bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed Micellization Behavior of Gemini (Cationic Ester-Bonded) Surfactants with Conventional (Cationic, Anionic and Nonionic) Surfactants in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Prinz Eva-Marie , Szamocki Rafael , Nica Valentin , Hempelmann Rolf 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Two cationic ester-bonded cleavable gemini surfactants of different hydrophobic chain length ethane-1,2-diyl bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-alkylammoniumacetoxy)dichloride, C
n
H2n+1(CH3)2N+(CH2COOCH2)2N+(CH3)2C
n
H2n+1. 2Cl- (n-E2-n, n=12, 16), having ester linkage in the spacer, were synthesized adopting the reported procedure. Physicochemical properties of the single and binary gemini-conventional mixed micelles of different mole fractions were studied by conductivity measurements at 30 ºC. The conventional surfactants used were: DTAC (dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride), CTAC (hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride), CPC (cetylpyridinium chloride), SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), SDBS (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate), TX-100 (t-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol) and Brij 58 (polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether). Whereas the critical micelle concentration (cmc) values for the dicationic geminis (12-E2-12 and 16-E2-16) were found to be very low as compared to the respective monomeric surfactant with the same number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic chain per hydrophilic head group, those for all the binary systems were found to be less than the ideal cmc values studied at different mole fractions of the geminis. This synergistic interaction between the surfactants has been analyzed in the light of various theoretical models such as Clint, Rubingh, Motomura and Maeda.
Characteristics and Electrochemical Reaction Kinetics of Polyaniline Nanofibers as a Promoter of Pt Electrode for Methanol Electrocatalytic Oxidation
Authors: Wang Jun , Ning Yege , Wen Yufeng , Wen Yang , Dong Ting , Wang Dongmei , Chen Jinmei , Zhang Lijun 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The addition of La2O3 to an aniline polymerizing system to promote the formation of polyaniline nanofibers (PANI-La2O3) is herein demonstrated. The fiberization rate is significantly increased by the inducing of La2O3. Only trace amounts of lanthanum advantageously remain in the product, which therefore negligibly influence the electrochemical characteristics of the resulting polyaniline fibers. Research for the electrochemical reaction kinetics of PANI-La2O3 nanofiber indicates that the redox rate of polyaniline between leucoemeraldine and emeraldine is controlled by electron transfer and proton (H
+
) diffusion. The standard rate constants of the redox and the diffusion coefficients of H
+
are measured at 20 ºC. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) results indicate that PANI-La2O3 nanofibers are resistant against electrochemical degradation. Moreover, the modification of Pt electrode with PANI-La2O3 nanofibers promotes the efficiency of methanol electro-oxidation.
Torquato Tasso and Lighter Musical Genres: Canzonetta Settings of the Rime
Authors: Ricciardi Emiliano 
Published: January 2013

Scholars of the madrigal have often emphasized Torquato Tasso’s role in the emergence of a serious musical manner that differed sharply from the widespread canzonetta style of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. This emphasis is grounded in Tasso’s endorsement of musical gravitas in the dialogue La Cavaletta from the mid-1580s, as well as in some settings of Gerusalemme liberata, the musical style of which matched the heroic tone of the poetry.
Tasso, however, produced many poems that were suitable to lighter musical styles. In particular, he wrote several short strophic compositions of light tone, that is, canzonetta poems. Numerous composers set these as such or as canzonetta madrigals, the hybrid genre that became popular in the late sixteenth century. This poetic-musical repertoire counters Tasso’s and scholars’ emphasis on gravitas and prompts a reconsideration of his impact on music that takes into greater account his substantial contribution to lighter genres.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Web-Based Tobacco Cessation Education Program
Authors: Gordon Judith S. , Mahabee-Gittens E. Melinda , Andrews Judy A. , Christiansen Steven M. , Byron David J. 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVES:
We report the results of a randomized clinical trial of a 3-hour, web-based, tobacco cessation education program, the Web-Based Respiratory Education About Tobacco and Health (WeBREATHe) program, for practicing pediatric respiratory therapists (RTs), registered nurses (RNs), and nurse practitioners (NPs).

METHODS:
Two hundred fifteen RTs (n = 40), RNs (n = 163), and NPs (n = 12) employed at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Children’s Hospital, University of Colorado at Denver, participated in this study. All study activities were completed online. After consenting, participants were randomly assigned to either the training (intervention) or delayed training (control) condition. The training condition consisted of a 3-hour continuing education unit course plus ongoing online resources. Participants were assessed at baseline, 1 week, and 3 months after enrollment.

RESULTS:
Participants in the training condition were more likely to increase their tobacco cessation intervention behaviors than their delayed training counterparts (F[1, 213] = 32.03, P &lt; .001). Training participants showed significantly greater levels of advise (F[1, 213] = 7.22, P &lt; .001); assess (F[1, 213] = 19.56, P &lt; .001); and particularly assist/arrange (F[1213] = 35.52, P &lt; .001). In addition, training condition participants rated the program highly on measures of consumer satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS:
The WeBREATHe program is the first evidence-based education program in tobacco cessation designed specifically for pediatric RTs, RNs, and NPs. Engagement in WeBREATHe increased participants’ tobacco cessation-related behaviors.
Physical Activity and 3-Year BMI Change in Overweight and Obese Children
Authors: Trinh Andrew , Campbell Michele , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Gerner Bibi , Wake Melissa 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVES:
Targeting physical activity (PA) is a mainstay in obesity treatment, but its BMI benefits are poorly quantified. We studied long-term predictive PA-BMI relationships in overweight/obese children presenting to primary care.

METHODS:
Three-year follow-up of 182 overweight/obese 5- to 10-year-olds recruited from 45 Melbourne general practices. Predictor: 7-day accelerometry (counts per minute, cpm). Outcomes: change in BMI z score, BMI category, and clinically significant BMI improvement (z score change ≥0.5). Analysis: Linear and logistic regression.

RESULTS:
Mean (SD) baseline and 3-year BMI z scores were 1.8 (0.6) and 1.8 (0.7), and mean (SD) activity scores 334 (111) and 284 (104) cpm, respectively. Baseline activity did not predict BMI change. However, for every 100 cpm increase in change in activity over 3 years, BMI z score fell by 0.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.20; P = .006). There were also trends toward greater odds of staying in the same, versus moving to a higher, BMI category (odds ratio 1.85, 95% CI 0.99–3.46) and clinically significant BMI improvement (odds ratio 1.96, 95% CI 0.90–4.27; P = .09). Change in percentage time spent in moderate-vigorous (P = .01), but not sedentary (P = .39) or light (P = .59), activity predicted reduced BMI z score.

CONCLUSIONS:
Sustained increase in moderate-vigorous PA predicts reducing BMI z score over 3 years in overweight/obese children presenting to primary care. However, the small BMI change associated with even the largest activity changes may explain disappointing BMI outcomes of brief primary care interventions targeting PA.
Memory and Health-Related Quality of Life in Severe Pediatric Epilepsy
Authors: Hrabok Marianne , Sherman Elisabeth M.S. , Bello-Espinosa Luis , Hader Walter 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the contributions of sociodemographic, neurologic, and neuropsychological variables to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with epilepsy and high seizure burden. Focus was placed on the relationship between memory and HRQoL, which has not been previously investigated.

METHODS:
Ninety children with epilepsy receiving clinical care at a tertiary-level children’s hospital were retrospectively identified. Primary assessment measures were verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test–Children’s Version) and HRQoL. Other neuropsychological variables included intellectual function, executive function, emotional and behavioral function, and adaptive function. Sociodemographic and neurologic variables were extracted from chart review.

RESULTS:
No significant correlations were found between HRQoL and sociodemographic or neurologic variables. Moderate correlations were found between neuropsychological variables and HRQoL. Emotional function (Child Behavior Checklist) and verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test–Children’s Version) emerged as significant predictor variables of HRQoL. Low verbal memory was associated with a twofold risk of low HRQoL, emotional and behavioral difficulty with a 10-fold risk, and the combination of emotional and behavioral difficulty and low verbal memory with a 17-fold risk.

CONCLUSIONS:
Verbal memory and emotional and behavioral difficulty are associated with increased risk of low HRQoL, even when other important variables are considered in children with high seizure burden. The results reinforce the importance of neuropsychological assessment in clinical care in pediatric epilepsy and suggest important areas of focus for psychological intervention.
Intestinal Microbiota of Infants With Colic: Development and Specific Signatures
Authors: de Weerth Carolina , Fuentes Susana , Puylaert Philippe , de Vos Willem M. 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVES:
To provide a comprehensive analysis of the fecal microbiota in infants with colic, as compared with control infants, during their first 100 days of life.

METHODS:
Microbial DNA of &gt;200 samples from 12 infants with colic and 12 age-matched control infants was extracted and hybridized to a phylogenetic microarray.

RESULTS:
Microbiota diversity gradually increased after birth only in the control group; moreover, in the first weeks, the diversity of the colic group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The stability of the successive samples also appeared to be significantly lower in the infants with colic for the first weeks. Further analyses revealed which bacterial groups were responsible for colic-related differences in microbiota at age 1 or 2 weeks, the earliest ages with significant differences. Proteobacteria were significantly increased in infants with colic compared with control infants, with a relative abundance that was more than twofold. In contrast, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were significantly reduced in infants with colic. Moreover, the colic phenotype correlated positively with specific groups of proteobacteria, including bacteria related to Escherichia, Klebsiella, Serratia, Vibrio, Yersinia, and Pseudomonas, but negatively with bacteria belonging to the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla, the latter of which includes some lactobacilli and canonical groups known to produce butyrate and lactate.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results indicate the presence of microbial signatures in the first weeks of life in infants who later develop colic. These microbial signatures may be used to understand the excessive crying. The results offer opportunities for early diagnostics as well as for developing specific therapies.
Medical Complexity and Pediatric Emergency Department and Inpatient Utilization
Authors: O’Mahony Lila , O’Mahony D. Shane , Simon Tamara D. , Neff John , Klein Eileen J. , Quan Linda 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVES:To characterize the use of and disposition from a tertiary pediatric emergency department (PED) by children with chronic conditions with varying degrees of medical complexity.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a dataset of all registered PED patient visits at Seattle Children’s Hospital from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2009. Children’s medical complexity was classified by using a validated algorithm (Clinical Risk Group software) into nonchronic and chronic conditions: episodic chronic, lifelong chronic, progressive chronic, and malignancy. Outcomes included PED length of stay (LOS) and disposition. Logistic regression generated age-adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of admission with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTS:PED visits totaled 77 748; 20% (15 433) of which were for children with chronic conditions. Compared with visits for children without chronic conditions, those for children with chronic conditions had increased PED LOS (on average, 79 minutes longer; 95% CI 77–81; P &lt; .0001) and hospital (51% vs 10%) and PICU (3.2% vs 0.1%) admission rates (AOR 10.3, 95% CI 9.9–10.7 to hospital and AOR 25.0, 95% CI 17.0–36.0 to PICU). Admission rates and PED LOS increased with increasing medical complexity.CONCLUSIONS:Children with chronic conditions comprise a significant portion of annual PED visits in a tertiary pediatric center; medical complexity is associated with increased PED LOS and hospital or PICU admission. Clinical Risk Group may have utility in identifying high utilizers of PED resources and help support the development of interventions to facilitate optimal PED management, such as pre-arrival identification and individual emergency care plans.
Risk Factors for Renal Injury in Children With a Solitary Functioning Kidney
Authors: Westland Rik , Kurvers Roel A.J. , van Wijk Joanna A.E. , Schreuder Michiel F. 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE:
The hyperfiltration hypothesis implies that children with a solitary functioning kidney are at risk to develop hypertension, proteinuria, and chronic kidney disease. We sought to determine the presenting age of renal injury and identify risk factors for children with a solitary functioning kidney.

METHODS:
We evaluated 407 patients for signs of renal injury, defined as hypertension, proteinuria, an impaired glomerular filtration rate, and/or the use of renoprotective medication. Patients were subdivided on the basis of type of solitary functioning kidney and the presence of ipsilateral congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). The development of renal injury was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Risk factors were identified by using logistic regression models.

RESULTS:
Renal injury was found in 37% of all children. Development of renal injury increased by presence of ipsilateral CAKUT (odds ratio [OR] 1.66; P = .04) and age (OR 1.09; P &lt; .001). Renal length was inversely associated with the risk to develop renal injury (OR 0.91; P = .04). In all patients, the median time to renal injury was 14.8 years (95% confidence interval 13.7–16.0 years). This was significantly shortened for patients with ipsilateral CAKUT (12.8 years, 95% confidence interval 10.6–15.1 years).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study determines independent risk factors for renal injury in children with a solitary functioning kidney. Because many children develop renal injury, we emphasize the need for clinical follow-up in these patients starting at birth.
Population-Based Estimates of In-Unit Survival for Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Manktelow Bradley N. , Seaton Sarah E. , Field David J. , Draper Elizabeth S. 
Published: January 2013

BACKGROUND:Estimates of the probability of survival of very preterm infants admitted to NICU care are vital for counseling parents, informing care, and planning services. In 1999, easy-to-use charts of survival according to gestation, birth weight, and gender were published in the United Kingdom. These charts are widely used in clinical care and for benchmarking survival, and they form the core of the Clinical Risk Index for Babies II score. Since their publication, the survival of preterm infants has improved, and the charts therefore need updating.METHODS:A logistic model was fitted with gestational age, birth weight, and gender. Nonlinear functions were estimated by using fractional polynomials. Bootstrap methods were used to assess the internal validity of the final model. The final model was assessed both overall and for subgroups of infants by using Farrington’s statistic, the c-statistic, Cox regression coefficients, and the Brier score.RESULTS:A total of 2995 white singleton infants born at 23+0 to 32+6 weeks’ gestation in 2008 through 2010 were identified; 2751 (91.9%) infants survived to discharge. A prediction model was estimated and good model fit confirmed (area under receiver-operating characteristics curve = 0.86). Survival ranged from 27.7% (23 weeks) to 99.1% (32 weeks) for boys and from 34.5% (23 weeks) to 99.3% (32 weeks) for girls. Updated charts were produced showing estimated survival according to gestation, birth weight and gender, together with contour plots displaying points of equal survival.CONCLUSIONS:These survival charts have been updated and will be of use to clinicians, parents, and managers.
XBRL Mandate: Thousands of Filing Errors and So What?
Authors: Du Hui , Vasarhelyi Miklos A. , Zheng Xiaochuan 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Since the mandate by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to begin interactive data reporting in June 2009, according to XBRL Cloud, an XBRL product and service provider, more than 4,000 filing errors have been identified. We examine the overall changing pattern of the errors to understand whether the large number of errors may hamper the transition to interactive data reporting. Using a sample of 4,532 filings that contain 4,260 errors, we document a significant learning curve exhibited by the XBRL filers. Specifically, we find that the number of errors per filing is significantly decreasing when a company files more times, suggesting that the company filers or the filing agents many companies use learn from their experiences and therefore the future filings are improved. Our findings provide evidence to encourage the regulatory body, the filers, and the XBRL technology supporting community to embrace the new disclosure requirement in financial reporting. The significantly decreased error pattern also helps address the information users' concerns regarding the data quality of XBRL filings.
Data Availability: Data are publicly available from the sources identified in the study.
Foundations of an intervention package to improve communication in residential care settings
Authors: Pryce Helen , Gooberman-Hill Rachael 
Published: January 2013

Background:
The prevalence of hearing loss is considerably higher in individuals in residential care than in people within the community-dwelling population, and yet hearing aids and hearing services are relatively underused. Care staff have a key role in supporting access to services.

Objectives:
This study identifies staff perspectives on hearing loss and their views about potential hearing service improvements.

Study design:
A four-stage mixed methods study was used, made up of qualitative interviews, observation, a survey and a stakeholder involvement meeting.

Results:
The qualitative stages indicated that staff were concerned about their levels of interaction with residents. Staff considered maximizing communication as part of their professional role. The quantitative survey indicated that these views were widely held by staff, and the stakeholder stage identified the need for social support and dedicated staff training opportunities.

Conclusion:
Care home staff regard communication as a shared issue. Future interventions could enhance access to hearing services and provide care home staff with training in hearing loss and hearing aid management.
Explaining an Unstable Landscape: Claiming the Islands of the Early-Modern Rhone
Authors: Reynard Pierre Claude 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The powerful floods of the early-modern river Rhône, in south-eastern France, frequently reshaped shorelines, unpredictably destroying and creating hundreds of islands of all sizes. The claims occasioned by these transformations triggered countless and often complex disputes that, in turn, generated reflections on the origins of these 'new' lands. These interpretations, intended to advance complex legal arguments, varied along the river. A clear north-south contrast emerges from surviving documents that show that explanations of the emergence of alluvial lands were suited to the socio-economic structures of the northern and southern sections of the Rhone and, more particularly, the relative balance of private/common property.
The Rise and Demise of South Africa's First School of Forestry
Authors: Bennett Brett M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This article examines the unexplored history of South Africa's first school of forestry. It argues that leading South African politicians and foresters created a school of forestry in the country because they wanted a school where South Africa's future forestry officers could gain practical and theoretical experience of forestry in local conditions rather than going to Britain, Europe or India, where environmental conditions differed. The school was touted proudly as the first school of forestry in South Africa and the southern hemisphere. But the school, which the South African College and the Cape Colony's Forestry Department directed jointly, ran into political and staff problems and closed only five years after its opening. This article shows how the school's closing was the result of inter-colonial political tensions and institutional problems that were exacerbated by the migration of power from Cape Town to Pretoria following the Act of Union in 1910.
Increased cancer burden among pesticide applicators and others due to pesticide exposure
Authors: Alavanja Michael C. R. , Ross Matthew K. , Bonner Matthew R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA growing number of well‐designed epidemiological and molecular studies provide substantial evidence that the pesticides used in agricultural, commercial, and home and garden applications are associated with excess cancer risk. This risk is associated both with those applying the pesticide and, under some conditions, those who are simply bystanders to the application. In this article, the epidemiological, molecular biology, and toxicological evidence emerging from recent literature assessing the link between specific pesticides and several cancers including prostate cancer, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, and breast cancer are integrated. Although the review is not exhaustive in its scope or depth, the literature does strongly suggest that the public health problem is real. If we are to avoid the introduction of harmful chemicals into the environment in the future, the integrated efforts of molecular biology, pesticide toxicology, and epidemiology are needed to help identify the human carcinogens and thereby improve our understanding of human carcinogenicity and reduce cancer risk. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;. © 2013 American Cancer Society.