bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verletzung der perfekten Symmetrie
Authors: Harlander Robert 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDer diesjährige Physik‐Nobelpreis geht gemeinsam an François Englert und Peter Higgs für “die theoretische Entdeckung eines Mechanismus, der zu unserem Verständnis des Ursprungs der Masse von subatomaren Teilchen beiträgt.” Explizit gewürdigt wurde auch das CERN.
Seven percent hypertonic saline—0.1% hyaluronic acid in infants with mild‐to‐moderate bronchiolitis
Authors: Nenna Raffaella , Papoff Paola , Moretti Corrado , De Angelis Daniela , Battaglia Massimo , Papasso Stefano , Bernabucci Mariangela , Cangiano Giulia , Petrarca Laura , Salvadei Serena , Nicolai Ambra , Ferrara Marianna , Bonci Enea , Midulla Fabio 
Published: November 2013

SummaryObjectivesOur study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 7% hypertonic saline and 0.1% hyaluronic acid (7% HS–HA) given by inhalation, in infants hospitalized for mild‐to‐moderate bronchiolitis.MethodsIn a double‐blind controlled study, 39 infants (23 boys) <7 months of age (median age 2 months) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either nebulized 7% HS–HA (7%NaCl + 0.1%HA) (n:21) or 0.9 normal saline (NS) (n:18) at a dose of 2.5 ml twice a day for 3 days. All infants were assigned a clinical severity score at admission and four times daily during hospitalization. Main outcome measures were number of days hospitalization, safety and daily reduction in the severity score.ResultsNo difference was found between the two groups for clinical severity score at admission. One child in the study group and two in the NS group interrupted the study protocol; 19% of infants in the study group and 11% in the NS group had mild cough after the aerosol. The length of stay in the control group and treatment groups were 4.8 ± 1.5 versus 4.1 ± 1.9 days, respectively (P = 0.09). There was a trend for shortening the hospitalization days in the treatment group by 14.6%. The use of NS in the control group was identified as an independent risk factor for length of hospital stay using the multivariate logistic regression model (P = 0.04). No difference was observed between the two groups for the clinical score reduction during the first 3 days hospitalization.Conclusions7% HS–HA is a safe and effective therapy in treating infants hospitalized for mild‐to‐moderate bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:919–925. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure stability and ferromagnetism of carbon alloying Fe3Si compound from first principles calculations
Authors: Ma Rui , Huang Jin , Xiong Xicheng , Fan Menghui , Yan Wanjun , Xie Quan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBased on the density functional theory (DFT), the plane‐wave pseudo‐potential method was used to calculate structural stabilities, electronic structures, and ferromagnetism of Fe3Si and Fe12Si3C compounds. The stability of the solid solution alloy increases with the addition of C, which occupying the Si site. Calculating the density of the states and the Mulliken electronic populations showed that the reason of Fe12Si3C has the highest structural stability is because its Fermi level close to the bottom of the pseudogap. Also, Fe12Si3C has the largest Mulliken population, which increases the metallic bonding of alloying system. The total magnetic moments of the Fe12Si3C alloy was 17.80μB.The substitution of alloying element not only decreases the concentration of Si atoms but also influences the interaction between Fe atoms, Si atoms, and Fe atoms. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication and characterizations of phosphorus‐doped n‐type BaSi2 epitaxial films grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Takabe R. , Baba M. , Nakamura K. , Du W. , Khan M. A. , Koike S. , Toko K. , Hara K. O. , Usami N. , Suemasu T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPhosphorus (P)‐doped BaSi2 films were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. P‐doped BaSi2 showed n ‐type conductivity and the electron concentration increased up to 4×1017 cm–3 at room temperature. The temperature dependence of electron concentration revealed that the activation energy was approximately 80 meV. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication and characterization of polycrystalline BaSi2 by RF sputtering
Authors: Latiff Nurul Amal Abdul , Yoneyama Takahiro , Shibutami Tetsuo , Matsumaru Keitaro , Toko Kaoru , Suemasu Takashi 
Published: November 2013

Abstract1‐μm‐thick polycrystalline BaSi2 films have been fabricated on glass substrate by sputtering BaSi2 target at 600 °C. From the transmission spectrum, we found that the indirect absorption edge was approximately 1.25 eV and the refractive index was 4.0 for long wavelengths. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of diffusion coefficients of n‐type impurities in MBE‐grown BaSi2 epitaxial layers
Authors: Zhang N. , Nakamura K. , Baba M. , Toko K. , Suemasu T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSb layers deposited on BaSi2 epitaxial films on Si(111) substrates were annealed at different temperatures and durations to evaluate the diffusion coefficients of Sb using secondary ion mass spectrometry with Cs+ ions. The activation energies of lattice and grain boundary diffusions in BaSi2 were found to be 0.64 eV and 1.20 eV, respectively. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural characteristics of liquid SiC during quenching process
Authors: Yan Wanjun , Gao Tinghong , Guo Xiaotian , Xie Quan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractQuenching process of liquid silicon carbide (SiC) is simulated with Tersoff potential by using molecular dynamic. Structural characteristics of SiC are analyzed by radial distribution function, angular distribution function, coordination number, and Voronoi polyhedron index. Results show that both heteronuclear and homonuclear bonds exist and no atomic segregation occurs during the quench process. The bond angles of silicon and carbon atoms are distributed at around 109° and 120°, respectively. The average coordination number is <4. Threefold carbon atoms and fourfold silicon atoms link together and ultimately form a random network of amorphous structure. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
African American Women's Limited Knowledge and Experiences with Genetic Counseling for Hereditary Breast Cancer
Authors: Sheppard Vanessa B. , Graves Kristi D. , Christopher Juleen , Hurtado‐de‐Mendoza Alejandra , Talley Costellia , Williams Karen Patricia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGenetic counseling and testing for hereditary breast cancer have the potential benefit of early detection and early interventions in African American women. However, African American women have low use of these services compared to White women. We conducted two focus groups with African American women diagnosed with breast cancer (affected group, n = 13) and women with at least one first‐degree relative with breast/ovarian cancer (unaffected group, n = 8). A content analysis approach was employed to analyze interview data. Breast cancer survivors had more knowledge about genetic counseling and testing than participants who were unaffected with cancer. However, knowledge about genetic counseling was limited in both groups. Barriers to pursuing genetic counseling and testing included poor understanding of the genetic counseling and testing process, fear of carrying the mutation, concerns about discrimination, and cost. Motivators to participate in genetic counseling and testing included desire to help family members, insurance coverage, and potential of benefiting the larger African American community. Education efforts are needed to increase genetic counseling and testing awareness in the African American community.
Male infertility and androgen replacement therapy for subjects with bilateral testicular tumors
Authors: Amano Toshiyasu , Imao Tetsuya , Takemae Katsuro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate andrological aspects, including male infertility and androgen deficiency, after treatments of bilateral testicular tumors.MethodsFive subjects with bilateral testicular cancer were clinically analyzed between April 1996 and March 2013.ResultsThe mean age at initial treatment was 29.4 ± 3.3 years old. In the 4 metachronous cases, a contralateral tumor occurred after 79.0 ± 50.0 months. Histologically, bilateral seminoma occurred in 3 cases and seminoma and nonseminoma was combined in 2 cases. All subjects underwent bilateral orchiectomy, with additional chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery for metastasis. No tumor recurrence was observed in the 5–34 years following initial treatment. Two subjects married following bilateral orchiectomy after receiving informed consent from their wives. One had two children before contralateral testicular treatment. The other was single and had undergone micro‐testicular sperm extraction at contralateral orchiectomy, although no sperm was found. The other one was unknown because long‐term followup failed. Androgen replacement therapy (ART) was applied for 4 subjects, and relieved physical and psychological symptoms due to testosterone deficiency without adverse reactions.ConclusionsART safely and effectively relieves symptoms in subjects with bilateral testicular tumors. However, male infertility treatment is insufficient, and more aggressive management may be required.
Efficacy of clindamycin in reducing pain following tonsillectomy in adults: a double-blind, randomised trial
Authors: Baradaranfar M H , Zand V , Dadgarnia M H , Atighechi S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjective:Tonsillectomy is a common operation performed in children and young adults. Pain and post-operation haemorrhage are its most common complications. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of topical antibiotics in reducing throat pain after tonsillectomy in adult patients.Methods:A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial was conducted, enrolling 30 patients older than 18 years who were scheduled to undergo tonsillectomy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either clindamycin or normal saline (as placebo). Throat pain severity was evaluated using a visual analogue scale.Results:All patients in both groups had experienced a reduction in pain by the seventh day after surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in the extent of visual analogue scale pain score reduction, comparing the placebo and clindamycin groups throughout the study course (p = 0.424).Conclusion:Topical clindamycin was not demonstrated to be more effective than normal saline in the reduction of throat pain following tonsillectomy in adults.
Plasma processes at comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko: Expectations for Rosetta
Authors: MENDIS D. A. , HORÁNYI M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Rosetta–Philae mission to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko in 2014 will provide a unique opportunity to observe the variable nature of the interaction of a comet with the solar radiation and the solar wind, as the comet approaches the Sun. In this short paper we will focus on the varying global structure of the cometary plasma environment. Specifically we make predictions on the varying locations of the two basic transitions in the global, contaminated solar wind flow toward the comet: the outer bow shock and the ionopause.
Nonlinear fluid equations for fully toroidal electromagnetic waves for the core tokamak plasma
Authors: WEILAND J. , LIU C. S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe rather general set of fluid equations with full curvature effects (Shukla and Weiland, Phys. Rev. A 40, 341 (1989)) has been modified to apply to the core and generalized to include also microtearing modes.
A Swedish national adoption study of criminality
Authors: Kendler K. S. , Larsson Lönn S. , Morris N. A. , Sundquist J. , Långström N. , Sundquist K. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundTo clarify the role of genetic and environmental factors in criminal behavior (CB), we examined all CB and violent and non-violent subtypes (VCB and NVCB, respectively) in a Swedish national sample of adoptees and their relatives.MethodCB was defined by a conviction in the Swedish Crime Register with standard definitions for VCB and NVCB subtypes. We examined adoptees born 1950–1991 (n = 18 070) and their biological (n = 79 206) and adoptive (n = 47 311) relatives.ResultsThe risk for all CB was significantly elevated in the adopted-away offspring of biological parents of which at least one had CB [odds ratio (OR) 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–1.6] and in the biological full and half-siblings of CB adoptees (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.6 and OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.3, respectively). A genetic risk index (including biological parental/sibling history of CB and alcohol abuse) and an environmental risk index (including adoptive parental and sibling CB and a history of adoptive parental divorce, death, and medical illness) both strongly predicted probability of CB. These genetic and environmental risk indices acted additively on adoptee risk for CB. Moderate specificity was seen in the transmission of genetic risk for VCB and NVCB between biological parents and siblings and adoptees.ConclusionsCB is etiologically complex and influenced by a range of genetic risk factors including a specific liability to CB and a vulnerability to broader externalizing behaviors, and by features of the adoptive environment including parental CB, divorce and death. Genetic risk factors for VCB and NVCB may be at least partially distinct.
Income taxation and the validity of state capacity indicators
Authors: Rogers Melissa Ziegler , Weller Nicholas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractState capacity is a key concept for research in public policy and political science. Despite its importance, there is no broadly accepted measure of state capacity in the existing literature, and frequently used measures of capacity have not been examined for their validity. We begin with an explicit definition of state capacity – the state's ability to implement public policy – and connect this definition to a measurable outcome of state capacity – the state's taxation of income. We show that this measure, income taxes as a percentage of total tax revenue, is a useful indicator of state capacity and meets higher standards of measurement validity than other tax-based indicators. We also compare our measure to the most common existing indicators of state capacity to show that income taxation is a better theoretical and statistical measure of states’ effectiveness in policy implementation.
Non-equilibrium two-dimensional thermal evolutions in target materials irradiated by femtosecond laser pulse
Authors: Al-Malkawi G. , Hassanein A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNon-equilibrium heat transfer described by a two-step temperature model was developed to study the thermal evolution through target materials irradiated by femtosecond laser pulse. Two-dimensional heat transfer equations were solved numerically. The temperature dependent thermo-physical properties of the electron and the lattice are considered in the model. The Gaussian spatial and temporal distribution of the heat and temperature of the electron and the lattice is presented. The effect of reflectivity, electron — lattice coupling factor, and the spot size was studied using copper targets.
On thermonuclear burn propagation in a pre-compressed cylindrical DT target ignited by a heavy ion beam pulse
Authors: Ramis R. , Meyer-Ter-Vehn J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThermonuclear ignition and burn propagation in pre-compressed cylindrical deuterium-tritium (DT) targets is studied by two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations using the code MULTI-2D. Special attention is paid to self-sustained steady burn wave propagation. Peak temperatures and burn wave velocity scale with the density-radius product of the fuel, and wave propagation is obtained for (ρR)DT ≥ 0.45 g/cm2. Radiation transport is identified as the dominant mechanism to drive the wave. Details of ignition by a heavy ion beam pulse are also presented. Limitations in the physics basis of the simulations are pointed out. The results are compared with previous publications found in the literature.
Predictors of Nursing Home Placement from Assisted Living Settings in Canada
Authors: Maxwell Colleen J. , Soo Andrea , Hogan David B. , Wodchis Walter P. , Gilbart Erin , Amuah Joseph , Eliasziw Misha , Hagen Brad , Strain Laurel A. 
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉCette étude visait à évaluer l’incidence de placement dans un établissement de soins de longue durée (SLD) et d’identifier les facteurs prédictifs de placement résidentiel et d’installation parmi résidents âgés dans établissements aidant à la vie autonome en Alberta, au Canada. 1,086 résidents de 59 installations en Alberta ont été inclus. Infirmières de recherche ont effectué des évaluations de résidents interRAI-AL et ont interrogé les aidants familiaux et les administrateurs. Les prédicteurs de placement ont été identifiés avec des modèles de risques proportionnels de Cox multivariés. L’incidence cumulative SLD de l’admission était de 18,3 pour cent en 12 mois. Le risque de placement a augmenté significativement pour les résidents âgés et ceux avec des relations sociales médiocres, peu d’implication dans les activités, la dépreciation cognitive et/ou fonctionnelle, l’instabilité de la santé,une histoire des chutes et des hospitalisations récentes/visites à l’urgence, et l’incontinence urinaire sévère. Une diminution du risque de placement a été montré pour les résidents de grandes établissements avec une infirmière autorisée et/ou une infirmière auxiliaire autorisée disponible 24 heures par jour et un médecin de premier recours affilié. Nos résultats font ressortir les domaines cliniques et politiques ou des interventions ciblées peuvent retarder les admissions SLD.
Negotiating Vulnerabilities: How Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions Interact with Physicians
Authors: Clarke Laura Hurd , Bennett Erica V. , Korotchenko Alexandra 
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉLa littérature concernant les interactions entre les patients et les médecins a largement ignoré les points de vue des personnes âgées souffrant de comorbidités multiples. Cette étude, avec des données recueillies à partir d’entretiens approfondis avec 16 hommes et 19 femmes qui ont eu une moyenne de six affections chroniques, a porté sur la façon dont les participants ont perçus et vécus les soins fournis par leurs médecins de soins primaires. Les participants ont suggéré que les médecins qui soignent les patients atteints de maladies chroniques multiples devraient être minutieux, prête à “gate-keeping,” fiables et ouvert à différents styles de prise de décision. Cependant, nombreux participants à l’étude ont perçu qu’ils recevaient des soins inadéquats en raison de faiblesses personnelles de leurs médecins, les contraintes de consultations médicales, et l’âgisme sociétal. Par conséquent, beaucoup de participants, surtout les femmes, ont utilisé des diverses stratégies pour maximiser les soins reçus et pour gérer les impressions des médecins à leur egard comme dignes patients. Nos résultats suggèrent que les patients âgés atteints de morbidités multiples perçoivent que leur besoins de santé ne sont pas suffisamment satisfaits.
Does information about the pension system affect knowledge and retirement plans? Evidence from a survey experiment
Authors: FINSERAAS HENNING , JAKOBSSON NIKLAS 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe present the results of a survey experiment where the treatment group was provided with an information brochure regarding recently implemented changes in the Norwegian pension system, whereas a control group was not. We find that those who received the information are more likely to respond correctly to questions regarding the new pension system. The information effect is larger for those with high education, but only for the most complex aspect of the reform. Despite greater knowledge of the reform in the treatment group, we find no differences between the treatment and control group in their preferences regarding when to retire or whether to combine work and pension uptake.
Developing relationships: A strategy for compassionate nursing care of the dying in Japan
Authors: Shimoinaba Kaori , O'Connor Margaret , Lee Susan , Kissane David 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to explore the type of relationship and the process of developing these relationships between nurses and patients in palliative care units in Japan. The special contribution that culture makes was examined to better understand the intensity of nurses’ grief after the death of their patient.Methods:Thirteen Japanese registered nurses currently practicing in palliative care units were interviewed between July 2006 to June 2009. Theoretical sampling was utilised and the data were analysed using grounded theory methodology. Constant comparison was undertaken during coding processes until data saturation was achieved.Results:Significant cultural influences emerged both in the type of relationship nurses formed with patients and in the way they developed relationships. The type of relationship was termed ‘human-to-human’, meaning truly interpersonal. The cultural values of ‘Uchi (inside) and Soto (outside)’ have particular implications for the relationship. Four actions Being open, Trying to understand, Devoting time and energy, and Applying a primary nurse role, were identified as strategies for nurses to develop such relationships. The quality of this deeply committed encounter with patients caused nurses to grieve following patients’ death.Significance of results:Culture is a major influence upon the reasons, complexities, and impact that lie behind nurses’ behaviours. Attention is needed to support nurses to sustain a fundamental caring quality in their relationships with patients.