bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Presentation and Periodontal Management of a Case Mimicking Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis in a Patient With Sarcoidosis: A Case Report
Authors: Smitha K. , Pradeep A.R. , Natrajan M. , Shilpa K. , Janitha S. , Smitha G.P. 
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown etiology characterized by the presence of non‐caseating granulomas with rare manifestations in the oral cavity and with only ≈75 cases having been reported in the literature, including the present case.Case Presentation: A 23‐year‐old Indian female presented with the chief complaint of red, enlarged, bleeding gums and loosened teeth with increasing gaps between the teeth over the past 2 years. Clinical examination revealed moderate to severe generalized breakdown of the periodontium. The medical history revealed that the patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis involving the joints of the extremities, had undergone long‐term clinical treatment for 18 years, and was considered to be under clinical control only 1 month before reporting for dental treatment. Histopathology of biopsy specimen obtained from palatal gingiva indicated the presence of focal areas of non‐caseating granulomas, which was compatible with sarcoidosis. The patient was diagnosed with periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease attributable to sarcoidosis. She was managed surgically for periodontitis and was followed up for 12 months. She showed no progression of periodontal disease.Conclusion: Careful review of medical history and close monitoring of intraoral conditions are critical for patients with a history of sarcoidosis.
The academic productivity and impact of the University of Toronto Neurosurgery Program as assessed by manuscripts published and their number of citations
Authors: Lozano Christopher S. , Tam Joseph , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Lozano Andres M. 
Published: June 2015

OBJECT
Recent works have assessed academic output across neurosurgical programs using various analyses of accumulated citations as a proxy for academic activity and productivity. These assessments have emphasized North American neurosurgical training centers and have largely excluded centers outside the United States. Because of the long tradition and level of academic activity in neurosurgery at the University of Toronto, the authors sought to compare that program's publication and citation metrics with those of established programs in the US as documented in the literature. So as to not rely on historical achievements that may be of less relevance, they focused on recent works, that is, those published in the most recent complete 5-year period.

METHODS
The authors sought to make their data comparable to existing published data from other programs. To this end, they compiled a list of published papers by neurosurgical faculty at the University of Toronto for the period from 2009 through 2013 using the Scopus database. Individual author names were disambiguated; the total numbers of papers and citations were compiled on a yearly basis. They computed a number of indices, including the ih(5)-index (i.e., the number of citations the papers received over a 5-year period), the summed h-index of the current faculty over time, and a number of secondary measures, including the ig(5), ie(5), and i10(5)-indices. They also determined the impact of individual authors in driving the results using Gini coefficients. To address the issue of author ambiguity, which can be problematic in multicenter bibliometric analyses, they have provided a source dataset used to determine the ih(5) index for the Toronto program.

RESULTS
The University of Toronto Neurosurgery Program had approximately 29 full-time surgically active faculty per year (not including nonneurosurgical faculty) in the 5-year period from 2009 to 2013. These faculty published a total of 1217 papers in these 5 years. The total number of citations from these papers was 13,434. The ih(5)-index at the University of Toronto was 50.

CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of comparison with published bibliometric data of US programs, the University of Toronto ranks first in terms of number of publications, number of citations, and ih(5)-index among neurosurgical programs in North America and most likely in the world.
Blood pressure lowering effect of <i>Pennisetum glaucum</i> in rats
Authors: Mushtaq Muhammad Naveed , Akhtar Muhammad Shoaib , . Alamgeer 
Published: June 2015

<p>The present study was carried out to evaluate the seeds of Pennisetum glaucum for its blood pressure lowering effect in rats. Aqueous-methanolic extract of P. glaucum seeds in 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses was studied in normotensive, egg-feed diet and glucose-induced hypertensive rats using non-invasive technique. The extract significantly (p˂0.5 - p˂0.001) decreased blood pressure and heart rate with maximum effect at 1,000 mg/kg dose. The extract was found to prevent rise in blood pressure of egg and glucose fed rats as compared to control group in 21 days study. The extract was safe in mice up to dose of 4 g/kg and sub-chronic toxicity study showed that there was no significant alterations in blood chemistry of extract treated rats. It is conceivable, therefore, that aqueous-methanolic extract of P. glaucum seeds has exerted considerable antihypertensive activity which may be due to the presence of phytochemical constituents.</p><p> </p>
Andrimont (Belgique) changement social et formes de sociabilité
Authors: Doutrelepont René , Lacomble- Masereel Bernadette 
Published: June 2015

De gemeentelijke microcosmos van Andrimont is maar klein (954 hectaren, minder dan 7000 inwoners) maar daarom nog niet homogeen. Het relief verdeelt Andrimont in wijken met een eigen karakter, eigen kerk, eigen school en liefdadigheidsverenigingen. In het midden van de XlXde eeuw begint de industrialisatie het landschap, de demografische structuur en het leven van elke dag te veranderen. De wijken in de vallei worden opgeslokt door de agglomeratie van Verviers, die leeft van de produktie van laken, terwijl het dorp op de heuvel zijn ruraal karakter bijna intakt bewaart. Voorlopig tenminste : de desindustrialisatie wordt sedert een kwart eeuw duidelijker, maar onder- tussen wordt het transport gemakkelijker, wat dan bijdraagt tot een grotere spreiding van verkave- lingen en een dito vermenging van de bevolking. Buitenlanders gaan in de oude arbeiderswoningen wonen, die de Belgen verlaten hebben.
In een zo verscheiden woonomgeving bestaan er drie vormen van sociabiliteit naast elkaar, schijn- baar zonder conflict al hebben ze wel de neiging elkaar te verdringen. eerst de parochiale sociabiliteit met kermissen, fancy-fairs, amateurtoneel, jeudgbewegingen, die aan belang inboet. Daarnaast de gemeentelijke sociabiliteit die het product is van de gemeentelijke sociale, cultuur en sportpoli- tiek. En tenslotte naast de twee pijlers van het Belgische openbare leven, de parochie en de gemeente blijven er nog vormen bestaan van oudere sociabiliteit (familiebijeenkomsten, patriotische herden- kingen) die vreemd staan tegenover informele groepen (gepensioneerden, vrouwencollectief, ver- bruikers) die zich in de door de crisis meest getroffen wijk inplanten.
Centralized Reading Center Improves Quality in a Real-World Setting
Authors: Hudson Sharon M. , Contreras Richard , Kanter Michael H. , Munz Stephen J. , Fong Donald S. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening is standard of care, but its utility diminishes unless high quality is maintained. This project describes the improvement in diagnostic accuracy achieved at a large health maintenance organization by implementing a centralized reading center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Data were extracted from the electronic health records of patients with diabetes who underwent DR screening between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2013, at 13 medical centers. Certified ophthalmic assistants and technicians were trained to read DR images under the supervision of a retinal specialist. This program was pilot-tested prior to full implementation.

RESULTS:
DR prevalence among the 13 centers in 2009 was 10.1%, far below the national average. After implementation, prevalence increased to 22.1%. The program also resulted in improved access to follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
The results demonstrate the value of a reading center in decreasing diagnostic error and achieving other improvements in a real-world setting.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:624–629.]
Imaging of Cell–Cell Communication in a Vertical Orientation Reveals High-Resolution Structure of Immunological Synapse and Novel PD-1 Dynamics
Authors: Jang Joon Hee , Huang Yu , Zheng Peilin , Jo Myeong Chan , Bertolet Grant , Zhu Michael Xi , Qin Lidong , Liu Dongfang 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The immunological synapse (IS) is one of the most pivotal communication strategies in immune cells. Understanding the molecular basis of the IS provides critical information regarding how immune cells mount an effective immune response. Fluorescence microscopy provides a fundamental tool to study the IS. However, current imaging techniques for studying the IS cannot sufficiently achieve high resolution in real cell–cell conjugates. In this study, we present a new device that allows for high-resolution imaging of the IS with conventional confocal microscopy in a high-throughput manner. Combining micropits and single-cell trap arrays, we have developed a new microfluidic platform that allows visualization of the IS in vertically “stacked” cells. Using this vertical cell pairing (VCP) system, we investigated the dynamics of the inhibitory synapse mediated by an inhibitory receptor, programed death protein-1, and the cytotoxic synapse at the single-cell level. In addition to the technique innovation, we have demonstrated novel biological findings by this VCP device, including novel distribution of F-actin and cytolytic granules at the IS, programed death protein-1 microclusters at the NK IS, and kinetics of cytotoxicity. We propose that this high-throughput, cost-effective, easy-to-use VCP system, along with conventional imaging techniques, can be used to address a number of significant biological questions in a variety of disciplines.
Assessing Nonverbal Communication Skills Through Video Recording and Debriefing of Clinical Skill Simulation Exams
Authors: Heinerichs Scott , Cattano Nicole M , Morrison Katherine E. 
Published: June 2015

ContextNonverbal communication (NVC) skills are a critical component to clinician interactions with patients, and no research exists on the investigation of athletic training students' nonverbal communication skills. Video recording and debriefing have been identified as methods to assess and educate students' NVC skills in other allied health care fields.ObjectiveTo investigate whether athletic training students perceived video recording and debriefing of their simulation exams to be an effective method for learning and assessing their NVC skills.DesignSurvey.SettingA standard athletic training education laboratory.Patients or Other ParticipantsA convenience sample of 47 participants enrolled in an upper-level athletic training laboratory course.Data Collection and AnalysisDescriptive statistics were conducted on combined items from NVC feedback forms that students completed after three simulation exams.ResultsWhile 96% of the students thought their ability to assess their NVC communication skills had improved and 98% actually felt that their NVC skills improved as a result of this method, all participants agreed this was a worthwhile experience.Conclusion(s)Similar to medical and nursing literature, students felt that video recording and debriefing of clinical simulation exams were worthwhile and valuable methods for learning about and evaluating their NVC skills.
Student Perceptions of an Athletic Training Residential Living Community
Authors: Bradney Debbie A. , Bowman Thomas G. 
Published: June 2015

ContextColleges and universities are implementing new academic and social programs to retain students. One possible program is a residential living community (RLC) devoted to a content area.ObjectiveTo understand the perceptions of athletic training students involved in an RLC.DesignQualitative study.SettingAthletic training program.Patients or Other ParticipantsTen athletic training students (8 female, 2 male; average age = 19.50 ± 0.97 years) who participated in an RLC during their first year in college volunteered to participate.Data Collection and AnalysisWe used QuestionPro to complete in-depth interviews by having the participants journal their responses to open-ended questions. We used grounded theory to uncover the dominant themes and negotiated over the coding scheme, completed member checks, and performed a peer review to establish trustworthiness.ResultsThe overall theme of our data pertained to the supportive nature of the RLC allowing for early socialization. Specifically, we uncovered 3 subthemes. The participants found study opportunities common because they lived in close proximity to peers in the same classes. Our participants believed the RLC provided a supportive environment by fostering a support network with classmates navigating similar challenges. Students also enjoyed early socialization by having a resident assistant who was an upper-level athletic training student. The final theme emerged from the unintended consequences of the RLC. Finding a quiet area in which to study became difficult and students often had trouble making personal connections outside of athletic training.ConclusionsThe RLC promoted first-year student success by fostering relationships and providing early socialization to the demands of the athletic training program. Some negative aspects did occur; however, these can be remedied by having quiet study spaces available and providing students with sufficient time outside of athletic training to pursue extracurricular endeavors.
Program Director Perspectives on Athletic Training Student Motivation to Complete Their Professional Athletic Training Degrees
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Bowman Thomas G. , Dodge Thomas M. 
Published: June 2015

Context
Student motivation has been linked to persistence until graduation for athletic training students. There is little research, however on ways athletic training programs (ATPs) foster student motivation.

Objective
To expand upon the existing literature regarding retention of students in ATPs, specifically examining the concept of student motivation to complete degree requirements from the perspective of the program director (PD).

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
One-on-one telephone interviews.

Patients or Other Participants
Eight PDs from professional master's and 16 PDs from undergraduate ATPs.

Data Collection and Analysis
We asked PDs to participate in a tape-recorded semistructured telephone interview. We analyzed data using a general inductive approach and secured credibility by utilizing member checks, multiple analyst triangulation, and peer review.

Results
Motivation for degree completion, as evaluated by the PD, is fostered by internal motivation, program pride and continued tradition of program success, and accomplishment of the personal goal to become an athletic trainer. Conversely, 1 major theme, disinterest or dissatisfaction with a career in athletic training, evolved as a reason to not remain motivated to complete the degree requirements for athletic training.

Conclusions
Program directors reported that internal drive and the achievement of personal goals influence the persistence of students in their ATPs. Students are also motivated by the successes of previous students in the program and feel a responsibility to uphold the legacy.
Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Athletic Training Students in the Clinical Education Setting: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nakajima Mikiko Aoyagi , Freesemann Keith W. 
Published: June 2015

ContextHelp-seeking is an important self-regulating and proactive strategy that prepares students to be successful learners. It is particularly important in the clinical education setting, in which students must actively engage in learning.ObjectiveTo determine both the type of help-seeking behaviors used by athletic training students in the clinical education setting and the relationship between help-seeking behaviors and achievement in their athletic training program.DesignCross-sectional exploratory study.SettingOnline survey.Patients or Other ParticipantsAthletic training students from one Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited athletic training program.Data Collection and AnalysisAn online survey was developed using previously validated help-seeking and general self-efficacy scales and several demographic questions. Factorial multivariate analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of covariance and univariate analyses determined differences among respondents' demographic characteristics and other variables.ResultsA total of 38 athletic training students responded to the online survey. There was a significant main effect for passing/failing of competency exams (Wilks λ = 0.680, F = 3.061, P = .034), semester (Wilks λ = 0.485, F = 6.905, P = .001), and interaction effect (Wilks λ = 0.591, P = .007). Follow-up analysis showed that first-semester students who passed had significantly lower scores for avoidance of help-seeking (M = 1.229 ± 0.282) compared to first-semester students who didn't pass (M = 1.994 ± 0.079; P = .004).ConclusionsStudents typically engaged in help-seeking behaviors beneficial for learning (ie, instrumental help-seeking). However, students who engaged in avoidance help-seeking had lower achievement scores when measured by the passing/failing of their competency exam at the end of their respective semester. Preceptors and athletic training educators are encouraged to detect the type of help-seeking behaviors students use and guide them to those that are conducive to learning and success.
Factors Influencing Senior Athletic Training Students' Preparedness to Enter the Workforce
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Benes Sarah S. 
Published: June 2015

Context
Athletic training education programs must provide the student with opportunities to learn the roles and responsibilities of the athletic trainer.

Objective
Investigate factors that help prepare the athletic training student (ATS) to successfully enter the workplace upon graduation from her undergraduate program.

Design
Exploratory qualitative study using phone interviews.

Setting
Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited programs.

Patients or Other Participants
Twenty-six interviews were conducted with ATSs (7 men, 19 women) who were pursuing an athletic training position postgraduation.

Data Collection and Analysis
Interview data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed utilizing the specific procedures of grounded theory. Trustworthiness of the data was established by using 2 specific strategies, including (1) member checks and (2) multiple analyst triangulation.

Results
Two themes emerged from the data explaining the ATS level of preparedness, as they got ready to assume a position in the athletic training workforce: diversified clinical experience along with strong mentorship.

Conclusions
Athletic training educators need to promote the mentorship relationship between the ATS and clinical instructor as it helps the ATSs gain self-confidence in their clinical abilities. Moreover, by providing variety in clinical experiences the ATS can gain a holistic impression of the field, thus gaining an appreciation for the varying roles within each clinical setting while developing clinical competence and confidence.
Factors Influencing Athletic Training Students' Perceptions of the Athletic Training Profession and Career Choice
Authors: Benes Sarah S. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. 
Published: June 2015

Context
Successful athletic training programs should help students develop a desire to work within the athletic training profession while providing adequate preparation for them to enter the workforce. Understanding athletic training students' perceptions of the profession as they leave programs and the factors that influence these perceptions is critical in ensuring retention of graduating students in the field.

Objective
To examine senior athletic training students' [SATSs] attitudes, opinions, and perceptions of the athletic training profession and to gain insight into the factors that influence their career choice.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited athletic training education programs.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 26 SATSs (7 men, 19 women) who graduated in 2011.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We collected data using semistructured phone interviews and implemented a grounded theory approach to analyze the data. We used member checks and multiple-analyst triangulation strategies to establish the trustworthiness of the data.

Results
The SATSs reported positive and negative perceptions about the profession within 2 major categories: (1) aspects of the profession and (2) public understanding of the profession. “Aspects of the profession” was described by long hours/schedule, low salary, family conflict issues, future of the profession, dynamism of the profession, and profession people enjoy. The “Public understanding of the profession” was articulated by public misconception and a lack of respect for the profession. Factors that influence their perceptions are related to prior experience with athletic training/sports, clinical experiences, and interaction with athletic training professionals.

Conclusions
The SATSs have developed positive and negative perceptions about the profession through their professional preparations. These are influenced by their progression through the program wherein they develop confidence and feel prepared to enter the workforce with a better understanding of and passion for the profession.
Reflective Observation in the Clinical Education Setting: A Way to Promote Learning
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Bowman Thomas G. , Benes Sarah S. 
Published: June 2015

Context
Clinical experiences help athletic training students gain real-time learning experiences by engaging in patient care. Observational learning has been identified as important to athletic training student development, yet little is known about its effectiveness.

Objective
To explore the athletic training students' perspectives on their experiences in the clinical education setting, particularly examining the effectiveness of observational learning.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE)-accredited undergraduate programs.

Patients or Other Participants
Twenty-four athletic training students (7 juniors and 17 seniors) from 4 National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) districts volunteered to participant in our study. The average age was 21 years (range, 20–23 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Participants responded to a series of open-ended questions by journaling their thoughts and opinions through the secure Web site QuestionPro. Questions examined clinical education experiences and learning preferences. The resulting data were analyzed using a general inductive procedure, and credibility was established by employing peer review, member checks, and multiple analyst triangulation.

Results
Our analysis revealed that observational learning can benefit students when academic standing is considered, the circumstances are right, and it allows for directed mentoring. Our participants valued opportunities to engage in observational learning, as long as it was limited and purposeful.

Conclusions
All 24 participants identified themselves as hands-on learners who preferred to be actively engaged during their learning experiences, but who also valued opportunities to observe their preceptors demonstrating and modeling appropriate skills and behaviors before engaging in the same practices themselves. Today's student, the millennial, appears to favor visual learning, which may partially explain why our cohort of athletic training students described observational learning as advantageous in certain situations.