bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FKBP51 increases the tumour‐promoter potential of TGF‐beta
Authors: Romano Simona , D’Angelillo Anna , D’Arrigo Paolo , Staibano Stefania , Greco Adelaide , Brunetti Arturo , Scalvenzi Massimiliano , Bisogni Rita , Scala Iris , Romano Maria Fiammetta 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundFKBP51 (FKBP5 Official Symbol) is a large molecular weight component of the family of FK506 binding proteins (FKBP). In recent years, research studies from our laboratory highlighted functions for FKBP51 in the control of apoptosis and melanoma progression. FKBP51 expression correlated with the invasiveness and aggressiveness of melanoma. Since a role for TGF‐β in the enhanced tumorigenic potential of melanoma cells is widely described, we hypothesized a cooperative effect between FKBP51 and TGF‐β in melanoma progression.MethodsSAN and A375 melanoma cell lines were utilized for this study. Balb/c IL2γ NOD SCID served to assess the ability to colonize organs and metastasize of different cell lines, which was evaluated by in vivo imaging. Realtime PCR and western blot served for measurement of mRNA and protein expression, respectively.ResultsBy comparing the metastatic potential of two melanoma cell lines, namely A375 and SAN, we confirmed that an increased capability to colonize murine organs was associated with increased levels of FKBP51. A375 melanoma cell line expressed FKBP51 mRNA levels 30‐fold higher in comparison to the SAN mRNA level and appeared more aggressive than SAN melanoma cell line in an experimental metastasis model. In addition, A375 expressed, more abundantly than SAN, the TGF‐β and the pro angiogenic TGF‐β receptor type III (TβRIII) factors. FKBP51 silencing produced a reduction of TGF‐β and TβRIII gene expression in A375 cell line, in accordance with previous studies. We found that the inducing effect of TGF‐β on Sparc and Vimentin expression was impaired in condition of FKBP51 depletion, suggesting that FKBP51 is an important cofactor in the TGF‐β signal. Such a hypothesis was supported by co immunoprecipitation assays, showing that FKBP51 interacted with either Smad2,3 and p300. In normal melanocytes, FKBP51 potentiated the effect of TGF‐β on N‐cadherin expression and conferred a mesenchymal‐like morphology to such round‐shaped cells.ConclusionsOverall, our findings show that FKBP51 enhances some pro oncogenic functions of TGF‐β, suggesting that FKBP51‐overexpression may help melanoma to take advantage of the tumor promoting activities of the cytokine.
Air monitoring of aromatic hydrocarbons during automobile spray painting for developing change schedule of respirator cartridges
Authors: Jahangiri Mehdi , Adl Javad , Shahtaheri Seyed Jamaleddin , Kakooe Hossein , Rahimi Forushani Abbas , Ganjali Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In the absence of End of Service Life Indicator (ESLI), a cartridge change schedule should be established for ensuring that cartridges are changed before their end of service life. Factors effecting service life of cartridges were evaluated, including the amount of atmospheric contamination with aromatic hydrocarbon vapors in the workplace, temperature, and relative humidity of the air. A new change schedule was established based on comparing the results of air monitoring and workplace conditions, laboratory experiment, and the NIOSH MultiVapor software. Spray painters were being exposed to aromatic hydrocarbons in a range exceeding occupational exposure limits. The cartridge change schedule was not effective and could no longer provide adequate protection against organic contaminants for sprayers. Change schedules for respirator cartridges should be reduced from 16–24 hours to 4 hours. NIOSH’s service life software program could be applied to developing cartridge change schedules.
Safety and effectiveness of adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis over 5 years of therapy in a phase 3b and subsequent postmarketing observational study
Authors: Burmester Gerd R , Matucci-Cerinic Marco , Mariette Xavier , Navarro-Blasco Francisco , Kary Sonja , Unnebrink Kristina , Kupper Hartmut 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who had failed at least one disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) were treated with adalimumab (ADA) in the ReAct study with the option to continue treatment for 5 years in ReAlise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of ADA as prescribed from the first injection in ReAct to the last observation in ReAlise.

Methods
Patients received ADA alone or in combination with DMARDs according to usual clinical care practices. Adverse events (AEs) were tabulated by five time windows after the first ADA injection. Effectiveness measures included achievement of low disease activity (LDA), defined as Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) ≤11, or remission, (REM), defined as SDAI ≤3.3.

Results
Of the 6,610 ReAct patients, 3,435 (52%) continued in ReAlise. At baseline in ReAct, mean age was 54 years, mean DAS28 was 6.0 and mean HAQ DI was 1.64. The mean treatment duration was 1,016 days, representing 18,272 patient-years (PYs) of ADA exposure. Overall incidence rates of serious AEs and serious infections were 13.8 and 2.8 events (E)/100 PYs, respectively. Serious AEs occurred most frequently in the first 6 months and deceased thereafter. Standardised mortality ratio was 0.71 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.87) and standardised incidence ratio for malignancies was 0.64 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.76). LDA was achieved by 50% and REM by 21% of patients at last observation.

Conclusions
Results of this large observational study of ADA in routine clinical practice were consistent with controlled trials, with no new safety concerns during a follow-up of more than 5 years. Effectiveness of ADA was maintained during long-term observation.

Trial registration
NCT00448383, NCT00234884
Expression of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis and fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Authors: Peng Qing-Lin , Shu Xiao-Ming , Tian Xiao-Lan , Lu Xin , Wang Guo-Chun 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) in patients with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM), and their relation to clinical manifestations.

Methods
Serum levels of TWEAK were detected in 98 PM/DM patients and 37 healthy controls by using the ELISA method. Total RNA isolated from fresh-frozen muscle tissue samples of 36 PM/DM patients and 10 healthy controls were used for analyzing the mRNA levels of TWEAK and Fn14 by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunofluorescence staining of TWEAK and Fn14 was conducted on muscle biopsy specimens from 23 PM/DM patients and seven healthy controls.

Results
Serum levels of TWEAK were significantly decreased in the PM/DM patients compared to those in the healthy controls (P < 0.001), and serum TWEAK levels negatively correlated with serum CD163 levels in PM/DM patients (r = -0.49, P < 0.001). The expression of Fn14 mRNA was significantly increased in the muscle tissue of PM/DM patients than in the muscle tissue of healthy controls (P < 0.01), whereas the expression of TWEAK mRNA in PM/DM patients was not statistically different from that of the healthy controls (P > 0.05). Fn14 mRNA levels in muscle tissue positively correlated with muscle disease activity (r = 0.512, P < 0.01). Patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia had significantly higher Fn14 mRNA levels than patients without oropharyngeal dysphagia (P < 0.05). The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that 19 out of 23 PM/DM patients were TWEAK-positive, and 20 out of 23 PM/DM patients were Fn14-positive. No detectable expressions of TWEAK or Fn14 were observed in the healthy controls.

Conclusions
TWEAK-Fn14 axis may be involved in the pathogenesis of PM/DM. Further understanding of TWEAK-Fn14 function in PM/DM may help to define therapeutic targets for PM/DM.
Effect of Partially Fluorinated Alkyl Chain on Friction and Surface Energy
Authors: Kondo Hirofumi , Iimura Ken-ichi 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Partially fluorinated carboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized and their macroscopic frictions and wetting properties were examined. The carboxylic acid adsorbs on a Co–15 wt % Ni metal surface with high orientation, but the ester has a weak interaction and its film is isotropic, which are suggested by the surface energy and the FTIR measurements of the film. The outermost part of the acid is occupied by fluorinated alkyl groups and the surface energy is 10 mJ m−2, which agrees with values for the fluorinated self-assembled monolayers. The friction coefficient does not depend on the fluorine content in the lubricant molecules, not only for the highly oriented layer, but also for the isotropic film. This seems to be caused by the anchoring effect. Macroscopic friction is largely dependent on the polar group. The alkyl chains in the monolayer of the semifluorinated materials contain gauche conformers, and the odd–even effect was insignificant in the film. The molecules of the odd CH2 units in the monolayer are more inclined on average and the friction and surface energy are slightly greater than the even ones.
Case Report: An unusual clinical presentation of Kikuchi’s disease: a case report
Authors: A. Singaram , P. Ramesh Menon , N. C. Cherian , P. Geetha , T. V. Rajesh 
Published: January 2014

Introduction Kikuchi’s disease is usually a benign condition presenting with fever and lymphadenopathy. Rarely, the severe form of this disease can have an unusual presentation. Case Report We report a case of 9 year old girl, a resident of Kerala (South India) with no significant past medical history, who presented with fever of 8 days with facial puffiness. She had tender cervical lymphadenopathy. Two days after admission, her condition worsened with venous congestion of the face and neck, throbbing headache, dyspnea and she developed seizures. Very soon, she developed pericarditis with cardiogenic shock and required adrenaline support. Lymph node biopsy confirmed Kikuchi’s disease. The possibility of superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction due to mediastinal lymphadenopathy was considered and treated with steroids following which the child showed a dramatic improvement. The child also had four of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (viz., serositis, seizures, hematological abnormalities and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) positivity. Conclusion Although Kikuchi’s disease is a self-limiting condition, it is important to consider this possibility in any patient who fits the typical clinical scenario to avoid unnecessary workup. An unusually severe form of Kikuchi’s disease can have a presentation like SVC obstruction syndrome due to enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Hence, timely recognition of this condition and prompt institution of steroid therapy will result in a dramatic clinical response.
Home or Overseas? An Analysis of Sourcing Strategies Under Competition
Authors: Wu Xiaole , Zhang Fuqiang 
Published: January 2014

Motivated by the recent backshoring trend, this paper studies a sourcing game where competing firms may choose between efficient sourcing (e.g., sourcing from overseas) and responsive sourcing (e.g., sourcing from a home country). Efficient sourcing usually provides a cost advantage, whereas responsive sourcing allows a firm to obtain more accurate demand information when making procurement decisions. By characterizing the equilibrium outcome, we find some interesting results driven by the strategic interaction between the firms. First, a firm may still use efficient sourcing in equilibrium even when the cost advantage associated with efficient sourcing does not exist. This is because the firm can dampen competition by reducing the correlation between its own demand information and the competitor's. Second, a cost hike in efficient sourcing (e.g., the rising labor cost in Asia) may benefit all the firms in the industry. The reason is that the cost hike may alleviate competition by inducing a new equilibrium sourcing structure. This paper also sheds some light on the recent backshoring trend. First, our analysis indicates that more firms will shift from efficient sourcing to responsive sourcing in equilibrium (i.e., backshore) if the market size shrinks, the demand becomes more volatile, or the sourcing costs rise simultaneously. Second, a firm's backshoring behavior reduces the competition on the cost dimension, but it also has an ambiguous informational impact on the other firms in the market. In particular, some firms may benefit from increased correlation of their demand information under Cournot competition with substitutable products. Overall, the backshoring behavior can be beneficial to all the firms sticking to their original sourcing strategies under certain conditions.This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Genetic Algorithm Approach to Optimize Biodiesel Production by Ultrasonic System
Authors: Fayyazi Ebrahim , Ghobadian Barat , Najafi Gholamhassan , Hosseinzadeh Bahram 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUltrasonic processing is an effective tool to attain required mixing while providing the necessary activation energy in the field of biofuels. In this regard, optimization of fast transesterification of waste cooking oil is very important. The goal of this research paper is therefore to determine the effect of important parameters such as methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration (potassium hydroxide), temperature, and horn position on oil conversion to methyl ester in ultrasonic mixing method. Result of experiments showed that the optimum conditions for the transesterification process have been obtained as molar ratio of alcohol to oil as 6:1, catalyst concentration of 1 wt.%, temperature as 45°C, and horn position at the interface of methanol to oil. The results show that the ultrasonic method decreases the reaction time as much as up to eight times compare to the conventional stirring. For practically evaluating the theoretical optimum point using genetic algorithm, the obtained values were verified experimentally. In order to perform this, the catalyst concentration, temperature, and the time of reaction were determined, and the values are 1%, 48°C, and 449s, respectively. For the obtained values, the biodiesel conversion was 93.2%, so that the experimental optimum value is closed to that of the theoretical values. As a result, experimental data confirmed the obtained values from optimization method in this research work.
Lévy–Khintchine type representation of Dirichlet generators and semi-Dirichlet forms
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhang Jing 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Let U be an open set of ℝ
n
, m be a positive
Radon measure on U such that

supp
[
m
]
=
U

${{\rm supp}[m]=U}$

, and

(

P
t

)

t
>
0

${(P_t)_{t&gt;0}}$

be a strongly continuous contraction sub-Markovian
semigroup on

L
2

(
U
;
m
)

${L^2(U;m)}$

. We investigate the structure of

(

P
t

)

t
>
0

${(P_t)_{t&gt;0}}$

.

(i) Denote respectively by

(
A
,
D
(
A
)
)

${(A,D(A))}$

and

(

A
^

,
D

(

A
^

)

)

${(\hat{A},D(\hat{A}))}$

the generator and the co-generator
of

(

P
t

)

t
>
0

${(P_t)_{t&gt;0}}$

. Under the assumption that

C
0
∞

(
U
)

⊂
D

(
A
)

∩
D

(

A
^

)

${C^{\infty }_0(U)\subset D(A)\cap D(\hat{A})}$

, we give an explicit Lévy–Khintchine type representation of A on

C
0
∞

(
U
)

${C^{\infty }_0(U)}$

.

(ii) If

(

P
t

)

t
>
0

${(P_t)_{t&gt;0}}$

is an analytic semigroup and hence is associated with a semi-Dirichlet form

(
ℰ
,
D
(
ℰ
)
)

${({\cal E}, D({\cal E}))}$

, we give an explicit characterization of ℰ on

C
0
∞

(
U
)

${C^{\infty }_0(U)}$

under the assumption that

C
0
∞

(
U
)

⊂
D

(
ℰ
)

${C^{\infty }_0(U)\subset D({\cal E})}$

.

We also present a LeJan type transformation rule for the diffusion part of
regular semi-Dirichlet forms on general state spaces.
Sodium valproate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the colon of mice
Authors: Khan Sabbir , Jena Gopabandhu 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating anticancer drug used for the treatment of various cancer and noncancer disorders. Toxicity of CP is well characterized using different test systems. However, its intestinal genotoxicity and cytotoxicity are the least explored and the mechanism is not fully investigated. Valproic acid (VPA) has been reported as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, which modulates the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of VPA on CP-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the colon of mice.

Methods: In the 16-day experiment, animals were treated with VPA alone (500 mg/kg/day), CP alone (50 mg/kg, on the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th days), and the combination of CP and VPA, while in the 28-day experiment, animals were treated with VPA alone (300 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week), CP alone (100 mg/kg/week), and the combination of low and high dose of VPA (VPA150+CP and VPA300+CP). Animals were sacrificed 24 h after the administration of the last dose. The influence of VPA treatment on CP-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity was assessed by the evaluation of oxidative stress, DNA damage, histology, and the expression of 8-hydroxy-guanosine and phosphorylated histone H2AX by immunohistochemistry.

Results and conclusions: The present study’s results demonstrated that VPA treatment significantly decreased the CP-induced DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and expression of γH2AX in the colon as revealed by the comet assay and histological as well as immunohistochemical evaluation. VPA treatment significantly ameliorated the CP-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity in the colon of mice.
Antinociceptive and antiedematogenic effect of pecan (Carya illinoensis) nut shell extract in mice: a possible beneficial use for a by-product of the nut industry
Authors: Trevisan Gabriela , Rossato Mateus F. , Hoffmeister Carin , Müller Liz G. , Pase Camila , Córdova Marina M. , Rosa Fernanda , Tonello Raquel , Hausen Bruna S. , Boligon Aline A. , Moresco Rafael N. , Athayde Margareth L. , Burguer Marilise E. , Santos Adair R. , Ferreira Juliano 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background: Interest in pecan (Carya illinoensis) nut shells, a by-product of the nut industry, has increased due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The goal of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and antiedematogenic activity and the mechanisms of the pecan shell aqueous extract (AE).

Methods: First, we performed fingerprinting of C. illinoensis AE. The antinociceptive and antiedematogenic effects of AE intragastric (i.g.) administration in mice (male Swiss mice 20–30 g) were evaluated using the acetic acid test or after subcutaneous (s.c.) paw injection of diverse transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) agonists, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), allyl isothiocyanate, or cinnamaldehyde. We also observed AE antinociceptive and antiedematogenic effects after carrageenan s.c. paw injection and measured H2O2 production. Moreover, we observed the development of adverse effects after AE i.g. treatment.

Results: The high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprinting of AE showed the presence of rutin. AE or rutin i.g. treatment produced antinociception in the acetic acid test and reduced the nociception and edema mediated by H2O2 s.c. hind paw injection or nociception induced by other TRPA1 agonists. Moreover, AE or rutin reduced the hyperalgesia, edema, and H2O2 production induced by carrageenan s.c. paw injection. No motor, gastric, or toxicological alterations were observed after AE administration.

Conclusions: Collectively, the present results show that AE and its constituent rutin produced antinociceptive and antiedematogenic action in models of acute and persistent inflammatory nociception and it seems to be related to the inhibition of TRPA1 receptor activation.
Rebuilding Anterior Dental Esthetics: Interdisciplinary Treatment of an Iatrogenically Induced Marginal Tissue Recession
Authors: Alkan B. Arzu , Yagan A. Erdem , Kilic Kerem 
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Root canal perforation during endodontic therapy is one of the most commonly encountered clinical situations that necessitates interdisciplinary therapy.Case Presentation: This case report presents the use of periodontal and prosthodontic teamwork to treat severely deteriorated anterior esthetics caused by an iatrogenically induced marginal tissue recession defect.Conclusion: In the case of deterioration of anterior dental esthetics, an interdisciplinary approach can successfully restore both esthetics and function, as observed in this case report.
Isothermal and non-isothermal kinetics of hydrolysis of 1-[2-(2- pentyloxyphenylcarbamoyloxy)-(2-methoxymethyl)-ethyl]- perhydroazepinium chloride (BK 129)
Authors: M. Stankovičová , Ž. Bezáková , P. Beňo , P. Húšťavová 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The substance BK 129 - 1-[2-(2-pentyloxyphenylcarbamoyloxy)-(2-methoxymethyl)-ethyl]-perhydroazepinium chloride was prepared in terms of influence of the connecting chain between the carbamate functional group and the basic part of molecule on biological activity. Such a structural feature is important with regard to its stability. In this work we determined the rate constants of alkaline hydrolysis of this compound at increased temperature under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. The hydrolysis was also performed in buffer solutions with the purpose of evaluating its stability. Non-isothermal tests of stability enable to reduce the number of analyses. The necessary data for stability of compound are in this way achieved in a short time.
Effect of N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylamine N-oxide on unilamellar liposomes
Authors: S. Huláková , B. Fulier , J. Gallová , P. Balgavý 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The effect of N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylamine N-oxide (C12NO) on the unilamellar liposomes prepared from egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) was studied using turbidimetric and fluorescence spectroscopic methods. The concentrations of C12NO causing saturation and total solubilization of membrane were evaluated turbidimetrically. Liposomes filled with hydrophilic fluorescent probe calcein were used for the fluorescence leakage measurements. Dependence of fluorescence intensity on C12NO concentration can be divided into three linear sections. The turning points between individual sections represent two concentrations of C12NO which induce formation of small defects, specifically large pores in liposomal membrane. These pores are wide enough to enable calcein to be washed out from liposomes completely. We compared results obtained by the two methods used. Measurements of fluorescent probe leakage showed that free diffusion of calcein through pores in EYPC bilayer was observed at such C12NO concentrations when the form of liposome is still preserved and the saturation of bilayer is not yet finished. Higher C12NO concentrations are needed for solubilization, a phase transition from bilayers to micelles.