bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate influenza vaccine effectiveness with variable effectiveness by match between circulating and vaccine strains in Australian adults aged 20–64 years, 2007–2011
Authors: Kelly Heath A. , Sullivan Sheena G. , Grant Kristina A. , Fielding James E. 
Published: October 2012

Please cite this paper as: Kelly et al. Moderate influenza vaccine effectiveness with variable effectiveness by match between circulating and vaccine strains in Australian adults aged 20–64 years, 2007–2011. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI:10.1111/irv.12018.Background  Influenza vaccines are licensed annually based on immunogenicity studies. We used five sequential years of data to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE), the critical outcome in the field.Methods  Between 2007 and 2011, we performed annual prospective test‐negative design case–control studies among adults aged 20–64 years recruited from sentinel general practices in the Australian state of Victoria. We used PCR‐confirmed influenza as the endpoint to estimate influenza VE for all years. We compared annual VE estimates with the match between circulating and vaccine strains, determined by haemagglutination inhibition assays.Results  The adjusted VE estimate for all years (excluding 2009) was 62% (95% CI 43, 75). By type and subtype, the point estimates of VE by year ranged between 31% for seasonal influenza A(H1N1) and 88% for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. In 2007, when circulating strains were assessed as incompletely matched, the point estimate of the adjusted VE against all influenza was 58%. The point estimate was 59% in 2011 when all strains were assessed as well matched.Conclusion  Trivalent inactivated vaccines provided moderate protection against laboratory‐confirmed influenza in adults of working age, although VE estimates were sensitive to the model used. VE estimates correlated poorly with circulating strain match, as assessed by haemagglutination inhibition assays, suggesting a need for VE studies that incorporate antigenic characterization data.
Characteristics of respiratory viral infections during influenza season in Canadian Hutterite Communities
Authors: Kim Tae H. , Russell Margaret L. , Fonseca Kevin , Aoki Fred , Horsman Gregory , Van Caeseele Paul , Chokani Khami , Voight Mark , Babiuk Lorne , Moss Lorraine , Webby Richard , Earn David J. D. , Singh Pardeep , Howse Cassandra , Loeb Mark 
Published: October 2012

Please cite this paper as: Kim et al. (2012) Characteristics of respiratory viral infections during influenza season in Canadian Hutterite Communities. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI:10.1111/irv.12021.Objectives:  To determined the pathogen‐specific incidence of respiratory virus infection in Hutterite communities occurring over the 2008–2009 influenza season and assess temporal characteristics of respiratory illness related to infection.Methods:  3273 participants community members enrolled in a cluster randomized trial of influenza vaccine were studied.Results:  One hundred forty‐nine participants had laboratory‐confirmed influenza, and 595 had at least one episode of laboratory‐confirmed respiratory viral infection other than influenza. Entero/rhinovirus had the highest incidence among children <5 years.Conclusions:  A decline in the incidence of infections with age was observed for influenza as well as for most other respiratory viruses.
A likelihood framework analysis of an island radiation: phylogeography of the Lesser Antillean geckoSphaerodactylus vincenti, in comparison with the anoleAnolis roquet
Authors: Surget‐Groba Yann , Thorpe Roger S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTheWestIndies have hosted several spectacular radiations, including that of the litter geckos of the genusSphaerodactylus. We analyse the phylogeography of theSphaerodactylus vincenticomplex and explore the possibility that there may be cryptic species to be revealed. Postulated colonization routes in this complex are estimated and compared with those of co‐distributed lizards (theAnolis roquetcomplex).LocationLesser Antilles.MethodsPhylogenetic relationships (gene trees) were estimated using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis of the cytochromebsequence [mitochondrialDNA(mtDNA)] obtained from 53 individuals sampled inDominica,Martinique,StVincent,Bequia andMustique. TheBayesian relaxed‐clock method was used to estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor and a likelihood framework analysis was employed to probabilistically estimate the geographic origin of the main clades of theS. vincenticomplex. These methods were repeated on the co‐distributed species complex ofA. roquet, and their timing and colonization routes were compared.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis of mtDNAof theS. vincenticomplex in theLesserAntilles reveals a deep split between the northern (northMartinique andDominica) and southern (southMartinique,StVincent,Grenadines and possiblyStLucia) clades with about 22% mean divergence. Together with geological information, these results suggest that Martinique is occupied by populations that began evolving in allopatry 12.5 million years ago, and which came into secondary contact once precursor islands coalesced to produce present‐day Martinique.Main conclusionsWe regard the two main forms ofSphaerodactylusas separate species based on their substantial mtDNAdivergence and largely diagnostic scapula ocelli (present in the north, but largely absent in the south). Although there are similarities in the precursor islands occupied by theAnolisandSphaerodactylusspecies, their colonization sequence is different, probably due to the stochastic nature of the long‐distance dispersal involved in island colonization.
Divergent evolution in the polymorphic granular poison‐dart frog, Oophaga granulifera: genetics, coloration, advertisement calls and morphology
Authors: Brusa Oscar , Bellati Adriana , Meuche Ivonne , Mundy Nicholas I. , Pröhl Heike 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTo investigate the intra‐specific genetic divergence and phenotypic diversification in Oophaga granulifera, analysing phylogeographical patterns, population structure, coloration and traits potentially involved in reproductive isolation.LocationCosta Rica.MethodsOur phylogeographical analysis used the mitochondrial genes cytochrome b and 16S. We sequenced the two markers in 28 individuals belonging to 10 populations and 16 individuals from nine populations, respectively. The population structure was analysed based on seven polymorphic microsatellite loci in 7–15 individuals from 11 populations using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The colour phenotypes of 189 frogs and the reflectance spectra of 15 frogs from five populations were measured. In nine populations, we recorded the advertisement calls of 59 males and measured 10 morphological variables from 147 frogs.ResultsOur phylogeographical reconstruction supported the divergence into southern and northern lineages in O. granulifera. In a colour transition area between the main red and green morphs, we describe novel gradual intermediate phenotypes occurring in polymorphic populations. The colour distribution was asymmetrical compared to the genetic variation: the southern lineage included only monomorphic red populations while the northern lineage contained red, green and polymorphic populations. The two lineages differed significantly in advertisement calls and morphology. Microsatellites confirmed the clear inter‐lineage divergence. In the northern lineage, the red morph differed from the intermediate and green morphs in the pulse rate of the advertisement call and in body size. In the colour transition area, there was no simple genetic or colour cline.Main conclusionsOophaga granulifera has evolved into two genetic lineages. The reduced gene flow and diversification in advertisement calls and morphology point to reproductive isolation between lineages. Within the northern lineage, the presence of gradual intermediate morphs and the population structure support the presence of gene flow across the colour transition area while the red versus intermediate–green divergence in both calls and morphology reveals the potential for assortative mating. Our data all congruently show that O. granulifera presents deep intra‐specific divergence. The lack of genetic diversification among colour morphs and the genetic connectivity among the populations defining the colour transition area suggest that the colour diversification in the species is a recent phenomenon.
A flexible microrobotic platform for handling microscale specimens of fibrous materials for microscopic studies
Authors: SAKETI P. , VON ESSEN M. , MIKCZINSKI M. , HEINEMANN S. , FATIKOW S. , KALLIO P. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryOne of the most challenging issues faced in handling specimens for microscopy, is avoiding artefacts and structural changes in the samples caused by human errors. In addition, specimen handling is a laborious and time‐consuming task and requires skilful and experienced personnel. This paper introduces a flexible microrobotic platform for the handling of microscale specimens of fibrous materials for various microscopic studies such as scanning electron microscopy and nanotomography. The platform is capable of handling various fibres with diameters ranging from 10 to 1000 μm and lengths of 100 μm–15 mm, and mounting them on different types of specimen holders without damaging them. This tele‐operated microrobotic platform minimizes human interaction with the samples, which is one of the main sources contributory to introducing artefacts into the specimens. The platform also grants a higher throughput and an improved success rate of specimen handling, when compared to the manual processes. The operator does not need extensive experience of microscale manipulation and only a short training period is sufficient to operate the platform. The requirement of easy configurability for various samples and sample holders is typical in the research and development of materials in this field. Therefore, one of the main criteria for the design of the microrobotic platform was the ability to adapt the platform to different specimen handling methods required for microscopic studies. To demonstrate this, three experiments are carried out using the microrobotic platform. In the first experiment, individual paper fibres are mounted successfully on scanning electron microscopy specimen holders for the in situ scanning electron microscopy diagonal compression test of paper fibres. The performance of the microrobotic platform is compared with a skilled laboratory worker performing the same experiment. In the second experiment, a strand of human hair and an individual paper fibre bond are mounted on a specimen holder for nanotomography studies. In the third experiment, individual paper fibre bonds with controlled crossing and vertical angles are made using the microrobotic platform. If an industrial application requires less flexibility but a higher speed when handling one type of sample to a specific holder, then the platform can be automated in the future.
α1D/A‐adrenoceptor antagonist naftopidil for the male lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Efficacy of dose increase therapy
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi , Osanai Hiroaki , Numata Atsushi , Watanabe Masaki , Kakizaki Hidehiro 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesTo examine the efficacy of dose increase therapy in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia who responded poorly to 50 mg/day of naftopidil.MethodsA total of 95 patients received 50 mg/day of naftopidil for 8 weeks. After this treatment period, they were divided into two groups: the poor responders were defined as those who either had an International Prostate Symptom Score‐Quality of Life ≥4 or with an International Prostate Symptom Score‐Quality of Life of 3 whose International Prostate Symptom Score‐Quality of Life improved <2 points (group A). All other patients were defined as responders to naftopidil 50 mg/day (group B). The dose of naftopidil was increased to 75 mg/day in group A, and maintained at 50 mg/day in group B. The treatment was continued for a further 8 weeks.ResultsThe prostate volume at the baseline was significantly larger in group A than group B. The improvement of International Prostate Symptom Score total score, International Prostate Symptom Score‐Quality of Life, and voided volume after 8 weeks was significantly better in group B than in group A. However, there was no significant difference in the changes of all parameters between the two groups after 16 weeks.ConclusionsA dose increase to 75 mg/day is an effective treatment strategy in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia who responded poorly to an initial dose of 50 mg/day of naftopidil. Furthermore, a starting dose of 75 mg/day should be considered in patients with a large prostate volume, as this is a predictive factor for dose increase.
Aphasia and topic initiation in conversation: a case study
Authors: Barnes Scott E. , Candlin Christopher N. , Ferguson Alison 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundAphasiologists often research, assess and treat linguistic impairment and its consequences for daily life separately. Studies that link the language used by people with aphasia to routine communicative activities may expand the linguistic forms treated as relevant for successful communication by people with aphasia. Previous research has suggested that initiating topics in conversation can be problematic for people with aphasia, but it has not been widely investigated.AimsThis paper uses Conversation Analysis to examine how a person with aphasia initiated topics in everyday conversation. It describes the utility ofand‐prefacing for topic initiation.Methods & ProceduresA person with chronic aphasia (‘Valerie’) was recruited to participate and was video‐recorded speaking with four conversation partners. Approximately 3.5 h of recordings were collected, and transcribed according to conversation analytic conventions. Topic initiations in this data set were identified and analysed using conversation analytic procedures.Outcomes & ResultsIt was found that topic initiations often led to trouble, and that Valerie recurrently usedand‐prefaced turns when initiating topics (e.g.and how was your turkey?). This paper argues thatand‐prefacing was an advantageous method for initiating topics because it smoothed the conversational discontinuities that this action creates.Conclusions & ImplicationsThese findings are consistent with previous observations about the hazardousness of topic initiation for people with aphasia. Valerie's use ofand‐prefacing suggests that conjunctions and other turn prefaces may be useful for promoting successful communication by people with aphasia during everyday conversation. Future investigation should identify if and how other people with aphasia use turn prefacing when initiating topics, and whether this changes over time.
Ordinary Objects and Series‐Style Answers to the Special Composition Question
Authors: Silva Paul 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe special composition question asks, roughly, under what conditions composition occurs. The common sense view is that composition only occurs among some things and that all and only ‘ordinary objects’ exist. Peter vanInwagen has marshaled a devastating argument against this view. The common sense view appears to commit one to giving what vanInwagen calls a ‘series‐style answer’ to the special composition question, but vanInwagen argues that series‐style answers are impossible because they are inconsistent with the transitivity of parthood. In what follows I answer this objection in addition to other, less troubling objections raised by vanInwagen.
Epistemic Contextualism: A Normative Approach
Authors: Mckenna Robin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn hisKnowledge andPracticalInterestsJasonStanley argues that the view he defends, which he calls interest‐relative invariantism, is better supported by certain cases than epistemic contextualism. In this article I argue that a version of epistemic contextualism that emphasizes the role played by the ascriber's practical interests in determining the truth‐conditions of her ‘knowledge’ ascriptions – a view that I call interests contextualism – is better supported byStanley's cases than interest‐relative invariantism or other versions of epistemic contextualism. My main aim is to show that interests contextualism is a viable, if often over‐looked, alternative to the usual positions in the contemporary debate.
The Value of Achievements
Authors: Bradford Gwen 
Published: October 2012

Abstract: This article gives an account of what makes achievements valuable. Although the natural thought is that achievements are valuable because of the product, such as a cure for cancer or a work of art, I argue that the value of the product of an achievement is not sufficient to account for its overall value. Rather, I argue that achievements are valuable in virtue of their difficulty. I propose a new perfectionist theory of value that acknowledges the will as a characteristic human capacity, and thus holds that the exercise of the will, and therefore difficulty, is intrinsically valuable.
Safety and the True–True Problem
Authors: Cogburn Jon , Roland Jeffrey W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractStandard accounts of semantics for counterfactuals confront the true–true problem: when the antecedent and consequent of a counterfactual are both actually true, the counterfactual is automatically true. This problem presents a challenge to safety‐based accounts of knowledge. In this paper, drawing on work by Angelika Kratzer, Alan Penczek, and Duncan Pritchard, we propose a revised understanding of semantics for counterfactuals utilizing machinery from generalized quantifier theory which enables safety theorists to meet the challenge of the true–true problem.
Modelling Occupational Stress and Employee Health and Wellbeing in a Chinese Higher Education Institution
Authors: Sang Xiaoli , Teo Stephen T.T. , Cooper Cary L. , Bohle Philip 
Published: October 2012

AbstractExtensive change is evident in higher education in the People's Republic of China but there have been few studies of the effect of work stress on wellbeing in the higher education sector. The main aim of this study is to test and refine the ASSET (‘An Organizational Stress Screening Tool’) model of occupational stress in a sample of 150 academic and non‐academic employees in a Chinese higher education institute. Using partial least squares modelling, the findings showed that job stressors predicted job dissatisfaction but, surprisingly, did not predict perceived commitment. Employees who reported job dissatisfaction tended to perceive that their organisation was less committed towards them and report less commitment towards the organisation. Job stressors resulted in poorer psychological wellbeing. Greater psychological wellbeing was associated with greater physical wellbeing. The findings suggest that university management should introduce strategies aimed at minimising job stressors as these would result in higher level of job satisfaction, higher level of commitment and ultimately resulted in an improvement in physical health.
Cold perception and gene expression differ in Olea europaea seed coat and embryo during drupe cold acclimation
Authors: D'Angeli S. , Falasca G. , Matteucci M. , Altamura M. M. 
Published: October 2012

Summary

FAD2 and FAD7 desaturases are involved in cold acclimation of olive (Olea europaea) mesocarp. There is no research information available on cold acclimation of seeds during mesocarp cold acclimation or on differences in the cold response of the seed coat and embryo. How FAD2 and FAD7 affect seed coat and embryo cold responses is unknown. Osmotin positively affects cold acclimation in olive tree vegetative organs, but its role in the seeds requires investigation.

OeFAD2.1, OeFAD2.2, OeFAD7 and Oeosmotin were investigated before and after mesocarp acclimation by transcriptomic, lipidomic and immunolabelling analyses, and cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) signalling, F‐actin changes and seed development were investigated by epifluorescence/histological analyses.

Transient [Ca2+]cyt rises and F‐actin disassembly were found in cold‐shocked protoplasts from the seed coat, but not from the embryo. The thickness of the outer endosperm cuticle increased during drupe exposure to lowering of temperature, whereas the embryo protoderm always lacked cuticle. OeFAD2 transcription increased in both the embryo and seed coat in the cold‐acclimated drupe, but linoleic acid (i.e. the product of FAD2 activity) increased solely in the seed coat. Osmotin was immunodetected in the seed coat and endosperm of the cold‐acclimated drupe, and not in the embryo.

The results show cold responsiveness in the seed coat and cold tolerance in the embryo. We propose a role for the seed coat in maintaining embryo cold tolerance by increasing endosperm cutinization through FAD2 and osmotin activities.
The role of C4 metabolism in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Haimovich‐Dayan Maya , Garfinkel Nitsan , Ewe Daniela , Marcus Yehouda , Gruber Ansgar , Wagner Heiko , Kroth Peter G. , Kaplan Aaron 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Diatoms are important players in the global carbon cycle. Their apparent photosynthetic affinity for ambient CO2 is much higher than that of ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), indicating that a CO2‐concentrating mechanism (CCM) is functioning. However, the nature of the CCM, a biophysical or a biochemical C4, remains elusive. Although 14C labeling experiments and presence of complete sets of genes for C4 metabolism in two diatoms supported the presence of C4, other data and predicted localization of the decarboxylating enzymes, away from Rubisco, makes this unlikely.

We used RNA‐interference to silence the single gene encoding pyruvate‐orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, essential for C4 metabolism, and examined the photosynthetic characteristics.

The mutants possess much lower ppdk transcript and PPDK activity but the photosynthetic K1/2 (CO2) was hardly affected, thus clearly indicating that the C4 route does not serve the purpose of raising the CO2 concentration in close proximity of Rubisco in P. tricornutum. The photosynthetic Vmax was slightly reduced in the mutant, possibly reflecting a metabolic constraint that also resulted in a larger lipid accumulation.

We propose that the C4 metabolism does not function in net CO2 fixation but helps the cells to dissipate excess light energy and in pH homeostasis.
Salivary alpha‐amylase changes promoted by sustained exposure to affective pictures
Authors: Sánchez‐Navarro Juan P. , Maldonado Enrique F. , Martínez‐Selva José M. , Enguix Alfredo , Ortiz Carmen 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe studied the changes in salivary alpha‐amylase (sAA) and other psychophysiological indices (heart rate, skin conductance, and corrugator supercilii activity) elicited by sustained exposure to affective pictures. Thirty‐nine subjects viewed five blocks of pictures depicting mutilations, human attack, neutral scenes, sport/adventure, and erotica. Each block comprised 12 pictures of the same content. Saliva samples were collected before and after each block of pictures. The results showed that mutilation pictures promoted the greatest increase in sAA activity and output, as well as greater corrugator supercilii activity than pleasant pictures. Skin conductance response did not differ among high arousal picture contents. Changes in sAA varied with the affective valence but not with the arousal ratings of the pictures. Our results point to sAA as an index directly related to the unpleasantness elicited by sustained exposure to affective stimuli.