bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Be aware ofDrinkaware
Authors: McCambridge Jim , Kypri Kypros , Miller Peter , Hawkins Ben , Hastings Gerard 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn 2006,Drinkaware was established as a charity in theUnited Kingdomfollowing a memorandum of understanding between thePortmanGroup and variousUKgovernment agencies. This debate piece briefly reviews the international literature on industry social aspects organizations, examines the nature ofDrinkaware's activities and considers how the public health community should respond. Although theBritish addiction field and the wider public health community have distanced themselves from thePortmanGroup, they have not done so fromDrinkaware, even thoughDrinkaware was devised by thePortmanGroup to serve industry interests. Both long‐standing and more recent developments indicate very high levels of industry influence onBritish alcohol policy, andDrinkaware provides one mechanism of influence. We suggest that working with, and for, industry bodies such asDrinkaware helps disguise fundamental conflicts of interest and serves only to legitimize corporate efforts to promote partnership as a means of averting evidence‐based alcohol policies. We invite vigorous debate on these internationally significant issues and propose that similar industry bodies should be carefully studied in other countries.
Developmental defects of enamel and dentine: challenges for basic science research and clinical management
Authors: Seow WK 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAbnormalities of enamel and dentine are caused by a variety of interacting factors ranging from genetic defects to environmental insults. The genetic changes associated with some types of enamel and dentine defects have been mapped, and many environmental influences, including medical illnesses that can damage enamel and dentine have been identified. Developmental enamel defects may present as enamel hypoplasia or hypomineralization while dentine defects frequently demonstrate aberrant calcifications and abnormalities of the dentine‐pulp complex. Clinically, developmental enamel defects often present with problems of discolouration and aesthetics, tooth sensitivity, and susceptibility to caries, wear and erosion. In contrast, dentine defects are a risk for endodontic complications resulting from dentine hypomineralization and pulpal abnormalities. The main goals of managing developmental abnormalities of enamel and dentine are early diagnosis and improvement of appearance and function by preserving the dentition and preventing complications. However, despite major advances in scientific knowledge regarding the causes of enamel and dentine defects, further research is required in order to translate the knowledge gained in the basic sciences research to accurate clinical diagnosis and successful treatment of the defects.
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Induces an Immunosuppressant Microenvironment in the Maternal–Fetal Interface of Non‐Obese Diabetic Mice and Improves Early Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Hauk Vanesa , Azzam Sofía , Calo Guillermina , Gallino Lucila , Paparini Daniel , Franchi Ana , Ramhorst Rosanna , Leirós Claudia Pérez 
Published: October 2013

ProblemImpaired pregnancy in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice was related to limited vascular remodeling and autoimmune background. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects, so we explored its ability to modulate the immune microenvironment at the early maternal–placental interface and improve pregnancy in NOD mice.Method of studyImplantation sites were isolated from pregnant NOD mice at gestational day 9.5 and were incubated with VIP for evaluation of cytokine or transcription factor expression by RT‐PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. Alternatively, pregnant mice were injected with VIP at day 6.5 and studied at day 9.5.ResultsVIP and VPAC receptors were detected in viable implantation sites. VIP immunostaining was found predominantly on trophoblast giant cells. The in vitro treatment of viable implantation sites with VIP increased IL‐10, TGF‐β, and Foxp3 expression. Sites with resorption processes presented lower VIP expression, reduced suppressant markers, and increased IL‐17 and RORγT expression compared with viable sites and VIP reduced RORγT expression. Pregnant mice treated with VIP at day 6.5 presented an even distribution of viable implantation sites with an increased expression of IL‐10, TGF‐ β, and Foxp3.ConclusionVIP induces an immunosuppressant profile at the early maternal–placental interface of NOD mice and improves pregnancy outcome.
The relationship between experience and mental workload in anaesthetic practice: an observational study
Authors: Byrne A.J. , Murphy A. , McIntyre O. , Tweed N. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryMental workload is seen as a key factor in defining performance and expertise in some complex work environments, but there are no validated instruments for assessing mental workload in anaesthesia. We studied the mental workload of 20 anaesthetists of varying levels of experience, during five routine cases each, by measuring the delay in their responses to a frequently, but randomly, administered vibrotactile stimulus as a secondary task. We delivered, and recorded response times for, 6096 stimuli, with a median (range) of 55.5 (9–178) responses per case. Subjects learnt rapidly to respond to the device and there was no evidence of a ‘learning curve’ that might bias our results. There was limited evidence of a relationship between workload and experience; for instance, in trainees completing simple cases, mental workload had a negative linear relationship with training grade (rho = −0.360, p = 0.006). However, average differences between trainees and qualified practitioners in response times to the stimulus were overshadowed by differences between subjects at the same level of experience. Finally, although the number of ‘hands full’ responses was small, removing these from the analysis had a greater effect than expected, suggesting that the ‘hands full’ condition is not random, but varies with experience and may be independently associated with expertise. This method appears feasible for use in clinical practice and may, with refinement, aid the identification and tracking of the development of expertise in anaesthetic trainees.
Role of extended lymphadenectomy in the treatment of pancreatic head adenocarcinoma: review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Svoronos Christos , Tsoulfas Georgios , Katsourakis Anastasios , Noussios Georgios , Chatzitheoklitos Euthymmios , Marakis N. Georgios 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundExtended lymph node dissection has been established as the method of choice in the treatment of many digestive malignancies, but its role in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas remains controversial.ObjectivesThe goal is to evaluate the role of extended lymph node dissection in pancreatic head adenocarcinoma and to review how it affects survival, morbidity, mortality and post‐operative quality of life.MethodsA computerized search was made of the Medline database from January 1973 to October 2012. Fifteen non‐duplicated studies, four randomized and 11 non‐randomized, comparing extended radical pancreaticoduodenectomy (ERP) and standard pancreaticoduodenectomy were reviewed. Five‐year overall survivals were compared using the MetaXL software in eight of these studies, where the necessary data were available.ResultsThe 5‐year survival after ERP ranged from 6 to 33.4% and the local recurrence incidence from 8 to 36.1%, while the incidence of severe diarrhoea, one of the main complications, ranged from 10.8 to 42.4%. Meta‐analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the 5‐year overall survival (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.21–0.20, Z = 0.07, P = 0.94) for randomized control trials, (95% CI: −0.51–0.02, Z = 1.85, P = 0.07) for non‐randomized control trials and (95% CI: −0.26–0.06, Z = 1.20, P = 0.23) for all the studies.ConclusionsAlthough ERP is a safe procedure, it did not offer a significant improvement in survival, while at the same time leading to an increased incidence of severe diarrhoea for at least 1 year, thus leaving the standard pancreaticoduodenectomy as the surgical method of choice for the treatment of pancreatic head adenocarcinoma.
Historical aspects of appendicitis in children
Authors: Hamill James K. , Liley Andrew , Hill Andrew G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEvidence of appendicitis exists from ancient Egyptian mummies but the appendix was not discovered as an anatomical entity until the renaissance in Western European literature. Much confusion reigned over the cause of right iliac fossa inflammatory disease until the late 19th century, when the appendix was recognized as the cause of the great majority of cases. Coining the term ‘appendicitis’ and making the case for early surgery, Fitz in 1886 set the scene for recovery from appendicitis through operative intervention.
Midterm results using a medial pivot total knee replacement compared with the Australian National Joint Replacement Registry data
Authors: Brinkman Justus‐Martijn , Bubra Preet Singh , Walker Peter , Walsh William R. , Bruce Warrick J. M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn order to emulate normal knee kinematics more closely, and thereby potentially improve wear characteristics and implant longevity, the medial pivot‐type knee replacement geometry was designed. In the current study the outcome of 50 consecutive knee replacements using a medial pivot‐type knee replacement was compared with the results in the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry.MethodsPre‐ and post‐operatively at follow‐up evaluation consisted of the Knee Society score system and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index Score. Patient satisfaction was documented using 5‐point Likert‐type scales. Standard radiographs were used to assess signs of radiographic failure. Revisions were subcategorized into major total, major partial and minor. Patient records were cross‐referenced against the Australian Orthopaedic Associations National Joint Replacement Registry's and the outcome compared with the registry's subset of data on the medial pivot knee used.ResultsAccording to the patients' Knee Society score system and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index scores, there was good pain relief and functional improvement; none of the implants showed radiographic signs of failure. There was one minor revision. There was no statistically significant difference in revision rate compared with the registry results.DiscussionThe medial pivot knee‐type implant in this series provided pain relief, functional improvement and a revision rate, similar to what is reported in the literature after a longer follow‐up period, which is reassuring for those who use this type of implant on a day‐to‐day basis.
Pure laparoscopic posterior sectionectomy for liver metastasis resulting from choroidal malignant melanoma: A case report
Authors: Umemura Akira , Nitta Hiroyuki , Sasaki Akira , Takahara Takeshi , Hasegawa Yasushi , Wakabayashi Go 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLiver metastases resulting from primary choroidal malignant melanomas occur frequently and have a poor prognosis. As a result of advancements in multidisciplinary approaches, life expectancy can be increased when R0 resection is possible. Herein we report the surgical outcomes of pure laparoscopic posterior sectionectomy (PLPS) in a patient with a solitary liver metastasis resulting from choroidal malignant melanoma. The subject was a 46‐year‐old Japanese man who had received radiotherapy for primary right choroidal malignant melanoma 2 years before presenting at our hospital; he subsequently underwent ophthalmectomy as a result of the relapse. During follow‐up, CT revealed a metastatic lesion in the liver S7, and interventional treatments were performed sequentially. The lesion still showed a tendency to enlarge, so we performed PLPS. On postoperative day 7, the patient was discharged from the hospital, and he started to receive adjuvant chemotherapy 2 weeks after PLPS. Although PLPS is deemed to be difficult for lesions in the upper part or posterior segment of the liver, we performed this modality safely.
Complete laparoscopic surgery for early colorectal cancer after endoscopic resection
Authors: Endo Shungo , Takehara Yusuke , Tanaka Jun‐ichi , Hidaka Eiji , Mukai Shumpei , Omoto Tomokatsu , Ishida Fumio , Kudo Shin‐ei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic‐assisted colorectal surgery requires a mini‐laparotomy to extract the specimen and insert the anvil head of the circular stapler into the proximal colon. However, such a mini‐laparotomy occasionally causes local pain and surgical‐site infection. To avoid mini‐laparotomy, we invented a new laparoscopic technique, complete laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer.Materials and Surgical TechniqueSigmoid colon or rectal cancer patients who had undergone colonoscopic excision for T1 cancer and subsequently required bowel resection due to unfavorable histology were recruited. This new procedure used both the double stapling technique and the rectal‐prolapsing technique, where the anvil was transanally inserted into the proximal colon and bowel resection was extracorporeally performed after pulling out the colon–rectum via the anus.DiscussionThis procedure was attempted in 17 patients and successfully achieved in 13 patients. Total laparoscopic colorectal surgery has some problems such as bacterial contamination or infection, as well as dissemination caused by intraluminal exfoliated cancer cells. This procedure is limited to post‐endoscopic resection patients who are suited for reconstruction by double stapling technique, and it may be impossible in patients with thick mesentery or anal stenosis. Moreover, this method resolves issues of peritoneal contamination and dissemination. However, a new protection method for implantation of exfoliated cancer cells needs to be established, so that complete laparoscopic surgery can be employed in patients with small cancers.
Salvage treatment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy‐associated bile duct stenosis combining laparoscopic and endoscopic procedures: A case report
Authors: Iimuro Yuji , Okada Toshihiro , Ohashi Koichiro , Uda Yugo , Suzumura Kazuhiro , Fujimoto Jiro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe incidence of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC)‐associated bile duct injury has reached a steady state despite learning curve effect. Herein we report the case of a 74‐year‐old Japanese man who suffered from bile duct stenosis and stones after LC. The stenosis was due to stricture caused by surgical clips used inappropriately during LC. We planned a salvage treatment combining laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches. At laparoscopic observation, the clips had already invaded the right side of the bile duct; minimal absorbable suture was performed after all the clips were removed. The bile duct stenosis was then endoscopically dilated and the biliary stones were successfully removed. For the recurrent biliary stenosis after discharge, endoscopic balloon dilation was performed and multiple plastic stent tubes were placed. The stent tubes were removed 4 months later, and the patient has had no symptoms for 1 year. A combined laparoscopic and endoscopic approach was useful for the salvage treatment of LC‐associated bile duct stenosis.
Successful laparoscopic management of a primary omental pregnancy: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Tanase Yasuhito , Yoshida Shozo , Furukawa Naoto , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA 32‐year‐old gravid 1, parity 0 woman was referred to our hospital with suspicion of ectopic pregnancy 31 days after her previous menstrual period. She had a 5‐month history of secondary infertility reported increasing lower abdominal pain. Her serum human chronic gonadotropin level was 8160 mIU/mL. Her medical history was significant for a myomectomy and an enucleation of left ovarian cyst. On suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy, laparoscopic exploration was performed. Dense pelvic adhesion was seen. After dissection of the adhesion, we could not find the blastocyst in her pelvis. Early pregnancy tissue implanted in the omentum was identified and was excised laparoscopically. The postoperative course was uneventful. When no ectopia is found in the fallopian tubes during laparoscopy or laparotomy for ectopic pregnancy, all peritoneal surfaces and the omentum must be carefully inspected during surgery.
Single‐incision laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for gastrointestinal stromal tumor arising from the duodenum
Authors: Ohi Masaki , Yasuda Hiromi , Ishino Yoshito , Katsurahara Masaki , Saigusa Susumu , Tanaka Kyosuke , Tanaka Koji , Mohri Yasuhiko , Inoue Yasuhiro , Uchida Keiichi , Kusunoki Masato 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe report a case involving a minimally invasive single‐incision laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative local excision of a duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor. A 59‐year‐old man presented with a 35‐mm lesion located in the second portion of the duodenum. A local resection was performed via single‐incision laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery. Intraluminal endoscopic dissection of the duodenal mucosa and submucosa was performed circumferentially around the tumor. The resection was then completed by laparoscopic dissection of the seromuscular layer around the tumor. The tumor was retrieved laparoscopically. After confirming that the resection achieved clear surgical margins, we closed the duodenal wall with a laparoscopic stapling device. There were no postoperative complications, including stenosis. Single‐incision laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery can be safely and effectively performed for a duodenal submucosal tumor.
Suspected Lythrum hyssopifolia (lesser loosestrife) poisoning of cattle
Authors: Tran JN , Yang P‐J , Morton AG , Todd AA , Boulton JG , Philbey AW 
Published: October 2013

Case reportMorbidity and mortality in two herds of cattle in southern New South Wales were associated with ingestion of lesser or hyssop loosestrife (Lythrum hyssopifolia). Clinical signs in adult cows included depression, listlessness, inappetence, anorexia and recumbency.Deaths occurred in 16/48 (33.3%) and 4/60 (6.7%) adult cows, but calves in both herds were unaffected. Elevated concentrations of urea and creatinine were present in the serum of one clinically affected cow and an elevated concentration of urea was detected in the aqueous humour of one cow that died. On histopathological examination, there was severe, acute necrosis of the proximal convoluted tubular epithelial cells in the kidneys of both affected cattle examined.ConclusionThere is strong evidence that lesser loosestrife is nephrotoxic for cattle.
Unique presentation of normolipaemic cutaneous xanthoma in a cat
Authors: Ravens PA , Vogelnest LJ , Piripi SA 
Published: October 2013

Case reportA normolipaemic 7‐year‐old female spayed Domestic Shorthair was initially presented with a history of pruritus for several years and diagnosed with concurrent atopic dermatitis, flea bite hypersensitivity and adverse food reaction. The hypersensitivities were controlled with cyclosporin, allergen‐specific immunotherapy, topical flea control and a restricted diet.Five months after initial presentation, the cat developed a non‐healing nodular ulcerated cutaneous lesion in the left axilla and also developed immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemic (IMHA). The IMHA was stabilised, but the axillary lesion persisted and progressed to a diffuse, firm, yellowed subcutaneous swelling over the ventral body approximately 20 months later. Histopathology was consistent with cutaneous xanthoma. The cat was normolipaemic and being fed a home‐prepared diet of lean kangaroo meat and pumpkin to manage pruritus associated with adverse food reactions. No underlying malignancy was detected on routine screening tests.ConclusionA diffuse, planar form of cutaneous xanthoma occurring without associated lipaemia has not been previously reported in cats.
Haematological and biochemical variations among eight sighthound breeds
Authors: Uhríková I , Lačňáková A , Tandlerová K , Kuchařová V , Řeháková K , Jánová E , Doubek J 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to compare the haematological and biochemical profiles of eight sighthound breeds.DesignSamples were taken from 192 individuals of the sighthound breeds (Whippet,Greyhound,ItalianGreyhound,Sloughi,Saluki,Borzoi,PharaohHound andAzawakh). Routine haematological and biochemical examinations were performed and the results were evaluated statistically.ResultsThere were significant differences in haematology and clinical biochemistry among the sighthound breeds. The most similar laboratory profile toGreyhounds was found inWhippets.ItalianGreyhounds had significantly higher alanine aminotransferase activity than other sighthounds, exceptPharaohHounds.ConclusionApplication of theGreyhound laboratory profile to other sighthounds is not recommended because of the frequent differences in haematological and clinical biochemical reference intervals.
A longitudinal intergenerational analysis of executive functions during early childhood
Authors: Cuevas Kimberly , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Kim‐Spoon Jungmeen , Wang Zhe , Morasch Katherine C. , Bell Martha Ann 
Published: October 2013

Despite the importance of executive function (EF) in both clinical and educational contexts, the aetiology of individual differences in early childhood EF remains poorly understood. This study provides the first longitudinal intergenerational analysis of mother–child EF associations during early childhood. A group of children and their mothers (n = 62) completed age‐appropriate EF tasks. Mother and child EFs were modestly correlated by 24 months of age, and this association was stable through 48 months. Importantly, maternal–child EF associations were still robust after controlling for verbal ability (potential indicator of verbal/crystallized intelligence) and maternal education (correlate of socio‐economic status and verbal intelligence). Potential implications of these findings as well as underlying mechanisms of the maternal–child EF association (gene–environment interplay) are discussed.
Unsuccessful diagnostic cytogenetic analysis is a poor prognostic feature in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Medeiros Bruno C. , Othus Megan , Estey Elihu H. , Fang Min , Appelbaum Frederick R. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryChromosome banding analysis is the gold standard method for the identification of recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). It allows stratification of AML patients into subgroups with distinct responses to therapy and survival. Unfortunately, a variety of issues hamper cytogenetic evaluation in c. 10% of cases [unsuccessful cytogenetics (UC)] and the outcome of these patients is poorly understood. To better define the significance of UC in patients with AML, we compared the baseline characteristics and the prognostic impact of 94 (6%) patients, whose standard metaphase analysis yielded unacceptable results, to the remaining 1403 AML patients with successful cytogenetic analysis treated on successive Southwestern Oncology Group protocols. The incidence of UC increased with age, with peak incidence in patients older than 60 years. These patients had a lower response rate to induction chemotherapy (complete remission rate of 43%) and dismal 5‐year survival rates (16%), which was especially poor in patients older than 60 years (<5%). The complete remission and survival rates were similar to those seen in patients with unfavourable karyotype. The early death rate was not increased. These results suggest that UC increases with age and predict for poor outcomes, similar to the outcomes of patients with unfavourable karyotype.