bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making Myths and Policing Borders: NAASR and the Critical Study of Religion
Authors: Kelley Nicole 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This essay examines the evolving relationship between NAASR and the AAR, paying special attention to how the borders between NAASR and the AAR have been established and how they are patrolled. It discusses the stakes of the territorial dispute between the two organizations: symbolic capital in the form of institutional and intellectual prestige; and economic capital in the form of employment as teachers and researchers in colleges, universities, and related institutions.
A Modest Proposal on Method
Authors: McCutcheon Russell T. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper offers a diagnosis as to why NAASR’s identity has become more ambiguous over the past decade (i.e., the appropriation of postmodernism to authorize polemical positions) and offers a proposal on how the more precise definition of this journal’s key terms—method and theory—might assist the association to provide a hospitable home for two different groups of scholars who are equally alienated from the field’s dominant form.
Protective Parroting: A Rejoinder to Atalia Omer
Authors: Simmons K. Merinda 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Atalia Omer’s essay “In the Critic vs. Caretaker Dichotomy A Magic Dwells: Parroting McCutcheon, Policing ‘Religion’ (A Rejoinder to Merinda Simmons)” responds to my MTSR article “Regulating Identities: The Silences of Critical Caretaking.” In this rejoinder to her response, I answer to her main critiques of my article, and I suggest that her distinction between the academy and “the real world” is a problematic one that exempts, and thus protects, scholarship from critique.
The Prospects and Pitfalls of “Just-So” Storytelling in Evolutionary Accounts of Religion
Authors: Levy Gabriel 
Published: February 2014

AbstractI discuss problems importing evolutionary language into the study of religion. It is not impossible to do, but it is difficult to carry out properly in practice. I suggest five criteria for scholarship in the study of religion to amount to good science when incorporating such language. They are 1) avoiding just-so storytelling as much as possible 2) the requirement to add a compelling level of explanation beyond the historical narrative 3) clearly distinguishing between proximate and ultimate forms of causation and explanation, and favoring proximate causes where possible 4) addressing the specific content of religion directly as part of the narrative 5) being explicit about the genre of scholarship undertaken, whether science-writing, humanistic exploration, or some mix of the two. Wiebe and Martin’s arguments do not end up rising to the challenge that they themselves have instigated to have a truly scientific study of religion.
Getting on Each Other’s Nerves: Marking Territory and Policing Borders in Failure and Nerve in the Academic Study of Religion: Essays in Honor of Donald Wiebe
Authors: Wanner Kevin J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis review essay assesses the continued relevance of Donald Wiebe’s diagnosis of problems with and prescriptions for the academic study of religion, critically reviews some of the contributions to a recent collection of essays in honor of Wiebe, identifies some issues or problems that are left lingering by these contributions, and offers some tentative proposals for dealing with them.
The Rabbis and Prophecy
Authors: Neusner Jacob 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
To represent the Rabbis and their views, I cite stories and sayings that I claim characterize the canonical consensus. No contradictory findings on the fundamental issues taken up in the cited stories and sayings circulate. And a fair number of rulings confirm and reinforce the indicated conception. The upshot is simple. On fundamental issues, a coherent structure and system of theology and law sustains discourse of “the Rabbis” and “their position.” By “the Rabbis” therefore I mean the canonical consensus upon issues of law, theology, and hermeneutics of the late antique Rabbinic literature. Here I present evidence of the Rabbinic consensus on Prophecy. I cite passages that represent a common conviction—passages that do not conflict with other compositions on the same topic but that conform to a fundamental principle everywhere affirmed and nowhere contradicted. The result of this analysis is to show that the Rabbis made the heritage of ancient Israelite Prophecy their own by dismantling the Prophetic documents into bits and pieces of philological evidence. Scripture thus was treated as a collection of inert facts, sentence by sentence, available for service where and as required. Scripture lost its coherence and no longer conveyed the context in which to read complete passages. The Rabbis read the Prophetic record as a collection of random facts awaiting systematization within the Rabbinic program and only there.
Augustine’s Moulding of the Manichaean Idea of God in the Confessions
Authors: Fuhrer Therese 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The present study aims to ask whether Augustine utilised elements of Manichaean theology to give an account of and profile to the Nicene Christian doctrinal system. In the Confessions Augustine links his narrative of the encounter with the Manichaeans, right from the start, to an epistemologically grounded critique of their idea of God (conf. 3.10f.). Whereas the pagan myths can be assigned the function of referring to non-fictional and thus ‘true’ spheres of meaning, the motifs of Manichaean myth are empty forms (phantasmata) without any reference to reality, which they are supposed to explain. The paper argues that this anti-Manichaean critique of myth is the starting-point for a theory of knowledge of God which opposes the biblical imago dei to the Manichaean phantasmata and can thus be understood as having been conceptualised in opposition to Mani’s doctrine of God.
The Judicial Review Powers of the Presidency of the International Criminal Court: Safeguards for the Protection of Human Rights
Authors: Abtahi Hirad , Ogwuma Odo , Young Rebecca 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In view of the ten-year anniversary of the entry into force of the Rome Statute, this article examines the functions of a lesser-known organ of the Court – the Presidency. Focusing particularly on judicial review by the Presidency, which is grounded in administrative and human rights law, this article provides the first comprehensive account of its jurisprudence, depicting a dynamic and developing case law which embraces a wide variety of sources of international law. This article addresses the protection of fundamental human rights by analysing the decisions of the Presidency in the context of the detention of suspects, accused and detained witnesses, as well as the right to a fair trial with regard to the suspect and/or accused and victims’ representation.
Provisional Measures before the International Court of Justice
Authors: Uchkunova Inna 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The topic of provisional measures before the International Court of Justice has been relatively little explored in literature compared to other aspects of the Court’s procedure. It gained momentum particularly after its judgment in the LaGrand case where the Court clarified that its orders on interim protection are binding. This provoked renewed interest in the characteristics and effects of provisional measures. The present article discusses the traditional requirements for the indication of provisional measures, while also paying attention to one new requirement – that of plausibility of the protected rights – spelled out by the Court for the first time in the Belgium v. Senegal case.
The Sponsoring State’s ‘Obligation to Ensure’ in the Development of the International Seabed Area
Authors: Zhang Hui 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
At the request of the International Seabed Authority, in 2011 the Seabed Dispute Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea rendered its first Advisory Opinion: to clarify the ambiguous rules of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea concerning the obligations and liabilities of a sponsoring State in the development of the international seabed area. According to the Opinion, the sponsoring State’s ‘obligation to ensure’ is an obligation of conduct and due diligence; the sponsoring State should take necessary and appropriate measures to fulfill the obligation under its domestic legal system; obligations and liabilities shall apply equally to the developed and developing States; the sponsoring State could avoid strict liability and compensation when fulfilling its ‘obligation to ensure’ due to the due diligence nature of the obligation. In light of this new development in the law concerning the international seabed area, East Asian States should take measures to improve their legislation and administration accordingly.
Submissions to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf: The Practice of Developing States in Cases of Disputed and Unresolved Maritime Boundary Delimitations or Other Land or Maritime Disputes. Part Two
Authors: Kwiatkowska Barbara 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This is the second part of a two-part article surveying state practice regarding Disputed and Unresolved Maritime Boundary Delimitations or Other Land or Maritime Disputes under the Rules of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS). It reviews basic principles and the interpretation of the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention and the CLCS Rules. As the 2006 Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Award and the 2012 ITLOS Bangladesh v. Myanmar Judgment reaffirmed, the CLCS Recommendations must in no way prejudice existing and prospective boundary delimitations, nor must they prejudice other land or maritime disputes. All practical means of giving effect to such “without prejudice” principles are carefully analysed. Part One covers Latin America and the Wider Caribbean, Northeast and Southeast Asia, and the South Pacific. The present Part Two covers South Asia and the Middle East, East Africa-Indian Ocean, South Africa, West Africa and North Africa.
Turkish Nationals and the Right to Study in the European Union: A Progressive Interpretation
Authors: Hoogenboom Alexander 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This contribution has as its main aim to analyse the rights that a Turkish national can derive from EU law, and in particular the Ankara Agreement acquis, with a view to engage in a course of study in one of the Member States of the European Union. In that regard, it is argued that a progressive interpretation of the applicable legal regime supportive of free movement of students is both necessary and warranted as (greater) student mobility may contribute to a closer relationship between the peoples of the (Member States of the) EU and Turkey as well as the realisation of mutual economic benefits. Coupled with the fact that the Ankara acquis allows for broad room of interpretation, this point of departure is used as a springboard and justification for reading an extensive set of rights into the acquis, including a right of entry and residence for study purposes, equal treatment with host Member States as regards access to education and under certain circumstances rights of access to the labour market and/or equal treatment as regards study grants.
Concepts of Time and European Citizenship
Authors: Mantu Sandra 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The right of EU citizens to enjoy full social rights in their host Member State is closely related to their engagement in the performance of economic activities, as either workers, self-employed or service providers. Since the adoption of Directive 2004/38, length of residence has become an additional criterion for entitlement, in the absence of economic engagements. This article examines the implications of economic readings of time for the strengthening of social rights of all migrant EU citizens and questions the extent to which work time remains the main frame of reference for the legal construction of EU citizens and their rights.
Hospitality and Indonesian Migrant Workers
Authors: Sihombing Batara 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe custom of hospitality has been widely practiced by people since ancient times and is regarded as a sign of a civilized people. The Bible, and other ancient writings, record how hospitality was extended to strangers; that is, to people who were dislocated, displaced and alienated. Hospitality entails kind and generous treatment towards strangers allowing them to feel part of society, or the family. Currently, there are millions of Indonesian economic migrants employed overseas as domestic workers. These maids often face terrible abuse including cruelty, rape, little or no salary, even torture and death. Treatment of overseas domestic workers contrasts sharply with the welcoming hospitality of biblical times. This paper argues that an application of the biblical word in this area would create a more human working environment for the overseas domestic workers, extending God’s love to those in a desperate situation.
Migrants as Missionaries: The Case of Priscilla and Aquila
Authors: vanThanh Nguyen 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This paper argues that early Christian migration movements, whether stimulated by mission or caused by persecution, were historically a prime factor in the expansion of the Good News of Jesus Christ. The case of Priscilla and Aquila will demonstrate that migration and mission were closely connected. This Judean, Christ-believing couple, was constantly on the move for the cause of the gospel. They first settled in Rome, then were forced to migrate to Corinth because of the Edict of Claudius in 49 CE, relocated in Ephesus for the purpose of evangelization, and finally returned to Rome after Claudius’ death in 54 CE. Having experienced the trauma and travail of displacement, uprootedness, and continual migration, they knew the importance of being welcomed and providing hospitality to strangers. Consequently, an examination of this model immigrant couple can inspire every Christian who is on the move to become a potential missionary.
Homemade Mission, Universal Civilization: Friedrich Schleiermacher’s Theology of Mission
Authors: Zorgdrager Heleen E. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Though it is generally acknowledged that Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768–1836) was the first to put mission studies in the curriculum of theology, the contents of his theology of mission are not very well known. This article offers a careful reconstruction of his mission theology based on a gender-critical and postcolonial reading of the main sources, in particular Christian Ethics. Schleiermacher made a case for a family-based type of mission, closely linking mission activity to religious education. He favored an organic and grassroots approach to mission. By highlighting his upbringing in the Moravian mission-oriented community and by analyzing his reluctance to morally justify modern foreign missions, the author replies to recently voiced criticisms that Schleiermacher’s theology takes a colonialist stance and contributes to the export of a “cult of female domesticity”. His views on the superiority of Christian religion can be counterbalanced and modified by his actual theology of the missional encounter. The article proposes to retrospectively regard Schleiermacher as one of the first theologians who convincingly expressed the notion of a missional church which is as inclusive as possible.
Imagining Acupuncture: Images and the Early Westernization of Asian Medical Expertise
Authors: Bivins Roberta 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWhile an increasing number of studies have now examined the textual transmission of medical knowledge from one culture to another, less work has been done on the role and impact of medical images and image-making in knowledge transmission and reception. Here, drawing on the example of acupuncture, I assess the ‘translation’ of images, their adaptation in response to the visual norms and medical politics of the receiving culture, and their enduring effects on early responses to Chinese medical expertise and practices in Europe.
Newer Testaments? Tradition, Culture and the Expansion of ‘Scripture’ in Contemporary Africa
Authors: James Rob 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Scripture is a text designated to bear transcendent meaning. The text thus designated mediates the Transcendent Other for the believer. Since very early in the history of the Church, the Bible has fulfilled this role in Christianity. Now, there are indications that other texts, especially folklore, may begin to be used in a similar way to how the Bible is used. This paper explores such suggestions by seeing how they apply in the thought of various contemporary African theologians. Other texts and traditions do indeed seem to hold a similar status and there is one explicit call for traditional stories to be thought of as a ‘second canon.’ In the end, it seems unlikely we can use the term ‘scripture’ to describe these texts, although they are often used as such, or to mediate the transcendent in place of the Bible’s mediation.
“The One Who Calls in Grace”: Paul’s Rhetorical and Theological Identification with the Galatians
Authors: McFarland Orrey 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article explores an important link Paul makes between himself and the Galatians in Galatians 1: the connection between God’s calling the Galatians “in grace” (1:6) and the calling of Paul “through grace” (1:15). By describing his calling in the same language as the Galatians’, Paul presents himself, together with the Galatians, as one who has received grace in Christ: calling here designates foremost an act of divine creation in the Christ-event and only secondly a commissioning to a particular vocation. Paul’s and the Galatians’ stories thus become intertwined and mutually explicable as instantiations of the gospel Paul received. Accordingly, this rhetorical and theological identification with the Galatians more fully establishes how chapters 1-2 relate to 3-6: Paul’s autobiographical testimony of an unworthy Apostle who now preaches the gospel of God’s grace in Christ to his unworthy churches cannot be disentangled from his exposition and exegetical defense of that gospel.
Examination Report: The Polychromy of the Arch of Titus Menorah Relief
Authors: Piening Heinrich 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Between June 5 and 7, 2012, the menorah relief of the Arch of Titus in Rome was subjected to UV-VIS spectrometry analysis by the Arch of Titus Digital Restoration Project. This technical report details the methods by which UV-VIS-spectrometry of the menorah relief revealed traces of yellow ochre as a paint layer applied directly to the stone surface of a menorah arm and the front of the menorah base.
UV-VIS spectrometry is a non-destructive technique used to identify colorants. The surface to be examined is briefly illuminated by white light. From the reflected light this produces, the portion of white light that has been absorbed by the surface is calculated. The absorbed spectra are then compared with those in a special data library comprising about six thousand spectra of different art objects. Analysis of this data, and the characteristics of the spectra, show that the yellow pigment must have been cleaned and prepared thoroughly before use, and that it was applied as a first coat. Together this suggests that the menorah was originally painted yellow.
Science and “Race” In Solomon Yudovin’s Photographic Documentation of Russian Jewry, 1912–1914
Authors: Morris-Reich Amos 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
From the perspective of Central European developments in scientific photography, this article studies the photographs taken by Solomon Yudovin as part of S. An-sky’s ethnographic expedition to the Pale of Settlement between 1912 and 1914. The first part of the article argues that the scientific goals of the expedition demanded the introduction of photography less out of an inherent interest in the medium than out of the desire to employ advanced scientific techniques. The second part identifies various strains of scientific photography in Yudovin’s photographic practice. It shows that his photographs encompass both of what later came to be contrasted as racial photography and social documentation. Employing a comparative approach, and touching particularly on questions of Jewish visibility at the time and after the Holocaust, the third part of the article points to the specificity of photography as an indexical medium in this history.
Today Is Already Yesterday: The Glossa XX1 Architectural Project For The Italian Memorial In Block 21 At Auschwitz
Authors: Maestri Gregorio Carboni 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The architect of the proposed Glossa XX1 Architectural Project for the Italian Memorial in Block 21 at Auschwitz presents and elucidates the restorations it involves and its response to criticisms made by the director of the Auschwitz Museum.
The Problem of Meritefnut: A “God’s Wife” During the 25th–26th Dynasties
Authors: Pope Jeremy 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAt the beginning of the 20th century, a socle and hinge both inscribed for the “God’s Wife Meritefnut” appeared on the antiquities market in Upper Egypt. The inscription upon the hinge affiliated Meritefnut with three additional names from the era of Kushite rule: Shepenwepet, Pi(ankh)y, and Amenirdis. For more than a century, the woman dubbed by Kenneth Kitchen as “the mysterious Meryt-Tefnut” has remained unidentified, and the problems that she presents have never received more than a few sentences of discussion in the published literature to date. Yet the state of the evidence does not warrant resignation. Prosopographical analysis yields only five possible explanations for Meritefnut’s identity, and one of these explanations is considerably more tenable than the others. Moreover, every one of the available explanations challenges at least one widely-held assumption about the official protocol of the God’s Wife of Amun.
Les Asbāb an-nuzūl : une branche de la tradition prophétique
Authors: Tillschneider Hans-Thomas 
Published: February 2014

Résumé
Dans la littérature musulmane, les « asbāb an-nuzūl » prétendent déterminer les circonstances de la révélation des versets coraniques.
Cependant, quand on y regarde de près, on se rend compte que, d’une part la majorité des traditions dites « asbāb an-nuzūl » ne correspondent pas à cet effet, et qu’il existe d’autre part plusieurs types de ces traditions, d’où la nécessité d’établir une distinction entre elles en décrivant chaque type sur un plan synchronique.
En prenant en considération ces deux remarques, il serait possible de réécrire l’histoire de la tradition exégétique de l’islam.
Midrashic Influence on Islamic Folklore: The Case of Menstruation
Authors: Mazuz Haggai 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Islamic sources indicate that Muslims often sought to distance themselves from the Rabbinic Jewish laws of menstruation. A study of Islamic folklore on menstruation demonstrates that Muslim authors have adopted Jewish Midrashim on the subject, with certain alterations. In the following article, I will attempt to examine several Midrashic sources regarding menstruation that may have been absorbed into some Islamic sources. I will further seek to explain the differences between the Jewish and Islamic texts.