bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of same-day discharge for premature ventricular complex ablations
Authors: Padanilam Mathew S , Patel Parin J , Joshi Sandeep A , Nair Girish V , Clark Bradley A , Shah Ankur , Field Justin , Prystowsky Eric N , Gilge Jasen L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
Patients undergoing catheter ablation (CA) of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are generally observed overnight in the hospital given the concern for complications. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of same-day discharge (SDD) of patients undergoing elective CA of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs).

Methods and results
A retrospective evaluation of all patients undergoing elective VA ablation at Ascension St Vincent Hospital from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019 was undertaken. Of those, the patients undergoing PVC ablation were divided into SDD and non-SDD. Patients underwent SDD at the discretion of the operator. The primary safety outcome was the 30-day incidence of complications and death. The primary efficacy outcome was procedural success. Among 188 patients who underwent VA ablation, 98 (52.1%) were PVC ablations, and of those, 55 (56.1%) were SDD. There was no difference in age, gender, comorbidities, or ejection fraction between the two groups. Patients that were non-SDD were more likely to be on chronic anticoagulation (P = 0.03), have ablation in the LV (P = 0.04), have retrograde access (P = 0.03), and receive heparin during the procedure (P = 0.01). There were no complications in the SDD group compared with one (2.3%) in the non-SDD group. There was no difference in primary efficacy between the two groups with a 90.9% acute success in the SDD and 88.4% in the non-SDD (P = 0.68).

Conclusion
Same-day discharge for CA of PVCs is feasible and could lower healthcare resource utilization without compromising outcomes in this unique population.
Full waveform inversion of ocean bottom seismometer data from the oceanic Pacific Plate of the Japan trench
Authors: Kakhkhorov U , Weibul W W , Raknes E B , Kodaira S , Fujie G , Arntsen B 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARY
The geometrical and seismic structure of the Pacific oceanic Plate of the Japan Trench is essential for the understanding of earthquake activity in the area. Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) data can be used, via ray-based tomography, to obtain estimates of properties such as crust thickness and structure, hydration and depth to the Moho boundary. The spatial resolution of these properties can be substantially improved by using the full waveform inversion (FWI) method. Most OBS data in this area are acquired with a sparse receiver spacing of 5–6 km, whereas FWI is assumed to work best with denser (1–2 km) receiver spacing. We show that FWI can be adapted to sparsely sampled data with better resolution than traveltime tomography. Using a 500 km long OBS longitudinal profile from the Japan Trench we obtain a detailed velocity structure of the crust, a better definition of the Moho boundary, a well-defined low-velocity layer in the lower crust and a clear spatial definition of areas with velocity inversions.
Number of aftershocks in epidemic-type seismicity models
Authors: Molchan George , Peresan Antonella 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARY
The Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model describes how an earthquake generates its own aftershocks. The regular ETAS model assumes that distribution F of the number of direct aftershocks is Poissonian, however there is evidence suggesting that a geometric distribution might be more adequate. Let ${{V}_M}({{m}_ \bullet })$ be the number of $m &gt; M$ aftershocks generated by ${{m}_ \bullet }$event. In this study we consider the ${{V}_M}({{m}_ \bullet })$ distribution within Epidemic-type Seismicity models, ETAS(F). These models include the Gutenberg–Richter law for magnitude and Utsu law for average ${{m}_ \bullet }$-productivity, but differ in the type of F distribution for the number $v({{m}_ \bullet })$ of direct aftershocks. The class of F is quite broad and includes both the Poisson distribution, which is the basis for the regular ETAS model, and its possible alternative, the Geometric distribution. We replace the traditional $M = {{m}_ \bullet } - \Delta $ threshold in $\Delta $-analysis with $M = {{m}_a} - \Delta $ where ${{m}_a}$ is the distribution mode of the strongest aftershocks. Under these conditions we find the limit ${{V}_M}({{m}_ \bullet })$ distribution at ${{m}_ \bullet } &gt; &gt; 1$. In the subcritical case, the limit distribution is extremely simple and identical to the $v({{m}_\Delta })$ distribution with a suitable magnitude ${{m}_\Delta }$. This result allows us to validate both the priority of the geometric distribution of F for direct aftershocks and the very concept of epidemic-type clustering on global seismicity data.
The economic cost consequences of suboptimal infant and young child feeding practices: a scoping review
Authors: Jegier Briana J , Smith Julie P , Bartick Melissa C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Breastfeeding is important for women and children’s health, but less than half of infants worldwide begin life with optimal breastfeeding. A growing literature shows consistently large economic costs of not breastfeeding, with global studies showing economic losses of around US$300 billion globally. However, existing studies are highly diverse in approaches, methods, data sources and country results. Building on a landmark 2012 UNICEF UK review focused on high-income countries, we conducted a scoping review to map and characterize the expanding literature and identify future research directions in this research area. We included studies (n = 36) in diverse country settings and outcomes for women and children. We used PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest and manual searches of cost of not breastfeeding studies published between 1996 and 2023. Articles were excluded if they were macroeconomic evaluations, did not assign monetary values or only evaluated breastfeeding or formula feeding costs and not outcomes or were cost of programs studies. We found considerable diversity in disciplinary approaches and differences in methodologies. Though there were different cost measurement perspectives (societal, institutional/payer and individual), all but two excluded the costs of unpaid care. Studies typically measured costs of medical treatment, with more recent studies using dynamic simulation models. The largest economic costs were derived from lifetime estimates of human capital losses, namely cost of premature death and loss of intelligence quotient points. Medical and death costs varied widely depending on method of calculation, but total costs consistently exceeded $US100 billion annually for the USA, and around $US300 billion in global studies. Our findings suggest that greater interdisciplinary collaboration is needed particularly to better define infant feeding exposures, and advance comprehensive measurement of costs and outcomes across lifetimes, in order to prioritize breastfeeding as a public health strategy of economic importance.
Discovery of bifunctional diterpene cyclases/synthases in bacteria supports a bacterial origin for the plant terpene synthase gene family
Authors: Chen Xinlu , Xu Meimei , Han Jin , Schmidt-Dannert Mark , Peters Reuben J , Chen Feng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Land plants are well-known producers of terpenoids that play diverse roles in plant–environment interactions. The vast chemical diversity of terpenoids is initiated by terpene synthases. Plants contain a distinct mid-sized terpene synthase gene family termed TPS, which appears to have an ancient origin in a fused bacterial Class I (di)terpene synthase (TS) and Class II diterpene cyclase (DTC), corresponding to the catalytically relevant α-domain and βγ-didomains, respectively. However, while such fused tridomain bifunctional (Class I/II) diterpene cyclases/synthases (DCSs) have been found in plants (and fungi), no examples have been reported from bacteria, leaving the origin of the fusion event initiating the TPS gene family opaque. Here, the discovery of such tridomain bifunctional DCSs in bacteria is reported. Extensive genome mining unearthed five putative bacterial DCSs, with biochemical characterization revealing the expected bifunctional activity for three. The most intriguing was CseDCS from Candidatus sericytochromatia bacterium, which produces ent-kaurene, an intermediate in plant hormone biosynthesis, as this is the hypothesized activity for the ancestral TPS. Unlike the extant functionally equivalent TPSs, it was possible to split CseDCS into separate, independently acting DTC and TS, with the first producing the expected ent-copalyl diphosphate (CPP), serving as a CPP synthase (CPS), while the second converts this to ent-kaurene, serving as a kaurene synthase (KS). Nevertheless, sequence alignment and mutation analysis revealed intriguing similarities between this cyanobacterial fused CPS–KS and functionally equivalent TPSs. Regardless of the exact relationship, the discovery of fused bifunctional DCSs in bacteria supports the hypothesized origin of the plant TPS family from such a bacterial gene.
Mucosal and Transmural Healing and Long-term Outcomes in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Sands Bruce E , Danese Silvio , Chapman J Casey , Gurjar Khushboo , Grieve Stacy , Thakur Deepika , Griffith Jenny , Joshi Namita , Kligys Kristina , Dignass Axel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Healing in Crohn’s disease is complex and difficult to measure due to incongruencies between clinical symptoms and disease states. Mucosal healing (MH) and transmural healing (TH) are increasingly used to measure clinical improvement in Crohn’s disease, but definitions of MH and TH can vary across studies, and their relationship to long-term outcomes is not clear. To address this knowledge gap, we performed a systematic literature review (SLR) to examine studies measuring MH and TH in Crohn’s disease.

Methods
Database records from 2012 to 2022 were searched for real-world evidence and interventional studies that reported the association of MH or TH with clinical, economic, or quality of life outcomes of adult patients with Crohn’s disease.

Results
A total of 46 studies were identified in the systematic literature review, representing a combined patient population of 5530. Outcomes of patients with MH were reported by 39 studies; of these, 14 used validated scales for endoscopic assessment. Thirteen studies reported outcomes of patients with TH. Among studies that examined the outcomes of patients with and without MH or TH, patients with healing generally experienced improved clinical outcomes and reduced healthcare resource utilization, including fewer hospitalizations and surgeries and improved rates of clinical remission. This was especially true for patients with TH.

Conclusions
Mucosal and transmural healing are associated with positive long-term outcomes for adult patients with Crohn’s disease. The adoption of standardized measures and less invasive assessment tools will maximize the benefits of patient monitoring.
Moving in an Uncertain World: Robust and Adaptive Control of Locomotion from Organisms to Machine Intelligence
Authors: Mongeau Jean-Michel , Yang Yu , Escalante Ignacio , Cowan Noah , Jayaram Kaushik 
Published: August 2024

Synopsis
Whether walking, running, slithering, or flying, organisms display a remarkable ability to move through complex and uncertain environments. In particular, animals have evolved to cope with a host of uncertainties—both of internal and external origin—to maintain adequate performance in an ever-changing world. In this review, we present mathematical methods in engineering to highlight emerging principles of robust and adaptive control of organismal locomotion. Specifically, by drawing on the mathematical framework of control theory, we decompose the robust and adaptive hierarchical structure of locomotor control. We show how this decomposition along the robust–adaptive axis provides testable hypotheses to classify behavioral outcomes to perturbations. With a focus on studies in non-human animals, we contextualize recent findings along the robust–adaptive axis by emphasizing two broad classes of behaviors: (1) compensation to appendage loss and (2) image stabilization and fixation. Next, we attempt to map robust and adaptive control of locomotion across some animal groups and existing bio-inspired robots. Finally, we highlight exciting future directions and interdisciplinary collaborations that are needed to unravel principles of robust and adaptive locomotion.
Artificial Intelligence for Climate Change Biology: From Data Collection to Predictions
Authors: Levy Ofir , Shahar Shimon 
Published: August 2024

Synopsis
In the era of big data, ecological research is experiencing a transformative shift, yet big-data advancements in thermal ecology and the study of animal responses to climate conditions remain limited. This review discusses how big data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) can significantly enhance our understanding of microclimates and animal behaviors under changing climatic conditions. We explore AI’s potential to refine microclimate models and analyze data from advanced sensors and camera technologies, which capture detailed, high-resolution information. This integration can allow researchers to dissect complex ecological and physiological processes with unprecedented precision. We describe how AI can enhance microclimate modeling through improved bias correction and downscaling techniques, providing more accurate estimates of the conditions that animals face under various climate scenarios. Additionally, we explore AI’s capabilities in tracking animal responses to these conditions, particularly through innovative classification models that utilize sensors such as accelerometers and acoustic loggers. For example, the widespread usage of camera traps can benefit from AI-driven image classification models to accurately identify thermoregulatory responses, such as shade usage and panting. AI is therefore instrumental in monitoring how animals interact with their environments, offering vital insights into their adaptive behaviors. Finally, we discuss how these advanced data-driven approaches can inform and enhance conservation strategies. In particular, detailed mapping of microhabitats essential for species survival under adverse conditions can guide the design of climate-resilient conservation and restoration programs that prioritize habitat features crucial for biodiversity resilience. In conclusion, the convergence of AI, big data, and ecological science heralds a new era of precision conservation, essential for addressing the global environmental challenges of the 21st century.
Totally Geodesic Subvarieties of the Moduli Space of Curves and Linear Systems
Authors: Benirschke Frederik 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We construct a linear system on a general curve in a totally geodesic subvariety of the moduli space of curves. As a consequence, one obtains rank bounds for totally geodesic subvarieties of dimension at least two. Furthermore, this leads to a classification of totally geodesic subvarieties of dimension at least two in strata with at most two zeros.
The Impact of Zika Emergence in Remote Communities in Northwestern Ecuador
Authors: Andrade Paulina , Sosa-Moreno Andrea , Vivero Sandra , Nipaz Victoria , Lee Gwenyth O , Cevallos William , Eisenberg Joseph N S , Coloma Josefina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Latin America (2015–2016) has primarily been studied in urban centers, with less understanding of its impact on smaller rural communities. To address this gap, we analyzed ZIKV seroepidemiology in 6 rural Ecuadorian communities (2018–2019) with varying access to a commercial hub. Seroprevalence ranged from 19% to 54%, measured by nonstructural protein 1 blockade of binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We observed a decline in ZIKV seroprevalence between 2018 and 2019 that was greater among younger populations, suggesting that the attack rates in the 2015–2016 epidemic were significantly higher than our 2018 observations. These data indicate that the 2015–2016 epidemic included significant transmission in rural and more remote settings. Our observations of high seroprevalence in our area of study highlights the importance of surveillance and research in rural areas lacking robust health systems to manage future Zika outbreaks and vaccine initiatives.
Tracing Diplomatic Tutelage: (Post)colonial Pedagogies and the Training of African Diplomats
Authors: McConnell Fiona , Craggs Ruth , Harris Jonathan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Throughout the twentieth century, colonies emerged from the so-called tutelage of European imperial powers to represent themselves as sovereign states. One consequence of this change was an expansion in overseas diplomatic training, aimed at inducting into international life the hundreds of diplomats required to staff new foreign services. This paper interrogates the pedagogical and (geo)political practice of tutelage—where guardianship and instruction are held in tension—in order to shine a critical spotlight on programs training African diplomats, hosted in Britain, France, and Switzerland, and later in Cameroon and Kenya. In exploring practices of tutelage both within the classroom and at the international scale, we bring to the fore hitherto overlooked relational and temporal dimensions of tutelage that provide new insights into enduring paternalistic power relations as well as possibilities for agency and resistance. We trace the legacies of colonialism within these training programs but are also attentive to the ways trainers problematized the generalizability of their knowledge and pedagogy, and how African diplomats-in-training resisted relations of tutelage. In dialogue with scholarship on socialization and international education, we develop an enhanced conceptualization of tutelage that provides analytical purchase on inter-scalar relationships in world politics during and beyond formal decolonization.
In utero treatment of congenital cytomegalovirus infection with valganciclovir: an observational study on safety and effectiveness
Authors: Bourgon Nicolas , Lopez Remi , Fourgeaud Jacques , Guilleminot Tiffany , Bussières Laurence , Magny Jean-François , Ville Yves , Leruez Ville Marianne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The treatment of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is usually administered to neonates after birth; however, it can be anticipated during the prenatal period by treating pregnant women in order to reduce the severity of the congenital disease. The most commonly used treatment for CMV during pregnancy is valaciclovir; however, valganciclovir has a higher potency against CMV and is the first choice for neonates with congenital CMV disease.

Objectives
We investigated neonatal and maternal safety of tertiary prevention in infected fetuses showing ultrasound features of infection using valganciclovir.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of pregnant women and their symptomatic infected fetuses taking valganciclovir, 3 × 450 mg per day. All fetuses presented at least one prenatal feature on ultrasound. We assessed fetal/neonatal and maternal safety, as well as neonatal efficacy of treatment. The main outcome was neutropenia. Secondary outcomes included other haematological side effects, symptoms at birth and neonatal CMV-PCR was positive.

Results
Seventeen women with singleton pregnancies received valganciclovir from a median (IQR) of 27.1 (26.0–30.3) to 11.6 (6.5–12.9) weeks of gestation. No neonatal neutropenia was reported. One pregnancy was terminated for severe features. Three newborns (18%) were asymptomatic at birth, including one with negative CMV-PCR from blood and saliva. CMV-PCR was positive for 12/13 symptomatic newborns, with a median (IQR) log10 viral load of 3.36 (3.30–4.20), 4.03 (1.75–4.27) and 3.04 (0.00–3.40) log10 copies/mL in blood, urine and saliva, respectively.

Conclusions
Tertiary prevention by valganciclovir appears to be well tolerated for both fetus and mother. However, more extensive trials accompanied by long-term follow-up are needed.
Characterization of a multiresistance optrA- and lsa(E)-harbouring unconventional circularizable structure in Streptococcus suis
Authors: Yang Qin , Li Luxin , Zhao Guanzheng , Cui Qingpo , Gong Xiaowei , Ying Luyu , Yang Tingting , Fu Mengjiao , Shen Zhangqi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To identify novel genetic elements facilitating the horizontal transfer of the oxazolidinone/phenicol resistance gene optrA and the pleuromutilin–lincosamide–streptogramin A resistance gene lsa(E) in Streptococcus suis.

Methods
The complete genomes of S. suis HB18 and two transconjugants were obtained using both the Illumina and Nanopore platforms. MICs were determined by broth microdilution. Inverse PCR was performed to identify circular forms of the novel unconventional circularizable structure (UCS), genomic island (GI) and integrative and conjugative element (ICE). Conjugation experiments assessed the transferability of optrA and lsa(E) genes in S. suis.

Results
S. suis HB18 carried a multiresistance gene cluster optrA-lsa(E)-lnu(B)-aphA-aadE-spw. This gene cluster, flanked by intact and truncated erm(B) in the same orientation, resided on a novel ICESsuHB18. Inverse PCR revealed the existence of a novel UCS, named UCS-optrA + lsa(E), which could excise the gene cluster optrA-lsa(E)-lnu(B)-aphA-aadE-spw and one copy of erm(B) from ICESsuHB18. Two transconjugants with different characteristics were obtained. In transconjugant T-JH-GI, UCS-optrA + lsa(E) excised from ICESsuHB18 inserted into the erm(B)-positive GI, designated GISsuHB18, generating the novel GISsuHB18-1. Meanwhile, in T-JH-ICE, genetic rearrangement events occurred in ICESsuHB18 and GISsuHB18, forming the novel ICESsuHB18-1.

Conclusions
This is the first report demonstrating the functionally active UCS-optrA + lsa(E) excising from ICESsuHB18 and inserting into the erm(B)-positive GISsuHB18 during the conjugation process. The location of optrA and lsa(E) on a multiresistance UCS enhances its persistence and dissemination.
Comparative evaluation of two clinical sampling techniques for HPV detection in male genital sites: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhang Jinyu , Li Linge , Hu Shangying , Wu Ningbo , Guo Huiqin , Yin Jian , Chen Shimin , Dun Changchang , Pan Qinjing , Zhao Fanghui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
The optimal sampling methods for detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) in male genital sites remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the performance, acceptability, and comfort of two sampling techniques for male genital HPV detection.

Methods and results
A total of 490 men aged 18–45 were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to undergo either the rub-brush (nail file followed by swab) or brush-only method (swab only) for sampling at external genitalia sites (PGS) and perineum/perianal (PA) sites. HPV distribution, specimen validity (β-globin as a quality reference), and participant acceptability and comfort were evaluated between the two sampling methods. The brush-only method demonstrated non-inferiority in detecting 14 high-risk HPV types (16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/66/68) compared to the rub-brush method in both PGS (18.9% vs. 16.9%) and PA (10.5% vs. 11.9%). Although no significant differences were observed in positive rates for other HPV types, the brush-only method had a significantly higher invalid rate in PA (8.5% vs. 1.5%). Approximately 85.0% of participants reported good acceptability and comfort with both sampling methods, regardless of anatomical sites.

Conclusions
This study suggests comparable performance, acceptability and comfort between the two sampling techniques for HPV detection. However, the rub-brush method may offer an advantage in higher sample validity.