bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Blurred Lines?” Sexual Aggression and Barroom Culture
Authors: Graham Kathryn , Bernards Sharon , Wayne Osgood D. , Abbey Antonia , Parks Michael , Flynn Andrea , Dumas Tara , Wells Samantha 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundMeeting potential sexual/romantic partners for mutual pleasure is one of the main reasons young adults go to bars. However, not all sexual contacts are positive and consensual, and aggression related to sexual advances is a common experience. Sometimes such aggression is related to misperceptions in making and receiving sexual advances while other times aggression reflects intentional harassment or other sexually aggressive acts. This study uses objective observational research to assess quantitatively gender of initiators and targets and the extent that sexual aggression involves intentional aggression by the initiator, the nature of responses by targets, and the role of third parties and intoxication.MethodsWe analyzed 258 aggressive incidents involving sexual advances observed as part of a larger study on aggression in large capacity bars and clubs, using variables collected as part of the original research (gender, intoxication, intent) and variables coded from narrative descriptions (invasiveness, persistence, targets' responses, role of third parties). Hierarchical linear modeling analyses were used to account for nesting of incidents in evening and bars.ResultsNinety percent of incidents involved male initiators and female targets, with almost all incidents involving intentional or probably intentional aggression. Targets mostly responded nonaggressively, usually using evasion. Staff rarely intervened; patron third parties intervened in 21% of incidents, usually to help the target but sometimes to encourage the initiator. initiators' level of invasiveness was related to intoxication of the targets, but not their own intoxication, suggesting intoxicated women were being targeted.ConclusionsSexual aggression is a major problem in bars often reflecting intentional sexual invasiveness and unwanted persistence rather than misperceptions in sexual advances. Prevention needs to focus on addressing masculinity norms of male patrons and staff who support sexual aggression and better management of the highly sexualized and sexist environments of most bars.
Actions and Interactions of Alcohol and Transforming Growth Factor β1 on Prepubertal Hypothalamic Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone
Authors: Srivastava Vinod K. , Hiney Jill K. , Dees William L. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAlcohol (ALC) diminishes gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and delays puberty. Glial transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) plays a role in glial–neuronal communications facilitating prepubertal GnRH secretion. We assessed the effects of acute ALC administration on TGFβ1‐induced GnRH gene expression in the brain preoptic area (POA) and release of the peptide from the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH). Furthermore, we assessed actions and interactions of TGFβ1 and ALC on an adhesion/signaling gene family involved in glial–neuronal communications.MethodsPrepubertal female rats were administered ALC or water via gastric gavage at 7:30 am. At 9:00 am, saline or TGFβ1 (100 ng/3 μl) was administered into the third ventricle. At 3:00 pm, the POA was removed and frozen for gene expression analysis and repeated for protein assessments. In another experiment, the MBH was removed from ALC‐free rats. After equilibration, tissues were incubated in Locke's medium only or medium containing TGFβ1 with or without 50 mM ALC for measurement of GnRH peptide released in vitro.ResultsTGFβ1 induced GnRH gene expression in the POA, and this effect was blocked by ALC. We also described the presence and responsiveness of the TGFβ1 receptor in the POA and showed that acute ALC exposure not only altered the TGFβ1‐induced increase in TGFβ‐R1 protein expression but also the activation of receptor‐associated proteins, Smad2 and Smad3, key downstream components of the TGFβ1 signaling pathway. Assessment of an adhesion/signaling family consisting of glial receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta and neuronal contactin‐associated protein‐1 (Caspr1) and contactin showed that the neuronal components were induced by TGFβ1 and that ALC blocked these effects. Finally, TGFβ1 was shown to induce release of the GnRH peptide in vitro, an action that was blocked by ALC.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated glial‐derived TGFβ1 induces GnRH gene expression in the POA and stimulates release of the peptide from the MBH, actions necessary for driving the pubertal process. Importantly, ALC acted at both brain regions to block stimulatory effects of TGFβ1. Furthermore, ALC altered neuronal components of an adhesion/signaling family previously shown to be expressed on GnRH neurons and implicated in glial–GnRH neuronal communications. These results further demonstrate detrimental effects of ALC at puberty.
A meta‐analysis of ethnic differences in pathways to care at the first episode of psychosis
Authors: Anderson K. K. , Flora N. , Archie S. , Morgan C. , McKenzie K. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveWe sought to systematically review the literature on ethnic differences in the likelihood of general practitioner (GP) involvement, police involvement, and involuntary admission on the pathway to care of patients with first‐episode psychosis (FEP).MethodWe searched electronic databases and conducted forward and backward tracking to identify relevant studies. We calculated pooled odds ratios (OR) to examine the variation between aggregated ethnic groups in the indicators of the pathway to care.ResultsWe identified seven studies from Canada and England that looked at ethnic differences in GP involvement (n = 7), police involvement (n = 7), or involuntary admission (n = 5). Aggregated ethnic groups were most often compared. The pooled ORs suggest that Black patients have a decreased likelihood of GP involvement (OR = 0.70, 0.57–0.86) and an increased likelihood of police involvement (OR = 2.11, 1.67–2.66), relative to White patients. The pooled ORs were not statistically significant for patients with Asian backgrounds (GP involvement OR = 1.23, 0.87–1.75; police involvement OR = 0.86, 0.57–1.30). There is also evidence to suggest that there may be ethnic differences in the likelihood of involuntary admission; however, effect modification by several sociodemographic factors precluded a pooling of these data.ConclusionEthnic differences in pathways to care are present at the first episode of psychosis.
Angiogenic factors and uterine Doppler velocimetry in early‐ and late‐onset preeclampsia
Authors: Tobinaga Clarissa M. , Torloni Maria R. , Gueuvoghlanian‐Silva Bárbara Y. , Pendeloski Karen P.T. , Akita Patrícia A. , Sass Nelson , Daher Silvia 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess correlations between maternal serum levels of pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic factors with uterine perfusion in women with early‐ compared with late‐onset preeclampsia, and in healthy pregnant women.DesignCase‐control study.SettingAntenatal care clinic located within a hospital (São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil).PopulationWe enrolled 54 preeclamptic and 54 healthy control women who were coming for routine ultrasound at 28–36 weeks' gestation.MethodsAll participants had uterine artery and umbilical Doppler studies and a blood sample to assess maternal serum levels of soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1, soluble endoglin, adiponectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1. All angiogenic factors were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Main outcome measuresLevels of pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic factors in maternal serum, and uterine artery Doppler findings.ResultsConcentrations of soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 and soluble endoglin were significantly higher in preeclamptic than control women (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively), especially in those with early‐onset (<34 weeks) preeclampsia. These two anti‐angiogenic mediators were significantly correlated with increased uterine artery Doppler in the preeclamptic women. Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 levels were significantly higher in preeclampsia (p = 0.03) but unrelated to uterine artery resistance. Adiponectin levels were similar in cases and controls, independent of body mass index and unrelated to uterine artery resistance.ConclusionPreeclamptic patients have increased soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 and soluble endoglin serum levels and this increase is directly correlated with uterine artery resistance, especially in those with early‐onset preeclampsia.
Sustaining the Financial Value of Global CSR: Reconciling Corporate and Stakeholder Interests in a Less Regulated Environment
Authors: Blodgett Mark S. , Hoitash Rani , Markelevich Ariel 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this article we examine the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm value. This line of research is important since firms continue to invest in CSR even though past studies reveal a limited linkage between financial value and CSR. However, the business case for CSR or “doing good while making a profit,” appears to be advancing within the business ethics literature as a preferred conception of CSR. We conjecture that the greater unification and refinement of both profit maximization and stakeholder interests through corporate acts, not statements alone, will sustain the financial value of CSR in a less regulated global business environment. We study the triangle of what companies say, what companies do, and firm financial performance. We analyze Fortune 250 firms and find a positive association between what companies do based on KLD Research and Analytics, Inc. (KLD) ratings, and what companies state about ethics in their CSR statements. We then employ regression analysis and find that companies’ socially responsible acts are positively associated with overall firm value and financial performance. Yet we do not find a statistically significant association between what companies say regarding ethics in their CSR statements and their financial outcomes. These results suggest that firm value and financial performance is associated with what companies do and not what they say. Our results seem to be driven by multinational corporations (MNCs) and not by non‐MNCs. This is possibly because MNCs generally operate in a less regulated global business environment that often necessitates strong ethical corporate leadership to further stakeholder interests. Overall, these results help reconcile corporate and stakeholder objectives since evidence of a link between financial performance and doing good sustains global CSR.
Environmental Concerns in the Marcellus Shale
Authors: Beaver William 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHydraulic fracturing used to remove natural gas from the Marcellus Shale has raised environmental concerns in the region both in terms of air and water pollution. This article will examine those concerns and how the natural gas industry has responded to them. After discussing the issues related to groundwater contamination and air quality. I discuss industry responses and how the costs and harm associated with fracking could be reduced, with the knowledge that despite opposition from environmental groups, fracking will continue. The hope is that more drillers will begin to operate in a socially responsible manner that will allow companies to be profitable while limiting harm to the environment and to individuals living near drilling sites.
Clinical performance of serum isoform [‐2]proPSA (p2PSA), and its derivatives %p2PSA and the Prostate Health Index, in men aged <60 years: results from a multicentric European study
Authors: Fossati Nicola , Lazzeri Massimo , Haese Alexander , McNicholas Thomas , de la Taille Alexandre , Buffi Nicolò Maria , Lughezzani Giovanni , Gadda Giulio Maria , Lista Giuliana , Larcher Alessandro , Abrate Alberto , Mistretta Francesco , Bini Vittorio , Redorta Joan Palou , Graefen Markus , Guazzoni Giorgio 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that [‐2]proPSA (p2PSA) and its derivatives are more accurate than total prostate‐specific antigen (tPSA), free prostate‐specific antigen (fPSA) and fPSA as percentage of tPSA (%fPSA) in detecting prostate cancer (PCa) in men aged <60 years.Patients and MethodsThe analysis consisted of a nested case–control study from the PRO‐ PSA Multicentric European Study (PROMEtheuS) project. The primary outcomes were measures of sensibility, specificity and accuracy of serum p2PSA, p2PSA as percentage of fPSA (%p2PSA) and Beckman Coulter prostate health index (PHI) in men aged <60 years who had undergone a prostate biopsy. The potential reduction in the number of unnecessary biopsies and the characteristics of the potentially missed PCa cases were reported as secondary outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression models were complemented by predictive accuracy and decision‐curve analyses.ResultsOf the 1036 patients enrolled in the PROMEtheus project, 238 (22.9%) were aged < 60 years. PCa was found in 67 subjects (28.1%); p2PSA, %p2PSA and PHI values were significantly higher (P < 0.001) among these subjects, while no differences were found in tPSA, fPSA and %fPSA values. On univariate analysis, %p2PSA (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.704) and PHI (AUC: 0.7) were the most accurate predictors, and these significantly outperformed tPSA (AUC: 0.549), fPSA (AUC: 0.511) and %fPSA (AUC: 0.557) in the prediction of PCa at biopsy (P ≤ 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression models, %p2PSA and PHI achieved independent predictor status and significantly increased the accuracy of multivariate models by 6.3 and 7.6%, respectively (P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionPHI and %p2PSA are more accurate than the reference standard tests in predicting PCa in young men.
Gene expression profiling of Epstein–Barr virus‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the elderly reveals alterations of characteristic oncogenetic pathways
Authors: Kato Harumi , Karube Kennosuke , Yamamoto Kazuhito , Takizawa Jun , Tsuzuki Shinobu , Yatabe Yasushi , Kanda Teru , Katayama Miyuki , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Ishitsuka Kenji , Okamoto Masataka , Kinoshita Tomohiro , Ohshima Koichi , Nakamura Shigeo , Morishima Yasuo , Seto Masao 
Published: March 2014

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the elderly (EBV[+]DLBCL‐E) is classified as a subtype of DLBCL. Until now, its molecular pathogenesis has remained unknown. To identify pathways characteristic of EBV(+)DLBCL‐E, gene expression profiling of five EBV(+)DLBCL‐E and seven EBV‐negative DLBCL (EBV[−]DLBCL) cases was undertaken using human oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis and gene ontology analysis showed that gene sets of the Janus kinase‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK‐STAT) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathways were enriched in EBV(+)DLBCL‐E cases. To confirm the results of the expression profiles, in vitro analysis was performed. Expression profiling analysis showed that high activation of the JAK‐STAT and NF‐κB pathways was induced by EBV infection into DLBCL cell lines. Activation of the NF‐κB pathway was confirmed in EBV‐infected cell lines using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Western blot analysis revealed an increased protein expression level of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in an EBV‐infected cell line. Protein expression of phosphorylated STAT3 was frequently observed in lymphoma cells of EBV(+)DLBCL‐E clinical samples using immunohistochemistry (EBV[+]DLBCL‐E: 80.0% [n = 20/25] versus EBV[−]DLBCL: 38.9% [n = 14/36]; P = 0.001). The results of the present study suggest that activation of the JAK‐STAT and NF‐κB pathways was characteristic of EBV(+)DLBCL‐E, which may reflect the nature of EBV‐positive tumor cells. Targeting these pathways as therapies might improve clinical outcomes of EBV(+)DLBCL‐E.
Biobanks and personalized medicine
Authors: Olson J.E. , Bielinski S.J. , Ryu E. , Winkler E.M. , Takahashi P.Y. , Pathak J. , Cerhan J.R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe provide a mini‐review of how biobanks can support clinical genetics in the era of personalized medicine. We discuss types of biobanks, including disease specific and general biobanks not focused on one disease. We present considerations in setting up a biobank, including consenting and governance, biospecimens, risk factor and related data, informatics, and linkage to electronic health records for phenotyping. We also discuss the uses of biobanks and ongoing considerations, including genotype‐driven recruitment, investigations of gene–environment associations, and the re‐use of data generated from studies. Finally, we present a brief discussion of some of the unresolved issues, such as return of research results and sustaining biobanks over time. In summary, carefully designed biobanks can provide critical research and infrastructure support for clinical genetics in the era of personalized medicine.
Building a Language‐Independent Discourse Parser using Universal Networking Language
Authors: Navaneethakrishnan Subalalitha Chinnaudayar , Parthasarathi Ranjani 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDiscourse parsing has become an inevitable task to process information in the natural language processing arena. Parsing complex discourse structures beyond the sentence level is a significant challenge. This article proposes a discourse parser that constructs rhetorical structure (RS) trees to identify such complex discourse structures. Unlike previous parsers that construct RS trees using lexical features, syntactic features and cue phrases, the proposed discourse parser constructs RS trees using high‐level semantic features inherited from the Universal Networking Language (UNL). The UNL also adds a language‐independent quality to the parser, because the UNL represents texts in a language‐independent manner. The parser uses a naive Bayes probabilistic classifier to label discourse relations. It has been tested using 500 Tamil‐language documents and the Rhetorical Structure Theory Discourse Treebank, which comprises 21 English‐language documents. The performance of the naive Bayes classifier has been compared with that of the support vector machine (SVM) classifier, which has been used in the earlier approaches to build a discourse parser. It is seen that the naive Bayes probabilistic classifier is better suited for discourse relation labeling when compared with the SVM classifier, in terms of training time, testing time, and accuracy.
Application of single shot free‐breathing fast imaging employing steady state sequence in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wang Lidong , Cheng Liuquan , Fang Fang , Han Xiaodong , Liu Aishi , Ma Lin , Gao Peiyi , Niu Guangming 
Published: March 2014

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the imaging quality of single shot (SS) fast imaging employing steady state (FIESTA) sequence in contrast‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) examination, in comparison with the segmented inversion recovery 2D fast gradient echo (IR FGRE) sequence.Materials and methodsFifty‐two cases with suspected or known heart disease were enrolled in this study, including 24 patients who had enhanced myocardium in myocardial delayed enhancement (MDE). We analyzed the imaging quality of the sequences by measuring the myocardium and blood pool signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR) and the contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNR) of blood pool relative to normal myocardium and of enhanced myocardium relative to normal myocardium and compared the new sequences with traditional sequence.ResultsThe scanning time of SS FIESTA was significantly shortened as compared to IR FGRE. The differences in the image quality scores, enhanced myocardium (EM) mass and percentages, SNR(bp), SNR(myo), CNR(myo/bp) and CNR(l/bg) were not statistically significant between SS FIESTA and IR FGRE (P>0·05). However, the difference in CNR(em/myo) was statistically significant between SS FIESTA and IR FGRE (P<0·0001), with CNR(em/myo) of IR FGRE higher than SS FIESTA.ConclusionSingle shot FIESTA speeded up the acquisition time, halving it to (27·6 ± 1·8 s) instead of 146 + 13·8 s (IR FGRE), it had higher SNR and CNR, and its image quality did not differ significantly from IR FGRE. The SS FIESTA is more suitable for patients with severely heart diseases or those unable to hold breath. 3D IR FGRE sequence had higher SNR(myo) than the others and it is suitable for displaying the subendocardial scar. However, it has more artefacts and poor imaging quality than IR FGRE.
Histologically proven non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and clinically related factors in recipients after liver transplantation
Authors: Kim Hyeyoung , Lee Kyoungbun , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Yi Nam‐Joon , Lee Hae Won , Hong Geun , Choi YoungRok , You Tae , Suh Suk‐Won , Jang Ja June , Suh Kyung‐Suk 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a substantial proportion of the world population, and its prevalence has been increasing. The study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence and peri‐transplant risk factors for post‐liver transplantation (LT) NAFLD. A retrospective review was performed for adult recipients who underwent late protocol biopsy (>1 yr after LT) between August 2010 and December 2012. Hepatic steatosis was reviewed and graded by hepatopathologists, and the peri‐transplant factors were analyzed for relationships to histologically proven NAFLD. Total 166 biopsies had been performed in 156 recipients. NAFLD was present in 27.1% at a mean period of 35.4 months between LT and biopsy, moderate and severe steatosis (≥33%) consisted of 28.9%. In multivariate analysis, pre‐LT alcoholic cirrhosis (odds ratio [OR] 8.031, p = 0.003), obesity at biopsy (OR 3.873, p = 0.001), and preexisting donor graft steatosis (OR 3.147, p = 0.022) were significant risk factors for post‐LT NAFLD. In conclusion, NAFLD represented a considerable portion of recipients, but this prevalence was not higher than those for general population. Three risk factors were significantly related to post‐LT NAFLD, and recipients with those factors should be monitored for NAFLD. Furthermore, possible progression to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or fibrosis and metabolic syndrome should be considered in future studies.
Risk of serious gastrointestinal bleeding in living kidney donors
Authors: Thomas Sonia M. , Lam Ngan N. , Huang Anjie , Nash Danielle M. , Prasad G. V. , Knoll Gregory A. , Koval John J. , Lentine Krista L. , Kim S. Joseph , Alam Ahsan , Lok Charmaine E. , Treleaven Darin J. , Garg Amit X. ,   the Donor Nephrectomy Outcomes Research (DONOR) Network
Published: March 2014

AbstractIndividuals with moderate‐to‐severe reduced renal function have greater risk of gastrointestinal bleeding than those with normal renal function. We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study to assess whether living kidney donors share a similar risk. We reviewed pre‐donation charts for living kidney donations from 1992 to 2009 in Ontario, Canada, and linked this information to healthcare databases. We selected healthy non‐donors from the general population and matched ten non‐donors to every donor. Of the 2009 donors and 20 090 matched non‐donors, none had evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding prior to cohort entry. The cohort was followed for a median of 8.4 yr (maximum 19.7 yr; loss to follow‐up <7%). There was no significant difference in the rate of hospitalization with gastrointestinal bleeding in donors compared to non‐donors (18.5 vs. 14.9 events per 10 000 person‐years; rate ratio 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85–1.81). Similar results were obtained when we assessed the time to first hospitalization with gastrointestinal bleeding (hazard ratio 1.25, 95% CI 0.87–1.79). In conclusion, we found living kidney donation was not associated with a higher risk of hospitalization with gastrointestinal bleeding. These results are reassuring for the safety of the practice.