bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cs2.91Na1.34Fe3+0.25[Fe3O(SO4)6(H2O)3]·5H2O, a member of the Maus's salt family
Authors: Mereiter Kurt 
Published: September 2013

The title compound, tricaesium sodium iron(III) μ3-oxido-hexa-μ2-sulfato-tris[aquairon(III)] pentahydrate, Cs2.91Na1.34Fe3+0.25[Fe3O(SO4)6(H2O)3]·5H2O, belongs to the family of Maus's salts, K5[Fe3O(SO4)6(H2O)3]·6H2O, which is based on the triaqua-μ3-oxido-hexa-μ-sulfato-triferrate(III) anion, [Fe3O(SO4)6(H2O)3]5−, with Fe in a characteristically distorted octahedral coordination environment, sharing a common cornerviaan oxide O atom. Cs in four different cation sites, Na in three different cation sites and five water molecules link the anions in three dimensions and set up a crystal structure in which those parts parallel to (001) and within 0.05 <z< 0.95 have a distinct trigonal pseudosymmetry, whereas the cation arrangement and bonding nearz∼ 0 generate a clear-cut noncentrosymmetric polar edifice with the monoclinic space groupC2. The structure shows some cation disorder in the region nearz ∼ {1\over 2}, where one Na atom in octahedral coordination is partly substituted by Fe3+, and a Cs atom is substituted by small amounts of Na on a separate nearby site. One Na atom, located on a twofold axis atz= 0 and tetrahedrally coordinated by four sulfate O atoms of two [Fe3O(SO4)6(H2O)3]5−units, plays a key role in generating the noncentrosymmetric structure. Three of the seven different cation sites are on twofold axes (one Na+site and two Cs+sites), and all other atoms of the structure are in general positions.
When does diversity matter? Species functional diversity and ecosystem functioning across habitats and seasons in a field experiment
Authors: Frainer André , McKie Brendan G. , Malmqvist Björn 
Published: September 2013

Summary

Despite ample experimental evidence indicating that biodiversity might be an important driver of ecosystem processes, its role in the functioning of real ecosystems remains unclear. In particular, the understanding of which aspects of biodiversity are most important for ecosystem functioning, their importance relative to other biotic and abiotic drivers, and the circumstances under which biodiversity is most likely to influence functioning in nature, is limited.

We conducted a field study that focussed on a guild of insect detritivores in streams, in which we quantified variation in the process of leaf decomposition across two habitats (riffles and pools) and two seasons (autumn and spring). The study was conducted in six streams, and the same locations were sampled in the two seasons.

With the aid of structural equations modelling, we assessed spatiotemporal variation in the roles of three key biotic drivers in this process: functional diversity, quantified based on a species trait matrix, consumer density and biomass. Our models also accounted for variability related to different litter resources, and other sources of biotic and abiotic variability among streams.

All three of our focal biotic drivers influenced leaf decomposition, but none was important in all habitats and seasons. Functional diversity had contrasting effects on decomposition between habitats and seasons. A positive relationship was observed in pool habitats in spring, associated with high trait dispersion, whereas a negative relationship was observed in riffle habitats during autumn.

Our results demonstrate that functional biodiversity can be as significant for functioning in natural ecosystems as other important biotic drivers. In particular, variation in the role of functional diversity between seasons highlights the importance of fluctuations in the relative abundances of traits for ecosystem process rates in real ecosystems.
Linking habitat selection and predation risk to spatial variation in survival
Authors: DeCesare Nicholas J. , Hebblewhite Mark , Bradley Mark , Hervieux David , Neufeld Lalenia , Musiani Marco 
Published: September 2013

Summary

A central assumption underlying the study of habitat selection is that selected habitats confer enhanced fitness. Unfortunately, this assumption is rarely tested, and in some systems, gradients of predation risk may more accurately characterize spatial variation in vital rates than gradients described by habitat selection studies.

Here, we separately measured spatial patterns of both resource selection and predation risk and tested their relationships with a key demographic trait, adult female survival, for a threatened ungulate, woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou Gmelin). We also evaluated whether exposure to gradients in both predation risk and resource selection value was manifested temporally through instantaneous or seasonal effects on survival outcomes.

We used Cox proportional hazards spatial survival modelling to assess the relative support for 5 selection‐ and risk‐based definitions of habitat quality, as quantified by woodland caribou adult female survival. These hypotheses included scenarios in which selection ideally mirrored survival, risk entirely drove survival, non‐ideal selection correlated with survival but with additive risk effects, an ecological trap with maladaptive selection and a non‐spatial effect of annual variation in weather.

Indeed, we found positive relationships between the predicted values of a resource selection function (RSF) and survival, yet subsequently incorporating an additional negative effect of predation risk greatly improved models further. This revealed a positive, but non‐ideal relationship between selection and survival. Gradients in these covariates were also shown to affect individual survival probability at multiple temporal scales. Exposure to increased predation risk had a relatively instantaneous effect on survival outcomes, whereas variation in habitat suitability predicted by an RSF had both instantaneous and longer‐term seasonal effects on survival.

Predation risk was an additive source of hazard beyond that detected through selection alone, and woodland caribou selection thus was shown to be non‐ideal. Furthermore, by combining spatial adult female survival models with herd‐specific estimates of recruitment in matrix population models, we estimated a spatially explicit landscape of population growth predictions for this endangered species.
Climate Change Adaptive Capacity in Santiago de Chile: Creating a Governance Regime for Sustainability Planning
Authors: Barton Jonathan R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractFor most urban areas, the challenges of adaptation are as urgent as those of mitigation. This is particularly the case where adaptive capacity is weak, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries, and the benefits of global mitigation in the short term will be experienced beyond 2050. A focus on adaptive capacity‐building in these vulnerable settings is imperative. Much of the emphasis in climate change since the early 1990s has been on basic science and how public policy should respond to it; less attention has been paid to the governance implications and connections with wider development processes. This article explores the governance challenges of adaptation in the Santiago Metropolitan Region. It points to weaknesses in the water and energy sectors, which have highly sectoral, horizontally unintegrated institutional structures and instruments that pose significant challenges for adaptation. Such cases point to the need to engage with both the wider planning concerns of existing development strategies and the basic elements of transdisciplinarity, finance and human capital‐building, in order to forge a more integrated adaptation response. Without an engagement with the governance issue and wider debates around metropolitan planning and socioeconomic development, it is unlikely the response will move beyond a limited physical infrastructure investment programme.
Self‐Interest vs. Greed and the Limitations of the Invisible Hand
Authors: Clements Matthew T. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMarkets can only function well if there is an appropriate legal framework to restrict the behavior of market participants; however, the legal framework is inevitably inadequate. A “greedy” market participant that seeks to gain at the expense of others can usually find some way to do so. This might be done within the legal framework, or it might involve a violation of the law that is difficult to enforce. Since the legal system does not generally guarantee that markets can function efficiently, there is a role for other institutions to foster a more enlightened self‐interest as a social norm and thus improve efficiency.
Some Useful Concepts for Development Economics in the Tradition ofLatinAmerican Structuralism
Authors: Vera Leonardo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe aim of this article is to provide a selective account of some of the most important conceptual contributions of theLatinAmerican structuralist tradition to the area of development economics. We argue that this account may help modern development economics theory overcome visible limitations and develop in a more fruitful way. We trace back the origin of these conceptualizations and identify some recent and scant efforts to incorporate them into the mainstream economic development literature. We try to clarify the meaning of the concepts and amplify their current economic significance for developing countries. The constructs selected are: (1) structural change, (2) structural disequilibrium, (3) bottlenecks, (4) structural heterogeneity, (5) endogenous nucleus of technological dynamization, (6) social disarticulation, and (7) conflict‐led instability.
Double Movement, Globalization, and the Crisis
Authors: Özgür Gökçer , Özel Hüseyin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article asks whether the process of financial globalization and its recent crisis can be explained by Karl Polanyi's notion of the double movement and argues, in tune with this notion, that capitalist market relations depend on certain institutional arrangements and yet the development of the market forces deteriorates these institutions' arrangements to such extent that even the “capitalist business itself had to be sheltered from the unrestricted working of the market mechanism” (Polanyi 1944: 193).
European Periphery Crises, International Financial Markets, and Democracy
Authors: Garcia‐Arias Jorge , Fernandez‐Huerga Eduardo , Salvador Ana 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article analyzes the origin and causes of the recent economic and financial crises, mainly for the countries located in the periphery of the European Union (EU), as well as their evolution and transformation into social, political, and institutional crises.After explaining the differential impact of the crises on EU economies, we analyze how the economic policies developed thus far not only are unable to resolve the current crisis pattern but also actually entail a risk to the present democratic models by transferring the legitimate control over governments from citizens and democratic parliaments to unelected, nonrepresentative international financial markets.
Political Consumerism in Context: An Experiment on Status and Information in Ethical Consumption Decisions
Authors: Hudson Mark , Hudson Ian , Edgerton Jason D. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article investigates two possible explanations for willingness to engage in ethical consumption: increased status and improved information about the benefits of ethical consumption for producers and for nature. We approach our hypotheses through an experimental method in which people are asked, under varying conditions, to choose between fair trade and “conventional” coffee. Unexpectedly, status and information provision did not significantly affect consumption decisions. Implications of our findings for the ethical consumption literature and strategies aimed at increasing ethical consumption are discussed.
Perioperative hypothermia in patients undergoing major colorectal surgery
Authors: Mehta Ojas H. , Barclay Karen L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative hypothermia occurs frequently and can have serious health‐related and financial consequences. Despite multiple warming methods available, perioperative hypothermia remains prevalent. To be effective, preventative measures must be timely and target patients most at risk. The aim of this retrospective review was to document the incidence and patterns of hypothermia in patients undergoing major colorectal surgery.MethodsHospital records were used to obtain demographic and clinical information on 255 patients undergoing major colorectal surgery over one year. Temperatures were recorded from five perioperative time‐points and correlated with potential contributing factors.ResultsMost patients (74%) experienced mild hypothermia, which was most common intraoperatively. Elective patients experienced the greatest drop in temperature between admission and commencement of surgery while emergency patients experienced a similar drop intraoperatively. The most significant determinant of intraoperative hypothermia was core temperature at the start of surgery (P < 0.01). Factors increasing hypothermia at the start of surgery were an elective presentation, an arrival temperature below 36.5°C (P < 0.01) and an age greater than 70 years (P < 0.05).ConclusionsMild hypothermia in patients undergoing major colorectal surgery is common, despite preventative measures. Core temperatures prior to commencement of the operation should be optimized with both active and passive warming measures, particularly for older patients and those arriving with lower core temperatures. Elective patients should also have their temperatures monitored as closely, if not more closely, than emergency patients. Preventing early declining trends in core temperature may positively influence later perioperative temperatures and improve outcomes.
Fixed‐angle locking proximal humerus plate: an evaluation of functional results and implant‐related outcomes
Authors: Pak Ponnaren , Eng Kevin , Page Richard S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundDisplaced and unstable proximal humeral fractures are challenging injuries to treat. Proximal humeral locking plates are a recent development for the treatment of these complex fractures.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 23 patients with 23 proximal humeral fractures treated with the Synthes locking proximal humerus plate. These were Neer two‐, three‐ and four‐part fractures. Follow‐up was at a mean of 22 months and included clinical assessment using the Constant score (CS) and the Short Form‐12 health questionnaire. Radiographic assessment was performed to assess implant‐related complication in relation to the initial fracture pattern and the presence of adequate medial support.ResultsThe mean CS for all patients was 60.4 (range, 29–85). The mean adjusted CS was 82% (range, 30–117), active forward flexion 127 degrees and the active abduction 115 degrees. Initial fracture pattern, the presence or absence of adequate medial support and age did not significantly influence the clinical scores. Complications included one infection, two cases of avascular necrosis, two cases of varus collapse with screw penetration and one non‐union. The overall reoperation rate was 26%. There was an increased rate of complications in those with inadequate medial support (P = 0.0183) and a trend to higher complication rates in four‐part fractures.ConclusionUsing the locking proximal humerus plate for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures is an acceptable procedure with comparable outcomes with historical controls, but with a complication rate of 30%. More important than implant selection, however, is the ability to achieve a stable reduction with calcar support.
Soy and soy isoflavones in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: van Die M. Diana , Bone Kerry M. , Williams Scott G. , Pirotta Marie V. 
Published: September 2013

Objective
To evaluate the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of soy/isoflavones in men with prostate cancer (PCa) or with a clinically identified risk of PCa.
Patients and Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and the Cochrane Library databases were searched.
We identified RCTs investigating soy/soy isoflavones as dietary supplements or dietary components for the secondary prevention or treatment of PCa in men with PCa or with a clinically identified risk of developing PCa. Studies of multi‐component formulations were excluded.
Six authors were contacted for further information for the meta‐analyses.
Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk‐of‐ bias tool.
The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews was followed.
Results
Of the eight RCTs that met the inclusion criteria, six restricted recruitment to men diagnosed with PCa, while two included men with clinically identified risk of PCa.
A large degree of heterogeneity was found with respect to dosages and preparations of soy/isoflavones administered.
Most studies had small sample sizes and were of short duration.
The risk of bias was assessed as low in all assessed studies except for one, for which the risk of bias was unclear. Meta‐analyses of the two studies including men with identified risk of PCa found a significant reduction in PCa diagnosis after administration of soy/soy isoflavones (risk ratio = 0.49, 95% CI 0.26, 0.95).
Meta‐analyses indicated no significant differences between groups for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels or sex steroid endpoints (sex hormone‐binding globulin [SHBG], testosterone, free testosterone, oestradiol and dihydrotestosterone).
Conclusions
The results of a meta‐analysis of two studies suggest there may be support for epidemiological findings of a potential role for soy/soy isoflavones in PCa risk reduction; however, a clear understanding of the impact of soy/isoflavones on PSA, total testosterone, free testosterone and SHBG levels in men with, or at identified risk of, PCa could not be derived from these data, given the limitations of sample size and study duration in individual trials.
A good safety profile is shown by this meta‐analysis for soy/soy isoflavones supplementation.
Evaluation of ABO blood group as a prognostic marker in renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
Authors: de Martino Michela , Waldert Matthias , Haitel Andrea , Schatzl Georg , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Klatte Tobias 
Published: September 2013

Objective
To evaluate ABO blood group as a prognostic marker in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
Patients and Methods
This retrospective study included 556 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for RCC at a single institution.
The associations of ABO blood group with clinical and pathological variables were assessed using Kruskal–Wallis and chi‐squared tests.
The impact on overall survival (OS) and RCC‐specific survival (RCC‐SS) was analysed using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.
Results
Blood group O was associated with the absence of lymph node metastases (P = 0.034) and the presence of bilateral RCC (P = 0.017). No associations with age, gender, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, T stage, M stage, grade and histological subtype were observed.
In univariable and multivariable survival analysis, ABO blood group was not associated with OS and RCC‐SS.
Conclusions
In the present study, ABO blood group was not linked with RCC prognosis.
Blood group O may be associated with the absence of lymph node metastases and the presence of bilateral RCC.
External validation in larger cohorts is necessary.
Possible pathogenic role of T helper type 9 cells and interleukin (IL)-9 in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Ma L , Xue H-B , Guan X-H , Shu C-M , Zhang J-H , Yu J 
Published: September 2013

SummaryT helper type 9 (Th9) cells are a novel identified subset of CD4+ T helper cells, which could partly contribute to allergic inflammation, while the precise contribution of Th9 cells in atopic dermatitis (AD) remains unknown. We aimed to explore the possible role of Th9 cells in AD pathogenesis. The Th9 cell percentage, transcription factor PU.1 and cytokine interleukin (IL)-9 mRNA levels, as well as IL-9 serum concentration in peripheral circulation, were measured in AD patients, psoriasis patients and healthy controls. The Th9 cell percentage, PU.1 and IL-9 expression levels of AD patients were all increased significantly compared with the other two control groups (P &lt; 0·01), and correlated positively with SCORing Atopic Dermatitis index, serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) levels (P &lt; 0·05). In simple AD patients and AD patients complicated by allergic rhinitis or asthma, there were no significant differences in the Th9 cell percentage, PU.1 and IL-9 expression levels between them. At the same time, IL-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA levels were detected in AD lesions and normal skin samples, which were both distinctly elevated in AD lesions, and there was a positive association between them (P &lt; 0·01). Keratinocytes were cultured with IL-9 stimulation and the secretion of VEGF was detected. IL-9 can promote the secretion of VEGF by keratinocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the expansion of the Th9 cell subset, up-regulation of the PU.1 transcription factor and increased secretion of the IL-9 cytokine may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, which may be supported by the increased release of VEGF by keratinocyes after IL-9 stimulation.
A Human Clinical, Histological, Histomorphometrical, and Radiographical Study on BiphasicHA‐Beta‐TCP30/70 in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation
Authors: Mangano Carlo , Sinjari Bruna , Shibli Jamil A. , Mangano Francesco , Hamisch Sabine , Piattelli Adriano , Perrotti Vittoria , Iezzi Giovanna 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundBy mixing hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics can be obtained, and by varying their ratio it is possible to tailor the characteristics of the biomaterial.PurposeThe aim of the present human study was to evaluate the histological and radiographical aspects of bone formation in maxillary sinus augmentation using a 30/70HA‐beta‐TCPwith a reticular structure.Materials and MethodsA total of 12 patients, undergoing two‐stage sinus augmentation procedure usingHA‐beta‐TCPat a ratio of 30/70, were included in the present study. After a 6‐month healing period, during implant insertion, radiographical analysis was performed, and then the bone core biopsies were harvested and processed for histology.ResultsAt radiographic evaluation, the bone gain was on average 6.85 ± 0.60 mm.HA‐beta‐TCP30/70 appeared to be lined by newly formed bone, with no gaps at the interface. The histomorphometric analysis revealed 26 ± 2% of residual grafted biomaterial, 29 ± 3% of newly formed bone, and 45 ± 2% of marrow spaces.ConclusionsThe present results indicate histologically the high biocompatibility and osteoconductivity ofHA‐beta‐TCP30/70, and clinically its successful use for sinus augmentation procedures.