bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the use of adaptive refinement in isogeometric digitalimage correlation
Authors: Kleinendorst S. M. , Hoefnagels J. P. M. , Verhoosel C. V. , Ruybalid A. P. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryA novel global digital image correlation method was developed using adaptive refinement of isogeometric shape functions. Non‐uniform rational B‐spline shape functions are used because of their flexibility and versatility, which enable them to capture a wide range of kinematics. The goal of this work was to explore the full potential of isogeometric shape functions for digital image correlation (DIC). This is reached by combining a global DIC method with an adaptive refinement algorithm: adaptive isogeometric GDIC. The shape functions are automatically adjusted to be able to describe the kinematics of the sought displacement field with an optimized number of degrees of freedom. This results in an accurate method without the need of making problem‐specific choices regarding the structure of the shape functions, which makes the method less user input dependent than regular global DIC methods, while keeping the number of degrees of freedom limited to realize optimum regularization of the ill‐posed DIC problem. The method's accuracy is demonstrated by a virtual experiment with a predefined, highly localized displacement field. Real experiments with a complex sample geometry demonstrate the effectiveness in practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stem cell transplantation before birth – a realistic option for treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta?
Authors: Westgren Magnus , Götherström Cecilia 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized by severe bone deformities, growth retardation and bones that break easily, often from little or no apparent cause. OI is a genetic disorder primarily with defective type I collagen with a wide spectrum of clinical expression. In the more severe cases, it can be diagnosed before birth.Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has the potential to improve the bone structure and stability, growth and fracture healing. Prenatal and postnatal cell transplantation has been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies of OI and suggests that this procedure is safe and has positive effects. Cell transplantation resulted in improved linear growth, mobility and reduced fracture incidence. However, the effect is transient and for this reason re‐transplantation may be needed.So far there is limited experience in this area, and proper studies are required to accurately determine if MSC transplantation is of clinical benefit in the treatment of OI. In this review, we summarize what is currently known in this field. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Machine prepared thermoplastic polyurethanes of varying hard segment content: Morphology and its evolution in tensile tests
Authors: Stribeck Almut , Jokari‐Sheshdeh Farhad , Pöselt Elmar , Eling Berend , in't Veld Pieter J. , Goerigk Günter Johannes , Hoell Armin 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTMachine‐cast thermoplastic polyurethanes are strained and monitored by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). They are prepared from 4,4′‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, 1,4‐butane diol, and polytetrahydrofuran. Upon stretching hard domains are destroyed. Most stable are the domains of materials with a hard‐domain content (HSC) of 30%. Domain stability decreases with increasing HSC and crosslinking. Most materials show stability up to a strain 0.6. At higher strain, the apparent long period decreases for the materials with HSC = 30%. Correlated hard domains, the “strain probes” relax as others are destroyed. The fraction of relaxing probes and their ultimate relaxation decrease with increasing HSC. Chord distribution functions computed from the SAXS exhibit the same sequence of static long‐period bands. The band positions form a Fibonacci series, related to the underlying polyaddition process. This indicates a nearly quasicrystalline arrangement of stringed hard domains, identified as the strain probes of the discrete SAXS. At strains <0.6, the probes experience half of the macroscopic strain, which reflects hard‐domain rigidity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2015,53, 1213–1223
Critical fluctuations and static inhomogeneities in polymer gel volume phase transitions
Authors: Habicht Axel , Schmolke Willi , Goerigk Günter , Lange Frank , Saalwächter Kay , Ballauff Matthias , Seiffert Sebastian 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThermoresponsive polymer gels exhibit pronounced swelling and deswelling upon changes in temperature, accompanied by dynamic concentration fluctuations that have been interpreted as critical opalescence. These fluctuations span lengthscales similar to that of static structures in the gels, such as the gel polymer‐network meshsize (1–10 nm) and static polymer‐network crosslinking inhomogeneities (10–1000 nm). To systematically investigate this overlay, we use droplet‐based microfluidics and fabricate submillimeter‐sized gel particles with varying static heterogeneity, as revealed on a molecular scale by proton NMR. When these microgels are probed by small‐angle neutron scattering, the detection of dynamic fluctuations during the volume phase transitions is strongly perturbed by the co‐existing static inhomogeneity. Depending of the type of data analysis employed, the temperature‐dependent evolution of the correlation length associated to the dynamic fluctuations does or does not agree with predictions by the critical scaling theory. Only the most homogeneous sample of this study, prepared by controlled polymer crosslinking in droplet microfluidics, shows a diverging correlation length in agreement to the critical scaling theory independent of the specific approach of data analysis. These findings suggest that care must be taken about polymer‐network heterogeneity when gel volume phase transitions are evaluated as critical phenomena. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1112–1122
Micromechanical fast quasi‐static detection of α and β relaxations with nanograms of polymer
Authors: Bose Sanjukta , Schmid Silvan , Larsen Tom , Sylvest Keller Stephan , Boisen Anja , Almdal Kristoffer 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTMicromechanical string resonators are used as a highly sensitive tool for the detection of glass transition (Tg or α relaxation) and sub‐Tg (β relaxation) temperatures of polystyrene (PS) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The characterization technique allows for a fast detection of mechanical relaxations of polymers with only few nanograms of sample in a quasi‐static condition. The polymers are spray coated on one side of silicon nitride (SiN) microstrings. These are pre‐stressed suspended structures clamped on both ends to a silicon frame. The resonance frequency of the microstrings is then monitored as a function of increasing temperature. α and β relaxations in the polymer affect the net static tensile stress of the microstring and result in measureable local frequency slope maxima. Tg of PS and PMMA is detected at 91 ±2°C and 114 ±2°C, respectively. The results match well with the glass transition values of 93.6°C and 114.5°C obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of PS and PMMA, respectively. The β relaxation temperatures are detected at 30 ± 2°C and 33 ± 2°C for PS and PMMA which is in accordance with values reported in literature. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1035–1039
Exploring proteome‐wide occurrence of clusters of charged residues in eukaryotes
Authors: Belmabrouk Sabrine , Kharrat Najla , Benmarzoug Riadh , Rebai Ahmed 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTClusters of charged residues are one of the key features of protein primary structure since they have been associated to important functions of proteins. Here, we present a proteome wide scan for the occurrence of Charge Clusters in Protein sequences using a new search tool (FCCP) based on a score‐based methodology. The FCCP was run to search charge clusters in seven eukaryotic proteomes: Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, Danio rerio, Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that negative charge clusters (NCCs) are three to four times more frequent than positive charge clusters (PCCs). The Drosophila proteome is on average the most charged, whereas the human proteome is the least charged. Only 3 to 8% of the studied protein sequences have negative charge clusters, while 1.6 to 3% having PCCs and only 0.07 to 0.6% have both types of clusters. NCCs are localized predominantly in the N‐terminal and C‐terminal domains, while PCCs tend to be localized within the functional domains of the protein sequences. Furthermore, the gene ontology classification revealed that the protein sequences with negative and PCCs are mainly binding proteins. Proteins 2015; 83:1252–1261. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Social Relationships and Relationships in Context: Post‐Accession Poles in Southampton
Authors: McGhee Derek , Travena Paulina , Heath Sue 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this article, we examine post‐accession Poles' shifting identity practices through the lens of their attitudes to other Poles in a high‐density post‐accession Polish migration destination, namely the city of Southampton on England's south coast. We examine the impact of human capital (in this instance, we will focus on their ability to speak English) and the extent of their social capital (focusing on the restrictions based on their communicative competence with non‐Polish groups and their particular trust issues associated with compatriots). We contextualise our findings in other research on post‐accession Poles in London, Glasgow, the Midlands of England, the North of England, the Netherlands, Norway, and Brussels, thus drawing together common themes from a wide body of evidence. Through examining biographical data focusing on the everyday lives of our participants, we were able to explore the impact of context on their presentation of their identities and relational practices. By so doing, we exposed the interplay of a range of intersecting factors that result in many of our participants leading restrictive and restricted lives. © 2015 The Authors Population, Space and Place Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Place Attachment and Social Ties – Migrants and Natives in Three Urban Settings in Vienna
Authors: Kohlbacher Josef , Reeger Ursula , Schnell Philipp 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWith ongoing immigration from ‘all over the world’, European cities are realising that the local level is gaining importance as a setting for interethnic coexistence. In this article, we investigate the attachment of migrants and natives to their local context in three neighbourhoods (one better‐off, two more deprived) in Vienna that differ in contextual, structural, and socio‐economic characteristics. We ask how the place attachment of natives and migrants is related to weak and strong social ties. In all three neighbourhoods, we found a majority of residents reported high or medium levels of attachment proving that urban neighbourhoods are still important contexts for local residents. A closer look revealed differences across groups and research areas: The strongest place attachment is displayed by natives in the middle‐class area of Laudongasse, with migrants being significantly less attached, but still more than migrants (and natives) in the two deprived settings. In social housing (Am Schöpfwerk), migrants are more attached than natives, whereas in Ludo‐Hartmann‐Platz, the difference is not significant. The first result is that obviously deprivation reduces individual place attachment. In contrast to previous studies we found that socio‐demographic factors are not relevant, it is social contacts that are important in explaining local attachment. For natives and migrants alike, close ties in the neighbourhood raise local attachment. Small talks are relevant for migrants but not for natives. This is in line with previous studies emphasising the special relevance of weak ties for migrants in supporting the integration process in a new environment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Place for Integration: Refugee Experiences in Two English Cities
Authors: Platts‐Fowler Deborah , Robinson David 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper seeks to inject an appreciation of place into analysis of refugee integration. A framework of integration sensitive to interactions between people and places is operationalised to facilitate the systematic comparison of the refugee integration process in different places. In particular, this paper explores variations in key indicators of integration within a cohort of refugees arriving into the UK from the same country of origin (Iraq), at the same time, granted the same legal status and afforded a similar package of support and assistance but settled in two cities in England (Hull and Sheffield). Variations in the integration experiences of refugees in the two cities are spotlighted and related to the contextual, compositional, and collective aspects of the places into which they were settled. The findings highlight the importance of recognising that refugee integration is grounded and embodied in space and place and that despite proceeding under the same general operative processes, can evolve in distinctive ways in different places. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Cultural Panic in the Province? Counterurban Mobilities, Creativity, and Crisis in Greece
Authors: Gkartzios Menelaos , Scott Karen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the link between counterurban mobilities and a potential emergent cultural economy in rural locations, associated with the economic crisis in Greece. Drawing on a quantitative survey of Athenian residents and qualitative interviews with counterurban migrants, we observe that in the context of the economic crisis in Greece, many urban‐based households have relocated or seek to relocate to the Greek province, creating perhaps a new paradigm for conceptualising rural mobilities and their associated transformations. In that regard, we observe that counterurban mobilities are linked with changing cultural mobilities and phenomena including a new wave of ideas and creative activities (characterised by voluntarism and collectivism) and a shift in the patterns of cultural consumption. Therefore, we stress the need for a reconceptualising of counterurban mobilities in this context and highlight the need for more research that explores the role of creative expression and activity in times of crisis, particularly in the context of supporting the opportunities that an organically triggered rural cultural economy may offer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fire design methods for slim‐floor structures
Authors: Romero Manuel L. , Cajot Louis‐Guy , Conan Yves , Braun Matthias 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSlim‐floor beams are well‐known, sustainable and economical solutions for residential, commercial and industrial buildings. However, despite their widespread use, Eurocode 4 contains no specific simplified calculation methods for the fire resistance of integrated and shallow floor beams. There is a clear need for an improved understanding of the performance of structures in fire plus clear and cost‐effective design guidance. This paper presents a set of simplified rules for determining thermal fields in the lower flange, web, rebars and slab of slim or integrated floor beams. This calculation methodology is based on existing formulas taken from different parts of Eurocode 4 except for the temperature calculation in the lower flange, which is deduced from a parametrical study using the SAFIR software.
Slim‐floor construction – design for ultimate limit state
Authors: Lam Dennis , Dai Xianghe , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Raichle Jochen , Braun Matthias 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the design method for slim‐floor construction that comprises a steel beam and a concrete or composite floor slab in which the beam is integrated within the depth of the slab. The slabs are either supported on a plate attached to the bottom flange or the bottom flange of the beam itself. The main design parameters and load transfer mechanisms are discussed. Plastic analysis has been adopted for the design of the bending capacity at the ultimate load condition and the design procedures described are in accordance with the principles given in Eurocode 4. Attention is paid to the type of shear connection between steel and concrete.
Accuracy of ultrasound in antenatal diagnosis of placental attachment disorders
Authors: Pilloni E. , Alemanno M. G. , Gaglioti P. , Sciarrone A. , Garofalo A. , Biolcati M. , Botta G. , Viora E. , Todros T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of placenta accreta and its variants, and to assess the impact of prenatal diagnosis in our population.MethodsA total of 314 women with placenta previa were enrolled prospectively and underwent transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound examinations. An ultrasound diagnosis (grayscale and color/power Doppler) of placental attachment disorder (PAD) was based on the detection of at least two of the following (‘two‐criteria system’): loss/irregularity of the retroplacental clear zone, thinning/interruption of the uterine serosa–bladder wall interface, turbulent placental lacunae with high velocity flow, myometrial thickness < 1 mm, increased vascularity of the uterine serosa–bladder wall interface, loss of vascular arch parallel to the basal plate and/or irregular intraplacental vascularization. Definitive diagnosis was made at delivery by Cesarean section. Maternal outcome in cases diagnosed antenatally was compared with that in cases diagnosed at delivery.ResultsThere were 37/314 cases of PAD (29 anterior and eight posterior). The two‐criteria system identified 30 cases of placenta accreta, providing a sensitivity of 81.1% and specificity of 98.9%. When anterior and posterior placentae were considered separately, the detection rates of PAD were 89.7 and 50.0%, respectIvely. Maternal outcome was better in women with prenatal diagnosis of PAD, as seen by less blood loss and shorter hospitalization.ConclusionsOur data confirmed that grayscale and color Doppler ultrasound have good performance in the diagnosis of PAD and that prenatal diagnosis improves maternal outcome. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Development and validation of a tool incorporating quantitative fetal fibronectin to predict spontaneous preterm birth in symptomatic women
Authors: Kuhrt K. , Hezelgrave N. , Foster C. , Seed P. T. , Shennan A. H. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo develop a reliable and validated tool for prediction of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in symptomatic women that incorporates quantitative measurements of fetal fibronectin (qfFN) and other relevant risk factors.MethodsData were analyzed that had been collected prospectively from 382 women who presented at an emergency assessment unit between 22 + 0 and 35 + 6 weeks' gestation with symptoms of preterm labor. Clinicians were blinded to qfFN although they were aware of qualitative fFN results. Parametric survival models for sPTB, with time‐updated covariates, were developed for combinations of predictors and the best was selected using the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. The model was developed on the first 190 consecutive women and validated on the subsequent 192. The estimated probability of delivery before 30, 34 or 37 weeks' gestation and within 2 or 4 weeks of testing was calculated for each patient and was compared to actual event rates. Predictive statistics were calculated to compare training and validation sets.ResultsThe final model that was selected used qfFN and previous sPTB/preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) as predictors. Predictive statistics were similar for training and validation sets and there was good agreement between expected and observed sPTB for all outcomes. Areas under the receiver–operating characteristics curves ranged from 0.77 to 0.88, indicating accurate prediction across all five delivery outcomes.ConclusionssPTB in symptomatic women can be predicted accurately using a model combining qfFN and previous sPTB/PPROM. Clinicians can use this model, which has been incorporated into an App (QUiPP), to determine accurately a woman's risk of sPTB and potentially tailor management decisions appropriately. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Stable Heterometallic CuII‐BaII‐2,5‐Thiophenedicarboxylate Framework with High Capacity for Light Hydrocarbons
Authors: Xing Guang'en , Zhang Yan , Zhang Sufang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe heterometallic CuII‐BaII coordination polymer, namely [CuBa(tdc)2(H2O)(DMF)]n (1) (H2tdc = 2,5‐thiophenedicarboxylic acid, DMF = N,N′‐dimethylformamide), was solvothermally synthesized by the reaction of H2tdc, CuCl2·2H2O, and Ba(NO3)2. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 features a 3D intricate framework with the 1D channels occupied by the coordinated solvent molecules. After removing the coordinated solvent molecules, the desolvated samples of 1a exhibit high capacity for light hydrocarbons.
Stability of Emulsions Containing Interesterified Fats Based on Mutton Tallow and Walnut Oil
Authors: Kowalska Malgorzata , Zbikowska Anna , Tarnowska Katarzyna 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this work, modified fats were produced by enzymatic interesterification of mutton tallow with walnut oil. As a result of forcing the fat hydrolysis process by addition of water to the enzymatic preparation (11.5, 13.0, 14.5, 16.0 wt %), additional levels of polar fractions (MAGs, DAGs, and FFAs) were observed. The aim of this work was to evaluate the stability of emulsions of modified fats containing natural emulsifiers resulting from enzymatic interesterification of mutton tallow with walnut oil. The physical‐chemical parameters of obtained fats were determined in this study. Using several methods, the stability of the formed emulsions was also evaluated. The results showed that the fats resulting from interesterification in the presence of Lipozyme RM IM (immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei, Novozymes Bagsvaerd, Denmark) with 13.0, 14.5, and 16.0 wt % of water in the enzymatic preparation could form stable emulsion systems. On the other hand, the emulsion of the interesterification system where the amount of water in the enzymatic preparation was 11.5 % showed very low stability. The number of natural emulsifiers (MAGs and DAGs) that arose after interesterification was insufficient to stabilize the emulsion system. The work has shown the possibility of using interesterified fats as the fat phase. Emulsions formed on the basis of interesterified fats without any additional emulsifiers such as sunflower lecithin had properties comparable to emulsions containing mixed non‐interesterified fat containing additional emulsifier. The natural emulsifiers formed as part of enzymatic interesterification allow formation of stable emulsion systems.