bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hyperplane of early-type galaxies: using stellar population properties to increase the precision and accuracy of the fundamental plane as a distance indicator
Authors: D’Eugenio Francesco , Colless Matthew , van der Wel Arjen , Vaughan Sam P , Said Khaled , van de Sande Jesse , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Bryant Julia J , Croom Scott M , López-Sánchez Ángel R , Lorente Nuria P F , Maiolino Roberto , Taylor Edward N 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We use deep spectroscopy from the SAMI (Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral) Galaxy Survey to explore the precision of the fundamental plane (FP) of early-type galaxies as a distance indicator for future single-fibre spectroscopy surveys. We study the optimal trade-off between sample size and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and investigate which additional observables can be used to construct hyperplanes with smaller intrinsic scatter than the FP. We add increasing levels of random noise (parametrized as effective exposure time) to the SAMI spectra to study the effect of increasing measurement uncertainties on the FP- and hyperplane-inferred distances. We find that, using direct-fit methods, the values of the FP and hyperplane best-fitting coefficients depend on the spectral SNR, and reach asymptotic values for a mean $\langle \mathrm{ SNR} \rangle =40\, \mathrm{\mathring{\rm A}}^{-1}$. As additional variables for the FP we consider three stellar-population observables: light-weighted age, stellar mass-to-light ratio, and a novel combination of Lick indices ($I_\mathrm{age}$). For an $\langle \mathrm{ SNR} \rangle =45~\mathrm{\mathring{\rm A}}^{-1}$ (equivalent to 1-h exposure on a 4-m telescope), all three hyperplanes outperform the FP as distance indicators. Being an empirical spectral index, $I_\mathrm{age}$ avoids the model-dependent uncertainties and bias underlying age and mass-to-light ratio measurements, yet yields a 10 per cent reduction of the median distance uncertainty compared to the FP. We also find that, as a by-product, the $I_\mathrm{age}$ hyperplane removes most of the reported environment bias of the FP. After accounting for the different SNR, these conclusions also apply to a 50 times larger sample from SDSS-III (Sloan Digital Sky Survey). However, in this case, only $\mathrm{ age}$ removes the environment bias.
Self-similar mass accretion history in scale-free simulations
Authors: Soltis John , Garrison Lehman H 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Using a scale-free N-body simulation generated with the abacusN-body code, we test the robustness of halo mass accretion histories via their convergence to self-similarity. We compare two halo finders, rockstar and compaso. We find superior self-similarity in halo mass accretion histories determined using rockstar, with convergence to 5 per cent or better between $\sim\!\! 10^2$ and $10^5$ particles. For compaso, we find weaker convergence over a similar region, with at least 10 per cent between $\sim\!\! 10^2$ and $10^4$ particles. Furthermore, we find that the convergence to self-similarity improves as the simulation evolves, with the largest and deepest regions of convergence appearing after the scale factor quadrupled from the time at which non-linear structures begin to form. With sufficient time evolution, halo mass accretion histories are converged to self-similarity within 5 per cent with as few as $\sim\!\! 70$ particles for compaso and within 2 per cent for as few as $\sim\!\! 30$ particles for rockstar.
Coordinated DNA polymerization by Polγ and the region of LonP1 regulated proteolysis
Authors: Riccio Amanda A , Brannon Asia J , Krahn Juno M , Bouvette Jonathan , Williams Jason G , Borgnia Mario J , Copeland William C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The replicative mitochondrial DNA polymerase, Polγ, and its protein regulation are essential for the integrity of the mitochondrial genome. The intricacies of Polγ regulation and its interactions with regulatory proteins, which are essential for fine-tuning polymerase function, remain poorly understood. Misregulation of the Polγ heterotrimer, consisting of (i) PolG, the polymerase catalytic subunit and (ii) PolG2, the accessory subunit, ultimately results in mitochondrial diseases. Here, we used single particle cryo-electron microscopy to resolve the structure of PolG in its apoprotein state and we captured Polγ at three intermediates within the catalytic cycle: DNA bound, engaged, and an active polymerization state. Chemical crosslinking mass spectrometry, and site-directed mutagenesis uncovered the region of LonP1 engagement of PolG, which promoted proteolysis and regulation of PolG protein levels. PolG2 clinical variants, which disrupted a stable Polγ complex, led to enhanced LonP1-mediated PolG degradation. Overall, this insight into Polγ aids in an understanding of mitochondrial DNA replication and characterizes how machinery of the replication fork may be targeted for proteolytic degradation when improperly functioning.
Utilization of machine learning methods for prediction of acute and late rectal toxicity due to curative prostate radiotherapy
Authors: Ozkan Emine Elif , Serel Tekin Ahmet , Soyupek Arap Sedat , Kaymak Zumrut Arda 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Rectal toxicity is one of the primary dose-limiting side effects of prostate cancer radiotherapy, and consequential impairment on quality of life in these patients with long survival is an important problem. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possibility of predicting rectal toxicity with artificial intelligence model which was including certain dosimetric parameters.

Materials and methods
One hundred and thirty-seven patients with a diagnosis of prostate cancer who received curative radiotherapy for prostate +/− pelvic lymphatics were included in the study. The association of the clinical data and dosimetric data between early and late rectal toxicity reported during follow-up was evaluated. The sample size was increased to 274 patients by synthetic data generation method. To determine suitable models, 15 models were studied with machine learning algorithms using Python 2.3, Pycaret library. Random forest classifier was used with to detect active variables.

Results
The area under the curve and accuracy were found to be 0.89–0.97 and 95%–99%, respectively, with machine learning algorithms. The sensitivity values for acute and toxicity were found to be 0.95 and 0.99, respectively.

Conclusion
Early or late rectal toxicity can be predicted with a high probability via dosimetric and physical data and machine learning algorithms of patients who underwent prostate +/− pelvic radiotherapy. The fact that rectal toxicity can be predicted before treatment, which may result in limiting the dose and duration of treatment, makes us think that artificial intelligence can enter our daily practice in a short time in this sense.
Intramural Leiomyomas and Fertility
Authors: Pritts Taïna Laurore , Ogden Meghan , Parker William , Ratcliffe Jennifer , Pritts Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate fertility outcomes based on size and number of intramural leiomyomas and outcomes after removal.

DATA SOURCES:
Online searches: MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PROSPERO Library from 1994 to 2023.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
A total of 5,143 studies were identified, with inclusion of 13 study groups.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION AND RESULTS:
Outcomes for size and number of leiomyomas were reported with clinical pregnancy rates and ongoing pregnancy or live-birth rates. In data sets with maximum leiomyoma diameters of less than 6 cm for study inclusion, women with leiomyomas smaller than 3 cm had lower clinical pregnancy rates than women without leiomyomas, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.53 (95% CI, 0.38–0.76) and, for ongoing pregnancy or live-birth rates, an OR of 0.59 (95% CI, 0.41–0.86). The ORs for clinical pregnancy rates in women with intermediately-sized leiomyomas (those between 3 cm and 6 cm) were lower than in women without leiomyomas, with an OR at 0.43 (95% CI, 0.29–0.63) and, for ongoing pregnancy or live-birth rates, an OR at 0.38 (95% CI, 0.24–0.59). In data sets without exclusion for women with larger-sized leiomyomas, clinical pregnancy rates were lower for those with leiomyomas smaller than 5 cm compared with those without leiomyomas, with an OR of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.58–0.96). Women with leiomyomas larger than 5 cm showed no differences in clinical pregnancy rate compared with women without leiomyomas, with an OR of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.32–1.58). Although women with a single leiomyoma in any location had no differences in outcomes, those with more than one leiomyoma had lower clinical pregnancy rates and ongoing pregnancy or live-birth rates, with an OR of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.44–0.86) and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.36–0.88), respectively. The clinical pregnancy rate for women undergoing myomectomy for intramural leiomyomas was no different than those with intramural leiomyomas in situ, with an OR of 1.10 (95% CI, 0.77–1.59).

CONCLUSION:
Even small intramural leiomyomas are associated with lower fertility; removal does not confer benefit. Women with more than one leiomyoma in any location have reduced fertility.
Intraoperative Ultrasonography for the Surgical Treatment of Grisel Syndrome of the Adult
Authors: Rusconi Angelo , Schembari Silvia , Peron Stefano , Ardemagni Andreana , Stefini Roberto 
Published: June 2024

Study Design:
This is a narrative review and case report.

Objective:
To review the literature concerning Grisel syndrome physiopathology, diagnosis, and surgical reports, highlighting the decision-making for treatment and its timing. We describe the role of intraoperative US in the management of 2 cases of GS of the adult.

Summary of Background Data:
GS is a rare nontraumatic post inflammatory C1-C2 rotatory instability usually affecting children; adult cases are even rarer, and the role of surgical treatment is not well defined.

Case Discussion:
Case 1: A 72-year-old man with upper cervical pain and no neurological deficit; radiologic examination revealed C1-C2 spondylitis and epidural abscess. After antibiotic therapy, the patient developed cervical instability. Hence, surgical decompression and C1-C2 stabilization were performed. Case 2: An 82-year-old woman with progressive right hemiparesis. CT and MRI showed C1-C2 spondylitis with retro-odontoid epidural abscess. Atlanto-axial rotatory instability was evident so surgery was achieved. In both cases, intraoperative US was useful for localizing retro-odontoid abscess and allowing safe puncture of the collection, leading to its remarkable radiologic reduction.

Conclusion:
GS in adults remains a challenge: Patients should be closely monitored concerning neurological and inflammatory status. We describe the successful use of intraoperative US for draining retro-odontoid abscess for the first time, with satisfactory postoperative outcome without need of circumferential approach.
Gallbladder dysfunction caused by MYPT1 ablation triggers cholestasis-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice
Authors: Wang Ye , Jiang Zhi-Hui , Zhou Yu-Wei , Qiu Tian-Tian , Wang Han , Zhu Min-Sheng , Chen Xin , Zhang Xue-Na 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The incidence of gallbladder diseases is as high as 20%, but whether gallbladder diseases contribute to hepatic disorders remains unknown.

Methods:
Here, we established an animal model of gallbladder dysfunction and assessed the role of a diseased gallbladder in cholestasis-induced hepatic fibrosis (CIHF).

Results:
Mice with smooth muscle-specific deletion of Mypt1, the gene encoding the main regulatory subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase (myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 [MYPT1]), had apparent dysfunction of gallbladder motility. This dysfunction was evidenced by abnormal contractile responses, namely, inhibited cholecystokinin 8-mediated contraction and nitric oxide–resistant relaxation. As a consequence, the gallbladder displayed impaired bile filling and biliary tract dilation comparable to the alterations in CIHF. Interestingly, the mutant animals also displayed CIHF features, including necrotic loci by the age of 1 month and subsequently exhibited progressive fibrosis and hyperplastic/dilated bile ducts. This pathological progression was similar to the phenotypes of the animal model with bile duct ligation and patients with CIHF. The characteristic biomarker of CIHF, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, was also elevated in the mice. Moreover, we observed that the myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 protein level was able to be regulated by several reagents, including lipopolysaccharide, exemplifying the risk factors for gallbladder dysfunction and hence CIHF.

Conclusions:
We propose that gallbladder dysfunction caused by myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 ablation is sufficient to induce CIHF in mice, resulting in impairment of the bile transport system.
Randomized clinical trial on safety of the natriuretic peptide ularitide as treatment of refractory cirrhotic ascites
Authors: Gantzel Rasmus H. , Møller Emilie E. , Aagaard Niels K. , Watson Hugh , Jepsen Peter , Grønbæk Henning 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Sodium and water retention is a mainstay of the pathophysiology leading to ascites formation in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Refractory ascites denotes the most severe ascites status with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. We investigated the efficacy and safety of the natriuretic peptide ularitide in patients with refractory cirrhotic ascites.

Methods:
We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled trial investigating ularitide to manage refractory ascites. Until trial termination after interim analyses, we randomized 17 participants in a 2:1 ratio between ularitide (n=11) and placebo (n=6). While hospitalized, the participants received treatment for up to 48 hours. The primary efficacy endpoint was a change in renal water excretion, and secondary end points included changes in renal sodium excretion rate and body weight. The starting dose was 30 ng/kg/min, though later reduced to 20 for safety reasons.

Results:
In contrast to the study hypothesis, the mean urine production decreased after 24 hours of ularitide treatment compared with the baseline level (22.8 vs. 47.5 mL/h, p=0.04) and decreased more in participants randomized to ularitide than placebo (24.7 vs. −6.2 mL/h, p=0.05). Ularitide did not increase the renal sodium excretion rate or reduce the weight gain. The incidence rate ratio of adverse reactions in ularitide versus placebo was 8.5 (95% CI: 2–35, p=0.003). Participants treated with ularitide developed serious blood pressure reductions, impacting their renal responsiveness.

Conclusions:
Ularitide in doses of 20–30 ng/kg/min did not benefit urine production and renal sodium excretion rate in patients with refractory ascites. The participants randomized to ularitide overall developed more adverse reactions than placebo. EudraCT no. 2019-002268-28.
The role of oculoplastic surgeons in minimally invasive cosmetic injectables
Authors: Meer Elana , Lopez Jacqueline , Lu Jonathan , Winn Bryan J. , Grob Seanna R. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
In recent years, the field of aesthetic medicine has witnessed a paradigm shift with an increasing demand for minimally invasive cosmetic procedures, including cosmetic injectables. This review aims to delineate the distinctive role played by oculoplastic surgeons in the administration of cosmetic injectables, comparing their expertise to that of nonphysician practitioners.

Recent findings
Complications arising from cosmetic injections are discussed, including skin discoloration, inflammation, necrosis, vision loss, retinal pathology, and central nervous system adverse effects. Injector expertise, patient factors, type of filler, location of injection, and management strategies are reviewed. Findings highlight diverse practitioner involvement, common adverse effects like skin necrosis and vision loss, with hyaluronic acid fillers being prominent. Areas at the highest risk for ocular complication include the glabella and nose with potential management involving dissolving fillers and reducing pressure. Emphasis is placed on expert injector selection and patient awareness.

Summary
The administration of cosmetic injectables requires a profound understanding of facial anatomy, vasculature, and potential complications. In contrast to nonphysician practitioners, oculoplastic and aesthetic surgeons bring a level of anatomical precision and clinical acumen that is essential for navigating the complexities of cosmetic injectables. Emphasis on training and collaboration among practitioners will be essential in advancing the field while prioritizing patient safety and satisfaction.
Glaucoma Severity Stage at First Visit at a University Eye Clinic in Congo
Authors: Elongo Gloria M. , Buvy Nicole N. , Kabedi Nelly N. , Mwanza Jean-Claude 
Published: June 2024

Précis:
Initial presentation of glaucoma at a major eye clinic mostly features advanced disease with a high proportion of blindness. This is likely a microcosm of a nationwide issue requiring concerted strategies to detect glaucoma early.

Purpose:
To characterize the severity stage of new glaucoma patients in Congolese attending a university eye clinic.

Methods:
New glaucoma patients (n=118) were labeled as early or late presenters based on visual field sensitivity in the worse eye.

Results:
Mean age was 58.9±15.7 years, 51.7% were males. Overall, the worse eye had advanced, whereas the better eye had moderate glaucoma, with an asymmetry of −7.4 dB (P<0.001). Blindness was present in 30.5% of worse and 5.1% of better eyes. Seventy-two patients (61.0%) were late presenters. Visual acuity was lower (P<0.001), intraocular pressure (IOP) higher (P=0.02), cup-to-disc ratio larger (P=0.011), and retinal nerve fiber layer thinner (P=0.001) in late presenters’ worse than better eye. The worse and better eyes of late presenters had advanced glaucoma, with a −9.6 dB interocular asymmetry (P<0.001); 40.3% and 8.3% were blind, respectively. In early presenters, the worse and better eyes had moderate and early disease, respectively; the asymmetry was −3.2 dB (P<0.001), and 15.2% were blind. Overall, 58.5% and 65.3% presented with advanced disease in the worse eye based on visual field and cup-to-disc ratio criteria of the Canadian Ophthalmological Society staging scale, respectively.

Conclusions:
Most new glaucoma patients had bilateral advanced but asymmetric disease. These findings call for the establishment of community-based measures for early detection of glaucoma and a referral network system connecting community healthcare to tertiary eye clinics.
The effect of a pre-operative and post-operative exercise programme versus standard care on physical fitness of patients with oesophageal and gastric cancer undergoing neoadjuvant treatment prior to surgery (the PERIOP-OG trial): a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Loughney Lisa , Bolger Jarlath , Tully Roisin , Sorensen Jan , Bambrick Marie , Carroll Paul A. , Arumugasamy Mayilone , Murphy Thomas J. , McCaffrey Noel , Robb William B. ,   on Behalf of the PERIOP-OG Working Group
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Although the benefits of post-operative rehabilitation in cancer surgery are well established, the role of prehabilitation is less defined. Oesophagogastric cancers present a unique opportunity to study the impact of prehabilitation during the neoadjuvant window, whether with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (NCT) in patients who are frequently nutritionally depleted. This trial examines the impact of a community-based exercise programme on patient fitness during and after the neoadjuvant window.

Methods:
A pragmatic, randomized controlled multicentre trial was undertaken in three centres. Inclusion criteria were patients aged at least 18 years planned for NCT and esophagectomy or gastrectomy. Participants were randomized 1:1 to an exercise prehabilitation group (EX) or to usual care (UC). The primary endpoint was cardiorespiratory fitness between baseline and pre-surgery time point using the 6-minute walk test (MVT). Secondary endpoints included a hand dynamometer, 10-s sit-to-stand, activity behaviour, body mass index, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires assessing the quality of life, surgical fear, general self-efficacy and mastery.

Results:
Between March 2019 and December 2020, 71 participants were recruited: EX (n=36) or UC (n=35). From baseline to pre-surgery, the difference-in-difference (DID) for EX showed a significant improvement in 6MWT of 50.7 m (P=0.05) compared to UC [mean (SD): 522.1 m (+/−104.3) to 582.1 m (+/−108) vs. 497.5 m (+/−106.3) to 506.0 m (+/−140.4). There was no statistically significant DID for secondary outcome measures.

Conclusions:
This community exercise prehabilitation programme significantly improves physical fitness for surgery, is feasible and provides a standardized framework for the prescription of exercise in oesophagogastric cancer patients undergoing NCT.
Patients with stage IV colorectal carcinoma selected for palliative primary tumor resection and systemic therapy survive longer compared with systemic therapy alone: a retrospective comparative cohort study
Authors: Mantke Rene , Schneider Constanze , von Ruesten Anne , Hauptmann Michael 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
To compare the survival of palliative stage IV colorectal cancer patients selected for primary tumor resection and systemic treatment (PTR+SYST) to patients with systemic treatment only (SYST).

Background:
About 20–25% of all colorectal cancer patients are diagnosed with stage IV disease. The benefit of primary tumor resection in the palliative situation is therefore of high concern. However, empirical evidence from randomized and observational studies is inconsistent.

Methods:
Mortality after PTR+SYST was compared to systemic treatment alone in a retrospective observational cohort of patients diagnosed 2012–2020 from the cancer registry in the federal state of Brandenburg (Germany), excluding patients with rectal cancer of the lower two-thirds, emergency procedures, unknown ECOG status, ECOG greater than 2, unknown metastatic status or unclear grading.

Results:
Of 480 patients, 416 died during an average follow-up of 23 months in mean. Twelve-month survival was 75% after PTR+SYST compared with 49% after SYST [hazard ratio (HR)=0.39, 95% CI 0.29–0.53, P<0.001]. The difference persisted to 36 months (28% vs. 13%, HR=0.53, 95% CI 0.43–0.66, P<0.001). Results were similar after multivariate adjustment, propensity score matching and delayed entry.

Conclusion and relevance:
Patients with stage IV colorectal carcinoma who are selected for primary tumor resection in combination with systemic therapy and who receive such treatment survive longer compared with patients who receive only systemic treatment. Whether the difference is due to the selection of patients or PTR remains unclear. At present, the current practice of selecting patients for PTR appears to do no harm.