bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Outcomes in Liver Transplantation in Children With Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Oh Seak Hee , Kim Kyung Mo , Kim Dae Yeon , Kim Young , Song Seung Min , Lee Yeoun Joo , Park Seong‐Jong , Yoon Chong Hyun , Ko Gi‐Young , Sung Kyu‐Bo , Hwang Gyu‐Sam , Choi Kyu‐Taek , Yu Eunsil , Song Gi‐Won , Ha Tae‐Yong , Moon Deok‐Bog , Ahn Chul‐Soo , Kim Ki‐Hun , Hwang Shin , Park Kwang‐Min , Lee Young‐Joo , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of our study was to review the experiences of a living donor–dominant transplantation program for children with acute liver failure (ALF).Methods:Data were derived from the retrospective chart review of 50 children with ALF in a major liver center in the Republic of Korea.Results:A total of 50 children with ALF underwent 47 (94%) primary living donor liver transplantations and 3 (6%) cadaveric liver transplantations. The cumulative survival rates of the grafts at 1 and 5 years were 81.9% and 79.2%, respectively. The overall retransplantation rate was 12%. The cumulative survival rates of these patients at 1 and 5 years were all 87.9%. Most incidents of mortality followed the failure of the preceding graft. We observed no mortalities among donors. Based on multivariate analysis, children who had pretransplant thrombocytopenia or had to use the molecular adsorbent recycling system preoperatively were related to the graft loss. Age younger than 2 years and a hyperacute onset (within 7 days) of hepatic encephalopathy were associated with pretransplant thrombocytopenia.Conclusions:Living donor–dominant transplantation program in the present study demonstrates tolerable achievements in terms of clinical outcomes of recipients and donors; however, putative factors, such as pretransplant thrombocytopenia, seem to play unclear roles in a poor prognosis following transplantation.
A Novel Proteinase, SNOWY COTYLEDON4, Is Required for Photosynthetic Acclimation to Higher Light Intensities in Arabidopsis
Authors: Albrecht-Borth Verónica , Kauss Dominika , Fan Dayong , Hu Yuanyuan , Collinge Derek , Marri Shashikanth , Liebers Monique , Apel Klaus , Pfannschmidt Thomas , Chow Wah S. , Pogson Barry J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractExcess light can have a negative impact on photosynthesis; thus, plants have evolved many different ways to adapt to different light conditions to both optimize energy use and avoid damage caused by excess light. Analysis of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant snowy cotyledon4 (sco4) revealed a mutation in a chloroplast-targeted protein that shares limited homology with CaaX-type endopeptidases. The SCO4 protein possesses an important function in photosynthesis and development, with point mutations rendering the seedlings and adult plants susceptible to photooxidative stress. The sco4 mutation impairs the acclimation of chloroplasts and their photosystems to excess light, evidenced in a reduction in photosystem I function, decreased linear electron transfer, yet increased nonphotochemical quenching. SCO4 is localized to the chloroplasts, which suggests the existence of an unreported type of protein modification within this organelle. Phylogenetic and yeast complementation analyses of SCO4-like proteins reveal that SCO4 is a member of an unknown group of higher plant-specific proteinases quite distinct from the well-described CaaX-type endopeptidases RAS Converting Enzyme1 (RCE1) and zinc metallopeptidase STE24 and lacks canonical CaaX activity. Therefore, we hypothesize that SCO4 is a novel endopeptidase required for critical protein modifications within chloroplasts, influencing the function of proteins involved in photosynthesis required for tolerance to excess light.
The MLQ factor structure in a UK context
Authors: Edwards Gareth , Schyns Birgit , Gill Roger , Higgs Malcolm 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the factor structure of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) in a UK context. For a number of years studies have failed to reproduce the original MLQ factor structure. A paper published in Leadership & Organization Development Journal by Alban‐Metcalfe and Alimo‐Metcalfe in 2000 suggested that, in the UK context, contextually different views on leadership could be prevalent. This paper therefore reports a UK‐specific factor structure.Design/methodology/approachThe paper used a dataset from a recent piece of research on leadership by the first and third authors. The sample consisted of 367 managers from 38 UK‐based manufacturing organisations. The research used multiple ratings that consisted of 366 self‐ratings, 315 superior‐ratings, 238 peer‐ratings and 325 subordinate‐ratings and these ratings covered all levels across participating organisations – CEO, MD, directors, senior, middle and lower level management.FindingsThe findings uncovered a variant of the MLQ model that comprises active constructive leadership, active management‐by‐exception, and passive avoidant leadership. The findings also lend support to those who suggest that passive management‐by‐exception and laissez‐faire leadership are the same, or a similar, concept and support contingent reward as highly positively correlated with transformational leadership. Particularly interesting is the stand‐alone nature of active management‐by‐exception and which supports claims that there is a different view of leadership in the UK from that held in the USA.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper is based around the understanding of the MLQ in the UK and has produced a model of the full range leadership model that relates to the UK manufacturing context.
Pollen–pistil interactions in reproductive interference: comparisons of heterospecific pollen tube growth from alien species between two native Taraxacum species
Authors: Nishida Sachiko , Kanaoka Masahiro M. , Hashimoto Keisuke , Takakura Koh‐Ichi , Nishida Takayoshi 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Reproductive interference (RI), any negative interspecific interaction during the reproductive process, has been gaining increasing attention due to its potential explanatory power for the mutually exclusive distribution of closely related species. RI in plants may occur during any of three stages: pollen transfer, pollen–pistil interactions or hybridization. Pollen–pistil interactions may be especially important as most studies of RI have suggested the involvement at this stage. Details of these interactions are required to fully explore RI and are especially relevant in considering the impact of RI in the field.

We present a plausible explanation of how RI functions in the pollen–pistil interaction stage using two Japanese native dandelions, Taraxacum japonicum and Taraxacum longeappendiculatum, of which only the former is vulnerable to RI from an alien congener, Taraxacum officinale. We conducted a series of hand pollinations in these native dandelions and compared pollen tube behaviour to examine differences associated with vulnerability and imperviousness to RI from the alien.

The two native dandelions differed in terms of the absence/presence of pollen tube elongation after heterospecific pollination (pollination with only T. officinale): pollen tubes grew through the ovaries of the vulnerable T. japonicum, but not through those of the impervious T. longeappendiculatum. In vitro hand pollination verified that the alien pollen tubes could extend into the ovaries of T. japonicum.

Our results show that RI from the alien dandelion consumed ovules by heterospecific pollen deposition. The pistils of the impervious native species could prevent growth of the alien pollen tubes, thereby sparing the ovules for fertilization by conspecific pollen. The pistils of the vulnerable species lacked interspecific incompatibility against the alien, and thus, the alien pollen tube entered the ovary, eliminating an opportunity for conspecific pollen fertilization. This consumption of ovules by heterospecific pollen tubes would cause a seed set failure, leading to reduced abundance and a further exertion of RI in the next generation, which explains displacement of the vulnerable species by the alien in the field.
Defensive mutualisms: do microbial interactions within hosts drive the evolution of defensive traits?
Authors: May Georgiana , Nelson Paul 
Published: August 2013

Summary

We examine theoretical and empirical results to determine the importance of microbe–microbe interactions in the evolution of defensive traits.

Theoretical models show that the evolution of parasitism and the maintenance of mutualisms in multispecies interactions will depend on interactions with the host as well as with the defensive symbionts.

At the community level, selection for defensive traits will vary greatly with ecological context and such spatial or temporal variation itself may stabilize defensive mutualisms.

Studies of fungal endophytes within plant hosts demonstrate that endophytes acting as defensive mutualists may derive fitness benefits from the parasite as well as the host and suggest that interactions between co‐occurring symbionts within hosts may lead to the evolution of virulence.
Growth receptor binding protein 10 inhibits glucose‐stimulated insulin release from pancreatic β‐cells associated with suppression of the insulin/insulin‐like growth factor‐1 signalling pathway
Authors: Li Ling , Li Xiaowen , Zhu Yunxia , Zhang Mingliang , Yin Dechao , Lu Junxi , Liu Feng , Wang Chen , Jia Weiping 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Growth receptor binding protein 10 (Grb10) is an adaptor protein that interacts with the insulin receptor and insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1 receptor. Overexpression of Grb10 in muscle cells and adipocytes inhibits insulin signalling, and transgenic mice overexpressing Grb10 exhibit impaired glucose tolerance. However, the roles of Grb10 in β‐cells remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of Grb10 on β‐cell function.

The effects of Grb10 on glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and the insulin/IGF‐1 signalling pathway were investigated in rat islets and/or dispersed islet cells with Grb10 overexpresion by adenovirus transfection. Protein expression was detected by western blot analysis.

We found that Grb10 was expressed in both human and rat pancreas. Expression of Grb10 was increased in islets isolated from rats fed a high‐fat plus high‐sugar diet compared with islets isolated from rats fed normal chow diet, as well as in INS 832/13 cells exposed to high levels of glucose (20 mmol/L), palmitate (1 mmol/L) and interleukin‐1β (50 U/mL). Overexpression of Grb10 in INS 832/13 cells or rat islets impaired GSIS compared with the respective control (all P < 0.05). Moreover, inhibition of GSIS by Grb10 overexpression was associated with a decrease in insulin‐ and IGF‐1‐induced Akt and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation.

The results of the present study demonstrate that Grb10 is an important negative regulator of insulin/IGF‐1 signalling in pancreatic β‐cells and a potential target to improve β‐cell function.
The epidemiology of life‐threatening complications associated with reproductive process in public hospitals in Argentina
Authors: Karolinski A , Mercer R , Micone P , Ocampo C , Mazzoni A , Fontana O , Messina A , Winograd R , Frers MC , Nassif JC , Elordi HC , Lapidus A , Taddeo C , Damiano M , Lambruschini R , Muzzio C , Pecker B , Natale S , Nowacki D , Betular Á , Breccia G , Di Biase L , Montes Varela D , Dunaiewsky A , Minsk E , Fernández D , Martire L , Huespe M , Laterra C , Spagnuolo R , Gregoris C ,   AMBA Perinatal Network's Research Team
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo analyse life‐threatening obstetric complications that occurred in public hospitals in Argentina.DesignMulticentre collaborative cross‐sectional study.SettingTwenty‐five hospitals included in the Perinatal Network of Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area.PopulationWomen giving birth in participating hospitals during a 1‐year period.MethodsAll cases of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and maternal mortality (MM) during pregnancy (including miscarriage and induced abortion), labour and puerperium were included. Data were collected prospectively.Main outcome measuresIdentification criteria, main causes and incidence of SMM; case‐fatality rates, morbidity–mortality index and effective intervention's use rate.ResultsA total of 552 women with life‐threatening conditions were identified: 518 with SMM, 34 with MM. Identification criteria for SMM were case‐management (48.9%), organ dysfunction (15.2%) and mixed criteria (35.9%). Incidence of SMM was 0.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.73–0.87%) and hospital maternal death ratio was 52.3 per 100 000 live births (95% CI 35.5–69.1). Main causes of MM were abortion complications and puerperal sepsis; main causes of SMM were postpartum haemorrhage and hypertension. Overall case‐fatality rate was 6.2% (95% CI 4.4–8.6): the highest due to sepsis (14.8%) and abortion complications (13.3%). Morbidity‐mortality index was 15:1 (95% CI 7.5–30.8). Use rate of known effective interventions to prevent or treat main causes of MM and SMM was 52.3% (95% CI 46.9–57.7).ConclusionsThis study describes the importance of life‐threatening obstetric complications that took place in public hospitals with comprehensive obstetric care and the low utilisation of known effective interventions that may decrease rates of SMM and MM. It also provides arguments that justify the need to develop a surveillance system for SMM.
Oral contraceptive use and risk of vulvodynia: a population‐based longitudinal study
Authors: Reed BD , Harlow SD , Legocki LJ , Helmuth ME , Haefner HK , Gillespie BW , Sen A 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo assess whether the risk of vulvodynia is associated with previous use of oral contraceptives (OCs).DesignLongitudinal population‐based study.SettingFour counties in south‐east Michigan, USA.PopulationA population‐based sample of women, aged 18 years and older, enrolled using random‐digit dialling.MethodsEnrolled women completed surveys that included information on demographic characteristics, health status, current symptoms, past and present OC use, and a validated screen for vulvodynia. The temporal relationship between OC use and subsequent symptoms of vulvodynia was assessed using Cox regression, with OC exposure modelled as a time‐varying covariate.Main outcome measureVulvodynia, as determined by validated screen.ResultsWomen aged <50 years who provided data on OC use, completed all questions required for the vulvodynia screen, and had first sexual intercourse prior to the onset of vulvodynia symptoms were eligible (n = 906). Of these, 71.2% (n = 645) had used OCs. The vulvodynia screen was positive in 8.2% (n = 74) for current vulvodynia and in 20.8% (n = 188) for past vulvodynia. Although crude cross‐tabulation suggested that women with current or past vulvodynia were less likely to have been exposed to OCs prior to the onset of pain (60.7%), compared with those without this disorder (69.3%), the Cox regression analysis identified no association between vulvodynia and previous OC use (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.81–1.43, P = 0.60). This null finding persisted after controlling for ethnicity, marital status, educational level, duration of use, and age at first OC use.ConclusionFor women aged <50 years of age, OC use did not increase the risk of subsequent vulvodynia.
HeFPipe: a complete analytical pipeline for heterozygosity‐fitness correlation studies
Authors: Fisher Mark A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAs the body of heterozygosity‐fitness correlation (HFC) research grows, more and increasingly complicated tests have become an integral part of a typical HFC analysis (Chapman et al. 2009). Currently, no software is available to undertake conversion between the file formats required to conduct all of these tests and to conduct the main regression analyses at the core of all HFCs. Heterozygosity‐Fitness Pipeline (HeFPipe) is a script written in Python that accomplishes both of these tasks for studies based on microsatellite data. HeFPipe is designed to be used from the command line terminal and will run on any Mac OSX computer. The script takes input in the form of allele reports from either the genotype‐calling software, GeneMapper or GeneMarker, and reconfigures the data into GENEPOP (Raymond & Rousset 1995), Rhh (Alho et al. 2010), RMES (David et al. 2007) and GEPHAST (Amos & Acevedo‐Whitehouse 2009) formats. The script is also equipped to reformat the output from GENEPOP on the Web (option 5) and Rhh into csv spreadsheets that can be incorporated into downstream analyses. HeFPipe accommodates user‐provided lists of samples and markers to be included in or excluded from analyses. HeFPipe is equipped to create generalized linear models (GLMs) from both the main data set and subsets of the data. Finally, HeFPipe allows users to explore single‐marker effects and conduct correlation analyses. The script, a comprehensive manual, a link to a series of video tutorials, and an example data set are available from GitHub (http://github.com/Atticus29/HeFPipe_rpos).
Diagnostic concordance rate between histologic and cytologic specimens of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration in lung cancer: A single institution experience
Authors: Bae Won , Kim Hyojin , Kim Yong A. , Lee Jinwoo , Lee Chang‐Hoon , Lee Sang‐Min , Yim Jae‐Joon , Yoo Chul‐Gyu , Kim Young Whan , Han Sung Koo , Park Young Sik 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aspirates from endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) were examined using the tissue core and cytology. We assessed that the tissue core was a more reliable specimen and attempted to analyze how many discrepancies were found between the two specimens. We investigated diagnostic concordance rate between histology and cytology.MethodsFrom January 2011 to December 2011, a total of 267 consecutive patients with lung cancer, who underwent EBUS‐TBNA, were included in this retrospective study.ResultsOf the 267 lung cancer patients, 207 (77.5%) were men. The median age was 65 years old. The most common pathologic type was adenocarcinoma (120, 44.9%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (79, 29.6%). Among the 267 patients, 579 mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes were punctured. The right lower paratracheal (204, 35.2%) and subcarinal (172, 29.7%) lymph nodes were the most common nodal stations. Among the 579 lymph nodes, malignant cells were observed in 267 (46.1%) nodes, in either the histologic, cytologic or both slides: 209 in both histology and cytology, 37 in histology only, and 21 in cytology only slides. The diagnostic concordance rate between the tissue core and cytology was 90.0% (95% confidence interval CI, 87.1–92.2) (κ = 0.79).ConclusionsThe diagnostic concordance rate between the histology and cytology of EBUS‐TBNA in lung cancer was 90.0% (95% CI, 87.1–92.2) (κ = 0.79).
Quantitative Variation in Plasma Angiotensin‐I Converting Enzyme Activity Shows Allelic Heterogeneity in the ABO Blood Group Locus
Authors: Terao Chikashi , Bayoumi Nervana , McKenzie Colin A. , Zelenika Diana , Muro Shigeo , Mishima Michiaki ,   The Nagahama Cohort Research Group, Connell John M C , Vickers Mark A. , Lathrop G. Mark , Farrall Martin , Matsuda Fumihiko , Keavney Bernard D. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAngiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE) occupies a pivotal role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Major loci for plasma ACE have been identified at ACE on Chromosome 17 and at ABO on Chromosome 9. We sought to characterise the genetic architecture of plasma ACE at finer resolution in two populations. We carried out a GWAS in 1810 individuals of Japanese ethnicity; this identified signals at ACE and ABO that together accounted for nearly half of the population variability of the trait. We conducted measured haplotype analysis at the ABO locus in 1425 members of 248 British families using haplotypes of three SNPs, which together tagged the alleles responsible for the principal blood group antigens A1, A2, B and O. Type O alleles were associated with intermediate plasma ACE activity compared to Type A1 alleles (in whom plasma ACE activity was ∼36% lower) and Type B alleles (in whom plasma ACE activity was ∼36% higher). We demonstrated heterogeneity among A alleles: A2 alleles were associated with plasma ACE activity that was very similar to the O alleles. Variation at ACE accounted for 35% of the trait variance, and variation at ABO accounted for 15%. A further 10% could be ascribed to polygenic effects.
A Genome‐Wide Search for Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility Genes in an Extended Arab Family
Authors: Al Safar Habiba S. , Cordell Heather J. , Jafer Osman , Anderson Denise , Jamieson Sarra E. , Fakiola Michaela , Khazanehdari Kamal , Tay Guan K. , Blackwell Jenefer M. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryTwenty percent of people aged 20 to 79 have type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genes for T2D have not been reported for Arab countries. We performed a discovery GWAS in an extended UAE family (N = 178; 66 diabetic; 112 healthy) genotyped on the Illumina Human 660 Quad Beadchip, with independent replication of top hits in 116 cases and 199 controls. Power to achieve genome‐wide significance (commonly P = 5 × 10−8) was therefore limited. Nevertheless, transmission disequilibrium testing in FBAT identified top hits at Chromosome 4p12‐p13 (KCTD8: rs4407541, P = 9.70 × 10−6; GABRB1: rs10517178/rs1372491, P = 4.19 × 10−6) and 14q13 (PRKD1: rs10144903, 3.92 × 10−6), supported by analysis using a linear mixed model approximation in GenABEL (4p12‐p13 GABRG1/GABRA2: rs7662743, Padj‐agesex = 2.06 × 10−5; KCTD8: rs4407541, Padj‐agesex = 1.42 × 10−4; GABRB1: rs10517178/rs1372491, Padj‐agesex = 0.027; 14q13 PRKD1: rs10144903, Padj‐agesex = 6.95 × 10−5). SNPs across GABRG1/GABRA2 did not replicate, whereas more proximal SNPs rs7679715 (Padj‐agesex = 0.030) and rs2055942 (Padj‐agesex = 0.022) at COX7B2/GABRA4 did, in addition to a trend distally at KCTD8 (rs4695718: Padj‐agesex = 0.096). Modelling of discovery and replication data support independent signals at GABRA4 (rs2055942: Padj‐agesex‐combined = 3 × 10−4) and at KCTD8 (rs4695718: Padj‐agesex‐combined = 2 × 10−4). Replication was observed for PRKD1 rs1953722 (proxy for rs10144903; Padj‐agesex = 0.031; Padj‐agesex‐combined = 2 × 10−4). These genes may provide important functional leads in understanding disease pathogenesis in this population.