bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major Perioperative Morbidity Does Not Affect Long‐Term Survival in Patients Undergoing Esophagectomy for Cancer of the Esophagus or Gastroesophageal Junction
Authors: Xia Brent T. , Rosato Ernest L. , Chojnacki Karen A. , Crawford Albert G. , Weksler Benny , Berger Adam C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of cancer of the esophagus/GE junction is dramatically increasing but continues to have a dismal prognosis. Esophagectomy provides the best opportunity for long‐term cure but is hampered by increased rates of perioperative morbidity. We reviewed our large institutional experience to evaluate the impact of postoperative complications on the long‐term survival of patients undergoing resection for curative intent.MethodsWe identified 237 patients who underwent esophagogastrectomy, with curative intent, for cancer between 1994 and 2008. Complications were graded using the previously published Clavien scale. Survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier methodology and survival curves were compared using log‐rank tests. Multivariate analysis was performed with continuous and categorical variables as predictors of survival, and examined with logistic regression and odds ratio confidence intervals.ResultsThere were 12 (5 %) perioperative deaths. The average age of all patients was 62 years, and the majority (82 %) was male. Complication grade did not significantly affect long‐term survival, although patients with grade IV (serious) complications did have a decreased survival (p = 0.15). Predictors of survival showed that the minimally invasive type esophagectomy (p = 0.0004) and pathologic stage (p = 0.0007) were determining factors. There was a significant difference in overall survival among patients who experienced pneumonia (p = 0.00016) and respiratory complications (p = 0.0004), but this was not significant on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsIn this single‐institution series, we found that major perioperative morbidity did not have a negative impact on long‐term survival which is different than previous series. The impact of tumor characteristics at time of resection on long‐term survival is of most importance.
The Arctic Ocean—a Canadian perspective from IPY
Authors: Melling H. , Francois R. , Myers P. G. , Perrie W. , Rochon A. , Taylor R. L. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Canada’s IPY program funded seven marine projects spanning the North American Arctic. Work embraced oceanography, air-sea interactions, storm response, paleo-climate and trace-element chemistry. Notable findings are emerging. Conditions in the Beaufort were unusual in 2007, with very high air pressure bringing strong winds, rapid ice drift, thin winter ice, enhanced shelf-break upwelling and a maximum in freshwater retention in the Beaufort Gyre. A mapping of trace chemicals suggests that Arctic mid-depth circulation may also have reversed. Study of Canadian Arctic through-flow revealed a net annual seawater export of 44,000 cubic kilometres from the Arctic to Baffin Bay. Observations of sea ice, sustained through the IPY, affirmed that ice cover is the key attribute of Arctic seas, with wind as a potent agent in its variation. Surveys have shown that the anthropogenic decline in seawater alkalinity is aggravated in the Arctic by low temperature and low salinity resulting from ice melt. Careful experiments have revealed that Arctic phytoplankton growth is constrained by scarcity of dissolved iron where light levels are low. A manganese fingerprint in sediments has tracked changing sea level during the Ice Age. Sediment-core analysis has revealed the Arctic Oscillation as a dominant cause of long-period climate variations during the Holocene. One project has demonstrated how multi-tasked vessels can maintain a watch on Canada’s Arctic within a reliable affordable logistic framework, while a wave forecast model developed by another for the Beaufort is suitable for operational use.
External auditory canal paraganglioma: an atypical presentation
Authors: Grover N , Amen F , Gallimore A , Brookes G 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective:We present the first published description of a painful paraganglioma of the external auditory canal. Atypical histopathology made the diagnosis difficult. We discuss the potential pitfalls of clinical diagnosis and treatment of such a case.Clinical presentation:A 49-year-old woman presented with left-sided otalgia, hearing loss and tinnitus. Physical examination revealed a firm swelling arising from the superior portion of the left external auditory canal. A clinical diagnosis of otitis externa was made.Intervention:There was minimal response to medical treatment. The swelling was aspirated, leading to brisk bleeding. A tumour was suspected from the computed tomography scan, and confirmed by a biopsy. The patient underwent excision of the paraganglioma. The histopathology was atypical, making diagnosis difficult.Conclusion:Such unusual masses of the external ear should always be borne in mind, especially when dealing with atypical presentations of commonly encountered diseases. Clinicians should have a low threshold for early intervention with imaging and biopsy.
The role of negative emotionality and impulsivity in depressive/anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence
Authors: Boschloo L. , Vogelzangs N. , van den Brink W. , Smit J. H. , Beekman A. T. F. , Penninx B. W. J. H. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundMuch is still unclear about the role of personality in the structure of common psychiatric disorders such as depressive/anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence. This study will therefore examine whether various traits of negative emotionality and impulsivity showed shared or specific associations with these disorders.MethodCross-sectional data were used from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), including individuals with no DSM-IV psychiatric disorder (n = 460), depressive/anxiety disorder only (i.e. depressive and/or anxiety disorder; n = 1398), alcohol dependence only (n = 32) and co-morbid depressive/anxiety disorder plus alcohol dependence (n = 358). Aspects of negative emotionality were neuroticism, hopelessness, rumination, worry and anxiety sensitivity, whereas aspects of impulsivity included disinhibition, thrill/adventure seeking, experience seeking and boredom susceptibility.ResultsAspects of negative emotionality formed a homogeneous dimension, which was unrelated to the more heterogeneous construct of impulsivity. Although all aspects of negative emotionality were associated with alcohol dependence only, associations were much stronger for depressive/anxiety disorder only and co-morbid depressive/anxiety disorder with alcohol dependence. The results for impulsivity traits were less profound and more variable, with disinhibition and boredom susceptibility showing modest associations with both depressive/anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence, whereas low thrill/adventure seeking and high disinhibition were more strongly related with the first and the latter, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that depressive/anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence result from shared as well as specific aetiological pathways as they showed the same associations with all aspects of negative emotionality, disinhibition and boredom susceptibility as well as specific associations with thrill/adventure seeking and disinhibition.
Enlarging operational workspaces in parallel manipulators by connecting working modes. Application to the 3

R

SS robot
Authors: Macho E. , Altuzarra O. , Pinto C. , Hernández A. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThe aim of this paper is to describe a general methodology for enlarging the workspace within which a parallel manipulator can move in a controllable way. The basis for obtaining this consists in superimposing all the singularity-free regions associated with the various different robot working modes. These can be connected because such transitions do not imply a loss of control of the manipulator. This enlarged operational workspace is associated with a certain assembly mode. In addition, the strategy to be used for path planning in this kind of workspace is presented.
Development of Support Networks in Informal Dementia Care: Guided, Organic, and Chance Routes through Support
Authors: Egdell Valerie 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTIncreasing knowledge about factors that shape the development of care networks for people with dementia is imperative in countries with aging populations that are relying increasingly on informal care. This study used a qualitative approach to identify the complex routes through support taken by informal caregivers for people with dementia in the development of their care networks. Interview data were collected from 13 caregivers. Three routes through support were identified: guided routes, organic routes, and chance routes. This article’s principal argument is that these routes are the outcomes not only of the resources that caregivers draw upon, but also of their varying expectations regarding the role of the informal caregiver. The identification of the three routes through support provides a potentially valuable framework for examining the experiences of caregivers for individuals with other long-term health conditions.
Medical management of hip fractures and the role of the orthogeriatrician
Authors: Gupta Abhaya 
Published: October 2012

SummaryPublished literature shows that evidence-based medical care can improve hip fracture outcomes. The orthogeriatrician plays a key role in providing this care, in collaboration with surgical and multidisciplinary professionals, managing pre-operative conditions and post-operative complications that may affect functional recovery, and ensuring co-ordinated effective management of hip fractures right from admission to discharge. Several management guidelines are available for this vulnerable group of elderly patients. Recent UK guidelines recommend that, from time of admission, hip fracture patients should be offered a formal acute orthogeriatric or orthopaedic ward-based ‘Hip Fracture Programme’, which includes orthogeriatric assessment as an essential key component.
Explosive Percolation in Erdős–Rényi-Like Random Graph Processes
Authors: PANAGIOTOU KONSTANTINOS , SPÖHEL RETO , STEGER ANGELIKA , THOMAS HENNING 
Published: October 2012

The study of the phase transition of random graph processes, and recently in particular Achlioptas processes, has attracted much attention. Achlioptas, D'Souza and Spencer (Science, 2009) gave strong numerical evidence that a variety of edge-selection rules in Achlioptas processes exhibit a discontinuous phase transition. However, Riordan and Warnke (Science, 2011) recently showed that all these processes have a continuous phase transition.In this work we prove discontinuous phase transitions for three random graph processes: all three start with the empty graph on n vertices and, depending on the process, we connect in every step (i) one vertex chosen randomly from all vertices and one chosen randomly from a restricted set of vertices, (ii) two components chosen randomly from the set of all components, or (iii) a randomly chosen vertex and a randomly chosen component.
Neonatal ascending aortic thrombus: successful medical treatment
Authors: Gallotti Roberto , Cammock Cheryl E. , Dixon Natalia , Ootaki Yoshio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNeonatal aortic thrombosis is a potentially life-threatening condition with significant morbidity and mortality if undiagnosed and untreated. The most common location of arterial thrombosis in neonates is in the abdominal aorta and is associated with umbilical artery catheterisation. There are only a few previous reports of thrombosis in the ascending aorta. We describe a case of ascending aortic thrombosis in a neonate who underwent successful thrombolytic therapy.
Flood-Related Work Disruption and Poor Health Outcomes Among University Students
Authors: Peek-Asa Corinne , Ramirez Marizen , Young Tracy , Cao YanYan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, floods are the most common and among the most devastating of natural disasters. Natural disasters such as floods impact local businesses, increasing local unemployment by up to 8.2%. Previous research has linked individual losses from disasters with symptoms such as posttraumatic stress disorder. However, little is known about the impact of work disruption and job loss on post-disaster psychological symptoms. University students, who are often living far away from family support structures and have limited resources, may be particularly vulnerable. This study examines student psychological health following a large flood at a university.HypothesisStudents who experienced flood-related job loss or disruption had a higher proportion of psychological symptoms than those who did not experience job loss or disruption, controlling for individual loss such as injury, home loss or evacuation.MethodsOn June 8, 2008, a major flood affected seven US Midwestern states. A total of two dozen people were killed and 148 injured, although no deaths or serious injuries were reported in the population used for this study. At the study university, operations were closed for one week, and 20 buildings were severely damaged. A cross-sectional survey of all students enrolled during the semester of the flood was conducted. Students were sent an online survey six weeks after the flood. In addition to questions about damage to their homes, the survey asked students if their work was disrupted because of the floods. Symptoms of PTSD were measured through the modified Child PTSD Symptom Scale.ResultsOf the 1,231 responding students with complete surveys, 667 (54.2%) reported that their work was disrupted due to the floods. Controlling for gender, ethnicity, grade, and damage to the student's home, students reporting work disruption were more than four times more likely to report PTSD symptoms (95% CI, 2.5-8.2). Work disruption was independently associated with decreases in general mental and physical health following the floods, as well as with increases in alcohol use.ConclusionDisaster research has focused on damage to individuals and homes, but there has been little focus on work losses. Individuals who lose their jobs may be a vulnerable population post-disaster.Peek-AsaC, RamirezM, YoungT, CaoY. Flood-related work disruption and poor health outcomes among university students. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-6.
ANTIREALISM AND CONSTRUCTIVISM: BROUWER’S WEAK COUNTEREXAMPLES
Authors: McCARTY CHARLES 
Published: October 2012

AbstractStrictly intuitionistic inferences are employed to demonstrate that three conditions—the existence of Brouwerian weak counterexamples to Test, the recognition condition, and the BHK interpretation of the logical signs—are together inconsistent. Therefore, if the logical signs in mathematical statements governed by the recognition condition are constructive in that they satisfy the clauses of the BHK, then every relevant instance of the classical principle Test is true intuitionistically, and the antirealistic critique of conventional logic, once thought to yield such weak counterexamples, is seen, in this instance, to fail.
Speech Planning Happens Before Speech Execution: Online Reaction Time Methods in the Study of Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Maas Edwin , Mailend Marja-Liisa 
Published: October 2012

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to present an argument for the use of online reaction time (RT) methods to the study of apraxia of speech (AOS) and to review the existing small literature in this area and the contributions it has made to our fundamental understanding of speech planning (deficits) in AOS.

Method
Following a brief description of limitations of offline perceptual methods, we provide a narrative review of various types of RT paradigms from the (speech) motor programming and psycholinguistic literatures and their (thus far limited) application with AOS.

Conclusion
On the basis of the review of the literature, we conclude that with careful consideration of potential challenges and caveats, RT approaches hold great promise to advance our understanding of AOS, in particular with respect to the speech planning processes that generate the speech signal before initiation. A deeper understanding of the nature and time course of speech planning and its disruptions in AOS may enhance diagnosis and treatment for AOS.

Results
Only a handful of published studies on apraxia of speech have used reaction time methods. However, these studies have provided deeper insight into speech planning impairments in AOS based on a variety of experimental paradigms.
Apraxia of Speech: Concepts and Controversies
Authors: Ziegler Wolfram , Aichert Ingrid , Staiger Anja 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThis article was written as an editorial to a collection of original articles on apraxia of speech (AOS) in which some of the more recent advancements in the understanding of this syndrome are discussed. It covers controversial issues concerning the theoretical foundations of AOS. Our approach was motivated by a change of perspective on motor speech that has taken place in neurobiology, neurolinguistics, phonology, and phonetics during the past few decades.MethodThe literature on AOS is reviewed from 3 different but overlapping perspectives—that is, a disconnection, a motor memory, and a fine motor skill perspective. Separate sections are devoted to the delimitations of AOS from oral facial apraxia, dysarthria, and phonological impairment.ConclusionsWe conclude that many of the still unresolved conceptual issues about AOS arise from an underspecification of existing models of spoken language production. We suggest that phonological and motor impairments of sound production should be studied by an integrated approach.
Capacitance spectroscopy study of deep levels in Cl-implanted 4H-SiC
Authors: Alfieri G. , Kimoto T. 
Published: October 2012

We report on a deep level transient spectroscopy study of Cl-implanted n- and p-type 4H-SiC epilayers. Samples were electrically characterized after each step of an isochronal annealing series, between room temperature and 1800 ∘C, and twelve deep traps were detected. Of these, seven traps were found in n-type material, ranging from 0.15 to 1.6 eV below the conduction band minimum (EC), and five were detected in p-type material, located between 0.5 and 1.7 eV above the valence band maximum (EV). Besides the presence of the well known Z1/2 and EH6/7 levels in n-type 4H-SiC and of the D-center in p-type samples, we found that Cl implantation gives rise to three new traps in n-type material at EC−0.37 eV, EC−1.06 eV, and EC−1.3 eV and one new level in p-type at EV+0.97  eV. These traps are persistent after annealing at 1800 ∘C, and no data were found in the previous experimental studies reported in the literature. The possible involvement of Cl in the microscopic structure of these defects is discussed based on a depth profiling analysis of their concentration.
A Reconnaissance Survey of the Effects of Sediment Traps on Michigan Streams
Authors: Zorn Troy G. , Wills Todd C. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Excess sand bedload can significantly degrade salmonid habitat and populations. Successful use of sediment traps to restore habitat and salmonid populations on two Michigan streams in the early 1980s led to application of traps at well over 100 coldwater streams in Michigan and rivers throughout the USA within a decade. Unfortunately, little quantitative evaluation has occurred other than anecdotal observations for some traps. We conducted a broad-scale survey of 65 Michigan stream reaches with sediment traps by collecting data along transects upstream and downstream of the traps to assess downstream changes in substrate composition, channel depth, and channel stability in response to sediment traps. We found that recent applications of sediment traps (usually as stand-alone instream habitat treatments) had no significant effect on substrate, thalweg depth, or bank stability conditions in the reaches studied. Using reach-based estimates of specific stream power at the 10% annual exceedence flow, we identified areas where sediment traps could potentially destabilize channels. Specific stream power estimates were positively correlated with the preponderance of gravel and coarser substrate in stream reaches. Our study and previous assessments of sediment traps suggest that managers carefully consider their river and all potential management options when deciding if sediment traps will provide the best return on their investment.
Received April 12, 2012; accepted July 4, 2012
Effect of reviewer's origin on peer review: China vs. non‐China
Authors: ZHANG Xiangyi 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTPeer review is important in ensuring quality. As science and technology develops in China, the number of scientific papers is increasing, and it is interesting to discover whether there are differences between reviewers from China and those from other countries when they review manuscripts submitted by Chinese authors. This study was based on an environmental academic Chinese (English language) journal. The peer review of 157 manuscripts from Chinese authors was analyzed. There are significant differences in whether a potential reviewer accepts an invitation to review; however, the outcome of peer review is almost unaffected by the reviewer's geographical origin.
Giant texturing effect in multiferroic MnWO4 polycrystals
Authors: Jana Somnath , Nag Abhishek , Ray Sugata 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Different methods of texturing polycrystalline materials have been developed over the years to use/probe anisotropic material properties with relative ease, where complicated and expensive single crystal growth processes could be avoided. In this paper, particle morphology assisted texturing in multiferroic MnWO4 has been discussed. Detailed powder x-ray diffraction vis-a-vis scanning electron microscopic studies on differently annealed and processed samples have been employed to probe the giant texturing effect in polycrystalline MnWO4. A quantitative measure of the texturing has been carried out by means of the Rietveld analysis technique. Qualitative presentation of magnetic and dielectric data on textured pellet demonstrated the development of clear anisotropic physical properties in polycrystalline pellets. Finally, we established that the highly anisotropic plate-like particles are formed due to easy cleavage of the significantly large crystalline grains.
Determining the nonparabolicity factor of the CdO conduction band using indium doping and the Drude theory
Authors: Mendelsberg Rueben J , Zhu Yuankun , Anders André 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Due to their high intrinsic electron mobility, CdO-based materials are gaining interest as transparent conductive oxides. By creating model dielectric functions based on the Drude theory, accurate fits to the measured transmittance and reflectance of CdO and CdO : In thin films were achieved without using a frequency dependent Drude damping parameter. Difference in the model between undoped and In-doped CdO showed that the Burstein–Moss shift is not the only mechanism which improves the transparency in In-doped samples. Comparing the Drude analysis with Hall measurements revealed a nonlinear relationship between the free-electron effective mass and the carrier concentration, an effect which is caused by the nonparabolicity of the CdO conduction band. Analysis of 50 CdO : In thin films grown by pulsed filtered cathodic arc showed the nonparabolicity factor was C = (0.5 ± 0.2) eV−1 and the band-edge effective mass was (0.16 ± 0.05)m
e. Knowledge of the effective mass allows for optical measurements of carrier mobility, which was less than or equal to the measured Hall mobility in these films due to the large electron mean free path compared with the grain size.