bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipoprotein(a) and Coronary Plaque in Asymptomatic Individuals: The Miami Heart Study at Baptist Health South Florida
Authors: Mszar Reed , Cainzos-Achirica Miguel , Valero-Elizondo Javier , Lahan Shubham , Al-Kindi Sadeer G. , Quispe Renato , Ali Shozab S. , Arias Lara , Saxena Anshul , Shah Svati H. , Cury Ricardo C. , Budoff Matthew J. , Blaha Michael J. , Shapiro Michael D. , Sharma Garima , Santos Raul D. , Blankstein Ron , Feldman Theodore , Fialkow Jonathan , Nasir Khurram 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) are independently associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. However, the mechanisms driving this association are poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the association between Lp(a) and coronary plaque characteristics in a contemporary US cohort without clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography, the noninvasive gold standard for the assessment of coronary atherosclerosis.

METHODS:
We used baseline data from the Miami Heart Study—a community-based, prospective cohort study—which included asymptomatic adults aged 40 to 65 years evaluated using coronary computed tomography angiography. Those taking any lipid-lowering therapies were excluded. Elevated Lp(a) was defined as ≥125 nmol/L. Outcomes included any plaque, coronary artery calcium score >0, maximal stenosis ≥50%, presence of any high-risk plaque feature (positive remodeling, spotty calcification, low-attenuation plaque, napkin ring), and the presence of ≥2 high-risk plaque features.

RESULTS:

Among 1795 participants (median age, 52 years; 54.3% women; 49.6% Hispanic), 291 (16.2%) had Lp(a) ≥125 nmol/L. In unadjusted analyses, individuals with Lp(a) ≥125 nmol/L had a higher prevalence of all outcomes compared with Lp(a) <125 nmol/L, although differences were only statistically significant for the presence of any coronary plaque and ≥2 high-risk features. In multivariable models, elevated Lp(a) was independently associated with the presence of any coronary plaque (odds ratio, 1.40, [95% CI, 1.05–1.86]) and with ≥2 high-risk features (odds ratio, 3.94, [95% CI, 1.82–8.52]), although only 35 participants had this finding. Among participants with a coronary artery calcium score of 0 (n=1200), those with Lp(a) ≥125 nmol/L had a significantly higher percentage of any plaque compared with those with Lp(a) <125 nmol/L (24.2% versus 14.2%;
P
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this contemporary analysis, elevated Lp(a) was independently associated with the presence of coronary plaque. Larger studies are needed to confirm the strong association observed with the presence of multiple high-risk coronary plaque features.
Predictors of Shock‐Reduction Programming and Its Impact on Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Therapies and Mortality: The CERTITUDE Registry
Authors: Beyer Sebastian E. , Harrell Camden , Mullane Steven , Kutyifa Valentina , Madhavan Malini , Piccini Jonathan P. , Upadhyay Gaurav A. , Ip James E. , Thomas George , Liu Christopher F. , Markowitz Steven M. , Hayes David , Lerman Bruce B. , Cheung Jim W. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Shock‐reduction implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator programming (SRP) was associated with fewer therapies and improved survival in randomized controlled trials, but real‐world studies investigating SRP and associated outcomes are limited.

Methods and Results

The BIOTRONIK CERTITUDE registry was linked with the Medicare database. We included all patients with an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implanted between August 22, 2012 and September 30, 2021 in the United States. SRP was defined as programming to either a therapy rate cutoff ≥188 beats per minute or number of intervals to detection ≥30/40 for treatment. Among 6781 patients (mean 74±9 years; 27% women), 3393 (50%) had SRP. Older age, secondary prevention indication, and device implantation in the southern or western United States were associated with lower use of SRP. The cumulative incidence rate of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator shocks was lower in the SRP group (5.1% shocks/patient year) compared with the non‐SRP group (7.2% shocks/patient year) (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.83 [95% CI, 0.73–0.96];
P
=0.005). Over a median follow‐up of 2.9 years, 739 deaths occurred in the SRP group and 822 deaths occurred in the non‐SRP group (adjusted HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.88–1.07];
P
=0.569). SRP was associated with a lower all‐cause mortality among patients without ischemic heart disease compared with patients with ischemic heart disease (adjusted HR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.48–0.87] versus adjusted HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.92–1.14];
P
interaction
=0.004).

Conclusions
Adoption of SRP is low in real‐world clinical practice. Age, clinical variables, and geographic factors are associated with use of SRP. In this study, SRP‐associated decrease in mortality was limited to patients without ischemic heart disease.
Endovascular Thrombectomy With and Without Preceding Thrombolysis in Posterior Circulation Stroke—Insights From STAR
Authors: Heide Ev‐Christin , Kasab Sami Al , Alawieh Ali , Arthur Adam , Brinjikji Waleed , Chowdhry Shakeel , Crosa Roberto , Cuellar Hugo , Leacy Reade De , Dumont Travis , Ernst Marielle , Ezzeldin Mohamad , Fragata Isabel , Howard Brian , Jabbour Pascal , Kan Peter , Kim Joon‐Tae , Levitt Michael R. , Mascitelli Justin , Matouk Charles , Moss Mark , Navia Pedro , Osbun Joshua , Park Min S. , Polifka Adam , Psychogios Marios‐Nikos , Rai Ansaar , Romano Daniele G. , Shaban Amir , Starke Robert M. , Tanweer Omar , Williamson Richard , Wolfe Stacey Q. , Yoshimura Shinichi , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Maier Ilko L. ,   STAR Investigators
Published: July 2024

Background
Multiple randomized trials could not establish the noninferiority of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) alone without preceding intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or superiority of IVT followed by EVT in anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion stroke. The role of prior IVT in posterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion remains controversial.

Methods
In this multicenter, retrospective study, patients with stroke with large‐vessel occlusion in the posterior circulation who received EVT alone or with IVT were selected from the stroke thrombectomy and aneurysm registry between 2013 and 2022. Effects of IVT followed by thrombectomy on favorable functional outcome (defined as modified Rankin scale≤3 at 90 days) and safety were investigated using multivariable logistic and linear regression models.

Results

Of the 588 included patients, 67% (n = 394) were treated with EVT alone and 29% (n = 170) with EVT after IVT, and 4% (n = 24) have missing values on this variable. Controlling for multiple confounding factors, IVT was not associated with a higher likelihood of favorable functional outcome at 90 days (odds ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.52–2.09;
P
= 0.901). Thrombectomy alone did not show any safety advantages compared with those receiving IVT.

Conclusion
Similar functional outcomes and complication rates were seen in patients with posterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion treated with EVT alone versus EVT after IVT. Further prospective studies are required to determine the utility of IVT in posterior circulation stroke, especially in patients being directly admitted to thrombectomy centers.
Can Authorship Attribution Models Distinguish Speakers in Speech Transcripts?
Authors: Aggazzotti Cristina , Andrews Nicholas , Smith Elizabeth Allyn 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Authorship verification is the task of determining if two distinct writing samples share the same author and is typically concerned with the attribution of written text. In this paper, we explore the attribution of transcribed speech, which poses novel challenges. The main challenge is that many stylistic features, such as punctuation and capitalization, are not informative in this setting. On the other hand, transcribed speech exhibits other patterns, such as filler words and backchannels (e.g., um, uh-huh), which may be characteristic of different speakers. We propose a new benchmark for speaker attribution focused on human-transcribed conversational speech transcripts. To limit spurious associations of speakers with topic, we employ both conversation prompts and speakers participating in the same conversation to construct verification trials of varying difficulties. We establish the state of the art on this new benchmark by comparing a suite of neural and non-neural baselines, finding that although written text attribution models achieve surprisingly good performance in certain settings, they perform markedly worse as conversational topic is increasingly controlled. We present analyses of the impact of transcription style on performance as well as the ability of fine-tuning on speech transcripts to improve performance.1
Improvement of Wind Power Prediction by Assimilating Principal Components of Cabin Radar Observations
Authors: Zhang Feimin , Wan Shang , Jin Shuanglong , Wang Hao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Data assimilation is an important approach to improve the prediction performance of near-surface wind and wind power. Based on the four-dimensional variational technique, this study proposes an approach to improve near-surface wind and wind power prediction by extracting and assimilating the principal components of cabin radar radial wind observations installed at wind turbines within a wind farm. The verification for a series of cases under strong and weak vertical wind shear conditions indicates that compared to the simulations without assimilation, the predicted ultra-short-term (0–4 h) mean absolute error of near-surface wind and single turbine wind power could be reduced by 0.09–1.17 m s−1 and 53–209 kW after the assimilation of radial wind directly and by 0.33–1.38 m s−1 and 62–239 kW after the assimilation of principal components. These illustrate that assimilating the principal components of radial wind is superior to assimilating radial wind directly and could obviously reduce prediction error. Further investigation suggests that extracting the principal components of radial wind has marginal influences on the density and distribution of observations, but could obviously reduce the fluctuation of the observations and the correlation among the observations. The prediction improvement by assimilating the principal components of radial wind is essentially due to the assimilation of low-frequency and low-correlation information involved in the observations.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: an enigma
Authors: Ansari Faiz Manzar , Para Sajad Ahmad , Wani Mohammad Saleem , Bhat Arif Hamid , Khawaja Abdul Rouf , Zahir Zafirah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of urinary bladder is a rare entity of genitourinary tract which has baffled urologists worldwide. Sign and symptoms are site specific. Usually diagnosed on the basis of immunohistochemistry findings.

Case presentation
35-year-old female patient presented with gross hematuria since 10 days. Ultrasound revealed a hyperechoic mass from right lateral wall of urinary bladder. Patient was managed with complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry was diagnostic for inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. 2 months post-surgery patient developed recurrence, following which she was managed with partial cystectomy.

Conclusion
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor diagnosis is very challenging because of rarity of the tumor with non-specific presentation, and confirmation is done only by immunohistochemistry. Patients are usually managed with complete resection of tumor with regular follow-up.
RNA-seq validation: software for selection of reference and variable candidate genes for RT-qPCR
Authors: de Brito Márcio Wilson Dias , de Carvalho Stephanie Serafim , Mota Maria Beatriz dos Santos , Mesquita Rafael Dias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is one of the most widely used gene expression analyses for validating RNA-seq data. This technique requires reference genes that are stable and highly expressed, at least across the different biological conditions present in the transcriptome. Reference and variable candidate gene selection is often neglected, leading to misinterpretation of the results.

Results
We developed a software named “Gene Selector for Validation” (GSV), which identifies the best reference and variable candidate genes for validation within a quantitative transcriptome. This tool also filters the candidate genes concerning the RT-qPCR assay detection limit. GSV was compared with other software using synthetic datasets and performed better, removing stable low-expression genes from the reference candidate list and creating the variable-expression validation list. GSV software was used on a real case, an Aedes aegypti transcriptome. The top GSV reference candidate genes were selected for RT-qPCR analysis, confirming that eiF1A and eiF3j were the most stable genes tested. The tool also confirmed that traditional mosquito reference genes were less stable in the analyzed samples, highlighting the possibility of inappropriate choices. A meta-transcriptome dataset with more than ninety thousand genes was also processed successfully.

Conclusion
The GSV tool is a time and cost-effective tool that can be used to select reference and validation candidate genes from the biological conditions present in transcriptomic data.
The burden of atrial fibrillation/flutter in the Middle East and North Africa region and its associated risk factors from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Yaghoubi Mohammad , Roumiani Parvaneh Hamian , Nozari Fateme , Simiyari Saba , Azarboo Alireza , Zadeh Tabatabaei Mahgol Sadat Hassan , Khadembashiri Mohamad Mehdi , Khadembashiri Mohammad Amin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation and flutter (AFF) are the most common cardiac arrhythmias globally, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region face unique challenges in managing cardiovascular diseases, including AFF, due to diverse sociodemographic factors and healthcare infrastructure variability. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the burden of AFF in MENA from 1990 to 2019.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019, a comprehensive source incorporating diverse data inputs. The study collected global, regional, and national Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR), Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR), and Age-Standardized Disability-Adjusted Rate (ASDR), Mortality across sex, age groups, and years. LOESS regression was employed to determine the relationship between age-standardized rates attributed to AFF and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI).

Results
The study found minimal change in ASIR of AFF in MENA from 1990 to 2019, with a slight increase observed in ASMR and ASDR during the same period. Notably, AFF burden was consistently higher in females compared to males, with age showing a direct positive relationship with AFF burden. Iraq, Iran, and Turkey exhibited the highest ASIR, while Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman had the highest ASMR and ASDR in 2019. Conversely, Kuwait, Libya, and Turkey displayed the lowest ASMR and ASDR rates.

Conclusion
This study underscores the persistent burden of AFF in MENA and identifies significant disparities across countries. High systolic blood pressure emerged as a prominent risk factor for mortality in AFF patients. Findings provide crucial insights for policy-making efforts, resource allocation, and intervention strategies aimed at reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases in the MENA region.
A danish healthcare-focused economic evaluation of first-line cryoballoon ablation versus antiarrhythmic drug therapy for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hansen Morten Lock , Moss Joe W. E. , Tønnesen Jacob , Johansen Mette Lundsby , Kuniss Malte , Ismyrloglou Eleni , Andrade Jason , Wazni Oussama , Mealing Stuart , Sale Alicia , Afonso Daniela , Bromilow Tom , Lane Emily , Chierchia Gian Battista 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that first-line cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation decreases atrial tachycardia in patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) compared with antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs). The aim of this study was to develop a cost-effectiveness model (CEM) for first-line cryoablation compared with first-line AADs for the treatment of PAF. The model used a Danish healthcare perspective.

Methods
Individual patient-level data from the Cryo-FIRST, STOP AF and EARLY-AF RCTs were used to parameterise the CEM. The model structure consisted of a hybrid decision tree (one-year time horizon) and a Markov model (40-year time horizon, with a three-month cycle length). Health-related quality of life was expressed in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs and benefits were discounted at 3% per year. Model outcomes were produced using probabilistic sensitivity analysis.

Results
First-line cryoablation is dominant, meaning it results in lower costs (-€2,663) and more QALYs (0.18) when compared to first-line AADs. First-line cryoablation also has a 99.96% probability of being cost-effective, at a cost-effectiveness threshold of €23,200 per QALY gained. Regardless of initial treatment, patients were expected to receive ∼ 1.2 ablation procedures over a lifetime horizon.

Conclusion
First-line cryoablation is both more effective and less costly (i.e. dominant), when compared with AADs for patients with symptomatic PAF in a Danish healthcare system.
The classification algorithms to support the management of the patient with femur fracture
Authors: Scala Arianna , Trunfio Teresa Angela , Improta Giovanni 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEffectiveness in health care is a specific characteristic of each intervention and outcome evaluated. Especially with regard to surgical interventions, organization, structure and processes play a key role in determining this parameter. In addition, health care services by definition operate in a context of limited resources, so rationalization of service organization becomes the primary goal for health care management. This aspect becomes even more relevant for those surgical services for which there are high volumes. Therefore, in order to support and optimize the management of patients undergoing surgical procedures, the data analysis could play a significant role. To this end, in this study used different classification algorithms for characterizing the process of patients undergoing surgery for a femoral neck fracture. The models showed significant accuracy with values of 81%, and parameters such as Anaemia and Gender proved to be determined risk factors for the patient’s length of stay. The predictive power of the implemented model is assessed and discussed in view of its capability to support the management and optimisation of the hospitalisation process for femoral neck fracture, and is compared with different model in order to identify the most promising algorithms. In the end, the support of artificial intelligence algorithms laying the basis for building more accurate decision-support tools for healthcare practitioners.
‘Important, but difficult’: Swedish primary care professionals’ perceptions and experiences of dealing with violence against women: an interview study
Authors: Öhman Ann , Vives -Cases Carmen , Edin Kerstin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Men’s violence against women is a global health problem causing physical, mental, sexual and reproductive ill-health. The World Health Organisation has estimated that every third woman in the world has been exposed to physical and/or sexual violence. Swedish primary care is central for victims of violence, as it is normally the first port of call for seeking healthcare. This requires professional competence on violence, and its causes. It also requires resources for working with violence prevention, disclosure and supportive actions. The aim of this study is to deepen the understanding of how primary care professionals in Sweden deal with violence against women. We analyse their viewpoints, experiences and practices of working with violence as a health problem, and especially if, and if so how, they ask patients about violence.

Methods
A qualitative, explorative research design was adopted. Research interviews were conducted with 18 health professionals at eight primary care clinics. These clinics were located in four different regions, from the south to the north, in large urban areas, middle-size cities and rural areas. The interviews were voice recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interviews.

Results
Three themes, with a total of ten related sub-themes, were developed. These themes are: (a) Varying understandings and explanations of violence against women; (b) The tricky question of asking about violence; and (c) Multiple suggestions for improving primary care’s work with violence against women. The awareness of violence varied considerably, with some practitioners being highly knowledgeable and having integrated violence into their everyday practice, whereas others were less knowledgeable and had not paid much attention to violence. The very naming of violence seemed to be problematic. Several suggestions for improvements at professional, managerial and organisational levels were articulated.

Conclusions
The results shed important light on the professionals’ problems and struggles when dealing with violence against women in primary care. Better support and resources from the healthcare organisation, clearer leadership and more detailed policy would improve and facilitate everyday practice. All of these factors are indispensable for primary care’s work with victims of men’s violence against women.