bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic rhinosinusitis assessment using the Adelaide Disease Severity Score
Authors: Naidoo Y , Tan N , Singhal D , Wormald P J 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAim:This study aimed to validate the use of the Adelaide Disease Severity Score for the assessment of chronic rhinosinusitis.Study design:A prospective cohort study supplying level 2b evidence.Methods:Forty-eight patients, scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery for failed management of chronic rhinosinusitis, completed the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 and the Adelaide Disease Severity Score tool (the latter assessing symptoms (i.e. nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea, post-nasal drip, headache or facial pain, and olfaction) and quality of life). Lund–Mackay computed tomography scores and Lund–Kennedy endoscopic scores were also recorded. The Adelaide Disease Severity Score results were then compared with those of the other three tools to assess correlation.Results:Mean scores (95 per cent confidence intervals) were 22.31 (21.47–24.15) for the Adelaide Disease Severity Score and 30.6 (27.15–34.05) for the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22; there was a statistically significant correlation (Spearman coefficient = 0.45; p = 0.0015). A statistically significant correlation was also noted with the Lund–Mackay score (p = 0.04) and with the Lund–Kennedy score (p = 0.03).Conclusion:The Adelaide Disease Severity Score is a simple, valid tool for clinical assessment of chronic rhinosinusitis, which correlates well with the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22, Lund–Mackay and Lund–Kennedy tools.
Multiscale structures in a two-temperature relativistic electron-positron-ion plasma
Authors: IQBAL M. , SHUKLA P. K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA relativistically hot electron, positron and ion (e–p–i) plasma relaxes to a triple curl Beltrami (TCB) field. The TCB field being the superposition of three Beltrami fields is characterized by three scale parameters and hence there exist multiscale structures in the system. It is shown that temperatures of the plasma constituents strongly affect the scale parameters. Generally, the scale parameters associated with the TCB field may be a combination of real and complex roots. The numerical results show that for given Beltrami parameters, an increase in the thermal energy of plasma particles could transform the real eigenvalues to complex ones. It is also observed that one component is more strongly affected relative to other components on increasing temperatures of plasma species. Two different vortices become the same at higher thermal energies. This suggests that it is possible to create high β (kinetic to magnetic pressure ratio) and fully diamagnetic plasma configurations. The study has a potential relevance to space, astrophysics and laboratory plasmas.
Bodywork in dementia care: recognising the commonalities of selfhood to facilitate respectful care in institutional settings
Authors: KELLY FIONA 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper draws on two data sources (Kelly's ethnographic study and a British Broadcasting Corporation television programme) to explore the practice of bodywork in the care of frail people with dementia in institutional settings. It explores the complexity of engaging in bodywork, particularly work that is distasteful to the care-worker, and shows how non-recognition of the selfhood of the person with dementia can result in practices that are demeaning and potentially abusive to those in receipt of such work. In contrast to a person-centred approach that urges practitioners to acknowledge people with dementia as unique individuals, with unique needs, wishes, abilities and desires, this paper argues for the use of Sabat's Selfs 1–3 construct to look for commonalities of selfhood, enabling care workers to recognise aspects of themselves in their patients as they carry out care, thereby facilitating care that empathically respects their patients' dignity and potential for vulnerability. Thus, it aims to advance theory and improve practice by arguing for the necessity of putting selfhood at the forefront of bodywork in order to facilitate respectful care that dignifies rather than objectifies the person.
Parameterization of clear sky effective emissivity under surface-based temperature inversion at Dome C and South Pole, Antarctica
Authors: Busetto Maurizio , Lanconelli Christian , Mazzola Mauro , Lupi Angelo , Petkov Boyan , Vitale Vito , Tomasi Claudio , Grigioni Paolo , Pellegrini Andrea 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFor most parts of the year the Antarctic Plateau has a surface temperature inversion with strength c. 20 K. Under such conditions the warmer air at the top of the inversion layer contributes more to the clear sky atmospheric longwave radiation at surface level than does the colder air near the ground. Hence, it is more appropriate to relate longwave irradiance (LWI) to the top of the inversion layer temperature (Tm) than to the ground level temperature (Tg). Analysis of radio soundings carried out at Dome C and South Pole during 2006–08 shows that the temperature at 400 m above the surface (T400) is a good proxy for Tm and is linearly related to Tg with correlation coefficients greater than 0.8. During summer, radiosonde measurements show almost isothermal conditions, hence T400 still remains a good proxy for the lower troposphere maximum temperature. A methodology is presented to parameterize the clear sky effective emissivity in terms of the troposphere maximum temperature, using ground temperature measurements. The predicted LWI values for both sites are comparable with those obtained using radiative transfer models, while for Dome C the bias of 0.8 W m-2 and the root mean square (RMS) of 6.2 W m-2 are lower than those calculated with previously published parametric equations.
Equity in mental health
Authors: Mangalore Roshni , Knapp Martin 
Published: April 2013

SummaryAim– The aim of this paper is to discuss the study of equity in mental health contexts.Methods– We review major principles and theories of distributive justice, covering various disciplines such as ethics, philosophy, economics, medicine and sociology. Recent literature on empirical analysis of inequalities in the mental health field is also reviewed.Results– The review of literature reveals a general lack of debate on equity principles in relation to mental health. Robust empirical evidence on inequalities in the field is also scarce.Conclusions– There is need for better exposition of the relevance of different equity principles for mental health policy and practice. There is also a need for developing standardised methods for the empirical analysis of equity, to examine the distribution of psychiatric morbidity and use of services by income, socioeconomic group, ethnicity, gender and place of residence, and, of course, to examine how equity can be promoted.Declaration of Interest: This work was funded by the Department of Health programme grant to the PSSRU.
Cognitive Change in Newly-Diagnosed Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A 5-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Broeders Mark , Velseboer Daan C. , de Bie Rob , Speelman Johannes D. , Muslimovic Dino , Post Bart , de Haan Rob , Schmand Ben 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCognitive change is frequently observed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the exact profile and extent of cognitive impairments remain unclear due to the clinical heterogeneity of PD and methodological issues in many previous studies. In this study, we aimed to examine the severity, frequency, and profile of cognitive changes in newly diagnosed PD patients over 5 years. At baseline and after 3 and 5 years, a hospital-based sample of PD patients (n = 59) and healthy controls (n = 40) were given neuropsychological tests covering six cognitive domains. Patients showed greater decline over time than healthy controls on all cognitive domains, except for attention. The profile of decline showed that psychomotor speed and memory were most affected. At the individual level 53% of the patients showed more cognitive decline than controls. Age at onset and memory impairment at baseline predicted cognitive decline. Cognitive functions in PD patients show greater decline in most domains than in healthy elderly over the course of 5 years. Due to selection bias as a result of attrition, the actual degree of decline may be greater than reported here. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–14)
The roles of civil society in the development of standards around new weapons and other technologies of warfare
Authors: Rappert Brian , Moyes Richard , Crowe Anna , Nash Thomas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article considers the role of civil society in the development of new standards around weapons. The broad but informal roles that civil society has undertaken are contrasted with the relatively narrow review mechanisms adopted by states in fulfilment of their legal obligations. Such review mechanisms are also considered in the context of wider thinking about processes by which society considers new technologies that may be adopted into the public sphere. The article concludes that formalized review mechanisms, such as those undertaken in terms of Article 36 of Additional Protocol I (1977) of the Geneva Conventions of 1949, should be a focus of civil society attention in their own right as part of efforts to strengthen standard-setting in relation to emerging military technologies.
Resolvent at low energy III: The spectral measure
Authors: Guillarmou Colin , Hassell Andrew , Sikora Adam 
Published: April 2013

Let

M
∘

M^\circ

be a complete noncompact manifold and

g
g

an asymptotically conic Riemaniann metric on

M
∘

M^\circ

, in the sense that

M
∘

M^\circ

compactifies to a manifold with boundary

M
M

in such a way that

g
g

becomes a scattering metric on

M
M

. Let

Δ
\Delta

be the positive Laplacian associated to

g
g

, and

P
=
Δ
+
V

P = \Delta + V

, where

V
V

is a potential function obeying certain conditions. We analyze the asymptotics of the spectral measure

d
E
(
λ
)
=
(
λ

/

π
i
)

(

R
(
λ
+
i
0
)
−
R
(
λ
−
i
0
)

)

dE(\lambda ) = (\lambda /\pi i) \big ( R(\lambda +i0) - R(\lambda - i0) \big )

of

P
+

1

/

2

P_+^{1/2}

, where

R
(
λ
)
=
(
P
−

λ
2

)

−
1

R(\lambda ) = (P - \lambda ^2)^{-1}

, as

λ
→
0

\lambda \to 0

, in a manner similar to that done by the second author and Vasy (2001) and by the first two authors (2008, 2009). The main result is that the spectral measure has a simple, ‘conormal-Legendrian’ singularity structure on a space which was introduced in the 2008 work of the first two authors and is obtained from

M
2

×
[
0
,

λ
0

)

M^2 \times [0, \lambda _0)

by blowing up a certain number of boundary faces. We use this to deduce results about the asymptotics of the wave solution operators

cos
⁡
(
t

P
+

)

\cos (t \sqrt {P_+})

and

sin
⁡
(
t

P
+

)

/

P
+

\sin (t \sqrt {P_+})/\sqrt {P_+}

, and the Schrödinger propagator

e

i
t

P
+

e^{itP_+}

, as

t
→
∞

t \to \infty

. In particular, we prove the analogue of Price’s law for odd-dimensional asymptotically conic manifolds.

In future articles, this result on the spectral measure will be used to (i) prove restriction and spectral multiplier estimates on asymptotically conic manifolds, and (ii) prove long-time dispersion and Strichartz estimates for solutions of the Schrödinger equation on

M
M

, provided

M
M

is nontrapping.
Quantifying the effect of habitat availability on species distributions
Authors: Aarts Geert , Fieberg John , Brasseur Sophie , Matthiopoulos Jason 
Published: April 2013

Summary

If animals moved randomly in space, the use of different habitats would be proportional to their availability. Hence, deviations from proportionality between use and availability are considered the tell‐tale sign of preference. This principle forms the basis for most habitat selection and species distribution models fitted to use‐availability or count data (e.g. MaxEnt and Resource Selection Functions).
Yet, once an essential habitat type is sufficiently abundant to meet an individual's needs, increased availability of this habitat type may lead to a decrease in the use/availability ratio. Accordingly, habitat selection functions may estimate negative coefficients when habitats are superabundant, incorrectly suggesting an apparent avoidance. Furthermore, not accounting for the effects of availability on habitat use may lead to poor predictions, particularly when applied to habitats that differ considerably from those for which data have been collected.
Using simulations, we show that habitat use varies non‐linearly with habitat availability, even when individuals follow simple movement rules to acquire food and avoid risk. The results show that the impact of availability strongly depends on the type of habitat (e.g. whether it is essential or substitutable) and how it interacts with the distribution and availability of other habitats.
We demonstrate the utility of a variety of existing and new methods that enable the influence of habitat availability to be explicitly estimated. Models that allow for non‐linear effects (using b‐spline smoothers) and interactions between environmental covariates defining habitats and measures of their availability were best able to capture simulated patterns of habitat use across a range of environments.
An appealing aspect of some of the methods we discuss is that the relative influence of availability is not defined a priori, but directly estimated by the model. This feature is likely to improve model prediction, hint at the mechanism of habitat selection, and may signpost habitats that are critical for the organism's fitness.
Initiating decision‐making in neurology consultations: ‘recommending’ versus ‘option‐listing’ and the implications for medical authority
Authors: Toerien Merran , Shaw Rebecca , Reuber Markus 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article compares two practices for initiating treatment decision‐making, evident in audio‐recorded consultations between a neurologist and 13 patients in two hospital clinics in the UK. We call these ‘recommending’ and ‘option‐listing’. The former entails making a proposal to do something; the latter entails the construction of a list of options. Using conversation analysis (CA), we illustrate each, showing that the distinction between these two practices matters to participants. Our analysis centres on two distinctions between the practices: epistemic differences and differences in the slots each creates for the patient’s response. Considering the implications of our findings for understanding medical authority, we argue that option‐listing – relative to recommending – is a practice whereby clinicians work to relinquish a little of their authority. This article contributes, then, to a growing body of CA work that offers a more nuanced, tempered account of medical authority than is typically portrayed in the sociological literature. We argue that future CA studies should map out the range of ways – in addition to recommending – in which treatment decision‐making is initiated by clinicians. This will allow for further evidence‐based contributions to debates on the related concepts of patient participation, choice, shared decision‐making and medical authority.
Biographical value: towards a conceptualisation of the commodification of illness narratives in contemporary healthcare
Authors: Mazanderani Fadhila , Locock Louise , Powell John 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIllness narratives play a central role in social studies of health and illness, serving as both a key theoretical focus and a popular research method. Despite this, relatively little work has gone into conceptualising how and why illness narratives – be they in books, websites, television or other media – are commodified in contemporary healthcare and its social environment; namely, how distinctive forms of value are generated in the production, circulation, use and exchange of illness narratives. In this article we propose the notion of biographical value as a first step towards conceptualising the values attributed to illness narratives in this context. Based on a secondary analysis of 37 interviews with people affected by 15 different health conditions in the UK (all of whom have shared their illness experiences across various media) and drawing on understandings of value in research on the bioeconomy and the concept of biovalue in particular, we sketch out how epistemic, ethical and economic forms of value converge and co‐constitute each other in the notion of biographical value and in broader economies of illness experiences.
The family meal panacea: exploring how different aspects of family meal occurrence, meal habits and meal enjoyment relate to young children’s diets
Authors: Skafida Valeria 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe general consensus in the research to date is that family meals are linked to healthier eating habits in children, compared to not eating with the family. Yet, few studies explore what it is about commensality which leads to better food choices among children. Using a representative Scottish sample of five‐year‐old children, this research explores the extent to which family meal occurrence, meal patterns regarding where, when and with whom children eat and perceived meal enjoyment predict the quality of children’s diets after controlling for indicators of maternal capital that influence both meal rituals and taste preferences. Eating the same food as parents is the aspect of family meals most strongly linked to better diets in children, highlighting the detrimental effect in the rise of ‘children’s food’. Although theoretical and empirical work pointed to the important health advantage in children eating together with parents, the results suggested that eating together was a far less important aspect of family meals. In evaluating the importance of the family meal, this article redirects attention away from issues of form and function towards issues of food choice. Policy implications and the importance for public health to recognise the way eating habits are defined by and reproduce social and cultural capital are discussed.
High‐grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: can we be selective about who we treat?
Authors: Ratnavelu N , Patel A , Fisher AD , Galaal K , Cross P , Naik R 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the role of conservative management in high‐grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (HG VaIN).DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingNorthern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Gateshead, UK.PopulationA total of 100 women with histologically‐proven HG VaIN.MethodsReview of patient records from 1995 to 2011.Main outcome measuresRates of progression to cancer, treatment remission, and disease recurrence, particularly post‐treatment when vaginoscopy is normal but cytology is abnormal.ResultsOf 100 women referred, 69 underwent initial treatment of whom 47 (68%) went into remission: of these, seven developed a recurrence after a median follow‐up of 29 months (range 15–214 months). Of the 31 women managed conservatively with cytological and vaginoscopic surveillance, no cancers developed after a median follow‐up of 35 months (range 2–230 months). Rate of overall progression to cancer was 3% and all were detected among the initial treatment group after a median of 59 months (range 8–249 months). Post‐treatment, when normal vaginoscopy was accompanied by abnormal cytology, two categories existed. Of 24 cases with low‐grade cytological abnormality, recurrence of HG VaIN occurred in seven (29%) after a median follow‐up of 12 months (range 2–110 months). Of 19 cases with HG cytological abnormality, 15 (79%) developed recurrence at a median follow‐up of 7 months (range 2–21 months), giving a hazard ratio 5.6 (95% confidence interval 2.0–15.5, P = 0.001).ConclusionsIt is possible to select women with HG VaIN for conservative surveillance with excellent results. The majority of women undergoing initial treatment will enter remission. Post‐treatment, if cytological abnormality develops in the presence of normal vaginoscopy, the majority of women will develop histological HG VaIN recurrence.
Profiling the Ginsenosides of Three Ginseng Products by Lc‐Q‐Tof/Ms
Authors: Chu Chu , Xu Shaojing , Li Xingnuo , Yan Jizhong , Liu Li 
Published: April 2013

Abstract Ginseng is a well‐known herbal medicine that has been gaining increasingly popularity as a potential chemopreventive agent. In traditional Chinese medicine practice, white ginseng (WG), red ginseng (RG), and dali ginseng (DG) are 3 different ginseng‐processed products used for different purposes. Although the morphological appearance and some constituents contained in these ginseng products are similar, their pharmacological activities are significantly different due to the varied types and quantity of ginsenosides in each product. In the present study, a practical method based on rapid liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC‐Q‐TOF/MS) was developed to identify the chemical profiles of ginsenosides in these 3 ginseng products. The results demonstrated that a total of 55, 53, and 43 compounds were unambiguously assigned or tentatively identified in DG, WG, and RG samples, respectively. The featured compounds are mainly malonyl ginsenosides in WG, and decarboxyl products of mal‐ginsenosides and the dehydrated compounds from polar ginsenosides were characteristic in RG, while DG contain some characteristic components present both in WG and RG. We presume that heating processing is the major factor affecting the chemical profile of ginseng products. The difference of chemical information revealed by LC‐Q‐TOF/MS could be used to discriminate the WG, RG, and DG samples.
Disparities in initial presentation and treatment outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers in a public, private, and Veterans Administration hospital (在公立、私立以及退伍军人管理局医院中的糖尿病足溃疡的最初表现与治疗结果的差异)
Authors: Blumberg Sheila N. , Warren Stephen M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundDisparities in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) treatment outcomes are well described, although few studies identify risk factors contributing to disparate healing and amputation rates. In a unique academic center serving urban public, private, and veteran patients, we investigated amputation and healing rates and specific risk factors for disparate treatment outcomes.MethodsA retrospective chart review of diabetic patients with a new diagnosis of a foot ulcer at geographically adjacent, but independent public, private, and Veterans Administration (VA) hospitals was conducted. Healing and lower extremity amputation outcomes were assessed.ResultsAcross the three hospitals, 234 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients at the VA hospital were older (mean 72.5 years; P < 0.001) and had gangrenous ulcers (mean 14.1%; P < 0.001) compared with patients in the private and public hospitals. Public hospital patients were mostly Hispanic (mean 54%; P < 0.001) with a shorter duration of diabetes (mean 12.8 years; P = 0.02), but were more poorly controlled than VA and private hospital patients (P ≤ 0.001). Prior amputation (odds ratio [OR] 1.97; P = 0.016) and non‐Caucasian race (OR 2.42; P = 0.004) increased the risk of amputation on multivariate analysis. Osteomyelitis (P = 0.0371) and gangrene (P < 0.001) are independent risk factors for amputation. Across all three hospitals, 42.3% of patients were treated by amputation (6.8% private, 12% public and 23.5% VA; P < 0.001).ConclusionIn a single triumvirate health care system where the patient population is stratified primarily by insurance, VA patients have significantly higher amputation rates compared with patients at adjacent private and public hospitals. The VA patients are largely racial minorities with advanced DFU progression to gangrenous ulcers.