bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extravagant ornaments of male threadfin rainbowfish (Iriatherina werneri) are not costly for swimming
Authors: Trappett Andrew , Condon Catriona H. , White Craig , Matthews Phil , Wilson Robbie S. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryExaggeration of male sexual ornaments should be costly, in terms of metabolic expenditure, resource allocation or even locomotor function. For example, many male ornaments are predicted to affect the aerodynamics, drag or biomechanics of movement and thus inhibit the speed or manoeuvrability of individuals; but empirical support for this is equivocal.We tested the locomotor and metabolic costs of exaggerated male ornaments in the threadfin rainbowfish (Iriatherina werneri), an Australasian native fish characterized by excessively long fin streamers. We predicted that males with greater relative ornamentation would have reduced escape abilities (i.e. burst swim speeds) as well as higher metabolic costs when resting or swimming. Furthermore, we evaluated the benefits of the signal by comparing the preference of females for males with differing amounts of ornamentation.As expected, we found that females spent more time observing (i.e. preferred) males with longer relative fins. We also experimentally reduced threadfin length and found that females continued to show preference for males with longer fins, rather than a preference for particular males.MaleI. werneriwith longer ornaments had higher resting metabolic rates, but we found no effect of ornament size on metabolic rates during swimming. Males with longer threadfins tended to swim faster, but our manipulation of fin length had no effect on burst swimming speed, indicating swimming abilities are not causally related to threadfin length.Overall, we found no evidence that the extravagant ornaments of male threadfin rainbowfish increase the metabolic or functional costs associated with swimming. Our results are surprising, given the high viscosity of water and the extreme length ofI. werneri'sornaments. We suggest that future work should focus on the fitness costs of threadfin length, relative to reproductive output or survival under more natural conditions.
Resting‐state connectivity deficits associated with impaired inhibitory control in non‐treatment‐seeking adolescents with psychotic symptoms
Authors: Jacobson McEwen S. C. , Connolly C. G. , Kelly A. M. C. , Kelleher I. , O'Hanlon E. , Clarke M. , Blanchard M. , McNamara S. , Connor D. , Sheehan E. , Donohoe G. , Cannon M. , Garavan H. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivePsychotic symptoms are common in the population and index risk for a range of severe psychopathological outcomes. We wished to investigate functional connectivity in a community sample of adolescents who reported psychotic symptoms (the extended psychosis phenotype).MethodThis study investigated intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) during resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; rs‐fMRI). Following screening in schools, 11 non‐treatment seeking, youth with psychotic symptoms (aged 11–13) and 14 community controls participated in the study. Seed regions of interest comprised brain regions previously shown to exhibit aberrant activation during inhibitory control in adolescents with psychotic symptoms.ResultsRelative to controls, adolescents with psychotic symptoms exhibited reduced iFC between regions supporting inhibitory control. Specifically, they showed weaker iFC between the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the cingulate, IFG and the striatum, anterior cingulate and claustrum, and precuneus and supramarginal gyrus. Conversely, the psychotic symptoms group exhibited stronger iFC between the superior frontal gyrus and claustrum and IFG and lingual gyrus.ConclusionThe present findings are the first to reveal aberrant functional connectivity in resting‐state networks in a community sample of adolescents with psychotic symptoms and suggest that disruption in integration between distributed neural networks (particularly between prefrontal, cingulate and striatal brain regions) may be a key neurobiological feature of the extended psychosis phenotype.
Oncostatin M is a FIP1L1/PDGFRA‐dependent mediator of cytokine production in chronic eosinophilic leukemia
Authors: Hoermann G. , Cerny‐Reiterer S. , Sadovnik I. , Müllauer L. , Bilban M. , Gröger M. , Horny H.‐P. , Reiter A. , Schmitt‐Graeff A. , Mannhalter C. , Valent P. , Mayerhofer M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundChronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by expansion of neoplastic eosinophils, tissue infiltration, and organ damage. In a subset of these patients, the FIP1L1/PDGFRA (F/P) oncoprotein is detectable. F/P exhibits constitutive tyrosine kinase activity and activates a number of signaling pathways. So far, however, little is known about the role of F/P‐dependent proteins in the pathogenesis of CEL.MethodsA screen for F/P‐dependent cytokines was performed in growth factor‐dependent human cell lines lentivirally transduced with F/P. Signal transduction pathways were characterized in Ba/F3 cells with doxycycline‐inducible expression of F/P and in EOL‐1 cells. Cytokine expression was confirmed in patients' material by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopy. Gene expression analysis, proliferation assays, and chemotaxis assays were used to elucidate paracrine interactions between neoplastic eosinophils and stromal cells.ResultsWe show that F/P upregulates expression of oncostatin M (OSM) in various cell line models in a STAT5‐dependent manner. Correspondingly, neoplastic eosinophils in the bone marrow were found to overexpress OSM. OSM derived from F/P + cells stimulated proliferation of stromal cells. Moreover, OSM‐containing supernatants from F/P + cells were found to upregulate production of stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1)/CXCL12 in human fibroblasts. SDF‐1, in turn, induced migration of EOL‐1 cells in a dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionsWe have identified a F/P‐driven paracrine interaction between neoplastic eosinophils and stromal cells that may contribute to tissue fibrosis and accumulation of neoplastic eosinophils in CEL.
Peer Victimization and Social Alienation: Predicting Deviant Peer Affiliation in Middle School
Authors: Rudolph Karen D. , Lansford Jennifer E. , Agoston Anna M. , Sugimura Niwako , Schwartz David , Dodge Kenneth A. , Pettit Gregory S. , Bates John E. 
Published: April 2013

Two prospective studies examined a theoretical model wherein exposure to victimization, resulting from early behavioral risk, heightens children's social alienation and subsequent deviant peer affiliation (DPA). Across Study 1 (298 girls, 287 boys; K–7th grade; 5–12 years) and Study 2 (338 girls, 298 boys; 2nd–6th grade; 8–12 years), children, parents, peers, and teachers reported on children's externalizing behavior and internalizing symptoms, peer victimization, social alienation, and DPA. Path analyses supported the proposed pathway: Peer victimization predicted social alienation, which then predicted DPA. Early externalizing behavior set this path in motion and made an independent contribution to DPA. This research identifies an important pathway through which externalizing behavior and consequent peer victimization launch children onto a risky social trajectory.
Targeting translational control as a novel way to treat inflammatory disease: the emerging role of MicroRNAs
Authors: Plank M. , Maltby S. , Mattes J. , Foster P. S. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryChronic inflammatory diseases (e.g. asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality world‐wide and effective treatments are limited. These disorders can often be attributed to abnormal immune responses to environmental stimuli and infections. Mechanisms leading to inflammation are complex, resulting from interactions of structural cells and activation of both the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system. The activation of structural and immune cells involves both temporary and permanent changes in gene expression in these cells, which underpin chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction. miRNAs are small non‐coding RNAs increasingly being recognized to play important roles in the post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells by regulating translation. Individual miRNAs can exert their effects by directly inhibiting the translation or stability of multiple mRNAs simultaneously. Thus, the expression or blockade of function of a single miRNA (miR) can result in pronounced alterations in protein expression within a given cell. Dysregulation of miRNA expression may subsequently alter cellular function, and in certain situations predispose to disease. Our current understanding of the role of miRNA in the regulation of inflammatory disease (e.g. allergic diseases) remains limited. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of miRNA biogenesis and function, the roles miRNA play in the regulation of immune cell function and their potential contribution to inflammatory diseases. We also highlight strategies to alter miRNA function for experimental or therapeutic gain, and discuss the potential utility and limitations of targeting these molecules as anti‐inflammatory strategies.
A new intervention to improve work participation of young adults with physical disabilities: a feasibility study
Authors: Verhoef Joan A C , Miedema Harald S , Van Meeteren Jetty , Stam Henk J , Roebroeck Marij E 
Published: April 2013

AimThe aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of a new intervention to improve work participation of young adults with physical disabilities, addressing (1) implementation and costs and (2) preliminary effectiveness.MethodTwelve young adults with physical disabilities (six males, six females; age 19–28y, median age 21y 6mo) participated in a 1‐year multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation intervention. In a pre–post intervention design, we assessed implementation and costs as well as preliminary effectiveness in terms of employment and occupational performance using questionnaires and interviews. We tested pre–post differences with the McNemar test for proportions and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test for scores on occupational performance; p‐values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Additionally, we assessed work participation at follow‐up after 2 years and 3 years.ResultsThe intervention was implemented in an outpatient rehabilitation clinic for young adults. The median cost per participant for 1 year was €3128, which is an equivalent to the cost of 72 contact hours per participant. Post intervention, and at 2 years and 3 years follow‐up, a significantly higher proportion of participants were employed (8/12 post vs 2/12 pre‐intervention; p<0.05), with the ratio of those in paid to unpaid employment being 4:4, 5:3, and 7:1 respectively. Participants showed improved occupational performance in work, self‐care, and leisure.InterpretationFeasibility and preliminary effectiveness of the intervention are promising. Employed participants seemed to have achieved suitable and continuous employment.
Serum tryptase correlates with the KIT D816V mutation burden in adults with indolent systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Kristensen Thomas , Broesby‐Olsen Sigurd , Vestergaard Hanne , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten , Møller Michael Boe ,   the Mastocytosis Centre Odense University Hospital (MastOUH)
Published: April 2013

AbstractSystemic mastocytosis (SM) is characterized by the growth of neoplastic mast cells (MCs). Most adults with indolent SM carry the KIT D816V mutation. We recently introduced the D816V+ allele fraction as a disease marker in SM using a sensitive and quantitative KIT D816V mutation analysis that consistently allows mutation detection in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM). The D816V+ allele fraction represents a quantitative measure which allows KIT D816V‐positivity to be analyzed as a continuous variable instead of a categorical variable (negative/positive) as previously described. Serum tryptase represents an established disease marker in SM, and it remains to be tested whether tryptase and the D816V+ allele fraction are associated or represent independent disease markers. In this study, correlation analysis between serum tryptase, the D816V+ allele fraction in PB and BM, and the MC fraction was performed in 57 indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM) patients. We detected significant correlations between the D816V+ allele fraction, the mature neoplastic MC fraction, and serum tryptase which represent three different biological measures of disease burden. Mutation analysis was performed in two or more PB samples in 39 patients, and the results demonstrated high stability with no overall tendency to increasing D816V+ allele fractions over time. Considerable variation was nevertheless observed in the correlation analyses. Serum tryptase reflects the mature MC load, whereas the D816V+ allele fraction includes cells other than mature MCs to a variable extent. We conclude that tryptase and the D816V+ allele fraction represent different, although correlated, measures of disease status in SM.
Discrepant ratios of arterial vs. venous thrombosis in hemophilias A and B as compared to FVII deficiency
Authors: Girolami Antonio , Berti de Marinis Giulia , Bertozzi Irene , Peroni Edoardo , Tasinato Valentina , Lombardi Anna Maria 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of a thrombotic event in congenital bleeding disorders has drawn considerable attention in recent years. Both patients with hemophilia and patients with von Willebrand disease and even those with rare coagulation disorders have been shown to present occasional thrombotic events. Little is known on the comparative prevalence of arterial vs. venous thrombosis in these patients.ObjectivesThe purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the prevalence of arterial vs. venous occlusions in hemophilia A and B vs. FVII deficiency.MethodsA time unlimited search of the literature was carried out using pertinent key words. Arterial or venous occlusions had to be proven by objective methods.ResultsEighty‐five patients with hemophilia A or B have been reported to have had an arterial occlusion vs. six cases of FVII deficiency. On the contrary, 34 patients with hemophilia A or B and 32 cases with FVII deficiency have been reported to have presented with a venous thrombosis. The ratios of arterial vs. venous thrombosis are 3.72, 1.13, and 2.50 for hemophilia A, hemophilia B, and hemophilia A + B combined, respectively, and 0.19 for FVII deficiency.ConclusionsHemophilia A and hemophilia B do not protect from arterial occlusions (mainly acute coronary syndromes), whereas they assure some protection from venous thrombosis. The opposite seems true for FVII deficiency. The potential significance of this discrepancy is discussed.
Effect of periodontal therapy on the subgingival microbiota over a 2‐year monitoring period. I. Overall effect and kinetics of change
Authors: Socransky Sigmund S. , Haffajee Anne D. , Teles Ricardo , Wennstrom Jan L. , Lindhe Jan , Bogren Anna , Hasturk Hatice , van Dyke Thomas , Wang Xiaoshan , Goodson Jo Max 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo examine the 2‐year post‐therapy kinetics of change in the composition of subgingival biofilms.Material and MethodsIn this study, 178 chronic periodontitis subjects were recruited and clinically monitored at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after therapy. All subjects received scaling and root planing and 156 one or more of periodontal surgery, systemically administered amoxicillin + metronidazole or local tetracycline at pockets ≥5 mm. Subgingival biofilm samples taken from each subject at each time point were analysed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. The significance of changes in median species counts over time was sought using the Wilcoxon or Friedman tests and adjusted for multiple comparisons.ResultsMean counts were significantly reduced from baseline to 2 years for 30 of the 40 taxa. Marked reductions were observed for periodontal pathogens including Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Eubacterium nodatum. The kinetics of change differed from species to species. When data were subset according to baseline PD, patterns of change in the microbial profiles were generally similar.ConclusionPeriodontal therapy leads to a rapid reduction in periodontal pathogens, followed by a slower reduction in other taxa that can be sustained for at least 2 years.
Endovascular Treatment of Posttraumatic Carotid‐Cavernous Fistulas and Pseudoaneurysms with Covered Stents
Authors: He Xin‐Hong , Li Wen‐Tao , Peng Wei‐Jun , Lu Jian‐Ping , Liu Qi , Zhao Rui 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVEThe treatment of posttraumatic direct carotid‐cavernous fistulas (TCCFs) with detachable balloons (DBs) is associated with relatively high recanalization rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using covered stents in patients with posttraumatic carotid‐cavernous fistulas (CCFs) and pseudoaneurysms.METHODSTwelve patients with posttraumatic CCFs and 3 with pseudoaneurysms following detachable balloon deployment referred for treatment with covered stents were enrolled into this prospective study. Data on technical success, initial and final angiography results, mortality, morbidity, and the final clinical outcome, were retrospectively collected and analyzed at 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, 12‐months, and then annually.RESULTSThe navigation and deployment of the covered stents to the target CCF were technically successful in 14 of the 15 attempted stents, giving a successful technical rate of 93.3%. Angiography poststent placement showed complete occlusion in 11 patients with 11 CCFs, and incomplete occlusion in 3. Follow‐up angiography revealed complete occlusion and no obvious in‐stent stenosis in any patient. Clinical follow‐up demonstrated full recovery in 13 patients, and an unchanged status in 1.CONCLUSIONThese preliminary results indicate that the use of a covered stent is a feasible procedure for the treatment CCFs and pseudoaneurysms.
Atlas of vertebrate decay: a visual and taphonomic guide to fossil interpretation
Authors: Sansom Robert S. , Gabbott Sarah E. , Purnell Mark A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLike many other important evolutionary transitions, our knowledge of the origin of vertebrates is limited to windows of exceptional preservation of soft‐bodied fossils. Unfortunately, these fossils are rare and have been subjected to complex taphonomic filters including decay, collapse and distortion. To maximize our ability to utilize these crucial fossils to reconstruct the timing and sequence of evolutionary events, we are in the need of a robust taphonomic framework with in which to interpret them. Here, we report the results of a series of experiments designed to examine patterns of transformation and loss during decay of important anatomical characters of chordates and primitive vertebrates (ammocoete, adult lamprey, hagfish, juvenile chondrichthyans and a non‐vertebrate chordate,Branchiostoma). Complex and repeated patterns of transformation during decay are identified and figured for informative character complexes including eyes, feeding apparatus, skull and brain, muscles, branchial apparatus, axial structures, viscera, heart and fins. The resulting data regarding character decay and relative loss serve as a guide to recognition and interpretation of the anatomy of non‐biomineralized fossil vertebrates. The methods and techniques outlined are eminently applicable to other soft‐bodied groups and present a new way to interpret the exceptionally preserved fossil record.
Chemical taphonomy of biomineralized tissues
Authors: Trueman Clive N. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBiomineralized tissues are chemically altered after death, and this diagenetic alteration can obscure original biological chemical features or provide new chemical information about the depositional environment. To use the chemistry of fossil biominerals to reconstruct biological, environmental or taphonomic information, a solid appreciation of biomineralization, mineral diagenesis and biomineral–water interaction is needed. Here, I summarize the key recent developments in the fields of biomineralization and post‐mortem trace element exchange that have significant implications for our understanding of the diagenetic behaviour of biominerals and the ways in which biomineral chemistry can be used in palaeontological and taphonomic research.
Increased pfmdr1 copy number in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Suriname
Authors: Labadie‐Bracho Mergiory , Adhin Malti R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAmplification of the pfmdr1 gene is associated with clinical failures and reduced in vivo and in vitro sensitivity to both mefloquine and artemether–lumefantrine in South‐East Asia. Several African countries have reported the absence or very low prevalence of increased copy number, whilst South American reports are limited to Peru without and Venezuela with increased pfmdr1 multiplication. The relative pfmdr1 copy numbers were assessed in 68 isolates from Suriname collected from different endemic villages (2005) and from mining areas (2009). 11% of the isolates harbour multiple copies of the pfmdr1 gene. Isolates originating from mining areas do not yet display a higher tendency for increased copy number and no significant differences could be registered within a time span of 4 years, but the mere presence of increased copy number warrants caution and should be considered as an early warning sign for emerging drug resistance in Suriname and South America.
The presence of diatom algae in a tracheal wash from a German Wirehaired Pointer with aspiration pneumonia
Authors: Benson Catherine J. , Edlund Mark B. , Gray Sarah , Powell Lisa , Paulin‐Curlee Geisa , Armien Anibal , Overmann Jed A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA 7‐year‐old spayed female German Wirehaired Pointer was presented with difficulty breathing after being found seizing in a water‐filled drainage ditch while out hunting. Aspirates from a tracheal wash contained numerous degenerate neutrophils, fewer macrophages, some of which contained basophilic debris, low numbers of extracellular diatoms, and a single intracellular short bacterial rod. As the dog continued to clinically decline and could not be weaned from oxygen support, the owners chose euthanasia. The major necropsy finding was a severe granulomatous bronchopneumonia that was likely due to aspiration of foreign material based on the microscopic presence of plant‐like material, bi‐refringent crystalline material, non‐cellular debris, and occasional fungal structures. Diatoms are a class of algae that live primarily in water. Diatom analysis has been used, with some controversy, in human forensics to assist in documenting drowning as the cause of death. In this case, given the clinical history, the presence of diatoms and inflammation in the tracheal wash were interpreted as a likely result of the aspiration of surface water. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of diatoms observed in a cytologic specimen in a nonhuman mammal with aspiration pneumonia.