bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of protease‐activated receptor‐1 expression in human buccal fibroblasts stimulated with arecoline
Authors: Tsai Chung‐Hung , Lee Shiuan‐Shinn , Huang Fu‐Mei , Chang Yu‐Chao 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare the major thrombin receptor protease‐activated receptor‐1 (PAR‐1) expression in normal human buccal mucosa and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) specimens and further explore the potential mechanisms that may lead to induce PAR‐1 expression.MethodsThirty OSF and 10 normal buccal mucosa specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry. Buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) were challenged with arecoline by using Western blot analysis. N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC), LY294002, herbimycin A, NS‐398, and PD98059 were added to find the possible regulatory mechanisms.ResultsPAR‐1 expression was significantly higher in OSF specimens (p < .05). Arecoline was found to elevate PAR‐1 expression in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner (p < .05). The addition of NAC, LY294002, herbimycin A, NS398, and PD98059 markedly inhibited the arecoline‐induced PAR‐1 expression (p < .05).ConclusionPAR‐1 expression is significantly upregulated in areca quid chewing‐associated OSF. Arecoline‐induced PAR‐1 expression was downregulated by NAC, LY294002, herbimycin A, NS398, and PD98059. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
DNA and protein adducts in human tissues resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke
Authors: Phillips David H. , Venitt Stan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTobacco smoke contains a variety of genotoxic carcinogens that form adducts with DNA and protein in the tissues of smokers. Not only are these biochemical events relevant to the carcinogenic process, but the detection of adducts provides a means of monitoring exposure to tobacco smoke. Characterization of smoking‐related adducts has shed light on the mechanisms of smoking‐related diseases and many different types of smoking‐derived DNA and protein adducts have been identified. Such approaches also reveal the potential harm of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) to nonsmokers, infants and children. Because the majority of tobacco‐smoke carcinogens are not exclusive to this source of exposure, studies comparing smokers and nonsmokers may be confounded by other environmental sources. Nevertheless, certain DNA and protein adducts have been validated as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke, with continuing applications in the study of ETS exposures, cancer prevention and tobacco product legislation. Our article is a review of the literature on smoking‐related adducts in human tissues published since 2002.
Pro‐apoptotic properties of morphine in neuroblastoma × glioma NG108‐15 hybrid cells: modulation by yohimbine
Authors: Polanco María José , Alguacil Luis Fernando , González‐Martín Carmen 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTShort‐term incubation with pharmacologically relevant concentrations of morphine has been shown to transiently affect the metabolism and redox status of NG108‐15 cells through δ‐opioid receptor stimulation, but apparently did not provoke cell death. The present work tries to determine if incubation with morphine at longer time intervals (24 h) provokes apoptosis and/or necrosis, as it has been described in other cell lines. We have also checked the potential modulatory role of yohimbine on these effects, on the basis of the previously described interactions between this drug and opioid receptor ligands. Incubation with morphine 0.1 and 10 μM provoked the appearance of images compatible with apoptosis (bebbling, pyknotic cells with cytoplasmic and nuclear condensation) and necrosis (cells swollen with vacuolated cytoplasm lacking cell processes) that could be observed directly and/or after staining with methylene blue, crystal violet and propidium iodide/4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (IP/DAPI). Quantification of apoptosis by activation of caspases 3 and 7 and DNA fragmentation with the Tunel assay revealed a modest but significant increase after incubation with the two concentrations of morphine used. Co‐incubation with 10 μM yohimbine prevented all these effects of the opioid. The results extend previous findings of a yohimbine‐sensitive, neurotoxic effect of morphine on NG108‐15 cells. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postoperative 125I brachytherapy delivered by digital model obturators for recurrent or locally advanced maxillary cancers
Authors: Huang Ming‐wei , Zhang Jian‐guo , Tong Dai , Zhang Jie , Zheng Lei , Zhang Yi , Yu Guang‐yan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of postoperative 125I brachytherapy delivered by use of digital model obturators for recurrent or locally advanced maxillary cancers.Study Design:Retrospective study.Methods:From 2006 to 2008, 12 patients (seven females; median age, 65 years; range, 22–86 years) with recurrent or locally advanced maxillary cancers showing positive margins after surgery underwent 125I brachytherapy by use of digital model obturators and interstitial implants. The radioactivity was 18.5 to 33.3 MBq per seed, and the prescription dose was 80 to 160 Gy. Functional outcome of patients was evaluated by the Performance Status Scale (PSS) for head and neck cancer before and after brachytherapy.Results:The 125I seeds and dosages were well distributed in the radiation fields, and all patients had higher PSS scores after than before treatment with obturators. During a median follow‐up of 53 months (range, 28–62 months), local control at 3 and 5 years was 83.3% and 66.7%, respectively, with a mean local control time of 53.5 ± 3.79 months. Overall survival at 3 and 5 years was 91.7% and 71.4%, respectively, with a mean survival time of 56.6 ± 2.99 months. Two patients died due to local recurrence, and one patient died due to lung metastasis. No patient had severe complications during follow‐up.Conclusions:125I brachytherapy delivered by digital model obturator is effective in treating maxillary cancers with positive margins after maxillectomy for advanced or recurrent cancer. The method may improve the quality of life of patients with maxillary defects. Laryngoscope, 2012
Total airway reconstruction
Authors: Connor Matthew P. , Barrera Jose E. , Eller Robert , McCusker Scott , O'Connor Peter 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present a case of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that required multilevel surgical correction of the airway and literature review and discuss the role supraglottic laryngeal collapse can have in OSA. A 34‐year‐old man presented to a tertiary otolaryngology clinic for treatment of OSA. He previously had nasal and palate surgeries and a Repose tongue suspension. His residual apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was 67. He had a dysphonia associated with a true vocal cord paralysis following resection of a benign neck mass in childhood. He also complained of inspiratory stridor with exercise and intolerance to continuous positive airway pressure. Physical examination revealed craniofacial hypoplasia, full base of tongue, and residual nasal airway obstruction. On laryngoscopy, the paretic aryepiglottic fold arytenoid complex prolapsed into the laryngeal inlet with each breath. This was more pronounced with greater respiratory effort. Surgical correction required a series of operations including awake tracheostomy, supraglottoplasty, midline glossectomy, genial tubercle advancement, maxillomandibular advancement, and reconstructive rhinoplasty. His final AHI was 1.9. Our patient's supraglottic laryngeal collapse constituted an area of obstruction not typically evaluated in OSA surgery. In conjunction with treating nasal, palatal, and hypopharyngeal subsites, our patient's supraglottoplasty represented a key component of his success. This case illustrates the need to evaluate the entire upper airway in a complicated case of OSA. Laryngoscope, 2012
Prevention of gentamicin‐induced apoptosis with the mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant mitoquinone
Authors: Ojano‐Dirain Carolyn P. , Antonelli Patrick J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Antioxidants have been shown to protect against aminoglycoside‐induced hearing loss. Mitoquinone (MitoQ) is a mitochondria‐targeted derivative of the antioxidant ubiquinone. MitoQ is attached to a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation, which enables its accumulation inside the mitochondria several hundred‐fold over the untargeted antioxidant. The goals of this study were to determine if MitoQ attenuates gentamicin‐induced activation of caspase‐3/7 activity as a marker of apoptosis and to determine if MitoQ impacts aminoglycoside antimicrobial efficacy.Study Design:Prospective and controlled.Methods:Antibiotic efficacy and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of gentamicin against three strains each of Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated with and without MitoQ using broth dilution methods. Apoptosis was assessed by caspase‐3/7 activity in untreated HEI‐OC1 cells and cells exposed to 2 mM gentamicin for 24 hours, with and without a 24‐hour preincubation with 0.5 μM each of MitoQ, idebenone (an untargeted ubiquinone), or decylTPP (positive control).Results:Gentamicin MICs for P aeruginosa and H influenzae were not affected by MitoQ at pharmacological levels. MICs for S aureus were enhanced by MitoQ. Cell viability was significantly lower in the gentamicin‐treated cells. A significant increase in caspase‐3/7 activity was observed in cells treated with gentamicin or with idebenone + gentamicin (P = .005). Preincubation with MitoQ decreased the gentamicin‐induced apoptosis of HEI‐OC1 cells to a greater extent compared to idebenone (P = .002).Conclusions:MitoQ attenuates gentamicin‐induced apoptosis in HEI‐OC1 cells and does not compromise gentamicin antibiotic efficacy. MitoQ holds promise as a means of preventing aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Laryngoscope, 2012
Interpolated subcutaneous fat pedicle melolabial flap for large nasal lining defects
Authors: Griffin Garrett R. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Moyer Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFull‐thickness nasal deformities are a reconstructive challenge. Restoration of a reliable internal lining is critical for a successful reconstruction. Septal hinge flaps are the workhorse for internal lining defects. However, these and other intranasal mucosal flaps are sometimes unavailable due to prior harvest or previous oncologic resection. We present the two‐stage interpolated subcutaneous fat pedicle melolabial flap for lining large defects when traditional intranasal flaps are unavailable. This approach is particularly useful when one forehead flap has already been expended, preserving the patient's remaining forehead tissue for external cover. Laryngoscope, 2012
Micro‐Engineered 3D Scaffolds for Cell Culture Studies
Authors: Greiner Alexandra M. , Richter Benjamin , Bastmeyer Martin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCells in physiological 3D environments differ considerably in morphology and differentiation from those in 2D tissue culture. Naturally derived polymer systems are frequently used to study cells in 3D. These 3D matrices are complex with respect to their chemical composition, mechanical properties, and geometry. Therefore, there is a demand for well‐defined 3D scaffolds to systematically investigate cell behavior in 3D. Here, fabrication techniques, materials, architectures, biochemical functionalizations, and mechanical properties of 3D scaffolds are discussed. In particular, work focusing on single cells and small cell assemblies grown in tailored synthetic 3D scaffolds fabricated by computer‐based techniques are reviewed and the influence of these environments on cell behavior is evaluated. magnified image
Encapsulation of Photosensitizer into Multilayer Microcapsules by Combination of Spontaneous Deposition and Heat‐Induced Shrinkage for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Han Yuanyuan , Bu Jing , Zhang Yuying , Tong Weijun , Gao Changyou 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAnnealing of PDADMAC/PSS multilayer microcapsules assembled on PSS‐doped CaCO3 particles at 80 °C for 30 min reduces their size dramatically from 6.9 ± 0.3 to 3.1 ± 0.5 µm. Methylene blue molecules are encapsulated by spontaneous deposition and post‐annealing with a concentration of 22 mg · mL−1, which is 1000 times higher than the feeding value. The unreleased MB molecules are retained stably for a long time, which are then protected by the capsules against reductive enzymes and keep their photodynamic activity. The viability of HeLa cells incubated with the MB‐loaded capsules decreases sharply from ≈75 (dark cytotoxicity) to ≈20% after irradiation with a laser at 671 nm and 60 J · cm−2 for 75 s. magnified image
Design of a Cellular‐Uptake‐Shielding Magnetic Catcher for Cancer Cell Separation
Authors: Wang Ya , Zhang Jing , Jia Hui‐Zhen , Yang Juan , Qin Si‐Yong , Liu Chen‐Wei , Zhuo Ren‐Xi , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFluorescent‐magnetic‐biotargeting multifunctional microcapsules (FMBMMs) are designed and fabricated via layer‐by‐layer assembly. It is found that the arginine‐glycine‐aspartate‐modified FMBMMs were capable of sensitively detecting and efficiently isolating approximately 80% target cancer cells within 20 min. More importantly, FMBMMs present a general template for identifying and separating multiple types of cancer cells simply by altering the recognition motif. magnified image
Rheology and biodegradation of polylactide/silica nanocomposites
Authors: Li Yi , Han Changyu , Bian Junjia , Han Lijing , Dong Lisong , Gao Ge 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSilica‐filled polylactide (PLA) nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding. The oscillatory rheological properties and biodegradation behavior were then investigated. As the silica loadings reach up to 5 wt%, percolated silica network structures form. For the percolated PLA/silica nanocomposites sample (the silica content was >5 wt%), the modulus enhances with an increase of temperature evidently. Moreover, it is interesting to find that the biodegradation rates have been enhanced obviously in the PLA/silica nanocomposites than in neat PLA. The erosion mechanism of neat PLA and the PLA/silica nanocomposites was further discussed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Improvement of polyamide 1010 with silica nanospheres via in situ melt polycondensation
Authors: Yan Manqing , Yang Hongjun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPolyamide 1010 (PA1010) had been prepared by in situ melt polycondensation in presence of silica nanospheres with amine groups on the surfaces (SiO2NH2). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements demonstrated that the nanosphere surface was grafted with PA1010 chains. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements showed that the PA1010/SiO2NH2 nanocomposites had a lower degree of crystallinity (χc) in comparison with PA1010 and PA1010/SiO2 nanocomposites. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that SiO2NH2 nanospheres improved glass transition temperature (Tg), tensile strength and storage modulus of PA1010 since SiO2–NH2 nanospheres limited the mobility of PA1010 chains. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Improving the bonding strength of laminated composites by optimizing fabric composition
Authors: Mahmood Ali Hasan , Gong R.H. , Porat I. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDelamination is the most common failure mode in laminated composites due to the weaker strength in the through‐the‐thickness direction. Air‐jet texturing is used to produce bulk and loops in the yarn which provides more contact surface between fibers and resin. The development and characterization of core‐and‐effect textured glass yarns and the effect of texturing on the mechanical properties of laminated composites were presented in previous papers. This article describes the optimization of textured composites by varying the type and combination of constituent yarns for improving the mechanical properties. Composites with combinations of various textured yarns and non‐textured yarns were made. It was observed that the composites made from fabrics having non‐textured yarn in the warp and core‐and‐effect textured yarn in the weft had the best combination of mechanical properties. They maintained the tensile and flexure properties of composites with non‐textured yarns but had significantly higher interlaminar shear strength. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Influence of silane‐coupling agents on the performance of morphological, mechanical, thermal, electrical, and rheological properties of polycarbonate/fly ash composites
Authors: Parvaiz Mohammad Rahail 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFly ash, waste product of thermal power station, generated in huge quantities has been posing problems of its disposal. As such, it contains a variety of inorganic oxide and is available in finely powder form. Attempts have been made for its utilization, as filler in engineering plastic. The fly ash (FA) fillers reinforced polycarbonate (PC) composites were fabricated using a economically and environmentally viable method of melt extrusion and compression molding technique. The FA surface was chemically modified using vinyltrimethoxysilane and 3–Aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The feasibility of using treated FA/PC composites was examined in terms of scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and rheological behavior. The morphology shows a good dispersion and strong interfacial interaction between PC and modified FA than the unmodified counterpart. Mechanical investigation manifested that modified FAs have strengthening effect (increase in tensile and flexural strength) on the mechanical performance of PC composites. Rheological behavior of PC/FA composites was characterized by parallel plate rheometer system. Addition of treated FA imparted dimensional and thermal stability, which has been observed in scanning electron micrographs and in thermogravimetric analysis plot. The increase of thermal stability has been explained based on increased mechanical interlocking of PC chains inside the structure of FA. This study shows that surface modification of FA is one of the key factors influencing the mechanical and thermal properties of PC/FA composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Contact engineering for nano‐scale CMOS
Authors: Hussain Muhammad , Fahad Hossain , Qaisi Ramy 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHigh performance computation with longer battery lifetime is an essential component in our today's digital electronics oriented life. To achieve these goals, field effect transistors based complementary metal oxide semiconductor play the key role. One of the critical requirements of transistor structure and fabrication is efficient contact engineering. To catch up with high performance information processing, transistors are going through continuous scaling process. However, it also imposes new challenges to integrate good contact materials in a small area. This can be counterproductive as smaller area results in higher contact resistance thus reduced performance for the transistor itself. At the same time, discovery of new one or two‐dimensional materials like nanowire, nanotube, or atomic crystal structure materials, introduces new set of challenges and opportunities. In this paper, we are reviewing them in a synchronized fashion: fundamentals of contact engineering, evolution into non‐planar field effect transistors, opportunities and challenges with one and two‐dimensional materials and a new opportunity of contact engineering from device architecture perspective.
Electron and hole energy relaxation rates in GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells via deformation potential and piezoelectric scattering
Authors: Tiras Engin , Ardali Sukru 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe two‐dimensional (2D) electron and hole energy relaxation associated with acoustic phonon emission in n‐ and p‐type modulation doped Ga0.7In0.3NyAs1–y/GaAs quantum wells has been investigated experimentally using Shubnikov‐de Haas (SdH) effect measurements performed as a function of lattice temperature and applied electric field. Nitrogen concentration dependence of the effective mass and quantum lifetime of the 2D electrons in the n‐type samples have been determined from the temperature and magnetic field dependencies of the amplitude of SdH oscillations, respectively. The in‐plane effective mass of the 2D electrons increases when the nitrogen mole fraction is increased from y = 0.004 to 0.010 but remains the same when it is increased to y = 0.015. The values obtained for quantum lifetime suggest that interface roughness is the dominating scattering mechanism in n‐type Ga0.7In0.3NyAs1–y/GaAs quantum wells. The electron temperature (Te) of hot electrons and the hole temperature (Th) of hot holes have been obtained from the lattice temperature (TL) and applied electric field dependencies of amplitude of SdH oscillations. The experimental results for the electron/hole temperature dependence of power loss are compared with the current theoretical models for power loss in 2D semiconductors, which include both piezoelectric and deformation‐potential scattering. For n‐type samples, the power loss from the electrons is found to be proportional to (T–T) with γ in the range from 3.48 to 4.66, indicating that the energy relaxation of electrons is due to acoustic phonon emission via unscreened piezoelectric interaction. For the p‐type sample, the power loss is approximately proportional to (T–T). This behavior is in accord with the theoretical predictions for the variation of power loss with hole temperature for a 2D hole gas in the equipartition regime.
Optical properties of erbium doped antimony based glasses: Promising visible and infrared amplifiers materials
Authors: Hamzaoui M. , Soltani M. T. , Baazouzi M. , Tioua B. , Ivanova Z. G. , Lebullenger R. , Poulain M. , Zavadil J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHighly stable glasses in the (70 − x)Sb2O320Na2O10ZnOxEr2O3 (x = 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mol%) system have been prepared and investigated by UV–Vis–NIR absorption, near infrared photoluminescence and time‐resolved spectroscopy. Judd–Ofelt study has been used to determine the intensity parameters (Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6), spontaneous emission probabilities, branching ratios, and radiative lifetimes (τR) related to the corresponding optical transitions of Er3+ ions. Details of the emission at ∼1530 nm and spectroscopic characteristics such as the stimulated emission cross‐section (σe), effectiveband width (Δλeff), quantum efficiency, and the optical gain have been summarized, accounting the role of the increased Er content. The obtained results indicate that these new low phonon energy glasses could be used as a laser medium and for optical amplification in the 1.5 µm region. In particular, the composition containing 0.5 mol% Er2O3 exhibits optimal values of Ω2 (4.5 × 10−20 cm2), Δλeff = 57 nm, σe = 7.28 × 10−21 cm2, τmeas (3.36 ms), and quantum efficiency of the 4I13/2 level of Er3+ ions ∼71%.