bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circumcision with a novel disposable device in Chinese children: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pan Feng , Pan Lianjun , Zhang Aixia , Liu Yong , Zhang Fenglei , Dai Yutian 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesTo compare the outcomes and complications of three methods of circumcision in a Chinese pediatric population.MethodsA total of 120 children were randomly assigned to three groups. Group I was submitted to circumcision using the Shenghuan disposable device according to Yan's method; group II was submitted to circumcision using the same device, but according to Peng's methods; group III was operated on by using the conventional scalpel/suture technique. The three groups were compared mainly by the following outcomes: duration of surgery, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative pain, cosmetic effect, and the rates of edema, dehiscence, scarring, adhesion and infection.ResultsGroups I and II had less intraoperative bleeding. In terms of the duration of surgery, group I was the quickest. Pain scores in using the Shenghuan disposable device were higher at 6 h after surgery compared with the conventional scalpel/suture technique. The percentage of patients using paracetamol in group II was higher than that in group III at 12 h after surgery. Other complications were similar, and all three groups had successful outcomes.ConclusionsCircumcision using the Shenghuan disposable device represents a safer and time‐saving option compared with the conventional scalpel/suture technique, with better cosmetic outcomes. Yan's method seems to be better than Peng's method when using the Shenghuan disposable device for circumcision in children.
Negotiating multiple motivations in the science and practice of ecological restoration
Authors: Wyborn Carina , Jellinek Sacha , Cooke Benjamin 
Published: September 2012

Summary  In a recent piece in EMR, Burbidge et al. discussed some major impediments to linking research and practice in ecological restoration and management. They identified a lack of collaboration between research and practice, poor communication, inappropriate funding and political timelines, change inertia and a lack of capacity as major barriers to improving restoration praxis. They suggest capacity building, communication, collaboration and involving key stakeholders through an iterative cycle of research to management will improve the translation of research into practice (Ecological Management and Restoration 12, 2011, 54). While we agree with the barriers and recommendations identified, they did not consider how the multifaceted motivations embodied in the practice and social context of restoration shape the research–practice nexus. Given the diversity of actors involved in conservation activities, and the focus on conservation on private land and landscape‐scale connectivity in government policy, this is a significant oversight. We suggest it is vital to draw attention to these multifaceted motivations when discussing implementation challenges. This piece draws on our collective insights from three doctoral research projects examining the science, practice and social dimensions of ecological restoration and management in Australia. Our intention is to outline some of the social and contextual influences shaping restoration practice to demonstrate the importance of dialogue between researchers, practitioners and landholders around the goals and expectations of restoration and management interventions. We suggest this is an important aspect of improving the conversation between the actors involved in restoration research, policy and practice.
Phylogenetic significance of the kinethmoid‐associated Y‐shaped ligament and long intercostal ligaments in the Cypriniformes (Actinopterygii: Ostariophysi)
Authors: LIAO TE‐YU , KULLANDER SVEN O. 
Published: September 2012

Liao, T.Y. & Kullander, S.O. (2012). Phylogenetic significance of the kinethmoid‐associated Y‐shaped ligament and long intercostal ligaments in the Cypriniformes (Actinopterygii: Ostariophysi). —Zoologica Scripta, 42, 71–87.The phylogenetic significance of the Y‐shaped and long intercostal ligaments in the Cypriniformes is examined using character optimization in 184 species representing 20 non‐ostariophysan teleost species, five ostariophysan orders, seven cypriniform families and 14 cyprinid subfamilies. Character states were optimized on the phylogenetic trees of previous studies. Given the topology of Saitoh et al. (2011), the Y‐shaped ligament, connecting the kinethmoid to the ethmoid complex, is shown to be a synapomorphy for the Cyprinidae, with reversals observed in the Cyprininae, Danioninae, Gobioninae and Psilorhynchinae. The condition of the Y‐shaped ligament is consistent within most subfamilies with a few exceptions. Despite the exceptions, the Y‐shaped ligament may be considered as a diagnostic character distinguishing cyprinid subfamilies with otherwise similar morphology, that is, the Danioninae and Opsariichthyinae. The long intercostal ligament, connecting five to eight ribs and ascending from the subdistal end of the fifth rib, is present in the Catostomidae and all cyprinid subfamilies, except for the Psilorhynchinae and two developmentally truncated genera, Danionella and Paedocypris. In addition to these two cypriniforme families, the long intercostal ligament is homoplastically present in some catfishes. Given the topology of Saitoh et al. (2011), presence of the long intercostal ligament is a synapomorphy of Cyprinidae+Catostomidae. Some shorter ligaments are also present in the Cypriniformes and Chilodus gracilis (Characiformes), near the base of the anterior ribs and only occurring anterodorsally to the putative line of the long intercostal ligament even when it is absent.
Low pretreatment serum total testosterone is associated with a high incidence of Gleason score 8–10 disease in prostatectomy specimens: data from ethnic Chinese patients with localized prostate cancer
Authors: Dai Bo , Qu YuanYuan , Kong YunYi , Ye DingWei , Yao XuDong , Zhang ShiLin , Wang ChaoFu , Zhang HaiLiang , Yang WeiYi 
Published: September 2012

Study Type – Prognosis (prospective cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Previous data from clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) series treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) have suggested that low preoperative serum total testosterone level is associated with more aggressive PCa; however, the definition of low preoperative total testosterone level varied among these studies (from 220 ng/dL to 387 ng/dL). Moreover, no relevant data exist in the literature regarding ethnic Chinese patients.The study shows that the most widely used threshold for low pretreatment total testosterone level (total testosterone < 300 ng/dL) is not appropriate for ethnic Chinese patients, because it could not distinguish patients with more aggressive PCa from those with less aggressive disease. Setting the threshold at the level of total testosterone < 250 ng/dL works better, because pretreatment total testosterone < 250 ng/dL is associated with a significantly higher incidence of Gleason score 8–10 disease in RP specimens.OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship between preoperative serum total testosterone level and prognostic factors of Chinese patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 110 patients with localized PCa, treated by radical prostatectomy (RP), were included in this prospective study.
Clinical and pathological data from each patient were collected. Total testosterone was measured on the morning of surgery.
Total testosterone levels for each patient were compared using two thresholds: threshold 1 (total testosterone <300 ng/dL vs total testosterone ≥300 ng/dL) and threshold 2 (total testosterone <250 ng/dL vs total testosterone ≥250 ng/dL).
RESULTS
The median preoperative total testosterone level was 346 ng/dL. Gleason scores of ≤6, 7 and ≥8 were found in the RP specimens from 21 (19.1%), 67 (60.9%) and 22 (20.0%) patients, respectively.
Compared with those with low grade disease, patients with high grade disease (Gleason score ≥ 8) in RP specimens had a significantly lower preoperative total testosterone.
When comparing 35 patients with hypogonadism with 75 patients with eugonadism, classified by threshold 1, no significant relationships were found.
When comparing 18 patients with hypogonadism with 92 patients with eugonadism, classified by threshold 2, pathological Gleason score ≥ 8 tumours were more common in patients with hypogonadism.
CONCLUSION
Setting the threshold for hypogonadism at the level of pretreatment serum total testosterone <250 ng/dL is appropriate for ethnic Chinese patients with localized PCa, because patients with pretreatment total testosterone <250 ng/dL are associated with a higher incidence of Gleason score 8–10 disease in RP specimens.
Age‐related changes in prostate zonal volumes as measured by high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): a cross‐sectional study in over 500 patients
Authors: Turkbey Baris , Huang Robert , Vourganti Srinivas , Trivedi Hari , Bernardo Marcelino , Yan Pingkun , Benjamin Compton , Pinto Peter A. , Choyke Peter L. 
Published: September 2012

Study Type – Diagnosis (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most common symptomatic disorder of the prostate and its severity varies greatly in the population. Various methods have been used to estimate prostate volumes in the past including the digital rectal examination and ultrasound measurements.High‐resolution T2 weighted MRI can provide accurate measurements of zonal volumes and total volumes, which can be used to better understand the etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms of men.OBJECTIVE
To use ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate age‐related changes in zonal prostate volumes.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This Institutional Review Board approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act‐compliant study consisted of 503 patients who underwent 3 T prostate MRI before any treatment for prostate cancer.
Whole prostate (WP) and central gland (CG) volumes were manually contoured on T2‐weighted MRI using a semi‐automated segmentation tool. WP, CG, peripheral zone (PZ) volumes were measured for each patient.
WP, CG, PZ volumes were correlated with age, serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) scores.
RESULTS
Linear regression analysis showed positive correlations between WP, CG volumes and patient age (P < 0.001); there was no correlation between age and PZ volume (P= 0.173).
There was a positive correlation between WP, CG volumes and serum PSA level (P < 0.001), as well as between PZ volume and serum PSA level (P= 0.002).
At logistic regression analysis, IPSS positively correlated with WP, CG volumes (P < 0.001).
SHIM positively correlated with WP (P= 0.015) and CG (P= 0.023) volumes.
As expected, the IPSS of patients with prostate volumes (WP, CG) in first decile for age were significantly lower than those in tenth decile.
CONCLUSIONS
Prostate MRI is able to document age‐related changes in prostate zonal volumes.
Changes in WP and CG volumes correlated inversely with changes in lower urinary tract symptoms.
These findings suggest a role for MRI in measuring accurate prostate zonal volumes; have interesting implications for study of age‐related changes in the prostate.
Type II papillary histology predicts poor outcome in patients with renal cell carcinoma and vena cava thrombus
Authors: Kim Kwang Hyun , You Dalsan , Jeong In Gab , Kwon Tae‐Won , Cho Yong Mee , Hong Jun Hyuk , Ahn Hanjong , Kim Choung‐Soo 
Published: September 2012

Study Type – Prognosis (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?In patients with pRCC, the presence of venous tumour thrombus is known to be a predictor of poorer outcomes. However, a paucity of data is available regarding the prognostic significance of histology in patients with RCC and IVC thrombus.In our series, we found that patients with type II pRCC had significantly poorer outcomes when compared to those with cRCC. Although the lack of effective treatment for patients with metastatic pRCC may have contributed to these adverse outcomes, type II papillary histology was independent predictor not only of CSS but also of RFS.OBJECTIVE
To analyze the prognostic impact of papillary histology on oncological outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of 74 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy between 1990 and 2010 for clear cell or papillary RCC.
We compared the clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes of 62 patients with clear cell RCC (cRCC) and 12 with papillary RCC (pRCC).
All cases of pRCC were subdivided into type I or type II.
The prognostic role of papillary histology on recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) was estimated using Cox's regression models.
RESULTS
Upon reclassification of the pRCC subtype, all 12 patients with pRCC had type II tumours.
Patients with type II pRCC were significantly younger (P = 0.028) and were more probably women (P = 0.025) than those with cRCC
The 2‐ and 5‐year CSS rates were 81.1% and 53.6% in cRCC patients, and 28.1% and 0% in type II pRCC patients, respectively. All eight patients with non‐metastatic type II pRCC developed disease recurrence at a median interval of 6 months after surgery, whereas 25 of 44 (56.8%) patients with non‐metastatic cRCC experienced such recurrence at a median interval of 10 months after surgery.
Patients with type II pRCC showed significantly lower CSS (P < 0.001) and RFS (P = 0.002) than those with cRCC.
On multivariate analysis, type II papillary histology was an independent predictor of CSS (hazard ratio, 3.73; P = 0.003) and RFS (hazard ratio, 3.15; P = 0.015).
CONCLUSIONS
Type II papillary histology appears to be predominant in cases of pRCC with IVC thrombus.
Patients with type II pRCC who presented with IVC thrombus had significantly worse outcomes than those with cRCC, and histology is an important prognostic factor in patients with RCC and IVC thrombus.
Terpenoid biosynthesis in trichomes—current status and future opportunities
Authors: Markus Lange B. , Turner Glenn W. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryGlandular trichomes are anatomical structures specialized for the synthesis of secreted natural products. In this review we focus on the description of glands that accumulate terpenoid essential oils and oleoresins. We also provide an in‐depth account of the current knowledge about the biosynthesis of terpenoids and secretion mechanisms in the highly specialized secretory cells of glandular trichomes, and highlight the implications for metabolic engineering efforts.
Play for Protest, Protest for Play: Artisan and Vendors' Resistance to Displacement in Mexico City
Authors: Crossa Veronica 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPlay, laughter and theatrical forms of activism have been recently documented by scholars interested in the politics and spatiality of resistance. This article focuses on the playful techniques of resistance deployed by street vendors and artisans in Mexico City as a result of the displacement generated by a recently implemented policy popularly called Plazas Limpias (clean plazas). Through a case study Coyoacan, a tourist‐oriented neighbourhood known for its historical richness and aesthetic qualities, I show how street vendors and artisans who were removed from plazas in the area engaged in a number of playful resistance strategies which drew on the symbolic and material importance of place. I argue the street vendors and artisans deployed playful techniques of resistance for two reasons. First, play helped develop emotions that were crucial for the sustainability of the movement. Second, playful strategies of resistance were practiced because of the symbolic importance of Coyoacan as a place of creativity, play, performance, and art.
AGENCY AND AWARENESS
Authors: Andreou Chrisoula 
Published: September 2012

AbstractI focus on the idea that if, as a result of lacking any conscious goal related to X‐ing and any conscious anticipation or awareness of X‐ing, one could sincerely reply to the question ‘Why are you X‐ing?’ with ‘I didn't realize I was doing that,’ then one's X‐ing is not intentional. My interest is in the idea interpreted as philosophically substantial (rather than merely stipulative) and as linked to the familiar view that there is a major difference, relative to the exercise of agential control, between acting on a conscious goal (even one the agent is not actively thinking about) and acting on a non‐conscious goal (about which the sincerely ‘clueless’ response ‘I didn't realize I was doing that’ could be provided). After raising some doubts about the target idea, I consider the two most promising lines of defence. I argue that neither is convincing, and that we should reject the suggestion that the idea is properly accepted as a matter of common sense. Even absent any conscious goal related to X‐ing and any conscious anticipation or awareness of X‐ing, there is room for counting X‐ing as intentional if X‐ing is, or is appropriately related to, a non‐conscious goal.
Effects of a computerized working memory training program on working memory, attention, and academics in adolescents with severe LD and comorbid ADHD: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gray S.A. , Chaban P. , Martinussen R. , Goldberg R. , Gotlieb H. , Kronitz R. , Hockenberry M. , Tannock R. 
Published: September 2012

Background:  Youths with coexisting learning disabilities (LD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk for poor academic and social outcomes. The underlying cognitive deficits, such as poor working memory (WM), are not well targeted by current treatments for either LD or ADHD. Emerging evidence suggests that WM might be improved by intensive and adaptive computerized training, but it remains unclear whether this intervention would be effective for adolescents with severe LD and comorbid ADHD.Methods:  A total of sixty 12‐ to 17‐year olds with LD/ADHD (52 male, 8 female, IQ > 80) were randomized to one of two computerized intervention programs: working memory training (Cogmed RM) or math training (Academy of Math) and evaluated before and 3 weeks after completion. The criterion measures of WM included auditory‐verbal and visual‐spatial tasks. Near and far transfer measures included indices of cognitive and behavioral attention and academic achievement.Results:  Adolescents in the WM training group showed greater improvements in a subset of WM criterion measures compared with those in the math‐training group, but no training effects were observed on the near or far measures. Those who showed the most improvement on the WM training tasks at school were rated as less inattentive/hyperactive at home by parents.Conclusions:  Results suggest that WM training may enhance some aspects of WM in youths with LD/ADHD, but further development of the training program is required to promote transfer effects to other domains of function.
The neurophysiological performance of visuospatial working memory in children with developmental coordination disorder
Authors: TSAI CHIA‐LIANG , CHANG YU‐KAI , HUNG TSUNG‐MIN , TSENG YU‐TING , CHEN TZU‐CHI 
Published: September 2012

Aim  The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the deficit in visuospatial working memory (VSWM) seen in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and to compare brain activity while performing a VSWM task in children with DCD and typically developing children.Method  Behavioural performance and event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in 24 children (12 males, 12 females; mean age 139mo, SD 4mo) with DCD (as determined by a score <5th centile on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children – Second Edition) and in 30 age‐ and sex‐matched typically developing children (15 males; 15 females; mean age 140mo, SD 5mo) recruited from local schools, while performing one spatial non‐delay and two time‐delayed spatial memory tasks.Results  Compared with typically developing children, children with DCD exhibited longer reaction times (p = 0.022; partial η2=0.10) and lower accuracy rates (p < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.35) on the two spatial memory tasks. Electrophysiological indices also showed distinct modulatory effects, with children with DCD exhibiting smaller P3 (p < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.26) and positive slow wave (pSW; p = 0.003; partial η2 = 0.16) amplitude and a smaller area under the curve of P3 and pSW components (p = 0.002; partial η2 = 0.17).Interpretation  The combined analysis of behavioural performance and ERP data suggests that children with DCD have deficits of visuospatial working memory owing to fewer resources being allocated to comparison of spatial locations, less effort allotted to the response selection, and less neural processing employed during the retrieval process phase.
Effects of Population Size on Singing Behavior of a Rare Duetting Songbird
Authors: VALDERRAMA SANDRA V. , MOLLES LAURA E. , WAAS JOSEPH R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough the genetic and ecological effects of population declines in endangered species have been well studied, little is known of the social consequences. Changes in signaling behavior may result in disrupted communication and affect both reproductive and conflict‐resolution activities. The North Island Kōkako (Callaeas wilsoni) is an endangered, duetting (i.e., alternating, coordinated singing by mated pairs) songbird endemic to New Zealand temperate rain forests. Scattered populations (approximately 1500 individuals in 13 surviving and 11 translocated populations) in isolated conservation areas of different sizes have been rescued from extirpation and are currently recovering. We examined key song attributes of the Kōkako to assess whether population size or growth rate are related to song complexity, the reduction of which may compromise effective communication. We analyzed song repertoire size and phrase‐type sharing (i.e., Jaccard index of similarity), vocal performance (singing rates, song switching rates, and diversity of phrase types), and song syntactical characteristics (i.e., unpredictability in sequences of phrase types) in surviving and translocated populations (populations of approximately 19–250 territorial individuals). Population size was positively correlated with a population's song repertoire, song diversity, and switching of song phrase types and negatively correlated with shared phrase types and variation in syntactical structure of songs. Population growth rate correlated positively with pair repertoire size, population repertoire size, and singing rates during song bouts. As for solo‐singing species in fragmented landscapes, songs in the fragmented populations of Kōkako appear to be undergoing microevolution as occurs in island colonization events. Our results suggest that vocal changes in small populations could affect population establishment and growth, particularly in multiple‐source translocations. We believe measurement of vocal behavior could be used as a supplement to periodic population censuses to allow more frequent monitoring of population size.Efectos de la Conducta de Canto sobre el Tamaño Poblacional de una Ave Canora Rara