bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Worldly Possessions: The Relationship between Materialism and Body Appearance for Female Consumers in an Emerging Economy
Authors: Felix Reto , Garza Martha R. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis article investigates how women in an emerging economy relate the importance of material possessions to the importance they assign to the appearance of their body. The results of two studies demonstrate a very strong and positive relationship between materialism and several measures of body appearance. Study 1 shows strong correlations between materialism and body appearance in a sample of relatively young (m = 18.7 years) and affluent female students from a private university. Using structural equation modeling, Study 2 finds that in a sample of women averaging 40 years, more materialistic women did focus substantially more on body appearance than less materialistic women. Further, antecedents (self‐esteem, hedonic attitudes toward advertising, and skepticism toward advertising) and consequences (satisfaction with life) of materialism and body appearance were included in the model. In interpreting the results, it is assumed that individuals prone to materialism apply similar appearance‐centered mental schemata to their body as they do to material possessions.
Memory Enhances the Mere Exposure Effect
Authors: Stafford Tom , Grimes Anthony 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe fact of having already encountered something encourages future preference, a phenomenon known as the mere exposure effect (MEE). There is a widely accepted view that recognition inhibits the MEE. Here this view is contested and the generality of the findings upon which it is based questioned. New evidence is presented from a systematic investigation of the moderating influence of recognition memory on the MEE, using brand logo stimuli and methods that make the results directly applicable to marketing practice. It is shown that recognition, whether correct or mistaken, enhances, rather than inhibits, the likelihood of preference.
Vegetables and PUFA‐rich plant oil reduce DNA strand breaks in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Müllner Elisabeth , Brath Helmut , Pleifer Simone , Schiermayr Christiane , Baierl Andreas , Wallner Marlies , Fastian Theresia , Millner Yvonne , Paller Kristina , Henriksen Trine , Poulsen Henrik Enghusen , Forster Ernst , Wagner Karl‐Heinz 
Published: November 2012

ScopeType 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disease associated with increased oxidative stress, which may lead to increased DNA damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a healthy diet on DNA oxidation in diabetics and nondiabetics.Methods and resultsSeventy‐six diabetic and 21 nondiabetic individuals participated in this study. All subjects received information about the benefits of a healthy diet, while subjects randomly assigned to the intervention group received additionally 300 g of vegetables and 25 mL PUFA‐rich plant oil per day. DNA damage in mononuclear cells (Comet Assay), urinary excretion of 8‐oxo‐7‐hydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodG) and 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydroguanosine (8‐oxoGuo) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured at baseline, after 4, 8 (end of intervention), and 16 weeks. The intervention with vegetables and PUFA‐rich oil led to a significant increase in plasma antioxidant concentrations. Diabetic individuals of the intervention group showed a significant reduction in HbA1c and DNA strand breaks. Levels of HbA1c were also improved in diabetics of the information group, but oxidative damage to DNA was not altered. Urinary 8‐oxodG and 8‐oxoGuo excretion remained unchanged in both groups.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that a healthy diet rich in antioxidants reduces levels of DNA strand breaks in diabetic individuals.
Becoming a Mobile Student – a Processual Perspective on German Degree Student Mobility
Authors: Carlson Sören 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTA recurring question with regard to international student mobility/migration is why students go abroad. Most often, this question is answered by pointing out different factors, such as the students' stated reasons for going abroad, specific psychological traits, or differences in economic and social capital. This paper, however, takes a processual perspective by asking how students become geographically mobile, thus perceiving studying abroad not as the result of a one‐time choice but as the outcome of different long‐term biographical and social processes and events. The analysis is based on narrative biographical interviews with German degree mobile students who went abroad to another European country. By focusing on how previous mobility experiences, the students' social embeddedness, and the structuring force of the order and timing of events all further the occurrence of student mobility, this paper highlights crucial aspects of this process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intra‐European Student Mobility and European Identity: A Successful Marriage?
Authors: Van Mol Christof 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTStudies on European identity generally focus on elites, even though processes of identity formation may also take place in other societal domains. As one of the underlying rationales of European student exchange programmes is the promotion of European citizenship, I examine empirically the influence of European student mobility on European identity. The analysis is based on a mixed‐method approach. The quantitative element consists of an online survey at nine universities in Austria, Belgium, Italy, Norway, and Poland at the end of the 2008–2009 academic year. The qualitative element consists of 40 in‐depth interviews and five focus groups, conducted at the universities of Antwerp, Innsbruck, Oslo, Rome, and Warsaw in 2009–2010. The analysis underpins the need for incorporating an ‘experience‐based’ social dimension into the existing theoretical frameworks of political and cultural dimensions of European identity. This creation of an ‘experience‐based social Europe’ among mobile students is the result of socialisation processes that are characterised by internal and external identity observations and goes beyond the political unit of the European Union. However, regional differences can be observed and partially attributed to macro‐factors such as the (non‐)participation of a country in the European Union. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced efficiency and reduced roll‐off in white organic light‐emitting diodes based on two ultra‐thin emitting layers
Authors: Yu Jianning , Lin Hong , Tong Liang , Li Chong , Zhang Hao , Zhang Jianhua , Wang Zixing , Wei Bin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHigh efficiency performance and color rendering index (CRI) are two main requirements for the applications of white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs). We report successful fabrication of efficient and high‐color‐rendering phosphorescent WOLED by employing ultra‐thin red emitter – spacer layer – ultra‐thin green emitter architecture. By fine‐tuning the thicknesses of emitting layers and spacer layer, we have obtained WOLED with a high CRI of 80 and high luminance efficiency (LE) of 29.2 cd A−1 which only rolls off to 22.8 cd A−1 at 1000 cd m−2. A typical WOLED for comparison exhibits a CRI below 40 and maximum LE of 15.8 cd A−1 which decreases to 11.4 cd A−1 at 1000 cd m−2. The superiority of ultra‐thin device compared with typical device demonstrates utilizing ultra‐thin emitting layer is a promising technique to achieve high performance organic light‐emitting diode (OLED).
Effects of antifreezes and bundled material on the stability and optical limiting in aqueous suspensions of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Vlasov Andrey Yu. , Venediktova Anastasia V. , Videnichev Dmitry A. , Kislyakov Ivan M. , Obraztsova Elena D. , Sokolova Ekaterina P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis work gives data on the stability of dispersions of single wall carbon nanotubes stabilized by sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in binary polar solvents “water + antifreeze” (glycerol, polyethyleneglycole) with eutectic compositions. The absorption spectra of the suspensions demonstrate no changes during 1‐year storage with temperature spanning from −40 to +40 °C. The systems provide relevant optical power limiting properties, the one with glycerol showing good resistance to optical bleaching effects. We also demonstrate that aqueous dispersions of nanotubes exhibit considerable enhancement of optical limiting parameters alongside an increase of the bundled material populace.
Selective synthesis of double helices of carbon nanotube bundles grown on treated metallic substrates
Authors: Cervantes‐Sodi Felipe , Íñiguez‐Rábago Agustín , Rosas‐Meléndez Samuel , Ballesteros‐Villarreal Mónica , Vilatela Juan J. , Reyes‐Gutiérrez Lucio G. , Palacios Eduardo , Terrones Mauricio , Jiménez‐Rodríguez José A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDouble‐helix microstructures consisting of two parallel strands of hundreds of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been synthesized by chemical vapour deposition of ferrocene/toluene vapours on metal substrates. Growth of coiled carbon nanostructures with site selectivity is achieved by varying the duration of thermochemical pretreatment to deposit a layer of SiOx on the metallic substrate. Production of multibranched structures of MWCNTs converging in SiOx microstructure is also reported. magnified imageIn the abstract figure, panel (a) shows a coloured micrograph of a typical double‐helix coiled microstructure of MWCNTs grown on SiOx covered steel substrate. Green and blue show each of the two individual strands of MWCNTs. Panel (b) is an amplification of a SiOx microparticle (white) on the tip of the double‐stranded coil (green and blue). The microparticle guides the collective growth of hundreds of MWCNTs to form the coiled structure.
Reduction of single‐walled carbon nanotube diameter to sub‐nm via feedstock
Authors: Thurakitseree Theerapol , Kramberger Christian , Zhao Pei , Chiashi Shohei , Einarsson Erik , Maruyama Shigeo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractVertically aligned single‐walled carbon nanotube arrays were synthesized from dip‐coated binary Co/Mo catalyst by no‐flow chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from either pure ethanol or acetonitrile as carbon feedstock. By changing to acetonitrile the mean diameter was reduced from 2.1 nm to less than 1.0 nm despite using identically prepared catalyst. The demonstrated diameter control on flat substrates is a versatile approach towards the direct synthesis of tailored single‐walled carbon nanotubes. magnified image
Perforation of graphite in boiling mineral acid
Authors: Okotrub A. V. , Yudanov N. F. , Tur V. A. , Asanov I. P. , Shubin Yu.V. , Vyalikh D. V. , Bulusheva L. G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPerforation of graphite is carried out by treating the graphite oxide with a boiling mineral acid H2SO4 or H3PO4. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy shows formation of a large number of vacancy defects (holes) in the graphene sheets, which are caused more likely by the CO2 liberation during the reduction process. The characteristic size of the holes is about 2 nm. The obtained materials are comparatively examined by X‐ray diffraction, Raman and IR‐absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron and near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. It is found that the products obtained using a strong acid H2SO4 and a weak acid H3PO4 are different in the concentration and electronic state of oxygen and the mean distance between defects. magnified imageLeft, schematic representation of the perforated graphite (PG); right, NEXAFS OK‐edge spectra of the PG obtained using H3PO4 and H2SO4 acids demonstrate the different electronic state of oxygen in the samples.
Analysis of cycled 4D‐Var with model error
Authors: Cullen M. J. P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn a previous study the author showed, using a toy model, that forecast performance using four‐dimensional variational analysis (4D‐Var) and an imperfect forecast model was dramatically improved by using a regularization matrix instead of a matrix estimating the true background‐error covariance. This article carries out a theoretical analysis of this behaviour. The analysis first highlights the interpretation of short‐window 4D‐Var as a fixed lag smoother, which means that the control over model error growth exerted by observations late in the assimilation window is taken into account. It is then shown that, in a scalar case, the solution will converge to that of infinitely long‐window weak‐constraint 4D‐Var where the same regularization constraint is applied at each subwindow. The optimum choice of regularization constraint is analyzed for the converged solution and is such that the regularization evolved by the model to the observation time equals the true error evolved to the observation time. The true error is controlled by the observation error regardless of the amount of model error provided that the optimum regularization is used. The same calculation is done for 3D‐Var, showing that the true error is not so controlled and is typically larger. It is shown that the feedback between forecast‐error growth and the choice of regularization constraint can have a strong effect on the optimal choice, as observed in the experiments. The results are consistent with setting the regularization equal to the background error calculated relative to the truth projected on to the model attractor, rather than the truth itself. In this context, the model attractor can be regarded as the model state closest to the truth that gives the correct time derivatives.
Towards the use of microphysical variables for the assimilation of cloud‐affected infrared radiances
Authors: Martinet P. , Fourrié N. , Guidard V. , Rabier F. , Montmerle T. , Brunel P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article focuses on the simulation and the assimilation of satellite infrared observations in convective‐scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. A radiative transfer model that includes profiles for liquid‐water content, ice‐water content and cloud fraction was used to simulate cloud‐affected radiances as background equivalents. This approach avoids the use of cloud parameters (cloud‐top pressure and effective cloud fraction) deduced from a CO2 slicing algorithm and the modelling of clouds by single‐layer clouds. The advanced radiative transfer model was evaluated using infrared observations measured by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). The observation‐screening procedure that was developed to improve the selection of usable cloudy scenes led to a good agreement between observations and background equivalents. For that purpose, a radiance analysis of collocated Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) pixels inside each IASI field of view was used. The goal of this preliminary work is to assess the feasibility of adding the cloud variables (liquid and ice‐water contents) to the state vector of the assimilation system. The approach is illustrated with one‐dimensional variational (1D‐Var) retrievals. The physical consistency of the 1D‐Var adjustments is verified with real observations. Then observing‐system simulation experiments (OSSE) are used to validate the 1D‐Var retrievals.
Rapid, Controllable Fabrication of Regular Complex Microarchitectures by Capillary Assembly of Micropillars and Their Application in Selectively Trapping/Releasing Microparticles
Authors: Wu Dong , Wu Si‐Zhu , Zhao Shuai , Yao Jia , Wang Jiang‐Nan , Chen Qi‐Dai , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA simple strategy to realize new controllable 3D microstructures and a novel method to reversibly trapping and releasing microparticles are reported. This technique controls the height, shape, width, and arrangement of pillar arrays and realizes a series of special microstructures from 2‐pillar‐cell to 12 cell arrays, S‐shape, chain‐shape and triangle 3‐cell arrays by a combined top down/bottom up method: laser interference lithography and capillary force‐induced assembly. Due to the inherent features of this method, the whole time is less than 3 min and the fabricated area determined by the size of the laser beam can reach as much as 1 cm2, which shows this method is very simple, rapid, and high‐throughput. It is further demonstrated that the ‘mechanical hand’‐like 4‐cell arrays could be used to selectively trap/release microparticles with different sizes, e.g., 1.5, 2, or 3.5 μm, which are controlled by the period of the microstructures from 2.5 to 4 μm, and 6 μm. Finally, the ‘mechanical hand’‐like 4‐cell arrays are integrated into 100 μm‐width microfluidic channels prepared by ultraviolet photolithography, which shows that this technique is compatible with conventional microfabrication methods for on‐chip applications.
Measuring systems security
Authors: Bayuk Jennifer , Mostashari Ali 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSecurity metrics have evolved side by side with the advent of security tools and techniques. They have been derived from the techniques rather than specified as system requirements. This paper surveys the evolution and state of the practice of security metrics from both a technical and historical perspective. It describes the evolution of currently popular security metrics, and classifies them to illustrate their utility in systems engineering verification and validation activities. It provides criteria with which to evaluate security metrics based on system purpose and architecture. The criteria are illustrated using a case study of Cloud System security. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 16:
Coaxial magnetic pulse compression system to generate fast‐rising pulsed power
Authors: Ueda Satoru , Sakamoto Tatsuro , Sakugawa Takashi , Akiyama Hidenori 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA fast‐rising pulsed power generator (PPG) using a coaxial magnetic pulse compression (MPC) system has been developed. Two kinds of magnetic cores, a Co‐based amorphous metal and a nanocrystalline Fe‐based soft magnetic metal, have been used in the coaxial MPC system to evaluate losses of magnetic cores and leakage current of a saturable inductor. The PPG produced a pulsed‐high‐current of 3.7 kA with a risetime of 7 ns (20–80%) at a repetition frequency of 1000 pulses per second. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Innovative US energy policy: a review of states' policy experiences
Authors: Carley Sanya , Browne Tyler R. 
Published: November 2012

Since the early 1990s, US energy policy has been driven by state governments. States have adopted a variety of innovative policy instruments to diversify, decarbonize, and decentralize their electricity markets. Because states are still active energy policy leaders, and are continually adopting new or revising existing policies, there is great need for continual evaluation of the effects, effectiveness, challenges, and opportunities associated with these different policy instruments. This analysis synthesizes the findings in the literature to date and provides a summary of both the policy landscapes and the effects associated with some of the leading energy policies, including the renewable portfolio standard, the energy efficiency resource standard, net metering, and interconnection standards.This article is categorized under:

Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
Energy and Development > Economics and Policy
Flexibility within the middle ears of vertebrates
Authors: Mason M J , Farr M R B 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntroduction and aims:Tympanic middle ears have evolved multiple times independently among vertebrates, and share common features. We review flexibility within tympanic middle ears and consider its physiological and clinical implications.Comparative anatomy:The chain of conducting elements is flexible: even the ‘single ossicle’ ears of most non-mammalian tetrapods are functionally ‘double ossicle’ ears due to mobile articulations between the stapes and extrastapes; there may also be bending within individual elements.Simple models:Simple models suggest that flexibility will generally reduce the transmission of sound energy through the middle ear, although in certain theoretical situations flexibility within or between conducting elements might improve transmission. The most obvious role of middle-ear flexibility is to protect the inner ear from high-amplitude displacements.Clinical implications:Inter-ossicular joint dysfunction is associated with a number of pathologies in humans. We examine attempts to improve prosthesis design by incorporating flexible components.
Logic-based event recognition
Authors: Artikis Alexander , Skarlatidis Anastasios , Portet François , Paliouras Georgios 
Published: November 2012

AbstractToday's organizations require techniques for automated transformation of their large data volumes into operational knowledge. This requirement may be addressed by using event recognition systems that detect events/activities of special significance within an organization, given streams of ‘low-level’ information that is very difficult to be utilized by humans. Consider, for example, the recognition of attacks on nodes of a computer network given the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol messages, the recognition of suspicious trader behaviour given the transactions in a financial market and the recognition of whale songs given a symbolic representation of whale sounds. Various event recognition systems have been proposed in the literature. Recognition systems with a logic-based representation of event structures, in particular, have been attracting considerable attention, because, among others, they exhibit a formal, declarative semantics, they have proven to be efficient and scalable and they are supported by machine learning tools automating the construction and refinement of event structures. In this paper, we review representative approaches of logic-based event recognition and discuss open research issues of this field. We illustrate the reviewed approaches with the use of a real-world case study: event recognition for city transport management.
INVISCID AND VISCOUS MODELS OF AXISYMMETRIC FLUID JETS OR PLUMES
Authors: LETCHFORD NICHOLAS A. , FORBES LAWRENCE K. , HOCKING GRAEME C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe vertical rise of a round plume of light fluid through a surrounding heavier fluid is considered. An inviscid model is analysed in which the boundary of the plume is taken to be a sharp interface. An efficient spectral method is used to solve this nonlinear free-boundary problem, and shows that the plume narrows as it rises. A generalized condition is also introduced at the boundary, and allows the ambient fluid to be entrained into the rising plume. In this case, the fluid plume first narrows then widens as it rises. These features are confirmed by an asymptotic analysis. A viscous model of the same situation is also proposed, based on a Boussinesq approximation. It qualitatively confirms the widening of the plume due to entrainment of the ambient fluid, but also shows the presence of vortex rings around the interface of the rising plume.
Pension plan risk-taking: does it matter if the sponsor is publicly-traded?
Authors: ATANASOVA CHRISTINA , GATEV EVAN 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe use a large sample of defined benefit (DB) pension plans to document economically significant differences in the risk-taking of plans sponsored by privately-held versus publicly-traded firms. The magnitude and the main determinants of pension plan risk-taking are different for public and private firms. The effect of pension liabilities’ funded status on risk-taking is two and a half times higher for plans with publicly-traded sponsors than for plans with private sponsors. In contrast, changing sponsor contributions has more than four times higher effect on risk-taking for plans with private sponsors. The results suggest that the alignment of incentives for the stakeholders in a pension contract is different for plans sponsored by private versus publicly-traded firms.