bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a Theory of Liking
Authors: Burke Kevin , Greteman Adam 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn the current essay, Kevin Burke and Adam Greteman challenge this thing called love by looking at how we might instead “like” in education. Within education, multiculturalism can be viewed as a way of loving, or learning to love, diversity and, as such, learning to love the self; this tendency is notably apparent in the recent rise of concern expressed about student self‐esteem. According to the authors, however, critical research on multiculturalism demonstrates how, in loving diversity, multicultural discourses limn the possibilities for subjects to come into being and be liked for their differences. Drawing on James Alison's On Being Liked, Burke and Greteman reframe the problem of relating in education instead through the language of liking. How does the shift from loving to liking — either our students, our teachers, or ourselves — create different social dynamics and ethical paradigms? In engaging this question, Burke and Greteman offer an alternative model of liking that is based on the practice of cruising.
Secondary galling: a novel feeding strategy among ‘non‐pollinating’ fig wasps fromFicus curtipes
Authors: CHEN HUAN‐HUAN , YANG DA‐RONG , GU DING , COMPTON STEPHEN G. , PENG YAN‐QIONG 
Published: May 2013

The interaction between pollinator fig wasps (Agaonidae) and their host fig trees (Ficus) is a striking example of an obligate plant–insect mutualism, but figs also support numerous ‘parasites’ of the mutualism. Female agaonids (foundresses) lay their eggs in shorter‐styled flowers, whereas longer‐styled flowers produce seeds. A few ‘non‐pollinating’ fig wasps (NPFWs) can also enter figs to ovipositFig wasp oviposition site choice and larval biology in figs of anAsian monoecious species,Ficus curtipesCorner, were recorded where twoNPFWspecies oviposit inside the figs, such as the agaonid.Eupristinasp. agaonids chose flowers in proportion to their availability, rather than preferring to oviposit in shorter‐styled flowers.Diaziella yangivan Noort & Rasplus andLipothymussp. (Pteromalidae) foundresses followedEupristinasp. into receptive figs and laid their eggs entirely in flowers that already contained pollinator eggs. This indicates that bothNPFWsare inquilines under the widely‐used terminology in the fig wasp literature, because they utilise galls generated by the pollinators. However, their adult bodies and galls were larger than those of the pollinators, showing that they independently stimulate ovule growth. These species are better described as secondary gallers that modify galls previously generated by the pollinators and kill these primary gallers.Use of the term ‘inquiline’ amongNPFWsinadequately and often inappropriately describes their biology. No knownNPFWsare inquilines in the strict sense that they do not harm their hosts. ‘Primary gallers’, ‘secondary gallers’, ‘seed predators’, and ‘parasitoids’ describe their biology more accurately.
A stepwise α‐thalassemia screening strategy in high‐prevalence areas
Authors: Alkindi Salam S. , AlZadjali Shoaib , Daar Shahina , Sindhuvi Eunice , Wali Yasser , Pathare Anil V. , Venugopal Suresh , Lapoumeroulie Claudine , Srivastava Alok , Krishnamoorthy Rajagopal 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntroductionCoinheritance of α‐thalassemia influences the clinical and hematological phenotypes of β‐hemoglobinopathies (β‐thalassemia and sickle cell disease) and when present together in significant frequency within a population, a spectrum of clinical forms is observed. Precise molecular characterization of α‐thalassemia is important in understanding their disease‐modifying role in β‐hemoglobinopathies and for diagnostic purposes.Patients and methodsBecause currently used approaches are labor/cost‐intensive, time‐consuming, error‐prone in certain genotype combinations and not applicable for large epidemiological screening, we developed a systematic stepwise strategy to overcome these difficulties. We successfully applied this to characterize the α‐globin gene status in 150 Omani cord blood samples with Hb Barts and 32 patients with HbH disease.ResultsWe observed a good correlation between α‐globin genotypes and level of Hb Bart's with the Hb Bart's levels significantly higher in both deletional and non‐deletional α‐globin genotypes. The most common α‐globin genotype in HbH cases was αTSaudiα/αTSaudiα (n = 16; 50%) followed by −α3.7/–MED (n = 10; 31%). This approach detects also the α‐globin gene triplication as exemplified by the study of a family where the β‐globin gene defect failed to explain the β‐thalassemia intermedia phenotype.ConclusionMolecular characterization of α‐thalassemia is complex due to high sequence homology between the duplicated α‐globin genes and to the existence of a variety of gene rearrangements (small and large deletions of various sizes) and punctual substitutions (non‐deletional alleles). The novelty of our strategy resides, not in the individual technical steps per se but in the reasoned sequential order of their use taking into consideration the hematological phenotype as well.
Evaluating taxonomic adjacency as a source of soil map uncertainty
Authors: Phillips J. D. 
Published: May 2013

SummarySoil types or map units are considered to be taxonomically adjacent if they differ in only one criterion, defined by an arbitrary threshold value. By treating soil types as nodes of a graph and taxonomic adjacency as the graph edges connecting nodes, algebraic graph theory can be used to produce a measurement of the uncertainty in a soil map associated with arbitrary classification boundaries between soil types. The largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a graph, the spectral radius, is an indication of network complexity. A larger spectral radius indicates a more complex network, and a greater degree of uncertainty or potential error associated with taxonomic adjacency. Benchmark values of spectral radius for cases of no taxonomic adjacency, including a single pair of adjacent soils, a chain or cycle‐type graph structure and a fully connected graph, are established so that taxonomic adjacency indices based on the spectral radius can be established. Examples are shown from two contrasting USA soil landscapes in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, and the coastal plain of North Carolina, using both US Soil Taxonomy and the world reference base. The taxonomic adjacency indices are also useful in assessing soil richness and pedodiversity, with smaller values indicating a greater likelihood that identified soils represent distinct entities.
Tidal downwelling and implications for the carbon biogeochemistry of cold‐water corals in relation to future ocean acidification and warming
Authors: Findlay Helen S. , Artioli Yuri , Moreno Navas Juan , Hennige Sebastian J. , Wicks Laura C. , Huvenne Veerle A. I. , Woodward E. Malcolm S. , Roberts J. Murray 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCold‐water coral (CWC) reefs are recognized as ecologically and biologically significant areas that generate habitats and diversity. The interaction between hydrodynamics and CWCs has been well studied at the Mingulay Reef Complex, a relatively shallow area of reefs found on the continental shelf off Scotland, UK. Within ‘Mingulay Area 01’ a rapid tidal downwelling of surface waters, brought about as an internal wave, is known to supply warmer, phytoplankton‐rich waters to corals growing on the northern flank of an east‐west trending seabed ridge. This study shows that this tidal downwelling also causes short‐term perturbations in the inorganic carbon (CT) and nutrient dynamics through the water column and immediately above the reef. Over a 14 h period, corresponding to one semi‐diurnal tidal cycle, seawater pH overlying the reef varied by ca. 0.1 pH unit, while pCO2 shifted by >60 μatm, a shift equivalent to a ca. 25 year jump into the future, with respect to atmospheric pCO2. During the summer stratified period, these downwelling events result in the reef being washed over with surface water that has higher pH, is warmer, nutrient depleted, but rich in phytoplankton‐derived particles compared to the deeper waters in which the corals sit. Empirical observations, together with outputs from the European Regional Shelf Sea Ecosystem Model, demonstrate that the variability that the CWC reefs experience changes through the seasons and into the future. Hence, as ocean acidification and warming increase into the future, the downwelling event specific to this site could provide short‐term amelioration of corrosive conditions at certain times of the year; however, it could additionally result in enhanced detrimental impacts of warming on CWCs. Natural variability in the CT and nutrient conditions, as well as local hydrodynamic regimes, must be accounted for in any future predictions concerning the responses of marine ecosystems to climate change.
Conservation of two distinct types of 100S ribosome in bacteria
Authors: Ueta Masami , Wada Chieko , Daifuku Takashi , Sako Yoshihiko , Bessho Yoshitaka , Kitamura Aya , Ohniwa Ryosuke L. , Morikawa Kazuya , Yoshida Hideji , Kato Takayuki , Miyata Tomoko , Namba Keiichi , Wada Akira 
Published: May 2013

In bacteria, 70S ribosomes (consisting of 30S and 50S subunits) dimerize to form 100S ribosomes, which were first discovered in Escherichia coli. Ribosome modulation factor (RMF) and hibernation promoting factor (HPF) mediate this dimerization in stationary phase. The 100S ribosome is translationally inactive, but it dissociates into two translationally active 70S ribosomes after transfer from starvation to fresh medium. Therefore, the 100S ribosome is called the ‘hibernating ribosome’. The gene encoding RMF is found widely throughout the Gammaproteobacteria class, but is not present in any other bacteria. In this study, 100S ribosome formation in six species of Gammaproteobacteria and eight species belonging to other bacterial classes was compared. There were several marked differences between the two groups: (i) Formation of 100S ribosomes was mediated by RMF and short HPF in Gammaproteobacteria species, similar to E. coli, whereas it was mediated only by long HPF in the other bacterial species; (ii) RMF/short HPF‐mediated 100S ribosome formation occurred specifically in stationary phase, whereas long HPF‐mediated 100S ribosome formation occurred in all growth phases; and (iii) 100S ribosomes formed by long HPF were much more stable than those formed by RMF and short HPF.
Physico‐chemical and antioxidant properties of extrudates developed from honey and barley
Authors: Kumar Kshitiz , Jindal Navdeep , Sharma Savita , Nanda Vikas 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBarley flour and honey, being concentrated source of nutrients, were used to develop extruded product using twin‐screw extruder. Response surface methodology was applied to study the effects of honey (5–25%), moisture content (17–21%) temperature (120–160 °C) and screw speed (180–220 rpm) on product responses. The variation in moisture content and die temperature affected the physicochemical properties of extrudate but screw speed had significant effect only on hardness. It was established that with increase in honey levels from 5% to 20%, there was increase in antioxidant activity (up to 106.9%), total phenolic content (up to 90.2%) and total flavonoid content (up to 89.2%) in interaction with other extrusion cooking variables. The optimal condition corresponds to honey content of 18.86%, feed moisture of 18%, die temperature of 148.62 °C and screw speed of 209.99 rpm. The results suggest that honey can be extruded with barley flour into a healthful snack food.
Characterisation of four popular Polish hop cultivars
Authors: Leonardi Michele , Skomra Urszula , Agacka Monika , Stochmal Anna , Ambryszewska Katarzyna E. , Oleszek Wieslaw , Flamini Guido , Pistelli Luisa 
Published: May 2013

SummaryPolish cultivars of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) are well known as aroma and bitter raw material in the brewing industry. To characterise four popular Polish hop cultivars, Lubelski (Lublin), Marynka, Sybilla and Iunga (also known as Junga), the essential oil profiles were determined by gas chromatography/flame ionisation detector (GC‐FID) and gas chromatography/chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (GC‐CIMS) and the alpha/beta acids amounts by high‐performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD) analysis. In addition, the multivariate statistical analysis of the volatile profiles was performed. The results obtained evidenced qualitative and quantitative differences between the four cultivars studied and the foreign hops described in the literature. Lubelski and Iunga showed the typical chemical profile of the fine‐aroma and high‐alpha cultivars, respectively. In Marynka and Sybilla, the average amounts of alpha acids were similar to the bitter hops, but with a volatile profile characteristics of the fine‐aroma and aroma cultivars respectively.
Co‐inoculation of yeast and lactic acid bacteria to improve cherry wines sensory quality
Authors: Sun Shu Yang , Gong Han Sheng , Zhao Kun , Wang Xiao Lin , Wang Xue , Zhao Xi Hao , Yu Bing , Wang Huan Xin 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThis study examined the effect of co‐inoculation of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the chemical and sensory characteristics of cherry wines, in comparison with a traditional sequential culture. Three LABs were investigated, including two O. oeni (SG26 and Viniflora) and one L. plantarum (PL18). All co‐inoculations significantly shortened the fermentation time (average 8 days earlier) to reach a stable level of residual sugar (<2 g L−1) and L‐malic acid (<0.5 g L−1), and no inhibitory effect on the yeast proliferation was observed. For volatiles determined, co‐culture with SG26 produced the greatest amount of volatile components (138.5 mg L−1), whereas sequential inoculation with PL18 had the lowest level (119.6 mg L−1). PCA result revealed that different LABs had diverse influences on the volatile profile of cherry wines, and sensory analysis confirmed that these samples presented distinct sensory profiles, and particularly, a stronger note of fruity was perceived when co‐culture was used.
Effect of surface properties of different food contact materials on the efficiency of quaternary ammonium compounds residue recovery and persistence
Authors: Mousavi Zeinab E. , Fanning Seamus , Butler Francis 
Published: May 2013

SummaryResidues of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) remaining after sanitising were evaluated for a number of materials used in food plants. The residues were collected by swabs and measured using a spectrophotometric method. Surface topography and energy affected the QACs recovery. Highest percentage of QACs recovery was achieved for the tile material (102.2%) which had the most hydrophilic properties and least irregularities in surface topology, followed by stainless steel (82.1%). Meanwhile, the lowest recovery occurred in PVC (42.1%) and resin (44.3%) that exhibited hydrophobic characteristics and abrupt changes in height profile in a given surface area. Monitoring of QACs residues deposited on the surfaces after 7 days showed that the recovery of QACs in PVC and resin reduced significantly (P < 0.05), supposing that QACs might be degraded or interacted with the materials. However, no significant changes in residue recovery were observed for tiles and stainless steel surfaces after 7 days.
Characteristics of Aspergillus niger xylanases produced on rice husk and wheat bran in submerged culture and solid‐state fermentation for an applicability proposal
Authors: Membrillo Venegas Isabel , Fuentes‐Hernández Janeth , García‐Rivero Mayola , Martínez‐Trujillo Aurora 
Published: May 2013

SummaryXylanolytic rich filtrates were obtained by A. niger sp in both submerged and solid‐state culture using rice husk or wheat bran as the only carbon source. Filtrates obtained on rice husk showed the highest activities (~6500 and 5200 U g−1, respectively). Independent of carbon source, these filtrates were very stable in an acidic pH range (4–7) and mild temperatures, with high half‐life time values (more than 7 h at 50 °C) in the corresponding inactivation kinetic models. Also the effect of different metallic ions and denaturing substances was verified finding that these enzymes are not metaloproteins, and metals as Hg2+ and Pb2+ caused the greatest loss of xylanolytic activity (not higher than 30%). Xylanases produced by this A. niger strain showed important features that make them potential candidates for applications on human and livestock food industries.
Physicochemical characteristics and shelf life estimation of maize/soybean extrudates added with bovine haemoglobin
Authors: Caballero María S. , Drago Silvina R. , Costa Silvia C. , Sabbag Nora G. , González Rolando J. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryMaize/soybean (88:12) extrudates fortified with bovine haemoglobin as a source of iron with the addition of iron absorption enhancers were developed. The aims were to evaluate physicochemical characteristics and to predict shelf life by sensory analysis. Extrudates were made using a Brabender 20 DN single‐screw extruder. Specific mechanical energy consumption (SMEC), expansion ratio, specific volume, water solubility and water absorption were measured. Extrudates were stored at three temperatures (12.5, 30 and 45 °C) for 50 days. Colour, crispness and rancid flavour were evaluated by a trained panel. Both addition of haemoglobin and enhancers did not produce significant differences for SMEC, expansion and specific volume. Flavour was the attribute with the greatest degree of damage during storage, thus was used for predicting shelf life. The expanded product added with haemoglobin, and Na2EDTA could be kept for 15 months at 15 °C or 10 months at 22 °C without rancid flavour development.
Validation of the minimal citrate tube fill volume for routine coagulation tests on ACL TOP 500 CTS®
Authors: Ver Elst K. , Vermeiren S. , Schouwers S. , Callebaut V. , Thomson W. , Weekx S. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryIntroductionCLSI recommends a minimal citrate tube fill volume of 90%. A validation protocol with clinical and analytical components was set up to determine the tube fill threshold for international normalized ratio of prothrombin time (PT‐INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and fibrinogen.MethodsCitrated coagulation samples from 16 healthy donors and eight patients receiving vitamin K antagonists (VKA) were evaluated. Eighty‐nine tubes were filled to varying volumes of >50%. Coagulation tests were performed on ACL TOP 500 CTS®. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) plot, with Total error (TE) and critical difference (CD) as possible acceptance criteria, was used to determine the fill threshold.ResultsReceiving Operating Characteristic was the most accurate with CD for PT‐INR and TE for aPTT resulting in thresholds of 63% for PT and 80% for aPTT. By adapted ROC, based on threshold setting at a point of 100% sensitivity at a maximum specificity, CD was best for PT and TE for aPTT resulting in thresholds of 73% for PT and 90% for aPTT. For fibrinogen, the method was only valid with the TE criterion at a 63% fill volume.ConclusionIn our study, we validated the minimal citrate tube fill volumes of 73%, 90% and 63% for PT‐INR, aPTT and fibrinogen, respectively.
Leukocyte cell population data (volume conductivity scatter) in postprandial leukocyte activation
Authors: Klop B. , van de Geijn G.‐J. M. , Njo T. L. , Janssen H. W. , Rietveld A. P. , van Miltenburg A. , Fernández‐Sender L. , Elte J. W. F. , Castro Cabezas M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryIntroductionChanges in leukocyte cell population data have been reported in various infectious diseases, but little is known in other inflammatory conditions such as the postprandial state. We investigated whether leukocyte cell population data change during postprandial leukocyte activation.MethodsHealthy volunteers underwent a standardized oral fat loading test (OFLT). Flowcytometric quantitation of leukocyte activation markers CD11b, CD66b, CD35, and CD36, together with leukocyte cell population data from LH750 hematology analyzers were measured fasting and at 4 and 8 h postprandially.ResultsTwelve volunteers were included. Postprandial leukocyte activation was confirmed by increased expression of CD11b by monocytes (+11.7%) and neutrophils (+15.0%) and by increased expression of CD66b (+14.7%) and CD35 (+16.6%) by neutrophils at T = 4 h. The mean scatter from neutrophils, reflecting granularity, significantly decreased at T = 4 h (P < 0.05) and returned to baseline at T = 8 h (P‐anova 0.048). The mean volume of monocytes increased significantly at T = 4 h (P < 0.001) and returned to baseline at T = 8 h (P‐anova 0.0008). At T = 4 h, CD11b expression on neutrophils was associated with a reduction in mean scatter of neutrophils (Pearson's r: −0.677, P = 0.016).ConclusionPostprandial leukocyte activation is accompanied by temporary changes in leukocyte cell population data, similar to changes observed during various infections, but to a lesser extent.
‘All things considered’: transcriptional regulation of T helper type 2 cell differentiation from precursor to effector activation
Authors: Zeng Wei‐ping 
Published: May 2013

SummaryT helper type 2 (Th2) cells are critical to host defence against helminth infection and the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The differentiation of Th2 cells from naive CD4 T cells is controlled by intricate transcriptional mechanisms. At the precursor stage of naive CD4 T cells, transcriptional mechanisms maintain the potential and in the meantime prevent spontaneous differentiation to Th2 fate. In addition, intrachromosomal interactions important for co‐ordinated expression of Th2 cytokines pre‐exist in naive CD4 T cells. Upon T‐cell receptor (TCR) engagement, naive CD4 T cells are induced by polarizing signals of the interleukin‐4/Stat6 and Jagged/Notch pathways to up‐regulate the expression of GATA‐3. Once up‐regulated, GATA‐3 drives Th2 and suppresses Th1 differentiation in a cell autonomous fashion. In this stage of differentiation, the Th2 cytokine locus, as well as the interferon‐γ locus, undergoes chromatin remodelling and epigenetic modifications that contribute to the somatic memory of Th2 cytokine gene expression pattern. Once differentiated, Th2 effector cells promptly produce Th2 cytokines upon TCR stimulation, which is regulated by concerted actions of GATA‐3, TCR signalling, enhancers and the Th2 locus control region. This review provides a detailed account of the transcriptional regulatory events at these different stages of Th2 differentiation.