bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability of particle‐associated nutrients as affected by internal regeneration processes in the Nyanza Gulf region of Lake Victoria
Authors: Guya Fredrick J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLand‐use changes have been implicated a lot in the eutrophication of many lakes while forgetting the role of internal loading as influenced by the hydrological regimes of a given lake. The phosphorus loading of Nyanza Gulf is influenced both by internal and external loading with the internal loading playing a greater role in its eutrophication. The shear on the Apatite Phosphorus (AP) rich residual rock in the western end of the gulf through strong currents across the Rusinga Channel erodes the rock into non‐apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) which is readily available for primary productivity. The current suspends the phosphorus rich apatite sediment together with the reserved phosphorus within sediments to the water column. The NAIP concentration on the western end of the gulf is exceptionally high, >1500 mg kg−1, and together with the hydrological forcing; is believed to be the driving force of Nyanza Gulf eutrophication. External loading through rivers and municipal discharges exacerbates the problem. The external loading mainly influences the inner gulf on the eastern shore while the internal loading affects mainly the western end of the gulf. Nyanza Gulf eutrophication can be managed by adopting the following measures: (i) the Mbita Causeway needs to be opened and a bridge erected in its place in order to reduce the strong current through the Rusinga Channel and the residence time within the gulf, by increasing the flushing rates; (ii) the farming communities within the basin need to be sensitized on the controlled use of fertilizers; (iii) the municipal wastes should be treated to tertiary level before discharge into the lake; and (iv) reduce erosion within the basin through re/afforestation.
What Is Wrong Indeed?
Authors: Hacker P. M. S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis is a critical response to Dr. Tamara Dobler's paper “What Is Wrong with Hacker's Wittgenstein? On Grammar, Context and Sense‐Determination.” It demonstrates that Dr. Dobler has no idea of what Wittgenstein meant by “grammar” or “rule of grammar.” She does not know what Wittgenstein meant by “grammatical proposition,” nor does she know what a compositional account of meaning or a category mistake is. She labours under the illusion that to say, as Wittgenstein did, that a rule of grammar excludes a form of words from use is incompatible with the claim that whether an utterance makes sense may be a context‐dependent issue. Unlike Dr. Dobler, Wittgenstein did not.
Test–Retest reliability of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐49) in adults with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Yuen Hon K. , Nelson Sybil L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess the test–retest reliability of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) in 3‐month intervals among people with systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsThirty‐nine adults with SSc completed the OHIP‐49 at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Intraclass correlation (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), SEM%, coefficient of repeatability (CoR), and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were used to assess test–retest reliability and measurement variability.ResultsThe ICC of the OHIP for the first time point (baseline to 3‐month) was excellent (>.80), and the second time point (3‐month to 6‐month) demonstrated good reproducibility (>.60). However, the large SEM, SEM%, CoR, and 95% LoA indicated that the OHIP was neither a precise measurement nor sensitive to change in response to interventions.ConclusionThe values of the ICC indicated that the OHIP scores demonstrated acceptable stability across each of the two 3 months’ retest duration, supporting the reliability of the OHIP for group‐level comparisons. However, using the OHIP as a measure of an individual's oral health‐related quality of life in adults with SSc is not recommended.
Nitroprusside inhibits calcium‐induced impairment of red blood cell deformability
Authors: Barodka Viachaslau , Mohanty Joy G. , Mustafa Asif K. , Santhanam Lakshmi , Nyhan Aoibhinn , Bhunia Anil K. , Sikka Gautam , Nyhan Daniel , Berkowitz Dan E. , Rifkind Joseph M. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundRed blood cell (RBC) deformation is critical for microvascular perfusion and oxygen delivery to tissues. Abnormalities in RBC deformability have been observed in aging, sickle cell disease, diabetes, and preeclampsia. Although nitric oxide (NO) prevents decreases in RBC deformability, the underlying mechanism is unknown.Study Design and MethodsAs an experimental model, we used ionophore A23187–mediated calcium influx in RBCs to reduce their deformability and investigated the role of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and KCa3.1 (Gardos) channel blockers on RBC deformability (measured as elongation index [EI] by microfluidic ektacytometry). RBC intracellular Ca2+ and extracellular K+ were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and potassium ion selective electrode, respectively.ResultsSNP treatment of RBCs blocked the Ca2+ (approx. 10 μmol/L)‐induced decrease in RBC deformability (EI 0.34 ± 0.02 vs. 0.09 ± 0.01, control vs. Ca2+ loaded, p < 0.001; and EI 0.37 ± 0.02 vs. 0.30 ± 0.01, SNP vs. SNP plus Ca2+ loaded) as well as Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux. The SNP effect was similar to that observed after pharmacologic blockade of the KCa3.1 channel (with charybdotoxin or extracellular medium containing isotonic K+ concentration). In RBCs from KCa3.1–/– mice, 10 μmol/L Ca2+ loading did not decrease cellular deformability. A preliminary attempt to address the molecular mechanism of SNP protection suggests the involvement of cell surface thiols.ConclusionOur results suggest that nitroprusside treatment of RBCs may protect them from intracellular calcium increase–mediated stiffness, which may occur during microvascular perfusion in diseased states, as well as during RBC storage.
Real‐time amplification of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase gene for quality control of leukopoor platelets
Authors: Chen Ding‐Ping , Sun Chien‐Feng , Ning Hsiao‐Chen , Peng Chien‐Ting , Wang Wei‐Ting , Tseng Ching‐Ping 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundLeukoreduction of blood products is crucial to prevent white blood cell (WBC)‐associated complications during transfusion. Of the widely accepted methods for quantifying WBCs in blood components, Nageotte hemocytometry is time‐consuming and laborious whereas a specialized instrument is required for flow cytometry. A reliable and affordable method to assess WBC count in blood products is of particular interest.Study Design and MethodsReal‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene was developed for quantifying WBCs in leukopoor platelets (LPPs). After normalization by the cell‐free prefiltrated and postfiltrated plasma DNA, the relative copy number of GAPDH gene in the platelet (PLT) concentrate and its corresponding LPPs was calculated according to the equation of 2−ΔΔCt of which Ct is defined as the threshold cycle. The percentage and the number of WBCs that remained in LPPs were consequently determined. This method was compared to Nageotte hemocytometry and was validated by using serially diluted PLT concentrate and 10 pairs of PLT concentrate‐LPP samples.ResultsConsistent with the removal of WBCs after filtration, the Ct values for the LPP samples were increased when compared to their corresponding PLT concentrate. As revealed by real‐time PCR of GAPDH gene, there is a correlation between the calculated and theoretical WBC count in the serially diluted PLT concentrate (correlation coefficient, 0.9532). The WBC counts for the 10 LPP samples were comparable between Nageotte and real‐time PCR method and were all below 3.3 × 106 WBCs/L.ConclusionThe real‐time PCR method we report in this study is applicable for routine quality assurance during leukoreduction process.
The persistence of hepatitis C virus transmission risk in China despite serologic screening of blood donations
Authors: Wang Jingxing , Liu Jing , Huang Yi , Wright David J. , Li Julin , Zhou Zhongmin , He Weilan , Yang Tonghan , Yao Fuzhu , Zhu Xiangming , Wen Guoxin , Bi Xinhong , Tiemuer Mei‐hei‐li , Wen Xiuqiong , Huang Mei , Cao Ru'an , Yun Zhongqiao , Lü Yunlai , Ma Hongli , Guo Nan , Yu Qilu , Ness Paul , Shan Hua ,   NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II) International Component
Published: June 2013

BackgroundA total of 2%‐2.9% of the population in China is infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study estimated the prevalence and incidence of HCV among Chinese blood donors.Study Design and MethodsWe examined whole blood and apheresis platelet donations at five Chinese blood centers in 2008 to 2010. All donations were screened using two rounds of testing for alanine aminotransferase, antibody to human immunodeficiency virus Types 1 and 2, hepatitis B surface antigen, anti‐HCV, and syphilis. Screening reactivity is defined by a reactive result in one or both rounds of screening tests. Confirmatory tests (Ortho third‐generation HCV enzyme immunoassay, Johnson & Johnson) were performed on anti‐HCV screening–reactive samples. Confirmatory positive rates among first‐time donors (prevalence) and repeat donors (incidence) were calculated by blood center and demographic categories. Donor characteristics associated with HCV confirmatory status among first‐time donors were examined using trend test and multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsAmong 821,314 donations, 40% came from repeat donors. The overall anti‐HCV screening–reactive rate was 0.48%. Estimated HCV prevalence was 235 per 100,000 first‐time donors; incidence was 10 per 100,000 person‐years in repeat donors. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, first‐time donors older than 25 years displayed higher HCV prevalence than the younger donors. Less education is associated with higher HCV prevalence. Donors 26 to 35 years old and those above 45 years displayed the highest incidence rate.ConclusionHigh prevalence and incidence in donors indicate high residual risks for transfusion‐transmitted HCV in Chinese patients. Implementation of minipool nucleic acid testing in routine donation screening may prevent a substantial number of transfusion‐transmitted HCV infections.
Ogilvie’s syndrome following caesarean section
Authors: Latunde-Dada Adeyinka Oluseun , Alleemudder Djavid I , Webster Daniel P 
Published: June 2013

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction syndrome, also known as Ogilvie’s syndrome, is a rare condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We report a case that developed very rapidly after emergency caesarean section. A 20-year-old woman underwent an emergency caesarean section for failure to progress in the first stage of labour and a healthy male infant was delivered without incident. However, soon afterwards the patient developed significant abdominal distension and pain. Ogilvie's syndrome was diagnosed following an abdominal x-ray which revealed a gross large bowel obstruction without mechanical cause. To prevent caecal rupture, the patient underwent successful emergency colonic decompression.
Inhibition of Protein Phosphatase 2A Radiosensitizes Pancreatic Cancers by Modulating CDC25C/CDK1 and Homologous Recombination Repair
Authors: Wei Dongping , Parsels Leslie A. , Karnak David , Davis Mary A. , Parsels Joshua D. , Marsh Amanda C. , Zhao Lili , Maybaum Jonathan , Lawrence Theodore S. , Sun Yi , Morgan Meredith A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Purpose: To identify targets whose inhibition may enhance the efficacy of chemoradiation in pancreatic cancer and thus improve survival, we conducted an siRNA library screen in pancreatic cancer cells. We investigated PPP2R1A, a scaffolding subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a lead radiosensitizing target.
Experimental Design: We determined the effect of PP2A inhibition by genetic (PPP2R1A siRNA) and pharmacologic (LB100, a small molecule entering phase I clinical trials) approaches on radiosensitization of Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Results: PPP2R1A depletion by siRNA radiosensitized Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells, with radiation enhancement ratios of 1.4 (P &lt; 0.05). Likewise, LB100 produced similar radiosensitization in pancreatic cancer cells, but minimal radiosensitization in normal small intestinal cells. Mechanistically, PPP2R1A siRNA or LB100 caused aberrant CDK1 activation, likely resulting from accumulation of the active forms of PLK1 (pPLK1 T210) and CDC25C (pCDC25C T130). Furthermore, LB100 inhibited radiation-induced Rad51 focus formation and homologous recombination repair (HRR), ultimately leading to persistent radiation-induced DNA damage, as reflected by γ-H2AX expression. Finally, we identified CDC25C as a key PP2A substrate involved in LB100-mediated radiosensitization as depletion of CDC25C partially reversed LB100-mediated radiosensitization. In a mouse xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer, LB100 produced significant radiosensitization with minimal weight loss.
Conclusions: Collectively, our data show that PP2A inhibition radiosensitizes pancreatic cancer both in vitro and in vivo via activation of CDC25C/CDK1 and inhibition of HRR, and provide proof-of-concept evidence that PP2A is a promising target for the improvement of local therapy in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(16); 4422–32. ©2013 AACR.
Antigen-Specific Bacterial Vaccine Combined with Anti-PD-L1 Rescues Dysfunctional Endogenous T Cells to Reject Long-Established Cancer
Authors: Binder David C. , Engels Boris , Arina Ainhoa , Yu Ping , Slauch James M. , Fu Yang-Xin , Karrison Theodore , Burnette Byron , Idel Christian , Zhao Ming , Hoffman Robert M. , Munn David H. , Rowley Donald A. , Schreiber Hans 
Published: June 2013

AbstractImmunogenic tumors grow progressively even when heavily infiltrated by CD8+ T cells. We investigated how to rescue CD8+ T-cell function in long-established immunogenic melanomas that contained a high percentage of endogenous PD-1+ tumor-specific CD8+ T cells that were dysfunctional. Treatment with αPD-L1– and αCTLA-4–blocking antibodies did not prevent tumors from progressing rapidly. We then tested exogenous tumor-specific antigen delivery into tumors using Salmonella Typhimurium A1-R (A1-R) to increase antigen levels and generate a proinflammatory tumor microenvironment. Antigen-producing A1-R rescued the endogenous tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell response: Proliferation was induced in the lymphoid organs and effector function was recovered in the tumor. Treatment with antigen-producing A1-R led to improved mouse survival and resulted in 32% rejection of long-established immunogenic melanomas. Following treatment with antigen-producing A1-R, the majority of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells still expressed a high level of PD-1 in the tumor. Combining antigen-producing A1-R with αPD-L1-blocking antibody enhanced the expansion of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and resulted in 80% tumor rejection. Collectively, these data show a powerful new therapeutic approach to rescue dysfunctional endogenous tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and eradicate advanced immunogenic tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(2); 123–33. ©2013 AACR.
Impact of Misrepresentation of Freezing-Level Height by the TRMM Algorithm on Shallow Rain Statistics over India and Adjoining Oceans
Authors: Saikranthi K. , Rao T. Narayana , Radhakrishna B. , Bhaskara Rao S. Vijaya 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe estimation of freezing level-height (FLH) by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) algorithm is evaluated, against several other data sources, over India and adjoining oceans. It is observed that the TRMM algorithm either underestimates or overestimates the FLH [relative to radiosonde- and ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA)-derived FLH] at latitudes > 20°N over India. The agreement between the FLHs obtained from ERA and radiosonde and the TRMM-derived brightband height suggests that usage of ERA-derived FLH may improve shallow rain statistics. The impact of misrepresentation of FLH by the TRMM algorithm on shallow rain statistics is assessed by using 13 yr of TRMM precipitation radar measurements. It is noted that the misidentification of FLH alone affects (mostly underestimates) the shallow rain occurrence and rain fraction by 3%–8% over the study region. The magnitude of underestimation is large over the southern slopes of the Himalaya, the northern plains, and in northwestern India. TRMM identifies most of the shallow rain (30%–50%) as cold rain in regions where the underestimation of FLH is high. This situation could introduce some error in the correction of reflectivity for attenuation and in the retrieval of latent heat profiles.
Implicit–Explicit Runge–Kutta Methods for Fast–Slow Wave Problems
Authors: Whitaker Jeffrey S. , Kar Sajal K. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Linear multistage (Runge–Kutta) implicit–explicit (IMEX) time integration schemes for the time integration of fast-wave–slow-wave problems for which the fast wave has low amplitude and need not be accurately simulated are investigated. The authors focus on three-stage, second-order schemes and show that a scheme recently proposed by one of them (Kar) is unstable for purely oscillatory problems. The instability is reduced if the averaging inherent in the implicit part of the scheme is decentered, sacrificing second-order accuracy. Two alternative schemes are proposed with better stability properties for purely oscillatory problems. One of these utilizes a 3-cycle Lorenz scheme for the slow-wave terms and a trapezoidal scheme for the fast-wave terms. The other is a combination of two previously proposed schemes, which is stable for purely oscillatory problems for all fast-wave frequencies when the slow-wave frequency is less than a critical value. The alternative schemes are tested using a global spectral shallow-water model and a version of the NCEP operational global forecast model. The accuracy and stability of the alternative schemes are discussed, along with their computational efficiency.
The Sense of Earthiness: Everyday Aesthetics
Authors: Mandoki Katya 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA lady, a mare, a lire and a vase are the examples chosen by Hippias Major to reply Socrates’ questions on beauty. These illustrate the fact that the debate on issues related to aesthetics began from the most concrete situations and basic items we may encounter day by day. In this paper I will consider two rudimentary events lacking any of the qualities traditionally considered aesthetic; items that have no elegance, grace or style and are not original, creative or expressive. These plain, simple objects and situations do not intend to incite contemplation because they do not conform to any model of art or beauty nor manifest syntactic or semantic complexity. I am referring to the most prosaic and yet capable of inducing a deep aesthetic response akin to that conveyed by traditional aesthetic objects. A difficult case to argue but for a quality which, despite being entirely ignored by western aesthetic theory, is still worth of regard. This quality may be defined as earthiness or the tellurian, a sensuous and symbolic celebration of sheer materiality in everyday life.
Measuring the symptom burden associated with the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Williams Loretta A. , Gonzalez Araceli G. Garcia , Ault Patricia , Mendoza Tito R. , Sailors Mary L. , Williams Janet L. , Huang Furong , Nazha Aziz , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Cleeland Charles S. , Cortes Jorge E. 
Published: June 2013

Key Points
The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for CML can be used to collect patient-reported symptoms for research and clinical practice. Thirty percent of patients in chronic-phase CML and on TKIs experience moderate symptoms that interfere with daily functioning.
Association of iron overload with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes: a prospective cohort study using R2-MRI–measured liver iron content
Authors: Trottier Bryan J. , Burns Linda J. , DeFor Todd E. , Cooley Sarah , Majhail Navneet S. 
Published: June 2013

Key PointsWe found no association between iron overload and survival or complications in allogeneic transplant recipients at 1 year posttransplant. Future studies should use liver iron content to define iron overload instead of ferritin in this population.
An existence result for fractional differential inclusions with nonlinear integral boundary conditions
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Ntouyas Sotiris K , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This paper studies the existence of solutions for a fractional differential inclusion of order

q
∈
(
2
,
3
]

with nonlinear integral boundary conditions by applying Bohnenblust-Karlin’s fixed point theorem. Some examples are presented for the illustration of the main result.

MSC: 34A40, 34A12, 26A33.
Identification of nucleotides and amino acids that mediate the interaction between ribosomal protein L30 and the SECIS element
Authors: Bifano Abby L , Atassi Tarik , Ferrara Tracey , Driscoll Donna M 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Ribosomal protein L30 belongs to the L7Ae family of RNA-binding proteins, which recognize diverse targets. L30 binds to kink-turn motifs in the 28S ribosomal RNA, L30 pre-mRNA, and mature L30 mRNA. L30 has a noncanonical function as a component of the UGA recoding machinery that incorporates selenocysteine (Sec) into selenoproteins during translation. L30 binds to a putative kink-turn motif in the Sec Insertion Sequence (SECIS) element in the 3’ UTR of mammalian selenoprotein mRNAs. The SECIS also interacts with SECIS-binding protein 2 (SBP2), an essential factor for Sec incorporation. Previous studies showed that L30 and SBP2 compete for binding to the SECIS in vitro. The SBP2:SECIS interaction has been characterized but much less is known about how L30 recognizes the SECIS.

Results
Here we use enzymatic RNA footprinting to define the L30 binding site on the SECIS. Like SBP2, L30 protects nucleotides in the 5’ side of the internal loop, the 5’ side of the lower helix, and the SECIS core, including the GA tandem base pairs that are predicted to form a kink-turn. However, L30 has additional determinants for binding as it also protects nucleotides in the 3’ side of the internal loop, which are not protected by SBP2. In support of the competitive binding model, we found that purified L30 repressed UGA recoding in an in vitro translation system, and that this inhibition was rescued by SBP2. To define the amino acid requirements for SECIS-binding, site-specific mutations in L30 were generated based on published structural studies of this protein in a complex with its canonical target, the L30 pre-mRNA. We identified point mutations that selectively inhibited binding of L30 to the SECIS, to the L30 pre-mRNA, or both RNAs, suggesting that there are subtle differences in how L30 interacts with the two targets.

Conclusions
This study establishes that L30 and SBP2 bind to overlapping but non-identical sites on the SECIS. The amino acid requirements for the interaction of L30 with the SECIS differ from those that mediate binding to the L30 pre-mRNA. Our results provide insight into how L7Ae family members recognize their cognate RNAs.