bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Insights into and In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Combination Therapies for Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Ijaz Saadia , Ansari Farheen , Nawaz Muhammad , Ejaz Hasan , Anjum Aftab Ahmad , Saeed Aqib , Ali Tehreem , Rehman Obaid Ur , Fatima Eeshal , Ijaz Tayyaba 
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), particularly carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB), represents a grave concern in healthcare settings and is associated with high mortality. This study aimed to conduct molecular, mutational, and phylogenetic analyses of specific genes in CRAB and evaluate the synergistic effects of selected antimicrobial combinations. Materials and Methods: Phenotypic characterization was performed on six CRAB strains by using the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and IMP-EDTA Double-Disc Synergy Test (IMP-EDTA DDST). Carbapenemase- and metallo-beta-lactamase-encoding genes were amplified by using Polymerase Chain Reaction. Phylogenetic analysis using the MEGA 11 tool was used to determine the evolutionary relatedness of these genes. Mutational analysis was performed by using I-Mutant, MUPro, and PHD-SNP bioinformatics tools to predict mutations in the carbapenemase-encoding genes. Microdilution checkerboard titration assessed the synergistic effects of antimicrobial combinations (azithromycin–meropenem, rifampicin–meropenem, meropenem–colistin, and azithromycin–colistin) on these CRAB isolates. Results: The phenotypic characterization of six CRAB isolates revealed positive results for MHT and IMP-EDTA DDST. The molecular characterization revealed that carbapenemase- and MBL-encoding genes were present in all isolates with varying frequencies, including blaOXA-51 (100%) and blaIMP (0%). The sequence analysis revealed high evolutionary relatedness to sequences in the NCBI database. The mutational analysis identified 16 mutations, of which 1 mutation (P116L) in the blaOXA-58 gene predicted a change in the protein product, potentially contributing to carbapenem resistance. The checkerboard titration method did not reveal any synergism among the tested antimicrobial combinations against CRAB. Conclusion: This study’s findings underscore the significant challenges posed by CRAB isolates harboring multiple resistant genes in treatment. This highlights the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents, a crucial step towards reducing mortality rates not only in Pakistan but also globally.
Prevention of postoperative complications in children after palatoplasty using a prolonged-release phytocomplex
Authors: Chuikin S. V. , Kudashkina N. V. , Tuigunov M. M. , Bilak A. G. , Chuikin O. S. , Davletshin N. A. , Makusheva N. V. , Kuchuk K. N. 
Published: July 2024

Relevance. Palatoplasty is a technically demanding reconstructive surgery for congenital full-thickness defects of the palate, with more than 20% of cases reporting postoperative complications. The primary cause of these complications is chronic oral inflammation. To mitigate inflammatory reactions, medications with antibacterial, bactericidal, and antiseptic properties are employed. Given the age-specific characteristics of children and the presence of full-thickness palate defects, it is essential to administer anti-inflammatory medications in an adapted, prolonged, and safe form. Consequently, we have developed a prolonged-release phytocomplex in the form of lozenges.Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of a prolonged-release phytocomplex in preventing postoperative complications in children following palatoplasty.Materials and methods. This study presents clinical and laboratory examination data from 90 children aged 2.5 to 5 years with cleft palate who underwent palatoplasty, and 45 healthy children aged 3 to 8 years. The study involved measuring the levels of secretory immunoglobulin IgA in the oral fluid using the 'IgA Secretory ELISA-BEST' reagent kit, cytokines (interleukins-2, 4, 6), and gamma-interferon through enzyme immunoassay with kits from 'Vector Best' (Russia), and lysozyme using the Lysozyme-96 kit.Results. It was observed that following the use of the prolonged-release phytocomplex, the levels of sIgA, lysozyme, and interleukins-2, 4, and 6 in the oral fluid of the children were significantly elevated compared to the control group. Additionally, the gamma-interferon levels returned to normal.Conclusion. The findings of this study demonstrate the positive antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and woundhealing effects of the developed prolonged-release phytocomplex in the form of lozenges.
Increased Urine Excretion of Neutrophil Granule Cargo in Active Proliferative Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Shoctor Nicholas A. , Brady Makayla P. , McLeish Kenneth R. , Lightman Rebecca R. , Davis-Johnson Leshaia , Lynn Conner , Dubbaka Anjali , Tandon Shweta , Daniels Michael W. , Rane Madhavi J. , Barati Michelle T. , Caster Dawn J. , Powell David W. 
Published: July 2024

Key Points

Neutrophil degranulation participates in glomerular injury in proliferative lupus nephritis.Urine excretion of neutrophil granule proteins is a potential diagnostic for proliferative lupus nephritis.

Background
Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in more than half of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, but the cellular and molecular events that contribute to LN are not clearly defined. We reported previously that neutrophil degranulation participates in glomerular injury in mouse models of acute LN. This study tests the hypothesis that glomerular recruitment and subsequent activation of neutrophils result in urine excretion of neutrophil granule constituents that are predictive of glomerular inflammation in proliferative LN.

Methods
Urine and serum levels of 11 neutrophil granule proteins were measured by antibody-based array in patients with proliferative LN and healthy donors (HDs), and the results were confirmed by ELISA. Glomerular neutrophil accumulation was assessed in biopsies of patients with LN who contributed urine for granule cargo quantitation and normal kidney tissue by microscopy. Degranulation was measured by flow cytometry in neutrophils isolated from patients with LN and HD controls by cell surface granule markers CD63 (azurophilic), CC66b (specific), and CD35 (secretory). Nonparametric statistical analyses were performed and corrected for multiple comparisons.

Results
Eight granule proteins (myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, azurocidin, olfactomedin-4, lactoferrin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and cathelicidin) were significantly elevated in urine from patients with active proliferative LN by array and/or ELISA, whereas only neutrophil elastase was increased in LN serum. Urine excretion of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 declined in patients who achieved remission. The majority of LN glomeruli contained ≥3 neutrophils. Basal levels of specific granule markers were increased in neutrophils from patients with LN compared with HD controls. Serum from patients with active LN stimulated specific and secretory, but not azurophilic granule, release by HD neutrophils.

Conclusions
Circulating neutrophils in patients with LN are primed for enhanced degranulation. Glomerular recruitment of those primed neutrophils leads to release and urine excretion of neutrophil granule cargo that serves as a urine marker of active glomerular inflammation in proliferative LN.
التفسير المقاصدي للقرآن عند الزمخشري في الكشاف
Authors: عبد الله عودة عبد عودة , أبو عصبة طلال عوض الله 
Published: July 2024

فكرة البحث الرئيسة هي تسليط الضوء على التفسير المقاصدي عند واحد من أبرز أعلام التفسير البياني للقرآن الكريم، وهو الزمخشري صاحب الكشّاف، وتكمن أهمية البحث في توجيه الباحثين وحثهم على دراسة كتب التفسير القرآني، في إطار منهج معاصر من مناهج التفسير القرآني، يتمثل في السعي نحو بيان المقاصد القرآنية، وإبراز الفهم المقاصدي، من خلال النظر في كتب التفسير القرآني، القديمة منها والمعاصرة، وتتمثل إشكالية البحث في الكشف عن جوانب التفسير المقاصدي في عند الزمخشري في الكشاف. ويهدف البحث إلى بيان مفهوم التفسير المقاصدي، وتوضيح منهج الزمخشري في بيان المقاصد القرآنية، وإبراز ملامح التفسير المقاصدي في تفسيره، واقتضت طبيعة البحث أن يسلك الباحثان المنهج الوصفي، والتحليلي، والاستنباطي، وذلك من خلال الوقوف على تفسير الزمخشري لبعض الآيات القرآنية، واستنتاج منهجه في الكشف عن مقاصد القرآن، وسمات هذا المنهج. ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصل الباحثان إليها: أن الزمخشري عمد إلى الكشف عن المقاصد القرآنية بوسائل مختلفة، وأهمها الميدان الذي برع فيه، وهو البلاغة والبيان، لذلك يرى الباحثان ضرورة الاهتمام بهذا اللون من التفسير، وعمل دراسات متخصصة في البحث عن المقاصد القرآنية عند الزمخشري مثل (دور الإعجاز البلاغي في الكشف عن المقصد القرآني)، وعدم الاقتصار في البحث المقاصدي على آيات الأحكام، ومحاولة الكشف عن المقاصد القرآنية في آيات القصص، والعقيدة، والأخلاق، والربط بين التفسير المقاصدي وألوان التفسير الأخرى ضمن أبحاث متخصصة. إضافة إلى عمل دراسات مشابهة على كتب التفسير الأخرى.
Scaling Up Wave Calculations with a Scattering Network
Authors: Valantinas Laurynas , Vettenburg Tom 
Published: July 2024

Wave scattering is a challenging numerical problem, yet it is central to fields as diverse as seismology, fluid dynamics, acoustics, and photonics. Complex structures scatter waves in random yet deterministic ways. Advances in our understanding and control of scattering are key to applications such as deep-tissue microscopy. However, computing the internal fields on a scale relevant to microscopy remains excessively demanding for both conventional methods and physics-based neural networks. Here, we show how coherent scattering calculations can be scaled up to 21 × 10
6
cubic wavelengths by mapping the physics of multiple scattering onto a deterministic neural network that efficiently harnesses publicly available machine learning infrastructure. We refer to this as a scattering network. Memory usage, an important bottleneck to scaling beyond (10 μm)³, is kept to a minimum by the recurrent network topology and the convolutional derivatives it embodies. Tight integration with an open-source electromagnetic solver enables any researcher with an internet connection to compute complex light-wave scattering throughout volumes as large as (130 μm)³ or 25 mm
2
.
Liquid Biopsy Instrument for Ultra-Fast and Label-Free Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Zhu Shu , Zhu Zhixian , Ni Chen , Zhou Zheng , Chen Yao , Tang Dezhi , Guo Kefan , Yang Shuai , Liu Kang , Ni Zhonghua , Xiang Nan 
Published: July 2024

Rapid diagnosis and real-time monitoring are of great important in the fight against cancer. However, most available diagnostic technologies are time-consuming and labor-intensive and are commonly invasive. Here, we describe CytoExam, an automatic liquid biopsy instrument designed based on inertial microfluidics and impedance cytometry, which uses a deep learning algorithm for the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). In silico and in vitro experiments demonstrated that CytoExam could achieve label-free detection of CTCs in the peripheral blood of cancer patients within 15 min. The clinical applicability of CytoExam was also verified using peripheral blood samples from 10 healthy donors and >50 patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer. Significant differences in the number of collected cells and predicted CTCs were observed between the 2 groups, with variations in the dielectric properties of the collected cells from cancer patients also being observed. The ultra-fast and minimally invasive features of CytoExam may pave the way for new paths for cancer diagnosis and scientific research.
The Role of Torque Teno Virus in the Development of Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Семёнов В.М. , Дмитраченко Т.И. , Зенькова С.К. , Егоров С.К. , Иванова А.А. , Ильюшенко В.В. , Ерашова В.В. , Кубраков К.М. 
Published: July 2024

Вирус Torque Teno (TTV) и родственные ему анелловирусы за последние 26 лет пополнили список возбудителей, вызывающих хронические продуктивные инфекции и высокий уровень виремии у людей. Многие аспекты патогенеза этих вирусов до сих пор остаются малоизученными. В данном обзоре литературы мы кратко представили общие свойства анелловирусов, а также рассмотрели известную в настоящее время информацию об их взаимодействии с центральной нервной системой (ЦНС). В результате анализа имеющихся данных можно сделать предположение о том, что TTV играет роль в таких заболеваниях, как энцефалит, миелит, менингоэнцефалит. Большой интерес вызывает роль TTV в патогенезе рассеянного склероза (РС). Информация, представленная в анализируемой литературе, указывает на необходимость дальнейших тщательно спланированных исследований для точного понимания того, как часто и при каких условиях анелловирусы проникают через ГЭБ в ЦНС, учитывая их низкую встречаемость в ЦНС в нормальных условиях. Это является необходимым условием для выяснения возможных патогенетических последствий их проникновения, а также имеет решающее значение для улучшения ведения пациентов и разработки эффективных мероприятий по профилактике и лечению данной инфекции.
Torque teno virus (TTV) and related anelloviruses have joined the list of pathogens causing chronic productive infections and high levels of viremia in humans over the past 26 years. Many aspects of the pathogenesis of these viruses still remain poorly understood. In this literature review, we have summarized the general properties of anelloviruses and reviewed the currently known information on their interaction with the central nervous system (CNS). As a result of analyzing the available data, it can be suggested that TTV plays a role in diseases such as encephalitis, myelitis, and meningoencephalitis. The role of TTV in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is of great interest. The information presented in the analyzed literature indicates the need for further carefully designed studies to accurately understand how often and under what conditions anelloviruses pass through the blood-brain barrier into the CNS, given their low occurrence in the CNS under normal conditions. This is necessary for elucidating the possible pathogenetic consequences of their penetration and is also crucial for improving patient management and for developing effective interventions to prevent and treat this infection.
FENOLOGIA DE MAIZ Y FRIJOL EN EL ALTIPLANO DE ZACATECAS. l. EL CODIGO DECIMAL
Authors: Chan Castañeda José L. , Bravo Lozano Angel G. 
Published: July 2024

El concepto de fenología se refiere al estudio de los fenómenos bio­lógicos que ocurren con cierto ritmo periódico, como la brotación, la florescencia, la maduración de frutos, etc. La importancia de conocer los cambios ontogénicos de las especies radica en la relación que existe en­tre tales cambios y los procesos productivos, ya que los cambios ontogé­nicos conllevan cambios en la fisiología de las plantas e integran los efectos ambientales.
En este trabajo se propone el uso de un método para calificar el de­sarrollo fenológico en maíz (Zea mays L.) y frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.); el método fue calibrado y utilizado en 8 experimentos de campo en 1983. Los resultados indican que aun pequeñas diferencias de desfasa­miento en el desarrollo fenológico pueden detectarse y compararse para su evaluación. Por tanto, se propone el uso de este método en la investigación de maíz y frijol, sobretodo en los estudios de adaptación, regio­nalización y fitomejoramiento.
LA INVESTIGACION FISIOTECNICA EN FRUTICULTURA TROPICAL
Authors: Mosqueda-Vázquez Raúl 
Published: July 2024

La gran diversidad climática y edáfica presente en México ha permitido que se cultiven más de 50 especies frutícolas, de las cuales alrededor de 30 son tropicales. Muchas de ellas, sin embargo, ocupan pequeñas superficies y realmente sólo siete especies son las de mayor importancia económica para nuestro país, En orden de importancia estos frutales son: naranja (Citrus sinensis), mango (Mangifera indica), aguacate (Persea americana), plátano (Musa paradisiaca), limón mexicano (Citrus auranrifolia Swingle), papaya (Carica papaya), y piña (Ananas comusus). En conjunto, los siete frutales ocupan una superficie de 687,000 ha y producen 7.6 millones de toneladas de fruta, con un valor cercano a 2.8 billones de pesos para 1988 (Conafrut, 1988). Estas 30 especies se cultivan en los climas cálidos, secos, subhúmedos y húmedos de México abajo de los 600 msnm y al sur del Trópico de Cáncer, aunque en el caso del aguacate y de la naranja, también se les puede encontrar en climas semicálidos, entre 600 y 1,800 msnm, y a menores alturas al norte del Trópico de Cáncer. Gran parte de la investigación que en fruticultura tropical se ha realizado en México desde mediados de la década de 1960 puede considerarse dentro de la disciplina denominada Fisiotecnia. Dicha investigación se puede agrupar en las siguientes áreas: adaptación de especies y variedades, densidades de población, fenología, control de la época de floración y maduración de fruta para ampliar la temporada de cosecha, control del tamaño de los árboles y relaciones portainjerto-injerto. La investigación se ha enfocado a buscar respuesta a los problemas limitantes en la producción de los cultivos frutícolas con base en los siguientes objetivos principales: 1) Aumentar el rendimiento por unidad de superficie; 2) Reducir los costos de producción; 3) Mejorar la calidad de fruta y, 4) Producir fuera de la temporada normal.
INTENSIDAD DE PASTOREO, RENDIMIENTO Y TASA DE CRECIMIENTO DE BALLICO PERENNE
Authors: Bolaños-Aguilar Eduardo D , González-Hernández Victor A , P´érez-Pérez Jorge 
Published: July 2024

En 1991 fue establecido un experimento sobre suelos marginales en Texcoco, México, para evaluar los efectos de las asignaciones de 3, 5, 7, y 9% (kg de materia seca de ballico perenne Lolium perenne L. por cada 100 kg de peso vivo animal por día), sobre el rendimiento de forraje seco e índices de crecimiento durante el periodo de descanso o recuperación de la pradera. Se estudiaron tres ciclos sucesivos, cada uno consistente en 5 días de ocupación por 35 de descanso de la pradera. En los periodos de descanso setomaron muestras de forraje los días 1, 16 y 31 después del pastoreo, mediante cortes manuales dentro de cuadros de 25 x 25 cm. Los resultados indicaron que no hubo diferencias entre ciclos (PS≤ .01), en cuanto al rendimiento de forraje seco, y que el forrajeresidual decreció al disminuir la asignación, o sea al aumentar la carga animal (intensidad de pastoreo). Ello se debió a que la eficiencia de crecimiento (tasa de crecimiento del cultivo, tasa relativa de crecimiento y tasa de asimilación neta) del ballico fue mayor en las altass intensidades de pastoreo (i.e., asignaciones de 3 y 5%) que en las bajas (7 y 9%).
Understanding Microscopic Interactions in Binding Reactions: The pH Titration of EDTA
Authors: Almeida Paulo F. , Pokorny Antje , Shingleton Elizabeth G. , Higgs Koby P. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Students beginning the study of biochemistry or biophysics at the undergraduate or even early graduate level are often overwhelmed by the complexity of the systems and the nomenclature. By comparison, chemical systems appear simple, as students can more easily relate to introductory chemistry courses, where the molecules are smaller and bind yet smaller ions. This allows students to write the structure of the entire molecule on a piece of paper and see exactly to which functional groups an ion, such as a proton (H+) in the simplest case, binds. Yet, concepts that are fundamental in biochemical macromolecules, namely proteins, can perfectly well be taught at the undergraduate or beginning graduate level, and probably be more easily understood, by using simpler, familiar chemical examples. The concept of interacting binding sites, which is at the root of cooperativity in protein binding reactions and conformational changes, is already present in simple molecules, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). In this article, we show how to teach these topics by using the idea of the partition function, rather than a formal algebraic approach, to treat the binding of protons to EDTA. Profound concepts, such as that of interacting sites, appear naturally in a small molecule, where the origin can be easily ascribed, in this case, mainly to electrostatic interactions. Equipped with this understanding and this approach, students will be able to tackle more complicated biochemical systems, in which the molecules are larger, but the concepts are the same.
L’organisation de la sécurité publique dans les capitales : quelle typologie ?
Authors: Renaudie Olivier 
Published: July 2024

L’étude de l’organisation de la sécurité publique dans les capitales permet de regrouper celles-ci en deux grandes catégories : celles dénuées d’un particularisme statutaire en matière de police ; celles dotées d’un tel particularisme. Pour autant, comme le montrent les capitales étudiées, Paris, Berlin, Bruxelles, Tokyo et Washington, ces deux catégories constituent des idéal-types. En pratique, l’organisation de la sécurité publique peut emprunter des chemins multiples et les particularismes organisationnels peuvent être plus ou moins prononcés.
La distinction public-privé aux États-Unis et la tradition doctrinale du legal process
Authors: Laporte Mathilde 
Published: July 2024

La tradition doctrinale du legal process est centrale dans la pensée juridique américaine, parce qu’elle représente une proposition intermédiaire, en réunissant certaines intuitions de la pensée juridique classique et du réalisme. Plus spécifiquement, dès lors qu’elle est comprise au travers de la distinction public-privé, l’école du legal process peut se donner à voir comme une tentative, celle de construire une théorie de la gouvernance par le droit, en dépassant la manière traditionnelle d’envisager cette opposition. Cet article met en perspective les principales conclusions de cette thèse et justifie l’emploi fait de la méthode culturelle en droit comparé. Bien que l’objectif n’ait pas été de comparer les États-Unis et la France, ce travail offre rétrospectivement une analyse comparatiste, en montrant que la distinction entre le droit privé et le droit public est partiellement similaire entre ces deux systèmes et toujours instructive, dès lors qu’il s’agit de mettre en lumière le rôle qui incombe à l’État dans toute société politique libérale.
Réflexion sur la spécificité et l’intérêt du droit étranger à partir de la thèse La question catalane ou le problème de la souveraineté en Espagne
Authors: Sfez Anthony 
Published: July 2024

Dans un premier temps, la présente contribution s’attache à souligner la spécificité de l’étude du droit étranger qu’il convient de distinguer nettement de la recherche en droit comparé tant la démarche scientifique et les objectifs propres à chacun de ces deux types d’approches est distincte. Dans un second temps, la contribution vise, à partir de la thèse de doctorat nous avons soutenue, portant sur le conflit opposant la Catalogne à l’Espagne, à apporter une illustration de l’un des intérêts que peut représenter une thèse en droit étranger pour le droit constitutionnel, à savoir mettre en perspective des concepts fondamentaux de la théorie constitutionnelle, en l’espèce le fédéralisme et le droit de sécession.