bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infants’ discrimination of female singing voices
Authors: Costa-Giomi Eugenia , Davila Yvonne 
Published: October 2013

There’s extensive research on infant’s discrimination of speaking voices but few studies have focused on infant’s discrimination of singing voices. Most investigations on infants’ perception of timbre in music have been based on instrumental sounds. We completed an experiment with 7- and 13-month-olds ( n = 16 and n = 17 respectively) to answer two basic questions: Can infants discriminate melodies sung by the same woman? Can they discriminate the voices of women singing the same melody? We found that infants did not discriminate between the voices and that only the older infants discriminated between two melodies sung by the same woman. In other words, older infants discriminated the melodies but not the voices, and younger infants discriminated neither. The results of the present study question the assumption that infants discriminate singing voices and suggest that there may be critical differences in how infants perceive the timbre of voices in music and language contexts.
Do breast cancer risk factors differ among those who do and do not undertake mammography screening?
Authors: Beckmann Kerri R , Roder David M , Hiller Janet E , Farshid Gelareh , Lynch John W 
Published: October 2013

Objectives There is considerable interest in whether mammography screening leads to over-diagnosis of breast cancer. However self-selection into screening programmes may lead to risk differences that affect estimates of over-diagnosis. This study compares the breast cancer risk profiles of participants and non-participants of population-based mammography screening. Risk profiles are also compared between those who have and have not used private screening services. Setting This study involved 1162 women aged 40–84 who participated in the 2012 Health Omnibus, an annual face-to-face interview-based survey of a representative sample of the population in the state of South Australia. Methods Data were collected on participation in mammography screening, demographic characteristics and breast cancer risk factors (including reproductive, familial and lifestyle factors). Missing data were multiply imputed. Factors independently associated with ever having been screened were identified using multivariable logistic regression, for population-based and ad hoc, private mammography screening separately. Results Compared with non-participants, participants of population-based screening were more likely to have used hormone replacement therapy (odds ratio [OR] = 3.72), experienced breast biopsy or surgery (OR = 2.22), and be overweight or obese (OR = 1.57). They were less likely to be sufficiently active (OR = 0.57) or be born in a non-English speaking country (OR = 0.50) or aged under 50 (OR = 0.09). Women who were screened privately were more likely to have a family history of breast cancer (OR = 1.66) and have experienced breast biopsy or surgery (OR = 3.17) than those who had not. Conclusions South Australian women who participated in the population-based mammography screening have a slightly higher prevalence of breast cancer risk factors. This also applies to those who undertook private screening.
Characteristics and well-being of informal caregivers: Results from a nationally-representative US survey
Authors: Trivedi Ranak , Beaver Kristine , Bouldin Erin D , Eugenio Evercita , Zeliadt Steven B , Nelson Karin , Rosland Ann-Marie , Szarka Jackie G , Piette John D 
Published: October 2013

Objectives Given ongoing concerns about high levels of burden reported among some informal caregivers, the goal of this study was to characterize their sociodemographics, health, and well-being. Methods Using cross-sectional data from a large nationally representative survey in the United States ( N = 438,712) we identified adults who provided informal care to friends or family members with a health problem, long-term illness, or disability. Descriptive statistics and propensity matching were used to characterize caregivers and compare their health and social support to sociodemographically-similar adults who were not caregivers. Logistic regression models examined associations between caregiving and respondents’ mental health, general health, perceived social support, and sleep problems. Results A total of 111,156 (25.3%) participants reported being caregivers, most of whom reported good mental health (90%) good general health (83%), and adequate social support (77%). After adjusting for respondents’ gender, caregivers reported worse mental health than non-caregivers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31–1.39 for >15 days poor mental health in the past month) but better general health (OR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.94–0.98 for fair or poor health). Men caregivers reported somewhat worse overall health than non-caregivers (OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.05–1.13) whereas women reported better overall health. Discussion Although reporting good overall well-being, caregivers remain vulnerable for worse outcomes than non-caregivers. Caregiving is associated with poor mental health, and may have additional impacts on the physical health of caregiving men.
Biogenesis of the demarcation membrane system (DMS) in megakaryocytes
Authors: Eckly Anita , Heijnen Harry , Pertuy Fabien , Geerts Willie , Proamer Fabienne , Rinckel Jean-Yves , Léon Catherine , Lanza François , Gachet Christian 
Published: October 2013

Key Points
Using state-of-the-art three-dimensional electron microscopy approaches, we show that the onset of the DMS formation is at the megakaryocyte plasma membrane. A pre-DMS structure is formed in the perinuclear region, through a PM invagination process that resembles cleavage furrow formation.
Comparison of the performance of carcinogenic HPV typing of the Roche Linear Array and Qiagen LiquiChip® HPV assays
Authors: Halfon Philippe , Sandri Maria Teresa , Raimondo Audrey , Ravet Sophie , Khiri Hacène , Sideri Mario , Penaranda Guillaume , Camus Claire , Mateos Lindemann Maria Luisa 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Cervical cancer is caused by high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). DNA testing of such high-risk types of HPV could improve cervical screening.The aim of the study was to compare the sensitivities and positive predictive values of two commercially available typing assays (Qiagen LQ and Roche LA) and to comparatively assess the distribution of HPV types with these two assays.

Methods
The study population comprised 311 ASCUS + women with abnormal pap tests who were HCII positive and who were admitted to three European referral gynecology clinics between 2007 and 2010 (Madrid, Marseille and Milan). All patients underwent LQ and LA tests.

Results
The sensitivity of the two assays for HPV typing was 94% for LQ and 99% for LA (compared with HCII). The overall concordance between LQ and LA was 93%. The three prevalent genotypes, HPV16, HPV18, and HPV31, were identified with a high concordance using the two assays: kappa 0.93, 0.83, and 0.91, respectively. Mixed genotypes were more frequently detected by LA than by LQ: 52% vs. 18%, respectively (p < .0001).

Conclusions
These assays have a good clinical sensitivity for detecting HPV types in CIN2+ patients and allow the virus type to be detected in the same experiment. Our study revealed no significant difference between LQ and LA for CIN2+ or CIN3+ diagnosis, indicating similar distributions of HPV types and a mixed genotype detection that is higher for LA than for LQ.
Perceptions and use of the national kidney foundation KDOQI guidelines: a survey of U.S. renal healthcare providers
Authors: Estrella Michelle M , Jaar Bernard G , Cavanaugh Kerri L , Fox Chester H , Perazella Mark A , Soman Sandeep S , Howell Emily , Rocco Michael V , Choi Michael J 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) developed guidelines to care for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). While these are disseminated through the NKF’s website and publications, the guidelines’ usage remains suboptimal. The KDOQI Educational Committee was formed to identify barriers to guideline implementation, determine provider and patient educational needs and develop tools to improve care of patients with CKD.

Methods
An online survey was conducted from May to September 2010 to evaluate renal providers’ familiarity, current use of and attitudes toward the guidelines and tools to implement the guidelines.

Results
Most responders reported using the guidelines often and felt that they could be easily implemented into clinical practice; however, approximately one-half identified at least one barrier. Physicians and physician extenders most commonly cited the lack of evidence supporting KDOQI guidelines while allied health professionals most commonly listed patient non-adherence, unrealistic guideline goals and provider time-constraints. Providers thought that the guidelines included too much detail and identified the lack of a quick resource as a barrier to clinical implementation. Most were unaware of the Clinical Action Plans.

Conclusions
Perceived barriers differed between renal clinicians and allied health professionals; educational and implementation tools tailored for different providers are needed.
Dosage strength is associated with medication persistence with Ginkgo biloba drug products: a cohort study of ambulatory drug claims data in Germany
Authors: Czeche Sittah , Schüssel Katrin , Franzmann Alexandra , Burkart Martin , Schulz Martin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundGinkgo bilobadrugs (Gb) are reimbursed within the German statutory health insurance (SHI) scheme for treatment of dementia. In 2008, a novel Gb product containing 240 mg Ginkgo extract EGb761®per tablet was introduced aiming to facilitate medication use by incorporating the recommended daily dose in one single tablet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dosage strength and persistence in a representative population of patients treated with Gb.MethodsRetrospective cohort study in ambulatory drug claims database within the German SHI system. Persistence was defined as continuous treatment with an allowable gap of 20% between refills. Multivariate regression models were conducted to identify variables associated with persistence.ResultsAmong 13,810 patients initiating treatment with Gb in 2008, 430 (3.1%) received a dosage strength of 240 mg, 7,070 (51.2%) a dosage strength of 120 mg and 6,310 (45.7%) dosage strengths containing less than 120 mg Gb per tablet. After 6 months, persistence was highest for patients treated with the 240 mg dosage form (22.8% of patients), although persistence was low in general (5.7% and 0% of patients treated with 120 mg and less than 120 mg, respectively). Risk for non-persistence was reduced in patients receiving 240 mg products compared to 120 mg (HR = 0.63; 95%CI 0.57 – 0.70).ConclusionsPatients initially treated with Gb 240 mg were more persistent compared to those receiving lower dosage strengths. Nevertheless, persistence with Gb therapy is generally low and should be improved in order to better realize therapeutic effects.
Research priorities for child and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviours: an international perspective using a twin-panel Delphi procedure
Authors: Gillis Lauren , Tomkinson Grant , Olds Timothy , Moreira Carla , Christie Candice , Nigg Claudio , Cerin Ester , Van Sluijs Esther , Stratton Gareth , Janssen Ian , Dorovolomo Jeremy , Reilly John J , Mota Jorge , Zayed Kashef , Kawalski Kent , Andersen Lars Bo , Carrizosa Manuel , Tremblay Mark , Chia Michael , Hamlin Mike , Thomas Non Eleri , Maddison Ralph , Biddle Stuart , Gorely Trish , Onywera Vincent , Van Mechelen Willem 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The quantity and quality of studies in child and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour have rapidly increased, but research directions are often pursued in a reactive and uncoordinated manner.

Aim
To arrive at an international consensus on research priorities in the area of child and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour.

Methods
Two independent panels, each consisting of 12 experts, undertook three rounds of a Delphi methodology. The Delphi methodology required experts to anonymously answer questions put forward by the researchers with feedback provided between each round.

Results
The primary outcome of the study was a ranked set of 29 research priorities that aimed to be applicable for the next 10 years. The top three ranked priorities were: developing effective and sustainable interventions to increase children’s physical activity long-term; policy and/or environmental change and their influence on children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour; and prospective, longitudinal studies of the independent effects of physical activity and sedentary behaviour on health.

Conclusions
These research priorities can help to guide decisions on future research directions.
Proton pump inhibitor chemosensitization in human osteosarcoma: from the bench to the patients’ bed
Authors: Ferrari Stefano , Perut Francesca , Fagioli Franca , Brach Del Prever Adalberto , Meazza Cristina , Parafioriti Antonina , Picci Piero , Gambarotti Marco , Avnet Sofia , Baldini Nicola , Fais Stefano 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Major goals in translational oncology are to reduce systemic toxicity of current anticancer strategies and improve effectiveness. An extremely efficient cancer cell mechanism to avoid and/or reduce the effects of highly cytotoxic drugs is the establishment of an acidic microenvironment, an hallmark of all malignant tumors. The H + −rich milieu that anticancer drugs meet once they get inside the tumor leads to their protonation and neutralization, therefore hindering their access into tumor cells. We have previously shown that proton pump inhibitors (PPI) may efficiently counterattack this tumor advantage leading to a consistent chemosensitization of tumors. In this study, we investigated the effects of PPI in chemosensitizing osteosarcoma.

Method
MG-63 and Saos-2 cell lines were used as human osteosarcoma models. Cell proliferation after pretreatment with PPI and subsequent treatment with cisplatin was evaluated by using erythrosin B dye vital staining. Tumour growth was evaluated in xenograft treated with cisplatin after PPI pretreatment. Subsequently, a multi-centre historically controlled trial, was performed to evaluate the activity of a pre-treatment administration of PPIs as chemosensitizers during neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on methotrexate, cisplatin, and adriamycin.

Results
Preclinical experiments showed that PPI sensitize both human osteosarcoma cell lines and xenografts to cisplatin. A clinical study subsequently showed that pretreatment with PPI drug esomeprazole leads to an increase in the local effect of chemotherapy, as expressed by percentage of tumor necrosis. This was particularly evident in chondroblastic osteosarcoma, an histological subtype that normally shows a poor histological response. Notably, no significant increase in toxicity was recorded in PPI treated patients.

Conclusion
This study provides the first evidence that PPI may be beneficially added to standard regimens in combination to conventional chemotherapy.
New insights into inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication through mutant tRNALys3
Authors: Wu Chengxiang , Nerurkar Vivek R , Lu Yuanan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Host cellular tRNALys3 is exclusively utilized by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as a primer for the replication step of reverse transcription (RTion). Consequently, the priming step of HIV-1 RT constitutes a potential target for anti-HIV-1 intervention. Previous studies indicated that a mutant tRNALys3 with 7-nucleotide substitutions in the 3′ terminus resulted in aberrant HIV-1 RTion from the trans-activation response region (TAR) and inhibition of HIV-1 replication. However, the mutant tRNALys3 also directed HIV-1 RTion from the normal primer-binding site (PBS) with potentially weakened anti-HIV-1 activity. To achieve improved targeting of HIV-1 RTion at sites not including the PBS, a series of mutant tRNALys3 with extended lengths of mutations containing up to 18 bases complementary to their targeting sites were constructed and characterized.

Results
A positive correlation between the length of mutation in the 3′ PBS-binding region of tRNALys3 and the specificity of HIV-1 RTion initiation from the targeting site was demonstrated, as indicated by the potency of HIV-1 inhibition and results of priming assays. Moreover, two mutant tRNALys3s that targeted the IN-encoding region and Env gene, respectively, both showed a high anti-HIV-1 activity, suggesting that not only the TAR, but also distant sites downstream of the PBS could be effectively targeted by mutant tRNALys3. To increase the expression of mutant tRNALys3, multiple-copy expression cassettes were introduced into target cells with increased anti-HIV-1 potency.

Conclusions
These results highlight the importance of the length of complementarity between the 3′ terminus of the mutant tRNALys3 and its target site, and the feasibility of targeting multiple sites within the HIV-1 genome through mutant tRNALys3. Intervention of the HIV-1 genome conversion through mutant tRNALys3 may constitute an effective approach for development of novel therapeutics against HIV-1 replication and HIV-1-associated diseases.
Genetic diversity of the highly variable V1 region interferes with Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 envelope functionality
Authors: Hamoudi Meriem , Simon-Loriere Etienne , Gasser Romain , Negroni Matteo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The HIV envelope (Env) promotes viral entry in the host cell. During this process, Env undergoes several conformational changes to ensure its function. At the same time, the gp120 component of Env is the protein of the virus presenting the largest genetic diversity. Understanding how the virus maintains the balance between the competing requirements for maintenance of functionality and antigenic variation of this protein is central for the comprehension of its strategies of evolution and can highlight vulnerable aspects of its replication cycle. We focused on the variable domains V1 and V2 of the HIV-1 gp120 that are involved in conformational changes and are critical for viral escape from antibody neutralization.

Results
Despite the extensive sequence diversity found in the epidemic for these regions and their location on the external face of the protein, we observed that replacing V1V2 of one primary isolate with that of another severely interferes with Env functionality in more than half of the cases studied. Similar results were obtained for intra- and intersubtype chimeras. These observations are indicative of an interference of genetic diversity in these regions with Env functionality. Therefore, despite the extensive sequence diversity that characterizes these regions in the epidemic, our results show that functional constraints seem to limit their genetic variation. Defects in the V1V2 chimeras were not relieved by the insertion of the V3 region from the same isolate, suggesting that the decrease in functionality is not due to perturbation of potential coevolution networks between V1V2 and V3. Within the V1V2 domain, the sequence of the hypervariable loop of the V1 domain seems to be crucial for the functionality of the protein.

Conclusions
Besides the well-documented role of V1V2 in the interplay with the immune response, this work shows that V1 is also involved in the selection of functional envelopes. By documenting a compromise between the opposing forces of sequence diversification and retention of functionality, these observations improve our understanding of the evolutionary trajectories of the HIV-1 envelope gene.
T cell response specificity and magnitude against SIVmac239 are not concordant in major histocompatibility complex-matched animals
Authors: Cain Brian T , Pham Ngoc H , Budde Melisa L , Greene Justin M , Weinfurter Jason T , Scarlotta Matthew , Harris Max , Chin Emily , O’Connor Shelby L , Friedrich Thomas C , O’Connor David H 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
CD8+ T cell responses, restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, are critical to controlling human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication. Previous studies have used MHC-matched siblings and monozygotic twins to evaluate genetic and stochastic influences on HIV-specific T cell responses and viral evolution. Here we used a genetically restricted population of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM) to characterize T cell responses within nine pairs of MHC-matched animals.

Findings
In MHC-matched animals, there was considerable heterogeneity in the specificity and magnitude of T cell responses detected via individual peptide gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays. These findings were further supported by full proteome pooled peptide matrix ELISPOT data collected from this cohort at 52 weeks post-infection. Interestingly, peptide regions that elicited dominant T cell responses were more commonly shared between MHC-matched MCM than peptide regions that elicited non-dominant T cell responses.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that, while some T cell responses mounted during chronic infection by MHC-matched MCM are similar, the majority of responses are highly variable. Shared responses detected in this study between MHC-matched MCM were directed against epitopes that had previously elicited relatively dominant responses in MCM with the same MHC class I haplotype, suggesting that the factors that influence dominance may influence the reproducibility of responses as well. This may be an important consideration for future T cell-based vaccines aiming to consistently and reproducibly elicit protective T cell responses.