bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological restorations: Option of reincarnation for severely mutilated teeth
Authors: Wadhwani Kulvinder Kaur , Hasija Mukesh , Meena Babita , Wadhwa Deepti , Yadav Rakesh 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective: Esthetic and functional rehabilitation of severely mutilated fractured central incisors teeth using homogenous biological fragment bonding. Materials and Methods: Freshly extracted maxillary central incisors were treated endodontically and post spaces were prepared. Intra-radicular biological post core were fabricated from the sectioned roots of extracted canines. Cementation of biological post core in prepared space was done after clinical and radiological confirmation. Subsequent esthetic rehabilitation was done using adaptation of biological crown which was prepared from morphologically similar extracted maxillary central incisor. Results: The association between biological crowns and post core offers excellent esthetic, functional, and psychosocial results, which justifies the use of this technique to achieve the morphofunctional recovery of extensively damaged teeth. Conclusion: The biological restorations are an alternative technique for reconstruction of extensively damaged teeth that provides highly functional and esthetic outcomes.
Orthodontic treatment in an endodontically treated maxillary incisors
Authors: Tanaka Orlando Motohiro , Filho Jorge César Borges Leão , Vitral Robert Willer Farinazzo , Bósio José A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of orthodontic movement on non-vital teeth, illustrated with a clinical case. A review of the literature shows it is controversial as to whether or not orthodontic forces can be initiated and sustained without the resorptive process occurring. Induced resorption during tooth movement depends on multiple factors, which require the close attention of the dentist to ensure an accurate diagnosis and correct mechanotherapy with respect to the periodontium. The orthodontic treatment described here was performed on a woman 36 years of age with endodontically treated teeth. This case demonstrated that the biomechanics follow biological principles and thus prevent deleterious effects on the components of the periodontium and the bone and maintains the integrity of the root length.
Nonmyofilament‐associated troponin T3 nuclear and nucleolar localization sequence and leucine zipper domain mediate muscle cell apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Tan , Birbrair Alexander , Delbono Osvaldo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTroponin T (TnT) plays a major role in striated muscle contraction. We recently demonstrated that the fast skeletal muscle TnT3 isoform is localized in the muscle nucleus, and either its full‐length or COOH‐terminus leads to muscle cell apoptosis. Here, we further explored the mechanism by which it enters the nucleus and promotes cytotoxicity. Amino acid truncation and substitution showed that its COOH‐terminus contains a dominant nuclear/nucleolar localization sequence (KLKRQK) and the basic lysine and arginine residues might play an important role in the nuclear retention and nucleolar enrichment of KLKRQK‐DsRed fusion proteins. Deleting this domain or substituting lysine and arginine residues (KLAAQK) resulted in a dramatic loss of TnT3 nuclear and nucleolar localization. In contrast, the GATAKGKVGGRWK domain‐DsRed construct localized exclusively in the cytoplasm, indicating that a nuclear exporting sequence is possibly localized in this region. Additionally, we identified a classical DNA‐binding leucine zipper domain (LZD) which is conserved among TnT isoforms and species. Deletion of LZD or KLKRQK sequence significantly reduced cell apoptosis compared to full‐length TnT3. We conclude that TnT3 contains both a nuclear localization signal and a DNA‐binding domain, which may mediate nuclear/nucleolar signaling and muscle cell apoptosis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Pax1EGFP: New wildtype and mutant EGFP mouse lines for molecular and fate mapping studies
Authors: Sivakamasundari V. , Kraus Petra , Jie Song , Lufkin Thomas 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe Paired box gene 1 (Pax1) transcription factor plays essential roles in the development of axial skeleton, scapula, pelvic girdle, and thymus. Delineating its pleiotropic and molecular roles in the various tissues requires the ability to track and isolate the Pax1‐expressing cells for downstream high‐throughput experiments such as microarray and RNA‐sequencing. With these applications in mind, we have generated two new mouse lines—a Pax1 wildtype (WT) mouse line that co‐expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) with functional Pax1, and a Pax1 knockout mouse line which expresses EGFP under the control of Pax1 promoter, using the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and 2A‐peptide multi‐cistron concatenating strategies. These mouse lines facilitate the isolation and enrichment of Pax1‐specific cells from Pax1‐positive and Pax1‐null embryos using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). They can be also be used in parallel to investigate the stage‐ and tissue‐specific molecular functions of Pax1. genesis 51:420–429. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effortful retrieval reduces hippocampal activity and impairs incidental encoding
Authors: Reas Emilie T. , Brewer James B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFunctional imaging studies frequently report that the hippocampus is engaged by successful episodic memory retrieval. However, considering that concurrent encoding of the background environment occurs during retrieval and influences medial temporal lobe activity, it is plausible that hippocampal encoding functions are reduced with increased attentional engagement during effortful retrieval. Expanding upon evidence that retrieval efforts suppress activity in hippocampal regions implicated in encoding, this study examines the influence of retrieval effort on encoding performance and the interactive effects of encoding and retrieval on hippocampal and neocortical activity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted while subjects performed a word recognition task with incidental picture encoding. Both lower memory strength and increased search duration were associated with encoding failure and reduced hippocampal and default network activity. Activity in the anterior hippocampus tracked encoding, which was more strongly deactivated when incidental encoding was unsuccessful. These findings highlight potential contributions from background encoding processes to hippocampal activations during neuroimaging studies of episodic memory retrieval. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histology of “placoderm” dermal skeletons: Implications for the nature of the ancestral gnathostome
Authors: Giles Sam , Rücklin Martin , Donoghue Philip C.J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe vertebrate dermal skeleton has long been interpreted to have evolved from a primitive condition exemplified by chondrichthyans. However, chondrichthyans and osteichthyans evolved from an ancestral gnathostome stem‐lineage in which the dermal skeleton was more extensively developed. To elucidate the histology and skeletal structure of the gnathostome crown‐ancestor we conducted a histological survey of the diversity of the dermal skeleton among the placoderms, a diverse clade or grade of early jawed vertebrates. The dermal skeleton of all placoderms is composed largely of a cancellar architecture of cellular dermal bone, surmounted by dermal tubercles in the most ancestral clades, including antiarchs. Acanthothoracids retain an ancestral condition for the dermal skeleton, and we record its secondary reduction in antiarchs. We also find that mechanisms for remodeling bone and facilitating different growth rates between adjoining plates are widespread throughout the placoderms. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cuttlefish skin papilla morphology suggests a muscular hydrostatic function for rapid changeability
Authors: Allen Justine J. , Bell George R. R. , Kuzirian Alan M. , Hanlon Roger T. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractColeoid cephalopods adaptively change their body patterns (color, contrast, locomotion, posture, and texture) for camouflage and signaling. Benthic octopuses and cuttlefish possess the capability, unique in the animal kingdom, to dramatically and quickly change their skin from smooth and flat to rugose and three‐dimensional. The organs responsible for this physical change are the skin papillae, whose biomechanics have not been investigated. In this study, small dorsal papillae from cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) were preserved in their retracted or extended state, and examined with a variety of histological techniques including brightfield, confocal, and scanning electron microscopy. Analyses revealed that papillae are composed of an extensive network of dermal erector muscles, some of which are arranged in concentric rings while others extend across each papilla's diameter. Like cephalopod arms, tentacles, and suckers, skin papillae appear to function as muscular hydrostats. The collective action of dermal erector muscles provides both movement and structural support in the absence of rigid supporting elements. Specifically, concentric circular dermal erector muscles near the papilla's base contract and push the overlying tissue upward and away from the mantle surface, while horizontally arranged dermal erector muscles pull the papilla's perimeter toward its center and determine its shape. Each papilla has a white tip, which is produced by structural light reflectors (leucophores and iridophores) that lie between the papilla's muscular core and the skin layer that contains the pigmented chromatophores. In extended papillae, the connective tissue layer appeared thinner above the papilla's apex than in surrounding areas. This result suggests that papilla extension might create tension in the overlying connective tissue and chromatophore layers, storing energy for elastic retraction. Numerous, thin subepidermal muscles form a meshwork between the chromatophore layer and the epidermis and putatively provide active papillary retraction. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantum topology phase diagrams for molecules, clusters, and solids
Authors: Jenkins Samantha 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe need to make more quantitative use of the total electronic charge density distribution is demonstrated in this short perspective. This is framed in the perspective of the ground breaking early work of Bader and coworkers, along with mathematicians who captured the essential nature of a molecule in a suitably compact form in real space. We see that this simple form is the Poincaré–Hopf relation for molecules and clusters and the Euler–Hopf relation in solids. Thom's theory of elementary catastrophes combined with the Poincaré–Hopf relation provides the inspiration for the new quantum topology. An alternative use of the Poincaré–Hopf relation, molecular recognition, is discussed. Quantum topology is then used to create a topology phase diagram for both molecules and solids. The author adds their perspectives of the huge potential of the quantum topology approach by demonstrating the ease with which new theoretical ideas can be generated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MSSM electroweak baryogenesis and LHC data
Authors: Carena M. , Nardini G. , Quirós M. , Wagner C.E.M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractElectroweak baryogenesis is an attractive scenario for the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe as its realization depends on the presence at the weak scale of new particles which may be searched for at high energy colliders. In the MSSM it may only be realized in the presence of light stops, and with moderate or small mixing between the left- and right-handed components. Consistency with the observed Higgs mass around 125 GeV demands the heavier stop mass to be much larger than the weak scale. Moreover the lighter stop leads to an increase of the gluon-gluon fusion Higgs production cross section which seems to be in contradiction with indications from current LHC data. We show that this tension may be considerably relaxed in the presence of a light neutralino with a mass lower than about 60 GeV, satisfying all present experimental constraints. In such a case the Higgs may have a significant invisible decay width and the stop decays through a three or four body decay channel, including a bottom quark and the lightest neutralino in the final state. All these properties make this scenario testable at a high luminosity LHC.
Soil organic matter dynamics: a biological perspective derived from the use of compound‐specific isotopes studies
Authors: Gleixner Gerd 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCurrent attempts to explain the persistence of carbon in soils focuses on explanations such as the recalcitrant plant residues and the physical isolation of substrates from decomposers. A pool of organic matter that can persist for centuries to millennia is hypothesized because of the evidence provided by the persistence of pre‐disturbance C in fallow or vegetation change experiments, and the radiocarbon age of soil carbon. However, new information, which became available through advances in the ability to measure the isotope signatures of specific compounds, favors a new picture of organic matter dynamics. Instead of persistence of plant‐derived residues like lignin in the soil, the majority of mineral soil is in molecules derived from microbial synthesis. Carbon recycled multiple times through the microbial community can be old, decoupling the radiocarbon age of C atoms from the chemical or biological lability of the molecules they comprise. In consequence is soil microbiology, a major control on soil carbon dynamics, which highlights the potential vulnerability of soil organic matter to changing environmental conditions. Moreover, it emphasizes the need to devise new management options to restore, increase, and secure this valuable resource.
Possible ideas on carbon and nitrogen trophic fractionation of food chains: a new aspect of food‐chain stable isotope analysis in Lake Biwa, Lake Baikal, and the Mongolian grasslands
Authors: Wada Eitaro , Ishii Reiichiro , Aita Maki Noguchi , Ogawa Nanako O. , Kohzu Ayato , Hyodo Fujio , Yamada Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTrophic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen isotopes (Δδ13C, Δδ15N) was examined using previously complied databases for food chains in Lake Biwa, Lake Baikal, and Mongolian grassland. The following two features were clarified: (1) For each ecosystem, the ratios of trophic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen isotopes (Δδ15N/Δδ13C) throughout food chain could be obtained as the slope of linear regression line on the δ15N–δ13C plot. (2) Further, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed the slopes on δ15N–δ13C were not significantly different among these various ecosystems and allowed us to have the regression by setting δ15N as the response variable: δ15N = 1.61 δ13C + [ecosystem specific constant] with standard errors of [±0.41] and [±9.7] for the slope and the intercept, respectively. It was suggested that the slope of the regression (or the ratio Δδ15N/Δδ13C) could be applicable to more complicated food webs in case nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios of primary producers can be assumed constant in space and time within the ecosystems. The results from simple linear regression analyses coincided well with the ANCOVA results for these ecosystems, although there was some discrepancy between the results of the two statistical analyses. Possible factors that govern the linear relationship between δ15N and δ13C along a food chain are discussed together with a new scope for the stable isotope food chain analyses.
Hausstaubmilbenallergie
Authors: Carrard  , Pichler E. 
Published: February 2013

Hausstaubmilben sind kleine Spinnentiere, die weltweit vom gemäßigten bis zum tropischen Klima gefunden werden. Proteine, alle mit enzymatischen Eigenschaften, aus dem Gastrointestinaltrakt und folglich im Hausstaubmilbenkot sind Auslöser von allergischen Erkrankungen, die aufgrund einer kontinuierlichen Exposition von geringen Allergenmengen meist chronisch verlaufen. Klinisch äußert sich dies mit einem schleichenden Krankheitsbeginn: eine chronisch verstopfte Nase und - zu Beginn typischerweise - einem Anstrengungsasthma, das sich bei längerer Dauer verstärkt. Bei Vorliegen einer atopischen Dermatitis kann es auch nach Milbenkontakt zu einer Verstärkung der Dermatitis kommen. Die Anzahl an Hausstaubmilben und die Menge an Milbenallergen hängt von der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit ab, wobei eine Luftfeuchtigkeit von > 50 %, wie es in sehr gut isolierten Häusern oder durch das Klima per se vorkommt, zu einem guten Gedeihen der Hausstaubmilben führt. Nahrungsquelle der Hausstaubmilben sind Hautschuppen, die ubiquitär in Polstermöbeln, Matratzen und Teppichen vorkommen. Die chronischen, recht unspezifischen und oft allergenunabhängigen Beschwerden verzögern oft die Diagnostik, welche durch eine ausgedehnte Allergieabklärung z. B. mittels Hauttestung erfolgt. Die Therapie besteht in erster Linie aus topischen Kortikosteroiden. Trotz widersprüchlicher Daten und Metaanalysen in der Literatur zur Hausstaubsanierung scheint das allgemein eher trockene Klima im Winter in der Schweiz eine Hausstaubsanierung in den Wohnungen zu begünstigen und wird deshalb auch empfohlen. Eine weitere Therapieoption ist die Durchführung einer spezifischen Immuntherapie mit gutem Erfolg bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. Verbesserungen der Diagnostik und Immuntherapie sind durch Einsatz der rekombinanten Allergene zu erwarten.
Diagnostik und Therapie des malignen Pleuramesothelioms - von der Palliationzur kurativen Intention
Authors: Opitz  , Weder  
Published: February 2013

Die Inzidenz des malignen Pleuramesotheliom steigt weiterhin weltweit. Die Behandlung ist eine klinische Herausforderung, denn Patienten sterben ohne Behandlung in kurzer Zeit nach Diagnosestellung. Während der Nutzen der Chemotherapie bei fortgeschrittener Erkrankung etabliert ist, sind andere Aspekte der Behandlung noch immer umstritten, vor allem in Bezug auf das Resektionsausmaß bei einer Operation und die Anwendung einer Strahlentherapie. Aktuell werden die besten Überlebensraten von multimodalen Behandlungskonzepten berichtet, die eine Chemotherapie, Operation und allfällige Radiotherapie beinhaltet. Aber nicht alle Patienten profitieren von so einer Behandlung, weshalb aktuelle Bemühungen sich darauf konzentrieren, das Staging System zu verbessern. Ergebnisse translationaler Studien sollen verlässliche prädiktive und prognostische Marker hervorbringen. Trotz steigendem Wissen über die Tumorbiologie und der Tatsache, dass viele neue Stoffe verschiedene Stufen der Entwicklung erreicht haben, hat sich die Anzahl der neuen Behandlungen, welche für Patienten zugelassen wurden, nicht erhöht. Da das Mesotheliom eine seltene Erkrankung darstellt, ist die Patientenzahl in Studien limitiert. Hier stellen innovative Versuchsanordnungen (wie multi-arm multi-stage Versuche) unter Nutzung kooperativer Plattformen den besten Weg in die Zukunft dar, um weniger effektive Behandlungen zu eliminieren.
Neuroonkologie - neue Therapiestrategien
Authors: Hofer  
Published: February 2013

Die jährliche Inzidenz der häufigsten primären Hirntumoren, der Gliome, beträgt 5-6 /100'000 (www.cbtrus.org). In der Schweiz werden etwa 500 Neuerkrankungen bei Erwachsenen pro Jahr diagnostiziert. Etablierte Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung von Gliomen sind frühere Exposition mit ionisierenden Strahlen und selten eine genetische Prädisposition (i.R. von familiären Tumorsyndromen). Ein Risiko durch den Gebrauch von mobilen Telefonen wird zwar vermutet, ist aber bislang noch nicht durch epidemiologische Langzeitunter­suchungen bewiesen. Die Prognose und Therapieindikationen richten sich weitgehend nach klinischen Faktoren wie Alter und Performance Status des Patienten. Die Primärtherapie von Glioblastomen (GBM, WHO-Grad IV) ist international standardisiert und beinhaltet größtmögliche Resektion, postoperative Radiotherapie des Teilhirns mit konkomitierender Chemotherapie (Temozolomid über 6 Wochen) gefolgt von Temozolomid über 6 Monate. Glioblastome rezidivieren immer innerhalb weniger Monate bis Jahre. Zur Behandlung eines Rezidivs stehen dem Patienten verschiedene individuelle Therapieoptionen zur Verfügung. Je nach Lage und Größe kann sich ein Rezidiv für eine zweite Resektion, für eine stereotaktische Re-Bestrahlung oder für eine Zweitlinienchemotherapie und/oder für die Behandlung mit einer Angiogenesehemmung eignen. Gliome sind diffus infiltrierende Krankheiten des Gehirns und daher von Anfang an nicht kurativ behandelbar, das mittlere Überleben liegt für GBM bei 15 Monaten. Bei Patienten über 70 Jahren und einem guten Allgemeinzustand ist nach der Stratifizierung für den Methylierungsstatus des MGMT Promoter Gens eine alleinige Radiotherapie oder bei methyliertem MGMT Status eine alleinige Chemotherapie als Erstlinientherapie gerechtfertigt. Anaplastische Gliome (WHO-Grad III) können postoperativ mit Radiotherapie oder Chemotherapie behandelt werden und beim Auftreten eines Rezidives mit der entsprechend anderen Modalität. Falls ein WHO-Grad III-Gliom aber eine 1p,19q Co-Deletion aufweist, sollte die Primärtherapie nach neuesten Erkenntnissen immer eine Chemo- und Radiotherapie beinhalten. Das mittlere Überleben variiert je nach prognostischen Faktoren von 3 bis > 7 Jahren. Für WHO-Grad II-Gliomen gibt es bislang keine standardisierte Therapie. Neben einer primären "wait and see" Strategie, stehen bei Tumorprogress die Chemotherapie oder die Radiotherapie zur Verfügung. Die Studienresultate der EORTC Studie (22033/26033), welche die beiden Therapieoptionen in der Erstlinientherapie prüft, stehen noch aus.
Körperwahrnehmungstherapie bei Adipositas
Authors: Wiesmann-Fiscalini Silvia 
Published: February 2013

Achtsame Körperwahrnehmung hat sich in der klinischen Praxis als effektives Therapiemodul in der Behandlung von Adipositas und problematischen Ess­verhaltensmustern erwiesen. Die Schulung wertfreier Aufmerksamkeit bezüglich sensorischen Empfindungen, Gefühlen und Gedanken eröffnet innere Flexibilität und Handlungsspielraum im Umgang mit (Ess-)Verhaltensmustern.
Common femoral artery intima-media thickness as marker for cardiovascular disease in asymptomatic adults
Authors: Giannoukas  , Antoniou  , Saleptsis  , Baros  , Griffin  , Nicolaides  
Published: February 2013

Background: The common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is considered as a marker of cardiovascular disease, while the value of the common femoral IMT is not well defined. The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of common femoral IMT alone or in combination with the common carotid IMT as a marker of cardiovascular disease in asymptomatic adults. Patients and Methods: Eighty-three individuals with no history of cardiovascular disease were subjected to IMT measurement of both common carotid and common femoral arteries with high-resolution ultrasonography. The Framingham Heart Study (FHS) risk score was calculated for each subject (according to gender) and was correlated with the carotid IMT, femoral IMT, and the combined IMT measured at both arterial sites. Results: The carotid and femoral IMT separately and in combination were found to be correlated with the FHS risk score, calculated based on either the total cholesterol or low density lipoprotein plasma levels (carotid IMT: r = 0.28, p = 0.035, and r = 0.35, p = 0.007, respectively, femoral IMT: r = 0.38, p = 0.003, and r = 0.43, p = 0.001, respectively, carotid-femoral IMT: r = 0.37, p = 0.005, and r = 0.46, p = 0.0001, respectively). In addition, femoral IMT was found to be correlated with the carotid IMT (r = 0.41, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Common carotid and common femoral IMT showed similar correlation with the FHS risk score. Additionally, the combination of IMT from both arterial sites was found to have similar correlation with the FHS risk score to carotid IMT alone.