bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corpus methods in pragmatics: The case of English and Russian emotions
Authors: Apresjan Valentina 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The present paper is a comparative corpus study of the verbal expression of emotional etiquette in American English and Russian. The study is conducted against the backdrop of certain assumptions regarding the cross-cultural centrality and marginality of emotions as formulated in the current research on cross-cultural pragmatics. The paper employs corpus-based methods to test the frequencies of the linguistic expression of different types of emotions in Russian and American English as encountered in diagnostic contexts of first-person reporting. Contrary to many currently accepted theories, the present study demonstrates no absolute prevalence of positive or ethical over negative or non-ethical emotions in Russian or American English. It also disproves certain more specific claims (the predominance of ‘pity’ in Russian), while confirming others (prominence of ‘shame’ in Russian). Certain tendencies in emotional etiquette lean toward cross-cultural universality (e.g., ‘gratitude’ as the most frequently expressed emotion), while others differ. Overall, Russian speakers tend to report more passive negative emotions (‘fear’), while English speakers prefer reporting active negative emotions (‘anger’). Russian speakers are more “self-deprecating” than English speakers, as they favor expressing ‘shame’ over ‘pride.’ At the same time, they show less empathy with the addressee, reporting more ‘contempt’-like and less ‘pity’-like emotions. The results obtained in this study can be useful for understanding and formulating culturally specific pragmatic peculiarities and hence preferred conversational strategies in the two languages.
What goes unsaid: Expression of complaints and advice about health in Eastern Ecuador
Authors: Hardin Karol J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In this article, I examine patient complaints and folk wisdom in the context of doctor-patient communication in Eastern Ecuador. The study specifically focuses on implied information in complaints to physicians and on folk-medical advice in which speakers mean something different from what they state literally. Data were obtained from Spanish-speaking medical personnel as well as from participant observation over a period of years. Physicians initially experienced cross-cultural misunderstandings with patients; however, with experience, they were able to work out the meaning of implicatures to diagnose and treat disease appropriately. The discussion particularly draws from Grice's (1975) maxims and resulting implicatures to describe how common complaints and folk wisdom may be realized and interpreted. The study demonstrates the importance of understanding context in order to comprehend patients' messages.
Non-islet cell tumor-induced hypoglycemia: a report of five cases and brief review of the literature
Authors: Dutta Pinaki , Aggarwal Anuradha , Gogate Yashpal , Nahar Uma , Shah Viral N , Singla Mandeep , Khandelwal N , Bhansali Anil 
Published: November 2013

Summary
We describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic and management issues in five cases of non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH), diagnosed at a tertiary care institute over a period of 15 years. The clinical, laboratory, and histopathological findings of these patients along with diagnostic utility of IGF2:IGF1 ratio are discussed. The mean age of presentation was 52 years, with a male predominance (3:2). Three patients presented with recurrent episodes of fasting hypoglycemia and it was detected in other two patients during hospitalization. Two patients had acromegaloid features that regressed following treatment. One patient had hypokalemia. Low levels of insulin, C-peptide, GH, and IGF1 were invariably found in all. The IGF2 level was elevated in only one patient; however, IGF2:IGF1 ratio was more than 10 in four of the five patients. The mean tumor size was 16.4 cm and mean weight was 3.6 kg. Four patients had mesenchymal tumors and one had epithelial tumor. NICTH is a rare cause of hypoglycemia. Hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia with low IGF1 and IGF2:IGF1 ratio more than 10 is suggestive of this entity.

Learning points

NICTH should be considered in patients presenting with tumor of mesenchymal origin and hypoglycemia.

Hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia with low IGF1 is a strong biochemical evidence of NICTH.

IGF2:IGF1 ratio of more than 10 is a complementary investigation in the absence of an assay facility for IGF2.
ZOLA, 13 janvier 1898
Authors: Drossart Francis 
Published: November 2013

Acte résistant s’il en fut, le « J’Accuse !... » de Zola est aussi un monument de la littérature : tout son sens est donné ici au terme d’« écrivain-martyr ». Fidèle à son credo naturaliste, l’auteur des Rougon-Macquart est là encore à la recherche de la vérité. Sa démarche d’investigation s’opposant à la haine de la vérité et de la connaissance qui anime les anti-dreyfusards, renouvelle, décrit et met en scène l’éternel conflit entre Œdipe et Tirésias.
Decadal warming of coastal China Seas and coupling with winter monsoon and currents
Authors: Oey L.‐Y. , Chang M.‐C. , Chang Y.‐L. , Lin Y.‐C. , Xu F.‐H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn recent decades, wintertime sea surface temperatures off the eastern coast of China have steadily increased. The warming is accompanied by on‐coast wind convergence across East China Sea and by stronger northeasterly wind which is spatially inhomogeneous being greatest in the Taiwan Strait. Strong winds favor more frequent cross‐shelf currents and vigorous spreading of heat from the Kuroshio, which warms the coastal sea in a positive feedback loop. The process also weakens the East Asian winter monsoon over eastern China, contributing to its decoupling from the recent rebound of the Siberian High.
Coated HZSM‐5 catalyst with aluminophosphate for methanol dehydration to produce dimethyl ether reaction
Authors: Tavan Yadollah 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe precipitation method was used to modify HZSM‐5 by coating it with aluminophosphate at P/Al molar ratios of 0.3, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.5. These catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, NH3‐temperature‐programmed desorption, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Fourier transform infrared, Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP‐OES) and scanning electron microscopy and evaluated as catalysts for the methanol dehydration reaction. The ZALPO0.8 catalyst achieved 86% conversion, which was the highest conversion till 315 °C. It was found that primary benefits of AlPO modification were that it tended to retard the activity of the highly active acid sites, which promote dimethyl ether decomposition and led to decrease in the apparent activation energy. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐Pot Palladium‐Catalyzed Borrowing Hydrogen Synthesis of Thioethers
Authors: Corma Avelino , Navas Javier , Ródenas Tania , Sabater María J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPalladium on magnesium oxide is able to allow a one‐pot reaction to synthesize thioethers from thiols and aldehydes formed in situ from the respective alcohol by means of a borrowing hydrogen method. The reaction is initiated by dehydrogenation of the alcohol to give a palladium hydride intermediate and an aldehyde. The latter reacts with a thiol involving most probably the intermediacy of a thionium ion RCHS+R, which can be reduced in situ by the metal hydride to afford thioethers.
Voltage Control of Static Var Compensator for a Remote System Interconnected by Long‐Distance AC Cables
Authors: Tamura Yuji , Takasaki Shinji , Miyazaki Yasuyuki , Takeda Hideo , Irokawa Shoichi , Takagi Kikuo , Nagaoka Naoto 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThe voltage variation in a remote system is large when the system is connected by long‐distance AC cables due to the cable capacitance. In Japan, the longest 54‐km 66‐kV AC submarine cable interconnection between the Kyushu mainland and Goto Islands was commissioned in 2005. It was requested to mitigate the voltage variation caused by switching off and on one circuit of the two circuits in the AC cables when a fault occurs. Since the conventional voltage control methods such as transformer tap changer or shunt capacitor and reactor banks are not sufficient because of their slow response time, a static var compensator (SVC) was installed on the Goto Islands. In such an application, an SVC control method should be developed so as not to override the existing voltage control systems. This paper describes the SVC control method developed for the Goto Islands AC interconnection project, which can be applied to similar situations. The effectiveness of the control method was verified by the results of effective value simulation and of field testing, which was implemented before the SVC was commissioned in 2007. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(3): 19–30, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22337
Diagnosis of Stator‐Winding‐Turn Faults of Induction Motor by Direct Detection of Negative Sequence Currents
Authors: Kato Toshiji , Inoue Kaoru , Yoshida Keisuke 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYIn an AC motor, the quick detection of an initially small fault is important for preventing any consequent large fault. Various detection approaches have been proposed in previous papers, for example, by the Park vector (PV), AI techniques, wavelet analysis, and negative sequence analysis. This paper proposes a method for diagnosing a stator winding fault in an induction motor by the direct detection of its negative sequence current. Before starting the diagnosis, the asymmetry admittances for the considered fault cases are obtained by analysis or simulation. The amplitude and phase of the positive sequence voltage, Vp, and of the positive sequence current, Ip, are extracted from the voltage PV and current PV, respectively. The amplitude and phase of the negative sequence, In, are extracted from the residue. The asymmetry admittance, Ya, is calculated from In and Vp. When the positive sequence admittance is known, Ya can also be calculated from Yp, Ip, and In. These steps are repeated for each sample time and the motor condition is diagnosed according to the variations in the Ya values. The simulation and experimental results are also shown, and the proposed method is investigated and validated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(3): 75–84, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22350
Optimization of Electric Power Leveling Systems by Taper‐Off‐Reflectance Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Makino Yohei , Fujii Toshinori , Imai Jun , Funabiki Shigeyuki 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYIt has become desirable to develop energy control technologies for environmental issues such as global warming and exhaustion of fossil fuel. Power fluctuations in large power consumer facilities may cause instability of electric power systems and increase the cost of the electric power facilities and electricity charges. Developing electric power leveling systems (EPLS) to compensate power fluctuations is necessary for future electric power systems. EPLS with an SMES has been proposed as one countermeasure for use in electric power quality improvement. SMES is superior to other energy storage devices in response and storage efficiency. The authors have proposed EPLS based on fuzzy control with SMES. For this practical implementation, optimizing the control gain and SMES capacity is an important issue. This paper proposes a new method for optimization of the EPLS. The proposed algorithm is a novel particle swarm optimization based on taper‐off reflectance (TRPSO). The proposed TRPSO optimizes the design variables of the EPLS efficiently and effectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(3): 10–18, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22472
Measuring Social Learning in Participatory Approaches to Natural Resource Management
Authors: van der Wal Merel , De Kraker Joop , Offermans Astrid , Kroeze Carolien , Kirschner Paul A. , van Ittersum Martin 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe role of social learning as a governance mechanism in natural resource management has been frequently highlighted, but progress in finding evidence for this role and gaining insight into the conditions that promote it are hampered by the lack of operational definitions of social learning and practical methods to measure it. In this article, we present a simple and flexible method to measure social learning, whether it has occurred and to what extent, among stakeholders in natural resource management. The method yields measurements of social learning that are visual, quantitative and qualitative. First, we elaborate our definition of social learning as a convergence of perspectives and outline how stakeholder perspectives in natural resource management can be described with Cultural Theory. Next, we provide a generic description of the method, followed by two examples illustrating its application to the domains of water and land management. Finally, we discuss relative strengths and weaknesses of the method and how it could be applied to improve our understanding of factors that contribute to social learning. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Challenges of implementing a primary health care strategy in a context of a market‐oriented health care system: the experience of Bogota, Colombia
Authors: Mosquera Paola A. , Hernández Jineth , Vega Román , Labonte Ronald , Sanders David , Dahlblom Kjerstin , San Sebastián Miguel 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYBackgroundAlthough Colombia has a health system based on market and neoliberal principles, in 2004, the government of the capital—Bogota—took the decision to formulate a health policy that included the implementation of a comprehensive primary health care (PHC) strategy. This study aims to identify the enablers and barriers to the PHC implementation in Bogota.MethodsThe study used a qualitative multiple case study methodology. Seven Bogota's localities were included. Eighteen semi‐structured interviews with key informants (decision‐makers at each locality and members of the District Health Secretariat) and fourteen FGDs (one focus group with staff members and one with community members) were carried out. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsThe main enablers found across the district and local levels showed a similar pattern, all were related to the good will and commitment of actors at different levels. Barriers included the approach of the national policies and a health system based on neoliberal principles, the lack of a stable funding source, the confusing and rigid guidelines, the high turnover of human resources, the lack of competencies among health workers regarding family focus and community orientation, and the limited involvement of institutions outside the health sector in generating intersectoral responses and promoting community participation.ConclusionSignificant efforts are required to overcome the market approach of the national health system. Interventions must be designed to include well‐trained and motivated human resources, as well as to establish available and stable financial resources for the PHC strategy. © 2013 The Authors. International Journal of Health Planning and Management published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some Reactions of 3‐Hydroxy‐6‐Methoxythianaphthene
Authors: Buu‐Hoï N. P. , Saint‐Ruf G. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract3‐Hydroxy‐6‐methoxythianaphthene reacts in its 3‐keto form with various aryl‐, quinolyl‐, and isoquinolyl‐hydrazines to give the corresponding hydrazones, which readily undergo indolisation to the corresponding thianaphthenoindoles. The latter compounds were prepared for testing as potential carcinogens. 3‐Hydroxy‐6‐methoxythianaphthene also condenses in its keto form with isatin, under the conditions of the Pfitzinger reaction.
Aminolytic Reactions of α‐Bromo‐γ‐Butyrolactone with Aniline
Authors: Frankel M. , Knobler Y. , Friedman‐Yehudai Yael 
Published: November 2013

AbstractActivation of γ‐butyrolactone by α‐halogenation enhanced acyl‐oxygen fission with an aromatic amine.The dependence on reaction temperature of α‐amination, and of oxygen‐acyl or of oxygen‐alkyl aminolytic cleavage was studied.Heating of α‐phenylamino‐γ‐hydroxybutyranilide in aniline led to γ‐lactam formation through an intermediary γ‐lactonization and subsequent alkyl‐oxygen γ‐aminolytic fission.The preparation of N‐phenylhomoserine and derivatives, and a direct conversion of an α‐halogeno‐γ‐hydroxy acid lactone into an α, γ‐diaminobutyric acid derivative (1‐phenyl‐3‐phenylaminopyrrolidin‐2‐one) are described.
TRANSPOSITION DES PHENYLACETATES D'ARYLE SELON FRIES
Authors: Van‐Thoï Le‐ , Van‐Hoang Nguyen‐ 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Fries transposition of phenyl, p‐tolyl and o‐tolyl phenylacetates was studied. The properties of the ortho‐ and para‐hydroxyketones obtained in this transposition were examined. Particularly, the reaction of ethyl formate or acetic anhydride on the o‐hydroxydesoxybenzoin leads to the corresponding isoflavones.
On the Chemical Basis of the Biological Actions of Ionizing Radiations
Authors: Stein G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWater, present in irradiated biological systems may modify the radiation effects, compared, with dry solids, both in direct and in indirect action. The possible role of solvated electrons in such reactions are discussed. Model systems are described in which, without the assumption of energy transfer, the action of ionizing radiations is concentrated on suitable acceptors present in low concentration (e.g. 10 −5 M ferricyanide or cytochrome C) in the presence of up to 20% gel‐forming protein, e.g. gelatine. Oxygen effects are described.
On Derivatives of 2,5‐Dichlorophenylhydrazine
Authors: Frohwein Y.Z. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFour new derivatives of 2,5 dichlorophenylhydrazine are described. Two of these compounds were used to identify the acid hydrolysis products of the dialdehyde obtained by the periodate oxidation of methyl α‐D‐glucopyranoside.
Liquid Ion‐Exchange Membranes (LIEMs) in Electrodialysis Processes
Authors: Noam M. , Marcus Y. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn a series of preliminary experiments it was shown that LIEMs can be substituted for solid membranes in the conventional electrodialysis process. A specific mass transfer was demonstrated, causing either an increase or a decrease in the concentration of aqueous salt solutions, depending on the experimental set‐up. The liquid membranes tested were shown to be ion‐permselective.
Polarographic Reduction of Benzoate in Acetonitrile
Authors: Takahashi Reiji , Elving Philip J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe polarographic wave observed for acetonitrile solutions of benzoic acid is due to reduction of the acid proton; the apparent diffusion current constant for the wave increases with concentration of benzoic acid as expected for the reduction of the acidic proton of a slightly dissociated acid. No wave was observed for ethyl benzoate.
New Infrared Study of Water in Ion Exchange Resins
Authors: Cohen Rosel , Peretz J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe water present in cation and anion exchange resins for a series of counter‐ions was examined spectroscopically using the 1.9 μ water band. The spectrum of the water in the resins dried to constant weight was characteristic for the counter‐ion present. The changes in the wavelength of the maximum absorbance was compared to the behaviour of the spectrum of ions in solution. The spectra of these resins were also related to the hydration numbers of various ions.
Organometallic Studies. XXXII. Iron π‐Complexes of Some Polyunsaturated Terpenes
Authors: Dell D. , Maoz N. , Cais M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe reactions between iron carbonyls and the terpenes myrcene, alloocimene, and methyl levopimarate have been investigated. Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra are reported for the newly prepared dieneiron tricarbonyl complexes.
Ethical issues in laryngology: Tracheal stenting as palliative care
Authors: Kazi Aasif A. , Flowers W. Jeffrey , Barrett Jeanna M. , O'Rourke Ashli K. , Postma Gregory N. , Weinberger Paul M. 
Published: November 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo improve understanding of aspects of end‐of‐life care that may not be intuitive to the otolaryngology community.Data Sources and Review MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature was performed by searching Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar databases. Primary manuscripts' bibliographies were reviewed to identify any nonindexed references. Prospective consultation by means of one‐on‐one interviews was sought from nonotolaryngology key stakeholders in the areas of hospice nursing care and patient advocacy in order to identify pertinent issues.ResultsWe identified over 1,000 articles published from 1965 to 2013 on the topic of tracheal stents, as well as over 40,000 on hospice/end‐of‐life care. Three articles focusing specifically on palliative care and airway stenting were identified, of which three were case reports and none were definitive reviews. There are a number of significant issues and concepts unique to hospice care. These are likely unfamiliar to all except for head and neck oncology‐specialized otolaryngologists. An example is that hospice care focuses on quality of life rather than prolongation of life (such as curative surgery). Patients with nonoperable tracheal obstruction from malignancy face an unpleasant demise from suffocation. For those patients, stenting can relieve suffering by restoring airway patency.ConclusionsAirway stenting can be a valid palliative care option, even for terminal patients receiving hospice care, when performed to relieve airway obstruction and improve quality of life. End‐of‐life ethics is an underdeveloped area of otolaryngology that should be explored. Laryngoscope, 124:1663–1667, 2014
Solution of elasticity of a circular inclusion in infinite thin plates on the relations between hole and inclusion problem
Authors: Amstutz H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDie hier angewendete Methode zur Ableitung der elastizitätstheoretischen Lösung einer unendlichen Scheibe mit kreisförmigem Einschluss ungleicher Steifigkeit unter uniformer äußerer Zugspannung basiert auf der speziellen Deformationscharakteristik dieser Einschlussgeometrie. Ausgehend von der Analysis der Scheibe mit kreisförmigem Loch wird die exakte Lösung des allgemeinen Einschlussproblems durch Überlagerung eines spezifischen inneren Spannungsfeldes erhalten.