bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 44: Alterations in serum immunoglobulin levels in workers occupationally exposed to trichloroethylene.
Authors: Zhang Luoping , Bassig Bryan , Mora Joseph L. , Vermeulen Roel , Ge Yichen , Curry John D. , Hu Wei , Shen Min , Qiu Chuangyi , Ji Zhiying , Reiss Boris , McHale Cliona , Liu Songwang , Guo Weihong , Purdue Mark , Yue Fei , Li Laiyu , Smith Martyn T. , Huang Hanlin , Tang Xiaojiang , Rothman Nathaniel , Lan Qing 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE), a common occupational solvent and groundwater contaminant, has been associated with a variety of immunotoxic effects and may be associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Altered serum immunoglobulin levels have been reported in NHL patients and in animals exposed to TCE. Recently, we reported that occupational exposure to TCE is associated with immunosuppressive effects and immune dysfunction, including suppression of B cell counts and activation, even at relatively low levels. We hypothesized that TCE exposure would also affect immunoglobulin levels in humans. We measured serum levels of IgG, IgM, and IgE, by ELISA, in TCE-exposed workers (n=80) and unexposed controls (n=45), matched by age and gender, in a cross-sectional, molecular epidemiology study of occupational exposure to TCE in Guangdong, China. Personal exposure measurements were taken using 3 M organic vapor monitoring badges over a three-week period before blood collection. Workers exposed to TCE had about a 17.5% decline in serum levels of IgG compared to unexposed controls (p for exposed vs. unexposed = 0.0002). Similarly, serum levels of IgM were reduced by about 38% in workers exposed to TCE (p for exposed vs. unexposed &lt; 0.0001). Serum levels of both IgG and IgM were significantly decreased in workers exposed to &lt; 12 ppm of TCE, the median exposure level. Adjustment for B cell counts and other potential confounders had minimal impact on our findings. IgE levels were not significantly different between exposed and control subjects. These results are consistent with in vivo observations and provide further evidence that TCE is immunotoxic at relatively low exposure levels, and provide additional biologic plausibility to the reported association of TCE with NHL.
Citation Format: Luoping Zhang, Bryan Bassig, Joseph L. Mora, Roel Vermeulen, Yichen Ge, John D. Curry, Wei Hu, Min Shen, Chuangyi Qiu, Zhiying Ji, Boris Reiss, Cliona McHale, Songwang Liu, Weihong Guo, Mark Purdue, Fei Yue, Laiyu Li, Martyn T. Smith, Hanlin Huang, Xiaojiang Tang, Nathaniel Rothman, Qing Lan. Alterations in serum immunoglobulin levels in workers occupationally exposed to trichloroethylene. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Post-GWAS Horizons in Molecular Epidemiology: Digging Deeper into the Environment; 2012 Nov 11-14; Hollywood, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(11 Suppl):Abstract nr 44.
Abstract 80: Contributions of cancer epidemiology consortia to genome-wide association studies of common and rare cancers.
Authors: Burgio Michael R. , Seminara Daniela 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have provided a wealth of information on loci associated with the risk of common and rare diseases. Many cancer epidemiology consortia (CEC) have been established to create the large sample sizes and interdisciplinary expertise necessary to address complex scientific questions in cancer research that single teams cannot. The goal of this study was to evaluate the contributions of CECs to GWAS of common and rare cancers. A consortium was defined as a group of investigators from multiple institutions who have established a governance structure to support cooperative research efforts. The National Human Genome Research Institute's (NHGRI) GWAS Catalog, a manually curated database of more than 1,300 published GWAS, was searched for cancer GWAS. The resulting publications were reviewed to determine the number of groups that contributed to each study and whether one or more of those groups were established CECs. We then evaluated the influence of established CECs contributing to a study on reported sample size, number of associations, odds ratios (OR) and P-values of associations, choice of genotyping platform(s), and the impact factor (IF) of the publishing journal. The impacts of the publications on the field and types of follow-up studies published on reported associations also were evaluated. Analyses were conducted for both common and rare cancers. Established CECs contributed to a significant number of cancer GWAS, with more than 50% of published studies on common cancers and more than 30% of studies on rare cancers having utilized CEC resources. CECs have a record of successful collaborative, multidisciplinary research. This expertise, combined with their large numbers of study participants, robust exposure, family history, and follow-up data, mean that CECs are well positioned to make significant contributions to the understanding of cancer etiology in the post-GWAS era.
Citation Format: Michael R. Burgio, Daniela Seminara. Contributions of cancer epidemiology consortia to genome-wide association studies of common and rare cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Post-GWAS Horizons in Molecular Epidemiology: Digging Deeper into the Environment; 2012 Nov 11-14; Hollywood, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(11 Suppl):Abstract nr 80.
Abstract IA14: Adipose tissue as a rich information source.
Authors: Campbell Kristin L. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Low levels of physical activity and being overweight or obese are associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer, particularly colorectal and postmenopausal breast cancer. The proposed biological mechanisms underlying these associations include inflammatory factors, steroid hormones, insulin-like growth factors or insulin resistance. Adipose tissue may play a key role in the association between energy balance and proposed biomarkers of cancer risk, via increased production of inflammatory factors, steroid hormones, and altered adipokines. Therefore, the impact of weight loss and physical activity interventions on adipose tissue gene expression may provide insights into pathways linking obesity/physical activity with cancer risk in human models.
Our group previously established the feasibility and acceptability of obtaining subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue samples in women who were screened to participate in a breast cancer prevention study. We then conducted an ancillary study within a randomized trial of diet, exercise, or combined diet+exercise vs. control among inactive, overweight/obese postmenopausal women. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were performed at baseline and after 6 months. Changes in adipose tissue gene expression were determined by microarray. The analytical approach had an emphasis on pre-specified candidate genes and candidate pathways, but also included a gene discovery approach. Furthermore, we examined the correlation of gene expression with serum blood markers. Analysis was conducted both by intervention group and also by degree of weight loss. A change in expression of sex hormone-related genes and LEP were noted with weight change, and the unsupervised clustering of &gt;37,000 transcripts revealed new signaling pathways that require further follow-up.
Citation Format: Kristin L. Campbell. Adipose tissue as a rich information source. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Post-GWAS Horizons in Molecular Epidemiology: Digging Deeper into the Environment; 2012 Nov 11-14; Hollywood, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(11 Suppl):Abstract nr IA14.
Abstract IA17: The bacterial world and the genome.
Authors: Salama Nina R. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In part due to the Human Microbiome Project and related large scale efforts, there is increasing awareness that the microorganisms that live on and in us can modify risk for a number of chronic diseases including cancer. While Helicobacter pylori was the first bacterium to listed as a carcinogen, recent studies have begun to associate additional bacteria with cancers. Moving beyond association requires establishment of causality and biological mechanism. I will discuss these issues broadly and in the context of our recent efforts to query the role of the upper-GI microbiome in modifying risk for developing esophageal adenocarcinoma. Esophageal cancer is the fastest growing cancer in the US, rising nearly 600% from 1972 – 2002, suggesting a new environmental exposure. Esophageal adenocarcinoma is highly lethal with five year survival of less than 15%. Barrett's esophagus is a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma and H. pylori is a Proteobacterium colonizing the stomach of 50% of the world's population. Infection with H. pylori can cause peptic ulcers and gastric cancers but also shows a protective association for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Utilizing a large Seattle based prospective cohort of Barrett's esophagus participants, we investigated associations of H. pylori infection with development of cancer or genomic instability defined as tetraploid or aneuploid DNA content measured by flow cytometry and found a significant association of H. pylori infection with less aneuploidy. These results indicate H. pylori carriage has protective effects in the Seattle population and may act at the level of preventing genomic instability, an important step in cancer progression. Investigation of bacterial communities present in multiple niches within the upper GI tract of Seattle Barrett's Study participants (squamous esophagus, Barrett's esophagus, stomach body, stomach antrum) suggest relationships between these communities that may influence disease progression.
Citation Format: Nina R. Salama. The bacterial world and the genome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Post-GWAS Horizons in Molecular Epidemiology: Digging Deeper into the Environment; 2012 Nov 11-14; Hollywood, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(11 Suppl):Abstract nr IA17.
Face Familiarity Decisions Take 200 msec in the Human Brain: Electrophysiological Evidence from a Go/No-go Speeded Task
Authors: Caharel Stephanie , Ramon Meike , Rossion Bruno 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Recognizing a familiar face rapidly is a fundamental human brain function. Here we used scalp EEG to determine the minimal time needed to classify a face as personally familiar or unfamiliar. Go (familiar) and no-go (unfamiliar) responses elicited clear differential waveforms from 210 msec onward, this difference being first observed at right occipito-temporal electrode sites. Similar but delayed (by about 40 msec) responses were observed when go response were required to the unfamiliar rather than familiar faces, in a second group of participants. In both groups, a small increase of amplitude was also observed on the right hemisphere N170 face-sensitive component for familiar faces. However, unlike the post-200 msec differential go/no-go effect, this effect was unrelated to behavior and disappeared with repetition of unfamiliar faces. These observations indicate that accumulation of evidence within the first 200 msec poststimulus onset is sufficient for the human brain to decide whether a person is familiar based on his or her face, a time frame that puts strong constraints on the time course of face processing.
Dynamic Oscillatory Processes Governing Cued Orienting and Allocation of Auditory Attention
Authors: Ahveninen Jyrki , Huang Samantha , Belliveau John W. , Chang Wei-Tang , Hämäläinen Matti 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn everyday listening situations, we need to constantly switch between alternative sound sources and engage attention according to cues that match our goals and expectations. The exact neuronal bases of these processes are poorly understood. We investigated oscillatory brain networks controlling auditory attention using cortically constrained fMRI-weighted magnetoencephalography/EEG source estimates. During consecutive trials, participants were instructed to shift attention based on a cue, presented in the ear where a target was likely to follow. To promote audiospatial attention effects, the targets were embedded in streams of dichotically presented standard tones. Occasionally, an unexpected novel sound occurred opposite to the cued ear to trigger involuntary orienting. According to our cortical power correlation analyses, increased frontoparietal/temporal 30–100 Hz gamma activity at 200–1400 msec after cued orienting predicted fast and accurate discrimination of subsequent targets. This sustained correlation effect, possibly reflecting voluntary engagement of attention after the initial cue-driven orienting, spread from the TPJ, anterior insula, and inferior frontal cortices to the right FEFs. Engagement of attention to one ear resulted in a significantly stronger increase of 7.5–15 Hz alpha in the ipsilateral than contralateral parieto-occipital cortices 200–600 msec after the cue onset, possibly reflecting cross-modal modulation of the dorsal visual pathway during audiospatial attention. Comparisons of cortical power patterns also revealed significant increases of sustained right medial frontal cortex theta power, right dorsolateral pFC and anterior insula/inferior frontal cortex beta power, and medial parietal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex gamma activity after cued versus novelty-triggered orienting (600–1400 msec). Our results reveal sustained oscillatory patterns associated with voluntary engagement of auditory spatial attention, with the frontoparietal and temporal gamma increases being best predictors of subsequent behavioral performance.
Perceptual Learning Is Specific to the Trained Structure of Information
Authors: Cohen Yamit , Daikhin Luba , Ahissar Merav 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
What do we learn when we practice a simple perceptual task? Many studies have suggested that we learn to refine or better select the sensory representations of the task-relevant dimension. Here we show that learning is specific to the trained structural regularities. Specifically, when this structure is modified after training with a fixed temporal structure, performance regresses to pretraining levels, even when the trained stimuli and task are retained. This specificity raises key questions as to the importance of low-level sensory modifications in the learning process. We trained two groups of participants on a two-tone frequency discrimination task for several days. In one group, a fixed reference tone was consistently presented in the first interval (the second tone was higher or lower), and in the other group the same reference tone was consistently presented in the second interval. When following training, these temporal protocols were switched between groups, performance of both groups regressed to pretraining levels, and further training was needed to attain postlearning performance. ERP measures, taken before and after training, indicated that participants implicitly learned the temporal regularity of the protocol and formed an attentional template that matched the trained structure of information. These results are consistent with Reverse Hierarchy Theory, which posits that even the learning of simple perceptual tasks progresses in a top–down manner, hence can benefit from temporal regularities at the trial level, albeit at the potential cost that learning may be specific to these regularities.
Electrophysiological Responses to Feedback during the Application of Abstract Rules
Authors: Walsh Matthew M. , Anderson John R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMuch research focuses on how people acquire concrete stimulus–response associations from experience; however, few neuroscientific studies have examined how people learn about and select among abstract rules. To address this issue, we recorded ERPs as participants performed an abstract rule-learning task. In each trial, they viewed a sample number and two test numbers. Participants then chose a test number using one of three abstract mathematical rules they freely selected from: greater than the sample number, less than the sample number, or equal to the sample number. No one rule was always rewarded, but some rules were rewarded more frequently than others. To maximize their earnings, participants needed to learn which rules were rewarded most frequently. All participants learned to select the best rules for repeating and novel stimulus sets that obeyed the overall reward probabilities. Participants differed, however, in the extent to which they overgeneralized those rules to repeating stimulus sets that deviated from the overall reward probabilities. The feedback-related negativity (FRN), an ERP component thought to reflect reward prediction error, paralleled behavior. The FRN was sensitive to item-specific reward probabilities in participants who detected the deviant stimulus set, and the FRN was sensitive to overall reward probabilities in participants who did not. These results show that the FRN is sensitive to the utility of abstract rules and that the individual's representation of a task's states and actions shapes behavior as well as the FRN.
Spatio-temporal Patterns of Brain Activity Distinguish Strategies of Multiple-object Tracking
Authors: Merkel Christian , Stoppel Christian M. , Hillyard Steven A. , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Hopf Jens-Max , Schoenfeld Mircea Ariel 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Human observers can readily track up to four independently moving items simultaneously, even in the presence of moving distractors. Here we combined EEG and magnetoencephalography recordings to investigate the neural processes underlying this remarkable capability. Participants were instructed to track four of eight independently moving items for 3 sec. When the movement ceased a probe stimulus consisting of four items with a higher luminance was presented. The location of the probe items could correspond fully, partly, or not at all with the tracked items. Participants reported whether the probe items fully matched the tracked items or not. About half of the participants showed slower RTs and higher error rates with increasing correspondence between tracked items and the probe. The other half, however, showed faster RTs and lower error rates when the probe fully matched the tracked items. This latter behavioral pattern was associated with enhanced probe-evoked neural activity that was localized to the lateral occipital cortex in the time range 170–210 msec. This enhanced response in the object-selective lateral occipital cortex suggested that these participants performed the tracking task by visualizing the overall shape configuration defined by the vertices of the tracked items, thereby producing a behavioral advantage on full-match trials. In a later time range (270–310 msec) probe-evoked neural activity increased monotonically as a function of decreasing target–probe correspondence in all participants. This later modulation, localized to superior parietal cortex, was proposed to reflect the degree of mismatch between the probe and the automatically formed visual STM representation of the tracked items.
The Shape of the ACC Contributes to Cognitive Control Efficiency in Preschoolers
Authors: Cachia Arnaud , Borst Grégoire , Vidal Julie , Fischer Clara , Pineau Arlette , Mangin Jean-François , Houdé Olivier 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCognitive success at school and later in life is supported by executive functions including cognitive control (CC). The pFC plays a major role in CC, particularly the dorsal part of ACC or midcingulate cortex. Genes, environment (including school curricula), and neuroplasticity affect CC. However, no study to date has investigated whether ACC sulcal pattern, a stable brain feature primarily determined in utero, influences CC efficiency in the early stages of cognitive and neural development. Using anatomical MRI and three-dimensional reconstruction of cortical folds, we investigated the effect that ACC sulcal pattern may have on the Stroop score, a classical behavioral index of CC efficiency, in 5-year-old preschoolers. We found higher CC efficiency, that is, lower Stroop interference scores for both RTs and error rates, in children with asymmetrical ACC sulcal pattern (i.e., different pattern in each hemisphere) compared with children with symmetrical pattern (i.e., same pattern in both hemispheres). Critically, ACC sulcal pattern had no effect on performance in the forward and backward digit span tasks suggesting that ACC sulcal pattern contributes to the executive ability to resolve conflicts but not to the ability to maintain and manipulate information in working memory. This finding provides the first evidence that preschoolers' CC efficiency is likely associated with ACC sulcal pattern, thereby suggesting that the brain shape could result in early constraints on human executive ability.
A new species of Psilorhynchus (Teleostei: Psilorhynchidae) from the Chindwin basin of Manipur, India
Authors: SHANGNINGAM BUNGDON , VISHWANATH WAIKHOM 
Published: August 2013

Psilorhynchus chakpiensis, new species, is described from the Chakpi River, Chindwin basin in Manipur, India. It is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters: a dome-shaped rostral cap with horizontally arranged pointed tubercles, 1–2 rows of prominent globular papillae behind the upper lip, three unbranched and nine branched dorsal-fin rays, 30–31 lateral-line scales, head width 74–83% HL, and characteristic colour bands on the dorsal and caudal fins. It is distinguished from all congeners in having a caudal-fin pattern consisting of two black bars, one incomplete bar near the base of the upper lobe, and a complete bar across the centre of the fin, traversing from the upper to the lower margin of the fin.