bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baruch Spinoza
Authors: Schwartz Daniel B. 
Published: March 2013

As one of the pioneers of modern Western philosophy and Bible criticism, Baruch (Benedict) Spinoza (b. 1632–d. 1677) is generally considered the greatest philosopher of Jewish origin since Maimonides, though whether he should also be considered a Jewish philosopher is an age-old debate. Born into the Sephardic community of Amsterdam, Spinoza was excommunicated in 1656 for his “horrible heresies” and “monstrous deeds.” For the rest of his life, he made no effort to reconcile with his native community, and although he never converted to Christianity, it is hardly a given that he continued to consider himself a Jew either. From this foundational rupture in Spinoza’s life—one that would lead many in retrospect to label him the first modern Jew—myriads would follow in his thought. In the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, published anonymously in 1670, Spinoza broke with the premise that the Bible, in its entirety, is the word of God, a move that led him famously to spurn the Maimonidean practice of reading scripture allegorically, all so as to assure its agreement with philosophical and scientific truth. In its place, he called for a hermeneutic that would distinguish between the meaning of scripture and the matter of its truth, thus anticipating the historical-critical method of modern biblical criticism. In his magnum opus, the Ethics, which first appeared as part of his Opera Posthuma (Posthumous Works), in 1677, Spinoza broke with the very idea of an irreducible break between God and the world, arguing instead for a metaphysics of immanence in which only one substance, God-or-Nature (Deus sive Natura), could and did exist. Much has been written about Jewish aspects of Spinoza’s life and thought, especially by Jewish scholars seeking to determine to what extent, if at all, Spinoza belongs to the history of Jewish philosophy. The literature on this subject can be divided into three main categories that are distinguished by how they come at this problem. The first and most well-trodden approach investigates putative Jewish sources and contexts of Spinoza’s philosophy, from medieval Jewish rationalism to Kabbalistic literature to the Marrano background of his native Portuguese Jewish community of Amsterdam. The second focuses on Spinoza’s concept of and attitude toward Judaism, especially in comparison to his evaluation of Christianity. The third examines the ramifications of both Spinoza’s philosophy and personal example for modern Jewish thought and identity. This article is limited only to those aspects of Spinoza that touch on his Jewish identity, sources, and influence and thus does not include general philosophical studies per se.
Rat ultrasonic vocalizations demonstrate that the motivation to contextually reinstate cocaine‐seeking behavior does not necessarily involve a hedonic response
Authors: Barker David J. , Bercovicz Danielle , Servilio Lisa C. , Simmons Steven J. , Ma Sisi , Root David H. , Pawlak Anthony P. , West Mark O. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHuman self‐reports often indicate that changes in mood are a major contributor to drug relapse. Still, arguments have been made that instances of drug‐seeking following abstinence in animal models (i.e. relapse/reinstatement) may be outside of hedonic control. Therefore, the present study utilized ultrasonic vocalizations in the rat in order to evaluate affect during cocaine self‐administration and contextual reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking in a pre‐clinical model of drug relapse (abstinence‐reinstatement model). Results show that while subjects effectively reinstated drug‐seeking (lever pressing) following 30 days of abstinence, and spontaneously recovered/reinstated drug‐seeking following 60 days of abstinence, ultrasonic vocalizations did not increase over baseline levels during either reinstatement session. These results are consistent with previous results from our laboratory and current theories of addiction suggesting that cues that are weakly associated with drug consumption can motivate drug‐seeking behavior that is outside of hedonic processing.
Efficacy of Carbon Dioxide Insufflation for Cerebral and Cardiac Protection During Open Heart Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Sun Yanhua , Ji Bingyang , Zhu Xian , Zheng Zhe 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn spite of widespread application around the world, there has been controversy on the cerebral and cardiac protection efficacy of carbon dioxide insufflation (CDI) during open heart surgery. To make a comprehensive evaluation, we screened all relevant published randomized controlled trials to perform the first systematic review and meta‐analysis for CDI during open heart surgery. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trial register, WANFAN, CQVIP, and CNKI database for published articles. Randomized controlled trials were included when the research provided data of neurological complications postoperatively, creatinine kinase, MB isoenzyme (CK‐MB) on the first postoperative day, or all‐cause mortality. We chose a fixed‐effects model when the trials showed low heterogeneity, otherwise a random effects model was used. The quality of studies was assessed by modified Jadad scale. Four studies were included in this meta‐analysis. The overall pooled relative risk (RR) for neurological complications was 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.57, 4.46], and the z‐score for overall effect was 0.89 (P = 0.37). The standardized mean difference of the CK‐MB between groups was 1.15, 95% CI = [−1.27, 3.56], and the z‐score for overall effect was 0.93 (P = 0.35). The overall pooled RR for all‐cause mortality was 0.5, 95% CI = [0.16, 1.64], and the z‐score for overall effect was 1.14 (P = 0.25). There was no significant difference between groups. Because of the insufficiency of powerful evidences, the cerebral and cardiac protection efficacy of CDI during open heart surgery needs to be further verified by more high‐quality trials.
Cloning, tissue expression and polymorphisms of chicken Krüppel‐like factor 7 gene
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Wei , Wang Zhi‐Peng , Zhang Kun , Wang Ning , Li Hui 
Published: March 2013

AbstractKrüppel‐like factor 7 (KLF7) has been extensively studied in mammalian species, but its role in birds is still unclear. In the current study, cloning and sequencing showed that the full‐length coding region of chicken KLF7 (Gallus gallus KLF7, gKLF7) was 891 bp long, encoding 296 amino acids. In addition, real‐time RT‐PCR analysis showed that gKLF7 was broadly expressed in all 15 chicken tissues selected, and its expression was significantly different in spleen, proventriculus, abdominal fat, brain, leg muscle, gizzard and heart between fat and lean broilers at 7 weeks of age. Additionally, one novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), XM_426569.3: c. A141G, was identified in the second exon of gKLF7. Association analysis showed that this locus was significantly associated with fatness traits in Arbor Acres broiler random population and the eighth generation of Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF) population (P < 0.05). These results suggest that gKLF7 might be a candidate gene for chicken fatness traits.
A New Method to Evaluate Volumetric Changes in Sinus Augmentation Procedure
Authors: Dellavia Claudia , Speroni Stefano , Pellegrini Gaia , Gatto Alessandra , Maiorana Carlo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn sinus augmentation procedure, the assessment of volume changes of grafted materials is important both in the clinical practice and in dental research to evaluate the features of filling materials.PurposeIn this study, we assessed the repeatability of a new method proposed to evaluate volumetric changes following sinus lift augmentation procedure.Materials and MethodsIn 10 patients, maxillary sinus augmentation procedure with simultaneous implant placement was performed. Maxillary cone beam computer tomographies were taken 1 week after surgery (T1) and 6 months after surgery (T2). At each evaluation the gap inside the implant between the fixture and the bottom of the screw was used as reference point (Rp), and a standardized volume of interest (VOI) centered on the Rp was selected. Masks were chosen to select the graft and bone tissue within the VOI; the volume at T1, T2, and the difference of volume between T1 and T2 were computed. Expert and non‐expert operators performed the analysis. Method errors were computed.ResultsThe error of the method was 1% for both intra‐operator and inter‐operator measurements. Tissue contraction at T2 was 19 ± 4% of the total initial volume.ConclusionsThe standardization of the method allows to obtain repeatable measurements.
miR‐34c works downstream of p53 leading to dairy goat male germline stem‐cell (mGSCs) apoptosis
Authors: Li M. , Yu M. , Liu C. , Zhu H. , He X. , Peng S. , Hua J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectivesRecent lines of evidence have indicated that miR‐34c can play important roles in regulation of the cell cycle, cell senescence and apoptosis of mouse and human tumour cells, spermatogenesis, and male germ‐cell apoptosis. However, there is little information on the effects of miR‐34c on proliferation and apoptosis of livestock male germ cells. The dairy goat is a convenient domestic species for biological investigation and application. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of miR‐34c on apoptosis and proliferation of dairy goat male germline stem cells (mGSCs), as well as to determine the relationship between p53 and miR‐34c in this species.Materials and methodsMorphological observation, miRNA in situ hybridisation (ISH), bromodeoxyuridine staining, flow cytometry, quantitative‐RT‐PCR (Q‐RT‐PCR) and western blotting were utilized to ascertain apoptosis and proliferation of mGSCs, through transfection of miR‐34c mimics (miR‐34c), miR‐34c inhibitor (anti‐miR‐34c), miR‐34c mimics and inhibitors co‐transfected (mixture) compared to control groups.ResultsResults manifested that miR‐34c over‐expression promoted mGSCs apoptosis and suppressed their proliferation. Simultaneously, a variety of apoptosis‐related gene expression was increased while some proliferation‐related genes were downregulated. Accordingly, miR‐34c promoted apoptosis in mGSCs and reduced their proliferation; moreover, expression of miR‐34c was p53‐dependent.ConclusionsThis study is the first to provide a model for study of miRNAs and mechanisms of proliferation and apoptosis in male dairy goat germ cells.
Proliferation and osteo/odontoblastic differentiation of stem cells from dental apical papilla in mineralization‐inducing medium containing additional KH2PO4
Authors: Wang L. , Yan M. , Wang Y. , Lei G. , Yu Y. , Zhao C. , Tang Z. , Zhang G. , Tang C. , Yu J. , Liao H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectivesStem cells from the dental apical papilla (SCAPs) can be induced to differentiate along both osteoblast and odontoblast lineages. However, little knowledge is available concerning their differentiation efficiency in osteogenic media containing additional KH2PO4.Materials and methodsStem cells from the dental apical papilla were isolated from apical papillae of immature third molars and treated with two kinds of mineralization‐inducing media, MM1 and MM2, differing in KH2PO4 concentration. Proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation capacity of MM1/MM2‐treated SCAPs were investigated and compared both in vitro and in vivo.ResultsCell counting and flow cytometry demonstrated that MM2 containing 1.8 mm additional KH2PO4 significantly enhanced proliferative potential of SCAPs, compared to MM1. Osteo/odontogenic capacity of SCAPs was much better in MM2 medium than in MM1, as indicated by elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, increased calcium deposition and upregulated expression of osteo/odontoblast‐specific genes/proteins (for example, runt‐related transcription factor 2, osterix, osteocalcin, dentin sialoprotein, and dentin sialophosphoprotein). In vivo transplantation findings proved that SCAPs in MM2 group generated more mineralized tissues, and presented higher expression of osteo/odontoblast‐specific proteins (osteocalcin and dentin sialoprotein) than those in the MM1 group.ConclusionMineralization‐inducing media supplemented with 1.8 mm additional KH2PO4 significantly enhanced cell proliferation and improved differentiation capacity of SCAPs along osteo/odontogenic cell lineages, compared to counterparts lacking additional KH2PO4.
Epigenetically induced changes in nuclear textural patterns and gelatinase expression in human fibrosarcoma cells
Authors: Poplineau M. , Doliwa C. , Schnekenburger M. , Antonicelli F. , Diederich M. , Trussardi‐Régnier A. , Dufer J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveChromatin texture patterns of tumour cell nuclei can serve as cancer biomarkers, either to define diagnostic classifications or to obtain relevant prognostic information, in a large number of human tumours. Epigenetic mechanisms, mainly DNA methylation and histone post‐translational modification, have been shown to influence chromatin packing states, and therefore nuclear texture. The aim of this study was to analyse effects of these two mechanisms on chromatin texture, and also on correlation with gelatinase expression, in human fibrosarcoma tumour cells.Materials and methodsWe investigated effects of DNA hypomethylating agent 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐azadC) and histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on nuclear textural characteristics of human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells, evaluated by image cytometry, and expression of gelatinases MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, two metalloproteinases implicated in cancer progression and metastasis.Results5‐azadC induced significant variation in chromatin higher order organization, particularly chromatin decondensation, associated with reduction in global DNA methylation, concomitantly with increase in MMP‐9, and to a lesser extent, MMP‐2 expression. TSA alone did not have any effect on HT1080 cells, but exhibited differential activity when added to cells treated with 5‐azadC. When treated with both drugs, nuclei had higher texture abnormalities. In this setting, reduction in MMP‐9 expression was observed, whereas MMP‐2 expression remained unaffected.ConclusionsThese data show that hypomethylating drug 5‐azadC and histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA were able to induce modulation of higher order chromatin organization and gelatinase expression in human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells.
Identification and biological characterization of chicken embryonic cardiac progenitor cells
Authors: Bai C. , Hou L. , Zhang M. , Wang L. , Guan W. , Ma Y. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectives: Many kinds of cardiac progenitor cell populations have been identified, including c‐kit+, Nkx2.5+s and GATA4+ cells. However, these progenitors have limited ability to differentiate into different cardiac cell types. Recently, a new kind of cardiac progenitor cell named the multipotent Isl1+ cardiovascular progenitor (MICPs) has been identified, which also expresses Nkx2.5, GATA4, CD34 and Flk1. Materials and methods: In this study, we have isolated and characterized MICPs from chicken embryonic heart tissues using immunofluorescence and PCR. Results: Results shown that they express markers of cardiac progenitor cells, with high clonality. They have the ability to self‐renew and can give rise to three types of heart cell in vitro. Conclusions: Myocytes, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Our work provides evidence for a developmental paradigm of the heart, that endothelial and muscle lineage diversification arises from multipotent cardiac progenitor cells. Existence of these cells provides a new opportunity for myocardial injury repair.
Physical strength is associated with Mini‐Mental State Examination scores in Spanish institutionalized elderly
Authors: Pedrero‐Chamizo Raquel , Albers Ulrike , Tobaruela José L , Meléndez Agustín , Castillo Manuel J , González‐Gross Marcela 
Published: March 2013

AimThe present cross‐sectional study aimed at assessing muscle strength of hands, the dominant arm and legs in Spanish institutionalized elderly people according to sex, age and cognitive status.MethodsA total of 153 elderly subjects (102 females, 51 males, mean age 83.6 ± 6.8 years) living in the region of Madrid were measured for handgrip strength (kg) with a Takei TKK 5101 digital dynamometer (range 5–100 kg, precision 0.1 kg), and arm and leg endurance strength (repetitions) according to the Rikli and Jones tests. Cognitive status was determined with the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE).ResultsThe values for men and women were, respectively: 23.5 ± 7.3 kg and 11.6 ± 4.6 kg (right handgrip), 22.0 ± 7.8 kg and 10.7 ± 4.8 kg (left handgrip), 13 ± 5 and 10 ± 5 repetitions (arm strength), 8 ± 5 and 5 ± 4 repetitions (legs strength), and 21 ± 6 and 17 ± 7 (MMSE score). All parameters were significantly higher for men (P ≤ 0.01), but strength decline with age was less pronounced in women. In all MMSE groups, lower strength was associated with lower cognitive status.ConclusionsStrength values were lower in older subjects in both sexes; this difference was higher in men than in women. Higher strength values were associated with better cognitive status, which was the most influencing variable, even more than sex and age. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 1026–1034.
Impact of diabetes on cognitive impairment and disability in elderly hospitalized patients with heart failure
Authors: Basile Giorgio , Crucitti Andrea , Cucinotta Maria D , Figliomeni Paolo , Lacquaniti Antonio , Catalano Antonino , Morabito Nancy , Buemi Michele , Lasco Antonino 
Published: March 2013

AimHeart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are each associated with cognitive impairment and disability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of DM on cognitive impairment and functional status in elderly hospitalized patients affected by HF.MethodsA total of 79 elderly hospitalized patients with HF were enrolled in the present study. They underwent physical and instrumental examination, and geriatric multidimensional assessment including Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Differences between groups were established by t‐test, Spearman's correlation coefficient was searched to examine the relation between variables. All results were considered significant if P was <0.05.ResultsHF and DM coexisted in 43 patients (54.4% of cases); when they occurred together patients showed, compared with non diabetic patients, a greater clinical severity of HF (44.2% were in New York Heart Association class IV vs 16.7%, P = 0.017), a lower MMSE score (20.4 ± 3.6 vs 23 ± 3.8, P = 0.004), and a lower number of preserved functions in ADL (3 ± 1.6 vs 4 ± 1.8, P = 0.008) and in IADL (3.2 ± 1.7 vs 4.6 ± 2.3, P = 0.003). The correlation between DM and cognitive impairment, and disability was confirmed by multivariate and univariate analysis.ConclusionsWe confirm that DM is frequent in elderly hospitalized patients with HF, and we report that it has a negative impact on cognitive functions and functional status, worsening cognitive impairment, and disability observed in these patients. Comprehensive geriatric assessment is necessary for older adults with HF, especially when DM coexists. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 1035–1042.
RUTH KLÜGER, AUTOBIOGRAPHY AND REMEMBERING THE HOLOCAUST
Authors: Woods Roger 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTRecent debates among cultural studies specialists and historians on subjectivity in autobiography provide the background to an analysis of Ruth Klüger's accounts of her years in concentration camps and her post‐war experiences in the USA, Germany and Austria. These accounts are characterised by complexity and contradiction, but throughout her work she insists on the primacy of the individual experience and opposes an approach in academic research that turns Holocaust survivors into mere objects of study. These basic attitudes find growing support among historians who seek to do justice to autobiographical writing as a cultural source and as an assertion of individuality.Vor dem Hintergrund neuerer Diskussionen zum Thema Subjektivität in der Autobiographie unter Kulturwissenschaftlern und Historikern werden Ruth Klügers Darstellungen ihrer Jahre in Konzentrationslagern und ihrer Erfahrungen in den USA, Deutschland und Österreich nach 1945 analysiert. Diese Darstellungen lassen sich durch Komplexität und Widersprüchlichkeit charakterisieren, aber konstant in ihrem Denken sind das Primat der individuellen Erfahrung und die Ablehnung eines Ansatzes in der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, der aus Holocaust‐Überlebenden bloße Untersuchungsobjekte macht. Diese Grundpositionen finden eine immer größere Resonanz bei Historikern, die versuchen, der Autobiographie als kultureller Quelle und als Selbstbehauptung des Individuums gerecht zu werden.
KILLING OFF MULTICULTURALISM: GERMAN NEWS REPORTING FROM BOSNIA 1991–1995
Authors: Von Oppen Karoline 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe war in Bosnia in the early 1990s made it clear that the transformation of eastern Europe would not be an easy process. It also marked Europe's failure to agree on a foreign policy and end the war. Remarkably, reporters emerged from the conflict with their reputations greatly enhanced by their bravery and commitment to multicultural Sarajevo in particular. This paper challenges this view, arguing that German reporters at least did little to salvage the notion of multiculturalism from the battlefields of Bosnia. Torn by their desire to back a new German foreign policy, shocked by parallels to the Nazi extermination camps or quite simply ignorant of Bosnian society, German reporters in fact contributed to the aims of the warring parties by making ‘heterogeneous communities unimaginable’ (Robert Hayden).Im Bosnienkrieg der frühen neunziger Jahre zeigte sich erstmals, dass und wie sehr man die Probleme der Transformationsprozesse in Osteuropa unterschätzt hatte. Außerdem machte dieser Krieg deutlich, dass es der EU nicht gelungen war, eine gemeinsame Außenpolitik zu entwickeln und damit den Krieg zu beenden. Im Gegensatz zur Politik vermochten es die deutschen Auslandskorrespondenten allerdings vor allem durch ihr angebliches Engagement für die Sache des Multikulturalismus und der Toleranz in Sarajevo, sich das Ansehen und den Respekt der Öffentlichkeit zu verdienen. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine solche Sichtweise infrage. Er argumentiert, dass es gerade die deutschen Reporter waren, die auf vielfache Weise indirekt die Ziele der Kriegsparteien unterstützten. Ihre Befürwortung der neuen deutschen Außenpolitik, ihre Warnungen vor der Wiederkehr von Konzentrationslagern oder auch schlichtweg ihre pure Ignoranz trugen letztendlich dazu bei, die Möglichkeit von ‘heterogenen Gesellschaften unvorstellbar’ zu machen (Robert Hayden).
Dependence and Human Trafficking in the Context of Transnational Marriage
Authors: Tyldum Guri 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHuman trafficking is often associated with exploitation in prostitution. However, the UN Trafficking Protocol lists several other forms of exploitation as forms of human trafficking, including domestic and sexual servitude. These are forms of exploitation that can take place within the context of a marriage.In this article I discuss issues of vulnerability, power and exploitation in the context of transnational marriage. It is based on a study of Thai and Russian women married to Norwegian men conducted in 2006–2008. Based on an analysis of the experiences, priorities and challenges these women face, I argue that systematic exploitation of the dependence created in transnational marriage in some instances can and should be conceptualized and prosecuted as cases of human trafficking.