bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical management of early and late ureteral complications after renal transplantation: techniques and outcomes
Authors: Berli Jens U. , Montgomery John R. , Segev Dorry L. , Ratner Lloyd E. , Maley Warren R. , Cooper Matthew , Melancon Joseph K. , Burdick James , Desai Niraj M. , Dagher Nabil N. , Lonze Bonnie E. , Nazarian Susanna M. , Montgomery Robert A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we present our experience with ureteral complications requiring revision surgery after renal transplantation and compare our results to a matched control population.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of our database between 1997 and 2012. We divided the cases into early (<60 d) and late repairs. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare graft survival between the intervention cohort and controls generated from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data set.ResultsOf 2671 kidney transplantations, 51 patients were identified as to having undergone 53 ureteral revision procedures; 43.4% of cases were performed within 60 d of the transplant and were all associated with urinary leaks, and 49% demonstrated ureteral stenosis. Reflux allograft pyelonephritis and ureterolithiasis were each the indication for intervention in 3.8%; 15.1% of the lesions were located at the anastomotic site, 37.7% in the distal segment, 7.5% in the middle segment, 5.7% proximal ureter, and 15.1% had a long segmental stenosis. In 18.9%, the location was not specified. Techniques used included ureterocystostomy (30.2%), ureteroureterostomy (34%), ureteropyelostomy (30.1%), pyeloileostomy (1.9%), and ureteroileostomy (3.8%). No difference in overall graft survival (HR 1.24 95% CI 0.33–4.64, p = 0.7) was detected when compared to the matched control group.ConclusionUsing a variety of techniques designed to re‐establish effective urinary flow, we have been able to salvage a high percentage of these allografts. When performed by an experienced team, a ureteric complication does not significantly impact graft survival or function as compared to a matched control group.
The metastatic cycle: metastatic niches and cancer cell dissemination
Authors: Géraud Cyrill , Koch Philipp S , Damm Friederike , Schledzewski Kai , Goerdt Sergij 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe concept of a unidirectional cascade of metastatic events has been replaced in recent years by the metastatic cycle – the concept of a dynamic feed forward cycle of metastatic niches that evolve upon reciprocal interactions with the primary tumor and disseminating cancer cells. Primary tumors interact with pre‐metastatic sites preparing organ‐specific pre‐metastatic niches. Metastasis‐initiating cells home to and succumb to interactions with developing organ‐specific metastatic niches, and secondary recirculating cancer cells interact back with the primary. Metastatic tropism as well as metastatic disease progression are a result of this feed forward cycle of dynamic, reciprocal interactions of cancer cells with their diverse metastatic niches. A better understanding of the multifaceted contributions of the organ‐specific metastatic niches and their complex changes on cancer cell dissemination and of the mutual effects of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved will open new avenues to better therapies for hitherto intractable progressive disease states of cancer patients and for adjuvant treatment options preventing relapses in tumor‐free patients.
Using phylogenetic diversity to identify ancient rain forest refugia and diversification zones in a biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Costion Craig M. , Edwards Will , Ford Andrew J. , Metcalfe Daniel J. , Cross Hugh B. , Harrington Mark G. , Richardson James E. , Hilbert David W. , Lowe Andrew J. , Crayn Darren M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe plight of the world's biodiversity hotspots has been paralleled by a debate over how to best prioritize or maximize gain of biodiversity for conservation. Approaches to date have focused on quantifying species, habitat, phylogenetic or other types of diversity. The importance of preserving evolutionary distinctiveness or phylogenetic diversity (PD) has gained popularity due to its ability to identify evolutionary patterns in the landscape that traditional taxon richness measures cannot. Here, we expand upon the application ofPDas a biodiversity index and incorporate data on historical biogeography to understand the processes that shaped the assembly of a tropical flora.LocationTropical north‐east Queensland, Australia.MethodsWe generated a genus‐level molecular phylogeny for the bioregion to calculatePD. We then integrated data on historical biogeography into a model to explain the distribution ofPDand thePDresiduals and further tested for a correlation between rain forest stability through time and community assembly.ResultsWe identified a strong correlation betweenPDresiduals and the biogeographic origin of the lineages in the extant flora. Areas with higherPDthan expected based on generic richness (GR) contain a higher proportion of immigrant plant lineages dispersed into northern Australia mostly from Southeast Asia within the past few million years. Areas with lowerPDthan predicted by genus richness are rich in ancient Australian relict lineages and are correlated with previously identified rain forest refugia that have remained stable throughout the last glacial cycle.Main conclusionsMaximizingPDwithout historical interpretation may yield unintended or undesirable conservation outcomes such as deprioritizing ancient refugia with lowerPDvalues. By understanding the biome assembly of a region, better‐informed decisions can be made to ensure different stages of a region's evolutionary history are preserved.
Prognostic superiority of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index over pretreatment whole‐body volumetric–metabolic FDG‐PET/CT metrics in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Adams Hugo J.A. , de Klerk John M.H. , Fijnheer Rob , Heggelman Ben G.F. , Dubois Stefan V. , Nievelstein Rutger A.J. , Kwee Thomas C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to determine the prognostic value of whole‐body maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), whole‐body metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and whole‐body total lesion glycolysis (TLG) at pretreatment 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT) in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Materials and MethodsSeventy‐three patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL who had undergone FDG‐PET/CT before rituximab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin, and prednisolone (R‐CHOP) immunochemotherapy were retrospectively included. All FDG‐avid lesions in each patient were segmented using semi‐automated software to calculate whole‐body SUVmax, whole‐body MTV, and whole‐body TLG values. Cox regression analyses were used to determine the associations of whole‐body SUVmax, whole‐body MTV, whole‐body TLG, and dichotomized National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN‐IPI) risk group (low risk vs. high risk) with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsOn univariate Cox regression analysis, only the NCCN‐IPI was a significant predictor of PFS (P = 0.024), and only the NCCN‐IPI and whole‐body MTV were significant predictors of OS (P = 0.039 and P = 0.043, respectively). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, only the NCCN‐IPI remained an independent predictive factor of PFS (P = 0.024) and OS (P = 0.039).ConclusionWhole‐body SUVmax, whole‐body MTV, and whole‐body TLG do not provide any prognostic information in DLBCL beyond that which can already be obtained by the NCCN‐IPI. Therefore, the NCCN‐IPI remains the most important prognostic tool in this disease.
The diagnostic test accuracy of a screening questionnaire and algorithm in the identification of adults with epilepsy
Authors: Keezer Mark R. , Pelletier Amélie , Stechysin Barbara , Veilleux Martin , Jetté Nathalie , Wolfson Christina 
Published: October 2014

SummaryObjectiveAccurate estimates of the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy allow us to better assess its societal impact. Prevalence and incidence studies often use unvalidated screening tools resulting in estimates of uncertain accuracy. We present the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging—Epilepsy Algorithm (CLSA‐EA) as well as the results of our validation study designed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of this epilepsy ascertainment algorithm.MethodsWe administered English or French‐language versions of the CLSA‐EA questionnaire to a consecutive sample of participants from a population‐based cohort of 50,000 individuals aged between 45 and 85 years at baseline, as well as a consecutive sample of individuals from an epilepsy‐enriched general neurology clinic. Every participant was also assessed by a study neurologist who, blinded to the results of the CLSA‐EA, determined whether the person had epilepsy or not.ResultsWe recruited 242 consecutive participants, 34 of whom were diagnosed with epilepsy by a study neurologist. The sensitivity and specificity of the CLSA‐EA for a lifetime history of epilepsy were 97.1% and 98.1%, and for active epilepsy were 100% and 98.6%, when we defined a positive screening test result as a positive response to the antiepileptic drug question and either the single self‐report diagnosis or any of the symptom‐based questions.SignificanceThe CLSA‐EA was found to have a high sensitivity and specificity for the identification of adults with a lifetime history of epilepsy and active epilepsy. Although validation in other settings and age groups is required, the future application of this algorithm to population‐based studies such as the CLSA should help to ensure more accurate estimates of the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in the general population when a physician assessment is impossible.
Vigabatrin pediatric dosing information for refractory complex partial seizures: Results from a population dose–response analysis
Authors: Nielsen Jace C. , Tolbert Dwain , Patel Mahlaqa , Kowalski Kenneth G. , Wesche David L. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryWe predicted vigabatrin dosages for adjunctive therapy for pediatric patients with refractory complex partial seizures (rCPS) that would produce efficacy comparable to that observed for approved adult dosages. A dose–response model related seizure‐count data to vigabatrin dosage to identify dosages for pediatric rCPS patients. Seizure‐count data were obtained from three pediatric and two adult rCPS clinical trials. Dosages were predicted for oral solution and tablet formulations. Predicted oral solution dosages to achieve efficacy comparable to that of a 1 g/day adult dosage were 350 and 450 mg/day for patients with body weight ranges 10–15 and >15–20 kg, respectively. Predicted oral solution dosages for efficacy comparable to a 3 g/day adult dosage were 1,050 and 1,300 mg/day for weight ranges 10–15 and >15–20 kg, respectively. Predicted tablet dosage for efficacy comparable to a 1 g/day adult dosage was 500 mg/day for weight ranges 25–60 kg. Predicted tablet dosage for efficacy comparable to a 3 g/day adult dosage was 2,000 mg for weight ranges 25–60 kg. Vigabatrin dosages were identified for pediatric rCPS patients with body weights ≥10 kg.
Differential effects of temperature change and human impact on European Late Quaternary mammalian extinctions
Authors: Varela Sara , Lima‐Ribeiro Matheus Souza , Diniz‐Filho JosÉ Alexandre Felizola , Storch David 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSpecies that inhabited Europe during the Late Quaternary were impacted by temperature changes and early humans, resulting in the disappearance of half of the European large mammals. However, quantifying the relative importance that each factor had in the extinction risk of species has been challenging, mostly due to the spatio‐temporal biases of fossil records, which complicate the calibration of realistic and accurate ecological niche modeling. Here, we overcome this problem by using ecotypes, and not real species, to run our models. We created 40 ecotypes with different temperature requirements (mean temperature from −20 °C to 25 °C and temperature range from 10 °C to 40 °C) and used them to quantify the effect of climate change and human impact. Our results show that cold‐adapted ecotypes would have been highly affected by past temperature changes in Europe, whereas temperate and warm‐adapted ecotypes would have been positively affected by temperature change. Human impact affected all ecotypes negatively, and temperate ecotypes suffered the greatest impacts. Based on these results, the extinction of cold‐adapted species like Mammuthus primigenius may be related to temperature change, while the extinction of temperate species, like Crocuta crocuta, may be related to human impact. Our results suggest that temperature change and human impact affected different ecotypes in distinct ways, and that the interaction of both impacts may have shaped species extinctions in Europe.
Sodium citrate blood contamination by K2‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA): impact on routine coagulation testing
Authors: Lima‐Oliveira G. , Salvagno G. L. , Danese E. , Favaloro E. J. , Guidi G. C. , Lippi G. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIntroductionThe potential cross‐contamination of additives between primary blood tubes is a well‐known problem during sample collection. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of citrated blood contamination with different amounts of dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic (K2EDTA blood) on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and fibrinogen.MethodsBlood was collected from 15 ostensibly healthy volunteers into four 0.109 m citrate blood tubes followed by one K2EDTA blood tube. The citrate tubes of each subject were pooled and divided in five aliquots. The whole blood of the K2EDTA tube was then added in scalar amounts to autologous citrated blood aliquots, to obtain K2EDTA contamination ranging from 0% to 43%, and thus mimic potential pre‐analytical contamination.ResultsA statistically and clinically significant prolongation was observed for both APTT and PT between 29% and 43% K2EDTA contamination, whereas the decrease of fibrinogen values became statistically and clinically significant at 43% K2EDTA contamination.ConclusionThe results of this investigation show that contamination of citrated blood with as much as 29% of K2EDTA blood generates a significant bias in results of routine clotting assays. This has serious implications for patient safety and management.
Particle radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Shioyama Yoshiyuki , Tsuji Hiroshi , Suefuji Hiroaki , Sinoto Makoto , Matsunobu Akira , Toyama Shingo , Nakamura Katsumasa , Kudo Sho 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRecent advances in external beam radiotherapy have allowed us to deliver higher doses to the tumors while decreasing doses to the surrounding tissues. Dose escalation using high‐precision radiotherapy has improved the treatment outcomes of prostate cancer. Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy has been widely used throughout the world as the most advanced form of photon radiotherapy. In contrast, particle radiotherapy has also been under development, and has been used as an effective and non‐invasive radiation modality for prostate and other cancers. Among the particles used in such treatments, protons and carbon ions have the physical advantage that the dose can be focused on the tumor with only minimal exposure of the surrounding normal tissues. Furthermore, carbon ions also have radiobiological advantages that include higher killing effects on intrinsic radio‐resistant tumors, hypoxic tumor cells and tumor cells in the G0 or S phase. However, the degree of clinical benefit derived from these theoretical advantages in the treatment of prostate cancer has not been adequately determined. The present article reviews the available literature on the use of particle radiotherapy for prostate cancer as well as the literature on the physical and radiobiological properties of this treatment, and discusses the role and the relative merits of particle radiotherapy compared with current photon‐based radiotherapy, with a focus on proton beam therapy and carbon ion radiotherapy.
Choosing and remaining in mental health nursing: Perceptions of Western Australian nurses
Authors: Harrison Carole A. , Hauck Yvonne , Hoffman Rosemary 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMental health nursing has an ageing workforce with a critical shortage of nurses in Western Australia. Additionally, mental health is not the preferred career for many graduate nurses. Current challenges with recruitment and retention suggest that strategies are needed to address this issue. This research project adopted a novel approach that focused on exploring the positive aspects of why mental health nurses remain, rather than why they leave. A cross‐sectional design was employed comprising a brief interview survey, and nurses working within one public mental health service in Western Australia were invited to participate. A total of 192 nurses participated across 5 months, from adult, older adult, forensic, and education/research programmes. Thematic analysis was conducted from five key questions, and responses from questions one and two are discussed in this paper: ‘Why did you choose mental health nursing?’ and ‘Why do you remain in mental health nursing?’. The main themes extracted in response to choosing mental health nursing were wanting to make a difference, mental health captured my interest, encouraged by others, and opportunities. Subsequent themes extracted from responses to remaining in mental health nursing were facing reality, passion for mental health nursing, patient‐centred caring, and workplace conditions. Findings will be utilized to inform strategies for recruitment and retention of graduate nurses; further development of support systems, such as preceptorship training and improving student clinical experiences; as well as improving professional development opportunities for existing mental health nurses.
Evaluation of Video‐Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Treatment of Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Pulmonary Bullae in Dogs
Authors: Case J. Brad , Mayhew Philipp D. , Singh Ameet 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo describe the operative findings and clinical outcome in dogs undergoing video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax and pulmonary bullae.Study DesignMulti‐institutional retrospective case series.AnimalsDogs (n = 12) with spontaneous pneumothorax and/or pulmonary bullae.MethodsMedical records (2008–2013) were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, surgical and histopathologic findings, and outcome in 12 dogs that had VATS for treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax and pulmonary bullae. In particular, conversion to median sternotomy and surgical success were evaluated.ResultsTwelve dogs had initial VATS for spontaneous pneumothorax and/or pulmonary bullae. Conversion to median sternotomy because of inability to identify a parenchymal lesion/leak was necessary in 7 (58%) dogs. VATS without conversion to median sternotomy was performed in 6 (50%) dogs. Successful surgical outcomes occurred in 5 (83%) dogs that had conversion to median sternotomy, and in 3 (50%) dogs that had VATS without conversion to median sternotomy.ConclusionsExploratory thoracoscopy was associated with a high rate of conversion to median sternotomy because of inability to identify leaking pulmonary lesions in dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax and pulmonary bullae. Failure to convert to a median sternotomy may be associated with recurrent or persistent pneumothorax.
Comparison of Platelet Counting Technologies in Equine Platelet Concentrates
Authors: O'Shea Caitlin M. , Werre Stephen R. , Dahlgren Linda A. 
Published: October 2014

Objective(1) To compare the performance of 4 platelet counting technologies in equine platelet concentrates and (2) to evaluate the ability of the Magellan platelet rich plasma (PRP) system to concentrate equine platelets.Study DesignExperimental study to assess method agreement.AnimalsAdult mixed breed horses (n = 32).MethodsAcid citrate dextrose‐A anti‐coagulated whole blood was collected and PRP produced using the Magellan system according to the manufacturer's instructions. Platelets were quantified using 4 counting methods: optical scatter (Advia 2120), impedance (CellDyn 3700), hand counting, and fluorescent antibody flow cytometry. Platelet concentrations were compared using Passing and Bablok regression analyses and mixed model ANOVA. Significance was set at P < .05.ResultsPlatelet concentrations measured in identical PRP samples were consistently higher for the Advia 2120 than the CellDyn 3700. Systematic and proportional biases were observed between these 2 automated methods when analyzed by regression analysis of the larger sample size. No bias (systematic or proportional) was observed among any of the other counting methods. Despite the bias detected between the 2 automated systems, there were no significant differences on average among the 4 counting methods evaluated, based on the ANOVA. The Magellan system consistently generated high platelet concentrations as well as higher than expected WBC concentrations.ConclusionsThe Magellan system delivered desirably high platelet concentrations; however, WBC concentrations may be unacceptably high for some orthopedic applications. All 4 platelet counting methods tested were equivalent on average and therefore suitable for quantifying platelets in equine PRP used for clinical applications.
Additive‐Free Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanorods with Reaction Temperature‐Tunable Aspect Ratios
Authors: Gernhart Zane C. , Marin Chris M. , Burke John J. , Sonnenfeld Kate O. , Cheung Chin Li 
Published: October 2014

The ability to control the morphology of fluorite‐structured cerium oxide nanomaterials is an important step in the design of cerium oxide‐based catalysts. Herein, we report an additive‐free synthesis of cerium oxide nanorods with highly tunable aspect ratios from ~6:1 to 40:1. The use of a microwave hydrothermal method allows for both rapid synthesis and temperature control. The ability to control the length of the nanorods from <51 nm to >1.7 μm by varying only the reaction temperature was demonstrated over a temperature range of 80°C to 200°C. The formation of the resulting nanorods was investigated using selected‐area electron‐diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The surface area of nanorod products was found to decrease from 117 to 22 m2/g as the reaction temperature increased from 80°C to 200°C, complementing the general trend of the increasing aspect ratios of these products.