bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chloroplast outer envelope protein P39 in Arabidopsis thaliana belongs to the Omp85 protein family
Authors: Hsueh Yi‐Ching , Flinner Nadine , Gross Lucia E. , Haarmann Raimund , Mirus Oliver , Sommer Maik S. , Schleiff Enrico 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTProteins of the Omp85 family chaperone the membrane insertion of β‐barrel‐shaped outer membrane proteins in bacteria, mitochondria, and probably chloroplasts and facilitate the transfer of nuclear‐encoded cytosolically synthesized preproteins across the outer envelope of chloroplasts. This protein family is characterized by N‐terminal polypeptide transport‐associated (POTRA) domains and a C‐terminal membrane‐embedded β‐barrel. We have investigated a recently identified Omp85 family member of Arabidopsis thaliana annotated as P39. We show by in vitro and in vivo experiments that P39 is localized in chloroplasts. The electrophysiological properties of P39 are consistent with those of other Omp85 family members confirming the sequence based assignment of P39 to this family. Bioinformatic analysis showed that P39 lacks any POTRA domain, while a complete 16 stranded β‐barrel including the highly conserved L6 loop is proposed. The electrophysiological properties are most comparable to Toc75‐V, which is consistent with the phylogenetic clustering of P39 in the Toc75‐V rather than the Toc75‐III branch of the Omp85 family tree. Taken together P39 forms a pore with Omp85 family protein characteristics. The bioinformatic comparison of the pore region of Toc75‐III, Toc75‐V, and P39 shows distinctions of the barrel region most likely related to function. Proteins 2017; 85:1391–1401. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Homology models of the HIV‐1 attachment inhibitor BMS‐626529 bound to gp120 suggest a unique mechanism of action
Authors: Langley David R. , Roy Kimura S. , Sivaprakasam Prasanna , Zhou Nannan , Dicker Ira , McAuliffe Brian , Wang Tao , Kadow John F. , Meanwell Nicholas A. , Krystal Mark 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTHIV‐1 gp120 undergoes multiple conformational changes both before and after binding to the host CD4 receptor. BMS‐626529 is an attachment inhibitor (AI) in clinical development (administered as prodrug BMS‐663068) that binds to HIV‐1 gp120. To investigate the mechanism of action of this new class of antiretroviral compounds, we constructed homology models of unliganded HIV‐1 gp120 (UNLIG), a pre‐CD4 binding‐intermediate conformation (pCD4), a CD4 bound‐intermediate conformation (bCD4), and a CD4/co‐receptor‐bound gp120 (LIG) from a series of partial structures. We also describe a simple pathway illustrating the transition between these four states. Guided by the positions of BMS‐626529 resistance substitutions and structure–activity relationship data for the AI series, putative binding sites for BMS‐626529 were identified, supported by biochemical and biophysical data. BMS‐626529 was docked into the UNLIG model and molecular dynamics simulations were used to demonstrate the thermodynamic stability of the different gp120 UNLIG/BMS‐626529 models. We propose that BMS‐626529 binds to the UNLIG conformation of gp120 within the structurally conserved outer domain, under the antiparallel β20–β21 sheet, and adjacent to the CD4 binding loop. Through this binding mode, BMS‐626529 can inhibit both CD4‐induced and CD4‐independent formation of the “open state” four‐stranded gp120 bridging sheet, and the subsequent formation and exposure of the chemokine co‐receptor binding site. This unique mechanism of action prevents the initial interaction of HIV‐1 with the host CD4+ T cell, and subsequent HIV‐1 binding and entry. Our findings clarify the novel mechanism of BMS‐626529, supporting its ongoing clinical development. Proteins 2015; 83:331–350. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insect P450 inhibitors and insecticides: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Feyereisen René 
Published: November 2014

AbstractP450 enzymes are encoded by a large number of genes in insects, often over a hundred. They play important roles in insecticide metabolism and resistance, and growing numbers of P450 enzymes are now known to catalyse important physiological reactions, such as hormone metabolism or cuticular hydrocarbon synthesis. Ways to inhibit P450 enzymes specifically or less specifically are well understood, as P450 inhibitors are found as drugs, as fungicides, as plant growth regulators and as insecticide synergists. Yet there are no P450 inhibitors as insecticides on the market. As new modes of action are constantly needed to support insecticide resistance management, P450 inhibitors should be considered because of their high potential for insect selectivity, their well‐known mechanisms of action and the increasing ease of rational design and testing. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
An earlyMiocene deep‐water decapod crustacean faunule from theSlovenian part of theStyrianBasin, and its palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiogeographical significance
Authors: Gašparič Rok , Hyžný Matúš 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA new decapod crustacean faunule is described from the earlyMiocene of theSlovenian part of theStyrianBasin. TheIvnikBeds exposed at theČinžat locality contain seven species:Calliax michelottii(Axiidea:Callianassidae),Lepidophthalmus paratethyensissp. nov. (Axiidea:Callianassidae),Jaxea kuemeli(Gebiidea:Laomediidae),Styrioplax exiguus(Brachyura:Chasmocarcinidae),Goneplax gulderi(Brachyura:Goneplacidae),Neopilumnoplax pohorjensissp. nov. (Brachyura:Mathildellidae) andRetropluma slovenicasp. nov. (Brachyura:Retroplumidae). Numerous specimens of well‐preservedStyrioplax exiguuspermitted its redescription and re‐assignment of its familial placement toChasmocarcinidae.Neopilumnoplax pohorjensissp. nov. constitutes the first fossil occurrence of the genus known to date. The decapod association, as well as other faunal elements, suggests low‐energy deep‐water depositional environment with epibathyal water depth of more than 125 m. The studied locality is situated in theRibnica–Selnica graben filled with sediments once deposited in theCentralParatethys sea. Based on the affinities of decapod genera of theCentralParatethys and theProto‐Mediterranean, we conclude that the exchange of decapod faunas between these regions was probably regulated by an anti‐estuarine circulation permitting an easier incursion of species from theProto‐Mediterranean into theParatethys and simultaneous hindering theParatethyan endemics (Styrioplax) from entering theMediterranean.
A unified method for the design of steel beam‐columns
Authors: Höglund Torsten 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn Eurocode 3, Part 1‐1 [1] two methods are given for the design of beam‐columns. They have been criticized for their complexity. Furthermore, internal plastic redistribution of stresses of class 3 cross‐sections is not utilized in the code. These shortcomings were resolved in proposal for amended rules in [5], however, the procedures for beam‐columns are still complicated and difficult to understand.An approximate method for the design of beam‐columns was proposed 1968 in [6] which was addressed in the Commentary to the Swedish regulations for steel structures [10] and used in Sweden since then [11]. It was accepted also in Eurocode 9 for aluminium [4], where it is especially convenient to allow for softening of the material at local transverse welds, see [9]. The method is here proposed to be included also in Eurocode 3.In this paper the resistance of class 3 cross‐sections is discussed and the unified method for beam‐columns is presented. Four worked examples are presented, three of them on rather complicated structures, to show the capability to treat such structures as well.
Concise Reviews: Can Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Differentiate into Corneal Cells? A Systematic Review of Published Data
Authors: Harkin Damien G. , Foyn Leanne , Bray Laura J. , Sutherland Allison J. , Li Fiona J. , Cronin Brendan G. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The majority of stem cell therapies for corneal repair are based upon the use of progenitor cells isolated from corneal tissue, but a growing body of literature suggests a role for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated from noncorneal tissues. While the mechanism of MSC action seems likely to involve their immuno-modulatory properties, claims have emerged of MSC transdifferentiation into corneal cells. Substantial differences in methodology and experimental outcomes, however, have prompted us to perform a systematic review of the published data. Key questions used in our analysis included: the choice of markers used to assess corneal cell phenotype, the techniques used to detect these markers, adequate reporting of controls, and tracking of MSC when studied in vivo. Our search of the literature revealed 28 papers published since 2006, with half appearing since 2012. MSC cultures established from bone marrow and adipose tissue have been best studied (22 papers). Critically, only 11 studies used appropriate markers of corneal cell phenotype, along with necessary controls. Ten out of these eleven papers, however, contained positive evidence of corneal cell marker expression by MSC. The clearest evidence is observed with respect to expression of markers for corneal stromal cells by MSC. In comparison, the evidence for MSC conversion into either corneal epithelial cells or corneal endothelial cells is often inconsistent or inconclusive. Our analysis clarifies this emerging body of literature and provides guidance for future studies of MSC differentiation within the cornea as well as other tissues. Stem Cells 2015;33:785–791
Prediction of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in term pregnancies by assessment of fetal lung volume and pulmonary artery resistance index
Authors: Laban Mohamed , Mansour Ghada M. , Elsafty Mohammed S.E. , Hassanin Alaa S. , EzzElarab Sahar S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo develop reference cutoff values for mean fetal lung volume (FLV) and pulmonary artery resistance index (PA‐RI) for prediction of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in low‐risk term pregnancies.MethodsAs part of a cross‐sectional study, women aged 20–35 years were enrolled and admitted to a tertiary hospital in Cairo, Egypt, for elective repeat cesarean at 37–40 weeks of pregnancy between January 1, 2012, and July 31, 2013. FLV was calculated by virtual organ computer‐aided analysis, and PA‐RI was measured by Doppler ultrasonography before delivery.ResultsA total of 80 women were enrolled. Neonatal RDS developed in 11 (13.8%) of the 80 newborns. Compared with neonates with RDS, healthy neonates had significantly higher FLVs (P < 0.001) and lower PA‐RIs (P < 0.001). Neonatal RDS is less likely with FLV of at least 32 cm3 or PA‐RI less than or equal to 0.74. Combining these two measures improved the accuracy of prediction.ConclusionThe use of either FLV or PA‐RI predicted neonatal RDS. The predictive value increased when these two measures were combined.
Types of consent in reproductive health care
Authors: Dickens Bernard M. , Cook Rebecca J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHealthcare providers require prior consent to treat patients. Consent can be different for legal purposes, and be expressed in different ways. Simple consent affords providers protection from liability for assault, but negligence can arise if the consent is inadequately informed. Providers cannot coerce or improperly induce consent; patients’ agreement that a provider wrongly influences is compliance, not true consent. Attempts to rescue patients in peril may be lawful on the presumption of their implied consent, unless patients negate the presumption. In special cases, laws may require that consent be written, but generally consent can be given by speech or conduct. Informed consent depends on patients’ comprehension, but consent for treatment of uncomprehending patients may come from third parties, including legally recognized substitutes or judges. There may be legal limits to reproductive procedures to which patients may consent, under laws that can be respectfully tested, but have to be obeyed.
The importance of client heterogeneity in predicting make‐or‐buy decisions
Authors: Kistruck Geoffrey M. , Morris Shad S. , Webb Justin W. , Stevens Charles E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractScholars have begun to merge the transaction cost economics and capabilities perspectives to examine outsourcing decisions. Further integrating these perspectives with intermediation theory, we assert that a firm's decision to use an intermediary when entering a foreign market is largely a function of the intermediary's relative capabilities and relative transaction costs (i.e., relative advantage). We hypothesize that the intermediary's relative advantage is influenced by three significantly intertwined exchange conditions: client heterogeneity, intermediary risk, and firm learning. Using a sample of 929 new foreign market initiatives by a global consulting firm, our results support our theory.
Reappraisal of the effectiveness of 99mTc‐dimercaptosuccinic acid scans for selective voiding cystourethrography in children with a first febrile urinary tract infection
Authors: Shih Bing‐Fu , Tsai Jeng‐Daw , Tsao Chin‐Ho , Huang Fu‐Yuan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRecent studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the ability of technetium‐99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc‐DMSA) renal scans for identifying high‐grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children with a first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI). This study aimed to reevaluate the effectiveness of 99mTc‐DMSA renal scans for selective voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in children with a first febrile UTI. The medical records of children aged ≤ 5 years who were admitted with a first febrile UTI were retrospectively reviewed. Ultrasonography (US) and DMSA renal scans were performed within 3–5 days after admission, and VCUG was performed 7–10 days after antibiotics treatment. A total of 653 children were enrolled for analysis, including 579 patients aged < 2 years (Group A) and 74 patients aged 2–5 years (Group B). In Group A, DMSA scans were abnormal for 346 patients (59.8%), and normal for 233 patients (40.2%). High‐grade VUR was present in 99 of 346 patients (28.9%) with abnormal DMSA scans, but present in only 16 of 233 patients (6.9%) with normal DMSA scans (p < 0.001). Regarding the prediction of high‐grade VUR, the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) for the DMSA scans were 86.1% and 93.1%, respectively. In Group B, DMSA scans were abnormal for 36 patients (48.6%), and normal for 38 patients (51.4%). High‐grade VUR was present in 12 of 36 patients (33.3%) with abnormal DMSA scans, whereas none of the 38 patients with normal DMSA scans had high‐grade VUR (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and NPV of the DMSA scans were both 100%. Using the selective VCUG strategy, approximately 40% of Group A patients and 50% of Group B patients could be spared an unnecessary VCUG, respectively. Our study results suggest that 99mTc‐DMSA renal scans are effective in identifying children with a first febrile UTI for selective VCUG.
Is governance for everybody?
Authors: Peters B Guy 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The term governance has come to be used commonly in both academic discourse and in ordinary discussions about how the public sector, and other institutions, manage themselves and their relationships with the broader society. The emphasis on governance in many ways reflects public concerns about the capacity of their political systems to act effectively and decisively to solve public problems. In this short paper I take a generic stance on the nature of governance. Rather than assuming that one set of actors or another is the appropriate source of governance, I will advance a conception of governance that focuses on the basic functions that must be performed in order to govern. Further, rather than forcing a choice between one set of actors or another, this more general conception of governance focuses on the possible mixtures of actors which can govern most effectively.
A mixed diet supplemented with l-arabinose does not alter glycaemic or insulinaemic responses in healthy human subjects
Authors: Halschou-Jensen Kia , Bach Knudsen Knud E. , Nielsen Søren , Bukhave Klaus , Andersen Jens R. 
Published: November 2014

In addition to a yet-to-be published study showing arabinose to have an inhibiting effect on maltase, in vitro studies have shown l-arabinose to exert an inhibiting effect on small-intestinal sucrase and maltase and the consumption of a sucrose-rich drink containing l-arabinose to exert positive effects on postprandial blood glucose, insulin and C-peptide responses in humans. However, the effects of adding l-arabinose to mixed meals on the indices of glucose control are unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the positive effects of l-arabinose added to a sugar drink could be reproduced in subjects consuming a mixed meal containing sucrose and/or starch from wheat flour. A total of seventeen healthy men participated in study 1, a randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial. In this study, the subjects consumed two different breakfast meals containing sucrose and starch from wheat flour (meal A) or starch from wheat flour (meal B) supplemented with 0, 5 and 10 % l-arabinose by weight after a 12 h fast. A total of six healthy men participated in study 2, a randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial. In this study, the subjects also consumed meal B served in two different textures and a liquid meal with maltose supplemented with 0 and 20 % l-arabinose. In addition, 1·5 g of paracetamol was chosen as an indirect marker to assess gastric emptying. Postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations were measured regularly for 3 h. The results of the present study showed that the peak plasma concentration, time to reach peak plasma concentration or AUC values of glucose, insulin and C-peptide were not altered after consumption of the test meals. Overall, it was not possible to reproduce the beneficial effects of l-arabinose added to sucrose drinks when l-arabinose was mixed in a solid or semi-solid mixed meal.
Vitamin A deficiency induces structural and functional alterations in the molecular constituents of the rat hippocampus
Authors: Elibol-Can Birsen , Simsek-Ozek Nihal , Severcan Feride , Severcan Mete , Jakubowska-Dogru Ewa 
Published: November 2014

To date, no structural study has been carried out on the effects of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) on hippocampal macromolecules. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of dietary VAD on the structure, content and function of rat hippocampal molecules was investigated using Fourier transform IF spectroscopy. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: an experimental group maintained on a vitamin A-deficient liquid diet (VAD,n7); a control group maintained on a vitamin A-supplemented liquid diet (CON,n9); a pure control group maintained on standard solid laboratory chow (PC,n7). The PC group was included in the study to ensure that the usage of liquid diet did not influence the outcomes of VAD. Both the CON and PC groups were successfully discriminated from the VAD group by principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The spectral analysis indicated a significant decrease in the contents of saturated and unsaturated lipids, cholesteryl esters, TAG and nucleic acids in the VAD group when compared with the CON group (P≤ 0·05). In addition, a significant decrease in membrane fluidity and a significant increase in lipid order (e.g. acyl chain flexibility) were observed in the VAD group (P≤ 0·001). The results of the artificial neural network analysis revealed a significant decrease in the α-helix structure content and a significant increase in the turn and random coil structure contents, indicating protein denaturation, in the VAD group when compared with the CON and PC groups (P≤ 0·05). Dietary exclusion of vitamin A for 3 months apparently had an adverse impact on compositional, structural and dynamical parameters. These changes can be due to increased oxidative stress, confirming the antioxidant protection provided by vitamin A when used as a dietary supplement at low-to-moderate doses.
Association between dietary inflammatory index and prostate cancer among Italian men
Authors: Shivappa Nitin , Bosetti Cristina , Zucchetto Antonella , Montella Maurizio , Serraino Diego , La Vecchia Carlo , Hébert James R. 
Published: November 2014

Previous studies have shown that various dietary components may be implicated in the aetiology of prostate cancer, although the results remain equivocal. The possible relationship of inflammation derived from dietary exposures with prostate cancer risk has not been investigated. We examined the ability of a newly developed dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict prostate cancer risk in a case–control study conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2002. A total of 1294 patients aged < 75 years with incident, histologically confirmed carcinoma of the prostate served as cases. A total of 1451 subjects aged < 75 years who were admitted to the same hospitals as cases for a wide spectrum of acute, non-neoplastic conditions served as controls. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a previously validated seventy-eight-item FFQ. Logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable OR adjusted for age, study centre, years of education, social class, BMI, smoking status, family history of prostate cancer and total energy intake. Men with higher DII scores had a higher risk of prostate cancer when analysed using the DII as both continuous (OR 1·06, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·13) and categorical, i.e. compared with men in the lowest quartile of the DII, men in the third and fourth quartiles were at elevated risk (ORQuartile 3 v. 1 1·32, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·69 and ORQuartile 4 v. 1 1·33, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·76; Ptrend= 0·04). These data suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by the increasing DII score, is a risk factor of prostate cancer in Italian men.
Risk factors for recurrence of peritonsillar abscess
Authors: Chung J H , Lee Y C , Shin S Y , Eun Y G 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground:Additional high-quality evidence for predictors of peritonsillar abscess recurrence could lead to better-informed treatment decisions regarding tonsillectomy.Methods:In this study, 172 patients, who had been diagnosed and treated for peritonsillar abscess, were evaluated at follow up. A retrospective review of medical records and a telephone survey were performed. The clinical characteristics analysed included underlying disease, laboratory findings and computed tomography findings. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify risk factors for peritonsillar abscess recurrence.Results:The recurrence rate of peritonsillar abscess was 13.9 per cent. Univariate analysis indicated that extraperitonsillar spread of the abscess (beyond the peritonsillar area) on computed tomography and a history of recurrent tonsillitis were associated with recurrence. Multivariate analysis also indicated that extraperitonsillar spread (p = 0.007; hazard ratio = 3.399) and recurrent tonsillitis history (p < 0.001; hazard ratio = 11.953) were significant risk factors for recurrence.Conclusion:Our results suggest that tonsillectomy may be indicated as a treatment for peritonsillar abscess in patients with a history of recurrent tonsillitis or extraperitonsillar spread on computed tomography.