bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the First Years of Life – Onset, Initial
Treatment, and Early Disease Course
Authors: Ziegler J. , Tittel S. R. , Biester T. , Kapellen T. , Dost A. , Rochow N. , Barbarini D.Seick , Böhle A. , Galler A. , Holl R. W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective This study investigated the onset and the choice of treatment in
children with very early onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D).
Methods The study included 5,763 patients from the German Diabetes Patient
Follow-up registry with onset of T1D in the first 4 years of life from January
2010 – June 2022. The analysis included diabetes-specific parameters,
anthropometric data, and mode of treatment at onset, within the first and second
year of T1D. Three groups were compared according to age at onset (G1: 223
patients 6–<12 months, G2: 1519 patients 12–<24 months, G3: 4001 patients
24–48 months).
Results In 12.3% of all cases in childhood and adolescence, the incidence
of diabetes in the first 4 years of life was rare. At the onset, clinical status
was worse and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) rates were higher in G1 and G2 (52.3%
and 46.5%, respectively) compared to G3 (27.3% (p<0.001)). G1 and G2 were
significantly more likely to be treated with insulin pump therapy (CSII) 2 years
after onset (98.1% and 94.1%, respectively)) compared to G3 (85.8%, p<0.001).
Median HbA1c after 2 years did not differ between groups (G1: 7.27%
(56.0 mmol/mol), G2: 7.34% (56.7 mmol/mol) and G3: 7.27% (56.0 mmol/mol)) or
when comparing CSII vs MDI. The rate of severe hypoglycemia (SH) and DKA during
the first 2 years of treatment did not differ among the three groups, ranging
from 1.83–2.63/100 patient-years (PY) for DKA and 9.37–24.2/100 PY for SH.
Children with T1D under 4 years of age are more likely to be diagnosed with
celiac disease but less likely to have thyroiditis than older children with
T1DM.
Conclusions Young children with T1D had high rates of DKA at onset and
were predominantly treated with insulin pump therapy during the first 2 years.
The median HbA1c for all three groups was<7.5% (58 mmol/mol) without
increased risk of SH or DKA. The use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was
not associated with lower HbA1c in children under 48 months.
Tensile Strength of Nerve Bridging Models Using Collagen Nerve Conduits
Authors: Hattori Yusuke , Takeda Shinsuke , Usami Takuya , Shibata Ryutaro , Takahashi Hiroshi , Joyo Yuji , Kawaguchi Yohei , Okamoto Hideki , Murakami Hideki , Paholpak Permsak , Ota Hideyuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background In the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries with nerve defects, second-generation collagen-based conduits, such as Renerve® (Nipro, Osaka, Japan), have shown the potential for promoting nerve regeneration. However, there is concern related to the weak material properties. No previous studies have addressed the strength of the bridging model using collagen conduits. This study aimed to investigate the tensile strength and failure patterns in nerve defect models bridged with Renerve® conduits through biomechanical research.
Methods Using fresh chicken sciatic nerves, we examined the maximum failure load of four groups: bridging models using Renerve® with one suture (group A), with two sutures (group B), with three sutures (group C), and end-to-end neurorrhaphy models with two sutures (group N). Each group had eight specimens. We also evaluated failure patterns of the specimens.
Results Group N showed a significantly higher maximum failure load (0.96 ± 0.13 N) compared to groups A (0.23 ± 0.06 N, p < 0.0001), B (0.29 ± 0.05 N, p < 0.0001), and C (0.40 ± 0.10 N, p < 0.0001). Regarding failure patterns, all specimens in group A showed nerve-end dislocation from the conduit. Two specimens in group B and three specimens in group C failed due to circumferential cracks in the conduit. Six specimens in group B and five specimens in group C exhibited cutting out of sutures from the conduit.
Conclusion This study suggests that the number of sutures in synthetic collagen nerve conduits has little effect on the maximum failure load. To take advantage of its biomaterial benefits, a period of postoperative range of motion restriction may be required.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed Tail-to-Tail Dimerization of Acrylamides
Authors: Zhou Bingwei , Zhao Chensheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe tail-to-tail dimerization of acrylamides enables the formation of diamides. However, only one example of N,N-dimethylacrylamide has been described in the literature. Herein, an NHC-catalyzed tail-to-tail dimerization of acrylamides in moderate to excellent yields is presented. In this context, N-arylacrylamides are susceptible to the dimerization reaction, which features high reaction efficiency, good E-selectivity, and easy operation.
Ellingham diagrams of binary oxides
Authors: Shang Shun-Li , Lin Shuang , Gao Michael C. , Schlom Darrell G. , Liu Zi-Kui 
Published: August 2024

Controlling the oxidation state of constituents by tuning the oxidizing environment and materials chemistry is vital to the successful synthesis of targeted binary or multicomponent oxides. We have conducted a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of 137 binary oxides to calculate their Ellingham diagrams. It is found that the “reactive” elements that oxidize easily are the f-block elements (lanthanides and actinides), elements in groups II, III, and IV (alkaline earth, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, and Hf), and Al and Li. In contrast, the “noble” elements are easily reduced. These are coinage metals (Cu, Ag, and especially Au), Pt-group elements, and Hg and Se. Machine learning-based sequential feature selection indicates that the ease of oxidation can be represented by the electronic structures of pure elements, for example, their d- and s-valence electrons, Mendeleev numbers, and groups, making the Periodic Table a useful tool for qualitatively assessing the ease of oxidation. The other elemental features that weakly correlate with the ease of oxidation are thermochemical properties such as melting points and the standard entropy at 298 K of pure elements. Applying Ellingham diagrams enables the oxidation of multicomponent materials to be predicted, such as the Fe–20Cr–20Ni alloy (in wt. %) and the equimolar high entropy alloy of AlCoCrFeNi. These Ellingham diagram-based predictions are in accordance with thermodynamic calculations using the CALPHAD approach and experimental observations in the literature.
Design of a low frequency, density profile reflectometer system for the MAST-U spherical tokamak
Authors: Rhodes T. L. , Peebles W. A. , Zeng Lei , Hall-Chen Valerian , Ronald Kevin , Kubota S. , Meng Yusong , Lantsov R. , Michael C. M. , Crocker N. A. , Scannell R. 
Published: August 2024

Validated and accurate edge profiles (temperature, density, etc.) are vitally important to the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak Upgrade (MAST-U) divertor and confinement effort. Density profile reflectometry has the potential to significantly add to the measurement capabilities currently available on MAST-U (e.g., Thomson scattering and Langmuir probes). This work presents the diagnostic requirements, problems, and solutions facing profile reflectometry in spherical tokamaks and MAST-U in particular. Requirements include density measurements near zero electron density in the scrape off layer region, coverage for a broad range of MAST-U plasma parameters, high time (≤10 microseconds) and spatial resolutions (≤1 cm), reliability, and identification of the plasma start frequency.
New insights on the signature change via the Colombeau framework
Authors: Silva J A , Carvalho F C , Garcia A R G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper we propose a reinterpretation of the Mansouri–Nozari signature-change approach to the early Universe, in which the metric signature only occurs for t < 0 within the Euclidean regime, posing a challenge in providing coherent physical interpretations in advance. We ensure that the sign change occurs for t > 0 in the Euclidean regime. Our findings show that the energy-momentum tensor does not vanish on the signature-changing surface, even when we adopt conditions commonly used in the literature. Furthermore, we formulate a modified cosmology within the framework of signature-changing and discuss the modifications that our approach introduces to the cosmological equations. We establish a constraint relating the equation of state parameter and its singular part and we determine an effective equation of state as function of the redshift. Finally, we show that the law of conservation of matter in the modified ΛCDM model remains valid.
Simultaneous effects of capillary number, viscosity ratio, and contraction ratio on droplet dynamics in contraction microchannel
Authors: Hoang Van Thanh , Nguyen Thanh Tung , Truong-Le Bich-Tram , Vo Tran Anh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In microfluidic systems utilized droplets, fluid properties, flow conditions, and channel geometry play crucial roles in the movement and manipulation of droplets. This study employs methods of theoretical modeling and three-dimensional numerical simulation to investigate droplet dynamics in a contraction microchannel under the simultaneous influence of different factors, such as capillary number (Ca), viscosity ratio (λ), and contraction ratio (C). Specifically, a theoretical model is introduced for predicting the transition of droplets from trap to squeeze, and it is observed to be

C

a
I

=
f

(

C
,

λ

)

. Meanwhile, droplet dynamics are investigated for the transition from squeeze to breakup for finding critical capillary number value (Ca
II
). In addition, the critical viscosity ratio for the process from squeeze to breakup has been figured out by numerical results for a wide range of contraction ratios. Eventually, droplet dynamics including deformation, velocity ratio, and breakup during contraction microchannel are also quantitatively studied under the factors above.
A heterogenous integrated neural recording system with elastocapillary self-assembled Au-PDMS-PEG neural probe and customized ASIC
Authors: Wang Gang , You Changhua , Yang Liu , Liu Daoyin , Zeng Huanhuan , Xue Ning , Yao Lei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study presents the design and implementation of a heterogenous integrated neural recording system consisting of a flexible Au-PDMS-PEG probe and customized complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) in a standard 0.18 μm process. The flexible Au-PDMS-PEG probe was prepared by an elastocapillary self-assembled process, achieving an electrode impedance of 250 kΩ (@1 kHz). The customized CMOS ASIC contains 36 modular digital pixels (MDP). It achieves 5.69 μVrms input referred noise, 10.29 effective number of bits, 49.5 μW power consumption, and 0.092 mm2 area for a single MDP unit. Spontaneous spikes were also recorded in the mouse cortex, with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 389.2 μVPP and a signal-to-noise ratio of 19.36. Benchtop and in-vivo experiments were conducted to validate the functionality and performance of the proposed neural recording system.
Nucleic acid purification through nanoarchitectonics: magnetic bead integration with microfluidic chip technology
Authors: Priya P Ramya , Deepak K S , Dubey Satish Kumar , Goel Sanket 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purified DNA and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are crucial parts of molecular biology techniques in various fields such as genomics, forensics, and diagnostics. The proposed microfluidic device is used to perform several steps like the adsorption of DNA present in processed PCR onto bare magnetic beads, cleaning of contaminants with ethanol-diluted buffer reagent, and eluting the adsorbed DNA in an elution buffer, which is further used for downstream application. The entire sample purification is accomplished in about 25 min. A comparative analysis is conducted using a commercially available DNA purification kit. By employing the suggested microfluidic chip alongside the commercial kit, a commercial spectrophotometer is utilized to measure the purity. This is done by obtaining the A260/A280 ratio, which allows for the assessment of both the quantity and purity of the extracted DNA. The A260/A280 ratios for the spin column-based, magnetic stand-based, and microfluidic chip- based tests were 1.86, 1.98, and 1.74, respectively. The analysis of the eluted DNA findings indicated that the quality was suitable for future PCR amplification. Additionally, this microchip-based device has the potential to be utilized as a bedside device for DNA purification in point of care applications, with a purification time of 25 min.
Underwater surface discharge characteristics and multi-physical effects with conductive coating load under fast electric pulse
Authors: Han Ruoyu , Bai Jie , Yan Jiaqi , Wang Menglei , Yuan Wei , Qin Sichao , Wang Yanan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Underwater pulsed discharge, where intense reactions between ionized gas and condensed-state water exist, can be a joint problem of both physics and chemistry. The study tries to build a comprehensive visualization of nanosecond-risetime discharge initiated by a conductive coating and its successive multi-physical effects. The scenario is established via a pair of thin-plate electrodes positioned on both sides of the coating, and diagnosed using high-speed backlight photography synchronized with electrical and optical measurements. For the sprayed Cu/Ag composite coating, the current density can achieve 20 A mm−2 which is high enough to induce the surface ‘electrical explosion’ and breakup the conductive matrix within 500 ns. By increasing the discharge energy from 0.5 to 10 J, the explosion of coating can exhibit different discharge types as exploding wires. Adopting a thicker carbon foil or cermet sheet can reduce the current density and energy deposition rate, which converts the global explosion to partial ones, significantly increasing the lifetime. With the aid of the conductive coating, the breakdown delay diminishes, and hot plasma spots form in 100 ns due to non-uniform Joule heating of the pulsed current, which gradually evolve to a plasma bubble cluster above the lower-conductive coating (bypassing branch). Once the high-conductive plasma channel bridges two electrodes, it will be intensively heated (MW-level energy deposition rate) and rapidly expand, accompanied by underwater shock wave (102 kPa @30 cm) and bubble/cavity generation (20 mm maximum). Finally, microscopic characterization has been made, and the erosion morphology suggests typical arc erosion features (pits, cracks, etc) and nanoparticles condensation from evaporated materials.
Improving optical and electrical stabilities of fluorine-doped tin oxide films in sweat solutions with O2 addition in plasma
Authors: Yan Caibo , Su Zhiwei , Zhao Zhuo , Zhou Yanwen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recently, the use of wearable smart devices has significantly increased; however, sweat can corrode the outer-layer films, thereby decreasing their transmittance, conductivity, and overall functionality. In this study, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) films for wearable smart devices were prepared via magnetron sputtering. The effects and mechanism of O2 gas flow in plasma on the properties of the fabricated films were investigated. Minor changes were observed in the film morphologies, with the preferred orientations shifting from polar (101) to nonpolar (110) and standard positions. As the O2 flow rate increased from 0 to 2 sccm, the transmittance of the film within the visible spectrum increased from 83% to 89%, with sheet resistance values in the order of 102–106 Ω sq−1. Following immersion in an acidic sweat solution, the film without O2 peeled off, whereas several corrosion pits were observed in the films with 1 or 2 sccm O2. Conversely, following immersion in an alkaline sweat solution, several pits were observed in the films without O2, while the other films exhibited excellent corrosion resistance. The transmittance of the films immersed in different solutions did not significantly differ. Notably, the sheet resistances of the films treated with 1 sccm O2 met the industrial requirement of 3000 Ω. Moreover, the coexistence of polar and nonpolar planes provided transparency and conductive stability to the FTO films treated with 1 sccm O2. Our study aimed to not only enhance the transmittance and sweat-corrosion resistance but maintain the conductivity of the outer screen layer of a wearable smart electronic device.
Magnetization dynamics in skyrmions due to high-speed carrier injections from Dirac half-metals
Authors: Bhattacharjee Satadeep , Lee Seung-Cheol 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent developments in the magnetization dynamics in spin textures, particularly skyrmions, offer promising new directions for magnetic storage technologies and spintronics. Skyrmions, characterized by their topological protection and efficient mobility at low current density, are increasingly recognized for their potential applications in next-generation logic and memory devices. This study investigates the dynamics of skyrmion magnetization, focusing on the manipulation of their topological states as a basis for bitwise data storage through a modified Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation (LLG). We introduce spin-polarized electrons from a topological ferromagnet that induce an electric dipole moment that interacts with the electric gauge field within the skyrmion domain. This interaction creates an effective magnetic field that results in a torque that can dynamically change the topological state of the skyrmion. In particular, we show that these torques can selectively destroy and create skyrmions, effectively writing and erasing bits, highlighting the potential of using controlled electron injection for robust and scalable skyrmion-based data storage solutions.
Weak antilocalization in the topological semimetal candidate YbAuSb
Authors: Ram D , Banerjee S , Sundaresan A , Samal D , Hossain Z 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We report a study of the magnetic and magnetotransport properties of YbAuSb single crystals, which were grown using the bismuth flux. The x-ray diffraction data indicate that YbAuSb crystallizes in LiGaGe-type hexagonal structure with space group P63
mc. Our magnetic measurements revealed that YbAuSb is nonmagnetic with a divalent state of ytterbium ion. The temperature-dependent electrical resistivity exhibits a metallic behavior. A cusp-like feature in transverse and longitudinal magnetoresistance is observed at the low field regime. This cusp-like feature is attributed to the weak antilocalization (WAL) effect, which is more prominent at low temperatures. The transverse magnetoconductivity in low field region follows semiclassical model

∼

B

, which is consistent with the presence of WAL phenomena. The WAL effect in transverse and longitudinal magnetoconductance is well explained using the modified Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka and generalized Altshuler–Aronov model, respectively. The Hall resistivity shows a linear field dependence with a positive slope, suggesting hole charge carriers dominate in electrical transport. The calculated carrier density and mobility are in the order of 1020 cm−3 and 102 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.
A review of radiation doses and associated parameters in Western Australian mining operations (2020-23)
Authors: Ralph Martin I , Koshy Jubin , Foley Paul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Government policies have stimulated the Western Australian (WA) mining industry to position itself as a significant global supplier of critical minerals, including lithium and rare earths. In WA the lithology that supports these minerals is often associated with elevated concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) and the increase in the number of mining operations pursuing the minerals has witnessed a commensurate increase in the number of workers potentially exposed to the radiation emitted from the NORMs. The regulatory framework for radiation protection in WA mining operations underwent significant change with the implementation of the Work Health and Safety Act 2020 and Work Health and Safety (Mines) Regulations 2022 which both came into effect on the 31 of March 2022. Under the new framework mining operations identified as having workers who were likely to receive annual effective doses (EDs) from NORMS above one mSvy−1 are referenced as relevant mines (RM). RMs are required to submit an annual report of the estimates of EDs)received by their workforce to the mining regulatory authority (WorkSafe WA: Mines Safety). This research provides an overview of the new legislative framework and updates the information in Ralph and Cattani (2022 J. Radiol. Prot.
42 012501) to include data derived from annual occupational EDs submitted by RMs in the three-year period spanning 2020–21, 2021–22 and 2022–23. In 2022–23, 38 mining operations were identified as RMs, an increase of ten from 2021–22 which in turn had increased by six from the 2020–21 reporting period. The mean annual ED reported for the three-year period was 1.0 mSv, the level at which regulatory intervention should be considered. The maximum ED was 4.9 mSv, just below the threshold of 5 mSv above which exposed workers are considered Designated Workers and are subject to focused monitoring. The collective effective annual dose of the mine worker population reached an historical maximum of 2339 man mSv in 2022–23. Analysis of the three main exposure pathways confirms that inhalation of long-lived alpha emitting radionuclides in dust remains the most significant contributor to worker EDs. Inhalation of radon-222 and radon-220 and their short-lived progeny, once considered as a negligible contributor to worker annual EDs is the second most significant exposure pathway. A declining trend in the number of samples collected per worker is highlighted as requiring remediation to provide confidence in the reported annual EDs. The transition to the new legislative framework for radiation protection in mines has been supported by the publication of guidance materials which have been widely endorsed by the industry.
Wind turbine anomaly detection and identification based on graph neural networks with decision interpretability
Authors: Jiang Guoqian , Yi Zichen , He Qun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Condition monitoring of wind turbines with supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data has attracted increasing interest due to its great benefits in improving operation reliability and reducing unplanned downtimes of wind turbines. However, existing SCADA data-based studies focus primarily on anomaly detection, and few studies have attempted to identify the underlying causes of the anomaly. To this end, this paper proposes a new system-level wind turbine anomaly detection and identification method based on an emerging graph neural network with decision interpretability (DIGNN). A correlation-based GNN is first used to capture complex inter-sensor correlations in SCADA data. More importantly, a decision interpretability module is designed to further analyze anomaly causes and effects through a twp-step global and local anomaly decision process. It can greatly improve the interpretability of the model and provide more accurate and meaningful decision results for maintenance purposes. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model were verified by four fault cases with SCADA datasets from a real wind farm. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed model can provide earlier warning of anomalies with lower false alarm rates and accurate anomaly identification with good interpretability, providing valuable help for field maintenance.