bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Milestones and Development of Entrustable Professional Activities in 2 Hematology/Oncology Training Programs
Authors: Shumway Nathan M. , Dacus Jennifer J. , Lathrop Kate I. , Hernandez Elizabeth P. , Miller Maria , Karnad Anand B. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
The Next Accreditation System (NAS) increases the focus on educational outcomes and meaningful evaluation of learners. This requires that key clinical faculty develop new assessment formats such as entrustable professional activities (EPAs).

Objectives
To build and develop milestone-based assessment tools supporting 5 EPAs for a hematology/oncology fellow continuity clinic, and to educate key clinical faculty regarding the Clinical Competency Committee (CCC) and the NAS.

Methods
Program directors from 2 hematology/oncology fellowship programs developed 5 EPAs for continuity clinic evaluation supported by milestone-based assessment. The program directors met to create a unified CCC charter. Key clinical faculty helped to develop a milestone-based evaluation of fellow continuity clinic through creation of 5 hematology/oncology-specific EPAs. Formal entrustment regarding EPAs was deliberated by the CCC.

Results
A total of 18 fellows were evaluated. Clinical Competency Committee deliberation at each institution took approximately 10 minutes per fellow for discussion and decision regarding entrustment for all 5 EPAs supporting continuity clinic. One-third of postgraduate year (PGY)–4s, 50% of PGY-5s, and 100% of PGY-6s were deemed competent in all 5 EPAs by the CCC.

Conclusions
All hematology/oncology trainees in San Antonio were evaluated using milestone-based assessment for continuity clinic, and entrustment decisions regarding 5 EPAs were made by the CCC. This project may provide other programs with a sound basis for adoption and further development of the next generation of evaluation tools at their institutions. Entrustable professional activities that are rotation specific should be used as a starting point for linking to the competencies, subcompetencies, and the reporting milestones.
Online Versus In-Person Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment Training in Pediatrics Residents
Authors: Giudice Erin L. , Lewin Linda O. , Welsh Christopher , Crouch Taylor Berens , Wright Katherine S. , Delahanty Janine , DiClemente Carlo C. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Pediatricians underestimate the prevalence of substance misuse among children and adolescents and often fail to screen for and intervene in practice. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends training in Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT), but training outcomes and skill acquisition are rarely assessed.

Objective
We compared the effects of online versus in-person SBIRT training on pediatrics residents' knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and skills.

Methods
Forty pediatrics residents were randomized to receive either online or in-person training. Skills were assessed by pre- and posttraining standardized patient interviews that were coded for SBIRT-adherent and -nonadherent behaviors and global skills by 2 trained coders. Thirty-two residents also completed pre- and postsurveys of their substance use knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KABs). Two-way repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) and analyses of variance (ANOVAs) estimates were used to assess group differences in skill acquisition and KABs.

Results
Findings indicated that both groups demonstrated skill improvement from pre- to postassessment. Results indicated that both groups increased their knowledge, self-reported behaviors, confidence, and readiness with no significant between-group differences. Follow-up univariate analyses indicated that, while both groups increased their SBIRT-adherent skills, the online training group displayed more “undesirable” behaviors posttraining.

Conclusions
The current study indicates that brief training, online or in-person, can increase pediatrics residents' SBIRT skills, knowledge, self-reported behaviors, confidence, and readiness. The findings further indicate that in-person training may have incremental benefit in teaching residents what not to do.
FISIOLOGIA NA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS PARA A CIDADANIA
Authors: Filadelfi Ana Maria Caliman , Amaral Schwanke Alessandra , Leandro Schaedler Fernanda Gabriela , De Oliveira Ayres Isabelle Regina 
Published: December 2014

O projeto visa ampliar a formação cidadã de jovens e consiste no planejamento, aplicação e avaliação de aulas (teóricas e práticas), abrangendo seis diferentes temas, todos estimulando o conhecimento e cuidado com o corpo humano (autocuidado). Estão entre eles: funções básicas do corpo humano, puberdade, Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DSTs), distúrbios alimentares, consumo de drogas, transtornos do humor, etc. Essas aulas são ministradas no Centro Alvorecer Ação Social e Educacional (CAASE), que tem como objetivo facilitar o acesso de jovens carentes ao mercado de trabalho, através de um Programa de Aprendizagem. Nosso projeto visa não somente contribuir para a formação dos jovens, mas também ampliar a formação das acadêmicas do curso de Enfermagem envolvidas, que participam do planejamento, confecção e aplicação das aulas. A capacitação dos funcionários-docentes do CAASE também entra como objetivo do projeto, uma vez que eles deverão poder continuar parte das atividades quando não for possível a participação dos docentes e alunos da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Finalmente, a obtenção de dados sobre a avaliação do projeto feita pelos adolescentes, funcionários do CAASE e acadêmicos da UFPR, bem como sobre a situação de empregabilidade dos adolescentes vinculados soma-se a este artigo com o objetivo de ampliar a compreensão do alcance geral desta ação.
Varro’s Intuition of Cognate Relationships
Authors: Ferriss-Hill Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper argues that Varro evinces an intuition in De Lingua Latina of what would now be termed cognate relationships. The evidence presented includes Varro’s search for regularity among languages; his predilection for otherwise rare figurative language when attempting to articulate a relation between Latin and Greek and Latin and the Sabellic dialects that he sees extending beyond mere borrowing; and the consistent and pointed ways in which he deploys formulaic expressions to convey distinct levels of kinship between Latin words and their foreign sources or counterparts.
Epilithon isotope composition as an environmental archive in rivers receiving wastewater
Authors: Cejudo Eduardo , Schiff Sherry L. , Aravena Ramon O. 
Published: December 2014

Epilithon is a complex community of autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms that includes inert, organic and inorganic material and is attached to the surface of submersed rocks. Water samples collected in the Grand River (southwestern Ontario) in April 2011 showed that ammonium concentrations decreased downstream, whereas nitrate varied, largely dependent on weather conditions (concentrations of both chemical species were higher during winter). Epilithon δ15N-TN downstream from the Kitchener wastewater treatment plant oscillated between 0.4 to 23.2‰, and δ13C-TC around -27‰. The wastewater treatment plant effluent consisted of δ15N-NO3-between 12 and 16‰, with a decreasing trend as it traveled downstream; δ15N-NH4+became enriched downstream (as high as 31‰). Average values for δ13C-DIC were -10.1‰ and δ13C-DOC -26.8‰. It is proposed that the nitrogen and carbon isotope composition of epilithon could be used as a short- or medium-term environmental archive, as it reflects in-stream processes, such as ammonia oxidation, in a river impacted by treated wastewater. The interpretation provided here was limited due to the ample range of events and potential sources, specifically when the nitrogen isotopic composition of nitrate and ammonium was similar. Epilithon is easily collected, processed and analysed and proved to be valuable tool to describe changes in river and stream geochemistry.
Overlapping fern and Bryophyte hotspots: Assessing ferns as a predictor of Bryophyte diversity
Authors: Nagalingum Nathalie S , Knerr Nunzio , Mishler Brent D , Cargill D Christine 
Published: December 2014

Bryophytes are significant contributors to floristic diversity, but they are often neglected in field surveys and collections.
Thus, in order to obtain more accurate estimates of plant richness, there must be reliable estimates of bryophyte diversity. To address this, we examined whether another plant group, namely the ferns, could be used as a surrogate for bryophytes. We used datasets spanning the entire Australian continent for mosses, liverworts, liverworts+hornworts, ferns, and conifers (hornworts were aggregated into the group liverworts+hornworts). Two measures of richness were examined across the continent (as 50 km × 50 km grid cells): uncorrected richness and sample-standardised richness. We calculated the correlations among richness of all of the groups to test the hypothesis that fern diversity predicts bryophyte diversity
(because of shared ecological preferences) while conifer diversity does not. Conifers showed very little correlation to
either of the four plant groups, whereas ferns were highly correlated to mosses and to a lesser extent to liverworts and liverworts+hornworts. Liverworts, as well as liverworts+hornworts, and mosses were also strongly correlated. These results indicate that surrogates can assist in estimating the diversity and the conservation of other poorly collected plant groups.
Interpreting Mars ionospheric anomalies over crustal magnetic field regions using a 2‐D ionospheric model
Authors: Matta Majd , Mendillo Michael , Withers Paul , Morgan Dave 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe spatially inhomogeneous, small‐scale crustal magnetic fields of Mars influence the escape of planetary atmospheric species and the interaction of the solar wind with the ionosphere. Understanding the plasma response to crustal magnetic field regions can therefore provide insight to ionospheric structure and dynamics. To date, several localized spatial structures in ionospheric properties that have been observed over regions of varying magnetic field at Mars have yet to be explained. In this study, a two‐dimensional ionospheric model is used to simulate the effects of field‐aligned plasma transport in regions of strong crustal magnetic fields. Resulting spatial and diurnal plasma distributions are analyzed and found to agree with observations from several spacecraft and offer compelling interpretations for many of the anomalous ionospheric behaviors observed at or near regions of strong crustal magnetic fields on Mars.
Gas and solute diffusion in partially saturated porous media: Percolation theory and Effective Medium Approximation compared with lattice Boltzmann simulations
Authors: Ghanbarian Behzad , Daigle Hugh , Hunt Allen G. , Ewing Robert P. , Sahimi Muhammad 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUnderstanding and accurate prediction of gas or liquid phase (solute) diffusion are essential to accurate prediction of contaminant transport in partially saturated porous media. In this study, we propose analytical equations, using concepts from percolation theory and the Effective Medium Approximation (EMA) to model the saturation dependence of both gas and solute diffusion in porous media. The predictions of our theoretical approach agree well with the results of nine lattice Boltzmann simulations. We find that the universal quadratic scaling predicted by percolation theory, combined with the universal linear scaling predicted by the EMA, describes diffusion in porous media with both relatively broad and extremely narrow pore size distributions.
CCN closure study: Effects of aerosol chemical composition and mixing state
Authors: Bhattu Deepika , Tripathi S. N. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study presents a detailed cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) closure study that investigates the effects of chemical composition (bulk and size resolved) and mixing state (internal and external) on CCN activity of aerosols. Measurements of the chemical composition, aerosol size distribution, total number concentration, and CCN concentration at supersaturation (SS = 0.2–1.0%) were performed during the winter season in Kanpur, India. Among the two cases considered here, better closure results are obtained for case 1 (low total aerosol loading, 49.54 ± 26.42 μg m−3, and high O:C ratio, 0.61 ±0.07) compared to case 2 (high total aerosol loading, 101.05 ± 18.73 μg m−3, and low O:C ratio, 0.42 ±0.06), with a maximum reduction of 3–81% in CCN overprediction for all depleted SS values (0.18–0.60%). Including the assumption that less volatile oxidized organic aerosols represent the soluble organic fraction reduced the overprediction to at most 40% and 129% in the internal and external mixing scenarios, respectively. At higher depleted SS values (0.34–0.60%), size‐resolved chemical composition with an internal mixing state performed well in CCN closure among all organic solubility scenarios. However, at a lower depleted SS value (0.18%), closure is found to be more sensitive to both the chemical composition and mixing state of aerosols. At higher SS values, information on the solubility of organics and size‐resolved chemical composition is required for accurate CCN predictions, whereas at lower SS values, information on the mixing state in addition to the solubility of organics and size‐resolved chemical composition is required. Overall, κtotal values are observed to be independent of the O:C ratio [κtotal= (0.36 ±0.01) × O:C − (0.03 ± 0.01)] in the range of 0.2<O:C<0.81, which indicates that the variation in the chemical composition of aerosols is not well represented by the changes in the O:C ratio alone.
Wind‐driven circulation in Titan's seas
Authors: Tokano Tetsuya , Lorenz Ralph D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCirculation in Titan's seas forced by wind is simulated by an ocean circulation model using surface wind data predicted by a global circulation model. Wind‐driven circulation is insignificant throughout much of the annual cycle but becomes significant from late spring to late summer, when the wind stress becomes strong. The large‐scale circulation in summer is predominantly southward near the sea surface and northward near the sea bottom. The sea surface current can get as fast as 5 cms−1 in some areas. Titan's rotation affects the vertical structure of sea currents in the form of an Ekman spiral if the wind is strong. The maximum wind setup at the shores is of the same order of magnitude as the tidal range. Wind stirring may reduce thermal stratification in summer but may be unable to destroy stratification of methane‐rich liquids on top of ethane‐rich liquids that can result from imbalances between evaporation and precipitation.
Brain alterations within the first 100 days of HIV infection
Authors: Ragin Ann B. , Wu Ying , Gao Yi , Keating Sheila , Du Hongyan , Sammet Christina , Kettering Casey S. , Epstein Leon G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveBrain involvement is a serious complication of HIV infection. The earliest changes in the brain, which represents an anatomic site for viral persistence, are largely unknown.MethodsThis investigation used quantitative Magnetic Resonance methodologies, including high resolution and diffusion tensor (DTI) imaging, to evaluate the brain in 15 HIV and 20 seronegative subjects. All HIV subjects were antibody nonreactive with assay‐estimated infection duration of less than 100 days.ResultsBrain volumetric analysis revealed reduced parenchyma with enlargement of the third ventricle and brainstem. DTI quantified loss of white matter integrity in the corpus callosum and diffusion alterations in caudate. Cognitive differences were indicated in psychomotor speed and visual recall. There were no differences between antiretroviral‐initiated and naïve HIV subgroups.InterpretationThese findings, quantified within 100 days of infection, shed light on the earliest brain changes in HIV infection. Onset of neural injury may date to initial viral invasion and the transient early period of unchecked viremia and marked immunosuppression of the seroconversion period.
Lead exposure and increased food allergic sensitization in U.S. children and adults
Authors: Mener David J. , Garcia‐Esquinas Esther , Navas‐Acien Ana , Dietert Rodney R. , Shargorodsky Josef , Lin Sandra Y. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundWhether blood lead levels are associated with sensitization to food allergens in adults and children is unclear. Prior studies have shown that exposure to lead is associated with atopic sensitization and modulation of several cytokines (eg, interleukin [IL]‐12, IL‐10, interferon [IFN]‐γ, and IL‐4 production) and with T‐cell dysregulation and bias toward T helper 2 (Th2) activity. The objective of this work was to assess whether exposure to lead is independently associated with allergic symptoms and sensitizations in a large nationally representative sample of children and adults.MethodsWe studied 2712 children and 4333 adults enrolled in the 2005‐2006 cycle of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES). Participants were tested for serum‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels to food allergens as well as blood lead levels. Food allergens tested included shrimp, egg, peanut, and milk. Logistic regression models adjusted for demographic factors, body mass index, history of asthma, smoking, housing characteristics, and current exposure to animals in the home, to assess the association of blood lead levels with sensitization to food allergens.ResultsMedian (interquartile range [IQR]) for serum blood was 0.87 μg/L (0.61 to 1.31) in children and 1.48 μg/L (0.92 to 2.34) in adults. At baseline, 672 (24.7%) of children participants and 719 (16.6%) of adult participants tested positive for increased sensitization to food allergens. A 2‐fold increase in blood lead levels in adult participants was associated with increased sensitization to food allergens (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.22). Blood lead was not associated with sensitization to food allergens among pediatric participants (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.10).ConclusionExposure to lead was associated with increased odds of sensitization to food allergens in adult but not children participants.
Evaluation of transfer of wine aroma compounds through PET bottles
Authors: Dombre Clara , Chalier Pascale 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTAroma compound could be lost during food storage in polymer packaging by transfers through material. The aim of this study was to develop a method that allows evaluating wine aroma compounds permeation through active PET bottles. A semiquantitative method has been adapted to the system. Results showed a regular permeation of all studied aroma compounds but a high variation between replicates. In active PET bottle containing 1% of oxygen scavenger, amount lost by permeation after 12 months storage at 20°C was about 6.13 ± 0.37 µgbottle−1. When 50% of recycled PET was added to active PET bottle, permeation rate was increased about 15%. The study of sorption of aroma compounds in both polymer matrices did not allow to explain this difference of permeation, but the structure of recycled PET seemed to induce modifications in aroma compound diffusion through active PET which could increase transfer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41784.
Chemical polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of l‐serine or l‐glutamic acid: Electrically controlled amoxicillin release from composite hydrogel
Authors: Valencia Castro Leonardo Enrique , Pérez Martínez Cinthia Jhovanna , del Castillo Castro Teresa , Castillo Ortega María Mónica , Encinas José Carmelo 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPolypyrrole (PPy) was chemically prepared from aqueous solutions individually containing l‐serine or l‐glutamic acid, with the addition of ammonium persulfate as the oxidant. The electrical, XPS and FTIR characterizations indicated that the amino acids co‐doped the PPy backbone. TEM revealed that PPy presented a quasi‐spherical morphology with diameters in nanometric scale. The nanostructures of PPy‐glutamic acid efficiently adsorbed therapeutic doses of amoxicillin. Composite hydrogels were obtained by the entrapment of amoxicillin‐loaded PPy in polyacrylamide network. The antibiotic molecules can be subsequently released (or sustained) from composite hydrogel in response to application (or removal) of electrical stimulation. This tuning release profile can lead to promising drug delivery applications such as implantable devices and iontophoretic systems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41804.
Purification and characterization of an intracellular levansucrase derived from Bacillus methylotrophicus SK 21.002
Authors: Li Runjing , Zhang Tao , Jiang Bo , Mu Wanmeng , Miao Ming 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn intracellular levansucrase from Bacillus methylotrophicus SK 21.002 was isolated, purified, and characterized. The final specific levansucrase activity was 135.40 U/mg protein with an 11.78‐fold enrichment and a 9.28% recovery rate. The molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 60,000 Da as evaluated by gel filtration and SDS‐PAGE. Both the maximum transfructosylation and hydrolytic activities were observed at pH 6.5. The enzyme exhibited optimum transfructosylation activity at 40°C, whereas the optimum temperature of hydrolytic activity was 45°C. Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ inhibited both the transfructosylation and hydrolytic activities up to 100%, whereas Mn2+ inhibited only hydrolytic activity. Ca2+ and Mg2+ stimulated both transfructosylation and hydrolytic activities. The chemical modifiers (n‐bromosuccinimide and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride) strongly inhibited hydrolytic and transfructosylation activity of the levansucrase. The Km and Vmax values of the purified levansucrase were 117.2 mM and 33.23 μmol/mg·Min, respectively. When the fructose concentration was below 0.2 M, higher fructose concentrations promoted the transfructosylation and inhibited the hydrolytic activity.
Robust enzyme design: Bioinformatic tools for improved protein stability
Authors: Suplatov Dmitry , Voevodin Vladimir , Švedas Vytas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe ability of proteins and enzymes to maintain a functionally active conformation under adverse environmental conditions is an important feature of biocatalysts, vaccines, and biopharmaceutical proteins. From an evolutionary perspective, robust stability of proteins improves their biological fitness and allows for further optimization. Viewed from an industrial perspective, enzyme stability is crucial for the practical application of enzymes under the required reaction conditions. In this review, we analyze bioinformatic‐driven strategies that are used to predict structural changes that can be applied to wild type proteins in order to produce more stable variants. The most commonly employed techniques can be classified into stochastic approaches, empirical or systematic rational design strategies, and design of chimeric proteins. We conclude that bioinformatic analysis can be efficiently used to study large protein superfamilies systematically as well as to predict particular structural changes which increase enzyme stability. Evolution has created a diversity of protein properties that are encoded in genomic sequences and structural data. Bioinformatics has the power to uncover this evolutionary code and provide a reproducible selection of hotspots – key residues to be mutated in order to produce more stable and functionally diverse proteins and enzymes. Further development of systematic bioinformatic procedures is needed to organize and analyze sequences and structures of proteins within large superfamilies and to link them to function, as well as to provide knowledge‐based predictions for experimental evaluation.