bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of breastfeeding on body composition and maturational tempo in the rat
Authors: Crispel Yonatan , Katz Oren , Ben-Yosef Dafna , Hochberg Ze'ev 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Features of life history are subject to environmental regulation in the service of reproductive fitness goals. We have previously shown that the infant-to-childhood transition reflects the adaptive adjustment of an individual's size to the prevailing and anticipated environment.

Methods
To evaluate effects of weaning age on life-history traits in rats, we repeatedly measured length and body mass index (BMI), as well as physiological development and sexual maturation in pups weaned early (d16), normally (d21) or late (d26). Males were bred to females of the same weaning age group for four generations.

Results
Here, we show that the age at weaning from lactation regulates a rat's life history, growth, body composition and maturational tempo. We show that early-weaned rats developed faster than normal- or late-weaned rats; they are leaner and longer than late-weaned ones who are heavier and shorter. Early-weaned progeny develop more rapidly (that is, fur budding, pinnae detachment, eye opening); females show earlier vaginal opening and estrous and males show earlier onset of testicular growth. In generations 3 and 4, early-weaned rats bear larger litter sizes and heavier newborn pups. The entire traits complex is transmitted to subsequent generations from the paternal side.

Conclusions
The findings presented here lend support to the proposition that the duration of infancy, as indexed by weaning age, predicts and perhaps programs growth, body composition, and the tempo of physiological development and maturation, as well as litter size and parity and, thereby, reproductive strategy.
New perspectives on evolutionary medicine: the relevance of microevolution for human health and disease
Authors: Rühli Frank Jakobus , Henneberg Maciej 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEvolutionary medicine (EM) is a growing field focusing on the evolutionary basis of human diseases and their changes through time. To date, the majority of EM studies have used pure theories of hominin macroevolution to explain the present-day state of human health. Here, we propose a different approach by addressing more empirical and health-oriented research concerning past, current and future microevolutionary changes of human structure, functions and pathologies. Studying generation-to-generation changes of human morphology that occurred in historical times, and still occur in present-day populations under the forces of evolution, helps to explain medical conditions and warns clinicians that their current practices may influence future humans. Also, analyzing historic tissue specimens such as mummies is crucial in order to address the molecular evolution of pathogens, of the human genome, and their coadaptations.
Genetic tests in sports medicine - many studies, little impact
Authors: Rudnik-Schöneborn Sabine 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Genetic research in sports has a history of more than 40 years of endeavouring to find out which genetic factors can predict the performance of an athlete. With increasing knowledge of the human genome and availability of genetic testing the market of direct-to-consumer genetic tests has exploded in recent years. There are tests for genetic variants for medical and general health issues, but there are also 'lifestyle' tests, including tests for indicators for sport performance. The human gene map for fitness and performance includes hundreds of genes that play a role in cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, exercise tolerance, body composition and energy metabolism. However, there is currently no evidence that genotyping an individual is superior to traditional physiological tests in predicting athletic performance.
The impact of genetic test results is much higher in certain medical conditions which are associated with significant health risks when performing competitive sport. These are generally rare inherited disorders, mostly resulting in cardiovascular dysfunction. There are major ethical issues as to whether genetic or clinical pre-participation screenings should be applied to the population in order to prevent disease or death during sport. Some of these issues will be addressed in this article.
Segmentectomy as a safe and equally effective surgical option under complete video-assisted thoracic surgery for patients of stage I non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Xiaojing , Qian Liqiang , Luo Qingquan , Huang Jia 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
While video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy has been widely accepted for the treatment of non–small cell lung cancer, the debate over video-assisted thoracic surgery segmentectomy still remains. This study compared the clinical outcomes using the two procedures for stage I non–small cell lung cancer patients.

Methods
Retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery segmentectomy or lobectomy for clinical stage I non–small cell lung cancer at Shanghai Chest Hospital between November 2009 and May 2012. Video-assisted thoracic surgery segmentectomy was performed on 36 patients and video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy on 138 patients. Comparisons between the 2 groups were performed in patient demographic and clinical characteristics, intraoperative parameters and oncology outcomes.

Results
Mean volume of chest tube drainage after operation was smaller for segmentectomy than for lobectomy (1021 ml vs. 1328 ml, P=0.036). Other parameters analysis including blood loss, operation time, chest tube duration and length of hospital stay favors the segmentectomy group numerically without significance. There was no significant difference in distributions in both intra and post operative complications. There was one peri-operative mortality from segmentectomy group and all other patients are alive with a median follow up of 327 days. There were 1 (2.8%) locoregional recurrence after segmentectomy and 6 recurrences (4.4%) after lobectomy (P=1.00). Multivariate survival analysis revealed no significant difference in recurrence-free survivals between the two groups. Two patients successfully underwent bilateral segmentectomies and are free of disease.

Conclusions
For patients with stage I non–small cell lung cancer, video-assisted thoracic surgery segmentectomy offers a safe and equally effective option and can be applied to complicated operation such as bilateral segmentectomy.
Iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis after tibial plateau fracture fixation related to undiagnosed May-Thurner syndrome: a case report
Authors: Foit Niels A , Chen Qing-Min , Cook Blaze , Hammerberg Eric Mark 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
May-Thurner Syndrome (MTS) represents an anatomic variation of the iliac vessels, in which the left common iliac vein is compressed by an overriding iliac artery. Patients with this abnormality are predisposed to the formation of a left-sided iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT). While DVT is a familiar complication in the setting of lower extremity trauma, there are no previous reports of MTS complicating the care of patients requiring orthopaedic surgery.

Case presentation
We present the case of an extensive limb-threatening DVT in a patient with previously undiagnosed MTS, resulting after internal fixation of a left tibial plateau fracture. Four days after surgery, despite standard prophylactic anticoagulation, the patient developed an extensive occlusive DVT, extending from the common iliac vein to the popliteal vein. Successful diagnosis required a CT venogram in addition to standard lower extremity ultrasound exam. Severe lower extremity edema continued to worsen despite formal anticoagulation. Urgent mechanical thrombolysis was undertaken, followed by staged catheter-directed thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) and intraluminal stenting. Following this treatment, the patient was noted to have gradual but dramatic resolution of his lower extremity edema and swelling.

Conclusion
The present case demonstrates the potential danger that may accompany MTS in the setting of lower extremity trauma. When an extensive left lower extremity DVT complicates the care of a patient with extremity trauma, clinicians should have a low threshold to pursue the diagnosis of MTS with advanced imaging studies. Venography remains the gold standard in diagnosis, but CT and MRI venography are less invasive and should allow for accurate diagnosis. In this case, formal anticoagulation proved to be ineffective, and endovascular intervention was required.
Azacitidine in patients with WHO-defined AML – Results of 155 patients from the Austrian Azacitidine Registry of the AGMT-Study Group
Authors: Pleyer Lisa , Stauder Reinhard , Burgstaller Sonja , Schreder Martin , Tinchon Christoph , Pfeilstocker Michael , Steinkirchner Susanne , Melchardt Thomas , Mitrovic Martina , Girschikofsky Michael , Lang Alois , Krippl Peter , Sliwa Thamer , Egle Alexander , Linkesch Werner , Voskova Daniela , Angermann Hubert , Greil Richard 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Objective
The Austrian Azacitidine Registry is a multi-center database (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01595295). The nature and intent of the registry was to gain a comprehensive view of the use, safety and efficacy of the drug in a broad range of AML-patients treated in real-life scenarios.

Patients and methods
The sole inclusion criteria were the diagnosis of WHO-AML and treatment with at least one dose of azacitidine. No formal exclusion criteria existed. A total of 155 AML-patients who were mostly unfit/ineligible for intensive chemotherapy, or had progressed despite conventional treatment, were included. True ITT-analyses and exploratory analyses regarding the potential prognostic value of baseline-variables/performance-/comorbidity-/risk-scores on overall survival (OS), were performed.

Results
In this cohort of 155 pretreated (60%), and/or comorbid (87%), elderly (45% ≥75 years) AML-patients, azacitidine was well tolerated and efficacious, with an overall response rate (CR, mCR, PR, HI) of 45% in the total cohort (ITT) and 65% in patients evaluable according to IWG-criteria, respectively. Pre-treatment with conventional chemotherapy (P = .113), age ≤/>80 years (P = .853), number of comorbidities (P = .476), and bone marrow (BM) blast count (P = .663) did not influence OS. In multivariate analysis hematologic improvement alone (without the requirement of concomitant bone marrow blast reduction), although currently not regarded as a standard form of response assessment in AML, was sufficient to confer OS benefit (18.9 vs. 6.0 months; P = .0015). Further deepening of response after first response was associated with improved OS (24.7 vs. 13.7 months; P < .001).

Conclusions
In this large cohort of AML-patients treated with azacitidine, age >80 years, number of comorbidities and/or BM-blasts >30% did not adversely impact OS.
The role of short-time work schemes during the global financial crisis and early recovery: a cross-country analysis
Authors: Hijzen Alexander , Martin Sebastien 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
There has been a strong interest in short-time work (STW) schemes during the global financial crisis. Using data for 23 OECD countries for the period 2004 Q1 to 2010 Q4, this paper analyses the quantitative effects of STW programmes on labour market outcomes. Special attention is given to the dynamic aspects of the relationship between output shocks and labour market outcomes. The results indicate the STW raises hours flexibility by increasing the output elasticity of working time and helps to preserve jobs in the context of a recession by making employment and unemployment less elastic with respect to output. A key finding is that the timing of STW is crucial. While STW helped preserving a significant number of jobs during the crisis, its continued use during the recovery may have slowed the job-content of the recovery. By the end of 2010, the net effect of STW on employment was negligible or may even have become negative. However, the gross impact of STW on the number of jobs saved per quarter remains large and positive in the majority of countries.

JEL codes

J23; J65; J68
Do high-skill immigrants raise productivity? Evidence from Israeli manufacturing firms, 1990-1999
Authors: Paserman M Daniele 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Abstract
This paper exploits the episode provided by the mass migration from the former Soviet Union to Israel in the 1990s to study the effect high skill immigration on productivity. Using a unique data set on manufacturing firms, I investigate directly whether firms and industries with a higher concentration of immigrants experienced increases in productivity. The analysis finds no correlation between immigrant concentration and productivity at the firm level in cross-sectional and pooled regressions. First-differences estimates reveal, if anything, a negative correlation between the change in output per worker and the change in the immigrant share. The immigrant share was strongly negatively correlated with productivity in low-tech industries. In high-technology industries, the results point to a positive relationship, hinting at complementarities between technology and the skilled immigrant workforce.

JEL codes
J61, F22, D24
Phosphoproteomics data classify hematological cancer cell lines according to tumor type and sensitivity to kinase inhibitors
Authors: Casado Pedro , Alcolea Maria P , Iorio Francesco , Rodríguez-Prados Juan-Carlos , Vanhaesebroeck Bart , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Joel Simon , Cutillas Pedro R 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Background
Tumor classification based on their predicted responses to kinase inhibitors is a major goal for advancing targeted personalized therapies. Here, we used a phosphoproteomic approach to investigate biological heterogeneity across hematological cancer cell lines including acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.

Results
Mass spectrometry was used to quantify 2,000 phosphorylation sites across three acute myeloid leukemia, three lymphoma, and three multiple myeloma cell lines in six biological replicates. The intensities of the phosphorylation sites grouped these cancer cell lines according to their tumor type. In addition, a phosphoproteomic analysis of seven acute myeloid leukemia cell lines revealed a battery of phosphorylation sites whose combined intensities correlated with the growth-inhibitory responses to three kinase inhibitors with remarkable correlation coefficients and fold changes (> 100 between the most resistant and sensitive cells). Modeling based on regression analysis indicated that a subset of phosphorylation sites could be used to predict response to the tested drugs. Quantitative analysis of phosphorylation motifs indicated that resistant and sensitive cells differed in their patterns of kinase activities, but, interestingly, phosphorylations correlating with responses were not on members of the pathway being targeted; instead, these mainly were on parallel kinase pathways.

Conclusion
This study reveals that the information on kinase activation encoded in phosphoproteomics data correlates remarkably well with the phenotypic responses of cancer cells to compounds that target kinase signaling and could be useful for the identification of novel markers of resistance or sensitivity to drugs that target the signaling network.
CRISPR-Cas systems target a diverse collection of invasive mobile genetic elements in human microbiomes
Authors: Zhang Quan , Rho Mina , Tang Haixu , Doak Thomas G , Ye Yuzhen 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Background
Bacteria and archaea develop immunity against invading genomes by incorporating pieces of the invaders' sequences, called spacers, into a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) locus between repeats, forming arrays of repeat-spacer units. When spacers are expressed, they direct CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins to silence complementary invading DNA. In order to characterize the invaders of human microbiomes, we use spacers from CRISPR arrays that we had previously assembled from shotgun metagenomic datasets, and identify contigs that contain these spacers' targets.

Results
We discover 95,000 contigs that are putative invasive mobile genetic elements, some targeted by hundreds of CRISPR spacers. We find that oral sites in healthy human populations have a much greater variety of mobile genetic elements than stool samples. Mobile genetic elements carry genes encoding diverse functions: only 7% of the mobile genetic elements are similar to known phages or plasmids, although a much greater proportion contain phage- or plasmid-related genes. A small number of contigs share similarity with known integrative and conjugative elements, providing the first examples of CRISPR defenses against this class of element. We provide detailed analyses of a few large mobile genetic elements of various types, and a relative abundance analysis of mobile genetic elements and putative hosts, exploring the dynamic activities of mobile genetic elements in human microbiomes. A joint analysis of mobile genetic elements and CRISPRs shows that protospacer-adjacent motifs drive their interaction network; however, some CRISPR-Cas systems target mobile genetic elements lacking motifs.

Conclusions
We identify a large collection of invasive mobile genetic elements in human microbiomes, an important resource for further study of the interaction between the CRISPR-Cas immune system and invaders.
Algebras of acyclic cluster type: Tree type and typeÃ
Authors: Amiot Claire , Oppermann Steffen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we study algebras of global dimension at most 2 whose generalized cluster category is equivalent to the cluster category of an acyclic quiver which is either a tree or of typeÃ.We are particularly interested in their derived equivalence classification. We prove that each algebra which is cluster equivalent to a tree quiver is derived equivalent to the path algebra of this tree. Then we describe explicitly the algebras of cluster typeÃnfor each possible orientation ofÃn.We give an explicit way to read off the derived equivalence class in which such an algebra lies, and we describe the Auslander-Reiten quiver of its derived category. Together, these results in particular provide a complete classification of algebras which are cluster equivalent to tame acyclic quivers.
Association between Natriuretic Peptides and Mortality among Patients Admitted with Myocardial Infarction: A Report from the ACTION Registry®–GWTG™
Authors: Scirica Benjamin M , Kadakia Mitul B , de Lemos James A , Roe Matthew T , Morrow David A , Li Shuang , Wiviott Stephen D , Kontos Michael C 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND
Patients with increased blood concentrations of natriuretic peptides (NPs) have poor cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI). The objectives of this analysis were to evaluate the utilization and the prognostic value of NP in a large, real-world MI cohort.

METHODS
Data from 41 683 patients with non–ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) and 27 860 patients with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) at 309 US hospitals were collected as part of the ACTION Registry®–GWTG™ (Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry–Get with the Guidelines) (AR-G) between July 2008 and September 2009.

RESULTS
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) was measured in 19 528 (47%) of NSTEMI and 9220 (33%) of STEMI patients. Patients in whom NPs were measured were older and had more comorbidities, including prior heart failure or MI. There was a stepwise increase in the risk of in-hospital mortality with increasing BNP quartiles for both NSTEMI (1.3% vs 3.2% vs 5.8% vs 11.1%) and STEMI (1.9% vs 3.9% vs 8.2% vs 17.9%). The addition of BNP to the AR-G clinical model improved the C statistic from 0.796 to 0.807 (P &lt; 0.001) for NSTEMI and from 0.848 to 0.855 (P = 0.003) for STEMI. The relationship between NPs and mortality was similar in patients without a history of heart failure or cardiogenic shock on presentation and in patients with preserved left ventricular function.

CONCLUSIONS
NPs are measured in almost 50% of patients in the US admitted with MI and appear to be used in patients with more comorbidities. Higher NP concentrations were strongly and independently associated with in-hospital mortality in the almost 30 000 patients in whom NPs were assessed, including patients without heart failure.
Women Rule: Preferences and Fertility in Australian Households
Authors: Fan Elliott , Maitra Pushkar 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Using a unique dataset from Australia, we investigate how individual fertility preferences translate into fertility realizations. We find consistent evidence that the wife’s preference is more important than the husband’s preference in predicting subsequent births, no matter whether her initial fertility desire is higher or lower than that of her partner. We also explore the effects of the introduction of the non-means-tested Baby Bonus introduced in 2004 by testing whether the hypothesis that the cash transfers from the scheme increase the bargaining power of the partner with higher fertility desire, thus leading to an increase in fertility for couples with disagreement on fertility plans. Our findings do not support this hypothesis. They also do not suggest any significant fertility-enhancing effect of the scheme.
Relatively very free curves and rational simple connectedness
Authors: DeLand Matt 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Rational connectedness is an algebro-geometric analogue of path connectedness depending crucially on the existence of special rational curves called very free curves. For a family of varieties parametrized by a base space, the relevant curves are relatively very free curves. Rational simple connectedness is an algebro-geometric analogue of simple connectedness that depends analogously on the existence of special families of rational curves called very twisting families. Until now, this has been a mysterious notion, frustrating progress. We clarify this by showing that relatively very free curves give very twisting families. We also introduce a new construction of relatively very free curves by studying a natural integrable foliation on the total space of the family. As a consequence, we prove that a general complete intersection in ℙ
n
is rationally simply connected if and only if it is 2-Fano, i.e., if the first and second graded pieces of the Chern character are positive. This is equivalent to a numerical condition on the type (d
1,...,dc
) of the complete intersection: that d
1
2 + ⋯ + d

c

2 ≤ n. This subsumes all previous results on rational simple connectedness of complete intersections. As a corollary, we prove the most general result concerning the Hassett–Tschinkel weak approximation conjecture for 2-Fano complete intersections. Further, combined with a result of de Jong, He and Starr, we prove that every smooth, 2-Fano complete intersection defined over the function field of a surface has a rational point.