bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HDR syndrome presented with nephrotic syndrome in a Chinese boy: A case report
Authors: Ma Li-Juan , Yang Wu , Zhang Hong-Wen 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
HDR syndrome is a rare genetic disease caused by variants in the GATA3 gene and is phenotypically defined by the triad of hypoparathyroidism (H), deafness (D), and renal disease (R). Renal disorders of HDR are mainly developmental abnormalities, although renal functional abnormalities can also be observed. Nephrotic syndrome or nephrotic-level proteinuria is rare in HDR syndrome. Here, we report a Chinese infant with HDR syndrome who presented with early-onset nephrotic syndrome. We suggest that variants in the GATA3 gene might be associated with nephrotic syndrome.
CASE SUMMARY
A 9-month-old boy was hospitalized with a complaint of diarrhea. Proteinuria was detected in the patient by routine testing for 3 days. No edema, oliguria, fever or abnormal urine color were observed. Routine urinary tests at a local hospital revealed proteinuria (protein 3 +) and microscopic hematuria (red blood cells 5-10/HP). The patient was born by cesarean delivery due to placental abruption at 35 weeks + 4 days of gestation. Intrauterine growth retardation was detected beginning at 6 months of gestation. His birth weight was 1.47 kg (< P3th), length was 39 cm (< P3th), and head circumference was 28 cm (< P3th). His motor developmental milestones were obviously delayed. Clinical data were analyzed, and genetic analysis for hereditary nephrotic syndrome was performed by next-generation sequencing. The clinical data showed that the boy exhibited growth retardation, early-onset nephrotic syndrome, microscopic hematuria, sensorineural deafness, T-cell immunodeficiency and congenital heart disease. Genetic tests revealed that the boy carried a de novo hemizygous variant, c.704C>T (p.Pro235 Leu), in exon 3 of the GATA3 gene.
CONCLUSION
We report an infant with HDR syndrome who presented with early-onset nephrotic syndrome in China. We suggest that variants in the GATA3 gene might be associated with infant-onset nephrotic syndrome.
CONHECIMENTO POPULACIONAL SOBRE SUPORTE BÁSICO DE VIDA E O SERVIÇO DE ATENDIMENTO MÓVEL DE URGÊNCIA DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Araújo Souza Lucas , Stofeles Cecon Roberta , Takenami Iukary , Vasconcelos Palácio Maria Augusta 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: O processo de transição epidemiológica associado à transição nutricional aumentou de forma significativa a prevalência de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis. Dentre essas condições crônicas, o infarto agudo do miocárdio destaca-se devido à sua alta taxa de mortalidade. Para reduzir estas taxas torna-se importante minimizar o tempo total de isquemia, evitando, assim, as principais complicações do infarto agudo do miocárdio. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atenção pré-hospitalar no infarto agudo do miocárdio quanto à estrutura e perfil de atendimento pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência e conhecimento da população sobre o Suporte Básico de Vida, em município do nordeste brasileiro. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa com delineamento transversal desenvolvido com 106 participantes, no ano de 2021, utilizando questionários para avaliar o conhecimento da população, bem como a coleta de dados secundários na central de regulação do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que a baixa capacitação em Suporte Básico de Vida está relacionada com piores desfechos relacionados ao reconhecimento de uma Parada Cardiorrespiratória (χ² = 5,095, p = 0,024) e a realização de Reanimação Cardiopulmonar (χ² = 5,251, p = 0,022). Identificou-se, também, que o tempo resposta do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência é de 10 a 15min. CONCLUSÃO: A falta de conhecimento e treinamento da população sobre Suporte Básico de Vida estão associados a medidas ineficazes frente a situações de emergência.
Using femtosecond laser pulses to investigate the thickness-dependent nonlinear optical properties of nickel oxide thin films and their potential use as optical limiters
Authors: Mustafa Mona , Ali Mona , Abdel-Wahab Mohamed Sh. , Tawfik Wael Z. , Eissa M. F. , Elfayoumi M. A. K. , Hamdy Hany , Mohamed Tarek 
Published: July 2024

In this study, the Z-scan technique was used to investigate the nonlinear optical properties of nickel oxide (NiO) thin films of various thicknesses. Direct current (DC) sputtering was used to deposit single-phase NiO thin films with thicknesses of 280, 350, and 470 nm onto a soda-lime glass substrate. The film structure was measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the linear optical properties were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. NiO thin films were irradiated with 100 fs laser pulses at various excitation wavelengths and excitation powers to determine the nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index. The NiO films were found to have reverse saturable absorption and self-focusing behavior. As the thickness of the NiO film increases, both the nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index decrease. Additionally, the investigation of the optical limitations of NiO thin films revealed a definite association with the thickness of the NiO thin film.
The lethal effect of soap on Schistosoma mansoni cercariae in water
Authors: Zhang Jiaodi , Pitol Ana K. , Kinung’hi Safari , Angelo Teckla , Emery Aidan M. , Cieplinski Adam , Templeton Michael R. , Braun Laura 
Published: July 2024

Background
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease which is spread through skin contact with water containing Schistosoma cercariae. Drug treatment has been the main control method, but it does not prevent reinfection. The use of soap can be a complementary measure to reduce transmission. Therefore, this study investigates the quantitative effect of different soaps on the mortality of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae.

Methodology
Four soaps including two powder soaps (Kleesoft and Omo) and two bar soaps (B29 and Rungu) which are used in a schistosomiasis-endemic Tanzanian village were studied. S. mansoni cercariae were exposed to powder soaps of 0 (control), 10, 50, 75, 100 and 1000 mg/L and to bar soaps of 0 (control), 100, 500 and 1000 mg/L. The highest concentration of 1000 mg/L was selected based on the laboratory-estimated average soap concentration during handwashing. Cercariae were observed under a microscope after 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes of exposure to determine their survival.

Conclusions
All four soaps can kill S. mansoni cercariae and this lethal effect was related to soap concentration and exposure time. At the highest concentration of 1000 mg/L, all cercariae were dead at 5 minutes post-exposure with two powder soaps and Rungu, while 100% cercarial death was achieved between 5 minutes to 15 minutes for B29. Almost all cercariae survived after being exposed to 10 mg/L powder soaps and 100 mg/L bar soaps for 60 minutes. Powder soaps were more lethal than bar soaps. Considering the widely varying concentrations of soap during real-world hygiene activities and the necessity for a very high soap concentration to eliminate all cercariae in a short 5-minute exposure, providing the efficacy of soap in preventing schistosomiasis becomes challenging. Future studies should investigate whether soap can influence alternative mechanisms such as making cercariae unable to penetrate the skin, thereby providing protection.
Prevalence and pattern of rheumatic valvular heart disease in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis, 2015–2023, population based studies
Authors: Abdu Seid Mohammed , Kassaw Altaseb Beyene , Tareke Amare Abera , Mankelkl Gosa , Belete Mekonnen , Bihonegn Mohammed Derso , Temam Ahmed Juhar , Abebe Gashaw , Assefa Ebrahim Msaye 
Published: July 2024

Background
Rheumatic heart disease is a global health concern with a persistently high incidence in developing countries, including Africa. It has a significant economic, morbidity, and mortality burden, particularly for children and young adults during their most productive years. However, in the last ten years, the extent of its impact in Africa has remained unclear. Limited studies conducted on the continent have reported diverse prevalence rates of rheumatic heart disease. As a result of these, the study aimed to aggregate and synthesize findings from population-based studies to offer a comprehensive and updated overview of rheumatic heart disease prevalence and pattern at the African level.

Methods
The studies were identified through a comprehensive literature search of the electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web searches, and manual searches. The descriptive information for the study is presented in the table, and the quantitative results are presented in forest plots. The Cochrane Q test and I2 test statistic were used to test heterogeneity across studies. The pooled estimate of the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease was computed by a random effects model.

Results
Out of 22 population-based studies analyzed using random-effects, the pooled magnitude of rheumatic heart disease was found to be 18.41/1000 (95% CI: 14.08–22.73/1000). This comprised definite cases of rheumatic heart disease at a prevalence rate of 8.91/1000 (95% CI: 6.50–11.33/1000) and borderline cases at a prevalence rate of 10.69/1000 (95% CI: 7.74–13.65/1000). The combined prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in males was almost equivalent to that in females. Mitral valve regurgitation was the predominant valve affected by rheumatic heart disease, accounting for approximately 73%.

Conclusion
This study analysis found the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in Africa is high. Because of this, policies and interventions should give attention to prioritize continuous population based active surveillance for early detection of cases to the reduction of rheumatic heart disease sequel, especially in the children and adolescent population.
Living with low muscle mass and its impact throughout curative treatment for lung cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Kiss Nicole , Ugalde Anna , Prado Carla M. , Denehy Linda , Daly Robin M. , Siva Shankar , Ball David , Fraser Steve F. , Edbrooke Lara 
Published: July 2024

Objectives
To 1) explore the experience of patients with lung cancer with low muscle mass or muscle loss during treatment and the ability to cope with treatment, complete self-care, and 2) their receptiveness and preferences for nutrition and exercise interventions to halt or treat low muscle mass/muscle loss.

Methods
This was a qualitative study using individual semi-structured interviews conducted using purposive sampling in adults with a diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), treated with curative intent chemo-radiotherapy or radiotherapy. Patients who presented with computed tomography-assessed low muscle mass at treatment commencement or experienced loss of muscle mass throughout treatment were included. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Eighteen adults (mean age 73 ± SD years, 61% male) with NSCLC (76%) treated with chemo-radiotherapy (76%) were included. Three themes were identified: 1) the effect of cancer and its treatment; 2) engaging in self-management; and 3) impact and influence of extrinsic factors. Although experiences varied, substantial impact on day-to-day functioning, eating, and ability to be physically active was reported. Patients were aware of the overall importance of nutrition and exercise and engaged in self-initiated or health professional supported self-management strategies. Early provision of nutrition and exercise advice, guidance from health professionals, and support from family and friends were valued, albeit with a need for consideration of individual circumstances.

Conclusion
Adults with NSCLC with or experiencing muscle loss described a diverse range of experiences regarding treatment. The types of support required were highly individual, highlighting the crucial role of personalised assessment of needs and subsequent intervention.
SPOP expression is associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yang Xiao Juan , Xu Yong Feng , Zhu Qing 
Published: July 2024

Background
Speckle Type POZ Protein (SPOP), despite its tumor type-dependent role in tumorigenesis, primarily as a tumor suppressor gene is associated with a variety of different cancers. However, its function in pancreatic cancer remains uncertain.

Methods
SPOP expression and the association between its expression and patient prognosis and immune function were evaluated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0 (TIMER2.0) database, cBioportal, and various bioinformatic databases. Enrichment analysis of SPOP and the association between SPOP expression with clinical stage and grade were analyzed using the R software package. Then immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to estimate the correlation between SPOP and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Results
As part of our study, we assessed that SPOP was anomalously expressed in kinds of cancers, associated with clinical stage and outcomes. Meanwhile, SPOP also played a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The expression level of SPOP was significantly correlated to tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) in pancreatic cancer.

Conclusions
Our study uncovered the potential corrections in SPOP with TICs, suggesting that SPOP may act as a biomarker for immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer.
Investigating the impact of psychedelic drugs on social cognition defects: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Smith Sarah Ann , Smith Shaina , Dennett Liz , Zhang Yanbo 
Published: July 2024

Background
Impairments in social cognition are known to be a key factor in several psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Interest in psychedelic drugs has increased in recent years, with significant research identifying psychedelic and hallucinogenic drugs as modulators of social cognition. However, more research is necessary before psychedelics are implemented in clinical settings as treatments for social cognition defects. Therefore, this study describes a scoping review protocol which will be used to analyze the body of literature on psychedelic drugs as modulators of social cognition in patients with psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Methods
This scoping review protocol was developed using the JBI Scoping Review Methodology Group’s description of how to conduct a scoping review. The guidelines identified by this group as well as a search strategy developed with the assistance of a research librarian will be applied to a search of several peer-reviewed journals, including MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO, EMBASE (Elsevier), and Scopus (Elsevier). Each study extracted will be screened in a two-step screening process, including a title and abstract screen, and a full-text screen. One independent individual will complete both steps of the screening, and a second independent individual will review the completed screening.

Discussion
An understanding of the current literature on psychedelic drugs as modulators of social cognition will provide insight into what is presently known on the subject, and any gaps in the literature that can be addressed in future studies. The knowledge gained from this scoping review could lead to a new treatment for social cognition defects in clinical populations.
The relationship of milk expression pattern and lactation outcomes after very premature birth: A cohort study
Authors: Levene Ilana , Fewtrell Mary , Quigley Maria A , O’Brien Frances 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Mothers of very premature infants often have difficulties expressing breastmilk, which can cause distress and potential negative impact on infant health. Clinical recommendations on breastmilk expression are extrapolated from term infants’ breastfeeding patterns. This study’s objective was to analyse the association of expressing pattern with lactation outcomes after very premature birth.

Methods
132 participants were recruited after birth between 23+0 and 31+6 weeks’ gestation. Participants recorded the milk expressed in several 24-hour periods in the three weeks after birth.

Results
Expressing frequency was positively associated with 24-hour milk yield, with an adjusted 30.5g increase per expressing session on day four (95% CI 15.7 to 45.3) and 94.4g on day 21 (95% CI 62.7 to 126.2). Expressing ≥8 times per day was associated with higher adjusted milk yield than expressing <6 times (on day four, 146.8g, 95% CI 47.4 to 246.1), but not in comparison to expressing 6–7 times (on day four, 82.1g, 95% CI –25.9 to 190.1). Participants with six months or more prior breastmilk feeding experience had a higher adjusted milk yield than others (on day four, 204.3g, 95% CI 125.2 to 283.3). Night-time (2300–0700 hours) expressing sessions were not associated with increased milk yield after adjustment for time since the prior session. On average, participants who had a longest gap between expressions of less than six hours achieved the UK target of 750g breastmilk, whereas those with a longer gap did not.

Conclusion
Expressing frequency was an important determinant of milk yield. Clinical recommendations to express ≥8 times per day were supported but for some, 6–7 times was sufficient. This was particularly likely for those with six months or more of prior breastmilk feeding experience. A need to express during the night-time hours appeared to be related to minimising the gap between expressions rather than an inherent value of night-time expression.
Increased serum caspase-1 in adult-onset Still’s disease
Authors: Matsumoto Haruki , Yoshida Shuhei , Koga Tomohiro , Fujita Yuya , Sumichika Yuya , Saito Kenji , Temmoku Jumpei , Asano Tomoyuki , Sato Shuzo , Mizokami Masashi , Sugiyama Masaya , Migita Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2024

Background
Caspase-1 is a crucial component in the inflammasome activation cascade. This study evaluated the potential of serum caspase-1 level as an inflammatory biomarker in patients with adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD).

Methods
The study included 51 consecutive patients diagnosed with AOSD based on the Yamaguchi criteria, 66 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as disease control, and 36 healthy controls (HCs). Serum caspase-1 concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The serum 69 cytokine levels were analyzed using a multisuspension cytokine array in patients with AOSD, and a cluster analysis of each cytokine was performed to determine specific molecular networks.

Results
Patients with AOSD had significantly increased serum caspase-1 levels versus patients with RA (p < 0.001) and HCs (p < 0.001). Additionally, serum caspase-1 demonstrated significant positive correlations with AOSD disease activity score (Pouchot score, r = 0.59, p < 0.001) and serum ferritin (r = 0.54, p < 0.001). Furthermore, among patients with AOSD, significant correlations existed between serum caspase-1 and inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-18. Immunoblot analysis detected the cleaved form of caspase-1 (p20) in the serum of untreated patients with AOSD, not in those from patients with inactive AOSD receiving immunosuppressive treatments.

Conclusions
Caspase-1 is a useful biomarker for AOSD diagnosis and monitoring. Caspase-1 activation could be correlated with the inflammatory component of AOSD, specifically through proinflammatory cytokine induction via inflammasome activation cascades.
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin decreases myocardial fibrosis and modulates myocardial insulin signaling in a swine model of chronic myocardial ischemia
Authors: Harris Dwight D. , Sabe Sharif A. , Broadwin Mark , Stone Chris , Bellam Krishna , Malhotra Akshay , Abid M. Ruhul , Sellke Frank W. 
Published: July 2024

Objective
Although both clinical data and animal models suggest cardiovascular benefits following administration of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We therefore sought to evaluate the effect of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin on myocardial fibrosis, and insulin signaling in chronic myocardial ischemia using a swine model. An ameroid constrictor placement on the left coronary circumflex artery of thirteen Yorkshire swine to model chronic myocardial ischemia. After two weeks of recovery, swine were assigned to one of two groups: control (CON, n = 8), or sitagliptin 100mg daily (SIT, n = 5). After 5 weeks of treatment, the swine underwent terminal harvest with collection of myocardial tissue. Fibrosis was quantified using Masson’s trichrome. Protein expression was quantified by Immunoblotting. Trichrome stain demonstrated a significant decrease in perivascular and interstitial fibrosis in the SIT group relative to CON (all p<0.05). Immunoblot showed a reduction in Jak2, the pSTAT3 to STAT 3 Ratio, pSMAD 2/3, and SMAD 2/3, and an increase in STAT 3 in the SIT group relative to CON (all p<0.05). SIT treatment was associated with increased expression of insulin receptor one and decreased expression of makers for insulin resistance, including phospho-PKC- alpha, RBP-4, SIRT1, and PI3K (p<0.05). Sitagliptin results in a reduction in perivascular and interstitial fibrosis and increased insulin sensitivity in chronically ischemic swine myocardium. This likely contributes to the improved cardiovascular outcomes seen with DPP-4 inhibitors.
Agoranomische Urkunden aus Philadelpheia (P.Freib. 78 und 79)
Authors: Gerardin François , Neitmann Stephan , Weisser-Gericke Lucas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The texts published here for the first time are documents copied at the branch of the agoranomos’s office in Philadelphia in the first half of the second century BCE. P.Freib. 78, on the one hand, records a conciliation before the chrematistai, which comprised the official recording of the mutual concessions made by the parties as well as a memorandum to the judges. The attestation of an Atargateion, a private sanctuary dedicated to the “Syrian goddess”, provides a link to another papyrus of the Freiburg collection (P.Freib. 42) and suggests Philadelphia as the likely provenance of the piece. P.Freib. 79a‒c, on the other hand, were written in the same hand as P.Freib. III 32-33 and a recently edited papyrus from the collection in Giessen, which provides a secure paleographical link with the agoranomic material from Philadelphia.
A double clad ASE Re-injected hybrid TDFA and HDFA amplifier with ±1.44 dB GF
Authors: Bhandari Vijaya , Trivedi Neelu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Current developments in wireless communications accentuate the exigency of high gain, low noise figure (NF) and minimum gain fluctuations (GF) based optical amplifier in 1.9–2.15 μm eye safe wavelength band. Hybrid thulium (Tm) doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) and holmium (Ho) doped fiber amplifier (HDFA) are the perfect candidates to extend the bandwidth towards 2 μm long wavelengths. In this work, amplifier spontaneous emission (ASE) re-injected double clad TDFA-HDFA hybrid amplifier using Fiber bragg gratings (FBGs) is presented for the amplification of 64 wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) channels covering 63 nm wavelength window. Further, performance of proposed amplifier with and without ASE reinjection is evaluated in terms of Gain, NF, GF and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR). Effects of single and double clad on the Gain are studied and optimization of Tm and Ho doped fiber length, pump powers, and input power has also been accomplished. The GF as low as ±1.44 dB, Gain >28 dB, NF < 5.08 dB, output power 4.2 W are achieved in ASE re-injected configuration using 785 nm pump at 55 dBm in TDFA and 1,900 nm pump at 20 dBm in HDFA. It is noticed that double clad and ASE reinjection in TDFA and HDFA offer better GF.