bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrologic Versus Biogeochemical Control of Nutrient Dynamics in a Shallow Hypersaline Coastal Lagoon: Insight From a Coupled Hydrodynamic‐Water Quality Model
Authors: Huang Peisheng , Mosley Luke , Brookes Justin D. , Sims Claire , Waycott Michelle , Paraska Daniel , Zhai Sherry Y. , Hipsey Matthew R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractShallow coastal lagoons with restricted connection to the ocean are often productive but can also be sensitive to nutrient enrichment and hydrologic changes. Resolving nutrient dynamics is important for their sustainable management, yet being able to accurately resolve nutrient budgets has remained a challenge due to their complex hydrological regimes and habitat heterogeneity. In this study, we undertake a systematic nutrient budget of a large shallow hypersaline lagoon (Coorong, South Australia), with assistance of a high‐resolution coupled hydrodynamic‐biogeochemical model, to demonstrate the conditions that lead to nutrient retention. Under current conditions, high rates of evapo‐concentration and limited water connectivity have led to a persistent accumulation of nutrients and poor water quality in substantial areas of the lagoon. The interplay between hydrological drivers and biogeochemical processes was quantified using an adjusted Damköhler number, comparing the timescales of nutrient flushing versus processing. This showed a general transition from hydrologic control to biogeochemical control with increasing distance from the main ocean connection, modified by episodes of increased flows and external loads. Whilst water age was a useful indicator of the factors controlling rates of nutrient retention, interannual variability in retention between areas of the lagoon was explained based on river flows and changes in mean sea level. As the system has been affected by reduced flows over past decades, the results provide evidence that increasing river flow to the lagoon would reduce the nutrient retention, and we discuss the potential for net nutrient export to the ocean under sustained high flows.
Quantification of Nocturnal Water Use and Its Composition in a Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis Plantation on the Leizhou Peninsula, South China
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Du Apeng , Liu Siru , Xu Yuxing , Zhu Wankuan , Xiang Wenhua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNocturnal water use (Qnight) is an important component of the eucalyptus water budget, but it has always been under‐appreciated and poorly understood. To improve the accuracy of water balance estimates and the understanding of the nocturnal water use process in eucalypts plantations, we conducted a 3‐year study to investigate the characteristics of Qnight and its components in an E. urophylla × E. grandis plantation in southern China. The results showed that the Qnight of E. urophylla × E. grandis was substantial and the ratio of nocturnal to daily water use (Rnight) was on average 12.35%, with higher Rnight (14.97%) in the dry season than in the wet season (9.50%). The Qnight includes two components, nocturnal transpiration (Tn) and nocturnal refilling (Re), which are driven by different factors. Nocturnal Re‐Tn dynamics were controlled by a combination of nocturnal environmental factors that drive Tn and corresponding daytime environmental factors that drive daytime transpiration. Therefore, the compositional ratios of Tn and Re differed between weather conditions and months. We developed a novel method to distinguish between Re and Tn and quantified the dynamics of their ratios. We found that on a 3‐year average, the Qnight of E. urophylla × E. grandis was mainly used for Tn (58.63%). Our results highlight the non‐ignorability of Qnight and the high variability of the compositional ratios of Re and Tn, and suggest that Qnight and its components should be accurately quantified and considered when studying the water balance in eucalyptus stands.
SUPHRE: A Reactive Transport Model With Unsaturated and Density‐Dependent Flow
Authors: Luo Zhaoyang , Kong Jun , Shen Chengji , Barry D. A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough unsaturated and density‐dependent flow affect solute fate in groundwater, they are rarely both included in reactive transport models. Using the operator‐splitting method, a new reactive transport model (SUPHRE) was developed by combining a variable‐saturation and variable‐density multiple‐component solute transport model (SUTRA‐MS) with a geochemical reaction module (PhreeqcRM). In contrast to existing reactive transport models, SUPHRE accounts for both unsaturated and density‐dependent flow. Model setup for SUPHRE is convenient, as only one setup file is required in addition to the usual input files of SUTRA‐MS and PhreeqcRM. By further implementing a time‐variant boundary condition into SUTRA‐MS, SUPHRE can simulate multi‐component reactive transport in tidally influenced coastal unconfined aquifers where unsaturated and density‐dependent flow prevail. Two examples were used to validate the new reactive transport model, including single‐species decay and sorption within a one‐dimensional soil column and a four‐species decay chain in a two‐dimensional aquifer. Following validation, SUPHRE was adopted to reveal unsaturated flow effects on oxygen consumption and nitrate reduction in tidally influenced coastal unconfined aquifers. Whether for simulating oxygen consumption or nitrate reduction, there were visible deviations between numerical results without and with unsaturated flow, highlighting that unsaturated flow can affect reactive solute transport and transformation.
Alkali Trace Elements Observed by MarSCoDe LIBS at Zhurong Landing Site on Mars: Quantitative Analysis and Its Geological Implications
Authors: Luo Yuxuan , Liu Jianjun , Chen Zhaopeng , Zhang Yizhong , Wang Xing , Ren Xin , Liu Xiangfeng , Zhang Zhenqiang , Xu Weiming , Shu Rong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMars Surface Composition Detector (MarSCoDe) is one of the important payloads carried by the Zhurong rover, China's first Mars exploration mission Tianwen‐1. The laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument of MarSCoDe is mainly used to detect major and trace elements on the surface of Mars. The quantitative analysis of alkali trace elements, namely lithium (Li), strontium (Sr), and rubidium (Rb), holds significance in unraveling the geological evolution of the Zhurong landing site. This study focuses on establishing univariate calibration models using MarSCoDe LIBS spectra from 84 samples tested in the ground laboratory. The accuracy of these models, within a few parts per million (ppm), was subsequently validated through the analysis of 12 onboard MarSCoDe Calibration Targets (MCCTs). With these models, Li, Sr, and Rb concentrations in the surface targets during the initial 300 sols (Martian days) traverse were determined. These concentrations ranged from 6 to 18, 106–628, and 22–87 ppm, respectively. Our results suggest that Li, Sr, and Rb are mainly related to the igneous rock components in the rocks and soils at the Zhurong landing site. The major secondary minerals in MarSCoDe scientific targets are likely small amounts of sulfates, which appear to have formed from the acidic weathering of recent surface brine. Clay minerals are likely either absent or very sparse in the scientific targets. The surface igneous materials at the landing site likely have originated from the most recent lava flow during the Amazonian epoch.
Use of proton pump inhibitors after laparoscopic gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy: a nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Gormsen Johanne , Sanberg Jonas , Gögenur Ismail , Helgstrand Frederik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background/Objectives
L-RYGB and L-SG are the dominant bariatric procedures worldwide. While L-RYGB is an effective treatment of coexisting gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), L-SG is associated with an increased risk of de-novo or worsening of GERD. The study aimed to evaluate the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (L-RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (L-SG).

Subjects/Methods
This nationwide register-based study included all patients undergoing L-RYGB or L-SG in Denmark between 2008 and 2018. In total, 17,740 patients were included in the study, with 16,096 and 1671 undergoing L-RYGB and L-SG, respectively. The median follow up was 11 years after L-RYGB and 4 years after L-SG. Data were collected through Danish nationwide health registries. The development in PPI use was assessed through postoperative redeemed prescriptions. GERD development was defined by a relevant diagnosis code associated with gastroscopy, 24 h pH measurement, revisional surgery or anti-reflux surgery. The risk of initiation of PPI treatment or GERD diagnosis was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier plots and COX regression models. The risk of continuous PPI treatment was examined using logistic regression modeling.

Results
The risk of initiating PPI treatment was significantly higher after L-SG compared with L-RYGB (HR 7.06, 95% CI 6.42–7.77, p < 0.0001). The risk of continuous PPI treatment was likewise significantly higher after L-SG (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.36–1.54, p < 0.0001). The utilization of PPI consistently increased after both procedures. The risk of GERD diagnosis was also significantly higher after L-SG compared with L-RYGB (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.27–2.93, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The risk of initiating and continuing PPI treatment was significantly higher after L-SG compared with L-RYGB, and a continuous increase in the utilization of PPI was observed after both procedures.
Adverse fetal/neonatal and obstetric outcomes in pregnancies with both maternal and fetal heart disease
Authors: Fernandez-Campos Beatriz A. , Grewal Jasmine , Kiess Marla , Siu Samuel C. , Pfaller Birgit , Sermer Mathew , Mason Jennifer , Silversides Candice K. , Haberer Kim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate fetal/neonatal and obstetric events in pregnancies with both maternal and fetal heart disease.

Study design
From the CARPREG database, singleton pregnancies (>24 weeks) in patients with structural heart disease that underwent fetal/neonatal echocardiograms were selected and separated in two groups: maternal heart disease only (M-HD) and maternal and fetal heart disease (MF-HD). Differences in adverse fetal/neonatal (death, preterm birth, and small for gestational age) and obstetric (preeclampsia/eclampsia) outcomes between groups were analyzed.

Results
From 1011 pregnancies, 93 had MF-HD. Fetal/neonatal events (38.7% vs 25.3%, p = 0.006) and spontaneous preterm birth (10.8% vs 4.9%, p = 0.021) were more frequent in MF-HD compared to M-HD, with no difference in obstetric events. MF-HD remained as a significant predictor of fetal/neonatal events after adjustment (OR:1.883; 95% CI:1.182–3.000; p = 0.008).

Conclusions
Pregnancies with MF-HD are at risk of adverse fetal/neonatal events and spontaneous preterm birth. Larger studies are needed to determine their association with preeclampsia.
The genetic basis of divergent melanic pigmentation in benthic and limnetic threespine stickleback
Authors: Tapanes Elizabeth , Rennison Diana J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPigmentation is an excellent trait to examine patterns of evolutionary change because it is often under natural selection. Benthic and limnetic threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) exhibit distinct pigmentation phenotypes, likely an adaptation to occupation of divergent niches. The genetic architecture of pigmentation in vertebrates appears to be complex. Prior QTL mapping of threespine stickleback pigmentation phenotypes has identified several candidate loci. However—relative to other morphological phenotypes (e.g., spines or lateral plates)—the genetic architecture of threespine stickleback pigmentation remains understudied. Here, we performed QTL mapping for two melanic pigmentation traits (melanophore density and lateral barring) using benthic-limnetic F2 crosses. The two traits mapped to different chromosomes, suggesting a distinct genetic basis. The resulting QTLs were additive, but explained a relatively small fraction of the total variance (~6%). QTLs maps differed by F1 family, suggesting variation in genetic architecture or ability to detect loci of small effect. Functional analysis identified enriched pathways for candidate loci. Several of the resulting candidate loci for pigmentation, including three loci in enriched pathways (bco1, sulf1, and tyms) have been previously indicated to affect pigmentation in other vertebrates. These findings add to a growing body of evidence suggesting pigmentation is often polygenic.
Insights from EEG analysis of evoked memory recalls using deep learning for emotion charting
Authors: Dar Muhammad Najam , Akram Muhammad Usman , Subhani Ahmad Rauf , Khawaja Sajid Gul , Reyes-Aldasoro Constantino Carlos , Gul Sarah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAffect recognition in a real-world, less constrained environment is the principal prerequisite of the industrial-level usefulness of this technology. Monitoring the psychological profile using smart, wearable electroencephalogram (EEG) sensors during daily activities without external stimuli, such as memory-induced emotions, is a challenging research gap in emotion recognition. This paper proposed a deep learning framework for improved memory-induced emotion recognition leveraging a combination of 1D-CNN and LSTM as feature extractors integrated with an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) classifier. The proposed deep learning architecture, combined with the EEG preprocessing, such as the removal of the average baseline signal from each sample and extraction of EEG rhythms (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma), aims to capture repetitive and continuous patterns for memory-induced emotion recognition, underexplored with deep learning techniques. This work has analyzed EEG signals using a wearable, ultra-mobile sports cap while recalling autobiographical emotional memories evoked by affect-denoting words, with self-annotation on the scale of valence and arousal. With extensive experimentation using the same dataset, the proposed framework empirically outperforms existing techniques for the emerging area of memory-induced emotion recognition with an accuracy of 65.6%. The EEG rhythms analysis, such as delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma, achieved 65.5%, 52.1%, 65.1%, 64.6%, and 65.0% accuracies for classification with four quadrants of valence and arousal. These results underscore the significant advancement achieved by our proposed method for the real-world environment of memory-induced emotion recognition.
Revisiting the Heider and Simmel experiment for social meaning attribution in virtual reality
Authors: Marañes Carlos , Gutierrez Diego , Serrano Ana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn their seminal experiment in 1944, Heider and Simmel revealed that humans have a pronounced tendency to impose narrative meaning even in the presence of simple animations of geometric shapes. Despite the shapes having no discernible features or emotions, participants attributed strong social context, meaningful interactions, and even emotions to them. This experiment, run on traditional 2D displays has since had a significant impact on fields ranging from psychology to narrative storytelling. Virtual Reality (VR), on the other hand, offers a significantly new viewing paradigm, a fundamentally different type of experience with the potential to enhance presence, engagement and immersion. In this work, we explore and analyze to what extent the findings of the original experiment by Heider and Simmel carry over into a VR setting. We replicate such experiment in both traditional 2D displays and with a head mounted display (HMD) in VR, and use both subjective (questionnaire-based) and objective (eye-tracking) metrics to record the observers’ visual behavior. We perform a thorough analysis of this data, and propose novel metrics for assessing the observers’ visual behavior. Our questionnaire-based results suggest that participants who viewed the animation through a VR headset developed stronger emotional connections with the geometric shapes than those who viewed it on a traditional 2D screen. Additionally, the analysis of our eye-tracking data indicates that participants who watched the animation in VR exhibited fewer shifts in gaze, suggesting greater engagement with the action. However, we did not find evidence of differences in how subjects perceived the roles of the shapes, with both groups interpreting the animation’s plot at the same level of accuracy. Our findings may have important implications for future psychological research using VR, especially regarding our understanding of social cognition and emotions.
Exceptional performance with minimal data using a generative adversarial network for alzheimer's disease classification
Authors: Wong Pui Ching , Abdullah Shahrum Shah , Shapiai Mohd Ibrahim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using deep learning models is hindered by the limited availability of data. Medical image datasets are scarce due to stringent regulations on patient privacy, preventing their widespread use in research. Moreover, although open-access databases such as the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) are available publicly for providing medical image data for research, they often suffer from imbalanced classes. Thus, to address the issue of insufficient data, this study proposes the integration of a generative adversarial network (GAN) that can achieve comparable accuracy with a reduced data requirement. GANs are unsupervised deep learning networks commonly used for data augmentation that generate high-quality synthetic data to overcome data scarcity. Experimental data from the OASIS database are used in this research to train the GAN model in generating synthetic MRI data before being included in a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) model for multistage AD classification. As a result, this study has demonstrated that a multistage AD classification accuracy above 80% can be achieved even with a reduced dataset. The exceptional performance of GANs positions them as a solution for overcoming the challenge of insufficient data in AD classification.
Employee innovation during office work, work from home and hybrid work
Authors: Gibbs Michael , Mengel Friederike , Siemroth Christoph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic forced firms globally to shift workforces to working from home [WFH]. Firms are now struggling to implement a return to working from the office [WFO], as employees enjoy the significant benefits of WFH for their work-life balance. Therefore many firms are adopting a hybrid model in which employees work partly from the office and partly from home. We use unique and detailed data from an Indian IT services firm which contains a precise measure of innovation activity of over 48,000 employees in these three work environments. Our key outcomes are the quantity and quality of ideas submitted by employees. Based on an event study design, the quantity of ideas did not change during the WFH period as compared to WFO, but the quality of ideas suffered. During the later hybrid period, the quantity of submitted ideas fell. In the hybrid phase innovation suffered particularly in teams which were not well coordinated in terms of when they worked at the office or from home. Our findings suggest that remote and hybrid work modes may inhibit collaboration and innovation.
Using climate envelopes and earth system model simulations for assessing climate change induced forest vulnerability
Authors: Martes Leam , Pfleiderer Peter , Köhl Michael , Sillmann Jana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChanging climatic conditions threaten forest ecosystems. Drought, disease and infestation, are leading to forest die-offs which cause substantial economic and ecological losses. In central Europe, this is especially relevant for commercially important coniferous tree species. This study uses climate envelope exceedance (CEE) to approximate species risk under different future climate scenarios. To achieve this, we used current species presence-absence and historical climate data, coupled with future climate scenarios from various Earth System Models. Climate scenarios tended towards drier and warmer conditions, causing strong CEEs especially for spruce. However, we show that annual averages of temperature and precipitation obscure climate extremes. Including climate extremes reveals a broader increase in CEEs across all tree species. Our study shows that the consideration of climate extremes, which cannot be adequately reflected in annual averages, leads to a different assessment of the risk of forests and thus the options for adapting to climate change.
Reversible acetylation of HDAC8 regulates cell cycle
Authors: Sang Chaowei , Li Xuedong , Liu Jingxuan , Chen Ziyin , Xia Minhui , Yu Miao , Yu Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHDAC8, a member of class I HDACs, plays a pivotal role in cell cycle regulation by deacetylating the cohesin subunit SMC3. While cyclins and CDKs are well-established cell cycle regulators, our knowledge of other regulators remains limited. Here we reveal the acetylation of K202 in HDAC8 as a key cell cycle regulator responsive to stress. K202 acetylation in HDAC8, primarily catalyzed by Tip60, restricts HDAC8 activity, leading to increased SMC3 acetylation and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, cells expressing the mutant form of HDAC8 mimicking K202 acetylation display significant alterations in gene expression, potentially linked to changes in 3D genome structure, including enhanced chromatid loop interactions. K202 acetylation impairs cell cycle progression by disrupting the expression of cell cycle-related genes and sister chromatid cohesion, resulting in G2/M phase arrest. These findings indicate the reversible acetylation of HDAC8 as a cell cycle regulator, expanding our understanding of stress-responsive cell cycle dynamics.
Exploring Natural Product Chemistry
Authors: Hanley A. Bryan 
Published: July 2024

Global warming and, even more recently, the COVID pandemic have brought into public focus our dependence on science and the lens with which it considers the world. Science is providing opportunities for new ways of thinking and has always opened new avenues for creative thought and advances.
This book examines and summarises the developments and changes in approaches to organic and natural product chemistry as seen through the published works of the author and seeks to place them in a philosophical and societal context. Demonstrating and explaining how scientists and, more particularly, chemists arrive at a world view, it will show how this is predicated not just by scientific advances but also by societal influences. The author uses personal experience to detail progress through science. Techniques used in such investigations are alluded to but not described in detail since the interested reader can access the full published papers if required.
Interesting both to the general, scientifically literate reader and to the specialist wanting information on natural product chemistry, the book does not create a rulebook for carrying out natural product chemistry but rather examines the processes that lie beneath the development of natural product chemistry and how this enables chemists to examine and interpret the world. Students of chemistry (whatever their age or stage of career) may also be interested in reading how peer reviewed and published material relates to the wider society view.