bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucin histochemistry of stomach in metaplasia and adenocarcinoma: An observation
Authors: Mandal Prakas Kumar , Chakrabarti Sudipta , Ray Amit , Chattopadhyay Bitan , Das Shikha 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: There is a variable pattern of occurrence of gastric carcinomas world-wide, partially reflecting the frequency of various changes of gastric mucosa from, which such neoplasm occur. Many cases of gastric carcinoma originate in the background of chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori. Subsequent intestinal metaplasia (IM) can be morphologically classified by routine and special histopathological stains. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted over the 2 years at NRSMC & H, Kolkata. Aims of the present study were to search for evidences of H. pylori infection, classification of different metaplastic and/or malignant changes, identification of types of mucin by mucin histochemistry and their interrelationship in gastrectomy and gastric biopsy specimens (total 70). After obtaining clinical history, radiological and endoscopic findings were noted. After macroscopic study of the specimen, hematoxylene and eosin, southgate mucicarmine, periodic acid schiff-alcian blue (PAS-AB) and gomori aldehyde fuchsin (GAF)/AB staining were performed to classify gastric carcinoma and metaplastic changes and to correlate with staining patterns of mucin. Results: The overall male to female ratio was 2.89:1. Age ranged from 22 years to 78 years and the commonest age group of gastric carcinomas being 41-50 years (26 cases, 37.1%). Gastric adenocarcinoma was found in 61 (87.1%) cases (22.9% were of intestinal type and 77.1% of diffuse type) and only IM was found in 9 (12.9%) cases. Overall the rapid urease test was positive in 18 (25.7%) cases majority of which showing either pure IM or IM associated with intestinal type of gastric carcinoma. All diffuse types of gastric carcinoma (47 cases, 77.1%) were showed PAS positive staining (indicating neutral mucin) whereas in 15 (65.2%) cases of IM columnar cells stained with AB (representing acidic mucin). GAF/AB stain revealed Type II IM in 10 (43.5%) cases and Type III IM in 4 (17.4%) cases. Conclusion: Routine and special histological staining is particularly useful for histological subtyping of gastric carcinomas and IMs.
Factors affecting wound complications in head and neck surgery: A prospective study
Authors: Chaukar Devendra A. , Deshmukh Anuja D. , Majeed Tanveer , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Pai Prathamesh , D′cruz Anil K. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Context: Head and neck surgeries are complex. Wound complications are associated with considerable morbidity and can result in delay in the adjuvant treatment. Identification of factors will help in formulating preventive guidelines. Aims: The aim of this study is to identify perioperative factors responsible for wound complications. Settings and Design: Prospective study of 186 head and neck patients. Subjects and Methods: Pre-operative, intraoperative and post-operative factors were recorded. Each patient was evaluated for minor and major wound complications twice daily during the hospital stay. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test was used for univariate and log regression test was used for multivariate analysis. Results: The overall wound complication rate was 29% with 7% major and 22% minor complications. On univariate analysis, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal location, advanced T stage, poor oral hygiene, clean-contaminated surgery, low Karnofsky performance status (KPS), flap reconstruction, blood loss more than 1000 ml, perioperative blood transfusion, duration of surgery greater than 4.3 h and post-operative hemoglobin lesser than 11 g%, post-operative tracheostomy and resection of mandible were statistical significant factors. On multivariate analysis, post-operative tracheostomy, low KPS, post-operative serum albumin less than 3.7 g/dl and duration of surgery greater than 4.3 h were significant factors. Conclusion : Apart from unavoidable factors, it is essential to take care of certain factors viz nutrition, haemoglobin, oral hygiene, asepsis and repeating antibiotics in prolonged surgery.
Comparison of granisetron plus dexamethasone versus an antiemetic cocktail containing midazolam and diphenhydramine for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in children
Authors: Emir Suna , Erturgut Pınar , Vidinlisan Sadi 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most disturbing side-effects in children receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. We aimed to assess whether the addition of an antiemetic cocktail containing midazolam and diphenhydramine to granisetron plus dexamethasone combination could ameliorate CINV in this study. Patients and Methods: A total of 23 children aged between 1 and 16 years to receive cisplatin containing chemotherapy in our clinic were included in this study from April 2007 to April 2008. 76 cycles in 23 patients were randomly assigned to receive either antiemetic regimen 1 or antiemetic regimen 2. Antiemetic regimen 1 containing granisetron 0, 04 mg/kg plus dexamethasone 0, 2 mg/kg were given in 45 chemotherapy cycles. In 31 cycles, an antiemetic cocktail containing midazolam 0, 04 mg/kg, diphenhyramine 2, 5 mg/-kg in addition to granisetron plus dexamethasone was given. Number of vomiting, severity of nausea, the use of rescue therapy and adverse events were assessed between day 1 and day 5. Results: Complete response for the acute phase was observed 38/45 (84, 4%) cycles in regimen 1 as compared with 28/31 (90, 3%) in regimen 2, antiemetic cocktail regimen (P > 0.05). Complete response for delayed emesis after 24 h of the beginning of chemotherapy was observed in 29/45 (64, 4 %) in regimen 1 and 16/31 (51, 6%) in regimen 2. Antiemetic cocktail was not superior to the granisetron plus dexamethasone combination in controlling emesis in acute and delayed phase. Furthermore, patients receiving antiemetic regimen 2 were noted significantly more side effects. Conclusion: Our data showed that antiemetic cocktail containing midazolam and diphenhydramine was not better in controlling acute and delayed emesis. A slightly more toxicity with additional drugs was also observed.
Surveillance and expected outcome of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents: An experience from Eastern India
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Ashis , Gangopadhyay Sudeshna , Dasgupta Swati , Paul Samrat , Mukhopadhyay Soma , Ray Ujjal Kanti 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Objective: Research in Eastern India especially among children and adolescents for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have not been well documented until recently when it was conducted at a cancer institute of tertiary care with primary objectives of examining and correlating different cell surface markers involved with respect to disease surveillance thereby highlighting it as a strong prognostic marker for future diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 consecutively selected ALL patients were diagnosed and treated according to National Cancer Institute protocol (MCP 841) for a period of 24-88 months during this hospital-based study. Results: Of the total, 50.4% had a higher incidence of T-ALL and 47.6% had pro-B, B-cell precursor ALL. Disease free survival and event free survival were remarkably higher in B-ALL adolescent patients as compared to T-ALL, who had significantly lower overall survival ratio. Prevalence of T-ALL was also observed in relapse cases for adolescent patients. Conclusions: We conclude that there is an increased prevalence of T-ALL among adolescents in Eastern India. Immunophenotypic analysis might help in proper evaluation and prediction of treatment outcomes with an increased thrust on studying age-specific incident rates enabling well planned future treatments for improved and better outcome.
Cyclin D1 expression in multiple myeloma by immunohistochemistry: Case series of 14 patients and literature review
Authors: Padhi Somanath , G’Boy Varghese Renu , Ramdas Anita 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: Cyclin D1 dysregulation is an early and unifying oncogenic event in patients of multiple myeloma (MM). This may be detected up to 30% cases by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and up to 40-50% cases by molecular studies. However, studies on the clinical significance of cyclin D1 dysregulation in MM have been inconclusive. We aimed to study the pattern of cyclin D1 expression in MM by IHC and correlate with selected clinicopathologic features. Materials and Methods: Formalin fixed, decalcified, bone marrow trephine sections from 14 symptomatic patients of MM (13 newly diagnosed and one relapsed) were subjected to cyclin D1 IHC by using a rabbit monoclonal antibody to cyclin D1 (clone EPR2241). Results: Cyclin D1 expression (in ≥10% tumor cell nuclei) was observed in 8 of 14 cases (57%). Cyclin D1 positive (+) group had significantly lower hemoglobin level (P = 0.03) than cyclin D1 negative (−) group (n = 6); though both groups showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05) in regard to age, gender, Durie and Salmon stage, lytic bone lesions, light chain phenotype, creatinine, calcium, lactate dehydrogenase, leukocyte and platelet count and bone marrow histology. Ten of 14 (71.5%) showed a favorable response (follow-up; 7 days to 34 months) to thalidomide and/or bortezomib based chemotherapeutic regimen. Four of eight cyclin D1+ patients showed complete response, two had a partial response (PR) and two died of the disease; whereas 4/6 cyclin D1− patients had PR, one refused definitive therapy and one was lost to follow-up (P > 0.05, Fischer′s exact test). Conclusion: IHC may be a feasible tool for the demonstration of cyclin D1 expression on adequately processed trephine biopsy specimen in MM patients in a resource poor setting. Negative IHC results should be correlated with molecular techniques for prognostication.
Fanconi anemia presenting as an "evolving" acute leukemia-diagnostic challenges
Authors: Sinha Swasti , Bhargava Manorama 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by diverse congenital malformations, progressive pancytopenia and predisposition to both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. We report, a 14-year-old boy who presented with clinical features of aplastic anemia (AA). Subsequent bone marrow examination and multiparametric flowcytometric immunophenotyping revealed an evolving hypoplastic acute myeloid leukemia. Chromosomal breakage studies using clastogenic agent mitomycin C showed 88% stress induced chromosomal/chromatid breaks, gaps and rearrangements revealing an underlying FA. The case emphasizes upon the role of a systematic clinico-investigative approach in diagnosing such patients who by clinical criteria appear to have idiopathic AA and appear phenotypically normal. A timely and accurate diagnosis becomes vital in these cases to implement appropriate therapy.
Human immunodeficiency virus Infection in a patient of chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Tuljapurkar Vijay B. , Phatak Uday A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAssociation of Cancer and HIV infection is seen in practice. Commonly observed cancer in HIV infected patients are Non-Hodgkin′s Lymphoma, cervical cancer and Kaposi Sarcoma, Coexistent Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) and HIV infection are rare. We report a case where these two diseases were found in a patient and were treated with a single agent Hydroxyurea.
Cisplatin induced paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Raja Waseem , Mir M Hussain , Dar Imtiyaz , Banday Muzamil Ahmad , Ahmad Irfan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCisplatin or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) is the first member of a class of platinum-containing anti-cancer drugs that act by binding to and causing cross-linking of deoxyribonucleic acid, which ultimately triggers apoptosis. Cisplatin has a broad-spectrum antineoplastic activity against various types of human tumors. Unfortunately, the optimal usefulness of Cisplatin is limited secondary to its dose related toxicity especially nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin chemotherapy is also associated with cardiotoxic effects that may range from silent arrhythmias to heart failure and even sudden cardiac death. These effects are more pronounced when cisplatin is combined with other cardiotoxic drugs. Here, we report a case of patient of cancer lung who developed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia following administration of Cisplatin. A brief review of the literature follows.
Lobbying: Buying and Utilizing Access
Authors: Mayer Wolfgang , Mujumdar Sudesh 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper develops a lobbying-by-firms model that draws on a more realistic characterization of the lobbying process; influence-seeking requires both money to ‘buy access’ and managerial time to ‘utilize access’. This, more realistically grounded, modeling approach furnishes theoretical support for why one encounters different numbers of lobbying firms of varying sizes in different industries, without casting the (unrealistic) lifeline of the ‘money-buyspolicies’ assumption or (unrealistically) casting out the role of money from the lobbying process. Theoretical legs are also furnished for the empirical finding of a negative and statistically significant (at the 1% level) relationship between industry concentration and “direct lobbying” by the industry. Additional insights emerge from the model regarding how a cap on the lobbying-contributions of firms results, in fact, in an expansion of the amount of access-time purchased by some firms, and how a decline in the world price of an industry’s good can generate greater inequality in access to politicians.
Amide-Type Local Anesthetics and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Clinical Implications for Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Dregalla Ryan C. , Lyons Nicolette F. , Reischling Patrick D. , Centeno Christopher J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn the realm of regenerative medicine, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are gaining attention as a cell source for the repair and regeneration of tissues spanning an array of medical disciplines. In orthopedics, hMSCs are often delivered in a site-specific manner at the area of interest and may require the concurrent application of local anesthetics (LAs). To address the implications of using hMSCs in combination with anesthetics for intra-articular applications, we investigated the effect that clinically relevant doses of amide-type LAs have on the viability of bone marrow-derived hMSCs and began to characterize the mechanism of LA-induced hMSC death. In our study, culture-expanded hMSCs from three donors were exposed to the amide-type LAs ropivacaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, and mepivacaine. To replicate the physiological dilution of LAs once injected into the synovial capsule, each anesthetic was reduced to 12.5%, 25%, and 50% of the stock solution and incubated with each hMSC line for 40 minutes, 120 minutes, 360 minutes, and 24 hours. At each time point, cell viability assays were performed. We found that extended treatment with LAs for 24 hours had a significant impact on both hMSC viability and adhesion. In addition, hMSC treatment with three of the four anesthetics resulted in cell death via apoptosis following brief exposures. Ultimately, we concluded that amide-type LAs induce hMSC apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner that may threaten clinical outcomes, following a similar trend that has been established between these particular anesthetics and articular chondrocytes both in vitro and in vivo.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Mediate Aspergillus Hyphal Extract-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation by Inhibition of the Th17 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lathrop Melissa J. , Brooks Elice M. , Bonenfant Nick R. , Sokocevic Dino , Borg Zachary D. , Goodwin Meagan , Loi Roberto , Cruz Fernanda , Dunaway Chad W. , Steele Chad , Weiss Daniel J. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Systemic administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) suppresses airway inflammation and methacholine-induced airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in mouse models of T helper cell (Th) type 2-mediated eosinophilic allergic airway inflammation (AAI); however, the efficacy of MSCs in mouse models of severe Th17-mediated neutrophilic AAI has not yet been demonstrated. We assessed MSC effects in a mouse model of mixed Th2/Th17 AAI produced by mucosal exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus hyphal extract (AHE). Following sensitization produced by oropharyngeal AHE administration, systemic (tail vein) administration of syngeneic MSCs on the first day of challenge significantly reduced acute AHR predominantly through reduction of Th17-mediated airway inflammation. In parallel experiments, MSCs also mitigated AHR when administered during recurrent challenge 10 weeks after initial sensitization and challenge through reduction in systemic Th17-mediated inflammation. Investigation into potential mechanistic actions of MSCs in this model demonstrated that although T regulatory cells were increased in all AHE-treated mice, MSC administration did not alter T regulatory cell numbers in either the acute or recurrent model. Differential induction of interleukin-17a secretion was observed in ex vivo restimulation of mediastinal lymph node mixed-cell cytokine analyses. Although the mechanisms by which MSCs act to decrease inflammation and AHR in this model are not yet fully elucidated, decrease in Th17-mediated airway inflammation appears to play a significant role. These results provide a basis for further investigations of MSC administration as a potential therapeutic approach for severe refractory neutrophilic asthma.
Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Display Enhanced Clonogenicity but Impaired Differentiation With Hypoxic Preconditioning
Authors: Boyette Lisa B. , Creasey Olivia A. , Guzik Lynda , Lozito Thomas , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractStem cells are promising candidate cells for regenerative applications because they possess high proliferative capacity and the potential to differentiate into other cell types. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are easily sourced but do not retain their proliferative and multilineage differentiative capabilities after prolonged ex vivo propagation. We investigated the use of hypoxia as a preconditioning agent and in differentiating cultures to enhance MSC function. Culture in 5% ambient O2 consistently enhanced clonogenic potential of primary MSCs from all donors tested. We determined that enhanced clonogenicity was attributable to increased proliferation, increased vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, and increased matrix turnover. Hypoxia did not impact the incidence of cell death. Application of hypoxia to osteogenic cultures resulted in enhanced total mineral deposition, although this effect was detected only in MSCs preconditioned in normoxic conditions. Osteogenesis-associated genes were upregulated in hypoxia, and alkaline phosphatase activity was enhanced. Adipogenic differentiation was inhibited by exposure to hypoxia during differentiation. Chondrogenesis in three-dimensional pellet cultures was inhibited by preconditioning with hypoxia. However, in cultures expanded under normoxia, hypoxia applied during subsequent pellet culture enhanced chondrogenesis. Whereas hypoxic preconditioning appears to be an excellent way to expand a highly clonogenic progenitor pool, our findings suggest that it may blunt the differentiation potential of MSCs, compromising their utility for regenerative tissue engineering. Exposure to hypoxia during differentiation (post-normoxic expansion), however, appears to result in a greater quantity of functional osteoblasts and chondrocytes and ultimately a larger quantity of high-quality differentiated tissue.
Sea surface topography retrieved from GNSS reflectometry phase data of the GEOHALO flight mission
Authors: Semmling A. M. , Beckheinrich J. , Wickert J. , Beyerle G. , Schön S. , Fabra F. , Pflug H. , He K. , Schwabe J. , Scheinert M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSea surface topography observations are deduced from an airborne reflectometry experiment. A GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver dedicated for reflectometry was set up aboard the German HALO (High Altitude Long Range) research aircraft. Flights were conducted over the Mediterranean Sea about 3500 m above sea level. A signal path model divided into large‐ and small‐scale contributions is used for phase altimetry. The results depict geoid undulations and resolve anomalies of the sea surface topography. For the whole experiment 65 tracks over the Mediterranean Sea are retrieved and compared with a topography model. Tracks differ between right‐handed and left‐handed circular polarization. The difference, however, is not significant for this study. Precision and spatial resolution decrease disproportionately at low elevations. Eight tracks with centimeter precision are obtained between 11° and 33° of elevation. At higher elevation angles the number of tracks is significantly reduced due to surface roughness. In future such retrievals could contribute to ocean eddy detection.
The solar wind electric field does not control the dayside reconnection rate
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E. , Birn Joachim 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWorking toward a physical understanding of how solar wind/magnetosphere coupling works, four arguments are presented indicating that the solar wind electric field vsw × Bsw does not control the rate of reconnection between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. Those four arguments are (1) that the derived rate of dayside reconnection is not equal to solar wind electric field, (2) that electric field driver functions can be improved by a simple modification that disallows their interpretation as the solar wind electric field, (3) that the electric field in the magnetosheath is not equal to the electric field in the solar wind, and (4) that the magnetosphere can mass load and reduce the dayside reconnection rate without regard for the solar wind electric field. The data are more consistent with a coupling function based on local control of the reconnection rate than the Axford conjecture that reconnection is controlled by boundary conditions irrespective of local parameters. Physical arguments that the solar wind electric field controls dayside reconnection are absent; it is speculated that it is a coincidence that the electric field does so well at correlations with geomagnetic indices.
Stereoselective Addition of 1,3‐Diketones to β‐Nitroacrylates Catalyzed by Chiral Metal‐Free Bifunctional Catalysts
Authors: Massolo Elisabetta , Benaglia Maurizio , Palmieri Alessandro , Celentano Giuseppe 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOrganocatalytic stereoselective additions of different nucleophiles to β‐nitroacrylates have been investigated. A thiourea‐based cinchona‐derived bifunctional catalyst promotes the addition of 1,3‐diketones to differently substituted nitroacrylates in modest to fair yields and up to 93 % enantioselectivity. The 1,3 dicarbonyl functionality of the addition products was then used to synthesize enantiomerically enriched 3,4,5‐trialkyl substituted pyrazoles via reaction with hydrazine. The stereoselective addition of N‐methylindole to nitroacrylate was also preliminarily studied; the Friedel–Crafts alkylation was successfully organocatalyzed in the presence of an acid additive in very good yields and up to 53 % enantioselectivity.