bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of self‐expanding covered stent and negative pressure wound therapy to manage late rectal perforation after injury from an improvised explosive device: a case report
Authors: Ozer M Tahir , Coskun Ali K , Sinan Huseyin , Saydam Mehmet , Akay Emin O , Peker Subutay , Ogunc Gokhan , Demirbas Sezai , Peker Yusuf 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBlast injuries, caused by explosions accompanied by high‐pressure waves, produce tissue damage in the acute period, followed in the later period by circulatory disorders due to vascular endothelial damage and related tissue necrosis. Blunt rectal perforation is rare and difficult to diagnose. In the acute period following blast pelvic injuries, the main objectives are to stop bleeding, minimise contamination and preserve the patient's life. The patient in this report had major vascular injuries, severe pelvic injury and, in the later period, rectal perforation because of vascular endothelial damage caused by the blast effect. Our aim was to treat the patient conservatively because of his poor general condition. We placed a self‐expanding covered stent (SECS) into the rectum and then applied negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT; V.A.C.® Therapy, KCI) to the pelvic region and perirectal area. At the end of the treatment, the rectal perforation was closed, and the patient was discharged with healing. In this article, we discuss the novel use of an SECS with NPWT and review related literature.
Attitudes towards young people who self‐harm: age, an influencing factor
Authors: Cleaver Karen , Meerabeau Liz , Maras Pam 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimTo determine the attitudes of emergency care staff towards young people (aged 12–18 years) who self‐harm and to gain an understanding of the basis of attitudes that exist.BackgroundYoung people frequently attend emergency services following self‐harm; it is unclear whether being a young person influences attitudes held.DesignMixed methods using a triangulation convergent design.MethodsSurvey of 143 staff members from four accident & emergency departments and one ambulance service. Semi‐structured interviews with seven children's A&E nurses and five ambulance personnel from the same locality. Data were collected during 2010.Results/FindingsPearson's product moment correlation coefficient confirmed a strong positive correlation between scores on the two scales used to measure attitudes; paired samples t‐test revealed a statistically significant difference in scores across the scales; practitioners held more positive attitudes towards young people who self‐harmed than young people per se. Both data sets confirmed the presence of ambivalence and ambiguity in attitudes held. The qualitative data revealed that because of their age and immaturity young people were not held responsible for their self‐harming behaviours. Being young did though influence subsequent admission, with particular difficulty in securing admission for those aged 16–17 reported.ConclusionAge is a factor in shaping practitioners' attitudes; age also directs and influences a young person's journey through emergency care, although due to ambiguity there is inconsistency in determining where those aged 16–17 years of age fit.
The Developmental Dynamics of Joining a Gang in Adolescence: Patterns and Predictors of Gang Membership
Authors: Gilman Amanda B. , Hill Karl G. , Hawkins J. David , Howell James C. , Kosterman Rick 
Published: May 2014

Researchers have examined the predictors of adolescent gang membership, finding significant factors in the neighborhood, family, school, peers, and individual domains. However, little is known about whether risk and protective factors differ in predictive salience at different developmental periods. The present study examines predictors of joining a gang, tests whether these factors have different effects at different ages, and whether they differ by gender using theSeattleSocialDevelopmentProject (SSDP) sample (n = 808). By age 19, 173 participants had joined a gang. Using survival analysis, results showed that unique predictors of gang membership onset included living with a gang member, antisocial neighborhood, and antisocial peer influences in the previous year. No time or gender interactions with predictors were statistically significant.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Cupriavidus
sp. Strain SK-4, a di-
ortho
-Substituted Biphenyl-Utilizing Bacterium Isolated from Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Contaminated Sludge
Authors: Vilo Claudia , Benedik Michael J. , Ilori Matthew , Dong Qunfeng 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Cupriavidus
sp. strain SK-4 is a bacterium capable of growing aerobically on monochlorobiphenyls and dichlorobiphenyls as the sole carbon sources for growth. Here, we report its draft genome sequence with the aim of facilitating an understanding of polychlorinated biphenyl biodegradation mechanisms.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Escherichia coli O145:H28 Outbreak Strains of Food Origin
Authors: Cooper Kerry K. , Mandrell Robert E. , Louie Jacqueline W. , Korlach Jonas , Clark Tyson A. , Parker Craig T. , Huynh Steven , Chain Patrick S. G. , Ahmed Sanaa , Carter Michelle Qiu 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
O145:H28 strain RM12581 was isolated from bagged romaine lettuce during a 2010 U.S. lettuce-associated outbreak.
E. coli
O145:H28 strain RM12761 was isolated from ice cream during a 2007 ice cream-associated outbreak in Belgium. Here we report the complete genome sequences and annotation of both strains.
On coideal subalgebras of abelian cocentral extensions and a generalization of Wall's conjecture
Authors: Burciu Sebastian 
Published: May 2014

It is shown that any coideal subalgebra of a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra is a cyclic module over the dual Hopf algebra. Using this we describe all coideal subalgebras of a cocentral abelian extension of Hopf algebras extending some results from [R. Guralnick and F. Xu, On a subfactor generalization of Wall's conjecture, J. Algebra 332 (2011) 457–468].
Endothelial Cell–Specific Expression of Roundabout 4 Is Regulated by Differential DNA Methylation of the Proximal Promoter
Authors: Okada Yoshiaki , Funahashi Nobuaki , Tanaka Toru , Nishiyama Yuji , Yuan Lei , Shirakura Keisuke , Turjman Alexis S. , Kano Yoshihiro , Naruse Hiroki , Suzuki Ayano , Sakai Miki , Zhixia Jiang , Kitajima Kenji , Ishimoto Kenji , Hino Nobumasa , Kondoh Masuo , Mukai Yohei , Nakagawa Shinsaku , García-Cardeña Guillermo , Aird William C. , Doi Takefumi 
Published: May 2014

Objective—
The molecular basis of endothelial cell (EC)–specific gene expression is poorly understood. Roundabout 4 (Robo4) is expressed exclusively in ECs. We previously reported that the 3-kb 5′-flanking region of the human Robo4 gene contains information for lineage-specific expression in the ECs. Our studies implicated a critical role for GA-binding protein and specificity protein 1 (SP1) in mediating overall expression levels. However, these transcription factors are also expressed in non-ECs. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to EC-specific Robo4 gene expression.

Methods and Results—
Bisulfite sequencing analysis indicated that the proximal promoter of Robo4 is methylated in non-ECs but not in ECs. Treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine increased Robo4 gene expression in non-ECs but not in ECs. Proximal promoter methylation significantly decreased the promoter activity in ECs. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that DNA methylation of the proximal promoter inhibited SP1 binding to the −42 SP1 site. In DNase hypersensitivity assays, chromatin condensation of the Robo4 promoter was observed in some but not all nonexpressing cell types. In Hprt (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase)-targeted mice, a 0.3-kb proximal promoter directed cell-type–specific expression in the endothelium. Bisulfite sequencing analysis using embryonic stem cell–derived mesodermal cells and ECs indicated that the EC-specific methylation pattern of the promoter is determined by demethylation during differentiation and that binding of GA-binding protein and SP1 to the proximal promoter is not essential for demethylation.

Conclusions—
The EC-specific DNA methylation pattern of the Robo4 proximal promoter is determined during cell differentiation and contributes to regulation of EC-specific Robo4 gene expression.
International Comparative Study of Learning Outcomes of the RF and the EU School-Level Students as a Subject for Pedagogic Research
Authors: ������  , Firago Asya 
Published: May 2014

Goals of the International program on learning outcomes assessment � Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) � are discussed,
outcomes of PISA-2012 are provided, which reveals that Russian school students are behind their European peers in the skill to put the acquired knowledge
into practice. As is expected, implementation of the Russian Federation Government Program on �The Advancement of Education� for 2013�2020
would improve performance indicators of the RF school-level students regarding the results of further international comparative studies of basic education
quality. To achieve the said goal transferring commonly recognized European education values and goals to the realities of this country could be of
considerable use. Regulatory documents of the European Union on school education are analyzed and translated in Russian; priority tasks of European
states in the area of school-level education improvement are outlined as aimed at developing core competencies of school-level students. Eight core
competences as identified by the EU educational authorities are mentioned. To improve the RF school-level students core competences it is necessary to
re-arrange educational processes in such a way, that active personal communications come to play the crucial part. Importance of competency-building
approach in school education is outlined.
Guidance Aspects on Using Technological Approach to Nurture Professionally Significant Qualities in Prospective Teachers
Authors: Солодовникова  , Solodovnikova E. 
Published: May 2014

The pattern for nurturing professionally significant qualities in prospective teachers on the premises of pedagogical institutions is presented. A specific
case is used to demonstrate how to implement technological approach in nurturing professionally significant qualities; also described are curricula for
two elective courses, namely, «Modern Educational Technologies in Teaching Mathematics» and «Learn How to Use the Educational Standard».
Knowledge and timing of antenatal care: women with medical conditions
Authors: Ngoma Catherine Mubita , Mwiinga Chimuka 
Published: May 2014

Improving maternal health is one of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. One way to improve maternal health is through provision and use of antenatal care services. Inadequate antenatal care may predispose a pregnant woman and her unborn child to complications especially in a woman with medical and obstetrical problems. Good quality antenatal care improves pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of the study was to determine knowledge and timing of the onset of antenatal care among pregnant women with medical and/or obstetrical conditions. This is an exploratory cross-sectional study which used both qualitative and quantitative approach. The study took a convenience sample of 100 antenatal women with medical and obstetrical conditions who booked for antenatal care at two government health centres. The findings from the survey revealed that pregnant women with prior and current medical and obstetrical conditions booked late for antenatal care. The main reasons for late antenatal were socio-cultural issues and misinformation by the midwives. Midwives and the Government need to intensify the education of women on the importance of booking early for antenatal care. There is also need for retraining of midwives in clinical care protocols and procedures.
Women's knowledge of vesico vaginal fistula in Kenya
Authors: Kavai Miriam Musimbi , Chepchirchir Angeline , Kayugira Rogers 
Published: May 2014

The predominant cause of vesico vaginal fistula (VVF) in developing countries is prolonged labour accounting for 90%of the cases and the mainstay in management is prevention. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at Kiambu District Hospital among women attending antenatal care (ANC) where the main objective was to determine their level of knowledge of VVF and sources of information. A total of 137 women were recruited through systematic sampling. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to collect data. Data were analysed and presented using descriptive statistics in the form of percentages and tables. Results showed that most ANC clients have little or no information about VVF. It is recommended that health education offered in ANC facilities should incorporate facts on VVF and its prevention.
Developing a continuing professional development programme to improve nursing practice in Lesotho
Authors: Moetsana-Poka Flavia , Lehana Tjoetso , Lebaka Makholu , McCarthy Carey F 
Published: May 2014

Introduction In 2010, the Lesotho government required professional regulatory bodies to enforce continuing professional development (CPD) amongst their members. The Lesotho Nursing Council (LNC) sought financial and technical support from the African Health Profession Regulatory Collaborative (ARC) to develop a national CPD programme. Methods The LNC and other national nursing and midwifery leadership collaborated on a step-by-step process of designing a CPD framework, engaging key stakeholders, and pilot testing CPD implementation, the Lesotho nursing leaders drafted a nursing and midwifery CPD framework. Conclusions The Lesotho nursing leaders developed the first health professional CPD programme in the country. Development of a CPD programme in Lesotho has reconciled nursing practice with the legislative standards governing the workforce.
Radiation dose from cardiac investigations: A survey of cardiac nurses’ knowledge
Authors: Stanbridge Katherine , Latus Kate , Robinson Clare , Reyes Eliana , Nicol Edward 
Published: May 2014

Objectives. This survey aimed to highlight the level of knowledge cardiac nurses have concerning ionizing radiation doses received by patients, and the theoretical increased risk of malignancy, when undergoing specific cardiac investigations. Methods. In total 23 cardiac nurses were asked specific questions concerning ionizing radiation doses and the risk of subsequent malignancy. This was part of a wider multidisciplinary survey carried out at the British Cardiac Society annual scientific conference. All individuals were inter viewed by a nuclear medicine practitioner in isolation to prevent bias arising from participant collaboration and also to prevent individuals looking up the answers. Results. The majority of those questioned did not know the correct ionizing radiation doses for specific cardiac investigations. None knew the exact background radiation dose of the UK in one year. Between 4–12 % of the participants correctly identified the theoretical risk of malignancy at 20 years for patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy or computerized tomography coronary angiography. Conclusions. Of those questioned, most did not know the ionizing radiation doses associated with common cardiac diagnostic tests. This is of concern because some nurses, with established and developing roles, have the authority to order these investigations. We conclude from this paper that the nurses, especially those with responsibility for requesting investigations involving ionizing radiation, need to develop their knowledge of this to support their roles. This will allow them to explain the risks and benefits of procedures competently and enable patients to make a fully informed decision about their future care. We also recommend further study of this subject in order to establish whether this is a common feature of other centers.
Breathlessness in end-stage heart failure
Authors: MacCallum Annie , Hughes Suzy 
Published: May 2014

Breathlessness is a common and distressing symptom in end-stage heart failure, impacting adversely on quality of life for both the patient and the carer. Breathlessness is recognized as being a multi-factorial subjective experience. Research into effective therapies is surprisingly sparse, although this is a common feature in the end stages of a number of diseases. A complex holistic assessment must first exclude a treatable underlying cause and ensure that medications have been optimized. A variety of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies are available for breathlessness. Treatment is likely to require an approach incorporating both and addressing identified physical, social, psychological and spiritual needs to provide optimum relief. A skilled and experienced specialist cardiac nurse is ideally placed both to assess the breathlessness and to support the patient in finding effective therapies at the end of life.
An introduction to aortic regurgitation
Authors: Potts Katherine , Pritchard Deborah 
Published: May 2014

The valvular heart disease condition, aortic regurgitation, occurs as a result of an abnormality of the aortic valve or the aortic root, or a disease process that may affect both the valve and the aortic root. Aortic regurgitation can occur as either an acute severe problem or presentation or as a chronic problem and presentation. This article considers the pathophysiology and causes, progression and natural history of the disease process, clinical presentation and findings on examination and the diagnostic tests. Diagnostic tests per formed to confirm the diagnosis will be explored, including echocardiography, exercise tolerance testing, chest X-ray, and electrocardiogram. The role of medical therapy and surgical aortic valve replacement is also discussed.
A journey through heart surgery, seen through the eyes of a medical student
Authors: Williams Rebecca , Papaspyros Sotiris C 
Published: May 2014

Coronary artery disease affects a large number of people worldwide and has detrimental impact on quality of life and prognosis. Increasing incidence of obesity and unhealthy lifestyles indicate that it will continue to play a significant role in the health service. The latest European coronary revascularization guidelines were published in October 2010. Seven clinical cardiologists, seven interventional cardiologists and seven cardiothoracic surgeons were the authors. This balance in the contribution of clinical specialties is reflected in the composition of the ‘heart team’. In this article we review the pathway of care for a virtual patient. We aim to demonstrate the decision-making process and steps taken before, during and after a heart operation. Viewing coronary disease from this perspective will hopefully delineate how all aspects of patient care are provided as a collaborative effort from all members of the health-care team and highlight areas of improvement
Service evaluation of an adult congenital heart disease healthy lifestyle group
Authors: Kendall Lynne , Quirk Jo 
Published: May 2014

Advances in the last few decades in surgical management, and more recently interventional catheterization, in childhood mean that more than 85% of children with congenital heart defects will now survive into adulthood. In the UK and worldwide there are now more adults than children with congenital heart disease. Many are very well, maintaining a good quality of life; however, few are fully repaired or ‘cured’ with many of the interventions being palliative. Many will require several, repeat medical and/or surgical interventions. Thus most adult congenital patients have complex health needs and require life-long specialized care. There is increasing evidence that a reduced exercise capacity in people with a broad range of congenital cardiac conditions, including asymptomatic patients with simple lesions, is a common finding. This article will use a service evaluation to illustrate how an interdisciplinary approach was used in the exercise and lifestyle management of adult patients with congenital heart disease.
Osteoporosis and heart failure
Authors: Whittingham Katharine , Pinnock David 
Published: May 2014

Over recent years there has been an increased interest in osteoporosis as a comorbidity with heart failure, as it is also associated with lifestyle factors relating to cardiovascular disease. There is clear evidence of a correlation between fracture risk and heart failure. Heart failure patients are a vulnerable population for developing osteoporosis; they are predominantly older people, often with existing comorbidities (for example diabetes and renal impairment) and have reduced exercise capacity as a result of the condition. Additionally there are the physiological and pharmacological implications of the condition including high levels of aldosterone and the effects of loop diuretics on calcium levels. It is therefore important that this increased risk is recognised and patients assessed accordingly. The review article outlines the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, identifies the prevalence of the condition in male and female heart failure populations, indicates the typology of heart failure patients likely to develop this problem, and concludes with recommendations for nurses working with patients whose risk should be assessed.
Comparison of short- and long-term haemostatic compression after transradial procedures
Authors: Schwaim Torsten , Brudin Lars , Qvist Jeanette , Peterssen Iren , Carlsson Jörg 
Published: May 2014

Background: Rates of transradial coronary procedures are increasing due to substantial benefits compared with the transfemoral approach. There is no standard in type or length of compression of the puncture site. The aim of the study was to compare two different schemes of haemostatic compression using the TR Band with regard to bleeding complications, vessel occlusion and early patient discharge. Methods: We compared two successive all-comer groups (n=331 and n=324) of patients after transradial coronary procedures between 1 October 2010 and 31 March 2011. The first group underwent compression of the puncture site for 1 hour before pressure was gradually released whereas pressure was maintained for 4 hours in the second group. Results: No major access site complications occurred in either group. The rate of minor bleeding was higher after short compression compared with prolonged compression (34 (10.3%) vs 16 (4.9%), P=0.015). Short compression, female sex and use of tirofiban were associated with bleeding complications. Rates of patent pulse of the radial artery and oxygen saturation of the ipsilateral thumb were high, without any difference between the two groups. Discharge of elective outpatients was postponed by 3 hours using the longer compression scheme. Conclusions: Maintenance of high compression pressure over 4 hours leads to a lower frequency of bleeding.
Deactivation of ICDs in end-of-life care: A Welsh perspective
Authors: Churchouse Wendy , Seaman Slwan , Rees Paul , Cawsey-Williams Jo , Roberts Kathryn , Anderson Mark 
Published: May 2014

An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a small cardiac implant that monitors, detects and treats life-threatening arrhythmias. If a patient has advanced or terminal disease requiring end-of-life care, it is questionable whether life-sustaining treatments such as defibrillation are appropriate. In such situations it is important that patients and their relatives are given the opportunity to discuss elective deactivation of their ICDs. While deactivation is a simple procedure, from a psychological perspective it is sometimes thwarted with challenges for the patient, relatives and health-care professionals. Furthermore, deactivation of an ICD is often left until the last days of life, which can cause unnecessary distress for all concerned. The evidence, the views of patients, relatives and health-care professionals will be explored, along with a description of the development of the All-Wales ICD deactivation pathway.