bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SU‐E‐T‐525: Dose Volume Histograms (DVH) Analysis and Comparison with ICRU Point Doses in MRI Guided HDR Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Badkul R , McClinton C , Kumar P , Mitchell M 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:Brachytherapy plays a crucial role in management of cervix cancer. MRI compatible applicators have made it possible to accurately delineate gross‐target‐volume(GTV) and organs‐at‐risk(OAR) volumes, as well as directly plan, optimize and adapt dose‐distribution for each insertion. We sought to compare DVH of tumor‐coverage and OARs to traditional Point‐A, ICRU‐38 bladder and rectum point‐doses for four different planning‐techniques.Methods:MRI based 3D‐planning was performed on Nucletron‐Oncentra‐TPS for 3 selected patients with varying tumor‐sizes and anatomy.GTV,high‐risk‐clinical‐target‐volume(HR‐CTV),intermediate‐risk‐clinical‐target‐volume(IR‐CTV) and OARs: rectum, bladder, sigmoid‐colon, vaginal‐mucosa were delineated. Three conventionally used techniques: mg‐Radium‐equivalent(RaEq),equal‐dwell‐weights(EDW),Medical‐College‐of‐Wisconsin proposed points‐optimization(MCWO) and a manual‐graphical‐optimization(MGO) volume‐coverage based technique were applied for each patient. Prescription was 6Gy delivered to point‐A in Conventional techniques (RaEq, EDW, MCWO). For MGO, goal was to achieve 90%‐coverage (D90) to HR‐CTV with prescription‐dose. ICRU point doses for rectum and bladder, point‐A doses, DVH‐doses for HR‐CTV‐D90,0.1cc‐volume(D0.1),1ccvolume(D1),2cc‐volume(D2) were collected for all plans and analyzed. Results:Mean D90 for HR‐CTV normalized to MGO were 0.89,0.84,0.9,1.0 for EDW, RaEq, MCWO, MGO respectively. Mean point‐A doses were 21.7% higher for MGO. Conventional techniques with Point‐A prescriptions under covered HR‐CTV‐D90 by average of 12% as compared to MGO. Rectum, bladder and sigmoid doses were highest in MGO‐plans for ICRU points as well as D0.1,D1 and D2 doses. Among conventional‐techniques, rectum and bladder ICRU and DVH doses(0.1,1,2cc) were not significantly different (within 7%).Rectum D0.1 provided good estimation of ICRU‐rectum‐point doses (within 3.9%),rectum D0.1 were higher from 0.8 to 3.9% while bladder D0.1 overestimated the bladder ICRU point dose up to 43% for conventional‐techniques.Bladder‐D2 provided a good estimation of ICRU bladder point‐doses(within 3.6%) for conventional‐techniques. This correlation is not observed for MGO plans perhaps due to steering of isodose line, leading to unpredictable dwell‐weighting.Conclusion:MRI based HDR‐planning provides accurate delineation of tumor volumes and normal structures, and optimized tumor‐coverage can be achieved with acceptable normal‐tissue doses. This study showed that for conventional techniques D0.1 rectum dose and D2 bladder dose are good representation of ICRU‐reference‐point doses.
SU‐E‐T‐526: On the Linearity, Stability and Beam Energy Dependence of CdSe Quantum Dots as Scintillating Probes
Authors: Delage M‐E , Lecavalier M‐E , Lariviere D , Allen C , Beaulieu L 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:Structure and energy transfer mechanisms confer colloidal quantum dots (cQDs) interesting properties, among them their potential as scintillators. CdSe multi‐shell cQDs in powder were investigated under photons irradiation. The purpose of this work is to characterize signal to dose linearity, stability with time and to quantify the dependence of their light output with beam energy.Methods:The cQDs are placed at the extremity of a non‐scintillating plastic collecting fiber, with the other extremity connected to an Apogee U2000C CCD camera. The CCD camera collects the fluorescence light from irradiated cQDs from which the delivered dose is extracted. This signal is corrected for Cerenkov contamination at MV energies using the chromatic technique. The detector was irradiated with two devices: Xstrahl 200 orthovoltage unit for 120, 180 and 220 kVp and a Varian Clinac iX for 6 and 23 MV.Results:Linear output response with varying dose is observed for all beam energies with R2 factors > 0,999. Reproducibility measurements were performed at 120 kVp: the same set‐up was irradiated at different time intervals (one week and three months). The results showed only a small relative decrease of light output of 3,2 % after a combine deposited dose of approximately 95 Gy. CdSe nanocrystals response has been studied as a function of beam energy. The output increases with decreasing energy from 120 kVp to 6 MV and increase again for 23 MV. This behavior could be explained in part by the cQDs high‐Z composition.Conclusion:The fluorescence light output of CdSe cQDs was found to be linear as a function of dose. The results suggest stability of the scintillation output of cQDs over time. The specific composition of cQDs is the main cause of the observed energy dependence. We will further look into particle beam dependence of the cQDs. Bourse d' excellence aux etudes graduees du CRC (Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Universite Laval)Bourse d' excellence aux etudes graduees du CRC (Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Universite Laval)
SU‐E‐T‐527: Prior Knowledge Guided TomoTherapy Treatment Planning
Authors: Lian J , Yuan L , Zhu X , Chera B , Chang S , Wu Q 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:The quality and efficiency of radiotherapy treatment planning are highly planer dependent. Previously we have developed a statistical model to correlate anatomical features with dosimetry features of head and neck Tomotherapy treatment. The model enables us to predict the best achievable dosimetry for individual patient prior to treatment planning. The purpose of this work is to study if the prediction model can facilitate the treatment planning in both the efficiency and dosimetric quality.Methods:The anatomy‐dosimetry correlation model was used to calculate the expected DVH for nine patients formerly treated. In Group A (3 patients), the model prediction agreed with the clinic plan; in Group B (3 patients), the model predicted lower larynx mean dose than the clinic plan; in Group C (3 patients), the model suggested the brainstem could be further spared. Guided by the prior knowledge, we re‐planned all 9 cases. The number of interactions during the optimization process and dosimetric endpoints between the original clinical plan and model‐guided re‐plan were compared.Results:For Group A, the difference of target coverage and organs‐at‐risk sparing is insignificant (p>0.05) between the replan and the clinical plan. For Group B, the clinical plan larynx median dose is 49.4±4.7 Gy, while the prediction suggesting 40.0±6.2 Gy (p<0.05). The re‐plan achieved 41.5±6.6 Gy, with similar dose on other structures as clinical plan. For Group C, the clinical plan brainstem maximum dose is 44.7±5.5 Gy. The model predicted lower value 32.2±3.8 Gy (p<0.05). The re‐plans reduced brainstem maximum dose to 31.8±4.1 Gy without affecting the dosimetry of other structures. In the replanning of the 9 cases, the times operator interacted with TPS are reduced on average about 50% compared to the clinical plan.Conclusion:We have demonstrated that the prior expert knowledge embedded model improved the efficiency and quality of Tomotherapy treatment planning.
Existence Results for a Coupled System of Nonlinear Fractional Hybrid Differential Equations with Homogeneous Boundary Conditions
Authors: Caballero Josefa , Darwish Mohamed Abdalla , Sadarangani Kishin , Shammakh Wafa M. 
Published: July 2014

We study an existence result for the following coupled system of nonlinear fractional hybrid differential equations with homogeneous boundary conditionsD0+α[x(t)/f(t,x(t),y(t))]=g(t,x(t),y(t)),D0+αy(t)/f(t,y(t),x(t))=g(t,y(t),x(t)), 0<t<1,andx(0)=y(0)=0,whereα∈(0,1)andD0+αdenotes the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. The main tools in our study are the techniques associated to measures of noncompactness in the Banach algebras and a fixed point theorem of Darbo type.
The Use of Metformin in Patients with Prostate Cancer and the Risk of Death
Authors: Bensimon Leah , Yin Hui , Suissa Samy , Pollak Michael N. , Azoulay Laurent 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background: Given the conflicting results from observational studies, we assessed whether the use of metformin after a prostate cancer diagnosis is associated with a decreased risk of cancer-specific and all-cause mortality.
Methods: This study was conducted linking four databases from the United Kingdom. A cohort of men newly diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer with a history of treated type II diabetes, between April 1, 1998 and December 31, 2009, was followed until October 1, 2012. Nested case–control analyses were performed for cancer-specific mortality and all-cause mortality, in which exposure was defined as use of metformin during the time to risk-set. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted rate ratios (RR) of each outcome with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: The cohort consisted of 935 men with prostate cancer and a history of type II diabetes. After a mean follow-up of 3.7 years, 258 deaths occurred, including 112 from prostate cancer. Overall, the post-diagnostic use of metformin was not associated with a decreased risk of cancer-specific mortality (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.51–2.33). In a secondary analysis, a cumulative duration ≥938 days was associated with an increased risk (RR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.00–10.24). The post-diagnostic use of metformin was not associated with all-cause mortality (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.50–1.23).
Conclusion: The use of metformin after a prostate cancer diagnosis was not associated with an overall decreased risk of cancer-specific and all-cause mortality.
Impact: The results of this study do not support a role for metformin in the prevention of prostate cancer outcomes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2111–8. ©2014 AACR.
A Pooled Analysis of Body Mass Index and Pancreatic Cancer Mortality in African Americans
Authors: Bethea Traci N. , Kitahara Cari M. , Sonderman Jennifer , Patel Alpa V. , Harvey Chinonye , Knutsen Synnøve F. , Park Yikyung , Park Song Yi , Fraser Gary E. , Jacobs Eric J. , Purdue Mark P. , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael Z. , Gillanders Elizabeth M. , Blot William J. , Palmer Julie R. , Kolonel Laurence N. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and both incidence and mortality are highest in African Americans. Obesity is also disproportionately high in African Americans, but limited data are available on the relation of obesity to pancreatic cancer in this population.
Methods: Seven large prospective cohort studies pooled data from African American participants. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported height and weight at baseline. Cox regression was used to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for levels of BMI relative to BMI 18.5–24.9, with adjustment for covariates. Primary analyses were restricted to participants with ≥5 years of follow-up because weight loss before diagnosis may have influenced baseline BMI in cases who died during early follow-up.
Results: In follow-up of 239,597 participants, 897 pancreatic cancer deaths occurred. HRs were 1.08 (95% CI, 0.90–1.31) for BMI 25.0 to 29.9, 1.25 (95% CI, 0.99–1.57) for BMI 30.0 to 34.9, and 1.31 (95% CI, 0.97–1.77) for BMI ≥35.0 among those with ≥5 years of follow-up (Ptrend = 0.03). The association was evident among both sexes and was independent of a history of diabetes. A stronger association was observed among never-smokers (BMI ≥30 vs. referent: HR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.02–2.03) than among smokers (HR = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.87–1.54; Pinteraction = 0.02).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that obesity is independently associated with increased pancreatic cancer mortality in African Americans.
Impact: Interventions to reduce obesity may also reduce risk of pancreatic cancer mortality, particularly among never-smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2119–25. ©2014 AACR.
Caveolin-1 Modulates Cardiac Gap Junction Homeostasis and Arrhythmogenecity by Regulating cSrc Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: Yang Kai-Chien , Rutledge Cody A. , Mao Mao , Bakhshi Farnaz R. , Xie An , Liu Hong , Bonini Marcelo G. , Patel Hemal H. , Minshall Richard D. , Dudley Samuel C. 
Published: July 2014

Background—
Genome-wide association studies have revealed significant association of caveolin-1 (Cav1) gene variants with increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Nevertheless, the mechanism for this linkage is unclear.

Methods and Results—

Using adult Cav1
-/-
mice, we revealed a marked reduction in the left ventricular conduction velocity in the absence of myocardial Cav1, which is accompanied with increased inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias. Further studies demonstrated that loss of Cav1 leads to the activation of cSrc tyrosine kinase, resulting in the downregulation of connexin 43 and subsequent electric abnormalities. Pharmacological inhibition of cSrc mitigates connexin 43 downregulation, slowed conduction, and arrhythmia inducibility in Cav1
-/-
animals. Using a transgenic mouse model with cardiac-specific overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE8/8), we demonstrated that, on enhanced cardiac renin–angiotensin system activity, Cav1 dissociated from cSrc because of increased Cav1 S-nitrosation at Cys
156
, leading to cSrc activation, connexin 43 reduction, impaired gap junction function, and subsequent increase in the propensity for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Renin–angiotensin system–induced Cav1 S-nitrosation was associated with increased Cav1–endothelial nitric oxide synthase binding in response to increased mitochondrial reactive oxidative species generation.

Conclusions—
The present studies reveal the critical role of Cav1 in modulating cSrc activation, gap junction remodeling, and ventricular arrhythmias. These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the observed genetic link between Cav1 and cardiac arrhythmias in humans and suggest that targeted regulation of Cav1 may reduce arrhythmic risk in cardiac diseases associated with renin–angiotensin system activation.
Walker’s Eleodes (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: THOMAS DONALD B. , SMITH AARON D. , TRIPLEHORN CHARLES A. , AALBU ROLF A. 
Published: July 2014

The type specimens of five species of Eleodes described by Francis Walker from British Columbia, Canada, were studied in order to establish their true identity. The synonymy of Eleodes convexicollis Walker and E. conjunctus Walker with E. obscurus (Say); that of Eleodes latiusculus Walker with E. humeralis LeConte; and that of Eleodes binotatus Walker with Eleodes hispilabris (Say) is confirmed. Eleodes subtuberculatus Walker = Eleodes parvulus Blaisdell, new synonymy, and not a synonym of E. granulatus LeConte. Only in the latter case is a Walker name senior to the name currently in use.
Comparison of the Effect of Parameterized Eddy Fluxes of Thickness and Potential Vorticity
Authors: Ivchenko V. O. , Danilov S. , Schröter J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractParameterization of mesoscale eddies is an important problem of modern ocean dynamics and modeling. The most widely used scheme is the so-called Gent–McWilliams parameterization, which describes the eddy-induced transport of tracers, including temperature, density, and isopycnal thickness (TH). An alternative scheme, proposed by Green and Welander, deals with parameterizing eddy fluxes of potential vorticity (PV). Many recent studies propose using it, for it includes the effect of eddy Reynolds stresses that may influence mean flows. These two schemes are compared in the simplest configuration of two-layer quasigeostrophic channel flow, which enables analytical solutions for zonal-mean fields. It is shown how the parameterizations shape the zonally averaged zonal velocity profiles, with special attention paid to the role of the Reynolds stresses and momentum conservation. The zonally averaged zonal velocity profiles are sensitive to the amplitude and profiles of TH and PV diffusivities. For small enough diffusivities the TH parameterization may lead to solutions resembling those for the PV parameterization if it uses the diffusivity of the latter; that is, it may mimic the impact of the Reynolds stresses on the mean flow.
Probabilistic Verification of Global and Mesoscale Ensemble Forecasts of Tropical Cyclogenesis
Authors: Majumdar Sharanya J. , Torn Ryan D. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Probabilistic forecasts of tropical cyclogenesis have been evaluated for two samples: a near-homogeneous sample of ECMWF and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model–ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) ensemble forecasts during the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud-systems in the Tropics (PREDICT) field campaign (15 August–30 September 2010) and ECMWF ensemble forecasts during the 2010–12 Atlantic hurricane seasons. Quantitative criteria for tropical cyclone (TC) formation were first determined from model analyses based on threshold values of lower-tropospheric circulation, local thickness anomaly, and minimum sea level pressure. A binary verification was then performed for all ensemble forecasts with initial-time tropical disturbances. During the PREDICT period, the ECMWF and WRF–EnKF had similar verification statistics, with reliability diagrams of positive slope flatter than unity, and relative operating characteristic (ROC) curves that demonstrate skill. For the 2010–12 ECMWF ensemble forecasts, the equitable threat score was small and positive, with skill mostly lost after 5 days. The reliability diagrams for 1–5-day forecasts were monotonic increasing, though an overly large number of short-range ensemble forecasts predicted a low probability of a TC when a TC was verified. The ROC curves exhibited similar skill for forecasts out to 5 days. The reliability curves were sensitive to parameters such as time tolerance and threshold values, and insensitive to cases that originated from African easterly waves versus those that did not. Qualitative investigations revealed case-to-case variability in the probabilistic predictions. While the sample size was limited, the ensembles showed the potential for probabilistic prediction out to 5 days, though it appeared that the model struggled with developing a warm core in the short-range forecast.
Fibrin-based clot formation as an early and rapid biomarker for progression of postpartum hemorrhage: a prospective study
Authors: Collins Peter W. , Lilley Graeme , Bruynseels Daniel , Laurent David Burkett-St. , Cannings-John Rebecca , Precious Elizabeth , Hamlyn Vincent , Sanders Julia , Alikhan Raza , Rayment Rachel , Rees Alexandra , Kaye Abigail , Hall Judith E. , Paranjothy Shantini , Weeks Andrew , Collis Rachel E. 
Published: July 2014

Key Points
Fibtem is an early and rapidly available biomarker for predicting progression of moderate to severe postpartum hemorrhage. Fibtem was predictive of need for blood transfusion and invasive procedures, bleeds >2500 mL, duration of bleed, and time in high dependency.
Antinociceptive effect of some extracts from Ajuga chamaecistus Ging. ssp. tomentella (Boiss.) Rech. f. aerial parts
Authors: Khanavi Mahnaz , Davoodipoor Araz Mohammad , Sadati Seyede Nargess , Ardekani Mohammad Reza Shams , Sharifzadeh Mohammad 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
The genus Ajuga is used for the treatment of joint pain, gout, and jaundice in traditional Iranian medicine (TIM). Ajuga chamaecistus ssp. tomentella is an exclusive subspecies of Ajuga chamaecistus in the flora of Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate antinociceptive properties of some extracts from aerial parts of A. chamaecistus ssp. tomentella.

Methods
Antinociceptive activities of total water and 80% methanol extracts, hexane, diethyl ether and n-butanolic partition fractions of the methanolic extract were analyzed using the formalin test in mice. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) and normal saline were employed as positive and negative controls, respectively.

Results
Oral administration of all extracts (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) 30 min before formalin injection had no effect against the acute phase (0–5 min after formalin injection) of the formalin-induced licking time, but hexane fraction (200 mg/kg) caused a significant effect (p < 0.001) on the chronic phase (15–60 min after formalin injection). Total water and diethyl ether extracts at a dose of 400 mg/kg showed a very significant analgesic activity on the chronic phase (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that the extracts of A. chamaecistus ssp. tomentella have an analgesic property that supports traditional use of Ajuga genus for joint pain and other inflammatory diseases.
Differentially charged isoforms of apolipoprotein E from human blood are potential biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Alzate Oscar , Osorio Cristina , DeKroon Robert M , Corcimaru Ana , Gunawardena Harsha P 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia among the elderly. Finding blood-based biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis is urgently needed.

Methods
We studied protein distributions in brain tissues, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood of AD patients by using proteomics and a new proteomic method that we call “2D multiplexed Western blot” (2D mxWd). This method allows us to determine in multiple samples the electrophoretic patterns of protein isoforms with different isoelectric points.

Results
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) displays a unique distribution of electrophoretic isoforms in the presence of AD and also a unique pattern specific to the APOE genotype.

Conclusions
The isoelectric distribution of differentially charged ApoE isoforms was used to determine the presence of AD in a small group of samples. Further studies are needed to validate their use as predictors of disease onset and progression, and as biomarkers for determining the efficacy of therapeutic treatments.
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex Uev1A-Ubc13 promotes breast cancer metastasis through nuclear factor-кB mediated matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene regulation
Authors: Wu Zhaojia , Shen Siqi , Zhang Zhiling , Zhang Weiwei , Xiao Wei 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
UEV1A encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme variant (Ubc13), which is required for Ubc13-catalyzed Lys63-linked polyubiquitination of target proteins and nuclear factor κB (NF-кB) activation. Previous reports have correlated the level of UEV1A expression with tumorigenesis; however, the detailed molecular events leading to tumors particularly breast cancer and metastasis are unclear. This study is to investigate roles of different UEV1 splicing variants, and its close homolog MMS2, in promoting tumorigenesis and metastasis in breast cancer cells.

Methods
We experimentally manipulated the UEV1 and MMS2 levels in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and monitored their effects on cell invasion and migration, as well as tumor formation and metastasis in xenograft mice. The underlying molecular mechanisms leading to metastasis were also examined.

Results
It was found that overexpression of UEV1A alone, but not UEV1C or MMS2, is sufficient to induce cell invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. This process is mediated by NF-κB activation and requires functional Ubc13. Our experimental data establish that among NF-κB target genes, UEV1A-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) expression plays a critical role in cell invasion and metastasis. Interestingly, experimental depletion of UEV1 in MDA-MB-231 cells reduces MMP1 expression and prevents tumor formation and metastasis in a xenograft mouse model, while overexpression of MMP1 overrides the metastasis effects in UEV1-depleted cells.

Conclusions
These results identify UEV1A as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of metastasic breast cancers.