bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Including Youth with Intellectual Disabilities in Health Promotion Research: Development and Reliability of a Structured Interview to Assess the Correlates of Physical Activity among Youth
Authors: Curtin Carol , Bandini Linda G. , Must Aviva , Phillips Sarah , Maslin Melissa C. T. , Lo Charmaine , Gleason James M. , Fleming Richard K. , Stanish Heidi I. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundThe input of youth with intellectual disabilities in health promotion and health disparities research is essential for understanding their needs and preferences. Regular physical activity (PA) is vital for health and well‐being, but levels are low in youth generally, including those with intellectual disabilities. Understanding the perceptions of and barriers to PA as reported by youth with intellectual disabilities themselves is important for designing effective interventions.Materials and methodsWe developed a structured interview that queried youth with intellectual disabilities and typically developing youth (ages 13–21 years) about their enjoyment, preferences and perceived barriers to PA. We describe the development of this interview and present its test–retest reliability on 15 youth with intellectual disabilities and 20 typically developing youth.ResultsTwenty‐three of 33 questions were reliable in both groups. The results suggest that youth with intellectual disabilities can reliably report activities that they do or do not enjoy, as well as their beliefs and perceived benefits of PA.ConclusionsSelf‐reported information on the experiences, preferences, beliefs and perceptions about among youth with intellectual disabilities is key for research efforts in health promotion and health disparities.
Cardiogenic Stroke Despite Low CHA2DS2‐VASc Score: Assessing Stroke risk by Left Atrial Appendage Anatomy (ASK LAA)
Authors: NEDIOS SOTIRIOS , KOUTALAS EMMANUEL , KORNEJ JELENA , ROLF SASCHA , ARYA ARASH , SOMMER PHILIPP , HUSSER DANIELA , HINDRICKS GERHARD , BOLLMANN ANDREAS 
Published: July 2015

Assessing Stroke risK by LAA Anatomy (ASK LAA)IntroductionIn patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), LAA morphology has been suggested to modify thromboembolic event (TE) risk. We tested the hypothesis that TE in low‐risk patients is associated with LAA characteristics.MethodsOf 2,069 patients who underwent AF ablation, 25 (1.2%) had a prior TE and a low CHA2DS2‐VASc score (≤1). Those patients were matched for the CHA2DS2‐VASc criteria with 75 event­free patients and CT data were compared. LAA measurements, morphology (Cactus, Chicken‐Wing, Windsock, Cauliflower), and takeoff of the superior and inferior edge in relation (higher or lower) to the respective takeoff of the adjacent pulmonary vein (PV) were determined. LAA flow in relation to heart rate was also compared.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that TE patients had a higher incidence of superior LAA takeoff (i.e., higher than the left superior PV; 28% vs. 4%, P = 0.002) and a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia (40% vs. 17%, P = 0.028), while LAA morphologies, inferior takeoff, and other LAA characteristics were similar between groups. Logistic regression revealed that a superior LAA takeoff (OR: 9.1, 95% CI: 2.1–38.6, P = 0.003) was the only independent predictor of TE. There was a negative correlation between heart rate and LAA flow (r = –0.2 cm/s pro bpm, P = 0.048), that was even more pronounced for the superior LAA takeoff (r = –0.67 cm/s pro bpm, P = 0.035).ConclusionA higher LAA takeoff is associated with a tachycardia‐mediated thrombogenic flow and an increased thromboembolic risk. These findings may have implications for anticoagulation management of AF patients with low CHA2DS2‐VASc scores and higher LAA takeoff.
The Biophysics of Passive Convective Cooling During Catheter Ablation with Gold versus Platinum Electrodes and Multielectrode Phased Radiofrequency Energy Delivery
Authors: HAINES DAVID E. , STRUNK AARON R. , NOVICHENOK ALEX , KIRCHHOF NICOLE , STEWART MARK 
Published: July 2015

Gold versus Platinum Ablation ElectrodesIntroductionDuring radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation, convective cooling of the ablated tissue by circulating blood allows higher power delivery and deeper penetration of volume heating without excess surface heating. The study aim was to characterize ablation lesions using electrode materials with differing thermal conductivities and magnitudes of passive convective cooling utilizing duty‐cycled RF energy.Methods and ResultsRF ablations using a linear array of 4 3‐mm platinum electrodes (n = 228) were compared to an array with gold electrodes (n = 244). RF was delivered using temperature feedback power control, in a blended bipolar:unipolar mode (2:1 and 4:1), to exposed porcine thigh muscle superfused with heparinized blood. For gold electrodes, lesion depths were 4.1 ± 0.8 mm in the 2:1 ablation mode and 3.7 ± 0.9 mm in the 4:1 ablation mode, versus 3.7 ± 1.0 mm and 3.3 ± 1.0 mm with platinum (P < 0.001 vs. gold, P = 0.004 platinum 2:1 vs. 4:1). More efficient passive cooling at all flow rates with gold versus platinum resulted in a lower mean electrode temperature and a higher proportion of ablations reaching maximum power before achieving target temperature. Therefore, the mean ablation power was higher with gold (6.5+2.1 vs. 5.5+2.3 W, P < 0.001), and lesion depth was greater (3.9+0.8 mm vs. 3.5+1.0 mm, P < 0.001) compared to platinum.ConclusionsPassive convective cooling during RF ablation is more efficient with gold compared to platinum electrodes, particularly when ablations are temperature limited. Using temperature feedback power control, deeper lesions can be reliably achieved with gold electrodes.
Adding Hydrochlorothiazide to Olmesartan/Amlodipine Increases Efficacy in Patients With Inadequate Blood Pressure Control on Dual‐Combination Therapy
Authors: Rump Lars C. , Ammentorp Bettina , Laeis Petra , Scholze Jürgen 
Published: July 2015

This randomized, parallel‐group study in patients inadequately controlled on olmesartan medoxomil/amlodipine (OLM/AML) 40/10 mg assessed the effects of adding hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 12.5 mg and 25 mg, using seated blood pressure (SeBP) measurements and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Enrolled patients were screened and tapered off of therapy if required. All patients received OLM/AML 40/10 mg and those with mean seated BP (SeBP) ≥140/90 mm Hg after 8 weeks (n=808) were randomized (1:1:1) to continue with OLM/AML 40/10 mg or receive OLM/AML/HCTZ 40/10/12.5 or 40/10/25 mg for a further 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in seated diastolic BP (SeDBP) from the start to the end of the randomized treatment period. The addition of HCTZ 25 mg significantly reduced SeDBP (−2.8 mm Hg; P<.0001), lowered seated systolic BP (SeSBP) and ambulatory DBP and SBP, and improved BP goal rates. In patients uncontrolled on OLM/AML 40/10 mg, adding HCTZ led to further BP reductions, particularly in ambulatory BP.
Role of PECAM‐1 in radiation‐induced liver inflammation
Authors: Malik Ihtzaz Ahmed , Stange Ina , Martius Gesa , Cameron Silke , Rave‐Fränk Margret , Hess Clemens Friedrich , Ellenrieder Volker , Wolff Hendrik Andreas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPlatelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1, CD31) is known to play an important role in hepatic inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the role of PECAM‐1 in wild‐type (WT) and knock‐out (KO)‐mice after single‐dose liver irradiation (25 Gy). Both, at mRNA and protein level, a time‐dependent decrease in hepatic PECAM‐1, corresponding to an increase in intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) (6 hrs) was detected in WT‐mice after irradiation. Immunohistologically, an increased number of neutrophil granulocytes (NG) (but not of mononuclear phagocytes) was observed in the liver of WT and PECAM‐1‐KO mice at 6 hrs after irradiation. The number of recruited NG was higher and prolonged until 24 hrs in KO compared to WT‐mice. Correspondingly, a significant induction of hepatic tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and CXC‐chemokines (KC/CXCL1 interleukin‐8/CXCL8) was detected together with an elevation of serum liver transaminases (6–24 hrs) in WT and KO‐mice. Likewise, phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (STAT‐3) was observed in both animal groups after irradiation. The level of all investigated proteins as well as of the liver transaminases was significantly higher in KO than WT‐mice. In the cell‐line U937, irradiation led to a reduction in PECAM‐1 in parallel to an increased ICAM‐1 expression. TNF‐α‐blockage by anti‐TNF‐α prevented this change in both proteins in cell culture. Radiation‐induced stress conditions induce a transient accumulation of granulocytes within the liver by down‐regulation/absence of PECAM‐1. It suggests that reduction/lack in PECAM‐1 may lead to greater and prolonged inflammation which can be prevented by anti‐TNFα.
Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells enhance autophagy via PI3K/AKT signalling to reduce the severity of ischaemia/reperfusion‐induced lung injury
Authors: Li Jing , Zhou Jian , Zhang Dan , Song Yuanlin , She Jun , Bai Chunxue 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAutophagy, a type II programmed cell death, is essential for cell survival under stress, e.g. lung injury, and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) have great potential for cell therapy. However, the mechanisms underlying the BM‐MSC activation of autophagy to provide a therapeutic effect in ischaemia/reperfusion‐induced lung injury (IRI) remain unclear. Thus, we investigate the activation of autophagy in IRI following transplantation with BM‐MSCs. Seventy mice were pre‐treated with BM‐MSCs before they underwent lung IRI surgery in vivo. Human pulmonary micro‐vascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) were pre‐conditioned with BM‐MSCs by oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD) in vitro. Expression markers for autophagy and the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signalling pathway were analysed. In IRI‐treated mice, administration of BM‐MSCs significantly attenuated lung injury and inflammation, and increased the level of autophagy. In OGD‐treated HPMVECs, co‐culture with BM‐MSCs attenuated endothelial permeability by decreasing the level of cell death and enhanced autophagic activation. Moreover, administration of BM‐MSCs decreased the level of PI3K class I and p‐Akt while the expression of PI3K class III was increased. Finally, BM‐MSCs‐induced autophagic activity was prevented using the inhibitor LY294002. Administration of BM‐MSCs attenuated lung injury by improving the autophagy level via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. These findings provide further understanding of the mechanisms related to BM‐MSCs and will help to develop new cell‐based therapeutic strategies in lung injury.
Association of chemokine ligand 5/chemokine receptor 5 gene promoter polymorphisms with diabetic microvascular complications: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhongwen , Zhang Xiaoqian , Dong Jianjun , Gao Weiyi , Liu Fupeng , Zhao Junyu , Wu Xiaoyun , Guan Xiaoling , Liu Ju , Liao Lin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionChemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) is a member of the CC‐chemokine family expressed in various organs. It contributes to the migration of monocytes/macrophages into injured vascular walls by binding with its receptor chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). Many studies have accessed the association between CCL5/CCR5 gene promoter polymorphisms and diabetic microvascular complications (DMI). However, the results are conflicting and inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association more precisely.Materials and MethodsTrials were retrieved through PubMed, Embase, Medline, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science and Cochrane database without restrictions on language. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to describe the strength of association with DMI.ResultsData were obtained from 11 case–control studies that included 2,737 DMI patients and 2,435 diabetic control subjects. In the overall analysis, the CCL5‐403 G/A and CCL5‐28 C/G gene polymorphisms were not significantly associated with the risk of DMI. However, CCR5‐59029 G/A was an independent risk factor of DMI in a dominant model (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.06–2.97). Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of the CCR5 59029A‐positive genotype was significant in Asians (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.68–2.57). In addition, the CCR5 59029A‐positive genotype was associated with increased risk of albuminuria.ConclusionsThere were no associations of CCL5 gene promoter polymorphism with the risk of DMI. However, the 59029A polymorphism in CCR5 might affect individual susceptibility for DMI.
Phenotyping of type 2 diabetes mellitus at onset on the basis of fasting incretin tone: Results of a two‐step cluster analysis
Authors: Amato Marco Calogero , Pizzolanti Giuseppe , Torregrossa Vittoria , Pantò Felicia , Giordano Carla 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionAccording to some authors, in type 2 diabetes there is a reduced postprandial action of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). However, little is known about the role of fasting incretins in glucose homeostasis. Our aim was to evaluate, through a two‐step cluster analysis, the possibility of phenotyping patients with type 2 diabetes at onset on the basis of fasting GLP‐1, GIP and ghrelin.Materials and MethodsA total of 96 patients with type 2 diabetes within 6 months of onset (mean age 62.40 ± 6.36 years) were cross‐sectionally studied. Clinical, anthropometric and metabolic parameters were evaluated. At fasting the following were carried out: assay of GLP‐1, GIP, ghrelin, insulin, C‐peptide, glucagon and a panel of adipocytokines (visfatin, resistin, leptin, soluble leptin receptor and adiponectin).ResultsThe analysis resulted in two clusters: cluster 1 (63 patients) had significantly lower levels of GLP‐1 (4.93 ± 0.98 vs 7.81 ± 1.98 pmol/L; P < 0.001), GIP (12.73 ± 9.44 vs 23.88 ± 28.56 pmol/L; P < 0.001) and ghrelin (26.54 ± 2.94 vs 39.47 ± 9.84 pmol/L; P < 0.001) compared with cluster 2 (33 patients). Between the two clusters, no differences in age, duration of disease, sex, clinical‐anthropometric parameters, insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines were highlighted. However, cluster 1 was associated with significantly higher levels of glycated hemoglobin (7.4 ± 0.61 vs 6.68 ± 0.57%, P = 0.007), glucagon (232.02 ± 37.27 vs 183.33 ± 97.29 ng/L; P = 0.001), fasting glucose (7.85 ± 1.60 vs 6.93 ± 1.01 mmol/L; P = 0.003) and significantly lower levels of C‐peptide (0.12 ± 0.11 vs 0.20 ± 0.20 nmol/L; P = 0.017).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that fasting incretins play an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, which requires to further investigation.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of insulin degludec in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus reflect similarities with Caucasian patients
Authors: Ikushima Ippei , Kaku Kohei , Hirao Koichi , Bardtrum Lars , Haahr Hanne 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of insulin degludec (IDeg) in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis was a randomized, single‐center, double‐blind, two‐period, crossover, multiple‐dose trial. Patients were randomized into two treatment sequences, and received IDeg or insulin detemir for 6 days and a washout period (7–21 days) before switching treatment. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic measurements were obtained before each dose and up to 120 h after the last dose of each treatment period. Pharmacodynamic measurements were obtained using a 26‐h euglycemic clamp procedure after the last dose of each treatment period.ResultsA total of 22 patients were randomized (14 men, 8 women; mean glycosylated hemoglobin at baseline of 7.5% [based on Japanese Diabetes Society value]). At steady state, total glucose‐lowering effect (area under the glucose infusion rate [GIR] curve during one dosing interval [τ, 0–24 h] at steady state [AUCGIR,τ,SS]) was 1,446 mg/kg and total exposure (geometric mean) of IDeg (AUCIDeg,τ,SS) was 81,270 pmol h/L. Both the glucose‐lowering effect and the exposure of IDeg were evenly distributed over the dosing interval, with AUC for the first 12‐h intervals being approximately 50% of the total (geometric mean; AUCGIR,0–12h,SS/AUCGIR,τ,SS = 48%; AUCIDeg,0–12h,SS/AUCIDeg,τ,SS = 53%).ConclusionsIDeg has a flat, consistent and ultra‐long glucose‐lowering effect that is evenly distributed across a 24‐h interval and an ultra‐long duration of action in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes. These data support once‐daily dosing of IDeg in all patients. Overall, the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic end‐points and safety observations are consistent with those previously reported in Caucasian patients.
Does multiple paternity affect seed mass in angiosperms? An experimental test inDalechampia scandens
Authors: Pélabon C. , Albertsen E. , Falahati‐Anbaran M. , Wright J. , Armbruster W.S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFlowers fertilized by multiple fathers may be expected to produce heavier seeds than those fertilized by a single father. However, the adaptive mechanisms leading to such differences remain unclear, and the evidence inconsistent. Here, we first review the different hypotheses predicting an increase in seed mass when multiple paternity occurs. We show that distinguishing between these hypotheses requires information about average seed mass, but also about within‐fruit variance in seed mass, bias in siring success among pollen donors, and whether siring success and seed mass are correlated. We then report the results of an experiment onDalechampia scandens(Euphorbiaceae), assessing these critical variables in conjunction with a comparison of seed mass resulting from crosses with single vs. multiple pollen donors. Siring success differed among males when competing for fertilization, but average seed mass was not affected by the number of fathers. Furthermore, paternal identity explained only 3.8% of the variance in seed mass, and siring success was not correlated with the mass of the seeds produced. Finally, within‐infructescence variance in seed mass was not affected by the number of fathers. These results suggest that neither differential allocation nor sibling rivalry has any effect on the average mass of seeds in multiply sired fruits inD. scandens. Overall, the limited paternal effects observed in most studies and the possibility of diversification bet hedging among flowers (but not within flowers), suggest that multiple paternity within fruits or infructescence is unlikely to affect seed mass in a large number of angiosperm species.
Effect of Finishing Techniques on the Marginal Integrity of Resin‐Based Composite and Resin‐Modified Glass Ionomer Restoration
Authors: Delgado Alex J. , Ritter Andre V. , Donovan Terence E. , Ziemiecki Thomas , Heymann Harald O. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal integrity of resin‐based composite (RBC and resin‐modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) restorations as a function of finishing technique and location of the tooth. Forty extracted third molars were assigned to four groups (N = 10) according to finishing instruments (aluminum oxide discs, fluted carbides, fine diamonds, and coarse diamond). Each specimen received standardized Class V preparations on the facial and lingual surfaces with occlusal margins on enamel and gingival margins on dentin. Each preparation was randomly assigned to be restored with either RBC or RMGIC. Specimens were finished with standardized pressure at approximately 0.16 N and evaluated at a magnification of 600× using an environmental scanning electron microscope. Occlusal and gingival margins were analyzed using an imaging software, and means for all measured gaps were calculated. Data were analyzed with a factorial analysis of variance. All possible two‐way interactions were included, and the level of significance was set at 0.05. There were no statistically significant differences among the four types of finishing instruments used in the study. RBC‐restored specimens exhibited significantly smaller mean marginal gaps (1.70–7.56 μm) than RMGI‐restored specimens (5.24–14.24 μm) in enamel and dentin margins, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between enamel and dentin with regard to marginal gap formation. Under the conditions of this study, marginal gap formation was not affected by finishing technique. RBC margins exhibited significantly less marginal gap than RMGI margins, whereas enamel margins resulted in significantly less marginal gap than did dentin margins.Clinical SignificanceMultiple factors can affect the marginal integrity and the longevity of direct restorations. From these, the finishing and polishing techniques are critical steps that are under the clinician's control, and proper finishing and polishing techniques should be applied for avoiding introduction of stress to the margin of the restoration. It seems that instrumentation do not play a significant role, as much as the restorative material and the substrate to bond.
Effect of Curing Light Barriers and Light Types on Radiant Exposure and Composite Conversion
Authors: Sword Rhoda Joyner , Do Uyen Ngoc , Chang Jonathan Hu , Rueggeberg Frederick Allen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposePrevious research investigated the effects of curing tip barriers on light output and composite properties, but no study has measured the effect of a wide variety of barriers and curing light types on delivered radiant exposure and the resulting composite cure 2 mm below the radiated surface.Materials and MethodsSix barrier materials and six curing light types were tested. Spectroradiometry was used to measure irradiance with and without barriers for each light type, and radiant exposure values were determined for a commercial camphorquinone‐based dental composite material. Composite monomer conversion was measured at 10 minutes following exposure for each light type/barrier condition (N = 5) using infrared spectroscopy. Results were subjected to one‐way analyses of variance for radiant exposure and conversion among barrier types within a given curing light: preset alpha 0.05.ResultsAll barriers significantly reduced radiant exposure compared with the uncovered tip, but the use of the two polywave LEDs covered with a latex‐based barrier demonstrated significantly lower conversion values.ConclusionsAlthough light‐curing barriers reduce radiant exposure to a restorative material over a recommended exposure, this reduction is not sufficient to cause significant reduction in composite cure, except when using a latex‐based barrier and a polywave LED curing light.Clinical SignificanceClinicians need to be aware of the possible interaction between curing light barriers and curing light type in order to optimally photocure restorative materials.