bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XXL.—On the Anatomy of Ocnerodrilus (Eisen)
Authors: Beddard Frank E. 
Published: January 2013

The worms which form the subject of the present communication were forwarded to me, in a living condition, from Kew Gardens.I have received lately a considerable number of living Oligochæta from those Gardens, through the kindness of Mr Dyer, who permitted me to have the earth arriving from different parts of the world in the Wardian cases, in which plants are packed for travelling, thoroughly sifted, with a view to preserving the worms which had been accidentally included. By these means I have succeeded in obtaining some very interesting new forms, as well as a number of others which are still imperfectly known. The species which I describe in the present paper appears to be a new species of Eisen's genus Ocnerodrilus. The genus Ocnerodrilus was formed by Eisen in 1878 [1] for a small worm found in Fresno County, California. The specimens were all met with in “an irrigation box,” where they were found crawling among the algæ which covered the boards. It is evidently, therefore, aquatic in its habits, but Eisen contrasts its slow movements with the rapid swimming of Lumbriculus and Rhynchelmis, comparing it in general appearance with a small species of Lumbricus.
XXII.—The Maltese Fossil Echinoidea, and their Evidence on the Correlation of the Maltese Rocks
Authors: Gregory J. W. , Murray John 
Published: January 2013

The rocks which form the Maltese islands have been at various times referred to very different parts of the Cainozoic group. At first they were all assigned to the Eocene, but a further knowledge of their fossils led to the transference of the whole series to the Miocene, in which system they have been included by most English writers. Herr Th. Fuchs, However, who first attempted any precise determination of the horizons of the subdivisions, correlated the Upper Limestone with the Leithakalk and the Blue Clay with the Schlier, and included the two lowest beds in the Oligocene. Dr Murray, however, in the course of his recent Memoir, has explained the striking palæontological differences between the faunas of the different deposits as due to altered conditions of formation rather than to lapse of time, and seems to follow earlier authors in including the whole series in the Miocene.The Echinoidea of these deposits were originally described by Dr Wright in 1855,§ with additions and corrections in 1864; but since that time much work has been done on the allied faunas.
XI.—A Late-glacial Site at Loch Droma, Ross and Cromarty
Authors: Kirk W. , Godwin H. , Charlesworth J. K. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisExcavations in 1958 for the construction of a dam at Loch Droma, Ross and Cromarty, revealed a deep and extensive section in peat and Late-glacial silts. The section was surveyed, its environs studied, and samples of materials analyzed by the Macaulay Institute, Aberdeen, and the Sub-department of Quaternary Research, University of Cambridge. The watershed location of the site, the early radio-carbon date obtained for the basal silts (12,810 ± 155 B.P.), and the nature of their organic contents, make this a critical site for the elucidation of the deglaciation and vegetational history of the Atlantic seaboard of North-west Scotland. In Part I of this report, W. Kirk describes the site and its setting, and indicates some of the problems it raises for existing glacial chronologies of Northern Scotland, and in Part II, H. Godwin summarizes and comments upon the analyses of organic remains.
An experimental setup for autonomous operation of surface vessels in rough seas
Authors: Mahini Farshad , DiWilliams Leonard , Burke Kevin , Ashrafiuon Hashem 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYA small-scale experimental setup for autonomous target tracking of a surface vessel in the presence of obstacles is presented. The experiments are performed in simulated rough seas through wave, current, and wind generation in a small indoor pool. Absolute position of the agent and the target as well as the obstacle size and position are provided through an overhead camera by detecting color light emitting diodes installed on all objects. Ordinary differential equations with stable limit-cycle solutions are used to define transitional trajectories around obstacles based on the camera data. A sliding mode control law is implemented for real-time tracking control which is capable of rejecting large disturbances from the generated waves and wind. The sliding mode control signals are sent to wireless receivers on the autonomous vessel where a proportional integral speed controller maintains the commanded speed. A special scaling method is presented to show that the environmental forces are similar to those of moderate through high sea states. Several experiments are presented where the autonomous vessel catches and follows a target boat moving in arbitrary trajectories in both the presence and absence of obstacles.
IV. Extract from Inspection Report of the Island of Trinidad, made in the year 1816, by the Inspector of Hospitals, in conjunction with the Quarter-Master General and Chief Engineer for the Windward and Leeward Colonies of the West Indies
Authors: Ferguson William 
Published: January 2013

Having heard at Port-of-Spain of an appearance that went by the name of the Mud Volcanoes, we took the opportunity when surveying the southern quarter of Trinidad, to examine them. They are situated near Point Icaque, the southern extremity of the island, on an alluvial tongue of land, that has been appended to the primitive rocks, where no doubt the land originally terminated. This appendage is several miles in length, and points directly into one of the mouths of the Oronoko, on the mainland, about twelve or fifteen miles off.We landed nearly opposite to where we were told we should find the mud volcanoes, and after making our way about five miles through the woods, across the sandy isthmus, we came upon two plantations very pleasantly situated, amidst a group of remarkable round little hills, each from eighty to a hundred feet in height.
IX. On Circular Polarisation, as exhibited in the Optical Structure of the Amethyst, with Remarks on the Distribution of the Colouring Matter in that Mineral
Authors: Brewster David 
Published: January 2013

In plates of Rock-Crystal cut perpendicular to the axis of the prism, an unusual kind of polarisation had been observed in the colours seen along the axis. The phenomena were subsequently analysed by M. Biot, who remarked, that in some specimens of quartz, the succession of tints appeared by turning the doubly refracting prism from right to left, while in other specimens the same succession was developed by turning the prism from left to right; and he concluded from his experiments, that the quartz impressed upon the particles of light a rotatory motion, and that this property belonged to the ultimate particles of silex, and was independent of their mode of aggregation.The same species of colours was afterwards observed, about the same time, by MM. Biot and Seebeck, in transmitting polarised light through considerable thicknesses of some essential oils, and solutions of sugar and camphor; and this new fact seemed to confirm the supposition that the colours were not dependent upon crystallisation.
Progenitor Evolution and Dark Energy Time Variation from CLASH SNe Ia
Authors: Regős Enikő ,   CLASH Collaboration
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe nature and timescales behind the growth of the white dwarf toward the Chandrasekhar mass are not known. The two leading competing scenarios for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are accretion from a companion [single degenerate (SD)] or merger with another white dwarf [double degenerate (DD)]. Measurement of the SNe Ia delay time distribution could distinguish between these scenarios. Possibly both channels operate, on short (SD) and long (DD) time scales. A supernova search in parallel with our Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble extends the Hubble diagram of SNe Ia to z > 1.5, probing progenitor evolution and testing the constancy of dark energy (DE) with time. We use HST ACS to detect SNe Ia at 1 < z < 1.5 and WFC3 to find SNe Ia at 1.5 < z < 2.5, thus providing constraints for the variation in the DE equation of state. This redshift epoch provides the unique chance to test SNe Ia distance measurements for the deleterious effects of evolution independent of our ignorance of dark energy. Our program provides the first measurement of the SNe Ia rate at z ~ 2.
The Formation and Evolution of ONe White Dwarfs: Prospects for Accretion Induced Collapse
Authors: García–Berro Enrique 
Published: January 2013

AbstractI review our current understanding of the evolution of stars which experience carbon burning under conditions of partial electron degeneracy and ultimately become thermally pulsing “super” asymptotic giant branch (SAGB) stars with electron-degenerate cores composed primarily of oxygen and neon. The range in stellar mass over which this occurs is very narrow and the interior evolutionary characteristics vary rapidly over this range. Consequently, while those stars with larger masses (~11 M⊙) are likely to undergo electron-capture accretion induced collapse, those models with smaller masses (8.5 ≲ M/M⊙ ≲ 10.5) will presumably form massive (M ≳ 1.1 M⊙) white dwarfs. The final outcome depends sensitively on the adopted mass-loss rates, the chemical composition of the massive envelopes, and on the adopted prescription for convective mixing.
Spin-Up/Spin-Down Models
Authors: Di Stefano R. , Voss R. , Claeys J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAngular momentum transport plays an important role in mass transfer systems, and can significantly spin up an accreting star. When the accretor is a white dwarf (WD) on its way to becoming a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia), the spin up of the WD can have significant consequences for the appearance of the progenitor, the characteristics of the explosion and its aftermath, the geometry of the supernova remnant, and for single-degenerate models, the appearance of the donor star post-explosion. These consequences can be “game changers”, altering results that have long been taken for granted. We discuss key features of our spin-up/spin-down models and their implications. We relate our models to work still needed to address the difficult physical issues related to angular momentum transport and its effects on the properties and appearance of Type Ia supernova progenitors.
Classical and Recurrent Nova Models
Authors: José Jordi , Casanova Jordi , García–Berro Enrique , Hernanz Margarita , Shore Steven N. , Calder Alan C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRemarkable progress in the understanding of nova outbursts has been achieved through combined efforts in photometry, spectroscopy and numerical simulations. According to the thermonuclear runaway model, novae are powered by thermonuclear explosions in the hydrogen-rich envelopes transferred from a low-mass stellar companion onto a close white dwarf star. Extensive numerical simulations in 1-D have shown that the accreted envelopes attain peak temperatures ranging between 108 and 4 × 108 K, for about several hundred seconds, hence allowing extensive nuclear processing which eventually shows up in the form of nucleosynthetic fingerprints in the ejecta. Indeed, it has been claimed that novae can play a certain role in the enrichment of the interstellar medium through a number of intermediate-mass elements. This includes 17O, 15N, and 13C, systematically overproduced with respect to solar abundances, plus a lower contribution in a number of other species (A < 40), such as 7Li, 19F, or 26Al. At the turn of the XXI Century, classical novae have entered the era of multidimensional models, which provide a new insight into the physical mechanisms that drive mixing at the core-envelope interface.In this review, we will present hydrodynamic models of classical novae, from the onset of accretion up to the explosion and ejection stages, both for classical and recurrent novae, with special emphasis on their gross observational properties and their associated nucleosynthesis. The impact of nuclear uncertainties on the final yields will be discussed. Recent results from 2-D models of mixing during classical nova outbursts will also be presented.
Detecting Double Degenerate Progenitors of SNe Ia with LISA
Authors: Stroeer Alexander , Benacquista Matthew , Ceballos Frank 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Galactic population of close white dwarf binaries is expected to provide the largest number of gravitational wave sources for low frequency detectors such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Current data analysis techniques have demonstrated the capability of resolving on the order of 104 white dwarf binaries from a 2 year observation. Resolved binaries are either at high frequencies or large amplitudes. Such systems are more likely to be high-mass binaries, a subset of which will be progenitors of SNe Ia in the double degenerate scenario. We report on results of a study of the properties of resolved binaries using a population synthesis model of the Galactic white dwarf binaries and a LISA data analysis algorithm using Mock LISA Data Challenge tools.
Theoretical Delay Time Distributions
Authors: Nelemans Gijs , Toonen Silvia , Bours Madelon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe briefly discuss the method of population synthesis to calculate theoretical delay time distributions of Type Ia supernova progenitors. We also compare the results of different research groups and conclude that, although one of the main differences in the results for single degenerate progenitors is the retention efficiency with which accreted hydrogen is added to the white dwarf core, this alone cannot explain all the differences.
Type Ia Supernovae and Supersoft X-ray Sources
Authors: Yungelson L. R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe rates of SNe Ia for double-degenerate and single-degenerate scenarios are computed for the models of spiral and elliptical galaxies. The number of nuclear burning white dwarfs (NBWDs) is traced. The data favors the double-degenerate scenario and suggests a lower number of NBWDs per unit mass in ellipticals. Their lower average mass is one of the reasons for the difference in the number of supersoft X-ray sources observed in the galaxies of different types.
On the Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Livio Mario 
Published: January 2013

AbstractI propose two new means of identifying the main class of progenitors of Type Ia supernovae – single or double degenerate: (i) If the range of supernova properties is significantly determined by the range of viewing angles of non-spherically symmetric explosions, then the nature of the correlation between polarization and another property (for example, the velocity gradient) can be used to determine the geometry of the asymmetry and hence the nature of the progenitor, and (ii) in the double- but not in the single-degenerate case, the range in the observed properties (e.g., velocity gradients) is likely to increase with the amount of carbon seen in the ejecta.
Forschung in der Psychologie
Authors: Witte Erich H. , Strohmeier Charlotte E. 
Published: January 2013

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die disziplinäre Matrix ( vgl. Kuhn, 1974 , 1978 ) der Psychologie im Vergleich zur Physik, Biologie und Sozialwissenschaft in Hinsicht auf die Forschungsmethoden in diesen Disziplinen. 1200 Forschungsleiter und Mitarbeiter von DFG-geförderten Projekten wurden gebeten einen Online-Fragebogen zu ihrer Forschungsmethodik auszufüllen. Die resultierende Gesamtstichprobe umfasst n = 594 Projekte. Eine grundsätzliche Vergleichbarkeit der Disziplinen zeigt sich in den Korrelationen ihrer Korrelationsmatrizen und in der Faktorenanalyse. Eine einfaktorielle Varianzanalyse ergab methodologische Unterschiede zwischen den Fächern, die sich bei dem Vergleich von prototypischen Projekten noch deutlicher gestalteten. Akademische Prototypen sind hier solche Projekte, die einem Fach angehören und gleichzeitig dem Cluster, das durch eine Mehrheit desselben Fachs bestimmt ist. Für die Psychologie zeigen die Ergebnisse eine deutlichere Orientierung am quantitativ-hypothesentestenden Ansatz als in allen anderen Fächern. Die prototypische Psychologie konzentriert sich außerdem stärker auf das Testen von Theorien als alle anderen Fächer.
12-Step Participation and Outcomes over 7 Years among Adolescent Substance Use Patients with and without Psychiatric Comorbidity
Authors: Chi Felicia W. , Sterling Stacy , Campbell Cynthia I. , Weisner Constance 
Published: January 2013

This study examines the associations between 12-step participation and outcomes over 7 years among 419 adolescent substance use patients with and without psychiatric comorbidities. Although level of participation decreased over time for both groups, comorbid adolescents participated in 12-step groups at comparable or higher levels across time points. Results from mixed-effects logistic regression models indicated that for both groups, 12-step participation was associated with both alcohol and drug abstinence at follow-ups, increasing the likelihood of either by at least 3 times. Findings highlight the potential benefits of 12-step participation in maintaining long-term recovery for adolescents with and without psychiatric disorders.
Direct comparison of the diagnostic capability of cardiac magnetic resonance and endomyocardial biopsy in patients with heart failure
Authors: Yoshida Akemi , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue , Yamada Naoaki , Kanzaki Hideaki , Hasegawa Takuya , Takahama Hiroyuki , Amaki Makoto , Asakura Masanori , Kitakaze Masafumi 
Published: January 2013

AimsThe diagnostic performance of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has not been compared with that of other imaging modalities. Therefore, this study investigated the diagnostic capabilities of CMR and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) in patients with heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsWe studied 136 patients with cardiomyopathy who underwent both CMR and EMB. Independent diagnoses were made according to the results of (i) CMR alone; (ii) EMB alone; (iii) clinical data plus echocardiogram; (iv) clinical data, echocardiogram, plus CMR; and (v) clinical data, echocardiogram, plus EMB. These diagnoses were then compared with the final diagnosis (gold standard) that was made using the complete clinical data, including EMB and CMR. The sensitivities of the diagnosis strategies of (i–v) relative to the final diagnosis were 67, 79, 86, 97, and 100%, respectively. CMR alone demonstrated better sensitivity for cardiac sarcoidosis and greater specificity for dilated cardiomyopathy than EMB alone. CMR also tended to show better sensitivity for hypertensive heart disease. There was no difference between the diagnostic capability of CMR and EMB for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, CMR showed excellent sensitivity (100%) for apical and obstructive HCM, whereas EMB displayed better sensitivity for dilated HCM. Moreover, combined diagnosis with clinical data, echocardiogram, plus CMR achieved superior agreement with the final diagnosis in comparison with EMB alone.ConclusionNon‐invasive CMR demonstrated excellent diagnostic capability for patients with HF and was as effective as or superior to EMB. In particular, the use of CMR in combination with clinical data unrelated to EMB may provide excellent diagnostic accuracy for HF.
Patient selection criteria and midterm clinical outcome for MitraClip therapy in patients with severe mitral regurgitation and severe congestive heart failure
Authors: Neuss Michael , Schau Thomas , Schoepp Maren , Seifert Martin , Hölschermann Frank , Meyhöfer Jürgen , Butter Christian 
Published: January 2013

AimsThe implantation of a MitraClip (MC) is a new treatment modality for severe mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients whose condition is inoperable or who are at high conventional operative risk. This study reports the follow‐up data of patients implanted with an MC in our heart centre to find selection criteria for this procedure in patients with severe congestive heart failure.Methods and resultsThis study included 163 implantation procedures in 157 patients between March 2009 and November 2012. The severe MR was caused by functional or organic valve disease. The patients had no surgical treatment option or dramatically increased surgical operative risk due to reduced LVEF or concomitant diseases. Three (2%) implantation procedures were unsuccessful. Eleven (7%) patients died during the first 30 days after MC implantation, and 9 (6%) additional patients died during the first 6 months, both groups mainly due to severe, therapy‐resistant end‐stage heart failure. The 111 patients who were followed up showed significant improvement in NT‐proBNP, LVEF, NYHA class, 6 min walk test, and quality of life. Ten (6%) patients needed conventional heart surgery despite high operative risk due to persistent symptomatic MR after MC implantation.ConclusionThe interventional implantation of an MC is a new treatment for severe MR with acceptable periprocedural risk and results in clinical improvement in the majority. Patients with end‐stage heart failure and an NT‐proBNP value >10 000 pg/mL have a high mortality despite MC implantation, and their treatment should be based on a very individualized decision. Based on this experience, a clinical algorithm for patient selection is proposed.
Natural Occurrence of Subjective Aging Experiences in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Miche Martina , Wahl Hans-Werner , Diehl Manfred , Oswald Frank , Kaspar Roman , Kolb Maren 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Objectives.
The subjective experience of aging is a relevant correlate of developmental outcomes. However, traditional approaches fall short of capturing the inherent multidimensionality of subjective aging experiences (SAEs). Based on the concept of Awareness of Age-Related Change (AARC; Diehl, M. K., & Wahl, H.-W. (2010). Awareness of age-related change: Examination of a (mostly) unexplored concept. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65, 340–350. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbp110), this study provides a description of SAEs that is facet rich, and based on their natural occurrence, analyzes interindividual differences and associations with well-being.

Method.
Data came from 225 participants (70–88 years) of the ongoing BEWOHNT study. Open-ended diary entries about age-related experiences were collected for more than 14 days and coded according to AARC domains and subdomains.

Results.
Seventy percent of all participants had SAEs about physical functioning. About half of the sample reported experiences in the domains interpersonal relations, social-emotional and social-cognitive functioning (COGN-EMOT), and lifestyle. Thirty percent experienced aging in terms of changes in cognitive functioning. Contents of SAEs varied by gender, age group, and functional status. SAEs about COGN-EMOT were most consistently related to affective components of subjective well-being.

Discussion.
Our results demonstrate the benefits of an open-ended approach to a multidimensional understanding of SAEs. Content-related, social-cognitive and social-emotional changes more than functional age-related changes were most important for well-being.