bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure of vegetables to simulated volcanic ashfall reveals production loss controlled by plant traits and growth stage
Authors: Ligot Noa , de Tornaco Pierre Miny , Pereira Benoît , Bogaert Patrick , Delmelle Pierre 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExplosive volcanic eruptions represent a serious threat to agriculture in many countries. Ashfall can cause substantial damage to crops, jeopardizing farmers' livelihoods and potentially endangering food security. Previous field‐based studies have associated ash impact on crops with the deposit thickness, or, correspondingly, with the mass load. However, non‐volcanic factors, including plant traits and growth stage, also influence the vulnerability of crops to ashfall. To accurately estimate the risk of crop production loss in ash‐prone areas, it is essential to evaluate how these factors govern the impact of ash on crops. We grew leafy (lettuce,Lactuca sativa; hative d'Heverlée, and cabbage,Brassica oleracea; cabus de Chateaurenard) and bulb and root (onion,Allium cepa; blanc premier, and carrot,Daucus carota; hative d‘Oxhella) vegetables in a greenhouse and exposed them at two growth stages to simulated ash deposits ranging from 5 to 40 kg m−2. Our results confirm that crop production loss increases with higher ash mass load, reaching 27%–69% for deposits of 20–40 kg m−2. Additionally, they indicate a higher vulnerability of carrot and onion plants than previously reported. Lettuce and cabbage plants were more severely impacted by ash compared to onion and carrot plants, illustrating the role of plant traits in controlling ash interception and retention on foliage. Furthermore, the plant growth stage emerged as another vulnerability factor. Using the new impact data, we calculated a theoretical production loss in a cultivated area potentially affected by ashfall. This revealed that a significant portion of the crop production loss can be associated with low ash mass loads (5 kg m−2), emphasizing the importance of including distal regions in the impact assessment of ashfall on crops.
Post‐flowering high night‐time temperature stress impacts physiology and starch metabolism in field‐grown maize
Authors: Hein Nathan T. , Tiwari Manish , Kumar Ritesh , Cook Landon , Ostmeyer Troy , Somayanda Impa M. , Ross James R. , Ayalew Habtamu , Wagner Dan , Neilsen Mitchell L. , Jagadish S. V. Krishna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe global average daily minimum temperatures are increasing at a quicker pace than the average daily maximum temperatures, which are predicted to increase in severity impacting global food production. This study focuses on elucidating the physiological and transcriptional response to high night‐time temperature (HNT) stress in 12 US commercial maize (Zea mays) hybrids using unique field‐based infrastructure. Our experimental objectives were to (i) impose an accurate and uniformly distributed post‐flowering HNT stress of +4.0°C until physiological maturity, (ii) quantify the impact of HNT stress on physiological and yield‐related traits, (iii) establish the impact on end‐use quality of maize kernels formed under HNT stress, and (iv) analyze the differential expression of genes involved in grain starch metabolism. Accurate and uniformly distributed HNT stress of 3.8°C higher than the ambient night‐time temperature throughout the grain‐filling period reduced yield (−14%), kernel weight (−8%), and significantly reduced kernel nutrient content, specifically magnesium in the susceptible hybrids. HNT significantly increased the expression of key genes involved in starch metabolism in the tolerant hybrid. Although HNT stress had a negative impact on yield and quality in field grown maize, two hybrids had physiological and transcriptional regulation that favored higher level of resilience which lays the platform for developing climate smart maize hybrids.
Long‐term crop yield benefits of subsurface drainage on poorly drained soils
Authors: Rui Yichao , Goller Benjamin , Kladivko Eileen J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSubsurface drainage is an important agricultural practice that has been widely utilized in the US Midwest to improve the productivity of poorly drained soils. Although widely adopted, long‐term yield benefits of drainage, particularly with varying spacings, in an ever‐changing climate are largely unknown. The goals of this study were to assess how various drainage spacings (5, 10, and 20 m) impacted crop yields compared to the undrained control in a long‐term trial (started in 1984) in southeastern Indiana and how these effects were influenced by the amount of rainfall of specific periods of the growing season. Drainage treatments led to an increase in corn (Zea mays) yields (by 12%–17%) but did not significantly affect soybean (Glycine max) yields compared to the control. In the initial 10 years of the experiment, drainage benefits were subtle and corn yields did not vary significantly across spacing treatments, whereas in the most recent 10 corn years, the drainage treatment effects became more pronounced, likely due to the combined effects of long‐term drainage system and conservation practices of no‐till and cover crops. Over 37 years, corn yields remained stagnant in the undrained plots but progressively increased in the drained treatments. Both corn and soybean yields showed a negative correlation with rainfall 14 days post‐planting, while drainage spacing treatments partially mitigated this negative effect. Our findings underscore the importance of effective drainage as a necessary prerequisite for realizing the potential benefits of conservation practices and improved crop genetics for increased crop productivity.
Evaluating the effects of cotton intercropping on cool‐season perennial forage persistence, forage mass, and nutritive value in the southeastern United States
Authors: Billman Eric D. , Myers W. Tillman 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntegrated forage–row cropping systems provide important agronomic and economic benefits to producers. However, little attention has been given to incorporating forages into row crop systems unique to the southeastern United States. This study assessed the viability of intercropping cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) on perennial, cool‐season legumes during the summer months in the Southeast Coastal Plain over two production years. Treatments included a weedy fallow, annual ryegrass (ARG; Lolium multiflorum Lam.) monoculture, a red clover (RC; Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (WC; Trifolium repens L.) mixture, and a three‐species mixture of ARG, RC, and WC. Plots were established in fall 2020 with forage grown until May 2021 and 2022, when plots were strip‐tilled and planted with cotton. Cotton was managed with minimal herbicide use to preserve perennial clovers. Results indicated WC was more persistent than RC (>40 plants m−2 vs. <40 plants m−2), and the presence of perennial clovers suppressed weeds at similar levels to the ARG monoculture (35 weeds m−2) during the second spring. Perennial clovers grew taller (4–5 cm) when mixed with ARG. The presence of clovers mixed with ARG during the second spring reduced acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentration and increased crude protein (CP) concentration (280 g ADF kg−1; 167 g CP kg−1) compared to the ARG monoculture (315 g ADF kg−1; 126 g CP kg−1). Benefits of intercropping perennial forages with cotton were maximized during the second year of growth, but future work is necessary to improve stand survival.
Nonlinear manifold learning determines microgel size from Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Koronaki Eleni D. , Kaven Luise F. , Faust Johannes M. M. , Kevrekidis Ioannis G. , Mitsos Alexander 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolymer particle size constitutes a crucial characteristic of product quality in polymerization. Raman spectroscopy is an established and reliable process analytical technology for in‐line concentration monitoring. Recent approaches and some theoretical considerations show a correlation between Raman signals and particle sizes but do not determine polymer size from Raman spectroscopic measurements accurately and reliably. With this in mind, we propose three alternative machine learning workflows to perform this task, all involving diffusion maps, a nonlinear manifold learning technique for dimensionality reduction: (i) directly from diffusion maps, (ii) alternating diffusion maps, and (iii) conformal autoencoder neural networks. We apply the workflows to a data set of Raman spectra with associated size measured via dynamic light scattering of 47 microgel (cross‐linked polymer) samples in a diameter range of 208–483 nm. The conformal autoencoders substantially outperform state‐of‐the‐art methods and results for the first time in a promising prediction of polymer size from Raman spectra.
Assessing amyloid PET positivity and cognitive function in Down syndrome to guide clinical trials targeting amyloid
Authors: Krasny Sophia , Yan Cynthia , Hartley Sigan L. , Handen Ben L. , Wisch Julie K. , Boehrwinkle Anna H. , Ances Beau M. , Rafii Michael S. ,   the ABC‐DS consortium
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONTrisomy 21, or Down syndrome (DS), predisposes individuals to early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). While monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting amyloid are approved for older AD patients, their efficacy in DS remains unexplored. This study examines amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) positivity (A+), memory function, and clinical status across ages in DS to guide mAb trial designs.METHODSCross‐sectional data from the Alzheimer Biomarker Consortium–Down Syndrome (ABC‐DS) was analyzed. PET amyloid beta in Centiloids classified amyloid status using various cutoffs. Episodic memory was assessed using the modified Cued Recall Test, and clinical status was determined through consensus processes.RESULTSFour hundred nine DS adults (mean age = 44.83 years) were evaluated. A+ rates increased with age, with mean amyloid load rising significantly. Memory decline and cognitive impairment are also correlated with age.DISCUSSIONThese findings emphasize the necessity of tailoring mAb trials for DS, considering age‐related AD characteristics.Highlights
There is rapid increase in prevalence of amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) positivity in Down syndrome (DS) after the age of 40 years.
Aβ PET positivity thresholds have significant impact on prevalence rates in DS.
There is a significant lag between Aβ PET positivity and clinical symptom onset in DS.
Multi‐Group Polymer Coating on Zn Anode for High Overall Conversion Efficiency Photorechargeable Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Ming , Guo Xiaojun , Jiang Xiao , Farhadi Bita , Guo Xin , Zhu Yan , Zhang Haoxiang , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe solar‐driven photorechargeable zinc‐ion batteries have emerged as a promising power solution for smart electronic devices and equipment. However, the subpar cyclic stability of the Zn anode remains a significant impediment to their practical application. Herein, poly(diethynylbenzene‐1,3,5‐triimine‐2,4,6‐trione) (PDPTT) was designed as a functional polymer coating of Zn. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the PDPTT coating not only significantly homogenizes the electric field distribution on the Zn surface, but also promotes the ion‐accessible surface of Zn. With multiple N and C=O groups exhibiting strong adsorption energies, this polymer coating reduces the nucleation overpotential of Zn, alters the diffusion pathway of Zn2+ at the anode interface, and decreases the corrosion current and hydrogen evolution current. Leveraging these advantages, Zn‐PDPTT//Zn‐PDPTT exhibits an exceptionally long cycling time (≥4300 h, 1 mA cm−2). Zn‐PDPTT//AC zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors can withstand 50,000 cycles at 5 A/g. Zn‐PDPTT//NVO zinc‐ion battery exhibits a faster charge storage rate, higher capacity, and excellent cycling stability. Coupling Zn‐PDPTT//NVO with high‐performance perovskite solar cells results in a 13.12 % overall conversion efficiency for the photorechargeable zinc‐ion battery, showcasing significant value in advancing the efficiency and upgrading conversion of renewable energy utilization.
Edge‐Rich Pt−O−Ce Sites in CeO2 Supported Patchy Atomic‐Layer Pt Enable a Non‐CO Pathway for Efficient Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Xu Airong , Liu Tong , Liu Dong , Li Wenzhi , Huang Hui , Wang Sicong , Xu Li , Liu Xiaokang , Jiang Shuaiwei , Chen Yudan , Sun Mei , Luo Qiquan , Ding Tao , Yao Tao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRational design of efficient methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) catalyst that undergo non‐CO pathway is essential to resolve the long‐standing poisoning issue. However, it remains a huge challenge due to the rather difficulty in maximizing the non‐CO pathway by the selective coupling between the key *CHO and *OH intermediates. Here, we report a high‐performance electrocatalyst of patchy atomic‐layer Pt epitaxial growth on CeO2 nanocube (Pt ALs/CeO2) with maximum electronic metal‐support interaction for enhancing the coupling selectively. The small‐size monolayer material achieves an optimal geometrical distance between edge Pt−O−Ce sites and *OH absorbed on CeO2, which well restrains the dehydrogenation of *CHO, resulting in the non‐CO pathway. Meanwhile, the *CHO/*CO intermediate generated at inner Pt−O−Ce sites can migrate to edge, inducing the subsequent coupling reaction, thus avoiding poisoning while promoting reaction efficiency. Consequently, Pt ALs/CeO2 exhibits exceptionally catalytic stability with negligible degradation even under 1000 s pure CO poisoning operation and high mass activity (14.87 A/mgPt), enabling it one of the best‐performing alkali‐stable MOR catalysts.
Stimuli‐Responsive Molecular Duplexes Displaying Duplex‐to‐Duplex Switching
Authors: Lee Seungwon , Song Geunmoo , Jeong Kyu‐Sung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSynthetic duplexes with high stabilities have promising potential for mimicking biomolecular functions and developing supramolecular smart materials. Herein, we describe the synthesis and stimuli‐responsive properties of molecular duplexes derived from indolocarbazole–pyridine (I−P) oligomers. These duplexes adopt nonclassical helical structures, stabilized by I−P hydrogen‐bonding pairs in anhydrous chlorinated solvents. Notably, the longest duplex 62 (11‐mer)2 displays remarkable stability, forming twenty hydrogen bonds; its exchange energy barrier was determined to be ΔG≠=22.0 kcal ⋅ mol−1 at 75 °C in anhydrous (CDCl2)2. Upon the addition of water, a hydrated duplex 62 (11‐mer)2⊃10H2O was formed, with one water molecule inserted between each I−P hydrogen‐bonding pair. The Hill coefficient (n) for this process is 6.1, demonstrating extremely positive cooperativity. Conversely, the hydrated duplex 62 (11‐mer)2⊃10H2O was completely converted into the original anhydrous duplex 62 (11‐mer)2 when the temperature was increased. Interconversion between these two distinct duplexes can be repeatedly carried out by varying the temperature. Furthermore, reversible switching between hetero‐duplexes and homo‐duplexes was also demonstrated by controlling the temperature, with concomitant changes in the characteristic emission signals.
Design and optimization of air‐cooled supercapacitor thermal management system based on the corner deflectors and the inclined inlet and outlet
Authors: Xu Chaoying , Li Guofu , Ruan Dianbo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a novel air‐cooled supercapacitor thermal management system (STMS) based on the corner deflectors and the inclined inlet and outlet was proposed. The temperature and velocity fields were simulated and analyzed by CFD. Moreover, the heat dissipation effect of different STMSs was analyzed against each other. The results showed that the STMS proposed had a better heat dissipation effect when the inclined angle of inlet and outlet was appropriate, in which the maximum temperature (Tmax) and the maximum temperature difference (ΔTmax) of the module could be reduced by 10.3% and 34.6%. And it is shown that the structure with inclined inlet and outlet plays an important role for the heat dissipation capability of the STMS proposed. And it has experimentally proven its heat dissipation ability. Consequently, the impacts of inclined angle (α), monomer spacing (dc), and the distance between monomer and module shell (dx, dy, and dz) on the heat dissipation effect were deeply analyzed. For the STMS arranged in four rows and three columns, it had a better heat dissipation effect when inclined angle was in the range of 40° to 50°. The results showed that the structural parameters had a large influence on the Tmax and ΔTmax. Besides, it had shown that the temperature curves of the Tmax and ΔTmax had a main trend of “decreasing and then increasing” when the monomer spacing as well as the distance between monomer and module shell are taken from 1 mm to 5 mm. It implies that a small spacing (1 mm to 2 mm) will hinder the air circulation and reduce heat dissipation, and a large spacing (3 mm to 5 mm) will reduce the average flow rate of air and reduce the efficiency of heat transfer.
New biologically active sulfonamides as potential drugs for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Nevyhoštěná Marie , Komersová Alena , Pejchal Vladimír , Štěpánková Šárka , Česla Petr , Matzick Kevin , Macháčková Jana , Svoboda Roman 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA family of new compounds with sulfonamide and amide functional groups as potential Alzheimer's disease drugs were prepared by multistep synthesis. Thermal stability measurements recorded the initial decomposition in the range of 200–220°C, close above the melting point. The final compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, and the in vitro dissolution behavior of selected compounds was studied through both lipophilic and hydrophilic matrix tablets. All nine tested derivatives were even more active in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase than the clinically used rivastigmine. Regression analysis of the obtained dissolution profiles was performed, and the effects of the pH and the release mechanism were determined. Some substances showed remarkable biological activity and became a subject of interest for further extensive study.
Study on chemical profiling of bailing capsule and its potential mechanism against thyroiditis based on network pharmacology with molecular docking strategy
Authors: Wang Mengxiao , Luo Keke , Bian Baolin , Tian Mengyao , Zhao Haiyu , Zhang Yan , Wang Jigang , Guo Qiuyan , Cheng Guangqing , Si Nan , Wei Xiaolu , Yang Jian , Wang Hongjie , Zhou Yanyan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBailing capsule (BLC), a drug that is clinically administered to modulate the autoimmune system, exhibits promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of thyroiditis. This study elucidates the chemical profile of BLC and its potential therapeutic mechanism in thyroiditis, leveraging network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Utilizing ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear trap‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐LTQ‐Orbitrap MS), 58 compounds were identified, the majority of which were nucleosides and amino acids. Utilizing the ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC QqQ MS/MS) strategy, 16 representative active components from six batches of BLCs were simultaneously determined. Network pharmacology analysis further revealed that the active components included 5′‐adenylate, guanosine, adenosine, cordycepin, inosine, 5′‐guanylic acid, and l‐lysine. Targets with higher connectivity included AKT1, MAPK3, RAC1, and PIK3CA. The signaling pathways primarily focused on thyroid hormone regulation and the Ras, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK pathways, all of which were intricately linked to inflammatory immunity and hormonal regulation. Molecular docking analysis corroborated the findings from network pharmacology, revealing that adenosine, guanosine, and cordycepin exhibited strong affinity toward AKT1, MAPK3, PIK3CA, and RAC1. Overall, this study successfully elucidated the material basis and preliminary mechanism underlying BLC's intervention in thyroiditis, thus laying a solid basis for further exploration of its in‐depth mechanisms.
The effect of COVID‐19 vaccination on multiple sclerosis activity as reflected by MRI
Authors: Ganelin‐Cohen Esther , Buxbaum Chen , Bosak Noam , Sobol Shani , Vaknin‐Dembinsky Adi , Hellmann Mark A , Wilf‐Yarkoni Adi , Regev Keren , Pustovoyt Elizaveta , Shifrin Alla , Wexler Yair , Rozenberg Ayal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionExamining the safety of theBNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients remains inconclusive, particularly regarding the potential for disease exacerbations. This study aims to assess the effects of BNT162b2 COVID‐19 vaccination on disease activity in MS patients through sequential MRI imaging.MethodsA retrospective study of 84 MS patients from five Israeli hospitals was conducted. MS lesion load was determined from three brain MRI scans, one postvaccination and two prevaccination scans. A post hoc analysis compared subgroups featuring vaccinated and unvaccinated patients respectively, with early onset MS.ResultsThe cohort included 70 women with early onset (mean age 16.4 ± 0.8 years) and adult onset (mean age 34.9 ± 1.1 years) MS. Among the early onset group, vaccinated patients showed an increased risk of new lesions (p = .00026), while there was no increased risk among adult‐onset patients. Additionally, a comparison between early onset vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups revealed a higher risk of increased lesions in the vaccinated group (p = .024).DiscussionOverall, the study suggests that the BNT162b2 vaccine is generally safe in MS patients, with no association found between vaccination and new lesions in most patients. However, close MRI follow‐up is recommended for early‐onset MS cases to monitor lesion development.
Using design thinking to create and implement a 3D digital library of anatomical specimens
Authors: Titmus Morgan , de Oliveira Beatriz IR , Ellery Paul , Whittaker Gary , Radley Hannah , Radunski Milo , Ng Leo , Helmholz Petra , Sun Zhonghua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDesign thinking (DT) is a five‐stage process (empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test) that guides the creation of user‐centered solutions to complex problems. DT is in common use outside of science but has rarely been applied to anatomical education. The use of DT in this study identified the need for flexible access to anatomical specimens outside of the anatomy laboratory and guided the creation of a digital library of three‐dimensional (3D) anatomical specimens (3D Anatomy Viewer). To test whether the resource was fit for purpose, a mixed‐methods student evaluation was undertaken. Student surveys (n = 46) were employed using the system usability scale (SUS) and an unvalidated acceptability questionnaire. These verified that 3D Anatomy Viewer was usable (SUS of 72%) and acceptable (agreement range of 77%–93% on all Likert‐type survey statements, Cronbach's alpha = 0.929). Supplementary interviews (n = 5) were analyzed through content analysis and revealed three main themes: (1) a credible online supplementary learning resource; (2) learning anatomy with 3D realism and interactivity; (3) user recommendations for expanding the number of anatomical models, test questions, and gamification elements. These data demonstrate that a DT framework can be successfully applied to anatomical education for creation of a practical learning resource. Anatomy educators should consider employing a DT framework where student‐centered solutions to learner needs are required.