bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Detailed Reconstruction of the Woodlark Basin
Authors: Benyshek E. K. , Taylor B. , Goodliffe A. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn animated 100,000‐year‐interval tectonic reconstruction of the Woodlark Basin in the southwest Pacific illustrates how, at intermediate initial spreading rates, orogenic continents break up (dyke model), spreading segments nucleate, transform faults initiate and ocean basins evolve. We refine the location/timing of initial seafloor spreading and Euler poles of rotation back to 6.2 Ma. In the easternmost basin, where spreading younger than 2.6 Ma is not co‐polar with that to the west, we recognize the formation of a Ghizo microplate and Ranongga Transform Fault at ∼2.6 Ma and a 3‐degree rotational opening of the Itina Trough from 2.6 to 1.0 Ma. Allowing for that motion, we show that the 5.2–2.6 Ma seafloor in the easternmost basin formed co‐polar with that to the west. We also identify a ridge jump reorientation at ∼1.0 Ma that formed the NE‐trending Simbo Spreading Segment, whose neovolcanic zone includes Simbo Island and a submarine edifice to its south. Proposed deterministic models of ridge propagation (due to topographic gradients, mantle flow away from hotspots and/or changing plate motion) are not consistent with those observed; mantle chemical heterogeneities and melting anomalies are a potential cause that remains to be tested. We reconstruct the northern conjugate of the oldest extant oceanic crust and estimate the initiation of its subduction at ∼2.6 Ma, concomitant with observed changes in plate motion and segmentation. Where subducted, the young oceanic lithosphere between the conjugate rifted margins appears to be resorbed into the mantle, leaving a slab window where the Pacific subducted slab remains attached.
How Volcanic Aerosols Globally Inhibit Precipitation
Authors: McGraw Zachary , Polvani Lorenzo M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVolcanic aerosols reduce global mean precipitation in the years after major eruptions, yet the mechanisms that produce this response have not been rigorously identified. Volcanic aerosols alter the atmosphere's energy balance, with precipitation changes being one pathway by which the atmosphere acts to return toward equilibrium. By examining the atmosphere's energy budget in climate model simulations using radiative kernels, we explain the global precipitation reduction as largely a consequence of Earth's surface cooling in response to volcanic aerosols reflecting incoming sunlight. These aerosols also directly add energy to the atmosphere by absorbing outgoing longwave radiation, which is a major cause of precipitation decline in the first post‐eruption year. We additionally identify factors limiting the post‐eruption precipitation decline, and provide evidence that our results are robust across climate models.
Boundary Effects of Orogenic Plateaus in the Evolution of the Stress Field: The Southern Puna Study Case (26°30′–27°30′S)
Authors: Quiroga R. , Giambiagi L. , Echaurren A. , Mescua J. , Pingel H. , Fuentes G. , Peña M. , Suriano J. , Martínez F. , Mpodozis C. , Strecker M. R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present a study in the southern Puna (26°30′–27°30′S), aiming to explore the late Cenozoic evolution of the deformation and the stress field during its uplift. Through U‐Pb geochronology, structural observations, paleostress analysis, and balanced cross‐sections, we propose an structural evolutionary model over the past 24 million years, separated in four stages: Stage 1, in the late Oligocene to middle Miocene, the region experienced E‐W compression. Stage 2, from middle to late Miocene, a transition from predominant compression to an incipient strike‐slip regime is observed. Stage 3, from late Miocene to early Pliocene, showed a further shift in the stress field, resulting in a combination of a predominant strike‐slip regime, and less predominant compressional regime. Finally, Stage 4, from late Pliocene to Quaternary, featured a dominance of strike‐slip regimes. Our results show that the stress field in each stage is associated with the orogen's internal architecture and its evolution. Vertical stress variations are linked to plateau uplift, creating topographic gradients across the orogen. Horizontal rotations of the principal stress axes are caused mainly by an edge effect resulting from the growth of the plateau while it reaches a critical crustal thickness and elevation. This leads to a transfer of compression from high‐lying areas to lower regions. The southernmost Puna region shows no significant evidence of normal faulting, suggesting it is not undergoing orogenic collapse associated with a regional tensional stress regime.
Global Warming Amplifies Outdoor Extreme Moist Heat During the Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Ambika Anukesh Krishnankutty , Rajeev Akshay , Huber Matthew 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBecause of the climatological prevalence of hot, humid conditions, moist heat extremes are a significant challenge to the health and wellbeing of the people in India. While research has demonstrated the importance of summer monsoon to moist heat in India, impact of monsoon‐break and warm spells in modulating extreme moist heat regionally has not been fully investigated. Here we investigate moist heat extremes, as measured by the Wet‐Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) metric, specifically during monsoon and monsoon‐break periods and find that they pose a major threat to physical labor and health relative to other seasons. During the 1951–2020 break period, an increase in area exposed (∼42.76 million km2), representing at least 670 million people, to extreme and detrimental WBGT values >31°C occur. Our results imply that future studies on extreme moist heat must pay close attention to the variation of weather systems on synoptic to subseasonal time scales that are superimposed on the seasonal monsoon migration.
Decrease in MJO Predictability Following Indo–Pacific Warm Pool Expansion
Authors: Kim Hyemi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe characteristics of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) have changed and are projected to continue changing with the expansion of the Indo–Pacific warm pool, which is the Earth's largest region of warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs). However, the likelihood of a change in MJO predictability following warm pool expansion remains unaddressed. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of warm pool expansion on MJO variability and predictability using the highly idealized aquaplanet configuration of Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2). By expanding the warm pool in the Indo–Pacific, MJO‐like waves become more regionally confined, short‐lived convective events with weaker magnitude and less robust eastward propagating signals, possibly due to stronger zonal SST gradients and wider meridional widths of the warm pool. Perfect‐model ensemble forecast experiments revealed that the MJO predictability decreased by approximately 5 days, the forecast error proliferated, and the signal rapidly reduced following warm pool expansion.
Sprite Durations Measured With a Neuromorphic Sensor
Authors: Smith B. , McHarg M. G. , da Silva C. L. , Sonnenfeld R. G. , Koile J. , Leal A. F. R. , Jones I. R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNeuromorphic sensors have inherently‐fast speeds and low data rates, which potentially make them ideal for the observation of transient sources, such as lightning and sprites. Particularly, for remote observations. In this article, we report the first observations of sprites from the ground with a neuromorphic sensor. These observations are accompanied by measurements with established instruments such as low‐light level and high‐frame rate cameras. We determine that neuromorphic sensors can capture sprites and determine their duration to an accuracy of roughly 6 ms. Average sprite durations were found to be 55 ms within our data set. We have also ascertained that sprites may be too dim for the neuromorphic sensors to resolve the internal spatiotemporal dynamics, at least without the aid of intensifiers.
Primary Pressure Scale of KCl B2 Phase to the Core‐Mantle Boundary
Authors: Ma Ning , Sumita Tatsuya , Murakami Motohiko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReliable pressure determination is crucial for high pressure and temperature experiments and meaningful interpretation of their geophysical implications. However, nearly all commonly‐used pressure scales are secondary in nature, meaning their establishments rely on pre‐existing primary shock‐compression‐based pressure scales, which due to their dynamic compression nature, large uncertainty in peak shock temperature estimation and electronic thermal pressure contribution can yield substantial (∼5%) uncertainties at 1 Mbar conditions. To overcome this intrinsic shortcoming, in this study a self‐consistent primary pressure scale of KCl B2 phase was experimentally calibrated up to 85 GPa at ambient temperature using an approach through measuring the acoustic wave velocities and molar volume using Brillouin spectroscopy and Synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. Best fitting of thermoelastic parameters based on our experimental results yields V0 = 32.48 (9) cm3 mol−1, KT0 = 21.33 (70) GPa, = 4.836 (83), G0 = 16.83 (237) GPa, G′ = 2.147 (115), γ0 = 1.92 (11) and θD0 = 251 (22) K. A KCl B2 phase primary pressure scale based on 3rd order Birch‐Murnaghan equation of state (EOS) is established without relying on any external (shock compressed‐based) pressure scales and further extended also to high temperatures in combination with thermal pressure effect calculated using Mie‒Grüneisen‒Debye model under quasi‐harmonic approximation. Our newly established KCl B2 EOS thus enables accurate pressure determinations at simultaneously high pressure and temperature conditions up to Earth's core‐mantle boundary and can serve as a benchmark for calibrating other secondary pressure scales.
Variation in the fitted filtration efficiency of disposable face masks by sex
Authors: Pennington Edward R. , Griffin Jacob S. , McInroe E. Melissa , Steinhardt William , Chen Hao , Samet James M. , Prince Steven E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background & objective
Disposable face masks are a primary protective measure against the adverse health effects of exposure to infectious and toxic aerosols such as airborne viruses and particulate air pollutants. While the fit of high efficiency respirators is regulated in occupational settings, relatively little is known about the fitted filtration efficiencies of ear loop style face masks worn by the public.

Methods
We measured the variation in fitted filtration efficiency (FFE) of four commonly worn disposable face masks, in a cohort of healthy adult participants (N = 100, 50% female, 50% male, average age = 32.3 ± 9.2 years, average BMI = 25.5 ± 3.4) using the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Quantitative Fit Test, for an N95 (respirator), KN95, surgical, and KF94 masks. The latter three ear loop style masks were additionally tested in a clip-modified condition, tightened using a plastic clip to centrally fasten loops in the back of the head.

Results
The findings show that sex is a major determinant of the FFE of KN95, surgical, and KF94 masks. On average, males had an 11% higher FFE relative to females, at baseline testing. We show that a simple modification using an ear loop clip, results in improvements in the average FFE for females but provides comparatively minor changes for males. On average, females had a 20% increased FFE when a clip was worn behind the head, relative to a 6% increase for males.

Impact

The efficacy of a disposable face mask as protection against air contaminants depends on the efficiency of the mask materials and how well it fits the wearer. We report that the sex of the wearer is a major determinant of the baseline fitted filtration efficiency (FFE) of commonly available ear loop style face masks. In addition, we show that a simple fit modifier, an ear loop clip fastened behind the head, substantially improves baseline FFE for females but produces only minor changes for males. These findings have significant public health implications for the use of face masks as a protective intervention against inhalational exposure to airborne contaminants.
Aberrant associations between neuronal resting-state fluctuations and working memory-induced activity in major depressive disorder
Authors: Hempel Moritz , Barnhofer Thorsten , Domke Ann-Kathrin , Hartling Corinna , Stippl Anna , Carstens Luisa , Gärtner Matti , Grimm Simone 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrevious investigations have revealed performance deficits and altered neural processes during working-memory (WM) tasks in major depressive disorder (MDD). While most of these studies used task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), there is an increasing interest in resting-state fMRI to characterize aberrant network dynamics involved in this and other MDD-associated symptoms. It has been proposed that activity during the resting-state represents characteristics of brain-wide functional organization, which could be highly relevant for the efficient execution of cognitive tasks. However, the dynamics linking resting-state properties and task-evoked activity remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the association between spontaneous activity as indicated by the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) at rest and activity during an emotional n-back task. 60 patients diagnosed with an acute MDD episode, and 52 healthy controls underwent the fMRI scanning procedure. Within both groups, positive correlations between spontaneous activity at rest and task-activation were found in core regions of the central-executive network (CEN), whereas spontaneous activity correlated negatively with task-deactivation in regions of the default mode network (DMN). Compared to healthy controls, patients showed a decreased rest-task correlation in the left prefrontal cortex (CEN) and an increased negative correlation in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (DMN). Interestingly, no significant group-differences within those regions were found solely at rest or during the task. The results underpin the potential value and importance of resting-state markers for the understanding of dysfunctional network dynamics and neural substrates of cognitive processing.
Quality of life for patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer randomised to early specialised home-based palliative care: the ALLAN trial
Authors: Bojesson Anders , Brun Eva , Eberhard Jakob , Segerlantz Mikael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The primary aim of specialised palliative care (SPC) is to improve the quality of life (QoL) for patients with a high symptom burden from a life-threatening disease. This randomised study aimed to assess the QoL impact of early integration of SPC alongside tumour-specific palliative treatment in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers.

Methods
We randomly assigned ambulatory patients with advanced GI cancer to early integration of SPC and palliative tumour-specific treatment or tumour-specific treatment alone. The primary endpoint was QoL assessed at baseline and every sixth week using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General (FACT-G) questionnaire.

Results
A total of 118 patients were randomised. The difference in total FACT-G score between patients assigned to early integration with SPC and controls was 5.2 points (95% CI: −0.1 to 10.5, p = 0.216), 6.7 points (95% CI: 0.2 to 13.3, p = 0.172), and 13 points (95% CI: 5.7 to 20.2, p = 0.004) at weeks 6, 12, and 24, respectively.

Conclusions
This prospective randomised trial strengthens the argument for early integration of SPC with tumour-specific treatment in patients with advanced GI cancers. We found an improved QoL for patients with advanced GI cancer 24 weeks after randomisation to early integration of home-based SPC.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (ref: NCT02246725).
SignEEG v1.0: Multimodal Dataset with Electroencephalography and Hand-written Signature for Biometric Systems
Authors: Mishra Ashish Ranjan , Kumar Rakesh , Gupta Vibha , Prabhu Sameer , Upadhyay Richa , Chhipa Prakash Chandra , Rakesh Sumit , Mokayed Hamam , Das Chakladar Debashis , De Kanjar , Liwicki Marcus , Simistira Liwicki Foteini , Saini Rajkumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHandwritten signatures in biometric authentication leverage unique individual characteristics for identification, offering high specificity through dynamic and static properties. However, this modality faces significant challenges from sophisticated forgery attempts, underscoring the need for enhanced security measures in common applications. To address forgery in signature-based biometric systems, integrating a forgery-resistant modality, namely, noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG), which captures unique brain activity patterns, can significantly enhance system robustness by leveraging multimodality’s strengths. By combining EEG, a physiological modality, with handwritten signatures, a behavioral modality, our approach capitalizes on the strengths of both, significantly fortifying the robustness of biometric systems through this multimodal integration. In addition, EEG’s resistance to replication offers a high-security level, making it a robust addition to user identification and verification. This study presents a new multimodalSignEEG v1.0dataset based on EEG and hand-drawn signatures from 70 subjects. EEG signals and hand-drawn signatures have been collected withEmotiv InsightandWacom Onesensors, respectively. The multimodal data consists of three paradigms based on mental, & motor imagery, and physical execution: i) thinking of the signature’s image, (ii) drawing the signature mentally, and (iii) drawing a signature physically. Extensive experiments have been conducted to establish a baseline with machine learning classifiers. The results demonstrate that multimodality in biometric systems significantly enhances robustness, achieving high reliability even with limited sample sizes. We release the raw, pre-processed data and easy-to-follow implementation details.
Renal excretion of 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) in firefighting instructors after exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during live fire training
Authors: Lang Felix , Wollschläger Daniel , Letzel Dipl.-Ing. Stephan , Roßbach Bernd 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExposure of firefighting instructors to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene is unavoidable during live fire training. The study aimed to investigate naphthalene uptake by measuring the urinary excretion of the naphthalene metabolite 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN), to describe the DHN elimination kinetics and to evaluate the results by comparison to further biomarkers of PAH exposure. N = 6 male non-smoking firefighting instructors completed five training sessions each in a residential fire simulation unit under respiratory protection. All participants provided two urine samples before and another seven samples within an 18-h-interval after each session. DHN was detected by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) in all samples (n = 237) with median concentrations ranging from 3.3 µg/g crea. (range 0.9–10.2) before exposure to 134.2 µg/g crea. (43.4–380.4) post exposure. Maximum elimination found 3.3 h (median) after onset of exposure decreased with a mean half-life of 6.6 h to 27.1 µg/g crea. (15.7–139.5) 18 h after training. DHN sensitively indicated a presumed dermal naphthalene intake during training, showing similar elimination kinetics like other naphthalene metabolites. Internal exposure of the participants transiently exceeded exposures determined for non-smokers in the general population, but was lower than at other workplaces with PAH exposure. Despite limited uptake, accumulation is possible with daily exposure.
Synthesis and characterization of novel histidine functionalized chitosan nanoformulations and its bioactivity in tomato plant
Authors: Meena Mahendra , Saharan Vinod , Meena K. K. , Singh Balraj , Pilania Shalini , Gupta N. K. , Pal Ajay , Garhwal O. P. , Sharma Y. K. , Singh Uadal , Bagri Rajesh , Sharma M. K. , Sharma Rachna , Jakhar B. L. , Chandel Piyush , Prajapati Damyanti , Mondal Kinjal , Mahala Mital , Bairwa D. K. , Meena Madhu Bai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe use of novel active ingredients for the functional modification of chitosan nanoformulations has attracted global attention. In this study, chitosan has been functionalized via histidine to craft novel chitosan–histidine nanoformulation (C–H NF) using ionic gelation method. C–H NF exhibited elite physico-biochemical properties, influencing physiological and biochemical dynamics in Tomato. These elite properties include homogenous-sized nanoparticles (314.4 nm), lower PDI (0.218), viscosity (1.43 Cps), higher zeta potential (11.2 mV), nanoparticle concentration/ml (3.53 × 108), conductivity (0.046 mS/cm), encapsulation efficiency (53%), loading capacity (24%) and yield (32.17%). FTIR spectroscopy revealed histidine interaction with C–H NF, while SEM and TEM exposed its porous structure. Application of C–H NF to Tomato seedling and potted plants through seed treatment and foliar spray positively impacts growth parameters, antioxidant-defense enzyme activities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and chlorophyll and nitrogen content. We claim that the histidine-functionalized chitosan nanoformulation enhances physico-biochemical properties, highlighting its potential to elevate biochemical and physiological processes of Tomato plant.
Virtual resonance: analyzing IPA usage intensity under COVID-19's isolating canopy
Authors: Jo Hyeon , Baek Eun-Mi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe widespread adoption of smartphones coupled with advancements in artificial intelligence has significantly propelled the use of intelligent personal assistants (IPAs). These digital assistants have become indispensable for many users, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing coviance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and analyzing data from 260 participants, this study explores the key factors influencing IPA usage intensity. Contrary to expectations, affective risk perception showed no significant impact on either IPA usage or parasocial interaction during the pandemic. In stark contrast, cabin fever syndrome significantly influenced both IPA usage and parasocial interaction, underscoring the role of environmental and psychological stressors in shaping technology use. Furthermore, loneliness was found to significantly enhance parasocial interaction with IPAs, though it did not affect usage intensity. The findings highlight a substantial connection between parasocial interaction and IPA usage intensity, suggesting that users who engage in human-like interactions with IPAs tend to use them more extensively. These insights not only deepen our understanding of how IPAs are utilized during health crises but also point to potential directions for developing IPAs that are more responsive to users' emotional and social needs.