bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD11c+ cells primed with unrelated antigens facilitate an accelerated immune response to influenza virus in mice
Authors: Richert Laura E. , Rynda‐Apple Agnieszka , Harmsen Ann L. , Han Soo , Wiley James A. , Douglas Trevor , Larson Kyle , Morton Rachelle V. , Harmsen Allen G. 
Published: November 2013

Recent evidence suggests that an individual's unique history and sequence of exposures to pathogens and antigens may dictate downstream immune responses to disparate antigens. We show that the i.n. delivery of nonreplicative virus‐like particles (VLPs), which bear structural but no antigenic similarities to respiratory pathogens, acts to prime the lungs of both C56BL/6 and BALB/c mice, facilitating heightened and accelerated primary immune responses to high‐dose influenza challenge, thus providing a nonpathogenic model of innate imprinting. These responses correspond closely to those observed following natural infection with the opportunistic fungus, Pneumocystis murina, and are characterized by accelerated antigen processing by DCs and alveolar macrophages, an enhanced influx of cells to the local tracheobronchial lymph node, and early upregulation of T‐cell co‐stimulatory/adhesion molecules. CD11c+ cells, which have been directly exposed to VLPs or Pneumocystis are necessary in facilitating enhanced clearance of influenza virus, and the repopulation of the lung by Ly‐6C+ precursors relies on CCR2 expression. Thus, immune imprinting 72 h after VLP‐priming, or 2 weeks after Pneumocystis‐priming is CCR2‐mediated and results from the enhanced antigen processing, maturation, and trafficking abilities of DCs and alveolar macrophages, which cause accelerated influenza‐specific primary immune responses and result in superior viral clearance.
Magnetic‐Nanoparticle‐Supported 2,2′‐Bis[3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl]imidazolium‐Substituted Diethyl Ether Bis(tribromide): A Convenient Recyclable Reagent for Bromination
Authors: Wu Liqiang , Yin Zhikui 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new magnetic‐nanoparticle‐supported bromination reagent was synthesized by anchoring a 2,2′‐bis[3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl]imidazolium‐substituted diethyl ether bis(tribromide) onto the surface of γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles and subsequently treating this new ionic liquid with bromine. The nanoparticle reagent was obtained with good loading levels and has been successfully used for the efficient bromination of a wide range of alkenes, alkynes, ketones, and aromatic substrates. More importantly, the reagent could be easily recovered by an external magnet and reused six times without significant loss of activity.
Regioselective, Direct meso‐Functionalization of Sulfur‐Bridged 5,16‐Dihydro[22]annulene(2.1.2.1)
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Sharma Shivali , Sharma Amit , Kaur Paramjit 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe direct incorporation of task‐specific substituents exclusively at the meso positions of neutral sulfur‐bridged 5,16‐dihydro[22]annulene(2.1.2.1) is described. This method allows for the incorporation of long hydrocarbon chains, which are otherwise not easily accessible through a conventional aldehyde condensation approach.
Direct One‐Pot Synthesis of Naphthoxindoles from 4‐Bromooxindoles by Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling and Aldol Condensation Reactions
Authors: Park Kyeong‐Yong , Kim Bum Tae , Heo Jung‐Nyoung 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot synthesis of naphthoxindoles by using 4‐bromoindolin‐2‐ones and 2‐formylphenylboronic acids has been developed. The coupling reaction proceeds in good to excellent yields under microwave irradiation through a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and an aldol condensation cascade reaction. In addition, this protocol permits the facile construction of naphthoxindoles through an expanded scope of substrates.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative C–H Alkynylation of Benzoxazoles with α,β‐Ynoic Acids
Authors: Kim Jinsik , Kang Dongjin , Yoo Eun Jeong , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative C–H alkynylation of benzoxazoles with α,β‐ynoic acids was achieved for the first time. This straightforward method was found to be synthetically effective without strong base under air.
The self‐regulatory function of anticipated pride and guilt in a sustainable and healthy consumption context
Authors: Onwezen Marleen C. , Bartels Jos , Antonides Gerrit 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAlthough individuals generally value health and sustainability, they do not always behave in a manner that is consistent with their standards. The current study examines whether attitudes and social norms (i.e., descriptive and injunctive norms) can evoke anticipated pride and guilt, which, in turn, guide behavioural intentions. This self‐regulatory function of anticipated pride and guilt is examined in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) extended with descriptive norms. Study 1 (N = 944) was a cross‐sectional study in a sustainable (organic) behaviour context, and Study 2 (N = 990) was a study with a delayed outcome measure in a sustainable (fair trade) and a healthy (fruit consumption) behaviour context. We demonstrate that both negative and positive self‐conscious emotions guide behaviour because they mediate the effects of both attitudes and social norms on intentions. Furthermore, the results show that the mediating effects of anticipated pride and guilt significantly improve the explanatory power of the extended TPB in all contexts; however, there are differences in the size of the effects, such that the mediating effect of emotions is larger in a sustainable compared to a healthy context. Theoretical implications of our findings are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the effect of food and beverages on enamel and restorative materials by SEM and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Sari Mustafa Erhan , Erturk Aliye Gediz , Koyuturk Alp Erdin , Bekdemir Yunus 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives To examine different types of restorative materials used in children as well as primary and permanent teeth enamel when affected by erosive foods. Materials and Method Buttermilk, fruit yoghurt, Coca‐cola, fruit juice, Filtek Z‐250, Dyract Extra, Fuji II LC, and Fuji IX and tooth enamel were used. Measurements were performed on 1‐day, 1‐week, 1‐month, 3‐month, 6‐month time periods by using ATR‐FTIR technique and surface of the specimens were examined with SEM. Results Permanent tooth showed the least change among human tooth samples when compared to restorative materials. Among filler materials, the most change was observed in Fuji IX. In terms of beverages the most changes on absorption peaks obtained from spectra were seen on the samples held in Coca‐Cola and orange‐juice. Conclusion The exposure of human enamel and restorative materials to acidic drinks may accelerate the degradation process and so reduce the life time of filler materials at equivalent integral exposure times longer than three months. Clinical Relevance Erosive foods and drinks having acidic potential destroy not only tooth enamel but also restorative materials. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:79–90, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization and phylogeny of Isaria spp. strains (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) using ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 and elongation factor 1‐alpha sequences
Authors: D'Alessandro Celeste P. , Jones Leandro R. , Humber Richard A. , López Lastra Claudia C. , Sosa‐Gomez Daniel R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe elongation factor 1‐alpha (EF1‐α) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions ITS1 and ITS2 (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2) sequences were used to characterize and to identify Isaria isolates from Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil, as well as to study the phylogenetic relationships among these isolates and other related fungi from the order Hypocreales. The molecular characterization, which was performed by PCR‐RFLP of EF1‐α and ITS1‐5.8‐ITS2 genes, was useful for resolving representative isolates of Isaria fumosorosea, Isaria farinosa, and Isaria tenuipes and to confirm the taxonomic identity of fungi from Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil. The phylogenetic analyses showed three clades corresponding to three families of Hypocreales. The genus Isaria was confirmed as polyphyletic and in family Cordycipitaceae, Isaria species were related to anamorphic species of Beauveria, Lecanicillium, and Simplicillium and to teleomorphic Cordyceps and Torrubiella. Therefore, EF1‐α and ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 genes were found to be powerful tools for improving the characterization, identification, and phylogenetic relationship of the Isaria species and other entomopathogenic fungi.
The 5‐HTTLPR Polymorphism and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gressier Florence , Calati Raffaella , Balestri Martina , Marsano Agnese , Alberti Siegfried , Antypa Niki , Serretti Alessandro 
Published: November 2013

Environmental and genetic factors contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Variation in the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene has been hypothesized to affect risk for PTSD. With the aim of investigating this association, we conducted a meta‐analysis to shed light on prior controversial results and increase statistical power to detect smaller effect sizes. PubMed and ISI databases were searched for studies published until December 2012. Twelve studies have been included, all based on trauma‐exposed samples. Data were analyzed with Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager Software (Version 5). Quality and publication bias were assessed. Metaregressions were performed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software, Version 2. Taking into account all studies, no association was found between 5‐HTTLPR and PTSD (p = .10), with evidence of between‐study heterogeneity, which could be partly explained by gender differences. In sensitivity analyses, we found an association between SS genotype and PTSD in high trauma‐exposed participants (p < .001). To be a carrier of the SS genotype seems to represent a risk factor for PTSD in high trauma exposure. Further studies focusing on Gene × Environment interactions are needed to better understand the role of this polymorphism in PTSD.
Titanium‐Adhesive Polymer Nanoparticles as a Surface‐Releasing System of Dual Osteogenic Growth Factors
Authors: Choi Gi Hyun , Lee Hong Jae , Lee Sang Cheon 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA titanium (Ti)‐adhesive nanoparticle is developed as a surface‐releasing system for dual osteogenic growth factors. The Ti‐adhesive nanoparticle is prepared by self‐assembly of a poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA)‐grafted hyaluronic acid (HA) copolymer, followed by conjugation of catechol groups on nanoparticle surfaces. The nanoparticles consist of Ti‐adhesive peripheral catechol groups, anionic HA shells, and hydrophobic PLGA inner cores. The immobilization of the nanoparticles onto Ti substrates is successfully verified using various analytical tools including field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (Fe‐SEM), contact angle measurement, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Positively charged dual growth factors, bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) are readily loaded onto the negatively charged HA shells of surface‐immobilized nanoparticles, which is confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. The Ti substrates with dual growth factor‐loaded nanoparticle‐immobilized nanoparticles remarkably promote the attachment, proliferation, spreading, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs).
Disease spread through contiguity and axonal tracts in primary lateral sclerosis
Authors: Lauren Flynn , Stephen Matthew , Floeter Mary Kay 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTOur goal in this report was to determine whether symptom progression in primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) was consistent with disease spread through axonal pathways or contiguous cortical regions. The date of symptom onset in each limb and cranial region was obtained from 45 PLS patient charts. Each appearance of symptoms in a new body region was classified as axonal, contiguous, possibly contiguous, or unrelated, according to whether the somatotopic representations were adjacent in the cortex. Of 152 spread events, the first spread event was equally divided between axonal (22) and contiguous (23), but the majority of subsequent spread events were classified as contiguous. Symptom progression in PLS patients is consistent with disease spread along axonal tracts and by local cortical spread. Both were equally likely for the first spread event, but local cortical spread was predominant thereafter, suggesting that late degeneration does not advance through long axonal tracts. Muscle Nerve 49:439–441, 2014
Acute and chronic effects of botulinum neurotoxin a on the mammalian neuromuscular junction
Authors: Baskaran Padmamalini , Thyagarajan Baskaran 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionBotulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) cleaves SNAP‐25 and inhibits acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) to cause neuroparalysis. Previous reports indicate a dyssynchrony between the inhibitory effect of BoNT/A on ACh release and SNAP‐25 cleavage. Methods: We tested the in vitro (acute; 90 min) and in vivo (chronic; 12 h) effects of BoNT/A on stimulus‐evoked ACh release (SEAR), twitch tension, and SNAP‐25 cleavage in isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) nerve‐muscle preparations (NMP).Results: In vitro or in vivo BoNT/A poisoning inhibited SEAR and twitch tension. Conversely, SNAP‐25 cleavage and inhibition of spontaneous release frequency were observed only in NMP poisoned with BoNT/A in vivo. Moreover, chronic treatment of BoNT/A inhibited ionomycin stimulated Ca2+ signals in Neuro 2a cells. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the inhibition of SEAR precedes SNAP‐25 cleavage and suggest involvement of a more complex mechanism for the inhibitory effect of BoNT/A at the NMJ. Muscle Nerve 50:206–215, 2014
QM/MM study of the C—C coupling reaction mechanism of CYP121, an essential Cytochrome p450 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Dumas Victoria G. , Defelipe Lucas A. , Petruk Ariel A. , Turjanski Adrian G. , Marti Marcelo A. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAmong 20 p450s of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt), CYP121 has received an outstanding interest, not only due to its essentiality for bacterial viability but also because it catalyzes an unusual carbon–carbon coupling reaction. Based on the structure of the substrate bound enzyme, several reaction mechanisms were proposed involving first Tyr radical formation, second Tyr radical formation, and C—C coupling. Key and unknown features, being the nature of the species that generate the first and second radicals, and the role played by the protein scaffold each step. In the present work we have used classical and quantum based computer simulation methods to study in detail its reaction mechanism. Our results show that substrate binding promotes formation of the initial oxy complex, Compound I is the responsible for first Tyr radical formation, and that the second Tyr radical is formed subsequently, through a PCET reaction, promoted by the presence of key residue Arg386. The final C—C coupling reaction possibly occurs in bulk solution, thus yielding the product in one oxygen reduction cycle. Our results thus contribute to a better comprehension of MtCYP121 reaction mechanism, with direct implications for inhibitor design, and also contribute to our general understanding of these type of enzymes. Proteins 2014; 82:1004–1021. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solution NMR analysis of the interaction between the actinoporin Sticholysin I and DHPC micelles—Correlation with backbone dynamics
Authors: López‐Castilla Aracelys , Pazos Fabiola , Schreier Shirley , Ricardo Pires José 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSticholysin I (StI), an actinoporin expressed as a water‐soluble protein by the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus, binds to natural and model membranes, forming oligomeric pores. It is proposed that the first event of a multistep pore formation mechanism consists of the monomeric protein attachment to the lipid bilayer. To date there is no high‐resolution structure of the actinoporin pore or other membrane‐bound form available. Here we evaluated StI:micelle complexes of variable lipid composition to look for a suitable model for NMR studies. Micelles of pure or mixed lysophospholipids and of dihexanoyl phosphatidylcholine (DHPC) were examined. The StI:DHPC micelle was found to be the best system, yielding a stable sample and good quality spectra. A comprehensive chemical shift perturbation analysis was performed to map the StI membrane recognition site in the presence of DHPC micelles. The region mapped (residues F51, R52, S53 in loop 3; F107, D108, Y109, W111, Y112, W115 in loop 7; Q129, Y132, D134, M135, Y136, Y137, G138 in helix‐α2) is in agreement with previously reported data, but additional residues were found to interact, especially residues V81, A82, T83, G84 in loop 5, and A85, A87 in strand‐β5. Backbone dynamics measurements of StI free in solution and bound to micelles highlighted the relevance of protein flexibility for membrane binding and suggested that a conformer selection process may take place during protein–membrane interaction. We conclude that the StI:DHPC micelles system is a suitable model for further characterization of an actinoporin membrane‐bound form by solution NMR. Proteins 2014; 82:1022–1034. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 homolog CED‐9 in Caenorhabditis elegans: Dynamics of BH3 and CED‐4 binding regions and comparison with mammalian antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 proteins
Authors: Modi Vivek , Sankararamakrishnan Ramasubbu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTProteins belonging to Bcl‐2 family regulate intrinsic cell death pathway. Although mammalian antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 members interact with multiple proapoptotic proteins, the Caenorhabditis elegans Bcl‐2 homolog CED‐9 is known to have only two proapoptotic partners. The BH3‐motif of proapoptotic proteins bind to the hydrophobic groove of prosurvival proteins formed by the Bcl‐2 helical fold. CED‐9 is also known to interact with CED‐4, a homolog of the human cell death activator Apaf1. We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of CED‐9 in two forms and compared the results with those of mammalian counterparts Bcl‐XL, Bcl‐w, and Bcl‐2. Our studies demonstrate that the region forming the hydrophobic cleft is more flexible compared with the CED‐4‐binding region, and this is generally true for all antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 proteins studied. CED‐9 is the most stable protein during simulations and its hydrophobic pocket is relatively rigid explaining the absence of functional redundancy in CED‐9. The BH3‐binding region of Bcl‐2 is less flexible among the mammalian proteins and this lends support to the studies that Bcl‐2 binds to less number of BH3 peptides with high affinity. The C‐terminal helix of CED‐9 lost its helical character because of a large number of charged residues. We speculate that this region probably plays a role in intracellular localization of CED‐9. The BH4‐motif accessibility in CED‐9 and Bcl‐w is controlled by the loop connecting the first two helices. Although CED‐9 adopts the same Bcl‐2 fold, our studies highlight important differences in the dynamic behavior of CED‐9 and mammalian antiapoptotic homologs. Proteins 2014; 82:1035–1047. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inter‐annual variability, risk and confidence intervals associated with propagation statistics. Part II: parameterization and applications
Authors: Boulanger Xavier , Jeannin Nicolas , Féral Laurent , Castanet Laurent , Lacoste Frédéric , Carvalho Françoise 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThis set of two companion papers aims at providing a model for the inter‐annual variability of earth‐space propagation statistics and for the inherent risk and CIs. In part I, it was proposed to model the yearly variance σ² of empirical complementary CDFs so that where is the variance of estimation, the inter‐annual climatic variance and p the long‐term probability. Particularly, an analytical formulation of was derived and parameterized from synthetic rain attenuation data. Considering the statistical framework developed in part I, this part II is specifically devoted to the parameterization of the variance of estimation from experimental data of rain attenuation and rainfall rate. Then, a methodology to model and parameterize worldwide the inter‐annual climatic variance is presented. The model of yearly variance of the empirical complementary CDFs is finally compared against yearly experimental variances derived from data collected worldwide. The knowledge of this variability is very useful for system design as it allows the risk on a required availability and associated with a given propagation margin to be quantified. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water, food, and energy security: scrambling for resources or solutions?
Authors: Perrone Debra , Hornberger George M. 
Published: November 2013

Anthropogenic‐induced climate changes and population growth projected by 2050, combined with global economic growth driven by emerging markets, suggest that greater stress will be placed on water, food, and energy resources in the future. These resources are interdependent and are linked in a complex global network of trade. As pressures on the three resources grow, three‐way interactions arise so that a solution to address scarcity in one cannot be achieved without impact on the others. The water security, food security, and energy security trilemma creates a multidimensional web that is a structurally complex network with dynamic links among resources that vary in both weight and direction. Because structure affects function, characterizing the network anatomy that links the resources in three‐way interactions is helpful when setting goals to meet resource security. We argue that water plays a central role in shaping interactions and that the main scarcity issues occur with trade‐offs between thermoelectric power generation and agriculture, between hydroelectric power generation and agriculture, and between biofuel production and food production. Three illustrations—the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin in the southeastern United States, the island nation of Sri Lanka, and Brazil—capture the main three‐way interactions that we have identified. Although the problems that strew the path to global sustainability are massive, we suggest alternatives along both technological and nontechnological paths to meet future needs.WIREs Water2014, 1:49–68. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1004This article is categorized under:Human Water > Rights to Water