bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erectile dysfunction in men treated for testicular cancer
Authors: Tal Raanan , Stember Doron S. , Logmanieh Nina , Narus Joseph , Mulhall John P. 
Published: June 2013

Objective
To study the unique characteristics of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a population of men who developed ED after testicular cancer (TC) diagnosis and treatment.
Patients and Methods
All men treated for TC who presented for sexual function evaluation were included in an institutional database.
All men underwent standard evaluation including a history/physical examination, completion of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire, testosterone/gonadotropin measurement and penile duplex Doppler ultrasonography (DUS).
Results
The study population comprised 76 men whose mean (sd) age was 29 (8) years and of whom 25% were married/had a partner. In all, 39% of the patients had seminoma and 61% had non‐seminomatous germ‐cell tumour (NSGCT).
A total of 66% of patients with seminoma underwent radiation therapy. Of the patients with NSGCT, 79% received chemotherapy, 18% underwent primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) and 20% underwent post‐chemotherapy RPLND.
The mean (sd) time before seeking sexual medicine consultation was 12 (7) months after treatment completion, the median (range) number of vascular risk factors was 0 (0–2) and the mean (sd) remaining testis volume was 16 (8) mL. Mean (sd) total testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone levels were 312 (186) ng/dL, 9 (7) IU/mL, 17 (12) IU/mL. A total of 26% of patients had total testosterone levels <300 ng/dL.
In all, 84% of patients complained primarily of loss of erection‐sustaining capability and 24% had episodes of transient ED before TC diagnosis. The mean (sd) IIEF erectile function domain score was 16 (7).
All the patients (100%) had a normal DUS. Mean (sd) peak systolic and end‐diastolic velocities were 48 (16) and 1.2 (2.2) cm/s, respectively.
A total of 88% of patients responded to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) use with erections sufficient for penetration, but 12% did not (mean [sd] erectile function domain score 27 [5] vs 17 [6]).
There were no differences in haemodynamics between those men with and without hypogonadism.
Conclusions
Men with TC presenting with ED after treatment appear uniformly to have normal erectile haemodynamics, suggesting adrenaline‐mediated ED.
While the majority of TC survivors with ED respond successfully to PDE5i, a significant minority do not.
Systemic family therapy using the reflecting team: the experiences of adults with learning disabilities
Authors: Anslow (née Atkins Furniss) Katharine 
Published: June 2013

Accessible summarySometimes people with learning disabilities and their families get upset and want to talk about their problems. They might see a therapist who talks to them and their family together. This is sometimes called family therapy. The therapist might use a team of other therapists to give the family other ideas. This is called the reflecting team.We wanted to know what it was like for the person with learning disabilities when this happened.We showed five adults with learning disabilities aDVDof the reflecting team in their family therapy and asked what it was like for them.They told us interesting things about what was helpful and what was not helpful in their therapy.This will help us give a better service to adults with learning disabilities who have family therapy.SummaryThis research aimed to illuminate the experiences of adults with learning disabilities of the reflecting team, in the context of their systemic family therapy. Five adults with learning disabilities were recruited from one community learning disability team. A qualitative design using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was appropriate to gather participants' views using semi‐structured interviews. The interviews usedDVD‐assisted recall of the reflecting team. Various validation strategies were employed, including respondent feedback and a focus group with the therapists. Insights were gained in the areas of ‘therapists’ focus on strengths and difficulties’, ‘differences in metacognition’, ‘finding a voice in therapy’, ‘frustration with the outcome of therapy’ and ‘managing an unusual experience’. The research has indicated some important factors to consider in the successful inclusion of adults with learning disabilities in systemic family therapy.
Adenocarcinoma of the anal canal – a systematic review
Authors: Anwar S. , Welbourn H. , Hill J. , Sebag‐Montefiore D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimThe prognosis of anal adenocarcinoma is poor and the management remains controversial. We carried out a literature review to identify current practice in the management of anal adenocarcinoma.MethodA systematic review of the literature was performed for studies in the English language published between 1950 and 2011. All those that focused on the management of anal adenocarcinoma were considered for inclusion.ResultsSixteen retrospective observational studies were identified; no randomized trials were found. Most of the studies contained small numbers of patients due to the rarity of anal adenocarcinoma. Treatment included local excision), radiotherapy, chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy and abdominoperineal excision. Most studies concluded that a multimodality approach, combining radical surgical resection with neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was the optimal management strategy.ConclusionThe prognosis of anal adenocarcinoma is poor, and there is little information on the optimal management. The relevant studies indicate that a combination of radical surgical resection and pre‐ or postoperative chemoradiotherapy offers the best chance of survival.
Multiorgan procurement increases systemic inflammation in brain dead donors
Authors: Auråen Henrik , Mollnes Tom E. , Bjørtuft Øystein , Bakkan Per A. , Geiran Odd , Kongerud Johny , Fiane Arnt , Holm Are M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOrgans available for solid organ transplantation are mainly procured from brain dead donors. The inflammation associated with brain death may reduce organ quality and increase organ immunogenicity, thus leading to inferior recipient outcome. We hypothesized that the extensive surgical procedure performed during multiorgan procurement enhances the levels of systemic inflammatory biomarkers. We measured the levels of 27 cytokines and the terminal complement complex (TCC) in plasma samples from brain dead organ donors (n = 34) drawn before and at three specific time points during procurement surgery. Baseline levels of G‐CSF, interferon‐γ, IL‐1ra, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐7, IL‐8, IL‐10, IP‐10, MCP‐1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1β, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), regulated upon activation T cell expressed and secreted, and tumor necrosis factor‐α were significantly elevated in brain dead donors compared with normal individuals (n = 14), but they were not associated with time on ventilator or any other registered clinical variable. Notably, the secretion of G‐CSF, IL1‐ra, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IP‐10, MCP‐1, MIP‐1β, PDGF, and TCC, the latter reflecting ongoing complement activation, increased significantly during surgery. None of the biomarker increases were correlated with operation duration. Multiorgan procurement surgery significantly adds to the inflammatory response revealed by both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory biomarkers associated with brain death. Future studies should determine whether this is associated with inferior recipient outcome.
Forgotten family members: the importance of siblings in early psychosis
Authors: Bowman Siann , Alvarez‐Jimenez Mario , Wade Darryl , McGorry Patrick , Howie Linsey 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis paper reviews the evidence on the significance of sibling inclusion in family interventions and support during early psychosis.MethodThis narrative review presents the current research related to the importance of family work during early psychosis, the needs and developmental significance of siblings during adolescence and early adulthood, the protective effects of sibling relationships, and the characteristics of early psychosis relevant to the sibling experience. It will also review the evidence of the sibling experience in chronic physical illness and disability, as well as long‐term psychotic illness.ConclusionsDespite the evidence that working with families is important during early psychosis, siblings have been largely ignored. Siblings are an important reciprocal relationship of long duration. They play an important role in development during adolescence and early adulthood. These relationships may be an underutilized protective factor due to their inherent benefits and social support. Developmental theories imply that early psychosis could negatively impact the sibling relationship and their quality of life, effecting personality development and health outcomes. The evidence shows that adolescent physical illness or disability has a significantly negative impact on the sibling's quality of life and increases the risk for the onset of mental health issues. Long‐term psychotic illness also results in negative experiences for siblings. Current evidence shows that siblings in early psychosis experience psychological distress and changes in functional performance.Further research using standard measures is required to understand the impact early psychosis has on the sibling relationship and their quality of life.
Gustatory modulation of the responses of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neurons to noxious stimulation of the tongue in rats
Authors: Boucher Yves , Felizardo Rufino , Klein Amanda H. , Carstens Mirela I. , Carstens Earl 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCertain tastants inhibit oral irritation by capsaicin, whereas anesthesia of the chorda tympani (CT) enhances oral capsaicin burn. We tested the hypothesis that tastants activate the CT to suppress responses of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) neurons to noxious oral stimuli. In anesthetized rats, we recorded Vc unit responses to noxious electrical, chemical (pentanoic acid, 200 μm) and thermal (55 °C) stimulation of the tongue. Electrically evoked responses were significantly reduced by a tastant mix and individually applied NaCl, monosodium glutamate (MSG), and monopotassium glutamate. Sucrose, citric acid, quinine and water (control) had no effect. Pentanoic acid‐evoked responses were similarly attenuated by NaCl and MSG, but not by other tastants. Responses to noxious heat were not affected by any tastant. Transection and/or anesthesia of the CT bilaterally affected neither Vc neuronal responses to electrical or pentanoic acid stimulation, nor the depressant effect of NaCl and MSG on electrically evoked responses. Calcium imaging showed that neither NaCl nor MSG directly excited any trigeminal ganglion cells or affected their responses to pentanoic acid. GABA also had no effect, arguing against peripheral effects of GABA, NaCl or MSG on lingual nocicepive nerve endings. The data also rule out a central mechanism, as the effects of NaCl and MSG were intact following CT transection. We speculate that the effect is mediated peripherally by the release from taste receptor cells (type III) of some mediator(s) other than GABA to indirectly inhibit trigeminal nociceptors. The results also indicate that the CT does not exert a tonic inhibitory effect on nociceptive Vc neurons.
Simulated Intraspecific Usurpations in Paper Wasps: Different Reproductive Tactics Affect Foreign Brood Destruction in Polistes fuscatus and Polistes dominulus
Authors: Wensink Stacey M. , Hoffman Jordan R. , Gamboa George J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe simulated intraspecific usurpation in two species of paper wasps at a field site in Michigan to compare the species' treatment of foreign brood. Queens of Polistes fuscatus, a species that commonly uses intraspecific usurpation as an alternative reproductive tactic, destroyed significantly fewer large larvae and significantly more small larvae than queens of P. dominulus, a sympatric species that rarely usurps. The pattern of brood destruction exhibited by P. fuscatus was consistent with the previously published findings that P. fuscatus usurpers destroy reproductive‐destined brood (eggs and small larvae), but not worker‐destined brood (large larvae and pupae) that are subsequently used by a usurper to raise her own reproductives. The pattern of brood destruction displayed by P. dominulus differed from that of Polistes species that frequently engage in intraspecific usurpation. The brood destruction pattern in P. dominulus may have been shaped by nest adoption, a common alternative reproductive tactic in this species. If so, it is not clear why P. dominulus would destroy large, worker‐destined larvae.
Filaggrin compound heterozygous patients carry mutations in trans position
Authors: Carlsen Berit C. , Meldgaard Michael , Johansen Jeanne D. , Thyssen Jacob P. , Menné Torkil , Szecsi Pal B. , Stender Steen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMore than 40 null mutations in the filaggrin (FLG) gene are described. It is therefore possible to find two different null mutations in one individual (compound heterozygosity). It has been generally perceived that homozygous and compound heterozygous individuals were genotypically comparable; however, this has not been scientifically investigated. Two different FLG null mutations in the same individual may be in trans position, meaning that each mutation locates to a different allele functionally equivalent to homozygosity, or may be in cis position, meaning that both mutations locate to the same allele functionally equivalent to heterozygosity. To experimentally investigate allelic in cis versus in trans configuration of the two most common filaggrin (FLG) mutations (R501X and 2282del4) in compound heterozygous individuals. Testing for in cis or in trans allele configuration was performed by means of allele‐specific PCR amplification and analysis of PCR products by agarose gel electrophoresis. All R501X/2282del4 compound heterozygous samples collected over a 4‐year period of routine FLG mutation testing were investigated. In total, 37 samples were tested. All thirty‐seven R501X/2282del4 compound heterozygous individuals were found to carry the two mutations in trans position. FLG null mutation compound heterozygous individuals can be considered functionally equivalent to FLG null mutation homozygosity for any of the two mutations.
A pilot study of genetic variants in dopamine regulators with indoor tanning and melanoma
Authors: Flores Kristina G. , Erdei Esther , Luo Li , White Kirsten A. M. , Leng Shuguang , Berwick Marianne , Lazovich DeAnn 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMany people frequently tan indoors despite being aware of the increased risk of melanoma. Ultraviolet radiation is hypothesized to modify biological reward pathways, for example, through the dopamine neurotransmitter system, to reinforce tanning behaviour. In this pilot study, we relied on questionnaire and DNA data from a recently completed case–control study to examine 67 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and related haplotypes in five dopamine receptor and drug metabolism genes in relation to indoor tanning among controls. We also examined the association between individual SNPS and likelihood of melanoma, adjusting for or stratifying on indoor tanning status. In candidate and haplotype gene analyses, variants only in the DRD2 dopamine receptor and ANKK1 signalling genes were positively associated with indoor tanning use among controls; only associations for ANKK1 remained statistically significant (P < 0.05) after adjustment. Several SNPs in ANKK1 and DRD2 associated with indoor tanning among controls were also found to be associated with increased risk of melanoma. Upon stratifying for indoor tanning status, one ANKK1 SNP was positively associated with melanoma among non‐tanners, while three DRD2 SNPS were positively associated with melanoma among tanners or non‐tanners, depending on the SNP. These alleles represent important genomic regions to further explore addictive tanning behaviour.
Characterization of Ruminococcus albus cellodextrin phosphorylase and identification of a key phenylalanine residue for acceptor specificity and affinity to the phosphate group
Authors: Sawano Tatsuya , Saburi Wataru , Hamura Ken , Matsui Hirokazu , Mori Haruhide 
Published: June 2013

Ruminococcus albus has the ability to intracellularly degrade cello‐oligosaccharides primarily via phosphorolysis. In this study, the enzymatic characteristics of R. albus cellodextrin phosphorylase (RaCDP), which is a member of glycoside hydrolase family 94, was investigated. RaCDP catalyzes the phosphorolysis of cellotriose through an ordered ‘bi bi’ mechanism in which cellotriose binds to RaCDP before inorganic phosphate, and then cellobiose and glucose 1‐phosphate (Glc1P) are released in that order. Among the cello‐oligosaccharides tested, RaCDP had the highest phosphorolytic and synthetic activities towards cellohexaose and cellopentaose, respectively. RaCDP successively transferred glucosyl residues from Glc1P to the growing cello‐oligosaccharide chain, and insoluble cello‐oligosaccharides comprising a mean of eight residues were produced. Sophorose, laminaribiose, β‐1,4‐xylobiose, β‐1,4‐mannobiose and cellobiitol served as acceptors for RaCDP. RaCDP had very low affinity for phosphate groups in both the phosphorolysis and synthesis directions. A sequence comparison revealed that RaCDP has Gln at position 646 where His is normally conserved in the phosphate binding sites of related enzymes. A Q646H mutant showed approximately twofold lower apparent Km values for inorganic phosphate and Glc1P than the wild‐type. RaCDP has Phe at position 633 corresponding to Tyr and Val in the +1 subsites of cellobiose phosphorylase and N,N′‐diacetylchitobiose phosphorylase, respectively. A F633Y mutant showed higher preference for cellobiose over β‐1,4‐mannobiose as an acceptor substrate in the synthetic reaction than the wild‐type. Furthermore, the F633Y mutant showed 75‐ and 1100‐fold lower apparent Km values for inorganic phosphate and Glc1P, respectively, in phosphorolysis and synthesis of cellotriose.
Should Welfare Administration be Centralized or Decentralized? Evidence from a Policy Experiment
Authors: Boockmann Bernhard , Walter Thomas , Huber Martin , Thomsen Stephan L. , Göbel Christian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe 2005 reform of the German welfare system introduced two competing organizational models for welfare administration. In most districts, a centralized organization was established where local welfare agencies are bound to central directives. At the same time, 69 districts were allowed to opt for a decentralized organization. We evaluate the relative success of both types in terms of integrating welfare recipients into employment. Compared to centralized organization, decentralized organization has a negative effect on employment chances of males. For women, no significant effect is found. These findings are robust to the inclusion of aspects of internal organization common to both types of agencies.
Emplacement of hot Lesser Himalayan nappes from 15 to 10 Ma in the Jumla–Surkhet region, western Nepal, and their thermal imprint on the underlying Early Miocene fluvial Dumri Formation
Authors: Sakai Harutaka , Iwano Hideki , Danhara Tohru , Hirata Takafumi , Takigami Yutaka 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA multichronological study of the weakly metamorphosed Early Miocene fluvial Dumri Formation and the overlying Kuncha and Lesser Himalayan Crystalline nappes has helped to clarify the timing and heat source of the metamorphism, as well as the history of emplacement and cooling of the nappes. U–Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Dumri Formation show peaks at ca 1 Ga and 500–600 Ma, and fission‐track dating indicates a thermal imprint on the formation at 11–10 Ma. In the Naudanda Quartzite, overlying the Kuncha Formation, reset fission‐track detrital zircon ages are 9.5 Ma, but the U–Pb ages are older than 1.7 Ga. The differences in the U–Pb ages for detrital zircons from the Dumri and Kuncha Formations indicate that the Kuncha nappe was never exposed at the surface during the Early Miocene when the Dumri Formation was deposited. Two‐mica garnet schists of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) zone have fission‐track detrital zircon ages of 7.8 Ma and 40Ar–39Ar muscovite ages of 19 Ma, though the zircons have U–Pb ages older than 600 Ma. Our interpretation is that the heat for the Dumri Formation metamorphism came from the overlying nappes. The timing of the thermal imprint on the Dumri Formation indicates that the metamorphic nappe reached its present position before ca 10 Ma. The Parajul Khola granite in the frontal zone of the Kuncha nappe yields U–Pb zircon ages of 1.89 Ga, and it underwent an Early Miocene thermal event, cooling below 240°C at 14.7 Ma and below 100°C at 10.3 Ma. These thermochronological data suggest that the frontal part of the Kuncha nappe was exposed at the surface around 15–14 Ma and cooled immediately, but inner parts of the nappe were still hot during its emplacement.
Hypodermal delivery of cosmetic actives for improved facial skin morphology and functionality
Authors: Bojanowski K. 
Published: June 2013

SynopsisObjectiveSkin compartments traditionally targeted by cosmetic actives – epidermis and dermis – are anchored and nourished by the underlying hypodermis, which therefore should be a key target for skin‐rejuvenating formulations. However, given the difficulty to reach even the superficial layers of the skin, and to its ‘unglamorous’ fatty composition, the regenerative potential of hypodermis remains largely untapped. Therefore, this study was to investigate the capacity of a cosmetic material to trigger a regenerative response in dermis and epidermis through a selective action on hypodermis. Furthermore, it aimed to establish the effect of such cosmetic material in transbuccal hypodermal delivery form, on the hypodermal precursor cells – the preadipocytes.MethodsA combination of grape seed extract and soy phospholipids was formulated and standardized for elastase activity and free radical inhibition. This formulation was then used to contact the hypodermal layer of human skin biopsies and – under a transbuccal delivery vehicle form – the 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes, and its effects were quantified using PCR arrays and histochemistry.ResultsApplication of the standardized grape/soy material to the hypodermal layer of skin triggered modulation of gene expression in the upper layers of the skin and resulted in the clear morphological improvement at the dermal and epidermal levels. Furthermore, when this material was formulated in a mucoadhesive, intraoral film and applied on 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes, the resulting modulation of gene expression in these cells was consistent with differentiation and detoxification effects.ConclusionsThese results suggest that transbuccal formulations of nutraceutical grade cosmetics have potential to induce signal transduction pathways in facial hypodermis, resulting in anti‐aging effects throughout all skin compartments, including dermal and epidermal layers.