bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histomorphometric outcomes after lateral sinus floor elevation procedure: a systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis
Authors: Corbella Stefano , Taschieri Silvio , Weinstein Roberto , Del Fabbro Massimo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present systematic review of the literature was to evaluate biomaterials performances considering new bone formation estimated through histomorphometric analysis of bone biopsies from human subjects after maxillary sinus floor elevation.Materials and methodsAn electronic and manual search was performed to retrieve articles showing histomorphometric data of bone biopsies performed after sinus floor elevation surgery. Recorded data were statistically analyzed evaluating percentage of new bone volume, residual biomaterial, and connective/soft tissues in the biopsies. A meta‐analysis of comparative studies was also performed.ResultsAfter article selection process, 84 articles were included in the quantitative synthesis and 16 of them in the meta‐analysis of comparative studies. The use of autogenous bone (AB) alone led to a significantly higher new bone formation if compared with bovine bone (BB) alone (P = 0.04), while no significant difference was found when the latter was compared with a mixture ofABandBB(P = 0.52). Grafts composed ofBBshowed significantly greater new bone formation as compared to hydroxyapatite (HA) (P < 0.001) while a mixture of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) andHAachieved better outcomes thanBB(P < 0.001).ConclusionsBased on histomorphometric evaluation,ABshould still be taken into consideration when the highest possible new bone formation is the primary aim in maxillary sinus surgery. When donor site morbidity is a concern,BBand a mixture ofTCPandHAcould be considered as predictable, showing promising results. More comparative histologic studies are needed to confirm such results.
Motion Sickness: Current Knowledge and Recent Advance
Authors: Zhang Li‐Li , Wang Jun‐Qin , Qi Rui‐Rui , Pan Lei‐Lei , Li Min , Cai Yi‐Ling 
Published: October 2015

SummaryMotion sickness (MS) is a common physiological response to real or virtual motion. Numerous studies have investigated the neurobiological mechanism and the control measures of MS. This review summarizes the current knowledge about pathogenesis and pathophysiology, prediction, evaluation, and countermeasures of MS. The sensory conflict hypothesis is the most widely accepted theory for MS. Both the hippocampus and vestibular cortex might play a role in forming internal model. The pathophysiology focuses on the visceral afference, thermoregulation and MS‐related neuroendocrine. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in some genes and epigenetic modulation might contribute to MS susceptibility and habituation. Questionnaires, heart rate variability (HRV) and electrogastrogram (EGG) are useful for diagnosing and evaluating MS. We also list MS medications to guide clinical practice. Repeated real motion exposure and combined visual‐vestibular interaction training accelerate the progress of habituation. Behavioral and dietary countermeasures, as well as physiotherapy, are also effective in alleviating MS symptoms.
Honey and beehive products in otorhinolaryngology: a narrative review
Authors: Henatsch D. , Wesseling F. , Kross K.W. , Stokroos R.J. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundHoney and beehive products were rediscovered as an alternative treatment in wounds. The medicinal properties also raised interest of their use in Otorhinolaryngology.Objective of reviewTo give an overview of the effectiveness of beehive products in Otorhinolaryngology.Type of reviewNarrative.Search strategy and evaluationA literature search of the databases PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane was performed from the last two decades till December 2014. The search terms ‘honey’, ‘propolis’ or ‘royal jelly’ were used. Articles, which evaluated the effectiveness of beehive products in Otorhinolaryngology, were included. The quality assessment of included studies was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool.Discussion and ConclusionA total of 36 studies were identified and evaluated. Eighteen studies investigated their effect in oral infections, seven in infection of the respiratory tract, six in rhino‐sinusal diseases, four investigated the use in tonsillectomy and head and neck surgery and one study explored the preventive effect in otitis media. Honey can be considered as effective (additional) treatment in mucositis, childhood cough, persistent post‐infectious cough and after tonsillectomy. Propolis may have a role in the treatment of (aphthous) stomatitis, mouth ulcer and prevention of acute otitis media. Royal jelly showed to reduce mucositis. In the presented studies, beehive products proved to be safe, with only minor adverse reactions. Studies showed to be diverse and had some methodological limitations.
Quantitative analysis of gains and catch‐up saccades of video‐head‐impulse testing by age in normal subjects
Authors: Yang C.J. , Lee J.Y. , Kang B.C. , Lee H.S. , Yoo M.H. , Park H.J. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate video‐head‐impulse test (vHIT) results in normal subjects, to determine the normative values of vHIT for the vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) and to characterise the catch‐up saccades (CSs).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary care academic referral centre.ParticipantsFifty healthy subjects with no history of vestibular impairment, ten each in their 20's, 30's, 40's, 50's and 60's, underwent vHITs in the lateral semicircular canal plane.Main outcome measuresvHIT gains and the incidence and amplitudes of covert and overt CSs.ResultsThe mean vHIT gain was 1.02 ± 0.07, and the mean gain asymmetry was 2.39 ± 1.96%, with no significant differences among age groups. CSs were observed during 22.6% of the trials and in 49% of the ears. The incidence of CSs was not associated with age. The mean velocity of CSs was 55.5 ± 16.9°/s, and its mean interaural difference was 11.8 ± 10.7°/s.ConclusionsvHIT gains were consistently equal to 1.0 in all age groups (20's to 60's), suggesting that abnormal criteria for vHIT gain (e.g. 0.8) and gain asymmetry (e.g. 8%) can be used, regardless of age. CSs were observed in about half of normal ears, suggesting that VOR is a hypometric system. The amplitudes and interaural difference of CSs were also similar in all age groups, suggesting that abnormal criteria for CS amplitude (e.g. 100°/s) and interaural difference (e.g. 40°/s) can be used, regardless of age.
A review of simulation platforms in surgery of the temporal bone
Authors: Bhutta M.F. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundSurgery of the temporal bone is a high‐risk activity in an anatomically complex area. Simulation enables rehearsal of such surgery. The traditional simulation platform is the cadaveric temporal bone, but in recent years other simulation platforms have been created, including plastic and virtual reality platforms.Objective of reviewTo undertake a review of simulation platforms for temporal bone surgery, specifically assessing their educational value in terms of validity and in enabling transition to surgery.Type of reviewSystematic qualitative review.Search strategySearch of the Pubmed, CINAHL, BEI and ERIC databases.Evaluation methodAssessment of reported outcomes in terms of educational value.ResultsA total of 49 articles were included, covering cadaveric, animal, plastic and virtual simulation platforms. Cadaveric simulation is highly rated as an educational tool, but there may be a ceiling effect on educational outcomes after drilling 8–10 temporal bones. Animal models show significant anatomical variation from man. Plastic temporal bone models offer much potential, but at present lack sufficient anatomical or haptic validity. Similarly, virtual reality platforms lack sufficient anatomical or haptic validity, but with technological improvements they are advancing rapidly.ConclusionsAt present, cadaveric simulation remains the best platform for training in temporal bone surgery. Technological advances enabling improved materials or modelling mean that in the future plastic or virtual platforms may become comparable to cadaveric platforms, and also offer additional functionality including patient‐specific simulation from CT data.
Measurement of head and neck paragangliomas: is volumetric analysis worth the effort? A method comparison study
Authors: Heesterman B.L. , Verbist B.M. , van der Mey A.G.L. , Bayley J.P. , Corssmit E.P.M. , Hes F.J. , Jansen J.C. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of different measurement methods and define the most workable technique for measuring head and neck paragangliomas, to determine the best method for evaluating tumour growth. The evaluation of tumour growth is vital for a ‘wait‐and‐scan’ policy, a management strategy that became increasingly important.Study designMethod comparison study.Setting and participantsThirty tumours, including carotid body, vagal body, jugulotympanic tumours and conglomerates of multiple tumours, were measured in duplicate, using linear dimensions, manual area tracing and an automated segmentation method.Main outcome measuresReproducibility was assessed using the Bland–Altman method.ResultsThe smallest detectable difference using the linear dimension method was 11% for carotid body and 27% for vagal body tumours, compared with 17% and 20% for the manual area tracing method. Due to the irregular shape of paragangliomas in the temporal bone and conglomerates, the manual area tracing method showed better results in these tumours (26% and 8% versus 54% and 47%). The linear dimension method was significantly faster (median 4.27 versus 18.46 minutes, P < 0.001). The automatic segmentation method yielded smallest detectable differences between 39% and 75%, and although fast (2.19 ± 1.49 minutes), it failed technically.ConclusionsDue to a relatively good reproducibility, fast and easy application, we found the linear dimension method to be the most pragmatic approach for evaluation of growth of carotid and vagal body paragangliomas. For jugulotympanic tumours, the preferred method is manual area tracing. However, volumetric changes of these tumours may be of less clinical importance than changes in relation to surrounding anatomical structures.
Assessing the safety and efficacy of drugs used in preparing the nose for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: a systematic review
Authors: Saif A.M. , Farboud A. , Delfosse E. , Pope L. , Adke M. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundLocal anaesthetics and vasoconstrictors are essential for pain control and to aid intra‐operative haemostasis in nasal procedures. They also improve access, and reduce discomfort when performing nasal endoscopy. There are no clear guidelines on preparing the nose despite evermore diagnostic and therapeutic procedures utilising the nose as a point of access.Objective of reviewThis review aims to identify nasal preparations used in diagnostic and therapeutic nasal procedures and to examine their safety and efficacy.Type of reviewSystematic review.Search strategyA search was carried out using PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, the Cochrane library and references from the included articles.Evaluation methodThe inclusion criteria included: full‐text English language articles with regard to nasal preparation for surgery. Case reports, systematic reviews, meta‐analysis, double‐blind placebo controlled randomised trials (RCTs) and case series were included.ResultsA total of 53 articles were retrieved: 13 articles on nasal preparation for operative procedures, six on functional endoscopic sinus surgery and 22 on nasendoscopy as well as six case reports. Cocaine was the most widely used topical preparation for operative procedures but was associated with more side‐effects; thus, topical tetracaine and levobupivacaine infiltration are alternatives with equivalent efficacy but reduced adverse effects. All articles reviewed for functional endoscopic sinus surgery used a mixture containing lidocaine, adrenaline or both. Flexible nasendoscopy causes minimal patient discomfort and preparation is only recommended in selected patients, in contrast to rigid nasendoscopy which requires preparation.ConclusionFor operative procedures, such as septorhinoplasty, a single agent tetracaine or levobupivicaine provides an improved surgical field. In functional endoscopic sinus surgery, lidocaine–adrenaline preparations have resulted in significantly better surgical and patient outcomes. There is little evidence to support the routine use of pre‐procedural nasal preparation for flexible nasendoscopy. Those undergoing rigid endoscopy conversely always require the use of a vasoconstrictor and local anaesthetic. Pre‐procedure assessment of patients is recommended, with agents being reserved for those with low pain thresholds, high anxiety and small nasal apertures presenting resistance to the insertion of the endoscope.
Endoscopically assisted extralevator abdominoperineal excision
Authors: Buchs N. C. , Kraus R. , Mortensen N. J. , Cunningham C. , George B. , Jones O. , Guy R. , Ashraf S. , Lindsey I. , Hompes R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimExtralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) has been advocated to optimize clearance of lower third rectal cancers with an involved or threatened circumferential resection margin. ELAPE could reduce positive margins and specimen perforation compared with standard abdominoperineal excision. However, there can be difficulties with ELAPE, particularly in identifying the anterior plane in male patients. Usually, the dissection is performed in the prone position, which can be hazardous, particularly in obese patients in whom wound problems are commonly encountered. We describe an endoscopically assisted approach for ELAPE in the lithotomy position.MethodThree male patients with a rectal tumour located at the anorectal junction underwent an endoscopically assisted ELAPE in the lithotomy position after preoperative radiotherapy.ResultsAll the procedures were performed successfully with operation times of 180, 390 and 420 mins. There were no instances of intra‐operative perforation or other complications. One patient developed postoperative intestinal obstruction which resolved on conservative management. There were no wound complications. Histopathological examination demonstrated clear margins and intact mesorectal planes in each patient.ConclusionWe report a good outcome in three patients after endoscopically assisted ELAPE. This approach allows the patient to be operated on in the lithotomy position giving excellent views of the anterior dissection.
Graph‐Theoretic Properties of Networks Based on Word Association Norms: Implications for Models of Lexical Semantic Memory
Authors: Gruenenfelder Thomas M. , Recchia Gabriel , Rubin Tim , Jones Michael N. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe compared the ability of three different contextual models of lexical semantic memory (BEAGLE, Latent Semantic Analysis, and the Topic model) and of a simple associative model (POC) to predict the properties of semantic networks derived from word association norms. None of the semantic models were able to accurately predict all of the network properties. All three contextual models over‐predicted clustering in the norms, whereas the associative model under‐predicted clustering. Only a hybrid model that assumed that some of the responses were based on a contextual model and others on an associative network (POC) successfully predicted all of the network properties and predicted a word's top five associates as well as or better than the better of the two constituent models. The results suggest that participants switch between a contextual representation and an associative network when generating free associations. We discuss the role that each of these representations may play in lexical semantic memory. Concordant with recent multicomponent theories of semantic memory, the associative network may encode coordinate relations between concepts (e.g., the relation between pea and bean, or between sparrow and robin), and contextual representations may be used to process information about more abstract concepts.
Lost in the Rhythm: Effects of Rhythm on Subsequent Interpersonal Coordination
Authors: Lang Martin , Shaw Daniel J. , Reddish Paul , Wallot Sebastian , Mitkidis Panagiotis , Xygalatas Dimitris 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMusic is a natural human expression present in all cultures, but the functions it serves are still debated. Previous research indicates that rhythm, an essential feature of music, can enhance coordination of movement and increase social bonding. However, the prolonged effects of rhythm have not yet been investigated. In this study, pairs of participants were exposed to one of three kinds of auditory stimuli (rhythmic, arrhythmic, or white‐noise) and subsequently engaged in five trials of a joint‐action task demanding interpersonal coordination. We show that when compared with the other two stimuli, exposure to the rhythmic beat reduced the practice effect in task performance. Analysis of the behavioral data suggests that this reduction results from more temporally coupled motor movements over successive trials and that shared exposure to rhythm facilitates interpersonal motor coupling, which in this context serves to impede the attainment of necessary dynamic coordination. We propose that rhythm has the potential to enhance interpersonal motor coupling, which might serve as a mechanism behind its facilitation of positive social attitudes.
The Invisible Hand: Toddlers Connect Probabilistic Events With Agentive Causes
Authors: Wu Yang , Muentener Paul , Schulz Laura E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractChildren posit unobserved causes when events appear to occur spontaneously (e.g., Gelman & Gottfried, 1996). What about when events appear to occur probabilistically? Here toddlers (M = 20.1 months) saw arbitrary causal relationships (Cause A generated Effect A; Cause B generated Effect B) in a fixed, alternating order. The relationships were then changed in one of two ways. In the Deterministic condition, the event order changed (Event B preceded Event A); in the Probabilistic condition, the causal relationships changed (Cause A generated Effect B; Cause B generated Effect A). As intended, toddlers looked equally long at both changes (Experiment 1). We then introduced a previously unseen candidate cause. Toddlers looked longer at the appearance of a hand (Experiment 2) and novel agent (Experiment 3) in the Deterministic than the Probabilistic conditions, but looked equally long at novel non‐agents (Experiment 4), suggesting that by 2 years of age, toddlers connect probabilistic events with unobserved agents.
Neuroscientific Prediction and the Intrusion of Intuitive Metaphysics
Authors: Rose David , Buckwalter Wesley , Nichols Shaun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHow might advanced neuroscience—in which perfect neuro‐predictions are possible—interact with ordinary judgments of free will? We propose that peoples' intuitive ideas about indeterminist free will are both imported into and intrude into their representation of neuroscientific scenarios and present six experiments demonstrating intrusion and importing effects in the context of scenarios depicting perfect neuro‐prediction. In light of our findings, we suggest that the intuitive commitment to indeterminist free will may be resilient in the face of scientific evidence against such free will.
Lexical leverage: category knowledge boosts real‐time novel word recognition in 2‐year‐olds
Authors: Borovsky Arielle , Ellis Erica M. , Evans Julia L. , Elman Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecent research suggests that infants tend to add words to their vocabulary that are semantically related to other known words, though it is not clear why this pattern emerges. In this paper, we explore whether infants leverage their existing vocabulary and semantic knowledge when interpreting novel label–object mappings in real time. We initially identified categorical domains for which individual 24‐month‐old infants have relatively higher and lower levels of knowledge, irrespective of overall vocabulary size. Next, we taught infants novel words in these higher and lower knowledge domains and then asked if their subsequent real‐time recognition of these items varied as a function of their category knowledge. While our participants successfully acquired the novel label–object mappings in our task, there were important differences in the way infants recognized these words in real time. Namely, infants showed more robust recognition of high (vs. low) domain knowledge words. These findings suggest that dense semantic structure facilitates early word learning and real‐time novel word recognition.
The impact of baroreflex function on endogenous pain control: a microneurography study
Authors: Lautenschläger Gothje , Habig Kathrin , Best Christoph , Kaps Manfred , Elam Mikael , Birklein Frank , Krämer Heidrun H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe interaction between sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity to muscles [muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), burst frequency (BF) and burst incidence (BI)] and different stress and somatosensory stimuli is still unclear. Eighteen healthy men (median age 28 years) underwent microneurography recordings from the peroneal nerve. MSNA was recorded during heat pain (HP) and cold pain (CP) alone as well as combined with different stress tasks (mental arithmetic, singing, giving a speech). An additional nine healthy men (median age 26 years) underwent the stimulation protocol with an additional control task (thermal pain combined with listening to music) to evaluate possible attentional confounders. MSNA was significantly increased by CP and HP. CP‐evoked responses were smaller. The diastolic blood pressure followed the time course of MSNA while heart rate remained unchanged. The mental stress tasks further increased MSNA and were sufficient to reduce pain while the control task had no effect. MSNA activity correlated negatively with pain intensity and positively with analgesia. High blood pressure values were associated with lower pain intensity. Our study indicates an impact of central sympathetic drive on pain and pain control.