bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Glycosylation Promotes Lung Cancer Metastasis through Adhesion to Galectins in the Metastatic Niche
Authors: Reticker-Flynn Nathan E. , Bhatia Sangeeta N. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths. Although dissemination of tumor cells likely occurs early in tumorigenesis, the constituents of the microenvironment play essential rate-limiting roles in determining whether these cells will form clinically relevant tumors. Recent studies have uncovered many molecular factors that contribute to the establishment of a protumorigenic metastatic niche. Here, we demonstrate that galectin-3, whose expression has clinical associations with advanced malignancy and poor outcome, contributes to metastatic niche formation by binding to carbohydrates on metastatic cells. We show that galectin-3 is expressed early during tumorigenesis by both CD11b+Gr-1+ and CD11b+Ly-6Chi leukocytes. Tumors mobilize these myeloid populations through secretion of soluble factors, including IL6. We find that metastatic cancer cells exhibit elevated presentation of the oncofetal galectin-3 carbohydrate ligand, the Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen, on their surfaces as a result of altered C2GnT2 and St6GalNAc4 glycosyltransferase activity that inhibits further glycosylation of this carbohydrate motif and promotes metastasis.
Significance: Although clinical observations of elevated serum galectin-3 levels and altered glycosylation have been associated with malignancy, we identify novel roles for glycosyltransferases in promoting adhesion to galectins in the metastatic niche. This identification of a cytokine–leukocyte–glycosylation axis in metastasis provides mechanistic explanations for clinical associations between malignancy and aberrant glycosylation. Cancer Discov; 5(2); 168–81. ©2014 AACR.
See related commentary by Arnal-Estapé and Nguyen, p. 109
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 97
Simultaneous Consideration of Multiple Candidate Protein Biomarkers for Long-Term Risk for Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Halim Sharif A. , Neely Megan L. , Pieper Karen S. , Shah Svati H. , Kraus William E. , Hauser Elizabeth R. , Califf Robert M. , Granger Christopher B. , Newby L. Kristin 
Published: November 2014

Background—
Although individual protein biomarkers are associated with cardiovascular risk, rarely have multiple proteins been considered simultaneously to identify which set of proteins best predicts risk.

Methods and Results—
In a nested case–control study of 273 death/myocardial infarction (MI) cases and 273 age- (within 10 years), sex-, and race-matched and event-free controls from among 2023 consecutive patients (median follow-up 2.5 years) with suspected coronary disease, plasma levels of 53 previously reported biomarkers of cardiovascular risk were determined in a core laboratory. Three penalized logistic regression models were fit using the elastic net to identify panels of proteins independently associated with death/MI: proteins alone (Model 1); proteins in a model constrained to retain clinical variables (Model 2); and proteins and clinical variables available for selection (Model 3). Model 1 identified 6 biomarkers strongly associated with death/MI: intercellular adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinase-3, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, interleukin-6, soluble CD40 ligand, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2. In Model 2, only soluble CD40 ligand remained strongly associated with death/MI when all clinical risk predictors were retained. Model 3 identified a set of 6 biomarkers (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinase-3, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, interleukin-6, soluble CD40 ligand, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2) and 5 clinical variables (age, red-cell distribution width, diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin, and New York Heart Association class) strongly associated with death/MI.

Conclusions—
Simultaneously assessing the association between multiple putative protein biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and clinical outcomes is useful in identifying relevant biomarker panels for further assessment.
Use of Specific Attenuation for Rainfall Measurement at X-Band Radar Wavelengths. Part II: Rainfall Estimates and Comparison with Rain Gauges
Authors: Diederich Malte , Ryzhkov Alexander , Simmer Clemens , Zhang Pengfei , Trömel Silke 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In a series of two papers, rain-rate retrievals based on specific attenuation A at radar X-band wavelength using the R(A) method presented by Ryzhkov et al. are thoroughly investigated. Continuous time series of overlapping measurements from two polarimetric X-band weather radars in Germany during the summers of 2011–13 are used to analyze various aspects of the method, like miscalibration correction, ground clutter contamination, partial beam blockage (PBB), sensitivity to precipitation characteristics, and sensitivity to temperature assumptions in the retrievals. In Part I of the series, the relations inherent to the R(A) method were used to calculate radar reflectivity Z from specific attenuation and it was compared with measured reflectivity to estimate PBB and calibration errors for both radars. In this paper, R(A) rain estimates are compared to R(Z) and R(KDP) retrievals using specific phase shift KDP. PBB and calibration corrections derived in Part I made the R(Z) rainfall estimates almost perfectly consistent. Accumulated over five summer months, rainfall maps showed strong effects of clutter contamination if R(KDP) is used and weaker impact on R(A). These effects could be reduced by processing the phase shift measurements with more resilience toward ground clutter contamination and by substituting problematic R(KDP) or R(A) estimates with R(Z). Hourly and daily accumulations from rain estimators are compared with rain gauge measurements; the results show that R(A) complemented by R(Z) in segments with low total differential phase shift correlates best with gauges and has the lowest bias and RMSE, followed by R(KDP) substituted with R(Z) at rain rates below 8 mm h−1.
A User-Developed 3-D Hand Gesture Set for Human–Computer Interaction
Authors: Pereira Anna , Wachs Juan P. , Park Kunwoo , Rempel David 
Published: November 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a lexicon for 3-D hand gestures for common human–computer interaction (HCI) tasks by considering usability and effort ratings. Background: Recent technologies create an opportunity for developing a free-form 3-D hand gesture lexicon for HCI. Method: Subjects ( N = 30) with prior experience using 2-D gestures on touch screens performed 3-D gestures of their choice for 34 common HCI tasks and rated their gestures on preference, match, ease, and effort. Videos of the 1,300 generated gestures were analyzed for gesture popularity, order, and response times. Gesture hand postures were rated by the authors on biomechanical risk and fatigue. Results: A final task gesture set is proposed based primarily on subjective ratings and hand posture risk. The different dimensions used for evaluating task gestures were not highly correlated and, therefore, measured different properties of the task–gesture match. Application: A method is proposed for generating a user-developed 3-D gesture lexicon for common HCIs that involves subjective ratings and a posture risk rating for minimizing arm and hand fatigue.
Mapping Poverty to Reach the Urban Poor
Authors: Singh Kulwant 
Published: November 2014

Inclusive urban planning requires comprehensive and sufficiently detailed information about urban areas. In the absence of such information, many informal settlements are left out in the city-wide planning process. In the metros as well as in many big cities in particular, large proportion of the urban population lives in slums in India. The urban projects undertaken in these cities tend to ignore significant slum improvement interventions. The development plans have really not addressed the issue of the marginalisation of the poor in the cities, often leading to their spatial exclusion. They are pushed out of the city, where services are poor and investments are low. Slum Environmental Sanitation Initiative (SESI) of UN-HABITAT in the cities of Bhopal, Indore, Gwalior and Jabalpur in the State of Madhya Pradesh has resulted in significant improvements in the lives of slum communities through creating open defecation free slums, improving access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene practices and mobilising men and women for community action. Poverty Pocket Situation Analysis (PPSA) has been used as an instrument to prioritise the slums for investments based on poverty and environmental infrastructure deficiency matrix. The process involved spatial mapping of infrastructural deficiencies in the slums. The outcome helped in the selection of the most vulnerable slums for water and sanitation intervention under SESI.
Bone‐Anchored Hearing Device Placement with Translabyrinthine Tumor Removal
Authors: McRackan Theodore R. , Goddard John C. , Wilkinson Eric P. , Slattery William H. , Brackmann Derald E. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTranslabyrinthine resection of intracranial tumors results in single‐sided deafness, which can be treated by surgical and nonsurgical means. Here we describe the first series examining complication and device usage rates among patients receiving a surgically implanted bone‐anchored hearing device (BAHD) at the time of translabyrinthine tumor removal.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingPrivate tertiary neurotologic referral center.PatientsPatients (N = 154) undergoing concurrent BAHD placement and translabyrinthine tumor resection.InterventionConcurrent BAHD placement and translabyrinthine tumor removal.Main Outcome MeasuresPostoperative complication rates and BAHD usage.ResultsOf the 154 patients, 121 (78.6%) had no device‐related complications. The most common device‐related complications were skin overgrowth (8.4%), acute infection (5.2%), and chronic infection (3.2%). The overall and specific complication rates did not differ from published BAHD complication rates. One patient (0.6%) developed a cerebrospinal leak through the surgical site for the device. At the time of last follow‐up (mean, 39.8 months), 151 patients (95.0%) were still using their devices.ConclusionPatients undergoing concurrent translabyrinthine tumor removal and BAHD placement exhibit similar device‐related complication profiles as patients undergoing standard device placement. Based on these outcomes and the high long‐term usage rates, BAHD insertion at the time of translabyrinthine intracranial surgery can be considered a safe and useful procedure.
The small foramina of the orbit and periorbital region: assessment with multi detector computed tomography
Authors: Gufler Hubert , Preiss Markus , Koesling Sabrina 
Published: November 2014

Background Familiarity with the variants of the foramina of the orbit and periorbital region is important in planning anesthesiological blocks and during orbital and maxillofacial surgery to avoid damage to nerves and vessels. Purpose To assess the visibility and the incidence of variants of the small foramina of the orbit by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Material and Methods The MDCT scans of 400 orbits from 200 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Slice thickness of the reconstructed images were in the range of 0.5–1.0 mm. The visibility and the variants of the foramen supraorbitale, the foramen infraorbitale, the foramen zygomaticofaciale, the foramen ethmoidale anterius et posterius, and the foramen cranio-orbitale were assessed using three-dimensional reconstruction tools. Results The foramen infraorbitale (100%; n = 400), foramen supraorbitale (99.5%, n = 398), foramen zygomaticofaciale (76.5%; n = 307), and foramen zygomatico-orbitale (74.5%; n = 298) were most reliably detected by MDCT, while the foramen ethmoidale anterius (58.7%; n = 235) et posterius (56.7%; n = 225) were depicted less frequently. The foramen cranio-orbitale could not be identified in any case. Doubling was found for the foramen supraorbitale in 3.25% ( n = 13), the foramen infraorbitale in 1.75% ( n = 7), the foramen zygomaticofaciale in 16% ( n = 64), and the foramen zygomatico-orbitale 14% ( n = 56). Three foramina zygomatico-orbitale and foramina infraorbitale were found in 1.5% ( n = 6) and in 0.5% ( n = 2) of orbits, respectively. Conclusion The foramina supraorbitale, infraorbitale, zygomatico-orbitale, and zygomaticiofaciale and their variants are well visible on MDCT. Knowledge of the exact number of these small foramina is relevant for preoperative evaluation.
Muscle hardness of the triceps brachii before and after a resistance exercise session: a shear wave ultrasound elastography study
Authors: Akagi Ryota , Tanaka Jun , Shikiba Tomofumi , Takahashi Hideyuki 
Published: November 2014

Background Muscle hardness indicates muscle condition, and its measurement before and after resistance exercise is essential for preventing resistance training-induced muscle injury. Purpose To investigate muscle hardness of the triceps brachii (TB) before and immediately after a resistance exercise session involving the elbow extensors. Material and Methods In 18 young men, muscle hardness of the long head of TB was measured at 50%, 60%, and 70% point along the length of the upper arm from the acromial process of the scapula to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus by using shear wave ultrasound elastography. At the same sites, muscle thickness of the long head of TB was also measured by ultrasonography. Resistance exercise was performed using a dumbbell with a mass adjusted to 80% of the one-repetition maximum. Results Although the exercise-induced increase in muscle hardness was significant at all the regions, muscle hardness was significantly higher at 70% of the upper arm length than at the other regions before and after resistance exercise. The exercise-induced increase in muscle thickness was also significant, but the relative changes in muscle hardness before and after resistance exercise were not correlated with the corresponding relative changes in muscle thickness at each region. These results indicate the small effect of exercise-induced muscle swelling on exercise-induced changes in muscle hardness. Conclusion We suggest that muscle damage and/or injury, particularly at the distal region of TB, should be carefully considered to safely perform resistance exercise.
On Fibonacci functions with periodicity
Authors: Kim Hee Sik , Neggers Joseph , So Keum Sook 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this paper we discuss Fibonacci functions using the (ultimately) periodicity and we also discuss the exponential Fibonacci functions. Especially, given a non-negative real-valued function, we obtain several exponential Fibonacci functions.

MSC:11B39, 39A10.
Haplotype defined by the MLH1-93G/A polymorphism is associated with MLH1 promoter hypermethylation in sporadic colorectal cancers
Authors: Miyakura Yasuyuki , Tahara Makiko , Lefor Alan T , Yasuda Yoshikazu , Sugano Kokichi 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
Methylation of the MLH1 promoter region has been suggested to be a major mechanism of gene inactivation in sporadic microsatellite instability-positive (MSI-H) colorectal cancers (CRCs). Recently, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MLH1 promoter region (MLH1-93G/A; rs1800734) has been proposed to be associated with MLH1 promoter methylation, loss of MLH1 protein expression and MSI-H tumors. We examined the association of MLH1-93G/A and six other SNPs surrounding MLH1-93G/A with the methylation status in 210 consecutive sporadic CRCs in Japanese patients.

Methods
Methylation of the MLH1 promoter region was evaluated by Na-bisulfite polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. The genotype frequencies of SNPs located in the 54-kb region surrounding the MLH1-93G/A SNP were examined by SSCP analysis.

Results
Methylation of the MLH1 promoter region was observed in 28.6% (60/210) of sporadic CRCs. The proportions of MLH1-93G/A genotypes A/A, A/G and G/G were 26% (n = 54), 51% (n = 108) and 23% (n = 48), respectively, and they were significantly associated with the methylation status (p = 0.01). There were no significant associations between genotype frequency of the six other SNPs and methylation status. The A-allele of MLH1-93G/A was more common in cases with methylation than the G-allele (p = 0.0094), especially in females (p = 0.0067). In logistic regression, the A/A genotype of the MLH1-93G/A SNP was shown to be the most significant risk factor for methylation of the MLH1 promoter region (odds ratio 2.82, p = 0.003). Furthermore, a haplotype of the A-allele of rs2276807 located -47 kb upstream from the MLH1-93G/A SNP and the A-allele of MLH1-93G/A SNP was significantly associated with MLH1 promoter methylation.

Conclusions
These results indicate that individuals, and particularly females, carrying the A-allele at the MLH1-93G/A SNP, especially in association with the A-allele of rs2276807, may harbor an increased risk of methylation of the MLH1 promoter region.
Decreased histone deacetylase 4 is associated with human osteoarthritis cartilage degeneration by releasing histone deacetylase 4 inhibition of runt-related transcription factor-2 and increasing osteoarthritis-related genes: a novel mechanism of human osteoarthritis cartilage degeneration
Authors: Cao Kun , Wei Lei , Zhang Zhiqiang , Guo Li , Zhang Congming , Li Yongping , Sun Changqi , Sun Xiaojuan , Wang Shaowei , Li Pengcui , Wei Xiaochun 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
To investigate if decreased histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is associated with human osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage degeneration by releasing HDAC4 inhibition of runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) resulting in increase of OA cartilage degeneration-related genes.

Methods
The mRNA and protein levels of HDAC4, Runx2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and type X collagen were detected by performing real-time PCR (RT-PCR), western blotting and immunohistochemistry on specimens from human OA and normal cartilage. To further explore the mechanism of regulation of Runx2 and OA-related genes by HDAC4, changes in these OA-related genes were further quantified by RT-PCR after overexpression of HDAC4 and knockdown of HDAC4 by siRNA. Runx2 and MMP-13 promoter activities were measured by dual luciferase assays.

Results
The levels of HDAC4 in the cartilage from OA patients and healthy 40- to 60-year-old donors were decreased to 31% and 65% compared with specimens from 20- to 40-year-old healthy donors, respectively (P <0.05). Decreased HDAC4 was associated with increased Runx2 and other OA-related genes in human OA cartilage, specifically: MMP-13, Ihh and type X collagen. Exogenous HDAC4 decreased the mRNA levels of Runx2, MMP1, MMP3, MMP-13, type X collagen, Ihh, ADAMTS-4 and -5, and increased the mRNA of type II collagen. In addition, the data also shows that overexpression of HDAC4 not only decreased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, Cox2 and iNos and increased the expression of aggrecan, but also partially blocked the effect of IL-1β on expression of catabolic events in human OA chondrocytes. HDAC4 also inhibited Runx2 promoter activity and MMP13 promotor activity in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, inhibition of HDAC4 by TSA drug had an opposite effect.

Conclusions
Our study is the first to demonstrate that decreased HDAC4 contributes, at least in part, to the pathogenesis of OA cartilage degeneration. Thus, HDAC4 may have chondroprotective properties by inhibiting Runx2 and OA-related genes.
Targeting subchondral bone in osteoporotic osteoarthritis
Authors: Roman-Blas Jorge A , Herrero-Beaumont Gabriel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe identification of well-defined phenotypes along the course of the disease may open new avenues for personalized management in osteoarthritis (OA). In vivo research carried out in various animal models as well as epidemiological and clinical data support the existence of a particular phenotype - osteoporotic OA. In fact, subchondral bone has become a potential therapeutic target in OA. Depending on the ratio between formation and resorption, subchondral bone remodeling can culminate in either a sclerotic or an osteoporotic phenotype. Patients with osteoporotic OA may thus achieve clinical and structural benefit from treatment with bone-targeted interventions.
SWOG S0221: A Phase III Trial Comparing Chemotherapy Schedules in High-Risk Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Budd George T. , Barlow William E. , Moore Halle C.F. , Hobday Timothy J. , Stewart James A. , Isaacs Claudine , Salim Muhammad , Cho Jonathan K. , Rinn Kristine J. , Albain Kathy S. , Chew Helen K. , Burton Gary V. , Moore Timothy D. , Srkalovic Gordan , McGregor Bradley A. , Flaherty Lawrence E. , Livingston Robert B. , Lew Danika L. , Gralow Julie R. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose To determine the optimal dose and schedule of anthracycline and taxane administration as adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer. Patients and Methods A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to test two hypotheses: (1) that a novel continuous schedule of doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide was superior to six cycles of doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide once every 2 weeks and (2) that paclitaxel once per week was superior to six cycles of paclitaxel once every 2 weeks in patients with node-positive or high-risk node-negative early-stage breast cancer. With 3,250 patients, a disease-free survival (DFS) hazard ratio of 0.82 for each randomization could be detected with 90% power with two-sided α = .05. Overall survival (OS) was a secondary outcome. Results Interim analyses crossed the futility boundaries for demonstrating superiority of both once-per-week regimens and once-every-2-weeks regimens. After a median follow-up of 6 years, a significant interaction developed between the two randomization factors (DFS P = .024; OS P = .010) in the 2,716 patients randomly assigned in the original design, which precluded interpretation of the two factors separately. Comparing all four arms showed a significant difference in OS (P = .040) but not in DFS (P = .11), with all treatments given once every 2 weeks associated with the highest OS. This difference in OS seemed confined to patients with hormone receptor–negative/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –negative tumors (P = .067), with no differences seen with hormone receptor–positive/HER2-negative (P = .90) or HER2-positive tumors (P = .40). Conclusion Patients achieved a similar DFS with any of these regimens. Subset analysis suggests the hypothesis that once-every-2-weeks dosing may be best for patients with hormone receptor–negative/HER2-negative tumors.