bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does obesity affect knee cartilage? A systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Mezhov V. , Ciccutini F. M. , Hanna F. S , Brennan S. L. , Wang Y. Y. , Urquhart D. M. , Wluka A. E. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThere is increasing evidence for the effect of obesity on knee osteoarthritis (OA), although the association between obesity, particularly body composition, and knee osteoarthritis, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine knee structure, has not been examined. We systematically evaluated the evidence for the relationship between obesity and knee cartilage assessed by MRI. We performed an electronic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE up to December 2012. Included studies investigated the association between obesity and the development and/or progression of knee cartilage changes using MRI. The studies were ranked according to their methodological score and best‐evidence synthesis was performed to summarize the results Twenty‐two studies were identified for inclusion, of which 7 were cross‐sectional, 13 were longitudinal and 2 had both cross‐sectional and longitudinal components. Seven cross‐sectional and eight longitudinal studies were of high quality. Best‐evidence synthesis showed consistent, yet limited evidence for a detrimental effect of body mass index (BMI) and fat mass on knee cartilage. This review identified a consistent detrimental effect of obesity, particularly related to elevated BMI and fat mass on cartilage defects. The strength of evidence was limited by the paucity of high‐quality cohort studies examining this question. By further examining the mechanisms for these different effects, new strategies can be developed to prevent and treat knee OA.
Which type of sedentary behaviour intervention is more effective at reducing body mass index in children? A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Liao Y. , Liao J. , Durand C. P. , Dunton G. F. 
Published: October 2013

SummarySedentary behaviour is emerging as an independent risk factor for paediatric obesity. Some evidence suggests that limiting sedentary behaviour alone could be effective in reducing body mass index (BMI) in children. However, whether adding physical activity and diet‐focused components to sedentary behaviour reduction interventions could lead to an additive effect is unclear. This meta‐analysis aims to assess the overall effect size of sedentary behaviour interventions on BMI reduction and to compare whether interventions that have multiple components (sedentary behaviour, physical activity and diet) have a higher mean effect size than interventions with single (sedentary behaviour) component. Included studies (n = 25) were randomized controlled trials of children (<18 years) with intervention components aimed to reduce sedentary behaviour and measured BMI at pre‐ and post‐intervention. Effect size was calculated as the mean difference in BMI change between children in an intervention group and a control group. Results indicated that sedentary behaviour interventions had a significant effect on BMI reduction. The pooled effect sizes of multi‐component interventions (g = −0.060∼−0.089) did not differ from the single‐component interventions (g = −0.154), and neither of them had a significant effect size on its own. Future paediatric obesity interventions may consider focusing on developing strategies to decrease multiple screen‐related sedentary behaviours.
Polymorphisms of genes encoding P2X7R, IL‐1B, OPG and RANK in orthodontic‐induced apical root resorption
Authors: Pereira S , Lavado N , Nogueira L , Lopez M , Abreu J , Silva H 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveOrthodontic‐induced external apical root resorption (EARR) is a complex phenotype determined by poorly defined mechanical and patient intrinsic factors. The aim of this work was to construct a multifactorial integrative model, including clinical and genetic susceptibility factors, to analyze the risk of developing this common orthodontic complication.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included 195 orthodontic patients. Using a multiple‐linear regression model, where the dependent variable was the maximum% of root resorption (%EARRmax) for each patient, we assessed the contribution of nine clinical variables and four polymorphisms of genes involved in bone and tooth root remodeling (rs1718119 from P2RX7, rs1143634 from IL1B, rs3102735 from TNFRSF11B, encoding OPG, and rs1805034 from TNFRSF11A, encoding RANK).ResultsClinical and genetic variables explained 30% of%EARRmax variability. The variables with the most significant unique contribution to the model were: gender (P < 0.05), treatment duration (P < 0.001), premolar extractions (P < 0.01), Hyrax appliance (P < 0.001) and GG genotype of rs1718119 from P2RX7 gene (P < 0.01). Age, overjet, tongue thrust, skeletal class II and the other polymorphisms made minor contributions.ConclusionThis study highlights the P2RX7 gene as a possible factor of susceptibility to EARR. A more extensive genetic profile may improve this model.
Localization and function of the accessory protein Mfa3 in Porphyromonas gingivalis Mfa1 fimbriae
Authors: Hasegawa Y. , Nagano K. , Ikai R. , Izumigawa M. , Yoshida Y. , Kitai N. , Lamont R.J. , Murakami Y. , Yoshimura F. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe fimbriae of Porphyromonas gingivalis, the causative agent of periodontitis, have been implicated in various aspects of pathogenicity, such as colonization, adhesion and aggregation. Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 has two adhesins comprised of the FimA and Mfa1 fimbriae. We characterized the PGN0289 (Mfa3) protein, which is one of the three accessory proteins of Mfa1 fimbriae in P. gingivalis. The Mfa3 protein was present in two different sizes, 40 and 43 kDa, in the cell. The 43‐kDa and 40‐kDa Mfa3 were detected largely in the inner membrane and the outer membrane, respectively. Purified Mfa1 fimbriae contained the 40‐kDa Mfa3 alone. Furthermore, the 40‐kDa Mfa3 started with the Ala44 residue of the deduced amino acid sequence, indicating that the N‐terminal region of the nascent protein expressed from the mfa3 gene is processed in the transport step from the inner membrane into fimbriae. Immuno‐electron microscopy revealed that Mfa3 localized at the tip of the fimbrial shaft. Interestingly, deletion of the mfa3 gene resulted in the absence of other accessory proteins, PGN0290 and PGN0291, in the purified Mfa1 fimbriae, suggesting that Mfa3 is required for integration of PGN0290 and PGN0291 into fimbriae. A double mutant of mfa3 and fimA genes (phenotype Mfa1 plus, FimA minus) showed increased auto‐aggregation and biofilm formation similar to a double mutant of mfa1 and fimA genes (phenotype Mfa1–, FimA–). These findings suggest that the tip protein Mfa3 of the Mfa1 fimbriae may function in the integration of accessory proteins and in the colonization of P. gingivalis.
Quality of Life and Functional Capacity after Long‐Term Right Ventricular Pacing in Pediatrics and Young Adults with Congenital Atrioventricular Block
Authors: DA SILVA KÁTIA REGINA , COSTA ROBERTO , DE OLIVEIRA ROBERTO MÁRCIO , LACERDA MARIANNA SOBRAL , UN HUANG ADRIANA I , ROSSI MARINA BERTELLI , CREVELARI ELIZABETH SARTORI , TAMAKI WAGNER TETSUJI , FILHO MARTINO MARTINELLI , PIETROBON RICARDO 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundAlthough several studies have demonstrated deleterious consequences of chronic right ventricular (RV) pacing on ventricular function and synchronicity, its effects on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and functional exercise capacity remain uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the effect of RV pacing on HRQoL and functional capacity of children and young adults with congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB).MethodsWe included 66 consecutive subjects with RV cardiac pacemaker due to CCAVB and under clinical follow‐up for more than 1 year. Multidimensional HRQoL scores were evaluated by Short Form‐36 Health Survey (SF‐36) and Child Health Questionnaire‐Parent Form 50 (CHQ‐PF50). Functional capacity was tested by a 6‐minute walk distance test (6MWDT). Association analysis was performed to examine if any demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with lower HRQoL scores and shorter distances at the 6MWDT.ResultsDomains presenting lower HRQoL scores were vitality (64.0 ± 17.3), mental health (67.3 ± 8.0), role emotional (69.7 ± 35.8) in the SF‐36 questionnaire; general health perceptions (61.3 ± 8.3), general behavior (61.9 ± 15.6), parental impact—emotional (67.7 ± 28.7) in the CHQ‐PF50. Female gender (P = 0.009), left ventricular ejection fraction lower than 55% (P = 0.013), cardiovascular drugs (P = 0.003) were significantly associated with lower HRQoL scores. Average distance traveled during the 6MWDT was 539.8 ± 82.9 m. The 6MWDT showed significant association with age (P = 0.006) and cardiovascular drugs (P = 0.024).ConclusionsChronic RV pacing did not affect the HRQoL and physical capacity of pediatrics and young subjects. Female gender, ventricular function, and cardiovascular drugs were associated with lower HRQoL scores. Older subjects walked shorter distances in the 6MWDT, as well as subjects who were taking cardiovascular drugs.
Atrial Flutter or Fibrillation is the Most Frequent and Life‐Threatening Arrhythmia in Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: BREMBILLA‐PERROT BÉATRICE , SCHWARTZ JÉRÔME , HUTTIN OLIVIER , FRIKHA ZIED , SELLAL JEAN MARC , SADOUL NICHOLAS , BLANGY HUGUES , OLIVIER ARNAUD , LOUIS SARAH , KAMINSKY PIERRE 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundSeveral arrhythmias were reported in myotonic dystrophy (MD).ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) in MD and the clinical consequences.MethodsOne hundred sixty‐one patients, mean age 41 ± 14 years, were referred for a type 1 MD. All patients were asymptomatic except four patients and followed during 5 ± 4 years. Electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography assessing left ventricular ejection fraction, and Holter monitoring were obtained and repeated.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients (17%) presented sustained (>1 hour) AF (n = 15) or AFL (n = 12); two of them presented syncope‐related 1/1 AFL. In one of them, 16 years of age, cardiac defibrillator was implanted for a diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia, but the true diagnosis was established after inappropriate shocks. AFL ablation was performed in five patients, but four developed AF. The other seven patients with AFL developed AF. During the follow‐up, 22 patients died (14%) from cardiac and respiratory failure; eight patients with AF/AFL died (30%) while only 14 without AF/AFL died (10%; P < 0.01). Univariate analysis indicated that age >40 years (death: 48 ± 14 vs 40 ± 8 in alive patients), abnormal ECG, and occurrence of AF/AFL were significant factors of death. At multivariate analysis, AF at ECG (odds ratio: 3.12) and age >40 (odds ratio: 3.14) were the sole independent variables predicting death.ConclusionsAF and AFL were frequent in MD and increased mortality. AFL could present as 1/1 AFL with a poor tolerance and a risk of misdiagnosis despite frequent conduction disturbances. This arrhythmia could explain wide QRS tachycardia occurring in MD and interpreted as VT.
Evaluation of closed‐loop anesthesia delivery for propofol anesthesia in pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Mathew Preethy J. , Singh Rana S. , Puri Goverdhan D. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the feasibility of closed‐loop anesthesia delivery with manual control of propofol in pediatric patients during cardiac surgery.MethodsForty ASA II‐III children, undergoing elective cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in a tertiary care hospital, were randomized to receive propofol either through a closed‐loop anesthesia delivery system (CL group) or through traditional manual control (manual group) to achieve a target BIS of 50. Patients were induced and subsequently maintained with a propofol infusion. The propofol usage and the efficacy of closed‐loop system in controlling BIS within ±10 of the target were compared with that of manual control.ResultsThe maintenance of BIS within ±10 of target and intraoperative hemodynamic stability were similar between the two groups. However, induction dose of propofol was less in the CL group (2.06 ± 0.79 mg·kg−1) than the manual group (2.95 ± 1.03 mg·kg−1) (P = 0.006) with less overshoot of BIS during induction in the closed‐loop group (P = 0.007). Total propofol used in the off‐CPB period was less in the CL group (6.29 ± 2.48 mg·kg−1 h−1 vs 7.82 ± 2.1 mg·kg−1 h−1) (P = 0.037). Phenylephrine use in the pre‐CPB period was more in the manual group (16.92 ± 10.92 μg·kg−1 vs 5.79 ± 5.98 μg·kg−1) (P = 0.014). Manual group required a median of 18 (range 8–29) dose adjustments per hour, while the CL group required none.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility of closed‐loop controlled propofol anesthesia in children, even in challenging procedures such as cardiac surgery. Closed‐loop system needs further and larger evaluation to establish its safety and efficacy.
Laryngeal view and temperature measurements while using the perilaryngeal airway (Cobra‐PLUS™) in children
Authors: Tan Gee Mei , Galinkin Jeffrey L. , Pan Zhaoxing , Polaner David M. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryIntroductionThe Cobra‐PLUS™ perilaryngeal airway (CP) is a modification of the Cobra perilaryngeal airway. It has a distal curve for easier placement and a thermistor on the pharyngeal cuff. We assessed the orientation of the larynx to the CP and compared temperatures measured using CP to temporal arterial (TA) and infrared tympanic (T) thermometers.MethodologyAmerican Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1 and 2 children 0–18 years old undergoing general anesthesia using CP were grouped into different weight cohorts. A fiberoptic scope was inserted through the CP, and laryngeal views were recorded and graded off line. Temperatures were measured from the CP, TA, and T at 15‐min intervals for four readings or until the end of surgery. The CP was removed, while the patient was deeply anesthetized.ResultsEighty subjects were analyzed. 87.5% (cohort range 75–95%) had an unobstructed view of the larynx. No serious adverse effects noted. Three hundred and sixteen temperature data points were recorded for each measured site. CP temperatures were consistently lower than TA and T with a bias of 0.9 and 0.6°C, respectively. Using temperatures measured at time 0 and 15 min, CP was associated with a larger intraclass correlation coefficient and smaller repeatability coefficient when compared to TA or T (ICC 0.65, 0.46. 0.44 and RC 0.78, 1, 1.36, respectively), indicating it had a better measure and remeasure reliability.ConclusionThe CP has a better orientation to the larynx compared with its previous version. It may be used to reliably trend intraoperative temperatures.
Intranasal sufentanil/ketamine analgesia in children
Authors: Nielsen Bettina N. , Friis Susanne M. , Rømsing Janne , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Anderson Brian J. , Ferreirós Nerea , Labocha Sandra , Henneberg Steen W. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundThe management of procedural pain in children ranges from physical restraint to pharmacological interventions. Pediatric formulations that permit accurate dosing, are accepted by children and a have a rapid onset of analgesia are lacking.ObjectivesTo investigate a pediatric formulation of intranasal sufentanil 0.5 mcg·kg−1 and ketamine 0.5 mg·kg−1 for procedural pain and to characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile.MethodsFifty children (≥10 kg) scheduled for a painful procedure were included in this prospective nonrandomized open‐label clinical trial. Thirteen of these children had central venous access for drug assay sampling; enabling a compartmental PK analysis using nonlinear mixed‐effects models. Pain intensity before and during the procedure was measured using age‐appropriate pain scales. Heart rate, oxygen saturation and sedation were recorded.ResultsChildren had a mean age of 8.8 (sd 4.9) years and weight 35.2 (sd 20.1) kg. Sufentanil/ketamine nasal spray was effective (procedural pain intensity scores ≤5 (0–10)) in 78% of the painful procedures. The spray was well accepted by 94% of the children. Oxygen saturation and heart rate remained stable, and sedation was minimal. The bioavailability of sufentanil and ketamine was 24.6% and 35.8%, respectively. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of sufentanil was 0.042 mcg·l−1 (coefficient of variation (CV) 12.9%) at 13.8 min (CV 12.4%) (Tmax). Cmax for ketamine was 0.102 mg·l−1 (CV 10.8%), and Tmax was 8.5 min (CV 17.3%).ConclusionSufentanil/ketamine nasal spray provided rapid onset of analgesia for a variety of painful procedures with few adverse effects and has promising features for use in pediatric procedural pain management.
Changes in Pain Modulation Occur Soon After Whiplash Trauma but are not Related to Altered Perception of Distorted Visual Feedback
Authors: Daenen Liesbeth , Nijs Jo , Cras Patrick , Wouters Kristien , Roussel Nathalie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesWidespread sensory hypersensitivity has been observed in acute whiplash associated disorders (WAD). Changes in descending pain modulation take part in central sensitization. However, endogenous pain modulation has never been investigated in acuteWAD. Altered perception of distorted visual feedback has been observed inWAD. Both mechanisms (ie, pain modulation and perception of distorted visual feedback) may be different components of one integrated system orchestrated by the brain. This study evaluated conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in acuteWAD. Secondly, we investigated whether changes inCPMare associated with altered perception of distorted visual feedback.MethodsThirty patients with acuteWAD, 35 patients with chronicWADand 31 controls were subjected to an experiment evaluatingCPMand a coordination task inducing visual mediated changes between sensory feedback and motor output.ResultsA significantCPMeffect was observed in acuteWAD(P = 0.012 andP = 0.006), which was significantly lower compared to controls (P = 0.004 andP = 0.020). No obvious differences inCPMwere found between acute and chronicWAD(P = 0.098 andP = 0.041). Changes inCPMwere unrelated to altered perception of distorted visual feedback (P > 0.01).ConclusionChanges inCPMwere observed in acuteWAD, suggesting less efficient pain modulation. The results suggest that central pain and sensorimotor processing underlie distinctive mechanisms.
Valencene synthase from the heartwood of Nootka cypress (Callitropsis nootkatensis) for biotechnological production of valencene
Authors: Beekwilder Jules , van Houwelingen Adèle , Cankar Katarina , van Dijk Aalt D.J. , de Jong René M. , Stoopen Geert , Bouwmeester Harro , Achkar Jihane , Sonke Theo , Bosch Dirk 
Published: October 2013

SummaryNootkatone is one of the major terpenes in the heartwood of the Nootka cypress Callitropsis nootkatensis. It is an oxidized sesquiterpene, which has been postulated to be derived from valencene. Both valencene and nootkatone are used for flavouring citrus beverages and are considered among the most valuable terpenes used at commercial scale. Functional evaluation of putative terpene synthase genes sourced by large‐scale EST sequencing from Nootka cypress wood revealed a valencene synthase gene (CnVS). CnVS expression in different tissues from the tree correlates well with nootkatone content, suggesting that CnVS represents the first dedicated gene in the nootkatone biosynthetic pathway in C. nootkatensis The gene belongs to the gymnosperm‐specific TPS‐d subfamily of terpenes synthases and its protein sequence has low similarity to known citrus valencene synthases. In vitro, CnVS displays high robustness under different pH and temperature regimes, potentially beneficial properties for application in different host and physiological conditions. Biotechnological production of sesquiterpenes has been shown to be feasible, but productivity of microbial strains expressing valencene synthase from Citrus is low, indicating that optimization of valencene synthase activity is needed. Indeed, expression of CnVS in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated potential for higher yields. In an optimized Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain, expression of CnVS increased valencene yields 14‐fold to 352 mg/L, bringing production to levels with industrial potential.
Population structure and linkage disequilibrium in diploid and tetraploid potato revealed by genome‐wide high‐density genotyping using the SolCAP SNP array
Authors: Stich Benjamin , Urbany Claude , Hoffmann Per , Gebhardt Christiane 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGenome‐wide association (GWA) mapping in potato requires high‐density genotyping. With the Illumina SolCAP potato single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, a first tool for GWA mapping in potato became available. Thirty‐six tetraploid varieties and eight diploid breeding clones were genotyped for 8303 SNPs using this array. The objectives of our study were to examine in this set of germplasm: (i) the degree of polymorphism of the SolCAP SNPs in European germplasm, (ii) the population structure, (iii) temporal trends of genetic diversity and (iv) the genome‐wide extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Three‐quarters of the SNPs were polymorphic. In the principal coordinate analysis, a clear separation of tetraploid from diploid genotypes was observed, whereas no distinct subgroups among the tetraploid varieties were detected. The nonlinear trendline of the LD measure vs. the physical map distance decayed within 275 bp to an value of 0.10, indicating that theoretically, about 3 million equally distributed SNPs are required for GWA mapping in this diverse set of germplasm. As the LD decay changes with the population selected for GWA mapping, the number of required markers might be different in other germplasm.
The alternative respiratory pathway mediates carboxylate synthesis in white lupin cluster roots under phosphorus deprivation
Authors: FLOREZ‐SARASA IGOR , LAMBERS HANS , WANG XING , FINNEGAN PATRICK M. , RIBAS‐CARBO MIQUEL 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPlant adaptations associated with a high efficiency of phosphorus (P) acquisition can be used to increase productivity and sustainability in a world with a growing population and decreasing rock phosphate reserves. White lupin (Lupinus albus) produces cluster roots that release carboxylates to efficiently mobilize P from P‐sorbing soils. It has been hypothesized that an increase in the activity of the alternative oxidase (AOX) would allow for the mitochondrial oxidation of NAD(P)H produced during citrate synthesis in cluster roots at a developmental stage when there is a low demand for ATP. We used the oxygen‐isotope fractionation technique to study the in vivo respiratory activities of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP) and the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) in different root sections of white lupins grown hydroponically with and without P. In parallel, AOX protein levels and internal carboxylate concentrations were determined in cluster and non‐cluster roots. Higher in vivo AOP activity was measured in cluster roots when malate and citrate concentrations were also high, thus confirming our hypothesis. AOX protein levels were not always correlated with in vivo AOP activity, suggesting post‐translational regulation of AOX.