bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond prejudice: Relational inequality, collective action, and social change revisited
Authors: Dixon John , Levine Mark , Reicher Steve , Durrheim Kevin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis response clarifies, qualifies, and develops our critique of the limits of intergroup liking as a means of challenging intergroup inequality. It does not dispute that dominant groups may espouse negative attitudes towards subordinate groups. Nor does it dispute that prejudice reduction can be an effective way of tackling resulting forms of intergroup hostility. What it does dispute is the assumption that getting dominant group members and subordinate group members to like each other more is the best way of improving intergroup relations that are characterized by relatively stable, institutionally embedded, relations of inequality. In other words, the main target of our critique is themodel of changethat underlies prejudice reduction interventions and the mainstream concept of “prejudice” on which they are based.
Ignorance, denial, internalisation, and transcendence: a post-structural perspective on Polanyi's double movement
Authors: HOLMES CHRISTOPHER 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this article, I suggest what an engagement between post-structuralism and the work of Karl Polanyi might look like. I do this by presenting a reading of Polanyi's concept of ‘double movement’ as a form of problematisation through binary opposition. I suggest that the central opposition that the double movement depicts – between economy and society as reflected in processes of marketisation and social protection – presents itself in such a way that the problems emanating from the opposition can only be solved through its transcendence. On one hand, the terms of transcendence are limited by the terms of the opposition. On the other hand, since transcendence is never reached, the double movement problematisation stabilises the existence of a lacuna between the lived experience of market society and the discursive field of that market society. As such, the form of the problematisation places a double-limit upon the ways in which ‘solutions’ can be presented. I present this thesis in relation to two instances of double movement discussed by Polanyi in his book,The Great Transformation. I then apply the argument to invocations of the economy-society opposition in contemporary political economic discourse, where it remains as ubiquitous as ever.
Comprehensive dental evaluation of children with congenital or acquired heart disease
Authors: Cantekin Kenan , Cantekin Isin , Torun Yasemin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this case–control study were to (a) compare the caries experience and oral hygiene, and (b) quantify the persistence of a delay in the dental age in children with cardiac disease and a group of healthy children.Methods and MaterialsThe study population comprised a group of 268 3- to 16-year-old children and adolescents with a cardiac disease and a group of 268 age- and sex-matched healthy children and adolescents. Specifically, the decayed, missed, and filled teeth indices, simplified oral hygiene index, and the dental ages of the two groups of children were calculated and then compared.ResultsAlthough the oral health of the children with either a congenital or an acquired heart disease was the same as that of the healthy children, there were significant differences in the decayed, missed, and filled teeth indices. Dental ages of the children with a congenital heart disease were significantly lower than those of healthy children. The findings showed that complex univentricular heart diseases had the highest negative impact on dental development (−1.1), followed by complex biventricular (−0.9), simple surgical (−0.5), and mild (−0.4) heart disease patients.ConclusionOnce thorough knowledge of the child's cardiac status is gained, a definitive dental treatment plan for the child with a cardiac disease can be established.
From Denmark to Delhi: the multisectoral challenge of regulatingtransfats in India
Authors: Downs Shauna M , Thow Anne Marie , Ghosh-Jerath Suparna , McNab Justin , Reddy K Srinath , Leeder Stephen R 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveIndia has proposed legislating an upper limit oftransfat in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils and mandatingtransfat labelling in an effort to reduce intakes. The objective of the present study was to examine the complexities of regulatingtransfat in India by examining the policy processes involved and the perceived implementation challenges.DesignSemi-structured interviews (n18) were conducted with key informants from various sectors. Interviewees were asked about sources oftransfat in the food supply, existing policies that may influencetransfats and perceived challenges related to the proposedtransfat regulation, in addition to questions tailored to their area of expertise. Interview data were organised based on common themes.SettingInterviews were conducted in India.SubjectsInterviewees were key informants from various sectors including agriculture, trade, industry and health.ResultsSeveral themes were identified related to the complexity of regulatingtransfat in India. A lack oftransfat awareness, the large unorganised retail sector, a need for suitable alternative products that are both acceptable to consumers and affordable, and a need to build capacity were crucial factors affecting India's ability to successfully regulatetransfat. The limited number of food inspectors will create an additional challenge in terms of enforcement oftransfat regulation.ConclusionsAlthough India will face challenges in regulatingtransfat, legislating an upper limit oftransfat in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils will likely be the most effective approach to reducing it in the food supply. Ongoing engagement with industry, agriculture, trade and processing sectors will prove essential in terms of product reformulation.
Chronic valproate attenuates some, but not all, facets of mania-like behaviour in mice
Authors: van Enkhuizen Jordy , Geyer Mark A. , Kooistra Klaas , Young Jared W. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) mania is a psychiatric disorder with multifaceted symptoms. Development of targeted treatments for BD mania may benefit from animal models that mimic multiple symptoms, as opposed to hyperactivity alone. Using the reverse-translated multivariate exploratory paradigm, the behavioural pattern monitor (BPM), we reported that patients with BD mania exhibit hyperactivity as well as increased specific exploration and more linear movements through space. This abnormal profile is also observed in mice with reduced function of the dopamine transporter (DAT) through either constitutive genetic [knockdown (KD)] or acute pharmacological (GBR12909) means. Here, we assessed the pharmacological predictive validity of these models by administering the BD-treatment valproic acid (VPA) for 28 d. After 1.5% VPA- or regular-chow treatment for 28 d, C57BL/6J mice received GBR12909 (9 mg/kg) or saline and were tested in the BPM. Similarly, DAT KD and wild type (WT) littermates were treated with VPA-chow and tested in the BPM. GBR12909-treated and DAT KD mice on regular chow were hyperactive, exhibited increased specific exploration and moved in straighter patterns compared to saline-treated and WT mice respectively. Chronic 1.5% VPA-chow treatment resulted in therapeutic concentrations of VPA and ameliorated hyperactivity in both models, while specific exploration and behavioural organization remained unaffected. Hence, the mania-like profile of mice with reduced functional DAT was partially attenuated by chronic VPA treatment, consistent with the incomplete symptomatic effect of VPA treatment in BD patients. Both DAT models may help to identify therapeutics that impact the full spectrum of BD mania.
Neural markers of negative symptom outcomes in distributed working memory brain activity of antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia patients
Authors: Nejad Ayna B. , Madsen Kristoffer H. , Ebdrup Bjørn H. , Siebner Hartwig R. , Rasmussen Hans , Aggernæs Bodil , Glenthøj Birte Y. , Baaré William F. C. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Since working memory deficits in schizophrenia have been linked to negative symptoms, we tested whether features of the one could predict the treatment outcome in the other. Specifically, we hypothesized that working memory-related functional connectivity at pre-treatment can predict improvement of negative symptoms in antipsychotic-treated patients. Fourteen antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia were clinically assessed before and after 7 months of quetiapine monotherapy. At baseline, patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a verbal n-back task. Spatial independent component analysis identified task-modulated brain networks. A linear support vector machine was trained with these components to discriminate six patients who showed improvement in negative symptoms from eight non-improvers. Classification accuracy and significance was estimated by leave-one-out cross-validation and permutation tests, respectively. Two frontoparietal and one default mode network components predicted negative symptom improvement with a classification accuracy of 79% (p = 0.003). Discriminating features were found in the frontoparietal networks but not the default mode network. These preliminary data suggest that functional patterns at baseline can predict negative symptom treatment–response in schizophrenia. This information may be used to stratify patients into subgroups thereby facilitating personalized treatment.
Relevance of improved epidemiological knowledge to sustainable control ofHaemonchus contortusin Nigeria
Authors: Bolajoko M. B. , Morgan E. R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNigeria experiences losses in small ruminant production as a result of a high prevalence of infection withHaemonchus contortus, but there have been very few investigative studies into the epidemiology ofH. contortusin Nigeria, particularly in the south and western parts of the country. For successful planning and execution of control of hemonchosis in Nigeria, there is a need for insight into the epidemiology of free-living stages under the prevailing local conditions and models for climatic and environmental factors that control the risk of hemonchosis and distribution ofH. contortus. In this review, we assess previous studies on the epidemiology ofH. contortusin Nigeria, evaluate the present climatic and epidemiological situation, and highlight areas that require further investigative studies. The goal is to identify factors that underpin better control strategies and holistic integrated farm-management practice. Previous studies onH. contortusprovided important information for formulation of control strategies and development toward integrated parasite management. However, this review has revealed the need for holistic evaluation of the current epidemiology and prevalence ofH. contortusin Nigeria, particularly in relation to climate change. Accurate information is needed to build useful predictive models of the population dynamics of all free-living stages, particularly theL3.
Investigating the Broken-Heart Effect: a Model for Short-Term Dependence between the Remaining Lifetimes of Joint Lives
Authors: Spreeuw Jaap , Owadally Iqbal 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe analyze the mortality of couples by fitting a multiple state model to a large insurance data set. We find evidence that mortality rates increase after the death of a partner and, in addition, that this phenomenon diminishes over time. This is popularly known as a “broken-heart” effect and we find that it affects widowers more than widows. Remaining lifetimes of joint lives therefore exhibit short-term dependence. We carry out numerical work involving the pricing and valuation of typical contingent assurance contracts and of a joint life and survivor annuity. If insurers ignore dependence, or mis-specify it as long-term dependence, then significant mis-pricing and inappropriate provisioning can result. Detailed numerical results are presented.
A numerical modeling study of the East Australian Current encircling and overwashing a warm‐core eddy
Authors: Macdonald H. S. , Roughan M. , Baird M. E. , Wilkin J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWarm‐core eddies (WCEs) often form in the meanders of Western Boundary Currents (WBCs). WCEs are frequently overwashed with less dense waters sourced from the WBC. We use the Regional Ocean Modelling System to investigate the ocean state during the overwashing of one such WCE in October 2008 in the East Australian Current (EAC). Comparisons of model outputs with satellite sea surface temperature and vertical profiles show that the model provides a realistic simulation of the eddy during the period when the EAC encircled and then overwashed the eddy. During the encircling stage, an eddy with closed circulation persisted at depth. In the surface EAC water entered from the north, encircled the eddy and exited to the east. The overwashing stage was initiated by the expulsion of cyclonic vorticity. For the following 8 days after the expulsion, waters from the EAC washed over the top of the eddy, transferring heat and anticyclonic vorticity radially‐inward. After approximately one rotation period of overwashing, the eddy separated. The overwashing creates a two‐layer system that forms a subsurface maximum velocity at the interface of the two layers. Analysis of water mass properties, Eulerian tracer dynamics, and Lagrangian particle tracks show that the original eddy sinks 10–50 m during the overwashing period. Overwashing has been observed in many WBCs and occurs in most WCEs in the western Tasman Sea.
Erratum: Significant and persistent impact of timber harvesting on soil microbial communities in Northern coniferous forests
Authors: Hartmann Martin , Howes Charles G , VanInsberghe David , Yu Hang , Bachar Dipankar , Christen Richard , Henrik Nilsson Rolf , Hallam Steven J , Mohn William W 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 2199–2218; doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.84; published online 2 August 2012 Since the publication of this article, the authors have noticed errors in two sentences that appeared within the online version of their paper. The errors have now been rectified, and the correct article appears in this issue.
Metal insertion into the molybdenum cofactor: product–substrate channelling demonstrates the functional origin of domain fusion in gephyrin
Authors: Belaidi Abdel A. , Schwarz Guenter 
Published: November 2012

The complexity of eukaryotic multicellular organisms relies on evolutionary developments that include compartmentalization, alternative splicing, protein domain fusion and post-translational modification. Mammalian gephyrin uniquely exemplifies these processes by combining two enzymatic functions within the biosynthesis of the Moco (molybdenum cofactor) in a multidomain protein. It also undergoes extensive alternative splicing, especially in neurons, where it also functions as a scaffold protein at inhibitory synapses. Two out of three gephyrin domains are homologous to bacterial Moco-synthetic proteins (G and E domain) while being fused by a third gephyrin-specific central C domain. In the present paper, we have established the in vitro Moco synthesis using purified components and demonstrated an over 300-fold increase in Moco synthesis for gephyrin compared with the isolated G domain, which synthesizes adenylylated molybdopterin, and E domain, which catalyses the metal insertion at physiological molybdate concentrations in an ATP-dependent manner. We show that the C domain impacts the catalytic efficacy of gephyrin, suggesting an important structural role in product–substrate channelling as depicted by a structural model that is in line with a face-to-face orientation of both active sites. Our functional studies demonstrate the evolutionary advantage of domain fusion in metabolic proteins, which can lead to the development of novel functions in higher eukaryotes.
Further Evidence of Auditory Extinction in Aphasia
Authors: Marshall Rebecca Shisler , Basilakos Alexandra , Love-Myers Kim 
Published: November 2012

PurposePreliminary research (Shisler, 2005) suggests that auditory extinction in individuals with aphasia (IWA) may be connected to binding and attention. In this study, the authors expanded on previous findings on auditory extinction to determine the source of extinction deficits in IWA.MethodSeventeen IWA (Mage= 53.19 years) and 17 neurologically intact controls (Mage= 55.18 years) participated. Auditory stimuli were spoken letters presented in a free-field listening environment. Stimuli were presented in single-stimulus stimulation (SSS) or double-simultaneous stimulation (DSS) trials across 5 conditions designed to determine whether extinction is related to binding, inefficient attention resource allocation, or overall deficits in attention. All participants completed all experimental conditions.ResultsSignificant extinction was demonstrated only by IWA when sounds were different, providing further evidence of auditory extinction. However, binding requirements did not appear to influence the IWA’s performance.ConclusionsResults indicate that, for IWA, auditory extinction may not be attributed to a binding deficit or inefficient attention resource allocation because of equivalent performance across all 5 conditions. Rather, overall attentional resources may be influential. Future research in aphasia should explore the effect of the stimulus presentation in addition to the continued study of attention treatment.
Pitch Variability in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease: Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation of Caudal Zona Incerta and Subthalamic Nucleus
Authors: Karlsson Fredrik , Olofsson Katarina , Blomstedt Patric , Linder Jan , van Doorn Jan 
Published: November 2012

Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the caudal zona incerta (cZi) pitch characteristics of connected speech in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Method

The authors evaluated 16 patients preoperatively and 12 months after DBS surgery. Eight patients were implanted in the STN (ages 51–72 years;
M
= 63 years). Six received bilateral implantation and 2 unilateral (left) implantation. Eight patients were bilaterally implanted in the cZi (ages 49–71 years;
M
= 60.8 years). Preoperative assessments were made after a levodopa challenge (approximately 1.5 times the ordinary dose). All postoperative examinations were made off and on stimulation with a clinically optimized dose of levodopa. Measurements of pitch range and variability were obtained from each utterance in a recorded read speech passage.

Results
Pitch range and coefficient of variation showed an increase in patients under STN–DBS. Patients under cZi–DBS showed no significant effects of treatment on investigated pitch properties.

Conclusion
STN–DBS was shown to increase pitch variation and range. The results provided no evidence of cZi–DBS having a beneficial effect on PD patients' pitch variability.
Experimental and theoretical study on Raman spectra of magnesium fluoride clusters and solids
Authors: Neelamraju S. , Bach A. , Schön J. C. , Fischer D. , Jansen M. 
Published: November 2012

In this study, the Raman and IR spectra of a large number of isomers of MgF2 clusters and of possible bulk polymorphs of MgF2 are calculated and compared with experimental data observed using a low-temperature atom beam deposition. The bulk polymorphs were taken from earlier work, while the cluster modifications for the neutral (MgF2)n (n = 1−10) clusters and charged clusters (up to the trimer anion and cation, (Mg3F7)− and (Mg3F5)+, respectively) are determined in the present work by global energy landscape explorations using simulated annealing. These theoretical calculations are complemented by an experimental study on both the vapor phase and the deposited films of MgF2, which are generated in a low-temperature atom beam deposition setup for the synthesis of MgF2 bulk phases. The MgF2 vapor and film are characterized via Raman spectroscopy of the MgF2 gas phase species embedded in an Ar-matrix and of the MgF2-films deposited onto a cooled substrate, respectively. We find that, in the vapor phase, there are monomers and dimers and charged species to be present in our experimental setup. Furthermore, the results suggest that in the amorphous bulk MgF2, rutile-like domains are present and MgF2 clusters similar to those in the matrix. Finally, peaks at about 800 cm−1, which are in the same range as the Ag modes of clusters with dangling fluorine atoms connected to three-coordinated Mg atoms, indicate that such dangling bonds are also present in amorphous MgF2.
The Time Spent Cleaning a Hospital Room Does Not Correlate with the Thoroughness of Cleaning
Authors: Rupp Mark E. , Adler Ann , Schellen Margaret , Cassling Kyle , Fitzgerald Teresa , Sholtz Lee , Lyden Elizabeth , Carling Philip 
Published: November 2012

Environmental surfaces in hospital rooms often become contaminated with microbes, and evidence has linked the patient care environment to transmission of potential pathogens. Despite attempts at standardization of training and cleaning techniques, there is great variation between housekeepers with regard to room cleaning practices. Environmental cleanliness can be assessed by direct observation, surface cultures, detection of adenosine triphosphate, or use of a fluorescent marking solution. Each monitoring technique has limitations.We participated in a multicenter study that demonstrated improved cleaning of high-touch surfaces through the use of a fluorescent marking solution and rapid-cycle performance feedback. As part of an earlier study, housekeepers were instructed about the importance of environmental cleanliness and appropriate cleaning of high-touch surfaces, and a room cleaning checklist was introduced. In this study, we sought to examine the relationship between the amount of time that a housekeeper spent cleaning a hospital room and the thoroughness of surface cleaning.
Use of Medicare Claims to Identify US Hospitals with a High Rate of Surgical Site Infection after Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Calderwood Michael S. , Kleinman Ken , Bratzler Dale W. , Ma Allen , Bruce Christina B. , Kaganov Rebecca E. , Canning Claire , Piatt Richard , Huang Susan S. ,   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenters Program and the Oklahoma Foundation for Medical Quality
Published: November 2012

Objective.To assess the ability of Medicare claims to identify US hospitals with high rates of surgical site infection (SSI) after hip arthroplasty.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Setting.Acute care US hospitals.Participants.Fee-for-service Medicare patients 65 years of age and older who underwent hip arthroplasty in US hospitals from 2005 through 2007.Methods.Hospital rankings were derived from claims codes suggestive of SSI, adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities, while using generalized linear mixed models to account for hospital volume. Medical records were obtained for validation of infection on a random sample of patients from hospitals ranked in the best and worst deciles of performance. We then calculated the risk-adjusted odds of developing a chart-confirmed SSI after hip arthroplasty in hospitals ranked by claims into worst- versus best-performing deciles.Results.Among 524,892 eligible Medicare patients who underwent hip arthroplasty at 3,296 US hospitals, a patient who underwent surgery in a hospital ranked in the worst-performing decile based on claims-based evidence of SSI had 2.9-fold higher odds of developing a chart-confirmed SSI relative to a patient with the same age, sex, and comorbidities in a hospital ranked in the best-performing decile (95% confidence interval, 2.2-3.7).Conclusions.Medicare claims successfully distinguished between hospitals with high and low SSI rates following hip arthroplasty. These claims can identify potential outlier hospitals that merit further evaluation. This strategy can also be used to validate the completeness of public reporting of SSI.