bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IdsA is the major geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase involved in carotenogenesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Heider Sabine A. E. , Peters‐Wendisch Petra , Beekwilder Jules , Wendisch Volker F. 
Published: September 2014

Corynebacterium glutamicum, a yellow‐pigmented soil bacterium that synthesizes the rare cyclic C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin and its glucosides, has been engineered for the production of various carotenoids. CrtE was assumed to be the major geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthase in carotenogenesis; however, deletion of crtE did not abrogate carotenoid synthesis. In silico analysis of the repertoire of prenyltransferases encoded by the C. glutamicum genome revealed two candidate GGPPS genes (idsA and ispB). The absence of pigmentation of an idsA deletion mutant and complementation experiments with a double deletion mutant lacking both idsA and crtE showed that IdsA is the major GGPPS of C. glutamicum and that crtE overexpression compensated for the lack of IdsA, whereas plasmid‐borne overexpression of ispB did not. Purified His‐tagged CrtE was active as a homodimer, whereas the active form of IdsA was homotetrameric. Both enzymes catalyzed prenyl transfer with isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, geranyl pyrophosphate and farnesylphosphate (FPP) as substrates. IdsA showed the highest catalytic efficiency with dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and IPP, whereas the catalytic efficiency of CrtE was highest with geranyl pyrophosphate and IPP. Finally, application of prenyltransferase overexpression revealed that combined overexpression of idsA and the IPP isomerase gene idi in the absence of crtE led to the highest decaprenoxanthin titer reported to date.
Prioritising care services: Do the oldest users lose out?
Authors: Gautun Heidi , Grødem Anne Skevik 
Published: September 2014

Population ageing is a major concern in most European countries. Demands for health‐ and care services will increase, as older people typically have a higher need for such services. What is often overlooked, however, is that older users increasingly compete with younger users for the same limited care resources. We ask: How do employees in the Norwegian care sector make decisions regarding the allocation of services to younger and older users? To answer this question, we interviewed decision‐makers in Norwegian municipalities. Despite providing for equal rights to services, laws allow for an interpretation of needs and this can result in the unequal distribution of services. Our study indicates that needs are defined differently for younger and older users, which affects the amount, type and content of the services allocated to younger and older people. When resources are scarce and priorities must be established, the services to the oldest suffer.Key Practitioner Message: ● The article lays the groundwork for an open debate about the allocation of resources to users in different life phases; ● The analysis conceptualises and makes explicit important normative decisions made by practitioners.
Androgen receptor polymorphisms and testicular cancer risk
Authors: Grassetti D. , Giannandrea F. , Paoli D. , Masciandaro P. , Figura V. , Carlini T. , Rizzo F. , Lombardo F. , Lenzi A. , Gandini L. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryTesticular cancer (TC) is currently the most common malignant solid tumour in Caucasian males aged 15–39 years. Epidemiological evidence suggests that its onset may be due to an imbalance in the action of steroidal sex hormones and their receptors. A faulty androgen receptor signalling pathway can, in fact, cause various male reproductive disorders. The androgen receptor (AR) gene has two polymorphic segments consisting ofCAGandGGCrepeats. The length ofCAGrepeats has been shown to affect the regulation ofARactivity. In our study, we used fragment analysis to evaluate theARgene repeats of 302TCpatients and 322 controls, to establish if there is any association between repeat number andTC. This study of the largest Italian caseload investigated to date highlighted three particularly significant aspects. First, aCAGrepeat number of ≥25 may be considered a risk factor for the onset ofTC, given its greater frequency in patients in comparison with controls. This difference became significant for the non‐seminoma group. Second, men withCAGrepeats below 21 or above 24 were found to have a, respectively, 50 and 76% higher risk ofTCthan those withCAG21–24, suggesting that these too can be considered a risk factor forTC. Finally, stageIIpatients were more likely to have aCAGrepeat number <21 or >24 than stage I patients.
Sun skink diversification across the Indian–Southeast Asian biogeographical interface
Authors: Barley Anthony J. , Datta‐Roy Aniruddha , Karanth K. Praveen , Brown Rafe M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimWidespread, transcontinental vertebrate groups represent ideal systems for biogeographical studies, because they can shed light on a wide range of questions relating to species diversification across the geographical template. We combined extensive geographical and genetic sampling from across multiple biogeographical realms to examine the timing and location of diversification in Asian sun skinks, a clade characterized by problematic species boundaries and a particularly enigmatic evolutionary history.LocationIndian subcontinent, the Philippines, Southeast Asia and Sundaland.MethodsWe sequenced one mitochondrial and nine nuclear genes for most species in the genus Eutropis, and estimated phylogenetic relationships and divergence times using coalescent methods. To investigate the location of diversification events, we also estimated ancestral geographical ranges using several methods. Finally, we explored patterns of genetic diversity within several poorly understood, but widely distributed species.ResultsDivergence‐time estimates indicate that Eutropis began to diversify during the Eocene. Biogeographical reconstructions show that species diversification was associated with dispersal into three biogeographical realms: India, Sundaland and the Philippines.Main conclusionsThe results of this study clarify several questions related to the evolutionary history of Eutropis, and place them in the context of classic Southeast Asian biogeography. Our study represents one of the first to compile a heavily sampled multilocus dataset ranging across international boundaries in southern Asia that have historically prevented a unified understanding of biogeographical and evolutionary processes involving the Indian subcontinent, mainland southern Asia and the island archipelagos of Southeast Asia.
TARGET‐MANAGEMENT‐INVOLVED BUYOUTS: IMPACT ON TAKEOVER COMPETITION, LITIGATION RISK, AND SHAREHOLDER RETURNS
Authors: Gogineni Sridhar , Puthenpurackal John 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe examine the impact of target management involvement as bidders in a sample of completed going‐private buyouts. Announcement‐period and long‐run target shareholder returns do not appear to be lower in management‐involved deals. We attempt to identify disciplining mechanisms in the takeover process that can explain this result. We find that target shareholder lawsuits are more likely when management is involved, and litigation risk appears to positively affect target returns. We also study a sample of withdrawn buyout deals and find that a significant number of management bids are unsuccessful, further suggesting that safeguards exist in management‐involved deals.
Oral microbiome composition changes in mouse models of colitis
Authors: Rautava Jaana , Pinnell Lee J , Vong Linda , Akseer Nadia , Assa Amit , Sherman Philip M 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and AimOral mucosal pathologies are frequent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Since host–microbiome interactions are implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, in this study the potential for changes affecting the oral microbiome was evaluated using two complementary mouse models of colitis: either chemically (dextran sulfate sodium) or with Citrobacter rodentium infection.MethodsAfter sacrifice, the tongue, buccal mucosa, saliva, colon, and stool samples were collected for analyses. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was performed to assess bacterial 16S rRNA gene profiles. Relative changes were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis for the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Spirochetes, and Actinobacteria, classes Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria, and the genera Bacillus and Lactobacillus. These groups represent over 99% of the oral microbiota of healthy C57BL/6 mice.ResultsBoth models of colitis changed the oral microbiome, with the buccal microbiome being the most resistant to alterations in composition (maximum 1.8% change, vs tongue maximum 2.5% change, and saliva which demonstrated up to 7.2% total changes in microbiota composition). Changes in the oral microbiota were greater after dextran sulfate sodium challenge, compared with C. rodentium‐induced colitis. Using cluster analysis, tongue and buccal mucosal microbiota composition changed ∼ 5%, saliva ∼ 35%, while stool changed ∼ 10%.ConclusionThese findings indicate that dysbiosis observed in murine models of colitis is associated with changes in the composition of bacteria present in the oral cavity and in saliva. Such changes in the oral microbiota could be relevant to the etiology and management of oral mucosal pathologies observed in IBD patients.
Mutational Analysis of the Genes Encoding RFAmide‐Related Peptide‐3, the Human Orthologue of Gonadotrophin‐Inhibitory Hormone, and its Receptor (GPR147) in Patients with Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone‐Dependent Pubertal Disorders
Authors: Lima C. J. G. , Cardoso S. C. , Lemos E. F. L. , Zingler E. , Capanema C. , Menezes L. D. , Vogado G. , dos Santos B. T. A. , de Moraes O. L. , Duarte E. F. , de Brito V. N. , Latronico A. C. , Lofrano‐Porto A. 
Published: September 2014

RFamide‐related peptide‐3 (RFRP‐3), the orthologue of avian gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone, and its receptor GPR147 have been recently identified in the human hypothalamus, and their roles in the regulation of reproductive axis has been studied. The present study aimed to investigate whether the presence of variants in the genes encoding human RFRP‐3 (NPVF gene) and its receptor, GPR147 (NPFFR1 gene), is associated with the occurrence of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone‐dependent pubertal disorders. Seventy‐eight patients with idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) and 51 with normosmic isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (nIHH) were investigated. Fifty healthy subjects comprised the control group. The coding sequences of the NPVF and NPFFR1 genes were amplified and sequenced. Odds ratios (OR) were used to estimate the likelihood of CPP or nIHH in the presence of the described polymorphisms. All such polymorphisms have already been registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. A three‐nucleotide in frame deletion was identified in the NPVF gene (p.I71_K72), with a smaller proportion in the CPP (5%) compared to the nIHH (15%) group (P = 0.06). This results in the deletion of the isoleucine at position 71, adjacent to lysine at an endoproteolytic cleavage site of the precursor peptide. This polymorphism was associated with a lower risk of CPP (OR = 0.33; 95% confidence interval = 0.08–0.88); interestingly, only two men with nIHH were homozygotes for this variant. A total of five missense polymorphisms were found in the NPFFR1 gene, which encodes GPR147, with similar frequencies among groups and no association with pubertal timing. Our data suggest that RFRP‐3/GPR147 may play secondary, modulatory roles on the regulation of pubertal development; a restraining modulatory effect of the NPVF p.I71_K72 variant on the activation of the gonadotrophic axis cannot be ruled out and deserves further investigation.
Course Content Related to Chronic Wounds in Nursing Degree Programs in Spain
Authors: Romero‐Collado Angel , Raurell‐Torreda Marta , Zabaleta‐del‐Olmo Edurne , Homs‐Romero Erica , Bertran‐Noguer Carme 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeTo analyze content related to chronic wounds in nursing degree programs in Spain.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsCourse descriptions available for online access during June and July of 2012 were reviewed for the 114 centers in Spain that offer a nursing degree, according to the official Registry of Universities, Centers, and Titles.FindingsOf the 114 centers with degree programs, 95 (83.3%) post course content online, which make it possible to analyze 2,258 courses. In 60 (63.1%) of these centers, none of the courses included the concept of pressure ulcer prevention, and the course content posted by 36 (37.9%) centers made no mention of their treatment. None of the course descriptions contained any reference to pain management in patients with chronic wounds. Of the 728 elective courses analyzed, only one was related to chronic wounds.ConclusionsThis review of available information about nursing degree programs in Spain indicates that pain management in patients with chronic wounds is not addressed in any course, and more courses consider the treatment of pressure ulcers than their prevention.Clinical RelevanceDegree programs responsible for the training of future nurses should be reviewed and revised as needed to ensure that graduates have acquired minimum basic competencies in the prevention and treatment of chronic wounds that help to decrease the theory–practice gap in this field.
GFAP immunoreactivity within the rat nucleus ambiguus after laryngeal nerve injury
Authors: Berdugo‐Vega G. , Arias‐Gil G. , Rodriguez‐Niedenführ M. , Davies D. C. , Vázquez T. , Pascual‐Font A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractChanges that occur in astroglial populations of the nucleus ambiguus after recurrent (RLN) or superior (SLN) laryngeal nerve injury have hitherto not been fully characterised. In the present study, rat RLN and SLN were lesioned. After 3, 7, 14, 28 or 56 days of survival, the nucleus ambiguus was investigated by means of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunofluorescence or a combination of GFAP immunofluorescence and the application of retrograde tracers. GFAP immunoreactivity was significantly increased 3 days after RLN resection and it remained significantly elevated until after 28 days post injury (dpi). By 56 dpi it had returned to basal levels. In contrast, following RLN transection with repair, GFAP immunoreactivity was significantly elevated at 7 dpi and remained significantly elevated until 14 dpi. It had returned to basal levels by 28 dpi. Topographical analysis of the distribution of GFAP immunoreactivity revealed that after RLN injury, GFAP immunoreactivity was increased beyond the area of the nucleus ambiguus within which RLN motor neuron somata were located. GFAP immunoreactivity was also observed in the vicinity of neuronal somata that project into the uninjured SLN. Similarly, lesion of the SLN resulted in increased GFAP immunoreactivity around the neuronal somata projecting into it and also in the vicinity of the motor neuron somata projecting into the RLN. The increase in GFAP immunoreactivity outside of the region containing the motor neurons projecting into the injured nerve, may reflect the onset of a regenerative process attempting to compensate for impairment of one of the laryngeal nerves and may occur because of the dual innervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. This dual innervation of a very specialised muscle could provide a useful model system for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying axonal regeneration process and the results of the current study could provide the basis for studies into functional regeneration following laryngeal nerve injury, with subsequent application to humans.
Patient participation in patient safety and nursing input – a systematic review
Authors: Vaismoradi Mojtaba , Jordan Sue , Kangasniemi Mari 
Published: September 2014

Aims and objectivesThis systematic review aims to synthesise the existing research on how patients participate in patient safety initiatives.BackgroundAmbiguities remain about how patients participate in routine measures designed to promote patient safety.DesignSystematic review using integrative methods.MethodsElectronic databases were searched using keywords describing patient involvement, nursing input and patient safety initiatives to retrieve empirical research published between 2007 and 2013. Findings were synthesized using the theoretical domains of Vincent's framework for analysing risk and safety in clinical practice: “patient”, “healthcare provider”, “task”, “work environment”, “organisation & management”.ResultsWe identified 17 empirical research papers: four qualitative, one mixed‐method and 12 quantitative designs. All 17 papers indicated that patients can participate in safety initiatives.ConclusionsImproving patient participation in patient safety necessitates considering the patient as a person, the nurse as healthcare provider, the task of participation and the clinical environment. Patients' knowledge, health conditions, beliefs and experiences influence their decisions to engage in patient safety initiatives. An important component of the management of long‐term conditions is to ensure that patients have sufficient knowledge to participate. Healthcare providers may need further professional development in patient education and patient care management to promote patient involvement in patient safety, and ensure that patients understand that they are ‘allowed’ to inform nurses of adverse events or errors. A healthcare system characterised by patient‐centredness and mutual acknowledgement will support patient participation in safety practices. Further research is required to improve international knowledge of patient participation in patient safety in different disciplines, contexts and cultures.Relevance to clinical practicePatients have a significant role to play in enhancing their own safety while receiving hospital care. This review offers a framework for clinicians to develop comprehensive practical guidelines to support patient involvement in patient safety.
Translation of interviews from a source language to a target language: examining issues in cross‐cultural health care research
Authors: Al‐Amer Rasmieh , Ramjan Lucie , Glew Paul , Darwish Maram , Salamonson Yenna 
Published: September 2014

Aims and objectivesTo illuminate translation practice in cross‐language interview in health care research and its impact on the construction of the data.BackgroundGlobalisation and changing patterns of migration have created changes to the world's demography; this has presented challenges for overarching social domains, specifically, in the health sector. Providing ethno‐cultural health services is a timely and central facet in an ever‐increasingly diverse world. Nursing and other health sectors employ cross‐language research to provide knowledge and understanding of the needs of minority groups, which underpins cultural‐sensitive care services. However, when cultural and linguistic differences exist, they pose unique complexities for cross‐cultural health care research; particularly in qualitative research where narrative data are central for communication as most participants prefer to tell their story in their native language. Consequently, translation is often unavoidable in order to make a respondent's narrative vivid and comprehensible, yet, there is no consensus about how researchers should address this vital issue.DesignAn integrative literature review.MethodsPubMed and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant studies published before January 2014, and hand searched reference lists of studies were selected.ResultsThis review of cross‐language health care studies highlighted three major themes, which identify factors often reported to affect the translation and production of data in cross‐language research: (1) translation style; (2) translators; and (3) trustworthiness of the data.ConclusionA plan detailing the translation process and analysis of health care data must be determined from the study outset to ensure credibility is maintained. A transparent and systematic approach in reporting the translation process not only enhances the integrity of the findings but also provides overall rigour and auditability.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is important that minority groups have a voice in health care research which, if accurately translated, will enable nurses to improve culturally relevant care.
Analysis of pregnancies in women with Takayasu arteritis: Complication of Takayasu arteritis involving obstetric or cardiovascular events
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Tanaka Kayo , Kamiya Chizuko , Iwanaga Naoko , Yoshimatsu Jun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimsThe incidence of Takayasu arteritis during child‐bearing years is relatively high. The management of pregnancies in patients with this disease is of great importance in clinical obstetrics. Here we analyzed pregnancies of women with Takayasu arteritis with and without complications.Material and MethodsWe retrospectively identified 27 pregnancies in 20 women with Takayasu arteritis seen between 1983 and 2005 at the National Cardiovascular Center, in Osaka, Japan. The incidences of obstetric events, steroid dose increase in pregnancy, and cardiovascular events were compared between group I (no complications), group II (one complication), and group III (two or more complications).ResultsNone of the pregnancies showed Takayasu arteritis activity. The obstetric events were pre‐eclampsia in four pregnancies (15%), fetal growth restriction in one (4%), and abruption in one (4%). Three pregnancies involved a steroids dose increase. There were no cardiovascular events. Eighty percent of the pregnancies that included an obstetric event also involved the mother's chronic hypertension.ConclusionsPregnant women without active Takayasu arteritis have a low risk of developing a cardiovascular event. For women with chronic hypertension, it might be important to note the development of pre‐eclampsia, fetal growth restriction and abruption.
Pregnancy complicated by a Krukenberg tumor with an undetermined origin and its management
Authors: Tulek Firat , Kahraman Alper , Taskin Salih , Sertcelik Ayse , Ortac Firat 
Published: September 2014

AbstractKrukenberg tumor in pregnancy is very rare and management of this condition is a dilemma for physicians. Moreover, the existence of a primary Krukenberg tumor is still in debate. Herein, we present a 29‐year‐old woman at 29 weeks of pregnancy, admitted with premature labor and revealed to have a signet ring cell ovarian tumor with an undetermined primary origin. A primary Krukenberg tumor or a Krukenberg tumor with an undetermined origin has not been previously reported in a pregnant patient. By virtue of the controversy, we are not eager to use the term ‘primary Krukenberg tumor’ for this case, although the possibility of the existence of this kind of tumor cannot be totally ignored.