bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight Control Behaviors Among Adult Men and Women: Cause for Concern?
Authors: Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne , Shenvood Nancy E. , French Simone A. , Jefsery Robert W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNEUMARK‐SZTAINER, DIANNE, NANCY E. SHERWOOD, SIMONE A. FRENCH, AND ROBERT W. JEFFERY. Weight control behaviors among adult men and women: cause for concern? Obes Res.Objectives To examine gender differences in weight control behaviors; their duration and the consistency of their use over a 3‐year period; and variations of these behaviors by body mass index (BMI).Research Methods and Procedures The study population included 714 women and 229 men participating in a community‐based weight gain prevention program who completed surveys about their weight control behaviors annually for 3 years. General dieting behaviors (e.g., current, regular, and past dieting), dietary restraint (using Restrained Eating subscale of the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire), and specific weight control practices (e.g., increasing exercise, skipping meals, and taking laxatives) were assessed.Results Women were more likely than men to report weight control behaviors, with particularly strong associations found between gender and “history of dieting” (odds ratio = 8.1) and “participation in an organized weight loss program” (odds ratio = 11.7). Among both genders, exercise was the most frequently reported specific weight loss practice (66% of women and 53% of men), followed by decreasing fat intake (62% of women and 48% of men). The use of at least one unhealthy weight control behavior over the past year was reported by 22% of the women and 17% of the men. Gender differences were not found for duration of use of most of the specific weight control practices over the past year, or for consistency of general dieting behaviors and dietary restraint over time. Although both gender and BMI were strongly associated with dieting behaviors, interactions between gender and BMI on prevalence rates of dieting were not significant.Discussion Although weight control behaviors were more prevalent among women than men, in general, large gender differences were not found in the types of behaviors used and the duration and consistency of their use. The high percentages of adults using healthy methods of weight control was encouraging. However, there is still cause for concern, in that unhealthy weight control practices were also reported by a significant percentage of the population.
Effect of Physical Training and Its Cessation on Percent Fat and Bone Density of Children with Obesity
Authors: Gutin Bernard , Owens Scott , Okuyama Tomoki , Riggs Sharon , Ferguson Michael , Litaker Mark 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGUTIN, BERNARD, SCOTT OWENS, TOMOKI OKUYAMA, SHARON RIGGS, MICHAEL FERGUSON, AND MARK LITAKER. Effect of physical training and its cessation on percent fat and bone density of children with obesity. Obes Res.Objective We determined the effect of 4‐month periods of physical training (PT) and detraining on percent fat (percent fat) and bone density of children with obesity.Research Methods and Procedures Subjects were 79 7‐ to 11‐year‐old children with obesity; 34 were white, 44 were black, and 1 was Asian, 26 were male and 53 were female. They were randomly assigned to two groups: group 1 engaged in PT for the first 4 months, while group 2 engaged in PT during the second 4 months. Body composition was measured with dual energy absorptiometry, and diet was measured with 4 days of recall for each 4‐month period. PT was offered 5 dayslweek for 40 minuteslsession, heart rate monitors were worn, and no dietary information was given; mean attendance was 80%, and mean heart rate per session was 157 bpm.Results Group by time interactions across the three time‐points (from analysis of variance) were significant for percent fat (p = <0.001) and bone density (p = 0.045). Both groups declined in percent fat during the periods of PT, by an average of 1.6 %fat units; in the 4 months after cessation of PT, group 1 increased by 1.3 %fat. In both groups, bone density increased more during periods of PT (0.025 g/cm2) than during periods of no PT (0.010 g/cm2). No significant PT vs. no‐PT differences were found for dietary intake of energy, macronutrients, or calcium.Discussion This study suggests that regular exercise, without dietary intervention, can enhance the body composition of children with obesity.
Overeating in America: Association between Restaurant Food Consumption and Body Fatness in Healthy Adult Men and Women Ages 19 to 80
Authors: McCrory Megan A. , Fuss Paul J. , Hays Nicholas P. , Vinken Angela G. , Greenberg Andrew S. , Roberts Susan B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMcCRORY, MEGAN A., PAUL J. FUSS, NICHOLAS P. HAYS, ANGELA G. VINKEN, ANDREW S. GREENBERG, AND SUSAN B. ROBERTS. Overeating in America: association between restaurant food consumption and body fatness in healthy adult men and women ages 19 to 80. Obes Res.Purpose: To examine the association between the frequency of consuming restaurant food and body fatness in adults.Research Methods and Procedures: Usual free‐living dietary intake and the frequency of consuming food from seven different restaurant types (fried chicken, burger, pizza, Chinese, Mexican, fried fish, and “other”) were assessed by food frequency questionnaire in 73 healthy men and women [ages 19 to 80, body mass index (BMI) 18 to 331. In addition, body fatness (percent weight) was determined by hydrostatic weighing, and physical activity and other lifestyle parameters were assessed by questionnaire. The relationship between the frequency of consuming restaurant food and body fatness was determined after controlling for age, sex, and other confounders by using multiple regression techniques.Results: Restaurant food consumption averaged 7.5±8.5 (Standard Deviation) timedmonth. After controlling for age and sex, the frequency of consuming restaurant food was positively associated with body fatness (partial r = 0. 36, p = 0. 003). The strength of this association did not change after controlling for education level, smoking status, and alcohol intake, but after additionally controlling for physical activity, the partial r increased to 0. 42 (p = 0. 004). Total daily intakes of energy, fat, and fiber were significantly associated with restaurant food consumption frequency (r = 0. 59, 0. 28, and −0.45, respectively, p = 0.02 to 0.0001).Discussion: The frequency of consuming restaurant food was positively associated with increased body fatness in adults. The increasing proportion of household food income spent on food prepared away from home in the United States may therefore help explain the rising national prevalence of obesity.
Effects of Exogenous Gonadal Steroids on Leptin Homeostasis in Rats
Authors: Wu‐Peng Sharon , Rosenbaum Michael , Nicolson Margery , Chua Streamson C. , Leibel Rudolph L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWU‐PENG, SHARON, MICHAEL ROSENBAUM, MARGERY NICOLSON, STREAMSON C. CHUA, AND RUDOLPH L. LEIBEL. Effects of exogenous gonadal steroids on leptin homeostasis in rats. Obes Res.Background: In humans, circulating concentrations of the hormone leptin, normalized to body fat mass, are significantly higher in females compared to males. This experiment was designed to determine whether the administration of exogenous androgen or estrogen would significantly alter the relationship between plasma leptin and fat mass in rats.Methods: In the first experiment, plasma leptin and retro‐peritoneal and parametrial (female)/epididymal (male) adipose tissue expression of leptin mRNA were measured in five male and five female 9. 5‐week‐old Sprague‐Dawley rats. In a second experiment, gonadectomized 10. 5‐week‐old female Sprague‐Dawley rats received 1 or 2 weeks of daily intraperitoneal injections (in oil) of 750 mg testosterone propionate, 2. 5 μg of estradiol benzoate or vehicle. At 0, 1, and 2 weeks, plasma concentrations of leptin, fat pad weight of parametrial and retroperitoneal fat pads, and leptin mRNA expression by Northern blot in retroperitoneal fat pads were determined. Daily weight and food intake of animals were monitored throughout the study.Results: Circulating leptin concentrations per unit of fat pad mass and leptin mRNA expression normalized to actin mRNA were higher in gonadally intact female compared to male rats. Compared to placebo, estrogen administration decreased food intake and body weight, but had no significant effect on leptin mRNA expression or on circulating leptin concentration. Testosterone administration increased body weight and decreased expression of leptin mRNA (only after 2 weeks), but did not change food intake or circulating leptin concentration.Conclusions: Administration of estrogen did not affect either leptin expression or the circulating concentration of leptin. Administration of androgen decreased expression of leptin mRNA. However, even after 2 weeks of testosterone administration to gonadectomized females, plasma leptin concentration, corrected for fat pad weight, was higher in gonadectomized females than in intact males, Thus, sex steroid‐associated changes in plasma leptin concentration and leptin mRNA expression are not sufficient to explain the observed sexual dimorphism in plasma leptin concentrations in rats.
Liposomal Bupivacaine: An Innovative Nonopioid Local Analgesic for the Management of Postsurgical Pain
Authors: Candiotti Keith 
Published: September 2012

Local anesthetics are a cornerstone of multimodal pain control strategies in the surgical setting as they have a long history of use and an established safety profile. Although effective, their duration of action is relatively short, which usually leads to the use of other agents, such as opioids, for effective postsurgical pain control in most patients. A medical need exists to extend the duration of analgesia with local anesthetics to help reduce the reliance on opioids in the postsurgical setting. Liposomal bupivacaine uses a product delivery platform to release bupivacaine slowly over 96 hours after infiltration at the surgical site. Liposomal bupivacaine was compared with placebo in two pivotal, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group trials in 189 adults undergoing soft‐tissue surgery (hemorrhoidectomy) and 193 adults undergoing orthopedic surgery (bunionectomy). Among patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy, liposomal bupivacaine significantly reduced cumulative pain scores for up to 72 hours (primary end point) as measured by the area under the curve of pain scores on the numeric rating scale (p<0.0001), reduced overall opioid consumption (p≤0.0006), increased the proportion of patients who did not receive opioids (p<0.0008), delayed time to first opioid by more than 13 hours (p<0.0001), and was associated with significantly higher rates of patient satisfaction (p=0.0007) compared with placebo. Similarly, in patients undergoing bunionectomy, liposomal bupivacaine significantly reduced total consumption of rescue opioids (p=0.0077) and cumulative pain scores as measured by the area under the curve of pain scores on the numeric rating scale (p=0.0005) during the first 24 postsurgical hours (primary end point) relative to placebo. Furthermore, liposomal bupivacaine also significantly delayed the time to first use of opioid rescue (p<0.0001) and increased the proportion of patients requiring no rescue opioid treatment (p≤0.0404) compared with placebo. The most common adverse events with liposomal bupivacaine were nausea, vomiting, and constipation. No adverse effects on the QTc interval or cardiac safety signal have been detected in the clinical trial development program (823 patients) when liposomal bupivacaine was infiltrated into the surgical site. The beneficial effects of liposomal bupivacaine on postsurgical pain management and opioid use, significantly reducing both, are likely to translate into improved clinical and economic outcomes.
Synthesis of novel haptens against ciprofloxacin and production of generic monoclonal antibodies for immunoscreening of fluoroquinolones in meat
Authors: Liu Yan Z , Zhao Guo X , Liu Jing , Zhang Hui C , Wang Ping , Wang Jian P 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe residues of fluoroquinolone drugs in foods of animal origin are dangerous to the consumers. The objective of this study was to produce a generic monoclonal antibody for determination of fluoroquinolone residues in meat.ResultsTwo novel haptens of ciprofloxacin containing a free amidogen group on the piperazinyl ring were synthesised that were used to produce the monoclonal antibodies. The antibodies obtained simultaneously recognised 12 fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, sarafloxacin, diflocaxin, danofloxacin, ofloxacin, marbofloxacin, pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, amifloxacin and enofloxacin). After evaluation of different coating antigen–antibody combinations, a heterologous competitive indirect ELISA was used to determine the 12 drugs. The cross‐reactivities were in the range of 23–120% and the limits of detection were in the range of 1.0–4.5 ng mL−1. Eight fluoroquinolone drugs licensed as veterinary drugs in China were fortified into blank chicken for analysis. The recoveries were in the range of 61.5–82.5% with coefficients of variation in the range of 7.5–15.2%.ConclusionThis method could be used as a rapid screening tool for routine monitoring the residues of these fluoroquinolone drugs in animal‐derived foods.
The development of education for social entrepreneurship and nonprofit management: Diverging or converging paths?
Authors: Mirabella Roseanne , Young Dennis R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough nonprofit management education has developed within a variety of university settings to date, curricula content of these programs has converged over time. However, recent social entrepreneurship programming calls into question whether such convergence will continue. This article compares social entrepreneurship education programming in schools of public administration and policy, schools of business and management, and religiously oriented institutions and considers whether curricula among these groups will remain distinct. Possible scenarios include convergence toward the traditional nonprofit management education model, toward the new business school model of social entrepreneurship, toward new blended models, or continued bifurcation between traditional and business school models.
Nonprofit and university strategic partnerships to strengthen the sector
Authors: Harwell Schaffer Regan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThere is a mutually beneficial partnership inherent in the structured collaboration between universities and nonprofit organizations. This article outlines a pilot program designed to address management challenges of nonprofits and provide meaningful and relevant learning experiences for students through the use of community‐based research, a joint research study among students, faculty, and nonprofits designed to produce recommendations that will positively affect the community. Assessment data are significant, indicating that students increased their understanding of the sector while nonprofit partners received valuable resources. The article concludes with strategies for nonprofit practitioners and faculty who wish to develop a similar model.
Nod2 deficiency impairs inflammatory and epithelial aspects of the cutaneous wound‐healing response
Authors: Campbell Laura , Williams Helen , Crompton Rachel A , Cruickshank Sheena M , Hardman Matthew J 
Published: September 2012

AbstractInfection is a significant causative factor in human chronic wounds that fail to heal. Complex innate host response mechanisms have evolved whereby potentially harmful pathogens are recognized by multiple host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), yet understanding of PRR function, or dysfunction, in the context of chronic wounds remains limited. NOD2, a cytoplasmic PRR, has been strongly implicated in chronic inflammation of the gut, where loss‐of‐function mutations have been linked to Crohn's disease; however, cutaneous Nod2 function remains poorly characterized. Here we demonstrate an important role for Nod2 in murine skin wound healing. Cutaneous Nod2 is induced in key wound cell types in response to injury. In the absence of Nod2, mice display a substantial delay in acute wound repair associated with epithelial and inflammatory changes. Specifically, Nod2‐null mice display altered epidermal migration and proliferation, an initial delay in neutrophil recruitment associated with decreased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR2, and reduced numbers of alternatively activated macrophages (Ym1+ cells). Somewhat surprisingly, these Nod2‐null phenotypes were associated with little or no expression change in other PRRs, even though compensatory mechanisms have been shown to exist. In this study we show that healing in TLR2‐null mice was essentially normal. These findings reveal a novel intrinsic role for Nod2 in cutaneous wound repair in addition to its role in recognizing invading pathogens.
Preparation and characterization of plla composite scaffolds by ScCO2‐induced phase separation
Authors: Ding Zhaohong , Liu Zhijun , Wei Wei , Li Zhiyi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractComposite Scaffolds have received much attention in the tissue engineering, and how to choose the materials has become the research focus in this field. Supercritical CO2 (ScCO2)‐induced phase separation process was employed to prepare porous poly‐L‐lactide (PLLA) composite scaffolds. An experiment system was set up for the purpose of investigating the effects of such parameters as the mass ratios of PLLA to polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PLLA to β‐TCP on porosity and compressive strength of composite scaffolds. The obtained composite scaffolds were characterized in many ways. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology and pore size; porosity was analyzed by pycnometer; and the compressive strength was recorded by texture analyzer. The results indicated that the porosity was increased with the addition of PEG, and the highest porosity of PLLA/PEG composite scaffolds was 92% with the mass ratio of PLLA to PEG of 1:0.05; the compressive strength was increased with the addition of β‐TCP, and the highest compressive strength of PLLA/β‐TCP composite scaffolds was 1.76 MPa with the mass ratio of PLLA to β‐TCP of 1:0.1. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis, characterization and thermal degradation of dual temperature‐ and pH‐sensitive RAFT‐made copolymers of N,N‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate
Authors: Roy Saswati Ghosh , Bauri Kamal , Pal Sunirmal , Goswami Ankur , Madras Giridhar , De Priyadarsi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPoly{[(N,N‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]‐co‐(methyl methacrylate)} copolymers of various compositions were synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization at 70 °C in N,N‐dimethylformamide. The polymer molecular weights and molecular weight distributions were obtained from size exclusion chromatography, and they indicated the controlled nature of the RAFT polymerizations; the polydispersity indices are in the range 1.1–1.3. The reactivity ratios of N,N‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) (rDMAEMA = 0.925 and rMMA = 0.854) were computed by the extended Kelen–Tüdös method at high conversions, using compositions obtained from 1H NMR. The pH‐ and temperature‐sensitive behaviour were studied in aqueous solution to confirm dual responsiveness of these copolymers. The thermal properties of the copolymers with various compositions were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The kinetics of thermal degradation were determined by Friedmann and Chang techniques to evaluate various parameters such as the activation energy, the order and the frequency factor. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Advanced antistatic/anticorrosion coatings prepared from polystyrene composites incorporating dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid‐doped SiO2@polyaniline core–shell microspheres
Authors: Weng Chang‐Jian , Chen Ya‐Lun , Jhuo Yu‐Sian , Yi‐Li Lin , Yeh Jui‐Ming 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present the preparation of advanced antistatic and anticorrosion coatings of polystyrene (PS) incorporating a suitable amount of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA)‐doped SiO2@polyaniline (SP) core–shell microspheres. First, aniline‐anchored SiO2 (AS) microspheres that were about 850 nm in diameter were synthesized using the conventional base‐catalyzed sol–gel process with tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of N‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]aniline. SP core–shell microspheres were then synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline monomers with ammonium persulfate as an oxidizing agent in the presence of the AS microspheres. The polyaniline shell thickness of the as‐prepared core–shell microspheres was estimated to be about 120 nm. The AS and SP microspheres were further characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. The as‐synthesized DBSA‐doped SP core–shell microspheres were then blended into PS using N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone as solvent and then cast onto a cold–rolled steel (CRS) electrode to obtain antistatic and anticorrosion coatings with a thickness of about 10 µm. The corrosion protection efficiency of the as‐prepared coating materials on the CRS electrode was investigated using a series of systematic electrochemical measurements under saline conditions. The enhanced corrosion protection ability of the PS/SP composite coatings may be attributed to the formation of a dense passive metal oxide layer induced by the redox catalytic effect of the polyaniline shell of the as‐synthesized core–shell microspheres, as evidenced by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and SEM observations. Moreover, the PS composite coating containing 10 wt% of the SP core–shell microspheres showed an electrical resistance of about 3.65 × 109Ω cm−2, which meets the requirements for antistatic applications. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry