bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotopic composition of sheep wool records seasonality of climate and diet
Authors: Zazzo A. , Cerling T. E. , Ehleringer J. R. , Moloney A. P. , Monahan F. J. , Schmidt O. 
Published: July 2015

RationaleHair keratin is a very important material in ecological and archaeological studies because it grows continuously, can be obtained non‐invasively, does not require extensive processing prior to analysis and can be found in archaeological sites. Only a few studies have examined seasonal variations in hair isotope values, and there is no published dataset examining the isotope variability recorded in the keratinous tissues of stationary (i.e., non‐migrating) domestic mammals.MethodsThirty‐six Irish sheep were sampled in eight farms every three months between September 2006 and June 2007. A shearing strategy was adopted to sample only the most recently grown wool in order to represent an average of the summer, autumn, winter and spring conditions. The stable isotope ratios of the ground samples were measured using two different stable isotope mass spectrometers operated in dual‐inlet (C, N) and continuous‐flow (O, H) mode.ResultsWool O isotope ratios are a good proxy for seasonal variability in climate and can be used to anchor a chronology independently of other isotope records (C, N) that are influenced by diet or physiology. By contrast, interpretation of seasonal variations in hair H isotope composition in terms of climate is more complex probably due to the influence of dietary H. The C and N isotope values of grass‐fed animals varied seasonally, probably reflecting the annual cycle of seasonal variation in grass isotope values. The highest δ13C values were measured in summer‐grown wool, while the highest δ15N values were measured in winter‐grown wool. Supplementation of the sheep diet with concentrates was detected easily and was marked by an increase in δ13C values and a decrease in δ15N values in winter‐grown wool.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that time‐resolved sampling and stable isotope ratio analysis of sheep wool can be used to identify short‐term changes in diet and climate and therefore offer a tool to examine a wide variety of present and past husbandry practices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry study of forced degradation of azilsartan medoxomil potassium
Authors: Swain Debasish , Patel Prinesh N. , Palaniappan Ilayaraja , Sahu Gayatri , Samanthula Gananadhamu 
Published: July 2015

RationaleAzilsartan medoxomil potassium (AZM) is a new antihypertensive drug introduced in the year 2011. The presence of degradation products not only affects the quality, but also the safety aspects of the drug. Thus, it is essential to develop an efficient analytical method which could be useful to selectively separate and identify the degradation products of azilsartan medoxomil potassium.MethodsAZM was subjected to forced degradation under hydrolytic (acid, base and neutral), oxidative, photolytic and thermal stress conditions. Separation of the drug and degradation products was achieved by a liquid chromatography (LC) method using an Acquity UPLC® C18 CSH column with mobile phase consisting of 0.02% trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile using a gradient method. Identification and characterization of the degradation products was carried out using LC/electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐QTOFMS).ResultsA total of five degradation products (DP 1 to DP 5) were formed under various stress conditions and their structures were proposed with the help of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments and accurate mass data. A common degradation product (DP 4) was observed under all the degradation conditions. DP 1, DP 2 and DP 5 were observed under acid hydrolytic conditions whereas DP 3 was observed under alkaline conditions.ConclusionsAZM was found to degrade under hydrolytic, oxidative and photolytic stress conditions. The structures of all the degradation products were proposed. The degradation pathway for the formation of degradation products was also hypothesized. A selective method was developed to quantify the drug in the presence of degradation products which is useful to monitor the quality of AZM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Barriers for Deriving Transgene-Free Pig iPS Cells with Episomal Vectors
Authors: Du Xuguang , Feng Tao , Yu Dawei , Wu Yuanyuan , Zou Huiying , Ma Shuangyu , Feng Chong , Huang Yongye , Ouyang Hongsheng , Hu Xiaoxiang , Pan Dengke , Li Ning , Wu Sen 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
To date no authentic embryonic stem cell (ESC) line or germline-competent-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line has been established for large animals. Despite this fact, there is an impression in the field that large animal ESCs or iPSCs are as good as mouse counterparts. Clarification of this issue is important for a healthy advancement of the stem cell field. Elucidation of the causes of this failure in obtaining high quality iPSCs/ESCs may offer essential clues for eventual establishment of authentic ESCs for large animals including humans. To this end, we first generated porcine iPSCs using nonintegrating replicating episomal plasmids. Although these porcine iPSCs met most pluripotency criteria, they could neither generate cloned piglets through nuclear transfer, nor contribute to later stage chimeras through morula injections or aggregations. We found that the reprogramming genes in iPSCs could not be removed even under negative selection, indicating they are required to maintain self-renewal. The persistent expression of these genes in porcine iPSCs in turn caused differentiation defects in vivo. Therefore, incomplete reprogramming manifested by a reliance on sustained expression of exogenous-reprogramming factors appears to be the main reason for the inability of porcine iPSCs to form iPSC-derived piglets. Stem Cells 2015;33:3228–3238
Chorioamniotic membrane separation after fetoscopy in monochorionic twin pregnancy: incidence and impact on perinatal outcome
Authors: Ortiz J. U. , Eixarch E. , Peguero A. , Lobmaier S. M. , Bennasar M. , Martinez J. M. , Gratacós E. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of chorioamniotic membrane separation (CMS) after fetoscopy in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins and its impact on pregnancy outcome.MethodsThe study group comprised a consecutive series of 338 women with an MCDA pregnancy complicated by twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) or selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) treated with selective laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels (SLPCV) or cord occlusion (CO). Data obtained included cervical length, gestational age at procedure, type and duration of surgery and placental location. The incidence of CMS, the rates of miscarriage and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM), gestational age at delivery and neonatal survival were recorded.ResultsOf the study population of MCDA pregnancies, 270 (79.9%) had TTTS and 68 (20.1%) had sIUGR. SLPCV was performed in 252 (74.6%) cases and CO in 86 (25.4%). Postoperative CMS was observed in 70 (20.7%) cases. Patients with CMS had higher rates of miscarriage (14.3% vs 7.1%; P = 0.049), PPROM before 32 weeks (43.3% vs 13.7%; P < 0.001) and preterm delivery before 32 weeks (53.3% vs 26.1%; P < 0.001) and a lower rate of neonatal survival of at least one twin (81.7% vs 93.6%; P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that gestational age at surgery was the only independent predictor, with the highest proportion of CMS occurring in cases that underwent surgery before 18 weeks' gestation (odds ratio, 2.941 (95% CI, 1.640–5.275); P < 0.001). There was no influence of cervical length, placental location, duration of surgery or type of surgery on the risk of CMS.ConclusionsCMS complicated one‐fifth of all MCDA pregnancies that underwent fetoscopy. It appeared to be more common in those who underwent surgery before 18 weeks' gestation and was associated with poorer outcomes. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Staging Laparoscopy for Patients with cM0, Type 4, and Large Type 3 Gastric Cancer
Authors: Miki Yuichiro , Tokunaga Masanori , Tanizawa Yutaka , Bando Etsuro , Kawamura Taiichi , Terashima Masanori 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground
Staging laparoscopy (SL) is considered useful for detecting peritoneal metastasis, a task that is difficult using conventional imaging modalities. However, indications for the procedure remain unclear, with differences evident across reports. The present study aimed to clarify the effectiveness and limitations of SL for patients with type 4 and large type 3 gastric cancer.MethodsWe included 88 patients with cM0, type 4 or large type 3 gastric cancer who underwent SL at the Shizuoka Cancer Center from August 2008 to June 2014, to determine the detection rate of peritoneal metastasis by SL. In addition, we calculated the false‐negative rate of SL by recruiting patients who were diagnosed as P0 at SL and underwent laparotomy within 28 days after the SL.ResultsP0CY0, P0CY1, P1CY0, and P1CY1 were diagnosed in 41 (46.6 %), 15 (17.0 %), 15 (17.0 %), and 17 (19.3 %) patients, respectively. Accordingly, clinically non‐evident peritoneal metastasis was found in 36.3 % of patients, and 53.4 % of patients were diagnosed with stage IV. In addition, 29 patients diagnosed as P0 at SL underwent laparotomy within 28 days after the SL. Among them, peritoneal metastasis was found in five patients. Thus, the false‐negative rate was 17.2 % (5/29, 95 % CI 7.6–34.6 %).ConclusionsSL is useful for detecting previously unsuspected peritoneal metastasis and for avoiding unnecessary laparotomy, although the high false‐negative rate cannot be ignored. Patients with cM0, type 4, and large type 3 gastric cancer are considered suitable candidates for SL.
CO2‐Switchable Oil/Water Emulsion for Pipeline Transport of Heavy Oil
Authors: Lu Hongsheng , Guan Xueqian , Wang Baogang , Huang Zhiyu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBy mixing an aqueous solution of tertiary amine, N,N‐dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), with naphthenic acid (RCOOH) derived from heavy oil, a CO2 switchable zwitterionic surfactant (RCOO−DMEAH+) aqueous system was constructed. The CO2 switchability of this zwitterionic surfactant was confirmed by visual inspection, pH measurements, and conductivity tests, i.e., the RCOO−DMEAH+ decomposed into RCOOH, DMEAH+ and HCO3− after bubbling CO2 through but switched back to its original state by subsequent bubbling N2 through at 80 °C to remove the CO2. The interfacial tension tests of heavy oil in DMEA aqueous solutions indicated that the solution containing 0.5 wt% of DMEA and 0.2 wt% of NaCl resulted in the lowest interfacial tension. The O/W emulsion formed when aqueous solutions of DMEA were used to emulsify heavy oil exhibited the best performance when the oil/water volume ratio, DMEA concentration, and NaCl concentration were 65:35, 0.5 and 0.2 wt%, respectively. The feasibility of pipeline transport of the O/W heavy oil emulsion was evaluated. The results illustrated that the demulsification of the O/W emulsion after transport could be easily realized by bubbling CO2 through. Although demulsification efficiency still needs to be improved, the recycling of the aqueous phase after demulsification by removal of CO2 looks promising.
Characterization of a Partially Purified Extract from Flax (Linumusitatissimum L.) Seed
Authors: Waszkowiak Katarzyna , Barthet Véronique J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA water‐soluble partially purified extract from defatted flax seed was obtained and characterized; it contained proteins (828.8 g/Kg), as well as water‐soluble carbohydrates (101.4 g/Kg) and phenolic compounds (22.2 g/Kg), essentially secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG, 18.40 g/Kg) and ferulic acid (1.45 g/Kg) and p–coumaric acid (2.07 mg/kg) mainly in their glycoside forms. Proteins of 23–24 kDa were the main protein fractions found in the extract. In an emulsion model system, the flax extract was able to inhibit the production of oxidation products (conjugated diene, peroxides and aldehydes) as well as the degradation of flax oil carotenoids. The antioxidant effects of the flax extract were concentration dependent. Oxidation kinetics of the emulsion supplemented with 0.10 % flax extract were similar to the oxidation kinetics of the control blank, whereas, oxidation parameters of the emulsion supplemented with 0.48 % (and higher) flax extract were equal to or better than the oxidation parameters obtained with the test control emulsion containing 0.01 % BHT. These results suggested that flax seed phenolic compounds (SDG) and low molecular weight proteins, both found in the studied extract, might have very strong antioxidant properties. This is paper number 1089 of the Canadian Grain Commission.
Coping Strategies and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: a Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Authors: Gutiérrez-Zotes A. , Labad J. , Martín-Santos R. , García-Esteve L. , Gelabert E. , Jover M. , Guillamat R. , Mayoral F. , Gornemann I. , Canellas F. , Gratacós M. , Guitart M. , Roca M. , Costas J. , Luis Ivorra J. , Navinés R. , de Diego-Otero Y. , Vilella E. , Sanjuan J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundVariables such as the mother's personality, social support, coping strategies and stressful events have been described as risk factors for postpartum depression. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis was used to examine whether neuroticism, perceived social support, perceived life events, and coping strategies are associated with postpartum depressive symptoms at the 8th and 32nd weeks.MethodsA total of 1626 pregnant women participated in a longitudinal study. Different evaluations were performed 8 and 32 weeks after delivery. Several measures were used: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-RS), the St. Paul Ramsey life events scale and the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. The brief COPE scale was used to measure coping strategies. SEM analysis was conducted for all women and in those women with a clinical diagnosis of postpartum depression.ResultsPassive coping strategies were associated with postpartum depressive symptoms at both visits (8th and 32nd weeks). Neuroticism was associated with more passive coping strategies and less active coping strategies. Neuroticism and life stress were positively correlated, and social support was negatively correlated with life stress and neuroticism.ConclusionsEarly identification of potential risk for symptomatology of depression postpartum should include assessment of neuroticism, life events, social support and coping strategies.
Adaptive location of repaired blade for multi-axis milling
Authors: Wu Baohai , Wang Jian , Zhang Ying , Luo Ming 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Free-form blades are widely used in different industries, such as aero-engine and steam turbine. Blades that are damaged during service or have production deficiencies are usually replaced with new ones. This leads to the waste of expensive material and is not sustainable. However, material and costs can be saved by repairing of locally damaged blades or blades with localized production deficiencies. The blade needs to be further machined after welding process to reach the aerodynamic performance requirements. This paper outlines an adaptive location approach of repaired blade for model reconstruction and NC machining. Firstly, a mathematical model is established to describe the localization problem under constraints. Secondly, by solving the mathematical model, localization of repaired blade for NC machining can be obtained. Furthermore, a more flexible method based on the proposed mathematical model and the continuity of the deformation process is developed to realize a better localization. Thirdly, by rebuilding the model of the repaired blade and extracting repair error, optimized tool paths for NC machining is generated adaptively for each individual part. Finally, three examples are given to validate the proposed method.
Highlights A mathematical model is established to describe the localization problem. Detailed solution steps are given to solve the problem. Global location method and cross section location method are introduced. Repaired blade model is built for allowance extraction and tool path generation. Material and cost savings can be achieved by repairing of locally damaged blades.
Tourist Opinions on Animal Culling: A South Australian Example
Authors: Moskwa Emily C 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEnvironmental education is commonly used to satisfy the natural curiosity of tourists, increase conservation awareness and strengthen pro-conservation values. Yet it does not always address the more sensitive ecosystem management issues such as animal culling as it may be seen to upset the balance of the positive tourist experience. For this reason, this study compared acceptance and non-acceptance of animal culling from two angles: for tourists either provided or not provided with a brief passage of information regarding why animals may be culled; and tourists’ opinions on the culling of native versus non-native animal species. Conducted in the Flinders Ranges of South Australia where conservation and tourism co-exist within a traditional pastoral setting, 789 self-administered questionnaires were analysed. Results highlighted the differences in tourists’ acceptance levels for the culling of native and non-native species, as well as the possible influence of environmental information on these acceptance levels.
DIFFERENCES IN EUROPEAN MORTALITY RATES: A GEOMETRIC APPROACH ON THE AGE–PERIOD PLANE
Authors: Christiansen Marcus C. , Spodarev Evgeny , Unseld Verena 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAge and period are the most widely used parameters for forecasting mortality rates. Empirical mortality rate differences in multiple populations often show strong geometric patterns on the two-dimensional age–period plane. The idea of this paper is to take these geometric patterns as the starting point for the development of forecasts. A parametric approach is presented and discussed which uses simple techniques from spatial statistics. The proposed model is statistically parsimonious and yields forecasts that are consistent with the historical data and coherent for multiple populations.
THE HETEROGENEITY PROBLEM FOR SENSITIVITY ACCOUNTS
Authors: Melchior Guido 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTOffering a solution to the skeptical puzzle is a central aim of Nozick's sensitivity account of knowledge. It is well-known that this account faces serious problems. However, because of its simplicity and its explanatory power, the sensitivity principle has remained attractive and has been subject to numerous modifications, leading to a ‘second wave’ of sensitivity accounts. I will object to these accounts, arguing that sensitivity accounts of knowledge face two problems. First, they deliver a far too heterogeneous picture of higher-level beliefs about the truth or falsity of one's own beliefs. Second, this problem carries over to bootstrapping and Moorean reasoning. Some beliefs formed via bootstrapping or Moorean reasoning are insensitive, but some closely related beliefs in even stronger propositions are sensitive. These heterogeneous results regarding sensitivity do not fit with our intuitions about bootstrapping and Moorean reasoning. Thus, neither Nozick's sensitivity account of knowledge nor any of its modified versions can provide the basis for an argument that bootstrapping and Moorean reasoning are flawed or for an explanation why they seem to be flawed.
Lateralisation abnormalities in obsessive–compulsive disorder: a line bisection study
Authors: Rao Naren Prahlada , Arasappa Rashmi , Reddy Nalini Narayana , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , Reddy Y.C. Janardhan 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveAsymmetry in brain structure and function is implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Although right hemisphere abnormality has been documented in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), cerebral asymmetry is rarely examined. Therefore, in this study, we examined anomalous cerebral asymmetry in OCD patients using the line bisection task.MethodsA total of 30 patients with OCD and 30 matched healthy controls were examined using a reliable and valid two-hand line bisection (LBS) task. The comparative profiles of LBS scores were analysed using analysis of covariance.ResultsPatients with OCD bisected significantly less number of lines to the left and had significant rightward deviation than controls, indicating right hemisphere dysfunction. The correlations observed in this study suggest that those with impaired laterality had more severe illness at baseline.ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicate abnormal cerebral lateralisation and right hemisphere dysfunction in OCD patients.
Echinococcus multilocularis in Kyrgyzstan: similarity in the Asian EmsB genotypic profiles from village populations of Eastern mole voles (Ellobius tancrei) and dogs in the Alay valley
Authors: Afonso E. , Knapp J. , Tête N. , Umhang G. , Rieffel D. , van Kesteren F. , Ziadinov I. , Craig P.S. , Torgerson P.R. , Giraudoux P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEchinococcus multilocularis is a cestode that causes human alveolar echinococcosis, a lethal zoonosis of public health concern in central Asia and western China. In the present study, one of 42 Eastern mole voles (Ellobius tancrei) caught in Sary Mogol (Alay valley, southern Kyrgyzstan) presented liver lesions with E. multilocularis from which the EmsB target was amplified. The Asian profile obtained was almost identical to one amplified from domestic dog faeces collected in a nearby village. This observation adds additional information to the potential role of E. tancrei in the transmission of E. multilocularis, and to the known distribution range of E. multilocularis (Asian strain) in central Asia.
New perspectives on stone bead technology at Bronze Age Troy
Authors: Ludvik Geoffrey , Kenoyer J. Mark , Pieniążek Magda , Aylward William 
Published: July 2015

AbstractStone beads from the site of Troy, Turkey, have been studied in order to understand better the nature of lapidary technology and trade during the third to second millennium BC in this part of Anatolia. Eighteen carnelian and two rock crystal beads were documented through visual examinations, measurement and photography to identify the raw material, as well as general aspects of manufacture and style. Silicone impressions of the drill holes as well as some of the engraved surfaces were made in order to study the nature of drilling and abrasion under a Scanning Electron Microscope. Through these studies, it is possible to identify the presence of different types of bead production and drilling technology during each major chronological period at the site. Some of the beads may have been produced at Troy or at nearby sites in Anatolia while others have links to the southern Aegean and eastern Mediterranean regions as well as the more distant regions of Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley.