bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical characteristics of poly(piperazine-amide) TFC nanofiltration membrane prepared at various reaction times and its relation to the performance
Authors: Misdan Nurasyikin , Lau Woei Jye , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Poly(piperazine-amide) thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes were prepared via interfacial polymerization (IP) of trimesoyl chloride (TMC) in cyclohexane and piperazine (PIP) in water. The effect of polymerization time on the physicochemical characteristics of poly(piperazine-amide) layers and the final membrane performance was studied in detail. The morphological structures of prepared membranes were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), by contrast, was used to determine the chemical characteristics of the membranes. It is evident that the surface roughness increased with increasing polymerization time due to the formation of a supergranule-like structure over the interfacially synthesized poly(piperazine-amide) layer. Moreover, increasing the polymerization time led to a dramatic reduction of water permeability due to the significant increase of crosslinking poly(piperazine-amide) barrier layers. Experimentally determined data showed that the TFC NF membrane prepared at 10 s of polymerization time experienced 51.2 l/m2.h of water permeability with 97.02% of Na2 SO4 salt rejection at an operating pressure of 0.6 MPa.
Efficient Detection of Unpaired DNA Requires a Member of the Rad54-Like Family of Homologous Recombination Proteins
Authors: Samarajeewa Dilini A , Sauls Pegan A , Sharp Kevin J , Smith Zachary J , Xiao Hua , Groskreutz Katie M , Malone Tyler L , Boone Erin C , Edwards Kevin A , Shiu Patrick K T , Larson Erik D , Hammond Thomas M 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD) is a process that detects unpaired regions between homologous chromosomes and silences them for the duration of sexual development. While the phenomenon of MSUD is well recognized, the process that detects unpaired DNA is poorly understood. In this report, we provide two lines of evidence linking unpaired DNA detection to a physical search for DNA homology. First, we have found that a putative SNF2-family protein (SAD-6) is required for efficient MSUD in Neurospora crassa. SAD-6 is closely related to Rad54, a protein known to facilitate key steps in the repair of double-strand breaks by homologous recombination. Second, we have successfully masked unpaired DNA by placing identical transgenes at slightly different locations on homologous chromosomes. This masking falls apart when the distance between the transgenes is increased. We propose a model where unpaired DNA detection during MSUD is achieved through a spatially constrained search for DNA homology. The identity of SAD-6 as a Rad54 paralog suggests that this process may be similar to the searching mechanism used during homologous recombination.
Hawaiian Barkcloth from the Bishop Museum Collections: A Characterization of Materials and Techniques in Collaboration with Modern Practitioners to Effect Preservation of a Traditional Cultural Practice
Authors: Bisulca Christina , Schattenburg-Raymond Lisa , du Preez Kamalu 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTHawaiian barkcloth (‘kapa’) is a traditional fabric made from beaten plant fibers. Because of its function in both utilitarian and chiefly ornaments, kapa is intimately tied to the history and traditions of Hawai’i. In the 19th century kapa was gradually replaced with imported textiles and the practice was lost. The traditional methods used to manufacture kapa are now only known from historic descriptions by early missionaries and explorers. Since the 1970s, cultural practitioners began an effort to revive this artform and are experimenting with materials and techniques to reproduce kapa with the quality of historic artifacts.Research has been undertaken at the Bishop Museum using a multi-analytical approach to determine the colorants. The Bishop Museum holds the world’s best collection of kapa, including some of the earliest pieces collected from Cook’s voyage in the 18th century. The research has focused on a comprehensive survey of over 150 pieces of kapa with x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). In some cases, samples were removed and analyzed with UV-Vis-NIR fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chromatographic techniques, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Scientific results document the use of traditional pigments and dyes as well as the incorporation of imported materials in the 19th century. Results are interpreted by period, design and use, as well as within the context of historic descriptions. An important aspect of this work is close collaboration with cultural practitioners experienced fabrication methods that have been successful in the recreation of kapa. With continued research, the goal is to ultimately gain a greater knowledge of historic materials and techniques for the continuation of this important tradition.
Nucleation, Growth and Evolution of Hydroxyapatite Films on Calcite
Authors: Naidu Sonia , Blair Jeremy M. , Scherer George W. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTMarble, a non-porous stone composed of calcite, is subject to acid rain dissolution due to its relatively high dissolution rate. With the goal of preventing such damage, we have investigated the deposition of films of relatively insoluble hydroxyapatite (HAP) on marble. This paper investigates the factors that affect the nucleation and growth kinetics of HAP on marble. A mild, wet chemical synthesis route, in which diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) salt was reacted with marble, alone and with cationic and anionic precursors under different reaction conditions, was used to produce inorganic HAP films on the mineral surface. Film nucleation, growth and metastable phase evolution were studied, using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GID). The onset of nucleation, and the growth rate of the film, increased with cationic (calcium) and anionic (carbonate) precursor additions. The calcium and phosphate precursors also influenced metastable phase formation, introducing a new phase.
Auditing Subsequent Events: Perspectives from the Field
Authors: Herda David N. , Lavelle James J. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARY:
A research synthesis team formed by the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association recently authored a paper (Chung et al. 2013) addressing the audit of subsequent events (SEs). The audit of SEs is a difficult audit area, as approximately one-third of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's inspection reports and numerous Securities and Exchange Commission enforcement releases identify deficiencies in this area (Chung et al. 2013). Chung et al. (2013) developed a model and proposed a series of research questions encouraging future academic research in this area. In this paper, we address several of these questions by surveying 76 practicing auditors. We summarize the auditors' responses and present recommendations that may be useful in improving audits of SEs.
Long-term survival and quality of life in dogs with clinical signs associated with a congenital portosystemic shunt after surgical or medical treatment
Authors: Greenhalgh Stephen N. , Reeve Jenny A. , Johnstone Thurid , Goodfellow Mark R. , Dunning Mark D. , O'Neill Emma J. , Hall Ed J. , Watson Penny J. , Jeffery Nick D. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Objective—To compare long-term survival and quality of life data in dogs with clinical signs associated with a congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS) that underwent medical or surgical treatment.
Design—Prospective cohort study.
Animals—124 client-owned dogs with CPSS.
Procedures—Dogs received medical or surgical treatment without regard to signalment, clinical signs, or clinicopathologic results. Survival data were analyzed with a Cox regression model. Quality of life information, obtained from owner questionnaires, included frequency of CPSS-associated clinical signs (from which a clinical score was derived), whether owners considered their dog normal, and (for surgically treated dogs) any ongoing medical treatment for CPSS. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare mean clinical score data between surgically and medically managed dogs during predetermined follow-up intervals.
Results—97 dogs underwent surgical treatment; 27 were managed medically. Median follow-up time for all dogs was 1,936 days. Forty-five dogs (24 medically managed and 21 surgically managed) died or were euthanized during the follow-up period. Survival rate was significantly improved in dogs that underwent surgical treatment (hazard ratio, 8.11; 95% CI, 4.20 to 15.66) than in those treated medically for CPSS. Neither age at diagnosis nor shunt type affected survival rate. Frequency of clinical signs was lower in surgically versus medically managed dogs for all follow-up intervals, with a significant difference between groups at 4 to 7 years after study entry.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Surgical treatment of CPSS in dogs resulted in significantly improved survival rate and lower frequency of ongoing clinical signs, compared with medical management. Age at diagnosis did not affect survival rate and should not influence treatment choice.
Analysis of Agricultural Holdings of the Visegrad Four in the Post-Accession Period
Authors: Kis Georgina , Kacz Károly 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Visegrad Cooperation is the regional organization of four states known as the Visegrad Group or the Visegrad Four (the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia). The purpose of cooperation is joint representation of economic, diplomatic and political interests of these Central and Eastern European countries and coordination of their possible measures. In the framework of this study, the major trends regarding the average area and farm number of agricultural holdings in the Visegrad Group are examined and evaluated. We attempted to elucidate structural differences between the farm structures of these countries, their different and unusual development and its reasons. Despite these differences, we have uncovered a number of identical trends and joint points as well. The average farm size in Slovakia and the Czech Republic was 28 or 135 hectares in 2007, while in 2010, this figure changed to 75 or 152 hectares in the circle of the observed agricultural holdings. For both countries, therefore, a significant increase in farm size was observed in the period under survey. While in Hungary the average size of 6 hectares in 2007 increased to 8 hectares in three years, then in Poland, the average farm was 12 or 10 hectares in size in the years under survey. In the circle of these countries, therefore, only a slight shift, mainly stagnation was observed, albeit on different bases: while the number of holdings under survey increased in Poland, it decreased in Hungary (similarly to Slovakia and the Czech Republic). Investigating the details regarding farm structure in these countries, it can be stated that most holdings carried out their activities on an area of under 20 hectares, in respect of distribution of agricultural land in the countries of the Visegrad Four. However, the survey results also revealed that in the vast majority of cases, the number of farms decreased, but there was an increase in their average size, that is, the process of concentration that has been experienced in the Western part of the European Union for the last two decades can be observed in these four countries as well.
Investigations into Load Spectra of UAVS Aircraft
Authors: Rodzewicz Miroslaw , Glowacki Dominik 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The paper contains a description of a novel approach to the load spectra estimation applied to UAVs. The authors have developed a number of tools in the LabVIEW environment enabling an in-depth analysis of flight-log data. One major achievement was the separation of the load spectra induced by steering and the load spectra induced by turbulence. The authors have shown a significant influence of both of the main load sources on the fatigue life of the UAV airframe, calculated based on the P-M hypothesis. This approach to fatigue testing of composite UAV airframes needs to take into account the rate of load variations as these may affect the fatigue life of tested structures. The paper presents several schemes of calculation algorithms and a number of well-illustrated examples of the tests and investigations results.
Advanced Magnetic Materials for Aeronautics
Authors: Šmelko Miroslav , Praslička Dušan , Blažek Josef 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In the field of magnetic sensors, magnetic microwires with positive magnetostriction are the materials of the future. Their mechanical and magnetic properties render them ideal materials for applications in aeronautics. A single microwire with a 40 jj.m diameter and a length of 10 mm is capable of capturing information about tensile stresses, magnetic fields, temperature and distance. This information is carried by a parameter called the Switching Field, HSW, which is specific for different types of microwire. Numerous physical qualities affect the HSW and through sensing of HSW, these qualities may be quantified. (A number of physical qualities affecting HSW can be sensed and quantified by means of a contactless induction method.) What distinguishes the system developed by the present authors from other measuring systems based on magnetic microwires is the positioning of a microwire outside the coil system. Thanks to this improvement it is possible to use microwires embedded directly in the construction material. Small dimensions microwires do not damage the structure of the construction material. The absence of a galvanic connection makes this technology even more interesting compared with traditional forge gauges. Offering the possibility of the simultaneous measuring of four parameters, this technology can be used in a wide range of aviation applications. Measurements of an external magnetic field can be usedfor the navigation and stabilization of an aerial vehicle. Tensile stress and distance measuring can be helpful to understand some processes occurring under the surface of the construction material and also to perform fatigue monitoring or structure load monitoring. Another big advantage of magnetic microwires is the low price. Just 1 gram of base material is sufficient to prepare about 40 km of microwire. All these features combine to offer us a material ideal for Smart Sensors, possibly available for use in the near future.
Highly enriched alternatives of VVER-440 fuel assembly
Authors: Bajan M. , Dařílek P. , Zajac R. , Nečas V. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Evolution of VVER-440 fuel assembly is characterised by gradual increase of discharged fuel burn-up and prolongation of fuel cycle. Mentioned effects can be reached effectively by fuel enrichment raise and by parasitic absorption reduction. Both methods were used during VVER-440 fuel assembly optimisation, described at this paper. Enrichment interval was enlarged up to 5.95 % 235U, parasitic absorption was limited by carcass frame of the assembly. Basic characteristics of the best assembly proposals are presented and effects on equilibrium fuel cycle of VVER-440 reactor are characterised.
Comparison analysis of effectiveness of diagnostic methods of local coolant boiling in WWER core
Authors: Semchenkov Y. , Milto V. , Shumskiy B. , Vorobyeva D. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The method developed by the Kurchatov Institute's WWER reactor department to detect local coolant boiling in the reactor core on the basis of the neutron noise analysis is currently being implemented at some WWER-1000 units within their regular in-core noise diagnostic systems. Given that WWER-1000 power uprating – as well as new designs being developed, such as AES-2006 and WWER-TOI characterized with higher core power and coolant temperature – would increase the probability of coolant boiling, the efficiency of the available boiling diagnostics method was to be re-evaluated. On the basis of relevant computations, it was suggested to modify the diagnostic model and introduce new parameters to improve the reliability of local boiling detection. Computations simulating in-core boiling were thus performed and showed that the improved method was quite efficient. This paper discusses the possibilities to detect – using the improved method – various in-core coolant boiling cases anticipated for WWERs.
Assessment of the uncertainties of COBRA sub-channel calculations by using a PWR type rod bundle and the OECD NEA UAM and the PSBT benchmarks data
Authors: Panka I. , Keresztúri A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The assessment of the uncertainties of COBRA-IIIC thermal-hydraulic analyses of rod bundles is performed for a 5-by-5 bundle representing a PWR fuel assembly. In the first part of the paper the modeling uncertainties are evaluated in the term of the uncertainty of the turbulent mixing factor using the OECD NEA/NRC PSBT benchmark data. After that the uncertainties of the COBRA calculations are discussed performing Monte-Carlo type statistical analyses taking into account the modeling uncertainties and other uncertainties prescribed in the OECD NEA UAM benchmark specification. Both steady-state and transient cases are investigated. The target quantities are the uncertainties of the void distribution, the moderator density, the moderator temperature and the DNBR. We will see that – beyond the uncertainties of the geometry and the boundary conditions – it is very important to take into account the modeling uncertainties in case of bundle or sub-channel thermo-hydraulic calculations.
Sensitivity of hydrodynamic parameters' distributions in VVER-1000 reactor pressure vessel (RPV) with respect to uncertainty of the local hydraulic resistance coefficients
Authors: Pasichnyk I. , Nikonov S. , Velkov K. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The paper presents an uncertainty and sensitivity (U&S) study of the VVER-1000 reactor hydraulic properties. It is based on the OECD/NEA coolant transient Benchmark (K-3) on measured data at Kalinin-3 Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) [1]. The novelty of the work consists of taking into consideration all hydraulic uncertainty parameters used in the modeling of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) internals. A detailed parallel channel ATHLET model of the RPV is developed. It consists of ca. 26 600 control volumes most of them connected with junctions for cross flows. The specific geometry of the gap between upper part of the baffle and upper part of fuel assembly and also a fuel assembly head is taken explicitly into account The influence of the input parameters on the sensitivity and uncertainty of the RPV outlet and inlet temperatures and mass flows as well assembly-wise mass flow and coolant temperature axial distributions is shown.
CFD investigation of flow in the MATIS-H test facility
Authors: Tiborcz L. , Tóth S. , Aszódi A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In this paper steps of calculations for a bare rod bundle and so-called swirl type spacer grid are showed and the effects of choice of model details are examined. The modeled pin bundle and spacer grid geometry are related to rectangular western type PWR fuel assemblies. First a CFD model has been developed for a subchannel of the MATIS-H test facility in order to carry out a mesh independence study. Based on the results a model for the half cross-section of the test bundle has been developed and calculations are carried out with different turbulence models. Translational periodicity is applied in axial direction in order to calculate a fully developed flow, which will be used as inlet boundary condition for spacer grid calculations. Results are compared with LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometry) measurements published in the frame of the OECD NEA MATIS-H benchmark. As a last step a model for rod bundle incorporating swirl type spacer grid is developed and calculations are carried out with different turbulence models using the results of the bare rod bundle simulations as inlet boundary conditions.
Solution of the CB6 benchmark on VVER-440 final disposal using the Serpent reactor physics code
Authors: Lahtinen T. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The CB6 benchmark on VVER-440 final disposal consists of two parts. The decay calculation part is aimed at determination of isotopic composition of irradiated fuel material over the time scale relevant to long-term spent fuel disposal. The second part involves calculation of keff values in a 3D cask configuration at various time points. In this study, the code Serpent is applied in solution of the benchmark. Serpent is a continuous energy Monte Carlo reactor physics code developed at VTT Technical Research Center of Finland. The decay calculation part of the benchmark is, in addition to Serpent, also carried out using point-depletion calculation code ORIGEN. This enables comparison of the results obtained using the two codes exploiting two different methods in solution of the decay equations. The paper demonstrates the decay and keff calculation results as determined in the benchmark specification. The differences in results arising between the two calculation codes in decay calculation, and between the ENDF/B-VII and JEFF-3.1.1 based cross section libraries in keff calculation, are depicted and discussed.
De l'intérêt de l'approche de l'économie industrielle pour le management stratégiques : une application originale aux clubs européens de football de l'élite
Authors: Montchaud Sandra , Millereux Vincent , Cicut Nicolas , Dantin Pierre 
Published: August 2014

Cette recherche porte sur les clubs européens de football de l’élite, c’est-à-dire de la première division des cinq championnats majeurs, à savoir : allemand, anglais, espagnol, français et italien. L’objectif est de comprendre leurs stratégies à partir des caractéristiques qui fondent et structurent l’industrie du football professionnel européen dans laquelle ils évoluent. Pour ce faire, notre réflexion mobilise l’approche de l’économie industrielle (« industrial organization » (IO)) à travers son schéma d’analyse reliant les conditions de base, la structure, les comportements et les performances dans une industrie et s’inscrit dans la perspective de Porter (1981) qui souligne l’intérêt de l’IO pour le management stratégique (MS). Une application originale de cette approche à l’industrie footballistique professionnelle européenne est ainsi proposée.
Fragmentation sociospatiale à Brasília et Curitiba : villes différentes, villes inégalitaires
Authors: Catalão Igor 
Published: August 2014

Différence et inégalité sont des notions apparemment coïncidentes dont les implications dans la production et l’appropriation de l’espace ne coïncident pas, notamment dans les métropoles qui sont des espaces plus complexes et hétérogènes. L’on propose dans ce texte de comprendre comment les différences et les inégalités, combinées d’une façon contradictoire, mènent à la formation de la ville fragmentée. Cette analyse se fait à partir d’une brève comparaison entre les agglomérations métropolitaines de Brasilia et de Curitiba. Les résultats présentés sont issus d’une recherche achevée sur les deux métropoles et fournissent des éléments pour une discussion sur le processus de fragmentation sociospatiale qui s’explicite : d’un côté, par la permanence du centre-ville comme lieu de concentration de biens et d’équipements urbains sophistiqués et de la périphérie comme zone de concentration de pauvreté et précarité ; de l’autre côté, par la requalification de ce rapport centre-périphérie possible à partir de la prolifération de quartiers fermés comme lieu préférable de résidence urbaine.