bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preconditioning Human Cardiac Stem Cells with an HO-1 Inducer Exerts Beneficial Effects After Cell Transplantation in the Infarcted Murine Heart
Authors: Cai Chuanxi , Guo Yiru , Teng Lei , Nong Yibing , Tan Min , Book Michael J. , Zhu Xiaoping , Wang Xiao-Liang , Du Junjie , Wu Wen-Jian , Xie Wei , Hong Kyung U. , Li Qianhong , Bolli Roberto 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The regenerative potential of c-kit+ cardiac stem cells (CSCs) is severely limited by the poor survival of cells after transplantation in the infarcted heart. We have previously demonstrated that preconditioning human CSCs (hCSCs) with the heme oxygenase-1 inducer, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), has significant cytoprotective effects in vitro. Here, we examined whether preconditioning hCSCs with CoPP enhances CSC survival and improves cardiac function after transplantation in a model of myocardial infarction induced by a 45-minute coronary occlusion and 35-day reperfusion in immunodeficient mice. At 30 minutes of reperfusion, CoPP-preconditioned hCSCsGFP+, hCSCsGFP+, or medium were injected into the border zone. Quantitative analysis with real-time qPCR for the expression of the human-specific gene HLA revealed that the number of survived hCSCs was significantly greater in the preconditioned-hCSC group at 24 hours and 7 and 35 days compared with the hCSC group. Coimmunostaining of tissue sections for both green fluorescent protein (GFP) and human nuclear antigen further confirmed greater hCSC numbers at 35 days in the preconditioned-hCSC group. At 35 days, compared with the hCSC group, the preconditioned-hCSC group exhibited increased positive and negative left ventricular (LV) dP/dt, end-systolic elastance, and anterior wall/apical strain rate (although ejection fraction was similar), reduced LV remodeling, and increased proliferation of transplanted cells and of cells apparently committed to cardiac lineage. In conclusion, CoPP-preconditioning of hCSCs enhances their survival and/or proliferation, promotes greater proliferation of cells expressing cardiac markers, and results in greater improvement in LV remodeling and in indices of cardiac function after infarction. Stem Cells 2015;33:3596–3607
Flood insurance in the UK: a critical perspective
Authors: Penning‐Rowsell Edmund C. 
Published: August 2015

In the United Kingdom, flood insurance is an important part of our portfolio of flood risk management measures, although it can encourage people to continue to occupy risky areas. Also, the main beneficiaries from investment by the government in flood risk reduction are insurance company shareholders, given that premiums are generally not reduced when flood risk management measures are introduced. The introduction of Flood Re in the United Kingdom looks extremely problematic: it is economically inefficient, and does nothing to encourage property owners themselves to take self‐help flood mitigation measures. But in the international context, we recognize that flood insurance in United Kingdom is relatively unique, and has considerable merits as well as demerits. It can be flexible if risk levels change, and does not place an undue burden on the public purse. However the arrangements remain opaque, and continue to have the unfortunate focus of simply being a damage compensation mechanism, rather than a vehicle to promote behavioral change in the interests of sustainable flood risk management. WIREs Water 2015, 2:601–608. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1104This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Water Governance
How do young people engage with climate change? The role of knowledge, values, message framing, and trusted communicators
Authors: Corner Adam , Roberts Olga , Chiari Sybille , Völler Sonja , Mayrhuber Elisabeth S. , Mandl Sylvia , Monson Kate 
Published: August 2015

Despite several decades of research on more effectively communicating climate change to the general public, there is only a limited amount of knowledge about how young people engage with an issue that will shape and define their generation. We provide a thorough review of international studies in this area, drawing on survey data and qualitative research. The review is organized into two main sections. The first briefly situates young people's engagement with climate change relative to other concerns and examines levels of awareness, concern and ‘scepticism’ among this age group. The second focuses on four key determinants of effective climate change communication and assess whether young people differ in any appreciable way from research findings relating to the general population. The four factors are the role of values and worldviews in determining climate change views; the efficacy of ‘information‐based’ interventions; the ‘psychological distance’ of climate change and message framing; and the role of trusted messengers. In the concluding section we discuss the implications for engaging young people more effectively and explore possibilities for future research. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:523–534. doi: 10.1002/wcc.353This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses
Prognostic Impact of Distribution of Lymph Node Metastases in Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: Nagasaki Toshiya , Akiyoshi Takashi , Fujimoto Yoshiya , Konishi Tsuyoshi , Nagayama Satoshi , Fukunaga Yosuke , Arai Masami , Ueno Masashi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundComplete mesocolic excision (CME) with central vascular ligation (CVL) is a well‐known concept in colon cancer surgery. However, data on the oncological benefits of CVL are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the distribution of lymph node metastases (LND) in patients with stage III colon cancer who underwent CME with CVL.MethodsIn total, 446 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for stage III colon cancer from 2005 to 2011 were analyzed. Patients were classified as having LND1 (metastases in pericolic nodes), LND2 (metastases in intermediate nodes), or LND3 (metastases in main nodes). Survival outcomes were compared among the three groups.ResultsLND1, LND2, and LND3 were identified in 299 (67.0 %), 122 (27.4 %), and 25 (5.6 %) patients, respectively. The 5‐year overall survival and relapse‐free survival (RFS) of all patients were 86.7 and 76.2 %, respectively. The 5‐year RFS of patients with LND1, LND2, and LND3 were 82.8, 65.4, and 52.0 %, respectively (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that LND2 was an independent prognostic factor for RFS (p = 0.0185), although the significance of LND3 was marginal (p = 0.0621). Among patients with pN1, the 5‐year RFS of patients with LND1 and LND2+3 were significantly different (84.4 vs. 71.5 %, respectively, p = 0.0102), and similar tendency was found between patients with pN2‐LND1 and pN2‐LND2+3 (72.6 vs. 53.1 %, p = 0.0428).ConclusionThe high 5‐year survival rates of patients with stage III colon cancer, even those with LND2 and LND3, would justify CVL as the standard procedure for advanced colon cancer.
Preoperative Sequential Portal and Hepatic Vein Embolization in Patients with Hepatobiliary Malignancy
Authors: Hwang Shin , Ha Tae‐Yong , Ko Gi‐Young , Kwon Dong‐Il , Song Gi‐Won , Jung Dong‐Hwan , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Lee Sung‐Koo , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) induces shrinkage of the embolized lobe and compensatory regeneration in the non‐embolized lobe, but does not always induce sufficient regeneration of the future remnant liver (FRL). We previously developed preoperative sequential PVE–hepatic vein embolization (HVE), and here we present our experience of treating 42 patients with sequential PVE–HVE.MethodsDuring 8‐year study period, preoperative PVE–HVE was performed on 42 patients with hepatobiliary malignancies.ResultsPrimary diseases were bile duct cancers [perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (n = 33) and diffuse bile duct cancer (n = 1)], hepatocellular carcinomas (n = 4), and intrahepatic tumors [intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n = 3) and gallbladder cancer liver invasion (n = 1)]. These patients demonstrated insufficient FRL regeneration following PVE, thus HVE was performed to induce further regeneration. No PVE–HVE procedure‐associated complications occurred. In the bile duct cancer group, FRL volume was 33.9 ± 2.2 % before PVE, 38.4 ± 1.5 % before HVE, 43.7 ± 2.1 % at surgery, and 73.6 ± 8.3 % at 2 weeks after right hepatectomy. The degree of FRL hypertrophy was 13.3 % after PVE, 28.9 % after PHV–HVE, and 117.1 % at 2 weeks after right hepatectomy. All patients except one recovered uneventfully after surgery, and the 3‐year patient survival rate was 45.1 %. In the HCC group, transarterial chemoembolization was initially performed and FRL regeneration following PVE–HVE occurred very slowly. Active FRL regeneration occurred in the liver tumor group, but rapid tumor growth was observed in 1 of 4 patients.ConclusionThe sequential application of HVE following PVE safely and effectively induces further FRL regeneration in non‐cirrhotic livers. Further validation using larger patient population and multicenter studies is needed to reliably widen the indications.
Emergency Abdominal Operations in the Elderly: A Multivariate Regression Analysis of 430 Consecutive Patients with Acute Abdomen
Authors: Ukkonen Mika , Kivivuori Antti , Rantanen Tuomo , Paajanen Hannu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study is intended to ascertain if outcome of acute abdominal surgery among elderly patients with acute abdominal pain have improved.MethodsAltogether 456 patients aged >65 years underwent emergency abdominal surgery between the years 2007 and 2009 in our hospital. After excluding emergency reoperations of elective surgery, a total of 430 consecutive patients were included in this retrospective audit. The key factors under analysis in this study were the occurrence of major complications and death from any cause within 30 days after the operation. In addition, we compared our results to our previously published data some 20 years ago.ResultsThe most common diagnoses were cholecystitis (n = 139, 32.3 %, incidence of 125 per 100,000 elderly persons), incarcerated hernia (n = 60, 13.9 %, 54/100,000), malignancy related (n = 50, 11.6 %, 45/100,000), or acute appendicitis (n = 46, 10.7 %, 41/100,000). The majority of operations (80.7 %) were performed using open technique. Of all 112 laparoscopic procedures, 25.9 % were converted to open surgery. Reoperations were rare and postoperative surgical complications were not associated with statistically significant increase in mortality, even if reoperation was needed. The 30‐day mortality and morbidity rates were 14.2 and 31.9 %, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that patient’s age (p = 0.014), atrial fibrillation (p = 0.017), low body mass index (p = 0.001), open surgery (p = 0.029), ASA grade III or more (p < 0.001), and previous history of malignancies (p = 0.010) were likely to increase mortality.ConclusionsDespite modern diagnostics and improved surgical techniques, the results of emergency abdominal surgery still have relatively high morbidity and mortality as reported in earlier studies.
The Riphean Meteshikha island-arc peridotite–gabbro massif (western Transbaikalia)
Authors: Orsoev D.A. , Mekhonoshin A.S. , Gordienko I.V. , Badmatsyrenova R.A. , Kanakin S.V. , Travin A.V. , Volkova M.G. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
New data are presented on the geologic structure, age, petrogeochemical composition, and conditions of formation of the Late Proterozoic Meteshikha ultramafic–mafic pluton of the Ikat complex. Mafic rocks are the main rocks of the massif, whereas ultramafic rocks are secondary; both of them correspond to two intrusive phases. The first phase includes a layered rock series enriched in intercumulus amphibole, which varies in composition from olivine gabbro to leucocratic gabbro-anorthosite; the second is composed of wehrlite, plagiowehrlite, and olivine clinopyroxenite. Mineralogical, petrographic, geochemical, and isotope studies show that the rocks of both phases crystallized from the same mantle melt; note that the PT-conditions of their formation were considerably different. We suppose that they were separated in the intermediate chamber during fractional crystallization and the accumulation of early minerals (olivine and, probably, clinopyroxene) in the lower part of the chamber. Using the COMAGMAT software, we have found the composition of the parental melt for the rocks of the first phase—normal tholeiitic basalt with 0.2–0.5 wt.% water, which might have crystallized at 3.0–3.5 kbar and the oxygen activity controlled by the QFM buffer. The differentiated series is characterized by gradual depletion with Cr and Ni and enrichment with Sr, Ti, Cu, and REE during the evolution of melt. The REE patterns for the massif rocks have a similar low-fractionation trend with domination of light lanthanides over heavy ones and (La/Yb)N = 1.25–2.75. Multielement spectra are characterized by negative anomalies of K, Th, Nb, and Zr and positive anomalies of Ba, U, Sm, and Sr. The geochemical characteristics of the rocks are similar to those of the tholeiitic basalts of present-day island arcs. Studies show that the Meteshikha massif formed in the subduction setting of the active margin of the Siberian continent in the Late Riphean (809 Ma). © 2015, V.S. Sobolev IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Vendian–Early Paleozoic granitoid magmatism in Eastern Tuva
Authors: Rudnev S.N. , Serov P.A. , Kiseleva V.Yu. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We summarize results of geological, geochronological, petrogeochemical, and isotope-geochemical (Sr–Nd) studies of Late Vendian–Early Paleozoic granitoid batholiths in Eastern Tuva (Kaa-Khem, East Tannu-Ola, Khamsara, etc.). Analysis of geochronological (U–Pb, Ar–Ar) data has shown that the Late Vendian–Early Paleozoic granitoids in Eastern Tuva formed in several stages in the time interval 562–450 Ma and at different geodynamic stages of the regional evolution: island-arc (562–518 Ma) and accretion–collision (500–450 Ma), with the latter stage characterized by more intense granitoid magmatism. Diorite–tonalite–plagiogranite associations with different petrogeochemical parameters are the most widespread in the region. Petrogeochemical studies of the Late Vendian–Early Paleozoic plagiogranitoid associations have revealed high- and low-alumina varieties reflecting different conditions of formation of parental melts. At the island-arc stage of the regional evolution, only low-alumina plagiogranites of tholeiitic (M-type) and calc-alkalic (I-type) series formed. Their parental melts were generated at 3–8 kbar through the partial melting of N-MORB-type metabasalts in equilibrium with amphibole restite. Isotope-geochemical studies have shown positive εNd values (6.9–6.3) and low Sr isotope ratios ((87Sr/86Sr)0 = 0.7034–0.7046). The lower (as compared with the depleted mantle) εNd values and specific petrogeochemical composition (negative Nb–Ta and Ti anomalies) of the plagiogranites reflect the subduction nature of metabasic substratum and the subordinate role of ancient crustal material. At the accretion–collision stage of the regional evolution, high- and low-alumina plagiogranitoids of calc-alkalic series (I-type) formed. The high-alumina plagiogranitoids are products of melting of N-MORB-type metabasalts in equilibrium with garnet restite at ≥ 15 kbar in the lower part of the collisional structures, and the low-alumina ones formed through the melting of metabasites in equilibrium with amphibole restite at ≤ 8 kbar in the upper part of the same structures. The Sr–Nd isotope data for the high- and low-alumina plagiogranitoids generated at the accretion–collision stage show that the rejuvenation of rocks is accompanied by the decrease in εNd (from 6.2 to 3.4) and the increase in their model Nd age TNd(DM) (from 0.73 to 0.92 Ga) and (87Sr/86Sr)0 (0.7036–0.7048). This points to the essentially metabasic composition of the parental substratum, as in the case of the island-arc plagiogranitoids, and the progressive supply of ancient crustal material to the magma generation zone.
Late Pleistocene–Holocene coseismic deformations in the Malyi Yaloman River Valley (Gorny Altai)
Authors: Deev E.V. , Zolnikov I.D. , Lobova E.Yu. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Palaeoseismological studies were performed within the Yaloman graben (Gorny Altai). Five Quaternary sections with coseismic deformation structures (seismites) have been recognized in the lower course of the Malyi Yaloman River. Traces of ancient earthquakes are localized at two levels (Late Pleistocene–Holocene). The most likely mechanisms of the seismite formation are brittle failure, liquefaction, and fluidization. The types of coseismic deformations and their sizes suggest that the Yaloman graben was the locus of prehistoric earthquakes with M ≥ 5–7, although modern-day seismic activity consists of smaller-magnitude earthquakes. This should be taken into account in assessing the seismic hazards during construction of gas pipeline to China and tourism infrastructure facilities.
Reconstruction of the Peretolchin Glacier fluctuation (East Sayan) during the 20th century inferred from the bottom sediments of proglacial Lake Ekhoi
Authors: Stepanova O.G. , Trunova V.A. , Zvereva V.V. , Mel’gunov M.S. , Petrovskii S.K. , Krapivina S.M. , Fedotov A.P. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We present results of study of the bottom sediments of proglacial Lake Ekhoi, which is fed with the Peretolchin Glacier meltwater (East Sayan). The bottom deposit sequence, formed from 1885 to 2013, was investigated with a year–season time resolution, using X-ray fluorescence with synchrotron radiation (with and without scanning), the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and color processing of core photos. The depth–age model of the core was based on counting of annual laminate layers with control by 210Pb, 137Cs, 238U, and 226Ra chronology. Intense glacier thawing was calculated from the amount of clastic matter supplied by the glacier meltwater into the lake. The elemental composition of the bottom sediments includes three groups reflecting periods of displacement of the glacier front and the intensity of evolution of aquatic biota. The first group of elements (Ca, K, Ti, Fe, and Mn) characterizes the supply of clastic matter without serious changes in the glacier edges. The second group (Ni, Cu, Br, and U) is responsible for the intensity of evolution of aquatic biota. Finally, the third group (Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Y, and Th) can describe the intensity of displacement of the glacier front. Intensive glacier thawing has proceeded since 1920; however, the glacier retreat was insignificant till 1947. From 1947 to 1970, the glacier rapidly retreated, especially in the period 1953–1970. This was induced by steady high regional summer surface temperature in 1938–1970. The following glacier retreat was during 1980–2000, synchronously with the global temperature anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere. Since 2000, the melting has slowed.
To the problem of refining the western and eastern boundaries of the Achimov clinoform complex (West Siberia)
Authors: Borodkin V.N. , Kurchikov A.R. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A brief summary of different viewpoints on the sedimentation model for the Achimov rock unit in West Siberia is presented. The differences in the concepts of the rock unit structure have led to ambiguous approaches to mapping of the boundaries of its area. Our study of the clinoform structural model for Neocomian section yielded geological and geophysical data substantiating the positions of the western and eastern boundaries of the Achimov rock unit.
Genesis of ultramafic rocks of the Alkhadyr terrane (East Sayan, Siberia): implications from the data on Cr-spinel compositions
Authors: Benedyuk Yu.P. , Simonov V.A. , Mekhonoshin A.S. , Kolotilina T.B. , Stupakov S.I. , Doroshkov A.A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the first geochemical data on Cr-spinels from ultramafic rocks of the Alkhadyr terrane, which were obtained on a representative collection of samples using modern research methods. The compositional data on melt inclusions allowed the identification of three generations of Cr-spinels on the basis of their morphology, composition, and relationships with the rock-forming minerals. Different types of geochemical zoning were recognized in heterogeneous Cr-spinel grains. The composition of parental melt and crystallization temperatures of the minerals in ultramafic rocks were derived from the compositional data on Cr-spinels and trapped melt inclusions.
Optimal difference schemes for Maxwell’s equations in solving forward problems of electromagnetic soundings
Authors: Mastryukov A.F. , Mikhailenko B.G. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this paper, the solution of two-dimensional Maxwell’s equations is considered using the Laguerre transform. Optimal parameters of the difference schemes for the equations are obtained and presented. Numerical values of these optimal parameters are given. Second-order difference schemes with the optimal parameters provide an accuracy of the solution of the equations that is comparable to the accuracy of the solution using fourth-order schemes. It is shown that, when using the Laguerre transform, the number of optimal parameters can be reduced compared to the Fourier transform. This reduction leads to a simplification of the difference scheme and a reduction in the amount of computation, i.e., to efficiency of the algorithm.
Crafting Sport History Behind Bars: Wrestling with State Patronage and Colonial Confinement in Kenya
Authors: Carotenuto Matthew 
Published: August 2015

Abstract:This article explores how indigenous games such as wrestling were marginalized during the colonial era and the contemporary impact of this legacy. Through the sport of wrestling’s neotraditional resurgence, I argue that the sport’s contemporary iteration which emerged behind the imposing walls of Kenya’s penitentiaries provides an important window into historic discourse and state control of sport rooted in the colonial past. Paying close attention to the methodological challenges and opportunities researchers of indigenous sport face, the article also examines the sources available for scholars interested in investigating the social history of indigenous sport in Africa.
Long-pulse, single-frequency 1064 nm laser and frequency doubling
Authors: Xu Xiafei , Xie Gang , Lu Yanhua , Zhang Lei , Wan Min 
Published: August 2015

An all-solid-state single-frequency 1064 nm laser with a

$100~{\rm\mu}\text{s}$

pulse width, 500 Hz repetition rate and 700 mJ single pulse energy is designed using seed injection and a three-stage master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) construction. Using this as a basis, research on long-pulse laser frequency doubling is carried out. By designing and optimizing the lithium triborate (LBO) crystal, the theoretically calculated maximum conversion efficiency

${\it\eta}_{\max }$

reaches 68% at

$M^{2}=1$

, while

${\it\eta}_{\min }$

is 33% at

$M^{2}=3$

. Generation of 212 mJ pulses of green light with a repetition rate as high as 500 Hz is obtained from a fundamental energy of 700 mJ. The experimental conversion efficiency reaches 31% and the power stability is better than

$\pm 1\%$

.