bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Small Miscuts of (0001) Sapphire on the Growth of AlxGa1-xN/AlN
Authors: Gong Zheng , Sun Wenhong , Zhang Jianping , Gaevski Mikhail E. , Wang Hongmei , Yang Jinwei , Khan M. Asif 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper, using chemical etching, atomic force microscope (AFM) and High- resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), we report a study of the effect of various small miscuts of (0001) sapphire substrate (<1°) and the way to further improve the material quality. A set of AlN epilayers and AlN/AlxGa1-xN Superlattices (SLs) were grown by Migration-enhanced Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MEMOCVD) on vicinal (0001) sapphire substrates. The threading dislocation density was found to be very sensitive to the miscut angles. The etch pit density reduced to 7×106 cm-2 for normal-oriented (0°-off) from the starting value of 7×107 cm-2 for 0.5°-off. We found the surface morphologies can be easily controlled by the different substrate miscut angles. The 1-2 Monolayers (MLs) step flow morphology for normal- oriented substrate changed to step bunches of 10 MLs height for 0.5°-off substrate. Correspondingly, AFM Root Mean Square (RMS) increased from 1.52 to 9.15 Å with a 5um×5um scan. This finding may help enhance the quality of full structure UVLED material and eventually improve the lifetime of UVLEDs.
An Experimental Study of GPU Acceleration for Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Bayat M. , Killough J. E. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
For the past several years the possible benefits of GPU acceleration for reservoir simulation have been the subject of intense study by many researchers. To date results have been somewhat mixed in that the promise of using hundreds of processors available on the GPU did not achieve the anticipated parallel speedups. The reasons for this are many, but the question still remained as to whether GPU acceleration could become a viable solution for reservoir simulation. To attempt to answer this question an experimental investigation of GPU acceleration was undertaken. Experimental parameters included not only simulation model size but also the number of GPUs. Models varying up to millions of gridblocks were accelerated with up to four GPUs each with hundreds of processors. A highly parallel simple linear equation solver was the main focus of the study. Results for a single GPU indicated that speedups from approximately 25-45 could be easily achieved on the GPU if attention is paid to the use of shared memory, allocation with reduced bank conflicts, warp synchronization, coalescence, and efficient use of registers. When increasing the number of GPUs from one to four, it was noted that poor scalability occurred for the smaller simulation problems due to the dominance of overhead. Finally, a unique mixed precision algorithm showed excellent promise for improving GPU performance and scalability to greater than a factor of one hundred with four GPU accelerators. The mixed precision algorithm utilized single precision for the preconditioning with orthogonal acceleration and update being performed in double precision resulting in higher processor performance and lower memory access requirements.
Zearalenone Contamination of the Aquatic Environment as a Result of its Presence in Crops / Pojava Mikotoksina U Vodenom Okolišu Zbog Njihove Prisutnosti U Usjevima
Authors: Waśkiewicz Agnieszka , Gromadzka Karolina , Bocianowski Jan , Pluta Paulina , Goliński Piotr 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish a relation between zearalenone contamination of crops in the Polish province of Wielkopolska and its occurrence in aquatic ecosystems close by the crop fields. Water samples were collected from water bodies such as drainage ditches, wells, or watercourses located in four agricultural areas. Moreover, control water samples were collected from the Bogdanka river, which was located outside the agricultural areas and near an urban area. Cereal samples were collected in the harvest season from each agricultural area close to tested water bodies. Zearalenone (ZEA) was found in all water and cereal samples. The highest concentrations were recorded in the postharvest season (September to October) and the lowest in the winter and spring. Mean ZEA concentrations in water ranged between 1.0 ng L-1 and 80.6 ng L-1, and in cereals from 3.72 ng g-1 to 28.97 ng g-1. Our results confirm that mycotoxins are transported to aquatic systems by rain water through soil.
Susceptibility To Caspofungin And Fluconazole And Als1/Als3 Gene Expression In Biofilm And Dispersal Cells Of Candida Albicans / Profil Osjetljivosti Na Kaspofungin I Flukonazol I Ekspresija Gena Als1 I Als3 U Stanicama Biofilma Te Planktonskim Stanicama Vrste Candida Albicans
Authors: Bujdáková Helena , Kulková Naďa , Černáková Lucia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe biofilm of Candida albicans has been implicated as a source of bloodstream infections. Dispersal cells, as the final biofilm stage, are responsible for its spread. The aim of this study was to compare the susceptibility of biofilm and dispersal cells vs. planktonic cells (overnight liquid culture) of C. albicans to caspofungin (CAS) and fluconazole (FLU) when the drugs were added: i) at the beginning of the experiment; ii) after 1.5 h (adherence stage); iii) after 24 h (early mature biofilm). The findings were evaluated after 48 h (mature biofilm) using the XTT reduction assay. Later administration of the drug increased biofilm sessile minimal inhibitory concentration (SMIC80) of both FLU and CAS from 1 μg mL-1 to over 64 μg mL-1 and from 0.125 μg mL-1 to over 16 μg mL-1, respectively. Susceptibility of dispersal cells also decreased with time of administration.We also determined the expression of the Als1 and Als3 genes in 48-h sessile biofilm and dispersal cells of C. albicans SC5314 and compared it to planktonic cells. The expression was normalised to the standard Act1 gene in every condition tested. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed a strong up-regulation of the Als1 gene in the dispersal cells but not in biofilm and high expression of the Als3 gene in both biofilm and dispersal cells. High expression of both Als1 and Als3 genes supports the hypothesis that dispersal cells pose a high-risk of infection.
The Impact Of Mycotoxicoses On Human History / Utjecaj Mikotoksikoza Na Povijest
Authors: Peraica Maja , Rašić Dubravka 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMycotoxicoses are acute or chronic diseases of humans and animals caused by mycotoxins, toxic compounds produced by moulds. Of about 400 known mycotoxins only a small number are known to cause mycotoxicoses in humans. Organs that are most targeted are those in which mycotoxins are metabolised, that is, the liver and kidneys, but the lesions may affect the neurological, respiratory, digestive, haematological, endocrine, and immune systems as well.The epidemics of mycotoxicoses are often connected with times of famine, when population consumes food that would not be consumed in normal circumstances. Mycotoxicoses have influenced human history, causing demographic changes, migrations, or even influencing the outcomes of wars. Fortunately, epidemics affecting so many persons and with so many fatalities belong to the past. Today they only appear in small communities such as schools and factory canteens. This paper presents epidemics and pandemics of mycotoxicoses that influenced human history.
Consequences and Behaviour Problematised: The Establishment of Alcohol Misuse as an Object of Empirical Inquiry in Late 18th- and Early 19th-Century European Medicine
Authors: Ruuska Arto 
Published: February 2013

Aims This article discusses European medical thought on alcohol in the late 18th and early 19th centuries against the backdrop of concurrent transformations in the epistemological and social underpinnings of medicine at large. Design The article focuses on key medical works on alcohol written in the 1700s and early 1800s. The analysis draws on historical typologisations of medical practice and knowledge-formation (Ackerknecht, Jewson), and the notion of “working knowledges” (Pickstone). Results The defining feature of the era's medical thought on alcohol was that the issue began to be treated more rigorously in empirical terms. Doctors aspired to build an objective body of knowledge about diseases consequent on excessive drinking. The singling out of alcohol misuse as a special cause of diseases laid ground for viewing misuse itself as a phenomenon whose determinants and underlying dynamics were to be delineated in empirical terms. Remote causes of drinking were commonly traced to the socio-cultural sphere, which had a bearing on doctors' ideas on “alcohol addiction”, too. Conlusions Earlier historiography has identified medical thought on alcohol at the turn of the 19th century as the starting point of individualising disease concept of alcohol addiction. The proper legacy of the era is rather the establishment of alcohol-related phenomena as objects of empirical inquiry, and the articulation of socio-cultural embeddedness of alcohol-related pathologies.
Addiction, Agency and Affects – Philosophical Perspectives
Authors: Uusitalo Susanne , Salmela Mikko , Nikkinen Janne 
Published: February 2013

Aims In the recent neuroscientific research addiction has been defined as a brain disease in which the addict's brain is “hijacked”. The research indicates how the addictive cravings function in the brain's reward system. At the same time growing support has emerged to a view of addiction as a matter of choice. This viewpoint claims that those with addiction lack either willpower or the moral capacity to make the right decisions. In this article, we problematise these two models and argue that neither of them succeeds in providing successful and adequate means of tackling personal problems associated with agency and responsibility in relation to addiction. Methods The article uses means of social ethics and empirically informed analytical philosophy. Results After showing that the two prominent models are not sufficient in capturing the problematique of addictive behaviour, we propose a new approach called the affective choice model. Conclusions As the disease model and the choice model fall short, we illustrate why the affective choice model is more capable of capturing the problematique of addicts' agency than the existing models are.
Female Rock Stars and Addiction in Autobiographies
Authors: Oksanen Atte 
Published: February 2013

Aim This article analyses addiction and rehabilitation as described in the autobiographies, memoirs and diaries of famous female rock artists. The article shows how female artists portray rock culture, addiction and causes to addiction. Material The data includes 16 autobiographical books published between 1982 and 2010. These books were published first in English. Female rock artists are marked as the first authors, and all of the books use first-person narration. Method The analysis relies on thematic qualitative analysis and narratology. Data were encoded for addiction, object of addiction, rehabilitation and type of recovery from addiction. Gender was analysed as a separate category. In addition, narrative strategies used in the books were analysed. Results Addictions and rehabilitation are prevalent themes in autobiographical rock books written by female authors. Many authors write about their personal experiences of addiction and rehabilitation. Those authors who do not portray their personal problems with alcohol or drugs write about staying sober as a way of coping in the male-dominated rock world. Conclusions Rock ‘n’ roll mythology is changing. Rock artists no longer celebrate their excesses, but rather write about their negative experiences with alcohol and drugs. Rock narratives by female stars portray social and gendered settings which lead to addiction.
Assessment of the fate of some household micropollutants in urban wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Pasquini Laure , Munoz Jean-François , Rimlinger Nicole , Dauchy Xavier , France Xavier , Pons Marie-Noëlle , Görner Tatiana 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEveryday domestic activity is a significant source of water pollution. The presence of six household micropollutants in an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was assessed in wastewater and sludge. A multi-target analytical method was developed for the quantification of ibuprofen, erythromycin, ofloxacin, 4-nonylphenol, 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol (triclosan), and sucralose. The micropollutants were extracted from the liquid and solid phases and their concentrations were determined by LC-MS/MS. The efficiency of micropollutants’ removal within a conventional activated sludge process was assessed. From 50 % to 90 % of ibuprofen and erythromycin was removed from the wastewater liquid phase. Their removal can be attributed to biological degradation as they were not found adsorbed on the outlet sludge. Ofloxacin and triclosan were removed from the liquid phase with similar efficiencies; however, they were adsorbed on the sludge, so it was not possible to determine their removal mechanism (whether biodegradation or displacement to solid phase/sequestration). Sucralose was not removed from wastewater (3 μg L−1 in inlet and outlet liquid phase) and not adsorbed on the sludge. 4-Nonylphenol concentrations were sometimes higher in the WWTP outlet water; this may relate to the degradation of alkylphenol ethoxylates in the wastewater treatment process. 4-Nonylphenol was always present in the outlet sludge.
Evaluation of the thermodynamics of a four level system using canonical density matrix method
Authors: Awoga Aladunjoye A. , Ikot Akpan A. , Ituen Eno E. , Akpabio Louis E. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
We consider a four-level system with two subsystems coupled by weak interaction. The system is in thermal equilibrium. The thermodynamics of the system, namely internal energy, free energy, entropy and heat capacity, are evaluated using the canonical density matrix by two methods. First by Kronecker product method and later by treating the subsystems separately and then adding the evaluated thermodynamic properties of each subsystem. It is discovered that both methods yield the same result, the results obey the laws of thermodynamics and are the same as earlier obtained results. The results also show that each level of the subsystems introduces a new degree of freedom and increases the entropy of the entire system. We also found that the four-level system predicts a linear relationship between heat capacity and temperature at very low temperatures just as in metals. Our numerical results show the same trend.
Ki-67 Expression In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Developed On A Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Mocanu Elena , Broască V. , Severin Beatrice 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a major cause of death in many countries. To evaluate the clinicopathological correlations of proliferative activity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, Ki-67 antigen expression was examined using immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody MIB1. Consecutive 40 patients who had undergone surgical resection for the treatment of HCC from January 2005 to December 2009 were enrolled in our study. The study group comprised 32 men and 8 women ranging from 27 to 76 (mean age, 54.6 SD±11.7) years of age. Expression of Ki-67 was negative in 22.5% of the 40 cases and Ki-67 positive expression “+”, “++”, “+++” was found in 11, 7 and 13 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma respectively. There are no statistically significant differences of the Ki-67 mean between age, sex distribution, dimension of the tumors, pattern of the tumor and Edmondson -Steiner grading.
University Students’ Reservations: About Dietetics as a Career Choice
Authors: Lordly Daphne 
Published: February 2013

Purpose: Dietetics students’ reservations about their career choice were investigated. Methods: In several dietetics programs in various provinces, an in-class or online survey was administered to students in the early or late stages of their education (n=397). Data were coded and analyzed, using descriptive statistics. Chi-square testing for independence was used to establish significant relationships. Results: Forty-three percent (n=149) of those responding to the research question (n=344) indicated they had reservations about a dietetics career, primarily because of internship, salary, and employment concerns. Students enrolled in a coordinated internship/degree program experienced no reservations about internship. Students experienced fewer career reservations when they had made their career decision before grade 12, were influenced by a dietitian, or were in the later stages of their education. Conclusions: Findings have implications for dietetics recruitment, retention, research, and education. An understanding of sources of reservations about career choice will allow policymakers, researchers, and educators to address issues to ensure that potential professionals are well informed about career components and that educational programs meet students’ needs.
Subependymal spread of recurrent glioblastoma detected with the intraoperative use of 5-aminolevulinic acid
Authors: Cage Tene A. , Pekmezci Melike , Prados Michael , Berger Mitchel S. 
Published: February 2013

Recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) can occur locally or at distant sites within the brain. Though MRI is the standard imaging modality for primary and recurrent GBM, the full extent of diffuse lesions may not be appreciated on MRI alone. Glioblastomas with ependymal and/or subependymal spread are examples of diffuse infiltrative tumors that are incompletely seen on MRI. Some other adjuvant visualization technique such as intraoperative fluorescence-assisted 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) could be used to assist the surgeon in localizing the infiltrating tumor.
The authors report on a 56-year-old man who presented 7 years after initial resection of an occipital lobe GBM with imaging consistent with distant discrete foci of tumor recurrence. Because these foci were distant from the original resection cavity, there was concern for diffuse, infiltrative tumor elsewhere throughout the brain versus a distant multicentric recurrence. Therefore, the patient was given 5-ALA prior to surgery to aid in tumor detection intraoperatively. Using fluorescent visualization of the resection cavity, it was confirmed that there was subependymal and ependymal spread of the recurrent tumor along the lateral ventricle connecting the recurrence to the previous tumor site.
Magnetic resonance imaging may not completely detect the presence of diffuse tumor infiltrating the ependymal or subependymal spaces. Therefore, adjunct intraoperative use of fluorescence-assisted visualization with 5-ALA may be helpful in highlighting and detecting infiltrative tumor to accurately detect tumor burden and distinguish it from a separate multicentric recurrence.
Vergleich von Palpation und Elastographie an Schilddrüsenknoten
Authors: Happel C. , von Müller F. , Ackermann H. , Bojunga J. , Grünwald F. , Etzel M. 
Published: February 2013

ZusammenfassungZur Dignitätsbeurteilung von Schilddrüsenknoten steht neben der Sonographie seit einigen Jahren die Elastographie zur Verfügung. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Überprüfung einer statistisch signifikanten Korrelation zwischen Palpationsbefund und Elastographie sowie zwischen Szintigraphie und Elastographie. Patienten, Methoden: Die Auswertung von 97 solitären Schilddrüsenknoten (67 von Frauen im Durchschnittsalter von 63,0 ± 14,8 Jahren und 30 von Männern im Durchschnittsalter von 63,4 ± 18,5 Jahren) erfolgte farbkodiert nach einem Spektrum von blau (weich) über gelb nach rot (hart) (Sonix Touch, Firma Ultrasonix, Canada) mit einem 6–14-MHz-Linearschallkopf. Die Einteilung dieser Farbcodes erfolgte in Elastographie-Scores von ES 1 bis ES 4. Ergebnisse: 50 Knoten konnten nicht sicher palpiert werden, 47 wurden in die Kategorien „weich“ (n = 16), „indifferent“ (n = 24) und „hart“ (n = 7) eingeteilt. Es zeigten sich höhere Elastographie-Werte mit zunehmender Härte des tastbaren Knotens. Die Mediane der Elastographie-Score waren: weich ES 2, indifferent ES 2,5, hart ES 4. Eine statistisch signifikante Korrelation zwischen Palpationsbefund und Elastographie konnte mit dem Jonckheere-Terpstra-Test (p = 0,01) und der Spearmans-Rangkorrelation (p = 0,03) bestätigt werden. Eine Korrelation der Elastographie mit der szintigraphischen Speicherung fand sich nicht (p = 0,41). Schlussfolgerung: Bei palpablen Knoten korreliert der Tastbefund mit der Elastographie. Bei nicht tastbaren Knoten können mit der Messung zusätzliche Daten zu Elastizitätsunterschieden gewonnen werden, welche die weitere Diagnostik und Therapie beeinflussen können. Szintigraphisch gewonnene Informationen können nicht durch die Elastographie ersetzt werden.
Qatar : chance ou menace pour les intérêts français ?
Authors: Coustillière Jean-François 
Published: February 2013

Reconnu depuis 1971 en tant qu’Etat indépendant, le Qatar a développé un dense réseau de relations internationales. L’adoption de cette dynamique de projection internationale répond à divers mobiles, notamment économiques et stratégiques. La France figure parmi les cibles de cet activisme international qatari. Cette relation entre la France et le Qatar constitue un révélateur de la politique étrangère du Qatar, mais elle en dévoile aussi des zones d’ombres qui soulèvent la question de la compatibilité avec la défense de nos intérêts nationaux.
El emprendimiento social y el desarrollo de valores cooperativos
Authors: Marin Aramís , Ramirez Juan Morua , Schmitt Christophe 
Published: February 2013

Résumé Les chefs d’entreprise et les hommes d’affaires jouent un rôle important dans l’économie actuelle, et ils ont une certaine influence sur la politique moderne. Néanmoins, les récurrentes crises du capitalisme, avec leurs répercussions sur d’autres sphères de la vie quotidienne, ont favorisé la remise en question de la fonction de l’entrepreneur en tant qu’agent du changement qui peut retrouver l’aspect « social » perdu par l’économie. Sur cette base, les entrepreneurs sociaux prennent de la voix et de l’importance à différents points de vue, et posent comme piliers d’un nouveau modèle économique les principes de la solidarité, de la réciprocité, de la confiance, du travail en équipe et des autres valeurs coopératives qui mettent en question le paradigme de l’individualité, qui a été privilégié depuis des décennies. Cet article vise aussi à réfléchir, dans le contexte de la crise mondiale, sur l’existence d’une relation à double sens entre deux concepts : les valeurs communautaires et l’entrepreneuriat social. Ceux-ci cherchent à résoudre des problèmes sociaux autrement, se renforçant mutuellement dans une sorte de cercle vertueux dont le principal défi est de surmonter les chocs culturels permanents contre les structures dominantes.