bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic-sprayed Graphene Oxide and Air-sprayed Silver Nanowire for the Preparation of Flexible Transparent Conductive Films
Authors: Ko Young-Hui , Lee Ju-Won , Choi Won-Kook , Kim Sung-Ryong 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Simple solution spray coating of graphene oxide (GO) and Ag nanowires (AgNWs) was employed to prepare transparent conductive films (TCFs). We used air and ultrasonic spraying, and the effects of different spraying methods on the properties of TCFs were investigated. Ultrasonic spraying exhibited a significant decrease in the length of AgNWs and increase of sheet resistance. Thin two-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (rGO) prepared by ultrasonic spraying with tightly bound conductive Ag nanowires prepared by air spraying effectively decreased the sheet resistance and increased the transparency of the hybrid films. Air-sprayed rGO (0.25 mL)–AgNW (0.45 mL)/poly(methyl methacrylate) exhibited a sheet resistance of 328 Ω/; however, the ultrasonic-sprayed rGO (0.25 mL)–air-sprayed AgNW (0.45 mL) on a poly(methyl methacrylate) showed a significant improvement of sheet resistance to 86 Ω/ with a light transmittance of 78%. The sprayed rGO–AgNW showed little change in sheet resistance after 200 bending cycles with a radius curvature of 10 mm.
Resistive Switching Memory Based on Size-controlled 1-nm Gold Particles
Authors: Imaoka Takane , Fushimi Mayu , Kimoto Atsushi , Okamoto Yukiyasu , Takanashi Kensaku , Yamamoto Kimihisa 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Monodispersed Au nanoparticles composed of only 14 atoms were synthesized by a dendrimer-based template method. A spin-coated dendrimer film containing these Au nanoparticles exhibited significant resistive switching functions during the reversible scan of an applied bias.
Encapsulation of Hyperthermophilic β-Glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus into Silica Microcapsules
Authors: Watanabe Masahiro , Fujiwara Masahiro , Ishikawa Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Immobilized enzymes are finding use in bioreactors for a wide range of applications such as in research, medicine, and industry. One of the greatest benefits of immobilized enzymes is that the enzymes can be used repeatedly. In this study, we encapsulated the hyperthermophilic β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus (BGLPf) into silica microcapsules. BGLPf plays an important role in the high-temperature hydrolysis of cellooligosaccharides found in biomass. This technology provides a new tool for the effective saccharification of biomass.
Direct Synthesis of Liquid Metal Colloids and Their Transmetalation into Noble Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Sudo Shinya , Nagata Shunjiro , Kokado Kenta , Sada Kazuki 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Facile mixing of a liquid metal, organic medium, and surfactant by sonication provided well-dispersed and uniformly sized gallium nanoparticles (GaNP). Furthermore, transformation to other noble metal nanoparticles having a similar size distribution was achieved via metal exchanging redox process utilizing the GaNP as the precursor.
Interscapulothoracic resection of tumours of shoulder with a note on reconstruction
Authors: Xie L. , X. D. Tang , Yang R. L. , Guo W. 
Published: May 2014

We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of 33 consecutive patients who had undergone an extra-articular, total or partial scapulectomy for a malignant tumour of the shoulder girdle between 1 July 2001 and 30 September 2013. Of these, 26 had tumours which originated in the scapula or the adjacent soft tissue and underwent a classic Tikhoff–Linberg procedure, while seven with tumours arising from the proximal humerus were treated with a modified Tikhoff-Linberg operation. We used a Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System for soft-tissue reconstruction in nine patients, but not in the other 24.The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score (MSTS) was 17.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 15.9 to 19.4); 17.6 (95% CI 15.5 to 19.6) after the classic Tikhoff–Linberg procedure and 18.1 (95% CI 13.8 to 22.3) after the modified Tikhoff–Linberg procedure. Patients who had undergone a LARS soft-tissue reconstruction had a mean score of 18.6 (95% (CI) 13.9 to 22.4) compared with 17.2 (95% CI 15.5 to 19.0) for those who did not.The Tikhoff–Linberg procedure is a useful method for wide resection of a malignant tumour of the shoulder girdle which helps to preserve hand and elbow function. The method of soft-tissue reconstruction has no effect on functional outcome.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:684–90.
A new morphological classification for greater tuberosity fractures of the proximal humerus
Authors: Mutch J. , Laflamme G. Y. , Hagemeister N. , Cikes A. , Rouleau D. M. 
Published: May 2014

In this study, we describe a morphological classification for greater tuberosity fractures of the proximal humerus. We divided these fractures into three types: avulsion, split and depression. We retrospectively reviewed all shoulder radiographs showing isolated greater tuberosity fractures in a Level I trauma centre between July 2007 and July 2012. We identified 199 cases where records and radiographs were reviewed and included 79 men and 120 women with a mean age of 58 years (23 to 96). The morphological classification was applied to the first 139 cases by three reviewers on two occasions using the Kappa statistic and compared with the AO and Neer classifications. The inter- and intra-observer reliability of the morphological classification was 0.73 to 0.77 and 0.69 to 0.86, respectively. This was superior to the Neer (0.31 to 0.35/0.54 to 0.63) and AO (0.30 to 0.32/0.59 to 0.65) classifications. The distribution of avulsion, split and depression type fractures was 39%, 41%, and 20%, respectively. This classification of greater tuberosity fractures is more reliable than the Neer or AO classifications. These distinct fracture morphologies are likely to have implications in terms of pathophysiology and surgical technique. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:646–51.
Three-dimensional morphology and bony range of movement in hip joints in patients with hip dysplasia
Authors: Nakahara I. , Takao M. , Sakai T. , Miki H. , Nishii T. , Sugano N. 
Published: May 2014

To confirm whether developmental dysplasia of the hip has a risk of hip impingement, we analysed maximum ranges of movement to the point of bony impingement, and impingement location using three-dimensional (3D) surface models of the pelvis and femur in combination with 3D morphology of the hip joint using computer-assisted methods. Results of computed tomography were examined for 52 hip joints with DDH and 73 normal healthy hip joints. DDH shows larger maximum extension (p = 0.001) and internal rotation at 90° flexion (p < 0.001). Similar maximum flexion (p = 0.835) and external rotation (p = 0.713) were observed between groups, while high rates of extra-articular impingement were noticed in these directions in DDH (p < 0.001). Smaller cranial acetabular anteversion (p = 0.048), centre-edge angles (p < 0.001), a circumferentially shallower acetabulum, larger femoral neck anteversion (p < 0.001), and larger alpha angle were identified in DDH. Risk of anterior impingement in retroverted DDH hips is similar to that in retroverted normal hips in excessive adduction but minimal in less adduction. These findings might be borne in mind when considering the possibility of extra-articular posterior impingement in DDH being a source of pain, particularly for patients with a highly anteverted femoral neck.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:580–9.
The distribution of heat in bone during radiofrequency ablation of an ex vivo bovine model of osteoid osteoma
Authors: Greenberg A. , Berenstein Weyel T. , Sosna J. , Applbaum J. , Peyser A. 
Published: May 2014

Osteoid osteoma is treated primarily by radiofrequency (RF) ablation. However, there is little information about the distribution of heat in bone during the procedure and its safety. We constructed a model of osteoid osteoma to assess the distribution of heat in bone and to define the margins of safety for ablation. Cavities were drilled in cadaver bovine bones and filled with a liver homogenate to simulate the tumour matrix. Temperature-sensing probes were placed in the bone in a radial fashion away from the cavities. RF ablation was performed 107 times in tumours < 10 mm in diameter (72 of which were in cortical bone, 35 in cancellous bone), and 41 times in cortical bone with models > 10 mm in diameter. Significantly higher temperatures were found in cancellous bone than in cortical bone (p < 0.05). For lesions up to 10 mm in diameter, in both bone types, the temperature varied directly with the size of the tumour (p < 0.05), and inversely with the distance from it. Tumours of > 10 mm in diameter showed a trend similar to those of smaller lesions. No temperature rise was seen beyond 12 mm from the edge of a cortical tumour of any size. Formulae were developed to predict the expected temperature in the bone during ablation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:677–83
Post-operative outcomes of atypical femoral subtrochanteric fracture in patients on bisphosphonate therapy
Authors: Teo B. J. X. , Koh J. S. B. , Goh S. K. , Png M. A. , Chua D. T. C. , Howe T. S. 
Published: May 2014

Management of bisphosphonate-associated subtrochanteric fractures remains opinion- or consensus-based. There are limited data regarding the outcomes of this fracture. We retrospectively reviewed 33 consecutive female patients with a mean age of 67.5 years (47 to 91) who were treated surgically between May 2004 and October 2009. The mean follow-up was 21.7 months (0 to 53). Medical records and radiographs were reviewed to determine the post-operative ambulatory status, time to clinical and radiological union and post-fixation complications such as implant failure and need for second surgery. The predominant fixation method was with an extramedullary device in 23 patients. 25 (75%) patients were placed on wheelchair mobilisation or no weight-bearing initially. The mean time to full weight-bearing was 7.1 months (2.2 to 29.7). The mean time for fracture site pain to cease was 6.2 months (1.2 to 17.1). The mean time to radiological union was 10.0 months (2.2 to 27.5). Implant failure was seen in seven patients (23%, 95 confidence interval (CI) 11.8 to 40.9). Revision surgery was required in ten patients (33%, 95 CI 19.2 to 51.2). A large proportion of the patients required revision surgery and suffered implant failure. This fracture is associated with slow healing and prolonged post-operative immobility. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:658–64.
Is limb salvage surgery safe for bone sarcomas identified after a previous surgical procedure?
Authors: Gaston C. L. , Nakamura T. , Reddy K. , Abudu A. , Carter S. , Jeys L. , Tillman R. , Grimer R. 
Published: May 2014

Bone sarcomas are rare cancers and orthopaedic surgeons come across them infrequently, sometimes unexpectedly during surgical procedures. We investigated the outcomes of patients who underwent a surgical procedure where sarcomas were found unexpectedly and were subsequently referred to our unit for treatment. We identified 95 patients (44 intra-lesional excisions, 35 fracture fixations, 16 joint replacements) with mean age of 48 years (11 to 83); 60% were males (n = 57). Local recurrence arose in 40% who underwent limb salvage surgery versus 12% who had an amputation. Despite achieving local control, overall survival was worse for patients treated with amputation rather than limb salvage (54% vs 75% five-year survival). Factors that negatively influenced survival were invasive primary surgery (fracture fixation, joint replacement), a delay of greater than two months until referral to our oncology service, and high-grade tumours. Survival in these circumstances depends mostly on factors that are determined prior to definitive treatment by a tertiary orthopaedic oncology unit. Limb salvage in this group of patients is associated with a higher rate of inadequate marginal surgery and, consequently, higher local recurrence rates than amputation, but should still be attempted whenever possible, as local control is not the primary determinant of survival. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:665–72.
Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur
Authors: Han I. , Choi E. S. , Kim H-S. 
Published: May 2014

Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur has a variable clinical course, despite its reported limited tendency to progress. We investigated the natural history and predisposing factors for progression of dysplasia in a group of 76 patients with a mean follow-up of 8.5 years (2.0 to 15.2). Of these, 31 (41%) presented with an asymptomatic incidental lesion while 45 (59%) presented with pain or a pathological fracture. A group of 23 patients (30%) underwent early operative treatment for pain (19: 25%) or pathological fracture (4: 5%). Of the 53 patients who were initially treated non-operatively, 45 (85%) remained asymptomatic but eight (15%) needed surgery because of pain or fracture. The progression-free survival of the observation group was 81% (sd 6.4%) at five-years follow-up. An initial presentation of pain (p < 0.001), a limp (p < 0.001), radiological evidence of microfracture (p = 0.001) and younger age (< 17 years) (p = 0.016) were significant predisposing factors for disease progression. The risk of experiencing pain or pathological fracture is considerable in monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur. Patients presenting with pain, a limp or radiological evidence of microfracture have a high chance of needing surgical treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:673–6.
Wars of Choice or Crime? The National Interest, State Crime and Official Overseas British Military Interventions Since 1945
Authors: Doig Alan 
Published: May 2014

Since 1945 British governments, as a matter of official policy, have undertaken a number of military interventions against another sovereign state. Some interventions were justified on the grounds that they delivered United Nations Security Council Resolutions (UNSCR) whether through another international organization such as the North atlantic Treaty Organisation (NaTO) or as a joint state activity. Others have been justified on humanitarian grounds or in terms of a regional or global responsibility to maintain peace and security. International law and international standards provide a framework for the legitimacy or otherwise of any intervention by one sovereign state in the affairs of another sovereign state; to act in breach of them would be a state crime. as a liberal democratic country the United Kingdom (UK) would not be expected so to act.On the other hand, successive UK governments have emphasized the role of the national interest as a major official criterion for intervention, in part where authorization has been, or claimed to have been, provided by a UNSCR or, increasingly, where the UK intervenes without such an authorization.This article asks if the formal reasons for any of the interventions give grounds for questioning their legality under international law and why a liberal democratic state may pursue an approach amounting to state crime. It concludes by suggesting that a liberal democratic state such as the UK has both the capacity and motivation for state crime at international level and, while the opportunities for so acting may be limited, the pursuit of the national interest is an ever-present potential for initiating or engaging in interventions whose justification under international law or other international standards may be tenuous at best or illegal at worst.
Ranking Regimes and the Production of Knowledge in Academia: (Re)shaping Faculty Work?
Authors: Gonzales Leslie D , Núñez Anne-Marie 
Published: May 2014

In this integrated review of literature, we address a powerful movement among interrelated organizations that we call the “ranking regime.” We argue that the ostensive purpose of this regime is to identify “world class” universities, and thus to organize post-secondary education into a competitive transnational market. Although extant research has addressed how rankings are reshaping the field of higher education, there is little work that addresses the influence of rankings on the evaluation of faculty work and the production of knowledge. Thus, we review existing studies that have focused on the intersection of this ranking regime, faculty work, and faculty evaluation in order to assess the implications of the ranking regime for the production of knowledge within academia and for faculty evaluation. We argue that the ranking regime affects the production and evaluation of knowledge by promoting individualism, standardization, commodification, and homogenization. We offer policy and practice implications as well as directions for future research.
Multi response Characteristics of Process Parameters during End Milling of GFRP using Grey-Based Taguchi Method
Authors: Sreenivasulu Reddy 
Published: May 2014

This paper deals with optimization of surface roughness and delamination damage on GFRP material during end milling using grey - based taguchi method. Three parameters namely spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut were identified and ranges of the parameters for the present investigation were determined from preliminary experiments. Taguchi method based on L9 orthogonal array was selected and experiments were conducted as per experimental layout plan. The experiments were carried out on a CNC vertical machining center to perform 10mm slots on GFRP work piece of 300mmX50mmX25mm size by K10 carbide, four flute end milling cutter. Surface roughness and delamination damage were measured on each slot with the aid of form Talysurf 50 and tool maker’s micro scope. An optimal combination of process parameters were obtained via grey based taguchi method. From the results of ANOVA, it is concluded that cutting speed and depth of cut are the most significant factors affecting the surface roughness and delamination damage factor and their contribution in an order of 26.84% and 40.44% respectively. A confirmatory experiment shows that 5.052µm for surface roughness and 1.682 delamination damage factor to validate the used approach after conducting with optimal setting of process parameters.
Improving the Power of GWAS and Avoiding Confounding from Population Stratification with PC-Select
Authors: Tucker George , Price Alkes L , Berger Bonnie 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Using a reduced subset of SNPs in a linear mixed model can improve power for genome-wide association studies, yet this can result in insufficient correction for population stratification. We propose a hybrid approach using principal components that does not inflate statistics in the presence of population stratification and improves power over standard linear mixed models.
Demographic Factors Associated With Bronchiolitis Readmission
Authors: Riese Jeffrey , McCulloh Russell J. , Koehn Kristin L. , Alverson Brian K. 
Published: May 2014

Objectives:
The goal of this study was to evaluate patient characteristics and medical management and their association with readmission in children with bronchiolitis.

Methods:
This retrospective chart review included children admitted with bronchiolitis to 2 children’s hospitals. Reviewers selected charts based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnosis and collected information on demographic characteristics, treatment, diagnostic testing, length of stay, and adverse outcomes. Univariate analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with any-cause readmission in 4 weeks.

Results:
A total of 1229 patients met inclusion criteria. Younger children were more likely to be readmitted within 4 weeks of discharge compared with older children (mean age: 4.5 vs 5.7 months; P = .005). Readmissions did not differ based on length of stay, and no medical intervention was associated with risk for readmission. Of patients readmitted from the large service area hospital, 57% lived ≤20 miles away, compared with 26.9% of those who were not readmitted (P = .03). Patients from the lowest income zip codes within the catchment area of the small service area hospital were more likely to be readmitted compared with patients from the highest income zip codes (7.8% vs 0%; P = .025).

Conclusions:
Overall, 6.4% of hospitalized patients with bronchiolitis were readmitted. Our data did not identify any inpatient medical management or modifiable risk factor associated with readmission.
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Disseminated Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Neonates
Authors: Kotzbauer David , Frank Gary , Dong Wei , Shore Steve 
Published: May 2014

Background And Objectives:
Disseminated herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is the most fulminant type of neonatal HSV infection and has the highest mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for patient survival. We describe the clinical presentation, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of neonates with disseminated HSV infection at our institution.

Methods:
A retrospective review of electronic medical records from 2006 to 2013 was performed. Only neonates with disseminated HSV infection, confirmed by using polymerase chain reaction or viral culture results, were included.

Results:
Twenty-two cases were identified; the age range was 1 to 14 days. The majority of patients did not have a maternal history of HSV or a history of maternal fever at delivery. Eleven of the patients were delivered by cesarean delivery, and 3 of these patients did not have prolonged rupture of membranes. Neonatal fever, the most common historical characteristic, was present in only one-half of the patients. Pneumonia and respiratory distress were present in one-half of the patients. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were elevated in most, but not all, patients. The blood HSV polymerase chain reaction was positive in all patients tested. Of the 22 study patients, 16 survived and 6 died. The majority of the patients who died had respiratory disease and a delay in the initiation of acyclovir therapy.

Conclusions:
Disseminated HSV infection in neonates can be challenging to diagnose and is associated with high mortality. Clinicians must strongly consider this diagnosis, test the blood for HSV polymerase chain reaction, and initiate early treatment in the appropriate clinical scenarios.