bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomic correlates of supra‐normal ankle brachial indices
Authors: Weinberg Ido , Giri Jay , Calfon Marcella A. , Hawkins Beau M. , Weinberg Mitchell D. , Margey Ronan , Hannon Kathleen , Schainfeld Robert M. , Jaff Michael R. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundSupra‐normal ankle brachial index (ABI) (>1.40), poses diagnostic challenges to determine the presence, location, and severity of peripheral artery disease (PAD). The anatomic distribution of PAD in patients with elevated ABI has not been previously described.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients referred to the Massachusetts General Hospital vascular diagnostic laboratory from 5 January 2006 to 12 January 2011 who had both a supra‐normal ABI and contrast arteriography (CA) within 3 months of each other is reported. Angiographic patterns were described using the Trans Atlantic Inter Society Consensus II (TASC II) classification.ResultsOne‐hundred sixteen limbs were analyzed in 92 patients. Mean age was 71.6 years (±11.2); 81.5% (75/92) were male; 85.9% Caucasian (79/92); 67.4% diabetics (62/92); 78.3% hypertensive (72/92); 67.4% hypercholesterolemic (62/92); and 64.1% were current or former tobacco users (59/92). Chronic hemodialysis was present in 18.5% (17/92) and 15.2% (14/92) received chronic corticosteroids. Intermittent claudication was present in 46.7% (43/92) and critical limb ischemia in 52.2% (48/92). Aortoiliac, femoral and infra‐popliteal involvement per angiography occurred in 14.9% (15/101), 56.1% (60/107), and 84.0% (84/100), respectively. Multilevel disease was present in 48.8% (42/86) of patients. PAD was absent in 4.7% (4/86) of patients. Toe brachial index <0.7 was found in 92% (92/100) of patients with angiographically confirmed PAD.ConclusionIn symptomatic patients referred to a vascular laboratory who were found to have supra‐normal ABI, nearly one half exhibited multilevel PAD, and over 80% had infrapopliteal involvement. A supra‐normal ABI in such patients mandates evaluation for the presence and extent of PAD. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bipolar cell–photoreceptor connectivity in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) retina
Authors: Li Yong N. , Tsujimura Taro , Kawamura Shoji , Dowling John E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBipolar cells convey luminance, spatial, and color information from photoreceptors to amacrine and ganglion cells. We studied the photoreceptor connectivity of 321 bipolar cells in the adult zebrafish retina. 1,1′‐Dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) was inserted into whole‐mounted transgenic zebrafish retinas to label bipolar cells. The photoreceptors that connect to these DiI‐labeled cells were identified by transgenic fluorescence or their positions relative to the fluorescent cones, as cones are arranged in a highly ordered mosaic: rows of alternating blue‐ (B) and ultraviolet‐sensitive (UV) single cones alternate with rows of red‐ (R) and green‐sensitive (G) double cones. Rod terminals intersperse among cone terminals. As many as 18 connectivity subtypes were observed, 9 of which—G, GBUV, RG, RGB, RGBUV, RGRod, RGBRod, RGBUVRod, and RRod bipolar cells—accounted for 96% of the population. Based on their axon terminal stratification, these bipolar cells could be further subdivided into ON, OFF, and ON–OFF cells. The dendritic spread size, soma depth and size, and photoreceptor connections of the 308 bipolar cells within the nine common connectivity subtypes were determined, and their dendritic tree morphologies and axonal stratification patterns compared. We found that bipolar cells with the same axonal stratification patterns could have heterogeneous photoreceptor connectivity whereas bipolar cells with the same dendritic tree morphology usually had the same photoreceptor connectivity, although their axons might stratify on different levels. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3786–3802, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Spiro‐ and Fused Azacycles from Ketone Molecular Templates
Authors: Maltais René , Poirier Donald 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA new diversity‐oriented synthesis (DOS) methodology was developed to generate different types of azacycles (oxazinones, oxazolidinones, and morpholines) from β‐amino diols, which can be easily obtained from ketones. Considering the large number of natural products and synthetic templates bearing a ketone functionality, this DOS methodology opens the door to the exploration of chemical space regions around the ketone and will favor the discovery of bioactive compounds.
A New 30‐Noroleanane Saponin from Wedelia chinensis
Authors: Li Xing , Wang Yu‐Fang , Shi Qing‐Wen , Sauriol Françoise 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA novel 30‐nortriterpenoid saponin, (3β)‐3‐hydroxy‐30‐noroleana‐12,20(29)‐dien‐28‐oic acid 3‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosiduronic acid 6‐methyl ester) (1), and a known compound, (3β)‐oleanolic acid 3‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosiduronic acid 6‐methyl ester) (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Wedelia chinensis. The structures were established by their spectral data including 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, 1H,1H‐COSY, HMBC, HSQC, NOESY, and HR‐FAB‐MS data.
Polyprenylated Xanthones and Benzophenones from the Bark of Garcinia oblongifolia
Authors: Shan Wei‐Guang , Lin Tian‐Song , Yu Hai‐Ning , Chen Yan , Zhan Zha‐Jun 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA new polyprenylated xanthone (=9H‐xanthen‐9‐one) and a new polyprenylated benzophenone, namely oblongifolixanthone A (1) and garciniagifolone A (2), were isolated from the bark of Garcinia oblongifolia, together with five known compounds including the four xanthones 3–5 and 7 and a benzophenone 6. The structures of 1 and 2 were established by detailed analysis of their spectroscopic data, especially 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectra and HR‐ESI‐MS data. All these compounds were assayed for their cytotoxic activities against three human tumor cell lines (HeLa, SGC7901, and HepG2). The 1,3,6,7‐tetrahydroxy‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one (3) was inactive, and the other compounds showed weak to moderate activity.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation as Antibacterial Agents of Water‐Soluble Calix[4]arenes and Phenol Derivatives Incorporating Carboxylate Groups
Authors: Mourer Maxime , Fontanay Stéphane , Duval Raphaël E. , Regnouf‐de‐Vains Jean‐Bernard 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAs part of specific investigations dedicated to the building of a chemical library of calixarenes with anti‐infective properties, some H2O‐soluble calix[4]arene derivatives incorporating carboxylate groups at the upper rim and heterocycles at the lower rim have been prepared and characterized as have their constitutive functional monomers. In vitro antibacterial testing against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative reference strains shows that the derivative with two 5,5′‐dicarboxylated 2,2′‐bithiazole subunits in alternate positions at the lower rim displays an activity at ca. 70 μM (128 μg/ml) on S. aureus ATCC 29213.
Preparation and Characterization of NewC2‐ andC1‐Symmetric Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, and Sulfur Derivatives and Analogs of TADDOL. Part I
Authors: Pichota Arkadius , Gramlich Volker , Beck Albert K. , Seebach Dieter 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe chloro alcohols4–6derived from TADDOLs (=α,α,α′,α′‐tetraaryl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4,5‐dimethanols) are used to prepare corresponding sulfanyl alcohols, ethers, and amines (Scheme 1andTable 1). The dithiol analog of TADDOL and derivatives thereof,45–49, were also synthesized. The crystal structures of 16 representatives of this series of compounds are reported (Figs. 1–3andScheme 2). The thiols were employed in Cu‐catalyzed enantioselective conjugate additions ofGrignardreagents to cyclic enones, with cycloheptenone giving the best results (er up to 94 : 6). The enantioselectivity reverses fromSi‐addition with the sulfanyl alcohol toRe‐addition with the alkoxy or dimethylamino thiols (Table 4). CuI‐Thiolates,50–53, could be isolated in up to 84% yield (Scheme 2) and were shown to have tetranuclear structures in the gas phase (by ESI‐MS), in solution (CH2Cl2, THF; by vapor‐pressure osmometry and by NMR pulsed‐gradient diffusion measurements;Table 5), and in the solid state (X‐ray crystal structures inScheme 2). The Cu complex50of the sulfanyl alcohol is stable in air and in the presence of weak aqueous acid, and it is a highly active catalyst (0.5 mol‐%) for the 1,4‐additions, leading to the same enantio‐ and regioselectivities observed with thein situgenerated catalyst (6.5 mol‐%;Scheme 3). Since the reaction mixtures contain additional metal salts (MgX2, LiX) it is not possible at this stage, to propose a mechanistic model for the conjugate additions.
Coupling of a simultaneous heat and water model with a distributed hydrological model and evaluation of the combined model in a cold region watershed
Authors: Zhang Yanlin , Cheng Guodong , Li Xin , Han Xujun , Wang Lei , Li Hongyi , Chang Xiaoli , Flerchinger G. N. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSnow and frozen soil prevail in cold regions worldwide, and the integration of these processes is crucial in hydrological models. In this study, a combined model was developed by fully coupling a simultaneous heat and water model with a geomorphologically based distributed hydrological model. The combined model simulates vertical and lateral water transfer as well as vertical heat fluxes and is capable of representing the effects of frozen soil and snowmelt on hydrological processes in cold regions. This model was evaluated by using in situ observations in the Binggou watershed, an experimental watershed for cold region hydrology of the Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research Project. Results showed that the model was able to predict soil freezing and thawing, unfrozen soil water content, and snow depth reasonably well. The simulated hydrograph was in good agreement with the in situ observation. The Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of daily discharge was 0.744 for the entire simulation period, 0.472 from April to June, and 0.711 from June to November. This model can improve our understanding of hydrological processes in cold regions and assess the impacts of global warming on hydrological cycles and water resources. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer and for Infections: What Is the Difference?
Authors: Sharma Sulbha K. , Mroz Pawel , Dai Tianhong , Huang Ying‐Ying , Denis Tyler G. St. , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) was discovered over one hundred years ago when it was observed that certain dyes could kill microorganisms when exposed to light in the presence of oxygen. Since those early days, PDT has mainly been developed as a cancer therapy and as a way to destroy proliferating blood vessels. However, recently it has become apparent that PDT may also be used as an effective antimicrobial modality and a potential treatment for localized infections. This review discusses the similarities and differences between the application of PDT for the treatment of microbial infections and for cancer lesions. Type I and type II photodynamic processes are described, and the structure‐function relationships of optimal anticancer and antimicrobial photosensitizers are outlined. The different targeting strategies, intracellular photosensitizer localization, and pharmacokinetic properties of photosensitizers required for these two different PDT applications are compared and contrasted. Finally, the ability of PDT to stimulate an adaptive or innate immune response against pathogens and tumors is also covered.
Functional Analyses in the Silkworm,Bombyx mori, Support a Role for Notch Signaling in Appendage Development But Not theGroucho‐Dependent Pair‐Rule Process
Authors: Liu Wenbin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPair‐rule genes are crucial for generating dual segment periodicity for body plan patterning inDrosophila.Bombyx moriis an intermediate germband insect, in which the formation of posterior segments via sequential addition follows a different process from that inDrosophila, although it is somewhat comparable to the process that occurs in vertebrates. Notch signaling is involved in the segmentation of vertebrates, spiders, and basal insects. Groucho (Gro) participates in Notch signaling as a corepressor and plays an important role during segmentation by interacting with other pair‐rule proteins. Here, we cloned agrohomolog in the silkworm and positioned it at chromosome 21 in the genetic linkage map. Functional analyses ofBmgroandBmnotchduring embryogenesis were conducted using RNA interference (RNAi). Depletion ofBmgroled to a loss of odd‐numbered segments, a characteristic pair‐rule phenotype.BmnotchRNAi resulted in that paired appendages on each segment were symmetrically fused along the ventral midline. An individual segment seemed to possess only one segmental appendage when Notch signaling was compromised. Irregular segments were observed in theBmnotchRNAi embryo. Our results show that the involvement ofBmgroduring the pair‐rule process is not mediated by Notch signaling in silkworm. Notch signaling remains in appendage segmentation and restriction of cell fate. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 9999B:651–662, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac MRI in postoperative congenital heart disease patients
Authors: van der Hulst Annelies E. , Roest Arno A.W. , Westenberg Jos J.M. , Kroft Lucia J.M. , de Roos Albert 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe survival of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) has greatly improved over the past decades. Nevertheless, lifelong follow‐up is required in postoperative CHD patients, and noninvasive imaging plays an important role during follow‐up. Cardiac MR (CMR) imaging enables comprehensive imaging of cardiac function and anatomy, and helps to detect patients who need re‐intervention and to predict clinical outcome. Postoperative CHD patients who are frequently referred for CMR evaluation include those with coarctation of the aorta, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and single ventricle patients after the Fontan procedure. This article reviews the current clinical role of CMR in these various subgroups of postoperative CHD patients. Furthermore, an overview of novel CMR applications and their clinical value in CHD patients is provided. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:511–528. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of the essential oil of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) growing in different agro‐climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Joshi Robin , Sharma Poonam , Sharma Virbala , Prasad Ramdeen , Sud R K , Gulati Ashu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate variations in the chemical composition of the essential oil from seeds of large cardamom grown at different altitudes in Himachal Pradesh, India. The composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC‐O).ResultsThe oil components showed qualitative and quantitative variations in the composition. GC and GC‐MS analysis led to the identification of 55 compounds representing 98% of total oil. Major components in the oil were 1,8‐cineole, α‐terpineol, dl‐limonene, nerolidol, 4‐terpineol, δ‐terpineol, δ‐3‐carene, β‐myrcene, germacrene D, α‐terpinene and longifolenaldehyde. The oil yields obtained were 9.8–19.5 g kg−1. Cardamom oil from Himachal Pradesh was found to contain new compounds, viz. 4‐terpineol, δ‐3‐carene, trans‐sabinene hydrate, 1‐phellandrene, α‐terpinene, bicyclo‐germacrene, isopinocarveol and ledenoxid‐II. α‐Terpenyl acetate, the major constituent of small cardamom, was also detected in the oil of large cardamom grown in Himachal Pradesh. Application of aroma extract dilution analysis revealed 35 compounds having aroma impact with the flavour dilution factor ranging from 2 to 1024, and 34 of these compounds were identified. The five most intense aromatic components are dl‐limonene, 1,8‐cineole, β‐myrcene, α‐pinene, α‐basabolol. This is the first time that the characterisation of odour‐active compounds has been carried out on large cardamom.ConclusionThe presence of 4‐terpineol, δ‐3‐carene, trans‐sabinene hydrate, 1‐phellandrene, α‐terpinene, 1‐terpineol, bicyclogermacrene, isopinocarveol, ledenoxid‐II, longifolenaldehyde and α‐terpenyl acetate make the aroma of the oil different from large cardamom oil of Sikkim and could offer potential as a new food flavour.
A photoactivated nanofiber graft material for augmented Achilles tendon repair
Authors: Ni Tao , Senthil‐Kumar Prabhu , Dubbin Karen , Aznar‐Cervantes Salvador D. , Datta Néha , Randolph Mark A. , Cenis José L. , Rutledge Gregory C. , Kochevar Irene E. , Redmond Robert W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSuture repair of Achilles tendon rupture can cause infection, inflammation and scarring, while prolonged immobilization promotes adhesions to surrounding tissues and joint stiffness. Early mobilization can reduce complications provided the repair is strong enough to resist re‐rupture. We have developed a biocompatible, photoactivated tendon wrap from electrospun silk (ES) to provide additional strength to the repair that could permit early mobilization, and act as a barrier to adhesion formation.Study Design/Material and MethodsES nanofiber mats were prepared by electrospinning. New Zealand white rabbits underwent surgical transection of the Achilles tendon and repair by: (a) SR: standard Kessler suture + epitendinous suture (5‐0 vicryl). (b) ES/PTB: a single stay suture and a section of ES mat, stained with 0.1% Rose Bengal (RB), wrapped around the tendon and bonded with 532 nm light (0.3 W/cm2, 125 J/cm2). (c) SR + ES/PTB: a combination of (a) and (b). Gross appearance, extent of adhesion formation and biomechanical properties of the repaired tendon were evaluated at Days 7, 14, or 28 post‐operatively (n = 8 per group at each time point).ResultsUltimate stress (US) and Young's modulus (E) in the SR group were not significantly different from the ES/PTB group at Days 7 (US, P = 0.85; E, P = 1), 14 (US, P = 0.054; E, P = 1), and 28 (US, P = 0.198; E, P = 0.12) post‐operatively. Adhesions were considerably greater in the SR group compared to the ES/PTB group at Days 7 (P = 0.002), 14 (P < 0.0001), and 28 (P < 0.0001). The combination approach of SR + ES/PTB gave the best outcomes in terms of E at 7 (P < 0.016) and 14 days (P < 0.016) and reduced adhesions compared to SR at 7 (P < 0.0001) and 14 days (P < 0.0001), the latter suggesting a barrier function for the photobonded ES wrap.ConclusionPhotochemical sealing of a ES mat around the tendon repair site provides considerable benefit in Achilles tendon repair. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 645–652, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interpolation of uniformly absolutely continuous operators
Authors: Cobos Fernando , Gogatishvili Amiran , Opic Bohumír , Pick Luboš 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe develop a method suitable for interpolation of uniformly absolutely continuous operators. We then apply this method to establishing compactness of operators and embeddings especially in the limiting situations, where the classical interpolation methods fail. We study types of certain interpolation methods and their sharpness.
Nrf2 knockout enhances intestinal tumorigenesis in Apcmin/+ mice due to attenuation of anti‐oxidative stress pathway while potentiates inflammation
Authors: Cheung Ka Lung , Lee Jong Hun , Khor Tin Oo , Wu Tien‐Yuan , Li Guang Xun , Chan Jefferson , Yang Chung S. , Kong Ah‐Ng Tony 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are found in more than 80% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The nuclear transcription factor Nrf2 plays a central role in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Previously, we have shown that chronic inflammation in Nrf2−/− (Nrf2 knockout; KO) mice resulted in higher expression of inflammatory markers and cytokines, coupled with higher inflammatory damage to the colonic crypt cells, as compared to the Nrf2+/+ (wild type; WT) mice. Induction of mutation in the colon by administration of carcinogen, AOM prior to DSS‐induced inflammation resulted in higher tumor incidence and numbers in Nrf2KO mice. These results indicate that Nrf2‐dependent inhibition of inflammation appears to be critical in inhibiting mutation‐initiated colorectal carcinogenesis. In this study, we aim to investigate if loss of Nrf2 would dose‐dependently promote intestinal tumorigenesis in Apcmin/+ mice. To demonstrate the in vivo mechanisms, we constructed both Apc mutated and Nrf2 deficient strain Apcmin/+ mice with C57BL/6 Nrf2KO mice to obtain F1, Apcmin/+;Nrf2+/− and F2, Apcmin/+;Nrf2−/−mice. Nrf2KO decreased the protein expression of antioxidant enzyme NQO1 in Apcmin/+. In contrast, Nrf2KO enhanced the expression of inflammatory markers such as COX‐2, cPLA, LTB4 in Apcmin/+. Finally, Nrf2KO resulted in higher level of PCNA and c‐Myc expression in intestinal tissue, indicating the deficiency of Nrf2 promotes proliferation of intestinal crypt cells in Apcmin/+. Taken together, our results suggest that Nrf2KO attenuates anti‐oxidative stress pathway, induces inflammation, and increases proliferative potential in the intestinal crypts leading to enhanced intestinal carcinogenesis and adenomas in Apcmin/+. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Community‐based participatory research and the challenges of qualitative analysis enacted by lay, nurse, and academic researchers
Authors: Foster Jennifer W. , Chiang Fidela , Burgos Rosa I. , Cáceres Ramona E. , Tejada Carmen M. , Almonte Asela T. , Noboa Frank R.M. , Perez Lidia J. , Urbaez Marilín F. , Heath Annemarie 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThere are multiple challenges in adhering to the principles of community‐based participatory research (CBPR), especially when there is a wide range of academic preparation within the research team. This is particularly evident in the analysis phase of qualitative research. We describe the process of conducting qualitative analysis of data on community perceptions of public maternity care in the Dominican Republic, in a cross‐cultural, CBPR study. Analysis advanced through a process of experiential and conversational learning. Community involvement in analysis provided lay researchers an imperative for improvements in maternity care, nurses a new perspective about humanized care, and academic researchers a deeper understanding of how to create the conditions to enable conversational learning. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:550–559, 2012
Density Functional Study of Tetraphenylporphyrin Long‐Range Exciton Coupling
Authors: Moore Barry , Autschbach Jochen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe performance of time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) for calculations of long‐range exciton circular dichroism (CD) is investigated. Tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) is used as a representative of a class of strongly absorbing chromophores for which exciton CD with chromophore separations of 50 Å and even beyond has been observed experimentally. A dimer model for TPP is set up to reproduce long‐range exciton CD previously observed for a brevetoxin derivative. The calculated CD intensity is consistent with TPP separations of over 40 Å. It is found that a hybrid functional with fully long‐range corrected range‐separated exchange performs best for full TDDFT calculations of the dimer. The range‐separation parameter is optimally tuned for TPP, resulting in a good quality TPP absorption spectrum and small DFT delocalization error (measured by the curvature of the energy calculated as a function of fractional electron numbers). Calculated TDDFT data for the absorption spectra of TPP are also used as input for a ‘matrix method’ (MM) model of the exciton CD. For long‐range exciton CD, comparison of MM spectra with full TDDFT CD spectra for the dimer shows that the matrix method is capable of producing very accurate results. A MM spectrum obtained from TPP absorption data calculated with the nonhybrid Becke88–Perdew86 (BP) functional is shown to match the experimental brevetoxin spectrum ‘best’, but for the wrong reasons.