bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameterization of Cloud Microphysics Based on the Prediction of Bulk Ice Particle Properties. Part II: Case Study Comparisons with Observations and Other Schemes
Authors: Morrison Hugh , Milbrandt Jason A. , Bryan George H. , Ikeda Kyoko , Tessendorf Sarah A. , Thompson Gregory 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A new microphysics scheme has been developed based on the prediction of bulk particle properties for a single ice-phase category, in contrast to the traditional approach of separating ice into various predefined species (e.g., cloud ice, snow, and graupel). In this paper, the new predicted particle properties (P3) scheme, described in Part I of this series, is tested in three-dimensional simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model for two contrasting well-observed cases: a midlatitude squall line and winter orographic precipitation. Results are also compared with simulations using other schemes in WRF. Simulations with P3 can produce a wide variety of particle characteristics despite having only one free ice-phase category. For the squall line, it produces dense, fast-falling, hail-like ice near convective updraft cores and lower-density, slower-falling ice elsewhere. Sensitivity tests show that this is critical for simulating high precipitation rates observed along the leading edge of the storm. In contrast, schemes that represent rimed ice as graupel, with lower fall speeds than hail, produce lower peak precipitation rates and wider, less distinct, and less realistic regions of high convective reflectivity. For the orographic precipitation case, P3 produces areas of relatively fast-falling ice with characteristics of rimed snow and low- to medium-density graupel on the windward slope. This leads to less precipitation on leeward slopes and more on windward slopes compared to the other schemes that produce large amounts of snow relative to graupel (with generally the opposite for schemes with significant graupel relative to snow). Overall, the new scheme produces reasonable results for a reduced computational cost.
Clarifying the Roles of Greenhouse Gases and ENSO in Recent Global Warming through Their Prediction Performance
Authors: Triacca Umberto , Pasini Antonello , Attanasio Alessandro , Giovannelli Alessandro , Lippi Marco 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIt is well known that natural external forcings and decadal-to-millennial variability drove changes in the climate system throughout the Holocene. Regarding recent times, attribution studies have shown that greenhouse gases (GHGs) determined the trend of temperature (T) in the last half century, while circulation patterns contributed to modify its interannual, decadal, or multidecadal behavior over this period. Here temperature predictions based on vector autoregressive models (VARs) have been used to study the influence of GHGs and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on recent temperature behavior. It is found that in the last decades of steep temperature increase, ENSO shows just a very short-range influence on T, while GHGs are dominant for each forecast horizon. Conversely and quite surprisingly, in the previous quasi-stationary period the influences of GHGs and ENSO are comparable, even at longer range. Therefore, if the recent hiatus in global temperatures should persist into the near future, an enhancement of the role of ENSO can be expected. Finally, the predictive ability of GHGs is more evident in the Southern Hemisphere, where the temperature series is smoother.
African Philosophy: The State of its Historiography
Authors: Oguejiofor J. Obi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDeparting from Charles Taylor’s statement that philosophy is inescapably historical, the paper tries to examine several attempts to write the history of African philosophy. It notes that contrary to the experience of many other regional philosophies there is yet no comprehensive history of African philosophy which takes full account of its the different spectrums and periods. A good number of authors who have tried to recount the history of African philosophy have dwelt only on aspects or periods of that philosophy thus precluding the advantage of presenting African philosophy as a coherent whole. An examination of the weakness and the strong points of some of these works leads to the assertion of the necessity of comprehensive history of African philosophy, as well as a weighing of the possible reasons why no serious attempt have been made in that direction. Writing such a work will be the last complement of the History of Africa.
Prevalence of oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS children in highly active antiretroviral therapy era. A literature analysis
Authors: Gaitán-Cepeda Luis Alberto , Sánchez-Vargas Octavio , Castillo Nydia 
Published: August 2014

Summary Highly active antiretroviral therapy has decreased the morbidity and mortality related to HIV infection, including oral opportunistic infections. This paper offers an analysis of the scientific literature on the epidemiological aspects of oral candidiasis in HIV-positive children in the combination antiretroviral therapy era. An electronic databases search was made covering the highly active antiretroviral therapy era (1998 onwards). The terms used were oral lesions, oral candidiasis and their combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy and HIV/AIDS children. The following data were collected from each paper: year and country in which the investigation was conducted, antiretroviral treatment, oral candidiasis prevalence and diagnostic parameters (clinical or microbiological). Prevalence of oral candidiasis varied from 2.9% in American HIV-positive children undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy to 88% in Chilean HIV-positive children without antiretroviral therapy. With respect to geographical location and antiretroviral treatment, higher oral candidiasis prevalence in HIV-positive children on combination antiretroviral therapy/antiretroviral therapy was reported in African children (79.1%) followed by 45.9% reported in Hindu children. In HIV-positive Chilean children on no antiretroviral therapy, high oral candidiasis prevalence was reported (88%) followed by Nigerian children (80%). Oral candidiasis is still frequent in HIV-positive children in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era irrespective of geographical location, race and use of antiretroviral therapy.
Angiotensin converting enzyme intron 16 insertion/deletion genotype is associated with plasma C-reactive protein concentration in uteroplacental dysfunction
Authors: Häupl Thomas , Zimmermann Mathias , Kalus Ulrich , Yürek Salih , Koscielny Jürgen , Hoppe Berthold 
Published: August 2014

Introduction: Disturbance of the uteroplacental circulation (UPC) and the renin-angiotensin system are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. In women with history of preeclampsia persistently elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have been described. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) intron 16 insertion/deletion (I/D) genotype is associated with ACE activity and assumed to be a risk factor for preeclampsia. As ACE generates proinflammatory angiotensin II, we analysed, whether ACE intron 16 I/D genotype is associated with CRP and whether this association exhibited a relation to uteroplacental dysfunction. Materials and methods: A total of 639 women have been followed during pregnancy with repeated measurements of CRP levels (observations: n=2333). ACE intron 16 I/D genotype was determined, and its association with CRP was assessed with adjustment for non-independent observations. Results: CRP levels of ACE D allele carriers were significantly higher than those of the ACE II (wild-type) genotype ( p=0.0003, padj=0.04). This relation was allele-dose dependent ( p<10−4, padj<0.02). Association between ACE I/D and CRP was significantly restricted to patients presenting with impaired UPC in univariate ( p<0.04) and multivariate analyses ( p=0.01). Conclusions: The ACE I/D genotype is significantly associated with CRP elevations during pregnancies complicated by disturbed UPC. Whether this effect on CRP is involved in pathogenesis of preeclampsia has to be elucidated.
Meta-analysis of the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism and aortic aneurysm risk
Authors: Song Yan , Miao Renying , Wang Hanjie , Qin Xiaoyu , Zhang Yonggan , Miao Chaofeng , Wang Zifan 
Published: August 2014

Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism has been indicated to be correlated with aortic aneurysm (AA) susceptibility, but study results are still debatable. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted. Methods: Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: Ten studies with 3557 cases and 5231 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The association between ACE I/D genotype and AA risk was significant (OR=1.30; 95%CI, 1.07–1.57; p<0.01; I2=68%). When stratified by ethnicity, a significantly elevated risk was observed in Caucasians (OR=1.31; 95%CI, 1.07–1.61; p<0.01; I2=71%). In the abdominal AA subgroup, a significantly increased risk was observed (OR=1.29; 95%CI, 1.03–1.62; p=0.02; I2=73%). However, ACE I/D polymorphism was not associated with thoracic AA risk (OR=1.33; 95%CI, 0.85–2.07; p=0.21; I2=52%). Subgroup analysis on blood pressure status showed that an increased risk was found in hypertensive patients (OR=1.52; 95%CI, 1.02–2.26; p=0.04; I2=0%) but not in normotensive subjects (OR=1.46; 95%CI, 0.72–2.96; p=0.30; I2=25%). Conclusions: In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggested that ACE I/D polymorphism is a risk factor for AA.
Impact of risk factors on the timing of first postpartum venous thromboembolism: a population-based cohort study from England
Authors: Abdul Sultan Alyshah , Grainge Matthew J. , West Joe , Fleming Kate M. , Nelson-Piercy Catherine , Tata Laila J. 
Published: August 2014

Key PointsFor women with preeclampsia, BMI >30 kg/m2, infection, or those having cesarean delivery, VTE risk remained elevated for 6 weeks postpartum. For women with postpartum hemorrhage or preterm birth, the relative rate of VTE was only increased for the first 3 weeks postpartum.
Effects of intervertebral disc disorders of low back on the mandibular kinematic: kinesiographic study
Authors: Spadaro Alessandro , Ciarrocchi Irma , Masci Chiara , Cozzolino Vincenzo , Monaco Annalisa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundIntervertebral disc disorders are one of the most common causes of low back pain. Neuromuscular dysfunction frequently is present in patients with lumbar disc herniation.When considering joint dysfunction, it is important to remember that the spine functions as a unit. Dysfunction on one level can trigger compensatory changes in other spinal levels or in other areas of the musculoskeleton. Findings demonstrated the relationship between stomatognathic and postural systems justifying the hypothesis that muscular-skeletal impairment in one system could affect the other one. However, evidence that a lumbar intervertebral disc herniation could influence the mandibular kinematics is still lacking. Aim of this study was to analyse the effects that intervertebral disc herniation of low back could have on the mandibular kinematics.FindingsKinesiographic evaluations of the mandibular dynamics of 23 adult patients suffering L4/L5 and L5/S1 lumbosacral disc hernation were compared with a non pathological control group. A statistically significant difference of maximal mouth opening (p < .05) and of maximal mouth opening velocity (p < .03) was found comparing the study patients with the control subjects.ConclusionLumbosacral disc herniation appears to be associated with changes in the activity of mandibular kinematics both in rate and quality of movement. The study suggests the existence of connections between masticatory system and lumbar disk herniation.
Modulation of Cerrena unicolor laccase and manganese peroxidase production
Authors: Kachlishvili Eva , Metreveli Eka , Elisashvili Vladimir 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAmong seven carbon sources tested, glycerol and glucose favored theCerrena unicolorlaccase production (18.8-20.3 U/mL); in addition, glycerol ensured the highest manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity (2 U/mL). Substitution of glycerol with the ethanol production residue (EPR) gave the highest laccase (90.1 U/mL) activity, while the walnut pericarp provided the highest MnP activity (7.4 U/mL). Supplementation of medium with 1 mM copper and 1 mM xylidine at appropriate time caused significant additive effect on laccase expression (333.2 U/mL) in shake-flask experiments. Overproduction of laccase activity (507 U/mL) and secretion of MnP activity was obtained whenC. unicolorwas cultivated in stirred-tank fermenter.C. unicolorshowed several distinctive and attractive technological features: it is capable to synthesize high levels of oxidases under high carbon and high nitrogen conditions and it secretes high laccase activity during trophophase.
The role of nuclear cardiac imaging in redefining neurogenic stunned myocardium in subarachnoid hemorrhage: a deeper look into the heart
Authors: Papanikolaou John , Makris Demosthenes , Zakynthinos Epaminondas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage may be complicated by neurogenic stunned myocardium, a catecholamine-induced transient cardiomyopathy that displays a wide clinical spectrum of cardiac abnormalities, including electrocardiographic changes, arrhythmias, myocardial necrosis, and left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction. However, less is known about the cardiac metabolic consequences of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. Prunet and coworkers’ recent study provides scintigraphic evidence suggesting that glucose metabolism and sympathetic cardiac innervation are severely and globally depressed during the acute phase of the disease. Metabolic and innervation abnormalities are largely overlapped and are probably not causally related to myocardial ischemia, suggesting that impaired glucose metabolism is probably neurogenic in nature. The scintigraphic defects seem to reverse slowly, within months of the onset of cerebral bleeding. Interestingly, scintigraphic evidence of metabolic myocardial alterations may exist even in the absence of clinical features of cardiac disease, possibly representing a subclinical type of neurogenic stunned myocardium.
Large hypomethylated blocks as a universal defining epigenetic alteration in human solid tumors
Authors: Timp Winston , Bravo Hector Corrada , McDonald Oliver G , Goggins Michael , Umbricht Chris , Zeiger Martha , Feinberg Andrew P , Irizarry Rafael A 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background
One of the most provocative recent observations in cancer epigenetics is the discovery of large hypomethylated blocks, including single copy genes, in colorectal cancer, that correspond in location to heterochromatic LOCKs (large organized chromatin lysine-modifications) and LADs (lamin-associated domains).

Methods
Here we performed a comprehensive genome-scale analysis of 10 breast, 28 colon, nine lung, 38 thyroid, 18 pancreas cancers, and five pancreas neuroendocrine tumors as well as matched normal tissue from most of these cases, as well as 51 premalignant lesions. We used a new statistical approach that allows the identification of large hypomethylated blocks on the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip platform.

Results
We find that hypomethylated blocks are a universal feature of common solid human cancer, and that they occur at the earliest stage of premalignant tumors and progress through clinical stages of thyroid and colon cancer development. We also find that the disrupted CpG islands widely reported previously, including hypermethylated island bodies and hypomethylated shores, are enriched in hypomethylated blocks, with flattening of the methylation signal within and flanking the islands. Finally, we found that genes showing higher between individual gene expression variability are enriched within these hypomethylated blocks.

Conclusion
Thus hypomethylated blocks appear to be a universal defining epigenetic alteration in human cancer, at least for common solid tumors.
Response to `Peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV (PADI4) haplotypes interact with shared epitope regardless of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody or erosive joint status in rheumatoid arthritis: a case control study'
Authors: Ikari Katsunori , Yano Koichiro , Yoshida Shinji , Taniguchi Atsuo , Yamanaka Hisashi , Momohara Shigeki 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNo abstract
Automated determination of bone age and bone mineral density in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a feasibility study
Authors: Anink Janneke , Nusman Charlotte M , van Suijlekom-Smit Lisette WA , van Rijn Rick R , Maas Mario , van Rossum Marion AJ 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Chronic inflammation combined with glucocorticoid treatment and immobilization puts juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients at risk of impaired growth and reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Conventional methods for evaluating bone age and BMD are time-consuming or come with additional costs and radiation exposure. In addition, an automated measurement of bone age and BMD is likely to be more consistent than visual evaluation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an automated method for determination of bone age and (cortical) bone mineral density (cBMD) in severely affected JIA patients. A secondary objective was to describe bone age and cBMD in this specific JIA population eligible for biologic treatment.

Methods
In total, 69 patients with standard hand radiographs at the start of etanercept treatment and of calendar age within the reliability ranges (2.5 to 17 years for boys and 2 to 15 years for girls) were extracted from the Dutch Arthritis and Biologicals in Children register. Radiographs were analyzed using the BoneXpert method, thus automatically determining bone age and cBMD expressed as bone health index (BHI). Agreement between measurements of the left- and right-hand radiographs and a repeated measurement of the left hand were assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with Z-scores of bone age and BHI.

Results
The BoneXpert method was reliable in the evaluation of radiographs of 67 patients (radiographs of 2 patients were rejected because of poor image quality). Agreement between left- and right-hand radiographs (ICC = 0.838 to 0.996) and repeated measurements (ICC = 0.999 to 1.000) was good. Mean Z-scores of bone age (-0.36, P = 0.051) and BHI (-0.85, P < 0.001) were lower compared to the healthy population. Glucocorticoid use was associated with delayed bone age (0.79 standard deviation (SD), P = 0.028), and male gender was associated with a lower Z-score of BHI (0.65 SD, P = 0.021).

Conclusions
BoneXpert is an easy-to-use method for assessing bone age and cBMD in patients with JIA, provided that radiographs are of reasonable quality and patients’ bone age lies within the age ranges of the program. The population investigated had delayed bone maturation and lower cBMD than healthy children.
Differences in the labor market entry of second-generation immigrants and ethnic Danes
Authors: Datta Gupta Nabanita , Kromann Lene 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Our study is one of the first to take search friction and cross-firm differences in factor productivity into account when investigating firm behavior towards second-generation immigrants in Denmark. We ensure sub-sample homogeneity in search models by matching second-generation immigrants to their ethnic Danish twins according to parental characteristics and informal network quality. We find that second-generation immigrants with a high-school or primary school education, in particular females, perform as well or better than their ethnic counterparts. Second generation immigrants with vocational education, in particular males, face lower arrival rates when unemployed and higher layoff rates than those of their twins.
A high color purity red emitting phosphor CaYAlO4:Mn4+ for LEDs
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Meng , Wang Jing , Wu Mingmei , Wang Chengxin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
An intense red phosphor, CaYAlO4:Mn4+, was developed by solid state reaction. The photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, concentration effect, thermal-dependent luminescence quenching properties and decay curves are investigated. The results show Mn4+ ion exhibits a broadband excitation extending from 250 to 550 nm and emits an intense red light at 710 nm with high color purity and stable chromaticity coordinates. These results demonstrate that Mn4+ ion can play a role of activator in narrow red emitting phosphor potentially useful in UV (~370 nm) GaN-base or Blue (~460 nm) InGaN-base LED.
Randomized Phase III Trial of Concurrent Accelerated Radiation Plus Cisplatin With or Without Cetuximab for Stage III to IV Head and Neck Carcinoma: RTOG 0522
Authors: Ang K. Kian , Zhang Qiang , Rosenthal David I. , Nguyen-Tan Phuc Felix , Sherman Eric J. , Weber Randal S. , Galvin James M. , Bonner James A. , Harris Jonathan , El-Naggar Adel K. , Gillison Maura L. , Jordan Richard C. , Konski Andre A. , Thorstad Wade L. , Trotti Andy , Beitler Jonathan J. , Garden Adam S. , Spanos William J. , Yom Sue S. , Axelrod Rita S. 
Published: August 2014

PurposeCombining cisplatin or cetuximab with radiation improves overall survival (OS) of patients with stage III or IV head and neck carcinoma (HNC). Cetuximab plus platinum regimens also increase OS in metastatic HNC. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group launched a phase III trial to test the hypothesis that adding cetuximab to the radiation-cisplatin platform improves progression-free survival (PFS).Patients and MethodsEligible patients with stage III or IV HNC were randomly assigned to receive radiation and cisplatin without (arm A) or with (arm B) cetuximab. Acute and late reactions were scored using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 3). Outcomes were correlated with patient and tumor features and markers.ResultsOf 891 analyzed patients, 630 were alive at analysis (median follow-up, 3.8 years). Cetuximab plus cisplatin-radiation, versus cisplatin-radiation alone, resulted in more frequent interruptions in radiation therapy (26.9% v 15.1%, respectively); similar cisplatin delivery (mean, 185.7 mg/m2v 191.1 mg/m2, respectively); and more grade 3 to 4 radiation mucositis (43.2% v 33.3%, respectively), rash, fatigue, anorexia, and hypokalemia, but not more late toxicity. No differences were found between arms A and B in 30-day mortality (1.8% v 2.0%, respectively; P = .81), 3-year PFS (61.2% v 58.9%, respectively; P = .76), 3-year OS (72.9% v 75.8%, respectively; P = .32), locoregional failure (19.9% v 25.9%, respectively; P = .97), or distant metastasis (13.0% v 9.7%, respectively; P = .08). Patients with p16-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC), compared with patients with p16-negative OPC, had better 3-year probability of PFS (72.8% v 49.2%, respectively; P < .001) and OS (85.6% v 60.1%, respectively; P < .001), but tumor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression did not distinguish outcome.ConclusionAdding cetuximab to radiation-cisplatin did not improve outcome and hence should not be prescribed routinely. PFS and OS were higher in patients with p16-positive OPC, but outcomes did not differ by EGFR expression.