bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Rapid Genome Sequencing in Neonatal Intensive Care
Authors: Marom Daphna , Mory Adi , Reytan-Miron Sivan , Amir Yam , Kurolap Alina , Cohen Julia Grinshpun , Morhi Yocheved , Smolkin Tatiana , Cohen Lior , Zangen Shmuel , Shalata Adel , Riskin Arieh , Peleg Amir , Lavie-Nevo Karen , Mandel Dror , Chervinsky Elana , Fisch Clari Felszer , Sheffer Vered Fleisher , Falik-Zaccai Tzipora C. , Rips Jonathan , Shlomai Noa Ofek , Friedman Smadar Eventov , Shporen Calanit Hershkovich , Ben-Yehoshua Sagie Josefsberg , Simmonds Aryeh , Yaacobi Racheli Goldfarb , Bauer-Rusek Sofia , Omari Hussam , Weiss Karin , Hochwald Ori , Koifman Arie , Globus Omer , Batzir Nurit Assia , Yaron Naveh , Segel Reeval , Morag Iris , Reish Orit , Eliyahu Aviva , Leibovitch Leah , Schwartz Marina Eskin , Abramsky Ramy , Hochberg Amit , Oron Anat , Banne Ehud , Portnov Igor , Samra Nadra Nasser , Singer Amihood , Feldman Hagit Baris 
Published: August 2024

(Abstracted from JAMA Network Open 2024;7(2):e240146
A large portion of mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) can be attributed to genetic disorders and/or birth defects; often, diagnosis of specific disorders can be difficult due to overlapping symptomology and insufficient sensitivity of tests for this age group. Next-generation sequencing has the potential to provide precision diagnosis that will assist in prognosis, lifesaving therapy, and palliative care decisions and has been shown to be highly accurate.
The Different Influence of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis in the Lumbar Disc
Authors: Zhang Mingtao , Deng Liangna , Jia Jingwen , Cao Zhenyu , Li Yalong , Zhang Junfu , He Xuegang , Lei Shuanhu , Hu Xuchang , Kang Xuewen 
Published: August 2024

Study Design.
Animal laboratory study.

Objective.
This study investigated the effects of Cutibacterium
acnes and Staphylococcus
epidermidis on the lumbar discs of rabbits, as well as the outcomes of combined infection.

Summary of Background Data.
Many studies have indicated that bacterial infections are associated with lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). The most commonly cultured bacteria from disc tissues are C. acnes and S. epidermidis.

Methods.
New Zealand white rabbits (n=40) were randomly divided into control, C. acnes, S. epidermidis, and C. acnes plus S. epidermidis (i.e., combined) groups. All groups except the control were injected with 25 μL of saline at L4–L5 and 25 μL of bacteria (1×107 CFU/mL) at L5–L6. All injections were performed under x-ray guidance. Weight measurements, haematological evaluations, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Histological examination and gene expression detection were performed 12 weeks after surgery.

Results.
Inflammatory factors in the blood and weight did not differ among the groups after 4, 8, and 12 weeks (P>0.05). However, after 4 weeks, LDD occurred in the C. acnes group, and discitis occurred in the S. epidermidis and combined groups, all of which worsened after 8 weeks. After 12 weeks, the nucleus pulposus (NP) protruded and compressed the spinal cord in the C. acnes group, and tissue staining showed decreased NP tissue and cartilaginous endplate fracture. In the S. epidermidis and combined groups, the discitis was more confined, but tissue staining revealed a significant decrease in NP tissue, and loss of the normal disc structure.

Conclusions.
In the early stage of infection in rabbits, C. acnes caused LDD, and S. epidermidis caused discitis. Coinfection with C. acnes and S. epidermidis caused discitis but was more limited in scope than infection with S. epidermidis alone.
Impact of Prior Cervical Fusion on Patients Undergoing Thoracolumbar Deformity Correction
Authors: Singh Manjot , Balmaceno-Criss Mariah , Daher Mohammad , Lafage Renaud , Eastlack Robert K. , Gupta Munish C. , Mundis Gregory M. , Gum Jeffrey L. , Hamilton Kojo D. , Hostin Richard , Passias Peter G. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Kebaish Khaled M. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Ames Christopher P. , Burton Douglas C. , Lewis Stephen M. , Klineberg Eric O. , Kim Han Jo , Schwab Frank J. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Smith Justin S. , Line Breton G. , Bess Shay , Lafage Virginie , Diebo Bassel G. , Daniels Alan H. ,   on behalf of the ISSG
Published: August 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

Objective.
Evaluate the impact of prior cervical constructs on upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV) selection and postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing thoracolumbar deformity correction.

Background.
Surgical planning for adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients involves consideration of spinal alignment and existing fusion constructs.

Methods.
ASD patients with (ANTERIOR or POSTERIOR) and without (NONE) prior cervical fusion who underwent thoracolumbar fusion were included. Demographics, radiographic alignment, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and complications were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on POSTERIOR patients to identify parameters predictive of UIV choice and to evaluate postoperative outcomes impacted by UIV selection.

Results.
Among 542 patients, with 446 NONE, 72 ANTERIOR, and 24 POSTERIOR patients, mean age was 64.4 years and 432 (80%) were female. Cervical fusion patients had worse preoperative cervical and lumbosacral deformity, and PROMs (P<0.05). In the POSTERIOR cohort, preoperative LIV was frequently below the cervicothoracic junction (54%) and uncommonly (13%) connected to the thoracolumbar UIV. Multivariate analyses revealed that higher preoperative cervical SVA (coeff=−0.22, 95% CI=−0.43 to −0.01, P=0.038) and C2SPi (coeff=−0.72, 95% CI=−1.36 to −0.07, P=0.031), and lower preoperative thoracic kyphosis (coeff=0.14, 95% CI=0.01-0.28, P=0.040) and thoracolumbar lordosis (coeff=0.22, 95% CI=0.10-0.33, P=0.001) were predictive of cranial UIV. Two-year postoperatively, cervical patients continued to have worse cervical deformity and PROMs (P<0.05) but had comparable postoperative complications. Choice of thoracolumbar UIV below or above T6, as well as the number of unfused levels between constructs, did not affect patient outcomes.

Conclusions.
Among patients who underwent thoracolumbar deformity correction, prior cervical fusion was associated with more severe spinopelvic deformity and PROMs preoperatively. The choice of thoracolumbar UIV was strongly predicted by their baseline cervical and thoracolumbar alignment. Despite their poor preoperative condition, these patients still experienced significant improvements in their thoracolumbar alignment and PROMs after surgery, irrespective of UIV selection.

Level of Evidence.
IV.
Hepatitis co-infection in paediatric HIV: progressing treatment and prevention
Authors: Rubino Chiara , Stinco Mariangela , Indolfi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
To analyse the main evidence and recommendations for the management of hepatitis co-infection in children living with HIV.

Recent findings
We analysed available data pertaining to the natural history of liver disease and treatment of co-infected children.

Summary
Viral hepatitis co-infection in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is a global problem owing to the shared routes of transmission, particularly in areas of high endemicity for the three viruses. Viral hepatitis co-infection can accelerate liver disease progression and increase morbidity and mortality, even in patients on suppressive antiretroviral treatment (ART). Viral hepatitis should be routinely screened in PLHIV and, once diagnosed with viral hepatitis, PLHIV should be closely monitored for liver disease progression and complications. Children living with HIV-HBV co-infection should be treated with ART containing agents which are active against both viruses. Children living with HIV-HCV co-infection should receive directly acting antivirals (DAA) to eradicate HCV infection. Prevention measures to reduce vertical and horizontal transmission of HBV and HCV (anti-HBV vaccination and immunoglobulins, anti-HBV treatment in pregnancy, anti-HCV DAAs in people of childbearing age, avoiding blood contact, sexual barrier precautions) should be adopted and encouraged, particularly in high endemicity countries.
Comparative Rheology of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers, Poly-l-lactic Acid, and Varying Dilutions of Calcium Hydroxylapatite
Authors: McCarthy Alec D. , Soares Danny J. , Chandawarkar Akash , El-Banna Radia , de Lima Faria Gladstone E. , Hagedorn Nadine 
Published: August 2024

Background:
This study examines the rheological properties of various dermal fillers, including hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), and calcium hydroxylapatite-carboxymethylcellulose (CaHA-CMC) gels, with a particular focus on the impact of aqueous dilution on CaHA-CMC’s rheology and potential clinical implications.

Methods:
Using standardized rheological analysis, we measured and compared the elastic modulus (G′), viscous modulus (G″), and the tan δ values of different dilutions of CaHA-CMC against published values of HA and PLLA fillers. The study aimed to determine the potential clinical use of application-specific CaHA-CMC hydrogel dilutions along a range of gel strength and cohesion for hydrogel fillers in current use.

Results:
The findings demonstrate that CaHA-CMC’s rheological properties can be tailored across a broad spectrum of viscoelastic parameters through titrated dilution, ranging from high elasticity to low cohesion. Varying the aqueous volume allows for the rheomodulation of CaHA-CMC, potentially matching the entire rheological spectrum of HA fillers and suggesting an expanded range of clinical applications.

Conclusions:
The versatility of CaHA-CMC through dilution may offer a customizable approach for clinical applications, providing practitioners with the ability to fine-tune the properties of fillers to meet specific patient needs and treatment goals. This study lays the groundwork for the potential future use of filler dilutional rheomodulation in clinical practice, tailored to patient- and application-specific needs.
Alexithymia Prevalence, Characterization, and Associations With Emotional Functioning and Life Satisfaction: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model System Study
Authors: Neumann Dawn , Hammond Flora M. , Sander Angelle M. , Bogner Jennifer , Bushnik Tamara , Finn Jacob A. , Chung Joyce S. , Klyce Daniel W. , Sevigny Mitch , Ketchum Jessica M. 
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Alexithymia an emotional processing deficit that interferes with a person’s ability to recognize, express, and differentiate emotional states. Study objectives were to (1) determine rates of elevated alexithymia among people with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) 1-year post-injury, (2) identify demographic and injury-related variables associated with high versus low-average levels of alexithymia, and (3) examine associations among alexithymia with other aspects of emotional functioning and life satisfaction. Setting: Data were collected during follow-up interviews across four TBI Model System (TBIMS) centers. Participants: The sample consisted of 196 participants with moderate-to-severe TBI enrolled in the TBIMS. They were predominately male (77%), White (69%), and had no history of pre-injury mental health treatment (66.3%). Design: Cross-sectional survey data were obtained at study enrollment and 1-year post-injury. Main Measures: Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) as well as measures of anger, aggression, hostility, emotional dysregulation, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, resilience and life satisfaction. Sociodemographic information, behavioral health history and injury-related variables were also included. Results: High levels of alexithymia (TAS-20 score > 1.5 standard deviation above the normative mean) were observed for 14.3%. Compared to individuals with low/average levels of alexithymia, the high alexithymia group tended to have lower levels of education. At 1-year follow-up, high TAS-20 scores were strongly associated with emotional dysregulation and post-traumatic stress; moderately associated with anger, hostility, depression, anxiety, lower resilience and lower satisfaction with life; and weakly associated with aggression. Conclusion: These findings provide further evidence that alexithymia is associated with poor emotional functioning and life satisfaction after TBI. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine if alexithymia is a risk factor that precipitates and predicts worse emotional outcomes in the TBI population. This line of work is important for informing treatment targets that could prevent or reduce of psychological distress after TBI.
Prebiotic Treatment in People With Schizophrenia
Authors: Buchanan Robert W. , Werkheiser Anne E. , Michel Hanna , Zaranski Jennifer , Glassman Matthew , Adams Heather A. , Vyas Gopal , Blatt Frank , Pilli Nageswara R. , Pan Yezhi , Chen Shuo , Fraser Claire M. , Kelly Deanna L. , Kane Maureen A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Preliminary evidence suggests that people with schizophrenia have decreased relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut microbiota. Butyrate plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the gut-blood barrier and has a number of anti-inflammatory effects. This proof-of-concept study was designed to assess whether the addition of the oligofructose-enriched inulin (OEI) prebiotic: Prebiotin could increase the production of butyrate.

Methods
Twenty-seven people who met the criteria for either Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were entered into a 10-day, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. The study was conducted on an inpatient unit to standardize the participant diet and environment. Participants were randomized to either OEI (4 g, 3 times a day) or a placebo (4 g of maltodextrin, 3 times a day). In order to assess the effect of OEI treatment on butyrate levels, participants underwent pretreatment and posttreatment OEI challenges. The primary outcome measure was relative change in postchallenge plasma butyrate levels after 10 days of OEI treatment.

Results
In both the intent-to-treat and completer analyses, OEI treatment was associated with a greater number of participants who met the OEI challenge responder criteria than those treated with placebo. OEI treatment was also associated with an increase in baseline butyrate levels (effect size for the group difference in the change of baseline butyrate levels was 0.58).

Conclusions
We were able to demonstrate that treatment with the prebiotic OEI selectively increased the level of plasma butyrate in people with schizophrenia.

Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03617783
Rotator Cuff Tears, Repairs, and Shoulder Arthroplasties Among Workers' Compensation Claimants
Authors: Hunt Dan L. , Bernacki Edward J. , Tsourmas Nicholas F. , Kalia Nimisha , Yuspeh Larry , Leung Nina , Green-McKenzie Judith , Malak Paul , Tao Xuguang (Grant) 
Published: August 2024

Background
Rotator cuff repair (RCR) is increasingly being performed for both acute traumatic and degenerative tears of the rotator cuff, whereas total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is reserved for osteonecrosis of the humeral head, arthritis of the glenohumeral joint, and failed RCR.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the incidence and patient characteristics of rotator cuff tears (RCTs), RCRs, and TSAs among workers' compensation claimants.

Methods
A total of 8347 RCTs indemnity claims filed to Accident Fund Group from 2007 to 2022 were studied.

Results
Over the study period, the percentages of RCTs increased from 41% to 65% among shoulder injury indemnity claimants, RCRs increased from 88% to 92% of RCTs, and TSAs increased from 1% to 5%.

Conclusions
RCT, RCR, and TSA have increased dramatically among workers' compensation claimants, with age of the injured worker being the primary determinant of the increase.
Artificial Intelligence for Diagnosis in Otologic Patients: Is It Ready to Be Your Doctor?
Authors: Marshall Camryn , Forbes Jessica , Seidman Michael D. , Roldan Luis , Atkins James 
Published: August 2024

Objective
Investigate the precision of language-model artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnosing conditions by contrasting its predictions with diagnoses made by board-certified otologic/neurotologic surgeons using patient-described symptoms.

Study Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
Tertiary care center.

Patients
One hundred adults participated in the study. These included new patients or established patients returning with new symptoms. Individuals were excluded if they could not provide a written description of their symptoms.

Interventions
Summaries of the patient's symptoms were supplied to three publicly available AI platforms: Chat GPT 4.0, Google Bard, and WebMD “Symptom Checker.”

Main Outcome Measures
This study evaluates the accuracy of three distinct AI platforms in diagnosing otologic conditions by comparing AI results with the diagnosis determined by a neurotologist with the same information provided to the AI platforms and again after a complete history and physical examination.

Results
The study includes 100 patients (52 men and 48 women; average age of 59.2 yr). Fleiss' kappa between AI and the physician is −0.103 (p < 0.01). The chi-squared test between AI and the physician is χ
2 = 12.95 (df = 2; p < 0.001). Fleiss' kappa between AI models is 0.409. Diagnostic accuracies are 22.45, 12.24, and 5.10% for ChatGPT 4.0, Google Bard, and WebMD, respectively.

Conclusions
Contemporary language-model AI platforms can generate extensive differential diagnoses with limited data input. However, doctors can refine these diagnoses through focused history-taking, physical examinations, and clinical experience—skills that current AI platforms lack.
Cochlear Implantation in Post-Meningitis Deafness: Audiological, Imaging, and Postoperative Outcomes: A Systematic Review With Qualitative Synthesis
Authors: Ahmadian David , Young Kurtis , Gallego Charles , Miller Mia 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Post-meningitis deafness (PMD) is a potentially devastating cause of hearing loss among pediatric and adult patients, for which hearing rehabilitation with cochlear implants (CIs) remains the standard of care. To date, there have been limited systematic studies on the impact of cochlear ossification (CO) and time-to-implantation (TTI) on audiological outcomes.

Methods
An online database search was performed on the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for articles within the past 20 years pertaining to audiological outcomes among pediatric and adult patients with PMD. Information on study characteristics, patient demographics, clinical outcomes, and postoperative complications was collected and analyzed.

Results
From 8,325 articles generated in the original search, 11 were included in the final analysis, representing 376 patients in total. Of the articles discussing TTI, the majority (3 of 4) found that a shorter TTI of 6 months on average led to improved audiological outcomes compared with control groups with a longer TTI. Of the articles that discussed the impact of preoperative CO, the majority (4 of 6) found that the presence of CO had a detrimental effect on postoperative audiological outcomes after CI. Finally, of the articles that discussed long-term audiological outcomes for PMD compared with the non-PMD control group after CI, the majority (4 of 7) found that PMD patients had inferior long-term outcomes.

Conclusion
CI is a safe and effective treatment modality for PMD, with the majority of literature demonstrating improved long-term outcomes for patients without CO and a reduced TTI.
Outcomes of Endoscopic Antireflux Mucosectomy for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Galvarini Martin , Angeramo Cristian A. , Kerman Javier , Balmaceda Rubén , Debes Ignacio , Herbella Fernando A.M. , Schlottmann Francisco 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in western countries. Endoscopic procedures have recently emerged as an alternative therapy to surgery for patients with GERD. The aim of this study was to determine outcomes after endoscopic antireflux mucosectomy (ARMS).

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to analyze outcomes after ARMS. The main outcomes included patients’ satisfaction, GERD health-related quality of life, use of proton pump inhibitors, and DeMeester score. The secondary endpoint was postprocedural adverse events. A meta-analysis of proportions was used to assess the effect of each approach on different outcomes.

Results:
A total of 22 studies comprising 654 patients were included for analysis. The mean age of patients was 51.83 (36 to 59.39) years, and the mean body mass index was 25.06 (23.5 to 27) kg/m2. The weighted pooled proportion of patient satisfaction after ARMS was 65% (95% CI: 52%-76%). The pooled proportion of patients taking proton pump inhibitors decreases from 100% to 40.84% (P < 0.001). The mean GERD health-related quality of life scores (pre 19.48 vs post 7.90, P < 0.001) and DeMeester score (pre 44.99 vs post 15.02 P = 0.005) significantly improved after ARMS. Overall morbidity rate was 27% (95% CI: 13%-47%), with a weighted pooled proportion of perforation, stricture, and bleeding of 3% (95% CI: 2%-6%), 12% (95% CI: 9%-16%), and 6% (95% CI: 2%-17%), respectively.

Conclusions:
Endoscopic ARMS for GERD is associated with symptomatic improvement, reduction of medical therapy, and enhanced quality of life. Refinements of the technique, however, are needed to decrease morbidity.
Updates on temporomandibular joint reconstruction following ablative surgery
Authors: Disse Gregory D. , Masheeb Zahrah , Abouyared Marianne 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
Considerations regarding reconstruction of the temporomandibular junction (TMJ) following ablation have been underreported in head and neck surgery literature. Here, we discuss the complexity of reconstructing this unique joint and highlight the benefits and drawbacks of free tissue transfer. Additionally, we address the growing role of customized alloplastic implants and virtual surgical planning technologies in TMJ reconstruction.

Recent findings
Technological advances in computerized manufacturing, 3D printing, and virtual reality have led to a recent burgeoning in patient-specific customization that may become the method of choice in these complex reconstruction cases.

Summary
Since trauma and malignancy rarely compromise the entire TMJ, guidelines currently do not exist regarding how to best reconstruct the region in these unique cases. The methods that work in ankylosis and other intrinsic joint diseases are likely less appropriate in this patient population. Recent literature has reported improved patient outcomes and reduced operative times with virtual surgical planning techniques that may optimize autogenous graft approaches.