bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial study of Si–Ge multilayers grown using ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Lian Derming , Wen Hua-Chiang 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this study, we used scanning probe microscopy to observe the abrasion damage of annealed Si–Ge superlattices. Specimens were more amenable to plastic deformation after annealing, thereby providing higher friction coefficients as a result of decreased strain energy. Restricted dislocation movement appeared not only in the combined Si–Ge superlattices but also at the interfaces, suggesting that thermal treatment could decrease the shear resistance. The microstructures contained a relatively large number of defects after annealing; these defects presumably led to the change in the oscillation trends under the ramped force of the sliding cycles. The component damage and oscillation events of the specimen that had been treated only at room temperature were more serious than those of the diffusion annealing specimens.
Calorimetric study and phase diagram investigation of the Au–Ga system
Authors: Živković Dragana , Gomidželović Lidija , Manasijević Dragan , Talijan Nadežda , Ćosović Vladan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The results of calorimetric study and phase equilibria investigation of the Au–Ga system, in the Ga-rich region, are presented. Calorimetric study was done using Oelsen methodology and partial and integral molar thermodynamic quantities were determined at a temperature of 873 K. Phase equilibria investigations were done experimentally – using differential thermal analysis, light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and theoretically – using the CALPHAD method. Results agree well with available literature data.
A cytohistological study of p53 overexpression in ovarian neoplasms
Authors: Choudhury Monisha , Goyal Seema , Pujani Mukta , Pujani Meenu 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of imprint cytology in ovarian neoplasms, investigate the biological significance of p53 expression in malignant ovarian tumors and correlate it with histological type, grade and stage of tumor. Material and Methods: A total of 50 cases including 25 prospective and 25 retrospective cases were studied. Imprint cytology was performed on 25 ovarian tumors and compared with histopathological diagnosis. p53 immunohistochemistry was performed on all 50 cases. Results: On immunohistochemistry, all the benign tumors were negative for p53 while 42% of primary ovarian malignant tumors were positive. p53 expression was found to have a diagnostic value in differentiating benign from malignant tumors. p53 overexpression did not show any significant correlation with prognostic factors as stage of disease, grade of differentiation and type of tumor. Conclusion: The present study confirms the importance of p53 tumor suppressor gene expression as documented by immunohistochemistry in the differentiation of malignant and benign ovarian tumors.
Adult HIV care resources, management practices and patient characteristics in the Phase 1 IeDEA Central Africa cohort
Authors: Divaris Kimon , Newman Jamie , Hemingway‐Foday Jennifer , Akam Wilfred , Balimba Ashu , Dusengamungu Cyrille , Kalenga Lucien , Mbaya Marcel , Molu Brigitte Mfangam , Mugisha Veronicah , Mukumbi Henri , Mushingantahe Jules , Nash Denis , Niyongabo Théodore , Atibu Joseph , Azinyue Innocent , Kiumbu Modeste , Woelk Godfrey 
Published: November 2012

IntroductionDespite recent advances in the management of HIV infection and increased access to treatment, prevention, care and support, the HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to be a major global health problem, with sub‐Saharan Africa suffering by far the greatest humanitarian, demographic and socio‐economic burden of the epidemic. Information on HIV/AIDS clinical care and established cohorts’ characteristics in the Central Africa region are sparse.MethodsA survey of clinical care resources, management practices and patient characteristics was undertaken among 12 adult HIV care sites in four countries of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS Central Africa (IeDEA‐CA) Phase 1 regional network in October 2009. These facilities served predominantly urban populations and offered primary care in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC; six sites), secondary care in Rwanda (two sites) and tertiary care in Cameroon (three sites) and Burundi (one site).ResultsDespite some variation in facility characteristics, sites reported high levels of monitoring resources, including electronic databases, as well as linkages to prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission programs. At the time of the survey, there were 21,599 HIV‐positive adults (median age=37 years) enrolled in the clinical cohort. Though two‐thirds were women, few adults (6.5%) entered HIV care through prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission services, whereas 55% of the cohort entered care through voluntary counselling and testing. Two‐thirds of patients at sites in Cameroon and DRC were in WHO Stage III and IV at baseline, whereas nearly all patients in the Rwanda facilities with clinical stage information available were in Stage I and II. WHO criteria were used for antiretroviral therapy initiation. The most common treatment regimen was stavudine/lamivudine/nevirapine (64%), followed by zidovudine/lamivudine/nevirapine (19%).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the feasibility of establishing large clinical cohorts of HIV‐positive individuals in a relatively short amount of time in spite of challenges experienced by clinics in resource‐limited settings such as those in this region. Country differences in the cohort's site and patient characteristics were noted. This information sets the stage for the development of research initiatives and additional programs to enhance adult HIV care and treatment in Central Africa.
Are HIV‐related factors associated with pre‐term delivery in a UK inner city setting?
Authors: Cheshire M , Kingston M , McQuillan O , Gittins M 
Published: November 2012

PurposeIn the UK the accepted standards for the management of HIV‐positive pregnant women are the British HIV Association Guidelines [1]. The guidelines were updated in 2012 and make reference to conflicting evidence regarding the risk of premature birth; some studies suggest an increased risk of preterm delivery (PTD) in women treated with protease inhibitors (PIs) but others do not. Several of these studies have been conducted in developing countries and not in a setting analogous to UK healthcare. The aim of this study was to examine data from HIV‐positive pregnant women attending a large UK teaching hospital, comparing the rates of PTD in women on PI‐based regimes to those on non‐PI based regimes. In addition, known and possible confounding risk factors for prematurity were considered.MethodsWe analysed retrospective data from the files of HIV‐positive women attending a UK maternity center with specialist HIV care between 2003 and 2012. Inclusion criteria were women who delivered live‐born infant(s) beyond 24 weeks gestation, and who were taking anti‐retroviral treatment at some point during the first 37 weeks of their pregnancy. Preterm delivery was defined as delivery at less than 37 weeks. Multi‐variable logistic regression adjusted for repeated measures was used to compare the rates of PTD in women on non‐PI‐based regimes with those on PI‐based regimes; adjusting for possible covariates, including the percentage increase in CD4 count during pregnancy, the timing of HAART initiation, and concurrent genital tract infections.ResultsA total of 208 pregnancies in 157 women were included in the study. The overall prematurity rate was 11.1% (PI=11.1%, non‐PI=10.8%), of which 5.8% were before 34 weeks. Analysis of the data demonstrated no statistically significant increased risk between PI and non‐PI based regimes, which persisted following adjustments for known and possible confounding factors.ConclusionsIn this study 11.1% of HIV‐positive women experienced PTD; in the general UK population 7.5% of pregnancies end in PTD [2]. The inclusion of a PI in the mother's HIV drug regime was not associated with an increased risk for PTD. An association between PTD and CD4 count increase in pregnancy of borderline significance was noted; p=0.053. This is particularly relevant for women commencing HAART during pregnancy in whom, although over 1.5 times as likely to have PTD as those on treatment at conception, this was not statistically significant.
HIV‐1 genetic variants in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Laga V , Kazennova E , Vasilyev A , Lapovok I , Ismailova A , Beysheeva N , Asybalieva N , Bobkova M 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesDuring the last two decades, HIV‐1 has been spreading rapidly in former Soviet Union republics including Kyrgyzstan. The current molecular monitoring of HIV‐infection epidemic is carried out in Russia only with no or limited data from the other FSU countries. The aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence of HIV‐1 genetic variants circulating in Kyrgyzstan.MethodsBlood collection from the HIV‐infected patients was carried out by local specialists with the informed consent and the questionnaire was answered by each of the patients. The total number of samples was 100. The washed cell pellets were transferred to Moscow following with proviral DNA extraction, PCR amplification and gag, pol and env genes sequencing. The phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences using neighbor‐joining method was carried out by MEGA 3 program. The preliminary data were obtained in 22 samples isolated from PBMC of HIV‐infected patients from Kyrgyzstan.ResultsAmong the samples studied 6 (27.3%) samples belonged to a subtype CRF02_AG, 16 samples ‐ to subtype A (A1). One of the samples belonging to CRF02_AG, probably, is a recombinant between CRF02_AG and A1. There was no major drug resistance mutations in the samples studied. The minor mutations were presented in small proportions: 1 in PR (L10I), 6 in RT (A62V ‐ in 3 samples, V108G, E138A, Y181F, M184I, L210M ‐ on one sample) and 1 in IN (L74M). It was impossible to associate the distribution of mutations with HIV‐1 genetic variant. The V3 loop (env gene) in 17 samples was analyzed for tropism using geno2pheno program; all samples were found to be R5‐viruses.ConclusionThe HIV‐1 subtype A seems to dominate in Kyrgyzstan like in other FSU countries. The recombinant CRF02_AG epidemiologically linked to Uzbekistan is quite widespread. The rest of Kyrgyzstan collection is under investigation and the data will be refined soon.
An Anti‐PSMA Bivalent Immunotoxin Exhibits Specificity and Efficacy for Prostate Cancer Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Zhang Fayun , Shan Liang , Liu Yuanyi , Neville David , Woo Jung‐Hee , Chen Yue , Korotcov Alexandru , Lin Stephen , Huang Sophia , Sridhar Rajagopalan , Liang Wei , Wang Paul C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractProstate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed on prostate tumor cells and the neovascular endothelia various solid tumors. A bivalent immunotoxin generated by fusing a fold‐back single‐chain diabody derived from the Fv fragments of an anti‐PSMA monoclonal antibody with a truncated diphtheria toxin (DT) containing the activity and translocation domains [A‐dmDT390‐scfbDb(PSMA)] might be suitable for targeted therapy of tumors that overexpress PSMA. In this study, a PSMA‐positive and a PSMA‐negative prostate cancer cell lines were treated with immunotoxin A‐dmDT390‐scfbDb(PSMA) in order to study the tumor targeting specificity and therapeutic potential of the immunotoxin. The cellular uptake and selective toxicity of the immunotoxin were evident in monolayer cultures of PSMA‐positive LNCaP prostate cancer cells but not in cultures of PSMA‐negative PC‐3 prostate cancer cells. Cellular accumulation of A‐dmDT390‐scfbDb(PSMA) increased with increasing incubation times and concentrations in LNCaP cells. The proportion of apoptotic LNCaP cells increased upon incubation with increasing doses of the fold‐back immunotoxin. Optical imaging and MRI with the Alexa Fluor 680‐labeled A‐dmDT390‐scfbDb(PSMA) confirmed the specific targeting and therapeutic efficacy of this immunotoxin towards PSMA‐positive LNCaP solid tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice.
Microgels composed of poly(ethylene imine) and carboxymethoxycoumarin: pH‐dependent and photodependent integrity
Authors: Ju Cha Hyun , Dai Jing , Kim Jin‐Chul 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe developed novel microgels by taking advantage of electrostatic interactions between poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) and carboxymethoxycoumarin (CMC) and hydrophobic interactions among CMCs. CMC was obtained by the hydrolysis of 7‐ethoxycarbonyl methoxycoumarin, which was derivatized from 7‐hydroxycoumarin. The microgels were prepared by the mixture of PEI solutions (pH 5.0 and 7.5) with CMC solutions of the same pHs so that the molar ratio of PEI to CMC was 1:23. The size of the microgels prepared at pH 7.5 (a few nanometers) was much smaller than that of the microgels prepared at pH 5.0 (a few micrometers); this was possibly due to the more electrostatic interaction of the PEIs and CMCs at higher pH values. The microgels disintegrated when the pH of medium (e.g., pH 7.5) changed to strongly acidic (e.g., pH 3.0) and strongly alkaline (e.g., pH 9.0). Under acidic conditions, PEI hardly interacted with CMC because of the lack of ionization. Under alkaline conditions, the PEI was electrically neutralized, so no electrostatic repulsion developed, and this led to collapsed microgels. In addition, CMCs contained in the microgels were readily photodimerized as much as free CMCs. The microgels developed in this study could be used as drug vehicles that respond to pH changes and photoirradiation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Reversibly crosslinked self‐healing PCL‐based networks
Authors: Mallek Hichem , Jegat Corinne , Mignard Nathalie , Abid Majdi , Abid Souhir , Taha Mohamed 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPoly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐based thermoreversible networks with self‐healing properties were prepared through Diels–Alder (DA) and retro‐DA reactions. Bis‐ or Tris‐maleimide compounds and a series of copolymer(caprolactone‐diene) PCLXFY (X: degree of polymerization and Y: furan‐average functionality) with Y between 2.4 and 4.9 were used. The successive sequences of formation and dissociation of polycaprolactone networks via DA and retro‐DA reactions were observed repeatedly by dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) and their gel‐temperatures determined. The cross‐linking densities, thermal properties, and thermal reversibility of the PCLXFY/multimaleimide polymers have been modulated by the structure and functionalities of the used diene and dienophile moieties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Manganese‐Doped Highly Ordered Mesoporous Silicate with High Efficiency for Oxidation Suppression
Authors: Kim Chang Woo , Kang Minhyuk , Moon Bongjin , Kim Jinheung , Kang Young Soo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate a facile approach to manganese‐doped highly ordered mesoporous silicate with oxidation‐suppression function. As biocompatible supports of guest ions, the ordered mesoporous silicate was synthesized by evaporation‐induced self‐assembly. The phase‐transition from disordered to lamellar structures in the highly ordered mesoporous structure of these porosity‐tuned materials was controlled by adjusting the concentration of a lab‐made polystyrene‐b‐polyethylene oxide copolymer. Manganese was successfully incorporated as a guest in the hexagonally packed mesoporous silicate by using an ultrasound‐assisted technique. The incorporation of manganese ions into the pores of a mesoporous silicate support could be induced for host–guest functional applications. Manganese‐doped mesoporous silicate structures have been examined for their use as antioxidizing agents by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements and radical‐scavenging tests. The manganese atoms in the mesoporous structures could act in a free‐radical‐scavenging capacity, much like manganese nanoparticles. The high efficiency of their oxidation‐suppression function is extended for application to catalytic products.
Reversible Phase Transformation and Luminescence of Cadmium(II)–Dipyridylamide‐Based Coordination Frameworks
Authors: Tzeng Biing‐Chiau , Wei Sheng‐Luen , Chang Tsung‐Yi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe have synthesized a series of 1D double‐zigzag ({[Cd(paps)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2}n (1), {[Cd(papo)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2}n (3), and {[Cd(papc)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2}n (5)) and 2D polyrotaxane frameworks ([Cd(papc)2(ClO4)2]n (6)) by the reaction of Cd(ClO4)2 with dipyridylamide ligands N,N′‐bis(pyridylcarbonyl)‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl thioether (paps), N,N′‐bis(pyridylcarbonyl)‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (papo), and N,N′‐(methylenedi‐p‐phenylene)bispyridine‐4‐carboxamide (papc), respectively, where their molecular structures have been determined by X‐ray diffraction studies. Based on the powder X‐ray data (PXRD) of compound 3 and its ZnII analogue, heating the double‐zigzag framework of compound 3 can give the polyrotaxane framework of [Cd(papo)2(ClO4)2]n (4) and grinding this powder sample in the presence of moisture resulted in its complete conversion back into the pure double‐zigzag framework. In addition, heating the double‐zigzag frameworks of compounds 1 and 5 can induce structural transformation into their respective polyrotaxanes, whereas grinding these solid samples in the presence of moisture did not lead to the formation of the double zigzags. Herein, we investigated the effect of the metal (from ZnII to CdII) on the assembly process and luminescence properties, as well as on the particularly intriguing structural transformation of a series of papx‐based frameworks. In fact, the assembly behavior and luminescence properties of the CdIIpapx and ZnIIpapx frameworks were really similar. However, both ZnIIpapx (x=s, o) frameworks can perform reversible structural transformation, but only the CdIIpapo framework can do it. Therefore, a delicate metal effect on such a new structural transformation can be observed.
Technology Synergy, Product Characteristics, and New Product Performance: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Authors: Tsai Kuen‐Hung , Huang Chi‐Tsun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe associations of technology synergy, product characteristics, and new product performance are widely spread in the marketing and innovation management literatures. However, little research integrates these associations. This study adopts a meta‐analytic approach to aggregate prior findings across studies published before 2010 to review the relationships between technology synergy, product characteristics, and new product performance. Structural equation analysis reveals that technology synergy has: (a) a positive medium effect on new product performance; (b) a positive and strong impact on product advantage, which then affects new product performance; and (c) an indirect effect on new product performance through product innovativeness and product advantage. These findings suggest that product innovation and advantage are important intermediaries between technology synergy and new product performance—as yet unrevealed in extant literature. Copyright © 2012 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of two methods for extraction of volatiles from marine PL emulsions
Authors: Henna Lu F. S. , Nielsen Nina S. , Jacobsen Charlotte 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe dynamic headspace (DHS) thermal desorption principle using Tenax GR tube, as well as the solid phase micro‐extraction (SPME) tool with carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane 50/30 µm CAR/PDMS SPME fiber, both coupled to GC/MS were implemented for the isolation and identification of both lipid and Strecker derived volatiles in marine phospholipids (PL) emulsions. Comparison of volatile extraction efficiency was made between the methods. For marine PL emulsions with a highly complex composition of volatiles headspace, a fiber saturation problem was encountered when using CAR/PDMS‐SPME for volatiles analysis. However, the CAR/PDMS‐SPME technique was efficient for lipid oxidation analysis in emulsions of less complex headspace. The SPME method extracted volatiles of lower molecular weights more efficient than the DHS method. On the other hand, DHS Tenax GR appeared to be more efficient in extracting volatiles of higher molecular weights and it provided a broader volatile spectrum for marine PL emulsion than the CAR/PDMS‐SPME method.
Electrochemical degradation and mechanistic analysis of microcystin‐LR
Authors: Zhang Yanrong , Zhang Ying , Yang Nan , Liao Wenjuan , Yoshihara Sachio 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundMicrocystin‐LR (MC‐LR) is very stable under natural sunlight and resistant to high temperatures and UV radiation. Conventional treatment techniques are found to be inefficient in removing these toxins from potable water systems. Advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs) are considered a promising technique for the destruction of microcystins. Among the various AOTs, electrochemical oxidation (EO) has been proved to be very successful in degrading the organic pollutants. The purpose of this study was therefore, to determine the feasibility of MC‐LR removal and its mechanism by EO. The effect of operational parameters on the degradation efficiency of MC‐LR has been studied.ResultsThe degradation of MC‐LR followed a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic with a rate constant (k1) of 0.017 min−1. Current density and electrolytes can affect the degradation rate; the pH of the different anionic solutions had a negligible effect on the degradation of MC‐LR. The destruction of the key functional groups of MC‐LR effectively inhibits its toxicity, which is confirmed by toxicity tests.ConclusionThe results demonstrated the feasibility of electrochemical oxidation on boron‐doped electrode for the removal of MC‐LR from the aquatic environment. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse using supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain fermentable sugars
Authors: Benazzi Tássio , Calgaroto Selma , Dalla Rosa Clarissa , Vladimir Oliveira J. , Mazutti Marcio A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis work evaluates the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse using supercritical carbon dioxide to obtain fermentable sugars in a single‐step process. The effects of temperature, pressure, despressurization rate, moisture content and reaction time on the amount of fermentable sugars released were assessed. Results obtained showed the feasibility of adopting the present procedure since it produced about 287 g of fermentable sugars per kg of dry bagasse, which corresponds to 60% yield on the basis of total cellulose. Such a result is very attractive from an industrial viewpoint because there is no use of toxic solvent, solvent removal is completed (no residues), and the method has very low water consumption since the process is a solid–gas reaction. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry