bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obtaining Enhanced Photocurrent by Beneficial Surface Treatment of Self-aligned TiO2 Nanotubes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kwak Su Hyeon , Kang Soon Hyung 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Electrochemically anodic TiO2 nanotube (TONT) arrays were prepared in ethylene glycol solvent containing 0.25 wt % NH4F and 2 wt % water under constant voltage (60 V) for 1 h. As-grown TONT arrays exhibited an amorphous phase, and thermal treatment was performed at 450 °C for 3 h under air gas to improve the crystallinity. In addition, to develop water-treated TONT arrays, as-grown TONT arrays were directly placed in water for 3 days. After removing the sample from water, thermal treatment was performed under the same conditions. Further, to prepare the TiCl4-treated TONT arrays (denoted as TiCl4/TONT), the annealed TONT arrays were placed in 0.02 M TiCl4 aqueous solution in a 70 °C electric oven for 30 min. Three types of TONT arrays were prepared and characterized: TONT, TiCl4/TONT, and water/TONT. In the case of TiCl4/TONT arrays, the TiCl4 treatment has a well-known ability to create TiO2 nanoparticles on the TiO2 surface, increasing the surface area for dye uptake and beneficial charge-transport properties. Here, the TiCl4/TONT arrays showed high photocurrent due to the high dye uptake, resulting in 18% improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency (η). Meanwhile, water/TONT arrays provide the largest surface area due to the small nanoparticles composed of the surface in the nanotubular structure. The beneficial electron-transport properties of water/TONT system through c axis led to an enhancement of up to 40%, approaching η of 2.65%, compared to 1.87% for TONT-based dye-sensitized solar cells.
Graphene Wet-etching Kinetics as Time-reversed Crystallization
Authors: Watanabe Yu-uto , Ikemura Yu-usuke , Sano Masahito 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Wet-etching kinetics of single-layer graphene and multilayer graphene oxide by piranha solution under a mild condition was modeled as a time-reversed crystallization process and was analyzed by Avrami theory. The Avrami exponent is 1 at the early stage of the reaction for both materials, indicating that etching proceeds along reactive edges without forming additional defects. Then, the exponent for graphene changes to 2 whereas that of graphene oxide increases to 4. Stretched exponential behavior is also observed for highly defective samples.
First Total Synthesis of Neoantimycin
Authors: Ogawa Hikaru , Iio Hideo , Usuki Yoshinosuke 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The first total synthesis of neoantimycin (1), an unusual ring-extended antibiotic of the antimycin class, has been achieved, using intramolecular transesterification for construction of the 15-membered tetralactone core.
An Overview of Historical and Contemporary Concrete Shells, Their Construction and Factors in Their General Disappearance
Authors: Tang Gabriel 
Published: June 2015

Only through understanding why concrete shells' loss in popularity over the course of modern history can designers be equipped with the skills to create and apply this type of construction. Through modifications to design processes, construction stages, material understanding and relevant formwork improvements will architects and designers be able to meet the demands of the 21st century and beyond. To understand why concrete shells are no longer commonly built is to understand its construction process. An amorphous material, the fundamental relationship between formwork and the resultant concrete shell needs to be raised, appreciated, understood and analyzed for a holistic understanding of concrete shells. Through understanding this, issues and factors affecting concrete shells can be tackled and designed out in reviving this type of structures because they can be efficient in structural performance, economical in cost and provide high aesthetic value. This paper discusses concrete shells as an architectural solution by asking the question to what constituted their popularity and factors that led to their demise in the modern age of technological advancement, construction process and environmental concerns. This paper presents a cultural perspective and an overview of seminal, historical and contemporary concrete shells so as to bring about a renaissance of such structures in our built environment once again because of all the benefits it can offer.
Micro-Siting of Wind Turbine in Complex Terrain: Simplified Fatigue Life Prediction of Main Bearing in Direct Drive Wind Turbines
Authors: Watanabe Fumihito , Uchida Takanori 
Published: June 2015

In Japan, 1,516 wind turbine accidents have been recorded between year 2004 and 2012, and 84% of them were for turbines in complex terrains. The longest downtime was associated with damage to main shafts or bearings with an average downtime of 5.7 months. Careful micro-siting in complex terrains can prevent these accidents from happening. The objective of the paper is to provide an intermediate step that allows consultants, developers, and wind farm owners to further evaluate micro-siting of wind turbines in complex terrains, prior to load simulations by manufacturers. The author developed a simplified method to predict fatigue life of a main rear bearing in direct drive wind turbines. The method uses hub-height 10 minutes wind data as an input. The validation with an actual accident showed practically good agreement of 12.0 years of the predicted life against 12.7 years of the actual life. The method was also applied to quantify the effect of a curtailment. The proposed curtailment increased the predicted life to 35.5 years with a relatively small range of wind speed at a direction of only 1 % frequency distribution. With the proposed method, it is possible to layout turbines where fatigue life of a main rear bearing is longer than its design life. The method can also be applied to existing turbines in order to spot turbines that require careful maintenance, and to consider an installation of condition monitoring system on a bearing.
Observations from Preliminary Experiments on Spatial and Temporal Pressure Measurements from Near-Field Free Air Explosions
Authors: Rigby Sam E. , Tyas Andrew , Clarke Sam D. , Fay Stephen D. , Reay Jonathan J. , Warren James A. , Gant Matt , Elgy Ian 
Published: June 2015

It is self-evident that a crucial step in analysing the performance of protective structures is to be able to accurately quantify the blast load arising from a high explosive detonation. For structures located near to the source of a high explosive detonation, the resulting pressure is extremely high in magnitude and highly non-uniform over the face of the target. There exists very little direct measurement of blast parameters in the near-field, mainly attributed to the lack of instrumentation sufficiently robust to survive extreme loading events yet sensitive enough to capture salient features of the blast. Instead literature guidance is informed largely by early numerical analyses and parametric studies. Furthermore, the lack of an accurate, reliable data set has prevented subsequent numerical analyses from being validated against experimental trials. This paper presents an experimental methodology that has been developed in part to enable such experimental data to be gathered. The experimental apparatus comprises an array of Hopkinson pressure bars, fitted through holes in a target, with the loaded faces of the bars flush with the target face. Thus, the bars are exposed to the normally or obliquely reflected shocks from the impingement of the blast wave with the target. Pressure-time recordings are presented along with associated Arbitary-Langrangian-Eulerian modelling using the LS-DYNA explicit numerical code. Experimental results are corrected for the effects of dispersion of the propagating waves in the pressure bars, enabling accurate characterisation of the peak pressures and impulses from these loadings. The combined results are used to make comments on the mechanism of the pressure load for very near-field blast events.
Portfolio Optimization with Quasiconvex Risk Measures
Authors: Mastrogiacomo Elisa , Rosazza Gianin Emanuela 
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we focus on the portfolio optimization problem associated with a quasiconvex risk measure (satisfying some additional assumptions). For coherent/convex risk measures, the portfolio optimization problem has been already studied in the literature. Following the approach of Ruszczyński and Shapiro [Ruszczyński A, Shapiro A (2006) Optimization of convex risk functions. Math. Oper. Res. 31(3):433–452.], but by means of quasiconvex analysis and notions of subdifferentiability, we characterize optimal solutions of the portfolio problem associated with quasiconvex risk measures. The shape of the efficient frontier in the mean-risk space and some particular cases are also investigated.
Is Aristotle’s Eudemian Ethics Quasi-Mathematical?
Authors: Karbowski Joseph 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper challenges D. J. Allan’s famous claim that Aristotle employs a ‘quasi-mathematical’ method in the Eudemian Ethics. Allan believes that Aristotle’s use of posits introduced by ‘hupokeisthō’, ‘estō’, etc. in the treatise is ultimately modeled upon, or at least inspired by, their use in mathematics. However, in this paper I show that there are substantive procedural and epistemological differences between mathematical posits and those in the Eudemian Ethics and that, in any case, there is no textual basis for Allan’s thesis. When we look outside of the Eudemian Ethics, we find, in fact, that the use of posits is a rather common argumentative strategy of Aristotle. What specifically motivates his use of posits in the Eudemian Ethics, I suggest, is his desire to meet the criteria for proper philosophical arguments set out at the end of EE I.6.
The intersection between viral oncolysis, drug resistance, and autophagy
Authors: Beljanski Vladimir , Chiang Cindy , Hiscott John 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Resistance to both cytotoxic and targeted therapies is a major problem facing cancer treatment. The mechanisms of resistance to unrelated drugs share many common features, including up-regulation of detoxifying pathways, activation of pro-survival mechanisms, and ineffective induction of cell death. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are promising biotherapeutics for cancer treatment that specifically replicate in and lyse cancer cells. In addition to direct viral lysis, the anti-tumor effects of OVs are mediated via innate and adaptive immune responses, and several adaptation mechanisms such as autophagy appear to contribute to their anti-tumor properties. Autophagy is a versatile pathway that plays a key role in cancer survival during stressful conditions such as starvation or cytotoxic drug challenges. Autophagy also plays a role in mediating innate and adaptive immune responses by contributing to antigen presentation and cytokine secretion. This role of autophagy in regulation of immune responses can be utilized to design therapeutic combinations using approaches that either stimulate or block autophagy to potentiate therapeutic efficacy of OVs. Additional studies are needed to determine optimal multimodal combination approaches that will facilitate future successful clinical implementation of OV-based therapies.
Generation of Constant Life Diagram under Elevated Temperature Ratcheting of 316LN Stainless Steel
Authors: Sarkar Aritra , Nagesha A. , Sandhya R. , Mathew M.D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCombined influence of mean stress and stress amplitude on the cyclic life under elevated temperature (823–923 K) ratcheting of 316LN austenitic stainless steel is discussed. Constant life Haigh diagrams have been generated, using different combinations of stress amplitude and mean stress. In the plastic domain, the allowable stress was found to increase or decrease with mean stress depending on the temperature and combination of mean stress – stress amplitude employed. Strong influence of dynamic strain aging (DSA) was found at 823 K which affected the mode of deformation of the material in comparison with 923 K. Failure mode expressed through a fracture mechanism map was found to change from fatigue to necking depending on the test temperature as well as combinations of mean stress and stress amplitude. Occurrence of DSA at 823 K proved to be beneficial by way of extending the safe zone of operation to higherR-ratios in comparison with 923 K.
Influence of Japonisme on Art of M. K. Čiurlionis and His Contemporaries
Authors: Nunokawa Yumiko 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to show how Japonisme was introduced to Europe in the late 19th century and how it influenced artists in major cities. Japanese woodblock prints (ukiyo-e), especially those of Hokusai and Hiroshige, fascinated the Impressionists and other contemporaries such as Claude Monet (1840-1926), Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), and James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834-1903). Many of them adopted japonaiserie motifs in their paintings or sculptures, and it formed a major artistic trend called Japonisme. The Lithuanian composer and painter Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis (1875-1911) was also influenced by the trend of Japonisme, especially from the paintings of the Impressionists or through artists in Poland. In Poland and Russia, Japanese artworks were imported by artists who had studied abroad, or by wealthy bourgeoisie such as Feliks “Manggha” Jasieński (1861-1929), a Polish collector whose nickname was directly associated with Japonisme, and Sergey Kitaev (1864-1927), an ardent Russian collector of Japanese artworks. In this article, Japonisme in European art in general will be outlined, together with similar tendencies in Čiurlionis’ paintings, and then, examples of Japonisme-influenced paintings in Poland and Russia will be briefly shown. Finally, by focusing on Čiurlionis’ paintings, it will be shown how he adopted Japonisme in three stages. In the first stage japonaiserie motifs were only partially borrowed. In the second stage ukiyo-e’s motifs and pictorial schemes were applied to his paintings, and finally, in the third stage of borrowing, expressions of Japanese motifs in his most sublime style will be shown.
Network Mechanisms Generating Abnormal and Normal Hippocampal High-Frequency Oscillations: A Computational Analysis
Authors: Fink Christian G. , Gliske Stephen , Catoni Nicholas , Stacey William C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHigh-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are an intriguing potential biomarker for epilepsy, typically categorized according to peak frequency as either ripples (100–250 Hz) or fast ripples (>250 Hz). In the hippocampus, fast ripples were originally thought to be more specific to epileptic tissue, but it is still very difficult to distinguish which HFOs are caused by normal versus pathological brain activity. In this study, we use a computational model of hippocampus to investigate possible network mechanisms underpinning normal ripples, pathological ripples, and fast ripples. Our results unify several prior findings regarding HFO mechanisms, and also make several new predictions regarding abnormal HFOs. We show that HFOs are generic, emergent phenomena whose characteristics reflect a wide range of connectivity and network input. Although produced by different mechanisms, both normal and abnormal HFOs generate similar ripple frequencies, underscoring that peak frequency is unable to distinguish the two. Abnormal ripples are generic phenomena that arise when input to pyramidal cells overcomes network inhibition, resulting in high-frequency, uncoordinated firing. In addition, fast ripples transiently and sporadically arise from the precise conditions that produce abnormal ripples. Lastly, we show that such abnormal conditions do not require any specific network structure to produce coherent HFOs, as even completely asynchronous activity is capable of producing abnormal ripples and fast ripples in this manner. These results provide a generic, network-based explanation for the link between pathological ripples and fast ripples, and a unifying description for the entire spectrum from normal ripples to pathological fast ripples.
George Lippard’s The Quaker City
Authors: Emerson D. Berton 
Published: June 2015

D. Berton Emerson, “George Lippard’s The Quaker City: Disjointed Text, Dismembered Bodies, Regenerated Democracy” (pp. 102–131)
This essay argues that George Lippard’s The Quaker City (1844–1845), originally published in ten separate numbers, is best understood when read more consistently with Lippard’s own mid-production assessment: that he was producing two different books, a novel and its sequel. Doing so reveals that the target of Lippard’s unruly social protest transitions away from a nation-framed story featuring the seduction of an innocent woman and the moral degradation of a community in which such a crime would be possible, to a broader complaint in the sequel against the lack of democratic power and agency at the local level. I start by reconstructing the disjointed composition and publication-in-parts schedule of The Quaker City, along with some historical developments that might have led to its changed course, in order to highlight Lippard’s shifting design and the narrative’s vernacular aesthetics. Turning to the narrative, I explore how the shifting trajectory between novel and sequel becomes most compelling in Lippard’s treatment of printed texts/print culture and bodies/body politic, two entities frequently evoked in the cultivation and understanding of national (imagined) community. In Lippard’s imaginative revision, the sequel thus grapples with alternative political possibilities that discard faith in nation-scaled remedies and instead works through the complexities of a regenerated, localized democracy.
“Picture it all, Darley”
Authors: Altschuler Sari 
Published: June 2015

Sari Altschuler “‘Picture it all, Darley’: Race Politics and the Media History of George Lippard’s The Quaker City” (pp. 65–101)
This essay adresses two related questions. First, how did George Lippard’s The Quaker City develop from a multimedia story told through newspaper conventions, illustration, and two plays into the novel that appeared in May 1845? And second, how did Lippard’s white-seduction narrative come to pivot around the nightmare of an ambiguously raced Devil-Bug? Joining these questions of form and content, I argue that the media history of The Quaker City is inextricable from its history of race. In the wake of the almost riot around the mid-serialization of his Philadelphia play, Lippard moved away from fictionalizing current events toward the “grotesque-sublime” through a broader critique of Philadelphia less open to charges of libel. This shift took place through the transformation of Devil-Bug, a character Lippard rapidly developed in the middle installments until he was complex enough to carry the new story. Turning the once-black Devil-Bug into his protagonist, however, required character developments that necessarily complicated the story’s representation of race, a process that occurred concurrently with events related to the work that highlighted the systemic oppression of African Americans. In winter 1844, troubles with two stage productions and his illustrator highlighted the problems of representing race. After a several-month hiatus, Lippard published new installments vituperously condemning the representational limits of these nonprose forms and turned to prose to develop his antislavery position through Devil-Bug. As a result of these confluent developments, The Quaker City became an antislavery text through the process of opening Devil-Bug’s character up to its own hybridity and interiority.
Long-Read Single Molecule Sequencing to Resolve Tandem Gene Copies: The Mst77Y Region on the Drosophila melanogaster Y Chromosome
Authors: Krsticevic Flavia J , Schrago Carlos G , Carvalho A Bernardo 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The autosomal gene Mst77F of Drosophila melanogaster is essential for male fertility. In 2010, Krsticevic et al. (Genetics184: 295−307) found 18 Y-linked copies of Mst77F (“Mst77Y”), which collectively account for 20% of the functional Mst77F-like mRNA. The Mst77Y genes were severely misassembled in the then-available genome assembly and were identified by cloning and sequencing polymerase chain reaction products. The genomic structure of the Mst77Y region and the possible existence of additional copies remained unknown. The recent publication of two long-read assemblies of D. melanogaster prompted us to reinvestigate this challenging region of the Y chromosome. We found that the Illumina Synthetic Long Reads assembly failed in the Mst77Y region, most likely because of its tandem duplication structure. The PacBio MHAP assembly of the Mst77Y region seems to be very accurate, as revealed by comparisons with the previously found Mst77Y genes, a bacterial artificial chromosome sequence, and Illumina reads of the same strain. We found that the Mst77Y region spans 96 kb and originated from a 3.4-kb transposition from chromosome 3L to the Y chromosome, followed by tandem duplications inside the Y chromosome and invasion of transposable elements, which account for 48% of its length. Twelve of the 18 Mst77Y genes found in 2010 were confirmed in the PacBio assembly, the remaining six being polymerase chain reaction−induced artifacts. There are several identical copies of some Mst77Y genes, coincidentally bringing the total copy number to 18. Besides providing a detailed picture of the Mst77Y region, our results highlight the utility of PacBio technology in assembling difficult genomic regions such as tandemly repeated genes.
X Chromosome and Autosome Dosage Responses in Drosophila melanogaster Heads
Authors: Chen Zhen-Xia , Oliver Brian 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
X chromosome dosage compensation is required for male viability in Drosophila. Dosage compensation relative to autosomes is two-fold, but this is likely to be due to a combination of homeostatic gene-by-gene regulation and chromosome-wide regulation. We have baseline values for gene-by-gene dosage compensation on autosomes, but not for the X chromosome. Given the evolutionary history of sex chromosomes, these baseline values could differ. We used a series of deficiencies on the X and autosomes, along with mutations in the sex-determination gene transformer-2, to carefully measure the sex-independent X-chromosome response to gene dosage in adult heads by RNA sequencing. We observed modest and indistinguishable dosage compensation for both X chromosome and autosome genes, suggesting that the X chromosome is neither inherently more robust nor sensitive to dosage change.