bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emergence of an agricultural landscape in the highlands of New Guinea
Authors: Haberle Simon G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThat pollen and sedimentological evidence can make a significant contribution to our understanding of the nature and antiquity of agricultural development in the highlands of New Guinea has long been recognised and promoted by Jack Golson. Detecting the beginnings of agriculture and subsequent impact on landscape and vegetation is, however, not straightforward. A conceptual model for the identification of human impact in palaeoecological records is constructed to distinguish between the impact of hunter‐gatherer and agricultural activity. Five palaeoecological sites from highland valleys (1400–1890 m altitude) that cover the period from the last glacial maximum (22 000 cal BP) to the present are reviewed and the implications of the rate and direction of environmental changes are evaluated. Using Rate of Change analysis as a means of identifying deviations in the rate of vegetation change from that which would be expected under natural climate change, the earliest indications of agricultural impact in the vegetation record can be identified at around 7800 cal BP. Subsequent vegetation change reflects an increase in anthropogenic impact that is punctuated by peak episodes of vegetation change towards a more open landscape. The emergence of an agricultural landscape in New Guinea is seen as a result of gradual indigenous development punctuated by external influences such as introduced domestic plants and climate change and variability.
Taro planthoppers (Tarophagus spp.) in Australia and the origins of taro (Colocasia esculenta) in Oceania
Authors: Matthews Peter J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTaro planthoppers (Tarophagus spp.) may be associated exclusively or primarily with taro (Colocasia esculenta), and the geographical distribution of T. proserpina provides circumstantial evidence that taro is native to the Sahul continental region (as well as being native to Sunda). T. colocasiae (Matsumura) (Asche and Wilson 1989a,b) is reported here for the first time in Australia, and the genus Tarophagus is reported for the first time on the wildtype form of taro (C. esculenta). Three species of taro plant hopper are present in Asia and the Pacific. T. proserpina has a relatively narrow distribution extending from eastern New Guinea to Polynesia (Remote Oceania). This distribution adds support to the suggestion that Polynesian taros are derived from a Melanesian taro gene pool. It is tentatively suggested that different Tarophagus species evolved in association with different taro gene pools, before the domestication of taro in multiple regions within Asia and the Pacific. Plant viruses associated with taro and Tarophagus are also discussed.
Pleistocene colonisation of the Bismarck Archipelago: new evidence from West New Britain
Authors: Torrence Robin , Neall Vince , Doelman Trudy , Rhodes Ed , McKee Chris , Davies Hugh , Bonetti Roberto , Guglielmetti Alessandra , Manzoni Alberto , Oddone Massimo , Parr Jeff , Wallace Cleland 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe geological and archaeological signatures at the site of Kupona na Dari on the Willaumez Peninsula, West New Britain provide important new data about human colonisation of the Bismarck Archipelago. Analyses of the stratigraphy and weathering of paleosols and manuports, when combined with fission track, radiocarbon, and luminescence dating, indicate that the site was first occupied at about 35–45,000 years ago. During the whole period of occupation, people were exposed to a series of volcanic events which varied in terms of their potential impacts on the local environment. A PIXE‐PIGME characterisation study of the obsidian artefacts at the site demonstrates that from the earliest period stone resources were acquired from outcrops located across a relatively large region. When compared with Early‐Middle Holocene assemblages from nearby localities, the Pleistocene stone tool technology differs in only a few minor respects. From this analysis we infer that groups were mobile in both periods, but slightly different strategies for the procurement and maintenance of the stone tools were required for the more extensive ranges exploited during the Pleistocene. The inter‐disciplinary study of Kupona na Dari concludes that colonisation comprised a long term process of settling into this volcanically active environment. Due to variability in the environments that people encountered, the pattern of colonisation may not have been similar across the entire Bismarck Archipelago.
The maritime transport of prehistoric megaliths in Micronesia
Authors: Hazell Leslie C. , Fitzpatrick Scott M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper examines Micronesian examples of megalithic transport, focusing particularly on the ocean transport of the famous stone money disks quarried in Palau by Yapese Islanders and moved back to Yap prior to European contact. Using a combination of climatic, oceanographic, ethnohistorical, ethnographic, and archaeological data, we examine the maritime technologies that the Yapese could have used to transport stone money across several hundred kilometres of open‐ocean and offer hypotheses to show how this might have been accomplished using bamboo rafts, canoes and rafts towed by fishing canoes.
Late Holocene human remains from northwest Queensland, Australia: archaeology and palaeopathology
Authors: Domett K.M. , Wallis L.A. , Kynuna D. , Kynuna A. , Smith H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA human burial of late Holocene age was recently excavated from inland northwest Queensland and studied prior to reburial by the Indigenous community. Bones from the lower thoracic region to the feet were recovered. The person had been interred in a crouched position, resting on their lower legs (shins) and wrapped in paperbark. Similar burial techniques have been described in the region's ethnographic literature, and this site represents the first known archaeological example.Ascertaining a firm date for the burial is problematic owing to the nature of the radiocarbon calibration curve in recent centuries. A detailed analysis of the bones indicated the individual to be an adult female, most likely of middle age. There are some significant pathological lesions present that are indicative of treponematosis. The geographic and cultural context of the burial leads us to suggest the most likely diagnosis is treponarid.
Mask Cave: Red‐slipped pottery and the Australian‐Papuan settlement of Zenadh Kes (Torres Strait)
Authors: McNiven Ian J. , Dickinson William R. , David Bruno , Weisler Marshall , von Gnielinski Friedrich , Carter Melissa , Zoppi Ugo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractExcavations at Mask Cave on the sacred islet of Pulu off Mabuyag in the central west of Zenadh Kes (Torres Strait) reveal four occupational phases: Phase 1 (2900–3800 years ago), Phase 2 (2100–2600 years ago), Phase 3 (1500–1700 years ago) and Phase 4 (last 1500 years). Faunal remains indicate marine specialization (turtle and fish) during all phases. Petrographic analysis of sherds of finely made red‐slipped pottery dating back 2400–2600 years reveals a unique fabric in terms of current understandings of Oceanic ceramic technologies. Mineral inclusions are consistent with local geology suggesting local manufacture and the existence of Indigenous Australia's first pottery tradition. Pre‐ceramic Phase 1 is associated with demographic expansions across the western islands of Zenadh Kes by local populations of marine‐based hunter‐gatherers who were primarily Aboriginal language speakers. Phase 2 is associated with the immigration of Papuan maritime, horticultural and pottery‐making peoples to the eastern and western islands of Zenadh Kes commencing 2600 years ago. Australian then Papuan settlement expansions across the western islands of Zenadh Kes explain why the local Western‐Central Language has an Aboriginal base with a Papuan overlay. First colonization of the eastern islands by Papuans explains why the local Meriam Mìr language is Papuan. Early red‐slipped pottery in Zenadh Kes is linked to southern coastal Papuan pottery traditions that are reassessed to have a comparable 2600 year antiquity. Papuan settlement of the southern Papuan coast and Zenadh Kes was an extension of the post‐Lapita settlement of the Pacific, an event memorialized in part by Torres Strait Islander oral tradition.
Treatment of complex gaseous emissions emitted by a rendering facility using a semi‐industrial biofilter
Authors: Malhautier Luc , Cariou Stéphane , Legrand Paul , Touraud Evelyne , Geiger Philippe , Fanlo Jean‐Louis 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo improve process design, and scale‐up of gas biofilters, a thorough understanding of compounds degradation mechanisms within model engineering biofilters is needed. The aim of this study is then to investigate the spatial distribution of pollutants removal within an experimental semi‐industrial biofilter fed with industrial emissions from a rendering plant.RESULTSA stratification pattern of pollutants removal has been highlighted: nitrogenous compounds, esters, volatile fatty acids (VFA), alcohols, ketones and aldehydes are completely or mostly removed especially in the biofilter layers near the gas inlet. In return, the removal of sulphur compounds seems to begin when nitrogenous and oxygenated compounds are almost fully degraded. A sequential degradation of sulphur compounds is also observed: hydrogen sulphide is eliminated in the biofilter section near the gas inlet while methylmercaptan (removal efficiency 87%) and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) (removal efficiency 73%) are mainly eliminated in the second half of the column.CONCLUSIONAn on‐site semi‐industrial biofilter used for waste gas abatement in an animal‐rendering plant exhibited spatial distribution of the compounds removal efficiency. The removal of organic sulphur compounds is not complete. Hence, this work emphasizes the importance of improving gas biofilters to achieve complete elimination of pollutants causing unpleasant odours. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Phosphonate‐Containing Polymeric Networks: Swelling in Water Controlled by Metal Ions
Authors: Kemnitz Melanie , Tabatabai Monir , Utterodt Andreas , Ritter Helmut 
Published: November 2014

A crosslinking agent of thioether containing a phosphonic acid, (3‐((11‐((1,3‐bis(meth­acryloyl­oxy)propan‐2‐yl)oxy)‐11‐oxoundecyl)thio)‐propyl)phosphonic acid (6), is synthesized. The crosslinking agent is characterized by electrospray ionization (ESI), NMR, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. After the copolymerization with N,N'‐dimethyl­acrylamide, the influence of the metal ions Ca2+, Fe3+, and La3+ on the swelling behavior of these disc‐shaped samples is examined. The rheological behavior of unswollen and swollen crosslinked copolymers is also investigated with respect to the added metal ions.
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Vertical gradients in regional alveolar oxygen tension in supine human lung imaged by hyperpolarized 3He MRI
Authors: Hamedani Hooman , Shaghaghi Hoora , Kadlecek Stephen J. , Xin Yi , Han Biao , Siddiqui Sarmad , Rajaei Jennia , Ishii Masaru , Rossman Milton , Rizi Rahim R. 
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether regional alveolar oxygen tension (PAO2) vertical gradients imaged with hyperpolarized 3He can identify smoking‐induced pulmonary alterations. These gradients are compared with common clinical measurements including pulmonary function tests (PFTs), the six minute walk test, and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire.8 healthy non‐smokers, 12 asymptomatic smokers, and 7 symptomatic subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) underwent two sets of back‐to‐back PAO2 imaging acquisitions in the supine position in two opposite directions (top to bottom and bottom to top), followed by clinically standard pulmonary tests. The whole‐lung mean, standard deviation (DPAO2) and vertical gradients of PAO2 along the slices were extracted, and the results were compared with clinically derived metrics. Statistical tests were performed to analyze the differences between cohorts.The anterior–posterior vertical gradients and DPAO2 effectively differentiated all three cohorts (p <0.05). The average vertical gradient PAO2 in healthy subjects was −1.03 ± 0.51 Torr/cm toward lower values in the posterior/dependent regions. The directional gradient was absent in smokers (0.36 ± 1.22 Torr/cm) and was in the opposite direction in COPD subjects (2.18 ± 1.54 Torr/cm). The vertical gradients correlated with smoking history (p =0.004); body mass index (p =0.037), PFT metrics (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, p =0.025; residual volume/total lung capacity percent predicted, p =0.033) and with distance walked in 6 min (p =0.009).Regional PAO2 data indicate that cigarette smoke induces physiological alterations that are not being detected by the most widely used physiological tests. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hearing loss in adult patients with Fabry disease treated with enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Suntjens Eefje B. , Smid Bouwien E. , Biegstraaten Marieke , Dreschler Wouter A. , Hollak Carla E. M. , Linthorst Gabor E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIntroductionData on prevalence, natural history, and effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on hearing loss (HL) in Fabry disease (FD) are scarce.MethodsThis is a retrospective study with cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses. Low and high‐frequency HL in the Dutch FD cohort was studied in four groups: classical and non‐classical FD patients with or without ERT. To study effects of ERT, longitudinal data, corrected for age and gender according to ISO‐1999 guidelines, were analyzed with mixed models.ResultsIn the cross‐sectional analysis, 107 FD patients (41 males), median age 47.6 years (18.8–80.6) were analyzed. At baseline, i.e., before start of ERT, HL was present in 18 patients (16.8 %), of whom four had bilateral sensorineural HL. HL was more often present in patients with the classical phenotype than non‐classical patients (p < 0.01). Likewise, males had more often HL than females. Compared to the general population, FD patients show a median HL of 8.2 dB at low frequencies (p < 0.01) and 29.5 dB at ultra‐high frequencies (p < 0.01). Longitudinal analyses (n = 91) revealed that ERT treated patients show a similar rate of decline, not significantly different from healthy controls.ConclusionAdult FD patients, especially classical affected males, show impaired hearing. Longitudinal analyses during ERT in these patients demonstrates a decline of HL similar to healthy controls, but HL present before initiation of therapy cannot be reversed. Whether early therapy can prevent hearing loss is unknown.
Health‐Related Quality of Life in Patients with MPS II
Authors: Needham Mary , Packman Wendy , Quinn Natasha , Rappoport Maxwell , Aoki Christa , Bostrom Alan , Cordova Matthew , Macias Sandra , Morgan Cynthia , Packman Seymour 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), also known as Hunter syndrome, is a chronic and progressive X‐linked lysosomal disease that mainly affects males. The National MPS Society (2013) reports that MPS II affects 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 150,000 males worldwide. Two distinct forms of the disease are based on age of onset and clinical course: attenuated and severe. MPS II affects many organ systems including the nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. Clinical manifestations can include progressive hearing loss, mental impairment, and enlarged liver and spleen. This study focuses on the health‐related quality of life of individuals (HRQOL) with MPS II as measured by the parent and self‐report versions of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™). Both parents of patients with MPS II as well as patients themselves reported lower scores on all domains of the PedsQL™ (physical, emotional, social and school functioning) indicating that children with MPS II have an overall lower HRQOL when compared to a healthy sample. When compared with patients with other chronic illnesses (cancer, MSUD, galactosemia,), the MPS II sample had significantly lower scores on a number of PedsQL™ scales, suggesting an overall lower HRQOL. No significant relationships were found using scores from parent or self report PedsQL™ measures and length of time on ERT.
Antifungal activity of a termite queen pheromone against egg‐mimicking termite ball fungi
Authors: Matsuura Kenji , Matsunaga Takeshi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe sophisticated colony organization of eusocial insects is attributed to their elaborate chemical communication systems. Pheromones mediate most behaviors involved in colony organization including foraging, defense, brood care, and caste regulation. The number of candidate compounds available to regulate multiple systems may be biosynthetically finite and the production of several compounds instead of a single one may be more costly. Therefore, strong selection pressures encourage the use of single natural products for many purposes. Such versatility of signal substances is especially characteristic of queen pheromones in eusocial Hymenoptera. However, little is known about the multifunctionality of the recently identified termite queen pheromone. Here, we demonstrate that volatile compounds in the queen pheromone of a termite,Reticulitermes speratus(Kolbe), have fungistatic properties. Application of the pheromone compoundsn‐butyl‐n‐butyrate and 2‐methyl‐1‐butanol significantly reduced the germination rates of the egg‐mimicking parasitic termite ball fungus. These pheromone compounds also suppressed mycelial growth of the termite ball fungus and some entomopathogenic fungi. However, the inhibitory activity of each substance differed among fungal strains. Termites likely employ these antimicrobial volatiles to protect eggs and queens, and secondarily as communication agents informing queen fertility. This study supports the notion of evolutionary parsimony, wherein pheromones are originally used as defensive compounds and their communicative function develops secondarily, which is well‐documented in social Hymenoptera.
Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fractures: Outcome and complications as related to operative timing and pin configuration
Authors: Abbott Matthew D. , Buchler Lucas , Loder Randall T. , Caltoum Christine B. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are the most common fracture of the elbow in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in terms of outcomes and complications, Gartland type III pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures treated at a pediatric level-one trauma center over a 7-year period, specifically addressing the impact of time to surgery on the incidence of complications and conversion to open reduction. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 297 pediatric patients that sustained a closed Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fracture treated between December 2004 and December 2011. The time to the operating room was calculated from the medical records for each patient. The outcome measures evaluated were operative time, conversion to open procedure, and perioperative and postoperative complications. Results In our study, there were 30 complications in 25 children (8.4%). Conversion to open reduction occurred in 28 children (9.4%). The time from the emergency department to the operating room was not significantly correlated with increased complications, increased operative time, or conversion to open reduction ( p > 0.05). Crossed pinning resulted in an increased risk of overall complications [odds ratio (OR) = 2.6] and iatrogenic nerve injuries (OR = 9.3). Complications also occurred more commonly in boys (OR = 3.3) and in older patients ( p = 0.0069) Conclusions We found no significant correlation between the time to surgery and complications, operative time, or need for open reduction. These findings support the trend of treating Gartland type III supracondylar humerus fractures in a less urgent manner. In addition, our study supports the concept that cross pinning leads to more complications than lateral pinning, including an 8-fold increase in iatrogenic nerve injury.
Simultaneous Bilateral Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Lei , Wang Huayong , Zhang Hao 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We determined the feasibility and clinical efficacy of simultaneous bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for treating primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). We performed a retrospective analysis of the efficacy of simultaneous bilateral resection of pulmonary bullae using VATS in 21 PSP patients that were treated at our hospital from February 2010 to August 2013. We found bilateral bullae in all patients through the intraoperative exploration. Surgical procedures were successfully completed in all patients without conversion to thoracotomy. The mean time of surgery was 128.76 ± 13.82 min (range 100–150 min). Total amount of intraoperative bleeding was 80–200 ml. Total drainage of bilateral thoracic ducts was 200–500 ml at the 1st postoperative day with a mean drainage of 321.42 ± 82.66 ml. Bilateral thoracic ducts were removed 4–8 days postoperatively with a mean time of 4.7 days. The duration of postoperative hospitalization was 5–9 days with a mean duration of 7 days. No patient had serious complication(s) and all patients were discharged after full recovery. The patients were followed up for 6–18 months after the surgery and no relapse occurred. In conclusion, treating the unilateral PSP by simultaneous bilateral VATS is safe and effective. It reduces patients’ risk of second surgery and also minimizes patients’ suffering and costs incurred.
Retrospective on the Construction and Practice of a State-Level Emergency Medical Rescue Team
Authors: Lei Zhang , Haitao Guo , Xin Wang , Yundou Wang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFor the past few years, disasters like earthquakes, landslides, mudslides, tsunamis, and traffic accidents have occurred with an ever-growing frequency, coverage, and intensity greatly beyond the expectation of the public. In order to respond effectively to disasters and to reduce casualties and property damage, countries around the world have invested more efforts in the theoretical study of emergency medicine and the construction of emergency medical rescue forces. Consequently, emergency medical rescue teams of all scales and types have come into being and have played significant roles in disaster response work. As the only state-level emergency medical rescue force from the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, the force described here has developed, through continuous learning and practice, a characteristic mode in terms of grouping methods, equipment system construction, and training.(Diaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;8:422-425)