bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tactility, Traces and Codes: Reassessing timbre in electronic media
Authors: Paiuk Gabriel 
Published: November 2013

This article starts by arguing that in diverse approaches to electronically produced sound in music of recent times a shift in focus has occurred, from the creation of novel sounds to the manipulation of sound materials inherent in a culture of electric and electronic devices of sound production.Within these practices, the use of lo-fi devices, circuit-bending, cracked electronics and a resurfacing of older technologies is coupled with digital technology in a process which emphasises the devices characteristic modes of sound production and artefacts. Electronic sound becomes regarded as embedded on a reservoir of qualities, memories and registers of technologies that inhabit our sound environment.From this starting point our apprehension of technologically produced sound is reassessed, constituted as the crossing of particular conditions of production and reception, cultural traces and codes inherent in the practices and characteristics of media.This perspective lays the ground for a compositional approach that exposes and problematises the interaction of these multiple conditions.
Investigating nearby exoplanets via interstellar radar
Authors: Scheffer Louis K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInterstellar radar is a potential intermediate step between passive observation of exoplanets and interstellar exploratory missions. Compared with passive observation, it has the traditional advantages of radar astronomy. It can measure surface characteristics, determine spin rates and axes, provide extremely accurate ranges, construct maps of planets, distinguish liquid from solid surfaces, find rings and moons, and penetrate clouds. It can do this even for planets close to the parent star. Compared with interstellar travel or probes, it also offers significant advantages. The technology required to build such a radar already exists, radar can return results within a human lifetime, and a single facility can investigate thousands of planetary systems. The cost, although too high for current implementation, is within the reach of Earth's economy.
How do people achieve and remain at a comfortable weight?: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Alsawy Sarah , Mansell Warren 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to examinehow people changein order to achieve and maintain a personally comfortable weight andwhat changesfor them as they change. Six students who changed to achieve and maintain a personally comfortable weight for a minimum of 1 year were recruited. Semi-structured interviews explored participants’ experiences of what changed and how they changed. The interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Two superordinate themes emerged. The first was ‘awareness’ which contained the subthemes: unaware self, revelation, and conscious monitoring and maintenance of awareness. The second was ‘goals and needs’ which contained the subthemes: social-vs. self-acceptance, removing negative emotions, weight controlvs. other life goals, and idealvs. perceived health and appearance. The findings are discussed in relation to the existing literature on the development of eating problems, involving social acceptance, self-esteem, coping with negative moods, and weight control. Perceptual Control Theory was used to provide an explanation for how these participants changed and maintained their change.
An on-chip coupled resonator optical waveguide single-photon buffer
Authors: Takesue Hiroki , Matsuda Nobuyuki , Kuramochi Eiichi , Munro William J. , Notomi Masaya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntegrated quantum optical circuits are now seen as one of the most promising approaches with which to realize single-photon quantum information processing. Many of the core elements for such circuits have been realized, including sources, gates and detectors. However, a significant missing function necessary for photonic quantum information processing on-chip is a buffer, where single photons are stored for a short period of time to facilitate circuit synchronization. Here we report an on-chip single-photon buffer based on coupled resonator optical waveguides (CROW) consisting of 400 high-Q photonic crystal line-defect nanocavities. By using the CROW, a pulsed single photon is successfully buffered for 150 ps with 50-ps tunability while maintaining its non-classical properties. Furthermore, we show that our buffer preserves entanglement by storing and retrieving one photon from a time-bin entangled state. This is a significant step towards an all-optical integrated quantum information processor.
Efficient Spin Injection into Silicon and the Role of the Schottky Barrier
Authors: Dankert André , Dulal Ravi S. , Dash Saroj P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractImplementing spin functionalities in Si and understanding the fundamental processes of spin injection and detection, are the main challenges in spintronics. Here we demonstrate large spin polarizations at room temperature, 34% in n-type and 10% in p-type degenerate Si bands, using a narrow Schottky and a SiO2 tunnel barrier in a direct tunneling regime. Furthermore, by increasing the width of the Schottky barrier in non-degenerate p-type Si, we observed a systematic sign reversal of the Hanle signal in the low bias regime. This dramatic change in the spin injection and detection processes with increased Schottky barrier resistance may be due to a decoupling of the spins in the interface states from the bulk band of Si, yielding a transition from a direct to a localized state assisted tunneling. Our study provides a deeper insight into the spin transport phenomenon, which should be considered for electrical spin injection into any semiconductor.
Similarity increases altruistic punishment in humans
Authors: Mussweiler Thomas , Ockenfels Axel 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Cooperation is a defining characteristic of human social behavior. More than any other species, humans entertain elaborate systems of cooperation that transcend genetic relatedness, geographic proximity, and temporal immediacy. Recent evidence has demonstrated that altruistic punishment is a key behavioral mechanism in the evolution of human cooperation. We show that interpersonal similarity increases reciprocal altruistic punishment. Importantly, this influence of similarity is not explained by group identity, which has the opposite effect on altruistic punishment. These findings illustrate how similarity and altruistic punishment are closely intertwined in encouraging human cooperation. Moreover, because perceived similarity triggers an altruistic response, our result provides a rationale for why similar people are more likely to build stable relationships and groups.
TREM2 governs Kupffer cell activation and explains
belr1
genetic resistance to malaria liver stage infection
Authors: Gonçalves Lígia Antunes , Rodrigues-Duarte Lurdes , Rodo Joana , Vieira de Moraes Luciana , Marques Isabel , Penha-Gonçalves Carlos 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Current efforts in malaria therapeutics and vaccine development include strategies aimed at deterring infection at the liver stage, preventing subsequent clinical complications and malaria transmission. To elucidate response mechanisms operating during liver stage infection, we searched for host genetic factors that control parasite expansion in a mouse model of malaria liver stage resistance. Here we report that the cell surface receptor TREM2 is expressed in innate immune cell types residing in the liver and takes part in a mechanism enabling such cells to control the yield of hepatocyte infection. This work highlights the relevance of innate immunity mechanisms in controlling expansion of the malaria parasite in the liver.
Frequency-specific mechanism links human brain networks for spatial attention
Authors: Daitch Amy L. , Sharma Mohit , Roland Jarod L. , Astafiev Serguei V. , Bundy David T. , Gaona Charles M. , Snyder Abraham Z. , Shulman Gordon L. , Leuthardt Eric C. , Corbetta Maurizio 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Humans have the remarkable ability to flexibly attend to stimuli in the environment and seamlessly shift behaviors, depending on sensory conditions and internal goals. Neuroimaging studies have shown that tasks involving particular cognitive domains consistently recruit specific broadly distributed functional brain networks. A fundamental question in neuroscience is how the brain flexibly manages communication within and between these brain networks, allowing task-relevant regions to interact while minimizing the influence of task-irrelevant activity. In this report we show that low-frequency neuronal oscillations, which reflect fluctuations in neuronal excitability, are modulated selectively within task-relevant, but not -irrelevant brain networks. This modulation of oscillatory activity may coordinate the selective routing of neuronal information within the brain during everyday behavior.
Differential effects of global versus local testosterone on singing behavior and its underlying neural substrate
Authors: Alward Beau A. , Balthazart Jacques , Ball Gregory F. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Steroid hormones coordinate multiple behaviors into a functional response (reproduction, stress). It is easy to assess such coordination when comparing actions in different target tissues but is more of a challenge when numerous functions are combined in the brain. Our study illustrates how steroids act on distinct cell groups to regulate separate components of a testosterone-dependent behavior, learned birdsong. Testosterone in the medial preoptic nucleus (POM) increased singing but not optimal song performance. Moreover, testosterone in the POM enhanced volumes of forebrain regions that control song, presumably reflecting the effect of activity-dependent plasticity. Thus, optimal performance of a complex, learned behavior requires testosterone at multiple loci, and activity and/or transsynaptic influences may stimulate forebrain neuroplasticity.
Exploring network scaling through variations on optimal channel networks
Authors: Briggs Lily A. , Krishnamoorthy Mukkai 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Optimal Channel Networks (OCNs) model the drainage of a river basin through river channels, minimizing the energy expended in draining the basin. At local optima of this energy functional, OCNs accurately model many characteristics of real river networks, and thus are useful in studying river processes such as channel evolution and flooding. Efficient transportation networks have been studied more generally, with application to blood or metabolite distribution networks in organisms as well as to rivers. We extend the OCN model to three dimensions, toward a goal of a better understanding of efficient transportation networks. We focus on the scaling behaviors of several properties, and find that three-dimensional OCNs exhibit predictable scaling behavior similar to that of metabolite distribution networks.
Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP plays a critical role in bacterial invasion during fatal rickettsioses
Authors: Gong Bin , Shelite Thomas , Mei Fang C. , Ha Tuha , Hu Yaohua , Xu Guang , Chang Qing , Wakamiya Maki , Ksiazek Thomas G. , Boor Paul J. , Bouyer Donald H. , Popov Vsevolod L. , Chen Ju , Walker David H. , Cheng Xiaodong 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Our studies combining genetic and pharmacological manipulations provide convincing evidence that exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) 1 plays a critical role in fatal spotted fever group rickettsioses. Inhibition of Epac1 suppresses bacterial adhesion and/or invasion. Most importantly, we show that a small-molecule Epac inhibitor can prevent and suppress rickettsial infection. Our results demonstrate that Epac1-mediated signaling represents a mechanism for host–pathogen interactions and that Epac1 is a potential target for the prevention and treatment of fatal rickettsioses. This is significant from the biodefense viewpoint because it suggests that Epac1 inhibitor can be potentially used as a prophylaxis to thwart initial bacterial infection in the event of a bioterrorism threat.
Quantifying the dynamic interactions between a clathrin-coated pit and cargo molecules
Authors: Weigel Aubrey V. , Tamkun Michael M. , Krapf Diego 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the primary pathway of cargo internalization in mammalian cells. However, little is known about the time-dependent interactions between the endocytic machinery and cargo molecules. Nevertheless, these interactions are known to regulate the maturation of a clathrin-coated pit. In this study, we attain a quantitative understanding of the interactions between clathrin-coated pits and cargo using a combination of imaging techniques, single-molecule tracking, and stochastic modeling. We observe that the binding times of cargo molecules are much shorter than the overall endocytic process, albeit they exhibit a very broad distribution. Our modeling explains the measured statistics of cargo captures and binding times. This work further identifies a mechanism for the large diversity in the dynamic behavior of clathrin structures.
Deep ocean communities impacted by changing climate over 24 y in the abyssal northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Smith Kenneth L. , Ruhl Henry A. , Kahru Mati , Huffard Christine L. , Sherman Alana D. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Global warming is now a well-documented phenomenon that is influencing every aspect of our world, from increased storm intensity to melting of polar ice sheets and rising sea level. The impact of such changes in climate is least known for the deep ocean, which covers over 60% of the earth’s surface. An unprecedented 24-y time series measuring changes in food supply and utilization by benthic communities at 4,000-m depth in the deep northeast Pacific reveal strong connectivity with changing surface ocean conditions, which have broad implications for the global carbon cycle.
Phototropic growth control of nanoscale pattern formation in photoelectrodeposited Se–Te films
Authors: Sadtler Bryce , Burgos Stanley P. , Batara Nicolas A. , Beardslee Joseph A. , Atwater Harry A. , Lewis Nathan S. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Phototropism, in which plants grow toward a source of illumination, uses dynamic feedback between the light source and photosensitive hormones within the plant to direct the curvature of the plant as it grows. In this manuscript, we describe an adaptive inorganic system that dynamically alters its emergent nanoscale morphology in response to changes in the illumination conditions during growth. Phototropic growth control of nanoscale pattern formation in photoelectrodeposited selenium–tellurium films provides the ability to grow nanostructures of entirely different geometries, periods, and directions abruptly on top of one another, and the ability to change the physical growth direction of the material by changing the direction of the incident light beam.
Sleep deprivation increases dorsal nexus connectivity to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in humans
Authors: Bosch Oliver G. , Rihm Julia S. , Scheidegger Milan , Landolt Hans-Peter , Stämpfli Philipp , Brakowski Janis , Esposito Fabrizio , Rasch Björn , Seifritz Erich 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceMajor depressive disorder is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease, affecting 350 million people according to an estimation of the World Health Organization. Today, no valid biomarkers of depression, which could predict the efficacy of a certain treatment in a certain group of patients, exist. Sleep deprivation is an effective and rapid-acting antidepressive treatment. However, the biomechanism of this effect is largely unknown. This study shows the effects of sleep deprivation on human brain functional connectivity alterations via the dorsal nexus, an area which is crucial in major depressive disorder. Here, we offer a neurobiological explanation for the known antidepressive action of sleep deprivation.
Three-dimensional textures and defects of soft material layering revealed by thermal sublimation
Authors: Yoon Dong Ki , Kim Yun Ho , Kim Dae Seok , Oh Seong Dae , Smalyukh Ivan I. , Clark Noel A. , Jung Hee-Tae 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceTechniques that enable direct visualization in three dimensions of internal nanometer- to micrometer-scale structure are highly prized in materials research and engineering. Here, we demonstrate an effective method for the 3D imaging of soft materials, revealing the alignment, textures, and defects in the organization of their internal interfaces: in this case, of a soft crystal and liquid crystal phase. This method employs combinations of quenching and sublimation generating surface topography that reflects the internal structure, exposing it for visualization using standard techniques.
Intrinsic karyotype stability and gene copy number variations may have laid the foundation for tetraploid wheat formation
Authors: Zhang Huakun , Bian Yao , Gou Xiaowan , Dong Yuzhu , Rustgi Sachin , Zhang Bangjiao , Xu Chunming , Li Ning , Qi Bao , Han Fangpu , von Wettstein Diter , Liu Bao 
Published: November 2013

Significance
This paper discusses speciation by allopolyploidy of tetraploid wheat, which in turn is a milestone event in establishing hexaploid bread wheat. The results suggested that karyotype stabilization together with variation in copy number of coding genes and localized changes in genomic repeats may have contributed to the establishment of tetraploid wheat as successful species. These observations are of relevance to the plant-breeding community for developing unique wheat cultivars by wide-hybridization and chromosomal engineering.
Beyond Intensity: Spectral Features Effectively Predict Music-Induced Subjective Arousal
Authors: Gingras Bruno , Marin Manuela M. , Fitch W. Tecumseh 
Published: November 2013

Emotions in music are conveyed by a variety of acoustic cues. Notably, the positive association between sound intensity and arousal has particular biological relevance. However, although amplitude normalization is a common procedure used to control for intensity in music psychology research, direct comparisons between emotional ratings of original and amplitude-normalized musical excerpts are lacking. In this study, 30 nonmusicians retrospectively rated the subjective arousal and pleasantness induced by 84 six-second classical music excerpts, and an additional 30 nonmusicians rated the same excerpts normalized for amplitude. Following the cue-redundancy and Brunswik lens models of acoustic communication, we hypothesized that arousal and pleasantness ratings would be similar for both versions of the excerpts, and that arousal could be predicted effectively by other acoustic cues besides intensity. Although the difference in mean arousal and pleasantness ratings between original and amplitude-normalized excerpts correlated significantly with the amplitude adjustment, ratings for both sets of excerpts were highly correlated and shared a similar range of values, thus validating the use of amplitude normalization in music emotion research. Two acoustic parameters, spectral flux and spectral entropy, accounted for 65% of the variance in arousal ratings for both sets, indicating that spectral features can effectively predict arousal. Additionally, we confirmed that amplitude-normalized excerpts were adequately matched for loudness. Overall, the results corroborate our hypotheses and support the cue-redundancy and Brunswik lens models.
SMN deficiency alters Nrxn2 expression and splicing in zebrafish and mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: See Kelvin , Yadav Preeti , Giegerich Marieke , Cheong Pearl S. , Graf Martin , Vyas Himanshu , Lee Serene G. P. , Mathavan Sinnakaruppan , Fischer Utz , Sendtner Michael , Winkler Christoph 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting lower motor neurons. SMA is caused by mutations in the Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, which result in reduced levels of functional SMN protein. Biochemical studies have linked the ubiquitously expressed SMN protein to the assembly of pre-mRNA processing U snRNPs, raising the possibility that aberrant splicing is a major defect in SMA. Accordingly, several transcripts affected upon SMN deficiency have been reported. A second function for SMN in axonal mRNA transport has also been proposed that may likewise contribute to the SMA phenotype. The underlying etiology of SMA, however, is still not fully understood. Here, we have used a combination of genomics and live Ca2+ imaging to investigate the consequences of SMN deficiency in a zebrafish model of SMA. In a transcriptome analyses of SMN-deficient zebrafish, we identified neurexin2a (nrxn2a) as strongly down-regulated and displaying changes in alternative splicing patterns. Importantly, the knock-down of two distinct nrxn2a isoforms phenocopies SMN-deficient fish and results in a significant reduction of motor axon excitability. Interestingly, we observed altered expression and splicing of Nrxn2 also in motor neurons from the Smn−/−;SMN2+/+ mouse model of SMA, suggesting conservation of nrxn2 regulation by SMN in mammals. We propose that SMN deficiency affects splicing and abundance of nrxn2a. This may explain the pre-synaptic defects at neuromuscular endplates in SMA pathophysiology.
Genome-Wide Association Mapping Combined with Reverse Genetics Identifies New Effectors of Low Water Potential-Induced Proline Accumulation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Verslues Paul E. , Lasky Jesse R. , Juenger Thomas E. , Liu Tzu-Wen , Kumar M. Nagaraj 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) exhibits natural genetic variation in drought response, including varying levels of proline (Pro) accumulation under low water potential. As Pro accumulation is potentially important for stress tolerance and cellular redox control, we conducted a genome-wide association (GWAS) study of low water potential-induced Pro accumulation using a panel of natural accessions and publicly available single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data sets. Candidate genomic regions were prioritized for subsequent study using metrics considering both the strength and spatial clustering of the association signal. These analyses found many candidate regions likely containing gene(s) influencing Pro accumulation. Reverse genetic analysis of several candidates identified new Pro effector genes, including thioredoxins and several genes encoding Universal Stress Protein A domain proteins. These new Pro effector genes further link Pro accumulation to cellular redox and energy status. Additional new Pro effector genes found include the mitochondrial protease LON1, ribosomal protein RPL24A, protein phosphatase 2A subunit A3, a MADS box protein, and a nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase. Several of these new Pro effector genes were from regions with multiple SNPs, each having moderate association with Pro accumulation. This pattern supports the use of summary approaches that incorporate clusters of SNP associations in addition to consideration of individual SNP probability values. Further GWAS-guided reverse genetics promises to find additional effectors of Pro accumulation. The combination of GWAS and reverse genetics to efficiently identify new effector genes may be especially applicable for traits difficult to analyze by other genetic screening methods.