bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home ownership and fall‐related outcomes among older adults in South Korea
Authors: Do Young Kyung , Kim Cheong‐Seok 
Published: December 2012

AimMany of the previously identified environmental risk factors for fall‐related outcomes (e.g. flooring, stairs and steps, kitchen, and bathrooms) are amenable to change, but the extent of the changes on these home‐related risk factors are conditional on home ownership of the elderly. This study aims to test whether lack of home ownership is associated with a higher risk of falls, and a higher likelihood of reporting fear of falling and activity limitations due to fear of falling among older adults in South Korea.MethodsUsing data from the first two waves (2006 and 2008) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, the associations between home ownership variables and three fall‐related outcomes were examined in two regression models. A logistic regression model of any falls in the past 2 years was estimated to examine whether older adults living in short‐term rental homes based on monthly rent have an increased risk of falls. A probit model accounting for sample selection was estimated to examine whether the two related outcomes, fear of falling and limiting activities due to fear of falling, are associated with home ownership status.ResultsCompared with owned home, short‐term rental home predicted a higher likelihood of incident of falls and activity limitation due to fear of falling.ConclusionsThe study findings suggest that the lack of home ownership with unstable housing tenure is an important risk factor for fall‐related outcomes among older adults in South Korea. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 867–873
Therapeutic factor VIII does not trigger TLR1.2 and TLR2.6 signalling in vitro
Authors: Teyssandier M. , André S. , Gupta N. , Dasgupta S. , Bayry J. , Kaveri S. V. , Lacroix‐Desmazes S. ,   The ABIRISK consortium
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe administration of therapeutic factor VIII (FVIII) to patients with haemophilia A induces the development of inhibitory anti‐FVIII IgG in a substantial number of patients. For an antigen‐specific immune response to develop, antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) need to mature and procure appropriate co‐stimulatory signals to T cells at the time of presentation of the endocytosed antigen. The nature of the danger signals that induce APC maturation, thus initiating the anti‐FVIII immune response, are yet ill‐characterized. Contradictory reports on a direct effect of therapeutic FVIII on APC maturation have been released. Here, we investigated whether FVIII directly triggers Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) signalling. The capacity of human recombinant FVIII to promote the maturation of a mouse bone marrow macrophage cell line (BMA) was investigated by flow cytometry. In parallel, the triggering of TLR1.2 or TLR2.6‐expressing HEK293 cells by FVIII was analysed following transfection of the cells with a reporter construct for NFκB activity. In contrast, to zymosan, a known TLR2 agonist, human recombinant FVIII did not induce the maturation of mouse BMA macrophages, as analysed by the levels of expression of CD80, CD86, CD40 and I‐Ab at the cell surface. Furthermore, incubation of FVIII with cells expressing TLR2 paired with TLR1 or TLR6, failed to activate NFκB, whereas NKκB activity was triggered in the presence of zymosan. Our results confirm that FVIII alone is insufficient to trigger the maturation of APCs that is required to initiate an immune response.
The prognostic impact of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigen abnormalities in salivary gland cancer. A clinicopathological study of 288 cases
Authors: Müller Maximilian , Agaimy Abbas , Zenk Johannes , Ettl Tobias , Iro Heinrich , Hartmann Arndt , Seliger Barbara , Schwarz Stephan 
Published: December 2012

AimsTo study abnormalities of proteins of the major histocompatibility complex class I in a series of 288 salivary gland carcinomas, and to correlate findings with patients’ overall survival (OS).Methods and resultsProtein expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐A, heavy chain (HC)‐10, β2‐microglobulin, low molecular weight polypeptides (LMP) 2 and 7, transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) 1 and 2, calnexin, calreticulin, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) p57 and tapasin was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and semiquantitatively analyzed. As compared with normal salivary gland tissue, HLA‐A, LMP7, TAP2 and HLA class I were significantly down‐regulated in salivary gland carcinomas, whereas β2‐microglobulin, calnexin, LMP2, and TAP1 were upregulated. Expression of calreticulin, ERp57 and tapasin was unaltered. In univariate Kaplan–Meier analyses, low expression of LMP7 (P = 0.005) and high expression of β2‐microglobulin (P = 0.028), HLA‐A (P < 0.001), TAP1 (P = 0.01), and tapasin (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with shorter OS. In multivariate analysis incorporating tumour stage, nodal/distant metastasis, and grade, HLA‐A (P = 0.014), LMP7 (P = 0.033), and tapasin (P = 0.024), as well as distant metastasis (P = 0.012) and high tumour grade (P < 0.001), remained statistically significant.ConclusionThe prognostic influence of up‐regulated HLA‐A and tapasin and down‐regulated LMP7 may provide a rationale for targeting these specific components of the antigen processing and presentation pathway in salivary gland carcinomas.
Changes in serum phosphate during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis: predictive significance of severity of acidosis on presentation
Authors: Shen T. , Braude S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractChanges in serum phosphate during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) treatment are not well characterised, although it is known that serum phosphate falls with treatment. We sought to define the nature of these changes and whether the severity of acidosis on admission influenced the severity of subsequent hypophosphataemia. We retrospectively reviewed data on all patients with confirmed DKA presenting to our unit between 2007 and 2010 inclusive. Forty‐three patients with 64 episodes of DKA were evaluated. At presentation, 62.5% of patient episodes were hyperphosphataemic. Initial serum phosphate in all patient episodes correlated significantly with the initial serum creatinine (r = 0.694, P < 0.01) and the initial blood glucose (r = 0.593, P < 0.01). Serum phosphate fell during the course of treatment in all episodes (mean absolute fall 1.28 ± 0.77 (SEM) mmol/L). The mean nadir phosphate was 0.58 ± 0.19 mmol/L. Ninety per cent of nadir phosphate levels were hypophosphataemic (<0.8 mmol/L), and 11% were severely hypophosphataemic (<0.32 mmol/L). Mean initial bicarbonate differed significantly between those with nadir phosphates <0.5 mmol/L (9.26 ± 4.55) and those with nadir phosphates >0.5 mmol/L (13.0 ± 4.59, P = 0.0031). Similar significant bicarbonate differences were noted between those with nadir phosphates less than and more than 0.32 mmol/L respectively (7.42 ± 2.44 and 12.2 ± 4.87, P < 0.01). The initial hyperphosphataemia is reflective of intravascular volume depletion and pre‐renal renal impairment. The severity of subsequent hypophosphataemia can be predicted by the degree of metabolic acidosis on presentation. As profound hypophosphataemia can be associated with serious complications, clinicians should recognise the likelihood of this biochemical derangement in those DKA patients presenting with profound acidosis.
Point prevalence of pressure ulcers in three second‐level hospitals in Mexico
Authors: Galván‐Martínez Iris L , Narro‐Llorente Roberto , Lezama‐de‐Luna Favio , Arredondo‐Sandoval Jesus , Fabian‐Victoriano Ma. Rosy , Garrido‐Espindola Ximena , Lozano‐Platonoff Adriana , Contreras‐Ruiz Jose 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPressure ulcers (PU) are the source of multiple complications and even death. To our knowledge, there is no available data about PU prevalence in Mexico. The objective of this study was to determine the point prevalence of PU in three second‐level hospitals in Mexico. Every adult hospitalised patient was included in each hospital. Age, gender, hospitalisation ward, Braden score, and the number, location and stage of the ulcers encountered were recorded, as well as any pressure relief measures. In total, 294 patients were examined (127 were male); of these, 63 were considered to be at risk. The average age was 48·6 years. The overall prevalence of the PU was 17%. The service with the highest prevalence was the ICU. The most frequent stage was II (32%) and they were most commonly found in the sacrum (74%). The average Braden score of the patients with ulcers was 10, and 21·4% of the patients obtained moderate‐ to high‐risk Braden scores. Of them, 60·3% had ulcers and only 46% had any preventive measures. The prevalence of PU in three hospitals in Mexico is 17%. The most common stage is II and the most commonly affected site is the sacrum. Only 46% of patients with PU had at least one pressure release measure.
Pollen wall development: the associated enzymes and metabolic pathways
Authors: Jiang J. , Zhang Z. , Cao J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPollen grains are surrounded by a sculpted wall, which protects male gametophytes from various environmental stresses and microbial attacks, and also facilitates pollination. Pollen wall development requires lipid and polysaccharide metabolism, and some key genes and proteins that participate in these processes have recently been identified. Here, we summarise the genes and describe their functions during pollen wall development via several metabolic pathways. A working model involving substances and catalytic enzyme reactions that occur during pollen development is also presented. This model provides information on the complete process of pollen wall development with respect to metabolic pathways.
Massive uprooting of Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. during a storm event and its relation to sediment and plant characteristics
Authors: Spierenburg P. , Lucassen E. C. H. E. T. , Pulido C. , Smolders A. J. P. , Roelofs J. G. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDuring spring storms massive uprooting of Littorella uniflora occurred in a shallow Dutch softwater lake. The aim of this study was to test whether changes in plant morphology and sediment characteristics could explain the observed phenomenon. Uprooting was expected to occur in plants having a high shoot biomass and low root to shoot ratio (R:S), growing on sediments with a high organic matter content. Normally, uprooting of the relative buoyant L. uniflora is prevented by an extensive root system, expressed as a high R:S. This was studied by sampling floating and still rooted L. uniflora plants, as well as sediment and sediment pore water, along a gradient of increasing sediment organic matter content. Increasing organic matter content was related to increasing L. uniflora shoot biomass and consequently decreasing R:S. Furthermore, the results indicated that uprooting indeed occurred in plants growing on very organic sediments and was related to a low R:S. The increased shoot biomass on more organic sediments could be related to increased sediment pore water total inorganic carbon (TIC; mainly CO2) availability. Additionally, increased phosphorus availability could also have played a role. The disappearance of L. uniflora might lead to higher nutrient availability in the sediments. It is suggested that this could eventually promote the expansion of faster‐growing macrophytes.
Urine catecholamine levels are not influenced by electroconvulsive therapy in depression or schizophrenia over the long term
Authors: Ito Masanobu , Hatta Kotaro , Usui Chie , Arai Heii 
Published: December 2012

AimChange in catecholamine seems to be associated with not only effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), but also adverse events associated withECT. Our aim in this study was to investigate whether or notECTinfluences the concentration of catecholamine over the long term. Patients with a major depressive episode or schizophrenia, diagnosed according toDSM‐IVcriteria, who were newly admitted toJuntendoUniversityHospital to receiveECT, were recruited.MethodsUrine was collected during the 24 h before the firstECTtreatment, during the 24 h after the firstECTtreatment, during the 24 h after the finalECTtreatment and during the 24 h 1 week after the finalECTtreatment. Heart rate, theHamiltonRatingScale for Depression and thePositive andNegativeSyndromeScale were assessed before and afterECT.ResultsTwenty‐four patients were included in the final sample, which consisted of 14 patients with major depressive episodes and 10 patients with schizophrenia. Abnormal electrocardiograms were indicated in four patients with depression during theECToperation but all recovered naturally. There were no significant differences in the levels of dopamine, adrenaline or noradrenaline the day before the firstECT, a day after the firstECT, a day after the finalECTand a week after the finalECT.ConclusionThese results suggest thatECTdoes not alter urine catecholamine levels afterECTover the long term. Further studies will be required to confirm these findings in a larger sample of patients.
Disturbances of motivational balance in chronic schizophrenia during decision‐making tasks
Authors: Kim Yang‐Tae , Sohn Hansem , Kim Seungyeon , Oh Jihoon , Peterson Bradley S. , Jeong Jaeseung 
Published: December 2012

AimThe role of feedback processing in decision‐making has been assessed in psychiatric patients using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Although impaired performance on the IGT has been documented extensively in schizophrenia patients, the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying the performance deficits have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the neuropsychological origins of impaired decision‐making in schizophrenia patients using various versions of the IGT.MethodsThirty chronic schizophrenia patients and 33 healthy subjects underwent computerized versions of the IGT, the Variant Gambling Task (VGT), and the Shuffled Gambling Task (SGT) to assess the contributions of motivational balance and reversal learning on IGT performance. In addition, performance on the Wisconsin Card‐Sorting Test (WCST) was assessed.ResultsThe schizophrenia patients exhibited deficits on the IGT and SGT, particularly in later trials. No significant group difference was detected on the VGT due to the improved performance of schizophrenia patients in the earlier trials. Performance on the gambling tasks in the schizophrenia group did not correlate with performance on the WCST or with the severity of clinical symptoms.ConclusionDeficits in motivational balance, but not reversal learning, play a dominant role in the impaired decision‐making of patients with schizophrenia.
Desmopressin accelerates the rate of urinary morphine excretion and attenuates withdrawal symptoms in rats
Authors: Saboory Ehsan , Ghazizadeh Vahid , Heshmatian Behnam , Khademansari Mohammad Hasan 
Published: December 2012

AimThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of desmopressin on morphine withdrawal symptoms and vasopressin level in morphine‐dependent subjects.MethodsWistar male rats were injected s.c. with morphine once per day for 5 consecutive days to induce morphine dependence. After morphine use ceased on day 5, an equal number of rats were assigned to one of four groups for either saline or desmopressin by either intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection. From days 5 to 10, urine was collected daily and tested for the presence of morphine, and withdrawal symptoms were monitored to assess the effects of desmopressin.ResultsSignificant weight loss occurred among all morphine‐addicted rats during the withdrawal period. With both methods (i.p. and i.c.v.), the period of urinary morphine excretion was shorter for the two groups that were given desmopressin (experimental groups) than the two groups that were not given desmopressin (control groups), and no significant difference in urinary morphine excretion was found between the two experimental groups. During the early stage of withdrawal, the severity of the withdrawal symptoms in the experimental groups was significantly lower than that in the control groups.ConclusionDesmopressin decreases the extent of morphine withdrawal symptoms, indicating that this agent might be appropriate for treating morphine addiction. Desmopressin appears to reduce withdrawal symptoms not by exerting an anti‐diuretic effect but rather by exerting an effect on the central nervous system.
Blunted neural response to rewards prospectively predicts depression in adolescent girls
Authors: Bress Jennifer N. , Foti Dan , Kotov Roman , Klein Daniel N. , Hajcak Greg 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe prevalence of depression increases substantially during adolescence. Several predictors of major depressive disorder have been established, but their predictive power is limited. In the current study, the feedback negativity (FN), an event‐related potential component elicited by feedback indicating monetary gain versus loss, was recorded in 68 never‐depressed adolescent girls. Over the following 2 years, 24% of participants developed a major depressive episode (MDE); illness onset was predicted by blunted FN at initial evaluation. Lower FN amplitude predicted more depressive symptoms during the follow‐up period, even after controlling for neuroticism and depressive symptoms at baseline. This is the first prospective study to demonstrate a link between a neural measure of reward sensitivity and the first onset of an MDE. The current results suggest that low reward sensitivity may be an important factor in the development of depression.
Land Use Classification from Lidar Data and Ortho‐Images in a Rural Area
Authors: Buján Sandra , González‐Ferreiro Eduardo , Reyes‐Bueno Fabián , Barreiro‐Fernández Laura , Crecente Rafael , Miranda David 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Obtaining information on the distribution of rural landscape types is an active research topic within Spanish rural studies. This paper presents a new hierarchical object‐based classification method for the automatic detection of various land use classes in a rural area, combining lidar data and aerial images. In view of the upcoming availability of low‐density lidar data (0·5 pulses/m2) for most of the territory of Spain, this paper assesses the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method for various lidar data densities. Such an assessment was conducted using two approaches: firstly, based on the final classification, which produced an overall accuracy over 96% and a kappa index above 0·95 for the combinations of the aerial image and lidar data‐sets with four different densities; and secondly, based solely on the areas classified as buildings. In the second approach, the accuracy of the classification for building detection at pixel and object level was assessed. The object‐oriented classification of buildings produced an index of correctness of over 99% and an index of completeness of about 95%. The results reveal a high agreement between classification and ground truth data.
Direct Exterior Orientation Determination for a Low‐Cost Heritage Recording System
Authors: Kirchhöfer Melanie K. , Chandler Jim H. , Wackrow Rene , Bryan Paul 
Published: December 2012

AbstractClose range photogrammetry has proved effective as a cost‐effective and easy‐to‐use method for cultural heritage recording. Off‐the‐shelf digital cameras can be used to rapidly acquire data at low cost, allowing non‐experts to become more involved in their local heritage, an important aspiration identified in this collaboration between English Heritage and Loughborough University. To achieve this while also allowing for measurements in a 3D national reference system, a recording system has been developed that is capable of deriving the exterior orientation during exposure directly and cheaply. The system comprises a digital camera, a small 3D orientation sensor and a GNSS antenna, assembled in a frame that allows calibration of the offsets between the components. Testfield data was used to investigate calibration precision and stability as well as achievable absolute and relative accuracy. The results of data analysis indicate that the system can meet the accuracy requirements for medium accuracy heritage recording, even with slightly unstable offset calibration values.
Resprouting Ability of Dry Forest Tree Species after Disturbance Does Not Relate to Propagation Possibility by Stem and Root Cuttings
Authors: Vieira Daniel L. M. , Coutinho André G. , da Rocha Gustavo P. E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTropical dry forest tree species are recognized for their high resprouting ability after disturbance. We tested whether species that commonly produce root and stem suckers can be propagated by large stem and root cuttings, a useful method for landscape restoration programs. We performed four experiments: (1) In a greenhouse, we tested the propagation of six species using large stem cuttings collected from early successional sites. We used the following treatments: (i) dry season collection and planting; (ii) dry season collection, storage in humid soil, and wet season planting; (iii) wet season collection and planting; and (iv) wet season collection and planting after treatment with commercial NAA auxin. (2) Stem cuttings of Myracrodruon urundeuva were planted in a pasture during the rainy season after either NAA, IBA, or no auxin treatment. (3) As a control experiment, we also planted cuttings of Spondias mombin, a species known for successfully regenerating from cuttings. (4) Root cuttings of six species were collected in recently plowed pastures and planted in the greenhouse with and without treatment with NAA auxin. No root cuttings rooted. Only M. urundeuva and Astronium fraxinifolium stem cuttings rooted. Maximum success was obtained for stem cuttings collected and planted in the dry season (23%). Only 13% of M. urundeuva had sprouted by the 15th month of the field experiment. As a result, large cuttings are not recommended for propagation of the studied species. Future studies should include development of suitable methods of root harvesting and prospection of traditional knowledge for species selection.
The Importance of Normalization References in Interpreting Life Cycle Assessment Results
Authors: Kim Junbeum , Yang Yi , Bae Junghan , Suh Sangwon 
Published: December 2012

SummaryA normalization step is widely exercised in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies in order to better understand the relative significance of impact category results. In the normalization stage, normalization references (NRs) are the characterized results of a reference system, typically a national or regional economy. Normalization is widely practiced in LCA‐based decision support and policy analysis (e.g., LCA cases in municipal solid waste treatment technologies, renewable energy technologies, and environmentally preferable purchasing programs, etc.). The compilation of NRs demands significant effort and time as well as an intimate knowledge of data availability and quality. Consequently only one set of published NRs is available for the United States, and has been adopted by various studies. In this study, the completeness of the previous NRs was evaluated and significant data gaps were identified. One of the reasons for the significant data gaps was that the toxic release inventory (TRI) data significantly underestimate the potential impact of toxic releases for some sectors. Also the previous NRs did not consider the soil emissions and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) runoffs to water and chemical emissions to soils. Filling in these data gaps increased the magnitude of NRs for “human health cancer,” “human health noncancer,” “ecotoxicity,” and “eutrophication” significantly. Such significant changes can alter or even reverse the outcome of an LCA study. We applied the previous and updated NRs to conventional gasoline and corn ethanol LCAs. The results demonstrate that NRs play a decisive role in the interpretation of LCA results that use a normalization step.