bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in tilapia (Oreochromis aureus × Oreochromis niloticus) after intravenous and oral administration
Authors: Yang F. , Li Z. L. , Shan Q. , Zeng Z. L. 
Published: January 2014

The pharmacokinetics of doxycycline was studied in plasma after a single dose (20 mg/kg) of intravenous or oral administration to tilapia (Oreochromis aureus × Oreochromis niloticus) reared in fresh water at 24 °C. Plasma samples were collected from six fish per sampling point. Doxycycline concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography with a 0.005 μg/mL limit of detection, then were subjected to noncompartmental analysis. Following oral administration, the double‐peak phenomenon was observed, and the first (Cmax1) and second (Cmax2) peaks were 1.99 ± 0.43 μg/mL at 2.0 h and 2.27 ± 0.38 μg/mL at 24.0 h, respectively. After the intravenous injection, aCmax2(12.12 ± 1.97 μg/mL) was also observed, and initial concentration of 45.76 μg/mL, apparent elimination rate constant (λz) of 0.018 per h, apparent elimination half‐life (t1/2λz) of 39.0 h, systemic total body clearance (Cl) of 41.28 mL/h/kg, volume of distribution (Vz) of 2323.21 mL/kg, and volume of distribution at steady‐state (Vss) of 1356.69 mL/kg were determined, respectively. While after oral administration, theλz,t1/2λz, and bioavailability of doxycycline were 0.009 per h, 77.2 h, and 23.41%, respectively. It was shown that doxycycline was relatively slowly and incompletely absorbed, extensively distributed, and slowly eliminated in tilapia, in addition, doxycycline might undergo enterohepatic recycling in tilapia.
ICD Recipients’ Understanding of Ethical Issues, ICD Function, and Practical Consequences of Withdrawing the ICD in the End‐of‐Life
Authors: STRÖMBERG ANNA , FLUUR CHRISTINA , MILLER JENNIFER , CHUNG MISOOK L. , MOSER DEBRA K. , THYLÉN INGELA 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe current international expert consensus statements recommend that clinicians should discuss elective implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) deactivation before implantation of the device, and then consistently during the illness trajectory. However, no previous studies have investigated predictors of ICD patients’ knowledge about end‐of‐life issues or whether knowledge influences patients’ attitudes about deactivation.MethodsThis nationwide survey study (n = 3,067) had a cross‐sectional correlational design of self‐reported data. Participants were recruited from the Swedish ICD and Pacemaker Registry and asked to complete a questionnaire about knowledge in relation to the ICD and end‐of‐life.ResultsOnly 79 respondents (3%) scored correctly on all 11 questions. The mean sample score was 6.6 ± 2.7 out of a maximum score of 11. A total of 835 participants (29%) had an insufficient knowledge when using the 25th percentile as a cutoff. Younger ICD recipients, those cohabiting, male participants, and those who had received shocks, had a generator replacement, or who had discussed illness trajectory with their physician were more likely to have sufficient knowledge on the end‐of‐life issues. Insufficient knowledge was associated with indecisiveness to make decisions about ICD deactivation in the end‐of‐life situations, and with favorable attitudes about replacing the ICD even if seriously ill or have reached an advanced age, and keeping the shock therapy of the ICD even in a terminal phase of life when dying from cancer or other serious chronic illnesses.ConclusionInsufficient knowledge is common among ICD recipients and is associated with attitudes and decisions that may result in a stressful and potentially painful end‐of‐life situation.
The evolution of canaliculate rudists in the light of a new canaliculate polyconitid rudist from the Albian of the Central Pacific
Authors: Sano Shin‐Ichi , Iba Yasuhiro , Skelton Peter W. , Masse Jean‐Pierre , Aguilar Yolanda M. , Kase Tomoki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA new polyconitid rudist, Magallanesia canaliculata gen. et sp. nov., of probably late Albian age, is described from the Pulangbato area, central Cebu Island, the Philippines in the western Central Pacific and Takuyo‐Daini Seamount, now located in the Northwest Pacific. It is similar to Praecaprotina Yabe and Nagao, 1926, a Japanese–Central Pacific endemic genus of late Aptian – early Albian age, but differs in having canals that developed by partitioning of the large ectomyophoral cavity in the posterior part of the left valve. Its discovery strengthens the evidence for Pacific endemism in Albian times. Several other clades of canaliculate rudists flourished or evolved at the same time in different regions of the Tethyan Realm, suggesting the presence of common global biological and/or environmental factors stimulating the evolution of the canals despite such endemism. Furthermore, the finding of a canaliculate polyconitid provides evidence in favour of the evolutionary hypothesis of a polyconitid origin for the Late Cretaceous canaliculate rudist family Plagioptychidae Douvillé, 1888.
Effects of white light‐emitting diode (LED) light exposure with different Correlated Color Temperatures (CCTs) on human lens epithelial cells in culture
Authors: Xie Chen , Li Xiuyi , Tong Jianping , Gu Yangshun , Shen Ye 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCataract is the major cause for legal blindness in the world. Oxidative stress on the lens epithelial cells (hLECs) is the most important factor in cataract formation. Cumulative light‐exposure from widely used light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) may pose a potential oxidative threat to the lens epithelium, due to the high‐energy blue light component in the white‐light emission from diodes. In the interest of perfecting biosafety standards for LED domestic lighting, this study analyzed the photobiological effect of white LED light with different correlated color temperatures (CCTs) on cultured hLECs. The hLECs were cultured and cumulatively exposed to multichromatic white LED light with CCTs of 2954, 5624, and 7378 K. Cell viability of hLECs was measured by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay. DNA damage was determined by alkaline comet assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were quantified by flow cytometry. Compared with 2954 and 5624 K LED light, LED light having a CCT of 7378 K caused overproduction of intracellular ROS and severe DNA damage, which triggered G2/M arrest and apoptosis. These results indicate that white LEDs with a high CCT could cause significant photobiological damage to hLECs.
Exogenous Retinoic Acid and Cytochrome P450 26B1 Inhibitor Modulate Meiosis‐Associated Genes Expression in Canine Testis, an In Vitro Model
Authors: Kasimanickam V , Kasimanickam R 
Published: January 2014

ContentsPharmacological approaches to control spermatogenesis are required to resolve overpopulation in dogs. The objective of the study was to investigate the regulation of meiosis‐associated and male germ cell‐related genes, stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (STRA8), synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3), dosage suppressor of mck1 (DMC1), doublesex and mab‐3 related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1) and deleted in azoospermia‐like (DAZL) following exogenous administration of retinoic acid (RA) and after the modulation of endogenous RA by a cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 inhibitor (CYP26B1‐I; R115866) in an in vitro testis model. Testicles of five healthy, medium‐sized and mixed‐breed dogs were used for the organotypic cultures. All‐trans‐RA at 2 μm, CYP26B1‐I at 1 μm and the control dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were administered to the testes cultures, and the cultures were maintained for 24 h. Genes STRA8, DAZL and DMRT1 were significantly up‐regulated as a result of the direct and indirect increase in the RA levels in the testis, subsequent to the exogenous administration of all‐trans‐RA and CYP26B1 inhibitor. Up‐regulation of STRA8 was very prominent compared to DAZL and DMRT, and the drastic up‐regulation of STRA8 was also observed with CY26B1‐I than with all‐trans‐RA. No significant differences were found with the early meiotic markers, SYCP3 and DMC1 with RA, CY26B1‐I and vehicle treatments. Because DAZL encodes a germ cell‐specific RNA‐binding protein, required for the induction of STRA8 and initiation of meiosis, we might see the expression differences temporally with the stage of spermatogenesis. DMRT1 is a unique gonad‐ and stage‐specific transcription factor, directly activates STRA8 and has the temporal influence on its expression. Protein expression of DAZL and STRA8 was greater in RA‐ and CYP26B1‐I‐treated testis culture, whereas DMRT1 showed greater protein expression for RA treatment, but not for CYP26B1‐I treatment compared to control. Relative protein expression of STRA8 was greatest for the CYP26B1‐I treatment compared to DMSO and RA treatments. In conclusion, pharmacological intervention of spermatogenesis pertinent to RA signalling is plausible, and the effect of modulation differs upon the types of molecules and the key stages of signalling being targeted.
Identification of lymphogranuloma venereum‐associated Chlamydia trachomatis serovars by fluorescence in situ hybridisation – a proof‐of‐principle analysis
Authors: Frickmann Hagen , Essig Andreas , Poppert Sven 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe describe a proof‐of‐principle evaluation of a fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) procedure to identify Chlamydia trachomatis serovars L1–L3, the causative agents of lymphogranuloma venereum, in cell cultures based on newly designed DNA probes. Rapid and easy‐to‐perform FISH could facilitate the diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum without nucleic acid amplification or serotyping, but requires broader evaluation studies, for example, in tropical high‐endemicity regions.
Posterior segment eye disease in sub‐Saharan Africa: review of recent population‐based studies
Authors: Bastawrous Andrew , Burgess Philip I. , Mahdi Abdull M. , Kyari Fatima , Burton Matthew J. , Kuper Hannah 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the burden of posterior segment eye diseases (PSEDs) in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodsWe reviewed published population‐based data from SSA and other relevant populations on the leading PSED, specifically glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age‐related macular degeneration, as causes of blindness and visual impairment in adults. Data were extracted from population‐based studies conducted in SSA and elsewhere where relevant.ResultsPSEDs, when grouped or as individual diseases, are a major contributor to blindness and visual impairment in SSA. PSED, grouped together, was usually the second leading cause of blindness after cataract, ranging as a proportion of blindness from 13 to 37%.ConclusionsPSEDs are likely to grow in importance as causes of visual impairment and blindness in SSA in the coming years as populations grow, age and become more urban in lifestyle. African‐based cohort studies are required to help estimate present and future needs and plan services to prevent avoidable blindness.
Dose reduction using a dynamic, piecewise‐linear attenuator
Authors: Hsieh Scott S. , Fleischmann Dominik , Pelc Norbert J. 
Published: January 2014

Purpose:The authors recently proposed a dynamic, prepatient x‐ray attenuator capable of producing a piecewise‐linear attenuation profile customized to each patient and viewing angle. This attenuator was intended to reduce scatter‐to‐primary ratio (SPR), dynamic range, and dose by redistributing flux. In this work the authors tested the ability of the attenuator to reduce dose and SPR in simulations.Methods:The authors selected four clinical applications, including routine full field‐of‐view scans of the thorax and abdomen, and targeted reconstruction tasks for an abdominal aortic aneurysm and the pancreas. Raw data were estimated by forward projection of the image volume datasets. The dynamic attenuator was controlled to reduce dose while maintaining peak variance by solving a convex optimization problem, assuminga priori knowledge of the patient anatomy. In targeted reconstruction tasks, the noise in specific regions was given increased weighting. A system with a standard attenuator (or “bowtie filter”) was used as a reference, and used either convex optimized tube current modulation (TCM) or a standard TCM heuristic. The noise of the scan was determined analytically while the dose was estimated using Monte Carlo simulations. Scatter was also estimated using Monte Carlo simulations. The sensitivity of the dynamic attenuator to patient centering was also examined by shifting the abdomen in 2 cm intervals.Results:Compared to a reference system with optimized TCM, use of the dynamic attenuator reduced dose by about 30% in routine scans and 50% in targeted scans. Compared to the TCM heuristics which are typically used withouta priori knowledge, the dose reduction is about 50% for routine scans. The dynamic attenuator gives the ability to redistribute noise and variance and produces more uniform noise profiles than systems with a conventional bowtie filter. The SPR was also modestly reduced by 10% in the thorax and 24% in the abdomen. Imaging with the dynamic attenuator was relatively insensitive to patient centering, showing a 17% increase in peak variance for a 6 cm shift of the abdomen, instead of an 82% increase in peak variance for a fixed bowtie filter.Conclusions:A dynamic prepatient x‐ray attenuator consisting of multiple wedges is capable of achieving substantial dose reductions and modest SPR reductions.
ITAR: A modified TAR method to determine depth dose distribution for an ophthalmic device that performs kilovoltage x‐ray pencil‐beam stereotaxy
Authors: Hanlon Justin , Chell Erik , Firpo Michael , Koruga Igor 
Published: January 2014

Purpose:New technology has been developed to treat age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) using 100 kVp pencil‐beams that enter the patient through the radio‐resistant sclera with a depth of interest between 1.6 and 2.6 cm. Measurement of reference and relative dose in a kilovoltage x‐ray beam with a 0.42 cm diameter field size and a 15 cm source to axis distance (SAD) is a challenge that is not fully addressed in current guidelines to medical physicists. AAPMˈs TG‐61 gives dosimetry recommendations for low and medium energy x‐rays, but not all of them are feasible to follow for this modality.Methods:An investigation was conducted to select appropriate equipment for the application. PTWˈs Type 34013 Soft X‐Ray Chamber (Freiburg, Germany) and CIRSˈs Plastic Water LR (Norfolk, VA) were found to be the best available options. Attenuation curves were measured with minimal scatter contribution and thus called Low Scatter Tissue Air Ratio (LSTAR). A scatter conversion coefficient (Cscat) was derived through Monte Carlo radiation transport simulation using MCNPX (LANL, Los Alamos, NM) to quantify the difference between a traditional TAR curve and the LSTAR curve. A material conversion coefficient (Cmat) was determined through experimentation to evaluate the difference in attenuation properties between water and Plastic Water LR. Validity of performing direct dosimetry measurements with a source to detector distance other than the treatment distance, and therefore a different field size due to a fixed collimator, was explored. A method—Integrated Tissue Air Ratio (ITAR)—has been developed that isolates each of the three main radiological effects (distance from source, attenuation, and scatter) during measurement, and integrates them to determine the dose rate to the macula during treatment.Results:LSTAR curves were determined to be field size independent within the range explored, indicating that direct dosimetry measurements may be performed with a source to detector distance of 20 cm even though the SAD is 15 cm during treatment. Cscat varied from 1.102 to 1.106 within the range of depths of interest. The experimental variance among repeated measurements of Cmat was larger than depth dependence, so Cmat was estimated as1.019 for all depths of interest.Conclusions:Equipment selection, measurement techniques, and formalism for the determination of dose rate to the macula during stereotaxy for AMD have been determined and are strongly recommended by the authors of this paper to be used by clinical medical physicists.
Genome Sequence of the Thermophilic Cyanobacterium
Thermosynechococcus
sp. Strain NK55a
Authors: Stolyar Sergey , Liu Zhenfeng , Thiel Vera , Tomsho Lynn P. , Pinel Nicolas , Nelson William C. , Lindemann Stephen R. , Romine Margie F. , Haruta Shin , Schuster Stephan C. , Bryant Donald A. , Fredrickson Jim K. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

The genome of the unicellular cyanobacterium
Thermosynechococcus
sp. strain NK55a, isolated from the Nakabusa hot spring, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, comprises a single, circular, 2.5-Mb chromosome. The genome is predicted to contain 2,358 protein-encoding genes, including genes for all typical cyanobacterial photosynthetic and metabolic functions. No genes encoding hydrogenases or nitrogenase were identified.
Genome Sequence of a Hepatitis E Virus of Genotype 3e from a Chronically Infected Kidney Transplant Recipient
Authors: Moal Valérie , Ferretti Audrey , Devichi Patricia , Colson Philippe 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging cause of acute and chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients in Europe. We report the genome sequence of a genotype 3e HEV from a chronically infected kidney transplant recipient in southeastern France, the second HEV genome sequence from a transplant recipient and the first of subtype 3e.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Sphingobium
sp. Strain C100, a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium from the Deep-Sea Sediment of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Dong Chunming , Bai Xiuhua , Lai Qiliang , Xie Yanrong , Chen Xin , Shao Zongze 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Sphingobium
sp. strain C100 was isolated from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading consortium from the deep-sea sediment of the Arctic Ocean. It can degrade two- to four-ring PAHs at 25°C. Here we present the draft genome sequence of this strain, which is 4,776,810 bp with a G+C content of 63.9%.
Draft Genome Sequence of Urease-Producing Sporosarcina pasteurii with Potential Application in Biocement Production
Authors: Tiwari Pradeep Kumar , Joshi Kandarp , Rehman Rakhshinda , Bhardwaj Vivek , Shamsudheen K. V. , Sivasubbu Sridhar , Scaria Vinod 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

We describe here the draft genome sequence of
Sporosarcina pasteurii
, a urease-producing bacterium with potential applications in biocement production.
Building clinical networks: a developmental evaluation framework
Authors: Carswell Peter , Manning Benjamin , Long Janet , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundClinical networks have been designed as a cross-organisational mechanism to plan and deliver health services. With recent concerns about the effectiveness of these structures, it is timely to consider an evidence-informed approach for how they can be developed and evaluated.ObjectiveTo document an evaluation framework for clinical networks by drawing on the network evaluation literature and a 5-year study of clinical networks.MethodWe searched literature in three domains: network evaluation, factors that aid or inhibit network development, and on robust methods to measure network characteristics. This material was used to build a framework required for effective developmental evaluation.ResultsThe framework's architecture identifies three stages of clinical network development; partner selection, network design and network management. Within each stage is evidence about factors that act as facilitators and barriers to network growth. These factors can be used to measure progress via appropriate methods and tools. The framework can provide for network growth and support informed decisions about progress.ConclusionsFor the first time in one place a framework incorporating rigorous methods and tools can identify factors known to affect the development of clinical networks. The target user group is internal stakeholders who need to conduct developmental evaluation to inform key decisions along their network's developmental pathway.
The habitat of bypassed pay in the Forties Field
Authors: Rose Philip T. S. , Pyle Jeffery R. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The Forties Field, the largest oilfield in the UK North Sea, has been a prolific producer since its initial development. With an initial plateau rate of 500 000 bopd the field had produced some 2500 mmbo and the field rate had declined to 41 000 bopd by 2003 when the operatorship changed from BP to Apache. From 2004 to 2012, over 100 bypassed pay targets were drilled with a success rate of 75%, establishing a late life plateau of 50 000–60 000 bopd.
The Forties reservoir is provided by Paleocene turbidites of the Forties Sandstone Member of the Sele Formation, deposited in a channelized proximal area of the Forties Fan. In this paper, the reservoir architecture is described, and bypassed pay examples are discussed in the context of the reservoir architecture and the production history. Bypassed pay is shown to occur in both the high net to gross channel axes and the heterogeneous wing deposits. Oil is trapped by subseismic channel architecture and subtle faulting. The occurrence of bypassed pay at a particular location is also shown to be dependent on the continually evolving pattern of injection and production within the field.
Arterial Stiffness Is Associated With Carotid Intraplaque Hemorrhage in the General Population
Authors: Selwaness Mariana , van den Bouwhuijsen Quirijn , Mattace-Raso Francesco U.S. , Verwoert Germaine C. , Hofman Albert , Franco Oscar H. , Witteman Jacqueline C.M. , van der Lugt Aad , Vernooij Meike W. , Wentzel Jolanda J. 
Published: January 2014

Objective—
The relation between arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis, and specifically the influence of arterial stiffness on plaque composition, is largely unknown. In a population-based study, we investigated the association between arterial stiffness and the presence and composition of carotid atherosclerotic plaques.

Approach and Results—
Arterial stiffness was measured in 6527 participants (67.0±8.6 years) using aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV). Presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques was assessed with ultrasound. Subsequently, 1059 subjects with carotid plaques (>2.5 mm) underwent MRI to assess plaque composition (presence of intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid, and calcification). Generalized estimation equation analyses adjusted for age, sex, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, carotid wall thickening, pulse pressure, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were used to study the association between PWV and the presence and composition of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. In multivariable analysis, higher PWV was independently related to higher prevalence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque on ultrasound (odds ratio for highest quartile of PWV compared with lowest quartile, 1.24 [95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.51]). Furthermore, higher PWV was associated with intraplaque hemorrhage (age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio per SD increase in PWV, 1.20 [1.04–1.38] and calcification, 1.18 [1.03–1.35]), but not with lipid. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, PWV remained significantly associated with intraplaque hemorrhage (1.20 [1.01–1.43]). Additional adjustment for pulse pressure did not materially affect the effect estimate (1.19 [1.00–1.42]).

Conclusions—
Higher PWV is associated with presence and composition of carotid atherosclerotic plaques, in particular with intraplaque hemorrhage. These findings provide further clues for understanding the development of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque.