bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined mining: Analyzing object and pattern relations for discovering and constructing complex yet actionable patterns
Authors: Cao Longbing 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCombined mining is a technique for analyzing object relations and pattern relations, and for extracting and constructing actionable knowledge (patterns or exceptions). Although combined patterns can be built within a single method, such as combined sequential patterns by aggregating relevant frequent sequences, this knowledge is composed of multiple constituent components (the left hand side) from multiple data sources, which are represented by different feature spaces, or identified by diverse modeling methods. In some cases, this knowledge is also associated with certain impacts (influence, action, or conclusion, on the right hand side). This paper presents an abstract high‐level picture of combined mining and the combined patterns from the perspective of object and pattern relation analysis. Several fundamental aspects of combined pattern mining are discussed, including feature interaction, pattern interaction, pattern dynamics, pattern impact, pattern relation, pattern structure, pattern paradigm, pattern formation criteria, and pattern presentation (in terms of pattern ontology and pattern dynamic charts). We also briefly illustrate the concepts and discuss how they can be applied to mining complex data for complex knowledge in either a multifeature, multisource, or multimethod scenario. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Ensemble Methods
Exchange of “signature” calls in captive belugas (Delphinapterus leucas)
Authors: Morisaka Tadamichi , Yoshida Yayoi , Akune Yuichiro , Mishima Hideki , Nishimoto Sayo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBelugas (Delphinapterus leucas) produce echolocation clicks, burst pulses, and whistles. The sounds of 3 captive belugas were recorded using 2 hydrophones at the Port of Nagoya Public Aquarium. There were stable individual differences in the pulse patterning of one type of pulsed sounds (PS1 call), suggesting that belugas use these as “signature” calls. Eighty-eight percent of PS1 calls initiated PS1 calls from other animals within 1 s. PS1 calls repeated by the same individual occurred primarily when other belugas did not respond within 1 s of the first call. Belugas delayed successive PS1 calls when other belugas responded with a PS1 call within 1 s. There was no clear temporal pattern for whistles. It appears that the time limit for responding to calls is 1 s after the initial call. If other individuals do not respond to the PS1 call of a beluga within 1 s, belugas tend to repeat the call and wait for a response. The results of this study suggest that the belugas exchange their individual signatures by using PS1 calls, in a manner similar to that of signature whistles used by bottlenose dolphins.
Intra-articular Injections of Hyaluronic Acid and Other Drugs in the Knee Joint
Authors: Rodriguez-Merchan E. Carlos 
Published: January 2013

Background Degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee (OA) affects 35% of persons older than 65 years. If pain persists after non-invasive treatment, some intra-articular drugs can be tried before surgical treatment. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this article is to review the literature after 2006 with the aim of answering two questions: (1) Are intra-articular injections of corticosteroids (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) effective in painful knee OA? and (2) Which of these drugs is more effective? Methods The search engines were MedLine and the Cochrane Library. The keywords used were: knee, osteoarthritis, and intra-articular injections. Eight hundred and forty-four articles were found but only 142 had been published after 2006. Of those, only 14 were selected and reviewed because they were strictly focused on the topic and the questions of this article. Results The clinical efficacy of intra-articular injections of HA and CS in patients with knee OA has been demonstrated. Pain reduction after three to five weekly injections of HA lasts between 5 to13 weeks (sometimes up to 1 year). Pain reduction is less durable after CS injections (2 to 3 weeks). Recent reports indicate that PRP could have a better performance than HA in younger patients. Conclusions Three to five weekly intra-articular injections of HA are recommendable in patients with knee OA before surgical treatment. CS injections have a very short effect. The efficacy and duration of PRP injections require further studies.
Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Operative Patella Fractures
Authors: Reinhardt Keith R. , Lazaro Lionel E. , Umunna Ben-Paul , Cross Michael B. , Helfet David L. , Lane Joseph M. , Lorich Dean G. 
Published: January 2013

Background Patella fractures have not traditionally been considered “fragility” fractures. Questions/Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the demographic patterns (age and gender distribution) and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of a cohort of patients with operative patella fractures. Patients and Methods Medical records were reviewed on all consecutive patients presenting to our institution with operative patella fractures from 2003 to 2009. Seventy-eight operative patella fractures (25 male, 53 female) were identified with a mean age of 58 years (range, 22–89 years). Results The majority of patients with patella fractures in this series were females over the age of 50 years who sustained low-energy falls from a standing height or less. Twenty-four patients (80%) had vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency at the time of injury. For 68 patients (87%), the patella fracture represented their first fracture. Patients with known osteoporosis risk factors did not have higher rates of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. Conclusions The age and gender distribution, as well as the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency, of operative patella fractures, suggest that these patients likely have abnormal vitamin D levels and should undergo a metabolic bone work-up.
The Spectrophotometric Sulfo‐Phospho‐Vanillin Assessment of Total Lipids in Human Meibomian Gland Secretions
Authors: McMahon Anne , Lu Hua , Butovich Igor A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHuman meibomian gland secretions (meibum) are the major lipid component of the human preocular tear film. The predominant lipid classes found in meibum include waxes (WE), cholesteryl esters (CE), and varying amounts of cholesterol (Chl). The classical sulfo‐phospho‐vanillin assay (SPVA), adapted for a microplate reader, was used to quantitate lipids in meibum. To account for varying reactivities of different lipids in SPVA, a model meibomian lipid mixture (MMx) that approximated the WE/CE/Chl composition of meibum was developed and used to quantitate meibomian lipids. The overall SPV responses of MMx and meibum were found to be close, with similar intermediate and final reaction products for both. Saturated WE that had not been expected to be reactive were found to be SPV‐positive. A reaction mechanism for these compounds in SPVA which involves the formation of alkenyl ethers is proposed and discussed. Tested proteins were non‐reactive in SPVA. Thus, by comparing the results of gravimetric analyses of meibum samples with the results of a properly calibrated SPVA, it was estimated that the SPV‐reactive lipid content of dry meibum in tested samples was about 78 % (w/w). The SPV method can also be adopted for analyzing other types of complex lipids secretions, such as sebum, as well as whole lipid extracts from other lipid‐enriched organs and tissues, if proper standards are chosen.
Molekulargenetische Diagnostik von Imprintingerkrankungen
Authors: Eggermann T. , Begemann M. , Soellner L. , Elbracht M. , Buiting K. , Horsthemke B. , Spengler S. 
Published: January 2013

Zusammenfassung
Bei allen derzeit bekannten Imprintingerkrankungen wurde über eine Assoziation mit molekularen Veränderungen an krankheitsspezifischen chromosomalen Loci berichtet. Die locusspezifische Zuordnung einiger dieser Krankheitsbilder wird erschwert durch den Nachweis so genannter Multilocusmethylierungsdefekte (MLMD): Dabei besteht nicht nur an krankheitsspezifischen geprägten Genorten eine aberrante Methylierung, sondern auch an anderen Loci. Klinisch zeigt sich mehrheitlich die Symptomatik nur einer Imprintingerkrankung, in einzelnen Fällen überlappen sich jedoch verschiedene Krankheitsbilder. Umgekehrt wurden auch Fälle mit gleichartigem MLMD-Muster, aber unterschiedlichen Krankheitsbildern beschrieben. Zur Abklärung von MLMD sollten daher Testverfahren eingesetzt werden, die auf Methylierungsveränderungen an verschiedenen geprägten Loci ausgerichtet sind. Aber auch bei der MLMD-Testung ist eine eindeutige Unterscheidung des zugrunde liegenden Mutationstyps als Basis für eine gezielte genetische Beratung erforderlich.
Educational Homogamy and Gender-Specific Earnings: Sweden, 1990–2009
Authors: Dribe Martin , Nystedt Paul 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSeveral studies have shown strong educational homogamy in most Western societies, although the trends over time differ across countries. In this article, we study the connection between educational assortative mating and gender-specific earnings in a sample containing the entire Swedish population born 1960–1974; we follow this sample from 1990 to 2009. Our empirical strategy exploits a longitudinal design, using distributed fixed-effects models capturing the impact of partner education on postmarital earnings, relating it to the income development before union formation. We find that being partnered with someone with more education (hypergamy) is associated with higher earnings, while partnering someone with less education (hypogamy) is associated with lower earnings. However, most of these differences in earnings emerge prior to the time of marriage, implying that the effect is explained by marital selection processes rather than by partner education affecting earnings. The exception is hypogamy among the highly educated, for which there are strong indications that in comparison with homogamy and hypergamy, earnings grow slower after union formation.
A Literature Review of Findings in Physical Elder Abuse
Authors: Murphy Kieran , Waa Sheila , Jaffer Hussein , Sauter Agnes , Chan Amanda 
Published: January 2013

Purpose To review the medical literature for reports on the types of physical injuries in elder abuse with the aim of eliciting patterns that will aid its detection. Materials and Methods The databases of PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and TRIP were searched from 1975 to March 2012 for articles that contained the following phrases: “physical elder abuse,” “older adult abuse,” “elder mistreatment,” “geriatric abuse,” “geriatric trauma,” and “nonaccidental geriatric injury.” Distribution and description of injuries in physical elder abuse from case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports as seen at autopsy, in hospital emergency departments, or in medicolegal reports were tabulated and summarized. Results A review of 9 articles from a total of 574 articles screened yielded 839 injuries. The anatomic distribution in these was as follows: upper extremity, 43.98%; maxillofacial, dental, and neck, 22.88%; skull and brain, 12.28%; lower extremity, 10.61%; and torso, 10.25%. Conclusion Two-thirds of injuries that occur in elder abuse are to the upper extremity and maxillofacial region. The social context in which the injuries takes place remains crucial to accurate identification of abuse. This includes a culture of violence in the family; a demented, debilitated, or depressed and socially isolated victim; and a perpetrator profile of mental illness, alcohol or drug abuse, or emotional and/or financial dependence on the victim.
Vegetation history in central Kentucky and Tennessee (USA) during the last glacial and deglacial periods
Authors: Liu Yao , Andersen Jennifer J. , Williams John W. , Jackson Stephen T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractKnowledge about vegetation dynamics during the last glacial and deglacial periods in southeastern North America is under-constrained owing to low site density and problematic chronologies. New pollen records from two classic sites, Anderson Pond, TN, and Jackson Pond, KY, supported by AMS14C age models, span 25.2–13.7 ka and 31.0–15.4 ka, respectively. A transition fromPinusdominance toPiceadominance is recorded at Jackson Pond ca. 26.2 ka, ~ coincident with Heinrich Event H2. Anderson and Jackson Ponds record a transition from conifer to deciduous-tree dominance ~ 15.9 and 15.4 ka, respectively, marking the development of no-analog vegetation characterized by moderate to high abundances ofPicea,Quercus,Carya,Ulmus,Fraxinus,Ostrya/Carpinus, Cyperaceae, and Poaceae, and preceding by ~ 2000 yr the advent of similar no-analog vegetation in glaciated terrain to the north. No-analog vegetation developed as a time-transgressive, south-to-north pattern, mediated by climatic warming.Sporormiellaabundances are consistently low throughout the Jackson and Anderson Pond records, suggesting that megafaunal abundances and effects on vegetation varied regionally or possibly that theSporormiellasignal was not well-expressed at these sites. Additional records with well-constrained chronologies are necessary to assess patterns and mechanisms of vegetation dynamics during the last glacial and deglacial periods.
Late Pleistocene and Holocene mid-latitude palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction: an approach based on the isotopic record from a travertine formation in the Guadix-Baza basin, Spain
Authors: PRADO-PÉREZ ANTONIO J. , HUERTAS ANTONIO DELGADO , CRESPO M. T. , SÁNCHEZ A. MARTÍN , PÉREZ DEL VILLAR LUÍS 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA comprehensive palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the last 219 ka has been carried out by determining the isotopic signatures (δ18O and δ13C) in 766 samples of a thermogene travertine formation in the Guadix-Baza Tertiary basin (Granada, SE Spain). This travertine formation was dated from ≈ 220 to ≈ 5 ka by means of the alpha-spectrometry technique. Initially, the study of the δ18O values of the travertine formation was carried out because they are excellent indicators of the overall palaeoclimatic condition of a particular site. Likewise, the evolution of δ13C values, which can be directly related to the biomass development of the site, has also been studied. Finally, an integrated study of both isotopic records has been performed, identifying a total of 12 climatic periods based on their palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental conditions. These periods are grouped into four climatic scenarios: scenario A, characterized by warm and dry periods; scenario B, characterized by cold and humid periods; scenario C, constituted by warm and humid periods; and scenario D, which is characterized by cold and dry periods. Palaeoclimatic scenarios A and B mainly characterized the palaeoclimatic evolution of the site, while in northern Europe the palaeoclimatic evolution is mainly characterized by scenarios C and D. Therefore, it is suggested that the palaeoenvironmental evolution at lower latitudes on the Iberian Peninsula is the opposite of that identified in northern Europe. However, the main climatic events identified at higher latitudes are also reflected in the studied area.
Polyphase transpressional development of a NNE-striking basement-cored anticline in the Xining Basin, northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: ZHANG J. , CUNNINGHAM D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Xiaoxia anticline is a basement-cored fold in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. It formed during the Middle–Late Cenozoic in a NNE-orientation oblique to prevailing WNW-striking thrusts in the surrounding region. The fold lies within the fault-bounded Xining Basin, which has behaved as a clockwise rotating and internally deforming block during the mid–late Tertiary. Proterozoic crystalline basement rocks and Jurassic–Cretaceous–Cenozoic terrestrial sediments exposed within the fold record three separate oblique-slip deformation events as determined by cross-cutting generations of faults and folds. The modern Xiaoxia anticline developed by: (1) outward-directed thrusting on the two fold limbs and, (2) oblique-slip thrusting on closely spaced minor NNE-striking faults that caused distributed uplift and passive shear folding of the sedimentary cover within the fold core. Tilted and thrusted river terraces on the flanks of the Xiaoxia anticline dated by optically stimulated luminescence and electron spin resonance indicate that folding has continued into the Late Quaternary (post-45.5 ± 5.5 ka) and therefore may still be active today. The development of the Xiaoxia anticline appears to be best explained in the context of the kinematic evolution of the Xining Basin's bounding strike-slip faults. Formation of the Xiaoxia anticline demonstrates that partitioned transpression in an evolving transpressional setting can invert intra-montane basins and produce basement-cored folds, thereby contributing to regional plateau uplift.
A novel approach to assess the probability of disease eradication from a wild-animal reservoir host
Authors: ANDERSON D. P. , RAMSEY D. S. L. , NUGENT G. , BOSSON M. , LIVINGSTONE P. , MARTIN P. A. J. , SERGEANT E. , GORMLEY A. M. , WARBURTON B. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYSurveying and declaring disease freedom in wildlife is difficult because information on population size and spatial distribution is often inadequate. We describe and demonstrate a novel spatial model of wildlife disease-surveillance data for predicting the probability of freedom of bovine tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium bovis) in New Zealand, in which the introduced brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is the primary wildlife reservoir. Using parameters governing home-range size, probability of capture, probability of infection and spatial relative risks of infection we employed survey data on reservoir hosts and spillover sentinels to make inference on the probability of eradication. Our analysis revealed high sensitivity of model predictions to parameter values, which demonstrated important differences in the information contained in survey data of host-reservoir and spillover-sentinel species. The modelling can increase cost efficiency by reducing the likelihood of prematurely declaring success due to insufficient control, and avoiding unnecessary costs due to excessive control and monitoring.
Artificial activation of bovine and equine oocytes with cycloheximide, roscovitine, strontium, or 6-dimethylaminopurine in low or high calcium concentrations
Authors: Fernandes Claudia Barbosa , Devito Liani Gasparini , Martins Lilian Rigatto , Blanco Ieda Dala Pria , de Lima Neto João Ferreria , Tsuribe Patricia Myakawa , Gonçalves Camila Gabriela Pereria , da Cruz Landim-Alvarenga Fernanda 
Published: January 2013

SummaryKnowledge on parthenogenetic activation of oocytes is important to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer (NT) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) because artificial activation of oocyte (AOA) is an essential step to achieve embryo production. Although different procedures for AOA have been established, the efficiency ofin vitroproduction of embryos remains low, especially in equines andBos taurusbovines. In an attempt to improve the techniques of NT and ICSI in bovine and equine species, we tested different combinations of drugs that had different mechanisms of action for the parthenogenetic activation of oocytes in these animals. The oocytes were collected,in vitromatured for 24 to 30 h and activated artificially, in the presence of low or high concentrations of calcium, with combinations of calcium ionophore (ionomycin) with cycloheximide, roscovitine, strontium, or 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP). For assessment of activation rates, oocytes were stained with Hoechst 33342 and observed under an inverted microscope. We showed that all combinations of drugs were equally efficient in activating bovine oocytes, with the best results obtained when high concentrations of calcium were adopted. For equine oocytes, high concentrations of calcium were not beneficial for the parthenogenetic activation and the combination of ionomycin with either 6-DMAP or roscovitine was effective in inducing artificial activation of oocytes. We believe that our preliminary findings provide some clues for the development of a better AOA protocol to be used with these species.
Utility of Prehospital Quantitative End Tidal CO2?
Authors: Cooper Christopher J. , Kraatz James J. , Kubiak David S. , Kessel James W. , Barnes Stephen L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionEnd tidal CO2(ETCO2) has been established as a standard for confirmation of an airway, but its role is expanding. In certain settings ETCO2closely approximates the partial pressure of arterial CO2(PaCO2) and has been described as a tool to optimize a patient's ventilatory status. ETCO2monitors are increasingly being used by EMS personnel to guide ventilation in the prehospital setting. Severely traumatized and burn patients represent a unique population to which this practice has not been validated.HypothesisThe sole use of ETCO2to monitor ventilation may lead to avoidable respiratory acidosis.MethodsA consecutive series of patients with burns or trauma intubated in the prehospital setting over a 24-month period were evaluated. Prehospital arrests were excluded. Absence of ETCO2transport data and patients without an arterial blood gas (ABG) within 15 minutes of arrival were also excluded. Data collected included demographics, place and time of intubation, service performing intubation, ETCO2maintained en-route to hospital, and ABG upon arrival. Further data included length of stay, mortality, and injury severity scores.ResultsOne hundred sixty patients met the inclusion criteria. Prehospital ETCO2did not correlate with measured PaCO2(R2= 0.08). Mean ETCO2was significantly lower than mean PaCO2(34 mmHg vs 44 mmHg,P< .005). Patients arriving acidotic were more likely to die. Mean pH on arrival for survivors and decedents was 7.32 and 7.19 respectively (P< .001). Mortality, acidosis, higher base deficits, and more severe injury patterns were all predictors for a worse correlation between ETCO2and PaCO2and increased mean difference between the two values. Decedents and patients presenting with a pH <7.2 demonstrated the greatest discrepancy between ETCO2and PaCO2. The data suggest that patients may be hypoventilated by prehospital providers in order to obtain a prescribed ETCO2.ConclusionETCO2is an inadequate tool for predicting PaCO2or optimizing ventilation in severely injured patients. Adherence to current ETCO2guidelines in the prehospital setting may contribute to acidosis and increased mortality. Consideration should be given to developing alternate protocols to guide ventilation of the severely injured in the prehospital setting.CooperCJ,KraatzJJ,KubiakDS,KesselJW,BarnesSL.Utility of prehospital quantitative end tidal CO2?.Prehosp Disaster Med.2013;28(2):1-6.