bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing the sensitivity of endocervical curettings by performing ThinPrep® Pap on transport container fluid: is diagnostic material going down the drain?
Authors: Lastra R. R. , Meykler S. E. , Baloch Z. W. , Barroeta J. E. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveThe sensitivity of endocervical curettage (ECC) can be suboptimal because of limited epithelial tissue. The false‐negative rate for ECC in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia involving the endocervical canal has been reported to be 45%. ECC samples are transported to pathology in formalin‐ or saline‐filled containers; this fluid is discarded after the specimen has been submitted. We evaluated the utility of performing liquid‐based cytological preparations from ECC transport container fluid as a way to increase the sensitivity of ECC specimens.MethodsConsecutive ECC specimens received at one of the two participating institutions were selected prospectively. A surgical pathology mesh bag was placed over a ThinPrep® CytoLyt® solution container, and the specimen was filtered through the bag, collecting the transport fluid in the container. The CytoLyt® was processed to obtain a container fluid ThinPrep® (CF‐TP) liquid‐based Papanicolaou (Pap) slide. The CF‐TP slides were reviewed and the findings were compared with those from the ECC and follow‐up specimens.ResultsThe cohort included 53 patients. Discrepancies between CF‐TP and ECC were seen in 14 of the 53 patients (26%); a more significant lesion was identified in CF‐TP relative to ECC in 13 of these cases. CF‐TP diagnosis was confirmed in eight of 11 cases with histological follow‐up. A positive CF‐TP result was confirmed by histology in six of nine cases with negative ECC.ConclusionsCombining the pathological evaluation of ECC specimens with liquid‐based cytology performed on the transport container fluid can increase the diagnostic sensitivity of the ECC procedure for the detection of cervical lesions.
Targeted genome regulation and modification using transcription activator‐like effectors
Authors: Scott James N. F. , Kupinski Adam P. , Boyes Joan 
Published: August 2014

Transcription activator‐like effectors (TALEs) are immensely powerful new tools for genome engineering that can be directed to bind to almost any DNA sequence of choice. They originate from the Xanthomonas species of plant pathogenic bacteria and, in nature, these proteins increase the virulence of Xanthomonas. However, in 2009, the DNA binding code of TALEs was deciphered and, subsequently, TALE proteins have been exploited for many diverse applications. Custom TALEs that target almost any required DNA sequence can be readily constructed in < 1 week. One major application is gene editing: TALEs fused with the Fok I endonuclease catalytic domain can induce double‐stranded breaks at a chosen genomic location, similar to zinc finger nucleases. Designer TALE transcription factors have also been developed by linking TALEs to a transcription AD, such as VP64. More recently, TALEs have been developed that can repress transcription, bind methylated DNA or act as fluorescent chromatin probes. In the present review, we describe the assembly of designer TALEs, their expanding range of current and potential future applications, and briefly discuss alternatives, namely, zinc finger nucleases and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat associated protein 9.
Quality of measurements of acute surgical and traumatic wounds using a digital wound‐analysing tool
Authors: Landa Dymmie LC , van Dishoeck Anne‐Margreet , Steyerberg Ewout W , Hovius Steven ER 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the reliability of measurements using a wound‐analysing tool and their interpretability. Wound surface areas and tissue types, such as granulation, slough and necrosis, in twenty digital photographs were measured using a specific software program. The ratio of these tissue types in a wound was calculated using a wound profile. We calculated the intraclass coefficient or κ for reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC). The inter‐rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0·99 for surface area, 0·76 for granulation, 0·67 for slough and 0·22 for necrosis. The profiles gave an overall κ of 0·16. For test–retest reliability, the ICC was 0·99 for surface area, 0·81 for granulation, 0·80 for slough and 0·97 for necrosis. The agreement of the applied profiles in the test–retest was 66% (40–100). SEM and SDC for surface area were 0·10/0·27; for granulation, 6·88/19·08; for slough, 7·17/19·87; and for necrosis, 0·35/0·98, respectively. Measuring wound surface area and tissue types by means of digital photo analysis is a reliable and applicable method for monitoring wound healing in acute wounds in daily practice as well as in research.
Possible new therapeutic approach for obesity‐related diseases: Role of adiponectin receptor agonists
Authors: Lee Chien‐Hsing , Hung Yi‐Jen 
Published: August 2014

Adiponectin is a major adipokine that seems to have a crucial role in the protection from many metabolic abnormalities. There have been several reports that suggest a strong inverse relationship between plasma levels of adiponectin and the severity of obesity and its comorbidities, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Restoring adiponectin levels has salient benefits in many of the obesity‐related diseases, which provides a strong rationale for adiponectin‐based therapeutics for treating metabolic abnormalities. A Japanese team of researchers has screened and identified an orally active compound that binds to and activates the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and AdipoR2 receptors that are named AdipRon. This molecule ameliorates insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in obese animal models, and also extends the shortened lifespan of diabetic obese mice. If this work can be extended to humans, the improved safety and efficacy of these orally active adiponectin agonists could offer a promising new approach to treating obesity‐related diseases.
Pro Re Nata Prescribing in a Population Receiving Palliative Care: A Prospective Consecutive Case Note Review
Authors: Russell Bethany J. , Rowett Debra , Currow David C. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo document pro re nata (PRN) prescribing practices and to identify patterns with respect to clinical characteristics and the medications prescribed.DesignProspective consecutive case note review.SettingTwo interrelated consultative hospice and palliative care services in regional Victoria, Australia.ParticipantsTerminally ill inpatients and community‐based individuals (N = 203) at the time of referral to a hospice or palliative care service.MeasurementsNumber of medications that the referring physician prescribed on a PRN basis and on a regular basis for symptom control; comorbid disease, performance status, comorbidity burden, disease phase, and survival.ResultsMean number of PRN medications prescribed was 3.0, with significantly higher rates in the last week of life (rate ratio (RR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.59) and during the terminal phase of disease (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.09–1.68). One‐quarter of prescriptions were for medications that met the Beers consensus criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in elderly persons.ConclusionThese descriptive baseline data are new. A mean of three different medications allows responsiveness to a variety of fluctuating symptoms, but there was a large range within the sample, indicating that some individuals and their caregivers have a high burden of administration‐related decision‐making.
Comparatively examining of the apelin‐13 levels in the Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) and Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Köprücü S. , Algül S. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryApelin is a recently discovered peptide produced by several tissues in the various vertebrates and fish. Apelin has been suggested to have role in regulation of many diverse physiological functions including food intake, energy homoeostasis, immunity, osmoregulation and reproduction. In this study, apelin‐13 levels in the blood serum of Cyprinus carpio and Capoetta trutta were determined. Then the results were compared between two species and sexes of each species. Apelin‐13 level was analysed using the enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit (Rat apelin‐13 ELISA kit, catalog no: CSB‐E14367r). Apelin‐13 level in the blood serum of C. trutta was significantly higher than those of the C. carpio (p < 0.05). However, its levels were observed to be no significant difference (p > 0.05) that compared to between sexes of each species. There was a significant negative correlation (r = −0.829, p = 0.0001) between the apelin‐13 level and body weight of C. carpio. However, no significant correlation (r = −0.022, p = 0.924) between the apelin‐13 level and weight of C. trutta observed.
Effect of Deodorant and Antiperspirant Use and Presence or Absence of Axillary Hair on Absorption of Testosterone 2% Solution Applied to Men's Axillae
Authors: Small David S. , Ni Xiao , Polzer Paula , Vart Richard , Satonin Darlene K. , Mitchell Malcolm I. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Testosterone 2% solution is applied to axillae and is indicated for testosterone replacement therapy in males deficient in endogenous testosterone.

Aim
This open-label crossover study evaluated the effect of deodorant/antiperspirant use and presence or absence of axillary hair on absorption of testosterone solution.

Methods
Healthy males (N = 30; ≥50 years of age with baseline testosterone &lt;400 ng/dL) were randomized to one of four treatment sequences involving six treatments. Each treatment consisted of one 1.5-mL dose of testosterone 2% solution (30 mg of testosterone) applied to each axilla. Axillae were unshaved or shaved, and were untreated or pretreated with deodorant/antiperspirant.

Main Outcome Measures
Blood samples were taken over 72 hours after each dose for measuring serum testosterone concentrations.

Results
Profiles of mean testosterone concentrations were similar across treatments. For all treatments, area under the concentration-time curve through 24 hours (AUC[0–24]) and 72 hours (AUC[0–72]), and maximum total testosterone concentration (Cmax) were similar except for 15% lower Cmax when treatment was applied after deodorant/antiperspirant to shaved vs. unshaved axillae (least squares mean, 531 ng/dL vs. 626 ng/dL, respectively; P = 0.011). This difference is not considered clinically significant. The 95% confidence intervals for AUC(0–24), AUC(0–72), and Cmax fell within the traditional bioequivalence limits of 0.8 to 1.25. Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was low (&lt;15%) in each treatment arm, and most TEAEs were mild.

Conclusions
Absorption of testosterone 2% solution was unaffected by use of deodorant/antiperspirant or by the presence or absence of axillary hair. Testosterone solution was generally well tolerated.
Critical buccal bone dimensions along implants
Authors: Merheb Joe , Quirynen Marc , Teughels Wim 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe buccal bone plate is a component of the alveolar process tightly related to the tooth it supports. A plethora of physiological and pathological events can induce its remodeling. Understanding this remodeling process and its extent is of major importance for the practitioner as it can affect the functional and esthetic outcome of implant surgery at the involved sites. Bone remodeling and resorption of the buccal bone plate are inevitable after tooth loss or extraction. To limit resorption, several ridge‐preservation techniques of varying efficacy have been described. Bone resorption is equally found to occur upon implant placement and is thought to be a result of the surgical trauma inflicted as well as an adaptation process of the tissues to the new foreign body. Because of the implications of bone resorption on the soft‐tissue levels and the general esthetic outcome, it is of primary importance for the practitioner to be able to evaluate the hard tissues and the inherent resorption risks in an effort to optimize the treatment strategies. Based on limited short‐term data, the present general opinion advises the need for a 2‐mm‐thick buccal bone plate in order to avoid vertical bone resorption.
Immediate implants at fresh extraction sockets: from myth to reality
Authors: Vignoletti Fabio , Sanz Mariano 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn recent years, immediate implant placement has become a common clinical therapeutic protocol representing an alternative to the classical delayed surgical protocol of implant placement. This protocol, however, has not been fully validated, either in terms of fully understanding the influence of implant placement on the socket‐healing process or on the clinical outcomes. This narrative review evaluates the different experimental studies in humans and animals assessing the bone‐healing dynamics of the socket after tooth extraction and the dimensional changes occurring at the socket bone walls. These experimental studies describe, in detail, the hard‐ and soft‐tissue healing of implants placed into fresh extraction sockets, demonstrating that marked morphological changes of the alveolar ridge will occur, independently of the implant installation, thus demonstrating that postextraction bone loss is an inevitable biological process. This evidence has also been corroborated in clinical studies in humans, demonstrating the risk of significant peri‐implant tissue loss, mainly in the areas of high esthetic demand. There is a lack of long‐term evidence on the impact of this protocol on the preservation of the peri‐implant tissues. In conclusion, despite the obvious advantages of this surgical protocol, it also has limitations and is more technically demanding than placing an implant into a healed crest. When selecting this protocol, clinicians should always consider: (a) the gingival biotype of the patient; (b) the thickness and integrity of the socket bony walls; (c) the implant selection as well as the adequate vertical and horizontal position of the implant; and (d) the ideal patient (a nonsmoker with good plaque control).
The relationships among dyspnoea, health‐related quality of life and psychological factors in sarcoidosis
Authors: de Boer Sally , Kolbe John , Wilsher Margaret L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and objectivesDyspnoea is a common symptom in sarcoidosis and is not predictably related to pulmonary function or radiology. A subjective symptom of dyspnoea is likely to be influenced by patient perception and experience. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and nature of dyspnoea in sarcoidosis and describe the relationship of dyspnoea to psychological factors and health‐related quality of life (HRQL).MethodsFifty‐six subjects (31 men, mean age 51 years) with sarcoidosis completed an HRQL measure, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Nijmegen questionnaire. The presence of symptoms of dyspnoea was noted and qualitative descriptors for dyspnoea were chosen at peak exercise. Resting pulmonary function was performed.ResultsSixty‐four per cent of the subjects reported dyspnoea. Those with symptoms were older, had a longer duration of disease and with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (all P < 0.05). Symptoms of dyspnoea were associated with worse HRQL (P < 0.005) and higher scores on the Nijmegen questionnaire (P < 0.05). Anxiety was not associated with dyspnoea and only a trend to greater depression was observed (P = 0.066). In multivariate analysis, SGRQ and Nijmegen scores predicted dyspnoea independent of demographic factors and resting pulmonary function.ConclusionDyspnoea is common in sarcoidosis and is associated with worse HRQL irrespective of baseline pulmonary function. Hyperventilation appears to be a factor contributing to dyspnoea and the Nijmegen questionnaire may be helpful in assessing dyspnoea and hyperventilation in sarcoidosis patients.
Intratracheal co‐administration of antioxidants and ceftriaxone reduces pulmonary injury and mortality rate in an experimental model of sepsis
Authors: Galvão Andre M. , Wanderley Marcela S.O. , Silva Roberto A. , Filho Carlos A.M. , Melo‐Junior Mário R. , Silva Luciano A. , Streck Emílio L. , Dornelas de Andrade Armele F. , Souza Maia Maria B. , Barbosa de Castro Celia M.M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveRecent studies showed that both sepsis and antibiotic therapy are associated with cell death and linked to reactive oxygen species generation. This study investigated the effects of intratracheal administration of combinations of antioxidants (n‐acetyl cysteine (NAC), vitamins C and E) in the treatment of sepsis‐induced lung injury.MethodsNinety‐six male Wistar rats subjected to sepsis were treated with ceftriaxone plus NAC with or without vitamins C and E and compared to appropriate controls. As an index of oxidative damage protein carbonyls, sulfhydryl groups, lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion were measured, as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Histopathological alterations and mortality rate were also analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐four hours after sepsis induction, markers of oxidative stress increased in all lungs examined. Ceftriaxone plus intratracheal combination of NAC, vitamins C and E decreased lung injury in infected animals by reducing superoxide anion production (54%), lipid peroxidation (53%) and protein carbonyl (58%) and restored the redox status (7.5 times). This therapy also reduced the imbalance of antioxidant enzymes activities and attenuated the alveolar architectural disorganization, inflammatory cell infiltration and pulmonary oedema. Survival increased from 66.6% with ceftriaxone to 83.2% with ceftriaxone plus antioxidants.ConclusionsCeftriaxone plus intratracheal co‐administration of antioxidants provides better protection, by decreasing pulmonary oxidative stress, limiting histophatological alterations and improving survival. Antioxidants should be explored as a co‐adjuvant in the treatment of severe lung injury.
The Border Effect and the Nonlinear Relationship between Trade and Distance
Authors: Gallego Nuria , Llano Carlos 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe border‐effect literature confirms that sub‐national units tend to trade more with the rest of their country than with foreign markets. However, it is likely that ongoing processes of trade integration will generate a trade‐off between internal and external integration for sub‐national units within countries. In this paper we estimate the internal and external border effect, using a novel dataset that captures intra‐ and international shipments between Spanish regions and regions in eight European countries with alternative treatments of the nonlinear relationship between distance and trade.
Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure delivered using a pediatric helmet in dogs recovering from general anesthesia
Authors: Staffieri Francesco , Crovace Antonio , De Monte Valentina , Centonze Paola , Gigante Giulio , Grasso Salvatore 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) administered with a pediatric helmet in healthy dogs recovering from general anesthesia.DesignRandomized, cross‐over, clinical study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsFifteen healthy female, client‐owned dogs recovering from general anesthesia following elective ovariohysterectomy.InterventionsAll dogs received the same standardized anesthetic protocol (acepromazine, morphine, propofol, and isoflurane in oxygen). After extubation, a pediatric helmet was placed on all dogs and connected to a venturi valve supplied with medical air. In all patients, the gas flow was set to 50 L/minute and the FiO2 to 0.21. Dogs received the following sequence of treatments, each lasting 20 minutes: 0 CPAP (pre‐CPAP), CPAP of 5 cm H2O (CPAP), and again 0 CPAP (post‐CPAP).Measurements and Main ResultsDuring the entire study, the following data were collected: pressure and FiO2 inside the helmet, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, sedation score (0 = awake, 10 = deep sedation), and tolerance to the helmet (0 = excellent, 4 = poor). At the end of each phase, an arterial blood sample was sampled. As compared with the pre‐CPAP and the post‐CPAP periods, during the CPAP period, the PaCO2, alveolar‐arterial oxygen gradient (P[A−a]O2), and respiratory rate significantly decreased. The PaO2 was higher at CPAP (105.6 ± 4.0 mm Hg) compared with pre‐CPAP (80.6 ± 6.9 mm Hg) and post‐CPAP (86.7 ± 5.8 mm Hg). Tolerance and sedation scores during the CPAP period were not different from those in the pre‐CPAP and post‐CPAP periods.ConclusionsNoninvasive CPAP applied through a helmet is a feasible and effective supportive technique in dogs recovering from general anesthesia.
Evaluation of a rapid bedside scoring system for microcirculation videos acquired from dogs
Authors: Gommeren Kris , Allerton Fergus J. , Morin Elise , Reynaud Arthur , Peeters Dominique , Silverstein Deborah C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo appraise a novel scoring system (Bedside Evaluation of Microcirculation [BEM]) to provide qualitative and semiquantitative assessment of canine microcirculatory videos generated by sidestream dark field imaging.DesignProspective observational study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsNo animals were used in this study. Twenty microcirculatory videos (>20 s in length) acquired from the mucosa adjacent to the upper canine tooth of dogs were selected from a database of sidestream dark field microcirculatory videos with available current standard analysis (CSA).InterventionThree observers were trained to evaluate 5 video quality parameters (stability, content, illumination, focus, and pressure) and four perfusion parameters (total vessel density [TVD], capillary vessel density [CVD], perfused vessel density [PVD] and microvascular flow index [MFI]). Quality parameters were scored (excellent [0], sufficient [1], and insufficient [2]) similar to CSA recommendations. Each perfusion parameter was subjectively scored (1 lowest – 5 highest) using sample clips from the training video for comparison. Videos passed quality analysis if no parameter was scored insufficient. Repeatability and reproducibility were evaluated by assessing all films in a random order three times daily for 3 days. Strength of correlation of BEM with CSA for both qualitative and semiquantitative parameters was assessed.Measurements and Main ResultsThe qualitative evaluation pass/fail assessment matched CSA 86% of the time with individual observer agreements of 84–88%. Agreement with CSA did not change significantly over the study period (84%, 88%, and 84% on days 1, 2, and 3, respectively). No significant correlations were demonstrated between any BEM perfusion parameter and the corresponding CSA values.ConclusionsRapid bedside assessment of microcirculatory video quality can be achieved. However, semiquantitative analysis by BEM demonstrated a lack of correlation with CSA for any of the perfusion parameters assessed.