bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo proton MR spectroscopy of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 conditional knockout mouse model
Authors: Cui Min‐Hui , Branch Craig A. , Cahill Sean M. , Quinn Thomas J. , Adem Asha , Libutti Steven K. , Yuan Ziqiang 
Published: November 2014

PurposeMR spectroscopy (MRS) can improve diagnosis and follow treatment in cancer. However, no study has yet reported application of in vivo 1H‐MRS in malignant pancreatic lesions. This study quantitatively determined whether in vivo 1H‐MRS on multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (Men1) conditional knockout (KO) mice and their wild type (WT) littermates could detect differences in total choline (tCho) levels between tumor and control pancreas.MethodsRelative tCho levels in pancreatic tumors or pancreata from KO and WT mice were determined using in vivo 1H‐MRS at 9.4 T. The levels of Cho‐containing compounds were also quantified using in vitro 1H‐NMR on extracts of pancreatic tissues from KO and WT mice, respectively, and on extracts of pancreatic tissues from patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs).ResultstCho levels measured by in vivo 1H‐MRS were significantly higher in PNETs from KO mice compared to the normal pancreas from WT mice. The elevated choline‐containing compounds were also identified in pancreatic tumors from KO mice and tissues from patients with PNETs via in vitro 1H‐NMR.ConclusionThese results indicate the potential use of tCho levels estimated via in vivo 1H‐MRS in differentiating malignant pancreatic tumors from benign tumors. Magn Reson Med 74:1221–1226, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new look at the doubling algorithm for a structured palindromic quadratic eigenvalue problem
Authors: Lu Linzhang , Yuan Fei , Li Ren‐Cang 
Published: November 2014

SummaryRecently, Guo and Lin [SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 31 (2010), 2784–2801] proposed an efficient numerical method to solve the palindromic quadratic eigenvalue problem (PQEP) (λ2AT+λQ + A)z = 0 arising from the vibration analysis of high speed trains, where have special structures: both Q and A are, among others, m × m block matrices with each block being k × k (thus, n = mk), and moreover, Q is block tridiagonal, and A has only one nonzero block in the (1,m)th block position. The key intermediate step of the method is the computation of the so‐called stabilizing solution to the n × n nonlinear matrix equation X + ATX−1A = Q via the doubling algorithm. The aim of this article is to propose an improvement to this key step through solving a new nonlinear matrix equation having the same form but of only k × k in size. This new and much smaller matrix equation can also be solved by the doubling algorithm. For the same accuracy, it takes the same number of doubling iterations to solve both the larger and the new smaller matrix equations, but each doubling iterative step on the larger equation takes about 4.8 as many flops than the step on the smaller equation. Replacing Guo's and Lin's key intermediate step by our modified one leads to an alternative method for the PQEP. This alternative method is faster, but the improvement in speed is not as dramatic as just for solving the respective nonlinear matrix equations and levels off as m increases. Numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the new method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic Ferrocenyl Compounds Containing Polycyano Anions. Synthesis, Structures, and Effects on Thermal Decomposition of Core Components of Solid Propellants
Authors: Gao Xiaoni , Li Jizhen , Luo Yang , Li Chunxiao , Bi Fuqiang , Zhang Weiqiang , Zhang Guofang , Gao Ziwei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFor lowering high migration tendency of alkyl‐substituted ferrocenes as burning‐rate catalysts in composite solid propellants, eight new ionic ferrocenyl compounds, [FcCH2N(CH3)2(CnH2n+1]+X– (Fc = ferrocenyl; X– = 1,1,3,3‐tetracyanopropenide; n = 3–10; consequently numbered as 1–8), were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT‐IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy as well as elementary analysis. In addition, the structures of 1, 3, and 5 were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and their cations were studied by density functional theory calculations (DFT). 1, 3, and 5 crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$. 1–6 show highly thermal stability (>166 °C), whereas compounds 7 and 8 exhibit volatility to a certain degree. Cyclic voltammetry studies suggested that each salt exhibits a quasi‐reversible redox wave of the ferrocenyl group. The effects of the new compounds on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP), 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (RDX), and 1,2,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) were investigated by DSC technique. The results show that all the new compounds can catalyze thermal degradation of AP and RDX effectively and are higher in catalytic activity than the corresponding nitrates and picrates, verifying the prospect that relatively high nitrogen content in an ionic ferrocenyl compound is able to enhance its combustion catalytic efficiency.
Workplace-related rehabilitation after foot fractures
Authors: Froese Eckehard 
Published: November 2014

Background: For injured workers facing increased physical requirements the VBG, a German Social Accident Insurance Institution, provides 2 types of outpatient medical treatment for the last phase of rehabilitation. One option is a functionally orientated extended physiotherapy including the opportunity for work-ability testing at the workplace with a gradual increase of workload and working time. Second option is a newly-developed multidisciplinary workplace-related rehabilitation integrating the specific work-relevant functional flows in therapy under the direction of a qualified physician and therapists in rehab facilities.Objective: To evaluate the effects of workplace-related rehabilitation after foot fractures in outpatient rehab facilities. Methods: Data of all completed cases with severe fractures of the calcaneus or the ankle joint, undergoing workplace-related therapy in 2013 (n = 27), were compared to consecutive data of 27 completed cases undergoing extended physiotherapy.Findings: Mean age in both groups was 48 years. In the extended physiotherapy group 14 patients additionally received a work-ability testing directly at the workplace. Mean duration from accident to capacity for work was 169.81 days (SD 60.4) for extended physiotherapy and 176.81 days (SD 49.3) for workplace-related rehabilitation. 23 patients with extended physiotherapy and 26 patients with workplace-related rehabilitation maintained work ability 3 months after achieving full capacity for work. Subsequent rehab measures after regaining capacity for work were needed in 6 cases in the extended physiotherapy group and in one case in the workplace-related rehabilitation group.Discussion: Though no statistically verifiable difference in duration of incapacity for work between both groups was found, the results provide apparently evidence that multidisciplinary workplace-related rehabilitation is more sustainable. It is suggested, that a systematic approach and individually tailored multidisciplinary training of the specific work-relevant movement patterns under constant medical and therapeutic direction lead to more stable rehabilitation results.Conclusion: Further research is needed to consolidate our empirical findings.
SOIL PROPERTIES AND AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF WATERMELON GROWN IN DIFFERENT TILLAGE AND COVER CROPS IN THE SOUTH EASTERN OF BRAZIL
Authors: BRANCO ROBERTO BOTELHO FERRAZ , NOWAKI RODRIGO HIYOSHI DALMAZZO , SALLES FERNANDO ANDRÉ , BOLONHEZI DENIZART , GUALBERTO RONAN 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYMuch of the watermelon (Citullus lanatus) cultivation in Brazil is conducted in sandy soil and topographic conditions that favour the erosion process. Therefore, conservation tillage methods are critical for the sustainability of the production chain of this vegetable crop. We studied different tillage methods and cover crops in watermelon cultivation in the area of the reform of degraded pasture. For this purpose, two tillage methods were established as experimental treatments: minimum tillage preparation with subsoiling only, and no tillage. As cover crops white lupine (Lupinus albus) and bristle oat (Avena strigosa) were seeded. As control, watermelon was cultivated with conventional tillage, without prior cultivation of cover crops. For the experimental design, randomised blocks in a factorial arrangement with four replications were used. After liming and phosphate fertilisation of the soil, cover crops were cultivated in soil with minimum tillage and no tillage to produce straw to be used for soil cover, where subsequently the watermelon was grown. The productivity of dry mass and nutrient accumulation in the shoot of cover crops, the soil properties and the watermelon agronomic performance were evaluated. White lupine had better performance in the production of dry mass and nutrient accumulation in shoot than bristle oat. There were differences among treatments for soil penetration resistance, where in conventional tillage the values were lower in the first 30 cm of depth in relation to no-tillage cultivation. The tillage method also affected the fertility of the soil at a depth of 0 to 20 cm. The no tillage provided increased nitrogen leaf content in watermelon regardless of cover crops but restricted root growth in relation to minimum tillage and conventional tillage. Watermelon had similar commercial production by different treatments, with reduction only in no tillage on bristle oat straw.
A roadmap to pervasive systems verification
Authors: Konur Savas , Fisher Michael 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe complexity ofpervasive systemsarises from the many different aspects that such systems possess. A typical pervasive system may be autonomous, distributed, concurrent and context based, and may involve humans and robotic devices working together. If we wish to formally verify the behaviour of such systems, the formal methods for pervasive systems will surely also be complex. In this paper, we move towards being able to formally verify pervasive systems and outline our approach wherein we distinguish four distinct dimensions within pervasive system behaviour and utilize different, but appropriate, formal techniques for verifying each one.
Features of the glacial history of the Transantarctic Mountains inferred from cosmogenic 26Al, 10Be and 21Ne concentrations in bedrock surfaces
Authors: Balco Greg , Stone John O.H. , Sliwinski Maciej G. , Todd Claire 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper describes measurements of concentrations of cosmogenic 26Al, 10Be and 21Ne in quartz from bedrock surfaces in the Transantarctic Mountains where stratigraphic and geomorphic evidence shows that the surfaces were covered by ice in the past, but were not glacially eroded during periods of ice cover. It then explores to what extent this information can be used to learn about past ice sheet change. First, cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in sandstone bedrock surfaces at two sites in the McMurdo Dry Valleys near 77°S are consistent with an equilibrium between nuclide production and loss by surface erosion and radioactive decay. They are most easily explained by a scenario in which: i) sites more than c. 100 m above the present ice surface were almost never ice-covered and eroded steadily at 0.5–1.5 m Ma-1, and ii) sites near the present ice margin experienced similar erosion rates when ice-free, but have been covered by cold-based, non-erosive glacier ice as much as half of the time during the past several million years. Nuclide concentrations in granite bedrock at a site in the Quartz Hills near 85°S, on the other hand, have not reached production-erosion equilibrium, thus retaining evidence of the time they were first exposed to the cosmic ray flux. Nuclide concentrations at these sites are most easily explained by 4–6 Ma exposure, extremely low erosion rates of 5–10 cm Ma-1 during periods of exposure, and only very short periods of cold-based, non-erosive ice cover.
Surface melt and ponding on Larsen C Ice Shelf and the impact of föhn winds
Authors: Luckman Adrian , Elvidge Andrew , Jansen Daniela , Kulessa Bernd , Kuipers Munneke Peter , King John , Barrand Nicholas E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA common precursor to ice shelf disintegration, most notably that of Larsen B Ice Shelf, is unusually intense or prolonged surface melt and the presence of surface standing water. However, there has been little research into detailed patterns of melt on ice shelves or the nature of summer melt ponds. We investigated surface melt on Larsen C Ice Shelf at high resolution using Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) data and explored melt ponds in a range of satellite images. The improved spatial resolution of SAR over alternative approaches revealed anomalously long melt duration in western inlets. Meteorological modelling explained this pattern by föhn winds which were common in this region. Melt ponds are difficult to detect using optical imagery because cloud-free conditions are rare in this region and ponds quickly freeze over, but can be monitored using SAR in all weather conditions. Melt ponds up to tens of kilometres in length were common in Cabinet Inlet, where melt duration was most prolonged. The pattern of melt explains the previously observed distribution of ice shelf densification, which in parts had reached levels that preceded the collapse of Larsen B Ice Shelf, suggesting a potential role for föhn winds in promoting unstable conditions on ice shelves.
Genetic and epidemiological insights into the emergence of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) across Asia and Africa
Authors: Padhi Abinash , Ma Li 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSmall ruminants are important components in the livelihood of millions of households in many parts of the world. The spread of the highly contagious peste des petits ruminants (PPR) disease, which is caused by an RNA virus, PPRV, across Asia and Africa remains a major concern. The present study explored the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of PPRV through the analyses of partial N-gene and F-gene sequences of the virus. All the four previously described PPRV lineages (I-IV) diverged from their common ancestor during the late-19thto early-20thcentury. Among the four lineages, PPRV-IV showed pronounced genetic structuring across the region; however, haplotype sharing among the geographic regions, together with the presence of multiple genetic clusters within a country, indicates the possibility of frequent mobility of the diseased individuals across the region. The gradual decline in the effective number of infections suggests a limited genetic variation, which could be attributed to the effective vaccination that has been practiced since 1990s. However, the movement of infected animals across the region likely contributes to the spread of PPRV-IV. No evidence of positive selection was identified from this study.
Rclick: a web server for comparison of RNA 3D structures
Authors: Nguyen Minh N. , Verma Chandra 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Summary: RNA molecules play important roles in key biological processes in the cell and are becoming attractive for developing therapeutic applications. Since the function of RNA depends on its structure and dynamics, comparing and classifying the RNA 3D structures is of crucial importance to molecular biology. In this study, we have developed Rclick, a web server that is capable of superimposing RNA 3D structures by using clique matching and 3D least-squares fitting. Our server Rclick has been benchmarked and compared with other popular servers and methods for RNA structural alignments. In most cases, Rclick alignments were better in terms of structure overlap. Our server also recognizes conformational changes between structures. For this purpose, the server produces complementary alignments to maximize the extent of detectable similarity. Various examples showcase the utility of our web server for comparison of RNA, RNA–protein complexes and RNA-ligand structures.
Availability and implementation: The Rclick web server is freely accessible at http://mspc.bii.a-star.edu.sg/minhn/rclick.html
Contact: minhn@bii.a-star.edu.sg
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Black hole jets without large-scale net magnetic flux
Authors: Parfrey Kyle , Giannios Dimitrios , Beloborodov Andrei M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We propose a scenario for launching relativistic jets from rotating black holes, in which small-scale magnetic flux loops, sustained by disc turbulence, are forced to inflate and open by differential rotation between the black hole and the accretion flow. This mechanism does not require a large-scale net magnetic flux in the accreting plasma. Estimates suggest that the process could operate effectively in many systems, and particularly naturally and efficiently when the accretion flow is retrograde. We present the results of general-relativistic force-free electrodynamic simulations demonstrating the time evolution of the black hole's magnetosphere, the cyclic formation of jets, and the effect of magnetic reconnection. The jets are highly variable on time-scales ∼10–103rg/c, where rg is the black hole's gravitational radius. The reconnecting current sheets observed in the simulations may be responsible for the hard X-ray emission from accreting black holes.
Explaining the observed relation between stellar activity and rotation
Authors: Blackman Eric G. , Thomas John H. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Observations of late-type main-sequence stars have revealed empirical scalings of coronal activity versus rotation period or Rossby number Ro (a ratio of rotation period to convective turnover time) which has hitherto lacked explanation. For Ro ≫ 1, the activity observed as X-ray to bolometric flux varies as Ro−q with 2 ≤ q ≤ 3, whilst |q| &lt; 0.13 for Ro ≪ 1. Here, we explain the transition between these two regimes and the power law in the Ro ≫ 1 regime by constructing an expression for the coronal luminosity based on dynamo magnetic field generation and magnetic buoyancy. We explain the Ro ≪ 1 behaviour from the inference that observed rotation is correlated with internal differential rotation and argue that once the shear time-scale is shorter than the convective turnover time, eddies will be shredded on the shear time-scale and so the eddy correlation time actually becomes the shear time and the convection time drops out of the equations. We explain the Ro ≫ 1 behaviour using a dynamo saturation theory based on magnetic helicity buildup and buoyant loss.
Variable optical polarization during high state in γ-ray loud, narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H 0323+342
Authors: Itoh Ryosuke , Tanaka Yasuyuki T. , Akitaya Hiroshi , Uemura Makoto , Fukazawa Yasushi , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Doi Akihiro , Arai Akira , Hanayama Hidekazu , Hashimoto Osamu , Hayashi Masahiko , Izumiura Hideyuki , Kanda Yuka , Kawabata Koji S. , Kawaguchi Kenji , Kawai Nobuyuki , Kinugasa Kenzo , Kuroda Daisuke , Miyaji Takeshi , Moritani Yuki , Morokuma Tomoki , Murata Katsuhiro L. , Nagayama Takahiro , Oasa Yumiko , Ohshima Tomohito , Ohsugi Takashi , Saito Yoshihiko , Sakata Shuuichiro , Sasada Mahito , Sekiguchi Kazuhiro , Takagi Yuhei , Takahashi Jun , Takaki Katsutoshi , Ui Takahiro , Watanabe Makoto , Yamanaka Masayuki , Yamashita Satoshi , Yoshida Michitoshi 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We present results of optical polarimetric and multi-band photometric observations for γ-ray loud, narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H 0323+342. This object has been monitored by the 1.5-m Kanata telescope since 2012 September, but following a γ-ray flux enhancement detected by Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) on MJD 56483 (2013 July 10), dense follow-up was performed by 10 0.5–2.0-m telescopes in Japan over one week. The 2-yr RC-band light curve showed clear brightening corresponding to the γ-ray flux increase, and then decayed gradually. The high state as a whole lasted for ∼ 20 d, during which we clearly detected optical polarization from this object. The polarization degree (PD) of the source increased from 0%–1% in quiescence to ∼ 3% at maximum and then declined to the quiescent level, with the duration of the enhancement being less than 10 d. The moderate PD around the peak allowed us to precisely measure the daily polarization angle (PA). As a result, we found that the daily PAs were almost constant and aligned to the jet axis, suggesting that the magnetic field direction at the emission region is transverse to the jet. This implies either a presence of helical/toroidal magnetic field or transverse magnetic field compressed by shock(s). We also found small-amplitude intra-night variability during the 2-hr continuous exposure on a single night. We discuss these findings based on the turbulent multi-zone model recently advocated by Marscher (2014, ApJ, 780, 87). Optical to ultraviolet (UV) spectrum showed a rising shape in the higher frequency and the UV magnitude measured by Swift/UVOT (UV and Optical Telescope) was steady even during the flaring state, suggesting that thermal emission from accretion disk is dominant in that band.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic study of human Hikeshi, a new nuclear transport receptor for Hsp70
Authors: Song Jinsue , Lee Soo Jae 
Published: November 2014

Hikeshi is a new nuclear transport receptor that plays an important role in the nuclear import of Hsp70 heat-shock proteins under thermal stress. Wild-type human Hikeshi and its Phe97Ala mutant were overproduced and purified using anEscherichia coliexpression system. The purified proteins were crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique. Wild-type crystals grew in space groupC2221, with unit-cell parametersa= 61.1,b= 137.8,c= 97.9 Å, α = 90.0, β = 90.0, γ = 90.0°. Phe97Ala mutant crystals were obtained in space groupP32, with unit-cell parametersa= 85.7,b= 85.7,c= 69.1 Å, α = 90.0, β = 90.0, γ = 120.0°. These crystals diffracted to 1.8 and 2.5 Å resolution, respectively. This study is the first to yield structural insight into this highly unusual fourth import receptor after importins, NTF2 and TAP.
Inspection of PCB line defects based on directionality measurements
Authors: Huang Jie‐xian , Yang Dong‐tao , Gong Cang‐lai 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new inspecting algorithm for defect detection on PCB circuits.Design/methodology/approachPCB circuit images were processed by a radon transformation. A Radon histogram was formed and utilized to establish a texture directional characteristic similarity function. Then, a region of the image which contained the same texture directionality feature was segmented. Furthermore, a directionality estimation method is presented. As the circuit was damaged, the directionality was weakened correspondingly. According to principle, the concept of directional intensity was proposed and then used to measure directionality through analysis of the Radon histogram fluctuation. Finally, the defect was detected based on directional intensity.FindingsThe method has been applied to an inspecting system used in practice and it achieved a higher accuracy and efficiency in comparison with similar methods.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough work on highly intensive PCB circuitry inspection and flaw detection is presented, defect classification was not involved although this is also a very important requirement of inspection.Originality/valueThe paper provides a new way to detect PCB circuitry defects based on texture directionality and proposes evaluating the similarity between image texture directionalities using a radon transformation to search the inspected area. As the inspected region was located, the concept of directional intensity was defined to measure texture directionality to identify defects. The new algorithm performs stably and efficiently and is fit for practical application.