bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise synthesis of ligand-protected metal nanoclusters for electrochemical/photoelectrochemical applications
Authors: Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Negishi Yuichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ligand-protected metal nanoclusters (NCs) represent a significant advancement in the field of catalysis due to their unique size-specific electronic and geometric structures. These properties are highly dependent on the metal species, number of constituent atoms, and geometric structure of the metal NC. We discuss on the synthesis, stability, structural characterization, and electrocatalytic/photocatalytic applications of these fascinating materials, emphasizing their superior performance over conventional catalysts. In this study, we have obtained a deeper understanding of the interaction between the metal core and the organic ligands protecting the metal NCs, as well as the desorption behavior of the ligands under calcination, which is crucial for the application of metal NCs as heterogeneous catalysts. Based on this understanding, we have demonstrated that metal NC–supported catalysts with appropriate pretreatment exhibit higher activity as photocatalysts compared to conventional catalysts. Moreover, by suppressing oxygen poisoning through the use of sulfur species in the ligands, Pt NCs showed high activity as cocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in water splitting. Additionally, atomically precised phosphine-protected Pt NCs exhibited high activity as cathode electrocatalysts for fuel cells. These findings are expected to significantly contribute to the development of more diverse catalysts based on metal NCs, including those with varying metal species, numbers of constituent atoms, and geometric structures.
Evolution of Intangible Property to Crypto Assets: Legal Pragmatism in Anglo-American Common Law and Chinese Civil Law
Authors: Hung Alvin Hoi-Chun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The emergence of crypto assets, a novel category of assets, has posed significant challenges to property law across various legal systems. The integration of these intangible assets into property law frameworks proves to be complicated for many civil law jurisdictions, which tend to adhere to dogmatic approaches. In contrast, Anglo-American common law and Chinese civil law systems, despite their divergent origins, have exhibited legally pragmatic responses to intangible property, including crypto assets. By examining the development of their property laws concerning property conceptualization and the treatment of emerging intangible assets, this article explores how the historical foundations of Anglo-American common law in feudal tradition and Chinese civil law in communist ideologies have fostered adaptable and flexible notions of property. This adaptability is argued to be a strength within both the Anglo-American common law and Chinese civil law systems, enabling them to accommodate innovative intangible assets more easily compared to their civilian counterparts.
The impact of management on the fecal microbiome of endangered greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in a zoo-based conservation program
Authors: Vaasjo Emma , Stothart Mason R , Black Sandra R , Poissant Jocelyn , Whiteside Douglas P 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are a critically endangered species in Canada with fewer than 140 individuals remaining on native habitats in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. In 2014, the Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo initiated North America’s only zoo-based conservation breeding program for this species to bolster declining wild populations through conservation reintroductions. Within the managed population of sage-grouse, morbidity and mortality have primarily been associated with intestinal bacterial infections. As a preliminary study to assess the gastrointestinal health of this species in managed care, the fecal bacterial microbiome of adult and juvenile captive sage-grouse was characterized with 16S rRNA sequencing. The composition of the microbiome at the phylum level in greater sage-grouse is consistent with previous studies of the avian microbiome, with Bacillota as the most abundant phyla, and Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota and Pseudomonadota also being highly abundant. Antibiotic use and sex did not have a significant impact on the diversity or composition of the microbiome, but the management of juvenile sage-grouse did influence the development of the microbiome. Juveniles that were raised outdoors under maternal care developed a microbiome much more similar to adults when compared to chicks that were incubated and hand-raised. The local environment and parental care appear to be important factors influencing the diversity and composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome in this species.
Type A aortic dissection during transoesophageal echocardiography: a case report
Authors: Lee Chung-Yen , Chiang Kuang-Chien , Lee Wen-Jeng , Chan Chih-Yang , Yang Li-Tan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The occurrence of type A aortic dissection (TAAD) during transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has only been reported once. We present another case of pre-procedural type B AD with retrograde TAAD or de novo TAAD during the TEE procedure.

Case summary
An 81-year-old man with a pre-existing infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm and highly tortuous aorta was referred to our ward for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with New York Heart Association functional class II. On hospital Day 2, the patient complained of intermittent dull pain over chest and back; ADHF or acute coronary syndrome was suspected. On Day 3, we transferred the patient to the intensive care unit due to ADHF with cardiogenic shock attributed to fluid overload, atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response, and severe mitral regurgitation with severely impaired left ventricular ejection fraction. Given the heightened surgical risk, TEE was performed to evaluate the eligibility of mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair. The first mid-oesophageal long-axis view showed no evidence of dissection. After 20 min, the same view showed the occurrence of TAAD. Urgent contrast CT confirmed a TAAD extending from the aortic root to the infrarenal abdominal aorta. Due to the prohibitive risk for surgical repair of TAAD, the patient received palliative care and unfortunately passed away on hospital Day 6.

Discussion
Albeit rare, TAAD could progress or de novo occur during TEE, especially in high-risk patients. Therefore, high alertness during TEE procedures is imperative. Moreover, in patients with AD and poor renal function, the risk of using TEE as an alternative diagnostic modality should be carefully considered.
Time to reap the fruits of EU-SILC’s new way of measuring unmet needs
Authors: Ingleby David , Guidi Caterina F 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A change in the methodology of the EU-SILC questionnaire on health needs, implemented from 2015 onwards, made it possible to distinguish the probability of a person saying they needed care from the probability that they received it. However, datasets taking advantage of this change were not published by Eurostat until the end of 2023 and offered only limited possibilities for disaggregation. In this article, we show how useful these results can be, despite their limitations. In order to facilitate more and better research into health inequalities in Europe, Eurostat should give priority to publishing more datasets as soon as possible.
Asymmetric mate preference and reproductive interference mediate climate-induced changes in mate availability in a small mammal hybrid zone
Authors: Matocq Marjorie D , Hunter Elizabeth A , Murphy Peter J , Adkins Casey L , Shoemaker Kevin T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Range expansion and contraction are among the most common biotic responses to changing environmental conditions, yet much is to be learned about the mechanisms that underlie range-edge population dynamics, especially when those areas are points of secondary contact between closely related species. Here, we present field-measured parentage data that document the reproductive outcomes of changes in mate availability at a secondary contact zone between two species of woodrat in the genus Neotoma. Changes in mate availability resulted from drought-driven differential survival between the species and their hybrids. As the availability of conspecific mates declined, rates of hybridization increased, leading to the accumulation of admixed individuals in the zone of contact. Patterns of reproductive success in the wild appear to be the result of a combination of both pre-mating isolation and post-zygotic selection resulting from genomic incompatibilities between the parental lineages. Evidence of asymmetric mate preference between the parental lineages came from both skewed reproductive output in the field and laboratory preference trials. Moreover, partial genomic incompatibility was evident from the near-zero reproductive success of F1 males and because nearly all surviving hybrids had one pure parent. Nonetheless, the high reproductive success of F1 females and backcrossing in both parental directions allow for introgression between the parental species. These findings reveal how climate change may alter evolutionary outcomes for species at the edge of their ranges through an interplay of behavioral, demographic, and genetic mechanisms.
Genome reduction in novel, obligately methyl-reducing Methanosarcinales isolated from arthropod guts (Methanolapillus gen. nov. and Methanimicrococcus)
Authors: Protasov Evgenii , Reeh Hanna , Liu Pengfei , Poehlein Anja , Platt Katja , Heimerl Thomas , Hervé Vincent , Daniel Rolf , Brune Andreas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent metagenomic studies have identified numerous lineages of hydrogen-dependent, obligately methyl-reducing methanogens. Yet, only a few representatives have been isolated in pure culture. Here, we describe six new species with this capability in the family Methanosarcinaceae (order Methanosarcinales), which makes up a substantial fraction of the methanogenic community in arthropod guts. Phylogenomic analysis placed the isolates from cockroach hindguts into the genus Methanimicrococcus (M. hacksteinii, M. hongohii, and M. stummii) and the isolates from millipede hindguts into a new genus, Methanolapillus (M. africanus, M. millepedarum, and M. ohkumae). Members of this intestinal clade, which includes also uncultured representatives from termites and vertebrates, have substantially smaller genomes (1.6–2.2 Mbp) than other Methanosarcinales. Genome reduction was accompanied by the loss of the upper part of the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, several energy-converting membrane complexes (Fpo, Ech, and Rnf), and various biosynthetic pathways. However, genes involved in the protection against reactive oxygen species (catalase and superoxide reductase) were conserved in all genomes, including cytochrome bd (CydAB), a high-affinity terminal oxidase that may confer the capacity for microaerobic respiration. Since host-associated Methanosarcinales are nested within omnivorous lineages, we conclude that the specialization on methyl groups is an adaptation to the intestinal environment.
Cross-species transcriptomics reveals differential regulation of essential photosynthesis genes in Hirschfeldia incana
Authors: Garassino Francesco , Bengoa Luoni Sofia , Cumerlato Tommaso , Reyes Marquez Francisca , Harbinson Jeremy , Aarts Mark G M , Nijveen Harm , Smit Sandra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Photosynthesis is the only yield-related trait not yet substantially improved by plant breeding. Previously, we have established H. incana as the model plant for high photosynthetic light-use efficiency (LUE). Now we aim to unravel the genetic basis of this trait in H. incana, potentially contributing to the improvement of photosynthetic LUE in other species. Here, we compare its transcriptomic response to high light with that of Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa, and Brassica nigra, 3 fellow Brassicaceae members with lower photosynthetic LUE. We built a high-light, high-uniformity growing environment, in which the plants developed normally without signs of stress. We compared gene expression in contrasting light conditions across species, utilizing a panproteome to identify orthologous proteins. In-depth analysis of 3 key photosynthetic pathways showed a general trend of lower gene expression under high-light conditions for all 4 species. However, several photosynthesis-related genes in H. incana break this trend. We observed cases of constitutive higher expression (like antenna protein LHCB8), treatment-dependent differential expression (as for PSBE), and cumulative higher expression through simultaneous expression of multiple gene copies (like LHCA6). Thus, H. incana shows differential regulation of essential photosynthesis genes, with the light-harvesting complex as the first point of deviation. The effect of these expression differences on protein abundance and turnover, and ultimately the high photosynthetic LUE phenotype is relevant for further investigation. Furthermore, this transcriptomic resource of plants fully grown under, rather than briefly exposed to, a very high irradiance, will support the development of highly efficient photosynthesis in crops.
Tools and methods for cell ablation and cell inhibition in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Rentsch Dennis , Bergs Amelie , Shao Jiajie , Elvers Nora , Ruse Christiane , Seidenthal Marius , Aoki Ichiro , Gottschalk Alexander 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To understand the function of cells such as neurons within an organism, it can be instrumental to inhibit cellular function, or to remove the cell (type) from the organism, and thus to observe the consequences on organismic and/or circuit function and animal behavior. A range of approaches and tools were developed and used over the past few decades that act either constitutively or acutely and reversibly, in systemic or local fashion. These approaches make use of either drugs or genetically encoded tools. Also, there are acutely acting inhibitory tools that require an exogenous trigger like light. Here, we give an overview of such methods developed and used in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Fdo1, Fkh1, Fkh2, and the Swi6–Mbp1 MBF complex regulate Mcd1 levels to impact eco1 rad61 cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Singh Gurvir , Skibbens Robert V 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cohesins promote proper chromosome segregation, gene transcription, genomic architecture, DNA condensation, and DNA damage repair. Mutations in either cohesin subunits or regulatory genes can give rise to severe developmental abnormalities (such as Robert Syndrome and Cornelia de Lange Syndrome) and also are highly correlated with cancer. Despite this, little is known about cohesin regulation. Eco1 (ESCO2/EFO2 in humans) and Rad61 (WAPL in humans) represent two such regulators but perform opposing roles. Eco1 acetylation of cohesin during S phase, for instance, stabilizes cohesin-DNA binding to promote sister chromatid cohesion. On the other hand, Rad61 promotes the dissociation of cohesin from DNA. While Eco1 is essential, ECO1 and RAD61 co-deletion results in yeast cell viability, but only within a limited temperature range. Here, we report that eco1rad61 cell lethality is due to reduced levels of the cohesin subunit Mcd1. Results from a suppressor screen further reveals that FDO1 deletion rescues the temperature-sensitive (ts) growth defects exhibited by eco1rad61 double mutant cells by increasing Mcd1 levels. Regulation of MCD1 expression, however, appears more complex. Elevated expression of MBP1, which encodes a subunit of the MBF transcription complex, also rescues eco1rad61 cell growth defects. Elevated expression of SWI6, however, which encodes the Mbp1-binding partner of MBF, exacerbates eco1rad61 cell growth and also abrogates the Mpb1-dependent rescue. Finally, we identify two additional transcription factors, Fkh1 and Fkh2, that impact MCD1 expression. In combination, these findings provide new insights into the nuanced and multi-faceted transcriptional pathways that impact MCD1 expression.
Contribution of Involuntary Job Loss to the Burden of Depressive Symptoms Over Two Decades in a National Study of Aging Adults
Authors: Picciotto Sally , Eisen Ellen A , Rehkopf David H , Byers Amy L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
In recent decades, risk of job loss in America after age 50 has been high, potentially causing significant stress during the period preceding retirement. Yet no study has quantified the burden of clinically relevant depressive symptoms attributable to job loss in this age group over this period or identified the most vulnerable populations.

Methods
Participants aged 50+ in the Health and Retirement Study (recruited 1992–2016) who were employed and scored &lt;5 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression 8-item scale (CESD-8) at baseline (N = 18,571) were followed for depressive symptoms until they first had CESD-8 ≥5 or died, or through the 2018 survey. Parametric g-formula analyses examined the difference in cumulative risk of having CESD-8 ≥5 if there had been no involuntary job loss compared to the observed scenario, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, age, and dynamic measures of recent marriage end (divorce or widowhood), having a working spouse, assets/debt, and health changes.

Results
We estimated that risk of CESD-8 ≥5 would have been 1.1% (95% confidence interval [0.55, 1.37]) lower if no involuntary job loss had occurred; job loss accounted for 11% of the total burden among those who lost a job. Stronger associations were observed for women (1.2% [0.7, 1.8] vs men 0.5% [0.2, 1.1]), White respondents (1.0% [0.6, 1.5] vs Black respondents 0.5% [−0.1, 1.4]), and those in the lowest quartile of baseline assets (1.1% [0.4, 1.9] vs wealthiest quartile 0.5% [−0.4, 0.9]).

Discussion
Involuntary job loss is associated with high depressive symptom burden in older persons, suggesting that screening and intervention soon after job loss may help mitigate depression.
Thermal rock magnetic cycling (TRMC): a method to track thermal alteration details for palaeointensity interpretations
Authors: Miao Junxiang , Wang Huapei 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARY
Accurate absolute palaeointensity is essential for understanding dynamo processes on the Earth and other planetary bodies. Although great efforts have been made to propose techniques to obtain magnetic field strength from rock samples, such as Thellier-series methods, the amount of high-fidelity palaeointensities remains limited. One primary reason for this is the thermal alteration of samples that pervasively occurred during palaeointensity experiments. In this study, we developed a comprehensive rock magnetic experiment, termed thermal rock magnetic cycling (TRMC), that can utilize measurements of critical rock magnetic properties at elevated temperatures during multiple heating-cooling cycles to track thermal changes in bulk samples and individual magnetic components with different Curie temperatures in samples for palaeointensity interpretations. We demonstrate this method on a Galapagos lava sample, GA 84.6. The results for this specimen revealed that GA 84.6v underwent thermophysical alteration throughout the TRMC experiment, resulting in changes in its remanence carrying capacity. These findings were then used to interpret the palaeointensity results of specimen GA 84.6c, which revealed that the two-slope Arai plot yielded two linear segments with distinct palaeointensity values that were both biased by thermophysical alteration. To further test the TRMC method, we selected another historical lava sample (HS 2) from Mt Lassen, detecting slight thermal-physical changes after heating the specimen HS 2–8C to a target temperature of 400 °C. We also isolated a stable magnetic component with a Curie temperature below 400 °C using the TRMC method, which may provide a more reliable palaeointensity estimate of 51 μT. By providing a method for tracking thermal alteration independent of palaeointensity experiments, the TRMC method can explore subtle, unrecognizable thermal alteration processes in less detailed palaeointensity measurements, which can help to assess the thermal stability of the measured samples and interpret the changes in the TRM unblocking spectrum and palaeointensity estimates, facilitating the acquisition of more reliable records for constrain the formation of the inner core and the evolution of Earth's magnetic field.
The Korean infrasound catalogue (1999–2022)
Authors: Park Junghyun , Arrowsmith Stephen , Che Il-Young , Hayward Chris , Stump Brian 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARY
The Korean infrasound catalogue (KIC) covers 1999–2022 and characterizes a rich variety of source types as well as document the effects of the time-varying atmosphere on event detection and location across the Korean Peninsula. The KIC is produced using data from six South Korean infrasound arrays that are cooperatively operated by Southern Methodist University and Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources. Signal detection relies on an Adaptive F-Detector that estimates arrival time and backazimuth, which draws a distinction between detection and parameter estimation. Detections and associated parameters are input into a Bayesian Infrasonic Source Location procedure. The resulting KIC contains 38 455 infrasound events and documents repeated events from several locations. The catalogue includes many anthropogenic sources such as an industrial chemical explosion, explosions at limestone open-pit mines and quarries, North Korean underground nuclear explosions and other atmospheric or underwater events of unknown origin. Most events in the KIC occur during working hours and days, suggesting a dominance of human-related signals. The expansion of infrasound arrays over the years in South Korea and the inclusion of data from the International Monitoring System infrasound stations in Russia and Japan increase the number of infrasound events and improve location accuracy because of the increase in azimuthal station coverage. A review of selected events and associated signals at multiple arrays provides a location quality assessment. We quantify infrasound events that have accompanying seismic arrivals (seismoacoustic events) to support the source type assessment. Ray tracing using the Ground-to-Space (G2S) atmospheric model generally predicts observed arrivals when strong stratospheric winds exist, although the predicted arrival times have significant discrepancies. In some cases, local atmospheric data better captures small-scale variations in the wind velocity of the shallow atmosphere and can improve arrival time predictions that are not well matched by the G2S model. The analysis of selected events also illustrates the importance of topographic effects on tropospheric infrasound propagation at local distances. The KIC is the first infrasound catalogue compiled in this region, and it can serve as a valuable data set in developing more robust infrasound source localization and characterization methods.