bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ta Nang gold deposit in the black shales of Central Vietnam
Authors: Anh Tran Tuan , Gaskov I.V. , Hoa Tran Trong , Borisenko A.S. , Izokh A.E. , Dung Pham Thi , Li Vu Hoang , Mai Nguyen Thi 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The Ta Nang gold deposit is localized in Middle Jurassic black shales. The ore zone is a series of layer-by-layer crush zones and zones of hydrothermal rock alteration, ≤10 m in thickness and &gt;2 km in length. It consists of quartz–sulfide veins, sulfidized black shales, and their hydrothermally altered varieties. Sulfide mineralization occurs as two assemblages: early pyrite–arsenopyrite and late chalcopyrite–sphalerite– galena. The pyrite–arsenopyrite assemblage is composed of different morphogenetic varieties. Coarse-crystalline arsenopyrite and pyrite aggregates and metacrystals of different orientations, 0.1 to 10 mm in size, are the most widespread. The chalcopyrite–sphalerite–galena assemblage is scarce. Along with the main ore minerals, it includes more rare minerals: pyrrhotite, lead sulfosalts (tsugaruite), and gold, which form a spatial assemblage with the main minerals or small inclusions in them. Gold occurs mainly as fine dissemination in cracks in pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, and quartz. Gold content in sulfidized carbonaceous shales is no more than tenths of ppm, averaging 0.38 ppm. This content in the quartz veins is considerably higher, averaging 3.92 ppm. Silver contents in the shales and quartz veins are similar and equal to 2.68 and 5.30 ppm, respectively. Also, the sulfidized rocks and veins have elevated contents of Fe, As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, and Co; most of these elements (Fe, As, Pb, Zn, and Cu) make up their own sulfide minerals, and the others are trace elements. According to 39Ar/40Ar dating of sericite from the quartz–sulfide veins, their age is 129.3 ± 5.6 Ma, which is close to the age of the Cretaceous granite intrusions of the Deo Ca complex. These veins formed from moderately strong solutions (11.7–6.4 wt.% NaCl equiv) with the CH4 + N2 + CO2 gas phase at 340–130 °C. Judging from the S isotope composition (δ34S = 1.6–4.3‰), predominantly deep-seated endogenic sulfur participated in the formation of ore sulfide associations. Analysis of the distribution of gold shows that it was deposited together with sulfide minerals (galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite) at a later stage.
Electron probe microanalysis of rock-forming minerals with a JXA-8100 electron probe microanalyzer
Authors: Lavrent’ev Yu.G. , Korolyuk V.N. , Usova L.V. , Nigmatulina E.N. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The protocol for analysis of rock-forming mineral compositions by X-ray electron probe microanalysis used at the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Novosibirsk, Russia, is described. The analysis is conducted with a JXA-8100 electron probe microanalyzer capable to support a highly stable beam at relatively high probe currents for a long time. Elements that can be assayed range from sodium (atomic number Z = 11) to zinc (Z = 30). The operation conditions for routine analyses are substantiated: accelerating voltage 20 kV, probe current 50–100 nA, and signal accumulation time 10 s at both the peak and the background. The method of analytical problem formulation for measurements is presented. It is proven that the proprietary software is insufficient with the presence of the binary matrix effect and better correction methods are required. Metrological characteristics of the protocol have been studied. The variation coefficient, describing the reproducibility of results, averages 0.9% for major components (C &gt; 10%), 2.5% for minor components (1 &lt; C &lt; 10%), and 6.8% for accessory components (0.3 &lt; C &lt; 1%). With still lower contents (0.05 &lt; C &lt; 0.3 %), the standard deviation of reproducibility is 0.02%. The values of the variation coefficient and standard deviation for measurement repeatability are approximately two times lower. The relative trueness of the method is within 1%. The detection limit (3σ criterion) is generally within 0.01–0.03%. It can be improved by an order of magnitude by increasing the accumulation time and probe current.
Geochemical factors for endogenic mineral formation in the bottom sediments of the Tazheran lakes (Baikal area)
Authors: Strakhovenko V.D. , Solotchina E.P. , Vosel’ Yu.S. , Solotchin P.A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We studied recent sedimentation in small saline and brackish lakes located in the Ol’khon region (western Baikal area) with arid and semiarid climate. The lakes belong to the Tazheran system; it is a series of compactly located closed shallow lakes, with a limited catchment area and different mineralization, under the same landscape, climatic, geologic, and geochemical conditions. Two complementary approaches are applied in the research: (1) a detailed study of individual lake and (2) a comparison of the entire series of lakes, which can be considered a natural model for studying the relationship between endogenic mineral formation and the geochemistry of lake waters. The lake waters and bottom sediments were studied by a set of modern methods of geochemistry, mineralogy, and crystal chemistry. The mineral component of the bottom sediments was analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The lakes are characterized by predominant carbonate sedimentation; authigenic pyrite, smectite, chlorite, and illite are detected in assemblage with carbonate minerals in the bottom sediments. Carbonate phases have been identified, and their proportions have been determined in the samples by decomposition of the complex XRD profiles of carbonate minerals into peaks using the Pearson VII function. Mathematical modeling of the XRD profiles of carbonates has revealed that predominantly Mg-calcites with variable Mg content and excess-Ca dolomite accumulate in lake bottom sediments influenced by biogenic processes. Aragonite, monohydrocalcite, and rhodochrosite form in some lakes along with carbonates of the calcite–dolomite series. We show a dependence of the composition of the assemblages of the newly formed endogenic carbonate minerals and their crystallochemical characteristics on the chemical composition of lake waters.
The biostratigraphy and sedimentary environments of the Lower Cretaceous section, Malaya Kheta structural-facies region, West Siberia
Authors: Marinov V.A. , Zlobina O.N. , Igol’nikov A.E. , Mogucheva N.K. , Urman O.S. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The biostratigraphic study of the Low Cretaceous sediments of the Middle Messoyakha swell (Malaya Kheta region) distinguished 12 biostratons based on biofossil data and thus confirmed Boreal Berriassian, Valanginian, and Lower Hauterivian strata. The genetic types of the sediments were determined by lithofacies and biofacies analyses. In the deposit, the Bazhenovo and Kulomzino horizons (Berriassian to basal Valanginian) consist of relatively deep-water marine, shallow-water marine, and coastal-continental facies that displace one another along the strike. The Tara and Ust’-Balyk horizons (middle Lower Valanginian to Lower Hauterivian) are composed of shallow-water marine facies. Paleontological data suggest a low-hilled island covered with conifer–gingko forests with fern understory in the place of the Middle Messoyakha swell in the Berriassian Age.
Unusual Devonian coal: A new type of jet
Authors: Shumilov I.Kh. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A new type of jet from continental Devonian sediments is described. The substrate for gagatization was fragments of Archaeopteris plants, whose burials in sandstone strata are characterized by a kind of spheroidal weathering of organic matter; the material is completely fusainized. This type of jet combines the properties of classical jet and inertinite. The new type of jet was named tsilmanite—after the place of its discovery.
Morphotectonics and paleoseismology of the eastern end of the Bolnay fault (Mongolia)
Authors: Arzhannikova A.V. , Vassallo R. , Arzhannikov S.G. , Jolivet M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The Bolnay (Hangayn) fault is an active shear system which generated the M = 8.2–38.5 Bolnay earthquake of 23 July 1905, one of world’s largest recorded intracontinental event. The fault follows the Mesozoic suture formed during the closure of the Mongolia–Okhotsk ocean. The Late Cenozoic faulting in the region was induced by propagation of strain from the India–Eurasia collision that had reached Mongolia at about 5 ± 3 Ma. The left-lateral strike slip almost all over the fault length is compensated in its western end by Late Quaternary reverse motion. We estimated coseismic slip associated with the event of 1905 and the previous earthquakes in the eastern fault end and checked whether vertical offset compensates the strike slip in this part as well. The 1905 coseismic slip measured from a displaced dry stream bed and pebble bars in the Hasany-Gol river valley was 6.5–7.5 m. The 13 ± 1 m left-lateral displacement of pebble bars in the same valley represents a cumulative slip of two events. Paleoseismological studies across the strike of surface ruptures reveal at least two generations of rupture in two events that postdated the deposition of sediments with a 14C age of 4689 ± 94 yr. Hypsometry of the alluvial surface in the zone of deformation shows gradual elevation increase toward the mountains, but without abrupt change across the fault. This means the absence of vertical offset and reactivation of the fault as a left-lateral strike slip. The horizontal slip in the eastern extension of the Bolnay fault is compensated rather by parallel fault-bounded pull-apart basins trending northeastward oblique to the principal fault strike. The age of their sedimentary fill suggests no older than middle Pleistocene normal faulting that compensated the Bolnay strike slip.
Regional features of seismotectonic deformations in East Asia based on earthquake focal mechanisms and their use for geodynamic zoning
Authors: Kuchai O.A. , Kozina M.E. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Seismotectonic deformations of crustal volumes related to geographical coordinates were calculated from data on earthquake focal mechanisms. The crust of the western part of Asia, including the Tien Shan, Tarim massif, Tibet, Pamir-Karakorum, and Kun Lun, undergoes predominantly longitudinal shortening and latitudinal extension. In the eastern part, longitudinal extension and latitudinal shortening are observed. The notional boundary separating these parts is determined over a fairly wide range between longitudes 95° and 103° E and is apparently related to the northward compression from the Indian plate in the south and the westward compression from the Okhotsk and Philippine plates in the east. At the same time, this boundary may indicate the maximum zone of influence of the Indian plate. The boundaries of the Amurian plate are inferred from changes in seismotectonic deformations in the eastern part of Asia. Differences in the seismotectonic deformation of the Earth’s crust are found within the northern part of the Okhotsk plate and the surrounding area.
Determining the electrical conductivity tensor of the lithosphere of the Baltic Shield
Authors: Plotkin V.V. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Data of magnetovariational sounding (MVS) under the IMAGE (International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects) project and data of magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) under the BEAR (Baltic Electromagnetic Array Research) project are processed with consideration of the lateral inhomogeneity of the electromagnetic field in order to fully determine the components of the electrical conductivity tensor of Baltic Shield rocks. In the reconstruction of the anisotropy characteristics from the MVS and MTS data, an approximate domain description of the bounded polygon area with an effective electrical conductivity tensor is used. Maps of the lateral distributions of its eigenvalues and the strike azimuth of maximum electrical conductivity are constructed. According to available experimental data, an azimuth angle of 40°–60° best describes the direction of the principal axis of the tensor with maximum electrical conductivity on the Baltic Shield. Comparison of the results obtained from seismic and electromagnetic data indicates a possible correlation between the strike azimuths of maximum electrical conductivity and low seismic velocities, as well as similarity of the boundaries of the corresponding domain structures of the Baltic Shield.
Autoevaluación de los profesores de clínica integral de medicina sobre su desempeño docente
Authors: Osornio-Castillo Leticia , Sánchez-Reyes Acela , Ríos-Saldaña M. Refugio , Méndez-Cruz Adolfo René , Moreno-Fernández América Anahí , Ángeles-Cruz Rocío Tomasa , Hurtado-Díaz José Luis 
Published: September 2015

Introducción: Dadas las necesidades de la sociedad actual, es innegable que para lograr la mejora de la calidad educativa se hace indispensable la reflexión crítica del profesor sobre desempeño docente.
Objetivo: Describir la autoevaluación que hace el profesor de clínica integral de la carrera de médico cirujano sobre su desempeño docente.
Método: Estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal; participaron 381 profesores de los 4 niveles de ciclos clínicos de la carrera de médico cirujano a quienes se les aplicó de manera grupal una escala de autoevaluación docente previo consentimiento.
Resultados: Se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar por ciclo, se autoevaluaron mejor los docentes del cuarto ciclo. En técnicas didácticas todos los ciclos se evaluaron más bajo; no se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas por género, aunque se autoevaluaron mejor los profesores. Con respecto a la antigüedad también se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas: los que tenían entre 20 y 30 años de antigüedad docente se evaluaron con menor puntaje.
Conclusiones: Los docentes de clínica integral, en lo referente a su desempeño docente, reconocen la necesidad de diversificar el uso de técnicas didácticas, consideran que fundamentan las actividades clínicas y que están comprometidos con la eseñanza.
La satisfacción escolar en los estudiantes del primer año de la carrera de Médico Cirujano
Authors: Osorio-Alvarez María Del Carmen , Parra Gámez Leticia 
Published: September 2015

Introducción: Es un estudio que abordó la satisfacción escolar como un elemento importante en la evaluación cognitivo-afectiva de las experiencias escolares del estudiante de Medicina. Se enfocó en las asignaturas del primer año de la carrera de Médico Cirujano de la UNAM en el plan de estudios de 2010.
Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de satisfacción escolar en cada una de las asignaturas correspondientes al primer año de la carrera de Médico Cirujano considerando aspectos del contexto escolar.
Método: Por medio de una encuesta tipo Likert se abordó la percepción del alumno en 8 categorías relacionadas con la organización escolar. Se contrastaron los resultados entre asignaturas de la misma área curricular y se utilizó la prueba Z, que compara proporciones.
Resultados: En la comparación de asignaturas del Área Biomédica se encontró que Embriología Humana resultó con mejor percepción en 6 de los 7 aspectos investigados. Para las asignaturas del Área Clínica, Integración Básico Clínica I obtuvo una mejor percepción en 3 de las 7 categorías en relación con Informática Biomédica I. En las asignaturas sociomédicas y Humanísticas se encontró que Introducción a la Salud Mental I aparece mejor posicionada en 4 de las 7 categorías en relación con Salud Pública y Comunidad.
Conclusiones: Al considerar las 3 áreas que establece el mapa curricular de la carrera de Médico Cirujano se observó en posición destacada a las Asignaturas Embriología Humana, Integración Básico Clínica I y Salud Mental I como aquellas asignaturas en las cuales los alumnos refieren una mejor satisfacción escolar. Los datos en algunas categorías abren la posibilidad de nuevos estudios, como, por ejemplo, «las horas de clase» y «la percepción de la utilidad de los contenidos»
Comprehensive analysis of the flowering genes in Chinese cabbage and examination of evolutionary pattern of CO-like genes in plant kingdom
Authors: Song Xiaoming , Duan Weike , Huang Zhinan , Liu Gaofeng , Wu Peng , Liu Tongkun , Li Ying , Hou Xilin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn plants, flowering is the most important transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. The flowering patterns of monocots and eudicots are distinctly different, but few studies have described the evolutionary patterns of the flowering genes in them. In this study, we analysed the evolutionary pattern, duplication and expression level of these genes. The main results were as follows: (i) characterization of flowering genes in monocots and eudicots, including the identification of family-specific, orthologous and collinear genes; (ii) full characterization of CONSTANS-like genes inBrassica rapa(BraCOLgenes), the key flowering genes; (iii) exploration of the evolution ofCOLgenes in plant kingdom and construction of the evolutionary pattern ofCOLgenes; (iv) comparative analysis ofCOandFTgenes betweenBrassicaceaeandGrass, which identified several family-specific amino acids and revealed that CO and FT protein structures were similar inB. rapaandArabidopsisbut different in rice; and (v) expression analysis of photoperiod pathway-related genes inB. rapaunder different photoperiod treatments by RT-qPCR. This analysis will provide resources for understanding the flowering mechanisms and evolutionary pattern ofCOLgenes. In addition, this genome-wide comparative study ofCOLgenes may also provide clues for evolution of other flowering genes.
Bidirectional three‐phase high‐frequency ac link dc–ac converter used for energy storage
Authors: Sha Deshang , Chen Jianliang 
Published: September 2015

In this study, a bidirectional three‐phase high‐frequency ac link dc–ac converter is proposed for energy storage with low dc voltage. The operation of the converter changes with the direction of power flow. The proposed topology has the following advantages: high voltage conversion gain, high power factor, high conversion efficiency and high power density. The operation principle of the general control strategy, mode analysis and gate signals generation are discussed. The proposed architecture and the general control strategy have been validated by experimental results of a 300 W laboratory prototype using supercapacitors as the storage device.
XLmap: an R package to visualize and score protein structure models based on sites of protein cross-linking
Authors: Schweppe Devin K. , Chavez Juan D. , Bruce James E. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Chemical cross-linking with mass spectrometry (XL-MS) provides structural information for proteins and protein complexes in the form of crosslinked residue proximity and distance constraints between reactive residues. Utilizing spatial information derived from cross-linked residues can therefore assist with structural modeling of proteins. Selection of computationally derived model structures of proteins remains a major challenge in structural biology. The comparison of site interactions resulting from XL-MS with protein structure contact maps can assist the selection of structural models.
Availability and implementation: XLmap was implemented in R and is freely available at: http://brucelab.gs.washington.edu/software.php.
Contact: jimbruce@uw.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CLUSTERnGO: a user-defined modelling platform for two-stage clustering of time-series data
Authors: Fidaner Işık Barış , Cankorur-Cetinkaya Ayca , Dikicioglu Duygu , Kirdar Betul , Cemgil Ali Taylan , Oliver Stephen G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMotivation: Simple bioinformatic tools are frequently used to analyse time-series datasets regardless of their ability to deal with transient phenomena, limiting the meaningful information that may be extracted from them. This situation requires the development and exploitation of tailor-made, easy-to-use and flexible tools designed specifically for the analysis of time-series datasets.Results: We present a novel statistical application called CLUSTERnGO, which uses a model-based clustering algorithm that fulfils this need. This algorithm involves two components of operation. Component 1 constructs a Bayesian non-parametric model (Infinite Mixture of Piecewise Linear Sequences) and Component 2, which applies a novel clustering methodology (Two-Stage Clustering). The software can also assign biological meaning to the identified clusters using an appropriate ontology. It applies multiple hypothesis testing to report the significance of these enrichments. The algorithm has a four-phase pipeline. The application can be executed using either command-line tools or a user-friendly Graphical User Interface. The latter has been developed to address the needs of both specialist and non-specialist users. We use three diverse test cases to demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed strategy. In all cases, CLUSTERnGO not only outperformed existing algorithms in assigning unique GO term enrichments to the identified clusters, but also revealed novel insights regarding the biological systems examined, which were not uncovered in the original publications.Availability and implementation: The C++ and QT source codes, the GUI applications for Windows, OS X and Linux operating systems and user manual are freely available for download under the GNU GPL v3 license at http://www.cmpe.boun.edu.tr/content/CnG.Contact: sgo24@cam.ac.ukSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ScreenBEAM: a novel meta-analysis algorithm for functional genomics screens via Bayesian hierarchical modeling
Authors: Yu Jiyang , Silva Jose , Califano Andrea 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMotivation: Functional genomics (FG) screens, using RNAi or CRISPR technology, have become a standard tool for systematic, genome-wide loss-of-function studies for therapeutic target discovery. As in many large-scale assays, however, off-target effects, variable reagents’ potency and experimental noise must be accounted for appropriately control for false positives. Indeed, rigorous statistical analysis of high-throughput FG screening data remains challenging, particularly when integrative analyses are used to combine multiple sh/sgRNAs targeting the same gene in the library.Method: We use large RNAi and CRISPR repositories that are publicly available to evaluate a novel meta-analysis approach for FG screens via Bayesian hierarchical modeling, Screening Bayesian Evaluation and Analysis Method (ScreenBEAM).Results: Results from our analysis show that the proposed strategy, which seamlessly combines all available data, robustly outperforms classical algorithms developed for microarray data sets as well as recent approaches designed for next generation sequencing technologies. Remarkably, the ScreenBEAM algorithm works well even when the quality of FG screens is relatively low, which accounts for about 80–95% of the public datasets.Availability and implementation: R package and source code are available at: https://github.com/jyyu/ScreenBEAM.Contact: ac2248@columbia.edu, jose.silva@mssm.edu, yujiyang@gmail.comSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.