bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anchor versus parachute suturing technique in arteriovenous fistula creation for hemodialysis
Authors: Mabrouk Moustafa , atta Islam , Fouda Ahmed , Ismail Khalid , Ismail Taha , Gawish Rasha , Elkassaby Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 13% of the global population and requires renal replacement therapy due to ESRD. Hemodialysis (HD) is the most common dialysis modality for ESRD patients, but establishing vascular access is challenging due to high morbidity and mortality rates. Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the gold standard for vascular access, but many fail due to anastomotic hemodynamics, vein diameter, and anastomatic suture technique. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the impact of two continuous suturing techniques, the anchor technique and the parachute technique, on AVFs’ initial outcomes. Methods This randomized, controlled study involved adult patients who presented for AVF creation at our center. We divided the patients into two groups: anchors and parachutes. Four skilled vascular access surgeons performed the procedures. The primary goal was functional maturation of the AVF, defined as an AVF fistula ready to be cannulated with a cannulating vein length of at least 10 cm, a diameter of more than 6 mm, a depth of less than 6 mm, and a flow rate of 600 mL/min. Secondary goals included patency and complications such as bleeding, infection, steal syndrome, and aneurysmal dilatation at the anastomosis site. AVFs were evaluated immediately after surgery and during follow-up visits at the outpatient clinic. A duplex scan was performed to measure flow at various intervals. All patients provided appropriate written consent. Result The study involved 186 patients, with 86 excluded. 100 were randomized, with 5 cases losing follow-up and 3 deaths within 12 months. The follow-up continued until January 2024, with a mean of 8.6 months. The Parachute technique shows higher technical success ( p value = 0.046) and primary patency at 30 days ( p value = 0.014) compared to Anchor, but there is no statistical significance between both groups regarding functional maturation at 6 weeks ( p value = 0.352). The parachute technique has a higher hematoma rate than the anchor technique ( p value = 0.025), while other complications like intra-operative bleeding, postoperative bleeding, pseudoaneurysm formation, thrombosis, steal syndrome, and seroma formation show no significant differences. Nine patients, five of whom were diabetic and underwent conservative management, exhibited mild to moderate steal syndrome. This suggests an increased risk of steal syndrome among diabetic patients. Conclusion The parachute technique for AVF creation offers better technical success and short-term primary patency outcomes, while both parachute and anchor techniques are equally effective for long-term functional maturation and overall complication rates.
Hybrid aorto-iliac reconstruction for acute infrarenal aortic occlusion: A case report
Authors: Loh Sarah A , Aboian Edouard 
Published: August 2024

Objective Acute aortic occlusion (AAO), though rare, carries a high morbidity and mortality risk. Rapid recognition and revascularization are crucial for limb and life preservation. We present a case of a hybrid approach using open thrombectomy and endovascular arterial stent grafts in lieu of an open bypass for management of AAO. Methods This case describes a 77-year-old man who presented with new-onset lower extremity pain with associated sensory deficits and was found to have acute infrarenal aortic occlusion. Open femoral cutdown for open thrombectomy and distal embolic protection with endovascular balloon occlusion was combined with aortic and bilateral iliac artery stenting. Results The patient was discharged home on post-operative day 3 with resolution of his presenting symptoms and remains asymptomatic at 1-month follow-up. Conclusion This technique of aorto-iliac reconstruction using stent grafts has previously been described in the setting of chronic aorto-iliac occlusive disease; however, its use has not been previously documented in the setting of acute aortic occlusion. This case illustrates the safety and feasibility of a hybrid approach to AAO, particularly in patients who are physiologically unfit for open revascularization.
Challenges of perioperative pain control in opioid use disorder patients following intramedullary nail fixation
Authors: Curtis William , Kruger Eric , Fountain Damian , Chavez Tyler , Treme Gehron 
Published: August 2024

Background: Outcomes of patients with opioid use disorder undergoing elective procedures have been well studied, but research is lacking in the orthopaedic trauma population. Aim: The aim was to compare perioperative pain and morphine equivalents required by patients with versus without opioid use disorder following intramedullary nail fixation of femoral or tibial fractures. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with isolated femoral or tibial diaphyseal fractures treated with intramedullary nail fixation. Outcomes were compared between patients with diagnosed opioid use disorder and controls without, including daily morphine equivalents and patient-reported pain scores. Results: Patients with opioid use disorder (n = 42) required greater morphine equivalents and reported higher pain than controls (n = 42) at all time points but did not differ in change of morphine equivalents over the perioperative period. Conclusion: This highlights the challenge of perioperative pain control in this population and need for improved specific pain management protocols.
Enhancing concrete’s ballistic impact resistance using Alfa fiber
Authors: Tahenti Baya , Trabelsi Abderraouf , Kammoun Zied 
Published: August 2024

Natural fibers are gaining interest in recent years due to the increasing calls for eco-friendly materials production. Concrete reinforcement with Alfa fiber is attracting attention to take benefit of natural fiber advantages in the construction sector. The mechanical and physical characteristics of concrete reinforced with Alfa fibers have been primarily investigated. The current study seeks to analyse the ballistic protection performance of Alfa-reinforced concrete in response to the emerging need to withstand bullet impacts and protect occupants in light of the increasing armed hostilities. Eight formulations were selected for the concrete preparation by varying the Alfa fiber content from 0 to 100 kg/m³. After determining the mechanical characteristics of the concrete such as compressive, flexural and tensile strength, ballistic resistance to bullet impacts is determined by measuring the penetration depth, the crater area and the lost mass after impact in concrete slab 10 and 15 cm thick. The formulations of Alfa-reinforced concrete exhibited lower penetration depth, crater area, and lost mass compared to the reference concrete. Optimal values were achieved with 15 kg/m³ of fibers. A dependency between the ballistic response on the fibrous concrete and flexural strength of concrete is also remarked. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that incorporating Alfa fibers into concrete significantly enhances its ballistic resistance, with optimum performance observed at 15 kg/m³ of fiber inclusion. These findings underscore the potential of Alfa-reinforced concrete for use in military constructions and structures vulnerable to impact risks, paving the way for further research and practical applications in enhancing structural and occupant safety.
Serial Assessment of Factors Associated With Patient-Reported Outcomes up to 2 Years After ACL Reconstruction Using Autologous Hamstring Tendon: Results From the TMDU MAKS Study
Authors: Katagiri Hiroki , Nakagawa Yusuke , Ohara Toshiyuki , Nakamura Tomomasa , Yoshihara Aritoshi , Hayashi Masaya , Yoshimura Hideya , Nagase Tsuyoshi , Sekiya Ichiro , Koga Hideyuki 
Published: August 2024

Background: Understanding the factors related to patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) can lead to more effective interventions. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with PRO scores after ACLR. It was hypothesized that concomitant meniscal treatment and postoperative range of motion (ROM) would be associated with early postoperative PRO scores and that postoperative physical findings would be associated with 2-year postoperative PRO scores. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: We examined the data from the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Multicenter Arthroscopic Knee Surgery (TMDU MAKS) Study for patients who underwent primary ACLR with autologous hamstring tendon grafts; 1252 patients in the TMDU MAKS Study were eligible for inclusion. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Lysholm score of the patients at 3 months (n = 675), 1 year (n = 660), and 2 years (n = 375) postoperatively were assessed using multiple regression to evaluate the strength of the relationship between PRO scores and the following predictor variables: patient-specific factors, treatment-specific factors, and physical findings. Results: Improvement in all PROs significantly exceeded the minimal important change at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. Older age and female sex were predictive of lower PRO scores up to 2 years postoperatively. Concurrent meniscal treatment and limited range of knee motion were predictive of lower PRO scores at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively. A tighter knee (ie, less anterior translation) on the injured side compared with the contralateral knee was predictive of lower KOOS–Quality of Life and IKDC scores at 2 years postoperatively. At all 3 postoperative time points, greater side-to-side difference in knee ROM was predictive of lower PRO scores. Conclusion: Inferior PRO scores were associated with concomitant meniscal treatment and limited postoperative ROM until 1 year postoperatively and with older age and female sex up to 2 years postoperatively. PRO scores were associated with knee stability at all assessed time points.
Are we being equitable enough? Lessons learned from sites lost in an implementation trial
Authors: Austin Elizabeth J. , Chen Jessica , Ferro Lori , Saxon Andrew J. , Fortney John C. , Curran Geoffrey M. , Ratzliff Anna D. , Williams Emily C. 
Published: August 2024

Background There is a growing interest in practice-based implementation research, yet too often research prioritizes and is most successful in academic settings. During a national implementation trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Collaborative Care for co-occurring opioid use and mental health disorders, we lost three of our 11 participating implementation sites, all representing community sites. Method To better understand needed supports for implementation trial participation, we conducted exit interviews ( n = 5) with key staff at these community sites. Interview transcripts were double-coded and analyzed using Rapid Assessment Process. Qualitative themes were iteratively reviewed by the study team. Results Three themes emerged characterizing challenges for community sites, including that: (1) research threatens sites’ most precious resource—staff; (2) staff lack comfort with and skills for research; and (3) research participation in its current form does not offer a clear return on investment. Conclusions Learnings from this work illuminate some of the barriers community sites face when trying to participate in multisite implementation research. An undercurrent of participant perspectives was the belief that community sites like theirs are just not set up to successfully participate in clinical trial research, including population-based implementation trials. Future implementation trials should consider strategies that disrupt traditional approaches, increasing the equitable inclusion of diverse practice settings in implementation research.
Recent advancements and prospects in noble and non-noble electrocatalysts for materials methanol oxidation reactions
Authors: Singh Monika , Sharma Hari Mohan , Gupta Ram K. , Kumar Anuj 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) represents a highly promising alternative power source for small electronics and automobiles due to its low operating temperatures, high efficiency, and energy density. The methanol oxidation process (MOR) constitutes a fundamental chemical reaction occurring at the positive electrode of a DMFC. Pt-based materials serve as widely utilized MOR electrocatalysts in DMFCs. Nevertheless, various challenges, such as sluggish reaction rates, high production costs primarily attributed to the expensive Pt-based catalyst, and the adverse effects of CO poisoning on the Pt catalysts, hinder the commercialization of DMFCs. Consequently, endeavors to identify an alternative catalyst to Pt-based catalysts that mitigate these drawbacks represent a critical focal point of DMFC research. In pursuit of this objective, researchers have developed diverse classes of MOR electrocatalysts, encompassing those derived from noble and non-noble metals. This review paper delves into the fundamental concept of MOR and its operational mechanisms, as well as the latest advancements in electrocatalysts derived from noble and non-noble metals, such as single-atom and molecule catalysts. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of the constraints and prospects of MOR electrocatalysts, encompassing those based on noble metals and those based on non-noble metals, has been undertaken.
Role of paranasal abnormalities and systemic inflammation on primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Authors: Sevimli Neslihan , Aydın Kurna Sevda , Çakır Muhammet , Akkaya Sezen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
To determine the paranasal changes and inflammatory markers that may cause primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) and to determine their relationship with success rates on different types of surgeries.

Main body
We retrospectively reviewed the blood sample and computed tomography (CT) results on 92 patients who underwent dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery for PANDO and 82 healthy controls. Age, gender, paranasal abnormalities, hemogram values, International Normalized Ratio (INR) values, type of surgery, and recurrence rate were recorded; systemic Immune-inflammation Index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocytes-to- lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated in both groups. In the case group, total white blood cells, monocytes, and INR values were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Platelet, lymphocyte, neutrophil, PLR, MLR, NLR, and SII values did not differ significantly between the control and case groups (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the CT results between the groups (p > 0.05). No correlation was found between CT findings and inflammatory markers. Dacryocystitis (DC) was seen in 20% of patients and they were all in the case group. No correlation was found between recurrence rate and age, gender, type of surgery, CT findings, and blood results (p > 0.05). The recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with bilateral PANDO and with DC (p < 0.05).

Short conclusion
The incidence of PANDO may not be directly related to paranasal abnormalities and systemic inflammation. Low INR values may cause obstruction in the nasolacrimal duct. Age, gender, type of surgery, CT findings, and inflammation level do not affect the success of the surgery.
Airway management of a patient with coffin-lowry syndrome: a case report
Authors: Ghose Shaarav , Nisar Faria , Aleem Bushra Abdul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoffin-Lowry Syndrome (CLS) is a rare X-linked genetic disorder characterized by growth delays, facial dysmorphisms, and intellectual disabilities. Currently, there are limited published case reports regarding the anesthetic management of patients with CLS. Managing anesthesia for CLS patients can be complex due to difficult airway management. In this case report, we present a patient with CLS who underwent surgical intervention, highlighting the anesthetic considerations encountered throughout the perioperative period. We aim to summarize the difficulties involved in anesthetic management of rare conditions like CLS to improve clinical outcomes for affected individuals.
Associations between specialized dementia care, COVID-19 and central nervous system medication use in assisted living: a population-based repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Maxwell Colleen J. , Dampf Hana , Squires Jillian P. , Hogan David B. , Cotton Cecilia A. , MMath Erik Youngson , Hsu Zoe , Hoben Matthias 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Assisted living (AL) is an increasingly common residential setting for persons with dementia; yet concerns exist about sub-optimal care of this population in AL given its lower levels of staffing and services. Our objectives were to (i) examine associations between AL setting (dementia care vs. other), COVID-19 pandemic waves, and prevalent antipsychotic, antidepressant, anti-dementia, benzodiazepine, and anticonvulsant drug use among residents with dementia/cognitive impairment, and (ii) explore associations between resident and home characteristics and prevalent medication use.

Methods
We conducted a population-based, repeated cross-sectional study using linked clinical and health administrative databases for all publicly funded AL homes in Alberta, Canada, examined between January 2018 - December 2021. The quarterly proportion of residents dispensed a study medication was examined for each setting and period (pandemic vs. comparable historical [2018/2019 combined]) focusing on four pandemic waves (March-May 2020, September 2020-February 2021, March-May 2021, September-December 2021). Log-binomial GEE models estimated prevalence ratios (PR) for period (pandemic vs. historical periods), setting (dementia care vs. other) and period-setting interactions, adjusting for resident (age, sex) and home (COVID-19 cases, health region, ownership) characteristics.

Results
On March 1, 2020, there were 2,779 dementia care and 3,013 other AL residents (mean age 83, 69% female) with dementia/cognitive impairment. Antipsychotic use increased during waves 2–4 in both settings, but this was more pronounced in dementia care than other AL during waves 3 and 4 (e.g., adjusted [adj]PR 1.20, 95% CI 1.14–1.27 vs. adjPR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.17, interaction p = 0.023, wave 3). Both settings showed a statistically significant but modest increase in antidepressant use and decrease in benzodiazepine use. For dementia care AL residents only, there was a statistically significant increase in gabapentinoid use during several waves (e.g., adjPR 1.32, 95% CI 1.10–1.59, wave 3). Other than a modest decrease in prevalent anti-dementia drug use for both settings in wave 2, no other significant pandemic effects were observed.

Conclusions
The persistence of the pandemic-associated increase in antipsychotic and antidepressant use in AL residents coupled with a greater increase in antipsychotic and gabapentinoid use for dementia care settings raises concerns about the attendant risks for residents with cognitive impairment.
Barriers and facilitators when implementing midwifery continuity of carer: a narrative analysis of the international literature
Authors: Middlemiss Aimee Louise , Channon Susan , Sanders Julia , Kenyon Sara , Milton Rebecca , Prendeville Tina , Barry Susan , Strange Heather , Jones Aled 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Midwifery continuity of carer (MCoC) is a model of care in which the same midwife or small team of midwives supports women throughout pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period. The model has been prioritised by policy makers in a number of high-income countries, but widespread implementation and sustainability has proved challenging.

Methods
In this narrative review and synthesis of the global literature on the implementation and sustainability of midwifery continuity of carer, we identify barriers to, and facilitators of, this model of delivering maternity care. By mapping existing research evidence onto the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we identify factors for organisations to consider when planning and implementing midwifery continuity of carer as well as gaps in the current research evidence.

Results
Analysing international evidence using the CFIR shows that evidence around midwifery continuity of carer implementation is patchy and fragmented, and that the impetus for change is not critically examined. Existing literature pays insufficient attention to core aspects of the innovation such as the centrality of on call working arrangements and alignment with the professional values of midwifery. There is also limited attention to the political and structural contexts into which midwifery continuity of carer is introduced.

Conclusions
By synthesizing international research evidence with the CFIR, we identify factors for organisations to consider when planning and implementing midwifery continuity of carer. We also call for more systematic and contextual evidence to aid understanding of the implementation or non-implementation of midwifery continuity of carer. Existing evidence should be critically evaluated and used more cautiously in support of claims about the model of care and its implementation, especially when implementation is occurring in different settings and contexts to the research being cited.
Engagement in rapid public health research among young people from underserved communities: maximising opportunities and overcoming barriers
Authors: Denford Sarah , Holt Lydia , Essery Rosie , Kesten Joanna , Cabral Christie , Weston Dale , Horwood Jeremy , Hickman Matthew , Amlôt Richard , Yardley Lucy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Inclusion in public health research of young people from low-income households and those from minority ethnic groups remains low. It is recognised that there is a need to change the way in which research is conducted so that it becomes more inclusive. The aim of this work was to identify novel and innovative ways to maximise recruitment and inclusion of diverse participants when doing co-production within very short time frames for emergency responses.

Method
We conducted interviews with young people from low-income and minority ethnic backgrounds, and members or leaders of groups or organisations supporting or representing young people from underserved communities.

Results
A total of 42 participants took part in an interview. This included 30 young people from low income or minority ethnic backgrounds and 12 community leaders/service providers. Of the 30 young people, 26 participants identified as female and 12 participants identified as being from a minority ethnic background. Participants discussed a number of interrelated barriers to research involvement and identified ways in which barriers may be reduced. Prejudice and discrimination experienced by young people from underserved communities has led to substantial mistrust of educational and governmental establishments. Rigid and unfamiliar research practices further limit the involvement of young people. Four themes were identified as ways of supporting involvement, including: making opportunities available for young people, adaptations to research governance, understanding and acknowledging challenges faced by young people, and ensuring reciprocal benefits.

Conclusion
This research explored barriers to engagement in rapid public health co-production. Working with communities to co-produce rapid recruitment and research procedures to suit the needs and the context in which young people live is necessary.