bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Information, Auditing Commitment, and Economic Growth
Authors: Ho Wai‐Hong , Wang Yong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe analyze in this paper the growth and welfare consequences stemming from the lack of auditing commitment in a credit market with costly state verification. By studying two endogenous growth models, one of which allows lenders to commit to costly auditing strategies, whereas the other does not, we show that the inability to commit serves as a source of informational friction that results in more stringent contractual terms, which, in turn, result in lower capital accumulation, growth, and welfare. From the policy perspective, our analysis suggests a new micro‐economic channel through which institutional failings hinder economic growth and social welfare.
The fundamental problem of accounting
Authors: Cairns Robert D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe fundamental problem of economic accounting is to determine a forward‐looking schedule of rentals, user costs or quasi‐rents to provide for the recovery of irreversible investments. The method derived herein relaxes some restrictive assumptions that are common in capital theory. There can be multiple forms of comprehensive capital. Accounting for all forms of capital, including tangible and intangible capital, is symmetrical. The analytical focus becomes one of fixities and frictions and not optimality. Rentals obey inequalities as opposed to marginal conditions. If discounted profit is positive, rentals, depreciation, and capital value are not unique.
A swing state theory of trade protection in the Electoral College
Authors: Muûls Mirabelle , Petropoulou Dimitra 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper analyzes trade policy determination in the Electoral College in the presence of swing voters. It determines the circumstances under which incumbent politicians have an incentive to build a reputation for protectionism, thus swaying voting decisions and improving their re‐election probability. Strategic trade protection is shown to be more likely when protectionist swing voters have a lead over free trade supporters in states with relatively strong electoral competition and in states representing a larger proportion of Electoral College votes. An empirical test using a measure of industrial concentration in swing and decisive U.S. states lends support to the theoretical findings.
Electoral systems and protectionism: an industry‐level analysis
Authors: Ardelean Adina , Evans Carolyn L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOur paper advances the previous literature on the relationship between electoral systems and trade protection in several ways. First, our paper is the first to incorporate disaggregated, product‐level data in a cross‐country study. We find that prior cross‐country results, based on national average tariffs, mask a great deal of underlying industry‐level variation. Second, we introduce an innovative proxy for geographic concentration of ownership that varies both by industry and by country. We find that geographic concentration helps to explain the industry heterogeneity. Greater geographic concentration is linked to higher average tariffs, a finding consistent with the theoretical model.
Protective Effects of Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor on Vascular Permeability Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
Authors: Zhou Ning , Xu Ting , Bai Ying , Prativa Sherchan , Xu Jia‐Zhou , Li Kai , Han Hong‐Bin , Yan Jun‐Hao 
Published: May 2013

SummaryAimsInflammation and apoptosis play important roles in increasing vascular permeability following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), a serine protease inhibitor, attenuates vascular permeability by its antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects after experimental SAH.MethodsSubarachnoid hemorrhage models were established in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats by endovascular perforation. UTI was administered by intraperitoneal injection immediately following SAH. Brain edema was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 24 h after SAH. Neurological deficits, brain water content, vascular permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to explore the underlying protective mechanism of UTI.ResultsUrinary trypsin inhibitor 50,000 U/kg significantly attenuated brain edema and neurological deficits and reduced vascular permeability at 24 h after SAH. MDA concentration and MPO activity in hippocampus were significantly decreased with UTI treatment. Furthermore, the levels of phosphorylated JNK, NF‐κB (p65), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and proapoptotic protein p53, caspase‐3 were elevated in the microvascular endothelial cells of the hippocampus after SAH, which were alleviated with UTI treatment.ConclusionUrinary trypsin inhibitor reduced vascular permeability after SAH through its antiinflammatory and antiapptotic effects via blocking the activity of JNK, NF‐κB, and p53.
Elucidation of proliferative capability of mononuclear tetraploid cells, emerging spontaneously from diploid cells, using image cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Ito Hideaki , Oga Atsunori , Furuya Tomoko , Ikemoto Kenzo , Amakawa Genta , Chochi Yasuyo , Kawauchi Shigeto , Sasaki Kohsuke 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesProliferation of tetraploid cells (TCs) emerging from diploid cells is considered to be a critical event toward tumourigenesis, or cancer progression. Recently, several studies have reported that binuclear TCs emerging from normal cells are capable of mitosis, however, it has not been confirmed directly whether mononuclear TCs emerging from normal cells could proliferate, even cancer cells. The aim of this study is to detect mononuclear TCs in vitro, spontaneously emerging from diploid cells and to elucidate their proliferative capability directly. For this purpose, we have developed a novel method.Materials and methodsIn this study, two completely disomic cell lines were used, TIG‐7, a fibroblast cell line and CAL‐51, a breast cancer cell line. Cells were cultured on microscope slides and their DNA content was determined using an image cytometer. On the same slides, chromosome numbers were scored using centromere fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). For evaluating proliferative capability of TCs, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation and colony‐forming ability were examined.ResultsUsing our method, spontaneous emergence of mononuclear TCs was detected in both TIG‐7 and CAL‐51. Colonies of TIG‐7 TCs were not observed, but were observed of CAL‐51 TCs.ConclusionsOur method enables detection of mononuclear TCs and elucidation of their proliferative capability, directly; this evidence reveals that mononuclear TIG‐7 TCs do not proliferate but that mononuclear CAL‐51 TCs are able to.
Patterns of participation across a range of activities among Canadian children with neurodevelopmental disorders and disabilities
Authors: Mâsse Louise C , Miller Anton R , Shen Jane , Schiariti Veronica , Roxborough Lori 
Published: May 2013

AimChildren with neurodevelopmental disorders and disabilities (NDD/D) may experience barriers or restrictions to participation in activities. We examined the extent to which this is a problem for children in particular NDD/D subgroups.MethodWe analysed the 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey children data set (5–14y) collected by Statistics Canada (n = 7072 and weighted n = 340 340), having identified the following NDD/D subgroups (weighted n = 77 470; 69.1% males and 30.9% females): gross or gross and fine motor (Motor+), communication/cognition/learning (CCL), social interaction, neurosensory (vision or vision and hearing), and psychological. We used logistic regression to assess differences in participation in supervised and unsupervised physical activities, educational activities, and social/recreational activities.ResultsParticipation in some school‐based activities differed significantly among children in the NDD/D subgroups (p<0.01). Participation in supervised and unsupervised physical activity was lowest for the Motor+ and social interaction subgroups, and highest for the neurosensory and CCL subgroups. Participation for the psychological subgroup was mostly in the intermediate range. In contrast, participation in educational activities was lowest for the social interaction and psychological subgroups, and higher for the other groups.InterpretationGiven the importance of participation to child health and well‐being, these differences in participation in various in‐school activities highlight an area of need regarding policies/programmes to support subgroups of children with NDD/D.
Association between KCNQ1 genetic variants and QT interval in a Chinese population
Authors: Yu W. , Zhang F. , Hu W. , Zhang R. , Wang C. , Lu J. , Jiang F. , Tang S. , Peng D. , Chen M. , Bao Y. , Xiang K. , Hu C. , Jia W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimThere is a close link between electrocardiographic ventricular repolarization QT parameters and Type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of QT‐related and diabetes‐related variants in KCNQ1 on QT interval in a Chinese population.MethodsWe recruited 2415 patients with Type 2 diabetes and 1163 subjects with normal glucose regulation in the present study. QT interval was obtained and the heart rate‐corrected QT interval (QTc) was calculated using Bazett's formula. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms in KCNQ1 were selected (rs12296050, rs12576239, rs2237892 and rs2237895) and genotyped.Results In participants with normal glucose regulation, the minor allele T of rs12296050 was associated with a 3.46‐ms QTc prolongation under an additive model (P = 0.0109, empirical P = 0.0498). In patients with Type 2 diabetes, we did not find any association for the single nucleotide polymorphisms.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that KCNQ1 is associated with QT interval in a Chinese population with normal glucose regulation.
To freeze or not to freeze peripheral blood stem cells prior to allogeneic transplantation from matched related donors
Authors: Parody Rocío , Caballero Dolores , Márquez‐Malaver Francisco J. , Vázquez Lourdes , Saldaña Raquel , Madrigal Ma Dolores , Calderón Cristina , Carrillo Estrella , Lopez‐Corral Lucía , Espigado Ildefonso , Carmona Magdalena , López‐Villar Olga , Pérez‐Simón Jose A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe standard practice in allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) is to infuse peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) the same day or the day after collection once the patient has received conditioning regimen. To obtain and freeze PBSC prior to SCT would be desirable to get a better logistic and to confirm the quality of the product. Unfortunately, studies comparing both approaches are lacking.AimIn this retrospective study, we analyze the impact of using fresh (N: 107) or previously frozen PBSC (N: 224) on overall outcomes among patients consecutively undergoing alloPBSCT from a matched related donor.ResultsGranulocyte engraftment (>500/mcl × 3 days) was faster in the frozen group (14 vs. 16 days, respectively; P = 0.001), while no significant differences on platelet recovery were observed. Patients receiving frozen PBSC had a higher incidence of global acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) (63 vs. 44%, P < 0.001) mostly involving skin and had an earlier onset (13 vs. 30 days, P < 0.001). Response to first‐line treatment with corticoids was similar in both groups. No statistically significant differences were found regarding overall chronic GVHD (58 vs. 66%) nor global survival (44 vs 48%), disease‐free survival (39 vs. 33%), non‐relapse mortality (24 vs. 16% at 1 year), and relapse rates in the frozen vs. fresh group, respectively.ConclusionsInfusion of previously frozen stem cells may achieve similar overall outcomes compared to fresh infusion, allowing to program donor apheresis and transplantation. However, cryopreservation might influence on the different pattern of aGVHD, issue that deserves further studies.
Chronic graft‐versus‐host disease of the kidney in patients with allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Pilar Fraile , Lourdes Vazquez , Dolores Caballero , Pedro Garcia‐Cosmes , Lucia López , Jesus San Miguel , Jose Matias Tabernero 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntroductionAllogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo‐HSCT) is the treatment of choice for several hematological diseases. Although rare, patients could present nephrotic syndrome as a clinical feature of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD). The objective of our study is to screen patients with allo‐HSCT to determine who developed a glomerular pathology in the context of cGVHD.Patients and methodsWe studied patients who underwent allo‐HSCT treatment in our center between October 1995 and October 2012 and who developed glomerular pathology. cGVHD was defined as a pathology when it appeared after 100 d post‐allo‐HSCT.ResultsFive hundred eighty‐three allo‐HSCT were performed. The prevalence of cGVHD of the kidney was 1.03%. All patients with cGVHD of the kidney were hosts who received peripheral blood from an identical HLA match donor. GVHD prophylaxis with calcineurin inhibitors plus methotrexate was administered in five cases, and prophylaxis with sirolimus was used in another case. cGVHD of the kidney was seen to appear after the removal of the prophylaxis for GVHD, within 33 ± 11.54 months intervals after allo‐HSCT in five patients and in another patient, it appeared despite immunosuppressive therapy being administered. All patients had proteinuria, within 11.82 ± 9.03 g/d ranges. The kidney biopsies revealed membranous glomerulonephritis (four patients), focal segmental glomerulonephritis (one patient) and lupus nephropathy class III (one patient). It seems, immunosuppressive therapy achieved complete remission, within the first year of treatment in four patients. Although in three of them, the proteinuria recurred when we tried to remove the therapy; two patients have recently started treatment, being in partial remission now.ConclusionscGVHD of the kidney is a rare complication after allo‐HSCT, related with the removal of the immunosuppression. Monitoring proteinuria in these patients may be useful. In our patients, a complete remission was achieved; although the removal of the immunosuppression may lead to the appearance of outbreaks. We must reconsider the treatment of glomerular pathology secondary to cGVHD.
Changes in magnetic properties and their pedogenetic implications for paddy soil chronosequences from different parent materials in south China
Authors: Han G.‐Z. , Zhang G.‐L. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryIt remains unknown whether there is a consistent relationship between magnetism dynamics and pedogenesis for paddy soils. In this study, three paddy soil chronosequences, derived from purple sandy shale (PS), Quaternary red clay (RC) and red sandstone (RS) in the hilly regions of south China, were studied to identify changes in magnetism during soil development and to understand their implications for pedogenesis. The results show that magnetic susceptibility (MS) and soft isothermal remanent magnetization (IRMs) simultaneously decreased to extremely small values in the anthrostagnic epipedons during the initial stages of cultivation. In contrast, this decrease was limited in the hydragric horizons of the young paddy soils and even increased in some. These changes suggest that MS and IRMs can be enhanced by the oxidation of Fe2+ in acid paddy soils (between pH 5 and 6) or be depressed by anaerobic transformations of ferrimagnetic minerals. The main influence on magnetic properties was time duration and especially reducing degree of artificial submergence, while parent materials played a supportive role. Magnetic enrichments generally occurred in the clay fraction. Ferrimagnetic clay minerals were more easily altered than minerals in the silt and sand fractions. The study also shows that there was no fixed pattern in the relationship between magnetism and paddy pedogenesis and magnetic properties should be used with care when applying them to environments in which redox processes occur.
Differences in fungal and bacterial physiology alter soil carbon and nitrogen cycling: insights from meta‐analysis and theoretical models
Authors: Waring Bonnie G. , Averill Colin , Hawkes Christine V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSince fungi and bacteria are the dominant decomposers in soil, their distinct physiologies are likely to differentially influence rates of ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. We used meta‐analysis and an enzyme‐driven biogeochemical model to explore the drivers and biogeochemical consequences of changes in the fungal‐to‐bacterial ratio (F : B). In our meta‐analysis data set, F : B increased with soil C : N ratio (R2 = 0.224,P < 0.001), a relationship predicted by our model. We found that differences in biomass turnover rates influenced F : B under conditions of C limitation, while differences in biomass stoichiometry set the upper bounds on F : B once a nutrient limitation threshold was reached. Ecological interactions between the two groups shifted along a gradient of resource stoichiometry. At intermediate substrate C : N, fungal N mineralisation fuelled bacterial growth, increasing total microbial biomass and decreasing net N mineralisation. Therefore, we conclude that differences in bacterial and fungal physiology may have large consequences for ecosystem‐scale C and N cycling.
Asymmetric pain processing in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Granovsky Y. , Schlesinger I. , Fadel S. , Erikh I. , Sprecher E. , Yarnitsky D. 
Published: May 2013

Background and purposeReduced endogenous pain inhibition, as part of the degenerative process, is presumed to be the mechanism underlying the common presence of pain in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to assess an endogenous pain inhibitory system in PD using the conditioned pain modulation paradigm.MethodsTwenty‐six predominantly unilateral PD patients and 19 controls underwent psychophysical pain assessment before and after patients' morning dopaminergic medication.ResultsAn unexpected increase in several parameters of pain perception for PD patients was found after dopaminergic medication (e.g. for 49°C noxious heat stimulation an increase from 70.6 ± 4.0 to 77.6 ± 4.0 on the numerical pain scale, P < 0.001). This increase was seen in patients with predominantly left‐sided PD, regardless of the stimulated side (for 49°C noxious heat stimulation, predominantly left‐sided PD patients, pain perception increased from 73.5 ± 6.8 to 85.0 ± 6.8, P < 0.001, whereas predominantly right‐sided PD patients did not show a significant increase, 68.3 ± 6.8 to 70.4 ± 6.5, P = 0.777). Baseline efficiency of conditioned pain modulation inversely correlated with age at disease onset (r = −0.522; P = 0.009) and disease severity (Unified PD Rating Scale, r = 0.447; P = 0.032) but did not differ between patients and controls.ConclusionsIncreased sensory response causing hyperalgesia occurs after dopaminergic medication in patients with predominantly left‐sided PD.
Clinical predictors to identify paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after ischaemic stroke
Authors: Wohlfahrt J. , Stahrenberg R. , Weber‐Krüger M. , Gröschel S. , Wasser K. , Edelmann F. , Seegers J. , Wachter R. , Gröschel K. 
Published: May 2013

Background and purposeDetection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF) after an ischaemic cerebrovascular event is of imminent interest, because oral anticoagulation as a highly effective secondary preventive treatment is available. Whereas permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) can be detected during routine electrocardiogram (ECG), longer detection duration will detect more pAF but might be resource consuming. The current study tried to identify clinical predictors for pAF detected during long‐term Holter ECG and clinical follow‐up.MethodsPatients with acute ischaemic stroke were prospectively investigated with an intensified algorithm to detect pAF (7‐day Holter ECG, follow‐up investigations after 90 days and 1 year).ResultsTwo hundred and eighty‐one patients were included, 44 of whom had to be excluded since they presented with permanent AF and another 13 patients had to be excluded due to other causes leaving 224 patients (mean age 68.5 years, 58.5% male). Twenty‐nine (12.9%) patients could be identified to have pAF during prolonged Holter monitoring, an additional 13 (5.8%) after follow‐up investigations. Multivariate analysis identified advanced age [odds ratio (OR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.08] as well as clinical symptoms >24 h (OR 5.17, 95% CI 1.73–15.48) and a history of coronary artery disease (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.35–7.28) to be predictive for the detection of pAF.ConclusionsIn acute stroke patients with advanced age, history of coronary artery disease and clinical symptoms >24 h, a prolonged Holter ECG monitoring and follow‐up is warranted to identify pAF. This could increase the detection rate of patients requiring anticoagulation and may be able to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke in the case of successful anticoagulation of these patients.
Bortezomib and heart failure: case‐report and review of the French Pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Honton Benjamin , Despas Fabien , Dumonteil Nicolas , Rouvellat Caroline , Roussel Murielle , Carrie Didier , Galinier Michel , Montastruc Jean Louis , Pathak Atul 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor commonly indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma and non Hodgkin lymphoma. Cardiac adverse drug reactions of this drug are not clearly established. We report case where direct involvement of bortezomib in the occurrence of heart failure is strongly suspected and 22 other cases spontaneously reported to the French Pharmacovigilance System. This report should increase cardiologist awareness about the risk of heart failure related to this drug. Moreover, these cases underline the need for a systematic cardiac screening in patients exposed to bortezomib.
The Value of Short‐Term Study Abroad: An Increase in Students' Cultural and Pragmatic Competency
Authors: Reynolds‐Case Anne 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe effect of studying abroad on students' language production has been extensively researched. However, a question that has not been addressed is whether study abroad programs lasting six weeks or less offer sufficient time and contact for students to demonstrate measurable development in their command of the language. The current investigation reveals the effects of a short‐term study abroad program in Spain on students' recognition, comprehension, and production of region‐specific linguistic forms. In this study, pre‐ and post‐program survey data as well as observational data were gathered from a group of students during a four‐week study abroad program in an effort to access their exposure to, and use of, the vosotros form.