bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tetramerized Small‐Molecule Acceptor for Organic Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency, Stability, and Mechanical Robustness: Impact of Chain Length and Dispersity Effects
Authors: Lim Chulhee , Lee Jin‐Woo , Kim Dong Jun , Han Daehee , Phan Tan Ngoc‐Lan , Lee Seungjin , Kim Taek‐Soo , Kim Bumjoon J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiscrete dimer or multimer acceptors have enhanced the stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their slow diffusion kinetics resulting from their large molecular sizes. However, development of multimer acceptors with chain length longer than trimers has been challenging, which often require multistep reactions with low synthetic yield. In this study, a new discrete tetramer acceptor (TetA) using one‐pot reaction and subsequent purification processes is developed. During the purification, dimer (DA) and trimer acceptor (TA) are also obtained. The OSCs for TetA demonstrate a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.14% than those for the discrete acceptors with shorter chain lengths, such as monomer acceptor (MA, 12.85%), DA (14.31%), and TA (15.10%). Additionally, despite having a similar number‐average molecular weight, TetA‐based OSCs exhibit a significantly higher PCE (16.14%) compared to OSCs based on a mixture of the acceptors (MixA) with dispersity (10.72%). Furthermore, the TetA‐based OSCs have the highest photostability and mechanical robustness among the series. For example, TetA‐based OSCs demonstrate superior photostability (t70% lifetime = 2180 h under 1‐sun illumination) and mechanical robustness (crack‐onset strain (COS) = 8%) compared to those based on MA (t70% = 220 h, and COS = 2%), or MixA (t70% = 745 h, and COS = 6%).
Organic Crystals and Optical Functions in Biology: Knowns and Unknowns
Authors: Addadi Lia , Kronik Leeor , Leiserowitz Leslie , Oron Dan , Weiner Stephen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOrganic crystals are widely used by animals to manipulate light for producing structural colors and for improving vision. To date only seven crystal types are known to be used, and among them β‐guanine crystals are by far the most widespread. The fact that almost all these crystals have unusually high refractive indices (RIs) is consistent with their light manipulation function. Here, the physical, structural, and optical principles of how light interacts with the polarizable free‐electron‐rich environment of these quasiaromatic molecules are addressed. How the organization of these molecules into crystalline arrays introduces optical anisotropy and finally how organisms control crystal morphology and superstructural organization to optimize functions in light reflection and scattering are also discussed. Many open questions remain in this fascinating field, some of which arise out of this in‐depth analysis of the interaction of light with crystal arrays. More types of organic crystals will probably be discovered, as well as other organisms that use these crystals to manipulate light. The insights gained from biological systems can also be harnessed for improving synthetic light‐manipulating materials.
Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Microporous Structures via Phase‐Separation for Enhancing Long‐Term Plasticity in Artificial Synapses
Authors: Yang Hui Su , Kim Woojo , Yoo Hocheon , Lee Eun Kwang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractArtificial synapses, inspired by the intricate design of biological synapses, utilize electrical, chemical, and mechanical signals to transmit and retain information. Recent advances have involved research on artificial synapses based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), emphasizing low power consumption and rapid response times. A notable challenge arises when the gate voltage is removed, causing doped ions to return quickly to the electrolyte. A simple yet efficient approach is used to solve this problem: forming a microporous active layer using a phase separation method. This technique can maximize the contact area between the electrolyte and the active layer, enhancing ion doping/de‐doping in OECTs. Improvements in the product of hole mobility and volumetric capacitance is achieved. The electrostatic coupling effect and electrochemical doping in synaptic OECTs occur better than in the pristine active layer, yielding enhanced performance with higher short‐term and long‐term synaptic plasticity, compared to pristine OECTs. Moreover, improved ambipolar characteristics is shown by n‐dopant injection. This paper reports a way to improve performance by simply modifying the surface shape of the active layer using the phase separation, contributing to advancements in artificial synapses for neural networks.
Facile Lithographic Fabrication of Closed‐Loop Reentrant Micromesh via Shape Memory Effect‐Induced Suspension for Robust Liquid‐Repellency
Authors: Lee Gain , Kang Bong Su , Kim Minsu , Kwak Moon Kyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImprint lithography is one of the most used techniques for fabricating microstructures, owing to its high efficiency in both costs and time. However, imprinting has limited feasibility in realizing complex microstructures due to difficulties arising from the inherent limitations in the demolding process. Herein, a facile method is demonstrated for fabricating closed‐loop reentrant topographies with microscale meshes through a combination of imprint lithography and shape memory polymer (SMP). The mesh structure imprinted onto the pre‐pressed SMP pillar array can be elevated by utilizing the form‐switchable property of SMP to fabricate suspended micromesh. Suspended micromesh is fully supported by restored SMP micropillar array, exhibiting a closed‐loop shape that cannot be achieved with conventional imprint lithographic methods. Also, by the nature of reentrant geometry, liquid‐repellency can be realized even for liquids with a lower surface tension than water, offering numerous applications in self‐cleaning, droplet manipulation, and antifouling. Various liquid‐repellent performances of the fabricated suspended micromesh are investigated and compared to the theoretical expectations for a non‐wetting structure, confirming the successful establishment of reentrant topography in the fabricated structures. The proposed lithographic technique can be broadly utilized not only for liquid‐repellent surfaces but also for the fabrication of various functional structures.
Artificial intelligence in soil science: Where do we go now?
Authors: Castro Jose Pablo , Gasch Caley K. , Flores Paulo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecognizing the fast advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in soil science, the main objective of this commentary paper is to discuss how this technology is being incorporated into the discipline, focusing on the most common algorithms and their applications. Employing a discursive and reflective methodology, the article draws insights from the authors' expertise and opinions. The paper explores some ethical considerations and the potential impact of AI on the job market and calls for a balanced approach that maximizes the benefits of this technology while vigilantly mitigating its negative implications to ensure the integrity and inclusivity of the profession.Core Ideas
Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing soil science with advanced analytic and predictive modeling tools.
Ethical AI in soil science should focus on data integrity, privacy, and transparent research.
AI is reshaping the soil science job market, emphasizing the need for adaptability, and continuous learning.
Collaboration between technology and soil experts can lead to groundbreaking research and academic solutions.
AI, as a complementary tool, can enhance soil scientists' expertise, creativity, and problem‐solving abilities.
Influence of the odd‐even effect of dicarboxylic acids as crosslinker on the physicochemical properties of polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Gautam Leela , Warkar Sudhir G. , Jain Manish 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was crosslinked with a homologous series of four different dicarboxylic acids, HOOC(CH2) n‐2COOH (n = 2 to 5) viz. oxalic acid (OA; C2), malonic acid (MA; C3), succinic acid (SA; C4) and glutaric acid (GA; C5) containing odd and even number of carbon atoms. The characterization and assessment of synthesized crosslinked films were done using ATR‐FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, DSC, rheology, percent swelling and sessile drop contact angle. The odd‐even effect of dicarboxylic acids was observed to significantly influence the physicochemical properties of PVA when employed as a crosslinker. PVA films crosslinked using dicarboxylic acids containing an even number of carbon atoms, displayed translucency, roughness, and an irregular matrix. In contrast, films incorporating an odd number of carbon atoms were transparent, homogenous, and densely packed. Furthermore, films containing even acids exhibited relatively lower crystallinity, lower melting temperature (Tm) and displayed an unexpected irregular trend in swelling as crosslinker concentration increased compared to films containing dicarboxylic acids with an odd number of carbon atoms which exhibits a consistent swelling with increasing crosslinker concentration. These results are attributed to the difference in the solubility and crystal structures of the odd‐even series of dicarboxylic acids.
Electrokinetics of Nitrite to Ammonia Conversion in the Neutral Medium Over A Platinum Surface
Authors: Islam Md. Fahamidul , Shahriar Md. Hassan , Rahaman Mostafizur , Aoki Kentaro , Nagao Yuki , Aldalbahi Ali , Uddin Jamal , Hasnat Mohammad A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolycrystalline Pt electrode was employed to selectively convert nitrite ions (
) into useful nitrogenous compound through electrochemical reduction reaction in neutral medium. According to adsorptive stripping analysis, the reduction process produced nitric oxide (NO) on the surface of Pt electrode. The spectroscopic test and gas chromatographic studies discovered the presence of ammonia (NH3) in the electrolyzed solution, suggesting the transformation of adsorbed NO into NH3 during the reverse scan. Scan rate dependent investigation was performed to elucidate kinetic information relating to this reaction on Pt surface. From Ep vs scan rate (υ) and jp vs υ (logarithmic plot), it was found that the conversion of
ion into NO is an irreversible reaction which relies on the diffusion of
ions to electrode surface. The Tafel analysis unveiled that the first electron transfer sets the overall reaction rate, having formal reduction potential, E0’=−0.46 V and standard heterogeneous rate constant, k0=
cm s−1. Reductive transfer coefficient (α) is another kinetics parameter, which was found to be approximate 0.77 from the difference between Ep and Ep/2 of the voltammograms obtained over scan rate range 0.005 V s−1 to 0.250 V s−1, indicating a stepwise process. According to temperature‐dependent voltammograms, the nitrite reduction reaction on Pt had a calculated activation energy of about 19.8 kJ mol−1 and a pre‐exponential factor of about 8.39×103 mA cm−2.
Does the Nebra Sky Disk encode an early Bronze Age report of a galactic supernova?
Authors: Vogt Nikolaus , Crocco Juan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Nebra Disk is one of the earliest astronomical manifestations of humanity in Central Europe. We interpret the striking sevenfold stellar group shown on the disk as a celestial conjunction of the five naked‐eye visible planets together with Pollux and Castor in the constellation Gemini (happening in 2210BC) and the dominating large, filled circle as a bright supernova, probably corresponding to the remnant 3C58 in Cassiopeia. We believe that a close coincidence of these two extremely rare celestial events, that does never happen more than once in a human lifetime, could have impressed people of that epoch in a way that it was conveyed orally over several generations, until some Bronze Age artist created the Nebra Disk. If this interpretation is correct, it could offer a rather exact dating of a supernova explosion observed about 4200 years ago, more precise than any other dating methods for past supernova events, possibly leading to significant new insights into the underlying physics of supernovae.
Feasibility of artificial intelligence‐based measurement in psychotherapy practice: Patients' and clinicians' perspectives
Authors: Aafjes‐van Doorn Katie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTracking session‐by‐session patient‐reported outcomes (e.g. alliance and clinical symptoms) has been shown to improve treatment outcomes. However, self‐report measures are cumbersome to collect, and completion rates are inconsistent. Proof‐of‐concept machine learning research applications using psychotherapy data sets suggest that it may be possible to generate fully automated predictions of patient‐reported alliance and symptom ratings based on behavioural markers extracted from video recordings of psychotherapy sessions. For these artificial intelligence (AI)‐based measurements to be feasible, patients and clinicians must be comfortable with video recording their sessions and must be open to deploying such automated AI‐based models in their psychotherapy practice.MethodsWe conducted two online survey studies between December 2022 and March 2023. We asked 954 patients and 248 clinicians about the use and usefulness of (1) self‐report measures for routine outcome monitoring, (2) video recording therapy sessions and (3) utilising AI‐based prediction models in their treatments.ResultsPatients and clinicians found the use of self‐report measures useful but burdensome. While both patients and clinicians reported interest and willingness to embrace AI‐based technology for measurement‐based care, patients reported significantly more willingness to record their sessions, and more positive views on the use and usefulness of AI‐based measurement feedback for clinical outcomes, compared with clinicians.ConclusionClinicians should be provided with more practice and training in the use of AI‐based tools to aid their clinical work before such AI‐based measurement tools may be successfully implemented into clinical practice.
Making meaning: The experience of Shared Individual Formulation Therapy in adults with functional neurological disorder
Authors: Gutkin Myles , Kanaan Richard A. , McLean Loyola , Cartoon Jodi , Brown Richard J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveShared Individual Formulation Therapy (SIFT) is a brief, hybrid psychotherapy intervention that uses shared formulation and psychodynamic psychotherapy techniques to help participants expand their understanding of their difficulties. It was used in a pilot study for 29 adults with functional neurological disorder (FND). This analysis explores the experiences of participants using qualitative methods.MethodParticipants underwent semistructured interviews about their experiences of SIFT, which were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis from a critical realist standpoint. Findings were triangulated with the previously published quantitative results.ResultsParticipants experienced SIFT as providing a safe space to help them explore and make sense of their FND. The resulting self‐knowledge was experienced as promoting recovery and growth, but some participants experienced the process as challenging and were ambivalent about it.ConclusionThe findings support SIFT's potential value for treating adults with FND. The psychodynamic aspects are an important component of SIFT for many, but not all, participants.
Continuous Flow Microreactors for the High‐efficiency Enzymatic Synthesis of 10‐Hydroxystearic Acid from Oleic Acid
Authors: Zhao Yi‐Fan , Xie Wen‐Liang , He Kai , Li Hai‐Peng , Pan Jiang , Xu Jian‐He 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConverting fatty acids into specialty chemicals is sustainable but hindered by the low efficiency and thermal instability of current oleic acid hydratases, along with mass transfer limitations in emulsion reactions. This study introduces an optimized continuous flow micro‐reactor (CFMR) that efficiently transforms oleic acid at low (15 g L−1) and high (50 g L−1) concentrations, improving reaction efficiency and overcoming key conversion barriers. The first CFMR model showed reaction speeds surpassing traditional batch stirred tank reactors (BSTR). Optimizations were performed on three key components: liquid storage, mixer, and reaction section of the CFMR, with each round's best conditions carried into the next. This achieved a space‐time yield of 597 g L−1 d−1 at a 15 g L−1 oleic acid load. To further enhance the yield, we optimized the emulsifier system to solve incomplete emulsification and developed a two‐component feed microreactor (TCFMR) that addressed mass transfer limitations caused by the product at high substrate loads, reaching a 91 % conversion of 50 g L−1 oleic acid in 30 minutes, with a space‐time yield of 2312 g L−1 d−1. These advancements represent significant progress in utilizing fatty acids and advancing sustainable chemical synthesis.
A severe tremor caused by a beta2 agonist in a patient with asthma‐chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap
Authors: Nakajima Kota , Momo Kenji 
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical MessageA 46‐year‐old male developed respiratory distress due to asthma‐chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap and experienced severe tremor caused by beta2 agonist inhalant. We present our successful experience with tizanidine administration.
Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Hydroxyphosphonates, A Literature Survey
Authors: Plouard Pierre , de Zordo‐Banliat Arnaud , Clarion Ludovic , Loiseau Séverine , Virieux David , Ayad Tahar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOwing to their role in drug design and as building blocks, enantiopure α‐hydroxyphosphonates stand at the forefront of contemporary research. In recent decades, synthetic methods have been developed highlighting the obvious interest and practical importance of these compounds. This review aims to provide an up‐to‐date overview of the synthesis of chiral α hydroxyphosphonates covering the literature from its inception in 1983 to February 2024.
Investigation Towards the Asymmetric CBS‐Catalysed Reduction of Aryl Methyl Ketones with Electrochemically in Situ Generated BH3
Authors: Abraham Marvin L. , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was to explore the possibility to perform an asymmetric reduction, utilising a CBS‐type catalyst, of prochiral aryl methyl ketones under electrochemical conditions to generate the needed BH3 upon oxidation of NaBH4 with in situ generated I2 in the anode compartment. Therefore, various electrochemical parameters were optimised to conduct the desired formation of the chiral secondary alcohols in high to quantitative yields with a high stereochemical induction, although the catalyst loading had to be chosen relatively high to concur with the racemic reduction of the ketones by the electrogenerated BH3.
Bipyramidal Nanocrystals of Noble Metals: From Synthesis to Applications
Authors: Yu Hansong , Janssen Annemieke , Pawlik Veronica , Xia Younan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractShape control has been a major theme of nanocrystal research in terms of synthesis, property tailoring, and optimization of performance in a variety of applications. Among the possible shapes, bipyramids are unique owing to their symmetry, planar defects, and exposed facets. In this article, we focus on the colloidal synthesis of noble‐metal nanocrystals featuring a triangular bipyramidal shape, together with highlights of their properties and applications. We start with a brief discussion of the general classification and requirements for the nucleation and growth of bipyramidal nanocrystals, followed by specific aspects regarding the synthetic methods with a focus on the roles of reduction, etching, and capping, as well as controls of facet, size, aspect ratio, and corner truncation. In the end, we illustrate how these aspects affect the properties of bipyramidal nanocrystals for plasmonic and catalytic applications, together with future perspectives.
Benzodifuranone Crystals with Solid‐State Emission Arising from the Introduction of Bulky Substituents
Authors: Seki Tomohiro , Okada Takumi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBenzodifuranone derivatives, structural analogues of widely studied diketopyrrolopyrrole, have been reported to show photoluminescence exclusively in solution states. Here, upon introducing bulky aromatic groups into benzodifuranone dyes, crystals with unprecedented solid‐state emission were obtained. A crystallographic analysis revealed that the emissive properties should most likely be attributed to the absence of stacking between the dye scaffolds. In addition to the solid‐state emission, the compound showed responsivity to external stimuli, i. e., luminescent mechanochromism and thermosalient effect.
Thin‐Layer Diamond Coating on Si Wafer for Extended Alkaline ATR‐SEIRAS Investigations†
Authors: Li Wencheng , Zhang Wei‐Yi , Ni Baoxin , Shen Peng , Qiao Yu , Wang Xinchang , Ma Xian‐Yin , Cai Wen‐Bin , Jiang Kun 
Published: August 2024

Comprehensive SummaryElectrochemical attenuated total reflection surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS) plays an important role in deciphering interfacial reaction mechanisms at molecular level. However, the corrosive etching of Si internal reflection element by OH− largely impedes reliable SEIRAS measurements in strong alkaline electrolytes. Herein, a dense and chemically inert nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) film is successfully fabricated at a thickness of ~120 nm through hot filament chemical vapor deposition on a micromachined Si wafer to insulate the OH− etching. A reversible interfacial water feature without spectral interference of Si‐O band is obtained in 1.0 mol·L–1 KOH on Au/NCD/Si film electrode. Afterwards, electrochemical CO reduction reaction on Cu film electrode is explored in different KOH concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 mol·L–1 as a model reaction. A redshift of COL band, as well as its lower intensity but faster depletion kinetics, is noted with increasing electrolyte pH, whereas COB is identified as an inert spectator accumulating on Cu surface. Our present work demonstrates the alkaline resistant feature of diamond/Si composite internal reflection element, which could be a powerful platform to study electrocatalytic reactions in strong alkaline media.
Bayesian jackknife empirical likelihood‐based inference for missing data and causal inference
Authors: Chen Sixia , Wang Yuke , Zhao Yichuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMissing data reduce the representativeness of the sample and can lead to inference problems. In this article, we apply the Bayesian jackknife empirical likelihood (BJEL) method for inference on data that are missing at random, as well as for causal inference. The semiparametric fractional imputation estimator, propensity score‐weighted estimator, and doubly robust estimator are used for constructing the jackknife pseudo values, which are needed for conducting BJEL‐based inference with missing data. Existing methods, such as normal approximation and JEL, are compared with the BJEL approach in a simulation study. The proposed approach shows better performance in many scenarios in terms of credible intervals. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of the proposed approach for causal inference problems in a study of risk factors for impaired kidney function.