bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Belchite, entre lieu de mémoire et lieu de reconnaissance (1937-2013)
Authors: Michonneau Stéphane 
Published: September 2015

Belchite est un village martyr de la guerre civile espagnole qui présente la singularité d’avoir été conservé en ruines depuis 1938, premier cas d’espèce en Europe. Il offre un formidable observatoire de la relation complexe que les Espagnols ont noué avec le conflit civil et sa longue après-guerre. Il illustre également les contradictions des politiques mémorielles développées pendant la transition démocratique et, plus récemment, de la vague mémorielle qui a submergé le pays. Au-delà d’un éclairage inédit sur ces politiques, le cas permet d’évaluer les modes d’articulation des mémoires individuelles ou familiales et de la « mémoire historique », conduisant à infirmer l’idée d’une opposition radicale entre ces deux niveaux.
Le culte de la mort dans l’« État nouveau » espagnol (1936-1941)
Authors: Sevillano Calero Francisco 
Published: September 2015

Cet article examine comment la légitimation de l’« État nouveau » en Espagne fut fondée sur la guerre, dès l’été 1936. Celle-ci fut présentée comme bellum iustum , apportant une causa justa à la rébellion militaire, conduite par le don et la grâce charismatiques de son Caudillo Francisco Franco, et défendue par le sang des « martyrs » et de ceux tombés au combat ( caídos ) pour la patrie. Une fois installée dans la durée, elle devait s’achever par la destruction totale de l’ennemi, sa dévalorisation morale et sa déshumanisation. La propagation de ces représentations a forgé une culture de guerre, constitutive de l’identité collective de l’España nacional, opposée à l’anti-Espagne. Dans la construction de cette culture de guerre, l’institutionnalisation du culte de la mort ainsi que le transfert d’éléments dogmatiques, liturgiques et rituels du christianisme à la politique furent essentiels.
DNA Motif Databases and Their Uses
Authors: Stormo Gary D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences. The specificity of a TF is usually represented as a position weight matrix (PWM). Several databases of DNA motifs exist and are used in biological research to address important biological questions. This overview describes PWMs and some of the most commonly used motif databases, as well as a few of their common applications. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Protein Function Prediction: Problems and Pitfalls
Authors: Pearson William R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe characterization of new genomes based on their protein sets has been revolutionized by new sequencing technologies, but biologists seeking to exploit new sequence information are often frustrated by the challenges associated with accurately assigning biological functions to newly identified proteins. Here, we highlight some of the challenges in functional inference from sequence similarity. Investigators can improve the accuracy of function prediction by (1) being conservative about the evolutionary distance to a protein of known function; (2) considering the ambiguous meaning of “functional similarity,” and (3) being aware of the limitations of annotations in functional databases. Protein function prediction does not offer “one‐size‐fits‐all” solutions. Prediction strategies work better when the idiosyncrasies of function and functional annotation are better understood. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Modular, DNA‐Based Beacon for Single‐Step Fluorescence Detection of Antibodies and Other Proteins
Authors: Ranallo Simona , Rossetti Marianna , Plaxco Kevin W. , Vallée‐Bélisle Alexis , Ricci Francesco 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA versatile platform for the one‐step fluorescence detection of both monovalent and multivalent proteins has been developed. This system is based on a conformation‐switching stem–loop DNA scaffold that presents a small‐molecule, polypeptide, or nucleic‐acid recognition element on each of its two stem strands. The steric strain associated with the binding of one (multivalent) or two (monovalent) target molecules to these elements opens the stem, enhancing the emission of an attached fluorophore/quencher pair. The sensors respond rapidly (<10 min) and selectively, enabling the facile detection of specific proteins even in complex samples, such as blood serum. The versatility of the platform was demonstrated by detecting five bivalent proteins (four antibodies and the chemokine platelet‐derived growth factor) and two monovalent proteins (a Fab fragment and the transcription factor TBP) with low nanomolar detection limits and no detectable cross‐reactivity.
Iridium(I)/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Hybrid Materials: Surface Stabilization of Low‐Valent Iridium Species for High Catalytic Hydrogenation Performance
Authors: Romanenko Iuliia , Gajan David , Sayah Reine , Crozet Delphine , Jeanneau Erwan , Lucas Christine , Leroux Lénaic , Veyre Laurent , Lesage Anne , Emsley Lyndon , Lacôte Emmanuel , Thieuleux Chloé 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn IrI(NHC)‐based hybrid material was prepared using a methodology which allowed the precise positioning and isolation of the Ir centers along the pore channels of a silica framework. The full characterization of the material by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy showed that the supported Ir sites were stabilized by the silica surface, as low‐coordinated single‐site complexes. The material is extremely efficient for the hydrogenation of functional alkenes. The catalytic performance (TOF and TON) is one to two orders of magnitude higher than those of their molecular Ir analogues, and could be related to the prevention of the bimolecular deactivation of Ir complexes observed under homogeneous conditions.
Ligand‐Controlled Regiodivergent Copper‐Catalyzed Alkylboration of Alkenes
Authors: Su Wei , Gong Tian‐Jun , Lu Xi , Xu Meng‐Yu , Yu Chu‐Guo , Xu Zheng‐Yang , Yu Hai‐Zhu , Xiao Bin , Fu Yao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA novel copper‐catalyzed regiodivergent alkylboration of alkenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron and alkyl halides has been developed. The regioselectivity of the alkylboration was controlled by subtle differences in the ligand structure. The reaction thus enables the practical, regiodivergent synthesis of two different alkyl boronic esters with complex structures from a single alkene.
Micromotor‐Based Biomimetic Carbon Dioxide Sequestration: Towards Mobile Microscrubbers
Authors: Uygun Murat , Singh Virendra V. , Kaufmann Kevin , Uygun Deniz A. , de Oliveira Severina D. S. , Wang Joseph 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe describe a mobile CO2 scrubbing platform that offers a greatly accelerated biomimetic sequestration based on a self‐propelled carbonic anhydrase (CA) functionalized micromotor. The CO2 hydration capability of CA is coupled with the rapid movement of catalytic micromotors, and along with the corresponding fluid dynamics, results in a highly efficient mobile CO2 scrubbing microsystem. The continuous movement of CA and enhanced mass transport of the CO2 substrate lead to significant improvements in the sequestration efficiency and speed over stationary immobilized or free CA platforms. This system is a promising approach to rapid and enhanced CO2 sequestration platforms for addressing growing concerns over the buildup of greenhouse gas.
Catalytic Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Benzoates without Activating ortho Substituents
Authors: Tang Jie , Biafora Agostino , Goossen Lukas J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe restriction of decarboxylative cross‐coupling reactions to ortho‐substituted or heterocyclic carboxylate substrates was overcome by holistic optimization of a bimetallic Cu/Pd catalyst system. The combination of a CuI/Me4phen decarboxylation catalyst and a [(MeCN)4Pd](OTf)2/XPhos cross‐coupling catalyst enables the synthesis of biaryls from inexpensive aryl chlorides and potassium benzoates regardless of their substitution pattern.
Redox and Coordination Behavior of the Hexaphosphabenzene Ligand in [(Cp*Mo)2(μ,η6:η6‐P6)] Towards the “Naked” Cations Cu+, Ag+, and Tl+
Authors: Fleischmann Martin , Dielmann Fabian , Gregoriades Laurence J. , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Virovets Alexander V. , Huber Sebastian , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Balázs Gábor , Scheer Manfred 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough the cyclo‐P6 complex [(Cp*Mo)2(μ,η6:η6‐P6)] (1) was reported 30 years ago, little is known about its chemistry. Herein, we report a high‐yielding synthesis of 1, the complex 2, which contains an unprecedented cyclo‐P10 ligand, and the reactivity of 1 towards the “naked” cations Cu+, Ag+, and Tl+. Besides the formation of the single oxidation products 3 a,b which have a bisallylic distorted cyclo‐P6 middle deck, the [M(1)2]+ complexes are described which show distorted square‐planar (M=Cu(4 a), Ag(4 b)) or distorted tetrahedral coordinated (M=Cu(5)) M+ cations. The choice of solvent enabled control over the reaction outcome for Cu+, as proved by powder XRD and supported by DFT calculations. The reaction with Tl+ affords a layered two‐dimensional coordination network in the solid state.
Network Monitoring of Adhesion/Growth‐Regulatory Galectins: Localization of the Five Canonical Chicken Proteins in Embryonic and Maturing Bone and Cartilage and Their Introduction as Histochemical Tools
Authors: Kaltner Herbert , Singh Tanuja , Manning Joachim C. , Raschta Anne‐Sarah , André Sabine , Sinowatz Fred , Gabius Hans‐Joachim 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTDivergence from an ancestral gene leads to a family of homologous proteins. Whether they are physiologically distinct, similar, or even redundant is an open question in each case. Defining profiles of tissue localization is a step toward giving diversity a functional meaning. Due to the significance of endogenous sugar receptors (lectins) as effectors for a wide range of cellular activities we have focused on galectins. The comparatively low level of network complexity constituted by only five canonical proteins makes chicken galectins (CGs) an attractive choice to perform comprehensive analysis, here studied on bone/cartilage as organ system. Galectin expression was monitored by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry using non‐cross‐reactive antibodies. Overall, three galectins (CG‐1B, CG‐3, CG‐8) were present with individual expression patterns, one was found exclusively in the mesenchyme (CG‐1A), the fifth (CG‐2) not being detectable. The documented extents of separation are a sign for functional divergence; in cases with overlapping stainings, as for example in the osteoprogenitor layer or periosteum, cooperation may also be possible. Recombinant production enabled the introduction of the endogenous lectins as tools for binding‐site localization. Their testing revealed developmental regulation and cell‐type‐specific staining. Of relevance for research on mammalian galectins, this study illustrates that certain cell types can express more than one galectin, letting functional interrelationships appear likely. Thus, complete network analysis irrespective of its degree of complexity is mandatory. Anat Rec, 298:2051–2070, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photochemical Generation of a C5′‐Uridinyl Radical
Authors: Shaik Raziya , Ellis Matthew W. , Starr Matthew J. , Amato Nicholas J. , Bryant‐Friedrich Amanda C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIt has been postulated that sugar radicals and related species are involved in oxidative events involving RNA. To determine the contribution, if any, of these species to the deleterious effects of the endogenous exposome, it is important to unambiguously identify their degradation products. C5′‐Pivaloyl uridine was successfully synthesized and subsequently photolytically converted to a C5′‐uridinyl radical. Generation of the radical under anaerobic conditions in the presence of glutathione led to the formation of the expected reduction product, uridine. However, regardless of the presence or absence of reductant, the base elimination product, uracil, was also observed. Mass balances and product distributions were dependent upon the pH of the photolysis mixture. At low pH, trapping with glutathione successfully competed with base loss. These results indicate that this precursor should function efficiently in an investigation of the fate of the C5′‐uridinyl radical in RNA oligomers.
Copper(I/II), α/β‐Synuclein and Amyloid‐β: Menage à Trois?
Authors: De Ricco Riccardo , Valensin Daniela , Dell'Acqua Simone , Casella Luigi , Hureau Christelle , Faller Peter 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCopper binding to α‐synuclein (aS) and to amyloid‐β (Ab) has been connected to Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease (AD), respectively, because Cu ions can modulate the peptide aggregation, and these Cu⋅peptide complexes can catalyse the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In a significant proportion of AD brains, aggregation of aS and Ab has been detected, and it was proposed that Ab and aS interact with each other. Thus, we investigated the potential interactions of Ab and aS through their binding of copper(I) and copper(II). Additionally, β‐synuclein (bS) was investigated, due to its additional methionine residue, a potential CuI ligand. We found that: 1) the peptides containing the Cu‐binding domains Ab1–16, aS1–15 and bS1–15 have similar affinities towards CuII and towards CuI, with Ab1–16 being slightly stronger, 2) in the case of CuI, the additional Met residue in bS1–15 increased the affinity slightly, 3) the exchange of CuI/II between the two peptides is rapid (≤ms), 4) a/bS1–15 and Ab1–16 form a heterodimeric complex with CuII, 5) CuI probably promotes a transient ternary complex, 6) the different CuI/II coordination of Ab1–16, aS1–15 and bS1–15 impacts the capacity to produce ROS and to oxidise catechol, and 7) when Ab1–16, aS1–15 and Cu are present, the ROS production more closely resembles that by Ab1–16. The work gives insights into the coordination chemistry of these related peptides, and the relevance of coordination differences, the ternary complex and ROS production are discussed.
Flexibility versus Rigidity for Orally Bioavailable Cyclic Hexapeptides
Authors: Nielsen Daniel S. , Lohman Rink‐Jan , Hoang Huy N. , Hill Timothy A. , Jones Alun , Lucke Andrew J. , Fairlie David P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCyclic peptides and macrocycles have the potential to be membrane permeable and orally bioavailable, despite often not complying with the “rule of five” used in medicinal chemistry to guide the discovery of oral drugs. Here we compare solvent‐dependent three‐dimensional structures of three cyclic hexapeptides containing d‐amino acids, prolines, and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Conformational rigidity rather than flexibility resulted in higher membrane permeability, metabolic stability and oral bioavailability, consistent with less polar surface exposure to solvent and a reduced entropy penalty for transition between polar and nonpolar environments.
In Situ X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy of a Palladium Catalyst for the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide: Leaching and Reduction of the Metal Phase in the Presence of Bromide Ions
Authors: Centomo Paolo , Meneghini Carlo , Sterchele Stefano , Trapananti Angela , Aquilanti Giuliana , Zecca Marco 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFor the first time a Pd catalyst for the direct synthesis (DS) of H2O2from H2and O2was investigated using in situ Pd K‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The catalyst was loaded into a continuous reaction cell and fed at room temperature and pressure with a mixture of CO2, O2, H2(86:10:4, v/v), and methanol. Pd and PdO phases are observed in similar and steady proportions (62 and 28 %, respectively). The same is found if the catalyst is either dry or treated with pure methanol only. With 10 ppm of NaBr in the reaction mixture both the Pd edge jump and the fraction of PdO decrease steadily during the DS. This shows that Br−ions promote both the leaching and the reduction of Pd in a monometallic DS catalyst. It also suggests that they are connected to each other and to the ability of Br−ions to promote Pd in the DS. An unprecedented mechanism of protection and remediation supported by Br−ions against the overoxidation of Pd is proposed and discussed in this context.
Biomass‐Derived Hierarchical Nanoporous Carbon with Rich Functional Groups for Direct‐Electron‐Transfer‐Based Glucose Sensing
Authors: Zhong Xiaoling , Yuan Weiyong , Kang Yuejun , Xie Jiale , Hu Fangxin , Li Chang Ming 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGlucose oxidase (GOD) is immobilized, for the first time, on a hierarchical nanoporous carbon (HNC) with rich functional groups by carbonizing a biomass derivation extracted from green tree leaves on a nanostructured CaCO3 template at high temperature, which exhibits fast electrooxidation for glucose and direct electron transfer (DET) when using the GOD catalyst on the new carbon support, delivering 6 and 12 times higher kinetic currents for electrochemical glucose sensing without additional electron mediators compared to commercial activated carbon and conventional hierarchical nanoporous carbon, respectively. The appearance of multiple surface heteroatom functional groups, such as amines, amides and thiols, which remain when the biomass is carbonized, rather than surface hydrophilicity, is associated with the appearance of facile direct electrochemistry processes, thus offering a new insight into DET for inexpensive and highly sensitive enzymatic sensors.
Cyclometalated Ruthenium(II) Anthraquinone Complexes Exhibit Strong Anticancer Activity in Hypoxic Tumor Cells
Authors: Zeng Leli , Chen Yu , Huang Huaiyi , Wang Jinquan , Zhao Donglei , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHypoxia is the critical feature of the tumor microenvironment that is known to lead to resistance to many chemotherapeutic drugs. Six novel ruthenium(II) anthraquinone complexes were designed and synthesized; they exhibit similar or superior cytotoxicity compared to cisplatin in hypoxic HeLa, A549, and multidrug‐resistant (A549R) tumor cell lines. Their anticancer activities are related to their lipophilicity and cellular uptake; therefore, these physicochemical properties of the complexes can be changed by modifying the ligands to obtain better anticancer candidates. Complex 1, the most potent member of the series, is highly active against hypoxic HeLa cancer cells (IC50=0.53 μM). This complex likely has 46‐fold better activity than cisplatin (IC50=24.62 μM) in HeLa cells. This complex tends to accumulate in the mitochondria and the nucleus of hypoxic HeLa cells. Further mechanistic studies show that complex 1 induced cell apoptosis during hypoxia through multiple pathways, including those of DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the inhibition of DNA replication and HIF‐1α expression, making it an outstanding candidate for further in vivo studies.
Studies on Pidotimod Enantiomers With Chiralpak‐IA: Crystal Structure, Thermodynamic Parameters and Molecular Docking
Authors: Dou Xiaorui , Su Xin , Wang Yue , Chen Yadong , Shen Weiyang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPidotimod, a synthetic dipeptide, has two chiral centers with biological and immunological activity. Its enantiomers were characterized by x‐ray crystallographic analysis. A chiral stationary phase (CSP) Chiralpak‐IA based on amylose derivatized with tris‐(3, 5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate) was used to separate pidotimod enantiomers. The mobile phase was prepared in a ratio of 35:65:0.2 of methyl‐tert‐butyl‐ether and acetonitrile trifluoroaceticacid. In addition, thermodynamics and molecular docking methods were used to explain the enantioseparation mechanism by Chiralpak‐IA. Thermodynamic studies were carried out from 10 to 45 °C. In general, both retention and enantioselectivity decreased as the temperature increased. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that the interaction force between the pidotimod enantiomer (4S, 2'R) and IA CSP is stronger and their complex model is more stable. According to GOLD molecular docking simulation, Van der Waals force is the leading cause of pidotimod enantiomers separation by IA CSP. Chirality 27:802–808, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environment‐Sensitive Behavior of DCNP in Solvents with Different Viscosity, Polarity and Proticity
Authors: Morawski Olaf , Kozankiewicz Boleslaw , Miniewicz Andrzej , Sobolewski Andrzej L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA pyrazoline derivative, 3‐(1,1‐dicyanoethenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole (DCNP), is studied by using optical spectroscopy methods in several solvents at room and at low temperatures. The DCNP molecule reveals a complex photophysics behavior, which is sensitive to solvent polarity, proticity, temperature and viscosity and arises from the presence of two rotational degrees of freedom of the dicyanovinyl group—the torsion around the double C=C bond and the s‐trans–s‐cis isomerization around the single C−C bond—that differently behave in various environmental conditions. The fluorescence yield of a few percent and sub‐nanosecond decay times observed at room temperature make the compound useful for optical studies of liquid environments. The proticity of polar solvents can be detected with two‐exponential fluorescence decays. At low temperatures, DCNP can be used as solvent viscosity or temperature fluorescent sensor.
Game‐theoretic auction design for bandwidth sharing in helper‐assisted P2P streaming
Authors: Mostafavi Seyedakbar , Dehghan Mehdi 
Published: September 2015

SummaryVideo traffic offloading through the helper peers can significantly alleviate the server workload and enhance users' quality of experience. In this paper, the complex interactions of a number of helpers seeking to trade their bandwidth surplus in a peer‐to‐peer market are studied using non‐cooperative game theory and double auction. In particular, a non‐cooperative game is formulated among the helpers in which each helper can make a decision on the maximum amount of upload bandwidth surplus that it is willing to sell so as to maximize its utility function that reflects the tradeoff between the benefits from bandwidth sharing and its associated costs. Then, the price governing the bandwidth trading market between the helpers and peers is determined via a truthful double auction mechanism. To solve the game, an algorithm based on the best response dynamics is proposed using which helpers can reach a Nash equilibrium point. Simulation results exhibit that the proposed algorithm achieves significant performance improvements in terms of utility per selling helpers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.