bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of different forms of bullying victimisation with adolescents’ psychological distress and reduced emotional wellbeing
Authors: Thomas Hannah J , Chan Gary CK , Scott James G , Connor Jason P , Kelly Adrian B , Williams Joanne 
Published: August 2015

Objective: The frequency and emotional response to bullying victimisation are known to be associated with adolescent mental ill health. A potentially important under-investigated factor is the form of bullying. Four common forms of bullying behaviours are name-calling, physical threats or harm, rumour spreading and social exclusion. To more comprehensively understand bullying victimisation in adolescence, we examined the association of all three factors ( frequency, emotional response, form) to psychological distress and emotional wellbeing. Method: A stratified, random sample of adolescents ( n = 10, 273; mean age = 14.33 years, standard deviation = 1.68 years) completed validated measures of bullying victimisation (Gatehouse Bullying Questionnaire), psychological distress (K10) and emotional wellbeing (Mental Health Inventory) in classroom time. Associations between the form of bullying victimisation and mental health outcomes were examined. Results: Adolescents reported a high prevalence of all four forms of bullying: teased or called names (30.6%), rumour spreading (17.9%), social exclusion (14.3%) and physical threats or harm (10.7%). Victimisation was independently associated with significantly higher levels of psychological distress and reduced levels of emotional wellbeing for all forms of bullying. In particular, social exclusion had a strong association with mental ill health. Adolescents who experienced frequent bullying that was upsetting reported higher psychological distress and reduced emotional wellbeing. Conclusion: Different forms of bullying victimisation were independently associated with psychological distress and reduced emotional wellbeing. In particular, frequent and upsetting social exclusion requires a targeted and measured response by school communities and health practitioners.
Using the Delphi expert consensus method in mental health research
Authors: Jorm Anthony F 
Published: August 2015

Objective: The article gives an introductory overview of the use of the Delphi expert consensus method in mental health research. It explains the rationale for using the method, examines the range of uses to which it has been put in mental health research, and describes the stages of carrying out a Delphi study using examples from the literature. Method: To ascertain the range of uses, a systematic search was carried out in PubMed. The article also examines the implications of ‘wisdom of crowds’ research for how to conduct Delphi studies. Results: The Delphi method is a systematic way of determining expert consensus that is useful for answering questions that are not amenable to experimental and epidemiological methods. The validity of the approach is supported by ‘wisdom of crowds’ research showing that groups can make good judgements under certain conditions. In mental health research, the Delphi method has been used for making estimations where there is incomplete evidence (e.g. What is the global prevalence of dementia?), making predictions (e.g. What types of interactions with a person who is suicidal will reduce their chance of suicide?), determining collective values (e.g. What areas of research should be given greatest priority?) and defining foundational concepts (e.g. How should we define ‘relapse’?). A range of experts have been used in Delphi research, including clinicians, researchers, consumers and caregivers. Conclusion: The Delphi method has a wide range of potential uses in mental health research.
Evidence-Based Diabetes Prevention and Control Programs and Policies in Local Health Departments
Authors: Zwald Marissa , Elliott Lindsay , Brownson Ross C. , Skala Mahree 
Published: August 2015

Purpose The purpose of this study is to: (1) assess implementation of evidence-based programs and policies (EBPPs) related to diabetes prevention and control in local health departments, (2) assess feasibility of non-implemented diabetes prevention and control EBPPs, and (3) examine individual- and organizational-level factors associated with implementation of diabetes prevention and control EBPPs. Methods An online survey was administered in January 2015 to key representatives of all local health departments in Missouri. Descriptive statistics were used to describe implementation and perceived feasibility of 20 diabetes prevention and control EBPPs. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between individual and organizational factors and diabetes prevention and control EBPP implementation. Results One hundred local health departments participated (89% response rate) in the online survey. Most frequently implemented diabetes-related EBPPs in local health departments included: nutrition education for agency or community members, increased fruit and vegetable access in community settings, and community-wide campaigns to promote physical activity. Increased encouragement to others in the department to use evidence-based decision making and agency incentives to help employees use evidence-based decision making were positively associated with implementation of diabetes prevention and control EBPPs. Conclusions Local health departments are on the “front line” of public health, and this study demonstrates the important role these organizations play in implementing diabetes prevention and control EBPPs. Potential leverage points for more widespread adoption of diabetes-related EBPPs in local health departments include education about and encouragement of evidence-based decision making and organizational incentives for employees to integrate evidence-based decision making into their diabetes prevention and control activities.
Validity of the Parenting Stress Index Short Form in a Sample of At-Risk Mothers
Authors: Pérez-Padilla Javier , Menéndez Susana , Lozano Oscar 
Published: August 2015

Background: The Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI-SF) is a widely used instrument in scientific literature to evaluate the levels of stress a parent feels when facing parenting-related tasks. Despite the potential usefulness of the PSI-SF with at-risk families, no validation studies have been carried out on this population in Spain. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to report evidences of the reliability and validity of PSI-SF with a sample of at-risk mothers. Specifically, (1) to examine the discriminative capacity of PSI-SF to differentiate between a community sample and another sample composed of families with various levels of risk and (2) to analyze the relationships with general health indicators and parental sense of competence. Results: Analyses reported in this article show satisfactory results regarding appropriate internal consistency coefficients for the scale. With respect to the evidences of validity, results reported here suggest that the total PSI-SF score, but not the two subscales, could be useful to differentiate between different groups of mothers with different levels of risk. The Childrearing stress subscale was associated with a poorer perception as a mother as well as with an external locus of control, and the Personal distress subscale was related to all the general health indicators, explaining a high percentage of variance. Conclusion: The results reported show that the total score or the subscales should be used in a differentiated way according to the professional’s objectives. Hence, PSI-SF may be a useful instrument for researchers and practitioners who work with at-risk families.
Tractable locomotion planning for RoboSimian
Authors: Satzinger Brian W. , Lau Chelsea , Byl Marten , Byl Katie 
Published: August 2015

This paper investigates practical solutions for low-bandwidth, teleoperated mobility for RoboSimian in complex environments. Locomotion planning for this robot is challenging due to kinematic redundancy. We present an end-to-end planning method that exploits a reduced-dimension rapidly-exploring random tree search, constraining a subset of limbs to an inverse kinematics table. Then, we evaluate the performance of this approach through simulations in randomized environments and in the style of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Robotics Challenges terrain both in simulation and with hardware. We also illustrate the importance of allowing for significant body motion during swing leg motions on extreme terrain and quantify the trade-offs between computation time and execution time, subject to velocity and acceleration limits of the joints. These results lead us to hypothesize that appropriate statistical “investment” of parallel computing resources between competing formulations or flavors of random planning algorithms can improve motion planning performance significantly. Motivated by the need to improve the speed of limbed mobility for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Robotics Challenge, we introduce one formulation of this resource allocation problem as a toy example and discuss advantages and implications of such trajectory planning for tractable locomotion on complex terrain.
Pre- and post-contact policy decomposition for planar contact manipulation under uncertainty
Authors: Koval Michael C. , Pollard Nancy S. , Srinivasa Siddhartha S. 
Published: August 2015

We consider the problem of using real-time feedback from contact sensors to create closed-loop pushing actions. To do so, we formulate the problem as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) with a transition model based on a physics simulator and a reward function that drives the robot towards a successful grasp. We demonstrate that it is intractable to solve the full POMDP with traditional techniques and introduce a novel decomposition of the policy into pre- and post-contact stages to reduce the computational complexity. Our method uses an offline point-based solver on a variable-resolution discretization of the state space to solve for a post-contact policy as a pre-computation step. Then, at runtime, we use an A* search to compute a pre-contact trajectory. We prove that the value of the resulting policy is within a bound of the value of the optimal policy and give intuition about when it performs well. Additionally, we show the policy produced by our algorithm achieves a successful grasp more quickly and with higher probability than a baseline QMDP policy on two different objects in simulation. Finally, we validate our simulation results on a real robot using commercially available tactile sensors.
Chronic Degeneration Leads to Poor Healing of Repaired Massive Rotator Cuff Tears in Rats
Authors: Killian Megan L. , Cavinatto Leonardo M. , Ward Samuel R. , Havlioglu Necat , Thomopoulos Stavros , Galatz Leesa M. 
Published: August 2015

Background: Chronic rotator cuff tears present a clinical challenge, often with poor outcomes after surgical repair. Degenerative changes to the muscle, tendon, and bone are thought to hinder healing after surgical repair; additionally, the ability to overcome degenerative changes after surgical repair remains unclear. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate healing outcomes of muscle, tendon, and bone after tendon repair in a model of chronic rotator cuff disease and to compare these outcomes to those of acute rotator cuff injuries and repair. The hypothesis was that degenerative rotator cuff changes associated with chronic multitendon tears and muscle unloading would lead to poor structural and mechanical outcomes after repair compared with acute injuries and repair. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Chronic rotator cuff injuries, induced via detachment of the supraspinatus (SS) and infraspinatus (IS) tendons and injection of botulinum toxin A into the SS and IS muscle bellies, were created in the shoulders of rats. After 8 weeks of injury, tendons were surgically reattached to the humeral head, and an acute, dual-tendon injury and repair was performed on the contralateral side. After 8 weeks of healing, muscles were examined histologically, and tendon-to-bone samples were examined microscopically, histologically, and biomechanically and via micro–computed tomography. Results: All repairs were intact at the time of dissection, with no evidence of gapping or ruptures. Tendon-to-bone healing after repair in our chronic injury model led to reduced bone quality and morphological disorganization at the repair site compared with acute injuries and repair. SS and IS muscles were atrophic at 8 weeks after repair of chronic injuries, indicating incomplete recovery after repair, whereas SS and IS muscles exhibited less atrophy and degeneration in the acute injury group at 8 weeks after repair. After chronic injuries and repair, humeral heads had decreased total mineral density and an altered trabecular structure, and the repair had decreased strength, stiffness, and toughness, compared with the acute injury and repair group. Conclusion: Chronic degenerative changes in rotator cuff muscles, tendons, and bone led to inferior healing characteristics after repair compared with acute injuries and repair. The changes were not reversible after repair in the time course studied, consistent with clinical impressions. Clinical Relevance: High retear rates after rotator cuff repair are associated with tear size and chronicity. Understanding the mechanisms behind this association may allow for targeted tissue therapy for tissue degeneration that occurs in the setting of chronic tears.
Design and Testing of the Degree of Shoulder Involvement in Sports (DOSIS) Scale
Authors: Blonna Davide , Bellato Enrico , Bonasia Davide Edoardo , Canata Gian Luigi , Rossi Roberto , Marmotti Antonio , Castoldi Filippo 
Published: August 2015

Background: For athletes affected by shoulder problems, the most important expectation is to resume sporting activities. The ability to return to sport is related to several parameters, including the type and level of sport played. By focusing on these parameters, the Degree of Shoulder Involvement in Sports (DOSIS) scale allows for a better assessment of the involvement of the shoulder in sports. Purpose: To design the DOSIS scale and test its psychometric features. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The DOSIS scale was developed as a patient self-administered scale by the Sport Committee of SIGASCOT (Società Italiana del Ginocchio Artroscopia Sport Cartilagine Tecnologie Ortopediche) to score sports activity based on 3 parameters: (1) type of sport, (2) frequency with which the sport is played, and (3) level at which the sport is played. In a subsequent phase, the psychometric features of the DOSIS scale were measured in a cohort of 85 patients who were affected by recurrent anterior shoulder instability and who underwent an open Bristow-Latarjet procedure or an arthroscopic Bankart repair. The content validity, criterion validity, construct validity, responsiveness, and test-retest reliability were measured and compared with the psychometric features of the Tegner activity scale. Results: Neither the DOSIS nor the Tegner activity scale showed floor or ceiling effects, but the DOSIS scale had a different distribution of scores, with a tendency toward a higher percentage of patients with high scores. The test-retest reliability analysis of the DOSIS scale revealed excellent intraobserver reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.96). Regarding the construct validity, 3 of the 4 hypotheses that we tested were significant. The DOSIS scale showed good criterion validity when compared with the Tegner activity scale (ρ = 0.3, P = .003), and the effect size between the preoperative and postoperative DOSIS scale was 1.1. Conclusion: The DOSIS scale showed acceptable psychometric features and seems to be a valid instrument for shoulder assessment in athletes.
Pseudoparalysis From a Massive Rotator Cuff Tear Is Reliably Reversed With an Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair in Patients Without Preoperative Glenohumeral Arthritis
Authors: Denard Patrick J. , Lädermann Alexandre , Brady Paul C. , Narbona Pablo , Adams Christopher R. , Arrigoni Paolo , Huberty Dave , Zlatkin Michael B. , Sanders Timothy G. , Burkhart Stephen S. 
Published: August 2015

Background: Pseudoparalysis is defined as active forward flexion less than 90° with full passive motion. There is controversy about the ideal surgical management of a massive rotator cuff tear with pseudoparalysis. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to prospectively analyze the ability to reverse pseudoparalysis with an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). The hypothesis was that in the absence of substantial glenohumeral arthritis, preoperative fatty infiltration of grade 3 or higher and an acromiohumeral interval (AHI) of less than 7 mm would not prevent reversal of pseudoparalysis with an ARCR. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A prospective multicenter study of ARCR performed for preoperative pseudoparalysis was conducted. The minimum follow-up was 1 year. The mean patient age was 63 years, and pseudoparalysis was present for a mean of 4.2 months preoperatively. Preoperative radiographic evaluation included plain film evaluation of the AHI and Hamada classification and MRI evaluation of fatty degeneration and rotator cuff retraction. Functional outcome was determined by the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Shoulder Score, visual analog scale (VAS), and subjective shoulder value (SSV). Results: Of the 58 patients enrolled, 56 had at least 1 year of follow-up. Mean active forward flexion improved from 47° preoperatively to 159° postoperatively ( P < .001). Statistically significant improvements were seen in the SST (from 2.8 preoperatively to 10.1 postoperatively), SSV (from 28 to 83), ASES Shoulder Score (from 37 to 88), and VAS (from 5.7 to 1.1) ( P < .001). Pseudoparalysis was reversed in 53 of 56 patients (95%). There was no difference in the rate of reversal of pseudoparalysis between those patients with an AHI of less than 7 mm (88.2%) and those with an AHI of 7 mm or more (96.9%) ( P =.289). Pseudoparalysis was reversed in all 8 of the patients with fatty degeneration of grade 3 or higher in 1 or more of the rotator cuff muscles. Conclusion: ARCR can lead to reversal of preoperative pseudoparalysis in patients with minimal preoperative glenohumeral arthritis. ARCR is a viable first line of treatment for patients with pseudoparalysis in the absence of advanced glenohumeral arthritis.
Inclusion of Small Indigenous Fish Improves Nutritional Quality During the First 1000 Days
Authors: Bogard Jessica R. , Hother Anne-Louise , Saha Manika , Bose Sanjoy , Kabir Humayun , Marks Geoffrey C. , Thilsted Shakuntala Haraksingh 
Published: August 2015

Background: Within food-based approaches to improve nutrition during the first 1000 days of life, improved formulations of food products and the use of animal source foods, such as fish, are 2 widely cited strategies; however, there are few examples where the 2 strategies are combined. Furthermore, although small indigenous fish are highly nutritious and available to the poor in many regions of the world, their importance is often overlooked. Objective: To document the development of 2 nutritious fish-based food products in Bangladesh: a chutney for pregnant and lactating women (PLW) and a complementary food (CF) for infants and young children (6-23 months), including potential contributions to recommended or desirable nutrient intakes in the first 1000 days, processing methods, and nutrient composition. Methods: Local nutrient-rich ingredients and simple processing methods based on traditional knowledge (for the chutney), and a literature review (for the CF), were selected and trial batches produced. Products were analyzed for nutrient composition using standard analytical procedures and results compared with recommended or desirable nutrient intakes for women and children. Results: Both products could contribute significantly to micronutrient intakes of PLW (24% of iron and 35% of calcium recommended intakes) and macro- and micronutrient intake of infants and young children (≥65% of vitamin A, ≥61% of zinc, and 41% of iron desirable intakes) when consumed in the proposed serving size. Conclusion: Inclusion of small indigenous fish as an underutilized animal source food in combination with other local nutrient-rich ingredients in food products represents a promising food-based strategy to improve nutrition, with many additional potential benefits for communities involved in production, and therefore warrants further investigation.
Graphene oxide/manganese ferrite nanohybrids for magnetic resonance imaging, photothermal therapy and drug delivery
Authors: Yang Yan , Shi Haili , Wang Yapei , Shi Benzhao , Guo Linlin , Wu Dongmei , Yang Shiping , Wu Huixia 
Published: August 2015

Superparamagnetic manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles have been deposited on graphene oxide (GO) by the thermal decomposition of manganese (II) acetylacetonate and iron (III) acetylacetonate precursors in triethylene glycol. The resulting GO/MnFe2O4 nanohybrids show very low cytotoxicity, negligible hemolytic activity, and imperceptible in vivo toxicity. In vitro and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging experiments demonstrate that GO/MnFe2O4 nanohybrids could be used as an effective T2 contrast agent. The strong optical absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) region and good photothermal stability of GO/MnFe2O4 nanohybrids result in the highly efficient photothermal ablation of cancer cells. GO/MnFe2O4 nanohybrids can be further loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) by π–π conjugate effect for chemotherapy. DOX release from GO/MnFe2O4 is significantly influenced by pH and can be triggered by NIR laser. The enhanced cancer cell killing by GO/MnFe2O4/DOX composites has been achieved when irradiated with near-infrared light, suggesting that the nanohybrids could deliver both DOX chemotherapy and photothermal therapy with a synergistic effect.