bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interest of Postmortem Bacteriology in Putrefied Bodies
Authors: Maujean Géraldine , Guinet Tiphaine , Fanton Laurent , Malicier Daniel 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA 27‐year‐old man was found dead in an advanced decomposition stage at home. On external examination, his body showed petechial hemorrhages of the skin. At autopsy, petechial hemorrhages of the epicardium were found, but no sign of meningitis was detected. Toxicological investigations remained negative. Bacteriological conventional analyses showed no significant result. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B was finally isolated on cerebrospinal fluid by a specific real‐time polymerase chain reaction. To our knowledge, there are no available data about the postmortem diagnosis of an infectious cause of death in a decomposed corpse. In such situations, the polymicrobial overgrowth usually hampers the interpretation of bacteriological conventional methods and questions their diagnostic value. Such molecular bacteriological approaches appear to constitute an important diagnostic tool for forensic scientists and should be widely processed in case of suspected infectious death or sudden death whatever the postmortem interval.
An Unusual Pattern of Decomposition Associated with Suicidal Electrocution in a Bath
Authors: Fernando Tarini , Winskog Calle , Byard Roger W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA 51‐year‐old man was found dead face down and partially submerged in a bathtub alongside two hairdryers. The hairdryers had continued to work, as the victim had bypassed the electrical board of the house prior to dropping them into the water. This had resulted in death due to electrocution, with subsequent heating of the bath water causing marked putrefaction and softening of the immersed body parts. The back and feet, which were not submerged, were preserved. The degree of anterior decomposition was not in keeping with the postmortem interval; however, regional decomposition with sparing of the back and feet provided a clue at autopsy as to the sequence of events. Individuals with training in, or knowledge of, electrical circuitry are capable of modifying domestic wiring so that safety switches and/or fuses can be bypassed ensuring that electrical devices will continue to function even while under water.
Increased Blood Loss From Access Cannulation Site During Hemodialysis Is Associated With Anemia and Arteriovenous Graft Use
Authors: Lin Chi‐Lin , Chen Hung‐Yuan , Huang Shu‐Chen , Hsu Shih‐Ping , Pai Mei‐Fen , Peng Yu‐Sen , Chiu Yen‐Ling 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBlood loss from the access cannulation site during hemodialysis (HD) treatment is inevitable. Nevertheless, during HD, excessive blood loss from the cannulation site is not uncommon. The clinical characteristics associated with it and whether such blood loss could impact on patient outcomes is unknown. This pilot study aims to indentify the prevalence and risk factors associated with excessive bleeding (≥4 mL/session) from dialysis access cannulation site during regular HD treatments. Stable end‐stage renal disease patients receiving maintenance HD via arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or graft (AVG) were included in this study (N = 361). They were closely monitored for one month for the occurrence of excessive access bleeding during each HD session. A total of 4152 sessions of HD were performed during the study period and 143 patients (39.6%) had at least one episode of excessive bleeding from the vascular access (≥4 mL/session). Individuals experiencing excessive bleeding episodes had a significantly lower hemoglobin level, higher rate of diabetes, central venous stenosis, longer dialysis vintage, lower serum albumin level, longer hemostasis time and higher AVG and anti‐platelet agent use (all P < 0.05). In the multivariable logistic regression model, longer dialysis vintage, central venous stenosis, lower hemoglobin level, and AVG usage were independently associated with occurrence of excessive access bleeding. AVG users also clustered with other risk factors for excessive access bleeding. Our study identified the novel associations between excessive cannulation site bleeding with dialysis vintage, anemia and AVG usage. The significance and impact of long‐term chronic, intermittent bleeding from dialysis access should be further explored.
Evaluating the effectiveness of aSafeHarborProgram for connecting wildlife populations
Authors: Trainor A. M. , Walters J. R. , Urban D. L. , Moody A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractConversion of lands to agriculture and development within remaining natural habitats have fragmented ecosystems and reduced wildlife populations. TheUSFish and Wildlife Service has adopted an incentive‐based conservation strategy known as theSafeHarborProgram (SHP) to reduce the vulnerability of federally protected species located on private properties. In addition to protecting populations, theSHPalso strives to enhance species viability by devising strategies to (re)connect populations among habitat patches. We empirically evaluated the effectiveness of the initial Safe Harbor agreement, developed forRed‐cockadedWoodpeckers (Picoides borealis, hereafterRCW) in the North Carolina Sandhills, in enhancing connectivity for that species. According to our results, breeding territories located on private properties enrolled in theSHPpromoted dispersal ofRCWsand enhanced overall population connectivity relative to otherwise similar territories located on non‐SHPproperties. Moreover, theSHPcreated extensive stepping‐stone corridors throughout the region. Our analysis also showed thatRCWconnectivity will be negatively impacted directly and indirectly by encroaching urban growth. By combining an urban growth model with estimated connectivity, managers and conservation planners can identify which properties critical for connectivity are most threatened by urban encroachment. These results can help conservation planners develop strategic actions on private land based on the species specific movement ability, current landscapes and projected urban growth.
‘Vaping’ profiles and preferences: an online survey of electronic cigarette users
Authors: Dawkins Lynne , Turner John , Roberts Amanda , Soar Kirstie 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimsTo characterize e‐cigarette use, users and effects in a sample of Electronic Cigarette Company (TECC) and Totally Wicked E‐Liquid (TWEL) users.Design and settingOnline survey hosted at the University of East London with links from TECC/TWEL websites from September 2011 to May 2012.MeasurementsOnline questionnaire.ParticipantsOne thousand three hundred and forty‐seven respondents from 33 countries (72% European), mean age 43 years, 70% male, 96% Causacian, 44% educated to degree level or above.FindingsSeventy‐four percent of participants reported not smoking for at least a few weeks since using the e‐cigarette and 70% reported reduced urge to smoke. Seventy‐two percent of participants used a ‘tank’ system, most commonly, the eGo‐C (23%). Mean duration of use was 10 months. Only 1% reported exclusive use of non‐nicotine (0 mg) containing liquid. E‐cigarettes were generally considered to be satisfying to use; elicit few side effects; be healthier than smoking; improve cough/breathing; and be associated with low levels of craving. Among ex‐smokers, ‘time to first vape’ was significantly longer than ‘time to first cigarette’ (t1104 = 11.16, P < 0.001) suggesting a lower level of dependence to e‐cigarettes. Ex‐smokers reported significantly greater reduction in craving than current smokers (χ21 = 133.66, P < 0.0007) although few other differences emerged between these groups. Compared with males, females opted more for chocolate/sweet flavours (χ21 = 16.16, P < 0.001) and liked the e‐cigarette because it resembles a cigarette (χ23 = 42.65, P < 0.001).ConclusionsE‐cigarettes are used primarily for smoking cessation, but for a longer duration than nicotine replacement therapy, and users believe them to be safer than smoking.
‘It's more about the heroin’: injection drug users' response to an overdose warning campaign in a Canadian setting
Authors: Kerr Thomas , Small Will , Hyshka Elaine , Maher Lisa , Shannon Kate 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimsTo assess heroin injectors' perceptions of and responses to a warning issued by public health officials regarding high‐potency heroin and increases in fatal overdoses.DesignSemi‐structured qualitative interviews.SettingVancouver, Canada.ParticipantsEighteen active heroin injectors.MeasurementsSemi‐structured interview guide focussing on heroin injectors' perceptions of and responses to the overdose warning, including reasons for failing to adhere to risk reduction recommendations.FindingsAlthough nearly all participants were aware of the warning, their recollections of the message and the timing of its release were obscured by on‐going social interactions within the drug scene focussed on heroin quality. Many injection drug users reported seeking the high potency heroin and nearly all reported no change in overdose risk behaviours. Responses to the warning were shaped by various social, economic and structural forces that interacted with individual behaviour and undermined efforts to promote behavioural change, including sales tactics employed by dealers, poverty, the high cost and shifting quality of available heroin, and risks associated with income‐generating activities. Individual‐level factors, including emotional suffering, withdrawal, entrenched injecting routines, perceived invincibility and the desire for intense intoxication also undermined risk reduction messages.ConclusionsAmong heroin injectors in British Columbia, a 2011 overdose warning campaign appeared to be of limited effectiveness and also produced unintended negative consequences that exacerbated overdose risk.
Ant seed predation, pesticide applications and farmers' income from tropical multi‐cropping gardens
Authors: Motzke Iris , Tscharntke Teja , Sodhi Navjot S. , Klein Alexandra‐Maria , Wanger Thomas C. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Tropical small‐holder farmers rely on sustainable food production. Crop seed predation by ants can cause substantial yield loss and result in high pesticide use.
We conducted field experiments and questionnaire‐based surveys aiming to assess the effect of sown‐seed predation on four crop species (Cucumis sativus, Daucus carota, Capsicum frutescens and Solanum melongena) in 15 vegetable gardens and the resulting impact on the net income of Indonesian farmers. Furthermore, we tested a commonly applied insecticide and herbicide for seed, seedling and plant protection aiming to understand their effect on ant seed predation.
We found that the mean percentage of seeds removed per garden was 42.0%, 49.4%, 48.0% and 50.6% for C. sativus, D. carota, C. frutescens and S. melongena, respectively, halving the farmers' income after considering initial and operational costs. Insecticide and herbicide treatments did not affect seed predation success or overall ant abundance, although they had positive and negative effects on ant species‐specific abundance.
High overall ant abundance caused high seed predation rate in all gardens as a result of a functional redundancy of ant species, which compensated for pesticide‐related species loss.
Environmentally‐friendly and more sustainable practices such as overseeding or seedling production in nurseries could substitute for these inefficient approaches of chemical pest control, although this requires further research.
Unexpected collapse of healthy newborn infants: risk factors, supervision and hypothermia treatment
Authors: Pejovic Nicolas J , Herlenius Eric 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo determine the occurrence and risk factors of sudden unexpected postnatal collapse (SUPC) in presumably healthy newborn infants.MethodsAll live‐born infants during a 30‐month period, in five major delivery wards in Stockholm, were screened, and possible cases of SUPC thoroughly investigated. Infants were ≥35 weeks of gestation, had an Apgar score >8 at 10 min and collapsed within 24 h after birth. Maternal, infant, event characteristics and outcome data were collected.ResultsTwenty‐six cases of SUPC were found among 68 364 live‐born infants, an incidence of 38/100 000 live births. Sixteen of these cases of SUPC required resuscitation with ventilation >1 min, and 14 of these remained unexplained (21/100 000). Fifteen of the 26 children were found in a prone position, during skin‐to‐skin contact, 18 were primipara, and 13 occurred during unsupervised breastfeeding at <2 h of age. Three cases occurred during smart cellular phone use by the mother. Five developed hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) grade 2, and 4 underwent hypothermia treatment. Twenty‐five infants had a favourable neurological outcome.ConclusionSUPC in apparent healthy babies is associated with initial, unsupervised breastfeeding, prone position, primiparity and distractions. Guidelines outlining the appropriate monitoring of newborns and safe early skin‐to‐skin contact should be implemented.
Long‐term growth of children with autoantibody‐mediated congenital heart block
Authors: Skog Amanda , Eliasson Håkan , Tingström Joanna , Källberg Henrik , Salomonsson Stina ,   The Swedish Congenital Heart Block Study Group, Sonesson Sven‐Erik , Wahren‐Herlenius Marie 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo analyse growth of children with and without congenital heart block (CHB) born to anti‐Ro/SSA positive mothers from birth to 18 years of age, using a population‐based cohort of Swedish CHB patients.MethodsMedical records for siblings with (n = 72) and without (n = 60) CHB born 1973–2009 to anti‐Ro/SSA positive mothers were retrieved from child healthcare centres and school health services and used to extract data on growth from birth to 18 years.ResultsCompared with reference standards, children with CHB were retarded in weight by 0.75–1.0 SD from birth to 2–3 years of age. Thereafter, the CHB children started to catch up, reaching the reference standards at 9–11 years of age. Pacemaker treatment was not correlated with the catch‐up in growth. Individuals with CHB were retarded in both weight and height from birth to 9–11 years of age when compared to siblings without CHB, who did not demonstrate restriction in these measurements.ConclusionPresence of CHB is a more important predictor of growth restriction than maternal rheumatic disease and foetal anti‐Ro/SSA exposure. The restriction persists for several years after birth, despite pacemaker treatment, which highlights the importance of follow‐up of children with CHB regarding nutrition and growth.
Organizational stressors, work–family interface and the role of gender in the hospital: Experiences from Turkey
Authors: Turk Meral , Davas Asli , Tanik Feride A. , Montgomery Anthony J. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesIn the framework of the EU project ‘Improving quality and safety in the hospital: The link between organizational culture, burnout and quality of care’, focus groups (FGs) were conducted to explore hospital environment stressors and their relationship with health care professional (HP) well‐being and quality of care.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews and FGs were used. Three mixed FGs with 23 health care workers, two FGs with 12 nurses, and another one with nine physicians were conducted. Thematic analyses were performed. Data were coded into main themes and subthemes.ResultsThree themes emerged from the discussions: (1) Organizational stressors associated with working conditions concerning the nature of the job, workload and working schedule, unclear role definition, lack of time for personal development, interpersonal relationships at work, changes in health policy, (2) work–family spillover and (3) the gendered nature of health care work and of patients' expectations, and the gendered character of the workplace.ConclusionsHealth care professionals are faced with numerous challenges that create stress affecting their daily life. Job stressors related to working conditions, the negative and positive spillover of work–family interference and the gendered nature of health care work emerged as important issues for Turkish HPs.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?

In Turkey, gender has rarely been considered in the healthcare studies.
Rapid changes in health reforms are making healthcare professionals more vulnerable to stress.
The deteriation in the health system impacts women more than men, as higher ratios work in outsourced services.

What does this study add?

Despite signifcant changes in attitudes towards women, nurses are treated as “mothers” of the clinics.
Women as health workers are particularly exposed to multiple stressors, that are rooted in ideals about gender.
Understanding the way healthcare is organized along gendered lines is a precusor to any real organizational change.
Under Pressure: The Impact of Recession on Employees inIreland
Authors: Russell Helen , McGinnity Frances 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIreland is experiencing the worst recession since the foundation of the state, and the effects on the labour market have been dramatic. This article explores the impact of recession for those still in employment by examining work pressure, using two large, nationally representative workplace surveys from 2003 (boom) and 2009 (recession). We find a significant increase in work pressure between 2003 and 2009. Staff reductions and company reorganization are both associated with increased work pressure, as is current job insecurity. Other job changes, like large pay cuts, increases in responsibility and monitoring are also associated with increased work pressure. We argue that negative organizational and job changes in the previous two years play an important role in accounting for the rise in work pressure.
School Life and Adolescents' Self‐Esteem Trajectories
Authors: Morin Alexandre J. S. , Maïano Christophe , Marsh Herbert W. , Nagengast Benjamin , Janosz Michel 
Published: March 2013

This study investigates heterogeneity in adolescents' trajectories of global self‐esteem (GSE) and the relations between these trajectories and facets of the interpersonal, organizational, and instructional components of students' school life. Methodologically, this study illustrates the use of growth mixture analyses, and how to obtain proper student‐level effects when there are multiple schools, but not enough to support multilevel analyses. This study is based on a 4‐year, six‐measurement‐point, follow‐up of 1,008 adolescents (Mage = 12.6 years, SD = 0.6 at Time 1.) The results show four latent classes presenting elevated, moderate, increasing, and low trajectories defined based on GSE levels and fluctuations. The results show that GSE becomes trait‐like as it increases and that school life effects, moderated by gender, played an important role in predicting membership in these trajectories.
Developmental Personality Types From Childhood to Adolescence: Associations With Parenting and Adjustment
Authors: de Haan Amaranta D. , Deković Maja , van den Akker Alithe L. , Stoltz Sabine E. M. J. , Prinzie Peter 
Published: March 2013

This study examined whether changes in children's self‐reported Big Five dimensions are represented by (developmental) personality types, using a cohort‐sequential design with three measurement occasions across 5 years (four cohorts, 9–12 years at T1; N = 523). Correlates of, and gender differences in, type membership were examined. Latent class growth modeling yielded three personality types: Resilients (highest initial levels on all Big Five), Overcontrollers (lowest Extraversion, Emotional Stability, Imagination), and Undercontrollers (lowest Benevolence, Conscientiousness). Gender differences in type membership were small. Warm parenting, but not overreactive discipline, in childhood was associated with type membership. The types differed in adjustment problems by the end of middle adolescence. Personality change more likely occurs at the level of dimensions within types than in type membership.
Consolidation and Transfer of Learning After Observing Hand Gesture
Authors: Cook Susan Wagner , Duffy Ryan G. , Fenn Kimberly M. 
Published: March 2013

Children who observe gesture while learning mathematics perform better than children who do not, when tested immediately after training. How does observing gesture influence learning over time? Children (n = 184, ages = 7–10) were instructed with a videotaped lesson on mathematical equivalence and tested immediately after training and 24 hr later. The lesson either included speech and gesture or only speech. Children who saw gesture performed better overall and performance improved after 24 hr. Children who only heard speech did not improve after the delay. The gesture group also showed stronger transfer to different problem types. These findings suggest that gesture enhances learning of abstract concepts and affects how learning is consolidated over time.
Exocrine pancreatic function in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β‐maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (HNF1B‐MODY) is only moderately reduced: compensatory hypersecretion from a hypoplastic pancreas
Authors: Tjora E. , Wathle G. , Erchinger F. , Engjom T. , Molven A. , Aksnes L. , Haldorsen I. S. , Dimcevski G. , Ræder H. , Njølstad P. R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the exocrine pancreatic function in carriers of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β gene (HNF1B) mutation by direct testing.MethodsPatients with HNF1B mutations and control subjects were assessed using rapid endoscopic secretin tests and secretin‐stimulated magnetic resonance imaging. Seven patients and 25 controls underwent endoscopy, while eight patients and 20 controls had magnetic resonance imaging. Ductal function was assessed according to peak bicarbonate concentrations and acinar function was assessed according to peak digestive enzyme activities in secretin‐stimulated duodenal juice. The association of pancreatic exocrine function and diabetes status with pancreatic gland volume was examined.ResultsThe mean increase in secretin‐stimulated duodenal fluid was smaller in patients than controls (4.0 vs 6.4 ml/min; P = 0.003). We found lower ductal function in patients than controls (median peak bicarbonate concentration: 73 vs 116 mEq/L; P < 0.001) and lower acinar function (median peak lipase activity: 6.4 vs 33.5 kU/ml; P = 0.01; median peak elastase activity: 0.056 vs 0.130 U/ml; P = 0.01). Pancreatic fluid volume outputs correlated significantly with pancreatic gland volumes (r2 = 0.71, P = 0.008) in patients. The total fluid output to pancreatic gland volume ratios were higher in patients than controls (4.5 vs 1.3 ml/cm3; P = 0.03), suggesting compensatory hypersecretion in the remaining gland.ConclusionCarriers of the HNF1B mutation have lower exocrine pancreatic function involving both ductal and acinar cells. Compensatory hypersecretion suggests that the small pancreas of HNF1B mutation carriers is attributable to hypoplasia, not atrophy.