bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface‐based laminar analysis of diffusion abnormalities in cortical and white matter layers in neocortical epilepsy
Authors: Govindan Rajkumar Munian , Asano Eishi , Juhasz Csaba , Jeong Jeong‐won , Chugani Harry T. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryPurposeMicrostructural alterations seen in the epileptic cortex have been implicated as a cause and also result of multiple seizure activity. In the present study, we evaluated water diffusion changes at different cortical thickness fractions and in the underlying white matter of the epileptic cortex and compared them with electrographically normal cortex and also with corresponding cortical regions of healthy controls.MethodsWe selected 18 children with normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) who underwent two‐stage epilepsy surgery to control seizures of neocortical origin, and compared their MR images with those of 18 age‐matched healthy controls. First, delineation of the gray‐white and gray‐pial intersection surfaces was performed on high‐resolution volumetric T1 MR images. Using the delineated surfaces as reference, diffusion values were measured at different cortical thickness fractions and in the underlying white matter at various depths, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Cortical regions representing seizure onset and electrographically normal cortex were differentiated by electrocorticography in the epilepsy patients.Key FindingsWe observed different patterns of diffusion abnormalities in both the seizure onset and electrographically normal cortical regions when compared to healthy controls. In the seizure‐onset regions, a marked increase in diffusivity was noted in the cortical gray matter, and this increase was most pronounced in the outer fraction of the gray matter. Similarly, increased diffusivity was noted in the white matter underlying the epileptic cortex. The electrographically normal cortex, in contrast, showed decreased diffusivity in inner and middle cortical fractions compared to the controls. The white matter underlying the electrographically normal cortex did not show any difference in diffusivity between the children with epilepsy and controls. Finally, both the cortical gray matter and the underlying white matter regions showed decreased anisotropy in epileptic as well as electrographically normal regions when compared to controls.SignificanceOur results suggest specific patterns of diffusion changes in the cortical fractions and the underlying white matter of the epileptic region compared to electrographically normal and normal control regions. The abnormal increase in diffusivity of the superficial cortex might be associated with microstructural abnormalities commonly seen in layers II through IV of epileptic cortex. Such combined use of a high‐resolution structural image to extract the laminar diffusion values, which are highly sensitive to microstructural alterations, could be of clinical value in localizing epileptogenic cortex.
Different electroclinical picture of generalized epilepsy in two families with 15q13.3 microdeletion
Authors: Coppola Antonietta , Bagnasco Irene , Traverso Monica , Brusco Alfredo , Di Gregorio Eleonora , Del Gaudio Luigi , Santulli Lia , Caccavale Carmela , Vigliano Piernanda , Minetti Carlo , Striano Salvatore , Zara Federico , Striano Pasquale 
Published: March 2013

Summary15q.13.3 microdeletion has been described in a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Epilepsy appears to be a common feature and, specifically, the 15q13.3 microdeletion is found in about 1% of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Recently, absence seizures with intellectual disability (ID) have been reported in patients carrying this mutation. We describe two families in which several affected members carry a 15q13.3 microdeletion in a pattern suggestive of autosomal dominant inheritance. Their phenotype includes mainly absence epilepsy and mild ID, suggesting only similarities with genetic/idiopathic generalized epilepsies but not typical features. The importance of studying such families is crucial to broaden the phenotype and understand the long‐term outcome of patients with this condition.
Informed Trading and Market Structure
Authors: Cai Charlie X. , Harris Jeffrey H. , Hudson Robert S. , Keasey Kevin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe examine London Stock Exchange trading around information releases and link market quality dimensions with market structure during periods with heightened interaction between informed and uninformed traders. We find support for both the hypothesis that automated electronic markets minimise trading costs for liquid stocks and the hypothesis that adverse selection costs are minimised with intermediated trading. We examine how news affects both dealer and electronic systems and find that electronic markets are prone to greater stealth trading and post‐trade volatility, both consistent with the proliferation of algorithmic trading and short‐term volatility events such as the May 6, 2010 ‘flash crash.’
Seasonal variation in the population growth rate of a dominant zooplankter: what determines its population dynamics?
Authors: Jiménez‐Melero Raquel , Ramírez José M. , Guerrero Francisco 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Most demographic studies predict population dynamics from known vital rates. In natural plankton populations, in contrast, the ecologist faces the ‘inverse problem’ to estimate the vital rates from observations of a population's dynamics. Since this problem is complex, many studies only present time series of abundance data from the field and vital rates estimated from laboratory experiments. Here, however, we estimate vital rates of the copepod Arctodiaptomus salinus from a stage‐dependent matrix model developed from time series of abundances.

We show how each vital rate contributes to the observed variation in the population growth rate (retrospective analyses) and how potential changes in vital rates could affect this growth rate (prospective analyses). Such perturbation analyses can be expected to become very useful management tools, because they show how sensitive the population is to changes in its different life traits and to detect potential disturbances in its habitat.

The models showed that the finite population growth rate (λ) varied seasonally. The population decreased during the summer and was very close to steady state in autumn and winter. The drop in λ in summer was caused mainly by reductions in fertility and in the probability of growth of pre‐adult stages. Fertility and survival of pre‐adult and adult stages were the vital rates contributing most to the variation on λ in autumn. The increment of pre‐adult stage survival determined the increment of λ in winter.

During autumn and winter λ was more sensitive to changes to the probabilities of survival than to the probabilities of growth to the following stage, but in summer the opposite was observed. During the whole of the study period, λ was not very sensitive to changes to fertility.

Since at high temperatures λ decays and the study pond is warm most of the year, global warming might have dramatic consequences for this A. salinus population even in the short term. Results suggest that pre‐adult stages of A. salinus may over‐summer as quiescence stages, which could be a useful strategy for coping with the warming of the pond and, consequently, global warming.
Petroleum system evolution in the inverted Lower Saxony Basin, northwest Germany: a 3D basin modeling study
Authors: Bruns B. , di Primio R. , Berner U. , Littke R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Lower Saxony Basin (LSB) in northwest Germany is one of the oldest oil‐producing basins in the world, where the first production well was drilled in 1864. It has been intensively investigated with respect to its hydrocarbon potential and can be regarded as a well‐studied example of a sedimentary basin that experienced strong inversion and uplift. Oil and gas source rocks of economic importance include Upper Carboniferous coals as well as Jurassic (Toarcian Posidonia Shale) and Cretaceous (Berriasian/Wealden) shales. We have developed a fully integrated 3D high‐resolution numerical petroleum systems model incorporating the LSB, and parts of the Pompeckj Block in the north as well as the Münsterland Basin in the south. Aside from temperature and maturity modeling calibrated by a large amount of vitrinite reflectance and downhole temperature data, we also investigated petroleum generation and accumulation with special emphasis on the shale gas potential of the Jurassic Posidonia Shale.
Building for the Future: Where Should We Build Houses to Stimulate the Economy?
Authors: Sarling Joe 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe UK's housing problem has become an economic one. Finding ways to boost the supply of housing across the UK is currently near the top of the Government's economic growth and jobs agenda. As a result of failed policies over the past 60 years ‐ policymakers’ unwillingness to tackle NIMBY interests, a complex national planning system, developers’ unwillingness and inability to build housing at the volume required to maintain stable prices, changing preferences amongst the population ‐ the scale of the problem is vast. However, for any hope of success for the Government's housing strategy, it is vital to understand the extent to which the housing landscape varies significantly across different parts of the country.
Seeing for the state: Kemalist long‐distance nationalism in Australia
Authors: Şenay Banu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe recent literature on Muslim organisations in the Turkish diaspora context is voluminous as is analysis of Kurdish and Alevi grassroots politics against the Turkish state. Yet nothing has been written on those whose political orientation is in line with the secularist‐nationalist ideology of the Turkish Republic, that is, of Kemalists. As a contribution to this endeavour, this paper explores Kemalist actors' mobilisation in Australia. The paper argues that their current activism is related to a threatened economic privilege, a loss of cultural capital and a waning political dominance in the ongoing social life of Turkey.
Fifteen years of the Family Eating and Activity Habits Questionnaire (FEAHQ): an update and review
Authors: Golan M. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
The FEAHQ was originally developed in Israel and designed for use in family‐based weight‐management interventions that emphasized changes in the environment and in parents’ knowledge, behaviors, and modeling.
A key distinction of the FEAHQ from other tools is the ability to evaluate the overall obesogenic environment and, at the same time, each of the family members’ eating and activity patterns, reflecting the importance of parenting behaviors and modeling in child weight status.
The FEAHQ is a useful clinical tool for identifying target behaviors for treatment and monitoring treatment progress.
What this study adds
FEAHQ‐R includes adjustments made to improve the tool use.
New data supporting the psychometric properties of the Revised FEAHQ.
BackgroundThe Family Eating and Activity Habits Questionnaire (FEAHQ) is a 32‐item self‐report instrument designed to assess the eating and activity habits of family members as well as obesogenic factors in the overall home environment (stimulus and behaviour patterns) related to weight. Originally, this questionnaire, which was developed in Israel, was designed for use in family‐based weight‐management interventions that emphasized changes in the environment, and in parents' knowledge, behaviours and modelling. It was developed for use with children aged 6–11 years and designed for co‐completion by parents or caretakers and their children. Over the years, it has been administered in research and clinical settings in Israel, England, Australia and other countries. Its 15‐year anniversary calls for an update in the literature regarding adjustments made to improve its use in different settings and with different ethnic populations and the psychometric properties of the revised version.ObjectiveThe goal of this paper is threefold: (i) to describe the history and development of the FEAHQ; (ii) to present new data supporting the psychometric properties of the subscales of the Revised FEAHQ (FEAHQ‐R) for ages 6–12 years and (iii) to review the clinical and research literature reporting on FEAHQ subscales.MethodsThe psychometric properties of the revised questionnaire were evaluated in a randomized control trial and in a naturalistic, community‐based study to promote healthy lifestyle among families with children 6–12 years of age from different ethnic populations.ResultsThe tool demonstrated good test‐retest reliability when completed by caretakers and very good internal consistency. The questionnaire scores discriminated between obese and normal‐weight children and predicted the weight classification of 66% of the participants.ConclusionsThe FEAHQ‐R is a useful clinical tool for identifying target behaviors for treatment and monitoring treatment progress that centers on overweight prevention and weight management.
ZnO Nanorods as Antireflective Coatings for Industrial‐Scale Single‐Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Aurang Pantea , Demircioglu Olgu , Es Firat , Turan Rasit , Unalan Husnu Emrah 
Published: March 2013

In this work, both planar and textured, industrial scale (156 mm × 156 mm) single‐crystalline silicon (Si) solar cells have been fabricated using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods as antireflection coating (ARC). ZnO nanorods were grown in a few minutes via hydrothermal method within a commercially available microwave oven. Relative improvement in excess of 65% in the reflectivity was observed for both planar and textured Si surfaces. Through ZnO nanorods, effective lifetime (τeff) measurements were presented to investigate the surface passivation property of such an ARC layer. ZnO nanorods increased the τeff from 9 to 71 μs at a carrier injection level of 1015 cm−3. Increased carrier lifetime revealed the passivation effect of the ZnO nanorods in addition to their ARC property. 33% and 16% enhancement in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency was obtained in planar and textured single‐crystalline solar cells, respectively. Our results reveal the potential of ZnO nanorods as ARC that can be deposited through simple solution‐based methods and the method investigated herein can be simply adapted to industrial scale fabrication.
Ionomigration of Pores and Gas Bubbles in Yttria‐Stabilized Cubic Zirconia
Authors: Kim Seung‐Wan , Kang Suk‐Joong L. , Chen I‐Wei 
Published: March 2013

Migration of residual pores in partially sintered 8 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia under an electric field was investigated. To avoid shrinkage via sintering, Ar‐filled bubbles introduced to dense ceramic were also studied. Pores/bubbles were found to migrate against the field, e.g., under 1.9 V at 875°C, a temperature when cation diffusion is supposed to have frozen according to the prevailing consensus. Pore/bubble movement left contorted grains in some samples, but not at lower temperatures and higher fields when they apparently pass through grain boundaries without causing any visible distortion. These results are explained by a surface diffusion model and a temperature‐pore‐size map that delineates two distinct modes of pore/boundary pinning and breakaway. The implications of these results to solid oxide fuel cells and electrolysis cells are explored.
Ischemic heart disease is associated with vertebral fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Muñoz‐Torres Manuel , Reyes‐García Rebeca , García‐Martin Antonia , Jiménez‐Moleón José Juan , Gonzalez‐Ramírez Amanda Rocío , Lara‐Villoslada María Jesús , Moreno Pedro Rozas 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiscordant results about the relationship between diabetes complications and the risk of fragility fractures have been reported. Our aims were to analyze the factors related to morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to explore the association between the presence of VFs and the main cardiovascular risk factors.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional study including 123 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and in 72 of these patients we recorded data about the risk factors for VFs and comorbidities of diabetes including diabetes‐related microvascular disease and cardiovascular disease.ResultsIn the crude analysis, diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio [OR] 4.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–12.5), ischemic heart disease (OR 5.02, 95% CI 1.1–9.7) and waist circumference (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.006–1.114) were related to VFs. In the full model (adjusted for age, sex, body mass index), ischemic heart disease was the only determinant of VF (OR 3.33, CI 1.02–10.91, P = 0.047); whereas diabetic retinopathy did not reached significance (OR 2.27, CI 0.71–7.27, P = 0.16).ConclusionsIn summary, ischemic heart disease is associated with an increased risk of VFs in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Relatives' experiences of everyday life six months after hypothermia treatment of a significant other′s cardiac arrest
Authors: Wallin Ewa , Larsson Ing‐Marie , Rubertsson Sten , Kristoferzon Marja‐Leena 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo describe relatives' experiences of needing support and information and of the impact on everyday life six months after a significant other survived cardiac arrest treated with therapeutic hypothermia at an intensive care unit.BackgroundBeing the relative of a cardiac arrest patient has been described as an unexpected chaotic situation. It is a unique experience because the event was unexpected, but also because of the heart disease and the uncertain neurological impact and outcome.DesignThe design of the study was qualitative.MethodsInterviews with 20 relatives were conducted six months after a significant other's cardiac arrest. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThree main themes were identified: ‘Difficulties managing a changed life situation’, ‘Feeling like I come second’ and ‘Feeling new hope for the future’. The most common support to relatives came from family and friends, but relatives felt abandoned by healthcare personnel when the significant other was discharged from the intensive care unit and hospital. Relatives lacked information concerning prognosis, rehabilitation and follow‐up. They wished to meet others in the same situation and share experiences. Relatives also felt people around them did not understand their situation.ConclusionsEveryday life was still affected six months after the event, involving increased domestic responsibilities, restrictions in social life and constant concern for the person stricken by cardiac arrest.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study shows that healthcare personnel need to improve provision of support and information and provide follow‐up appointments for relatives to clarify prognosis and rehabilitation issues.
Hume's Positive Argument on Induction
Authors: Qu Hsueh 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDiscussion on whether Hume's treatment of induction is descriptive or normative has usually centred on Hume's negative argument, somewhat neglecting the positive argument. In this paper, I will buck this trend, focusing on the positive argument. First, I argue that Hume's positive and negative arguments should be read as addressing the same issues (whether normative or descriptive). I then argue that Hume's positive argument in theEnquiryis normative in nature; drawing on his discussion of scepticism in Section 12 of theEnquiry, I explain a framework by which he provides what I callconsequentjustification for our inductive practices in his positive argument. Based on this, I argue that his negative argument in theEnquiryshould similarly be read as normative in nature.
Primed for Change: Developing Ecological Restoration for the 21st Century
Authors: Shackelford Nancy , Hobbs Richard J. , Burgar Joanna M. , Erickson Todd E. , Fontaine Joseph B. , Laliberté Etienne , Ramalho Cristina E. , Perring Michael P. , Standish Rachel J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRestoration is a young and swiftly developing field. It has been almost a decade since the inception of one of the field's foundational documents—the Society for Ecological Restoration International Primer on Ecological Restoration (Primer). Through a series of organized discussions, we assessed the Primer for its currency and relevance in the modern field of ecological restoration. We focused our assessment on the section entitled “The Nine Attributes of a Restored Ecosystem” and grouped each of the attributes into one of four categories: species composition, ecosystem function, ecosystem stability, and landscape context. We found that in the decade since the document's inception, the concepts, methods, goals, and thinking of ecological restoration have shifted significantly. We discuss each of the four categories in this light with the aim of offering comments and suggestions on options for updating the Primer. We also include a fifth category that we believe is increasingly acknowledged in ecological restoration: the human element. The Primer is an important document guiding the practice of restoration. We hope that this critical assessment contributes to its ongoing development and relevance and more generally to the development of restoration ecology, particularly in our current era of rapid environmental change.
Sialometric analysis in young patients with chronic renal insufficiency
Authors: Fregoneze Andréa Paula , de Oliveira Lira Ortega Adriana , Brancher João Armando , Vargas Evelise Tissori , de Paula Meneses Rejane , Strazzeri Bönecker Marcelo José 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to evaluate whether or not quantitative changes occur in the salivary flow of patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) who have been submitted to Hemodialysis. Twenty‐nine chronic renal patients, between 4 and 25 years of age, submitted to Hemodialysis at Hospital Pequeno Príncipe in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil participated in this study. The results form this study were compared with those of a group consisting of 29 healthy patients, paired by sex and age, whose parents sought out dental treatment at local health clinic in Campo Magro, Paraná. For Sialometric evaluations, samples were collected at the beginning, during and at the end of Hemodialysis, as well as after the analyses had been performed. Salivary flow was calculated by the Banderas – Tarabay formula (1997). The results revealed that the mean salivary flow values presented no difference between the groups. It could therefore be concluded that CRI did not determine quantitative alterations in salivary fluid.
Toothbrushing barriers for people with developmental disabilities: a pilot study
Authors: Shin Christina J. , Saeed Sophia 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aims of this study were: (1) to determine which step in tooth brushing is most difficult for individuals with developmental disabilities and (2) to determine if oral hygiene instruction improves technique.Material and methodsOnce per week for 6 weeks, disclosing solution was applied to the teeth of 14 subjects who were observed individually in their tooth brushing technique. Fourteen distinct steps were measured on a 4‐point Likert scale. Plaque score was measured after brushing.ResultsThe step causing greatest difficulty was “able to brush off residual, identified plaque.” Steps that showed greatest improvement were “open toothpaste” and “place toothpaste on brush.” The change in plaque score from the initial visit to the final visit was not statistically significant.ConclusionOral hygiene instruction in a group and individual setting increased compliance in the initial steps of tooth brushing.