bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected land‐cover change effects on East African rainfall under climate change
Authors: Moore Nathan , Andresen Jeffrey , Lofgren Brent , Pijanowski Bryan , Kim Dong‐Yun 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBoth land‐cover/land‐use change (LCLUC) and greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations have been shown to influence regional climate, albeit at different spatial scales. In East Africa, climate changes due to changing GHG concentrations are broadly projected to be warmer and wetter. LCLUC projections include trends towards both agricultural intensification and agricultural expansion into savannas, which may result in complex climate interactions and impacts. The primary objective of this study was to examine the regional responses to future GHG, LCLUC, and their combined effects in East Africa, and to better understand how hydrometeorological mechanisms might be altered by LCLUC in future scenarios. In this study, we present high‐resolution decadal simulations from a regional climate model that compare the relative and combined effects of projected LCLUC and GHG. This research suggests that taken separately, these two climate forcings may significantly alter regional precipitation patterns both temporally and spatially but in potentially different and independent ways. In combination, some portions of the region exhibit responses dominated by either LCLUC or GHG effects, but certain areas show complex effects resulting from the combined influence of these two forcings. Perhaps most importantly, the results suggest that projected precipitation changes around major population areas may be as strongly influenced by LCLUC as by GHG effects.
Changes in climate extreme events in China associated with warming
Authors: Chen Huopo , Sun Jianqi 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe science that humans are the cause of global warming, and that the associated climate change would lead to serious changes in climate extreme events, food production, freshwater resources, biodiversity, human mortality, etc. is unequivocal. After several political negotiations, a 2 °C warming has been considered to be the benchmark for such damaging changes. However, an increasing amount of scientific research indicates that higher levels of warming are increasingly likely. What would the world be like if such higher levels of warming occurred? This study aims to provide information for better politically driven mitigation through an investigation of the changes in temperature‐ and precipitation‐based extreme indices using CMIP5 (coupled model intercomparison project phase 5) simulations of a warming of 1, 2, and 3 °C in China. Warming simulations show more dramatic effects in China compared with the global average. In general, the results show relatively small change signals in climate extreme events in China at 1 °C, larger anomalies at 2 °C, and stronger and more extended anomalies at 3 °C. Changes in the studied temperature indices indicate that warm events would be more frequent and stronger in the future, and that cold events would be reduced and weakened. For changes in the precipitation indices, extreme precipitation generally increases faster than total wet‐day precipitation, and China will experience more intensified extreme precipitation events. Furthermore, the risk of flooding is projected to increase, and the dry conditions over northern China are projected to be mitigated. In certain regions, particularly Southwest China, the risks of both drought and flood events would likely increase despite the decreased total precipitation in the future. Uncertainties mainly derived from inter‐model and scenario variabilities are attached to these projections, but a high model agreement can be generally observed in the likelihood of these extreme changes.
Employee Turnover Intention in Travel Agencies: Analysis of Controllable and Uncontrollable Factors
Authors: Pang Loretta , Kucukusta Deniz , Chan Xavier 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHigh turnover rates have long been a problem and costly in many industries. Numerous studies have focused on the reasons for employee turnover; however, most have focused on the hospitality industry but scarce in travel agencies. Thus, this research aimed to examine the situation in travel agencies in Hong Kong. A sample of 200 frontline staff was selected by convenience sampling. The results indicated that five independent variables, namely, general job satisfaction, job hopping, job security, training opportunity and promotion opportunity are significantly related to turnover intention. The managerial implications of these findings and future research directions are also discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macrocyclic Amine‐Linked Oligocarbazole Hollow Microspheres: Facile Synthesis and Efficient Lead Sorbents
Authors: Liao Yaozu , Cai Sisi , Huang Shaojun , Wang Xia , Faul Charl F. J. 
Published: September 2014

Novel macrocyclic amine‐linked oligocarbazole hollow microspheres are synthesized via a one‐step oxidative method in aqueous solution. Upon altering the oxidants and acidic media, the average diameters of the obtained hollow microspheres are tunable from 0.23 to 2.0 μm. With attractive amine and carbazole functionalities, exposed surface area, thermostability, and photoluminescent properties, the amine‐linked oligocarbazole hollow microspheres are directly assembled to yield heavy metal sorbents with excellent selectivity and recyclability, shown to efficiently remove lead from contaminated water.
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Reach for Generation Y: using celebrity endorsement to communicate about nonprofit causes with young people in Australia
Authors: Branigan Elizabeth , Mitsis Ann 
Published: September 2014

The popular contemporary global practice of using celebrities to endorse nonprofit causes can be a constructive means of stakeholder communication that offers the potential to increase awareness of, grow resources for and focus attention on these causes. However, if this communication practice is poorly executed, it risks devaluing complex social problems while more broadly challenging the nonprofit sector's role as a site of social change. This paper offers an analysis of the possibilities and pitfalls of using celebrities to communicate about nonprofit causes to Generation Y stakeholders. Based on findings from interviews with nonprofit leaders who have utilized this communication strategy, it offers an Australian perspective to the growing body of research into the increasingly popular strategy of celebrity endorsement of nonprofit causes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of an immobilised acetylcholinesterase column and its application in screening insecticidal constituents from Magnolia officinalis
Authors: Ye Yong‐Hao , Li Cong , Yang Jun , Ma Liang , Xiao Yu , Hu Jun , Rajput Nasir Ahmed , Gao Cong‐Fen , Zhang Ying‐Ying , Wang Ming‐Hua 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDApplication of a matrix‐immobilised target enzyme for screening inhibitors is widely used in drug development, but there are few studies in insecticide discovery. In this paper, an economical and effective immobilised acetylcholinesterase (AChE) column was prepared using the sol–gel embedment method, which was further combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography for screening the AChE inhibitors and insecticidal compounds from complex natural products.RESULTSAChE inhibitory constituents magnolol and honokiol were isolated from the ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis, with IC50 values of 0.069 and 0.057 mM respectively. In an in vivo bioassay, magnolol and honokiol showed insecticidal activity against Nilaparvata lugens, with LC50 values of 0.324 and 0.137 mM, which are comparable with that of commonly used insecticide chlorpyrifos (0.233 mM). Moreover, molecular docking was carried out against a homology model of N. lugens AChE. The complexes showed that magnolol and honokiol placed themselves nicely into the active site of the enzyme and exhibited an interaction energy that was in accordance with our activity profile data.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that magnolol and honokiol have great applied potential to be developed as natural insecticides, and an immobilised AChE column is very useful as a rapid screening tool for target enzymes towards potent inhibitors. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Synchrotron Powder Diffraction at P02.1 at PETRA III: From Electron Density Distributions to in situ Total Scattering
Authors: Dippel Ann‐Christin , Bindzus Niels , Saha Dipankar , Delitz Jan Torben , Liermann Hanns‐Peter , Wahlberg Nanna , Becker Jacob , Bøjesen Espen D. , Brummerstedt Iversen Bo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe excellent photon beam quality provided at 3rd generation synchrotron sources opens up new opportunities in materials chemistry using X‐ray powder diffraction. Techniques that cover the range from very detailed structure analysis to the observation of rapid structural changes during chemical reactions in real time have become viable. Recent experiments carried out at the High Resolution Powder Diffraction Beamline P02.1 at PETRA III (DESY) demonstrate how to effectively exploit the highly collimated, very intense X‐rays of high energies for chemistry and materials science. Two studies are described in detail, which illustrate the outstanding performance of the instrument: the determination of charge density distributions from powder patterns, and atomic rearrangements followed in situ during the formation of metallic and oxide nanoparticles in solution.
Synthesis, Properties, and Electron Transfer Studies of Ferrocenyl Thiophenes
Authors: Poppitz Elisabeth A. , Hildebrandt Alexander , Korb Marcus , Schaarschmidt Dieter , Lang Heinrich 
Published: September 2014

Abstract For a series of ferrocenyl thiophenes of type Fe(η5‐C5H4‐(4‐R‐cC4H2S‐3‐yl))(η5‐C5H4‐(C6H3‐3,5‐(CF3)2) [R = H (3a), OMe (4a)], Fe(η5‐C5H4‐(4‐R‐cC4H2S‐3‐yl)(η5‐C5H4‐CHO) [R = H (3b), OMe (4b)], and Fe(η5‐C5H4‐(4‐R‐cC4H2S‐3‐yl)(η5‐C5H4‐C≡N) [R = H (3c), OMe (4c)], the influence of electron‐withdrawing substituents at the ferrocenyl moiety and electron‐donating groups at the thiophene unit on the electronic behavior of 3a–c and 4a–c is reported. The coupling of the ferrocenyl and the thiophene moieties has been realized using the Negishi C,C cross‐coupling reaction protocol. Compounds 3a and 4c were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. In electrochemical measurements the ferrocenyl redox potential depends on the particular substitution at the ferrocenyl and the thiophene unit. Moreover, UV/Vis/NIR studies showed ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) interactions, which occur after oxidation and are shifted bathochromically as the donor‐acceptor energy gap decreases. Using different substituents, possessing electron‐withdrawing or donating capabilities, allows adjusting the energy difference between the ferrocenium‐acceptor unit and the donating thiophene system.
Effects of Particle Size of Sucrose Suspensions and Pre‐incubation of Enzymes on Lipase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Sucrose Oleic Acid Esters
Authors: Ye Ran , Hayes Douglas G. , Burton Rachel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe effects of high‐speed homogenization, high‐intensity ultrasound, and their combination were evaluated for the reduction of the particle size of sucrose crystals to enhance solvent‐free lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of sucrose oleate at 65 °C. The combination of homogenization and ultrasound greatly decreased the particle size of suspended sucrose crystals in mixtures of oleic acid/sucrose oleate (86 wt% monoester and 14 wt% diester at a ratio of 90/10 w/w) from 88 to 18 μm. The suspension‐based medium was charged to a stirred tank bioreactor that also contained immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei or Candida antarctica (Lipozyme®IM and Novozym® 435, respectively; Novozymes, Franklinton, NC, USA), that was pre‐incubated in oleic acid for several different temperatures (23–60 °C), durations (4–24 h), and stir rates (50–400 rpm, radius of 3 cm), prior to use. The optimal performance was achieved using C. antarctica lipase (83.3 wt% ester, consisting of 46 wt% monoester) in the presence of molecular sieves (18 wt%). The low water concentration (~0.12 wt%) did not affect the activity of C. antarctica lipase.
Fecal microbiota transplantation as therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Colman Ruben J. , Rubin David T. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background and aims: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has gained interest as a novel treatment option for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). While publications describing FMT as therapy for IBD have more than doubled since 2012, research that investigates FMT treatment efficacy has been scarce. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of FMT as treatment for patients with IBD.
Methods: A systematic literature search was performed through May 2014. Inclusion criteria required FMT as the primary therapeutic agent. Clinical remission (CR) and/or mucosal healing were defined as primary outcomes. Studies were excluded if they did not report clinical outcomes or included patients with infections.
Results: Eighteen studies (9 cohort studies, 8 case studies and 1 randomized controlled trial) were included. 122 patients were described (79 ulcerative colitis (UC); 39 Crohn's disease (CD); 4 IBD unclassified). Overall, 45% (54/119) of patients achieved CR during follow-up. Among the cohort studies, the pooled proportion of patients that achieved CR was 36.2% (95% CI 17.4%–60.4%), with a moderate risk of heterogeneity (Cochran's Q, P = 0.011; I2 = 37%). Subgroup analyses demonstrated a pooled estimate of clinical remission of 22% (95% CI 10.4%–40.8%) for UC (P = 0.37; I2 = 0%) and 60.5% (95% CI 28.4%–85.6%) for CD (P = 0.05; I2 = 37%). Six studies performed microbiota analysis.
Conclusions: This analysis suggests that FMT is a safe, but variably efficacious treatment for IBD. More randomized controlled trials are needed and should investigate frequency of FMT administration, donor selection and standardization of microbiome analysis.
nuMap: A Web Platform for Accurate Prediction of Nucleosome Positioning
Authors: Alharbi Bader A. , Alshammari Thamir H. , Felton Nathan L. , Zhurkin Victor B. , Cui Feng 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Nucleosome positioning is critical for gene expression and of major biological interest. The high cost of experimentally mapping nucleosomal arrangement signifies the need for computational approaches to predict nucleosome positions at high resolution. Here, we present a web-based application to fulfill this need by implementing two models, YR and W/S schemes, for the translational and rotational positioning of nucleosomes, respectively. Our methods are based on sequence-dependent anisotropic bending that dictates how DNA is wrapped around a histone octamer. This application allows users to specify a number of options such as schemes and parameters for threading calculation and provides multiple layout formats. The nuMap is implemented in Java/Perl/MySQL and is freely available for public use at http://numap.rit.edu. The user manual, implementation notes, description of the methodology and examples are available at the site.
Harmonized benchmark labels of the hippocampus on magnetic resonance: The EADC‐ADNI project
Authors: Bocchetta Martina , Boccardi Marina , Ganzola Rossana , Apostolova Liana G. , Preboske Gregory , Wolf Dominik , Ferrari Clarissa , Pasqualetti Patrizio , Robitaille Nicolas , Duchesne Simon , Jack Clifford R. , Frisoni Giovanni B. ,   EADC‐ADNI Working Group on The Harmonized Protocol for Manual Hippocampal Segmentation and for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Bartzokis George , DeCarli Charles , deToledo‐Morrell Leyla , Fellgiebel Andreas , Firbank Michael , Gerritsen Lotte , Henneman Wouter , Killiany Ronald J. , Malykhin Nikolai , Pruessner Jens C. , Soininen Hilkka , Wang Lei , Watson Craig , Wolf Henrike 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundA globally harmonized protocol (HarP) for manual hippocampal segmentation based on magnetic resonance has been recently developed by a task force from European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (EADC) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Our aim was to produce benchmark labels based on the HarP for manual segmentation.MethodsFive experts of manual hippocampal segmentation underwent specific training on the HarP and segmented 40 right and left hippocampi from 10 ADNI subjects on both 1.5 T and 3 T scans. An independent expert visually checked segmentations for compliance with the HarP. Descriptive measures of agreement between tracers were intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of crude volumes and similarity coefficients of three‐dimensional volumes.ResultsTwo hundred labels have been provided for the 20 magnetic resonance images. Intra‐ and interrater ICCs were >0.94, and mean similarity coefficients were 1.5 T, 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71–0.75); 3 T, 0.75 (95% CI, 0.74–0.76).ConclusionCertified benchmark labels have been produced based on the HarP to be used for tracers' training and qualification.
SNAIL1 combines competitive displacement of ASCL2 and epigenetic mechanisms to rapidly silence the EPHB3 tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer
Authors: Rönsch Kerstin , Jägle Sabine , Rose Katja , Seidl Maximilian , Baumgartner Francis , Freihen Vivien , Yousaf Afsheen , Metzger Eric , Lassmann Silke , Schüle Roland , Zeiser Robert , Michoel Tom , Hecht Andreas 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEPHB3 is a critical cellular guidance factor in the intestinal epithelium and an important tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC) whose expression is frequently lost at the adenoma‐carcinoma transition when tumor cells become invasive. The molecular mechanisms underlying EPHB3 silencing are incompletely understood. Here we show that EPHB3 expression is anti‐correlated with inducers of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in primary tumors and CRC cells. In vitro, SNAIL1 and SNAIL2, but not ZEB1, repress EPHB3 reporter constructs and compete with the stem cell factor ASCL2 for binding to an E‐box motif. At the endogenous EPHB3 locus, SNAIL1 triggers the displacement of ASCL2, p300 and the Wnt pathway effector TCF7L2 and engages corepressor complexes containing HDACs and the histone demethylase LSD1 to collapse active chromatin structure, resulting in rapid downregulation of EPHB3. Beyond its impact on EPHB3, SNAIL1 deregulates markers of intestinal identity and stemness and in vitro forces CRC cells to undergo EMT with altered morphology, increased motility and invasiveness. In xenotransplants, SNAIL1 expression abrogated tumor cell palisading and led to focal loss of tumor encapsulation and the appearance of areas with tumor cells displaying a migratory phenotype. These changes were accompanied by loss of EPHB3 and CDH1 expression. Intriguingly, SNAIL1‐induced phenotypic changes of CRC cells are significantly impaired by sustained EPHB3 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our results identify EPHB3 as a novel target of SNAIL1 and suggest that disabling EPHB3 signaling is an important aspect to eliminate a roadblock at the onset of EMT processes.
The anthelmintic efficacy of natural plant cysteine proteinases againstHymenolepis microstoma in vivo
Authors: Mansur F. , Luoga W. , Buttle D.J. , Duce I.R. , Lowe A. , Behnke J.M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLittle is known about the efficacy of cysteine proteinases (CP) as anthelmintics for cestode infectionsin vivo.Hymenolepis microstomais a natural parasite of house mice, and provides a convenient model system for the assessment of novel drugs for anthelmintic activity against cestodes. The experiments described in this paper indicate that treatment ofH. microstomainfections in mice with the supernatant of papaya latex (PLS), containing active cysteine proteinases, is only minimally efficacious. The statistically significant effects seen on worm burden and biomass showed little evidence of dose dependency, were temporary and the role of cysteine proteinases as the active principles in PLS was not confirmed by specific inhibition with E-64. Worm fecundity was not affected by treatment at the doses used. We conclude also that thisin vivohost–parasite system is not sensitive enough to be used reliably for the detection of cestocidal activity of compounds being screened as potential, novel anthelmintics.
AssistOn-Mobile: a series elastic holonomic mobile platform for upper extremity rehabilitation
Authors: Sarac Mine , Ergin Mehmet Alper , Erdogan Ahmetcan , Patoglu Volkan 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYWe present the design, control, and human–machine interface of a series elastic holonomic mobile platform,AssistOn-Mobile, aimed to administer therapeutic table-top exercises to patients who have suffered injuries that affect the function of their upper extremities. The proposed mobile platform is a low-cost, portable, easy-to-use rehabilitation device targeted for home use. In particular,AssistOn-Mobileconsists of a holonomic mobile platform with four actuated Mecanum wheels and a compliant, low-cost, multi-degrees-of-freedom series elastic element acting as its force sensing unit. Thanks to its series elastic actuation,AssistOn-Mobileis highly backdriveable and can provide assistance/resistance to patients, while performing omni-directional movements on plane.AssistOn-Mobilealso features Passive Velocity Field Control (PVFC) to deliver human-in-the-loop contour tracking rehabilitation exercises. PVFC allows patients to complete the contour-tracking tasks at their preferred pace, while providing the proper amount of assistance as determined by the therapists. PVFC not only minimizes the contour error but also does so by rendering the closed-loop system passive with respect to externally applied forces; hence, ensures the coupled stability of the human-robot system. We evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness ofAssistOn-Mobilewith PVFC for rehabilitation and present experimental data collected during human subject experiments under three case studies. In particular, we utilizeAssistOn-Mobilewith PVFC (a) to administer contour following tasks where the pace of the tasks is left to the control of the patients, so that the patients can assume a natural and comfortable speed for the tasks, (b) to limit compensatory movements of the patients by integrating a RGB-D sensor to the system to continually monitor the movements of the patients and to modulate the task speeds to provide online feedback to the patients, and (c) to integrate a Brain–Computer Interface such that the brain activity of the patients is mapped to the robot speed along the contour following tasks, rendering an assist-as-needed protocol for the patients with severe disabilities. The feasibility studies indicate thatAssistOn-Mobileholds promise in improving the accuracy and effectiveness of repetitive movement therapies, while also providing quantitative measures of patient progress.