bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rhetoric of Maps: International Law as a Discursive Tool in Visual Arguments
Authors: Leuenberger Christine 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article was presented at the workshop on “Borders and Human Rights,” College of Law & Business, Ramat Gan, Israel.Notions of human rights as enshrined in international law have become the “idea of our time”; a “dominant moral narrative by which world politics” is organized; and a powerful “discourse of public persuasion.”Tony Evans, International Human Rights Law as Power/Knowledge, 27 (3) HUM. RTS. Q. 1046 (2005); Meg McLagan, Human Rights, Testimony, and Transnational Publicity, 2 (1) SCHOLAR & FEMINIST ONLINE 1 (2003), available at http://www.barnard.edu/ps/printmmc.htm; Wendy S. Hesford, Human Rights Rhetoric of Recognition, 41 (3) RHETORIC SOC. Q. 282 (2011). With the rise of human rights discourse, we need to ask, how do protagonists make human rights claims? What sort of resources, techniques, and strategies do they use in order to publicize information about human rights abuses and stipulations set out in international law? With the democratization of mapping practices, various individuals, organizations, and governments are increasingly using maps in order to put forth certain social and political claims. This article draws on the sociology of knowledge, science studies, critical cartography, cultural studies, and anthropological studies of law in order to analyze how various international, Palestinian, and Israeli organizations design maps of the West Bank Barrier in accord with assumptions embedded within international law as part of their political and new media activism. Qualitative sociological methods, such as in-depth interviewing, ethnography, and the collection of cartographic material pertaining to the West Bank Barrier, provide the empirical tools to do so. The maps examined here exemplify how universalistic notions of international law and human rights become a powerful rhetorical tool to make various and often incommensurable social and political claims across different maps. At the same time, international human rights law, rather than dictating local mapping practices, becomes inevitably “vernacularized” and combined with local understandings, cultural preferences, and political concerns.
New records of pigmentation disorders in molossid and phyllostomid (Chiroptera) bats from Peru
Authors: Tello Carlos , Streicker Daniel G. , Gomez Jorge , Velazco Paúl M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPigmentation disorders, either from the complete absence (albinism), partial (leucism), or excess (melanism) of melanin, are rare in vertebrates. Worldwide, only a few records of these disorders had been reported for bats. Thanks to recent fieldwork and examination of museum specimens of the collections of the AMNH and MUSM, we report five species with those conditions in Peru. In this study, we report the first cases of leucism in
Nanophotonics and supramolecular chemistry
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Komatsu Hirokazu , Hill Jonathan P. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSupramolecular chemistry has become a key area in emerging bottom-up nanoscience and nanotechnology. In particular, supramolecular systems that can produce a photonic output are increasingly important research targets and present various possibilities for practical applications. Accordingly, photonic properties of various supramolecular systems at the nanoscale are important in current nanotechnology. In this short review, nanophotonics in supramolecular chemistry will be briefly summarized by introducing recent examples of control of photonic responses of supramolecular systems. Topics are categorized according to the fundamental actions of their supramolecular systems: (i) self-assembly; (ii) recognition; (iii) manipulation.
Global Output Regulation for the Rotational Dynamics of a Rigid Body / Globale Ausgangsregelung für die Drehbewegung eines Starrkörpersystems
Authors: Schmidt Gerd Simon , Michalowsky Simon , Ebenbauer Christian , Allgöwer Frank 
Published: September 2013

Summary
This paper considers a class of nonlinear output regulation problems for the rotational rigid body equations. The equations of motion for the rigid body are written in the natural SO(3) representation. The presented design consists of an observer and a certainty equivalence implementation of an independently designed state feedback law. The proposed solution is global and achieves almost global convergence in the closed loop
Prostate volume and growth during testosterone replacement therapy is related to visceral obesity in Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Selice R , Caretta N , Di Mambro A , Torino M , Palego P , Ferlin A , Foresta C 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveKlinefelter syndrome (KS) is a chromosomal alteration characterized by increased risk of metabolic syndrome, mainly caused by visceral obesity. In the last years, obesity has been studied as a potential risk factor for prostate disease and recently a link has been demonstrated between visceral adiposity with prostate volume. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between obesity and prostate volume and growth during testosterone therapy in KS subjects.Design and methodsWe evaluated reproductive hormones, metabolic parameters, anthropometric measures, PSA, and prostate volume in 121 naïve non-mosaic KS patients and 60 age-matched healthy male controls. Fifty-six KS hypogonadic subjects were treated with testosterone-gel 2% and reevaluated after 18 months of treatment.ResultsProstate volume in KS was positively related to waist circumference (WC). The KS group with WC ≥94 cm had significantly higher prostate volume, BMI, insulin plasma levels, homeostasis model assessment index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycemia with respect to the KS group with WC <94 cm. After testosterone replacement therapy, only hypogonadic KS men with WC ≥94 cm had a statistically significant increase in prostate volume. Furthermore, in untreated KS subjects, prostate volume showed a statistically significant increase after 18 months of follow-up only in subjects with WC ≥94 cm.ConclusionsThis study showed that visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and lipid and glucose metabolism alterations are associated with prostate volume and growth during testosterone replacement therapy in KS, independently from androgen or estrogen levels. These latter findings might provide the basis for a better management and follow-up of KS subjects.
Molecular Insight into the Association Between Cartilage Regeneration and Ear Wound Healing in Genetic Mouse Models: Targeting New Genes in Regeneration
Authors: Rai Muhammad Farooq , Schmidt Eric J , McAlinden Audrey , Cheverud James M , Sandell Linda J 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTissue regeneration is a complex trait with few genetic models available. Mouse strains LG/J and MRL are exceptional healers. Using recombinant inbred strains from a large (LG/J, healer) and small (SM/J, nonhealer) intercross, we have previously shown a positive genetic correlation between ear wound healing, knee cartilage regeneration, and protection from osteoarthritis. We hypothesize that a common set of genes operates in tissue healing and articular cartilage regeneration. Taking advantage of archived histological sections from recombinant inbred strains, we analyzed expression of candidate genes through branched-chain DNA technology directly from tissue lysates. We determined broad-sense heritability of candidates, Pearson correlation of candidates with healing phenotypes, and Ward minimum variance cluster analysis for strains. A bioinformatic assessment of allelic polymorphisms within and near candidate genes was also performed. The expression of several candidates was significantly heritable among strains. Although several genes correlated with both ear wound healing and cartilage healing at a marginal level, the expression of four genes representing DNA repair (Xrcc2, Pcna) and Wnt signaling (Axin2, Wnt16) pathways was significantly positively correlated with both phenotypes. Cluster analysis accurately classified healers and nonhealers for seven out of eight strains based on gene expression. Specific sequence differences between LG/J and SM/J were identified as potential causal polymorphisms. Our study suggests a common genetic basis between tissue healing and osteoarthritis susceptibility. Mapping genetic variations causing differences in diverse healing responses in multiple tissues may reveal generic healing processes in pursuit of new therapeutic targets designed to induce or enhance regeneration and, potentially, protection from osteoarthritis.
Genetic Background and GxE Interactions Modulate the Penetrance of a Naturally Occurring Wing Mutation inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Lachance Joseph , Jung Lawrence , True John R 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMany genes involved in producing complex traits are incompletely penetrant. One such example is vesiculated, an X-linked gene in Drosophila melanogaster that results in wing defects. To examine the genetic architecture of a complex trait (wings containing vesicles), we placed a naturally occurring variant into multiple autosomal backgrounds and quantified penetrance and expressivity at a range of developmental temperatures. We found significant epistasis, genotype-by-environment interactions, and maternal effects. Sex and temperature effects were modulated by genetic background. The severity of wing phenotypes also varied across different genetic backgrounds, and expressivity was positively correlated with penetrance. We also found evidence of naturally segregating suppressors of vesiculated. These suppressors were present on both the second and third chromosomes, and complex interactions were observed. Taken together, these findings indicate that multiple genetic and environmental factors modulate the phenotypic effects of a naturally occurring vesiculated allele.
New Levels of Transcriptome Complexity at Upper Thermal Limits in WildDrosophilaRevealed by Exon Expression Analysis
Authors: Telonis-Scott Marina , van Heerwaarden Belinda , Johnson Travis K , Hoffmann Ary A , Sgrò Carla M 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWhile the cellular heat-shock response has been a paradigm for studying the impact of thermal stress on RNA metabolism and gene expression, the genome-wide response to thermal stress and its connection to physiological stress resistance remain largely unexplored. Here, we address this issue using an array-based exon expression analysis to interrogate the transcriptome in recently established Drosophila melanogaster stocks during severe thermal stress and recovery. We first demonstrated the efficacy of exon-level analyses to reveal a level of thermally induced transcriptome complexity extending well beyond gene-level analyses. Next, we showed that the upper range of both the cellular and physiological thermal stress response profoundly affected message expression and processing in D. melanogaster, limiting expression to a small subset of transcripts, many that share features of known rapidly responding stress genes. As predicted from cellular heat-shock research, constitutive splicing was blocked in a set of novel genes; we did not detect changes to alternative splicing during heat stress, but rather induction of intronless isoforms of known heat-responsive genes. We observed transcriptome plasticity in the form of differential isoform expression during recovery from heat shock, mediated by multiple mechanisms including alternative transcription and alternative splicing. This affected genes involved in DNA regulation, immune response, and thermotolerance. These patterns highlight the complex nature of innate transcriptome responses under stress and potential for adaptive shifts through plasticity and evolved genetic responses at different hierarchical levels.
The Dynamics of Genetic Draft in Rapidly Adapting Populations
Authors: Kosheleva Katya , Desai Michael M 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The accumulation of beneficial mutations on competing genetic backgrounds in rapidly adapting populations has a striking impact on evolutionary dynamics. This effect, known as clonal interference, causes erratic fluctuations in the frequencies of observed mutations, randomizes the fixation times of successful mutations, and leaves distinct signatures on patterns of genetic variation. Here, we show how this form of “genetic draft” affects the forward-time dynamics of site frequencies in rapidly adapting asexual populations. We calculate the probability that mutations at individual sites shift in frequency over a characteristic timescale, extending Gillespie’s original model of draft to the case where many strongly selected beneficial mutations segregate simultaneously. We then derive the sojourn time of mutant alleles, the expected fixation time of successful mutants, and the site frequency spectrum of beneficial and neutral mutations. Finally, we show how this form of draft affects inferences in the McDonald–Kreitman test and how it relates to recent observations that some aspects of genetic diversity are described by the Bolthausen–Sznitman coalescent in the limit of very rapid adaptation.
Social Interactions of School-Aged Children with CFA: Mothers' Perspectives and Advice
Authors: Klein Tovah P. , Pope Alice , Abbott Rebecca 
Published: September 2013

Objective To learn about (1) mothers' perspectives on their children's social experiences and (2) how mothers interpret social situations and provide guidance to their children in challenging situations. Design This was a qualitative study analyzing narratives. Mothers participated in a semistructured interview; mothers and their children participated in a social coaching task involving responses to hypothetical situations. Transcripts of audio recordings were used to create thematic coding categories, and transcripts were reviewed and coded. Setting Children were patients at a reconstructive plastic surgery center in an urban hospital and medical school; families were recruited from a regional support group associated with the hospital. Participants Mothers of nine children with congenital craniofacial anomalies, aged 9 to 14 years. Main Outcome Measures Thematic narrative coding categories, focusing on mothers' perspectives on children's actual social experiences (from the interview) and mothers' advice and interpretations regarding challenging hypothetical social tasks (from the coaching task). Results In the interviews, mothers reported positive and negative social experiences for their children. Multiple approaches were used by mothers to interpret social interactions experienced by children (interview) and hypothetical social situations (coaching task). These included consideration of situational factors, motivations of others, and factors within own child. Mothers' hypothetical advice was often prosocial, including concrete strategies to resolve conflict, to plan ways to avoid problems, to foster self-reliance, and to avoid hurtful situations. Conclusions Mothers showed active interest and concern in their children's peer relationships and were thoughtful in devising strategies to successfully manage potential social challenges.
Nonsynostotic Cranial Deformity: A Six-Month Matched-Pair Photogrammetric Comparison of Treated and Untreated Infants
Authors: Wilbrand J.F. , Hagemes F. , Wilbrand M. , Kühnemann J. , Dey F. , Streckbein P. , Howaldt H.P. 
Published: September 2013

Objective To photogrammetrically objectify changes in nonsynostotic craniofacial deformity in orthotically treated versus untreated infants. Design A statistical retrospective pairwise comparison of two respective three-dimensional (3D) photo scans of 80 children performed in a 6-month time lag. Patients Two comparable samples of children (40 treated, 40 untreated) with nonsynostotic cranial deformity. Interventions Respective 3D photo scans were matched using Cranioform Analytics 4.0 software. Main Outcome Measures Median change of 30° Cranial Vault Asymmetry Index (CVAI), modified CVAI (CVAImod), Cranial Index (CI), and posterior symmetry ratio (PSR). Results We found an improvement in Δ30° CVAI by 3.3% (treated) and by 1.31% (untreated), respectively. CVAImod improved by 3.46% in the treated group and by 1.55% in the untreated group. CI improved by 4.41% in the treated group and by 3.68% in the untreated group, and PSR improved by 0.71 in the treated group and 0.49 in the untreated group. Although improvement of cranial asymmetry was higher in those children treated with an individual molding orthosis, we could not document a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions Helmet therapy may be less appropriate for the correction of brachycephaly than for cranial asymmetry. Nonsynostotic cranial deformity shows some spontaneous correction. Photogrammetry presents an accurate method to objectify craniofacial changes in early infancy.
Effects of intravenous administration of polymyxin B in neonatal foals with experimental endotoxemia
Authors: Wong David M. , Sponseller Brett A. , Alcott Cody J. , Agbedanu Prince N. , Wang Chong , Hsu Walter H. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of IV administration of polymyxin B on clinical and serum biochemical variables in foals with experimental endotoxemia.
Design—Prospective experimental study.
Animals—14 healthy neonatal foals.
Procedures—Foals were randomly assigned to a treatment or control group and were administered a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (0.5 μg/kg [0.23 μg/lb]) IV over 30 minutes. The treatment group received polymyxin B (6,000 U/kg [2,727 U/lb], IV) immediately after completion of lipopolysaccharide infusion; the control group was administered an equal volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Subsequent doses of polymyxin B or saline solution were administered IV at 8 and 16 hours. Blood was collected at various time points, and outcome variables, including heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, attitude score, WBC count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, platelet count, Hct, blood lactate concentration, blood glucose concentration, serum tumor necrosis factor-α concentration, and plasma thromboxane B2 concentration, were measured. Urine was collected prior to and after experimentation to determine whether nephrotoxicosis was associated with treatment.
Results—The treatment group had significantly lower blood lactate concentration and serum tumor necrosis factor-α and plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations and had higher blood glucose concentrations and better attitude scores, compared with the control group, at various time points during the study. No other significant differences and no evidence of overt nephrotoxicosis were detected.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of polymyxin B IV in healthy neonatal foals challenged with lipopolysaccharide attenuated some clinical and serum biochemical derangements associated with endotoxemia.
Comparative analgesic efficacy of morphine sulfate and butorphanol tartrate in koi (Cyprinus carpio) undergoing unilateral gonadectomy
Authors: Baker Tracie R. , Baker Bridget B. , Johnson Stephen M. , Sladky Kurt K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Objective—To identify pain-related behaviors and assess the effects of butorphanol tartrate and morphine sulfate in koi (Cyprinus carpio) undergoing unilateral gonadectomy.
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—90 adult male and female koi.
Procedures—Each fish received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (which is physiologically compatible with fish) IM, butorphanol (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], IM), or morphine (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], IM) as an injection only (6 fish/treatment); an injection with anesthesia and surgery (12 fish/treatment); or an injection with anesthesia but without surgery (12 fish/treatment). Physiologic and behavioral data were recorded 12 hours before and at intervals after treatment.
Results—Compared with baseline values, the saline solution–surgery group had significantly decreased respiratory rates (at 12 to 24 hours), food consumption assessed as a percentage of floating pellets consumed (at 0 to 36 hours), and activity score (at 0 to 48 hours). Respiratory rate decreased in all butorphanol-treated fish; significant decreases were detected at fewer time points following morphine administration. In the butorphanol-surgery group, the value for food consumption initially decreased but returned to baseline values within 3 hours after treatment; food consumption did not change in the morphine-surgery group. Surgery resulted in decreased activity, regardless of treatment, with the most pronounced effect in the saline solution–surgery group. Changes in location in water column, interactive behavior, and hiding behavior were not significantly different among groups. Butorphanol and morphine administration was associated with temporary buoyancy problems and temporary bouts of excessive activity, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Butorphanol and morphine appeared to have an analgesic effect in koi, but morphine administration caused fewer deleterious adverse effects. Food consumption appeared to be a reliable indicator of pain in koi.
Przyczyny wyłączenia sportu paraolimpijskiego z polskiego środowiska sportowego w opinii paraolimpijczyków / Exclusion of Paralympic Sport from the Sporting Community in Poland and its Causes according to Paralympic Athletes
Authors: Sobiecka Joanna 
Published: September 2013

Streszczenie
Wstęp: Celem prac|y jest przedstawienie opinii uczestników igrzysk paraolimpijskich na te- mat istniejących przyczyn utrzymywania się od roku 1972 do 2006 zjawiska wyobcowania sportu paraolimpijskiego z polskiego środowiska sportowego.
Materiał i metody: W badaniach, w których posłużono się metodą sondażu diagnostycznego, wzięło udział 435 zawodników Letnich i Zimowych Igrzysk Paraolimpijskich z lat 1972- 2006. mających uszkodzenie narządu mchu lub wzroku, na stałe przebywających w Polsce. Wyszczególniono trzy grapy badanych: I - liczyła 135 osób (1972-1988), II - 94 (1992- 1998). III - 206 (2000-2006).
Wyniki: Analiza danych pozwoliła stwierdzić, iż głównych przyczyn wyizolowania sportu paraolimpijskiego ze środowiska sportowego zawodnicy upatrywali przede wszystkim w braku informacji i niepropagowaniu go w środkach masowego przekazu. Odczuwali także różnicę w: sposobie ich traktowania wT porównaniu do zawodników pełnosprawnych oraz brak akceptacji ze strony ludzi zdrowych, pracujących na rzecz sportu. W opinii badanych, w polskim sporcie uwidocznił się brak integracji samych sportowców' pełno- i niepełnosprawnych. co uniemożliwiało paraolimpijczykom wzięcie udziału wTe wspólnych treningach, zgrupowaniach oraz imprezach sportowych. Istniejąca w Polsce struktura organizacyjna pro- wadziła do izolacji sportu osób niepełnosprawnych, ponieważ obejmowała zamknięty krąg zawodników zrzeszonych wT klubach, w których trenowały tylko osoby niepełnosprawne. Należy nadmienić, iż powyższe przyczyny były generowane zarówno przez instytucje rządowe jak i pozarządowe, samo środowisko sportowe oraz postawy społeczne w:obec sportu niepełnosprawnych.
Wnioski: Pomimo dokonujących się w Polsce przemian społecznoekonomicznych. w: kolejnych latach igrzysk paraolimpijskich zawodnicy napotykali na powtarzające się problemy, które nie pozwoliły im odczuć korzystnych zmian zbliżających ich do sportowców pełno- sprawnych. Instytucje rządowe i pozarządowe podjęły istotne działania w kierunku likwidacji przyczyn wyłączenia sportu paraolimpijskiego ze środowiska sportowego - wskazanych przez badanych zawodników. Takich działań natomiast nie odnotowano wT odniesieniu do przyczyn tkwiących wT samym środowisku sportowym jak i postaw społecznych.