bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migraine in a pediatric population: a clinical study in children younger than 7 years of age
Authors: Raieli Vincenzo , Pitino Renata , Giordano Giuliana , Spitalieri Chiara , Consolo Flavia , Puma Domenico , Santangelo Giuseppe , Vanadia Francesca , D'Amelio Marco 
Published: January 2015

AimMigraines in children younger than 7 years of age have received limited attention in the published literature. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of migraine phenotypes in children younger than 7 years, and to compare them with migraines in children older than 7 years of age.MethodWe reviewed all standard clinical files, collected over 4 years, related to children with a diagnosis of primary headache. We included all children younger than 7 years diagnosed with migraine in our study.ResultsA total of 374 children (188 males, 186 females) were affected by migraine with/without aura: 40 of these patients (10.7%; 20 males, 20 females; mean age 5y 7mo, SD 1y 2mo) where younger than 7 years old. The frequencies of the main migraine features in the younger age group were similar to those of children older than 7 years, with the exception of a shorter duration of migraine and reduced frequency of attacks.InterpretationIn children younger than 7 years of age, the clinical phenotype of migraine is similar to that seen in older children. We propose that there is a general genetic migraine susceptibility that, in the presence of activating environmental factors, may induce typical attacks of migraine in individuals already predisposed to migraine attacks. Therefore, different modules induce different clinical features within the different age groups, but there is no difference in the frequencies of clinical phenotypes between the two age groups.
The long‐term consequences of preterm birth: what do teachers know?
Authors: Johnson Samantha , Gilmore Camilla , Gallimore Ian , Jaekel Julia , Wolke Dieter 
Published: January 2015

AimThe knowledge and information needs of education professionals were assessed to determine how prepared they feel to support the growing number of preterm children entering schools today.MethodIn a national survey, 585 teachers and 212 educational psychologists completed the Preterm Birth‐Knowledge Scale (PB‐KS) to assess knowledge of outcomes following preterm birth. Total scores (range 0–33) were compared between groups and the impact of demographic characteristics on knowledge was analysed. Training and information needs were also assessed.ResultsTeaching staff (mean 14.7, SD 5.5) had significantly lower knowledge scores than educational psychologists (mean 17.1, SD 5.0; p<0.001); both had significantly lower scores than neonatal clinicians surveyed previously (mean 26.0, SD 3.6; p<0.001). Education professionals' poorest areas of knowledge related to the most frequent adverse outcomes following preterm birth. Only 16% of teaching staff had received training about preterm birth and more than 90% requested more information. Having a special educational needs role and being employed at least 16 years were associated with higher knowledge scores.InterpretationEducation professionals have poor knowledge of the needs of children born preterm and most feel ill‐equipped to support them in school. As teachers have primary responsibility for providing long‐term support for children born preterm, this is of significant public health and educational concern.
Post mortem magnetic resonance imaging of multiple congenital ocular anomalies in a Comtois mare
Authors: Oosterlinck M. , Grebert A. , Gielen I. , Bosseler L. , Ducatelle R. , Gasthuys F. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryMultiple congenital ocular anomalies syndrome consists of several abnormalities mainly localised to the anterior segment of the eye. This condition, comprising iridal or ciliary cysts with or without iridal hypoplasia, an excessively protruding cornea (‘cornea globosa’), miotic pupils, retinal dysplasia, cataract, and other lesions, has been reported in several breeds and is strongly related to the silver coat colour, as a result of a dominant mutant allele at the PMEL17 locus. This report describes the macroscopic, ultrasonographic, histological and magnetic resonance imaging findings of the ocular abnormalities in a Comtois mare with multiple congenital ocular anomalies syndrome.
The Intelence aNd pRezista Once A Day Study (INROADS): a multicentre, single‐arm, open‐label study of etravirine and darunavir/ritonavir as dual therapy in HIV‐1‐infected early treatment‐experienced subjects
Authors: Ruane PJ , Brinson C , Ramgopal M , Ryan R , Coate B , Cho M , Kakuda TN , Anderson D 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesFollowing antiretroviral therapy failure, patients are often treated with a three‐drug regimen that includes two nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors [N(t)RTIs]. An alternative two‐drug nucleoside‐sparing regimen may decrease the pill burden and drug toxicities associated with the use of N(t)RTIs. The Intelence aNd pRezista Once A Day Study (INROADS; NCT01199939) evaluated the nucleoside‐sparing regimen of etravirine 400 mg with darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg once‐daily in HIV‐1‐infected treatment‐experienced subjects or treatment‐naïve subjects with transmitted resistance.MethodsIn this exploratory phase 2b, single‐arm, open‐label, multicentre, 48‐week study, the primary endpoint was the proportion of subjects who achieved HIV‐1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at week 48 [confirmed virological response (CVR), non‐virological failure (VF) censored]. Key secondary endpoints included assessments of changes from baseline to week 48 in viral load, immunological response, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, safety, tolerability, metabolic and bone markers and body fat.ResultsForty‐one of the 54 enrolled subjects completed the study. Adverse events (7%) and VF (7%) were the most common reasons for discontinuation. The week 48 CVR rate in the intent‐to‐treat (ITT) non‐VF censored population was 89% (primary endpoint). Seven subjects experienced VF. Common adverse events were diarrhoea (15%), rash (15%) and upper respiratory tract infection (11%). Mild/moderate lipid elevations, minimal changes in limb fat distribution and bone mineral density and no clinically relevant changes in glucose metabolism were observed.ConclusionsEtravirine 400 mg and darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg as a two‐drug once‐daily regimen in treatment‐experienced subjects or treatment‐naïve subjects with transmitted resistance was virologically efficacious and well tolerated.
Efficacy of etravirine combined with darunavir or other ritonavir‐boosted protease inhibitors in HIV‐1‐infected patients: an observational study using pooled European cohort data
Authors: Vingerhoets J , Calvez V , Flandre P , Marcelin A‐G , Ceccherini‐Silberstein F , Perno C‐F , Mercedes Santoro M , Bateson R , Nelson M , Cozzi‐Lepri A , Grarup J , Lundgren J , Incardona F , Kaiser R , Sonnerborg A , Clotet B , Paredes R , Günthard HF , Ledergerber B , Hoogstoel A , Nijs S , Tambuyzer L , Lavreys L , Opsomer M ,   Etravirine Cohort Study Group
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesThis observational study in antiretroviral treatment‐experienced, HIV‐1‐infected adults explored the efficacy of etravirine plus darunavir/ritonavir (DRV group; n = 999) vs. etravirine plus an alternative boosted protease inhibitor (other PI group; n = 116) using pooled European cohort data.MethodsTwo international (EuroSIDA; EUResist Network) and five national (France, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and UK) cohorts provided data (collected in 2007–2012). Stratum‐adjusted (for confounding factors) Mantel–Haenszel differences in virological responses (viral load < 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived.ResultsBaseline characteristics were balanced between groups except for previous use of antiretrovirals (≥ 10: 63% in the DRV group vs. 49% in the other PI group), including previous use of at least three PIs (64% vs. 53%, respectively) and mean number of PI resistance mutations (2.3 vs. 1.9, respectively). Week 24 responses were 73% vs. 75% (observed) and 49% vs. 43% (missing = failure), respectively. Week 48 responses were 75% vs. 73% and 32% vs. 30%, respectively. All 95% CIs around unadjusted and adjusted differences encompassed 0 (difference in responses) or 1 (ORs). While ORs by cohort indicated heterogeneity in response, for pooled data the difference between unadjusted and adjusted for cohort ORs was small.ConclusionsThese data do not indicate a difference in response between the DRV and other PI groups, although caution should be applied given the small size of the other PI group and the lack of randomization. This suggests that the efficacy and virology results from DUET can be extrapolated to a regimen of etravirine with a boosted PI other than darunavir/ritonavir.
Novel augmentation ileocystoplasty technique to manage non‐compliant bladders in the presence of obstructed megaureters: The “fez procedure”
Authors: Tayib Abdulmalik M S , Abdel‐Meguid Taha A , Al‐Sayyad Ahmed J , Altayloni Truki E , Khan Mohammed K , Zugail Ahmed S 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo show the efficacy and safety of a novel modification of Studer's neobladder, herein defined as the “fez procedure.”MethodsThe medical records of 21 children (mean age 9.4 ± 1.3 years) who underwent the “fez procedure” at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to manage refractory poorly‐compliant bladders and concomitantly obstructed megaureters were retrospectively reviewed. The patients had been previously managed by either preliminary cutaneous ureterostomy (17 patients) or temporary nephrostomy (four patients) to improve and stabilize the renal functions. The “fez procedure” entailed augmentation ileocystoplasty and the use of an afferent tubularized ileal loop for direct ureteroileal anastomosis. The augmented bladder together with the tubularized loop were fashioned as a “fez” with its tassel. The outcome measures were changes in cystometric capacity, bladder compliance, glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, technetium 99m‐diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid diuretic renography (T1/2), ureteral diameter, vesicoureteral reflux, febrile urinary tract infections, continence and complications.ResultsThe mean study follow‐up period was 52.5 ± 12.8 months. Means of changes of cystometric capacity (273.2 ± 60.9 mL) and bladder compliance (15.6 ± 4.2 mL/cm H2O) were significant (P < 0.0001). Resolution of ureteral obstruction was documented with improved T1/2 and ureteral diameter (P < 0.0001, each) of all patients. The initially improved renal functions after ureterostomies or nephrostomies were maintained after “fez surgery,” with non‐significant changes in the improved glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.22) and serum creatinine (P = 0.18). None of the patients experienced ureteral restenosis, vesicoureteral reflux, febrile urinary tract infections, incontinence or significant complications.ConclusionsThe “fez procedure” represents a versatile and successful surgical option for these selected patients, as it offers improved bladder capacity/compliance, resolution of ureteral obstruction and vesicoureteral reflux, preservation of the renal function, control of urinary tract infections and urinary continence, and acceptable morbidity.
Obsessive‐compulsive behaviour related cutaneous ulcers: two cases with therapeutic considerations
Authors: Nico Marcello MS , Lourenço Silvia V 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObsessive‐compulsive‐related cutaneous disease most often includes trichotillomania, neurotic excoriations and nail biting. In this report, we present two cases of self‐inflicted severe wounds that were diagnosed as secondary to obsessive‐compulsive behaviour. Patients were middle‐aged females who presented with deep cutaneous ulcers that were acknowledgedly maintained through repetitive manipulation. Obsessive‐compulsive‐related cutaneous disease is better treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants in higher dosages than those used to treat depression. Both patients were treated with fluoxetine 60–80 mg that resulted in adequate healing of the ulcers; relapses were observed during attempts to taper fluoxetine dosage. An adequate psychic diagnosis is required if an effective therapeutic response to self‐inflicted cutaneous lesions is desired, because clinically identical lesions can also be caused as a result of distinct mental mechanisms: anxiety, depression, psychosis, obsessive‐compulsive disorder and classic dermatitis artefacta.
Trajectories of Early Binge Drinking: A Function of Family Cohesion and Peer Use
Authors: Soloski Kristy L. , Kale Monk J. , Durtschi Jared A. 
Published: January 2015

Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we tested latent growth models examining whether the number of friends using alcohol and family cohesion were linked with trajectories of binge drinking (N = 3,342) from adolescence (average age 15.06) into young adulthood (average age 27.93). Adolescents with higher family cohesion had lower rates of binge drinking in adolescence (b = −.07, p < .05), while those with more friends drinking alcohol were more likely to binge drink in adolescence (b = .51, p < .001), young adulthood (b = .22, p < .001), and had increasing trajectories of binge drinking across 14 years (b = −.29, p < .001). Clinically, we discuss Multiple‐Family Group Interventions as a potential approach.
Sub/Urban Histories Against The Grain: Myth And Embourgeoisement In Essex Noir
Authors: Millington Gareth 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper considers how literary and cinematic constructions of Essex noir expose the darker, chaotic sides to working‐class embourgeoisement: initially via post‐War suburbanisation and later, via Margaret Thatcher's attempt to encourage competitive individualism and entrepreneurship. Noir angles a “dark mirror” to suburban Essex and develops a distinctive aesthetics of social and cultural change, while also puncturing myths of social mobility and suburban security. The paper points to both affinities and breaks between noir's bleak pessimism and Walter Benjamin's understanding of history as overcoming the concept of progress.
Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: The past 50 years
Authors: Efron Daryl 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder and one of the main diagnoses seen by general paediatricians today. Despite the impression often portrayed in the media, it is not a new condition; in fact it has been described for over 200 years. The past 50 years has seen a progressive increase in our understanding of the underlying neurocognitive deficits in ADHD, and over the past 20 years behavioural genetics and neuroimaging studies have shed light on the complex causal factors and neurobiological processes operating. The plethora of ADHD research has advanced our knowledge of the condition, but so far has had little impact on improving clinical practice. Stimulant medication has been the mainstay of symptomatic treatment for over 30 years; however, it is still unclear how developmental trajectories can be modified to achieve best outcomes. It is hoped that novel therapies and more individualised management will evolve over the coming decades.
Sudden unexpected death in infancy: A historical perspective
Authors: Mitchell Edwin A , Krous Henry F 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEpidemiological, developmental and pathological research over the last 40 years has done much to unravel the enigma of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) that has afflicted the human condition for millennia. Modifications in infant care practices based on the avoidance of risk factors identified from a consistent epidemiological profile across time and multiple locations have resulted in dramatic reductions in the incidence of SUDI and SIDS in particular. The definition of SIDS (or unexplained SUDI) has been continually refined allowing enhanced multidisciplinary research, results of which can be more reliably compared between investigators. These latter expanded definitions mandating death scene investigations, evaluation of the circumstances of death and more comprehensive autopsies including additional ancillary testing have illuminated the importance of life‐threatening sleep environments. The triple‐risk hypothesis for SIDS has been increasingly validated and formulates an inextricable relationship between an infant's state of development, underlying pathological vulnerability and an unsafe sleep environment for sudden infant death to occur. Today, the major risk factors for SUDI are maternal smoking and bed sharing, and the challenge is to implement effective strategies that will reduce the exposure to such risks as was done with prone sleeping position. The challenges ahead include development of clinical methods and/or laboratory testing that will accurately identify which infants are at particularly high risk of SIDS but also means by which their deaths can be prevented.
Viewpoint article: Childhood obesity – looking back over 50 years to begin to look forward
Authors: Sabin Matthew A , Kao Kung‐Ting , Juonala Markus , Baur Louise A , Wake Melissa 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe last 50 years have seen the emergence of childhood obesity as a major public health concern and a condition now regularly encountered in routine general paediatric practice. Causes are extremely complex, bringing together multifactorial environmental factors and individual genetics, and we still do not have a clear understanding of why some children appear predisposed to exaggerated and sometimes extreme weight gain. Overweight and obese children of today face an uncertain future. They are likely to experience higher rates of type 2 diabetes and heart disease, as well as many other health problems. However, while the prevalence of childhood obesity has progressively increased over the last few decades, so has research into its underlying causes. This has led to large‐scale trials aimed at improving prevention or treatment. As data have emerged from such studies, we have begun to accept that the heterogeneity of obesity means that broad ‘common sense’ strategies to address diet and activity will not lead to success on their own. Now is the time to begin to build on this information, dispelling myths and beliefs, in order to focus research efforts and take first steps towards more sophisticated strategies that go beyond the surface behaviours that simply potentiate obesity. Through carefully designed studies, aimed at tackling fundamental questions missed in the hasty development of ‘common sense’ approaches, will come answers that can lead to the development of more effective community‐ and health‐care‐orientated prevention and treatment programmes.
Atlanto‐Axial Malformation and Instability in Dogs with Pituitary Dwarfism due to an LHX3 Mutation
Authors: Voorbij A.M.W.Y. , Meij B.P. , van Bruggen L.W.L. , Grinwis G.C.M. , Stassen Q.E.M. , Kooistra H.S. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundCanine pituitary dwarfism or combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) in shepherd dogs is associated with an LHX3 mutation and can lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations. Some dogs with CPHD have neurological signs that are localized to the cervical spine. In human CPHD, caused by an LHX3 mutation, anatomical abnormalities in the atlanto‐axial (C1‐C2) joint have been described.ObjectivesTo evaluate the presence of atlanto‐axial malformations in dogs with pituitary dwarfism associated with an LHX3 mutation and to investigate the degree of similarity between the atlanto‐axial anomalies found in canine and human CPHD patients with an LHX3 mutation.AnimalsThree client‐owned Czechoslovakian wolfdogs and 1 client‐owned German shepherd dog, previously diagnosed with pituitary dwarfism caused by an LHX3 mutation, with neurological signs indicating a cervical spinal disorder.MethodsRadiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial neck and skull, necropsy, and histology.ResultsDiagnostic imaging identified abnormal positioning of the dens axis and incomplete ossification of the suture lines between the ossification centers of the atlas with concurrent atlanto‐axial instability and dynamic compression of the spinal cord by the dens axis. The malformations and aberrant motion at C1–C2 were confirmed at necropsy and histology.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe atlanto‐axial abnormalities of the dwarf dogs resemble those encountered in human CPHD patients with an LHX3 mutation. These findings suggest an association between the LHX3 mutation in dogs with CPHD and atlanto‐axial malformations. Consequently, pituitary dwarfs should be monitored closely for neurological signs.
Bole bryophyte diversity and distribution patterns along three altitudinal gradients in Yunnan, China
Authors: Song Liang , Ma Wen‐Zhang , Yao Yuan‐Lin , Liu Wen‐Yao , Li Su , Chen Ke , Lu Hua‐Zheng , Cao Min , Sun Zhen‐Hua , Tan Zheng‐Hong , Nakamura Akihiro 
Published: January 2015

AbstractQuestionWe investigated the bryophyte communities on tree boles along three altitudinal gradients located within different types of forested area to answer the following questions: (1) how many bole epiphytic bryophyte species are there; (2) what are the dominant species; (3) what are the richness patterns of epiphytic bryophyte communities along the altitudinal gradients; and (4) what are the major drivers and conservation implications of these patterns?LocationThree protected forested areas in sub‐montane (Mengla transect: 800–1400 m), montane (Zhenyuan transect: 2000–2600 m) and sub‐alpine (Lijiang transect: 3200–3800 m) regions in Yunnan, SW China.MethodSixty 20 m × 20 m sampling plots were established, five at each of 12 altitudes at 200‐m intervals along the transects. Species composition and cover of bryophytes were investigated from 594 subplots (each 400 cm2) on large tree boles of these plots. One‐way ANOVAs were adopted to test for differences in species diversity among different transects. Multi‐dimensional scaling in two dimension (MDS‐2D) ordinations were conducted to assess similarity of bryophyte communities among study transects and altitudes. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied to relate species composition to selected environmental variables.ResultsThe three protected forests in Yunnan harboured 226 epiphytic bryophyte species belonging to 101 genera and 46 families, which were essential components of biodiversity of the entire forest ecosystem. In total, 99% of bryophyte species (224 species) showed varying degrees of local rarity. Smooth mat, fan and turf dominated in the sub‐montane, montane and sub‐alpine forests, respectively. Significantly lower bryophyte species richness was detected in the sub‐montane area, which may be partly attributed to higher temperature, limited water availability and more frequent human disturbance. Epiphytic bryophytes exhibited a hump‐shaped species richness pattern with increasing altitude. Peak richness coincided with highest moisture levels at ca. 2600 m.ConclusionsBased on the presence of a high diversity of bryophytes and a high percentage (99%) of locally rare species growing on tree boles, this study emphasizes the importance of conserving these forests in Yunnan. Additionally, the regional pattern of lower epiphytic bryophyte diversity in warmer, drier areas shown in this study reveals how emerging climate change threatens Yunnan's epiphytic bryophytes.