bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herramienta software para la práctica de la robótica quirúrgica
Authors: Vivas Alban Oscar Andres , Guzmán Villamarín Diego Enrique 
Published: September 2015

Este artículo presenta el desarrollo de una herramienta software para la práctica de la robótica quirúrgica que integra la utilización de robots quirúrgicos en un entorno virtual 3D y que lleva por nombre RoboSurgery. La herramienta ha sido diseñada para que los ingenieros puedan comprender el uso de los asistentes robóticos en operaciones de laparoscopia. Integra dos tipos de robots, un robot porta endoscopio (robot Hibou) y dos robots quirúrgicos (robots Lapbot), manipulados por joystick. El sistema permite observar en una ventana el interior del abdomen del paciente, imagen virtual que es generada por el endoscopio situado en el órgano terminal del robot Hibou, mientras que se manipulan los dos robots quirúrgicos con el fin de realizar una colecistectomía (extracción de la vesícula). Los resultados muestran un sistema virtual bastante útil para la comprensión del funcionamiento de los asistentes quirúrgicos, que permitirá en un futuro adicionar otros robots y otros procedimientos, además de mayor realismo al incluir algoritmos de deformación de órganos.
Performance of Novel Contact Stabilization Activated Sludge System on Domestic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Torres Franco Andrés Felipe , Vásquez Sarria Nancy , Rodriguez Victoria Jenny 
Published: September 2015

A pilot-scale study was conducted to evaluate a traditional contact stabilization activated sludge system (CSASC) and a modified CSAS (CSASM) treating domestic wastewater. The CSASC system was comprised of a contact reactor (CR), a stabilization reactor (SR) and a secondary settler (SS); the CSASM included a second CR, a second SS (CR2 and SS2), and a modified SR (SRM) divided into four zones: an attached-suspended growth zone which allowed the system to reach an average sludge retention time close to 36 d and favored the occurrence of nitrification; an anoxic zone for denitrification occurrence; an aerated suspended growth zone with a high presence of organic carbon; and an additional aerated suspended growth zone with a high ammonia concentrations environment. The CSASC’s removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) were respectively 94±4 % and 53±12%; whereas CSASM’s efficiencies were 88±7% for COD and 92±7% for TAN. Concentrations of TAN and NO3 --N in the CSASC’s final effluent were 14.3±5.2 and 5.0±2.9 mg×L-1; and 4.8±4.4 and 9.1±5.8 mg×L-1 in the CSASM’s final effluent. Results demonstrated that the proposed configuration obtained higher nitrogen removal efficiencies than traditional CSAS.</p>
El proceso de comprensión en el análisis de datos cualitativos en educación
Authors: Medina-Moya José Luis 
Published: September 2015

Este artículo de reflexión se deriva de la investigación “El conocimiento profesional del profesorado universitario: procesos de construcción y transferencia a la práctica docente”. Se plantea que, si bien existen diversos procedimientos para desarrollar el análisis de datos cualitativos en Educación, todavía conocemos poco acerca del proceso mediante el cual los investigadores asignan sentido a los datos y construyen sus conclusiones. Este trabajo pretende arrojar luz a ese proceso y mostrar el papel de las asunciones de trasfondo del investigador en dicho análisis. Con tal fin, en primer lugar, se describe cómo la noción de comprensión se ha construido en el campo de la Hermenéutica y luego se presentan sus implicaciones metodológicas.
Policy analysis research in higher education: negotiating dilemmas
Authors: Barnett Ronald , Parry Gareth 
Published: September 2015

Increasingly, qualitative research is funded by agencies – whether government or national agencies or in the private sector – that have a direct interest in the research that they are funding. Especially in qualitative research in such situations, methodological issues arise but so too do dilemmas, both in the actual conduct of the study and in the writing and the positioning of ensuing texts (for example, in relation to value neutrality and value commitment, in doing justice to the multiple and conflicting interests of various constituencies and in steering among competing ideologies). Here, in this paper, such dilemmas are brought out in an account of a study conducted in the UK in the 1990s, to review and to evaluate the UK’s then quality assurance system.
Uniendo investigación, política y práctica educativas: DBR, desafíos y oportunidades
Authors: Romero-Ariza Marta 
Published: September 2015

Este artículo de fundamentación teórica y reflexión describe la metodología de investigación enfocada al diseño, conocida como Educational Design Research o Designed Based Research (DBR) y señala su carácter participativo, intervencionista y orientado a la resolución de problemas prácticos y al desarrollo de principios y teorías de diseño. Además, propone cuáles son los criterios de calidad aplicables a las investigaciones que siguen esta metodología y sus desafíos. Por último, presenta a la DBR como un instrumento adecuado para establecer puentes transformadores entre la investigación, la práctica y la política educativa.
Las historias de ciudades en algunos arquitectos colombianos. Una aproximación a los fundamentos de la historia urbana
Authors: Martínez Cleves Félix Raúl Eduardo 
Published: September 2015

<p>El presente artículo hace un balance de la historiografía construida especialmente desde la arquitectura, luego de que la Academia Colombiana de Historia cesara en su interés por hacer historias de ciudades al finalizar la década de 1930. Para ello, se utilizará un repertorio de autores, constituido por algunos de los más importantes arquitectos del siglo xx, que además de pensar las urbes en sus aspectos físicos también lo hicieron respecto de sus pasados. En este sentido, este texto busca aportar a la comprensión de la historia urbana actual, y de manera muy parcial a la historia urbanística y de la arquitectura, aunque estas últimas correspondan a otro texto por razones de espacio. Se entiende, igualmente, que la producción intelectual en estos campos sigue siendo dominada por arquitectos o centros de investigación en los que dichos profesionales cuentan con notable injerencia.</p>
Cooperación para el desarrollo, relaciones internacionales y políticas públicas. Teorías y prácticas del diálogo euro-latinoamericano
Authors: Herrera Chaves Benjamín 
Published: September 2015

Tres elementos, entre otros, le otorgan a la obra del profesor Carlo Tassara una importancia actual y futura entre las obras académicas publicadas en Colombia y con proyección latinoamericana: 1). una aproximación histórico-teórica a la cooperacióninternacional, particularmente entre los Estados y las sociedades desarrolladas y sus interlocutores en el denominado (aún hoy) Tercer Mundo; 2) una mirada panorámica,pero profunda sobre las características del funcionamiento de la estructura de la Unión Europea, en tanto que unidad política; y 3) una proyección sobre los derroteros que puede tomar la cooperación internacional y particularmente la denominada sur-sur y las posibilidades de triangulación que ofrece.
Diez tesis sobre el cambio político discontinuo en las políticas públicas medioambientales; Desde los costes de transacción y la complejidad de formulación en el caso de la Política Pesquera Común de la Unión Europea
Authors: Gomis Balestreri Miguel 
Published: September 2015

Las políticas públicas son hoy día insuficientementeambiciosas para revertir el daño medioambiental que genera el hombre. La mayoría de la literatura sobre el cambio en las políticas públicas analiza sus alicientes pero no sus limitantes. En este texto elaboramos una reflexión sobre el policy change desde la noción de los costes de transacción. Tras una revisión de los tres enfoques principales del desarrollo sostenible,de la modernización y democratización ecológicas, pasamos a enunciar diez tesis sobre el papel de los costes de transacción en el policy change a partir del caso de la Política pesquera común de la Unión Europea.
Políticas petroleras y la maldición de los recursos en Colombia y Ecuador
Authors: Rodríguez García Orlando 
Published: September 2015

El mundo espera que los países petroleros crezcan más rápido. Sin embargo, se observa lo contrario. Esa es la maldición de los recursos, que genera volatilidad económica (Auty, 2009). Algunos académicosaseguran que las instituciones eficientes evitan la maldición (Robinson, Torvik y Verdier, 2006). Otros autores niegan la incidencia de las instituciones (Warner y Sachs, 1995). Este artículopresenta los hallazgos principales de una investigación, que aplica un método comparativo para indagar ¿hasta qué punto la eficiencia institucionalayuda a Colombia y Ecuador a adoptar políticas petroleras, que conduzcan a un crecimientoeconómico estable? Se encontró evidencia de la maldición en las dos economías. Sin embargo,el impacto en Colombia fue menor porque experimentó una transformación institucional, mientras que Ecuador fue debilitado en su ambienteinstitucional. Colombia experimentó un crecimiento económico más estable.
Technical Note: Simulation of 4DCT tumor motion measurement errors
Authors: Dou Tai H. , Thomas David H. , O'Connell Dylan , Bradley Jeffrey D. , Lamb James M. , Low Daniel A. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose:To determine if and by how much the commercial 4DCT protocols under‐ and overestimate tumor breathing motion.Methods:1D simulations were conducted that modeled a 16‐slice CT scanner and tumors moving proportionally to breathing amplitude. External breathing surrogate traces of at least 5‐min duration for 50 patients were used. Breathing trace amplitudes were converted to motion by relating the nominal tumor motion to the 90th percentile breathing amplitude, reflecting motion defined by the more recent 5DCT approach. Based on clinical low‐pitch helical CT acquisition, the CT detector moved according to its velocity while the tumor moved according to the breathing trace. When the CT scanner overlapped the tumor, the overlapping slices were identified as having imaged the tumor. This process was repeated starting at successive 0.1 s time bin in the breathing trace until there was insufficient breathing trace to complete the simulation. The tumor size was subtracted from the distance between the most superior and inferior tumor positions to determine the measured tumor motion for that specific simulation. The effect of the scanning parameter variation was evaluated using two commercial 4DCT protocols with different pitch values. Because clinical 4DCT scan sessions would yield a single tumor motion displacement measurement for each patient, errors in the tumor motion measurement were considered systematic. The mean of largest 5% and smallest 5% of the measured motions was selected to identify over‐ and underdetermined motion amplitudes, respectively. The process was repeated for tumor motions of 1–4 cm in 1 cm increments and for tumor sizes of 1–4 cm in 1 cm increments.Results:In the examined patient cohort, simulation using pitch of 0.06 showed that 30% of the patients exhibited a 5% chance of mean breathing amplitude overestimations of 47%, while 30% showed a 5% chance of mean breathing amplitude underestimations of 36%; with a separate simulation using pitch of 0.1 showing, respectively, 37% overestimation and 61% underestimation.Conclusions:The simulation indicates that commercial low‐pitch helical 4DCT processes potentially yield large tumor motion measurement errors, both over‐ and underestimating the tumor motion.
Configurable Domain Objects for Resource Modelling in Treatment Scheduling
Authors: Schneeweiss Denny , Hofstedt Petra 
Published: September 2015

This paper presents the concept and realization of configurable resource models as extension of a treatment scheduling system for users in the medical sector. Our approach aims to ease the handling of automated treatment scheduling by domain experts without the immediate assistance of IT-experts. Configurable resource models were integrated into our automated treatment planning system for medical facilities and support a user-friendly configuration of resources such as specialized treatment rooms, medical devices, or medical staff. In our approach, treatment process models are defined in the BPMN workflow-language by the domain experts. The new concept of configurable resource models allows the end-user to interactively describe the available resources in their environment. These descriptions (i.e. configurable resource objects or CDOs) can then be linked to activities specified in the treatment models. Together, CDOs and the BPMN treatment models are automatically transformed into CSPs, i.e. mathematical descriptions which can be solved by constraint solvers, thus yielding optimal treatment plans.
Aquatic and terrestrial locomotor performance of juvenile three-keeled pond turtles acclimated to different temperatures
Authors: Xu Chunxia , Dang Wei , Luo Laigao , Lu Hongliang 
Published: September 2015

Locomotion is important for behaviors such as foraging and predator avoidance, and is influenced by temperature in ectotherms. To investigate this in turtles, we acclimated juvenile Chinese three-keeled pond turtles,Chinemys reevesii, under three thermal conditions for four weeks. Subsequently, we measured three locomotor performances (swimming, running, and righting) at different test temperatures. Overall, swimming and running speeds of turtles increased with increasing test temperature in the range of 13-33°C and decreased at higher test temperatures, whereas righting time decreased with increasing test temperature in the range of 13-33°C and slightly increased at higher test temperatures. Acclimation temperature affected both swimming and running speeds, with the high temperature-acclimated turtles swimming and running faster than low temperature-acclimated turtles, but it did not affect righting performance. From the constructed thermal performance curves, between-group differences were found in the estimated maximal speed (swimming and running) and optimal temperature, but not in the performance breadth. Juvenile turtles acclimated to relatively warm temperatures had better performances than those acclimated to cool temperatures, supporting the “hotter is better” hypothesis. A similar acclimatory change was found during aquatic and terrestrial locomotion in juvenileC. reevesii. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that animals from less thermally variable environments should have a greater acclimatory ability than those from more variable environments, because turtles were acclimated under aquatic environments with no thermal variability.
Analytical performance of a point-of-care device in monitoring patients on oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists
Authors: Sen Indrani , Stephen Edwin , Agarwal Sunil , Rebekah Grace , Nair Sukesh Chandran 
Published: September 2015

Background [Please check the following sentence for clarity: “Point-of-care devices measuring international normalized ratio have clinical appeal, reports of ‘off-label’ in-hospital/primary care use report improved time to intervention/dose adjustment.”]Point-of-care devices measuring international normalized ratio have clinical appeal, reports of ‘off-label’ in-hospital/primary care use report improved time to intervention/dose adjustment. We evaluated the accuracy and precision of a device for such multiple patient use compared to a reference laboratory. Methods The point-of-care international normalized ratio result of patients on oral anticoagulation at the Vascular Surgery clinic was compared to the reference to check for statistical and clinical correlation. This was a prospective case–control study design with sample size calculated for sensitivity of 87.5%, precision 5% and desired confidence level 95%. Results There were 168 patients tested; 55% were male, the mean age was 45.4. Sixty per cent were in the target international normalized ratio range. Tests were done for statistical and clinical correlation. The international normalized ratio range using the point-of-care device was 0.8–7.5 (reference lab 0.8–10), mean international normalized ratio was 2.22 ± 1.6 (point-of-care device) compared to 2.46 ± 1.3 (reference lab). The mean absolute difference was 0.79 ± 0.92 and the mean relative difference was 8.1% ± 1.03. Data was analysed using a Bland–Altman plot yielding a mean of 0.738 (standard deviation 0.92). Concordance between the tests was 75% with r2 = 0.52 on linear regression. Using an error grid plot, excellent clinical correlation was seen in 63.8%. In 5.4% major corrective action was needed but potentially missed if relying on the point-of-care device. Conclusion The accuracy and precision of this point-of-care device is moderate. It may have potential utility only where access to a reference lab is difficult.
Safety and efficacy of regional citrate anticoagulation in continuous venovenous hemodialysis in the presence of liver failure: the Liver Citrate Anticoagulation Threshold (L-CAT) observational study
Authors: Slowinski Torsten , Morgera Stanislao , Joannidis Michael , Henneberg Thomas , Stocker Reto , Helset Elin , Andersson Kirsti , Wehner Markus , Kozik-Jaromin Justyna , Brett Sarah , Hasslacher Julia , Stover John F. , Peters Harm , Neumayer Hans-H. , Kindgen-Milles Detlef 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) for continuous renal replacement therapy is widely used in intensive care units (ICUs). However, concern exists about the safety of citrate in patients with liver failure (LF). The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of RCA in ICU patients with varying degrees of impaired liver function.

Methods
In a multicenter, prospective, observational study, 133 patients who were treated with RCA and continuous venovenous hemodialysis (RCA-CVVHD) were included. Endpoints for safety were severe acidosis or alkalosis (pH ≤7.2 or ≥7.55, respectively) and severe hypo- or hypercalcemia (ionized calcium ≤0.9 or ≥1.5 mmol/L, respectively) of any cause. The endpoint for efficacy was filter lifetime. For analysis, patients were stratified into three predefined liver function or LF groups according to their baseline serum bilirubin level (normal liver function ≤2 mg/dl, mild LF >2 to ≤7 mg/dl, severe LF >7 mg/dl).

Results
We included 48 patients with normal liver function, 43 with mild LF, and 42 with severe LF. LF was predominantly due to ischemia (39 %) or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (27 %). The frequency of safety endpoints in the three patient strata did not differ: severe alkalosis (normal liver function 2 %, mild LF 0 %, severe LF 5 %; p = 0.41), severe acidosis (normal liver function 13 %, mild LF 16 %, severe LF 14 %; p = 0.95), severe hypocalcemia (normal liver function 8 %, mild LF 14 %, severe LF 12 %; p = 0.70), and severe hypercalcemia (0 % in all strata). Only three patients showed signs of impaired citrate metabolism. Overall filter patency was 49 % at 72 h. After censoring for stop of the treatment due to non-clotting causes, estimated 72-h filter survival was 96 %.

Conclusions
RCA-CVVHD can be safely used in patients with LF. The technique yields excellent filter patency and thus can be recommended as first-line anticoagulation for the majority of ICU patients.

Trial registration
ISRCTN Registry identifier: ISRCTN92716512. Date assigned: 4 December 2008.
Quantitative Introduction of Perfluoroalkyl Groups to Poly(diphenylacetylene) Membranes via Three-step Membrane Reaction Including Click Reaction and Their Gas Permeability
Authors: Sato Takashi , Teraguchi Masahiro , Kiuchi Motohiro , Kaneko Takashi , Aoki Toshiki 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Poly(diphenylacetylene) membranes having perfluoroalkyl groups were quantitatively synthesized via a three-step membrane reaction, that is, desilylation (the 1st step), Williamson reaction (the 2nd step), and Click reaction (the 3rd step). The conversions of the all reactions were confirmed by IR spectra and elemental analysis. Even though the reactions were carried out in membrane state, the conversions were fairly high. These high conversions are attributed to high swelling property of poly(diphenylacetylenes), including the extremely large fractional free volume. The gas permeability and thermal property of the perfluoroalkylated poly(diphenylacetylene) membranes were investigated.
Intracellular Dynamics of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome-System
Authors: Chowdhury Maisha , Enenkel Cordula 
Published: September 2015

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is the major degradation pathway for short-lived proteins in eukaryotic cells. Targets of the ubiquitin-proteasome-system are proteins regulating a broad range of cellular processes including cell cycle progression, gene expression, the quality control of proteostasis and the response to geno- and proteotoxic stress. Prior to degradation, the proteasomal substrate is marked with a poly-ubiquitin chain. The key protease of the ubiquitin system is the proteasome. In dividing cells, proteasomes exist as holo-enzymes composed of regulatory and core particles. The regulatory complex confers ubiquitin-recognition and ATP dependence on proteasomal protein degradation. The catalytic sites are located in the proteasome core particle. Proteasome holo-enzymes are predominantly nuclear suggesting a major requirement for proteasomal proteolysis in the nucleus. In cell cycle arrested mammalian or quiescent yeast cells, proteasomes deplete from the nucleus and accumulate in granules at the nuclear envelope (NE) / endoplasmic reticulum ( ER) membranes. In prolonged quiescence, proteasome granules drop off the nuclear envelopeNE / ER membranes and migrate as droplet-like entitiesstable organelles throughout the cytoplasm, as thoroughly investigated in yeast. When quiescence yeast cells are allowed to resume growth, proteasome granules clear and proteasomes are rapidly imported into the nucleus.Here, we summarize our knowledge about the enigmatic structure of proteasome storage granules and the trafficking of proteasomes and their substrates between the cyto- and nucleoplasm.Most of our current knowledge is based on studies in yeast. Their translation to mammalian cells promises to provide keen insight into protein degradation in non-dividing cells, which comprise the majority of our body’s cells.