bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study of religious diversity in the Czech lands—diversity in academic studies of religions
Authors: Lužný Dušan 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This article attempts to summarize some of the experiences and methodological insights gained from research on non-traditional religious groups that the author has conducted over the last twenty years, primarily in Czech society. The starting point for these studies is respect for the principle that it is not possible to approach the study of religious pluralism and diversity from a single predetermined conceptual framework-religious diversity requires diverse approaches. However, within the diversity approach there exist some common principles such as respect for the religious beliefs of respondents and the elimination of personal stereotypes and ethnocentrism.
The relationship between manganism and the workplace environment in China
Authors: Wang Yongyi , Xue Jian , Cheng Shuqun , Ding Yubin , He Junlin , Liu Xueqing , Chen Xuemei , Wang Yingxiong , Feng Xiangyu , Xia Yinyin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractManganese is a trace element and a cofactor of many enzymes, so it is essential for physiologic functioning, but it is also a neurotoxin at high doses. Manganism is most often caused by occupational exposure. It is manifested by a myriad of signs and symptoms ranging from the neurasthenia syndrome, such as headache and dizziness, to the Parkinson-like syndrome, depending on the blood manganese levels as well as the duration of exposure. We are reporting a case of manganism using both clinical and occupational hygiene investigation methods. The patient presented the neurasthenia syndrome accompanied by hypertonicity of arm muscles and was diagnosed to have mild chronic manganism. Finally, the patient was discharged from the hospital after the treatment had improved her condition. In China, there are many chronic manganese cases, partly due to a rapid industrial development with great use of Mn and the low self-protection awareness among the workers and the factories management that cannot catch up with the speed of the economical development. Therefore, factories are responsible for improving the conditions at the workplace.
Early deterioration of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in a neonatal piglet model of intraventricular hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation
Authors: Aquilina Kristian , Chakkarapani Ela , Thoresen Marianne 
Published: September 2012

Object
The optimal management of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation is challenging. The importance of early treatment has been demonstrated in a recent randomized study, involving early ventricular irrigation and drainage, which showed significant cognitive improvement at 2 years. The objective of this study was to define the changes in CSF absorption capacity over time in a neonatal piglet model of IVH.

Methods
Ten piglets (postnatal age 9–22 hours) underwent intraventricular injection of homologous blood. A ventricular access device was inserted 7–10 days later. Ventricular dilation was measured by ultrasonography. Serial constant flow infusion studies were performed through the access device from Week 2 to Week 8.

Results
Seven piglets survived long term, 43–60 days, and developed ventricular dilation; this reached a maximum by Week 6. There was no significant difference in baseline intracranial pressure throughout this period. The resistance to CSF outflow, Rout, increased from 63.5 mm Hg/ml/min in Week 2 to 118 mm Hg/ml/min in Week 4. Although Rout decreased after Week 5, the ventriculomegaly persisted.

Conclusions
In this neonatal piglet model, reduction in CSF absorptive capacity occurs early after IVH and accompanies progressive and irreversible ventriculomegaly. This suggests that early treatment of premature neonates with IVH is desirable.
Isolation and characterization of 13 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers for Pinus koraiensis (Pinaceae)
Authors: Yu Jing‐Hua , Chen Chang‐Mei , Tang Zhong‐Hua , Yuan Shu‐Sheng , Wang Chun‐Jing , Zu Yuan‐Gang 
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the study: Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Pinus koraiensis.• Methods and Results: Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences COntaining repeats (FIASCO) method with three specific PCR primers for screening the positive clones, 13 loci were found to be polymorphic in 78 individuals of P. koraiensis. Across all of the P. koraiensis samples, the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 11.• Conclusions: These polymorphic markers will be useful for conservation genetics studies of this species and to inform the development of effective P. koraiensis conservation programs.
Antiretroviral Monocyte Efficacy Score Linked to Cognitive Impairment in Hiv
Authors: Shikuma Cecilia M , Nakamoto Beau , Shiramizu Bruce , Liang Chin-Yuan , DeGruttola Victor , Bennett Kara , Paul Robert , Kallianpur Kalpana , Chow Dominic , Gavegnano Christina , Hurwitz Selwyn J , Schinazi Raymond F , Valcour Victor G 
Published: September 2012

Background Monocytes transmigrating to the brain play a central role in HIV neuropathology. We hypothesized that the continued existence of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) despite potent antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is mediated by the inability of such therapy to control this monocyte/macrophage reservoir. Methods Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted within a prospectively enrolled cohort. We devised a monocyte efficacy (ME) score based on the anticipated effectiveness of ARV medications against monocytes/macrophages using published macrophage in vitro drug efficacy data. We examined, within an HIV neurocognitive database, its association with composite neuropsychological test scores (NPZ8) and clinical cognitive diagnoses among subjects on stable ARV medications unchanged for >6 months prior to assessment. Results Among 139 subjects on ARV therapy, higher ME score correlated with better NPZ8 performance ( r=0.23, P<0.01), whereas a score devised to quantify expected penetration effectiveness of ARVs into the brain (CPE score) did not ( r=0.12, P=0.15). In an adjusted model (adjusted r2=0.12), ME score (β=0.003, P=0.02), CD4+ T-cell nadir (β=0.001, P<0.01) and gender (β=-0.456, P=0.02) were associated with NPZ8, whereas CPE score was not (β=0.003, P=0.94). A higher ME score was associated with better clinical cognitive status ( P<0.01). With a range of 12.5–433.0 units, a 100-unit increase in ME score resulted in a 10.6-fold decrease in the odds of a dementia diagnosis compared with normal cognition ( P=0.01). Conclusions ARV efficacy against monocytes/macrophages correlates with cognitive function in HIV-infected individuals on ARV therapy within this cohort. If validated, efficacy against monocytes/macrophages may provide a new target to improve HIV NCI.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anterior Atlantoaxial Subluxation in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: LEE JI-SEON , LEE SEUNGHUN , BANG SO-YOUNG , CHOI KYUNG SOO , JOO KYUNG BIN , KIM YONG-BUM , SUNG IL-HOON , KIM TAE-HWAN 
Published: October 2012

Objective.In ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the cervical spine, like other sections of the spine and sacroiliac joints, is vulnerable during the disease process. Atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) has been studied in connection with AS, but its risk factors and progression have not been clarified. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence and risk factors of AAS in patients with AS.Methods.A total of 819 patients with AS who fulfilled the modified New York criteria and were examined with a full-flexion lateral view of the cervical spine by radiograph were enrolled from an outpatient clinic. The medical records of the patients were retrospectively reviewed and the anterior atlantodental interval (AADI) in the lateral flexion view of the cervical spine radiograph was investigated by 2 experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. We defined the AAS as an AADI of > 3 mm, and progression of AADI as a progression rate > 0.5 mm/year.Results.AAS was found in 14.1% (116/819) of patients. Progression of AADI occurred in 32.1% (26/81) patients with AAS and 5.0% (16/320) patients without AAS (p < 0.001). The development of AAS was significantly associated with elevated C-reactive protein [CRP; OR 2.19 (1.36–3.53)], peripheral arthritis [OR 2.05 (1.36–3.07)], use of anti-tumor necrosis factor antagonists because of failure of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs/disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs [NSAID/DMARD; OR 2.28 (1.52–3.42)], and uveitis [OR 1.71 (1.13–2.59)]. These factors were adjusted for age, sex, and disease duration by logistic regression analysis. No clear association was found for HLA-B27, seropositivity, or smoking status with AAS.Conclusion.AAS is a frequent complication, and the progression of AADI was more rapid in cases with AAS. The presence of peripheral arthritis, or high disease activity with elevated CRP level or refractory to conventional NSAID/DMARD, independently increased the risk of AAS, suggesting that clinicians should focus on the detection and monitoring of AAS, especially in cases with associated risk factors.
Multiple Courses of Rituximab Produce Sustained Clinical and Radiographic Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and an Inadequate Response to 1 or More Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors: 5-Year Data from the REFLEX Study
Authors: KEYSTONE EDWARD C. , COHEN STANLEY B. , EMERY PAUL , KREMER JOEL M. , DOUGADOS MAXIME , LOVELESS JAMES E. , CHUNG CAROL , WONG PAMELA , LEHANE PATRICIA B. , TYRRELL HELEN 
Published: October 2012

Objective.This 5-year observational posthoc analysis of the REFLEX study and its open-label extension assessed clinical efficacy, radiographic response, and safety of rituximab (RTX) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had an inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors.Methods.Patients in REFLEX were originally randomized to placebo (PBO) + methotrexate (MTX; PBO-randomized) or RTX + MTX (RTX-randomized). PBO-randomized patients were rescued with RTX as appropriate. Patients responding to initial RTX treatment could receive further RTX courses. For clinical efficacy and safety analyses, PBO-randomized patients were re-baselined prior to first RTX treatment and the data were pooled with RTX-randomized patient data. Efficacy outcomes 24 weeks after each course were calculated relative to first RTX pretreatment baseline. Radiographic outcomes were assessed relative to randomization baseline for both PBO-randomized and RTX-randomized groups.Results.A total of 480 patients received ≥ 1 RTX course. At 24 weeks, American College of Rheumatology 20/50/70 responses were 62.0%, 30.8%, and 13.0%, respectively at course 1 (n = 400) and 70.3%, 41.8%, and 22.0% at course 5 (n = 91). European League Against Rheumatism good/moderate responses were 77.2% and 84.4% at courses 1 (n = 390) and 5 (n = 90). Rates of adverse events (AE), serious AE, and infections generally remained stable. Rate of progressive joint damage (PJD; change in mean Total Sharp Score) decreased over time in both PBO-randomized (n = 79) and RTX-randomized (n = 105) groups. Mean change from baseline in PJD over 5 years was greater in PBO-randomized versus RTX-randomized patients (5.51 vs 3.21).Conclusion.RTX re-treatment over 5 years is associated with maintained or improved efficacy, continued inhibition of PJD, and a safety profile consistent with that previously reported. A delay in initiating RTX treatment may result in increased PJD.
Activisme urbain et politiques architecturales à Bruxelles : le tournant générationnel
Authors: Comhaire Gaël 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Dans les années 1960 et 1970, la « bruxellisation », processus de destruction de quartiers populaires et du patrimoine architectural par les autorités publiques, a engendré les premières luttes urbaines à Bruxelles. Une première génération d’activistes urbains a émergé à cette occasion et a suscité la création de nombreux comités d’habitants. Ces associations ont obtenu que les paradigmes de la rénovation urbaine et de la protection du patrimoine guident les politiques publiques. Au début des années 2000 surgit une nouvelle génération d’activistes, plus directement liée au milieu de l’architecture. Ils dénoncent le manque d’ambition architecturale À travers différents terrains d’expérimentations, ils vont défendre de nouvelles pratiques architecturales et urbanistiques. Coexistent désormais, au sein des politiques publiques, des dispositifs issus de référents différents et se pose la question de leur articulation.
Défenses militantes. Avocats et violence politique dans l'Italie des années 1970 et 1980
Authors: Malatesta Maria 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Au cours des années 1970, l’Italie fut confrontée tour à tour à la violence de la droite néo-fasciste et à la réaction menée par des groupements armés d’extrême gauche, avant tout les Brigades rouges. Un petit nombre d’avocats de gauche se chargea de défendre les membres de cette organisation. Cet article reconstruit les dynamiques complexes à l’œuvre autour de la défense de ces inculpés : d’un côté, à partir du procès de Turin en 1976, les Brigades rouges opposent au système judiciaire un refus de la défense ; de l’autre, certains avocats sont accusés de connivence avec leurs clients, voire de participation à un groupement terroriste, une tendance qui s’intensifie avec les dénonciations des « repentis » et qui pose la question des conditions de la défense et de ses dangers.
Défendre les nationalistes algériens en lutte pour l'indépendance. La « défense de rupture » en question
Authors: Thénault Sylvie 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Jacques Vergès est la figure centrale de la défense des nationalistes algériens et la « défense de rupture » qu’il incarne est considérée comme l’héritage de la guerre d’indépendance algérienne (1954-1962). À partir de l’histoire de la répression judiciaire et d’entretiens avec des avocats engagés pendant cette période, cet article démontre cependant qu’une telle présentation doit être doublement nuancée. En premier lieu, en raison du caractère massif de la répression judiciaire en Algérie devant les tribunaux militaires, l’intervention des avocats engagés ne pouvait suffire à prendre en charge la défense des nationalistes. En second lieu, dans une logique révolutionnaire de solidarité avec le FLN, le collectif dit « Vergès », avait autant pour mission d’organiser une défense puisant dans les ressources du droit que d’utiliser les facilités de communication des avocats avec les prisonniers. Il fallait abattre les murs des prisons pour que les militants emprisonnés continuent de participer à la lutte pour l’indépendance. L’usage de la plaidoirie politique et de la « défense de rupture » doit ainsi être relativisé et la recherche historique devrait s’intéresser aux conditions concrètes de la défense, en Algérie, à travers l’histoire des barreaux locaux.
Coupled hydrogeophysical inversion of electrical resistances and inflow measurements for topsoil hydraulic properties under constant head infiltration
Authors: Mboh C.M. , Huisman J.A. , Van Gaelen N. , Rings J. , Vereecken H. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTAccurate estimation of topsoil hydraulic properties is important for understanding water flow and solute transport in the vadose zone. Coupled hydrogeophysical inversion schemes that enable the use of multiple geophysical and hydrological data for the estimation of soil hydraulic properties have recently been proposed. In these coupled inversion schemes, a hydrological model describing the process under investigation is coupled to a forward geophysical model and hydraulic parameters are directly estimated from geophysical measurements. While these schemes provide a suitable platform for the integration of multiple geophysical and hydrological data, efficient methods to combine these data types for improved parameter estimation still warrant investigation. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of estimating three topsoil Mualem‐van Genuchten parameters from the fusion of inflow and electrical resistance measurements obtained under constant head infiltration. In addition to using only inflow or electrical resistances, we investigated three methods of combining these data for improved estimation of topsoil hydraulic parameters. Our results show that using inflow alone does not provide a unique solution to the inverse problem. Better results are obtained with the additional use of electrical resistance data. We show that successful data fusion within the coupled hydrogeophysical inversion framework depends on the choice of an appropriate objective function. We obtained the best data fusion results with an objective function defined as the sum of the root mean square error of both data types normalized by the standard deviation of the respective measurements. In this case, the inverted hydraulic parameters were very comparable to reference values obtained from a multi‐step outflow experiment carried out with undisturbed soil cores from the experimental site. It is concluded that the coupled hydrogeophysical inversion frame‐work is a promising tool for non‐invasive near‐surface hydrological investigations.
Near‐surface properties of an active fault derived by joint interpretation of different geophysical methods ‐ the Arava/Araba Fault in the Middle East
Authors: Weber M. , Helwig S.L. , Bauer K. , Haberland Ch. , Koch O. , Ryberg T. , Maercklin N. , Ritter O. , Schulze A. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe motion of tectonic plates is accommodated at fault zones. One of the unanswered questions about fault zones relates to the role they play in controlling shallow and local hydrology. This study focuses on the Arava/Araba Fault (AF) zone, the southern portion of the Dead Sea Transform (DST) in the Middle East. We combine seismic and electromagnetic methods (EM) to image the geometry and map the petro‐physical properties and water occurrence in the top 100 m of this active fault. For three profiles, P‐velocity and resistivity images were derived independently. Using a neural network cluster analysis three classes with similar P‐velocity and resistivities could then be determined from these images. These classes correspond to spatial domains of specific material and wetness. The first class occurs primarily east of the fault consisting of ‐wet‐ sand (dunes) and brecciated sediments, whereas the second class composed of similar material located west of the fault is ‐dry‐. The third class lies at depth below ca. 50 m and is composed of highly deformed and weathered Precambrian rocks that constitute the multi‐branch fault zone of the AF at this location. The combination of two independent measurements like seismics and EM linked by a stringent mathematical approach has thus shown the potential to delineate the interplay of lithology and water near active faults.
Potassium but Not Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevation Due To In Vitro Hemolysis Is Higher in Capillary Than in Venous Blood Samples
Authors: Oostendorp Marlies , van Solinge Wouter W. , Kemperman Hans 
Published: September 2012

Context.—Elevated potassium concentrations due to in vitro hemolysis can lead to errors in diagnoses and treatment. Recently, we observed that potassium elevation in capillary samples appeared higher than expected, based on hemolytic index (H-index).Objective.—To investigate the relation between potassium increase and H-index for capillary samples. As a control, the same analysis was performed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).Design.—Potassium results of 332 760 venous and 2620 capillary samples were selected. For LDH, 135 974 venous and 999 capillary samples were included. Venous and capillary samples were differentiated by using patient age, as we perform mostly capillary blood sampling in children and venous sampling in adults. Results were obtained with Beckman-Coulter DxC800 analyzers.Results.—The increase in potassium with increasing H-index was considerably higher for capillary samples than venous samples. Linear regression revealed a potassium increase of 0.38 mEq/L per increment in H-index for capillary samples, whereas a 0.17 mEq/L increase was found for venous samples. For LDH, no differences were found between venous and capillary samples.Conclusions.—At identical H-index, capillary samples showed higher potassium elevations than venous samples. A possible explanation is that capillary sampling causes increased leakage of ions, such as potassium, from erythrocytes, compared with proteins such as hemoglobin and LDH. These results are especially important considering the increasing use of whole blood point-of-care analyzers, where the H-index is often not determined. Potassium results should therefore be interpreted with caution to avoid severe misdiagnosis of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia.
Negative Loop Electrosurgical Cone Biopsy Finding Following a Biopsy Diagnosis of High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion: Frequency and Clinical Significance
Authors: Witt Benjamin L. , Factor Rachel E. , Jarboe Elke A. , Layfield Lester J. 
Published: September 2012

Context.—Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is a therapeutic option following biopsy diagnosis of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Most LEEPs will confirm the HSIL biopsy diagnosis but a number of them will not. Such negative findings suggest the possibility of an incorrect biopsy diagnosis, removal of the lesion by biopsy, or insufficient LEEP sampling.
Objective.—To determine the frequency of negative LEEP findings following HSIL biopsies and better understand the clinical significance of negative LEEP findings.
Design.—The Department of Pathology's records were searched for all patients undergoing LEEP excision who had prior cervical biopsies and subsequent clinical follow-up.
Results.—Three hundred seventy-eight women were found who had index biopsies, subsequent LEEPs, and clinical follow-up averaging 25.8 months. Three hundred six women had HSIL on biopsy with 223 (73%) showing HSIL on LEEP. Seventy-three (24%) LEEPs in women with HSIL index biopsy results yielded negative findings or disclosed low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). Twenty-nine of 223 patients (13%) with an HSIL result both on biopsies and LEEPs had HSIL on biopsy and/or excisional clinical follow-up. Seven of 73 patients (10%) with positive (HSIL) biopsy results but negative LEEP findings or LSIL had HSIL on biopsy and/or excisional follow-up.
Conclusions.—Twenty-four percent of patients with HSIL on biopsy had negative findings or LSIL on LEEP. There is no statistical difference in development of HSIL after LEEP for those with positive biopsy and positive LEEP results (13%) versus positive biopsy and negative LEEP results (10%). The occurrence of a negative LEEP finding following a positive biopsy finding was frequent (24%) and does not portend a different clinical follow-up from a positive biopsy and positive LEEP result.