bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Single-Well Simulators and Economic Performance Criteria To Optimize Fracturing Treatment Design
Authors: Anderson R. W. , Phillips A. M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Low permeability reservoirs are currently being propped with sand, resin coated sand, intermediate density proppants and bauxite. This wide range of proppant cost and performance has resulted in the proliferation of proppant selection models. Initially, a rather vague relationship between well depth and proppant strength dictated the choice of proppant. More recently, computerized models of varying complexity have become available which utilize net present value calculations. The input is based on the operator's performance goals for each well and specific reservoir properties. Simpler, non-computerized approaches also being used include cost/performance comparisons and nomographs. Each type of model, including several of the computerized models, will be examined.
Utilizing these models and net present value calculations, optimum fracturing treatment designs have been developed for low permeability reservoirs such as the Prue in Oklahoma. Typical well conditions are used in each of the selection models and the results are compared. The computerized models allow the operator to determine, prior to fracturing, how changes in proppant type, size, and quantity will affect post-frac production over time periods ranging from several months to many years. Thus, the operator can choose the fracturing treatment design which best satisfies his economic performance goals for a particular well, whether those goals be long term or short term oriented.
A New Approach to the Hyperbolic Curve
Authors: Long D. R. , Davis M. J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
A new approach to hyperbolic decline curve analysis has been developed which is efficient and timesaving and has made it possible to determine the hyperbolic b exponents characterized by thousands of wells. After extensive use of the technique the authors have concluded that the range of the b exponent as prescribed by Arps is too narrow.
Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapy for Shoulder Pain and Impaired Movement in a Patient With Glenohumeral Joint Osteoarthritis: A Case Report
Authors: Crowell Michael S. , Tragord Bradley S. 
Published: April 2015

Study Design Case report. Background Comprehensive treatment strategies are needed for individuals with glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis (OA), especially when they are young and active. Prior dislocation, with or without subsequent shoulder stabilization surgery, complicates the clinical presentation and increases the risk of OA progression. The purpose of this case report was to describe an orthopaedic manual physical therapy approach used in a patient with glenohumeral joint OA who presented with shoulder pain and impaired movement. Case Description A 38-year-old male military officer presented with left-shoulder pain of 2 months in duration that was unrelieved with a subacromial injection. He reported a history of anterior-inferior dislocation with subsequent stabilization surgery 15 years prior and arthroscopic subacromial decompression 2 years prior. Physical examination demonstrated painful limitations in shoulder elevation and internal/external rotation movements, stiffness with testing using accessory glides, and rotator cuff and scapular musculature weakness associated with pain. Outcomes Treatment consisted of 5 sessions provided over 4 weeks. The plan of care included manual physical therapy, exercises, and progressive functional activities specifically tailored to the patient's clinical presentation. Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores decreased from 43% to 17%, and the Patient-Specific Functional Scale average score improved from 3.0 to 7.3 out of 10. After 4 additional weeks of a home exercise program, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index score was 4% and Patient-Specific Functional Scale average score was 9.0. Improvements in self-reported function were maintained at 6 months. Four “booster” treatment sessions were administered at 9 months, contributing to sustained outcomes through 1 year. Discussion In a young, active patient with glenohumeral joint OA, clinically meaningful short-term improvements in self-reported function and pain, maintained at 1 year, were observed with manual physical therapy and exercise. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(6):453–461. Epub 30 Apr 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5887
Cognitive Functional Therapy for Disabling Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: Multiple Case-Cohort Study
Authors: O'Sullivan Kieran , Dankaerts Wim , O'Sullivan Leonard , O'Sullivan Peter B. 
Published: April 2015

Background
Multiple dimensions across the biopsychosocial spectrum are relevant in the management of nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). Cognitive functional therapy is a behaviorally targeted intervention that combines normalization of movement and abolition of pain behaviors with cognitive reconceptualization of the NSCLBP problem while targeting psychosocial and lifestyle barriers to recovery.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of cognitive functional therapy for people with disabling NSCLBP who were awaiting an appointment with a specialist medical consultant.

Design
A multiple case-cohort study (n=26) consisting of 3 phases (A1–B–A2) was conducted.

Methods
Measurement phase A1 was a baseline phase during which measurements of pain and functional disability were collected on 3 occasions over 3 months for all participants. During phase B, participants entered a cognitive functional therapy intervention program involving approximately 8 treatments over an average of 12 weeks. Finally, phase A2 was a 12-month, no-treatment follow-up period. Outcomes were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance or Friedman test (with post hoc Bonferroni correction) across 7 time intervals, depending on normality of data distribution.

Results
Statistically significant reductions in both functional disability and pain were observed immediately postintervention and were maintained over the 12-month follow-up period. These reductions reached clinical significance for both disability and pain. Secondary psychosocial outcomes, including depression, anxiety, back beliefs, fear of physical activity, catastrophizing, and self-efficacy, were significantly improved after the intervention.

Limitations
The study was not a randomized controlled trial. Although primary outcome data were self-reported, the assessor was not blinded.

Conclusions
These promising results suggest that cognitive functional therapy should be compared with other conservative interventions for the management of disabling NSCLBP in secondary care settings in large randomized clinical trials.
Preparation and characterization of silicon nanowires using SEM/FIB and TEM
Authors: Banerjee Sayanti , Muehle Uwe , Löffler Markus , Heinzig Andre , Trommer Jens , Zschech Ehrenfried 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Due to the electronic and structural properties of silicon, silicon nanowires have a great potential in nanoscale electronic devices and sensors. Silicon nanowires used for reconfigurable field effect transistors are designed, synthesized and characterized after each step in order to ensure excellent electrical and physical properties of the end product and to study various process parameters. In this study, silicon nanowire based reconfigurable field effect transistors are studied as as-grown “forests”, individually, oxidized and after forming Schottky junctions. The analysis is performed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Focused ion beam based preparation was carried out in the case of samples with Schottky junctions. This paper provides a comprehensive description of sample preparation and characterization of the nanowires.
Thermorheology of Polyethylene Wax Modified Sulfur Asphalt
Authors: Parvez M. A. , Al-Abdul Wahhab H. I. , Hussein I. A. , Al-Mehthel M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The possibility of using polyethylene (PE) wax to modify the rheology of sulfur asphalt binders is investigated. In this study, two industrial wastes namely sulfur and PE wax are used to modify asphalt for pavement applications. Asphalt binders with different amounts of sulfur and wax content are prepared in a high shear blender and rheological tests were carried out in ARES rheometer. PE wax content was varied from 2 to 8 % and sulfur of up to 40 % is used in asphalt binder. Melt rheology is characterized by dynamic frequency sweep, temperature sweep and artificial ageing techniques. Pure and modified asphalt binders are also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). Improvement in the viscoelastic properties (G′ and G″) of the sulfur asphalt binders is obtained due to the addition of PE wax. PE wax modification has reduced temperature susceptibility of sulfur asphalt and increased the upper performance temperature. In addition, this wax modification has increased the activation energy and the zero shear viscosity of sulfur asphalt. Optimum sulfur and PE wax contents of the asphalt binder are recommended. Utilization of PE wax and sulfur wastes in asphalt modification proved to enhance asphalt pavement life.
Multi-GPU Based Lattice Boltzmann Method for Hemodynamic Simulation in Patient-Specific Cerebral Aneurysm
Authors: Huang Changsheng , Shi Baochang , Guo Zhaoli , Chai Zhenhua 
Published: April 2015

AbstractConducting lattice Boltzmann method on GPU has been proved to be an effective manner to gain a significant performance benefit, thus the GPU or multi-GPU based lattice Boltzmann method is considered as a promising and competent candidate in the study of large-scale complex fluid flows. In this work, a multi-GPU based lattice Boltzmann algorithm coupled with the sparse lattice representation and message passing interface is presented. Some numerical tests are also carried out, and the results show that a parallel efficiency close to 90% can be achieved on a single-node cluster equipped with four GPU cards. Then the proposed algorithm is adopted to study the hemodynamics of patient-specific cerebral aneurysm with stent implanted. It is found that the stent can apparently reduce the aneurysmal inflow and improve the hemodynamic environment. This work also shows that the lattice Boltzmann method running on the GPU platform is a powerful tool to study the fluid mechanism within the aneurysms and enable us to better understand the pathogenesis and treatment of cerebral aneurysms.
The competing effects of sulfide saturation versus degassing on the behavior of the chalcophile elements during the differentiation of hydrous melts
Authors: Jenner Frances E. , Hauri Erik H. , Bullock Emma S. , König Stephan , Arculus Richard J. , Mavrogenes John A. , Mikkelson Nicole , Goddard Charlotte 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThere is a lack of consensus regarding the roles of sulfide saturation versus volatile degassing on the partitioning of Cu and Ag during differentiation and eruption of convergent margin magmas. Because of their oxidized character, volatile‐rich magmas from the Eastern Manus Back‐arc Basin (EMBB) only reach sulfide saturation following magnetite‐driven reduction of the melt: the so‐called “magnetite crisis.” If sulfide saturation typically precedes volatile saturation, the magnetite crisis will limit the proportion of Cu and Ag that can partition from the melt into an exsolving volatile‐rich phase, which may contribute to the sporadic occurrence of magmatic‐hydrothermal ore deposits at convergent margins. However, it is unclear whether the magnetite crisis is a common or rare event during differentiation of volatile‐rich magmas. We report major and trace element data for submarine volcanic glasses from the Tonga arc‐proximal Valu Fa Ridge (VFR; SW Pacific). Cu‐Se‐Ag systematics of samples erupting at the southern VFR suggest magnetite fractionation‐triggered sulfide saturation. The similarity in chalcophile element systematics of the southern VFR and EMBB samples is unlikely to be coincidental, and may indicate that the magnetite crisis is a common event during differentiation of hydrous melts. However, unlike many convergent margin magmas, it is unlikely that the evolving VFR and EMBB were saturated in a S‐bearing volatile phase prior to magnetite fractionation. Hence, the metal‐depleting magnetite crisis may be restricted to back‐arc basin magmas that do not degas volatiles prior to magnetite fractionation and potentially convergent margin magmas fractionating at high pressures in the continental crust.
Indentor‐corner tectonics in the Yakutat‐St. Elias collision constrained by GPS
Authors: Marechal Anaïs , Mazzotti Stephane , Elliott Julie L. , Freymueller Jeffrey T. , Schmidt Michael 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Yakutat‐St. Elias collision in SE Alaska and adjacent Canada represents a prime example of present‐day tectonics associated with an indentor corner. Its eastern syntaxis is marked by high exhumation, a sharp structural bend, and strain concentration at the transition from shortening to oblique transpression. Here we present GPS velocity and strain rate fields that cover the syntaxis, including 11 new stations in the core of the St. Elias Mountains. These data are corrected for transient deformation (glacial isostatic adjustment and postseismic and interseismic loading) to produce residual velocities and strain rates representative of long‐term tectonics. The main features of these velocity and strain rate fields are a peak in strain rates (strain knot) in the syntaxis at the junction between the main fault systems and a rapid rotation from convergence‐parallel to convergence‐normal orientations of the velocities and shortening axes around the syntaxis, leading to shortening across the southern Denali Fault. These features are consistent with the strain and tectonic patterns expected near an indentor corner at the transition from shortening to transpression, with a combination of diffuse and localized deformation. The GPS velocities and strain rates show diffuse deformation around the syntaxis, from pure convergence‐parallel shortening in the orogenic wedge to oblique extension that accommodates the strain rotation at the front of the syntaxis. This indentor‐corner model also results in a near‐zero strike‐slip rate on the southern Denali Fault and shows no clear evidence for a throughgoing fault hypothesized to link the Fairweather and Totschunda Faults.
Wind retrieval from multiangle backscatter lidar profiles through anisotropic aerosol structures
Authors: Tomás Sergio , Rocadenbosch Francesc 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA wind retrieval correlation method for backscatter lidar scanning schemes consisting of a few profiling sounding lines of sight is mathematically formulated in matrix solution form under general anisotropic atmospheric conditions and convective boundary layer scenarios. The method assumes the frozen atmosphere model and works with temporal cross‐correlation functions that do not need to be maximized. The method also applies to the well‐known case of slant scans based on the multiple‐angle azimuth technique (horizontal wind retrievals). A first application of the method to a 1064 nm wavelength case example is presented for a 40° elevation, two‐angle azimuth scan, where horizontal wind speed and wind direction are retrieved.
Torque Vectoring for Drivetrain Systems
Authors: Granzow Claus , Arzner Matthias 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The target‐oriented utilization of the active torque distribution to the four wheels has become increasingly important, especially regarding the improvement in both driving dynamics and traction. Torque vectoring offers the possibility to actively control the yaw moment around the vehicle's vertical axis and therefore improves the vehicle handling and compensates for potential understeering tendency. The different concepts of individual torque distribution will be described and their characteristics will be stated. Starting with the well‐known limited slip differentials, the bow will be drawn to hang‐on systems as well as to twin clutch systems and finally modern torque‐vectoring systems based on superimposition units will be described. Subsequently, the implementation of a specific torque‐vectoring system will be explained in more detail considering the requirements of precise torque control, robust functional availability with adherence to safety requirements, as well as suitability for volume production. On the basis of the technical description of the system and its setup, the interaction of the individual components with the total function is demonstrated.
General Requirement of Traction Motor Drives
Authors: Cheng Ming , Chan C.C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis chapter presents the general requirement of traction motor drives. Differences between traction motors and industrial motors are discussed. Classification of traction motors is given and characteristics of each type of motors namelyDC(direct current) motor, induction motor, permanent magnet (PM) motor,PMhybrid motor, and switched reluctance motor are discussed and evaluated. The newly developed stator‐PMmachines are also introduced. Design consideration of traction motors is described with emphasis on sizing equation, selection of electric and magnetic loadings, speed ratings, and so on. Moreover, system‐level consideration in traction motor design, including single or multi‐motor configurations, fixed‐ or variable‐gearing transmissions, geared or gearless, voltage level, and so on, are also presented. Power devices and power converters for traction motor drives are discussed and evaluated. Control strategies for traction motor drives, including field‐oriented control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC), artificial intelligent control (AIC), and position‐sensorless control (PSLC), are presented and compared.
Bearings and Bearing Design for Transmissions
Authors: Malik Reinhart , Masur Ernst , Schick Andreas 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Modern transmission manufacturing uses made‐to‐measure rolling bearings that are subject to continuous improvement in terms of service life, friction, acoustics, and cost. In order to achieve optimum performance, the entire system of shafts and bearings must be considered in the selection of the bearing construction type and design.
This chapter initially addresses the requirements that transmission bearings are subject to and the basic principles of the types of bearing construction most frequently used. Typical use cases will also be illustrated. Building on this basis, we will provide information on the procedure for bearing design. This is always transmission‐specific, which is why the focus is on system‐based calculation in particular. In practice, it is also important to know typical bearing damage that can occur if the design is not fit for purpose.
Torque Transfer with
AWD
Systems
Authors: Barlage John A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

This chapter is about torque transfer in different types of all‐wheel drive (
AWD
) systems including rear‐wheel drive (
RWD
), front‐wheel drive (
FWD
), and rear engine‐based driveline systems as well as part‐time, full‐time, and on‐demand systems. Part‐time modes such as two‐high (
2H
), four‐high (
4H
), and four‐low (
4L
) are explained, and so are terms such as shift on the fly (
SOF
), transfer case, and power transfer unit (
PTU
). In addition, couplings and coupling activation systems are discussed. Section 1 gives an overview of
AWD
fundamentals and shows the distinction between
FWD
‐ and
RWD
‐based layouts. Section 2 is about how specific torque transfer cases work with
RWD
‐based
AWD
systems in the different working modes: part‐time, full‐time, and on‐demand. Section 3 states what distinguishes
PTUs
for front‐wheel‐based systems from transfer cases and how a
PTU
works, and also covers how
PTUs
enable rear‐engine‐based
AWD
systems. Eventually, Section 4 shows different types of coupling systems for on‐demand systems and common active and passive coupling actuation strategies.
In‐Vehicle Network
Authors: Akiyama Susumu 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

The in‐vehicle network, which exchanges information among electronic devices such as
ECUs
, sensors, and actuators through wired connections, is becoming more widespread as the development of automotive electronic controls advances. This chapter outlines the principles and technologies of the in‐vehicle network, focusing on its purpose, background, current and future development status, and communication protocol.
Capacitively coupled nano conductors
Authors: Hussein Robert , Kohler Sigmund 
Published: April 2015

We investigate electron transport in two quantum circuits with mutual Coulomb interaction. The first circuit is a double quantum dot connected to two electron reservoirs, while the second one is a quantum point contact in the weak tunneling limit. The coupling is such that an electron in the first circuit enhances the barrier of the point contact and, thus, reduces its conductivity. While such setups are frequently used as charge monitors, we focus on two different aspects. First, we derive transport coefficients which have recently been employed for testing generalized equilibrium conditions known as exchange fluctuation relations. These formally exact relations allow us to test the consistency of our master equation approach. Second, a biased point contact entails noise on the DQD and induces non‐equilibrium phenomena such as a ratchet current.image
Brief Report: Miscarriages in Female Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Associations With Serologic Findings, Disease Activity, and Antirheumatic Drug Treatment
Authors: Brouwer Jenny , Laven Joop S. E. , Hazes Johanna M. W. , Dolhain Radboud J. E. M. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo study the association between miscarriage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and serologic findings, disease activity, and antirheumatic drug treatment, and to study disease activity and reproductive outcomes after a miscarriage.MethodsWithin a nationwide prospective cohort study (Pregnancy‐Induced Amelioration of RA study), patients with RA were followed up from preconception until 6 months after delivery or miscarriage. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess variables of interest, with covariates included in the models if the P value for association with miscarriage was <0.20 and subsequently excluded if the P value was >0.10.ResultsAmong 162 pregnancies, 28 miscarriages occurred (17.3%; 95% confidence interval 12.2–24.0%). Women who miscarried were older than women with an ongoing pregnancy. Women who miscarried tended to be more often positive for anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), to have higher disease activity scores, and to have more often received methotrexate (MTX) therapy in the past. Logistic regression showed a tendency toward a higher likelihood of miscarriage in association with increasing age (P = 0.065) and presence of ACPAs (P = 0.092). After miscarriage, 33% of women had a flare of RA. Within 1 year, 68% of women became pregnant again, 14% stopped trying to conceive, and 11% were lost to followup. The live birth rate of the subsequent pregnancy was 90%.ConclusionThe miscarriage rate in the PARA cohort is comparable to that in the general population. Due to the low frequency of miscarriages in this study, the associations between miscarriage in RA and the presence of ACPAs, disease activity, and MTX use did not reach statistical significance. Within 1 year after miscarriage, the majority of patients who continued trying to conceive achieved a pregnancy resulting in a live birth.