bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional stratigraphy and subsidence of Orphan Basin near the time of breakup and implications for rifting processes
Authors: Dafoe Lynn T. , Keen Charlotte E. , Dickie Kate , Williams Graham L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe stratigraphic, subsidence and structural history of Orphan Basin, offshore the island of Newfoundland, Canada, is described from well data and tied to a regional seismic grid. This large (400 by 400 km) rifted basin is part of the non‐volcanic rifted margin in the northwest Atlantic Ocean, which had a long and complex rift history spanning Middle Jurassic to Aptian time. The basin is underlain by variably thinned continental crust, locally <10‐km thick. Our work highlights the complex structure, with major upper crustal faults terminating in the mid‐crust, while lower crustal reflectivity suggests ductile flow, perhaps accommodating depth‐dependent extension. We describe three major stratigraphic horizons connected to breakup and the early post‐rift. An Aptian–Albian unconformity appears to mark the end of crustal rifting in the basin, and a second, more subdued Santonian unconformity was also noted atop basement highs and along the proximal margins of the basin. Only minor thermal subsidence occurred between development of these two horizons. The main phase of post‐rift subsidence was delayed until post‐Santonian time, with rapid subsidence culminating in the development of a major flooding surface in base Tertiary time. Conventional models of rifting events predict significant basin thermal subsidence immediately following continental lithospheric breakup. In the Orphan Basin, however, this subsidence was delayed for about 25–30 Myr and requires more thinning of the mantle lithosphere than the crust. Models of the subsidence history suggest that extreme thinning of the lithospheric mantle continued well into the post‐rift period. This is consistent with edge‐driven, small‐scale convective flow in the mantle, which may thin the lithosphere from below. A hot spot may also have been present below the region in Aptian–Albian time.
P2X7 receptor predicts postoperative cancer‐specific survival of patients with clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Zheng , Liu Yidong , Xu Le , An Huimin , Chang Yuan , Yang Yuanfeng , Zhang Weijuan , Xu Jiejie 
Published: July 2015

The P2X7 receptor, an ATP‐gated plasma membrane ion channel, is involved in inflammation, apoptosis and cell proliferation, and thereby plays a crucial role during oncogenic transformation in various malignancies. This study aims to evaluate the impact of P2X7 receptor expression on postoperative cancer‐specific survival of patients with clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). A total of 273 patients with ccRCC undergoing nephrectomy at a single institution were retrospectively enrolled in this study, among which 86 patients died of this disease and six patients died of other causes. Clinicopathologic features and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were recorded. P2X7 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in clinical specimens. Kaplan–Meier method with log rank test was performed to compare survival curves. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic values of variables on CSS. Concordance index was calculated to assess prognostic accuracy of prognostic models. Median follow‐up period was 90 months (range, 11–120 months). Intratumoral P2X7 expression was significantly lower than peritumoral tissues (P < 0.001). Moreover, high intratumoral P2X7 expression, which was significantly associated with shorten CSS (P < 0.001), high TNM stage (P = 0.038), Fuhrman grade (P = 0.035), SSIGN (stage, size, grade, and necrosis) score (P = 0.021) and University of California Integrated Staging System (UISS) score (P = 0.007), was indicated to be an independent prognostic factor for CSS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.693; P = 0.034). The prognostic accuracy of TNM stage, UISS and SSIGN scoring models was improved when intratumoral P2X7 expression was added. Intratumoral P2X7 expression is a potential independent adverse prognostic indicator for postoperative CSS of patients with ccRCC.
Novel Pentapeptide GLP‐1 (32–36) Amide Inhibits β‐Cell Apoptosis In Vitro and Improves Glucose Disposal in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Sun Lidan , Dai Yuxuan , Wang Chuandong , Chu Yingying , Su Xin , Yang Jianyong , Zhou Jie , Huang Wenlong , Qian Hai 
Published: July 2015

We proposed that a pentapeptide, LVKGR amide, GLP‐1 (32–36) amide, derived from the gluco‐incretin hormone, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), might possess favorable actions against diabetes. Therefore, GLP‐1 (32–36) amide was synthesized and the effects of it were examined in INS‐1 cell and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice model. To determine the protective effects of GLP‐1 (32–36) amide on INS‐1 cell viability and apoptosis, cells were exposed to 1 μm streptozotocin (STZ) and GLP‐1 (32–36) amide for 24 h. Results showed that GLP‐1 (32–36) amide treatment decreased apoptosis rate and significantly retained cell viability compared with saline‐treated controls. Then, GLP‐1 (32–36) amide was administered intraperitoneally to streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice with normal mice used as control. Body weight, energy intake, plasma glucose, and histopathology of the pancreas were assessed. Results showed that GLP‐1 (32–36) amide protected β‐cell viability and apoptosis against STZ‐induced toxicity, inhibited weight gain, and relieved symptoms of polydipsia. Moreover, GLP‐1 pentapeptide‐treated mice showed a slight trend toward reduced glucose excursions in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test at the end of the experiment. GLP‐1 (32–36) amide exerted favorable protective actions in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. The peptide curtailed weight gain and alleviates symptoms of polydipsia. These findings suggested the probable utility of GLP‐1 (32–36) amide, a peptide mimetic derived there from GLP‐1, for adjuvant treatment of diabetes.
Learning to Read and Spell: How Children Acquire Word Orthographic Knowledge
Authors: Bosse Marie‐Line 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this article, I review knowledge about the cognitive abilities involved in a crucial stage of developing reading and spelling expertise: acquiring knowledge of the orthographic structure of words. Specifically, I focus on three abilities that seem fundamental for this acquisition: (a) decoding ability—because most word orthographic knowledge is acquired implicitly during reading, the ability to deduce the pronunciation of a word from its written form is essential; (b) the ability to process simultaneously all the letters of the word that is read, an ability that is also involved in implicit acquisition and supported by both theoretical and empirical data; and (c) the ability of handwriting to enhance word orthographic acquisition. I conclude with practical consequences for teaching literacy and detecting reading and spelling difficulties early.
Responsiveness and sensitivity of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale to primary dental care for early childhood caries
Authors: Arrow Peter 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined the responsiveness of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) to dental treatment of early childhood caries (ECC) in a primary dental care setting.MethodsParents of children participating in a randomized controlled trial completed the ECOHIS at baseline and follow‐up, and rated the global oral health transition of their child at follow‐up (‘worsened’, ‘no change’, ‘improved’). Change scores were calculated and longitudinal construct validity assessed by examining the association between change scores and global oral health transition groups. ECOHIS changes from baseline to follow‐up within global transition groups were also evaluated. Effect sizes, minimally important difference, and Guyatt's responsiveness index were calculated to examine the scale's sensitivity and responsiveness.ResultsAfter 11.3 months, complete questionnaire data were available for 189 participants; 59% reported ‘improved’ oral health. The follow‐up scores were significantly lower in the child psychology, parental distress and family impact section, P < 0.001, and in the child social interaction, family function and the total ECOHIS scores, P < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. There was a significant difference in changed scores among the global transition groups, P < 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis test, and the difference was significant between ‘worsened’ and ‘improved’ groups for the family impact and the total ECOHIS scores, Dunn test, P < 0.05. Effect sizes were small, 0.17, 0.33, 0.30 for the child impact, family impact and total ECOHIS scores, respectively, for those reporting ‘improved’ oral health.ConclusionsThe responsiveness of the ECOHIS to the treatment of ECC in primary dental care settings was modest, and its use to measure treatment effects in primary care settings requires further investigations.
Early‐life socioeconomic position and periodontal status in Korean adults
Authors: Lee Hye‐Ju , Han Dong‐Hun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the association between different life‐course socioeconomic positions (SEPs) and periodontitis in a large representative sample of the Korean population.MethodsWith data from Korean adults aged 30–59, periodontitis was assessed with the community periodontal index. Parental education, own education, and income as indicators of early childhood SEP, adolescence SEP, and adulthood SEP, respectively, were categorized by four groups (1–4). The association between the different life‐course SEPs and periodontitis was estimated according to three different life‐course models: individual impact of the three SEPs, cumulative impact by the sum of the three SEP values (sum ranges 3–12), and the pathways of the three SEPs through lifetime to the periodontitis. Covariates were demographic factors, health behaviors, and health problems. The prevalence ratios (PRs) and relative index of inequality (RII) for periodontitis were obtained.ResultsIn an individual impact model, significant associations of each SEP with periodontitis were found after adjusting for all covariates (RII = 1.16 for parental education, 1.19 for own education, and 1.27 for income). For a cumulative impact model, there were higher risks for periodontitis as the sum of the three SEP values increased (RII = 1.51). For the intergenerational social mobility model, prevalence of current periodontal disease was highest in the persistently low group. (RII = 1.54 and PR = 1.51).ConclusionsThese results show that the individual and cumulative SEPs measured by the parental education, own education, and income were independently associated with the periodontal status of Korean adults. The pathway and cumulative hypotheses for the life‐course SEP effects on periodontitis could be salient in oral epidemiology.
Specificity of human anti-variable heavy (VH) chain autoantibodies and impact on the design and clinical testing of a VH domain antibody antagonist of tumour necrosis factor-α receptor 1
Authors: Cordy J C , Morley P J , Wright T J , Birchler M A , Lewis A P , Emmins R , Chen Y Z , Powley W M , Bareille P J , Wilson R , Tonkyn J , Bayliffe A I , Lazaar A L 
Published: July 2015

SummaryDuring clinical trials of a tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-R1 domain antibody (dAb™) antagonist (GSK1995057), infusion reactions consistent with cytokine release were observed in healthy subjects with high levels of a novel, pre-existing human anti-VH (HAVH) autoantibody. In the presence of HAVH autoantibodies, GSK1995057 induced cytokine release in vitro due to binding of HAVH autoantibodies to a framework region of the dAb. The epitope on GSK1995057 was characterized and dAbs with reduced binding to HAVH autoantibodies were generated; pharmacological comparability was determined in human in-vitro systems and in-vivo animal experiments. A Phase I clinical trial was conducted to investigate the safety and tolerability of the modified dAb (GSK2862277). A significant reduction in HAVH binding was achieved by adding a single alanine residue at the C-terminus to create GSK2862277. Screening a pool of healthy donors demonstrated a reduced frequency of pre-existing autoantibodies from 51% to 7%; in all other respects, GSK2862277 and the parent dAb were comparable. In the Phase I trial, GSK2862277 was well tolerated by both the inhaled and intravenous routes. One subject experienced a mild infusion reaction with cytokine release following intravenous dosing. Subsequently, this subject was found to have high levels of a novel pre-existing antibody specific to the extended C-terminus of GSK2862277. Despite the reduced binding of GSK2862277 to pre-existing HAVH autoantibodies, adverse effects associated with the presence of a novel pre-existing antibody response specific to the modified dAb framework were identified and highlight the challenge of developing biological antagonists to this class of receptor.
The process of disclosing child abuse: a study of Swedish Social Services protection in child abuse cases
Authors: Linell Hanna 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper presents findings from a study of judgements concerning 137 children (13–18 years) where protection by the Swedish Social Services was applied for. The paper explores the disclosure of physical, sexual and emotional child abuse including experiences of domestic violence and the process following a disclosure. A central finding is that the majority of children (71%) could be described as having intentionally disclosed the abuse. The findings also suggest that many of the children had come a long way in an emotional and cognitive process before the decision to disclose, and that disclosure was often made in conjunction with a decision to leave the alleged abusers. These findings support previous research suggesting children's intentional disclosure as an important predictor of decisions regarding alternative care. Another finding is that the process following the disclosure was described by the children as intensely challenging with active pressure and threats from relatives and feelings of fear, guilt and ambivalence. These findings have implications for both practice and research on how the safeguarding system can help children in the process of disclosure and protect those who do disclose.
‘A picture of who we are as a family’: conceptualizing post‐adoption contact as practices of family display
Authors: MacDonald Mandi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSocial work has a central role in negotiating and supporting birth family contact following adoption from care. This paper argues that family display (Finch) offers a useful conceptual resource for understanding relationships in the adoptive kinship network as they are enacted through contact. It reports on an interpretative phenomenological analysis of adoptive parents' accounts of open adoption from care that revealed direct and indirect contact to be contexts in which they and birth relatives performed family display practices: communicating the meaning of their respective relationships with the adopted child and seeking recognition that this was a legitimate family relationship. The analysis explores how family display was performed, and the impact of validating or invalidating responses. It aims to illuminate these social and interpretive processes involved in adoptive kinship in order to inform social work support for contact. The findings suggest that successful contact may be promoted by helping adoptive and birth relatives validate the legitimacy of the other's kin connection with the child, and through arrangements that facilitate family‐like interactions.
Systemic vitamin D supplementation and local bone formation after maxillary sinus augmentation – a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical investigation
Authors: Schulze‐Späte Ulrike , Dietrich Thomas , Wu Christina , Wang Kun , Hasturk Hatice , Dibart Serge 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectivesMaxillary sinus augmentation procedures with bone replacement grafts aimed to increase bone height in the posterior maxilla. During healing, bone particles are partially resorbed and replaced by the patient's own bone. Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium homeostasis and is critical for bone formation and remodeling.Materials and methodsThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical investigation studied whether oral supplementation with vitamin D3 (5000 IU) combined with calcium (600 mg) impacts bone formation and remodeling after maxillary sinus augmentation compared to a placebo medication containing calcium alone (n = 10/group). Bone cores were harvested at the time of implant placement (6–8 months) for histological analysis.ResultsSerum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD) levels were comparable between both groups at the baseline (P = nonsignificant [n.s.]). Vitamin D3+ calcium supplementation improved significantly serum 25‐OHD levels (placebo vs. vitamin D3 group: 25‐OHD ng/ml: 31.13 ± 7.06 vs. 61.11 ± 20.42, P ≤ 0.01); however, no statistically significant difference in bone formation or graft resorption was detected between groups. However, in the vitamin D3 group, a significant association was found between increased vitamin D levels and number of bone‐resorbing osteoclasts around graft particles suggesting that local bone remodeling might be more pronounced when serum vitamin D levels were improved (r = 0.92, P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsVitamin D3+ calcium supplementation improves serum vitamin D levels and potentially impacts local bone remodeling on a cellular level. However, no statistically significant difference in bone formation or graft resorption was detected between groups.
Impact of mandibular implant prostheses on the oral health‐related quality of life in partially and completely edentulous patients
Authors: Yunus Norsiah , Masood Mohd , Saub Roslan , Al‐Hashedi Ashwaq Ali , Taiyeb Ali Tara Bai , Thomason John Mark 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients provided with mandibular implant fixed partial prostheses (IFPP) for rehabilitation of two adjacent missing posterior teeth and complete denture patients provided with mandibular implant‐supported overdenture (ISOD). The response to change in OHRQoL with implant prostheses was additionally compared.Material and methodsIn this prospective study, 20 IFPP (mean age 47.0; SD 12.9 years) and 28 ISOD (mean age 61.5; SD 9.1 years) patients received 2 mandibular implants. Metal ceramic nonsplinted fixed prostheses were provided in IFPP group, while in ISOD group, the mandibular overdentures were retained by nonsplinted attachments. Patients rated their oral health‐related quality of life using OHIP‐14 Malaysian version at baseline (T0), 2–3 months (T1) and 1 year (T2) postimplant treatment. Mean OHIP‐14 for total and domain scores between groups and intervals was analysed using repeated‐measures ANOVA and t‐test. Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon signed–rank tests were used for the comparison of mean score change and effect size, while the association between pre‐ and post‐treatment scores was determined using multivariate linear regression modelling.ResultsThe total OHIP and domain scores before implant treatment were significantly higher (lower OHRQoL) in IFPP than in ISOD groups, except for physical pain where this domain showed similar impact in both groups. Postimplant scores between groups at T1 and T2 showed no significant difference. The mean score changes at T0–T1 and T0–T2 for total OHIP‐14 and domains were significantly greater in IFPP except in the domains of physical pain and disability which showed no difference. Large effect size (ES) was observed for total OHIP‐14 in IFPP while moderate in ISOD. Improved OHRQoL was dependent on the treatment group and pretreatment score.ConclusionImprovement in OHRQoL occurred following both mandibular implant‐supported overdentures and implant fixed partial prostheses.
Three‐Dimensional buccal bone anatomy and aesthetic outcome of single dental implants replacing maxillary incisors
Authors: Veltri Mario , Ekestubbe Annika , Abrahamsson Ingemar , Wennström Jan L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectivesThis case series investigated by means of CBCT, buccal bone three‐dimensional anatomy at delayed, two‐stage implants in the maxillary incisal tooth region. Moreover, the relation between buccal bone anatomy and soft tissue aesthetics was assessed.Material and methodsTwelve implants were analysed after on average 8.9 years in function. Baseline and re‐evaluation photographs were assessed using the pink aesthetic score (PES). Marginal bone changes were measured from intraoral X‐rays. The buccal bone volume associated with the implant and the implant surface not covered by visible buccal bone was computed on CBCT data sets. Buccal bone thickness and level were assessed, as well as the thickness of the crest distally and mesially of the implant. Changes in soft tissue forms and correlation between aesthetics and bone anatomy were calculated by nonparametric statistics.ResultsBuccal bone level was located 3.8 mm apical of the implant shoulder, and none of the implants had complete bone coverage. Buccal bone volume was 144.3 mm3, and 4.29 mm3 in the more coronal 2 mm portion. PES did not differ at re‐evaluation (9.7) and baseline (9.2). PES was directly correlated with crestal thickness mesially and distally of the implant shoulder. No other significant correlations were observed between bone anatomy and PES or buccal peri‐implant health. Marginal bone gain over time was associated with greater coronal bone volume buccally and with greater buccal and marginal bone thickness, while loss was related to less or no bone.ConclusionsWithin present limitations, acceptable and stable aesthetics are not jeopardized by a thin or missing buccal bone.