bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining angioinvasion and lymphatic invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma: morphological criteria, utility of D2‐40/CD31/ERG immunohistochemistry and correlation with clinicopathological characteristics
Authors: Xu Bin , Roy Dibisha , Serrette Rene , Ghossein Ronald 
Published: July 2024

AimsWhile CAP and ICCR protocols mandate the separation of angioinvasion (AI) and lymphatic invasion (LI) in thyroid carcinoma, distinction between them can be difficult. Because the presence of AI is used to stratify patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), there is a need to accurately diagnose AI and LI.Methods and resultsAI and LI were evaluated in 162 cases of PTC (n = 155) and high‐grade differentiated thyroid carcinoma, papillary phenotype (HGDTCp, n = seven) using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), D2‐40 and CD31/ERG. In encapsulated carcinomas, vascular invasion (VI) was only of AI nature. Infiltrative carcinomas showed LI (46 of 131, 35%) and AI (19 of 131, 16%). The frequency of nodal metastasis (NM) and large volume of NM was 93 and 85%, respectively, in tumours with LI, and 39 and 26%, respectively, in those without LI. Luminal red blood cells and smooth muscle in the wall of large‐calibre vessels were not reliable criteria to exclude LI and were seen in 23 and 6% of LI, respectively. LI was an independent predictor for NM, whereas AI is an independent predictor for distant metastasis at presentation in PTC/HGDTCp.ConclusionVI in encapsulated carcinomas, including follicular variant PTC, is only of AI nature, confirming the position of this variant as a close entity to follicular carcinoma rather than classic PTC, whereas infiltrative PTC/HGDTCp may have LI or, less frequently, AI. As no morphological features reliably distinguish LI from AI, D2‐40 and CD31/ERG immunostains should be considered for separating AI from LI when dealing with vascular invasion in an infiltrative PTC.
Not too shy to point! Exploring the relationship between shyness and pointing in the second year
Authors: Colonnesi Cristina , Salvadori Eliala A. , Oort Frans J. , Messinger Daniel S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInfants' use of pointing gestures to direct and share attention develops during the first 2 years of life. Shyness, defined as an approach‐avoidance motivational conflict during social interactions, may influence infants’ use of pointing. Recent research distinguished between positive (gaze and/or head aversions while smiling) and non‐positive (gaze and/or head aversions without smiling) shyness, which are related to different social and cognitive skills. We investigated whether positive and non‐positive shyness in 12‐month‐old (n = 38; 15 girls) and 15‐month‐old (n = 45; 15 girls) infants were associated with their production of pointing gestures. Infants' expressions of shyness were observed during a social‐exposure task in which the infant entered the laboratory room in their parent's arms and was welcomed by an unfamiliar person who provided attention and compliments. Infants' pointing was measured with a pointing task involving three stimuli: pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral. Positive shyness was positively associated with overall pointing at 15 months, especially in combination with high levels of non‐positive shyness. In addition, infants who displayed more non‐positive shyness pointed more frequently to direct the attention of the social partner to an unpleasant (vs. neutral) stimulus at both ages. Results indicate that shyness influences the early use of pointing to emotionally charged stimuli.
‘Safer, Not Safe’: Service Users' Experiences of Psychological Safety in Inpatient Mental Health Wards in the United Kingdom
Authors: Vogt Katharina Sophie , Baker John , Kendal Sarah , Griffin Bethany Leigh , Mizen Emily , Sharp Hannah , Johnson Judith 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTResearch on patient safety in mental health settings is limited compared to physical healthcare settings. Recent qualitative studies have highlighted that patient safety is more than just physical safety but includes psychological safety. Traditionally, psychological safety has been defined as the belief that it is safe to take interpersonal risks, such as speaking up, without a fear of negative consequences. However, to date, it is not clear what constitutes psychological safety for service users of inpatient mental health settings. To understand this, we conducted 12 interviews with former inpatient mental health service users. Interviews were analysed with Reflexive Thematic Analysis, and five themes were developed. All themes had subthemes. Overall, we found that participants were more readily able to draw on situations where they felt psychologically unsafe, rather than safe. Psychological safety in service users was influenced by (1) healthcare staff attitudes and behaviours towards them, (2) their relationships with other service users, (3) whether they felt they had any control over their environment and medical decision‐making regarding their care, (4) their experiences of physically safety, feeling listened to and believed and (5) access to meaningful occupation on the wards. These findings suggest that changes are needed to enhance inpatient mental health service users' general experiences of psychological safety. Further research will need to (1) further develop understanding of the concept of psychological safety for service users and (2) identify interventions, and such interventions should be co‐designed with service users.
Hierarchical goal programming approaches to solve a discrete‐time formulation for the aircraft recovery problem of a Brazilian oil and gas company
Authors: Fantazzini Tarley Mansur , Vieira Thiago , Morabito Reinaldo , Munari Pedro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe address the aircraft recovery problem faced by a Brazilian oil and gas company during its offshore operations. This problem involves hiring helicopters from an outsourced company to transport personnel from an airport to maritime units. The performed flights are subject to disruptions and might require rescheduling. To assist with decision‐making in such situations, we introduce a discrete‐time integer linear programming (ILP) model that considers company‐specific attributes, including a lexicographic objective function that prioritizes (i) the reduction of flight transfers to the next day; (ii) the reduction of helicopter utilization; and (iii) the reduction of flight delays of the day. We develop four different solution approaches using hierarchical goal programming based on the proposed model, aided by enhancements and valid inequalities. Computational experiments using both real‐world and simulated instances demonstrate that our approaches can provide effective solutions for most instances using a general‐purpose ILP solver within acceptable computation times.
Identifying High‐Yielding and Drought‐Tolerant Wheat Cultivars Based on Ideotypic Traits and Yield Responses to Stress
Authors: Li Yibo , Tao Fulu , Hao Yuanfeng , Xiao Yonggui , He Zhonghu , Reynolds Matthew 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTDrought is one of the most adverse factors affecting plant growth and productivity. Identifying elite genotypes and their ideotypic traits conferring high yield potential and drought tolerance is critical in selecting and breeding drought‐tolerant wheat cultivars. In this study, we conducted field experiments at the Xinxiang Agricultural Comprehensive Experimental station in the North China Plain from 2018 to 2020 and assessed 209 wheat cultivars released since the 1940s under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Then, we selected drought‐tolerant cultivars by classifying them into four groups based on yield response to drought stress and several drought indices. Finally, the key ideotypic traits associated with high yield potential and drought tolerance were identified. Results indicated that the grain yield of the 209 cultivars decreased on average by 10.4% and 9.4% under nonirrigated treatment in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, respectively, relative to full irrigation. The high‐yielding cultivars under both irrigation treatments are characterised by a compact plant type, larger thousand‐grain weight, larger chlorophyll content, higher leaf photosynthesis, shorter plant height and stay‐green traits. The stomatal and nonstomatal limitations are strongly associated with genotype yield performance, elucidating a potential mechanism underlying drought tolerance. Drought tolerance and yield stability of wheat cultivars have been improved through breeding over the past 70 years. Our findings enhance understanding of drought tolerance and identify genotypes and traits beneficial for breeding high‐yielding and drought‐tolerant cultivars.
Prognosticating global functional outcome in the recurrent ischemic stroke using baseline clinical and pre‐clinical features: A machine learning study
Authors: Dao Tran Nhat Phong , Dang Hien Nguyen Thanh , Pham My Thi Kim , Nguyen Hien Thi , Tran Chi Cuong , Le Minh Van 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeRecurrent ischemic stroke (RIS) induces additional functional limitations in patients. Prognosticating globally functional outcome (GFO) in RIS patients is thereby important to plan a suitable rehabilitation programme. This study sought to investigate the ability of baseline features for classifying the patients with and without improving GFO (task 1) and identifying patients with poor GFO (task 2) at the third month after discharging from RIS.MethodsA total of 86 RIS patients were recruited and divided into the training set and testing set (50:50). The clinical and pre‐clinical data were recorded. The outcome was the changes in Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) (task 1) and the mRS score at the third month (mRS 0–2: good GFO, mRS >2: poor GFO) (task 2). The permutation importance ranking method selected features. Four algorithms were trained on the training set with five‐fold cross‐validation. The best model was tested on the testing set.ResultsIn task 1, the support vector machine (SVM) model outperformed the other models, with the high performance matrix on the training set (sensitivity = 0.80; specificity = 1.00) and the testing set (sensitivity = 0.80; specificity = 0.95). In task 2, the SVM model with selected features also performed well on both datasets (training set: sensitivity = 0.76; specificity = 0.92; testing set: sensitivity = 0.72; specificity = 0.88).ConclusionA machine learning model could be used to classify GFO responses to treatment and identify the third‐month poor GFO in RIS patients, supporting physicians in clinical practice.
An interdisciplinary treatment to reshape upper anterior displaced teeth by using dynamic occlusal recording with an intraoral scanner
Authors: Han Tianxiao , Xie Siyu , Cheng Shi , Jiang Qingsong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis article describes an interdisciplinary treatment that helped a patient with displaced upper anterior teeth. A gingivectomy, root canal therapies, digital smile design, digital wax‐up, and guided tooth preparations were applied.Clinical ConsiderationsA patient with pathologically migrated teeth asked for treatment without orthodontic involvement due to a primary failed orthodontic treatment history. A smile photo was taken and superimposed with the dentition in a CAD software to accomplish a digital smile design. The jaw movements were recorded with two different methods, a mechanical articulator and an intraoral scanner with Patient‐Specific‐Motion function. The occlusal contacts during protrusive and lateral movements were compared and the digital wax‐up was designed according to the later occlusal data. An aesthetic crown lengthening and pre‐op root canal treatment were carried out in advance accordingly. After guided tooth preparation with a silicone index, the final fixed restorations were manufactured and cemented. A 2‐year follow‐up showed that our prosthesis functions well.ConclusionsThis clinical report revealed that an intraoral scanner with Patient‐Specific‐Motion function can effectively record individual dynamic occlusal patterns and these data can be integrated into the CAD/CAM process to enhance the fulfillment of clinical requirements.Clinical SignificanceThis clinical procedure with a 2‐year follow‐up demonstrated that a prosthodontic‐based interdisciplinary treatment of pathologically migrated teeth using dynamic occlusal recording with an intraoral scanner could achieve satisfactory esthetics in a relatively short treatment period. The Patient Specific Motion module may be used to record a personalized functional movement and the data can be integrated into the design process of the final restorations.
The ties that bind: Questions for studying families in neighborhood contexts
Authors: Riina Elizabeth M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractScholars agree that understanding of family is incomplete without attention to context. Research and theory establish that neighborhoods are a proximal context for family life. However, research on the connections between neighborhoods and family processes remains limited in several ways. The overarching goal of this paper is to advance on existing knowledge of neighborhoods and families to elucidate key issues for future research. This paper begins with a brief review of existing theory and research on the connections between neighborhoods and families. Building on prior work, this paper then introduces a set of conceptually and methodologically driven questions that address limitations in: (1) how neighborhood qualities, as they relate to family wellbeing, are currently defined and measured, (2) how neighborhood effects are transmitted and if there are mutual influences between neighborhood and family processes, and (3) how transmission between neighborhoods and families varies according to sociocultural characteristics. These questions outline initial steps in clarifying and synthesizing previous conceptualizations and empirical study of neighborhoods and family dynamics. In addition, these ideas bring attention to understudied factors in research on neighborhoods and families and offer suggestions for future investigations.
Officer gunpoint during police stops: Repercussions for youth mental health and perceived safety
Authors: Jackson Dylan B. , Fix Rebecca L. , Semenza Daniel C. , Testa Alexander , Ward Julie A. , Crifasi Cassandra K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractYouth‐police contact is increasingly acknowledged as a stressor and a racialized adverse childhood experience that can undermine youths' mental health. The present study investigates a particularly distressing feature of youths' direct and witnessed in‐person police stops—officer gunpoint (i.e., officers drawing of firearms and pointing them at youth, their peers, or other community members). We examine patterns of youths' officer gunpoint exposure and associations with youth mental health and safety perceptions. Data come from the Survey of Police‐Adolescent Contact Experiences (SPACE), a cross‐sectional survey of a community‐based sample of Black youth ages 12–21 in Baltimore City, Maryland (n = 335), administered from August 2022 to July 2023. Findings indicate that ~33% of youth reporting in‐person police stops had been exposed to officer gunpoint during stops. Officer gunpoint was significantly and positively associated with being male, unemployed, having an incarcerated parent, living in a neighborhood with greater disorder, and having been directly stopped by police, in addition to youth delinquency and impulsivity. Net of covariates, experiencing officer gunpoint was associated with a significantly higher rate of youth emotional distress during stops. Significant associations between officer gunpoint and youths' current police violence stress, police avoidance, and diminished safety perceptions also emerged and were largely explained by youths' heightened emotional distress at the time of police stops. Trauma‐informed approaches are needed to mitigate the mental health harms of youth experiencing officer gunpoint.
Differentiating idiopathic inflammatory myopathies by automated morphometric analysis of MHC‐1, MHC‐2 and ICAM‐1 in muscle tissue
Authors: Nishimura Anna , Nelke Christopher , Huber Melanie , Mensch Alexander , Roth Angela , Oberwittler Christoph , Zimmerlein Björn , Krämer Heidrun H. , Neuen‐Jacob Eva , Stenzel Werner , Müller‐Ladner Ulf , Ruck Tobias , Schänzer Anne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsDiagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) is based on morphological characteristics and the evaluation of disease‐related proteins. However, although broadly applied, substantial bias is imposed by the respective methods, observers and individual staining approaches. We aimed to quantify the protein levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐1, (MHC)‐2 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 using an automated morphometric method to mitigate bias.MethodsDouble immunofluorescence staining was performed on whole muscle sections to study differences in protein expression in myofibre and endomysial vessels. We analysed all IIM subtypes including dermatomyositis (DM), anti‐synthetase syndrome (ASyS), inclusion body myositis (IBM), immune‐mediated‐necrotising myopathy (IMNM), dysferlinopathy (DYSF), SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination‐associated myopathy. Biopsies with neurogenic atrophy (NA) and normal morphology served as controls. Bulk RNA‐Sequencing (RNA‐Seq) was performed on a subset of samples.ResultsOur study highlights the significance of MHC‐1, MHC‐2 and ICAM‐1 in diagnosing IIM subtypes and reveals distinct immunological profiles. RNASeq confirmed the precision of our method and identified specific gene pathways in the disease subtypes.Notably, ASyS, DM and SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated myopathy showed increased ICAM‐1 expression in the endomysial capillaries, indicating ICAM‐1‐associated vascular activation in these conditions. In addition, ICAM‐1 showed high discrimination between different subgroups with high sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionsAutomated morphometric analysis provides precise quantitative data on immune‐associated proteins that can be integrated into our pathophysiological understanding of IIM. Further, ICAM‐1 holds diagnostic value for the detection of IIM pathology.
Electroacupuncture at different frequencies improves visceral pain in IBS rats through different pathways
Authors: Chang Xiaoli , Wang Lijun , Sun Hongwei , Wang Zhen , Yang Zongbao , Chen Shaozong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the frequency dependence of electroacupuncture (EA) in alleviating chronic visceral pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the differences in the gut microbiota and metabolites as potential mechanisms to explain frequency dependence.MethodsA visceral hyperalgesia model was established by colorectal instillation of 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in rats, and EA treatment at 2/10 Hz, 2/50 Hz and 2/100 Hz was applied at ST25. Visceral sensation was quantified by the abdominal withdrawal reflex score and the area under the curve of the rectus abdominis electromyogram in response to colorectal distension. Ultrastructural morphological damage of colonic tissue of the rats was examined by transmission electron microscopy. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were applied to study the differences in the gut microbiota and to perform metabonomic profiling of the colonic tissue.Key ResultsEA at ST25 at different frequencies attenuated chronic visceral pain, ultrastructural morphological damage to colonic tissue and disruption of the gut microbiota in IBS rats. The frequency of 2/100 Hz has more regulatory pathways than 2/10 Hz and 2/50 Hz. In addition, IBS rats exhibited colonic metabolic disorders, and pantothenate was significantly upregulated after EA treatment at different frequencies. Very low‐density lipoprotein and 2‐hydroxybutyrate were significantly increased in the 2/10 Hz group, while low density lipoprotein, very low‐density lipoprotein, 2‐hydroxybutyrate, methylmalonate and alpha‐hydroxyisobutyric acid were significantly increased in the 2/100 Hz group.Conclusions and InferencesEA at ST25 at different frequencies attenuated chronic visceral pain through different gut microbiota and metabolic pathways.
PhieDBEs: a DBD‐containing, PAM‐flexible, high‐efficiency dual base editor toolbox with wide targeting scope for use in plants
Authors: Zheng Zhiye , Liu Taoli , Chai Nan , Zeng Dongchang , Zhang Ruixiang , Wu Yang , Hang Jiaxuan , Liu Yuxin , Deng Qindi , Tan Jiantao , Liu Jialin , Xie Xianrong , Liu Yao‐Guang , Zhu Qinlong 
Published: July 2024

SummaryDual base editors (DBEs) enable simultaneous A‐to‐G and C‐to‐T conversions, expanding mutation types. However, low editing efficiency and narrow targeting range limit the widespread use of DBEs in plants. The single‐strand DNA binding domain of RAD51 DBD can be fused to base editors to improve their editing efficiency. However, it remains unclear how the DBD affects dual base editing performance in plants. In this study, we generated a series of novel plant DBE‐SpGn tools consisting of nine constructs using the high‐activity cytidine deaminase evoFERNY, adenosine deaminase TadA8e and DBD in various fusion modes with the PAM‐flexible Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) nickase variant SpGn (with NG‐PAM). By analysing their editing performance on 48 targets in rice, we found that DBE‐SpGn constructs containing a single DBD and deaminases located at the N‐terminus of SpGn exhibited the highest editing efficiencies. Meanwhile, constructs with deaminases located at the C‐terminus and/or multiple DBDs failed to function normally and exhibited inhibited editing activity. We identified three particularly high‐efficiency dual base editors (C‐A‐SpGn, C‐A‐D‐SpGn and A‐C‐D‐SpGn), named PhieDBEs (Plant high‐efficiency dual base editors), capable of producing efficient dual base conversions within a narrow editing window (M5 ~ M9, M = A/C). The editing efficiency of C‐A‐D‐SpGn was as high as 95.2% at certain target sites, with frequencies of simultaneous C‐to‐T and A‐to‐G conversions as high as 81.0%. In summary, PhieDBEs (especially C‐A‐D‐SpGn) can produce diverse mutants and may prove useful in a wide variety of applications, including plant functional genomics, precise mutagenesis, directed evolution and crop genetic improvement, among others.
Genetic Analysis of Cotton Fiber Traits in Gossypium Hybrid Lines
Authors: Wang Heng , Cai Xiaoyan , Umer Muhammad Jawad , Xu Yanchao , Hou Yuqing , Zheng Jie , Liu Fang , Wang Kunbo , Chen Mengshan , Ma Shuping , Yu Jingzhong , Zhou Zhongli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCotton plays a crucial role in the progress of the textile industry and the betterment of human life by providing natural fibers. In our study, we explored the genetic determinants of cotton architecture and fiber yield and quality by crossbreeding Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense, creating a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Utilizing SNP markers, we constructed an extensive genetic map encompassing 7,730 markers over 2,784.2 cM. We appraised two architectural and seven fiber traits within six environments, identifying 58 QTLs, of which 49 demonstrated stability across these environments. These encompassed QTLs for traits such as lint percentage (LP), boll weight (BW), fiber strength (STRENGTH), seed index (SI), and micronaire (MIC), primarily located on chromosomes chr‐A07, chr‐D06, and chr‐D07. Notably, chr‐D07 houses a QTL region affecting SI, corroborated by multiple studies. Within this region, the genes BZIP043 and SEP2 were identified as pivotal, with SEP2 particularly showing augmented expression in developing ovules. These discoveries contribute significantly to marker‐assisted selection, potentially elevating both the yield and quality of cotton fiber production. These findings provide valuable insights into marker‐assisted breeding strategies, offering crucial information to enhance fiber yield and quality in cotton production.