bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior insular cortex and the perception of internalized stigma and its components: a scoping review.
Authors: Lutova N. , Gerasimchuk E. , Khobeysh M. , Bocharova M. , Makarevich O. , Sorokin M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPersonality neuroscience employs a broad range of methods to identify the neurobiological mechanisms of complex psychological phenomena. The role of the insula is often associated with its involvement in emotion processing.ObjectivesThe study aims to identify the associations between neural activity in the anterior insula cortex (AInC) and self-stigma (or its components) in a scoping review.MethodsWe searched in PubMed (MEDLINE), PsychINFO, EMBASE via the Ovid platform through September 21st, 2022. Included studies had to use fMRI to assess neurophysiological markers in AInC, and to include a measure of association between fMRI results and a measure of self-stigma and/or its components as assessed by a scale or questionnaire in participants aged 18-65 y.o. The PRISMA-ScR checklist was used.ResultsAfter full-text screening 10 of 206 original researches were chosen for the final analysis (Table 1).
Table 1:Included studies in the analysis.1DeWall et al. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2012; 7(2): 184-192.2Masten et al. Neuroimage. 2011; 55(1): 381-388.3Kross et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2011; 108(15): 6270-6275.4Bolling et al. Neuroimage. 2011; 54(3): 2462-2471.5Lindner et al. PLoS One. 2014; 9(1): e85014.6Achterberg et al. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2016; 11(5): 712-720.7Muscatell et al. Brain Behav Immun. 2016; 57: 21-29.8Sankar et al. Front Behav Neurosci. 2019;13.9Cáceda et al. Clin Neurosci. 2020; 270(5): 619-631.10Landa et al. J Psychosom Res. 2020; 128: 109881.In 5 studies, the results were presented with MNI-space coordinates. Figure 1 illustrats the regions of local activity change maxima according to MNI-space coordinates based on the results of the included studies in the analysis.Neural activation in the regions of the AInC was positively associated with greater levels of social rejection sensitivity and other components of self-stigma in 9 studies. Reduced activity was observed in only one study (Lindner et al., PLoS One. 2014; 9(1): e85014) among highly self-stigmatized patients with schizophrenia. This finding may reflect a biological manifestation of deficits in self-awareness and affective processing in schizophrenia.Image:

Conclusions
Associations between neural activity changes in specific brain regions and levels of self-stigma and/or its components, as reported in included neuroimaging studies, have the potential to shed light on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying such a complex psychological phenomenon as stigma.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Young Adults On Mental Health Instagram and TikTok: Self-Care, Self-Diagnosis and Performances of The Mentally Healthy Self
Authors: Bailie A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMy PhD research critically examines the contemporary U.K politics of mental health and Illness and mental illness amongst young adults via social media.This presentation examines the way in which social media, like Instagram and Tiktok allows young adults to explore, express and share their selfhood and identity around ideas of mental health and illness through videos, posts and online interactions. I will briefly explore how young adults use social media content to learn, experience and criticise their lived experiences, care for and treatment of mental health and illness. Arguing that these new developments in language and social practices around mental health and illness via social media need to be further explored, acknowledged and addressed in social science and this can be supported by work in the field of psychiatry.To illustrate this, I will share empirical data from interviews conducted in 2021 and 2022 with young adults who speak about their mental health and illness online and have engaged with psychiatric services, for example, in-patient settings. Instagram and Tiktok have become important arenas for young adults because of the informative role they play in young adults’ understanding of what a healthy person looks like, or their ideas of the mentally healthy self. A concept I introduce in my research of which I will explain and explore through the presentation. In young adults’ understandings of mental health and illness there is a movement towards social practices that are intended to achieve (an idea of
) mental health and this is created in a powerful digital environment that is affected by capitalism, neoliberal discourse and exists in a context of multiple political and health crises in the U.K and globally. Overall, the presentation argues that these mental health and illness social practices have transformed young adults’s experiences by responsibilisation in self-care that both isolates and empowers their experiences.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The role of immunity and inflammation in obsessive-compulsive disorder and related conditions
Authors: Palermo S. , Gurrieri R. , Annuzzi E. , Gambini M. , Arone A. , Coccoglioniti A. , D’Angelo G. , Marazziti D. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the potential consequences of disruptions in the inflammatory and immune systems on the onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and associated conditions, such as Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infection (PANDAS) and Tourette syndrome (TS). While this area of inquiry is undeniably captivating, the available data remain somewhat controversial and limited in scope.ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to conduct an exhaustive examination and evaluation of the existing body of literature concerning aberrations in inflammatory and immune system processes within the context of OCD, PANDAS, and TS.MethodsThis narrative review entailed a comprehensive search of English language papers on PubMed and Google Scholar from January 1985 to July 31, 2023.Results
The data collected up to this point suggest that the underlying mechanisms at play may differ depending on the age of the patients and the specific disorder being investigated. Notably, PANDAS seems to have a stronger connection with infections that trigger autoimmunity, which may not necessarily be limited to those resulting from Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections, as previously assumed. In the case of TS, autoimmunity appears to play a significant role, especially when combined with individual susceptibilities stemming from both genetic and environmental factors. As for adult OCD, while the available data are somewhat scattered and occasionally based on relatively small groups of patients, they do indicate that the immune system and inflammatory processes are involved in the disorder’s pathophysiology. However, it remains uncertain whether these processes are primary driving forces or secondary reactions.ConclusionsIn summary, when viewed collectively, the current research findings unveil promising avenues for exploring the underlying causes of OCD and related disorders. They also hold the potential for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches that go beyond the current pharmacological paradigms.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Neuropsychological functions as endophenotype markers in ocd: a long term follow-up
Authors: Puialto M. , Segalas J. , Alonso M. D. P. , Real E. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionObssesive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by impaired neuropsychological functions that are also influenced by clinical variables and aging.According to the literature, several of these neuropsychological deficits could be potential endophenotype markers.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to study what kind of cognitive deficits OCD patients have and how aging and clinical course modify their cognitive profiles campared with general population.MethodsThis study examined a sample of 60 adult outpatients with OCD diagnosis, who were matched with 70 healthy controls (HC). Cognitive performance in both groups was assessed using a neuropsychological battery including Rey-Osterrieth complex Figure (ROCF) and Digit Span Test (DGS). Based on previous research on neuropsychology of OCD, it was specified that these neuropsychological measures could be divided in two composites. The first composite, Executive function, includes Total Digit Span and the domain of organization of ROCF. The second composite, Non-Verbal Memory, includes the copy of ROCF, immediate recall, delayed recall and recognition of ROCF.Severity of OCD symptoms was assessed by YBOCS and HDRS was used for symptoms of depression.Both cognitive performance and clinical data were documented before and after a follow-up of 11 years.
During analysis, group differences between patients with OCD and HC regarding demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline and follow-up were calculated with independent t-tests and Pearson tests.The main analysis tested if the change in cognitive function over time differed between patients and controls. To this end, a linear mixed model was used, examining the interaction between age, gender and time in both groups.ResultsOlder age, in patients with OCD and HC, was associated with poorer performance on executive function and nonverbal memory. Executive function was influenced by severity of OCD, and non-verbal memory by depressive symptoms at baseline. While, after the follow-up, as obsessive and affective symptoms improve along de follow-up, there is no significant change in the neuropsychological pattern.At baseline, patients with OCD showed a poorer performance than HC in areas of nonverbal memory and executive function. After de follow-up, there is a poorer performance in the cognitive function in both groups, as they get older. However, there is no significant difference in this change between patients and HC.ConclusionsResults suggest that OCD is characterized by the existence of dysfunction in several neuropsychological areas that are influenced by time and clinical variables.Nevertheless, this alteration is no solely attributable to these factors, as they remain stable through time compared to the general population. Therefore, certain neuropsychological functions might be endophenotype traits of the disorder.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Skin picking disorder in the elderly- What is the available evidence?
Authors: Vasiliu O. , Mangalagiu A. G. , Petrescu B. M. , Candea C. A. , Tudor C. , Ungureanu D. , Miclos M. , Florescu C. , Draghici A. I. , Bratu-Bizic R. E. , Dobre M. , Fainarea A. F. , Patrascu M. C. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Excoriation disorder (ExD) is a pathology recognized by DSM-5, and it is considered a part of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. ExD is associated with a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity (e.g., depression, ADHD, substance use disorders, etc.).ObjectivesThe main objective of this review was to explore the available evidence to support the diagnosis and treatment of skin picking in elderly population.MethodsA literature review of the available sources reporting on ExD in elderly patients, realized by searching three electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Clarivate/Web of Science) but also the grey literature. All papers published between January 1990 and July 2023, including the terms “excoriation disorder”, “compulsive skin picking”, “dermatillomania” and “elderly” or “old-age patients” were reviewed.Results
The information about ExD was extracted almost exclusively from reports on elderly patients with neurocognitive disorders. Tactile hallucinations, delusions of contamination, social isolation and focusing on own bodily sensations, and organic causes- dehydration, allergies, renal insufficiency, hepatic and pancreatic diseases, as well as toxic causes- e.g., adverse events of certain drugs should be investigated in elderly patients exhibiting signs of ExD. A differential diagnosis is very important in this population in order to find the most adequate treatment. Behavioral treatments, serotonergic antidepressants, and glutamatergic modulators have been explored in patients with ExD, although specific trials for elderly patients with this disorder are still lacking. However, case reports support the utility of several serotonergic antidepressants in the elderly.ConclusionsExD is a less explored disorder in the elderly, where an extensive differential diagnosis and screening for somatic/psychiatric comorbidities are needed. Trials exploring the potential treatments for ExD in old-age patients are also required for evidence-based case management.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Late Onset Bipolar Disorder (LOBD): a case report
Authors: Martín De Argila Lorente M. , Franco Lovaco B. , Rabinovici B. , Díaz Mayoral C. , Toapanta Yanza G. E. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Bipolar disorder (BD) in the elderly patient may present as the evolution of illness initiated earlier in life or as a new-onset entity. Therefore, two groups of patients are distinguished: “late onset” (LOBD) when the first mania occurs in old age and “early onset” in elderly patients with long-standing history. BD in elderly patients (≥60 years) constitutes 25% of all BD cases. Specific aspects of older age bipolar disorder (OABD) are somatic and psychiatric comorbidity, impaired cognition and age-related psychosocial functioning. The management of BD in the elderly is complex given the high sensitivity of these patients to pharmacological side effects, particularly of psychotropic drugs.ObjectivesThe case of a patient with LOBD is presented, followed by a theoretical review of the subject.MethodsA case is presented with a bibliographic review.Results
A 76-year-old woman who had no prior history of mental health issues until March 2023 when she was initially admitted to a geriatric hospitalization unit for manifesting manic symptoms. She was readmitted in July 2023 due to worsening depressive symptoms that included a declining mood, passive thoughts of death, deterioration in self-care, weight loss, insomnia, constipation, and dry mouth despite recent changes in her medications. She was on treatment with escitalopram (which was gradually discontinued and replaced with mirtazapine), quetiapine, lormetazepam, and lorazepam. Imaging tests showed chronic ischemic lesions in her brain and a small meningioma, the rest of the test were normal.The initial diagnostic hypothesis was a bipolar depressive episode, and her treatment was adjusted accordingly. She was started on lithium, and her quetiapine dosage was increased, along with the anxiolytic lorazepam. Due to the persistence of depressive symptoms, including low mood, anhedonia, apathy, and negative thoughts, she was also prescribed antidepressant medication (venlafaxine and mirtazapine). Her condition gradually improved, with better eating and sleep patterns, increased participation in activities, and reduced somatic complaints and anxiety.As she continued to experience somnolence and decreased morning energy, her antipsychotic medication was switched from quetiapine to lurasidone. The dose of lithium was decreased due to tremors in her extremities, although they remained within the therapeutic range. Despite these adjustments, her mood significantly improved, and she showed no signs of worsening or psychotic symptoms, leading to her discharge.ConclusionsSummarizing different studies, LOBD who develop mania for the first time at an advanced age (≥ 50 years) constitute 5-10% of all BD. It is important to perform a thorough differential diagnosis, as an organic substrate and diverse etiologies may be present. Current guidelines recommend that first-line treatment of OABD should be similar to that of BD in young patients, with careful use of psychotropic drugs.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Meta-analysis of generalization reliability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaire in cognitive impairment
Authors: Fernández Fernández R. , Izquierdo de la Puente Á. , del Sol Calderón P. , Vizcaíno da Silva M. , Rodríguez Rodríguez A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionDementia is a syndrome of high prevalence and health impact. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaire is a screening tool whose use has increased in recent years, especially in cases of mild cognitive impairment. Some studies suggest that its ability to detect cognitive impairment, especially in early or mild stages, seems to be greater than gold-standard instruments (Ciesielska et al., 2016).ObjectivesWe have performed a meta-analysis of reliability generalization to see if different adaptations and use in different contexts show consistent results.Methods
We performed a literature search in PyscINFO and Medline with the terms “Cognitive impairment” AND “internal consistency” AND “Cronbach”, using the following inclusion criteria:1.Be a study in which the MoCA scale was applied to a population sample.2.Studies published in the last 10 years.3.Studies that provide the reliability coefficient or sufficient data to calculate them.4.Be written in English or Spanish.We have limited our study to the last 10 years and the English language has given us a total of 19 results in Medline and 132 results in PsycINFO. Subsequently, we completed this search by snowball sampling.
A random effects model was assumed for the statistical calculations and the transformation of our values using the Hakstian and Whalen (1976) proposal. Statistical analysis was performed with the MAJOR package of the Janovi program, based on the R environment.ResultsWe obtained a mean reliability for the transformed test scores of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.38 - 0.45), as well as high heterogeneity measured by Cochran’s Q statistic and the I2 index, which is attributed after analysis of moderating variables to the geographical adaptation of the questionnaire and the type of patient on whom it is applied. Our Funnel Plot graph indicates that we do not appear to have committed a publication bias.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis shows high heterogeneity, mainly explained by the population of origin, both geographically (continent) and clinically (presence of primary cognitive impairment or not), with special incidence in those with impairment secondary to other pathologies, mainly neurological. However, we should consider the high probability that we have not included important variables in our analysis that could increase the explanatory power of our model.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Schizoaffective Disorder and Parkinson’s Disease: a case report
Authors: Izquierdo De La Puente A. , del Sol Calderón P. , Fernandez Fernandez R. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionWe present the case of a patient with schizoaffective disorder and Parkinson’s disease (PD), requiring treatment adjustment, with the use of high doses of quetiapine for the treatment of psychotic symptomatology.ObjectivesThe aim is to briefly review the treatment of dopaminergic psychosis in the elderly.Methods

Patient aged 86 years, institutionalised, presenting severe episodes of behavioural alteration, high anxiety and delusions of harm, together with auditory and visual hallucinations. As relevant physical history, the patient has AHT, aortic insufficiency, and bladder cancer operated on in 2012. As psychiatric history of interest, the patient has been diagnosed since his 30s with schizoaffective disorder, Parkinson’s disease and moderate-severe cognitive impairment secondary to the previous two.As usual treatment, in addition to anticoagulation and antihypertensive therapy, the patient has been receiving L-dopa for his PD for years, antidepressant treatment with escitalopram 10mg, haloperidol 80 drops a day, divided into three doses, and lormetazepam 2mg as a hypnotic.In addition to the symptoms described above, the patient had episodes of confusional features, as well as marked stiffness in the cogwheel and significant gait disturbance, having suffered several falls without serious repercussions.Results
Due to the comorbid neurological pathology, it was decided to progressively modify the treatment, withdrawing the benzodiazepine due to the risk of confusional disorder and replacing it with trazodone. Antipsychotic treatment was gradually replaced by extended-release quetiapine, reaching a maximum dose of 800mg. Likewise, escitalopram treatment is replaced by sertraline.With this adjustment, there was an improvement in the psychotic symptoms, as well as in the anxious symptoms. Episodes of distress are NOT observed, and the patient’s functionality improves, allowing him/her to participate in daily activities, both cognitive stimulation and physiotherapy.ConclusionsThe Spanish Society of Psychogeriatrics recommends that before using antipsychotics, it is advisable to first treat the underlying potentially treatable causes (pain, infections, toxic effects of drugs…), assess non-pharmacological interventions and always, if the use of antipsychotics is required, assess the risk-benefit ratio.In relation to the above, it is not surprising that in the elderly, the use of second-generation antipsychotics is recommended in the first place, as opposed to the classical ones. The latter are only recommended in emergency situations where an almost immediate effect is required.For dopaminergic psychosis, there are only controlled trials with clozapine. However, due to prescribing difficulties, aripiprazole or quetiapine is recommended in the first instance.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Platelet enzymatic activities in patients with late-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Prokhorova T. , Boksha I. , Savushkina O. , Tereshkina E. , Vorobyeva E. , Burbaeva G. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionImpairments in energy metabolism, glutamate neurotransmitter and antioxidant systems contribute substantially in development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, especially in late-onset psychosis (LOP).ObjectivesRevealing subgroups of patients with LOP by determining activity of platelet enzymes of energy, glutamate, and glutathione metabolism.Methods62 women of 52-89 years old were studied, with late onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders (F20.0, F25, F22.0, F06.2 by ICD-10). PANSS with its subscales was used to assess the severity of psychotic symptoms. Scores by PANSS and activity levels of platelet cytochrome c-oxidase (COX), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were evaluated twice: before and on the 28-th day of antipsychotic treatment. Activities of COX, GDH, GR, and GST were measured in 37 women of 50-84 years old comprising the control group.Results
Clustering of patients by the enzymatic activities resulted in 2 clusters (C1 and C2) significantly different by COX and GST (p<0.001). In C1 (n=40), as compared with control, reduced level of GDH activity before and after treatment (p=0.049 and p=0.032, respectively) and a reduced level of GR activity before treatment (p=0.026) were revealed. In C2 (n=22), as compared with the control, COX activity was increased before and after treatment (p=0.0001), GDH activity was decreased before and after treatment (p=0.0002 and p=0.0001, respectively), and GST activity was decreased before and after treatment (p=0.029 and p=0.0029, respectively). GR activity was not significantly changed in both clusters. Significant correlations were found between enzymatic activities and scores by psychometric scales: in C1, GR activity positively correlated with the score reduction (delta) by PANSS-Pos (R=0.45, p=0.004), by PANSS-Psy (R=0.44, p=0.005), and by PANSS (R=0.47, p=0.002), and GST activity – with the score reduction by PANSS-Psy (R=0.315, p=0.048). In C2 (n=22), GDH activity negatively correlated with the score reduction by PANSS-Pos (R=-0.41, p=0.050) and by PANSS (R=-0.49, p=0.021).ConclusionsThe different correlations revealed in two separated clusters between enzymatic activity levels and clinical measures characterizing the antipsychotic treatment efficacy will allow us to approach differentiated predicting the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy using the biochemical parameters.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared