bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial localization of the Forkhead box class O transcription factor FOXO3a in brain
Authors: Caballero‐Caballero Aurelien , Engel Tobias , Martinez‐Villarreal Jaime , Sanz‐Rodriguez Amaya , Chang Patrick , Dunleavy Mark , Mooney Claire M. , Jimenez‐Mateos Eva M. , Schindler Clara K. , Henshall David C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFOXO3a is member of the Forkhead box class O transcription factors, which functions in diverse pathways to regulate cellular metabolism, differentiation, and apoptosis. FOXO3a shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus and may be activated in neurons by stressors, including seizures. A subset of nuclear transcription factors may localize to mitochondria, but whether FOXO3a is present within brain mitochondria is unknown. Here, we report that purified mitochondrial fractions from rat, mouse, and human hippocampus, as well as HT22 hippocampal cells, contain FOXO3a protein. Immunogold electron microscopy supported the presence of FOXO3a within brain mitochondria, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis suggested FOXO3a was associated with mitochondrial DNA. Over‐expression of a mitochondrially targeted FOXO3a fusion protein in HT22 cells, but not primary hippocampal neurons, conferred superior protection against glutamate toxicity than FOXO3a alone. Mitochondrial FOXO3a levels were reduced in the damaged region of the mouse hippocampus after status epilepticus, while mitochondrial fractions from the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy displayed higher levels of FOXO3a than controls. These results support mitochondria as a site of FOXO3a localization, which may contribute to the overall physiological and pathophysiological functions of this transcription factor.
Evaluation of masticatory function after maxillectomy using a colour‐changing chewing gum
Authors: Shibuya Y. , Ishida S. , Kobayashi M. , Hasegawa T. , Nibu K. , Komori T. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with the masticatory dysfunction after maxillectomy using a colour‐changing chewing gum. Thirty‐nine patients who underwent maxillectomy between January 2002 and May 2010 in the Department of Kobe University Hospital were recruited for this study. There were 20 male and 19 female subjects, with a median age of 73·3 years (range of 44–90) at the time of surgery. The intra‐oral conditions after maxillectomy were classified by HS classification, and the masticatory function was evaluated by a colour‐changing chewing gum and the results of a modified Sato's questionnaire. The scores of the colour‐changing gum were closely correlated with the scores of the modified Sato's questionnaire (r = 0·661, P < 0·01). A logistic regression analysis with the outcome variable of the gum test <4 demonstrated that significant predictors for the masticatory dysfunction were the number of anchor teeth ≤2 and a soft palate defect. A colour‐changing gum was found to be useful for evaluating the post‐operative masticatory function, and it was important to conserve the anchor teeth and the soft palate to avoid masticatory dysfunction.
The pharmacokinetics of midazolam after intravenous, intramuscular, and rectal administration in healthy dogs
Authors: Schwartz M. , Muñana K. R. , Nettifee‐Osborne J. A. , Messenger K. M. , Papich M. G. 
Published: December 2012

Intravenous benzodiazepines are utilized as first‐line drugs to treat prolonged epileptic seizures in dogs and alternative routes of administration are required when venous access is limited. This study compared the pharmacokinetics of midazolam after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and rectal (PR) administration. Six healthy dogs were administered 0.2 mg/kg midazolam IV, IM, or PR in a randomized, 3‐way crossover design with a 3‐day washout between study periods. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at predetermined intervals until 480 min after administration. Plasma midazolam concentrations were measured by high‐pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection. Rectal administration resulted in erratic systemic availability with undetectable to low plasma concentrations. Arithmetic mean values ± SD for midazolam peak plasma concentrations were 0.86 ± 0.36 μg/mL (C0) and 0.20 ± 0.06 μg/mL (Cmax), following IV and IM administration, respectively. Time to peak concentration (Tmax) after IM administration was 7.8 ± 2.4 min with a bioavailability of 50 ± 16%. Findings suggest that IM midazolam might be useful in treating seizures in dogs when venous access is unavailable, but higher doses may be needed to account for intermediate bioavailability. Rectal administration is likely of limited efficacy for treating seizures in dogs.
A Chronic Scheme of Cranial Window Preparation to Study Pial Vascular Reactivity in Murine Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Ong Peng Kai , Meays Diana , Frangos John A. , Carvalho Leonardo J.M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe acute implantation of a cranial window for studying cerebroarteriolar reactivity in living animals involves a highly surgically invasive craniotomy procedure at the time of experimentation, which limits its application in severely ill animals such as in the experimental murine model of cerebral malaria (ECM). To overcome this problem, a chronic window implantation scheme was designed and implemented.MethodsA partial craniotomy is first performed by creating a skull bone flap in the healthy mice, which are then left to recover for one to two weeks, followed by infection to induce ECM. Uninfected animals are utilized as control. When cranial superfusion is needed, the bone flap is retracted and window implantation completed by assembling a perfusion chamber for compound delivery to the exposed brain surface. The presurgical step is intended to minimize surgical trauma on the day of experimentation.ResultsChronic preparations in uninfected mice exhibited remarkably improved stability over acute ones by significantly reducing periarteriolar tissue damage and enhancing cerebroarteriolar dilator responses. The chronic scheme was successfully implemented in ECM mice, which unveiled novel preliminary insights into impaired cerebroarteriolar reactivity and eNOS dysfunction.ConclusionThe chronic scheme presents an innovative approach for advancing our mechanistic understanding on cerebrovascular dysfunction in ECM.
Identification and characterization of a periplasmic trilactone esterase, Cee, revealed unique features of ferric enterobactin acquisition in Campylobacter
Authors: Zeng Ximin , Mo Yiming , Xu Fuzhou , Lin Jun 
Published: December 2012

SummaryFerric enterobactin (FeEnt) acquisition is a highly efficient and conserved iron scavenging system in Gram‐negative bacteria. Recently, we have characterized two FeEnt receptors (CfrA and CfrB) in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli, the enteric human pathogens that do not produce any siderophores. In this study, whole‐genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis identified a unique Ent trilactone esterase Cee (Cj1376) in C. jejuni. Genomic analysis and biochemical assay strongly suggested that Cee is the sole trilactone esterase in C. jejuni. Thin‐layer chromatography and HPLC analyses showed high efficiency of the purified Cee to hydrolyse Ent. Three Cee homologues previously characterized from other bacteria (IroE, IroD and Fes) were also purified and analysed together with Cee, indicating that Cee, Fes and IroD displayed similar hydrolysis dynamics for both apo and ferric forms of Ent while IroE catalysed Ent inefficiently. Unlike cytoplasmic Fes and IroD, Cee is localized in the periplasm as demonstrated by immunoblotting using Cee‐specific antibodies. Genetic manipulation of diverse Campylobacter strains demonstrated that Cee is not only essential for CfrB‐dependent FeEnt acquisition but also involved in CfrA‐dependent pathway. Together, this study identified and characterized a novel periplasmic trilactone esterase and suggested a new model of FeEnt acquisition in Campylobacter.
Enteroendocrine secretion after roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass: is it important?
Authors: Vella A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObservational studies suggest that bariatric surgery is the most effective intervention for achieving a significant and durable weight loss. In patients with type 2 diabetes, such surgery is often associated with remission of their diabetes. The mechanism(s) by which surgeries such as Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) leads to favorable effects on glucose metabolism remain unknown. RYGB is associated with altered secretion of enteroendocrine hormones, leading to the belief that these hormones contribute to the improvement in insulin secretion and action as well as satiation after this procedure. However, it is important to consider the not insignificant effects of caloric restriction and the mechanical changes to the upper gut in determining the outcomes of such surgery.
Discovery and development of exome‐based, co‐dominant single nucleotide polymorphism markers in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Allen Alexandra M. , Barker Gary L. A. , Wilkinson Paul , Burridge Amanda , Winfield Mark , Coghill Jane , Uauy Cristobal , Griffiths Simon , Jack Peter , Berry Simon , Werner Peter , Melichar James P. E. , McDougall Jane , Gwilliam Rhian , Robinson Phil , Edwards Keith J. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryGlobally, wheat is the most widely grown crop and one of the three most important crops for human and livestock feed. However, the complex nature of the wheat genome has, until recently, resulted in a lack of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based molecular markers of practical use to wheat breeders. Recently, large numbers of SNP‐based wheat markers have been made available via the use of next‐generation sequencing combined with a variety of genotyping platforms. However, many of these markers and platforms have difficulty distinguishing between heterozygote and homozygote individuals and are therefore of limited use to wheat breeders carrying out commercial‐scale breeding programmes. To identify exome‐based co‐dominant SNP‐based assays, which are capable of distinguishing between heterozygotes and homozygotes, we have used targeted re‐sequencing of the wheat exome to generate large amounts of genomic sequences from eight varieties. Using a bioinformatics approach, these sequences have been used to identify 95 266 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms, of which 10 251 were classified as being putatively co‐dominant. Validation of a subset of these putative co‐dominant markers confirmed that 96% were true polymorphisms and 65% were co‐dominant SNP assays. The new co‐dominant markers described here are capable of genotypic classification of a segregating locus in polyploid wheat and can be used on a variety of genotyping platforms; as such, they represent a powerful tool for wheat breeders. These markers and related information have been made publically available on an interactive web‐based database to facilitate their use on genotyping programmes worldwide.
Mismatch responses evoked by nociceptive stimuli
Authors: Hu Li , Zhao Chen , Li Hong , Valentini Elia 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe studied whether nociceptive mismatch negativity (nMMN) could be obtained as result of nociceptive fibers stimulation. The purported nMMN revealed a topography similar to the somatosensory MMN (sMMN), which was observed at the bilateral temporal regions of the scalp. Importantly, only early negativities (100–250 ms) located at these regions revealed a selective modulation associated to the processing of deviancy regardless of the attentional focus. The amplitude modulation of the sMMN had an earlier onset than the nMMN (110 ms vs. 182 ms) as well as a larger difference of latency between the contralateral and the ipsilateral onset of the activity (52 ms vs. 4 ms). Altogether, these observations provide evidence that (a) a nMMN can be elicited by nociceptive stimuli, and (b) the nMMN is topographically similar to the sMMN while differing in latency and possibly in functional organization of their generators.
Dynamic governance interactions: Evolutionary effects of state responses to non‐state certification programs
Authors: Gulbrandsen Lars H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractResearch has recognized that states enable or constrain private governance initiatives, but we still know too little about the interactions between private and public authority in the governance of various social and environmental problems. This article examines how states have responded to the emergence of forest and fisheries certification programs, and how state responses have influenced the subsequent development of these programs. It is argued that historical and structural differences in the management of forest and fisheries have resulted in divergent state responses to certification programs, but that both trajectories of interaction have led to a strengthening of the non‐state program. The article draws upon these cases to inductively identify types of interaction between state policies and non‐state certification programs, the causal mechanisms that shed light on interaction dynamics, and the conditions under which state involvement is likely to result in either strengthening or weakening of non‐state programs.
Mother–Child Reminiscing About Peer Experiences and Children's Peer‐related Self‐views and Social Competence
Authors: Song Qingfang , Wang Qi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study examined mother–child reminiscing about children's experiences with peers and its relation to children's peer‐related self‐views and social competence. Sixty‐three mothers and their preschool‐aged children discussed at home two specific past events involving the child and his or her peers, one event being positive and one negative. The children's self‐views in peer relationships were assessed at school during individual interviews, and their social competence was rated by mothers. Both maternal and child participation in the reminiscing, in terms of reminiscing style and content, were uniquely associated with children's peer‐related self‐views and social competence. The results suggest the important role of family narrative practices in children's social development.
Post‐conventional Political Cultures via Processes of Direct Democracy: Theoretical Considerations Based on Jürgen Habermas and Lawrence Kohlberg
Authors: Rauschenbach Rolf 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this article, it is proposed to differentiate political cultures in two dimensions. First, inspired by Habermas' distinction of the contents of discourse, a distinction is suggested between moral, ethical‐political and pragmatic elements of political culture as well as of an element of culture of balancing interests. Second, inspired by Kohlberg's stage models for the development of the individual moral consciousness and for moral culture, a distinction is similarly suggested between two pre‐conventional, two conventional and two post‐conventional collective stages of political culture. It can be shown that from a normative point of view, only deliberations made in a post‐conventional political culture can produce reasonable or at least fair results. Conceptual considerations indicate processes of direct democracy as the method for promoting post‐conventional political cultures. The more liberty that the citizens have to formulate and trigger processes of direct democracy, the more one can expect from them to generate post‐conventional political cultures.
Extended follow‐up of an antibiotic cycling program for the management of febrile neutropenia in a hematologic malignancy and hematopoietic cell transplantation unit
Authors: Cumpston A. , Craig M. , Hamadani M. , Abraham J. , Hobbs G.R. , Sarwari A.R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundFebrile neutropenia is a common complication during treatment of hematological malignancies and hematopoietic cell transplantation. Empiric antibiotic therapy in this setting, while standard of care, commonly leads to microbial resistance. We have previously shown that cycling antibiotics in this patient population is feasible. This report provides long‐term follow‐up of cycling antibiotics in this patient population.MethodsIn a prospective cohort of hematological malignancy patients with neutropenic fever, we sought to evaluate the role of empiric antibiotic cycling in preventing antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic cycling was initiated in March 2002 and, until June 2005, antibiotics were cycled every 8 months (Cycling Period A). From July 2005 to December 2009, antibiotics were cycled every 3 months (Cycling Period B). The rates of bacteremia, resistance, and complications were compared to a retrospective cohort (Pre‐cycling Period).ResultsThe rate of gram‐negative bacteremia decreased when compared to Cycling Periods A and B (5.3 vs. 2.1 and 3.3 episodes/1000 patient‐days, respectively, P < 0.0001), most likely owing to implementation of quinolone prophylaxis. The resistance profile of the gram‐negative organisms isolated remained stable over the 3 time periods, with the exception of an increase in quinolone resistance during the cycling periods. Gram‐positive bacteremia rates remained stable, but vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus (VRE) increased significantly (0.1 vs. 1.0 and 1.6 episodes/1000 patient‐days, respectively, P = 0.005) during cycling periods. Mortality rates were comparable.ConclusionsAntibiotic cycling for neutropenic fever was effectively implemented and followed over an extended time period. Gram‐negative resistance remained stable, but there is some concern for selection of resistant gram‐positive bacteria, specifically VRE. Although antibiotic cycling did not seem to cause resistance in our study, further study is necessary to clarify the effect of cycling on antibiotic resistance, patient outcomes, and hospital cost.
Microbiologically documented infections in patients undergoing high‐dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation for the treatment of light chain amyloidosis
Authors: Taimur S. , Nader C. , Lloyd‐Travaglini C. , Seldin D.C. , Sanchorawala V. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundImmunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis can be treated with high‐dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDM/SCT). Risk factors for infections may include hyposplenism, hypogammaglobulinemia, treatment‐related neutropenia, melphalan‐induced mucositis, and nosocomial exposures.Methods and designA review of 493 patients with AL amyloidosis undergoing treatment with HDM/SCT from August 1994 to August 2009 was performed. The objectives were to determine the rate and types of infections following HDM/SCT, to identify factors associated with microbiologically documented infections, and to assess the contribution of infections to all‐cause treatment‐related mortality (TRM; defined as deaths within 100 days of SCT).ResultsMicrobiologically documented infections after HDM/SCT occurred in 24% (n = 119) of patients. TRM was 10% (n = 48) overall, and 21% (n = 25) in patients who had a documented infection. Thus, the relative risk of TRM in a patient with a documented infection was 3.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02–5.79). Infections were caused by gram‐positive bacteria in 51%, anaerobic bacteria in 16%, gram‐negative bacteria in 13%, and fungi in 9% of cases. Serum creatinine >2 mg/dL was associated with increased risk of post‐SCT infection (38% vs. 21%, P = 0.0007) with an odds ratio of 2.27 (95% CI 1.40–3.68). No significant association for infection was found for age, gender, cardiac involvement, prior steroid therapy, dose of melphalan, multiorgan involvement, days to neutrophil engraftment, or dose of CD34 + cells infused.ConclusionSerum creatinine >2 mg/dL is a risk factor for infections in patients with AL amyloidosis undergoing HDM/SCT. The relative risk of TRM in a patient with a documented infection was increased >3‐fold. A broad spectrum of infections, similar to that in other SCT patients, is seen in this population in the early post‐SCT period.
Seroprevalence of varicella‐zoster virus infection in children from Cochabamba: tropical or temperate pattern?
Authors: Masuet‐Aumatell Cristina , Ramon‐Torrell Josep Mª , Casanova‐Rituerto Aurora , Banqué‐Navarro Marta , Dávalos‐Gamboa María del Rosario , Montaño‐Rodríguez Sandra Lucía 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the seroprevalence of varicella‐zoster viral (VZV) infections in schoolchildren from the Cochabamba region (Bolivia), and its association with socio‐demographic variables, socio‐economic status and geographical location.MethodsSeroepidemiological survey (n = 436) on VZV of schoolchildren living in the Cochabamba region of Bolivia in 2010. An ELISA test was used to measure varicella antibodies. Parents or guardians completed a questionnaire regarding socio‐demographic information (age, gender, living area, parental educational level, presence of siblings and number of family members in the household), and a blood sample was collected from each child to check for VZV antibodies. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed.ResultsThe global prevalence of VZV was 78.2% (95% CI 74.3–82.1). It was higher in females (82.1%), pre‐adolescents (aged 10.1–13 years: 81.4%) and adolescents (aged >13 years: 80.2%), in children with less well‐educated parents (81.3% to 81.6%), in warmer municipalities (81.4% to 82.2%), in rural areas (80.0%), in children with siblings (80.1%), those who although the latter association was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe prevalence of VZV infection in childhood was relatively high for a tropical country, and much closer to that of temperate countries prior to the introduction of varicella vaccine into vaccination programmes.
AXR1 promotes the Arabidopsis cytokinin response by facilitating ARR5 proteolysis
Authors: Li Yan , Kurepa Jasmina , Smalle Jan 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe plant hormone cytokinin plays essential roles in many aspects of growth and development. The cytokinin signal is transmitted by a multi‐step phosphorelay to the members of two functionally antagonistic classes of Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs): type B ARRs (response activators) and type A ARRs (negative‐feedback regulators). Previous studies have shown that mutations in AXR1, encoding a subunit of the E1 enzyme in the RUB (related to ubiquitin) modification pathway, lead to decreased cytokinin sensitivity. Here we show that the cytokinin resistance of axr1 seedlings is suppressed by loss of function of the type A ARR family member ARR5. Based on the established role of the RUB pathway in ubiquitin‐dependent proteolysis, these data suggest that AXR1 promotes the cytokinin response by facilitating type A ARR degradation. Indeed, both genetic (axr1 mutants) and chemical (MLN4924) suppression of RUB E1 increased ARR5 stability, suggesting that the ubiquitin ligase that promotes ARR5 proteolysis requires RUB modification for optimal activity.