bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social identity influences stress appraisals and cardiovascular reactions to acute stress exposure
Authors: Gallagher Stephen , Meaney Sarah , Muldoon Orla T. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesThis study tested a recent theoretical development in stress research to see whether group membership influenced cardiovascular reactions following exposure to acute stress.MethodsParticipants (N = 104) were exposed to a message in which a maths test was described as stressful or challenging by an ingroup member (a student) or outgroup member (a stress disorder sufferer). Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored throughout a standard reactivity study.ResultsAs expected, a significant interaction was found; relative to those who were told that the task was challenging, ingroup members reported more stress and had higher DBP and HR reactivity when told by an ingroup member that the maths task was stressful; task information did not have the same effect for outgroup members.ConclusionThese results indicate that informational support is not constant but varies as a function of group membership. Finally, this recent development in stress research may prove useful for those interested in investigating the interactions between social, psychological and physiological processes underlying health disparities.Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Stress is a common risk factor for hypertension and coronary heart disease.

Social support has been found to reduce cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress.

The influence of social support on stress varies as a consequence of social identity.

What does this study add?

The social group that one belongs to influences how one appraises and responds to stress.

Social identity provides a useful framework for understanding how social processes are associated with health disparities.
Learning curves for urological procedures: a systematic review
Authors: Abboudi Hamid , Khan Mohammed Shamim , Guru Khurshid A. , Froghi Saied , de Win Gunter , Van Poppel Hendrik , Dasgupta Prokar , Ahmed Kamran 
Published: June 2013

Objective
To determine the number of cases a urological surgeon must complete to achieve proficiency for various urological procedures.
Patient and Methods
The MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched for studies published up to December 2011.
Studies pertaining to learning curves of urological procedures were included.
Two reviewers independently identified potentially relevant articles.
Procedure name, statistical analysis, procedure setting, number of participants, outcomes and learning curves were analysed.
Results
Forty‐four studies described the learning curve for different urological procedures.
The learning curve for open radical prostatectomy ranged from 250 to 1000 cases and for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy from 200 to 750 cases.
The learning curve for robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) has been reported to be 40 procedures as a minimum number.
Robot‐assisted radical cystectomy has a documented learning curve of 16–30 cases, depending on which outcome variable is measured.
Irrespective of previous laparoscopic experience, there is a significant reduction in operating time (P = 0.008), estimated blood loss (P = 0.008) and complication rates (P = 0.042) after 100 RALPs.
Conclusions
The available literature can act as a guide to the learning curves of trainee urologists. Although the learning curve may vary among individual surgeons, a consensus should exist for the minimum number of cases to achieve proficiency.
The complexities associated with defining procedural competence are vast.
The majority of learning curve trials have focused on the latest surgical techniques and there is a paucity of data pertaining to basic urological procedures.
Margins, ischaemia and complications rate after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: impact of learning curve and tumour anatomical characteristics
Authors: Porpiglia Francesco , Bertolo Riccardo , Amparore Daniele , Fiori Cristian 
Published: June 2013

Objectives
To present our laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) results according to the margin, ischaemia and complications (MIC) system recently proposed for the standardized reporting of partial nephrectomy (PN) outcomes.
To assess the role of learning curve and tumour anatomical characteristics on the outcomes by using MIC system.
Patients and Methods
Data were obtained from our prospectively maintained LPN database, including only patients who underwent LPN performed with vascular clamping.
According to the MIC system definition, the goal of LPN was reached (i.e. MIC was achieved) when surgical margins were negative, warm ischaemia time (WIT) was <20 min and no major complications occurred.
Patients were stratified by quartiles of distribution, named LPN eras 1–4, and MIC rates in different LPN eras were compared, evaluating the impact of learning curve and tumour anatomical characteristics (as assessed by Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical [PADUA] score on the outcomes.
Results
The study population consisted of 206 patients.
The overall MIC rate was 63.1%: it progressively increased along the learning curve, reaching 84.9% in LPN era 4 (P < 0.001).
PADUA‐score risk group categories were inversely correlated with MIC score (P = 0.001).
When simultaneously considering the effects of both LPN eras and PADUA‐score risk group categories, a trend towards a higher MIC rate was found in the latest series, regardless of tumour anatomical characteristics.
When MIC score components were separately analysed, WIT decreased significantly from LPN era 1 to LPN era 4 (P < 0.001) and from PADUA‐score risk group categories 3 to 1 (P = 0.001)
A trend towards a decrease in the complication rate along the learning curve was observed (P = 0.251), while LPN era and PADUA score together significantly influenced the complications rate (P < 0.001). The positive surgical margin rate was very low (2.9% overall) and stable throughout the case study.
Conclusion
The MIC rate increased with surgeon's experience and decreased when complex lesions were treated.
The MIC system was found to be an easy, useful and reproducible tool to report LPN data series.
House dust mite sensitization is the main risk factor for the increase in prevalence of wheeze in 13‐ to 14‐year‐old schoolchildren in Guangzhou city, China
Authors: Li J. , Wang H. , Chen Y. , Zheng J. , Wong G. W. K. , Zhong N. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryBackgroundLittle is known about time trend of prevalence of asthma and the association between the changing prevalence and allergen sensitization in Chinese children.ObjectiveTo determine the changes in prevalence of asthma and allergen sensitization in schoolchildren over a period of 15 years.MethodsA total of 6928 schoolchildren aged 13–14 years in 2009 were recruited for the study using the Phase III Protocol of the International Study of Asthma and Allergic disease in Childhood (ISAAC) and 2531 of them underwent skin prick test for seven common aeroallergens. The results were compared with those obtained in the Phase I (1994/95) and III (2001/02) ISAAC studies.ResultsThe prevalence of asthma ever and current wheeze increased from 3.9% and 3.4% in 1994, to 4.6% and 4.8% in 2001 (P<0.001), and to 6.9% and 6.1% in 2009 (P ≤ 0.008). The prevalence of higher degree of skin response to house dust mites (HDMs) and cat, and atopic index increased significantly in all children in 2010 when compared with those in 2002 (P<0.001). Prevalence of wheeze remained unchanged in subjects without sensitization to any tested allergen including HDMs (P > 0.05). Sensitization to HDMs, especially Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus was associated with increase in prevalence of wheeze.ConclusionThe prevalence of wheeze and sensitization to common aeroallergens in secondary schoolchildren in Guangzhou China has increased significantly since 1994. Sensitization to HDMs is an important risk factor associated with the increase in prevalence of wheeze in this group of population in Guangzhou city.
Macrophages promote epithelial repair through hepatocyte growth factor secretion
Authors: D'Angelo F , Bernasconi E , Schäfer M , Moyat M , Michetti P , Maillard M H , Velin D 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Macrophages play a critical role in intestinal wound repair. However, the mechanisms of macrophage-assisted wound repair remain poorly understood. We aimed to characterize more clearly the repair activities of murine and human macrophages. Murine macrophages were differentiated from bone marrow cells and human macrophages from monocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors (HD) or Crohn's disease (CD) patients or isolated from the intestinal mucosa of HD. In-vitro models were used to study the repair activities of macrophages. We found that murine and human macrophages were both able to promote epithelial repair in vitro. This function was mainly cell contact-independent and relied upon the production of soluble factors such as the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Indeed, HGF-silenced macrophages were less capable of promoting epithelial repair than control macrophages. Remarkably, macrophages from CD patients produced less HGF than their HD counterparts (HGF level: 84 ± 27 pg/mg of protein and 45 ± 34 pg/mg of protein, respectively, for HD and CD macrophages, P &lt; 0·009) and were deficient in promoting epithelial repair (repairing activity: 90·1 ± 4·6 and 75·8 ± 8·3, respectively, for HD and CD macrophages, P &lt; 0·0005). In conclusion, we provide evidence that macrophages act on wounded epithelial cells to promote epithelial repair through the secretion of HGF. The deficiency of CD macrophages to secrete HGF and to promote epithelial repair might contribute to the impaired intestinal mucosal healing in CD patients.
Heparanase‐1 and components of the hedgehog signalling pathway are increased in untreated alveolar orbital rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Tang Wei‐Qiang , Hei Yan , Kang Li , Xiao Li‐Hua 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the activities of heparanase‐1 and elements of the hedgehog signalling pathway in alveolar orbital rhabdomyosarcoma.MethodsSpecimens (n = 23) were divided into two groups, those from patients with preoperative chemoradiotherapy or untreated patients; six samples of normal extraocular muscle were used as a normal muscle group. The presence of heparanase‐1, patched, smoothened and glioma‐associated oncogene homologue‐1 protein expression was determined in 23 cases of archival paraffin‐embedded alveolar orbital rhabdomyosarcoma after immunohistochemistry. RNA was extracted from three groups of paraffin‐embedded specimens and messenger RNA expressions of heparanase‐1, smoothened and glioma‐associated oncogene homologue‐1 compared using nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and a limiting dilution analysis.ResultsThe heparanase‐1, patched, smoothened and glioma‐associated oncogene homologue‐1 protein was expressed in 91.3%, 87.0%, 91.3% and 78.3%, respectively, of the alveolar orbital rhabdomyosarcoma specimens. Untreated rhabdomyosarcoma samples tended to stain intensely, but staining was relatively weak in tissue obtained from the chemoradiotherapy group. The expression levels of heparanase‐1, smoothened and glioma‐associated oncogene homologue‐1 messenger RNA in untreated and chemoradiotherapy groups paralleled that seen with immunology, and there were no significant differences in heparanase‐1, smoothened and glioma‐associated oncogene homologue‐1 messenger RNA levels between the chemoradiotherapy group and the normal muscle group (P > 0.05). However, the messenger RNA in the untreated group were all significantly higher than those in the chemoradiotherapy and normal muscle groups (P < 0.01).ConclusionsBoth heparanase‐1 and hedgehog signalling pathway are involved in the pathogenesis of alveolar orbital rhabdomyosarcoma; however, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy appears to significantly inhibit their upregulation.
The effect of different surgical drilling procedures on full laser‐etched microgrooves surface‐treated implants: an experimental study in sheep
Authors: Jimbo Ryo , Tovar Nick , Yoo Daniel Y. , Janal Malvin N. , Anchieta Rodolfo B. , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of instrumentation technique on the early osseointegration histomorphometrics and biomechanical fixation of fully laser‐etched microgrooves implant surfaces in a sheep model.Material and MethodsSix sheep were subjected to bilateral hip surgeries 3 and 6 weeks before euthanasia. A total of 48 implants (∅4.5 mm, 8 mm in length) were distributed among four sites (8 per animal) and placed in bone sites drilled to 4.6 mm (reamer), 4.1 mm (loose), 3.7 mm (medium) and 3.2 mm (tight) in diameter. After healing, the animals were euthanized and half of the implants were biomechanically tested, while the remainder was subjected to non‐decalcified histologic processing. The histomorphometric parameters assessed were bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). Statistical analysis was performed using a mixed‐model analysis of variance with significance level set atP < 0.05.ResultsA general increasing trend is present from 3 to 6 weeks for most of the variables. The groups prepared to be press fit seemed to present higher values, which were maintained throughout the observation period. The reamer group presented the lowestBICprobably due to the drilling technique; however qualitatively, more new bone seemed to be in contact to the implant surface, at 3 weeks, whereas the implants placed in press‐fit situations were mainly supported by cortical bone.ConclusionThe laser‐etched microgrooved implant presented osteoconductive and biocompatible properties for all surgical procedures tested. However, procedures providing increasingly higher press‐fit scenarios presented the strongest histomorphometric and biomechanical responses at 3 and 6 weeks.
Identification of methylenecyclopropyl acetic acid in serum of European horses with atypical myopathy
Authors: Votion D.‐M. , van Galen G. , Sweetman L. , Boemer F. , de Tullio P. , Dopagne C. , Lefère L. , Mouithys‐Mickalad A. , Patarin F. , Rouxhet S. , van Loon G. , Serteyn D. , Sponseller B. T. , Valberg S. J. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyIt is hypothesised that European atypical myopathy (AM) has a similar basis as seasonal pasture myopathy in North America, which is now known to be caused by ingestion of hypoglycin A contained in seeds from the tree Acer negundo. Serum from horses with seasonal pasture myopathy contained the conjugated toxic metabolite of hypoglycin A, methylenecyclopropyl acetic acid (MCPA).Study designRetrospective study on archived samples.Objectives1) To determine whether MCPA‐carnitine was present in serum of European horses confirmed to have AM; 2) to determine whether Acer negundo or related Acer species were present on AM pastures in Europe.MethodsConcentrations of MCPA‐carnitine were analysed in banked serum samples of 17 AM horses from Europe and 3 diseased controls (tetanus, neoplasia and exertional rhabdomyolysis) using tandem mass spectrometry. Atypical myopathy was diagnosed by characteristic serum acylcarnitine profiles. Pastures of 12 AM farms were visited by experienced botanists and plant species were documented.ResultsMethylenecyclopropyl acetic acid‐carnitine at high concentrations (20.39 ± 17.24 nmol/l; range 0.95–57.63 nmol/l; reference: <0.01 nmol/l) was identified in serum of AM but not disease controls (0.00 ± 0.00 nmol/l). Acer pseudoplatanus but not Acer negundo was present on all AM farms.ConclusionsAtypical myopathy in Europe, like seasonal pasture myopathy in North America, is highly associated with the toxic metabolite of hypoglycin A, MCPA‐carnitine. This finding coupled with the presence of a tree of which seeds are known to also contain hypoglycin A indicates that ingestion of Acer pseudoplatanus is the probable cause of AM. This finding has major implications for the prevention of AM.
Brain injury due to anaphylactic shock: broadening manifestations of Kounis syndrome
Authors: Soufras G. D. , Kounis G. N. , Kounis N. G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAnaphylactic shock is a real and life threatening medical emergency which is encountered in every field of medicine. The coronary arteries seem to be the primary target of anaphylaxis resulting in the development of Kounis syndrome. Kounis syndrome is a pan‐arterial anaphylaxis ‐associated syndrome affecting patients of any age, involving numerous and continuously increasing causes, with broadening clinical manifestations and covering a wide spectrum of mast cell activation disorders. Recently, Kounis‐like syndrome affecting the cerebral arteries was found to be associated with mast cell activation disorders. In anaphylactic shock, the decrease of cerebral blood flow is more than what would be expected from severe arterial hypotension. This is attributed to the early and direct action of anaphylactic mediators on cerebral vessels. While adrenaline is a life saving agent in the treatment of anaphylactic shock, it contains sodium betabisulfite as preservative and should be avoided in sulfite allergic patients. Potential allergens encountered in endodotic practice include formocresol, zinc compounds thiurams, sodium dimethyldithiocarbamade, and mercaptobenzothiazole that might have synergistic action. All these agents together with analgesics, antibiotics, antiseptics, formaldehyde, latex, local anaesthetics and metals used in dental practice, in general, can induce anaphylactic shock. Practitioners should be aware of these consequences. A careful history of previous atopy and reactions is of paramount importance for safe and effective management.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor counter‐regulates dexamethasone‐induced annexin 1 expression and influences the release of eicosanoids in murine macrophages
Authors: Sun Yu , Wang Yu , Li Jia‐Hui , Zhu Shi‐Hui , Tang Hong‐Tai , Xia Zhao‐Fan 
Published: June 2013

SummaryMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro‐inflammatory cytokine and glucocorticoid (GC) counter‐regulator, has emerged as an important modulator of inflammatory responses. However, the molecular mechanisms of MIF counter‐regulation of GC still remain incomplete. In the present study, we investigated whether MIF mediated the counter‐regulation of the anti‐inflammatory effect of GC by affecting annexin 1 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. We found that stimulation of RAW 264.7 macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in down‐regulation of annexin 1, while GC dexamethasone (Dex) or Dex plus LPS led to significant up‐regulation of annexin 1 expression. RNA interference‐mediated knockdown of intracellular MIF increased annexin 1 expression with or without incubation of Dex, whereas Dex‐induced annexin 1 expression was counter‐regulated by the exogenous application of recombinant MIF. Moreover, recombinant MIF counter‐regulated, in a dose‐dependent manner, inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) activation and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release by Dex in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS. Endogenous depletion of MIF enhanced the effects of Dex, reflected by further decease of cPLA2α expression and lower PGE2 and LTB4 release in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Based on these data, we suggest that MIF counter‐regulates Dex‐induced annexin 1 expression, further influencing the activation of cPLA2α and the release of eicosanoids. These findings will add new insights into the mechanisms of MIF counter‐regulation of GC.
Interview with Andrew Samuels
Authors: Stagoll Brian 
Published: June 2013

Andrew Samuels is Professor of Analytical Psychology at the University of Essex, Visiting Professor of Psychoanalytic Studies at Goldsmith's College, University of London and a Jungian Analyst in London. We were lucky to have Andrew participate very generously in the Brisbane Family Therapy Conference in September, 1998. Andrew has written widely on psychological and psychotherapeutic themes, and has opened up new areas around the relations between therapy and politics. In his book The Political Psyche (1993) he poses the questions:Is there a special psychology of and for politics and culture? If so, what does the clinical practice of analysis and therapy with individuals or small groups contribute to the forming of such a psychology? ... In what way is the personal political—and in what way is the political personal?We interviewed Andrew in Brisbane just one week before the 1998 Federal Election, with talk of Howard, Beazley and Hanson pervading conference conversations. It was a great time to have Andrew around. But first we had to clear up a few matters about Jung.
THE YEAR‐END EFFECT IN MONEY MARKET YIELDS: BEYOND ONE MONTH AND BEYOND THE CRISIS
Authors: Kotomin Vladimir 
Published: June 2013

AbstractU.S. money market yields up to one month have shown changes consistent with year‐end liquidity preferences. I find that three‐ and six‐month negotiable certificate of deposit (CD), Eurodollar deposit (ED), and banker's acceptance (BA) yields are also affected by year‐end liquidity preferences. Two‐ and three‐month financial commercial paper (CP) yield changes are less pronounced. Banks—CD, ED, and BA issuers—have increased year‐end liquidity needs, unlike finance companies—predominant CP issuers. The year‐end effect disappears after the 2007–2008 crisis as depositories' cash holdings increase. CD, ED, and CP yields diverge postcrisis, suggesting that investors no longer consider them close substitutes.
Electrochemical Determination of Gibbs Energy of Formation of LaCrO3 Using a Composition‐Graded Bielectrolyte
Authors: Jacob Kallarackel Thomas , Gupta Sapna , Singh Prabhakar 
Published: June 2013

Presented are new measurements of the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of rhombohedral LaCrO3 from component oxides La2O3 and Cr2O3 in the temperature range from 875 to 1175 K, using a bielectrolyte solid‐state cell incorporating single crystal CaF2 and composition‐graded solid electrolyte (LaF3)y·(CaF2)1−y (y = 0–0.32). The results can be represented analytically as (±2270)/J·mol−1 = −72329 + 4.932 (T/K). The measurements were undertaken to resolve serious discrepancies in the data reported in the literature. A critical analysis of previous electrochemical measurements indicates several deficiencies that have been rectified in this study. The enthalpy of formation obtained in this study is consistent with calorimetric data. The standard enthalpy of formation of orthorhombic LaCrO3 from elements at 298.15 K computed from the results of this study is /kJ·mol−1 = −1536.2 (±7). The standard entropy of orthorhombic LaCrO3 at 298.15 K is estimated as 99.0 (±4.5) J·(mol·K)−1.