bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relevance of the Fundamental Principles to operations: learning from Lebanon
Authors: O'Callaghan Sorcha , Leach Leslie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMany aid agencies and commentators suggest that humanitarian principles are of little value to the humanitarian crises of today. However, through profiling the experience of the Lebanese Red Cross, this article highlights the enduring value and impact of the application of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Fundamental Principles as effective operational tools for acceptance, access and safety. Having suffered a series of security incidents during the civil war and subsequent disturbances and tensions, this National Society deliberately sought to increase its acceptance amongst different groups. One of the approaches used was the systematic operational application of the Fundamental Principles. Today, the Lebanese Red Cross is the only public service and Lebanese humanitarian actor with access throughout the country. This article seeks to address the relative absence of attention to how humanitarian organisations apply humanitarian principles in practice – and their responsibility and accountability to do so – by describing the systematic approach of the Lebanese Red Cross.
Dissociable contribution of prefrontal and striatal dopaminergic genes to learning in economic games
Authors: Set Eric , Saez Ignacio , Zhu Lusha , Houser Daniel E. , Myung Noah , Zhong Songfa , Ebstein Richard P. , Chew Soo Hong , Hsu Ming 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Game theory is used throughout the social and biological sciences to study behavior in social interactions. Recent research suggests an important role for the dopamine neurotransmitter system in these types of decisions. This study used a competitive game to study how people varied in their decision-making processes and related these differences in the set of genes that carry out biological functions required for dopaminergic functioning. We found that genes differentially expressed in separate brain regions influenced distinct components of people’s decision-making processes and that a surprising degree of consistency exists with what is known at the brain level about how people make decisions in social interactions.
Cell cycle dependent oscillatory expression of estrogen receptor-α links Pol II elongation to neoplastic transformation
Authors: Vantaggiato Cristina , Tocchetti Marta , Cappelletti Vera , Gurtner Aymone , Villa Alessandro , Daidone Maria Grazia , Piaggio Giulia , Maggi Adriana , Ciana Paolo 
Published: June 2014

SignificancePvuII andXbaI polymorphisms at the estrogen receptor-α (ERα) intron 1 are associated with several estrogen-dependent pathologies including cancers. Here, we demonstrate that these SNPs map within a pausing site of Pol II elongation, a block that is cyclically released producing an oscillatory expression of ERα during cell division. The protoncogene c-MYB is part of this oscillator modulating the amplitude of ERα fluctuations in the presence of different SNP haplotypes. During breast cancer progression toward a hormone refractory phenotype, Pol II pausing contributes to turn off ERα synthesis highlighting the clinical relevance of the mechanism. Furthermore, the wide range of physio-pathological conditions associated with these SNPs, indicates this oscillator as a novel level of regulation of the hormonal signal throughout the body.
Evaluation of chitosan-binding amino acid residues of chitosanase from Paenibacillus fukuinensis
Authors: Isogawa Danya , Morisaka Hironobu , Kuroda Kouichi , Kusaoke Hideo , Kimoto Hisashi , Suye Shin-ichiro , Ueda Mitsuyoshi 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides longer than a hexamer have higher bioactivity than polymer or shorter oligosaccharides, such as the monomer or dimer. In our previous work, we generated Paenibacillus fukuinensis chitosanase-displaying yeast using yeast cell surface displaying system and demonstrated the catalytic base. Here we investigated the specific function of putative four amino acid residues Trp159, Trp228, Tyr311, and Phe406 engaged in substrate binding. Using this system, we generated chitosanase mutants in which the four amino acid residues were substituted with Ala and the chitosanase activity assay and HPLC analysis were performed. Based on these results, we demonstrated that Trp159 and Phe406 were critical for hydrolyzing both polymer and oligosaccharide, and Trp228 and Tyr311 were especially important for binding to oligosaccharide, such as the chitosan-hexamer, not to the chitosan polymer. From the results, we suggested the possibility of the effective strategy for designing useful mutants that produce chitosan oligosaccharides holding higher bioactivity.
Neuronal Correlates of Non-verbal Numerical Competence in Primates
Authors: Nieder Andreas 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Non-verbal numerical competence, such as the estimation of set size, is rooted in biological primitives that can also be explored in animals. Over the past years, the anatomical substrates and neuronal mechanisms of numerical cognition in primates have been unravelled down to the level of single neurons. Studies with behaviourally-trained monkeys have identified a parietofrontal network of individual neurons selectively tuned to the number of items (cardinal aspect) or the rank of items in a sequence (ordinal aspect). The properties of these neurons’ numerosity tuning curves can explain fundamental psychophysical phenomena, such as the numerical distance and size effect. Functionally overlapping groups of parietal neurons represent not only numerable-discrete quantity (numerosity), but also innumerable-continuous quantity (extent) and relations between quantities (proportions), supporting the idea of a generalized magnitude system in the brain. Moreover, many neurons in the prefrontal cortex establish semantic associations between signs and abstract numerical categories, a neuronal precursor mechanisms that may ultimately give rise to symbolic number processing in humans. These studies establish putative homologies between the monkey and human brain, and demonstrate the suitability of non-human primates as model system to explore the neurobiological roots of the brain’s non-verbal quantification system, which may constitute the phylogenetic and ontogenetic foundation of all further, more elaborate numerical skills in humans.
The moderating effect of normative commitment on the service quality-customer retention relationship
Authors: Fullerton Gordon 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– Limited attention has been given to the effects of normative commitment (NC) in a marketing relationship. This paper investigates the effects of service quality and normative commitment on customer retention in a consumer-retailer relationship.Design/methodology/approach– Two distinct studies; a longitudinal experiment and a SEM model were conducted to tease out the normative commitment-service quality interaction on customer switching intentions in services.Findings– Both studies supported the existence of a significant normative commitment-service quality interaction on switching, in addition to the main effects of both variables.Research limitations/implications– The longitudinal experiment has the limitation of being a simple test of theory in a controlled setting. Study II validates this theory in a real-world retail services setting, but there are questions about the extent to which the relationship may hold in other service sectors. The results indicate that the effect of service quality on customer loyalty is moderated by normative commitment. This may also allow us to think about customer commitment in a new way in that it could be a construct rooted in attitude confidence rather than attitude.Practical implications– The findings allow practitioners to recognize that the development of obligation-based normative commitment can give them a basis for successful competition against other firms, even those that may outperform them on other salient attributes, including basic service quality.Originality/value– This is one of a very small number of studies in the discipline that have examined the effects of normative commitment and the first that has demonstrated that normative commitment moderates the service quality-service customer retention relationship. This opens the door for the possibility that other forms of commitment may moderate the relationship between service quality and customer retention.
NEETs: a case study in addressing the issues relating to disengaged youth in East Cleveland
Authors: William Stoten David 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report on the challenges and approaches taken to address the issue of NEETs in North East England. The area around Redcar in East Cleveland has high levels of unemployment, particularly youth unemployment. This paper compared actions taken in England in the support offered to disaffected youth and reports on the strategy pursued in East Cleveland.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research was primarily desk-based, interrogating Government publications as well as that generated by executive agencies and local educational institutions. A number of key figures were surveyed in addition to obtain a grounded insight into the challenges that confront those who work in this area.

Findings
– This study identified areas of good practice that could be considered elsewhere. Its conclusions emphasise that solutions to the NEETs problem are to be found in bespoke and individually focused programmes that value the contribution of young people to society and aim to build their self-esteem and confidence. It also highlights the importance of inter-agency cooperation and joined up strategic planning.

Research limitations/implications
– This study would have benefited from the opportunity to survey the views of young people involved in support programmes. Given issues of confidentiality, this was not possible.

Originality/value
– This study adds to the literature generated by Government bodies and educational institutions on the issue of disaffected youth. Its value lies in its reference to a specific geographic area and its insight into the work of local professionals in tackling this complex social issue.
Recession: a chance for hospitality SMEs?
Authors: Nachmias Stefanos , Paddison Brendan , Mortimer Chris 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The research takes a comprehensive evaluation of hospitality students’ perceptions towards small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) employment and explores whether the current recession and labour market changes influence hospitality students career-related decisions. Such exploration would provide vital information as to how the new economic environment has modified the nature and context of hospitality students perceptions towards SMEs. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research focuses on a constructionist philosophy in order to interpret how hospitality students construct of career choice. The qualitative methodology adopts semi-structured interviews in order to explore the socially constructed views of hospitality students’ perception of SMEs employment.

Findings
– In spite of recessional challenges which particularly affect the graduate labour market, the research confirms the original academic arguments that socially constructed barriers and influencing factors do not highlight SMEs as an attractive first employment destination.

Practical implications
– This research recognises the need to reconsider the curriculum for hospitality students to embed the notion of SMEs as a possible career choice.

Social implications
– Socially SMEs have not either historically or in the present day been seen as providing adequate resources for graduates entering the world of work. Such an implication has a considerably impact upon the supply and demand side of SMEs graduate labour market.

Originality/value
– The economic downturn now poses a real challenge for new graduates as it is difficult to predict and discuss future labour market issues and trends. The research allows key stakeholders in graduate employment to understand the effects of the economic environment to graduate SMEs perceptions and take measures in improving SMEs-graduate employment in hospitality.
Employment fluctuations and sectoral shifts in Egypt
Authors: Hassan Mohamed , Kandil Magda 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– Job creation is the most important challenge facing Egypt today. Economic performance has been uneven over the last three decades, but even in periods of high growth, the job content of growth has not been strong enough to absorb new entrants. The 1990s and early 2000s saw the acceleration in the structural adjustments. The fast growing role of the private sector and the contraction of public sector employment are considered the most important characteristics of this period. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The findings of the paper support the view that sectoral shifts, in response to structural transformations, have been an important source of private employment fluctuations in Egypt, and the implications on aggregate employment have varied with the stage of the business cycle in the private sector. Moreover, one of the important findings of the paper shows that public sectoral shifts have caused stronger effects on private employment growth than private sectoral shifts do. However, failure to align public sectoral shifts with growth in the private sector has had a negative effect on employment growth, increasing aggregate unemployment.

Findings
– The findings also confirm the crowding-out effect of higher government expenditure on private employment, particularly during a boom. Finally, the findings show that changes in domestic credit going to the private sector as a ratio of private GDP, and higher exports ratio to GDP have statistically significant positive effects on private employment growth.

Originality/value
– Overall, the findings signify the importance of policies that aim at increasing the job content of private-led growth in Egypt.
Exports, financial development and economic growth in Pakistan
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Mafizur Rahman Mohammad 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to explore the relationship between exports, financial development and economic growth in case of Pakistan.Design/methodology/approach– The autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to cointegration and error correction model are applied to test the long-run and short-run relationships, respectively. The direction of causality between the variables is investigated by the vector error correction model Granger causality test and robustness of causality analysis is tested by applying innovative accounting approach.Findings– The analysis confirms cointegration for the long-run relation between exports, economic growth and financial development in case of Pakistan. The results indicate that economic growth and financial development spur exports growth in Pakistan. The causality analysis reveals feedback hypothesis that exists between financial development and economic growth, financial development and exports, and, exports and economic growth.Originality/value– This study provides new insights for policy makers to sustain exports growth by stimulating economic growth and developing financial sector in Pakistan.
Urban regeneration
Authors: Huston Simon , Darchen Sébastien 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to review sustainable planning literature and investigate a major development in an Australian regional city, looking for broad sustainable insights to improve urban growth management.Design/methodology/approach– First, the authors sketched the backdrop to Ipswich and looked for the drivers propelling its rapid growth. They then generated a sustainability framework from the urban regeneration literature. In the empirical phase, they analysed a major development – theIconproject. They evaluated three of five regeneration domains using secondary sources, site observations and interviews with stakeholders and experts.Findings– First, each city’s situation is unique, so the authors proffer no simplistic development formula. Internally, cities, including Ipswich, are spatially fragmented. Second, urban regeneration extends temporally and spatially beyond the project site boundaries or deadlines. Diminished property-driven regeneration neglects the social dimensions to sustainable housing or relegates it to an afterthought, but community participation is insufficient. Government needs to seed or drive (directly or via incentives) substantive social transformation. Projects supported with credible community social development are less risky, but, in competing for investment funds, local government can rush approve unsuitable projects.Research limitations/implications– The analysis focused on the planning and urban design aspects of the project. Only limited demographic, economic and social analyses were conducted, and the study would also benefit from interviews with a broader sample of experts.Practical implications– Sustainable urban regeneration needs to consider not only the unique mix of regional growth drivers and constraints, but also specific local precinct characteristics. Intelligently configured community consultation should inform but not dilute design leadership.Originality/value– This work investigates appropriate urban responses to growth pressure for sustainable outcomes in fast-growing regional cities.
Equity induced up-trading and the housing market structure
Authors: Borgersen Trond-Arne 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of home equity and the interplay between market segments for housing market developments. The intention is to show that it is not only the aggregate equity gain but also the distribution of equity gains between segments that matter for how shocks to income impact house prices.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper sets out a linear housing market model with three segments. Households trade up a housing ladder and link the three segments for owner-occupied housing. The up-trading is equity-induced. An expression for the house price index, which is related to the market segment prices both directly through the segment size and indirectly through a segment position on the housing ladder is derived. The author considers the price effects of shocks to income in four housing market regimes.

Findings
– The heterogeneous housing market model shows how the interplay between segments impacts housing markets. When considering shocks to income, short-run deviations in the price-to-income (PTI) ratio compared to their long-run equilibrium due to equity-induced up-trading were found. The extent of PTI overshooting is related to the intensity of equity-induced up-trading between different segments. The market structure necessary to eliminate such overshooting is contingent on the distribution of equity gains between segments. Finally, the paper shows how the price effects of macroprudential interventions might be non-negligible when indirect effects are taken into account.

Originality/value
– The linear housing market model with three market segments introduces a framework where the intensity of equity-induced up-trading in different market segments can be analyzed. This distributional aspect is, to the best of the author's knowledge, novel. The context-specific relation between housing market structure, equity-induced up-trading and short-run deviations in the PTI ratio provides a foundation for future research.
A fuzzy imperialistic competitive algorithm for optimizing convex functions
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Tarei Mahsan , Abdollahi Bijan , Nakhaei Mohammad 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), a novel socio-politically inspired optimization strategy for proposing a fuzzy variant of this algorithm. ICA is a meta-heuristic algorithm for dealing with different optimization tasks. The basis of the algorithm is inspired by imperialistic competition. It attempts to present the social policy of imperialisms (referred to empires) to control more countries (referred to colonies) and use their sources. If one empire loses its power, among the others making a competition to take possession of it.

Design/methodology/approach
– In fuzzy imperialist competitive algorithm (FICA), the colonies have a degree of belonging to their imperialists and the top imperialist, as in fuzzy logic, rather than belonging completely to just one empire therefore the colonies move toward the superior empire and their relevant empires. Simultaneously for balancing the exploration and exploitation abilities of the ICA. The algorithms are used for optimization have shortcoming to deal with accuracy rate and local optimum trap and they need complex tuning procedures. FICA is proposed a way for optimizing convex function with high accuracy and avoiding to trap in local optima rather than using original ICA algorithm by implementing fuzzy logic on it.

Findings
– Therefore several solution procedures, including ICA, FICA, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, tabu search and simulated annealing optimization algorithm are considered. Finally numerical experiments are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of models as well as solution procedures. Test results present the suitability of the proposed fuzzy ICA for convex functions with little fluctuations.

Originality/value
– The proposed evolutionary algorithm, FICA, can be used in diverse areas of optimization problems where convex functions properties are appeared including, industrial planning, resource allocation, scheduling, decision making, pattern recognition and machine learning (optimization techniques; fuzzy logic; convex functions).
Technology usage intent among apparel retail employees
Authors: L. Lewis Tasha , Loker Suzanne 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify variables important to acceptance and use of advanced technologies by apparel retail employees and to recommend management strategies for effective technology integration in retail stores.Design/methodology/approach– Current or past retail employees (N=71) were introduced to and given time to use three technologies – a 3D body scanner, product configurator, and social networking – in a laboratory setting using a within subjects design. A questionnaire measured participants’ perceptions of each technology in terms of usefulness, enjoyment, ease of use, task importance, technology self-efficacy – overall participant confidence in using new technology – and usage intent.Findings– Results showed that employee's perceived usefulness of technology was a mediating influence on usage intent for all three technology types. Enjoyment also emerged as a significant mediator for 3D body scanning technology usage intent. Employees’ high self-efficacy scores corresponded to higher ratings for usefulness of each technology, suggesting that more technologically confident employees would be more likely to use the three types of technology presented in this study as part of their work.Research limitations/implications– The controlled environment of the laboratory setting may limit the generalizability of results to actual retail store settings. Future evaluations of technology usage in actual retail store environment involving both employees and customers are recommended.Originality/value– This research explores the use of advanced in-store technologies from the perspective of apparel retail employees, applying the Technology Acceptance Model. It provides insight as to why employees accept and use innovative technologies that are relevant to their jobs and increase and enhance the points of contact between employees and customers. This knowledge of employee technology usage in the store environment could be used to improve job performance and job satisfaction – issues that often confront apparel retailers.