bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Detectivity All‐Polymer Photodiode Empowers Smart Vitality Surveillance and Computational Imaging Rivaling Silicon Diodes
Authors: Chandran Hrisheekesh Thachoth , Ma Ruijie , Xu Zhihan , Veetil Jipsa Chelora , Luo Yongmin , Dela Peña Top Archie , Gunasekaran Iyappan , Mahadevan Sudhi , Liu Kuan , Xiao Yin , Xia Hao , Wu Jiaying , Li Mingjie , Tsang Sai‐Wing , Yu Xinge , Chen Wen , Li Gang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) organic photodetectors (OPDs), particularly all‐polymer‐based ones, hold substantial commercial promise in the healthcare and imaging sectors. However, the process of optimizing their active layer composition to achieve highly competitive figures of merit lacks a clear direction and methodology. In this work, celebrity polymer acceptor PY‐IT into a more NIR absorbing host system PBDB‐T:PZF‐V, to significantly enhance the photodetection competence, is introduced. The refined all‐polymer ternary broadband photodetector demonstrates superior performance metrics, including experimentally measured noise current as low as 6 fA Hz−1/2, specific detectivity reaching 8 × 1012 Jones, linear dynamic range (LDR) of 145 dB, and swift response speed surpassing 200 kHz, striking a fair balance between sensitivity and response speed. Comprehensive morphological and photophysical characterizations elucidate the mechanisms behind the observed performance enhancements in this study, which include reduced trap density, enhanced charge transport, diminished charge recombination, and balanced electron/hole mobilities. Moreover, the practical deployment potential of the proof‐of‐concept device in self‐powered mode is demonstrated through their application in a machine learning‐based cuffless blood pressure (BP) estimation system and in high‐resolution computational imaging across complex environments, where they are found to quantitatively rival commercial silicon diodes.
Ultrafast Electron‐Transfer Via Hybrid States at Perovskite/Fullerene Interface
Authors: Guan Zhiqiang , Li Yang , Man Ping , Tan Hongji , Wei Qi , Liu Jinjie , Li Mingjie , Ly Thuc Hue , Yin Jun , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInterfacial charge‐transfer between perovskite and charge‐transport layers plays a key role in determining performance of perovskite solar cells. The conventional viewpoint emphases the necessity of favorable energy‐level alignment of the two components. In recent reports, efficient electron‐transfer is observed from perovskite to fullerene‐based electron‐transport layers even when there are unfavorable energy‐level alignments, but the mechanism is still unclear. Here, using an ultrafast in situ two‐photon photoelectron spectroscopy, real‐time observations of electron‐transfer processes at CsPbI3/C60 interface in both temporal and energetic dimensions are reported. Due to strong electronic coupling, a large amount of interfacial hybrid states is generated at the interfaces, aiding fast photoinduced electron‐transfer in ≈124 fs. This process is further verified by nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations and transient absorption experiments. The short timescale explains why electron‐transfer can overcome unfavorable energy‐level alignments, providing a guideline for device design.
Confining Iodine into Metal‐Organic Framework Derived Metal‐Nitrogen‐Carbon for Long‐Life Aqueous Zinc‐Iodine Batteries
Authors: Guo Xiaotian , Xu Hengyue , Tang Yijian , Yang Zhangbin , Dou Fei , Li Wenting , Li Qing , Pang Huan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc–iodine batteries (AZIBs) are highly appealing for energy requirements owing to their safety, cost‐effectiveness, and scalability. However, the inadequate redox kinetics and severe shuttling effect of polyiodide ions impede their commercial viability. Herein, several Zn‐MOF‐derived porous carbon materials are designed, and the further preparation of iron–doped porous carbon (Fe–N–C, M9) with varied Fe doping contents is optimized based on a facile self‐assembly/carbonization approach. M9, with atomic Fe coordinated to nitrogen atoms, is employed as an efficient cathode host for AZIBs. Functional modifications of porous carbon hosts involving the doping species and levels are investigated. The adsorption tests, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and in situ UV–vis results demonstrate the adsorption capability and charge‐discharge mechanism for the iodine species. Furthermore, experimental findings and theoretical analyses have proven that the redox conversion of iodine is enhanced through a physicochemical confinement effect. This study offers basic principles for the strategic design of single‐atom dispersed carbon as an iodine host for high‐performance AZIBs. Flexible soft–pack battery and wearable microbattery applications also have implications for future long‐life aqueous battery designs.
Effect of Lignin Particle Size on the Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber/Lignin Composite Sheets
Authors: Inoue Yasuaki , Putera Kevin H. , van ‘t Hag Leonie , Batchelor Warren 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCellulose and lignin have been widely studied to develop a bio‐based alternative to replace fossil‐based packaging materials and coatings. Lignin can be used to improve the water vapor barrier properties of cellulose‐based sheets due to its hydrophobicity. In this study, composite sheets based on cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and lignin are formed via spray deposition the effects of lignin particle size and concentration on the properties of the composite sheets are investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy with infrared spectroscopy analysis show that lignin nanoparticles (LNPs, particle diameter <100 nm) migrate to the top surface during drying to form a dense layer. The water vapor permeability of the sheet including LNPs is reduced to 4.5 × 10−11 g·s−1·m−1·Pa−1, which is ≈20% lower than the value for CNF alone. This improvement is related to the dense LNP layer on the top surface. Water contact angle measurements indicate that the layer of LNPs also increases the surface hydrophobicity. Overall, this study provides a simple process to produce a fully bio‐based option for packaging material with enhanced water vapor barrier properties and surface hydrophobicity.
Generalized Huygens' Condition as the Fulcrum of Planar Nonlocal Omnidirectional Transparency: From Meta‐Atoms to Metasurfaces
Authors: Shaham Amit , Epstein Ariel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFresnel reflection has been known for centuries to fundamentally impede efficient transmittance across planar interfaces, especially at grazing incidence. In this work, the generalized Huygens' condition (GHC) is introduced to resolve such intricacies in metasurface (MS) designs and allow omnidirectional transparency. Compared to common numerical metamaterial approaches, the analytical framework herein yields surprisingly simple closed‐form conditions, carefully leveraging the natural nonlocal mechanisms endowed in planar electromagnetic structures. At the meta‐atom level, the GHC is met by balancing traditional tangential susceptibilities of Huygens' MSs with their unconventional normal counterparts; the latter facilitates the key requisite of vanishing backscattering at the challenging grazing incidence scenario. At the MS level, this central insight is sheerly utilized to engineer realistic all‐angle transparent printed‐circuit‐board (PCB) cascaded admittance sheets. Thoroughly validated in simulation and experiment, this universal GHC demonstrates a resourceful venue for practical implementation of advanced nonlocal devices, e.g., flat optical components, optical analog computers, and spaceplates.
Communicating the use of artificial intelligence in agricultural and environmental research
Authors: Daigh Aaron Lee M. , Daroub Samira H. , Kyveryga Peter M. , Sorrells Mark E. , Rajan Nithya , Ippolito James A. , Kailer Endy , Booth Christine S. , Acharya Umesh , Ghimire Deepak , Das Saurav , Maharjan Bijesh , Ge Yufeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransformative technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) make difficult tasks more accessible and convenient. Since 2018, the use of AI in research has increased drastically, with annual publication rates of 3–5 times higher than pre‐2017. Currently, >100,000 manuscripts using AI are published annually within science and engineering, and >20,000 of these belong to the agricultural and environmental fields. Given the magnitude of use, clear communication on how AI is used and how it helps advance scientific knowledge is essential. Clear communication is perhaps more necessary with AI than previous technologies due to its broad and flexible spectrum of uses, the “black‐box” nature of deep‐learning algorithms, and ongoing debates regarding AI's predictive power versus knowledge of first‐principles mechanistic and process‐based theories and models. In this commentary, we provide guidelines and discussion points to the scientific community to ensure transparent and effective communication of AI research in agricultural and environmental research publications.
Impact of split nitrogen applications on nitrate leaching and maize yield in irrigated loamy sand soils of Northeast Nebraska
Authors: Singh Arshdeep , Rudnick Daran , Snow Daniel D. , Proctor Christopher , Puntel Laila , Iqbal Javed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLittle information is available on optimizing the number of nitrogen (N) splits based on nitrate (NO3‐N) leaching and maize yield in sandy soils. To address this gap, we evaluated the impact of multiple N splits (2‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐N splits) on NO3‐N leaching and maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield in irrigated loamy sand soil at a producer site in the Bazile Groundwater Management Area of Northeast Nebraska. Porous suction cup lysimeters were installed at a depth of 120 cm to collect pore water samples from 23 leaching events in 2021, a dry year. Increasing the number of N‐splits did not affect the pore‐water NO3‐N concentration; however, it was 169%, 152%, 150%, and 129% higher in 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐N split treatments compared to control, that is, without N application. Though the 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐N splits had 110%, 71%, 120%, and 91% higher area‐based NO3‐N leaching than the control, less deep percolation and more evapotranspiration in control led to no significant differences in area‐based NO3‐N leaching among all treatments. All N‐splits resulted in higher maize yield, nitrogen use efficiency, plant N uptake, harvest index, and aboveground biomass than control; however, the number of N‐splits did not affect these parameters. The inclusion of environmental cost reduced the return to nitrogen by 92–143 $ ha−1 across all N‐split treatments but did not significantly affect the differences among the splits. Overall, the results indicate that increasing the number of N‐splits does not provide agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits in irrigated maize fields during a dry year.
Ladder‐Type Redox‐Active Polymer Achieves Ultra‐Stable and Fast Proton Storage in Aqueous Proton Batteries
Authors: He Jing , Shi Minjie , Wang Houxiang , Liu He , Yang Jun , Yan Chao , Zhao Jingxin , Yang Jia‐Lin , Wu Xing‐Long 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA ladder‐type rigid‐coplanar polymer with highly ordered molecular arrangement has been designed via a covalent cycloconjugation conformational strategy. Benefitting from the extended π‐electron delocalization in the highly aromatic ladder‐type polymeric backbone, the prepared polymer exhibits fast intra‐chain charge transport along the polymeric chain, realizing extraordinary proton‐storage capability in aqueous proton batteries.Affordable and safe aqueous proton batteries (APBs) with unique “Grotthuss mechanism,” are very significant for advancing carbon neutrality initiatives. While organic polymers offer a robust and adaptable framework that is well‐suited for APB electrodes, the limited proton‐storage redox capacity has constrained their broader application. Herein, a ladder‐type polymer (PNMZ) has been designed via a covalent cycloconjugation conformational strategy that exhibits optimized electronic structure and fast intra‐chain charge transport within the high‐aromaticity polymeric skeleton. As a result, the polymer exhibits exceptional proton‐storage redox kinetics, which are evidenced by in‐operando monitoring techniques and theoretical calculations. It achieves a remarkable proton‐storage capacity of 189 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 and excellent long‐term cycling stability, with approximately 97.8 % capacity retention over 10,000 cycles. Finally, a high‐performance all‐polymer APB device has been successfully constructed with a desirable capacity retention of 99.7 % after 6,000 cycles and high energy density of 56.3 Wh kg−1.
Small, Fluorinated Mn2+ Chelate as an Efficient 1H and 19F MRI Probe
Authors: Garda Zoltán , Szeremeta Frédéric , Quin Océane , Molnár Enikő , Váradi Balázs , Clémençon Rudy , Même Sandra , Pichon Chantal , Tircsó Gyula , Tóth Éva 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe explore the potential of fluorine‐containing small Mn2+ chelates as alternatives to perfluorinated nanoparticles, widely used as 19F MRI probes. In MnL1, the cyclohexanediamine skeleton and two piperidine rings, involving each a metal‐coordinating amide group and an appended CF3 moiety, provide high rigidity to the complex. This allows for good control of the Mn−F distance (rMnF=8.2±0.2 Å determined from 19F relaxation data), as well as for high kinetic inertness (a dissociation half‐life of 1285 h is estimated for physiological conditions). The paramagnetic Mn2+ leads to a ~150‐fold acceleration of the longitudinal 19F relaxation, with moderate line‐broadening effect, resulting in T2/T1 ratios of 0.8 (9.4 T). Owing to its inner sphere water molecule, MnL1 is a good 1H relaxation agent as well (r1=5.36 mM−1 s−1 at 298 K, 20 MHz). MnL1 could be readily visualized in 19F MRI by using fast acquisition techniques, both in phantom images and living mice following intramuscular injection, with remarkable signal‐to‐noise ratios and short acquisition times. While applications in targeted imaging or cell therapy monitoring require further optimisation of the molecular structure, these results argue for the potential of such small, monohydrated and fluorinated Mn2+ complexes for combined 19F and 1H MRI detection.
Anatomy outreach: A conceptual model of shared purposes and processes
Authors: Dueñas Angelique N. , Tiffin Paul A. , Finn Gabrielle M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnatomy outreach is a well‐documented practice by many academic institutions, defined here as when anatomy‐related services are provided to external communities. However, most of the current literature on this topic is largely descriptive, focusing on the ‘what’ of anatomy‐related outreach, rather than the generalizable ‘why’ or ‘how’. There exists no shared conceptual model of what anatomy outreach tries to achieve from the perspective of ‘outreachers’, and how anatomists support these goals. Thus, this study aimed to explore the comprehension of anatomy outreach as a social phenomenon in the anatomy education community. This qualitative research used constructivist grounded theory to explore the perspectives of anatomists with experience facilitating anatomy outreach. A total of 18 participants completed semi‐structured interviews. Analysis resulted in the construction of nine broad categories of themes relating to anatomy outreach: types of outreach, specific activities, goals of outreach, subject benefit (why anatomy?), enablers, challenges, appraisal, motivators/drivers, and community perspectives from the immediate anatomy community and wider field (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and health professions education (HPE)). These results were constructed into a conceptual model of anatomy outreach. The findings suggest that anatomists view the subject matter as a socially connecting experience that can engage a wide variety of individuals. The multimodal nature of anatomy, combined with teaching expertise, lends well to productive outreach. Most ‘outreachers’ do not have a strong understanding of the impact of their activities, however, and operate on a level of optimism that activities will support diversity, belonging, and health/anatomical literacy.
A New High‐Performance Porous Carbon‐Coated Mn3O4/Na2CO3 Cathode for Suppressing Mn2+Dissolution in Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Pan Guangxing , Hu Yuanyuan , Wang Zhenyuan , Li Hao , Wu Dong , Zhang Ling , Zhang Jiaheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractManganous‐manganic oxide (Mn3O4), akin to other manganese‐based oxides, faces several critical challenges such as substantial capacity fading and limited rate performance due to its inferior electrical conductivity, in addition to the inevitable dissociation of Mn2+. To address these issues, we introduce for the first time a novel carbon‐coated Mn3O4/Na2CO3 (Mn3O4/Na2CO3/C) composite material. Comprehensive characterizations indicate that Na2CO3 effectively curtails Mn2+dissolution, enhances carbon encapsulation throughout charging/discharging cycles, and exposes additional active sites on the Mn3O4/Na2CO3/C composite. Electrochemical assessments confirm that the Mn3O4/Na2CO3/C‐2 cathode exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance, outperforming other cathodes in the ZnSO4 system. Moreover, the Mn3O4/Na2CO3/C‐2 cathode delivers a high specific capacity of ~550 mAh gM−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and maintains a significant capacity of ~230 mAh g−1 after 360 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 within the 2.0 M ZnSO4+0.2 M MnSO4 electrolyte system, demonstrating its potential as a high‐performance cathode material for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Regioselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles via Interrupted Heyns Rearrangement Involving C−C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Altia Minakshi , Anbarasan Pazhamalai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA novel metal free, Brønsted acid mediated and operationally simple strategy has been developed for regioselective synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted indoles from α‐hydroxyketones and o‐aminoaryl ketones in excellent yields. The reaction proceeds via interrupted Heyns rearrangement through the generation of aminoenol intermediate followed by intramolecular trapping and aromatization with C−C bond cleavage and release of corresponding ester. The mechanism was further supported by the identification of ester in GCMS and reaction of cyclic α‐hydroxydimethylketal, which afforded ester tethered indole derivative.
Resource Constraints Lead to Biased Attention but Decrease Unethical Behavior
Authors: Børsting Caroline K. , Elbæk Christian T. , Mitkidis Panagiotis , Hochman Guy 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTSubjective experiences of resource scarcity can make individuals short‐term oriented, capture attention, and trigger feelings of unfairness. However, the impact of scarcity on information processing and ethical decision‐making remains poorly understood. This eye‐tracking study explored how acute financial scarcity affects selective information search and ethical decision‐making in an economic task with competing incentives (N = 60, 12,000 observations). Results revealed that participants experiencing financial scarcity displayed a strong attentional bias towards financially tempting information, although they ultimately did not behave more unethically. These findings might reveal a “moral boundary” dictating when attentional biases translate into decision‐making. Our results contribute to understanding how individuals in scarcity contexts process and prioritize information in ethical decision‐making, helping organizations and policymakers combat stereotypes surrounding resource‐deprived individuals, and design evidence‐based policy interventions promoting ethical behavior in financially scarce situations.
Firms' engagement with sustainable development goals (SDGs): A scoping review of empirical works
Authors: Urbieta Laida 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have emerged as a relevant framework for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at the firm level. Despite the recent proliferation of articles about firms' engagement with SDGs within a short span of time, empirical literature in this field is still in its early stages, and has not yet been organized. While a set of literature reviews have analyzed the impact of SDGs at the organizational or firm level, none have specifically focused on empirical works at the company level. To address this gap, this article aims to review the empirical studies on firms' engagement with SDGs. A total number of 29 studies published in the 2015 to 2024 period were reviewed based on the scoping review methodology, in order to identify key concepts and research gaps. In terms of the primary focus of the studies examined, although a wide array of topics were explored in the early stage of the SDG literature, a notable theme emerged: the analysis of the determinants or factors driving companies to engage with SDGs. The article delves into the implications of the findings for managers, public policymakers and various stakeholders.
Early identification of severe immune checkpoint inhibitor associated myocarditis: From an electrocardiographic perspective
Authors: Gao Yongyin , Zhang Hongdian , Qiu Yanli , Bian Xueyan , Wang Xue , Li Yue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐associated myocarditis, particularly severe ICI‐associated myocarditis, has a high mortality rate. However, the predictive value of electrocardiogram (ECG) remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of clinical and electrocardiographic parameters for severe myocarditis.MethodsClinical and electrocardiographic data of 73 cancer patients with ICI‐associated myocarditis were retrospectively collected. The severity of ICI‐associated myocarditis was graded using the NCCN guidelines for managing immunotherapy‐related toxicities. Myocarditis grades 1–2 and grades 3–4 were classified as mild and severe myocarditis, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the predictive value of each parameter in predicting severe myocarditis.ResultsAmong the 73 patients with myocarditis, 20 (27.4%) patients had severe myocarditis. Compared with mild myocarditis group, sinus tachycardia (p = 0.001), QRS duration ≥110 ms (p = 0.001), prolonged QTc interval (p < 0.001), and bundle branch block (p = 0.007) at the time of myocarditis were more common in the severe myocarditis group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that sinus tachycardia (p = 0.028) and QTc interval prolongation (p = 0.007) were predictors of severe myocarditis. Whereas the predictive value of other electrocardiographic parameters was weak. Concurrent targeted therapy didn't increase the risk of severe myocarditis. A high NT‐proBNP level was associated with severe myocarditis.ConclusionsECG at the onset of myocarditis manifested as sinus tachycardia and prolonged QTc interval predicted a high risk of severe myocarditis. Early detection of ECG abnormalities may faciliate early detection of severe ICI‐associated myocarditis.