bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Promotes Erythrocyte Antioxidant Defense and Reduces Protein Nitrosative Damage in Male Athletes
Authors: Martorell M. , Capó X. , Bibiloni Mdel M. , Sureda A. , Mestre‐Alfaro A. , Batle J. M. , Llompart I. , Tur J. A. , Pons A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of long‐term docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) dietary supplementation on the erythrocyte fatty acid profile and oxidative balance in soccer players after training and acute exercise. Fifteen volunteer male athletes (age 20.0 ± 0.5 years) were randomly assigned to a placebo group that consumed an almond‐based beverage (n = 6), or to an experimental group that consumed the same beverage enriched with DHA (n = 9) for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken in resting conditions at the beginning and after 8 weeks of nutritional intervention and training in resting and in post‐exercise conditions. Oxidative damage markers (malonyldialdehyde, carbonyl and nitrotyrosine indexes) and the activity and protein level of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and peroxidase) were assessed. The results showed that training increased antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes. The experimental beverage increased DHA from 34.0 ± 3.6 to 43.0 ± 3.6 nmol/109 erythrocytes. DHA supplementation increased the catalytic activity of superoxide dismutase from 1.48 ± 0.40 to 10.5 ± 0.35 pkat/109 erythrocytes, and brought about a reduction in peroxidative damage induced by training or exercise. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with DHA changed the erythrocyte membrane composition, provided antioxidant defense and reduced protein peroxidative damage in the red blood cells of professional athletes after an 8‐week training season and acute exercise.
Novel Long‐Chain Diol Phospholipids from Some Bacteria Belonging to the Class Thermomicrobia
Authors: Lagutin Kirill , MacKenzie Andrew , Houghton Karen M. , Stott Matthew B. , Vyssotski Mikhail 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPolar lipids of bacteria from the class Thermomicrobia are known to contain long‐chain 1,2‐diols instead of glycerol, although the nature of polar head groups has not been investigated. We have studied phospholipid classes of two species from the class Thermomicrobia—Sphaerobacter thermophilus and Thermomicrobia sp. WKT50.2. TLC and 31P‐NMR analysis of polar lipids revealed that both S. thermophilus and Thermomicrobia sp. WKT50.2 contain the same set of four major phospholipid classes. Structures of the novel phospholipids in S.thermophilus were established as 2‐acylalkyldiol‐1‐O‐phosphoinositol, 2‐acylalkyldiol‐1‐O‐phosphoinositol mannoside, 2‐acylalkyldiol‐1‐O‐phospho‐acylmannoside, and 2‐acylalkyldiol‐1‐O‐phosphoinositol acylmannoside. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a phospholipid with a mannose directly bound to the phosphate. We also analyzed fatty acids and long‐chain 1,2‐diols of S. thermophilus and Thermomicrobia sp. WKT50.2 and compared our data with available information for T. roseum. All species share a similar set of fatty acids, with 12‐Me 18:0 being the major fatty acid. The major diol in S. thermophilus was identified as 13‐Me 19:0 (66.2 %). The 21:0 diol was the major component both in Thermomicrobia sp. WKT50.2 (50.6 %) and in T. roseum (56.6 %).
A VEP study in sleeping and awake one‐month‐old infants and its relation with social behavior
Authors: Cruz Sara , Crego Alberto , Ribeiro Eugénia , Gonçalves Óscar , Sampaio Adriana 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWith the present study we aimed to analyze the relationship between infants' behavior and their visual evoked‐potential (VEPs) response. Specifically, we want to verify differences regarding the VEP response in sleeping and awake infants and if an association between VEP components, in both groups, with neurobehavioral outcome could be identified. To do so, thirty‐two full‐term and healthy infants, approximately 1‐month of age, were assessed through a VEP unpatterned flashlight stimuli paradigm, offered in two different intensities, and were assessed using a neurobehavioral scale. However, only 18 infants have both assessments, and therefore, these is the total included in both analysis. Infants displayed a mature neurobehavioral outcome, expected for their age. We observed that P2 and N3 components were present in both sleeping and awake infants. Differences between intensities were found regarding the P2 amplitude, but only in awake infants. Regression analysis showed that N3 amplitude predicted an adequate social interactive and internal regulatory behavior in infants who were awake during the stimuli presentation. Taking into account that social orientation and regulatory behaviors are fundamental keys for social‐like behavior in 1‐month‐old infants, this study provides an important approach for assessing physiological biomarkers (VEPs) and its relation with social behavior, very early in postnatal development. Moreover, we evidence the importance of the infant's state when studying differences regarding visual threshold processing and its association with behavioral outcome.
Effect on micronucleus frequency and DNA damage in buccal epithelial cells of various factors among pan masala and gutkha chewers
Authors: Jyoti Smita , Siddique Yasir Hasan , Khan Saif , Naz Falaq , Rahul  , Ali Fahad 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjective: Gutkha and pan masala addiction among humans of different occupations is very common. The increase in the occurrence of oral cancer has raised a serious concern regarding the nature of these chewables.Study design: In the present study, the effect of pan masala and gutkha was studied on micronucleus frequency and comet tail length in the buccal epithelial cells taking into consideration the duration of keeping the chewables (gutkha and pan masala) in mouth, duration of addiction, and the number of pouches of the chewables (gutkha and pan masala) consumed per day.Results: The results of the present study reveal that the micronucleus frequency and comet tail length in buccal epithelial cells are higher in gutkha users as compared to pan masala users and also to controls.Conclusion: The micronucleus frequency and comet tail length also depend on the duration of chewables kept in mouth, duration of addiction and the number of pouches consumed per day.
Surging and plunging oscillations of an airfoil at low Reynolds number
Authors: Choi Jeesoon , Colonius Tim , Williams David R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe investigate the forces and unsteady flow structures associated with harmonic oscillations of an airfoil in the streamwise (surging) and transverse (plunging) directions in two-dimensional simulations at low Reynolds number. For the surging case, we show that there are specific frequencies where the wake instability synchronizes with the unsteady motion of the airfoil, leading to significant changes in the mean forces. Resonant behaviour of the time-averaged forces is observed near the vortex shedding frequency and its subharmonic; the behaviour is reminiscent of the dynamics of the generic nonlinear oscillator known as the Arnol’d tongue or the resonance horn. Below the wake instability frequency, there are two regimes where the fluctuating forces are amplified and attenuated, respectively. A detailed study of the flow structures associated with leading-edge vortex (LEV) growth and detachment are used to relate this behaviour with the LEV acting either in phase with the quasi-steady component of the forces for the amplification case, or out of phase for the attenuation case. Comparisons with wind tunnel measurements show that phenomenologically similar dynamics occur at higher Reynolds number. Finally, we show that qualitatively similar phenomena occur during both surging and plunging.
(ANTI)COMMUTATIVE ALGEBRAS WITH A MULTIPLICATIVE BASIS
Authors: CALDERÓN MARTÍN ANTONIO J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA basis ${\mathcal{B}}=\{u_{i}\}_{i\in I}$ of a commutative or anticommutative algebra $\mathfrak{C},$ over an arbitrary base field $\mathbb{F}$, is called multiplicative if for any $i,j\in I$ we have that $u_{i}u_{j}\in \mathbb{F}u_{k}$ for some $k\in I$. We show that if a commutative or anticommutative algebra $\mathfrak{C}$ admits a multiplicative basis then it decomposes as the direct sum $\mathfrak{C}=\bigoplus _{j}\mathfrak{i}_{j}$ of well-described ideals each one of which admits a multiplicative basis. Also the minimality of $\mathfrak{C}$ is characterised in terms of the multiplicative basis and it is shown that, under a mild condition, the above direct sum is indexed by the family of its minimal ideals admitting a multiplicative basis.
Tumour necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome
Authors: Jiang H , Cao H , Wang P , Liu W , Cao F , Chen J 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjective:To explore the significance of the tumour necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio and the effect of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with different degrees of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome severity.Method:This study comprised 135 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome and 94 control subjects.Results:Tumour necrosis factor-α and tumour necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio values were significantly higher in the obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome group than in the control group, but interleukin-10 was significantly lower. Tumour necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio values increased in line with the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome. In multivariate analysis, the tumour necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio correlated positively with the apnoea–hypopnoea index and all indices of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome, except for age, body mass index and neck circumference. After one month of continuous positive airway pressure therapy, levels of tumour necrosis factor-α decreased; interleukin-10 showed no change.Conclusion:The results suggest that inflammation is activated and anti-inflammatory cytokines are decreased in obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome patients. Tumour necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio may prove useful for severity monitoring and management of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome patients, and may reduce the need for polysomnography.
Emergency Resuscitation of Patients Enrolled in the US Diaspirin Cross-linked Hemoglobin (DCLHb) Clinical Efficacy Trial
Authors: Sloan Edward P. , Koenigsberg Max , Weir W. Brad , Clark James M. , O'Connor Robert , Olinger Michael , Cydulka Rita 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIntroductionOptimal emergent management of traumatic hemorrhagic shock patients requires a better understanding of treatment provided in the prehospital/Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and emergency department (ED) settings.Hypothesis/ProblemDescribed in this research are the initial clinical status, airway management, fluid and blood infusions, and time course of severely-injured hemorrhagic shock patients in the EMS and ED settings from the diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) clinical trial.MethodsData were analyzed from 17 US trauma centers gathered during a randomized, controlled, single-blinded efficacy trial of a hemoglobin solution (DCLHb) as add-on therapy versus standard therapy.ResultsAmong the 98 randomized patients, the mean EMS Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 10.6 (SD = 5.0), the mean EMS revised trauma score (RTS) was 6.3 (SD = 1.9), and the mean injury severity score (ISS) was 31 (SD = 17). Upon arrival to the ED, the GCS was 20% lower (7.8 (SD = 5.3) vs 9.7 (SD = 6.3)) and the RTS was 12% lower (5.3 (SD = 2.0) vs 6.0 (SD = 2.1)) than EMS values in blunt trauma patients (P< .001). By ED disposition, 80% of patients (78/98) were intubated. Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) was utilized in 77% (60/78), most often utilizing succinylcholine (65%) and midazolam (50%). The mean crystalloid volume infused was 4.2 L (SD = 3.4 L), 80% of which was infused within the ED. Emergency department blood transfusion occurred in 62% of patients, with an average transfused volume of 1.2 L (SD = 2.0 L). Blunt trauma patients received 2.1 times more total fluids (7.4 L vs 3.5 L, < .001) and 2.4 times more blood (2.4 L vs 1.0 L,P< .001). The mean time of patients taken from injury site to operating room (OR) was 113 minutes (SD = 87 minutes). Twenty-one (30%) of the 70 patients taken to the OR from the ED were sent within 60 minutes of the estimated injury time. Penetrating trauma patients were taken to the OR 52% sooner than blunt trauma patients (72 minutes vs 149 minutes,P< .001).ConclusionBoth GCS and RTS decreased prior to ED arrival in blunt trauma patients. Intubation was performed using RSI, and crystalloid infusion of three times the estimated blood loss volume (L) and blood transfusion of the estimated blood loss volume (L) were provided in the EMS and ED settings. Surgical intervention for these trauma patients most often occurred more than one hour from the time of injury. Penetrating trauma patients received surgical intervention more rapidly than those with a blunt trauma mechanism.SloanEP,KoenigsbergM,WeirWB,ClarkJM,O'ConnorR,OlingerM,CydulkaR.Emergency resuscitation of patients enrolled in the US diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) clinical efficacy trial.Prehosp Disaster Med.2015;30(1):1-8.
ADVENTURES IN INVARIANT THEORY
Authors: JARVIS P. D. , SUMNER J. G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe provide an introduction to enumerating and constructing invariants of group representations via character methods. The problem is contextualized via two case studies, arising from our recent work: entanglement invariants for characterizing the structure of state spaces for composite quantum systems; and Markov invariants, a robust alternative to parameter-estimation intensive methods of statistical inference in molecular phylogenetics.
The monster we don't see: subclinical BRD in beef cattle
Authors: Griffin Dee 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most expensive disease affecting United States cattle. Recently weaned calves are the focus of prevention and treatment research. Identifying affected cattle early in the course of BRD is difficult. Intervention during the early stages of BRD improves treatment outcomes; however, cattle as prey animals are excellent at hiding signs of disease, especially if the caregiver has not gained their trust. Depression, appetite loss, and changes in respiratory character are the principal signs used to identify BRD. Rectal temperatures from cattle pulled for treatment are a final measure of evaluation. Cattle suffering from subclinical BRD frequently escape identification and treatment. Observations of lungs at packing plants for anterior ventral (AV) lesions frequently document higher BRD incidence rates than observed pre-harvest, suggesting subclinical BRD is common. Data from numerous studies document lower average daily gains (ADG) from cattle with AV lung lesions at packing plants that were not treated for BRD compared with cattle with normal lungs. Scoring lung lesions at the packing plant can be a useful tool for gaining insight into BRD incidence. Data indicate that BRD lowers ADG by 0.2 lbs on average, and lowers the USDA Quality Grade by 50 marbling points.
Arteries are formed by vein-derived endothelial tip cells
Authors: Xu Cong , Hasan Sana S. , Schmidt Inga , Rocha Susana F. , Pitulescu Mara E. , Bussmann Jeroen , Meyen Dana , Raz Erez , Adams Ralf H. , Siekmann Arndt F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTissue vascularization entails the formation of a blood vessel plexus, which remodels into arteries and veins. Here we show, by using time-lapse imaging of zebrafish fin regeneration and genetic lineage tracing of endothelial cells in the mouse retina, that vein-derived endothelial tip cells contribute to emerging arteries. Our movies uncover that arterial-fated tip cells change migration direction and migrate backwards within the expanding vascular plexus. This behaviour critically depends on chemokine receptor cxcr4a function. We show that the relevant Cxcr4a ligand Cxcl12a selectively accumulates in newly forming bone tissue even when ubiquitously overexpressed, pointing towards a tissue-intrinsic mode of chemokine gradient formation. Furthermore, we find that cxcr4a mutant cells can contribute to developing arteries when in association with wild-type cells, suggesting collective migration of endothelial cells. Together, our findings reveal specific cell migratory behaviours in the developing blood vessel plexus and uncover a conserved mode of artery formation.
The regulatory role of Streptomyces coelicolor TamR in central metabolism
Authors: Huang Hao , Sivapragasam Smitha , Grove Anne 
Published: December 2014

Trans-aconitate methyltransferase regulator (TamR) is a member of the ligand-responsive multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family of transcription factors. In Streptomyces coelicolor, TamR regulates transcription of tamR (encoding TamR), tam (encoding trans-aconitate methyltransferase) and sacA (encoding aconitase); up-regulation of these genes promotes metabolic flux through the citric acid cycle. DNA binding by TamR is attenuated and transcriptional derepression is achieved on binding of ligands such as citrate and trans-aconitate to TamR. In the present study, we show that three additional genes are regulated by S. coelicolor TamR. Genes encoding malate synthase (aceB1; SCO6243), malate dehydrogenase (mdh; SCO4827) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh; SCO7000) are up-regulated in vivo when citrate and trans-aconitate accumulate, and TamR binds the corresponding gene promoters in vitro, a DNA binding that is attenuated by cognate ligands. Mutations to the TamR binding site attenuate DNA binding in vitro and result in constitutive promoter activity in vivo. The predicted TamR binding sites are highly conserved in the promoters of these genes in Streptomyces species that encode divergent tam–tamR gene pairs, suggesting evolutionary conservation. Like aconitase and trans-aconitate methyltransferase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate synthase are closely related to the citric acid cycle, either catalysing individual reaction steps or, in the case of malate synthase, participating in the glyoxylate cycle to produce malate that enters the citric acid cycle to replenish the intermediate pool. Taken together, our data suggest that TamR plays an important and conserved role in promoting metabolic flux through the citric acid cycle.
TARP γ-8 glycosylation regulates the surface expression of AMPA receptors
Authors: Zheng Chan-Ying , Chang Kai , Suh Young Ho , Roche Katherine W. 
Published: December 2014

TARP [transmembrane AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptor regulatory protein] γ-8 is an auxiliary subunit of AMPA receptors that is widely distributed in the hippocampus. It has been shown that TARP γ-8 promotes surface expression of AMPA receptors; however, how TARP γ-8 regulates the expression of AMPA receptors remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the effect of TARP glycosylation on AMPA receptor trafficking. We first showed that TARP γ-8 is an N-glycosylated protein, which contains two glycosylation sites, Asn53 and Asn56, and compared this with the glycosylation of TARP γ-2 and the AMPA receptor auxiliary protein CNIH-2 (cornichon homologue 2). We next examine the effect of TARP glycosylation on TARP trafficking and also on AMPA receptor surface expression. We find that TARP γ-8 glycosylation is critical for surface expression of both TARP γ-8 and GluA1 in heterologous cells and neurons. Specifically, knockdown of TARP γ-8 causes a decrease in both total and surface AMPA receptors. We find that the expression of unglycosylated TARP γ-8 in cultured neurons is unable to restore GluA1 expression fully. Furthermore, when the maturation of TARP γ-8 is impaired, a large pool of immature GluA1 is retained intracellularly. Taken together, our data reveal an important role for the maturation of TARP γ-8 in the trafficking and function of the AMPA receptor complex.
The function of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase γ (PI5P4Kγ) explored using a specific inhibitor that targets the PI5P-binding site
Authors: Clarke Jonathan H. , Giudici Maria-Luisa , Burke John E. , Williams Roger L. , Maloney David J. , Marugan Juan , Irvine Robin F. 
Published: December 2014

NIH-12848 (NCGC00012848-02), a putative phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase γ (PI5P4Kγ) inhibitor, was explored as a tool for investigating this enigmatic, low activity, lipid kinase. PI5P4K assays in vitro showed that NIH-12848 inhibited PI5P4Kγ with an IC50 of approximately 1 μM but did not inhibit the α and β PI5P4K isoforms at concentrations up to 100 μM. A lack of inhibition of PI5P4Kγ ATPase activity suggested that NIH-12848 does not interact with the enzyme's ATP-binding site and direct exploration of binding using hydrogen–deuterium exchange (HDX)-MS (HDX-MS) revealed the putative PI5P-binding site of PI5P4Kγ to be the likely region of interaction. This was confirmed by a series of mutation experiments which led to the identification of a single PI5P4Kγ amino acid residue that can be mutated to its PI5P4Ks α and β homologue to render PI5P4Kγ resistant NIH-12848 inhibition. NIH-12848 (10 μM) was applied to cultured mouse principal kidney cortical collecting duct (mpkCCD) cells which, we show, express PI5P4Kγ that increases when the cells grow to confluence and polarize. NIH-12848 inhibited the translocation of Na+/K+-ATPase to the plasma membrane that occurs when mpkCCD cells grow to confluence and also prevented reversibly their forming of ‘domes’ on the culture dish. Both these NIH-12848-induced effects were mimicked by specific RNAi knockdown of PI5P4Kγ, but not that of PI5P4Ks α or β. Overall, the data reveal a probable contribution of PI5P4Kγ to the development and maintenance of epithelial cell functional polarity and show that NIH-12848 is a potentially powerful tool for exploring the cell physiology of PI5P4Ks.
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases cleave isopeptide- and peptide-linked ubiquitin from structured proteins but do not edit ubiquitin homopolymers
Authors: Bett John S. , Ritorto Maria Stella , Ewan Richard , Jaffray Ellis G. , Virdee Satpal , Chin Jason W. , Knebel Axel , Kurz Thimo , Trost Matthias , Tatham Michael H. , Hay Ronald T. 
Published: December 2014

Modification of proteins with ubiquitin (Ub) occurs through a variety of topologically distinct Ub linkages, including Ube2W-mediated monoubiquitylation of N-terminal alpha amines to generate peptide-linked linear mono-Ub fusions. Protein ubiquitylation can be reversed by the action of deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), many of which show striking preference for particular Ub linkage types. Here, we have screened for DUBs that preferentially cleave N-terminal Ub from protein substrates but do not act on Ub homopolymers. We show that members of the Ub C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) family of DUBs demonstrate this preference for N-terminal deubiquitylating activity as they are capable of cleaving N-terminal Ub from SUMO2 and Ube2W, while displaying no activity against any of the eight Ub linkage types. Surprisingly, this ability to cleave Ub from SUMO2 was 100 times more efficient for UCH-L3 when we deleted the unstructured N-terminus of SUMO2, demonstrating that UCH enzymes can cleave Ub from structured proteins. However, UCH-L3 could also cleave chemically synthesized isopeptide-linked Ub from lysine 11 (K11) of SUMO2 with similar efficiency, demonstrating that UCH DUB activity is not limited to peptide-linked Ub. These findings advance our understanding of the specificity of the UCH family of DUBs, which are strongly implicated in cancer and neurodegeneration but whose substrate preference has remained unclear. In addition, our findings suggest that the reversal of Ube2W-mediated N-terminal ubiquitylation may be one physiological role of UCH DUBs in vivo.