bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recyclable Palladium Catalysts for the Heck/Sonogashira Reaction under Microwave‐assisted Thermomorphic Conditions
Authors: Lu Norman , Lin Kwan‐Yu , Li Chieh‐Keng , Kung Chih‐Chieh , Yeh Yun‐Peng , Cheng Yao‐Yi , Liu Ling‐Kang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe reaction of allyl palladium(II) chloride dimer and 4,4′‐bis(RfCH2OCH2)‐2,2′‐bpy, 1a–b, in the presence of AgOTf resulted in the synthesis of cationic palladium complex, [Pd(η3‐allyl)(4,4′‐bis‐(RfCH2OCH2)‐2,2′‐bpy)](OTf), 2a–b where Rf = C9F19 (a), C10F21 (b), respectively. The reaction of [PdCl2(CH3CN)] or K2PdCl4 with 1b, gave rise to the synthesis of [PdCl2(4,4′‐bis‐(C10F21CH2OCH2)‐2,2′‐bpy)], 3b. The quantitatively determined solubility curves of 2a–b and 3b in DMF indicated dramatic increase of solubility for 2a–b and 3b from −40 to 90 °C. The catalyst‐recoverable Pd‐catalyzed Heck/Sonogashira reactions were successfully achieved in DMF with microwave‐assistance. The cationic Pd‐catalyzed Heck arylation of methyl acrylate was selected to demonstrate the feasibility of recycling 2a–b using DMF as a solvent under microwave‐assisted thermomorphic conditions. At the end of each cycle, the product mixtures were cooled, and then the catalysts were recovered by decantation. The Heck arylation catalyzed by 2b under microwave‐assisted mode exhibited good recycling results favoring the trans product. To our knowledge, this is the first example of cationic Pd‐catalyzed Heck arylation under microwave‐assisted thermomorphic conditions. Additionally, recoverable 3b‐catalyzed Sonogashira reactions were also achieved successfully in DMF. The reactions under microwave‐assistance gave much better results in yield and in efficiency than that under conventional thermal heating.
A Mild and Simple One‐pot Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives Using DDQ as an Efficient Oxidant at Room Temperature
Authors: Naeimi Hossein , Babaei Zahra 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA series of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles were prepared through one‐pot reaction of o‐phenylenediamine with various aryl aldehydes in the presence of 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) in acetonitrile as solvent at room temperature. The reactions were smoothly preceded in excellent yields and short reaction times with an easy work‐up. The pure benzimidazoles as products were confirmed and characterized by physical and spectral data.
Electrochemical Sensor for Arabinose Based on Template‐free Pb/Cd Branched Nanorods on Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Farkhondeh Golay , Sabzi Reza E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this paper, the electrochemical behavior of glassy carbon electrodes modified with Cd/Pb (GC/Cd/Pb) branched nanorodes (NRs) was studied using cyclic voltammetry technique. The obtained results showed that the branched nanorods of Cd/Pb can be readily prepared without any templates. The modified electrode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The electrocatalytic behavior of GC/Cd/Pb electrode showed an increase in oxidation signal of arabinose by increasing its concentration. The catalytic current was linearly related to arabinose concentration in the range of 0.6 to 6.8 μM with a limit of detection 0.2 μM.
Transoral robotic surgery for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: Factors predicting surgical response
Authors: Lin Ho‐Sheng , Rowley James A. , Folbe Adam J. , Yoo George H. , Badr M. Safwan , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2014

Objectives/HypothesisWe reviewed our experience with the use of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for base of tongue (BOT) reduction either alone or as part of multilevel strategy in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in order to identify clinical characteristics that may be associated with surgical response.Study DesignCase series.MethodsBetween June 2010 and May 2014, BOT reduction via TORS ± partial epiglottectomy ± uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were performed on 72 patients with OSAHS. Thirty‐nine patients (15 females and 24 males) with complete preoperative and postoperative clinical information including polysomnograms were included in this study.ResultsMean apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) was 43.9 ± 32.3 preoperatively and 21.9 ± 23.5 postoperatively and reflected a statistically significant (P < 0.001) AHI reduction of 50.9% ± 38.1%. Statistical significant reduction in daytime somnolence, as measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale (15.6 ± 5.4 preoperatively vs. 5.7 ± 4.3 postoperatively; P < 0.001), was also achieved. No statistical significant difference was found between preoperative and postoperative body mass index (BMI) (32.9 ± 7.0 vs. 32.4 ± 7.3; P = 0.270). Surgical response, as defined by > 50% reduction in AHI and final AHI < 15 with resolution of daytime somnolence, was achieved in 21 patients (53.8%). Clinical characteristics found to be significantly different between the responders and nonresponders were BMI, AHI, and lateral velopharyngeal collapse. Patients with BMI < 30, AHI < 60, or absence of lateral velopharyngeal collapse have excellent surgical response rate of 88.2%, 67.9%, or 66.7%, respectively.ConclusionsWe identified three clinical characteristics associated with increased surgical response rate. This finding may be useful for patient selection and counseling prior to surgery.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1013–1020, 2015
Effect of the Pillar implant on snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnea: A multicenter study in Korea
Authors: Choi Ji H. , Cho Jae H. , Chung Yoo‐Sam , Kim Jeong‐Whun , Kim Sung W. 
Published: October 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe effect of the Pillar implant on mild sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) has been assessed in various studies. However, most of these were conducted among a non‐Asian population at a single institution. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of the Pillar implant in Asian patients with simple snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) at multiple centers.Study DesignMulticenter prospective clinical trials.MethodsThis study included consecutive subjects with simple snoring or mild OSA. We examined subjective symptoms (snoring intensity, frequency, witnessed apnea, and daytime sleepiness) and objective snoring and respiratory parameters (snoring duration [proportion of sleep while snoring louder than 50 dB], snoring loudness, apnea–hypopnea index, respiratory disturbance index, minimum arterial oxygen saturation, and oxygen desaturation index ≥ 4%) at 3 to 6 months after surgery. Adverse events were also investigated.ResultsTwenty‐nine subjects with mild SDB completed the study. Whole group analysis found significant improvements in various subjective symptoms, but not in the objective snoring and respiratory parameters. A subgroup analysis of subjects with mild OSA (n = 11) found significant alleviation in various subjective symptoms, apnea–hypopnea index, respiratory disturbance index, and oxygen desaturation index ≥ 4%. No major complication related to surgery was observed, and most minor adverse effects were resolved without morbidity.ConclusionsIn selected Korean patients, the Pillar implant significantly improved not only subjective symptoms of mild SDB but also respiratory disturbances in mild OSA.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 125:1239–1243, 2014
The role of second trimester uterine artery Doppler in pregnancies with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Pagani Giorgio , Reggia Rossella , Andreoli Laura , Prefumo Federico , Zatti Sonia , Lojacono Andrea , Tincani Angela , Frusca Tiziana 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this article is to assess the predictive value of second trimester mean uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index (mUtA PI) for pregnancy complications in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsCohort study of consecutive pregnancies complicated with SLE during a period of 12 years is used. SLE diagnosis was made before pregnancy. mUtA PI was measured between 23 + 0 and 26 + 6 weeks' gestation. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were collected. Small for gestational age (SGA) was defined as birth weight <10th percentile. Adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) was defined as one of the following: pre‐eclampsia (PE), SGA, placental abruption, stillbirth, or neonatal death. Differential diagnosis between PE and renal flare was made according to SLE‐disease activity index.ResultsThere are 70 pregnancies in 64 women. PE was observed in four cases (6%), SGA in five cases (7%), and APO in seven cases (10%). mUtA PI showed a sensitivity and a specificity of 1.0 (95% CI 0.5–1.0) and 1.0 (95% CI 0.95–1.0) for PE, 0.40 (95% CI 0.12–0.77) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.89–0.99) for SGA, and 0.57 (95% CI 0.25–0.84) and 1.0 (95% CI 0.94–1.0) for APO, respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggest that uterine artery Doppler is confirmed to be a high sensitivity and a high specificity test for predicting PE even in SLE patients. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cranial and cerebral signs in the diagnosis of spina bifida between 18 and 22 weeks of gestation: a German multicentre study
Authors: Bahlmann F. , Reinhard I. , Schramm T. , Geipel A. , Gembruch U. , von Kaisenberg C. S. , Schmitz R. , Stupin J. , Chaoui R. , Karl K. , Kalache K. , Faschingbauer F. , Ponnath M. , Rempen A. , Kozlowski P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this article is to study secondary cranial signs in fetuses with spina bifida in a precisely defined screening period between 18 + 0 and 22 + 0 weeks of gestation.MethodOn the basis of retrospective analysis of 627 fetuses with spina bifida, the value of indirect cranial and cerebral markers was assessed by well‐trained ultrasonographers in 13 different prenatal centres in accordance with the ISUOG (International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology) guidelines on fetal neurosonography.ResultsOpen spina bifida was diagnosed in 98.9% of cases whereas 1.1% was closed spina bifida. Associated chromosomal abnormalities were found in 6.2%. The banana and lemon signs were evident in 97.1% and 88.6% of cases. Obliteration of the cisterna magna was seen in 96.7%. Cerebellar diameter, head circumference and biparietal diameter were below the 5th percentile in chromosomally normal fetuses in 72.5%, 69.7% and 52%, respectively. The width of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle was above the 95th percentile in 57.7%. The secondary cranial and cerebral signs were dependent on fetal chromosome status and width of the posterior horn. Biparietal diameter was also dependent on the chromosome status with statistical significance p = 0.0068. Pregnancy was terminated in 89.6% of cases.ConclusionIn standard measuring planes, lemon sign, banana sign and an inability to image the cistern magna are very reliable indirect ultrasound markers of spina bifida. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A highly efficient receiver for satellite‐based automatic identification system signal detection
Authors: Colavolpe Giulio , Foggi Tommaso , Ugolini Alessandro , Lizarraga Juan , Cioni Stefano , Ginesi Alberto 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAn innovative receiver architecture for the satellite‐based automatic identification system has been recently proposed. In this paper, we describe a few modifications that can be introduced on the algorithms for synchronization and detection, which provide an impressive performance improvement. The receiver architecture has been designed for an on‐board implementation, and a prototype has been implemented by the University of Parma and CGS S.p.A. Compagnia Generale per lo Spazio under the European Space Agency project FENICE (Flexible innovative AIS receiver prototype). A few modifications are also here described that could allow a further performance improvement in case of processing moved to ground‐based stations, based on a priori information there available. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescent trust and trustworthiness: Role of gender and social value orientation
Authors: Derks Jeffrey , Lee Nikki C. , Krabbendam Lydia 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTTrusting others is an essential feature of adolescent development. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in trusting behavior using an experimental game and relate these to the underlying social preferences. 206 adolescents (Mage = 15.1 years, 51% girls) performed a series of one‐shot Trust Games to measure their levels of trust and trustworthiness. Social value orientation, or the preference to maximize one's own outcomes (proself) or both the outcomes of self and other (prosocial) was assessed using the Triple Dominance Measure. Boys were more trusting than girls, but no gender differences on trustworthiness were found. Prosocials were more trusting and trustworthy than proselfs. In addition, gender and social value orientation were independent predictors of trust (but not trustworthiness). These findings show that the higher levels of trust in boys are not the result of a gender difference in prosocial orientation.
Brief report: Cyberbullying perpetration and its associations with socio‐demographics, aggressive behaviour at school, and mental health outcomes
Authors: Fletcher Adam , Fitzgerald‐Yau Natasha , Jones Rebecca , Allen Elizabeth , Viner Russell M. , Bonell Chris 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTRelatively little is known about those who cyberbully others, especially in a UK context. We drew on data from 1144 young people aged 12–13 in eight English secondary schools to examine the prevalence of cyberbullying perpetration and its associations with socio‐demographics, other behaviours, and health outcomes. Overall, 14.1% of respondents reported ever cyberbullying others with no significant differences by gender or socio‐economic status. Drawing on mixed‐effects logistic regression models, first we found a strong, dose–response relationship between aggressive behaviour at school and cyberbullying others, suggesting that cyberbullying may not only be a facet of wider patterns of bullying but also of aggression more broadly. Second, cyberbullying others was associated with poorer quality of life and with psychological difficulties but not with peer/social problems or worse mental wellbeing. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess whether such associations are causal.
Knowledge about cervical cancer screening and perception of risk among women attending outpatient clinics in rural Kenya
Authors: Rosser Joelle I. , Njoroge Betty , Huchko Megan J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate cervical cancer knowledge, risk perception, and screening intention among women attending outpatient clinics in rural Kenya.MethodsA cross‐sectional oral survey was conducted among non‐pregnant women aged 23–64 years who attended one of 11 western Kenyan health facilities for any reason between March 25 and April 26, 2013. Demographic and clinical predictors were identified using bivariate and multivariate regression analyses.ResultsAmong 419 participants, 327 (78.0%) had heard of cervical cancer screening. Nevertheless, their specific knowledge was low (mean score 8.6 ± 2.4 [out of 15.0]). Overall, 288 (68.7%) women felt at risk for cervical cancer, and 333 (79.5%) stated that they would undergo screening if offered. Women who intended to undergo screening were less likely to attend a district hospital (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–0.6) and more likely to have been diagnosed with HIV more than 4 years previously (AOR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2–0.6). Additionally, increased screening acceptance was associated with high knowledge scores (P = 0.004).ConclusionEducational interventions to increase knowledge about cervical cancer might increase screening uptake in low‐income settings. Additionally, improvements in services at local health facilities could have a large effect.
Voices of discontent: Student protest participation in Romania
Authors: Burean Toma , Badescu Gabriel 
Published: October 2014

In January 2012, in several cities of Romania, people turned out to streets to protest. The protests were linked to the wave of movements such as the Indignados or Occupy Wall Street. The students were especially visible among protesters. In this paper, we show that the profile of protests in Romania witnessed a significant shift from workers strikes for higher wages and better jobs, during communism and in the 1990ies, to social movements in which young urban educated citizens mobilize with the help of social networks for issues that are linked to the quality of democracy and life.
Furthermore, the shift in protesting is associated, at the individual level, with distrust of the political system, which stimulates engaging in demonstrations. Interestingly, online activism accelerates the feeling of shared distrust of institutions, motivating youth to engage in protest participation, although the effects might be moderate and the causal arrow somewhat uncertain. The hypotheses are tested with data from a general survey on participation in 2012 and a student survey from October 2012. We find that gender, distrust in institutions and family income influence protest behavior. Time spent online has a negative effect on protest engagement and online activism is related to protest behavior.
Co-H-Spaces and Almost Localization
Authors: Costoya Cristina , Iwase Norio 
Published: October 2014

AbstractApart from simply connected spaces, a non-simply connected co-H-space is a typical example of a space X with a coaction of Bπ1 (X) along rX: X → Bπ1 (X), the classifying map of the universal covering. If such a space X is actually a co-H-space, then the fibrewise p-localization of rX (or the ‘almost’ p-localization of X) is a fibrewise co-H-space (or an ‘almost’ co-H-space, respectively) for every prime p. In this paper, we show that the converse statement is true, i.e. for a non-simply connected space X with a coaction of Bπ1 (X) along rX, X is a co-H-space if, for every prime p, the almost p-localization of X is an almost co-H-space.
The role of traditional beliefs in conservation of herpetofauna in Banten, Indonesia
Authors: Uyeda Linda T. , Iskandar Entang , Purbatrapsila Azhari , Pamungkas Joko , Wirsing Aaron , Kyes Randall C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSocial taboos have been increasingly recognized for their role in determining human behaviour. Such informal institutions may also, in some instances, guide practices that serve as effective conservation measures. Here we present a case in Banten, Indonesia, where a local taboo has discouraged the collection of two herpetofaunal species, the water monitor lizard Varanus salvator and the reticulated python Python reticulatus, on Tinjil Island, an undeveloped island off the coast of Java. The taboo is not observed in the nearby mainland villages of Muara Dua and Cisiih, where the two species may be harvested for skin or meat, and where the water monitor may also be killed as a pest. Water monitors and reticulated pythons figure prominently in the international reptile leather trade, with skins produced from Indonesia's wild populations representing the highest percentage of total global exports of both lizard and snake skins. The site-specific taboo documented here provides a strong deterrent to collection of these species in a location where they could be subject to illicit harvest as populations in nearby mainland areas decrease. Preliminary evidence also suggests that belief in forest guardian spirits may extend protection to other wildlife species on Tinjil Island.
Diet is a major factor governing the fecal butyrate-producing community structure across Mammalia, Aves and Reptilia
Authors: Vital Marius , Gao Jiarong , Rizzo Mike , Harrison Tara , Tiedje James M 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Butyrate-producing bacteria have an important role in maintaining host health. They are well studied in human and medically associated animal models; however, much less is known for other Vertebrata. We investigated the butyrate-producing community in hindgut-fermenting Mammalia (n=38), Aves (n=8) and Reptilia (n=8) using a gene-targeted pyrosequencing approach of the terminal genes of the main butyrate-synthesis pathways, namely butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase (but) and butyrate kinase (buk). Most animals exhibit high gene abundances, and clear diet-specific signatures were detected with but genes significantly enriched in omnivores and herbivores compared with carnivores. But dominated the butyrate-producing community in these two groups, whereas buk was more abundant in many carnivorous animals. Clustering of protein sequences (5% cutoff) of the combined communities (but and buk) placed carnivores apart from other diet groups, except for noncarnivorous Carnivora, which clustered together with carnivores. The majority of clusters (but: 5141 and buk: 2924) did not show close relation to any reference sequences from public databases (identity &lt;90%) demonstrating a large ‘unknown diversity’. Each diet group had abundant signature taxa, where buk genes linked to Clostridium perfringens dominated in carnivores and but genes associated with Ruminococcaceae bacterium D16 were specific for herbivores and omnivores. Whereas 16S rRNA gene analysis showed similar overall patterns, it was unable to reveal communities at the same depth and resolution as the functional gene-targeted approach. This study demonstrates that butyrate producers are abundant across vertebrates exhibiting great functional redundancy and that diet is the primary determinant governing the composition of the butyrate-producing guild.
A novel cohabitation between two diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the oligotrophic ocean
Authors: Momper Lily M , Reese Brandi Kiel , Carvalho Gustavo , Lee Patrick , Webb Eric A 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The cyanobacterial genus Trichodesmium is biogeochemically significant because of its dual role in nitrogen and carbon fixation in the oligotrophic ocean. Trichodesmium species form colonies that can be easily enriched from the water column and used for shipboard rate measurements to estimate their contribution to oceanic carbon and nitrogen budgets. During a July 2010 cruise near the Hawaiian Islands in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, a specific morphology of Trichodesmium puff-form colonies were examined under epifluorescent microscopy and found to harbor a colonial endobiont, morphologically identified as the heterocystous diazotrophic cyanobacterium Calothrix. Using unialgal enrichments obtained from this cruise, we show that these Calothrix-like heterocystous cyanobionts (hetDA for ‘Trichodesmium-associated heterocystous diazotroph’) fix nitrogen on a diurnal cycle (maximally in the middle of the light cycle with a detectable minimum in the dark). Gene sequencing of nifH from the enrichments revealed that this genus was likely not quantified using currently described quantitative PCR (qPCR) primers. Guided by the sequence from the isolate, new hetDA-specific primers were designed and subsequent qPCR of environmental samples detected this diazotroph from surface water to a depth of 150 m, reaching densities up to ∼9 × 103 l−1. Based on phylogenetic relatedness of nifH and 16S rRNA gene sequences, it is predicted that the distribution of this cyanobiont is not limited to subtropical North Pacific but likely reaches to the South Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Therefore, this previously unrecognized cohabitation, if it reaches beyond the oligotrophic North Pacific, could potentially influence Trichodesmium-derived nitrogen fixation budgets in the world ocean.