bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in four districts in Malawi
Authors: Ruisch Anika , Ntopi Simon , Mathur Ishani , Conlin Maeve , McCaffrey Anna , Walker Damian G , Suharlim Christian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

While COVID-19 vaccines became available in late 2020, low-income countries (LICs) faced challenging COVID-19 vaccine distribution efforts both in terms of a delayed and scarce vaccine supply and barriers reaching the target populations. The cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in LICs was uncertain which complicated the planning and budgeting for country leadership as well as major funders. Absent such data, a global model was developed by the COVAX Working Group on Delivery Costing using data on the costs of similar immunization campaigns and assumptions. This study aims to compare primary data collected in Malawi to modeled estimates, and to contribute to a growing evidence base on the cost of the COVID-19 vaccination delivery in LICs.
This retrospective study used a bottom-up method to estimate the costs. Data was collected at the district level, from health facilities, and outreach posts using a COVID-19 costing survey. Data sources included existing records and key informant interviews with relevant district and facility staff. Twenty representative vaccine delivery sites were purposively selected across four districts. We focused on major cost drivers that contributed to the highest proportion and variability in delivery costs.
The total financial cost of COVID-19 vaccine delivery in the 20 facilities across four districts in Malawi (from April 1, 2021-March 31, 2022) was US$ 322,786. During that period, the 20 facilities delivered 70,947 vaccines. The financial cost per dose delivered was US$ 4.55. Considering the reallocation of existing staff time towards COVID-19 vaccination, volunteer opportunity cost, and donated vehicles, the economic cost per dose delivered was four times higher at US$ 16.15. The economic cost of labor was estimated at US$ 10.75 per dose delivered and accounts for two-thirds of the total economic cost.
This study is the first to provide evidence on the cost of COVID-19 vaccine delivery in Malawi. The financial cost of delivering the COVID-19 vaccine in four districts in Malawi, at US$ 4.55 [US$ 3.23 – US$ 6.33] per dose delivered. The COVAX estimate for Malawi was at $2.77, with four scenarios ranging from $2.34 - 4.36. We observed a large amount of labor reallocation towards COVID-19 vaccination, which influenced our higher estimates of the economic costs.
Ecological and Pollution Risk Assessments of Soils in the Vicinity of a Municipal Waste Dumpsite: A Case Study of the Eyimba Dumpsite, Aba Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Ubechu Bridget Odochi , Opara Alexander Iheanyichukwu , Onyekuru Samuel Okechukwu , Okeke Christopher Osita , Akakuru Obinna Chigoziem , Ibe Chizorom Francis , Israel Hope. O , Ikoro Diugo Okereke 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Heavy metal concentrations in soils underlying a municipal dumpsite in Aba, Southeastern Nigeria were evaluated to determine the soil pollution status. Nine (9) topsoil and nine (9) subsoil samples were collected around the dump site. The concentration of Hg, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Ag, Al, Fe, Cd, Mn, and Zn were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The metal concentrations (mg/kg) were in this range for topsoil and subsoil Hg (0.00-4.72, 0.00-4.54), Pb (0.23–0.5, 0.06–0.64), Cu (0.020–0.138, 0.030–0.095), Ni (0.060–22.092, 0.020–0.054), Cr (0.005–0.139, 0.024–0.099), Ag (0.481–1.342, 0.028–1.240), Al (0.824–4.114, 0.322–2.380), Fe (5.338–22.341, 9.042– 12.640), Cd (0.005–0.017, 0.027–0.086), Mn (0.030–0.041, 0.041–0.073) and Zn (0.562–5.175, 0.481–2.680) respectively. The pollution level, origins of heavy metal pollution, and ecological and human dangers were determined using contamination indices, ecological and human risk parameters, and multivariate analysis. Except for Hg and Ag, the mean amounts of all heavy metals measured were within the allowable levels for international soil standards. According to the models, the study regions were moderately to highly contaminated with Hg and Ag, with a moderate to high level of contamination of these metals. All the tested points, however, had a modest level of contamination. Furthermore, the origins of this metal pollution are both natural and primarily manmade. The earth that is beneath the municipal garbage dump site poses no possible health risks. However, it is advised against disposal of trash in the dumpsite and that heavy metal levels in the soil beneath the site be routinely monitored.
Study on shear strength and flexural strength of zirconia treated by hot acid etching
Authors: Yang Xiaomin , Tao Huihui , Liu Yang , Mu Junju , Liang Zhuoran , Zhang Yannan , Liu Min , Meng Fanhao , Cui Zhi , Chen Jianfeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In recent years, zirconia ceramics have been widely used as in prosthodontics because of their good aesthetics and mechanical properties. At present, the thermal acid etching technology for treating zirconia ceramics has gradually emerged as a new method. In this study, the effect of thermal acid etching surface treatment on the shear strength and flexural properties was investigated. In the fourth sentence, it might be clearer to specify that the zirconia ceramics were divided into five groups: "In the experiment, the zirconia ceramics were divided into five groups, each receiving a different treatment: blank, 110µm alumina sandblasting, 10-minute thermal acid etching, 30-minute thermal acid etching, and 60-minute thermal acid etching.The surface morphology, crystal structure, and the initial shear bonding strength of zirconia were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Instron3345 micro-force testing machine, respectively.SPSS19.0 software was used for the statistical analysis of experimental data, and the statistical difference was set as P < 0.05. The experimental results show that the thermal acid etching technology can effectively increase the surface roughness of zirconia and the shear bonding strength of zirconia and resin adhesive, the effect is obviously better than that of sandblasting, and there is no obvious correlation with the time of technology. This conclusion is of significant importance for guiding oral clinical treatment.
Efficacy of filter top cages to reduce cross-contamination in mice housed in experimental facilities
Authors: Montagna Daniela R , Stefani Karen M , Almirón Johana , Carriquiriborde Martin , Laborde Juan M , Diaz Silvina L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

An optimal microbiological status is key to ensuring reproducible experimental results. However, contamination is difficult to avoid during long experimental procedures when animals spend time outside their enclosures, in contact with users and different equipment. To evaluate the efficacy of filter-top cages to minimize cross contamination when experimental mice of different microbiological status share the same room, we studied a complete panel of microorganisms in mice housed in different systems. C57BL6/N mice were purchased to an SPF facility: one group was housed in filter top cages whereas another group stayed in similar cages but without the filter-top. These external mice shared the room with mice involved in other experimental protocols between 8 and 13 weeks. A group of conventional mice born at our facilities housed in open cages served as control. Samples from different organs were analyzed by PCR. Mice born at the experimental facility were positive for several bacteria, virus, and parasites. All the bacteria present in this control group, were also found in the group of mice originally SPF housed in the open cages. Only 2 out of the 6 viruses present in the facilities were transmitted to the external mice in open cages, whereas no parasites were detected. Interestingly, mice housed in the filter-top system only recovered 3 bacteria from all the microorganism present in the facilities. Our results shown that using filter-top cages for long periods may be a refinement tool when there is no alternative to share the room with mice of different microbiological status.
Effect of text message reminders on treatment adherence and retention in care among hypertensive patients in a tertiary hospital in Jos, Plateau State
Authors: Gadzama Naya , AFOLARANMI Tolulope Olumide , Isiko Isaac , Okoro Lenz Nwachinemere , EMERIBE Nana , NOEL Nathaniel Birdling , Mwesigwa Aaron , Asingwire Jackson Micheal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim
Despite effective antihypertensive medications, poor medication adherence and retention in care contribute to uncontrolled blood pressure. This study aimed to assess the effect of text message reminders on medication adherence and retention in care among hypertensive patients in a tertiary hospital in Jos, Nigeria.
Materials and methods
This were a hospital-based quasi-experimental study. Hypertensive patients in the Cardiology (intervention group) and Nephrology (control group) clinics of Jos University Teaching Hospital, selected through a multi-stage sampling technique, had their treatment adherence and retention in care assessed at pre- and post-intervention period of six months. Data collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire were analysed using the Statistical Product and Services Solution version 23. McNemar’s test was used to assess effects of text message reminders on treatment adherence and retention in care. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
At baseline, treatment adherence was 40.5% and 46.0% in the intervention and control groups respectively with the odds of adherence in the intervention group being 0.8 times that of the control group (95% C.I. = 0.48–1.31). Retention in care was 91.3% and 96.9% in the intervention and control groups respectively with the odds of retention in the intervention group being 0.34 times that of the control group (95% C.I. = 0.11–1.11). Post intervention, treatment adherence was 47.8% and 34.2% in the intervention and control groups respectively with the odds of treatment adherence in the intervention group being 1.77 times the odds of adherence in the control group (95% C.I. = 0.95–3.28). Retention in care was 60.9% and 63.3% in the intervention and control groups respectively.
Conclusion
Low treatment adherence and high retention rates were recorded among hypertensive patients. Text message reminders improved adherence but decreased retention, highlighting the need to optimize their use to improve both outcomes at Jos University Teaching Hospital.
Metal complexes as innovative breast cancer therapy, preparation, spectroscopic characterization and antitumor activity.
Authors: masoud Awatef Abdel Salam , El-Tabl Abdou S. , Wahed Moshira M. Abd-El , Daba Mohamed S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

New binary Cu(II), Mn(II), Na(I), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Mg(II), Al(III) and Ba(II) metal complexes derived from the (Z)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-((Z)-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)prop-anehydrazide ligand were prepared. Physicochemical studies were also performed (IR, UV‒Vis, mass, 1H NMR, magnetism, DTA and TGA, conductivity and ESR). The measurements revealed that the ligand coordinates to the metal ion in a neutral pentadentate or dibasic pentadentate mode through the nitrogen atoms of the imino and oxime groups and the oxygen atom of the amide group. All the metal complexes are nonelectrolytic in nature, as suggested by the molar conductance measurements. The complexes adopted a tetragonal distorted octahedral geometry around the metal ions. The cytotoxic activities of the ligand and several of its metal complexes were evaluated against breast cancer (MCF-7). Notably, the cytotoxic activity was enhanced upon complexation. Interestingly, the Zn(II) complex (15) exhibited the highest IC50 against MCF-7 cells. However, compared with the standard drug (vinblastine sulfate), the other tested complexes showed weak cytotoxicity against the same cell line.
Unintended Consequences of Data Sharing Under the Meaningful Use Program
Authors: Willcockson Irmgard Ursula , Valdes Ignacio Herman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Interoperability has been designed to improve the quality and efficiency of health care. It allows the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to collect data on quality measures as a part of the Meaningful Use program. Covered providers who fail to provide data have lower rates of reimbursement. Unintended consequences also arise at each step of the data collection process: (1) providers are not reimbursed for the extra time required to generate data; (2) patients do not have control over when and how their data are provided to or used by the government; and (3) large datasets increase the chances of an accidental data breach or intentional hacker attack. After detailing the issues, we describe several solutions, including an appropriate data use review board, which is designed to oversee certain aspects of the process and ensure accountability and transparency.
State-of-the-Art Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)–Based Data Model and Structure Implementations: Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Tabari Parinaz , Costagliola Gennaro , De Rosa Mattia , Boeker Martin 
Published: August 2024

Background
Data models are crucial for clinical research as they enable researchers to fully use the vast amount of clinical data stored in medical systems. Standardized data and well-defined relationships between data points are necessary to guarantee semantic interoperability. Using the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard for clinical data representation would be a practical methodology to enhance and accelerate interoperability and data availability for research.

Objective
This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art and current landscape in FHIR-based data models and structures. In addition, we intend to identify and discuss the tools, resources, limitations, and other critical aspects mentioned in the selected research papers.

Methods
To ensure the extraction of reliable results, we followed the instructions of the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist. We analyzed the indexed articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, the ACM Digital Library, and Google Scholar. After identifying, extracting, and assessing the quality and relevance of the articles, we synthesized the extracted data to identify common patterns, themes, and variations in the use of FHIR-based data models and structures across different studies.

Results
On the basis of the reviewed articles, we could identify 2 main themes: dynamic (pipeline-based) and static data models. The articles were also categorized into health care use cases, including chronic diseases, COVID-19 and infectious diseases, cancer research, acute or intensive care, random and general medical notes, and other conditions. Furthermore, we summarized the important or common tools and approaches of the selected papers. These items included FHIR-based tools and frameworks, machine learning approaches, and data storage and security. The most common resource was “Observation” followed by “Condition” and “Patient.” The limitations and challenges of developing data models were categorized based on the issues of data integration, interoperability, standardization, performance, and scalability or generalizability.

Conclusions
FHIR serves as a highly promising interoperability standard for developing real-world health care apps. The implementation of FHIR modeling for electronic health record data facilitates the integration, transmission, and analysis of data while also advancing translational research and phenotyping. Generally, FHIR-based exports of local data repositories improve data interoperability for systems and data warehouses across different settings. However, ongoing efforts to address existing limitations and challenges are essential for the successful implementation and integration of FHIR data models.
Present-Day Religious Agenda in Dagestan: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Jabrailov Yu. J. 
Published: August 2024

The article examines the process of formation of the russian model of state-confessional relations, which develops in conditions of equality of all traditional religions before the law. Its formation is based on an understanding of the importance of building constructive relations between the state and religious associations in Russian society, where the demand for the preservation of traditional values dominates.According to the author, currently the Russian model of state-confessional relations is still at the stage of formation, but it is already possible to identify trends and contours of its development. The specificity of this model lies in the fact that the current legal norm of separation of the state and religious associations is not considered as a barrier excluding any contacts between them. The importance of establishing partnerships between authorities and religious associations is determined by the need to ensure stability in a multi-confessional and multi-ethnic Russian society.During the period of the Special Military Operation in Ukraine and the confrontation with the bloc of western countries, criticism of the emerging state-confessional relations from the preachers of radical Islam living on the territory of Ukraine, Turkey and a number of European countries is increasing. The North Caucasian muftiats working in the Russian legal space are mainly the object of information pressure from abroad.
REVIEW OF ISLAMIC ECONOMIC LAW ON THE PRACTICE OF SAWERIA ON YOUTUBE
Authors: Siddiq Muhammad Hafid , Muslim  , Amri Aulil 
Published: August 2024

Website platforms can make it easier for people to give alms through their respective gedgets, one of which is Youtube, being one of the most accessed sites both as viewers and as content creators. Youtube has also produced many wealthy people through uploading videos, to cover the declining income, many content creators use crowdfunding so that they can get online donation income by listing donation links in the descriptions of the videos they make. Saweria is here as a crowdfunding website for fundraising and donating online which is being used by many YouTubers in their live streams on YouTube. The ease of using Saweria access can cause problems in the future if it is used incorrectly. The purpose of this research activity was to find out the aspects of Fiqh Muamalah to Saweria practice on YouTube, as well as to find out the ideal setting regarding Saweria practice on YouTube. This research method uses a descriptive method of analysis. This research uses an empirical approach by conducting research using field research and literature research. In crowdfunding transactions it is difficult to know whether the recipient of the funds is a person in the circumstances as described. So is the company profile whether fictitious or true. The opportunity for transactions that use non-identity is actually very possible, The opportunity for transactions that use non-identity identity is very possible. If so it is booked then the contract becomes invalid.
EFFORTS TO DEVELOP SHARIA-COMPLIANT AND PROFESSIONAL CIVIL SERVANT COOPERATIVES
Authors: Sari Nilam 
Published: August 2024

This article exposes the model and format of civil servant cooperative (KPN) that correspond to sharia and professional system, factors which become obstacle development of KPN in surroundings of UIN Ar-Raniry, and steps that should be taken to reformatting the existed system in order to correspond to sharia principles and more professional. Data collection methods by in depth interview and comparative study (site visit). Respondent (interview) was Head of Department of Cooperative Province which exist in Aceh, administrator of KPN Muamalah, and other KPN that presence in Aceh. Results of study indicated that among of ideal format of KPN was its operational activity must be run correspond to sharia principle, the organization structure accord with need and have a distinct of function, have a good planning, instruction of manager is clear, a good controlling system, the modern administration and have a clear business development strategy and capacity building of continuous member. Among of things that hinder the development of KPN in surroundings of UIN was participation level of member is still low, socialization not yet optimal, not hol collaboration with sharia cooperative inside or outside the campus, caretaker and organizer were less professional in the field, still relied on profit 1% of loan of member without other business. Efforts can be done to reformatting and developing KPN in surroundings of UIN Ar-Raniry was: functioning the role of DPS which filtering the activities of cooperative business, select to competence caretaker and willing to be organizer the cooperative and develop it. Broaden the sector cooperative business and carried out promotion facilities in business unit. Applied good cooperate governance (GCG) system and ordering the modern cooperative management such as bookkeeping administration and the information system, and be ready audited.
INFAQ FUND GOVERNANCE SYSTEM AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ZAKAT MANAGERS IN BAITUL MAL BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA
Authors: Nurfajri Al Nasya , Bakri Nurdin , Yusuf Yusriaina 
Published: August 2024

Baitul Mal is a financial institution that manages Muslim funds for social activities. The language is formal, objective, and value-neutral, and clear structure with logical progression is maintained. Grammatical correctness is observed, and precise word choice is employed when needed. This study aims to assess infaq fund governance policies and provisions, its impact on 'amil performance, and its compliance with Aceh Qanun No.10 of 2018. Descriptive analysis and Allocation to Collection Ratio (ACR) are the research methods employed. Technical term abbreviations are explained when first introduced and causal connections between statements are ensured. The author's research findings indicate that the implementation of governance in Baitul Mal of Banda Aceh City is carried out by the commissioners and the Shari'ah Supervisory Board in accordance with Qanun Aceh provisions. Their role is to assess, direct and monitor policies and provisions in accordance with the principles of 'amil governance to ensure effective implementation. (2) The ACR measurement indicates a 58% effectiveness rating, which is considered quite effective. The program's effectiveness is determined by activities that were not realized due to insufficient budget, despite the availability of adequate infrastructure for implementing planned activities. (3) The percentage of infaq funds managed by Baitul Mal exceeds the provisions outlined in Aceh Qanun No.10 of 2018 regarding Baitul Mal. The program's effectiveness is determined by activities that were not realized due to insufficient budget, despite the availability of adequate infrastructure for implementing planned activities. (3) The percentage of infaq funds managed by Baitul Mal exceeds the provisions outlined in Aceh Qanun No.10 of 2018 regarding Baitul Mal. Based on the preceding explanation, it is evident that Baitul Mal in Banda Aceh City has performed its responsibilities and functions proficiently.