bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approche culturelle et civilisationniste de la classe de langue dans les sections de techniciens supérieurs
Authors: Barat Pascale , Houdebert Henri , Rebillon Monique 
Published: February 2014

En premier lieu, Henri Houdebert souligne que les documents authentiques utilisés comme support de l’enseignement de l’anglais en classes de BTS, sauf à n’être que techniques à 100 % (et encore), sont tous investis d’une charge culturelle variable qu’il importe de faire saisir à nos élèves pour leur permettre de dépasser le seuil de la seule compréhension littérale. Appliquant cette réflexion aux choix de documents adéquats, Monique Rébillon expose en deuxième lieu la démarche comparative adoptée avec succès pour une classe d’électrotechniciens. En troisième partie, Pascale Barat illustre le même propos central en détaillant l’utilisation féconde du point de vue culturel de documents aussi simples qu’une demande d’emploi ou un curriculum vitae. Seule une expression à visée culturelle bien maîtrisée permet de remotiver des étudiants peu enclins, a priori, à s’intéresser à la langue anglaise.
The impact of foreign R&D activities on the MNC’s performance at home: evidence from the case of Swiss manufacturing firms
Authors: Hamida Lamia Ben , Piscitello Lucia 
Published: February 2014

This paper examines the impact of the MNCs’ internationalisation of R&D activities on their performances/productivity at home. Specifically, using detailed firm-level data for Swiss manufacturing firms, we find that foreign R&D activity of Swiss MNCs is a valuable source of knowledge which improves their productivity performance at home, but only when firms invest in knowledge-seeking activities. Conversely, R&D activities conducted abroad with knowledge-exploiting purposes seem to weaken the MNC’s productivity at home.JEL codes : F23, O33, O40
Les enjeux de sécurité dans la relation gazière UE-Russie
Authors: Locatelli Catherine 
Published: February 2014

La sécurité gazière de l’Union européenne émerge depuis le début des années 2000 comme un élément clé de sa politique énergétique. Les relations contractuelles basées sur les contrats de long terme durant les années 1970 et 1980 ont produit une relative stabilité dans les échanges énergétiques entre l’UE et ses fournisseurs gaziers. Mais depuis le milieu des années 1990, le processus d’ouverture à la concurrence des industries gazières de l’UE ainsi que la volonté de créer un marché unique du gaz conduisent à des réorganisations en profondeur de ce secteur. Dans ce contexte, l’UE entend redéfinir la gestion de ses relations avec ses principaux fournisseurs en tentant d’imposer son « modèle » basé sur la concurrence, la dé-intégration des entreprises de réseau et la privatisation. Le « modèle de l’UE » n’est pas celui que la Russie tend à mettre en œuvre dans son secteur gazier en dépit d’importants changements. La logique basée sur l’utilisation privilégiée d’un instrument étatique s’oppose au multilatéralisme et aux principes concurrentiels de l’UE qui prônent l’ouverture, la dé-intégration voire la privatisation du secteur gazier. Le pouvoir normatif de l’UE se trouve ainsi en contradiction avec l’environnement institutionnel du secteur énergétique russe.
Choix technologiques des firmes et équilibres de consommation contestée
Authors: Piluso Nicolas 
Published: February 2014

Le présent article a pour objet de modéliser le problème d’entente entre producteurs et consommateurs que posent certains choix de technologie de production. Partant d’un modèle d’équilibre général en concurrence parfaite, nous montrons qu’il existe dans certaines configurations une asymétrie entre les consommateurs et les firmes. Il en résulte que l’économie ne peut atteindre spontanément l’optimum. Dans les cas de consommation « répugnante », le retour de l’optimum passe par la suppression du marché.
Distinct Conformations of the Chemokine Receptor CCR4 with Implications for Its Targeting in Allergy
Authors: Viney Jonathan M. , Andrew David P. , Phillips Rhian M. , Meiser Andrea , Patel Pallavi , Lennartz-Walker Melissa , Cousins David J. , Barton Nicholas P. , Hall David A. , Pease James E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is expressed by Th2 and regulatory T cells and directs their migration along gradients of the chemokines CCL17 and CCL22. Both chemokines and receptor are upregulated in allergic disease, making CCR4 a therapeutic target for the treatment of allergy. We set out to assess the mechanisms underlying a previous report that CCL22 is a dominant ligand of CCR4, which may have implications for its therapeutic targeting. Human T cells expressing endogenous CCR4 and transfectants engineered to express CCR4 were assessed for receptor function, using assays of calcium release, chemotaxis, receptor endocytosis, and ligand binding. Despite the two ligands having equal potency in calcium flux and chemotaxis assays, CCL22 showed dominance in both receptor endocytosis assays and heterologous competitive binding assays. Using two different CCR4-specific Abs, we showed that CCR4 exists in at least two distinct conformations, which are differentially activated by ligand. A major population is activated by both CCL17 and CCL22, whereas a minor population is activated only by CCL22. Mutation of a single C-terminal residue K310 within a putative CCR4 antagonist binding site ablated activation of CCR4 by CCL17, but not by CCL22, despite having no effect on the binding of either ligand. We conclude that CCL17 and CCL22 are conformationally selective ligands of CCR4 and interact with the receptor by substantially different mechanisms. This finding suggests that the selective blockade of CCR4 in allergy may be feasible when one CCR4 ligand dominates, allowing the inhibition of Th2 signaling via one ligand while sparing regulatory T cell recruitment via another.
Mutational and Structural Analysis of KIR3DL1 Reveals a Lineage-Defining Allotypic Dimorphism That Impacts Both HLA and Peptide Sensitivity
Authors: O’Connor Geraldine M. , Vivian Julian P. , Widjaja Jacqueline M. , Bridgeman John S. , Gostick Emma , Lafont Bernard A. P. , Anderson Stephen K. , Price David A. , Brooks Andrew G. , Rossjohn Jamie , McVicar Daniel W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractKiller Ig-like receptors (KIRs) control the activation of human NK cells via interactions with peptide-laden HLAs. KIR3DL1 is a highly polymorphic inhibitory receptor that recognizes a diverse array of HLA molecules expressing the Bw4 epitope, a group with multiple polymorphisms incorporating variants within the Bw4 motif. Genetic studies suggest that KIR3DL1 variation has functional significance in several disease states, including HIV infection. However, owing to differences across KIR3DL1 allotypes, HLA-Bw4, and associated peptides, the mechanistic link with biological outcome remains unclear. In this study, we elucidated the impact of KIR3DL1 polymorphism on peptide-laden HLA recognition. Mutational analysis revealed that KIR residues involved in water-mediated contacts with the HLA-presented peptide influence peptide binding specificity. In particular, residue 282 (glutamate) in the D2 domain underpins the lack of tolerance of negatively charged C-terminal peptide residues. Allotypic KIR3DL1 variants, defined by neighboring residue 283, displayed differential sensitivities to HLA-bound peptide, including the variable HLA-B*57:01–restricted HIV-1 Gag-derived epitope TW10. Residue 283, which has undergone positive selection during the evolution of human KIRs, also played a central role in Bw4 subtype recognition by KIR3DL1. Collectively, our findings uncover a common molecular regulator that controls HLA and peptide discrimination without participating directly in peptide-laden HLA interactions. Furthermore, they provide insight into the mechanics of interaction and generate simple, easily assessed criteria for the definition of KIR3DL1 functional groupings that will be relevant in many clinical applications, including bone marrow transplantation.
Antibiogram of Salmonella Isolates from Blood with an Emphasis on Nalidixic Acid and Chloramphenicol Susceptibility in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Coastal Karnataka: A Prospective Study
Authors: Shetty Anup Kumar , Shetty Ichlampady Nagaraj , Furtado Zevita Venisha , Antony Beena , Boloor Rekha 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Background: Enteric fever is caused by the serotypes Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Paratyphi B and Salmonella Paratyphi C. After emergence of multidrug resistant Salmonellae Ciprofloxacin, a fluorquinolone antibiotic was the first-line therapy. Treatment failure was observed with Ciprofloxacin soon and such strains showed in-vitro resistance to Nalidixic acid. Recent reports suggest re-emergence of Chloramphenicol sensitive strains and increasing Nalidixic acid resistance. This study is aimed at detecting the current trend in the antibiogram of Salmonella isolates from blood culture in coastal Karnataka, with an emphasis on antibiotic susceptibility of Nalidixic acid and Chloramphenicol and evaluate, if there is a need to modify the strategies in the antibiotic therapy for enteric fever.
Materials and Methods: Blood samples received for culture in the laboratory between June 2009 and August 2011 was cultured in Brain Heart infusion broth, bile broth or in a commercial BACTEC culture media. The growth from blood cultures were processed for identification and antibiotic susceptibility as per standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility for Ampicillin, Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Nalidixic acid were noted.
Results: Out of 9053 blood culture specimens received, Salmonella was isolated from 103 specimens. There were 85 Salmonella Typhi isolates, 16 Salmonella Paratyphi A and two Salmonella Paratyphi B. Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A showed the highest resistance to Nalidixic acid. Salmonella Typhi showed highest susceptibility to Ceftriaxone and Salmonella Paratyphi A to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and Chloramphenicol. Two isolates were multidrug resistant. One Salmonella Paratyphi A was resistant to Ceftriaxone.
Conclusion: Routine screening of Nalidixic acid susceptibility is practical to predict fluorquinolone resistance in Salmonella and preventing therapeutic failure while treating with it. It is worthwhile to consider replacing fluorquinolones with Chloramphenicol or Ceftriaxone as the first line of therapy for enteric fever. Periodic analysis of Salmonella antibiogram should be done to formulate the best possible treatment strategies.
Rapid Identification and Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Standard Operating Procedure for Non- Commercial Assays: Part 2: Nitrate Reductase Assay v1.3.12
Authors: Singh Sarman , Kumar Parveen , Sharma Shreya , Mumbowa Francis , Martin Anandi , Durier Nicolas 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn the previous part, we presented the standard operating procedure (SOP) of the microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay drug susceptibility testing (DST) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The present SOP is devoted to another non-commercial culture and DST method known as nitrate reductase assay (NRA). As the name implies, the NRA detects the ability of M. tuberculosis to reduce nitrate to nitrite. In the assay, the presence of nitrite is detected by the addition of p-nitrobenzoate into the growth yield. The reaction is detected by the naked eye. The incorporation of drugs in the medium allows to use the test for DST, which can be interpreted with naked eyes. The identification and drug susceptibility results can be obtained in 2-3 weeks. This SOP document has been developed through the culture and DST subgroup of the STOP tuberculosis (TB) Partnership New Diagnostic Working Group. It is intended for laboratories that would want to use or already using this rapid non-commercial method for culture identification and DST of M. tuberculosis, notably in resource-constraint settings in Asia and Africa.
Menopause—Nonhormonal Approach: What's New?
Authors: Verma Urvashi 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Like birth, menarche, puberty, pregnancy/delivery, menopause is also a very important natural biological event in any woman's life. Practically it's the time when a woman can enjoy life more freely with other responsibilities. As with increased life expectancy about one third of life span has to be spent without menstruation. For so long period a woman can not afford estrogen replacement especially because of its side effects and complications. That's why we have to search for better and safer options.

How to cite this article
Malhotra J, Verma U, Garg R, Malhotra N. Menopause—Nonhormonal Approach: What's New? J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2013;1(2):70-74.
Postinfarct Intracardiac Mass with Severe Mitral Regurgitation: Late Rupture of One of the Heads of Posteriomedial Papillary Muscle
Authors: Panduranga Prashanth 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Acute ischemic mitral regurgitation is due to complete or partial rupture of either anterolateral or posteriomedial papillary muscles occurring within a week of acute myocardial infarction. Chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation is due to postinfarct remodeling leading to imbalance between tethering and closing forces of mitral valve apparatus. We present a 64-year-old male, presenting with acute pulmonary edema secondary to severe mitral regurgitation, a week after his myocardial infarction. Transthoracic echocardiogram detected a mobile intracardiac mass near anterior mitral leaflet with no clear-cut intracardiac origin of this mass. Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography detected rupture of one of the heads of posteriomedial papillary muscle. This case illustrates a rare presentation of postinfarct rupture of one of the heads of posteriomedial papillary muscle occurring late after infarction presenting as an intracardiac mass, which can have surgical implications.

How to cite this article
Panduranga P. Postinfarct Intracardiac Mass with Severe Mitral Regurgitation: Late Rupture of One of the Heads of Posteriomedial Papillary Muscle. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2014;2(1)29-31.
Transesophageal Echocardiography Guided Ligation of Right Pulmonary Artery to Left Atrial Fistula
Authors: Devagourou V , Das Sambhunath , Irpachi Kalpna 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Right pulmonary artery to left atrial fistula is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. A 23 years old man visited an ophthalmologist for complains of diplopia and diminished vision with cyanosis. Computerized tomography angiography diagnosed the presence of right pulmonary artery to left atrium fistula. Intraoperative use of transesophageal echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis and guided in real time for the successful ligation of fistula. Transesophageal echocardiography helped to perform the surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass.

How to cite this article
Das S, Irpachi K, Devagourou V. Transesophageal Echocardiography Guided Ligation of Right Pulmonary Artery to Left Atrial Fistula. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2014;2(1):38-39.
Uznání genocidy Arménů jako téma politického diskursu Arménie, Turecka a vybraných zemí EU
Authors: Souleimanov Emil , Ehrmann Maya , Kopeček Vincenc 
Published: February 2014

The issue whether to legally recognize the tragic events of 1915 in Eastern Anatolia as a genocide remains a key political issue which drives an edge between Armenia and the Republic of Turkey. Through their European diaspora communities, the issue has also entered the domain of the European Union (EU), becoming even more controversial as Turkey is in the process of hotly contested EU accession talks. The present article uses the instruments of discourse analysis to focus on the current perceptions of the Armenian genocide in the various countries involved, specifically within the EU, Armenia and Turkey, in order to explore the political rationale behind the commitment of various states to recognize or deny the aforementioned historical events as an act of genocide. After providing a brief historical overview of the 1915 events, we analyse internal EU perceptions of the “reality” of the Armenian genocide recognition, primarily in relation to Turkey's accession efforts. We then focus on the domestic discourses in Armenia and Turkey, with the goal of shedding light on the rationale behind both Yerevan's encouragement of genocide recognition and Ankara's unwillingness to recognize the genocide, as well as on the political implications of recognition and denial.
Les effets de la réforme sur le sentiment de professionnalisation des futurs enseignants
Authors: Danner Magali 
Published: February 2014

S’inscrivant dans un cadre européen, la formation des enseignants en France fait l’objet, depuis 2005, de réformes profondes dont l’enjeu porte sur un renforcement des compétences professionnelles et un adossement des savoirs enseignés à la recherche. Partant de données longitudinales recueillies auprès de 3 générations d’étudiants inscrits dans le nouveau master « enseigner, éduquer, apprendre » ouvert à l’université de Bourgogne en 2010, cette recherche met en lumière la façon dont les étudiants se destinant au professorat des écoles perçoivent la qualité de leur professionnalisation. Malgré le sentiment de ne pas être suffisamment préparés pour l’exercice de leur métier, le discours des étudiants révèle une appropriation des logiques institutionnelles de professionnalisation. Dans le contexte actuel de création des ESPE, ce discours paradoxal invite à s’interroger sur la capacité de l’institution à rendre lisible ses processus de formation face à des publics qui restent déterminés par un idéal vocationnel.
Hospital‐Wide Survey of Bacterial Contamination of Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound Probes and Coupling Gel
Authors: Lawrence Matthew W. , Blanks James , Ayala Ruben , Talk Douglas , Macian Diana , Glasser Jessie , Schofer Joel M. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the hospital‐wide incidence of bacterial contamination of point‐of‐care (bedside) ultrasound probes and coupling gel at a single academic medical center to predict the risk of nosocomial spread of infection.MethodsBacterial cultures were performed on all point‐of‐care ultrasound probe surfaces and associated gel bottles in our institution (82 total probes in 9 separate departments). This process was repeated every 2 weeks for a total of 8 weeks; therefore, each probe was cultured 4 times during the study period.ResultsOf the 320 probe cultures, 18 (5.6%), resulted in positive growth, all of which identified nonpathogenic organisms common to human skin flora and the environment. No methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus or other notable pathogens were identified. No gel cultures resulted in bacterial growth.ConclusionsBacterial contamination of point‐of‐care ultrasound probes and coupling gel is low at this single academic medical center and involves nonpathogenic organisms only.
BRCA1, BRCA2, and Associated Cancer Risks and Management for Male Patients
Authors: Cheng Heather H. , Shevach Jeffrey W. , Castro Elena , Couch Fergus J. , Domchek Susan M. , Eeles Rosalind A. , Giri Veda N. , Hall Michael J. , King Mary-Claire , Lin Daniel W. , Loeb Stacy , Morgan Todd M. , Offit Kenneth , Pritchard Colin C. , Schaeffer Edward M. , Szymaniak Brittany M. , Vassy Jason L. , Katona Bryson W. , Maxwell Kara N. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceHalf of all carriers of inherited cancer-predisposing variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are male, but the implications for their health are underrecognized compared to female individuals. Germline variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (also known as pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, referred to here as BRCA1/2 PVs) are well known to significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers in female carriers, and knowledge of BRCA1/2 PVs informs established cancer screening and options for risk reduction. While risks to male carriers of BRCA1/2 PVs are less characterized, there is convincing evidence of increased risk for prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer in males. There has also been a rapid expansion of US Food and Drug Administration–approved targeted cancer therapies, including poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, for breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers associated with BRCA1/2 PVs.ObservationsThis narrative review summarized the data that inform cancer risks, targeted cancer therapy options, and guidelines for early cancer detection. It also highlighted areas of emerging research and clinical trial opportunities for male BRCA1/2 PV carriers. These developments, along with the continued relevance to family cancer risk and reproductive options, have informed changes to guideline recommendations for genetic testing and strengthened the case for increased genetic testing for males.Conclusions and RelevanceDespite increasing clinical actionability for male carriers of BRCA1/2 PVs, far fewer males than female individuals undergo cancer genetic testing. Oncologists, internists, and primary care clinicians should be vigilant about offering appropriate genetic testing to males. Identifying more male carriers of BRCA1/2 PVs will maximize opportunities for cancer early detection, targeted risk management, and cancer treatment for males, along with facilitating opportunities for risk reduction and prevention in their family members, thereby decreasing the burden of hereditary cancer.
The roles of interviewing conditions and individual differences in memory and suggestibility: An online interview study
Authors: Wong Yi Shan , Pye Rachel , Chung Kai Li 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn existing studies of investigative interviewing, the effects of interviewing contexts have often been measured with little consideration of the reciprocal interviewee's stable characteristics. To clarify the factors and conditions under which adults are likely to retain accurate information and be resistant (or vulnerable) to suggestions during interviews, this study systematically explored the relative contributions of interviewing conditions (i.e., interviewer behaviour and exposure to post‐event misinformation) and individual differences (i.e., HEXACO personality traits, perceived parenting styles, social trait and state anxiety). A total of 159 Malaysian adults (M = 24.70; SD = 5.48) were assessed virtually using the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 1. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that higher recall accuracy was linked with supportive interviewer behaviour and non‐exposure to misinformation. Notably, individual's personality traits and developmental environment emerged as significant predictors of recall and suggestibility. The implications of remote interviewing in investigations are also discussed.