bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informed Choice for Newborn Blood Spot Screening in the United Kingdom: A Survey of Parental Perceptions
Authors: Nicholls Stuart G. , Southern Kevin W. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE:
In the United Kingdom, newborn blood spot screening proceeds on the basis of consent based on an informed choice. However, little is known about parent experiences of this process. This study was intended to explore parents’ understanding of newborn screening and their experience of the consent process using a structured survey.

METHODS:
A mail survey exploring key components of consent was sent to parents whose children had been screened in the year before the study. A descriptive analysis of responses together with logistic regression was performed to identify variables that predicted parental likelihood to agree that they had made an informed choice to screening.

RESULTS:
Most parents indicated they understood why the heel prick was done, but only a third understood how conditions would be dealt with if found. Almost a third of parents reported that they did not feel they had a choice to decline screening, yet &gt;70% felt they had made an informed choice. Logistic regression indicated previous children, understanding why the heel prick was done, having time to make a decision, and feeling they had a choice were significant predictors of feeling an informed choice had been made.

CONCLUSIONS:
The findings support previous studies that screening may be seen as a fait accompli. Analyses indicated that allowing time to make a decision (eg, by providing information during pregnancy, emphasizing the decision-making aspect, and clearly articulating the reasons behind screening) may help parents feel that they have made an informed choice.
Home Safety and Low-Income Urban Housing Quality
Authors: Gielen Andrea C. , Shields Wendy , McDonald Eileen , Frattaroli Shannon , Bishai David , Ma Xia 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVES:
Living in substandard housing may be one factor that increases the risk of fire and burn injuries in low-income urban environments. The purposes of this study are to (1) describe the frequency and characteristics of substandard housing in urban homes with young children and (2) explore the hypothesis that better housing quality is associated with a greater likelihood of having working smoke alarms and safe hot water temperatures.

METHODS:
A total 246 caregivers of children ages 0 to 7 years were recruited from a pediatric emergency department and a well-child clinic. In-home observations were completed by using 46 items from the Housing and Urban Development’s Housing Quality Standards.

RESULTS:
Virtually all homes (99%) failed the housing quality measure. Items with the highest failure rates were those related to heating and cooling; walls, ceilings, and floors; and sanitation and safety domains. One working smoke alarm was observed in 82% of the homes, 42% had 1 on every level, and 62% had safe hot water temperatures. For every increase of 1 item in the number of housing quality items passed, the odds of having any working smoke alarm increased by 10%, the odds of having 1 on every level by 18%, and the odds of having safe hot water temperatures by 8%.

CONCLUSIONS:
Many children may be at heightened risk for fire and scald burns by virtue of their home environment. Stronger collaboration between housing, health care, and injury prevention professionals is urgently needed to maximize opportunities to improve home safety.
Waterpipe Smoking and Dependence are Associated with Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Salameh P. , Waked M. , Khayat G. , Dramaix M. 
Published: November 2012

Introduction:
Waterpipe smoking gained popularity during recent years. Although waterpipe smoking exposes
people to the same noxious substances found in cigarettes, popular belief considers it harmless. Our objective was to
evaluate the association between waterpipe smoking and dependence, and COPD.

Methods:
We conducted a case-control study in two tertiary care hospitals. Cases were included if diagnosed as COPD by
a pulmonologist and confirmed by post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<0.7; controls were included if free of any respiratory
disease or symptom. After oral consent, a standardized questionnaire was administered and spirometry results were
collected.

Results:
211 COPD cases and 527 controls were studied. In previous smokers, any smoking type was associated with
COPD. The ORs were 29.0[14.3-58.8] (p<0.001) for previous cigarette smoking, 11.7[4.4-31.2] (p<0.001) for previous
waterpipe smoking, and 44.1[16.3-4.4] (p<0.001) for previous mixed smoking. In current smokers, the ORs were
20.5[10.2-41.2] (p<0.001) for cigarette smoking, 1.8[0.5-5.9] (p=0.299) for waterpipe smoking, and 9.4[3.81-23.0]
(p<0.001) for mixed smoking. Nevertheless, we found in waterpipe current smokers, an OR=8.9[3.9-20.7] (p<0.001) for
the association between dependence evaluated by LWDS-11 scale, and COPD. These results were confirmed by stratified
and multivariate analysis, after adjustment for cigarette smoking and confounding variables. A cumulative smoking of one
waterpipe per week for 20years (or its equivalent) was predictive of higher risk of COPD.

Discussion:
Whereas evidence showing harmful effects of waterpipe smoking is sparse, this study showed a high OR
between the risk of developing COPD and being an ex-smoker of waterpipe, or a current waterpipe dependent individual.
Additional studies are necessary to confirm our results.
Fifty years of the spectrum problem: survey and new results
Authors: Durand Arnaud , Jones Neil D. , Makowsky Johann A. , More Malika 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn 1952, Heinrich Scholz published a question in The Journal of Symbolic Logic asking for a characterization of spectra, i.e., sets of natural numbers that are the cardinalities of finite models of first order sentences. Günter Asser in turn asked whether the complement of a spectrum is always a spectrum. These innocent questions turned out to be seminal for the development of finite model theory and descriptive complexity. In this paper we survey developments over the last 50-odd years pertaining to the spectrum problem. Our presentation follows conceptual developments rather than the chronological order. Originally a number theoretic problem, it has been approached by means of recursion theory, resource bounded complexity theory, classification by complexity of the defining sentences, and finally by means of structural graph theory. Although Scholz' question was answered in various ways, Asser's question remains open.
An Examination of the Legal Liability Associated with Outsourcing and Offshoring Audit Procedures
Authors: Lyubimov Alex , Arnold Vicky , Sutton Steve G. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARY:
Accounting firms have steadily increased the use of outsourcing and offshoring of professional services including independent audit procedures. While firms suggest that the work is of higher quality and similar litigation risk, questions remain as to whether public perceptions may be more negative. This paper examines liability associated with an audit failure when work is performed by another office of the same firm or outsourced to a separate firm, and whether the work is performed domestically or in another country. Results indicate main effects for outsourcing on compensatory damages and an interaction between outsourcing and offshoring on punitive damages. Surprisingly, jurors assess higher than expected litigation awards for a failure by another domestic office of the firm for punitive damages. This result suggests that the close proximity in terms of both geography and organizational distance of the domestic office of the firm leads jurors to find the audit failure less understandable. Post hoc analyses indicate that potential jurors perceive that work completed by another domestic office of the firm has the highest expected quality and lowest risk, while work that is outsourced offshore is expected to be lowest quality and highest risk—consistent with proximity theory.
Maxillary growth and maturation during infancy and early childhood
Authors: Laowansiri Utumporn , Behrents Rolf G. , Araujo Eustaquio , Oliver Donald R. , Buschang Peter H. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To describe maxillary growth and maturation during infancy and early childhood.

Materials and Methods:
Serial cephalograms (N  =  210) of 30 subjects (15 females and 15 males) from the Bolton-Brush Growth Study were analyzed. Each subject had a series of six consecutive cephalograms taken between birth and 5 years of age, as well as one adult cephalogram. Twelve maxillary measurements (eight linear and four angular) and seven landmarks were used to characterize maxillary growth. Maturation of the linear measures was described as a percentage of adult status.

Results:
Maxillary and anterior cranial base size increased in both sexes between 0.4 and 5 years of age. The linear anteroposterior (AP) measures (S-SE, SE-N, ANS-PNS) increased almost as much as the vertical measures (S-PNS, SE-PNS, N-A, N-ANS) over the first 5 years. After 5 years of age there was significantly more vertical than AP growth. The size and shape changes that occurred were greatest between 0.4 and 1 years; yearly velocities decelerated regularly thereafter. Overall linear growth changes that occurred between 0.5 and 5 years of age (a span of 4.5 years) were generally greater than the changes in maxillary growth that occurred between 5 and 16 years (a span of 11 years). The linear measures showed a gradient of maturation, with the AP measures being more mature than the vertical measures. Male maxillae were less mature than female maxillae at every age.

Conclusions:
The maxilla undergoes its greatest postnatal growth change during infancy and early childhood, when relative AP growth and maturation are emphasized.
Comparer les espaces régionaux : stratégie de recherche et mise à distance du nationalisme méthodologique
Authors: Pasquier Romain 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Comment construire un cadre analytique comparatif ? Quelles stratégies empiriques le chercheur doit-il ensuite déployer dans la collecte des données ? Cet article cherche à apporter des éléments de réponse à partir d’expériences variées de comparaison sur les régions en Europe. Le premier défi est de penser l’espace regional en tant qu’unité d’analyse du changement politique afin de mettre à distance le nationalisme méthodologique et, ainsi, rendre possible la comparaison entre les régions et leurs différentes les traditions politiques, les valeurs sociales ou cultures. Cela suppose donc de considérer le territoire non pas comme un simple receptacle de dynamiques exogènes, mais comme un espace institutionnalisé, producteur de logiques autonomes de pouvoir. Le second défi consiste à mettre au service de la démonstration un matériau empirique riche et varié dans le but de construire un point de vue original et argumenté sur le phénomène étudié. Ce traitement croisé de données qualitatives et quantitatives permet une densification de ce que l’on peut qualifier de faisceaux d’indice empirique. C’est en effet en collectant un large matériau empirique concordant que l’on peut être en mesure d’établir des relations de causalité entre les phénomènes étudiés et donc mieux appréhender et informer les paramètres du pouvoir regional
Le problème de l'interdépendance dans la comparaison des politiques publiques infranationales : une méta-analyse des mécanismes de diffusion
Authors: Maggetti Martino 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Un des problèmes majeurs de la méthode comparative, et notamment de la comparaison entre politiques publiques infranationales, est le fait que les phénomènes à comparer, au lieu de consister en unités analytiques indépendantes les unes des autres, sont au contraire susceptibles de s’influencer mutuellement. Cette contribution aborde la problématique de l’interdépendance, avec une attention particulière aux différences entre politiques publiques internationales et infranationales. Elle synthétisera et discutera les apports des travaux empiriques sur la diffusion, à travers une métaanalyse des « conditions nécessaires » pour les différents mécanismes de diffusion des politiques publiques. Dans ce but, elle analysera, un échantillon de la littérature scientifique avec la technique des ensembles flous, et illustré à l’aide d’exemples concrets.
Innovation projects and visions on the future: ambition and commitment in the Agropark case
Authors: Hoes Anne-Charlotte , Regeer Barbara J. , Zweekhorst Marjolein B.M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Since the 1980s, Dutch agricultural policy focuses on changing the agricultural sector into a more sustainable sector. In this article we explore an Agropark visioning initiative and four Agropark innovation projects to provide further understanding in how visions on the future influence innovation projects. In addition we question which innovation strategies actors adopt to ensure both high levels of ambition and high degrees of commitment towards the innovation Agropark. Our study shows that future visions can lead to high expectation within the policy and public domain which creates both opportunities and tensions for innovation projects. Furthermore, the analysis shows that each Agropark innovation project applied specific innovation strategies that suited their distinct context and network of actors. Furthermore, actors within the innovation projects contextualise and thereby re-design future visions into local visions. They thus create a more viable design but at the same time dilute initial ambitions. Recognising these tensions and opportunities in their different guises, and making them part of the learning process time and again, both at regime level and at niche level, assist actors that aspire to guide far-reaching innovations.
Architectural Analysis of Clear Corneal Incision Techniques in Cataract Surgery Using Fourier-Domain OCT
Authors: Teixeira Anderson , Salaroli Camila , Filho Flavio Rezende , Pinto Francisco Teixeira , Souza Nonato , Sousa Benedito Antonio , Allemann Norma 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare the architecture of single plane self-sealing clear corneal incision (SP-CCI) and shallow grooved self-sealing clear corneal incision (SG-CCI) after cataract surgery using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
An FD-OCT system with a corneal adaptor module was used to image the corneal incisions in radial sections in 44 eyes. A line scan pattern was used to measure the corneal incision, positioning the caliper mark perpendicular to the limbus. Measurements were performed immediately after cataract surgery and at postoperative days 1, 7, and 30. Incisions were analyzed regarding length, location, angle, architecture, and anatomic imperfections.

RESULTS:

All incisions were located superiorly (temporal, 24 eyes; nasal, 20 eyes). The mean SG-CCI length (20 eyes) was 1.79 ± 0.31 mm (range: 0.93–2.64 mm) and the mean incision angle was 37 ± 7 degrees (range: 24–34 degrees). The mean SP-CCI length (22 eyes) was 1.64 ± 0.22 mm (range: 1.25–2.36 mm) and the mean incision angle was 38.5 ± 5 degrees (range: 27–52 degrees) (
P
< .05). Anatomic imperfections were observed at postoperative day 1 in 19 eyes for SP-CCI and 14 eyes for SG-CCI. No patient presented endophthalmitis during 30 days of follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
Epithelial imperfection at the corneal incision site was observed in more than 36% of the wounds (36% in SP-CCI and 45% in SG-CCI) at postoperative day 1 with spontaneous resolution. SG-CCI had the greatest length and lowest angle of corneal incision. Reduced incision length and inappropriate construction may determine risk factors for wound architectural imperfections. Further studies including more patients with an architectural analysis of clear corneal incisions are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
Antibody C Region Influences TGN1412-like Functional Activity In Vitro
Authors: Ball Christina , Fox Bernard , Hufton Simon , Sharp Giles , Poole Stephen , Stebbings Richard , Eastwood David , Findlay Lucy , Parren Paul W. H. I. , Thorpe Robin , Bristow Adrian , Thorpe Susan J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe unexpected outcome of the clinical trial of the superagonistic CD28 mAb TGN1412 (IgG4κ) continues to stimulate interest. We show that TGN1412 binds similarly to human and cynomolgus macaque FcγR, eliminating the possibility that differences in Fc-mediated interactions with FcγR contributed to the failure of preclinical testing in macaques to predict toxicity in humans. The influence of the Fc domain and C region structure on the in vitro functional activity of TGN1412 was investigated using F(ab′)2 and Fab fragments derived from TGN1412 recovered from the trial and recombinant TGN1412 subclass variants and mutants. Superagonistic activity, as measured by cytokine release and proliferation, was assessed by exposing PBMCs to immobilized mAbs/fragments or to aqueous mAbs/fragments in the presence of HUVEC monolayers. Removing the Fc generally curtailed or abolished PBMC activation. However, eliminating detectable FcγR-binding of the IgG4 by mutation (L235E) did not abrogate activity. Stabilizing the “wild-type” IgG4 hinge (S228P) enhanced activity without increasing FcγR binding, which could only partially be explained by inhibition of Fab arm–exchange. Subclass switching the IgG4 mAb to IgG1 decreased activity, whereas switching to IgG2 markedly increased activity. We conclude that the C region strongly influences in vitro CD28-mediated superagonistic signaling. Superagonism requires an intact Fc, as shown by the absence of activity of TGN1412 Fab and F(ab′)2 fragments, but, notably, appears to be relatively independent of FcγR-binding properties. We propose that the Fc, potentially through restricting flexibility, maintains a favorable V region conformation to allow superagonistic activity. These findings have important implications for Ab design strategies.
Regulation of Allograft Survival by Inhibitory FcγRIIb Signaling
Authors: Callaghan Chris J. , Win Thet Su , Motallebzadeh Reza , Conlon Thomas M. , Chhabra Manu , Harper Inês , Sivaganesh Siva , Bolton Eleanor M. , Bradley J. Andrew , Brownlie Rebecca J. , Smith Kenneth G. C. , Pettigrew Gavin J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFcγ receptors (FcγR) provide important immunoregulation. Targeting inhibitory FcγRIIb may therefore prolong allograft survival, but its role in transplantation has not been addressed. FcγRIIb signaling was examined in murine models of acute or chronic cardiac allograft rejection by transplanting recipients that either lacked FcγRIIb expression (FcγRIIb−/−) or overexpressed FcγRIIb on B cells (B cell transgenic [BTG]). Acute heart allograft rejection occurred at the same tempo in FcγRIIb−/− C57BL/6 (B6) recipients as wild type recipients, with similar IgG alloantibody responses. In contrast, chronic rejection of MHC class II–mismatched bm12 cardiac allografts was accelerated in FcγRIIb−/− mice, with development of more severe transplant arteriopathy and markedly augmented effector autoantibody production. Autoantibody production was inhibited and rejection was delayed in BTG recipients. Similarly, whereas MHC class I–mismatched B6.Kd hearts survived indefinitely and remained disease free in B6 mice, much stronger alloantibody responses and progressive graft arteriopathy developed in FcγRIIb−/− recipients. Notably, FcγRIIb-mediated inhibition of B6.Kd heart graft rejection was abrogated by increasing T cell help through transfer of additional H2.Kd-specific CD4 T cells. Thus, inhibitory FcγRIIb signaling regulates chronic but not acute rejection, most likely because the supra-optimal helper CD4 T cell response in acute rejection overcomes FcγRIIb-mediated inhibition of the effector B cell population. Immunomodulation of FcγRIIb in clinical transplantation may hold potential for inhibiting progression of transplant arteriopathy and prolonging transplant survival.
B Cell TLR7 Expression Drives Anti-RNA Autoantibody Production and Exacerbates Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus–Prone Mice
Authors: Hwang Sun-Hee , Lee Huiyin , Yamamoto Miwako , Jones Leigh A. , Dayalan Jivanaah , Hopkins Richard , Zhou Xin J. , Yarovinsky Felix , Connolly John E. , Curotto de Lafaille Maria A. , Wakeland Edward K. , Fairhurst Anna-Marie 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of antinuclear autoantibodies. Antinuclear autoantibody development is recognized as one of the initial stages of disease that often results in systemic inflammation, kidney disease, and death. The etiology is complex, but it is clear that innate pathways may play an important role in disease progression. Recent data have highlighted an important role for the TLR family, particularly TLR7, in both human disease and murine models. In this study, we have presented a low copy conditional TLR7 transgenic (Tg7) mouse strain that does not develop spontaneous autoimmunity. When we combine Tg7 with the Sle1 lupus susceptibility locus, the mice develop severe disease. Using the CD19Cre recombinase system, we normalized expression of TLR7 solely within the B cells. Using this method we demonstrated that overexpression of TLR7 within the B cell compartment reduces the marginal zone B cell compartment and increases B and T cell activation but not T follicular helper cell development. Moreover, this enhanced B cell TLR7 expression permits the specific development of Abs to RNA/protein complexes and exacerbates SLE disease.
Family business research at a tipping point threshold
Authors: Craig Justin B , Moores Ken , Howorth Carole , Poutziouris Panikkos 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we report the frequency that family business research has been published by year and by discipline in top-tier journals as listed in the Journal Quality List (JQL) (Harzing 2008) to argue that family business research has reached a tipping point threshold. We suggest that the acceptance of family business research in top-tier journals is the tipping point that will enamor the field to a wider researcher audience and thereby further contribute to paradigmatic development.
Scleral Buckling Dislocation Mimicking Glaucoma Progression
Authors: Codenotti Marco , Iuliano Lorenzo , Fogliato Giovanni , De Benedetto Umberto , Bandello Francesco 
Published: November 2012

Purpose. To report a case of scleral dislocation mimicking glaucoma progression. Methods. Interventional case report. Results. A 71-year-old man was referred for glaucoma surgery in his right eye because of perimetry defect progression and uncontrolled intraocular pressure despite maximal medical therapy. A scleral buckling procedure in his right eye was previously performed for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. At the time of presentation, a visible protruded sponge buckle element was noted at ocular inspection, without any sign of infection. The buckle element was posteriorly in contact with the optic nerve and anteriorly protruding under intact conjunctiva. We eventually managed for its removal via upper eyelid orbitotomy. Visual field lesions were unchanged on every follow-up visit. Conclusions. This case report describes severe permanent optic nerve damage due to previous misdiagnosis of a rare complication of scleral buckling surgery. Our surgical solution appears to be a safe and successful approach for this ocular disorder, also able to stabilize visual function and interrupt disease progression.