bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TOI-2490b – the most eccentric brown dwarf transiting in the brown dwarf desert
Authors: Henderson Beth A , Casewell Sarah L , Jordán Andrés , Brahm Rafael , Henning Thomas , Gill Samuel , Mayorga L C , Ziegler Carl , Stassun Keivan G , Goad Michael R , Acton Jack , Alves Douglas R , Anderson David R , Apergis Ioannis , Armstrong David J , Bayliss Daniel , Burleigh Matthew R , Dragomir Diana , Gillen Edward , Günther Maximilian N , Hedges Christina , Hesse Katharine M , Hobson Melissa J , Jenkins James S , Jenkins Jon M , Kendall Alicia , Lendl Monika , Lund Michael B , McCormac James , Moyano Maximiliano , Osborn Ares , Pinto Marcelo Tala , Ramsay Gavin , Rapetti David , Saha Suman , Seager Sara , Trifonov Trifon , Udry Stéphane , Vines Jose I , West Richard G , Wheatley Peter J , Winn Joshua N , Zivave Tafadzwa 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of the most eccentric transiting brown dwarf in the brown dwarf desert, TOI-2490b. The brown dwarf desert is the lack of brown dwarfs around main-sequence stars within $\sim 3$ au and is thought to be caused by differences in formation mechanisms between a star and planet. To date, only $\sim 40$ transiting brown dwarfs have been confirmed. TOI-2490b is a $73.6\pm 2.4$  $M_{\rm J}$, $1.00\pm 0.02$  $R_{\rm J}$ brown dwarf orbiting a $1.004_{-0.022}^{+0.031}$  ${\rm M}_{\odot }$, $1.105_{-0.012}^{+0.012}$  ${\rm R}_{\odot }$ sun-like star on a 60.33 d orbit with an eccentricity of $0.77989\pm 0.00049$. The discovery was detected within Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sectors 5 (30 min cadence) and 32 (2 min and 20 s cadence). It was then confirmed with 31 radial velocity measurements with FEROS by the WINE collaboration and photometric observations with the Next Generation Transit Survey. Stellar modelling of the host star estimates an age of $\sim 8$ Gyr, which is supported by estimations from kinematics likely placing the object within the thin disc. However, this is not consistent with model brown dwarf isochrones for the system age suggesting an inflated radius. Only one other transiting brown dwarf with an eccentricity higher than 0.6 is currently known in the brown dwarf desert. Demographic studies of brown dwarfs have suggested such high eccentricity is indicative of stellar formation mechanisms.
Understanding spectral artefacts in SKA-Low 21-cm cosmology experiments: the impact of cable reflections
Authors: O’Hara Oscar S D , Dulwich Fred , de Lera Acedo Eloy , Dhandha Jiten , Gessey-Jones Thomas , Anstey Dominic , Fialkov Anastasia 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The Cosmic Dawn was marked by the formation of the first stars, and preceded the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), when the Universe underwent a fundamental transformation caused by the radiation from these first stars and galaxies. Interferometric 21-cm experiments aim to probe redshifted neutral hydrogen signals from these periods, constraining the conditions of the early Universe. The SKA-Low instrument of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is envisaged to be the largest and most sensitive radio telescope at metre and centimetre wavelengths. The latest Aperture Array Verification Systems feature 7-m coaxial transmission lines connecting the low noise amplifiers to optical transmitters at the front of the analogue-receiving chain. An impedance mismatch between these components results in a partially reflected electromagnetic signal, introducing chromatic aberrations into the instrument bandpass. This causes power from the foreground signals to appear at higher delays, potentially contaminating the ‘EoR window’, a region in which the 21-cm signal should be detectable. We present an end-to-end simulation pipeline for SKA-Low using a composite sky model combining radio foregrounds from the Galactic and Extragalactic All-Sky MWA (GLEAM) Survey, Haslam 408 MHz, and a 1.5-cGpc 21-cm brightness temperature cube generated with the 21cm space simulator. We derive a model for the scattering parameters of a coaxial transmission line in terms of its specifications and bulk material properties. Assuming identical cables of length $\le 15.0$ m with impedance mismatch $\le 10\, \Omega$, the reflection is confined below the EoR window. However, we demonstrate that even a 0.1 per cent length tolerance introduces contamination with an absolute fractional difference of ~10 per cent across all accessible k-modes.
Periplasmic carbonic anhydrase CAH1 contributes to high inorganic carbon affinity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Shimamura Daisuke , Ikeuchi Tomoaki , Matsuda Ami , Tsuji Yoshinori , Fukuzawa Hideya , Mochida Keiichi , Yamano Takashi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme conserved across species, is pivotal in the interconversion of inorganic carbon (Ci; CO2, and HCO3−). Compared to the well-studied intracellular CA, the specific role of extracellular CA in photosynthetic organisms is still not well understood. In the green alga Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), carbonic anhydrase 1 (CAH1), located at the periplasmic space, is strongly induced under CO2-limiting conditions by the Myb transcription factor LCR1. While the lcr1 mutant shows decreased Ci-affinity, the detailed mechanisms behind this phenomenon are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to unravel the LCR1-dependent genes essential for maintaining high Ci-affinity. To achieve this, we identified a total of 12 LCR1-dependent inducible genes under CO2-limiting conditions, focusing specifically on the most prominent ones—CAH1, LCI1, LCI6, and Cre10.g426800. We then created mutants of these genes using the CRISPR–Cas9 system, all from the same parental strain, and compared their Ci-affinity. Contrary to earlier findings that reported no reduction in Ci-affinity in the cah1 mutant, our cah1-1 mutant exhibited a decrease in Ci-affinity under high HCO3−/CO2-ratio conditions. Additionally, when we treated wild-type cells with a CA inhibitor with low membrane permeability, a similar reduction in Ci-affinity was observed. Moreover, the addition of exogenous CA to the cah1 mutant rescued the decreased Ci-affinity. These results, highlighting the crucial function of the periplasmic CAH1 in maintaining high Ci-affinity in Chlamydomonas cells, provide insights into the functions of periplasmic CA in algal carbon assimilation.
Exploring the role of spinal astrocytes in the onset of hyperalgesic priming signals in acid-induced chronic muscle pain
Authors: Abdelaziz Mohamed Abbas , Chen Wei-Hsin , Chang Yu-Wang , Mindaye Selomon Assefa , Chen Chien-Chang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hyperalgesic priming, a form of pain plasticity initiated by initial injury, leads to heightened sensitivity to subsequent noxious stimuli, contributing to chronic pain development in animals. While astrocytes play active roles in modulating synaptic transmission in various pain models, their specific involvement in hyperalgesic priming remains elusive. Here, we show that spinal astrocytes are essential for hyperalgesic priming formation in a mouse model of acid-induced muscle pain. We observed spinal astrocyte activation 4 h after initial acid injection, and inhibition of this activation prevented chronic pain development upon subsequent acid injection. Chemogenetic activation of spinal astrocytes mimicked the first acid-induced hyperalgesic priming. We also demonstrated that spinal phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase (pERK)-positive neurons were mainly vesicular glutamate transporter-2 positive (Vglut2+) neurons after the first acid injection, and inhibition of spinal pERK prevented astrocyte activation. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of astrocytic glutamate transporters glutamate transporter-1 and glutamate–aspartate transporter abolished the hyperalgesic priming. Collectively, our results suggest that pERK activation in Vglut2+ neurons activate astrocytes through astrocytic glutamate transporters. This process eventually establishes hyperalgesic priming through spinal D-serine. We conclude that spinal astrocytes play a crucial role in the transition from acute to chronic pain.
Heterogeneous Real Estate Agents and the Housing Cycle
Authors: Gilbukh Sonia , Goldsmith-Pinkham Paul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The real estate market is highly intermediated, with 90% of buyers and sellers hiring an agent. However, low barriers to entry and fixed commission rates result in large market share for inexperienced intermediaries. Using micro-level data on 8.5 million listings and a novel research design, we show that house listings by inexperienced agents have a lower probability of selling, and this effect is strongest during the housing bust. We estimate that 3.7% more listings would have been sold in a flexible commission equilibrium. Eighty percent of this improvement comes from competition and the remainder from commission variation across experience.
Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Delayed Presentation in Craniosynostosis Surgery at a Tertiary Children’s Hospital
Authors: Jolibois Marah I. , Roohani Idean , Moshal Tayla , Lasky Sasha , Urata Maya , Munabi Naikhoba C.O. , Johns Alexis L. , Sader Nicholas , Durham Susan R. , Urata Mark M. 
Published: August 2024

Background:Craniosynostosis is a common diagnosis requiring early referral to a pediatric plastic surgeon; however, disparities in healthcare may influence presentation timing and affect treatment options and outcomes. This study aimed to explore sociodemographic factors contributing to delay in craniosynostosis surgical consultation.Methods:A retrospective cohort study of 694 California-based craniosynostosis patients at a tertiary children’s hospital was performed from 2006 to 2023. State-specific Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and distance to the hospital were calculated using ZIP codes. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions considered race, insurance type, syndromic status, suture type, and ZIP code-based socioeconomic factors.Results:Median age of presentation was 4.5 [interquartile range: 2.6–7.6] months with racial/ethnic breakdown of Hispanic/Latinx (41.2%), White (23.6%), Asian (3.7%), Black/African American (2.0%), or other/unreported (29.5%) with 58.4% having public insurance and an average distance to the hospital of 48.3 km. Median ADI was 5.4 [interquartile range: 4.0–7.1]. By linear regression, public insurance (P< 0.001) and higher ADI decile (P< 0.001) independently contributed to an older age of presentation. Patients with public insurance (odds ratio 1.90;P= 0.002) were more likely to present after 4 months of age.Conclusions:Patients who had public insurance or resided in more disadvantaged areas presented later for craniosynostosis surgical consultation. Eliminating disparities in these populations ensures more equitable access to surgical options and can improve patient outcomes.
Improved Sympathetic Activity With Short-Term Effects of Yoga in Young Adults
Authors: Nakayama Natsuki , Kono Aoi , Moriwaki Yoshimi , Niihara Momoka , Aizawa Rika , Ookabe Sota , Kita Etsuko , Kaneko Hiroshi 
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to clarify the heart rate variability (HRV) transition after a single yoga program. Participants were 22 females who were healthy university students and had never practiced yoga before. They practiced yoga while recording their HRV. Heart rate (HR), high frequency (HF; 0.15-0.4 Hz) as parasympathetic and low frequency (LF; 0.04–0.15 Hz) components were extracted, and then the LF/HF ratio as sympathetic and normalized units of HF HFnu = HF/(LF + HF) as parasympathetic modulation in autonomic activity were calculated. HR and HRV indices after yoga were divided into four 5-minute periods (after 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes) and compared before yoga. HR and LF/HF at all periods after yoga were significantly lower than before yoga (P < .01, all). HF after yoga was not significantly changed, but HFnu after 5, 10, and 15 minutes was significantly higher than before yoga (P < .01, <.01, and =.02, respectively). The short-term effects of yoga on HRV implied a decrease in sympathetic modulation and a relative increase in parasympathetic modulation. Therefore, yoga may be used as a fast-acting alternative therapy to significantly improve sympathetic activity.
Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid Presenting as Recurrent Pterygium
Authors: Tallapelly Haritha G. , Shanbhag Swapna S. , Basu Sayan , Kate Anahita 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:The aim of this series was to report recurrent pterygium as a presenting feature of ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (oMMP).Methods:A retrospective review was performed, and patients with biopsy positive oMMP who presented with recurrent pterygia were included. Data on the demographic profile, clinical characteristics, and details of the surgical intervention were collected.Results:A total of 5 patients with recurrent pterygium were included. All the patients were men. The median age was 63 years. History of pterygium surgery was present in 8/10 eyes (80%), of which 6 eyes (60%) developed a recurrent pterygium. A symblepharon was present in 4/6 eyes (67%). Forniceal shortening was present in 10/10 (100%) eyes. All eyes were subjected to a conjunctival biopsy for direct immunofluorescence, of which 9 eyes (90%) had positive results consistent with oMMP. Systemic immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) with either methotrexate or azathioprine was initiated in all 5 patients.Conclusions:Recurrent pterygium can be a presenting feature of oMMP. The presence of symblepharon formation or forniceal shortening, especially in the fellow eye, warrants a conjunctival biopsy and prompt initiation of IMT to prevent disease progression.
Endoscopic Removal of Uncovered Metallic Airway Stents
Authors: Rausch Mathilde , Briault Amandine , Aboussouan Marie-Pierre , Berger Jean-Eric , Francony Gilles , Atallah Ihab 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Self-expandable uncovered metallic stents (SEUMS) have been used in benign tracheobronchial stenosis. Stent complications may require risky removal due to SEUMS integration in the tracheobronchial wall. Our study aims to report techniques, including a novel one, and outcomes of SEUMS removal by rigid bronchoscopy.

Methods:
We studied a case series of 7 patients from a tertiary medical center, who underwent SEUMS removal from 2017 to 2022. SEUMS removals were performed through rigid bronchoscopy. We used a new technique with bronchoscopic hook scissors to gradually dissect the stent from the airway wall.

Results:
Nine SEUMS were removed from 7 patients. The mean duration of stenting was 7 years (5 to 12 y). Indications for stent removal included mostly recurrent pulmonary infections, obstructive granulation tissue, and stents’ fractures. We used the usually described technique in the literature known as the “piecemeal fashion” without dissection in 4 SEUMS removals and a new dissection technique in 5 procedures. We reported one major intraoperative complication using the former technique in the form of tracheal tear with mediastinal breach, while we did not experience any major complications with the later one. One patient died 8 days after surgery from respiratory failure.

Conclusion:
Dissection and “piecemeal fashion techniques” can be used to remove SEUMS by rigid bronchoscopy even after long-term stenting. SEUMS removal is a very risky procedure and must be performed by a trained operator. Patients should be aware of possible severe complications.
The Influence of Thoracic Ultrasound on the Clinical Practice of Pulmonologists in Portugal
Authors: Silva Bruno S. , Ferraz Beatriz , Costa Maria Inês , Brandão Maria Esteves , Cortesão Nuno 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Thoracic ultrasound (TUS) has garnered increased recognition, both in aiding pleural procedures and as a complement to physical examination. Operator ability is essential to obtain reliable findings. This study aimed to inquire pulmonology specialists and residents about their confidence with the technique and to determine future needs.

Methods:
A self-administered online survey, including a total of 24 questions, was sent to pulmonology specialists and residents registered as members of the Portuguese Pulmonology Society. Participation was pseudoanonymized and voluntary.

Results:
One hundred fourteen valid answers were obtained. Most responders had prior TUS training. The primary method for knowledge consolidation was unsupervised practice. The majority had an ultrasound machine available in their daily practice; only 17% performed TUS more than 3 times per week. Overall confidence in TUS usage for diagnostic purposes (median: 7/10), disease monitoring (median: 7/10), and invasive procedures (median: 8/10) were high. There was a significant relation between higher levels of confidence and regularly attending TUS courses and performing TUS more than 3 times per week. The main reasons cited as preventing regular use of TUS were the availability/cost of courses and the availability/cost of equipment.

Conclusion:
Regular TUS training and utilization are essential to boost user’s confidence degree. Its use is already a regular feature in the daily practice of pulmonologists in Portugal, but further and better structured training is required to meet the needs of clinicians. The inclusion of mandatory TUS training in residency programs should be considered in the future.
Metachronous Colorectal Neoplasia in Young Adults With Advanced Neoplasia Undergoing Colonoscopy
Authors: Thomas Raj Jessica , Ali Adel Hajj , Bolwell Jacquelyn , Butler Robert , Burke Carol A. , Liska David , Macaron Carole 
Published: August 2024

Background:The risk of metachronous advanced colorectal neoplasia (mACRN) in young adults with advanced lesions at baseline colonoscopy is not well defined.Aims:To examine the risk for (mACRN) in adults <50 years old who had advanced neoplasia (AN) at baseline colonoscopy and determine factors associated with mACRN in these patients.Method:Patients 18 to 49 years of age with ≥1 AN [tubular adenoma (TA) ≥10 mm or with villous features or high-grade dysplasia (HGD), sessile serrated lesion (SSL) ≥10 mm or with dysplasia, traditional serrated adenoma (TSA)] on baseline colonoscopy between 2011 and 2021 who had surveillance colonoscopy >6 months after their baseline examination were included. Outcomes were assessed based on age at baseline colonoscopy, <45 years versus 45 to 49 years, and by follow-up colonoscopy findings: (1) normal, (2) nonadvanced neoplasia (NAN), and (3) AN.Results:Three hundred sixty-six patients with AN underwent ≥1 surveillance colonoscopy: 310 (84.7%) <45 years versus 56 (15.3%) 45 to 49 years. The mean follow-up time was longer for the <45-year-olds versus the 45 to 49-year-olds (43±26.4 vs. 28.4±12.8 mo respectively,P<0.001). The absolute risk of mACRN was 13.5% in the <45 age group versus 16.1% in the 45 to 49 age group,P=0.28. The 3-year cumulative incidence rates of mACRN were comparable for patients <45 and 45 to 49 years old: 10% (95% CI: 10% to 42%) versus 20% (95% CI: 7% to 15%),P=0.065. BMI was the only risk factor associated with mACRN OR 1.045 [95% CI (1.001 to 1.09)].Conclusions:In our cohort of patients <50 years old with AN at baseline, mACRN occurred at a similar rate to that reported by guidelines in 50 years and older, suggesting that current recommended post polypectomy surveillance is appropriate for this age group. BMI was independently associated with mACRN. Future studies should examine how weight management in patients with high BMI mitigates the recurrence of advanced neoplasia.
Bone Formation in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients after Early Secondary Gingivoalveoloplasty and Bone Graft: Long-Term Study
Authors: Autelitano Luca , Hamaui Daniele , Battista Valeria M. A. , Biglioli Federico , Meazzini Maria C. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis, using computed tomographic scans, of ossification patterns in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients who underwent early secondary gingivoalveoloplasty (esGAP) versus those who underwent traditional alveolar bone grafting harvested from the iliac crest (IC).

Methods:
Computed tomographic scans of 22 consecutively treated patients with esGAP were compared with those of 21 patients treated with bone grafting from the IC. Inclusion criteria were nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate patients in permanent dentition. Two parameters were considered: the alveolar thickness, measured at 3 levels, and the nasoalveolar height. All measurements were normalized and ratios of the affected versus nonaffected sides were provided as in addition to the statistical comparison between the 2 groups’ ossification outcomes.

Results:
In the esGAP sample, nasoalveolar height was categorized as ideal and good in 86.36% and in 13.64% of the cases, and no mediocre or insufficient ossification was detected; whereas in the bone grafting sample, 38.10% had ideal and good ossification, 14.29% had mediocre ossification, and 9.52% had insufficient ossification. As regards the alveolar thickness, when we consider the average of 3 levels, the esGAP sample was ideal and good in 57.57% and in 30.30% of the cases; for the IC sample, the alveolar thickness was ideal and good 41.27% and in 25.40% of the cases, respectively. The analysis detected a statistically significant difference in the ossification outcomes in the 2 samples.

Conclusion:
The esGAP yields superior ossification grades in comparison to IC bone grafting.

Clinical Relevance Statement:
In unilateral cleft lip and palate patients, esGAP seems to allow for a higher grade of ossification compared to IC bone grafting.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
“Primary anterior septoplasty in a cleft repair improves deviation of the anterior septum but not that of the posterior bone structure.”
Authors: Ndrianarivony Simon Carnot , Maggiulli Federica , Herman Fanchon , Picot Marie-Chritine , Captier Guillaume 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Evaluation of the result on the nasal septum (NS) of primary anterior septoplasty in cleft surgery is lacking. The deviation in patients with a cleft between those with (S+) and without (S-) primary anterior septoplasty during a cleft lip repair was compared.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, descriptive, single-center study. The NS was evaluated on computed tomography scans obtained pre-operatively from patients who underwent surgery for an alveolar cleft defect. Deviation of the NS was evaluated based on the following parameters: 3D configuration of the NS; anterior, middle, or posterior severity of the NS deviation; location of the most projected point; and severity index.

Results:
The mean age of evaluation was 6.18 years. A total of 44 (S-) and 48 (S+) patients were included. The NS was less prominent in the (S+) than in (S-) group, 6.25% vs 25%. respectively. In the anterior part, the NS was normal in 79% (S+) and 1% (S-) of the patients. In the posterior region, the prominent deviation rate was approximately 7% in both groups. The greatest deviation point location was identical in both groups. The severity index was higher in the (S-) than in (S+) group, except in the middle part of the NS.

Conclusions:
Primary anterior septoplasty corrects only the anterior aspect of the NS in most children with CL and CLP. However, the posterior aspect of the NS remains deviated. A posterior deviation is likely to lead to nasal obstruction therefore regular monitoring is required all along the growing period.