bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corn stover harvest increases herbicide movement to subsurface drains – Root Zone Water Quality Model simulations
Authors: Shipitalo Martin J , Malone Robert W , Ma Liwang , Nolan Bernard T , Kanwar Rameshwar S , Shaner Dale L , Pederson Carl H 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDCrop residue removal for bioenergy production can alter soil hydrologic properties and the movement of agrochemicals to subsurface drains. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM), previously calibrated using measured flow and atrazine concentrations in drainage from a 0.4 ha chisel‐tilled plot, was used to investigate effects of 50 and 100% corn (Zea maysL.) stover harvest and the accompanying reductions in soil crust hydraulic conductivity and total macroporosity on transport of atrazine, metolachlor and metolachlor oxanilic acid (OXA).RESULTSThe model accurately simulated field‐measured metolachlor transport in drainage. A 3 year simulation indicated that 50% residue removal reduced subsurface drainage by 31% and increased atrazine and metolachlor transport in drainage 4–5‐fold when surface crust conductivity and macroporosity were reduced by 25%. Based on its measured sorption coefficient, approximately twofold reductions inOXAlosses were simulated with residue removal.CONCLUSIONTheRZWQMindicated that, if corn stover harvest reduces crust conductivity and soil macroporosity, losses of atrazine and metolachlor in subsurface drainage will increase owing to reduced sorption related to more water moving through fewer macropores. Losses of the metolachlor degradation productOXAwill decrease as a result of the more rapid movement of the parent compound into the soil. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Variation of the contact resistance with electric current for gold electrodes on a squaraine single crystal
Authors: Govor Leonid V. , Reiter Günter , Parisi Jürgen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe examined the dependence of the contact resistances between gold electrodes and a single crystal of small organic molecules, namely, squaraine (2,4‐bis[4‐(N,N‐diisobutylamino)‐2,6‐dihydroxyphenyl]), on the electric current. Applying four gold electrodes on the crystal allows to measure twelve current–voltage () characteristics. The dependence of all eight contact resistances (four for the injecting and four for the extracting electrodes, respectively) on the electric current was determined. We found: (i) the contact resistance of all electrodes (ranging from to ) was larger than the resistance of the squaraine crystal (); (ii) for the same electrode, the values of the resistance for charge injection and charge extraction were different; (iii) the values of all contact resistances were not constant, but depended on the value of the current. Furthermore, each of the measured total I–V characteristics could be decomposed into three components representing charge transfer through the injecting electrode, the squaraine crystal, and the extracting electrode. We demonstrate that, for the correct interpretation of the I–V characteristics measured on metal/squaraine/metal structures, determination of the contact resistances at the interface between metal electrode and organic crystal is ultimately crucial.
6.1: A New Application of a Touch Screen Display for Data Transfer
Authors: Coni Philippe , Perbet Jean‐Noël , Augros Lionel , Abadie Jean Christophe , Sontag Yves 
Published: July 2015

Touchscreens are generally used as a human interface means and were designed to transmit solely finger positions to a host computer.This paper describes a way to transmit data to and from the touchscreen, by mean of a dongle or fingertip in contact with the touchscreen. Simple software modification of touchscreen controller enables a data rate of up to 500 kbit/s.
44.1: Invited Paper: OLED Lighting for General Lighting Applications
Authors: Jang Seongsoo , Lee Yeonkeun , Park MinChoon 
Published: July 2015

The efficacy of large area white OLED lighting panel has been reached to 100lm/W in the 3‐stack tandem structure of fluorescent blue and phosphorescent green and red. The device has expected lifetime, LT70 of 40,000hrs at the luminance of 3000cd/m2.The pixellation method was adapted to eliminate the possibility of abrupt failure of the lighting devices while using in the field. This is an important step to greatly increase the reliability of the OLED lighting devices.
Strychnine as Target, Samarium Diiodide as Tool: A Personal Story
Authors: Beemelmanns Christine , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: July 2015

AbstractStrychnine stands out from the group of classical natural products as one of the first complex compounds to be isolated in pure form and an extreme challenge to be structurally characterized. It has played a central role in natural product total syntheses and the surge in the development of innovative synthetic methods for many decades. Recently, we have accomplished one of the shortest formal total syntheses of strychnine (in ten steps and 14% overall yield or even shorter in eight steps and 10% overall yield). The evolution of a productive synthetic strategy, as well as the synthetic challenges tackled, are described here in detail, including examples of related transformations. The successful synthetic strategy was inspired by the premise that the core structure could be derived from simple aromatic indole precursors by a reductive SmI2‐induced ketyl–aryl coupling. Other key reactions included a diastereoselective reduction and a regioselective elimination protocol. Altogether one of the shortest syntheses of iso‐strychnine and hence of strychnine was established.
Path dependence and the stabilization of strategic premises: how the funeral industry buries itself
Authors: Wenzel Matthias 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that path-dependent organizations may pathologically reproduce their paths even in times of crisis. The unchallenged retention of underlying strategic premises seems to play a key role in this self-destructive process. Whereas the previous literature largely assumes that organizational crises provide sufficient impetus for updating strategic premises, recent empirical studies have highlighted that path-dependent organizations may find this highly difficult. In the present study, I explore how path-dependent organizations stabilize strategic premises even in times of crisis. Drawing on a case study of the funeral industry, I theoretically distill four mechanisms that stabilize strategic premises in path-dependent organizations despite the fierce pressures of organizational crises. While these mechanisms constitute either reflexive modes of processing feedback or generative modes of producing market outcomes, they all inhibit a disconfirmation and, thus, an update of strategic premises. Furthermore, the study presents indicative evidence of how this unchallenged retention of strategic premises leads to the pathological reproduction of the path.
Spontaneous Iliopsoas Tendon Rupture: An Uncommon Cause of Hip Pain in Elderly Patients
Authors: Emam Mohammed , Farmakidis Constantine , Lee Se Won , Wainapel Stanley F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIliopsoas tendon rupture is a relatively rare cause of hip pain. It has been described in children, in adults with pathologic avulsion secondary to metastatic disease, and in older individuals with multiple chronic illnesses. We are reporting a case of apparently spontaneous iliopsoas tendon rupture that occurred in an elderly patient presenting with severe debilitating hip pain whose etiology initially was unrecognized. Magnetic resonance imaging of the hip confirmed the diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of considering iliopsoas tear in the differential diagnosis of unexplained acute onset hip pain and illustrates that geriatric patients with this condition can be treated conservatively with satisfactory functional outcome.
Patterns and Predictors of Primary Mental Health Service Use Following Bushfire and Flood Disasters
Authors: Reifels Lennart , Bassilios Bridget , Spittal Matthew J. , King Kylie , Fletcher Justine , Pirkis Jane 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo examine patterns and predictors of primary mental health care service use following 2 major Australian natural disaster events.MethodsUtilizing data from a national minimum dataset, descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to identify levels and predictors of the use of the Access to Allied Psychological Services (ATAPS) program over a 2-year period following 2 major Australian bushfire and flood/cyclone disasters.ResultsThe bushfire disaster resulted in significantly greater and more enduring ATAPS service volume, while service delivery for both disasters peaked in the third quarter. Consumers affected by bushfires (IRR 1.51, 95% CI 1.20–1.89), diagnosed with depression (IRR 2.57, 95% CI 1.60-4.14), anxiety (IRR 2.06, 95% CI 1.21-3.49), or both disorders (IRR 2.15, 95% CI 1.35-3.42) utilized treatment at higher rates.ConclusionsThe substantial demand for primary mental health care services following major natural disasters can vary in magnitude and trajectory with disaster type. Disaster-specific ATAPS services provide a promising model to cater for this demand in primary care settings. Disaster type and need-based variables as drivers of ATAPS use intensity indicate an equitable level of service use in line with the program intention. Established service usage patterns can assist with estimating capacity requirements in similar disaster circumstances. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness.2015;9:275-282)
Stressful life events and leukocyte telomere attrition in adulthood: a prospective population-based cohort study
Authors: van Ockenburg S. L. , Bos E. H. , de Jonge P. , van der Harst P. , Gans R. O. B. , Rosmalen J. G. M. 
Published: July 2015

Background.Telomere attrition might be one of the mechanisms through which psychosocial stress leads to somatic disease. To date it is unknown if exposure to adverse life events in adulthood is associated with telomere shortening prospectively. In the current study we investigated whether life events are associated with shortening of telomere length (TL).Method.Participants were 1094 adults (mean age 53.1, range 33–79 years) from the PREVEND cohort. Data were collected at baseline (T1) and at two follow-up visits after 4 years (T2) and 6 years (T3). Life events were assessed with an adjusted version of the List of Threatening Events (LTE). TL was measured by monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR at T1, T2, and T3. A linear mixed model was used to assess the effect of recent life events on TL prospectively. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess whether the lifetime life events score or the score of life events experienced before the age of 12 predicted TL cross-sectionally. All final models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, presence of chronic diseases, frequency of sports, smoking status, and level of education.Results.Recent life events significantly predicted telomere attrition prospectively (B= −0.031,p= 0.007). We were not able to demonstrate a significant cross-sectional relationship between the lifetime LTE score and TL. Nor did we find exposure to adverse life events before the age of 12 to be associated with TL in adulthood.Conclusions.Exposure to recent adverse life events in adulthood is associated with telomere attrition prospectively.
Individual differences in rumination in healthy and depressive samples: association with brain structure, functional connectivity and depression
Authors: Wang K. , Wei D. , Yang J. , Xie P. , Hao X. , Qiu J. 
Published: July 2015

Background.Rumination is an important cognitive risk factor for onset and relapse of depression. However, no studies have employed a dimensional approach in investigating the neural correlates of rumination and the relationship with depression.Method.Non-clinical healthy subjects (n = 306), who completed the classical rumination and depression scales, were studied using voxel-based morphometry and regional homogeneity (ReHo). Subsequently, mediation analysis was conducted to examine the influence of rumination on the relationship between brain structure and depression. Moreover, depressive patients (n = 60) and a control group (n = 63) of comparable age and education were studied with regions of interest that were identified in the healthy individuals.Results.For healthy individuals, regional grey-matter volume (rGMV) of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) were positively correlated with rumination. In addition, rumination had a mediating effect on the relationship between the DLPFC and PHG and depression. Moreover, ReHo analysis showed that rumination had a significantly negative correlation with functional homogeneity of DLPFC. However, compared to the control group, depressed patients showed significant decrease of rGMV in the DLPFC and PHG and there was a significant negative correlation between DLPFC volume and depressive rumination.Conclusions.Increased DLPFC volume (decreased ReHo) in healthy individuals while decreased in depression indicated the trend of DLPFC from inefficient inhibition (‘overload state’) to impaired regulatory mechanism (‘paralysis state’). This finding might elucidate when and why healthy individuals would develop sustained negative mood and depression eventually.
Plant composition patterns inside an endemic birds’ nest fern (Asplenium goudeyi) on Lord Howe Island: effects of fern size, fern isolation and plant dispersal abilities
Authors: Taylor Amanda , Burns Kevin 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:The importance of deterministic and stochastic processes in structuring ecological communities is an enduring debate. Although this debate is nearly a century old, the extent to which communities are structured by species interactions or chance events is a central issue in ecology. We examined the assemblages of plants living inside 119 birds’ nest ferns (Asplenium goudeyi), which are endemic to Lord Howe Island. Specifically, we investigated whether patterns of species richness and community composition were influenced by fern size, fern isolation and plant dispersal abilities. Fern size and fern isolation significantly predicted plant community richness. At the community level, plant composition patterns did not deviate from randomized expectations. Individual species occurrences increased with increasing community richness, and no species exclusions were observed. Wind-dispersed taxa, which accounted for 29% of all species, were well represented in isolated ferns. Comparatively, poorer dispersers were confined to ferns nearest the forest at the base of the cliffs. We suggest that dispersal plays a key role in structuring plant communities living within birds’ nest ferns, and that species interactions are less important. Our study emphasizes the importance of epiphytes with a nest-like growth form as habitat for plants in a harsh environment.
The Asian elephant is amongst the top three frugivores of two tree species with easily edible fruit
Authors: Sekar Nitin , Sukumar Raman 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:Large animal species are prone to local extirpation, but ecologists cannot yet predict how the loss of megaherbivores affects ecosystem processes such as seed dispersal. Few studies have compared the quantity and quality of seed dispersal by megaherbivores versus alternative frugivores in the wild, particularly for plant species with fruit easily consumed by many frugivorous species. In a disturbed tropical moist forest in India, we examine whether megaherbivores are a major frugivore of two tree species with easily edible, mammal-dispersed fruit. We quantify the relative fruit removal rates ofArtocarpus chaplashaandCareya arborea, by the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and alternative dispersers. Through focal watches and camera trapping, we found the elephant to be amongst the top three frugivores for each tree species. Furthermore, seed transects underA. chaplashashow that arboreal frugivores discard seeds only a short distance from the parental tree, underscoring the elephant's role as a long-distance disperser. Our data provide unprecedented support for an old notion: megaherbivores may be key dispersers for a broad set of mammal-dispersed fruiting species, and not just fruit inaccessible to smaller frugivores. As such, the elephant may be particularly important for the functional ecology of the disturbed forests it still inhabits across tropical Asia.
Acquiring constraints on morphosyntactic variation: children's Spanish subject pronoun expression
Authors: SHIN NAOMI LAPIDUS 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTConstraints on linguistic variation are consistent across adult speakers, yielding probabilistic and systematic patterns. Yet, little is known about the development of such patterns during childhood. This study investigates Spanish subject pronoun expression in naturalistic data from 154 monolingual children in Mexico, divided into four age groups: 6–7, 8–9, 10–11, 12+. Results from logistic regressions examining five predictors of pronoun expression in 6,481 verbs show that children's usage is structured and patterned. The study also suggests a developmental progression: as children get older, they become sensitive to more constraints. I conclude by suggesting that children learn patterns of variation by attuning to distributional tendencies in the input, and that the more frequent the patterns are, the easier they are to detect and learn.
Continuous inhaled iloprost in a neonate with d-transposition of the great arteries and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Dykes John C. , Torres Marilyn , Alexander Plato J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis report describes the case of a neonate with d-transposition of the great arteries and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension stabilised in the post-operative period with continuous iloprost nebulisation. To our knowledge, this is the first documented method of treating post-operative severe pulmonary arterial hypertension with continuous inhaled iloprost in a patient with complex CHD. We found this method of delivering the drug very effective in stabilising haemodynamic swings in the setting of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Ultra-processed foods have the worst nutrient profile, yet they are the most available packaged products in a sample of New Zealand supermarkets
Authors: Luiten Claire M , Steenhuis Ingrid HM , Eyles Helen , Ni Mhurchu Cliona , Waterlander Wilma E 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the availability of packaged food products in New Zealand supermarkets by level of industrial processing, nutrient profiling score (NPSC), price (energy, unit and serving costs) and brand variety.DesignSecondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data on packaged supermarket food and non-alcoholic beverages. Products were classified according to level of industrial processing (minimally, culinary and ultra-processed) and their NPSC.SettingPackaged foods available in four major supermarkets in Auckland, New Zealand.SubjectsPackaged supermarket food products for the years 2011 and 2013.ResultsThe majority (84 % in 2011 and 83 % in 2013) of packaged foods were classified as ultra-processed. A significant positive association was found between the level of industrial processing and NPSC, i.e. ultra-processed foods had a worse nutrient profile (NPSC=11·63) than culinary processed foods (NPSC=7·95), which in turn had a worse nutrient profile than minimally processed foods (NPSC=3·27), P<0·001. No clear associations were observed between the three price measures and level of processing. The study observed many variations of virtually the same product. The ten largest food manufacturers produced 35 % of all packaged foods available.ConclusionsIn New Zealand supermarkets, ultra-processed foods comprise the largest proportion of packaged foods and are less healthy than less processed foods. The lack of significant price difference between ultra- and less processed foods suggests ultra-processed foods might provide time-poor consumers with more value for money. These findings highlight the need to improve the supermarket food supply by reducing numbers of ultra-processed foods and by reformulating products to improve their nutritional profile.
Single-trial dynamics of motor cortex and their applications to brain-machine interfaces
Authors: Kao Jonathan C. , Nuyujukian Paul , Ryu Stephen I. , Churchland Mark M. , Cunningham John P. , Shenoy Krishna V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that neural population responses have their own internal drive, or dynamics, that describe how the neural population evolves through time. An important prediction of neural dynamical models is that previously observed neural activity is informative of noisy yet-to-be-observed activity on single-trials, and may thus have a denoising effect. To investigate this prediction, we built and characterized dynamical models of single-trial motor cortical activity. We find these models capture salient dynamical features of the neural population and are informative of future neural activity on single trials. To assess how neural dynamics may beneficially denoise single-trial neural activity, we incorporate neural dynamics into a brain–machine interface (BMI). In online experiments, we find that a neural dynamical BMI achieves substantially higher performance than its non-dynamical counterpart. These results provide evidence that neural dynamics beneficially inform the temporal evolution of neural activity on single trials and may directly impact the performance of BMIs.
Flash Joule heating for ductilization of metallic glasses
Authors: Okulov I. V. , Soldatov I. V. , Sarmanova M. F. , Kaban I. , Gemming T. , Edström K. , Eckert J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMetallic glasses (MGs) inherit their amorphous structure from the liquid state, which predetermines their ability to withstand high loads approaching the theoretical limit. However, the absence of slip systems makes them very sensitive to the type of loading and extremely brittle in tension. The latter can be improved by precipitation of ductile crystals, which suppress a catastrophic propagation of shear bands in a glassy matrix. Here we report a novel approach to obtain MG-matrix composites with tensile ductility by flash Joule heating applied to Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 (at.%) metallic glass. This homogeneous, volumetric and controllable rapid heat treatment allows achieving uniformly distributed metastable B2 CuZr crystals in the glassy matrix. It results in a significant tensile strain of 6.8±0.5%. Moreover, optimized adjustment of the heat-treatment conditions enables tuning of microstructure to achieve desired mechanical properties.