bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating azimuthal stress‐induced P‐wave anisotropy from S‐wave anisotropy using sonic log or vertical seismic profile data
Authors: Collet Olivia , Gurevich Boris , Duncan Guy 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTMost sedimentary rocks are anisotropic, yet it is often difficult to accurately incorporate anisotropy into seismic workflows because analysis of anisotropy requires knowledge of a number of parameters that are difficult to estimate from standard seismic data. In this study, we provide a methodology to infer azimuthal P‐wave anisotropy from S‐wave anisotropy calculated from log or vertical seismic profile data. This methodology involves a number of steps. First, we compute the azimuthal P‐wave anisotropy in the dry medium as a function of the azimuthal S‐wave anisotropy using a rock physics model, which accounts for the stress dependency of seismic wave velocities in dry isotropic elastic media subjected to triaxial compression. Once the P‐wave anisotropy in the dry medium is known, we use the anisotropic Gassmann equations to estimate the anisotropy of the saturated medium. We test this workflow on the log data acquired in the North West Shelf of Australia, where azimuthal anisotropy is likely caused by large differences between minimum and maximum horizontal stresses. The obtained results are compared to azimuthal P‐wave anisotropy obtained via orthorhombic tomography in the same area. In the clean sandstone layers, anisotropy parameters obtained by both methods are fairly consistent. In the shale and shaly sandstone layers, however, there is a significant discrepancy between results since the stress‐induced anisotropy model we use is not applicable to rocks exhibiting intrinsic anisotropy. This methodology could be useful for building the initial anisotropic velocity model for imaging, which is to be refined through migration velocity analysis.
Seismic directional random noise suppression by radial‐trace time–frequency peak filtering using the Hurst exponent statistic
Authors: Zhang Chao , Li Yue , Lin Hongbo , Yang Baojun 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTRadial‐trace time–frequency peak filtering filters a seismic record along the radial‐trace direction rather than the conventional channel direction. It takes the spatial correlation of the reflected events between adjacent channels into account. Thus, radial‐trace time–frequency peak filtering performs well in denoising and enhancing the continuity of reflected events. However, in the seismic record there is often random noise whose energy is concentrated in certain directions; the noise in these directions is correlative. We refer to this kind of random noise (that is distributed randomly in time but correlative in the space) as directional random noise. Under radial‐trace time–frequency peak filtering, the directional random noise will be treated as signal and enhanced when this noise has same direction as the signal. Therefore, we need to identify the directional random noise before the filtering. In this paper, we test the linearity of signal and directional random noise in time using the Hurst exponent. The time series of signals with high linearity lead to large Hurst exponent value; however, directional random noise is a random series in time without a fixed waveform and thus its linearity is low; therefore, we can differentiate the signal and directional random noise by the Hurst exponent values. The directional random noise can then be suppressed by using a long filtering window length during the radial‐trace time–frequency peak filtering. Synthetic and real data examples show that the proposed method can remove most directional random noise and can effectively recover the reflected events.
Soil DNA pyrosequencing and fruitbody surveys reveal contrasting diversity for various fungal ecological guilds in chestnut orchards
Authors: Baptista Paula , Reis Francisca , Pereira Eric , Tavares Rui M. , Santos Pedro M. , Richard Franck , Selosse Marc‐André , Lino‐Neto Teresa 
Published: September 2015

SummaryFungal diversity in Mediterranean forest soils is poorly documented, particularly when considering saprobic and pathogenic organisms. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) methods applied to soil fungi provide the opportunity to unveil the most inconspicuous functional guilds (e.g. saprobes) and life forms (e.g. Corticiaceae) of this tremendous diversity. We used fruitbody surveys over 2 years and soil 454 metabarcoding in Castanea sativa orchards to evaluate respectively the reproductive (fruitbodies) and vegetative (mycelia) parts of fungal communities in three 100‐year‐old stands. Analysis of 839 fruitbodies and 210 291 ITS1 reads revealed high fungal diversity, mainly shown by belowground analysis, with high (dominant) abundance of mycorrhizal fruitbodies and reads. Both methods displayed contrasted composition and structure of fungal communities, with Basidio‐ and Ascomycetes dominating above‐ and belowground, respectively. For the two dominant fungal guilds (i.e. ectomycorrhizal and saprobic), diversity above‐ and belowground overlapped weakly. This study is the first assessment of the complementarity of fruitbody surveys and NGS for analysing fungal diversity in Mediterranean ecosystems and shows that belowground methods still need to be completed by fruiting diversity to provide a comprehensive overview of the different fungal guilds. The results shed light on chestnut soil biodiversity and question the spatial distribution and synergies among fungal guilds.
Community outreach midwifery‐led model improves antenatal access in a disadvantaged population
Authors: Reeve Carole , Banfield Sally , Thomas Amanda , Reeve David , Davis Stephanie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the impact of a new model of antenatal care for women living in a very remote area.DesignThis is a retrospective 2‐year evaluation of antenatal care.Setting and participantsTwo hundred thirteen pregnant women in Aboriginal communities in the Fitzroy Valley of Western Australia participated in this study.InterventionThe implementation of a midwifery‐led interdisciplinary model of antenatal outreach care.Main outcome measuresThe indicators measured were numbers of antenatal visits, their location and quality care indicators (presentation in first trimester, alcohol and smoking, ultrasound and blood‐borne virus screening) and outcome indicators (birth weight, prematurity, in utero deaths and mode of delivery).ResultsThere was an increase in access to antenatal care and improvements in quality‐of‐care indicators. The proportion of visits provided in local Aboriginal communities increased from 10% to 24%. There were statistically significant increases in women presenting in the first trimester (40–58%), screening for alcohol and smoking (48–93%) and having an ultrasound in pregnancy (59–94%). There were no significant improvements in neonatal outcome indicators.ConclusionThere is a large disparity in maternal and child health outcomes between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) and non‐Indigenous Australians thought to be due to decreased access to antenatal care, poorer socioeconomic status and the associated risk factors. The change in model of care resulted in earlier presentation for antenatal care, increased numbers of antenatal visits and increased screening for risk factors. Regular auditing of services enables the identification of opportunity for improvement with the goal of improving health outcomes.
A novel, dual cytokine‐secretion assay for the purification of human Th22 cells that do not co‐produce IL‐17A
Authors: Wawrzyniak M. , Ochsner U. , Wirz O. , Wawrzyniak P. , van de Veen W. , Akdis C. A. , Akdis M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundInterleukin‐22 is produced by certain T helper cells subsets (Th17, Th22) and at lower levels by γ‐δ T cells, NKT and innate lymphoid cells. Th22 cells are unique immune cells that regulate tissue responses by IL‐22 production. The exact discrimination between Th17 cells that co‐produce IL‐22 and single IL‐22‐producing Th22 cells has not been possible until the present study. Isolation of pure Th22 cells without co‐expression of cytokines of other T‐cell subsets is essential to better understand their function in humans. The aim of this study is the isolation and characterization of viable, human IL‐22‐producing CD4+ T cells that do not produce IL‐17A.MethodsIsolation of viable Th22 cells was performed with the combination of two cytokine secretion assays detecting IL‐17A‐ and IL‐22‐producing cells in a single purification step.ResultsThe newly developed cytokine secretion assay consists of anti‐IL‐22 and anti‐IL‐17A catch antibodies, which via biotin–streptavidin interaction are bound to the biotinylated surface of the target cell, and anti‐IL‐22 and IL‐17A detection antibody labelled with a fluorescent dye, which detects cytokines bound to these catch antibodies. A unique population of human Th22 cells, which do not produce IL‐17A, was sorted, and cytokine expression pattern was confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis and ELISA. The presented technique allows the detection and isolation of pure human Th22 cells.ConclusionsThis technique may allow the purification of any single cytokine‐producing cell subset, and the combination of several different cytokine secretion assays can be used to purify and characterize novel and unique cell subsets.
Homozygosity for a factor XII mutation in one female and one male patient with hereditary angio‐oedema
Authors: Grumach A. S. , Stieber C. , Veronez C. L. , Cagini N. , Constantino‐Silva R. N. , Cordeiro E. , Nöthen M. M. , Pesquero J. B. , Cichon S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHereditary angio‐oedema (HAE) with normal C1 inhibitor is associated with heterozygous mutations in the factor XII gene (FXII‐HAE). We report two Brazilian FXII‐HAE families segregating the mutation c.983 C>A (p.Thr328Lys). In each family, one patient with a homozygous mutation was found. The homozygous female patient in family 1 displayed a severe phenotype. However, this falls within the clinical phenotype spectrum reported for heterozygous female mutation carriers. The homozygous male patient in family 2 also showed a severe phenotype. This finding is intriguing, as to our knowledge, it is the first such report for a male FXII‐HAE mutation carrier. In the rare instances in which male mutation carriers are affected, a mild phenotype is typical. The present findings therefore suggest that homozygous FXII‐HAE mutation status leads to a severe phenotype in females and males, and to an increased risk of manifest symptoms in the latter.
Fragmented QRS on Admission Electrocardiography Predicts Long‐Term Mortality in Patients with Non–ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bozbeyoğlu Emrah , Yıldırımtürk Özlem , Yazıcı Selçuk , Ceylan Ufuk Sadık , Erdem Aysun , Kaya Adnan , Dönmez Cevdet , Akyüz Şükrü , Çetin Mustafa 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundEarly diagnosis and identification of high‐risk non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is an important issue. Fragmented QRS (fQRS) complexes are defined as various RSR’ patterns on 12‐lead resting electrocardiography (ECG). Previous studies revealed that fQRS is related with increased ventricular arrhythmias and cardiovascular mortality. The relation between fQRS and mortality in acute coronary syndromes, mitral valve disease severity and structural heart disease has been shown in different studies. The aim of this study was to investigate relation between fQRS and long‐term cardiovascular mortality in NSTEMI patients.MethodsPatients who admitted to our emergency unit and diagnosed NSTEMI between 2012 and 2013, 433 patients were included prospectively. fQRS complexes determined in 85 patients. Patients were divided into two groups according to fQRS existence. All patients evaluated for their clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics. Angiographic features of 315 patients who underwent coronary angiography was also recorded. In‐hospital, 30‐day and 12‐month mortality was compared between these groups.ResultsDemographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors were similar in both groups except hyperlipidemia. GRACE risk score was higher in patients with fQRS and positively correlated with existence of fQRS. In hospital and 30‐days mortality were similar but late mortality was higher in fQRS group. Predictors of late mortality were found to be age, heart rate, male sex in addition to fQRS.CONCLUSIONWe found a relation between fQRS and late mortality. Fragmented QRS may be seen as a cautionary signal for extensive myocardial damage and thereby increased long‐term mortality for patients with NSTEMI.
Planetary Rent Gaps
Authors: Slater Tom 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper I recapitulate the origins, structure, and purpose of Neil Smith's rent gap theory, and assess the frequently discussed but rarely dissected empirical studies of rent gaps, in order to trace the key analytical and political shifts Smith effected (from consumer preference to mortgage capital circulation, from “natural areas” to state structures, from house prices to capital depreciation, and from middle class demand to class struggle), as well as posit some possible extensions of the theory vis à vis territorial stigmatisation and displacement. This tracing and extending in place, I then consider the rent gap in the context of the emerging body of work on planetary urbanisation, and argue that the theory helps to expose and confront new geographies of structural violence—planetary rent gaps—where the constitutive power of speculative landed developer interests in processes of capitalist urbanisation can be analysed and challenged. If, as David Harvey has recently argued, rent “has to be brought forward into the forefront of analysis … [to] bring together an understanding of the ongoing production of space and geography and the circulation and accumulation of capital” (2010:183, The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism, Profile), then it is important to consider what we can learn from the rent gap today, rather than relegate it, as so many seem to do, to something that has already been debated or exhausted in the large literature on gentrification.
The Post‐Industrial “Shop Floor”: Emerging Forms of Gentrification in San Francisco's Innovation Economy
Authors: Stehlin John 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe San Francisco Bay Area in California is undergoing a technology‐driven wave of growth arguably more thoroughgoing than the first “dot‐com” bubble, fueling hypertrophic gentrification and tales of a deeply class‐divided, “Blade Runner kind of society”. While Silicon Valley is still the industry's employment center, San Francisco is seeing faster tech firm growth, and is transforming its downtown to become more “livable” and promoting public space as key to innovation. In this context, this paper offers a reading of urban public space not just as a consumption amenity but also as the “shop floor” of a labor process that goes beyond the walls of the firm to mobilize the social itself in the production of privately appropriated value. With innovation now the watchword of gentrification, the stakes of this shift oscillate between the total commodification of urban vitality and the recognition of the social process of value production itself.
Reader Reaction: A Note on the Evaluation of Group Testing Algorithms in the Presence of Misclassification
Authors: Malinovsky Yaakov , Albert Paul S. , Roy Anindya 
Published: September 2015

Summary
In the context of group testing screening, McMahan, Tebbs, and Bilder (2012, Biometrics 68, 287–296) proposed a two-stage procedure in a heterogenous population in the presence of misclassification. In earlier work published in Biometrics, Kim, Hudgens, Dreyfuss, Westreich, and Pilcher (2007, Biometrics 63, 1152–1162) also proposed group testing algorithms in a homogeneous population with misclassification. In both cases, the authors evaluated performance of the algorithms based on the expected number of tests per person, with the optimal design being defined by minimizing this quantity. The purpose of this article is to show that although the expected number of tests per person is an appropriate evaluation criteria for group testing when there is no misclassification, it may be problematic when there is misclassification. Specifically, a valid criterion needs to take into account the amount of correct classification and not just the number of tests. We propose, a more suitable objective function that accounts for not only the expected number of tests, but also the expected number of correct classifications. We then show how using this objective function that accounts for correct classification is important for design when considering group testing under misclassification. We also present novel analytical results which characterize the optimal Dorfman (1943) design under the misclassification.
Gender‐sensitive intervention to improve work with fathers in child welfare services
Authors: Baum Nehami 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough the importance of including fathers in child welfare services has been increasingly recognized, social workers' engagement with fathers is still limited and sometimes fraught with negative bias. This paper attempts to lay some needed foundation to meet the challenge of working with fathers. It presents in succinct form the existing knowledge on how fathers experience and manifest their distress and on how they view the social services and social workers. It discusses, in some detail, three main issues – power relations, mutual fear and communication differences – in the interactions between female social workers and the fathers in the social welfare services. And it emphasizes the need for social workers to be aware of how their experiences with their own fathers may affect their interventions with men. It ends with observations and recommendations for developing the gender awareness that is necessary for effective practice with fathers.
Novel bone substitute material in alveolar bone healing following tooth extraction: an experimental study in sheep
Authors: Liu Jinyi , Schmidlin Patrick R. , Philipp Alexander , Hild Nora , Tawse‐Smith Andrew , Duncan Warwick 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectivesElectrospun cotton wool‐like nanocomposite (ECWN) is a novel synthetic bone substitute that incorporates amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles into a biodegradable synthetic copolymer poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide). The objectives of this study were to develop a tooth extraction socket model in sheep for bone graft research and to compare ECWN and bovine‐derived xenograft (BX) in this model.Material and methodsSixteen cross‐bred female sheep were used. Bilateral mandibular premolars were extracted atraumatically. Second and third premolar sockets were filled (Latin‐square allocation) with BX, ECWN or left unfilled. Resorbable collagen membranes were placed over BX and selected ECWN grafted sockets. Eight sheep per time period were sacrificed after 8 and 16 weeks. Resin‐embedded undemineralised sections were analysed for descriptive histology and histomorphometric analyses.ResultsAt 8 weeks, there were with no distinct differences in healing among the different sites. At 16 weeks, osseous healing followed a fine trabecular pattern in ECWN sites. Non‐grafted sites showed thick trabeculae separated by large areas of fibrovascular connective tissue. In BX grafted sites, xenograft particles were surrounded by newly formed bone or fibrovascular connective tissue. There were no statistically significant differences in bone formation across the four groups. However, ECWN sites had significantly less residual graft material than BX sites at 16 weeks (P = 0.048).ConclusionsThis first description of a tooth extraction socket model in sheep supports the utility of this model for bone graft research. The results of this study suggested that the novel material ECWN did not impede bone ingrowth into sockets and showed evidence of material resorption.
The risk of definitive stoma formation at 10 years after low and ultralow anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Celerier B. , Denost Q. , Van Geluwe B. , Pontallier A. , Rullier E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimThe long‐term risk of definitive stoma after sphincter‐saving resection (SSR) for rectal cancer is underestimated and has never been reported for ultralow conservative surgery. We report the 10‐year risk of definitive stoma after SSR for low rectal cancer.MethodFrom 1994 to 2008, patients with low rectal cancer who were suitable for SSR were analysed retrospectively. Patients were divided into the following four groups: low colorectal anastomosis (LCRA); coloanal anastomosis (CAA); partial intersphincteric resection (pISR); and total intersphincteric resection (tISR). The end‐point was the risk of a definitive stoma according to the type of anastomosis.ResultsDuring the study period, 297 patients had SSR for low rectal cancer. The incidence of definitive stoma increased from 11% at 1 year to 22% at 10 years. The reasons were no closure of the loop ileostomy (4.7%), anastomotic morbidity (6.5%), anal incontinence (8%) and local recurrence (5.2%). The risk of definitive stoma was not influenced by type of surgery: 26% vs 18% vs 18% vs 19% (P = 0.578) for LCRA, CAA, pISR and tISR, respectively. Independent risk factors for definitive stoma were age > 65 years and surgical morbidity.ConclusionThe risk of a definitive stoma after SSR increased two‐fold between 1 and 10 years after surgery, from 11% to 22%. Ultralow conservative surgery (pISR and tISR) did not increase the risk of definitive stoma compared with conventional CAA or LCRA.
Association between high visceral fat area and postoperative complications in patients with Crohn's disease following primary surgery
Authors: Ding Z. , Wu X.‐R. , Remer E. M. , Lian L. , Stocchi L. , Li Y. , McCullough A. , Remzi F. H. , Shen B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the association between visceral fat area (VFA) on CT and postoperative complications after primary surgery in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).MethodInclusion criteria were patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CD who had preoperative abdominal CT scan. The areas of total fat, subcutaneous fat and visceral fat were measured using an established image‐analysis method at the lumbar 3 (L3) level on CT cross‐sectional images. Visceral obesity was defined as a visceral fat area (VFA) of ≥ 130 cm2. Clinical variables, intra‐operative outcomes and postoperative courses within 30 days were analysed.ResultsA total of 164 patients met the inclusion criteria. Sixty‐three (38.4%) patients had postoperative complications. The mean age of the patients with complications (the study group) was 40.4 ± 15.4 years and of those without complications (the control group) was 35.8 ± 12.9 years (P = 0.049). There were no differences in disease location and behaviour between patients with or without complications (P > 0.05). In multivariable analysis, VFA [odds ratio (OR) = 2.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09–6.62; P = 0.032] and corticosteroid use (OR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.32–6.21; P = 0.008) were found to be associated with postoperative complications. Patients with visceral obesity had a significantly longer operative time (P = 0.012), more blood loss (P = 0.019), longer bowel resection length (P = 0.003), postoperative ileus (P = 0.039) and a greater number of complications overall (P < 0.001).ConclusionHigh VFA was found to be associated with an increased risk for 30‐day postoperative complications in patients with CD undergoing primary surgery.