bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults with Previously Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Descriptive Study from a Middle Eastern Arab Population
Authors: Al-Lawati Jawad A , N. Barakat Mohammed , Al-Zakwani Ibrahim , Elsayed Medhat K. , Al-Maskari Masoud , M Al-Lawati Nawar , Mohammed Ali Jaffer 
Published: November 2012

Background:
Despite the high burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Oman, there are scarce data from a nationally representative sample on the level of glycaemia and other cardiovascular (CVD) risk factor control.

Objective:
To estimate the proportion of patients with T2DM at goal for glycaemia and CVD risk factors using the National Diabetes Guidelines (NDG) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) clinical care guidelines; and to assess the quality of selected services provided to patients with T2DM.

Methods:
A sample of 2,551 patients (47% men) aged ≥20 years with T2DM treated at primary health care centers was selected. Patient characteristics, medical history and treatment were collected from case notes, Diabetes Registers and computer frameworks including the use of the last 3 laboratory investigations results and blood pressure (BP) readings recorded in 2007.

Results:
The overall mean age of the cohort was 54±13 years with an average median duration of diabetes of 4 (range 2 to 6) years. Over 80% of patients were overweight or obese (body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 Kg/m2). Sixty-nine percent were on oral anti-diabetic medication, 52% on anti-hypertensives and 40% on lipid lowering drugs. Thirty percent of patients were at goal for glycosylated haemoglobin level (<7%), 26% for BP (systolic/diastolic <130/80 mmHg), 55% for total cholesterol (<5.2 mmol/l), 4.5% for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<1.8 mmol/l), 52% for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (>1 mmol/l for men, >1.3 mmol/l for women), and 61% for triglycerides (<1.7 mmol/l). Over 37% had micro-albuminuria and 5% had diabetic nephropathy.

Conclusion:
Control of hyperglycaemia and other CVD risk factor appears to be suboptimal in Omani patients with T2DM and need to be addressed in the triad of patient, physician and health system.
The philosophy of logic
Authors: Maddy Penelope 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis talk surveys a range of positions on the fundamental metaphysical and epistemological questions about elementary logic, for example, as a starting point: what is the subject matter of logic—what makes its truths true? how do we come to know the truths of logic? A taxonomy is approached by beginning from well-known schools of thought in the philosophy of mathematics—Logicism, Intuitionism, Formalism, Realism—and sketching roughly corresponding views in the philosophy of logic. Kant, Mill, Frege, Wittgenstein, Carnap, Ayer, Quine, and Putnam are among the philosophers considered along the way.
Effect of fluoride on root resorption following heavy and light orthodontic force application for 4 weeks and 12 weeks of retention
Authors: Karadeniz Ersan I. , Gonzales Carmen , Turk Tamer , Isci Devrim , Sahin-Saglam Aynur M. , Alkis Huseyin , Elekdag-Turk Selma , Darendeliler M. Ali 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTObjective:To evaluate the null hypothesis that fluoride intake via drinking water has no effect on orthodontic root resorption in humans after orthodontic force application for 4 weeks and 12 weeks of retention.Materials and Methods:Forty-eight patients who required maxillary premolar extractions as part of their orthodontic treatment were selected from two cities in Turkey. These cities had a high and low fluoride concentration in public water of ≥2 pm and ≤0.05 pm, respectively. The patients were randomly separated into four groups of 12 each: group 1HH, high fluoride (≥2 ppm) and heavy force (225 g); group 2LH, low fluoride (≤0.05 ppm) and heavy force; group 3HL, high fluoride and light force (25 g); and group 4LL, low fluoride and light force. Light or heavy buccal tipping force was applied on the upper first premolars for 28 days. At day 28, the left premolars were extracted (positive control side); the right premolars (experimental side) were extracted after 12 weeks of retention. The samples were analyzed with microcomputed tomography.Results:On the positive control side, under heavy force application, the high fluoride groups exhibited less root resorption (P  =  .015). On the experimental side, it was found that fluoride reduced the total volume of root resorption craters; however, this effect was not statistically significant (P  =  .237). Moreover, the results revealed that under heavy force application experimental teeth exhibited more root resorption than positive control groups.Conclusion:The null hypothesis could not be rejected. High fluoride intake from public water did not have a beneficial effect on the severity of root resorption after a 4-week orthodontic force application and 12 weeks of passive retention.
Robustness as an image of sustainability: applied conceptualisations and their contribution to sustainable development
Authors: de Goede Douwe M. , Gremmen Bart , Blom-Zandstra Margaretha 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSustainability is a catch-all term in need of more tangible, yet qualitatively measureable operationalisations. This paper discusses the relevance of robustness as an image of sustainability. We argue that robustness has conceptual advantages against sustainability because it is embedded in system thinking and gives direction to operationalisations of sustainable development more than sustainability ever can. We consider conceptualisations of robustness in three TransForum projects which were set up to develop the concept of robustness in agricultural innovation. In these projects, robustness is conceptualised from an engineering perspective in relation to system efficiency and control. We suggest a frame of reference based on two organising principles, and suggest that other conceptualisations of robustness should be taken into account when operationalising sustainable development through robustness.
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder inDSM-5
Authors: Bryant-Waugh Rachel , Kreipe Richard E. 
Published: November 2012

CME Educational Objectives1.Explain the core clinical features of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).2.Understand the diagnostic limitations of feeding disorders of infancy or early childhood inDSM-IV.3.Describe the rationale for the recommendation that ARFID be included inDSM-5.It is well recognized that a number of patients present with a feeding or eating disturbance that is difficult to classify and diagnose usingDSM-IVcriteria.1The frequent use of the diagnosis Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified2has been widely discussed.3In addition, there are a number of presentations familiar to clinicians working in this field that simply do not fit current diagnostic placeholders. This is particularly the case in presentations characterized by restricted or otherwise inadequate eating, most commonly seen in child and adolescent populations,4but also in adults.5Examples include individuals who eat only a very narrow range of foods, and those who restrict their food intake to cope with difficult feelings, an emotional crisis, or an unpleasant experience. Such individuals do not fit the existingDSM-IVfeeding and eating disorder diagnoses; yet they can experience clinically significant levels of impairment in development or functioning, as well as potentially severe medical complications.
Bulimia Nervosa in
DSM-5
Authors: Wolfe Barbara E. , Hannon-Engel Sandra L. , Mitchell James E. 
Published: November 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Outline the core clinical features of bulimia nervosa (BN).

2.

Describe the concerns surrounding the
DSM-IV
criteria for BN.

3.

Understand the rationale for changes in the diagnostic criteria for BN as recommended for
DSM-5
.

Bulimia nervosa, a disorder first introduced as “bulimia” in the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition
,
1
is characterized by recurrent binge eating episodes followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors (such as, self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, excessive exercising, and fasting) to prevent weight gain. The disorder is more common in females than in males, with onset typically in adolescence and young adulthood.
2
Binge Eating Disorder in
DSM-5
Authors: De Young Kyle P. , Lavender Jason M. , Wilson G. Terence , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: November 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Describe the core clinical features of binge eating disorder (BED).

2.

State the diagnostic criteria for BED in
DSM-IV
.

3.

Note the rationale for changes regarding BED recommended for
DSM-5
.

A pattern of binge eating episodes associated with marked distress is the defining feature of binge eating disorder, recommended by the Eating Disorders Work Group for inclusion in the Feeding and Eating Disorders section of the forthcoming
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
, Fifth Edition (
DSM-5
).
Association of Surgeon Experience With Outcomes of Femtosecond LASIK
Authors: Shtein Roni M. , Michelotti Monica M. , Kaplan Ariane , Mian Shahzad I. 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To determine effect of surgeon experience on outcomes of LASIK.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective case series of myopic femtosecond LASIK performed by residents and fellows compared to an attending surgeon, with mean follow-up of 6.6 months.

RESULTS:

Seventy-two eyes (38 patients) had LASIK performed by a trainee and 157 eyes (83 patients) by an attending surgeon. There were no statistically significant preoperative differences. The attending surgeon had lower mean flap thickness (
P
= .0001), but ablation depth and residual stromal bed were similar. Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity was significantly better in the experienced surgeon group on the first postoperative day (
P
= .0203). Postoperative findings of microstriae (
P
< .0001) and interface debris (
P
= .0034) were more common with trainee-performed LASIK.

CONCLUSION:
Visual outcomes are excellent after femtosecond LASIK performed by trainees and experienced surgeons. Early postoperative complications are more common in trainee-performed LASIK, but are not visually significant. Resident and fellow LASIK surgical training with a comprehensive refractive curriculum under the guidance of an experienced surgeon is safe and appropriate.
Intrasession Reproducibility of RNFL Thickness Measurements Using SD-OCT in Eyes With Keratoconus
Authors: Reibaldi Michele , Uva Maurizio G. , Avitabile Teresio , Toro Mario D. , Zagari Marco , Mariotti Cesare , Cennamo Gilda , Reibaldi Alfredo , Longo Antonio 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the intrasession reproducibility of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements obtained by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in eyes with keratoconus and normal eyes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Peripapillary RNFL thickness measurements with SD-OCT were repeated three times during the same visit using the eye tracker and retest function in one eye of each participant. Reproducibility was evaluated using within-subject standard deviation (Sw), coefficient of variation (CV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

RESULTS:
For the overall global RNFL thickness, the values of the three parameters were Sw (± 1.96 standard error) 1.43 ± 0.24, CV 1.28%, ICC (95% confidence interval) 0.969 (range: 0.947–0.983) in control eyes and Sw (± 1.96 standard error) from 1.41 ± 0.26 to 1.57 ± 0.34, CV from 1.18% to 1.37%, and ICC (95% confidence interval) from 0.951 (range: 0.909–0.976) to 0.977 (range: 0.938–0.993) in eyes with keratoconus.

CONCLUSION:
Measurement of peripapillary RNFL thickness by SD-OCT shows a good intrasession reproducibility in eyes with keratoconus.
Automated Detection of the Foveal Center Improves SD-OCT Measurements of Central Retinal Thickness
Authors: Wang Fenghua , Gregori Giovanni , Rosenfeld Philip J. , Lujan Brandon J. , Durbin Mary K. , Bagherinia Homayoun 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the performance of an automated foveal center detection algorithm on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Fifty normal eyes and 50 eyes with early stage dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were analyzed. The actual scan center (SC), automatically detected foveal center (AF), and manually identified foveal center (MF) were compared.

RESULTS:

The mean of the radial distances was 89 ± 120 μm from MF to SC and 54 ± 41 μm from MF to AF for normal eyes and 179 ± 125 μm from SC to MF and 104 ± 62 μm from AF to MF for eyes with AMD. The differences were statistically significant (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSION:
The automated algorithm designed to detect the foveal center was more accurate in detecting the foveal center than relying on the fixation target of the SD-OCT instrument.
Mice Deficient in Ficolin, a Lectin Complement Pathway Recognition Molecule, Are Susceptible to Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection
Authors: Endo Yuichi , Takahashi Minoru , Iwaki Daisuke , Ishida Yumi , Nakazawa Naomi , Kodama Toshihisa , Matsuzaka Tomohiro , Kanno Kazuko , Liu Yu , Tsuchiya Kohsuke , Kawamura Ikuo , Ikawa Masahito , Waguri Satoshi , Wada Ikuo , Matsushita Misao , Schwaeble Wilhelm J. , Fujita Teizo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolin are complexed with MBL-associated serine proteases, key enzymes of complement activation via the lectin pathway, and act as soluble pattern recognition molecules in the innate immune system. Although numerous reports have revealed the importance of MBL in infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders, the role of ficolin is still unclear. To define the specific role of ficolin in vivo, we generated model mice deficient in ficolins. The ficolin A (FcnA)–deficient (Fcna−/−) and FcnA/ficolin B double-deficient (Fcna−/−b−/−) mice lacked FcnA-mediated complement activation in the sera, because of the absence of complexes comprising FcnA and MBL-associated serine proteases. When the host defense was evaluated by transnasal infection with a Streptococcus pneumoniae strain, which was recognized by ficolins, but not by MBLs, the survival rate was significantly reduced in all three ficolin-deficient (Fcna−/−, Fcnb−/−, and Fcna−/−b−/−) mice compared with wild-type mice. Reconstitution of the FcnA-mediated lectin pathway in vivo improved survival rate in Fcna−/− but not in Fcna−/−b−/− mice, suggesting that both FcnA and ficolin B are essential in defense against S. pneumoniae. These results suggest that ficolins play a crucial role in innate immunity against pneumococcal infection through the lectin complement pathway.
Serum-Derived Plasminogen Is Activated by Apoptotic Cells and Promotes Their Phagocytic Clearance
Authors: Rosenwald Matthias , Koppe Uwe , Keppeler Hildegard , Sauer Guido , Hennel Roman , Ernst Anne , Blume Karin Erika , Peter Christoph , Herrmann Martin , Belka Claus , Schulze-Osthoff Klaus , Wesselborg Sebastian , Lauber Kirsten 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The elimination of apoptotic cells, called efferocytosis, is fundamentally important for tissue homeostasis and prevents the onset of inflammation and autoimmunity. Serum proteins are known to assist in this complex process. In the current study, we performed a multistep chromatographic fractionation of human serum and identified plasminogen, a protein involved in fibrinolysis, wound healing, and tissue remodeling, as a novel serum-derived factor promoting apoptotic cell removal. Even at levels significantly lower than its serum concentration, purified plasminogen strongly enhanced apoptotic prey cell internalization by macrophages. Plasminogen acted mainly on prey cells, whereas on macrophages no enhancement of the engulfment process was observed. We further demonstrate that the efferocytosis-promoting activity essentially required the proteolytic activation of plasminogen and was completely abrogated by the urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and serine protease inhibitor aprotinin. Thus, our study assigns a new function to plasminogen and plasmin in apoptotic cell clearance.
Cutting Edge: FcγRIII (CD16) and FcγRI (CD64) Are Responsible for Anti-Glycoprotein 75 Monoclonal Antibody TA99 Therapy for Experimental Metastatic B16 Melanoma
Authors: Albanesi Marcello , Mancardi David A. , Macdonald Lynn E. , Iannascoli Bruno , Zitvogel Laurence , Murphy Andrew J. , Leusen Jeanette H. , Bruhns Pierre 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
mAb therapy for experimental metastatic melanoma relies on activating receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (FcγR). Opposing results on the respective contribution of mouse FcγRI, FcγRIII, and FcγRIV have been reported using the gp75-expressing B16 melanoma and the protective anti-gp75 mAb TA99. We analyzed the contribution of FcγRs to this therapy model using bioluminescent measurement of lung metastases loads, novel mouse strains, and anti-FcγR blocking mAbs. We found that the TA99 mAb-mediated effects in a combination therapy using cyclophosphamide relied on activating FcγRs. The combination therapy, however, was not more efficient than mAb therapy alone. We demonstrate that FcγRI and, unexpectedly, FcγRIII contributed to TA99 mAb therapeutic effects, whereas FcγRIV did not. Therefore, FcγRIII and FcγRI are, together, responsible for anti-gp75 mAb therapy of B16 lung metastases. Our finding that mouse FcγRIII contributes to Ab-induced tumor reduction correlates with clinical data on its human functional equivalent human FcγRIIIA (CD16A).
Predicting Willingness to Donate Organs According to the Demographic Characteristics of the Deceased's Family
Authors: Ashkenazi Tamar , Klein Moti 
Published: November 2012

Background Transplant professionals need to gain a better understanding of the factors that facilitate willingness to donate a family member's organs, in order to increase the rate of organ donation. Objective To conduct an integrated analysis of demographic data relating to key family members, so as to help transplant professionals predict the likelihood that family members would be willing to donate organs. Method Demographic variables were collected on 753 brain-dead patients and 995 first-degree relatives in 20 Israeli hospitals from 2004 to 2009. The data were recorded by transplant coordinators who used a uniform format to document meetings with next of kin. The data were analyzed by using the Chaid Statistical Test from the SPSS statistical package. Results In this total study population, the most significant factor affecting the decision to donate was religion. With increasing religiousness, the likelihood of consent decreased. A large disparity was apparent among Moslems, Christians, and Jews. Within the religious groups, education (Jews), familial proximity to the deceased (Christians and Moslems), and the quality of relationships with the medical staff (Moslems) were the main predictors of consent. Summary Most countries have Christian, Moslem, and Jewish residents, so the conclusions of this study and its implications for practice should be relevant for transplant coordinators anywhere. The recommendations, which stem from the results of this study, relate to activities of transplant coordinators before and during their interaction with families, before the request for organ donation.
Heuristic dynamic programming using echo state network as online trainable adaptive critic
Authors: Koprinkova‐Hristova Petia , Oubbati Mohamed , Palm Günther 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe present paper proposes an implementation of a relatively new recurrent neural network architecture—the echo state network (ESN)–within the frame of heuristic dynamic programming. The ESN is trained online to estimate the utility function and to adapt the control policy of an embodied agent. With the advantage of an easy training algorithm, the ESN architecture offers a simple way to calculate the derivatives required for adapting the controller. Experimental results are provided to validate the proposed learning approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective Addition of Malonates and β‐Keto Esters to Nitroalkenes over an Organonickel‐Functionalized Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica
Authors: Jin Ronghua , Liu Ketang , Xia Daquan , Qian Qingqian , Liu Guohua , Li Hexing 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) with chiral cyclohexyldiamine‐based nickel(II) complexes incorporated within the silica framework was prepared through a co‐condensation of (1R,2R)‐cyclohexyldiamine‐derived silane and Ph‐bridged silane followed by complexation of nickel(II) bromide in the presence of (1R,2R)‐N,N′‐dibenzylcyclohexyldiamine. Structural analyses by X‐ray powder diffraction, nitrogen sorption and transmission electron microscopy disclosed its orderly mesostructure while characterization by solid‐state NMR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated the well‐defined single‐site chiral bis(cyclohexyldiamine)‐based nickel(II) active centers incorporated within the PMO material. In particular, as a heterogeneous chiral catalyst, this periodic mesoporous organosilica showed high catalytic activity and excellent enantioselectivity in asymmetric Michael addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes (more than 92% conversions and up to 99% ee values). More importantly, this heterogeneous catalyst could be recovered easily and reused repeatedly nine times without obviously affecting its ee value, showing good potential for industrial applications.
Proline‐Functionalized Magnetic Core‐Shell Nanoparticles as Efficient and Recyclable Organocatalysts for Aldol Reactions
Authors: Yacob Zekarias , Nan Alexandrina , Liebscher Jürgen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNovel magnetically tagged organocatalysts have been developed based on core‐shell nanoparticles consisting of magnetite cores and polyacrylate shells containing 4‐hydroxyproline moieties. These catalysts allow the performance of direct asymmetric aldol reactions of aromatic aldehydes with ketones in the presence of benzoic acid providing high yields and ees. Straightforward magnetic separation and recycling of a catalyst for up to 9 runs is possible without a significant loss of efficiency.
The Role of Ritual in the Organised Abuse of Children
Authors: Salter Michael 
Published: November 2012

Over the last 30 years, allegations of ritual child sexual abuse have emerged from child protection cases and legal proceedings and from adults and children in psychotherapy. These allegations have been met with disbelief from many practitioners and academics. Children and adults disclosing ritual abuse continue to present in a range of circumstances and recent substantiations of ritual abuse allegations call for a grounded analysis of their claims. This paper is based on qualitative interviews with 16 adults who described experiencing ritual abuse in childhood. They described the ways in which sexually abusive groups generated shared rationales of religious or mythological justifications for organised abuse. Participants were forced to internalise these rationales in degrading and dehumanising ordeals, whereupon they became active in facilitating their own abuse and/or the abuse of others. Ritual abuse can therefore be conceptualised as a device or strategy that enjoins the participation of victims in organised abuse whilst simultaneously accomplishing exculpation for perpetrators. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Recent substantiations of ritual abuse allegations call for a grounded analysis of their claims’Key Practitioner Messages

Ritual abuse can be understood as a strategy that legitimises sexual exploitation to victims and perpetrators of organised abuse.
Children and adults subject to ritual abuse may actively collude in their own victimisation, complicating efforts at detection, intervention and treatment.
Practitioners should consider the ways in which ritual abuse reflects common rationalisations for sexual crimes that assign blame and responsibility to victims.