bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different In Vitro Aging Methods on Color Stability of a Dental Resin‐Based Composite Using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 Color‐Difference Formulas
Authors: de Oliveira Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles , Ayres Ana Paula Almeida , Rocha Mateus Garcia , Giannini Marcelo , Puppin Rontani Regina Maria , Ferracane Jack L. , Sinhoreti Mario Alexandre Coelho 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of different in vitro aging methods on color change (CC) of an experimental dental resin‐based composite using CIELAB (ΔEab) and CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) color‐difference formulas.Materials and MethodsThe CC was evaluated with a spectrophotometer (CM700d, Konica Minolta, Tokyo, Japan) according to the CIE chromatic space. Disk‐shaped specimens (Φ = 5 × 1 mm thick) (N = 10) were submitted to different in vitro aging methods: 30 days of water aging (WA); 120 hours of ultraviolet light aging (UVA); or 300 hours of an accelerated artificial aging (AAA) method with cycles of 4 hours of UV‐B light exposure and 4 hours of moisture condensation to induce CC. The temperature was standardized at 37°C for all aging methods. CC was evaluated with ΔEab and ΔE00 formulas. Differences in individual Lab coordinates were also calculated. Data for the individual color parameters were submitted to one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05).ResultsAll in vitro aging methods tested induced CC, in the following order: WA: ΔEab= 0.83 (0.1); ΔE00 = 1.15 (0.1) < AAA: ΔEab = 5.64 (0.2); ΔE00 = 5.01 (0.1) < UVA: ΔEab = 6.74 (0.2); ΔE00 = 6.03 (0.4). No changes in L* or a* coordinates were ≥1; the methods with UV aging showed a yellowing effect due a large positive change in b*.ConclusionsAll in vitro aging methods tested induced a CC, but to different extents. Changes in color followed similar trends, but with different absolute values when calculated with the CIELAB and the CIEDE2000 formulas.Clinical SignificanceEstablishing the efficacy of different artificial aging methods and differences between color change using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas are important to standardize color stability evaluations and facilitate the comparison of outcomes from different studies in the literature.
Effect of Bleaching Treatment on Fatigue Resistance and Flexural Strength of Bovine Dentin
Authors: Tam Laura E. , Cho Woohyun , Wang Bridget Y. , De Souza Grace 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effects of bleach on dentin fatigue resistance and flexural strength.Materials and MethodsEighty bovine dentin specimens (2 × 2 × 17 mm) were treated with: placebo or 10% carbamide peroxide bleach. Treatment was applied for 6 hours/day for 2 or 8 weeks. After treatment, 10 specimens per group were subjected to fatigue testing (106 cycles) whereas the other 10 were stored in artificial saliva as fatigue controls. The specimens undergoing fatigue were checked daily for visible signs of fracture and excluded from subsequent flexural strength tests if fractured. Fatigue control and surviving fatigued specimens were subjected to flexural strength testing. Chi‐square, Kruskal–Wallis, factorial analysis of variance (p < 0.05) and Mann–Whitney (p < 0.002) tests were performed.ResultsThere were significant differences in fatigue resistance (p = 0.003) and flexural strength rank scores (p < 0.0001) among the groups. None of the specimens in the “8‐week bleach” group survived the fatigue testing. Fatigue (p = 0.005) and interaction of time and treatment (p = 0.039) were significant factors in the flexural strength results. Fatigued specimens had lower flexural strength than nonfatigued and “8‐week bleach” had lower flexural strength than placebo and “2‐week bleach” groups.ConclusionsProlonged direct bleaching of bovine dentin reduces its fatigue resistance and flexural strength in vitro. Further research is needed in this area.Clinical SignificanceIt remains prudent to advise patients to limit their exposure to tooth bleaching materials by avoiding direct application of bleach to exposed dentin and by minimizing the duration of bleach treatment.
The Drying Kinetics and Polyphenol Degradation of Cocoa Beans
Authors: Teh Queena Tzyy Mei , Tan Grace Li Yin , Loo Siew Mei , Azhar Fitriyah Zainol , Menon Abhay Santhanam , Hii Ching Lik 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study investigated the kinetics of drying and polyphenol degradation during hot air and sun drying of cocoa beans. Hot air drying was carried out using a constant humidity‐controlled (50% relative humidity) oven at temperature range of 60–80C, and sun drying was carried out by exposing the beans under direct sunlight. Several semi‐theoretical models were used to model the kinetics of moisture diffusion and it was found that the Page and Logarithmic models were able to provide good prediction. A first‐order reaction kinetics was used to predict the polyphenol degradation process with rate constants ranging from 0.011/h to 0.052/h. Activation energy for polyphenol degradation was determined at 8.97 kJ/mol using the Arrhenius equation. Effective diffusivity during drying was found within the order of magnitude (10−12–10−10 m2/s) reported in most drying literatures.Practical ApplicationsThe understanding of moisture diffusion is important in dryer design especially in the determination of effective diffusivities during drying. Polyphenols are important antioxidants that are beneficial to human health. By investigating the polyphenol degradation kinetics, this helps to link the reactions with moisture diffusion kinetics.
Effects of Mechanical and Enzymatic Pretreatments on Extraction of Polyphenols from Blackberry Fruits
Authors: Soto Marvin , Acosta Oscar , Vaillant Fabrice , Pérez Ana 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of mechanical and enzymatic pretreatments on the extraction of anthocyanins and ellagitannins from blackberries. Continuous pressing yielded significantly higher turbidity values and content of anthocyanins and ellagitannins (P < 0.05) compared with discontinuous pressing. The use of enzymatic pretreatment also significantly increased the extraction of polyphenolic compounds (P < 0.05), in particular that of total ellagitannins, on average from 437 to 982 mg ellagic acid equivalents/100 g (dry basis) when using discontinuous pressing. When microfiltration was used, the content of ellagitannins and anthocyanins was found to be similar in both feed and permeate when discontinuous press was used to extract the juice, but a significant decrease of 34% (dry basis) was found in the concentration of ellagitannins when continuous pressing was used (P < 0.05). These results should be useful for future efforts to increase the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from fruits and vegetables.Practical ApplicationsBlackberries have high contents of potentially bioactive polyphenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins and ellagitannins. Therefore, processes must be optimized not only to obtain large amounts of juice from this fruit, but also to efficiently extract the compounds of interest. The methodology and results presented in this study should be beneficial for processors that aim to increase the recovery of potentially bioactive polyphenolic compounds from fruit using mechanical and enzymatic pretreatments. Furthermore, this study evaluated the potential of cross‐flow microfiltration as a viable operation for cold stabilization of blackberry juice, while obtaining acceptable permeate flux and membrane retention of the compounds of interest. It is envisioned that this technology could be used in the same manner to ensure the microbiological stability of polyphenolic‐enriched fruit juices and extracts.
Extraction of Minor Compounds (Chlorophylls and Carotenoids) from Yarrow–Rose Hip Mixtures by Traditional versus Green Technique
Authors: Pavlić Branimir , Ðurković Ana Vasić , Vladić Jelena , Gavarić Aleksandra , Zeković Zoran , Tepić Aleksandra , Vidović Senka 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNowadays, various branches from food industry generate large amount of by‐products that are often underutilized, which could have negative environmental impact and increase the price of the raw material as it is not completely utilized in the production. Mixtures of two interesting plants (yarrow and rose hip) with different ratios, obtained as by‐products from filter‐tea factory, have been extracted with organic solvents and with environmentally friendly technology, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). In the obtained extracts, quantitative content of minor plant pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) was determined and technologies were compared. Moreover, the effect of SFE parameters on yields of chlorophylls and carotenoids was determined. The results showed that SFE could be used as a good alternative for extraction of plant pigments from Achillea millefolium L. and Rosa canina L. mixtures. Besides plant pigments, the obtained extracts were rich in other nonpolar compounds from plant mixtures. Utilization of herbal waste provided value‐added products, rich in various health benefit compounds.Practical ApplicationsCurrently, there is growing interest for developing economically feasible and environmentally friendly processes for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant material. Moreover, sustainable and relatively cheap raw material should be utilized in the production. Therefore, waste and by‐products from the food industry, e.g., plant material from filter‐tea factory with small mean particle size, could be used. Traditional technologies used for extraction of chlorophylls and carotenoids are no longer environmentally acceptable and alternative green technologies, such as supercritical fluid extraction, should be considered. This research provides a comparison of green and traditional processes for plant pigment extraction and studies effects of process parameters (pressure and temperature) on yields of the investigated compounds. It also utilizes by‐products of two medicinal plants (yarrow and rose hip) as raw material for extraction as herbal dust generated in filter‐tea factory could not be used for tea bags filling.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance of Motile Aeromonas spp. from Fish and Ground Beef
Authors: Arslan Seza , Küçüksari Rümeysa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMotile Aeromonas spp. were isolated from 49 (44.1%) of 111 meat samples (74 fish and 37 ground beef). In this study, 31 (27.9%) isolates were identified as Aeromonas caviae, nine (8.1%) as A. hydrophila and nine (8.1%) as A. veronii biovar sobria. We detected the phenotypic and genotypic virulence factors. All strains showed lipase activity, 95.9% showed proteinase activity, 95.9% showed DNase activity, 93.9% produced siderophores, 85.7% showed lecithinase activity, 53.1% showed hemolysin activity and 30.6% produced slime. Furthermore, cytotoxic (act, aerA and hlyA) and cytotonic enterotoxin (alt and ast) genes were found in 21 (42.9%) strains. The strains carried at least one enterotoxin gene. Only one strain (A. hydrophila) carried all five genes. The act gene was the most frequently observed gene among all strains (22.4%). In an antimicrobial susceptibility test, 100% of strains were resistant to ampicillin followed by vancomycin (91.8%). Multidrug resistance to at least three or more agents was observed in 66.7% of A. hydrophila, 61.3% of A. caviae and 33.3% of A. veronii biovar sobria strains.Practical ApplicationsAeromonas spp. are ubiquitous aquatic organisms and are commonly isolated from food and water. They have emerged as an important human pathogen because of diarrhea related to foodborne outbreaks. Furthermore, these opportunistic bacteria have been associated with various human infections, such as peritonitis, endocarditis, septicemia and urinary tract infections. These bacteria are also predominantly pathogenic to aquatic animals, especially fish. This study indicates that the presence of motile Aeromonas spp. with virulence potential in meat may be a threat to public health. Thus, the potential health risk due to the consumption of inadequately cooked fish and ground beef harboring motile Aeromonas species should not be underestimated.
Effectiveness of an Adapted Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle Intervention in Older and Younger Adults
Authors: Brokaw Sarah M. , Carpenedo Dorota , Campbell Paul , Butcher Marcene K. , Furshong Ginny , Helgerson Steven D. , Harwell Todd S. ,   the Montana Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Prevention Workgroup
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo compare participation, self‐monitoring behaviors, and weight loss outcomes in older and younger participants in an adapted Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention.DesignPre‐ and postevaluation of outcomes in participants enrolled in the Montana Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and DPP lifestyle intervention from 2008 through 2012.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsAdults at high risk for CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (N = 3,804).MeasurementsNumber of core (16 weekly sessions) and postcore (6 monthly sessions) intervention sessions attended, weekly self‐monitoring of fat intake and minutes of physical activity, weight loss outcomes and achievement of the weight loss goal, and improvements in CVD‐related risk factors.ResultsParticipants aged 65 and older were significantly more likely to attend more intervention sessions, self‐monitor their fat intake, and achieve the physical activity and weight loss goals than those younger than 65. Older and younger participants experienced significant improvements in CVD‐related risk factors.ConclusionOlder adults at high risk of CVD and diabetes mellitus participating in an adapted DPP lifestyle intervention had higher participation and self‐monitoring rates than younger participants, were more likely to achieve physical activity and weight loss goals, and achieved similar CVD risk reduction.
Efficacy of a Physician‐Led Multiparametric Telemonitoring System in Very Old Adults with Heart Failure
Authors: Pedone Claudio , Rossi Francesca Flavia , Cecere Annagrazia , Costanzo Luisa , Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of an innovative model integrating telemonitoring of vital parameters and telephone support on 6‐month survival and hospital admissions of elderly adults with heart failure (HF).DesignParallel‐arm, randomized trial.SettingGeriatric acute care ward and outpatient clinic at Policlinico Campus Biomedico (Rome, Italy).ParticipantsIndividuals with HF aged 65 and older (mean age 80) randomly assigned to intervention (n = 50) or control (n = 46). Participants had an average ejection fraction of 46%.InterventionTelemonitoring system (receives and communicates oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure readings) and office‐hours telephonic support provided by a geriatrician.MeasurementsCombination of all‐cause death and hospital admissions.ResultsThe two groups were similar with the exception of the prevalence of women and of disability (both more common in the control group). Three patients for each group were lost to follow‐up (final analyzed sample size: 90). Incidence of the main outcome was 42% in the control group and 21% in the intervention group (relative risk = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.26–0.98). The results were unchanged after taking into account the setting of enrollment, sex, and disability (hazard ratio = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.19–0.94).ConclusionTelemonitoring of elderly people with HF is feasible and reduces the risk of death and hospitalization. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the cost‐efficacy of the service.
Attenuated Age‐Related Increases in Arterial Stiffness in Japanese and American Women
Authors: Tanaka Hirofumi , Miyachi Motohiko , Murakami Haruka , Maeda Seiji , Sugawara Jun 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe United States and Japan have similar standards of living, healthcare systems, and industrializations but exhibit markedly divergent life expectancies both at birth and at later ages (50 or 65 years old). Arterial stiffness has been widely regarded as a barometer of biological or physiological aging and could provide insight into the inter‐country differences.ObjectivesTo determine whether the increases in arterial stiffness across the adult age range are greater in U.S. than Japanese adults.DesignCross‐sectional analyses.SettingLaboratory‐based study.ParticipantsHealthy, nonsmoking Japanese (n = 400) and U.S. (n = 400) adults without cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.MeasurementsIndices of arterial stiffness, including carotid‐femoral (cfPWV) and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured, along with a variety of ancillary measures. The recruitment method, measurement technique, and protocol were standardized and identical between U.S. and Japanese facilities.ResultscfPWV and baPWV increased progressively with advancing age in all subgroups (stratified according to sex and country). The rates of age‐related increases in arterial stiffness were not different between U.S. and Japanese men, but age‐associated increases in cfPWV were significantly greater in U.S. than Japanese women, widening the intercountry differences at older age ranges.ConclusionJapanese women had smaller increases in central arterial stiffness with advancing age than U.S. women.
Behind the Wheel: Predictors of Driving Exposure in Older Drivers
Authors: Coxon Kristy , Chevalier Anna , Lo Serigne , Ivers Rebecca , Brown Julie , Keay Lisa 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo explore and deepen understanding of factors influencing driving exposure for older drivers.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingBaseline data on function and driving exposure from 1 week of driving were evaluated.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 380 drivers aged 75 and older, residing in northwest Sydney, was recruited. Participants were required to be the primary drivers of their own vehicle.MeasurementsDriver function was evaluated using the DriveSafe and DriveAware clinic‐based assessments to measure visual attention to the driving environment and awareness of driving ability. Demographic information was obtained through interview. An in‐vehicle monitoring device with data logger and GPS receiver, was used to measure driving exposure in 362 of 380 participants' vehicles. Driving exposure outcomes were total distance driven, furthest distance traveled from home, and average trip length. Factors influencing these exposure outcomes were analyzed using generalized linear regression.ResultsDrivers typically drove 100 km in local and surrounding areas during the week. Function was predictive of all driving exposure outcomes. Drivers with lower levels of function drove fewer kilometers and took shorter trips closer to home. Age, health status, and personal circumstance (e.g., rural residence) also influenced exposure, but sex did not.ConclusionUsing objective measures, this study provides evidence that function, age, health status, and personal circumstance influence driving exposure of older drivers. Understanding how older people use driving to preserve their independence is important for exploring safe driving strategies for older people.
Preliminary Data from the Caring for Older Adults and Caregivers at Home (COACH) Program: A Care Coordination Program for Home‐Based Dementia Care and Caregiver Support in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Authors: D'Souza Maria F. , Davagnino Judith , Hastings S. Nicole , Sloane Richard , Kamholz Barbara , Twersky Jack 
Published: June 2015

Caring for Older Adults and Caregivers at Home (COACH) is an innovative care coordination program of the Durham Veteran's Affairs Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina, that provides home‐based dementia care and caregiver support for individuals with dementia and their family caregivers, including attention to behavioral symptoms, functional impairment, and home safety, on a consultation basis. The objectives of this study were to describe the COACH program in its first 2 years of operation, assess alignment of program components with quality measures, report characteristics of program participants, and compare rates of placement outside the home with those of a nontreatment comparison group using a retrospective cohort design. Participants were community‐dwelling individuals with dementia aged 65 and older who received primary care in the medical center's outpatient clinics and their family caregivers, who were enrolled as dyads (n = 133), and a control group of dyads who were referred to the program and met clinical eligibility criteria but did not enroll (n = 29). Measures included alignment with Dementia Management Quality Measures and time to placement outside the home during 12 months of follow‐up after referral to COACH. Results of the evaluation demonstrated that COACH aligns with nine of 10 clinical process measures identified using quality measures and that COACH delivers several other valuable services to enhance care. Mean time to placement outside the home was 29.6 ± 14.3 weeks for both groups (P = .99). The present study demonstrates the successful implementation of a home‐based care coordination intervention for persons with dementia and their family caregivers that is strongly aligned with quality measures.
How Should Disability Be Measured in Older Adults? An Analysis from the Boston Rehabilitative Impairment Study of the Elderly
Authors: Beauchamp Marla K. , Bean Jonathan F. , Ward Rachel E. , Kurlinski Laura A. , Latham Nancy K. , Jette Alan M. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo determine and compare the predictive validity and responsiveness of the Late‐Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI) frequency and limitation dimensions in assessing two critical dimensions of disability: frequency of and limitations in performance of major life roles.DesignSecondary analysis of 2‐year follow‐up data from the Boston Rehabilitative Impairment Study of the Elderly.SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling older adults (≥65) (n = 430) at risk of mobility decline.MeasurementsThe LLFDI frequency and limitation dimensions, self‐rated health, hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits over 2 years. Responsiveness measures included effect size (ES) estimates and minimal detectable change (MDC) scores.ResultsThe LLFDI frequency dimension predicted low self‐rated health (odds ratio (OR) = 0.51, P < .001), hospitalizations (OR = 0.68, P < .001), and ED visits (OR = 0.73, P = .003) over 2 years, whereas the limitation dimension did not. The absolute ES was 0.63 for the frequency dimension and 0.81 for the limitation dimension. The proportion of subjects with a decline greater than or equal to the MDC was 10.6% for the frequency dimension and 14.2% for the limitation dimension. For participants who improved greater than or equal to the MDC, the proportion was 1.7% for the frequency dimension and 15.3% for the limitation dimension.ConclusionFrequency of participation in major life roles was a better predictor of adverse outcomes than perceived limitations, although limitations appeared to be more responsive to meaningful change. These results can be used to guide the selection of the most appropriate metric for measuring disability in geriatric research.