bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Alcohol Consumption on the Outcome of Ischemic Stroke and Thrombolysis
Authors: Lemarchand Eloïse , Gauberti Maxime , Martinez de Lizarrondo Sara , Villain Hélène , Repessé Yohann , Montagne Axel , Vivien Denis , Ali Carine , Rubio Marina 
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose—
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only acute treatment for ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, the benefit of tPA-driven thrombolysis is not systematic, and understanding the reasons for this is mandatory. The balance between beneficial and detrimental effects of tPA might explain the limited overall efficiency of thrombolysis. Here, we investigated whether this balance could be influenced by excessive alcohol intake.

Methods—
We used a murine model of thromboembolic stroke, coupled to an array of biochemical assays, near-infrared or magnetic resonance imaging scans, 2-photon microscopy, hydrodynamic transfections, and immunohistological techniques.

Results—
We found that 6 weeks of alcohol consumption (10% in drinking water) worsens ischemic lesions and cancels the beneficial effects of tPA-induced thrombolysis. We accumulate in vivo and in vitro evidence showing that this aggravation is correlated with a decrease in lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1–mediated hepatic clearance of tPA in alcohol-exposed mice.

Conclusions—
An efficient liver-driven clearance of tPA might influence the safety of thrombolysis after stroke.
Error Analysis of a Conceptual Cloud Doppler Stereoradar with Polarization Diversity for Better Understanding Space Applications
Authors: Battaglia Alessandro , Kollias Pavlos 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn error budget analysis is performed for retrieval of along-track winds based on the design of a spaceborne Doppler radar using polarization diversity. The analysis is conducted within the framework of a case study of an Atlantic hurricane. The proposed concept consists of either a Ka-band or W-band stereoradar mounted on an LEO satellite equipped with both nadir- and forward-viewing beams and with an optional cross-scanning capability. Such a radar design is intended for observing the microphysical and dynamical structures of cloud systems, including disturbed mesoscale convective systems. Because of the high winds involved in such weather phenomena and because of the Doppler fading introduced by platform motion, polarization diversity is adopted. The simulation framework enables a breakdown of the Doppler velocity measurement error budget into its most important components, that is, nonuniform beamfilling, multiple scattering, and inherent signal noise. The impact of each of these error terms on the total error depends on the adopted integration length, the number of scanned tracks, and the specifics of the radar. This allows for optimally selecting an integration length suitable for minimizing the total rms velocity error. The analysis shows that the use of a large antenna could achieve impressive measurement accuracy of the along-line-of-sight wind velocities. Notably, this would be the case for integration lengths longer than 3 km, even when carrying out cross-track scanning for up to 17 separate tracks. Examples of retrieved along-track wind fields also reveal that the large antenna configurations are capable of identifying and quantifying the foremost dynamic features (e.g., vertical wind shear and convergence/divergence regions).
Establishing psychosocial palliative care standards for children and adolescents with cancer and their families: An integrative review
Authors: Weaver Meaghann S , Heinze Katherine E , Bell Cynthia J , Wiener Lori , Garee Amy M , Kelly Katherine P , Casey Robert L , Watson Anne , Hinds Pamela S 
Published: April 2015

Background: Despite standardization in disease assessments and curative interventions for childhood cancer, palliative assessments and psychosocial interventions remain diverse and disparate. Aim: Identify current approaches to palliative care in the pediatric oncology setting to inform development of comprehensive psychosocial palliative care standards for pediatric and adolescent patients with cancer and their families. Analyze barriers to implementation and enabling factors. Design: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines framed the search strategy and reporting. Data analysis followed integrative review methodology. Data sources: Four databases were searched in May 2014 with date restrictions from 2000 to 2014: PubMed, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and Scopus. A total of 182 studies were included for synthesis. Types of studies included randomized and non-randomized trials with or without comparison groups, qualitative research, prior reviews, expert opinion, and consensus report. Results: Integration of patient, parent, and clinician perspectives on end-of-life needs as gathered from primary manuscripts (using NVivo coding for first-order constructs) revealed mutual themes across stakeholders: holding to hope, communicating honestly, striving for relief from symptom burden, and caring for one another. Integration of themes from primary author palliative care outcome reports (second-order constructs) revealed the following shared priorities in cancer settings: care access; cost analysis; social support to include primary caregiver support, sibling care, bereavement outreach; symptom assessment and interventions to include both physical and psychological symptoms; communication approaches to include decision-making; and overall care quality. Conclusion: The study team coordinated landmark psychosocial palliative care papers into an informed conceptual model (third-order construct) for approaching pediatric palliative care and psychosocial support in oncology settings.
Lack of effects of intramuscular medetomidine on intraocular pressure in clinically normal cats
Authors: Malmasi Abdolali , Selk Ghaffari Masoud 
Published: April 2015

Objectives This study aimed to determine the effects of intramuscular medetomidine on the results of tonometry in healthy cats. Methods Sixteen healthy cats were randomly divided into two groups of eight cats. The first group was sedated with intramuscular medetomidine alone (100 µg/kg) and the second group received only saline (0.5 ml/5 kg). Intraocular pressure (IOP) values were measured immediately before (T0) and after the injections at 15 mins (T15) and 25 mins (T25) in both groups. Results Sedation with medetomidine did not cause a statistically significant change in the mean IOP values. The pretreatment mean ± SD IOPs in the treatment and control groups were 16.2 ± 3.1 and 15.9 ± 4.0 mmHg, respectively. In the medetomidine group the mean ± SD IOPs at T15 and T25 were 16.1 ± 4.1 ( P = 0.9) and 14.6 ± 2.2 ( P = 0.1). Conclusions and relevance Based on this study in healthy cats, medetomidine may be a good choice as a sedative agent in uncooperative cats when IOP measurements are needed. Further investigations in cats with abnormal IOPs are warranted.
Prolonged-release fampridine and walking and balance in MS: randomised controlled MOBILE trial
Authors: Hupperts Raymond , Lycke Jan , Short Christine , Gasperini Claudio , McNeill Manjit , Medori Rossella , Tofil-Kaluza Agata , Hovenden Maria , Mehta Lahar R , Elkins Jacob 
Published: April 2015

Background: Mobility impairment is a common disability in MS and negatively impacts patients’ lives. Objective: Evaluate the effect of prolonged-release (PR) fampridine (extended-release dalfampridine in the United States) on self-assessed walking disability, dynamic/static balance and safety in patients with MS. Methods: MOBILE was a randomised, double-blind, exploratory, placebo-controlled trial. Patients with progressive/relapsing-remitting MS and Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 4.0–7.0 were treated with PR-fampridine or placebo twice daily for 24 weeks. Efficacy endpoints included change from baseline in the 12-item MS Walking Scale (MSWS-12), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Results: 132 patients were randomised at 24 sites in six countries. PR-fampridine therapy resulted in greater median improvements from baseline in MSWS-12 score, TUG speed and BBS total score versus placebo over 24 weeks. A higher proportion of patients receiving PR-fampridine versus placebo experienced significant improvements at MSWS-12 improvement thresholds ⩾7 ( p = 0.0275), ⩾8 ( p = 0.0153) and ⩾9 points ( p = 0.0088) and TUG speed thresholds ⩾10% ( p = 0.0021) and ⩾15% ( p = 0.0262). PR-fampridine was well tolerated. Conclusions: PR-fampridine therapy resulted in early and sustained improvements in broad measures of walking and balance over six months.
Cerebral Blood Flow Changes in Glioblastoma Patients Undergoing Bevacizumab Treatment Are Seen in Both Tumor and Normal Brain
Authors: Andre Jalal B , Nagpal Seema , Hippe Daniel S , Ravanpay Ali C , Schmiedeskamp Heiko , Bammer Roland , Palagallo Gerald J , Recht Lawrence , Zaharchuk Greg 
Published: April 2015

Bevacizumab (BEV) is increasingly used to treat recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) with some reported improvement in neurocognitive function despite potential neurotoxicities. We examined the effects of BEV on cerebral blood flow (CBF) within recurrent GBM tumor and in the contralateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. Post-chemoradiation patients with histologically confirmed GBM were treated with BEV and underwent routine, serial tumor imaging with additional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pcASL) following informed consent. Circular regions-of-interest were placed on pcASL images directly over the recurrent tumor and in the contralateral MCA territory. CBF changes before and during BEV treatment were evaluated in tumor and normal tissue. Linear mixed models were used to assess statistical significance. Fifty-three pcASL studies in 18 patients were acquired. Evaluation yielded lower mean tumoral CBF during BEV treatment compared with pre-treatment (45 ± 27 vs. 65 ± 27 ml/100 g/min, p = 0.002), and in the contralateral MCA territory during, compared with pre-BEV treatment (35 ± 8.4 vs. 41 ± 8.4 ml/100 g/min, p = 0.03). The decrease in mean CBF tended to be greater in the tumoral region than in the contralateral MCA, though the difference did not reach statistical significance (31% vs. 13%; p = 0.082). Conclusions BEV administration results in statistically significant global CBF decrease with a potentially preferential decrease in tumor perfusion compared with normal brain tissue.
Post‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI‐IBS) after infection with Shiga‐like toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104:H4: A cohort study with prospective follow‐up
Authors: Andresen Viola , Löwe Bernd , Broicher Wiebke , Riegel Björn , Fraedrich Katharina , von Wulffen Moritz , Gappmayer Kerrin , Wegscheider Karl , Treszl András , Rose Matthias , Layer Peter , Lohse Ansgar W 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundIn May/June 2011, the new Shiga‐like toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strain O104:H4 caused the severest outbreak ever recorded of hemorrhagic enterocolitis in 3842 patients in Germany.ObjectivesAs bacterial enterocolitis is an established risk factor of subsequent irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), we aimed to estimate prevalence and incidence of post‐infectious (PI)‐IBS after six and 12 months in a cohort of STEC O104:H4 patients and to prospectively identify associated somatic and psychometric risk factors.MethodsA total of 389 patients were studied prospectively at baseline and at six and 12 months after STEC infection using STEC disease‐related questionnaires and validated instruments for IBS (Rome III) and psychological factors. Frequencies and logistic regression models using multiple imputations were applied to assess predictor variables.ResultsPrevalence of IBS increased from 9.8% prior to STEC infection to 23.6% at six and 25.3% at 12 months after STEC infection. In patients without IBS symptoms prior to STEC infection, incidence of new IBS was 16.9%. Logistic regression models indicated higher somatization and anxiety scores as risk factors for, and mesalazine treatment during, STEC infection as the only significant protective factor against IBS. No other factor analyzed, including disease severity, showed an association.ConclusionsPI‐IBS rates following this unusually severe STEC outbreak were similar to what has been observed after other infectious gastroenteritis outbreaks. Our findings suggest that mesalazine may have reduced the risk of subsequent PI‐IBS. As altered mucosal immune activity is a pivotal pathogenic factor in PI‐IBS, our observation of a potential protective effect of mesalazine might be explained by its known modulatory action on mucosal immunity, and may warrant further investigation.
Management and outcome of mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac arrest
Authors: Sutherasan Yuda , Peñuelas Oscar , Muriel Alfonso , Vargas Maria , Frutos-Vivar Fernando , Brunetti Iole , Raymondos Konstantinos , D’Antini Davide , Nielsen Niklas , Ferguson Niall D , Böttiger Bernd W , Thille Arnaud W , Davies Andrew R , Hurtado Javier , Rios Fernando , Apezteguía Carlos , Violi Damian A , Cakar Nahit , González Marco , Du Bin , Kuiper Michael A , Soares Marco Antonio , Koh Younsuck , Moreno Rui P , Amin Pravin , Tomicic Vinko , Soto Luis , Bülow Hans-Henrik , Anzueto Antonio , Esteban Andrés , Pelosi Paolo ,   For the VENTILA GROUP
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to describe and compare the changes in ventilator management and complications over time, as well as variables associated with 28-day hospital mortality in patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) after cardiac arrest.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of three prospective, observational multicenter studies conducted in 1998, 2004 and 2010 in 927 ICUs from 40 countries. We screened 18,302 patients receiving MV for more than 12 hours during a one-month-period. We included 812 patients receiving MV after cardiac arrest. We collected data on demographics, daily ventilator settings, complications during ventilation and outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios, determining which variables within 24 hours of hospital admission were associated with 28-day hospital mortality and occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia acquired during ICU stay at 48 hours after admission.ResultsAmong 812 patients, 100 were included from 1998, 239 from 2004 and 473 from 2010. Ventilatory management changed over time, with decreased tidal volumes (VT) (1998: mean 8.9 (standard deviation (SD) 2) ml/kg actual body weight (ABW), 2010: 6.7 (SD 2) ml/kg ABW; 2004: 9 (SD 2.3) ml/kg predicted body weight (PBW), 2010: 7.95 (SD 1.7) ml/kg PBW) and increased positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (1998: mean 3.5 (SD 3), 2010: 6.5 (SD 3);P<0.001). Patients included from 2010 had more sepsis, cardiovascular dysfunction and neurological failure, but 28-day hospital mortality was similar over time (52% in 1998, 57% in 2004 and 52% in 2010). Variables independently associated with 28-day hospital mortality were: older age, PaO2<60 mmHg, cardiovascular dysfunction and less use of sedative agents. Higher VT, and plateau pressure with lower PEEP were associated with occurrence of ARDS and pneumonia acquired during ICU stay.ConclusionsProtective mechanical ventilation with lower VTand higher PEEP is more commonly used after cardiac arrest. The incidence of pulmonary complications decreased, while other non-respiratory organ failures increased with time. The application of protective mechanical ventilation and the prevention of single and multiple organ failure may be considered to improve outcome in patients after cardiac arrest.
A comprehensive method to develop a checklist to increase safety of intra-hospital transport of critically ill patients
Authors: Brunsveld-Reinders Anja H , Arbous M Sesmu , Kuiper Sander G , de Jonge Evert 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Transport of critically ill patients from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to other departments for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures is often a necessary part of the critical care process. Transport of critically ill patients is potentially dangerous with up to 70% adverse events occurring. The aim of this study was to develop a checklist to increase safety of intra-hospital transport (IHT) in critically ill patients.

Method
A three-step approach was used to develop an IHT checklist. First, various databases were searched for published IHT guidelines and checklists. Secondly, prospectively collected IHT incidents in the LUMC ICU were analyzed. Thirdly, interviews were held with physicians and nurses over their experiences of IHT incidents. Following this approach a checklist was developed and discussed with experts in the field. Finally, feasibility and usability of the checklist was tested.

Results
Eleven existing guidelines and five checklists were found. Only one checklist covered all three phases: pre-, during- and post-transport. Recommendations and checklist items mostly focused on the pre-transport phase. Documented incidents most frequently related to patient physiology and equipment malfunction and occurred most often during transport. Discussing the incidents with ICU physicians and ICU nurses resulted in important recommendations such as the introduction of a standard checklist and improved communication with the other departments. This approach resulted in a generally applicable checklist, adaptable for local circumstances. Feedback from nurses using the checklist were positive, the fill in time was 4.5 minutes per phase.

Conclusion
A comprehensive way to develop an intra-hospital checklist for safe transport of ICU patients to another department is described. This resulted in a checklist which is a framework to guide physicians and nurses through intra-hospital transports and provides a continuity of care to enhance patient safety. Other hospitals can customize this checklist to their own situation using the methods proposed in this paper.
Differentiation of malignant tumours from granulomas by using dynamic [18F]-fluoro-L-α-methyltyrosine positron emission tomography
Authors: Yamaguchi Aiko , Hanaoka Hirofumi , Fujisawa Yutaka , Zhao Songji , Suzue Kazutomo , Morita Akihiro , Tominaga Hideyuki , Higuchi Tetsuya , Hisaeda Hajime , Tsushima Yoshito , Kuge Yuji , Iida Yasuhiko 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Previous clinical studies have revealed the potential of [18F]-fluoro-L-α-methyltyrosine (18F-FAMT) for the differential diagnosis of malignant tumours from sarcoidosis. However, one concern regarding the differential diagnosis with 18F-FAMT is the possibility of false negatives given the small absolute uptake of 18F-FAMT that has been observed in some malignant tumours. The aim of this study was to evaluate a usefulness of dynamic 18F-FAMT positron emission tomography (PET) for differentiating malignant tumours from granulomas.

Methods
Rats bearing both granulomas (Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced) and tumours (C6 glioma cell-induced) underwent dynamic 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) PET and 18F-FAMT PET for 120 min on consecutive days. Time-activity curves, static images, mean standardized uptake values (SUVs) and the SUV ratios (SUVRs; calculated by dividing SUV at each time point by that of 2 min after injection) were assessed.

Results
In tumours, 18F-FAMT showed a shoulder peak immediately after the initial distribution followed by gradual clearance compared with granulomas. Although the mean SUV in the tumours (1.00 ± 0.10) was significantly higher than that in the granulomas (0.88 ± 0.12), a large overlap was observed. In contrast, the SUVR was markedly higher in tumours than in granulomas (50 min/2 min, 0.72 ± 0.06 and 0.56 ± 0.05, respectively) with no overlap. The dynamic patterns, SUVR, and mean SUV of 18F-FDG in the granulomas were comparable to those in the tumours.

Conclusions
Dynamic 18F-FAMT and SUVR analysis might compensate for the current limitations and help in improving the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FAMT.
The bud midge Prodiplosis longifila: Damage characteristics, potential distribution and presence on a new crop host in Colombia
Authors: Hernandez Luis M , Guzman Yoan C , Martínez-Arias Adriana , Manzano Maria R , Selvaraj John J 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The Dipteran Prodiplosis longifila is a severe pest, mainly of Solanaceae, in South America and some years ago it damaged Tahiti lime crops in the United States. It is a potential invasive pest. Despite its presence in Colombia, nothing is known regarding the taxonomic identification of P. longifila or the characteristics of the damage it produces. Moreover, the current and potential distributions of this pest are unknown. To determine these factors, P. longifila was sampled in several Solanaceae- and Citrus
x
latifolia (Tahiti lime)-producing areas in Colombia. The larvae consumed tender foliage, flowers and fruits in tomato, fruits in sweet pepper, and buds in Tahiti lime. P. longifila was not found in asparagus or in potatoes. Its presence in Tahiti lime was previously unknown in Colombia. Adults recovered in the laboratory were taxonomically identified using male morphological characteristics such as the shapes of the genitalia, antenna and wing. P. longifila was found in the Andean region of Colombia. The ecological niche model for populations found in tomato suggests that P. longifila is limited in its distribution by altitude and variables associated with temperature and precipitation. The highest probability of occurrence is in areas where tomato, sweet pepper and the new host, Tahiti lime, are grown. Therefore, it is necessary to implement preventive measures, such as planting tomato materials free of P. longifila larvae, in areas where the pest is not yet present but where there is the potential for its development.
The Ethical Case for Undercounting Trans Individuals
Authors: Rohrer Megan M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This article makes an ethical case for celebrating the undercounting of trans individuals in surveys and studies. Despite positive motivations compelling researchers to more accurately enumerate the transgender spectrum, researchers trying to quantify the trans experience should ask themselves if their personal definition of who is trans is more or less important than the identity of trans individuals living a low/nondisclosure life.
The Main Properties of Diphtheriae Causative Microorganism Circulated in Postepidemic Period from Biofilm Culture
Authors: Kharseeva G.G. , Frolova J.N. , Gerasimov V.N. , Gasretova T.D. 
Published: April 2015

Task – to study the main properties toxigenic strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae circulated in postepidemic period from biofilm culture. It was shown that Diphtheriae causative agent has the ability to biofilm formation that is accompanied by exopolysaccharide matrix formation. This combines with changes of morphologic properties (decrease of bacteria sizes), cultures properties (decrease of colonies sizes, R-S-dissociation) and antibiotic susceptibility. The most effective towards Diphtheriae infection causative microorganism are cefotaxime, gentamycin, linkomycin, kanamycin and cefazolin, because they have no changes in susceptibility of Corynebacterium diphtheria? in the biofilm structure.