bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crosstalk between the mesothelium and lymphomatous cells: insight into the mechanisms involved in the progression of body cavity lymphomas
Authors: Lignitto Laura , Mattiolo Adriana , Negri Elena , Persano Luca , Gianesello Lisa , Chieco‐Bianchi Luigi , Calabrò Maria Luisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe peculiar localization of body cavity lymphomas implies a specific contribution of the intracavitary microenvironment to the pathogenesis of these tumors. In this study, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) was used as a model of body cavity lymphoma to investigate the role of mesothelial cells, which line the serous cavities, in lymphoma progression. The crosstalk between mesothelial and lymphomatous cells was studied in cocultures of primary human mesothelial cells (HMC) with PEL cells and a xenograft mouse model of peritoneal PEL. PEL cells were found to induce type 2 epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HMC, which converted into a myofibroblastic phenotype characterized by loss of epithelial markers (pan cytokeratin and E‐cadherin), expression of EMT‐associated transcriptional repressors (Snail1, Slug, Zeb1, Sip1), and acquisition of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), a mesenchymal protein. A progressive thickening of serosal membranes was observed in vivo, accompanied by loss of cytokeratin staining and appearance of α‐SMA‐expressing cells, confirming that fibrosis occurred during intracavitary PEL development. On the other hand, HMC were found to modulate PEL cell turnover in vitro, increasing their resistance to apoptosis and proliferation. This supportive activity on PEL cells was retained after transdifferentiation, and was impaired by interferon‐α2b treatment. On the whole, our results indicate that PEL cells induce type 2 EMT in HMC, which support PEL cell growth and survival, providing a milieu favorable to lymphoma progression. Our findings provide new clues into the mechanisms involved in lymphoma progression and may indicate new targets for effective treatment of malignant effusions growing in body cavities.
Pillararene‐Based Assemblies: Design Principle, Preparation and Applications
Authors: Zhang Huacheng , Zhao Yanli 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this review, we highlight recent advancements on pillararene‐based assemblies. The driving forces for the formation of the pillararene‐based assemblies are discussed first. The host–guest interactions are deemed as not only general strategy for constructing assemblies but also essential components for preventing the assemblies from the dissociation. Solvent effect is also important in the assembling process, since it could influence the host–guest interactions and provide solvophobic effect on pillararenes for the assembly. Then, several pillararene‐based assembly architectures are introduced, including pillararene‐based interlocked structures, such as (poly)pseudorotaxanes, (poly)rotaxanes, and daisy chains, classified by their topological structures and synthetic strategy. The morphologies of the supramolecular assemblies are divided into several types, for example, nanospheres, nanotubes and supramolecular polymers. Furthermore, the functions and potential applications are summarized accompanied with related assembly structures. The review not only provides fundamental findings, but also foresights future research directions in the research area of pillararene‐based assemblies.
Carbon Dynamics on the Molybdenum Carbide Surface during Catalytic Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Frank Benjamin , Cotter Thomas P. , Schuster Manfred E. , Schlögl Robert , Trunschke Annette 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of the gas‐phase chemical potential on surface chemistry and reactivity of molybdenum carbide has been investigated in catalytic reactions of propane in oxidizing and reducing reactant mixtures by adding H2, O2, H2O, and CO2 to a C3H8/N2 feed. The balance between surface oxidation state, phase stability, carbon deposition, and the complex reaction network involving dehydrogenation reactions, hydrogenolysis, metathesis, water‐gas shift reaction, hydrogenation, and steam reforming is discussed. Raman spectroscopy and a surface‐sensitive study by means of in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy evidence that the dynamic formation of surface carbon species under a reducing atmosphere strongly shifts the product spectrum to the C3‐alkene at the expense of hydrogenolysis products. A similar response of selectivity, which is accompanied by a boost of activity, is observed by tuning the oxidation state of Mo in the presence of mild oxidants, such as H2O and CO2, in the feed as well as by V doping. The results obtained allow us to draw a picture of the active catalyst surface and to propose a structure–activity correlation as a map for catalyst optimization.
Epitope Mapping of Monoclonal Antibodies using Synthetic Oligosaccharides Uncovers Novel Aspects of Immune Recognition of the Psl Exopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Li Huiqing , Mo Kai‐For , Wang Qun , Stover C. Kendall , DiGiandomenico Antonio , Boons Geert‐Jan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram‐negative bacterium that can cause life‐threatening infections in critically ill and cystic fibrosis patients. The Psl exopolysaccharide of P. aeruginosa offers an attractive serotype‐independent antigen for the development of immunotherapies. Here, the first chemical synthesis of a panel of oligosaccharides derived from the exopolysaccharide of P. aeruginosa by a synthetic strategy that efficiently deals with the stereoselective installation of several β‐mannosides and the formation of a mannoside that is extended by saccharide moieties at C‐1, C‐2, and C‐3 in a crowded 1,2,3‐cis configuration is described. The approach was employed to prepare tetra‐, penta‐, and hexa‐ and decasaccharide part structures. The compounds were employed to define the epitope requirements of several functionally active monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that can bind three distinct epitopes of Psl (class I, II, and III). The class II mAb reacted potently with each oligosaccharide indicating its epitope resides within the tetrasaccharide and does not require the branched mannoside of Psl. The class III antibody did not bind the tetra‐ or pentasaccharide; however, it did react potently with the hexasaccharide and weakly with the decasaccharide, suggesting a terminal glucoside is required for optimal binding. Unexpectedly, the class I mAb did not bind any of the oligosaccharides indicating that Psl contains a yet to be elucidated sub‐stoichiometric isoform. This study demonstrates that functional activity of a mAb does not only depend on the avidity of binding but also on the location of an epitope within a bacterial polysaccharide. The results also provide a strong impetus to analyze further the structure of Psl to identify the class I epitope, that is expected to provide an attractive target for the development of a synthetic vaccine for P. aeruginosa.
Natural Occurrence of Enantiomers of Organic Compounds Versus Phytoremediations: Should Research on Phytoremediations Be Revisited? A Mini‐review
Authors: Lojková Lea , Vranová Valerie , Rejšek Klement , Formánek Pavel 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTDecontamination of polluted soils using plants is based on the ability of plant species (including transgenic plants) to enhance bioavailability of pollutants in the rhizosphere and support growth of pollutant‐degrading microorganisms via root exudation and plant species‐specific composition of the exudates. In this work, we review current knowledge of enantiomers of low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) organic compounds with emphasis on their use in phytoremediation. Many research studies have been performed to search for plants suitable for decontamination of polluted soils. Nevertheless, the natural occurrence of L‐ versus D‐enantiomers of dominant compounds of plant root exudates which play different roles in the complexation of heavy metals, chemoattraction, and support of pollutant‐degrading microorganisms were not included in these studies. D‐enantiomers of aliphatic organic acids and amino acids or L‐enantiomers of carbohydrates occur in high concentrations in root exudates of some plant species, especially under stress, and are less stimulatory for plants to extract heavy metals or for rhizosphere microflora to degrade pollutants compared with L‐enantiomers (organic acids and amino acids) or D‐carbohydrates. Determining the ratio of L‐ versus D‐enantiomers of organic compounds as a criterion of plant suitability for decontamination of polluted soils and development of other types of bioremediation technologies need to be subjects of future research. Chirality 26:1–20, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereoselective Degradation of Chiral Fungicide Myclobutanil in Rat Liver Microsomes
Authors: Yan Jin , Zhang Ping , Wang Xinru , Wang Yao , Zhou Zhiqiang , Zhu Wentao 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTMyclobutanil, (RS)‐2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐(1H‐1, 2, 4‐triazol‐1‐ylmethyl)hexanenitrile is a broad‐spectrum systemic triazole fungicide which consists of a pair of enantiomers. The stereoselective degradation of myclobutanil was investigated in rat liver microsomes. The concentrations of myclobutanil enantiomers were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a cellulose‐tris‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐phenylcarbamate)‐based chiral stationary phase (CDMPC‐CSP) under reversed phase condition. The t1/2 of (+)‐myclobutanil is 8.49 min, while the t1/2 of (–)‐myclobutanil is 96.27 min. Such consequences clearly indicated that the degradation of myclobutanil in rat liver microsomes was stereoselective and the degradation rate of (+)‐myclobutanil was much faster than (–)‐myclobutanil. In addition, significant differences between two enantiomers were also observed in enzyme kinetic parameters. The Vmax of (+)‐myclobutanil was about 4‐fold of (–)‐myclobutanil and the CLint of (+)‐myclobutanil was three times as much as (–)‐myclobutanil after incubation in rat liver microsomes. Corresponding consequences may shed light on the environmental and ecological risk assessment for myclobutanil and may improve human health. Chirality 26:51–55, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Significant involvement of herpesvirus entry mediator in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Migita Kazuhiro , Sho Masayuki , Shimada Keiji , Yasuda Satoshi , Yamato Ichiro , Takayama Tomoyoshi , Matsumoto Sohei , Wakatsuki Kohei , Hotta Kiyohiko , Tanaka Tetsuya , Ito Masahiro , Konishi Noboru , Nakajima Yoshiyuki 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUNDHerpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) is known to regulate immune response and to be expressed in several human malignancies. However, to the authors's knowledge, the precise role of HVEM in human cancer biology remains unknown. The objective of the current study was to clarify the clinical significance of HVEM in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma as well as its in vivo functions.METHODSHVEM expression was evaluated in 103 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to explore its clinical relevance and prognostic value. The functions of HVEM in tumors were analyzed in vitro and in vivo using the small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing technique.RESULTSHVEM expression was found to be significantly correlated with depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, it was found to be inversely correlated with tumor‐infiltrating CD4+, CD8+, and CD45RO+ lymphocytes. It is important to note that HVEM status was identified as an independent prognostic marker. HVEM gene silencing significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation in vitro and cancer growth in vivo. This antitumor effect was associated with reduced cell proliferation activity. The effect was also correlated with the induction of CD8+ cells and upregulation of local immune response.CONCLUSIONSHVEM plays a critical role in both tumor progression and the evasion of host antitumor immune responses, possibly through direct and indirect mechanisms. Therefore, HVEM may be a promising therapeutic target for human esophageal cancer. Cancer 2014;120:808–817. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
A simple surfactant‐free route for preparation of flower‐like crystals of CoS with hierarchitectures
Authors: Qi Kezhen , Yu Ji , Chen Ke 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHierarchical cobalt sulfide crystals with flower‐like microstructures were successfully prepared by a simple one‐pot solvothermal route, employing CoCl2·6H2O as a cobalt precursor and KSCN as a sulfur source. The morphology of these microstructures can be easily controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of glycol to DMF in the solvent. The products were characterized by XRD and SEM. Possible formation mechanisms of CoS hierarchical microspheres are proposed. The influences of the nature of reaction media on the morphological evolution were also investigated and it was found that the ratio of DMF to glycol was of great importance for the formation of CoS morphology.
Using a knowledge transfer framework to identify factors facilitating implementation of family‐based treatment
Authors: Couturier Jennifer , Kimber Melissa , Jack Susan , Niccols Alison , Van Blyderveen Sherry , McVey Gail 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo conduct a qualitative study to identify factors that would facilitate the transfer of the research evidence on Family‐Based Treatment (FBT) into clinical practice.MethodFundamental qualitative description guided sampling, data collection, and analytic decisions for this study. Forty therapists who treat children and adolescents under the age of 18 with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and belong to Ontario's provincial network of specialized eating disorder services completed an in‐depth interview focusing on elements proposed by the Lavis knowledge transfer framework. An experienced coder conducted content analysis, with 20% of the interviews double‐coded for reliability purposes.ResultsParticipants requested training in the FBT model, including the provision of research evidence (i.e., journal articles), as well as the specific tenets of the model according to the FBT manual. The suggested audience for implementation included not only therapists themselves, but administrators, physicians, and community members. The development of best practice guidelines was also supported. Local FBT experts were suggested as credible messengers. Infrastructure relating to financial support and time away from clinical duties were reported to be essential for training. Ongoing supervision and mentorship were reported to be important elements of implementation and evaluation processes.DiscussionSuggestions for moving FBT into practice were consistent with previous research, however, the importance of obtaining the evidence in the form of primary research articles and obtaining team buy‐in were remarkable. Developing context‐specific training programs and administrative processes for the implementation of FBT are warranted. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:410–417)
Pd17In4Se4, a Metal‐Rich Palladium–Indium Selenide with an Open‐Framework Structure
Authors: Zakharova Elena Yu. , Churakov Andrei V. , Doert Thomas , Kuznetsov Alexey N. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new metal‐rich palladium–indium selenide, Pd17In4Se4, was synthesized in the shape of needlelike crystals by annealing a mixture of the elements in a 7:2:1 ratio, respectively, at 750 °C for 7–10 d with subsequent cooling to room temperature. Its crystal structure was determined from single‐crystal diffraction data, with the composition confirmed by energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The compound crystallizes in a new structure type [tetragonal,I4/m,a= 14.3104(7) Å,c= 3.9641(4) Å,Z= 2]. Its main structural units are indium‐centered [Pd12In] cuboctahedra of the Cu3Au type. The key feature that differentiates the structure of Pd17In4Se4from any known compound based on the Pd–In intermetallic motif is the terminal role of selenium atoms that results in the formation of 1D channels along thecaxis. Electronic structure calculations on the DFT/full‐potential linearized augmented‐plane wave (FP‐LAPW) level predict metallic properties and Pauli‐like paramagnetic behavior for the new compound. The electron localization function (ELF) topological analysis reveals the key role of selenium lone pairs in the formation of the channels in the structure and shows the multicentered nature of the bonding in the [Pd12In] fragments.
On‐Demand Selection of the Reaction Path from Imino Diels–Alder to Ene‐Type Cyclization: Synthesis of Epiminopyrimido[4,5‐b]azepines
Authors: Zhang Yuewei , Zhu Yue , Zheng Lianyou , Zhuo Lian‐Gang , Yang Fengzhi , Dang Qun , Yu Zhi‐Xiang , Bai Xu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractControlling the mode of reaction of a reactive intermediate such as an imine or iminium ion should enable the on‐demand selection of the final products from the same starting materials. The successful execution of such a strategy will reduce the time required to prepare diverse scaffolds. The imines derived from 4‐(allylamino)pyrimidine‐5‐carbaldehydes and anilines undergo Diels–Alder reactions to give pyrimido[4,5‐h][1,6]naphthyridines in high yields. A complete switch from the intramolecular aza‐Diels–Alder (IADA) path to an ene‐type cyclization reaction was achieved by simply adjusting the reaction conditions (amount of acid catalyst, solvent, and temperature). This newly introduced ene‐type cyclization reaction was used to prepare a series of epiminopyrimido[4,5‐b]azepines. To gain insight into the mechanism of the two reaction pathways, a DFT study was carried out. Theoretical calculations showed that under acidic conditions an iminium intermediate favors the low‐energy IADA pathway, which proceeds in a [4+ + 2] fashion. When acid is absent, the neutral imine intermediate favors the thermal ene‐type cyclization reaction, which takes place by transfer of an allylic proton from the allylic amine to imine, followed by a barrierless nucleophilic addition process between the in‐situ‐generated anionic allylic amine and iminium ion. Amine addition to the alkene finally gives the epiminopyrimido[4,5‐b]azepines.
Copper‐Catalyzed N‐ and O‐Arylation of Amides: Alternative Approaches to 3,4‐Dihydroquinolin‐2‐ones, Quinolin‐2‐ones, and 12H‐Chromeno[2,3‐b]quinolin‐12‐ones
Authors: Zhang Xinying , Guo Xiaojie , Fang Liangliang , Song Yunping , Fan Xuesen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe efficient syntheses of 3‐cyanoquinolin‐2‐ones, 3‐(2‐bromobenzyl)‐3‐cyano‐3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2‐ones, 3‐(2‐bromobenzyl)quinolin‐2‐ones, and 12H‐chromeno[2,3‐b]quinolin‐12‐ones through copper‐catalyzed N‐ and O‐arylation of amides by using readily available 2‐bromobenzyl bromides and cyanoacetamides as starting materials were developed.
Highly Enantioselective Biginelli Reaction Catalyzed by Double Axially Chiral Bisphosphorylimides
Authors: An Dong , Fan Yan‐Sen , Gao Yang , Zhu Zi‐Qian , Zheng Liang‐Yu , Zhang Suo‐Qin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDouble axially chiral bisphosphorylimides have been used as catalysts in enantioselective Biginelli reactions. The three‐component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, thiourea, and ethyl acetoacetate took place by using 5 mol‐% catalyst in ethyl acetate at 50 °C. A series of chiral dihydropyrimidinethiones (DHPMs) were obtained in high yields (up to 97 %) with good to high enantioselectivities (up to 96 % ee) in only 12 hours.
Topographic locations and size of earthquake‐ and typhoon‐generated landslides, Tachia River, Taiwan
Authors: Huang Alice Y.‐L. , Montgomery David R. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAnalysis of mapped landslide locations using a high‐resolution (5‐m grid) digital elevation model (DEM) in the Tachia River basin, Taiwan, finds distinct differences in the topographic locations and size of landslides during the 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake and the 2001 Toraji typhoon. Our analysis supports Densmore and Hovius' hypothesis that earthquake‐induced landslides cluster near ridgetops due to topographic amplification of ground shaking, and that typhoon‐induced landslides occur with greater frequency lower on slopes. In addition, the differing topographic locations of seismically‐induced and subsequent typhoon‐induced landslides shows no evidence of residual post‐earthquake influences on landslides during typhoon Toraji previously hypothesized for drainage basins closer to the earthquake epicenter. Our results support the interpretation that in this tectonically active landscape, seismically‐induced landslides help shatter and erode ridgetops but typhoon‐triggered landslides concentrate erosion farther downslope, with the combination acting to more uniformly lower upland terrain than either process does individually. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of bedrock orientation on the landscape evolution, surface morphology and denudation (10Be) at the Niesen, Switzerland
Authors: Chittenden Hannah , Delunel Romain , Schlunegger Fritz , Akçar Naki , Kubik Peter 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTLandscape evolution and surface morphology in mountainous settings are a function of the relative importance between sediment transport processes acting on hillslopes and in channels, modulated by climate variables. The Niesen nappe in the Swiss Penninic Prealps presents a unique setting in which opposite facing flanks host basins underlain by identical lithologies, but contrasting litho‐tectonic architectures where lithologies either dip parallel to the topographic slope or in the opposite direction (i.e. dip slope and non‐dip slope). The north‐western facing Diemtigen flank represents such a dip slope situation and is characterized by a gentle topography, low hillslope gradients, poorly dissected channels, and it hosts large landslides. In contrast, the south‐eastern facing Frutigen side can be described as non‐dip slope flank with deeply incised bedrock channels, high mean hillslope gradients and high relief topography. Results from morphometric analysis reveal that noticeable differences in morphometric parameters can be related to the contrasts in the relative importance of the internal hillslope‐channel system between both valley flanks. While the contrasting dip‐orientations of the underlying flysch bedrock has promoted hillslope and channelized processes to contrasting extents and particularly the occurrence of large landslides on the dip slope flank, the flank averaged beryllium‐10 (10Be)‐derived denudation rates are very similar and range between 0.20 and 0.26 mm yr−1. In addition, our denudation rates offer no direct relationship to basin's slope, area, steepness or concavity index, but reveal a positive correlation to mean basin elevation that we interpret as having been controlled by climatically driven factors such as frost‐induced processes and orographic precipitation. Our findings illustrate that while the landscape properties in this part of the northern Alpine border can mainly be related to the tectonic architecture of the underlying bedrock, the denudation rates have a strong orographic control through elevation dependent mean annual temperature and precipitation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electric Regulation: Profitability of CO2 Emissions Depends on Available Markets
Authors: Bowden Nicholas S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe White House's June 2013 Climate Action Plan stated, in part, “the Obama Administration is putting in place tough new rules to cut carbon pollution—just like we have for other toxins like mercury and arsenic—so we protect the health of our children and move our economy toward American‐made clean energy sources that will create good jobs and lower home energy bills.” In April 2012, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions standards for future electric‐generating units. After receiving more than 2.5 million sets of public comments, this first proposal was rescinded and replaced with a revised proposal on September 20, 2013. However, the proposal itself claims that it will do little to nothing to reduce CO2 emissions, as the standards only apply to generating units constructed in the future.