bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of individual sensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to cetuximab by short‐term culture of tumor slices
Authors: Peria Marine , Donnadieu Jérôme , Racz Caroline , Ikoli Jean‐Fortuné , Galmiche Antoine , Chauffert Bruno , Page Cyril 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundCetuximab is a targeted therapy with demonstrated efficacy in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, no laboratory assay is available to predict its efficacy in an individual patient.MethodsShort‐term cultures of tumor slices were performed on 9 tumor samples obtained after surgical resection in patients. Cancer cell proliferation was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and the impact of cetuximab on cell proliferation was examined.ResultsTumor architecture and the heterogeneous composition of HNSCC were preserved for at least 48 hours during short‐term culture of tumor slices. HNSCC cells demonstrated a heterogeneous individual response to cetuximab.ConclusionShort‐term culture of tumor slices is a strategy to estimate the clinical activity of cetuximab in individual patients with HNSCC. Further studies are required to correlate the results obtained with the clinical response of individual patients to cetuximab. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E911–E915, 2016
Getting personal: Head and neck cancer management in the era of genomic medicine
Authors: Birkeland Andrew C. , Uhlmann Wendy R. , Brenner J. Chad , Shuman Andrew G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundGenetic testing is rapidly becoming an important tool in the management of patients with head and neck cancer. As we enter the era of genomics and personalized medicine, providers should be aware of testing options, counseling resources, and the benefits, limitations, and future of personalized therapy.MethodsThis article offers a primer to assist clinicians treating patients in anticipating and managing the inherent practical and ethical challenges of cancer care in the genomic era.ResultsClinical applications of genomics for head and neck cancer are emerging. We discuss the indications for genetic testing, types of testing available, implications for care, privacy/disclosure concerns, and ethical considerations. Hereditary genetic syndromes associated with head and neck neoplasms are reviewed, and online genetics resources are provided.ConclusionThis article summarizes and contextualizes the evolving diagnostic and therapeutic options that impact the care of patients with head and neck cancer in the genomic era. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2250–E2258, 2016
Where's the Rhetoric?
Authors: Rives Ashley , Olsen Allison Wynhoff 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAt the university level, rhetoric dominates conversations surrounding writing pedagogy, yet preservice English language arts teachers are not typically instructed to teach rhetorically. Although the stated exigence of the Common Core State Standards is to prepare students to be college and career ready, this analysis suggests misalignment. This research analyzed howrhetoricis used in the Common Core and how the Standards indicate what is necessary for writing in college. Findings indicate thatrhetoricis used implicitly rather than explicitly and as a tool rather than a theory. The Common Core also promotes a progression of prescriptive writing tasks, a language of power, and a preference for logic over emotion. Rather than promote readiness, the Standards perpetuate the gap between secondary and postsecondary writing experiences.
Distinguishing Foeniculum vulgare fruit from two adulterants by combination of microscopy and GC–MS analysis
Authors: Ma Xiao‐Dong , Mao Wen‐Wen , Zhou Ping , Li Ping , Li Hui‐Jun 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTFoeniculum vulgare fruit (FVF) is a widely used traditional medicine. However, two adulterants, namely Anethum graveolens fruit (AGF) and Cuminum cyminum fruit (CCF), have been found in use as FVF in China owing to similar appearance and odor. For the purpose of accurate differentiation of the three herbal medicines, extensive anatomical examination and chemical profiling were conducted. Using light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, the macroscopic and microscopic features of the three species were compared. It was found that some microscopic characteristics, including transverse shape of mericarp, presence or absence of reticulate cells and non‐glandular hairs, as well as fluorescence of endocarp, were of diagnostic significance. Moreover, essential oils were qualitatively and semi‐quantitatively analyzed using GC–MS. The analytical results indicated significant chemical variations in different species: in FVF, trans‐anethole (83.20%) was the predominant volatile compound followed by estragole (5.03%) and limonene (3.45%), while in AGF, the first, second and third compounds with highest content were carvone (42.58%), apiol (20.76%) and limonene (20.32%), and in CCF were cuminlaldehyde (36.00%), 2‐caren‐10‐al (23.25%) and γ‐terpinene (9.65%), respectively. In conclusion, the proposed light microscopy coupled with fluorescence microscopy and/or GC–MS analysis allowed successful distinguishing FVF from AGF and CCF. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:633–641, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of Oncentra® Brachy IPSA and graphical optimisation techniques: a case study of HDR brachytherapy head and neck and prostate plans
Authors: Jameson Michael G. , Ohanessian Lucy , Batumalai Vikneswary , Patel Virendra , Holloway Lois C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThere are a number of different dwell positions and time optimisation options available in the Oncentra® Brachy (Elekta Brachytherapy Solutions, Veenendaal, The Netherlands) brachytherapy treatment planning system. The purpose of this case study was to compare graphical (GRO) and inverse planning by simulated annealing (IPSA) optimisation techniques for interstitial head and neck (HN) and prostate plans considering dosimetry, modelled radiobiology outcome and planning time. Four retrospective brachytherapy patients were chosen for this study, two recurrent HN and two prostatic boosts. Manual GRO and IPSA plans were generated for each patient. Plans were compared using dose–volume histograms (DVH) and dose coverage metrics including; conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI) and conformity number (CN). Logit and relative seriality models were used to calculate tumour control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). Approximate planning time was also recorded. There was no significant difference between GRO and IPSA in terms of dose metrics with mean CI of 1.30 and 1.57 (P > 0.05) respectively. IPSA achieved an average HN TCP of 0.32 versus 0.12 for GRO while for prostate there was no significant difference. Mean GRO planning times were greater than 75 min while average IPSA planning times were less than 10 min. Planning times for IPSA were greatly reduced compared to GRO and plans were dosimetrically similar. For this reason, IPSA makes for a useful planning tool in HN and prostate brachytherapy.
Estimating spatial patterns of air temperature at building‐resolving spatial resolution in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Yi Chaeyeon , Kim Kyu Rang , An Seung Man , Choi Young‐Jean , Holtmann Achim , Jänicke Britta , Fehrenbach Ute , Scherer Dieter 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe thermal environment in urban areas is substantially influenced by local surface properties and their modification through human activities. The effects of urban climate on human health are one of the motivations for the development of various urban climate analysis tools. Climate Analysis Seoul (CAS) is a tool that incorporates a meso‐scale atmospheric model and conceptual geographic information system (GIS)‐based models to provide gridded air temperature deviations based on high‐resolution land cover information. The CAS output was evaluated using air temperatures observed at 18 automatic weather stations (AWS) located in the detail region (DR) Eunpyeong. Correlation analyses were performed to reveal the influence of different land cover characteristics and CAS output variables on measured air temperature deviations. Based on the results of the correlation analyses in the study region (SR) Seoul, a regression model (total air temperature distribution, TD′) was developed. It predicts spatially distributed air temperatures based on morphological parameters and an observed reference temperature. Using the TD′ model, maps of daily maximum air temperatures were produced for the entire area of Seoul with a horizontal resolution of 25 m, and of 5 m for the DR, the latter allows to assess the impacts of different building and vegetation structures on air temperature by resolving buildings. The TD′ model was evaluated using measurements at eight AWS. The TD′ model slightly overestimated daily maximum air temperatures in 2007 and 2011, but performed better for 2011, mainly because land cover data represent the final state of the urban development. The TD′ model appears to be a suitable tool for estimating air temperature distributions at building‐resolving resolutions. It can be used to assess changes in the thermal environment and heat‐related hazards through urban development plans already ahead of their realization.
Robust and high resolution hyperpolarized metabolic imaging of the rat heart at 7 t with 3d spectral‐spatial EPI
Authors: Miller Jack J. , Lau Angus Z. , Teh Irvin , Schneider Jürgen E. , Kinchesh Paul , Smart Sean , Ball Vicky , Sibson Nicola R. , Tyler Damian J. 
Published: May 2015

PurposeHyperpolarized metabolic imaging has the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and management of diseases where metabolism is dysregulated, such as heart disease. We investigated the feasibility of imaging rodent myocardial metabolism at high resolution at 7 T.MethodsWe present here a fly‐back spectral‐spatial radiofrequency pulse that sidestepped maximum gradient strength requirements and enabled high resolution metabolic imaging of the rodent myocardium. A 3D echo‐planar imaging readout followed, with centric ordered z‐phase encoding. The cardiac gated sequence was used to image metabolism in rodents whose metabolic state had been manipulated by being fasted, fed, or fed and given the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate.ResultsWe imaged hyperpolarized metabolites with a spatial resolution of
mm3 and a temporal resolution of 1.8 s in the rat heart at 7 T. Significant differences in myocardial pyruvate dehydrogenase flux were observed between the three groups of animals, concomitant with the known biochemistry.ConclusionThe proposed sequence was able to image in vivo metabolism with excellent spatial resolution in the rat heart. The field of view enabled the simultaneous multi‐organ acquisition of metabolic information from the rat, which is of great utility for preclinical research in cardiovascular disease. Magn Reson Med 000:000–000, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Magn Reson Med 75:1515–1524, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance.
Contribution of the external urethral sphincter to urinary void size in unanesthetized unrestrained rats
Authors: LaPallo Brandon K. , Wolpaw Jonathan R. , Chen Xiang Yang , Carp Jonathan S. 
Published: May 2015

AimsIn anesthetized rats, voiding is typically associated with phasic activation (bursting) of the external urethral sphincter (EUS). During spontaneous voiding in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats, EUS bursting is the most common form of EUS activity exhibited, but it is not necessary for productive voiding to occur. The aim of the present study was to determine which aspects of EUS activity contributed to void size during bursting and non‐bursting voiding in conscious, freely moving rats.MethodsFemale rats were implanted with electrodes adjacent to the EUS for recording electromyographic activity (EMG). EUS EMG recordings were performed during 24‐hr sessions in a metabolic cage while voided urine was continuously collected and weighed.ResultsVoid size was positively correlated with the duration of the intra‐burst silent and active periods and variables reflecting the overall intensity and duration of bursting, particularly at lower frequencies within the 3‐10 Hz range of EUS bursting. In addition, void size was inversely related to the frequency of bursting and to the average EMG amplitude during voiding, both in voids with and without bursting.ConclusionsEUS bursting contributes to productive voiding when bursting is present. Lower bursting frequencies elicit more productive voiding than do higher frequencies. In the absence of bursting, the association of increased void size with smaller average EUS EMG amplitude suggests that conscious rats can perform synergic voiding (i.e., bladder contraction with EUS relaxation) that is comparable to that seen in humans and other typically non‐bursting species.Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:696–702, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computing stress intensity factors for curvilinear cracks
Authors: Chiaramonte Maurizio M. , Shen Yongxing , Keer Leon M. , Lew Adrian J. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe use of the interaction integral to compute stress intensity factors around a crack tip requires selecting an auxiliary field and a material variation field. We formulate a family of these fields accounting for the curvilinear nature of cracks that, in conjunction with a discrete formulation of the interaction integral, yield optimally convergent stress intensity factors. In particular, we formulate three pairs of auxiliary and material variation fields chosen to yield a simple expression of the interaction integral for different classes of problems. The formulation accounts for crack face tractions and body forces. Distinct features of the fields are their ease of construction and implementation. The resulting stress intensity factors are observed converging at a rate that doubles that of the stress field. We provide a sketch of the theoretical justification for the observed convergence rates and discuss issues such as quadratures and domain approximations needed to attain such convergent behavior. Through two representative examples, a circular arc crack and a loaded power function crack, we illustrate the convergence rates of the computed stress intensity factors. The numerical results also show the independence of the method from the size of the domain of integration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Picking Out Logic Operations in a Naphthalene β‐Diketone Derivative by Using Molecular Encapsulation, Controlled Protonation, and DNA Binding
Authors: Yousuf Sameena , Alex Ritty , Selvakumar Paulraj Mosae , Enoch Israel V. M. V. , Subramanian Palani Sivagnana , Sun Yu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOn–off switching and molecular logic in fluorescent molecules are associated with what chemical inputs can do to the structure and dynamics of these molecules. Herein, we report the structure of a naphthalene derivative, the fashion of its binding to β‐cyclodextrin and DNA, and the operation of logic possible using protons, cyclodextrin, and DNA as chemical inputs. The compound crystallizes out in a keto‐amine form, with intramolecular N−H⋅⋅⋅O bonding. It shows stepwise formation of 1:1 and 1:2 inclusion complexes with β‐cyclodextrin. The aminopentenone substituents are encapsulated by β‐cyclodextrin, leaving out the naphthalene rings free. The binding constant of the β‐cyclodextrin complex is 512 m−1. The pKa value of the guest molecule is not greatly affected by the complexation. Dual input logic operations, based on various chemical inputs, lead to the possibility of several molecular logic gates, namely NOR, XOR, NAND, and Buffer. Such chemical inputs on the naphthalene derivative are examples of how variable signal outputs based on binding can be derived, which, in turn, are dependent on the size and shape of the molecule.
Preparation and Performance of Nano HMX/TNT Cocrystals
Authors: Li Hequn , An Chongwei , Guo Wenjian , Geng Xiaoheng , Wang Jingyu , Xu Wenzheng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCocrystals of 1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) and 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) with high energy and low sensitivity were obtained by a spray drying method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy (FT‐Raman) were used to characterize the raw materials and cocrystals. Impact sensitivity and thermal decomposition properties of the cocrystals were tested and analyzed. The results show that microparticles prepared by the spray drying method are spherical in shape and 1–10 μm in size. The particles are aggregates of many tiny cocrystals, ranging from 50 nm to 200 nm. The formation of cocrystals originates from the NO⋅⋅⋅H hydrogen bonding between NO2 (HMX) and CH3 (TNT). Compared with raw HMX, the impact sensitivity of the cocrystals reduces obviously and it is much harder to decompose the cocrystal thermally.
Laboratory‐Scale Method for Estimating Explosive Performance from Laser‐Induced Shock Waves
Authors: Gottfried Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA new laboratory‐scale method for predicting explosive performance (e.g., detonation velocity and pressure) based on milligram quantities of material is demonstrated. This technique is based on schlieren imaging of the shock wave generated in air by the formation of a laser‐induced plasma on the surface of an energetic material residue. The shock wave from each laser ablation event is tracked for more than 100 μs using a high‐speed camera. A suite of conventional energetic materials including DNAN, TNT, HNS, TATB, NTO, PETN, RDX, HMX, and CL‐20 was used to develop calibration curves relating the characteristic shock velocity for each energetic material to several detonation parameters. A strong linear correlation between the laser‐induced shock velocity and the measured performance from full‐scale detonation testing has been observed. The Laser‐induced Air Shock from Energetic Materials (LASEM) method was validated using nitrocellulose, FOX‐7, nano‐RDX, three military formulations, and three novel high‐nitrogen explosives currently under development. This method is a potential screening tool for the development of new energetic materials and formulations prior to larger‐scale detonative testing. The main advantages are the small quantity of material required (a few milligrams or less per laser shot), the ease with which hundreds of measurements per day can be obtained, and the ability to estimate explosive performance without detonating the material (reducing cost and safety requirements).
Higher‐order sliced inverse regressions
Authors: Ding Shanshan , Cook R. Dennis 
Published: May 2015

With the advancement of modern technology, array‐valued data are often encountered in application. Such data can exhibit both high dimensionality and complex structures. Traditional methods for sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) are generally inefficient for array‐valued data as they cannot adequately capture the underlying structure. In this article, we discuss recently developed higher‐order approaches to SDR for regressions with matrix‐ or array‐valued predictors, with a special focus on sliced inverse regressions. These methods can reduce an array‐valued predictor's multiple dimensions simultaneously without losing much/any information for prediction and classification. We briefly discuss the implementation procedure for each method. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:249–257. doi: 10.1002/wics.1354This article is categorized under:

Algorithms and Computational Methods > Algorithms
Data: Types and Structure > Image and Spatial Data
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Surface and subsurface characterisation in micro-milling of monocrystalline silicon
Authors: Huo Dehong , Lin Chao , Choong Zi Jie , Pancholi Ketan , Degenaar Patrick 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation on surface and subsurface characterisation of micro-machined single-crystal silicon with (100) orientation. Full immersion slot milling was conducted using solid cubic boron nitride (CBN) and diamond-coated fine grain tungsten carbide micro-end mills with a uniform tool diameter of 0.5 mm. The micro-machining experiments were carried out on an ultra-precision micro-machining centre. Formal design of experiments (DoE) techniques were applied to design and analysis of the machining process. Surface roughness, edge chipping formation and subsurface residual stress under varying machining conditions were characterised using white light interferometry, SEM and Raman microspectroscopy. Tens of nanometre-level surface roughness can be achieved under the certain machining conditions, and influences of variation of cutting parameters including cutting speeds, feedrate and axial depth of cut on surface roughness were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. Raman microspectroscopy studies show that compressive subsurface residual stress and amorphous phase transformation were observed on most of the micro-machined subsurface, which provides evidence of ductile mode cutting. Surface and subsurface characterisation studies show that the primary material removal mode is ductile or partial ductile using lower feedrate for both tools, and diamond-coated tools can produce better surface quality. Silicon brain implants were fabricated with good dimensional accuracy and edge quality using the optimised machining conditions, which demonstrated that micro-milling is an effective process for fabrication of silicon components at a few tens to a few hundreds of micron scale.
Examining the Role of Securement and Dressing Products to Prevent Central Venous Access Device Failure: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ullman Amanda J. , Cooke Marie , Rickard Claire M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjective: To describe the underpinning principles involved in central venous access device (CVAD) securement and dressing products to prevent CVAD failure and complications through a synthesis of research studies.Background: Functional, dependable CVADs are a necessary part of patient care. Dressing and securement products are used to prevent CVAD failure and complications, but there is a large variety of products available for clinicians to access, with variable effectiveness.Methods: A narrative review of studies describing the mechanisms for CVAD securement and dressing products to prevent failure and complication was undertaken. After a systematic search, 20 clinical and laboratory studies were included in the review.Discussion: The major mechanisms by which CVAD dressing and securement products prevent failure are providing a barrier to microbial contamination and motion reduction. CVAD securement and dressing products provide these functions using coating, adhesion, antimicrobial properties, absorbency, and moisture vapor transmission without causing irritation to skin and maintaining visibility of the insertion site. The complexity of patients requiring CVAD securement and dressing means that universal recommendations across CVAD populations and broad generalization of studies from single populations (eg, intensive care) or devices (eg, peripherally inserted central catheters) are ill advised.Conclusions: CVAD securement and dressing products provide important, multifaceted functions to prevent CVAD failure and complication.