bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous quantitative determination of 20 active components in the traditional Chinese medicine formula Zhi‐Zi‐Da‐Huang decoction by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry: application to study the chemical composition variations in different combinations
Authors: Tang Zheng , Yin Ran , Bi Kaishun , Zhu Heyun , Han Fei , Chen Kelin , Wang Fenrong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractZhi‐Zi‐Da‐Huang decoction (ZZDHD), a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription composed of four herbal medicines, has been widely used in treating various hepatobiliary disorders for a long time. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive and efficient liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) method for quantitative determination of 20 active constituents, including three iridoid glycosides, 11 flavonoids, three anthraquinones and three tannins in ZZDHD. Separation was achieved on a phenomenex kinetex C18column (150 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 µm) using gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water. Detection was performed with electrospray ionization source in the negative ionization and selected ion monitoring mode. The established method was validated by determining the linearity (r2≥ 0.9983), limit of quantification (0.16–300 ng/mL), precision (RSD ≤ 4.6%), average recovery (96.0–105.6%), repeatability (RSD ≤ 3.2%) and stability (RSD ≤ 4.5%). Then, the method was successfully applied to investigate the chemical composition variations owing to the interaction between the four component herbs of ZZDHD during the extraction process. It was found that different combinations of the herbs affect the extraction efficiency of chemical constituents in different ways. The validated LC‐MS method provides a meaningful basis for quality control and further research on ZZDHD. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparsion of an immunochromatographic strip with ELISA for simultaneous detection of thiamphenicol, florfenicol and chloramphenicol in food samples
Authors: Guo Lingling , Song Shanshan , Liu Liqiang , Peng Juan , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTRapid and sensitive indirect competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ic‐ELISA) and gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic strip tests were developed to detect thiamphenicol (TAP), florfenicol (FF) and chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk and honey samples. The generic monoclonal antibody for TAP, FF and CAP was prepared based on a hapten [D‐threo‐1‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐2‐ dichloroacetylamino‐1,3‐propanediol], and the haptenwas linked to a carrier protein using the diazotization method. After the optimization of several parameters (coating, pH, sodium chloride content and methanol content), the ic‐ELISA was established. The quantitative working range for TAP was 0.11–1.36 ng/mL, with an IC50 of 0.39 ng/mL. The optimized ELISA showed cross‐reactivity to CAP (300%) and FF (15.6%), with IC50 values of 0.13 and 2.5 ng/mL, respectively. The analytical recovery of TAP, FF and CAP in milk and honey samples in the ic‐ELISA ranged from 81.2 to 112.9%. Based on this monoclonal antibody, a rapid and sensitive immunochromatographic test strip was also developed. This strip had a detection limit of 1 ng/mL for TAP, FF and CAP in milk and honey samples. Moreover, the test was completed within 10 min. Our results showed that the proposed ic‐ELISA and immunochromatographic test strip method are highly useful screening tools for TAP, FF and CAP detection in milk and honey samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dinitriles Bearing AIE‐Active Moieties: Synthesis, E/Z Isomerization, and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Tasso Thiago Teixeira , Furuyama Taniyuki , Kobayashi Nagao 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDinitriles bearing aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active moieties [tetraphenylethylene (TPE) or diphenylphenanthrene (DPP)] were prepared. Compounds 4 (TPE‐linked) and 8 (DPP‐linked) showed considerably redshifted emission resulting from their large Stokes shifts and also strong fluorescence in the aggregated and solid states. Pure E and Z stereoisomers of both dinitriles were easily separated, and their isomerization equilibria and fluorescence properties were investigated. In addition to their pronounced AIEE behavior, 4 and 8 also showed various reversible chromic responses to external stimuli, namely, solvato‐, piezo‐, vapo‐, and thermochromism, which make them potential candidates for smart materials.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Three‐Component Borylstannation: Enantioselective Formation of CSn Bond
Authors: Jia Tao , Cao Peng , Wang Ding , Lou Yazhou , Liao Jian 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn summary, a first copper‐catalyzed synthesis of α‐aryl‐β‐borylstannane compounds was accomplished through three‐component borylstannation of aryl‐substituted alkenes. In the exploration of an asymmetric variant, chiral sulfinylphosphine ligands proved advantageous in controlling stereochemistry of BCu addition and in promoting transmetalation of enantioenriched alkylCu species. The stereochemical outcome supported a sequential syn‐borylcupration and configuration‐retentive transmetalation mechanism. Moreover, α‐chiral β‐borylstannanes were easily transformed into a diverse array of secondary alkylstannanes and triarylethane with high enantiomeric purity. The applications of chiral sulfinylphosphine ligands to other tandem CuB addition reactions are currently under investigation in our group.
Bedside clinical signs associated with impending death in patients with advanced cancer: Preliminary findings of a prospective, longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Hui David , dos Santos Renata , Chisholm Gary , Bansal Swati , Souza Crovador Camila , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDFive highly specific physical signs associated with death within 3 days among cancer patients were recently reported that may aid in the diagnosis of impending death. In this study, the frequency and onset of another 52 bedside physical signs and their diagnostic performance for impending death were examined.METHODSThree hundred fifty‐seven consecutive patients with advanced cancer who had been admitted to acute palliative care units at 2 tertiary care cancer centers were enrolled. Fifty‐two physical signs were systematically documented every 12 hours from admission to death or discharge. The frequency and median time of onset of each sign from death backwards were examined, and the likelihood ratios (LRs) associated with death within 3 days were calculated.RESULTSTwo hundred three of the 357 patients (57%) died at the end of the admission. Eight physical signs that were highly diagnostic of impending death were identified. These signs occurred in 5% to 78% of the patients within the last 3 days of life, had a late onset, and had a high specificity (>95%) and a high positive LR for death within 3 days. They included nonreactive pupils (positive LR, 16.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.9‐18.6), a decreased response to verbal stimuli (positive LR, 8.3; 95% CI, 7.7‐9), a decreased response to visual stimuli (positive LR, 6.7; 95% CI, 6.3‐7.1), an inability to close eyelids (positive LR, 13.6; 95% CI, 11.7‐15.5), drooping of the nasolabial fold (positive LR, 8.3; 95% CI, 7.7‐8.9), hyperextension of the neck (positive LR, 7.3; 95% CI, 6.7‐8), grunting of vocal cords (positive LR, 11.8; 95% CI, 10.3‐13.4), and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (positive LR, 10.3; 95% CI, 9.5‐11.1).CONCLUSIONSEight highly specific physical signs associated with death within 3 days among cancer patients were identified. These signs may inform the diagnosis of impending death. Cancer 2015;121:960–967. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Colocalization of allatotropin and tachykinin‐related peptides with classical transmitters in physiologically distinct subtypes of olfactory local interneurons in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana)
Authors: Fusca Debora , Schachtner Joachim , Kloppenburg Peter 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn the insect antennal lobe different types of local interneurons mediate complex excitatory and inhibitory interactions between the glomerular pathways to structure the spatiotemporal representation of odors. Mass spectrometric and immunohistochemical studies have shown that in local interneurons classical neurotransmitters are likely to colocalize with a variety of substances that can potentially act as cotransmitters or neuromodulators. In the antennal lobe of the cockroach Periplaneta americana, gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been identified as the potential inhibitory transmitter of spiking type I local interneurons, whereas acetylcholine is most likely the excitatory transmitter of nonspiking type IIa1 local interneurons. This study used whole‐cell patch clamp recordings combined with single‐cell labeling and immunohistochemistry to test if the GABAergic type I local interneurons and the cholinergic type IIa1 local interneurons express allatotropin and tachykinin‐related neuropeptides (TKRPs). These are two of the most abundant types of peptides in the insect antennal lobe. GABA‐like and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)‐like immunoreactivity were used as markers for GABAergic and cholinergic neurons, respectively. About 50% of the GABA‐like immunoreactive (‐lir) spiking type I local interneurons were allatotropin‐lir, and ∼40% of these neurons were TKRP‐lir. About 20% of nonspiking ChAT‐lir type IIa1 local interneurons were TKRP‐lir. Our results suggest that in subpopulations of GABAergic and cholinergic local interneurons, allatotropin and TKRPs might act as cotransmitters or neuromodulators. To unequivocally assign neurotransmitters, cotransmitters, and neuromodulators to identified classes of antennal lobe neurons is an important step to deepen our understanding of information processing in the insect olfactory system. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1569–1586, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fractional‐order mutual inductance: analysis and design
Authors: Soltan Ahmed , Radwan Ahmed G. , Soliman Ahmed M. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis paper introduces for the first time the generalized concept of the mutual inductance in the fractional‐order domain where the symmetrical and unsymmetrical behaviors of the fractional‐order mutual inductance are studied. To use the fractional mutual inductance in circuit design and simulation, an equivalent circuit is presented with its different conditions of operation. Also, simulations for the impedance matrix parameters of the fractional mutual inductance equivalent circuit using Advanced Design System and MATLAB are illustrated. The Advanced Design System and MATLAB simulations of the double‐tuned filter based on the fractional mutual inductance are discussed. A great matching between the numerical analysis and the circuit simulation appears, which confirms the reliability of the concept of the fractional mutual inductance. Also, the analysis of the impedance matching using the fractional‐order mutual inductance is introduced. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Segmentation and tracking of stem cells in time lapse microscopy to quantify dynamic behavioral changes during spheroid formation
Authors: Jiang Ching‐Fen , Hsu Shan‐hui , Tsai Ka‐Pei , Tsai Ming‐Hong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDynamic behavior of stem cells during in vitro development is diverse. Previous cell tracking studies have focused more on cell proliferation than on cell aggregation. However, the enhancement of cell proliferation in association with cell aggregation has been reported. In a previous study, we also demonstrated that the aggregation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells to form three‐dimensional (3D) cellular spheroids helped maintain the expression of stemness marker genes in the cells. However, the dynamic behavioral changes triggered by spheroid formation remain to be investigated. A scheme of image processing techniques is proposed to meet this need. A hybrid‐thresholding technique was first developed for efficient segmentation of cell clusters, after which a cell tracking method based on pair‐matching with topological constraints was designed. Two morphological indices were derived to track the timing of 3D spheroid formation during the cellular aggregation process. Five cell motility indices measured from single cells and 3D spheroids were then compared. After confirmation of more than 90% correspondence between the results obtained by manual tracking and the proposed methods, an analysis of cellular behavior reveals a significant increase in motility in association with spheroid formation, consistent with a previous report that used a gene expression approach. This study proposed a systematic image analysis method to quantify the dynamic behavior of stem cells for stemness evaluation during cell culturing in vitro. Results demonstrated the validity of the developed platform in investigation of the dynamic behavior of cell aggregation in stem cell cultures in vitro. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Rationale and design of MinerAlocorticoid Receptor antagonist Tolerability Study‐Heart Failure (ARTS‐HF): a randomized study of finerenone vs. eplerenone in patients who have worsening chronic heart failure with diabetes and/or chronic kidney disease
Authors: Pitt Bertram , Anker Stefan D. , Böhm Michael , Gheorghiade Mihai , Køber Lars , Krum Henry , Maggioni Aldo P. , Ponikowski Piotr , Voors Adriaan A. , Zannad Faiez , Nowack Christina , Kim So‐Young , Pieper Alexander , Kimmeskamp‐Kirschbaum Nina , Filippatos Gerasimos 
Published: February 2015

AimsTo investigate the safety and potential efficacy of the novel non‐steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone in patients with worsening chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) and at high risk of hyperkalaemia and worsening renal dysfunction.Methods and resultsThe MinerAlocorticoid Receptor antagonist Tolerability Study‐Heart Failure (ARTS‐HF; NCT01807221) is a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, active‐comparator‐controlled, six‐parallel‐group, phase 2b dose‐finding study. In total, 1060 patients with HFrEF and concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD) will be randomized within 7 days of emergency presentation to hospital for worsening chronic HF to receive finerenone (one of five doses in the range 2.5–20.0 mg once daily) or eplerenone (25 mg every second day to 50 mg once daily for 90 days). The primary objective is to investigate the safety and potential efficacy (measured as the percentage of individuals with a decrease in plasma N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide [NT‐proBNP] of more than 30% relative to baseline at day 90 ± 2) of different oral doses of finerenone compared with eplerenone. Other objectives are to assess the effects of finerenone on a composite clinical endpoint (death from any cause, cardiovascular hospitalizations, or emergency presentations for worsening chronic HF), and on changes in health‐related quality of life from baseline.ConclusionsARTS‐HF is the first phase 2b clinical trial to investigate the effects of finerenone on plasma NT‐proBNP in a high‐risk population of patients who have worsening chronic HF with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or CKD presenting at the emergency department.
Alkynyl‐Functionalized Imidazolium for “Click” Dendrimer Functionalisation and Palladium Nanoparticle Stabilization
Authors: Deraedt Christophe , d'Halluin Martin , Lesturgez Stephanie , Salmon Lionel , Goglio Graziella , Ruiz Jaime , Astruc Didier 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFunctionalization of imidazolium salts (IMSs) that allow easy derivation of molecular or solid supports are called for in various applications. Here, the synthesis of an alkyne‐containing IMS can be achieved in three steps from 2,4,6‐trimethylaniline, and this IMS can be further successfully functionalized by using either Sonogashira or a “click” CuAAC reaction that was applied to dendritic IMS synthesis giving high yields. Applications are illustrated for Pd nanoparticle stabilization by the IMS dendrimer for Suzuki–Miyaura catalysis.
Al3+‐Ion‐Triggered Conformational Isomerization of a Rhodamine B Derivative Evidenced by a Fluorescence Signal – A Crystallographic Proof
Authors: Sen Buddhadeb , Pal Siddhartha , Banerjee Samya , Lohar Somenath , Chattopadhyay Pabitra 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA newly designed rhodamine B anisaldehyde hydrazone exhibits Al3+‐ion‐induced cis (L) to trans (L′) conformational isomerization with respect to the xanthene moiety through a rotation about a N–N bond; the isomerization is indicated by a detectable naked‐eye color change and a turn‐on red fluorescence in 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer (EtOH/Water 1:9 v/v; pH 7.4) at 25 °C. In support of this observation, detailed spectroscopic and physicochemical studies along with density function theory (DFT) calculations have been performed. This cis‐to‐trans conformational isomerization is due to Al3+ ion coordination, which induces this visual color change and the turn‐on fluorescence response. To strengthen our knowledge of the conformational isomerization, detailed structural characterizations of the cis and trans isomers in the solid state were performed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first structural report of both cis and trans conformational isomers for this family of compounds. Moreover, this noncytotoxic probe could be used to image the accumulation of Al3+ ions in HeLa and MCF‐7 cell lines.
Antimicrobial and Antitumor Activity of Enantiopure Pybox–Osmium Complexes
Authors: Menéndez‐Pedregal Estefanía , Manteca Ángel , Sánchez Jesús , Díez J. , Gamasa M. Pilar , Lastra Elena 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe antiproliferative activities of enantiopure (S,S)‐iPr‐pybox osmium(II) complexes {(S,S)‐iPr‐pybox = 2,6‐bis[4′(S)‐isopropyloxazolin‐2′‐yl]pyridine} against microbes and tumor cell lines (HeLa and HT29) as well as their interactions with plasmidic DNA have been studied. All of the analyzed compounds interacted in vitro with plasmidic DNA. They also interacted in vivo with microbes and tumor cell lines, as demonstrated by their interference with microbial growth and induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells. In particular, an IC50 value of 2.7 ± 0.3 μM has been found for trans‐[OsCl2{(S,S)‐iPr‐pybox}(1‐PhCH2‐PTA)][Br] (PTA = 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane). All of the water‐soluble complexes used in these studies have been synthesized in high yields and were fully characterized.
A Tuned Bicyclic Proazaphosphatrane for Catalytically Enhanced N‐Arylation Reactions with Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Kim So Han , Kim Min , Verkade John G. , Kim Youngjo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe N‐arylation of various amines with aryl chlorides proceeded in good‐to‐excellent yields in the presence of P[N{(p‐NMe2)C6H4CH2}CH2CH2]3N (1e, a new electron‐rich proazaphosphatrane ligand) and small amounts of Pd2(dba)3 (dba = dibenzylideneacetone). This catalytic system was also very effective for the synthesis of carbazoles.
Synthesis of Simplified Halogenated Chondramide Derivatives with Strong Cytostatic Properties
Authors: Becker Dominic , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRemoving the methyl groups and the stereogenic centers from the ω‐hydroxy acid of the chondramides results in a significant drop in the cytotoxicity of these interesting depsipeptides. This effect can be almost compensated for by introduction of a second chlorine atom on the β‐tyrosine moiety of the natural products. These simplified chondramides are much easier accessible than natural chondramides.
Facile One‐Pot Transformation of Arenes into Aromatic Nitriles under Metal‐Cyanide‐Free Conditions
Authors: Tamura Toshiyuki , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractElectron‐rich arenes bearing methyl or methoxy groups on the aromatic ring were treated with dichloromethyl methyl ether and ZnBr2, and then with molecular iodine and aq. ammonia to give the corresponding aromatic nitriles in good yields. Using this method, febuxostat was efficiently prepared from 4‐bromophenol in four steps. The method can be used for the preparation of aromatic nitriles from arenes in one pot under metal‐cyanide‐free conditions.
Evidence for climatic and hillslope‐aspect controls on vadose zone hydrology and implications for saprolite weathering
Authors: Langston Abigail L. , Tucker Gregory E. , Anderson Robert S. , Anderson Suzanne P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThrough the delivery of water in snowmelt, climate should govern the rate and extent of saprolite formation in snow‐dominated mountain watersheds, yet the mechanisms by which water flows deeply into regolith are largely unexplored. In this study we link rainfall, snow depth, and water content data from both soil and shallow saprolite to document vadose zone dynamics in two montane catchments over 2 years. Measurements of snow pack thickness and soil moisture reveal strong contrasts between north‐ and south‐facing slopes in both the timing of meltwater delivery and the duration of significant soil wetting in the shallow vadose zone. Despite similar magnitudes of snowmelt recharge, north‐facing slopes have higher sustained soil moisture compared to south‐facing slopes. To help interpret these observations, we use a 2D numerical model of vadose zone dynamics to calculate the expected space–time moisture patterns on an idealized hillslope under two wetting scenarios: a single sustained recharge pulse versus a set of short pulses. The model predicts that the duration of the recharge event exerts a stronger control on the depth and residence time of water in the upper unsaturated zone than the magnitude of the recharge event. Model calculations also imply that water should move more slowly through the subsurface and downward water flux should be substantially reduced when water is applied in several pulses rather than in one sustained event. The results suggest that thicker soil and more deeply weathered rock on north‐facing slopes may reflect greater water supply to the deep subsurface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of clinical target volume in patients with lateralized cancer of the nasopharynx and without contralateral lymph node metastasis receiving intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Sun Ying , Yu Xiao‐Li , Zhang Guang‐Shun , Liu Yi‐Min , Tao Chang‐Juan , Guo Rui , Tang Ling‐Long , Zhang Rong , Guo Ying , Ma Jun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated lymph node distribution in patients with lateralized cancer of the nasopharynx to identify areas suitable for clinical target volume (CTV) reduction.MethodsA total of 1680 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) whose tumor involvement was assessed by MRI were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsOne hundred and twelve patients (7%) had a lateralized primary lesion. Of these, 9 patients (8%) had contralateral lymph nodes including 4 (4%) who had contralateral cervical lymph nodes (CLNs). The rates of contralateral level III/Va metastasis were <1% (1 of 104) and 12.5% (1 of 8) in patients without and with contralateral retropharynx/level II involvement, respectively. No known risk factors were significantly associated with contralateral lymph node metastasis.ConclusionReduced cervical CTV coverage, including the contralateral level II, is feasible in patients with lateralized primary NPC, which may help to better protect the cervical OAR, including the thyroid, larynx, and esophagus. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E468–E472, 2016