bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance to persuasion in an anti‐consumption context: Biased assimilation of positive product information
Authors: Dursun İnci , Tümer Kabadayi Ebru 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the role of biased assimilation processes as cognitive defense mechanisms facilitating resistance to counter‐attitudinal persuasive messages. Research is conducted in an anti‐consumption context, focusing on consumers with negative attitudes toward frozen food products. It is proposed that effective use of biased assimilation in the case of exposure to counter‐attitudinal persuasive messages depends upon the strengths of both initial attitude and counter‐attitudinal message. The results of experimental processes confirm the critical roles of initial attitude strength and persuasive message strength in terms of triggering and/or hindering biased assimilation processes. The results further indicate that, when exposed to a positive message, anti‐loyal consumers exert higher levels of biased assimilation than consumers with moderate negative attitudes. In addition, with stronger message arguments, effective use of biased assimilation decreases substantially. The results also indicate a robust negative effect of biased assimilation on attitude change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preventing Symptom Progression in Women at Risk for AN: Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Ohlmer Ricarda , Jacobi Corinna , Taylor Craig Barr 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveDespite the need, no targeted (indicated) prevention programs for women at risk for anorexia nervosa (AN) or with restrictive eating and normal body weight are available. Therefore, our aim was to develop a prevention program specific for these risk groups and to assess its feasibility and effectiveness in a pilot study.MethodsThirty‐six women selected by high weight and shape concerns, low BMI and/or high restrained eating participated in a 10‐week Internet‐based cognitive‐behavioural prevention program for AN.ResultsFeasibility, adherence and acceptance were assessed at post‐intervention; symptoms of disordered eating and associated psychopathology were assessed at pre‐intervention, post‐intervention, and at 6‐month follow‐up. The 32 women who finished the study completed 88% of the sessions. Satisfaction with the program was also high. AN‐specific eating and associated psychopathology improved significantly and differentially in the three weight‐related subgroups.ConclusionsOverall, the results of this pilot study are promising. The efficacy of this indicated preventive intervention should be tested in a larger randomized controlled trial. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Chitosan–plasmid DNA nanoparticles encoding small hairpin RNA targeting MMP‐3 and ‐13 to inhibit the expression of dedifferentiation related genes in expanded chondrocytes
Authors: Zhao Jingxin , Fan Xiangli , Zhang Qiang , Sun Fangfei , Li Xiaojian , Xiong Chuan , Zhang Chunli , Fan Hongbin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOverexpression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3 and ‐13 can lead to the dedifferentiation of expanded chondrocytes. After implanting dedifferentiated cells for cartilage defect repair, graft failure may occur. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) is a powerful genetic tool to reduce the expression of target genes. This study investigated the effects of chitosan–plasmid DNA (pDNA) nanoparticles encoding shRNA targeting MMP‐3 and ‐13 on the dedifferentiation of expanded chondrocytes. The objective was to optimize the parameters of chitosan–pDNA formulation for achieving higher efficiency of pDNA delivery and gene silencing. The chitosan–pDNA nanoparticles were prepared using a complex coacervation process. Then the characteristics including size, shape, stability, and transfection efficiency were compared in different groups. The results indicated that chitosan of 800 kDa at N/P ratio of 4 and pH 7.0 was optimal to prepare chitosan–pDNA nanoparticles. These nanoparticles showed high DNA loading efficiency (95.8 ± 1.5%) and high gene transfection efficiency (24.5 ± 1.6%). After the expanded chondrocytes were transfected by chitosan–pDNA nanoparticles, MMP‐3‐610 and MMP‐13‐2024 groups showed greater suppression in mRNA and protein levels. The results indicated that chitosan–pDNA nanoparticles encoding shRNA targeting MMP‐3 and ‐13 had great potential in silencing the dedifferentiation‐related genes for regenerating prolonged and endurable cartilage. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 373–380, 2014.
Carbonation reaction of (Ca, Mg)O protective layer on plasma display panel
Authors: Motoyama Yasushi , Kato Daisuke , Saito Nobuo , Seki Masahiko 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have been applying a low discharge voltage (Ca, Mg)O protective layer to plasma display panels to reduce their power consumption. However, (Ca, Mg)O is highly reactive with CO2, and the resulting carbonate formation during high‐temperature panel sealing in air impairs the low discharge voltage characteristic. We investigated the mechanism of the carbonation reaction that occurs on a (Ca, Mg)O surface during annealing in air at 450°C and found that the CO2 diffuses through the formed CaCO3 layer and that a (Ca, Mg)O + CO2 → CaCO3 + MgO reaction then occurs. This carbonation reaction evidently stops when the growing MgO finally forms a layer at all boundaries between the CaCO3 and (Ca, Mg)O regions.
Modulation of Double‐Stranded RNA‐Activated Protein Kinase in Insulin Sensitive Tissues of Obese Humans
Authors: Carvalho Bruno M. , Oliveira Alexandre G. , Ueno Mirian , Araújo Tiago G. , Guadagnini Dioze , Carvalho‐Filho Marco A. , Geloneze Bruno , Lima Marcelo M.O. , Pareja Jose C. , Carvalheira Jose B.C. , Saad Mario J.A. 
Published: March 2013

Objective: The double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase (PKR) was recently implicated in regulating molecular integration of nutrient‐ and pathogen‐sensing pathways in obese mice. However, its modulation in human tissues in situations of insulin resistance has not been investigated. The present study was performed to first determine the tissue expression and phosphorylation levels of PKR in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue in obese humans, and also the modulation of this protein in the adipose tissue of obese patients after bariatric surgery.Design and Methods: Eleven obese subjects who were scheduled to undergo Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass Procedure participated in this study. Nine apparently healthy lean subjects as a control group were also included.Results: Our data show that PKR is activated in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of obese humans and, after bariatric surgery, there is a clear reduction in PKR activation accompanied by a decrease in protein kinase‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, inhibitor of kappa β kinase, and insulin receptor substrate‐1 serine 312 phosphorylation in subcutaneous adipose tissue from these patients.Conclusion: Thus, it is proposed that PKR is an important mediator of obesity‐induced insulin resistance and a potential target for the therapy.
Robotic surgical technology is here to stay and evolve
Authors: Ahmed Kamran , Abboudi Hamid , Guru Khurshid A. , Khan Mohammed Shamim , Dasgupta Prokar 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe authors outline the evidence that robotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery has equivalent or better outcomes compared with laparoscopic or open surgery. With reduced hospital stay, faster recovery, reduction in blood product use and equivalent quality‐of‐life measures to laparoscopic techniques, this modern age of surgical technology is here to stay. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Extremal horizons with reduced symmetry: hyperscaling violation, stripes, and a classification for the homogeneous case
Authors: Iizuka Norihiro , Kachru Shamit , Kundu Nilay , Narayan Prithvi , Sircar Nilanjan , Trivedi Sandip P. , Wang Huajia 
Published: March 2013

AbstractClassifying the zero-temperature ground states of quantum field theories with finite charge density is a very interesting problem. Via holography, this problem is mapped to the classification of extremal charged black brane geometries with anti-de Sitter asymptotics. In a recent paper [1], we proposed a Bianchi classification of the extremal near-horizon geometries in five dimensions, in the case where they are homogeneous but, in general, anisotropic. Here, we extend our study in two directions: we show that Bianchi attractors can lead to new phases, and generalize the classification of homogeneous phases in a way suggested by holography. In the first direction, we show that hyperscaling violation can naturally be incorporated into the Bianchi horizons. We also find analytical examples of “striped” horizons. In the second direction, we propose a more complete classification of homogeneous horizon geometries where the natural mathematics involves real four-algebras with three dimensional sub-algebras. This gives rise to a richer set of possible near-horizon geometries, where the holographic radial direction is non-trivially intertwined with field theory spatial coordinates. We find examples of several of the new types in systems consisting of reasonably simple matter sectors coupled to gravity, while arguing that others are forbidden by the Null Energy Condition. Extremal horizons in four dimensions governed by three-algebras or four-algebras are also discussed.
Free Health Care for Under 5 Year Olds Increases Access to Surgical Care in Sierra Leone: An Analysis of Case Load and Patient Characteristics
Authors: Groen Reinou S. , Kamara Thaim B. , Nwomeh Benedict C. , Daoh Kisito S. , Kushner Adam L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn April 2010 Sierra Leone launched a nationwide program that provides free health care to all pregnant and lactating women and children under 5 years old. This study evaluates the effect that the free health‐care program had on pediatric surgical activities of Connaught Hospital.MethodsThe study period was defined as the 20 months before and after April 27, 2010, the start date of the free health‐care program. Data on age, gender, diagnosis, and procedure for patients under 5 years of age and the total number of operations were collected from the Connaught Hospital operating room logbook.ResultsThe number of operations on children under 5 increased by 500 %, from 42 to 210 cases. This increase was significantly larger than the 17 % increase of 1,393–1,630 seen with operations for patients 5 years and older (p < 0·01).ConclusionThe decision by the Sierra Leone President to institute a program of free health care for children under 5 has resulted in an increased number of pediatric surgical cases at Connaught Hospital. Efforts should be undertaken to provide additional supplies and equipment and to develop training programs for surgeons and support staff to care for the children in need of surgical care.
Bystander behavior in bullying situations: Basic moral sensitivity, moral disengagement and defender self‐efficacy
Authors: Thornberg Robert , Jungert Tomas 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to investigate how basic moral sensitivity in bullying, moral disengagement in bullying and defender self‐efficacy were related to different bystander behaviors in bullying. Therefore, we examined pathways that linked students' basic moral sensitivity, moral disengagement, and defender self‐efficacy to different bystander behaviors in bullying situations. Three hundred and forty‐seven teenagers completed a bullying survey. Findings indicated that compared with boys, girls expressed higher basic moral sensitivity in bullying, lower defender self‐efficacy and moral disengagement in bullying. Results from the SEM showed that basic moral sensitivity in bullying was negatively related to pro‐bully behavior and positively related to outsider and defender behavior, mediated by moral disengagement in bullying, which in turn was positively related to pro‐bully behavior and negatively related to outsider and defender behavior. What differed in the relations between outsider and defender behaviors was the degree of defender self‐efficacy.
True umbilical cord knot and obstetric outcome
Authors: Räisänen Sari , Georgiadis Leena , Harju Maija , Keski‐Nisula Leea , Heinonen Seppo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo identify risk factors for true umbilical cord knot and to evaluate its association with fetal death, premature birth, low birth weight, small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants, low Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes, fetal venous pH of 7.15 or lower, and need for neonatal intensive care in singleton pregnancies.MethodsThe total population of women who delivered at Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland, between January 2000 and August 2012 was reviewed. Risk factors for umbilical cord knot and its association with adverse pregnancy outcome were evaluated separately among women with and without true cord knot via logistic regression analysis.ResultsOverall, 340 (1.2%) of 27 537 singleton pregnancies were affected by umbilical cord knot, with increased incidence associated with advanced maternal age, multiparity, previous spontaneous abortion, polyhydramnios, and diabetes mellitus. Umbilical cord knot was associated with a 1.58‐, 8.08‐, 3.90‐, 3.17‐, 1.67‐, and 2.00‐fold increased risk of neonatal intensive care, fetal death, premature birth, SGA infants, and low Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively.ConclusionTrue umbilical cord knot is relatively common and is associated with increased incidence of SGA infants, premature birth, need for neonatal intensive care, and fetal death.
Flecainide reduces ventricular arrhythmias via a mechanism that differs from that of β‐blockers in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Dochi Kenichi , Watanabe Hiroshi , Kawamura Mihoko , Miyamoto Akashi , Ozawa Tomoya , Nakazawa Yuko , Ashihara Takashi , Ohno Seiko , Hayashi Hideki , Ito Makoto , Sakazaki Hisanori , Kawata Hiro , Ushinohama Hiroya , Kaszynski Richard H. , Minamino Tohru , Sumitomo Naokata , Shimizu Wataru , Horie Minoru 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundCatecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome characterized by episodic ventricular tachycardia induced by adrenergic stress. Although β‐blockers are used as first‐line therapy, their therapeutic effects are largely incomplete. Flecainide has recently been shown to modify the molecular defects in CPVT. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of flecainide as an add‐on to conventional therapy on exercise‐induced ventricular arrhythmia and compare them with those of conventional therapy alone.MethodsThe study included 5 CPVT patients with a mutation in RYR2. They experienced episodic arrhythmic events despite conventional β‐blocker therapy and were therefore given flecainide in addition. The effects of the addition of flecainide therapy on ventricular arrhythmia during exercise testing were compared with those of conventional therapy alone.ResultsBoth β‐blockers alone and with additional flecainide increased the maximal workload attained at the onset of ventricular arrhythmia; however, only flecainide increased the sinus rate at the onset of ventricular arrhythmias. Furthermore, flecainide increased the exercise capacity by preventing exercise‐induced arrhythmias. During a follow‐up period of 17±2 months, 1 patient experienced recurrent arrhythmic episodes that were associated with noncompliance. All patients reported improvements in their ability to perform the activities of daily living.ConclusionFlecainide effectively reduced ventricular arrhythmias via a mechanism that differs from that of β‐blockers in genotype‐positive patients with CPVT. The specific effects of flecainide may be critical in the improvement noted in the patients' ability to perform daily activities.
‘Just a Quack Who Can Cure Cancer’: John Braund, and Regulating Cancer Treatment in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: DAWES LAURA L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn 1948 the New South Wales government instituted an inquiry into the claims of John Braund – a 78-year-old self-described ‘quack’ – that his secret treatment had cured 317 cancer sufferers. The ‘Braund controversy’, as it became known, was one of Australia’s most prominent cases of medical fraud. This paper examines that controversy and its effects on cancer philanthropy, medical research, and especially on legislation regulating treatment providers up to the present. With the Braund controversy in mind, the New South Wales (NSW) parliament struggled to develop legislation that would protect patients and punish quacks but also allow for serendipitous, unorthodox discoveries. Recent decades saw new elements added to this calculus – allowing a wide-ranging health marketplace, and allowing patients to choose their therapies. This paper argues that the particular body of law legislatures used in regulating cancer treatment and how regulations were framed reflected the changing context of healthcare and illustrates the calculus legislatures have undertaken in regulating the health marketplace, variously factoring in public safety, serendipitous discovery, the authority of orthodox medicine, patient choice, and economic opportunity.
A defect relation for meromorphic maps on generalized p-parabolic manifolds intersecting hypersurfaces in complex projective algebraic varieties
Authors: Han Qi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe establish a defect relation for algebraically non-degenerate meromorphic maps over generalized p-parabolic manifolds that intersect hypersurfaces in smooth projective algebraic varieties, extending certain results of H. Cartan, L. Ahlfors, W. Stoll, M. Ru, P. M. Wong and Philip P. W. Wong and others.
Inversion of Colombeau generalized functions
Authors: Erlacher Evelina 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe introduce different notions of invertibility for generalized functions in the sense of Colombeau. Several necessary conditions for (left, right) invertibility are derived, giving rise to the concepts of compactly asymptotic injectivity and surjectivity. We analyse the extent to which these properties are also sufficient to guarantee the existence of a (left, right) inverse of a generalized function. Finally, we establish several Inverse Function Theorems in this setting and study the relation to their classical counterparts.
Geology, petrology and tectonomagmatic evolution of the plutonic crustal rocks of the Sabzevar ophiolite, NE Iran
Authors: JAFARI MORTEZA KHALATBARI , BABAIE HASSAN A. , MIRZAIE MOJTABA 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe plutonic crustal sequence exposed northeast of Sabzevar is part of the ophiolitic belt of Sabzevar that occurs along the northern margin of the Central Iran micro-continent. The sequence includes olivine and pyroxene gabbro with cumulate characteristics, isotropic gabbro, foliated gabbro and a diabase sheeted dyke complex cut by wehrlite and olivine websterite intrusions, and pegmatite gabbro and plagiogranite as small intrusions and dykes. The sequence is comparable to gabbros in known ophiolite complexes. Microscopic studies show an abundance of the mesocumulate and heteradcumulate textures that represent open system magma chambers, which are common in supra-subduction zones. The olivine → plagioclase → clinopyroxene → ± orthopyroxene → amphibole trend of mineralization in the gabbros, similar to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), and olivine → clinopyroxene → ± orthopyroxene → plagioclase → amphibole, similar to arc rocks, indicate the diversity in the formation of these rocks, and represent petrographic evidence of their formation in a supra-subduction zone. The rocks have calc-alkaline to tholeiitic affinities, and niobium depletion in the spider diagrams of diabase that matches the patterns of island arc magma. These patterns, and the light rare earth element enrichment of the diabase and plagiogranite, suggest the effect and introduction of the fluids, originating from the subducting slab, beneath the mantle wedge. The low titanium compositions, matching those of arc diabase and plagiogranite, plot in the island arc to MORB tectonomagmatic fields, and suggest formation of the Sabzevar ophiolitic plutonic crustal sequence in a supra-subduction zone during Late Cretaceous time.
A Novel Sample Preparation Method That Enables Nucleic Acid Analysis from Ultrathin Sections
Authors: Klink Vincent P. , Thibaudeau Giselle , Altig Ronald 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe ability to isolate and perform nucleic acid analyses of individual cells is critical to studying the development of various cell types and structures. We present a novel biological sample preparation method developed for laser capture microdissection-assisted nucleic acid analysis of ultrathin cell/tissue sections. We used cells of the mitotic bed of the tadpole teeth of Lithobates sphenocephalus (Southern Leopard Frog). Cells from the mitotic beds at the base of the developing teeth series were isolated and embedded in the methacrylate resin, Technovit® 9100®. Intact cells of the mitotic beds were thin sectioned and examined by bright-field and transmission electron microscopy. The cytological and ultrastructural anatomy of the immature and progressively more mature tooth primordia appeared well preserved and intact. A developmental series of tooth primordia were isolated by laser capture microdissection (LCM). Processing of these cells for RNA showed that intact RNA could be isolated. The study demonstrates that Technovit® 9100® can be used as an embedding medium for extremely small tissues and from individual cells, a prerequisite step to LCM and nucleic acid analyses. A relatively small amount of sample material was needed for the analysis, which makes this technique ideal for cell-specific analyses when the desired cells are limited in quantity.
Solar desalination for sustainable brackish water management in arid land agriculture
Authors: Ghermandi Andrea , Messalem Rami , Offenbach Rivka , Cohen Shabtai 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn agricultural facility aimed at sustainable production of crops in arid environments was built and tested in Hatzeva, Israel. The facility relies on solar-powered desalination with nanofiltration membranes to treat the local brackish water (EC=2.32 dS m−1) and produce high-quality irrigation water (EC=0.71 dS m−1). Red beet, a salt-tolerant crop, was grown with the concentrate stream (EC=4.73 dS m−1), eliminating the need for concentrate disposal and with potential net economic benefits. Agricultural experiments with variable irrigation water quality, application rate, and four staple crops (potato, maize, millet and sorghum) were conducted over two growing seasons between September 2010 and June 2011. The desalination plant operated at low pressure (4.3 bar) and energy consumption (1.37 kWh m−3) and with little maintenance over the entire study period. The results of the agricultural experiments consistently showed that irrigation with desalinated water promoted more efficient use of resources such as water and inorganic fertilizers. A reduction of 25% in the irrigation rate and use of fertilizers compared with best-practice guidelines was achieved with desalinated water, with no detectable detrimental effect on the marketable yield. On the contrary, a statistically significant yield increase was observed for sorghum (+10%). An increase in water productivity with desalinated water was observed for all four staple crops.