bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone turnover biomarkers reflect radiation-induced bone injuries in women with non-metastatic rectal cancer
Authors: Magnusson Per , Sääf Maria , Martling Anna , Svanström Röjvall Annika , Atanasova Diana , Wilamowski Franciszek , Flöter Rådestad Angelique , Buchli Christian , Segelman Josefin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Preoperative radiotherapy (RT) for non-metastatic rectal cancer reduces local recurrence rates but can cause pelvic insufficiency fractures. Despite the high morbidity from RT-induced skeletal injuries, predictive and preventive measures are lacking. How these injuries are reflected by bone biomarkers are largely unknown. The aim was to assess longitudinal changes in bone biomarkers and their relation to RT-related bone injuries in women with rectal cancer. This longitudinal cohort study includes 47 women with non-metastatic rectal cancer treated with surgery ± preoperative RT with or without chemotherapy. Sclerostin, bioactive sclerostin, C-terminal telopeptide cross-links of collagen type I (CTX), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and type I procollagen intact N-terminal propeptide (PINP) were measured at baseline, after RT, and 1 yr postoperatively. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging was used for detection of skeletal injury. Sixteen of 36 (44%) irradiated women had radiation-induced bone injuries and were compared to 11 women (RT–) and 20 women (RT+) without bone injuries. Serum CTX, BALP, and PINP increased during the first year after RT in women with radiation-induced bone injuries. The difference in mean change of CTX (p=.037) and BALP (p=.042) was conferred by longitudinal regression analyses adjusted for serum estradiol. Serum sclerostin and bioactive sclerostin remained stable over time. Taken together, bone markers may be of interest for future research on fracture prediction or preventive measures in women susceptible to radiation-induced bone injury. Due to few measure points, the full pattern cannot be captured regarding the relation over time between bone biomarkers and skeletal injury from irradiation.
Standardization of body composition parameters between GE Lunar iDXA and Hologic Horizon A and their clinical impact
Authors: Vendrami Colin , Gatineau Guillaume , Gonzalez Rodriguez Elena , Lamy Olivier , Hans Didier , Shevroja Enisa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Body composition (BC) measured by DXA differs between devices. We aimed to compare regional and total BC measurements assessed by the Hologic Horizon A and the GE Lunar iDXA devices; to determine device-specific calibration equations for each BC parameter; and to assess the impact of this standardization procedure on the assessment of sarcopenia, lipedema, obesity, and cardiovascular risk with DXA. A total of 926 postmenopausal women (aged 72.9 ± 6.9 yr, height 160.3 ± 6.6 cm, weight 66.1 ± 12.7 kg) underwent BC assessment on each device within 1 h, following the ISCD guidelines. The included sample was split into 80% train and 20% test datasets stratified by age, height, and weight. Inter-device differences in BC parameters were assessed with Bland–Altman analysis, Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients, and t-tests or Wilcoxon tests. The equations were developed in the train dataset using backward stepwise multiple linear regressions and were evaluated in the test dataset with the R-squared and mean absolute error. We compared the abovementioned BC-derived health conditions before and after standardization in the test set with respect to relative risk, accuracy, Kappa score, and McNemar tests. Total and regional body masses were similar (p&gt;.05) between devices. BMC was greater for all regions in the Lunar device (p&lt;.05), while fat and lean masses differed among regions. Regression equations showed high performance metrics in both datasets. The BC assessment from Hologic classified 2.13 times more sarcopenic cases (McNemar: p&lt;.001), 1.39 times more lipedema (p&lt;.001), 0.40 times less high cardiovascular risk (p&lt;.001), and similarly classified obesity (p&gt;.05), compared to Lunar. After standardization, the differences disappeared (p&gt;.05), and the classification metrics improved. This study discusses how hardware and software differences impact BC assessments. The provided standardization equations address these issues and improve the agreement between devices. Future studies and disease definitions should consider these differences.
The usefulness of head computed tomography in patients with known cirrhosis presenting to emergency department with suspected hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Yang David Yi , Bowron Joel , Ahmed Mohammed , Abraldes Juan G , Veldhuyzen van Zanten Sander 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Computed tomography of the head (CT head) is frequently used for patients with cirrhosis presenting with suspected hepatic encephalopathy (HE).

Aims
The primary aims of this study were to assess the frequency of CT head usage in this patient population and to determine whether these scans yielded significant findings. Our secondary aims were to identify factors associated with the decision to order CTs and whether patients who received CTs had different outcomes.

Methods
A single-centre, retrospective chart review was performed. Patients presenting to the University of Alberta Hospital with cirrhosis and common liver disease aetiologies over a 27-month period were identified via discharge diagnosis codes. Charts of patients with suspected HE were manually identified. The use of a CT head was documented, as were patient demographics, cirrhosis aetiology, MELD, and outcomes. Comparisons were made between patients with and without CT head.

Results
A total of 119 encounters from 100 patients met our inclusion criteria. In 57% of encounters, a CT scan was performed on presentation. None of these CT scans had significant findings. Patient factors associated with the decision to order CT included older age, more preserved liver function, and longer length of time between patient’s current and previous presentations. Patients who did not receive CT head had higher in-hospital mortality, which was likely reflective of more severe underlying liver dysfunction in this group.

Conclusions
The frequency of CT head usage in the studied patient population was high while the yield was low. This calls into question the usefulness of CT head in this population.
Graphical criteria for the identification of marginal causal effects in continuous-time survival and event-history analyses
Authors: Røysland Kjetil , Ryalen Pål C , Nygård Mari , Didelez Vanessa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We consider continuous-time survival and event-history settings, where our aim is to graphically represent causal structures allowing us to characterize when a causal parameter is identified from observational data. This causal parameter is formalized as the effect on an outcome event of a (possibly hypothetical) intervention on the intensity of a treatment process. To establish identifiability, we propose novel graphical rules indicating whether the observed information is sufficient to obtain the desired causal effect by suitable reweighting. This requires a different type of graph than in discrete time. We formally define causal semantics for the corresponding dynamic graphs that represent local independence models for multivariate counting processes. Importantly, our work highlights that causal inference from censored data relies on subtle structural assumptions on the censoring process beyond independent censoring; these can be verified graphically. Put together, our results are the first to establish graphical rules for nonparametric causal identifiability in event processes in this generality for the continuous-time case, not relying on particular parametric survival models. We conclude with a data example on Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for cervical cancer screening, where the assumptions are illustrated graphically and the desired effect is estimated by reweighted cumulative incidence curves.
Trends in multi-jurisdictional enforcement of anti-corruption in the global petroleum industry
Authors: Randall Scott W , Marques Francisco Paes 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The global petroleum industry has been much maligned over the past 10–15 years for its involvement in foreign corrupt activities due to well-publicized instances of US-led prosecution for bribery of foreign public officials. Among the high-profile cases include the infamous Technip, Snamprogetti, Kellogg Brown & Root, JGC (TSKJ) conspiracy bribing Nigerian officials of the Bonny Island LNG terminal to the far-reaching Odebrecht/Petrobras Brazilian Lava Jato and more recent global Unaoil bribery scandals. What these cases and others have in common is the incidence of ‘multi-jurisdictional’ prosecution for foreign bribery rather than simply prosecution by US authorities as occurred prior to 2005. Through detailed quantitative analysis, we show how this multi-jurisdictional enforcement is a petroleum industry trend. The financial and reputational risk in terms of both likelihood and impact of a foreign bribery event has increased dramatically over the past 10 years. Despite this increased risk, we found little evidence of a risk-based compliance approach among industry participants. We show that the current practice of limiting liability is not an efficient risk-based approach towards corruption compliance and is not likely to meet new anti-corruption compliance guidelines by international regulators. Our research examines a possible cause-and-effect model behind this heightened corruption risk. We profile and describe the nature of the top 10 petroleum industry multi-jurisdictional bribery cases. We then provide a display of a corruption event’s drivers, consequences, and barriers in the form of a risk-based ‘bow-tie’ diagram. Finally, we recommend ways the industry can move towards a more risk-based corruption compliance approach.
Susceptibility of pESI positive Salmonella to treatment with biocide chemicals approved for use in poultry meat processing as compared to Salmonella without the pESI plasmid
Authors: McMillan Elizabeth A , Adams Eric S , Mitchell Trevor R , Hawkins Jaci A , Read Quentin D , Pokoo-Aikins Anthony , Berrang Mark E , Harris Caitlin E , Hughes Michael D , Glenn Anthony E , Meinersmann Richard J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Salmonella is a common cause of human foodborne illness, which is frequently associated with consumption of contaminated or undercooked poultry meat. Serotype Infantis is among the most common serotypes isolated from poultry meat products globally. Isolates of serotype Infantis carrying the pESI plasmid, the most dominant strain of Infantis, have been shown to exhibit oxidizer tolerance. Therefore, 16 strains of Salmonella with and without pESI carriage were investigated for susceptibility to biocide chemical processing aids approved for use in US poultry meat processing: peracetic acid (PAA), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), calcium hypochlorite, and sodium hypochlorite. Strains were exposed for 15 s to simulate spray application and 90 min to simulate application in an immersion chiller. All strains tested were susceptible to all concentrations of PAA, CPC, and sodium hypochlorite when applied for 90 min. When CPC, calcium hypochlorite, and sodium hypochlorite were applied for 15 s to simulate spray time, strains responded similarly to each other. However, strains responded variably to exposure to PAA. The variation was not statistically significant and appears unrelated to pESI carriage. Results highlight the necessity of testing biocide susceptibility in the presence of organic material and in relevant in situ applications.
TOI-2447 b / NGTS-29 b: a 69-day Saturn around a Solar analogue
Authors: Gill Samuel , Bayliss Daniel , Ulmer-Moll Solène , Wheatley Peter J , Brahm Rafael , Anderson David R , Armstrong David , Apergis Ioannis , Alves Douglas R , Burleigh Matthew R , Butler R P , Bouchy François , Battley Matthew P , Bryant Edward M , Bieryla Allyson , Crane Jeffrey D , Collins Karen A , Casewell Sarah L , Carleo Ilaria , Claringbold Alastair B , Dalba Paul A , Dragomir Diana , Eigmüller Philipp , Eberhardt Jan , Fausnaugh Michael , Günther Maximilian N , Grieves Nolan , Goad Michael R , Gillen Edward , Hagelberg Janis , Hobson Melissa , Hedges Christina , Henderson Beth A , Hawthorn Faith , Henning Thomas , Jones Matías I , Jordán Andrés , Jenkins James S , Kunimoto Michelle , Krenn Andreas F , Kendall Alicia , Lendl Monika , McCormac James , Moyano Maximiliano , Torres-Miranda Pascal , Nielsen Louise D , Osborn Ares , Otegi Jon , Osborn Hugh , Quinn Samuel N , Rodriguez Joseph E , Ramsay Gavin , Schlecker Martin , Shectman Stephen A , Seager Sara , Tilbrook Rosanna H , Trifonov Trifon , Teske Johanna K , Udry Stephane , Vines Jose I , West Richard R , Wohler Bill , Winn Joshua N , Wang Sharon X , Zhou George , Zivave Tafadzwa 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Discovering transiting exoplanets with relatively long orbital periods (&gt;10 d) is crucial to facilitate the study of cool exoplanet atmospheres (Teq &lt; 700 K) and to understand exoplanet formation and inward migration further out than typical transiting exoplanets. In order to discover these longer period transiting exoplanets, long-term photometric, and radial velocity campaigns are required. We report the discovery of TOI-2447 b (=NGTS-29 b), a Saturn-mass transiting exoplanet orbiting a bright (T = 10.0) Solar-type star (Teff = 5730 K). TOI-2447 b was identified as a transiting exoplanet candidate from a single transit event of 1.3 per cent depth and 7.29 h duration in TESS Sector 31 and a prior transit event from 2017 in NGTS data. Four further transit events were observed with NGTS photometry which revealed an orbital period of P = 69.34 d. The transit events establish a radius for TOI-2447 b of $0.865 \pm 0.010\, \rm R_{\rm J}$, while radial velocity measurements give a mass of $0.386 \pm 0.025\, \rm M_{\rm J}$. The equilibrium temperature of the planet is 414 K, making it much cooler than the majority of TESS planet discoveries. We also detect a transit signal in NGTS data not caused by TOI-2447 b, along with transit timing variations and evidence for a ∼150 d signal in radial velocity measurements. It is likely that the system hosts additional planets, but further photometry and radial velocity campaigns will be needed to determine their parameters with confidence. TOI-2447 b/NGTS-29 b joins a small but growing population of cool giants that will provide crucial insights into giant planet composition and formation mechanisms.
Offset of M54 from the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Authors: An Zhaozhou , Walker Matthew G , Pace Andrew B 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We present results from simultaneous modelling of 2D (projected along the line of sight) position, proper motion, and line-of-sight velocity for Gaia- and Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)-observed stars near the centre of the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf spheroidal galaxy. We use a mixture model that allows for independent sub-populations contributed by the Sgr galaxy, its nuclear star cluster Messier 54 (M54), and the Milky Way foreground. We find an offset of $0.295\pm 0.029$ deg between the inferred centroids of Sgr and M54, corresponding to a (projected) physical separation of $0.135\pm 0.013$ kpc. The detected offset might plausibly be driven by unmodelled asymmetry in Sgr’s stellar configuration; however, standard criteria for model selection favour our symmetric model over an alternative that allows for bilateral asymmetry. We infer an offset between the proper motion centres of Sgr and M54 of $[\Delta \mu _{\alpha }\cos \delta ,\Delta \mu _{\delta }]=[4.9, -19.7] \pm [6.8, 6.2] \ \mu \mathrm{ as}\,\mathrm{ yr}^{-1}$ ($[0.61, -2.46] \pm [0.85, 0.77] \ \mathrm{ km}\,\mathrm{ s}^{-1}$), with magnitude similar to the covariance expected due to spatially correlated systematic error. We infer an offset of $4.1\pm 1.2 \ \mathrm{ km}\,\mathrm{ s}^{-1}$ in line-of-sight velocity. Using inferred values for the systemic positions and motions of Sgr and M54 as initial conditions, we calculate the recent orbital history of a simplified Sgr/M54 system, which we demonstrate to be sensitive to any line-of-sight distance offset between M54 and Sgr, and to the distribution of dark matter within Sgr.
Estimation of line-of-sight velocities of individual galaxies using neural networks – I. Modelling redshift–space distortions at large scales
Authors: Chen Hongxiang , Wang Jie , Mao Tianxiang , Ma Juntao , Meng Yuxi , Li Baojiu , Cai Yan-Chuan , Neyrinck Mark , Falck Bridget , Szalay Alexander S 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a scheme based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to estimate the line-of-sight velocities of individual galaxies from an observed redshift–space galaxy distribution. We find an estimate of the peculiar velocity at a galaxy based on galaxy counts and barycentres in shells around it. By training the network with environmental characteristics, such as the total mass and mass centre within each shell surrounding every galaxy in redshift space, our ANN model can accurately predict the line-of-sight velocity of each individual galaxy. When this velocity is used to eliminate the RSD effect, the two-point correlation function (TPCF) in real space can be recovered with an accuracy better than 1 per cent at s &gt; 8 $\, h^{-1}\, \mathrm{Mpc}$, and 4 per cent on all scales compared to ground truth. The real-space power spectrum can be recovered within 3 per cent on k&lt; 0.5 $\, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}\, h$, and less than 5 per cent for all k modes. The quadrupole moment of the TPCF or power spectrum is almost zero down to s = 10 $\, h^{-1}\, \mathrm{Mpc}$ or all k modes, indicating an effective correction of the spatial anisotropy caused by the RSD effect. We demonstrate that on large scales, without additional training with new data, our network is adaptable to different galaxy formation models, different cosmological models, and mock galaxy samples at high-redshifts and high biases, achieving less than 10 per cent error for scales greater than 15 $\, h^{-1}\, \mathrm{Mpc}$. As it is sensitive to large-scale densities, it does not manage to remove Fingers of God in large clusters, but works remarkably well at recovering real-space galaxy positions elsewhere. Our scheme provides a novel way to predict the peculiar velocity of individual galaxies, to eliminate the RSD effect directly in future large galaxy surveys, and to reconstruct the three-dimensional cosmic velocity field accurately.
Distinguishing radiation mechanisms and particle populations in blazar jets through long-term multiband monitoring with RINGO3 and Fermi
Authors: McCall Callum , Jermak Helen , Steele Iain A , Agudo Iván , Barres de Almeida Ulisses , Hovatta Talvikki , Lamb Gavin P , Lindfors Elina , Mundell Carole 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the results of seven years of multicolour photometric monitoring of a sample of 31 $\gamma$-ray bright blazars using the RINGO3 polarimeter on the Liverpool Telescope from 2013–2020. We explore the relationships between simultaneous observations of flux in three optical wavebands along with Fermi$\gamma$-ray data in order to explore the radiation mechanisms and particle populations in blazar jets. We find significant correlations between optical and $\gamma$-ray flux with no detectable time lag, suggesting leptonic emission processes in the jets of these sources. Furthermore, we find the spectral behaviour against optical and $\gamma$-ray flux for many sources is best fit logarithmically. This is suggestive of a transition between bluer-/redder-when-brighter into stable-when-brighter behaviour during high activity states; a behaviour that might be missed in poorly sampled data, resulting in apparent linear relationships.
The 18 May 2024 Iberian superbolide from a sunskirting orbit: USG space sensors and ground-based independent observations
Authors: Peña-Asensio E , Grèbol-Tomàs P , Trigo-Rodríguez J M , Ramírez-Moreta P , Kresken R 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
On 18 May 2024, a superbolide traversed the western part of the Iberian Peninsula, culminating its flight over the Atlantic Ocean and generating significant media attention. This event was caused by a weak carbonaceous meteoroid of 1 m, entering the atmosphere at 40.4 km s$^{-1}$ with an average slope of 8.5$^\circ$. The luminous phase started at 133 km and ended at an altitude of 54 km. The meteoroid’s heliocentric orbit had an inclination of 16.4$^\circ$, a high eccentricity of 0.952, a semimajor axis of 2.4 au, and a short perihelion distance of 0.12 au. The superbolide was recorded by multiple ground-based stations of the Spanish Fireball and Meteorite Network and the European Space Agency, as well as by the U.S. Government sensors from space. Due to the absence of observable deceleration, we successfully reconciled satellite radiometric data with a purely dynamic atmospheric flight model, constraining the meteoroid’s mass and coherently fitting its velocity profile. Our analysis shows a good agreement with the radiant and velocity data reported by the Center for Near-Earth Object Studies, with a deviation of 0.56$^\circ$ and 0.1 km s$^{-1}$, respectively. The presence of detached fragments in the lower part of the luminous trajectory suggests that the meteoroid was a polymict carbonaceous chondrite, containing higher-strength macroscopic particles in its interior due to collisional gardening, or a thermally processed C-type asteroid. The orbital elements indicate that the most likely source is the Jupiter-Family Comet region, aligning with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory comet family, as its sunskirting orbit is decoupled from Jupiter. This event provides important information to characterize the disruption mechanism of near-Sun objects.
Morphometrics and Phylogenomics of Coca (Erythroxylum spp.) Illuminate Its Reticulate Evolution, With Implications for Taxonomy
Authors: Przelomska Natalia A S , Diaz Rudy A , Ávila Fabio Andrés , Ballen Gustavo A , Cortés-B Rocío , Kistler Logan , Chitwood Daniel H , Charitonidou Martha , Renner Susanne S , Pérez-Escobar Oscar A , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
South American coca (Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense) has been a keystone crop for many Andean and Amazonian communities for at least 8,000 years. However, over the last half-century, global demand for its alkaloid cocaine has driven intensive agriculture of this plant and placed it in the center of armed conflict and deforestation. To monitor the changing landscape of coca plantations, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime collects annual data on their areas of cultivation. However, attempts to delineate areas in which different varieties are grown have failed due to limitations around identification. In the absence of flowers, identification relies on leaf morphology, yet the extent to which this is reflected in taxonomy is uncertain. Here, we analyze the consistency of the current naming system of coca and its four closest wild relatives (the “coca clade”), using morphometrics, phylogenomics, molecular clocks, and population genomics. We include name-bearing type specimens of coca's closest wild relatives E. gracilipes and E. cataractarum. Morphometrics of 342 digitized herbarium specimens show that leaf shape and size fail to reliably discriminate between species and varieties. However, the statistical analyses illuminate that rounder and more obovate leaves of certain varieties could be associated with the subtle domestication syndrome of coca. Our phylogenomic data indicate extensive gene flow involving E. gracilipes which, combined with morphometrics, supports E. gracilipes being retained as a single species. Establishing a robust evolutionary-taxonomic framework for the coca clade will facilitate the development of cost-effective genotyping methods to support reliable identification.