bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk prediction models for chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: LUO Mengna , Nie Shan , Yang Qiulan , Ouyang Xuping , Chen Linmin , Wu Liping , Li Jia , Fan Yuying 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: The development of risk prediction models for chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting (CINV) in cancer patients has been increasing, while the quality and applicability of these models in clinical practice and future research remain unknown.
Objective: To systematically review published studies on risk prediction models for CINV in patients with cancer.
Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and clinical trials.
Methods: We searched nine electronic databases, including SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), from inception to January 30, 2024. Data from selected studies were extracted, including study design, data source, sample size, predictors, model development, and performance. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) checklist was used to assess the risk of bias and applicability.
Results: Twelve studies involving 2215 patients were included. The incidence of CINV in patients with cancer ranged from 17.7 % to 69 %. The most frequently used predictors were age and gender. The reported AUC ranged from 0.66 to 0.85. Twelve studies were found to have a high risk of bias, primarily due to inappropriate reporting of the analysis domain. The pooled AUC value of the six validated models was 0.73 (95 % confidence interval: 0.68–0.79), indicating a fair level of discrimination.
Conclusion: Although the included studies reported a certain level of discrimination in the prediction models of CINV in patients with cancer, all of them were found to have a high risk of bias according to the PROBAST checklist. Future studies should focus on developing new models with larger samples, rigorous study designs, and multicenter external validation.
Registration: The protocol for this study is registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42024507899).
Age-specific patterns of enteropathogenic infections and co-infections among patients with different severity of acute diarrhea in China from 2009 to 2020
Authors: Wang Li-Ping , Li Ting-Ting , Xu Qiang , Liu Yan-Ning , Wang Guo-Lin , Lv Chen-Long , Li Hao , Li Zhong-Jie , Gao George F , Yang Wei-Zhong , Hong Feng , Hay Simon I , Fang Li-Qun , Liu Wei , Team Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Etiology 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute diarrhea contributes to a significant global burden of disease. However, the infection or co-infection patterns of enteropathogens, along with their age dependence and clinical effects, remain ambiguous.
Methods
A nationwide sentinel surveillance was conducted in all-age patients with acute diarrhea in China from 2009 to 2020. The clinical severity was assessed using a modified Vesikari score method, which categorized cases into moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) or mild diarrhea. The association between clinical severity and age-specific patterns of enteropathogenic infections and co-infections was analyzed through a binary logistic regression model.
Results
A total of 195,988 individuals were enrolled and tested for 17 enteropathogens, among whom 27,358 (13.96%) patients developed MSD. In comparison to patients with mild diarrhea, MSD patients showed significantly higher rates of viral-bacterial co-infection in adults and older adults, as well as higher rates of viral-viral co-infection across almost all age groups except children aged < 6 months. The multivariate analyses revealed a significantly distinct pattern in the infections and co-infections of viral and bacterial enteropathogens associated with MSD between children and adults.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the age-specific patterns of enteropathogen infection among cases of MSD and mild diarrhea and underscore the necessity for age-related strategies in vaccine schedules, clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown period on hospital admissions for pediatric injuries: a French nationwide study
Authors: Recher Morgan , Fall Soxna F. K. , Lockhart-Bouron Marguerite , Lacan Laure , Theis Didier , Leteurtre Stéphane , Bruandet Amélie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE
During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown posed a number of unprecedented problems. Injuries to children are a major public health concern. This study sought to determine the impact of France’s 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on hospital admissions for paediatric injuries.
METHODS
This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of data from the French national inpatient database. Children admitted to a French hospital for an injury from January to July 2020 and 2019 were included. The number of admissions for injuries between January and July in 2020 (the study period) vs. the same period (the control period) in 2019 were recorded. Hospital admission rate ratios (HRRs) comparing 2020 with 2019 were calculated for three periods: before lockdown (January 1st to March 15th ), during lockdown (March 16th to May 10th ), and after lockdown (May 11th to July 31st ]).
RESULTS
A total of 72089 children were admitted to hospital for injuries between January and July 2020 (mean (SD) age, 8.7 (5.8)), and 84961 between January and July 2019 (mean (SD) age, 9.2 (5.7)). 12864 children (18%) were admitted during the lockdown period in 2020, and 23098 (27%) during the equivalent period in 2019 (HRR, 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55–0.57; p < .001). During the 2020 lockdown, the risk of injury–related paediatric admissions with critical care lasting for at least 1 day was lower than in 2019 (HRR 0.67; 95%CI, 0.62–0.73; p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Further research could usefully examine how parents create a safe home environment for their children.
Integration of Interprofessional Simulation for Safeguarding Children and Families: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Menzies Jen , Meller Sophie , Robinson Elaine , Counihan Chris , Clark Emma , Ogle Justine , Dorward Margaret 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of translational and transformational simulation experience in building student confidence around complex safeguarding decisions.
Methods
The research was framed within an exploratory sequential mix method design [1]. A survey before and after the safeguarding simulation using an author-developed questionnaire ad Likert scale were entered into SPSS (statistical software version 29) for quantitative analysis. Qualitative - student responses directly following the simulation using Mentimeter – a digital technology that collects anonymous comments in real-time and a professional independently facilitated discussion two weeks after the simulation.
Results
The quantitative results revealed a positive correlation between the experience of simulated interprofessional education and their confidence in understanding complex collaborative decision-making. Qualitative findings revealed four categories: (1) Confidence, (2) Information sharing, (3) Communication and (4) interprofessional working, derived from students' expressions of learning.
Conclusion
Interprofessional education (IPE) and simulation can produce a positive learning experience in theory and practice increasing student confidence significantly in complex collaborative decision-making. Understanding the complexities of different roles, alongside the value of information each brings, is imperative for safeguarding children and families.
Analysis of the Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer with TSC2 Mutation
Authors: Chen Jianjun , Zhang Guohui , Li Zhulin , Yang Yong , Wei Guanghui , Wang Zhenjun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer diagnosis and leading the third most cancer mortality worldwide. The TSC2 gene is recognized for its important role in regulating a multitude of biological processes, with some studies suggesting that it may function as a prognostic marker for many types of tumors.
Methods: In our study, we enrolled 102 CRC patients and conducted next-generation sequencing on their tumor tissues to assess mutations of gene. The mutation rate of the TSC2 gene was found to be 7.84%. We investigated the association between TSC2 mutations and the clinicopathological features among CRC patients.
Results: Mutations in TSC2 were significantly associated with low differentiation of tumor, microsatellite instability, and presence of nerve invasion. Bioinformatics analysis provided further insight, revealing that TSC2 in CRC patients is significantly linked to reduced overall and disease-free survival rates. Additionally, we selected 800 co-expressed genes of TSC2, and research gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. The results underscored TSC2 important regulatory function in numerous biological processes.
Conclusions:In conclusion, TSC2 appears to have a potential link to the progression of CRC. The analysis of TSC2 mutations could be used as a effective prognostic tool for patients with CRC, offering a new dimension in the clinical management and therapeutic strategies for this prevalent cancer.
Differentiating the movement of esports players who play different game genres
Authors: Dupuy Antoine , Campbell Mark J. , Toth Adam J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Esports is a fast-growing worldwide phenomenon encompassing hundreds of millions of competitive players. It is well-established that different game genres require distinct cognitive skills, but the biomechanical implications of playing different game genres have received little attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether kinematic behaviour differs among players across game genres. 63 esports players played a First Person Shooter (FPS), Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA), or Adventure game for 10-minutes. Three tri-axial accelerometers, positioned on each participant’s right upper limb (hand, forearm, arm), recorded kinematic data during gameplay. Hand acceleration magnitude, direction change, distance travelled, and displacement area (size and shape) were calculated in addition to forearm, and arm acceleration ratios. There was a marked difference in movement patterns across players of different game genres. FPS players displayed greater hand acceleration, moved their hand through a greater distance, and over a larger displacement area compared to MOBA and Adventure players. MOBA players exhibited greater average hand acceleration, changed direction more and covered more distance compared to Adventure players within a smaller overall area. This is the first study to quantify gamers' kinematic behaviour across genres, demonstrating the importance of physical demands on performance and equipment in esports.
FLT3 inhibitors and hematopoietic cell transplantation prolong survival in patients with FLT3-ITD-positive AML
Authors: Matsukawa Toshihiro , Onozawa Masahiro , Kondo Takeshi , Kanaya Minoru , Hidaka Daisuke , Ota Shuichi , Mori Akio , Shigematsu Akio , Miyagishima Takuto , Kakinoki Yasutaka , Hashiguchi Junichi , Yamamoto Satoshi , Yamamoto Masayo , Wakasa Kentaro , Takahata Mutsumi , Ishihara Toshimichi , Haseyama Yoshihito , Fujimi Akihito , Igarashi Tetsuya , Sarashina Takehiro , Iyama Satoshi , Kobayashi Ryoji , Sakai Hajime , Fujimoto Katsuya , Inamura Junki , Kanisawa Yuji , Hirabayashi Shinsuke , Endo Tomoyuki , Hashimoto Daigo , Teshima Takanori 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy with genetic alterations. The FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene is frequently mutated in adult de novo AML, with two types of mutations: internal tandem duplication (ITD) and point mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of FLT3 inhibitors and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) on survival outcomes in patients with FLT3-ITD AML in a real-world setting. We retrospectively analyzed 139 patients with FLT3-ITD-positive AML between 2012 and 2021. The median age was 63 years. In the propensity score-matched cohort, FLT3 inhibitors improved overall survival (OS) compared with patients treated without FLT3 inhibitors (3-year OS: 33.7% vs. 25.8%, p = 0.021). Patients who underwent HCT had superior outcomes to those without HCT (3-year OS: 45.3% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.0001). The combination of FLT3 inhibitors and HCT resulted in the highest OS and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates (3-year OS: 62.4%; 3-year RFS: 67.2%). Disease status before transplantation did not predict the prognosis, but use of FLT3 inhibitors increased survival in patients without complete remission before HCT. These results demonstrate the clinical impact of FLT3 inhibitors on survival outcomes in patients with FLT3-ITD-positive AML, particularly when combined with HCT. FLT3 inhibitor can improve the prognosis of AML with FLT3 mutations, especially in patients who undergo HCT.
Machine learning constructs a model to predict systemic inflammatory response syndrome after percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Zhou Guiming , Yang Bin , Zhou Yuan , Zhang Rong , Liu Jianhe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose: A prediction model for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was created using a machine learning (ML) algorithm. The model's diagnostic prediction ability and clinical utility for SIRS were examined and analyzed in order to give clinicians a foundation for diagnosing and treating patients' conditions.
Methods: 444 individuals with upper urinary tract calculi who had PCNL were included in this study. Depending on whether SIRS developed after PCNL, the patients were divided into SIRIS and non-SIRS groups, 68 clinical variables were examined. 131 of the 444 patients experienced SIRS. The traditional binary logistic regression (LR) was utilized to create the prediction model after the clinical data from the two groups were compared to assess the risk variables, and the optimal ML algorithm was chosen to create the SIRS prediction model. The ML prediction models were assessed for the prediction model's performance by drawing the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calculating the area under the curve (AUC).
Results: 24 characteristics showed statistical significance in univariate analysis. By using multivariate analysis, 8 independent risk variables were found, including preoperative nitrite (OR=7.453, P<0.001), history of hypertension (OR=1.93, P=0.021), postoperative urinary white blood cells (OR=1.001, P<0.034), postoperative nitrite (OR=6.775, P<0.001), postoperative interleukin-6 (OR = 1.001, P = 0.028), postoperative C-reactive protein (OR=1.014, P= 0.027) and postoperative nephrostomy (OR=3.004, P<0.001). After determining eight independent risk variables, a binary LR prediction model was created, and its AUC was 0.827. The XGBoost has built a ML prediction model with an AUC of 0.941. The ML model's strong therapeutic advantages are confirmed by the decision analysis curve (DCA).
Conclusion: The ML predictive model is more credible and offers better therapeutic advantages than the traditional LR prediction model, with a higher AUC. In certain instances, ML predictive model might offer additional foundation for clinicians to make timely and precise decisions about the early detection and diagnosis of SIRS.
Exploring the effects of assembly strategies on differential gene expression – A case study in a non-model crustacean species, the wild black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon)
Authors: Nguyen Minh Thanh , Tran Minh Nhut , Le Thi Hong Tham , Vo Thi Bao Chau , Nguyen Hoang Khue Tu , Tran Thi Hai Yen , Nguyen Thanh Luan , Elizur Abigail , Ventura Tomer , Nguyen Tuan Viet , Vo Thu Thi Minh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The Penaeus monodon genome became a subject for extended studies of several aspects of nutrition, growth, and reproduction. In this study, transcriptome from the hepatopancreas and ovary of wild-caught female broodstocks were generated by genome-guided (GG) and de novo (DN) assembly. We compared the effectiveness of these methods in terms of the number of transcripts and their annotations. We analyzed mapping features and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using three estimation approaches: mapping reads against (i) a genome assembly of P. monodon (reference-based (RB)), transcriptome generated by (ii) GG, and (iii) DN assembly. DN had the highest percentage of mapping rates and annotated aligned reads, leading to 2.09 times more unigenes than GG assembly, with 49% of unigenes matching the blast search, compared to 39.66%. Furthermore, 69% of blasted unigenes from DN assembly were assigned GO terms in DN assembly, compared to 23.9% in GG. Additionally, DEGs identified of the two tissues by DN approach (820) surpassed the total number of DEGs identified by GG (488) and RB (117) approaches. In contrast, the GG approach identified the highest number of DEGs from our genes of interest (93.5%), followed by the DN (82.6%) and the RB (37.3%) approach. The DN assembly is ideal for transcript reconstruction and DEGs recovery, while the GG assembly generated an appropriate database for studying specific genes or sets of genes. We, therefore, recommend using a combination of DN and GG assemblies to improve differential gene expression analysis for non-model organisms with poorly resolved genome annotations.
Which curriculum components do medical students find most helpful for evaluating AI outputs?
Authors: Waldock William J. , Lam George , Baptista Ana V Madeira Teixeira , Walls Risheka , Sam Amir H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The risk and opportunity of Large Language Models (LLMs) in medical education both rest in their imitation of human communication. Future doctors working with generative artificial intelligence need to judge the value of any outputs from LLMs to safely direct the management of patients. We set out to evaluate our students’ ability to validate LLM responses to clinical vignettes, identify which prior learning they utilised to scrutinise the LLM answers, and whether they were aware of ‘clinical prompt engineering’.
Methods
A content analysis cohort study was conducted amongst 148 consenting final year medical students at Imperial College London. A survey asked students to evaluate answers provided by GPT 3.5 in response to ten clinical scenarios, five of which GPT 3.5 had answered incorrectly, and to identify which prior training enabled them to determine the accuracy of the GPT 3.5 output.
Results
The overall median student score in correctly judging the answers given by GPT 3.5 was 61%, with 65% demonstrating sound clinical reasoning for their decision. Students reported interactive case-based discussions and pathology teaching to be the most helpful for AI output evaluation. Only 5% were aware of ‘clinical prompt engineering’.
Conclusion
Artificial intelligence is a sociotechnical reality, and we need to validate the new pedagogical requirements for the next generation of doctors. Our data suggest that critical analysis taught by pathology clinical case teaching is currently the self-reported best training for medical students to evaluate the outputs of LLMs. This is significant for informing the design of medical training for future doctors graduating into AI-enhanced health services.
Examining mortality rates over the centuries: Employing a large family-tree analysis in the United States
Authors: Piane GinaMarie , Azubuike Precious Chidozie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
In an extended family case study approach, analysis of infant mortality, under-five mortality, maternal mortality, and life spans among ancestors have been calculated. This allows for comparisons across centuries and comparison of the health status of immigrant families and their counterparts remaining in Europe.
Methods
Data sources included oral histories verified by US and Italian census records, US immigration records, vital statistics, burial, and military records: n = 2000, sources = 4000 records. The family originated from a 500-acre village in Calabria, Italy.
Results
Infant mortality rates were highest among those born between 1860 and 1869. Ten maternal deaths were identified; 9 in the 1800s and one in the 1900s. Life span varied significantly between immigrants to North America and those who remained in Italy.
Conclusion
This historical research explores the hardship and poverty among immigrants in the United States and examines the parallel experiences of their family members in Italy. In addition, this research serves as a teaching tool in Epidemiology coursework.
Epcoritamab-Induced Fatal Pleural Effusion in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Takahata Atsushi , Shimada Tomohito , Bando Kana , Toyota Shigeo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Epcoritamab, a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody targeting CD3 and CD20, has shown significant efficacy in treating refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, its use can lead to severe side effects, such as tumor flare. Here, we report the case of an 84-year-old male with relapsed DLBCL who developed fatal unilateral pleural effusion following Epcoritamab treatment. Initially, the patient showed a favorable response, but later developed significant pleural effusion with elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, indicating a severe inflammatory response. This suggests that Epcoritamab directly affected the pleural lesions and caused a localized cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Despite aggressive management, including tocilizumab and corticosteroids, the patient's condition worsened, leading to his death. This case underscores the importance of regular lab tests and imaging follow-ups to monitor and manage severe inflammatory reactions based on tumor location. Comprehensive monitoring protocols are needed to mitigate risks associated with novel immunotherapies. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of fatal unilateral pleural effusion in a patient with relapsed DLBCL following Epcoritamab treatment.