bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First surface velocity maps for glaciers of Monte Tronador, North Patagonian Andes, derived from sequential Pléiades satellite images
Authors: Ruiz L. , Berthier E. , Masiokas M. , Pitte P. , Villalba R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe apply cross-correlation to Pléiades satellite images to generate accurate, high-resolution monthly surface velocity maps of Monte Tronador glaciers between March and June 2012. Measured surface displacements cover periods as short as 19 days, with a precision of ∼0.58 m (11 m a−1). These glaciers follow a radial flow pattern, with maximum surface speeds of ∼390 m a−1 associated with steep icefalls. The lower reaches of the debris-covered tongues of Verde and Casa Pangue glaciers are almost stagnant, whereas Ventisquero Negro, another debris-covered glacier, shows acceleration at the front due to calving into a proglacial lake. Low-elevation debris-covered glacier tongues show increasing velocities at the beginning of the accumulation season, whereas higher-elevation, clean-ice tongues reduce their speed during this period. This contrasting behavior is probably in response to an increase in water input to the subglacial system from winter rainfall events at low elevations and a decrease in meltwater production at higher elevations. These sequential velocity maps can help to identify the controls on glacier surface velocity, aid in the delimitation of ice divides and could also contribute to more realistic calibration of ice-flux-mass–balance models in this glacierized area.
A 22 month record of surface meteorology and energy balance from the ablation zone of Brewster Glacier, New Zealand
Authors: Cullen Nicolas J. , Conway Jonathan P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMulti-annual records of glacier surface meteorology and energy balance are necessary to resolve glacier–climate interactions but remain sparse, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. To address this, we present a record from the ablation zone of Brewster Glacier, New Zealand, between October 2010 and September 2012. The mean air temperature was 1.2°C at 1760 m a.s.l., with only a moderate temperature difference between the warmest and coldest months (∼8°C). Long-term annual precipitation was estimated to exceed 6000 mm a−1, with the majority of precipitation falling within a few degrees of the freezing level. The main melt season was between November and March (83% of annual ablation), but melt events occurred during all months. Annually, net radiation was positive (a source of energy) and supplied 64% of the melt energy, driven primarily by net shortwave radiation. Net longwave radiation was often positive during cloudy conditions in summer, demonstrating the radiative importance of clouds during melt. Turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes were directed towards the surface in the summer months, accounting for just over a third of the energy for melt (34%). The energy gain associated with rainfall was small except during heavy events in summer.
Comment rouvrir le dossier du travail et rendre l’action collective possible ? À propos de deux exemples d’intervention en situation de crise
Authors: Bègue Florence 
Published: September 2015

Cet article retrace deux interventions en milieu de travail, dans des contextes de crise et souligne la nécessité de réponses collectives, tant dans leur élaboration que dans leur réalisation. Les principes de l’intervention restent les mêmes, mais chaque démarche reste unique, imprévisible et ouvre un chantier dont on ne mesure ni l’étendue, ni les obstacles, ni l’aboutissement. Dans tous les cas, la démarche vise à rendre la parole à ceux qui l’ont perdue ; elle propose de mettre en mouvement, en dynamique, en vie, les questions du travail qui se posent à ceux qui l’exercent, de retisser du sens commun, de lutter pour rendre l’action collective possible.
Effet boomerang d’une enquête de terrain et engagement journalistique
Authors: Weissman Élisabeth 
Published: September 2015

À quoi sert une enquête de terrain qui témoigne de la souffrance au travail engendrée par la casse des missions de service public, qui en décrypte les causes systémiques et recense les résistances qu’elle suscite ? Outre la reconnaissance pour les salariés du caractère transversal et collectif de leur situation, elle peut avoir un effet boomerang de soulagement, de mise en perspective et de mise en réseau des nouvelles modalités d’action. Autant d’incidences qui posent la question de l’engagement du journaliste et du caractère erroné de la prétendue neutralité journalistique.
Plaintes d’employeurs devant le Conseil de l’ordre des médecins : quand l’incompétence se fait juge de la compétence
Authors: Carré Alain , Huez Dominique 
Published: September 2015

L’élaboration depuis 1980, dans un contexte d’organisations du travail délétères, d’une « clinique médicale du travail » dont les fondements reposent sur les sciences humaines du travail, permet aux médecins qui y adhèrent et la pratiquent de diagnostiquer le lien entre la santé d’un travailleur et des éléments de son travail et d’en attester. Les employeurs, afin d’assurer leur désengagement moral lors de conflit avec un travailleur, utilisent une stratégie classique de dénigrement et d’intimidation des praticiens qui rendent visible ce lien en les poursuivant devant les juridictions de l’ordre des médecins dont la compétence et le fonctionnement sont problématiques.
Acute Viral Respiratory Infection Rapidly Induces a CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion–like Phenotype
Authors: Erickson John J. , Lu Pengcheng , Wen Sherry , Hastings Andrew K. , Gilchuk Pavlo , Joyce Sebastian , Shyr Yu , Williams John V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAcute viral infections typically generate functional effector CD8+ T cells (TCD8) that aid in pathogen clearance. However, during acute viral lower respiratory infection, lung TCD8 are functionally impaired and do not optimally control viral replication. T cells also become unresponsive to Ag during chronic infections and cancer via signaling by inhibitory receptors such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). PD-1 also contributes to TCD8 impairment during viral lower respiratory infection, but how it regulates TCD8 impairment and the connection between this state and T cell exhaustion during chronic infections are unknown. In this study, we show that PD-1 operates in a cell-intrinsic manner to impair lung TCD8. In light of this, we compared global gene expression profiles of impaired epitope-specific lung TCD8 to functional spleen TCD8 in the same human metapneumovirus–infected mice. These two populations differentially regulate hundreds of genes, including the upregulation of numerous inhibitory receptors by lung TCD8. We then compared the gene expression of TCD8 during human metapneumovirus infection to those in acute or chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. We find that the immunophenotype of lung TCD8 more closely resembles T cell exhaustion late into chronic infection than do functional effector T cells arising early in acute infection. Finally, we demonstrate that trafficking to the infected lung alone is insufficient for TCD8 impairment or inhibitory receptor upregulation, but that viral Ag–induced TCR signaling is also required. Our results indicate that viral Ag in infected lungs rapidly induces an exhaustion-like state in lung TCD8 characterized by progressive functional impairment and upregulation of numerous inhibitory receptors.
The Ubiquitin-like Modifier FAT10 Is Selectively Expressed in Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells and Modifies T Cell Selection
Authors: Buerger Stefanie , Herrmann Valerie L. , Mundt Sarah , Trautwein Nico , Groettrup Marcus , Basler Michael 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
HLA-F adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) is a cytokine-inducible ubiquitin-like modifier that is highly expressed in the thymus and directly targets FAT10-conjugated proteins for degradation by the proteasome. High expression of FAT10 in the mouse thymus could be assigned to strongly autoimmune regulator–expressing, mature medullary thymic epithelial cells, which play a pivotal role in negative selection of T cells. Also in the human thymus, FAT10 is localized in the medulla but not the cortex. TCR Vβ-segment screening revealed a changed T cell repertoire in FAT10-deficient mice. Analysis of five MHC class I– and II–restricted TCR-transgenic mice demonstrated an altered thymic negative selection in FAT10-deficient mice. Furthermore, the repertoire of peptides eluted from MHC class I molecules was influenced by FAT10 expression. Hence, we identified FAT10 as a novel modifier of thymic Ag presentation and epitope-dependent elimination of self-reactive T cells, which may explain why the fat10 gene could recently be linked to enhanced susceptibility to virus-triggered autoimmune diabetes.
An Analysis of Iranian Electronic Cities Case Study: Uremia City (Challenges and Opportunities)
Authors: Alizadeh Asl Jabbar , Zarrabi Asghar , Taghvaei Masoud , Mohamadi Jamal 
Published: September 2015

<p class="emsd">Electronic cities result from the implication of information and communication technology (ICT) in the contemporary era. Significant ICT development and internet network expansion as well as the need of urban management to new ideas in managing cities lead us toward a new strategy called "electronic cities". The current study aims at investigating the strategic planning of Iranian electronic cities, case study of the metropolitan uremia, Iran. Research method is documentary and survey. Research<strong> </strong>Statistical population consists of all experts located in Uremia, selected through Morgan Table. To collect data, Likert spectrum is employed. Findings indicate that the most important challenges in the way of establishing an electronic city include the lack of strategic document for urban development, high number of decision-making centers and administrative extra parallel works among them, the inclination of the urban managers toward traditional methods, low-speed, high-cost internet connection, the lack of infrastructures for ICT, the lack of digital literacy among citizens and so on. According to the findings, some strategies have been recommended, which they need the serious care of urban managers and planners in the metropolitan Uremia. </p>
Hybrid Lumbar Fusion: A clinical and radiological review at 2 years
Authors: Dyson P. , Abuhadra K. , Warren M. 
Published: September 2015

We report on our first 20 patients treated with hybrid lower lumbar stabilization, in which one or more segments were treated with caged interbody fusion by PLIF technique and one or more adjacent segments were stabilized using GRAF instrumentation.
The indications for interbody fusion included spondylolysis; previous failed disc surgery, and primary discopathy with positive discography and/or active modic signal on MRI.
The indication for flexible stabilization of adjacent segments was for disc degeneration on MRI scanning with or without evidence of posterior annular tear.
This was a prospective study with clinical evaluation using VAS pain scales and Oswestry disability score. All patients were reviewed by an independent consultant radiologist to assess integrity of the implant after two years and underwent CT scanning to assess progression of the caged fusion. There were no instances of failed fusion in this group and no cases of implant failure.
“From Qatar to the World” Abstracts Presented at International Conferences /or Published in Medical Journals
Authors: Gehani A. A. , Hammoudeh Mohammed 
Published: September 2015

Objective: The management of antenatally diagnosed ureteropelvic junction obstruction (PUJO) is controversial. Here, we present our experience over a period of 13 years and discuss our management protocol.
Materials and Methods: We received the files of 234 patients with antenatally diagnosed congenital hydronephrosis due to PUJO. Management was tailored to each patient, based on a combination of diethylenetetraminepentacetic acid renogram outcome, pelvic diameter, as well as the patient's symptoms.
Performance comparison of box-cox transformation and weighted variance methods with weibull distribution
Authors: Sennaroglu Bahar , Senvar Ozlem 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA standard process capability index is calculated based on the assumption that the quality characteristic of the process follows the normal distribution. But there are many cases in which the quality characteristic comes from a non-normal distribution. This paper studies Box-Cox transformation method and Weighted Variance method to calculate process capability indices for Weibull distributed quality characteristic and compares performances of these methods. Weibull distribution is extensively used as a lifetime distribution model because of its flexible shape. The data sets used in performance comparison are randomly generated from Weibull distribution for two different shape and scale parameters through a simulation study. The results indicate that Box-Cox transformation method produces better estimates for process capability than Weighted Variance method.
Acute effects of anterior thigh foam rolling on hip angle, knee angle, and rectus femoris length in the modified Thomas test
Authors: Vigotsky Andrew D. , Lehman Gregory J. , Contreras Bret , Beardsley Chris , Chung Bryan , Feser Erin H. 
Published: September 2015

Background.Foam rolling has been shown to acutely increase range of motion (ROM) during knee flexion and hip flexion with the experimenter applying an external force, yet no study to date has measured hip extensibility as a result of foam rolling with controlled knee flexion and hip extension moments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of foam rolling on hip extension, knee flexion, and rectus femoris length during the modified Thomas test.Methods.Twenty-three healthy participants (male = 7; female = 16; age = 22 ± 3.3 years; height = 170 ± 9.18 cm; mass = 67.7 ± 14.9 kg) performed two, one-minute bouts of foam rolling applied to the anterior thigh. Hip extension and knee flexion were measured via motion capture before and after the foam rolling intervention, from which rectus femoris length was calculated.Results.Although the increase in hip extension (change = +1.86° (+0.11, +3.61); z(22) = 2.08;p= 0.0372; Pearson’sr= 0.43 (0.02, 0.72)) was not due to chance alone, it cannot be said that the observed changes in knee flexion (change = −1.39° (−5.53, +2.75); t(22) = −0.70;p= 0.4933; Cohen’sd= − 0.15 (−0.58, 0.29)) or rectus femoris length (change = −0.005 (−0.013, +0.003); t(22) = −1.30;p= 0.2070; Cohen’sd= − 0.27 (−0.70, 0.16)) were not due to chance alone.Conclusions.Although a small change in hip extension was observed, no changes in knee flexion or rectus femoris length were observed. From these data, it appears unlikely that foam rolling applied to the anterior thigh will improve passive hip extension and knee flexion ROM, especially if performed in combination with a dynamic stretching protocol.
Evaluating Didactic Methods for Training Medical Students in the Use of Bedside Ultrasound for Clinical Practice at a Faculty of Medicine in Romania
Authors: Florescu Cosmin C. , Mullen Jeffrey A. , Nguyen Vivian My , Sanders Brooke E. , Vu Priscilla Quynh-Phuon 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesMedical students' time is limited, so efficiency in medical education is valued. This research project aimed to determine the most effective means to teach bedside ultrasound to medical students in a 1‐week training course. We hypothesized that the best method would include a combination of podcasts and hands‐on teaching; therefore, there would be a statistically significant difference among the various methods of teaching.MethodsMedical students were randomly assigned to 3 groups. All groups attended a 50‐minute hands‐on bedside ultrasound training session. Students in the first group attended a 50‐minute live lecture before the hands‐on session, whereas students in the second group watched a podcast that covered the same material as the live lecture. Students in the third group served as the control and only attended the hands‐on sessions. Five topics were covered during the course: (1) introduction to ultrasound, (2) pulmonary ultrasound, (3) cardiac ultrasound, (4) hepatobiliary ultrasound, and (5) focused assessment with sonography for trauma. Students completed a 20‐question pre‐ and post‐training quiz that covered basic ultrasound principles. Students also conducted a focused assessment with sonography for trauma examination for the practical portion of their evaluation.ResultsStudents' pre‐ to post‐training quiz scores increased from 33.6% to 72.6% correct in the lecture group (n = 21; P < .0001), from 40.7% to 75.5% correct in the podcast group (n = 20; P< .0001), and from 37.8% to 70.0% correct in the control group (n = 23; P< .0001). Data analysis of written and practical examination scores showed no significant differences among the groups [F(2,61) = 0.885; P = .418; F(2,60) = 1.739; P = .184, respectively].ConclusionsThese results suggest that all 3 methods are equally effective in teaching novice medical students basic ultrasound knowledge and skills.
Bleeding Rate for Ultrasound‐Guided Paracentesis in Thrombocytopenic Patients
Authors: Kurup A. Nicholas , Lekah Alexander , Reardon Scott T. , Schmit Grant D. , McDonald Jennifer S. , Carter Rickey E. , Kamath Patrick S. , Callstrom Matthew R. , Atwell Thomas D. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the rate of major bleeding complications for ultrasound‐guided paracentesis performed in thrombocytopenic patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of patients with platelet counts of less than 50,000/μL who had ultrasound‐guided paracenteses performed in the Department of Radiology without correcting preprocedural platelet transfusions between 2005 and 2011. Medical records were evaluated for evidence of major bleeding complications (grade 3 or higher as defined by the National Institutes of Health's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.03) and their clinical sequelae. Platelet count and bleeding complications were evaluated for an association, and a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine whether analysis of a control group of patients without thrombocytopenia would yield added confidence in this assessment.ResultsAmong 304 procedures in 205 thrombocytopenic patients (69% male; mean age ± SD, 56.6 ± 11.9 years), the mean platelet count was 38,400 ± 9300/μL (range, 9000–49,000/μL). Three major bleeding complications requiring red blood cell transfusion were observed in patients with platelet counts of 41,000 to 46,000/μL, for a complication rate of 0.99% (95% confidence interval, 0.3%–2.9%). No patient required an additional procedure or died because of the bleeding complication. There was no association of platelet count with bleeding complications. The sensitivity analysis showed that further evaluation of patients with normal platelet counts would not add to the conclusion.ConclusionsThe risk of major bleeding after ultrasound‐guided paracentesis in thrombocytopenic patients is very low. In most patients, routine assessment of the preprocedural serum platelet concentration is not necessary, and correction of such an abnormal laboratory value is not indicated.
Sonographic Parameters for Prediction of Miscarriage
Authors: Wie Jeong Ha , Choe Suyearn , Kim Sa Jin , Shin Jong Chul , Kwon Ji Young , Park In Yang 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the value of volume measurement using 3‐dimensional sonography for prediction of miscarriage.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 188 singleton pregnant women at 5 to 9 weeks' gestation. The 3‐dimensional sonographic gestational sac volume and yolk sac volume were measured together with the fetal heart rate, gestational sac diameter, and yolk sac diameter. For each sonographic parameter, nomograms were created; z scores were calculated for each measurement, and the values were compared between miscarriage and ongoing pregnancy groups. Sonographic parameters for prediction of miscarriage were evaluated by multivariate analysis, and the screening performance was assessed by a receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsAmong the 188 pregnancies, 30 (16.0%) had miscarriage. Multivariate analysis showed that fetal heart rate below the 5th percentile (odds ratio, 6.43), gestational sac diameter below the 5th percentile (odds ratio, 4.87), gestational sac volume below the 5th percentile (odds ratio, 5.25), and yolk sac diameter below the 2.5th or above the 97.5th percentile (odds ratio, 15.86) were significant predictors of miscarriage (P= .018;P= .018;P= .033; andP< .001, respectively). At a false‐positive rate of 30%, the detection rate for miscarriage in screening by a combination of fetal heart rate, gestational sac diameter, gestational sac volume, and yolk sac diameter was 77.8%.ConclusionsA small‐for‐gestational‐age gestational sac volume is a significant sonographic predictor of miscarriage, as are fetal bradycardia, a small gestational sac diameter, and a small or large yolk sac diameter.
Prepubertal Testicular Teratomas and Epidermoid Cysts
Authors: Chang Min-Yung , Shin Hyun Joo , Kim Hyun Gi , Kim Myung-Joon , Lee Mi-Jung 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate clinical and sonographic features of testicular teratomas and epidermoid cysts in children and to assess differential points of immature teratomas from benign counterparts.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed testicular teratomas and epidermoid cysts in children. Age at surgery, α‐fetoprotein (AFP) level, and sonographic findings, including components (mainly cystic, mainly solid, or mixed), presence of calcification, and size, were reviewed.ResultsNineteen cases were included, with 10 mature teratomas, 3 immature teratomas, and 6 epidermoid cysts. On sonography, most of the teratomas (n = 9) had mixed components, with 2 mainly cystic and 2 mainly solid lesions. The 2 mainly cystic teratomas underwent follow‐up sonography and showed component changes to mainly solid. Compared to epidermoid cysts, teratomas were larger (P = .029) with less cystic components (P = .046). All 3 immature teratomas showed mixed components with calcification. In differentiating immature from benign teratomas, immature teratomas were larger (P= .047) in younger children (P= .008) with higher AFP levels (P= .023). The optimal cutoff values for diagnosing immature teratomas were 8 months of age, 23 ng/mL in AFP level, and 2.5 cm in size, with 100% sensitivity and 89.5% accuracy rates. However, sonographic features, including tumor components and presence of calcification, were not helpful for differentiating immature teratomas.ConclusionsTesticular masses in children younger than 8 months with AFP levels higher than 23 ng/mL and size larger than 2.5 cm need to be considered for orchiectomy rather than testis‐sparing tumorectomy because of the increased frequency of immature teratomas versus mature teratomas or epidermoid cysts.