bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A service model for diakonia in the Hervormde Kerk in Suidelike Afrika<Sup>1<Sup>
Authors: Manala M. J. , Dreyer T. F.J. 
Published: June 2013

This aticle reflects on the ecclesial position of the diakonia within the Hervormde Kerk in Suidelike Arika. The body-of-Chist model is postulated as the basis for a pracical theological theory. Koinonia is depicted as a linchpin for Christian caring and sharing towards which, if made aware of its role in poverty alleviation, it would make a meaningful contribuion. Ways and means of raising awareness are discussed, ater which relevant resources for practical service provision are identified and discussed. The establishment of small groups and the engagement of women and youth groups are cited as enabling actions in respect of the meaningful provision of benevolent and development services. It is then suggested that the church start, register and run development projects in co-operaion with the welfare department, business, development agencies and ecumenicalriends.
Before the Comuneros: Castilian and Genoese Traditions of “Liberty” in the 1516 Málaga Rebellion
Authors: Coleman David 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
Following its Christian conquest in 1487, Málaga became the Crown of Castile's busiest Mediterranean seaport. The influence of Genoese merchants in Málaga's commercial and political life led historian López de Coca to suggest that the city's 1516 rebellion against the Cisneros regency reflected the influence of Genoese ideas. Using previously unexamined evidence, I conclude that while Genoese influence was important, the Málaga rebellion reflected Castilian traditions more than Genoese. Royal letters concerning the revolt also reveal that the administration of King Charles I exhibited remarkable sympathy toward the Málaga rebels' demands, which resembled those of the Comuneros rebellion in 1520.
An Ojibwe Daphnis and Chloe: David Treuer's The Translation of Dr. Apelles
Authors: Freiert William K. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
In The Translation of Dr. Apelles, Ojibwe novelist David Treuer creates a reclusive scholar named Dr. Apelles who translates a newly discovered Native American manuscript. This manuscript turns out to be an Ojibwe version of Longus's second-century Greek novel Daphnis and Chloe. As he translates the work, Dr. Apelles falls in love with a beautiful woman named Campaspe, just as his namesake, the famous Hellenistic painter, did. Treuer's novel serves as a postmodern exemplum of his literary theory that Native literature should be judged by aesthetic rather than anthropological criteria and that all reality is a text to be “translated.”
Bone Marrow Examination for Unexplained Cytopenias Reveals Nonspecific Findings in Patients With Collagen Vascular Disease
Authors: Hunt Kristin E. , Salama Mohamed E. , Sever Cordelia E. , Foucar Kathryn 
Published: June 2013

Context.—Collagen vascular diseases are frequently included in the differential diagnosis for unexplained cytopenias and often prompt a bone marrow biopsy in this patient population to exclude malignancy. Few large-scale studies have characterized the bone marrow morphology in patients with collagen vascular disease, and most are limited to systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis.Objective.—To identify morphologic and immunohistochemical abnormalities specific to each of a wide range of collagen vascular disease cases.Design.—We examined 102 cases of collagen vascular disease and 38 controls and evaluated the complete blood count, peripheral blood morphology, bone marrow morphology, as well as immunohistochemical staining, for numerous cell lineages.Results.—Bone marrow findings, including abnormalities such as lymphoid aggregates, lipogranulomas, or abnormal localization of immature precursors, were not significantly different as compared to the control group.Conclusions.—Bone marrow examination in patients with collagen vascular disease with cytopenias seldom provides new information. Caution should be exercised in interpreting morphologic findings suggestive of myelodysplasia since these are of a reactive nature in up to 27% of patients with collagen vascular disease. In a cost-effective diagnostic strategy, successful utilization may favor postponing a bone marrow biopsy while a more standardized autoimmune diagnostic panel is being performed.
Clinical Implications of Current Developments in Genitourinary Pathology
Authors: Zhou Amy G. , Owens Christopher L. , Cosar Ediz F. , Jiang Zhong 
Published: June 2013

Context.—Several developments in genitourinary pathology are likely to change our understanding and management of some genitourinary cancers considerably.Objective.—To review 5 stories in genitourinary pathology: (1) fusion in the ETS (E26) gene family in prostatic adenocarcinoma; (2) insulin-like growth factor II messenger RNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3), an important prognostic biomarker for kidney and bladder cancers; (3) translocation renal cell carcinoma; (4) UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization test in urine cytology for detection of bladder cancer; and (5) the use of triple immunostaining for diagnosis of prostate cancer.Data Sources.—Literature review and authors' personal experiences.Conclusions.—Many scientific findings have contributed recently to the understanding of the natural pathogenesis and progression of genitourinary cancers. This translational research helps in diagnosing, predicting, and potentially, treating genitourinary cancers.
Five Top Stories in Cytopathology
Authors: Fischer Andrew H. , Benedict Cynthia C. , Amrikachi Mojgan 
Published: June 2013

Context.—Cytology relies heavily on morphology to make diagnoses, and morphologic criteria have not changed much in recent years. The field is being shaped predominantly by new techniques for imaging and for acquiring and processing samples, advances in molecular diagnosis and therapeutics, and regulatory issues.Objective.—To review the importance of classical morphology in the future of cytopathology, to identify areas in which cytology is expanding or contracting in its scope, and to identify factors that are shaping the field.Data Sources.—Literature review.Conclusions.—Five stories paint a picture in which classical cytomorphology will continue to have essential importance, both for diagnosis and for improving our understanding of cancer biology. New endoscopy and imaging techniques are replacing surgical biopsies with cytology samples. New molecularly targeted therapies offer a chance for cytology to play a major role, but they pose new challenges. New molecular tests have the potential to synergize with, but not replace, morphologic interpretation of thyroid fine-needle aspirations. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration performed by cytopathologists is opening a new field of “interventional cytopathology” with unique value. For the productive evolution of the field, it will be important for cytopathologists to play an active role in clinical trials that document the ability of cytology to achieve cost-effective health care outcomes.
Pathologic Upgrade Rates on Subsequent Excision When Lobular Carcinoma In Situ Is the Primary Diagnosis in the Needle Core Biopsy With Special Attention to the Radiographic Target
Authors: D'Alfonso Timothy M. , Wang Karin , Chiu Ya-Lin , Shin Sandra J. 
Published: June 2013

Context.—Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) as the primary pathologic diagnosis in a needle core biopsy is an infrequent finding, and the management of patients in this setting is controversial.Objective.—To determine the rate of pathologic upgrade (defined as the presence of a clinically more-significant lesion in the subsequent excision) in patients with a primary pathologic diagnosis of LCIS in the needle core biopsy.Design.—Patients with a primary diagnosis of LCIS in a needle core biopsy who underwent subsequent excision were identified. Core biopsies containing a concurrent high-risk lesion and cases with radiologic-pathologic discordance were excluded. The presence of selected microscopic features in the needle core biopsy was correlated with pathologic upgrade. Microscopic findings were correlated with the radiographic target in the needle core biopsy.Results.—Sixty-one women with primary LCIS in their needle core biopsy showed a 10% pathologic upgrade rate. The percentage of cores involved by LCIS was significantly associated with pathologic upgrade (P= .04), whereas the remaining measured parameters were not. When LCIS represented the radiographic target, the pathologic upgrade rate was 18%, whereas when it was an incidental finding, the pathologic upgrade rate was 4%.Conclusions.—It may be reasonable for patients with primary, yet incidental, LCIS on needle core biopsy to be managed in a nonsurgical fashion. Larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Screening for Down Syndrome in the United States: Results of Surveys in 2011 and 2012
Authors: Palomaki Glenn E. , Knight George J. , Ashwood Edward R. , Best Robert G. , Haddow James E. 
Published: June 2013

Context.—Participants in a College of American Pathologists external proficiency testing program for first and second trimester Down syndrome screening.Objectives.—To determine the number of women screened for Down syndrome in the United States, along with the type of test received and to compare those results to earlier surveys in 1988 and 1992.Design.—Questionnaires regarding the type and number of Down syndrome tests performed per month were completed by participants in early 2011 and again in early 2012.Results.—After accounting for some of the missing responses, data from up to 131 laboratories indicated that 67% (2 764 020 of 4 130 000) to 72% (2012: 2 963 592 of 4 130 000) of US pregnancies received prenatal screening for Down syndrome. Second trimester tests were most common (2012: 60%; 1 770 024 of 2 963 592), followed by integrated (2012: 21%; 627 876 of 2 963 592), and first trimester (2012: 19%; 565 692 of 2 963 592). The 6 largest laboratories tested 61% of screened pregnancies and offered the widest array of tests, while the smallest 32 tested 1% and almost always offered only second trimester tests.Conclusions.—The current population estimate of 72% pregnancies screened annually is higher than estimates from 1988 (25%) and 1992 (50%). Available testing choices are also more varied, and all testing methods perform better than those methods available 10 years ago. Clinicians should ensure that women are offered tests that follow recommended best-practice testing protocols, and screening laboratories should assess whether patient needs are being met.
Chemotherapie gegen Schistosomiasis
Authors: Thétiot‐Laurent Sophie A.‐L. , Boissier Jérôme , Robert Anne , Meunier Bernard 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSchistosomiasis (Bilharziose) ist nach Malaria die zweithäufigste Krankheit in Afrika. Schätzungsweise 600 Millionen Menschen in über 70 Ländern in den Tropen und Subtropen haben ein hohes Ansteckungsrisiko mit mindestens 200 000 Todesfällen aus 200 Millionen Infizierten pro Jahr. Der Übertragungsweg sämtlicher Schistosoma‐Arten ist der direkte Kontakt mit der in Süßwasser frei schwimmenden Form des Parasiten, den in Schnecken heranwachsenden Zerkarien. In den Blutgefäßen des Wirts versorgen sich die Schistosoma‐Larven und adulte Schistosomen durch den Verdau von roten Blutkörperchen mit Aminosäuren. Impfungen gegen Schistosomiasis waren bislang nicht erfolgreich, und zur Eindämmung der Krankheit existiert zurzeit nur ein einziger Arzneistoff, das seit über 35 Jahren im Einsatz befindliche Praziquantel. Neuerdings kommen zudem Bedenken über ein mögliches Nachlassen der Wirksamkeit der Substanz auf. Deshalb müssen unbedingt neue und sichere antischistosomale Arzneistoffe entwickelt werden, die in Zweifachtherapien zusammen mit Praziquantel eingesetzt werden.
Formation and structure of polytetrafluoroethylene fibrils
Authors: Dong‐na Zhang , Kai‐chang Kou , Yu Zhang , Qing‐xin Zhao , Zhen‐chao Zheng 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a semi‐crystalline polymer whose fibrils can be easily formed by stretching because of its low tensile activation energy. We prepared two series of PTFE samples with different elongations and degrees of crystallinity, respectively. The morphology analysis of the first series determined that cavities were formed in the PTFE matrix under stretching, and this was a prerequisite for forming fibrils. The barrier between cavities became long and slim under tension, and grew into fibrils finally. It could be found that higher crystallinity is more suitable for forming fibrils. The main part of the fibrils' structure was semi‐crystalline, and the degree of crystallinity could grow under stretching. Besides, the thickness of the lamellae decreased, while the crystalline grain refined at the same time. In the measurement of X‐ray diffraction, it could be found that the lattice plane (108) was more sensitive to stretching, which could rotate to other positions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3710–3717, 2013
The effect of pentaerythritol‐aluminum on the thermal stability of rigid poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Xie Linghua , Li Degang , Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPentaerythritol‐aluminum (PE‐Al) was synthesized by a solid‐phase reaction in this study. The formation and characteristics of PE‐Al were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM images showed that the shapes of PE‐Al particles were spherical and the average size was around 23 nm. The thermal properties of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with PE‐Al were tested by Congo red test, thermal aging test, conductivity test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV–visible spectroscopy test. The results showed that combination of PE‐Al, in comparison with commercial thermal stabilizers, presented an obvious improvement in stabilization efficiency of PVC. Moreover, addition of PE‐Al could significantly prolong static stability time of PVC, reduce weight loss, and improve the initial color of PVC films. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3704–3709, 2013
Grey‐Box Model‐Based Vibration Isolation Using a Dielectric Elastomer Actuator
Authors: Jones Richard W. , Sarban Rahimullah 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis contribution reviews the use of a grey‐box model of a tubular dielectric elastomer actuator for active vibration isolation of a payload, subject to ground vibrations. Two different scenarios, measurable ground vibration plus varying payload and unmeasurable ground vibration with constant payload, are examined. The choice of control approach is tailored to the two scenarios. The overall aims of the work are to (i) provide insight into the possible usefulness of the grey‐box model for active vibration isolation (AVI) for the two different scenarios, and (ii) to provide a qualitative assessment of the practicalities of each control approach examined. The initial part of the paper provides a validation of the grey‐box model for three different sizes of tubular DE actuator indicating that the model is good over the frequency range of interest. For the first scenario, measurable ground vibration with time‐varying payload, adaptive feedforward control, which is an accepted approach for AVI with a measureable disturbance, is used. Here the grey‐box model is only used within the cancellation path, which filters the reference signal by the plant dynamics in order to provide stable estimator performance. As the plant dynamics change with the changing payload the possibility of the estimator becoming unstable arises. Auto‐tuning of the grey‐box model as the payload changes, and hence the cancellation path, is shown to maintain stable estimator performance, though the auto‐tuning procedure is currently taking too long. For the second scenario the ground vibrations are assumed unmeasurable though the payload is assumed constant. The internal model control (IMC) approach was chosen not only because its design is model dependent but also to generally consider the appropriateness of IMC for active vibration applications. Process/model mismatch studies provided a choice of robustness filter time constant to satisfy stability considerations for all three actuators. Compared to adaptive feedforward control the vibration attenuation performance is likely to be slightly inferior because there is always a tendency to be conservative with the choice of robustness filter. Overall, the IMC approach tends to provide a degree of transparency in the design process as well as providing greater flexibility, which implies it is a useful approach for active vibration control applications, as long as a good model is available.
Global Exponential Stability Analysis of Discrete‐Time Genetic Regulatory Networks with Time Delays
Authors: Li Yanjiang , Zhang Xian , Tan Chong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper focuses on the study of global robust exponential stability of discrete‐time genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) with time‐invariant/time‐varying delays and parameter uncertainties. Many existing results on this problem are based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, which needs to verify whether there exists a feasible solution of a set of LMIs. Along with the increase in the number of genes, dimensions of LMIs will increase accordingly, which will lead to a large amount of calculation. Based on M‐matrix theory, sufficient conditions ensuring the global robust exponential stability of a class of discrete‐time GRNs with time‐invariant/time‐varying delays and parameter uncertainties are presented. These given conditions are to check whether a constructed constant matrix is a nonsingular M‐matrix. Simulation results of several examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Feedback network analysis: an eclectic approach
Authors: Fontana Giuseppe 
Published: June 2013

SummaryBased on new results in circuit theory, a novel approach to feedback in linear electrical networks is proposed that generalizes the elementary one and circumvents some drawbacks and limitations that may be encountered with other general methods. It applies to all linear circuits and, differently from other approaches, does not demand two‐port models or the feedback to be referred to some controlled source. Also, it evades the necessity to construct an equivalent network or to use null double injection conditions. Instead, it allows the feedback to be detected virtually in any point of the network and seems to be more effective at ‘opening the loop’ and agevolating an analysis by inspection on less complex subcircuits. Though simple and readily applicable, the present approach is rigorous, general and provides exact formulas for overall transfer functions and immittances as well as a general model of feedback. Moreover, it allows some of the most relevant achievements of other general approaches to be generalized and rederived as particular cases. Further results, such as a generalization of the virtual short‐circuit method as well as a geometric interpretation of its limits of validity and of closed‐loop −3 dB band limits, are achieved. Practical examples of application and comparison with other methods are also given. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptation strategies of desert riparian forest vegetation in response to drought stress
Authors: Chen Yaning , Zhou Honghua , Chen Yapeng 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we discuss the adaptation mechanisms of desert riparian forest vegetation's responses to drought stress. Ecological and physiological parameters are presented, including coverage, density and species diversity. Also investigated are the photosynthesis, fluorescent parameters, leaf water potential, leaf proline (PRO), soluble sugar, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and abscisic acid (ABA) of the main constructive species at various buried groundwater depths of the Tarim River's lower reaches. The results reveal a close relationship between vegetation and groundwater depth and show that the most appropriate groundwater depths for the optimal composition and structure of plant communities is 2–6 m. For the main constructive species, Populus euphratica and Tamarix spp., the most appropriate groundwater depths and the critical depths are 4 and 8 m for P. euphratica and 6 and 10 m for Tamarix spp., respectively. However, when groundwater depths exceed 4 m for P. euphratica or 6 m for Tamarix spp., the plants suffer drought stress. During moderate or extreme drought stress, P. euphratica and Tamarix spp. rapidly accumulate PRO, soluble sugar, SOD and ABA in their leaves, thereby reducing leaf water potential and stomatal conductance, enhancing osmoregulation and alleviating the esterification of cell membranes. Such a response decreases the yield as well as the photosynthetic and electron transport rate, thus improving the efficiency of water utilization. Complementary actions in resisting drought stress likewise occurred between SOD activity and POD activity, and between the contents of PRO and soluble sugar in P. euphratica and Tamarix spp. leaf cells. In the main, P. euphratica accumulated a large amount of soluble sugar for osmoregulation to counter drought stress, whereas Tamarix spp. accumulated a large volume of PRO. When suffering extreme drought stress, Tamarix spp. enhanced its POD activity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Damage assessment through structural identification of a three‐story large‐scale precast concrete structure
Authors: Belleri Andrea , Moaveni Babak , Restrepo José I. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the damage assessment of a three‐story half‐scale precast concrete building resembling a parking garage through structural identification. The structure was tested under earthquake‐type loading on the NEES large high‐performance outdoor shake table at the University of California San Diego in 2008. The tests provide a unique opportunity to capture the dynamic performance of precast concrete structures built under realistic boundary conditions. The effective modal parameters of the structure at different damage states have been identified from white‐noise and scaled earthquake test data with the assumption that the structure responded in a quasi‐linear manner. Modal identification has been performed using the deterministic‐stochastic subspace identification method based on the measured input–output data. The changes in the identified modal parameters are correlated to the observed damage. In general, the natural frequencies decrease, and the damping ratios increase as the structure is exposed to larger base excitations, indicating loss of stiffness, development/propagation of cracks, and failure in joint connections. The analysis of the modal rotations and curvatures allowed the localization of shear and flexural damages respectively and the checking of the effectiveness of repair actions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hexamethoxycyclotriphosphazene as a flame retardant for polyurethane foams
Authors: Käbisch Bert , Fehrenbacher Ulrich , Kroke Edwin 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYPolyurethane (PU) foams were protected by phosphorous and nitrogen‐based molecular flame retardant hexamethoxycyclotriphosphazene c‐[N = P(OMe)2]3 (HMCPT). This compound was synthesized, analyzed, and investigated with respect to its thermal behavior, compatibility, and efficiency as a flame retardant (FR) for PU foams. The decomposition of HMCPT starts at 186 °C in air and under argon, as indicated by TG/DSC measurements. It was possible to introduce 5 per hundred parts polyol (phpp) of HMCPT into the PU foams. The mechanical and morphological characteristics of the protected foams—compression load deflection, tenacity, tensile elongation, air perviousness, and raw density—were investigated indicating that the FR has an impact on all of these properties. The flame retardancy was evaluated with the FM VSS 302 test, where an self‐extinguishing classification was reached with 5 phpp of HMCPT. Cone calorimeter measurements provide evidence for a flame poisoning mechanism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.