bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution and future directions of bypass surgery
Authors: Enriquez-Marulanda Alejandro , Ramirez-Velandia Felipe , Young Michael , Stout Jeffrey N. , See Alfred P. , Ogilvy Christopher S. , Taussky Philipp 
Published: August 2024

Cerebral bypass surgery is one of the most complex and elegant procedures in neurosurgery. It involves several meticulous steps that test the skills of even the most prepared neurosurgeons. This surgery has transcended its traditional role in arterial stenosis and atherosclerosis, expanding its applications to include flow preservation techniques for complex conditions such as aneurysms, tumors, and vascular malformations. The decreased number of procedures performed across many hospitals reflects the development of newer endovascular therapies but is also due to the results of the extracranial-intracranial bypass study, the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study, and the Carotid and Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Surgery Study, which have raised questions about the efficacy of cerebral bypass surgery for individuals with carotid artery occlusion who are prone to ischemic stroke.
Despite this, there is still a potential benefit of bypass surgery for patients with hemodynamic impairment refractory to medical management. Also, revascularization in moyamoya vasculopathy is an effective strategy for preventing ischemic and hemorrhagic events in both children and adults. Additionally, innovations in the technique, such as the flow-regulated bypass and intraoperative flow assessment, aim to minimize perioperative morbidity. Despite bypass surgery being less performed in this current era, the teaching and development of these skills are still encouraged for future neurosurgeons, as a role for bypass will exist for the foreseeable future.
Comparing surgical clipping with endovascular treatment for unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis
Authors: Ferreira Marcio Yuri , Batista Savio , Oliveira Leonardo B. , Marques Guilherme Nunes , Maia Henrique Garcia , Palavani Lucca B. , Andreão Filipi Fim , Borges Pedro G. L. B. , Semione Gabriel , Sousa Marcelo Porto , Besborodco Raphael Muszkat , Bertani Raphael , Serulle Yafell , Ferreira Christian , Langer David 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE
Unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm (uMCAA) has traditionally been treated with open surgical clipping (SC). Endovascular treatments (EVTs) were designed to reduce surgical risks in these cases. Nevertheless, despite its potential benefits, many surgeons favor SC for uMCAA. This updated meta-analysis aimed to compare the safety, efficacy, and clinical outcomes of SC and EVT for uMCAA.

METHODS
The authors searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases according to the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies included those with ≥ 4 patients with uMCAA reporting comparative data of SC and EVT. The endpoints were the complete occlusion rate (Raymond class I and II), good clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2 or Glasgow Outcome Scale score ≥ 4), procedure-related complications (further divided into major and minor), and mortality. The authors pooled OR with 95% CI values with a random-effects model. I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to address high heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plot analysis and the Egger’s test.

RESULTS
The analysis included data from 10 studies. Regarding the complete occlusion assessment, the comparative analysis revealed OR 0.17 (95% CI 0.08–0.40, p < 0.01), favoring SC. In terms of achieving good clinical outcomes, OR 0.44 (95% CI 0.20–0.97, p < 0.05) was determined, favoring SC. No differences regarding total procedure-related complications, major complications, or mortality were identified. However, a higher likelihood of minor complications was identified for EVT, with OR 4.68 (95% CI 2.01–10.92, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis identified a lower likelihood of complete occlusion at last follow-up and lower likelihood of good clinical outcomes in patients treated with EVT when compared with SC. Furthermore, a higher likelihood of minor complications was identified in patients who underwent EVT when compared with SC. The findings reinforce that, based on the currently available data, SC should be considered the primary approach for treating uMCAA. However, EVT is an evolving approach, and this study’s findings represent a synthesis of observational studies. Randomized trials are warranted to elucidate which approach should be the mainstay for uMCAA and to identify the nuances that determine whether SC or EVT is more or less indicated for addressing uMCAA with consideration of the individuality of each patient and aneurysm.
Intracranial complications secondary to acute bacterial sinusitis requiring neurosurgical intervention before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Flanders Tracy M. , Kumar Nankee K. , Zhao Chao , Joerger Torsten A. , Huh Jimmy W. , Buzi Adva , Rizzi Mark D. , Settoon Christine , Storm Phillip B. , Heuer Gregory G. , Kennedy Benjamin C. , Tucker Alexander M. , Madsen Peter J. , Lang Shih-Shan 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE
Intracranial complications of acute bacterial sinusitis are rare pathologies that occur in children, and are associated with significant neurological morbidity and mortality. There is a subjective concern among neurosurgeons that the incidence of this rare disease has increased since the onset of the novel COVID-19 pandemic. The primary objective of this study was to review the presentation and management of patients admitted at the authors’ institution with intracranial extension of sinusitis, to better understand the local disease burden relative to the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS
This is a single-center retrospective observational cohort study. The patients underwent neurosurgical intervention for intracranial extension of sinusitis between January 1, 2007, and March 1, 2023. The historical cohort was defined as those patients who presented prior to March 2020. Clinical covariates such as surgical and microbiological data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS
A total of 78 patients (55 historical, 23 new) were included; they had a median age of 11.7 years and a male predominance of 69.2%. There was a significant increase in the annual rate of neurosurgical intervention for suppurative intracranial extension of acute bacterial sinusitis after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, with an average of 4.2 cases per year prior to March 2020 compared to 7.7 cases per year after that date (p = 0.013). This increase was largely driven by the unprecedented case volume of 13 cases in 2022. Patients in the new cohort were older (p = 0.009) and more likely to have Pott’s puffy tumor/frontal bone osteomyelitis (p = 0.003) at the time of presentation than patients in the historical cohort. Patients in the new cohort had lower rates of readmission within 30 days of discharge than those in the historical cohort (p = 0.047). In both cohorts, patients with seizure on presentation were more likely to have neurological sequelae at last follow-up (p = 0.004), which occurred at a median of 2.9 months after discharge.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians encountering pediatric patients presenting with persistent symptoms of acute bacterial sinusitis must have a high index of suspicion for suppurative intracranial extension. Prompt neuroimaging and subsequent neurosurgical intervention are critical to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. The results in this study show a significant increase in the number of neurosurgical interventions for suppurative intracranial extension of sinusitis per year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is needed to understand the underlying pathophysiology of this clinical phenomenon.
ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА КОНВЕРГЕНЦІЇ МЕРЕЖЕВОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ УКРАЇНИ ТА ЄС: ІНДЕКС ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ ТА СУСПІЛЬСТВА
Authors: ЛІСКЕВИЧ Олег , ОБЕЛЬОВСЬКА Квітослава , АБЗЯТОВ Андрій , ЛІСКЕВИЧ Ростислав 
Published: August 2024

Мережева інфраструктура є основою для ефективного функціонування сучасної цифрової економіки. Успіх української економіки додатково залежить від сумісності її мережевої інфраструктури з мережевою інфраструктурою ЄС. Тому важлвою є задача аналізу станів мережевої інфраструктури ЄС та України з метою виявлення об визначити викликів, які Україні потрібно буде подолати на шляху конвергенції української цифрової економіки з цифровою економікою ЄС. Актуальність роботи обґрунтовується тим, що впровадження передових цифрових мережевих технологій, узгоджених з європейськими, є одним із шляхів підвищення майбутньої конкурентоспроможності української економіки.
Індекс цифрової економіки та суспільства (DESI) узагальнює низку показників ефективності цифрових технологій у Європі та дозволяє оцінити стан цифрової економіки та суспільства. Ця робота присвячена аналізу одного з індикаторів DESI, а саме цифрової інфраструктури, як в Європейському Союзі (ЄС), так і в Україні. Аналіз охоплює цифрові інфраструктури визначені DESI 2023, такі як щонайменше 100 Мбіт/с фіксованого широкосмугового зв’язку, щонайменше 1 Гбіт/с широкосмугового зв’язку, фіксоване покриття мереж дуже високої пропускної здатності (VHCN), оптоволокно до приміщення (FTTP), використання мобільного широкосмугового зв’язку, покриття 5G.
Аналіз показав, що Україна на біжучий момент має добрий стан з впровадженням технології FTTP, і, відповідно, вона може стати основою для конвергенції цифрової інфраструктури України та ЄС. Проте, згідно з нашим аналізом, Україні терміново необхідно прискорити впровадження мереж 5G, яка сприятиме модернізації та відновленню національної економіки. Результати аналізу будуть корисними для зближення цифрової економіки України з європейською цифровою економікою.
Magnetic Kirchhoff–Schrödinger equations with critical exponential growth and indefinite potential in R 2
Authors: Li Qingyue , Cheng Xiyou , Yang Lu 
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we are concerned with the following magnetic nonlinear equation of Kirchhoff type with critical exponential growth and an indefinite potential in R 2 m ( ∫ R 2 [ | 1 i ∇ u − A ( x ) u | 2 + V ( x ) | u | 2 ] d x ) [ ( 1 i ∇ − A ( x ) ) 2 u + V ( x ) u ] = B ( x ) f ( | u | 2 ) u , where u ∈ H 1 ( R 2 , C ), m is a Kirchhoff type function, V : R 2 → R and A : R 2 → R 2 represent locally bounded potentials, while B denotes locally bounded and f exhibits critical exponential growth. By employing variational methods and utilizing the modified Trudinger–Moser inequality, we get ground state solutions or nontrivial solutions for the above equation. Furthermore, in the special case where m is a constant equal to 1, the equation is reduced to the following magnetic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, ( 1 i ∇ − A ( x ) ) 2 u + V ( x ) u = B ( x ) f ( | u | 2 ) u in R 2 . Applying analogous methods, we can also establish the existence of ground state solutions or nontrivial solutions to this equation.
Pengaruh Berbagai Bahan Organik dan Pupuk ZA pada Metode Double Digging Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah Varietas Lembah Palu (Allium cepa L. Var. Aggregatum)
Authors: Tanari Yulinda , Prabowo Bayu Aji , Mowidu Ita 
Published: August 2024

Bawang merah merupakan komoditas unggulan sayuran di Indonesia sehingga perlu dibudidayakan secara intensif. Pengolahan tanah dan pemupukan merupakan teknologi yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan produksi bawang merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi bahan organik dan pupuk ZA pada metode double digging terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah varietas Lembah Palu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sintuwu Lemba Kecamatan Lage Kabupaten Poso dari bulan Februari hingga Juni 2020. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan lingkungan Rancangan Acak kelompok pola faktorial dua faktor yaitu faktor pertama adalah penggunaan bahan organik (tanpa bahan organik, daun gamal, batang pisang dan jerami padi) dan faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk ZA (tanpa ZA dan 400 kg/ha). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara jenis bahan organik dan pupuk ZA pada metode double digging. Penggunaan jerami padi tanpa aplikasi pupuk ZA pada metode double digging memberikan hasil tertinggi sebesar 2,82 ton/ha. Jenis bahan organik jerami padi memberikan rata-rata pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah yang tertinggi meskipun berbeda tidak nyata dengan daun gamal dan batang pisang. Aplikasi pupuk ZA berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah.

Kata kunci: bahan organik, bawang merah, double digging, pupuk ZA
ACL reconstruction combined with anterolateral structures reconstruction for treating ACL rupture and knee injuries: a finite element analysis
Authors: Wang Huizhi , Yao Gai , He Kaixin , Wang Zimin , Cheng Cheng-Kung 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The biomechanical indication for combining anterolateral structures reconstruction (ASLR) with ACL reconstruction (ACLR) to reduce pivot shift in the knee remains unclear. This study aims to investigate knee functionality after ACL rupture with different combinations of injuries, and to compare the effectiveness of ALSR with ACLR for treating these injuries.Methods: A validated finite element model of a human cadaveric knee was used to simulate pivot shift tests on the joint in different states, including 1) an intact knee; 2) after isolated ACL rupture; 3) after ACL rupture combined with different knee injuries or defect, including a posterior tibial slope (PTS) of 20°, an injury to the anterolateral structures (ALS) and an injury to the posterior meniscotibial ligament of the lateral meniscus (LP); 4) after treating the different injuries using isolated ACLR; v. after treating the different injuries using ACLR with ALSR. The knee kinematics, maximum von Mises stress (Max.S) on the tibial articular cartilage (TC) and force in the ACL graft were compared among the different simulation groups.Results and discussion: Comparing with isolated ACL rupture, combined injury to the ALS caused the largest knee laxity, when a combined PTS of 20° induced the largest Max.S on the TC. The joint stability and Max.S on the TC in the knee with an isolated ACL rupture or a combined rupture of ACL and LP were restored to the intact level after being treated with isolated ACLR. The knee biomechanics after a combined rupture of ACL and ALS were restored to the intact level only when being treated with a combination of ACLR and ALSR using a large graft diameter (6 mm) for ALSR. However, for the knee after ACL rupture combined with a PTS of 20°, the ATT and Max.S on the TC were still greater than the intact knee even after being treated with a combination of ACLR and ALSR. The finite element analysis showed that ACLR should include ALSR when treating ACL ruptures accompanied by ALS rupture. However, pivot shift in knees with a PTS of 20° was not eliminated even after a combined ACLR and ALSR.
RETRACTED: Mendelian randomization based on immune cells in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Zhou Ye , Zhang Hengyan , Yan Heguo , Huang Changxing , Liu Yangwen 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundDKD, a leading cause of chronic kidney and end-stage renal disease, lacks robust immunological research. Recent GWAS utilizing SNPs and CNVs has shed light on immune mechanisms of kidney diseases. However, DKD’s immunological basis remains elusive. Our goal is to unravel cause-effect relationships between immune cells and DKD using Mendelian randomization.MethodologyWe analyzed FinnGen data (1032 DKD cases, 451,248 controls) with 731 immunocyte GWAS summaries (MP=32, MFI=389, AC=118, RC=192). We employed forward and reverse Mendelian randomization to explore causal links between immune cell traits and DKD. Sensitivity analysis ensured robustness, heterogeneity checks, and FDR correction minimized false positives.ResultsOur study explored the causal link between diabetic nephropathy (DKD) and immunophenotypes using two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) with IVW. Nine immunophenotypes were significantly associated with DKD at p&lt;0.05 after FDR correction. Elevated CD24, CD3 in Treg subsets, CD39+ CD4+, and CD33− HLA DR− AC correlated positively with DKD risk, while CD27 in B cells and SSC−A in CD4+ inversely correlated. Notably, while none showed significant protection, further research on immune cells’ role in DKD may provide valuable insights.ConclusionThe results of this study show that the immune cells are closely related to DKD, which may be helpful in the future clinical study.
Study on spatio-temporal evolution of ecosystem services, spatio-temporal pattern of tradeoff/synergy relationship and its driving factors in Shendong mining area
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Zhu Zhenyao , Zhang Xufei , Jiao Yiheng , Cheng Yiqiang , Wang Shidong , Zhang Hebing 
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The game between socio-economic development and ecological development has always been the core issue in coal areas, but the internal mechanism of tradeoff and cooperative dynamic change of ecosystem services in mining areas under long-term mineral resources development is still lacking in in-depth research.Methods: Therefore, taking Shendong mining area as an example, this study used InVEST model to evaluate the changes of four major ecosystem service functions in Shendong mining area from 1990 to 2020, namely, water yield (WY), net primary productivity (NPP), soil conservation (SC) and habitat quality (HQ). Meanwhile, correlation analysis was used to explore the trade-off and synergistic relationship among these services. On this basis, the coupling effect between the four ecosystem services is further discussed by using the constraint line method. Finally, the key drivers of ecosystem service trade-offs/synergies in the region are explored by using geodetectors and the explanations of each influence factor for RMS errors are obtained.Results: The results show that 1) from 1990 to 2020, the water yield and soil retention in the mining area decrease first and then increase, and the net primary productivity and habitat quality increase slowly, mainly in the southeast of the mining area. 2) In terms of constraint relationship, all the four ecosystem services showed hump-like constraint relationship, that is, there was obvious constraint threshold effect. 3) In the Shendong mining area, the synergistic relationship is the dominant relationship between ecosystem services, and the tradeoff effect mainly occurs between water yield and habitat quality. 4) In terms of the driving mechanism of tradeoff/synergy, land use type, temperature, and rainfall are the main factors that cause the spatial differentiation of tradeoff synergy intensity among ecosystem services in Shendong mining area.Conclusions: The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the improvement of ecological environment and sustainable utilization of mineral resources under long-term exploitation.
The known and unknown about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) genetics: a special emphasis on Arab population
Authors: Mahrous Nahed N. , Albaqami Amirah , Saleem Rimah A. , Khoja Basmah , Khan Mohammed I. , Hawsawi Yousef M. 
Published: August 2024

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by behavioral appearances such as impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity. The prevalence of ADHD is high in childhood when compared to adults. ADHD has been significantly advanced by genetic research over the past 25 years. However, it is logically conceivable that both genetic and/or non-genetic factors, such as postnatal environmental and social influences, are associated with ADHD phenotype in Arab populations. While genetic influences are strongly linked with the etiology of ADHD, it remains obscure how consanguinity which is an underlying factor for many genetic diseases, contributes to ADHD subtypes. Arabian Gulf Nations have one the highest rates of consanguineous marriages, and consanguinity plays an important contributing factor in many genetic diseases that exist in higher percentages in Arabian Gulf Nations. Therefore, the current review aims to shed light on the genetic variants associated with ADHD subtypes in Arabian Gulf nations and Saudi Arabia in particular. It also focuses on the symptoms and the diagnosis of ADHD before turning to the neuropsychological pathways and subgroups of ADHD. The impact of a consanguinity-based understanding of the ADHD subtype will help to understand the genetic variability of the Arabian Gulf population in comparison with the other parts of the world and will provide novel information to develop new avenues for future research in ADHD.
Predicting significant wave height in the South China Sea using the SAC-ConvLSTM model
Authors: Hou Boyang , Fu Hanjiao , Li Xin , Song Tao , Zhang Zhiyuan 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe precise forecasting of Significant wave height(SWH) is vital to ensure the safety and efficiency of aquatic activities such as ocean engineering, shipping, and fishing.MethodsThis paper proposes a deep learning model named SAC-ConvLSTM to perform 24-hour prediction with the SWH in the South China Sea. The long-term prediction capability of the model is enhanced by using the attention mechanism and context vectors. The prediction ability of the model is evaluated by mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC).ResultsThe experimental results show that the optimal input sequence length for the model is 12. Starting from 12 hours, the SAC-ConvLSTM model consistently outperforms other models in predictive performance. For the 24-hour prediction, this model achieves RMSE, MAE, and PCC values of 0.2117 m, 0.1083 m, and 0.9630, respectively. In addition, the introduction of wind can improve the accuracy of wave prediction. The SAC-ConvLSTM model also has good prediction performance compared to the ConvLSTM model during extreme weather, especially in coastal areas.DiscussionThis paper presents a 24-hour prediction of SWH in the South China Sea. Through comparative validation, the SAC-ConvLSTM model outperforms other models. The inclusion of wind data enhances the model's predictive capability. This model also performs well under extreme weather conditions. In physical oceanography, variables related to SWH include not only wind but also other factors such as mean wave period and sea surface air pressure. In the future, additional variables can be incorporated to further improve the model's predictive performance.