bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Muscle-Invasive and Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Tumors
Authors: Ceylan Cavit , Doluoğlu Ömer G. , Keleş Ibrahim , Gazel Eymen , Temuçin Tülay , Odabaş Öner , Karalar Mustafa 
Published: May 2014

Introduction To research the importance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBC) and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Methods Data of 198 patients who underwent TUR-TM in our clinic were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups: group-I (MIBC) and group-II (NMIBC). The neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, NLR, hemoglobin and hematocrit values, tumor numbers, sizes and degrees of patients were recorded. Within the inter-group comparison, Mann-Whitney U test was used for the values stated with measuring, whereas a Chi-square test was used for the values stated with counting. The cut-off value for the NLR was determined with ROC curve. Results The NLR values of group-I and group-II were found as 4.14 ± 2.76 and 3.36 ± 2.88, respectively (p = 0.03). Whether the NLR carries a differential property was evaluated with ROC curve. The cut-off value was estimated as 3.96 according to the Youden index. With this value, sensitivity was found as 50%, specificity was 22.8% and AUC was 0.615 (p = 0.03). Discussion According to the data in this study, it can be said that Ta-T1 tumors are likely to be invasive by 50% if the NLR value is greater than 3.96.
Testicular Perfusion Apparatus
Authors: Skandhan Kalanghot Padmanabhan , Valsa James , Melta Rajesh 
Published: May 2014

Objectives A reproductive biology laboratory requires to provide reliable instruments for regular use of research workers. To understand an organ and perform scientific study and reach on a conclusion good instruments and techniques are essential. Such a suitable one is not available in case of testicular study. The present study is aimed to clear this lacuna. Materials and Methods A new testicular perfusion apparatus for rabbit and rat is designed and fabricated with glass. The glass blowing instrument available is used. The perfusion fluid preferred is Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4). Quartz wool provided in stem tube filters emboli present in it. Perfusate temperature is maintained to that of testis. A 26-gauge needle is introduced into the spermatic artery to allow entry of perfusate into testis. Method for the collection of perfusate leaving testis is available. This permits to measure the level of an injected substance before its entry through perfusion fluid into the testis, which shall be compared in the fluid after completion of perfusion. Results Initially few animal testes were used and found the instrument to be functioning well. Conclusion A new simple perfusion apparatus for testes of rabbit and rat is designed. The apparatus made out of glass could be prepared with the help of glass blowing facility and used regularly in any laboratory.
Pediatric Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Multi-Institutional Results
Authors: Özgür Berat Cem , Irkilata Lokman , Ekici Musa , Hoşcan Mustafa Burak , Sarici Haşmet , Yücetürk Cem Nedim , Karakan Tolga , Atilla Mustafa Kemal , Hasçiçek Ahmet Metin , Eroglu Muzaffer 
Published: May 2014

Aim To evaluate the efficacy, auxiliary procedures and complications of pediatric extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) performed with electrohydraulic lithotripters. Methods Children with urolithiasis, aged between 0 and 15, were retrospectively evaluated. ESWL was performed by using two different electrohydraulic lithotripters, Elmed Multimed Classic (Elmed Medical Systems, Ankara, Turkey) and E-1000 (EMD Medical Systems, Ankara, Turkey), between January 2008 and December 2012 in four different referral centers in Turkey. Results 85.5% of patients were stone-free at 3 months. Further ESWL treatment was needed in 33.7% of the cases (one session, n = 55; two sessions, n = 15; three sessions, n = 13). Steinstrasse occurred in 10 patients but 8 of them cleared completely during the follow-up period. Urinary tract infection was detected in 3 (3.9%), fever in 3 (3.9%) and a small subcapsular hematoma in one (1.3%) patient, respectively. When the stones were divided into two groups as those with diameters <10 mm and ≥10 mm, it was found that the stone-free rate was associated with stone diameter, and that the smaller diameters had higher but statistically insignificant stone-free rates (P = 0.196). Conclusion ESWL yields favorable results with low rates of complication and auxiliary procedures in selected pediatric patients.
NACA (Nascent-Polypeptide-Associated Complex α Subunit) Against Apoptosis in B Lymphoma Cell is Independent of β Subunit (NACB)
Authors: Weiqi Zeng  , Min Qi  , Jianglin Zhang  , Xiang Chen  
Published: May 2014

We found depletion of NACA in two kinds of B lymphoma cell lines, Raji and Kapas, were able to induce apoptosis in this study. We also explored whether depletion of Z² subunit had the same effect, and we were interested in which domain of NACA was potentially responsible to this anti-apoptosis function. Lentivirus-based shRNA was used to deplete endogenous NACA or NACB. Those cells viabilities were measured by Alamar-blueTM assay. Cell apoptosis was identified by molecular markers caspase9 and PARP, as well as cellular markers Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining. NACA mutants were constructed by PCR site-directed mutagenesis and delivered into cells by Lentivirus. Immunofluoresce was used to investigate cellular distribution in 293FT cells. Our results demonstrated that the depletion of NACA, but not NACB, was able to induce apoptosis. Deletion of middle or C-term rather than N-term induced obvious apoptosis. The middle part of NACA was response to bind NACB and form a complex. Without middle part, NACA redistributed into nuclei. We conclude NACA against apoptosis is independent of Z² subunit. C-term of NACA, which is identified as ubiquitin binding domain, and may take important role in anti-apoptosis function.
Aïnous de Tokyo : une nouvelle géographie politique autochtone au Japon ?
Authors: Watson Mark K. , Froment-Lebeau Maryse 
Published: May 2014

Historiquement, au Japon, les mesures politiques concernant les Aïnous ont toujours été restreintes au territoire d’Hokkaidō. Toutefois, en reconnaissant officiellement les Aïnous en tant que peuple autochtone du nord du Japon et de ses environs en 2008, le gouvernement a pris la décision sans précédent – et pourtant souvent négligée – d’inclure les Aïnous résidant hors du territoire d’Hokkaidō dans l’élaboration d’une politique nationale aïnoue. Cet article expose le rôle qu’a joué le mouvement politique aïnou à Tokyo au cours des quatre dernières décennies, dans une campagne visant l’égalité des droits des Aïnous indépendamment de leur lieu de résidence. Il aborde également les politiques trop bien connues qui sous-tendent la reconnaissance du peuple aïnou ; reconnaissance qui promettait beaucoup plus que ce que le gouvernement n’avait l’intention d’accomplir.
La fierté d’être anormal : valorisation des stigmas comme nouvelle identité chez les lolita et angura à Tokyo
Authors: D’Orangeville Akané 
Published: May 2014

Les quartiers du centre de Tokyo sont reconnus mondialement pour l’excentricité esthétique de certains individus qu’on y retrouve, notamment à Shinjuku, Harajuku, Shibuya ou Roppongi. Ils forment des communautés de sous-culture et participent activement à la vie culturelle de la ville à travers des évènements de mode, des spectacles, des soirées de danse ou des expositions artistiques. Les lolita, les gothiques, les angura (« underground ») et les fétichistes forment, à travers ces évènements, une communauté esthétiquement et culturellement marginale. Cette note de recherche se penche sur la construction identitaire des membres de ces communautés et sur le discours de l’« anomalie » et de la « perversion » comme élément clé de leur identité « marginale ». Leur identité en tant qu’« anormaux » est centrale à leurs activités et se veut une résistance esthétique contre la culture dominante.
The Marked Goby (Ctenobgobius stigmaticus): A Rare North Carolina Fish Enigma
Authors: Perschbacher Peter W. , Schwartz Frank J. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The marked goby (Ctenogobius stigmaticus Poey, 1860) is a diminutive, uncommon, tropical-subtropical Atlantic fish. It is considered rare in North Carolina. It has been confused in the past with the similar darter goby (Ctenogobius boleosoma Jordan and Gilbert, 1882) and considered common in North Carolina. Recently, some of the confusion has been eliminated and characters to separate these two similar gobies identified. These characters were used to determine that six specimens were collected and cataloged from the state (one is missing, but a photograph has the marked goby coloration). Examining the remaining five, it became obvious that only one is C. stigmaticus. The four others are presumably the darter goby, as anal fin ray counts (which presumably was used to separate them) may overlap. Differences in head shape, maxillary length relative to eye, and the presence of tusks in C. stigmaticus compared to the darter goby could be considered in future keys. Color patterns are also strikingly different in specimens where color still exists. Unfortunately, the four specimens in question lack clear color patterns after preservation. Thus, only two specimens of the marked goby from North Carolina are known. Fortunately, these specimens were captured with substantial environmental data during the most intensive inshore aquatic survey of fishes and macroinvertebrates in the state: daily sampling from March to November 1968–1977 with varied gear in the lower Cape Fear River and adjacent ocean. The range of the marked goby thus extends from SE North Carolina to the border of Brazil and Uruguay, roughly 34 N to 34 S. All specimens have been taken in large lagoons or estuarine bays, in shallow to intertidal waters, on muddy-sand bottoms, and in moderate salinities. The difficulty in sampling these small (≤80 mm TL), slender fishes may also contribute to their scarcity and lack of knowledge.
Natural History of an Introduced Population of Squirrel Treefrogs (Hyla squirella) on the Delmarva Peninsula
Authors: Mitchell Joseph C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHyla squirella was not known to occur on Delmarva until an established population was discovered at the southernmost tip of the peninsula in the Eastern Shore of Virginia Natural Wildlife Refuge in 2005. Male vocalizations were heard periodically throughout the refuge during daytime and evening hours from 27 May to 7 September 2006. Large choruses of males were heard 27 May and 9 and 27 June 2006. A large breeding event was observed on 9 June in a temporary pond. The smallest mature male was 27 mm SVL and weighed 1.1 g and the smallest mature female was 31 mm SVL, 1.7 g, and gravid. Mean adult male SVL was significantly smaller than the mean for adult females. Metamorphs found on 19 October averaged 13.0 ± 0.21 mm SVL and weighed 0.164 ± 0.009 g. Ecological and life history parameters of the introduced population of H. squirella on Delmarva do not appear to differ from those of populations in the natural portion of its range. This established population offers opportunities to elucidate a variety of questions about northward range expansion, genetics, and tolerance limits.
Helicobacter Pylori Positive Dyspepsia in Relation to Ocular Manifestations and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Vardhan Nishant , Chaudhary Kulbhushan Prakash , Sharma Vinod , Sharma Sudershan Kumar , Sharma Brij 
Published: May 2014

Aim:
To find out the correlation between H. Pylori infection and various ocular manifestations including Primary open angle (POAG) glaucoma, uveitis, blepharitis, CSR and dry eye syndromes.

Materials and Methods:
Patients of dyspepsia visiting gastroenterology department (Gastrogroup-100 patients) were subjected to detailed ocular examination and patients visiting eye OPD (POAG-50 patients) were subjected for endoscopic and histopathological examination for the confirmation of H. Pylori (HP) infection. In gastrogroup, we have included 50 H. pylori positive and 50 H. pylori negative patients.

Results:
In Gastrogroup (HP+ve) – glaucoma in 3 (6%), blepharitis in 7 (14%) and dry eye in 5(10%) patients were detected. In Gastrogroup (HP-ve) - glaucoma in 1 (2%), blepharitis in 2 (4%) and dry eye in 2 (4%) patients were found. No patient was detected positive for CSR and uveitis in both the groups. Out of 50 patients, 44 subjects were HP+ve and 6 were HP-ve.88% of patients were found positive for H. Pylori infection in POAG group.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of dry eye, POAG was found higher in H. pylori positive patients as compared to H. pylori negative patients. This correlation of H. pylori positivity and H. pylori negativity was not statistically significant in present study (p=0.12 for POAG, p=0.24 for Dry eye). In POAG group, prevalence of H. pylori infection seems to be high (88%), but general population of north India found to have same infectivity rate. The prevalence of blepharitis was found higher in H. pylori positive individuals in present study (p=0.03). It is suggested that any patient with recurrent gastritis should be subjected for detailed ocular examination.
Secondary Plasmacytoma of The Orbit In A Patient With Refractory Ig G Kappa Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Turaka Aruna 
Published: May 2014

Aim:
To report the image findings and treatment response of orbital plasmacytoma in a patient with Durie-Salmon Stage IIIA recurrent refractory multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods:
A case report

Results:
A 52 year old woman with 2 years prior history of relapsed refractory Ig G kappa MM presented with exophthalmia, restricted motility and poor vision in left eye. Ocular examination revealed light perception vision with severe proptosis, moderate ophthalmoplegia, conjunctival chemosis and total retinal detachment in the left eye. CT and MRI of the orbits revealed 2 separate large masses in the superolateral orbit and apex of the left orbit, where were treated with orbital radiation of 20 Gy. She had improvement in the ocular symptoms with decrease in proptosis with no marked improvement in visual acuity. Despite of aggressive systemic chemotherapy she succumbed to death within 3 months due to distant metastatic lesions of MM.

Conclusions:
Plasmacytoma of the orbit is rare. Radiotherapy helps in improving the symptoms by decreasing the size of lesions thereby relieving the orbital pressure and provides better quality of life to patients with advanced systemic illness such as MM.
Terminator field‐aligned currents: A new finding from the Ionospheric Dynamics and Electrodynamics Data Assimilation Model
Authors: Zhu L. , Schunk R. W. , Eccles V. , Scherliess L. , Sojka J. J. , Gardner L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA new field‐aligned current system in the high‐latitude ionosphere has been discovered. The finding was based on the reconstructions from the Ionospheric Dynamics and Electrodynamics Data Assimilation Model with the ingestion of ground‐based magnetometer measurements. The new current system develops and evolves along the ionospheric terminator, and it is thus termed as the terminator field‐aligned currents. This is the first field‐aligned current system in the high‐latitude ionosphere that is not directly driven by the magnetospheric dynamics and has an ionospheric origin. The study of it will help us to explore the active role of the ionosphere in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling and improve the physical understanding of the electrodynamics and plasma dynamics of many small‐scale structures in the polar ionosphere.
Global Stabilization of Marine Risers with Varying Tension and Rotational Inertia
Authors: Nguyen T. L. , Do K. D. , Pan J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a design of boundary controllers implemented at the top end for global stabilization of a marine riser under environmental loadings. Based on the energy approach, nonlinear partial differential equations of motion including varying tension and rotational inertia for the riser are derived. The Lyapunov direct method is used as a design tool to design the boundary controller comprising of forces and moments to compensate rotational effects. It is shown that the proposed boundary controllers can effectively reduce the riser's vibrations. Proof of the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of closed loop systems are provided based on the Galerkin approximation method. Stability analysis of the closed‐loop system is performed using the Lyapunov direct method. Numerical simulations illustrate the results.
Sliding‐Mode Velocity Control of a Two‐Wheeled Self‐Balancing Vehicle
Authors: Yih Chih‐Chen 
Published: May 2014

AbstractUnderactuated vehicles are those in which the number of control inputs is less than the degrees of freedom to be controlled. Using actuated wheels, velocity control of the two‐wheeled self‐balancing vehicle drives the vehicle at a desired speed and balances the body of the vehicle. First, we investigate the effects of friction on the wheel and derive the hybrid model of rolling and slipping. Second, we propose a nonlinear sliding mode velocity control scheme for the pure rolling model of the two‐wheeled vehicle. We present the design of the corresponding sliding surfaces and internal dynamics of the two‐wheeled vehicle. Our stability analysis reveals that the proposed sliding mode method can guarantee the asymptotic stability of the error dynamics for velocity control of the underactuated vehicle. Compared to linear optimal control, our numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed sliding mode schemes can effectively control the velocity under the circumstances of parametric variations, emergency braking, and rapid acceleration in slippery road conditions. The proposed velocity control and the simulation improve our understanding on designing velocity control of the two‐wheeled self‐balancing vehicle.
Amino acids as novel nucleophiles for silver nanoparticle‐luminol chemiluminescence
Authors: Li Na , Ni Shubiao 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe use of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) as reductants in chemiluminescence (CL) has been reported only rarely owing to their high oxidation potentials. Interestingly, nucleophiles could dramatically lower the oxidation potential of Ag NPs, such that in the presence of nucleophiles Ag NPS could be used as reductants to induce the CL emission of luminol, an important CL reagent widely used in forensic analysis for the detection of trace amounts of blood. Although nucleophiles are indispensible in Ag NP‐luminol CL, only inorganic nucleophiles such as Cl‐, Br‐, I‐ and S2O32‐ have been shown to be efficient. The effects of organic nucleophiles on CL remain unexplored. In this study, 20 standard amino acids were evaluated as novel organic nucleophiles in Ag NP‐luminol CL. Histidine, lysine and arginine could initiate CL emission; the others could not. It is proposed that the different behaviors of 20 standard amino acids in the CL reactions derive from the interface chemistry between Ag NPs and these amino acids. UV/vis absorption spectra were studied to validate the interface chemistry. In addition, imidazole and histidine were chosen as a model pair to compare the behavior of the monodentate nucleophile with that of the corresponding multidentate nucleophile in Ag NP‐luminol CL. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo and in vitro activity of an immunoglobulin Fc fragment (Fcab) with engineered Her‐2/neu binding sites
Authors: Woisetschläger Max , Antes Bernhard , Borrowdale Radha , Wiederkum Susanne , Kainer Manuela , Steinkellner Herta , Wozniak‐Knopp Gordana , Moulder Kevin , Rüker Florian , Mudde Geert C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAntigen‐binding Fc fragments (Fcabs) are a new unique class of immunotherapeutics. They are small (50 kD) fully functional antibody alternatives that bind antigen and elicit effector functions such as antibody‐dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity. Since Fcabs carry the natural FcRn binding site of antibodies, they have very favorable pharmacokinetics. We showed recently that Fcab H10‐03‐6 is a high‐affinity binder of Her‐2/neu (ErbB2/neu) mediating killing of Her‐2/neu‐overexpressing tumor cells in the presence of immune effector cells, strongly suggesting that the mechanism of killing is due to ADCC. The present study further confirms ADCC as the mechanism by which H10‐03‐6 mediates tumor cell killing, since H10‐03‐6 was shown to interact simultaneously with Her‐2/neu and the Fc receptor CD16a. The epitope recognized by H10‐03‐6 overlaps with that of the clinically used monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. However, unlike trastuzumab, Fcab H10‐03‐6 did not inhibit proliferation of human tumor cells in vitro even under conditions favoring Her‐2/neu crosslinking. Treatment of mice harboring human BT‐474 cell xenograft tumors with Fcab H10‐03‐6 led to statistically significant retardation of tumor growth. For the first time, in vivo properties of an Fcab are presented, supporting the view that Fcabs could become highly efficacious immunotherapeutics for human use.
Pharmacological treatment of the basic defect in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Roomans Godfried M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease due to a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel in epithelial cells. There are about 1900 mutations, divided in several groups, for example, stop mutations, mutations affecting the permeability of the channel, and mutations in which the mutated CFTR is recognized as abnormal and destroyed. Pharmacological treatment has become possible for stop mutations (about 10% of the patients), and for a rare mutation affecting channel permeability. For the majority of patients, however, that have a mutation in which the mutated CFTR is destroyed on its way to the cell membrane, research is still in progress, although a number of compounds have been identified that (at least partly) corrects the error in chloride transport.
Efficient Gas‐Liquid Cyclone Device for Recycled Hydrogen in a Hydrogenation Unit
Authors: Ma Liang , Shen Qisong , Li Jianping , Zhang Yanhong , Wu Jingping , Wang Hualin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAn efficient cyclone device for removing hydrocarbon fog droplets in recycled hydrogen was developed based on experimental studies and industrial application. Conditions for optimal separation efficiency of the gas‐liquid cyclone were determined. The device reduced raw material losses and desulfurizer consumption and improved desulfurization efficiency, thereby increasing the purity of the cycled hydrogen and decreasing the mean molecular weight of gas. Energy consumption of the cycled hydrogen compressor as well as the pollution discharge of the hydrogenation unit were also diminished.
Development of a Ruthenium/Phosphite Catalyst System for Domino Hydroformylation–Reduction of Olefins with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Liu Qiang , Wu Lipeng , Fleischer Ivana , Selent Detlef , Franke Robert , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAn efficient domino ruthenium‐catalyzed reverse water‐gas‐shift (RWGS)‐hydroformylation‐reduction reaction of olefins to alcohols is reported. Key to success is the use of specific bulky phosphite ligands and triruthenium dodecacarbonyl as the catalyst. Compared to the known ruthenium/chloride system, the new catalyst allows for a more efficient hydrohydroxymethylation of terminal and internal olefins with carbon dioxide at lower temperature. Unwanted hydrogenation of the substrate is prevented. Preliminary mechanism investigations uncovered the homogeneous nature of the active catalyst and the influence of the ligand and additive in individual steps of the reaction sequence.