bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tax Policy and Abnormal Investment Behavior
Authors: Xu Qiping , Zwick Eric 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper studies tax-minimizing investment, whereby firms tilt capital purchases toward year-end to reduce taxes. We use this pattern to characterize how taxes affect investment behavior. We exploit variation in firm tax positions from administrative data to confirm that tax minimization causes spikes. Spikes increase when firms face financial constraints or higher option values of waiting. Cumulative investment does not completely reverse after spikes. We develop an investment model with tax asymmetries to rationalize these patterns. Both depreciation motives (later investments face lower effective tax rates) and option value motives (tax asymmetry implies time-varying opportunities to minimize taxes) are necessary to fit the data. (JEL G31, G38, H25)
Poor sleep and inflammatory gene expression among care partners of persons living with dementia: a pilot trial of a behavioral sleep intervention
Authors: Song Yeonsu , Martin Jennifer L , McCurry Susan M , Kelly Monica R , Teng Edmond , Alessi Cathy A , Irwin Michael R , Cole Steve 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Poor sleep is associated with increased inflammation, thereby increasing the risk of chronic diseases and mortality. However, the effects of behavioral sleep interventions on the upstream inflammatory system are unknown among family care partners (CP). The present study explored the role of a behavioral sleep intervention program on inflammatory gene expression.

Methods
This was part of a randomized controlled trial of a sleep intervention for dementia care dyads with sleep problems. Thirty dyads were randomized to sleep intervention or control groups. Sleep outcomes for CP were assessed with 1 week of actigraphy and sleep diary, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Other information included CP demographics, body mass index, and intensity of caregiving tasks. All outcomes were collected at baseline, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up.

Results
Neither group showed any significant differential changes in gene expression from baseline to post-treatment or 3-month follow-up. A decrease in inflammatory gene expression was significantly associated with more nights of good sleep (i.e. nights without trouble falling or staying asleep at night). This finding remained significant after controlling for group (intervention/control), timepoint (baseline, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up), and CP characteristics (e.g. age and ethnicity).

Conclusions
Although better sleep was associated with decreased inflammatory gene expression, this study did not demonstrate any benefits of a behavioral sleep intervention over control, most likely due to a small sample. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to test the specific aspects of disturbed sleep that relate to inflammatory biology among CP of persons living with dementia.
Muscle cell‐derived Ccl8 is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Boss‐Kennedy A. , Kim D. , Barai P. , Maldonado C. , Reyes‐Ordoñez A. , Chen J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSkeletal muscles undergo robust regeneration upon injury, and infiltrating immune cells play a major role in not only clearing damaged tissues but also regulating the myogenic process through secreted cytokines. Chemokine C‐C motif ligand 8 (Ccl8), along with Ccl2 and Ccl7, has been reported to mediate inflammatory responses to suppress muscle regeneration. Ccl8 is also expressed by muscle cells, but a role of the muscle cell‐derived Ccl8 in myogenesis has not been reported. In this study, we found that knockdown of Ccl8, but not Ccl2 or Ccl7, led to increased differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Analysis of existing single‐cell transcriptomic datasets revealed that both immune cells and muscle stem cells (MuSCs) in regenerating muscles express Ccl8, with the expression by MuSCs at a much lower level, and that the temporal patterns of Ccl8 expression were different in MuSCs and macrophages. To probe a function of muscle cell‐derived Ccl8 in vivo, we utilized a mouse system in which Cas9 was expressed in Pax7+ myogenic progenitor cells (MPCs) and Ccl8 gene editing was induced by AAV9‐delivered sgRNA. Depletion of Ccl8 in Pax7+ MPCs resulted in accelerated muscle regeneration after barium chloride‐induced injury in both young and middle‐aged mice, and intramuscular administration of a recombinant Ccl8 reversed the phenotype. Accelerated regeneration was also observed when Ccl8 was depleted in Myf5+ or MyoD+ MPCs by similar approaches. Our results suggest that muscle cell‐derived Ccl8 plays a unique role in regulating the initiation of myogenic differentiation during injury‐induced muscle regeneration.
Opening a Donor Management Center
Authors: Max Emma , MacKenzie-Greenle Meredith , Acero-Webb Jamie Ann , Lambe Leah , Martin Niels D. , Vail Emily 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT:
In the United States alone, more than 100,000 people are waiting for a lifesaving organ transplant. In response to the growing need for viable organs to transplant, donor management centers have opened to provide care to brain-dead organ donors prior to the organ procurement operation. This article describes donor management center operations, details the opening of one such unit, and describes the results and lessons learned. More research is needed on the impact of nursing care on the specialized organ donor population.
Perinatal depression and anxiety
Authors: Scrandis Debra A. , Scrandis Kayla S. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Perinatal depression (PND) and perinatal anxiety are common conditions that can arise during or after pregnancy and can have a major impact on patients and their families. A potential outcome of PND includes death by suicide, a leading cause of maternal mortality. This article provides an overview of these conditions, including discussion of neurobiology, risk factors, warning signs for individuals at risk for suicide and/or infant harm, and relevant screening tools. Considerations for psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are highlighted, and an overview of neuroactive steroid gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor positive allosteric modulators, a newer pharmacologic treatment option for postpartum depression, is provided.
Testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadism
Authors: Gallegos Julian L. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is a crucial intervention for men diagnosed with hypogonadism, a condition characterized by inadequate testosterone production. As primary care NPs play an essential role in managing patients with hypogonadism, they must comprehensively understand TRT. This article serves as a primer for primary care NPs, based on current guidelines, to provide evidence-based care for men with hypogonadism. It offers an overview of the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options for hypogonadism, focusing on using TRT appropriately in primary care settings.
Restrictive versus Decision Support Guided Fluid Therapy During Major Hepatic Resection Surgery
Authors: Coeckelenbergh Sean , Proux-Soucy Maxim , Van der Linden Philippe , Roullet Stephanie , Moussa Maya , Kato Hiromi , Toubal Leila , Naili Salima , Rinehart Joseph , Grogan Tristan , Cannesson Maxime , Duranteau Jacques , Joosten Alexandre 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Fluid therapy during major hepatic resection aims at minimizing fluids during the dissection phase to reduce central venous pressure (CVP), retrograde liver blood flow, and venous bleeding. This strategy, however, may lead to hyperlactatemia. The Acumen™ Assisted Fluid Management system uses novel decision support software whose algorithm helps clinicians optimize fluid therapy. We tested the hypothesis that using this decision support system could decrease arterial lactate at the end of major hepatic resection when compared to a more restrictive fluid strategy.

Methods:
This two-arm, prospective, randomized controlled, assessor-and patient-blinded superiority study included consecutive patients undergoing major liver surgery equipped with an arterial catheter linked to an uncalibrated stroke volume monitor. In the decision support group, fluid therapy was guided throughout the entire procedure using the assisted fluid management software. In the restrictive fluid group, clinicians were recommended to restrict fluid infusion to 1-2 ml.kg-1.h-1 until the completion of hepatectomy. They then administered fluids based on advanced hemodynamic variables. Noradrenaline was titrated in all patients to maintain a mean arterial pressure >65mmHg. The primary outcome was arterial lactate level upon completion of surgery (i.e., skin closure).

Results:
Ninety patients were enrolled over a 7-month period. The primary outcome was lower in the decision support group than in the restrictive group (median[Q1-Q3] 2.5[1.9-3.7]mmol.L-1 vs 4.6[3.1-5.4]mmol.L-1, median difference -2.1, 95%CI(-2.7,-1.2), p<0.001). Among secondary exploratory outcomes, there was no difference in blood loss (median[Q1-Q3] 450[300-600]ml vs 500[300-800]ml, p=0.727) although CVP was higher in the decision support group (mean (SD) of 7.7(2.0)mmHg vs 6.6(1.1)mmHg, p<0.002).

Conclusion:
Patients managed using a clinical decision support system to guide fluid administration during major hepatic resection had a lower arterial lactate concentration at the end of surgery when compared to a more restrictive fluid strategy. Future trials are necessary to make conclusive recommendations that will change clinical practice.
Cell-Free DNA Analysis for the Determination of Fetal Red Blood Cell Antigen Genotype in Individuals With Alloimmunized Pregnancies
Authors: Rego Shannon , Ashimi Balogun Olaide , Emanuel Kirsten , Overcash Rachael , Gonzalez Juan M. , Denomme Gregory A. , Hoskovec Jennifer , King Haley , Wilson Ashley , Wynn Julia , Moise Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the accuracy of next-generation sequencing–based quantitative cell-free DNA analysis for fetal antigen genotyping in individuals with alloimmunized pregnancies undergoing clinical testing in practices across the United States as early as 10 weeks of gestation, with the objective of identifying individuals with pregnancies at risk for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn and guiding management.

METHODS:
This prospective cohort study included patients with alloimmunized pregnancies undergoing clinical fetal antigen cell-free DNA analysis between 10 0/7 and 37 0/7 weeks of gestation at 120 clinical sites. Both the pregnant person with the alloimmunized pregnancy and the neonates resulting from the pregnancies were included. The laboratory issued the cell-free DNA results prospectively as a part of clinical care. After delivery, neonatal buccal swabs collected between 0 and 270 days of life were sent to an outside independent laboratory for antigen genotyping. The outside laboratory was blinded to the fetal cell-free DNA results, and the results were compared. Concordance was reported for the fetal antigen cell-free DNA analysis for antigens to which the pregnant person was alloimmunized and for all antigens for which the pregnant person was genotype negative.

RESULTS:
A total of 156 pregnant people who received clinically ordered cell-free DNA fetal antigen testing provided neonatal buccal swabs for genotyping after delivery. Overall, 15.4% of participants were Hispanic, 9.0% were non-Hispanic Black, 65.4% were non-Hispanic White, 4.5% were Asian, 1.3% were more than one race or ethnicity, and 4.5% were unknown. The median gestational age at the time of testing was 16.4 weeks with a median fetal fraction of 11.1%. Concordance between cell-free DNA analysis results and neonatal genotype was determined for 465 antigen calls for the following antigens: K1 (n=143), E (124), C (60), Fya (50), c (47), and D(RhD) (41). These 465 calls included 145 in which the fetus was antigen positive and 320 in which the fetus was antigen negative. We observed complete concordance between prenatal fetal antigen cell-free DNA analysis results and neonatal genotypes for the 465 calls, resulting in 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.

CONCLUSION:
In a diverse multicenter cohort, cell-free DNA analysis was highly sensitive and specific for determining fetal antigen genotype as early as 10 weeks of gestation in individuals with alloimmunized pregnancies. Taken together with previously published evidence, this study supports the implementation of cell-free DNA testing to manage individuals with alloimmunized pregnancies in the United States.
Differences at Index Surgery in Operative Complexity and Residual Disease for Earlier and Later Repeat Lumbar Surgery
Authors: Duculan Roland , Mancuso Carol A. , Cammisa Frank P. , Sama Andrew A. , Hughes Alexander P. , Lebl Darren R. , Girardi Federico P. 
Published: July 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective review, single-institution cohort studies.

Objective.
To compare patients with earlier (i.e. <1.5 yr) and later (i.e. >1.5 yr) repeat lumbar surgery to patients with no repeat surgery according to clinical characteristics at index surgery.

Background.
Grouping patients as earlier or later repeat surgery may reveal different associations when compared with patients with no repeat surgery.

Patients and Methods.
Patients undergoing index surgery for diverse conditions reported preoperative demographic/clinical variables, including comorbidity and depressive symptoms. Extent (i.e. complexity) of surgery was assigned based on a valid index that included decompression, fusion, and instrumentation. Co-existing disease at nonoperated levels was ascertained from imaging reports. Postoperative records of all medical visits up to the time of this study (12 yr) were reviewed for repeat surgery. Patients were grouped as earlier (<1.5 yr) or later surgery (≥1.5 yr) and compared with patients with no repeat surgery in separate multivariable analyses.

Results.
Among 1334 patients (51% men, mean age 59), 82% did not have repeat surgery, 7% had earlier and 11% had later repeat surgery. Compared with no surgery, earlier surgery was associated with more comorbidity (OR: 1.7, CI: 1.1–2.6, P=0.02), positive depression screen (OR: 1.9, CI: 1.2–2.9, P=0.006), opioid use (OR: 1.8, CI: 1.2–2.8, P=0.008), and greater extent of index surgery (OR: 1.1, CI: 1.0–1.1, P=0.0009). Compared with no surgery, later surgery was associated with preindex lumbar surgery (OR: 1.9, CI: 1.3–2.8, P=0.0005) and disease at nonoperated levels at index surgery (OR: 1.6, CI: 1.0–2.4, P=0.05). Earlier surgeries were more likely to involve only the same vertebra as index surgery (51% vs. 16%) and later surgeries were more likely to involve only other levels (5% vs. 36%, P=0.01).

Conclusions.
Earlier and later repeat lumbar surgeries differed in complexity and residual disease compared with no repeat surgery. These findings have implications for patient counseling regarding short-term and long-term postoperative spine health.
A comparison of pediatric nail disorders between the years with and without the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Wenting , Zhong Xinni , Sun Qi , Li Wei 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic between 2020 to 2022 considerably impacted public health in China. Nail disorders account for the majority of pediatric dermatology. We investigated outpatient nail disease diagnosed at the dermatology clinic to determine the effect of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic on these patients.

Methods:
We gathered information from the outpatient department of the Dermatology clinic at Children’s Hospital of Soochow University from January 2018 to December 2022. We distinguish between pre-epidemic (January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019) and post-epidemic (January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022).

Results:
8666 outpatients were included in the pre-epidemic group and 13,885 were included in the post-epidemic group. The percentage of outpatient nail disorders in the top 7 slightly differs from 2018 to 2022, while the first place is always Paronychia. The percentage of nail dystrophy, onycholysis, and onychomadesis decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic years and the percentage of paronychia, onychomycosis, longitudinal melanonychia, and psychosomatic nail disorders increased during the COVID-19 pandemic years.

Conclusion:
Although the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on outpatients in the dermatology department was minimal, the spectrum of nail disorders was affected. A significant increase in infectious and psychosomatic nail disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic was an important finding in this study. Knowing the pattern of nail diseases may help hospitals to better prepare for future pandemics.
Evaluation of potential punishing effects of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) in rhesus monkeys responding under a choice procedure
Authors: Maguire David R. 
Published: July 2024

Objectives
There has been substantial and growing interest in the therapeutic utility of drugs acting at serotonin 2A subtype (5-HT2A) receptors, increasing the need for characterization of potential beneficial and adverse effects of such compounds. Although numerous studies have evaluated the possible rewarding and reinforcing effects of 5-HT2A receptor agonists, there have been relatively few studies on potential aversive effects.

Methods
The current study investigated punishing effects of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) in four rhesus monkeys responding under a choice procedure in which responding on one lever delivered a sucrose pellet alone and responding on the other lever delivered a sucrose pellet plus an intravenous infusion of a range of doses of fentanyl (0.1–3.2 µg/kg/infusion), histamine (3.2–100 µg/kg/infusion), or DOM (3.2–100 µg/kg/infusion).

Results
When fentanyl was available, responding for a pellet plus an infusion increased dose dependently in all subjects, indicating a positive reinforcing effect of fentanyl. When histamine was available, responding for a pellet plus an infusion decreased in three of four subjects, indicating a punishing effect of histamine. Whether available before or after histamine, DOM did not systematically alter choice across the range of doses tested.

Conclusion
These results suggest that the 5-HT2A receptor agonist DOM has neither positive reinforcing nor punishing effects under a choice procedure that is sensitive to both processes.
Gender Differences in Letters of Recommendations and Personal Statements for Neurotology Fellowship over 10 Years: A Deep Learning Linguistic Analysis
Authors: Vasan Vikram , Cheng Christopher P. , Fan Caleb J. , Lerner David K. , Pascual Karen , Iloreta Alfred Marc , Babu Seilesh C. , Cosetti Maura K. 
Published: July 2024

Objective
Personal statements (PSs) and letters of recommendation (LORs) are critical components of the neurotology fellowship application process but can be subject to implicit biases. This study evaluated general and deep learning linguistic differences between the applicant genders over a 10-year span.

Study Design
Retrospective cohort.

Setting
Two institutions.

Main Outcome Measures
PSs and LORs were collected from 2014 to 2023 from two institutions. The Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner (VADER) natural language processing (NLP) package was used to compare the positive or negative sentiment in LORs and PSs. Next, the deep learning tool, Empath, categorized the text into scores, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were performed for comparisons between applicant gender.

Results
Among 177 applicants over 10 years, 120 were males and 57 were females. There were no differences in word count or VADER sentiment scores between genders for both LORs and PSs. However, among Empath sentiment categories, male applicants had more words of trust (p = 0.03) and leadership (p = 0.002) in LORs. Temporally, the trends show a consistently higher VADER sentiment and Empath “trust” and “leader” in male LORs from 2014 to 2019, after which there was no statistical significance in sentiment scores between genders, and females even have higher scores of trust and leadership in 2023.

Conclusions
Linguistic content overall favored male applicants because they were more frequently described as trustworthy and leaders. However, the temporal analysis of linguistic differences between male and female applicants found an encouraging trend suggesting a reduction of gender bias in recent years, mirroring an increased composition of women in neurotology over time.
Mendelian Randomization Study Reveals a Predicted Relationship between Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Mitochondrial Proteins
Authors: Yan Jiangyu , Wu Linrong , Zheng Mengmeng , Lv Yuan , Jiang Feng , Gao Weibo , Pan Fangfang 
Published: July 2024

Background
Mitochondrial proteins assume a pivotal role in the onset and progression of diverse diseases. Nonetheless, the causal interconnections with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) demand meticulous exploration. Mendelian randomization analysis is a method used in observational epidemiological studies to predict the relationship between exposure factors and outcomes using genetic variants as instrumental variables. In this study, we applied this analytical approach to two distinct samples to predict the causal impact of mitochondrial proteins on SNHL.

Methods
Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were executed to scrutinize the predicted associations between 63 mitochondrial proteins (nuclear-encoded) and SNHL, utilizing summary statistics derived from genome-wide association studies. Assessments of pleiotropy and heterogeneity were carried out to gauge the robustness of the obtained findings.

Results
Four mitochondrial proteins exhibited a suggestive causal relationship with the susceptibility to SNHL. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD; OR = 0.9706, 95% CI = 0.9382–0.9953, p = 0.0230) was linked to a diminished risk of SNHL. Conversely, elevated levels of mitochondrial ribosomal protein L34 (MRPL34; OR = 1.0458, 95% CI = 1.0029–1.0906, p = 0.0362), single-pass membrane protein with aspartate-rich tail 1 (SMDT1; OR = 1.0619, 95% CI = 1.0142–1.1119, p = 0.0104), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2; OR = 1.0323, 95% CI = 1.0020–1.0634, p = 0.0364) were associated with an elevated risk of SNHL.

Conclusion
This research utilized Mendelian randomization analysis to predict the relationship between mitochondrial proteins and SNHL. It provides a potential viewpoint on the etiology and diagnosis.
Intratympanic Lidocaine as a Potent Remedy for Tinnitus in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhang Di , Li Daibo , Chen Ting , Feng Xuefei , Zhang Juan 
Published: July 2024

Objective
This study evaluates intratympanic lidocaine's efficacy and safety for tinnitus relief in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) patients.

Methods
In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, 100 SSNHL patients with unilateral tinnitus received either intratympanic lidocaine or saline plus usual care. Treatment impact was assessed at 1 and 3 months using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, subjective visual analog scale, pure-tone audiometry.

Results
The lidocaine group demonstrated significant tinnitus relief according to the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and visual analog scale, without pure-tone audiometry improvement or serious adverse events throughout the study period.

Conclusion
Intratympanic lidocaine provides a safe, efficacious treatment option for SSNHL tinnitus. Further studies should refine the dosage and delivery parameters because of SSNHL's heterogenous nature.