bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat specifity, endemism and the neotropical distribution of Amazonian white‐water floodplain trees
Authors: Wittmann Florian , Householder Ethan , Piedade Maria T. F. , de Assis Rafael L. , Schöngart Jochen , Parolin Pia , Junk Wolfgang J. 
Published: December 2012

.The Amazon basin is covered by the most species‐rich forests in the world and is considered to house many endemic tree species. Yet, most Amazonian ecosystems lack reliable estimates of their degree of endemism, and causes of tree diversity and endemism are intense matters of debate. We reviewed the spatial distribution of 658 of the most important flood‐tolerant Amazonian white‐water (várzea) tree species across the entire Neotropics by using data from herbaria, floras, inventories and checklists. Our results show that 90% of the várzea tree species are partially or widely distributed across neotropical macro‐regions and biomes. Chi‐square analyses indicated that várzea species richness in non‐várzea macro‐regions was dependent on the flooding gradient and the longitudinal position. Cluster analysis combined with association tests indicated four significant patterns of várzea species distributions depending on species flood‐tolerance (low vs high) and spatial distribution (restricted vs widespread). We predict that the predominance of Andean substrates is the most important factor that determines the distribution of várzea tree species within and beyond the Amazon basin and explains the high floristic similarity to the Orinoco floodplains. Distribution patterns in other extra‐Amazonian macro‐regions are more likely linked to climatic factors, with rainforest climates housing more várzea species than savanna climates. 130 tree species were restricted to South‐American freshwater floodplains, and 68 (> 10%) were endemic to Amazonian várzea. We detected two centers of endemism, one in the western Amazon characterized by low and brief floods, and one in the central Amazon, characterized by high and prolonged floods. Differences in taxonomic composition of endemic centers in the western and central Amazon are the result of different abiotic factors (i.e. flood regimes), as well as the regional species pools from where the species are recruited from.We hypothesize that numerous morphological, physiological and biochemical adaptations permit survival of trees in flooded environments. Furthermore, these adaptations are independently derived across many taxa and result in a highly specialized flora. We attribute higher than expected levels of endemism to the great spatial extent and age of floodplain ecosystems in the Amazon basin, and highlight the role of Amazonian várzea as an potential driver in speciation and diversification processes.
Therapy with compression stockings in Germany – results from the Bonn Vein Studies
Authors: Rabe Eberhard , Hertel Sabine , Bock Eva , Hoffmann Barbara , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz , Pannier Felizitas 
Published: December 2012

SummaryBackground: Despite the frequent use of medical compression stockings (MCS), reliable data are lacking on the frequency of MCS use and experience of patients with the treatment.Patients and methods: The Bonn Vein Study included 3,072 participants from the general population aged 18 to 79 years (1,350 men/1,722 women). Between 2007 and 2008 (Bonn Vein Study 2) 1,978 participants from the Bonn Vein Study 1 were reinvestigated. This paper combines the results of both investigations.Results: 14.6% (7.5% men, 20.3% women) reported having previously undergone treatment with compression stockings. A mean of 71.3% reported an improvement in their venous disease as a result of MCS treatment. During the 6.6 years of follow‐up (Bonn Vein Study 2), significantly more prescriptions of MCS were given to patients in higher CEAP clinical stages. 12.2% of the population in C2 was treated with MCS as were 19.1% in C3 and 27.0% in C4–C6. Among participants with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) (skin changes up to venous ulcers), about 60% were not treated by MCS or bandages in the past years.Conclusions: These results show that MCS is the most common treatment of venous disorders in the German population. At the same time, these figures also demonstrate severely lacking treatment with MCS in CVI.
Optimization of the sex pheromone of the rice leaffolder moth Cnaphalocrocis medinalis as a monitoring tool in China
Authors: Wu J. , Wu X. , Chen H. , Xu L. , Liu G. , Mao B. , Quo R. , Du Y. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe crude extract from Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) has been identified to be (Z)‐11‐octadecenal (Z11‐18:Ald), (Z)‐13‐octadecenal (Z13‐18:Ald), (Z)‐11‐octadecen‐1‐ol (Z11‐18:OH) and (Z)‐13‐octadecen‐1‐ol (Z13‐18:OH) in the GC‐MS, confirming the results reported previously in Japan. Field evaluation in China showed that the optimal blend is Z11‐18:Ald, Z13‐18:Ald, Z11‐18:OH and Z13‐18:OH at a ratio of 3 : 25 : 3 : 3. The optimal dosage is 500 μg Z13‐18:Ald per PVC tubing lure. In August, trap catches were highest between 3:00 and 4:00 a.m., and no moths were caught before 12:00 a.m. or after 6:00 a.m. The impact of trap design and trap height placement was also evaluated in the paddy field. The sticky wing trap was better than the water pan trap. The number of moths captured by the electric grid trap was 1.7 times greater than caught by the sticky wing trap. The optimal trap height was 20 cm below the top of the rice plants (80 cm high). Pheromone lure formulated from 60 μg Z11‐18:Ald, 500 μg Z13‐18:Ald, 60 μg Z11‐18:OH and 60 μg Z13‐18:OH was effective for population monitoring in trial sites in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Guizhou, Chongqing and Hainan Provinces, encompassing both subtropical and temperate regions. Use of this synthetic pheromone blend provides a promising alternative to the currently used disturb and count method (DCM) for monitoring the population of C. medinalis in China.
Differential effects of methylphenidate and cocaine on GABA transmission in sensory thalamic nuclei
Authors: Goitia Belén , Raineri Mariana , González Laura E. , Rozas José L. , Garcia‐Rill Edgar , Bisagno Verónica , Urbano Francisco J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMethylphenidate (MPH) is widely used to treat children and adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Although MPH shares mechanistic similarities to cocaine, its effects on GABAergic transmission in sensory thalamic nuclei are unknown. Our objective was to compare cocaine and MPH effects on GABAergic projections between thalamic reticular and ventrobasal (VB) nuclei. Mice (P18‐30) were subjected to binge‐like cocaine and MPH acute and sub‐chronic administrations. Cocaine and MPH enhanced hyperlocomotion, although sub‐chronic cocaine‐mediated effects were stronger than MPH effects. Cocaine and MPH sub‐chronic administration altered paired‐pulse and spontaneous GABAergic input differently. The effects of cocaine on evoked paired‐pulse GABA‐mediated currents changed from depression to facilitation with the duration of the protocols used, while MPH induced a constant increase throughout the administration protocols. Thalamic reticular nucleus GAD67 and VB CaV3.1 protein levels were measured using western blot to better understand their link to increased GABA release. Both proteins were increased by sub‐chronic administration of cocaine. MPH showed effects on GABAergic transmission that seems less disruptive than cocaine. Unique effects of cocaine on postsynaptic VB calcium currents might explain deleterious cocaine effects on sensory thalamic nuclei. These results suggest that cocaine and MPH produced distinct presynaptic alterations on GABAergic transmission.
Mephedrone does not damage dopamine nerve endings of the striatum, but enhances the neurotoxicity of methamphetamine, amphetamine, and MDMA
Authors: Angoa‐Pérez Mariana , Kane Michael J. , Briggs Denise I. , Francescutti Dina M. , Sykes Catherine E. , Shah Mrudang M. , Thomas David M. , Kuhn Donald M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMephedrone (4‐methylmethcathinone) is a β‐ketoamphetamine stimulant drug of abuse with close structural and mechanistic similarities to methamphetamine. One of the most powerful actions associated with mephedrone is the ability to stimulate dopamine (DA) release and block its re‐uptake through its interaction with the dopamine transporter (DAT). Although mephedrone does not cause toxicity to DA nerve endings, its ability to serve as a DAT blocker could provide protection against methamphetamine‐induced neurotoxicity like other DAT inhibitors. To test this possibility, mice were treated with mephedrone (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg) prior to each injection of a neurotoxic regimen of methamphetamine (four injections of 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg at 2 h intervals). The integrity of DA nerve endings of the striatum was assessed through measures of DA, DAT, and tyrosine hydroxylase levels. The moderate to severe DA toxicity associated with the different doses of methamphetamine was not prevented by any dose of mephedrone but was, in fact, significantly enhanced. The hyperthermia caused by combined treatment with mephedrone and methamphetamine was the same as seen after either drug alone. Mephedrone also enhanced the neurotoxic effects of amphetamine and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine on DA nerve endings. In contrast, nomifensine protected against methamphetamine‐induced neurotoxicity. As mephedrone increases methamphetamine neurotoxicity, the present results suggest that it interacts with the DAT in a manner unlike that of other typical DAT inhibitors. The relatively innocuous effects of mephedrone alone on DA nerve endings mask a potentially dangerous interaction with drugs that are often co‐abused with it, leading to heightened neurotoxicity.
Baseline measures for a school‐based obesity control programme: Project Energize: Differences by ethnicity, rurality, age and school socio‐economic status
Authors: Rush Elaine , Reed Peter W , Simmons David , Coppinger Tara , McLennan Stephanie , Graham David 
Published: December 2012

AimSchool‐based interventions to tackle the rise in childhood overweight and obesity remain inconclusive and are often limited in their application to diverse populations. To inform and measure the effect of the implementation of a primary school‐based longitudinal randomised controlled nutrition and activity intervention, Project Energize, baseline measures of body size and blood pressure were required.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study stratified by age, sex, ethnicity, rurality and school socio‐economic‐status (school‐SES) measured body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (%BF), waist and resting blood pressure from 2752 5‐ and 10‐year‐old children (62% European, 31% Māori) representative of the Waikato region of New Zealand.ResultWaikato children have a high prevalence of overweight and obesity that is linked with hypertension. Cardiovascular risk factors including raised blood pressure and hypertension, waist and arm circumference and percentage body fat (%BF) were more prevalent in 10‐year‐olds, lower school‐SES and to some extent, urban living. In European children, BMI and waist circumference were similarly predictive of %BF, but for Māori children, waist circumference predicted %BF better than BMI.ConclusionsA variety of stratified, baseline measurements is important when designing school‐based interventions. In particular, waist circumference measures may be a more accurate predictor of %BF than BMI when determining measurement protocols that consider different ethnic groups and environments among children. The effect of targeted improvements of the school physical activity and nutrition environment on the rate of increase of weight, fatness and blood pressure in children should be examined.
Effect of a multifaceted intervention on documentation of vital signs and staff communication regarding deteriorating paediatric patients
Authors: McKay Heather , Mitchell Imogen A , Sinn Kam , Mugridge Heather , Lafferty Tony , Van Leuvan Chris , Mamootil Sarah , Abdel‐Latif Mohamed E 
Published: December 2012

AimTo evaluate the impact of newly designed Paediatric Early Warning Scores and an accompanying education package, COMPASS, on the frequency of documentation of vital signs and communication between health professionals and associated medical review in deteriorating paediatric patients.MethodsOne thousand fifty‐nine patients in the pre‐intervention phase and 899 in the post‐intervention phase were studied. The daily frequency of documentation of vital sign measurement, incidence of health professional communication and related medical reviews following clinical deterioration of a random subgroup of 262 pre‐intervention and 221 post‐intervention patients were studied in detail.ResultsThere were no significant differences in hospital mortality, medical emergency team reviews or unplanned admissions to critical care areas between the pre‐intervention and post‐intervention groups. There were significant increases in the post‐intervention group for the median daily frequency of documentation of respiratory effort (0.0 (0–0) to 7.8 (5.8–12.6), P < 0.001), capillary refill (0 (0–0) to 1.1 (0–3.1), P < 0.001), blood pressure (0 (0–1.1) to 0 (0–1.6), P = 0.007) and level of consciousness (0 (0–0) to 7.8 (5.8–12.0), P < 0.001) and appropriate communication concerning patient deterioration 63 (8.5%) to 216 (40.9%), P < 0.001). There was a significant reduction in the number of children fulfilling the medical emergency team criteria (102 (38.9%) to 45 (20.4), P < 0.001).ConclusionsA multifaceted intervention for the early recognition and response to clinical deterioration in children significantly improved documentation of vital signs, communication and time to medical review.
Why families choose not to participate in research: Feedback from non‐responders
Authors: Levickis Penny , Naughton Geraldine , Gerner Bibi , Gibbons Kay 
Published: December 2012

AimSubjects who did not respond to an invitation to participate in a community‐based randomised controlled trial for childhood obesity in Melbourne, Australia were approached to investigate reasons for non‐participation.MethodsBetween January and September 2007, 305 families were sent a brief questionnaire and invited to take part in the current study. Thirty‐seven questionnaires were returned and 12 parents agreed to a follow‐up interview. Questionnaire data were quantitatively analysed. The interviews were conducted via the telephone and provided detailed qualitative information on non‐participation.ResultsLack of time was cited as a main reason for non‐participation. Different aspects of time were discussed including lack of time to dedicate to a topic seen as low priority, overestimated perception of time for study commitments and the inappropriate timing of the request. Other major reasons for non‐participation included risk of negative experiences and the impact of the initial contact with the study.ConclusionsThis study illustrates the experiences of potential participants during the recruitment process, their perceptions of study commitments and how their previous experiences impact on their decision to participate in research. These findings provide insight into the decision not to participate in health research and could be used to modify recruitment procedures for future health research as a way of improving the recruitment experience for potential participants as well as enhancing recruitment rates.
The influence of the aridAndean high plateau on the phylogeography and population genetics of guanaco (Lama guanicoe) inSouthAmerica
Authors: Marin Juan C. , González Benito A. , Poulin Elie , Casey Ciara S. , Johnson Warren E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA comprehensive study of the phylogeography and population genetics of the largest wild artiodactyl in the arid and cold‐temperateSouthAmerican environments, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) was conducted. Patterns of molecular genetic structure were described using 514 bp of mtDNAsequence and 14 biparentally inherited microsatellite markers from 314 samples. These individuals originated from 17 localities throughout the current distribution acrossPeru,Bolivia,Argentina andChile. This confirmed well‐defined genetic differentiation and subspecies designation of populations geographically separated to the northwest (L. g. cacsilensis) and southeast (L. g. guanicoe) of the centralAndes plateau. However, these populations are not completely isolated, as shown by admixture prevalent throughout a limited contact zone, and a strong signal of expansion from north to south in the beginning of theHolocene. Microsatellite analyses differentiated three northwestern and 4–5 southeastern populations, suggesting patterns of genetic contact among these populations. Possible genetic refuges were identified, as were source‐sink patterns of gene flow at historical and recent time scales. Conservation and management of guanaco should be implemented with an understanding of these local population dynamics while also considering the preservation of broader adaptive variation and evolutionary processes.
Slc45a2 and V‐ATPase are regulators of melanosomal pH homeostasis in zebrafish, providing a mechanism for human pigment evolution and disease
Authors: Dooley Christopher M. , Schwarz Heinz , Mueller Kaspar P. , Mongera Alessandro , Konantz Martina , Neuhauss Stephan C. F. , Nüsslein‐Volhard Christiane , Geisler Robert 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWe present here the positional cloning of the Danio rerio albino mutant and show that the affected gene encodes Slc45a2. The human orthologous gene has previously been shown to be involved in human skin color variation, and mutations therein have been implicated in the disease OCA4. Through ultrastructural analysis of the melanosomes in albino alleles as well as the tyrosinase‐deficient mutant sandy, we add new insights into the role of Slc45a2 in the production of melanin. To gain further understanding of the role of Slc45a2 and its possible interactions with other proteins involved in melanization, we further analyzed the role of the V‐ATPase as a melanosomal acidifier. We show that it is possible to rescue the melanization potential of the albino melanosomes through genetic and chemical inhibition of V‐ATPase, thereby increasing internal melanosome pH.
Morality in Groups: On the Social‐Regulatory Functions of Right and Wrong
Authors: Ellemers Naomi , van den Bos Kees 
Published: December 2012

AbstractApplying what we know about group‐based identities and concerns allows us to improve our understanding of the ways in which morality is relevant to social judgments of right and wrong. We distinguish between three different social functions of moral standards and moral judgments. The identity defining function of morality indicates where people want to belong, and how they are regarded by others. The group dynamic function indicates consensual definitions of what is right and wrong that guide individual behavioral choices. The intergroup relations function of group morality, speaks to the way people tend to communicate with and behave towards members of other groups that have different moral standards.
Emotion Regulation: The Interplay of Culture and Genes
Authors: Kim Heejung S. , Sasaki Joni Y. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGiven the mounting empirical evidence to support both the cultural and biological shaping of emotional processes, there is a clear need to integrate these determinants of emotional processes. Much in the same vein as these efforts, in our research on gene‐culture interactions, we have examined how cultural and biological factors jointly influence emotion regulation. The present paper specifically aims to present research considering both cultural and genetic factors as two interacting influences that shape emotion regulation. A series of studies conducted to test the gene‐culture interaction involving OXTRrs53576 consistently show that individuals with the variant that is associated with socio‐emotional sensitivity tend to utilize culturally normative forms of emotion regulation more than those without it. These findings underscore the importance of considering the interplay between socio‐cultural and genetic factors that shape social behaviors.
Survival of human islets in microbeads containing high guluronic acid alginate crosslinked with Ca2+ and Ba2+
Authors: Qi Meirigeng , Mørch Yrr , Lacík Igor , Formo Kjetil , Marchese Enza , Wang Yong , Danielson Kirstie K. , Kinzer Katie , Wang Shusen , Barbaro Barbara , Kolláriková Gabriela , Chorvát Dušan , Hunkeler David , Skjåk‐Bræk Gudmund , Oberholzer José , Strand Berit L. 
Published: December 2012

Qi M, Mørch Y, Lacík I, Formo K, Marchese E, Wang Y, Danielson KK, Kinzer K, Wang S, Barbaro B, Kolláriková G, Chorvát D Jr, Hunkeler D, Skjåk‐Bræk G, Oberholzer J, Strand BL. Survival of human islets in microbeads containing high guluronic acid alginate crosslinked with Ca2+ and Ba2+. Xenotransplantation 2012; 19: 355–364. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract: Background: The main hurdles to the widespread use of islet transplantation for the treatment of type 1 diabetes continue to be the insufficient number of appropriate donors and the need for immunosuppression. Microencapsulation has been proposed as a means to protect transplanted islets from the host’s immune system.Methods: This study investigated the function of human pancreatic islets encapsulated in Ca2+/Ba2+–alginate microbeads intraperitoneally transplanted in diabetic Balb/c mice.Results: All mice transplanted with encapsulated human islets (n = 29), at a quantity of 3000 islet equivalent (IEQ), achieved normoglycemia 1 day after transplantation and retained normoglycemia for extended periods of time (mean graft survival 134 ± 17 days). In comparison, diabetic Balb/c mice transplanted with an equal amount of non‐encapsulated human islets rejected the islets within 2 to 7 days after transplantation (n = 5). Microbeads retrieved after 232 days (n = 3) were found with little to no fibrotic overgrowth and contained viable insulin‐positive islets. Immunofluorescent staining on the retrieved microbeads showed F4/80‐positive macrophages and alpha smooth muscle actin–positive fibroblasts but no CD3‐positive T lymphocytes.Conclusions: The Ca2+/Ba2+–alginate microbeads can protect human islets from xenogeneic rejection in immunocompetent mice without immunosuppression. However, grafts ultimately failed likely secondary to a macrophage‐mediated foreign body reaction.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Novel Bacterial Strain, LSJC7, Belonging to the Family Enterobacteriaceae with Dual Resistance to Arsenic and Tetracycline
Authors: Su JianQiang , Ye Jun , Zhu YongGuan 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Strain LSJC7, with dual resistance to arsenic and tetracycline, was isolated from an antimony tailing in China. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence has the highest similarity to that of
Enterobacter cloacae
subsp.
dissolvens
LMG 2683
T
(97.02%). Here we present the approximately 4.6-Mbp draft genome sequence of strain LSJC7.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Biocontrol Strain Serratia plymuthica A30, Isolated from Rotting Potato Tuber Tissue
Authors: Czajkowski Robert , van der Wolf Jan M. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Serratia plymuthica
A30 is a Gram-negative bacterium expressing antagonistic activity toward blackleg- and soft rot-causing
Dickeya
sp. biovar 3 (“
Dickeya solani
”). Here, we present the draft genome sequence of strain A30, which has been isolated from rotten potato tuber tissue.
Genome Sequences of Burkholderia sp. Strains CCGE1002 and H160, Isolated from Legume Nodules in Mexico and Brazil
Authors: Ormeño-Orrillo Ernesto , Rogel Marco A. , Chueire Ligia Maria Oliveira , Tiedje James M. , Martínez-Romero Esperanza , Hungria Mariangela 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

The genome sequences of
Burkholderia
sp. strains CCGE1002 from Mexico and H160 from Brazil, isolated from legume nodules, are reported. Their gene contents in relation to plant-microbe interactions and xenobiotic degradation are discussed.