bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precocious sexual signalling and mating in Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) sterile males achieved through juvenile hormone treatment and protein supplements
Authors: Liendo M.C. , Devescovi F. , Bachmann G.E. , Utgés M.E. , Abraham S. , Vera M.T. , Lanzavecchia S.B. , Bouvet J.P. , Gómez-Cendra P. , Hendrichs J. , Teal P.E.A. , Cladera J.L. , Segura D.F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSexual maturation of Anastrepha fraterculus is a long process. Methoprene (a mimic of juvenile hormone) considerably reduces the time for sexual maturation in males. However, in other Anastrepha species, this effect depends on protein intake at the adult stage. Here, we evaluated the mating competitiveness of sterile laboratory males and females that were treated with methoprene (either the pupal or adult stage) and were kept under different regimes of adult food, which varied in the protein source and the sugar:protein ratio. Experiments were carried out under semi-natural conditions, where laboratory flies competed over copulations with sexually mature wild flies. Sterile, methoprene-treated males that reached sexual maturity earlier (six days old), displayed the same lekking behaviour, attractiveness to females and mating competitiveness as mature wild males. This effect depended on protein intake. Diets containing sugar and hydrolyzed yeast allowed sterile males to compete with wild males (even at a low concentration of protein), while brewer´s yeast failed to do so even at a higher concentration. Sugar only fed males were unable to achieve significant numbers of copulations. Methoprene did not increase the readiness to mate of six-day-old sterile females. Long pre-copulatory periods create an additional cost to the management of fruit fly pests through the sterile insect technique (SIT). Our findings suggest that methoprene treatment will increase SIT effectiveness against A. fraterculus when coupled with a diet fortified with protein. Additionally, methoprene acts as a physiological sexing method, allowing the release of mature males and immature females and hence increasing SIT efficiency.
Current immunity markers in insect ecological immunology: assumed trade-offs and methodological issues
Authors: Moreno-García M. , Córdoba-Aguilar A. , Condé R. , Lanz-Mendoza H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe field of ecological immunology currently relies on using a number of immune effectors or markers. These markers are usually used to infer ecological trade-offs (via conflicts in resource allocation), though physiological nature of these markers remains elusive. Here, we review markers frequently used in insect evolutionary ecology research: cuticle darkening, haemocyte density, nodule/capsule formation, phagocytosis and encapsulation/melanization via use of nylon filaments and beads, phenoloxidase activity, nitric oxide production, lysozyme and antimicrobial peptide production. We also provide physiologically based information that may shed light on the probable trade-offs inferred when these markers are used. In addition, we provide a number of methodological suggestions to improve immune marker assessment.
Larval morphology, development and forensic importance ofSynthesiomyia nudiseta(Diptera: Muscidae) in Europe: a rare species or just overlooked?
Authors: Velásquez Y. , Ivorra T. , Grzywacz A. , Martínez-Sánchez A. , Magaña C. , García-Rojo A. , Rojo S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe muscidSynthesiomyia nudiseta(van der Wulp, 1883) is a species with forensic importance in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This fly has recently been introduced into southern Europe and, until now, had not been recorded in forensic cases in this region. Here, morphology of all larval instars ofS. nudisetais documented in detail by using a combination of light and scanning electron microscopy. Literature data concerning larval morphology are revised and characters allowing identification from other forensically important Muscidae are listed. The life cycle of this species was studied at four constant temperatures: 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C. Total development varied between 46.50 ± 0.97 days at 15 °C and 15.39 ± 0.32 days at 30 °C. Moreover, we report this species breeding in human corpses, for the first time in Europe, in forensic cases from autopsies at the Anatomical Forensic Institute of Madrid and the Institute of Legal Medicine of Alicante, Spain.
Is there a link between faulting and magmatism in the south-central Aegean Sea?
Authors: KOKKALAS S. , AYDIN A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA distinct spatial relationship between surface faulting, magmatic intrusions and volcanic activity exists in the Aegean continental crust. In this paper, we provide detailed structural observations from key onshore areas, as well as compilations of lineament maps and earthquake locations with focal plane solutions from offshore areas to support such a relationship. Although pluton emplacement was associated with low-angle extensional detachments, the NNE- to NE-trending strike-slip faults also played an important role in localizing the Middle Miocene plutonism, providing ready pathways to deeper magma batches, and controlling the late-stage emplacement and deformation of granites in the upper crust. Additionally, the linear arrangements of volcanic centres, from the Quaternary volcanoes along the active South Aegean Volcanic Arc, are controlled primarily by NE-trending faults and secondarily by NW-trending faults. These volcanic features are located at several extensional settings, which are associated with the main NE-trending faults, such as (i) in the extensional steps or relay zones between strike-slip and oblique-normal fault segments, (ii) at the overlap zones between oblique-normal faults associated with an extensional strike-slip duplex and (iii) at the tip zone of a NE-trending divergent dextral strike-slip zone. The NE trend of volcano-tectonic features, such as volcanic cone alignments, concentration of eruptive centres, hydrothermal activity and fractures, indicates the significant role of tectonics in controlling fluid and magma pathways in the Aegean upper crust. Furthermore, microseismicity and focal mechanisms of earthquakes in the area confirm the activity and present kinematics of these NE- trending faults.
South American Tours: Work Relations in the Entertainment Market in South America
Authors: Schettini Cristiana 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThis article explores the relationships between young European women who worked in the growing entertainment market in Argentine and Brazilian cities, and the many people who from time to time came under suspicion of exploiting them for prostitution. The international travels of young women with contracts to sing or dance in music halls, theatres, and cabarets provide a unique opportunity to reflect on some of the practices of labour intermediation. Fragments of their experiences were recorded by a number of Brazilian police investigations carried out in order to expel “undesirable” foreigners under the Foreigners Expulsion Act of 1907. Such sources shed light on the work arrangements that made it possible for young women to travel overseas. The article discusses how degrees of autonomy, violence, and exploitation in the artists’ work contracts were negotiated between parties at the time, especially by travelling young women whose social experiences shaped morally ambiguous identities as artists, prostitutes, and hired workers.
Temporary Labour Migration and State-Run Recruitment of Foreign Workers in Europe, 1919–1975: A New Migration Regime?
Authors: Rass Christoph 
Published: August 2012

SummaryTemporary labour migration was one of the characteristic phenomena of human mobility in Europe during the twentieth century. The predominant answer in several European countries to the growing economic demand for an external labour supply on the one hand, and political demands to limit the numbers of foreign workers and to protect the native workforce from the competition of “cheap” migrant labour on the other, was a growing direct and active involvement of the nation state in regulatory efforts and recruitment operations abroad. Besides bureaucratic organizations on a national level, bilateral recruitment agreements – starting in their modern form in 1919 – became the most important tool to regulate labour migration between two countries. This article takes a look at the evolving system of bilaterally fixed migration relations in Europe and its implications for sending and receiving countries as well as for the labour migrants involved. It argues that the network of bilateral recruitment agreements provided controlled and selective migration channels in Europe between the 1950s and 1970s. These agreements installed and protected certain minimum standards to migrants and led to a general improvement of the rights and conditions offered to temporary labour migrants in Europe.
Labour Brokers in Migration: Understanding Historical and Contemporary Transnational Migration Regimes in Malaya/Malaysia
Authors: Kaur Amarjit 
Published: August 2012

SummaryLabour brokerage and its salient role in the mobility of workers across borders in Asia has been the subject of recent debate on the continuing usefulness of intermediaries in labour mobility and migration processes. Some researchers believe that labour brokerage will decline with the expansion of migrant networks, resulting in reduced transaction costs and a better deal for migrant workers. From an economic standpoint, however, reliance on brokers does not appear to have a “use-by date” in south-east Asia. Labour brokers have played an important role in organizing and facilitating officially authorized migration, particularly during the contemporary period. They undertake marketing and recruitment tasks, finance migrant workers’ travel, and enable transnational labour migration to take place. Consequently, both sending and destination states have been able to concentrate on their role as regulatory “agencies”, managing migration and ensuring compliance with state regulatory standards and providing labour protection. Private recruitment firms have simultaneously focused on handling the actual recruitment and placement of migrant workers. Notwithstanding this, the division of responsibilities in the migration regimes has also led to uncontrolled migration and necessitated intervention by the state during both periods. These interventions mirror the ethos of the times and are essential for understanding past and present political environments and transnational labour migration in south-east Asia.
Reversal of Young's procedure in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Oozeer N B , Bingham B J 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground:Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is an autosomal dominant condition characterised by multiple venous malformations of the skin and mucous membranes which can bleed on contact. A Young's procedure is used to control severe epistaxis in patients with this condition. However, there has been no previous report of a reversal of Young's procedure in such a patient.Objective:A patient with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia had his Young's procedure reversed under general anaesthetic by dividing the mucocutaneous flaps. Nasal vestibule patency was maintained using a custom-made silicone nasal mould. Intra-operative photographs show the patient's nasal mucosa shortly following reversal of his Young's procedure, and also illustrate the creation of the custom-made nasal mould.Conclusion:Stopping airflow through the nasal cavity via a Young's procedure prevents the telangiectasia from bleeding but does not make them disappear completely. Young's procedure does not seem to have any long-lasting effect on the nasal mucosa of patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Plasma-driven Z-pinch X-ray loading and momentum coupling in meteorite and planetary materials
Authors: REMO JOHN L. , FURNISH MICHAEL D. , LAWRENCE R. JEFFERY 
Published: August 2012

AbstractX-ray momentum coupling coefficients, CM, were determined by measuring stress waveforms in planetary materials subjected to impulsive radiation loading from the Sandia National Laboratories Z-machine. Velocity interferometry (VISAR) diagnostics provided equation-of-state data. Targets were iron and stone meteorites, magnesium-rich olivine (dunite) solid and powder (~5–300 μm), and Si, Al, and Fe calibration targets. Samples were ~1-mm thick and, except for Si, backed by LiF single-crystal windows. X-ray spectra combined thermal radiation (blackbody 170–237 eV) and line emissions from pinch materials (Cu, Ni, Al, or stainless steel). Target fluences of 0.4–1.7 kJ/cm2 at intensities of 43–260GW/cm2 produced plasma pressures of 2.6–12.4 GPa. The short (~5 ns) drive pulses gave rise to attenuating stress waves in the samples. The attenuating wave impulse is constant, allowing accurate CM measurements from rear-surface motion. CM was 1.9 − 3.1 × 10−5 s/m for stony meteorites, 2.7 and 0.5 × 10−5 s/m for solid and powdered dunite, 0.8 − 1.4 × 10−5 s/m for iron meteorites, and 0.3, 1.8, and 2.7 × 10−5 s/m respectively for Si, Fe, and Al calibration targets. Results are consistent with geometric scaling from recent laser hohlraum measurements. CTH hydrocode modeling of X-ray coupling to porous silica corroborated experimental measurements and supported extrapolations to other materials. CTH-modeled CM for porous materials was low and consistent with experimental results. Analytic modeling (BBAY) of X-ray radiation-induced momentum coupling to selected materials was also performed, often producing higher CM values than experimental results. Reasons for the higher values include neglect of solid ejecta mechanisms, turbulent mixing of heterogeneous phases, variances in heats of melt/vaporization, sample inhomogeneities, wave interactions at the sample/window boundary, and finite sample/window sizes. The measurements validate application of CM to (inhomogeneous) planetary materials from high-intensity soft X-ray radiation.
Ion-exchange protocol to obtain antigenic fractions with potential for serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis
Authors: GONZAGA H. T. , VILA-VERDE C. , NUNES D. S. , RIBEIRO V. S. , CUNHA-JÚNIOR J. P. , COSTA-CRUZ J. M. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to fractionate and partially characterize the antigenic extract of filariform larvae ofStrongyloides venezuelensisin ion-exchange resin diethylaminoethyl sepharose (DEAE), to obtain antigenic fractions potentially applicable in immunoassays. Somatic antigen (SA) and its fractions DEAE S1 and DEAE S2 - which interacted with the resin - were evaluated by 1-dimensional electrophoresis to obtain protein profiles. SA and its fractions were tested in serum samples for IgG detection by ELISA. Serum samples (n = 155) were analysed: 50 from strongyloidiasis patients (G1), 55 from patients with other parasitic infections (G2) and 50 from healthy volunteers. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), area under curve (AUC) and likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated. The DEAE S2 fraction provided a high diagnostic value for IgG detection (Se 92·0%, Sp 91·4%, AUC 0·981, LR+ 10·75, LR − 0·09). In conclusion, the DEAE S2 fraction would probably be a source of immunodominant polypeptides for IgG detection in human strongyloidiasis serodiagnosis.
Position-invariant letter identification is a key component of any universal model of reading
Authors: Bowers Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA universal property of visual word identification is position-invariant letter identification, such that the letter “A” is coded in the same way in CAT and ACT. This should provide a fundamental constraint on theories of word identification, and, indeed, it inspired some of the theories that Frost has criticized. I show how the spatial coding scheme of Colin Davis (2010) can, in principle, account for contrasting transposed letter (TL) priming effects, and at the same time, position-invariant letter identification.
Developing a universal model of reading necessitates cracking the orthographic code
Authors: Davis Colin J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractI argue, contra Frost, that when prime lexicality and target density are considered, it is not clear that there are fundamental differences between form priming effects in Semitic and European languages. Furthermore, identifying and naming printed words in these languages raises common theoretical problems. Solving these problems and developing a universal model of reading necessitates “cracking” the orthographic input code.
Bringing development into a universal model of reading
Authors: Deacon S. Hélène 
Published: August 2012

AbstractReading development is integral to a universal model of reading. Developmental research can tell us which factors drive reading acquisition and which are the product of reading. Like adult research, developmental research needs to be contextualised within the language and writing system and it needs to include key cross-linguistic evaluations. This will create a universal model of reading development.
Universals of reading: Developmental evidence for linguistic plausibility
Authors: Goswami Usha 
Published: August 2012

AbstractChildren's reading and spelling errors show that orthographic learning involves complex interactions with phonology, morphology, and meaning throughout development. Even young children seek to make their visual word recognition strategies linguistically coherent. Orthographic knowledge gained through spelling affects reading, and vice versa. Developmental data support Frost's claim that letter-coding flexibility reflects the optimization of encoding resources in a highly developed system.
Orthographic processing is universal; it's what you do with it that's different
Authors: Norris Dennis , Kinoshita Sachiko 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe agree with Frost that the variety of orthographies in the world's languages complicates the task of “cracking the orthographic code.” Frost suggests that orthographic processing must therefore differ between orthographies. We suggest that the same basic orthographic processes are applied to all languages. Where languages differ is in what the reader must do with the results of orthographic processing.
Perceptual uncertainty is a property of the cognitive system
Authors: Perea Manuel , Carreiras Manuel 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe qualify Frost's proposals regarding letter-position coding in visual word recognition and the universal model of reading. First, we show that perceptual uncertainty regarding letter position is not tied to European languages – instead it is a general property of the cognitive system. Second, we argue that a universal model of reading should incorporate a developmental view of the reading process.
Vision, development, and bilingualism are fundamental in the quest for a universal model of visual word recognition and reading
Authors: Pitchford Nicola J. , van Heuven Walter J. B. , Kelly Andrew N. , Zhang Taoli , Ledgeway Timothy 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe agree with many of the principles proposed by Frost but highlight crucial caveats and report research findings that challenge several assertions made in the target article. We discuss the roles that visual processing, development, and bilingualism play in visual word recognition and reading. These are overlooked in all current models, but are fundamental to any universal model of reading.
Beyond one-way streets: The interaction of phonology, morphology, and culture with orthography
Authors: Beveridge Madeleine E. L. , Bak Thomas H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFrost's claim that universal models of reading require linguistically diverse data is relevant and justified. We support it with evidence demonstrating the extent of the bias towards some Indo-European languages and alphabetic scripts in scientific literature. However, some of his examples are incorrect, and he neglects the complex interaction of writing system and language structure with history and cultural environment.
Are there universals of reading? We don't believe so
Authors: Coltheart Max , Crain Stephen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThere are universals of language; but is it also true, as the target article claims, that there are universals of reading? We believe there are no such universals, and invite others to refute our claim by providing a list of some universals of reading. If there are no universals of reading, there cannot be a universal model of reading.
Visual word recognition models should also be constrained by knowledge about the visual system
Authors: Gomez Pablo , Silins Sarah 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFrost's article advocates for universal models of reading and critiques recent models that concentrate in what has been described as “cracking the orthographic code.” Although the challenge to develop models that can account for word recognition beyond Indo-European languages is welcomed, we argue that reading models should also be constrained by general principles of visual processing and object recognition.
Beyond isolated word recognition
Authors: Liversedge Simon P. , Blythe Hazel I. , Drieghe Denis 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this commentary we concur with Frost's view of the centrality of universal principles in models of word identification. However, we argue that other processes in sentence comprehension also fundamentally constrain the nature of written word identification. Furthermore, these processes appear to be universal. We, therefore, argue that universality in word identification should not be considered in isolation, but instead in the context of other linguistic processes that occur during normal reading.
Towards a universal neurobiological architecture for learning to read
Authors: Szwed Marcin , Vinckier Fabien , Cohen Laurent , Dehaene Stanislas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLetter-position tolerance varies across languages. This observation suggests that the neural code for letter strings may also be subtly different. Although language-specific models remain useful, we should endeavor to develop a universal model of reading acquisition which incorporates crucial neurobiological constraints. Such a model, through a progressive internalization of phonological and lexical regularities, could perhaps converge onto the language-specific properties outlined by Frost.
Writing systems: Not optimal, but good enough
Authors: Seidenberg Mark S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLanguages and writing systems result from satisfying multiple constraints related to learning, comprehension, production, and their biological bases. Orthographies are not optimal because these constraints often conflict, with further deviations due to accidents of history and geography. Things tend to even out because writing systems and the languages they represent exhibit systematic trade-offs between orthographic depth and morphological complexity.