bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of succinic acid cross‐linking and mono‐phosphorylation of oxidized cassava starch on its paste viscosity stability and sizability
Authors: Zhu Zhifeng , Zheng Hao , Li Xiaochun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOxidized cassava starch (OCS) was cross‐linked with succinic acid (SA) and then phosphorylated with sodium tripolyphosphate to improve viscosity stability and usability of OCS for warp sizing. The level of cross‐linking (LCL) and the degree of substitution (DS) of the phosphorylation were determined according to the stability, water dispersibility, adhesion‐to‐fibers, desizability, aerobic biodegradation, and film properties of the cross‐linked and phosphorylated OCS. The cross‐linking exhibited significant effects on the stability, water dispersibility, adhesion, film properties, and desizability, but was less sensitive to the biodegradation. The phosphorylation after cross‐linking not only showed active effect on the usability, but also did not exhibit any adverse influence upon the stability. Suitable LCL and DS values resulted in stable viscosity, strong adhesion‐to‐fiber, tough starch film, and good desizability. Low LCL and DS could be employed to enhance the stability and improve the usability of OCS for warp sizing. Based on the stability and usability, the LCL and DS values were recommended to be 1 cross‐link for 370‐590 AGU units and 0.038, respectively.
A fractal analysis approach for predicting starch retrogradation from X‐ray diffractograms
Authors: Utrilla‐Coello Rubi G. , Bello‐Perez Luis A. , Lara Victor H. , Vernon‐Carter Eduardo J. , Alvarez‐Ramirez Jose 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCommonly, the interpretation of starch XRD patterns is hampered by the lack of sharp intensity peaks and the presence of a broad background band. This work proposes a fractal analysis approach for the analysis of XRD patterns obtained from starches. The idea behind the fractal analysis approach is that the broad background pattern contains information pertaining the complexity of the material structure that presumably is arranged within fractal geometries. Thus, the quest is to detect regularities reflected as auto‐correlations of the complex intensity signal. The fractal rescaled range (R/S) analysis is proposed in this work to obtain an index for the regularity of the complex intensity signal. In turn, such regularity index should reflect the regularity of the complex starch structure. The approach is illustrated with native starches from maize, banana, and potato, showing that the former is more regular (i.e. more ordered starch structure) than the latter two. Gelatinization is used to contrast the fractal analysis results. In turn, it is shown that gelatinized starches exhibit a nearly amorphous structure reflected as non‐correlated XRD sequences.
Our Expedition in Eight‐Membered Ring Compounds: From Planar Dehydrocyclooctenes to Tub‐Shaped Chiral Tetraphenylenes
Authors: Han Jian‐Wei , Li Xin , Wong Henry N. C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOur research focus for almost forty years concerning eight‐membered ring compounds is herein summarized. The design and preparation of these structurally unique compounds featuring a central cyclooctene ring are described in the context of their planar or tub‐shaped conformations. Furthermore, their intrinsic properties and potential applications are also presented.
Array comparative genomic hybridization and fetal congenital heart defects: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jansen F. A. R. , Blumenfeld Y. J. , Fisher A. , Cobben J. M. , Odibo A. O. , Borrell A. , Haak M. C. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveArray comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique that is able to detect the presence of copy number variants (CNVs) within the genome. The detection rate of imbalances by aCGH compared to standard karyotyping and 22q11 microdeletion analysis by fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH), in the setting of prenatally‐diagnosed cardiac malformations, has been reported in several studies. The objective of our study was to perform a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis to document the additional diagnostic gain of using aCGH in cases of congenital heart disease (CHD) diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound examination, with the aim of assisting clinicians to determine whether aCGH analysis is warranted when an ultrasonographic diagnosis of CHD is made, and to guide counseling in this setting.MethodsArticles in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases from January 2007 to September 2014 describing CNVs in prenatal cases of CHD were included. Search terms were: ‘array comparative genomic hybridization’, ‘copy number variants’ and ‘fetal congenital heart defects’. Articles regarding karyotyping or 22q11 deletion only were excluded.ResultsThirteen publications (including 1131 cases of CHD) met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. Meta‐analysis indicated an incremental yield of 7.0% (95% CI, 5.3–8.6%) for the detection of CNVs using aCGH, excluding aneuploidy and 22q11 microdeletion cases. Subgroup results showed a 3.4% (95% CI, 0.3–6.6%) incremental yield in isolated CHD cases, and 9.3% (95% CI,  6.6–12%) when extracardiac malformations were present. Overall, an incremental yield of 12% (95% CI, 7.6–16%) was found when 22q11 deletion cases were included. There was an additional yield of 3.4% (95% CI, 2.1–4.6%) for detecting variants of unknown significance (VOUS).ConclusionsIn this review we provide an overview of published data and discuss the benefits and limitations of using aCGH. If karyotyping and 22q11 microdeletion analysis by FISH are normal, using aCGH has additional value, detecting pathogenic CNVs in 7.0% of prenatally diagnosed CHD, with a 3.4% additional yield of detecting VOUS. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Establishment of spatial pattern
Authors: Slack Jonathan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn overview and perspective are presented of mechanisms for the development of spatial pattern in animal embryos. It is intended both for new entrants to developmental biology and for specialists in other fields, with only a basic knowledge of animal life cycles being required. The first event of pattern formation is normally the localization of a cytoplasmic determinant in the egg, either during oogenesis or post‐fertilization. Following cleavage to a multicellular stage, some cells contain the determinant and others do not. The determinant confers a specific developmental pathway on the cells that contain it, often making them the source of the first extracellular signal, or inducing factor. Inducing factors often form concentration gradients to which cells respond by up or downregulating genes at various concentration thresholds. This enables an initial situation consisting of two cell states (with or without the determinant) to generate a multistate pattern. Multiple rounds of gradient signaling, interspersed with phases of morphogenetic movements, can generate a complex pattern using a small number of signals and responding genes. Development proceeds in a hierarchical manner, with broad body subdivisions being specified initially, and becoming successively subdivided to give individual organs and tissues composed of multiple cell types in a characteristic arrangement. Double gradient models can account for embryonic regulation, whereby a similarly proportioned body pattern is formed following removal of material. Processes that are involved at the later stages include the formation of repeating structures by the combination of an oscillator with a gradient, and the formation of tissues with one cell type scattered in a background of another through a process called lateral inhibition. This set of processes make up a ‘developmental toolkit’ which can be deployed in various sequences and combinations to generate a very wide variety of structures and cell types. WIREs Dev Biol 2014, 3:379–388. doi: 10.1002/wdev.144This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cytoplasmic Localization
Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Gradients
Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Repeating Patterns and Lateral Inhibition
H2 generation from alkaline electrolyzer
Authors: Bodner Merit , Hofer Astrid , Hacker Viktor 
Published: October 2014

Water electrolysis is a promising approach to hydrogen production from renewable energy sources. Even though it is not necessarily environmentally friendly and a large number of possible feedstocks for hydrogen production include fossil resources such as coal, natural gas, and mineral oil, but also biomass, water, and components such as ethanol, methane, or ammonia can be used for hydrogen production. Also, a large variety of different energy sources can be used for hydrogen production. The combination of hydrogen production with renewable energy systems, such as photovoltaics, hydropower, or wind energy is very suitable though. Many innovative processes have been subject to intense research and some have already reached high efficiencies. Alkaline water electrolyzers with anion‐conducting membranes hold many advantages in comparison to other systems. As cheaper, non‐noble metals are stable in alkaline media, the relatively low cost of the electrode materials is one of the main advantages of alkaline systems over electrolyzers using proton‐conducting electrolytes. Therefore, the main part of published literature on alkaline electrolysis describes electrodes based on low cost materials such as nickel for both anode and cathode. Yet still alkaline water electrolyzers have to compete against other forms of hydrogen production, such as steam reforming of natural gas. Even though many studies expect water electrolysis to become economically viable on a long‐term basis, conventional hydrogen production is still hard to under‐price. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:365–381. doi: 10.1002/wene.150This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by S-doping
Authors: Li Z. J. , Wang L. , Su Y. J. , Liu P. , Zhang Y. F. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
An approach was presented for synthesis of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by sulfur (S) doping with the method of graphite arc discharge. Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and electronic properties measurements indicated the semconducting properties of the SWNTs samples. Simulant calculation indicated that S doping could induce convertion of metallic SWNTs into semiconducting ones. This strategy may pave a way for the direct synthesis of pure semiconducting SWNTs.
The electrical switching characteristics of single copper tetra-cyanoquinodimethane nanowire
Authors: Zheng K. B. , Shen H. T. , Ye C. N. , Li J. L. , Sun D. L. , Chen G. R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this paper, method combined vapor transportation with in-situ chemical reaction is employed to synthesize Cu(TCNQ) nanowires. The typical diameter of nanowires is 50–500 nm with high uniformity. The electrical switching characteristics of single nanowire are observed. The ON-OFF resistance ratio for switching reaches 104. The investigation reveals a linear relationship between the switching threshold and the spacing between the two electrodes. The temporal response of the switching process is 30 ns and the switch exhibits good reproducibility. The collapse of the nanowire under the condition of current surge is also discussed. It is believed that the Cu(TCNQ) nanowire could be promising for applications in nanoelectronics.
Optical properties of ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO nanocrystals by vapor phase transport processes
Authors: Wang Z. , Ma X. Y. , Song J. W. , Yao J. H. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this paper we investigated the optical properties of ZnO and Mn doped ZnO nanocrystals that were fabricated by a vapor phase transport growth process, using zinc acetate dihydrate with or without Mn in a constant O2/Ar mixture gas flowing through the furnace at 400≈600°C, respectively. The as grown ZnO nanocrystals are homogeneous with a mean size of 19 nm observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The optical characteristics were analyzed by absorption spectra and photoluminescence (PL) spectra at room-temperature. For ZnO nanocrystals, a strong and predominant UV emission peaked at 377 nm was found in the PL spectra. For Mn doped ZnO nanocrystals, in addition to the strong UV emission, a strong blue emission peaked at 435 nm was observed as well. By doping Mn ions, the major UV emission shifts from 377 nm to 408 nm, showing that Mn ions were not only incorporated into ZnO Ncs, but also introduced an impurity level in the bandgap. Moreover, with the concentration of Mn increasing, the relative intensities of the two emissions change largely, and the photoluminescence mechanism of them is discussed.
Experimental evidence for the formation mechanism of metallic catalyst-free carbon nanotubes
Authors: Tang Y. H. , Li X. C. , Li J. L. , Lin L. W. , Xu H. F. , Huang B. Y. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Our work reported that the so-called pure carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be synthesized without metallic catalyst by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The as-prepared CNTs have average diameter of 50 nm and length over several microns. Analysis of intermediate objects in the products indicates that their formation mechanism follows the wire-to-tube model. Besides, according to thermodynamic analysis of the driving force combing with experimental results, we find that the thermal gradient can effectively favor the formation of CNTs in our metallic catalyst-free CVD.
Influence of plasma condition on carbon nanotube growth by rf-PECVD
Authors: Man Y. H. , Li Z. C. , Zhang Z. J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been synthesized from Ar-CH4 mixtures using rf-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (rf-PECVD) at 500°C. Reduction gases such as H2 and NH3 were found unnecessary for carbon nanotube formation compared to thermal CVD. The relationship between the growth of CNTs and the plasma condition in PECVD has been investigated by in situ self bias measurement. Plasma conditions were controlled by changing the interelectrode distance, rf power and the applied substrate negative bias. By increasing the interelectrode distance and rf power, the spatial density of CNTs was on a rise as a result of the increase in ions density and self bias. As the applied substrate negative bias increased, the spatial density of CNTs decreased possibly due to the positive ions over bombarding effect.
State-space approach to vibration of gold nano-beam induced by ramp type heating
Authors: Youssef Hamdy M. , Elsibai Khaled A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In the nanoscale beam, two effects become domineering. One is the non-Fourier effect in heat conduction and the other is the coupling effect between temperature and strain rate. In the present study, a generalized solution for the generalized thermoelastic vibration of gold nano-beam resonator induced by ramp type heating is developed. The solution takes into account the above two effects. State-space and Laplace transform methods are used to determine the lateral vibration, the temperature, the displacement, the stress and the strain energy of the beam. The effects of the relaxation time and the ramping time parameters have been studied.
Current sustainability and electromigration of Pd, Sc and Y thin-films as potential interconnects
Authors: Yang Yong , Xu Shengyong , Xie Sishen , Peng Lian-Mao 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The progress on novel interconnects for carbon nanotube (CNT)-based electronic circuit is by far behind the remarkable development of CNT-field effect transistors. The Cu interconnect material used in current integrated circuits seems not applicable for the novel interconnects, as it requires electrochemical deposition followed by chemical-mechanical polishing. We report our experimental results on the failure current density, resistivity, electromigration effect and failure mechanism of patterned stripes of Pd, Sc and Y thin-films, regarding them as the potential novel interconnects. The Pd stripes have a failure current density of (8∼10)×106 A/cm2 (MA/cm2), and they are stable when the working current density is as much as 90% of the failure current density. However, they show a resistivity around 210 μΩ·cm, which is 20 times of the bulk value and leaving room for improvement. Compared to Pd, the Sc stripes have a similar resistivity but smaller failure current density of 4∼5 MA/cm2. Y stripes seem not suitable for interconnects by showing even lower failure current density than that of Sc and evidence of oxidation. For comparison, Au stripes of the same dimensions show a failure current density of 30 MA/cm2 and a resistivity around 4 μΩ·cm, making them also a good material as novel interconnects.
Nanofluid Applications in Future Automobiles: Comprehensive Review of Existing Data
Authors: Senthilraja S. , Karthikeyan M. , Gangadevi R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn recent years fluids containing suspension of nanometer sized particles have been an active area of research due to their enhanced thermo physical properties over the base fluids like water, oil etc. Nanofluids possess immense potential applications to improve heat transfer and energy efficient in several areas including automobile, micro electronics, nuclear, space and power generation. Nowadays most of the researchers are trying to use the nanofluids in automobile for various applications such as coolant, fuel additives, lubricant, shock absorber and refrigerant. The goal of this paper is to create the awareness on the promise of nanofluids and the impact it will have on the future automotive industry. This paper also presents a comprehensive data of nanofluids application in automobile for various aspects.
Relating Coalition Capacity to the Adoption of Science‐Based Prevention in Communities: Evidence from a Randomized Trial of Communities That Care
Authors: Shapiro Valerie B. , Oesterle Sabrina , Hawkins J. David 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCoalition‐based efforts that use a science‐based approach to prevention can improve the wellbeing of community youth. This study measured several coalition capacities that are hypothesized to facilitate the adoption of a science‐based approach to prevention in communities. Using data from 12 coalitions participating in a community‐randomized trial of the prevention strategy Communities That Care (CTC), this paper describes select measurement properties of five salient coalition capacities (member substantive knowledge of prevention, member acquisition of new skills, member attitudes toward CTC, organizational linkages, and influence on organizations), as reported by coalition members, and examines the degree to which these capacities facilitated the community leader reports of the community‐wide adoption of a science‐based approach to prevention. Findings indicated that the five coalition capacities could be reliably measured using coalition member reports. Meta‐regression analyses found that CTC had a greater impact on the adoption of a science‐based prevention approach in 12 matched pairs of control and CTC communities where the CTC coalition had greater member (new skill acquisition) and organizational capacities (organizational linkages).
Clomiphene citrate affects the receptivity of the uterine endometrium
Authors: Nakagawa Koji , Kaneyama Masayo , Nishi Yayoi , Sugiyama Rie , Motoyama Hiroshi , Sugiyama Rikikazu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether clomiphene citrate (CC) affects uterine receptivity or not, we evaluated pregnancy rates (PR) during the hormone replacement cycle (HRC) according to the period between the last day of CC administration and the day of embryo transfer (ET).MethodsFrom March 2008 through March 2010, a total of 378 treatment cycles among 378 patients who received CC and had to avoid fresh ET due to a thin uterine endometrium were recruited. All patients underwent thawed ET using HRC. PRs were evaluated according to the period between the last CC treatment and the day of ET.ResultsPR for the groups in which the period between the last CC treatment and the day of ET increased to more than 91 days were significantly higher than that for group in which the period was less than 90 days (p < 0.05).ConclusionsA lower PR was shown by the patients who underwent thawed ET in the HRC within 90 days after their last CC treatment, which shows that CC affects the receptivity of the uterine endometrium.
CoFe2O4-Graphene Nanocomposites Synthesized through An Ultrasonic Method with Enhanced Performances as Anode Materials for Li-ion Batteries
Authors: Xiao Yinglin , Li Xiaomin , Zai Jiantao , Wang Kaixue , Gong Yong , Li Bo , Han Qianyan , Qian Xuefeng 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCoFe2O4-graphene nanosheets (CoFe2O4-GNSs) were synthesized through an ultrasonic method, and their electrochemical performances as Li-ion battery electrode were improved by annealing processes. The nanocomposites obtained at 350 °C maintained a high specific capacity of 1,257 mAh g−1 even after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. Furthermore, the obtained materials also have better rate capability, and it can be maintained to 696, 495, 308, and 254 mAh g−1 at 1, 2, 5, and 10 A g−1, respectively. The enhancements realized in the reversible capacity and cyclic stability can be attributed to the good improvement in the electrical conductivity achieved by annealing at appropriate temperature, and the electrochemical nature of CoFe2O4 and GNSs during discharge–charge processes.
Graphical Abstract
CoFe2O4-graphene nanocomposites (CoFe2O4-GNSs) have been synthesized through an ultrasonic method combined with calcination process. The nanocomposite calcinated at 350 °C shows better rate capabilities, e.g., 696, 495, 308, and 254 mAh g−1 at 1, 2, 5, and 10 A g−1, respectively.
Introduction
Authors: Forsberg Tuomas , Heller Regina , Wolf Reinhard 
Published: October 2014

The importance of status concerns on Russia’s foreign policy agenda has been increasingly observed. This preoccupation with status is particularly visible in Russia’s relations with the West. Although strong claims about status in Russian foreign policy are frequently made in public and private by researchers, journalists, politicians, diplomats and other commentators, such claims often lack any closer theoretical or empirical justification. The aim of this introductory article is, therefore, to outline the basic components that form the research agenda on status. Status, if properly examined, helps us understand not only Russian foreign policy, put also present-day international politics and its transformation in a broader sense.
In a first part, we identify the theoretical voids concerning the study of international status. In a second part we outline the drivers and logic of status concerns, considering in particular identity theories, psychological approaches and existing research regarding emotions. The presented research agenda on status, derived from International Relations and related theories, provides a well-structured tool-box for investigating the link between status, identity and emotions in Russian foreign policy vis-à-vis the West. In a third part we present the key questions rose by the contributors to this Special Issue and summarize their main findings.