bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the dorsolateral and ventrolateral approaches for repair of canine sacroiliac luxation
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Kowaleski Michael , McCarthy Robert , Boudrieau Randy 
Published: October 2015

Summary
Objectives: Retrospective comparison of dorsolateral (DLA) and ventrolateral (VLA) surgical approaches for treatment of canine sacroiliac luxation using three different radiographic analyses.
Methods: Surgical cases with immediate and ≥ 4 week postoperative radiographs were reviewed (Jan. 2000 to Jan. 2015). Exactness of reduction, screw position, and sacral body screw purchase were assessed with three separate methods: single plane assessment and orthogonal assessment with or without rotational limits.
Results: The reduction index (RI) for DLA and VLA was not significantly different with single plane assessment (p = 0.0789), but it was significantly greater for DLA than VLA with orthogonal assessment, with or without rotational limits (p = 0.0039, p = 0.0146). No differences were observed with screw placement into the intended location (single plane, and orthogonal assessment with or without rotational limits; p = 0.2941, p = 0.4151, p = 0.3550, respectively). No differences were observed between mean screw purchase index (SPI) and the 60% goal for the DLA (p = 0.1303, p = 0.9594, p = 0.7120) or 50% goal for the VLA (p = 0.2224, p = 0.1401, p = 0.2224; single plane, and orthogonal assessment with or without rotational limits). Implant loosening was present in four DLA cases and one VLA case. No differences were observed in the number of cases or number of screws that loosened (p = 0.3483 and p = 0.6873, respectively).
Clinical significance: The key factor demonstrated in maintaining screw and fixation stability was correct screw placement within the sacral body, regardless of the surgical approach.
Lameness caused by an extradural lumbosacral foraminal synovial cyst in three German Shepherd Dogs
Authors: Rapp Martin , Schmökel Hugo 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThree German Shepherd Dogs that were presented for investigation of chronic uni -lateral hindlimb lameness and pain in the lumbosacral region were diagnosed with an intra spinal, extradural synovial cyst and reactive fibrosis protruding into the foramen of the lumbosacral articulation using magnetic resonance imaging and histology. This extradural mass compressed the nerve root in the foramen and the cauda equina. During a dorsal laminectomy and unilateral partial foraminotomy, the cyst and the fibrotic tissue were removed with the aid of a 2.4 mm 30° arthroscope for visualization of the foramen. The fibrotic tissue surrounding the cysts was in all cases confluent with the annulus of the intervertebral disc. The histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a synovial cyst in all three cases by finding inflamed synovial membrane in the samples from the wall of the cyst as well as reactive fibrosis and cartilaginous metaplasia in the surrounding tissue. The three patients improved after the surgery and were pain free during the follow-up evaluations.
Thymic Epithelial Cells Are a Nonredundant Source of Wnt Ligands for Thymus Development
Authors: Brunk Fabian , Augustin Iris , Meister Michael , Boutros Michael , Kyewski Bruno 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Wnt signaling has been implicated in T cell development. However, it remained unclear which cell type is the major source of Wnt ligands and to what extent thymic epithelial cell (TEC) development is dependent on Wnt signaling. In this study, we analyzed the role of Wnt ligands provided by TECs for the development of T cells and TECs without manipulating the intracellular Wnt signaling machinery in either cell type. To this end, we used conditional knockout mice (FoxN1-Gpr177) in which TECs are unable to secrete Wnt ligands. Gpr177 (Evi/Wls) is a Wnt-specific cargo receptor that is required for the secretion of Wnt ligands. We found that TECs are the main source of Wnt ligands in the thymus, which serves a nonredundant role, and lack of TEC-provided Wnt ligands led to thymic hypotrophy, as well as a reduced peripheral T cell pool. Despite being reduced in numbers, T cells that developed in the absence of TEC-secreted Wnt ligands were functionally competent, and the subset composition of the peripheral T cell pool was not affected. Thus, our data suggest that T cell development is not directly dependent on TEC-provided Wnt ligands. Rather, TEC-secreted Wnt ligands are essential for normal thymus development and normal peripheral T cell frequencies but are dispensable for T cell function in the periphery.
A density property for fractional weighted Sobolev spaces
Authors: Dipierro Serena , Valdinoci Enrico 
Published: October 2015

In this paper we show a density property for fractional weighted Sobolev spaces. That is, we prove that any function in a fractional weighted Sobolev space can be approximated by a smooth function with compact support.
The additional difficulty in this nonlocal setting is caused by the fact that the weights are not necessarily translation invariant.
Towards Oka–Cartan theory for algebras of holomorphic functions on coverings of Stein manifolds I
Authors: Brudnyi Alexander , Kinzebulatov Damir 
Published: October 2015

We develop complex function theory within certain algebras of holomorphic functions on coverings of Stein manifolds. This, in particular, includes the results on holomorphic extension from complex submanifolds, corona-type theorems, properties of divisors, holomorphic analogs of the Peter–Weyl approximation theorem, Hartogs-type theorems, characterization of uniqueness sets. The model examples of these algebras are:
(1) Bohr’s algebra of holomorphic almost periodic functions on tube domains;

(2) algebra of all fibrewise bounded holomorphic functions (e.g., arising in the corona problem for

H^\infty

).

Our approach is based on an extension of the classical Oka–Cartan theory to coherent-type sheaves on the maximal ideal spaces of these algebras – topological spaces having some features of complex manifolds.
Suspended particle capture by synthetic vegetation in a laboratory flume
Authors: Fauria Kristen E. , Kerwin Rachel E. , Nover Daniel , Schladow S. Geoffrey 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVegetated floodplains and wetlands trap particles, a process that is important for water quality and wetland function and morphology. The rates of particle removal by vegetation remain poorly characterized, especially for small particles and vegetation coated with biofilm. In this study, we measured capture rates of road dust by arrays of grass‐like synthetic vegetation in a laboratory flume. We performed 40 experiments in which stem density, flow velocity, the presence of biofilm, and initial particle concentration varied, and used an in situ particle size analyzer to measure the concentration of a continuous particle size distribution (1.25–250 µm diameter). We fit first‐order decay models to the particle concentration measurements to determine particle capture rates and found that capture rates increased with particle size, stem density, and the presence of biofilm. Capture rates decreased with increasing flow velocity, which suggests that fast flows may resuspend particles from stems. We also calculated percent particle capture efficiencies and fit a new empirical model for capture efficiency to our results. We found that particle capture efficiency was highest for low stem density treatments and propose that stem density affects capture by altering turbulent kinetic energy.
Assessing uncertainties in surface water security: An empirical multimodel approach
Authors: Rodrigues Dulce B. B. , Gupta Hoshin V. , Mendiondo Eduardo M. , Oliveira Paulo Tarso S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVarious uncertainties are involved in the representation of processes that characterize interactions among societal needs, ecosystem functioning, and hydrological conditions. Here we develop an empirical uncertainty assessment of water security indicators that characterize scarcity and vulnerability, based on a multimodel and resampling framework. We consider several uncertainty sources including those related to (i) observed streamflow data; (ii) hydrological model structure; (iii) residual analysis; (iv) the method for defining Environmental Flow Requirement; (v) the definition of critical conditions for water provision; and (vi) the critical demand imposed by human activities. We estimate the overall hydrological model uncertainty by means of a residual bootstrap resampling approach, and by uncertainty propagation through different methodological arrangements applied to a 291 km2 agricultural basin within the Cantareira water supply system in Brazil. Together, the two‐component hydrograph residual analysis and the block bootstrap resampling approach result in a more accurate and precise estimate of the uncertainty (95% confidence intervals) in the simulated time series. We then compare the uncertainty estimates associated with water security indicators using a multimodel framework and the uncertainty estimates provided by each model uncertainty estimation approach. The range of values obtained for the water security indicators suggests that the models/methods are robust and performs well in a range of plausible situations. The method is general and can be easily extended, thereby forming the basis for meaningful support to end‐users facing water resource challenges by enabling them to incorporate a viable uncertainty analysis into a robust decision‐making process.
Assessing water resource system vulnerability to unprecedented hydrological drought using copulas to characterize drought duration and deficit
Authors: Borgomeo Edoardo , Pflug Georg , Hall Jim W. , Hochrainer‐Stigler Stefan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGlobal climate models suggest an increase in evapotranspiration, changing storm tracks, and moisture delivery in many parts of the world, which are likely to cause more prolonged and severe drought, yet the weakness of climate models in modeling persistence of hydroclimatic variables and the uncertainties associated with regional climate projections mean that impact assessments based on climate model output may underestimate the risk of multiyear droughts. In this paper, we propose a vulnerability‐based approach to test water resource system response to drought. We generate a large number of synthetic streamflow series with different drought durations and deficits and use them as input to a water resource system model. Marginal distributions of the streamflow for each month are generated by bootstrapping the historical data, while the joint probability distributions of consecutive months are constructed using a copula‐based method. Droughts with longer durations and larger deficits than the observed record are generated by perturbing the copula parameter and by adopting an importance sampling strategy for low flows. In this way, potential climate‐induced changes in monthly hydrological persistence are factored into the vulnerability analysis. The method is applied to the London water system (England) to investigate under which drought conditions severe water use restrictions would need to be imposed. Results indicate that the water system is vulnerable to drought conditions outside the range of historical events. The vulnerability assessment results were coupled with climate model information to compare alternative water management options with respect to their vulnerability to increasingly long and severe drought.
Identifying seasonal patterns of phosphorus storm dynamics with dynamic time warping
Authors: Dupas Rémi , Tavenard Romain , Fovet Ophélie , Gilliet Nicolas , Grimaldi Catherine , Gascuel‐Odoux Chantal 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhosphorus (P) transfer during storm events represents a significant part of annual P loads in streams and contributes to eutrophication in downstream water bodies. To improve understanding of P storm dynamics, automated or semiautomated methods are needed to extract meaningful information from ever‐growing water quality measurement data sets. In this paper, seasonal patterns of P storm dynamics are identified in two contrasting watersheds (arable and grassland) through Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) combined with k‐means clustering. DTW was used to align discharge time series of different lengths and with differences in phase, which allowed robust application of a k‐means clustering algorithm on rescaled P time series. In the arable watershed, the main storm pattern identified from autumn to winter displayed distinct export dynamics for particulate and dissolved P, which suggests independent transport mechanisms for both P forms. Conversely, the main storm pattern identified in spring displayed synchronized export of particulate and dissolved P. In the grassland watershed, the occurrence of synchronized export of dissolved and particulate P forms was not related to the season, but rather to the amplitude of storm events. Differences between the seasonal distributions of the patterns identified for the two watersheds were interpreted in terms of P sources and transport pathways. The DTW‐based clustering algorithm used in this study proved useful for identifying common patterns in water quality time series and for isolating unusual events. It will open new possibilities for interpreting the high‐frequency and multiparameter water quality time series that are currently acquired worldwide.
High‐Performance Integrated Control of water quality and quantity in urban water reservoirs
Authors: Galelli S. , Castelletti A. , Goedbloed A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper contributes a novel High‐Performance Integrated Control framework to support the real‐time operation of urban water supply storages affected by water quality problems. We use a 3‐D, high‐fidelity simulation model to predict the main water quality dynamics and inform a real‐time controller based on Model Predictive Control. The integration of the simulation model into the control scheme is performed by a model reduction process that identifies a low‐order, dynamic emulator running 4 orders of magnitude faster. The model reduction, which relies on a semiautomatic procedural approach integrating time series clustering and variable selection algorithms, generates a compact and physically meaningful emulator that can be coupled with the controller. The framework is used to design the hourly operation of Marina Reservoir, a 3.2 Mm3 storm‐water‐fed reservoir located in the center of Singapore, operated for drinking water supply and flood control. Because of its recent formation from a former estuary, the reservoir suffers from high salinity levels, whose behavior is modeled with Delft3D‐FLOW. Results show that our control framework reduces the minimum salinity levels by nearly 40% and cuts the average annual deficit of drinking water supply by about 2 times the active storage of the reservoir (about 4% of the total annual demand).
Synthesis of ortho‐(Fluoro)alkylated Pyridines via Visible Light‐Promoted Radical Isocyanide Insertion
Authors: Tong Kun , Zheng Tianyi , Zhang Yan , Yu Shouyun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA regiospecific synthesis of ortho‐trifluoromethylated and ortho‐(fluoro)alkylated pyridine derivatives has been developed. This strategy is enabled by visible light‐promoted vinyl isocyanide insertions with Umemoto’s reagent and electron‐deficient bromides at room temperature. The methodology presented here provides an access to highly functionalized ortho‐(fluoro)alkylated pyridine derivatives regiospecifically under mild conditions with good yields. The proposed mechanism was supported by TEMPO trapping experiments, Stern–Volmer analysis and light off/on and time profile experiments.magnified image
Oxygen Reduction with a Bifunctional Iridium Dihydride Complex
Authors: Schiwek Christoph , Meiners Jenni , Förster Moritz , Würtele Christian , Diefenbach Martin , Holthausen Max C. , Schneider Sven 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe iridium dihydride [Ir(H)2(HPNP)]+ (PNP=N(CH2CH2PtBu2)2) reacts with O2 to give the unusual, square‐planar iridium(III) hydroxide [Ir(OH)(PNP)]+ and water. Regeneration of the dihydride with H2 closes a quasi‐catalytic synthetic oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) cycle that can be run several times. Experimental and computational examinations are in agreement with an oxygenation mechanism via rate‐limiting O2 coordination followed by H‐transfer at a single metal site, facilitated by the cooperating pincer ligand. Hence, the four electrons required for the ORR are stored within the two covalent MH bonds of a mononuclear metal complex.
Trapping the δ Isomer of the Polyoxometalate‐Based Keggin Cluster with a Tripodal Ligand
Authors: Sartzi Harikleia , Miras Haralampos N. , Vilà‐Nadal Laia , Long De‐Liang , Cronin Leroy 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe report the synthesis, structural, and electronic characterization of the theoretically predicted, but experimentally elusive δ‐isomer of the Keggin polyoxometalate polyanion. A family of δ‐Keggin polyoxoanions of the general formula, (TEA)HpNaq [H2M12(XO4)O33(TEA)]⋅r H2O where p, q, r=[2,3,8] for 1 and [4,1,4] for 2 were isolated by the reaction of tungstate(VI) and vanadium(V) with triethanolammonium ions (TEAH), acting as a tripodal ligand grafted to the surface of the cluster thereby stabilizing the polyanionic δ‐Keggin archetype. The δ‐Keggin species were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, FT‐IR, UV/Vis, NMR, and ESI‐MS spectrometry. Electronic structure and structure–stability correlations were evaluated by means of DFT calculations. The compounds exhibited multi‐electron transfer and reversible photochromic properties by undergoing single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SC–SC) transformations accompanied with color changes under light.
High‐contrast Noninvasive Imaging of Kidney Clearance Kinetics Enabled by Renal Clearable Nanofluorophores
Authors: Yu Mengxiao , Liu Jinbin , Ning Xuhui , Zheng Jie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNoninvasive imaging of kidney clearance kinetics (KCK) of renal clearable probes is key to studying unilateral kidney function diseases, but such imaging is highly challenging to achieve with in vivo fluorescence. While this long‐standing challenge is often attributed to the limited light penetration depth, we found that rapid and persistent accumulation of conventional dyes in the skin “shadowed” real fluorescence signals from the kidneys and prevented noninvasive imaging of KCK, which, however, can be addressed with renal clearable nanofluorophores. By integrating near infrared emission with efficient renal clearance and ultralow background interference, the nanofluorophores can increase kidney‐contrast enhancement and imaging‐time window by approximately 50‐ and 1000‐fold over conventional dyes, and significantly minimize deviation between noninvasive and invasive KCK, laying down a foundation for translating in vivo fluorescence imaging in preclinical noninvasive kidney function assessments.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Spiroketals with Aminothiourea Catalysts
Authors: Yoneda Naoki , Fukata Yukihiro , Asano Keisuke , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractChiral spiroketal skeletons are found as core structures in a range of bioactive compounds. These natural compounds and their analogues have attracted much attention in the field of drug discovery. However, methods for their enantioselective construction are limited, and easily available optically active spiroketals are rare. We demonstrate a novel catalytic asymmetric synthesis of spiroketal compounds that proceeds through an intramolecular hemiacetalization/oxy‐Michael addition cascade mediated by a bifunctional aminothiourea catalyst. This results in spiroketal structures through the relay formation of contiguous oxacycles, in which multipoint recognition by the catalyst through hydrogen bonding imparts high enantioselectivity. This method offers facile access to spiroketal frameworks bearing an alkyl group at the 2‐position, which are prevalent in insect pheromones. Optically active (2S,5S)‐chalcogran, a pheromone of the six‐spined spruce bark beetle, and an azide derivative could be readily synthesized from the bicyclic reaction product.
19F Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement: A Valuable Tool for Distance Measurements in Proteins
Authors: Matei Elena , Gronenborn Angela M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFluorine NMR paramagnetic relaxation enhancement was evaluated as a versatile approach for extracting distance information in selectively F‐labeled proteins. Proof of concept and initial applications are presented for the HIV‐inactivating lectin cyanovirin‐N. Single F atoms were introduced at the 4‐, 5‐, 6‐ or 7 positions of Trp49 and the 4‐position of Phe4, Phe54, and Phe80. The paramagnetic nitroxide spin label was attached to Cys residues that were placed into the protein at positions 50 or 52. 19F‐T2 NMR spectra with different relaxation delays were recorded and the transverse 19F‐PRE rate, 19F‐Γ2, was used to determine the average distance between the F nucleus and the paramagnetic center. Our data show that experimental 19F PRE‐based distances correspond to 0.93 of the 1HN‐PRE distances, in perfect agreement with the gyromagnetic γ19F/γ1H ratio, thereby demonstrating that 19F PREs are excellent alternative parameters for quantitative distance measurements in selectively F‐labeled proteins.
Computational optimal control of the Saint–Venant PDE model using the time‐scaling technique
Authors: Chen Tehuan , Xu Chao 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a new time‐scaling approach for computational–optimal control of a distributed parameter system governed by the Saint–Venant partial differential equations (PDEs). We propose the time‐scaling approach that can change a uniform time partition to a nonuniform one. We also derive the gradient formulas by using the variational method. Then, the method of lines is applied to compute the Saint–Venant PDEs after implementing the time‐scaling transformation and the associate costate PDEs. Finally, we compare the optimization results using the proposed time‐scaling approach with the one not using it. The simulation result demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed time‐scaling method. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H∞Fuzzy State‐Feedback Control Plus State‐Derivative‐Feedback Control Synthesis for Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Kaewpraek Nikorn , Assawinchaichote Wudhichai 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of designing an H∞fuzzy state‐ feedback (SF) plus state‐derivative‐feedback (SDF) control system for photovoltaic (PV) systems based on a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. The TS fuzzy controller is designed on the basis of the Takagi‐Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model. The sufficient condition is found such that the system with the fuzzy controller is asymptotically stable and an H∞performance is satisfied. First, a dc/dc buck converter is considered to regulate the power output by controlling state and state‐derivative variables of PV systems. The dynamic model of PV systems is approximated by the TS fuzzy model in the form of nonlinear systems. Then, based on a well‐known Lyapunov functional approach, the synthetic is formulated of an H∞fuzzy SF plus SDF control law, which guarantees the L2‐gain from an exogenous input to the regulated output to be less than or equal to some prescribed value. Finally, to show effectiveness, the simulation of the PV systems with the proposed control is assessed by the computer programme. The proposed control method shows good performance for power output and high stability for the PV system.