bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiepileptic drugs and suicidality: An expert consensus statement from the Task Force on Therapeutic Strategies of the ILAE Commission on Neuropsychobiology
Authors: Mula Marco , Kanner Andres M. , Schmitz Bettina , Schachter Steven 
Published: September 2012

SummaryIn 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an alert to health care professionals about an increased risk of suicide ideation and suicide behavior in people treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Since then, a number of retrospective cohort and case–control studies have been published that are trying to address this issue, but gathered results are contradictory. This report represents an expert consensus statement developed by an ad hoc task force of the Commission on Neuropsychobiology of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). Although some (but not all) AEDs can be associated with treatment‐emergent psychiatric problems that can lead to suicidal ideation and behavior, the actual suicidal risk is yet to be established, but it seems to be very low. The risk of stopping AEDs or refusing to start AEDs is significantly worse and can actually result in serious harm including death to the patient. Suicidality in epilepsy is multifactorial, and different variables are operant. Clinicians should investigate the existence of such risk factors and adopt appropriate screening instruments. If necessary, patients should be referred for a psychiatric evaluation, but AED treatment should not be withheld, even in patients with positive suicidal risks. When starting an AED or switching from one to other AEDs, patients should be advised to report to their treating physician any change in mood and suicidal ideation. Data on treatment‐emergent psychiatric adverse events need to be collected, in addition to general safety information, during controlled studies in order to have meaningful information for patients and their relatives when a new drug is marketed.
Intracoronary Hemodynamic Effects of Pressure‐Controlled Intermittent Coronary Sinus Occlusion (PICSO): Results from the First‐In‐Man Prepare PICSO Study
Authors: VAN DE HOEF TIM P , NOLTE FROUKJE , DELEWI RONAK , HENRIQUES JOSE P.S , SPAAN JOS A.E , TIJSSEN JAN G.P , SIEBES MARIA , WYKRZYKOWSKA JOANNA J. , STONE GREGG W. , PIEK JAN J. 
Published: September 2012

Background:
Myocardial reperfusion is frequently suboptimal after ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Using a balloon‐tipped catheter positioned in the coronary sinus (CS), pressure‐controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (PICSO) results in an intermittent obstruction of coronary venous outflow of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), and may improve myocardial perfusion by augmenting redistribution of blood to the border zone of ischemic myocardium. We sought to document the intracoronary hemodynamic effects of PICSO during PCI.
Methods:
We included 15 patients with stable angina scheduled for PCI of the LAD. Balloon occlusion of the LAD was performed twice, once with and once without PICSO and lasting maximally 3 minutes each, to document the effect of PICSO on CS pressure and LAD wedge pressure.
Results:
Catheter delivery was successful in all patients. The study protocol could not be conducted in 5 patients due to initial calibration difficulties (n = 3), a pressure wire problem (n = 1), and a vagal response at the start of the procedure (n = 1). In the remaining 10 patients, CS occlusion caused a marked increase in mean CS pressure (4.1 ± 7.3 mmHg vs. 22.0 ± 12.6 mmHg; P < 0.001) and CS pulse pressure (4.3 ± 0.8 mmHg vs. 36.1 ± 6.3 mmHg; P < 0.001). Concomitantly, mean distal LAD wedge pressure and wedge pulse pressure increased (32.4 ± 12.2 mmHg vs. 35.5 ± 12.6 mmHg; P < 0.001 and 39.1 ± 27.2 mmHg vs. 45.9 ± 26.0 mmHg; P < 0.001, respectively). At 30 day follow‐up, no device‐related events occurred.
Conclusions:
PICSO safely augments CS pressure, thereby increasing LAD coronary wedge pressure. These findings support further evaluation of PICSO in the setting of STEMI. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:549–556)
Alternate Light Sources in the Detection of Bone After an Accelerated Fire: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gallant Amber S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study examines the ability of alternate light sources to detect bone that has been exposed to fire when identification of bone remains is difficult to ascertain. It is intended as a tool for fire investigators to quickly determine whether an area should be considered a forensic scene. After being subjected to a test burn, pig bones were viewed and photographed with the use of a laser, and later compared with aUVlight source. A secondary study observing stages of a human cremation was conducted to assess how various levels of burnt flesh affect the ability of bone to fluoresce utilizing a laser. Both studies demonstrated success in detecting bone while fluorescing with a molten lava type of appearance that has the potential to distinguish bone from its surrounding environment. Limitations and recommendations are discussed by the author including the need for future studies to expand on this research.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A preliminary report
Authors: Lee Yun Hee , Son Seok Hyun , Yoon Sei Chul , Yu Mina , Choi Byung Ock , Kim Yeon Sil , Jang Hong Seok , Lee Sang Nam , Jang Ji Sun , Hwang Tae Kon 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimsWe report the results of a retrospective study of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) using a Cyberknife for prostate cancer.MethodsIn all 29 patients were treated with hypofractionated SBRT using a Cyberknife at median 36 Gy in five fractions. All the patients were treated with a radical aim. Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) was evaluated at baseline and after radiotherapy. Acute (≤3 months) and late (>3 months) urinary and rectal toxicities were recorded according to the CTCAE version 4.0.ResultsThe median duration of follow up was 41 months. PSA values decreased in a time‐dependent way. The median PSA nadir was 0.329 ng/mL, achieved after a median of 23 months’ follow up. Two patients had a PSA failure according to the definition of nadir + 2 ng/mL. Eight patients (28%) had a benign PSA bounce at median 9 months after radiotherapy. CTCAE Grade 2 and 3 late urinary toxicities were reported in 3 and 3%, respectively. One patient had exacerbated urinary symptoms and received an operation. There were no severe late rectal toxicities.ConclusionsThe preliminary findings of our study suggest SBRT is feasible for prostate cancer treatment. Further studies with more patients and longer follow‐up duration are required.
Neighborhood Effects on the Long-Term Well-Being of Low-Income Adults
Authors: Ludwig Jens , Duncan Greg J. , Gennetian Lisa A. , Katz Lawrence F. , Kessler Ronald C. , Kling Jeffrey R. , Sanbonmatsu Lisa 
Published: September 2012

Location, Location, LocationIt seems obvious that a person's residential neighborhood will influence their sense of well-being, but it has been difficult to nail down cause and effect.Ludwiget al.(p.1505; see the Perspective bySampson) describe the analysis, 10 to 15 years onward, of a large-scale social experiment carried out in five U.S. cities in the mid 1990s. Several thousand residents of poor neighborhoods were given housing vouchers that could only be used if they moved into much less poor neighborhoods. In comparison to a similar group of individuals who did not move, those who did experienced substantial improvement in their subjective well-being.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mycobacterium bovis Genome Resolve Phylogenetic Relationships
Authors: Joshi Deepti , Harris N. Beth , Waters Ray , Thacker Tyler , Mathema Barun , Krieswirth Barry , Sreevatsan Srinand 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium bovis
isolates carry restricted allelic variation yet exhibit a range of disease phenotypes and host preferences. Conventional genotyping methods target small hypervariable regions of the
M. bovis
genome and provide anonymous biallelic information that is insufficient to develop phylogeny. To resolve phylogeny and establish trait-allele associations, we interrogated 75
M. bovis
and 61
M. tuberculosis
genomes for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), using iPLEX MassArray (Sequenom Inc., CA) technology. We indexed nucleotide variations in 306 genic and 44 intergenic loci among isolates derived from outbreaks in the United States from 1991 to 2010 and isolated from a variety of mammalian hosts. Two hundred six variant SNPs classified the 136 isolates and 4 previously sequenced strains (AF2122/97, BCG Pasteur, H37Rv, and CDC1551) into 5 major “SNP cluster groups.”
M. bovis
isolates clustered into three major lineages based on 118 variant SNPs, while 84 SNPs differentiated the
M. bovis
BCG lineage from the virulent isolates. Forty-nine of the 51 human
M. tuberculosis
isolates were identical at all 350 loci studied. Thus, SNP-based analyses resolved the genotypic differences within
M. bovis
strains and differentiated these strains from
M. tuberculosis
strains representing diversity in time and space, providing population genetic frameworks that may aid in identifying factors responsible for the wide host range and disease phenotypes of
M. bovis
.
Evaluation of the FTA Carrier Device for Human Papillomavirus Testing in Developing Countries
Authors: Gonzalez Paula , Cortes Bernal , Quint Wim , Kreimer Aimée R. , Porras Carolina , Rodríguez Ana Cecilia , Jimenez Silvia , Herrero Rolando , Struijk Linda , Hildesheim Allan , Melchers Willem 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Liquid-based methods for the collection, transportation, and storage of cervical cells are cumbersome and expensive and involve laborious DNA extraction. An FTA cartridge is a solid carrier device, easier to handle and allowing simple DNA elution for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. HPV-DNA results from cervical specimens collected in PreservCyt medium (Hologic, Inc.) and the indicating FTA elute cartridge were compared in an area where transportation and storage may affect the performance of the test. Cervical cells from 319 young adult women enrolled in the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial were collected by a nurse using a Cervex brush (Roberts), which was placed on the FTA cartridge and subsequently rinsed in 20 ml of PreservCyt medium. Two 0.5-ml PreservCyt aliquots were frozen for HPV-PCR testing; the FTA cartridges were kept at room temperature. HPV-DNA detection and typing was performed using SPF
10
PCR/DEIA (DNA enzyme immunoassay detection of amplimers)/LiPA
25
system. The percent agreement, agreement among positives, and kappas were estimated. Positivity was higher for FTA compared to PreservCyt specimens (54.5% versus 45.8%,
P
< 0.001). For oncogenic types, the overall agreement was 0.92, the agreement between positives was 0.74, and the kappa was 0.79. For individual HPV types, the overall agreement ranged from 0.97 to 1.00. We did not observe reduced cytology adequacy when specimen collection for cytology was preceded by FTA collection for HPV testing. HPV-DNA detection from FTA cartridges is broadly comparable to detection from PC medium. The higher HPV detection observed for FTA-collected specimens should be explored further. FTA cartridges could provide a simpler and more cost-effective method for cervical cell collection, storage, and transportation for HPV-DNA detection in research settings in developing countries.
NS5A Sequence Heterogeneity of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4a Predicts Clinical Outcome of Pegylated-Interferon–Ribavirin Therapy in Egyptian Patients
Authors: El-Shamy Ahmed , Shoji Ikuo , El-Akel Wafaa , Bilasy Shymaa E. , Deng Lin , El-Raziky Maissa , Jiang Da-peng , Esmat Gamal , Hotta Hak 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) is the cause of approximately 20% of the 180 million cases of chronic hepatitis C in the world. HCV-4 infection is common in the Middle East and Africa, with an extraordinarily high prevalence in Egypt. Viral genetic polymorphisms, especially within core and NS5A regions, have been implicated in influencing the response to pegylated-interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) combination therapy in HCV-1 infection. However, this has not been confirmed in HCV-4 infection. Here, we investigated the impact of heterogeneity of NS5A and core proteins of HCV-4, mostly subtype HCV-4a, on the clinical outcomes of 43 Egyptian patients treated with PEG-IFN/RBV. Sliding window analysis over the carboxy terminus of NS5A protein identified the IFN/RBV resistance-determining region (IRRDR) as the most prominent region associated with sustained virological response (SVR). Indeed, 21 (84%) of 25 patients with SVR, but only 5 (28%) of 18 patients with non-SVR, were infected with HCV having IRRDR with 4 or more mutations (IRRDR ≥ 4) (
P
= 0.0004). Multivariate analysis identified IRRDR ≥ 4 as an independent SVR predictor. The positive predictive value of IRRDR ≥ 4 for SVR was 81% (21/26;
P
= 0.002), while its negative predictive value for non-SVR was 76% (13/17;
P
= 0.02). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between core protein polymorphisms, either at residue 70 or at residue 91, and treatment outcome. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate for the first time that IRRDR ≥ 4, a viral genetic heterogeneity, would be a useful predictive marker for SVR in HCV-4 infection when treated with PEG-IFN/RBV.
A Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Glycoprotein D Mutant Generated by Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Mutagenesis Is Severely Impaired for Infecting Neuronal Cells and Infects Only Vero Cells Expressing Exogenous HVEM
Authors: Wang Kening , Kappel Justin D. , Canders Caleb , Davila Wilmer F. , Sayre Dean , Chavez Mayra , Pesnicak Lesley , Cohen Jeffrey I. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

We constructed a herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone, bHSV2-BAC38, which contains full-length HSV-2 inserted into a BAC vector. Unlike previously reported HSV-2 BAC clones, the virus genome inserted into this BAC clone has no known gene disruptions. Virus derived from the BAC clone had a wild-type phenotype for growth
in vitro
and for acute infection, latency, and reactivation in mice. HVEM, expressed on epithelial cells and lymphocytes, and nectin-1, expressed on neurons and epithelial cells, are the two principal receptors used by HSV to enter cells. We used the HSV-2 BAC clone to construct an HSV-2 glycoprotein D mutant (HSV2-gD27) with point mutations in amino acids 215, 222, and 223, which are critical for the interaction of gD with nectin-1. HSV2-gD27 infected cells expressing HVEM, including a human epithelial cell line. However, the virus lost the ability to infect cells expressing only nectin-1, including neuronal cell lines, and did not infect ganglia in mice. Surprisingly, we found that HSV2-gD27 could not infect Vero cells unless we transduced the cells with a retrovirus expressing HVEM. High-level expression of HVEM in Vero cells also resulted in increased syncytia and enhanced cell-to-cell spread in cells infected with wild-type HSV-2. The inability of the HSV2-gD27 mutant to infect neuronal cells
in vitro
or sensory ganglia in mice after intramuscular inoculation suggests that this HSV-2 mutant might be an attractive candidate for a live attenuated HSV-2 vaccine.
Complete Genome Sequence of Two Variant Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses Isolated from Vaccinated Piglets
Authors: Zhang Guanqun , Lu Wenhui , Chen Yanshan , Zhu Ling , Wei Zhongyan , Li Zhili , Sun Baoli , Xie Qingmei , Bi Yingzuo , Ma Jingyun 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to affect the Chinese swine industry. Since 2006, variant PRRSV strains sharing two unique discontinuous deletions of 30 amino acids in the nonstructural protein Nsp2 have become dominant in Chinese swine herds and have caused huge economic losses to the swine industry in China. Here we report the complete genome sequence of two novel PRRSV variants isolated from vaccinated piglets with additional amino acid deletions in Nsp2.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from a Chicken in West Africa
Authors: Kim Shin-Hee , Nayak Subhashree , Paldurai Anandan , Nayak Baibaswata , Samuel Arthur , Aplogan Gilbert L. , Awoume Kodzo A. , Webby Richard J. , Ducatez Mariette F. , Collins Peter L. , Samal Siba K. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
The complete genome sequence of an African Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain isolated from a chicken in Togo in 2009 was determined. The genome is 15,198 nucleotides (nt) in length and is classified in genotype VII in the class II cluster. Compared to common vaccine strains, the African strain contains a previously described 6-nt insert in the downstream untranslated region of the N gene and a novel 6-nt insert in the HN-L intergenic region. Genome length differences are a marker of the natural history of NDV. This is the first description of a class II NDV strain with a genome of 15,198 nt and a 6-nt insert in the HN-L intergenic region. Sequence divergence relative to vaccine strains was substantial, likely contributes to outbreaks, and illustrates the continued evolution of new NDV strains in West Africa.
Regulation of Paramyxovirus Fusion Activation: the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Protein Stabilizes the Fusion Protein in a Pretriggered State
Authors: Porotto Matteo , Salah Zuhair W. , Gui Long , DeVito Ilaria , Jurgens Eric M. , Lu Hong , Yokoyama Christine C. , Palermo Laura M. , Lee Kelly K. , Moscona Anne 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
The hemagglutinin (HA)-neuraminidase protein (HN) of paramyxoviruses carries out three discrete activities, each of which affects the ability of HN to promote viral fusion and entry: receptor binding, receptor cleaving (neuraminidase), and triggering of the fusion protein. Binding of HN to its sialic acid receptor on a target cell triggers its activation of the fusion protein (F), which then inserts into the target cell and mediates the membrane fusion that initiates infection. We provide new evidence for a fourth function of HN: stabilization of the F protein in its pretriggered state before activation. Influenza virus hemagglutinin protein (uncleaved HA) was used as a nonspecific binding protein to tether F-expressing cells to target cells, and heat was used to activate F, indicating that the prefusion state of F can be triggered to initiate structural rearrangement and fusion by temperature. HN expression along with uncleaved HA and F enhances the F activation if HN is permitted to engage the receptor. However, if HN is prevented from engaging the receptor by the use of a small compound, temperature-induced F activation is curtailed. The results indicate that HN helps stabilize the prefusion state of F, and analysis of a stalk domain mutant HN reveals that the stalk domain of HN mediates the F-stabilization effect.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Pestivirus from Sheep
Authors: Becher Paul , Schmeiser Stefanie , Oguzoglu Tuba Cigdem , Postel Alexander 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
We report here the complete genome sequence of pestivirus strain Aydin/04-TR, which is the prototype of a group of similar viruses currently present in sheep and goats in Turkey. Sequence data from this virus showed that it clusters separately from the established and previously proposed tentative pestivirus species.
Contribution of NS1 Effector Domain Dimerization to Influenza A Virus Replication and Virulence
Authors: Ayllon Juan , Russell Rupert J. , García-Sastre Adolfo , Hale Benjamin G. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Conserved tryptophan-187 facilitates homodimerization of the influenza A virus NS1 protein effector domain. We generated a mutant influenza virus strain expressing NS1-W187R to destabilize this self-interaction. NS1-W187R protein exhibited lower double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding activity, showed a temporal redistribution during infection, and was minimally compromised for interferon antagonism. The mutant virus replicated similarly to the wild type
in vitro
, but it was slightly attenuated for replication in mice, causing notably reduced morbidity and mortality. These data suggest biological relevance for the W187-mediated homotypic interaction of NS1.
Dual Roles of PARP-1 Promote Cancer Growth and Progression
Authors: Schiewer Matthew J. , Goodwin Jonathan F. , Han Sumin , Brenner J. Chad , Augello Michael A. , Dean Jeffry L. , Liu Fengzhi , Planck Jamie L. , Ravindranathan Preethi , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , McCue Peter , Gomella Leonard G. , Raj Ganesh V. , Dicker Adam P. , Brody Jonathan R. , Pascal John M. , Centenera Margaret M. , Butler Lisa M. , Tilley Wayne D. , Feng Felix Y. , Knudsen Karen E. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
PARP-1 is an abundant nuclear enzyme that modifies substrates by poly(ADP-ribose)-ylation. PARP-1 has well-described functions in DNA damage repair and also functions as a context-specific regulator of transcription factors. With multiple models, data show that PARP-1 elicits protumorigenic effects in androgen receptor (AR)–positive prostate cancer cells, in both the presence and absence of genotoxic insult. Mechanistically, PARP-1 is recruited to sites of AR function, therein promoting AR occupancy and AR function. It was further confirmed in genetically defined systems that PARP-1 supports AR transcriptional function, and that in models of advanced prostate cancer, PARP-1 enzymatic activity is enhanced, further linking PARP-1 to AR activity and disease progression. In vivo analyses show that PARP-1 activity is required for AR function in xenograft tumors, as well as tumor cell growth in vivo and generation and maintenance of castration resistance. Finally, in a novel explant system of primary human tumors, targeting PARP-1 potently suppresses tumor cell proliferation. Collectively, these studies identify novel functions of PARP-1 in promoting disease progression, and ultimately suggest that the dual functions of PARP-1 can be targeted in human prostate cancer to suppress tumor growth and progression to castration resistance.
Significance: These studies introduce a paradigm shift with regard to PARP-1 function in human malignancy, and suggest that the dual functions of PARP-1 in DNA damage repair and transcription factor regulation can be leveraged to suppress pathways critical for promalignant phenotypes in prostate cancer cells by modulation of the DNA damage response and hormone signaling pathways. The combined studies highlight the importance of dual PARP-1 function in malignancy and provide the basis for therapeutic targeting. Cancer Discov; 2(12); 1134–49. ©2012 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1065
Moisture Modes and the Eastward Propagation of the MJO
Authors: Sobel Adam , Maloney Eric 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The authors discuss modifications to a simple linear model of intraseasonal moisture modes. Wind–evaporation feedbacks were shown in an earlier study to induce westward propagation in an eastward mean low-level flow in this model. Here additional processes, which provide effective sources of moist static energy to the disturbances and which also depend on the low-level wind, are considered. Several processes can act as positive sources in perturbation easterlies: zonal advection (if the mean zonal moisture gradient is eastward), modulation of synoptic eddy drying by the MJO-scale wind perturbations, and frictional convergence. If the sum of these is stronger than the wind–evaporation feedback—as observations suggest may be the case, though with considerable uncertainty—the model produces unstable modes that propagate weakly eastward relative to the mean flow. With a small amount of horizontal diffusion or other scale-selective damping, the growth rate is greatest at the largest horizontal scales and decreases monotonically with wavenumber.