bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design-Focused Acoustic Analysis of Curved Geometries Using a Differential Raytracing Technique
Authors: Wulfrank Thomas , Jurkiewicz Yann , Kahle Eckhard 
Published: June 2014

Curved surfaces have a major influence on the propagation of sound in rooms. Convex surfaces always lead to attenuated reflections spread out over a larger area, while concave surfaces create either amplification or attenuation of reflections, depending on the source and receiver positions relative to the curved surface. Contemporary architecture often involves extensive use of both convex and concave surfaces. Therefore, acoustic consultants need to be able to quickly gain a thorough understanding of a given curved geometry, and judge to what extent the arising focusing will be either benign or problematic (due to focusing, inhomogeneous sound distribution or flutter echoes). The advent of NURBS-based 3D software (e.g. Rhino5) has made it possible to carry out very precise geometrical raytracing on curved surfaces, revealing their geometrical coverage. As a further refinement, a differential raytracing technique is proposed, allowing the straightforward calculation of the amplification or attenuation created by a given curved surface. This purely geometrical technique can also be applied to higher order reflections, in order to help identify flutter echo problems created by multiple reflection paths involving concave surfaces. Practical examples of halls with significant curved geometries will be given to illustrate the use of this approach, including Wigmore Hall, London and Wuxi Grand Theatre.
Aggregate Impact of Different Brand Development Strategies
Authors: Hariharan Vijay Ganesh , Bezawada Ram , Talukdar Debabrata 
Published: June 2014

Current branding literature investigates the spillover effects and extension effects due to the introduction of product extensions. However, no study so far has evaluated the aggregate market impact of these effects across different brand development strategies or accounted for the strategic decision to introduce the extension. It is important to examine the above given the significant investments and the high failure rates associated with the introduction of new product extensions. In this study, we develop an analytical framework that derives revenue outcome due to an extension introduction as a function of spillover and extension effects. We empirically estimate the above effects through a Bayesian endogenous switching model that jointly models market shares of the extension and its parent brand along with the strategic decision to introduce the extension and the endogeneity in prices. By using a data set that covers 155 extensions introduced across 20 U.S. geographic markets, we obtain several new generalizable empirical insights. Our results show that spillover effects are higher for brand extensions, whereas line extensions benefit through larger extension effects. We find that vertically differentiating a line extension in terms of increased quality mitigates its negative spillover effects. The addition of a new brand name (i.e., sub-branding) lowers spillover effects for line extensions, whereas it increases the market performance for brand extensions. Our findings provide several strategic implications for manufacturers to successfully introduce and manage product extensions. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1900 . This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Conflicting Social Codes and Organizations: Hygiene and Authenticity in Consumer Evaluations of Restaurants
Authors: Lehman David W. , Kovács Balázs , Carroll Glenn R. 
Published: June 2014

Organization theory highlights the spread of norms of rationality in contemporary life. Yet rationality does not always spread without friction; individuals often act based on other beliefs and norms. We explore this problem in the context of restaurants and diners. We argue that consumers potentially apply either of two social codes when forming value judgments about restaurants: (1) an apparently rational science-based code of hygiene involving compliance with local health regulations or (2) a context-activated code of authenticity involving conformity to cultural norms. We propose that violations of the hygiene code recede in importance when the authenticity code is activated. This claim is supported by empirical analyses of 442,086 online consumer reviews and 52,740 governmental health inspections conducted from 2004 to 2011.This paper was accepted by Gérard P. Cachon, organizations.
Metonymy and word-formation revisited
Authors: Janda Laura A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBrdar and Brdar-Szabó (this volume) offer a critique of Janda (2011). Janda (2011) found that the same cognitive strategy that facilitates metonymy, namely use of a conceptual source to access a target, can also be invoked in many patterns of affixal word-formation. In other words, many cases of word-formation appear to be motivated by metonymic association. Brdar and Brdar-Szabó claim that it is incorrect to refer to word-formational processes as metonymies. In addition to the robust parallels evidenced in my data, I offer three arguments to defend my use of the term “metonymy”: (1) a broader definition of metonymy facilitates more insightful generalizations; (2) there is no fixed boundary between lexical metonymy and word-formational metonymy since they coexist in the lexicon-grammar continuum; and (3) context, whether it be a suffix or other cues, is always a factor in metonymy.
The semantics of the transitive causative construction: Evidence from a forced-choice pointing study with adults and children
Authors: Ambridge Ben , Noble Claire H. , Lieven Elena V. M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAdults and children aged 3;0–3;6 were presented with ungrammatical NVN uses of intransitive-only verbs (e.g., *Bob laughed Wendy) and asked – by means of a forced-choice pointing task – to select either a causal construction-meaning interpretation (e.g., ‘Bob made Wendy laugh’) or a non-causal sentence-repair interpretation (e.g., ‘Bob laughed at Wendy’). Both age groups chose casual construction-meaning interpretations on at least 82% of trials, regardless of (a) verb frequency and (b) the construction used for grammatical control/filler trials (transitive – e.g., Bob moved Wendy – or intransitive – e.g., Wendy moved). These findings constitute support for cognitive linguistic approaches under which verb argument structure constructions have meanings in and of themselves and – further – suggest that construction meaning is sufficiently powerful as to overrule verb meaning when the two conflict.
Deconstructing a verbal illusion: The ‘No X is too Y to Z’ construction and the rhetoric of negation
Authors: Fortuin Egbert 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe sentence No head injury is too trivial to be ignored is often presented as a verbal illusion. According to the standard view, this sentence, which seems perfectly acceptable at first sight, is in fact logically incorrect. It is usually assumed that sentences such as these are produced as the result of negation overload, but get a coherent interpretation because of shallow processing, and because of pragmatic factors, which overrule semantics and syntax. In this paper it is argued that this analysis is incorrect and that No head injury is too trivial to be ignored can be seen as an instance of the negative ‘No X is too Z to Y’ construction, which is a sub-construction of the abstract ‘No X is too Y to Z’ construction. This negative construction can be seen as a conventionalized construction (form-meaning unit) that has a transparent (i.e. linguistically analyzable) syntactic structure that can be linked to and motivated by other constructions. It is shown that the occurrence of negative ‘No X is too Z to Y’ construction has to do with the rhetorical function of the infinitival verb in these sentences, and the need to express particular information by a form-meaning element. This study stresses the importance of the rhetorical dimension of constructions.
Dechlorination Mechanism of CuCl Residue from Zinc Hydrometallurgy by Microwave Roasting
Authors: Lu Shuaidan , Ju Shaohua , Peng Jinhui , Zhu Xiaoping , Srinivasakannan C. , Zhang Libo , Tu Ganfeng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRemoval of chlorine (Cl) from the CuCl residue in the process of zinc hydrometallurgy is of great importance to improve the process economics. The current processing methods result in generation of large quantities of polluted discharge necessitating waste treatment systems. The present work attempts to de-chlorinate the CuCl residue through thermal treatment with application of microwave, towards which the effect of the major experimental factors such as roasting temperature, heating duration and particle size of samples on the process has been investigated. And the changes of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of the dechlorination reactions are calculated which show that: 1) CuCl can react with H
Kinetic Modelling of Photoconversion of Phenol by a Photo-Fenton Reagent and UV
Authors: Villota Natalia , Camarero Luis Miguel , Lomas Jose Maria , Legaristi Mikel 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This study analyses the oxidation of phenol using Fenton reagent in presence of ultraviolet light, enhancing the mineralization capacity of the treatment. Phenol oxidation generates reaction intermediates more toxic and refractory than phenol itself. Thus, the reaction must be carried out under harder conditions, leading these compounds to biodegradable acids that can be dumped into public sewages. Then, this paper considers a complete kinetic modelling of the phenol oxidation stages, differentiating the formation rate of species generated through ortho, meta and para pathways. The model is based on a mechanism of series reactions, wherein a first step degrades into dihydroxylated intermediates (catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone). A second stage leads to tri-hydroxylated rings (pyrogallol) and benzoquinones (o-benzoquinone and p-benzoquinone), and both species may coexist in the reaction mixture. Next, if conditions are sufficiently oxidizing, they decompose into biodegradable organic acids (muconic, formic or acetic acids). In this mechanism, the parallel reactions, due to the presence of the metal catalyst, are considered. So, on one hand, there is a formation of metal complexes between species ortho-substituted and ferric ions from the catalyst. On the other hand, there is a precipitation of part of the initial catalyst as ferric hydroxide, due to the presence of ultraviolet light, which is determined by the operation pH.
Studies have been performed on the selectivity of the oxidation in function of the reaction conditions. Then, when operating with pH = 3.0, oxidation was favoured via ortho-substituted compounds. Treatment is advisable within Pho = 100–300 mg/L, being necessary to apply molar ratios of oxidant above R = 6.0 mol H2O2/mol C6H5OH to degrade these intermediates. Moreover, kinetic constants of formation of generated species are estimated, supposing that follows an evolution comparable to first-order reactions. Analysis checks that these kinetic constants present some relation to the operating conditions. In this way, a mathematical estimation is presented, showing the dependence of the kinetics on the parameters controlling the process (pH, initial concentration of phenol, oxidant molar ratio, catalyst dosage and temperature). As a result, the behaviour of the system can be predicted within the considered range.
Critical Reflections on Rothbard’s Concept of Gross Investment
Authors: Braun Eduard 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper critiques Rothbard’s ([1962] 2004. Man, Economy, and State – A Treatise on Economic Principles. Auburn, AL: Mises Institute) concept of gross investment. Rothbard introduced the concept in order to demonstrate his point that it is not consumer spending that primarily drives the economy, like the mainstream Keynesian view maintains, but the capitalists’ spending. In this paper, it is argued that, contrary to Rothbard’s opinion, the amount of gross investment as he defines it does not contain significant information concerning the question as to whether the capital structure of a society can be upheld or not. Instead, it is an arbitrary figure that depends on the length of the different stages of production. This problem has not been recognized by Rothbard because his exposition rests upon the assumption of an equal time length for all stages. Apparently, he has been led astray by his intention to find arguments against the importance of consumer spending in the determination of output.
Lq
-regularization for the inverse Robin problem
Authors: Fan Qibin , Jiao Yuling , Lu Xiliang , Sun Zhiyuan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper, an inverse Robin problem for an elliptic equation is investigated. The Robin coefficient is assumed to be a small perturbation from a reference coefficient, hence a sparse structure is a priori known. An Lq
-regularized output least square formulation is considered with q ∈ (0,1). The existence of the minimizer is proved. The convergence of the finite element discretization with respect to mesh size is shown. A modified Newton algorithm is applied to solve the smoothing first order optimality system. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
An identification problem related to the Biot system
Authors: Priimenko Viatcheslav I. , Vishnevskii Mikhail P. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we study the propagation of elastic waves in porous media governed by the Biot equations in the low frequency range. We prove the existence and uniqueness result both for the direct problem and the inverse one, which consists in identifying the unknown scalar function f(t) in the body density force f(t)𝐠(𝐱,t) acting on a poroelastic body when some additional measurement is available.
Are preterm newborns who have relative hyperthyrotropinemia at increased risk of brain damage?
Authors: Korzeniewski Steven J. , Soto-Rivera Carmen L. , Fichorova Raina N. , Allred Elizabeth N. , Kuban Karl C.K. , O’Shea T. Michael , Paneth Nigel , Agus Michael , Dammann Olaf , Leviton Alan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe sought to disentangle the contributions of hyperthyrotropinemia (an indicator of thyroid dysfunction) (HTT) and intermittent or sustained systemic inflammation (ISSI) to structural and functional indicators of brain damage.We measured the concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on day 14 and of 25 inflammation-related proteins in blood collected during the first 2 postnatal weeks from 786 infants born before the 28th week of gestation who were not considered to have hypothyroidism. We defined hyperthyrotropinemia (HTT) as a TSH concentration in the highest quartile for gestational age on postnatal day 14 and ISSI was defined as a concentration in the top quartile for gestational age of a specific inflammation-related protein on 2 separate days a week apart during the first 2 postnatal weeks. We first assessed the risk of brain damage indicators by comparing 1) neonates who had HTT to those without (regardless of ISSI) and 2) neonates with HTT only, ISSI only, or HTT+ISSI to those who were exposed to neither HTT nor ISSI.In univariable models that compared those with HTT to those without, HTT was not significantly associated with any indicator of brain damage. In models that compared HTT only, ISSI only, and HTT+ISSI to those with neither, children with ISSI only or with HTT+ISSI were at significantly higher risk of ventriculomegaly [odds ratios (ORs) 2–6], whereas those with HTT only were at significantly reduced risk of a hypoechoic lesion (ORs 0.2–0.4). Children with HTT only had a higher risk of quadriparesis and those with ISSI alone had a higher risk of hemiparesis (ORs 1.6–2.4). Elevated risk of a very low mental development score was associated with both ISSI only and HTT+ISSI, whereas a very low motor development score and microcephaly were associated with HTT+ISSI.The association of HTT with increased or decreased risk of indicators of brain damage depends on the presence or absence of ISSI.
Postnatal kidney maturation regulates renal artery myogenic constriction
Authors: Soni Hitesh , Buddington Randal K. , Adebiyi Adebowale 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Aim: Intravascular pressure-induced vasoconstriction (myogenic constriction) is central to renal blood flow autoregulation. At term, kidney maturation is functionally incomplete. Premature neonates are at risk of kidney dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether renal artery myogenic constriction is altered after preterm birth. Here, we compared renal artery myogenic constriction in full-term and preterm pigs during the first week of life.

Methods: We investigated myogenic constriction in small interlobular arteries isolated from the kidneys of pigs delivered at term and at 91% of term (with and without 96 h of neonatal intensive care).

Results: Cross-sectional area, media/lumen ratio, and luminal diameter measured under passive conditions were similar in arteries from full-term and preterm pig kidneys. An acute elevation in intravascular pressure from 20 to 100 mm Hg increased arterial wall tension and induced steady-state constriction of the arteries. However, arteries isolated from newly born preterm pigs (within 24 h) developed greater myogenic tone and lower active wall tension compared with arteries from full-term and 4-day-old preterm neonates. Pressure-induced elevation in intracellular Ca2+ was also larger in arteries from newly born preterm pigs compared with full-term and 4-day-old preterm pigs.

Conclusion: Myogenic constriction is elevated in newly born preterm pigs. Our data also suggests that postnatal kidney maturation may modulate renal blood flow autoregulation.
Open-Access Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Frequently Leads to Additional Colonoscopy in Symptomatic Patients over 50 years
Authors: Pullens Hendrikus J.M. , Joosten Marieke , Siersema Peter D. , Brink Menno A. 
Published: June 2014

Background & Aims: General practitioners (GPs) in the Netherlands have open access to flexiblesigmoidoscopy (FS) for patients with lower gastrointestinal symptoms, but not to colonoscopy. This studywas performed to investigate the yield of FS in GP-referred patients, to evaluate the proportion of patientsin whom additional colonoscopy was performed and to investigate whether there was a subgroup of patients referred for symptoms with a low risk of detecting significant findings.Methods: All patients undergoing FS in 2008 and 2009 who were referred by GPs were analyzed. Indications for additional colonoscopy were the presence of polyps and/or colorectal cancer (CRC), polyp screening or surveillance, incomplete FS or other reasons.Results: In total, 916 patients underwent FS. A cause for the symptoms was found in 44.2% of patients. In patients aged 50 years or older, additional colonoscopy was more frequently performed than in younger patients (27.5% vs. 9.6%, OR=3.6 [95% CI 2.4-5.4]), mainly due to a higher prevalence of adenomatous polyps (29.9% vs. 10.5%, OR=3.6 [95% CI 2.4-5.4]) and CRC (7.5% vs. 1.3%, OR=6.2 [95% CI 2.2-17.5]) during FS. In 7.8% patients undergoing FS for abdominal pain as the presenting symptom, a probable cause for the symptoms was found, mainly diverticular disease.Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of polyps and CRC in symptomatic patients aged 50 years or older undergoing FS, an additional colonoscopy is performed frequently. In patients referred with abdominal pain, FS is unlikely to reveal a relevant cause for the symptoms.
Endogenous Heparinoids Detected by anti-Xa Activity are Present in Blood during Acute Variceal Bleeding in Cirrhosis. A Prospective Study
Authors: Triantos Christos , Louvros Emmanuel , Kalafateli Maria , Riddell Anne , Thalheimer Ulrich , Michailidou Maria , Thomopoulos Konstantinos , Lampropoulou-Karatza Chryssoula , Gogos Charalambos , Nikolopoulou Vasiliki , Burroughs Andrew K 
Published: June 2014

Background & Aims: Endogenous heparinoids have been detected by thromboelastography and quantified by clotting based anti-Xa activity assays in patients with cirrhosis, but their presence in variceal bleeding has not been established yet.Methods: Clotting based anti-Xa activity was measured in A) 30 cirrhotics with variceal bleeding, B) 15 noncirrhotics with peptic ulcer bleeding, C) 10 cirrhotics without infection or bleeding, and D) 10 cirrhotics with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Results: Anti-Xa activity was not detected in ulcer bleeders or in cirrhotics without infection or bleedingbut was present in seven (23%) variceal bleeders (median levels: 0.03 u/mL (0.01-0.07)) and was quantifiable for 3 days in six of seven patients. Four of seven variceal bleeders with anti-Xa activity present had HCC (p=0.023). Age, creatinine, platelet count and total infections the second day from admission were significantly correlated with the presence of measureable anti-Xa levels (p=0.014, 0.032, 0.004 and 0.019, respectively). In the HCC group, anti-Xa activity was present in three patients (30%) [median levels: 0.05 u/mL (0.01-0.06)].Conclusions: In this study, variceal bleeders and 30% of the patients with HCC had endogenous heparinoids that were detected by a clotting based anti-Xa activity assay, whereas there was no anti Xa activity present in patients with cirrhosis without infection, or bleeding or HCC, nor in those with ulcer bleeding. Thus, the anti-Xa activity is likely to be a response to bacterial infection and/or presence of HCC in cirrhosis.List of abbreviations: AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; CP, Child-Pugh; FXa, activated factor X; GAGS, glycosaminoglycans; Hb, hemoglobin; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HVPG, hepatic venous pressure gradient; INR, International normalized ratio; LMWHs, low molecular weight heparins; MELD, Model for End-stage Liver Disease; PPP, platelet-poor plasma; PRBC, packed red blood cells; PT, prothrombin time; SBP, sponataneous bacterial peritonitis; TEG, thromboelastography; WBC, white blood cells.