bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stock Origin of Migratory Atlantic Sturgeon in Minas Basin, Inner Bay of Fundy, Canada, Determined by Microsatellite and Mitochondrial DNA Analyses
Authors: Wirgin Isaac , Maceda Lorraine , Waldman John R. , Wehrell Sierra , Dadswell Michael , King Tim 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFive distinct population segments of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus were recently listed (April 2012) as endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Atlantic sturgeon are anadromous, spawning occurs in rivers from the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, to the Satilla River, Georgia, and subadults and adults undertake extensive coastal migrations. Bycatch of Atlantic sturgeon in coastal fisheries may have resulted in the slowed or failed rebuilding of many populations despite the imposition of a U.S. federal moratorium on their harvest in 1998. Canada's Bay of Fundy hosts weir and trawl fisheries which bycatch Atlantic sturgeon of unknown origin. Additionally, tidal power development projects for the Bay of Fundy have been proposed which could detrimentally impact migratory sturgeon. We hypothesized that the Atlantic sturgeon that occur in Minas Basin in the Bay of Fundy are of local Saint John River, New Brunswick, origin with little or no U.S. contribution. We used microsatellite DNA (11 loci) and mitochondrial DNA control region sequence analysis along with previously determined characterizations of nine reference spawning populations to quantify their stock origin. We determined that the summer assemblage of Atlantic sturgeon collected within Minas Basin was of mixed origin, with a greater than 60% contribution from the nearby Saint John River but with a substantial (34–36%) contribution from the Kennebec River, Maine, and a smaller (1–2%) contribution from the Hudson River, New York. There was significant genetic heterogeneity between smaller (<130 cm) and larger individuals (≥130 cm) in Minas Basin; however, the smaller specimens were not exclusively of proximal Saint John River origin. Our results indicate that Atlantic sturgeon of U.S. origin are vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts in the Bay of Fundy, particularly those of Kennebec River origin.
Glycemic Response to Extruded Oat Bran Cereals Processed to Vary in Molecular Weight
Authors: Brummer Yolanda , Duss Ruedi , Wolever Thomas M. S. , Tosh Susan M. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTOat β‐glucan enriched extruded cereals with molecular weights (MWs) ranging from 2,180,000 to 326,000 were produced. Test meals composed of 31 g of available carbohydrate, 8.3–8.7 grams of β‐glucan, and milk were administered to subjects and their postprandial blood glucose levels monitored for 2 hr. White bread plus milk and a control wheat bran cereal plus milk were administered, and white bread alone served as a reference food for estimation of glycemic index (GI) of the cereals, after adjusting for the effect of adding milk to white bread. Both oat bran and wheat bran cereals significantly reduced peak blood glucose rise (PBGR) and area under the curve (AUC) versus white bread alone or white bread plus milk. There was a significant inverse relationship between AUC and log10[weight average MW] (r2 = 0.96, P = 0.0192). There was a significant inverse relationship between PBGR and log10[viscosity] of in vitro extracts from all cereals, including the wheat control (r2 = 0.96, P = 0.0031). However, no significant differences in glycemic responses among the oat bran cereals were found with pairwise comparisons. All cereals were low GI (<55) and were significantly lower than white bread alone or white bread plus milk. Among the oat bran cereals, palatability was positively correlated with MW (r2 = 0.98, P = 0.0110).
Effects of Allelic Variations in Wx‐1, Glu‐D1, Glu‐B3, and Pinb‐D1 Loci on Flour Characteristics and White Salted Noodle‐Making Quality of Wheat Flour
Authors: Kang Chon‐Sik , Jeung Ji‐Ung , Baik Byung‐Kee , Park Chul Soo 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTDoubled haploid wheat lines developed from a cross between a hard white winter wheat variety of normal starch endosperm and a waxy wheat variety were used to determine the effects of allelic variation in Wx‐1, Glu‐D1, Glu‐B3, and Pinb‐D1 loci on physiochemical properties of flour, noodle dough properties, and textural quality of cooked noodles. Milling yield, damaged starch content, protein content, and SDS sedimentation volume of flour were influenced the most by allelic composition of Pinb‐D1 loci, less by Wx‐1 loci, and least by Glu‐B3. Wheat lines carrying Pinb‐D1b or Glu‐B3h alleles exhibited higher milling yield and damaged starch content of flour than those with Pinb‐D1a and Glu‐B3d alleles. Wheat lines carrying the Pinb‐D1b allele were higher in protein content and SDS sedimentation volume than those carrying Pinb‐D1a. Mixograph water absorption was largely influenced by allelic composition of Wx‐1 loci, whereas mixograph mixing time and mixing tolerance were predominantly determined by allelic composition of Glu‐D1 loci. Amylose content and pasting properties of starch were mainly determined by allelic composition of Wx‐1 loci with little influence by allelic compositions of Glu‐D1, Glu‐B3, and Pinb‐D1 loci. Allelic composition of Wx‐1 loci contributed 53.4% of the variation in optimum water absorption of noodle dough and 26.7% of the variation in thickness of the noodle dough sheet. The variation of 7.8% in optimum water absorption of noodle dough was contributed by the allelic composition of Pinb‐D1 loci. Allelic composition of Wx‐1 loci was responsible for 73.2, 74.4, and 59.6% in the variation of hardness, springiness, and cohesiveness of cooked noodles, respectively. Cohesiveness of cooked noodles was also influenced by the allelic compositions of Glu‐B3 and Pinb‐D1 loci to a smaller extent.
First Report of Bacterial Foot Rot of Rice Caused by a Dickeya zeae in China
Authors: Pu X. M. , Zhou J. N. , Lin B. R. , Shen H. F. 
Published: August 2012

A bacterial disease of rice, bacterial foot rot, was found in Guangdong Province, China in September 2011, with an incidence about 10%. The typical symptom was a dark brown decay of the tillers. In the early stages of the disease, a brown sheath rot seemed to spread from the ligulae regions. The lesions quickly extended down to the nodes, culms, and finally to the crowns. Neighboring tillers of the same crown were invaded systemically, causing foot rot symptoms. A soft rot with an unpleasant odor developed in young tissues of infected tillers. In the advanced stage, many tillers decayed, so that entire diseased plants could easily be pulled from the soil. Six diseased samples were collected and bacteria were isolated from the edge of symptomatic tissues, after samples were sterilized in 0.3% NaOCl for 10 min, rinsed in sterile water three times, and placed on nutrient agar (beef extract 3 g, yeast extract 1 g, peptone 5 g, glucose 10 g, agar 16 g, distilled water 1 L, pH 6.8 to 7.0). For identification, a total of 12 representative isolates were selected. All strains were Gram negative, grew at 37°C, were positive for indole production, and utilized malonate, glucose, and sucrose, but not glucopyranoside, trehalose, or palatinose. Biolog identification (Version 4.20.05, Hayward, CA) identified isolate EC1 as Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (SIM 0.827), which has since been transferred to genus Dickeya. PCR was used to amplify the 16S rDNA gene with primers 27f and 1492r, the dnaX gene with primers dnaXf and dnaXr (2), and the gyrB gene with primers gyrBf1 (5′-ATGTCGAATTCTTATGACTCCTC-3′) and gyrB-r1 (5′-TCARATATCRATATTCGCYGCTTTC-3′), which were designed based on published gyrB gene sequences of genus Dickeya. A BLASTn search of all three loci [16S rDNA (JQ284040), dnaX (JQ284041), and gyrB (JQ284042)] revealed that EC1 had 100% sequence identify to Dickeya zeae [16S rDNA (AB713560), dnaX (AB713593), gyrB (AB713635)]. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by injecting 10 rice seedlings with 100 μl of the bacterial suspension (1 × 108 CFU/ml) in the stem base, and an additional 10 rice seedlings were injected with 100 μl of sterile water as negative controls. Inoculations were carried out in a greenhouse at 28 to 32°C and 90% relative humidity. Foot rot symptoms identical to those described above were observed after 7 days on inoculated plants, but not on the negative controls. The bacterium was reisolated from the lesions and had 100% sequence identity for all three loci to EC1. Previously, similar symptoms were reported on rice in Guangdong province of China, and the causal agent was identified as Erwinia chrysanthemi (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. zeae causing foot rot disease on rice in China. References: (1) Q. G. Liu et al. J. South China Agric. Univ. 18:128, 1997. (2) M. Sławiak et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 125:245, 2009.
Multifractal Analysis of Hemodynamic Behavior
Authors: Bishop Steven M. , Yarham Sarah I. , Navapurkar Vilas U. , Menon David K. , Ercole Ari 
Published: August 2012

Background
Physiologic instability is a common clinical problem in the critically ill. Many natural feedback systems are nonlinear, and seemingly random fluctuations may result from the amplification of external perturbations or even arise de novo as a consequence of their underlying dynamics. Characterization of the underlying nonlinear state may be of clinical importance, providing a technique to monitor complex physiology in real-time, guiding patient care and improving outcomes.

Methods
We employ the wavelet modulus maxima technique to characterize the multifractal properties of heart rate and mean arterial pressure physiology retrospectively for four patients during open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. We calculated point-estimates for the dominant Hölder exponent (hm, hm) and multifractal spectrum width-at-half-height for both heart rate and mean arterial pressure signals. We investigated how these parameters changed with the administration of an intravenous vasoconstrictor and examined how this varied with atropine pretreatment.

Results
Hypotensive patients showed lower values of hm, consistent with a more highly fluctuating and complex behavior. Treatment with a vasoconstrictor led to a transient increase in hm, revealing the appearance of longer-range correlations, but did not impact hm. On the other hand, prior treatment with atropine had no effect on hm behavior but did tend to increase hm.

Conclusions
Hypotension leads to a reduction in dominant Hölder exponents for mean arterial pressure, demonstrating an increasing signal complexity consistent with the activation of important homeokinetic processes. Conversely, pharmacological interventions may also alter the underlying dynamics. Pharmacological restoration of homeostasis leads to system decomplexification, suggesting that homeokinetic mechanisms are derecruited as homeostasis is restored.
Characterization of the Fungal Gibberellin Desaturase as a 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase and Its Utilization for Enhancing Plant Growth
Authors: Bhattacharya Anjanabha , Kourmpetli Sofia , Ward Dennis A. , Thomas Stephen G. , Gong Fan , Powers Stephen J. , Carrera Esther , Taylor Benjamin , de Caceres Gonzalez Francisco Nuñez , Tudzynski Bettina , Phillips Andrew L. , Davey Michael R. , Hedden Peter 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The biosynthesis of gibberellic acid (GA3) by the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi is catalyzed by seven enzymes encoded in a gene cluster. While four of these enzymes are characterized as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, the nature of a fifth oxidase, GA4 desaturase (DES), is unknown. DES converts GA4 to GA7 by the formation of a carbon-1,2 double bond in the penultimate step of the pathway. Here, we show by expression of the des complementary DNA in Escherichia coli that DES has the characteristics of a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase. Although it has low amino acid sequence homology with known 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, putative iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-binding residues, typical of such enzymes, are apparent in its primary sequence. A survey of sequence databases revealed that homologs of DES are widespread in the ascomycetes, although in most cases the homologs must participate in non-gibberellin (GA) pathways. Expression of des from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in the plant species Solanum nigrum, Solanum dulcamara, and Nicotiana sylvestris resulted in substantial growth stimulation, with a 3-fold increase in height in S. dulcamara compared with controls. In S. nigrum, the height increase was accompanied by a 20-fold higher concentration of GA3 in the growing shoots than in controls, although GA1 content was reduced. Expression of des was also shown to partially restore growth in plants dwarfed by ectopic expression of a GA 2-oxidase (GA-deactivating) gene, consistent with GA3 being protected from 2-oxidation. Thus, des has the potential to enable substantial growth increases, with practical implications, for example, in biomass production.
Consumer preferences for wine applying best‐worst scaling: a Spanish case study
Authors: Bernabéu Rodolfo , Díaz Mónica , Olivas Raquel , Olmeda Miguel 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThis study aims to identify the most important attributes that the consumer uses in the process of choosing wine, which can then be used by wine‐producing companies in marketing strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology consisted of a survey of 421 wine consumers using the best‐worst scaling methodology. Various consumer segmentations were made by gender, income and age groups.FindingsThe two main attributes that condition consumers in choosing wine are previous tasting and region of origin. The latter attribute is valued mainly by women and in general by consumers over 34 years old who have a net monthly family income above €1,500. The previously tasted attribute, which on many occasions is associated with the price attribute, is valued basically by men and particularly by younger consumers and those with lower incomes.Practical implicationsIt must be pointed out that in the short term the basic strategy of wine‐producing enterprises from any given region of origin is to compete on price. However, in the long term increasing their prestige is all that remains to compete actively with the various regions of origin.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to a greater knowledge of Spanish consumer habits by analysing the most important wine attributes in the process of purchasing wine.
Colour kinetics and storage characteristics of carrot, pulse and rice by‐product based extrudates
Authors: Kumar Navneet , Sarkar B.C. , Sharma H.K. , Jha Sunil Kumar 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe utilisation of food waste/by‐products helps to increase produce recovery and enhances nutrition in low‐cost food without any appreciable increase in product cost. The storage behaviour of the product must be studied before commercialisation of the product. This paper aims to focus on this process.Design/methodology/approachExtrudates (25 g) prepared under optimised conditions of proportion (rice flour, pulse powder and carrot pomace), moisture content, screw speed and die temperature, were sealed using a polythene sealing machine in LDPE bags and aluminium laminated LDPE bags. The bags were then stored for six months in an incubator at temperature of 38±2°C to evaluate the stability of the product. The extrudates were analysed for change in colour, hardness, moisture content and sensory characteristics.FindingsZero‐ and first‐order models were fitted for prediction purposes. The minimum overall change in color ΔE value, minimum increase in moisture content and minimum increase in hardness was observed in aluminium laminated LDPE bags. The zero order model better predicted the variation of L*, b*, ΔE, moisture content and hardness during storage, whereas first order model was better fitted for the a* value.Originality/valueThe carrot pomace has the potential to be used as a food ingredient that enhances the nutritional attributes of products along with a reduction in cost. Extruded products were successfully developed in the laboratory using carrot pomace as one of the ingredients. This study evaluates the kinetic changes during the storage of carrot pomace based extruded snacks.
Coeliac disease: eating habits and quality of life
Authors: Mayer Chaves Araújo Halina , Coelho Araújo Wilma Maria 
Published: August 2012

PurposeTreatment of coeliac disease (CD) is essentially dietary and requires permanent changes in dietary habits. Gluten‐free diet compliance affects every aspect of an individual's quality of life. This paper aims to analyse the difficulties associated with the food practices tried and reported by CD patients and their health and quality of life.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire with open, closed and multiple choice questions adapted from an already validated instrument was administered to a sample of 105 CD patients. The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with CD living in Distrito Federal (DF) who agreed to participate in the study.FindingsThe greatest concerns of CD patients were eating out (44.23 per cent), having to read food labels (50.00 per cent), believing that foods are not safe (52.88 per cent) and not having dietary alternatives (56.44 per cent). Some (39.42 per cent) patients have no difficulty following the diet, 42.3 per cent have some difficulty and 18.27 per cent find it very difficult to follow the diet.Originality/valueThis study discloses some of the social difficulties faced by CD patients, such as eating with relatives and friends, and discusses the impact of these challenges on their quality of life. The data show that information can help CD patients to maintain their quality of life.
A new approach for managing university‐workplace partnerships
Authors: Ylikoski Teemu , Kortelainen Mika J. 
Published: August 2012

PurposeUniversity‐workplace partnerships are becoming increasingly important as the demands for authentic learning are growing. Partnership management ensures availability of authentic learning environments, joint‐learning tasks, and knowledge‐producing commissions for the students. Universities, however, can have difficulties in managing these crucial partnerships. This paper's purpose is to investigate the problems and to suggest a solution.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is based on a case study of Laurea University of Applied Sciences in Finland.FindingsIn the case study, the program is run by business students, who as a part of their education, learn important skills in managing “customers” and projects. This results in improved learning for the students as they not only gain first hand experience in customer relationship management, but also deeper partnerships as the relationships evolve over time. Partnerships are centrally managed and available to all participants. This program is non‐exclusive: it does not assume or require participation from the educators. If an educator wishes to keep his/her own workplace contacts private, this is possible.Research limitations/implicationsThe results stem from a case study. Even though good results are reported in the case, every organization is different and using a similar approach is not guaranteed to work.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests a way for universities to deepen partnerships, overcoming typical hurdles.Originality/valueThe non‐exclusive approach to partnership management described in the paper is original and will benefit universities in their quest for improving partnerships. The authors believe that the use of students as the task force of the program to this extent is a novel idea and benefits the local workplaces (new knowledge) as well as students (authentic learning).
Driver training in Algeria: areas for improvement
Authors: Bencherif Houria , Boubakour Farès , Mehieddine Kassouri Sabry 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to present a picture of the training and assessment of drivers in Algeria, to identify the key weaknesses that characterize it, and to propose improvements.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology adopted was to question driving instructors, driving examiners and drivers themselves on the operation of driving schools, training programmes and the teaching methods used. The research was conducted from January 2008 to December 2009. The sample consists of 960 individuals, distributed as follows: 240 driving schools, 672 drivers and 48 examiners. The work then involved direct observation of training and assessment to ascertain the actual conditions under which these operate.FindingsResults shows the adverse conditions in which training takes place on one hand and field practices in contrast with the principles of safety and quality on the other. Quality training requires an improvement of those conditions and practices.Originality/valueThis study is a first qualitative approach to specific driver training in Algeria. The results should produce a statement on the situation and provide recommendations to improve training and evaluation.
Antecedents of knowledge competency and performance in born globals
Authors: Park Taekyung , Rhee Jaehoon 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the antecedents of knowledge competency and international performance in South Korean born globals, with particular focus on the moderating effects of the absorptive capacity.Design/methodology/approachBuilding on previous studies, the study constructs and tests a research model using structural equation modeling and multiple regression analysis for data collected from 271 early internationalizing SMEs. To secure results of hypothesis testing, non‐response bias was assessed using a t‐test, and tests for data screening and common method bias were conducted.FindingsThe results indicate that, for early internationalizing small firms, the prior international business experience of managers and networks affect building knowledge competencies. In the relationship between the use of networks and knowledge competencies, in particular, absorptive capacity is found to play a moderating role. It also finds that international business performance is driven by knowledge competencies the small firms accumulate. The findings imply that firms shortly after inception should raise their ability to acquire and utilize external resources and knowledge to secure international performance.Originality/valueThis study makes an important contribution to the body of literature on rapid internationalization of small firms by examining the moderating effects of absorptive capacity on the relationship between founding teams' prior international business experience and firms' networks and knowledge competencies. The present study thus helps move forward our understanding on drivers of knowledge competency building and performance of the early internationalizing firm.