bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiographic thoracic anatomy of the ring‐tailed lemur (Lemur catta)
Authors: Makungu Modesta , du Plessis Wencke M. , Barrows Michelle , Groenewald Hermanus B. , Koeppel Katja N. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe ring‐tailed lemur (Lemur catta) is a quadruped arboreal primate primarily distributed in south and south‐westernMadagascar. This study was carried out to describe the normal radiographic thoracic anatomy of the ring‐tailed lemur as a reference for clinical use.MethodsRadiography of the thorax was performed in 15 captive ring‐tailed lemurs during their annual health examinations.ResultsNormal radiographic reference ranges for thoracic structures were established and ratios were calculated, such as the vertebral heart score (VHS). The meanVHSon the right lateral and dorsoventral views was 8.92 ± 0.47 and 9.42 ± 0.52, respectively.ConclusionsDifferences exist in the normal radiographic thoracic anatomy of primates. Knowledge of the normal radiographic thoracic anatomy of individual species is important and fundamental to assist in clinical cases and for accurate diagnosis of diseases.
Tnfaip8 l1/Oxi‐β binds to FBXW5, increasing autophagy through activation of TSC2 in a Parkinson's disease model
Authors: Ha Ji‐Young , Kim Ji‐Soo , Kang Young‐Hee , Bok Eugene , Kim Yoon‐Seong , Son Jin H. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAbnormal autophagy may contribute to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is largely unknown how autophagy is dysregulated by oxidative stress (OS), one of major pathogenic causes of PD. We recently discovered the potential autophagy regulator gene family including Tnfaip8/Oxi‐α, which is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activator down‐regulated by OS in dopaminergic neurons (J. Neurochem., 112, 2010, 366). Here, we demonstrate that the OS‐induced Tnfaip8 l1/Oxi‐β could increase autophagy by a unique mechanism that increases the stability of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), a critical negative regulator of mTOR. Tnfaip8 l1/Oxi‐β and Tnfaip8/Oxi‐α are the novel regulators of mTOR acting in opposition in dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Specifically, 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) treatment up‐regulated Tnfaip8 l1/Oxi‐β in DA neurons, thus inducing autophagy, while knockdown of Tnfaip8 l1/Oxi‐β prevented significantly activation of autophagic markers by 6‐OHDA. FBXW5 was identified as a novel binding protein for Tnfaip8 l1/Oxi‐β. FBXW5 is a TSC2 binding receptor within CUL4 E3 ligase complex, and it promotes proteasomal degradation of TSC2. Thus, Tnfaip8 l1/Oxi‐β competes with TSC2 to bind FBXW5, increasing TSC2 stability by preventing its ubiquitination. Our data show that the OS‐induced Tnfaip8 l1/Oxi‐β stabilizes TSC2 protein, decreases mTOR phosphorylation, and enhances autophagy. Therefore, altered regulation of Tnfaip8 l1/Oxi‐β may contribute significantly to dysregulated autophagy observed in dopaminergic neurons under pathogenic OS condition.
image
Dysfunctional autophagy is frequently observed in post‐mortem brains of patients and animal models of Parkinson's disease. In dopaminergic neurons of the 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) model, oxidative stress induces Tnfaip8 l1/Oxi‐β, which results in increased autophagy by its exclusive binding with FBXW5 to stabilize TSC2. Thus, altered regulation of Tnfaip8 l1/Oxi‐β may contribute to dysregulated autophagy in dopaminergic neurons under pathogenic oxidative stress, implicating both Oxi‐β and FBXW5 as potential intervention targets for dysfunctional autophagy in dopaminergic neurons under oxidative stress.
Human body preservation – old and new techniques
Authors: Brenner Erich 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis review deals with the art of (anatomical) embalming. The first part contains a brief historical review of the history of embalming, starting with ancient cultures such as the Egyptians and the lesser known Chinchorro culture, then going down the centuries and describing the anatomical techniques developed over the last two centuries. The second part deals in detail with the chemicals used for embalming purposes. The third part deals with several approaches to evaluating embalming methods, their suitability for biomechanical testing, antimicrobial properties, histological appearance, and usability. The fourth and final part analyze the European Biocidal Products Directive (98/8/EC) in the light of embalming.
A moderated mediation analysis of job demands, presenteeism, and absenteeism
Authors: Deery Stephen , Walsh Janet , Zatzick Christopher D. 
Published: January 2014

Presenteeism or attending work while ill is a growing organizational problem. This study examined the association between job demands, presenteeism, and absenteeism. We tested a moderated mediation model of the effects of job demands on absenteeism with the key objective of exploring the mediation effects of presenteeism and the moderating effects of organizational justice on this relationship. Based on a sample of emergency services call centre workers (N = 227), the research revealed that high job demands were associated with presenteeism, which in turn predicted longer absence spells. Furthermore, employee perceptions of distributive justice acted as an important mechanism through which presenteeism mediated the relationship between job demands and absenteeism.Practitioner points

Organizations should be aware that work overload and strict attendance management practices can stimulate presenteeism.

Managers should recognize that presenteeism can subsequently lead to longer spells of absence.

Employee perceptions of fair outcomes minimize the deleterious effects of presenteeism on absenteeism.
Expanding the taxonomy of the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Peck C. C. , Goulet J‐P. , Lobbezoo F. , Schiffman E. L. , Alstergren P. , Anderson G. C. , de Leeuw R. , Jensen R. , Michelotti A. , Ohrbach R. , Petersson A. , List T. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThere is a need to expand the current temporomandibular disorders' (TMDs) classification to include less common but clinically important disorders. The immediate aim was to develop a consensus‐based classification system and associated diagnostic criteria that have clinical and research utility for less common TMDs. The long‐term aim was to establish a foundation, vis‐à‐vis this classification system, that will stimulate data collection, validity testing and further criteria refinement. A working group [members of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR), members of the Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group (SIG) of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), and members from other professional societies] reviewed disorders for inclusion based on clinical significance, the availability of plausible diagnostic criteria and the ability to operationalise and study the criteria. The disorders were derived from the literature when possible and based on expert opinion as necessary. The expanded TMDs taxonomy was presented for feedback at international meetings. Of 56 disorders considered, 37 were included in the expanded taxonomy and were placed into the following four categories: temporomandibular joint disorders, masticatory muscle disorders, headache disorders and disorders affecting associated structures. Those excluded were extremely uncommon, lacking operationalised diagnostic criteria, not clearly related to TMDs, or not sufficiently distinct from disorders already included within the taxonomy. The expanded TMDs taxonomy offers an integrated approach to clinical diagnosis and provides a framework for further research to operationalise and test the proposed taxonomy and diagnostic criteria.
SYMPTOM CLUSTERS IN PATIENTS ON DIALYSIS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH QUALITY‐OF‐LIFE OUTCOMES
Authors: Amro Amin , Waldum Bård , Dammen Toril , Miaskowski Christine , Os Ingrid 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundPatients who are on dialysis report multiple symptoms. The aim of the study was to explore and identify symptom clusters (co‐occurring symptoms) in patients on dialysis and their possible associations with depressive symptoms and health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQOL) outcomes.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study of 301 prevalent patients on dialysis, physical symptoms, depressive symptoms and HRQOL were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Kidney Disease and Quality‐of‐Life‐Short Form version 1.3 (KDQOL‐SF36) questionnaires. Symptom clusters were identified using principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Multivariate linear regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the relationships between symptom clusters and depressive symptoms and HRQOL outcomes.ResultsThe majority of patients (63.5%) rated their symptoms in the ‘very much’ to ‘extremely bothersome’ range, and 29.4% had significant depressive symptoms. Three symptom clusters were identified and were named uraemic (nausea, lack of appetite, dizziness/faintness, feeling squeezed out, shortness of breath, chest pain), neuromuscular (numbness in extremities, sore muscles, cramps) and skin (itching, dry skin) clusters. The three clusters were associated with BDI, physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. After multiple adjustments, the uraemic and neuromuscular clusters remained independently associated with BDI and PCS scores and the uraemic and skin clusters with MCS scores.ConclusionThe strong associations between symptom clusters and depressive symptoms and the physical and mental domains of HRQOL should lead to an increased focus on symptom‐alleviating interventions. Additional research is warranted to determine whether treatment of symptom clusters rather than single symptoms will improve HRQOL.
Medications at School: Disposing of Pharmaceutical Waste
Authors: Taras Howard , Haste Nina M. , Berry Angela T. , Tran Jennifer , Singh Renu F. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis project quantified and categorized medications left unclaimed by students at the end of the school year. It determined the feasibility of a model medication disposal program and assessed school nurses' perceptions of environmentally responsible medication disposal.METHODSAt a large urban school district all unclaimed medications were collected at the end of a school year to determine the extent and nature of this problem. Nurses documented unclaimed medications and transported them to a central district location. An environmentally responsible medication disposal program, consisting of sealed containers bound for a local hospital's disposal system, was implemented.RESULTSIn a school district of approximately 133,000 students, there were 926 different medications abandoned at the end of a school year brought to a central disposal area. Nurses complied with the newly implemented protocol. Information collected from nurses indicates acceptance of the program. Disposal of unclaimed medications at a central location, use of secured containers, and transportation to a hospital for environmentally responsible disposal proved to be feasible and acceptable to the staff.CONCLUSIONSUnclaimed medications at school each year pose a potentially huge environmental risk when disposed of improperly. It is feasible to implement an environmentally responsible medication disposal protocol at schools.
Sugar‐Sweetened Beverage Consumption Among a Subset of Canadian Youth
Authors: Vanderlee Lana , Manske Steve , Murnaghan Donna , Hanning Rhona , Hammond David 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) may play a role in increased rates of obesity. This study examined patterns and frequencies of beverage consumption among youth in 3 distinct regions in Canada, and examined associations between beverage consumption and age, sex, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and dieting behavior, as well as beverage displacement.METHODSThe study included data from 10,188 youth (ages 13‐18) from Hamilton and Thunder Bay, Ontario, and Prince Edward Island (PEI) in 2009 to 2010. The study used in‐school self‐reported surveys with 12 questions regarding beverage consumption during the previous day, along with self‐reported height, weight, physical activity levels, and demographic information. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine variables associated with SSB intake.RESULTSOverall, 80% of youth consumed at least 1 SSB in the previous day, with 44% consuming 3 or more SSBs. Youth in Thunder Bay consumed significantly more SSBs than Hamilton and PEI, and youth in Hamilton consumed more SSBs than PEI. Boys consumed significantly more SSBs than girls. Older and more physically active youth consumed significantly fewer SSBs. No significant association between BMI and SSB consumption was observed in any model. A modest positive correlation was identified between SSB consumption and milk (r = .06, p < .001) and 100% fruit juice (r = .10, p < .001).CONCLUSIONSA large proportion of youth consumed SSBs, many at high levels. Research evaluating SSB policy and interventions should be considered a priority.
Mitochondria as promising targets for nutritional interventions aiming to improve performance and longevity of sows
Authors: Lapointe J. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryGenetic selection and management changes during the last decades have significantly increased the average litter size of sows. However, this recent success has not correlated with an extension of longevity and reduction in replacement rate. Longevity or lifetime production of sows is determined by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Nutrition is an environmental factor of importance, and it has long been appreciated that animals fed with specific diets may perform differently. The advent of modern science revealed that this is partly due to the ability of nutrients to act as signalling molecules that, through appropriate intracellular sensing mechanisms, can control gene expression and modulate cell functions. Based on this concept, nutrigenomics studies now aim to show that not only are certain nutrients essential for general health, but also that specific quantities of precise nutrients are necessary during critical periods of energy deficiency and oxidative stress such as gestation and lactation to ensure long‐term productivity. The toxic molecules at the origin of oxidative stress, free radicals, are mainly generated as normal by‐products of aerobic energy production by mitochondria. In all cells, mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are mainly known as the primary energy‐generating system. Thus, when metabolic demands are elevated as it is for hyperprolific sows, mitochondria are heavily solicited for answering all energetic needs, and substantive amounts of free radicals are generated. As a result, optimal conditions in term of antioxidant protection and metabolic substrates availability are required to support mitochondrial function in these animals. This article discusses how performance and longevity of sows are linked to mitochondrial function and oxidative stress and reviews the major natural nutrients known for their antioxidant and/or energetic properties that are susceptible to impact mitochondria and likely improved sows productivity.
Assessment of Ospemifene or Lubricants on Clinical Signs of VVA
Authors: Constantine Ginger , Graham Shelli , Koltun William D. , Kingsberg Sheryl A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Ospemifene is a new oral estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist with tissue-selective effects approved for the treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia, a symptom of postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA).

Aim
The aim of the study is to assess ospemifene or lubricant use on the clinical signs of VVA.

Methods
Subjects in three double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials were randomized to ospemifene or placebo. In two of the trials, women were provided nonhormonal lubricants for use as needed, and a preplanned evaluation of the frequency of lubricant use was performed. Additionally, a post hoc placebo group analysis for impact of lubricant use or nonuse on physiologic effects of the percentage of superficial and parabasal cells (maturation index) and vaginal pH was conducted. A secondary preplanned end point included visual examination of the vagina (clinical signs of vaginal dryness, petechiae, pallor, friability, and redness of the mucosa) comparing change from baseline to end of treatment for the ospemifene 60-mg/day group and vs. placebo.

Main Outcome Measures
The primary end points in the phase 3 clinical trials included the percentage of superficial cells, parabasal cells, vaginal pH, and most bothersome symptoms compared with placebo.

Results
There was no significant difference in physiologic effects between placebo lubricant users vs. nonusers in either 12-week study. Compared with baseline, substantially more subjects receiving ospemifene 60 mg/day than placebo showed complete resolution of clinical signs of VVA after 12 and 52 weeks of treatment.

Conclusions
Ospemifene substantially improved clinical signs of VVA. Within the placebo group, there was no difference in physiologic effects in lubricant users vs. nonusers. Based on gynecologic evaluation of the vagina, benefits were apparent at 12 weeks and sustained for 52 weeks in the ospemifene-treated subjects with significant improvement over placebo. In these three clinical trials, in contrast to ospemifene-treated women, placebo subjects who utilized lubricants had no improvement in their underlying vaginal physiology.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy Following the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: Outcomes and Utilization Trends
Authors: Kaplan Alan L. , Trinh Quoc-Dien , Sun Maxine , Carter Stacey C. , Nguyen Paul L. , Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Marks Leonard S. , Hu Jim C. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Late-onset hypogonadism may impair quality of life and contribute to metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidity in aging men. Testosterone replacement therapy is effective in treating hypogonadism. However, for the millions of men with a history of prostate cancer, exogenous testosterone has long been considered contraindicated, even though little data in such men are available. Clarification of this safety issue could allow treatment to be considered for a sizeable segment of the aging male population.

Aim
The aim of this study is to examine population-based utilization and impact of testosterone replacement therapy in men with prostate cancer.

Methods
Using linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data, we identified 149,354 men diagnosed with prostate cancer from 1992 to 2007. Of those, 1,181 (0.79%) men received exogenous testosterone following their cancer diagnosis. We used propensity scoring analysis to examine the effect of testosterone replacement on the use of salvage hormone therapy and overall and prostate cancer-specific mortality.

Main Outcome Measures
We assessed overall mortality, cancer-specific mortality, and the use of salvage hormone therapy.

Results
Following prostate cancer diagnosis, testosterone replacement was directly related to income and educational status and inversely related to age (all P &lt; 0.001). Men undergoing radical prostatectomy and men with well-differentiated tumors were more likely to receive testosterone (all P &lt; 0.001). On adjusted analysis, testosterone replacement therapy was not associated with overall or cancer-specific mortality or with the use of salvage hormone therapy.

Conclusions
In this population-based observational study of testosterone replacement therapy in men with a history of prostate cancer, treatment was not associated with increased overall or cancer-specific mortality. These findings suggest testosterone replacement therapy may be considered in men with a history of prostate cancer, but confirmatory prospective studies are needed.
A touch of glue to complete bacteriophage assembly: the tail‐to‐head joining protein (THJP) family
Authors: Auzat Isabelle , Petitpas Isabelle , Lurz Rudi , Weise Frank , Tavares Paulo 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBacteriophage SPP1 is a nanomachine built to infect the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The phage particle is composed of an icosahedric capsid, which contains the viral DNA, and a long non‐contractile tail. Capsids and tails are produced in infected cells by two distinct morphogenetic pathways. Characterization of the suppressor‐sensitive mutant SPP1sus82 showed that it produces DNA‐filled capsids and tails but is unable to assemble complete virions. Its purified tails have a normal length but lack a narrow ring that tapers the tail end found at the tail‐to‐head interface. The mutant is defective in production of gp17. The gp17 ring is exposed in free tails competent for viral assembly but becomes shielded in the final virion structure. Recombinant gp17 is active in an in vitro assay to stick together capsids and tails present in extracts of SPP1sus82‐infected cells, leading to formation of infectious particles. Gp17 thus plays a fundamental role in the tail‐to‐head joining reaction, the ultimate step of virus particle assembly. This is the conserved function of gp17 and its structurally related proteins like lambda gpU. This family of proteins can also provide fidelity to termination of the tail tube elongation reaction in a subset of phages including coliphage lambda.
Environment sensing in spring‐dispersed seeds of a winter annual Arabidopsis influences the regulation of dormancy to align germination potential with seasonal changes
Authors: Footitt Steven , Clay Heather A. , Dent Katherine , Finch‐Savage William E. 
Published: January 2014

Summary

Seed dormancy cycling plays a crucial role in the lifecycle timing of many plants. Little is known of how the seeds respond to the soil seed bank environment following dispersal in spring into the short‐term seed bank before seedling emergence in autumn.

Seeds of the winter annual Arabidopsis ecotype Cvi were buried in field soils in spring and recovered monthly until autumn and their molecular eco‐physiological responses were recorded.

DOG1 expression is initially low and then increases as dormancy increases. MFT expression is negatively correlated with germination potential. Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) signalling responds rapidly following burial and adjusts to the seasonal change in soil temperature. Collectively these changes align germination potential with the optimum climate space for seedling emergence.

Seeds naturally dispersed to the soil in spring enter a shallow dormancy cycle dominated by spatial sensing that adjusts germination potential to the maximum when soil environment is most favourable for germination and seedling emergence upon soil disturbance. This behaviour differs subtly from that of seeds overwintered in the soil seed bank to spread the period of potential germination in the seed population (existing seed bank and newly dispersed). As soil temperature declines in autumn, deep dormancy is re‐imposed as seeds become part of the persistent seed bank.