bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PL01: Screening mammography and overdiagnosis
Authors: Welch HG 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Cancer screening involves trade-offs. Screening offers the potential benefit of avoiding advanced cancer and subsequent cancer death. It also produces the harms of false alarms, overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. Because different individuals value these benefits and harms differently, there is no single calculation to answer the question of what to do.
The trade-off of benefits and harms is present in screening mammography. The reduction in breast cancer mortality identified in the original randomized trials has likely been diminished by subsequent – and substantial – improvements in treatment. The rate of false positives can be high – particularly in the United States. Less familiar is the harm of overdiagnosis: the detection of early cancers that are not destined to ever cause clinicaldisease. Because women given the diagnosis of “cancer” are generally treated, overdiagnosis is rarely directly observed. Instead, inferences about overdiagnosis are based on indirect evidence: long-term follow-up of randomized trials and changes in stage-specific incidence over time. There is no single “right” number to describe the magnitude of either the benefits or harms of screening mammography and there is no single “right” value to assign to the various outcomes. Consequently, screening mammography is a choice – not a public health imperative.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr PL01.
Abstract S1-10: Disparities in the estimates of benefits and harms from mammography: Are the numbers really different?
Authors: Smith RA , Duffy S , Chen TH-H , Yen AMF , Tabar L 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
It is generally accepted that screening with mammography prevents deaths from breast cancer, although debate continues about the absolute size of the mortality benefit, and the concomitant risks associated with screening. A number of recent observational studies have claimed to find low rates of benefit in terms of reducing mortality rates or late stage disease, and high rates of overdiagnosis, defined as the diagnosis by screening of cancer which would not have been diagnosed in the patient's lifetime if screening had not taken place. These publications have achieved a high profile in the mass media and stimulated further debate. We review the apparent disparities between different reviews of the effects of mammography screening on mortality from breast cancer and on overdiagnosis. The four major reviews are the UK Independent Review, the Nordic Cochrane review, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) review, and the EUROSCREEN review. The estimated number needed to screen/invite to prevent one death from breast cancer ranges from 111 to 2000, almost a 20-fold range. The estimated number required varies by age group, whether the intervention described is actual screening or invitation to screening, follow-up time and other factors. To assess whether these represent genuine disagreements or whether the differences are mainly due to such factors as follow-up time and target population, we converted all four to pertain to the same scenario as used in the UK Independent Review, that is to the effect of screening for 20 years from age 50 to 69 on breast cancer mortality in ages 55-79, in a UK population. When all four reviews are converted to the UK review scenario, the range of absolute benefits is now only 2.5-fold rather than 20-fold. Thus, the differences between the reviews with respect to the absolute breast cancer mortality reduction are almost entirely due to expressing the same basic result relative to different denominators, choice of population mortality rates, etc. Thus, the so-called controversy over the benefit of mammography screening as estimated from the trials is largely contrived. When expressed relative to the same denominator, with the same screening and follow-up periods, and using the same absolute mortality rates, absolute benefit estimates are all of the same order of magnitude, and all indicate a substantial reduction in breast cancer mortality with screening. While there are genuine disagreements about overdiagnosis, methods which adjust for lead time and underlying incidence trends yield estimates which are modest and are outweighed by the mortality benefit.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S1-10.
Abstract S2-05: 10-yr follow-up results of occult detected sentinel node disease: NSABP B-32, a randomized phase III clinical trial to compare sentinel node resection (SNR) to conventional axillary dissection (AD) in clinically node-negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Julian TB , Anderson SJ , Krag DN , Weaver DL , Costantino JP , Ashikaga T , Harlow SP , Mamounas EP , Wolmark N 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: NSABP B-32, the largest surgical prospective randomized phase III trial was designed to compare overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and morbidity between SNR alone versus SNR + AD in SN negative (-) pts. This trial also had the opportunity to investigate the clinical significance of occult metastatic disease in sentinel nodes. We present the 10-yr data of the occult metastatic disease secondary endpoint outcomes analysis.
Methods: 5,611 women with operable, clinically N0, invasive breast cancer were randomized to SNR + AD (G1) or to SNR alone with AD only if SNs were positive (G2). Pathologically negative sentinel nodes underwent a blinded detailed central pathology review using IHC stains for detection of occult metastatic disease. These findings were then analyzed for their effects on outcomes.
Results: At 10 yrs, there continues to be no significant difference in OS (HR: 1.09, p = 0.35), DFS (HR: 1.02, p = 0.72), or local/regional recurrence (HR: 0.96, p = 0.77) between G1 and G2. Local-regional recurrences were 4.3% (G1) and 4.0% (G2) with axillary recurrences at 0.2% and 0.5% respectively. Median time on study was 131.1 months. Of the 5,611 pts., 3,989 were SN- and 3,986 (99.9%) of these SN- pts had follow-up information (G1: 1,975, G2: 2,011). 3,884 of these patients underwent blinded IHC analyses (1,924 [G1] and 1,960 [G2]). 616 patients were found to have sentinel node occult metastatic disease: 316 (16.4%) from G1 and 300 (15.3%) from G2. There was a nearly significant difference in OS between the occult and non-occult metastases groups (HR: 1.26, p = 0.06), and a significant difference in DFS between the two groups (HR: 1.24, p = 0.01) was found. Local-regional recurrence was not significantly different (HR: 0.8, p = 0.52). Occult local regional recurrences were 32 of the study total 165 (19.3%) with only 5 axillary recurrences in G2 related to SN occult detected disease. No statistical differences were found between the occult groups with and without axillary dissection for OS (HR: 0.98, p = 0.91) or DFS (HR: 0.82, p = 0.2).
Conclusions: Although occult metastatic disease was detected in H&E negative sentinel nodes, its presence had no significant impact on OS, DFS, or local-regional recurrences in the large group of 5,611 patients. Specifically, in Group 2 with SN only, the 15.3% of pts with IHC positive nodes caused no significant impact on axillary failures. IHC use is not routinely recommended.
Support: PHS grants: NSABP: U10CA-12027, U10CA-37377, U10CA-69651, U10CA-69974; VT Ca Cntr: P30 CA22435; DNK: 5RO1CA074137 NCI Dpt HHS.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S2-05.
Abstract S3-01: Breast cancer prevention using anastrozole in postmenopausal women at high risk
Authors: Cuzick J , Sestak I , Forbes JF , Dowsett M , Knox J , Cawthorn S , Saunders C , Roche N , Mansel RE , von Minckwitz G , Bonanni B , Palva T , Howell A 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: Third generation aromatase inhibitors are the most effective endocrine treatment for hormone receptor positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Here, we assess the efficacy of anastrozole in postmenopausal women who do not have breast cancer, but are at high risk of developing the disease.
Methods: A multi-centre randomised placebo-controlled trial of 1mg/day oral anastrozole vs. matching placebo for five years was conducted in 3864 postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer. The primary endpoint was the incidence of breast cancer (including ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) and differences were assessed by the proportional hazards model. Detailed information on adverse events was collected.
Results: After a median follow up of 5.03 years, 125 breast cancers were recorded. A 53% reduction (95% CI (32-68%), P&lt;0.0001) was seen in the anastrozole arm. Significant reductions were seen for all invasive (50%), oestrogen receptor positive invasive (58%) and in situ tumours (70%). Fractures were non-significantly higher (8.5% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.3) and musculoskeletal events were significantly higher in the anastrozole arm (1226 vs. 1124, RR = 1.10 (1.05-1.16)) but were very common in both arms (63.9% vs. 57.8%). Vasomotor symptoms were also increased with anastrozole (RR = 1.15 (1.08-1.22)). Cancers at other sites were significantly decreased (40 vs. 70, RR = 0.58 (0.39-0.85)). Deaths from breast cancer and other causes were similar in both arms.
Conclusions: Anastrozole is an effective agent for reducing breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women at high risk. Anastrozole was well tolerated and side effects associated with oestrogen deprivation were only slightly higher than for placebo.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S3-01.
Abstract A13: Closing the gap with podcast communication: Reducing health disparities through video podcasts utilization of breast and prostate cancer messages in the Tampa Bay community.
Authors: Moore Mezelle , Standifer Maisha , Baldwin Julie , Wathington Deanna , Sneed Kevin , Brown Kaylynn 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Two learning objectives: 1) To disseminate research and cancer education using novel delivery methods in consideration of culture, language and literacy. 2) To gather demographical data and perceptions of cancer prevention and screening from viewers in the Tampa Bay Community.
Podcasting may provide an effective approach to disseminating educational and empowering cancer survivorship messages to underserved populations. The Community Engagement and Outreach Core (CEOC) of the Center for Equal Health (CEH) is currently utilizing podcasts to address health disparities in the Tampa Bay Community, Florida and beyond. As a tool of community-based participatory research (CBPR), the CEH podcasts aim to distribute key cancer prevention and research messages while utilizing innovative delivery methods, taking into account culture, language and literacy. The podcasts include seven, 5-minute individual interviews with local breast and prostate cancer survivors from diverse backgrounds, and they are available to any user through iPad and computer access. YouTube, Facebook, along with the CEH web site are current online media outlets as of 2012, where visitors can choose which interview(s) they wish to view. A short questionnaire designed via SurveyMonkey follows each interview, gathering demographical data and perceptions from viewers, including thoughts on cancer and screening options. Podcasts are also designed to be added to the USF Health iTunesU repertoire. Target populations include selected medically underserved areas (MUAs), including white, African American, Hispanic and Caribbean populations in the 3-county metropolitan area. Additionally, bilingual messages are incorporated, taking into account language and literacy. The innovative design and portability of the CEH podcasts allow them to be utilized via IPad by CEOC Community Health Advisors when conducting community talking circles and health fairs within the diverse settings. Quantitative and qualitative research data will be highlighted during the presentation. These data are collected for viewer feedback and to analyze the strategic placement of this newly implemented community cancer resource.
Citation Format: Mezelle Moore, Maisha Standifer, Julie Baldwin, Deanna Wathington, Kevin Sneed, Kaylynn Brown. Closing the gap with podcast communication: Reducing health disparities through video podcasts utilization of breast and prostate cancer messages in the Tampa Bay community. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A13.
Abstract A15: The role of family communication in cancer screening practices.
Authors: Hammad Adnan , Williams Karen Patricia , Zambrana Ruth E. , Meghea Cristian 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Black and Latina women experience the highest disparities in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer and breast cancer mortality in spite of lower incidence than non-Hispanic white women. Among diverse and low literacy populations, family centered networks represent an important mechanism for communication about health concerns, including preventive screening practices. The purpose of the study is to examine the associations between family communication, demographic factors, and breast and cervical cancer health literacy.
Black (n=216), Latina (n=65), and Arab (n=233) women enrolled in a randomized trial of Kin KeeperSM, a cancer prevention intervention delivered by community health workers. Self-reported family communication scores (FACES) were cross-tabulated with age, education, literacy scores and presence of grandmother. Analyses were replicated by race and ethnicity.
Black and Arab women are the most likely to have a college degree or more and also the most likely to rate their health as excellent compared to Latina respondents. Blacks had the lowest family communication scores while Arabs had the highest family communication scores. Among Blacks, lower FACES score associated with lower cervical cancer literacy and with presence of a grandmother. FACES scores were higher among those who had lower educational attainment(less than a high school degree) and lower among all race/ethnic groups who rated their health status as poor.
The unique contribution of this study is the inclusion of Arab women and its focus on family communication scores. The implications of these data are that for low-income diverse groups there are disparities in family communication, and that family network is an important and viable resource for the transmission of health cancer literacy information.
Note: This abstract was withdrawn after the Program and Proceedings were printed and was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Adnan Hammad, Karen Patricia Williams, Ruth E. Zambrana, Cristian Meghea. The role of family communication in cancer screening practices. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A15.
Abstract A17: Improving cancer screening behaviors in Texas-Mexico border communities through targeted screening interventions.
Authors: Hurd Thelma C. , Rangel Lourdes , Sunil Thankam , Mika-Seguin Virginia , Moore Frank , Garcia Otila , Jones Lovell 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) provide an increasing proportion of primary care services but have had historically low cancer screening rates for underserved women. This study was conducted to determine whether the Texas Esperanza y Vida project, an ongoing, community based breast and cervical cancer education/screening program increased screening among Hispanic women. Fifty-four women (median age range 50-59) recruited from Gateway Community Health Center (FQHC), Laredo TX which employs a patient centered care model, attended a 2 hour Esperanza y Vida program taught by promotoras and completed a survey at the program and 8 weeks later. Women reported an annual income &lt;10,000 (44.4%), middle school or less education (66%) and insurance status (self-pay 31.7%). Reported mammography and Pap rates during the prior 12 months were high, 68.3% and 76.9% respectively, but 5 year guideline concordant screening rates low (breast 24.1%, cervical 39.2%). Most or all of the breast/cervical information was new to 52.2% of women and 21.2% had never had a mammogram compared to 3.7% for Pap testing. Breast self-exam increased 21% (64.2-85.2%) and mammography 4% (51.9-55.8%) within 8 weeks of attending the program. 77.1% asked their provider about test results and 83.8% of patients received their results from their provider. However, only 21.4% questioned their provider after receiving the results despite perceived strong provider support. Cost was the only significant screening barrier. The Esperanza y Vida program improved screening practices among highly underserved women, increased mammogram screening and can positively affect the patient-provider interaction in short term follow-up.
Citation Format: Thelma C. Hurd, Lourdes Rangel, Thankam Sunil, Virginia Mika-Seguin, Frank Moore, Otila Garcia, Lovell Jones. Improving cancer screening behaviors in Texas-Mexico border communities through targeted screening interventions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A17.
Abstract A35: Metabolomic profiling and the biochemical basis of prostate cancer racial disparity.
Authors: Vareed Shaiju Kakkandan , Panzitt Katrin , Basu Sumanta , Putluri Vasanta , Dorsey Tiffany , Wallace Tiffany , Putluri Nagireddy , Mohammed Sayeeduddin , Ittmann Michael , Kittles Rick , Michailidis George , Ambs Stefan , Palapattu Ganesh , Sreekumar Arun 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
African American (AA) men have an approximately 60% higher incidence of prostate cancer and are at 2 times greater risk of dying of prostate cancer than European Americans (EA). Environmental and socio-economic factors as well as a number of genetic alterations have been previously interrogated as possible explanations for this disparity. Currently, little is known about the specific biological pathway differences in prostate cancer between AA and EA men that may help explain the greater burden borne by AA men with this disease.
In this study, we seek to unravel and compare the prostate cancer metabolome of AA and EA men by employing state of the art metabolomic profiling and bioinformatic techniques. Based on the premise that metabolites are end products of enzyme action, we sought to identify a racially distinct biochemical signature for prostate cancer.
Fifty-six prostate cancer tissue samples from AA and EA men and their adjacent benign tissues (i.e., matched normal/tumor pairs) were analyzed using an unbiased liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry approach. Differential metabolites were mapped into pathways and combined with bioinformatics-based bioprocess mapping to categorize metabolic differences observed in cancers of AA and EA origin. Our data indicate a specific and largely mutually exclusive metabolic signature for AA and EA derived prostate cancers. These findings may have important clinical implications and, importantly, shed new light on the biological basis of prostate cancer racial disparity.
Citation Format: Shaiju Kakkandan VareedKatrin Panzitt, Sumanta Basu, Vasanta Putluri, Tiffany Dorsey, Tiffany Wallace, Nagireddy Putluri, Sayeeduddin Mohammed, Michael Ittmann, Rick Kittles, George Michailidis, Stefan Ambs, Ganesh Palapattu, Arun Sreekumar. Metabolomic profiling and the biochemical basis of prostate cancer racial disparity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A35.
Abstract A48: Does quality of life among cancer survivors differ by socioeconomic status?
Authors: Medeiros Elizabeth A. , Rodriguez Barbara , Castaneda Sheila F. , Gonzalez Patricia , Karagianes Alicia , Buelna Christina , Holscher Jessica T. , Talavera Gregory A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: With an increased number of cancer survivors in the United States, the need to understand the survivor experience is imperative. While the numerous physical effects of undergoing cancer treatment have been well-established, less is known about the extent to which quality of life (QOL) and psychosocial concerns post-treatment differ across socioeconomic (SES) gradients. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between QOL and SES among ethnically diverse adult cancer survivors.
Methods: This study recruited a purposive sample of San Diego English and Spanish-speaking adult cancer survivors attending cancer support groups. Community-based participatory research methods were used to administer survey questionnaires assessing SES (i.e., education and annual income), cancer history and treatment, QOL (i.e., physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being), and health behaviors. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore this study's aim.
Results: Preliminary results (n = 80) showed that most of the sample (95%) were women, 50% were non-Hispanic white, and 25% were Mexican-born. Participants were 60 years on average and had a wide range of SES. Almost 40% were diagnosed with cancer five or more years ago; most of which (58%) were breast cancer survivors. Bivariate correlation analyses showed that education and income were positively correlated to emotional (r = .404; r = .295, respectively) and functional well-being (r =.363; r = .331, respectively) (p &lt; .05). In multivariate linear regression analyses after adjusting for age and years since diagnosis, SES did not predict emotional or functional well-being. There was no association between SES and physical and social/family well-being.
Discussion: QOL issues surrounding the cancer survivorship experience can often be difficult for patients, caregivers, and health care providers to understand and treat. Results suggest that although QOL differs by SES, after adjusting for age and years since diagnosis, SES had no effect on QOL measures. Implications for survivorship care delivery and future research will be discussed.
Citation Format: Elizabeth A. Medeiros, Barbara Rodriguez, Sheila F. Castaneda, Patricia Gonzalez, Alicia Karagianes, Christina Buelna, Jessica T. Holscher, Gregory A. Talavera. Does quality of life among cancer survivors differ by socioeconomic status? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A48.