bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Activity of Young Men is Not Related to Their Anthropometric Parameters
Authors: Rurik Imre , Varga Attila , Fekete Ferenc , Ungvári Timea , Sándor János 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Many articles have been written about the deterioration of male sexual function, mainly in relation to metabolic diseases and aging. With younger men, unless they have a complaint, sexual issues are rarely discussed during medical consultations. No articles could be found about anthropometric parameters as factors potentially influencing sexual performance.

Aim
The aim of this study was to find the anthropometric parameters with the closest correlation with sexual activity.

Main Outcome Measures
Main outcome measures included self-reported weekly intercourses, age, body weight and height, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference.

Methods
Data for 531 heterosexual men aged 20–54 years were collected in three andrological centers. Past and recent morbidity, medications, and some lifestyle elements were recorded; anthropometric parameters were measured; and andrological examination was performed. The average weekly number of intercourses was asked confidentially.

Results
The mean weekly coital frequency (±SD) was 2.55 ± 1.08. The highest self-reported weekly coital frequency was recorded for men between the ages of 25 and 29 (3.02 ± 1.27). Coital frequency was higher among men with a height of less than 175 cm (2.69 ± 1.24), weight of less than 78 kg (2.74 ± 1.18), normal BMI (2.74 ± 1.16), normal waist circumference (2.69 ± 1.19), and no metabolic disease (2.57 ± 1.11). Logistic regression described an inverse, statistically significant association between age and coital frequency, with the following odds ratios for coital frequency (ORcf): ORcf≥2 = 0.932, P &lt; 0.001; ORcf≥2.5 = 0.935, P &lt; 0.001; ORcf≥3 = 0.940, P &lt; 0.001; ORcf≥3.5 = 0.965, P = 0.041. Among men who reported a coital frequency of more than 3.5 times a week, waist circumference (ORcf≥3.5 = 0.986, P = 0.066) showed borderline association with lower sexual activity, while lesser height (ORcf≥3.5 = 0.951, P = 0.005) was associated with higher activity.

Conclusion
In this study's age range, none of the examined anthropometric parameters was perfectly correlated with sexual activity. Obesity and metabolic diseases can cause all types of sexual function to deteriorate in older age, whereas their effects may not yet be prominent at younger ages (below 45 years). Health promotion for all ages should focus on prevention of obesity so as to improve quality of life and sexual health.
Cytokine Concentrations in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Great Danes with Cervical Spondylomyelopathy
Authors: Martin‐Vaquero P. , da Costa R.C. , Moore S.A. , Gross A.C. , Eubank T.D. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundChronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of human cervical spondylotic myelopathy and could also play a role in cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine concentrations would differ between clinically normal (control) and CSM‐affected Great Danes (GDs), with affected GDs showing higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1/chemokine ligand 2 (MCP‐1/CCL2).AnimalsClient‐owned GDs: 15 control, 15 CSM‐affected.MethodsProspective study. Dogs underwent cervical vertebral column magnetic resonance imaging and collection of CSF from the cerebellomedullary cistern. Cytokine concentrations were measured using a commercially available canine multiplex immunoassay. Cytokine concentrations were compared between groups. Associations with the administration of anti‐inflammatory medications, disease duration and severity, severity of spinal cord (SC) compression, and SC signal changes were investigated in affected GDs.ResultsAffected GDs had significantly lower MCP‐1/CCL2 (mean 138.03 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 114.85–161.20) than control GDs (212.89 pg/mL, 95% CI = 165.68–260.11, P = .028). In affected GDs, MCP‐1/CCL2 concentrations correlated inversely with the severity of SC compression. There were no associations with administration of anti‐inflammatory medications, disease duration, or disease severity. IL‐6 concentrations were significantly higher (2.20 pg/mL, 95% CI = 1.92–2.47, P < .001) in GDs with SC signal changes.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceLower MCP‐1/CCL2 in CSM‐affected GDs might compromise clearance of axonal and myelin debris, delay axon regeneration, and affect recovery. Higher IL‐6 in CSM‐affected GDs with SC signal changes suggests more severe inflammation in this group.
Association between Aortoseptal Angle in Golden Retriever Puppies and Subaortic Stenosis in Adulthood
Authors: Belanger M.C. , Côté E. , Beauchamp G. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundPredicting subaortic stenosis (SAS) in adult Golden Retriever dogs (GRs) by evaluating them as puppies is hampered by the progressive expression of theSASphenotype in youth. In some children who developSASas adults, an abnormal aortoseptal angle (AoSA) precedes development of stenosis.ObjectivesTo determine the normal AoSAin young adultGRs using echocardiography; to assess the value of AoSAinGRpuppies for predicting development of theSASphenotype.AnimalsForty‐eight 2‐ to 6‐month‐old GR puppies.MethodsProspective study. Puppies were recruited from clients and breeders. Puppies were evaluated with a physical examination and an echocardiogram, and this evaluation was repeated when they were 12–18‐month‐old adults. Puppies were classified as unaffected (WNL) or affected (SAS) retroactively, based on their results as adults.ResultsInWNLyoung adultGRs, mean ± SDAoSAwas 152.3 ± 6.5°. Mean ± SDAoSAinSASpuppies (144.9 ± 8.6°) was significantly different from mean AoSAinWNLpuppies (155.7 ± 8.8°,P < .01). No puppy with AoSA>160° had theSASphenotype as a young adult; 93% (75.7–99.1%) of puppies with AoSA<145° had theSASphenotype as young adults. PeakLVOTvelocity increased significantly between evaluations (P < .0001) whereas AoSAdid not (P = .45).Conclusion and Clinical SignificanceA steep AoSAinGRpuppies is associated with theSASphenotype in young adulthood. SomeGRpuppies have an abnormal AoSAthat persists in young adulthood and is detectable before peakLVOTvelocity reaches levels consistent withSAS.
Use of the Cortisol‐to‐ACTH Ratio for Diagnosis of Primary Hypoadrenocorticism in Dogs
Authors: Lathan P. , Scott‐Moncrieff J.C. , Wills R.W. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThe ACTH stimulation test is currently required for definitive diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism. Increased cost of synthetic ACTH (cosyntropin) has prompted a search for alternative diagnostic methods.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine whether a cortisol‐to‐ACTH ratio (CAR) can be used to differentiate dogs with hypoadrenocorticism from normal dogs and those with nonadrenal illness.AnimalsEight healthy dogs (H), 19 dogs with nonadrenal illness (NAI), and 15 dogs with hypoadrenocorticism (HAD).MethodsDogs in the HAD group were retrospectively identified from PUVTH medical records. The NAI group consisted of hospitalized dogs with clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, or both, consistent with a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism, but in which hypoadrenocorticism was ruled out based on ACTH stimulation test results. Healthy dogs were recruited from hospital staff and students. Endogenous ACTH concentrations and cortisol concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation were measured in all dogs.ResultsBaseline cortisol concentration was significantly lower, and ACTH concentration was significantly higher, in the HAD group versus the H and NAI group (P < .001). However, there was overlap among groups. Cortisol‐to‐ACTH ratio was significantly lower in the HAD group versus the H and NAI groups (P < .001), and there was no overlap between the HAD group and the other 2 groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCAR can be used for definitive diagnosis of primary hypoadrenocorticism.
New reliability criteria for transient elastography increase the number of accurate measurements for screening of cirrhosis and portal hypertension
Authors: Schwabl Philipp , Bota Simona , Salzl Petra , Mandorfer Mattias , Payer Berit A. , Ferlitsch Arnulf , Stift Judith , Wrba Friedrich , Trauner Michael , Peck‐Radosavljevic Markus , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsTransient elastography (TE) can non‐invasively diagnose cirrhosis and portal hypertension (PHT). New TE reliability criteria suggest classifying measurements as very reliable (IQR/M < 0.1), reliable (IQR<0.3 or >0.3, if TE < 7.1 kPa) and poorly reliable (IQR/M > 0.3, if TE > 7.1 kPa). Compare traditional (reliable: success rate >60% + IQR/M ≤ 0.30) and new TE quality criteria (accurate: very reliable + reliable) regarding their diagnostic accuracy for cirrhosis and PHT and to identify potential confounders (age, aetiology, necroinflammatory activity, steatosis, siderosis, cholestasis, aminotransferases) of TE performance.MethodsPatients undergoing simultaneous measurements of TE, portal pressure (hepatic venous pressure gradient, HVPG) and liver biopsy were analysed.ResultsAmong 226 patients (48.7 ± 13.1 years, 74.7% male, 75.7% viral aetiology, 57% F3/F4), traditional TE quality criteria identified 71.6% reliable measurements, while new criteria yielded in 83.2% accurate results. Reliable TE values according to both criteria significantly correlated with fibrosis stage (r = 0.648 vs. r = 0.636) and HVPG (r = 0.836 vs. r = 0.846). Diagnostic accuracy for cirrhosis (cut‐off >14.5 kPa) was 76.5% (AUC: 0.863) and 75.0% (AUC: 0.852) for traditional and new TE criteria, respectively, while for predicting HVPG ≥ 10 mmHg (>16.1 kPa), the accuracies were 88.9% (AUC: 0.957) and 89.8% (AUC: 0.962). New TE criteria allowed a better discrimination of reliable and non‐reliable results for prediction of fibrosis and CSPH. Only aetiology and aminotransferases were independent confounders of the correlation of TE and fibrosis stage, while no confounder affected the correlation of TE and HVPG.ConclusionsNew reliability criteria for TE measurements increase the number of patients with accurate measurements without affecting diagnostic performance for detecting cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Aetiology of liver disease and aminotransferases should be considered when assessing liver fibrosis by TE.
Niche divergence promotes rapid diversification of East African sky island white‐eyes (Aves: Zosteropidae)
Authors: Cox Siobhan C. , Prys‐Jones Robert P. , Habel Jan C. , Amakobe Bernard A. , Day Julia J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot composed of highly fragmented forested highlands (sky islands) harbours exceptional diversity and endemicity, particularly within birds. To explain their elevated diversity within this region, models founded on niche conservatism have been offered, although detailed phylogeographic studies are limited to a few avian lineages. Here, we focus on the recent songbird genusZosterops,represented by montane and lowland members, to test the roles of niche conservatism versus niche divergence in the diversification and colonization of East Africa's sky islands. The species‐rich white‐eyes are a typically homogeneous family with an exceptional colonizing ability, but in contrast to their diversity on oceanic islands, continental diversity is considered depauperate and has been largely neglected. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of ~140 taxa reveals extensive polyphyly among different montane populations ofZ. poliogastrus. These larger endemic birds are shown to be more closely related to taxa with divergent habitat types, altitudinal distributions and dispersal abilities than they are to populations of restricted endemics that occur in neighbouring montane forest fragments. This repeated transition between lowland and highland habitats over time demonstrate that diversification of the focal group is explained by niche divergence. Our results also highlight an underestimation of diversity compared to morphological studies that has implications for their taxonomy and conservation. Molecular dating suggests that the spatially extensive African radiation arose exceptionally rapidly (1–2.5 Ma) during the fluctuating Plio‐Pleistocene climate, which may have provided the primary driver for lineage diversification.
Interglacial genetic diversification of Moussonia deppeana (Gesneriaceae), a hummingbird‐pollinated, cloud forest shrub in northern Mesoamerica
Authors: Ornelas Juan Francisco , González Clementina 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRecent empirical work on cloud forest‐adapted species supports the role of both old divergences across major geographical areas and more recent divergences attributed to Pleistocene climate changes. The shrub Moussonia deppeana is distributed in northern Mesoamerica, with geographically disjunct populations. Based on sampling throughout the species range and employing plastid and nuclear markers, we (i) test whether the fragmented distribution is correlated with main evolutionary lineages, (ii) reconstruct its phylogeographical history to infer the history of cloud forest in northern Mesoamerica and (iii) evaluate a set of refugia/vicariance scenarios for the region and demographic patterns of the populations whose ranges expanded and tracked cloud forest conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum. We found a deep evolutionary split in M. deppeana about 6–3 Ma, which could be consistent with a Pliocene divergence. Comparison of variation in plastid and nuclear markers revealed several lineages mostly congruent with their isolated geographical distribution and restricted gene flow among groups. Results of species distribution modelling and coalescent simulations fit a model of multiple refugia diverging during interglacial cycles. The demographic history of M. deppeana is not consistent with an expanding–contracting cloud forest archipelago model during the Last Glacial Maximum. Instead, our data suggest that populations persisted across the geographical range throughout the glacial cycles, and experienced isolation and divergence during interglacial periods.
Retarded Photooxidation of Cyamemazine in Biomimetic Microenvironments
Authors: Limones‐Herrero Daniel , Pérez‐Ruiz Raúl , Jiménez Maria Consuelo , Miranda Miguel A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCyamemazine (CMZ) is a neuroleptic drug that mediates cutaneous phototoxicity in humans. Here, the photobehavior of CMZ has been examined within α1‐acid glycoproteins, β‐ and γ‐cyclodextrins and SDS micelles. In all these microenvironments, CMZ emission was enhanced and blue‐shifted, and its lifetime was longer. Irradiation of the entrapped drug at 355 nm, under air; led to the N,S‐dioxide. Within glycoproteins or SDS micelles the reaction was clearly slower than in phosphate buffered solution (PBS); protection by cyclodextrins was less marked. Transient absorption spectroscopy in PBS revealed formation of the triplet state (3CMZ*) and the radical cation (CMZ+•). Upon addition of glycoprotein, the contribution of CMZ+• became negligible, whereas 3CMZ* dominated the spectra; in addition, the triplet lifetime became considerably longer. In cyclodextrins, this occurred to a lower extent. In all microheterogeneous systems, quenching by oxygen was slower than in solution; this was most remarkable inside glycoproteins. The highest protection from photooxidation was achieved inside SDS micelles. The results are consistent with photooxidation of CMZ through photoionization and subsequent trapping of the resulting radical cation by oxygen. This reaction is extremely sensitive to the medium and constitutes an appropriate probe for localization of the drug within a variety of biological compartments.
Rb–Sr Dating of Gold‐bearing Pyrites from Wulaga Gold Deposit and its Geological Significance
Authors: Wang Yongbin , Zeng Qingdong , Liu Jianming 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWulaga epithermal gold deposit is located in northeast China. Gold mineralization mainly occurs within the crypto‐explosive breccia belt of subvolcanic intrusion. Constraints on the precise timing of mineralization are of fundamental importance for understanding the ore genesis of the Wulaga gold deposit and its mineralization potential. Three hydrothermal stages have been identified: the early veiny quartz–euhedral pyrite stage; the fine pyrite–marcasite–gray or black chalcedony stage; and the late carbonate–pyrite stage. The Rb–Sr dating of gold‐bearing pyrites from the fine pyrite–marcasite–gray or black chalcedony stage is 113.8 ± 4.4 Ma with an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.706346 ± 0.000019. The age of the gold deposit is consistent with the age of ore‐bearing volcanic (109–113 Ma) and subvolcanic intrusion (103–112 Ma) within the error limits, and the pyrite initial ratio has an identical value of 87Sr/86Sr to subvolcanic intrusion (0.705547 ± 0.000012). These indicate that crystallization of the wall rock and epithermal gold mineralization was coeval and likely cogenetic. Moreover, a lot of epithermal gold deposits that formed in Early Cretaceous volcanic and subvolcanic intrusions have been discovered in recent years in Heilongjiang province. Combined with the studies of tectonic and magmatic activities, we propose that the formation of the Wulaga gold deposit might be caused by the heated circum‐flow water related to the volcanic–subvolcanic intrusive hydrothermal event triggered by the ancient subduction of the Izanagi plate in the Early Cretaceous.
Development and validation of Neonatal Satisfaction Survey – NSS‐13
Authors: Hagen Inger H. , Vadset Tove B. , Barstad Johan , Svindseth Marit F. 
Published: June 2014

AimsThe purpose of this study was to develop and validate a survey to investigate parents' satisfaction with neonatal wards in a population of parents of children with a gestation age of ≥24 weeks to 3 months after full‐term birth.MethodWe explored the literature and conducted three focus groups: two with expert health personnel and one with parents. We tested the survey in a parent population (N = 105) and report the different stages in the validation process along with the full survey, the Neonatal Satisfaction Survey – 13 categories (NSS‐13).ResultsWe found 13 subcategories in the Neonatal Satisfaction Survey. The subcategories measure parents' satisfaction with neonatal units based on staff, admission, nurses, anxiety, siblings (parents' perceptions of caring for the siblings of the newborn), information, timeout, doctors, facilities, nutrition, preparation for discharge, trust and visitors. Each subcategory showed acceptable internal consistency. The full version of the Neonatal Satisfaction Survey presents 69 items, and each subcategory contains two to eleven items.ConclusionThe Neonatal Satisfaction Survey seems suitable to measure parents' satisfaction with neonatal units and can be used in full, but it can also measure subcategories. Parents' satisfaction with neonatal units can be used to improve the quality in such wards. We consider this study as the first in a series to validate the NSS‐13. The full survey with subcategories is presented in this paper.
Experimental Investigations on the Effects of Torque Tightening on the Fatigue Strength of Double‐lap Simple Bolted and Hybrid (Bolted/Bonded) Joints
Authors: Esmaeili F. , Zehsaz M. , Chakherlou T. N. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the effects of bolt torque tightening on the fatigue strength of double‐lap simple bolted and hybrid (bolted/bonded) joints have been studied experimentally. To do so, two types of joints, that is, double‐lap simple and hybrid (bolted/bonded) joints, were studied. For each type of joints, three sets of specimens were prepared and subjected to the tightening torque of 1, 2.5 and 5 Nm, and then, fatigue tests were carried out at different cyclic longitudinal load levels. Experimental tests results showed that the hybrid joints have better fatigue performance in comparison with the simple bolted joints. In addition, the investigation revealed the positive role of tightening torque on the fatigue life of both simple and hybrid joints.
Multiple cutaneous histiocytomas treated with lomustine in a dog
Authors: Maina Elisa , Colombo Silvia , Stefanello Damiano 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundHistiocytoma is a common benign neoplasm of young dogs. Multiple histiocytomas are rare. Surgical or medical treatment of solitary tumours is not required in the majority of cases because the tumour usually undergoes spontaneous regression. Therapy is required when lesions are persistent, recurrent, ulcerated or in uncomfortable locations.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe a case of canine multiple cutaneous histiocytomas treated with lomustine.AnimalA 5‐year‐old miniature Pinscher dog was presented with multiple, disseminated, alopecic cutaneous nodules, with no associated systemic signs on initial presentation.MethodsHistopathological examination of skin biopsies and immunocytochemistry of biopsy imprints were performed. Inguinal lymph node, liver, spleen and bone marrow cytological examination and abdominal ultrasound examination were also performed.ResultsThe clinical, histopathological and immunocytochemical findings supported a diagnosis of canine multiple cutaneous histiocytomas. Owing to the increasing number and size of the nodules, medical treatment was initiated. Prednisone and ciclosporin resulted in worsening of lesions. Lomustine orally once monthly led to complete resolution followed by relapse. Metabolic disorders such as increased serum alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities were recorded, and therapy was stopped. Increase in size of the tumours, severe dullness and anorexia led the owner to elect euthanasia.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of canine multiple cutaneous histiocytomas treated with lomustine. Lomustine is effective in histiocytic diseases, but adverse effects must be considered because they can be severe and life threatening.