bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Black white zebra orange orange”: how children with autism make use of computer‐based voice output communication aids in their language and communication at school
Authors: Checkley Rebecca , Reidy Lisa , Chantler Sue , Hodge Nick , Holmes Katie 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThis naturalistic study adapted exploratory school practice in order to support empirically‐informed decision making in the provision of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technologies for children with autism.Design/methodology/approachResearch was conducted with three boys with autism and little speech, as part of a curricular literacy lesson. A mixed method approach, involving observational coding and staff diaries, identified how the boys used computer‐based voice output communication aids (VOCAs), also called speech generating devices (SGDs) and how the technology impacted on their communication and language. The boys were observed in initial lessons (“baseline” sessions), without the VOCA present and in sessions in which the VOCA was available (“intervention” sessions).FindingsVOCAs were used for two main communicative purposes; naming and giving information, with aids being used primarily to support curricular, task‐related communication. Existing modes of communication continued to be used when access to the VOCA was available. In addition, all three boys showed an increase in Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) after the VOCA was introduced. The findings suggest that computer‐based VOCA technology can augment children's communicative participation in lesson activities. Specific patterns of change were also recorded in the boys' communication, suggesting individualised responses to this technology.Originality/valueThis paper extends the empirical base for clinical decision making by reporting the use of high tech VOCAs by school age children with autism for additional forms of communication, beyond those described elsewhere. It adds to the evidence that interventions which include access to a computer VOCA can have a positive impact on the language complexity of children with autism. It describes the potential of VOCAs to provide an enabling and inclusive technology in a classroom setting.
Attachment theory‐based approaches to treatment and problem behaviour in a medium secure hospital: effects of staff gender on ratings
Authors: Bagshaw Ruth , Lewis Rhiannon , Watt Andrew 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe aim is to determine whether staff ratings of service user attachment style are associated with service user misconduct during inpatient treatment in a medium secure mental health unit; also, to gauge whether staff can evaluate attachment style reliably.Design/methodology/approachRetrospective case note analysis on 55 inpatient treatment episodes were supplemented with staff ratings of service user attachment style. Records of untoward incidents were centrally retrieved. Kappa statistics were used to analyse levels of staff agreement regarding service user attachment style.FindingsAttachment style was associated with hostile episodes, treatment non‐compliance and service user aggression. Post hoc analysis on a subset of data yielded poor overall agreement in ratings of attachment style (Kappa=0.2). Further analysis revealed a sex‐based asymmetry with high consistency in ratings of female service users (Kappa=0.79) and very low inter‐rater reliability for male service users (Kappa=−0.05). It is important to note that the staff included in the interrater reliability analysis were female.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was small, the observation period was short and staff conducting the ratings had no special training in the rating tool.Practical implicationsAttachment style per se played a significant part in the success and/or failure of service user treatment (when measured by misconduct). However, the validity of staffs' ratings of attachment style may interact systematically with the sex of staff and service users. These findings have important implications for the application of the concept of attachment in clinical settings.Social implicationsMental health professionals place central importance on the establishment of therapeutic relationships between clinicians and service users. Service user attachment style is assumed to play a role in mediating the success, or failure, of relationships with clinicians.Originality/valueThis study makes a novel contribution to the application of attachment theory to secure mental health care, it also demonstrates that gender is an important factor in staff appraisals of service users' approach to treatment.
Policy watch: implementing the mental health strategy
Authors: Corlett Sophie 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe Policy Watch series reflects on recent and forthcoming developments in mental health policy across the UK. This paper aims to review recent developments in mental health policy including the mental health implementation framework, draft Mandate to the NHS Commissioning Board, and proposals on shared decision making and integration of social and health care.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews and summarizes recent developments in national mental health policy in England and their implications for mental health service provision.FindingsThe paper outlines several developments which contribute towards the realisation of the mental health strategy, No Health Without Mental Health.Originality/valueThe paper updates and discusses knowledge on recent and forthcoming mental health policy initiatives and cites recent evidence from Mind.
Remarkable lives: Julie Leibrich in conversation with Jerome Carson
Authors: Leibrich Julie , Carson Jerome 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to offer a profile of Julie Leibrich.Design/methodology/approachAfter a short introduction by Jerome, Julie provides a short biography and is then interviewed by Jerome. Areas covered in the interview include community care, discovery and sanctuary.FindingsJulie is a psychologist, a poet and someone who has “lived experience” of mental health problems. Julie tells us about the historical problems of implementing community care, here and in New Zealand; she suggests that discrimination towards the mentally ill is more important than stigma; she talks about the importance of “A Gift of Stories” and why she has written her latest book on sanctuary.Originality/valueThe paper illustrates that Julie provides a unique perspective on recovery, though she prefers the term discovery. Her experiences as a research psychologist and as someone with lived experience have informed her writing.
Bacterial symbionts of Bathymodiolus mussels and Escarpia tubeworms from Chapopote, an asphalt seep in the southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Raggi L. , Schubotz F. , Hinrichs K.‐U. , Dubilier N. , Petersen J. M. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryChemosynthetic life was recently discovered at Chapopote, an asphalt hydrocarbon seep in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Preliminary morphological analyses indicated that one tubeworm and two mussel species colonize Chapopote. Our molecular analyses identified the tubeworm as Escarpia sp., and the mussels as Bathymodiolus heckerae and B. brooksi. Comparative 16S rRNA analysis and FISH showed that all three species harbour intracellular sulfur‐oxidizing symbionts highly similar or identical to those found in the same host species from northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM). The mussels also harbour methane‐oxidizing symbionts, and these shared highly similar to identical 16S rRNA sequences to their nGoM conspecifics. We discovered a novel symbiont in B. heckerae, which is closely related to hydrocarbon‐degrading bacteria of the genus Cycloclasticus. In B. heckerae, we found key genes for the use of aromatic compounds, and its stable carbon isotope values were consistently higher than B. brooksi, indicating that the novel symbiont might use isotopically heavy aromatic hydrocarbons from the asphalt seep. This discovery is particularly intriguing because until now only methane and reduced sulfur compounds have been shown to power cold‐seep chemosynthetic symbioses. The abundant hydrocarbons available at Chapopote would provide these mussel symbioses with a rich source of nutrition.
Genomes of marine cyanopodoviruses reveal multiple origins of diversity
Authors: Labrie S. J. , Frois‐Moniz K. , Osburne M. S. , Kelly L. , Roggensack S. E. , Sullivan M. B. , Gearin G. , Zeng Q. , Fitzgerald M. , Henn M. R. , Chisholm S. W. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are highly abundant in the global oceans, as are the cyanophage with which they co‐evolve. While genomic analyses have been relatively extensive for cyanomyoviruses, only three cyanopodoviruses isolated on marine cyanobacteria have been sequenced. Here we present nine new cyanopodovirus genomes, and analyse them in the context of the broader group. The genomes range from 42.2 to 47.7 kb, with G+C contents consistent with those of their hosts. They share 12 core genes, and the pan‐genome is not close to being fully sampled. The genomes contain three variable island regions, with the most hypervariable genes concentrated at one end of the genome. Concatenated core‐gene phylogeny clusters all but one of the phage into three distinct groups (MPP‐A and two discrete clades within MPP‐B). The outlier, P‐RSP2, has the smallest genome and lacks RNA polymerase, a hallmark of the Autographivirinae subfamily. The phage in group MPP‐B contain photosynthesis and carbon metabolism associated genes, while group MPP‐A and the outlier P‐RSP2 do not, suggesting different constraints on their lytic cycles. Four of the phage encode integrases and three have a host integration signature. Metagenomic analyses reveal that cyanopodoviruses may be more abundant in the oceans than previously thought.
Geographic Variation in the Taphonomic Effect of Vulture Scavenging: The Case for Southern Illinois
Authors: Dabbs Gretchen R. , Martin D. C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe taphonomic effect of vulture scavenging has been previously documented in central Texas (J Forensic Sci, 2009, 54, 524). This study reports on the behavioral differences between two species of vultures (Coragyps atratus, Cathartes aura) observed over a period of 1 year at the Complex for Forensic Anthropology Research in Southern Illinois. The decomposition of six research subjects and two control subjects was observed. Compared with the previous findings of vulture activity, the authors observed a severe delay in the time of first arrival (up to 28 days), decreased feeding time on remains (14–40 min), a less voracious feeding rate (7 days to 2 months to skeletonization), and a completely different feeding pattern of vultures in Southern Illinois. Additionally, no characteristic markings were observed on skeletal elements of research subjects. This study suggests the taphonomic effects of scavengers varies with climate and regions and may affect decomposition rates and patterns.
Substrate use and postural behavior in free‐ranging snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in Yunnan
Authors: GRUETER Cyril C. , LI Dayong , REN Baoping , LI Ming 
Published: November 2012

AbstractExtant colobines represent a predominantly arboreal primate radiation, but there are outliers such as some species of snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus spp.) that utilize both arboreal and terrestrial substrates. We quantified the degree of terrestriality and the distribution of individuals across canopy levels, the extrinsic and intrinsic determinants and constraints of strata association as well as use of postures in relation to behavior and food sources in a wild population of Yunnan snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in the Samage Forest, China. The subjects spent 80.5% of the observation time in the trees and 19.5% on the ground. Ground use occurred most frequently in the context of travelling (61%) and less often in the context of feeding and resting (30% combined). Adult males frequented the ground significantly more often than other age‐sex classes. Age‐sex differences were also apparent in substrate preferences, which likely reflect body weight constraints. Adult males were significantly more associated with solid substrates and less with terminal branches than adult females and juveniles. Juveniles were seen more often on unstable ground (i.e. on thin and oblique branches) and in the upper canopy. Substrate use also varied with behavior: feeding was much more common in the upper stratum, outer canopy, on highly inclined and thin branches, as compared to resting. Severe weather also influenced canopy use in that tree crowns were used less often during periods of snowfall. The most frequently exhibited resting and feeding postures was sitting. Standing and suspensory postures were most often used in the context of feeding on lichens.
Acute Coronary Syndromes Presenting with Transient Diffuse ST Segment Depression and ST Segment Elevation in Lead aVR not Caused by “Acute Left Main Coronary Artery Occlusion”: Description of Two Cases
Authors: Kim Edward , Birnbaum Yochai 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundDiffuse ST‐segment depression in the inferior + anterolateral leads with ST‐segment elevation in lead aVR has been described as characteristic of diffuse circumferential subendocardial ischemia caused by acute subtotal occlusion of the left main coronary artery.MethodsHere we describe two patients admitted for acute neurological disorders who developed transient diffuse ST‐segment depression in the inferior + anterolateral leads with ST‐segment elevation in lead aVR, associated with elevation of cardiac troponin‐I.ResultsIn both cases subsequent coronary angiography did not show significant left main stenosis or “left main equivalent” narrowings.ConclusionsAs both patients had acute neurological disorders, a possible association between the two conditions is discussed.
Notched QRS Complex in Lateral Leads as a Novel Predictor of Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Pan Wenzhi , Su Yangang , Zhu Wenqin , Shu Xianhong , Ge Junbo 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundsNotched QRS (nQRS) may be an indicator of ventricular delay. There are very few studies investigating the value of nQRS. The aim of the study was to identify the predictive value of nQRS for response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).MethodsEighty‐two patients with heart failure (HF) and widened QRS (≥120 ms) were implanted with a CRT device. nQRS was defined as presence of ≥2 R waves, or ≥1 notch in the R wave or S wave in ≥2 contiguous leads. Response to CRT was defined as percentage of left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV) reduction after 6 months CRT (ΔLVESV%) ≥15%.ResultsnQRS was presented in 62 (76%) patients, 16 of whom had nQRS in anterior leads, 47 in inferior leads, and 42 in lateral leads. The rate of CRT response (65% vs 50%, P = 0.29) and ΔLVESV% (21.7 ± 31.7% vs 7.9 ± 25.4%, P = 0.09) were not different between patients with and without nQRS. But the rate of CRT response was higher in patients with nQRS in lateral leads (nQRS‐L) than in those without nQRS‐L (76% vs 45%, P = 0.006). ΔLVESV% was greater in patients with nQRS‐L than in those without nQRS‐L (25.2 ± 34.3% vs 10.1 ± 24.5%, P = 0.004). After adjusting for potential confounders including QRS duration, presence of nQRS‐L still predicted positive CRT response (OR = 4.04, P = 0.009).ConclusionsnQRS‐L may be a novel predictor of response to CRT in patients with HF and widened QRS. Large‐scale studies are needed to confirm this prognostic value of nQRS‐L.
Predicting Recovery of Myocardial Function by Electrocardiography after Acute Infarction
Authors: Kylmälä Minna M. , Konttila Teijo , Vesterinen Paula , Lindholm Mats , Väänänen Heikki , Stenroos Matti , Nieminen Markku S. , Hänninen Helena , Toivonen Lauri 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundIn acute ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, distinguishing viable myocardium is clinically important.MethodsBody surface potential mapping (Electrocardiography [ECG] with 123 leads), was recorded in 62 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). ECG variables were computed from de‐ and repolarization phases. LV segmental wall motion was assessed by echocardiography acutely and after 1 year.ResultsThe number of dysfunctional segments (DFS) diminished during follow‐up in 37 patients (recovery group) and remained the same or increased in 25 patients (nonrecovery group). Acutely, DFS was 5.7 ± 2.1 versus 4.4 ± 2.4 (P = 0.02), and peak CK‐MBm 141 ± 157 versus 156 ± 167 μg/L (P = 0.78) in the recovery versus nonrecovery group. At follow‐up, DFS was 1.9 ± 1.7 versus 6.5 ± 2.6 (P < 0.001). The best ECG variable to predict decrease in DFS depended on the region of acute LV dysfunction: The best variable in the left anterior descending region was the integral of the first QRS integral (area under the curve [AUC] 0.82, P = 0.002); in the right coronary artery region, this was the integral of the ST segment (AUC 0.98, P = 0.003); and in the left circumflex region, the area including the ST segment and the T wave (AUC 0.97, P = 0.006).ConclusionsIn ACS patients, computed ECG variables predict recovery of LV function from ischemic myocardial injury, even in the presence of comparable CK‐MBm release and LV dysfunction.
Omega‐3 PUFAs and Atrial Fibrillation: Have We Made Up Our Mind Yet?
Authors: Guerra Federico , Shkoza Matilda , Scappini Lorena , Roberti Laura , Capucci Alessandro 
Published: November 2012

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia in adults, accounting for about one third of total arrhythmia‐related hospitalizations. AF impact on daily clinical practice is steadily rising, together with population aging and increased survival from underlying conditions closely associated with AF such as coronary heart disease and heart failure. Although antiarrhythmic therapy, oral anticoagulation, implanted device therapy, and ablation techniques are now all common and promptly available strategies in AF management, some of them are burdened by a low efficacy rate, while others are associated with increased proarrhythmic or hemorrhagic risk. Consequently, useful alternatives are being sought. Between those, polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs) have risen from mere alternative to statins in dyslipidemia management to powerful and well‐tolerated antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, and antiarrhythmogenic drugs.From the evidence collected through basic science studies, whether on in vivo myocytes, animal models, or surrogate end points in human, n‐3 PUFAs seem to offer innumerable advantages. On the other hand, epidemiological and clinical trials failed to demonstrate a clear efficacy of n‐3 PUFAs as antiarrhythmic drugs, although covered by an optimal safety profile. The aim of the present review is to summarize the most important evidences currently available on the role of n‐3 PUFA in AF management and therapy.
Follow‐up study of 2‐year‐olds born at very low gestational age in Estonia
Authors: Toome Liis , Varendi Heili , Männamaa Mairi , Vals Mari‐Anne , Tänavsuu Triinu , Kolk Anneli 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo study very low gestational age (VLGA, <32 weeks) infants at 2 years of age and to identify the predictors of adverse outcomes.MethodsA population‐based cohort of 155 surviving VLGA infants born in Estonia in 2007 was followed up and compared with a matched full‐term (FT) control group. A logistic regression model was used to test associations between risk factors and adverse outcomes.ResultsNo impairment was found in 60% of the VLGA infants. Neurodevelopmental impairment was noted in 12% of VLGA infants, with 8% of the infants affected by cerebral palsy without independent walking, 5% with cognitive delay, 10% with language delay and 1% with hearing impairment. The differences between preterm and FT infants in terms of the mean Cognitive, Language, and Motor Composite Scores assessed using the Bayley‐III scales were in excess of 0.5 SD. Somatic growth delay was a significant problem among preterm infants. The existence of severe neonatal cerebral lesions was the most significant predictor of adverse outcomes.ConclusionIn all domains studied, adverse conditions were more prevalent among VLGA infants than among the FT control group. Efforts to reduce neonatal morbidity in preterm infants should be a key priority for health care in Estonia.
Self‐perceived health status and mental health outcomes in young adults born with less than 1000 g
Authors: Natalucci G , Becker J , Becher K , Bickle GM , Landolt MA , Bucher HU 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo assess self‐perceived health status and mental health outcomes of former extremely low‐birth‐weight (ELBW) infants at young adulthood compared with community norms and to analyse predictors of poor outcome.MethodsFifty‐five ELBW adults, 18 men (33%), with median (range) gestational age of 28.7 (25.0–34.0) weeks and birth weight of 930 (680–990) grams, born in Switzerland, were included. They self‐rated their health status and mental health at a mean (range) age of 23.3 (21.8–25.9) years. Health status was measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 questionnaire and mental health by the Brief Symptom Inventory.ResultsThe mean scores for both outcome measures were in the normal range. However, the study group self‐rated significantly higher physical health status and lower mental health status compared with the community norms, and scores for self‐perceived mental health tended to be worse in the former. ELBW adults reported more problems in socio‐emotional role functioning compared with the community norms. Female sex was associated with poorer and bronchopulmonary dysplasia with better mental health status.ConclusionHealth status and mental health of former ELBW adults were overall satisfying. However, the comparison with the community norms revealed differences, which may be important for parental and patient counselling and developing support strategies.
Rumination variations: aetiology and classification of abnormal behavioural responses to digestive symptoms based on high‐resolution manometry studies
Authors: Tucker E. , Knowles K. , Wright J. , Fox M. R. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundRumination is the voluntary, albeit subconscious return of gastric contents to the mouth. Currently, rumination syndrome and repetitive belching disorders are considered separate diagnoses, as defined by Rome III criteria and high‐resolution oesophageal manometry (HRM).AimTo test the hypothesis that these conditions represent a common behavioural response to aversive digestive stimuli and that successful treatment can be directed at both the stimulus and the response.MethodsCase‐note review of consecutive patients with a final diagnosis of behavioural digestive disorders between August 2009 and October 2011.ResultsThirty‐five of 46 (76%) patients exhibited ‘classical’ rumination with abdomino‐gastric strain (R‐waves) driving gastric contents across the lower oesophageal sphincter; 5 (11%) had ‘reflux‐related’ rumination with R‐waves seen during gastro‐oesophageal common cavity (reflux) events and 6 had (13%) supra‐gastric belching. All received at least one biofeedback session at the time of diagnosis with a good response reported by 20/46 (43%) of the patients, which included 3 with supra‐gastric belching. Additionally, rumination ceased in cases in which definitive treatment relieved the symptoms that triggered abnormal behaviour (e.g. fundoplication in ‘reflux‐rumination’).ConclusionsRumination and many of its variations, excluding only some cases of supra‐gastric belching, are associated with abdomino‐gastric strain, a generic abnormal behavioural response to a variety of aversive digestive stimuli. All types of rumination can respond to biofeedback. High‐resolution oesophageal
manometry identifies subgroups with distinct mechanisms of disease that respond to specific management targeted at the symptoms that trigger the abnormal behaviour.