bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is There a Role for Genetic Testing in Sports?
Authors: Camporesi Silvia , McNamee Michael J 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

The last 15 years have witnessed a boom of genetic tests for sport performance. They relate to both the ability to predict athletes at higher risks for specific injuries, and to the ability to predict athletic talent. They raise scientific and ethical issues related to confidentiality, conflict of interest of the sports physician, informed consent in children and the possible infringement on the athlete's autonomy. We distinguish here genetic tests for injury prevention in four cases: (1) concussion‐related traumatic brain injuries; (2) sudden‐cardiac arrest‐related conditions; (3) overexertion complications related to the sickle‐cell anaemia trait; (4) Achilles tendinopathies and anterior crucial ligament ruptures. In addition, we discuss direct‐to‐consumer genetic tests for athletic performance prediction in children. We argue that although the former kind of genetic tests has utility, within the bounds of specified limitations, the latter is both ethically and scientifically problematic.

Key Concepts:

Genetic tests, whether administered by a doctor or as a direct‐to‐consumer product, cannot accurately predict an individual's predisposition to a greater risk of concussion, and should not be used in deciding whether or not athletes should return to play after a traumatic brain injury.

Genetic testing can play an important role in evaluating an athlete's risk of sudden cardiac‐arrest‐related conditions and could be included in rigorous preparticipatory screenings, but they should not be used as the basis for mandatory exclusion of individuals from participation in professional sports as that would constitute an infringement of their autonomy.

Genetic screening for sickle cell anaemia trait is able to identify individuals at higher risk of developing possibly fatal overexertion complications on the field of play. The mandatory genetic screening for the sickle cell trait as that put in place by NCAA should make sure not to discriminate against carriers of the trait and, in particular, not to target African‐Americans where the prevalence of the trait is higher. The NCAA should consider extending the screening to student athletes of all Divisions.

Genetic tests for an athlete's predisposition to Achilles tendinopathies and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries can and should be incorporated in a multifactorial risk model for the prediction of individuals at higher risk of this kind of injuries and for personalised training and prevention, but it should be noted that this kind of tests are not diagnostic in nature and that other nongenetic factors should always be taken into account in the prediction of individuals at a higher risk of developing injuries of Achilles tendon and ACL.

DTC genetic tests claiming to be able to predict athletic performance or athletic potential make overstated marketing claims and should not be taken seriously. In addition, they raise specific problems of informed consent in children, and of confidentiality and informed consent when used in the context of professional sports medicine.
Virophage Concept, The
Authors: Gaia Morgan , Colson Philippe , Desnues Christelle , La Scola Bernard 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

The existence of small viruses that depend on the coinfection of their host cells by another virus has been known for a long time. These viruses are considered to be satellites of their helper viruses. The discovery of Sputnik, Mavirus and the Organic Lake virophage shook this vision of subviral agents. Indeed, these new viruses are not only dependent on coinfection but are also noxious for their so‐called host viruses, leading to sick particles. This surprising capability established the concept of a virophage, which is a virus infecting a virus. Studies on the morphology, life cycle and genomes of virophages have enriched this concept by highlighting unexpected features. Thus, the question of the classification of the virophages among the satellite viruses within the virosphere has been brought to light.

Key Concepts:

Virophages are small viruses discovered to be associated with the largest viruses of the virosphere.

As satellite viruses, virophages are dependent on coinfection of their host cells with their host viruses.

This coinfection results in the lysis of the cell, diminution of the production and infectivity of the host virus and an increase in the production of abnormal particles of the giant virus.

The virophages may hijack the replication mechanisms of their host viruses within their host cells.

Virophage replication occurs in the viral factory, a dense cytoplasmic region that appears a few hours after infection by the host virus with or without its virophage.
Li‐Doped Cr2MnO4: A New p‐Type Transparent Conducting Oxide by Computational Materials Design
Authors: Peng Haowei , Zakutayev Andriy , Lany Stephan , Paudel Tula R. , d'Avezac Mayeul , Ndione Paul F. , Perkins John D. , Ginley David S. , Nagaraja Arpun R. , Perry Nicola H. , Mason Thomas O. , Zunger Alex 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTo accelerate the design and discovery of novel functional materials, here, p‐type transparent conducting oxides, an inverse design approach is formulated, integrating three steps: i) articulating the target properties and selecting an initial pool of candidates based on “design principles”, ii) screening this initial pool by calculating the “selection metrics” for each member, and iii) laboratory realization and more‐detailed theoretical validation of the remaining “best‐of‐class” materials. Following a design principle that suggests using d55 cations for good p‐type conductivity in oxides, the Inverse Design approach is applied to the class of ternary Mn(II) oxides, which are usually considered to be insulating materials. As a result, Cr2MnO4 is identified as an oxide closely following “selection metrics” of thermodynamic stability, wide‐gap, p‐type dopability, and band‐conduction mechanism for holes (no hole self‐trapping). Lacking an intrinsic hole‐producing acceptor defect, Li is further identified as a suitable dopant. Bulk synthesis of Li‐doped Cr2MnO4 exhibits at least five orders of magnitude enhancement of the hole conductivity compared to undoped samples. This novel approach of stating functionality first, then theoretically searching for candidates that merits synthesis and characterization, promises to replace the more traditional non‐systematic approach for the discovery of advanced functional materials.
Silver‐Catalyzed Stereoselective [3+2] Cycloadditions of Cyclopropyl‐Indanimines with Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Hung Hsiao‐Hua , Liao Yi‐Ching , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSilver‐catalyzed stereoselective [3+2] cycloadditions between mono‐substituted cyclopropyl‐indanimines and aldehydes are reported. The stereochemical course of the reaction is rationalized with a cyclic transition state. The resulting indanimine cycloadducts are not readily hydrolyzed unless external aldehydes are present with the silver catalyst. Notably, this hydrolysis process leads to a change of stereochemistry for the resulting indanone products.
Preparation of Optically Enriched 3‐Hydroxy‐3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones by Heterogeneous Catalytic Cascade Reaction over Supported Platinum Catalyst
Authors: Szőllősi György , Makra Zsolt , Kovács Lenke , Fülöp Ferenc , Bartók Mihály 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe development of a novel heterogeneous catalytic asymmetric cascade reaction for the synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines from 2‐nitrophenylpyruvates is reported. Optically enriched 3‐hydroxy‐3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones are prepared by enantioselective hydrogenation of the activated keto group over a Cinchona alkaloid‐modified Pt catalyst, reduction of the nitro group and spontaneous cyclization cascade. Acceleration of the enantioselective hydrogenation of the activated keto group over the catalyst modified by Cinchona alkaloids ensured high tetrahydroquinolinone selectivities. The scope of the reaction was checked using twelve substrates. Both yields and enantioselectivities were significantly influenced by the nature and position of the substituents on the phenyl ring. Substituents adjacent to the nitro group considerably increased the product yield, due to their effect on the nitro group′s reduction rate; however, had only a limited effect on enantioselectivities.
Directed Magnesiation of Polyhaloaromatics using the Tetramethylpiperidylmagnesium Reagents TMP2Mg⋅2 LiCl and TMPMgCl⋅LiCl
Authors: Unsinn Andreas , Rohbogner Christoph J. , Knochel Paul 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA convenient and efficient functionalization of polyhaloaromatics via regioselective magnesiation has been developed. Starting from simple, inexpensive but structurally challenging arenes, metallation by magnesium amide bases was achieved under mild conditions. The desired Grignard reagents were stable towards aryne formation, were obtained in good yields within short reaction times and could be reacted with a variety of typical electrophiles, providing attractive, functionalized building blocks in good to excellent yields. As an application we have prepared the antimicrobial natural product 2,6‐dichloro‐3‐phenethylphenol isolated from the New Zealand liverwort Riccardia marginata. This synthesis involves a mixed bimetallic compound prepared via metallation of a phenylboronic acid pinacol ester derivative and subsequent selective cross‐coupling.
Effect of Polymerization Conditions on Reaction Yield, Conductivity, and Ammonia Sensing of Polyaniline
Authors: Navarchian Amir H. , Hasanzadeh Zahra , Joulazadeh Mehrnaz 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the preparation of polyaniline (PANI) via a rapid mixing method in which a nanosheet (nanoflake) structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The microstructures of acid‐ and ammonia‐dedoped PANI samples were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of polymerization conditions (time and temperature of reaction, monomer/oxidant ratio, and acid type) on the polymerization yield, electrical conductivity, and ammonia‐sensing performance of PANI‐based sensors were investigated using a Taguchi experimental design. It was found that acid type has the most significant effect on polymerization yield and ammonia‐sensing property of PANI. The conductivity of PANI films was mostly influenced by reaction time, reaction temperature, and acid type, respectively. Some interesting behaviors were observed for influential factors that have been comprehensively justified. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2013, 32, 21356; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21356
Cysts of the maxillary sinus: a literature review
Authors: Giotakis Evangelos I. , Weber Rainer K. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundPatients with isolated mucosal cysts of the maxillary sinus (MMC) often undergo surgical treatment despite the absence of relevant symptoms. Some physicians believe that MMC might increase in size and cause complications in the future. The anticipated value of this study is to consolidate and improve the understanding of MMC based on published data and to contribute to avoiding unnecessary interventions.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive review of the literature regarding definition, etiology, epidemiology, natural course, and best treatment of MMC.ResultsAmong the 988 papers found in the literature search, 33 studies were selected to be relevant. Among those studies, there are only a few prospective controlled studies. Their prevalence rates range broadly from 3.6% to 35.6% according to different diagnostic methods as well as different indications for imaging. Recent prospective studies showed no correlation of MMC with sinonasal complaints or Lund‐Mackay computed tomography (CT) score. The natural course is characterized by a decrease in size of MMC in 30% of the cases, an unchanged status in 50% to 60%, and an increase in 8% to 20% of the cases.ConclusionMMC are harmless, mostly asymptomatic lesions that usually do not need surgical treatment. If surgery is indicated, endonasal endoscopic techniques should be the gold‐standard approach.
Insights into the binding of paclitaxel to human serum albumin: multispectroscopic studies
Authors: Yang Xiuli , Ye Zuowu , Yuan Yong , Zheng Zaoqian , Shi Jiana , Ying Yin , Huang Ping 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe interaction of paclitaxel with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied using fluorescence, resonance light scattering, ultraviolet‐visible, circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at pH 7.4. Fluorescence data revealed that the fluorescence quenching of HSA by paclitaxel was a static quenching procedure. Time‐resolved fluorescence data also confirmed the quenching mode, which present a constant decay time of about 5 ns. The binding sites were approximately 1 and the binding constant suggested a weak association (324/M at 298 K), which is helpful for the release of the drug to targeted organs. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔG○, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated as – 1.06 × 104 J/mol, 361 J/mol per K and 9.7 × 104 J/mol respectively at 298 K, suggesting that binding was spontaneous and was driven mainly by hydrophobic interactions. The binding distance between HSA and paclitaxel was determined to be 2.23 nm based on the Förster theory. Analysis of circular dichroism, ultraviolet‐visible, three‐dimensional fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared and resonance light scattering spectra demonstrated that HSA conformation was slightly altered in the presence of paclitaxel and dimension of the individual HSA molecules were larger after interacting with paclitaxel. These results were confirmed by a molecular docking study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compressed images for affinity prediction (CIFAP): a study on predicting binding affinities for checkpoint kinase 1 protein inhibitors
Authors: Erdas Ozlem , Andac Cenk A. , Selen Gurkan‐Alp A. , Alpaslan Ferda Nur , Buyukbingol Erdem 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAnalyses of known protein–ligand interactions play an important role in designing novel and efficient drugs, contributing to drug discovery and development. Recently, machine learning methods have proven useful in the design of novel drugs, which utilize intelligent techniques to predict the outcome of unknown protein–ligand interactions by learning from the physical and geometrical properties of known protein–ligand interactions. The aim of this study is to work through a specific example of a novel computational method, namely compressed images for affinity prediction (CIFAP), in which binding affinities for structurally related ligands in complexes with human checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) are predicted. The CIFAP algorithm presented here relates published pIC 50 values of 57 compounds, derived from a thienopyridine pharmacophore, in complexes with CHK1 to their two‐dimensional (2D) electrostatic potential images compressed in orthogonal dimensions. Patterns obtained from the 2D images are then used as inputs in regression and learning algorithms such as support vector regression (SVR) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) methods to validate the experimental pIC 50 values. This study revealed that the 2D image pixels in the vicinity of bound ligand surfaces provide more relevant information to make correlations with the empirical pIC 50 values. As compared with ANFIS, SVR gave rise to the lowest root mean square errors and the greatest correlations, suggesting that SVR could be a plausible choice of machine learning methods in predicting binding affinities by CIFAP. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of primary care on breast cancer mortality and incidence among Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Fisher Kate J. , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Ferrante Jeanne M. , McCarthy Ellen P. , Gonzalez Eduardo C. , Chen Ren , Love‐Jackson Kymia , Roetzheim Richard G. 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUNDPrimary care physician (PCP) services may have an impact on breast cancer mortality and incidence, possibly through greater use of screening mammography.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective, 1:1 matching case‐control study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare–linked database to examine use of PCP services and their association with breast cancer mortality and incidence. SEER cases representing the 3 outcomes of interest (breast cancer mortality, all‐cause mortality among women diagnosed with breast cancer, and breast cancer incidence) were matched to unaffected controls from the 5% Medicare random sample. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine associations between physician visits and breast cancer outcomes while controlling for other covariates.RESULTSWomen who had 2 or more PCP visits during the 24‐month assessment interval had lower odds of breast cancer mortality, all‐cause mortality, and late‐stage breast cancer diagnosis compared with women who had no PCP visits or 1 PCP visit while adjusting for other covariates, including mammography and non‐PCP visits. Women who had 5 to 10 PCP visits had 0.69 times the odds of breast cancer mortality (95% confidence interval, 0.63‐0.75), 0.83 times the odds of death from any cause having been diagnosed with breast cancer (95% confidence interval, 0.79‐0.87), and 0.67 times the odds of a late‐stage breast cancer diagnosis (95% confidence interval, 0.61‐0.73) compared with those who had no PCP visits or 1 PCP visit.CONCLUSIONSThe current findings suggest that PCPs play an important role in reducing breast cancer mortality among the Medicare population. Further research is needed to better understand the impact of primary care on breast cancer and other cancers that are amendable to prevention or early detection. Cancer 2013;119:2964‐72. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Methods, quality control and specimen management in an international multicentre investigation of type 1 diabetes: TEDDY
Authors: Vehik Kendra , Fiske Steven W. , Logan Chad A. , Agardh Daniel , Cilio Corrado M. , Hagopian William , Simell Olli , Roivainen Merja , She Jin‐Xiong , Briese Thomas , Oikarinen Sami , Hyoty Heikki , Ziegler Anette‐G. , Rewers Marian , Lernmark Ake , Akolkar Beena , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Burkhardt Brant R. ,   The TEDDY Study Group
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe vast array and quantity of longitudinal samples collected in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study present a series of challenges in terms of quality control procedures and data validity. To address this, pilot studies have been conducted to standardize and enhance both biospecimen collection and sample obtainment in terms of autoantibody collection, stool sample preservation, RNA, biomarker stability, metabolic biomarkers and T‐cell viability.Research Design and MethodsThe Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young is a multicentre, international prospective study (n = 8677) designed to identify environmental triggers of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in genetically at‐risk children from ages 3 months until 15 years. The study is conducted through six primary clinical centres located in four countries.ResultsAs of May 2012, over three million biological samples and 250 million total data points have been collected, which will be analysed to assess autoimmunity status, presence of inflammatory biomarkers, genetic factors, exposure to infectious agents, dietary biomarkers and other potentially important environmental exposures in relation to autoimmunity and progression to T1D.ConclusionsDetailed procedures were utilized to standardize both data harmonization and management when handling a large quantity of longitudinal samples obtained from multiple locations. In addition, a description of the available specimens is provided that serve as an invaluable repository for the elucidation of determinants in T1D focusing on autoantibody concordance and harmonization, transglutaminase autoantibody, inflammatory biomarkers (T‐cells), genetic proficiency testing, RNA lab internal quality control testing, infectious agents (monitoring cross‐contamination, virus preservation and nasal swab collection validity) and HbA1c testing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Terminal Alkylphosphanylidene Organo­tantalum(V) Complexes
Authors: Grundmann Anne , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Lönnecke Peter , Frank René , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe first terminal organometallic alkylphosphanylidenetantalum(V) complexes [Cp*Ta{1,2‐(NSiMe3)2C6H4}(PR)] were obtained with cyclohexyl (2) and isopropyl groups (3) at phosphorus, whereas adamantyl and tert‐butyl substituents resulted in the formation of the paramagnetic tantalum(IV) complex [Cp*Ta{1,2‐(NSiMe3)2C6H4}Cl] (4). DFT studies showed that the terminal cyclohexyl and isopropyl phosphanylidene complexes are stable towards dimerization and dissociation.
Preorganised Dipeptide Mimics as Foldamer Building Blocks
Authors: Castellucci Nicola , Tomasini Claudia 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPreorganised dipeptide mimics containing a 3,4‐disubstituted oxazolidin‐2‐one, a flexible methylene group, and a 1,4‐disubstituted triazole have been prepared in a few steps and high yield by copper‐catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The combination of these three moieties allows the formation of a new dipeptide mimic that favours the formation of bent conformations, as we could demonstrate by IR and ROESY analysis.
Recipe for β‐Sheets: Foldamers Containing Amyloidogenic Peptide Sequences
Authors: Spencer Ryan , Chen Kevin H. , Manuel Gerald , Nowick James S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper describes a new class of macrocyclic peptides that fold to form β‐sheet structures. These macrocyclic β‐sheets consist of a peptide sequence strand linked through two δ‐linked ornithine turn units to a peptide template strand containing a single N‐methyl amino acid. The macrocycles were readily prepared from commercially available amino acids by solid‐phase peptide synthesis followed by solution‐phase cyclization. 1H NMR spectroscopic studies showed that macrocycles containing amyloidgenic pentapeptide sequences from amyloid β‐peptide, tau protein, the B‐chain of insulin, and human prion protein fold to form β‐sheet structures.
Cuprate Addition to a 6‐Substituted Pentafulvene – Preparation of sec‐Alkyl‐Substituted Titanocene Dichlorides and Their Biological Activity
Authors: Cini Melchior , Bradshaw Tracey D. , Lewis William , Woodward Simon 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe copper‐catalysed (10 mol‐% CuBr·SMe2, CuCN·LiCl or CuI/PPh3) addition of RMgBr to the pentafulvene 1‐(cyclopenta‐2,4‐dien‐1‐ylidenemethyl)‐2‐methoxybenzene allows the formation of cyclopentadienyl derivatives with α‐CHR(2‐MeOPh) sidechains (R = Me, Et, nBu, iBu, allyl, Ph) without H– transfer. The deprotonation of these sec‐alkyl‐substituted cyclopentadienyls followed by the addition of TiCl4 allows the isolation of TiCl2{η5‐C5H4CHR(2‐OMePh)} as rac/meso mixtures that show activity against human colon, breast and pancreatic cell lines (GI50 2.3–42.4 μM).
Biofuel Cell Operating in Vivo in Rat
Authors: Castorena‐Gonzalez Jorge A. , Foote Christopher , MacVittie Kevin , Halámek Jan , Halámková Lenka , Martinez‐Lemus Luis A. , Katz Evgeny 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBiocatalytic electrodes made of buckypaper were modified with PQQ‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase on the anode and with laccase on the cathode. The enzyme modified electrodes were assembled in a biofuel cell which was first characterized in human serum solution and then the electrodes were placed onto exposed rat cremaster tissue. Glucose and oxygen dissolved in blood were used as the fuel and oxidizer, respectively, for the implanted biofuel cell operation. The steady‐state open circuitry voltage of 140±30 mV and short circuitry current of 10±3 µA (current density ca. 5 µA cm−2 based on the geometrical electrode area of 2 cm2) were achieved in the in vivo operating biofuel cell. Future applications of implanted biofuel cells for powering of biomedical and sensor devices are discussed.