bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions and Thresholds of Limonin and Nomilin in Bitterness Perception in Orange Juice and Other Matrices
Authors: Dea Sharon , Plotto Anne , Manthey John A. , Raithore Smita , Irey Mike , Baldwin Elizabeth 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLimonin and nomilin are two bitter compounds present in citrus and are thought to cause off‐flavor in Huanglongbing (HLB)‐infected fruit/juice. This study determined the best estimate thresholds of limonin, nomilin and their combination in matrices composed of sugars and acids at levels found in orange juice, and in orange juice, using the three‐alternate forced‐choice methodology. Further, the effect of sucrose or citric acid in orange juice on the bitterness perception of both compounds was investigated. In a simple matrix (sucrose and citric acid), the threshold of limonin was 4.0 mg/L, lower than the threshold of nomilin, which was 5.4 mg/L. Together in a 1:1 ratio, limonin and nomilin acted synergistically and both thresholds decreased. When adding nomilin at a fixed subthreshold concentration of 2 mg/L, limonin threshold decreased to 2.6 mg/L. Recognition thresholds in orange juice were 4.7 and 2.6 mg/L for limonin and nomilin, respectively. Added sucrose, but not citric acid, decreased the perception of bitterness induced by limonin and nomilin in orange juice.Practical ApplicationsFlorida orange juice processors are encountering increased juice bitterness resulting from elevated levels of the bitter compounds limonin and nomilin due to citrus greening or Huanglongbing disease (HLB). Increased knowledge of sensory perception of limonin and nomilin in orange juice will help processors determine the final quality of juice made with fruit from groves infected with HLB. In a model solution, nomilin decreased the perception threshold of limonin. In orange juice, recognition thresholds were 4.7 and 2.6 mg/L for limonin and nomilin, respectively, suggesting that orange juice containing such levels of these two compounds would taste bitter. As sucrose decreased bitterness perception of juice spiked with limonin and nomilin, blending with juice having higher sugar levels could be used for bitter off‐flavor management for juice made with fruit strongly affected by the disease.
Instructions to Rate Genital Vasocongestion Increases Genital and Self-Reported Sexual Arousal But Not Coherence Between Genital and Self-Reported Sexual Arousal
Authors: Prause Nicole , Barela James , Roberts Verena , Graham Cynthia 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Women are often reported to have a low coherence (often referred to as “discordance” in sexuality literature) between their genital response and self-reported sexual arousal.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to determine whether differing instructions for rating sexual arousal would increase the coherence between genital response and self-reported arousal in women.

Methods
Genital responses were recorded, using vaginal photoplethysmography, from 32 young women while they fantasized in three different conditions. Conditions instructed women to rate their overall sexual arousal, any physical cues, and genital blood flow.

Main Outcome Measures
The primary outcome measure was the coherence of vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA) and reported sexual response in the three conditions.

Results
Unexpectedly, both VPA response and self-reported sexual arousal were higher when women were asked to rate their genital blood flow. Examining only participants who reported at least some sexual arousal in all conditions (n=17), coherence was highest when women were instructed to rate overall sexual arousal.

Conclusion
Results suggest that focusing on genital blood flow during sexual fantasy may increase women's (self-reported and genital) sexual response. Focusing on any physical arousal cues during sexual fantasy was associated with lower coherence of women's genital response and self-reported arousal compared with when they were instructed to rate their overall sexual arousal.
Comprehensive Questionnaire for Assessment of Dhat Syndrome: Development and Use in Patient Population
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Avasthi Ajit , Aneja Jitender , Shankar Gauri , Mohan M Ravi , Nehra Ritu , Padhy Sushanta K. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Dhat syndrome is a culture-bound syndrome, characterized by the core belief of loss of semen accompanied by symptoms of general weakness, lack of energy and concentration, impaired sexual functions, and vague somatic troubles, often associated with an anxious or dysphoric mood state. Although many studies have described the clinical picture of Dhat syndrome, there is lack of availability of an instrument which can comprehensively assess patients presenting with Dhat syndrome.

Aim
The aim of this article is to develop a questionnaire that can comprehensively assess Dhat syndrome and guide the clinicians in managing such patients.

Methods
Initially, an extensive literature review was done to prepare a comprehensive list of clinical features, beliefs associated with the passage of “Dhat,” and attribution of the symptoms by the patients. These items were converted into a questionnaire for investigational interview. The questionnaire thus developed was administered to 54 patients and was also sent to eight subject experts for their opinion on the questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measure
To develop and evaluate the content validity of the Comprehensive Questionnaire for Assessment of Dhat Syndrome.

Results
As per the opinion of experts, the questionnaire had good content validity and was useful for not only clinicians dealing with patients of Dhat syndrome but was also considered useful for the patients presenting with Dhat syndrome. All the experts found the questionnaire to be comprehensive, and two-third of the experts regarded the length to be adequate. Although none of them suggested any deletion of items, yet some additions were suggested. The language of the questionnaire was rated from simple to very simple. Results of administration of the questionnaire on 54 patients of Dhat syndrome established that the questionnaire was helpful in providing comprehensive clinical picture of Dhat syndrome.

Conclusion
The questionnaire designed for the purposes of this study is a useful instrument for comprehensive assessment of the clinical picture of Dhat syndrome.
The Role of Community Assessments, Place, and the Great Recession in the Migration Intentions of Rural Americans
Authors: Ulrich‐Schad Jessica D. , Henly Megan , Safford Thomas G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMany rural areas of the United States are experiencing population decline due to out‐migration. However, others—especially those places rich in natural amenities and recreational opportunities—are attracting new residents and losing less of their native population. In this article we investigate the predictors of rural Americans' migration intentions by examining how individual‐level community assessments, including community attachment and perceptions of community‐level problems, shape rural Americans' migration decision making while controlling for individual and place effects. Drawing on survey data from 17,000 residents in 11 different rural areas around the United States, we find that community attachment is a key predictor of rural migration, even during periods of economic recession, and regardless of individual and place characteristics or perceptions of community‐level problems. We also find that multiple dimensions of community attachment (e.g., practical, natural, family, community trust) have independent effects on the propensity of rural residents to migrate. Our research contributes to knowledge on migration trends among rural Americans by exploring the complicated reasoning behind why people stay in, or move to, certain rural communities and not others.
Changes in the critical erosion velocity for sediment colonized by biofilm
Authors: Fang Hongwei , Shang Qianqian , Chen Minghong , He Guojian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn flowing water the incipient motion of sediment can be affected by the presence of microbial biofilm growth. This article documents a series of flume experiments using non‐uniform sediments, in which sediment entrainment was investigated for cases where the sediment was immersed in deionized water, so that no biofilm developed, and for cases where a bio‐sediment was cultivated by placing the sediment in a mixture of natural water and nutrient solution. Differences in entrainment and the velocity at incipient motion were measured over an eight week period, as biofilm grew. It was found that the incipient motion phenomena were quite distinct between the two kinds of sediment. Sediment with biofilm was more stable and, over time, incipient velocity increased to a threshold level, before declining. Biofilm development is clearly an important control on the stability of sediments, especially in eutrophic water bodies. Two incipient velocity formulas were derived for sliding and rolling conditions. Film water theory was utilized to describe the cohesive force between sediment particles and the adhesive force generated by biofilm was introduced into the formula derivation; the time variation characteristics of biofilm strength and the features of the substrate were also taken into consideration. Such analyses can help to predict sediment transport changes due to biofilm presence in nutrient‐rich water bodies.
VDR Gene Polymorphisms, Interaction with Smoking and Risk of Periodontal Disease in Japanese Women: the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study
Authors: Tanaka K. , Miyake Y. , Hanioka T. , Arakawa M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEpidemiological evidence on the relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and periodontal disease is inconsistent. We investigated associations between four VDR single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including rs731236 (TaqI), rs7975232 (ApaI), rs1544410 (BsmI) and rs2228570 (FokI), and the risk of periodontal disease among young Japanese women. Cases included 131 women who had at least one tooth with a probing depth of 3.5 mm or deeper. Controls included 1019 women without periodontal disease. Adjustment was made for age, region of residence, education, toothbrushing frequency and use of an interdental brush. Compared with the AA genotype of SNP rs731236, the GG genotype had a significantly increased risk of periodontal disease: the adjusted OR was 3.68 (95% confidence interval: 1.06–12.78). There were no significant relationships between SNPs rs7975232, rs1544410 or rs2228570 and periodontal disease. None of the haplotypes were significantly related to periodontal disease. Compared with subjects with the AA or AG genotype of SNP rs731236 who had never smoked, those with the GG genotype who had ever smoked had a significantly increased risk of periodontal disease; nevertheless, neither multiplicative nor additive interaction was significant. The additive interaction between SNP rs7975232 and smoking was significant, although the multiplicative interaction was not statistically significant. No multiplicative or additive interactions were observed between the other SNPs and smoking. Our results indicated that VDR SNP rs731236 might be associated with periodontal disease. In addition, we present new evidence for a biological interaction between VDR SNP rs7975232 and smoking that affects periodontal disease.
Academic Freedom, Democracy and the Public Policy Process
Authors: Bryden John , Mittenzwei Klaus 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article is framed by the 900‐plus year old debate on the importance of academic freedom for democracy and human progress outlined by Karran. In particular, it discusses some contemporary threats to academic freedom in relation to the role of researchers and research institutes in the public policy process. Using a series of recent case studies of attempts to interfere with the publication of research findings in key sensitive policy areas of genetically modified foodstuffs, climate change, and agriculture, it is argued that while academic freedom plays a crucial role in relation to the development of public policies, it is currently under threat. This matter is discussed within a framework that allows the understanding of the relationship between researchers and the intervening State, the corporate and non‐government sectors with economic or social interests in any particular intervention, the media, and citizens. We apply the framework to recent cases in several controversial areas of policy that illustrate problems that have arisen. Moreover, we hypothesise that the problems have become more acute since the start of the era of privatisation and new public management with research agendas and targets often being increasingly set by policymakers. Finally, we draw some conclusions about the role of researchers and institutes in relation to agricultural and rural matters in modern democracies, arguing that freedom of speech and expression is an essential element in the policy role of researchers. At the root of this is the intensifying debate between representative and participatory democracy.
Climate Change and the Co‐Production of Knowledge and Policy in Rural USA Communities
Authors: Homsy George C. , Warner Mildred E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractClimate change requires action at multiple levels of government. We focus on the potential for climate change policy creation among small rural governments in the USA. We argue that co‐production of scientific knowledge and policy is a communicative approach that encompasses local knowledge flowing up from rural governments as well as expertise and power (to coordinate and ensure compliance) flowing down from higher level authority. Using environmental examples related to land use policy, natural gas hydro‐fracturing, and watershed protection, we demonstrate the importance of knowledge flows, power, and coordination in policy creation. Co‐production of knowledge and policy requires respect for local knowledge and a broader framing of issues to include both environmental and economic perspectives. While we see potential for local action, we caution that polycentric approaches lead to externality problems that require multilevel governance to ensure coordination and compliance.
Scientific Knowledge and Rural Policy: A Long‐distant Relationship
Authors: Reimer Bill , Brett Matthew 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article examines the extent to which social science evidence is considered by community leaders in small towns and rural areas. It uses secondary analysis of 18 transcriptions from interviews in rural regions within two Canadian provinces to examine what types of support (if any) are used by respondents to justify their claims and assess the extent to which they depend on systematically collected and analysed evidence. The results indicate that the respondents seldom provided justification for their claims and when they did, scientific evidence was infrequently used. Instead, the respondents most often used examples from their personal experience or public meetings as support. Comparative analysis of the two rural region showed that the pattern of support was different in each – with respondents from British Columbia (BC) relying more on personal examples and those from Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) relying more on public presentations or the internet. The results suggest that much work needs to be done to make social science evidence available and useful to those in small towns and rural places. According to those results, the most strategic way to begin is through existing networks, community groups, and local examples.
Using Evidence in Policy: The Importance of Mediating Beliefs and Practices
Authors: Shortall Sally 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article argues that to understand the use of evidence in policy, we need to examine how meanings and practices in the civil service shape what is accepted as knowledge, and how differences between the beliefs and values of the academy and the polity can impede the flow and transfer of knowledge. It considers the importance of social context and shared meanings in legitimating knowledge. Who counts as legitimate knowledge providers has expanded and here the role of stakeholder groups and experiential knowledge is of particular interest. How hierarchy, anonymity, and generalist knowledge within the civil service mediate the use of evidence in policy is examined. The difference in values and ideology of the civil service and the academy has implications for how academic research is interpreted and used to formulate policy and for its position in knowledge power struggles. There are particular issues about the social science nature of evidence to inform rural policy being mediated in a government department more used to dealing with natural science knowledge. This article is based on participant observation carried out in a UK Department of Agriculture and Rural Development.
Homicide and Social Disorganization on the Border: Implications for Latino and Immigrant Populations
Authors: Emerick Nicholas A. , Curry Theodore R. , Collins Timothy W. , Fernando Rodriguez S. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveWe advance social disorganization theory by examining homicides disaggregated by motive and gang relation and by using data from El Paso, Texas—a predominantly Latino city with high levels of immigration and poverty.MethodsWe analyze homicide data from the El Paso Police Department's detective logs, 1985–1995, as well as data from the 1990 U.S. Decennial Census.ResultsKey measures of social disorganization tend to be associated with homicide but these relationships vary across type of homicide. Immigration and percent African American show no connection with any homicide measure, while percent Latino is only positively associated with gang‐related homicides.ConclusionOverall, social disorganization is useful in understanding homicide in El Paso, but race/ethnicity and immigration do not operate as predicted. These results add important knowledge to a growing literature regarding the neighborhood‐level associations between immigration, Latinos, and crime.
Hepatitis B in Moroccan blood donors: a decade trend of the HBsAg prevalence in a resources limited country
Authors: Adouani B. , Alami R. , Laouina A. , Benahadi A. , Boulahdid S. , Mokhtari A. , Soulaymani A. , Abouyoub A. , Benajiba M. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYObjectivesTo calculate the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) reactive rate for 2011 blood donors (BD) across Morocco. In addition, to monitor the profile of donors bearing the HBsAg during 2000 and 2011, we calculated the percentage of the prevalence in both sexes, in different age groups and in first‐time replacement and regular BD from the Rabat Regional Blood Transfusion Centre.BackgroundHepatitis B is a viral infection that spreads through blood and other biological fluids. The hepatitis B virus remains one of the most common serious complications of transfusion. No information exists on the real prevalence of hepatitis B in Moroccan BD.MethodsFor the 2011 national HBsAg reactive rate, the percentage was calculated based on enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results of the 232 190 blood donations collected around the country. For the Rabat blood Centre, we calculated the hepatitis B sero‐prevalence from donations made at the donors' suite during 2000 and 2011.ResultsThe national prevalence of HBsAg was 1·34%. The HBsAg variations among different regions was between 0·43 and 2·86%. The Rabat donors' suite hepatitis B prevalence decreased from 2·47% in 2000 to 0·91% in 2011 (P < 0·001). In both years, family/replacement donors were found as safe as first‐time BD and female donors were the safest.ConclusionsThese results, presented for the first time in the country, mapped the hepatitis B distribution across Morocco in a healthy population. The findings of this study could be of great importance in setting up strategies for the recruitment of the BD and keeping blood safety at the highest level.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Ralstonia
sp. Strain GA3-3, Isolated from Australian Suburban Soil
Authors: Pearce Stephen L. , Pushiri Hafizah , Oakeshott John G. , Russell Robyn J. , Pandey Gunjan 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Ralstonia
sp. strain GA3-3 is a hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-degrading bacterial strain isolated from suburban soil in Canberra, Australia. The genome of strain GA3-3 was sequenced to investigate its ability to degrade α-HCH. Here, we report the annotated genome sequence of this strain.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium massiliense Clinical Strain Asan 50594, Belonging to the Type II Genotype
Authors: Kim Byoung-Jun , Kim Bo-Ram , Hong Seok-Hyun , Seok Seung-Hyeok , Kook Yoon-Hoh , Kim Bum-Joon 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of the
Mycobacterium massiliense
clinical strain Asan 50594, which was grouped into the
M. massiliense
type II genotype, isolated from a Korean patient. This genome sequence will serve as a valuable reference for understanding the disparity in virulence and epidemiological traits between strains belonging to the
Mycobacterium abscessus
complex.
The Draft Genome Sequence of
Nocardioides
sp. Strain CF8 Reveals the Scope of Its Metabolic Capabilities
Authors: Kimbrel Jeffrey A. , Chang Jeff , Arp Daniel J. , Sayavedra-Soto Luis A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Nocardioides
sp. strain CF8 was isolated from a soil sample collected at the Hanford Department of Energy site, Richland, WA. The strain was identified in microcosms based on its ability to grow on butane and has been characterized for its potential applications in the biodegradation of halogenated hydrocarbons. Here, the draft genome sequence is reported.
Novel Human Papillomavirus Type 174 from a Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kocjan Boštjan J. , Steyer Andrej , Sagadin Martin , Hošnjak Lea , Poljak Mario 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the cloning and characterization of a novel human papillomavirus (HPV), now officially recognized as HPV-174, isolated from a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. HPV-174 has a genome organization characteristic of cutaneous HPV types, clusters to the genus
Betapapillomavirus
, species β2, and is most closely related to HPV-145.
Genome Sequences for Three Denitrifying Bacterial Strains Isolated from a Uranium- and Nitrate-Contaminated Subsurface Environment
Authors: Venkatramanan Raghavee , Prakash Om , Woyke Tanja , Chain Patrick , Goodwin Lynne A. , Watson David , Brooks Scott , Kostka Joel E. , Green Stefan J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Genome sequences for three strains of denitrifying bacteria (
Alphaproteobacteria
—
Afipia
sp. strain 1NLS2 and
Hyphomicrobium denitrificans
strain 1NES1;
Firmicutes
—
Bacillus
sp. strain 1NLA3E) isolated from the nitrate- and uranium-contaminated subsurface of the Oak Ridge Integrated Field Research Challenge (ORIFRC) site, Oak Ridge Reservation, TN, are reported.