bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving from rhetoric to reality: adapting Housing First for homeless individuals with mental illness from ethno-racial groups
Authors: Stergiopoulos Vicky , O’Campo Patricia , Gozdzik Agnes , Jeyaratnam Jeyagobi , Corneau Simon , Sarang Aseefa , Hwang Stephen W 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
The literature on interventions addressing the intersection of homelessness, mental illness and race is scant. The At Home/Chez Soi research demonstration project is a pragmatic field trial investigating a Housing First intervention for homeless individuals with mental illness in five cities across Canada. A unique focus at the Toronto site has been the development and implementation of a Housing First Ethno-Racial Intensive Case Management (HF ER-ICM) arm of the trial serving 100 homeless individuals with mental illness from ethno-racial groups. The HF ER-ICM program combines the Housing First approach with an anti-racism/anti-oppression framework of practice. This paper presents the findings of an early implementation and fidelity evaluation of the HF ER-ICM program, supplemented by participant narrative interviews to inform our understanding of the HF ER-ICM program theory.

Methods
Descriptive statistics are used to describe HF ER-ICM participant characteristics. Focus group interviews, key informant interviews and fidelity assessments were conducted between November 2010 and January 2011, as part of the program implementation evaluation. In-depth qualitative interviews with HF ER-ICM participants and control group members were conducted between March 2010 and June 2011. All qualitative data were analysed using grounded theory methodology.

Results
The target population had complex health and social service needs. The HF ER-ICM program enjoyed a high degree of fidelity to principles of both anti-racism/anti-oppression practice and Housing First and comprehensively addressed the housing, health and sociocultural needs of participants. Program providers reported congruence of these philosophies of practice, and program participants valued the program and its components.

Conclusions
Adapting Housing First with anti-racism/anti-oppression principles offers a promising approach to serving the diverse needs of homeless people from ethno-racial groups and strengthening the service systems developed to support them. The use of fidelity and implementation evaluations can be helpful in supporting successful adaptations of programs and services.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN42520374
Strong stimulation of recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli by combining stimulatory control elements in an expression cassette
Authors: Zwick Friederike , Lale Rahmi , Valla Svein 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe XylS/Pmexpression system has been used to produce recombinant proteins at industrial levels inEscherichia coli. Activation of transcription from thePmpromoter takes place in the presence of benzoic acid or derivatives of it. Previous mutagenesis studies resulted in identification of several variants of the expression control elementsxylS(X),Pm(P) and the 5'-untranslated region (U) that individually gave rise to strongly stimulated expression. The goal of this study was to test if combination of such stimulatory mutations in the same expression vectors would lead to further increase of expression levels.ResultsWe combined X, P and U variants that were originally identified due to their ability to strongly stimulate expression of the reporter genebla(resistance to penicillin). Combination of optimized elements stimulatedblaexpression up to 75-fold (X, P and U combined) relative to the wild-type system, while accumulated transcript levels increased about 50-fold. This is much more than for the elements individually. We also tested combination of the variant elements on two other and unrelated genes,celB(encoding phosphoglucomutase) and the human growth factor genegm-csf. Protein production from these genes is much more efficient than fromblain the wild-type system, but expression was still significantly stimulated by the combination of X, P and U variants, although not to the same extent as forbla.We also integrated a single copy of the expression cassette with each gene into theE. colichromosome and found that the expression level from this single copy was higher forblathan for the wild-type plasmid system, while it was lower forcelBandgm-csf.ConclusionOur results show that combination of stimulatory expression control elements can be used to further increase production of different proteins inE. coli. For one reporter gene (bla) this allowed for more protein production from a single gene copy integrated on the chromosome, compared to the wild-type plasmid system. The approach described here should in principle be applicable for improvement of any expression cassette.
Zoning for management in wetland nature reserves: a case study using Wuliangsuhai Nature Reserve, China
Authors: Zeng Qing , Zhang Yamian , Jia Yifei , Jiao Shengwu , Feng Duoduo , Bridgewater Peter , Lei Guangchun 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Zoning is a fundamental tool for the effective management of nature reserves. A three-zone model (core zone, buffer zone, and experimental zone) has been applied to nature reserves in China since 1980s; however, this model appears not fit for all types of nature reserves, especially wetlands.

Case description
Wuliangsuhai is such a typical wetland reserve, which can represent most of the other wetland reserves in China, for both its human utilization, and for its function as the bird habitat. The “Component-Process-Service” (CPS) framework of the Convention on Wetlands allows a determination of the “ecological character” of the wetland and also allows identification of potential threats, providing thus a perspective for management opportunities and challenges.

Discussion and evaluation
Applying the CPS framework to Wuliangsuhai wetland nature reserve, we have had a better understanding of the ecosystem services and its relationship with the ecological process and components of the wetland. A comparison of effectiveness in maintaining ecosystem services by the two zoning models (the existing three-zone model, and the new zoning model) was made.

Conclusions
The study suggested introducing an additional risk-control zone to be more effective in managing and alleviating threats to the ecological character than the standard 3-zone system. Furthermore, a “dynamic” zoning that takes into account the annual variation in habitat and avifauna distribution, as an elaboration of the Four-zone structure, may achieve the desired conservation objectives in an even more effective manner. The proposed zonation structure has the added benefit of promoting harmonization between nature conservation and local sustainable development.
Failure to Rescue As a Source of Variation in Hospital Mortality for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wright Jason D. , Herzog Thomas J. , Siddiq Zainab , Arend Rebecca , Neugut Alfred I. , Burke William M. , Lewin Sharyn N. , Ananth Cande V. , Hershman Dawn L. 
Published: October 2012

Purpose Although the association between high surgical volume and improved outcomes from procedures is well described, the mechanisms that underlie this association are uncertain. There is growing recognition that high-volume hospitals may not necessarily have lower complication rates but rather may be better at rescuing patients with complications. We examined the role of complications, failure to rescue from complications, and mortality based on hospital volume for ovarian cancer. Patients and Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to identify women who underwent surgery for ovarian cancer from 1988 to 2009. Hospitals were ranked on the basis of their procedure volume. We determined the risk-adjusted mortality, major complication rate, and “failure to rescue” rate (mortality in patients with a major complication) for each tertile. Univariate and multivariate associations were then compared. Results We identified 36,624 patients. The mortality rate for the cohort was 1.6%. The major complication rate was 20.4% at low-volume, 23.4% at intermediate-volume, and 24.6% at high-volume hospitals (P < .001). However, the rate of failure to rescue (death after a complication) was markedly higher at low-volume (8.0%) compared with high-volume hospitals (4.9%; P < .001). After accounting for patient and hospital characteristics, women treated at low-volume hospitals who experienced a complication were 48% more likely (odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.99) to die than patients with a complication at a high-volume hospital. Conclusion Mortality is lower for patients with ovarian cancer treated at high-volume hospitals. The reduction in mortality does not appear to be the result of lower complications rates but rather a result of the ability of high-volume hospitals to rescue patients with complications.
Chronic Administration of the Metastin/Kisspeptin Analog KISS1-305 or the Investigational Agent TAK-448 Suppresses Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Function and Depletes Plasma Testosterone in Adult Male Rats
Authors: Matsui Hisanori , Tanaka Akira , Yokoyama Kotaro , Takatsu Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Kaori , Asami Taiji , Nishizawa Naoki , Suzuki Atsuko , Kumano Satoshi , Terada Michiko , Kusaka Masami , Kitada Chieko , Ohtaki Tetsuya 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Metastin/kisspeptin, a hypothalamic peptide, plays a pivotal role in controlling GnRH neurons. Here we studied the effect of chronic sc administration of two kisspeptin analogs, KISS1-305 and TAK-448, on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in male rats in comparison with a GnRH analogue leuprolide or bilateral orchiectomy (ORX). The prototype polypeptide, KISS1-305 (1–4 nmol/h), caused substantial elevations of plasma LH and testosterone, followed by abrupt reductions of both hormone levels. Notably, testosterone levels were reduced to castrate levels within 3 d and remained depleted throughout the 4-wk dosing period, an effect that was faster and more pronounced than leuprolide (1 nmol/h) dosing. KISS1-305 also reduced genital organ weight more profoundly than leuprolide. In mechanistic studies, chronic KISS1-305 administration only transiently induced c-Fos expression in GnRH neurons, suggesting that GnRH-neural response was attenuated over time. Hypothalamic GnRH content was reduced to 10–20% of control at 3 wk without any changes in Gnrh mRNA expression. Dosing with the investigational peptide TAK-448 was also studied to extend our understanding of hypothalamic-pituitary functions. Similar to ORX, TAK-448 (0.1 nmol/h) depleted testosterone and decreased GnRH content by 4 wk. However, in contrast to ORX, TAK-448 decreased gonadotropin levels in pituitary and plasma samples, implying the suppression of GnRH pulses. These results suggest that chronic administration of kisspeptin analogs disrupts endogenous kisspeptin signals to suppress intrinsic GnRH pulses, perhaps by attenuating GnRH-neural response and inducing continuous GnRH leakage from the hypothalamus. The potential utility of kisspeptin analogs as novel agents to treat hormone-related diseases, including prostate cancer, is discussed.
Blocking semiovals containing conics
Authors: Dover J. M. , Mellinger K. E. , Wantz K. L. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
A blocking semioval is a set of points in a projective plane that is both a blocking set (i.e., every line meets the set, but the set contains no line) and a semioval (i.e., there is a unique tangent line at each point). Sz˝onyi investigated an infinite family of blocking semiovals that are formed from the union of conics contained in a particular type of algebraic pencil. In this paper, the authors look at the general problem of blocking semiovals containing conics, proving a lower bound on the size of such sets and providing several new constructions of blocking semiovals containing conics. In addition, the authors investigate the natural generalization of Sz˝onyi’s construction to other conic pencils.
Beyond anemia: hepcidin, monocytes and inflammation
Authors: Zhang Xiaolan , Rovin Brad H. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Hepcidin is an iron regulatory protein mainly synthesized by the liver. Hepatocyte production of hepcidin is responsible for serum hepcidin, is responsive to body iron stores, and is critical for maintaining iron homeostasis. Monocytes and macrophages also express hepcidin, and in contrast to the liver, hepcidin expression is primarily regulated by inflammatory mediators and infectious agents. Monocyte and macrophage hepcidin is likely to be more important on a local rather than systemic level, contributes to host defense and may modulate inflammatory processes. This review summarizes recent findings and hypotheses on the relationship of hepcidin to the mononuclear phagocyte system.
Physician Attitudes Regarding School-Located Vaccinations
Authors: McCormick Emily V. , Durfee Josh , Vogt Tara M. , Daley Matthew F. , Hambidge Simon J. , Shlay Judith 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE:To assess physician attitudes regarding school-located adolescent vaccination and influenza vaccination.METHODS:From July through September 2010, a 20-item survey was mailed to 1337 practicing Colorado family physicians and pediatricians. Standard statistical methods were used to examine unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of factors associated with physician support for school-located vaccination programs.RESULTS:Overall, 943 physicians were survey-eligible, and 584 (62%) responded. More than half of physicians supported both school-located influenza and adolescent vaccination. However, fewer physicians supported school-located adolescent vaccination compared with influenza vaccination. More physicians supported school-located vaccination for their publicly insured patients compared with their privately insured patients. Some family physicians (32%) and pediatricians (39%) believed that school-located vaccination would make their patients less likely to attend well-child visits, and half of respondents believed that school-located vaccination would have a negative financial impact on their practice. In multivariate analyses, physicians concerned about the financial impact of school-located vaccination were less likely to support such programs.CONCLUSIONS:Although a majority of Colorado physicians supported influenza and adolescent vaccination at school, they expressed concerns regarding the implications on their practice. Lesser support for vaccination of their privately insured patients and concerns regarding attendance at well-child visits suggests the perceived financial impact from school-located vaccination is a barrier and merits additional examination.
The Sociodemographic Characteristics, Periodontal Health Status, and Subgingival Microbiota of Patients With Chronic Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case‐Control Study in a Chinese Population
Authors: Li Chen , Liu Jingbo , Tan Lisi , Yu Ning , Lin Li , Geng Fengxue , Zhang Dongmei , Pan Yaping 
Published: October 2012

Background: In China, chronic periodontitis (CP) is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this study is to identify the sociodemographic characteristics associated with such patients and to assess the periodontal health status and subgingival microbiota of patients with CP and T2DM (T2DMCP) in the Chinese population.Methods: A total of 150 patients with T2DMCP and 306 patients with CP without any systemic disease completed questionnaires, underwent clinical periodontal examinations and participated in diabetes‐related parameter examinations. Subgingival plaques were obtained to determine the prevalence and amounts of selected oral bacterial species using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real‐time PCR, respectively.Results: The income level and mean body mass index (BMI) of the patients with T2DMCP were significantly higher than those of the patients with CP. Additionally, the patients with T2DMCP were more likely to be urban residents, and they had significantly more severe periodontitis than did the patients with CP. In the patients with T2DMCP, the prevalence and amounts of Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia were significantly higher than those in the patients with CP. Finally, compared with the patients with CP, the patients with T2DMCP had a significantly lower prevalence and amount of Prevotella intermedia.Conclusions: Compared with the patients with CP, the patients with T2DMCP were more likely to be urban residents and generally had higher incomes, higher mean BMI, and poorer periodontal health status. Higher levels of T. denticola and T. forsythia and lower levels of P. intermedia were identified in the subgingival plaque of the patients with T2DMCP.
Regenerative Treatment of a Cemental Tear Using Enamel Matrix Derivatives: a Ten-Year Follow-up
Authors: Schmidlin Patrick R 
Published: October 2012

A patient presented with chronic periapical periodontitis on tooth 45. The root canal was re-treated and a wide apical perforation was closed with MTA® as an apical plug. At reevaluation six month later, the tooth presented with increased mobility, bleeding on probing and probing pocket depths of 9 mm. Despite good periapical healing radio graphically, the tooth showed signs of localized marginal bone loss that was diagnosed as being due to a cemental fracture. The tooth was splinted, a muco-periostal flap was raised and the fragment of cementum was removed. The defect was treated in a regenerative approach, using enamel matrix derivatives (EMD). Six month after therapy, the probing pocket depths decreased to values of ≤ 3 mm and a defect fill was radiographically visible. The 10-year follow up showed a stable situation.It can be concluded that the occurrence of a local delamination of the root surface may contribute to the development of plaque-induced periodontal destruction. Its removal and the regenerative conditioning of the root surface with EDTA and EMD may result in a, at least partial, resolution of the problem and regeneration of bone at the affected the site.
Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity Ameliorates the Breast Cancer Risk in Diabetic Women
Authors: Torres-Mejía Gabriela , Angeles-Llerenas Angélica , Ortega-Olvera Carolina , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Ziv Elad , Pulido-Rodríguez José , García-Solis Manuel de Jesús , Murillo-Zamora Efrén , Vázquez-Lara Julia , Romieu Isabelle 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between self-reported diabetes and the risk of breast cancer (BC) and its interaction with moderate-intensity physical activity in pre- and postmenopausal Mexican women.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A population-based case-control study was conducted using 1,000 incident case subjects and 1,074 control subjects. Blood samples and information on health, diet, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements were obtained.

RESULTS
The association between diabetes and BC risk decreased with increasing tertiles of moderate-intensity physical activity (odds ratio [OR] = 4.9 [95% CI 2.3–10.8]; 3.0 [1.3–6.9]; and 1.0 [0.1–9.2], respectively, for each tertile) (test for interaction = 0.04). Compared with the women in the lowest tertiles, increased risk was observed in those premenopausal women with the highest serum C-peptide, IGF-1, and IGF-1 binding protein 3 levels.

CONCLUSIONS
Moderate-intensity physical activity can substantially ameliorate the increased BC risk in diabetic women.
Can Ultrasound of the Tibial Nerve Detect Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy?
Authors: Riazi Sheila , Bril Vera , Perkins Bruce A. , Abbas Sherif , Chan Vincent W.S. , Ngo Mylan , Lovblom Leif E. , El-Beheiry Hossam , Brull Richard 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE
Peripheral nerve imaging by portable ultrasound (US) may serve as a noninvasive and lower-cost alternative to nerve conduction studies (NCS) for diagnosis and staging of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP). We aimed to examine the association between the size of the posterior tibial nerve (PTN) and the presence and severity of DSP.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional study of 98 consecutive diabetic patients classified by NCS as subjects with DSP or control subjects. Severity was determined using the Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score. A masked expert sonographer measured the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the PTN at 1, 3, and 5 cm proximal to the medial malleolus.

RESULTS
Fifty-five patients had DSP. The mean CSA of the PTN in DSP compared with control subjects at distances of 1 (23.03 vs. 17.72 mm2; P = 0.004), 3 (22.59 vs. 17.69 mm2; P &lt; 0.0001), and 5 cm (22.05 vs. 17.25 mm2; P = 0.0005) proximal to the medial malleolus was significantly larger. Although the area under the curve (AUC) for CSA measurements at all three anatomical levels was similar, the CSA measured at 3 cm above the medial malleolus had an optimal threshold value for identification of DSP (19.01 mm2) with a sensitivity of 0.69 and a specificity of 0.77 by AUC analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
This large study of diabetic patients confirms that the CSA of the PTN is larger in patients with DSP than in control subjects, and US is a promising point-of-care screening tool for DSP.
450°C isothermal section of the Zn-Fe-Co-Si quaternary system at the zinc-rich corner
Authors: Zhao Manxiu , Yin Fucheng , Li Zhi , Long Zhaohui , Wang Xinming 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe Zn-rich corner of the 450°C isothermal section of the Zn-Fe-Co-Si quaternary system with the Zn content being fixed at 93 at.% was determined experimentally using the equilibrated alloy approach. The specimens were investigated by means of scanning electronic microscopy coupled with wave dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. It was found that 2 four-phase regions, i. e. L+(Fe,Co)Si+FeSi2+Si and L+(Fe,Co)Si+CoSi2+Si, exist in the section. The Si solubility in ζ-FeZn13 phase is rather limited, with Co dissolving in this compound, the solubility of Si is up to 0.82 at.%. The Fe solubility in CoSi2 is no more than 1.21 at.%, whereas the Co solubility in FeSi2 is high up to 7.81 at.%. The maximum solubility of Zn in (Fe,Co)Si, FeSi2, and CoSi2 is 1.92, 1.49, 2.93 at.%, respectively. No true quaternary compound was found in the present study.
Isothermal section of the Al-Tb-V ternary system at 773 K
Authors: Zhou K. W. , Li C. L. , Yan J. L. , Xu Y. P. , Zhuang Y. H. , Zhang X. Y. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Al-Tb–V system at 773 K has been investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The existence of 10 binary compounds and two ternary compounds, namely, Al3Tb, Al2Tb, AlTb, Al2Tb3, AlTb2, Al10V, Al45V7, Al23V4, Al3V, Al8V5, Al43V4Tb6 and Al20V2Tb were confirmed. The compounds AlV, AlV3 and Al4Tb were not observed, and no binary compound was found in the Tb–V binary system. The isothermal section consists of 15 single-phase regions, 30 binary-phase regions and 15 ternary-phase regions. The solubility of V in Al2Tb, AlTb and Al2Tb3 is about 2.4 at.%, 1.6 at.% and 1.2 at.%, respectively. The solubility of Al in V is about 40.0 at.%.