bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arginine starvation-associated atypical cellular death involves mitochondrial dysfunction, nuclear DNA leakage, and chromatin autophagy
Authors: Changou Chun A. , Chen Yun-Ru , Xing Li , Yen Yun , Chuang Frank Y. S. , Cheng R. Holland , Bold Richard J. , Ann David K. , Kung Hsing-Jien 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Nutritional starvation therapy is under intensive investigation because it provides a potentially lower toxicity with higher specificity than conventional cancer therapy. Autophagy, often triggered by starvation, represents an energy-saving, pro-survival cellular function; however, dysregulated autophagy could also lead to cell death, a process distinct from the classic caspase-dependent apoptosis. This study shows how arginine starvation specifically kills tumor cells by a novel mechanism involving mitochondria dysfunction, reactive oxygen species generation, DNA leakage, and chromatin autophagy, where leaked DNA is captured by giant autophagosomes. These results not only provide insights into the fundamental process of metabolic stress-based cancer therapy but also uncover a new cell-death mechanism.
Nutritional Effect of Flaxseeds on Cholesterol Profile and Fatty Acid Composition in Egg Yolk
Authors: Sultan Asad , Obaid Humera , Khan Sarzamin , Rehman Inayat ur , Shah Muhammad Kamal , Khan Rifat Ullah 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis experiment investigated the effect of a supplementary dietary source (flaxseed) on egg yolk cholesterol contents and fatty acid profile. Flaxseeds at three different levels (5, 10, and 15%) were supplemented to 84 Rhode Island Red × Fayoumi cross layers during 21–24 weeks of age. The birds were divided randomly into four groups. Flaxseeds were supplemented in the diet at the level of 5% (FS‐5), 10% (FS‐10), and 15% (FS‐15), and one group served as the control (FS‐0). Cholesterol content of eggs was not significantly affected by flaxseed. The amount of monounsaturated fatty acids was significantly decreased with the increase in the flaxseed level, and the highest reduction was observed in FS‐15. The highest total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and total omega‐3 PUFA were recorded in FS‐15. These findings reflect that unsaturated healthy fatty acid content in poultry eggs can be increased with dietary supplementation of flaxseed.
Iron Speciation in Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Biofortified by Common Breeding
Authors: Hoppler Matthias , Egli Ines , Petry Nicolai , Gille Doreen , Zeder Christophe , Walczyk Thomas , Blair Matthew W. , Hurrell Richard F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe iron storage protein ferritin is a potential vehicle to enhance the iron content of biofortified crops. With the aim of evaluating the potential of ferritin iron in plant breeding, we used species‐specific isotope dilution mass spectrometry to quantify ferritin iron in bean varieties with a wide range of total iron content. Zinc, phytic acid, and polyphenols were also measured. Total iron concentration in 21 bean varieties ranged from 32 to 115 ppm and was positively correlated with concentrations of zinc (P = 0.001) and nonferritin bound iron (P < 0.001). Ferritin iron ranged from 13% to 35% of total iron and increased only slightly in high iron beans (P = 0.007). Concentrations of nonferritin bound iron and phytic acid were correlated (P = 0.001), although phytic acid:iron molar ratio decreased with increasing iron concentration (P = 0.003). Most iron in high iron beans was present as nonferritin bound iron, which confirms our earlier finding showing that ferritin iron in beans was lower than previously published. As the range of ferritin iron content in beans is relatively narrow, there is less opportunity for breeders to breed for high ferritin. The relevance of these findings to the extent of iron absorption depends on resolving the question of whether ferritin iron is absorbed or not to a greater extent than nonferritin bound iron.
Retronasal Odor of Dried Bonito Stock Induces Umami Taste and Improves the Palatability of Saltiness
Authors: Manabe Mariko , Ishizaki Sanae , Yamagishi Umi , Yoshioka Tatsuhito , Oginome Nozomu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA traditional Japanese umami‐rich stock, dried bonito stock, was reported to improve the palatability of a low‐salt diet due to its characteristic aroma. Two pathways are available for the presentation of odors: the orthonasal and retronasal pathways. Aroma is perceived through the orthonasal pathway. In contrast, retronasal application of odors is thought to evoke different sensations from the orthonasal pathway, which is typically perceived as taste and modifies taste. Therefore, the effect of retronasal odor on salt‐reduction might be different from that of aroma, that is, orthonasal odor. Thus, the effects of the retronasal odor of dried bonito stock on the enhancement and improvement of palatability upon salt reduction were examined using sensory evaluation. Moreover, the contributions to flavor expression and palatability of dried bonito stock were also investigated. Although the retronasal odor of dried bonito did not enhance saltiness, it improved the palatability of saltiness. In the presence of no tastants except 0.68% NaCl, a content 15% less than that of Japanese traditional soup, the retronasal odor of dried bonito generated umami, enhanced the suitability for dried bonito stock, and increased palatability. This indicates that the retronasal odor of dried bonito stock could improve the palatability of a salt‐reduced diet. These findings can be applied to the development of new seasonings for improving the palatability of salt‐reduced foods.
Ontological anthropology and the deferral of critique
Authors: BESSIRE LUCAS , BOND DAVID 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWhat does ontological anthropology promise, what does it presume, and how does it contribute to the formatting of life in our present? Drawing from our respective fieldwork on how Indigenous alterity is coenvisioned and how the lively materiality of hydrocarbons is recognized, we develop an ethnographic and theoretical critique of ontological anthropology. This essay, then, provides an empirical counterweight to what the ontological turn celebrates of Native worlds and what it rejects of modernity. In it, we examine the methodological and conceptual investments of ontological anthropology. The figure of the ontological as commonly invoked, we argue, often narrows the areas of legitimate concern and widens the scope of acceptable disregard within social research. We chart how this paradigm's analytical focus on the future redefines the coordinates of the political as well as anthropology's relation to critique. Finally, we formulate three conceptual theses that encapsulate our criticism and open this discussion to further debate.
The interpretation of lives or life as interpretation: Cohabiting with spirits in the Malagasy world
Authors: LAMBEK MICHAEL 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWhat happens when we shift from the interpretation of cultures to the interpretation of lives and from interpreting action to understanding action as itself a form of interpretation? I describe interpretations by three Malagasy‐speaking spirit mediums of the life of a single powerful ancestral figure who cohabits with each of them and how their respective interpretations constitute, in effect, their lives. What we read over their shoulders is not (only) the common symbol or text but their distinctive interpretations, people making sense of their lives in the course of living them—and, hence, that culturally mediated human action is itself a form of interpretation.
Beyond compassion: Islamic voluntarism in Egypt
Authors: MITTERMAIER AMIRA 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTResala, Egypt's largest volunteer‐driven charity organization, engages in a range of activities, from distributing food in slums to visiting orphanages. Although its volunteers may appear to participate in a global moral economy of compassion, many of them articulate an Islamic voluntarism that contrasts with what they see as a Christian approach to suffering and with the more secular motivations of so much civic and humanitarian work today. Focusing on three Resala volunteers, I look at how Islam is imagined and mobilized to compel, make sense of, and justify giving in particular contexts and in practice. The volunteers’ stories reveal the multilayeredness of their ethics and trouble the link between compassion and voluntarism. By foregrounding religious duty, the volunteers offer insight into a nonliberal, nonhumanist ethics of voluntarism and question the centrality of compassion as a mobilizing force in the world and as an explanatory force in anthropology.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of perineural dexamethasone for peripheral nerve blocks
Authors: Albrecht E. , Kern C. , Kirkham K. R. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryWe systematically reviewed the safety and efficacy of perineural dexamethasone as an adjunct for peripheral nerve blockade in 29 controlled trials of 1695 participants. We grouped trials by the duration of local anaesthetic action (short‐ or medium‐ vs long‐term). Dexamethasone increased the mean (95% CI) duration of analgesia by 233 (172–295) min when injected with short‐ or medium‐term action local anaesthetics and by 488 (419–557) min when injected with long‐term action local anaesthetics, p < 0.00001 for both. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the extreme heterogeneity of results, with I2 exceeding 90% for both analyses. Meta‐regression did not show an interaction between dose of perineural dexamethasone (4–10 mg) and duration of analgesia (r2 = 0.02, p = 0.54). There were no differences between 4 and 8 mg dexamethasone on subgroup analysis.
Queering Critiques of Neoliberalism in India: Urbanism and Inequality in the Era of Transnational “LGBTQ” Rights
Authors: Shah Svati P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUnderstanding contemporary sexuality and gender politics in India compels an examination of the imbrications between cities, the idea of modernity, the production of non‐normative identity‐based social categories, and critiques of neoliberalism. Recent developments in Indian sexuality and gender politics with respect to non‐normative subjects must be understood through the critical lens that scholarship on neoliberalism offers. At the same time, an uncritical use of the theoretical apparatus of neoliberalism in the Indian context risks overdetermining the discursive space of normative urban gay elites. The conflation of gay identity with elitism, and transgender identity (when it is conflated with hijra‐ness) with poverty, has characterized much of Indian public discourse on non‐normative sexualities and genders. Emphasizing the vagaries of the daily lives of non‐normative subjects, read through their geographical valences, is one way to disrupt this binary, while demonstrating the unique role of the urban imaginary in the discursive production of sexuality and gender‐based activism in India. This is important in the current moment, as “LGBTQ” rights are taken up as a foreign policy issue by governments around the world, and the newly elected Indian government promises to build 100 “world class cities” during its tenure.
Small metastasizing choroidal melanomas
Authors: Malclès Ariane , Kivelä Tero , Svetlosakova Zuzana , Jean‐Louis Bruno , Nguyen Anh‐Minh , Sallit Rébecca , Négrier Sylvie , Pommier Pascal , Rivoire Michel , Chauvel Pierre , Mammar Hamid , Devouassoux‐Shisheboran Mojgan , Kodjikian Laurent , Denis Philippe , Grange Jean‐Daniel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurposeSmall choroidal melanomas have a better prognosis than large tumours. However, these small tumours can spread, often late in their course. The aim of the study was to analyse survival and tumour characteristics of six cases of late metastatic diseases after conservative treatment.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at the Croix‐Rousse University Hospital of Lyon among 523 patients treated between 1991 and 2010 by proton beam therapy (508) or brachytherapy with 106 Ru/Rh (15) for uveal melanomas. We have selected patients with small choroidal melanoma (thickness ≤3 mm and diameter ≤9 mm) (59 patients), who have developed hepatic metastases (six of 59).ResultsAt the time of diagnosis, median age was 57 years (range, 37–82 years). The mean tumour thickness was 2.9 mm (range 2.5–3 mm), and the mean diameter was 7 mm (5–8 mm). Orange pigment was observed in four cases, subretinal fluid was observed in two cases, and one tumour touched the optic disc. Five patients had proton beam therapy. One patient had beta brachytherapy (106 Ru/106 Rh). Average follow‐up was 8.3 years (range 4.2–11.8 years). None of the six patients developed local tumour recurrence. The mean survival time after diagnosis of melanoma was 9.8 years (range, 4.9–14.6 years). The average time from treatment of primary tumour to detection of liver metastasis was 7 years (range 3.9–12 years). The mean survival time from the diagnosis of metastasis was 35.2 months (range 9–101 months). Small melanoma‐related death was 0% at 3 years, 1.7% at 5 years, 5.1% at 10 years and 10.2% at 15 years in our series.ConclusionsDespite a small tumoral size and an early and effective local treatment, six of 59 small choroidal melanomas have developed metastasis after local treatment. Small tumours represent a significant risk of metastasis.
Confounder selection via penalized credible regions
Authors: Wilson Ander , Reich Brian J. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryWhen estimating the effect of an exposure or treatment on an outcome it is important to select the proper subset of confounding variables to include in the model. Including too many covariates increases mean square error on the effect of interest while not including confounding variables biases the exposure effect estimate. We propose a decision‐theoretic approach to confounder selection and effect estimation. We first estimate the full standard Bayesian regression model and then post‐process the posterior distribution with a loss function that penalizes models omitting important confounders. Our method can be fit easily with existing software and in many situations without the use of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, resulting in computation on the order of the least squares solution. We prove that the proposed estimator has attractive asymptotic properties. In a simulation study we show that our method outperforms existing methods. We demonstrate our method by estimating the effect of fine particulate matter (PM) exposure on birth weight in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina.
How can weight‐loss app designers' best engage and support users? A qualitative investigation
Authors: Tang Jason , Abraham Charles , Stamp Elena , Greaves Colin 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesThis study explored young adults' experiences of using e‐health internetbased computer or mobile phone applications (apps) and what they valued about those apps.Design and methodsA qualitative design was used. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a community sample of 19 young adults who had used a publicly available phone or internet‐based application. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants valued an attractive user interface. Structure, ease of use, personalised features and accessibility (including dual phone‐computer access) were all important to participants and users indicated that continued use depended on these design features. Many believed that a focus on calorie counting was too limiting. Some users mentioned behaviour change strategies and known behaviour change techniques utilised by apps including; self‐monitoring, goal setting and behavioural feedback. Only a few users reported positive changes in physical activity levels.ConclusionsUse of particular design features and application of evidence‐based behaviour change techniques could optimise continued use and the effectiveness of internet/smart phone interventions.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

E‐health is increasingly used to deliver weight loss/control programs.

Most e‐health programs have not been founded on evidence‐based designs and it is unclear what features and functions users find useful or not so useful.

What does this study add?

Weight loss app users valued structure, ease of use, personalised features and accessibility.

Goal setting and feedback on calorie intake/energy balance were the most widely used behaviour change techniques.

Designers should consider an extensive food database, a food scanner, and provision of diaries.
Patient‐reported outcomes of dental implant therapy in a large randomly selected sample
Authors: Derks Jan , Håkansson Jan , Wennström Jan L. , Klinge Björn , Berglundh Tord 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to traditional clinical parameters, the need to include patient‐reported assessments into dental implant research has been emphasized.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate patient‐reported outcomes following implant‐supported restorative therapy in a randomly selected patient sample.Material and MethodsFour thousand seven hundred and sixteen patients were randomly selected from the data register of the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. A questionnaire containing 10 questions related to implant‐supported restorative therapy was mailed to each of the individuals about 6 years after therapy. Associations between questionnaire data, and (i) patient‐related, (ii) clinician‐related and (iii) therapy‐related variables were identified by multivariate analyses.ResultsThree thousand eight hundred and twenty‐seven patients (81%) responded to the questionnaire. It was demonstrated that the overall satisfaction among patients was high. Older patients presented with an overall more positive perception of the results of the therapy than younger patients and males were more frequently satisfied in terms of esthetics than females. While clinical setting did not influence results, patients treated by specialist dentists as opposed to general practitioners reported a higher frequency of esthetic satisfaction and improved chewing ability. In addition, patients who had received extensive implant‐supported reconstructions, in contrast to those with small reconstructive units, reported more frequently on improved chewing ability and self‐confidence but also to a larger extent on implant‐related complications.ConclusionIt is suggested that patient‐perceived outcomes of implant‐supported restorative therapy are related to (i) age and gender of the patient, (ii) the extent of restorative therapy and (iii) the clinician performing the treatment.
A qualitative investigation of obese women's experiences of effective and ineffective social support for weight management
Authors: Zwickert K. , Rieger E. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryAn obese individual's social context influences the extent to which they engage in weight control behaviors. Although the available literature acknowledges the importance of social support for weight management, detailed analyses of obese individuals' experiences of social support for weight loss and/or weight loss maintenance have not been undertaken. Using a qualitative approach, this study presents 22 Australian obese women's perspectives of the availability and effectiveness of social support for weight control. Three superordinate categories, namely, ineffective support, effective support and personal barriers to accessing support, and 12 subcategories were identified. Participants reported minimal access to quality support for weight management, while also suggesting ways in which obese women themselves may hamper significant others' provision of effective support. The results support the investigation of interventions designed to enhance the skills of significant others in assisting obese individuals with weight management.
Colchicine levels in chronic kidney diseases and kidney transplant recipients using tacrolimus
Authors: Amanova Anara , Kendi Celebi Zeynep , Bakar Filiz , Caglayan Mehmet G. , Keven Kenan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundTacrolimus is a CYP3A4 inhibitor and can alter colchicine metabolism. In this study, we aimed to evaluate plasma colchicine levels in different stages of kidney disease as well as in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients using tacrolimus.MethodThis study included six familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients with normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as controls, three patients with low GFR, six FMF patients on hemodialysis (HD), and six FMF patients who were KTx recipients using tacrolimus. After a three‐d washout period, plasma colchicine levels were measured at 0 (pre‐dose), one, two, four, eight, and 24 h post‐dose of 1 mg oral colchicine. Area under the curve 0–24 h (AUC0–24) and maximum concentration (Cmax) were evaluated and compared between the groups.ResultsColchicine AUC0–24 was six‐fold higher in HD (p < 0.001) and three‐fold higher in KTx recipients (p < 0.001) when compared to the control. The low GFR group had mildly higher AUC0–24 than the control group. Cmax levels were also higher in HD (p = 0.011) and KTx recipient (p = 0.06) groups and mildly elevated in low GFR patients in comparison with controls.ConclusionColchicine AUC0–24 and Cmax were significantly increased in HD patients and KTx recipients using tacrolimus. Therefore, dose adjustments are needed to avoid toxicity in both circumstances.
Pre‐existing anti‐HLA antibodies negatively impact survival of pediatric aplastic anemia patients undergoing HSCT
Authors: Zhu Hua , He Jun , Cai Junchao , Yuan Xiaoni , Jiang Hua , Luo Changying , Wang Jianmin , Luo Chengjuan , Pan Zhijuan , Terasaki Paul I. , Ding Lixia , Chen Jing 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGraft failure and survival are the major problems for patients with aplastic anemia undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Previous studies showed that anti‐HLA antibodies negatively impact engraftment in HSCT. This retrospective study of 51 pediatric patients with acquired aplastic anemia who underwent allogeneic HSCT at a single institution between 2006 and 2012 investigated the influence of anti‐HLA antibodies on the outcome of HSCT. Serum samples collected before HSCT were tested for the presence of anti‐HLA antibodies. Pre‐existing anti‐HLA antibodies were detected in 54.9% (28/51) of patients, among whom 39.2% (20/51) had anti‐HLA class I antibodies. Anti‐HLA antibodies were associated with worse five‐yr survival (78.6% vs. 100%, p = 0.021) and higher treatment‐related mortality (21.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.028) compared with antibody‐negative patients. Anti‐HLA class I antibody‐positive patients had poorer five‐yr survival (75.0%) than anti‐HLA class I&II antibody‐positive and antibody‐negative patients (87.5% and 100.0%, respectively, p = 0.039). Presence of anti‐HLA class I antibodies (p = 0.024) and older age (10 yr or more; p = 0.027) significantly increased the risk of post‐HSCT mortality. Pre‐existing anti‐HLA antibodies negatively affect the outcome of HSCT in pediatric patients with aplastic anemia. Routine testing for anti‐HLA antibodies concurrent with efficient treatment should be conducted prior to HSCT.