bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to evaluate changes in renal cortical microcirculation induced by noradrenaline: a pilot study
Authors: Schneider Antoine G , Goodwin Mark D , Schelleman Anthony , Bailey Michael , Johnson Lynne , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
We used contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to estimate the effect of an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) induced by noradrenaline infusion on renal microvascular cortical perfusion in critically ill patients.

Methods
Twelve patients requiring a noradrenaline infusion to maintain a MAP more than 60 mmHg within 48 hours of intensive care unit admission were included in the study. Renal CEUS scans with destruction-replenishment sequences and Sonovue® (Bracco, Milano Italy) as a contrast agent, were performed at baseline (MAP 60 to 65 mmHg) and after a noradrenaline-induced increase in MAP to 80 to 85 mmHg.

Results
There was no adverse effect associated with ultrasound contrast agent administration or increase in noradrenaline infusion rate. Adequate images were obtained in all patients at all study times. To reach the higher MAP target, median noradrenaline infusion rate was increased from 10 to 14 μg/min.
Noradrenaline-induced increases in MAP were not associated with a significant change in overall CEUS derived mean perfusion indices (median perfusion index 3056 (interquartile range: 2438 to 6771) arbitrary units (a.u.) at baseline versus 4101 (3067 to 5981) a.u. after MAP increase, P = 0.38). At individual level, however, we observed important heterogeneity in responses (range -51% to +97% changes from baseline).

Conclusions
A noradrenaline-induced increase in MAP was not associated with an overall increase in renal cortical perfusion as estimated by CEUS. However, at individual level, such response was heterogeneous and unpredictable suggesting great variability in pressure responsiveness within a cohort with a similar clinical phenotype.
Clinical initiatives linking Japanese and Swedish healthcare resources on cancer studies utilizing Biobank Repositories
Authors: Nishimura Toshihide , Kawamura Takeshi , Sugihara Yutaka , Bando Yasuhiko , Sakamoto Shigeru , Nomura Masaharu , Ikeda Norihiko , Ohira Tatsuo , Fujimoto Junichiro , Tojo Hiromasa , Hamakubo Takao , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Andersson Roland , Fehniger Thomas E , Kato Harubumi , Marko‐Varga György 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Tokyo Medical University Hospital in Japan and the Lund University hospital in Sweden have recently initiated a research program with the objective to impact on patient treatment by clinical disease stage characterization (phenotyping), utilizing proteomics sequencing platforms. By sharing clinical experiences, patient treatment principles, and biobank strategies, our respective clinical teams in Japan and Sweden will aid in the development of predictive and drug related protein biomarkers.Data from joint lung cancer studies are presented where protein expression from Neuro‐ Endocrine lung cancer (LCNEC) phenotype patients can be separated from Small cell‐ (SCLC) and Large Cell lung cancer (LCC) patients by deep sequencing and spectral counting analysis. LCNEC, a subtype of large cell carcinoma (LCC), is characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation that small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) shares. Pre‐therapeutic histological distinction between LCNEC and SCLC has so far been problematic, leading to adverse clinical outcome. An establishment of protein targets characteristic of LCNEC is quite helpful for decision of optimal therapeutic strategy by diagnosing individual patients. Proteoform annotation and clinical biobanking is part of the HUPO initiative (http://www.hupo.org) within chromosome 10 and chromosome 19 consortia.
Length-dependent Conductance in Conjugated Molecules in Parallel
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Liu Hongmei , Zhao Jianwei 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We theoretically studied the length dependence of electron transport through a series of conjugated molecules, including molecular wires composed of benzene rings in parallel and oligophenylene with a single backbone. We found that the conductance of the parallel system is more than twice that of the single system, providing clear evidence for constructive quantum interference. Furthermore, the results show an exponential decay of conductance with increasing molecular length for both systems. The decay factor of the parallel system is much smaller than that of the single system. These properties can be understood from the interwire orbital overlap and the splitting of molecular orbitals in the parallel system, which significantly enhances the transmission probability of electron transport through the parallel system.
(Ad)dressing the female body
Authors: Trigg Madaleine 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This visual essay presents a body of work that uses a ‘language of flesh’ and fabric to make explicit the relationship between the body, image and our increasingly material world. Recognizing that our skin is a site of inscription for social and cultural ideals, it considers how these images have been internalized and appropriated onto the body. As the temptation to sculpt our body through clothing and cosmetic surgery becomes increasingly pressing, it is important to pose questions as to how and why we are fashioned. Weaving together feminist concerns, and touching upon (syn)aesthetic discourses to frame and embellish these samples of practice, it is hoped that certain assumptions about the female body are ruptured. Using the site/sight of the body to try and expose these fabrications, I have created these ‘articulate’ costumes to unpick them.
These costumes are critical as they deny their conventional function, instead opening up and celebrating the visceral, living body. These subversions, in undermining typical narratives of fashion and flesh, create a space to (re)present this body; allowing it to speak for itself. (Ad)dressing the female body here refers to material and physical strategies to un/dress; in order to readdress our corporeal and conceptual understanding of the body.
Map 01 (Vale Tudo): Notes on the creative process and performance documentation
Authors: Schwarz Erika 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Map 01 (Vale Tudo) integrates Erika Schwarz’s currently research about costume as performance and appropriation of objects, in relation to the main supplier of scenographic materials from Rio de Janeiro: the S.A.A.R.A. – Society of Friends Adjacent to Alfandega Street commercial shopping district. Articulating personal experiences, cultural traditions and questions about Brazilian artistic productions in contemporaneity, this four hours performance uses the performativity and the theatricality of the real to problematize not only the relationship between production and creation within a project of costume or scenery, but its own use of materials, ready-made pieces and everyday objects as a metalinguistic issue. The performatic action begins with the performer/designer arriving at S.A.A.R.A. equipped with a large map of the region. In this map, a route has been traced out, the fruit of prior research, which it is permeated by, leading the performer to find different shapes and colours. Along this path, multiple purchases are made, initiating the accumulation process of materials and the composition of costumes in situ. It culminates in the creation of a theatrical figure/body and also in the radical (and surrealistic) transformation of objects – at first banal – in the eyes of another (attentive observer or mere passer-by).
Eliminating Persistent Statistical Discrimination: An Analysis of Several Policy Options
Authors: Glawtschew Rebecca M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
I consider a model of endogenous human capital formation with competitively determined wages in a dynamic setting. In the presence of two distinguishable, but ex ante identical groups of workers, discrimination will be persistent in equilibrium. Using this framework, I then consider the effectiveness of three government policies designed to eliminate this discrimination. I determine the paths that workers will take after a policy is instated as well as how long a policy needs to be in place to guarantee the successful elimination of discrimination. The policies I consider are (1) a hiring subsidy that promotes the hiring of disadvantaged workers to the better job, (2) an investment voucher that defrays the monetary cost of human capital investment, and (3) an equal treatment policy under which firms are required to treat workers equally across groups. I find that all three policies have the potential to eliminate persistent discrimination if certain conditions are met. In a general equilibrium setting, I also address the welfare effects of the three policies for a parametric example.
Iconic semiosis and representational efficiency in the London Underground Diagram
Authors: Atã Pedro , Bitarello Breno , Queiroz João 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe icon is the type of sign connected to efficient representational features, and its manipulation reveals more information about its object. The London Underground Diagram (LUD) is an iconic artifact and a well-known example of representational efficiency, having been copied by urban transportation systems worldwide. This paper investigates the efficiency of the LUD in the light of different conceptions of iconicity. We stress that a specialized representation is an icon of the formal structure of the problem for which it has been specialized. By embedding such rules of action and behavior, the icon acts as a semiotic artifact distributing cognitive effort and participating in niche construction.
From compounding to derivation The emergence of derivational affixes through “constructionalization”
Authors: Hüning Matthias , Booij Geert 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe rise of new derivational affixes can be analyzed adequately as a case of “constructionalization” within the framework of Construction Morphology as developed by Booij (2010). We review some aspects and problems of previous accounts that view the emergence of derivational affixes as a case of grammaticalization or as a case of lexicalization, respectively. In line with recent developments in grammaticalization research, not the isolated element (word or affix) is viewed as the locus of change, but the complex word as a whole - seen as a “construction” in the sense of Construction Grammar - and its relation with other constructions. Morphological change can be conceived as constructional change at the word level.
Prolonged rooming-in in infancy is associated with generalized anxiety disorder in the adolescent period
Authors: Kaymaz Nazan , Gökten Emel Sarı , Uzun Mehmet Erdem , Yıldırım Şule , Tekin Mustafa , Topaloğlu Naci , Binnetoğlu Fatih Köksal 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjective:This study aims to investigate whether anxiety disorders in adolescents have a link with the separation time of bed/bedroom sharing with parents. It also aims to raise awareness in society about the issue of minimizing anxiety disorders in childhood.Methods:A case-control study was conducted in Şevket Yılmaz Training and Research Hospital between June 2013 and May 2014. The participants included 51 adolescents who were diagnosed as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with no-comorbidity and 71 healthy adolescents as the control group, who were chosen randomly. Diagnosis of GAD was based on the criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed) by child and adolescent psychiatry doctors. The Turkish version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used for the control group. A special survey about demographics and bed-sharing statements was constructed for the purpose of the study. The groups were analyzed in terms of duration of co-sleeping (bed-sharing) and rooming-in (keeping the mother and the baby in same room) with parents during infancy and the development of anxiety disorders in later period.Results:Mean duration of rooming-in was significantly longer in the case group than in the control group (p=0.009). Similarly, mean duration of co-sleeping in the case group was longer than that of the control group. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.529).Conclusion:Sleeping in the same room with children for a long time may result in anxiety disorders in later period due to possible difficulties in bonding and/or less self-confidence.
The relationship between physical fitness and obesity among a sample of adolescents in Cyprus
Authors: Aphamis George , Giannaki Christoforos D. , Tsouloupas Costas N. , Ioannou Yiannakis , Hadjicharalambous Marios 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Recent data revealed that adolescent obesity appeared to be a rising problem in Cyprus. However, there is a scarcity of published data regarding fitness-related parameters, which could contribute for the presence of obesity in Cyprus’ adolescence population. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between adolescent obesity, body composition, and fitness levels. A total of 270 high school students volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. Body mass and height were assessed in order to calculate body mass index, while body fat percentage was calculated by using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical fitness parameters were assessed through a battery of field tests. Body fat was inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness levels, sprint and jumping performance, as well as with the frequency of physical education class sessions per week (p<0.05). The adolescents with high body fat were found to exhibit significant reductions in all the fitness related parameters (p<0.05), except with the arm strength (p>0.05). This study is the first to uncover an inverse association between high body fat and fitness-related parameters among a sample of adolescents in Cyprus. These data can be used in order to develop effective interventions aiming to counterbalance obesity and improve the overall health and the quality of life of adolescents.
Swiss Trade with the Allies and the Axis Powers during the Second World War
Authors: Golson Eric 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper shows that in order to maintain its position the Swiss government offered Germany concessions on merchandise trade when necessary, but Switzerland was far from being under German control during the Second World War. Germany provided Switzerland with excess imports to exports while paying higher prices for Swiss goods. Although the levels of trade were considerably smaller due to geographic restrictions, Switzerland gave the Allies favourable terms of merchandise trade, in particular after 1943, in exchange for the continued recognition of Swiss independence. This is consistent with, but not necessarily explicit in the current literature. As a result of these findings, this paper concludes, from a merchandise trade perspective, Swiss neutrality was a policy of pragmatic self-preservation.
Segmentierung unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägter Welligkeiten auf lackierten Oberflächen
Authors: Vogelbacher Markus , Ziebarth Mathias , Olawsky Sabine , Beyerer Jürgen 
Published: November 2014

Zusammenfassung
Die Wahrnehmung lackierter Oberflächen wird sehr stark durch deren
Oberflächenrauheiten und -welligkeiten beeinflusst. Betrachtet man
die Welligkeiten, dann ist für den visuellen Eindruck nicht nur deren
Ausprägung, sondern auch der Verlauf entscheidend. Lokale Änderungen
im Verlauf können dazu führen, dass solche Oberflächen als
„unschön“ wahrgenommen werden. Die Einschätzung der Welligkeit
wird heute in der Industrie mit Hilfe verschiedener Messinstrumente
durchgeführt. Diese ignorieren dabei meist den zweidimensionalen
Charakter dieses Oberflächeneffektes und nehmen das optische Profil
der Oberfläche nur linienhaft auf. Änderungen in der Ausprägung werden
nicht berücksichtigt, da sie entweder herausgemittelt werden oder zu
einer Fehlmessung führen. In diesem Beitrag werden Methoden
vorgestellt, die zum einen die zweidimensionale Aufnahme und
Auswertung von Oberflächenwelligkeiten ermöglichen und zum anderen
Änderungen im Verlauf detektieren. Dazu wird ein deflektometrisches
Messsystem verwendet, um das Gradientenfeld der Oberfläche zu
erhalten. Durch Auswertung in bestimmten Wellenlängenbereichen wird
eine Vergleichbarkeit zu Standardkenngrößen aus der Industrie
gewährleistet.
Messunsicherheiten in der Durchflussmessung: Der Weg zum
Messunsicherheitsmodell und zur Unsicherheitsanalyse – Teil 2
Authors: Engel Rainer 
Published: November 2014

Zusammenfassung
Durchflusskalibriereinrichtungen lassen sich generell in drei am Messprozess
beteiligte Funktionselemente strukturieren, unabhängig von der Art des
Fluids und des verwendeten Referenznormals: das Referenznormal (Volumen oder
Masse), das zu kalibrierende Durchflussmessgerät sowie das
Verbindungselement dazwischen, das Zwischenrohr-Volumen [1]. Mittels
modellbasierter Analyse können diese Elemente separat einer
Unsicherheitsanalyse unterzogen werden, deren Einzelergebnisse in einem
Gesamtmodell zusammengeführt werden. Eine „exakte“ Analyse der
Messunsicherheit im Rahmen von Messungen in Durchflusskalibriereinrichtungen
erfordert die Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheitsbeiträgen, die aus
den dynamischen Effekten des Messprozesses und der daran beteiligten
Funktionskomponenten resultieren. Deren Ursachen wiederum sind im
Wesentlichen in mehr oder weniger zufälligen Schwankungen der
Messgröße Volumen- bzw. Massedurchfluss in der Messanlage
begründet. Eine Komponente, die wesentlich zur Gesamtmessunsicherheit
bei Durchflussmessungen und -kalibrierungen beiträgt, ist der
Prüfling selbst, d. h. der zu kalibrierende Durchflusssensor. Dieser
Unsicherheitsbeitrag resultiert sowohl aus dem Messprozess als auch aus
inhärenten Eigenschaften dieses Messgerätes. In dieser Fortsetzung
des in [47] erschienen Artikels werden die im Rahmen der Rückführungskette einer Durchflussnormalmesseinrichtung (Kalibriereinrichtung)
wirksamen Elemente bezüglich ihrer Unsicherheitsbeiträge, mit der
sie jeweils zur Gesamtmessunsicherheit einer derartigen Messeinrichtung
beitragen, quantitativ beschrieben, analysiert und bewertet.
Infrared Emitting HgTe Quantum Dots and Their Waveguide and Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Kershaw Stephen V. , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The development of the research into the synthesis and optoelectronic
applications of HgTe and related quantum dots (QDs) is reviewed, from
the early days when it was felt that it might be a useful replacement
for rare earths in telecom optical amplifiers, through to its more
recent and broader appeal as an IR photodetector
technology. Appropriately the early investigation of the material
sprang from a contact with Prof. Horst Weller and his group at Hamburg
University. Though the problem of Auger recombination meant that it
was not so easy to make telecom amplifiers and lasers as many had
hoped, it has proved to have an extraordinarily broad bandgap tuning
range and just recently this has resulted in the demonstration of
photodetectors in the mid- to long-IR region operating at up to 12 μm wavelength. This impressive flexibility has led to interest in
HgTe QDs and optoelectronic devices based on them to be as strong as
ever and growing as the prospects for commercialization improve with
every narrowing in the gap between the performance of present day
epitaxial devices and QD-based technology. In a further satisfying and
well timed twist, Prof. Weller's 60th year has seen
preliminary reports of extended gain lifetime in `doped' HgTe QDs
which may yet lead to a completing of the circle with the distinct
possibility of electrically driven telecom wavelength lasers and
amplifiers in the coming years. This review follows the development of
the several synthetic methods to grow colloidal HgTe QDs, and their
deployment in optoelectronic devices to the present.
Kinetics of the Reactions of Hydroxyl Radicals with Diacetylene and
Vinylacetylene
Authors: Sommerer Jörg , Olzmann Matthias 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Highly unsaturated hydrocarbons like diacetylene (C4H2)
or vinylacetylene (C4H4) are important intermediates in
combustion that can have impact on soot formation. One of their major
loss channels is reaction with hydroxyl radicals (OH). We studied the
reactions C4H2 + OH → products (1) and
C4H4 + OH → products (2) in a quasi-static
reactor with helium as bath gas. The hydroxyl radicals were produced
by laser flash-photolysis of nitric acid at a wavelength of
248 nm and detected by laser-induced fluorescence with
excitation at 282 nm. The rate coefficients were obtained
from the intensity-time profiles under pseudo-first order conditions
with respect to OH. We found a virtually temperature-independent rate
coefficient for reaction (1):
k
1 = (1.0 ± 0.3) × 10−11 cm3 s
–1
(T = 290–670 K,
P = 2.7–30.5 bar) and a weakly negative
temperature-dependent rate coefficient for reaction (2):
k
2(T) = (6.4 ± 1.9) × 10−12 exp (486 K/T) cm3 s
–1
(T = 295–740 K,
P = 1.7–19.2 bar). For neither of the two
reactions pressure dependence was observed. From comparisons with
analogous reaction systems, we conclude that the dominating reaction
pathway is OH addition, where in the case of C4H4 the double
bond is preferred over the triple bond.
Differential Benefits of Amoxicillin–Metronidazole in Different Phases of Periodontal Therapy in a Randomized Controlled Crossover Clinical Trial
Authors: Mombelli Andrea , Almaghlouth Adnan , Cionca Norbert , Courvoisier Delphine S. , Giannopoulou Catherine 
Published: November 2014

Background: The specific advantage of administering systemic antibiotics during initial, non‐surgical therapy or in the context of periodontal surgery is unclear. This study assesses the differential outcomes of periodontal therapy supplemented with amoxicillin–metronidazole during either the non‐surgical or the surgical treatment phase.Methods: This is a single‐center, randomized placebo‐controlled crossover clinical trial with a 1‐year follow‐up. Eighty participants with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans–associated moderate to advanced periodontitis were randomized into two treatment groups: group A, antibiotics (500 mg metronidazole plus 375 mg amoxicillin three times per day for 7 days) during the first, non‐surgical phase of periodontal therapy (T1) and placebo during the second, surgical phase (T2); and group B, placebo during T1 and antibiotics during T2. The number of sites with probing depth (PD) >4 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) per patient was the primary outcome.Results: A total of 11,212 sites were clinically monitored on 1,870 teeth. T1 with antibiotics decreased the number of sites with PD >4 mm and BOP per patient significantly more than without (group A: from 34.5 to 5.7, 84%; group B: from 28.7 to 8.7, 70%; P <0.01). Twenty patients treated with antibiotics, but only eight treated with placebo, achieved a 10‐fold reduction of diseased sites (P = 0.007). Consequently, fewer patients of group A needed additional therapy, the mean number of surgical interventions was lower, and treatment time in T2 was shorter. Six months after T2, the mean number of residual pockets (group A: 2.8 ± 5.2; group B: 2.2 ± 5.0) was not significantly different and was sustained over 12 months in both groups.Conclusion: Giving the antibiotics during T1 or T2 yielded similar long‐term outcomes, but antibiotics in T1 resolved the disease quicker and thus reduced the need for additional surgical intervention.