bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recrystallization Kinetics of 3C Silicon Carbide Implanted with 400 keV Cesium Ions
Authors: Osterberg Daniel D. , Youngsman John , Ubic Rick , Reimanis Ivar E. , Butt Darryl P. 
Published: July 2013

Polycrystalline 3C silicon carbide (SiC) was implanted at room temperature with 400 keV cesium ions to a dose of 1016 ions/cm2. The samples were annealed at 600°C–1000°C for times up to 48 h to observe changes in the implantation zone crystallinity and density. The implanted regions were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) before and after annealing. It is shown that the implantation resulted in a 217 ± 2 nm amorphous region with microstructural damage extending to ~250 nm below the surface. Recrystallization of the amorphous region was observed to begin at 725°C. Densification was determined indirectly through changes in the measured implantation zone thickness. Measurable thickness, or densification, of the implanted region was not observed until temperatures greater than ~800°C. The SiC recrystallization began at the interface between the amorphous, damaged region, and the underlying polycrystalline material. Image analysis was used to quantify the fraction of crystalline phase as a function of time and temperature. The recrystallization kinetics exhibited Arrhenius dependency with an apparent activation energy of 480 kJ/mol. SIMS demonstrated that 60%–70% of the cesium was retained within the recrystallized microstructure after thermal annealing.
Nano–Nano Composite Powders of Lanthanum Zirconate and Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia by Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Jiang Kuo , Liu Songbai , Li Chuanchao 
Published: July 2013

Powders composing of La2Zr2O7 (LZ) and (Zr0.8Y0.2)O1.9 (10YSZ) phases (volume ratio = 1:1) were synthesized by using a sol‐spray pyrolysis method. The effects of annealing temperature on the grain size and lattice parameter of the LZ–10YSZ powders were investigated. XRD results showed that the grain size of LZ and 10YSZ phases gradually grew from 10 to 95 nm and from 5 to 65 nm as the annealing temperature elevated from 900°C to 1200°C. The relative decreasing percentage of grain size comparing to that of the single‐phase LZ and 10YSZ powders were in the range 9%–36% and 37%–86%. The activation energy for grain growth of LZ and 10YSZ phases in the composite powders were 225 ± 12 and 382 ± 17 kJ/mol, which were 20% and 183% higher than that of the single‐phase counterparts. Obvious lattice contraction and lattice expansion for LZ and 10YSZ phases were observed at temperatures below 1100°C, respectively. SEM results revealed that LZ and 10YSZ phases were homogeneously distributed in the sintered bulk. The TEM results suggested that the grain growth was affected by the interaction on nanometer length scales of grain boundaries between LZ and 10YSZ phases in the composite.
Er3+ ‐Doped Y2O3 Nanophosphors for Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Bioimaging Applications
Authors: Venkatachalam Nallusamy , Yamano Tomoyoshi , Hemmer Eva , Hyodo Hiroshi , Kishimoto Hidehiro , Soga Kohei 
Published: July 2013

Rare‐earth‐doped ceramic nanophosphor (RED‐CNP) materials are promising near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence bioimaging (FBI) agents that can overcome problems of currently used organic dyes including photobleaching, phototoxicity, and light scattering. Here, we report a NIR–NIR bioimaging system by using NIR emission at 1550 nm under 980 nm excitation which can allow a deeper penetration depth into biological tissues than ultraviolet or visible light excitation. In this study, erbium‐doped yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Er3+:Y2O3) with an average particle size of 100 and 500 nm were synthesized by surfactant‐assisted homogeneous precipitation method. NIR emission properties of Er3+:Y2O3 were investigated under 980 nm excitation. The surface of Er3+:Y2O3 was electrostatically PEGylated using poly (ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(acrylic acid) (PEG‐b‐PAAc) block copolymer to improve the chemical durability and dispersion stability of Er3+:Y2O3 under physiological conditions. In vitro cytotoxic effects of bare and PEG‐b‐PAAc‐modified Er3+:Y2O3 were investigated by incubation with mouse macrophage cells (J774). Microscopic and macroscopic FBI were demonstrated in vivo by injection of bare or PEG‐b‐PAAc‐modified Er3+:Y2O3 into C57BL/6 mice. The NIR fluorescence images showed that PEG‐b‐PAAc modification significantly reduced the agglomeration of Er3+:Y2O3 in mice and enhanced the distribution of Er3+:Y2O3.
An integrative review of the factors influencing new graduate nurse engagement in interprofessional collaboration
Authors: Pfaff Kathryn , Baxter Pamela , Jack Susan , Ploeg Jenny 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo analyse critically the barriers and facilitators to new graduate nurse engagement in interprofessional collaboration.BackgroundThe acculturation of new graduate nurses must be considered in strategies that address the global nursing shortage. Interprofessional collaboration may support the transition and retention of new graduate nurses.DesignWhittemore and Knafl's revised framework for integrative reviews guided the analysis.Data sourcesA comprehensive multi‐step search (published 2000–2012) of the North American interprofessional collaboration and new graduate literature indexed in the CINAHL, Proquest, Pubmed, PsychINFO and Cochrane databases was performed. A sample of 26 research and non‐research reports met the inclusion criteria.Review methodsAll 26 articles were included in the review. A systematic and iterative approach was used to extract and reduce the data to draw conclusions.ResultsThe analysis revealed several barriers and facilitators to new graduate engagement in interprofessional collaboration. These factors exist at the individual, team and organizational levels and are largely consistent with conceptual and empirical analyses of interprofessional collaboration conducted in other populations. However, knowledge and critical thinking emerged as factors not identified in previous analyses.ConclusionDespite a weak‐to‐moderate literature sample, this review suggests implications for team and organizational development, education and research that may support new graduate nurse engagement in IPC.
Slug promoted vasculogenic mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sun Dan , Sun Baocun , Liu Tieju , Zhao Xiulan , Che Na , Gu Qiang , Dong Xueyi , Yao Zhi , Li Rui , Li Jing , Chi Jiadong , Sun Ran 
Published: July 2013

AbstractVasculogenic mimicry (VM) refers to the unique capability of aggressive tumour cells to mimic the pattern of embryonic vasculogenic networks. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator slug have been implicated in the tumour invasion and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the relationship between slug and VM formation is not clear. In the study, we demonstrated that slug expression was associated with EMT and cancer stem cell (CSCs) phenotype in HCC patients. Importantly, slug showed statistically correlation with VM formation. We consistently demonstrated that an overexpression of slug in HCC cells significantly increased CSCs subpopulation that was obvious by the increased clone forming efficiency in soft agar and by flowcytometry analysis. Meantime, the VM formation and VM mediator overexpression were also induced by slug induction. Finally, slug overexpression lead to the maintenance of CSCs phenotype and VM formation was demonstrated in vivo. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that slug induced the increase and maintenance of CSCs subpopulation and contributed to VM formation eventually. The related molecular pathways may be used as novel therapeutic targets for the inhibition of HCC angiogenesis and metastasis.
Combining Molecular Data with Classical Morphology for Uncultured Phagotrophic Euglenids (Excavata): A Single‐Cell Approach
Authors: Lax Gordon , Simpson Alastair G. B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPhagotrophic euglenids are one of the most diverse and important forms of heterotrophic flagellates in sediment systems, and are key to understanding the evolution of photosynthetic euglenids and ‘primary osmotrophs’, yet relatively little is known about their biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships. A wealth of light microscopy‐based information is available, but little progress has been made in associating this with molecular sequence data. We established a protocol to obtain light microscopy data and molecular data from single euglenid cells isolated from environmental samples. Individual cells from freshwater and marine benthic samples were isolated and rinsed by micropipetting, documented using high‐resolution photomicroscopy, then subjected to single‐cell nested PCR using taxon‐specific primers in combination with universal eukaryotic primers, generating > 75% or full‐length SSU rDNA sequences. As a proof‐of‐principle eight individuals were characterised and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Many of these cells were identified as Anisonema or Dinema, and grouped with existing sequences assigned to these taxa, and with a ‘Peranema sp.’ sequence that we could now clearly demonstrate was misidentified or misannotated. Another cell is Heteronema c.f. exaratum, the first ‘skidding heteronemid’ for which sequence data are available. This is not closely related to Heteronema scaphurum, and intriguingly, branches as the sister group to primary osmotrophs. A cell similar to Ploeotia vitrea (the type of this genus), shows no particular phylogenetic affinity to Ploeotia costata, the best studied Ploeotia species. Our experimental protocol provides a useful starting point for future analyses on euglenid biodiversity (including environmental sequence surveys), and their evolution and systematics.
Amyloid precursor proteins are constituents of the presynaptic active zone
Authors: Laßek Melanie , Weingarten Jens , Einsfelder Ulf , Brendel Peter , Müller Ulrike , Volknandt Walter 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its mammalian homologs, APLP1, APLP2, have been allocated to an organellar pool residing in the Golgi apparatus and in endosomal compartments, and in its mature form to a cell surface‐localized pool. In the brain, all APPs are restricted to neurons; however, their precise localization at the plasma membrane remained enigmatic. Employing a variety of subcellular fractionation steps, we isolated two synaptic vesicle (SV) pools from rat and mouse brain, a pool consisting of synaptic vesicles only and a pool comprising SV docked to the presynaptic plasma membrane. Immunopurification of these two pools using a monoclonal antibody directed against the 12 membrane span synaptic vesicle protein2 (SV2) demonstrated unambiguously that APP, APLP1 and APLP2 are constituents of the active zone of murine brain but essentially absent from free synaptic vesicles. The specificity of immunodetection was confirmed by analyzing the respective knock‐out animals. The fractionation experiments further revealed that APP is accumulated in the fraction containing docked synaptic vesicles. These data present novel insights into the subsynaptic localization of APPs and are a prerequisite for unraveling the physiological role of all mature APP proteins in synaptic physiology.
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We deciphered the precise subcellular localization of APP at the nerve terminal. We demonstrate that APP and its family members, APLP1 and APLP2, are constituents of the presynaptic active zone, albeit virtually absent in synaptic vesicles (SV). Our findings open new avenues for understanding the physiological role of the mature APP proteins at synaptic contacts, implying a function in the physiology of neurotransmitter release.
Functioning assessment vs. conventional medical assessment: a comparative study on health professionals' clinical decision‐making and the fit with patient's own perspective of health
Authors: Stallinga Hillegonda A , Roodbol Petrie F , Annema Coby , Jansen Gerard J , Wynia Klaske 
Published: July 2013

Aims and objectivesTo compare a functioning assessment based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) with a conventional medical assessment, in terms of their respective consequences for health professionals' clinical decision‐making and the fit with patient's own perspective of health.BackgroundIn chronic diseases, pathogenic‐oriented health care falls short in generating all the information required for determining healthcare provision to improve health. A broader, so‐called salutogenic approach, by using the ICF, focusing on how to stay healthy, rather than on what causes diseases, seems more appropriate.DesignA cross‐sectional comparative study using data from a randomised controlled trial.MethodsData about patient problems and professional healthcare activities were collected from a total of 81 patients with severe multiple sclerosis who were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the ICF group, assessed with a functioning assessment (n = 43), and the medical group, assessed with a conventional medical assessment (n = 38). Data were analysed statistically using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsA functioning assessment resulted in the registration of significantly more patient problems in the health components ‘participation’ and ‘environmental factors’, as well as significantly more professional healthcare activities befitting these components. The ICF group had a significant positive correlation between registered problems by health professionals and patients' self‐reported problems, whereas the medical group had several negative correlations.ConclusionA functioning assessment resulted in a care plan that not only was broader and more complete but also reflected the patients' self‐reported problems more closely than a medical assessment, without a loss of focus on medical problems.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study has shown that some health problems remain unnoticed by a medical assessment alone, which is especially important for the chronically ill. A functioning assessment provides a strong foundation for identifying all relevant information related to health.
Achieving success in intervention studies: an analysis of variable staff engagement across three midwifery settings
Authors: Henderson Amanda , Schoonbeek Sue , Ossenberg Christine , Caddick Alison , Wing Diane , Capell Lorna , Gould Karen 
Published: July 2013

Aims and objectivesTo critically analyse the success of staff's behaviour changes in the practice setting. Facilitators were employed to initiate and facilitate a four‐step process (optimism, overcoming obstacles, oversight and reinforcing outcomes) that fostered development of behaviours consistent with learning in everyday practice.BackgroundMany studies seek to engage staff in workplace behaviour improvement. The success of such studies is highly variable. Little is known about the work of the facilitator in ensuring success. Understanding the contextual factors that contribute to effective facilitation of workplace improvement is essential to ensure best use of resources.DesignMixed methodsMethodsFacilitators employed a four‐step process – optimism, overcoming obstacles, oversight and reinforcing outcomes – to stage behaviour change implementation. The analysis of staff engagement in behaviour changes was assessed through weekly observation of workplaces, informal discussions with staff and facilitator diaries. The impact of behaviour change was informed through pre‐ and postsurveys on staff's perception across three midwifery sites. Surveys measured (1) midwives' perception of support for their role in facilitating learning (Support Instrument for Nurses Facilitating the Learning of Others) and (2) development of a learning culture in midwifery practice settings (Clinical Learning Organisational Culture Survey). Midwives across three sites completed the presurvey (n = 216) and postsurvey (n = 90).ResultsImpact varied according to the degree that facilitators were able to progress teams through four stages necessary for change (OOORO). Statistically significant results were apparent in two subscales important for supporting staff, namely teamwork and acknowledgement; in the two areas, facilitators worked through ‘obstacles’ and coached staff in performing the desired behaviours and rewarded them for their success. Elements of the learning culture also statistically improved in one site.ConclusionsFindings suggest behaviour change success is dependent on facilitators to systematically engage staff through all four stages of implementation.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is important that investment is made to commitment and resources to all four stages before embarking on change processes.
Determination of vaccination status of pregnant women during pregnancy and the affecting factors
Authors: Celikel Aysegul , Ustunsoz Ayfer , Guvenc Gulten 
Published: July 2013

Aims and objectivesTo determine the vaccination status of pregnant women during pregnancy and factors affecting their vaccination.BackgroundImmunisation provided through vaccination is one of the most effective ways to reduce or prevent the risks of disease, disability and death. Maternal and newborn health may be protected and morbidity may be decreased through vaccinating pregnant women when necessary.DesignThis was a descriptive and cross‐sectional survey.MethodsThis study was conducted in a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey, between 01 March and 31 May 2010. The study was carried out with 198 healthy pregnant women who had completed the 26th week of gestation. Data were collected using the data collection form composed of questions enquiring about the demographic and obstetric features of pregnant women and whether or not they knew that vaccinations could be given during pregnancy, and which vaccines could be used during pregnancy, which vaccine/vaccines they had previously received and the reasons for having been vaccinated or not.ResultsApproximately half of the participants had received at least one of the vaccines that may be used in pregnancy (52·0%). The pregnant women received vaccinations for tetanus (47·0%), H1N1 (9·1%), seasonal influenza (3·0%) and hepatitis B (0·5%), respectively. The pregnant women who had been educated about vaccinations had been vaccinated at a statistically significantly higher rate compared with those who had not.ConclusionThis study revealed that pregnant women's knowledge about the required vaccines during pregnancy affected their behaviour towards vaccination. Acquiring knowledge about vaccines that may be used during pregnancy from health personnel is effective to increase vaccination. This result may be interpreted as ‘acquired information affects behaviour towards vaccination’.Relevance to clinical practiceProviding information about immunisation to pregnant women at the antenatal clinic is important in terms of maternal and newborn health. Nurses and midwives working in the antenatal field should be sufficiently educated about immunisation.
Radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs) content in human placenta after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident
Authors: Suzuki Makoto , Terada Hiroshi , Unno Nobuya , Yamaguchi Ichiro , Kunugita Naoki , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAim The degree of contamination with radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs) in the human placenta after the accident at Fukushima nuclear power plant (FNP), which occurred on 11 March 2011, has not been assessed.Material and Methods 134Cs and 137Cs contents were determined in 10 placentas from 10 women who gave birth to term singleton infants during the period between October 2011 and August 2012 using high‐purity germanium detectors for gamma ray spectrometry. Five women resided within 50 km of FNP (neighbor group) and gave birth by the end of February 2012, while the other five women resided within 210–290 km of FNP (distant group) and gave birth in July and August 2012.Results All except one of the 10 placentas contained detectable levels of 134Cs and 137Cs, ranging 0.042–0.742 Bq/kg for 134Cs and 0.078–0.922 Bq/kg for 137Cs. One placenta from a woman living in Tokyo contained 0.109 Bq/kg 137Cs and no detectable level of 134Cs (<0.054 Bq/kg). 137Cs content was more than 0.2 Bq/kg in four and one placentas in the neighbor and distant groups, respectively.Conclusion Degree of contamination of the placenta with radioactive Cs was lower even in women who resided within 50 km of FNP compared to Japanese and Canadian placentas in the mid‐1960s after repeated nuclear tests and in northern Italian placentas from 1986–1987 after the Chernobyl power plant accident.
Long‐term disease‐free survival in a patient with cerebral recurrence from adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube
Authors: Shimada Chisa , Todo Yukiharu , Minobe Shinichiro , Okamoto Kazuhira , Kato Hidenori 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCerebral recurrence from Müllerian cancer is a rare event and prognosis of patients with such a condition is poor. We report a case of cerebral recurrence from International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification stage IV tubal cancer presenting with inguinal lymphadenopathy. The patient achieved more than 7 years' disease‐free survival after irradiation to the brain despite the inauspicious event. The present case had a rare clinical course in terms of primary site, primary symptom, failure site, and clinical outcome. Patients with brain metastasis from Müllerian cancer have a chance for long‐term survival under specified circumstances, such as solitary metastasis, no extracranial metastasis, no recurrence preceding brain metastasis and small tumor size.
Uptake of hepatitis C treatment among people who inject drugs attending Needle and Syringe Programs in Australia, 1999–2011
Authors: Iversen J. , Grebely J. , Topp L. , Wand H. , Dore G. , Maher L. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe majority of new and existing cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection occur among people who inject drugs (PWID). Despite safe and efficacious HCV antiviral therapy, uptake remains low in this population. This study examined trends in HCV treatment uptake among a large national sample of PWID attending Australian Needle and Syringe Programs between 1999 and 2011. Annual cross‐sectional sero‐surveys conducted among PWID since 1995 involve completion of a self‐administered questionnaire and provision of a dried blood spot for HCV antibody testing. Multivariate logistic regression identified variables independently associated with HCV treatment uptake among 9478 participants with both self‐reported and serologically confirmed prior HCV infection. Between 1999 and 2011, the proportion currently receiving treatment increased from 1.1% to 2.1% (P < 0.001), while the proportion having ever received treatment increased from 3.4% to 8.6% (P < 0.001). Men were significantly more likely than women to have undertaken HCV treatment (P = 0.002). Among men, independent predictors of HCV treatment uptake were homosexual identity and older age; among women, independent predictors included homosexual identity and an incarceration history. Despite increases in HCV treatment among Australian PWID between 1999 and 2011, uptake remains low. Strategies are required to increase the proportion of PWID assessed and treated for HCV infection to address the increasing burden of disease. Specific approaches that target women may also be warranted. Continued surveillance of HCV treatment uptake among PWID will be important to monitor the roll‐out of simple, safe and more effective HCV treatments expected to be available in the future.