bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Studies of Strains Ictero No. I and RGA as the Type Strain of Leptospira interrogans: Agglutinin Absorption Test, Protein and Antigen Profiles, and Enzyme Activities
Authors: Hata Katsura , Ono Etsuro , Yanagawa Ryo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStrain Ictero No. I, the first isolate of Leptospira, isolated by Inada and Ido in 1914, was found to be sufficiently qualified to be the type strain of Leptospira interrogans rather than strain RGA. In an agglutinin absorption test, anti‐Ictero No. I serum was not absorbed completely with strain RGA, and 25% of the homologous titer remained unabsorbed, while anti‐RGA serum was completely absorbed with strain Ictero No. I. Thus, strain Ictero No. I was not serologically identical with strain RGA, and the two strains were considered to be different serovars. A protein band with a molecular weight of approximately 33,000 daltons was detected in strain Ictero No. I but not in strain RGA by SDS‐PAGE. By Western blotting, this protein band was detectable with anti‐Ictero No. I serum but not with anti‐RGA serum. The presence of the 33K protein in strain Ictero No. I, but not in strain RGA, was confirmed by radioimmunoprecipitation using [125I]‐labeled antigens, indicating that the protein antigen was surface‐exposed. Only 8 of the 89 enzymes activities were different between strains Ictero No. I and RGA (line Sapporo). From the above results, we propose that strain Ictero No. I should be designated as the type strain of L. interrogans instead of strain RGA.
Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection among Hemophiliacs in Fukuoka, Japan
Authors: Kashiwagi Seizaburo , Hayashi Jun , Ikematsu Hideyuki , Noguchi Akinori , Ikeda Kiyoshi , Kishida Kunio , Shirakawa Mitsuru , Takenaka Akira , Mori Ryoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo determine when the hemophiliacs in Fukuoka prefecture, Japan, first became positive for antibodies, we tested human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies on serum samples obtained from 1976–1987 stored at −30 C. Fifteen out of 64 hemophilia A patients (23.4%), five out of 11 hemophilia B patients (45.5%), but none of 17 patients with von Willebrand's disease (0%) were positive for HIV antibodies. In this series, two with hemophilia A became positive for HIV antibodies for the first time in 1983, and in 1984 another four with hemophilia A and one with hemophilia B became positive.
Restriction Endonuclease DNA Analysis of Leptospira interrogans Serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae and Copenhageni
Authors: Tamai Tomonori , Sada Eiji , Kobayashi Yuzuru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLeptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae strains Ictero No. I and RGA and serovar copenhageni strains M20, Shiromizu and Shibaura were examined by restriction endonuclease DNA analysis. Fifteen endonucleases (AluI, BamHI, BglII, EcoRI, HaeIII, HhaI, HindIII, KpnI, PstI, SacI, SalI, SmaI, StyI, XbaI and XhoI) were used as the digesting enzymes.Strain Ictero No. I showed endonuclease cleavage patterns which differed from those of the other four strains only when it was digested with enzymes KpnI and HindIII. When digested with KpnI, an extra band of about 5.4 kb was clearly produced, and when digested with HindIII, an extra band of about 25 kb was produced. When the other 13 enzymes were used, no differences were found between the endonuclease cleavage patterns among the five strains. Moreover, strains RGA, M20, Shiromizu and Shibaura could not be distinguished by the restriction endonuclease DNA analysis using all 15 endonucleases. In addition, six newly isolated leptospires from patients with leptospirosis and from Rattus norvegicus were compared with the Ictero No. I and M20 strains, by restriction endonuclease DNA analysis using enzymes KpnI and HindIII. Three leptospires belonging to serovar icterohaemorrhagiae showed the same endonuclease cleavage patterns as the M20 strain. The other three strains, which belong to serovar copenhageni, showed almost the same endonuclease cleavage patterns as the M20 strain; only the Kaijima 702 strain produced an extra band which was not identical to the Ictero No. I‐specific extra band when digested with HindIII. The leptospiral restriction endonuclease DNA analysis has revealed taxonomic structures that are unrecognized by serology alone.
Rapid Preparation of Samples for Compositional Sugar Analysis of the “Degraded Polysaccharide” Fraction of Lipopolysaccharides from Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Kondo Seiichi , Hisatsune Kazuhito 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA simple and rapid method was devised for direct isolation and fractionation of the “degraded polysaccharide” (DPS) fraction of O‐antigenic (or endotoxic) lipopolysaccharides (LPS) directly from heat‐killed Vibrio cholerae (O1 and non‐O1) cells without separating the LPS. Neither phenol‐water extraction nor ultracentrifuge is needed in this method. V. cholerae NIH 41 was used as standard. The cells (3–5 g wet weight) were heated in 5% acetic acid at 100 C for 1.5 hr. The acetic acid extract obtained as the supernatant by centrifugation was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, and the resultant residue was dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water. The solution was mixed with 2 volumes of acetone, and the supernatant obtained by centrifugation was mixed with 5 volumes of acetone and centrifuged. Fraction Sed. II was recovered as the precipitate, while the supernatant was evaporated to dryness in vacuo, yielding fraction Sup. III. Sed. II had a sugar composition that was identical, at least qualitatively, to that of DPS isolated from LPS of the corresponding strain except for the absence of a fructose component in the case of V. cholerae NIH 41, while instead Sup. III from V. cholerae NIH 41 contained fructose.
Seroepidemiologic Study of Adult T‐Cell Leukemia Virus (ATLV) and Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Kashiwagi Seizaburo , Ikematsu Hideyuki , Hayashi Jun , Kajiyama Wataru , Nomura Hideyuki , Noguchi Akinori , Tani Shunichi , Goto Masashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA total of 2,283 serum samples were collected from healthy subjects in three islands of the Yaeyama district of Okinawa, Japan. These sera were tested for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc), and for antibody to adult T‐cell leukemia‐associated antigen (anti‐ATLA). Correlation between hepatitis B virus infection and adult T‐cell leukemia virus (ATLV) infection was determined by using the prevalence rates for three virus markers. Overall prevalence of HBsAg, anti‐HBc and anti‐ATLA was 6.5%, 57.4%, and 17.9%, respectively. Age‐specific prevalence of anti‐HBc and anti‐ATLA increased with age, but that of HBsAg did not. Sex‐specific prevalence of HBsAg was significantly higher in males than in females, but that of anti‐ATLA was significantly higher in females than in males. Statistical analysis revealed that prevalence of anti‐ATLA was significantly higher in HBsAg‐positive persons and HBsAg‐negative/anti‐HBc‐positive persons than in those negative for HBsAg and anti‐HBc. These data suggest that hepatitis B virus‐infected persons have a significantly higher chance of adult T‐cell leukemia virus infection than those without hepatitis B virus infection in the area studied.
Iron and Transferrin Uptake by Phytohemagglutinin‐Stimulated Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Taylor Peter George , Soyano Andrés , Romano Egidio , Layrisse Miguel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIron (Fe) and transferrin (TF) uptake by human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin was measured. Pulses of 59FeTF or 125I‐TF were added to the cultures either at time 0 or 8 hr before the end of a 72‐hr incubation. In time‐course experiments, peak iron and transferrin uptake coincided with the peak of tritiated thymidine uptake taken as a measure of cellular activation. Iron, but not transferrin, was accumulated by the cells. Non‐linear relationships existed between both iron and transferrin uptake and the degree of activation. Both rose markedly above basal levels only at a level of activation at least 50% of the maximum observed. The results suggest that although iron utilization is related to cellular activity, the uptake mechanism is only activated when an increased iron metabolism has exhausted internal stores.
A New Salmonella Serovar S.III b 58: z10:z53: Rz50
Authors: Venkateswaran Kasthuri , Hashimoto Hideo , Jayasheela Manur , Tamura Kazumichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new Salmonella serovar S.III b 58: z10:z53: Rz50 was isolated from the water samples of Ashida river, Fukuyama city, Japan. Its antigenic structure is described.
Suppressive Effect of Macrophages on Interferon‐γ Production by Human Peripheral Lymphocytes Stimulated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Authors: Nakayama Tetsuo , Urano Takashi , Osano Mitsuru , Maehara Nobutoshi , Sasaki Keiko , Hayatsu Eizo , Makino Satoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractProduction of interferon (IFN)‐γ was investigated in human peripheral lymphocytes stimulated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Lymphocytes obtained from non‐immune individuals produced no IFN. IFN‐γ was produced by T cells obtained from immune individuals, and the helper/inducer T cells produced two‐ to sixfold higher titer of IFN‐γ than the suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. The addition of macrophages in T cell cultures suppressed the production of IFN‐γ; this differs from the previous result wherein the addition of macrophages enhanced the production of IFN‐γ, when stimulated with mumps virus or measles virus.
Immunoblotting Analysis of Anti‐Rickettsial Antibodies Produced in Patients of Tsutsugamushi Disease
Authors: Ohashi Norio , Tamura Akira , Suto Tsunehisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe reactivity of sera from patients of Tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) with the antigenic polypeptides of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi was analyzed by the immunoblotting method. The reactivity varied greatly among the sera of individual patients tested. IgG and IgM antibodies of most patients reacted with the 54–56 kilodalton (54–56K) polypeptide located on the rickettsial surface, suggesting that this polypeptide is a predominant antigen in the infection. Other polypeptides of 60K, 50–52K, 46–47K, 35K, and 21–25K were reactive with some but not all sera. From the reactivity of these polypeptides, it was suggested that the 54–56K polypeptide is both strain‐specific and group‐specific, the 60K polypeptide is group‐specific, and the 35K and 21–25K polypeptides are subgroup‐specific. IgG antibodies seem to be more cross‐reactive with polypeptides of multiple strains than IgM antibodies and have a tendency of increased cross‐reactivity that was observed in the sera obtained at the later stage of illness.
Effects of Cholera Toxin on Delayed‐Type Hypersensitivity to Sheep Red Blood Cells Inoculated Intranasally into Mice
Authors: Tamura Shin‐ichi , Samegai Yasuo , Kurata Hideki , Kurata Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effects of cholera toxin (CT) on delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were studied in mice sensitized by intranasal administration of SRBC. CT (1 μg/mouse), given intranasally together with SRBC (2 × 107/mouse), induced a maximally enhanced DTH response, which reached its peak around 7 days after sensitization, and also induced an accelerated DTH response upon a second administration of SRBC 28 days later. The ability of CT to enhance the DTH to SRBC was lost, either when CT was administered via the intraperitoneal or subcutaneous route, or when CT was introduced into the nasal site from which a large proportion of the SRBC was discharged 2 days after SRBC administration. These results indicate that the cells that are located in the nasal site and participate in the earlier events of DTH response were most affected by CT. The following effects of CT on the earlier events, which occur within 24 hr after the intranasal administration of both CT and SRBC, appeared to be involved in the mechanisms by which CT enhances DTH to SRBC: (i) facilitation of the penetration of the antigen into the nasal tissue; (ii) reinforcement of the migration of immunocompetent cells from the blood to the nasal tissues; (iii) promotion of the ability of Ia‐positive macrophages to present the antigenic determinants to T cells; (iv) facilitation of the differentiation of primed T cells to DTH‐effector T cells.
New Complement Fixation Test with Peroxidase‐Labeled Complement Clq for Direct and Quantitative Determination of Antibodies to Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: Taguchi Fumiaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn enzyme‐labeled complement fixation (ELISA‐CF) test for the direct and quantitative determination of complement fixing (CF) antibodies has been developed. This paper described the introduction of the ELISA‐CF test that used peroxidase‐labeled Clq component of complement to detect CF antibodies which had reacted with herpes simplex virus (HSV), as a virus model. Equal volumes of heat‐inactivated serum and the peroxidase‐labeled Clq (P*‐Clq) were simultaneously added to wells of microplates which had been coated with HSV CF antigen or with cell control antigen. The enzymatic activities of P*‐Clq bound to the immune complex were determined photometrically. The ELISA‐CF test allows processing of serum specimens in a 3‐hr operation, with procedural simplicity and increased specificity and sensitivity compared with the conventional CF test.
Expression of Antigen Genes of Leptospira interrogans Serovar canicola in Escherichia coli
Authors: Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Ono Etsuro , Yanagawa Ryo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLeptospira interrogans serovar canicola DNA was cloned into the plasmid pBR322 and introduced into E. coli. Eight out of approximately 10,000 transformants were found to express antigens of canicola by ELISA including colony ELISA blot test using anti‐canicola antiserum. The canicola antigens expressed in the transformants reacted with the antisera against the serovars belonging to Canicola serogroup and other serogroups of L. interrogans. They did not react, however, with the antiserum against L. biflexa (with only one exception) nor with the antiserum against Leptonema illini. Thus, the recombinant DNA technique may provide alternative possibilities for preparing antigens of leptospires.
Adsorption of LLCMK2 Cell‐Grown Sendai Virus onto Human Red Blood Cells and Its Release from the Virus Adsorbed Cells
Authors: Komatsu Hiroyoshi , Tozawa Hideki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn early stage of virus adsorption was studied in a system of Sendai virus metabolically labeled with [3H] leucine in LLCMK2 cells and of human red blood cells (RBCs). The efficiency of viral release from the virus‐bound RBCs by incubation at 37 C depended on the number of virus particles which had been used for adsorption onto the RBC at 4 C. When 7.8 × 102 virus particles were previously adsorbed onto the RBC at 4 C, most of the viruses were dissociated from the RBC at 37 C. In the case of adsorption of 3 to 12 virus particles per RBC, however, most of the viruses were not dissociated from the RBC by incubation at 37 C. Such RBC‐bound viruses were released by incubation with various bacterial neuraminidases (Clostridium perfringens, etc.) or with a large number of LLCMK2 cell‐grown Sendai virus (LLCMK2‐Sendai) particles, but not released by treatment with hemagglutinin‐neuraminidase protein (Sendai‐gp) isolated from egg‐grown Sendai virus.
Effective Production of Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies against Influenza Virus by Repeated Intrasplenic Immunization
Authors: Maéno Mitsugu , Shimizu Kazufumi , Shikata Toshio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo immunization techniques that enable production of mouse monoclonal antibodies were evaluated in terms of small quantities of antigen. Various amounts of purified influenza A virus particles were applied either for in vitro sensitization in cultured splenocytes or for intrasplenic immunization, followed by hybridization of the immunized cells with mouse myeloma cells. Hybridomas producing specific antibodies for influenza viral proteins were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay when more than 50 μg of antigens was used for the in vitro immunization method, and at least 5 μg was necessary for a single intrasplenic immunization. On the other hand, as little as 60 ng of antigen administered in two intrasplenic injections was sufficient to produce specific hybridomas. Two out of six randomly selected monoclonal antibodies obtained using the repeated intrasplenic immunization method were IgG and the other four were IgM. Immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that the recognized antigens involved a viral inner protein (nucleocapsid protein), as well as an envelope glycoprotein (hemagglutinin). We conclude that immunization by two direct injections of antigen into the spleen is the most effective method for sensitization with nanogram quantities of insoluble antigen such as influenza viruses.
A Role of Secreted Proteinase of Candida albicans for the Invasion of Chick Chorio‐Allantoic Membrane
Authors: Kobayashi Issei , Kondoh Yuzuru , Shimizu Katsumi , Tanaka Kenji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe invasion of Candida albicans strains into the chorio‐allantoic membrane (CAM) of a developing chick was studied by light and electron microscopy. A proteinase‐producing strain, NUM961, invaded into intact CAM, but proteinase‐deficient strain NUM678 cells remained on the surface of the CAM with no evidence of damage to the host cells. However, NUM678 cells invaded into the ectoderm‐damaged CAM, or proteinase‐treated one. Electron microscopy revealed that treatment with purified Candida proteinase disorganized the ectoderm tissue by disrupting the intercellular junctions. These results suggest that Candida proteinase damages the CAM surface, which enables the invasion of the growing hyphae.
Characterization of Replicative Form DNA of the Autonomous Parvovirus Mink Enteritis Virus
Authors: Shinagawa Morikazu , Nomura Yasuharu , Kariatumari Tsutomu , Ishiguro Naotaka , Horiuchi Motohiro , Goto Hitoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCharacterization of replicative form (RF) DNA of mink enteritis virus (MEV) was carried out. Most of the RF DNA were bound to terminal protein but some were free from the protein. The protein‐free RF DNA increased about 7 times from 30 to 50 hr post‐infection, while the DNA with protein increased less. The molecules of the replicative intermediate which were partially single‐stranded DNA and bound to terminal protein were present. Two terminal conformations, “extended” and “turnaround,” were observed in both ends of both terminal protein‐bound and protein‐free RF DNA. The 5′ end labeling revealed that 5′ ends of protein‐free RF DNA were not blocked to phosphorylation by an amino acid or an oligopeptide which attaches to 5′ ends of proteolytically deproteinized RF DNA. Restriction analysis of incomplete RF DNA which was partially double‐stranded DNA showed that extended conformation was dominant in such incomplete RF molecules.
A Novel Enzyme Immunoassay for Conidia of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum F504
Authors: Kitagawa Tsunehiro , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Ogura Hirosuke 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study was undertaken to develop a new tool to study fusarial diseases of plants. Micro‐ and macro‐conidia of a strain (F504) of Fusarium oxysporum were isolated and antiserum against the conidia was elicited in rabbits. A highly specific and sensitive competitive‐type enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for conidia of the strain was developed using the antiserum with β‐d‐galactosidase‐labeled anti‐rabbit IgG as the secondary antibody and conidia fragments of the strain as antigen attached to Amino‐Dylark solid‐phase balls. The assay was highly specific to conidia of the strain F504, while conidia‐free hypha of the strain F504 as well as all other microorganisms tested including nine other strains of Fusarium species showed little cross‐reactivity. Application of the ELISA to following the growth rates of conidia in hyphae of the strain F504 under several conditions are also reported.
Sugar Composition of the Polysaccharide Portion of Lipopolysaccharides of Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio mimicus
Authors: Iguchi Takehiro , Kondo Seiichi , Hisatsune Kazuhito 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA chemotaxonomic study was carried out on Vibrio fluvialis and V. vulnificus on the basis of the sugar composition of the polysaccharide portion of their lipopolysaccharides (LPS). A previously developed rapid method of preparing samples for compositional sugar analysis was employed. Nineteen O‐serogroups of V. fluvialis were divided into 14 chemotypes while seven O‐serogroups of V. vulnificus were divided also into seven chemotypes since the polysaccharide portion of LPS of each serogroup has a different sugar composition from that of the other serogroups. Close similarities in the sugar composition of the same portion were demonstrated between serologically cross‐reacting non‐O1 group V. cholerae and V. fluvialis, and non‐O1 V. cholerae and V. mimicus.
A Novel Neutrophil Adherence Test Effectively Reflects the Activated State of Neutrophils
Authors: Yakuwa Naoshi , Inoue Tomio , Watanabe Tadashi , Takahashi Keiji , Sendo Fujiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe developed a novel and convenient neutrophil adherence test for ascertaining the activated state of neutrophils. Human peripheral blood neutrophils were placed in wells of a 96‐well flat‐bottom culture plate, and incubated in the presence or absence of neutrophil stimulants for varying periods of time at 37 C in a CO2 incubator (5% CO2, 95% air). After non‐adherent cells were completely removed by vibration on a vortex mixer, residual adherent cells were fixed and stained with crystal violet containing 12% formaldehyde and 10% ethanol. After thorough washing, 1% SDS was added to the plate, and the absorbance of each well was measured at 570 nm. Our results correlate well with those of a previously reported method using 51Cr‐labeled cells.
Computer Analysis between Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences of Bean Golden Mosaic Virus and Those of Maize Streak, Wheat Dwarf, Chloris Striate Mosaic, and Beet Curly Top Viruses
Authors: Ikegami Masato 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) DNA 1 and 2 have little sequence homology with maize streak virus (MSV), wheat dwarf virus (WDV), and chloris striate mosaic virus (CSMV) DNAs. BGMV DNA 1 and beet curly top virus (BCTV) DNA are closely related, whereas BGMV DNA 2 and BCTV DNA are not related. Direct amino acid homologies of predicted proteins between BGMV ORFs and MSV ORFs, WDV ORFs or CSMV ORFs were 40–50%. BGMV 1L1 and BCTV L1, and BGMV 1L3 and BCTV L4 were highly conserved. The sequence TAATATTAC was detected in the loops of hairpin structures of 5 geminiviruses.
Enhancement of Phagocytosis and Bactericidal Activity of Neutrophils in Miniature Pigs by Dihydroheptaprenol, a Synthetic Polyprenol Derivative
Authors: Araki Seiichi , Suzuki Mamoru , Ogura Kazuaki , Kimura Makoto , Imamura Eisei , Kuniyasu Chikara , Kagaya Keiko , Fukazawa Yoshimura 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDihydroheptaprenol (DHP), a synthetic polyprenol derivative, markedly stimulated the generation of peripheral blood neutrophils after intramuscular injection in miniature pigs. The generated neutrophils exhibited enhanced phagocytic activity against latex particles and also enhanced killing activity against Escherichia coli. The effective dose in miniature pigs (1.4 mg/kg) was markedly less than that required in mice (100 mg/kg). These results indicate that DHP induces resistance to some bacterial infections in pigs, suggesting the applicability of DHP for humans.