bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Candida‐specific chicken egg yolk antibodies to inhibit the adhering of Candida to denture base materials: prevention of denture stomatitis
Authors: Kamikawa Yoshiaki , Fujisaki Junichi , Nagayama Tomohiro , Kawasaki Kiyotsugu , Hirabayashi Daisuke , Hamada Tomofumi , Sakamoto Ryoich , Mukai Hiroshi , Sugihara Kazumasa 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesPolyclonal anti‐Candida chicken egg yolk antibodies (anti‐IgY) were used to investigate the prevention of adherence of Candida species to denture base material in vitro.BackgroundCandida is a potential virulence factor that can cause systemic infection and even death in immunocompromised individuals. Because long‐term antifungal treatment may lead to the emergence of drug‐resistant strains, it is necessary to develop novel preventive measures and treatments for candidiasis.Materials and methodsThree types of chicken egg yolk antibodies were used in this study: non‐specific antibody (control IgY), Candida albicans‐specific antibody (anti‐C.a.IgY) and Candida glabrata‐specific antibody (anti‐C.g.IgY). A mixture of different dilutions of each antibody with a suspension of Candida species and denture base material was incubated for 3 h, and then the colony‐forming units of Candida on the denture base material were counted.ResultsCompared with control IgY, anti‐C.a.IgY and anti‐C.g.IgY significantly inhibited the adherence of C. albicans, but anti‐C.a.IgY tended to be more potent than anti‐C.g.IgY. The adherence of C. glabrata was also inhibited significantly by anti‐C.a.IgY and anti‐C.g.IgY with almost equivalent potency, indicating that their actions against C. glabrata were comparable.ConclusionsThis study revealed the inhibitory effects of anti‐C.a.IgY and anti‐C.g.IgY against the adherence of C. albicans and C. glabrata to denture base material. This finding indicates the possibility of a beneficial effect of IgYs for the prevention of denture stomatitis and candidiasis in clinical settings.
Dynamics and nature of support in the personal networks of people with type 2 diabetes living in Europe: qualitative analysis of network properties
Authors: Kennedy Anne , Rogers Anne , Vassilev Ivaylo , Todorova Elka , Roukova Poli , Foss Christina , Knutsen Ingrid , Portillo Mari Carmen , Mujika Agurtzane , Serrano‐Gil Manuel , Lionis Christos , Angelaki Agapi , Ratsika Nikoleta , Koetsenruijter Jan , Wensing Michel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundLiving with and self‐managing a long‐term condition implicates a diversity of networked relationships. This qualitative study examines the personal communities of support of people with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe conducted 170 biographical interviews in six European countries (Bulgaria, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain and UK) to explore social support and networks. Analysis was framed with reference to three predetermined social support mechanisms: the negotiation of support enabling engagement with healthy practices, navigation to sources of support and collective efficacy. Each interview was summarized to describe navigation and negotiation of participants' networks and the degree of collective efficacy.ResultsAnalysis highlighted the similarities and differences between countries and provided insights into capacities of networks to support self‐management. The network support mechanisms were identified in all interviews, and losses and gains in networks impacted on diabetes management. There were contextual differences between countries, most notably the impact of financial austerity on network dynamics. Four types of network are suggested: generative, diverse and beneficial to individuals; proxy, network members undertook diabetes management work; avoidant, support not engaged with; and struggling, diabetes management a struggle or not prioritized.ConclusionsIt is possible to differentiate types of network input to living with and managing diabetes. Recognizing the nature of active, generative aspects of networks support is likely to have relevance for self‐management support interventions either through encouraging continuing development and maintenance of these contacts or intervening to address struggling networks through introducing the means to connect people to additional sources of support.
Precocious diagnosis of glaucoma: comparison between nerve fibre analyzer and blue/yellow perimetry
Authors: Trabucco T. , Vetrugno M. , Cantatore F. , Cardia L. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe authors briefly review the tests available for precocious diagnosis of glaucomatous neuropticopathy. They present a casefile of 54 ocular hypertensive eyes examined by NFA and blue‐on‐yellow perimetry to verify the equivalence of these two different tests in the precocious diagnosis of glaucoma. The results point up a perfect correspondence in 50% of the cases. They conclude by stressing the necessity of having a screening available for the precocious diagnosis of glaucoma with the use of more tests that have standardized and reliable parameters.
Glaucomatous damage to inner retina detected by the flicker ERG second harmonic: losses as a function of temporal frequency
Authors: Colotto A. , Salgarello T. , Falsini B. , Porciatti V. , Cermola S. , Scullica L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe electroretinogram to flicker stimulation (FERO) consists of two main components: a fundamental (1F) at the same temporal frequency (TF) as the stimulus and a second harmonic (2F) at twice the stimulation frequency. The 2F is generated in the retina more proximally than the 1F and, unlike the 1F, can be significantly altered in ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma (OAG). This study evaluated the FERG 2F as a function of TF in OAG patients and age‐matched controls. The results show that, in patients, the 2F amplitude losses were consistently found at different TFs both in the low (8–10 Hz) and high (38–40 Hz) regions of the spectrum, with optimal sensitivity at 8–10 Hz (70% of the eyes).These data suggest that the FERG 2F recorded at the optimal TFs may be of complementary clinical use as support to a glaucoma diagnosis in patients with optical media opacities in whom most of the current functional or morphologic tests of optic nerve integrity cannot be reliably performed.
Flowmetry of optic nerve head and visual field defect in glaucomatous eyes
Authors: Mastropasqua L. , Ciancaglini M. , Carpineto P. , Falconio G. , Zuppardi E. , Doronzo E. , Gallenga P. E. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryA cross‐sectional study was undertaken to analyze the relation between the perfusion of the rim area and lamina cribrosa of the optic nerve head by means of SLDF and the mean defect of the visual field.Forty‐two patients affected by primary open angle glaucoma were enrolled.In the rim area, no significant relation was found between the perfusion of the tissue and the visual field defect. In the lamina cribrosa area, a significant relation was found between blood volume and mean defect (p < 0.05).
Should Fertility Treatment be State Funded?
Authors: McTernan Emily 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMany states offer generous provision of fertility treatment, but this article asks whether and how such state funding can be justified. I argue that, at most, there is limited justification for state funding of fertility treatment as one good among many that could enable citizens to pursue valuable life projects, but not one that should have the privileged access to funding it is currently given. I then consider and reject reasons one might think that fertility treatment has a special claim to funding, over the other goods that might enable life projects. First, I deny that fertility treatment has a special claim to funding on the grounds that infertility is a disease or disability. Second, I argue that individuals do not have a right to assistance with the project of having a child of their own. Third, I deny that providing fertility treatment is a special case on the grounds that having children is good for society. However, there may be one exception: states have a reason to fund fertility treatment for same sex couples that does not apply to heterosexual couples.
Justice in Transnational Governance
Authors: de Bres Helena 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe small portion of philosophical work on global distributive justice that directly discusses particular agents, institutions or practices in global politics tends to focus on a narrow range of the existing set. The emphasis is chiefly on bilateral diplomacy or intergovernmental organisations, to the neglect of a variety of more recent forms of transnational governance, many of which incorporate non‐state actors, have more limited membership, involve informal and dynamic structures, employ cooperative and reflexive methods for ensuring compliance, and operate largely out of the public eye. This article considers how philosophers should conceive of distributive justice in relation to these neglected sites of transnational governance, using the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as an illustration.
Decoding polyphase migmatites using geochronology and phase equilibria modelling
Authors: Yakymchuk C. , Brown M. , Clark C. , Korhonen F. J. , Piccoli P. M. , Siddoway C. S. , Taylor R. J. M. , Vervoort J. D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this study, in situ U–Pb monazite ages and Lu–Hf garnet geochronology are used to distinguish mineral parageneses developed during Devonian–Carboniferous and Cretaceous events in migmatitic paragneiss and orthogneiss from the Fosdick migmatite–granite complex in West Antarctica. SHRIMP U–Pb monazite ages define two dominant populations at 365–300 Ma (from cores of polychronic grains, dominantly from deeper structural levels in the central and western sectors of the complex) and 120–96 Ma (from rims of polychronic grains, dominantly from the central and western sectors of the complex, and from monochronic grains, mostly from shallower structural levels in the eastern sector of the complex). For five paragneisses and two orthogneisses, Lu–Hf garnet ages range from 116 to 111 Ma, c. 12–17 Ma older than published Sm–Nd garnet ages of 102–99 Ma from three of the same samples. Garnet grains in the analysed samples generally have Lu‐enriched rims relative to Lu‐depleted cores. By contrast, for three of the same samples, individual garnet grains have flat Sm concentrations consistent with high‐T diffusive resetting. Lutetium enrichment of garnet rims is interpreted to record the breakdown of a Lu‐rich accessory mineral during the final stage of garnet growth immediately prior to the metamorphic peak, and/or the preferential retention of Lu in garnet during breakdown to cordierite in the presence of melt concomitant with the initial stages of exhumation. Therefore, garnet is interpreted to be part of the Cretaceous mineral paragenesis and the Lu–Hf garnet ages are interpreted to record the timing of close‐to‐peak metamorphism for this event. For the Devonian–Carboniferous event, phase equilibria modelling of the metasedimentary protoliths to the paragneiss and a diatexite migmatite restrict the peak P–T conditions to 720–800 °C at 0.45–1.0 GPa. For the Cretaceous event, using both forward and inverse phase equilibria modelling of residual paragneiss and orthogneiss compositions, the P–T conditions after decompression are estimated to have been 850–880 °C at 0.65–0.80 GPa. These P–T conditions occurred between c. 106 and c. 96 Ma, determined from Y‐enriched rims on monazite that record the timing of garnet and biotite breakdown to cordierite in the presence of melt. The effects of this younger metamorphic event are dominant throughout the Fosdick complex.
ABCD1 deletion‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction is corrected by SAHA: implication for adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Baarine Mauhamad , Beeson Craig , Singh Avtar , Singh Inderjit 
Published: November 2014

AbstractX‐linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD), an inherited peroxisomal metabolic neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by mutations/deletions in the ATP‐binding cassette transporter (ABCD1) gene encoding peroxisomal ABC transporter adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP). Metabolic dysfunction in X‐ALD is characterized by the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids ≥ C22:0) in the tissues and plasma of patients. Here, we investigated the mitochondrial status following deletion of ABCD1 in B12 oligodendrocytes and U87 astrocytes. This study provides evidence that silencing of peroxisomal protein ABCD1 produces structural and functional perturbations in mitochondria. Activities of electron transport chain‐related enzymes and of citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) were reduced; mitochondrial redox status was dysregulated and the mitochondrial membrane potential was disrupted following ABCD1 silencing. A greater reduction in ATP levels and citrate synthase activities was observed in oligodendrocytes as compared to astrocytes. Furthermore, most of the mitochondrial perturbations induced by ABCD1 silencing were corrected by treating cells with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, an Histone deacetylase inhibitor. These observations indicate a novel relationship between peroxisomes and mitochondria in cellular homeostasis and the importance of intact peroxisomes in relation to mitochondrial integrity and function in the cell types that participate in the pathobiology of X‐ALD. These observations suggest suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid as a potential therapy for X‐ALD.
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Schematic description of the effects of loss of peroxisomal ATP‐binding cassette transporter D1 (ABCD1) gene on cellular Redox and mitochondrial activities and their correction by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) treatment. Pathogenomic accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) as a result of loss of ABCD1 leads to dysfunctions of mitochondrial biogenesis and its activities. Treatment with SAHA corrects mitochondrial dysfunctions. These studies describe unique cooperation between mitochondria and peroxisome for cellular activities.
REAL‐TIME DATA AND FISCAL POLICY ANALYSIS: A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Cimadomo Jacopo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper surveys the empirical research on fiscal policy analysis based on real‐time data. This literature can be broadly divided into four groups that focus on: (1) the statistical properties of revisions in fiscal data; (2) the political and institutional determinants of projection errors by governments; (3) the reaction of fiscal policies to the business cycle and (4) the use of real‐time fiscal data in structural vector autoregression (VAR) models. It emerges that, first, fiscal revisions are large and initial releases are biased estimates of final values. Secondly, strong fiscal rules and institutions lead to more accurate releases of fiscal data and smaller deviations of fiscal outcomes from government plans. Thirdly, the cyclical stance of fiscal policies is estimated to be more ‘counter‐cyclical’ when real‐time data are used instead of ex post data. Fourthly, real‐time data can be useful for the identification of fiscal shocks. Finally, it is shown that existing real‐time fiscal data sets cover only a limited number of countries and variables. For example, real‐time data for developing countries are generally unavailable. In addition, real‐time data on European countries are often missing, especially with respect to government revenues and expenditures. Therefore, more work is needed in this field.
Human Motivation in Question: Discussing Emotions, Motives, and Subjectivity from a Cultural‐Historical Standpoint
Authors: González Rey Fernando Luis 
Published: November 2014

AbstractVygotsky, at the end of his life, advanced a new representation of a psychological system that was ruled by a cognitive‐emotional unity, a theorization that remains inconclusive due to Vygotsky's early death. This article discusses the advances made by Vygotsky in the comprehension of human motivation through his concepts of sense and perezhivanie at the end of his work. Through these concepts, he further advanced the discussion of motivation, despite the fact that these concepts have only very recently been considered a relevant part of his legacy in both Russian and Western psychology. This paper discusses the departure from and the historical presentations of the concept of motive in the following two main approaches of Soviet psychology that were mistakenly equated in Western interpretations: Vygotsky's approach, mainly at the first as last moment of his work, and Leontiev's Activity Theory. Based on the final theoretical positions of Vygotsky and of other Soviet authors, and further developing this legacy, this article proposes a new definition of motivation as a specific quality of subjectively configured systems and defines motive as intrinsic to the functioning of all psychological function defines subjective functions as subjectively configured processes. This new proposal of human motivation within a new way of defining subjectivity defines new categories as subjective senses and subjective configurations on which the author bases a specific approach for advancing the topic of subjectivity and motivation within a cultural‐historical framework.
School Start Time Change: An In‐Depth Examination of School Districts in the United States
Authors: Owens Judith , Drobnich Darrel , Baylor Allison , Lewin Daniel 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn response to the scientific evidence documenting both profound developmental changes in sleep and circadian biology during adolescence and the myriad of negative health, performance, and safety outcomes risks associated with chronic sleep loss, at least 70 public school districts in the United States, representing approximately 1,000 schools, have successfully implemented a delay in high school start times. However, despite the compelling evidence supporting school start time change as a key strategy in addressing the epidemic of adolescent sleep loss, many school districts across the country with early high school start times have not considered the option to implement later bell schedules for adolescents. Moreover, while the current scientific literature has clearly documented the positive outcomes associated with delayed high school start times, these studies contain limited information regarding the process by which school districts consider, approve and implement bell schedule changes. Thus, this in‐depth examination of those school districts that have been successful in changing their bell schedules is intended to support the efforts of other districts in various stages of contemplating this measure. We utilized a multi‐pronged approach (literature review, case studies, telephone interviews, online survey) to summarize the experiences of school districts across the United States in regard to challenges faced, strategies employed, and lessons learned in the hope that this information will be a useful tool for other school districts looking to chart a course forward to promote the health, safety, and academic opportunities of their students.
Geometric morphometrics for the taxonomy of 11 species of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) mosquitoes
Authors: JARAMILLO‐O N. , DUJARDIN J.‐P. , CALLE‐LONDOÑO D. , FONSECA‐GONZÁLEZ I. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe subgenus Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) (Diptera: Culicidae) includes the primary vectors of Plasmodium spp. in Colombia. Most adult females of this subgenus are difficult to identify in the field using the available keys. With the objective of further investigating the discriminatory power of modern morphometrics, both landmark‐based and outline‐based approaches were explored using the wing venation geometry of 11 Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) species. Wing shape was able to separate the closest species of the subgenus. When the 11 species were analysed together, validated classification scores on average 5.3–8.6 times higher than those expected by chance were observed. These scores computed from the total sample of 11 species were not satisfactory for the recognition of Anopheles benarrochi B, Anopheles oswaldoi s.l. and Anopheles strodei. These sibling species were captured in sympatry. To improve the identification power of the morphometric tool, it was necessary to analyse these species separately from the remaining species. The best classification scores were obtained using a combination of 12 landmarks collected not only on the intersections of wing veins, but also on spots. An outline approach also gave excellent reclassification scores. Another pair of sibling species, collected in allopatry, Anopheles nuneztovari and Anopheles rangeli, also showed high classification scores.
Regulation and Disregulation of Mammalian Nucleotide Excision Repair: A Pathway to Nongermline Breast Carcinogenesis
Authors: Latimer Jean J. , Majekwana Vongai J. , Pabón‐Padín Yashira R. , Pimpley Manasi R. , Grant Stephen G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNucleotide excision repair (NER) is an important modulator of disease, especially in constitutive deficiencies such as the cancer predisposition syndrome Xeroderma pigmentosum. We have found profound variation in NER capacity among normal individuals, between cell‐types and during carcinogenesis. NER is a repair system for many types of DNA damage, and therefore many types of genotoxic carcinogenic exposures, including ultraviolet light, products of organic combustion, metals and oxidative stress. Because NER is intimately related to cellular metabolism, requiring components of both the DNA replicative and transcription machinery, it has a narrow range of functional viability. Thus, genes in the NER pathway are expressed at the low levels manifested by, for example, nuclear transcription factors. As NER activity and gene expression vary by cell‐type, it is inherently epigenetically regulated. Furthermore, this epigenetic modulation is disregulated during sporadic breast carcinogenesis. Loss of NER is one basis of genomic instability, a required element in cellular transformation, and one that potentially influences response to therapy. In this study, we demonstrate differences in NER capacity in eight adult mouse tissues, and place this result into the context of our previous work on mouse extraembryonic tissues, normal human tissues and sporadic early stage human breast cancer.
Analysis of yellowish skin color from an optical image and the development of 3D Skin Chroma Diagram™
Authors: Han J. Y. , Kim E. J. , Lee H. K. , Kim M. J. , Nam G. W. 
Published: November 2014

Background/purposeThis study was conducted to define yellowish skin color, which is a major concern of Asian women, and to develop a 3D skin‐pigment color model.MethodsA total of 22 Korean females were enrolled in this study. These women were asked to use a functional cosmetic product with whitening agents for 8 weeks. We photographed the subsurface reflection of each subject's face using polarized light. The color of the subsurface reflection is a result of diffusive light transports that are attenuated by various skin pigments such as melanin, hemoglobin, and skin base colors. In this subsurface photo image, we eliminated the color effects of melanin and hemoglobin distribution by skin color analysis resulting in skin base color. Based on a variety of observed skin base colors from which the melanin and hemoglobin pigments have been removed, we defined a standard skin color for the entire subject group, and then, we gained a particular yellowish skin color by excluding the standard skin color from the skin base color again.ResultsAfter applying whitening cosmetic products, the amount of melanin and hemoglobin was reduced by 7.3% and 18.6%, respectively. Also, through using our new analysis method, yellowish skin color has been improved by 2.8%. We showed the improvement on 3D Skin Chroma Diagram™ three‐dimensionally.ConclusionIt became possible to diagnose yellowish color on human skin and to analyze the improvement in skin tone both quantitatively and visually.