bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma DPP4 Activities Are Associated With Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women With Normal Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Zheng Tianpeng , Yang Liuxue , Liu Yihong , Liu Hongbo , Yu Jian , Zhang Xiaoxi , Qin Shenghua 
Published: August 2015

Context:
Inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are risk factors for osteoporosis. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a newly identified adipokine related to these risk factors.

Objective:
To investigate the association between plasma DPP4 activities and osteoporosis.

Design, Setting, and Patients:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Guilin, China. A total of 744 postmenopausal women with normal glucose tolerance were studied.

Main Outcome Measures:
Plasma DPP4 activity, inflammatory markers, blood lipids, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), active GLP-1, bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured in all participants.

Results:
Participants in the highest quartile of DPP4 activity had higher triglyceride, total cholesterol, HOMA-IR, IL-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and osteocalcin and lower BMD (lumbar spine and femoral neck) and active GLP-1 compared with participants in the lowest quartile (P &lt; .05). DPP4 activities were associated positively with triglyceride, total cholesterol, HOMA-IR, IL-6, hs-CRP, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and osteocalcin and negatively with active GLP-1 and BMD (P &lt; .05). In the highest DPP4 quartile, osteoporosis risk was significantly higher (odds ratio, 3.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.66–5.43) than in the lowest quartile after adjustment for potential confounders. The risk for osteoporosis increased more with higher levels of DPP4 activity, HOMA-IR, IL-6, and hs-CRP (P &lt; .05), but not with higher levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol or lower levels of active GLP-1.

Conclusions:
This study shows that increased DPP4 activities are independently associated with osteoporosis. The mechanisms may be partly explained by the effect of DPP4 on inflammation and insulin resistance.
Usability Integration in Agile Development Processes: A Practice-Oriented Best Practice Approach
Authors: Schmitt Hartmut , Magin Dominik , Maier Andreas , Wacker Richard , Wang Josh 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) increasingly rely on agile software development. However, the majority of established usability methods have been developed with traditional software engineering principles in mind. So, one might assume that these methods and tools might not be applicable to agile development projects. In this paper, a possible approach to systematically adapting traditional usability methods to application in agile projects is introduced and documented as best practices. These best practices can be quickly and dynamically employed by agile development team members and can thus contribute to higher quality of software development outputs. The approach described in this paper was developed in the context of a German research project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and conducted by one research institute and three software-developing enterprises and will be evaluated throughout the further course of the project. For this purpose, a number of best practices have been adapted to the context of agile software development and described in detail in order to allow inexperienced software developers of small and medium-sized enterprises to successfully apply these best practices. As two examples of these best practices, we illustrate the best practices ‘Contextual Inquiry’ and ‘Template-Based UI Design’ in this paper.
Orientation-dependent plasma etch rates of single crystal silicon for dry etcher parts
Authors: Choi WangKi , Lee KyuMann 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We have evaluated the orientation dependence of plasma etch rates for single crystal silicon using SF6/Ar and CF4/Ar/O2 chemical gases in an inductively coupled plasma dry etcher. Etch rates for different crystal orientations having various surface conditions were measured. The results indicate that the <111> crystal lattice orientation is etched at a lower rate than the <100> orientation. The dependence of the silicon etch rate on the crystal orientation is derived from differences in the local neighborhood of the exposed surface atoms, such as number of neighbors, dangling bond, and surface bond. Finishing the silicon parts with mirror-finish polishing results in surfaces with a very thin subsurface damage layer that exhibits a lower plasma etch rate. This compares to the much thicker damage layer caused by abrasive machining of the surface during grinding steps, and to the portion of this that remains after polishing.
Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci for Saxifraga egregia (Saxifragaceae)
Authors: Zhang Faqi , Li Yinhu , Gao Qingbo , Lei Shuyun , Khan Gulzar , Yang Huiling , Chen Shilong 
Published: August 2015

Premise of the study:Saxifraga egregia (Saxifragaceae) is a perennial herb that is endemic to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. We developed 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci for S. egregia to investigate its population genetics.Methods and Results:Forty‐eight pairs of microsatellite primers (including 36 monomorphic loci) were isolated and characterized by magnetic bead enrichment. Twelve of these markers showed polymorphism, and the number of alleles per locus ranged from four to 14 across 50 individuals from three populations of S. egregia. No linkage disequilibrium was detected in any pair of loci.Conclusions:These polymorphic markers are expected to be helpful in further studies on the systematics and phylogeography of S. egregia in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
De politieke theologie van John Rawls
Authors: Steenvoorde Richard 
Published: August 2015

The political theology of John Rawls
The philosophy of John Rawls (1921-2002) has had a profound influence on political and legal thinking. From the beginning people have wrestled with the place of religion in his works. Rawls own religious ideas remained hidden territory until 2009, when two documents by Rawls on religion were posthumously published. This article explores how Rawls’ early theological ideas can be recognised in his later works, specifically with regard to faith and reason, the meaning of community, and the question of merit in justice. It concludes that, despite his loss of faith, Rawls remained deeply influenced by the neo-orthodox Christianity of his student days.
De toekomst van het begrip ‘richting’ in de onderwijswetgeving
Authors: Guldenmund René 
Published: August 2015

The future of the concept ‘denomination’ in the Dutch education act
The Netherlands has a unique educational system, based on freedom of education, that provides for public and denominational education both financed on equal terms by the state. Only schools belonging to formally recognized denominations are qualified for public finance. School education is one of the few policy fields in The Netherlands where a formal recognition of faith actually occurs.A denomination is qualified for recognition when four formal conditions are met: (1) it is a fundamental orientation well founded on a specific faith or philosophy of life, (2) that is apparently entrenched in Dutch society, (3) distinguishable from other recognized denominations, and (4) implemented in the bye-laws that must safeguard the religious or philosophical character of the school. In the Roman Catholic denomination only the bishop is competent to recognize a school as Roman Catholic. This system is now under discussion in the political arena, where two alternatives are presented: extension as opposed to abolition of the concept of denomination. The present article concludes that denominational school education is rooted in the concept of civil society and argues the extension of the concept of denomination to include also pedagogical visions. But also in its extended application a connection with a shared contemplation of man should be put first and foremost.
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rose Tracy L. , Kim William Y. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignancy, with an estimated 434 840 incident cases worldwide in 2022. In the US, it is the sixth most common cancer among males and ninth among females.ObservationsClear cell RCC is the most common histologic subtype (75%-80% of cases) and is characterized by inactivation of the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. Many patients (37%-61%) are diagnosed with RCC incidentally on an abdominal imaging study such as ultrasound or computed tomographic scan, and 70% of patients have stage I RCC at diagnosis. Although its incidence has increased approximately 1% per year from 2015 through 2019, the mortality rate of RCC has declined about 2% per year in the US from 2016 through 2020. Patients with a solid renal mass or complex cystic renal mass should be referred to urology. Treatment options for RCC confined to the kidney include surgical resection with partial or radical nephrectomy, ablative techniques (eg, cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation, radiation), or active surveillance for some patients (especially those with renal masses &amp;lt;2 cm). For patients with renal masses less than 4 cm in size (48% of patients), partial nephrectomy can result in a 5-year cancer-specific survival of more than 94%. For advanced or metastatic RCC, combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors or the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors with tyrosine kinase inhibitors are associated with tumor response of 42% to 71%, with a median overall survival of 46 to 56 months.Conclusions and RelevanceRCC is a common malignancy that is often diagnosed incidentally on an abdominal imaging study. Seventy percent of patients are diagnosed with stage I RCC and 11% of patients with stage IV. First-line treatments for early-stage RCC are partial or radical nephrectomy, which can result in 5-year cancer-specific survival of more than 94%, ablative techniques, or active surveillance. New treatment options for patients with metastatic RCC include immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Latent Profiles of Childhood Adversity, Adolescent Mental Health, and Neural Network Connectivity
Authors: Hardi Felicia A. , Beltz Adriene M. , McLoyd Vonnie , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne , Huntley Edward , Mitchell Colter , Hyde Luke W. , Monk Christopher S. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceAdverse childhood experiences are pervasive and heterogeneous, with potential lifelong consequences for psychiatric morbidity and brain health. Existing research does not capture the complex interplay of multiple adversities, resulting in a lack of precision in understanding their associations with neural function and mental health.ObjectivesTo identify distinct childhood adversity profiles and examine their associations with adolescent mental health and brain connectivity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based birth cohort used data for children who were born in 20 large US cities between 1998 and 2000 and participated in the Future Families and Child Well-Being Study. Families were interviewed when children were born and at ages 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15 years. At age 15 years, neuroimaging data were collected from a subset of these youths. Data were collected from February 1998 to April 2017. Analyses were conducted from March to December 2023.ExposuresLatent profiles of childhood adversity, defined by family and neighborhood risks across ages 0 to 9 years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresInternalizing and externalizing symptoms at age 15 years using parent- and youth-reported measures. Profile-specific functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity across the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and frontoparietal network (FPN).ResultsData from 4210 individuals (2211 [52.5%] male; 1959 [46.5%] Black, 1169 [27.7%] Hispanic, and 786 [18.7%] White) revealed 4 childhood adversity profiles: low-adversity (1230 individuals [29.2%]), medium-adversity (1973 [46.9%]), high-adversity (457 [10.9%]), and high maternal depression (MD; 550 [13.1%]). High-adversity, followed by MD, profiles had the highest symptoms. Notably, internalizing symptoms did not differ between these 2 profiles (mean difference, 0.11; 95% CI, −0.03 to 0.26), despite the MD profile showing adversity levels most similar to the medium-adversity profile. In the neuroimaging subsample of 167 individuals (91 [54.5%] female; 128 [76.6%] Black, 11 [6.6%] Hispanic, and 20 [12.0%] White; mean [SD] age, 15.9 [0.5] years), high-adversity and MD profiles had the highest DMN density relative to other profiles (F(3,163) = 11.14; P &amp;lt; .001). The high-adversity profile had lower SN density relative to the low-adversity profile (mean difference, −0.02; 95% CI, −0.04 to −0.003) and the highest FPN density among all profiles (F(3,163) = 18.96; P &amp;lt; .001). These differences were specific to brain connectivity during an emotion task, but not at rest.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, children who experienced multiple adversities, or only elevated MD, had worse mental health and different neural connectivity in adolescence. Interventions targeting multiple risk factors, with a focus on maternal mental health, could produce the greatest benefits.
Outcomes of Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury Transferred to Trauma Centers
Authors: Bhogadi Sai Krishna , Stewart Collin , Hosseinpour Hamidreza , Nelson Adam , Ditillo Michael , Matthews Marc R. , Magnotti Louis J. , Joseph Bellal 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceWide variations exist in traumatic brain injury (TBI) management strategies and transfer guidelines across the country.ObjectiveTo assess the outcomes of patients with TBI transferred to the American College of Surgeons (ACS) level I (LI) or level II (LII) trauma centers (TCs) on a nationwide scale.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this secondary analysis of the ACS Trauma Quality Improvement Program database (2017 to 2020), adult patients with isolated TBI (nonhead abbreviated injury scale = 0) with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) who were transferred to LI/LII TCs we re included. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes were rates of head computed tomography scans, neurosurgical interventions (cerebral monitors, craniotomy/craniectomy), hospital length of stay, and mortality. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical mixed-model regression analyses were performed.ResultsOf 117 651 patients with TBI with ICH managed at LI/LII TCs 53 108; (45.1%; 95% CI, 44.8%-45.4%) transferred from other centers were identified. The mean (SD) age was 61 (22) years and 30 692 were male (58%). The median (IQR) Glasgow Coma Scale score on arrival was 15 (14-15); 5272 patients had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less on arrival at the receiving trauma center (10%). A total of 30 973 patients underwent head CT scans (58%) and 2144 underwent repeat head CT scans at the receiving TC (4%). There were 2124 patients who received cerebral monitors (4%), 6862 underwent craniotomy/craniectomy (13%), and 7487 received mechanical ventilation (14%). The median (IQR) hospital length of stay was 2 (1-5) days and the mortality rate was 6.5%. There were 9005 patients (17%) who were discharged within 24 hours and 19 421 (37%) who were discharged within 48 hours of admission without undergoing any neurosurgical intervention. Wide variations between and within trauma centers in terms of outcomes were observed in mixed-model analysis.ConclusionsIn this study, nearly half of the patients with TBI managed at LI/LII TCs were transferred from lower-level hospitals. Over one-third of these transferred patients were discharged within 48 hours without any interventions. These findings indicate the need for systemwide guidelines to improve health care resource use and guide triage of patients with TBI.
On the dual‐purpose buildings constructed by the Incorporated Church Building Society (Part 1) from the mid‐19th to the early 20th century
Authors: Ebara Sumiko 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Incorporated Church Building Society, established in 1818, was initially unable to subsidize secular‐use buildings from the general fund. However, in 1858, it established the mission building fund and began to construct hamlet chapels, school churches, mission halls, and mission rooms. In the early years, there were some examples of dual‐purpose buildings without a strict distinction between sacred and secular spaces, but a type of building with a church on the upper floor and secular rooms on the lower floor emerged. However, the distinction between sacred and secular spaces was insufficient, and a stage for secular use had not yet emerged.
Mechanical properties of wall soils for predicting damage to the substrate of Hiten wall paintings in the Horyu‐ji Temple main hall caused by humidity fluctuation: Measurements with mock‐up materials
Authors: Ishikawa Kazuki , Ogura Daisuke , Iba Chiemi , Takatori Nobumitsu , Wakiya Soichiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSafe and efficient conservation of cultural artifacts requires preventing artifacts deterioration and energy‐saving environmental control. To achieve this, predicting deterioration caused by environmental conditions is necessary. Predicting the mechanical damage caused by humidity fluctuations necessitates knowledge of the mechanical properties of cultural artifacts materials. Although the mechanical properties of several artifacts have been extensively studied, no investigations have focused on the soils underlying wall paintings. This study aims to clarify some mechanical properties of the upper‐ and middle‐coat soils serving as the substrates for Hiten wall paintings at Horyu‐ji Temple. Mock‐up materials were prepared, and splitting tensile and uniaxial compressive tests were performed. Simultaneously, specimens with various equilibrium humidities were tested to clarify their humidity dependency. The tensile and compressive strengths, Young's modulus, proportional limit, and Poisson's ratio of the upper‐coat soil were 0.103–0.239 MPa, 1.16–2.55 MPa, 0.115–0.209 GPa, and 1.10–2.49 MPa, and 0.152, respectively. Moreover, the humidity‐induced strains for the upper‐ and middle‐coat soils were measured, and the moisture expansion coefficients were approximately 1240 and 2337 μST/−, respectively. The results of this study provide vital data for the conservation of the wall paintings and contribute to a deeper understanding of wall soil properties.
Artificial intelligence‐based motion tracking in cancer radiotherapy: A review
Authors: Salari Elahheh , Wang Jing , Wynne Jacob Frank , Chang Chih‐Wei , Wu Yizhou , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRadiotherapy aims to deliver a prescribed dose to the tumor while sparing neighboring organs at risk (OARs). Increasingly complex treatment techniques such as volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), and proton therapy have been developed to deliver doses more precisely to the target. While such technologies have improved dose delivery, the implementation of intra‐fraction motion management to verify tumor position at the time of treatment has become increasingly relevant. Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently demonstrated great potential for real‐time tracking of tumors during treatment. However, AI‐based motion management faces several challenges, including bias in training data, poor transparency, difficult data collection, complex workflows and quality assurance, and limited sample sizes. This review presents the AI algorithms used for chest, abdomen, and pelvic tumor motion management/tracking for radiotherapy and provides a literature summary on the topic. We will also discuss the limitations of these AI‐based studies and propose potential improvements.
Microwave Hyperthermia Technology Based on Near‐Field Focused Metasurfaces: Design and Implementation
Authors: Xiong Han , Xie Jin‐Yun , Liu Yu‐Jie , Wang Ben‐Xin , Xiao Dong‐Ping , Zhang Huai‐Qing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a near‐field focused metasurface design method for microwave hyperthermia. Utilizing full‐wave electromagnetic simulation, a novel dual‐layer metasurface unit with the following characteristics is developed: transmission efficiency higher than −1 dB, adjustable transmission phase from 0° to 360°, and insensitivity to the polarization and incident angle of the incoming wave. Leveraging phase compensation theory, the units at different positions in the array to achieve near‐field focusing functionality is meticulously designed. To further optimize transmission efficiency, the transmission phase of the central unit of the metasurface to 76° is tuned. When applying this near‐field focused metasurface to microwave hyperthermia, the electromagnetic and thermal effects in biological tissues is conducted simulations and experiments to analyzed. The results demonstrate that the proposed metasurface can effectively focus microwave energy, achieving efficient microwave transmission in pork tissue and generating localized high temperatures in the target area. This research introduces new design concepts and implementation strategies for the development of microwave hyperthermia technology.
Kesterite‐Type Narrow Bandgap Piezoelectric Catalysts for Highly Efficient Piezocatalytic Fenton System
Authors: Zhang Manqi , Wang Kai , Han Chen , Zhang Ming , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Dong Tianbao , Liu Lihong , Wang Shaobin , Liu Shaomin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPiezocatalytic Fenton (PF) system emerges as a promising approach to wastewater treatment by leveraging piezocatalysis to enhance Fenton‐like reactions. However, conventional piezocatalysts encounter challenges because they often compromise catalytic properties in biased favor of superior piezoelectricity, resulting in sluggish catalytic kinetics. To tackle this trade‐off, here a novel class of kesterite‐type narrow bandgap piezoelectrics, Cu2XSnS4 (CXTS, X = Zn, Ni, Co), is developed for PF reactions, which exhibit a unique combination of physicochemical attributes favorable for catalysis such as narrow bandgap (1.2–1.5 eV), high free charge density (1 × 1018 cm−3), mobility, and redox activity while retaining excellent piezoelectricity (62–142 pm V−1). With the well‐balanced piezoelectric, semiconducting, and catalytic properties, CXTS‐based PF systems demonstrate outstanding performance for tetracycline degradation, delivering a notable reaction kinetics of 0.34 min−1 only with a minor H2O2 dosage (1.2 mm), outperforming most of the conventional Fenton‐like reactions requiring a large amount H2O2 dosage by a factor up to 10. Such a remarkable performance is fulfilled by the simultaneously effective H2O2 activation and in situ generation of reactive oxygen species from oxygen and water via piezocatalysis. Additionally, the distinctive hierarchical morphology consisting of 2D nanosheets enables easy crystal domain deformation to trigger the piezoelectric effect, thereby drastically reducing the mechanical energy input required to drive redox reactions. Rigorous testing has validated the viability and practical feasibility of this system. The study offers a new design strategy for highly efficient piezocatalysts in the PF systems, enabling a cost‐effective and sustainable water treatment approach.