bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of strain and the determination of the safe arc of motion after subscapularis repair—A biomechanical study
Authors: Knesek Michael , Brunfeldt Alexander , Korenczuk Christopher , Jepsen Karl J. , Robbins Christopher B. , Gagnier Joel J. , Allen Answorth A. , Dines Joshua S. , Bedi Asheesh 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis study characterizes the strain patterns and safe arcs for passive range of motion (ROM) in the superior and inferior subscapularis tendon in seven cadaveric shoulders, mounted for controlled ROM, after deltopectoral approach to the glenohumeral joint, including tenotomy of the subscapularis tendon 1 cm medial to its insertion on the lesser tuberosity. The tenotomy was repaired with end‐to‐end suture in neutral rotation. Strain patterns were measured during passive ROM in external rotation (ER), ER with 30° abduction (ER+30), abduction, and forward flexion in the scapular plane (SP) before and after surgery. Percentages were calculated from 35 trials corresponding to five trials of each motion across seven specimens. With ER of 0−30°, 89% of trials of superior subscapularis tendon and 100% of trials of inferior subscapularis tendon achieved strains >3%, with very similar patterns noted in ER+30. In abduction of 0−90°, 5.8% of trials of superior and 85.3% of trials of inferior tendon achieved >3% strain. With passive ROM in SP, 26.5% of trials reached 3% strain in superior tendon compared to 100% in inferior tendon. Strain patterns in abduction and SP differed significantly (p < 0.001). Selective tenotomy and repair of the superior subscapularis tendon with open reparative or reconstructive shoulder procedures, when feasible, may be favorable for protected early passive ROM and rehabilitation postoperatively. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:518–524, 2016.
Controlled Synthesis of Well‐Defined Semiconducting Brush Polymers
Authors: van As Dean , Subbiah Jegadesan , Jones David J. , Wong Wallace W. H. 
Published: September 2015

Well‐defined semiconducting bottlebrush polymers are prepared using controlled polymerization methods. The electron donor semiconductor poly(3‐hexylthiophene), P3HT, is synthesized using Grignard metathesis polymerization. With appropriate norbornene end caps, the P3HT macromonomers are used to form the bottlebrush material via ring opening metathesis polymerization. The bottlebrush polymers are characterized and compared with linear P3HT materials, as well as high‐molecular‐weight commercial P3HT. It is found that longer polythiophene chains impart better semiconducting properties resulting in higher solar‐cell device performance.
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Molecular cloning and partial characterization of a low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 13 (Lrp13) involved in vitellogenin uptake in the cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki)
Authors: Mushirobira Yuji , Mizuta Hiroko , Luo Wenshu , Todo Takashi , Hara Akihiko , Reading Benjamin J. , Sullivan Craig V. , Hiramatsu Naoshi 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYMultiple ovarian membrane proteins that bind vitellogenin (Vtg) have been detected in teleosts. One of these Vtg receptors was recently identified as low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 13 (lrp13/Lrp13) in perciform species, but little is known about this Vtg receptor in salmonid fish. In this study, a cDNA encoding a putative Vtg receptor with 13+1 ligand binding repeats (lr13+1) was cloned from the ovary, and identified as an lrp13 ortholog for cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki). This lrp13 was predominantly expressed in the pre‐vitellogenic stage ovary, and its expression decreased during vitellogenesis. Ovarian localization of Lrp13 was observed by immunohistochemistry using specific antiserum against recombinant Lrp13. Lrp13 immunoreactivity was observed at the oolemma, throughout the zona radiata, and within the perivitelline space between the zona radiata and granulosa cells in ovarian follicles at both the lipid‐droplet and vitellogenic stages of growth—an expression pattern that mimics that of a lr8/LR8‐type Vtg receptor in this species and of lrp13/Lrp13 in Morone species. Six discrete Vtg‐binding proteins were detected in cutthroat trout ovarian membrane proteins when probing with a digoxygenin‐labeled salmonid A‐type Vtg (VtgAs) followed by chemiluminescent ligand detection. Western blotting using the anti‐Lrp13 serum revealed a broad signal consisting of two proteins with masses ranging from ∼190 to ∼210 kDa, which corresponded with some of the VtgA‐binding proteins. These findings suggest that, in addition to lr8/LR8, lrp13/Lrp13 acts as a VtgA receptor in trout. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 986–1000, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short‐term HIIT and Fatmax training increase aerobic and metabolic fitness in men with class II and III obesity
Authors: Lanzi Stefano , Codecasa Franco , Cornacchia Mauro , Maestrini Sabrina , Capodaglio Paolo , Brunani Amelia , Fanari Paolo , Salvadori Alberto , Malatesta Davide 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of two different 2‐week‐long training modalities [continuous at the intensity eliciting the maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax) versus high‐intensity interval training (HIIT)] in men with class II and III obesity.MethodsNineteen men with obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg.m−2) were assigned to Fatmax group (GFatmax) or to HIIT group (GHIIT). Both groups performed eight cycling sessions matched for mechanical work. Aerobic fitness and fat oxidation rates (FORs) during exercise were assessed prior and following the training. Blood samples were drawn to determine hormones and plasma metabolites levels. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2‐IR).ResultsAerobic fitness and FORs during exercise were significantly increased in both groups after training (P ≤ 0.001). HOMA2‐IR was significantly reduced only for GFatmax (P ≤ 0.001). Resting non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and insulin decreased significantly only in GFatmax (P ≤ 0.002).ConclusionsTwo weeks of HIIT and Fatmax training are effective for the improvement of aerobic fitness and FORs during exercise in these classes of obesity. The decreased levels of resting NEFA only in GFatmax may be involved in the decreased insulin resistance only in this group.
Lgr5‐expressing stem cells are not the cells of origin of pyloric neuroendocrine carcinomas in mice
Authors: Vetter Elena , Kronast Mira , Tölge Mariana , Zimmermann Wolfgang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn intestinal and pyloric epithelia, leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G protein‐coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5)‐expressing cells represent long‐lived adult stem cells that give rise to all epithelial cell types, including endocrine cells. Ablation of the Apc gene in Lgr5‐expressing cells leads to intestinal and pyloric adenomas. To assess whether all epithelial tumours of the gastrointestinal tract are derived from LGR5‐positive stem cells, we crossed Lgr5–EGFP–IRES–creERT2 mice, which express EGFP and Cre recombinase driven by the Lgr5 promoter, with CEA424–SV40–TAg mice, which develop pyloric neuroendocrine carcinomas of epithelial origin. In 19 day‐old mice, single SV40 T antigen (TAg)‐positive cells were identified preferentially at the the bases of pyloric glands, close to the stem cell compartment. However, contrary to previous publications describing subpopulations of LGR5‐positive cells in gastrointestinal neoplasia, we could not detect Lgr5–EGFP‐positive tumour cells in malignant lesions. The lack of expression of the Wnt target gene Lgr5 is probably not caused by suppression of Wnt signalling by TAg, since β‐catenin‐mediated Wnt signalling, as measured by the TOPflash assay, was not inhibited. To determine the cellular origin of CEA424–SV40–TAg tumours, we performed tracing experiments using Lgr5–EGFP–IRES–creERT2:CEA424–SV40–TAg:ROSA26–tdRFP mice. Following tamoxifen induction, it was possible to efficiently trace the progeny of Lgr5‐expressing cells in gastrointestinal tissue via red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression. No RFP‐positive tumour cells were detected, even when RFP gene activation occurred in 7 day‐old mice well before the appearance of TAg‐positive tumour cells. Hence, we conclude that Lgr5‐expressing stem cells probably do not constitute the cells of origin in CEA424–SV40–TAg mice. Consequently, not all epithelial tumours in the pyloric region are initiated by transformation of LGR5‐positive stem cells. Thus, additional long‐lived LGR5‐negative stem cells or progenitor cells with a low turnover rate might exist in the pyloric region, which could give rise to tumours. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single component transparent free‐standing films based on polyhedral octasilicate‐core dendrimers bearing carbazole terminal groups and their emission properties
Authors: Irie Yasuyuki , Naka Kensuke 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT9H‐carbazole‐9‐ethyl and 9H‐carbazole‐9‐hexyl‐terminated polyhedral octasilicate (OS)‐core dendrimers, denoted as OS‐C2‐Cz and OS‐C6‐Cz, respectively, were prepared by ring‐opening reaction and subsequent condensation of octakis(propenyl succinicanhydrido)polyhedral octasilicate (OS‐SA) with 9H‐carbazole‐9‐ethanol (Cz‐C2‐OH) and 9H‐carbazole‐9‐hexanol (Cz‐C6‐OH), respectively. Both the dendrimers formed optical transparent coating films. In particular, the coating film of OS‐C2‐Cz was easily peeled off from a substrate and formed a free‐standing film. The results of X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter suggest that the films of OS‐C2‐Cz and OS‐C6‐Cz were amorphous. Thermogravimetric analysis of OS‐C2‐Cz and OS‐C6‐Cz showed 10 wt % weight losses at 374 and 383 °C, respectively. Photoluminescence property revealed that the carbazole group in OS‐C2‐Cz is prevented the excimer formation, while the carbazole group in OS‐C6‐Cz formed the excimer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 628–633
Cancer treatment decision‐making among young adults with lung and colorectal cancer: a comparison with adults in middle age
Authors: Mack Jennifer W. , Cronin Angel , Fasciano Karen , Block Susan D. , Keating Nancy L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveOur aim is to understand experiences with treatment decision‐making among young adults with cancer.MethodsWe studied patients with lung cancer or colorectal cancer in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium, a prospective cohort study. We identified 148 young adult patients aged 21–40 years who completed baseline interview questions about cancer treatment decision‐making; each was propensity score matched to three middle adult patients aged 41–60 years, for a cohort of 592 patients. Patients were asked about decision‐making preferences, family involvement in decision‐making, and worries about treatment. An ordinal logistic regression model evaluated factors associated with more treatment worries.ResultsYoung and middle‐aged adults reported similar decision‐making preferences (p = 0.80) and roles relative to physicians (p = 0.36). Although family involvement was similar in the age groups (p = 0.21), young adults were more likely to have dependent children in the home (60% younger versus 28% middle‐aged adults, p < 0.001). Young adults reported more worries about time away from family (p = 0.002), and, in unadjusted analyses, more cancer treatment‐related worries (mean number of responses of ‘somewhat’ or ‘very’ worried 2.5 for younger versus 2.2 for middle‐aged adults, p = 0.02.) However, in adjusted analyses, worries were associated with the presence of dependent children in the home (odds ratio [OR] 1.55, 95% CI = 1.07–2.24, p = 0.02), rather than age.ConclusionsYoung adults involve doctors and family members in decisions at rates similar to middle‐aged adults but experience more worries about time away from family. Patients with dependent children are especially likely to experience worries. Treatment decision‐making strategies should be based on individual preferences and needs rather than age alone. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of contact graph routing enhancements for DTN space communications
Authors: Bezirgiannidis N. , Caini C. , Tsaoussidis V. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we analyze the performance of two contact graph routing (CGR) enhancements, namely, CGR with earliest transmission opportunity (CGR‐ETO) and overbooking management. CGR‐ETO aims to improve the accuracy of predicted bundle delivery time by exploiting existing information on queueing delay, in routing decisions. Overbooking management aims to proactively handle contact oversubscription, which occurs when high‐priority bundles are forwarded to a contact that is already fully subscribed by lower‐priority bundles. These two enhancements have been recently included in the official CGR version as part of the Interplanetary Overlay Network delay‐tolerant/disruption‐tolerant networking implementation maintained by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. In parallel to the comparative evaluation of the enhancements against the original CGR, we introduce an experimental version of CGR‐ETO that exploits information on locally routed data to calculate queueing delays in all hops through the path to destination, rather than in the first hop only. We evaluate the aforementioned enhancements in a set of emulation experiments conducted on a GNU/Linux testbed and compare official and experimental versions of CGR. Results show that the two enhancements are complementary and can significantly improve routing decisions compared with older versions of CGR, particularly in the presence of parallel routes and traffic of different priorities. These advantages are further extended when the experimental version of ETO is considered. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Preliminary Biological Studies of Several Heterocyclic Transition Metal Carbonyl Complexes
Authors: Hu Shanfang , Cui Xianwei , He Weimin , Chen Xiangyi , Gu Zikuan , Zhao Jingzhe , Zeng Guang , Shi Zhan , Zhu Lei , Nie Hemin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe reaction of molybdenum, tungsten and manganese carbonyls with several thiazole heterocycle ligands yielded a number of coordinated transition metal complexes 1–10. Of these complexes 1–6 are new compounds which have not been reported to date. The structures of new compounds were characterized by FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Complexes 1–10 are carbon monoxide releasing molecules that show structure‐related anti‐cancer activity. The cytotoxicity of all compounds on Hela cells was evaluated by MTT assay, and the results show that carbon monoxide releasing molecules containing such Schiff base ligands may have biomedical applications for their anti‐tumor effect.
A Microstructural Study on the Observed Differences in Charpy Impact Behavior Between Hot Isostatically Pressed and Forged 304L and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Cooper Adam J. , Cooper Norman I. , Bell Andrew , Dhers Jean , Sherry Andrew H. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
With near-net shape technology becoming a more desirable route toward component manufacture due to its ability to reduce machining time and associated costs, it is important to demonstrate that components fabricated via Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) are able to perform to similar standards as those set by equivalent forged materials. This paper describes the results of a series of Charpy tests from HIP’d and forged 304L and 316L austenitic stainless steel, and assesses the differences in toughness values observed. The pre-test and post-test microstructures were examined to develop an understanding of the underlying reasons for the differences observed. The as-received microstructure of HIP’d material was found to contain micro-pores, which was not observed in the forged material. In tested specimens, martensite was detectable within close proximity to the fracture surface of Charpy specimens tested at 77 K (−196 °C), and not detected in locations remote from the fracture surface, nor was martensite observed in specimens tested at ambient temperatures. The results suggest that the observed changes in the Charpy toughness are most likely to arise due to differences in as-received microstructures of HIP’d vs forged stainless steel.
Numerical simulation of a spatially developing accelerating boundary layer over roughness
Authors: Yuan J. , Piomelli U. 
Published: September 2015

The direct numerical simulation of an accelerating boundary layer over a rough wall has been carried out to investigate the coupling between the effects of roughness and strong free-stream acceleration. While the favourable pressure gradient is sufficient to achieve quasi-laminarization on a smooth wall, the flow reversion is prevented on a rough wall, and a higher friction coefficient, a faster increase of turbulence intensity compared to the free-stream velocity and more isotropic turbulence near the wall are observed. The logarithmic region of the mean-velocity profile presents an initial decrease in slope as in the smooth case, but soon recovers, as the fully rough regime is reached and a new overlap region is established. A strong coupling between the roughness and acceleration effects develops as roughness leads to more responsive turbulence and prevents the strong acceleration from stabilizing the turbulence, and the acceleration intensifies the velocity scale of the wake field (i.e. the near-wall spatial heterogeneity of the time-averaged velocity distribution). The combined effect is a ‘rougher’ surface as the flow accelerates. In addition, the link between the local values of the free stream and the near-wall velocity depends on the flow history; this explains the different flow responses observed in previous studies, in terms of friction coefficient, turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds-stress anisotropy. This study elucidates the near-wall flow dynamics, which may be used to explain other non-canonical flows over rough walls.
On the relationship between the non-local clustering mechanism and preferential concentration
Authors: Bragg Andrew D. , Ireland Peter J. , Collins Lance R. 
Published: September 2015

‘Preferential concentration’ (Squires & Eaton,Phys. Fluids, vol. A3, 1991, pp. 1169–1178) refers to the clustering of inertial particles in the high strain, low-rotation regions of turbulence. The ‘centrifuge mechanism’ of Maxey (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 174, 1987, pp. 441–465) appears to explain this phenomenon. In a recent paper, Bragg & Collins (New J. Phys., vol. 16, 2014, 055013) showed that the centrifuge mechanism is dominant only in the regime$St\ll 1$, where$St$is the Stokes number based on the Kolmogorov time scale. Outside this regime, the centrifuge mechanism gives way to a non-local, path history symmetry breaking mechanism. However, despite the change in the clustering mechanism, the instantaneous particle positions continue to correlate with high strain, low-rotation regions of the turbulence. In this paper, we analyse the exact equation governing the radial distribution function and show how the non-local clustering mechanism is influenced by, but not dependent upon, the preferential sampling of the fluid velocity gradient tensor along the particle path histories in such a way as to generate a bias for clustering in high strain regions of the turbulence. We also show how the non-local mechanism still generates clustering, but without preferential concentration, in the limit where the time scales of the fluid velocity gradient tensor measured along the inertial particle trajectories approaches zero (such as white noise flows or for particles in turbulence settling under strong gravity). Finally, we use data from a direct numerical simulation of inertial particles suspended in Navier–Stokes turbulence to validate the arguments presented in this study.
Catecholaminergic neuronal network dysfunction in the frontal lobe of a genetic mouse model of schizophrenia
Authors: Iritani Shuji , Sekiguchi Hirotaka , Habuchi Chikako , Torii Youta , Kuroda Keisuke , Kaibuchi Kozo , Ozaki Norio 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe precise aetiology of schizophrenia remains unclear. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia has been proposed based on the accumulation of genomic or neuroimaging studies.ObjectiveIn this study, we examined the catecholaminergic neuronal networks in the frontal cortices of disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) knockout (KO) mice, which are considered to be a useful model of schizophrenia.MethodsSix DISC1 homozygous KO mice and six age-matched littermates were used. The animals’ brains were cut into 20-μm-thick slices, which were then immunohistochemically stained using an anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) monoclonal antibody.ResultsThe TH-immunopositive fibres detected in the orbitofrontal cortices of the DISC1 KO mice were significantly shorter than those seen in the wild-type mice.ConclusionThese neuropathological findings indicate that the hypofrontal symptoms of schizophrenia are associated with higher mental function deficiencies or cognitive dysfunction such as a loss of working memory.
Bears in Eden, or, this is not the garden you're looking for: Margaret Cavendish, Robert Hooke and the limits of natural philosophy
Authors: LAWSON IAN 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates Margaret Cavendish's characterization of experimental philosophers as hybrids of bears and men in her 1666 story The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World. By associating experimental philosophers, in particular Robert Hooke and his microscope, with animals familiar to her readers from the sport of bear-baiting, Cavendish constructed an identity for the fellows of the Royal Society of London quite unlike that which they imagined for themselves. Recent scholarship has illustrated well how Cavendish's opposition to experimental philosophy is linked to her different natural-philosophical, political and anthropological ideas. My contribution to this literature is to examine the meanings both of bears in early modern England and of microscopes in experimental rhetoric, in order to illustrate the connection that Cavendish implies between the two. She parodied Hooke's idea that his microscope extended his limited human senses, and mocked his aim that by so doing he could produce useful knowledge. The bear-men reflect inhuman ambition and provide a caution against ignoring both the order of English society and the place of humans in nature.