bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Push-Out Bond Strength Evaluation of Glass Fiber Posts With Different Resin Cements and Application Techniques
Authors: Durski MT , Metz MJ , Thompson JY , Mascarenhas AK , Crim GA , Vieira S , Mazur RF 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the push-out strength of two different adhesive cements (total etch and self-adhesive) for glass fiber post (GFP) cementation using two different techniques (microbrush and elongation tip) of cement application. In addition, this study evaluated the effect of total-etch conditioning before the use of a self-adhesive cement. Sixty premolar specimens with a single root canal were selected, endodontically treated, and shaped for GFP cementation. The specimens were randomly placed into one of six groups according to the cement and technique used: RelyX ARC (ARC): ARC + microbrush, ARC + elongation tip; RelyX Unicem (RU): RU + microbrush, RU + elongation tip; or RelyX Unicem + 37% phosphoric acid (RUE): RUE + microbrush, RUE + elongation tip. Each specimen root was cut perpendicular to the vertical axis yielding six 1.0-mm-thick sections. Push-out strength test was performed, followed by statistical analysis using three-way analysis of variance and the Games-Howell test (p&lt;0.05). Statistically significant differences between the groups were found (p&lt; 0.05). The cervical third of the roots had the highest mean push-out strength values, while the apical third had the lowest mean values regardless of the technique used. The elongation technique produced higher mean push-out strength values compared to the microbrush technique. The self-etch adhesive cement had the highest mean push-out strength value in all thirds. The addition of a conditioning step before the self-etch adhesive cementation appears to be effective in enhancing push-out strength with GFPs.
Transfusion practices for treatment of dogs hospitalized following trauma: 125 cases (2008–2013)
Authors: Lynch Alex M. , O'Toole Therese E. , Respess Meghan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Objective—To describe transfusion practices for treatment of dogs hospitalized because of traumatic injuries.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—125 client-owned dogs.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs that sustained trauma and were hospitalized for ≥ 24 hours after emergency stabilization were reviewed. Admission characteristics and transfusion-specific data were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to evaluate diagnostic utility of PCV and serum total solids concentration as predictors of transfusion in the study population.
Results—45 of 125 (36%) dogs received transfusions. Packed RBCs were the most commonly administered blood product (42/45 [93%]). Common reasons for transfusion included perioperative hemodynamic support and treatment of shock or worsening anemia. Dogs that underwent transfusion had higher mean heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and animal trauma triage scores, with lower mean PCV, serum total solids concentration, and rectal temperature at admission than dogs that did not undergo transfusion. Total solids concentration and PCV at admission were specific but insensitive predictors of subsequent transfusion. Most (109/125 [87%]) dogs survived to hospital discharge. Significantly fewer dogs that had transfusions survived, compared with dogs that did not have transfusions. Seven of 10 dogs that received massive transfusions survived to discharge.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Apparent clinical triggers for the decision to perform blood transfusion in dogs hospitalized following traumatic injury included evidence of shock or worsening anemia on admission and requirement for perioperative hemodynamic optimization. Although dogs that received transfusions had a lower survival rate than dogs that did not, this was likely attributable to greater severity of injuries in the transfusion group.
Diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis in client-owned chelonians: 40 cases (1987–2012)
Authors: Keller Krista A. , Hawkins Michelle G. , Weber E. P. Scott , Ruby Annette L. , Guzman David Sanchez-Migallon , Westropp Jodi L. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Objective—To calculate the prevalence of urolithiasis in client-owned chelonians examined at a veterinary teaching hospital and to describe the clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of urolithiasis in chelonians.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—40 client-owned turtles and tortoises with urolithiasis.
Procedures—The medical record database of a veterinary teaching hospital was searched from 1987 through 2012 for records of client-owned chelonians with urolithiasis. The prevalence of urolithiasis was calculated for client-owned chelonians examined at the hospital. Signalment and physical examination, hematologic, biochemical, urinalysis, diagnostic imaging, treatment, and necropsy results were described.
Results—The mean prevalence of urolithiasis in client-owned chelonians for the study period was 5.1 cases/100 client-owned chelonians examined. Thirty-one of the 40 chelonians were desert tortoises. Only 5 of 40 chelonians had physical examination abnormalities associated with the urogenital tract. Surgery was performed on 17 chelonians; 5 developed postoperative complications, and 4 of those died. Necropsy was performed on 18 chelonians, and urolithiasis contributed to the decision to euthanize or was the cause of death for 9. Uroliths from 13 chelonians were analyzed, and all were composed of 100% urate.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated chelonians with urolithiasis have various clinical signs and physical examination findings that may or may not be associated with the urinary tract. Hematologic, biochemical, and urinalysis findings were nonspecific for diagnosis of urolithiasis. Many chelonians died or were euthanized as a consequence of urolithiasis, which suggested the disease should be identified early and appropriately treated.
Downregulation of Tryptophan-related Metabolomic Profile in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fluid
Authors: Kang Kwi Young , Lee Soo Hyun , Jung Seung Min , Park Sung-Hwan , Jung Byung-Hwa , Ju Ji Hyeon 
Published: September 2015

Objective.Synovial fluid (SF) is one of the most important materials that reflect the pathophysiological process of arthritis. A metabolomic and lipidomic study of SF was performed with the aim of identifying tentative diagnostic markers or therapeutic candidates for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.SF was aspirated from 10 patients with RA and 10 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). RA SF and OA SF were collected and analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Associations among clinical variables, laboratory results, and metabolic profiles were investigated.Results.The metabolic pathways for carnitine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, arachidonic acid, and glycophospholipid were significantly upregulated in OA SF. The metabolic pathways for taurine, cholesterol ester, and the β-oxidation of pristine acid, linolenic acid, and sphingolipid were activated more in RA SF than in OA SF. In particular, the tryptophan pathway, which comprises kynurenine, indoleacetic acid, indole acetaldehyde, and N′-formylkynurenine, was downregulated. Interestingly, the levels of tryptophan metabolites kynurenine and N′-formylkynurenine, which are involved in immune tolerance, were significantly lower in RA SF compared with OA SF (p < 0.05), but the opposite pattern was observed for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p < 0.01) and the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP; p < 0.01), rheumatoid factor (p < 0.01), and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (p < 0.05). Kynurenine concentration correlated inversely with CRP concentration in RA SF but not in OA SF (r −0.65, p < 0.05).Conclusion.Advances in metabolomic techniques enabled us to delineate distinctive metabolic and lipidomic profiles in RA SF and OA SF. RA SF and OA SF showed distinct metabolic profiles.
Strong Asymptotics of Hermite-Padé
Approximants for Angelesco Systems
Authors: Yattselev Maxim L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this work type II Hermite-Padé approximants for a vector of Cauchy transforms of smooth Jacobi-type densities are considered. It is assumed that densities are supported on mutually disjoint intervals (an Angelesco system with complex weights). The formulae of strong asymptotics are derived for any ray sequence of multi-indices.
Uncertainty Principles on Weighted Spheres, Balls, and Simplexes
Authors: Feng Han 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This paper studies the uncertainty principle for spherical h-harmonic expansions on the unit sphere of ℝ
d
associated with a weight function invariant under a general finite reflection group, which is in full analogy with the classical Heisenberg inequality. Our proof is motivated by a new decomposition of the Dunkl–Laplace–Beltrami operator on the weighted sphere.
Effect of Government Capital Expenditure on Manufacturing Sector Output in Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuel Falade Olanipekun , Oladiran Olagbaju Ifeolu 
Published: September 2015

<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">The study investigates the relationship between government expenditure and manufacturing sector output in Nigeria. Government expenditure is disaggregated into capital and recurrent with a view to analyse the relative effect of these categories of government expenditure with emphasis on the capital component. The study employed time series data from 1970 to 2013. Data on manufacturing sector output, capital and recurrent expenditure, nominal and real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), exchange rate and interest rate were collected from Statistical Bulletin and Annual Report and Statement of Accounts published by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Econometric evidence revealed stationarity of the variables of interest at their first difference while the Johansen cointegration approach also confirms the existence of one cointegrating relationship at 5 percent level of significance. In addition, error correction estimates revealed that while government capital expenditure has positive relationship with manufacturing sector output in Nigeria, recurrent expenditure exerts negative effect on manufacturing sector output. The results showed that one per cent increase in government capital expenditure resulted in an increase of 11.2 per cent in manufacturing sector output while recurrent expenditure decreases it by 26.9 per cent. This reveals that government capital expenditure has positive impact on manufacturing sector output. The study therefore suggests that larger percentage of government expenditure in the annual budget should be on capital component coupled with improved implementation of expenditure policies rather than recurrent expenditure which does not really have a significant impact on the manufacturing sector.</span></p>
Effects of Letrozole-HMG and Clomiphene-HMG on Incidence of Luteinized Unruptured Follicle Syndrome in Infertile Women Undergoing Induction Ovulation and Intrauterine Insemination: A Randomised Trial
Authors: Azmoodeh Azra , Pejman Manesh Mansoureh , Akbari Asbagh Firouzeh , Ghaseminejad Azizeh , Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab 
Published: September 2015

<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome is considered a cause of ovulation failure and a subtle cause of infertility. Preovulatory injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) prevents or treats LUF syndrome, but it has also occurred after the induction of ovulation with clomiphene/HMG and HCG. This study was designed for evaluation and comparison of LUF incidence in eligible infertile women undergoing two stimulation protocols (clomiphene + HMG<strong> </strong>and letrozole + HMG) in addition to intrauterine insemination (IUI). Some related factors were compared between LUF and non-LUF cycles as secondary outcomes.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong> The study was designed as a prospective randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized using a table of random numbers into two equal protocol groups.<strong> </strong>For group A, (n = 90) clomiphene citrate was administrated orally in doses of 100 mg/day, and group B (n = 90) orally received letrozole 5 mg/day from day 3 to 7 of the menstrual cycle. Then HMG 75IU/day was administered intramuscularly in both groups on day 8 of the menstrual cycle and the dose was adjusted on the basis of ovarian response. The optimum size of preovulatory follicles for the injection of HCG (10,000 IU) was considered 18–23 mm. The number and size of preovulatory follicles were assessed by vaginal ultrasound 12 h before HCG (D0). Endometrial thickness was measured as well. IUI was performed on all patients 38–40 h after HCG. The second ultrasound examination was performed to observe the evidence of oocyte releasing at the time of IUI (D1). If the follicles were unruptured,<strong> </strong>a<strong> </strong>third sonography was performed on day 7 after HCG (D7) to observe LUF syndrome.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>There was a significant difference between clomiphene-HMG and letrozole-HMG in LUF (p = 0.021) and pregnancy (p = 0.041). The complete LUF in letrozole-HMG was lower than the alternative group and the pregnancy rate was higher. The patients in the non-LUF group had higher midluteal progesterone and a thicker endometrium compared to LUF cycles (p = 0.039) and (p &lt; 0.001). The results of our multivariate logistic regression indicate that size 18–19.9 mm leads to the complete LUF less than ≥22 mm [AOR: 0.25, P = 0.005], and in size 20– 21.9 mm as well [AOR: 0.17, P = 0.002].</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Letrozole, with lower incidences of LUF, is more effective than clomiphene citrate for the induction of ovulation in IUI cycles. In our study, we illustrated that larger follicles of ≥22 mm diameter were associated with higher incidences of LUF. We recommend that further studies investigate and focus on the relationship between follicular size and/or full hormonal profiles and LUF.<strong></strong></p>
The effects of tides on the water mass mixing and sea ice in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Luneva Maria V. , Aksenov Yevgeny , Harle James D. , Holt Jason T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this study, we use a novel pan‐Arctic sea ice‐ocean coupled model to examine the effects of tides on sea ice and the mixing of water masses. Two 30 year simulations were performed: one with explicitly resolved tides and the other without any tidal dynamics. We find that the tides are responsible for a ∼15% reduction in the volume of sea ice during the last decade and a redistribution of salinity, with surface salinity in the case with tides being on average ∼1.0–1.8 practical salinity units (PSU) higher than without tides. The ice volume trend in the two simulations also differs: −2.09 × 103 km3/decade without tides and −2.49 × 103 km3/decade with tides, the latter being closer to the trend of −2.58 × 103 km3/decade in the PIOMAS model, which assimilates SST and ice concentration. The three following mechanisms of tidal interaction appear to be significant: (a) strong shear stresses generated by the baroclinic clockwise rotating component of tidal currents in the interior waters; (b) thicker subsurface ice‐ocean and bottom boundary layers; and (c) intensification of quasi‐steady vertical motions of isopycnals (by ∼50%) through enhanced bottom Ekman pumping and stretching of relative vorticity over rough bottom topography. The combination of these effects leads to entrainment of warm Atlantic Waters into the colder and fresher surface waters, supporting the melting of the overlying ice.
Responses of carbon uptake and oceanic pCO2 to climate change in the North Atlantic: A model study with the Bergen Earth System Model
Authors: Goris Nadine , Tjiputra Jerry , Schwinger Jörg , Heinze Christoph 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSeveral model studies diagnose the carbon uptake of the North Atlantic as most sensitive to climate change when considered per unit area. Yet the main drivers of the modeled sensitivity and the share of biological production and physical transport are under debate. In order to contribute to this ongoing discussion, two simulations with the Bergen Earth System Model were carried out for period 1850–2099. One of the simulations (COU) includes the radiative effect of rising CO2 (i.e., climate change), while the second simulation (BGC) excludes this effect. The modeled carbon fluxes show substantially different responses to climate change for different parts of the North Atlantic. Based on these differences, we divide the North Atlantic into two regions, namely, the subpolar gyre (SPG) and the rest of the North Atlantic (rNAT*, covering mainly the subtropical gyre). The highest climate sensitivity is found in the SPG region (accounting for an uptake reduction of 8.06 Pg C over the period 1850–2099), while the response of the rNAT* region is moderate (reduction of 4.00 Pg C). We show that the changing CO2 fluxes in both SPG and rNAT* regions are driven by increasing oceanic pCO2. The pCO2 changes in the rNAT* region are caused by both changing physical and biogeochemical processes, while changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity are the primary contributor to the high climate sensitivity of the SPG region. We identify a reduced biological production to be responsible for the modeled response of DIC and alkalinity, yet the differences between biological contribution and contributions of ocean circulation and CO2 uptake are small, highlighting our need for a better understanding of the marine biological cycle.
Characterization and Petrological Constraints of the Midlithospheric Discontinuity
Authors: Rader Erika , Emry Erica , Schmerr Nicholas , Frost Daniel , Cheng Cheng , Menard Julie , Yu Chun‐Quan , Geist Dennis 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWithin continental lithosphere, widespread seismic evidence suggests a sharp discontinuous downward decrease in seismic velocity at 60–160 km depth. This midlithospheric discontinuity (MLD) may be due to anisotropy, melt, hydration, and/or mantle metasomatism. We survey global seismologic observations of the MLD, including observed depths, velocity contrasts, gradients, and locales across multiple seismic techniques. The MLD is primarily found in regions of thick continental lithosphere and is a decrease in seismic shear velocity (2–7% over 10–20 km) at 60–160 km depth, the majority of observations clustering at 80–100 km. Of xenoliths in online databases, 25% of amphibole‐bearing xenoliths, 90% of phlogopite‐bearing xenoliths, and none of carbonate‐bearing xenoliths were formed at pressures associated with these depth (2–5 GPa). We used Perple_X modeling to evaluate the elastic moduli and densities of multiple petrologies to test if the MLD is a layer of crystallized melt. The fractional addition of 5–10% phlogopite, 10–15% carbonate, or 45–100% pyroxenite produce a 2–7% velocity decrease. We postulate this layer of crystallized melt would originate at active margins of continents and crystallize in place as the lithosphere cools. The concentration of mildly incompatible elements (Y, Ho, Er, Yb, and Lu) in xenoliths near the MLD is consistent with higher degrees of melting. Thus, we postulate that the MLD is the seismological signature of a chemical interface related to the paleointersection of a volatile‐rich solidus and progressively cooling lithosphere. Furthermore, the MLD may represent a remnant chemical tracer of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) from when the lithosphere was active and young.
Mercury's low‐degree geoid and topography controlled by insolation‐driven elastic deformation
Authors: Tosi N. , Čadek O. , Běhounková M. , Káňová M. , Plesa A.‐C. , Grott M. , Breuer D. , Padovan S. , Wieczorek M. A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMercury experiences an uneven insolation that leads to significant latitudinal and longitudinal variations of its surface temperature. These variations, which are predominantly of spherical harmonic degrees 2 and 4, propagate to depth, imposing a long‐wavelength thermal perturbation throughout the mantle. We computed the accompanying density distribution and used it to calculate the mechanical and gravitational response of a spherical elastic shell overlying a quasi‐hydrostatic mantle. We then compared the resulting geoid and surface deformation at degrees 2 and 4 with Mercury's geoid and topography derived from the MErcury, Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging spacecraft. More than 95% of the data can be accounted for if the thickness of the elastic lithosphere were between 110 and 180 km when the thermal anomaly was imposed. The obtained elastic thickness implies that Mercury became locked into its present 3:2 spin orbit resonance later than about 1 Gyr after planetary formation.
Dust‐rainfall feedback in West African Sahel
Authors: Yu Kailiang , D'Odorico Paolo , Bhattachan Abinash , Okin Gregory S. , Evan Amato T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDrought persistence in West African Sahel has often been explained as an effect of positive vegetation‐atmosphere feedback associated with surface albedo or the partitioning of solar radiation into sensible and latent heat fluxes. An often overlooked aspect of land‐atmosphere coupling results from vegetation controls on dust emissions and the ability of mineral aerosols to suppress precipitation. Here we first consider the case of local (endogenous) dynamics within the Sahel, whereby enhanced dust emissions resulting from a decrease in vegetation partly suppress precipitation, thereby further reducing vegetation cover. We then account for teleconnections between Sahel precipitation and exogenous (i.e., Saharan) dust emissions due to an increase in Saharan wind speed in years of above average Sahel precipitation. We find that in both cases vegetation‐climate dynamics may have two stable states, one with low precipitation and high concentration of atmospheric dust and the other with high precipitation and lower levels of atmospheric dust.
Mercury's three‐dimensional asymmetric magnetopause
Authors: Zhong J. , Wan W. X. , Slavin J. A. , Wei Y. , Lin R. L. , Chai L. H. , Raines J. M. , Rong Z. J. , Han X. H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMercury's magnetopause is unique in the solar system due to its relatively small size and its close proximity to the Sun. Based on 3 years of MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging orbital Magnetometer and the Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer data, the mean magnetopause location was determined for a total of 5694 passes. We fit these magnetopause locations to a three‐dimensional nonaxially symmetric magnetopause which includes an indentation for the cusp region that has been successfully applied to the Earth. Our model predicts that Mercury's magnetopause is highly indented surrounding the cusp with central depth ~0.64 RM and large dayside extension. The dayside polar magnetopause dimension is, thus, smaller than the equatorial magnetopause dimension. Cross sections of the dayside magnetopause in planes perpendicular to the Mercury‐Sun line are prolate and elongated along the dawn‐dusk direction. In contrast, the magnetopause downstream of the terminator plane is larger in the north‐south than the east‐west directions by a ratio of 2.6 RM to 2.2 RM at a distance of 1.5 RM downstream of Mercury. Due to the northward offset of the internal dipole, the model predicts that solar wind has direct access to the surface of Mercury at middle magnetic latitudes in the southern hemisphere. During extremely high solar wind pressure conditions, the northern hemisphere middle magnetic latitudes may also be subject to direct solar wind impact.