bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticide resistance and cross‐resistance development in Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) populations in Canada 2008–2011
Authors: Scott Ian M , Tolman Jeff H , MacArthur Dale C 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDA survey of insecticide resistance in over 150 Canadian populations of Colorado potato beetle was completed between 2008 and 2011. Three neonicotinoid and two anthranilic diamide insecticides were tested at a discriminating concentration (DC) with second‐instar larvae in a leaf‐disc bioassay.RESULTSThe mean mortality for the imidacloprid (Admire) DC was 46–67% between 2008 and 2011 respectively. Over the 4 years, 10–46% and 26–40% of the populations were classified as resistant or showed reduced susceptibility to imidacloprid. The mean mortality for thiamethoxam (Actara) and clothianidin (Poncho/Titan) ranged from 56–76% in 2008 to 81–84% in 2010 for each insecticide respectively, indicating continuous susceptibility to clothianidin but reduced susceptibility to thiamethoxam. In 2008 and 2009, susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) was observed in 85% of populations. Similarly, cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr) affected 93% of the 2009 and 74% of the 2010 populations. There was a significant (P < 0.05) and high positive correlation (R = 0.4–0.84) between the three neonicotinoids, indicating the potential for cross‐resistance.CONCLUSIONSThe trend observed in decreasing susceptibility for thiamethoxam and clothianidin will continue unless resistance management practices are followed. © 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Pest Management Science © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Continuous and unattended measurements of the site preference of nitrous oxide emitted from an agricultural soil using quantum cascade laser spectrometry with intercomparison with isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Yamamoto Akinori , Uchida Yoshitaka , Akiyama Hiroko , Nakajima Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRATIONALEThe difference between the 15N natural abundance of 14N‐15N‐O and 15N‐14N‐O (site preference; SP) is used to understand the mechanisms underlying N2O emissions from soils. We investigated the use of quantum cascade laser (QCL) absorption spectrometry for continuous and precise analysis of the SP of N2O emitted from a field soil at atmospheric mixing ratios.METHODSA QCL‐based spectrometer was used to determine the SP of soil‐emitted N2O accumulated in a closed chamber system without preconcentration. N2O standards (<2500 ppbv) were used to evaluate the precision of the QCL spectrometry (QCLS) system. CO2 and H2O were removed from the gas samples. Intercomparison measurements of QCLS and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) were performed on N2O calibration gases at different mixing ratios. The observed dependency of the QCLS result on the N2O mixing ratio was corrected.RESULTSMeasurement of SP of N2O emitted from the field suggested that the SP of N2O varied from 0 to 40‰ over a period of 1 month. The precisions of the SP measurements (300–2500 ppbv) were <1.9‰ for δ15Nα values, <2.6‰ for δ15Nβ values, <2.1‰ for δ15Nbulk values, and <2.1‰ for the SP (1 min averaging time) obtained on a once‐an‐hour calibrated QCLS system, with a cell temperature control precision of ±0.01 K.CONCLUSIONSContinuous and unattended measurements of the SP of N2O emitted from soils were achieved at low N2O mixing ratios. The accuracy of the QCLS measurements for the SP of N2O was significantly improved by precisely controlling the temperature of the system and by correcting for the concentration dependency of the raw data through an intercomparison with IRMS measurements. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a highly sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify total and free levels of a target protein, interferon‐gamma‐inducible protein‐10, at picomolar levels in human serum
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Xiao Qing , Xin Baomin , Trigona Wendy , Tymiak Adrienne A. , Dongre Ashok R. , Olah Timothy V. 
Published: May 2014

RATIONALELiquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assays are increasingly being used for absolute quantitation of proteins due to high specificity and low cost. However, the major challenge for the LC/MS method is insufficient sensitivity. This paper details the strategies developed to maximize the sensitivity from aspects of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation to achieve a highly sensitive LC/MS method.METHODSThe method is based on the LC/MS/MS measurement of a surrogate peptide generated from trypsin digestion of interferon‐gamma‐inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10). The sample preparation strategy involved selectively extracting IP‐10 and removing high‐abundance serum proteins through acidified protein precipitation (PPT). It was revealed in this work that these high‐abundance serum proteins, if not separated from the protein of interest, could cause significant ionization saturation and high background noise in selected reaction monitoring (SRM), leading to a 100‐fold higher lower limit of quantification (LLOQ).RESULTSOur method demonstrated that the acidified PPT could be optimized to selectively extract the protein of interest with full recovery of 97% to 103%, while the high‐abundance serum proteins could be effectively removed with minimal matrix effect of 90% to 93%. For the first time, a highly sensitive LC/MS method with a LLOQ of 31.62 pM for the quantitation of IP‐10 has been achieved, which is a 100‐fold improvement over the generic method.CONCLUSIONSThe described method offers excellent sensitivity with advantages of being antibody reagent independent and leads to significant cost and time savings. It has been successfully employed to determine both total and free IP‐10 levels in human serum samples. This method development strategy may also be applied to other small proteins. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast Deterministic Ptychographic Imaging Using X-Rays
Authors: Yan Ada W. C. , D’Alfonso Adrian J. , Morgan Andrew J. , Putkunz Corey T. , Allen Leslie J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe present a deterministic approach to the ptychographic retrieval of the wave at the exit surface of a specimen of condensed matter illuminated by X-rays. The method is based on the solution of an overdetermined set of linear equations, and is robust to measurement noise. The set of linear equations is efficiently solved using the conjugate gradient least-squares method implemented using fast Fourier transforms. The method is demonstrated using a data set obtained from a gold–chromium nanostructured test object. It is shown that the transmission function retrieved by this linear method is quantitatively comparable with established methods of ptychography, with a large decrease in computational time, and is thus a good candidate for real-time reconstruction.
Adapting manualized Behavioural Activation treatment for older adults with depression
Authors: Pasterfield Madeline , Bailey Della , Hems Deborah , McMillan Dean , Richards David , Gilbody Simon 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThere is growing evidence that Behavioural Activation is an effective treatment for older adults with depression. However, there is a lack of detail given in studies about any adaptations made to interventions or efforts made to remove treatment barriers. Factors such as co-morbid physical health problems, cognitive impairment and problems with social support suggest there may be specific treatment considerations when developing interventions for this group. This article aims to describe adaptations made to a general adult Behavioural Activation manual using literature on treatment factors for older adults as an organizational framework. This information may be of use to mental health workers delivering behavioural interventions to older adults with depression and documents the initial phase of developing a complex intervention.
River organic matter shapes microbial communities in the sediment of the Rhône prodelta
Authors: Fagervold Sonja K , Bourgeois Solveig , Pruski Audrey M , Charles François , Kerhervé Philippe , Vétion Gilles , Galand Pierre E 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Microbial-driven organic matter (OM) degradation is a cornerstone of benthic community functioning, but little is known about the relation between OM and community composition. Here we use Rhône prodelta sediments to test the hypothesis that OM quality and source are fundamental structuring factors for bacterial communities in benthic environments. Sampling was performed on four occasions corresponding to contrasting river-flow regimes, and bacterial communities from seven different depths were analyzed by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The sediment matrix was characterized using over 20 environmental variables including bulk parameters (for example, total nitrogen, carbon, OM, porosity and particle size), as well as parameters describing the OM quality and source (for example, pigments, total lipids and amino acids and δ13C), and molecular-level biomarkers like fatty acids. Our results show that the variance of the microbial community was best explained by δ13C values, indicative of the OM source, and the proportion of saturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids, describing OM lability. These parameters were traced back to seasonal differences in the river flow, delivering OM of different quality and origin, and were directly associated with several frequent bacterial operational taxonomic units. However, the contextual parameters, which explained at most 17% of the variance, were not always the key for understanding the community assembly. Co-occurrence and phylogenetic diversity analysis indicated that bacteria–bacteria interactions were also significant. In conclusion, the drivers structuring the microbial community changed with time but remain closely linked with the river OM input.
Neuronal adaptation involves rapid expansion of the action potential initiation site
Authors: Scott Ricardo S. , Henneberger Christian , Padmashri Ragunathan , Anders Stefanie , Jensen Thomas P. , Rusakov Dmitri A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAction potential (AP) generation is the key to information-processing in the brain. Although APs are normally initiated in the axonal initial segment, developmental adaptation or prolonged network activity may alter the initiation site geometry thus affecting cell excitability. Here we find that hippocampal dentate granule cells adapt their spiking threshold to the kinetics of the ongoing dendrosomatic excitatory input by expanding the AP-initiation area away from the soma while also decelerating local axonal spikes. Dual-patch soma–axon recordings combined with axonal Na+ and Ca2+ imaging and biophysical modelling show that the underlying mechanism involves distance-dependent inactivation of axonal Na+ channels due to somatic depolarization propagating into the axon. Thus, the ensuing changes in the AP-initiation zone and local AP propagation could provide activity-dependent control of cell excitability and spiking on a relatively rapid timescale.
Targeting S1P receptors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice improves early deficits in locomotor activity and increases ultrasonic vocalisations
Authors: Sheridan Graham K. , Dev Kumlesh K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFingolimod (FTY720) is an oral therapy for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and targets sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs). FTY720 also rescues animals from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. The protective effects of FTY720 in EAE are primarily scored manually by examining weight loss and limb paralysis that begins around 10–12 days after immunisation. To our knowledge, pre-clinical effects of FTY720 on animal behaviour early in EAE have not been explored. Here, we developed an automated behaviour monitoring system to examine the early effects of FTY720 on subtle pre-symptomatic behaviour of mice induced with EAE. Our automated home-cage monitoring system (AHC-MS) enabled non-contact detection of movement and ultrasonic vocalisations (USVs) of mice induced with EAE, thus allowing detection of subtle changes in mouse behaviour before paralysis occurs. Mice receiving FTY720 emit longer USVs and display higher levels of motor activity than vehicle-treated EAE mice before clinical symptoms become apparent. Importantly, this study promotes the 3Rs ethics (replacement, reduction and refinement) in the EAE animal model and may also improve pre-screening of potentially novel MS therapies. In addition, this is the first report showing the early effects of FTY720 in EAE which underscores its protective effects.
A simple bound for the variation at closest approach of a small body and star due to general relativity
Authors: Veras Dimitri 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
As a comet, asteroid or planet approaches its parent star, the orbit changes shape due to the curvature of space–time. For comets in particular, the deviation at the pericentre may noticeably change their ephemerides and affect the dynamics of outgassing, tidal disruption or other processes which act on orbital time-scales and are assumed to follow Newtonian gravity. By obtaining and analysing the unaveraged equations of motion in orbital elements due to the dominant post-Newtonian contribution (1PN), I derive a simple analytic expression for the maximum deviation in terms of only the stellar mass and eccentricity of the orbit. This relation can be used to assess the potential importance of including short-period relativistic terms in models containing comets, asteroids or planets, and help determine the level of precision needed in numerical integrations. The magnitude of the deviation in systems with solar-like stars is typically comparable to the size of comet nuclei, and the direction of the deviation is determined by the eccentricity. I show that for eccentricities above a critical value of $\sqrt{19} - 4 \approx 0.359$, the direction is away from the star.
K2 observations of the pulsating subdwarf B star EQ Piscium: an sdB+dM binary
Authors: Jeffery C. S. , Ramsay G. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
K2, the two-wheel mission of the Kepler space telescope, observed the pulsating subdwarf B star EQ PSc during engineering tests in 2014 February. In addition to a rich spectrum of g-mode pulsation frequencies, the observations demonstrate a light variation with a period of 19.2 h and full amplitude of 2 per cent. We suggest that this is due to reflection from a cool companion, making EQ Psc the longest-period member of some 30 binaries comprising a hot subdwarf and a cool dwarf companion (sdB+dM), and hence useful for exploring the common-envelope ejection mechanism in low-mass binaries.
Quality failures in residential aged care in Australia: The relationship between structural factors and regulation imposed sanctions
Authors: Baldwin Richard , Chenoweth Lynnette , dela Rama Marie , Liu Zhixin 
Published: May 2014

AimTo examine the relationship between structural factors and the imposition of sanctions on residential aged care services across Australia for regulatory compliance failure.MethodsPoisson Regression analysis was used to examine the association between the number of sanctions imposed and the structural characteristics of residential aged care services in Australia.ResultsResidential aged care services that have a greater likelihood of having government sanctions imposed on them are operated by for‐profit providers and located in remote locations and in Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory.ConclusionThe findings confirm the international literature on the relationship between residential aged care service location, ownership type and the likelihood of sanctions. In the light of the predicted expansion of residential aged care services, policy makers should give consideration to structural elements most likely to be associated with a failure to meet and maintain service standards.
Laparoscopic versus open reversal of Hartmann's procedure: a retrospective review
Authors: Yang Phillip F. , Morgan Matthew J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundRestoration of bowel continuity following Hartmann's procedure may be performed using a laparoscopic or open technique. This study is the first of its kind comparing laparoscopic with open reversal of Hartmann's procedure in Australasia.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of 107 patients who underwent either a laparoscopic (n = 43) or open (n = 64) reversal of Hartmann's procedure between 2001 and 2012. Outcome measures were perioperative clinical outcomes and post‐operative complications.ResultsPatients in the two groups were comparable in age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score and number of previous operations. The most common indication for the original Hartmann's operation in both groups was diverticular disease. Total theatre time was longer for the laparoscopic group (276.4 versus 242.0 min; P = 0.02). Three patients in the laparoscopic group required conversion to laparotomy (7%). Laparoscopic reversal of Hartmann's procedure was associated with shorter time to passage of flatus (2.8 versus 4.0 days; P < 0.001) and faeces (4.2 versus 5.6 days; P = 0.002), and shorter overall length of hospital stay (6.7 versus 10.8 days; P < 0.001). There were fewer patients in the laparoscopic group who had post‐operative complications (14% versus 31%; P = 0.04), including fewer cases of post‐operative ileus (2% versus 17%; P = 0.02). There were no cases of anastomotic leak or in‐hospital mortality in either group.ConclusionLaparoscopic reversal of Hartmann's procedure is a safe and feasible alternative to open Hartmann's reversal and may be associated with significantly faster recovery time and fewer post‐operative complications.
The morphology of photophores in the garrick, cyclothone braueri (Family: Gonostomatidae): an ultrastructure study
Authors: Cavallaro Mauro , Battaglia Pietro , Laurà Rosaria , Guerrera Maria Cristina , Abbate Francesco , Germanà Antonino 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA contribution to the knowledge of the photophore structure of the mesopelagic fish Cyclothone braueri (Gonostomatidae) from the central Mediterranean Sea (Strait of Messina) is given by means of a structural and ultrastructural study, to better identify and classify the real anatomical structures costituing these luminous organs. The photocytes exhibit numerous secretory granules, of different electron density, embedded in an extremely developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. The lens appear to be composed of tightly contiguous polyhedral cells. The reflector is made up of cells rich in guanine crystals, embedded in an amorphous matrix and is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue containing melanocytes. Unlike the present knowledge, it is shown that the bioluminescence emitted from C. braueri light organs has glandular nature, with photophores similar to type α from Bassot classification. The phenomenon of adaptive convergence, documenting how the morphology and physiology of the light organs of teleosts is similar in different species despite their taxonomic distance, is confirmed also for C. braueri.
Association of perceived stress with depressive symptoms in older Taiwanese: Results of a population‐based study
Authors: Tsai Alan C , Chi Shu‐Huang , Wang Jiun‐Yi 
Published: May 2014

AimsWe determined the association of perceived stress with depressive symptoms in older Taiwanese.MethodsWe analyzed the 2007 dataset of the Taiwan Longitudinal Survey on Aging, a population‐based survey of 4534 persons aged ≥54 years. Perceived stress was based on respondents' reports of whether each of the five situations (own health, financial status, job, getting along with family members and family members' problems) “makes you feel stressed or anxious”. Participants were rated with the 10‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (score 0–30; ≥10 as having depressive symptoms). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the association of each perceived stress situation with depressive symptoms in persons aged 54–64 years (middle‐aged), 65–74 years (young‐old) and ≥75 years (old‐old).ResultsOver one‐third of respondents were stressed over their own health. The middle‐aged respondents who were stressed were 2.0–10.9‐fold as likely to have depressive symptoms, the young‐old were 3.1–8.1‐fold as likely and the old‐old were 4.3–12.6‐fold as likely compared with the non‐stressed respondents (all P < 0.001). Financial stress and its association with depressive symptoms deceased with increasing age. Nearly half of the Taiwanese older adults had concerns over family members' problems and the concern was associated with depressive symptoms in the younger age groups. Relationship strain with family members existed in <10% of older Taiwanese, but the association with depressive symptoms was strong. Job‐related stress was not associated with depressive symptoms.ConclusionsPerceived stress and its association with depressive symptoms vary according to stress situations and age. The present findings should be useful for developing appropriate strategies to reduce the risk of depression in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 535–543.
Nitric oxide induces apoptosis in human gingival fibroblast through mitochondria‐dependent pathway and JNK activation
Authors: Baek M.‐W. , Seong K.‐J. , Jeong Y.‐J. , Kim G.‐M. , Park H.‐J. , Kim S.‐H. , Chung H.‐J. , Kim W.‐J. , Jung J.‐Y. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate the molecular mechanisms of nitric oxide (NO)‐induced cytotoxic effect in human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells.MethodologyAfter sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as NO donor, was treated to HGF, viability was measured by MTT assay and apoptosis was determined by TUNEL and DNA fragmentation assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected using confocal microscopy, and caspase activity assay was measured by spectrophotometer. Mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation, Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and cytochrome c release were analysed by Western blot analyses. Cells were exposed to MAPK inhibitors (U0126, SB203580 and SP600125) before SNP treatment to investigate the effects of MAPK kinases on the NO‐induced apoptosis in HGF. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way analysis of variance with the Student–Newman–Keuls post hoc test for multiple group comparison.ResultsApoptosis was significantly increased (P = 0.011 and 0.0004, respectively) in the presence of SNP (1 and 3 mmol L−1) after 12 h in HGF. However, 1H‐[1,2,4] oxadiatolo [4, 3‐a] cluinoxaline‐1‐one (ODQ), a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, did not block the decrement of cell viability by NO. SNP treatment induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, increased Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and activation of caspases in HGF. Also, SNP treatment increased phosphorylation of MAPKinases and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (5 and 10 μmol L−1) rescued cell viability decreased by SNP in HGF (P = 0.024 and 0.0149, respectively).ConclusionNitric oxide induced apoptosis in human gingival fibroblast through the mitochondria‐mediated pathway by regulation of Bcl‐2 family and JNK activation.