bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in social support, emotion invalidation, psychological needs, cognitive emotion regulation in maritally adjusted and maladjusted women in Pakistan: A matched pairs design
Authors: Ain Noor ul , Ali Anam , Sitwat Aisha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to find out differences of social support, perceived emotion invalidation, psychological needs, and use of adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in maritally adjusted and maladjusted after controlling for age, education, employment status, and depressive symptomatology. The cross‐sectional study uses a matched pairs design. The sample was divided into two groups; maritally adjusted and maladjusted women (n = 40 pairs) on basis of scores obtained on revised‐dyadic adjustment scale. Forty maritally adjusted women were matched with 40 maritally maladjusted women according to age, education, and employment status. Social support questionnaire, perceived invalidation of emotion scale, basic psychological need satisfaction frustration scale, cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, and center for epidemiologic studies depression scale were administered. One‐way ANCOVA revealed that maritally maladjusted women had lower level of social support [mean difference; −5.65(−9.97, −1.33), p < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.08] and more emotional invalidation [mean difference; 15.36(13.08, 17.65), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.71] compared to maritally adjusted women after controlling for the effect of depressive symptomatology. Maritally maladjusted women had more need frustration [mean difference; 10.75(7.59, 13.92), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.38] compared to maritally adjusted women. However, maritally adjusted women had more need satisfaction [mean difference; 13.36(9.67, 17.05), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.41] compared to maritally maladjusted women. Maritally adjusted women used more adaptive CER strategies (acceptance, refocus on planning and putting into perspective) [mean difference; 4.66(2.36, 6.95), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.18] compared to maritally maladjusted women whereas, maritally maladjusted women used more maladaptive strategies (self‐blame, catastrophizing and blaming others) [mean difference; 4.66(2.77, 6.54), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.25] compared to maritally adjusted women. Maladjusted women had less social support and more emotional invalidation of emotions and psychological needs frustration. They used more maladaptive strategies to manage their negative emotions in comparison to maritally adjusted women. Identification of these cognitive emotion regulation strategies will help clinicians and counselors to devise psychological intervention targeting the use of adaptive strategies to minimize the negative mental health consequences.
Redefining Statin Dosage Post‐Gastric Bypass: Insights from a Population Pharmacokinetics–Pharmacodynamics Link Approach
Authors: Conchon Costa Ana Carolina , Medeiros Jose Ivan Marques , Kang Wonho , Yamamoto Priscila A. , de Gaitani Cristiane M. , Vasconcelos Mayrla E. D. , Da Silva Rodrigo Moreira , Kemp Rafael , Sankarankutty Ajith K. , Salgado Jr Wilson , Santos Jose Sebastiao , Schmidt Stephan , De Moraes Natalia Valadares 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRoux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) involves creating a small stomach pouch, bypassing part of the small intestine, and rerouting the digestive tract. These alterations can potentially change the drug exposure and response. Our primary aim was to assess the impact of RYGB on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin lactone (SV) and its active metabolite, simvastatin hydroxy acid (SVA). Ultimately, we aimed to optimize dosing for this understudied population by employing a population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic link approach. The study comprised patients who had undergone RYGB surgery and individuals without a previous history of RYGB. All participants received a single oral dose of simvastatin. Plasma concentration data were analyzed with a nonlinear mixed‐effect modeling approach. A parent–metabolite model with first‐order absorption, 2‐compartments for SV and 1‐compartment for SVA, linear elimination, and enterohepatic circulation best described the data. The model was linked to the turnover pharmacodynamic model to describe the SVA inhibition on LDL‐cholesterol production. Our simulations indicated that following RYGB surgery, the exposure to SV and SVA decreased by 40%. Consequently, for low‐intensity statin patients, we recommend increasing the dose from 10 to 20 mg in post‐RYGB patients to maintain a comparable response to that of non‐operated subjects. Moderate‐intensity statin patients should require increasing doses to 40 or 60 mg or the addition of a non‐statin medication to achieve similar therapeutic outcomes. In conclusion, individuals post‐RYGB exhibit diminished exposure to SV and may benefit from increasing the dose or adjunctive therapy with non‐statin drugs to attain equivalent responses and mitigate potential adverse events.
The implementation of a diversified teaching model can enhance the quality and efficacy of dental materials science
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Li Mengting , Hu Bo , Lin Niu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveDental materials science is one of the fundamental disciplines in stomatology, encompassing clinical areas such as orthodontics, prosthodontics, and endodontics. Due to its extensive knowledge base, strong professional nature, and wide scope, teaching dental materials science presents a challenge. This study aimed to enhance the application of dental materials science in oral teaching by comparing the effectiveness of different teaching methods.MethodsThis research project was evaluated by the Xi'an Jiaotong University Committee on Human Subjects Research and approved as exempt research. A total of 56 clinical stomatology students from the first year and second year cohorts at the Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were selected for the study. The first year cohort served as the nonteaching reform class, while the second year cohort formed the teaching reform class. The impact of the teaching reform was assessed through a questionnaire survey and final examination results.ResultsThe questionnaire survey of students in the teaching reform class indicated a significant improvement in their interest in professional courses and overall satisfaction with the teaching. Additionally, the final examination results revealed a significantly greater rate of excellence among students in the teaching reform class than among those in the nonteaching reform class, with no students failing.ConclusionThe use of diverse teaching modes can enhance the quality and effectiveness of dental materials science instruction, offering a new approach for improving teaching in this discipline.
A regiospecific fischer indole reaction with 3‐oxo‐24‐nor‐allobetulin
Authors: Zakirova Liana , Baikova Irina , Lobov Alexander , Gatilov Yury , Polovyanenko Dmitriy , Каzakova Oxana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFirst case of regiospecific formation of indole fused with a triterpene scaffold is observed. Starting from 3‐oxo‐24‐nor‐allobetulin Fischer reaction with phenylhydrazine under the influence of weak acid catalyst led to 3H‐indole (indolenine) 4. This process was accompanied by a change in the configuration of the methyl group at C‐4 that was confirmed by x‐ray diffraction method. On the other hand, 3,2‐indole 5 was synthesized under the influence of strong acid catalyst (using phenylhydrazine hydrochloride in AcOH acid or phenylhydrazine in MeOH with a few drops of HCl).
Association between human herpesvirus 8 and lipid profile in northwest China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Jingzhan , Wang Peng , Li Tingting , Liu Weidong , Shi Tian , Wang Man , Kong Wenjie , Huang Xiaoling , Aihemaijiang Kuerbanjiang , Ding Yuan , Gao Feng , Kang Xiaojing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHuman herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) infection shows obvious regional and ethnic differences. Although studies have shown that these differences may be associated with lipid metabolism, to date, no large‐scale studies have explored this. This study explored the seropositivity rate of HHV‐8 among 2516 residents from 10 regions of northwest China and then the correlates of HHV‐8 infection with lipid profile. The HHV‐8 serological positivity rate was 15.6% among all residents. The HHV‐8 seroprevalence ranged 11.2–27.6% among different ethnicities. Across different BMI levels, the positive rates of HHV‐8 were 27.6%, 16.9%, and 13.6% for a BMI < 18.5, 18.5–24.9, and ≥25, respectively. HHV‐8 seropositivity rate was lower for hypertensive people (12.6%) than for non‐hypertensive people (16.7%). Univariate logistic regression analyses revealed that age, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, BMI, total cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) significantly correlated with HHV‐8 seropositivity (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounding factors showed that HDL‐C (odds ratio [OR]: 0.132, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.082–0.212; p < 0.001) and BMI (OR: 0.959, 95% CI 0.933–0.986; p = 0.003) were associated with HHV‐8 seropositivity. Subgroup analyses concerning ethnicity, sex, or age demonstrated a consistent relationship with HDL‐C. The results of HHV‐8 seropositivity and BMI were inconsistent in the subgroups. However, Spearman's correlation analysis between HHV‐8 serum antibody titer and HDL‐C levels showed no linear relationship among HHV‐8 seropositive individuals (ρ = −0.080, p = 0.058). HHV‐8 serum antibody titers were also not significantly correlated with BMI (ρ = −0.015, p = 0.381). Low HDL‐C levels may be an independent risk factor for HHV‐8 infection, but there is no significant correlation between HDL‐C levels and HHV‐8 antibody titers.
July–August minimum temperature variability encoded in latewood blue intensity in southeastern China
Authors: Peng Kunyu , Zhou Feifei , Dong Zhipeng , Bai Maowei , Zheng Zhuangpeng , Fang Keyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTree‐ring blue intensity (BI) is well known as a relatively new proxy, which has been utilized for temperature reconstructions over some regions of the worldwide, and has great research potential. In this study, based on tree‐ring data from Pinus massoniana in northwestern Wuyi Mountains in southeastern China, we established a series of tree‐ring width (TRW), earlywood BI (EWBI), latewood BI (LWBI) and delta BI (ΔBI) chronologies. The correlation analysis results indicated that BI chronologies are better than TRW chronology in relation to climate factors; EWBI chronology is a positive correlation with three temperatures (Tmean, Tmax and Tmin), whereas ΔBI and LWBI chronologies almost are negative correlations with temperatures. The LWBI chronology exhibited the highest correlation in July–August Tmin during 1955–2021 (r = −0.61, p < 0.01) and for the reconstruction. The reconstruction model could explain 36.64% of the observed variance. The reconstructed series spanned from 1843 to 2021 and documented three warm periods (1843–1863, 1874–1888 and 1992–2021) and one cold period (1911–1991), and Tmin rapidly warming since 1950s, which is similar to variation in the surrounding temperature reconstruction and is also consistent with the rate of global warming published by the IPCC. The result shows that the summer Tmin anomaly in southeast China is related significantly to the quasi‐biennial oscillation in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean.
Penicillin concentrations in bone and subcutaneous tissue: A porcine microdialysis study comparing oral and intravenous treatment
Authors: Rasmussen Hans Christian , Hanberg Pelle , Lilleøre Johanne G. , Petersen Elisabeth K. , Hvistendahl Magnus A. , Jørgensen Andrea R. , Stilling Maiken , Bue Mats 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPenicillin is available in both an oral (penicillin V) and intravenous formulation (penicillin G), theoretically allowing for a safe transition between the two. However, the use of oral penicillin remains a topic of debate due to low and variable bioavailability. This study aimed to assess the time for which the free penicillin concentration exceeded targeted minimum inhibitory concentrations for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L) in cancellous bone and subcutaneous tissue after intravenous penicillin and oral penicillin administration. 12 female pigs (68–75 kg) were assigned, according to local standard clinical regimes, to either intravenous penicillin (1.2 g) or oral penicillin (0.8 g) treatment every 6 h over an 18 h period. Microdialysis catheters were placed for sampling in tibial cancellous bone and adjacent subcutaneous tissue. Data was dynamic/continually collected in the first dosing interval (0–6 h), simulating a prophylactic situation, and the third dosing interval (12–18 h), simulating a therapeutic setting. Plasma samples were collected for reference. For all investigated targets, intravenous treatment resulted in a longer mean time above relevant minimum inhibitory concentrations in cancellous bone during the first dosing interval, and in both cancellous bone and subcutaneous tissue during the third dosing interval compared to oral treatment. With clinically relevant dosing, intravenous penicillin provides superior exposure compared to oral penicillin in both a prophylactic and therapeutic setting.
Assessing critical plant sulfur concentration and nitrogen to sulfur ratio in spring canola production
Authors: Ma Bao‐Luo , Herath Aruna , Smith Donald L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsPlant S concentration (Sc) and nitrogen (N) to S ratio (N:S) in canola are important indicators for diagnosing S deficiency. A field study was conducted on sandy and clay loam soils at two sites in eastern Canada for three growing seasons to determine plant critical Sc and N:S ratios across various growth stages (GSs).MethodsFor each site year, factorial experiments consisting of combinations of four N levels (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg N ha–1) as urea (46–0–0) and four S levels (0, 20, 30, and 40 kg S ha–1) as potassium sulfate (0–0–50–18) were classified orthogonally to form 16 combinations. Muriate of potash (0–0–60) was also applied as needed to ensure all plots receiving the equal amount of potassium (K).ResultsOur study found that S fertilization increased plant Sc at each GS but reduced the whole‐plant N:S ratio, and the effect was stronger during the flowering stage. Both whole‐plant Sc and N:S ratios varied with GS, environment, and soil type and declined with plant aging. Our results showed that whole‐plant S analysis combined with visual signs of plant S deficiency (purple‐edged and cup‐shaped leaves with less green; stunted growth, slow blooming, and fewer flowers) appeared to be the best way to identify S problems in the field, and whole‐plant Sc and N:S ratios could confirm S deficiencies.ConclusionOur findings indicated that if the whole‐plant Sc in the rosette stage is <0.35% and the N:S ratio is >9.6, the plant may be S‐deficient, and timely supplementary S fertilization measures may be beneficial to canola crop yield.
W/O/W Pickering emulsions stabilized by complex modified phycocyanin
Authors: Tian Hongye , Zhang Zhong , Li Wenjun , Sun Xiaolin , Yuan Li , Yang Xingbin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDA water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) double emulsion can simultaneously load hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances due to its unique two‐membrane, three‐phase structure. However, thermodynamic instability greatly limits the application of double emulsions in food processing. Further development of Pickering emulsions based on proteins, etc., can improve the stability and loading capacity. It is of great significance to promote their practical application.RESULTSHerein, we prepared ultrasound pretreatment complex glycation‐modified phycocyanin (UMPC) to stabilize a W/O/W Pickering emulsion for the codelivery of vitamin B12 (VB12) and vitamin E (VE). First, an inner water phase and oil phase containing polyglycerin polyricinoleate were homogenized to prepare a W/O emulsion. Subsequently, the W/O emulsion was homogenized with an outer water phase containing UMPC to obtain a W/O/W Pickering emulsion. A gel‐like inner phase emulsion with excellent storage and thermal stabilities was obtained under the condition that the W/O emulsion volume ratio was 80% and the UMPC was stabilized by 10 g kg−1. The double emulsion after loading VB12 and VE showed good encapsulation effect during the storage period, the encapsulation rate could reach more than 90%, it also showed excellent protection effect under long‐time storage and UV irradiation and the retention rate increased by more than 65%. In addition, the bioavailability of VB12 and VE significantly increased during simulated gastrointestinal digestion and reached 46.02% and 52.43%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that the UMPC‐stabilized W/O/W Pickering emulsion is an effective carrier for the codelivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive molecules and also provides a means for useful exploration of an efficient and stable emulsion system stabilized by biological macromolecules. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The variation of acrylamide and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural in tea with different roasting degrees and the effects of tea polyphenols on their formation
Authors: Wang Lu , Wen Mingchun , Zhou Yu , Zhang Liang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDRoasting is an essential step in making roasted teas, and its role in producing flavors has been widely studied. However, the variation of potential hazardous compounds during the tea roasting process is still vague. The present study established an effective method based on liquid chromatography‐triple quadrupole‐tandem mass spectrometry to simultaneously determine the variation of acrylamide (AA), 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF), and free amino acids during the tea roasting process. Meanwhile, the effects of several tea polyphenols on the formation of AA and 5‐HMF were investigated by a wet‐to‐dry thermal model reaction.RESULTSMedium‐temperature roasted teas had the highest levels of AA and 5‐HMF, with ranges of 0.13–0.15 μg g−1 and 68.72–123.98 μg g−1, respectively. Quantitative results showed that the levels of monosaccharides and amino acids decreased during roasting, which might contribute to the formation of 5‐HMF and AA. Meanwhile, the decrease of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), and epicatechin (EC) might be related to their inhibitory effects on 5‐HMF and AA. Thermal model reaction results showed that EGCG and EC significantly inhibited 5‐HMF formation with a decline rate of 33.33% and 72.22%, respectively, mainly by trapping glucose. Gallic acid (GA) also had an inhibitory effect on the formation of AA (decreased by 92.86%) and 5‐HMF (44.44%), mainly through impeding the preliminary reaction of asparagine and glucose.CONCLUSIONThe roasting temperature determined the levels of AA and 5‐HMF in teas. Catechins inhibited the formation of 5‐HMF and AA mostly through trapping monosaccharides, while the inhibitory effect of GA was achieved by impeding the reaction. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cryopreserving the intact intervertebral disc without compromising viability
Authors: Shalash Ward , Forcier Ryan , Higgins Adam Z. , Giers Morgan B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTissue cryopreservation requires saturation of the structure with cryoprotectants (CPAs) that are also toxic to cells within a short timeframe unless frozen. The race between CPA delivery and cell death is the main barrier to realizing transplantation banks that can indefinitely preserve tissues and organs. Unrealistic cost and urgency leaves less life‐threatening ailments unable to capitalize on traditional organ transplantation systems that immediately match and transport unfrozen organs. For instance, human intervertebral discs (IVD) could be transplanted to treat back pain or used as ex vivo models for studying regenerative therapies, but both face logistical hurdles in organ acquisition and transport. Here we aimed to overcome those challenges by cryopreserving intact IVDs using compressive loading and swelling to accelerate CPA delivery.MethodsCPAs were tested on bovine nucleus pulposus cells to determine the least cytotoxic solution. Capitalizing on our CPAs Computed Tomography (CT) contrast enhancement, we imaged and quantified saturation time in intact bovine IVDs under different conditions in a bioreactor. Finally, the entire protocol was tested, including 1 week of frozen storage, to confirm tissue viability in multiple IVD regions after thawing.ResultsResults showed cryopreserving medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene glycol gave over 7.5 h before cytotoxicity. While non‐loaded IVDs required over 3 days to fully saturate, a dynamic loading protocol followed by CPA addition and free‐swelling decreased saturation time to <5 h. After cryopreserving IVDs for 1 week with the optimized CPA and permeation method, all IVD regions had 85% cell viability, not significantly different from fresh unfrozen controls.ConclusionsThis study created a novel solution to a roadblock in IVD research and development. Using post‐compression swelling CPA can be delivered to an intact IVD over 20× more quickly than previous methods, enabling cryopreservation of the IVD with no detectable loss in cell viability.
Too many barriers to overcome? Career challenges of women in the UK hospitality industry
Authors: Kokkranikal Jithendran , Calinaud Valentine , Baum Tom 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWomen face numerous challenges in building a successful career. The hospitality industry exemplifies workplaces where women find progressing careers to senior management very challenging. This paper explores barriers to women's career progression in the hospitality industry in the United Kingdom (UK). The study analyses the views of women in management positions in the UK hospitality industry on challenges they face in career progression. The findings indicate that women face numerous barriers in their career paths, and these include gender bias, microaggressions, work‐life balance issues, lack of gender diversity, inflexibility, and mentoring.
A systematic review of city break travel in tourism
Authors: Hu Mengyun , Pantano Eleonora , Stylos Nikolaos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite the growing body of research on urban tourism in the field of tourism and hospitality, only a limited number of studies have delved into the role of city breaks in tourism and analyzed the tourist experience in city break travel. The primary objective of this study is to identify and conceptualize city break tourism and provide guidance for contemporary analyses of city break travel experiences. Specifically, this study aims to: (1) identify the characteristics of city break travel and develop a conceptual framework for city break tourism based on these features; (2) explore the factors influencing city break tourist experiences. To achieve these goals, a systematic review of city breaks has been conducted in the tourism and hospitality sectors to gain a comprehensive understanding of city break tourism. The study contributes both theoretically and practically to the field.