bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfonyl Ketenimines as Key Intermediates in One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Sulfonyl‐2‐alkaneimidoyl Selenocyanates
Authors: Yavari Issa , Taheri Zohreh , Nematpour Manijeh , Sheikhi Azam 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSulfonyl‐ketenimine intermediates, generated by the addition of Cu acetylides to sulfonyl azides, are trapped by KSeCN to afford N‐sulfonyl‐2‐alkaneimidoyl selenocyanates in moderate‐to‐good yields.
Two New Iridoids from the Stem of Catalpa ovata
Authors: Han Xiang Hua , Lee Chul , Lee Jin Woo , Jin Qinghao , Jang Hari , Lee Ha Ju , Lee Dongho , Lee Sung‐Joon , Hong Jin Tae , Lee Mi Kyeong , Hwang Bang Yeon 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTwo new iridoids, 6‐O‐[(E)‐feruloyl]jioglutin D (1) and 6‐O‐(4‐hydroxybenzoyl)jioglutin D (2), and six known compounds, minecoside (3), specioside (4), picroside II (5), picroside III (6), 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (7), and martynoside (8), were isolated from the stem of Catalpa ovata. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR.
Synthesis and Characterization of m‐Terphenyl (1,3‐Diphenylbenzene) Compounds Containing Trifluoromethyl Groups
Authors: Corona‐Armenta Alma T. , Ordoñez Mario , López Jorge A. , Cervantes Jorge , Serrano Oracio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe bis(silyl)triazene compound 2,6‐(Me3Si)2‐4‐Me‐1‐(NNNC4H8)C6H2 (4) was synthesized by double lithiation/silylation of 2,6‐Br2‐4‐Me‐1‐(NNNC4H8)C6H2 (1). Furthermore, 2,6‐bis[3,5‐(CF3)2‐C6H3]‐4‐Me‐C6H2‐1‐(NNNC4H8)C6H2 derivative 6 can be easily synthesized by a C,C‐bond formation reaction of 1 with the corresponding aryl‐Grignard reagent, i.e., 3,5‐bis[(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]magnesium bromide. Reactions of compound 4 with KI and 6 with I2 afforded in good yields novel phenyl derivatives, 2,6‐(Me3Si)2‐4‐MeC6H2I and 2,6‐bis[3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3]‐4‐MeC6H2I (5 and 7, resp.). On the other hand, the analogous m‐terphenyl 1,3‐diphenylbenzene compound 2,6‐bis[3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3]C6H3I (8) could be obtained in moderate yield from the reaction of (2,6‐dichlorophenyl)lithium and 2 equiv. of aryl‐Grignard reagent, followed by the reaction with I2. Different attempts to introduce the tBu (Me3C) or neophyl (PhC(Me)2CH2) substituents in the central ring were unsuccessful. All the compounds were fully characterized by elemental analysis, melting point, IR and NMR spectroscopy. The structure of compound 6 was corroborated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements.
Synthesis of 2,3,3a,9a‐Tetrahydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[b]quinoxaline‐1,3,4,9‐tetracarboxylate by Cyclization of 1,5‐Bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]penta‐1,4‐dienes with Quinoxalines
Authors: Rotzoll Sven , Feist Holger , Gütlein Jörg‐Peter , Michalik Dirk , Kelzhanova Nazken K. , Abilov Zharylkasyn A. , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe cyclization of 1,5‐bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]penta‐1,4‐dienes with quinoxalines and chloroformates afforded 2,3,3a,9a‐tetrahydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[b]quinoxaline‐1,3,4,9‐tetracarboxylate.
Synthesis of New Silybin Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Zarrelli Armando , Romanucci Valeria , De Napoli Lorenzo , Previtera Lucio , Di Fabio Giovanni 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSilibinin, the major flavonolignan of silymarin, displays a broad spectrum of biological features that are generally ascribed to its antioxidant properties. Silibinin occurs in two diastereoisomeric forms, i.e., silybins A and B, in a ratio of ca. 1 : 1. With a simple and robust purification method, it is now possible to obtain silybins A and B in pure forms, in g‐scale amounts, and within a short period of time. Herein, we describe an efficient synthesis strategy to obtain a variety of new and more H2O‐soluble derivatives from the single silybins in which the 9″‐OH group was converted to a sulfate, N3, phosphodiester, or NH2 group via a solution‐phase approach. Thus, eight new compounds have been synthesized, purified by HPLC analysis, and characterized by NMR and MS analyses. To conduct experiments to clarify the many biological properties of pure silibinin diastereoisomers and their derivatives, the synthetic compounds were tested by using the DPPH assay to evaluate their antioxidant activities. The results, even if only for a small number of derivatives, revealed that some of these compounds are much more active than their parent compounds. It is also interesting to consider the synergetic effects.
Three New Bisabolane Sesquiterpenes from Ligularia songarica
Authors: Dai Wei , Xie Zhou‐Jian , Li Mei , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThree new bisabolane sesquiterpenes, songaricalarins F–H (1–3, resp.), and five known analogs, 4–8, were isolated from roots and rhizomes of Ligularia songarica. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 2D‐NMR techniques. The isolated compounds were also evaluated for their cytotoxic activities, against human lung carcinoma (A‐549) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7) cell lines, and three compounds were found to show moderate cytotoxicities.
Evaluating changes in tendon crimp with fatigue loading as an ex vivo structural assessment of tendon damage
Authors: Freedman Benjamin R. , Zuskov Andrey , Sarver Joseph J. , Buckley Mark R. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe complex structure of tendons relates to their mechanical properties. Previous research has associated the waviness of collagen fibers (crimp) during quasi‐static tensile loading to tensile mechanical properties, but less is known about the role of fatigue loading on crimp properties. In this study (IACUC approved), mouse patellar tendons were fatigue loaded while an integrated plane polariscope simultaneously assessed crimp properties. We demonstrate a novel structural mechanism whereby tendon crimp amplitude and frequency are altered with fatigue loading. In particular, fatigue loading increased the crimp amplitude across the tendon width and length, and these structural alterations were shown to be both region and load dependent. The change in crimp amplitude was strongly correlated to mechanical tissue laxity (defined as the ratio of displacement and gauge length relative to the first cycle of fatigue loading assessed at constant load throughout testing), at all loads and regions evaluated. Together, this study highlights the role of fatigue loading on tendon crimp properties as a function of load applied and region evaluated, and offers an additional structural mechanism for mechanical alterations that may lead to ultimate tendon failure. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:904–910, 2015.
Effects of blockade of endogenous Gi signaling in Tie2‐expressing cells on bone formation in a mouse model of heterotopic ossification
Authors: Wang Liping , Carroll Dylan O' , Liu Xuhui , Roth Theresa , Kim Hubert , Halloran Bernard , Nissenson Robert A. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTAvailable evidence indicates that some Tie2‐expressing (Tie2+) cells serve as multipotent progenitors that have robust BMP‐dependent osteogenic activity and mediate heterotopic ossification (HO). Since signaling through the G protein Gi is required for cell motility, we hypothesized that blockade of endogenous Gi signaling in Tie2+ cell populations would prevent HO formation. Blockade of Gi signaling in Tie2+ cells was accomplished in transgenic mice with expression of pertussis toxin (PTX) under the control of the Tie2 promoter (Tie2+/PTX+). Bone formation within HOs was evaluated 2 weeks after BMP injection. Expression of PTX in Tie2+ cells significantly reduced the bone volume (BV) of HOs in male and female mice. Orthotopic bones were assessed at the distal femur and expression of PTX significantly increased trabecular bone fractional volume and bone formation rate in females only. In adult Tie2+/GFP+ mice, GFP+ cells appeared both inside and at the surfaces of bone tissue within HOs and in orthotopic bones. In summary, blockade of Gi signaling in Tie2+ cells reduced the accrual of HOs and stimulated osteogenesis in orthotopic bones. Targeting of Gi protein coupled receptors in Tie2+ cells may be a novel therapeutic strategy in states of abnormal bone formation such as osteoporosis and HO. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1212–1217, 2015.
The impact of events scale: a comparison of frequency versus severity approaches to measuring cancer‐specific distress
Authors: Salsman John M. , Schalet Benjamin D. , Andrykowski Michael A. , Cella David 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe Impact of Events Scale (IES) is one of the most widely used measures of event‐specific distress. The IES assesses the frequency with which respondents experience intrusive thoughts and avoidant behaviors over the past week. Our aim is to demonstrate the benefit of a severity‐based measurement approach of the IES compared with a frequency‐based measurement approach.MethodsA mixed group of post‐treatment cancer survivors (N = 325; M = 31.8 years old) completed measures assessing quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General), psychological adjustment (Mental Health Inventory), and cancer‐related distress (IES). The IES was keyed to the cancer experience and administered with standard (frequency) and modified (severity) response options.ResultsClassical reliability analyses and bifactor modeling were conducted on both versions of the IES. Reliability estimates suggest that the IES severity items were more highly intercorrelated than the IES frequency items. Both versions of the IES were highly correlated (r = 0.82), showing the presence of a dominant general factor. Bifactor modeling suggested that the severity items generally provided higher levels of discrimination than the frequency items. Validity correlations with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General and Mental Health Inventory demonstrated that the IES severity performed as good as or better than the IES frequency.ConclusionsGiven the high correlations and similarity in content, the IES severity items largely assess the same construct as the IES frequency items. However, IES severity items generally showed improved psychometric properties and similar or higher correlations with quality of life and psychological adjustment. The IES severity approach appears to be a more informative method for assessing cancer‐specific distress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of carcass bruises as an indicator of welfare in beef cattle and the relation to the economic impact
Authors: Huertas Stella M. , van Eerdenburg Frank , Gil Andrés , Piaggio José 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe objective of this work was to characterize bruises in bovine carcasses in Uruguay and to evaluate the economic impact. Thirteen abattoirs were visited during 2 years and bruises were identified, classified, and quantified by zone and degree (depth and size). One hundred carcasses were separated and bruises were cut out and weighed separately. From a total of 15 157 carcasses observed, 60.0% had at least one bruise; 42.0% of these had bruises on both sides. The expensive butt zone was the most damaged, followed by rib, shoulder and loin, respectively. The mean weight and standard error of the condemned trimmed meat was 1602 ± 212 g. It suppose a loss of 899 g per animal slaugtered in Uruguay. In a country sending 2.5 million heads of cattle to be slaughter yearly, this indicates an important financial loss. Improving transport conditions and personnel skills will probably result in a better welfare for the animals as well as better financial profit.
Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment After Shoulder Arthroscopy: A Case Report
Authors: Yung Herbie , Lagemann Gerritt M. , Lin Albert , Orebaugh Steven L. , Cortazzo Megan H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN) is a distal sensory branch of the musculocutaneous nerve that innervates the radial aspect of the forearm. Cases of LABCN injury from trauma and chronic compression have been reported. A case of musculocutaneous nerve injury after a biceps tenodesis has also been reported. This case report describes an LABCN injury and forearm pain after a biceps tenodesis procedure. Using a multifaceted diagnostic approach of electrodiagnostics and magnetic resonance neurography, the site of compression was appropriately localized. The patient ultimately achieved relief after a surgical decompression.
LARGE CARDINALS AND LIGHTFACE DEFINABLE WELL-ORDERS, WITHOUT THE GCH
Authors: FRIEDMAN SY-DAVID , HOLY PETER , LÜCKE PHILIPP 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper deals with the question whether the assumption that for every inaccessible cardinal κ there is a well-order of H(κ+) definable over the structure $\langle {\rm{H}}({\kappa ^ + }), \in \rangle$ by a formula without parameters is consistent with the existence of (large) large cardinals and failures of the GCH. We work under the assumption that the SCH holds at every singular fixed point of the ℶ-function and construct a class forcing that adds such a well-order at every inaccessible cardinal and preserves ZFC, all cofinalities, the continuum function, and all supercompact cardinals. Even in the absence of a proper class of inaccessible cardinals, this forcing produces a model of “V = HOD” and can therefore be used to force this axiom while preserving large cardinals and failures of the GCH. As another application, we show that we can start with a model containing an ω-superstrong cardinal κ and use this forcing to build a model in which κ is still ω-superstrong, the GCH fails at κ and there is a well-order of H(κ+) that is definable over H(κ+) without parameters. Finally, we can apply the forcing to answer a question about the definable failure of the GCH at a measurable cardinal.
EXISTENTIAL ∅-DEFINABILITY OF HENSELIAN VALUATION RINGS
Authors: FEHM ARNO 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn [1], Anscombe and Koenigsmann give an existential ∅-definition of the ring of formal power series F[[t]] in its quotient field in the case where F is finite. We extend their method in several directions to give general definability results for henselian valued fields with finite or pseudo-algebraically closed residue fields.
GENERICALLY STABLE REGULAR TYPES
Authors: TANOVIĆ PREDRAG 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe study nonorthogonality of symmetric, regular types and show that it preserves generic stability and is an equivalence relation on the set of all generically stable, regular types. We prove that some of the nice properties from the stable context hold in general. In the case of strongly regular types we will relate to the global Rudin–Keisler order.
SET FORCING AND STRONG CONDENSATION FORH(ω2)
Authors: WU LIUZHEN 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Axiom of Strong Condensation, first introduced by Woodin in [14], is an abstract version of the Condensation Lemma ofL. In this paper, we construct a set-sized forcing to obtain Strong Condensation forH(ω2). As an application, we show that “ZFC + Axiom of Strong Condensation +”is consistent, which answers a question in [14]. As another application, we give a partial answer to a question of Jech by proving that “ZFC + there is a supercompact cardinal + any ideal onω1which is definable overH(ω2) is not precipitous” is consistent under sufficient large cardinal assumptions.
STRUCTURE THEORY OFL(ℝ,μ) AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Authors: TRANG NAM 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the structure theory ofL(ℝ,μ) under the hypothesisL(ℝ,μ) ⊧ “AD +μis a normal fine measure on” and give some applications. First we show that “ ZFC + there existω2Woodin cardinals”1has the same consistency strength as “ AD +ω1is ℝ-supercompact”. During this process we show that ifL(ℝ,μ) ⊧ AD then in factL(ℝ,μ) ⊧ AD+. Next we prove important properties ofL(ℝ,μ) including Σ1-reflection and the uniqueness ofμinL(ℝ,μ). Then we give the computation of full HOD inL(ℝ,μ). Finally, we use Σ1-reflection and ℙmaxforcing to construct a certain ideal on(or equivalently onin this situation) that has the same consistency strength as “ZFC+ there existω2Woodin cardinals.”
COMPUTABILITY AND UNCOUNTABLE LINEAR ORDERS I: COMPUTABLE CATEGORICITY
Authors: GREENBERG NOAM , KACH ASHER M. , LEMPP STEFFEN , TURETSKY DANIEL D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe study the computable structure theory of linear orders of size $\aleph _1 $ within the framework of admissible computability theory. In particular, we characterize which of these linear orders are computably categorical.
Pain and Surgery in England,circa1620–circa1740
Authors: Walker Katherine A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe scholarship on the discussion and role of pain in early modern English surgery is limited. Scholars have given little consideration to how surgeons described and comprehended pain in their patients’ bodies in early modern England, including how these understandings connected to notions of the humours, nerves and sex difference. This article focuses on the attention that surgeons paid to pain in their published and manuscript casebooks and manuals available in English,circa1620–circa1740. Pain was an important component of surgery in early modern England, influencing diagnosis, treatment and technique. Surgeons portrayed a complex and multi-dimensional understanding of their patients’ bodies in pain, which was further connected to their portrayals of their professional ability.
Cullen, a Cautionary Tale
Authors: Dyde Sean 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSome ideas return after the briefest of exiles: reductionism is back in vogue. Existential questions – about who we are, about our origins and future, about what is valuable – no longer require difficult soul searching, especially when straightforward answers are expected from the neurosciences. History is being rewritten with the brain as its centrepiece; the search for great men and big ideas of the past begins again. William Cullen (1710–90), whose work on neurosis was once part of the history of psychoanalysis, is now well placed to become part of such a neuro-history. This article attempts to subvert this process, by rebuilding the original meaning of neurosis through Cullen’s physiological and medical works, in comparison with his predecessor, Robert Whytt (1714–66), and illustrating this meaning using one particular neurosis: hypochondriasis. The result is a more complicated version of neurosis which, importantly, carries significant insights into the nature and practice of medicine. Moreover, this article examines how Cullen’s standing fell in the 1820s as British physicians and surgeons turned to an idea which promised to reform medicine: pathological anatomy. When these hopes faded, Cullen became a figure obsessed with the nerves. This image has survived to the present, a blank canvas onto which any theory can be projected. It also values precisely what Cullen warned against: simplistic explanations of the body and disease, and unthinking confidence in the next big idea or silver bullet. Neurosis was not simply a nervous ailment, but it is a warning against reductionism in history making.
PaleoENM: applying ecological niche modeling to the fossil record
Authors: Myers Corinne E. , Stigall Alycia L. , Lieberman Bruce S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEcological niche modeling (ENM) is a quantitative approach to predict species’ abiotic requirements. It is a correlative technique, requiring geographically explicit information on species occurrences and the suites of environmental conditions experienced at each occurrence point. The output of these models is a set of environmental suitability rules that can be projected geographically and through time to test biogeographic, ecologic, and evolutionary hypotheses. Although developed by biologists and used extensively in the modern, ENM is in its early stages of application to the deep-time fossil record (hence PaleoENM). In part its limited use in the fossil record thus far reflects the methodological challenge of constructing paleoenvironmental layers needed for PaleoENM analysis, whereas in the modern these layers are available from large public databases (e.g., WorldClim). This paper provides a contextual and methodological framework for appropriately applying PaleoENM, including best practices for developing species occurrence and paleoenvironmental data sets for PaleoENM analyses.
Heritable influences on behavioural problems from early childhood to mid-adolescence: evidence for genetic stability and innovation
Authors: Lewis G. J. , Plomin R. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundAlthough behavioural problems (e.g. anxiety, conduct, hyperactivity, peer problems) are known to be heritable both in early childhood and in adolescence, limited work has examined prediction across these ages, and none using a genetically informative sample.MethodWe examined, first, whether parental ratings of behavioural problems (indexed by the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire) at ages 4, 7, 9, 12, and 16 years were stable across these ages. Second, we examined the extent to which stability reflected genetic or environmental effects through multivariate quantitative genetic analysis on data from a large (n > 3000) population (UK) sample of monozygotic and dizygotic twins.ResultsBehavioural problems in early childhood (age 4 years) showed significant associations with the corresponding behavioural problem at all subsequent ages. Moreover, stable genetic influences were observed across ages, indicating that biological bases underlying behavioural problems in adolescence are underpinned by genetic influences expressed as early as age 4 years. However, genetic and environmental innovations were also observed at each age.ConclusionThese observations indicate that genetic factors are important for understanding stable individual differences in behavioural problems across childhood and adolescence, although novel genetic influences also facilitate change in such behaviours.
Unmasking Identity: Speaker Profiling for Forensic Linguistic Purposes
Authors: Schilling Natalie , Marsters Alexandria 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTWhen an anonymous speech sample is associated with a criminal matter, for example in the case of a phoned-in bomb threat or ransom demand, forensic linguistic profiling may be used to infer attributes of the speaker from his or her linguistic characteristics. In this review, we present research and case examples outlining what types of speaker characteristics are discoverable via speaker profiling by expert linguists, for example, gender, age, and region of socialization. We also consider different methods in speaker profiling, including aural-perceptual, acoustic phonetic, and automated, and briefly discuss expert versus nonexpert speaker profiling, as well as the proper role of linguistic profilers versus law enforcement and legal professionals, government agencies, and others with whom forensic linguists work. Finally, we address the problem of voice and dialect disguise, including what types of disguises criminals may effect and what methods can be used to unmask them, including human and automated. We illustrate our points by alluding, throughout the review, to various elements of a case in which we recently served as expert linguistic profilers.