bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student‐generated reading questions: Diagnosing student thinking with diverse formative assessments
Authors: Offerdahl Erika G. , Montplaisir Lisa 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFormative assessment has long been identified as a critical element to teaching for conceptual development in science. It is therefore important for university instructors to have an arsenal of formative assessment tools at their disposal which enable them to effectively uncover and diagnose all students' thinking, not just the most vocal or assertive. We illustrate the utility of one type of formative assessment prompt (reading question assignment) in producing high‐quality evidence of student thinking (student‐generated reading questions). Specifically, we characterized student assessment data using three distinct analytic frames to exemplify their effectiveness in diagnosing student learning in relationship to three sample learning outcomes. Our data will be useful for university faculty, particularly those engaged in teaching upper‐level biochemistry courses and their prerequisites, as they provide an alternative mechanism for uncovering and diagnosing student understanding. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(1):29–38, 2014
Determination of chromatographic dissociation constants of some carbapenem group antibiotics and quantification of these compounds in human urine
Authors: Çubuk Demiralay Ebru , Koç Duygu , Daldal Y. Doğan , Alsancak Güleren , Ozkan Sibel A. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe dissociation constant values (sspKa) of some carbapenem group drugs (ertapenem, meropenem, doripenem) in different percentages of methanol–water binary mixtures (18, 20 and 22%, v/v) were determined from the mobile phase pH dependence of their retention factor. Evaluation of these data was performed using the NLREG program. From calculated pKa values, the aqueous pKa values of these subtances were calculated by different approaches. Moreover, the correlation established between retention factor and the pH of the water–methanol mobile phase was used to determine the optimum separation conditions. In order to validate the optimized conditions, these drugs were studied in human urine. The chromatographic separation was realized using a Gemini NX C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particles) and UV detector set at 220 and 295 nm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving teaching–learning process through ICT methods assisted with CFD techniques for marine engineering courses
Authors: Gutiérrez J.E. , Zamora B. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis article presents a teaching–learning methodology for the subject “Hydrodynamic, Resistance and Propulsion” in the Degree of Naval Architecture. A new teaching approach is proposed, for ensuring that students acquire skills related to the ability of analyzing and designing different types of ships. The roles of both Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods are some specific features of the methodology. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:239–249, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21592
Chemoradiotherapy response in recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Yu Stanley K. T. , Bhangu Aneel , Tait Diana M. , Tekkis Paris , Wotherspoon Andrew , Brown Gina 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe efficacy of response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in recurrent versus primary rectal cancer has not been investigated. We compared radiological downsizing between primary and recurrent rectal cancers following CRT and determined the optimal size reduction threshold for response validated by survival outcomes. The proportional change in tumor length for primary and recurrent rectal cancers following CRT was compared using the independent sample t‐test. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier product limit method and differences between survival for tumor size reduction thresholds of 30% (response evaluation criteria in solid tumors [RECIST]), 40%, and 50% after CRT in primary and recurrent rectal cancer groups. A total of 385 patients undergoing CRT were analyzed, 99 with recurrent rectal cancer and 286 with primary rectal cancer. The mean proportional reduction in maximum craniocaudal length was significantly higher for primary rectal tumors (33%) compared with recurrent rectal cancer (11%) (P < 0.01). There was no difference in OS for either primary or recurrent rectal cancer when ≤30% or ≤40% definitions were used. However, for both primary and recurrent tumors, significant differences in median 3‐year OS were observed when a RECIST cut‐off of 50% was used. OS was 99% versus 77% in primary and 100% versus 42% in recurrent rectal cancer (P = 0.002 and P = 0.03, respectively). Only patients that demonstrated >50% size reduction showed a survival benefit. Recurrent rectal cancer appears radioresistant compared with primary tumors for tumor size after CRT. Further investigation into improving/intensifying chemotherapy and radiotherapy for locally recurrent rectal cancer is justified.
The tankyrase‐specific inhibitor JW74 affects cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis and differentiation in osteosarcoma cell lines
Authors: Wessel Stratford Eva , Daffinrud Jeanette , Munthe Else , Castro Russell , Waaler Jo , Krauss Stefan , Myklebost Ola 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWnt/β‐catenin is a major regulator of stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation and this signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in a several cancers, including osteosarcoma (OS). Attenuation of Wnt/β‐catenin activity by tankyrase inhibitors is an appealing strategy in treatment of OS. The efficacy of the tankyrase inhibitor JW74 was evaluated in three OS cell lines (KPD, U2OS, and SaOS‐2) both at the molecular and functional level. At the molecular level, JW74 induces stabilization of AXIN2, a key component of the β‐catenin destruction complex, resulting in reduced levels of nuclear β‐catenin. At the functional level, JW74 induces reduced cell growth in all three tested cell lines, in part due to a delay in cell cycle progression and in part due to an induction of caspase‐3‐mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, JW74 induces differentiation in U2OS cells, which under standard conditions are resistant to osteogenic differentiation. JW74 also enhances differentiation of OS cell lines, which do not harbor a differentiation block. Interestingly, microRNAs (miRNAs) of the let‐7 family, which are known tumor suppressors and inducers of differentiation, are significantly upregulated following treatment with JW74. We demonstrate for the first time that tankyrase inhibition triggers reduced cell growth and differentiation of OS cells. This may in part be due to an induction of let‐7 miRNA. The presented data open for novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of malignant OS.
HPV DNAtesting improvesCIN2+ risk stratification and detection ofCIN2+ in delayed triage ofASCUSandLSIL. A population‐based follow‐up study fromWesternNorway
Authors: Budal Elisabeth B. , Haugland Hans K. , Skar Robert , Mæhle Bjørn O. , Bjørge Tone , Vintermyr Olav K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractInNorway, Pap smears with atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS) and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) are triaged after 6 months. The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of implementing human papillomavirus (HPV) test (2005) in delayed triage ofASCUSandLSILin a cohort of women fromWesternNorway. After a survey of 119,469 cervical Pap smears during 2005–2007, a total of 1055 women with an indexASCUSorLSILwere included in the study and followed up for 3–6 years with respect to progression into cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). Overall sensitivity for detection ofCIN2+ withHPVtesting and cytology was 96% and 72%, respectively. The sensitivity for detection ofCIN2+ was not affected by age, but the specificity of theHPVtest increased with age. Thus, for the age groups <34 years, 34–50 years, and >50 years, the specificity of a positiveHPVtest to detectCIN2+ was 47%, 71%, and 82%, respectively. Positive predictive values forCIN2+ in women with positive cytology, positiveHPVtest, negative cytology, negativeHPVtest, or negativeHPVand cytology tests were 52%, 41%, 8%, 1.5%, and 0.4%, respectively.HPVtesting resulted in a net 22% increased detection ofCIN2+. Fifty‐six percent ofCIN2+ was detected at an earlier time point withHPVtesting in triage. Implementation ofHPVtesting in delayed triage ofASCUSandLSILimproved the stratification ofCIN2+ risk and increasedCIN2+ detection and at an earlier time point than with triage by cytology alone.
Modulation of Silver–Titania Nanoparticles on Polymethylhydrosiloxane‐based Semi‐Interpenetrating Networks for Catalytic Alkynylation of Trifluoromethyl Ketones and Aromatic Aldehydes in Water
Authors: Wang Hu , Yang Ke‐Fang , Li Li , Bai Ying , Zheng Zhan‐Jiang , Zhang Wei‐Qiang , Gao Zi‐Wei , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this work, we have developed a new approach to monodispersed hybrid Ag@TiO2 nanocomposites using a titanium‐promoted cross‐linking reduction in the SiH functional material, polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS)‐based semi‐interpenetrating networks (PMHSIPN). The titania was designed to be highly dispersed on the functional material and then the Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles were formed in uniform size and shape under mild conditions. The experimental results reveal that the nanosilver catalysts (the fabricated Ag@TiO2 located on the PMHSIPNs, namely, nanoAg@TiO2@PMHSIPN) have enhanced catalytic activities in the alkynylation of trifluoromethyl ketones or α,β‐unsaturated trifluoromethyl ketones with terminal alkynes. In this reaction, the hybrid Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited a high level of catalytic activity for the selective 1,2‐alkynylation of various trifluoromethyl ketones and α,β‐unsaturated trifluoromethyl ketones into a wide range of fluorinated alcohols in water. Finally, on the basis of the nanoAg@TiO2@PMHSIPN‐catalyzed alkynylation of trifluoromethyl ketones, we developed a new concept whereby highly reactive substrates act as a “reactive tractor” or “reactive springboard” to drive the transformation of poorly reactive substrates as springboard chemistry. Consequently, we found that trifluoromethyl ketone can be used as an efficient additive in the nanosilver‐catalyzed alkynylation of aldehydes.
Progression‐free survival as a surrogate endpoint of overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Halabi Susan , Rini Brian , Escudier Bernard , Stadler Walter M. , Small Eric J. 
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to investigate the dependence between progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and to explore whether PFS can be used as an intermediate endpoint of OS in this patient population.METHODSA total of 1381 patients from 2 prospective phase 3 trials (Cancer and Leukemia Group B [CALGB] 90206 and AVOREN) of interferon‐alpha with or without bevacizumab were analyzed. Both trials recruited previously untreated patients with clear cell mRCC with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2; adequate bone marrow, hepatic, cardiac, and renal function; and controlled blood pressure. The CALGB study served as the training data set, and the AVOREN study served as the testing data set. The dependence between PFS and OS was investigated using the Kendall tau for bivariate time‐to‐event endpoints.RESULTSIn the training data set, the median OS times among patients who experienced progressive disease at 3 months or 6 months were 6 months and 8 months, respectively, compared with 25 months and 30 months, respectively, (P < .001) in patients who did not develop disease progress. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were 2.6 (P < .0001) and 2.8 (P < .0001), respectively, for patients who did and did not progress at 3 months or 6 months. The dependence between PFS and OS was 0.53. These associations were confirmed in the testing data set.CONCLUSIONSIn patients with mRCC who were treated with interferon‐alpha with or without bevacizumab, the PFS at 3 months and 6 months was found to be predictive of OS. A high dependence between PFS and OS was observed, suggesting that PFS may be used as a surrogate endpoint for OS. Although this is a novel observation for RCC, these findings require validation in patients with mRCC who are treated with other targeted agents.Cancer2014;120:52–60. ©2013 American Cancer Society.
Efficient graphics processing unit based layered decoders for quasicyclic low‐density parity‐check codes
Authors: Li Rongchun , Dou Yong , Zou Dan , Wang Shi , Zhang Ying 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYBecause layered low‐density parity‐check (LDPC) decoding algorithm was proposed, one can exploit the diversity gain to achieve performance comparable to the traditional two‐phase message passing (TPMP) decoding but with about twice faster decoding convergence compared to TPMP. In order to reduce the decoding time of layered LDPC decoder, a graphics processing unit (GPU) is exploited as the modem processor so that the decoding procedure can be processed in parallel using numerous threads in the GPU. In this paper, we present the parallel algorithms and efficient implementations on the GPU for two different layered message passing schemes, the row‐layered and column‐layered decoding. In the experiments, the quasicyclic LDPC codes for WiFi (802.11n) and WiMAX (802.16e) are decoded by the proposed layered LDPC decoders. The experimental results show that our decoder has good bit error ratio (BER) performance comparable to TPMP decoder. The peak throughput is 712 Mbps, which is about two orders of magnitude faster than that of CPU implementation and comparable to the dedicated hardware solutions. Compared to the existing fastest GPU‐based implementation, the presented decoder can achieve a performance improvement of 2.3 times. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled Interfacial Electron Dynamics in Highly Efficient Zn2SnO4‐Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Shin Seong Sik , Kim Dong Wook , Hwang Daesub , Suk Jae Ho , Oh Lee Seul , Han Byung Suh , Kim Dong Hoe , Kim Ju Seong , Kim Dongho , Kim Jin Young , Hong Kug Sun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAmong ternary oxides, Zn2SnO4 (ZSO) is considered for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) because of its wide bandgap, high optical transmittance, and high electrical conductivity. However, ZSO‐based DSSCs have a poor performance record owing largely to the absence of systematic efforts to enhance their performance. Herein, general strategies are proposed to improve the performance of ZSO‐based DSSCs involving interfacial engineering/modification of the photoanode. A conformal ZSO thin film (blocking layer) deposited at the fluorine‐doped tin oxide–electrolyte interface by pulsed laser deposition suppressed the back‐electron transfer effectively while maintaining a high optical transmittance, which resulted in a 22 % improvement in the short‐circuit photocurrent density. Surface modification of ZSO nanoparticles (NPs) resulted in an ultrathin ZnO shell layer, a 9 % improvement in the open‐circuit voltage, and a 4 % improvement in the fill factor because of the reduced electron recombination at the ZSO NPs–electrolyte interface. The ZSO‐based DSSCs exhibited a faster charge injection and electron transport than their TiO2‐based counterparts, and their superior properties were not inhibited by the ZnO shell layer, which indicates their feasibility for highly efficient DSSCs. Each interfacial engineering strategy could be applied to the ZSO‐based DSSC independently to lead to an improved conversion efficiency of 6 %, a very high conversion efficiency for a non‐TiO2 based DSSC.
A phase‐space model to describe bang‐bang phase detectors
Authors: Sánchez‐Azqueta Carlos , Gimeno Cecilia , Aldea Concepción , Celma Santiago 
Published: December 2013

SummaryA phase detector (PD) is a key element in the structure of phase‐locked loops (PLLs) and, in particular, of PLL‐based clock and data recovery circuits (CDRs). Thanks to their good properties in terms of robustness and ease of design, bang‐bang PDs (BBPDs) are the most common choice for the implementation of a PD in such systems. The operation of BBPDs is typically modelled only in terms of the phase difference between their inputs; however, this approach is not sufficient to describe their dynamic behaviour completely. To address this issue, this paper introduces a more comprehensive model of the operation of BBPDs that takes into account phase as well as frequency differences between their inputs, leading to a two‐dimensional description of the output of BBPDs. Numerical simulations of the operation of a CDR have been realised to evaluate the validity of the model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐efficient multi‐level and distance‐aware clustering mechanism for WSNs
Authors: Mehmood Amjad , Khan S. , Shams Bilal , Lloret Jaime 
Published: December 2013

SummaryMost sensor networks are deployed at hostile environments to sense and gather specific information. As sensor nodes have battery constraints, therefore, the research community is trying to propose energy‐efficient solutions for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to prolong the lifetime of the network. In this paper, we propose an energy‐efficient multi‐level and distance‐aware clustering (EEMDC) mechanism for WSNs. In this mechanism, the area of the network is divided into three logical layers, which depends upon the hop‐count‐based distance from the base station. The simulation outcomes show that EEMDC is more energy efficient than other existing conventional approaches. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in eating disordered patients: A descriptive study
Authors: Norris Mark L. , Robinson Amy , Obeid Nicole , Harrison Megan , Spettigue Wendy , Henderson Katherine 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess and compare clinical characteristics of patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) to those with anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodA retrospective review of adolescent eating disorder (ED) patients assessed between 2000 and 2011 that qualified for a diagnosis of ARFID was completed. A matched AN sample was used to compare characteristics between groups.ResultsTwo hundred and five patients met inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail. Of these, 34 (5%) patients met criteria for ARFID. A matched sample of 36 patients with AN was used to draw comparisons. Patients with ARFID were younger than those with AN, more likely to present before age 12, and more likely to be male. Patients in both groups presented at low weights. Common eating‐specific behaviors and symptoms in the ARFID group included food avoidance, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and fear of vomiting. Rates of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and medical morbidity were high in both groups. Almost 80% of AN patients and one‐third of ARFID patients required hospital admission as a result of medical instability. Symptom profiles in 4/34 ARFID patients resulted in eventual reclassification to AN.DiscussionThis study supports the notion that a small percentage of adolescent patients presenting with restrictive eating disorders meet criteria for ARFID. Patients are younger than average, more likely to be male compared to adolescent AN samples, and have high rates of psychiatric and medical morbidity. The study also suggests that a proportion of patients evolve into AN as treatment progresses. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:495–499)
Positional distribution of fatty acids on hoki and tuna oil triglycerides by pancreatic lipase and 13C NMR analysis
Authors: Tengku‐Rozaina Tengku Mohamad , Birch Edward John 
Published: December 2013

Positional distribution of fatty acids in hoki and tuna oils was carried out in the present study via pancreatic lipase hydrolysis and 13Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy. The two methods gave consistent results for hoki but conflicting values for tuna oil. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were generally enriched at sn‐2 while MUFA were preferentially located at sn‐1,3 for hoki by pancreatic lipase treatment. Of the PUFA, DHA in hoki oil was significantly located at sn‐2 position, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was randomly distributed via both methods. DHA and EPA in tuna oil were both preferentially located at sn‐2 position by NMR spectroscopy. The NMR results for n‐3 PUFA were in general agreement with other fish oils studied where DHA showed preference for sn‐2 but EPA displayed preferential differences among species. The ratio of DHA in hoki oil at sn‐2 position was higher than tuna oil, thus enhancing its bioavailability. The opposite was the case for EPA. For pancreatic lipase hydrolysis of tuna oil, results showed that both DHA and EPA were incompletely recovered along with other PUFA confirming that pancreatic lipase hydrolysis is an unreliable method for positional distribution determination in tuna oil compared to 13C NMR analysis. The ratio of long chain PUFA to triglycerides exceeds 1:1 in tuna oil, causing steric hindrance for hydrolysis of the long chain PUFA residue at sn‐1,3 position.Practical applications: Fish oil contains bioactive omega‐3 fatty acids (DHA and EPA), however bioavailability and oxidative stability of these omega‐3 fatty acids depends on their positional distribution. Pancreatic lipase has been used in determination of positional distribution of fatty acids in fish oil, but this method involves heat and is time consuming and not suitable for fish oil with more than one molecule of PUFA in a single triglyceride. NMR has gained popularity in positional distribution determination of n‐3 fatty acids in fish oil as it is a rapid and non‐destructive method compared to the conventional chemical and enzymatic methods.
A novel approach for studying the indoor dispersion of aroma through computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Plana‐Fattori Artemio , Trelea Ioan C. , Le Page Jean‐François , Souchon Isabelle , Pollien Philippe , Ali Santo , Ramaioli Marco , Pionnier‐Pineau Estelle , Hartmann Christoph , Flick Denis 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTWe propose a mechanistic modelling approach for studying the indoor dispersion of aroma compounds which are released from, for instance, food products. The approach combines the indoor velocity field with a release model for aroma compounds. The release mass flux is expressed as a function of key variables such as mass transfer and gas–liquid partition coefficients, and the source geometry. The transport properties of ambient air are assumed to be independent of the aroma concentration; hence release and dispersion problems can be solved separately. First, the velocity field is obtained as solution of the fluid flow problem through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The turbulent velocity field is then used to predict the time evolution of concentration of an aroma compound released by a constant rate source, in an initially aroma‐free environment. These results are interpreted in terms of a step response function. The aroma concentration as a function of time is finally estimated by convolving the possibly time‐varying release mass flux and the response function associated with the position of interest. The modelling approach is flexible and computationally effective, since different release models as well as the release of distinct aroma compounds can be directly studied by taking into account a same velocity field, without any additional CFD simulation. The validity of the approach is assessed from measurements of aroma concentration in a 140 m3 room, under constant release mass flux. The approach is also illustrated for a case where the release mass flux is not constant in time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.