bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdependence between Inventory Management and Employees’ Satisfaction
Authors: Tomašić Dubravko , Peraković Dragan , Jurčević Marinko 
Published: June 2013

The study determines the correlation between the application of advanced models and methods of inventory optimisation in the supply chain in relation to the satisfaction of employees who are responsible for managing the inventory optimisation processes. The previous studies confirm that the optimisation of inventory management in the supply chain insures competitive advantages on the market. There is space for further research of impact of the achieved inventory optimisation in the supply chain on the change of the employees’ satisfaction. The paper establishes the interrelation of the interdependence of the achieved inventory optimisations on the satisfaction of the employees and the related synergy effects of acquiring added value of the companies on the market oriented to the satisfaction of the buyers and service users. The research has defined new knowledge in interdependence of inventory management optimisation on the change of indicators of employees’ satisfaction. Based on the performed research an assumption has been created for the design of an application package (so-called XaaS-based services) for the management of interaction processes of inventory optimization in the supply chain, satisfaction of service users and employees.
Independent Directors with Industrial Expertise, Audit Complexity, and Audit Fee
Authors: Zhao Ziye , Zhou Jing 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the impact of independent directors with industrial expertise on the association between audit complexity and audit fee. About 50 per cent of China’s listed companies hire industry experts as independent directors. We find that the association between audit complexity and audit fee is stronger in firms that have independent directors with industrial expertise than in firms that do not. Furthermore, the impact of independent directors with industrial expertise is more pronounced for firms audited by the Big Four audit firms. The results suggest that the existence of independent directors with industrial expertise stimulates auditors’ awareness of the business risk of their clients, which may help auditors detect clients’ opportunistic behaviour in a complex business environment.
Short Review: Mitigation of Current Environmental Concerns from Methanol Synthesis
Authors: Young Andrew , Lesmana Donny , Dai Der-Jong , Wu Ho-Shing 
Published: June 2013

Methanol has become a widely used and globally distributed product. Methanol is very important due to the current depletion of fossil fuels. Industrially, methanol produced from the catalytic reaction of synthetic gas composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Methanol production has brought great attention due to carbon dioxide as the main source of greenhouse gas emissions. Combined of reducing CO2 emissions and supplying an alternative fuel source has created the idea of a carbon neutral cycle called “the methanol economy”. The best catalyst for the methanol economy would show a high CO2 conversion and high selectivity for methanol production. This paper investigates research focused on catalyst development for efficient methanol synthesis from hydrogenation of carbon dioxide through added various supports and additives such as silica, zirconium, and palladium. Catalysts that displayed the highest activity included a zirconia and silicon-titanium oxide promoted Cu/Zn/Al2O3 catalyst. Alternative method of catalyst preparation, include the oxalate-gel, solid-state reaction, co-precipitation and combustion method also investigated. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Characterization of Industrial Pt-Sn/Al2O3 Catalyst and Transient Product Formations during Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Ho Kah Sing , Chye Joanna Jo Ean , Chin Sim Yee , Cheng Chin Kui 
Published: June 2013

The major problem plaguing propane dehydrogenation process is the coke formation on the Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalyst which leads to catalyst deactivation. Due to information paucity, the physicochemical characteristics of the commercially obtained regenerated Pt-Sn/Al2O3 catalyst (operated in moving bed reactor) and coke formation at different temperatures of reaction were discussed. The physicochemical characterization of regenerated catalyst gave a BET surface area of 104.0 m2/g with graphitic carbon content of 8.0% indicative of incomplete carbon gasification during the industrial propylene production. Effect of temperatures on coke formation was identified by studying the product yield via temperature-programmed reaction carried out at 500oC, 600oC and 700oC. It was found that ethylene was precursor to carbon laydown while propylene tends to crack into methane. Post reaction, the spent catalyst possessed relatively lower surface area and pore radius whilst exhibited higher carbon content (31.80% at 700oC) compared to the regenerated catalyst. Significantly, current studies also found that higher reaction temperatures favoured the coke formation. Consequently, the propylene yield has decreased with reaction temperature. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)Corrigendum/Erratum of this article at: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.9.2.7136.155
Model‐Independent and Model‐Based Methods to Assess Drug–Drug Interactions for Therapeutic Proteins
Authors: Wu Di , Barrett Jeffrey S. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Model‐independent and model‐dependent approaches are the two main methodsused to evaluate drug–drug interaction (DDI) between a therapeutic protein (TP) and a small‐molecule drug as well as between two TPs, and to predict DDI in different scenarios within model defined populations and scopes. This chapter provides an overview of these approaches.
The Cocktail Approach and Its Utility in Drug–Drug Interaction Assessments for Therapeutic Proteins
Authors: Jetter Alexander , Fuhr Uwe 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates that the cocktail approach is suitable for the study of interactions between therapeutic proteins and drugs in humans—namely for the study of the effect of therapeutic proteins on cytochrome P450 enzyme activities.This is the area in which the FDA's current draft guideline on drug interaction studies recommends the use of cocktail phenotyping studies as an alternative to individual therapeutic protein–drug interaction studies.
Logistic Considerations in Study Design for Biologic Drug–Drug Interaction Assessments
Authors: Zhu Min , Sun Yu‐Nien (Tom) 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Due to the unique characteristics of biologics in pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity, some design parameters of therapeutic protein (TP)–drug interaction studies are different from those for small molecules. A risk‐based drug–drug interaction assessment strategy for TPs should be implemented according to its risk factors, and appropriate study designs should be selected. The challenges and logistic considerations in study designs for TP–drug interactions are discussed in this chapter.
Monographs for Drug‐Drug Interactions of Therapeutics Biologics
Authors: Leu Jocelyn , Kasek Simone , Li Christine , Limothai Wararat , Madhura Dora Babu , Rathi Chetan , Rawal Sumit , Ryman Josiah , Thomson Margaret , Trivedi Ashit , Zhou Honghui , Meibohm Bernd 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This article presents a compilation of drug‐drug interaction monographs involving therapeutic biologics. These include important “theoretical” drug‐drug interactions along with well‐established plausible mechanisms. These monographs are intended to provide for readers a guide to what might be encountered as potential therapeutic biologic‐drug interactions in clinical development programs and applied pharmacotherapy.
Chitosan‐Based Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Koo Heebeom , Choi Kuiwon , Kwon Ick Chan , Kim Kwangmeyung 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This chapter focuses on chitosan‐based nanoparticles for imaging and drug/gene delivery. Many studies on chitosan nanoparticles are introduced, which evaluate biological effects in living systems such as cultured cells or animal models. Furthermore, important considerations in developing chitosan‐based nanoparticles for diagnosis and therapy of diseases are discussed.
Nanocrystals Production, Characterization, and Application for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Hollis Christin P. , Li Tonglei 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe delivery of synthesized drugs exhibiting poor solubility in water is extremely difficult, limiting bioavailability and causing adverse effects when solubilized. A need was determined for developing a formulation to deliver poorly water‐soluble drugs without indiscriminately reaching healthy organs and tissues. Therefore, nanocrystal formulations have been a significant focus for delivering poorly water‐soluble drugs via oral, paraenteral, and alternative routes. Using nanocrystal formulations avoids potential side effects and instability related to many existing delivery systems. Currently, few cancer therapy products are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in which poorly soluble drugs are formulated by nanoparticles. In this chapter, the production of nanocrystals of pharmaceutical organic compounds is reviewed. Thereafter, the chapter will focus on the application of nanocrystals for cancer therapy.
Improved Graphitic Structure of Continuous Carbon Nanofibers via Graphene Oxide Templating
Authors: Papkov Dimitry , Goponenko Alexander , Compton Owen C. , An Zhi , Moravsky Alexander , Li Xing‐Zhong , Nguyen SonBinh T. , Dzenis Yuris A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractContinuous carbon nanofibers (CNF) present an attractive building block for a variety of multifunctional materials and devices. However, the carbonization of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) precursors usually results in CNFs with poor graphitic structure and, consequently, modest/non‐optimized properties. This paper reports that the graphitic structure of CNFs can be improved with an addition of a small amount of graphene oxide into PAN prior to processing. Continuous CNFs with 1.4 wt% of graphene oxide nanoparticles are prepared from PAN solutions by electrospinning, stabilized, and carbonized at 800 °C, 1200 °C, and 1850 °C. While the as‐prepared graphene oxide‐filled PAN nanofibers exhibit a considerable reduction in polymer crystallinity, Raman analysis of the carbonized nanofibers shows that both templating with graphene oxide and increasing the carbonization temperature significantly improve the graphitic order in CNFs. The effect of graphene oxide is more significant at higher carbonization temperatures. Selected area electron diffraction analysis of individual nanofibers reveals increased graphitic order and preferred orientation both in the vicinity of visible graphene oxide nanoparticles and in the regions where nanoparticles were not visible. These results indicate a possibility of global templating in CNFs, where the addition of a small amount of graphene oxide nanoparticles can template the formation of good, preferentially oriented graphitic crystallites in CNFs, leading to improved structure and mechanical and transport properties.
Behavior comparison for biomass observers in batch processes
Authors: Amicarelli Adriana , Quintero Olga , di Sciascio Fernando 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTOn‐line estimation of biomass concentration in batch biotechnological processes is an active area of research because normally, the biomass is the desired process product output, and also because it is necessary for control purposes to replace the unavailable biomass concentration measurements with reliable and robust on‐line estimations. This work presents five different alternatives to face the problem of biomass estimation in a particular batch bioprocess (δ‐endotoxins production of Bacillus thuringiensis), namely: a phenomenological estimator based on dissolved oxygen balance, an extended Kalman filter estimator, a Gaussian process regression‐based estimator, an artificial neural networks‐based estimator, and finally, an estimator based on information fusion by a decentralized Kalman filter. Each proposed biomass estimation method has its own advantages and drawbacks according to their ability to take into account the model uncertainties and the measurement errors. First, the design techniques of these five biomass estimators are exposed, and finally, the behavior of each estimation method is compared. The availability of efficient biomass estimators is of great importance for engineers because, on the one hand, it allows developing new control strategies for other bioprocess variables such as for instance: the growth rate of the microorganism, the dissolved oxygen concentration, and so on. On the other hand, it is also important to improve the performance of the bioprocess optimization procedure. This work also aims to show the evolution on biomass estimation techniques from classical to more contemporary approaches, such as the design based on neural networks and Gaussian processes regression. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐phase flow patterns in large diameter vertical pipes
Authors: Ali Shazia F. , Yeung Hoi 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAn experimental investigation of adiabatic upward co‐current air–water two‐phase flow has been carried out to determine the flow patterns in a 12.2=m‐high and 250=mm nominal diameter vertical pipe. The visual observations of flow patterns were supplemented by statistical analysis of the time‐averaged void fraction determined by pressure drop method. Four flow patterns were identified in the vertical test section, namely dispersed bubbly, bubbly, agitated bubblyand churn/forth flow within the experimental superficial velocity range ( ja = 0.18–2.2 m/s and jw = 0.18–1.2 m/s). Conventional slug flow consisting of smooth bullet‐shaped bubbles (Taylor bubble) and liquid slugs was never observed; instead, agitated bubbly flow was the most dominant flow pattern in relevant superficial velocity range. On the basis of the visual and statistically extracted information, a flow pattern map was developed and compared with the existing flow pattern maps. Available flow regime transition models compared against the present experimental data yielded poor agreement with none of the existing models predicting the transitions as a whole. A satisfactory agreement was obtained with other large diameter studies with inconsistencies mainly attributable to confusion in the identification of the flow patterns. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Lipidomic Study of Phospholipid Classes and Species in Human Synovial Fluid
Authors: Kosinska Marta Krystyna , Liebisch Gerhard , Lochnit Guenter , Wilhelm Jochen , Klein Heiko , Kaesser Ulrich , Lasczkowski Gabriele , Rickert Markus , Schmitz Gerd , Steinmeyer Juergen 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveMembrane phospholipid species contribute to boundary lubrication that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). Altered levels of lubricants can be associated with increased friction, leading to articular cartilage damage. This study was undertaken to determine whether the composition of phospholipid species is altered in diseases of human knee joints.MethodsThe study was performed using SF from unaffected controls and patients with early osteoarthritis (OA), late OA, or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Lipids were extracted from cell‐ and vesicle‐free SF from 9 control donors postmortem and from 17 patients with early OA, 13 patients with late OA, and 18 patients with RA. Phospholipid species were quantified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsWe conducted lipidomic analysis to provide the first detailed overview of phospholipid species in human SF. We identified 130 lipid species belonging to 8 lipid classes (phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, plasmalogens, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingomyelin, and ceramide). Compared to SF from controls, SF from patients with early OA and those with late OA had higher levels of most phospholipid species. Moreover, the concentrations of 64 and 27 phospholipids differed between RA and early OA SF and between RA and late OA SF, respectively. Also, the levels of 66 phospholipid species were altered in early OA versus late OA.ConclusionOur data indicate disease‐ and stage‐dependent differences in the relative composition and levels of phospholipid species in human SF. Such alterations might affect articular joint lubrication. Because certain phospholipids scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are pro‐ or antiinflammatory, any altered phospholipid level might influence ROS‐scavenging activity of SF and the inflammatory status of joints. Thus, phospholipids may be associated with the pathogenesis of OA.
Wnt Inhibitory Factor 1 Deficiency Uncouples Cartilage and Bone Destruction in Tumor Necrosis Factor α–Mediated Experimental Arthritis
Authors: Stock Michael , Böhm Christina , Scholtysek Carina , Englbrecht Matthias , Fürnrohr Barbara G. , Klinger Patricia , Gelse Kolja , Gayetskyy Svitlana , Engelke Klaus , Billmeier Ulrike , Wirtz Stefan , van den Berg Wim , Schett Georg 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveWnt signaling plays a pivotal role in skeletal development and in the control of cartilage and bone turnover. We have recently shown that the secreted Wnt antagonist Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF‐1) is mainly expressed in the upper layers of epiphyseal and articular cartilage and, to a lesser extent, in bone. Nevertheless, WIF‐1−/− mice develop normally. In light of these findings, we undertook this study to analyze the role of WIF‐1 in arthritis.MethodsExpression analyses for WIF‐1 were performed by real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). WIF‐1−/− and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–transgenic mice were crossbred, and the progression of arthritis in TNF‐transgenic WIF‐1−/− mice and littermate controls was evaluated. Structural joint damage was analyzed by histologic staining, histomorphometry, and micro–computed tomography. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling was investigated by real‐time RT‐PCR and immunofluorescence on primary chondrocytes.ResultsWIF‐1 expression was repressed by TNFα in chondrocytes and osteoblasts and down‐regulated in experimental arthritis and in articular cartilage from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. WIF‐1 deficiency partially protected TNF‐transgenic mice against bone erosion and loss of trabecular bone, probably as a result of less osteoclast activity. In contrast, arthritis‐related cartilage damage was aggravated by WIF‐1 deficiency, while overexpression of WIF‐1 attenuated cartilage degradation in TNF‐transgenic mice. In chondrocytes, TNFα stimulated canonical Wnt signaling, which could be blocked by WIF‐1, indicating a direct effect of TNFα and WIF‐1 on Wnt signaling in this system.ConclusionThese data suggest that WIF‐1 may take part in the fine‐tuning of cartilage and bone turnover, promoting the balance of cartilage versus bone anabolism.
Mechanistic Study of the Rhodium‐Catalyzed [3+2+2] Carbocyclization of Alkenylidenecyclopropanes with Alkynes
Authors: Yu Haizhu , Lu Qianqian , Dang Zhimin , Fu Yao 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA systematic theoretical study has been performed on the recently reported RhI‐catalyzed [3+2+2] carbocyclization reactions between alkenylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) and alkynes. With the aid of theoretical calculations, two possible mechanisms, that is, alkene‐carbometalation‐first and alkyne‐carbometalation‐first mechanisms, are examined in this study. In the oxidative addition step, the possibility of reaction on either the distal or proximal CC bond of the cyclopropane group has been evaluated. The calculations indicate that the alkene‐activation‐first mechanism is more favored for the overall catalytic cycle. This mechanism involves four steps, that is, oxidative addition of the distal (rather than the proximal) CC bond of cyclopropane group, alkene carbometalation, alkyne carbometalation, and reductive elimination. The rate‐determining step in the overall catalytic cycle is the carbometalation of the alkyne (i.e., the alkyne‐insertion step) and this step also determines the regioselectivity. Finally, the origin of the regioselectivity is determined by the steric effect (i.e., the steric crowding between the electron‐withdrawing group on alkyne and other ligands on the rhodium center) in the alkyne‐insertion step.
Discrimination between two rice metallothionein isoforms belonging to type 1 and type 4 in metal‐binding ability
Authors: Nezhad Rezvan Mohammadi , Shahpiri Azar , Mirlohi Aghafakhr 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMetallothioneins (MTs) are a superfamily of low‐molecular‐weight, cysteine (Cys)‐rich proteins that are believed to play important roles in protection against metal toxicity and oxidative stress. Plants have several MT isoforms, which are classified into four types based on the arrangement of Cys residues. In this study, two rice (Oryza sativa) MT isoforms, OsMTI‐1b and OsMTII‐1a from type 1 and type 4, respectively, were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as carboxy‐terminal extensions of glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST). Transformed cells expressing GST–OsMTI‐1b showed increased tolerance to Ni2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ and accumulated more metal ions compared with cells expressing GST alone. However, heterologous expression of GST–OsMTII‐1a had no significant effects on metal tolerance or ion accumulation. The UV absorption spectra and competitive reactions of in vitro Cd‐incubated proteins with 5‐5′‐dithiobis(2‐nitrobenzoic) acid revealed that GST–OsMTI‐1b, but not GST–OsMTII‐1a, is able to form Cd‐thiolate clusters. Furthermore, heterologous expression of both GST–OsMTI‐1b and GST–OsMTII‐1a conferred H2O2 tolerance to E. coli cells. Taken together, the results presented here show that two different rice MT isoforms belonging to type 1 and type 4 differ in Ni2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ binding abilities, but they may have overlapping function in protection of cells against oxidative stress.
The combination of DHEA, histamine, and insulin increases adipogenic differentiation and enhances tissue transplantation outcome in mice
Authors: Park Yoorim , Jung Min Kyung , Yoon Sun Young , Lee Ha‐Reum , Hur Dae Young , Kim Daejin , Yang Yoolhee , Kim Tae Sung , Kim Seonghan , Yoon Suk Ran , Park Hyun Jeong , Bang Sa Ik , Cho Dae Ho 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAdipose stem cells (ASCs) are pluripotent cells that can generate pure fat tissue for regeneration. Differentiated adipose cells have been generated by a common inducer cocktail composed of dexamethasone, insulin, and isobutylmethylxanthine (DIM). The major drawbacks of adipose cells are their tendency to float on the culture media and their cost. To overcome some of these disadvantages, a new inducer cocktail that includes insulin, dehydroepiandrosterone, and histamine (DHIH) was tested. As a result, lipid accumulation was elevated more than twofold with DHIH than with DIM. Cell adhesion and viability, which are important factors for stable differentiation, were increased with DHIH and were proven through measurement of mRNA expression levels of adhesion marker genes, N‐cadherin and vascular cell adhesion molecule, as well as through an alamar blue assay. The expression of adipogenesis‐related genes, adiponectin, and glucose transporter type 4 lasted for a long time. To improve the efficiency of grafting, cell adhesion and neovascularization need to be increased. Neovascularization was observed around the transplanted adipose cells, which showed a higher number of vessel formation in DHIH than in DIM. The above results suggest that DHIH can produce pure differentiated adipose cells effectively and enhance their adhesion onto the target location when these differentiated adipose cells were applied as a clinical resource.