bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of corruption on entrepreneurship in developed vs non-developed countries
Authors: Avnimelech Gil , Zelekha Yaron , Sharabi Eyal 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to focus on the relationship between corruption and productive entrepreneurship in general and whether it depends on countries’ specific characteristics in particular.Design/methodology/approach– The authors used a unique data set of entrepreneurial activity within 176 countries, collected from the professional networking site LinkedIn. The authors used OLS regression to estimate the level of entrepreneurship. The main independent variable was the CPI score (Transparency International). In addition, two sub-samples were used, 70 less-developed countries and 34 OECD countries, and numerous control variables.Findings– The paper makes three important contributions to the field. First, it proposes worldwide empirical evidence that countries with high levels of corruption usually face low levels of productive entrepreneurship. Second, the paper suggests that the negative effect is much more significant in developed countries than in developing countries. Third, the paper explores whether the negative effect of corruption depends on country-specific economic characteristics.Research limitations/implications– While there is significant value in using LinkedIn data in entrepreneurship research, there are limitations to this database. Therefore, significant robustness tests were employed and further research, for instance using longitudinal LinkedIn data, could be valuable. Moreover, using different entrepreneurs’ data sets might increase the validation of the results. Finally, further examination of the influence of corruption on different types of entrepreneurial activities and their interaction with different characteristics of the country is still required.Originality/value– The results stress the need to fight corruption not only in developing countries and suggests significant gains from anti-corruption efforts even and maybe especially in the western developed world.
Factors affecting knowledge sharing intention among academic staff
Authors: Jolaee Ali , Md Nor Khalil , Khani Naser , Md Yusoff Rosman 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting knowledge sharing among academic staff in universities. Utilizing the theory of reasoned action (TRA) as the underlying research framework, the main objective of this study was threefold. First, was to examine the relationship between attitude, subjective norm, and trust with knowledge sharing intention. Second, was to examine the relationship among factors, i.e., self-efficacy, social networks and extrinsic rewards with attitude toward knowledge sharing intention and the third objective was to find out the relationship between organizational support and subjective norm.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed among academic staff at three social science faculties in one public university in Malaysia. Collectively, 117 usable responses were returned. Partial Least Square analysis was utilized to analyze the data.

Findings
– The results indicated that of the two components of the TRA, only attitude was positively and significantly related to knowledge sharing intention. The findings also show that social network and self-efficacy significantly affect attitude and organizational support showed a strong influence on subjective norms toward knowledge sharing intention.

Research limitations/implications
– Future research should consider type of knowledge that is being shared. Besides, it would also be interesting to investigate potential differences of the knowledge sharing intention between academic staff in the private and public universities.

Practical implications
– This study offers a more clear vision of the factors that affect knowledge sharing intention among academic staff. Therefore, managers can implement practical plan to support those factors.

Originality/value
– Factors affecting knowledge sharing among academic staff in universities were reviewed to suggest a framework to explain this behavior in a specific context.
Teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs, self-esteem, and job stress as determinants of job satisfaction
Authors: Reilly Eithne , Dhingra Katie , Boduszek Daniel 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of teaching self-efficacy, perceived stress, self-esteem, and demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, and years of teaching experience) in predicting job satisfaction within a sample of 121 Irish primary school teachers.Design/methodology/approach– Survey data were collected from teachers from eight primary schools. Hypotheses were tested using a comparison of means, correlations, and multiple regression.Findings– Results indicated that the predictor variables accounted for 22 per cent of variance in teachers’ job satisfaction. However, only perceived stress was found to explain unique predictive variance, with high levels of occupations stress related to low levels of job satisfaction.Practical implications– Perceived stress should be targeted in efforts to improve teachers’ job satisfaction.Originality/value– The results make an additional contribution to the literature by providing important information on the factors contributing to teachers’ job satisfaction in Ireland.
Edge detection using resistive threshold logic networks with CMOS flash memories
Authors: Pappachen James Alex , Pachentavida Anusha , Sugathan Sherin 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach to edge detection using semiconductor flash memory networks having scalable and parallel hardware architecture.

Design/methodology/approach
– A flash cell can store multiple states by controlling its voltage threshold. The equivalent resistance of the operation states controlled by threshold voltage of flash cell gives out different combinations of logic 0 and 1 states. The paper explores this basic feature of flash memory in designing a resistance change memory network for implementing novel edge detector hardware. This approach of detecting the edges is inspired from the spatial change detection ability of the human visual system.

Findings
– The proposed approach consumes less number of electronic components for its implementation, and outperforms the conventional approaches of edge detection with respect to the processing speed, scalability and ease of design. It is also demonstrated to provide edges invariant to changes in the direction of the spatial change in the images.

Research limitations/implications
– This research brings about a new direction in the development of edge detection, in terms of developing high-speed parallel processing edge detection and imaging circuits.

Practical implications
– The proposed approach reduces the implementation complexity by removing the need to have convolution operations for spatial edge filtering.

Originality/value
– This paper presents one of the first edge detection approaches that is purely a hardware oriented design, uses resistance of flash memory to form edge detector cells, and one that does not use computational operations such as additions or multiplications for its implementation.
An evolvable self-organizing neuro-fuzzy multilayered classifier with group method data handling and grammar-based bio-inspired supervisors for fault diagnosis of hydraulic systems
Authors: Mozaffari Ahmad , Fathi Alireza , Behzadipour Saeed 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to apply a hybrid neuro-fuzzy paradigm called self-organizing neuro-fuzzy multilayered classifier (SONeFMUC) to classify the operating faults of a hydraulic system. The main motivation behind the use of SONeFMUC is to attest the capabilities of neuro-fuzzy classifier for handling the difficulties associated with fault diagnosis of hydraulic circuits.

Design/methodology/approach
– In the proposed methodology, first, the neuro-fuzzy nodes at each layer of the SONeFMUC are trained separately using two well-known bio-inspired algorithms, i.e. a semi deterministic method with random walks called co-variance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy (CMA-ES) and a swarm-based explorer with adaptive fuzzified parameters (SBEAFP). Thereafter, a revised version of the group method data handling (GMDH) policy that uses the Darwinian concepts such as truncation selection and elitism is engaged to connect the nodes of different layers in an effective manner.

Findings
– Based on comparative numerical experiments, the authors conclude that integration of neuro-fuzzy method and bio-inspired supervisor results in a really powerful classification tool beneficial for uncertain environments. It is proved that the method outperforms some well-known classifiers such as support vector machine (SVM) and particle swarm optimization-based SVM (PSO-SVM). Besides, it is indicated that an efficient bio-inspired method can effectively adjust the constructive parameters of the multi-layered neuro-fuzzy classifier. For the case, it is observed that designing a fuzzy controller for PSO predisposes it to effectively balance the exploration/exploitation capabilities, and consequently optimize the structure of SONeFMUC.

Originality/value
– The originality of the paper can be considered from both numerical and practical points of view. The signals obtained through the data acquisition possess six different features in order for the hydraulic system to undergo four types of faults, i.e. cylinder fault, pump fault, valve leakage fault and rupture of the piping system. Besides, to elaborate on the authenticity and efficacy of the proposed method, its performance is compared with well-known rival techniques.
Relationship marketing strategy: an operant resource perspective
Authors: Madhavaram Sreedhar , Granot Elad , Badrinarayanan Vishag 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to illustrate that the operant resource perspective of the service-dominant (S-D) logic can explicate how operant resources can influence relationship marketing (RM) strategy success.Design/methodology/approach– After a brief discussion of the operant resource perspective of the service-dominant (S-D) logic, the paper reviews relationship marketing literature to identify and explore specific operant resources that can influence relationship marketing success.Findings– This paper identifies several operant resources that have been empirically verified to have positive influence on relationship marketing success and several other operant resources that need further conceptual and empirical investigation.Originality/value– The operant resource perspective of relationship marketing strategy and the operant resources identified in this paper provide the foundation for theory development and managerial practice.
Negative critical waves in business relationships: an extension of the critical incident perspective
Authors: Edvardsson Bo , Kowalkowski Christian , Strandvik Tore , Voima Päivi 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to extend understanding of business-to-business relationship dynamics by introducing and discussing the phenomenon of a “negative critical wave” (NCW), defined as a disturbance in a relationship that emerges and develops within or beyond individual working relationships.

Design/methodology/approach
– The dynamics of working relationships in two manufacturing firms in Finland and Sweden were studied by analysing the narratives of unstructured personal interviews with 16 middle managers and 14 operational executives, who recalled experiences of relevant situations over three years, with emphasis on unexpected disturbances, challenges and problems.

Findings
– Respondents discussed 77 NCWs, the development and effect of which proved to depend upon the original “locus”, “magnitude” and “amplitude”, and embedded “energy”. Waves could be distinguished as: “silent compact”, “silent extensive”, “intense compact” or “intense extensive”.

Research limitations/implications
– The wave metaphor for relationships dynamics, consistent with but distinct from established notions of “critical time” and “critical incidents” and the associated classification system are a useful starting point for further research into the phenomenon. Though the qualitative methodology achieved richness, the small sample and restricted scope place limits on the objectivity and generalisability of the findings.

Practical implications
– The NCW framework offers strategists and managers a holistic understanding of the dynamic process of criticality, synthesising the complexities of relationship dynamics and pointing to ways in which to absorb the energy of negative waves.

Originality/value
– More is now known about the domino effects of critical incidents in internal and external business-to-business relationships.
Industrial buyers' use of references, word-of-mouth and reputation in complex buying situation
Authors: Aarikka-Stenroos Leena , Sakari Makkonen Hannu 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to provide understanding on how the buyer can mobilize experience-based information scattered around the business network, by means of customer references, word-of-mouth and reputation, and how this facilitates the buying process.

Design/methodology/approach
– The qualitative study scrutinizes eight cases comprising buyers of knowledge intensive services and technology innovations. The paper draws on the literature on buying and purchasing, customer references, word-of-mouth and reputational information.

Findings
– The findings identify the different roles of references, word-of-mouth, collegial advice networks, and reputation, and suggest that experience-based information provides information on offerings, suppliers and the problem solving situation in complex buying per se.

Research limitations/implications
– The article's contribution is to provide a framework depicting the employment of experience-based information in complex buying, which ensues through focal and continuous buying processes. Insights from this research are broadly applicable to the contexts of knowledge intensive, innovation and solutions business. Further qualitative research should aim to form constructs and define their interrelations to be tested in subsequent quantitative research.

Originality/value
– This study generates new understanding on how buyers gather and use experience-based information to solve complex problems in buying. It contributes by merging references, word-of-mouth, collegial social networks, and reputation as sources of experience-based information, identifying information embedded in those means, and exploring how the information and means are used throughout the complex buying situation.
Pro-Environmental Purchasing Behaviour during the economic crisis
Authors: Tilikidou Irene , Delistavrou Antonia 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Examination of Pro-Environmental Purchasing Behaviour (PPB) and its potential components. Investigation of the number and the size of relevant consumer segments. Determining the factors able to describe the segment of frequent pro-environmental purchasers. This paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Investigation of PPB as a total multi-item variable. Disclosure of the PPB components. Examination of the Purchase component and disclosure of its clusters. Focus on the cluster of frequent purchasers. Estimation of the demographic, attitudinal and psychographic variables able to describe and predict these consumers.

Findings
– Two components of PPB were found, namely Conservation (high consumer engagement in this) and Purchase (low consumer engagement in this). Inside the Purchase component of PPB three clusters were found, indicating, respectively, low, average and relatively high consumers’ involvement. Consumers in Cluster 3 (frequent pro-environmental purchasers) are fewer than in the past. They were found to be negatively influenced by environmental unconcern attitudes and Materialism, while they were positively affected by locus of control over politics and Universalism.

Research limitations/implications
– No demographic profile of frequent purchasers. Geographical area limited (a potential) generalisation of results. Social desirability effect. Future research with reference to evolutions in pro-environmental post-purchasing or non-purchasing behaviours during the years of economic crisis.

Practical implications
– Fewer consumers would buy ecological products if these were not comparable enough with the conventional products in terms of price and efficacy.

Originality/value
– First effort to explore the impact of the economic crisis on PPB in Greece. Encompassed new categories of ecological products. Revealed two components inside PPB (Purchase and Conservation) as well as number and size of consumer segments inside the Purchase component. Formulation of a partial profile of the frequent pro-environmental purchasers. Impact of Universalism on PPB was for the first time examined.
Strategic alliance motivation for technology commercialization and product development
Authors: Sompong Kusumaphorn , Igel Barbara , Lawton Smith Helen 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate the relationship among alliance motivation (AM), execution of cooperation (EC) and alliance performance of strategic alliance for commercializing technology and developing products.Design/methodology/approach– The measurements were constructed and tested empirically through a survey of 320 strategic alliances in the food processing industry in Thailand. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were applied to refine scales for measuring AM, execution and cooperation performance.Findings– This research found that firms adopted social interaction with alliance partners in order to establish mutual expectations about technology characteristics, access opportunity and organisational management styles, factors that are shown to have positive influences on both commercial and partnership performance. Findings also confirm a significant positive impact of technology characteristics, access opportunity, market potential and financial benefit on the adoption of a formal partnership agreement, but a significant impact only on commercial performance.Research limitations/implications– Further research should use random samples in different industries in other emerging economies, and other data analysis methods to assess decision-making in strategic technology alliances that may include different types of partnerships.Practical implications– The findings are also useful for managers who leverage operations with external resources obtained through strategic alliances parameters both in the process of managing relationships and achieving results.Originality/value– This article contributes to extant literature by developing a practical measurement system of AM, actual EC and resulting performance in an emerging economy country. It also contributes to clarify the decision-making of firms that form strategic alliances for commercializing technology and developing products to facilitate more quality management research in other industries and countries.
Reassortant swine influenza viruses isolated in Japan contain genes from pandemic A(H1N1) 2009
Authors: Kanehira Katsushi , Takemae Nobuhiro , Uchida Yuko , Hikono Hirokazu , Saito Takehiko 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIn 2013, three reassortant swine influenza viruses (SIVs)—two H1N2 and one H3N2—were isolated from symptomatic pigs in Japan; each contained genes from the pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 virus and endemic SIVs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two H1N2 viruses, A/swine/Gunma/1/2013 and A/swine/Ibaraki/1/2013, were reassortants that contain genes from the following three distinct lineages: (i) H1 and nucleoprotein (NP) genes derived from a classical swine H1 HA lineage uniquely circulating among Japanese SIVs; (ii) neuraminidase (NA) genes from human‐like H1N2 swine viruses; and (iii) other genes from pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 viruses. The H3N2 virus, A/swine/Miyazaki/2/2013, comprised genes from two sources: (i) hemagglutinin (HA) and NA genes derived from human and human‐like H3N2 swine viruses and (ii) other genes from pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 viruses. Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that each of the reassortants may have arisen independently in Japanese pigs. A/swine/Miyazaki/2/2013 were found to have strong antigenic reactivities with antisera generated for some seasonal human‐lineage viruses isolated during or before 2003, whereas A/swine/Miyazaki/2/2013 reactivities with antisera against viruses isolated after 2004 were clearly weaker. In addition, antisera against some strains of seasonal human‐lineage H1 viruses did not react with either A/swine/Gunma/1/2013 or A/swine/Ibaraki/1/2013. These findings indicate that emergence and spread of these reassortant SIVs is a potential public health risk.
Assessing the utility of statistical adjustments for imperfect detection in tropical conservation science
Authors: Banks‐Leite Cristina , Pardini Renata , Boscolo Danilo , Cassano Camila Righetto , Püttker Thomas , Barros Camila Santos , Barlow Jos 
Published: April 2014

Summary

In recent years, there has been a fast development of models that adjust for imperfect detection. These models have revolutionized the analysis of field data, and their use has repeatedly demonstrated the importance of sampling design and data quality. There are, however, several practical limitations associated with the use of detectability models which restrict their relevance to tropical conservation science.

We outline the main advantages of detectability models, before examining their limitations associated with their applicability to the analysis of tropical communities, rare species and large‐scale data sets. Finally, we discuss whether detection probability needs to be controlled before and/or after data collection.

Models that adjust for imperfect detection allow ecologists to assess data quality by estimating uncertainty and to obtain adjusted ecological estimates of populations and communities. Importantly, these models have allowed informed decisions to be made about the conservation and management of target species.

Data requirements for obtaining unadjusted estimates are substantially lower than for detectability‐adjusted estimates, which require relatively high detection/recapture probabilities and a number of repeated surveys at each location. These requirements can be difficult to meet in large‐scale environmental studies where high levels of spatial replication are needed, or in the tropics where communities are composed of many naturally rare species. However, while imperfect detection can only be adjusted statistically, covariates of detection probability can also be controlled through study design. Using three study cases where we controlled for covariates of detection probability through sampling design, we show that the variation in unadjusted ecological estimates from nearly 100 species was qualitatively the same as that obtained from adjusted estimates. Finally, we discuss that the decision as to whether one should control for covariates of detection probability through study design or statistical analyses should be dependent on study objectives.

Synthesis and applications. Models that adjust for imperfect detection are an important part of an ecologist's toolkit, but they should not be uniformly adopted in all studies. Ecologists should never let the constraints of models dictate which questions should be pursued or how the data should be analysed, and detectability models are no exception. We argue for pluralism in scientific methods, particularly where cost‐effective applied ecological science is needed to inform conservation policy at a range of different scales and in many different systems.