bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum Heat Engines with Spin‐Chain‐Star Systems
Authors: Alsulami M. D. , Abd‐Rabbou M. Y. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates a theoretical model of a Quantum Otto Cycle (QOC) that utilizes a working fluid spin‐chain‐star model. The system consists of a central atom interacting with multiple Heisenberg spin chains. Employing unitary transformations, the spin‐chain‐star system is transformed into a spin‐star model. The work done and heat transferred for three distinct working fluid configurations: the , , and cases are discussed. The efficiency of the heat engine is examined, and a comparative study between the efficiencies of the three configurations is presented. The study assumes two interaction scenarios for the central atom: either with a single chain (resulting in a two‐qubit system after transformation) or with three Heisenberg chains. The results demonstrate that increasing the ratio between the central atom's frequency in the hot bath and the cold bath leads to an enhancement in positive work performed for the and cases. In the case, the magnitude of this enhancement exhibits a dependence on the system's temperature. The QOC employing the configuration working fluid exhibits superior efficiency compared to the other two configurations. Moreover, increasing the central atom's relative frequency improves efficiency for all three cases.
Durch Licht Aufladbare Mn‐Basierte Metall‐Organische Gerüstverbindungen und Davon Entkoppelte Photokatalyse
Authors: Wu Shufan , Stanley Philip M. , Deger Simon N. , Hussain Mian Zahid , Jentys Andreas , Warnan Julien 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDie Entwicklung von multifunktionalen Materialien, die die Hell‐Dunkel‐Entkopplung der natürlichen Photosynthese nachahmen, ist eine zentrale Herausforderung im Bereich der Energieumwandlung. In diesem Artikel stellen wir MnBr‐253 vor, eine edelmetallfreie metall‐organische Gerüstverbindung (MOF), die aus Al‐Metallknotenpunkten, Bipyridin Linkern und MnBr(CO)3(Bipyridin)‐Komplexen aufgebaut ist. Bei Bestrahlung zeigen die MnBr‐253 Kolloide eine Elektronen‐Photoladekapazität von ~42 C ⋅ g−1MOF, mit kompetetiver Photoladerate (1.28 C ⋅ s−1 ⋅ g−1MOF) und einer Umwandlungseffizienz von einfallenden Photonen in Elektronen von ~9,4 % bei 450 nm. Spektroskopische und rechnerische Studien belegen eine effektive Elektronenakkumulation an dem Mn‐Komplex, während die hohe Porosität und Mn‐Beladung die bemerkenswerte Elektronenspeicherleistung erklären. Die geladenen MnBr‐253‐Pulver wurden erfolgreich für die Wasserstoffproduktion unter dunklen Bedingungen eingesetzt und damit die vom Licht entkoppelte Reaktivität der Photosynthese nachgeahmt.
Electrochemically Generated Carbocations in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Hawkins Bill C. , Chalker Justin M. , Coote Michelle L. , Bissember Alex C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis Minireview examines a selection of case studies that showcase distinctive and enabling electrochemical approaches that have allowed for the generation and reaction of carbocation intermediates under mild conditions. Particular emphasis is placed on the progress that has been made in this area of organic synthesis and polymer chemistry over the past decade.
C−S‐Selektive Stille‐Kupplung zur Synthese stereodefinierter Alkene
Authors: Jing Jing , Hu Ying , Tian Zhenfeng , Wang Yicheng , Yao Liqin , Qiu Lipeng , Ackermann Lutz , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Li Jie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn dieser Arbeit wird eine Palladium‐katalysierte, hochselektive C−S‐Stille‐Kreuzkupplung zwischen Arylthianthreniumsalzen und tri‐ oder tetrasubstituierten Alkenylstannanen präsentiert. Dabei werden Herausforderungen wie die Kontrolle der Positions‐ und Chemoselektivität durch C−H‐Thianthrenierung und C−S‐Alkenylierung erfolgreich gelöst, wodurch ein nützlicher Zugang zu stereodefinierten tri‐ und tetrasubstituierten Alkenen stereoretentiv ermöglicht wird. Die Palladium‐katalysierte Stille‐Alkenylierung von poly(pseudo)halogenierten Arenen zeigt die privilegierte Fähigkeit, C−S‐ über C−I‐, C−Br‐ und C−Cl‐Bindungen sowie Triflate (C−OTf), Tosylate (C−OTs), Carbamate und Sulfamate unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen zu differenzieren. Sequenzielle und mehrfache Kreuzkupplungen durch selektive C−X‐Funktionalisierung sollten bei zunehmender funktioneller Molekülkomplexität breit einsetzbar sein. Der modulare Einbau von stereospezifischen Alken‐Motiven in Pharmazeutika veranschaulicht die synthetische Anwendung in der Arzneimittelforschung.
Chemiexcitation Acceleration of 1,2‐Dioxetanes by Spiro‐Fused Six‐Member Rings with Electron‐Withdrawing Motifs
Authors: David Maya , Leirikh Thomas , Shelef Omri , Gutkin Sara , Kopp Tal , Zhou Qingyang , Ma Pengchen , Fridman Micha , Houk Kendall N. , Shabat Doron 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe chemiluminescent light‐emission pathway of phenoxy‐1,2‐dioxetane luminophores attracts growing interest within the scientific community. Dioxetane probes undergoing rapid flash‐type chemiexcitation exhibit higher detection sensitivity than those with a slow glow‐type chemiexcitation rate. We discovered that dioxetanes fused to non‐strained six‐member rings, with hetero atoms or inductive electron‐withdrawing groups, present both accelerated chemiexcitation rates and elevated chemical stability compared to dioxetanes fused to four‐member strained rings. DFT computational simulations supported the chemiexcitation acceleration observed by spiro‐fused six‐member rings with inductive electron‐withdrawing groups of dioxetanes. Specifically, a spiro‐dioxetane with a six‐member sulfone ring exhibited a chemiexcitation rate 293‐fold faster than that of spiro‐adamantyl‐dioxetane. A turn‐ON dioxetane probe for the detection of the enzyme β‐galactosidase, containing the six‐member sulfone unit, exhibited a S/N value of 108 in LB cell growth medium. This probe demonstrated a substantial increase in detection sensitivity towards E. coli bacterial cells expressing β‐galactosidase, with an LOD value that is 44‐fold more sensitive than that obtained by the adamantyl counterpart. The accelerated chemiexcitation and the elevated chemical stability presented by dioxetane containing a spiro‐fused six‐member ring with a sulfone inductive electron‐withdrawing group, make it an ideal candidate for designing efficient turn‐on chemiluminescent probes with exceptionally high detection sensitivity.
Porous Organic Cage as an Efficient Platform for Industrial Radioactive Iodine Capture
Authors: Liu Xiongli , Zhang Zhiyuan , Shui Feng , Zhang Shuo , Li Lin , Wang Junhua , Yi Mao , You Zifeng , Yang Shiqi , Yang Rufeng , Wang Shan , Liu Yilian , Zhao Qiao , Li Baiyan , Bu Xian‐He , Ma Shengqian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHerein, we firstly develop porous organic cage (POC) as an efficient platform for highly effective radioactive iodine capture under industrial operating conditions (typically ≥150 °C), ≤150 ppmv of I2). Due to the highly dispersed and readily accessible binding sites as well as sufficient accommodating space, the constructed NKPOC‐DT‐(I−) (NKPOC=Nankai porous organic cage) demonstrates a record‐high I2 uptake capacity of 48.35 wt % and extraordinary adsorption capacity of unit ionic site (~1.62) at 150 °C and 150 ppmv of I2. The I2 capacity is 3.5, 1.6, and 1.3 times higher than industrial silver‐based adsorbents Ag@MOR and benchmark materials of TGDM and 4F‐iCOF‐TpBpy‐I− under the same conditions. Furthermore, NKPOC‐DT‐(I−)Me exhibits remarkable adsorption kinetics (k1=0.013 min−1), which is 1.2 and 1.6 times higher than TGDM and 4F‐iCOF‐TpBpy‐I− under the identical conditions. NKPOC‐DT‐(I−)Me thus sets a new benchmark for industrial radioactive I2 adsorbents. This work not only provides a new insight for effectively enhancing the adsorption capacity of unit functional sites, but also advances POC as an efficient platform for radioiodine capture in industry.
Antiferromagnetic Ordering in A One‐Dimensional Organic Copper Chloride Hybrid Insulator
Authors: Islam Md Sazedul , Comstock Andrew , Hua Zhenqi , Thapa Puja , He Yufang , Ben‐Akacha Azza , Liu He , Manny Tarannuma Ferdous , Viera Jarek , Lin Xinsong , Ouyang Bin , Xiong Peng , Sun Dali , Ma Biwu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLow dimensional (LD) organic metal halide hybrids (OMHHs) have recently emerged as new generation functional materials with exceptional structural and property tunability. Despite the remarkable advances in the development of LD OMHHs, optical properties have been the major functionality extensively investigated for most of LD OMHHs developed to date, while other properties, such as magnetic and electronic properties, remain significantly under‐explored. Here, we report for the first time the characterization of the magnetic and electronic properties of a 1D OMHH, organic‐copper (II) chloride hybrid (C8H22N2)Cu2Cl6. Owing to the antiferromagnetic coupling between Cu atoms through chloride bridges in 1D [Cu2Cl62−]∞ chains, (C8H22N2)Cu2Cl6 is found to exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering with a Néel temperature of 24 K. The two‐terminal (2T) electrical measurement on a (C8H22N2)Cu2Cl6 single crystal reveals its insulating nature. This work shows the potential of LD OMHHs as a highly tunable quantum material platform for spintronics.
Molecular Bridging Induced Anti‐Salting‐Out Effect Enabling High Ionic Conductive ZnSO4‐Based Hydrogel for Quasi‐Solid‐State Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Huang Song , Gao Liang , Zhang Zicheng , Wang Qinyang , Hu Zuyang , Lin Xiaoting , Li Yulong , Lin Zequn , Zhang Yufei , Tang Yongchao , Wen Zhipeng , Ye Minghui , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Cheng Chao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrogel electrolytes (HEs) hold great promise in tackling severe issues emerging in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries, but the prevalent salting‐out effect of kosmotropic salt causes low ionic conductivity and electrochemical instability. Herein, a subtle molecular bridging strategy is proposed to enhance the compatibility between PVA and ZnSO4 from the perspective of hydrogen‐bonding microenvironment re‐construction. By introducing urea containing both an H‐bond acceptor and donor, the broken H‐bonds between PVA and H2O, initiated by the SO42−‐driven H2O polarization, could be re‐united via intense intermolecular hydrogen bonds, thus leading to greatly increased carrying capacity of ZnSO4. The urea‐modified PVA‐ZnSO4 HEs featuring a high ionic conductivity up to 31.2 mS cm−1 successfully solves the sluggish ionic transport dilemma at the solid‐solid interface. Moreover, an organic solid‐electrolyte‐interphase can be derived from the in situ electro‐polymerization of urea to prohibit H2O‐involved side reactions, thereby prominently improving the reversibility of Zn chemistry. Consequently, Zn anodes witness an impressive lifespan extension from 50 h to 2200 h at 0.1 mA cm−2 while the Zn‐I2 full battery maintains a remarkable Coulombic efficiency (>99.7 %) even after 8000 cycles. The anti‐salting‐out strategy proposed in this work provides an insightful concept for addressing the phase separation issue of functional HEs.
Stable Meisenheimer Complexes as Powerful Photoreductants Readily Obtained from Aza‐Hetero Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Calogero Francesco , Wilczek Leonie , Pinosa Emanuele , Gualandi Andrea , Dorta Romano , Herrera Alberto , Dai Yasi , Rossignol Arthur , Negri Fabrizia , Ziani Zakaria , Fermi Andrea , Ceroni Paola , Cozzi Pier Giorgio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExcited states of radical anions derived from the photoreduction of stable organic molecules are suggested to serve as potent reductants. However, excited states of these species are too short‐lived to allow bimolecular quenching processes. Recently, the singlet excited state of Meisenheimer complexes, which possess a long‐lived excited state, was identified as the competent species for the reduction of challenging organic substrates (−2.63 V vs. SCE, saturated calomel electrode). To produce reasonably stable and simply accessible different Meisenheimer complexes, the addition of nBuLi to readily available aromatic heterocycles was investigated, and the photoreactivity of the generated species was studied. In this paper, we present the straightforward preparation of a family of powerful photoreductants (*Eox<−3 V vs. SCE in their excited states, determined by DFT and time‐dependent TD‐DFT calculations; DFT, density functional theory) that can induce dehalogenation of electron‐rich aryl chlorides and to form C−C bond through radical cyclization. Photophysical analyses and computational studies in combination with experimental mechanistic investigations demonstrate the ability of the adduct to act as a strong electron donor under visible light irradiation.
A Paramagnetic Nickel–Zinc Hydride Complex
Authors: Perez‐Jimenez Marina , Geoghegan Blaise L. , Collauto Alberto , Rößler Maxie M. , Crimmin Mark R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReaction of a molecular zinc–hydride [{(ArNCMe)2CH}ZnH] (Ar=2,6‐di‐isopropylphenyl) with 0.5 equiv. of [Ni(CO)Cp]2 led to the isolation of a nickel–zinc hydride complex containing a bridging 3‐centre,2‐electron Ni−H−Zn interaction. This species has been characterized in the solid‐state by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. DFT calculations are consistent with its formulation as a σ‐complex derived from coordination of the zinc–hydride to a paramagnetic nickel(I) fragment. Continuous‐wave and pulse EPR experiments suggest that this species is labile in solution. Further experiments show that in the presence of catalytic quantities of nickel(I) precursors, zinc–hydride bonds can undergo either H/D‐exchange with D2 or dehydrocoupling to form Zn−Zn bonds. In combination, the data support the activation and functionalisation of zinc–hydride bonds at nickel(I) centres.
Nanocarriers for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: A succinct review of conventional and repositioned drugs in the last decade
Authors: Bayoumi Mahitab , Youshia John , Arafa Mona G. , Nasr Maha , Sammour Omaima A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme is a very combative and threatening type of cancer. The standard course of treatment involves excising the tumor surgically, then administering chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Because of the presence of the blood–brain barrier and the unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, chemotherapy is extremely difficult and has a high incidence of relapse. With their capacity to precisely target and transport therapeutic medications to the tumor while overcoming the challenges provided by invasive and infiltrative gliomas, nanocarriers offer a potentially beneficial treatment option for gliomas. Drug repositioning or, in other words, finding novel therapeutic uses for medications that have received approval for previous uses has also recently emerged to provide alternative treatments for many diseases, with glioblastoma being among them. In this article, our goal is to shed light on the pathogenesis of glioma and summarize the proposed treatment approaches in the last decade, highlighting how combining repositioned drugs and nanocarriers technology can reduce drug resistance and improve therapeutic efficacy in primary glioma.
Novel drug design and repurposing: An opportunity to improve translational research in cardiovascular diseases?
Authors: Rodríguez‐Zavala José S. , Zazueta Cecilia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDrug repurposing is defined as the use of approved therapeutic drugs for indications different from those for which they were originally designed. Repositioning diminishes both the time and cost for drug development by omitting the discovery stage, the analysis of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion routes, as well as the studies of the biochemical and physiological effects of a new compound. Besides, drug repurposing takes advantage of the increased bioinformatics knowledge and availability of big data biology. There are many examples of drugs with repurposed indications evaluated in in vitro studies, and in pharmacological, preclinical, or retrospective clinical analyses. Here, we briefly review some of the experimental strategies and technical advances that may improve translational research in cardiovascular diseases. We also describe exhaustive research from basic science to clinical studies that culminated in the final approval of new drugs and provide examples of successful drug repurposing in the field of cardiology.
Students with prior anatomy experience start out stronger in medical school gross anatomy
Authors: Louro Marlene D. , Meegan Grace , Rudin Lauren R. , Granatosky Michael C. , Thompson Nathan E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGross anatomy is a crucial course in medical school; it sets the foundation for future coursework and is highly valued by clinicians. While both medical students and faculty recognize the importance of pre‐medical school anatomy experience, few medical schools require it as a prerequisite. Consequently, medical school gross anatomy courses have a diverse range of prior anatomy experience among students. Prior studies have shown mixed results regarding the impact of pre‐medical school anatomy experience on medical school gross anatomy performance, often using final exam scores as the metric of analysis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between pre‐medical school anatomy experience and medical school gross anatomy performance among students at New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine. We surveyed students from all four matriculated years and analyzed their individual anatomy laboratory exam scores and final anatomy laboratory course scores. We found that students with prior anatomy experience performed significantly better on the first anatomy laboratory exam, leading to an overall positive effect on their final anatomy laboratory score. However, this advantage seemed to diminish in subsequent exams, suggesting that students without prior experience rapidly adjusted to the course challenges. Students with prior anatomy experience felt more prepared for the anatomy course, reported lower stress levels, and believed they had an advantage over peers without prior experience. Our study highlights the importance of pre‐medical school anatomy experience, particularly for early performance in the anatomy course.
Structure Optimization for Cellulose‐Based Separator through Fiber Size Regulation for High Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Zhenghao , Lu Zongtao , Zhang Tianyou , Qin Bingsen , Yan Wei , Dong Li , Dong Jie , Ma Chunxiang , Chen Zhiping , Li Wei , Zheng Yun , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCellulose‐based separator exhibits excellent electrolyte affinity, thermal stability, and mechanical strength, which acts as a promising alternative to commercial polyolefin separators in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Fiber size in cellulose‐based separators plays a crucial role in determining their physicochemical structure and mechanical strength, as well as the electrochemical performance of corresponding LMBs. Herein, the fiber size in cellulose‐based separators was first time regulated to optimize their mechanical stability and the related battery performance. The influences of fiber size in the separator on chemical structure, mechanical properties, surface morphology, electrochemical behavior were investigated in detail, in which the underlying mechanism between separator structure and the related performance was elucidated. As a result, the separator optimized by fiber size regulation exhibited excellent thermal stability under 180 °C, good tensile strengths of 6.0 MPa and Young's moduli of 315.9 MPa, superior room temperature ionic conductivity of 1.87 mS cm−1, as well as significantly improved electrochemical performance of corresponding batteries. It can be concluded that structure optimization for cellulose‐based separator through fiber size regulation is an effective and indispensable approach towards high safety and high performance LMBs.
Science in Community: Anatomy, Academy, and Argument in the Eighteenth‐Century Holy Roman Empire**
Authors: Böttcher Julia Carina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding physicians as actors who implemented the early modern ideal of collective empiricism into their practices within the local contexts of everyday life, the paper explores two cases from imperial cities in southern Germany in the 1720s and 1780s in which anatomical studies were contested. By analyzing the strategies and arguments that the two physicians used to justify and continue their anatomical dissections, it focuses on their references to different kinds of (local) community and relates these references to another type of collective: membership in a scientific academy. To examine references to community, it is proposed, offers an opportunity to better understand the spread and practice of the ideal of the study of nature as a collective project and how it was intertwined with concepts and structures of order and society in the Holy Roman Empire.
Tangential flow filtration‐facilitated purification of human red blood cell membrane fragments and its preferential use in removing unencapsulated material from resealed red blood cell ghosts compared to centrifugation
Authors: Gu Xiangming , Palmer Andre F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe biodistribution of many therapeutics is controlled by the immune system. In addition, some molecules are cytotoxic when not encapsulated inside of larger cellular structures, such as hemoglobin (Hb) encapsulation inside of red blood cells (RBCs). To counter immune system recognition and cytotoxicity, drug delivery systems based on red blood cell membrane fragments (RBCMFs) have been proposed as a strategy for creating immunoprivileged therapeutics. However, the use of RBCMFs for drug delivery applications requires purification of RBCMFs at large scale from lysed RBCs free of their intracellular components. In this study, we were able to successfully use tangential flow filtration (TFF) to remove >99% of cell‐free Hb from lysed RBCs at high concentrations (30%–40% v/v), producing RBCMFs that were 2.68 ± 0.17 μm in diameter. We were also able to characterize the RBCMFs more thoroughly than prior work, including measurement of particle zeta potential, along with individual TFF diacycle data on the cell‐free Hb concentration in solution and time per diacycle, as well as concentration and size of the RBCMFs. In addition to purifying RBCMFs from lysed RBCs, we utilized a hypertonic solution to reseal purified RBCMFs encapsulating a model protein (Hb) to yield resealed Hb‐encapsulated RBC ghosts (Hb‐RBCGs). TFF was then compared against centrifugation as an alternative method for removing unencapsulated Hb from Hb‐RBCGs, and the effects that each washing method on the resulting Hb‐RBCG biophysical properties was assessed.