bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEO Overconfidence and Stock Price Crash Risk
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Bon , Wang Zheng , Zhang Liandong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study examines the association between chief executive officer (CEO) overconfidence and future stock price crash risk. Overconfident managers overestimate the returns to their investment projects and misperceive negative net present value (NPV) projects as value creating. They also tend to ignore or explain away privately observed negative feedback. As a result, negative NPV projects are kept for too long and their bad performance accumulates, which can lead to stock price crashes. Using a large sample of firms for the period 1993–2010, we find that firms with overconfident CEOs have higher stock price crash risk than firms with nonoverconfident CEOs. The impact of managerial overconfidence on crash risk is more pronounced when the CEO is more dominant in the top management team and when there are greater differences of opinion among investors. Finally, it appears that the effect of CEO overconfidence on crash risk is less pronounced for firms with more conservative accounting policies.
Two new types of allergens from the cockroach, Periplaneta americana
Authors: Fang Y. , Long C. , Bai X. , Liu W. , Rong M. , Lai R. , An S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPeriplaneta americana cockroach is an important source of inhalant indoor allergen resource, and there are more than twenty IgE‐binding components identified in P. americana, but only nine allergens were characterized. Our knowledge about cockroach allergens remains poor. In this work, two novel allergen proteins Per a 11 (alpha‐amylase) and Per a 12 (chitinase) with molecular weight around 55 and 45 kDa, respectively, were purified and characterized from the midgut of cockroaches. Their primary sequences were determined by Edman degradation, mass spectrometry, and cDNA cloning. Sera from 39 and 30 of 47 (83.0% and 63.8%) patients reacted to Per a 11 and Per a 12 on immunoblots, respectively. The allergenicity of Per a 11 and Per a 12 was further confirmed by competitive ELISA, basophil activation test (BAT), and skin prick test (SPT). They appear to be of importance for the allergic reactions induced by cockroach and have a potential for component‐based diagnosis of allergy.
Management of apposing, full‐thickness tracheal perforations in two horses
Authors: Gillen A. , Munsterman A. , Pinto N. , Caldwell F. , Wooldridge A. , Cuming R. , Hanson R. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryTwo horses, one 15‐year‐old Arabian gelding and one 10‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding, presented with a history of marked subcutaneous emphysema. The first case exhibited no external wound, although there was a depression noted on the ventral neck. The second case had a laceration on the ventral aspect of the neck over the trachea. Endoscopic examination revealed both horses to have concurrent dorsal and ventral perforations of the trachea. The horses were managed by placing a short, cuffed, J‐shaped tracheostomy tube in the ventral perforation, while the dorsal perforation healed. The dorsal perforation in the first horse was allowed to heal by second intention, whereas sutures were placed in the dorsal perforation in the second case to reduce the healing time. Both horses were maintained on oral antimicrobial and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory medications throughout treatment. The dorsal perforation healed after 13 days in the first horse, and 22 days in the second horse. The ventral perforation healed in both horses by second intention following tracheostomy removal, giving a cosmetically acceptable result. In addition to facilitating tracheal healing, the tracheostomy tubes prevented the progression of subcutaneous emphysema, and promoted its resolution.
Temporary right recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in a horse associated with a left prosthetic laryngoplasty procedure
Authors: Canada N. C. , McNally T. P. , Slone D. E. , Clark C. K. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryRight recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) is an uncommon, acquired disease for which the aetiology can frequently be diagnosed. Numerous aetiologies have been proposed for right‐sidedRLNwhich comprises 2% of all cases ofRLN. In this report we discuss the clinical course, treatment and outcome following right‐sided laryngeal paralysis as a complication of left‐sided prosthetic laryngoplasty in a horse. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of such a surgical complication.
Contrast radiography in the equine orthopaedic case
Authors: Barker W. H. J. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryRoutine contrast radiography has a valuable role in equine orthopaedics, providing additional information to standard radiography. However, ultrasonography provides additional information with respect to soft tissue pathology not appreciable when using contrast radiography alone, particularly in the investigation of synovial sepsis, ligament and tendon pathology, and osteochondral defects. The benefits of contrast media in more advanced imaging modalities such as computed tomography are just being recognised clinically.
Granulosa cell tumours in the mare: A review of 52 cases
Authors: Sherlock C. E. , Lott‐Ellis K. , Bergren A. , Withers J. M. , Fews D. , Mair T. S. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryGranulosa cell tumour (GCT) is reported to be the most common ovarian neoplasm in the mare. A multicentre retrospective study evaluating the medical records of horses undergoing ovariectomy for treatment of aGCTwas undertaken, documenting the presenting clinicopathological features, treatment and outcome. Follow‐up information was obtained by telephone questionnaire. Fifty‐two mares were included. Most presented with behavioural/reproductive abnormalities, including stallion‐like behaviour (50%), aggression (31%), prolonged oestrus or nymphomania (19%), and persistent anoestrus (8%). Most (93%) affected ovaries had a multilocular appearance when examined ultrasonographically. Only 60% of horses with histopathologically confirmedGCTs demonstrated elevations in serum inhibin concentrations. Twenty‐five percent of horses had histopathologically confirmed bilateralGCTs. Ninety‐four percent of horses that underwent ovariectomy were discharged from the hospital. Standing laparoscopic ovariectomies had a lower complication rate (34%) than other surgical methods. Long‐term complications were uncommon (11%). In conclusion, histopathologically confirmedGCTs can occur in the presence of normal serum inhibin concentrations. The high prevalence of bilateralGCTs indicates that thorough evaluation of the contralateral ovary is necessary. Surgical ovariectomy for treatment ofGCTs has favourable short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Standing laparoscopic ovariectomy may be associated with a lower complication rate than other surgical methods.
Saphenous vein graft aneurysm fistula formation causing right heart failure: an unusual presentation
Authors: Boon K. J. , Arshad M. A. , Singh H. , Lainchbury J. G. , Blake J. W. H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSaphenous vein graft aneurysm (SVG) formation after coronary artery bypass grafting is a rare complication of the surgery. We present a case of a 68‐year‐old man with an unusual presentation of such an aneurysm. Thirty‐four years after his initial bypass surgery, the patient presented with a fistula formation into his right atrium from a vein graft aneurysm. Late aneurysm formation is thought to occur secondary to atherosclerotic degeneration of the SVG with background hypertension and dyslipidaemia accelerating the process. Diagnostic modalities used to investigate SVG aneurysms include computed tomography, transthoracic echocardiogram, magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac catheterisation. Aneurysms with fistula formation historically require aggressive surgical intervention. Resection of the aneurysm with subsequent revascularisation if required is the surgical norm. SVG aneurysm with fistula formation into a cardiac chamber is a rare complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), which can occur with atypical presenting symptoms. Physicians should keep in mind the possibility of this occurring in post‐CABG patients presenting with heart failure and a new murmur.
Growth and Distribution in Heterodox Models with Managers and Financiers
Authors: Krishna Dutt Amitava 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHeterodox models of income distribution and growth generally have two classes: workers and capitalists. However, recent discussions of inequality have drawn attention to changes in income distribution due to wage inequality and to an increase in the income and wealth of the top income group. To take these changes into account, this paper uses a simple two‐group framework to develop simple classical‐Marxian and post‐Keynesian‐Kaleckian models, in which one group consists of production workers who also own capital and another group consists of managers and financiers, as well as traditional capitalists, to analyze the determinants and growth implications of distributional changes.
The bifurcation of the cyanogenic glucoside and glucosinolate biosynthetic pathways
Authors: Clausen Mette , Kannangara Rubini M. , Olsen Carl E. , Blomstedt Cecilia K. , Gleadow Roslyn M. , Jørgensen Kirsten , Bak Søren , Motawie Mohammed S. , Møller Birger Lindberg 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe biosynthetic pathway for the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin in sorghum has previously been shown to involve the sequential production of (E)‐ and (Z)‐p‐hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime. In this study we used microsomes prepared from wild‐type and mutant sorghum or transiently transformed Nicotiana benthamiana to demonstrate that CYP79A1 catalyzes conversion of tyrosine to (E)‐p‐hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime whereas CYP71E1 catalyzes conversion of (E)‐p‐hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime into the corresponding geometrical Z‐isomer as required for its dehydration into a nitrile, the next intermediate in cyanogenic glucoside synthesis. Glucosinolate biosynthesis is also initiated by the action of a CYP79 family enzyme, but the next enzyme involved belongs to the CYP83 family. We demonstrate that CYP83B1 from Arabidopsis thaliana cannot convert the (E)‐p‐hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime to the (Z)‐isomer, which blocks the route towards cyanogenic glucoside synthesis. Instead CYP83B1 catalyzes the conversion of the (E)‐p‐hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime into an S‐alkyl‐thiohydroximate with retention of the configuration of the E‐oxime intermediate in the final glucosinolate core structure. Numerous microbial plant pathogens are able to detoxify Z‐oximes but not E‐oximes. The CYP79‐derived E‐oximes may play an important role in plant defense.
ZmZHOUPI, an endosperm‐specific basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor involved in maize seed development
Authors: Grimault Aurélie , Gendrot Ghislaine , Chamot Sophy , Widiez Thomas , Rabillé Hervé , Gérentes Marie‐France , Creff Audrey , Thévenin Johanne , Dubreucq Bertrand , Ingram Gwyneth C. , Rogowsky Peter M. , Depège‐Fargeix Nathalie 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn angiosperm seeds the embryo is embedded within the endosperm, which is in turn enveloped by the seed coat, making inter‐compartmental communication essential for coordinated seed growth. In this context the basic helix–loop–helix domain transcription factor AtZHOUPI (AtZOU) fulfils a key role in both the lysis of the transient endosperm and in embryo cuticle formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. In maize (Zea mays), a cereal with a persistent endosperm, a single gene, ZmZOU, falls into the same phylogenetic clade as AtZOU. Its expression is limited to the endosperm where it peaks during the filling stage. In ZmZOU‐RNA interference knock‐down lines embryo size is slightly reduced and the embryonic suspensor and the adjacent embryo surrounding region show retarded breakdown. Ectopic expression of ZmZOU reduces stomatal number, possibly due to inappropriate protein interactions. ZmZOU forms functional heterodimers with AtICE/AtSCREAM and the closely related maize proteins ZmICEb and ZmICEc, but its interaction is more efficient with the ZmICEa protein, which shows sequence divergence and only has close homologues in other monocotyledonous species. Consistent with the observation that these complexes can trans‐activate target gene promoters from Arabidopsis, ZmZOU partially complements the Atzou‐4 mutant. However, structural, trans‐activation and gene expression data support the hypothesis that ZmZOU and ZmICEa may have coevolved to form a functional complex unique to monocot seeds. This divergence may explain the reduced functionality of ZmZOU in Arabidopsis, and reflect functional specificities which are unique to the monocotyledon lineage.
Meta-analysis of the Effects of Sanitizing Treatments on Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes Inactivation in Fresh Produce
Authors: Prado-Silva Leonardo , Cadavez Vasco , Gonzales-Barron Ursula , Rezende Ana Carolina B. , Sant'Ana Anderson S. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the effects of sanitizing treatments of fresh produce on
Salmonella
spp.,
Escherichia coli
O157:H7, and
Listeria monocytogenes
. From 55 primary studies found to report on such effects, 40 were selected based on specific criteria, leading to more than 1,000 data on mean log reductions of these three bacterial pathogens impairing the safety of fresh produce. Data were partitioned to build three meta-analytical models that could allow the assessment of differences in mean log reductions among pathogens, fresh produce, and sanitizers. Moderating variables assessed in the meta-analytical models included type of fresh produce, type of sanitizer, concentration, and treatment time and temperature. Further, a proposal was done to classify the sanitizers according to bactericidal efficacy by means of a meta-analytical dendrogram. The results indicated that both time and temperature significantly affected the mean log reductions of the sanitizing treatment (
P
< 0.0001). In general, sanitizer treatments led to lower mean log reductions when applied to leafy greens (for example, 0.68 log reductions [0.00 to 1.37] achieved in lettuce) compared to other, nonleafy vegetables (for example, 3.04 mean log reductions [2.32 to 3.76] obtained for carrots). Among the pathogens,
E. coli
O157:H7 was more resistant to ozone (1.6 mean log reductions), while
L. monocytogenes
and
Salmonella
presented high resistance to organic acids, such as citric acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid (∼3.0 mean log reductions). With regard to the sanitizers, it has been found that slightly acidic electrolyzed water, acidified sodium chlorite, and the gaseous chlorine dioxide clustered together, indicating that they possessed the strongest bactericidal effect. The results reported seem to be an important achievement for advancing the global understanding of the effectiveness of sanitizers for microbial safety of fresh produce.
Membrane-Associated Glucose-Methanol-Choline Oxidoreductase Family Enzymes PhcC and PhcD Are Essential for Enantioselective Catabolism of Dehydrodiconiferyl Alcohol
Authors: Takahashi Kenji , Hirose Yusaku , Kamimura Naofumi , Hishiyama Shojiro , Hara Hirofumi , Araki Takuma , Kasai Daisuke , Kajita Shinya , Katayama Yoshihiro , Fukuda Masao , Masai Eiji 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Sphingobium
sp. strain SYK-6 is able to degrade various lignin-derived biaryls, including a phenylcoumaran-type compound, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (DCA). In SYK-6 cells, the alcohol group of the B-ring side chain of DCA is initially oxidized to the carboxyl group to generate 3-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl) acrylic acid (DCA-C). Next, the alcohol group of the A-ring side chain of DCA-C is oxidized to the carboxyl group, and then the resulting metabolite is catabolized through vanillin and 5-formylferulate. In this study, the genes involved in the conversion of DCA-C were identified and characterized. The DCA-C oxidation activities in SYK-6 were enhanced in the presence of flavin adenine dinucleotide and an artificial electron acceptor and were induced ca. 1.6-fold when the cells were grown with DCA. Based on these observations, SLG_09480 (
phcC
) and SLG_09500 (
phcD
), encoding glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase family proteins, were presumed to encode DCA-C oxidases. Analyses of
phcC
and
phcD
mutants indicated that PhcC and PhcD are essential for the conversion of (+)-DCA-C and (−)-DCA-C, respectively. When
phcC
and
phcD
were expressed in SYK-6 and
Escherichia coli
, the gene products were mainly observed in their membrane fractions. The membrane fractions of
E. coli
that expressed
phcC
and
phcD
catalyzed the specific conversion of DCA-C into the corresponding carboxyl derivatives. In the oxidation of DCA-C, PhcC and PhcD effectively utilized ubiquinone derivatives as electron acceptors. Furthermore, the transcription of a putative cytochrome
c
gene was significantly induced in SYK-6 grown with DCA. The DCA-C oxidation catalyzed by membrane-associated PhcC and PhcD appears to be coupled to the respiratory chain.
Long-term effect of physical activity on health-related quality of life among menopausal women: a 4-year follow-up study to a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mansikkamäki Kirsi , Raitanen Jani , Nygård Clas-Håkan , Tomás Eija , Rutanen Reetta , Luoto Riitta 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to explore the long-term effects of physical activity intervention on quality of life (QoL) 4 years after an original randomised controlled trial (RCT).DesignCohort study after an RCT.Setting95 of the 159 women from the original RCT participated in weight, height and waist circumference measurements, performed the UKK 2 km Walk Test and completed the SF-36 Health Survey questionnaire. Multilevel mixed regression models were performed in order to compare the original and current group in an RCT setting.ParticipantsThere were 159 participants in the original RCT; 2.5 years later, 102 of the women responded to a questionnaire and 4-year after the trial, there were 95 respondents. The inclusion criteria in the original RCT were: being symptomatic, experiencing daily hot flushes, age between 40 and 63 years, not using hormone therapy now or in the past 3 months, sedentary lifestyle and having last menstruated 3–36 months earlier.Main outcome measureHealth-related QoL as measured with the SF-36 instrument.ResultsWomen in the intervention group had a significantly higher probability of improved physical functioning (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.99) as compared with women in the control group. In addition, women in the intervention group had higher odds of good role functioning (OR 1.21; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.67), physical health (OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.84) and general health (OR 1.14; 95% CI 0.81 to 1.62), relative to women in the control group, although the differences did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsWomen in the intervention group showed positive long-term effects on physical and mental dimensions of QoL after 4 years.Trial registration numberISRCTN54690027.
Confirmation of suboptimal protocols in spinal immobilisation?
Authors: Dixon Mark , O'Halloran Joseph , Hannigan Ailish , Keenan Scott , Cummins Niamh M 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundSpinal immobilisation during extrication of patients in road traffic collisions is routinely used despite the lack of evidence for this practice. In a previous proof of concept study (n=1), we recorded up to four times more cervical spine movement during extrication using conventional techniques than self-controlled extrication.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to establish, using biomechanical analysis which technique provides the minimal deviation of the cervical spine from the neutral in-line position during extrication from a vehicle in a larger sample of variable age, height and mass.MethodsA crew of two paramedics and four fire-fighters extricated 16 immobilised participants from a vehicle using six techniques for each participant. Participants were marked with biomechanical sensors and relative movement between the sensors was captured via high-speed infrared motion analysis cameras. A three-dimensional mathematical model was developed and a repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare movement across extrication techniques.ResultsControlled self-extrication without a collar resulted in a mean movement of 13.33° from the neutral in-line position of the cervical spine compared to a mean movement of 18.84° during one of the equipment-aided extrications. Two equipment-aided techniques had significantly higher movement (p<0.05) than other techniques. Both height (p=0.003) and mass (p=0.02) of the participants were significant independent predictors of movement.ConclusionsThese data support the findings of the proof of concept study, for haemodynamically stable patients controlled self-extrication causes less movement of the cervical spine than extrications performed using traditional prehospital rescue equipment.
Radioprotection of IDH1-Mutated Cancer Cells by the IDH1-Mutant Inhibitor AGI-5198
Authors: Molenaar Remco J. , Botman Dennis , Smits Myrthe A. , Hira Vashendriya V. , van Lith Sanne A. , Stap Jan , Henneman Peter , Khurshed Mohammed , Lenting Krissie , Mul Adri N. , Dimitrakopoulou Dionysia , van Drunen Cornelis M. , Hoebe Ron A. , Radivoyevitch Tomas , Wilmink Johanna W. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Vandertop W. Peter , Leenders William P. , Bleeker Fonnet E. , van Noorden Cornelis J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is mutated in various types of human cancer to IDH1R132H, a structural alteration that leads to catalysis of α-ketoglutarate to the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate. In this study, we present evidence that small-molecule inhibitors of IDH1R132H that are being developed for cancer therapy may pose risks with coadministration of radiotherapy. Cancer cells heterozygous for the IDH1R132H mutation exhibited less IDH-mediated production of NADPH, such that after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), there were higher levels of reactive oxygen species, DNA double-strand breaks, and cell death compared with IDH1 wild-type cells. These effects were reversed by the IDH1R132H inhibitor AGI-5198. Exposure of IDH1 wild-type cells to D-2-hydroxyglutarate was sufficient to reduce IDH-mediated NADPH production and increase IR sensitivity. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the radiosensitivity of heterozygous cells was independent of the well-described DNA hypermethylation phenotype in IDH1-mutated cancers. Thus, our results argue that altered oxidative stress responses are a plausible mechanism to understand the radiosensitivity of IDH1-mutated cancer cells. Further, they offer an explanation for the relatively longer survival of patients with IDH1-mutated tumors, and they imply that administration of IDH1R132H inhibitors in these patients may limit irradiation efficacy in this setting. Cancer Res; 75(22); 4790–802. ©2015 AACR.