bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An In Vivo Functional Screen Identifies ST6GalNAc2 Sialyltransferase as a Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor
Authors: Murugaesu Nirupa , Iravani Marjan , van Weverwijk Antoinette , Ivetic Aleksandar , Johnson Damian A. , Antonopoulos Aristotelis , Fearns Antony , Jamal-Hanjani Mariam , Sims David , Fenwick Kerry , Mitsopoulos Costas , Gao Qiong , Orr Nick , Zvelebil Marketa , Haslam Stuart M. , Dell Anne , Yarwood Helen , Lord Christopher J. , Ashworth Alan , Isacke Clare M. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
To interrogate the complex mechanisms involved in the later stages of cancer metastasis, we designed a functional in vivo RNA interference (RNAi) screen combined with next-generation sequencing. Using this approach, we identified the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 as a novel breast cancer metastasis suppressor. Mechanistically, ST6GalNAc2 silencing alters the profile of O-glycans on the tumor cell surface, facilitating binding of the soluble lectin galectin-3. This then enhances tumor cell retention and emboli formation at metastatic sites leading to increased metastatic burden, events that can be completely blocked by galectin-3 inhibition. Critically, elevated ST6GALNAC2, but not galectin-3, expression in estrogen receptor–negative breast cancers significantly correlates with reduced frequency of metastatic events and improved survival. These data demonstrate that the prometastatic role of galectin-3 is regulated by its ability to bind to the tumor cell surface and highlight the potential of monitoring ST6GalNAc2 expression to stratify patients with breast cancer for treatment with galectin-3 inhibitors.
Significance: RNAi screens have the potential to uncover novel mechanisms in metastasis but do not necessarily identify clinically relevant therapeutic targets. Our demonstration that the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2 acts as a metastasis suppressor by impairing binding of galectin-3 to the tumor cell surface offers the opportunity to identify patients with breast cancer suitable for treatment with clinically well-tolerated galectin-3 inhibitors. Cancer Discov; 4(3); 304–17. ©2014 AACR.
See related commentary by Ferrer and Reginato, p. 275
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 259
Prevention of Arteriovenous Shunt Occlusion Using Microbubble and Ultrasound Mediated Thromboprophylaxis
Authors: Kutty Shelby , Wu Juefei , Hammel James M. , Abraham Joseph R. , Venkataraman Jeeva , Abdullah Ibrahim , Danford David A. , Radio Stanley J. , Lof John , Porter Thomas R. 
Published: February 2014

Background

Palliative shunts in congenital heart disease patients are vulnerable to thrombotic occlusion. High mechanical index (
MI
) impulses from a modified diagnostic ultrasound (
US
) transducer during a systemic microbubble (
MB
) infusion have been used to dissolve intravascular thrombi without anticoagulation, and we sought to determine whether this technique could be used prophylactically to reduce thrombus burden and prevent occlusion of surgically placed extracardiac shunts.

Methods and Results

Heparin‐bonded e
PTFE
tubular vascular shunts of 4 mm×2.5 cm (Propaten; W.L Gore) were surgically placed in 18 pigs: a right‐sided side‐to‐side arteriovenous (
AV
, carotid‐jugular) shunt, and a left‐sided arterio‐arterial (
AA
, carotid‐carotid) interposition shunt in each animal. After shunt implantation, animals were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups. Transcutaneous, weekly 30‐minute treatments (total of 4 treatments) of either guided high
MI US
+
MB
(Group 1; n=6) using a 3% MRX‐801
MB
infusion, or
US
alone (Group 2; n=6) were given separately to each shunt. The third group of 6 pigs received no treatments. The shunts were explanted after 4 weeks and analyzed by histopathology to quantify luminal thrombus area (mm
2
) for the length of each shunt. No pigs received antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants during the treatment period. The median overall thrombus burden in the 3 groups for
AV
shunts was 5.10 mm
2
compared with 4.05 mm
2
in
AA
(
P
=0.199). Group 1 pigs had significantly less thrombus burden in the
AV
shunts (median 2.5 mm
2
) compared with Group 2 (median 5.6 mm
2
) and Group 3 (median 7.5 mm
2
) pigs (
P
=0.006). No difference in thrombus burden was seen between groups for
AA
shunts.

Conclusion

Transcutaneous
US
with intravenous
MB
is capable of preventing thrombus accumulation in arteriovenous shunts without the need for antiplatelet agents, and may be a method of preventing progressive occlusion of palliative shunts.
Systematic Review, Critical Appraisal, and Analysis of the Quality of Economic Evaluations in Stroke Imaging
Authors: Burton Kirsteen R. , Perlis Nathan , Aviv Richard I. , Moody Alan R. , Kapral Moira K. , Krahn Murray D. , Laupacis Andreas 
Published: February 2014

Background and Purpose—
This study reviews the quality of economic evaluations of imaging after acute stroke and identifies areas for improvement.

Methods—
We performed full-text searches of electronic databases that included Medline, Econlit, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, and the Tufts Cost Effectiveness Analysis Registry through July 2012. Search strategy terms included the following: stroke*; cost*; or cost–benefit analysis*; and imag*. Inclusion criteria were empirical studies published in any language that reported the results of economic evaluations of imaging interventions for patients with stroke symptoms. Study quality was assessed by a commonly used checklist (with a score range of 0% to 100%).

Results—
Of 568 unique potential articles identified, 5 were included in the review. Four of 5 articles were explicit in their analysis perspectives, which included healthcare system payers, hospitals, and stroke services. Two studies reported results during a 5-year time horizon, and 3 studies reported lifetime results. All included the modified Rankin Scale score as an outcome measure. The median quality score was 84.4% (range=71.9%–93.5%). Most studies did not consider the possibility that patients could not tolerate contrast media or could incur contrast-induced nephropathy. Three studies compared perfusion computed tomography with unenhanced computed tomography but assumed that outcomes guided by the results of perfusion computed tomography were equivalent to outcomes guided by the results of magnetic resonance imaging or noncontrast computed tomography.

Conclusions—
Economic evaluations of imaging modalities after acute ischemic stroke were generally of high methodological quality. However, important radiology-specific clinical components were missing from all of these analyses.
Literacy, Sosŏl, and Women in Book Culture in Late Chosŏn Korea
Authors: Lee Ji-Eun 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In an effort to better understand the rise of discourse on women vis-à-vis the impact of the modern, this paper discusses issues of gender in the context of pre-twentieth-century reading practices in Korea. The usual trajectory of scholarship on pre-twentieth-century book culture first associates women with indigenous script (han’gŭl), then links them with the literary genre of the novel, and thus defines women as the main reader group for novels written in han’gŭl. However, low literacy rates and socio-cultural factors surrounding Chosŏn women challenge rather than support this association. Existing scholarship also does not provide a convincing picture of the changes in reading practices and the roles of women as readers and writers in the transition from pre-modern to modern Korea. In examining how reading materials circulated and re-assessing claims that novels in han’gŭl constituted a women’s genre, this article calls for a more sensitive, critical and nuanced understanding of gender categories as they are deployed in literary scholarship. Indeed, it sees the juncture of ‘women’, mun / munhak, and the role of women in Korean literature as a site for re-evaluating the intricate mechanics of gender relations in Korea.
Evolution of Total Atmospheric Ozone from 1900 to 2100 Estimated with Statistical Models
Authors: Lean Judith L. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Statistical models that account for the separate influences on total atmospheric ozone of ozone-depleting substances, anthropogenic greenhouse gases, and natural processes are formulated from the Merged Ozone Data (MOD V8 and V8.6) and used to explore scenarios for ozone’s evolution from 1900 to 2100. The statistical models based on MOD V8 project larger growth in total ozone during the twenty-first century than do coupled chemistry–climate models globally and in the tropics where the chemistry–climate models indicate persistent ozone depletion. The statistical models based on MOD V8.6 suggest, instead, that total ozone everywhere never (or barely) recovers to 1980 levels. Since the decline in ozone-depleting substances and the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations are both expected to increase ozone in the twenty-first century, these results suggest that downward instrumental drifts may be present in MOD V8.6. Instrumental drifts, of opposite sign, may also be present in MOD V8 since it is possible to reduce the projections of the corresponding statistical models to agree with those of the chemistry–climate models by altering the long-term trends of the MOD V8 data within the estimated long-term uncertainty. Alternatively, the chemistry–climate models may project excess tropical ozone depletion by overestimating trends in the upwelling of tropical (ozone poor) air associated with global warming and the resultant decline in mean age of air. This possibility is consistent with independent observations that the age of stratospheric air has not declined during the past three decades, as the globe has warmed 0.3°C, and that model parameterizations of tropical convection may be inadequate.
Tonsillectomy for Recurrent Sore Throats in Children: Indications, Outcomes, and Efficacy
Authors: Barraclough James , Anari Shahram 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo perform a comprehensive narrative review of the literature to provide a better understanding of the indications, outcomes, and efficacy of tonsillectomy for recurrent sore throats in children. This article explores the reasons why there is a lack of robust clinical evidence for its efficacy despite good evidence of positive reported outcomes from parents of children who undergo the procedure.Data SourcesArticles published between 1960 and July 2013 were searched in PubMed and Cochrane databases.Review MethodsA narrative review method was adopted to provide a comprehensive overview of articles. Only individual, interventional studies on children (0‐16 years old) undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy for recurrent sore throats with greater than 1 month of follow‐up were included.ConclusionsThe inclusion criteria and outcome measures in the studies were varied, but most investigated changes in symptoms related to sore throats or illness episodes. Quality‐of‐life tools validated for measuring pediatric outcomes were used in a number of more recent studies. None of the outcome measures were specific for recurrent sore throats in children. No qualitative method designed studies were identified.Implications for PracticeThe disparity between parental satisfaction rates and published clinical efficacy can be explained by a lack of parent/child outcome measures specific to tonsillectomy for recurrent sore throats. A more parent/child‐centered approach may establish what tonsillectomy could offer this group of children.
Using a template to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test: A comparative study
Authors: Harte Daniel , Curran Denise , Hamill Philip , Porter-Armstrong Alison , Wilson Lynn 
Published: February 2014

Introduction The Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test is a standardised assessment that relies upon precise test administration through the placement of a number of small items in each subset. This set up has been criticised in the literature as being time consuming and open to non-precision error in item placement. This study investigates whether application of a novel template board to the testing procedure of the Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test enhances accuracy and reduces the clinical time taken to administer the test when compared to non-template-based testing practices. Methods The template board was marked to highlight where each test item should precisely be located during subtest administration. Additionally, three therapists completed 10 timed trials each in test preparation and setting up subtests 2, 3, 6 and 7 with and without the template to assess efficiency. Results Results show that set up without using a template resulted in an average total of 10% accuracy in subtest 2, 0% accuracy in subtest 3 and 3.33% accuracy in subtests 6 and 7. The acceptable value on these tests to demonstrate accuracy is 100% ( p < 0.05). The results also demonstrate that the total time to complete test set up was significantly less when using the template board ( p < 0.05). Discussion This study demonstrates the difficulty in achieving accuracy without a template board and the associated inefficiencies. The availability of standardised assessments that are easy to use in clinical practice and that have sound reliability, validity and responsiveness is necessary to objectively and accurately measure hand function.
A systems-wide comparison of red rice (Oryza longistaminata) tissues identifies rhizome specific genes and proteins that are targets for cultivated rice improvement
Authors: He Ruifeng , Salvato Fernanda , Park Jeong-Jin , Kim Min-Jeong , Nelson William , Balbuena Tiago S , Willer Mark , Crow John A , May Greg D , Soderlund Carol A , Thelen Jay J , Gang David R 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe rhizome, the original stem of land plants, enables species to invade new territory and is a critical component of perenniality, especially in grasses. Red rice (Oryza longistaminata) is a perennial wild rice species with many valuable traits that could be used to improve cultivated rice cultivars, including rhizomatousness, disease resistance and drought tolerance. Despite these features, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that contribute to rhizome growth, development and function in this plant.ResultsWe used an integrated approach to compare the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome of the rhizome to other tissues of red rice. 116 Gb of transcriptome sequence was obtained from various tissues and used to identify rhizome-specific and preferentially expressed genes, including transcription factors and hormone metabolism and stress response-related genes. Proteomics and metabolomics approaches identified 41 proteins and more than 100 primary metabolites and plant hormones with rhizome preferential accumulation. Of particular interest was the identification of a large number of gene transcripts fromMagnaportha oryzae, the fungus that causes rice blast disease in cultivated rice, even though the red rice plants showed no sign of disease.ConclusionsA significant set of genes, proteins and metabolites appear to be specifically or preferentially expressed in the rhizome ofO. longistaminata. The presence ofM. oryzaegene transcripts at a high level in apparently healthy plants suggests that red rice is resistant to this pathogen, and may be able to provide genes to cultivated rice that will enable resistance to rice blast disease.
Psychological violence against pregnant women in a prenatal care cohort: rates and associated factors in São Luís, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Marizélia Rodrigues Costa , da Silva Antônio Augusto Moura , e Alves Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britt , Batista Rosângela Fernandes Lucena , de Rocha Lourdes Maria Leitão Nunes , Schraiber Lilia Blima , Medeiros Nilzângela Lima , Costa Danielle Cristina Silva , Bettiol Heloisa , Barbieri Marco Antônio 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Violence against pregnant women has been associated with gestational and perinatal disorders. Psychological violence is the type least investigated and its associated factors have been little studied. The present study was conducted in order to estimate prevalence rates and analyze the factors associated with exclusive and recurrent psychological violence in the municipality of São Luís, Brazil.

Methods
Data regarding 982 pregnant women, aged from 14 to 45 years, interviewed in 2010 and 2011 in a prenatal cohort were used. A self-applied questionnaire was used to screen for violence. Pregnant women submitted to physical and sexual violence were excluded from the analysis of factors associated with exclusive psychological violence. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by a Poisson regression model with a hierarchical approach at three levels. At level 1 of the theoretical-conceptual model, we analyzed demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and variables that express gender inequalities; at level 2, we analyzed social support received by the women, and at level 3, the life experiences of the pregnant women.

Results
Prevalence rate of exclusive psychological violence was 41.6% and of recurrent violence was 32.6%. Exclusive psychological violence was associated with pregnant women’s age of 14 to 18 years (PR: 1.32 95% CI: 1.04 – 1.70), pregnant women’s schooling superior to that of her intimate partner (PR: 1.54 95% CI: 1.09 – 2.16), inadequate social affective support/positive social interaction (PR: 1.34 95% CI: 1.11 – 1.62), use of illicit drugs by the pregnant women (PR: 1.80 95% CI: 1.16 – 2.81) and having had six or more intimate partners in life (PR: 1.52 95% CI: 1.18 – 1.96). Recurrent exclusive psychological violence was associated with inadequate social affective support/positive social interaction (PR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.15 – 1.87), use of illicit drugs by the pregnant women (PR: 2,28 95% CI: 1,40 - 3,71) and having had six or more intimate partners in life (PR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.06 – 2.03).

Conclusions
Psychological violence was a common phenomenon in this population of pregnant women that was associated with gender inequalities, inadequate social support and illicit drug use and should be routinely investigated during prenatal visits at health care services.
Predictors of severity and outcome of global developmental delay without definitive etiologic yield: a prospective observational study
Authors: Thomaidis Loretta , Zantopoulos Georgios Zacharias , Fouzas Sotirios , Mantagou Lito , Bakoula Chryssa , Konstantopoulos Andreas 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Although several determinants of global developmental delay (GDD) have been recognized, a significant number of children remain without definitive etiologic diagnosis. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of various prenatal and perinatal factors on the severity and outcome of developmental delay without definitive etiologic yield.

Methods
From March 2008 to February 2010, 142 children with developmental quotient (DQ) <70 and without definitive etiologic diagnosis, were included. Prenatal and perinatal risk factors known to be associated with disordered neonatal brain function were identified. Participants underwent a thorough investigation, an individualized habilitation plan was recommended, and the children were followed-up regularly for a period of 2 < years. The effect of prenatal and perinatal risk factors on the severity and outcome of GDD was assessed by regression analysis.

Results
The mean age at enrolment was 31 ± 12 < months, and the mean DQ 52.2 ± 11.4. Prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) were found to be independently associated with lower DQ values. The mean DQ after the 2-year follow-up was 62.5 ± 12.7, and the DQ difference from the enrollment 10.4 ± 8.9 (median 10; range-10 to 42). DQ improvement (defined as a DQ difference?≥?median) was noted in 52.8% of the children. IUGR, low socio-economic status, and poor compliance to habilitation plan were found to be independently associated with poorer developmental outcomes.

Conclusions
Prematurity and IUGR were found to be significantly and independently related to the severity of GDD in cases without definitive etiologic yield. Poorer 2-year developmental outcome was associated with IUGR, low socioeconomic status and non compliance to habilitation plan. Prematurity was a significant determinant of the outcome only in association with the above mentioned factors.
Non-infectious osteomyelitis of the mandible in a young woman: a case report
Authors: Rasmussen Anne Q , Andersen Ulrik B , Jørgensen Niklas R , Schwarz Peter 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Introduction
We present the case of a patient with non-infectious osteomyelitis of the mandible, which is a recognized but unusual condition of unknown cause.

Case presentation
A 14-year-old Caucasian girl presented with pain and edema in the left side of her jaw. A clinical examination led to a diagnosis of osteomyelitis and she was treated with antibiotics. Our patient continued antibiotic treatment for osteomyelitis and underwent decortication. Histology based on a biopsy showed new bone formation and chronic inflammation, and a diagnosis of sclerotic osteomyelitis was made. Over the next few years, she experienced pain on the left side of her jaw and increasing edema, and the size of the left side of her jaw bone increased. She was then sent to our Department of Medicine at the age of 16 years. Her symptoms included pain in the left side of her jaw that scored 4 on a visual analogue scale of 1 to 10. A diagnosis of bone disease was made based on bone scintigraphy and single photon emission computed tomography that showed hot spots in the affected left side of the jaw. Our patient was treated with a single dose of intravenous zoledronic acid (5mg) at age 17 years, which was repeated after 12 months. The bone pain was significantly reduced six months after treatment and had disappeared 24 months after treatment.

Conclusion
We report an unusual localization of non-infectious osteomyelitis of the jaw in a young woman. Even though the presentation was in the jaw, her condition improved after intravenous bisphosphonate treatment, as evaluated by reduced clinical symptoms, bone turnover evaluation as assessed by biochemical bone markers, and reduced activity on bone scintigraphy.
First characterization of Plasmodium vivax liver stage antigen (PvLSA) using synthetic peptides
Authors: Goo Youn-Kyoung , Seo Eun-Jeong , Choi Yeon-kyung , Shin Hyun-Il , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Ji So-Young , Chong Chom-Kyu , Cho Shin-Hyung , Lee Won-Ja , Kim Jung-Yeon 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background

Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread human malaria in tropical and subtropical countries, including the Republic of Korea. Vivax malaria is characterized by hypnozoite relapse and long latency infection by the retained liver stage of P. vivax, and somewhat surprisingly, little is known of the liver stage antigens of this parasite. Here, we report for the first time the characterization of a liver stage antigen of P. vivax (PvLSA).

Methods
Five peptides located inside PvLSA were synthesized, and specific anti-sera to the respective peptides were used to localize PvLSA on P. vivax parasites in human liver cells by immunofluorescence. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed using the five peptides and sera collected from vivax malaria patients and from normal healthy controls.

Results
PvLSA was localized on P. vivax parasites in human liver cells. Vivax malaria-infected patients were detected using the five peptides by western blotting. Furthermore, the peptides reacted with the sera of vivax malaria patients.

Conclusions
These results suggest that PvLSA may function during the liver stage of P. vivax.