bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Estimation of Profitability of Investment Projects in The Oil and Gas Industry Using Real Options Theory / Ocena Opłacalności Projektów Inwestycyjnych W Przemyśle Naftowym Z Wykorzystaniem Teorii Opcji Realnych
Authors: Kosowski Piotr , Stopa Jerzy 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Paper discusses issues relating to the valuation of investment efficiency in the oil and gas industry using a real options theory. The example of investment pricing using real options was depicted and it was confronted with the analysis executed with the use of traditional methods.
Indicators commonly used to evaluate profitability of investment projects, based on a discounted cash flow method, have a few significant drawbacks, the most meaningful of which is staticity which means that any changes resulting from a decision process during the time of investment cannot be taken into consideration. In accordance with a methodology that is currently used, investment projects are analysed in a way that all the key decisions are made at the beginning and are irreversible. This approach assumes, that all the cash flows are specified and does not let the fact that during the time of investment there may appear new information, which could change its original form. What is also not analysed is the possibility of readjustment, due to staff managment’s decisions, to the current market conditions, by expanding, speeding up/slowing down, abandoning or changing an outline of the undertaking. In result, traditional methods of investment projects valuation may lead to taking wrong decisions, e.g. giving up an owned exploitation licence or untimely liquidation of boreholes, which seem to be unprofitable.
Due to all the above-mentioned there appears the necessity of finding some other methods which would let one make real and adequate estimations about investments in a petroleum industry especially when it comes to unconventional resources extraction. One of the methods which has been recently getting more and more approval in a world petroleum economics, is a real options pricing method. A real option is a right (but not an obligation) to make a decision connected with an investment in a specified time or time interval. According to the method a static model of pricing using DCF is no longer used; an investment project is divided into a series of steps and after each one there is a range of possible investment decisions, technical and organizational issues and all the others called ‘real options’. This lets one take many different varieties of modyfiying a strategy while pricing the project. This also makes it possible to react to the changing inner and outer situation and introducing new information while accomplishing the investment project. Owing to those, the decision process is a continuous operation, what is an actual vision of a real investment project management in the petroleum industry.
Comparative Analysis of Selected Models of Water Coning in Gas Reservoirs / Analiza Porównawcza Wybranych Modeli Powstawania Stożków Wodnych w Złożach Gazowych
Authors: Smulski Rafał 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Exploitation of natural gas fields with edge or underlying water is usually defined per analogy to the oil fields. The existing models do not correspond to reality as they do not describe relevant processes related with a turbulent gas flow near the well. The natural gas exploitation with productivity greater than critical may be advantageous in view of summaric depletion and rate of depletion. Article presents: the analysis of the selected critical rates models, determining the influence of specific parameters on the critical rate values, introducing new modified formula for critical rates, and comparative calculations for various configurations with the numerical model.
Stability analysis of a shallow depth metro tunnel: a numerical approach / Analiza stabilności płytkiego tunelu metra z wykorzystaniem metod numerycznych
Authors: Monjezi Masoud , Nafe Rahmani Babak , Rahman Torabi Seyed , Nath Singh Trilok 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this paper, an attempt has been made to use numerical modelling for simulating a long halt in construction process at a shallow depth metro tunnel and investigate the effects of soil nailing to increase the tunnel face strength. Finite difference software FLAC with high applicability in a continuum environment was adopted for this study. The tunnel is being excavated for Tehran metro project. Shield tunnelling with roadheader and back hoe cutting tools is applied in the excavation process. Mohr-Coulomb elasto-plastic constitutive law is considered to model the ground. After two months halting in excavation process, tunnel instability and ground subsidence were recorded in thirteen different monitoring points. Numerical simulation results showed a close approximation (11-16%) between measured and FLAC computed displacements of the tunnel crown in case of unsupported face, which is in close proximity and a proof indicates the reliability of simulation. Also, simulation results exhibit a significant reduction in the ground subsidence and tunnel instability in case of supported face by means of the soil nailing.
Advanced studies on coal injection into a cavitation cell for the purpose of comminution / Badania procesu wtłaczania węgla do komór kawitacyjnych w celu rozdrabniania
Authors: Galecki Greg , Akar Gul , Sen Sezai , Li Yaqing 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this study, the effect of coal comminution with waterjets enhanced by cavitation was investigated. The experiments were carried out using mono-size coal feeds in a batch closed circuit, in a specially designed cell to induce cavitation at 69 MPa inlet pressure and back pressures of zero and 0.345 MPa. Test results were evaluated on the product calculated surface area and the Rosin-Rammler parameters. The experiments showed that the maximum particle size reduction was achieved during the first run through the comminution circuit operated without back pressure. However, a decreasing tendency in comminution efficiency was noted with the number of runs through the system. The use of 0.345 MPa back pressure resulted in a wider size distribution of the product.
A method of pricing an asset lost in a mining catastrophe / Metoda wyceny środka trwałego utraconego w wyniku katastrofy górniczej
Authors: Turek Marian , Michalak Aneta 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The authors of the paper present a problem of pricing assets lost in result of mining catastrophes. In the subsequent steps of a pricing procedure the Authors suggest a methodology of an asset identification in relation to its technical, functional and environmental wear and particular methods of calculating its value. In the paper there were market, property and income method included, it especially concerned the technique of pair comparison, average price correction and statistical market analysis as well as the technique of replacement cost, reconstruction cost and investment method.
Fuzzy Model of Autogenous Suspension Coal Cleaning / Model Rozmyty Procesu Wzbogacania Węgla W Zawiesinie Autogenicznej
Authors: Benović Tomo , Miljanović Igor , Vujić Slobodan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The paper presents one of the possible approaches to fuzzy logic modeling of coal cleaning in autogenous suspension. In the scope of reviewing the problem in general, the process algorithm and the structural model of coal cleaning were set up. The paper deals with the flow of fuzzy logic model creation following the example of coal cleaning plant of the “Bogutovo selo” open pit mine of the Mine and Thermal Power Plant Ugljevik. The model is set up on the MATLAB software platform. Fuzzy model testing results, presented at the end of paper confirms applicability and reliability of the model. The discrepancies between the model and the real process parameters are within the limits of allowed industrial error.
Prediction of Performance of Diamond Wire Saw with Respect to Texture Characteristics of Rock / Prognozowanie Wydajności Pracy Strunowej Piły Diamentowej W Odniesieniu Do Charakterystyki Tekstury Skał
Authors: Ghaysari N. , Ataei M. , Sereshki F. , Mikaiel R. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this study, prediction of production rate in diamond wire saw has been investigated. Performance measurements of diamond wire saw carried out in 7 different quarries of carbonate rocks in Iran. For determination textural properties, rock samples were collected from these quarries. At first, a thin section was prepared for each rock and then 5 digital photographs were taken from each section. After this, all images were digitized using AutoCAD software. Then, area, perimeter, longest diameter and shortest diameter were assigned. According to these parameters, all of the other textural characteristics and texture coefficient were determined too. The correlation between sawing rate and textural characteristics were evaluated using multiple and simple regression analyses. Then developed model was validated by P-value test. It was concluded that area, perimeter, diameter equivalent and index of grain size homogeneity are very effective on production rate. Production rate using diamond wire saw can reliably be predicted using developed model.
Optimization of a Directional Borehole Trajectory as the Criterion of Minimum Cost of Performance / Optymalizacja Trajektorii Otworu Kierunkowego Dla Kryterium Minimalizacji Kosztu Jego Wykonania
Authors: Gonet Andrzej 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
New drilling technical and technological solutions enhance the development of directional drilling, enabling better control of direction of drilling and real-time 3D information about the position of the bit in the borehole rendered by the control and measurement apparatuses. The 2D and 3D method of designing the trajectory of a borehole axis has been modified in this paper. In both cases the minimum cost of drilling of a borehole in an interval from the beginning of its deflecting (KOP) up to the ultimate destination point was assumed to be the optimization criterion.
Another assumption says that the admissible dogleg will never be exceeded over the entire interval of the borehole axis.
Commonly more and more boreholes are performed from one place or one drilling platform. Such drilling is aimed at, e.g. developing unconventional deposits of natural gas or improving the depletion factor by injecting water or CO2. In such cases the boreholes are located densely, which may result in their colliding. Hence, attention was drawn to the fact that in such cases inaccuracies of apparatuses measuring the angle of deflection of the borehole, azimuth, length of the borehole and formation of error ellipsoids around a given point should be accounted for. The assumed method of positioning the borehole axis is also important. For a considerable length of the borehole axis the calculations are simple but time-consuming, therefore specialist computer programs are recommended. The trajectories of directional boreholes should be designed taking into account the position of the neighboring boreholes and inaccuracy of measuring equipment, as in this way the level of risk of potential collisions of boreholes axes can be determined.
Heat Power Determination of Dv-290 Refrigerator’s Evaporator on the Basis of Thermodynamic Parameters of Inlet Air / Określenie Mocy Cieplnej Parownika Chłodziarki Dv-290 Na Podstawie Parametrów Termodynamicznych Powietrza Wlotowego
Authors: Nowak Bernard , Kuczera Zbigniew 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The present paper introduces a method for calculating the thermal power of DV-290 mining air cooler’s evaporator. The power usually differs from the nominal power given by the manufacturer. The thermodynamic parameters of cooled air are not obtained as a result of in situ measurements, but in indirect manner that is by determining the evaporation and condensation’s pressure values of R407C refrigerant. The pressure dependencies formulated as a function of air enthalpy at the evaporator’s inlet were obtained using calculations of a computer program which solves the system of equations describing heat and mass transfer in the refrigerator’s compressor on the basis of previous measurements of air performed before and after its cooling. The obtained dependencies are demonstrated in a graphical (fig. 2 and fig. 3) and analytical (the regression equations (19) and (20)) manner, the values of correlation coefficients are also presented. For the known evaporation and condensation pressure values of the refrigerant, and thus for its basic physical parameters the complete thermal power of the evaporator was determined, that is its: air cooling overt power, dehumidification occult power, temperature, relative humidity and specific humidity of air after its cooling.
In addition, using the mentioned method, the capacity of DV-290 refrigerator’s evaporator is provided for the given thermodynamic parameters of air before cooling, along with air thermodynamic parameters after cooling.
Minimalizacja ryzyka wdrażania nowych technologii w przemyśle koksowniczym przez etapową realizację złożonego projektu badawczo-rozwojowego jako opcji rzeczowej
Authors: Żarczyński Piotr , Strugała Andrzej , Sobolewski Aleksander , Sikorski Czesław 
Published: February 2013

Streszczenie
Spowolnienie gospodarcze w Europie i świecie w szczególny sposób oddziałuje na tradycyjne branże przemysłu. Polskie koksownie od kilku lat systematycznie modernizowały swój potencjał produkcyjny i nadal prowadzą i planują działalność rozwojową. W obecnych warunkach strategia koksowni powinna być ukierunkowana z jednej strony na unikanie zbędnego ryzyka, a więc wdrażanie znanych technologii. Jednocześnie inwestycje w nowe i innowacyjne technologie jako niosące w sobie dużą zmienność powinny być postrzegane jako szansa. W warunkach znacznej niepewności niezbędna jest jednak zmiana podejścia do oceny przedsięwzięć inwestycyjnych. Tradycyjny rachunek dyskontowy ze względu na swój statyczny charakter - nie uwzględniający zmienności i opcji tkwiących w projektach oraz wielości momentów decyzyjnych - może okazać się już niewystarczający. Pomocnym narzędziem dla decydentów jest w takich warunkach rachunek opcji rzeczowych. W artykule przedstawiono dotychczasowe wyniki projektu badawczo-rozwojowego polegającego na wdrożeniu operacji podsuszania wsadu realizowanego przez Koksownię Zdzieszowice i ICHPW w Zabrzu. Omówiono uzyskane wyniki i związane z nimi ryzyka. Przedstawiono dalsze zamierzenia rozwoju tego projektu, zakładające budowę przemysłowej instalacji badawczej do badania wpływu podsuszania na proces koksowania. Scharakteryzowano przesłanki zastosowania rachunku opcji rzeczowych do oceny przedsięwzięć inwestycyjnych charakteryzujących się dużąniepewnościąrezultatów. Przedstawiono genezę i podział opcji rzeczowych oraz warunki ich stosowania w porównaniu do tradycyjnych dyskontowych metod oceny projektów. Omówiono genezę i parametry charakterystyczne opcji rzeczowych. W następnej części dokonano wyceny przedsięwzięcia badawczo-rozwojowego wdrożenia operacji podsuszania wsadu dla zespołu dwóch baterii koksowniczych metodą NPV oraz metodą opcji rzeczowych. Do oceny wartości opcji rzeczowej tego projektu, będącego klasyczną europejską opcją kupna, wykorzystano równanie Blacka-Scholesa. Dokonano porównania uzyskanych wyników i ustalono wartość elastyczności tkwiącą w analizowanym projekcie badawczo-rozwojowym.
Standardized Synoptic Cancer Pathology Reports — So What and Who Cares?: A Population-Based Satisfaction Survey of 970 Pathologists, Surgeons, and Oncologists
Authors: Lankshear Sara , Srigley John , McGowan Thomas , Yurcan Marta , Sawka Carol 
Published: February 2013

Context.—Cancer Care Ontario implemented synoptic pathology reporting across Ontario, impacting the practice of pathologists, surgeons, and medical and radiation oncologists. The benefits of standardized synoptic pathology reporting include enhanced completeness and improved consistency in comparison with narrative reports, with reported challenges including increased workload and report turnaround time.Objective.—To determine the impact of synoptic pathology reporting on physician satisfaction specific to practice and process.Design.—A descriptive, cross-sectional design was utilized involving 970 clinicians across 27 hospitals. An 11-item survey was developed to obtain information regarding timeliness, completeness, clarity, and usability. Open-ended questions were also employed to obtain qualitative comments.Results.—A 51% response rate was obtained, with descriptive statistics reporting that physicians perceive synoptic reports as significantly better than narrative reports. Correlation analysis revealed a moderately strong, positive relationship between respondents' perceptions of overall satisfaction with the level of information provided and perceptions of completeness for clinical decision making (r = 0.750, P &lt; .001) and ease of finding information for clinical decision making (r = 0.663, P &lt; .001). Dependent t tests showed a statistically significant difference in the satisfaction scores of pathologists and oncologists (t169 = 3.044, P = .003). Qualitative comments revealed technology-related issues as the most frequently cited factor impacting timeliness of report completion.Conclusion.—This study provides evidence of strong physician satisfaction with synoptic cancer pathology reporting as a clinical decision support tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer patients.
Meta-analysis of glue versus sutured mesh fixation for Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair
Authors: de Goede B , Klitsie P J , van Kempen B J H , Timmermans L , Jeekel J , Kazemier G , Lange J F 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Chronic pain remains a frequent complication after Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair. As a consequence, mesh fixation using glue instead of sutures has become popular. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify which fixation technique is to be preferred for elective Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair.

Methods
A meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Articles published between January 1990 and April 2012 were searched for in MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing glue and sutured mesh fixation in elective Lichtenstein repair for unilateral inguinal hernia were included. The quality of the RCTs and the potential risk of bias were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.

Results
Of 254 papers found in the initial search, a meta-analysis was conducted of seven RCTs comprising 1185 patients. With the use of glue mesh fixation, the duration of operation was shorter (mean difference −2·57 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) –4·88 to −0·26) min; P = 0·03), patients had lower visual analogue scores for postoperative pain (mean difference −0·75 (−1·18 to −0·33); P = 0·001), early chronic pain occurred less often (risk ratio 0·52, 95 per cent c.i. 0·31 to 0·87; P = 0·01), and time to return to daily activities was shorter (mean difference −1·17 (−2·30 to −0·03) days; P = 0·04). The hernia recurrence rate did not differ significantly.

Conclusion
Elective Lichtenstein repair for inguinal hernia using glue mesh fixation compared with sutures is faster and less painful, with comparable hernia recurrence rates.
SNOW-WEB: a new technology for Antarctic meteorological monitoring
Authors: Coggins J.H.J. , Mcdonald A.J. , Plank G. , Pannell M. , Jolly B. , Parsons S. , Delany T. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study describes SNOW-WEB, a distributed system of atmospheric sensors, which is cost-effective and can be efficiently deployed in Antarctica. The system supports traditional atmospheric sensors and has built-in redundancy as many units can be deployed in a relatively small area for a similar cost to one conventional weather station. Furthermore, each unit is equipped with wireless mesh-networking capabilities and so is able to share information with those units in its direct vicinity. This allows for the ferrying of collected information to a manned observation station and hence the ability to monitor data in real-time. GPS hardware installed on each unit also allows for high-resolution glacier or ice shelf tracking. As a testing study, eighteen such weather stations were deployed in the vicinity of Scott Base, Ross Island, Antarctica over the 2011/12 summer season. This paper reports on the successful development and deployment of the system, results from the testing period and challenges encountered during the experiment. Collected data is validated against automatic weather stations already operating in the region and an intercomparison is performed between SNOW-WEB data and forecast output from the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System. A high degree of agreement is found between data sources. We conclude that SNOW-WEB data is suitable for use in studies of mesoscale meteorology.
Does religiosity promote property rights and the rule of law?
Authors: BERGGREN NICLAS , BJØRNSKOV CHRISTIAN 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSocial and cultural determinants of economic institutions and outcomes have come to the forefront of economic research. We introduce religiosity, measured as the share for which religion is important in daily life, to explain institutional quality in the form of property rights and the rule of law. Previous studies have only measured the impact of membership shares of different religions, with mixed results. We find, in a cross-country regression analysis comprising up to 112 countries, that religiosity is negatively related to our institutional outcome variables. This only holds in democracies (not autocracies), which suggests that religiosity affects the way institutions work through the political process. Individual religions are not related to our measures of institutional quality.
On‐ and post‐treatment symptom relief by repeated instillations of heparin and alkalized lidocaine in interstitial cystitis
Authors: Nomiya Akira , Naruse Takashi , Niimi Aya , Nishimatsu Hiroaki , Kume Haruki , Igawa Yasuhiko , Homma Yukio 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesTo examine outcomes of intravesical instillations of heparin and alkalized lidocaine in patients with interstitial cystitis.MethodsPatients with interstitial cystitis refractory to conventional therapies were given a solution of 20 000 U heparin, 5 mL 4% lidocaine and 25 mL 7% sodium bicarbonate, intravesically, weekly for 12 weeks consecutively. The treatment was regarded as “effective”, when patients rated “slightly improved” or “better” on a seven‐graded scale of global response assessment. Other assessment measures included O'Leary and Sant's symptom index and problem index, visual analog scale for pain, and frequency volume chart variables.ResultsA total of 32 patients were enrolled in the study. The average age was 63.3 years. All participants had received hydrodistension 2.2 times on average, and fulfilled National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria. The therapy was effective in 60.0% of the patients at the fourth instillation, in 76.7% at the last instillation, and 90.0%, 46.7% and 16.7% at 1, 2 and 6 months after the last instillation, respectively. Most of other assessment measures improved significantly at the fourth instillation and further beyond until the end of therapy. On termination of therapy, the efficacy gradually diminished, yet mostly maintained statistical significance by 2 months post‐instillation. No severe adverse events occurred.ConclusionsA 12‐week course of weekly intravesical instillations of heparin combined with alkalized lidocaine is safe and effective in relieving symptoms in interstitial cystitis patients. The effect of the treatment is maintained for 6 months. Further studies are required to optimize the number of instillations and maintenance intervals in order to maximize the therapeutic potential of simple or combined instillations in the management of interstitial cystitis.