bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling population growth and site specific control of the invasive Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) under differing fire regimes
Authors: Osunkoya Olusegun O. , Perrett Christine , Fernando Chandima , Clark Cameron , Raghu Sathyamurthy 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIt is at the population level that an invasion either fails or succeeds. Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) is a weed of great significance in Queensland Australia and globally but its whole life‐history ecology is poorly known. Here we used 3 years of field data across four land use types (farm, hoop pine plantation and two open eucalyptus forests, including one with a triennial fire regime) to parameterise the weed's vital rates and develop size‐structured matrix models. Lantanacamara in its re‐colonization phase, as observed in the recently cleared hoop pine plantation, was projected to increase more rapidly (annual growth rate, λ = 3.80) than at the other three sites (λ 1.88–2.71). Elasticity analyses indicated that growth contributed more (64.6 %) to λ than fecundity (18.5 %) or survival (15.5 %), while across size groups, the contribution was of the order: juvenile (19–27 %) ≥ seed (17–28 %) ≥ seedling (16–25 %) > small adult (4–26 %) ≥ medium adult (7–20 %) > large adult (0–20 %). From a control perspective it is difficult to determine a single weak point in the life cycle of lantana that might be exploited to reduce growth below a sustaining rate. The triennial fire regime applied did not alter the population elasticity structure nor resulted in local control of the weed. However, simulations showed that, except for the farm population, periodic burning could work within 4–10 years for control of the weed, but fire frequency should increase to at least once every 2 years. For the farm, site‐specific control may be achieved by 15 years if the biennial fire frequency is tempered with increased burning intensity.
The Ultrasonic Investigation of Phase Transition in Olive Oil up to 0.7 GPa
Authors: Rostocki A. J. , Tarakowski R. , Kiełczyński P. , Szalewski M. , Balcerzak A. , Ptasznik S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper presents measurements of sound velocity and attenuation in olive oil, with known chemical composition, as a function of pressure, within the range of pressure up to 0.7 GPa. Dependencies of sound velocity, relative ultrasonic wave attenuation, volume, and adiabatic compressibility on pressure show discontinuities. This proves the existence of the first order phase transition in olive oil (liquid to solid‐like phase transition). Rapid and large changes in relative attenuation testify to the existence of a phase transition in olive oil. Moreover, the kinetics of phase transition was also investigated. Measurement of acoustic wave velocity and relative attenuation in olive oil during the phase transition and in the high‐pressure phase is a novelty. The results obtained can be useful in the development of new methods in food (edible oils) control, processing, and preservation.
Multifractal formalism for Benedicks–Carleson quadratic maps
Authors: CHUNG YONG MOO , TAKAHASI HIROKI 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFor a positive measure set of non-uniformly expanding quadratic maps on the interval we effect a multifractal formalism, i.e., decompose the phase space into level sets of time averages of a given continuous function and consider the associated Birkhoff spectrum which encodes this decomposition. We derive a formula which relates the Hausdorff dimension of level sets to entropies and Lyapunov exponents of invariant probability measures, and then use this formula to show that the spectrum is continuous. In order to estimate the Hausdorff dimension from above, one has to ‘see’ sufficiently many points. To this end, we construct a family of towers. Using these towers we establish a large deviation principle of empirical distributions, with Lebesgue as a reference measure.
Oppegård kirke, Oppegård, Norway: fixing the location where Roald Amundsen revealed his ‘minor diversion’
Authors: Capelotti P.J. , Barr Susan 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAfter learning in the first week of September 1909 that the North Pole had been claimed, the career and prospects of the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen hung in the balance. Scheduled to lead an exploration of the north polar basin, Amundsen suddenly found himself without adequate funding or a clear objective. His self-described ‘coup’ to turn southwards and reach for the South Pole was perhaps the most dramatic and best-kept secret in the history of polar exploration. Amundsen shared his decision only with a very select few, including his brother and manager, Leon Amundsen, a scene dramatised in the 1985 television mini-series The last place on earth. The location used in the film is identified at the unusual grave markers of the Ingier family outside Oppegård kirke in Oppegård, Norway, about five km from the site of Amundsen's home on Bunnefjorden, a branch of Oslofjord.
Using biodiversity to link agricultural productivity with environmental quality: Results from three field experiments in Iowa
Authors: Liebman Matt , Helmers Matthew J. , Schulte Lisa A. , Chase Craig A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAgriculture in the US Corn Belt is under increasing pressure to produce greater quantities of food, feed and fuel, while better protecting environmental quality. Key environmental problems in this region include water contamination by nutrients and herbicides emitted from cropland, a lack of non-agricultural habitat to support diverse communities of native plants and animals, and a high level of dependence on petrochemical energy in the dominant cropping systems. In addition, projected changes in climate for this region, which include increases in the proportion of precipitation coming from extreme events could make soil and water conservation in existing cropping systems more difficult. To address these challenges we have conducted three cropping systems projects in central Iowa: the Marsden Farm Cropping Systems experiment, the Science-based Trials of Row-crops Integrated with Prairies (STRIPs) experiment, and the Comparison of Biofuel Systems (COBS) experiment. Results from these experiments indicate that (1) diversification of the dominant corn–soybean rotation with small grains and forage legumes can permit substantial reductions in agrichemical and fossil hydrocarbon use without compromising yields or profitability; (2) conversion of small amounts of cropland to prairie buffer strips can provide disproportionately large improvements in soil and water conservation, nutrient retention, and densities of native plants and birds; and (3) native perennial species can generate large amounts of biofuel feedstocks and offer environmental benefits relative to corn- and soybean-based systems, including greater carbon inputs to soil and large reductions in nitrogen emissions to drainage water. Increasing biodiversity through the strategic integration of perennial plant species can be a viable strategy for reducing reliance on purchased inputs and for increasing agroecosystem health and resilience in the US Corn Belt.
Diversification and ecosystem services for conservation agriculture: Outcomes from pastures and integrated crop–livestock systems
Authors: Sanderson Matt A. , Archer David , Hendrickson John , Kronberg Scott , Liebig Mark , Nichols Kris , Schmer Marty , Tanaka Don , Aguilar Jonathan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractConservation agricultural systems rely on three principles to enhance ecosystem services: (1) minimizing soil disturbance, (2) maximizing soil surface cover and (3) stimulating biological activity. In this paper, we explore the concept of diversity and its role in maximizing ecosystem services from managed grasslands and integrated agricultural systems (i.e., integrated crop–livestock–forage systems) at the field and farm level. We also examine trade-offs that may be involved in realizing greater ecosystem services. Previous research on livestock production systems, particularly in pastureland, has shown improvements in herbage productivity and reduced weed invasion with increased forage diversity but little response in terms of animal production. Managing forage diversity in pastureland requires new tools to guide the selection and placement of plant mixtures across a farm according to site suitability and the goals of the producer. Integrated agricultural systems embrace the concept of dynamic cropping systems, which incorporates a long-term strategy of annual crop sequencing that optimizes crop and soil use options to attain production, economic and resource conservation goals by using sound ecological management principles. Integrating dynamic cropping systems with livestock production increases the complexity of management, but also creates synergies among system components that may improve resilience and sustainability while fulfilling multiple ecosystem functions. Diversified conservation agricultural systems can sustain crop and livestock production and provide additional ecosystem services such as soil C storage, efficient nutrient cycling and conservation of biodiversity.
Coherent tunnelling across a quantum point contact in the quantum Hall regime
Authors: Martins F. , Faniel S. , Rosenow B. , Sellier H. , Huant S. , Pala M. G. , Desplanque L. , Wallart X. , Bayot V. , Hackens B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe unique properties of quantum hall devices arise from the ideal one-dimensional edge states that form in a two-dimensional electron system at high magnetic field. Tunnelling between edge states across a quantum point contact (QPC) has already revealed rich physics, like fractionally charged excitations, or chiral Luttinger liquid. Thanks to scanning gate microscopy, we show that a single QPC can turn into an interferometer for specific potential landscapes. Spectroscopy, magnetic field and temperature dependences of electron transport reveal a quantitatively consistent interferometric behavior of the studied QPC. To explain this unexpected behavior, we put forward a new model which relies on the presence of a quantum Hall island at the centre of the constriction as well as on different tunnelling paths surrounding the island, thereby creating a new type of interferometer. This work sets the ground for new device concepts based on coherent tunnelling.
MgSO4·11H2O and MgCrO4·11H2O based on time-of-flight neutron single-crystal Laue data
Authors: Fortes A. Dominic , Wood Ian G. , Gutmann Matthias J. 
Published: March 2013

Hexaaquamagnesium(II) sulfate pentahydrate, [Mg(H2O)6]SO4·5H2O, and hexaaquamagnesium(II) chromate(II) pentahydrate, [Mg(H2O)6][CrO4]·5H2O, are isomorphous, being composed of hexaaquamagnesium(II) octahedra, [Mg(H2O)6]2+, and sulfate (chromate) tetrahedral oxyanions, SO42−(CrO42−), linked by hydrogen bonds. There are two symmetry-inequivalent centrosymmetric octahedra:M1 at (0, 0, 0) donates hydrogen bonds directly to the tetrahedral oxyanion,T1, at (0.405, 0.320, 0.201), whereas theM2 octahedron at (0, 0, {1 \over 2}) is linked to the oxyanionviafive interstitial water molecules. Substitution of CrVIfor SVIleads to a substantial expansion ofT1, since the Cr—O bond is approximately 12% longer than the S—O bond. This expansion is propagated through the hydrogen-bonded framework to produce a 3.3% increase in unit-cell volume; the greatest part of this chemically induced strain is manifested along theb* direction. The hydrogen bonds in the chromate compound mitigate ∼20% of the expected strain due to the larger oxyanion, becoming shorter (i.e.stronger) and more linear than in the sulfate analogue. The bifurcated hydrogen bond donated by one of the interstitial water molecules is significantly more symmetrical in the chromate analogue.
What is the evidence for chronic concussion-related changes in retired athletes: behavioural, pathological and clinical outcomes?
Authors: McCrory Paul , Meeuwisse Willem H , Kutcher Jeffrey S , Jordan Barry D , Gardner Andrew 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper was to review the current state of evidence for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in retired athletes and to consider the potential differential diagnoses that require consideration when retired athletes present with cognitive and psychiatric problems.Data sourcesMEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Mosby's Index, PsycEXTRA, PsycINFO and Scopus. Key words included CTE, dementia pugilistica, punch drunk syndrome, traumatic encephalopathy, CTE, repetitive head injury, sports concussion, multiple concussions, chronic concussions, subconcussive blow and sports-related traumatic brain injury.ResultsAt present, there are no published epidemiological, cross-sectional or prospective studies relating to modern CTE. Owing to the nature of the published studies, being case reports or pathological case series, it is not possible to determine the causality or risk factors with any certainty. As such, the speculation that repeated concussion or subconcussive impacts cause CTE remains unproven. The extent to which age-related changes, psychiatric or mental health illness, alcohol/drug use or coexisting dementing illnesses contribute to this process is largely unaccounted for in the published literature.ConclusionsAt present, the interpretation of causation in the modern CTE case studies should proceed cautiously. The causal assumptions require further prospective or longitudinal studies on the topic.
Hormonal Risk Factors for Breast Cancer and DNA Methylation
Authors: H Nichols , D Sandler , L DeRoo , Z Xu , J Taylor 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Epigenetic modifications influence gene expression and have been implicated in the development of breast cancer. Few studies have evaluated breast cancer risk factors in relation to DNA methylation. We examined known reproductive and hormonal risk factors for breast cancer and epigenome-wide methylation patterns. Participants included 612 women enrolled in the Sister Study prospective cohort who did not have breast cancer. DNA methylation profiling was performed using an Illumina array at the NIH Center for Inherited Disease (CIDR) on DNA extracted from whole blood. Methylation data was obtained at single CpG site resolution for 27,578 CpG sites covering &gt;14,000 genes across 23 chromosomes. Statistical analyses were performed using normalized methylation residuals from a linear model adjusting for age and experimental variables. Controlling for a false discovery rate of 5% (q &lt; 0.05), 1,452 methylation sites (1,220 in CpG islands) were differentially methylated in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. Average methylation was increased at 1,040 sites and decreased at 412 sites. Gene ontology (GO) analysis suggested enrichment of several biological pathways including lobular involution. Among parous women, only 2 sites (1 CpG island) were differentially methylated among women with older versus younger ages at first birth. A single CpG site demonstrated lower average methylation values among long-term users of postmenopausal hormones compared to short-term users. No further statistically significant differences in methylation patterns (q &lt; 0.05) were observed according to age at menarche, parity, breastfeeding history, or postmenopausal hormone use. These data support the menopausal transition as an influential period for epigenetic modifications; few associations between DNA methylation and other classical reproductive and hormonal breast cancer risk factors were observed.
A Prospective Study of Circulating Adipokine Levels and Risk of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: J Hofmann , L Liao , M Pollak , Y Wang , R Pfeiffer , D Baris , G Andreotti , Q Lan , O Landgren , N Rothman , M Purdue 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of multiple myeloma (MM), although the biologic mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. We conducted a nested case-control study in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial to evaluate the hypothesis that altered circulating levels of adipokines, polypeptide hormones with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties secreted by adipose tissue, may partly explain the association between obesity and MM. Methods: We investigated whether circulating levels of leptin, total adiponectin, and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin are associated with MM among 174 cases and 348 controls in PLCO. Two controls were matched to each case on age at baseline, sex, race, date of phlebotomy, time of day of phlebotomy, and study year of specimen collection. Plasma adipokine concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; overall coefficients of variation were ≤8.5%. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Results: Inverse associations with MM were observed for total adiponectin (highest quartile vs. lowest: OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.26–0.93, P-trend = 0.03) and HMW adiponectin (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.23–0.85, P-trend = 0.01). These associations remained after adjusting for body mass index (BMI), stratifying by sex, and restricting to cases diagnosed approximately eight years or more after blood collection. We observed a modest association between BMI and MM (OR per 5 kg/m2 increase = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.94–1.39), which was attenuated by approximately 40% after adjusting for adiponectin. Leptin levels were not associated with MM. Conclusions: These results suggest that higher circulating levels of adiponectin are protective against MM, and that adiponectin may play an important role in obesity-related myelomagenesis. This study is, to our knowledge, the first prospective investigation of circulating adipokines and MM. Our findings are particularly intriguing in light of recent evidence that host-derived adiponectin is tumor-suppressive and a potential novel therapeutic target for MM and associated bone disease.
Aspirin and Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality by CTNNB1 Expression: A Molecular Pathological Epidemiology (MPE) Study
Authors: R Sun , R Nishihara , ZR Qian , AT Chan , S Ogino 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Experimental studies showed that aspirin down-regulates the WNT/CTNNB1 (β-catenin) signaling pathway in colon cancer cells. We investigated whether aspirin use was associated with lower incidence and superior survival in nuclear CTNNB1-positive colorectal cancer. Methods: In two large prospective studies (the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study), we collected the information on aspirin use every 2 years from 1980 through 2008. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to compute the multivariate hazard ratio for incidence and mortality according to tumor CTNNB1 expression patterns. Results: During 28 years and 3,166,091 person-years of follow-up, we documented 931 incident cases of colorectal cancer with available CTNNB1 expression data. Regular aspirin use was associated with a significantly lower risk of CTNNB1-positive cancer (multivariate HR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53–0.80), but not with the risk of CTNNB1-negative cancer (multivariate HR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.70–1.01). A formal test of heterogeneity of the association according to CTNNB1 expression status did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.07). Regular aspirin use after diagnosis of colorectal cancer was associated with better colorectal cancer-specific survival among CTNNB1-positive tumor patients (multivariate HR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.30–0.95). In contrast, among CTNNB1-negative tumor patients, post-diagnosis regular aspirin use was not associated with colorectal cancer-specific survival (multivariate HR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.62–1.83) (P = 0.04 for interaction test between aspirin use and CTNNB1 status). Conclusions: Regular aspirin use was associated with lower incidence of nuclear CTNNB1-positive cancer, and better survival among patients with nuclear CTNNB1-positive cancer. Our molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) study revealed the anti-tumor mechanism of aspirin, which might prevent cancer incidence and mortality by inhibiting tumor initiation and/or progression in the WNT/CTNNB1-related carcinogenesis pathway.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Knowledge and Uptake among Adolescent Boys and Girls in an Appalachian Ohio County
Authors: MP Bhatta , L Phillips , S Frew , J Burns , N Cascarelli 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Background: Population-based studies of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake among both adolescent boys and girls are limited. The purpose of this study was to examine middle and high school student knowledge and behaviors surrounding the HPV vaccine in a rural Appalachian Ohio county. Methods: Five questions regarding the HPV vaccine were added to 2012 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) administered in an Ohio Appalachian county. The participants were asked whether or not they had heard of the HPV vaccine; been given the vaccine and, if yes, the number of shots received; and whether their health care provider and/or their parents had discussed the vaccine with them. The voluntary and anonymous survey was completed by a total of 1,300 adolescent boys and girls. Results: Of the 596 and 704 high school students who completed the survey, 51.9% were male and 48.1% were female, and 95% were white. Regarding whether they had ever heard of the HPV vaccine, 49.1%, 29.6%, 21.2% respectively reported ‘yes’, ‘no’, and ‘don't know/not sure’. Girls were more likely to report having heard of the HPV vaccine than boys (56.7% vs. 42.19%; p &lt; 0.001). In all, 19.5% and 24.5% of the participants indicated having their parents and a health care provider respectively having discussed the HPV vaccine with them. Girls were two times as likely to report having a parent discuss the HPV vaccine with them than boys (P &lt; 0.01). They were also almost three times as likely than boys to report a health care provider having discussed the vaccine with them (p &lt; 0.01). Overall, 11.4% boys and 21.3% girls reported having received at least one dose of the vaccine (p &lt; 0.001). The HPV uptake rates among middle and high school boys and girls respectively were 9.2%, 13.2%, 14.4%, and 27.4%. Conclusion: The HPV vaccine knowledge, as well as parental and health care provider communication regarding the HPV vaccine, particularly with the boys, remains low among these rural Appalachian adolescents. The role of these two factors on the HPV vaccine uptake among this adolescent population needs to be further explored.