bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual in vitro effects of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase in lymphocytes of broiler chickens
Authors: Lautert Claudia , Ferreiro Laerte , Wolkmer Patrícia , Paim Francine C , da Silva Cássia B , Jaques Jeandre AS , Lopes Sônia TA , Santurio Janio M 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The contamination of consumer food and animal feed with toxigenic fungi has resulted in economic losses worldwide in animal industries. Mycotoxins are highly biologically reactive secondary metabolites and can inhibit protein synthesis and cell multiplication. Considering the cytotoxicity of mycotoxins, this experiment was performed to determine the in vitro influence of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on lipid peroxidation in lymphocytes of broiler chickens at different concentrations. This study has also evaluated whether the presence of these mycotoxins changes the acetylcholinesterase activity in lymphocytes, which is involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Blood lymphocytes of broiler chickens were isolated through density gradient centrifugation and incubated with the respective mycotoxins at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL. Lipid peroxidation, which was evaluated through the amount of malondialdehyde measured in a thiobarbituric acid-reactive species test, and the enzymatic activity were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h. Results of the lipid peroxidation evaluation showed an increasing cytotoxicity relation: ochratoxin A > deoxynivalenol > zearalenone. Conversely, cytotoxicity was valued as zearalenone > deoxynivalenol > ochratoxin A in relation to the acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity. At a concentration of 1 μg/mL, ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol induced the highest cellular oxidative stress levels and the highest enzymatic activity at the majority of time points. However, the same mycotoxins, except at 1 μg/mL concentration, induced a reduction of lymphocytic lipid peroxidation 72 h after incubation, suggesting the action of a compensatory mechanism in these cells.
Interleukin-like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition inducer activity is controlled by proteolytic processing and plasminogen–urokinase plasminogen activator receptor system–regulated secretion during breast cancer progression
Authors: Csiszar Agnes , Kutay Betül , Wirth Silvia , Schmidt Ulrike , Macho-Maschler Sabine , Schreiber Martin , Alacakaptan Memetcan , Vogel Georg F , Aumayr Karin , Huber Lukas A , Beug Hartmut 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Interleukin-like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition inducer (ILEI) is an essential cytokine in tumor progression that is upregulated in several cancers, and its altered subcellular localization is a predictor of poor survival in human breast cancer. However, the regulation of ILEI activity and the molecular meaning of its altered localization remain elusive.

Methods
The influence of serum withdrawal, broad-specificity protease inhibitors, different serine proteases and plasminogen depletion on the size and amount of the secreted ILEI protein was investigated by Western blot analysis of EpRas cells. Proteases with ILEI-processing capacity were identified by carrying out an in vitro cleavage assay. Murine mammary tumor and metastasis models of EpC40 and 4T1 cells overexpressing different mutant forms of ILEI were used—extended with in vivo aprotinin treatment for the inhibition of ILEI-processing proteases—to test the in vivo relevance of proteolytic cleavage. Stable knockdown of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in EpRas cells was performed to investigate the involvement of uPAR in ILEI secretion. The subcellular localization of the ILEI protein in tumor cell lines was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Immunohistochemistry for ILEI localization and uPAR expression was performed on two human breast cancer arrays, and ILEI and uPAR scores were correlated with the metastasis-free survival of patients.

Results
We demonstrate that secreted ILEI requires site-specific proteolytic maturation into its short form for its tumor-promoting function, which is executed by serine proteases, most efficiently by plasmin. Noncleaved ILEI is tethered to fibronectin-containing fibers of the extracellular matrix through a propeptide-dependent interaction. In addition to ILEI processing, plasmin rapidly increases ILEI secretion by mobilizing its intracellular protein pool in a uPAR-dependent manner. Elevated ILEI secretion correlates with an altered subcellular localization of the protein, most likely representing a shift into secretory vesicles. Moreover, altered subcellular ILEI localization strongly correlates with high tumor cell–associated uPAR protein expression, as well as with poor survival, in human breast cancer.

Conclusions
Our findings point out extracellular serine proteases, in particular plasmin, and uPAR as valuable therapeutic targets against ILEI-driven tumor progression and emphasize the prognostic relevance of ILEI localization and a combined ILEI-uPAR marker analysis in human breast cancer.
Review of O. Varon-Vassard's Η ανάδυση μιας δύσκολης μνήμης. Κείμενα για τη γενοκτονία των Εβραίων [The emergence of a difficult memory: Texts on the genocide of the Jews]
Authors: Gazi Effi 
Published: September 2014

Odette Varon-Vassard, Η ανάδυση μιας δύσκολης μνήμης. Κείμενα για τη γενοκτονία των Εβραίων [The emergence of a difficult memory: Texts on the genocide of the Jews], Athens: Estia, 2013 (2nd exp. ed.), 230 pp
Review of Koumas's Μικρά κράτη, συλλογική ασφάλεια, Κοινωνία των Εθνών: Η Ελλάδα και το ζήτημα του αφοπλισμού 1919-1934 [Small states, collective security, League of Nations: Greece and the disarmament question, 1919-1934]
Authors: Rizas Sotiris 
Published: September 2014

Manolis Koumas, Μικρά κράτη, συλλογική ασφάλεια, Κοινωνία των Εθνών: Η Ελλάδα και το ζήτημα του αφοπλισμού 1919-1934 [Small states, collective security, League of Nations: Greece and the disarmament question of Disarmament, 1919-1934] (in Greek), Nicosia: University of Cyprus Publications, 2012, 336 pp.
Review of O. V. Sokolovskaia's Grecheskaia koroleva Ol’ga Konstantinovna – Pod molotom sud’by [The Greek queen Olga Konstantinovna: under the hammer of fate]
Authors: Frary Lucien James 
Published: September 2014

OV Sokolovskaia, Grecheskaia koroleva Ol’ga Konstantinovna – Pod molotom sud’by [The Greek queen Olga Konstantinovna: under the hammer of fate], Moscow: Institute of Slavic Studies, 2011. 212 pp.
Chief’s seminar: turning interns into clinicians
Authors: Dittus Christopher , Grover Vanya , Panagopoulos Georgia , Jhaveri Kenar 
Published: September 2014

Background: Recent changes in healthcare delivery have necessitated residency education reform. To adapt to these changes, graduate medical education can adopt a chief resident-led clinical curriculum. Chief residents are ideal clinical instructors, as they are recent graduates who have excelled in their residency programs. To effectively use the limited time available for education, chief residents can implement active learning techniques. We present a chief resident-led, small-group, problem-based curriculum for teaching first-year internal medicine residents, and provide preliminary data supporting the efficacy of this approach.Methods: The seminar consisted of 11 4-week modules. Week 1 was a team-based crossword competition. Weeks 2-4 were small-group, problem-based clinical reasoning sessions taught by chief residents. The program was evaluated via pre- and post-module multiple-choice tests. Resident satisfaction data were collected via self-reported, anonymous surveys.Results: Preliminary results revealed a statistically significant increase from pre-test to post-test score for 9 of the 11 modules. The chest pain, fever, abdominal pain, shock, syncope, jaundice, dizziness, anemia, and acute kidney injury modules achieved statistical significance. Additionally, resident satisfaction surveys show that this teaching approach was an enjoyable experience for our residents.Discussion: Our chief seminar is an evidence-based, clinical reasoning approach for graduate medical education that uses active learning techniques. This is an effective and enjoyable method for educating internal medicine residents. Because of its reproducibility, it can be applied throughout residency education.
Principles of the mortality monitoring in regional level
Authors: Хромушин  , Khromushin Viktor , Хадарцев  , Khadartsev Aleksandr , Даильнев  , Dailnev V. , Ластовецкий  , Lastovetskiy A. 
Published: September 2014

The article describes the requirements for the implementation of a regional register of mortality, the most important of which are: automatic determination of the initial cause of death when entering multiple causes of death; the possibility of viewing the results of the automatic detection of the original causes of death, including the application of encoding rules; automatic permutation of rows causes of death to restore a logical
sequence covering cases in which the user often makes mistakes; the possibility of encoding data using automatically determine the initial cause of death in case of doubt in the correctness of the encoding; handbook of synonyms ICD-X to enter the cause of death; the possibility to recognize text in the handbook of synonyms; advanced logic control coding in some cases, which are not covered by automatic detection of the original cause of death ACME; enhanced automatic coding of external causes of death; post-mortem diagnosis coding unspecified cases. Implementation of a web-based version of the register of mortality with the proposed requirements, interfacing with electronic medical records will improve the monitoring of mortality, especially in terms of availability of information any time, thereby ensuring efficiency in management decisions.
The programm for highlighting the main components resulting in the algebraic model of constructive logic
Authors: Хромушин  , Khromushin Viktor , Хромушин  , Khromushin Oleg 
Published: September 2014

The article presents the program to determine the principal components resulting in the algebraic model of constructive logic, which is designed for construction multivariate nonlinear mathematical models. The resulting mathematical model is represented by a set of resulting components as factors indicating the detection limits, combined mark of conjunction (indicating joint impact). Each resulting component is characterized by power, which is the essence of the number of rows in the table that match the specified detection limits factors in their joint action. The program provides two methods to determine the main result components. The first method is based on determining the minimum difference between increasing amounts of capacity resulting components of the top and bottom. The second method is based on the determination of the inflection point of the curve decreasing capacity of the resulting components. The authors give recommendations on the choice of allocation method the main result components. If the curve changes power has a dedicated point of inflection and more like a straight line, it is recommended to use method 1. If the curve changes power has a dedicated point of inflection, it is recommended to use method 2. The program should be used in the package of analytical programs
algebraic model of constructive logic when performing complex analytical calculations in biophysics, medicine and biology.
Bonus Payments and Reference Point Violations
Authors: Ockenfels Axel , Sliwka Dirk , Werner Peter 
Published: September 2014

We investigate how bonus payments affect the satisfaction and performance of managers in a large multinational company. We find that falling behind a natural reference standard for a fair bonus payment (a “reference point violation”) reduces satisfaction and subsequent performance. The effects are mitigated if information about one’s relative standing toward the reference point is withheld. A model and a laboratory experiment provide complementary insights and additional robustness checks. This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Association of 1,5-Anhydroglucitol with Diabetes and Microvascular Conditions
Authors: Selvin Elizabeth , Rawlings Andreea M , Grams Morgan , Klein Ronald , Steffes Michael , Coresh Josef 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is inversely related to hyperglycemia and may be a useful indicator of short-term (1–2 weeks) hyperglycemia and glycemic excursions, but its prognostic value is unclear. We sought to evaluate the associations of 1,5-AG with risk of diabetes and microvascular disease.

METHODS
We measured 1,5-AG in blood samples from over 10 000 participants in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study (baseline, 1990–1992) and characterized the independent associations with prevalent retinopathy and with incident chronic kidney disease and incident diabetes during approximately 20 years of follow-up.

RESULTS
We found that 1,5-AG was associated with prevalent retinopathy, driven primarily by the strong association in persons with diagnosed diabetes: adjusted odds ratio (OR) 11.26 (95% CI, 6.17–20.53) for &lt;6 μg/mL compared to 1,5-AG ≥10 μg/mL. This result remained significant after further adjustment for hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) (OR, 4.85; 95% CI, 2.42–9.74). In persons with diagnosed diabetes, low 1,5-AG (&lt;6 μg/mL vs ≥10 μg/mL) was also associated with a &gt;2-fold increased risk of incident chronic kidney disease [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 2.83; 95% CI, 2.15–3.74] and remained significant after adjustment for Hb A1c (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.02–2.00). Nondiabetic participants with high 1,5-AG (≥10 μg/mL) had the lowest prevalence of retinopathy and lowest risk of kidney disease. In persons without diagnosed diabetes at baseline, 1,5-AG &lt;10 μg/mL was also associated with incident diabetes (adjusted HR, 2.29; 95% CI, 2.03–2.58).

CONCLUSIONS
1,5-AG was associated with long-term risk of important microvascular outcomes, particularly in persons with diagnosed diabetes and even after adjustment for Hb A1c. Our results suggest 1,5-AG may capture risk information associated with hyperglycemic excursions.
Deceptive potassium and magnesium measurements
Authors: Ismail Adel A.A. , Ismail Yasmin , Ismail Abbas A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Potassium and magnesium are important circulating cations and are predominantly intracellular elements. Only a small fraction of these elements is present in extracellular fluids including blood (∼1%). Measurement of the concentration of such small fractions in blood is commonly used to assess and reflect their body content levels. However, some of these measurements can be flawed and a failure to recognise the limitations of these tests may result in misdiagnosis and/or unnecessary follow-up investigations and/or expensive hospital admissions. The focus of this note is three-fold (a) to highlight and discuss separately the less appreciated pitfalls of potassium and magnesium measurements per se, (b) suggestions to identify and rectify these snags and to improve their clinical interpretation, and finally (c) to discuss briefly the clinical inter-relationship between these two predominantly most abundant intracellular cations without dwelling on details which are outside the scope of this note.
Skilled-Unskilled Wage Inequality, Growth of Skilled Labour and Development Policies
Authors: Gupta Manash Ranjan , Dutta Priya Brata 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper develops a small open economy model with three sectors and four factors – land, unskilled labour, skilled labour and capital. Two of these three sectors produce final traded goods of which one sector produces an agricultural product using land and unskilled labour and another sector produces a manufacturing product using skilled labour and capital. The third sector, called education sector produces a service using skilled labour and capital as inputs; and this service transforms unskilled workers into skilled workers. The current output is added to the existing stock of skilled labour at the next point of time. The paper first analyses various comparative static effects on skilled-unskilled relative wage in the static model where no factor endowment changes over time. Next, it analyses the long-run equilibrium properties in the dynamic model with intertemporal accumulation of skilled labour; and derives various comparative steady state effects on skilled unskilled relative wage. Comparative steady-state effects appear to be stronger than the corresponding comparative static effects.
De Novo Transcriptome Sequence Assembly from Coconut Leaves and Seeds with a Focus on Factors Involved in RNA-Directed DNA Methylation
Authors: Huang Ya-Yi , Lee Chueh-Pai , Fu Jason L , Chang Bill Chia-Han , Matzke Antonius J M , Matzke Marjori 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) is a symbol of the tropics and a source of numerous edible and nonedible products of economic value. Despite its nutritional and industrial significance, coconut remains under-represented in public repositories for genomic and transcriptomic data. We report de novo transcript assembly from RNA-seq data and analysis of gene expression in seed tissues (embryo and endosperm) and leaves of a dwarf coconut variety. Assembly of 10 GB sequencing data for each tissue resulted in 58,211 total unigenes in embryo, 61,152 in endosperm, and 33,446 in leaf. Within each unigene pool, 24,857 could be annotated in embryo, 29,731 could be annotated in endosperm, and 26,064 could be annotated in leaf. A KEGG analysis identified 138, 138, and 139 pathways, respectively, in transcriptomes of embryo, endosperm, and leaf tissues. Given the extraordinarily large size of coconut seeds and the importance of small RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation during seed development in model plants, we used homology searches to identify putative homologs of factors required for RNA-directed DNA methylation in coconut. The findings suggest that RNA-directed DNA methylation is important during coconut seed development, particularly in maturing endosperm. This dataset will expand the genomics resources available for coconut and provide a foundation for more detailed analyses that may assist molecular breeding strategies aimed at improving this major tropical crop.
Assimilating Microseismic and Well-Test Data by Use of EnKF for Accurate Reservoir Characterization
Authors: Han Mei , Li Gaoming , Chen Jingyi 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe pressure-transient well-test data can be used to determine the thickness-weighted average permeability in a multilayer reservoir. Injection- or production-profile logs (layer rates), if available, may be used to further quantify the layer properties. This paper explores the possibility of the use of microseismic data in place of injection-/production-profile logs for layered-reservoir characterization. The microseismic first-arrival times from the perforation-timing shots of the test well to monitor wells can only resolve the average velocity along its wavepath but are more sensitive to the layer (or region) with high wave velocity (low productivity). On the contrary, the pressure-transient data are more sensitive to the properties of the high-productivity (high-permeability) layers. Therefore, these two types of data are complementary in reservoir characterization. In this paper, we assimilate these two types of data by use of the state-of-the-art ensemble-Kalman-filter (EnKF) method. Layered-homogeneous- and layered-heterogeneous-reservoir examples verified the complementary nature of these two types of data. The porosities and permeabilities in the layered reservoir obtained after assimilating both types of data are comparable with assimilating pressure-transient and layer-rate data. EnKF is a stochastic process, and the final results may depend on the initial ensemble because of sampling errors, sample size, and nonlinearity of the problem. In this paper, we generated 10 different ensembles for each example for better uncertainty quantification. The paper shows that assimilating pressure-transient data only will yield biased estimates of layered-reservoir properties, whereas assimilating both pressure and microseismic data improves the reservoir-property estimation and reservoir-prediction capabilities.
The Application of Flow Diagnostics for Reservoir Management
Authors: Møyner Olav , Krogstad Stein , Lie Knut-Andreas 
Published: September 2014

SummaryFlow diagnostics, as referred to herein, are computational tools derived from controlled numerical flow experiments that yield quantitative information regarding the flow behavior of a reservoir model in settings much simpler than would be encountered in the actual field. In contrast to output from traditional reservoir simulators, flow-diagnostic measures can be obtained within seconds. The methodology can be used to evaluate, rank, and/or compare realizations or strategies, and the computational speed makes it ideal for interactive visualization output. We also consider application of flow diagnostics as proxies in optimization of reservoir-management work flows. In particular, by use of finite-volume discretizations for pressure, time of flight (TOF), and stationary tracers, we efficiently compute general Lorenz coefficients (and variants) that are shown to correlate well with simulated recovery. For efficient optimization, we develop an adjoint code for gradient computations of the considered flow-diagnostic measures. We present several numerical examples, including optimization of rates, well placements, and drilling sequences for two- and three-phase synthetic and real field models. Overall, optimizing the diagnostic measures implies substantial improvement in simulation-based objectives.
Microscopic Investigation of Pitting Corrosion in Plasma Nitrided Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Escalada L. , Brühl S. P. , Simison S. N. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
UNS 31603 austenitic stainless steel was nitrided using different techniques, and pitting corrosion resistance was analysed in a chloride solution. All nitriding techniques, LEII, PI· and convectional DC nitriding produced a nitrided layer called S phase which is corrosion resistant. Pits morphology and layer structure was investigated using optical and electronic microscopy, SEM-FIB, EDS, and a 3D reconstruction of a pit was assessed using FIB tomography. It was concluded that pits are initiated in MnS inclusions and a channel was generated passing through the nitrided layer, connecting the steel with the electrolyte. Base alloy dissolution was observed beneath the nitrided layer.