bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Nachrechnung, Restnutzungsdauerberechnung und Ertüchtigungsuntersuchung der Eisenbahnhochbrücke über den Nord‐Ostsee‐Kanal in Rendsburg
Authors: Graße W. , Schmachtenberg R. , Geißler K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFür die ca. 90 Jahre alte Eisenbahnhochbrücke Rendsburg wurden eine durchgängige statische Nachrechnung, Restnutzungsdauerermittlung sowie Ertüchtigungsuntersuchung durchgeführt. Der folgende Beitrag beschreibt die einzelnen Bauwerke mit den jeweiligen Besonderheiten in bezug auf die realitätsnahe Modellierung der Systeme. Aufgrund der Bedeutsamkeit des Bauwerkes als Nadelöhr für den Skandinavienverkehr wurde die Anwendung zusätzlicher Methoden wie z.B. von Messungen zur besseren Erfassung des Systemtragverhaltens praktiziert. Abschließend werden Verstärkungsmaßnahmen diskutiert, deren Erarbeitung die Grundlage für die Kostenberechnungen zur Ertüchtigung der Hochbrücke für verschiedene mögliche Streckenklassen bildet.
The 2010–2012 drought in England and Wales
Authors: Kendon Mike , Marsh Terry , Parry Simon 
Published: March 2013

The inherent variability of the UK’s climate achieved an extreme expression in 2012 when one of the most significant prolonged droughts for a century was dramatically terminated by the wettest April to July over England and Wales in almost 250 years. Through late spring and summer, runoff and aquifer recharge rates increased steeply and there were numerous instances of flooding, underlining a hydrological transformation with no close modern parallel at this time of year.This paper reviews the development, severity and impacts of the 2010–2012 drought. It is intended that a companion paper will examine the exceptionally wet conditions which began in April 2012 and resulted in runoff and aquifer recharge patterns very rarely experienced during the summer half‐year.
Influence of chronic exercise on serum cortisol levels in older adults
Authors: Corazza Danilla Icassatti , Sebastião Émerson , Pedroso Renata Valle , Andreatto Carla Andreza Almeida , de Melo Coelho Flavia Gomes , Gobbi Sebastião , Teodorov Elizabeth , Santos-Galduróz Ruth Ferreira 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The circulating level of cortisol is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through a neuroendocrine feedback circuit. This circuit can be activated by physiological stimuli such as stress, diseases, and exercise. High levels of serum cortisol hormone normally occur as a byproduct of aging, and can cause several types of damage to the organism and exacerbate immunosenescence. There is a great deal of variability in the cortisol response with regard to type, intensity, volume, and frequency of exercise. However, these relationships have been extensively studied with respect to the acute effects of exercise. Despite the well-known effects of acute exercise on cortisol response, it is unclear how it is affected by chronic exercise and the aging process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a review of studies that attempt to analyze the influence of chronic exercise on serum cortisol hormone in older people. In order to accomplish this goal, a review from 1970 to June 2012 period was performed using the following databases: Biological Abstracts, PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline, and the Web of Science. Eight articles met the criteria used in this study. Based on the included articles, chronic exercise may influence the serum levels of cortisol levels in older people. Despite this evidence, these results may not be generalized to the entire population of older people, given the few number of studies and especially because the studies showed diversity in variables and methodologies.
Priority Patient Safety Issues Identified by Perioperative Nurses
Authors: Steelman Victoria M. , Graling Paula R. , Perkhounkova Yelena 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMuch of the work done by perioperative nurses focuses on patient safety. Perioperative nurses are aware that unreported near misses occur every day, and they use that knowledge to prioritize activities to protect the patient. The purpose of this study was to identify the highest priority patient safety issues reported by perioperative RNs. We sent a link to an anonymous electronic survey to all AORN members who had e‐mail addresses in AORN's member database. The survey asked respondents to identify top perioperative patient safety issues. We received 3,137 usable responses and identified the 10 highest priority safety issues, including wrong site/procedure/patient surgery, retained surgical items, medication errors, failures in instrument reprocessing, pressure injuries, specimen management errors, surgical fires, perioperative hypothermia, burns from energy devices, and difficult intubation/airway emergencies. Differences were found among practice settings. The information from this study can be used to inform the development of educational programs and the allocation of resources to enhance safe perioperative patient care.
Clinical Issues—April 2013
Authors: Ogg Mary J. , Wood Amber 
Published: March 2013

This MonthEye examinations for health care personnel using lasersKey words: lasers, eye examinations, laser eye injuries.The difference between a laser safety specialist and a laser safety site contactKey words: laser, laser safety specialist, laser safety site contact, laser safety officer.Isolation precautions during care of a patient with a herpes simplex virus infection of the eyeKey words: herpes simplex virus (HSV), herpes, eye infection, ocular infection, contact isolation precautions, standard precautions, personal protective equipment.Environmental cleaning of blood spills on the floor of the ORKey words: OR cleaning, environmental cleaning, blood spills.
A Quality Improvement Project for–Safe and Effective Patient Positioning During Robot‐Assisted Surgery
Authors: Sutton Shauna , Link Terri , Makic Mary Beth Flynn 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDuring the initiation of a new robotic surgery program, a quality improvement team explored different techniques for positioning patients in the lithotomy and steep Trendelenburg position during robot‐assisted procedures. Concerns associated with placing patients in the steep Trendelenburg position include the patient slipping toward the head of the bed and experiencing hemodynamic changes that may result in a rise in blood pressure, increased intraocular and intracranial pressures, and difficulty with ventilation, particularly in patients with a high body mass index. Skin integrity is also of concern because perioperative personnel are responsible for protecting the patient's skin from excessive sheer, friction, and injury. The quality improvement team evaluated and compared two positioning devices: an air‐inflated positioning device and high‐density foam padding. Both methods allowed personnel to position the patient without compromise; the surgeons performing the robot‐assisted procedures preferred the high‐density foam padding.
Proper Use of Surgical N95 Respirators and Surgical Masks in the OR
Authors: Benson Stacey M. , Novak Debra A. , Ogg Mary J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractProper adherence to infection control precautions, including appropriate selection and use of personal protective equipment (PPE), is of significant importance to the health and well‐being of perioperative personnel. Surgical masks are intended for use as a barrier to protect the wearer's face from large droplets and splashes of blood and other body fluids; however, surgical and high‐filtration surgical laser masks do not provide enough protection to be considered respiratory PPE. Potential exposure to airborne contaminants and infectious agents, including those present in surgical smoke, necessitates the use of respiratory PPE, such as a surgical N95 particulate filtering facepiece respirator. Filtering facepiece respirators greatly reduce a wide size range of particles from entering the wearer's breathing zone and are designed to protect the user from both droplet and airborne particles. Every health care worker who must use a respirator to control hazardous exposures in the workplace must be trained to properly use the respirator and pass a fit test before using it in the workplace.
What's New in the Transplant OR?
Authors: Paramesh Anil S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAdvancements in transplantation offer promising treatment options for a variety of diseases. Organ donation, an essential part of organ transplantation, may be performed at hospitals even if the facility is not a transplant center; therefore, perioperative nurses should be aware of developments in transplantation and the implications for patient care at their facilities. Considerations for organ transplant protocols include the type of documentation required, the elements of the transplant OR time out, and the use of intraoperative anti‐rejection medications. Considerations for organ donation protocols include issues specific to a deceased donor, a living donor, or a donation after cardiac death. Newer developments in the transplant OR include laparoscopic kidney donation and transplantation, kidney paired donation transplantation, other living donor procedures, and transplantation procedures using robotic technology.
Instituting Code Blue Drills in the–OR
Authors: Lanfranchi Joy A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA code blue in the OR is a low‐volume, high‐risk event. To be effective during a code blue event, perioperative personnel must be able to properly execute a response plan and perform seldom‐used skills and procedures. I developed and implemented a code blue drill educational experience for OR staff members that included a review of code blue policy, how to use a defibrillator, and simulated code blue scenarios. In addition, I worked with educational facilitators to provide an assessment of the personnel who performed the simulated code blue drills to identify key learning opportunities, such as gaps in communication, poor performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ineffective delegation skills, and lack of assertiveness. One month after the educational experience, all team members passed an observed competency for responding to a code blue in a simulation laboratory. These results show the effectiveness of the educational experience as part of the code blue drills program in the hospital's main OR.
Using Simulation Training to Improve Perioperative Patient Safety
Authors: Mullen Linda , Byrd Debra 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSimulation learning provides medical and nursing personnel with the opportunity to develop and refine their skills without putting patients at risk. Faced with ensuring the competence of a large number of new staff members, the management team at one facility implemented a simulation training program. Surgical team members are able to participate in an ongoing program of simulated scenarios involving surgical drape fires and airway fires, cardiac arrest of patients in the supine position and prone position, respiratory depression in the postanesthesia care unit, and malignant hyperthermia. The simulations help OR staff members identify problems that can happen during real emergencies and help them work as a team to prepare for events that may represent life‐threatening situations for patients.
Evolutionary psychology is not the only productive evolutionary approach to understanding consumer behavior
Authors: Downes Stephen M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractI respond to Vladas Griskevicius and Douglas T. Kendrick (G&K) and Gad Saad's (S) defenses of the view that Consumer Studies would benefit from the appeal to evolution in all work aimed at understanding consumer behavior. I argue that G&K and S's reliance on one theoretical perspective, that of evolutionary psychology, limits their options. Further, I point out some specific problems with the theoretical perspective of evolutionary psychology. Finally, I introduce some alternative evolutionary approaches to studying human behavior that could profitably be adopted in consumer research.
Paranoia and post-traumatic stress disorder in the months after a physical assault: a longitudinal study examining shared and differential predictors
Authors: Freeman D. , Thompson C. , Vorontsova N. , Dunn G. , Carter L.-A. , Garety P. , Kuipers E. , Slater M. , Antley A. , Glucksman E. , Ehlers A. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundBeing physically assaulted is known to increase the risk of the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms but it may also skew judgements about the intentions of other people. The objectives of the study were to assess paranoia and PTSD after an assault and to test whether theory-derived cognitive factors predicted the persistence of these problems.MethodAt 4 weeks after hospital attendance due to an assault, 106 people were assessed on multiple symptom measures (including virtual reality) and cognitive factors from models of paranoia and PTSD. The symptom measures were repeated 3 and 6 months later.ResultsFactor analysis indicated that paranoia and PTSD were distinct experiences, though positively correlated. At 4 weeks, 33% of participants met diagnostic criteria for PTSD, falling to 16% at follow-up. Of the group at the first assessment, 80% reported that since the assault they were excessively fearful of other people, which over time fell to 66%. Almost all the cognitive factors (including information-processing style during the trauma, mental defeat, qualities of unwanted memories, self-blame, negative thoughts about self, worry, safety behaviours, anomalous internal experiences and cognitive inflexibility) predicted later paranoia and PTSD, but there was little evidence of differential prediction.ConclusionsParanoia after an assault may be common and distinguishable from PTSD but predicted by a strikingly similar range of factors.
Spinoza, Carr, and the ethics ofThe Twenty Years' Crisis
Authors: MOLLOY SEÁN 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article reads Carr through the lens of Spinoza's ethics, and Spinoza through the prism of Carr's IR Theory. The argument of the piece is that there are significant parallels in the ethical projects of both writers, which upon further examination reveal important aspects of global political life and the nature and limits of ethics in International Relations. The close, critical examination of Spinoza ad Carr undertaken in this article also sheds light on the most controversial aspect of Carr's career, his advocacy of appeasement in Nazi Germany.
A role for polyglucans in a model sea urchin embryo cellular interaction
Authors: Singh Suprita , Karabidian Eddie , Kandel Alexander , Metzenberg Stan , Carroll Edward J. , Oppenheimer Steven B. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe enzymatic activities of commercially prepared glycosidases were verified by direct chemical assays using defined substrates and fixed and live sea urchin (Lytechinus pictus) embryos to determine if a model cellular interaction of interest to developmental biologists for over a century (interaction of archenteron tip and roof of the blastocoel) was mediated by glycans. Glycosidases (active and denatured) were incubated with microdissected archenterons and blastocoel roofs in a direct assay to learn if their enzymatic activities could prevent the normal adhesive interaction. Of the five glycosidases tested only β-amylase (an exoglycosidase) immediately inhibited the interaction at relatively low unit activity. α-Amylase (an endoglycosidase) had no measurable effect, while other glycosidases (α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase) only substantially inhibited adhesion after a 12-h incubation. We demonstrated that the five glycosidases were active (not inhibited) in the presence of embryo materials, and that cleaved sugars could be detected directly after incubation of some enzymes with the embryos. The biochemical purity of the enzymes was examined using gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, and the absence of contaminating proteases was confirmed using Azocoll™ substrate. As we cannot entirely rule out the presence of minor contaminating enzymatic activities, only inhibitions of adhesion after very short incubations with enzyme were considered significant and biologically relevant. Although glycans in indirect experiments have been implicated in mediating the interaction of the tip of the archenteron and roof of the blastocoel, to our knowledge, this is the first study that directly implicates polyglucans with terminal 1,4-linked glucose residues in this adhesive event.
A Consensus Process on the Use of Exercises and After Action Reports to Assess and Improve Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response
Authors: Savoia Elena , Preston Jessica , Biddinger Paul D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of disaster preparedness is to ensure that appropriate systems, procedures, and resources are in place to provide prompt, effective assistance to disaster victims, thus facilitating relief measures and rehabilitation of services. Disaster preparedness efforts include the identification of possible health scenarios based on the probability of hazards and vulnerability of the population as a basis for creating a disaster plan. Exercises that simulate emergency response, involving the health and other sectors, have been suggested as useful tools to test the plans on a regular basis and measure preparedness efforts; the absence of actual testing is likely to negate even the best of abstract plans.ProblemExercises and after action reports (AARs) are used to document preparedness activities. However, to date, limited analysis has been performed on what makes an exercise an effective tool to assess public health emergency preparedness (PHEP), and how AARs can be developed and used to support PHEP improvement efforts. The scope of this project was to achieve consensus on: (1) what makes an exercise an effective tool to assess PHEP; and (2) what makes an AAR an effective tool to guide PHEP improvement efforts.MethodsSixty-one PHEP experts were convened by the use of Nominal Group Techniques to achieve consensus on a series of characteristics that exercises should have when designed to assess PHEP and on the recommendations for developing high-quality AARs.ResultsThe panelists achieved consensus on a list of recommendations to improve the use of exercises and AARs in PHEP improvement efforts. Such recommendations ranged from the characteristics of the exercise audience to the evaluation methodology being used and the characteristics of the produced AAR such as its structure and content.ConclusionsThe characteristics of the exercise audience, scenario and scope are among the most important attributes to the effectiveness of an exercise conducted for PHEP evaluation purposes. The evaluation instruments used to gather observations need an appropriate matching between exercise objectives and the response capabilities tested during the exercise, to build the base for the production of a good AAR. Improvements in the design and creation of exercises and AARs could facilitate better reporting and measurement of preparedness outcomes.SavoiaE, PrestonJ, BiddingerPD. A consensus process on the use of exercises and after action reports to assess and improve public health emergency preparedness and response. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(3):1-4.
Teaching Redistricting: Letting the People Draw the Lines for the People's House
Authors: Boatright Robert G. , Giner Nicholas M. , Gomes James R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe 2012 congressional redistricting was the first for which census data and mapmaking software were available to and easily useable by undergraduate students. We discuss our experience teaching the redistricting process to undergraduates and having our students draw constitutionally and statutorily valid congressional districts for Massachusetts. Bringing students into the process is a valuable teaching tool, and it also provides unbiased redistricting scenarios to state legislators and makes the redistricting process more open and transparent. Perhaps contrary to the fears of some legislators, our students placed substantial value on incumbency and the preservation of existing district lines, along with a respect for the traditional redistricting concerns of communities of interest and compactness.
Spaces of Resistance: the Adorno–Nono Complex
Authors: PHILLIPS WESLEY 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe historical and theoretical resonances between the work of Theodor Adorno and that of Luigi Nono have hitherto remained underexplored. In this article a debate is constructed between the two figures concerning the politics of space in advanced music in order to question a frequently held opposition between ‘autonomous’ and ‘political’ art. Nono can be seen to interweave German and Italian traditions of historical materialism, responding simultaneously to the issues of both reification and imperialism. This is drawn out by way of Adorno's evolving attitude towards the younger generation at Darmstadt, via his revised understanding of the relationship between music and painting. Conversely the solidarity Nono maintained with contemporary spaces of resistance while not compromising his musical language promises to expand Adorno's aesthetic theory.
Ernst Krenek's ‘Problem of Freedom’ inJonny spielt auf
Authors: NIELSEN NANETTE 
Published: March 2013

AbstractErnst Krenek's operaJonny spielt auf(1927) was, according to the composer, concerned with ‘the problem of freedom’. But in what ways did it grapple with this problem? This article offers a new interpretation of Krenek's opera in light of the composer's views on freedom, developments in contemporary criticism, and the wider context of German Idealism. By focusing on constructions of subjectivity inJonny, I argue that, much as Krenek lamented the fact that the opera's fundamental message had not been taken seriously enough in the work's reception, he himself had presented this theme of individual freedom ambiguously in musical terms. As a work that mediated between ethics and aesthetics, consistently adhering to an irreconcilable dialectic between the individual and the community,Jonny spielt aufcontributed in important ways to the discourse that would stir so many Weimar intellectuals over the next few years to warn against the power of mass culture.