bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 10‐Year Clinical and Radiographic Study of Implants Placed after Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation with an 80:20 Mixture of Deproteinized Bovine Bone and Autogenous Bone
Authors: Mordenfeld Arne , Albrektsson Tomas , Hallman Mats 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for prospective, long‐term follow‐up studies of implants placed after maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA).PurposeThe aim of the present study was to determine whether deprotenized bovine bone (DPBB) used for MSFA may result in long‐term stability of placed dental implants.Material and MethodsFourteen of the 20 patients included in the study were followed throughout the 10 years study period. These patients had 53 implants placed in 22 (6 unilateral and 8 bilateral) maxillary sinuses augmented with a mixture of 80% DPBB and 20% autogenous bone (80:20), and 15 implants placed in non‐grafted sites. Clinical and radiographic examinations of the implants and grafts were performed.ResultsAfter 10 years of functional loading 15 of the initially placed 108 implants had been lost giving a cumulative survival rate of 86%. The mean marginal bone loss was 1.6 ± 1.0 mm. There were no statistically significant differences in marginal bone level, pocket depth, or ISQ‐values between implants placed in residual or grafted bone or between smokers or non‐smokers at 10 years follow‐up. There was a statistically significant reduction (p < .01) in graft height between 3 months and 2 years but no further significant reduction up to 10 years.ConclusionsThe first 2 years after placement of implants with turned surfaces placed in sites after sinus floor augmentation with DPBB and autogenous bone seem to be critical for implant survival. At 10 years follow‐up, the remaining implants presented excellent clinical and radiological results regardless of smoking habits or implant sites (augmented or residual bone).
Evaluation of the right ventricular ejection fraction during classic orthotopic liver transplantation without venovenous bypass
Authors: Xu Haitao , Li Weiwei , Xu Zhendong , Shi Xueyin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundRight ventricular (RV) function is sensitive to changes in cardiac loading conditions, and RV dysfunction may contribute to hemodynamic instability during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Thus, we evaluated RV function and its role in hemodynamic instability during classic OLT without venovenous bypass (VVB).MethodsThirty patients undergoing classic OLT without VVB were studied. Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was measured using a modified pulmonary artery catheter. Hemodynamic data were recorded at pre‐determined time points: T0, baseline; T1–T3: 5, 15, and 30 min after clamping; T4–T7: 5, 15, 30, and 120 min after reperfusion; T8 and T9: 24 and 48 h after surgery.ResultsThe baseline RVEF was lower than normal value. RVEF decreased significantly from T1 to T4 and returned to baseline beginning at T5. At 24 and 48 h after surgery, RVEF was higher than baseline value. RVEF was correlated with stroke volume index and post‐reperfusion syndrome during OLT. Compared to the low MELDs group, RVEF in the high MELDs group was lower at T1, T2, and T4.ConclusionsRight ventricular function was compromised during the anhepatic and early reperfusion stages in patients undergoing classic OLT without VVB, particularly in the high MELD score patients. Close monitoring of RV function in these patients should be considered.
Safety and tolerability of the T‐cell depletion protocol coupled with anakinra and etanercept for clinical islet cell transplantation
Authors: Takita Morihito , Matsumoto Shinichi , Shimoda Masayuki , Chujo Daisuke , Itoh Takeshi , SoRelle Jeffrey A. , Purcell Kerri , Onaca Nicholas , Naziruddin Bashoo , Levy Marlon F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundIslet cell transplantation (ICT) is a promising approach to cure patients with type 1 diabetes. We have implemented a new immunosuppression protocol with antithymoglobulin plus anti‐inflammatory agents of anakinra and eternacept for induction and tacrolimus plus mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance [T‐cell depletion with anti‐inflammatory (TCD‐AI) protocol], resulting in successful single‐donor ICT.MethodsEight islet recipients with type 1 diabetes reported adverse events (AEs) monthly. AEs were compared between three groups: first infusion with the TCD‐AI protocol (TCD‐AI‐1st) and first and second infusion with the Edmonton‐type protocol (Edmonton‐1st and Edmonton‐2nd).ResultsThe incidence of symptomatic AEs within the initial three months in the TCD‐AI‐1st group was less than in the Edmonton‐1st and Edmonton‐2nd groups, with a marginally significant difference (mean ± SE: 5.5 ± 0.3, 7.5 ± 0.5, and 8.3 ± 1.3, respectively; p = 0.07). A significant reduction in liver enzyme elevation after ICT was found in the TCD‐AI‐1st group compared with the Edmonton‐1st and Edmonton‐2nd groups (p < 0.05). Because of AEs, all patients in the Edmonton protocol eventually converted to the TCD‐AI protocol, whereas all patients tolerated the TCD‐AI protocol.ConclusionsTCD‐AI protocol can be tolerated for successful ICT, although this study includes small cohort, and large population trial should be taken.
Recurrence of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis following orthotopic liver transplantation in the context of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: El Atrache Mazen M. , Abouljoud Marwan S. , Divine George , Yoshida Atsushi , Kim Dean Y. , Kazimi Marwan M. , Moonka Dilip , Huang Mary A. , Brown Kim 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC) are increasing indications for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The aim of this study is to describe our outcomes and delineate predictors of recurrence of NASH and CC after OLT.MethodsThis is a retrospective study from 1996 to 2008. Donor and recipient demographics, metabolic profile, insulin and steroid intake, immunosuppression regimen, operative factors, outcomes, and pathologies were reviewed. Fisher's exact test, Cox regression models, and Kaplan–Meier plots were used.ResultsA total of 83 patients were included. Recurrence occurred in 20 patients. Thirty‐four percent of the patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) had recurrence of NASH or CC compared with 13% of the patients without MS (p = 0.05). Recurrence also occurred in 32% of the patients with hypertension (HTN) vs. 12% in those without HTN (p = 0.05). Thirty‐seven percent of those on insulin had recurrence vs. 6% of those not on insulin (p = 0.05). Five‐yr survival probability for patients with MS, HTN, and insulin use was 52%, 61%, and 58%, respectively.ConclusionsHigher recurrence of NASH and CC was associated with presence of MS, HTN and insulin use. Recurrence should be further evaluated in larger studies, with special emphasis on management of MS and prevention strategies.
Toxicity of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma – comparison between two different induction regimens
Authors: Ram Ron , Magen‐Nativ Hila , Vidal Liat , Herscovici Corina , Peck Anat , Raanani Pia , Shpilberg Ofer , Yeshurun Moshe 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundInduction therapy in patients with multiple myeloma has evolved from chemotherapy‐based to novel agents–based regimens. We compared autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)‐associated toxicity in patients induced with VTD‐PACE (bortezomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone, cisplatinum, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide) to that of patients induced with novel agents–only therapy.MethodsWe reviewed medical charts of all patients with multiple myeloma who were given induction therapy and HCT.ResultsBetween the years 2007 and 2011, 38 patients received VTD‐PACE, and 31 patients received novel agents–only regimen. Mean time to neutrophil and platelets recovery was longer in patients given VTD‐PACE compared with those given novel agents–only regimen (7 vs. 6 d, p = 0.0002 and 11 vs. 10 d, p = 0.04, respectively). We observed higher rates of grade 2–4 mucositis and parenteral narcotic analgesia administration in the patients given VTD‐PACE (45% vs. 19%, p = 0.05 and 37% vs. 12%, p = 0.07, respectively). Progression free survival and overall survival were not statistically significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsA more intensive induction regimen was associated with slightly delayed counts recovery and a higher rate of mucositis during HCT compared with novel agents–only regimens. A longer follow‐up is needed to assess long‐term disease control of the two different regimens.
The role of Thymoglobulin induction in kidney transplantation: an update
Authors: Mourad Georges , Morelon Emmanuel , Noël Christian , Glotz Denis , Lebranchu Yvon 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe rabbit antithymocyte globulin Thymoglobulin first became available over 25 yr ago and is the most widely used lymphocyte‐depleting preparation in solid organ transplantation. Thymoglobulin targets a wide range of T‐cell surface antigens as well as natural killer‐cell antigens, B‐cell antigens, plasma cell antigens, adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors, resulting in profound, long‐lasting T‐cell depletion. Randomized studies have established the anti‐rejection efficacy of Thymoglobulin in kidney transplantation. Experimental and clinical data suggest that Thymoglobulin administration may ameliorate ischemia reperfusion injury, thus reducing the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF). Studies have demonstrated the benefit of using Thymoglobulin to facilitate immunosuppression minimization, both for corticosteroid and calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal or avoidance, with potential improvement in cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The optimal cumulative dose for Thymoglobulin induction is 6–7.5 mg/kg, with vigilant short‐ and long‐term monitoring of hematological status. Induction with Thymoglobulin is now indicated in immunologically high‐risk patients, in those at increased risk of DGF and to maintain efficacy in low‐risk transplant recipients receiving steroid or CNI minimization or avoidance regimens. We suggest that in future trials Thymoglobulin be tested with costimulation signal blockers and other immunosuppressants with the objective of establishing operational tolerance.
Low‐dose fluconazole prophylaxis in kidney transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus
Authors: Sikora Magdalena B. , Truax Crystal , Lee Sabrina , Kenyon Nicole , Smith Lonnie , Corbett Jacke , Shihab Fuad S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe use of prophylactic antifungal therapy is suggested after kidney transplantation. However, efficacy of low‐dose (50 mg) oral fluconazole and its effect on tacrolimus trough levels in patients maintained on tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid, with or without corticosteroids, is unknown.MethodsA retrospective analysis to evaluate efficacy was performed in 305 kidney transplant recipients. An additional analysis to evaluate the fluconazole–tacrolimus drug interaction was performed in 103 patients. Complete tacrolimus area under the curve measurements were also performed in seven patients to further evaluate this drug interaction.ResultsThe incidence of fungal infections was very low (0.6%, n = 2). The average tacrolimus trough level at the time of discontinuation and one wk after stopping fluconazole was unchanged (11.69 ± 3.18 and 11.15 ± 3.69 ng/mL, p = 0.145, n = 103). Tacrolimus trough levels on and off of fluconazole in a subgroup of patients continued on corticosteroids, was not significantly different (p = 0.952) but was significantly lower after fluconazole discontinuation if corticosteroids were withdrawn (p = 0.037). However, data from complete tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in the corticosteroid withdrawal group demonstrated no clinically significant differences.ConclusionLow‐dose, once daily oral fluconazole is effective antifungal prophylaxis after kidney transplantation without significant effects on tacrolimus trough levels or overall exposure.
Prognostic role of pre‐transplantation serum C‐reactive protein levels in patients with acute leukemia undergoing myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Akı Şahika Zeynep , Suyanı Elif , Bildacı Yelda , Çakar Merih Kızıl , Baysal Nuran Ahu , Sucak Gülsan Türköz 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify indicators of outcome prior to transplantation in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Clinical data of 106 patients with acute leukemia were retrospectively analyzed. We examined the role of pre‐conditioning serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin levels, HCT‐CI and European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) scores on transplant toxicities, transplant‐related mortality (TRM), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). High pre‐conditioning serum CRP levels showed a positive correlation with higher EBMT scores (p < 0.001), HCT‐CI (p = 0.004), and ferritin levels (p < 0.001). In univariate Cox regression analysis, serum CRP ≥10 mg/L, serum ferritin ≥1500 ng/mL, and HCT‐CI ≥3 had a significant adverse effect on OS. Serum CRP ≥10 mg/L and HCT‐CI ≥3 predicted increased risk of TRM in univariate analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that HCT‐CI score ≥3 independently predicted increased risk of TRM and CRP ≥10 mg/L predicted increased risk of disease progression. Although CRP lost its significance on TRM in multivariate analysis, as an inexpensive and readily available serum biomarker of inflammation, the prognostic role of pre‐transplant CRP levels should be analyzed in selected diseases and increased number of patient groups.
Biodiversity and land‐use change: understanding the complex responses of an endemic‐rich bird assemblage
Authors: de Lima Ricardo Faustino , Dallimer Martin , Atkinson Philip W. , Barlow Jos 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimAnthropogenic land‐use change is a major driver of the current extinction crisis, but the processes through which it acts on biodiversity are complex and still poorly understood. Here, we use several biodiversity metrics to make a comprehensive assessment of the response of an endemic‐rich bird assemblage to land‐use change.LocationSão Tomé Island (São Tomé and Príncipe, Africa).MethodsWe sampled bird assemblages in 220 point counts, stratified across three regions and four land‐use types. Species richness was examined using accumulation curves and generalized linear mixed‐effect models. Compositional and structural changes were analysed with ordination techniques. We used correlations and model selection to identify species traits and environmental variables associated with such changes.ResultsAt the point level, there was a slight decrease of species richness in more intensive land uses. However, higher dissimilarities within these land uses led them to have higher overall species richness. Endemics dominated forest environments and, although most preferred less‐disturbed land uses, many persisted across all land uses. Non‐endemics were virtually absent from forests, but became very abundant in the more intensive land uses. Canopy cover was the best predictor of the shift between endemic and non‐endemic species, and allowed identifying regional differences in the local responses of bird assemblages to land‐use change.Main conclusionsTo better understand biodiversity, it is crucial to use several metrics simultaneously. In São Tomé, simply using species richness, the single most used biodiversity metric, could have been misleading as it concealed major shifts in the bird assemblage structure towards an endemism impoverished avifauna. Despite scarce data on land‐use cover, we demonstrate how landscape context can be vital to understand biodiversity patterns and that highly forested surroundings might overestimate the strict value of more intensive land uses. Our results raise concerns about the long‐term persistence of endemic species restricted to islands where forested land uses are being lost.
Searching for sustainability: are assessments of wildlife harvests behind the times?
Authors: Weinbaum Karen Z. , Brashares Justin S. , Golden Christopher D. , Getz Wayne M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe unsustainable harvest of wildlife is a major threat to global biodiversity and to the millions of people who depend on wildlife for food and income. Past research has called attention to the fact that commonly used methods to evaluate the sustainability of wildlife hunting perform poorly, yet these methods remain in popular use today. Here, we conduct a systematic review of empirical sustainability assessments to quantify the use of sustainability indicators in the scientific literature and highlight associations between analytical methods and their outcomes. We find that indicator type, continent of study, species body mass, taxonomic group and socio‐economic status of study site are important predictors of the probability of reported sustainability. The most common measures of sustainability include population growth models, the Robinson & Redford (1991) model and population trends through time. Indicators relying on population‐specific biological data are most often used in North America and Europe, while cruder estimates are more often used in Africa, Latin America and Oceania. Our results highlight both the uncertainty and lack of uniformity in sustainability science. Given our urgent need to conserve both wildlife and the food security of rural peoples around the world, improvements in sustainability indicators are of utmost importance.
Extending the concept of keystone species to communities and ecosystems
Authors: Mouquet Nicolas , Gravel Dominique , Massol François , Calcagno Vincent 
Published: October 2012

AbstractKeystone species are defined as having disproportionate importance in their community. This concept has proved useful and is now often used in conservation ecology. Here, we introduce the concept of keystone communities (and ecosystems) within metacommunities (and metaecosystems). We define keystone and burden communities as communities with impacts disproportionately large (positive or negative respectively) relative to their weight in the metacommunity. We show how a simple metric, based on the effects of single‐community removals, can characterise communities along a ‘keystoneness’ axis. We illustrate the usefulness of this approach with examples from two different theoretical models. We further distinguish environmental heterogeneity from species trait heterogeneity as determinants of keystoneness. We suggest that the concept of keystone communities/ecosystems will be highly beneficial, not only as a fundamental step towards understanding species interactions in a spatial context, but also as a tool for the management of disturbed landscapes.
Poised to prosper? A cross‐system comparison of climate change effects on native and non‐native species performance
Authors: Sorte Cascade J. B. , Ibáñez Ines , Blumenthal Dana M. , Molinari Nicole A. , Miller Luke P. , Grosholz Edwin D. , Diez Jeffrey M. , D'Antonio Carla M. , Olden Julian D. , Jones Sierra J. , Dukes Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractClimate change and biological invasions are primary threats to global biodiversity that may interact in the future. To date, the hypothesis that climate change will favour non‐native species has been examined exclusively through local comparisons of single or few species. Here, we take a meta‐analytical approach to broadly evaluate whether non‐native species are poised to respond more positively than native species to future climatic conditions. We compiled a database of studies in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems that reported performance measures of non‐native (157 species) and co‐occurring native species (204 species) under different temperature, CO2 and precipitation conditions. Our analyses revealed that in terrestrial (primarily plant) systems, native and non‐native species responded similarly to environmental changes. By contrast, in aquatic (primarily animal) systems, increases in temperature and CO2 largely inhibited native species. There was a general trend towards stronger responses among non‐native species, including enhanced positive responses to more favourable conditions and stronger negative responses to less favourable conditions. As climate change proceeds, aquatic systems may be particularly vulnerable to invasion. Across systems, there could be a higher risk of invasion at sites becoming more climatically hospitable, whereas sites shifting towards harsher conditions may become more resistant to invasions.
Surgical lesions of the small colon and post operative survival in aUKhospital population
Authors: de Bont M. P. , Proudman C. J. , Archer D. C. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryReasons for performing studyThere is limited information about risk factors and survival associated with disorders of the small colon requiring surgical management.Objectives1) To document the types of surgical lesion in horses where pathology of the small (descending) colon was the primary cause of abdominal pain, 2) to describe the short‐ and long‐term survival of these cases and identify factors associated with survival and 3) to identify preoperative variables associated with localisation of a lesion to the small colon.MethodsClinical data and long‐term follow‐up were obtained for horses that underwent exploratory laparotomy over a 10‐year period. Descriptive data were generated for short‐ and long‐term survival and survival analysis performed to identify factors associated with reduced survival. Univariable and multivariable relationships were explored using aCox proportional hazards model. Preoperative factors associated with increased likelihood of a small colon lesion were explored, using controls randomly selected from horses undergoing exploratory laparotomy for treatment of colic unrelated to the small colon.ResultsThe study population included 84 horses. Of horses with small colon lesions recovered from anaesthesia, the percentage that survived until discharge, one year and 2 years following surgery, was 91.0, 81.0 and 73.5%, respectively. Median survival time for horses in which a resection had been performed was 1029 vs. 3072 days in the nonresection group. Small colon cases were more likely to have shown a longer duration of colic signs prior to admission (P<0.001) and to develop post operative diarrhoea (P= 0.001) when compared with surgical controls.ConclusionsLesions of the small colon carry a good prognosis for survival following surgery. Resection and anastomosis was the only factor associated with reduced long‐term survival.Potential relevanceThis study provides information about lesion types and post operative survival that may be used to assist informed decision‐making when managing these cases.