bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Scholar behind the Medal: Edward J. Dent (1876–1957) and the Politics of Music History
Authors: Fauser Annegret 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThis article engages with issues of musical historiography and politics – mainly in the 1930s and 1940s – through the example of Edward J. Dent, a towering figure of international musical and musicological life during that period. Dent's career was tightly interwoven with musical and musicological practice both in Britain and in the wider Western world. It offers a fascinating access point to European musical modernism on the one hand, and to mid-century concerns with the uses of music history on the other. In this article, I focus on these aspects of Dent's career and their intersections by exploring first Dent's involvement with the International Society for Contemporary Music, before turning to two further and closely related issues: Dent's scholarly work of that period – especially his turn to Handel – and his involvement in international cultural politics during the 1930s and 1940s.
Shorter intervals at peak SV vs.V̇O2max may yield high SV with less physiological stress
Authors: Colakoglu Muzaffer , Ozkaya Ozgur , Balci Gorkem Aybars , Yapicioglu Bulent 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether greater and sustainable stroke volume (SV) responses may be obtained by exercise intensities corresponding to peak SV (SVpeak) vs. maximal O2 consumption (), and short vs. long intervals (SI vs. LI). Nine moderate‐ to well‐trained male athletes competing at regional level specialists of cyclist, track and field volunteered to take part in the study (: 59.7 ± 7.4 mL·min−1·kg−1). Following familiarisation sessions, was determined, and then SVpeak was evaluated using exercise intensities at 40%–100% of by nitrous‐oxide rebreathing (N2ORB) method. Then each separate participant exercised wattages corresponding to individual and SVpeak during both SI (SI and SISVpeak) and LI (LI and LISVpeak) workouts on a cycle ergometer. Main results showed that both SI and SISVpeak yielded greater SV responses than LI and LISVpeak (p ≤ 0.05). Mean SV responses were greater in LISVpeak than in LI (p ≤ 0.05), but there was no statistical difference between SISVpeak and SI. However, there was significantly less physiological stress based on VO2, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate and rate of perceived exhaustion in SVpeak than in intensities (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, SV responses at exercise phases increased in the early stages and remain stable until the end of SI and SISVpeak workouts (p > 0.05), while they were gradually decreasing in LI and LISVpeak sessions (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, if the aim of a training session is to improve SVpeak with less physiological stress, SISVpeak seems a better alternative than other modalities tested in the present study.
Intrinsic square function characterizations of Musielak-Orlicz Hardy spaces
Authors: Liang Yiyu , Yang Dachun 
Published: October 2014

Let

φ
:

R

n

×
[
0
,
∞
)
→
[
0
,
∞
)

\varphi : \mathbb R^n\times [0,\infty )\to [0,\infty )

be such that

φ
(
x
,
⋅
)

\varphi (x,\cdot )

is an Orlicz function and

φ
(
⋅
,
t
)

\varphi (\cdot ,t)

is a Muckenhoupt

A
∞

(

R

n

)

A_\infty (\mathbb R^n)

weight uniformly in

t
t

. In this article, for any

α
∈
(
0
,
1
]

\alpha \in (0,1]

and

s
∈

Z

+

s\in \mathbb {Z}_+

, the authors establish the

s
s

-order intrinsic square function characterizations of

H

φ

(

R

n

)

H^{\varphi }(\mathbb R^n)

in terms of the intrinsic Lusin area function

S

α
,
s

S_{\alpha ,s}

, the intrinsic

g
g

-function

g

α
,
s

g_{\alpha ,s}

and the intrinsic

g

λ

∗

g_{\lambda }^*

-function

g

λ
,
α
,
s

∗

g^\ast _{\lambda , \alpha ,s}

with the best known range

λ
∈
(
2
+
2
(
α
+
s
)

/

n
,
∞
)

\lambda \in (2+2(\alpha +s)/n,\infty )

, which are defined via

L
i
p

α

(

R

n

)

\mathrm {Lip}_\alpha ({\mathbb R}^n)

functions supporting in the unit ball. A

φ
\varphi

-Carleson measure characterization of the Musielak-Orlicz Campanato space

L

φ
,
1
,
s

(

R

n

)

{\mathcal L}_{\varphi ,1,s}({\mathbb R}^n)

is also established via the intrinsic function. To obtain these characterizations, the authors first show that these

s
s

-order intrinsic square functions are pointwise comparable with those similar-looking

s
s

-order intrinsic square functions defined via

L
i
p

α

(

R

n

)

\mathrm {Lip}_\alpha ({\mathbb R}^n)

functions without compact supports, which when

s
=
0

s=0

was obtained by M. Wilson. All these characterizations of

H

φ

(

R

n

)

H^{\varphi }(\mathbb R^n)

, even when

s
=
0

s=0

,
\[

φ
(
x
,
t
)
:=
w
(
x
)

t
p

for\ all

t
∈
[
0
,
∞
)

and

x
∈

R

n

\varphi (x,t):=w(x)t^p\ \textrm {for\ all}\ t\in [0,\infty )\ \textrm {and}\ x\in {\mathbb R}^n

\]
with

p
∈
(
n

/

(
n
+
α
)
,
1
]

p\in (n/(n+\alpha ), 1]

and

w
∈

A

p
(
1
+
α

/

n
)

(

R

n

)

w\in A_{p(1+\alpha /n)}(\mathbb R^n)

, also essentially improve the known results.
First Report of Colletotrichum karstii Causing Anthracnose on Blueberry Leaves in Brazil
Authors: Rios J. A. , Pinho D. B. , Moreira W. R. , Pereira O. L. , Rodrigues F. A. 
Published: October 2014

Anthracnose or ripe rot of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) is caused predominantly by Colletotrichum fioriniae, which belongs to the C. acutatum complex since it has cylindrical conidia with both ends acute (2). In May 2013, an isolate typical of the C. boninense complex (cylindrical conidia with both ends rounded) (1) was obtained from leaves of southern highbush blueberry seedlings in a nursery located in the municipality of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The symptoms initially appear as circular, necrotic lesions 10 to 30 mm in diameter. At high humidity, lesions expand rapidly to cover the entire foliar surface, leading to severe defoliation of the seedlings. This disease occurred in 100% of the seedlings, causing serious losses in the nursery. A single-conidium culture was obtained on potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) medium followed by morphological and molecular characterization. This culture was deposited at the culture collection of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil (Accession No. COAD 1741). Conidia were cylindrical, aseptate, hyaline, rounded at both ends, and 11 to 16 μm (μ = 13) long and 5 to 6 μm (μ = 5.5) wide (n = 100). For the molecular characterization, sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and β-tubulin 2 (βt) regions were obtained and deposited in GenBank (KM055653 to KM055655). A search of the Q-bank Fungi database using the ITS, βt, and GAPDH sequences retrieved C. karstii with 100, 99, and 100% identities, respectively. Based on morphological and molecular data, the fungus was identified as C. karstii. To verify pathogenicity, 20 leaves from the upper branches of 1-m tall blueberry seedlings were inoculated with 6-mm-diameter plugs from a 7-day-old culture. PDA plugs were placed on the leaves of seedlings to serve as the control. Initially, seedlings were maintained at 25 ± 2°C in the dark. Thereafter, seedlings were covered with plastic bags and transferred to a greenhouse. Anthracnose symptoms on the leaves were observed at 5 days after inoculation. Seedlings from the control treatment remained symptomless. The fungus was re-isolated from the necrotic lesions, confirming Koch's postulates. C. karstii has a wide host range and in Brazil has been previously reported on Bombax aquaticum, Carica papaya, Eugenia uniflora, Malus domestica, and Mangifera indica (1,3,4). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. karstii causing anthracnose on the leaves of blueberry seedlings in Brazil or worldwide. Due to the high disease severity and intense defoliation of blueberry seedlings, this pathogen represents a new threat for nurseries. Therefore, control strategies should be investigated for this disease. References: (1) U. Damm et al. Stud. Mycol. 73:1, 2012. (2) U. Damm et al. Stud. Mycol. 73:37, 2012. (3) Lima et al. Plant Dis. 97:1248, 2014. (4) Velho et al. Plant Dis. 98:157, 2014.
First Report of Dickeya solani Causing Soft Rot in Imported Bulbs of Hyacinthus orientalis in China
Authors: Chen X. F. , Zhang H. L. , Chen J. 
Published: October 2014

A bacterial pathogen, Dickeya solani, emerged as a major threat to potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in Europe in 2004 and has spread to many potato-growing regions via international trade. In December 2013, soft rot symptoms were observed in hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) bulbs imported from the Netherlands into China at Ningbo Port. Diseased bulbs gave off an offensive odor. The base and internal parts of diseased bulbs rotted, and the margins of diseased tissues showed brown discoloration. Isolation on nutrient agar glucose (NAG) medium resulted in dominating colonies of characteristic “fried egg” morphology (1). One colony was chosen for further investigation and tentatively named “isolate 6165-3.” Under microscopic visualization after gram stain, the cells of isolate 6165-3 were gram-negative, motile, and rod shaped. The isolate was then identified as a member of genus Dickeya using the Biolog GN microplate. The 16S rRNA, recA, and dnaX sequences of isolate 6165-3 were subsequently determined and deposited in GenBank with accession numbers KM405240, KM405241, and KM405242, sharing 99% (16S rRNA), 100% (recA), and 100% (dnaX) nucleotide identity with those of known D. solani isolates, respectively. By this means, the isolate 6165-3 was identified as D. solani (1,2). To confirm the pathogenicity of the isolate, four plants each of 30-day-old hyacinth, 14-day-old potato, and 60-day-old moth orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis) were inoculated with suspensions of the isolate with a concentration of 108 CFU/ml in sterile water by stabbing. Plants were incubated in a climate chamber at 28°C during the day and 24°C during the night with a relative humidity of 93% and a photoperiod of 12/12 h. Plants inoculated with sterile water were included as negative controls. After 2 or 3 days, typical symptoms such as water-soaked lesions and soft rot developed around the inoculation point, while the negative controls remained symptomless. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re-isolating bacteria from lesions, which had identical sequence and morphology characters with the inoculated isolate. This is the first report of intercepted D. solani on hyacinth bulbs imported from the Netherlands into China, indicating that D. solani can spread via hyacinth. Further spread of the pathogen into potato production might lead to immeasurable economic consequences for China. References: (1) P. F. Sarris et al. New Dis. Rep. 24:21, 2011. (2) J. M. van der Wolf et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 64:768, 2014.
Quantification of GC-biased gene conversion in the human genome
Authors: Glémin Sylvain , Arndt Peter F. , Messer Philipp W. , Petrov Dmitri , Galtier Nicolas , Duret Laurent 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMany lines of evidence indicate GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC) has a major impact on the evolution of mammalian genomes. However, up to now, this process had not been properly quantified. In principle, the strength of gBGC can be measured from the analysis of derived allele frequency spectra. However, this approach is sensitive to a number of confounding factors. In particular, we show by simulations that the inference is pervasively affected by polymorphism polarization errors, especially at hypermutable sites, and spatial heterogeneity in gBGC strength. Here we propose a new method to quantify gBGC from DAF spectra, incorporating polarization errors and taking spatial heterogeneity into account. This method is very general in that it does not require any prior knowledge about the source of polarization errors and also provides information about mutation patterns. We apply this approach to human polymorphism data from the 1000 genomes project. We show that the strength of gBGC does not differ between hypermutable CpG sites and non-CpG sites, suggesting that in humans gBGC is not caused by the base-excision repair machinery. We further find that the impact of gBGC is concentrated primarily within recombination hotspots: genome-wide, the strength of gBGC is in the nearly neutral area, but 2% of the human genome is subject to strong gBGC, with population-scaled gBGC coefficients above 5. Given that the location of recombination hotspots evolves very rapidly, our analysis predicts that in the long term, a large fraction of the genome is affected by short episodes of strong gBGC.
Cotton WRKY1 Mediates the Plant Defense-to-Development Transition during Infection of Cotton byVerticillium dahliaeby ActivatingJASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN1Expression
Authors: Li Chao , He Xin , Luo Xiangyin , Xu Li , Liu Linlin , Min Ling , Jin Li , Zhu Longfu , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPlants have evolved an elaborate signaling network to ensure an appropriate level of immune response to meet the differing demands of developmental processes. Previous research has demonstrated that DELLA proteins physically interact with JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN1 (JAZ1) and dynamically regulate the interaction of the gibberellin (GA) and jasmonate (JA) signaling pathways. However, whether and how the JAZ1-DELLA regulatory node is regulated at the transcriptional level in plants under normal growth conditions or during pathogen infection is not known. Here, we demonstrate multiple functions of cotton (Gossypium barbadense) GbWRKY1 in the plant defense response and during development. Although GbWRKY1 expression is induced rapidly by methyl jasmonate and infection by Verticillium dahliae, our results show that GbWRKY1 is a negative regulator of the JA-mediated defense response and plant resistance to the pathogens Botrytis cinerea and V. dahliae. Under normal growth conditions, GbWRKY1-overexpressing lines displayed GA-associated phenotypes, including organ elongation and early flowering, coupled with the down-regulation of the putative targets of DELLA. We show that the GA-related phenotypes of GbWRKY1-overexpressing plants depend on the constitutive expression of Gossypium hirsutum GhJAZ1. We also show that GhJAZ1 can be transactivated by GbWRKY1 through TGAC core sequences, and the adjacent sequences of this binding site are essential for binding specificity and affinity to GbWRKY1, as revealed by dual-luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In summary, our data suggest that GbWRKY1 is a critical regulator mediating the plant defense-to-development transition during V. dahliae infection by activating JAZ1 expression.
Posttranslational Modifications of FERREDOXIN-NADP+ OXIDOREDUCTASE in Arabidopsis Chloroplasts
Authors: Lehtimäki Nina , Koskela Minna M. , Dahlström Käthe M. , Pakula Eveliina , Lintala Minna , Scholz Martin , Hippler Michael , Hanke Guy T. , Rokka Anne , Battchikova Natalia , Salminen Tiina A. , Mulo Paula 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Rapid responses of chloroplast metabolism and adjustments to photosynthetic machinery are of utmost importance for plants’ survival in a fluctuating environment. These changes may be achieved through posttranslational modifications of proteins, which are known to affect the activity, interactions, and localization of proteins. Recent studies have accumulated evidence about the crucial role of a multitude of modifications, including acetylation, methylation, and glycosylation, in the regulation of chloroplast proteins. Both of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf-type FERREDOXIN-NADP+ OXIDOREDUCTASE (FNR) isoforms, the key enzymes linking the light reactions of photosynthesis to carbon assimilation, exist as two distinct forms with different isoelectric points. We show that both AtFNR isoforms contain multiple alternative amino termini and undergo light-responsive addition of an acetyl group to the α-amino group of the amino-terminal amino acid of proteins, which causes the change in isoelectric point. Both isoforms were also found to contain acetylation of a conserved lysine residue near the active site, while no evidence for in vivo phosphorylation or glycosylation was detected. The dynamic, multilayer regulation of AtFNR exemplifies the complex regulatory network systems controlling chloroplast proteins by a range of posttranslational modifications, which continues to emerge as a novel area within photosynthesis research.
Who leads?
Authors: H Deacon Jonathan , A Harris Jacqueline , Worth Louise 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to engage with contemporary gender and entrepreneurship theories to gain insights into the division of labour, capitals and capacities and gendered identities within husband and wife heterosexual copreneurial businesses. This paper acknowledges copreneurship as a constituent sub group of research within family business and in doing so, the wider small business domain.Design/methodology/approach– A multiple exploratory interview approach was used, with data generated through face-to-face in-depth interviews and ethnographic participant – observer multi-setting observation. This approach provided exceedingly rich and detailed data, and thus insights into the complex relationships found within copreneurial businesses.Findings– The interviews generated a large amount of qualitative data, which were organised into themes through a process of recursive abstraction. Expelling the myth of the “male lead entrepreneur”, this study found that entrepreneurial identity and roles and responsibilities within a copreneurial business are shared and complementary, and are dependent upon the unique capacities and capitals of each partner. While there is evidence of duties that could be stereotypically described as either “men’s work or women’s work”, there was no apparent role tension between the partners. Thus, no partner’s contribution was deemed more valuable than the other.Originality/value– By examining the division of labour and unique value/contribution of both men and women within the copreneurial/familial relationship the stereotyped perception of the husband being the lead (male) entrepreneur is challenged in favour of the more complementary capacities, roles, responsibilities and, thus, value of each actor/participant.
A comparative study of reciprocity in international physician licensing
Authors: Pande Vivek 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the international mobility of physicians by comparing the regulations governing the practice of foreign physicians in the USA and eight other countries.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a comparative study of the regulations governing the practice of foreign physicians in eight countries: China, India, the Philippines, the UK, Germany, Denmark, Israel and Australia. Their requirements are then contrasted with the USA’s requirements for foreign physician licensure to evaluate the extent of reciprocity among these countries. We conclude the paper by outlining some recommendations to increase the international mobility of physicians in the future.

Findings
– The results indicate that licensure for US physicians to practice in the nations above ranges from impossible (India), to difficult (China), to moderately difficult (the UK, Germany and Denmark), to easy and completely reciprocal (Australia, Israel and the Philippines).

Originality/value
– The results and recommendations in this study are a valuable starting point for further research and policy changes that will ensure a more reciprocal relationship between the USA and other countries, in terms of opportunities for international medical practice.
Understanding the complexities of responding to child sex trafficking in Thailand and Cambodia
Authors: Davy Deanna 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The market in trafficked children bought and sold for sexual exploitation is one of the most inhumane transnational crimes that appear to have been facilitated by globalisation and its many effects, such as growing disparity in wealth between North and South. Child sex trafficking (CST) in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) is an extremely complex problem, deeply rooted in historical injustice, gender inequality and poverty. In addition to the complexities of the child trafficking issue, the organisations that seek to combat CST are themselves not always a united force and display their own internal and inter-agency complexities. The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the key complexities of responding to CST in Thailand and Cambodia.

Design/methodology/approach
– The methodology for this research consisted of 22 semi-structured interviews with anti-child trafficking experts in Thailand and Cambodia, in addition to field observations in various child sex tourism hubs in Southeast Asia.

Findings
– The complexities of the CST problem in Thailand and Cambodia are discussed as well as analysis of the internal and inter-agency barriers faced by the organisations that seek to combat CST. The research finds that, due to limitations in donor funding, anti-trafficking organisations face difficulties in effectively responding to all aspects of the CST problem. The recommendation is made for improved advocacy networking against this transnational crime. Recent success stories are highlighted.

Research limitations/implications
– The research for this paper involved semi-structured interviews with staff from non-government organisations and United Nations agencies, but not with government representatives. The lack of available data from Thai and Cambodian government representatives limits the ability of the researcher to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-trafficking organisations’ response to the child trafficking issue. Also lacking is the voice of child trafficking victims, the key beneficiaries of anti-trafficking organisations’ aid and advocacy efforts.

Originality/value
– There is an abundance of literature on the subject of CST but a dearth in scholarly literature on the subject of advocacy and policy responses to CST in Southeast Asia. This paper provides a valuable contribution the knowledge base on child trafficking by analysing both the complexities of the CST issue and the complexities, for anti-trafficking organisations, of effectively combating CST in the GMS.
Cherry picking
Authors: Hiilamo Heikki , Kangas Olli 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– In their income inequality theory (IIT), Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett posit that income inequality is at the heart of social “ills”. However, their critics argue that the hypothesis is biased and that “cherry picking” is used and support for the IIT is obtained by selecting a suitable sample of countries. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– With a sample of 127 countries, the authors study to what extent the correlation between income inequality and social “ills” varies among countries sampled by geography, religion and income level.

Findings
– The results of the analysis show that the strength and sometimes the direction of connections between inequality and social “ills” vary according to countries’ cultural background and historical legacies. The IIT is not a universal law. However, it is on a firmer footing than competing explanations.

Originality/value
– The results contribute both to material and methodological debate on consequences of income inequality.