bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sublinear bilipschitz equivalence and sublinearly Morse boundaries
Authors: Pallier Gabriel , Qing Yulan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA sublinear bilipschitz equivalence (SBE) between metric spaces is a map from one space to another that distorts distances with bounded multiplicative constants and sublinear additive error. Given any sublinear function, the associated sublinearly Morse boundaries are defined for all geodesic proper metric spaces as a quasi‐isometrically invariant and metrizable topological space of quasi‐geodesic rays. In this paper, we prove that sublinearly‐Morse boundaries of proper geodesic metric spaces are invariant under suitable SBEs. A tool in the proof is the use of sublinear rays, that is, sublinear bilispchitz embeddings of the half line, generalizing quasi‐geodesic rays. As an application, we distinguish a pair of right‐angled Coxeter groups brought up by Behrstock up to SBE. We also show that under mild assumptions, generic random walks on countable groups are sublinear rays.
Correlations of the Riemann zeta function
Authors: Curran Michael J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAssuming the Riemann hypothesis, we investigate the shifted moments of the zeta function
introduced by Chandee Q. J. Math. 62(2011), no. 3, 545–572, where and satisfy and . We shall prove
This improves upon the previous best known bounds due to Chandee and Ng, Shen, and Wong [Can. J. Math. Published online 2023:1–31. DOI 10.4153/S0008414X23000548], particularly when the differences are unbounded as . The key insight is to combine work of Heap, Radziwiłł, and Soundararajan [Q. J. Math. 70 (2019), no. 4, 1387–1396] and work of the author [arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.10634 (2023)] with the work of Harper [arXiv preprint arXiv.1305.4618 (2013)] on the moments of the zeta function.
The role of FraI in cell–cell communication and differentiation in the hormogonia-forming cyanobacterium
Nostoc punctiforme
Authors: Janović Ana , Maldener Iris , Menzel Claudia , Parrett Gabriel A. , Risser Douglas D. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Multicellular cyanobacteria, like
Nostoc punctiforme,
rely on septal junctions for cell–cell communication, which is crucial for coordinating various physiological processes including differentiation of N
2
-fixing heterocysts, spore-like akinetes, and hormogonia—short, motile filaments important for dispersal. In this study, we functionally characterize a protein, encoded by gene Npun_F4142, which in a random mutagenesis approach, initially showed a motility-related function. The reconstructed Npun_F4142 knockout mutant exhibits further distinct phenotypic traits, including altered hormogonia formation with significant reduced motility, inability to differentiate heterocysts and filament fragmentation. For that reason, we named the protein FraI (fragmentation phenotype). The mutant displays severely impaired cell–cell communication, due to almost complete absence of the nanopore array in the septal cell wall, which is an essential part of the septal junctions. Despite lack of communication, hormogonia in the Δ
fraI
mutant maintain motility and phototactic behavior, even though less pronounced than the wild type (WT). This suggests an alternative mechanism for coordinated movement beyond septal junctions. Our study underscores the significance of FraI in nanopore formation and cell differentiation, and provides additional evidence for the importance of septal junction formation and communication in various differentiation traits of cyanobacteria. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the regulatory networks governing multicellular cyanobacterial behavior, with implications for broader insights into microbial multicellularity.

IMPORTANCE

The filament-forming cyanobacterium
Nostoc punctiforme
serves as a valuable model for studying cell differentiation, including the formation of nitrogen-fixing heterocysts and hormogonia. Hormogonia filaments play a crucial role in dispersal and plant colonization, providing a nitrogen source through atmospheric nitrogen fixation, thus holding promise for fertilizer-free agriculture. The coordination among the hormogonia cells enabling uniform movement toward the positive signal remains poorly understood. This study investigates the role of septal junction-mediated communication in hormogonia differentiation and motility, by studying a Δ
fraI
mutant with significantly impaired communication. Surprisingly, impaired communication does not abolish synchronized filament movement, suggesting an alternative coordination mechanism. These findings deepen our understanding of cyanobacterial biology and have broader implications for multicellular behavior in prokaryotes.
Elliptic Analogue of the Vershik–Kerov Limit Shape
Authors: Grekov Andrei , Nekrasov Nikita 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We review the limit shape problem for the Plancherel measure and its generalizations found in supersymmetric gauge theory instanton count. We focus on the measure, interpolating between the Plancherel measure and the uniform measure, a $$U(1)$$ case of $$\mathcal{N}=2^{*}$$ gauge theory. We give the formula for its limit shape in terms of elliptic functions, generalizing the trigonometric “arcsin” law of Vershik–Kerov and Logan–Schepp.
Antibiotic use among extremely low birth-weight infants from 2009 to 2021: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Flannery Dustin D , Zevallos Barboza Alvaro , Mukhopadhyay Sagori , Gerber Jeffrey S , McDonough Molly , Shu Di , Hennessy Sean , Wade Kelly C , Puopolo Karen M 
Published: July 2024

Objective
To assess trends in antibiotic use across a large cohort of extremely low birth-weight (<1000 g; ELBW) infants admitted to academic and community neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across the USA over a 13-year period.

Design
Repeated cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting
Premier Health Database, a comprehensive administrative database of inpatient encounters from academic and community hospitals across the US.

Patients
ELBW inborn infants admitted to NICUs from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2021.

Interventions
N/A

Main outcome measures
Absolute and relative changes in (1) proportion of ELBW infants with antibiotic exposure and (2) days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient days, over time. Average annual differences were estimated using generalised linear regression with 95% CI. Disposition trends were also measured.

Results
Among 36 701 infants admitted to 402 NICUs, the proportion exposed to antibiotics was essentially unchanged (89.9% in 2009 to 89.3% in 2021; absolute reduction of −0.6%); generalised linear regression estimated an annual absolute difference of −0.3% (95% CI (−0.6%) to (−0.07%); p=0.01). DOT per 1000 patient days decreased from 337 in 2009 to 210 in 2021, a 37.8% relative difference and annual relative difference of −4.3% ((−5.2%) to (−3.5%); p<0.001). Mortality was unchanged during the study period.

Conclusions
We found a substantial reduction in antibiotic DOT despite no substantive change in the proportion of infants exposed to antibiotics. This suggests the success of stewardship efforts aimed at antibiotic duration and highlight the need for improved approaches to identifying ELBW infants at highest risk of infection.
Association between blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio and 3-month outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study from a large healthcare system
Authors: Wang Liumin , Zhu Xinmei , Li Hui , Jia Boluo , Xie Wen , Zhang Yanli , Wang Lina , Liu Ling , Li Mingquan 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThe blood urea nitrogen to creatinine (BUN/Cr) ratio is associated with early neurological deterioration in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). However, the predictive value of the BUN/Cr ratio for the AIS prognosis remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the correlation between the BUN/Cr ratio and the 3-month outcome in patients with AIS, further testing their dose–response relationship.DesignThis retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with AIS who were admitted between 1 January 2013 and 31 May 2022. Poor clinical outcome was defined as 3-month Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) >2. Cox proportional HR was used to evaluate the correlation between the BUN/Cr ratio and 3-month outcome. Restricted cubic spline and robust locally weighted regression analyses were conducted to determine the dose–response relationship between the BUN/Cr ratio and the 3-month outcome.ResultsA total of 4952 eligible patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of BUN/Cr ratio (T1, <0.071; T2, 0.071–0.093; and T3, >0.093). After logistic regression adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics, the BUN/Cr ratio was found to be independently associated with the 3-month outcome in patients with AIS. The restricted cubic spline and locally regression smoothing scatterplot graph showed a strong dose–response relationship between the BUN/Cr ratio and the 3-month outcome in patients with AIS.ConclusionA dose–response relationship was observed between the BUN/Cr ratio and the 3-month outcome in patients with AIS, suggesting that the BUN/Cr ratio could serve as a reliable predictor for the AIS prognosis.
The star–square relation and the generalized star–triangle relation from 3d supersymmetric dualities I
Authors: Mullahasanoglu Mustafa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe study duality transformations of the star–square relation and the generalized star–triangle relation for Ising-like lattice spin models. The lattice spin models are obtained via gauge/YBE correspondence which connects the supersymmetric gauge theories and lattice spin models of statistical mechanics. By the use of integral identities coming from the duality of three-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories, we construct hyperbolic, lens hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational solutions to the duality transformations. These duality transformations allow us to construct spin lattice models with four-spin (the star–square relation) and three-spin (the generalized star–triangle relation) interactions.
Illness Trajectories After Revascularization in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: A Unified Approach to Understanding the Risk of Major Amputation and Death
Authors: Li Qiuju , Birmpili Panagiota , Atkins Eleanor , Johal Amundeep S. , Waton Sam , Williams Robin , Boyle Jonathan R. , Harkin Denis W. , Pherwani Arun D. , Cromwell David A. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
The aim of this study was to investigate the illness trajectories of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) after revascularization and estimate the independent risks of major amputation and death (from any cause) and their interaction.

METHODS:
Data from Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care were used to identify patients (≥50 years of age) who underwent lower limb revascularization for PAD in England from April 2013 to March 2020. A Markov illness–death model was developed to describe patterns of survival after the initial lower limb revascularization, if and when patients experienced major amputation, and survival after amputation. The model was also used to investigate the association between patient characteristics and these illness trajectories. We also analyzed the relative contribution of deaths after amputation to overall mortality and how the risk of mortality after amputation was related to the time from the index revascularization to amputation.

RESULTS:
The study analyzed 94 690 patients undergoing lower limb revascularization for PAD from 2013 to 2020. The majority were men (65.6%), and the median age was 72 years (interquartile range, 64–79). One-third (34.8%) of patients had nonelective revascularization, whereas others had elective procedures. For nonelective patients, the amputation rate was 15.2% (95% CI, 14.4–16.0) and 19.9% (19.0–20.8) at 1 and 5 years after revascularization, respectively. For elective patients, the corresponding amputation rate was 2.7% (95% CI, 2.4–3.1) and 5.3% (4.9–5.8). Overall, the risk of major amputation was higher among patients who were younger, had tissue loss, diabetes, greater frailty, nonelective revascularization, and more distal procedures. The mortality rate at 5 years after revascularization was 64.3% (95% CI, 63.2–65.5) for nonelective patients and 33.0% (32.0–34.1) for elective patients. After major amputation, patients were at an increased risk of mortality if they underwent major amputation within 6 months after the index revascularization.

CONCLUSIONS:
The illness–death model provides an integrated framework to understand patient outcomes after lower limb revascularization for PAD. Although mortality increased with age, the study highlights patients <60 years of age were at increased risk of major amputation, particularly after nonelective revascularization.
Pre-Injury Statin Exposure is Associated With Improved Outcomes in Injured Patients That Receive Whole Blood
Authors: Stettler Gregory R. , Bouldin Bethany , Rebo Kristin A. , Arafeh Mohamed-Omar S. , Carmichael Samuel P. , Mowery Nathan T. , Nunn Andrew M. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Whole blood (WB) is associated with improved mortality while lowering blood product utilization. Furthermore, statin medications are associated with favorable outcomes in traumatic brain injury and risk reduction of venous thromboembolism. However, the use of statin medications has not been evaluated in those receiving WB. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of pre-injury statin exposure on patients receiving WB. Methods: Patients that underwent WB first resuscitation and received pre-injury statins were compared to those that did not receive pre-injury statins. Demographics as well as complication rates, blood product transfusion volumes, and mortality were evaluated. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to determine independent predictors of mortality. Results: In the study period, 785 patients received WB as part of their resuscitation. One hundred and thirty five patients (17.3%) took statin medications prior to injury. Patients that were exposed to a pre-injury statin had a lower mortality rate than those that were not exposed (21.5% vs 32.5%, P = .01). After adjusting for imbalances, age, ISS, Glasgow Coma Scale, admission systolic blood pressures, and pre-injury statin use were independent predictors of mortality following multiple logistic regression. When evaluating outcomes based on statin intensity, the use of high-intensity statins was associated with lower mortality (OR: .37, 95% CI: .13-.93), whereas moderate and low-intensity statins were not. Conclusion: In patients resuscitated with WB, pre-injury statins use was associated with improved outcomes. Specifically, patients that received high-intensity pre-injury statins appeared to be the population that benefited.
Is It Possible to Prevent Nontherapeutic Laparotomies in Breast Cancer Patients With Isolated Adnexal Masses?
Authors: Aslan Koray , Kabakçı Mükiye , Zengin Aksel Tuba , Atalay Funda 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The risk of ovarian malignancy is increasing in patients with a history of breast cancer. Thus, well-defined predictors of ovarian malignancy should be identified to determine surgical or conservative management of adnexal masses in women with breast cancer. This study aimed to clarify the predictors of malignant ovarian tumors in patients with breast cancer with an isolated adnexal mass. Methods: Breast cancer patients diagnosed with an adnexal mass who underwent surgery between 2010 and 2021 at a tertiary cancer center were included in the study. Patients with suspected extra ovarian metastases were excluded. Results: A total of 40 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery for ovarian masses were identified. 23 (57.5%) women had benign ovarian tumors and 17 (42.5%) had malignant ovarian tumors. Among the malignant ovarian tumors, there were three (17.6%) metastatic breast cancers in the ovary and 14 (82.4%) primary ovarian cancers. In univariate analyses, the risk of malignant ovarian tumors increased in women with age >52 years ( P = .012), postmenopausal status ( P = .023), CA 125 ≥ 35 IU/ml ( P = .001), CA 15-3 ≥ 32 IU/ml ( P = .002), and complex ovarian masses ( P < .001). Ovarian malignancies were observed in 82.4% of patients who had complex ovarian masses. Conclusion: Ovarian malignancies were diagnosed in 82.4% of the breast cancers who had complex ovarian mass on USG examination. Therefore, surgery is recommended in women with complex ovarian masses. Postmenopausal status, age >52 years, CA 125 ≥ 35 IU/ml, and CA 15-3 ≥ 32 were other risk factors for ovarian malignancy.
Can a Sense of Shared War Experience Increase Refugee Acceptance?
Authors: Hong Ji Yeon , Mo Cecilia Hyunjung , Paik Christopher 
Published: July 2024

How can one increase openness towards conflict refugees in states that have experienced conflict? While highlighting shared war experience may reduce hostility toward refugees by enabling people to better understand the plight of refugees, it may also foment higher levels of out-group antipathy due to heightened feelings of threat. To answer this question, we leverage the context of South Korea, a country that technically remains at war with North Korea for more than 70 years and yet attracts asylum seekers as an advanced economy. This provides a hard case to shift residents' refugee acceptance, as challenges associated with accepting refugees are amplified with ongoing threat concerns. Employing an original survey, we find that when the parallels between the human costs of the Korean War and current conflicts are underscored, refugee acceptance increases, particularly among those whose families were displaced by the war. Moreover, this strategy is more effective than perspective-taking exercises.
Deep learning image reconstruction for low-kiloelectron volt virtual monoenergetic images in abdominal dual-energy CT: medium strength provides higher lesion conspicuity
Authors: Zhong Jingyu , Hu Yangfan , Xing Yue , Wang Lingyun , Li Jianying , Lu Wei , Shi Xiaomeng , Ding Defang , Ge Xiang , Zhang Huan , Yao Weiwu 
Published: July 2024

Background The best settings of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm for abdominal low-kiloelectron volt (keV) virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) have not been determined. Purpose To determine the optimal settings of the DLIR algorithm for abdominal low-keV VMI. Material and Methods The portal-venous phase computed tomography (CT) scans of 109 participants with 152 lesions were reconstructed into four image series: VMI at 50 keV using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (Asir-V) at 50% blending (AV-50); and VMI at 40 keV using AV-50 and DLIR at medium (DLIR-M) and high strength (DLIR-H). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of nine anatomical sites were calculated. Noise power spectrum (NPS) using homogenous region of liver, and edge rise slope (ERS) at five edges were measured. Five radiologists rated image quality and diagnostic acceptability, and evaluated the lesion conspicuity. Results The SNR and CNR values, and noise and noise peak in NPS measurements, were significantly lower in DLIR images than AV-50 images in all anatomical sites (all P < 0.001). The ERS values were significantly higher in 40-keV images than 50-keV images at all edges (all P < 0.001). The differences of the peak and average spatial frequency among the four reconstruction algorithms were significant but relatively small. The 40-keV images were rated higher with DLIR-M than DLIR-H for diagnostic acceptance ( P < 0.001) and lesion conspicuity ( P = 0.010). Conclusion DLIR provides lower noise, higher sharpness, and more natural texture to allow 40 keV to be a new standard for routine VMI reconstruction for the abdomen and DLIR-M gains higher diagnostic acceptance and lesion conspicuity rating than DLIR-H.
Exploring the impact of excluding intrahepatic segmental vessels on liver stiffness measurement and advanced fibrosis diagnosis using magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Kim Wook , Hwang Jeong Ah , Min Ji Hye , Lee Sunyoung , Lee Ji Eun , Shin Jaeseung , Jeong Woo Kyoung 
Published: July 2024

Background The impact of excluding intrahepatic segmental vessels from regions of interest (ROIs) on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) via magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) remains uncertain. Purpose To determine the effect of excluding intrahepatic segmental vessels from ROIs on LSM obtained from MRE. Material and Methods This retrospective analysis included 95 participants who underwent successful two-dimensional gradient recalled-echo MRE before hepatic tumor resection (n = 49) or living liver donation (n = 46). The conventional LSM was determined by manually drawing ROIs on the elastogram within the 95% confidence region, staying 1 cm within the liver capsule and excluding large hilar vessels, the gallbladder, hepatic lesions, and artifacts. In addition, the modified LSM was determined by excluding intrahepatic segmental vessels. LSMs obtained by the two methods were compared with paired sample signed-rank test. Diagnostic performance for advanced fibrosis was calculated and compared using McNemar's test and Delong's test. The stage of hepatic fibrosis was assessed using surgical specimens by the METAVIR system. Results The modified LSM was larger than the conventional LSM (2.4 kPa vs. 2.2 kPa in reader 1; 2.7 kPa vs. 2.4 kPa in reader 2; P < 0.001). The modified LSM showed superior sensitivity (0.841 vs. 0.659 in reader 1; 0.864 vs. 0.705 in reader 2; P < 0.05) and area under the curve (0.901 vs. 0.820 in reader 1; 0.912 vs. 0.843 in reader 2; P < 0.05) for detecting advanced fibrosis (≥F3) than conventional LSM. Conclusion The exclusion of intrahepatic segmental vessels from ROIs in MRE affected the LSM and enhanced diagnostic performance for advanced fibrosis.
Consecutive assessment of recovery after peripheral nerve injury of the sciatic nerve within the same rat using PET/MRI
Authors: Nam Jung Woo , Song Dawei , Kim Hyung Jun 
Published: July 2024

Background Positron emission tomography (PET) has been reported as effective in diagnosing peripheral nerve injury (PNI). However, there is a lack of studies evaluating different degrees of PNI using PET within the same individual to reduce errors due to interindividual differences. Purpose To evaluate the recovery process in the same rat after sciatic nerve injury using PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods Crushing nerve injuries were induced in the left sciatic nerves of six male rats, preserving the right ones. The degree of nerve damage was measured at one, two, three, four, and five weeks postoperatively using three assessment methods: paw withdrawal threshold test ( RevWT); PET ( SUVR); and MRI ( MRSIR). All the representing values of each method are presented as ratio values of the right and left sides in each rat. Results Significant gradual recovery of all rats was observed over time in all the methods. No significant differences in RevWT and MRSIR were observed between before and more than four weeks after injury, whereas a significant difference in SUVR was still observed between before and five weeks after injury ( P = 0.0007). The parameters of all methods decreased significantly over time ( P = 0.000, all), and the explanatory power was significant in RevWT, SUVR, and MRSIR. Conclusion PET and MRI could be valuable non-invasive techniques for diagnosing neuropathic pain resulting from PNI. PET/MRI would be expected to be a more accurate and informative diagnostic tool for PNI than MRI alone.