bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple and efficient numerical methods for vortex sheet motion with surface tension
Authors: Shin Suyeon , Sohn Sung‐Ik , Hwang Woonjae 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYWe present two simple and efficient explicit methods for the vortex sheet with surface tension. The first one is the standard point vortex method, which has been known to be unstable in the presence of surface tension, due to spurious growth of waves of high modes. We show, for the first time, that the standard point vortex method is able to calculate the vortex sheet motion with surface tension by employing a Fourier filtering. The second method is a modification of the Pullin method using central differences for numerical differentiations. This method is more convenient to implement than other spectral methods and is free from the aliasing instability. We give a linear stability analysis for the numerical methods and show results for the long‐time evolution of the vortex sheet. We also propose a new redistribution procedure to control point clustering, by setting limits of minimum and maximum distances between neighboring points. This procedure is found to be very efficient for long‐time computations of the explicit methods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactions of Dienes with a Mo(0) Complex with Tetraphosphine Coligand [Mo(P4)(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)] (P4 = Meso‐o‐C6H4(PPhCH2CH2PPh2)2)
Authors: Seino Hidetake , Mizobe Yasushi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractReaction of tetraphosphine complex [Mo(κ4‐P4)(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)] (1; P4 = meso‐o‐C6H4‐(PPhCH2CH2PPh2)2) with E‐1,3‐pentadiene in toluene at 60 °C gave the η4‐diene complex [Mo(η4‐E‐1,3‐pentadiene)(κ4‐P4)] (2), which is present as a mixture of two isomers due to the orientation of the Me group in the diene ligand. Treatment of 1 with Z‐1,3‐pentadien also resulted in the formation of 2 as the sole product after heating the reaction mixture at 90 °C. Whereas the reaction of 1 with 1,3‐cyclohexadiene at 60 °C afforded the η4‐diene complex [Mo(η4‐cyclohexadiene)(κ4‐P4)] (6), that with cyclopentadiene led to the C‐H bond scission product [η5‐C5H5)MoH(κ3‐P4)] (7). Detailed structures were determined by X‐ray crystallography for 2, 6,and 7, and fluxional feature of 6 in solution was clarified based on the VT‐NMR studies.
High‐Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Perhexiline as a Fluorescent Derivative
Authors: Huang Pei‐Yi , Lin Yu‐Ting , Kou Hwang‐Shang , Wu Hsin‐Lung 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPerhexiline is an effective drug for angina pectoris, but prolong use of the drug may induce toxicity. A simple and sensitive method was developed for monitoring the drug to avoid over medication. The method is based on derivatizing perhexiline with a fluorescent reagent (2‐napththoxy) acetyl chloride. The resulting derivative is highly responsive to a fluorimetric detector (λex = 230 nm, λem = 347 nm). The lower quantitation limit of the method is attainable at 0.3 μM with a detection limit of about 30 nM (S/N = 3 with 10 μL injected). The method was applicable to the analysis of perhexiline in spiked plasma.
Gender, age‐related, and regional differences of the magnetization transfer ratio of the cortical and subcortical brain gray matter
Authors: Mascalchi Mario , Toschi Nicola , Ginestroni Andrea , Giannelli Marco , Nicolai Emanuele , Aiello Marco , Soricelli Andrea , Diciotti Stefano 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo explore gender, age‐related, and regional differences of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) of brain cortical and subcortical gray matter (GM).Materials and MethodsIn all, 102 healthy subjects (51 women and 51 men; range 25–84 years) were examined with 3‐mm thick MT images. We assessed MTR in automatically segmented GM structures including frontal, parietal‐insular, temporal, and occipital cortex, caudate, pallidus and putamen, and cerebellar cortex. A general linear model analysis was conducted to ascertain the linear and quadratic relationship among the MTR and gender, age, and anatomical structure.ResultsThe effect of gender was borderline (P = 0.07) in all GM structures (with higher MTR values in men), whereas age showed a significant linear as well as quadratic effect in all cortical and subcortical GM structures (P ≤ 0.001). Quadratic age‐related decrease in MTR began at about 40 years of age. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of MTR had the following decreasing order: thalamus (58.3 + 0.8), pallidus (56.8 ± 1.3), caudate (55.5 ± 1.6) and putamen (54.6 ± 1.1); temporal (56.8 ± 0.9), parietal‐insular (56.8 ± 1.1), frontal (56.5 ± 1.1), occipital (55.4 ± 1.0) and cerebellar (53.2 ± 1.0) cortex. In post‐hoc testing, all regional pairwise differences were statistically significant except pallidus vs. temporal or parietal‐insular cortex, caudate vs. occipital cortex, frontal vs. parietal‐insular or temporal cortex.ConclusionMTR of the cortical and subcortical brain GM structures decreases quadratically after midlife and shows significant regional differences. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:360–366 © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Air temperature changes in Żagań (Poland) in the period from 1781 to 1792
Authors: Przybylak R. , Pospieszyńska A. , Wyszyński P. , Nowakowski M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe temperature measurements in Żagań were made within the Mannheim network of stations established for Europe and North America by the Palatine Meteorological Society in 1780. The meteorological observations made there in the period 1781–1792 were taken according to the rules for observers (‘Monitum ad observatores’) written by Johann Hemmer (Director of the Palatine Meteorological Society), using calibrated instruments sent by the Society. Source raw data from three measurements a day, taken at morning, noon and evening and available in the publication Ephemerides Societatis Meteorologicae Palatinae have been used for the analysis. Daily means originally calculated using Mannheim's formula have been corrected to the true daily mean based on statistical analysis using hourly temperature data from modern meteorological station in Wrocław, located near Żagań. The mean annual air temperature for the study period (7.9 °C) was about 0.8 °C lower than its value for the period 1981–2010, calculated from Grabik data (the nearest station to Żagań). The coldest year was 1785 (6.3 °C), while the warmest was 1781 (9.6 °C). The clearly colder sub‐period 1784–1788 was probably significantly influenced by the eruption of the Laki volcano in Iceland in 1783/1784. Warmer temperatures than we have today (by +0.4 °C) occurred only in summer. However, the greatest cooling was observed in autumn and winter (temperatures lower than today in both seasons by 1.1 °C). Summer and in particular winter were markedly longer in historical times in comparison to our present‐day climate, while other seasons were shorter. Investigations confirm the correctness of the view based on multiproxy data that the continentality of the climate in Poland in the 18th century was greater than today. Both daily and monthly temperature series from Żagań are strongly correlated with other 18th‐century temperature series from Poland and Central Europe (with a correlation coefficient mostly higher than 0.90).
Physiological, phytochemical and structural changes of multi‐leaf lettuce caused by salt stress
Authors: Garrido Yolanda , Tudela Juan A , Marín Alicia , Mestre Teresa , Martínez Vicente , Gil María I 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnvironmental stress due to salt has been described to enhance lettuce processability, shelf life and consumer acceptability. Moderate salinity causes altered leaf carotenoid, lignin, phenolic and flavonol levels without noticeable changes in the green colour and morphology of lettuce. The aim of this study was to understand the improvements in processability, due to salt stress, related to textural properties and structural characteristics.RESULTSPhysiological, phytochemical and structural changes were observed that were of significant relevance to salt stress (50, 100 and 150 mmol L−1NaCl). Fresh weight per plant, fresh weight per leaf, leaf area, water content, colour saturation, chlorophyllaandband the area of the intercellular spaces decreased when the concentration of salt was increased. Solute concentration, elasticity, total and individual phenolic acids and the areas occupied by the palisade and spongy parenchyma cells increased when the concentration of salt was increased.CONCLUSIONThese data illustrate that salt stress can have a positive impact on certain structural parameters, especially tissue elasticity, that can be closely linked to a higher number of cells, of lower size and high leaf strength, explaining the postharvest longevity of lettuce. However, leaf growth and visual quality could be negatively affected by salt stress. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Condensed tannin accumulation and nitrogen fixation potential of Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. grown in a Mediterranean environment
Authors: Re Giovanni A , Piluzza Giovanna , Sulas Leonardo , Franca Antonello , Porqueddu Claudio , Sanna Federico , Bullitta Simonetta 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDSainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a forage legume found in temperate areas but is less widespread in Mediterranean environments. Compared with other perennial legumes, it has the advantage of containing condensed tannins (CT) that can be important for their implications on ruminant nutrition and health. Data on nitrogen (N) fixation by sainfoin in the literature originate from very different environments and only a few field data are available, so it is important to improve knowledge on the N fixation potential of this species, particularly under a Mediterranean climate. Here the accumulation pattern of polyphenolic compounds (total, non‐tannic polyphenols and CT) and the N fixation potential of sainfoin were studied in order to contribute to its valorisation for sustainable farming management in Mediterranean environments.RESULTSCT concentrations were always in the range considered beneficial for animals, not exceeding 50 g delphinidin equivalent kg−1 dry matter (DM). The regression of aerial fixed N on aerial DM showed a relationship of 22 kg fixed N t−1 aerial DM in a Mediterranean environment.CONCLUSIONA wider exploitation of sainfoin is suggested for production under rain‐fed conditions, thus enlarging the limited set of available perennial legumes suitable for Mediterranean environments. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Spoligotyping and drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from five provinces of Iran
Authors: Haeili Mehri , Darban‐Sarokhalil Davood , Fooladi Abbas Ali Imani , Javadpour Sedigheh , Hashemi Abdorrazagh , Siavoshi Farideh , Feizabadi Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) persists as a public health problem in Iran. Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates circulating in this area will contribute to understand and control the spread of the strains. The aims of this study were to understand the genetic diversity and drug susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolates circulating in Iran and to analyze the relationship between genotype and drug resistance. A total of 291 M. tuberculosis isolates collected from TB patients were genotyped by spoligotyping. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using proportion method. Spoligotyping resulted in 75 distinct patterns. 86.2% of isolates were grouped in 35 clusters while the remaining isolates were unique. Ural was found to be the most predominant lineage (34.3%) followed by Central Asian strain (CAS) (24%), T (18.2%), Manu2 (7.5%) and Latin American‐Mediterranean (LAM) (6.1%). The five largest clusters were Ural/Spoligotype International Type (SIT)127 (15.8%), CAS1/SIT26 (9.2%), T1/SIT53 (6.1%), T1/SIT284 (5.4%), and CAS1/SIT25 (4.4%). About 5% of isolates had multidrug resistance (MDR) and 10% had other resistance. MDR was significantly associated with Beijing strains, but not with Ural family. This study highlights dominance of Ural, CAS, and T families in Iran. Biogeographic specificity of CAS and T families to border provinces of Iran including Sistan‐Baluchestan and Kermanshah, respectively, suggested that this family strains might be transmitted from these regions to other provinces of the country.
An application of servomechanisms to inventory
Authors: Bessler Stuart A. , Zehna Peter W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn recent years, some attention has been devoted to the application of techniques of control theory to inventory management. In particular, H. Vassian (1955) developed a model for a periodic review inventory system utilizing techniques of discrete variable servomechanisms to analyze the system in a cost‐free structure. The resulting model is inherently deterministic, however, and emphasizes the control of inventory fluctuation about a safety level by selecting an appropriate order policy. Such an order policy is defined only up to an arbitrary method of forecasting customer demands.The present paper is a continuation of the model developed by Vassian in which exponential smoothing is used as a specific forecasting technique. Full recognition of the probabilistic nature of demand is taken into account and the requirement of minimizing expected inventory level is imposed. In addition, explicit formulas for the variance in inventory are derived as functions of the smoothing constant and the tradeoff between small variance and rapid system response is noted. Finally, in an attempt to remove the bias inherent in exponential smoothing, a modification of that technique is defined and discussed as an alternate forecasting method.
Optimal renewal policies for complex systems
Authors: Vergin Roger C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMost maintenance and replacement models for industrial equipment have been developed for independent single‐component machines. Most equipment, however, consists of multiple components. Also, when the maintenance crew services several machines, the maintenance policy for each machine is not independent of the states of the other machines.In this paper, two dynamic programming replacement models are presented. The first is used to determine the optimal replacement policy for multi‐component equipment. The second is used to determine the optimal replacement policy for a multi‐machine system which uses one replacement crew to service several machines. In addition, an approach is suggested for developing an efficient replacement policy for a multi‐component, multi‐machine system.
Optimal set partitioning, matchings and lagrangian duality
Authors: Nemhauser George L. , Weber Glenn M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe formulate the set partitioning problem as a matching problem with simple side constraints. As a result we obtain a Lagrangian relaxation of the set partitioning problem in which the primal problem is a matching problem. To solve the Lagrangian dual we must solve a sequence of matching problems each with different edge‐weights. We use the cyclic coordinate method to iterate the multipliers, which implies that successive matching problems differ in only two edge‐weights. This enables us to use sensitivity analysis to modify one optimal matching to obtain the next one. We give theoretical and empirical comparisons of these dual bounds with the conventional linear programming ones.
Efficacy of a Sound‐based Intervention with a Child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder and Auditory Sensory Over‐responsivity
Authors: Gee Bryan M. , Thompson Kelly , St John Holly 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSound‐based interventions (SBIs) are being used by paediatric occupational therapists to help children with autism spectrum disorders and co‐morbid sensory processing disorders. A limited yet growing body of evidence is emerging related to the efficacy of SBIs in reducing sensory processing deficits among paediatric clients with co‐morbid conditions. The current study employed an ABA single‐subject case‐controlled design, implementing The Listening Program® with a 7‐year‐old child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder who demonstrated auditory sensory over‐responsivity (SOR). The intervention consisted of 10 weeks of psycho‐acoustically modified classical music that was delivered using specialized headphones and amplifier and a standard CD player. Repeated measures were conducted during the A(1), B and A(2) phases of the study using the Sensory Processing Measure, a subjective caregiver questionnaire, and the Sensory Over‐Responsivity Scales, an examiner‐based assessment measure to track changes of the participant's auditory SOR‐related behaviours. The results indicated that the participant exhibited a decrease in the number of negative (avoidant, verbal and physical negative) and self‐stimulatory behaviours. The decreases in negative and self‐stimulatory behaviour may have been due to the therapeutic effect of the repeated exposure to the Sensory Over‐Responsivity Scales or The Listening Program SBI. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of Fatigue with Perceived Stress in Chinese Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer Awaiting Adjuvant Radiotherapy
Authors: Ho Rainbow T. H. , Kwan Tracy T. C. , Cheung Irene K. M. , Chan Caitlin K. P. , Lo Phyllis H. Y. , Yip Paul S. F. , Luk Mai‐yee , Chan Cecilia L. W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCancer‐related fatigue (CRF) is common in women with breast cancer, but little is known of its relationship with perceived stress. We conducted a cross‐sectional study to explore the associations of CRF with perceived stress, anxiety, depression, pain and sleep quality in 133 Chinese women (aged 25–68 years) with early stage breast cancer. The majority of women had completed surgery and chemotherapy and were awaiting radiotherapy. Self‐administered questionnaires consisting of the Brief Fatigue Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale‐10, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Brief Pain Inventory, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to collect data. Forty‐five per cent of the women were severely fatigued. Compared with local healthy women and US breast cancer patients, the group's mean perceived stress score was significantly higher (bothp < 0.01). Higher perceived stress (β = 0.18,p = 0.032), higher anxiety (β = 0.30,p < 0.001) and higher pain severity (β = 0.38,p < 0.001) were associated with increased severity of CRF. The association of CRF with perceived stress was partially mediated by anxiety, suggesting a possible pathway from cancer and cancer treatment to CRF via stress appraisals and emotional distress. The findings indicate the importance of monitoring the psychological status of patients during treatment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LIN28A Marks the Spermatogonial Progenitor Population and Regulates Its Cyclic Expansion
Authors: Chakraborty Papia , Buaas F. William , Sharma Manju , Snyder Elizabeth , Rooij Dirk G. , Braun Robert E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOne of the hallmarks of highly proliferative adult tissues is the presence of a stem cell population that produces progenitor cells bound for differentiation. Progenitor cells undergo multiple transit amplifying (TA) divisions before initiating terminal differentiation. In the adult male germline, daughter cells arising from the spermatogonial stem cells undergo multiple rounds of TA divisions to produce undifferentiated clones of interconnected 2, 4, 8, and 16 cells, collectively termed Aundifferentiated (Aundiff) spermatogonia, before entering a stereotypic differentiation cascade. Although the number of TA divisions markedly affects the tissue output both at steady state and during regeneration, mechanisms regulating the expansion of the TA cell population are poorly understood in mammals. Here, we show that mice with a conditional deletion of Lin28a in the adult male germline, display impaired clonal expansion of the progenitor TA Aundiff spermatogonia. The in vivo proliferative activity of Aundiff spermatogonial cells as indicated by BrdU incorporation during S-phase was reduced in the absence of LIN28A. Thus, contrary to the role of LIN28A as a key determinant of cell fate signals in multiple stem cell lineages, in the adult male germline it functions as an intrinsic regulator of proliferation in the population of Aundiff TA spermatogonia. In addition, neither precocious differentiation nor diminished capacity for self-renewal potential as assessed by transplantation was observed, suggesting that neither LIN28A itself nor the pool of Aal progenitor cells substantially contribute to the functional stem cell compartment. Stem Cells 2014;32:860–873
Autophagy Regulates Homeostasis of Pluripotency-Associated Proteins in hESCs
Authors: Cho Yun-Hee , Han Kyu-Min , Kim Dongkyu , Lee Joonsun , Lee Sang-Hee , Choi Kyeng-Won , Kim Jungho , Han Yong-Mahn 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is maintained by intracellular networks of many pluripotency-associated (PA) proteins such as OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of protein homeostasis for pluripotency remain elusive. Here, we first demonstrate that autophagy acts together with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to modulate the levels of PA proteins in human ESCs (hESCs). Autophagy inhibition impaired the pluripotency despite increment of PA proteins in hESCs. Immunogold-electron microscopy confirmed localization of OCT4 molecules within autophagosomes. Also, knockdown of LC3 expression led to accumulation of PA proteins and reduction of pluripotency in hESCs. Interestingly, autophagy and the UPS showed differential kinetics in the degradation of PA proteins. Autophagy inhibition caused enhanced accumulation of both cytoplasmic and nuclear PA proteins, whereas the UPS inhibition led to preferentially degrade nuclear PA proteins. Our findings suggest that autophagy modulates homeostasis of PA proteins, providing a new insight in the regulation of pluripotency in hESCs. Stem Cells 2014;32:424–435