bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Bone Vibrator Position on Auditory Spatial Perception Tasks
Authors: McBride Maranda , Tran Phuong , Pollard Kimberly A. , Letowski Tomasz , McMillan Garnett P. 
Published: July 2015

Objective: This study assessed listeners’ ability to localize spatially differentiated virtual audio signals delivered by bone conduction (BC) vibrators and circumaural air conduction (AC) headphones. Background: Although the skull offers little intracranial sound wave attenuation, previous studies have demonstrated listeners’ ability to localize auditory signals delivered by a pair of BC vibrators coupled to the mandibular condyle bones. The current study extended this research to other BC vibrator locations on the skull. Method: Each participant listened to virtual audio signals originating from 16 different horizontal locations using circumaural headphones or BC vibrators placed in front of, above, or behind the listener’s ears. The listener’s task was to indicate the signal’s perceived direction of origin. Results: Localization accuracy with the BC front and BC top positions was comparable to that with the headphones, but responses for the BC back position were less accurate than both the headphones and BC front position. Conclusion: This study supports the conclusion of previous studies that listeners can localize virtual 3D signals equally well using AC and BC transducers. Based on these results, it is apparent that BC devices could be substituted for AC headphones with little to no localization performance degradation. Application: BC headphones can be used when spatial auditory information needs to be delivered without occluding the ears. Although vibrator placement in front of the ears appears optimal from the localization standpoint, the top or back position may be acceptable from an operational standpoint or if the BC system is integrated into headgear.
Iron overload induced by ferric ammonium citrate triggers reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis via both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in human hepatic cells
Authors: Li S-W , Liu C-M , Guo J , Marcondes AM , Deeg J , Li X , Guan F 
Published: July 2015

Background: Hepatic iron overload is common in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and may predispose to peri- and post-HCT toxicity. To better understand the mechanisms of iron overload-induced liver injury, we examined the effects of iron overload induced by ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) on oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling pathway in human hepatic cell line HH4. Methods and Results: Hepatic HH4 cells were exposed to FAC to force iron uptake, and cellular responses were determined. Incubation with 5 mM FAC resulted in increased intracellular iron content in a time-dependent manner. High concentration of FAC impaired cell viability and increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and addition of antioxidant reagent such as glutathione or N-acetylcysteine dramatically reduced FAC-induced intracellular ROS generation. FAC overload significantly increased the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB-α, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 and promoted the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Knockdown of Fas and Bid expression by small interfering RNA in iron-treated HH4 cells resulted in restoration of cell viability. Conclusions: We reported that FAC treatment is capable of inducing both extrinsic death receptor and intrinsic mitochondrial signaling pathway-mediated HH4 cells apoptosis through ROS-activated p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways.
Beneficial effects of carnosine and carnosine plus vitamin E treatments on doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and cardiac, hepatic, and renal toxicity in rats
Authors: Kumral A , Giriş M , Soluk-Tekkeşin M , Olgaç V , Doğru-Abbasoğlu S , Türkoğlu Ü , Uysal M 
Published: July 2015

Objective: Oxidative stress plays an important role in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced toxicity. Carnosine (CAR) is a dipeptide with antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the decreasing or preventive effect of CAR alone or combination with vitamin E (CAR + Vit E) on DOX-induced toxicity in heart, liver, and brain of rats. Methods: Rats were treated with CAR (250 mg kg−1 day−1; intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or CAR + Vit E (equals 200 mg kg−1 α-tocopherol; once every 3 days; intramuscularly) for 12 consecutive days. On the 8th day of treatment, rats were injected with a single dose of DOX (30 mg kg−1, i.p.). Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), urea, and creatinine levels; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities; and oxidative stress parameters in tissues were measured. We also determined thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, diene conjugate, protein carbonyl (PC), and glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. Results: DOX resulted in increased serum cTnI, ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels and increased lipid peroxide and PC levels in tissues. CAR or CAR + Vit E treatments led to decreases in serum cTnI levels and ALT and AST activities. These treatments reduced prooxidant status and ameloriated histopathologic findings in the examined tissues. Conclusion: Our results may indicate that CAR alone, especially in combination with Vit E, protect against DOX-induced toxicity in heart, liver, and kidney tissues of rats. This was evidenced by improved cardiac, hepatic, and renal markers and restoration of the prooxidant state and amelioration of histopathologic changes.
Improving the Quality of Outpatient Diabetes Care Using an Information Management System
Authors: Weissmann Joerg , Mueller Angelika , Messinger Diethelm , Parkin Christopher G. , Amann-Zalan Ildiko 
Published: July 2015

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of information management system (IMS) use with individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who were treated in outpatient settings. Methods: In this 7-month, prospective, observational study, 965 adults with diabetes, mean (SD) baseline HbA1c 8.61(1.2)% (70.6[13.1] mmol/mol), were recruited from 132 outpatient care centers in Germany and Denmark. HbA1c was measured at baseline, month 4, and month 7. IMS reports were generated from uploaded self-monitored blood glucose data and therapy adjustments were documented at months 1 and 4. Hypoglycemic events were documented. Results: Mean (SD) HbA1c decreased from baseline in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients at month 4 (–0.61[1.03]% (–6.7[11.3] mmol/mol), n = 213; –0.88[1.22]% (–9.6[13.3] mmol/mol), n = 589, respectively) and month 7 (–0.64[1.02]% (–7.0[11.1] mmol/mol), n = 219; –0.93[1.27]% (–10.2[13.9] mmol/mol), n = 594, respectively), all P < .0001, with no increase in hypoglycemic events. Therapy was adjusted in 106(42.7)% type 1 and 349(52.4)% type 2 diabetes patients at months 1 and 105(42.3)% type 1 and 282(42.3)% type 2 diabetes patients at month 4. Physicians used IMS reports to make therapy adjustments in 90% of patients at month 1 and 86% of patients at month 4. Conclusions: Integration of the IMS into outpatient care facilitates significant improvements in glycemic control.
Economic Burden of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Adverse Events in the United States
Authors: Dekoven Mitch , Makin Charles , Slaff Samantha , Marcus Michael , Maiese Eric M. 
Published: July 2015

Objective: To estimate health care costs associated with medical events identified as antiretroviral therapy (ART)-attributable adverse events (AEs). Methods: During September 2006 to June 2012, adults with ≥1 HIV International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code (042/V08), ≥1 claim for ART prescription (March 2007-June 2011; index date), and continuous health plan enrollment for ≥6 months pre- and ≥12 months postindex were included (IMS’ PharMetrics Plus Health Plan Claims Database). Patients with events of interest/ART claim during preindex period or with pregnancy/hepatitis C virus diagnosis/hepatitis B virus/cancer/tuberculosis during the study period were excluded. Postindex medical events were defined as first diagnosis code of event with ART claim ≤60 days prior to start of the event. Results: Differences in median total all-cause health care costs observed for diabetes/insulin resistance management (US$14 547 median all-cause health care costs during time periods identified as diabetes/insulin resistance medical events versus US$11 237 without diabetes/insulin resistance events; P = .0021), lipid disorders (US$12 825 versus US$10 033; P = .0004), and renal disorders (US$1389 versus US$0; P < .0001). Discussion/Conclusion: Health care costs of ART AEs should be key consideration for payers/providers in HIV management.
Sleep problems and self-harm in adolescence
Authors: Hysing Mari , Sivertsen Børge , Stormark Kjell Morten , O'Connor Rory C. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundAlthough self-harm and sleep problems are major public health problems in
adolescence, detailed epidemiological assessment is essential to
understand the nature of this relationship.AimsTo conduct a detailed assessment of the relationship between sleep and
self-harm in adolescence.MethodA large population-based study in Norway surveyed 10 220 adolescents aged
16–19 years on mental health, including a comprehensive assessment of
sleep and self-harm.ResultsAdolescents with sleep problems were significantly more likely to report
self-harm than those without sleep problems. Insomnia, short sleep
duration, long sleep onset latency, wake after sleep on set as well as
large differences between weekdays versus weekends, yielded higher odds
of self-harm consistent with a dose–response relationship. Depressive
symptoms accounted for some, but not all, of this association.ConclusionsThe findings highlight a strong relationship between sleep problems and
self-harm. Interventions to reduce adolescent self-harm ought to
incorporate sleep problems as a treatment target.
Loci with genome-wide associations with schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Xiang Yuqian , Chen Jianhua , Li Qiaoli , Shen Jiawei , Liu Yun , Li Wenjin , Xing Qinghe , Wang Qingzhong , Wang Lei , Feng Guoyin , He Lin , Zhao Xinzhi , Shi Yongyong 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundA large schizophrenia genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a subsequent extensive replication study of individuals of European ancestry identified eight new loci with genome-wide significance and suggested that theMIR137-mediated pathway plays a role in the predisposition for schizophrenia.AimsTo validate the above findings in a Han Chinese population.MethodWe analysed the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the newly identified schizophrenia candidate loci and predictedMIR137target genes based on our published Han Chinese populations (BIOX) GWAS data. We then analysed 18 SNPs from the candidate regions in an independent cohort that consisted of 3585 patients with schizophrenia and 5496 controls of Han Chinese ancestry.ResultsWe replicated the associations of five markers (P<0.05), including three that were located in the predictedMIR137target genes. Two loci (ITIH3/4: rs2239547,P=1.17×10–10andCALN1: rs2944829,P=9.97×10–9) exhibited genome-wide significance in the Han Chinese population.ConclusionsTheITIH3/4locus has been reported to be of genome-wide significance in the European population. The successful replication of this finding in a different ethnic group provides stronger evidence for the association between schizophrenia andITIH3/4. We detected the first genome-wide significant association of schizophrenia withCALN1, which is a predicted target ofMIR137, and thus provide new evidence for the associations betweenMIR137targets and schizophrenia.
Estudo de Políticas Públicas a Partir de Narrativas: O Caso do Processo de Elaboração do Programa de Revitalização e Desenvolvimento da Região Central Histórica de Santos
Authors: Bittencourt Lúcio Nagib , Fontenelle Isleide Arruda 
Published: July 2015

Reconhecendo a existência de diferentes perspectivas sobre como conduzir estudos sobre políticas públicas, este artigo traz como proposta abordagem teórico-metodológica cujas bases são: a noção de Alvesson e Kärreman de pesquisa social como construção de enredos de suspense tendo o objeto empírico como disparador; o conceito de Spink de campo-tema; e, principalmente, o levantamento e estudo das narrativas conforme indicado por Czarniawska. O caso escolhido para explorar essa abordagem é o processo de elaboração do Programa de Revitalização e Desenvolvimento da Região Central Histórica de Santos, também conhecido como programa Alegra Centro. Sugere-se que o instrumento de estudo de narrativas demonstra-se capaz de reconhecer a complexidade do campo-tema e, nesse sentido, das políticas públicas que são objeto de nossos estudos, lançando luz e mapeando questões de pesquisa em diálogo com os atores que com elas se relacionam no cotidiano.Palavras-chave: Políticas públicas, narrativas, público, centros históricos, revitalizaçãoAbstractAcknowledging the existence of different perspectives about how to study public policies, this paper proposes a theoretical-methodological approach based on: Alvesson and Kärreman ́s notion on social science inquiry as constructing mysteries based on empirical matters; Spink ́s concept of "theme-field"; and, most of all, the gathering and studying of narratives, according to Czarniawska ́s work. The case study chosen to explore this approach is the elaboration process of the Program for Revitalization and Development of the city of Santos ́ Central Historical Region, also known as Cheer Up Centre. We suggest that the narrative studies shows itself capable of acknowledging the complexity of the theme-field and, in that sense, of the public policies that are object of our studies, enlightening and mapping research questions in dialogue with actors that are related to them in everyday life.Keywords: Public policy, narratives, public, historic centres, revitalization
Health and Economic Development in Brazil: Analysis of Public Health Expenditure in Brazil Between 1930-1964
Authors: Pires Julio Manuel , Oliveira Jorge Henrique Caldeira de , Gomes Erasmo José 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to examine the debate concerning the health/economic development relation in the course of 1930-64. We intend to show that, specially from the 1950's, the hegemony of the developmentalism ideas implicated in significative change in the discourse regarding the health public expenses, which reflected directly in the managed resources to this area. Key-words: Health, Populism, Public Expenditure, Developmentalism, Social Policy Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o debate sobre a relação saúde/desenvolvimento econômico, no curso de 1930-1964. Pretendemos mostrar que, especialmente a partir da década de 1950, a hegemonia das ideias desenvolvimentistas implicaram em uma mudança significativa no discurso sobre as despesas públicas de saúde, o que refletiu diretamente nos recursos gerenciados para esta área. Palavras-chave: Saúde, populismo, despesa pública, desenvolvimentismo, Política Social
Regime de Bem-estar Social no Brasil: Três Períodos Históricos, Três Diferenças em Relação ao Modelo Europeu Social-democrata
Authors: Grin Eduardo José 
Published: July 2015

Resumo O regime de bem-estar social no Brasil pode ser comparado com o modelo social-democrata europeu em três períodos históricos, apesar das especificidades e diferenças que aqui adquiriu. No período 1930-1964, serão abordadas a importância da concepção de cidadania regulada para a definição de direitos sociais no Brasil e a comparação com o desenvolvimento da cidadania nacional e o papel dos sindicatos no welfare state na Europa. No período 1964-1985, será apresentada a forma como se estruturou a política social do regime militar, enquanto, na Europa, havia um ambiente democrático, com direitos sociais universais e participação social como bases do regime de bem-estar social. No período após 1985, com ênfase na fase da segunda reforma social iniciada pós-Plano Real (1994), será destacada a visão mais generosa e universalizante de direitos sociais. Para esse período, será importante apontar como, na Europa, nesse momento, se questionaram as bases materiais e a concepção do welfare state, visando, ao mesmo tempo, revisar alguns fundamentos para mantê-lo como padrão de solidariedade social.Palavras-chave: cidadania; direitos; igualdade; democracia; desigualdade. AbstractThe social welfare system in Brazil can be compared with the European social democratic model in three historical periods, despite the specificities and differences. The period of 1930-1964 will address the importance of the concept of citizenship regulated to the definition of social rights in Brazil and compare it with the development of national citizenship and the role of trade unions in the welfare state in Europe. The period of 1964-1985 will present the structure of the military regime's social policy while in Europe there was a democratic environment with universal social rights and social participation as the basis for the system of social welfare. The period after 1985, with emphasis on the second phase of social reform initiated after the Real Plan (1994), will highlight the more generous and universalizing vision of social rights. This period will be important to compare as Europe, at that time, questioned the material foundation and the design of the welfare state while aiming to review some grounds to keep it as a pattern of social solidarity.Key words: Citizenship - Rights - Equality - Democracy - Inequality
Programa Bolsa Família: Acompanhamento Familiar no Sistema Único de Assistência Social
Authors: Santiago Maria das Graças de Oliveira , Gramacho Maria Vitória de Souza Dantas , Dazzani Maria Virginia Machado 
Published: July 2015

RESUMOO artigo analisa criticamente os formulários de Acompanhamento Familiar dos Beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) em situação de descumprimento das condicionalidades na Educação. Os acompanhamentos foram realizados no período de doze meses (2011-2012) pela equipe técnica do Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS), do município de Riachão do Jacuípe no estado da Bahia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de análise documental, com abordagem qualitativa, que explora alguns pontos de discussão em torno dos motivos da baixa frequência escolar de crianças e jovens beneficiários do PBF e do papel do CRAS no fortalecimento do vínculo familiar com a escola e a comunidade. O estudo sugere que há dissonâncias no registro dos motivos da baixa frequência escolar no Sistema Presença do MEC, o que compromete a acessibilidade, a permanência e qualidade do ensino, a intersetorialidade e o repasse financeiro às famílias. Ao final, discutem-se os principais desafios da sustentabilidade futura do PBF por meio da articulação em rede, ressaltando a importância do Acompanhamento Familiar como uma das ações que potencializa o acesso aos serviços públicos e consolida a cidadania. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Programa Bolsa Família. Acompanhamento familiar. Escola. Intersetorialidede. Condicionalidades. Abstract This paper critically analyzes the Bolsa Família Program's (PBF) Beneficiaries Monitoring Family in a situation of non-compliance with conditions in Education. The technical staff of the Social Assistance Reference Center (CRAS) of Riachão de Jacuípe, Bahia conducted the follow-ups in the twelve-month period (2011-2012). Therefore, it conducts a documental research that explores some points of discussion on the reasons for low attendance of children and young people beneficiaries of the PBF and the role of CRAS in strengthening family ties with the school and the community through home visits to families or through participation in living groups offered by CRAS and municipal projects. Finally, it discusses the main challenges in the future sustainability of Bolsa Família through networking and complementary programs aimed at empowering families and individuals. Keywords: Bolsa Família Program. Family accompaniment. School. Intersectorial. Conditions.
Evidence against pain specificity in the dorsal posterior insula
Authors: Davis Karen D. , Bushnell M. Catherine , Iannetti Gian Domenico , St. Lawrence Keith , Coghill Robert 
Published: July 2015

The search for a “pain centre” in the brain has long eluded neuroscientists. Although many regions of the brain have been shown to respond to painful stimuli, all of these regions also respond to other types of salient stimuli. In a recent paper, Segerdahl et al. (Nature Neuroscience, 2015) claims that the dorsal posterior insula (dpIns) is a pain-specific region based on the observation that the magnitude of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) fluctuations in the dpIns correlated with the magnitude of evoked pain. However, such a conclusion is, simply, not justified by the experimental evidence provided. Here we discuss three major factors that seriously question this claim.
Oedipus in Africa: Mudimbe and classical antiquity
Authors: Orrells Daniel 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The history of modern European thought has characterized the pursuit of philosophy as an essentially Greek occupation. The Greco-Roman philosophical tradition has also provided models and alibis for the European colonial project. What, then, does it mean to be an African philosopher in this historical context? Can the African philosopher utilize the Greco-Roman tradition for the sake of postcolonialist critique? Or does the African philosopher end up replicating the sins of the father like Oedipus, King of Thebes? This article examines V. Y. Mudimbe’s interest in the meaning of this myth for the postcolonial African philosopher.
L’histoire de la pensée moderne européenne a fait de la philosophie une occupation essentiellement grecque. La tradition philosophique gréco-romaine a aussi fourni des modèles et des alibis au projet colonial européen. Dans un tel contexte historique, que signifie, alors, être philosophe africain? Est-il en mesure de se prévaloir de la tradition gréco-romaine pour monter une critique postcoloniale? Ou doit-il plutôt se résigner, à l’instar d’OEdipe, roi de Thèbes, à répéter les péchés de son père ? Cet article entreprend d’examiner la signification du mythe oedipien dans l’oeuvre de V. Y. Mudimbe et de définir le rôle que le penseur congolais lui assigne dans le cadre d’une philosophie africaine postcoloniale.
Experimental Verification of the Concrete Shrinkage Strains Course According to En 1992-2 Standard
Authors: Raczkiewicz W. , Bacharz M. , Bacharz K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The article provides basic information about the shrinkage of concrete and discusses the major impact on the size and course of the shrinkage. There are the guidelines to estimate the shrinkage strain of concrete bridge structures for the high tensile strength-SCI in accordance with PN-EN 1992-2. The article presents the results of experimental studies which aim was to analyze the course of shrinkage in two types of specimens made of different composition mixes. The studies have also made possible to verify the actual size of the shrinkage strain and designated ones on the basis of the PN-EN 1992-2.