bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the structure and temporal dynamics of information propagation
Authors: RODRIGUEZ MANUEL GOMEZ , LESKOVEC JURE , BALDUZZI DAVID , SCHÖLKOPF BERNHARD 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTime plays an essential role in the diffusion of information, influence, and disease over networks. In many cases we can only observe when a node is activated by a contagion—when a node learns about a piece of information, makes a decision, adopts a new behavior, or becomes infected with a disease. However, the underlying network connectivity and transmission rates between nodes are unknown. Inferring the underlying diffusion dynamics is important because it leads to new insights and enables forecasting, as well as influencing or containing information propagation. In this paper we model diffusion as a continuous temporal process occurring at different rates over a latent, unobserved network that may change over time. Given information diffusion data, we infer the edges and dynamics of the underlying network. Our model naturally imposes sparse solutions and requires no parameter tuning. We develop an efficient inference algorithm that uses stochastic convex optimization to compute online estimates of the edges and transmission rates. We evaluate our method by tracking information diffusion among 3.3 million mainstream media sites and blogs, and experiment with more than 179 million different instances of information spreading over the network in a one-year period. We apply our network inference algorithm to the top 5,000 media sites and blogs and report several interesting observations. First, information pathways for general recurrent topics are more stable across time than for on-going news events. Second, clusters of news media sites and blogs often emerge and vanish in a matter of days for on-going news events. Finally, major events, for example, large scale civil unrest as in the Libyan civil war or Syrian uprising, increase the number of information pathways among blogs, and also increase the network centrality of blogs and social media sites.
Kalaalimernit: the Greenlandic taste for local foods in a globalised world
Authors: Sowa Frank 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIn recent years, a decline in the consumption of local foods (kalaalimernit) can be observed in Greenland. However, its appreciation and symbolisation is increasing andkalaalimernitare a powerful contemporary symbol for being Greenlandic. The present article argues thatkalaalimernit, as a specifically Greenlandic taste, are suited to marking and maintaining a cultural boundary in relation to the Danish people living in the country, a boundary constructed through identity politics. As the empirical findings from fieldwork conducted in the Greenlandic capital Nuuk and the small coastal settlement Oqaatsut demonstrate, this construction is subject to social change. Greenlanders advocate two different narrative patterns regarding howkalaalimernitare to be understood that stem from contemporary definitional struggles over what kind of cultural boundary is deemed important to demarcate. The struggle illustrates two different perceptions of Greenland as either an indigenous people and/or a small Nordic nation.
Using hydrothermal time concepts to model seed germination response to temperature, dormancy loss, and priming effects in Elymus elymoides
Authors: Meyer Susan E. , Debaene-Gill Susan B. , Allen Phil S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHydrothermal time (HTT) describes progress toward seed germination under various combinations of incubation water potential ( ) and temperature (T). To examine changes in HTT parameters during dormancy loss, seeds from two populations of the bunchgrass Elymus elymoides were incubated under seven temperature regimes following dry storage at 10, 20 and 30°C for intervals from 0 to 16 weeks. Fully after-ripened seeds were primed for 1 week at a range of s. Data on germination rate during priming were used to obtain a HTT equation for each seed population, while data obtained following transfer to water were used to calculate HTT accumulation during priming. HTT equations accurately predicted germination time course curves if mean base water potential, b(50), was allowed to vary with temperature. b(50) values increased linearly with temperature, explaining why germination rate does not increase with temperature in this species. b(50) showed a linear decrease as a function of thermal time in storage. Slopes for the T × b(50) relationship did not change during after-ripening. This thermal after-ripening time model was characterized by a single base temperature and a constant slope across temperatures for each collection. Because the difference between initial and final b(50)s was uniform across tempera-tures, the thermal after-ripening requirement was also a constant. When seeds were primed for 1 week at −4 to −20 MPa, accumulation of HTT was a uniform 20% of the total HTT requirement. When primed at 0 to −4 MPa, HTT accumulation decreased linearly with decreasing priming potential, and a hydrothermal priming time model using a constant minimum priming potential adequately described priming effects. Use of these simple HTT relationships will facilitate modelling of germination phenology in the field.
Spatial fragmentation and bottom-up appropriations: the case of Safavid Isfahan
Authors: FALAHAT SOMAIYEH , SHIRAZI M. REZA 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIt is widely claimed that there was a clear spatial continuity in the evolution of the traditional Middle Eastern city, with every new development the result of an intelligent, albeit unplanned, evolution of pre-existing doctrines of construction. However, as far as the new Safavid urban development of seventeenth-century Isfahan (in Iran) is concerned, it is possible to distinguish a spatial fragmentation, in terms of urban pattern and urban structure, between the old texture and new extensions.
Language use affects food behaviours and food values among Mexican-origin adults in the USA
Authors: Langellier Brent A , Brookmeyer Ron , Wang May C , Glik Deborah 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have established that acculturation is associated with dietary intake among Mexican immigrants and their offspring, but few studies have investigated whether food purchasing, food preparation or food-related values act as mechanisms of dietary acculturation. We examine the relationship between language use and a wide range of food behaviours and food-related values among Mexican-American adults.DesignNationally representative probability sample of the US population.Setting2005–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.SubjectsMexican-American adults (n 2792) at least 20 years of age.ResultsMexican Americans who speak only or mostly English consume more energy from fast-food and sit-down restaurants and report increased consumption of non-homemade meals, fast-food and pizza meals, frozen meals and ready-to-eat meals relative to Spanish speakers. English speakers prepare one fewer homemade dinner per week and spend less time on meal preparation. English speakers are more likely than Spanish speakers to cite convenience as an important reason why they prefer fast food over cooking at home. There is no relationship between language use and the perceived importance of the nutritional quality, price or taste of fast food.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence that the well-documented relationship between acculturation and diet among Mexican Americans may be just one indicator of a broader pattern characterized by decreased home meal preparation and increased reliance on convenience foods.
Microbiome of prebiotic-treated mice reveals novel targets involved in host response during obesity
Authors: Everard Amandine , Lazarevic Vladimir , Gaïa Nadia , Johansson Maria , Ståhlman Marcus , Backhed Fredrik , Delzenne Nathalie M , Schrenzel Jacques , François Patrice , Cani Patrice D 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The gut microbiota is involved in metabolic and immune disorders associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. We previously demonstrated that prebiotic treatment may significantly improve host health by modulating bacterial species related to the improvement of gut endocrine, barrier and immune functions. An analysis of the gut metagenome is needed to determine which bacterial functions and taxa are responsible for beneficial microbiota–host interactions upon nutritional intervention. We subjected mice to prebiotic (Pre) treatment under physiological (control diet: CT) and pathological conditions (high-fat diet: HFD) for 8 weeks and investigated the production of intestinal antimicrobial peptides and the gut microbiome. HFD feeding significantly decreased the expression of regenerating islet-derived 3-gamma (Reg3g) and phospholipase A2 group-II (PLA2g2) in the jejunum. Prebiotic treatment increased Reg3g expression (by ∼50-fold) and improved intestinal homeostasis as suggested by the increase in the expression of intectin, a key protein involved in intestinal epithelial cell turnover. Deep metagenomic sequencing analysis revealed that HFD and prebiotic treatment significantly affected the gut microbiome at different taxonomic levels. Functional analyses based on the occurrence of clusters of orthologous groups (COGs) of proteins also revealed distinct profiles for the HFD, Pre, HFD-Pre and CT groups. Finally, the gut microbiota modulations induced by prebiotics counteracted HFD-induced inflammation and related metabolic disorders. Thus, we identified novel putative taxa and metabolic functions that may contribute to the development of or protection against the metabolic alterations observed during HFD feeding and HFD-Pre feeding.
Microbial mediation of biogeochemical cycles revealed by simulation of global changes with soil transplant and cropping
Authors: Zhao Mengxin , Xue Kai , Wang Feng , Liu Shanshan , Bai Shijie , Sun Bo , Zhou Jizhong , Yang Yunfeng 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Despite microbes’ key roles in driving biogeochemical cycles, the mechanism of microbe-mediated feedbacks to global changes remains elusive. Recently, soil transplant has been successfully established as a proxy to simulate climate changes, as the current trend of global warming coherently causes range shifts toward higher latitudes. Four years after southward soil transplant over large transects in China, we found that microbial functional diversity was increased, in addition to concurrent changes in microbial biomass, soil nutrient content and functional processes involved in the nitrogen cycle. However, soil transplant effects could be overridden by maize cropping, which was attributed to a negative interaction. Strikingly, abundances of nitrogen and carbon cycle genes were increased by these field experiments simulating global change, coinciding with higher soil nitrification potential and carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux. Further investigation revealed strong correlations between carbon cycle genes and CO2 efflux in bare soil but not cropped soil, and between nitrogen cycle genes and nitrification. These findings suggest that changes of soil carbon and nitrogen cycles by soil transplant and cropping were predictable by measuring microbial functional potentials, contributing to a better mechanistic understanding of these soil functional processes and suggesting a potential to incorporate microbial communities in greenhouse gas emission modeling.
A DERL3-associated defect in the degradation of SLC2A1 mediates the Warburg effect
Authors: Lopez-Serra Paula , Marcilla Miguel , Villanueva Alberto , Ramos-Fernandez Antonio , Palau Anna , Leal Lucía , Wahi Jessica E. , Setien-Baranda Fernando , Szczesna Karolina , Moutinho Catia , Martinez-Cardus Anna , Heyn Holger , Sandoval Juan , Puertas Sara , Vidal August , Sanjuan Xavier , Martinez-Balibrea Eva , Viñals Francesc , Perales Jose C. , Bramsem Jesper B. , Ørntoft Torben F. , Andersen Claus L. , Tabernero Josep , McDermott Ultan , Boxer Matthew B. , Heiden Matthew G. Vander , Albar Juan Pablo , Esteller Manel 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCancer cells possess aberrant proteomes that can arise by the disruption of genes involved in physiological protein degradation. Here we demonstrate the presence of promoter CpG island hypermethylation-linked inactivation of DERL3 (Derlin-3), a key gene in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway, in human tumours. The restoration of in vitro and in vivo DERL3 activity highlights the tumour suppressor features of the gene. Using the stable isotopic labelling of amino acids in cell culture workflow for differential proteome analysis, we identify SLC2A1 (glucose transporter 1, GLUT1) as a downstream target of DERL3. Most importantly, SLC2A1 overexpression mediated by DERL3 epigenetic loss contributes to the Warburg effect in the studied cells and pinpoints a subset of human tumours with greater vulnerability to drugs targeting glycolysis.
Soya bean Gα proteins with distinct biochemical properties exhibit differential ability to complement Saccharomyces cerevisiae gpa1 mutant
Authors: Roy Choudhury Swarup , Wang Yuqi , Pandey Sona 
Published: April 2014

Signalling pathways mediated by heterotrimeric G-proteins are common to all eukaryotes. Plants have a limited number of each of the G-protein subunits, with the most elaborate G-protein network discovered so far in soya bean (Glycine max, also known as soybean) which has four Gα, four Gβ and ten Gγ proteins. Biochemical characterization of Gα proteins from plants suggests significant variation in their properties compared with the well-characterized non-plant proteins. Furthermore, the four soya bean Gα (GmGα) proteins exhibit distinct biochemical activities among themselves, but the extent to which such biochemical differences contribute to their in vivo function is also not known. We used the yeast gpa1 mutant which displays constitutive signalling and growth arrest in the pheromone-response pathway as an in vivo model to evaluate the effect of distinct biochemical activities of GmGα proteins. We showed that specific GmGα proteins can be activated during pheromone-dependent receptor-mediated signalling in yeast and they display different strengths towards complementation of yeast gpa1 phenotypes. We also identified amino acids that are responsible for differential complementation abilities of specific Gα proteins. These data establish that specific plant Gα proteins are functional in the receptor-mediated pheromone-response pathway in yeast and that the subtle biochemical differences in their activity are physiologically relevant.
Variability in the Language Input to Children Enhances Learning in a Treatment Context
Authors: Plante Elena , Ogilvie Trianna , Vance Rebecca , Aguilar Jessica M. , Dailey Natalie S. , Meyers Christina , Lieser Anne Marie , Burton Rebecca 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
Artificial language learning studies have demonstrated that learners exposed to many different nonword combinations representing a grammatical form demonstrate rapid learning of that form without explicit instruction. However, learners presented with few exemplars, even when they are repeated frequently, fail to learn the underlying grammar. This study translated this experimental finding in a therapeutic context.

Method
Eighteen preschool children with language impairment received conversational recast treatment for morpheme errors. Over a 6-week period, half heard 12 unique verbs twice each during recasts (low-variability condition), and half heard 24 unique verbs (high-variability condition). Children's use of trained and untrained morphemes on generalization probes as well as spontaneous use of trained morphemes was tracked throughout treatment.

Results
The high-variability condition only produced significant change in children's use of trained morphemes, but not untrained morphemes. Data from individual children confirmed that more children in the high- than the low-variability condition showed a strong treatment effect. Children in the high-variability condition also produced significantly more unique utterances containing their trained morpheme than children in the low-variability condition.

Conclusion
The results support the use of highly variable input in a therapeutic context to facilitate grammatical morpheme learning.
Tiefbissbehandlung einer erwachsenen Klasse II/2-Malokklusion mittels segmentierter Bogentechnik/Hebelarmmechanik – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Conze S. 
Published: April 2014

ZusammenfassungHinsichtlich einiger Faktoren, wie z. B. dem Zahnsubstanzverlust, ausgedehnten Restaurationen und parodontalem Abbau, stellt die Behandlung eines erwachsenen Patienten den Behandler vor besondere Herausforderungen und bedarf einer genauen kieferorthopädischen Behandlungsplanung und -mechanik ohne unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen. Im folgenden Fallbericht wird die Korrektur einer Klasse-II/2-Behandlung im Erwachsenenalter mittels Hebelarmmechanik erläutert. Der Lückenschluss wird mittels segmentierter Bogentechnik, einer altbewährten kieferorthopädischen Behandlungsmethode, durchgeführt. Durch Implantation im Unterkiefermolarenbereich wird das Fehlen eines weiteren Zahnes ergänzt.
Observational constraints of stellar collapse: Diagnostic probes of nature's extreme matter experiment
Authors: Fryer Chris L. , Even Wesley , Grefenstette Brian W. , Wong Tsing-Wai 
Published: April 2014

Supernovae are Nature's high-energy, high density laboratory experiments, reaching densities in excess of nuclear densities and temperatures above 10 MeV. Astronomers have built up a suite of diagnostics to study these supernovae. If we can utilize these diagnostics, and tie them together with a theoretical understanding of supernova physics, we can use these cosmic explosions to study the nature of matter at these extreme densities and temperatures. Capitalizing on these diagnostics will require understanding a wide range of additional physics. Here we review the diagnostics and the physics neeeded to use them to learn about the supernova engine, and ultimate nuclear physics.
Dimerization of mammalian kinesin-3 motors results in superprocessive motion
Authors: Soppina Virupakshi , Norris Stephen R. , Dizaji Aslan S. , Kortus Matt , Veatch Sarah , Peckham Michelle , Verhey Kristen J. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
The kinesin-3 family is one of the largest among the kinesin superfamily and its members play important roles in a variety of cellular functions ranging from intracellular transport to mitosis. Defects in kinesin-3 transport have been implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative, developmental, and cancer diseases, yet the molecular mechanisms of kinesin-3 regulation and cargo transport are largely unknown. We show that kinesin-3 motors undergo cargo-mediated dimerization to transport cellular cargoes. We also show that dimerization results in kinesin-3 motors that are fast and superprocessive. Such high processivity has not been observed for any other motor protein and suggests that kinesin-3 motors are evolutionarily adapted to serve as the marathon runners of the cellular world.
Hydration kinetics and 10‐km outdoor running performance following 75% versus 150% between bout fluid replacement
Authors: Davis Brett Alan , Thigpen Lauren Kellet , Hornsby Jared Heath , Green James Matthew , Coates Thomas Elliot , O'Neal Eric Kyle 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCurrent American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines recommend replacing 150% of sweat losses between training bouts separated by ≤12 hours, but little evidence exists concerning the implications of this strategy for runners. Participants (n = 13) in this study replaced 75% (1637 ± 372 mL) or 150% (3099 ± 850 mL) of sweat losses following an outdoor evening run (∼75 minutes; Wet‐bulb‐globe temperature (WBGT) = ∼27°C) and consumed a standardised evening meal and breakfast before completing an outdoor (WBGT = ∼23°C) 10‐km time‐trial the following morning. Urine was collected between runs and urine specific gravity (USG) was assessed pre‐run. Significant differences were found in pre‐run body mass (75% = 69.6 ± 9.2; 150% = 70.1 ± 9.3 kg; P = 0.02) and USG (75% = 1.026 ± 0.005; 150% = 1.014 ± 0.007; P < 0.001). Heart rate during 10‐km run (168 ± 14 versus 168 ± 12 beats min−1) and post‐run intestinal temperature (39.08 ± 0.52 versus 39.00 ± 0.70 °C) did not differ for 75% and 150%, respectively, despite an ∼3% performance improvement (75% = 47.28 ± 6.64; 150% = 45.93 ± 6.04 minutes; P = 0.001) due to a faster pace in the second half of the run with 150% replacement. Session rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was lower (P = 0.02) during 150% (7.5 ± 1.3) versus 75% (8.4 ± 0.9). Reluctant drinkers potentially hinder training quality between evening and morning runs in the heat, but copious urine production and difficulty in consuming recommended fluid volumes suggest fluid replacement <150% may be more ideal.
Crop Insurance Savings Accounts: A Viable Alternative to Crop Insurance?
Authors: Colson Gregory , Ramirez Octavio A. , Fu Shengfei 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis research explores the viability of an alternative design for crop insurance based upon farmer‐owned savings accounts that are regulated, monitored, and marginally assisted by the government. Such accounts could be an effective risk management tool for many farmers and could operate without major government subsidization. Relative to the current program, the proposed design should exhibit minimal moral hazard and adverse selection problems, and since farm‐level risk does not have to be priced, the proposed design eliminates the premium rating difficulties that weaken actuarial soundness and trigger the need for substantial external subsidies. In addition, administrative costs should be considerably lower.
PRADA: pipeline for RNA sequencing data analysis
Authors: Torres-García Wandaliz , Zheng Siyuan , Sivachenko Andrey , Vegesna Rahulsimham , Wang Qianghu , Yao Rong , Berger Michael F. , Weinstein John N. , Getz Gad , Verhaak Roel G.W. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Summary:  Technological advances in high-throughput sequencing necessitate improved computational tools for processing and analyzing large-scale datasets in a systematic automated manner. For that purpose, we have developed PRADA (Pipeline for RNA-Sequencing Data Analysis), a flexible, modular and highly scalable software platform that provides many different types of information available by multifaceted analysis starting from raw paired-end RNA-seq data: gene expression levels, quality metrics, detection of unsupervised and supervised fusion transcripts, detection of intragenic fusion variants, homology scores and fusion frame classification. PRADA uses a dual-mapping strategy that increases sensitivity and refines the analytical endpoints. PRADA has been used extensively and successfully in the glioblastoma and renal clear cell projects of The Cancer Genome Atlas program.
Availability and implementation:   http://sourceforge.net/projects/prada/
Contact:   gadgetz@broadinstitute.org or rverhaak@mdanderson.org
Supplementary information:   Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An Enabling Act
Authors: Chalkias Spyridon , Doweiko John P. , Eliopoulos George M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can be associated with hematologic malignancy, inflammatory syndromes, or infectious complications. Herein, we bring attention to HTLV-1 infection complications as we discuss a case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with HTLV-1-associated T cell lymphoma.