bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetiuus and Ablatiuus pretii in Latin: concepts, functions, and formal marks
Authors: Torrego M. Esperanza 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper deals with the revision of the Genitive and the Ablative as codes for the expressions of value and price. In the first part (Sections 2 and 3), the paper revisits the problem of the productivity and partial interchangeability of the two markers and concludes that both are productive, each one for one role: the Genitive is the only way of codifying intrinsic value (understood as an intrinsic property of entities), whereas the Ablative only codifies market value. Market value is projected as estimated value in some contexts, and as price, in other contexts. The second part of the paper (Section 4) deals with the syntactic position they take in their verbal contexts and concludes that the fact that the valuing expression is in the complement, not in the verbs, is an important factor in explaining the association of the Genitive to intrinsic value and the Ablative to market value (projected in some contexts as price).
Crystal structure of 1-carbamoyl-3-cyano-&-carboline, C13H8N4O
Authors: Wang Yue , Jin Qiaomei , Guo Hao 
Published: May 2014

Abstract C13H8N4O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.748(2) Å, b = 14.661(3) Å, c = 7.364(2) Å, β = 93.22(3)°, V = 1050.8 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0485, wRref(F2) = 0.1500, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of (acetonitrile-κN)chlorido[2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-κ2N,C] platinum(II), C13H11ClN2Pt
Authors: Ha Kwang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract C13H11ClN2Pt, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.424(1) Å, b = 5.4949(7) Å, c = 20.060(3) Å, β = 104.987(2)°, V = 1216.4 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0225, wRref(F2) = 0.0525, T = 200 K.
Redetermination of the crystal structure of N,N-diphenylacetamide, at 200 K, C14H13NO
Authors: Hosten Eric , Betz Richard 
Published: May 2014

Abstract C14H13NO, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.9317(3) Å, b = 11.9675(4) Å, c = 17.2285(5) Å, V = 2253.9 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0340, wRref(F2) = 0.0879, T = 200 K.
Use of Raman spectroscopy for continuous monitoring and control of lignocellulosic biorefinery processes
Authors: Ewanick Shannon , Schmitt Elliott , Gustafson Rick , Bura Renata 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe production of fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass demands efficient processes to compete with fossil fuel-derived products. Key biorefinery processes, such as enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and microbial fermentation, can be monitored by advanced sensors in real time, providing information about reactant and product concentration, contamination, and reaction progress. Spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy provide a means of quickly and accurately assessing many types of reaction mixtures non-destructively, in real time, and with no costly sample preparation and analysis time. Raman spectroscopy techniques have been developed to accurately quantify a number of compounds present in lignocellulosic processes, and methods have been developed to overcome the presence of fluorescent compounds that can increase the spectral background. Online Raman sensors also can provide the feedback measurements necessary for advanced process controls (APCs). Specifically, model predictive control, a common APC used extensively throughout similar processing industries, is especially well suited for ensuring optimal production of bio-based chemicals from lignocellulosic material.
Synthesis by successive ionic layer deposition (SILD) methodology and characterization of gold nanoclusters on the surface of tin and indium oxide films
Authors: Korotcenkov Ghenadii , Gulina Larisa B. , Cho Beongki , Brinzari Vladimir , Tolstoy Valery P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe ability of successive ionic layer deposition (SILD) technology to synthesize gold clusters on the surface of tin(IV) oxide and indium(III) oxide films is discussed. It was shown that during the process, concentration of active sites that are capable of absorbing gold ions, and the size of the gold particles thus formed, may be controlled by both concentration of the solutions used and the number of SILD cycles. Thus, SILD methodology, employing separate and multiple stages of adsorption and reduction of adsorbed species, has considerable potential for customizing the properties of the deposited metal nanoparticles. In particular, it is shown that during the deposition of gold nanoparticles on the surface of tin(IV) oxide and indium(III) oxide films by SILD methodology, conditions can be realized under which the size of gold nanoclusters may be controllably varied between 1–3 nm and 50 nm. A model is proposed for the formation of gold clusters during the SILD process.
Light harvester band gap engineering in excitonic solar cells: A case study on semiconducting quantum dots sensitized rainbow solar cells
Authors: Concina Isabella , Selopal Gurpreet S. , Milan Riccardo , Sberveglieri Giorgio , Vomiero Alberto 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A systematic study on the fabrication of quantum dots sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) exploiting hybrid networks of semiconducting light harvesters is presented, which shows how the engineering of band gaps of the device components by a very simple technique allows improving the solar energy conversion performances. Panchromatic devices are fabricated and tested, and correspondent functional parameters analyzed in order to highlight both advantages and drawbacks of the most common (CdS, CdSe, PbS) quantum dots applied for light collection in QDSSCs. Judicious engineering of the light harvester layer is demonstrated as a simple and powerful strategy for boosting device performances, through the management of light collection in a rather broad range of solar spectrum and photogenerated charges injection and collection.
Laser interstitial thermal therapy for treatment of post-radiosurgery tumor recurrence and radiation necrosis
Authors: Patel Toral R. , Chiang Veronica L.S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground and objective:Approximately one-third of all intracranial metastatic lesions treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) will regrow at some point during follow-up. A fraction of these lesions will require further therapy. Traditional approaches will work in a majority of, but not all, cases. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) represents a promising strategy for treatment of regrowing lesions post-SRS that are refractory to standard therapies.Materials and methods:Published literature to evaluate the role of LITT for treatment of regrowing metastatic lesions post-SRS is reviewed; own single institution experience treating these pathologies with two different commercially available LITT systems is included.Results:Early clinical studies have established that LITT can be used to successfully treat post-SRS regrowing lesions. Patients treated with LITT demonstrate both clinical and radiographic improvements following treatment, with minimal side effects.Conclusions:LITT is a promising new therapy for the management of post-SRS regrowing intracranial metastases. Large-scale clinical trials demonstrating therapeutic efficacy must be completed prior to widespread adoption of this technique.
Fabrication and characteristics study of ITO/DBSA/PSS/PPY/Al SCHOTTKY junction diode
Authors: Jayamurugan Periyannan , Ponnuswamy Veerappa Gounder , Mariappan Ramasamy , Mahalingam Thaiyan , Rao Yammani Venkat Subba 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A water-dispersed dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA)/poly (styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS)/polypyrrole (PPY) composite was prepared by an in situ chemical polymerization method. The prepared solution was spun on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass plates at different rates of 2000 and 3000 rpm. The optical band gap energy (Eg) was calculated by UV spectroscopy. The band gap of the composite thin films was found at 1.89 eV and 1.93 eV, respectively. A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum confirms the presence of dopant and co-dopant in the structure. The diode parameters were calculated from current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and discussed. The I-V characteristics of the devices indicated behavior of a Schottky diode. The ideality factor, barrier height (ϕb) and saturation current were investigated. The ϕb was found to be 0.59 eV and 0.52 eV for 2000 rpm and 3000 rpm, respectively. The ideality factor was calculated from the slope of the linear region of the forward bias in the I-V curves and was found to be 6.4 and 13.5. The results of the present study reveal that the 2000 rpm coated ITO/DBSA/PSS/PPY/Al device showed better nonlinearity behavior than the 3000 rpm one.
Multiple melting behavior of poly(lactic acid)-hemp-silica composites using modulated-temperature differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Mustapa Izan R. , Shanks Robert A. , Kong Ing 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-hemp-nanosilica (PHS) composites were prepared by impregnation of hemp woven fabric with PLA solution. Nanosilica was dispersed in the PLA solution to introduce a matrix reinforcing nanophase within the composite. The melting behavior of PLA composites was obtained by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and modulated-temperature DSC (mT-DSC). Multiple melting which appeared in the non-isothermal heating curve showed that the temperature of a low melting peak increased when using a slower scanning rate. The incorporation of nanosilica in PLA composites affected the melting temperature (Tm) and sufficiently formed nucleation sites that promoted the growth of PLA crystals. Composites analyzed by a temperature-modulated program showed a broad exothermic peak before the melting peak in the non-reversing heat capacity and endothermic melting in the reversing heat capacity curve. This behavior was explained by a process of partial melting, recrystallization and remelting (mrr). The mT-DSC resolved that hemp fiber induced recrystallization and nanosilica acted as an effective nucleating agent, which promoted small and imperfect crystals that changed successively into more stable crystals through a melt-recrystallization process.
Characterization of styrene butadiene rubber and microwave devulcanized ground tire rubber composites
Authors: Karabork Fazliye , Pehlivan Erol , Akdemir Ahmet 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Ground tire rubber (GTR) was devulcanized by microwaves at the same heating rate (constant power) and different times of exposure. The devulcanized rubber (DV-R) and untreated GTR were characterized physically and thermally. Composite materials were prepared from different proportions of the GTR, which was used as a filler, and the DV-R, which was used as part of the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix, and by varying the exposure time of the microwave power. These composites were compared with a control sample that was prepared from virgin SBR. The sol content (soluble part) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of the devulcanized samples were examined to define the efficiency of devulcanization. The cure characteristics and tensile properties of the SBR composites were researched. In this study, it was found that using DV-R as part of the rubber matrix produced much better properties than using GTR as a filler, thereby showing the significant benefits of microwave devulcanization. At the DV-R content of 50 phr, the elongation at break of the DV-R 5 min/SBR composites increased to 445.06% from 217.25% for the GTR/SBR composites, i.e., the elongation at break was enhanced by 105% by the devulcanization of GTR. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs displayed a better interface coherence between the DV-R 5 min and SBR matrix than the GTR/SBR composites.
Processability and mechanical properties of bisbenzoxazine modified by the cardanol-based aromatic diamine benzoxazine
Authors: Zhang Chengxi , Zhang Yiyang , Zhou Qianhao , Ling Hong , Gu Yi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
To improve the processability and toughness of bisbenzoxazine, a series of cardanol-based aromatic diamine benzoxazine (BZ-Xc) monomers were synthesized from cardanol, formaldehyde aqueous solution and aromatic diamines with different bridging groups such as -CH2-, -O- and -SO2-. The curing behavior, viscosity, thermal and mechanical properties of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM)-based bisbenzoxazine (BM) and BZ-Xc copolymers were studied systematically. The results demonstrate that the plasticizing effect and flexibility of the alkyl side chain on BZ-Xc significantly reduced the melting viscosity of BM/BZ-Xc blends and improved the toughness of the copolymers. At the same time, the heat-resistant and mechanical properties of the copolymers were retained, because of the bifunctional structure of BZ-Xc. Moreover, the melting viscosity, glass transition temperature and curing temperature of the corresponding copolymers were increased as the result of rigidity and electron-withdrawing effects of the -SO2- bridging group compared to others.
Influence of polymer concentration in casting solution and solvent-solute-membrane interactions on performance of polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) nanofiltration membrane in alcohol solvents
Authors: Sani N.A.A. , Lau W.J. , Ismail A.F. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this work, the performances of solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) membranes made of polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) were evaluated with respect to alcohol solvent (methanol, ethanol and isopropanol) flux and dye rejection. The experimental results showed that the solvent flux decreased while dye rejection increased with increasing polymer concentration in the casting solution from 17 wt% to 25 wt%. Apart from molecular size of the solute and viscosity of the solvent, the affinity between the solvent and the membrane was also confirmed to play a significant role in affecting the transport rate of the solvent through the membrane. With respect to the effect of solvent properties and solute size on the dye rejection of solvent-dye mixtures, it was found that the variation of dye rejection is governed by solvent-solute-membrane interactions. The solvent-solute interaction causes the same solute to have different solute size in each tested solvents, whereas the solvent-membrane interaction would result in a change in membrane pore size, leading to different separation efficiency. However, it must pointed out that solvent-membrane interaction is more pronounced compared to solvent-solute interaction, as the dye rejection of ethanol solution is reportedly higher than that of methanol, even though the size of solute in ethanol is smaller compared to its size in methanol.
Influence of the redox state on the neptunium sorption under alkaline conditions: Batch sorption studies on titanium dioxide and calcium silicate hydrates
Authors: Tits Jan , Gaona Xavier , Laube Andreas , Wieland Erich 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Wet chemistry experiments were carried out to investigate the effect
of the redox state and aqueous speciation on the uptake of neptunium
by titanium dioxide (TiO2) and by calcium silicate hydrates
(C-S-H) under alkaline conditions. TiO2 was chosen as a reference
sorbent to determine the surface complexation behaviour of neptunium
under alkaline conditions. C-S-H phases are important constituents
of cement and concrete. They may contribute significantly to
radionuclide retention due to their high recrystallization rates
making incorporation the dominating sorption mechanism for many
radionuclides (e.g. the actinides) on these materials. The
sorption of neptunium on both solids was found to depend strongly on
the degree of hydrolysis. On TiO2
R
d values for
Np(IV), Np(V) and Np(VI) are identical at pH = 10 and decrease with
progressing hydrolysis in case of Np(V) and Np(VI). On C-S-H phases,
R
d values for the three redox states are also identical at
pH = 10. While the R
d values for Np(VI) sorption on
C-S-H phases decrease with progressing hydrolysis, the R
d
values for Np(IV) and Np(V) sorption are not affected by the pH. In
addition to the effect of hydrolysis, the presence of Ca is found to
promote Np(V) and Np(VI) sorption on TiO2 whereas on C-S-H
phases, the present wet chemistry data do not give unambiguous
evidence. Thus, the aqueous speciation appears to have a similar
influence on the sorption of the actinides on both types of solids
despite the different sorption mechanism.
The similar R
d values for Np(IV,V,VI) sorption at pH = 10 can be explained qualitatively by invoking inter-ligand electrostatic repulsion between OH groups in the coordination sphere of Np(V) and Np(VI). This mechanism was proposed earlier in the literature for the prediction of actinide complexation constants with inorganic ligands. A limiting coordination number for each Np redox state, resulting from the inter-ligand electrostatic repulsion, allows the weaker sorption of the highest hydrolysed Np(V,VI) species to be explained.
Low velocity impact behaviour of glass fabric/epoxy honeycomb core sandwich composites
Authors: Prakash Antony Arul , Mohan Bangaru , Rajadurai Arunachalam , Jaswin Arockia 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this paper, the low velocity impact characteristics of honeycomb sandwich panels with varying cell sizes such as the maximum load absorbed, absorbed energy and failure modes were investigated. Low-velocity impact tests were carried out at different energy levels using an instrumented drop-weight apparatus as per ASTM D3029-95. Honeycomb core sandwich composite panels were made with glass fabric/epoxy honeycomb core with different cell sizes i.e., 8, 12, 16 and 20 mm using the vacuum bag molding technique. Tests were conducted at impact energies that ranged ranging from 7 to 50 J. The energy absorption mechanism and the damage process are analysed with parameters derived from the load-time and energy-time curves. It is observed that at low energy levels, the core buckles while it gets crushed at higher levels. This buckling of the core is due to damage to the epoxy resin that allows the glass fiber to bend freely, and core crushing is due to the breakage of the glass fiber reinforcement within the core. It is inferred that for a given core height, as the cell size increases, the peak load at which cracking occurs in the face sheet decreases drastically. This is attributed to the fact that a core with a smaller cell size has fewer load paths to distribute the absorbed energy. It is evident from the post impact damage analysis that three types of failure modes occur viz., crack initiation, cracking of the face sheet along with debonding, and the crushing of cells. The common damage pattern observed on the front facing has a square shape which is the same as the shape of the indentor.
Anwendung der Leaky Lamb-Welle im akustischen
Wellenleiter zur Messung von
Flüssigkeitseigenschaften
Authors: Rautenberg Jens , Faustmann Hendrik , Münch Michael 
Published: May 2014

Zusammenfassung
Wenn sich eine Lamb-Welle auf einer einseitig mit Flüssigkeit beladenen
Platte ausbreitet, strahlt sie einen Teil ihrer Energie in die
Flüssigkeit ab. Dort kann sie als Leaky-Welle im Zickzack zwischen zwei
Platten geführt werden. Mit jeder Reflektion konvertiert die Welle
teilweise zurück, was auf den Empfangssignalen einen charakteristischen
Fingerabdruck hinterlässt, den es auszuwerten gilt. Dazu wird in Theorie
und Praxis eine neue Methode vorgestellt, die alle Zustandsvariablen der
Flüssigkeit (Schallgeschwindigkeit, Dichte, Temperatur und
Viskosität) und deren Einfluss auf die Empfangssignalparameter bei der
Auswertung berücksichtigt.
Burning Rate of Composite Propellants under the Conditions of Strain
Authors: Hu Songqi , Chen Jing , Wu Guanjie , Liu Yingji , Hua Yijin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this work, a correlation between propellant burning rate and strain was established. In order to investigate the effects of strain and pressure, and to measure burning rate of composite propellants, a novel apparatus was designed and prepared. Burning rates of three formula composite propellants under different pressures and strains were measured using such device. Based on the measurements, a model for the analysis on the experimental results was proposed. It was demonstrated that the model corresponded with the experimental data if the propellant samples were under tensile strain increasing from 0 to 20%. Burning rate ratio and tensile strain obeyed the quadratic relationship, burning rate increased with strain, but there was no mutation in less than 20% deformation. Furthermore, burning rate ratio of composite propellants which had low Poisson ratio increased fast as tensile strain decreased. And the less binder component of composite propellants, the burning ratio changed more significantly under a given strain state. In addition, as the exposed area increased, the burning rate ratio became larger.
TRANSLATION PRACTICE AND TRANSLATION THEORY-A ONE-SIDED AFFAIR? CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE UTILITY OF LINGUISTICS FOR TRANSLATION
Authors: Gotz Katrin 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This article reflects on the nature of the relationship between translation practice and translation theory and comes to the conclusion that translation theory often does not seem to play a major role in the practical process of translation. The article goes on to argue that linguistic analysis of the source text can help to determine and to understand different levels of meaning, both of which processes are considered to be crucial for the task of translating a text.
"Two Times 'Geronimo''': Changes in the Representation of Native American History in Film
Authors: Bungert Heike 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper investigates how far historical developments and the New Indian History influenced Hollywood movies. As a case study it looks at Geronimo (1962) and Geronimo: An American Legend (1993). The movie Geronimo, the first more sympathetic treatment of the Apache leader, is barely interested in historical events, puts most of the blame for Geronimo's 1885 breakout on corrupt whites, and, in a happy ending, portrays Geronimo as slowly converting to white ways. Geronimo: An American Legend, filmed after twenty years of Native American struggle for their. rights, uses American Indian actors, has them speak in Apache, and is historically more accurate; yet, it does not focus on Geronimo but portrays instead his chase by white Americans as well as their (and the audience's) efforts to co me to grips with their guilt. The Apaches are presented as noble, heroic Indians vanishing in an inevitable dash of cultures. Although progress has been made in portraying Native Americans and their culture in film, the Hollywood view is still deficient.
John Ford's Rio Grande: Momism, the Cold War, and the American Frontier
Authors: Glasenapp Jörn 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Undoubtedly, John Ford's Rio Grande can be regarded as a prime example of the so-called Cold War Western. Released in November 1950, the film was read by many film critics as the director's right-wing statement on the Korea crisis. Sharing this view, my analysis will show to what a high degree Rio Grande supported the conservative gender politics of American postwar society, which, as Elaine Tyler May and others persuasively argue, fought communism not· only in remote parts of the world but also and especially in the family, with women, and mothers in particular, blamed for involuntarily supporting the 'red' infiltration.
The Layering of History in Peckinpah's The Wild Bunch
Authors: Adams Jon-K 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
After being ambushed in Starbuck, Texas, the men of the Wild Bunch flee to Mexico where they become involved in the Mexican Revolution. At first they help the federal troops, but later they change sides and try to help the revolutionaries. In addition to the Mexican Revolution, two other wars are layered into the narrative: the First World War and the Vietnam War. This layering of historical events adds depth to the movie by justifying its depiction of violence, especially in the apocalyptic ending, and by establishing an analogy between the Wild Bunch in Mexico and American intervention in Vietnam. In terms of this analogy, the failure of the Wild Bunch to help the peasants in Mexico parallels the failure of America to help the peasants in Vietnam.