bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orbital angular momentum control of strong-field physics in gas phase
Authors: Bégin Jean-Luc , Bhardwaj Ravi , Brabec Thomas , Corkum Paul , Karimi Ebrahim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Photoionization plays a pivotal role in several physical, chemical, and biological processes. When induced in an atom or molecule by an intense laser pulse, the electron dynamics in the laser field lead to new phenomena that form the basis of attosecond science. Ultra-intense laser pulses can also accelerate electrons to relativistic energies through ponderomotive force or laser-plasma interaction. Most light-matter interactions involve Gaussian beams, where control over ionization and electron dynamics is typically governed by polarization and carrier-envelope phase of the light pulse. In this article, we reveal that Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) carrying beams provide a new dimension to control strong-field ionization of atoms and molecules. The ionization process is influenced by the sign and value of the OAM and can be manipulated by displacing the phase singularity in the beam. We show that the field gradients inherent in the higher-order multipole expansion of the tunneling process cause ionization to depend on OAM. Simulations indicate that, in contrast to Gaussian beams, the ponderomotive energy and the average force can be controlled by OAM and by displacing the phase singularity in the optical vortex. Our findings have broader implications in the realms of plasma physics, attosecond science, atomic and molecular spectroscopy, and super-resolution microscopy.
Malaria Prevalence, Prevention Practices, and Associated Factors in the Andasa Cluster, Ethiopia
Authors: Bogale Kassawmar Angaw , Engida Hailelmariam Awoke , Sied Omer , Worku Mastewal , Wondiye Habitamu , Muchie Mulugeta , Azage Muluken 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
After 2019, malaria infections in Ethiopia increased, yet current prevention methods are poorly documented. Understanding these practices and associated factors is crucial for guiding effective interventions and helping Ethiopia achieve its goal of eliminating malaria. This study aims to assess malaria prevalence, prevention practices, and associated factors in the Andasa cluster, an area with persistent malaria transmission in Ethiopia.
Method
A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 1 to July 15, 2023, in the Andasa cluster, comprising six kebeles with a total population of approximately 10,200. A multistage random sampling technique selected participants from three kebeles with the highest reported malaria cases in 2022. Six villages were randomly chosen using probability proportional to size. All households in these villages were included, with preference given to the oldest adult in each household. A total of 1,311 participants were surveyed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions assessed factors related to malaria knowledge, attitudes, and practices.
Results
Two-thirds (65.1%, n = 854) of participants had good knowledge of malaria causes, symptoms, and prevention measures. Nearly half (49.1%, n = 644) had a positive attitude towards malaria prevention. Fever episodes were reported by 29.3% (n = 385) of participants, with 8.3% (n = 32) testing positive for malaria in the two weeks before the survey. Higher income and being single or widowed were linked to more favorable attitudes. Female respondents, higher income, and certain occupations were positively associated with good prevention practices. Participants owning long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and those with positive attitudes were significantly more likely to practice malaria prevention.
Conclusion and Recommendation
The study reveals good awareness about malaria but identifies areas needing improvement. The relatively poor attitudes and practices towards malaria prevention highlight the need to foster positive health attitudes and provide adequate resources. Tailored interventions addressing gender differences and economic barriers can enhance the effectiveness of malaria prevention practices
Standardized study performance, quality assurance, and quality control in a cluster-randomized trial: The Pneumococcal Vaccine Schedules Trial
Authors: Osei Isaac , Young Benjamin , Sarwar Golam , Olatunji Yekini A , Hossain Ilias , Lobga Babila G , Wutor Baleng M , Adefila Williams , Mendy Emmanuel , Adeshola Banjo , Isa Yasir Shitu , Olawale Yusuf A , Lamin Keita M , Nyimanta Ebrimah , Baldeh Bubacarr , Nyassi Abdoullah , Drammeh Momodou M , Ousman Barjo , Molfa Minteh , Salaudeen Rasheed , Mackenzie Grant A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Randomized controlled trials are considered the “gold standard” for evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention. However, large-scale, cluster-randomized trials are complex and costly to implement. The generation of accurate, reliable, and high-quality data is essential to ensure the validity and generalizability of findings. Robust quality assurance and quality control procedures are important to optimize and validate the quality, accuracy, and reliability of trial data. To date, few studies have reported on study procedures to assess and optimize data integrity during the implementation of large cluster-randomized trials. The dearth of literature on these methods of trial implementation may contribute to questions about the quality of data collected in clinical trials. Trial protocols should consider the inclusion of quality assurance indicators and targets for implementation. Publishing quality assurance and control measures implemented in clinical trials should increase public trust in the findings from such studies. In this manuscript, we describe the development and implementation of internal and external quality assurance and control procedures and metrics in the Pneumococcal Vaccine Schedules trial currently ongoing in rural Gambia. This manuscript focuses on procedures and metrics to optimize trial implementation and validate clinical, laboratory, and field data. We used a mixture of procedure repetition, supervisory visits, checklists, data cleaning and verification methods and used the metrics to drive process improvement in all domains.
Hierarchical Temporal Scale Framework for Real-Time Streamflow Prediction in Reservoir-Regulated Basins
Authors: Chang Jiaxuan , Sang Xuefeng , Qu Junlin , Jia Yangwen , Lei Qiming , Ding Haokai , Lyu Xianglin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We propose a hierarchical temporal scale framework for real-time streamflow prediction in reservoir-regulated basins to ensure effective water resources management. As an important anthropogenic interference in the hydrologic cycle, reservoir operation behavior remains challenging to properly represent in hydrologic models, thus limiting the capability of predicting streamflow under the interactions between hydrologic variability and operational preferences. We employ a data-driven model (LSTM) for streamflow prediction in reservoir-regulated basins. Given the difficulty in predicting streamflow processes caused by varying operational objectives of different reservoirs across different time scales within the basin, we simulate the monthly storage and release patterns of reservoirs using historical daily operation data and then capture the deviations between daily scales and these patterns to model the actual reservoir operation rules. Finally, we predict the watershed streamflow based on the reservoir release volume combined with hydrometeorological data. We enhance model performance and interpretability using the Optuna method and Shapley additive explanation (SHAP). The Dongjiang River Basin (DRB) serves as the study area. Results indicate that the framework excellently captures the operational patterns of the three major reservoirs in the basin and significantly improves the daily streamflow prediction accuracy. Model interpretability results show that the contribution of main stem reservoir releases to downstream streamflow is greater than that of tributary reservoir releases.
Gastric glomus tumor with uncertain malignant potential: Case report of a rare cause of occult upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Fejes Roland , Gyorgyev Kitti Szonja , Góg Csaba , Krenács László , Zombori Tamás , Pancsa Tamás , Széll Zsófia Eszter , Balajthy Zsófia , Simonka Zsolt 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Glomus tumors (GTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms that are typically benign. Gastric GTs are uncommon and occur mostly in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Malignant gastric GTs are exceedingly rare, constituting fewer than 1% of gastric tumors. Because their features are similar to those of other tumors found in the same gastrointestinal region, such as stromal tumors, leiomyomas, lymphomas, and lipomas, diagnosis is challenging.
Case Presentation: A 52-year-old male patient presented with fatigue and melena. Initial endoscopic examinations failed to locate any source of bleeding. Six months later, pan-gastroscopy, performed because of progressive microcytic anemia, revealed a 40 ´ 30 mm polypoid lesion with deep ulcerations; histopathological analysis confirmed that it was a gastric GT with alpha-actin and cadherin 17 expression and a Ki-67 index of 20%. The patient delayed surgical therapy until his symptoms worsened. Laparoscopic sleeve resection revealed a 65 ´ 45 ´25 mm tumor, and secondary immunohistochemical analysis revealed extensive spread into the mucosa and subserosa. Focally, the tumor bulged into some large veins. Genetic examination with RNA isolation further supported the histopathological diagnosis of gastric GT with uncertain malignant potential.
Conclusions: This case underscores the diagnostic challenges posed by gastric GTs because they are rare and their clinical features are similar to those of other gastric tumors. Thorough histopathological and molecular analysis are essential for accurate diagnosis. Surgical intervention remains the primary therapeutic approach. This case also emphasizes the need for long-term followup because of the potential for recurrence and for malignancy.
Perception of Landscape and Cultural Landscape Sustainability—Evidence from Multisensory Descriptions in Online Reviews Using Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Shi Yangyang , Zhao Liang , Cai Chenshu , Furuya Katsunori 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The sustainable development of cities with cultural landscapes has attracted wide attention, as they are composite carriers of urban greening and cultural space. Suzhou, China, and Kyoto, Japan, are renowned for their cultural heritage. In addition to protecting the rich tangible cultural landscapes, it is also important to integrate visitors' subjective perceptions, which relate more to intangible heritage, into heritage protection and green sustainable development strategies. Due to the limitations in quantifying non-visual sensory elements, previous perceptual evaluations have mainly focused on visual elements. However, online reviews include multi-sensory perception descriptions. This study employs deep learning methods to process photos and text from online reviews to obtain landscape elements and sensory information from both cities. Significant differences were found in the perception of various landscape elements and multi-sensory descriptions between the two cities, and different senses affect overall perception to varying degrees. These findings and the application of new technologies facilitate the incorporation of multi-sensory public perceptions into the protection of green spaces with cultural significance.
Dual plating with an anteroinferior miniplate in multifragmentary clavicular midshaft fractures
Authors: Ok Seungwoo , Yoon Seong-Meen , Choi Sungwook 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
We developed a novel surgical technique using an anteroinferior locking compression miniplate in addition to a conventional superior compression plate for the treatment of multifragmentary clavicular fractures.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical and radiologic records of patients who were surgically treated with dual plating for clavicle fractures from March 2019 to November 2020. The primary outcome was bone union, and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications associated with the procedure. The functional outcomes included the visual analog scale (VAS), University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Scale (UCLASS) and Constant-Shoulder Scale (CSS) scores.
Results
Twenty patients with AO/OTA 15-2B and 2C clavicular fractures were followed for an average of 16 months (range: 8 ~ 30). The average patient age was 41 (range: 21 ~ 76) years, and 17 male and 3 female patients were included. The most common cause of clavicle fractures was sports activity (35%). The average number of fragments was 1.5 (range: 1 ~ 3). Ten patients had AO/OTA classification 15-2C, and 9 patients had AO/OTA classification 15-2B. Primary fracture union healing was observed in all 20 (100%) patients, and the average time to bone union was 11.8 weeks (range: 7 ~ 21). There was no fixation failure or postoperative infection. The mean VAS, UCLASS and CSS scores at the final follow-up were 0.45, 33.3 and 65.0, respectively.
Conclusion
Dual plating using an anteroinferior locking compression miniplate is an effective surgical technique for treating multifragmentary clavicular fractures.
Sequential Deep Learning Model for Obesity Prediction Based on Physical Fitness Factors: An Analysis of Data from the 2010–2023 Korean National Physical Fitness Data
Authors: Bae Jun-Hyun , Sung Yunho , Li Xinxing , Song Wook 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Obesity, a "global syndemic," increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases; therefore, the prediction and management of obesity is crucial. Regular physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are inversely correlated with obesity, highlighting the need for effective models for predicting obesity.
Aim
This study aimed to predict obesity using physical fitness factors, including those related to cardiorespiratory fitness, determined via deep neural network analysis of data obtained from the 2010–2023 Korean National Physical Fitness Award.
Methods
A deep learning approach was implemented to analyze the data obtained from 108,304 participants, and variables such as exercise-induced oxygen consumption during a 20-m shuttle run test (20-m VO2 max), gender, and relative grip strength were considered. Stratified K-fold cross-validation, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), and local interpretable model-agnostic description analyses were employed to evaluate the model performance and feature importance.
Results
The neural network yielded a high accuracy score (0.87–0.88), with Fold 4 providing the optimized model for obesity classifications. Features such as 20-m VO2 max, gender, and relative grip strength significantly influenced the obesity predictions, and low 20-m VO2 max levels were key predictors of obesity.
Discussion
This study confirmed the efficacy of the proposed deep neural network in predicting obesity based on physical fitness factors and clarified the significant predictors of obesity.
Conclusion
The results of this study may potentially be used for devising personalized obesity-management strategies that emphasize the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness.
Effects of artificial simulation of rainfall patterns on growth, Non-structural carbohydrates, and ecostoichiometric characteristics of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings
Authors: Li xingze , Sun Lijuan , guo huanxian , Cha Xiaofei , Zheng Shaojie , Zeng Huiping , Dong Qiong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Global climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme weather events and disrupting rainfall patterns, with far-reaching consequences for ecosystems. Plant growth and development processes are extremely sensitive to water conditions, so understanding the effects of rainfall variability on seedlings is critical. However, it is unclear how Cyphomandra betacea seedlings respond to changes in rainfall. This study investigated the response of Cyphomandra betacea seedling biomass, nutrient accumulation, and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) content to different rainfall intervals and amounts. Using two rainfall intervals, T (3 day) and T+ (6 day), and three rainfall events, average monthly rainfall was used as a control (W), with a corresponding 40% increase in rainfall (W+) and 40% decrease in rainfall (W-) as rainfall treatments. The result showed that increasing rainfall under both rainfall intervals significantly promoted (P < 0.05) the growth of seedling height and soil diameter. The accumulation of root and stem biomass was reduced under the T+ rainfall interval. There was a correlation between the contents of NSC and C, N, and P and their stoichiometric characteristics in seedlings, Changes in N content among organs were crucial for NSC and its fractions and constrained the interconversion of soluble sugar (SS) and starch (ST). At T intervals, more rainfall favored N partitioning into stems and P partitioning into leaves; at T+ rainfall intervals, C and N partitioning into leaves was favored; and more rainfall significantly increased C, N, and P contents in all organs (P < 0.05), but decreased C:N and C:P in all organs of seedlings. In conclusion, the simulated July W+T treatment was effective in improving seedling growth and promoting the accumulation of non-structural carbon and C, N, and P contents in various organs.
Prevalence and Perception of Self-Medication of Analgesics Among Medical Students of Punjab
Authors: Usama Rana Muhammad , Saleemi Fatima , Mahmood Nimra , Dawood Ashar Bin , khan Iftikhar , Saleemi Muhammad Hassan , Alayan Rana Muhammad , Hameed Abeera , Ahmed Uzair , Shahzad Alishah , Shahid Ahmed Muaaz , Najeeb Fatima , Butt Ayesha Imran , Akram Ayila , Arif Iman , Ghafoor Sonia , Arshad Hanzalah Bin , Altaf Mahran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Self-medication is a global health concern, particularly the use of analgesics without medical consultation. This practice is prevalent among medical students due to their knowledge of pharmacology, easy access to medications, and belief that mild health issues do not require medical attention.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in Punjab. Using the RAOSOFT sample calculator, a minimum sample size of 397 was determined. Data from 464 participants were collected through a multistage stratified random sampling technique and analyzed using SPSS version 19. An anonymous, confidential, self-administered questionnaire inquired about socio-demographics and self-medication practices in the past six months.Results: Among 464 students, 73.9% reported self-medicating with analgesics. Prevalence was highest among students aged 22–23 years (38.8%) and fourth-year students (29.7%). Primary sources of information included self-use (32.9%), advice from friends/family (29.7%), and pharmacists (24.8%).Conclusion: Self-medication with analgesics is highly prevalent among medical students, influenced by factors such as pharmacological knowledge, easy access, and socioeconomic status. Effective strategies, including education, regulation, and strict surveillance, are necessary to manage and reduce self-medication practices.Trial Registration: The study was ethically approved by the Institutional Review Board of Ameer ud din Medical College, Lahore.
Effect of Postpartum Pessary Use on Pelvic floor Function: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Beer Franziska , Kuppinger Madeleine , Schwab Frank , Hübner Markus , Kiefner Brenda , Nacke Anna , Kelckenberg Ute , Schütze Sabine , Lindner Anna , Hellmeyer Lars , Janni Wolfgang , Metz Melanie , Deniz Miriam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study evaluates the restitution of pelvic floor function in postpartum women using the Restifem® pessary in a preventive and therapeutic approach.
Methods
In this multicentre study all postpartum women independently of their parity, mode of delivery and existing pelvic floor symptoms were offered to use the Restifem® pessary from 6 weeks postpartum for 3 to 6 months. They completed the validated German pelvic floor questionnaire (GPFQpp) via online survey at 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months postpartum and were divided, by their own choice, into users and non-users of the pessary.
Results
Initially 857 women were enrolled. After 6 weeks 137 pessary users and 133 non-users, after 12 months 53 pessary users and 45 non-users submitted a completed questionnaire. Pessary users had significantly higher (worse) scores in all domains of the GPFQpp at 6 weeks postpartum. At 12 months postpartum pessary users still had a significantly higher bladder score, compared to non-users. There was a greater improvement in the bladder score (p = 0.005) and the pelvic organ prolapse score (p < 0.001) from 6 weeks to 12 months postpartum, among pessary users compared to non-users.
Conclusion
Pessary users had a significantly greater improvement in pelvic floor function from 6 weeks to 12 months postpartum, compared to non-users. This effect might be in part due to wearing the pessary but also due to greater scope for recovery, given the higher level of pelvic floor dysfunction in the pessary user group.
Trial registration
The trial was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00024733) on 19 of April 2021.
Utilization of the Pilot-Scale Multistage Extractor for Removal of Zinc Ions with Central Composite Design Optimization; Case Study: Mass Transfer Rates
Authors: Asadollahzadeh Mehdi , Torkaman Rezvan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this work, the removal of zinc ions from aqueous solution by using a multistage extractor was studied. This investigation discusses the significance of the pilot-scale column, and it provides a brief overview of the potential of mass transfer rates for the extraction stage of Zn(II) with D2EHPA extractant. In the first step, the central composite design approach was performed to analyze the extraction behavior by the mass transfer coefficients. The optimization study showed that within the design variables, the significant parameter was the rate of agitation. The higher mass transfer coefficient increased the extraction rate due to more complex formation from aqueous to the organic phase. The optimum conditions were obtained as the rotation speed of 3.58 s− 1, aqueous feed velocity of 0.75 mm.s− 1, organic feed velocity of 0.89 mm.s− 1. In the second stage, the experimental data were examined for the description of mass transfer behavior with the previous correlations. The results showed that reaction condition is a significant factor in the variation of mass transfer coefficients. The obtained data could be referred to in future improvement and applications of a multistage extractor for wastewater treatment and the removal of zinc ions.