bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatal torment – From psychosis-driven index offence to trauma: A case study in forensic psychotherapy, trauma therapy and matricide
Authors: Kayrouz Rony , Vrklevski Lila Petar 
Published: December 2014

Objective: This paper presents the case of a forensic inpatient who was found ‘Not Guilty by Reason of Mental Illness’ for the murder of his mother and illustrates how psychotic symptoms can mask trauma symptoms, leading to neglect in the treatment of trauma in psychotherapy with forensic inpatients. Method: A case study of a forensic inpatient diagnosed with schizophrenia that as part of his rehabilitation program received 19 sessions of therapy (i.e. grief counselling, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) and imagery rescripting). The following measures were administered pre- and post-treatment: (a) The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), to measure symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress; (b) The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), to measure post-traumatic stress symptoms; and (c) The Trauma Attachment and Beliefs Scale (TABS), to measure disruption in beliefs about self and others. Results: At completion of therapy, he showed a reduction in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Conclusions: Trauma and PTSD-related symptoms in the forensic inpatient population must be assessed and treated alongside psychotic symptoms, where relevant. TF-CBT was effective in reducing PTSD symptoms in this current case study and should be considered as an intervention in forensic inpatient populations.
GNB3 and FTO Polymorphisms and Pregnancy Weight Gain in Black Women
Authors: Groth Susan W. , Morrison-Beedy Dianne 
Published: December 2014

Background: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is a modifiable risk factor for obesity in women. Black women have the greatest prevalence of high body mass, which predisposes them to excessive GWG. Increased understanding of genetic influences on GWG has implications for the health of women. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations of GNB3 and FTO risk alleles in pregnant women with prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG, and postpartum and infant birth weights. Research design and Methods: This was an observational, prospective candidate gene association study. Pregnant, low-income Black women ( N = 97) were enrolled in early pregnancy and followed until 6 months postpartum. Results: GWG differed depending on number of FTO risk alleles. The mean 6-month postpartum BMI differed, although not significantly, by 4 kg/m2 between homozygous women. There was an interaction between the FTO risk allele and prepregnancy BMI ( p = .022), with obese homozygote AA women having significantly higher mean GWG than obese TT women. When controlling for age and smoking, the FTO gene and physical activity predicted GWG ( p = .032). Although not statistically significant, women who carried the GNB3 T risk allele gained 6 pounds more than noncarriers, and mean 6-month postpartum BMI differed by 2.2 kg/m2 between homozygous women. Neither the GNB3 nor FTO gene predicted prepregnancy BMI, infant birth weight, or postpartum weight. Conclusion: Obese women homozygous for the FTO risk allele were at greater risk of excessive GWG compared to nonrisk allele homozygous obese women or nonobese women. This study provides evidence of the FTO gene’s effect on GWG in Black women.
A Modification of Andresen Appliance Therapy
Authors: Hewitt A. B. 
Published: December 2014

A modification of Andresen appliance therapy has been described with the incorporation of an anterior oral screen which isolates the anterior teeth from the vestibular musculature. The main points of interest are the rate of overjet reduction, the simplicity of construction and virtual absence of adjustment which rendered this appliance suitable in areas where orthodontic treatment was severely limited.
The Effect on the Relapse of Orthodontically Rotated Teeth of Surgical Division of the Gingival Fibres—Pericision
Authors: Pinson R. R. , Strahan J. D. 
Published: December 2014

The surgical division of the gingival fibres around a rotated tooth has been recommended as a method of reducing the amount of relapse that occurs subsequent to orthodontic alignment. In the present study, the amount of relapse is measured in a group of patients in which the gingival fibres had been sectioned following alignment of rotated teeth and compared with a group in which there had been no surgical intervention after tooth alignment. A reduction in the amount of rotational relapse is demonstrated and an optimum period of retention is suggested.
The Oblique Lateral Jaw Radiograph
Authors: Adams C. P. 
Published: December 2014

The Oblique Lateral Jaw Radiograph has been used as a routine diagnostic x-ray view for many years as an aid to orthodontic diagnosis and for the assessment of the positions of unerupted third molar teeth. Many methods for obtaining clear undistorted views of the teeth have been suggested from a freehand setting up of film, patient and x-ray tube, to the use of simple orientated devices. The present article describes a method of standardizing the relationship of film and x-ray tube to one another so that it is only necessary for the radiographer thereafter to place the patient on the film area in a manner depending on whether a view. is required of the third molars only or of the complete upper and lower buccal segments.
Communication in the Clinical Setting
Authors: Ley P. 
Published: December 2014

Recent research on the problem of communicating with the patient is reviewed. It is shown that the frequent failures of both informative and persuasive communications are due in part to patients not understanding and to their forgetting what they are told. Factors making for difficulties in communication are outlined, and methods are described for reducing failures of understanding and for increasing memory of what is said. Evidence on the effectiveness of these remedial methods is presented.
Soft Tissue Response to Upper Incisor Retraction in Boys
Authors: Wisth Per Johan 
Published: December 2014

The paper describes the lip morphology and treatment changes in two groups of boys with slight (3–4 mm) and marked (8–10 mm) overjets. The results show that the initial morphological differences are greatest in the lower lip and these are maintained even after treatment. In individuals with a small overjet, the upper lip response is more closely related to the degree of incisor retraction than in individuals with marked overjet. Correction of the great overjets results in approximately similar upper and lower lip retraction. The results generally show great variability, and thus indicate that prediction of soft tissue changes in an individual case is difficult.
Facial Asymmetries and Mandibular Displacements
Authors: Plint D. A. , Ellisdon P. S. 
Published: December 2014

The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part Facial Asymmetries are classified with special reference to the mandible, and mandibular displacements. In the second part the diagnosis of mandibular displacement associated with facial asymmetry is discussed, including the clinical and radiographic interpretation and the treatment problems involved. In the conclusion the main points of the article are summarized.
The Effect of Social Factors on Referrals for Orthodontic Advice and Treatment
Authors: Jenkins Patricia M. , Feldman B. S. , Stirrups D. R. 
Published: December 2014

All patients with information related to social class who were referred to the Orthodontic Department of Glasgow Dental Hospital over a 5-year period were investigated in this study. This referred population is different from the general population with proportionally fewer of the lower social classes. Social class did not affect the distance travelled to receive advice or treatment. However, proportionally more patients from social Classes I and V received complicated therapy.
Nailbiting: Frequency and Association with Root Resorption during Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Odenrick Lars , Brattström Viveca 
Published: December 2014

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the incidence and intensity of nailbiting and its possible role in root resorption during orthodontic treatment. A sample of 1365 boys and girls, aged 13–15 years old, were investigated about their nailbiting habits. The possible effect of nailbiting on root resorption during orthodontic treatment was evaluated by radiographic examination of two groups, matched with regard to overjet, age, sex, length and type of orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances, one group consisting of 21 severe nailbiters and the other a group of 21 patients without the habit. Replies to questionnaires distributed to 340 boys and girls showed that the incidence of nailbiting was 45 per cent. The habit of severe nailbiting among 1025 of the children investigated was registered in 14·3 per cent. There was no significant difference regarding the habit between boys and girls. The apical root resorption index was significantly higher in the severe nailbiters before ( p<0·01) and after ( p<0·001) orthodontic treatment.
The Function Regulator III: Effects and Indications for Use
Authors: Loh M. K. , Kerr W. J. S. 
Published: December 2014

Analysis of 20 cases of Class III malocclusion treated with the FR.III showed that correction of the anterior crossbite was effected by adjustment of incisor inclinations and backward rotation or repositioning the mandible accompanied by an increase in face height. Subjects which responded most favourably to the FR.III were those with severe Class III malocclusion and a deep incisor overbite.
The Treatment of Bimaxillary Protrusion
Authors: Keating P. J. 
Published: December 2014

Thirty bimaxillary protrusion cases, who had four first premolars extracted were compared with thirty Class I malocclusion cases who, likewise, had similar extractions and treatment. The changes, both in incisor relationships and the concurrent soft tissue profiles are documented. During treatment, the inter-incisal angle was increased by 20° and relapsed by 4° post-treatment. The protruberance of the soft tissue profile was significantly reduced by 4° concurrently (Holdaway Angle). It is concluded that worthwhile treatment objectives can be achieved in these cases.
Cephalometric Landmark Identification within the Petrous Temporal Region
Authors: Chate R. A. C. 
Published: December 2014

The literature is reviewed regarding the errors associated with relocating cephalometric petrous temporal landmarks. An experimental cranial fixation device, to be used with cephalostat ear rods that subsequently ‘hinge away’, is presented. Twenty-five consecutive cephalograms taken by this method (Group B) are compared with another two groups of 25 radiographs. The second group (Group A) constitutes those taken with perspex ear rods in situ, whilst the third group (Group C) constitutes those with wooden ear rods. The variance ratios demonstrate that the error in relocating most of the petrous temporal landmarks is significantly greater in Group B, when compared to either Group A or C. In comparing these latter two groups, the variance in Group A is greater for all these landmarks, significantly so for condylion and porion. Some possible factors contributing to these findings are discussed. It would seem that wooden ear rods produce less error in the relocation of the petrous temporal landmarks; that the absence of ear rods produces greater error; and that the presence of perspex ear rods increases the error in the relocation of anatomical porion.
A Test for Occlusal Function
Authors: Omar S. M. , McEwen J. D. , Ogston S. A. 
Published: December 2014

A sample consisting of 50 adult subjects aged between 21–23 years was assessed for their masticatory ability, by the use of a masticatory efficiency test. The occlusal status was assessed from study models using five occlusal indices. The scores obtained from the masticatory efficiency tests were correlated to those obtained from the occlusal analyses, using a correlation coefficient test. Significant correlations were found between the two scores. A multiple regression analysis was used to predict the masticatory efficiency from the occlusal scores. The findings revealed that only a small proportion of the masticatory efficiency could be predicted. This suggested that factors other than those used in these indices may have an effect on the masticatory efficiency.
An Investigation of the Features of the Pre-term Infant Palate and the Effect of Prolonged Orotracheal Intubation with and without Protective Appliances
Authors: Ash S. P. , Moss J. P. 
Published: December 2014

The features of premature low birth weight infant palates were examined. Babies of less than 32 weeks gestation at birth were compared with 30 who had required orotracheal intubation for ten or more days. By random selection half of these babies were fitted with a protective supporting appliance during the intubation phase. Prolonged orotracheal intubation was shown to be associated with narrowing, deepening and some anterior elongation of the developing palate. The protective appliance was shown to reduce the extent of these changes and provided an additional means of orotracheal tube support.
Adult Cephalometric Norms for Saudi Arabians with a Comparison of Values for Saudi and North American Caucasians
Authors: Shalhoub S. Y. , Sarhan Omar A. , Shaikh H. S. 
Published: December 2014

When considering orthognathic surgery for adult Saudi Arabians, there are as yet no cephalometric norms available for use during treatment planning. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken for 48 Saudi adult patients (24 males, 24 females). All showed reasonably normal dental relationship, with no severe antero-posterior, vertical or transverse skeletal discrepancies. The age range was from 20 to 46 years. Angular and linear measurements were recorded and compared to a similar sample of North American caucasians. A set of cephalometric values for male and female Saudis were established and the differences between these and a North American sample are highlighted.
A Reflex Plotter Investigation into the Dimensional Stability of Alginate Impressions following Disinfection by Varying Regimes Employing 2·2 per Cent Glutaraldehyde
Authors: Jones M. L. , Newcombe R. G. , Barry G. , Bellis H. , Bottomley J. 
Published: December 2014

Alginate impressions of an acrylic study cast pair were disinfected to a variety of regimes using 2·2 per cent glutaraldehyde. A number of linear measurements on the resultant plaster study casts were made using a Reflex Plotter to assess the effect on the dimensional stability of the casts. Significant differences were found for a number of the variables measured. Quantitatively these differences were small and of limited clinical significance; they may, however, be of greater significance where serial records are being collected for research.
Class III Malocclusion: A Cephalometric Study of Saudi Arabians
Authors: Toms Andrew P. 
Published: December 2014

The records of 500 consecutive Saudi Arabian patients referred for orthodontic treatment were examined clinically and cephalometrically for Class III malocclusion. A control group was drawn at random from the same sample. The incidence of Class III was 9·4 per cent, with mandibular prognathism being the commonest presentation of the malocclusion. The upper and lower incisors exhibited a marked degree of dentoalveolar compensation, on dental bases having mean values of SNA—78·77° and SNB—81·17°. The maxillary length was reduced, as were the saddle and maxillary—mandibular plane angles. The gonial angle (ArGoMe), anterior and posterior facial heights, and mandibular lengths (ArGo, ArPo) were all significantly larger than the control group. The cephalometric values of the control group showed the increased tendency to bimaxillary protrusion in the Saudi Arabian sample.
A Cephalometric Study to Compare the Effects of Cervical Traction and Andresen Therapy in the Treatment of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion
Authors: Derringer Kathryn 
Published: December 2014

Absolute distal movement of upper first molars together with distal tipping, but no significant extrusion, occurred with cervical traction. Distal movement of the maxillary first molars was more stable in the group where maxillary 2nd molars had been extracted. With Andresen treatment a restraining effect took place on the upper molars, while mesial movement of the lower first molars contributed to correction of the molar relationship.
A Comparison of Three Bracket Bases: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Smith N. R. , Reynolds I. R. 
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in mean tensile bond strength between three groups of orthodontic bracket bases; coarse mesh (Dentaurum), fine mesh (A-Company), and an undercut base (Dynalok). Due to microscopic differences seen in the course mesh bases, these were further sub-divided into rough, smooth, and defective mesh groups, and tested in a double blind trial. All brackets were bonded to plastic cylinders with a highly filled composite resin (Concise) and tested to failure on an Instron universal testing machine. No significant differences in mean tensile bond strength were seen between the rough, smooth, and defective coarse mesh bases. The fine mesh base showed significantly higher mean tensile bond strength compared with the coarse, Both meshes performed significantly better than the undercut base.
Treatment Co-operation in Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Brattström Viveca , Ingelsson Mona , Åberg Erika 
Published: December 2014

The aim of the present investigation was to determine the reasons for lack of patient co-operation and premature termination of orthodontic treatment. Over a period of 10 years files at the School of Dentistry, Huddinge, Sweden, showed that 80 patients (4 per cent) terminated treatment prematurely. These patients were interviewed regarding their reasons for not completing treatment. Lack of motivation was the most common reason given. Insufficient information about orthodontic treatment and lack of communication between the orthodontist and patient were the basis for the reasons given. Orthodontists require more knowledge of psychology and should have some training in information communication in order to further reduce the level of discontinued treatments.
Proportional Analysis of the Facial Profile in Natural Head Position in Caucasian and Chinese Children
Authors: Lundström Anders , Cooke Michael S. 
Published: December 2014

A proportional analysis of the facial soft tissue profile in natural head position involving 11 indices(ratios), was applied to 80 Caucasian, and 80 Chinese male and female 12-year-old children in Hong Kong. The analysis is based on the true horizontal and the porion vertical, and has the advantage that its foundation lies on a more stable (less growth affected) region of the head compared to profile soft tissue landmarks. Measurements were made on cephalograms recorded in natural head position. Male subjects were larger than the females for most of the horizontal measurements, but for both population samples the vertical measurements displayed virtually no significant intersex differences at 12 years. No very significant intersex differences were found for the proportional indices. Ethnic differences were mainly found with the horizontal measurements. Relative to the porion vertical the Caucasian children were more protrusive over soft tissue nasion, nose tip, and sulcus labialis superior, whilst the Chinese displayed more protrusion over the lower lip and sulcus labialis inferior. Ethnic proportional differences relative to nasion were combined with a shorter porion-nasion distance in the Chinese as compared with the Caucasian children. The sella-nasion line was found to be more forwards-upwards inclined in Chinese than Caucasian children. It was concluded that a proportional soft tissue profile analysis, based on natural head position, is a useful method for the comparison of ethnic population groups. This study amplified ethnic differences previously reported by Cooke (1986) and Cooke and Wei (1989).
Rationale of Treatment for Class II Division 2 Malocclusion
Authors: Selwyn-Barnett B. J. 
Published: December 2014

Class II, division 2 malocclusion is a clinical entity which presents considerable difficulty in the provision of a stable treatment result. This article sets out the problems encountered, reviews teaching on the subject over a 20-year period and attempts to rationalize the current approach to treatment. The rationale presented shows the three-dimensional nature of the occlusal problem, and discusses the justification for expansion and proclination of lower incisors in relation to soft tissue influences and stability. The importance of correcting edge-centroid relationship and reducing inter-incisor angle is stressed. Non-extraction therapy, with some lower arch expansion and incisor advancement, is recommended and the reasoning behind this is explained with a case example to illustrate the points involved.
A Study of Adult Orthodontic Patients and their Treatment
Authors: Khan R. S. , Horrocks E. N. 
Published: December 2014

This retrospective epidemiological study was undertaken to assess factors related to adult orthodontic treatment and to identify any associated trends. Case records of all patients (676) aged 18 years or over at the start of active orthodontic treatment at the Eastman Dental Hospital, London were examined. Variables associated with patients and their treatment (age, sex, source of referral, malocclusion, type of appliance. and interdisciplinary treatment including orthognathic surgery) were studied and the data analysed statistically. Findings revealed that the number of adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment has increased significantly, especially since 1985. The age of the patients treated was also found to increase in recent years. The percentage of female patients (72 per cent) Class III malocclusions (21·6 per cent) and Class III skeletal bases (26·2 per cent) was higher than found in studies on children. Most of the treatments required fixed appliances and over half involved interdisciplinary treatment, with an increase in the percentage of orthognathic surgical cases. Surgery was significantly more common in males (P < 0·01) and highly significantly associated with Class III malocclusions and skeletal III bases (P < 0·001). Twenty-five per cent of adult patients were found to have had a previous course of orthodontic treatment though these patients were not significantly different from adult patients presenting for the first course of treatment.
A Restorative—Orthodontic Treatment Approach in the Older Patient
Authors: Howat A. P. , Warren K. 
Published: December 2014

This report presents a case requiring a combination of restorative dentistry and orthodontic treatment in a mature adult patient. Occlusal splint and periodontal therapies were used initially. Orthodontic treatment combined the use of the occlusal splint and fixed appliance in the maxillary arch. Sectional fixed appliances were used in the mandibular arch. The final restorations were fixed—movable bridges in the mandibular arch and a removable tooth and mucosally borne prosthesis in the maxilla. Retention of the orthodontic result was provided by the fixed prostheses in the lower arch and the continued wear of a full coverage maxillary occlusal splint at night served to prevent relapse of the upper teeth.