bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrelationships among selected essential elements in medicinal plant raw materials and their water-extractable forms
Authors: Konieczyński Paweł , Wesołowski Marek 
Published: April 2014

Summary
In the study, the relationships were investigated among N, P, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu, in medicinal plant raw materials (herbal bags) and their water-soluble chemical forms in infuses. 42 independent samples of plant materials were chosen, represented by different morphological plant parts as herbs, leaves, flowers and fruits. The elements were determined by UV/Vis spectrometry (non-metals), and FAAS (metallic elements) after previous mineralization of plant samples (total concentrations), and directly in herbal teas (water-extractable forms). Most frequently the correlations between non-metals and Zn and Mn occurred, both between their total contents the water-extractable forms. Statistically significant correlations were also found in pairs: Zn-Mn, Fe-Zn, Mn-Fe, and Cu-Zn. Application of multivariate analysis revealed that cluster analysis grouped the studied samples into clusters with similar levels of the analyzed elements, and principal component analysis allowed the identification of water-extractable Zn, P-PO4 and water-extractable Cu as the most crucial factors determining the differentiation of the studied plant samples.
Effect of plant growth regulators and explant types on induction and growth of callus of Primula veris L.
Authors: Morozowska Maria , Wesołowska Maria , Głowicka-Wołoszyn Romana , Kosińska Anna 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Primula veris L. (Primulaceae) is a well-known medicinal herb. The callus induction response of three explant types: roots, cotyledons, and hypocotyls of four-week-old cowslip seedlings were evaluated. The highest statistically different callus induction rate was 93.6% and was obtained from root explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l BA and 5.0 mg/l PIC. Calli also appeared on 83.3% of cotyledon explants on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and 3.5 mg/l 2,4-D and on 81.0% of root explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l KIN and 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D. These values were not statistically different. The average time required for callus initiation was 4 to 6 weeks, however, it depended on the explants type. The most suitable condition for callus proliferation and growth was MS medium with 0.5 mg/l TDZ and 0.1 mg/l NAA, and with 1.0 mg/l BA and 2.0 mg/l or 3.5 mg/l 2,4-D. No light conditions proved to be more favourable for cowslip calli induction and growth
Estimation of total phenolics and flavonoidal contents as well as in vitro antioxidant potential of Apium leptophyllum Pers.
Authors: Himanshu Bhusan Sahoo , Bhattamisra Subrat Kumar , Biswas Uttam Kumar , Sagar Rakesh 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
At present, major causes of diseases is oxidative stress affecting both metabolic and physiological functions of the body. That is why there is a great need for investigation of nutritious food supplements for counteracting these oxidative stresses. Therefore, the aim of study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Apium leptophyllum Pers. fruits by estimating total phenolic as well as flavonoidal contents and antioxidant values. The collected fruits were extracted separately using different solvents like methanol, ethanol and water. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured from the respective extracts and correlated with their antioxidant values. The antioxidant properties of various fruit extracts (12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 150 μg/ml) were evaluated by DPPH, hydroxyl, nitric oxide and superoxide scavenging assay and compared with ascorbic acid as a standard. All the extracts of A. leptophyllum were found to be dose dependent inhibition against these free radicals. Among all these extracts, the methanolic one was found better in the scavenging activity and followed dose-dependent manner against DPPH, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, superoxide anions with minimum IC50 values of 97.9, 89.02, 135.37, 127.73 μg/ml, respectively, and also observed more significant (p<0.01) as compared with standard Furthermore, total phenolic and flavonoidal contents were found highest in methanolic extract. The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that the methanolic extract of A. leptophyllum may be used as a new potential source of natural nutritional supplement in food or pharmaceutical industries due to rich source of phenolic, flavonoidal contents as well as antioxidant property
Assessing the inter-coder reliability of the Body Type Dictionary (BTD)
Authors: Cariola Laura A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Computer-assisted content analysis has many advantages compared to a manual scoring system, provided that computerised dictionaries represent valid and reliable measures. This study aimed to assess the inter-coder reliability, alternate- form reliability and scoring consistency of the Body Type Dictionary (BTD) (Wilson 2006) based on Fisher and Cleveland’s (1956, 1958) manual body boundary scoring scheme. The results indicated an acceptable inter-coder agreement with barrier and penetration imagery in the sub-sample (N = 53) of manually coded Rorschach responses. Additionally manually coded scores showed an acceptable correlation with the computerised frequency counts, and thus indicating an alternate-form reliability. In the full data set (N = 526), barrier imagery in the Rorschach responses only correlated with the picture response test, showing low scoring consistency, which might disconfirm the notion of body boundary awareness representing a stable personality trait but instead it might be dependent on the level of cognitive dedifferentiation.
The tourist gaze in English, Italian and German travel articles about Puglia: A corpus-based study
Authors: D’Egidio Angela 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This paper shows how online travel articles may provide important insights into how a tourist destination is perceived and to what extent what is known as the ‘tourist gaze’ may be used to recontextualise tourist material in order to produce more effective tourist texts, which meet receivers’ expectations. For this purpose, three comparable corpora of online travel articles in English, Italian and German language were assembled and analysed in order to understand the way ordinary travellers perceive and experience a tourist destination in Italy (Puglia) by taking language as a point of reference. The first fifteen words of the frequency lists in the three corpora highlighted what landmarks and elements of attraction English, Italian and German travel writers gaze at while on holiday in Puglia. The analysis demonstrated that the Italian tourist gaze is different from the English and German tourist gazes, since not all of them focus on the same landscapes, and even when they gaze at the same sights, their perception and representation are often different. The similarities and differences between the ways the tourists behave suggest a distinction between a model of ‘global gaze’ embodied by English and German travellers, seen as ‘outsiders’, and a model of ‘local gaze’ embodied by Italian tourists, seen as ‘insiders'
Linking learner corpus and experimental data in studying second language learners’ knowledge of verb-argument constructions
Authors: Römer Ute , Roberson Audrey , O’Donnell Matthew B. , Ellis Nick C. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This paper combines data from learner corpora and psycholinguistic experiments in an attempt to find out what advanced learners of English (first language backgrounds German and Spanish) know about a range of common verbargument constructions (VACs), such as the ‘V about n’ construction (e.g. she thinks about chocolate a lot). Learners’ dominant verb-VAC associations are examined based on evidence retrieved from the German and Spanish subcomponents of ICLE and LINDSEI and collected in lexical production tasks in which participants complete VAC frames (e.g. ‘he ___ about the...’) with verbs that may fill the blank (e.g. talked, thought, wondered). The paper compares findings from the different data sets and highlights the value of linking corpus and experimental evidence in studying linguistic phenomena
Microinvasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma in Slovenia during the period 2001-2007
Authors: Gutnik Helena , Matisic Jasenka P. , Zakelj Maja Primic , Flezar Margareta Strojan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background. Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma (MISCC) comprises a significant portion of all cervical cancers in Slovenia. Criteria of carcinomatous invasion are well described in the literature, however histopathological assessment of MISCC is difficult, because morphological characteristics can overlap with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3) and other pathological changes. The aim of our study was to evaluate the reliability of the histopathological diagnosis of MISCC in Slovenia during the period from 2001 to 2007.
Materials and methods. Data on patients with a histopathological diagnosis of cervical MISCC (FIGO stage IA) in the period of 2001 to 2007 were obtained from the Cancer Registry of Slovenia. Histological slides were obtained from the majority of pathology laboratories in Slovenia. We received 250 cases (69% of all MISCC) for the review; 30 control cases with CIN 3 and invasive squamous cell carcinoma FIGO stage IB were intermixed. The slides were coded and reviewed.
Results. Among 250 cases originally diagnosed as MISCC, there was an agreement with MISCC diagnosis in 184 (73.6%) cases (of these 179/184 (97.3%) cases were FIGO stage IA1 and 5/184 (2.7%) cases were FIGO stage IA2). Among 179 FIGO stage IA1 cases 117 (65.4%) showed only early stromal invasion. Conclusions. The retrospective review of cases diagnosed as MISCC during the period 2001- 2007 in Slovenia showed a considerable number of overdiagnosed cases. Amongst cases with MISCC confirmed on review, there was a significant proportion with early stromal invasion (depth of invasion less than 1 mm).
Consensus on a Multidisciplinary Treatment Guideline for de Quervain Disease: Results From the European HANDGUIDE Study
Authors: Huisstede Bionka M.A. , Coert J. Henk , Fridén Jan , Hoogvliet Peter ,   for the European HANDGUIDE Group
Published: April 2014

Background
De Quervain disease is a common pathology resulting in pain caused by resisted gliding of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons in the fibro-osseous canal. In a situation of wavering assumptions and expanding medical knowledge, a treatment guideline is useful because it can aid in implementation of best practices, the education of health care professionals, and the identification of gaps in existing knowledge.

Objective
The aim of this study was to achieve consensus on a multidisciplinary treatment guideline for de Quervain disease.

Design
A Delphi consensus strategy was used.

Methods
A European Delphi consensus strategy was initiated. A systematic review reporting on the effectiveness of surgical and nonsurgical interventions was conducted and published and was used as an evidence-based starting point for this study. In total, 35 experts (hand therapists and hand surgeons selected by the national member associations of their European federations and physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians) participated in the Delphi consensus strategy. Each Delphi round consisted of a questionnaire, an analysis, and a feedback report.

Results
Consensus was achieved on the description, symptoms, and diagnosis of de Quervain disease. The experts agreed that patients with this disorder should always receive instructions and that these instructions should be combined with another form of treatment and should not be used as a sole treatment. Instructions combined with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), splinting, NSAIDs plus splinting, corticosteroid injection, corticosteroid injections plus splinting, or surgery were considered suitable treatment options. Details on the use of instructions, NSAIDs, splinting, corticosteroid injections, and surgery were described. Main factors for selecting one of these treatment options (ie, severity and duration of the disorder, previous treatments given) were identified. A relationship between the severity and duration of the disorder and the choice of therapy was indicated by the experts and reported in the guideline.

Limitations
One of the limitations of a Delphi method is its inability to forecast future developments. It investigated current opinions of the treatment of people with de Quervain disease.

Conclusions
This multidisciplinary treatment guideline may help in the treatment of and research on de Quervain disease.
Linguistic Profile Test (LPT) in Nepali Language
Authors: Karna Sureshwar Lal , Karantha Pratibha , Khanal Kabiraj 
Published: April 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njenthns.v3i2.10153 Nepalese Journal of Head and Neck Surgery Vol.3(2) 2012: 8-9 = 5 <=5> 1 =5 *" 057.7 "( # . !# ## /& # H)&&2)&&+ G J "( # 7$ ## .F0 !$ )B?%&)A2&&#)BBAB7$*B) 9 0 ! =5 #
Transorbital endoscopic amygdalohippocampectomy: a feasibility investigation
Authors: Chen H. Isaac , Bohman Leif-Erik , Loevner Laurie A. , Lucas Timothy H. 
Published: April 2014

Object
Resection of the hippocampus is the standard of care for medically intractable epilepsy in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis. Although temporal craniotomy in this setting is highly successful, the procedure carries certain immutable risks and may be associated with cognitive deficits related to cortical and white matter disruption. Alternative surgical approaches may reduce some of these risks by preserving the lateral temporal lobe. This study examined the feasibility of transorbital endoscopic amygdalohippocampectomy (TEA) as an alternative to open craniotomy in cadaveric specimens.

Methods
TEA dissections were performed in 4 hemispheres from 2 injected cadaveric specimens fixed in alcohol. Quantitative predictions of the limits of exposure based on predissection imaging were compared with intradissection measurements. The extent of resection and angles of exposure during the dissection and on postdissection imaging were recorded. These measurements were validated with MRI studies from 10 epilepsy patients undergoing standard surgical evaluations.

Results
The transorbital approach permitted direct access to the mesial temporal structures through the lateral orbital wall. Up to 97% of the hippocampal formation was resected with no brain retraction and minimal (mean 6.0 ± 1.4 mm) globe displacement. Lateral temporal lobe white matter tracts were preserved.

Conclusions
TEA permits hippocampectomy comparable to standard surgical approaches without disrupting the lateral temporal cortex or white matter. This novel approach is feasible in cadaveric specimens and warrants clinical investigation in carefully selected cases.
Deep brain stimulation for Huntington's disease: long-term results of a prospective open-label study
Authors: Gonzalez Victoria , Cif Laura , Biolsi Brigitte , Garcia-Ptacek Sara , Seychelles Anne , Sanrey Emily , Descours Irene , Coubes Christine , de Moura Ana-Maria Ribeiro , Corlobe Astrid , James Syril , Roujeau Thomas , Coubes Philippe 
Published: April 2014

Object
To date, experience of globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of Huntington's disease (HD) has been limited to a small number of case reports. The aim of this study was to analyze long-term motor outcome of a cohort of HD patients treated with GPi DBS.

Methods
Seven patients with pharmacologically resistant chorea and functional impairment were included in a prospective open-label study from 2008 to 2011. The main outcome measure was the motor section of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale. The primary end point was reduction of chorea.

Results
Patients underwent MRI-guided bilateral GPi implantation. The median duration of follow-up was 3 years. A significant reduction of chorea was observed in all patients, with sustained therapeutic effect; the mean improvement on the chorea subscore was 58.34% at the 12-month follow-up visit (p = 0.018) and 59.8% at the 3-year visit (p = 0.040). Bradykinesia and dystonia showed a nonsignificant trend toward progressive worsening related to disease evolution and partly to DBS. The frequency of stimulation was 130 Hz for all patients. DBS-induced bradykinesia was managed by pulse-width reduction or bipolar settings. Levodopa mildly improved bradykinesia in 4 patients. Regular off-stimulation tests confirmed a persistent therapeutic effect of DBS on chorea.

Conclusions
GPi DBS may provide sustained chorea improvement in selected HD patients with pharmacologically resistant chorea, with transient benefit in physical aspects of quality of life before progression of behavioral and cognitive disorders. DBS therapy did not improve dystonia or bradykinesia. Further studies including quality of life measures are needed to evaluate the impact of DBS in the long-term outcome of HD.
Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin pretreatment in a rodent model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Ratilal Bernardo Oliveira , Arroja Mariana Moreira Coutinho , Rocha Joao Pedro Fidalgo , Fernandes Adelaide Maria Afonso , Barateiro Andreia Pereira , Brites Dora Maria Tuna Oliveira , Pinto Rui Manuel Amaro , Sepodes Bruno Miguel Nogueira , Mota-Filipe Helder Dias 
Published: April 2014

Object
There is an unmet clinical need to develop neuroprotective agents for neurosurgical and endovascular procedures that require transient cerebral artery occlusion. The aim in this study was to explore the effects of a single dose of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) before middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in a focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model.

Methods
Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were subjected to right MCA occlusion via the intraluminal thread technique for 60 minutes under continuous cortical perfusion monitoring by laser Doppler flowmetry. Rats were divided into 2 groups: control and treatment. In the treated group, rhEPO (1000 IU/kg intravenously) was administered 10 minutes before the onset of the MCA ischemia. At 24-hour reperfusion, animals were examined for neurological deficits, blood samples were collected, and animals were killed. The following parameters were evaluated: brain infarct volume, ipsilateral hemispheric edema, neuron-specific enolase plasma levels, parenchyma histological features (H & E staining), Fluoro-Jade–positive neurons, p-Akt and total Akt expression by Western blot analysis, and p-Akt–positive nuclei by immunohistochemical investigation.

Results
Infarct volume and Fluoro-Jade staining of degenerating neurons in the infarct area did not vary between groups. The severity of neurological deficit (p < 0.001), amount of brain edema (78% reduction in treatment group, p < 0.001), and neuron-specific enolase plasma levels (p < 0.001) were reduced in the treatment group. Perivascular edema was histologically less marked in the treatment group. No variations in the expression or localization of p-Akt were seen.

Conclusions
Administration of rhEPO before the onset of 60-minute transient MCA ischemia protected the brain from this insult. It is unlikely that rhEPO pretreatment leads to direct neuronal antiapoptotic effects, as supported by the lack of Akt activation, and its benefits are most probably related to an indirect effect on brain edema as a consequence of blood-brain barrier preservation. Although research on EPO derivatives is increasing, rhEPO acts through distinct neuroprotective pathways and its clinical safety profile is well known. Clinically available rhEPO is a potential therapy for prevention of neuronal injury induced by transitory artery occlusion during neurovascular procedures.
Mesenchymal progenitor cells combined with pentosan polysulfate mediating disc regeneration at the time of microdiscectomy: a preliminary study in an ovine model
Authors: Oehme David , Ghosh Peter , Shimmon Susan , Wu Jiehua , McDonald Courtney , Troupis John M. , Goldschlager Tony , Rosenfeld Jeffrey V. , Jenkin Graham 
Published: April 2014

Object
Following microdiscectomy, discs generally fail to undergo spontaneous regeneration and patients may experience chronic low-back pain and recurrent disc prolapse. In published studies, formulations of mesenchymal progenitor cells combined with pentosan polysulfate (MPCs+PPS) have been shown to regenerate disc tissue in animal models, suggesting that this approach may provide a useful adjunct to microdiscectomy. The goal of this preclinical laboratory study was to determine if the transplantation of MPCs+PPS, embedded in a gelatin/fibrin scaffold (SCAF), and transplanted into a defect created by microdiscectomy, could promote disc regeneration.

Methods
A standardized microdiscectomy procedure was performed in 18 ovine lumbar discs. The subsequent disc defects were randomized to receive either no treatment (NIL), SCAF only, or the MPC+PPS formulation added to SCAF (MPCs+PPS+SCAF). Necropsies were undertaken 6 months postoperatively and the spines analyzed radiologically (radiography and MRI), biochemically, and histologically.

Results
No adverse events occurred throughout the duration of the study. The MPC+PPS+SCAF group had significantly less reduction in disc height compared with SCAF-only and NIL groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Magnetic resonance imaging Pfirrmann scores in the MPC+PPS+SCAF group were significantly lower than those in the SCAF group (p = 0.0213). The chaotropic solvent extractability of proteoglycans from the nucleus pulposus of MPC+PPS+SCAF-treated discs was significantly higher than that from the SCAF-only discs (p = 0.0312), and using gel exclusion chromatography, extracts from MPC+PPS+SCAF-treated discs also contained a higher percentage of proteoglycan aggregates than the extracts from both other groups. Analysis of the histological sections showed that 66% (p > 0.05) of the MPC+PPS+SCAF-treated discs exhibited less degeneration than the NIL or SCAF discs.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate the capacity of MPCs in combination with PPS, when embedded in a gelatin sponge and sealed with fibrin glue in a microdiscectomy defect, to restore disc height, disc morphology, and nucleus pulposus proteoglycan content.