bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms experience of receiving treatment in a primary-care psychological therapies service: a qualitative study
Authors: Gerskowitch Chloe , Norman Ian , Rimes Katharine A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAs a pilot site under the primary-care Increasing Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) Long Term Condition/Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms (MUPS) project, patients with MUPS were offered cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)-based treatments or attendance at a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programme. This study aimed to gain an understanding of the views and experiences of MUPS patients that received CBT-based therapy or MBSR within an IAPT service and to investigate the relationship between their experiences and health outcomes measured on self-report questionnaires. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data gathered via semi-structured interviews with 11 patients. Data collected from three self-report measures were considered in relation to key features of participants’ reported experiences and patterns identified. Four main themes emerged: (1) something needs to change; (2) making connections between physical symptoms and mood, thoughts or activities; (3) sharing experiences and feeling understood; and (4) reflections on treatment experience. Participants generally reported a positive experience of treatment and felt better able to cope with their symptoms, although treatment did not necessarily result in reliable change in symptoms as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). This novel model of treatment appears to be acceptable for this patient group although evaluation of the pilot should consider the ability of routinely used measures to capture the value of treatment to patients, including improved coping with symptoms.
Degrees of Responsibility in Kant’s Practical Philosophy
Authors: Blöser Claudia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIt has been argued that Kant’s practical philosophy cannot allow for degrees of responsibility for one’s actions. However, it would be uncompromising to allow for only two possibilities: either full responsibility or none. Moreover, in theMetaphysics of MoralsKant himself claims that there can be degrees of responsibility, depending on the magnitude of the obstacles that have to be overcome when acting. I will show that this claim is consistent with Kant’s theory as a whole and thereby make transparent how degrees of responsibility are possible for Kant. The solution is based on the distinction between two senses of responsibility: taking oneself to be anaccountableperson is an all-or-nothing affair, whereaspraise- or blameworthinessfor a particular action can still be a matter of degree.
Categories of Freedom as Categories of Practical Cognition
Authors: Bojanowski Jochen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractKant famously claims that the table of the categories of freedom does not require explanation, ‘since it is intelligible enough of itself’ (Critique of Practical Reason 5: 67). Kant interpreters have been baffled by this claim, and the disagreement among the increasing number of studies in more recent years suggests that the table is not as straightforward as Kant took it to be. In this article I want to show that a coherent interpretation of the table depends essentially on a clarification of what have been taken to be three fundamental ambiguities in Kant’s presentation of the table. This assumption about ambiguities in Kant’s text is, I argue, rooted in a hybrid conception of practical rationality assumed by his interpreters. I believe the task of disambiguating the table in all three cases can be completed. But it will require spelling out Kant’s moral cognitivism in such a way that he emerges as holding what I will call a unitary account of practical rationality.
The First Person and the Moral Law
Authors: Moyar Dean 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn Kant’s Defense of Common Moral Experience: A Phenomenological Account, Jeanine Grenberg argues for the centrality to Kant’s ethics of the experience of the feeling of moral constraint, especially as that feeling is described in Kant’s fact of reason argument. She criticizes interpretations of the fact of reason that interpret it as primarily a certain kind of act. I defend my version of an act-based interpretation against Grenberg’s criticisms, flesh out the Fichtean background of that interpretation and raise some further questions about Grenberg’s account.
Accessing the Moral Law through Feeling
Authors: Ware Owen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this article I offer a critical commentary on Jeanine Grenberg’s claim that, by the time of the second Critique, Kant was committed to the view that we only access the moral law’s validity through the feeling of respect. The issue turns on how we understand Kant’s assertion that our consciousness of the moral law is a ‘fact of reason’. Grenberg argues that all facts must be forced, and anything forced must be felt. I defend an alternative interpretation, according to which the fact of reason refers to the actuality of our moral consciousness.
Metabolic and metagenomic outcomes from early-life pulsed antibiotic treatment
Authors: Nobel Yael R. , Cox Laura M. , Kirigin Francis F. , Bokulich Nicholas A. , Yamanishi Shingo , Teitler Isabel , Chung Jennifer , Sohn Jiho , Barber Cecily M. , Goldfarb David S. , Raju Kartik , Abubucker Sahar , Zhou Yanjiao , Ruiz Victoria E. , Li Huilin , Mitreva Makedonka , Alekseyenko Alexander V. , Weinstock George M. , Sodergren Erica , Blaser Martin J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMammalian species have co-evolved with intestinal microbial communities that can shape development and adapt to environmental changes, including antibiotic perturbation or nutrient flux. In humans, especially children, microbiota disruption is common, yet the dynamic microbiome recovery from early-life antibiotics is still uncharacterized. Here we use a mouse model mimicking paediatric antibiotic use and find that therapeutic-dose pulsed antibiotic treatment (PAT) with a beta-lactam or macrolide alters both host and microbiota development. Early-life PAT accelerates total mass and bone growth, and causes progressive changes in gut microbiome diversity, population structure and metagenomic content, with microbiome effects dependent on the number of courses and class of antibiotic. Whereas control microbiota rapidly adapts to a change in diet, PAT slows the ecological progression, with delays lasting several months with previous macrolide exposure. This study identifies key markers of disturbance and recovery, which may help provide therapeutic targets for microbiota restoration following antibiotic treatment.
PPL2ab neurons restore sexual responses in aged Drosophila males through dopamine
Authors: Kuo Shu-Yun , Wu Chia-Lin , Hsieh Min-Yen , Lin Chen-Ta , Wen Rong-Kun , Chen Lien-Cheng , Chen Yu-Hui , Yu Yhu-Wei , Wang Horng-Dar , Su Yi-Ju , Lin Chun-Ju , Yang Cian-Yi , Guan Hsien-Yu , Wang Pei-Yu , Lan Tsuo-Hung , Fu Tsai-Feng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMale sexual desire typically declines with ageing. However, our understanding of the neurobiological basis for this phenomenon is limited by our knowledge of the brain circuitry and neuronal pathways controlling male sexual desire. A number of studies across species suggest that dopamine (DA) affects sexual desire. Here we use genetic tools and behavioural assays to identify a novel subset of DA neurons that regulate age-associated male courtship activity in Drosophila. We find that increasing DA levels in a subset of cells in the PPL2ab neuronal cluster is necessary and sufficient for increased sustained courtship in both young and aged male flies. Our results indicate that preventing the age-related decline in DA levels in PPL2ab neurons alleviates diminished courtship behaviours in male Drosophila. These results may provide the foundation for deciphering the circuitry involved in sexual motivation in the male Drosophila brain.
Supramolecular amplification of amyloid self-assembly by iodination
Authors: Bertolani Arianna , Pirrie Lisa , Stefan Loic , Houbenov Nikolay , Haataja Johannes S. , Catalano Luca , Terraneo Giancarlo , Giancane Gabriele , Valli Ludovico , Milani Roberto , Ikkala Olli , Resnati Giuseppe , Metrangolo Pierangelo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAmyloid supramolecular assemblies have found widespread exploitation as ordered nanomaterials in a range of applications from materials science to biotechnology. New strategies are, however, required for understanding and promoting mature fibril formation from simple monomer motifs through easy and scalable processes. Noncovalent interactions are key to forming and holding the amyloid structure together. On the other hand, the halogen bond has never been used purposefully to achieve control over amyloid self-assembly. Here we show that single atom replacement of hydrogen with iodine, a halogen-bond donor, in the human calcitonin-derived amyloidogenic fragment DFNKF results in a super-gelator peptide, which forms a strong and shape-persistent hydrogel at 30-fold lower concentration than the wild-type pentapeptide. This is remarkable for such a modest perturbation in structure. Iodination of aromatic amino acids may thus develop as a general strategy for the design of new hydrogels from unprotected peptides and without using organic solvents.
Self-organized iron-oxide cementation geometry as an indicator of paleo-flows
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Chan Marjorie A. , Merino Enrique 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWidespread iron oxide precipitation from groundwater in fine-grained red beds displays various patterns, including nodulation, banding and scallops and fingers. Hematite nodules have been reported also from the Meridiani Planum site on Mars and interpreted as evidence for the ancient presence of water on the red planet. Here we show that such patterns can autonomously emerge from a previously unrecognized Ostwald ripening mechanism and they capture rich information regarding ancient chemical and hydrologic environments. A linear instability analysis of the reaction-transport equations suggests that a pattern transition from nodules to bands may result from a symmetry breaking of mineral dissolution and precipitation triggered by groundwater advection. Round nodules tend to develop under nearly stagnant hydrologic conditions, while repetitive bands form in the presence of persistent water flows. Since water circulation is a prerequisite for a sustainable subsurface life, a Martian site with iron oxide precipitation bands, if one were found, may offer a better chance for detecting extraterrestrial biosignatures on Mars than would sites with nodules.
Conservation laws, radiative decay rates and excited state localization in organometallic complexes with strong spin-orbit coupling
Authors: Powell B. J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThere is longstanding fundamental interest in 6-fold coordinatedd6("Equation missing") transition metal complexes such as [Ru(bpy)3]2+and Ir(ppy)3, particularly their phosphorescence. This interest has increased with the growing realisation that many of these complexes have potential uses in applications including photovoltaics, imaging, sensing and light-emitting diodes. In order to design new complexes with properties tailored for specific applications a detailed understanding of the low-energy excited states, particularly the lowest energy triplet state,T1, is required. Here we describe a model of pseudo-octahedral complexes based on a pseudo-angular momentum representation and show that the predictions of this model are in excellent agreement with experiment - even when the deviations from octahedral symmetry are large. This model gives a natural explanation of zero-field splitting ofT1and of the relative radiative rates of the three sublevels in terms of the conservation of time-reversal parity and total angular momentum modulo two. We show that the broad parameter regime consistent with the experimental data implies significant localization of the excited state.
Pyridine-type alkaloid composition affects bacterial community composition of floral nectar
Authors: Aizenberg-Gershtein Yana , Izhaki Ido , Santhanam Rakesh , Kumar Pavan , Baldwin Ian T. , Halpern Malka 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPyridine-type alkaloids are most common in Nicotiana species. To study the effect of alkaloid composition on bacterial community composition in floral nectar, we compared the nicotine-rich wild type (WT) N. attenuata, the nicotine biosynthesis-silenced N. attenuata that was rich in anatabine and the anabasine-rich WT N. glauca plants. We found that the composition of these secondary metabolites in the floral nectar drastically affected the bacterial community richness, diversity and composition. Significant differences were found between the bacterial community compositions in the nectar of the three plants with a much greater species richness and diversity in the nectar from the transgenic plant. The highest community composition similarity index was detected between the two wild type plants. The different microbiome composition and diversity, caused by the different pyridine-type alkaloid composition, could modify the nutritional content of the nectar and consequently, may contribute to the change in the nectar consumption and visitation. These may indirectly have an effect on plant fitness.
Rapid endosomal escape of prickly nanodiamonds: implications for gene delivery
Authors: Chu Zhiqin , Miu Kaikei , Lung Pingsai , Zhang Silu , Zhao Saisai , Chang Huan-Cheng , Lin Ge , Li Quan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe prickly nanodiamonds easily entered cells via endocytosis followed by unique intracellular translocation characteristics—quick endosomal escape followed by stable residence in cytoplasm. Endosomal membrane rupturing is identified as the major route of nanodiamonds’ escaping the vesicle confinement and to the cytoplasm. Little cytotoxicity is observed to associate with the nanodiamonds’ cytosolic release. Such features enable its application for gene delivery, which requires both effective cellular uptake and cytosolic release of the gene. Taking green fluorescent protein gene as an example, we demonstrate the successful cytosolic delivery and expression of such a gene using the prickly nanodiamonds as carrier.
An Interfacial Europium Complex on SiO2 Nanoparticles: Reduction-Induced Blue Emission System
Authors: Ishii Ayumi , Hasegawa Miki 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this study, Eu-coated SiO2 nanoparticles have been prepared, consisting of an interfacial complex of Eu and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) at the solid surfaces of the SiO2/Eu nanostructures. The as-prepared SiO2/Eu/phen nanoparticles exhibits sharp red emission via energy transfer from the phen to the EuIII. After sintering at 200 °C in air, the emission is tuned from red to blue. The blue emission is originated from EuII. This reduction-induced emissive phenomenon resulted from the electron-donating environment created by the surrounding phen and SiO2, which is the first reported fabrication of a stable EuII-based emissive material using mild conditions (reaction in air and at low temperature) and an organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructure. The existence of two different stable oxidation states with characteristic emissions, blue emissive EuII and red emissive EuIII, suggests significant potential applications as novel luminescent materials with inorganic-organic hybrid structures.
Direct Reading of Bona Fide Barcode Assays for Diagnostics with Smartphone Apps
Authors: Wong Jessica X. H. , Li Xiaochun , Liu Frank S. F. , Yu Hua-Zhong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe desire to develop new point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools has led to the adaptation of smartphones to tackle limitations in state-of-the-art instrumentation and centralized laboratory facilities. Today’s smartphones possess the computer-like ability to image and process data using mobile apps; barcode scanners are one such type of apps. We demonstrate herein that a diagnostic assay can be performed by patterning immunoassay strips in a bona fide barcode format such that after target binding and signal enhancement, the linear barcode can be read directly with a standard smartphone app. Quantitative analysis can then be performed based on the grayscale intensities with a customized mobile app. This novel diagnostic concept has been validated for a real-world application, i.e., the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin, a pregnancy hormone. With the possibility of multiplex detection, the barcode assay protocol promises to boost POC diagnosis research by the direct adaptation of mobile devices and apps.
A Broadband Bessel Beam Launcher Using Metamaterial Lens
Authors: Qing Qi Mei , Tang Wen Xuan , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn approach of generating broadband Bessel beams is presented. The broadband Bessel beams are produced by a gradient index (GRIN) metamaterial lens illuminated by broadband waveguide antenna. The metamaterial lens is constructed with multi-layered structure and each layer is composed of GRIN metamaterials. The metamaterials are designed as dielectric plates printed with metallic patterns in the center region and drilled by air holes near the edge, which operate in wide band. The metamaterial lens serves as a convertor which transforms the spherical beams emitted from feed into conical beams. The conical beams form quasi-Bessel beams in the near-field region. The aperture diameter of the GRIN lens is much larger than the operating wavelength to guarantee the transformation. In principle, this kind of metamaterial lens can produce Bessel beams at arbitrary distance by designing the refractive-index distribution. To verify the approach, we have designed, fabricated and tested a metamaterial lens. Full-wave simulation and experiment results have proved that the generated Bessel beams can be maintained in distance larger than 1 meter within a ranging from 12 GHz to 18 GHz.
Tracking ongoing cognition in individuals using brief, whole-brain functional connectivity patterns
Authors: Gonzalez-Castillo Javier , Hoy Colin W. , Handwerker Daniel A. , Robinson Meghan E. , Buchanan Laura C. , Saad Ziad S. , Bandettini Peter A. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Recently, it was shown that functional connectivity patterns exhibit complex spatiotemporal dynamics at the scale of tens of seconds. Of particular interest is the observation of a limited set of quasi-stable, whole-brain, recurring configurations—commonly referred to as functional connectivity states (FC states)—hypothesized to reflect the continuous flux of cognitive processes. Here, to test this hypothesis, subjects were continuously scanned as they engaged in and transitioned between mental states dictated by tasks. We demonstrate that there is a strong relationship between FC states and ongoing cognition that permits accurate tracking of mental states in individual subjects. We also demonstrate how informative changes in connectivity are not restricted solely to those regions with sustained elevations in activity during task performance.
Synchronizing theta oscillations with direct-current stimulation strengthens adaptive control in the human brain
Authors: Reinhart Robert M. G. , Zhu Julia , Park Sohee , Woodman Geoffrey F. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
The ability to exert control over our behavior is fundamental to human cognition, and is impaired in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we show evidence for the neural mechanisms of adaptive control that distinguish healthy people from people who have schizophrenia. We found that the noninvasive electrical stimulation phase aligns low-frequency brain rhythms and enhances functional connectivity. This brain stimulation modulated the temporal structure of low-frequency oscillations and synchrony, improving adaptive control. Moreover, we found that causal changes in the low-frequency oscillations improved behavioral responses to errors and long-range connectivity at the single-trial level. These results implicate theories of executive control and cortical dysconnectivity, and point to the possible development of nonpharmacological treatment alternatives for neuropsychiatric conditions.
New Age of Fishes initiated by the Cretaceous−Paleogene mass extinction
Authors: Sibert Elizabeth C. , Norris Richard D. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Ray-finned fishes are the most diverse and ecologically dominant group of vertebrates on the planet. Previous molecular phylogenies and paleontological studies have shown that modern ray-finned fishes (crown teleosts) radiated sometime in the Late Cretaceous or early Paleogene. Our data suggest that crown teleosts came into their current dominant ecological role in pelagic ecosystems immediately following the Cretaceous−Paleogene mass extinction 66 million years ago by filling newly vacated ecological niches and marking the beginning of an “age of ray-finned fishes.” Our study is, to our knowledge, the first geographically comprehensive, high-resolution study of marine vertebrate communities across the extinction.
Sex hormone-dependent tRNA halves enhance cell proliferation in breast and prostate cancers
Authors: Honda Shozo , Loher Phillipe , Shigematsu Megumi , Palazzo Juan P. , Suzuki Ryusuke , Imoto Issei , Rigoutsos Isidore , Kirino Yohei 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Although transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are best known as adapter molecules essential for translation, recent biochemical and computational evidence has led to a previously unexpected conceptual consensus that tRNAs are not always end products but can further serve as a source of small functional RNAs. Here we report that a novel type of tRNA-derived small RNA, termed SHOT-RNAs, are specifically and abundantly expressed in sex hormone-dependent breast and prostate cancers. SHOT-RNAs are produced from aminoacylated mature tRNAs by angiogenin-mediated cleavage of the anticodon loop, which is promoted by sex hormones and their receptors. We identified the complete repertoire of SHOT-RNAs, and also found their functional significance in cell proliferation. These results have unveiled a novel tRNA-engaged pathway in tumorigenesis.
Pre- and postexposure efficacy of fully human antibodies against Spike protein in a novel humanized mouse model of MERS-CoV infection
Authors: Pascal Kristen E. , Coleman Christopher M. , Mujica Alejandro O. , Kamat Vishal , Badithe Ashok , Fairhurst Jeanette , Hunt Charleen , Strein John , Berrebi Alexander , Sisk Jeanne M. , Matthews Krystal L. , Babb Robert , Chen Gang , Lai Ka-Man V. , Huang Tammy T. , Olson William , Yancopoulos George D. , Stahl Neil , Frieman Matthew B. , Kyratsous Christos A. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Traditional approaches for development of antibodies are poorly suited to combating the emergence of novel pathogens, as they require multiple steps of laborious optimization and process adaptation for clinical development. Here, we describe the simultaneous use of two state-of-the-art technologies to rapidly generate and validate antibodies against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), following a highly optimized process that links immunization to production of clinical material grade antibodies and developed promising clinical candidates for prophylaxis and treatment of MERS-CoV, and a humanized mouse model of infection that was used to evaluate our therapeutics. This study forms the basis for a rapid response to address the public threat resulting from emerging coronaviruses or other pathogens that pose a serious threat to human health in the future.