bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of bi-phase dispersible core-shell FeAu@ZnO magneto-opto-fluorescent nanoparticles
Authors: Li Xue-Mei , Liu Hong-Ling , Liu Xiao , Fang Ning , Wang Xian-Hong , Wu Jun-Hua 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBi-phase dispersible core-shell FeAu@ZnO magneto-opto-fluorescent nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified nanoemulsion process using poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEO-PPO-PEO) as the surfactant. The morphology and crystal structure of the nanoparticles were studied by TEM/HRTEM and XRD. The nanoparticles manifest soft ferromagnetic and/or near superparamagnetic behavior with a small coercivity of ~19 Oe at room temperature. The corresponding magnetic hysteresis curves were elucidated by the modified Langevin equation. The FTIR study confirms the PEO-PPO-PEO molecules on the surface of the nanoparticles. The UV-vis and PL results reveal the well-behaved absorption bands including surface plasmon resonance and multiple visible fingerprint photoluminescent emissions of the nanoparticles dispersed in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvents. Moreover, the processes of solvent dispersion-collection of the nanoparticles were demonstrated for application readiness of such core-shell nanostructures.
Late Eocene white pines (Pinus subgenus Strobus) from southern China
Authors: Xu Qingqing , Zhou Wenjun , Kodrul Tatiana M. , Naugolnykh Serge V. , Jin Jianhua 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFossil records indicate that the genus Pinus L. split into two subgenera by the Late Cretaceous, although subgenus Strobus (D. Don) Lemmon is less well documented than subgenus Pinus L., especially in eastern Asia. In this paper, Pinus maomingensis sp. nov. is established based on a compressed seed cone from the upper Eocene of the Maoming Basin of southern China. This species is attributed to genus Pinus, subgenus Strobus, section Quinquefoliae Duhamel, subsection Strobus Loudon based on the combination of morphological characters obtained from the cone scales, specifically from the terminal umbo, rhombic apophysis and cuticle structure. Associated fascicles of needle leaves with deciduous sheaths and bulbous bases are recognized as Pinus sp. and also represent Pinus subgenus Strobus. This new discovery from the Maoming Basin constitutes the first megafossil record of subgenus Strobus from southern China and implies that the members of this subgenus arrived in the southern region of China by the late Eocene. The extant species of subgenus Strobus are mainly distributed in northern temperate and tropical to subtropical mountainous regions. We propose that the Maoming Basin was adjacent to a mountainous region during the late Eocene.
A novel approach of high speed scratching on silicon wafers at nanoscale depths of cut
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Guo Dongming , Wang Bo , Kang Renke , Zhang Bi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this study, a novel approach of high speed scratching is carried out on silicon (Si) wafers at nanoscale depths of cut to investigate the fundamental mechanisms in wafering of solar cells. The scratching is conducted on a Si wafer of 150 mm diameter with an ultraprecision grinder at a speed of 8.4 to 15 m/s. Single-point diamonds of a tip radius of 174, 324 and 786 nm, respectively, are used in the study. The study finds that at the onset of chip formation, an amorphous layer is formed at the topmost of the residual scratch, followed by the pristine crystalline lattice beneath. This is different from the previous findings in low speed scratching and high speed grinding, in which there is an amorphous layer at the top and a damaged layer underneath. The final width and depth of the residual scratch at the onset of chip formation measured vary from 288 to 316 nm and from 49 to 62 nm, respectively. High pressure phases are absent from the scratch at the onset of either chip or crack formation.
Recurring flood distribution patterns related to short-term Holocene climatic variability
Authors: Benito Gerardo , Macklin Mark G. , Panin Andrei , Rossato Sandro , Fontana Alessandro , Jones Anna F. , Machado Maria J. , Matlakhova Ekaterina , Mozzi Paolo , Zielhofer Christoph 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMillennial- and multi-centennial scale climate variability during the Holocene has been well documented, but its impact on the distribution and timing of extreme river floods has yet to be established. Here we present a meta-analysis of more than 2000 radiometrically dated flood units to reconstruct centennial-scale Holocene flood episodes in Europe and North Africa. Our data analysis shows a general increase in flood frequency after 5000 cal. yr BP consistent with a weakening in zonal circulation over the second half of the Holocene and with an increase in winter insolation. Multi-centennial length phases of flooding in UK and central Europe correspond with periods of minimum solar irradiance, with a clear trend of increasing flood frequency over the last 1000 years. Western Mediterranean regions show synchrony of flood episodes associated with negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation that are out-of-phase with those evident within the eastern Mediterranean. This long-term flood record reveals complex but geographically highly interconnected climate-flood relationships and provides a new framework to understand likely future spatial changes of flood frequency.
Flexible navigation response in common cuckoos Cuculus canorus displaced experimentally during migration
Authors: Willemoes Mikkel , Blas Julio , Wikelski Martin , Thorup Kasper 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMigrating birds follow innate species-specific migration programs capable of guiding them along complex spatio-temporal routes, which may include several separate staging areas. Indeed, migration routes of common cuckoosCuculus canorusshow little variation between individuals; yet, satellite tracks of 11 experimentally displaced adults revealed an unexpected flexibility in individual navigation responses. The birds compensated for the translocation to unfamiliar areas by travelling toward population-specific staging areas, demonstrating true navigation capabilities. Individual responses varied from travelling toward the first stopover in northern Europe to flying toward the Central-African winter grounds, the latter including several stopovers in unfamiliar areas. Apparently, the cuckoos possess spatial knowledge far beyond their population-specific flyway scale and make individual decisions likely based on an assessment of perceived gain and cost of alternative route options.
Spoof surface plasmon polaritons in terahertz transmission through subwavelength hole arrays analyzed by coupled oscillator model
Authors: Yin Shan , Lu Xinchao , Xu Ningning , Wang Shuang , E. Yiwen , Pan Xuecong , Xu Xinlong , Liu Hongyao , Chen Lu , Zhang Weili , Wang Li 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBoth the localized resonance and excitation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons are observed in the terahertz transmission spectra of periodic subwavelength hole arrays. Analyzing with the coupled oscillator model, we find that the terahertz transmission is actually facilitated by three successive processes: the incident terahertz field first initiates the localized oscillation around each hole and then the spoof surface plasmon polaritons are excited by the localized resonance and finally the two resonances couple and contribute to the transmission. Tailoring the localized resonance by hole size, the coupling strength between spoof surface plasmon polaritons and localized resonances is quantitatively extracted. The hole size dependent transmittance and the coupling mechanism are further confirmed by fitting the measured spectra to a modified multi-order Fano model.
Microsphere integrated microfluidic disk: synergy of two techniques for rapid and ultrasensitive dengue detection
Authors: Hosseini Samira , Aeinehvand Mohammad M. , Uddin Shah M. , Benzina Abderazak , Rothan Hussin A. , Yusof Rohana , Koole Leo H. , Madou Marc J. , Djordjevic Ivan , Ibrahim Fatimah 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe application of microfluidic devices in diagnostic systems is well-established in contemporary research. Large specific surface area of microspheres, on the other hand, has secured an important position for their use in bioanalytical assays. Herein, we report a combination of microspheres and microfluidic disk in a unique hybrid platform for highly sensitive and selective detection of dengue virus. Surface engineered polymethacrylate microspheres with carefully designed functional groups facilitate biorecognition in a multitude manner. In order to maximize the utility of the microspheres’ specific surface area in biomolecular interaction, the microfluidic disk was equipped with a micromixing system. The mixing mechanism (microballoon mixing) enhances the number of molecular encounters between spheres and target analyte by accessing the entire sample volume more effectively, which subsequently results in signal amplification. Significant reduction of incubation time along with considerable lower detection limits were the prime motivations for the integration of microspheres inside the microfluidic disk. Lengthy incubations of routine analytical assays were reduced from 2 hours to 5 minutes while developed system successfully detected a few units of dengue virus. Obtained results make this hybrid microsphere-microfluidic approach to dengue detection a promising avenue for early detection of this fatal illness.
Olfaction and topography, but not magnetic cues, control navigation in a pelagic seabird: displacements with shearwaters in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Pollonara Enrica , Luschi Paolo , Guilford Tim , Wikelski Martin , Bonadonna Francesco , Gagliardo Anna 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPelagic seabirds wander the open oceans then return accurately to their habitual nest-sites. We investigated the effects of sensory manipulation on oceanic navigation in Scopoli’s shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea) breeding at Pianosa island (Italy), by displacing them 400 km from their colony and tracking them. A recent experiment on Atlantic shearwaters (Cory’s shearwater, Calonectris borealis) breeding in the Azores indicated a crucial role of olfaction over the open ocean, but left open the question of whether birds might navigate by topographical landmark cues when available. Our experiment was conducted in the Mediterranean sea, where the availability of topographical cues may provide an alternative navigational mechanism for homing. Magnetically disturbed shearwaters and control birds oriented homeward even when the coast was not visible and rapidly homed. Anosmic shearwaters oriented in a direction significantly different from the home direction when in open sea. After having approached a coastline their flight path changed from convoluted to homeward oriented, so that most of them eventually reached home. Beside confirming that magnetic cues appear unimportant for oceanic navigation by seabirds, our results support the crucial role of olfactory cues for birds’ navigation and reveal that anosmic shearwaters are able to home eventually by following coastal features.
A novel function of the human oncogene Stil: Regulation of PC12 cell toxic susceptibility through the Shh pathway
Authors: Li Lei , Carr Aprell L. , Sun Lei , Drewing Audrey , Lee Jessica , Rao Zihe 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe human oncogene SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus (Stil) is highly conserved in vertebrate species. Here, we report new findings of Stil in the regulation of toxic susceptibility in mammalian dopaminergic (DA)-like PC12 cells. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Stil expression did not affect the survival of proliferating PC12 cells but caused a significant amount of cell death in differentiated neurons after toxic drug treatment. In contrast, overexpression of Stil increased toxic susceptibility only in proliferating cells but produced no effect in mature neurons. Exogenetic inactivation or activation of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling transduction mimicked the effect of Stil knockdown or overexpression in regulation of PC12 cell toxic susceptibility, suggesting that Stil exerts its role through the Shh pathway. Together, the data provide evidence for novel functions of the human oncogene Stil in neural toxic susceptibility.
Ratiometric and colorimetric near-infrared sensors for multi-channel detection of cyanide ion and their application to measure β-glucosidase
Authors: Xing Panfei , Xu Yongqian , Li Hongjuan , Liu Shuhui , Lu Aiping , Sun Shiguo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA near-infrared sensor for cyanide ion (CN−) was developed via internal charge transfer (ICT). This sensor can selectively detect CN− either through dual-ratiometric fluorescence (logarithm of I414/I564 and I803/I564) or under various absorption (356 and 440 nm) and emission (414, 564 and 803 nm) channels. Especially, the proposed method can be employed to measure β-glucosidase by detecting CN− traces in commercial amygdalin samples.
Excess salt exacerbates blood-brain barrier disruption via a p38/MAPK/SGK1-dependent pathway in permanent cerebral ischemia
Authors: Zhang Tongshuai , Fang Shaohong , Wan Cong , Kong Qingfei , Wang Guangyou , Wang Shuangshuang , Zhang Haoqiang , Zou Haifeng , Sun Bo , Sun Wei , Zhang Yao , Mu Lili , Wang Jinghua , Wang Jing , Zhang Haiyu , Wang Dandan , Li Hulun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHigh salt diet (HSD) is one of the most important risk factors that contribute to many vascular diseases including ischemic stroke. One proposed mechanism underlying the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediated by HSD is indirectly through enhancing blood pressure. The direct role of HSD on BBB integrity is unclear. Our purpose is to determine whether and how HSD might be involved in BBB breakdown during ischemia. To test that, we induced model of cerebral ischemia by permanent middle cerebral artery ligation (pMCAL) in either normal diet or HSD fed mice. We observed that HSD significantly enhanced ischemic brain damage which was associated with enhanced BBB disruption, increased leukocytes infiltration and loss of tight junction (TJ) proteins expression without apparently altering blood pressure. Our in vitro experiment also revealed that sodium chloride (NaCl) treatment down-regulated TJ protein expression by endothelial cells and substantially increased BBB permeability during starvation. Inhibition of p38/MAPK/SGK1 pathway eliminated the effect of NaCl on BBB permeability in vitro. In addition, we noticed a positive correlation between urinary sodium levels and ischemic lesion size in stroke patients. Together, our study demonstrates a hypertension-independent role of HSD during ischemia and provides rationale for post cerebral ischemic attack management.
A potential prognostic long non-coding RNA signature to predict metastasis-free survival of breast cancer patients
Authors: Sun Jie , Chen Xihai , Wang Zhenzhen , Guo Maoni , Shi Hongbo , Wang Xiaojun , Cheng Liang , Zhou Meng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in a variety of biological processes and dysregulated lncRNAs have demonstrated potential roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer prognosis and treatment. In this study, by repurposing microarray probes, we analyzed lncRNA expression profiles of 916 breast cancer patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Nine lncRNAs were identified to be significantly associated with metastasis-free survival (MFS) in the training dataset of 254 patients using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. These nine lncRNAs were then combined to form a single prognostic signature for predicting metastatic risk in breast cancer patients that was able to classify patients in the training dataset into high- and low-risk subgroups with significantly different MFSs (median 2.4 years versus 3.0 years, log-rank test p < 0.001). This nine-lncRNA signature was similarly effective for prognosis in a testing dataset and two independent datasets. Further analysis showed that the predictive ability of the signature was independent of clinical variables, including age, ER status, ESR1 status and ERBB2 status. Our results indicated that lncRNA signature could be a useful prognostic marker to predict metastatic risk in breast cancer patients and may improve upon our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis.
Spectral estimation of terahertz time‐domain signals using a simple parametric method
Authors: Sanjuan F. , Galarza C. 
Published: November 2015

A simple method for spectral estimation of terahertz signals using an autoregressive model is developed. The technique shows a better spectral variance and resolution over the use of the Fast Fourier Transform, which is commonly utilised in this kind of signal. The results are validated comparing the water vapour absorption lines and the standard deviation of a set of 24 measurements between methods. As a consequence of improving the signal variance, a better signal‐to‐noise ratio is achieved without enhancing the experiment. Such result also produces an increase in the signal bandwidth and less error when optical parameters are estimated.
Specific identification and quantification of circular RNAs from sequencing data
Authors: Cheng Jun , Metge Franziska , Dieterich Christoph 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMotivation: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a poorly characterized class of molecules that have been identified decades ago. Emerging high-throughput sequencing methods as well as first reports on confirmed functions have sparked new interest in this RNA species. However, the computational detection and quantification tools are still limited.Results: We developed the software tandem, DCC and CircTest. DCC uses output from the STAR read mapper to systematically detect back-splice junctions in next-generation sequencing data. DCC applies a series of filters and integrates data across replicate sets to arrive at a precise list of circRNA candidates. We assessed the detection performance of DCC on a newly generated mouse brain data set and publicly available sequencing data. Our software achieves a much higher precision than state-of-the-art competitors at similar sensitivity levels. Moreover, DCC estimates circRNA versus host gene expression from counting junction and non-junction reads. These read counts are finally used to test for host gene-independence of circRNA expression across different experimental conditions by our R package CircTest. We demonstrate the benefits of this approach on previously reported age-dependent circRNAs in the fruit fly.Availability and implementation: The source code of DCC and CircTest is licensed under the GNU General Public Licence (GPL) version 3 and available from https://github.com/dieterich-lab/[DCC or CircTest].Contact: christoph.dieterich@age.mpg.deSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A decision-theoretic phase I–II design for ordinal outcomes in two cycles
Authors: Lee Juhee , Thall Peter F. , Ji Yuan , Müller Peter 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper is motivated by a phase I–II clinical trial of a targeted agent for advanced solid tumors. We study a stylized version of this trial with the goal to determine optimal actions in each of two cycles of therapy. A design is presented that generalizes the decision-theoretic two-cycle design of Lee and others (2015. Bayesian dose-finding in two treatment cycles based on the joint utility of efficacy and toxicity. Journal of the American Statistical Association, to appear) to accommodate ordinal outcomes. Backward induction is used to jointly optimize the actions taken for each patient in each of the two cycles, with the second action accounting for the patient's cycle 1 dose and outcomes. A simulation study shows that simpler designs obtained by dichotomizing the ordinal outcomes either perform very similarly to the proposed design, or have much worse performance in some scenarios. We also compare the proposed design with the simpler approaches of optimizing the doses in each cycle separately, or ignoring the distinction between cycles 1 and 2.
Substituted Compliance: The Emergence, Challenges, and Evolution of a New Regulatory Paradigm
Authors: Jackson Howell E. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Over the past few decades, the US Securities and Exchange Commission experimented with a number of different approaches to relaxing Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules to facilitate entry of foreign firms into US capital markets. Initially, the SEC favoured an approach I denominate as modified national treatment, under which foreign firms were allowed exemption from a limited number of specific US requirements that were likely to conflict with, or be redundant with respect to, regulatory requirements in their home jurisdictions. In general, these exemptions were available regardless of the quality of home country oversight. Sometimes those exemptions were available only for transactions with large institutional investors located in the USA. Starting in 2007, the Commission began to comtemplate more far-reaching acceptance of foreign regulatory oversight, most prominently in an approach that came to be known as substituted compliance. A hallmark of substituted compliance was that it was to be selective, and thus available only to those jurisdictions that the Commission determined to be substantially comparable to US regulatory oversight. In the face of the Global Financial Crisis in 2008, the Commission backed away from its initial experiment with substituted compliance, but the exercise still offers an interesting content in which to consider the manner in which the Commission might have determined the comparability of foreign regulatory systems. This essay explores the various analytical options available for making such supervisory assessments. It then concludes with some preliminary thoughts on what might be called ‘second-generation’ substituted compliance, which the SEC and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission have begun to employ in the past few years to limit the extraterritorial application of certain provisions of the Dodd–Frank Act.
A National Assessment on Patient Safety Curricula in Undergraduate Medical Education: Results From the 2012 Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine Survey
Authors: Jain C. Charles , Aiyer Meenakshy K. , Murphy Elizabeth , Alper Eric A. , Durning Steven , Aldag Jean , Torre Dario 
Published: November 2015

Objectives
Patient safety is a cornerstone of quality patient care, and educating medical students about patient safety is of growing importance. This investigation was a follow-up to a 2006 study to assess the current status of patient safety curricula within undergraduate medical education in North America with the additional goals of identifying areas for improvement and barriers to implementation.

Methods
Thirteen items regarding patient safety were part of the 2012 Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine annual survey. Questions addressed curriculum content, delivery, and barriers to implementation.

Results
Ninety-nine clerkship directors (82%) responded. Forty-one (45.6%) reported that their medical school had a patient safety curriculum taught during medical school as compared with 25% in a 2006 survey. Fifteen (20%) reported satisfaction with students' level of safety competency at the end of the clerkship. Barriers to implementation included lack of faculty time (n = 57, 78.1%), lack of trained faculty (n = 47, 65.3%), and lack of a mandate from school's dean's office (n = 27, 38.0%).

Conclusions
Our study found that less than half of North American medical schools have a formal patient safety curriculum; although this is higher than in 2006, it still exemplifies a major gap in undergraduate medical education.