bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Phases Transformation of Copper and Nickel Catalysts during Partial Oxidation and Steam Reforming of Methane
Authors: Shtyka Oleksandr , Kaporov Artem , Maniukiewicz Waldemar , Ciesielski Radoslaw , Kedziora Adam , Kierzkowska‐Pawlak Hanna , Tyczkowski Jacek , Balcerzak Jacek , Sieranski Tomasz , Maniecki Tomasz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe paper shows the structural changes of copper and nickel catalysts in the presence of strong (O2) and weak (H2O) oxidizing agents and their influence on the course of methane conversion. The changes in oxidation states of investigated catalysts were studied during partial oxidation and steam reforming of methane using an X‐ray reactor chamber (XRD) coupled with an online mass spectrometer. Also, the susceptibility of these catalysts to oxidation and reduction by individual reaction components was investigated using TPR, TPO, and in situ XPS techniques. The obtained results indicated the distinct catalytic behavior of copper and nickel catalysts depending on their oxidation state and the importance of coke formation in the activation of the partial oxidation process. The mechanism of re‐reduction of catalysts under reaction conditions and a method to increase the activity of nickel catalysts are proposed.
Enhancement of TiO2‐Based Composite With Low Carbon‐Based Component Ratio for Improved Hydrogen Generation via Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Perović Klara , Kovačić Marin , Kraljić Roković Marijana , Kušić Hrvoje , Genorio Boštjan , Štangar Urška Lavrenčić , Novak Tušar Nataša , Božić Ana Lončarić 
Published: July 2024

AbstractComposite between titanium dioxide (TiO2) and (reduced) graphene oxide (R(GO)) was prepared using a two‐stage solvothermal synthesis with variable R(GO) mass ratios (0.01–5 wt.%). Partial reduction of the precursor solution of GO to RGO took place during the solvothermal synthesis at the elevated pressure and temperature conditions. The structural, morphological, and semiconducting characteristics of the obtained binary composites were determined and their capacity of hydrogen production via photocatalytic water splitting in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA) as sacrificial agent under the simulated solar light irradiation was tested. Photocatalytic experiments have showed that even low mass ratios of R(GO) component (below 1 wt.%) can have a great influence on the photocatalytic activity and properties of the obtained material. The results showed that even a partial reduction of GO to RGO had a positive impact on the photocatalytic properties of the as‐prepared materials. The composite with 0.05 R(GO) wt.% achieved the highest H2 generation rate of 139 μmol/h/g and maintained high photostability. The incorporation of R(GO) into the TiO2 matrix enhanced efficient charge separation, reduced the energy bandgap (Eg), and thus increased the visible light response (ΔE), leading to more effective hydrogen production.
Rapid generation of single‐insertion transgenics by Tol2 transposition in zebrafish
Authors: Kalvaitytė Miglė , Gabrilavičiūtė Sofija , Balciunas Darius 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Tol2 transposable element is the most widely used transgenesis tool in zebrafish. However, its high activity almost always leads to multiple unlinked integrations of the transgenic cassette in F1 fish. Each of these transgenes is susceptible to positional effects from the surrounding regulatory landscape, which can lead to altered expression and, consequently, activity. Scientists therefore must strike a balance between the need to maximize reproducibility by establishing single‐insertion transgenic lines and the need to complete experiments within a reasonable timeframe.ResultsIn this article, we introduce a simple competitive dilution strategy for rapid generation of single‐insertion transgenics. By using cry:BFP reporter plasmid as a competitor, we achieved a nearly fourfold reduction in the number of the transgene of interest integrations while simultaneously increasing the proportion of single‐insertion F1 generation transgenics to over 50%. We also observed variations in transgene of interest expression among independent single‐insertion transgenics, highlighting that the commonly used ubiquitous ubb promoter is susceptible to position effects.ConclusionsWide application of our competitive dilution strategy will save time, reduce animal usage, and improve reproducibility of zebrafish research.
Reservoir‐excess pressure parameters are independently associated with NT‐proBNP in older adults
Authors: Aizawa Kunihiko , Hughes Alun D. , Casanova Francesco , Gooding Kim M. , Gates Phillip E. , Mawson David M. , Williams Jennifer , Goncalves Isabel , Nilsson Jan , Khan Faisel , Colhoun Helen M. , Palombo Carlo , Parker Kim H. , Shore Angela C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsParameters derived from reservoir‐excess pressure analysis have been demonstrated to predict cardiovascular events. Thus, altered reservoir‐excess pressure parameters could have a detrimental effect on highly‐perfused organs like the heart. We aimed to cross‐sectionally determine whether reservoir‐excess pressure parameters were associated with N‐terminal pro‐brain‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in older adults.MethodsWe studied 868 older adults with diverse cardiovascular risk. Reservoir‐excess pressure parameters were obtained through radial artery tonometry including reservoir pressure integral, peak reservoir pressure, excess pressure integral (INTXSP), systolic rate constant (SRC) and diastolic rate constant (DRC). Plasma levels of NT‐proBNP, as a biomarker of cardiac overload, were analysed by the Proximity Extension Assay technology.ResultsMultivariable linear regression analyses revealed that all reservoir‐excess pressure parameters studied were associated with NT‐proBNP after adjusting for age and sex. After further adjustments for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, INTXSP [β = 0.191 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.099, 0.283), P < 0.001], SRC [β = −0.080 (95% CI: −0.141, −0.019), P = 0.010] and DRC [β = 0.138 (95% CI: 0.073, 0.202), P < 0.001] remained associated with NT‐proBNP. Sensitivity analysis found that there were occasions where the association between SRC and NT‐proBNP was attenuated, but both INTXSP and DRC remained consistently associated with NT‐proBNP.ConclusionsThe observed associations between reservoir‐excess pressure parameters and NT‐proBNP suggest that altered reservoir‐excess pressure parameters may reflect an increased load inflicted on the left ventricular cardiomyocytes and could have a potential to be utilized in the clinical setting for cardiovascular risk stratification.
Notes on morphology of fruits, seeds, and seedlings of Chromolucuma flavilatex (Sapotaceae) from central Amazonia
Authors: Vasconcelos Caroline da Cruz , Al Tareireh Yasmin Harbi Qasem Easa , Costa Daniel da Silva , Calvi Geângelo Petene , Camargo José Luís Campana , Terra‐Araujo Mário Henrique , Ferraz Isolde Dorothea Kossmann 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to describe and illustrate the fruits, seeds, and seedlings of Chromolucuma flavilatex (Chrysophylloideae, Sapotaceae) from central Amazonia and briefly discusses their taxonomic relevance. The observed characters can support our hypothesis that embryo morphology and seedling type are consistent in Chromolucuma species, as well as in other genera of Chrysophylloideae. In addition, we complement the original description of the fruits and seeds of C. flavilatex collected from the same tree of the type specimen and provide descriptions and illustrations of the early stages of seedling development of this species to facilitate its recognition.
Cholinergic and behavior‐dependent beta and gamma waves are coupled between olfactory bulb and hippocampus
Authors: Leung L. Stan , Gill Ravnoor Singh , Shen Bixia , Chu Liangwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOlfactory oscillations may enhance cognitive processing through coupling with beta (β, 15–30 Hz) and gamma (γ, 30–160 Hz) activity in the hippocampus (HPC). We hypothesize that coupling between olfactory bulb (OB) and HPC oscillations is increased by cholinergic activation in control rats and is reduced in kainic‐acid‐treated epileptic rats, a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. OB γ2 (63–100 Hz) power was higher during walking and immobility‐awake (IMM) compared to sleep, while γ1 (30–57 Hz) power was higher during grooming than other behavioral states. Muscarinic cholinergic agonist pilocarpine (25 mg/kg ip) with peripheral muscarinic blockade increased OB power and OB‐HPC coherence at β and γ1 frequency bands. A similar effect was found after physostigmine (0.5 mg/kg ip) but not scopolamine (10 mg/kg ip). Pilocarpine increased bicoherence and cross‐frequency coherence (CFC) between OB slow waves (SW, 1–5 Hz) and hippocampal β, γ1 and γ2 waves, with stronger coherence at CA1 alveus and CA3c than CA1 stratum radiatum. Bicoherence further revealed a nonlinear interaction of β waves in OB with β waves at the CA1‐alveus. Beta and γ1 waves in OB or HPC were segregated at one phase of the OB‐SW, opposite to the phase of γ2 and γ3 (100–160 Hz) waves, suggesting independent temporal processing of β/γ1 versus γ2/γ3 waves. At CA1 radiatum, kainic‐acid‐treated epileptic rats compared to control rats showed decreased theta power, theta‐β and theta‐γ2 CFC during baseline walking, decreased CFC of HPC SW with γ2 and γ3 waves during baseline IMM, and decreased coupling of OB SW with β and γ2 waves at CA1 alveus after pilocarpine. It is concluded that β and γ waves in the OB and HPC are modulated by a slow respiratory rhythm, in a cholinergic and behavior‐dependent manner, and OB‐HPC functional connectivity at β and γ frequencies may enhance cognitive functions.
Ensuring patient safety when managing concentrated insulin glargine and insulin degludec at hospital admission
Authors: Kelley Denise , Addison Janci , Janzen Kristin , Wulfe Steven 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development and use of concentrated insulins have increased in recent years. This can pose unique challenges when transitioning to a non‐concentrated insulin during an inpatient admission. There is no clear consensus on the recommended interchange of the various concentrated insulins in the inpatient setting, with suggestions ranging from implementing a 1:1 unit dose conversion, a minimum 20% dose reduction or selecting an approach based on the total daily dose of the concentrated insulin. In a retrospective cohort analysis at a single health system, a greater number of hypoglycemic events occurred when implementing a 1:1 unit conversion of insulin glargine 300 units/mL (iGlar300) to insulin detemir 100 units/mL (iDet100) compared to the same conversion from insulin glargine 100 units/mL (iGlar100) to iDet100. This prompted identification of a standardized approach that would improve patient safety while also being operationally feasible at a multi‐hospital network. The solution of implementing a minimum 20% dose reduction successfully improved hypoglycemia rates upon transitioning from iGlar300 to iDet100, though many logistical challenges were faced. Although iDet100 is being phased off the market, adhering to this minimum 20% dose reduction is the recommended approach when transitioning from iGlar300 to iGlar100, and this challenge persists as a relevant issue. Ensuring health systems are equipped to implement dose reductions when transitioning from concentrated basal insulins to non‐concentrated basal insulin counterparts is paramount for maintaining patient safety. This paper will discuss the limited evidence available supporting optimal dosing when transitioning iGlar300 and insulin degludec 200 units/mL (iDeg200) to non‐concentrated basal insulins and serve as a “how to” implementation guide for other health systems, based on one health system's approach in navigating this emerging patient safety issue.
Pharmacist review of discharge antibiotics for urinary tract infections in the emergency department
Authors: Sofeso Sarah Temi , Plasencia Emily , Safri Ana A. , White Cedric S. , Farrell Natalija Mead , Corio Jessica L. , Lindale Danielle Kebadjian , Palmer Madeline , Gendron Bryan J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEmergency medicine (EM) pharmacists provide high‐quality patient care in a fast‐paced environment by optimizing pharmacotherapy regimens and reducing medication errors. Current literature demonstrates higher rates of medication errors with antibiotics compared with other medication classes. The aim of this quality improvement (QI) project was to reduce medication errors by 25% from baseline for antibiotic discharge prescriptions for urinary tract infections (UTIs). This QI initiative utilized the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Model for Improvement to implement a UTI stewardship intervention and prospective pharmacist review of discharge prescriptions. Patients discharged from the adult ED with an electronic prescription for UTI treatment with select antibiotics were included. The primary outcome metric was the percent of medication errors, defined as a composite of appropriate antibiotic agent, dose, frequency, and treatment duration based on our local treatment algorithm. The balancing metric was time spent per order reviewed. Data over time were assessed using statistical process control charts. A total of 534 antibiotic prescriptions were reviewed from January 9, 2022 to May 31, 2023. The most common indication was cystitis (70%), followed by pyelonephritis (17.4%) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (12.5%). Composite error rate decreased from 64.2% to 5%. Duration of therapy was the most common baseline error and was reduced from 45.3% to 11.6%. Errors in agent, dose and frequency decreased from 19.7% to 3.5%, 10.3% to 0.8% and from 5.7% to 0%, respectively. The aim of this QI initiative was achieved through a series of interventions, including prospective review of discharge antibiotics for UTIs by EM pharmacists, which reduced medication errors. This project demonstrates EM pharmacists have a positive impact in optimization of antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of UTIs.
How well do antimicrobial mouth rinses prevent dysbiosis in an in vitro periodontitis biofilm model?
Authors: Zayed Naiera , Vertommen Rik , Simoens Kenneth , Bernaerts Kristel , Boon Nico , Srivastava Mrinal Gaurav , Braem Annabel , Van Holm Wannes , Castro Ana B. , Teughels Wim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontal diseases are associated with dysbiosis in the oral microbial communities. Managing oral biofilms is therefore key for preventing these diseases. Management protocols often include over‐the‐counter antimicrobial mouth rinses, which lack data on their effects on the oral microbiome's ecology, bacterial composition, metabolic activity, and dysbiosis resilience. This study examined the efficacy of antimicrobial mouth rinses to halt dysbiosis in in vitro oral biofilms under periodontitis‐simulating conditions.MethodsMultispecies oral biofilms were grown on hydroxyapatite discs (HADs) and rinsed daily with one of six mouth rinses. Positive and negative controls were included. After three rinses, biofilms were analyzed with viability quantitative polymerase chain reaction and visualized using scanning electron microscopy. Supernatants of rinsed biofilms were used for metabolic activity analysis. In addition, human oral keratinocytes were exposed to rinsed biofilms to assess their inflammatory response. All outputs were analyzed for correlation using Spearman coefficient.ResultsProduct‐related changes were observed in the rinsed biofilms. Three of the six tested mouth rinses could significantly prevent dysbiosis with ≥30% reduction in pathobiont abundance relative to the control. These biofilms had lower metabolic activity, and the exposed human oral keratinocyte produced less interleukin‐8. Interleukin‐8 production correlated to both pathobiont quantity and the metabolic activity of the biofilms.ConclusionSome mouth rinses could support biofilm resilience and stop dysbiosis evolution in the biofilm model, with a clear product‐related effect. Such mouth rinses can be considered for patients under maintenance/supportive periodontal therapy to prevent/delay disease recurrence. Others are more useful for different periodontal therapy stages.
Liver enzyme profiles after initiating biological treatment in children with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Räisänen Laura , Nikkonen Anne , Kolho Kaija‐Leena 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesBiological treatments (BTs) are essential in managing pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (PIBDs). Elevated liver enzymes sometimes succeed BT, yet elucidating studies are scarce. We addressed liver biochemistry after introducing BT and searched for their determinants.MethodsWe identified PIBD patients receiving infliximab, adalimumab, vedolizumab, or ustekinumab at the Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland, in 2000–2023, and followed their alanine transaminase (ALT) and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GT) levels for 24 months. ALT was categorized based on the age‐ and sex‐specific upper limit of normal. We disregarded 46 patients with underlying primary sclerosing cholangitis with/without autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), pretreatment AIH diagnosis, and elevated liver enzymes at the beginning of BT from the analyses.ResultsOf 618 BT episodes in 403 patients, 22.2% exhibited increased ALT or GT (ALT in 117, GT in 4, and both ALT/GT in 16 episodes). Of all ALT elevations (n = 133), 41.4% occurred within the first 3 months. ALT elevation was more common after infliximab (representing 59.5% of BTs) than other BTs (25.9% vs. 14.2%, adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–4.72). AIH followed 1.5% (n = 9) of BT episodes. Ninety‐five percent of ALT elevations resolved within 6 months. Antibiotic exposure (particularly to metronidazole) was associated with ALT elevation in general (adjusted OR: 5.76, 95% CI: 2.40–13.9) and short disease duration before starting BT with notable ALT elevation (adjusted OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.22).ConclusionsBenign ALT elevation is common within 3 months after starting BT (especially infliximab) and scarcely led to cessation of the treatment. AIH is a rare finding during the first year of BT.
Extraocular muscle volume on time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Chen Pei , Zhou Qin , Zhao Xiaoxiao , Chen Yingqian , Lin Zhongqiang , Wang Mengzhu , Yang Zhiyun , Liu Weibin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsDespite being a prominent feature of myasthenia gravis (MG), extraocular muscle (EOM) has received little attention in clinical research. The aim of this study was to examine EOM volume in patients with MG and controls using time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF‐MRA).MethodsEOM volumes (overall and individual rectus muscles) were calculated using TOF‐MRA images and compared between MG patients (including subgroups) and controls. The correlation between EOM volume and disease duration was examined. Predictive equations for the selected parameters were developed using multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsEOM volume was lower in MG patients than controls, especially in MG patients with ophthalmoparesis (MG‐O). MG‐O exhibited a moderate negative correlation between EOM volume and disease duration. Multiple linear regression showed that disease duration and EOM status (ophthalmoparesis or not) account for 48.4% of EOM volume.DiscussionPatients with MG show atrophy of the EOMs, especially those with ophthalmoparesis and long disease duration.
Regional fat distribution and hepatic fibrosis and steatosis severity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mansour Asieh , Pourhassan Saeed , Gerami Hadis , Mohajeri‐Tehrani Mohammad Reza , Salahshour Marziye , Abbasi Ali , Madreseh Elham , Sajjadi‐Jazi Sayed Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiologic findings suggest that measures of body fat distribution predict health outcomes independent of the overall body fat assessed by body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to evaluate the associations of overall and regional body fat with the severity of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in type 2 diabetic patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.MethodsBioelectric impedance analysis and two newly developed anthropometric indices, namely, A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI), were used to estimate the body fat. Based on fibroscan parameters, significant hepatic fibrosis and severe steatosis were defined as ≥F2 and >66%, respectively.ResultsHigher total body fat (odds ratio [OR] 1.107, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.038–1.182, p = 0.002), trunk fat (OR 1.136, 95% CI 1.034–1.248, p = 0.008) and leg fat (OR 1.381, 95% CI 1.139–1.674, p = 0.001) were associated with liver fibrosis. However, in contrast to the total body fat (OR 1.088, 95% CI 1.017–1.164, p = 0.014) and leg fat (OR 1.317, 95% CI 1.066–1.628, p = 0.011), the trunk fat was not associated with severe hepatic steatosis. BRI performed better than trunk, leg and total body fat in predicting hepatic steatosis (OR 2.186, 95% CI 1.370–3.487, p = 0.001) and fibrosis (OR 2.132, 95% CI 1.419–3.204, p < 0.001). Moreover, the trunk to leg fat ratio and ABSI were not independent predictors of either steatosis or fibrosis (p > 0.05).ConclusionBRI revealed a superior predictive ability for identifying the degree of hepatic steatosis and stiffness than other obesity indices. Additionally, higher levels of adiposity in the trunk, legs, and overall body were linked to an increased risk of developing liver fibrosis. Although trunk fat did not show an association with severe hepatic steatosis, an increase in leg and total fat was related to liver steatosis.
A simulation‐assisted point cloud segmentation neural network for human–robot interaction applications
Authors: Lin Jingxin , Zhong Kaifan , Gong Tao , Zhang Xianmin , Wang Nianfeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the advancement of industrial automation, the frequency of human–robot interaction (HRI) has significantly increased, necessitating a paramount focus on ensuring human safety throughout this process. This paper proposes a simulation‐assisted neural network for point cloud segmentation in HRI, specifically distinguishing humans from various surrounding objects. During HRI, readily accessible prior information, such as the positions of background objects and the robot's posture, can generate a simulated point cloud and assist in point cloud segmentation. The simulation‐assisted neural network utilizes simulated and actual point clouds as dual inputs. A simulation‐assisted edge convolution module in the network facilitates the combination of features from the actual and simulated point clouds, updating the features of the actual point cloud to incorporate simulation information. Experiments of point cloud segmentation in industrial environments verify the efficacy of the proposed method.