bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible Pathogenic Mechanism of Propofol Infusion Syndrome Involves Coenzyme Q
Authors: Vanlander Arnaud Vincent , Okun Juergen Guenther , de Jaeger Annick , Smet Joél , De Latter Elien , De Paepe Boel , Dacremont Georges , Wuyts Birgitte , Vanheel Bert , De Paepe Peter , Jorens Philippe Germaine , Van Regenmortel Niels , Van Coster Rudy 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAbstract
In eight rats sedated for up to 20 h with gradually increasing doses of propofol, succinate cytochrome c reductase (complex II+III) was the most sensitive to inhibition by propofol. The activities of complex II and complex III were not decreased when tested individually, suggesting propofol interferes with coenzyme Q, which transfers electrons from complex II to complex III.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background:
Propofol is a short-acting intravenous anesthetic agent. In rare conditions, a life-threatening complication known as propofol infusion syndrome can occur. The pathophysiologic mechanism is still unknown. Some studies suggested that propofol acts as uncoupling agent, others suggested that it inhibits complex I or complex IV, or causes increased oxidation of cytochrome c and cytochrome aa3, or inhibits mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. Although the exact site of interaction is not known, most hypotheses point to the direction of the mitochondria.

Methods:
Eight rats were ventilated and sedated with propofol up to 20 h. Sequential biopsy specimens were taken from liver and skeletal muscle and used for determination of respiratory chain activities and propofol concentration. Activities were also measured in skeletal muscle from a patient who died of propofol infusion syndrome.

Results:
In rats, authors detected a decrease in complex II+III activity starting at low tissue concentration of propofol (20 to 25 µM), further declining at higher concentrations. Before starting anesthesia, the complex II+III/citrate synthase activity ratio in liver was 0.46 (0.25) and in skeletal muscle 0.23 (0.05) (mean [SD]). After 20 h of anesthesia, the ratios declined to 0.17 (0.03) and 0.12 (0.02), respectively. When measured individually, the activities of complexes II and III remained normal. Skeletal muscle from one patient taken in the acute phase of propofol infusion syndrome also shows a selective decrease in complex II+III activity (z-score: −2.96).

Conclusion:
Propofol impedes the electron flow through the respiratory chain and coenzyme Q is the main site of interaction with propofol.
A Proteomic Strategy for Global Analysis of Plant Protein Complexes
Authors: Aryal Uma K. , Xiong Yi , McBride Zachary , Kihara Daisuke , Xie Jun , Hall Mark C. , Szymanski Daniel B. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Global analyses of protein complex assembly, composition, and location are needed to fully understand how cells coordinate diverse metabolic, mechanical, and developmental activities. The most common methods for proteome-wide analysis of protein complexes rely on affinity purification-mass spectrometry or yeast two-hybrid approaches. These methods are time consuming and are not suitable for many plant species that are refractory to transformation or genome-wide cloning of open reading frames. Here, we describe the proof of concept for a method allowing simultaneous global analysis of endogenous protein complexes that begins with intact leaves and combines chromatographic separation of extracts from subcellular fractions with quantitative label-free protein abundance profiling by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry. Applying this approach to the crude cytosolic fraction of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves using size exclusion chromatography, we identified hundreds of cytosolic proteins that appeared to exist as components of stable protein complexes. The reliability of the method was validated by protein immunoblot analysis and comparisons with published size exclusion chromatography data and the masses of known complexes. The method can be implemented with appropriate instrumentation, is applicable to any biological system, and has the potential to be further developed to characterize the composition of protein complexes and measure the dynamics of protein complex localization and assembly under different conditions.
Emotional dimensions of intra-family transmission: Moroccan Shipping, a team adrift
Authors: Minialai Caroline , Hirigoyen Gérard 
Published: October 2014

Subject area
Intergenerational transmission is a paramount managerial and patrimonial issue. Although planning and governance tools are being developed and spread in business, the handling of emotions often remains the key to a successful process. It is within the framework of the paternalistic Moroccan society that we are led to question the psychology and emotions of the stakeholders in the transmission of this small services business.

Study level/applicability
Masters students in Family Business, Management Science, Entrepreneurship, Small Business Management.

Case overview
After 19 years of existence, Moroccan Shipping is confronted at the beginning of 2010 to the issue of the sustainability of the family business. The founder directs his affair with an iron fist, and his sons, who were educated abroad, are determined not to get fooled. The father claims he wishes to be relieved from daily operations and handover part of his responsibilities to his second son. At the same time, the youngest doesn't feel like he fits in the present firm's configuration and is ready to quit.

Expected learning outcomes
This case study will lead users to work on several managerial dimensions of small family businesses in emerging economies. At first, the entrepreneur's traits might be highlighted, as they deeply affect the way the succession process may be handled. However, as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) specificity, the Moroccan family system will be taken into consideration to better analyse both the incumbent and the successor behaviours. Management tools may then be discussed to help with the transfer of both power and ownership in family businesses.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Costly moves: a strong brand, Dentonic loses its power
Authors: Meghani Shahnaz Mohammad ali 
Published: October 2014

Subject area
Marketing Management.

Study level/applicability
BBA Students of Marketing Management.

Case overview
The brand ⇓Dentonic” by Ala Chemicals was originally launched as a tooth powder meant for the middle and lower socioeconomic classes. The tooth powder was a hugely successful product. Dentonic tooth powder held the highest market share in the category at 80 per cent in the 1990s. However, the tooth powder market in the urban areas is declining and consumer preference is slowly moving to toothpastes. Although tooth powder is still used in the rural areas, some toothpaste manufacturers have extended their reach at the lower end of the market offering consumers “value propositions” in the shape of toothpaste at the comparable price of tooth powder. The market for dental cleaning products has seen a shift in terms of young consumers switching from powder to the lower-priced toothpaste brands. The company Ala Chemicals did not want to sit back and face a declining tooth powder market. Therefore, they launched a premium quality toothpaste by the same brand name, Dentonic, and made efforts to penetrate the premium segment of toothpaste. However, the marketing strategies did not have the desired effect and the company was unable to get consumers to accept Dentonic as a premium toothpaste. Although Ala Chemicals indulged in promotional spending, using social media, offering a high-quality product and making it accessible with competitive prices, somehow they were unable to create the required pull.

Expected learning outcomes
This study provides an example of how “over positioning” of a brand can be an impediment in the case of a brand extension, especially when a lower end brand is positioned as a premium brand. It is also meant to show that the product concept alone cannot lead to marketing success and consumer acceptance. It also exposes students to the requirement of creating a Unique Value Proposition in a brand and the difficulties of pursuing a segment invasion, without considering the entry barriers, and the marketing strategies/positions of competitors.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
The power of karma yoga in human development
Authors: Brown Shelley 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to focus on Swami Vivekananda’s teachings on higher self-development through karma yoga – spiritualizing contemporary life in today’s fast-paced world – and on evolving a more humane civilization through the service of enlightened citizens.

Design/methodology/approach
– Stressing the essential role of self-development in human progress, Swami Vivekananda taught Vedanta to East and West as a practical dynamic philosophy.

Findings
– With his prophetic vision, he adapted ancient wisdom for modern living in his concept of karma yoga. Extending the idea of “holy” to the whole of human endeavor, whether exploring truths in the world or discovering the light of the soul within, Vivekananda deemed every struggle sacred when pursued with sincere, selfless intent.

Originality/value
– Each action taken in the right spirit, Vivekananda taught, can manifest our innate divinity and bring us one step closer to our sublime nature, which acts in the common good.
Vivekananda’s interpretation of Vedanta philosophy and values for sustained human development
Authors: Sarvapriyananda Swami 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to outline the unique aspects of Vivekananda’s interpretation of Vedanta philosophy.

Design/methodology/approach
– The doctrine of the One and the many being the same reality is the philosophical core of the vast and varied treasury of Vivekananda’s teachings and, indeed, of his life.

Findings
– Vivekananda has given a remarkable interpretation of the Vedanta philosophy which is not only universal but also both inspiring and rational (and accommodative).

Practical implications
– Combining service with spirituality, grounding religion in rationality and being very contemporary in its sensitivities, Vivekananda’s thought is poised to become the ideology of the modern Indian nation.

Originality/value
– Vedanta philosophy is inclusive of ethics that are well-grounded in Vedantic metaphysics and constitutes a very effective response to the inequities and corruption widespread in contemporary societies.
Towards eradication of poverty and inequality: Vivekananda’s perspective for sustained human development
Authors: Baneshananda Swami 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The aims of this paper is to deal with the issue from the perspective of Swami Vivekananda’s original contribution toward our fight against “Inequality and Poverty”.

Design/methodology/approach
– Some of our approaches toward sustained human development are tangential in nature. However, it is a fact that no single objective is achievable without development on others.

Findings
– “Sustained Human Development” is a comprehensive subject.

Originality/value
– Ever since Vivekananda’s historic appearance in the Parliament of Religions in 1893 in Chicago, scholars of different fields have been engaged in assessing his seminal contributions in various areas of human development.
“Surplus in Man” and the capability-based sustained/total human development
Authors: Dutta Dilip 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to define a capability-based sustained/total human development, after reviewing both the concept of “Surplus in Man” as the source for achieving the Vedântic ideal of transcendence, and the capability approach to human development.

Design/methodology/approach
– The capability-based sustained/total human development has been defined by integrating the Vedântic concept of “Surplus in Man” and the deontological theories of morality into the basic approach to capability-based human development.

Findings
– An answer to the question: “How to apply a holistic approach to our daily life?” is outlined.

Practical implications
– An example is provided on the role of yoga and meditation as the key initial bridging forces between the Western and Eastern concept of mental health. Also, the recent trend in a morally demanding lifestyle of a section of people in the Western societies for moving towards a galloping spiritual pluralism has been exemplified.

Originality/value
– Role of responsibility of an individual human being along with his or her right has explicitly been emphasized in the approach to capability-based sustained/total human development.
Editorial
Authors: P. Abeles Tom 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This essay aims to explore the changing academic landscape, P-16 and beyond. Experience and study has shown that the current model of education, in general, and post-secondary education in particular, cannot hold in a rapidly changing, increasingly digital world. Institutions, faculty and students cannot be embedded in an Ivory Tower, separate from the larger world.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a structured essay exploring the future of education.

Findings
– How knowledge is created and acquired is changing. Student needs and access is evolving. Faculty rolls are being challenged. Economic models are under pressure and driving changes internationally.

Originality/value
– The article challenges conventional wisdom that incremental change in the higher education industry can be meaningfully accomplished, especially when driven by rapidly changing external factors.
The changing roles of higher education: curator, evaluator, connector and analyst
Authors: K. Wolfe Julianne , W. Andrews David 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify the changing role of higher education as it adapts to the information age. The article posits that a personalized, competency-based model will be the most successful.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is based on research and observations of post-secondary education. It relies on existing literature and comparisons across disciplines to demonstrate the need for change and the ability for universities to adapt to the current needs.

Findings
– Universities will focus less on information dissemination and more on increasing the quality of available information; improving programs and processes for learners; and ensuring that all learners receive, analyze and apply knowledge that will allow them to be successful in their fields. The paper describes the evidence for these needs and potential pathways for competence.

Practical implications
– Learners in the information age look to universities for different roles than in the past. Universities must be able to respond to learners’ preferences and needs, connecting with industries to determine best practices and training skills.

Originality/value
– This is an original work. This paper draws on existing literature and the expertise of education leaders involved in many national and regional associations on the future of education.
A literature review on central bank communication
Authors: T. Hughes Peter , Kesting Stefan 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to review the economic literature on central bank communication to address the questions of how economists account for the effects of speech acts and whether and to what extent discourse analysis is applied in their studies. Moreover, whether there may be room for more linguistic approaches to analyse central bank communication is investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
– A range of recently published (2004-2013) works in the area of central bank communication are critically scrutinized to highlight the current thinking in this area. The sources are organised into different sections, namely, communication in monetary policy theory; impacts of speech acts; optimizing central bank communication; and linguistic analysis of central bank communication.

Findings
– The current literature is developing a coherent argument that central bank communication is an important part of monetary policy and that speech acts by the central bank do have impacts at the macroeconomic level. Linguistic analysis does have the potential to contribute to this literature, as little attention has been paid to the content of the speech acts.

Originality/value
– This paper fulfils the need for an up-to-date review of the developing literature on central bank communication. This paper also provides support for linguistic analysis in this area.
Why do markets react to words?
Authors: Muchlinski Elke 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explain why central banking as a practice needs to be based on everyday language and communication because a central bank must be able to act flexibly. The meaning of a central bank’s language and communication is not a linear transferred meaning from the sender to the receiver. Language is not the gateway to transmitting a pre-given meaning. Whereas the meaning of a coded language is rooted in a pre-defined system independent of changing environment and context, everyday language is not. Expectation-building cannot be anchored in an artificial system such as formal language, codes and deductive premises based on formal language. In guiding expectations of economic agents, a central bank is a part of its own context through the language it uses in both its communication and in its policy of information disclosure concerning its own risk assessment.Design/methodology/approach– The paper explains the constitutive function of language for common understanding in central banking and monetary policy.Findings– The paper contributes to the literature on central bank communication and transparency.Originality/value– The interaction between the markets and the central bank is understandable within a particular history and context which also helps to build up or to restore confidence in monetary transactions and relations.
Money as metaphor
Authors: Ali Tanweer 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to examine two rival narratives regarding the nature and evolution of money with reference to metaphor.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article draws on theoretical literature on money. Post-Keynesian perspectives are given consideration due to the particular attention that this school has given to money.

Findings
– A crucial divide in the understanding of money is interpreted in terms of two different narratives. We conclude that the narrative of money as credit has greater explanatory power, but that the commodity narrative, which is metaphorical in nature, is easier to comprehend and conceptualize.

Research limitations/implications
– This study has been qualitative in nature; further research would require specification of a linguistic methodology, including selection and analysis of a corpus. A process for detecting metaphors within a selected corpus would also need to be established. Moreover, the discussion of the commodity metaphor as a normative theory has not considered the moral aspects of different views on debt and credit.

Social implications
– Study of metaphor should shed light on basic assumptions behind public policy choices. This should enhance the general understanding of related debates, for example on public spending (i.e. austerity versus stimulus).

Originality/value
– This article examines a familiar debate in economics using the methods of linguistics. The approach may also serve a function as a pedagogical tool.
Oligomer-in-water emulsion based waterborne UV-curable paints for cotton printing
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhang Kairui , Li Tao , Wang Chaoxia , Yang Fan 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to prepare waterborne UV-curable pigment pastes for cotton fabric printing.

Design/methodology/approach
– O/W (oligomer-in-water) emulsions of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) oligomer in sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) aqueous solution were prepared by ultrasonic emulsification method.

Findings
– The present work studies various factors affecting the stability and droplet size of the O/W emulsion stabilised by SDBS. The optimal emulsifier concentration was 2.5 per cent, under which condition the stability of the emulsion increased as the emulsifier content increased, with a subsequent decrease in the droplet size of the emulsion, while above which emulsion agglomeration occurred. Increasing the power and duration of ultrasonic dispersion resulted in increased emulsion stability and decreased droplet size, while increases in the oligomer content reduced the emulsion stability. Darocure 1173 mixed with PUA and then emulsified in the SDBS aqueous solution guaranteed uniform dispersion of the photoinitiator, resulting in faster curing speed.

Originality/value
– This paper presents a new method for making waterborne externally emulsified oligomers for UV curing, and finds that it is easy to convert the existing oligomers into waterborne equivalents by this method. Cotton fabrics printed with the oligomer emulsion based pastes were found to have good colour strength and crockfastness.
BisGMA/jute fibre/fly ash hybrid composites
Authors: Pritam Praharaj Ankita , Behera Dibakar , Kumar Bastia Tapan , Rath Prasanta , Mohanty Priyabrata 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to prepare BisGMA (bisphenol-A glycidyldimethacrylate)/jute fibre/fly ash hybrid composites with improved mechanical and corrosive properties.

Design/methodology/approach
– BisGMA prepolymer was first synthesised using diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A and methacrylic acid. Then 2-hydroxy ethylacrylate-treated jute fibre and sodium hydroxide-treated fly ash were incorporated in the fabrication of composites using dicumyl peroxide, cobalt naphthenate and N,N-dimethyl aniline as catalyst, accelerator and promoter, respectively. The composition of BisGMA, jute fibre and fly ash was kept constant, whereas treated and untreated jute fibre and fly ash were used alternatively.

Findings
– Treatment of both jute and fly ash leads to improved mechanical properties of composites. However, treated fabric plays a dominant role compared to treated fly ash as filler. Among all the composites, the one having both treated jute fibre and treated fly ash is the most suitable composite for structural applications.

Research limitations/implications
– The present investigation has come up with a hybrid composite that can be used for a wide range of applications like low-cost housing and structural projects, structural laminates, etc., as it is both corrosion- and moisture-resistant. It is also the most durable from the mechanical point of view. There is also a scope of using other fillers instead of fly ash to study the changes brought about in the mechanical properties.

Originality/value
– The above composites have never been fabricated before.