bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coincidence of Congenital Agenesis of Left Lung and Common Atrium: A Very Rare Case
Authors: Nabati Maryam , Bagheri Babak , Habibi Valiolla 
Published: March 2013

Pulmonary agenesis is characterized by undeveloped pulmonary vessels, bronchi as well as lung parenchyma and is a rare congenital anomaly with unknown etiology. It is usually diagnosed during childhood. Nearly, one third of these patients have concomitant congenital heart diseases. While more than 50% of these patients die before the age of 5 years, some other patients may be asymptomatic throughout their life. On the other hand, common atrium, another rare congenital anomaly, is characterized by complete absence of the atrial septum and is usually accompanied by atrioventricular valve malformations. An 18‐year‐old male presented with concomitant pulmonary agenesis and common atrium and had not undergone surgery due to high risk for mortality.
Toxicity of baited spinosad formulations to Ceratitis capitata: from the laboratory to the application
Authors: Gazit Yoav , Gavriel Sagi , Akiva Ruti , Timar Doron 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGF‐120, a fruit fly bait designed to attract and kill adult fruit flies, was tested in the laboratory and outdoors to determine effects of pre‐treatment diet and bait aging on mortality of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Two spinosad‐based compounds, GF‐120 and Tracer® Ultra, had generated two distinctive dose–mortality responds, with LC80, LC90, and LC99 values of 2.4, 2.8, and 4.1 p.p.m., and 255, 479, and 1 143 p.p.m., respectively. The residues of GF‐120 drops, after feeding to the flies, generated 14.3% mortality. The droplet size of the baited spray plays an important role. The toxicity of large drops lasted more than that of small droplets. In the field, exposure to the sun further deteriorates the compound, which lost 50% of its toxicity within 6 days. Disappearance of the compound in the field, due to consumption by various insects, also played a role as 50% of the GF‐120 drops disappeared within 7 days. As mortality was directly related to the amount of insecticide eaten, the effect of GF‐120 depended on the feeding status of the flies: well‐fed flies were almost unaffected compared with starved ones.
Distress and negative experiences of the caregiving relationship in early psychosis: does social cognition play a role?
Authors: Tomlinson Eleanor , Onwumere Juliana , Kuipers Elizabeth 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimThis study explored the relationship between individuals with early psychosis and first‐degree relatives who were carers, to see whether negative and distressing experiences of the patient–carer relationship were associated with social cognition difficulties in both groups.MethodThe study had a cross‐sectional correlational design. A total of 33 patients with early psychosis (within 3 years of first psychotic episode) and 24 first‐degree relative carers (all parents) completed measures of mood, expressed emotion and negative experiences of caregiving. Social cognition measures of theory of mind and emotion recognition were also collected.ResultsPatient perceptions of carer criticism were related to increased anxiety and depression. Carer negative experiences of caregiving were related to higher levels of expressed emotion, anxiety and depression. Both patients and carers showed impaired performance on social cognition tasks. However, patient social cognition was not related to perceptions of carer criticism or symptoms. Carer social cognition was not related to expressed emotion or carer burden.ConclusionEven in the early stages of psychosis, both patients and carers were reporting negative experiences of the caregiving relationship. These were related to higher levels of anxiety and depression. Social cognition difficulties were found in both early psychosis patients and first‐degree relatives, but did not relate to caregiving relationships. The findings underscore the importance of providing targeted family interventions to individuals with early psychosis and their carers that address appraisals of the relationship and low mood.
Natural history of hepatitis C in thalassemia major: a long‐term prospective study
Authors: Lai Maria E. , Origa Raffaella , Danjou Fabrice , Leoni Gian B. , Vacquer Stefania , Anni Franco , Corrias Claudia , Farci Patrizia , Congiu Giovanna , Galanello Renzo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundTransfusion‐acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains an important problem among patients with thalassemia. In this study, we evaluated the natural history of post‐transfusional hepatitis C in thalassemia major, paying special attention to spontaneous viral clearance, to factors influencing the chronicity rate and fibrosis progression.Design and MethodsA prospective study to evaluate the incidence and etiology of transfusion‐related hepatitis was started in 1980. In patients who developed hepatitis C, HCV RNA, ALT, and ferritin were measured over time. The correlation between interleukin‐28B gene polymorphisms and viral clearance was also analyzed.ResultsSeventy‐three of 135 patients (62.2%) acquired HCV. An extended follow‐up (22 to 30 yr) with HCV RNA assessment was available in 52 patients. Of them, 23 (44.2%) cleared the virus. The proportion of IL‐28B genotypes was different between the subjects who cleared the virus and the subjects who did not. Fibrosis progression was similar in HCV RNA–positive and HCV RNA–negative patients. Liver iron was the only factor associated with the fibrosis.ConclusionsIn thalassemia patients with HCV infection, liver iron does not play a major role in influencing the chronicity rate, whereas it is significantly associated with the fibrosis.
Frames of reference for eye–head gaze shifts evoked during frontal eye field stimulation
Authors: Monteon Jachin A. , Wang Hongying , Martinez‐Trujillo Julio , Crawford J. Douglas 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe frontal eye field (FEF), in the prefrontal cortex, participates in the transformation of visual signals into saccade motor commands and in eye–head gaze control. The FEF is thought to show eye‐fixed visual codes in head‐restrained monkeys, but it is not known how it transforms these inputs into spatial codes for head‐unrestrained gaze commands. Here, we tested if the FEF influences desired gaze commands within a simple eye‐fixed frame, like the superior colliculus (SC), or in more complex egocentric frames like the supplementary eye fields (SEFs). We electrically stimulated 95 FEF sites in two head‐unrestrained monkeys to evoke 3D eye–head gaze shifts and then mathematically rotated these trajectories into various reference frames. In theory, each stimulation site should specify a specific spatial goal when the evoked gaze shifts are plotted in the appropriate frame. We found that these motor output frames varied site by site, mainly within the eye‐to‐head frame continuum. Thus, consistent with the intermediate placement of the FEF within the high‐level circuits for gaze control, its stimulation‐evoked output showed an intermediate trend between the multiple reference frame codes observed in SEF‐evoked gaze shifts and the simpler eye‐fixed reference frame observed in SC‐evoked movements. These results suggest that, although the SC, FEF and SEF carry eye‐fixed information at the level of their unit response fields, this information is transformed differently in their output projections to the eye and head controllers.
Prenatal ontogeny of the dopamine‐dependent neurobehavioral phenotype in Pitx3‐deficient mice
Authors: Kleven Gale A. , Joshi Priyanka , Voogd Marco , Ronca April E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMouse models with prenatal alterations in dopaminergic functioning can provide new opportunities to identify fetal behavioral abnormalities and the underlying neural substrates dependent on dopamine. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal loss of nigrostriatal function is associated with fetal akinesia, or difficulty initiating movement. Specific behaviors were analysed in fetal offspring derived from pregnant Pitx3ak/2J and C57BL/6J dams on the last 4 days before birth (E15‐18 of a 19‐day gestation). Using digital videography, we analysed: (i) behavioral state, by quantification of high‐ and low‐amplitude movements, (ii) interlimb movement synchrony, a measure of the temporal relationship between spontaneous movements of limb pairs, (iii) facial wiping, a characteristic response to perioral tactile stimulation similar to the defensive response in human infants, and (iv) oral grasp of a non‐nutritive nipple, a component of suckling in the human infant. Pitx3 mutants showed a selective decrease in interlimb movement synchrony rates at the shortest (0.1 s) temporal interval coupled with significantly increased latencies to exhibit facial wiping and oral grasp. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that the primary fetal neurobehavioral deficit of the Pitx3 mutation is akinesia related to nigrostriatal damage. Other findings of particular interest were the differences in neurobehavioral functioning between C57BL/6J and Pitx3 heterozygous subjects, suggesting the two groups are not equivalent controls. These results further suggest that fetal neurobehavioral assessments are sensitive indicators of emerging neural dysfunction, and may have utility for prenatal diagnosis.
Macroevolution of life‐history traits in passerine birds: adaptation and phylogenetic inertia
Authors: Pienaar Jason , Ilany Amiyaal , Geffen Eli , Yom‐Tov Yoram 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe used a recent passerine phylogeny and comparative method to evaluate the macroevolution of body and egg mass, incubation and fledging periods, time to independence and time with parents of the main passerine lineages. We hypothesised that passerine reproductive traits are affected by adaptation to both past and present environmental factors and phenotypic attributes such as body mass. Our results suggest that the evolution of body and egg mass, time to independence, incubation and fledging times are affected by strong phylogenetic inertia and that these breeding traits are all affected by body mass. Time with parents, where major lineages exhibit their own fixed optima and body mass does not have an effect, and clutch size which is affected by body mass and additionally by climate regimes, do not exhibit any phylogenetic inertia.
Predator‐Naïve Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) Show Antipredator Behaviours to Scent from an Introduced Piscivorous Mammalian Predator Fed Conspecifics
Authors: Rosell Frank , Holtan Lars B , Thorsen Jon G , Heggenes Jan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIntroduced mammalian predators may pose a high risk for native and naïve prey populations, but little is known about how native fish species may recognize and respond to scents from introduced mammalian predators. We investigated the role of diet‐released chemical cues in facilitating predator recognition, hypothesizing that native brown trout (Salmo trutta) would exhibit antipredator behaviours to faeces scents from the introduced American mink (Neovision vison) fed conspecifics, but not to non‐trout diets. In treatments‐control and replicate stream tank experiments, brown trout showed significant antipredator responses to faeces scent from mink fed conspecifics, but not to faeces scent from mink fed a non‐trout diet (chicken), or the non‐predator food control, Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber). We conclude that native and naïve brown trout show relevant antipredator behaviours to an introduced mammalian predator, presumably based on diet‐released conspecific alarm cues and thereby estimate the predation risk.
Perspectives and Debates: Mimicry, Signalling and Co‐Evolution (Commentary on Wolfgang Wickler – Understanding Mimicry – With special reference to vocal mimicry)
Authors: Grim Tomáš 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn his stimulating discussion, Wolfgang Wickler criticizes fuzzy usage of term mimicry by drawing attention to its original definition by H. Bates. Mimicry refers to functional ‘model–mimic–selecting agent’ trinity (with varying number of species involved) when the selecting agent (i.e. signal receiver) responds similarly to mimic and model to the advantage of the mimic. Concurring with Wickler I argue that convergence is neither necessary nor sufficient to support similarity as evidence for mimicry and that it is artificial and unproductive to classify mimicry with respect to ontogeny (innate vs. learned similarity) or model species identity (learning from conspecifics vs. heterospecifics). Using butterfly ‘eye’‐spots, I argue that just identifying each of the supposed model, the mimic and the selective agent, and even demonstrating that mimic‐model similarity affects the agent's behaviour, provides no conclusive evidence for mimicry. Even a demonstration that the mimic benefits from receiver response may not provide conclusive evidence for mimicry. Using avian brood parasite–host egg and nestling mimicry, I emphasize that without experimental manipulation of the hypothesized mimetic traits, it is impossible to test the mimicry hypothesis robustly. Due to fundamental constraints on human perception, some cases of mimicry may in fact be just a by‐product of human inability to perceive relevant differences between animal phenotypes (what is similar for human eye, nose or ear may not be viewed, smelled or heard as similar for relevant animal observers), whereas many cases of real mimicry may escape our attention from the same reason (‘hidden’ mimicry). Surprisingly, the same mimetic phenotype may show completely different effects on selective agents under different ecological circumstances. Finally, relatively dissimilar species may be more mimetic than highly similar model–mimic pairs because mimicry may be more fruitfully understood as a co‐evolutionary process rather than a similarity.
Age‐Related Male Reproductive Investment in Courtship Display and Nuptial Gifts in a Moth, Ostrinia scapulalis
Authors: Thanda Win Aye , Kojima Wataru , Ishikawa Yukio 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDue to a trade‐off between current and future reproduction, costly reproductive investments should be increased towards the end of a lifespan when the probability of reproduction becomes low (terminal investment hypothesis). We investigated age‐related changes in male reproductive investment towards courtship display and the spermatophore in three age classes (young, middle‐aged and old) of a monandrous moth, Ostrinia scapulalis. As predicted, old males had higher mating success than young and middle‐aged males in no‐choice tests. Moreover, two‐choice tests revealed that middle‐aged males had a higher success rate than young males because of their higher courtship frequency rather than any female preference for them. It was found that old males produced a larger spermatophore than young and middle‐aged males, suggesting greater reproductive effort. The protein content of spermatophores also tended to increase with male age. Despite the age‐related variation in spermatophore size and protein content, age did not affect female fecundity or longevity. A decrease in the number of sperm in the older males might counteract the nutritional benefit of larger spermatophores. Alternatively, fitness components other than longevity and fecundity may be influenced by male age.
Integration of multi‐step stamping effects in the bending fatigue analysis of a steel wheel
Authors: Meng J. , Zhu P. , Liu Z. , Ji Q. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBending fatigue prediction accuracy of steel wheel can hardly be guaranteed without clearly understanding the influence of stamping process on fatigue. In this research, multi‐step stamping processes of spoke were analysed by different finite element simulation techniques. Major influences of stamping process on fatigue property were distinguished. Data‐mapping technique was used to transfer information between stamping and fatigue analysis models. Difference material experiments were carried out to research the influence of prestrain on material properties. Modified E‐N function was established according to the theoretical analysis and material experiment results. Bending fatigue finite element simulation was carried out, and result matched experiment well both in position and cycle life.
The oral health of seniors in Brazil: addressing the consequences of a historic lack of public health dentistry in an unequal society
Authors: Fonesca Flamorion A. , Jones Kimberly M. , Mendes Danilo C. , dos Santos Neto Pedro E. , Ferreira Raquel C. , Pordeus Isabela A. , de Barros Lima Martins Andréa M.E. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveNational epidemiological data on the oral health of elders was analysed to examine relationships between the need for oral treatment and external environment, the dental care delivery system, personal characteristics and subjective conditions of oral health.BackgroundBrazil's universal public healthcare system is theoretically responsible to provide dental care to Brazilians of all ages. However, as dentists were integrated into public primary care facilities only in 2000, Brazilian seniors have accumulated needs.Materials and methodsSeniors (65–74 years old) were examined and interviewed by calibrated professionals. The association of overall need for oral treatment and component factors were analysed. Associations with socio‐demographic factors and self‐reported attitudes and behaviours were also calculated.ResultsA total of 85.9% of Brazilian seniors demonstrated a need for some oral treatment, 83.8% of the dentate needed periodontal treatment and 57.3% of all seniors needed full or partial prostheses. Social inequalities were also evident as Brazilians using free oral care services demonstrated a higher degree of need, as did elders who had not previously accessed dental services, nonwhites and males.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that the elderly population in Brazil has a very high degree of need in general and that certain subgroups have been especially vulnerable to oral disease.
Oral hygiene caregivers’ educational programme improves oral health conditions in institutionalised independent and functional elderly
Authors: Portella Fernando F. , Rocha Aline W. , Haddad Daniel C. , Fortes Carmem B.B. , Hugo Fernando N. , Padilha Dalva M.P. , Samuel Susana M.W. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to determine the impact of an oral hygiene education programme for caregivers on the oral health of institutionalised elderly and to examine the effect of disability and low muscle strength on programme outcomes.Materials and methodsThe subjects of this study were geriatric patients (n = 80) from a nursing home. Katz Index for activities of daily living, handgrip strength and mucosal–plaque score (MPS) was evaluated at baseline and 1 year after intervention. The intervention consisted of an educational programme and specific guidelines for caregivers (to perform oral hygiene for dependent elderly and to supervise the independent elderly during oral hygiene practices). Differences on MPS were evaluated using a paired‐sample t‐test. A stratified analysis was carried out to identify differences in response to the programme according to the Katz Index and handgrip strength of elderly.ResultsThe MPS was significantly reduced (p = 0.001) at follow‐up; however, a separate analysis showed that only the independent elderly (p = 0.002) and those with normal muscle strength (p = 0.006) showed a reduction in MPS during the follow‐up examination.ConclusionThe oral hygiene education programme for caregivers resulted in a positive impact on oral hygiene of the independent and functional elderly.
Age and genesis of the White Pine stratiform copper mineralization, northern Michigan, USA, from paleomagnetism
Authors: Symons D. T. A. , Kawasaki K. , Diehl J. F. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAt White Pine, the stratiform sedimentary copper (SSC) mineralization occurs mostly as chalcocite in gray‐black shales in the basal approximately 6 m of the 1081 ± 9 Ma Nonesuch Formation of the Keweenawan Supergroup. Paleomagnetic analysis of 176 specimens (19 sites) isolated collinear characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) directions in both magnetite and hematite in both the oxidized SSC zones and overlying pyritic and upper zones of the Nonesuch Formation. A paleomagnetic fold test shows that the normal‐polarity ChRM is prefolding in origin. Combining the ChRM directions from this study (18 sites) and from (Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 14, 1977, 1128; 11 sites), the Nonesuch mineralized and nonmineralized sites give a paleopole at 7.3°N, 174.7°E (N = 29, A95 = 3.0°), yielding an age of 1063 ±8 Ma on the Keweenawan apparent polar wander path. The observed 1063 ± 8 Ma age is interpreted to date both the average age of oxidation and mineralization of the SSC zone. Thus, ore genesis occurred after burial by the overlying Freda Formation and after conversion by oxidation of the underlying original clastic sediments of the Copper Harbor Formation to red beds, most likely by gravity‐driven recharge of subsurface brines by meteoric water from adjacent highlands on the southeast side of the Keweenawan Rift.
Interobserver agreement in the reporting of colorectal polyp pathology among bowel cancer screening pathologists in Wales
Authors: Turner Jeff K , Williams Geraint T , Morgan Meleri , Wright Melissa , Dolwani Sunil 
Published: March 2013

AimsTo assess the interobserver agreement in the reporting of colorectal polyps among histopathologists participating in the Welsh Bowel Cancer Screening (BCS) programme.Methods and resultsTwelve benign polyps representative of BCS cases were identified from pathology files and reported by 28 BCS histopathologists using proforma sheets. The level of agreement between the participants and a gold standard was determined using kappa (κ) statistics. A moderate level of agreement was achieved in the reporting of polyp type [κ = 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.59] and adenomatous lesions were distinguished from non‐adenomatous lesions in 96% of cases. Substantial agreement was obtained in distinguishing low‐ and high‐grade dysplasias (κ = 0.67; 95% CI 0.50–0.86), but there was only fair agreement in reporting excision margin status (κ = 0.24; 95% CI 0.07–0.43) with frequent use of the ‘uncertain’ category. Significant issues included categorizing serrated lesions, recognizing focal high‐grade dysplasia and epithelial misplacement, and apparent overdiagnosis of villous change in adenomas.ConclusionsInterobserver variability in some aspects of reporting colorectal polyps by BCS pathologists is suboptimal, with a potential impact upon patient management and the efficient running of the screening service. Approaches to addressing this are discussed.