bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Post correspondence problem in groups
Authors: Myasnikov Alexei , Nikolaev Andrey , Ushakov Alexander 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We generalize the classical Post correspondence problem (𝐏𝐂𝐏
n
) and its non-homogeneous variation (𝐍𝐏𝐂𝐏
n
) to non-commutative groups and study the computational complexity of these new problems.
We observe that 𝐏𝐂𝐏
n
is closely related to the equalizer problem in groups, while 𝐍𝐏𝐂𝐏
n
is connected to the double twisted conjugacy problem for endomorphisms. Furthermore, it is shown that one of the strongest forms of the word problem in a group G (we call it the hereditary word problem) can be reduced to 𝐍𝐏𝐂𝐏
n
in G in polynomial time.
The main results are that 𝐏𝐂𝐏
n
is decidable in a finitely generated nilpotent group in polynomial time, while 𝐍𝐏𝐂𝐏
n
is undecidable in any group containing free non-abelian subgroups (though the argument is very different from the classical case of free semigroups). We show that the double endomorphism twisted conjugacy problem is undecidable in free groups of sufficiently large finite rank. We also consider the bounded 𝐏𝐂𝐏 and observe that it is in 𝐍𝐏 for any group with 𝐏-time decidable word problem, meanwhile it is 𝐍𝐏-hard in any group containing free non-abelian subgroups. In particular, the bounded 𝐏𝐂𝐏 is 𝐍𝐏-complete in non-elementary hyperbolic groups and non-abelian right angle Artin groups.
A PETTLEP Imagery Intervention with Young Athletes
Authors: Quinton Mary L. , Cumming Jennifer , Gray Rob , Geeson Joseph R. , Cooper Andrew , Crowley Hannah , Williams Sarah E. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The PETTLEP model of imagery (Holmes & Collins, 2001) was designed to produce more effective imagery. The PETTLEP acronym represents seven key elements (i.e., Physical, Environment, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion, and Perspective) which should be considered by researchers and practitioners when delivering an imagery intervention. It is thought that by including these elements the functional equivalence at the neural level between imagery and performance will be increased. A number of interventions have supported the use of PETTLEP imagery in improving performance of motor skills (e.g., Smith, Wright, Allsopp, & Westhead, 2007, 2008). To date, however, these PETTLEP interventions have mainly been applied to adult populations with very few conducted with children. The aim of the present study was to test the effects of a 5-week layered-PETTLEP intervention (i.e., adding PETTLEP elements progressively) on movement imagery ability and performance of a soccer task in children. A secondary aim was to examine the potential for a sport-specific nutritional intervention to serve as an effective control condition. Thirty-six children (34 male, 2 female, M age=9.72 years, SD
= 2.05) from a local futsal club were age matched and then randomly allocated to either a PETTLEP imagery intervention group or a nutrition control group. Pre-testing consisted of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire for Children and a dribbling and passing motor task. Post-test protocol was the same with the addition of a nutritional knowledge test. Despite the imagery intervention producing no significant improvements in imagery ability or motor task performance, there was a significant correlation at post-test for the imagery group between age and external visual (r=0.56, p<0.05) and kinesthetic imagery ability (r=0.57, p<0.05). Furthermore, the nutrition group scored significantly higher than the imagery group on the nutrition test (p<0.05). This study highlights important aspects that need to be considered when delivering PETTLEP imagery interventions to children. This study is also one of the first studies to show that control groups, especially with children, can be used for educational purposes. Similar control groups should be considered in future research, as it means interventions can not only be used in a practical manner to improve sporting performance but also to educate and improve knowledge.
Competing constructions for inalienable possession in the Vulgate Gospels: translator's choices and grammatical constraints
Authors: Gianollo Chiara 
Published: May 2014

AbstractI examine the use of a special genitive construction to express inalienable possession in the Greek New Testament, and the strategies to translate it in the Latin Vulgate. The survey reveals a clash between various faithfulness criteria in translation, and presents the different reactions of the Latin translator, showing how discrepancies arise in a domain where the grammatical resources of the two languages sharply differ.
Case marking in absolute constructions: further evidence for a semantically based alignment in Late Latin
Authors: Rovai Francesco 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe argument structure of the Latin clause normally patterns according to a nominative/accusative alignment, because – regardless of their semantic role – transitive and intransitive subjects are marked in the same way, as opposed to direct objects. A semantically based alignment is nevertheless attested in some domains of Latin grammar, overtly marking the semantic opposition between active/agentive and inactive/non-agentive arguments – regardless of their syntactic role. In Late Latin, this minor pattern results in the “extended accusative/restricted nominative,” a syntactico-semantic phenomenon that testifies to a re-alignment of the encoding of the argument structure in the transition from Latin to Romance. However, while there is direct evidence for the extension of the accusative, the parallel restriction of the nominative is not easy to prove, since a number of social and stylistic factors obscure the distribution of the different alignments in the late documents. New evidence for such a re-alignment may be probably drawn from some fluctuations of case marking in the
Clinical differences between early- and late-onset severe preeclampsia and analysis of predictors for perinatal outcome
Authors: Stubert Johannes , Ullmann Stefanie , Dieterich Max , Diedrich Doreen , Reimer Toralf 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Aims: To analyze the clinical differences between early- and late-onset cases of severe preeclampsia and to evaluate parameters that could help to predict perinatal outcome.

Methods: Over a period of 6 years, all cases of severe preeclampsia (n=68) at our institution were included in a retrospective cohort analysis. Differences between early (<34 weeks, n=44) and late (≥34 weeks, n=24) onset of the disease were evaluated. Risk factors for low 5-min Apgar score (≤7), small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants and neonatal acidosis (umbilical arterial pH <7.20) were identified and considered in a multiple logistic regression model.

Results: Early- and late-onset severe preeclampsia differed from each other remarkably. Perinatal outcome was unfavorable in early-onset disease and seemed to be mainly a result of premature delivery and development of fetal growth restriction. Abnormal uterine Doppler velocimetry increased the risk of low 5-min Apgar values [odds ratio (OR) 8.0, P=0.012] and preterm birth <34+0 weeks (OR 17.9, P<0.001). An increased resistance of the umbilical artery was associated with a higher risk for SGA birth weight (OR 4.9, P=0.010).

Conclusion: Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous syndrome even if only severe cases were analyzed. Abnormal Doppler flow characteristics facilitated the identification of patients who were at increased risk for worse perinatal outcome.
Emergency peripartum hysterectomy and risk factors by mode of delivery and obstetric history: a 10-year review from Helsinki University Central Hospital
Authors: Macharey Georg , Ulander Veli-Matti , Kostev Karel , Väisänen-Tommiska Mervi , Ziller Volker 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to estimate the occurrence of emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH) and to quantify its risk factors in connection with the mode of delivery and the obstetric history of patients at the Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.

Methods: In a retrospective, matched case-control study we identified 124 cases of EPH from 2000 to 2010 at our hospital. These were matched with 248 control patients.

Results: The incidence rate of EPH was 9.9/10,000. Patients whose current delivery was vaginal, and had a cesarean section (CS) in their history had a six-fold risk for EPH. Women who underwent their first CS had a nine times higher risk, while patients who currently underwent CS and had a history of previous CS, had a 22 times higher risk. Those who experienced prostaglandin-E1 induction had a five-fold risk. Maternal age >35 years, previous curettage, and twin pregnancy were identified as significant risk factors. In 41 cases, interventions to reduce bleeding were performed.

Conclusion: Obstetric emergency training and guidelines for massive hemorrhage should be established in any delivery department. Moreover, all possible precautions should be taken to avoid the first CS if it is obstetrically unnecessary. Induction with prostaglandin-E1, maternal age >35 years, previous curettage, twin pregnancies, and early gestation were identified as risk factors for EPH.
Regulations of Large-Scale Acquisitions of Land: The Case of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Land, Fisheries and Forests
Authors: Paoloni Lorenza , Onorati Antonio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article focuses on the recent international agreement now known as Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Land, Fisheries and Forests. The drafting process for this international agreement, achieved through a transparent consultation activity, started by FAO and finalized through intergovernmental negotiations led by CFS (Committee on World Food Security, a body of the U.N.), also including the participation of civil society organizations, international organizations, private sector representatives, academics and researchers. The engagement of rural social movements and other Civil Society Organizations in the negotiation process is an unprecedented effort in influencing governments to establish guidelines to gain greater access to land resources at the global scale. The Guidelines aim to promote food security and sustainable development by improving secure access to land, fisheries and forests, especially for small food producers, and protecting the legitimate tenure rights of millions of people against forms of grabbing, concentration, commodification and privatization of land which are shaping agrarian systems. They have been elaborated on the basis of human rights and in respect of local communities rights. From a strictly legal point of view, the Guidelines are not mandatory and hence they are not a source of legally binding effects for every single State. They do not derive from a formal legislative proceeding, and they are the result of a consultation and negotiation process coming from the bottom. Every State and international organization is called on to guarantee the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the Guidelines. The authors contend, with critical arguments, that the process of consultation and negotiation that led to the endorsement of the Guidelines is quite relevant – in the current context of the large-scale land acquisitions – and very significant because it involved civil society and social movements, giving rise to an innovative instrument of soft law.
A numerical algorithm for fully nonlinear HJB equations:
An approach by control randomization
Authors: Kharroubi Idris , Langrené Nicolas , Pham Huyên 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.
We propose a probabilistic numerical algorithm to solve Backward Stochastic
Differential Equations (BSDEs) with nonnegative jumps, a class of BSDEs introduced in [`Feynman–Kac representation for Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman IPDE', Ann. Probab., to
appear] for representing fully nonlinear
HJB equations. This includes in particular numerical resolution for stochastic
control problems with controlled volatility, possibly degenerate. Our backward scheme, based on least-squares regressions, takes advantage of high-dimensional properties of Monte Carlo methods, and also provides a parametric estimate in feedback form for the optimal control.
A partial analysis of the algorithm error is presented, as well as numerical tests on the
problem of option superreplication with uncertain volatilities and/or correlations, including a detailed comparison with the numerical
results from the alternative scheme proposed in [J. Comput. Finance 14 (2011), 37–71].
Plasmonic gas and chemical sensing
Authors: Tittl Andreas , Giessen Harald , Liu Na 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSensitive and robust detection of gases and chemical reactions constitutes a cornerstone of scientific research and key industrial applications. In an effort to reach progressively smaller reagent concentrations and sensing volumes, optical sensor technology has experienced a paradigm shift from extended thin-film systems towards engineered nanoscale devices. In this size regime, plasmonic particles and nanostructures provide an ideal toolkit for the realization of novel sensing concepts. This is due to their unique ability to simultaneously focus light into subwavelength hotspots of the electromagnetic field and to transmit minute changes of the local environment back into the farfield as a modulation of their optical response. Since the basic building blocks of a plasmonic system are commonly noble metal nanoparticles or nanostructures, plasmonics can easily be integrated with a plethora of chemically or catalytically active materials and compounds to investigate processes ranging from hydrogen absorption in palladium to the detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT). In this review, we will discuss a multitude of plasmonic sensing strategies, spanning the technological scale from simple plasmonic particles embedded in extended thin films to highly engineered complex plasmonic nanostructures. Due to their flexibility and excellent sensing performance, plasmonic structures may open an exciting pathway towards the detection of chemical and catalytic events down to the single molecule level.
Crystal structure of (2,2ʹ-bipyrimidine-κ2N,Nʹ)dibromidopalladium(II), C8H6Br2N4Pd
Authors: Ha Kwang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract C8H6Br2N4Pd, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.1117(6) Å, b = 14.786(2) Å, c = 14.208(2) Å, β = 92.829(2)°, V = 1072.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0263, wRref(F2) = 0.0652, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of (2,2ʹ-bipyrimidine-κ2N,Nʹ)tetrachloridoplatinum(IV) acetone hemisolvate, C9.50H9Cl4N4O0.50Pt
Authors: Ha Kwang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract C9.50H9Cl4N4O0.50Pt, orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a = 17.708(2) Å, b = 12.974(1) Å, c = 12.363(1) Å, V = 2840.4 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0249, wRref(F2) = 0.0591, T = 200 K.
Recent investigations of bioactive natural products from endophytic, marine-derived, insect pathogenic fungi and Thai medicinal plants
Authors: Mahidol Chulabhorn , Kittakoop Prasat , Prachyawarakorn Vilailak , Pailee Phanruethai , Prawat Hunsa , Ruchirawat Somsak 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLiving organisms in Thailand are very diverse due to the unique geographical location of Thailand. The diversity of Thai bioresources has proven to be a rich source of biologically active compounds. The present review covers bioactive substances from Thai endophytic, marine-derived, insect pathogenic fungi and medicinal plants. Many new compounds isolated from Thai bioresources have diverse skeletons belonging to various classes of natural products. These compounds exhibited an array of biological activities, and some are of pharmaceutical interest. Bioactive compounds from Thai bioresources have not only attracted organic chemists to develop strategies for total synthesis, but also attracted (chemical) biologists to investigate the mechanisms of action. The chemistry and biology of some selected compounds are also discussed in this review.
The energy landscape concept and its implications for synthesis planning
Authors: Jansen Martin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSynthesis of novel solids, in a chemical sense, is one of the spearheads of innovation in materials research. However, such an undertaking is substantially impaired by lack of control and predictability. We present a concept that points the way towards rational planning of syntheses in solid state and materials chemistry. The foundation of our approach is the representation of the whole material world, i.e., the known and not-yet-known chemical compounds, on an energy landscape, which implies information about the free energies of these configurations. From this it follows at once that all chemical compounds capable of existence (both thermodynamically stable and metastable ones) are already present in virtuo in this landscape. For the first step of synthesis planning, i.e., the identification of candidates that are capable of existence, we computationally search the respective potential energy landscapes for (meta)stable structure candidates. Recently we have extended our techniques to finite temperatures and pressures and calculated phase diagrams, including metastable manifestations of matter, without resorting to any experimental pre-information. The conception developed is physically consistent, and its feasibility has been proven. Applying appropriate experimental tools has enabled us to realize, e.g., elusive Na3N, including almost all of its predicted polymorphs, many years after the predictions were published.
Interstitial laser irradiation of cerebral gliomas – neurobiological background, technique and typical results
Authors: von Tempelhoff Wernholt , Ulrich Frank , Schwarzmaier Hans-Joachim 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground:The most common type of primary brain tumors are gliomas. For patients unsuitable for open microsurgery having been treated by radiochemotherapy, laser irradiation has proven to be an alternative palliative option. From summer 1997 until winter 2006 we performed about 60 laser-interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) treatments, starting with patients with large recurrent tumors who had no other therapeutic option. In the present article we report about the neurobiological background, the technique and our experience with LITT of cerebral gliomas.Materials and method:For laser irradiation we used a specially designed light guide (LITT standard applicator; Trumpf Medizintechnik, Umkirch, Germany). The tip of this light guide is a special optical diffuser which is characterized by a homogeneous spherical or ellipsoid emission profile. The light guide was introduced into an appropriate protective sheath (Somatex, Teltow, Germany). For the laser light source, we used a continuous wave 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser (mediLas fibertom 4060 N; Dornier MedTech, Weßling, Germany). Laser irradiation was performed under general anesthesia in a 0.5 T open configuration magnetic resonance (MR) system (Signa SP; General Electric, Milwaukee, WI, USA). Usually, the tip of the light guide was positioned in the center of the tumor using the built-in localization system (Flashpoint 3000; IGT, Boulder, CO, USA) in combination, where appropriate, with a specially designed navigation system (Localite™, Bonn, Germany). The position of the light guide was then controlled using multiplanar reconstructions of T1-weighted sequences. For near real-time control, temperature monitoring was performed using an experimental software package based on the temperature-dependent shift of the MR signal. Laser irradiation was ceased when the temperature monitoring revealed a steady state temperature profile within the heated tissue. Since 2008 we have used traditional stereotactic targeting and methionine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (MET-PET/CT) instead of the ‘open’ MR system for planning and follow-up in LITT of brain tumors.Results:We started the LITT treatment of gliomas in the early 1990s (benign gliomas in eloquent regions/not suitable for surgery). In 1997 we started to treat patients with recurrent gliobastomas/anaplastic gliomas. All of these patients had an increased survival in comparison to the natural course of recurrent glioblastomas. There were no procedure-related deaths or permanent neurological deficits. Two factors seem to be important for the overall success of the LITT procedure: 1) an early enrollment in the LITT therapy after diagnosis of a tumor recurrence, and 2) a corresponding smaller tumor mass at the beginning of the therapy.Conclusion:Cytoreduction by laser irradiation seems to be a promising option for patients suffering from gliomas.
Phase equilibria modeling of polystyrene/solvent mixtures using an artificial neural network and cubic equations of state
Authors: Karimi Hajir , Yousefi Fakhri , Ahmadloo Ebrahim , Dastranj Jamaledin 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) of polymer/solvent solutions is a topic of importance because of several areas of applications, including the designing of process equipment. Theoretical and thermodynamic models are reported in the literature for the estimation of VLE. However, up until now, the simultaneous representation of VLE and pressure-volume-temperature data is not satisfactory enough with respect to experimental accuracies. New models are therefore highly required. In the present study, a hybrid model including artificial neural networks (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) were applied to estimating the VLE data of seven binary polystyrene (PS)/solvents. The ranges of variables used were 283.15–343.15 K and 0.105–7.46 MPa. The VLE data of these systems were taken from the literature. The net was trained, validated and tested with randomly 65% (108 data points), 10% (17 data points) and the 25% (42 data points), respectively. The mean deviations from the experimental data were determined for the model. The ability of the proposed model was compared with cubic equations of state (CEOS). It was observed that the data found by the ANN model was in excellent agreement with the experimental data, while the CEOS models showed more deviations, particularly at low pressures. In fact, the ANN model can be treated as a powerful technique for VLE data prediction in a fast and reliable way compared with the conventional thermodynamic models.
Sequestration of uranium on fabricated aluminum co-precipitated with goethite (Al-FeOOH)
Authors: Sun Yubing , Yang Shubin , Wang Qi , Alsaedi Ahmad , Wang Xiangke 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Aluminum co-precipitated with goethites (Al-FeOOHs) are ubiquitous
within (sub)-surface environments, which are considered one of the
most important sinks for radionuclide pollution
management. Accordingly, various mole ratios Al-FeOOH were synthesized
and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, specific surface area and
potentiometric acid-base titration. According to XRD and TEM images,
the morphology of Al-FeOOH was transformed from acicular-like goethite
to cotton-like gibbsite with increasing Al content. The adsorption and
sequential desorption of U(VI) on Al-FeOOHs were conducted by batch
techniques under N2 conditions. The batch adsorption results
showed that the adsorption of U(VI) on Al-FeOOHs slightly increased at
pH < 4.0, then the significant increase of U(VI) adsorption was
observed at pH from 4.0 to 7.0, whereas the suppressed adsorption at
pH > 8.0 was due to the electrostatic repulsion between negative
charge surface and negative carbonato-complexes. The adsorption of
U(VI) on Al-FeOOHs was independent of ionic strength at pH > 5.0,
indicating that the inner-sphere surface complexation predominated
their adsorption behaviors, whereas U(VI) adsorption on Al-FeOOH could
be the outer-sphere surface/cation exchange reaction. The sequential
extraction texts showed that the desorption of U(VI) from Al-FeOOHs
decreased with increasing Al content. These findings highlighted the
effect of Al content on the sequestration and immobilization of U(VI)
onto Al-FeOOHs from (sub)-surface environments in pollution
management.