bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor a combustão via ciclo Otto: teorias e análise do desempenho
Authors: Alves André Luíz , Zancanella Antônio Carlos Barboza 
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho, desenvolvido por um estudante finalista do curso de Física possui caráter interdisciplinar, pois envolve questões econômicas, de engenharia e física. O principal foco deste estudo foi avaliar o consumo de combustível de um motor via ciclo Otto alimentado com gasolina proveniente de diferentes postos de abastecimento localizados no município de São Mateus, ES. Analisou-se também a vibração e temperatura do sistema durante a operação. Para realização dos testes utilizou-se um motor da marca Renaut com volume da câmara de combustão de 1,6 litros, abastecido com quatro fontes diferentes de gasolinas. Registrou-se o consumo de combustível, temperatura, vibração e teor de álcool. Os resultados mostraram que o consumo de combustível foi maior em gasolinas com maior teor de álcool. Observou-se uma variação máxima de 5°C no regime de funcionamento do motor. Concluiu-se então que o consumo é afetado pelo teor de álcool de cada gasolina e a vibração proveniente do motor altera conforme o teor de álcool.
Filosofiskā antropoloģija II: Rakstu krājums
Authors: Neiders Ivars 
Published: June 2024

The collection of papers “Philosophical Anthropology II” is the second volume of papers in philosophical anthropology that contains papers written by members of the Department of Humanities at Rīga Stradiņš University. The collection consists of a foreword and ten chapters. Each chapter addresses its individual topic. The collection is oriented to general reader and does not presume background knowledge of philosophy or philosophical anthropology. / Krājumā “Filosofiskā antropoloģija II” tiek turpināts pirmajā krājumā iesāktais konceptuālais virziens, saskaņā ar kuru filosofiskā antropoloģija “ieņem vidutāja lomu starp dabaszinātnēm un humanitārajām zinātnēm, cenšoties apkopot dažādu zinātņu nozaru atklājumus par cilvēku” (Sīlis, 2015, 14). Tā ir multidisciplināra pieeja, kas izmanto filosofijas metodes, lai interpretētu empīriskus datus (procesus, stāvokļus) un izdarītu vispārinājumus par konkrētiem ar cilvēka eksistenci saistītiem jautājumiem. Tāpat kā iepriekšējā krājumā, arī šī krājuma rakstu struktūra ir saistīta ar nepieciešamību aplūkot pagātnes domātāju veikumu, lai noskaidrotu, cik tas ir aktuāls mūsdienās. Vienlaikus krājuma autori cenšas iekļaut arī mūslaiku problēmas, kas parādās viņu izvēlētās tēmas kontekstā. Atbilstīgi katras tēmas specifikai tiek izskatītas vairākas teorētiskās nostādnes, kritiski analizēti to trūkumi un priekšrocības. Krājums sastāv no desmit rakstiem. 6.3. Filozofija, reliģija, ētika. Filozofiskās antropoloģijas apakšnozare.
Ķermenis un miesa
Authors: Grīnfelde Māra 
Published: June 2024

In the first paper “Lived body and object-body”, Māra Grīnfelde explores phenomenological approach to body based on works of a German philo­sopher Edmund Husserl and a French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty. The paper analyses distinction between obect-body (Körper) and lived body (Leib / corps vivant et vécu) developed in phenomenological tradition. / Māras Grīnfeldes rakstā “Ķermenis un miesa” cilvēka ķermeniskuma problēma tiek aplūkota no fenomenoloģijas viedokļa. To raksturo atteikšanās no teorētiskiem uzslāņojumiem jeb priekšstatiem par ķermeņa dabu, lai nodarbotos ar nepastarpinātas, tiešas sajūtu pieredzes pētījumiem. Fenomenoloģiskais skatījums rodas kā reakcija uz priekšstatu par ķermeni kā mašīnu, kas veidojās saskaņā ar jaunlaiku filosofiju, kurā īpaši problemātisks ir jautājums par ķermeņa un gara attiecībām. Tā pamatā ir M. Merlo-Pontī koncepcija par ķermenisko pieredzi – “dzīvoto ķermeni”, kurā ķermenis netiek nošķirts no patības. Tiek iztirzātas ķermeņa shēmas un tādi jēdzieni kā “aktuālais ķermenis”, “ieraduma ķermenis”, kā arī “promesošais ķermenis”. Nobeigumā tiek aplūkotas fenomenoloģiskā skatījuma priekšrocības, kā arī šī skatījuma kritika no sociālā konstrukcionisma pozīcijām. 6.3. Filozofija, reliģija, ētika. Filozofiskās antropoloģijas apakšnozare. Atslēgvārdi: ķermeniskums; fenomenoloģija; M. Merlo-Ponti; ķermeniskā pieredze; miesa; ķermenis kā sociāli valodisks konstrukts.
Datos y reflexiones sobre el sector agrario canario
Authors:   Universidad de La Laguna (España), González González Yurena , García Perdigón Adrián ,   Universidad de La Laguna (España)
Published: June 2024

This article systematises data and analyses on the Canarian agrarian sector. The study of these data suggests a series of reflections framed in the colonial context of the Canary Islands, which has conditioned its history, economy and culture, as well as its agrarian processes. One of the most important milestones for this sector occurred in the 1960s, when the farming sector decline began in the Canary Islands in the face of the huge growth of the service sector, driven by the phenomenon of tourism. The sources consulted and the systematisation carried out place us in the debate that oscillates between dependence and sovereignty, and thus in the agrarian policies developed in this Atlantic archipelago (located approximately 100 km from the African continent and politically and administratively dependent on the Spanish State).
Pewarisan Sifat Waxy Populasi F3 Sorgum Hasil Persilangan Pulut 3 x PI-150-20A
Authors: Mardhiyyah Rodhiyatan , Wirnas Desta , Trikoesoemaningtyas  
Published: June 2024

Sorgum dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pangan alternatif beras padi, namun beras dari biji sorgum kurang disukai masyarakat. Karena itu diperlukan adanya perbaikan terhadap kualitas biji sorgum untuk memperoleh biji sorgum yang disukai oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh pengetahuan tentang keragaman genetik dan seleksi pada karakter agronomi dan tipe waxy pada populasi F3 sorgum persilangan Pulut 3 x PI-150-20A. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2022 hingga November 2022 di Kebun BSIP Biogen, Cimanggu, Kota Bogor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi F3 memiliki nilai tengah yang cenderung lebih kecil daripada kedua tetuanya. Aksi gen yang muncul yaitu epistasis komplementer dan epistasis duplikat dengan jumlah gen yang terlibat banyak pada mayoritas karakter. Heritabilitas arti luas dan koefisien keragaman genetik termasuk tinggi. Pengamatan tipe sorgum berdasarkan kandungan amilosa. Hasil dari pewarnaan biji menunjukkan bahwa populasi F3 sorgum persilangan Pulut 3 x PI-150-20A mayoritas bertipe waxy atau memiliki kandungan amilosa yang rendah.
Kata kunci: beras, epistasis, gen, pewarnaan, segregasi
Tiroide Lingual: Apresentação de Caso Clínico
Authors: Lopes Patrícia , Bacelar Cristina , Sousa Inês , Costa Tiffany 
Published: June 2024

A patologia tiroideia, designadamente o hipotiroidismo, é uma situação comum e habitualmente gerida em cuidados de saúde primários. No seu estudo inicial é importante considerar a hipótese de tiroide lingual, ainda que se trate de anomalia rara.Utente do sexo feminino, 48 anos de idade, transferida recentemente de outra unidade de saúde, apresenta-se na sua primeira consulta programada. Refere que no início da sua adolescência, após realização de ecografia à tiroide, terá sido informada de que “nasceu sem tiroide” (sic), pelo que se encontra medicada com levotiroxina 0,175 mg uma vez por dia. Como antecedentes familiares de relevo menciona que a mãe e a sobrinha apresentam patologia tiroideia. Ao exame objetivo não se verificaram outras alterações para além de, à palpação cervical, não apresentar tecido tiroideu na sua normal localização pré-traqueal.A ecografia da tiroide realizada revelou ausência de tiroide na sua topografia habitual. O estudo analítico da função tiroideia não revelou alterações. Foi então solicitada cintigrafia da tiroide que demonstrou um foco de captação do radiofármaco na topografia do pavimento da boca sobre a linha média, compatível com tecido tiroideu funcionante em localização ectópica. A utente foi referenciada a consulta de cirurgia geral e proposta para cirurgia de ressecção da tiroide ectópica, a qual decorreu sem intercorrências.O médico de família tem uma posição privilegiada no estudo e orientação dos seus utentes, tendo sido, neste caso, fulcral a investigação desencadeada pela suspeição de uma entidade rara, mesmo anos após o diagnóstico inicial de hipotiroidismo.
Reflexão Crítica sobre Saúde Mental na Infância e na Adolescência, em Portugal
Authors: B. Cavaco Tânia , Martins Silva Filipa 
Published: June 2024

A saúde mental da infância e da adolescência é uma área clínica em crescente procura de cuidados, traduzindo-se no aumento das necessidades cuja resposta não foi acompanhada por financiamento proporcional na área, em Portugal. A estas problemáticas acresce elevada escassez de profissionais de saúde mental, e a centralização preferencial destes profissionais nos grandes centros urbanos. Esta resposta insuficiente tem repercussão também em diferentes níveis de tratamento, particularmente, no trabalho comunitário e de consultadoria pela especialidade, bem como em regimes mais diferenciados de ambulatório, de internamento agudo ou internamento residencial, como nas Residências de Treino e Autonomia, para adolescentes, no âmbito dos cuidados continuados.Também no sector social a oferta se revela pouco responsiva e aquém das necessidades dos jovens, ao encontrarmos um sistema saturado, com profissionais pouco especializados e elevada rotatividade de técnicos nas instituições, perpetuando ciclos de maior instabilidade psicoafectiva e agravamento psicopatológico para jovens mais vulneráveis. Deparamo-nos com um enquadramento mais propício ao desenvolvimento e manutenção de perturbações mentais, e maior gravidade clínica, tornando cada vez mais importante a intervenção preventiva, embora as políticas de prevenção e de saúde pública sejam ainda insuficientes para as necessidades nacionais.Face a um sistema saturado e com escassez de recursos humanos, o uso de medidas coercivas poderá tornar-se mais presente, particularmente em crianças e adolescentes, que devem ser vigiadas e integradas no âmbito da prevenção quaternária. Apesar das adversidades transversais aos sistemas de saúde e social, importa promover o respeito e a autonomia dos doentes, assegurando a sua integridade e consentimento informado, à luz da lei de saúde mental.
Pembuatan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Multimedia Interaktif dengan Menggunakan Program Macromedia Flash 8 pada Materi Statistika
Authors: Bulan Defina Dwi 
Published: June 2024

Salah satu permasalahan yang ditemukan dalam pembelajaran matematika adalah kebanyakan guru menerapkan metode ekspositori dalam pembelajaran matematika. Sehingga menyebabkan guru lebih berperan aktif dibandingkan siswa itu sendiri dan menimbulkan kejenuhan dalam pembelajaran matematika. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, harus dilakukan variasi dalam metode mengajar yaitu salah satunya dengan mengembangkan model pembelajaran menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis multimedia interaktif sebagai media pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan menambah motivasi siswa untuk belajar. Komputer dapat menjadi solusi dalam menghasilkan bahan ajar berbasis multimedia interaktif yang membantu guru dalam menyampaikan materi matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat bahan ajar berbasis multimedia interaktif pada materi statistika dengan menggunakan program Macromedia Flash 8 serta mengetahui tanggapan siswa terhadap manfaat penggunaannya dengan menyebarkan angket terbuka. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Yadika Kota Jambi. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan cara menyebarkan angket terbuka kepada siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Yadika Kota Jambi. Setelah angket dikembalikan, data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa lebih termotivasi dan lebih mudah memahami materi matematika dengan menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis multimedia interaktif. Selain itu, bahan ajar yang bersifat interaktif ini dapat memberikan umpan balik siswa terhadap materi yang ditampilkan. Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan agar guru menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis multimedia interaktif pada saat menyampaikan materi statistika dan materi lainnya karena dapat membuat siswa lebih termotivasi dalam belajar matematika dan lebih mudah memahami materi pelajaran yang ditampilkan.
Juniarti, Sonia Analisis Kesulitan Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Materi Operasi Bilangan Pecahan Kelas VII SMP
Authors: Juniarti Sonia , Fitrianti Yuli , Paradesa Retni 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan mendeskripsikan kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal materi operasi bilangan pecahan kelas VII serta faktor apa yang mempengaruhi kesulitan tersebut. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitiatif, metode penelitian kualitatif yang dikembangkan oleh Moleong yang terdiri atas tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan dan tahap penyelesaian. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VII SMP Karya Ibu Palembang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah instrumen tes yang telah divalidasi oleh tiga pakar matematika dan wawancara dengan menggunakan metode non-structural. Teknik analasis data yang digunakan yaitu 1) Reduksi data, 2) Penyajian Data, dan 3) Penarikan Kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah : 1) Penelitian ini telah mengetahui kesulitan apa saja yang dialami oleh siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal tes operasi bilangan pecahan 2) Faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi peserta didik sehingga mengalami kesulitan dalam menyelsaikan soal tes operasi bilangan pecahan
Effects of organic amendments on tomato yield and electrochemical properties of soilless growing media
Authors: Habib Dahiru , Bashir Muhammad Bello , Dawaki Mansur Usman , Onokebhagbe Victor , Umar Abbati Muhammad , Sharif Usman , Abubakar Aminu Umar 
Published: June 2024

This research sought to investigate how using organic amendments derived from readily accessible materials affects both tomato production and the electrochemical characteristics of soilless growing media. A greenhouse experiment using six (6) different locally accessible and underutilized composted organic materials [cocoa peat, rice husk, ground Doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica) fruit, Iroko (Milicia excelsa) saw dust, mahogany (Khaya senegelensis) saw dust, and Sapele saw dust (Entandophragma cylindricum)] was carried out. Standard procedures were used to determine the physical, chemical, and electrochemical characteristics of the modified materials.The results revealed that the highest water retaining capacity of the media varied from 51.11% to 85.56%. Iroko palm has the highest bulk density (0.94 g cm-3) while Doum palm has the highest particle density (0.81 g cm-3). The results of the study showed that the pH of the medium in KCl ranged from 6.32 to 7.81 and 7.36 to 8.37 for pH in water. The electrical potentials for the different media ranged from -52.01 to -93.38. The point zero charge of soils was shown to be positively correlated to the properties of the medium. The pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the media all increased when the media was modified. It is recommended that rice husks and cocopeat be used as growing given their superior performance compared to the other tested media in tomato production. However, because of the cost of producing cocopeat media, rice husk can serve as an alternative to cocopeat as a growing medium. Despite a slight delay in germination in the rice husk media, a high yield was attained at the end of production.
Exploring the potential of bioactive compounds in preventing cancer growth and progression: A comprehensive review
Authors: Foroughi-Gilvaee Mohammad , Martirosyan Danik , Mashayekhnia Mohammad , Maadi Mohammad , Sarvendani Mohammad , Maghsoumi Maryam 
Published: June 2024

Cancer stands as a prominent global cause of mortality, with a noteworthy surge in related deaths in recent years. Over the past decade, several bioactive compounds have emerged as potent agents in impeding the relentless advance of cancer. Notably, numerous studies highlight the efficacy of natural plant-derived bioactive compounds in augmenting chemotherapy outcomes and mitigating adverse drug effects associated with chemotherapeutic agents. This comprehensive review investigates the anticancer effects of three types of bioactive compounds: polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids. It elucidates their mechanisms of action and consolidates evidence from preclinical studies. Furthermore, this review delves into the molecular mechanisms through which these active compounds may manifest their anticancer properties, drawing insights from cell and animal-based studies.
Keywords: Bioactive compounds, cancer prevention, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids
STRATEGI PENCEGAHAN STUNTING PADA BALITA MELALUI PEMBERIAN MAKANAN BERGIZI DI POSYANDU NANGKA KELURAHAN CIPONDOH
Authors: Utami Wiranti Sri , Faisal Muhammad , Pratiwi Nila 
Published: June 2024

Dampak gizi pada balita menjadi permasalahan yang serius bagi Sumber Daya Manusia dan memerlukan penanganan gizi yang tepat. Masalah yang sering ditemui pada balita yang mengalami tumbuh kembang yang kurang optimal ditandai dengan penamaan stunting. Balita yang mengalami stanting merupakan suatu kondisi dimana balita mengalami tumbuh kembang yang kurang baik diantara balita lainnya. Hal ini disebabkan kurangnya memberikan makanan sehat pada balita dengan tidak memperhatikan nilai gizi yang terkandung pada makanan balita. Permasalahan ini terjadi dikarenakan kurang adanya pemahaman bagi masyarakat terhadap stunting untuk tumbuh kembang balita. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) yang dilakukan memiliki tujuan adalah membantu masyarakat dengan menyampaikan informasi bagi para ibu tentang bahaya stunting pada balita. Metode pada pengabdian ini adalah pemaparan dari para narasumber dan melakukan berbagai konsultasi dengan para kader posyandu serta para dokter. Posyandu nangka pada kelurahan Cipondoh mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dan sebagai tempat pelayanan bagi para balita yang termasuk pada kelompok balita dengan tumbuh kembang yang rendah dengan memberikan menu makanan yang bergizi kepada balita. Pada pengabdian ini dilaksanakan untuk dapat menekan angka stunting pada balita dengan pemberian makanan yang bergizi pada balita sebagai strategi pencegahan stunting.
La argumentación dialógica: Tres ejemplos en diferentes momentos de desarrollo
Authors: Peralta Nadia Soledad , Mareovich Florencia , Castellaro Mariano Andrés 
Published: June 2024

Argumentation is a social situation that allows individuals to elaborate arguments for or against a certain position and to recognize, evaluate and consider both their points of view and their mates’. As a result, the cognitive benefit is undoubtedly unlimited, allowing even the epistemic change and the negotiation of sense with others. The article aims to illustrate how the category "argumentative episode" appears at different times. Three examples of interactional situations were presented: a. argumentative episodes made by 5 and 6 year-olds in different types of verbal productions, b. socio-cognitive composition, social-emotional affinity and argumentative episodes in the collaborative comprehension of frequency tables in sixth and seventh grade; c. group composition and argumentation in the resolution of a dilemmatic task, in university students. The argumentative episode that refers to the socio-cognitive situation was used, in which an individual sends a based verbalization as an answer to a question or in opposition to the others pose (conflict). In the three described situations, it was observed that the predominance of argumentative episodes is different: young children tend to produce the first type of arguments (answer to a question) while older persons present type 2 arguments (conflict). For the second type of argumentative episode to occur; the individual needs a group of cognitive skills that are developed throughout life. As they grow up, the impact made by the social variables of interaction becomes greater. Our studies highlight the educational value of argumentation due to its dual communicative and social functionality.
ML-driven segmentation of microvascular features during histological examination of tissue-engineered vascular grafts
Authors: Danilov Viacheslav V. , Laptev Vladislav V. , Klyshnikov Kirill Yu. , Stepanov Alexander D. , Bogdanov Leo A. , Antonova Larisa V. , Krivkina Evgenia O. , Kutikhin Anton G. , Ovcharenko Evgeny A. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThe development of next-generation tissue-engineered medical devices such as tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) is a leading trend in translational medicine. Microscopic examination is an indispensable part of animal experimentation, and histopathological analysis of regenerated tissue is crucial for assessing the outcomes of implanted medical devices. However, the objective quantification of regenerated tissues can be challenging due to their unusual and complex architecture. To address these challenges, research and development of advanced ML-driven tools for performing adequate histological analysis appears to be an extremely promising direction.MethodsWe compiled a dataset of 104 representative whole slide images (WSIs) of TEVGs which were collected after a 6-month implantation into the sheep carotid artery. The histological examination aimed to analyze the patterns of vascular tissue regeneration in TEVGs in situ. Having performed an automated slicing of these WSIs by the Entropy Masker algorithm, we filtered and then manually annotated 1,401 patches to identify 9 histological features: arteriole lumen, arteriole media, arteriole adventitia, venule lumen, venule wall, capillary lumen, capillary wall, immune cells, and nerve trunks. To segment and quantify these features, we rigorously tuned and evaluated the performance of six deep learning models (U-Net, LinkNet, FPN, PSPNet, DeepLabV3, and MA-Net).ResultsAfter rigorous hyperparameter optimization, all six deep learning models achieved mean Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSC) exceeding 0.823. Notably, FPN and PSPNet exhibited the fastest convergence rates. MA-Net stood out with the highest mean DSC of 0.875, demonstrating superior performance in arteriole segmentation. DeepLabV3 performed well in segmenting venous and capillary structures, while FPN exhibited proficiency in identifying immune cells and nerve trunks. An ensemble of these three models attained an average DSC of 0.889, surpassing their individual performances.ConclusionThis study showcases the potential of ML-driven segmentation in the analysis of histological images of tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Through the creation of a unique dataset and the optimization of deep neural network hyperparameters, we developed and validated an ensemble model, establishing an effective tool for detecting key histological features essential for understanding vascular tissue regeneration. These advances herald a significant improvement in ML-assisted workflows for tissue engineering research and development.