bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyphenols as active ingredients for cosmetic products
Authors: Zillich O. V. , Schweiggert‐Weisz U. , Eisner P. , Kerscher M. 
Published: February 2015

SynopsisPolyphenols are secondary plant metabolites with antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐microbial activity. They are ubiquitously distributed in the plant kingdom; high amounts contain, for example, green tea and grape seeds. Polyphenolic extracts are attractive ingredients for cosmetics and pharmacy due to their beneficial biological properties. This review summarizes the effects of polyphenols in the context of anti‐ageing activity. We have explored in vitro studies, which investigate antioxidant activity, inhibition of dermal proteases and photoprotective activity, mostly studied using dermal fibroblasts or epidermal keratinocytes cell lines. Possible negative effects of polyphenols were also discussed. Further, some physicochemical aspects, namely the possible interactions with emulsifiers and the influence of the cosmetic formulation on the skin delivery, were reported. Finally, few clinical studies, which cover the anti‐ageing action of polyphenols on the skin after topical application, were reviewed.
University choice: which attributes matter when you are paying the full price?
Authors: Walsh Caroline , Moorhouse Jan , Dunnett Andrew , Barry Cornelius 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article presents the results from a longitudinal study of students' choice of university in England. Students were surveyed initially when applying for university (Wave One) and then again when they were about to embark on their chosen course (Wave Two). The results from Wave Two demonstrated a high degree of consistency with the Wave One findings: course and university reputation are far more important and fees are relatively unimportant. However, a key result across both waves was that patterns of utility for students with no parental experience of university were significantly different from students whose parents had attended university. The utility associated with different levels of entry qualifications, of fees and of university and course reputation, differed between social groups. The study suggests that the benefits of going to a highly rated university may be undervalued in families that have no direct experience of higher education. In addition, whilst females are more significantly put off by universities with low entry requirements, the qualitative attitudinal statements included in the follow‐up study seem to indicate that so‐called ‘softer’ factors may also influence their choice.
Prostate‐specific antigen level, stage or Gleason score: Which is best for predicting outcomes after radical prostatectomy, and does it vary by the outcome being measured? Results from Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database
Authors: Mithal Prabhakar , Howard Lauren E , Aronson William J , Kane Christopher J , Cooperberg Matthew R , Terris Martha K , Amling Christopher L , Freedland Stephen J 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the ability of preoperative prostate‐specific antigen level, Gleason score and stage to predict prostate cancer outcomes beyond biochemical recurrence, specifically castration‐resistant prostate cancer, metastases and prostate cancer‐specific mortality in radical prostatectomy patients.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective study of 2735 men in the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database treated by radical prostatectomy from 1988 to 2011 with data available on pathological stage, grade and preoperative prostate‐specific antigen. We used Cox hazards analyses to examine the predictive accuracy (c‐index) of the preoperative prostate‐specific antigen (log‐transformed), path Gleason score (≤7, 3 + 4, 4 + 3 and 8–10) and path stage grouping (pT2 negative margins; pT2 positive margins; pT3a negative margins; pT3a positive margins; pT3b; vs positive nodes) to predict biochemical recurrence, castration‐resistant prostate cancer, metastases and prostate cancer‐specific mortality.ResultsMedian follow up was 8.7 years, during which, 937 (34%) had biochemical recurrence, 108 (4%) castration‐resistant prostate cancer, 127 (5%) metastases and 68 (2%) prostate cancer‐specific mortality. For the outcomes of biochemical recurrence, castration‐resistant prostate cancer, metastases and prostate cancer‐specific mortality, the c‐indices were, respectively: prostate‐specific antigen 0.65, 0.66, 0.64 and 0.69; Gleason score 0.66, 0.83, 0.76 and 0.85; and pathological stage group 0.69, 0.76, 0.72 and 0.80.ConclusionsGleason score can predict with very high accuracy prostate cancer‐specific mortality in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Thus, Gleason score should be given more weight in nomograms to predict prostate cancer‐specific mortality. Furthermore, men with a high Gleason score should be given special consideration for adjuvant treatment or referral to clinical trials because of a higher risk of prostate cancer‐specific mortality. © 2015 The Japanese Urological Association
A strike of ‘unorganised’ workers in a Chinese car factory: the Nanhai Honda events of 2010
Authors: Lyddon Dave , Cao Xuebing , Meng Quan , Lu Jun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis strike in a Chinese factory of the Japanese multinational Honda in 2010 received worldwide coverage. A young workforce sustained an on–off strike, with varying numbers of workers involved, for 19 days. Academic interest has focused on prospects for collective bargaining and union reform in China. This article, using interviews with former strikers, and newspaper sources, analyses the strike process. The workplace union, as a constituent of the All‐China Federation of Trade Unions and subject to the Chinese Party–state, was hostile; so the workers were in effect ‘unorganised’. Examples of non‐union strikes in the interwar car industry of the USA and UK show the similarity of situation with the Honda workers. Hiller's classic text, The Strike, provides a surprisingly suitable framework for understanding strikes of unorganised workers. The strikers' vocabulary ‘framed’ their demands initially as injustice, but incorporated anti‐Japanese sentiment and, then, dignity, in response to events.
Influenza seasonality in Madagascar: the mysterious African free‐runner
Authors: Alonso Wladimir Jimenez , Guillebaud Julia , Viboud Cecile , Razanajatovo Norosoa Harline , Orelle Arnaud , Zhou Steven Zhixiang , Randrianasolo Laurence , Heraud Jean‐Michel 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThe seasonal drivers of influenza activity remain debated in tropical settings where epidemics are not clearly phased. Antananarivo is a particularly interesting case study because it is in Madagascar, an island situated in the tropics and with quantifiable connectivity levels to other countries.ObjectivesWe aimed at disentangling the role of environmental forcing and population fluxes on influenza seasonality in Madagascar.MethodsWe compiled weekly counts of laboratory‐confirmed influenza‐positive specimens for the period 2002 to 2012 collected in Antananarivo, with data available from sub‐Saharan countries and countries contributing most foreign travelers to Madagascar. Daily climate indicators were compiled for the study period.ResultsOverall, influenza activity detected in Antananarivo predated that identified in temperate Northern Hemisphere locations. This activity presented poor temporal matching with viral activity in other countries from the African continent or countries highly connected to Madagascar excepted for A(H1N1)pdm09. Influenza detection in Antananarivo was not associated with travel activity and, although it was positively correlated with all climatic variables studied, such association was weak.ConclusionsThe timing of influenza activity in Antananarivo is irregular, is not driven by climate, and does not align with that of countries in geographic proximity or highly connected to Madagascar. This work opens fresh questions regarding the drivers of influenza seasonality globally particularly in mid‐latitude and less‐connected regions to tailor vaccine strategies locally.
Insulation Failure of the Linox Defibrillator Lead: A Case Report and Retrospective Review of a Single Center Experience
Authors: HOWE ANDREW J. , MCKEAG NICHOLAS A. , WILSON CAROL M. , ASHFIELD KYLE P. , ROBERTS MICHAEL J. 
Published: February 2015

Insulation Failure of the Linox Defibrillator LeadImplantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead insulation failure and conductor externalization have been increasingly reported. The 7.8F silicon‐insulated Linox SD and Linox S ICD leads (Biotronik, Berlin, Germany) were released in 2006 and 2007, respectively, with an estimated 85,000 implantations worldwide. A 39‐year‐old female suffered an out‐of‐hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) arrest with successful resuscitation. An ICD was implanted utilizing a single coil active fixation LinoxSmart S lead (Biotronik, Berlin, Germany). A device‐triggered alert approximately 3 years after implantation confirmed nonphysiological high rate sensing leading to VF detection. A chest X‐ray showed an abnormality of the ICD lead and fluoroscopic screening confirmed conductor externalization proximal to the defibrillator coil. In view of the combined electrical and fluoroscopic abnormalities, urgent lead extraction and replacement were performed. A review of Linox (Biotronik) and Vigila (Sorin Group, Milan, Italy) lead implantations within our center (n = 98) identified 3 additional patients presenting with premature lead failure, 2 associated with nonphysiological sensed events and one associated with a significant decrease in lead impedance. All leads were subsequently removed and replaced. This case provides a striking example of insulation failure affecting the Linox ICD lead and, we believe, is the first to demonstrate conductor externalization manifesting both electrical and fluoroscopic abnormalities.
Commentary: Developmental connectomics to advance our understanding of typical and atypical brain development – a commentary on Vértes and Bullmore (2015)
Authors: Graham Alice M. , Fair Damien A. 
Published: February 2015

Vértes and Bullmore's article lays a framework for applying connectomics, the study of brain function from the perspective of underlying network organization, to advance understanding of healthy and maladaptive brain development. They elucidate the power of connectomics for bridging both different levels of analysis (e.g. from synapses to brain regions) and multiple academic fields. In this commentary, we highlight important themes and remaining questions stemming from Vértes and Bullmore's work, including: (a) the application of connectomics in the context of integrating analyses across multiple spatial and temporal dimensions, (b) the extent to which connectomics might be applied in translational and clinical studies of development, (c) growth connectomics and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, and (d) the importance and complexity of sound methodological practices in applying connectomics to developmental and clinical science. Ongoing work in these areas will be important for fulfilling the promise of connectomics as a bridge between neuroscience, developmental science, and translational and clinical research.
Common Genetic Factors among Sexual Orientation, Gender Nonconformity, and Number of Sex Partners in Female Twins: Implications for the Evolution of Homosexuality
Authors: Burri Andrea , Spector Tim , Rahman Qazi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Homosexuality is a stable population-level trait in humans that lowers direct fitness and yet is substantially heritable, resulting in a so-called Darwinian “paradox.” Evolutionary models have proposed that polymorphic genes influencing homosexuality confer a reproductive benefit to heterosexual carriers, thus offsetting the fitness costs associated with persistent homosexuality. This benefit may consist of a “sex typicality” intermediate phenotype. However, there are few empirical tests of this hypothesis using genetically informative data in humans.

Aim
This study aimed to test the hypothesis that common genetic factors can explain the association between measures of sex typicality, mating success, and homosexuality in a Western (British) sample of female twins.

Methods
Here, we used data from 996 female twins (498 twin pairs) comprising 242 full dizygotic pairs and 256 full monozygotic pairs (mean age 56.8) and 1,555 individuals whose co-twin did not participate. Measures of sexual orientation, sex typicality (recalled childhood gender nonconformity), and mating success (number of lifetime sexual partners) were completed.

Main Outcome Measure
Variables were subject to multivariate variance component analysis.

Results
We found that masculine women are more likely to be nonheterosexual, report more sexual partners, and, when heterosexual, also report more sexual partners. Multivariate twin modeling showed that common genetic factors explained the relationship between sexual orientation, sex typicality, and mating success through a shared latent factor.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that genetic factors responsible for nonheterosexuality are shared with genetic factors responsible for the number of lifetime sexual partners via a latent sex typicality phenotype in human females. These results may have implications for evolutionary models of homosexuality but are limited by potential mediating variables (such as personality traits) and measurement issues.
Efficacy of Intravenous Administration of Combined Acid Suppressants in Healthy Dogs
Authors: Tolbert M.K. , Odunayo A. , Howell R.S. , Peters E.E. , Reed A. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundShort‐term intravenous co‐administration of famotidine and pantoprazole is used by some veterinarians to treat gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill dogs. However, clinical studies have not evaluated the efficacy of combination acid suppressant treatment in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare the effect of intravenous co‐administration of famotidine and pantoprazole to monotherapy with pantoprazole on intragastric pH in dogs. We hypothesized that single agent pantoprazole would be more effective than combination with famotidine.AnimalsTwelve healthy adult colony dogs.MethodsRandomized, 2‐way crossover design. All dogs received placebo (0.9% saline) for 24 hours followed by 1.0 mg/kg IV q12h pantoprazole or combination treatment with famotidine and pantoprazole for 3 consecutive days. Intragastric pH monitoring was used to continuously record intragastric pH for 96 hours beginning on day 0 of treatment. Mean percentage time (MPT) that intragastric pH was ≥3 and ≥4 were compared between groups using ANOVA with a posthoc Tukey‐Kramer test (α = 0.017).ResultsThe MPT ± standard deviation intragastric pH was greater than ≥3 and 4 were 79 ± 17% and 68 ± 17% for pantoprazole and 74 ± 19% and 64 ± 23% for combination treatment, respectively. There were no significant differences in MPT intragastric pH was ≥3 and 4 between groups. Pantoprazole administered alone achieved pH goals established for humans with acid‐related disorders.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThese results suggest that short‐term combination treatment with famotidine and pantoprazole is not superior to pantoprazole alone for increasing intragastric pH in dogs.
Origin, diversification and substrate specificity in the family of NCS1/FUR transporters
Authors: Krypotou Emilia , Evangelidis Thomas , Bobonis Jacob , Pittis Alexandros A. , Gabaldón Toni , Scazzocchio Claudio , Mikros Emmanuel , Diallinas George 
Published: February 2015

SummaryNCS1 proteins are H+/Na+ symporters specific for the uptake of purines, pyrimidines and related metabolites. In this article, we study the origin, diversification and substrate specificity of fungal NCS1 transporters. We show that the two fungal NCS1 sub‐families, Fur and Fcy, and plant homologues originate through independent horizontal transfers from prokaryotes and that expansion by gene duplication led to the functional diversification of fungal NCS1. We characterised all Fur proteins of the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans and discovered novel functions and specificities. Homology modelling, substrate docking, molecular dynamics and systematic mutational analysis in three Fur transporters with distinct specificities identified residues critical for function and specificity, located within a major substrate binding site, in transmembrane segments TMS1, TMS3, TMS6 and TMS8. Most importantly, we predict and confirm that residues determining substrate specificity are located not only in the major substrate binding site, but also in a putative outward‐facing selective gate. Our evolutionary and structure‐function analysis contributes in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional diversification of eukaryotic NCS1 transporters, and in particular, forward the concept that selective channel‐like gates might contribute to substrate specificity.
The receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinase PCRK1 contributes to pattern‐triggered immunity against Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Sreekanta Suma , Bethke Gerit , Hatsugai Noriyuki , Tsuda Kenichi , Thao Amanda , Wang Lin , Katagiri Fumiaki , Glazebrook Jane 
Published: February 2015

Summary

In this paper we describe PATTERN‐TRIGGERED IMMUNITY (PTI) COMPROMISED RECEPTOR‐LIKE CYTOPLASMIC KINASE 1 (PCRK1) of Arabidopsis thaliana, an RLCK that is important for defense against the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 (Pma ES4326).

We examined defense responses such as bacterial growth, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and callose deposition in pcrk1 mutant plants to determine the role of PCRK1 during pathogen infection.

Expression of PCRK1 was induced following pathogen infection. Pathogen growth was significantly higher in pcrk1 mutant lines than in wild‐type Col‐0. Mutant pcrk1 plants showed reduced pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) against Pma ES4326 after pretreatment with peptides derived from flagellin (flg22), elongation factor‐Tu (elf18), or an endogenous protein (pep1). Deposition of callose was reduced in pcrk1 plants, indicating a role of PCRK1 in activation of early immune responses. A PCRK1 transgene containing a mutation in a conserved lysine residue important for phosphorylation activity of kinases (K118E) failed to complement a pcrk1 mutant for the Pma ES4326 growth phenotype.

Our study shows that PCRK1 plays an important role during PTI and that a conserved lysine residue in the putative kinase domain is important for PCRK1 function.
Intralesional injection of corticosteroid for treatment of central giant cell lesions: case report and literature review
Authors: de Oliveira L.J. , Lehman L.F.C. , Gomez R.S. , Castro W.H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe aimed to report a case of a central giant cell lesion in the anterior region of the mandible that was treated by intralesional corticosteroid injections. We also performed a review of the literature related to this condition. The patient was a 37 year‐old woman who was referred to our hospital. Treatment consisted of 10 intralesional injections of Theracort 40 mg/mL (Theraskin Farmacêutica Ltda., São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil) [triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/mL) suspension; 1 mL] and 2% lidocaine (1.8 mL) with adrenaline (1:100 000 dilution). Injections were administered via a needle (27 gauge, 1/2 inch) at different sites and depths within the lesion every 15 days. The patient was followed up for 32 months. Complete healing of the lesion was confirmed by clinical examination and imaging. No evidence of recurrence or side effects related to the corticosteroid treatment was noted. Intralesional injections of corticosteroids should be considered as an alternative to surgery. Such therapy is simple, less aggressive and less expensive, and avoids the aesthetic and functional damage associated with aggressive surgical treatment.
Feasibility of Transseptal Puncture Using a Nonfluoroscopic Catheter Tracking System
Authors: MANSOUR MOUSSA , AFZAL MUHAMMAD R. , GUNDA SAMPATH , PILLARISETTI JAYASREE , HEIST KEVIN , ACHA MOSHE RAV , HEARD MICHAEL , RUSKIN JEREMY , LAKKIREDDY DHANUNJAYA 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundRadiation exposure in the electrophysiology lab is a major occupational hazard to the electrophysiologists. A catheter localization system (MediGuide Technology, St. Jude Medical Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA) allows the integration of electroanatomical mapping and x‐ray imaging, and has been shown to be effective in reducing radiation exposure during several electrophysiological procedures. We intended to evaluate the feasibility of this catheter tracking system to guide transseptal (TS) access.MethodsThe feasibility of performing TS puncture with MediGuide (MDG) was assessed in a prospective observational study in 16 patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. These patients were compared to 16 matched patients undergoing similar procedures during the same time frame using conventional approach. There were no differences in mean age, gender distribution, and body mass index between the two groups. Total duration of fluoroscopic exposure during TS puncture was compared between the two groups.ResultsAll patients underwent successful TS puncture. Fluoroscopy time for double TS puncture using the MDG system was significantly lower than the control group (0.48 ± 0.17 minutes vs. 5.9 ± 0.65 minutes; P < 0.0001). No major complications occurred during the procedures in either group.ConclusionsTS puncture can be successfully performed using MDG, and results in significant reduction in radiation exposure.
Assessments of salt tolerance in a bottle gourd line expressing the Arabidopsis H+‐pyrophosphatase AVP1 gene and in a watermelon plant grafted onto a transgenic bottle gourd rootstock
Authors: Han Jeung‐S. , Park Kyeung I. , Jeon Su M. , Park Sunghun , Naing Aung H. , Kim Chang K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this study, we developed transgenic bottle gourd lines expressing the Arabidopsis H+‐pyrophosphatase AVP1 gene and confirmed the stable integration of AVP1 in the genomes of bottle gourd T2 homozygous lines and its transcription. Additional analyses of the AVP1‐expressing lines indicated that AVP1 expression in bottle gourds could improve salt tolerance in the greenhouse, as the lines maintained higher relative water content under salt stress regime. Moreover, the axillary shoots of AVP1‐expressing lines recovered gradually when the soil was desalinized, whereas wild‐type plants died. Watermelon plants grafted onto the transgenic bottle gourd rootstock also exhibited greater salt tolerance than those grafted onto wild‐type bottle gourd rootstock, by generating higher biomasses and photosystem II quantum yields. Therefore, the expression of AVP1 enhanced salt tolerance in the bottle gourd, and the use of a rootstocks improved by genetic engineering is one of the effective methods in improving the agronomic traits of watermelon.