bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic Treatment Need in Bangladeshi Young Adults Evaluated Through Dental Aesthetic Index
Authors: Paul Kajol Chandra , Hossain Md Zakir 
Published: July 2015

Aim : The objectives of this study were to evaluate the severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in Bangladeshi young adults by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government and private college of Dhaka and Netrokona, Bangladesh. A total of 405 students (from 17 to 25 years old) were selected by convenience sampling. Students wearing orthodontic appliance or reporting a history of orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. Clinical examinations were conducted using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The chi-square test (x2) was used to compare malocclusion severity. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the changes in DAI scores and the mean DAI scores between various age groups. The t test was used to compare the mean DAI scores between sex groups.Results: 405 college students were examined, 305(75.3%) were boys and 100(24.7%) were girls. Most of the students 277(68.4%) had DAI scores ? 25 with no or little malocclusion requiring slight or no orthodontic treatment, 76(18.8%) had DAI score of 26-30 with definite malocclusion requiring elective orthodontic treatment, 34(8.4%) had DAI score of 31-35 with severe type of malocclusion requiring highly desirable orthodontic treatment, 18(4.4%) had DAI score ? 36 with very severe or handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory orthodontic treatment.Conclusion: The majority of the students in our study (68.4%) required no or little treatment; (12.8%) had definite malocclusion requiring definite orthodontic treatment.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2013; Vol-3, No.2
Orthodontic management of a case of Class III malocclusion with multiple unerupted teeth in both jaw & retained deciduous teeth : A case report
Authors: Haque Imtiaz Ershadul , Faruk SM Omar , Hossain Md Zakir 
Published: July 2015

We describe the treatment of an adolescent girl, age 13 years old, with Class III malocclusion withnmultiple unerupted teeth in both jaw & retained deciduous teeth. Treatment consists mainly of correction of anterior crossbite, extraction of deciduous teeth, surgical exposure of unerupted teeth &orthodontic traction to help eruption, leveling and alignment with Edgewise fixed appliances with multiloop technique. Treatment time required 3years. However the treatment resulted in Class I molar occlusion with proper alignment of upper & lower anterior segment, an ideal overjet, overbite andincisor angulations.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2013; Vol-3, No.2
Treatment of a Class II Division 2 malocclusion with Cover Bite and Severe Crowding in an Adult patient
Authors: Anwar Nabila , Hassan Gazi Shamim , Ghosh Ranjit , Shajedeen Mahmood 
Published: July 2015

This case report describes the orthodontic treatment of an adult patient, who presented an Angle Class II division 2 malocclusion, with deep traumatic overbite, retroclined incisors with proclined left maxillary lateral incisor and mild gingival recessions. Treatment of an adult Class II patient requires careful diagnosis and a treatment plan involving esthetic, occlusal, and functional considerations. The patient was treated with extraction of four first premolars to relieve crowding, with simultaneous correction of the deep bite by intrusion of the upper and/or lower incisors using fixed appliance mechanotherapy.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2013; Vol-3, No.2
Role of Veterinarian in Animal Welfare Issue: A Global Concept
Authors: Islam M Ariful 
Published: July 2015

Animal welfare is the well-being of animals. The standards of "good" animal welfare vary considerably between different contexts. These standards are under constant review and are debated, created and revised by animal welfare groups, legislators and academics worldwide (Hewson, 2003). It is strongly linked to animal health, which similarly depends on good animal husbandry. Animal welfare is a core mandate of the veterinary community generally and veterinarians individually. This concept is articulated by many veterinary organizations in their Code of Practice, Veterinary Oath or other statements of commitment. Such statements centre on the common theme a veterinarian should be dedicated to the benefit of society, the conservation of animal resources and the relief of suffering of animals and to promote animal wellbeing. As scientific knowledge in the field of animal welfare expands and the expectations of society change in regard to animal care, so the commonly accepted definitions of animal welfare have evolved. Knowledge of animal welfare, particularly those in production is becoming essential to veterinary professionals across the globe.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23702Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 1-3
Incidence of Calf Morbidity and Mortality at CIG Dairy Farms of Muktagacha Upazila in Mymensingh District
Authors: Islam MN , Rahman AKMA , Nahar MS , Khair A , Alam MM 
Published: July 2015

Calf morbidity and mortality are important causes of economic losses on dairy farms worldwide. An investigation on the incidence of calf morbidity and mortality was conducted on 92 purposively selected CIG (Common Interest Group) dairy farms in Muktagacha upazila of Mymensingh district. A total of 119 calves from the farms were longitudinally followed from August 2014 to November 2014 for major health problems. Representative fecal samples from diarrhoeic calves were tested to identify gastro-enteropathogens associated with diarrhea by rapid detection test kit (Bio K 306). The overall incidence risk of morbidity and mortality were 56.17% and 6.29%, respectively. The most frequent disease syndrome was diarrhea with incidence risk of 34.82% followed by navel ill (7.22%) and pneumonia (6.29%). In addition, fever, arthritis, pica and foot and mouth disease were encountered. The main causes of death in calf were pneumonia (3.739%) and FMD (1.78%). A variety of infectious agents are implicated in calf diarrhea and co-infection of multiple pathogens is not uncommon. The overall prevalence of microorganisms associated with diarrhea was 69.2% in which Clostridium perfringens was the highest (38.5%) within the first month of age. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp within first month of age was 7.7%. In this study, mixed infection with Clostridium perfringens and Cryptosporidium spp or Corona virus was found in 7.7% of diarrheic calves within 10 days of the age. It is now established that calf morbidity and mortality are an important limiting factors for the success of modern dairy farms and accordingly vigorous and comprehensive research should be taken to minimize the problem.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23715Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 37-43
Performances of Simental and Crossbreed Ongole in Fattening Beef Cattle Using Cassava Waste
Authors: Candra AA , Sukaryana Y , Noviadi R 
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this article was to examine the performance Simental cattle and crossbreed ongol (CO) in Fattening Beef Cattle Semi Intensive Systems Based Cassava Waste. Research was to use of 10 heifer divided into two groups; simental and crossbreed ongol (CO) strain. Heifer were given feed treated with the main feed ingredient cassava waste of skin and combined with the concentrate. The research that was heifer simental better response in Fattening Beef Cattle Semi Intensive System for the increase of body weight 43.7 kg and average daily gain 0.73 crossbreed ongol (CO) 33.3 kg and 0.59 Average daily gain. In this study Simental cows have a better response in feedlot beef cattle kereman system using cassava peel waste as compared to cow's main food ingredients hybrid ongol.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23961Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 53-56
L'audio-visuel face à la réalité de la possession
Authors: Pasty-Abdul Wahid Marianne 
Published: July 2015

La possession qui intervient dans le théâtre rituel hindou muṭiyēṯṯu' et plus généralement la présence de la divinité dans le corps de son principal ritualiste ne se traduisent pas, à première vue, par des « symptômes » captables à l’œil nu. Pourtant, ses praticiens et spectateurs racontent que le ritualiste se comporte comme seule la possession lui permettrait de le faire. L'ethnologue s'attache alors à documenter ce phénomène sur la base des critères locaux, braquant son objectif vers les détails clés indiqués par les connaisseurs et bravant la foule agitée des dévots pour saisir les instants où la possession est dite se manifester de manière perceptible. Les images captées renvoient toutefois à un registre du visible différent de celui auquel se réfèrent ses informateurs. La réalité de la présence de la divinité transparaît par contre de manière palpable dans les plans qui restituent le contexte dévotionnel, l’imbrication des activités rituelles encadrant la manifestation divine et le langage corporel des dévots lorsqu’ils font face à un homme qu’ils croient être la déesse incarnée. Ces prises de vues parlent, elles, de ce qui n’est pas directement accessible au regard de l’observateur non initié.
Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Ventricle, from the Conventional Approach to Speckle Tracking and Three-Dimensional Imaging, and Insights into the “Right Way” to Explore the Forgotten Chamber
Authors: Kossaify Antoine 
Published: July 2015

Background The right ventricle (RV) has an essential function in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Currently, it is gaining an increasing interest given its recognized role in many cardiovascular conditions. However, echocardiographic assessment of the RV in daily practice is frequently based on qualitative estimation, and it has been regarded as a neglected chamber. Objective We sought to review and discuss the appropriate approach and latest methods of assessment of the RV by echocardiography. Methods A MEDLINE/Pubmed search was performed, and 55 relevant articles were selected; articles addressing right ventricular assessment by echocardiography, along with the latest recommendations, have been reviewed and discussed. Results A RV diameter >42 mm at the base and >35 mm at the mid-cavitary level indicates right ventricular dilatation; a longitudinal myocardial velocity (S′) <9.5 mm/s, a tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion <17 mm, and a fractional area change <35% are indices of right ventricular systolic dysfunction. A right ventricular ejection fraction of >45% and an absolute value of global longitudinal strain of >21% reflect normal systolic function. The significance of dp/dt, the right myocardial performance index and isovolumic myocardial acceleration, is also discussed along with the parameters of right ventricular diastolic function. The use of novel echocardiographic approaches, such as three-dimensional echo and speckle tracking imaging, allows practitioners to overcome the challenges encountered with conventional echocardiography. Conclusion Accurate assessment of the RV by echocardiography yields early detection of cardiac diseases, enhances risk stratification, and allows timely initiation of appropriate therapy.
Integrative Care Therapies and Physiological and Pain-related Outcomes in Hospitalized Infants
Authors: Hathaway Elizabeth E. , Luberto Christina M. , Bogenschutz Lois H. , Geiss Sue , Wasson Rachel S. , Cotton Sian 
Published: July 2015

Background: Pain management is a frequent problem in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Few studies examining effects of integrative care therapies on pain-related outcomes in neonates have included physiological outcomes or investigated the use of such therapies in a practice-based setting. Objective: The purpose of this practice-based retrospective study was to examine the associations between integrative care therapies, particularly massage and healing touch, and pain-related outcomes among hospitalized infants. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of a clinical database from a level III NICU regularly delivering integrative care therapies. Paired-samples t-tests were used to examine associations between integrative care therapies and 4 pre-post outcome measures: therapist-rated pain and presentation (ranging from asleep to agitated) and neonates’ heart rate and oxygen saturation. Results: Of 186 patients (Mage=68 days), 58% were male and 67% were Caucasian. Sixty-two percent received both massage and healing touch; the remainder received a single therapy. From pre-post therapy, statistically significant changes were observed in infants’ heart rate (Mpre=156 vs Mpost=140 per minute; P<.001), oxygen saturation (Mpre=95.0% vs.Mpost=97.4%; P<.001), and therapist-reported pain (Mpre=2.8 vs Mpost=0.2; P<.001) and presentation (Mpre=3.2 vs. Mpost=1.0; P<.001). Conclusion: Observed improvements in pain-related outcomes suggest that massage and healing touch may be useful integrative therapies to consider as pain management options in the NICU.
Patient Decision Control and the Use of Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Mitchell Suzanne E. , Paasche-Orlow Michael K. , Orner Michelle B. , Stewart Sabrina K. , Kressin Nancy R. 
Published: July 2015

Background: Shared decision-making is a key determinant of patient-centered care. A lack of patient involvement in treatment decisions may explain persistent racial disparities in rates of cardiac catheterization (CCATH). To date, limited evidence exists to demonstrate whether patients who engage in shared decision-makingare more or less likely to undergo non-emergency CCATH. Objective: To assess the relationship between participation in the decision to undergo a CCATH and the use of CCATH. We also examined whether preference for or actual engagement in decision-making varied by patient race. Methods: We analyzed data from 826 male Veterans Administration patients for whom CCATH was indicated and who participated in the Cardiac Decision Making Study. Results: After controlling for con-founders, patients reporting any degree of decision control were more likely to receive CCATH compared with those reporting no control (doctor made decision without patient input) (54% vs 39%, P<.0001). Across racial groups, patients were equally likely to report a preference for control over decision-making (P=.53) as well as to experience discordance between their preference for control and their perception of the actual decision-making process (P=.59). Therefore, these factors did not mediate racial disparities in rates of CCATH use. Conclusion: Shared decision-making is an essential feature of whole-person care. While participation in decision-making may not explain disparities in CCATH rates, further work is required to identify strategies to improve congruence between patients’ desire for and actual control over decision-making to actualize patient-centered care.
Impact of Short- and Long-term Tai Chi Mind-Body Exercise Training on Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults: Results from a Hybrid Observational Study and Randomized Trial
Authors: Walsh Jacquelyn N. , Manor Brad , Hausdorff Jeffrey , Novak Vera , Lipsitz Lewis , Gow Brian , Macklin Eric A. , Peng Chung-Kang , Wayne Peter M. 
Published: July 2015

Background: Cognitive decline amongst older adults is a significant public health concern. There is growing interest in behavioral interventions, including exercise, for improving cognition. Studies to date suggest tai chi (TC) may be a safe and potentially effective exercise for preserving cognitive function with aging; however, its short-term and potential long-term impact on physically active, healthy adults is unclear. Objective: To compare differences in cognitive function among long-term TC expert practitioners and age-matched and gender-matched TC-naïve adults and to determine the effects of short-term TC training on measures of cognitive function in healthy, nonsedentary adults. Design: A hybrid design including an observational comparison and a 2-arm randomized clinical trial (RCT) Participants: Healthy, nonsedentary, TC-naive adults (50 y-79 y) and age-matched and gender-matched long-term TC experts Methods: A cross-sectional comparison of cognitive function in healthy TC-naïve (n=60) and TC expert (24.5 y ± 12 y experience; n=27) adults: TC-naïve adults then completed a 6-month, 2-arm, wait-list randomized clinical trial of TC training. Six measures of cognitive function were assessed for both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons. Results: TC experts exhibited trends towards better scores on all cognitive measures, significantly so for category fluency (P=.01), as well as a composite z score summarizing all 6 cognitive assessments (P=.03). In contrast, random assignment to 6 months of TC training in TC-naïve adults did not significantly improve any measures of cognitive function. Conclusions: In healthy nonsedentary adults, long-term TC training may help preserve cognitive function; however, the effect of short-term TC training in healthy adults remains unclear. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01340365
Ionospheric and plasmaspheric electron contents inferred from radio occultations and global ionospheric maps
Authors: González‐Casado G. , Juan J. M. , Sanz J. , Rovira‐Garcia A. , Aragon‐Angel A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe introduce a methodology to extract the separate contributions of the ionosphere and the plasmasphere to the vertical total electron content, without relying on a fixed altitude to perform that separation. The method combines two previously developed and tested techniques, namely, the retrieval of electron density profiles from radio occultations using an improved Abel inversion technique and a two‐component model for the topside ionosphere plus protonosphere. Taking measurements of the total electron content from global ionospheric maps and radio occultations from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate/FORMOSAT‐3 constellation, the ionospheric and plasmaspheric electron contents are calculated for a sample of observations covering 2007, a period of low solar and geomagnetic activity. The results obtained are shown to be consistent with previous studies for the last solar minimum period and with model calculations, confirming the reversal of the winter anomaly, the hemispheric asymmetry of the semiannual anomaly, and the existence in the plasmasphere of an annual anomaly in the South American sector of longitudes. The analysis of the respective fractional contributions from the ionosphere and the plasmasphere to the total electron content shows quantitatively that during the night the plasmasphere makes the largest contribution, peaking just before sunrise and during winter. On the other hand, the fractional contribution from the ionosphere reaches a maximum value around noon, which is nearly independent of season and geomagnetic latitude.
Dynamics of HVECs emitted from comet C/2011 L4 as observed by STEREO
Authors: Raouafi N.‐E. , Lisse C. M. , Stenborg G. , Jones G. H. , Schmidt C. A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHigh‐quality white‐light images from the Sun‐Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) HI‐1 telescope on board STEREO‐B reveal high‐velocity evanescent clumps (HVECs) expelled from the coma of the C/2011 L4 (Pan‐STARRS) comet. The observations were recorded around the comet's perihelion (i.e., ∼0.3 AU) during the period 9–16 March 2013. Animated images provide evidence of highly dynamic ejecta moving near radially in the antisunward direction. The bulk speed of the clumps at their initial detection in the HI1‐B images range from 200 to 400 km s−1 followed by an appreciable acceleration up to speeds of 450–600 km s−1, which are typical of slow to intermediate solar wind speeds. The clump velocities do not exceed these limiting values and seem to reach a plateau. The images also show that the clumps do not expand as they propagate. The white‐light images do not provide direct insight into the composition of the expelled clumps, which could potentially be composed of fine, submicron dust particles, neutral atoms and molecules, and/or ionized atomic/molecular cometary species. Although solar radiation pressure plays a role in accelerating and size sorting of small dust grains, it cannot accelerate them to velocities >200 km s−1 in the observed time interval of a few hours and distance of < 106 km. Further, order of magnitude calculations show that ionized single atoms or molecules accelerate too quickly compared to observations, while dust grains micron sized or larger accelerate too slowly. We find that neutral Na, Li, K, or Ca atoms with β > 50 could possibly fit the observations. Just as likely, we find that an interaction with the solar wind and the heliospheric magnetic field can cause the observed clump dynamical evolution, accelerating them quickly up to solar wind velocities. We thus speculate that the HVECs are composed of charged particles (dust particles) or neutral atoms accelerated by radiation pressure at β > 50 values. In addition, the data suggest that clump ejecta initially move along near‐radial, bright structures, which then separate into HVECs and larger dust grains that steadily bend backward relative to the comet's orbital motion due to the effects of solar radiation and gravity. These structures gradually form new striae in the dust tail. The near‐periodic spacing of the striae may be indicative of outgassing activity modulation due to the comet nucleus' rotation. It is, however, unclear whether all striae are formed as a result of this process.
New insights into embayed beach rotation: The importance of wave exposure and cross‐shore processes
Authors: Harley M. D. , Turner I. L. , Short A. D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough embayed beach rotation has been viewed and modeled as an alongshore sediment transport process acting on a uniform beach profile, recent research suggests a more complex response whereby alongshore variability in cross‐shore sediment fluxes may be more significant. This study utilizes 5 years of fully three‐dimensional beach surveys at Narrabeen‐Collaroy Beach (SE Australia) to quantify the control of alongshore nonuniform wave exposure and cross‐shore processes on embayed beach rotation. Empirical orthogonal function analysis of the alongshore variability in subaerial beach volume/width and berm slope confirms that the dominant mode of subaerial beach variability is an onshore/offshore sediment exchange that is strongly controlled (R > 0.8) by the alongshore gradient in breaker wave height and coincides with a uniform flattening/steepening of the berm slope. A secondary rotation‐like signal is observed in both the subaerial beach volume/width data and, significantly, the berm slope. This inverse flattening/steepening of the berm slope between beach extremities is most likely a proxy for differing cross‐shore processes within the surf zone between the exposed and sheltered ends of the embayment, particularly with regards to dissipation of storm wave energy by offshore sandbars and beach recovery following storms. Analysis of the corresponding wave data reveals two distinct time scales of wave forcing characteristic of short‐term erosion and longer‐term recovery processes. A new conceptual model is presented of three differing modes of embayed beach rotation, with the newly identified beach rotation mode controlled by offshore sandbars considered of particular importance at embayments where headland sheltering of oblique waves is pronounced.