bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opsonization of Staphylococcus aureus by Guinea Pig 7S Gamma‐Globulin
Authors: Downey Ronald J. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTOpsonization of Staphylococcus aureus to phagocytosis by guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) was examined with various isolated serum globulins. Significant enhancement of in vitro phagocytosis was afforded by partially purified 7Sγ1‐immunoglobulin. The rate of killing or the rate of ingestion of 3H‐thymidine labeled bacteria by PEC was used as an index of phagocytosis. The results indicate that the immunoglobulin can mediate the adsorption of an allogeneic surface independent of a specific antigenic component.
Factors in the Fermentation‐Inhibition Test for Measurement of Growth‐Inhibiting Antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Authors: Hasegawa Sumio 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTFactors in the fermentation‐inhibition test for the measurement of growth‐inhibiting antibody in serum to Mycoplasma pneumoniae were studied. The fermentation‐inhibiting antibody titer, as read on the day when the color of the control cup without serum had just changed to yellow, was constant among inoculum dilutions of 10–2 to 10–5 (106 to 103 CFU/ml) of a M. pneumoniae broth culture. The use of 10–3 to 10–5 dilutions (105 to 103 CFU/ml) was adequate for inoculation, inasmuch as one day delay in reading did not result in a significant decrease in the test. Heat inactivation of the serum gave no significant effect on the titer. The test was simple and reliable. The growth‐inhibiting antibody was shown to be detectable in the test, when the growth of M. pneumoniae was suppressed at least to 1/100 of the growth of the control without serum. The growth‐inhibiting antibody titer rose later than the complement‐fixing antibody titer in some cases after M. pneumoniae infection. It is suggested that, when an erythromycin‐sensitive strain of M. pneumoniae is used, the titer transiently rises and does not show a real growth‐inhibiting antibody titer in sera from patients under erythromycin administration.
Phenotypic Mixing of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus with HVJ (Sendai Virus)
Authors: Kimura Yoshinobu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTVesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) plaque‐forming virions obtained from mixed infection of HeLa cells with VSV and HVJ (Sendai virus) were shown to contain two types of phenotypically mixed virions: virions doubly neutralizable with both anti‐VSV and anti‐HVJ antisera (up to 15%), and virions which could be neutralized only with anti‐HVJ serum and not with anti‐VSV serum (up to 0.3%). No evidence for genetic recombination was obtained between these two viruses. Phenotypically mixed virions could adsorb to and elute from chiken erythrocytes, and bullet‐shaped virions, typical of VSV, were found to be adsorbed to chicken erythrocytes in electron microscopy. Neuraminidase activity was detected in the virions specifically sedimented with anti‐VSV serum. From these findings, phenotypically mixed virions were suggested to contain hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of HVJ in the envelope. In sucrose gradient centrifugation, phenotypically mixed virions enclosed within HVJ antigens sedimented slightly faster than standard HVJ.
Preparation of Equine Infectious Anemia Antigens for Diagnosis
Authors: Ueda Susumu , Samejima Togo , Kuroda Sadao , Nakamura Junji 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe purification procedures and characteristics of an equine infectious anemia (EIA) antigen reacting specifically in the immunodiffusion test with sera from EIA‐infected horses were investigated. Partially purified antigens were extracted from both infected horse leukocyte cultures and the horse spleen principally by dialysis against 0.01m acetate buffer, pH 5.0. These extracts were further purified by filtering through a Sephadex G‐100 column. The purified antigens had a common antigenic determinant and were heat‐labile and soluble at pH 5.0. The results of immunoelectrophoresis and gel filtration suggested that the spleen‐derived antigen was of a smaller molecule than the culture‐derived antigen. The partially purified antigens from both sources were comparatively used for the detection of precipitating antibody in experimentally infected horses and in horses in the field. The two antigens showed an identical reaction with each serum tested. The two partially purified antigens were considered to be useful for diagnosis of EIA.
FP5 Factor, an Undescribed Sex Factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Matsumoto Hideki , Tazaki Tadakatu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA Pseudomonas aeruginosa, strain Ps5–70 which was mercury‐resistant, was found to have a sex factor. This sex factor, designated as FP5 factor, mediated chromosome transfer by conjugation. Crosses between Ps5–70, FP5+ and PAO, FP2+ strain of Holloway were fertile, and Ps5–70 acted as the donor. Some of the recombinants between FP5+ and FP5– strains displayed maleness, and those recombinants usually acquired mercury resistance. So, transferability of FP5 factor itself and a very close association between the two determinants of FP5, one for fertility and the other for mercury resistance, were proved similar to the FP2 factor. Female sublines of Ps5–70 which behaved as recipients in intrastrain crosses were obtainable from cultures multiplied in the presence of acriflavin. Those females still retained mercury resistance. An R factor originated in P. aeruginosa interfered with the recombinant formation mediated by FP5 factor when the two episomes coexisted within a single cell.
Transformability of Group H Streptococcus Challis
Authors: Ito Takako , Hirano Toyo , Tomura Tsuneko , Yoshioka Morimasa 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTFrom a wild type strain Challis of the group H streptococcus, greening (Challis α) and β‐hemolytic (Challis β) colonies were isolated on horse blood agar. Both colonies formed greening on sheep blood agar, and no significant differences were found in their biological, serological and chemical analyses. They, however, showed clear differences on the transformability. Transformability, the producibility of competence‐provoking factor (CPF) and competency which have been reported on the Challis strain were all found in Challis β strain. On the other hand, Challis α strain did not produce antibiotic‐resistant transformants with the addition of CPF, and could not produce CPF even when the cells were cultured under various conditions of incubation or treated with lysozyme or detergents. The transformabilities of antibiotic‐resistant mutants obtained from the Challis β strain were lower than those of the original Challis β strain, as pointed out by other investigators, while the Challis α strain became transformable on antibiotic resistance only when it acquired streptomycin resistance. In the Challis β strain and the antibiotic‐resistant mutants of Challis α strain, the separate markers of streptomycin, penicillin, tetracycline, mitomycin C, as well as the combinations of these markers were found to be transformed at the highest rate in the strains having transformation of streptomycin resistance. The findings are discussed with respect to incorporation of deoxyribonucleic acid into recipient cells and to the reports of other workers.
A Generalized Transducing Phage of Serratia marcescens
Authors: Matsumoto Hideki , Tazaki Tadakatu , Hosogaya Shigemi 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA temperate phage, phage PS20, which originated in a lysogenic strain of Serratia marcescens was established to be able to transduce various auxotrophic markers in S. marcescens strains at an equal frequency which ranged from 10–6 to 10–7 per infected cell. Electron microscopic observations show that phage PS20 has a head (550 A) hexagonal in outline and a tail (1000 A × 150 A) with a contractile sheath which is attached to the head.
Bacterial Function Can Contribute to Replication of Salmonella Phage P22
Authors: Yamagami Hiroshi , Yamamoto Nobuto 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe UV sensitive bacterial mutants (abbreviated ms mutant) were isolated after N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (NG) mutagenesis. The ms mutants were found to be Hcr+, Rec+ and sensitive to UV and NG. The significance of the ms mutants was inability to support the multiplication of several mutant phages of P22 which were also isolated by NG mutagenesis. These characters of ms mutants were caused by a single point mutation. Some of the mutant phages unable to grow in ms host were also unable to grow in recA hosts and determined to be erf mutants. The remaining phages were classified in two groups. One group of mutants formed minute plaques on wild type host and fell in the same complementation group (x mutation) and the other formed larger plaques than wild type plaques and belonged to an another complementation group (y mutation). These newly found two genes were essentially involved in the replication of viable P22 DNA. Of the three mutants, x and erf were moderately sensitive to UV irradiation in comparison with y and wild type. Study of lysis patterns showed that the y or erf infected ms culture lysed despite their inability of forming viable progenies, whereas, the x infected ms culture did not lysed. The new x and y genes were both mapped in the early gene segment of P22 chromosome, on the left side of erf gene and between c3 and c2 genes, respectively. Based on these findings the contribution or substitution of the bacterial functions to the replication of bacteriophage was discussed.
The Effect of Rifampicin on Mycobacterium leprae in Mice
Authors: Matsuo Yoshiyasu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTRifampicin was shown to be highly active against Mycobacterium leprae in mice, completely inhibiting the in vivo multiplication of this organism at a dosage of 0.1 mg per day by gavage. When drug administration was started after the establishment of M. leprae in mice (30 weeks after infection), rifampicin stopped any further bacillary increase. A second inoculation of the organisms from treated mice showed complete loss of viability. Exposure of M. leprae to rifampicin for a short period before infection significantly reduced the viability of the organism.
Photochromogenesis
Authors: Koyama Yasumasa , Yazawa Yoshitaka , Yamagishi Saburo , Arai Tadashi 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe effect of light on the pigmentation of various strains of Nocardia, Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, and Flavobacterium was investigated. It was revealed that thirty out of fifty‐seven strains of Nocardia, two out of fifteen strains of Corynebacterium, two strains of Arthrobacter, six out of thirteen strains of Brevibacterium and two out of fourteen strains of Flavobacterium were photochromogenic; i. e., these strains produced yellow or orange pigments when grown under illumination but entirely unpigmented in total darkness. From these results, it may be concluded that photochromogenicity is not a particular phenomenon limited to specific species, but a common, widely distributed phenomenon in nonphotosynthetic bacteria.
Immune Response against Hamster Erythrocytes in the Low‐Responder Mouse Strains
Authors: Nomoto Kikuo , Yamada Hiroyasu , Mashiba Harukazu , Takeya Kenji 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTC57BL/6 and AKR mice were treated with hamster erythrocytes (HRBC) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and the development of delayed hypersensitivity and antibody production were examined. 1) Delayed hypersensitivity against HRBC antigen, as determined by the peritoneal macrophage disappearance test, was detected in mice sensitized with HRBC in CFA but not in those sensitized with HRBC in IFA. 2) Antibody production against HRBC or hapten TNP after a booster injection of HRBC or trinitrophenylated HRBC (TNP‐HRBC) in saline was enhanced by pretreatment with HRBC in CFA or IFA. 3) Delayed hypersensitivity was not detectable after a booster sensitization with HRBC in CFA in mice which had been pretreated with HRBC in IFA 2 weeks earlier. In the mice treated with both HRBC in IFA (day −21) and in CFA (day −7), however, an enhanced antibody production against HRBC or TNP was detected after an intravenous injection with HRBC or TNP‐HRBC in saline (day 0). These results suggest that sensitized effector lymphocytes in delayed hypersensitivity and helper cells in antibody production may be derived from the same pool of unprimed T cells. The pool of unprimed T cells with a capacity to differentiate into either type of primed T cells may be exhausted after pretreatment with the antigen in IFA, and the primed helper T cells may not be able to differentiate into sensitized lymphocytes even after sensitization with the antigen in CFA, which favors development of delayed hypersensitivity in normal controls.
Susceptibility of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to Antibiotics In Vitro
Authors: Niitu Yasutaka , Kubota Hideo , Hasegawa Sumio , Komatsu Shigeo , Horikawa Masahiro , Suetake Tomiko 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe antibiotic susceptibility of laboratory strains, Mac and FH, and isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was determined in broth media. With the Mac strain, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) increased with the increase in inoculum size for most antibiotics and the final minimum inhibitory concentration as determined during a month's incubation did for all antibiotics. The antibiotics studied were classified by the MIC into three groups; the first group with the order of 1/100 μg/ml (erythromycin, josamycin, and leucomycin), the second with the order of 1/10 μg/ml (oleandomycin, tetracycline, and spiramycin), and the third with the order of 1 or 10 μg/ml (lincomycin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin). With the FH strain, the MIC of streptomycin was much lower, showing that the Mac strain was resistant to streptomycin. The susceptibility of 152 isolates from 99 patients to erythromycin, josamycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol was essentially similar to that of the Mac strain except for two isolates, which had been isolated from a patient during erythromycin therapy and exhibited resistance to erythromycin and josamycin. The MIC of streptomycin was distributed at 1 μg/ml in 93% of the isolates and at 100 μg/ml or over in 6%. It was considered that streptomycin‐resistant strains occur in M. pneumoniae. Of nine patients who had been given erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, or Clotaon for more than a week, the isolates after therapy showed decreased susceptibility to erythromycin in one patient and did not to the antibiotics given in the other eight patients.
Production of Mouse Interferon with High Titers in a Large‐Scale Suspension Culture System1
Authors: Sano Emiko , Matsui Yoshiko , Kobayashi Sigeyasu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTL‐MS cells, adapted to grow in suspension, were obtained by selection from a high interferon (IF)‐producing line of mouse L cell monolayers. A large volume of L‐MS cells (20 liters or more; 1–2 × 1010 cells) was readily grown in a spinner culture, retaining their ability to produce high yields of IF in serum‐free medium following induction with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The optimal condition for the production of IF in the suspension culture of L‐MS cells was established. The system also proved itself to be susceptible to IF induction by polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (Poly I · Poly C) and by NDV inactivated with ultraviolet light (NDV‐UV). By employing the present system, large quantities of mouse IF of a high titer could be routinely prepared.
Immune Response against Hamster Erythrocytes in the Low‐Responder Mouse Strains
Authors: Nomoto Kikuo , Mashiba Harukazu , Sato Mikio , Takeya Kenji 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTPatterns of proliferation of antibody‐forming cells after an intravenous immunization with hamster erythrocytes (HRBC) were compared in groups of mice possessing different activities of thymus‐derived lymphocytes (T cells). 1) Marked differences in the numbers of hemolysin plaque‐forming cells (PFC) after HRBC injection were found among the low‐ and high‐responder normal mice and those pretreated with HRBC in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or incomplete adjuvant (IFA), and they appeared to depend primarily upon the different rates of proliferation of antibody‐forming cells rather than on the numbers of antigen‐specific lymphocytes initiating the antibody response. 2) The numbers of hemolytic foci were slightly larger in mice with large numbers of PFC (normal SL mice, the pretreated SL and C57BL/6 mice) than in those with small numbers of PFC (normal C57BL/6 mice). The numbers of hemolytic foci increased at almost the same rate from day 2 to day 3 in both groups, while the numbers of PFC increased more efficiently in mice with large numbers of PFC than in those with small numbers of PFC from day 2 to day 3. Individual hemolytic foci appeared to contain larger numbers of PFC in mice with large total numbers of PFC than in those with small total numbers of PFC. 3) The numbers of rosette‐forming cells (RFC) were increased by pretreatment with HRBC in CFA and by pretreatment with HRBC in IFA to almost the same extent. Rates of increases in PFC were, however, larger by pretreatment with HRBC in CFA than with HRBC in IFA. These results suggested that the activity of the T cell determined not only the rates of proliferation of antibody‐forming cells but also the antibody‐producing capacity of each cell.
A Comparative Study of Mycobacteria from Patients' Room Dusts and from Sputa of Tuberculous Patients
Authors: Tsukamura Michio , Mizuno Shoji , Murata Hiroshi , Nemoto Hisashi , Yugi Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe source of mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis occurring in sputa of tuberculous patients as casual isolates was investigated by comparing the occurrence rate of mycobacterial species between patient's room dust and patient's sputum. Almost all species of mycobacteria recovered from sputa could be found in dusts obtained from the rooms. However, the percentage of occurrence of the mycobacterial species in dusts differed from that in sputa. In dusts, Mycobacterium fortuitum (39.6%), Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum (23.5%) and Mycobacterium gordonae (16.7%) occurred in high frequencies, whereas Mycobacterium intracellulare (69.6%), M. gordonae (5.9%), Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (5.2%), and Gordona bronchialis (10.4%) were the main species found in sputa. The patterns of occurrence of mycobacterial species as illustrated above may suggest that pathogenic mycobacteria survive in the respiratory tract while nonpathogenic ones are destroyed there, thus the human body acts as a selective medium for the pathogenic mycobacterial species. Serotype studies on strains of M. intracellular as casual isolates indicated that those from sputa of tuberculous patients were different from those derived from patients with lung diseases due to this species of mycobacteria. These results led us to the conclusion that mycobacteria in patients' room dusts were the source of mycobacteria occurring in sputa as casual isolates, particularly the pathogenic mycobacteria in dusts are more likely to survive in the human respiratory tract, occasionally multiplying and causing disease under favorable circumstances.
Studies of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in Cell Culture
Authors: Matsuo Yoshiyasu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA serial increase in the number of Mycobacterium lepraemurium with successful subcultures has been obtained in the mouse foot pad (MFP) cell culture. Special attention has been given to maintaining the infected cells for longer periods; 1) the infected cells were incubated at 30 C rather than at 37 C, and 2) the concentration of serum in the culture medium was reduced from 10 to 2% as soon as a monolayer growth of the transferred cells was obtained. There have been cumulative bacterial increases of 1.47 × 1017 and 1.84 × 1015 fold for the Kurume‐42 strain during a period of 1255 days, and 2.23 × 109 and 3.89 × 105 fold for the Hawaiian strain during periods of 831 and 572 days. The overall generation times were estimated at 22.0, 24.8, 26.8, and 30.8 days, respectively. All attempts to grow the acid‐fast bacilli obtained in cell cultures on artificial culture media have failed. The ability of the organisms to produce typical lesions in mice has been well preserved.
Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT)‐Dye Test and the Myeloperoxidase Reaction of Human Leukocytes
Authors: Okuda Kenji , Tadokoro Ichiro , Noguchi Yoshikuni , Okuda Kyoko 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTNitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)‐dye tests were performed on blood specimens obtained at the time of admission or during the course of hospitalization from 498 patients and 150 healthy persons. In the healthy group, persons over 3 years of age showed mean percentages of 19.16 ± 5.03 of NBT‐positive neutrophils. On the other hand, infants from 3 months to 3 years of age showed decreased values of NBT‐dye reduction. Patients suffering from acute bacterial or fungal infections, or cryoglobulinemia showed high percentages of NBT‐positive neutrophils. Most patients with viral or tuberculous infections demonstrated normal or slightly attenuated values of NBT‐dye reduction. Patients who had been receiving corticosteroids for long periods, those in severe stages of diabetes mellitus, and those receiving radiotherapy or anticancer drugs had remarkably impaired NBT‐dye reduction. We examined the myeloperoxidase reactions, since we knew that patients with myeloperoxidase deficiencies have been reported to have disseminated candidiasis and to be defective in the ability of neutrophils to kill Candida albicans. We confirmed the fact that most persons had equal levels of myeloperoxidase and were unable to find anyone with a deficient myeloperoxidase syndrome among 450 individuals.
Factors Influencing the Establishment of Persistent Infection of HVJ (Sendai Virus) in L Cells
Authors: Sugamura Kazuo , Tozawa Hideki , Homma Morio , Ishida Nakao 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTInfection of a subline of L cells adapted to grow in suspension (Ls) with Fushimi strain of HVJ (HVJ‐F) resulted in a virus carrier state. Ls cells, when cultured in monolayer, showed morphological changes following infection of HVJ‐F and were detached from the glass wall. However, when the detached cells were transferred to a new environment of suspension culture within 5 days after infection, the carrier state was again established. HVJ‐F caused only lethal infection in L cells maintained exclusively in monolayer (Lm). On the other hand, both Ls and Lm, irrespective of their culture conditions, were lethally infected by Nagoya 1–60 strain of HVJ. The overall results showed that culture condition as well as the kind of host cells or virus strains is an important factor regulating the establishment and maintenance of the virus carrier state.