bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperoxaemia in acute trauma is common and associated with a longer hospital stay: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Iten Manuela , Pietsch Urs , Knapp Juergen , Jakob Dominik Andreas , Krummrey Gert , Maschmann Christian , Steinmetz Jacob , Arleth Tobias , Mueller Martin , Hautz Wolf 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Trauma poses a significant global health challenge. Despite advancements in the management of severely injured patients, (poly)trauma continues to be a primary contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the context of trauma resuscitation, supplemental oxygen is commonly administered generously as suggested by guidelines. Yet, it remains uncertain whether the trauma population might derive advantages from a more conservative approach to supplemental oxygen.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study from two Swiss trauma centers, severely injured adult (> 16 years) trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16 were divided into four groups according to the first blood gas analysis taken: hypoxaemia (PaO2 < 10.7 kPa/80 mmHg), normoxaemia (PaO2 10.7–16.0 kPa/80–120 mmHg), which served as reference, moderate hyperoxaemia (PaO2 > 16.0–40 kPa/120–300 mmHg) and severe hyperoxaemia (PaO2 > 40 kPa/300 mmHg). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Length of hospital stay (LOS) and length of intensive care unit stay (LOS-ICU) were analyzed as secondary outcomes.

Results
Of 1,189 trauma patients, 41.3% had hyperoxaemia (18.8% with severe hyperoxaemia) and 19.3% had hypoxaemia. No difference was found for 28-day mortality (hypoxaemia: 15.7%, normoxaemia: 14.1%, hyperoxaemia: 13.8%, severe hyperoxaemia: 16.0%, p = 0.846). Patients with severe hyperoxaemia had a significant prolonged LOS (median 12.5 [IQR 7–18.5] days vs. 10 [7–17], p = 0.040) and extended LOS-ICU (3.8 [1.8–9] vs. 2 [1–5] days, p = 0.149) compared to normoxaemic patients. In multivariable analysis, oxygen group was not associated with the primary outcome 28-day mortality or LOS-ICU. Severe hyperoxaemia patients had a tendency towards longer hospital stay (adjusted coefficient 2.23 days [95% CI: − 0.32; 4.79], p = 0.087).

Conclusion
Hyperoxaemia was not associated with an increased 28-day mortality when compared to normoxaemia. However, both moderate and severe hyperoxaemia is frequently observed in trauma patients, and the presence of severe hyperoxaemia showed a tendency with extended hospital stay compared to normoxaemia patients. Robust randomized controlled trials are imperative to thoroughly evaluate the potential correlation between hyperoxaemia and outcomes in trauma patients .
Trial Registration Retrospectively registered.
Gulf war illness: a tale of two genomes
Authors: Golomb Beatrice A. , Kelley Richard I. , Han Jun Hee , Miller Bruce , Bui Leeann 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Gulf War illness (GWI) is an environmentally-triggered chronic multisymptom illness typified by protean symptoms, in which mitochondrial impairment is evident. It has been likened to accelerated aging. Nuclear genetics of detoxification have been linked to GWI.

Objective
To see whether mitochondrial (mt) haplogroup U – a heritable profile of mitochondrial DNA that has been tied to aging-related conditions – significantly predicts greater GWI severity; and to assess whether GWI severity is influenced by mitochondrial as well as nuclear genetics. 54 consenting Gulf War veterans gave information on GWI severity, of whom 52 had nuclear DNA assessment; and 45 had both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA assessments. Regression with robust standard errors assessed prediction of GWI severity as a function of nuclear genetics (butyrylcholinesterase variants), mitochondrial genetics (haplogroup U, previously tied to aging-related conditions); or both.

Results
BChE “adverse” variants significantly predicted GWI severity (β(SE) = 23.4(11.4), p = 0.046), as did mt haplogroup U (β(SE) = 36.4(13.6), p = 0.010). In a model including both, BChE was no longer significant, but mt haplogroup U retained significance (β(SE) = 36.7(13.0), p = 0.007). This is the first study to show that mitochondrial genetics are tied to GWI severity in Gulf-deployed veterans. Other data affirm a tie to nuclear genetics, making GWI indeed a “tale of two genomes.”
Burden and satisfaction with social support in families with a history of problematic substance use or dementia – a comparison
Authors: Soellner Renate , Hofheinz Christine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Living in a family with a history of problematic substance use or dementia is a major stressful experience for family members and results often in an impaired health condition. Seeking and receiving social support has been emphasized as a major resource while coping with this stress. However, especially family members of people with problematic substance use often refrain from help-seeking. This paper examines whether (1) family members of problematic substance users are more physically and psychologically distressed than caregivers of people with dementia, and (2) whether and to what extent differences are mediated by satisfaction with perceived professional and private social support.

Methods
Two samples of family members of people with a chronic disease (problematic substance use (n = 221), dementia (n = 322)) completed self-administered questionnaires on burden, quality of life and social support. Physical distress was assessed using the Giessen Subjective Complaints List, psychological distress using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and anxiety symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Quality of life was measured using the WHOQOL-BREF, and satisfaction with professional and private social support was assessed using a visual analog scale. Multivariate analyses of variance were performed to compare the two groups on the means of (1) burden ratings and (2) QoL dimensions and followed up by discriminant analyses to explore meaningful variables according to group differences. Parallel mediation analyses were performed to test the mediators private and professional support.

Results
Family members of problematic substance users score higher on the burden indicators, while they score lower with regard to the quality of life dimensions than caregivers of people with dementia. The difference in burden is mainly explained by the higher scores for exhaustion, stomach discomfort and depression of family members of problematic substance users. Caregivers of people with dementia reported greater satisfaction with perceived social support, either private or professional. Satisfaction with private support was shown to be more important in mediating the impact of stress.

Conclusions
Family members of people with problematic substance use are in great need of tailored support programs and should be explicitly targeted.
Candidate markers for enhanced host response to PRRS have scarce adverse effects on pigs’ growth and production
Authors: Laghouaouta Houda , Fraile Lorenzo J. , Estany Joan , Pena Ramona N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most challenging viral diseases that cause substantial economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. The clinical signs of PRRS depend on, among others, the immunomodulatory properties of the PRRS virus strain, farm health status, herd immunity, and host genetics. The high virulence and mutation rate of PRRS virus limit the efficacy of vaccination programs. In recent years, several candidate genetic markers associated with PRRS resilience have been identified, and selective breeding was suggested as an additional approach to control PRRS under field conditions. Even so, it is essential to investigate the effects of these genetic markers on pigs’ productivity. Our study aimed to assess the association between seven previously reported candidate genetic markers for host response to PRRS (rs80800372 in GBP1, rs340943904 in GBP5, rs322187731 in GBP6, rs1107556229 in CD163, rs338508371 in SGK1, rs80928141 in TAP1, and a 275-bp insertion in the promoter of MX1) and production traits in pigs under non-challenging conditions.

Results
About 600 high-health Duroc pigs were genotyped for the selected genetic markers and their effects on production traits (live body weight, carcass weight, backfat thickness, intramuscular fat content and composition) were assessed using a linear model. The genetic markers GBP5_rs340943904, GBP6_rs322187731, CD163_rs1107556229, and the 275-bp insertion at the promoter of MX1 showed no relevant associations with growth and carcass traits at slaughter. Regarding GBP1_rs80800372 (WUR1000125), the favourable G allele for PRRS resilience displayed significant additive effects on backfat thickness (+ 1.18 ± 0.42 mm; p = 0.005) and lean content (-1.72 ± 0.56%; p ≤ 0.01) at slaughter. In addition, the genetic markers SGK1_rs338508371 and TAP1_rs8092814 were associated with the palmitoleic content in gluteus medius, without affecting the total of the monounsaturated fatty acids.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that genetic markers for PRRS resilience have no relevant effects on growth and carcass traits in pigs reared under non-challenging conditions, except for GBP1_rs80800372 where the favourable allele for PRRS response has a negative impact on lean content. Therefore, since the effects of GBP1_rs80800372 were attributed to the causal variant GBP5_rs340943904, it seems beneficial to select pigs for the genetic marker at GBP5 instead of GBP1. Overall, pigs might be selected for enhanced PRRS resilience without compromising their overall productivity.
Perioperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage and its surgical management: a systematic review
Authors: Ribeiro Margarida , Monteiro David Matos , Moleiro Ana Filipa , Rocha-Sousa Amândio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) is a rare but severely feared sight-threatening complication of intraocular surgery, and its management remains debatable. We intended to summarize the existing surgical management options regarding perioperative SCH, describing different techniques and their respective visual outcomes.

Methods
A systematic literature search of articles published since 1st January 2011 until 31st December 2022 was performed using MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scopus. Eligibility criteria included the adult population with SCH related to intraocular surgery.

Results
Thirty-eight studies enrolling 393 patients/eyes were assessed after a selection process among 525 records. We included 5 retrospective cohort studies, 15 case series and 18 case reports. We documented cases of acute SCH diagnosed intraoperatively and delayed SCH, treated until a maximum of 120 days after the diagnosis. Best corrected visual acuity at diagnosis was generally poor, with variable final visual outcomes. Techniques of external drainage with or without combined pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), type of endotamponade (if PPV performed), anterior chamber maintainer and reports of the use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator were described.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review assessing perioperative SCH and its surgical management. There is no standardized surgical approach of SCH and longitudinal intervention studies are lacking. To ensure that patients achieve the best possible visual outcome, prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Therefore, further clinical research is on demand to improve the management of this clinical sight-threatening entity.
The costs, health and economic impact of air pollution control strategies: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Song Rong , Xu Zhiwei , Chen Mingsheng , Di Tanna Gian Luca , Downey Laura , Jan Stephen , Si Lei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Air pollution poses a significant threat to global public health. While broad mitigation policies exist, an understanding of the economic consequences, both in terms of health benefits and mitigation costs, remains lacking. This study systematically reviewed the existing economic implications of air pollution control strategies worldwide.

Methods
A predefined search strategy, without limitations on region or study design, was employed to search the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and CEA registry databases for studies from their inception to November 2023 using keywords such as “cost–benefit analyses”, “air pollution”, and “particulate matter”. Focus was placed on studies that specifically considered the health benefits of air pollution control strategies. The evidence was summarized by pollution control strategy and reported using principle economic evaluation measurements such as net benefits and benefit–cost ratios.

Results
The search yielded 104 studies that met the inclusion criteria. A total of 75, 21, and 8 studies assessed the costs and benefits of outdoor, indoor, and mixed control strategies, respectively, of which 54, 15, and 3 reported that the benefits of the control strategy exceeded the mitigation costs. Source reduction (n = 42) and end-of-pipe treatments (n = 15) were the most commonly employed pollution control methodologies. The association between particulate matter (PM) and mortality was the most widely assessed exposure-effect relationship and had the largest health gains (n = 42). A total of 32 studies employed a broader benefits framework, examining the impacts of air pollution control strategies on the environment, ecology, and society. Of these, 31 studies reported partially or entirely positive economic evidence. However, despite overwhelming evidence in support of these strategies, the studies also highlighted some policy flaws concerning equity, optimization, and uncertainty characterization.

Conclusions
Nearly 70% of the reviewed studies reported that the economic benefits of implementing air pollution control strategies outweighed the relative costs. This was primarily due to the improved mortality and morbidity rates associated with lowering PM levels. In addition to health benefits, air pollution control strategies were also associated with other environmental and social benefits, strengthening the economic case for implementation. However, future air pollution control strategy designs will need to address some of the existing policy limitations.
Medical image registration and its application in retinal images: a review
Authors: Nie Qiushi , Zhang Xiaoqing , Hu Yan , Gong Mingdao , Liu Jiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMedical image registration is vital for disease diagnosis and treatment with its ability to merge diverse information of images, which may be captured under different times, angles, or modalities. Although several surveys have reviewed the development of medical image registration, they have not systematically summarized the existing medical image registration methods. To this end, a comprehensive review of these methods is provided from traditional and deep-learning-based perspectives, aiming to help audiences quickly understand the development of medical image registration. In particular, we review recent advances in retinal image registration, which has not attracted much attention. In addition, current challenges in retinal image registration are discussed and insights and prospects for future research provided.
Enhanced viability of Lactobacillus spp. via encapsulation in hyaluronan/PVA hybrid electrospun composites for vaginal drug delivery
Authors: Ilomuanya Margaret O. , Ogundemuren Deborah A. , Bassey Peace-OfonAbasi O. , Oseni Bukola A. , Kola-Mustapha Adeola T. , Tsamos Dimitrios , Alkiviadis Tsamis , Tsouknidas Alexandros E. , Amenaghawon Andrew N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Vaginal dysbiosis, a change in the beneficial vaginal microbiome, leads to a significant depletion in the essential lactobacilli thus increasing the possibility of vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis. Probiotics have gained more attention as a means of delivering exogenous lactobacilli but one of the challenges in delivery strategies is maintaining and improving their viability. The objective of this study is to enhance the viability of Lactobacillus spp., via encapsulation in hyaluronic acid/polyvinyl alcohol hybrid electrospun nanofibers. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) composite nanofibers integrated with Lactobacillus spp. were fabricated by electrospinning. The survival of Lactobacillus spp. after its immobilization in electrospun nanofibers with polyvinyl alcohol and hyaluronic acid was evaluated.

Results
Scanning electron microscopy indicated larger average diameters in PVA/HA nanofibers with Lactobacillus spp. encapsulation (0.189 ± 0.041 µm to 0.231 ± 0.061 µm between D3 and D4, and 0.177 ± 0.043 µm to 0.212 ± 0.041 µm between D5 and D6) which showed that the nanofibers had the bacterial cells successfully enclosed in them. The viability of the lactic acid bacteria enclosed in the PVA/HA nanofibers was observed to decrease by more than 2-log units.

Conclusion
The electrospun nanofiber-based delivery system is promising for the encapsulation and delivery of lactic acid bacteria to the vagina to combat recurrent vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis.
Prevalence, causes, and treatment of plantar fasciitis in young females of a medical college
Authors: Ali Qasim , Long Yang , Ali Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Plantar fasciitis, a common musculoskeletal disorder, is characterized by inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes. The plantar fascia plays a crucial role in supporting the arch of the foot and absorbing shock during movement. Factors such as excessive physical activity, improper footwear, and biomechanical abnormalities are recognized contributors to the development of plantar fasciitis. However, the prevalence and underlying causes may vary across different demographic groups, necessitating targeted investigations.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the prevalence, causes and treatment of plantar fasciitis in young female students (18–30) of a medical college in Pakistan and explore potential associations with high-heel footwear.

Methodology
In this study, a cross-sectional survey was carried out, engaging 100 young females from a medical college. Employing a structured questionnaire, we assessed a spectrum of parameters, including heel pain symptoms, footwear habits, and available treatment options. The diagnostic precision of the Windlass test, specific to plantar fasciitis, was incorporated. Rigorous data analysis, utilizing SPSS, centered on discerning associations between the nuances of high-heel wear (considering types and duration) and the reported symptoms. This methodological framework ensures a comprehensive and precise exploration of the prevalence, causes, and treatment of plantar fasciitis in our targeted demographic.

Results
All the participants were female, and the total number was 100, of which 66% felt pain in the heel when they wore high heels. Out of this 66%, only 6% are diagnosed with plantar fasciitis. The rest of the 60% have pain in the heel due to different causes such as heel spurs, stress fractures, etc. 2% of people receive treatment with steroid injections, and 12% are treated with ice.

Conclusion
We conclude that the prevalence of plantar fasciitis is high in females wearing high heels. This study reveals that an increase in the total duration of wearing high heels with hard soles increases the symptoms of plantar fasciitis. Plantar fasciitis can be prevented by education and applying ergonomics and could be treated by steroids and the ice method, according to medical practitioners.
Investigating the impact of a window air conditioner with H-14 HEPA filter on lessening SARS-COV-2 aerosols
Authors: Huzayyin Omar , Zaki Ahmed , Ali Shady 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research breaks new ground by proposing a unique solution to combat SARS-COV-2 aerosols: modifying a readily available window air conditioner’s indoor blower to accommodate a HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter. While traditional public health measures like lockdowns and mask-wearing remain crucial, this study explores an innovative engineering approach to air purification within homes and offices. The widespread impact of COVID-19 across various sectors—agriculture, manufacturing, finance, and more—necessitates exploring diverse solutions. Current efforts to utilize HEPA filters in HVAC systems face limitations. These filters, while highly effective at capturing airborne particles, increasingly impede airflow and require substantial pressure, posing challenges for standard HVAC systems to maintain efficient operation. This study addresses this critical gap by proposing a targeted modification to a specific window air conditioner (AC) model (GJC07AF-K3RNB9D) to incorporate an H-14 HEPA filter. Utilizing cutting-edge design tool (CF-TURBO) and advanced simulation software (STARCCM +), the research will provide a new blower specifically optimized for this application. This virtual testing will meticulously evaluate the modified system’s performance, ensure optimal airflow, predict noise levels, and identify any potential design flaws before implementing the modification in a physical prototype. The success of this study could pave the way for the development of increasingly efficient and accessible HEPA-based air purification solutions for everyday use, particularly in areas with limited resources. Furthermore, this research can be a valuable foundation for future work aimed to increasingly improve indoor air quality (IAQ).
“Causometry” of processes in arbitrary dynamical systems: Three levels of directional coupling quantifiers
Authors: Smirnov Dmitry A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The concept of dynamical causal effect (DCE) which unites numerous causality quantifiers

for processes in dynamical systems (DS) as measures of X-responses to some Y-variations is generalised through updating the definition of the factors constituting those variations. Along with initial states and governing parameters, external driving (noise) realisations are included and all three factors are represented with their probability distributions. Three basic levels of DCEs are introduced based on their resolution with respect to each factor: low (three factors resolved), medium (two factors), and high (one factor). It is shown that i) a directional coupling

with zero transfer entropy (a medium-level DCE) may be strong in terms of its low-level DCEs; ii) DCEs of the same level may be small or large depending on their Y-variations, e.g., a coupling which induces synronisation is both weak and strong according to different medium-level DCEs; iii) high-level DCEs allow comparison of couplings from different sources which may be inaccessible via medium-level DCEs. The generalised DCE concept applies to arbitrary DS including deterministic (driven) DS and random DS with any kind of noise.