bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis E virus in Scottish blood donors
Authors: Cleland A. , Smith L. , Crossan C. , Blatchford O. , Dalton H. R. , Scobie L. , Petrik J. 
Published: June 2013

Background and ObjectivesPublished prevalence figures for hepatitis E virus (HEV) reveal significant regional differences. Several studies have reported virus transmission via blood transfusion. The aim of this study was to establish HEV seroprevalence and investigate a potential HEV RNA presence in Scottish blood donors.Materials and MethodsIgG and IgM were determined in individual serum samples. HEV RNA was investigated in plasma mini‐pools corresponding to 43 560 individual donations using nested PCR. Samples amenable to reamplification with primers from a different region were considered confirmed positives, sequenced and analysed.ResultsA total of 73 of 1559 tested individual sera (4·7%) were IgG positive, none tested positive for IgM. Plasma mini‐pool testing revealed an HEV RNA frequency of 1 in 14 520 donations. Three confirmed positives belonged, as expected to genotype 3.ConclusionsHEV IgG and RNA figures in Scottish blood donors are lower than those published for the rest of the UK, but sufficiently high to prompt further studies on potential transmission rates and effects of HEV infection, especially for immunosuppressed individuals.
A UK single‐centre survey of red cell antibodies in adult patients undergoing liver transplantation
Authors: Mushkbar M. , Watkins E. , Doughty H. 
Published: June 2013

Background and ObjectivesRed cell antibodies may complicate blood provision and liver transplantation outcome. The aim of this survey was to document red cell antibodies in adults undergoing liver transplantation and make recommendations for clinical practice.Materials and MethodsWe completed a 10‐year retrospective review of adults undergoing liver transplant, in a single UK centre using 4‐ to 6‐weekly red cell antibody screening.ResultsSeven hundred and thirty seven patients were reviewed: 58 (7·9%) had antibodies. In 50 (6·8%) patients, the antibodies were clinically significant, and the commonest were Rhesus (49·5%) and Kell (11%). 33 patients had a single antibody, and the rest had multiple antibodies (range 2–5). Two‐thirds of patients (38) had antibodies at presentation; 22% of these developed additional antibodies while on the waiting list or postoperatively.ConclusionConsideration should be given to the proactive use of Rh‐ and K‐typed blood in end‐stage liver disease in order to reduce alloimmunization. In addition, regular antibody screening would enable staff to identify those with atypical antibodies and plan their transfusion support.
Identification and expression pattern of a glutathione S‐transferase in Echinochloa crus‐galli
Authors: Li G , Wu S G , Yu R X , Cang T , Chen L P , Zhao X P , Cai L M , Wu C X 
Published: June 2013

SummaryPlant glutathione S‐transferase (GST) forms a major part of the herbicide detoxification enzyme network in plants. A GST cDNA was isolated from Echinochloa crus‐galli and characterised. The gene, designated EcGST1 (E. crus‐galli GeneBank no: JX518596), has a 684 bp open reading frame predicted to encode a 25 kD protein. Sequence alignment showed that EcGST1 is a GST homologue. Its expression in response to quinclorac treatment was monitored in seedlings (leaves and roots) and adult plants (leaves, roots, stems and seeds) of quinclorac‐resistant (R) and susceptible (S) biotypes of E. crus‐galli. EcGST1 expression was 1.5–3 times greater in the R plants than in the S plants. However, after exposure to quinclorac, the difference in the expression levels of EcGST1 in R plants, compared with S plants, increased to a ratio of 6–10. Enhanced EcGST1 levels should enable greater quinclorac detoxification following quinclorac stimulation in R plants. GST‐based metabolism may be partially responsible for resistance to quinclorac in E. crus‐galli. The results suggest a new resistance mechanism for this R biotype in Chinese rice fields.
Morphological variation of Solanum elaeagnifolium in south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Zhu X C , Wu H W , Stanton R , Burrows G E , Lemerle D , Raman H 
Published: June 2013

SummarySolanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade) is an invasive perennial weed in Australia, with aerial growth commencing in spring from either the perennial root system or the soil seedbank, with senescence occurring in autumn. A total of 642 S. elaeagnifolium individuals were collected at flowering from 92 locations in south‐eastern Australia to study morphological variation and its implications for management. Large morphological variation was found between individuals from different locations. Leaf length, width and area ranged from 1.44 to 10.6 cm, 0.39 to 4.09 cm and 0.41 to 25.8 cm2 respectively. Plants from higher rainfall regions were significantly taller and had larger leaves, suggesting a possible correlation between rainfall and morphology. Scanning electron microscopy comparison of leaf surfaces showed lower trichome and stomatal densities on the adaxial surface (67.0 ± 3.3 trichomes mm−2 and 603.4 ± 29.2 stomata mm−2 respectively) than on the abaxial surface (131.9 ± 7.2 trichomes mm−2 and 813.7 ± 30.5 stomata mm−2 respectively). The morphological plasticity of S. elaeagnifolium highlighted in this study could probably contribute to its adaptability and partly explain its establishment and continuing expansion in Australia.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Neofusicoccum parvum
Isolate UCR-NP2, a Fungal Vascular Pathogen Associated with Grapevine Cankers
Authors: Blanco-Ulate Barbara , Rolshausen Philippe , Cantu Dario 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Neofusicoccum parvum
, a member of the
Botryosphaeriaceae
family, is a vascular pathogen that causes severe decline and dieback symptoms in grapevines worldwide. The draft genome of the grapevine isolate
N. parvum
UCR-NP2 provides a first glimpse into the complex set of putative virulence factors that this pathogen may use to rapidly colonize plants.
First Complete Genome Sequence of a Genogroup II Genotype 18 Porcine Norovirus, Strain QW125
Authors: Oka Tomoichiro , Saif Linda J. , Wang Qiuhong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Noroviruses, members of the family
Caliciviridae
, are genetically diverse. We report the first complete genome sequence of a genogroup II genotype 18 porcine norovirus, strain QW125. A protein BLAST search revealed that identity scores of this strain compared to other norovirus strains were highest in the predicted protease region.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bhargavaea cecembensis Strain DSE10
T
, Isolated from a Deep-Sea Sediment Sample Collected at a Depth of 5,904 m from the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge System in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Shivaji Sisinthy , Ara Sreenivas , Begum Zareena , Ruth Manorama , Singh Aditya , Kumar Pinnaka Anil 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the 3.2-Mbp draft genome sequence of
Bhargavaea cecembensis
strain DSE10
T
, isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Chagos-Laccadive ridge system in the Indian Ocean at a depth of 5,904 m.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma putrefaciens Strain 9231, One of the Agents of Contagious Agalactia in Goats
Authors: Dupuy Virginie , Sirand-Pugnet Pascal , Baranowski Eric , Barré Aurélien , Breton Marc , Couture Carole , Dordet-Frisoni Emilie , Gaurivaud Patrice , Jacob Daniel , Lemaitre Claire , Manso-Silván Lucía , Nikolski Macha , Nouvel Laurent-Xavier , Poumarat François , Tardy Florence , Thébault Patricia , Theil Sébastien , Citti Christine , Blanchard Alain , Thiaucourt François 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma putrefaciens
is one of the etiologic agents of contagious agalactia in goats. We report herein the complete genome sequence of
Mycoplasma putrefaciens
strain 9231.
Severe hyponatremia and MRI point to diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in the Southwest USA
Authors: Benson Stephanie Michelle , Narasimhamurthy Rashmi 
Published: June 2013

A 21-year-old woman presented to the hospital with 3 days of headache, fever, mood disturbance and nausea. She had recently emigrated from India, and was noted to have a positive screening purified protein derivative tuberculosis skin test with normal chest x-ray. Meningeal signs were noted prompting lumbar puncture and initiation of presumptive treatment for bacterial meningitis. While tuberculous meningitis (TM) was entertained at admission, diagnosis was clouded by the rapid onset of symptoms and recent major psychosocial stressors. She developed severe hyponatremia. Brain MRI revealed tuberculomas, and she was started on treatment for TM, a diagnosis confirmed by culture. On review, several lessons were learned: (1) globalisation of society makes uncommon diagnoses present in unlikely locations, (2) hyponatremia is a common complication of TM, (3) MRI can aid in diagnosis of TM and (4) cognitive and mood changes can be prodromal symptoms of TM.
An observational method to code concussions in the National Hockey League (NHL): the heads-up checklist
Authors: Hutchison Michael G , Comper Paul , Meeuwisse Willem H , Echemendia Ruben J 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundDevelopment of effective strategies for preventing concussions is a priority in all sports, including ice hockey. Digital video records of sports events contain a rich source of valuable information, and are therefore a promising resource for analysing situational factors and injury mechanisms related to concussion.AimTo determine whether independent raters reliably agreed on the antecedent events and mechanisms of injury when using a standardised observational tool known as the heads-up checklist (HUC) to code digital video records of concussions in the National Hockey League (NHL).MethodsThe study occurred in two phases. In phase 1, four raters (2 naïve and 2 expert) independently viewed and completed HUCs for 25 video records of NHL concussions randomly chosen from the pool of concussion events from the 2006–2007 regular season. Following initial analysis, three additional factors were added to the HUC, resulting in a total of 17 factors of interest. Two expert raters then viewed the remaining concussion events from the 2006–2007 season, as well as all digital video records of concussion events up to 31 December 2009 (n=174).ResultsFor phase 1, the majority of the factors had a κ value of 0.6 or higher (8 of 15 factors for naïve raters; 11 of 15 factors for expert raters). For phase 2, all the factors had a total percent agreement value greater than 0.8 and κ values of >0.65 for the expert raters.ConclusionsHUC is an objective, reliable tool for coding the antecedent events and mechanisms of concussions in the NHL.
A systematic video analysis of National Hockey League (NHL) concussions, part I: who, when, where and what?
Authors: Hutchison Michael G , Comper Paul , Meeuwisse Willem H , Echemendia Ruben J 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundAlthough there is a growing understanding of the consequences of concussions in hockey, very little is known about the precipitating factors associated with this type of injury.AimTo describe player characteristics and situational factors associated with concussions in the National Hockey League (NHL).MethodsCase series of medically diagnosed concussions for regular season games over a 3.5-year period during the 2006–2010 seasons using an inclusive cohort of professional hockey players. Digital video records were coded and analysed using the Heads Up Checklist.ResultsOf 197 medically diagnosed concussions, 88% involved contact with an opponent. Forwards accounted for more concussions than expected compared with on-ice proportional representation (95% CI 60 to 73; p=0.04). Significantly more concussions occurred in the first period (47%) compared with the second and third periods (p=0.047), with the majority of concussions occurring in the defensive zone (45%). Approximately 47% of the concussions occurred in open ice, 53% occurred in the perimeter. Finally, 37% of the concussions involved injured players’ heads contacting the boards or glass.ConclusionsThis study describes several specific factors associated with concussions in the NHL, including period of the game, player position, body size, and specific locations on the ice and particular situations based on a player's position.
CVD risk among men participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2010: differences by sexual minority status
Authors: Farmer Grant W , Bucholz Kathleen K , Flick Louise H , Burroughs Thomas E , Bowen Deborah J 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundRecent research indicates that sexual minority women are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with heterosexual women; however, few studies of CVD risk exist for sexual minority men (SMM). This study aimed to determine whether disparities in CVD risk exist for SMM and if CVD risk is consistent across subgroups of SMM.MethodsThis study utilised publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), pooled from 2001 to 2010. CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham General CVD Risk Score and operationalised as the ratio of a participant's vascular and chronological age. Differences in this ratio were examined between heterosexual and SMM as a whole, and within subgroups of SMM.ResultsSMM had vascular systems that were, on average, 4% (95% CI −7.5% to −0.4%) younger than their heterosexual counterparts; however, adjustment for education and history of hard drug use rendered this difference statistically insignificant. Analysis of SMM subgroups revealed increased CVD risk for bisexual men and decreased CVD risk for both gay and homosexually experienced heterosexual men when compared with heterosexual men. Differences in CVD risk persisted for only bisexual and homosexually experienced heterosexual men after adjustment for education and history of hard drug use.ConclusionsSubgroups of SMM are at increased risk for CVD compared with heterosexual men, and this increased risk cannot be completely attributed to differences in demographic characteristics or negative health behaviours.
Aetosauria: a clade of armoured pseudosuchians from the Upper Triassic continental beds
Authors: Desojo Julia B. , Heckert Andrew B. , Martz Jeffrey W. , Parker William G. , Schoch Rainer R. , Small Bryan J. , Sulej Tomasz 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Aetosauria is a clade of obligately quadrupedal, heavily armoured pseudosuchians known from Upper Triassic (late Carnian–Rhaetian) strata on every modern continent except Australia and Antarctica. As many as 22 genera and 26 species ranging from 1 to 6 m in length, and with a body mass ranging from less than 10 to more than 500 kg, are known.
Aetosauroides scagliai
was recently recovered as the most basal aetosaur, placed outside of Stagonolepididae (the last common ancestor of
Desmatosuchus
and
Aetosaurus
). Interrelationships among the basal aetosaurs are not well understood but two clades with relatively apomorphic armour – the spinose Desmatosuchinae and the generally wide-bodied Typothoracisinae – are consistently recognized. Paramedian and lateral osteoderms are often distinctive at the generic level but variation within the carapace is not well understood in many taxa, warranting caution in assigning isolated osteoderms to specific taxa. The aetosaur skull and dentition varies across taxa, and there is increasing evidence that at least some aetosaurs relied on invertebrates and/or small vertebrates as a food source. Histological evidence indicates that, after an initial period of rapid growth, lines of arrested growth (LAGs) are common and later growth was relatively slow. The common and widespread Late Triassic ichnogenus
Brachychirotherium
probably represents the track of an aetosaur.
A reconstruction of the thigh musculature of the extinct pseudosuchian
Prestosuchus chiniquensis
from the
Dinodontosaurus
Assemblage Zone (Middle Triassic Epoch), Santa Maria 1 Sequence, southern Brazil
Authors: Liparini Alexandre , Schultz Cesar L. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Prestosuchus chiniquensis
is an extinct species of terrestrial archosaur from the Middle Triassic Epoch restricted to southern Brazil. In this paper the thigh musculature of
P
.
chiniquensis
is reconstructed based on a well-preserved specimen and on myological descriptions of extant birds and crocodylians. Among the 16 analysed muscular groups, 13 were recognized as present and homologous to both extant groups of archosaurs, and two only to the crocodylian line of archosaurs, so that 15 muscular groups were reconstructed in the fossil specimen. Morphological particularities of the pelvic girdle and the hindlimbs of
P
.
chiniquensis
gave a distinct arrangement for the muscular origin and insertion sites, leading to different lines of action and functions when compared with extant archosaurs. The comparison between extinct and extant archosaurs showed a basal condition sustained in some aspects, such as the morphology of the femur and the flexion of the knee, although other aspects were considered as derived, such as the morphology of the pubis and ischium, and their associated muscle origin locations.
Manganoporphyrins Increase Ascorbate-Induced Cytotoxicity by Enhancing H2O2 Generation
Authors: Rawal Malvika , Schroeder Samuel R. , Wagner Brett A. , Cushing Cameron M. , Welsh Jessemae L. , Button Anna M. , Du Juan , Sibenaller Zita A. , Buettner Garry R. , Cullen Joseph J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Renewed interest in using pharmacological ascorbate (AscH−) to treat cancer has prompted interest in leveraging its cytotoxic mechanism of action. A central feature of AscH− action in cancer cells is its ability to act as an electron donor to O2 for generating H2O2. We hypothesized that catalytic manganoporphyrins (MnP) would increase AscH− oxidation rates, thereby increasing H2O2 fluxes and cytotoxicity. Three different MnPs were tested (MnTBAP, MnT2EPyP, and MnT4MPyP), exhibiting a range of physicochemical and thermodynamic properties. Of the MnPs tested, MnT4MPyP exerted the greatest effect on increasing the rate of AscH− oxidation as determined by the concentration of ascorbate radical [Asc•−] and the rate of oxygen consumption. At concentrations that had minimal effects alone, combining MnPs and AscH− synergized to decrease clonogenic survival in human pancreatic cancer cells. This cytotoxic effect was reversed by catalase, but not superoxide dismutase, consistent with a mechanism mediated by H2O2. MnPs increased steady-state concentrations of Asc•− upon ex vivo addition to whole blood obtained either from mice infused with AscH− or patients treated with pharmacologic AscH−. Finally, tumor growth in vivo was inhibited more effectively by combining MnT4MPyP with AscH−. We concluded that MnPs increase the rate of oxidation of AscH− to leverage H2O2 flux and ascorbate-induced cytotoxicity. Cancer Res; 73(16); 5232–41. ©2013 AACR.
The Relationship between Tumor Blood Flow, Angiogenesis, Tumor Hypoxia, and Aerobic Glycolysis
Authors: Østergaard Leif , Tietze Anna , Nielsen Thomas , Drasbek Kim Ryun , Mouridsen Kim , Jespersen Sune Nørhøj , Horsman Michael R. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapies are being pursued as a means of starving tumors of their energy supply. Although numerous studies show that such therapies render tumors hypoxic, just as many studies have, surprisingly, shown improved tumor oxygenation. These contradicting findings challenge both the original rationale for antiangiogenic therapy and our understanding of the physiology of tissue oxygenation. The flow–diffusion equation, which describes the relation between blood flow and the extraction of freely diffusible molecules in tissue, was recently extended to take the heterogeneity of capillary transit times (CTH) into account. CTH is likely to be high in the chaotic microvasculature of a tumor, increasing the effective shunting of blood through its capillary bed. We review the properties of the extended flow–diffusion equation in tumor tissue. Elevated CTH reduces the extraction of oxygen, glucose, and cytotoxic molecules. The extent to which their net extraction is improved by antiangiogenic therapy, in turn, depends on the extent to which CTH is normalized by the treatment. The extraction of oxygen and glucose are affected to different extents by elevated CTH, and the degree of aerobic glycolysis—known as the Warburg effect—is thus predicted to represent an adaptation to the CTH of the local microvasculature. Cancer Res; 73(18); 5618–24. ©2013 AACR.
Postdiagnosis Cruciferous Vegetable Consumption and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Report from the After Breast Cancer Pooling Project
Authors: Nechuta Sarah , Caan Bette J. , Chen Wendy Y. , Kwan Marilyn L. , Lu Wei , Cai Hui , Poole Elizabeth M. , Flatt Shirley W. , Zheng Wei , Pierce John P. , Shu Xiao Ou 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables are a major source of glucosinolate-derived bioactive compounds such as isothiocyanates, which have been shown in animal and in vitro studies to inhibit cancer growth and progression. Few studies have investigated cruciferous vegetable intake after diagnosis and breast cancer outcomes. Using data from the After Breast Cancer Pooling Project, which includes prospective data from U.S. and Chinese breast cancer survivors, we evaluated the association of cruciferous vegetables with breast cancer outcomes. Analyses included 11,390 women diagnosed with stage I–III invasive breast cancer (1990–2006) from four cohorts. Cruciferous vegetable intake (g/day) was assessed using food frequency questionnaires (mean of 22 months postdiagnosis). Study heterogeneity was evaluated by the Q statistic; hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using delayed-entry Cox regression models stratified by study. After a median follow-up of 9.0 years, 1,725 deaths and 1,421 recurrences were documented. In pooled analyses using study-specific quartiles, cruciferous vegetable intake was not associated with breast cancer outcomes, adjusting for known clinical prognostic factors and selected lifestyle factors. HRs (95% CIs) by increasing quartiles (reference = lowest quartile) were 1.08 (0.93–1.25), 1.01 (0.87–1.18), and 1.10 (0.95–1.28) for recurrence (Ptrend = 0.34) and 1.01 (0.88–1.15), 0.97 (0.84–1.11), and 0.99 (0.86–1.13) for total mortality (Ptrend = 0.84). No associations were observed for subgroups defined by estrogen receptor status, stage, or tamoxifen therapy. Cruciferous vegetable intake at approximately two years after diagnosis was not associated with recurrence or mortality. Our results do not support an association between postdiagnosis cruciferous vegetable intake and breast cancer outcomes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(8); 1451–6. ©2013 AACR.