bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Judging Empire: Courts And Culture in Rome's Eastern Provinces
Authors: Bryen Ari Z. 
Published: September 2012

In the middle of the second century CE, the satirist Lucian of Samosata (c. CE 125–180) composed a text known as theBis Accusatus(“Twice Accused”) in which he describes a day of judgment. It begins with Zeus complaining to Hermes about the onerous nature of running the universe:In the first place, I have to supervise the work of the other gods who have responsibilities under my regime, to make sure they don't slack in their duties. Then I have a million tasks to perform myself, scarcely manageable because of their complexity. It's not as though I simply have the major administrative tasks to perform, I mean managing and organizing the weather—rain, hail, wind, and lightning—before I can simply sit down and take a break from my assigned worries. I've got to do all this and keep a watch in all directions and supervise everything as though I were that herdsman at Nemea: people stealing, people perjuring themselves, people sacrificing. Has someone made a libation? Where's the sacrificial smell and smoke coming from? Who has called for me in sickness or at sea? But the most onerous task of all is being in so many places at the same time: Olympia for a hecatomb, Babylon for a battle, with the Getae to hail, with the Ethiopians to feast…Take an example. We're so damned busy, we've got an enormous backlog of old lawsuits not dealt with. They've been stacked there so long, they've fallen apart with mildew and they're covered in spider's webs. I'm thinking in particular about the ones taken out against certain individuals associated with the intellectual arts and crafts. Some of them are absolutely ancient. The litigants themselves are bawling on every side, grinding their teeth, calling for justice and accusing me of tardiness. What they don't realize is that it's not through contempt that these decisions have passed their sell by date. It's because of the state of bliss that they think we live in. That's the name they give to our complete lack of spare time.
Compiling finite domain constraints to SAT withBEE
Authors: METODI AMIT , CODISH MICHAEL 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe presentBEE, a compiler which enables to encode finite domain constraint problems to CNF. UsingBEEboth eases the encoding process for the user and also performs transformations to simplify constraints and optimize their encoding to CNF. These optimizations are based primarily on equi-propagation and on partial evaluation, and also on the idea that a given constraint may have various possible CNF encodings. Often, the better encoding choice is made after constraint simplification.BEEis written in Prolog and integrates directly with a SAT solver through a suitable Prolog interface. We demonstrate that constraint simplification is often highly beneficial when solving hard finite domain constraint problems. ABEEimplementation is available with this paper.
Earthquake recurrence models fail when earthquakes fail to reset the stress field
Authors: Tormann T. , Wiemer S. , Hardebeck J. L. 
Published: September 2012

Parkfield's regularly occurring M6 mainshocks, about every 25 years, have over two decades stoked seismologists' hopes to successfully predict an earthquake of significant size. However, with the longest known inter‐event time of 38 years, the latest M6 in the series (28 Sep 2004) did not conform to any of the applied forecast models, questioning once more the predictability of earthquakes in general. Our study investigates the spatial pattern of b‐values along the Parkfield segment through the seismic cycle and documents a stably stressed structure. The forecasted rate of M6 earthquakes based on Parkfield's microseismicity b‐values corresponds well to observed rates. We interpret the observed b‐value stability in terms of the evolution of the stress field in that area: the M6 Parkfield earthquakes do not fully unload the stress on the fault, explaining why time recurrent models fail. We present the 1989 M6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake as counter example, which did release a significant portion of the stress along its fault segment and yields a substantial change in b‐values.
Observation of a gamma‐ray flash at ground level in association with a cloud‐to‐ground lightning return stroke
Authors: Dwyer J. R. , Schaal M. M. , Cramer E. , Arabshahi S. , Liu N. , Rassoul H. K. , Hill J. D. , Jordan D. M. , Uman M. A. 
Published: September 2012

Terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs) are bright, sub‐millisecond bursts of gamma‐rays, originating within the Earth's atmosphere. Most TGFs have been detected by spacecraft in low‐Earth orbit. Only two TGFs have previously been observed from within our atmosphere: one at ground level and one from an aircraft at 14.1 km. We report on a new TGF‐like gamma‐ray flash observed at ground level, detected by the 19‐station Thunderstorm Energetic Radiation Array (TERA) at the University of Florida/Florida Tech International Center for Lightning Research and Testing (ICLRT). The gamma‐ray flash, which had a duration of 52.7 μs, occurred on June 30, 2009 during a natural negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning return stroke, 191 μs after the start of the stroke. This event is the first definitive association of a gamma‐ray flash with natural CG lightning and is among the most direct links to a specific lightning process so far. For this event, 19 gamma‐rays were recorded, with the highest energy exceeding 20 MeV. The high‐energy radiation exhibited very different behavior from the typical x‐ray emission from lightning. Specifically, the gamma‐ray flash had a much harder energy spectrum, consistent with relativistic runaway electron avalanche (RREA) multiplication; it did not arrive in sub‐microsecond bursts, typical of leader emission from lightning, and it occurred well after the start of the return stroke, which has not been previously observed for the x‐ray emission from lightning. Nevertheless, we present evidence that the source region for the gamma ray flash was the same as that for the preceding leader x‐ray bursts.
Seismic structure in central Mexico: Implications for fragmentation of the subducted Cocos plate
Authors: Dougherty Sara L. , Clayton Robert W. , Helmberger Don V. 
Published: September 2012

The fine‐scale seismic structure of the central Mexico subduction zone is studied using moderate‐sized (M4‐6) intraslab earthquakes. Regional waveforms from the Mapping the Rivera Subduction Zone (MARS) seismic array are complicated and contain detailed information about the subduction zone structure, including evidence of lateral heterogeneity. This waveform information is used to model the structure of the subducted plates, particularly along the transition from flat to normal subduction, where recent studies have shown evidence for possible slab tearing along the eastern projection of the Orozco Fracture Zone (OFZ). The lateral extent of a thin ultra‐slow velocity layer (USL) imaged atop the Cocos slab in recent studies along the Meso America Subduction Experiment array is examined here using MARS waveforms. We find an edge to this USL which is coincident with the western boundary of the projected OFZ region. Forward modeling of the 2D structure of the subducted Rivera and Cocos plates using a finite difference algorithm provides constraints on the velocity and geometry of each slab's seismic structure in this region and confirms the location of the USL edge. We propose that the Cocos slab is currently fragmenting into a North Cocos plate and a South Cocos plate along the projection of the OFZ, in agreement with observations of variable Cocos plate motion on either side of the OFZ. This tearing event may be a young analogy to the 10 Ma Rivera‐Cocos plate boundary, and may be related to the slab rollback in central Mexico.
Climate variability and phytoplankton composition in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Rousseaux Cecile S. , Gregg Watson W. 
Published: September 2012

The effect of climate variability on the phytoplankton community was assessed for the tropical and sub‐tropical Pacific Ocean between 1998 and 2007 using an established biogeochemical assimilation model. The tropical and sub‐tropical phytoplankton communities exhibited a wide range of responses to climate variability, from radical shifts in the Equatorial Pacific, to changes of only a couple of phytoplankton groups in the North Central Pacific, to no significant changes in the South Pacific. In the Equatorial Pacific, climate variability represented by ENSO dominated the variability of phytoplankton. Here, nitrate, chlorophyll and all of the 4 phytoplankton types (diatoms, cyanobacteria, chlorophytes and coccolithophores) were strongly correlated (p < 0.05) with the Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index (MEI). During La Niña events, diatoms increased and expanded westward along the cold tongue (correlation with MEI, r = −0.87, p < 0.05), while cyanobacteria concentrations decreased significantly (r = 0.69, p < 0.05). El Niño produced the reverse pattern, with cyanobacteria populations increasing while diatoms plummeted. In the North Central Pacific, the MEI was significantly correlated with diatoms (r = −0.40) and chlorophytes (r = −0.43). Ocean biology in the South Pacific was not significantly correlated with MEI. The phytoplankton composition from the assimilation model was compared to that from a new empirical algorithm using satellite data. Despite differences in the absolute concentration, the relative abundance from the model and the satellite‐derived approach showed a similar shift in phytoplankton community in the Equatorial Pacific. These results highlight the spatially variable nature of the relationship between phytoplankton community structure and climate variability within the Pacific Ocean.
Sensitization of ultra-long-range excited-state electron transfer by energy transfer in a polymerized film
Authors: Ito Akitaka , Stewart David J. , Fang Zhen , Brennaman M. Kyle , Meyer Thomas J. 
Published: September 2012

Distance-dependent energy transfer occurs from the Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer (MLCT) excited stateto an anthracene-acrylate derivative (Acr-An) incorporated into the polymer network of a semirigid poly(ethyleneglycol)dimethacrylate monolith. Following excitation,to Acr-An triplet energy transfer occurs followed by long-range, Acr-3An—Acr-An → Acr-An—Acr-3An, energy migration. With methyl viologen dication (MV2+) added as a trap, Acr-3An + MV2+ → Acr-An+ + MV+electron transfer results in sensitized electron transfer quenching over a distance of approximately 90 Å.
The management of knowledge resources in SMEs: an Australian case study
Authors: Coyte Rodney , Ricceri Federica , Guthrie James 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe paper's aim is to examine processes used to control the management of knowledge resources in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and to compare the findings with the underlying assumptions and prescriptions of intellectual capital guidelines designed for SMEs.Design/methodology/approachAn in‐depth case study of a successful Australian SME is conducted to identify the means used to control strategizing and the management of knowledge resources.FindingsIt was found that informal, intensive dialogue based processes, structured by an overriding management philosophy, governed strategization and the management of knowledge resources. These governance processes were affected by a combination of formal and informal controls and serendipitous outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper examines only one organization and the study can be extended to other SMEs to develop more detailed specific policy recommendations.Practical implicationsIntellectual capital management guidelines developed for SMEs may have little benefit due to assumptions of resource availability and the fundamental importance of formalization of strategy and control, ignoring possible scarcity of resources and the benefits of flexibility and responsiveness afforded by informal controls in SMEs. The research shows that knowledge harvesting is affected through the way knowledge is used rather than what is developed.Originality/valueThe paper empirically examines the management of knowledge resources in an Australian SME and outlines the way formal and informal controls were interwoven in organizational practices to manage knowledge harvesting. It provides a critique of intellectual capital guidelines in SMEs, highlighting a potential mis‐match between practice and key assumptions underlying the guidelines.
Well‐being through design: transferability of design concepts for healthcare environments to ordinary community settings
Authors: Boex Will , Boex Sam 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe paper aims to explore current interest in the concept of well‐being, and to trace, with examples, the growing use of design ideas in healthcare settings to reduce stress and maximise efficiency. Finally, it seeks to look at the relevance or transferability of such design principles and approaches to opportunities to enhance well‐being through design in community settings.Design/methodology/approachThe potential in this approach is illustrated with some examples of design approaches applied in healthcare, teasing out the wider implications with ways to explore and arrange the patient journey, for example, or the “care pathway” for a vulnerable adult into a care or support service for maximum benefit.FindingsThinking on enhancing well‐being by design has been further advanced in applications in the health service, but a number of design concepts and approaches seem to promise similar benefits in community settings where issues in managing the health and well‐being of vulnerable individuals are equally relevant.Originality/valueDesign principles may be especially useful in current efforts towards creating dementia‐friendly homes and communities, or “psychologically informed environments” in services for marginalized and excluded individuals.
A new germline VHL gene mutation in three patients with apparently sporadic pheochromocytoma
Authors: D'Elia Angela V. , Grimaldi Franco , Pizzolitto Stefano , De Maglio Giovanna , Bregant Elisa , Passon Nadia , Franzoni Alessandra , Verrienti Antonella , Tamburrano Giulia , Durante Cosimo , Filetti Sebastiano , Fogolari Federico , Russo Diego , Damante Giuseppe 
Published: September 2012

SummaryContextGermline mutations in four genes (RET, VHL, SDHB and SDHD) are detected in about 17% of patients with apparently sporadic pheochromocytoma. Thus, genetic screening of all patients with this disease is suggested for a rational diagnostic approach and management.ObjectiveTo report the clinical, biochemical and genetic analysis of three unrelated patients affected by pheochromocytoma.Design and patientsAll the coding regions and exon–intron boundaries of RET, VHL, SDHB and SDHD genes were sequenced in three unrelated patients with intra‐adrenal pheochromocytoma: a 17‐year‐old girl, a 15‐year‐old boy and a 73‐year‐old man. The family history of all three cases was negative for von Hippel–Lindau lesions or other types of endocrine tumours. Structural modelling of the VHL protein was then performed.ResultsWe identified a novel germline VHL gene point mutation, a G to A nucleotide substitution in exon 3, leading to an aspartate to asparagine amino acid change in codon 197 (D197N). No mutations were found in RET, SDHB and SDHD genes. Structural modelling of the VHL protein suggests that the D197N mutation could have a functional role.ConclusionsOur study expands the number of VHL gene known mutations and indicates the usefulness of performing the genetic analysis in all patients with apparently sporadic pheochromocytoma.
Contrasting influence of flow regime on freshwater fishes displaying diadromous and nondiadromous life histories
Authors: Crow Shannan K. , Booker Doug J. , Snelder Ton H. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFlow variability structures freshwater fish community traits and life‐history patterns such as migration patterns between fresh and saltwater (diadromy). Few studies, however, have explored relationships between diadromy and flow regime while accounting for other abiotic covariables. The present paper used canonical ordinations to remove the shared variation between groups of explanatory variables that explain variation in fish communities and examine two objectives with New Zealand fishes: (i) to compare the unique contributions of Hydrological Regime, Climate, Habitat and Spatial‐Seasonal data sets to the variation of diadromous and nondiadromous fishes and (ii) to compare the relative contributions of a Hydrological Variability and Low‐Flow data set to community structure of both life‐history patterns. All explanatory variables explained a total of 20.15% and 29.58% of the variation in diadromous and nondiadromous fishes, respectively. Objective 1 analyses showed that the largest unique component of variation was explained by Hydrological Regime for nondiadromous fishes (12.17%), while Climate uniquely explained the most variation in diadromous fishes (4.3%), followed closely by Hydrological Regime (3.08%). Objective 2 analyses showed that Hydrological Variability uniquely explained five and 11 times more variation than the Low‐Flow data set in diadromous and nondiadromous fishes, respectively. Findings illustrate the importance of hydrological regime to New Zealand freshwater fishes. Specifically, aspects of hydrological variability uniquely account for more variation than aspects of low flow. Differing relative influences of hydrology between life‐history patterns suggest that diadromy may mediate the influence of flow regime. Results outline difficulties for environmental flow settings when biota display differing life histories.
The role of time preference in smoking cessation: a longitudinal analysis of data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia survey, 2001–08
Authors: Brown Heather , Adams Jean 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimsTime preference describes how consideration of future events may affect present‐day behavioural decisions. The aim was to establish whether time preference predicts smoking cessation in a longitudinal analysis.DesignSecondary analysis of data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia survey.SettingAustralian community.ParticipantsMembers of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia survey panel, aged 15–64 years, who responded to at least four waves of data collection between 2001 and 2008, and reported any level of tobacco consumption at any wave.MeasurementsSmoking cessation was measured using a self‐report questionnaire. Time preference was measured using self‐reported time‐period for financial planning. A range of socio‐demographic and smoking‐related covariates were controlled for.FindingsA total of 1817 individuals were included in the analysis, representing 7913 separate observations. After controlling for socio‐demographic and smoking‐related covariates, the hazard ratio of quitting in those with longer versus shorter‐term time preference (95% confidence intervals) = 1.28 (1.02–1.59).ConclusionsAdult smokers with a longer‐term time preference, who are more likely to consider future events when making present‐day decisions, are more likely to quit smoking.
A comparison of intra‐operative blood loss and acid–base balance between vasopressor and inotrope strategy during living donor liver transplantation: a randomised, controlled study
Authors: Hong S. H. , Park C. S. , Jung H. S. , Choi H. , Lee S. R. , Lee J. , Choi J. H. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryAdministration of vasopressors or inotropes during liver transplant surgery is almost universal, as this procedure is often accompanied by massive haemorrhage, acid–base imbalance, and cardiovascular instability. However, the actual agents that should be used and the choice between a vasopressor and an inotrope strategy are not clear from existing published evidence. In this prospective, randomised, controlled and single‐blinded study, we compared the effects of a vasopressor strategy on intra‐operative blood loss and acid–base status with those of an inotrope strategy during living donor liver transplantation. Seventy‐six adult liver recipients with decompensated cirrhosis were randomly assigned to receive a continuous infusion of either phenylephrine at a dose of 0.3–0.4 μg.kg−1.min−1 or dopamine and/or dobutamine at 2–8 μg.kg−1.min−1 during surgery. Vascular resistance was higher over time in the phenylephrine group than in the dopamine/dobutamine group. Estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the phenylephrine group than in the dopamine/dobutamine group (mean (SD) 4.5 (1.8) l vs 6.1 (3.4) l, respectively, p = 0.011). Patients in the phenylephrine group had lower lactate levels in the late pre‐anhepatic and the early anhepatic phase and needed less bicarbonate administration than those in the dopamine/dobutamine group (median (IQR [range]) 40 (0–100 [0–160]) mEq vs 70 (40–163 [0–260]) mEq, respectively, p = 0.018). Postoperative clinical outcomes and laboratory‐measured hepatic and renal function did not differ between the groups. Increased vascular resistance and reduction of portal blood flow by intra‐operative phenylephrine infusion is assumed to decrease the amount of intra‐operative bleeding and thereby ameliorate the progression of lactic acidosis during liver transplant surgery.
Health supervision of young women during pregnancy and early motherhood: A Norwegian qualitative study
Authors: Fredriksen Anne Mari , Lyberg Anne , Severinsson Elisabeth 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study describes and interprets midwives' and public health nurses' perceptions of their experiences of caring for young women during pregnancy and early motherhood. A number of studies suggest that teenage pregnancy is associated with many adverse psychological, physical, social, and financial outcomes. Multistage focus group interviews were conducted with six professionals, and a qualitative content analysis was performed. The result of this descriptive and explorative study comprised one main theme, creating a trusting and committed relationship to support immature young women, characterized by two themes: searching for security and love in daily life and active involvement with “the children of their hearts”. In summary, in order to support the young women, the informants used modeling as a strategy to achieve self‐esteem, thus helping them to cope with daily life. Continuity of team supervision should be improved to enhance midwives' and public health nurses' professional roles.
Syntaxin 1 is required for DCC/Netrin‐1‐dependent chemoattraction of migrating neurons from the lower rhombic lip
Authors: Cotrufo Tiziana , Andrés Rosa María , Ros Oriol , Pérez‐Brangulí Francesc , Muhaisen Ashraf , Fuschini Giulia , Martínez Ramón , Pascual Marta , Comella Joan X. , Soriano Eduardo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDirected cell migration and axonal guidance are essential steps in neural development that share many molecular mechanisms. The guidance of developing axons and migrating neurons is likely to depend on the precise control of plasmalemma turnover in selected regions of leading edges and growth cones, respectively. Previous results provided evidence of a signaling mechanism that couples chemotropic deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC)/Netrin‐1 axonal guidance and exocytosis through Syntaxin1(Sytx1)/TI‐VAMP SNARE proteins. Here we studied whether Netrin‐1‐dependent neuronal migration relies on a similar SNARE mechanism. We show that migrating neurons in the lower rhombic lip (LRL) express several SNARE proteins, and that DCC co‐associates with Sytx1 and TI‐VAMP in these cells. We also demonstrate that cleavage of Sytx1 by botulinum toxin C1 (BoNT/C1) abolishes Netrin‐1‐dependent chemoattraction of migrating neurons, and that interference of Sytx1 functions with shRNAs or Sytx1‐dominant negatives disrupts Netrin‐1‐dependent chemoattraction of LRL neurons. These findings indicate that a Sytx1/DCC interaction is required for Netrin‐1 guidance of migrating neurons, thereby highlighting a relationship between guidance signaling and SNARE proteins that regulate membrane turnover.