bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality assurance: The 10‐Group Classification System (Robson classification), induction of labor, and cesarean delivery
Authors: Robson Michael , Murphy Martina , Byrne Fionnuala 
Published: September 2015

AbstractQuality assurance in labor and delivery is needed. The method must be simple and consistent, and be of universal value. It needs to be clinically relevant, robust, and prospective, and must incorporate epidemiological variables. The 10‐Group Classification System (TGCS) is a simple method providing a common starting point for further detailed analysis within which all perinatal events and outcomes can be measured and compared. The system is demonstrated in the present paper using data for 2013 from the National Maternity Hospital in Dublin, Ireland. Interpretation of the classification can be easily taught. The standard table can provide much insight into the philosophy of care in the population of women studied and also provide information on data quality. With standardization of audit of events and outcomes, any differences in either sizes of groups, events or outcomes can be explained only by poor data collection, significant epidemiological variables, or differences in practice. In April 2015, WHO proposed that the TGCS (also known as the Robson classification) is used as a global standard for assessing, monitoring, and comparing cesarean delivery rates within and between healthcare facilities.
A mixed‐methods study of barriers and facilitators to the implementation of postpartum hemorrhage guidelines in Uganda
Authors: Braddick Louise , Tuckey Victoria , Abbas Zan , Lissauer David , Ismail Khaled , Manaseki‐Holland Semira , Ditai James , Stokes Tim 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the level of adherence to postpartum hemorrhage clinical guideline recommendations and to explore context‐specific barriers and facilitators to evidence‐based obstetric care.MethodsUsing direct observation of deliveries at a Ugandan healthcare facility, a mixed‐methods study was conducted between February and March 2014 to document practices related to the active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL). The degree to which practice concurred with WHO postpartum hemorrhage guidelines was determined. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with maternal healthcare practitioners.ResultsOf 154 women, individual AMTSL, in the form of administering a uterotonic during the third stage of labor, controlled cord traction, or delayed cord clamping, occurred in 105 (68.2%), 119 (77.3%), and, of a subset of 60 patients, 37 (61.7%) individuals, respectively. However, only 18 of 53 (34.0%) individuals observed for receipt of all of the three AMTSL components received all of the essential elements of AMTSL. Three major themes influencing the uptake of evidence‐based practice were identified through 18 interviews: healthcare system issues; current knowledge, awareness, and use of clinical guidelines; and healthcare practitioner attitudes to updating their clinical practice.ConclusionOverall guideline adherence was low. There is a need to address context‐specific barriers to uptake, ensuring guideline implementation to reduce maternal mortality in low‐resource settings.
Pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A gene polymorphism in pregnant women with preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Ozkan Sultan , Sanhal Cem Yasar , Yeniel Ozgur , Arslan Ates Esra , Ergenoglu Mete , Bınbır Birol , Onay Huseyin , Ozkınay Ferda , Sagol Sermet 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are still among the most commonly researched titles in perinatology. To shed light on their etiology, new prevention and treatment strategies are the major targets of studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation between gene polymorphism of one of the products of trophoblasts, pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) and PE/IUGR.A total of 147 women (IUGR, n = 61; PE, n = 47; IUGR + PE, n = 37; eclampsia, n = 2) were compared with 103 controls with respect to the sequencing of exon 14 of the PAPP‐A gene to detect (rs7020782) polymorphism. Genotypes “AA” and “CC” were given in the event of A or C allele homozygosity and “AC” in A and C allele heterozygosity. Our findings revealed that the rate of AA, CC homozygotes, and AC heterozygotes did not differ between groups. Moreover, there was no difference in the distribution of PAPP‐A genotypes among the patients with IUGR, PE, IUGR + PE, or eclampsia. Finally, birth weight, rate of the presence of proteinuria, and total protein excretion on 24‐hour urine were similar in the subgroups of AA, AC, and CC genotypes in the study group. Our study demonstrated no association between PAPP‐A gene rs7020782 polymorphism and PE/IUGR.
Inflammatory Myopathy Causing Leg Pain in a Soccer Player: Case Report and Return‐to‐Play Considerations
Authors: Lueders Daniel R. , Howe Benjamin M. , Sellon Jacob L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLeg pain is a common condition in athletes as well as in the general population, and has a broad differential diagnosis that includes musculoskeletal, vascular, rheumatologic, and neurologic etiologies. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IM) is a relatively uncommon but recognized etiology of leg pain. In this case, we describe an acute presentation of IM in an athlete resulting in leg pain and activity limitation. The available literature suggests that moderate‐intensity exercise is safe and beneficial in idiopathic IM, but studies to date have not assessed the effects of high‐intensity exercise in IM or provided recommendations for return to competitive contact sport in this population.
Out‐of‐sample evaluation of macro announcements, linearity, long memory, heterogeneity and jumps in mini‐futures markets
Authors: Vortelinos Dimitrios I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the significance of macroeconomic announcements, linearity, long memory, heterogeneity and jumps via the out‐of‐sample forecasting performance in mini‐futures markets. The property of long memory is the most significant. Second in‐class is linearity. Then, comes the property of jumps and finally heterogeneity. The property of the effect of macroeconomic announcements is evident only for few categories of announcements. The trade balance and producer price index are the most significant announcements across mini‐futures markets and evaluation criteria.
Hydraulic jumps in a shallow flow down a slightly inclined substrate
Authors: Benilov E. S. 
Published: September 2015

This work examines free-surface flows down an inclined substrate. The slope of the free surface and that of the substrate are both assumed small, whereas the Reynolds number $Re$ remains unrestricted. A set of asymptotic equations is derived, which includes the lubrication and shallow-water approximations as limiting cases (as $Re\rightarrow 0$ and $Re\rightarrow \infty$, respectively). The set is used to examine hydraulic jumps (bores) in a two-dimensional flow down an inclined substrate. An existence criterion for steadily propagating bores is obtained for the $({\it\eta},s)$ parameter space, where ${\it\eta}$ is the bore’s downstream-to-upstream depth ratio, and $s$ is a non-dimensional parameter characterising the substrate’s slope. The criterion reflects two different mechanisms restricting bores. If $s$ is sufficiently large, a ‘corner’ develops at the foot of the bore’s front – which, physically, causes overturning. If, in turn, ${\it\eta}$ is sufficiently small (i.e. the bore’s relative amplitude is sufficiently large), the non-existence of bores is caused by a stagnation point emerging in the flow.
Relation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status with skeletal muscle mass by sex and age group among Korean adults
Authors: Ko Min Jung , Yun Sungha , Oh Kyungwon , Kim Kirang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine whether high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was associated with high skeletal muscle mass, taking into account the effects of sex and age among the participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) aged 40 years or older. This was a cross-sectional study using data from the 2009 to 2010 KNHANES; a total of 8406 subjects (3671 men and 4735 women) were included. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI, kg/m2) was estimated to measure the skeletal muscle mass. Hypovitaminosis was classified when the level of serum 25(OH)D was <20 ng/ml. The general linear model adjusted for confounding factors was used to determine differences in means of ASMMI by 25(OH)D status. The mean values of ASMMI were higher for men when compared with women. Women had a greater proportion of hypovitaminosis (71·1 %) compared with men (53·2 %). After adjusting for multiple factors, men were seen to have significant differences in ASMMI based on 25(OH)D status regardless of age, showing a lower mean value of ASSMI in those with hypovitaminosis. However, there was no difference in ASMMI by 25(OH)D status among women in both younger and older age groups. In conclusion, we found that there might be a positive relationship between 25(OH)D and skeletal muscle mass in men, indicating that interventions to improve 25(OH)D levels that are aimed at increasing muscle mass could be beneficial for men with more rapid decreased rate of skeletal muscle mass.
YIELD AND NITROGEN RECOVERY OF RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) IN RESPONSE TO APPLICATION OF LEGUMINOUS LEAF LITTER AND SUPPLEMENTAL INORGANIC NITROGEN
Authors: MUCHECHETI FIONA , MADAKADZE IGNACIO C. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYThe short term nutrient supply of Leucaena leucocephala, Calliandra calothyrsus, Acacia angustissima and Acacia karoo prunings with or without supplemental inorganic nitrogen were tested using rape (Brassica napus L.) in a field trial. Prunings were applied at a rate of 5 t ha−1 to soil, alone or with supplemental N at 37.5 kg N ha−1 (¼ of recommended N). The respective decomposition and N release constants of the prunings were 9.15 and 9.70% for L. leucocephala; 6.15 and 6.40 for A. angustissima; 4.50 and 4.90 for C. calothyrsus; and 2.20 and 2.10 for A. karoo. These constants were best described by the (lignin+polyphenol)-to-nitrogen ratio of the prunings. Total biomass over the two seasons ranged from 1.40 to 17.28 t DM ha−1 and total growth rates ranged from 2.34–26.70 g plant−1 week−1. The cumulative N recovery at week 9 ranged from 21.1–66.1 %. Legume tree leaves can be used as a source of N for vegetable production. Farmers who use high tannin leaf litter are recommended to supplement with mineral N in order to assure adequate N availability during plant growth.
IMPAIRED FERTILITY AND PERCEIVED DIFFICULTIES CONCEIVING IN GHANA: MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Fledderjohann Jasmine , Johnson David R. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryWhat is the most appropriate measure of impaired fertility for understanding its social consequences in sub-Saharan Africa? The dearth of subjective measures in surveys in the region has prevented comparisons of subjective and objective measures. Perceived difficulties conceiving may have a greater impact than objective measures for social outcomes such as divorce, stigmatization and distress. This study compares 12- (clinical) and 24- (epidemiological) month measures from biomedicine and 5- and 7-year measures from demography with a subjective measure of impaired fertility using correlations, random effects models and test–retest models to assess relationships between measures, their association with sociodemographic characteristics and the stability of measures across time. Secondary panel data (1998–2004) from 1350 Ghanaian women aged 15–49 of all marital statuses are used. Longer waiting times to identification of impaired fertility required by demographic measures result in more stable measures, but perceived difficulties conceiving are most closely aligned with clinical infertility (r=0.61;p<0.05). Epidemiological infertility is also closely aligned with the subjective measure. A large proportion of those identified as having impaired fertility based purely on waiting times are successful contraceptors. Where subjective measures are not available, epidemiological (24-month) measures may be most appropriate for studies of the social consequences of impaired fertility. Accounting for contraceptive use is important in order to avoid false positives. Future research should consider a variety of measures of perceived difficulties conceiving and self-identified infertility to assess which is most valid; in order to accomplish this, it is imperative that subjective measures of infertility be included in social surveys in sub-Saharan Africa.
Cochlear involvement in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Sagit M , Guler S , Karaman A , Yasar M , Emiroglu A , Ozcan I 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjective:To investigate whether cochlear involvement is an extraintestinal manifestation in patients with ulcerative colitis.Method:Forty-four ulcerative colitis patients and 44 age-matched healthy subjects were included in the study. Pure tone and speech audiometry, and distortion product otoacoustic emission tests were performed on all participants. The audiometric test results were compared between groups and their relationship with disease activity was investigated.Results:Pure tone threshold averages were significantly higher in ulcerative colitis patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). Speech discrimination scores were significantly lower in ulcerative colitis patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). Distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitude values were significantly lower for all of the tested frequencies (except for 6000 Hz in the right ear) in ulcerative colitis patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). No relationship was detected between audiometric test results and disease activity (p > 0.05).Conclusion:Even though hearing thresholds may be within normal limits, decreased distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitude values indicate a cochlear involvement in ulcerative colitis patients.
Psychotic experiences and risk of self-injurious behaviour in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Honings S. , Drukker M. , Groen R. , van Os J. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundRecent studies suggest that psychotic experiences (PE) in the general population are associated with an increased risk of self-injurious behaviour. Both the magnitude of this association and the level of adjustment for confounders vary among studies. A meta-analysis was performed to integrate the available evidence. The influence of possible confounders, including variably defined depression, was assessed.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted including general population studies reporting on the risk of self-injurious behaviour in individuals with PE. Studies were identified by a systematic search strategy in Pubmed, PsycINFO and Embase. Reported effect sizes were extracted and meta-analytically pooled.ResultsThe risk of self-injurious behaviour was 3.20 times higher in individuals with PE compared with those without. Subanalyses showed that PE were associated with self-harm, suicidal ideation as well as suicidal attempts. All studies had scope for considerable residual confounding; effect sizes adjusted for depression were significantly smaller than effect sizes unadjusted for depression. In the longitudinal studies, adjustment for psychopathology resulted in a 74% reduction in excess risk.ConclusionsPE are associated with self-injurious behaviour, suggesting they have potential as passive markers of suicidality. However, the association is confounded and several methodological issues remain, particularly how to separate PE from the full range of connected psychopathology in determining any specific association with self-injurious behaviour. Given evidence that PE represent an indicator of severity of non-psychotic psychopathology, the association between PE and self-injurious behaviour probably reflects a greater likelihood of self-injurious behaviour in more severe states of mental distress.
A comparison of exposure to risk factors for giardiasis in non-travellers, domestic travellers and international travellers in a Canadian community, 2006–2012
Authors: SWIRSKI A. L. , PEARL D. L. , PEREGRINE A. S. , PINTAR K. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study is to determine how demographic and exposure factors related to giardiasis vary between travel and endemic cases. Exposure and demographic data were gathered by public health inspectors from giardiasis cases reported from the Region of Waterloo from 2006 to 2012. Logistic regression models were fit to assess differences in exposure to risk factors for giardiasis between international travel-related cases and Canadian acquired cases while controlling for age and sex. Multinomial regression models were also fit to assess the differences in risk profiles between international and domestic travel-related cases and endemic cases. Travel-related cases (both international and domestic) were more likely to go camping or kayaking, and consume untreated water compared to endemic cases. Domestic travel-related cases were more likely to visit a petting zoo or farm compared to endemic cases, and were more likely to swim in freshwater compared to endemic cases and international travel-related cases. International travellers were more likely to swim in an ocean compared to both domestic travel-related and endemic cases. These findings demonstrate that travel-related and endemic cases have different risk exposure profiles which should be considered for appropriately targeting health promotion campaigns.
Nonretinotopic visual processing in the brain
Authors: MELCHER DAVID , MORRONE MARIA CONCETTA 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA basic principle in visual neuroscience is the retinotopic organization of neural receptive fields. Here, we review behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging evidence for nonretinotopic processing of visual stimuli. A number of behavioral studies have shown perception depending on object or external-space coordinate systems, in addition to retinal coordinates. Both single-cell neurophysiology and neuroimaging have provided evidence for the modulation of neural firing by gaze position and processing of visual information based on craniotopic or spatiotopic coordinates. Transient remapping of the spatial and temporal properties of neurons contingent on saccadic eye movements has been demonstrated in visual cortex, as well as frontal and parietal areas involved in saliency/priority maps, and is a good candidate to mediate some of the spatial invariance demonstrated by perception. Recent studies suggest that spatiotopic selectivity depends on a low spatial resolution system of maps that operates over a longer time frame than retinotopic processing and is strongly modulated by high-level cognitive factors such as attention. The interaction of an initial and rapid retinotopic processing stage, tied to new fixations, and a longer lasting but less precise nonretinotopic level of visual representation could underlie the perception of both a detailed and a stable visual world across saccadic eye movements.
Exercise-induced hypoxia secondary to an atrial septal defect and cor triatriatum dexter
Authors: Eckersley Luke G. , Clements Barry , Shipton Stephen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA 14-year-old boy presented to us with a diagnosis of severe asthma and oxygen desaturation of 76% on a 6-minute-walk test. A contrast echocardiogram revealed echocontrast in the left and right atria simultaneously. A secundum atrial septal defect and partial cor triatriatum dexter were diagnosed, and the atrial defect was closed by cardiac catheterisation.
Using modern ferruginous habitats to interpret Precambrian banded iron formation deposition
Authors: Koeksoy Elif , Halama Maximilian , Konhauser Kurt O. , Kappler Andreas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEarly Earth processes are typically identified through the study of mineralogical, elemental and isotopic features in the rock record, including Precambrian banded iron formations (BIF). However, post-depositional processes often obscure the primary geochemical signals, making the use of BIF as proxies for paleo-seawater and the paleo-biosphere potentially imprecise. Thus, alternative approaches are required to complement the information gained from the rock record in order to fully understand the distinctive biogeochemical processes on ancient Earth. Simulating these conditions in the laboratory is one approach, but this approach can never fully replicate the complexity of a natural environment. Therefore, finding modern environments with a unique set of geochemical and microbiological characteristics to use as analogues for BIF depositional environments can provide invaluable information. In this review, we provide an overview of the chemical, physical and biological parameters of modern, ferruginous lakes that have been used as analogue BIF environments.
Pyogenic Hepatic Abscess – Less is More A Review for General Internists
Authors: Biskup Ewelina , Yang Xiao-Yu 
Published: September 2015

Eitrige Leberabszesse – weniger ist mehr: Review für Internisten Zusammenfassung. Eitrige Leberabszesse (PHAa) sind selten, aber fatal, wenn unbehandelt. Fortschritte in der diagnostischen und interventionellen Radiologie haben das Management der PHAs erleichtert. Dennoch sind Abszesse im Lobus caudatus eine Herausforderung, vor allem für die allgemeine Internisten, die zum Übertherapieren neigen. Literatur über diese spezifische Form der Leberabszesse ist insuffizient. Der Zweck dieses Artikels ist es, einen Überblick über die vorhandene Datenlage zu PHAs im Allgemeinen und insbesondere im Lobus caudatus zu verschaffen, sowie die Aufmerksamkeit der allgemeinen Internisten auf diese wichtige Differenzialdiagnose zu richten und die Therapiewahl zu erleichtern. Wir betonen, dass eine Position im Sinne des «Weniger ist mehr»-Konzeptes für die Qualität der PHA-Therapie empfehlenswert ist.
Structural basis of glycan specificity in neonate-specific bovine-human reassortant rotavirus
Authors: Hu Liya , Ramani Sasirekha , Czako Rita , Sankaran Banumathi , Yu Ying , Smith David F. , Cummings Richard D. , Estes Mary K. , Venkataram Prasad B. V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractStrain-dependent variation of glycan recognition during initial cell attachment of viruses is a critical determinant of host specificity, tissue-tropism and zoonosis. Rotaviruses (RVs), which cause life-threatening gastroenteritis in infants and children, display significant genotype-dependent variations in glycan recognition resulting from sequence alterations in the VP8* domain of the spike protein VP4. The structural basis of this genotype-dependent glycan specificity, particularly in human RVs, remains poorly understood. Here, from crystallographic studies, we show how genotypic variations configure a novel binding site in the VP8* of a neonate-specific bovine-human reassortant to uniquely recognize either type I or type II precursor glycans, and to restrict type II glycan binding in the bovine counterpart. Such a distinct glycan-binding site that allows differential recognition of the precursor glycans, which are developmentally regulated in the neonate gut and abundant in bovine and human milk provides a basis for age-restricted tropism and zoonotic transmission of G10P[11] rotaviruses.