bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Sensory Qualities of Wine Grape Pomace Fortified Baked Goods
Authors: Walker Rebecca , Tseng Angela , Cavender George , Ross Andrew , Zhao Yanyun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWine grape pomace (WGP) as a source of antioxidant dietary fiber (DF) was used to fortify baked goods, including breads, muffins, and brownies. Pinot Noir WGP (RWGP) and Pinot Grigio WGP (WWGP) substituted wheat flour at concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15% for bread, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% RWGP for brownies, and 5%, 10%, and 15% RWGP or 10%, 15%, and 20% WWGP for muffins. The finished products were evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA), and total DF, as well as physicochemical and sensory properties. WGP flour blends were also tested for solvent retention capacity (SRC). The highest TPC and RSA values for bread and muffins were achieved in 15% RWGP fortified samples with TPC and RSA values of 68.32 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/serving and 80.70 AAE mg/serving, respectively for bread, and 2164 mg GAE/serving and 1526 mg AAE/serving, respectively for muffins. Brownies fortified with 10% RWGP had the highest RSA value (115.52 mg AAE/serving) while the control had the highest TPC value (1152 mg GAE/serving). Breads and muffins with 15% RWGP and brownies with 25% RWGP had the highest amount of DF (6.33, 12.32, and 7.73 g/serving, respectively). Sensory evaluation concluded that there is no difference in overall liking of 5% and 10% RWGP breads and muffins or 15% and 20% WGP brownies compared to the controls. This study demonstrated that WGP is a viable functional ingredient in bakery goods to increase TPC, RSA, and DF in consumer's diets.
Imaging characteristics of local recurrences after stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage I non‐small cell lung cancer: Evaluation of mass‐like fibrosis
Authors: Hayashi Shinya , Tanaka Hidekazu , Hoshi Hiroaki 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with stage I non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in terms of radiation‐induced changes and computed tomography (CT) features of local recurrence by 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET).MethodsFrom January 2006 to December 2012, 81 patients with NSCLC received SBRT. Follow‐up consisted of non‐contrast enhanced CT scans performed before and every four months after SBRT. In addition, 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT was conducted before SBRT for each patient, and one year later for each case suspected of recurrence. The CT findings were classified into two categories: mass‐like fibrosis and others. The mass‐like fibrosis category was subdivided into two patterns: mass‐like consolidation (with air bronchogram) and mass‐like opacity.ResultsSix patients had histologically confirmed local recurrence, including 83% (5/6) with mass‐like opacity pattern and one case of modified conventional pattern (P = 0.02). In contrast, the non‐recurrent group exhibited only 7% (5/75) with mass‐like opacity and 13% (10/75) with mass‐like consolidation pattern. Five patients with local recurrence presented with the mass‐like opacity pattern, compared with 33% of patients (5/15) from the non‐recurrent group (P = 0.01) and showed an increase in maximum diameter at ≥12 months after SBRT. The recurrent group also had a significantly higher standardized uptake value (SUVmax) than the non‐recurrent group (P < 0.001), with all values >5 (range: 5.7–25.4).ConclusionThe following characteristics of mass‐like fibrosis should be considered indicators of local recurrence after SBRT: opacity pattern, increasing maximum diameter, and SUVmax > 5.
Do Problem‐Solving Skills Affect Success in Nursing Process Applications? An Application Among Turkish Nursing Students
Authors: Bayindir Çevik Ayfer , Olgun Nermin 
Published: August 2014

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the relationship between problem‐solving and nursing process application skills of nursing.MethodsThis is a longitudinal and correlational study. The sample included 71 students. An information form, Problem‐Solving Inventory, and nursing processes the students presented at the end of clinical courses were used for data collection.FindingsAlthough there was no significant relationship between problem‐solving skills and nursing process grades, improving problem‐solving skills increased successful grades.ConclusionsProblem‐solving skills and nursing process skills can be concomitantly increased.Clinical RevelanceStudents were suggested to use critical thinking, practical approaches, and care plans, as well as revising nursing processes in order to improve their problem‐solving skills and nursing process application skills.
Statistical Characteristics of the Weighted Inter‐Rater Reliability Index for Clinically Validating Nursing Diagnoses
Authors: de Oliveira Lopes Marcos Venícios , da Silva Viviane Martins , de Araujo Thelma Leite , da Silva Filho José Vieira 
Published: August 2014

PurposeTo analyze the statistical characteristics of the weighted inter‐rater reliability index for validating nursing diagnoses.MethodsFrom a computational algorithm, the index values were compared with the sample size, frequency of the clinical indicator, number of agreements between raters, and three other agreement estimators.FindingsThe index moderately correlated with the frequency of the clinical indicator and strongly correlated with the number of agreements and disagreements between the raters. This index showed a poor correlation with sample size.ConclusionThis index selects those clinical indicators with high frequency and/or absolute agreement and therefore has a high sensitivity.Implications for Nursing PracticeThe high sensitivity may result in incorporating false positive clinical indicators.
Cognitive recovery after ambulatory anaesthesia based on desflurane or propofol: a prospective randomised study
Authors: LINDQVIST M. , SCHENING A. , GRANSTROM A. , BJORNE H. , JAKOBSSON J. G. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThe impact of anaesthetic agents on cognitive recovery during the first post‐operative week in a middle‐aged population undergoing general anaesthesia is insufficiently studied. We hypothesised that patients receiving anaesthesia based on desflurane would have a quicker recovery and regain cognitive capacity faster than patients receiving anaesthesia based on propofol.MethodsWe performed a prospective, randomised, single‐blinded study comparing the effects of desflurane and propofol as primary anaesthetic agents on cognitive recovery in 59 American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System I–II women undergoing breast surgery. Cognitive recovery was evaluated using the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire and a modified version of the Post‐operative Quality of Recovery Scale.ResultsPost‐operative cognitive recovery according to Cognitive Failure Questionnaire was 65% and 66% at 72 h, and 71% and 72% at 1 week for the desflurane and the propofol groups, respectively. Recovery according to Post‐operative Quality of Recovery Scale was 52% and 50% at 2 h, increasing to 71% and 87% at 48 h for the desflurane and the propofol groups, respectively. At the final point of measurement (Cognitive Failure Questionnaire 1 week, Post‐operative Quality of Recovery Scale 48 h), many of the patients had still not reached their baseline cognitive performance. There was no difference in overall cognitive recovery between the desflurane and propofol groups.ConclusionCognitive recovery was not complete 1 week after surgery in any of the groups. There was no difference in the rate of cognitive recovery in middle‐aged patients receiving desflurane or propofol anaesthesia during ambulatory breast surgery.
Minimum 5‐year follow‐up of 1138 consecutive laparoscopic radical prostatectomies
Authors: Soares Ricardo , Di Benedetto Antonina , Dovey Zach , Bott Simon , McGregor Roy G. , Eden Christopher G. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo investigate the long‐term outcomes of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).Patients and MethodsIn all, 1138 patients underwent LRP during a 163‐month period from 2000 to 2008, of which 51.5%, 30.3% and 18.2% were categorised into D'Amico risk groups of low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk, respectively. All intermediate‐ and high‐risk patients were staged by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography and isotope bone scanning, and had a pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), which was extended after April 2008. The median (range) patient age was 62 (40–78) years; body mass index was 26 (19–44) kg/m2; prostate‐specific antigen level was 7.0 (1–50) ng/mL and Gleason score was 6 (6–10). Neurovascular bundle was preservation carried out in 55.3% (bilateral 45.5%; unilateral 9.8%) of patients.ResultsThe median (range) gland weight was 52 (14–214) g. The median (range) operating time was 177 (78–600) min and PLND was performed in 299 patients (26.3%), of which 54 (18.0%) were extended. The median (range) blood loss was 200 (10–1300) mL, postoperative hospital stay was 3 (2–14) nights and catheterisation time was 14 (1–35) days. The complication rate was 5.2%. The median (range) LN count was 12 (4–26), LN positivity was 0.8% and the median (range) LN involvement was 2 (1–2). There was margin positivity in 13.9% of patients and up‐grading in 29.3% and down‐grading in 5.3%. While 11.4% of patients had up‐staging from T1/2 to T3 and 37.1% had down‐staging from T3 to T2. One case (0.09%) was converted to open surgery and six patients were transfused (0.5%). At a mean (range) follow‐up of 88.6 (60–120) months, 85.4% of patients were free of biochemical recurrence, 93.8% were continent and 76.6% of previously potent non‐diabetic men aged <70 years were potent after bilateral nerve preservation.ConclusionsThe long‐term results obtainable from LRP match or exceed those previously published in large contemporary open and robot‐assisted surgical series.
Number of positive preoperative biopsy cores is a predictor of positive surgical margins (PSM) in small prostates after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP)
Authors: Tuliao Patrick H. , Koo Kyo C. , Komninos Christos , Chang Chien H. , Choi Young D. , Chung Byung H. , Hong Sung J. , Rha Koon H. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of prostate size on positive surgical margin (PSM) rates after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and the preoperative factors associated with PSM.Patients and MethodsIn all, 1229 men underwent RARP by a single surgeon, from 2005 to August of 2013. Excluded were patients who had transurethral resection of the prostate, neoadjuvant therapy, clinically advanced cancer, and the first 200 performed cases (to reduce the effect of learning curve). Included were 815 patients who were then divided into three prostate size groups: <31 g (group 1), 31–45 g (group 2), >45 g (group 3). Multivariate analysis determined predictors of PSM and biochemical recurrence (BCR).ResultsConsole time and blood loss increased with increasing prostate size. There were more high‐grade tumours in group 1 (group 1 vs group 2 and group 3, 33.9% vs 25.1% and 25.6%, P = 0.003 and P = 0.005). PSM rates were higher in prostates of <45 g with preoperative PSA levels of >20 ng/dL, Gleason score ≥7, T3 tumour, and ≥3 positive biopsy cores. In group 1, preoperative stage T3 [odds ratio (OR) 3.94, P = 0.020] and ≥3 positive biopsy cores (OR 2.52, P = 0.043) were predictive of PSM, while a PSA level of >20 ng/dL predicted the occurrence of BCR (OR 5.34, P = 0.021). No preoperative factors predicted PSM or BCR for groups 2 and 3.ConclusionA preoperative biopsy with ≥3 positive cores in men with small prostates predicts PSM after RARP. In small prostates with PSM, a PSA level of >20 ng/dL is a predictor of BCR. These factors should guide the choice of therapy and indicate the need for closer postoperative follow‐up.
Oncological outcomes after partial vs radical nephrectomy in renal cell carcinomas of ≤7 cm with presumed renal sinus fat invasion on preoperative imaging
Authors: Koo Kyo Chul , Kim Jong Chan , Cho Kang Su , Choi Young Deuk , Hong Sung Joon , Yang Seung Choul , Ham Won Sik 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo compare oncological outcomes of partial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN) for renal tumours of ≤7 cm in which preoperative imaging reveals potential renal sinus fat invasion (cT3a), as RN is preferred for these tumours due to concerns about high tumour stage.Patients and MethodsAmong 1137 nephrectomies performed for renal tumours of ≤7 cm from January 2005 to August 2012, 401 solitary cT3a renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) without metastases were analysed. Classification as cT3a included only renal sinus fat invasion, as there were no tumours with suspected perinephric fat invasion. Multivariate models were used to evaluate predictors of recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS).ResultsThere were 34 RCCs (8.5%) with unexpected perinephric fat invasion, but only 77 RCCs (19.2%) were staged as pT3a. During the median follow‐up of 43.0 months, recurrence occurred in seven (6.7%) PN cases and 25 (8.4%) RN cases. Six recurred PN cases had positive surgical margins (PSMs). The two cohorts showed equal oncological outcomes for 5‐year RFS and CSS. Multivariate analyses showed PSM, pathological T stage, sarcomatoid dedifferentiation, and type of surgery as significant predictors of recurrence. Older age, pathological T stage, and sarcomatoid dedifferentiation were significant predictors of cancer‐specific mortality.ConclusionsRenal tumours of ≤7 cm with presumed renal sinus fat invasion were mostly pT1. PN conferred equivalent oncological outcomes to RN. If clear surgical margins can be obtained, PN should be considered for these tumours, as patients may benefit from renal function preservation.
Why ratio dependence is (still) a bad model of predation
Authors: Abrams Peter A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe history of the idea that predation rates are functions of the ratio of prey density to predator density, known as ratio dependence, is reviewed and updated. When the term was introduced in 1989, it was already known that higher predator abundance often reduced an individual predator's average intake rate of prey. However, the idea that this effect was a universally applicable inverse proportionality was new. That idea was widely criticized in many articles in the early 1990s, and many of these criticisms have never been addressed. Nevertheless, ratio dependence seems to be gaining in popularity and is the subject of a recent monograph by the originators. This article revisits the most important objections to this theory, and assesses to what extent they have been answered by the theory's proponents. In this process, several new objections are raised. The counterarguments begin with the lack of a plausible, generally applicable mechanism that could produce ratio dependence. They include the fact that ratio dependence is a special case of predator‐density effects, which, in turn, are only one of many non‐prey species effects that influence the consumption rate of a particular prey. The proclaimed simplicity advantage of ratio dependence is at best small and is outweighed by its disadvantages; it predicts biologically implausible phenomena, and cannot easily be extended to describe multi‐species systems, trait‐mediated interactions, coevolution, and a number of other important ecological phenomena. Any potential small simplicity advantage disappears with corrections to remove unrealistic low‐density dynamics caused by ratio dependence. The frequent occurrence of strong predator dependence does not make ratio dependence a better ‘default’ model of predation than prey dependence, and empirical studies of the full range of non‐prey species effects on the consumption rates of predators are needed.
Memory Considerations for Low Energy Ray Tracing
Authors: Kopta D. , Shkurko K. , Spjut J. , Brunvand E. , Davis A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe propose two hardware mechanisms to decrease energy consumption on massively parallel graphics processors for ray tracing. First, we use a streaming data model and configure part of the L2 cache into a ray stream memory to enable efficient data processing through ray reordering. This increases L1 hit rates and reduces off‐chip memory energy substantially through better management of off‐chip memory access patterns. To evaluate this model, we augment our architectural simulator with a detailed memory system simulation that includes accurate control, timing and power models for memory controllers and off‐chip dynamic random‐access memory . These details change the results significantly over previous simulations that used a simpler model of off‐chip memory, indicating that this type of memory system simulation is important for realistic simulations that involve external memory. Secondly, we employ reconfigurable special‐purpose pipelines that are constructed dynamically under program control. These pipelines use shared execution units that can be configured to support the common compute kernels that are the foundation of the ray tracing algorithm. This reduces the overhead incurred by on‐chip memory and register accesses. These two synergistic features yield a ray tracing architecture that reduces energy by optimizing both on‐chip and off‐chip memory activity when compared to a more traditional approach.
Physical activity and sitting time in bariatric surgery patients 1–16 years post‐surgery
Authors: Herman K. M. , Carver T. E. , Christou N. V. , Andersen R. E. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryPhysical activity (PA) is an important adjunct to bariatric surgery in the treatment of severe obesity; however, patient PA levels prior to and in the short‐term following surgery are usually low. Scarce data exist describing PA and sedentary behaviours in the long term following surgery. The objectives were to describe PA and sitting time in bariatric patients 1–16 years post‐surgery and assess their associations with patient, surgery and weight‐loss characteristics. A total of 398 bariatric patients (73% female; mean age 47 ± 11 years, mean 6 ± 4 years since surgery) completed a telephone questionnaire. Patients reported moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA: # sessions week−1 ≥30 min), sitting time (h d−1) and change in PA and sitting time vs. pre‐surgery (more/same/less). Associations with patient, surgery and weight‐loss characteristics were assessed. Only 53% of patients reported ≥1 session week−1 MVPA, mean sitting time was 7 ± 4 h d−1, 74% of patients reported more PA and 53% reported less sitting, now vs. pre‐surgery. Age, sex, smoking status, pre‐surgery body mass index, time‐since‐surgery and percent excess weight lost were significantly associated with PA and/or sitting outcomes. Patients currently experiencing ≥50% excess weight loss had over three times the odds of reporting ≥1 session week−1 MVPA (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 3.28 [1.57, 6.89]) and almost four times greater odds of reporting ‘more’ PA vs. pre‐surgery (3.78 [2.15, 6.62]) compared with their less successful counterparts. Results point to low PA and high sedentariness among bariatric patients in the long‐term following surgery, associated with several characteristics. Associations with long‐term weight management highlight the need for tailored interventions to promote active living in this patient population.
Putting People on the Map through an Approach That Integrates Social Data in Conservation Planning
Authors: STEPHANSON SHERI L. , MASCIA MICHAEL B. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractConservation planning is integral to strategic and effective operations of conservation organizations. Drawing upon biological sciences, conservation planning has historically made limited use of social data. We offer an approach for integrating data on social well‐being into conservation planning that captures and places into context the spatial patterns and trends in human needs and capacities. This hierarchical approach provides a nested framework for characterizing and mapping data on social well‐being in 5 domains: economic well‐being, health, political empowerment, education, and culture. These 5 domains each have multiple attributes; each attribute may be characterized by one or more indicators. Through existing or novel data that display spatial and temporal heterogeneity in social well‐being, conservation scientists, planners, and decision makers may measure, benchmark, map, and integrate these data within conservation planning processes. Selecting indicators and integrating these data into conservation planning is an iterative, participatory process tailored to the local context and planning goals. Social well‐being data complement biophysical and threat‐oriented social data within conservation planning processes to inform decisions regarding where and how to conserve biodiversity, provide a structure for exploring socioecological relationships, and to foster adaptive management. Building upon existing conservation planning methods and insights from multiple disciplines, this approach to putting people on the map can readily merge with current planning practices to facilitate more rigorous decision making.Poner a la Gente en el Mapa por Medio de una Estrategia que Integra Información Social en la Planeación de la Conservación
Applications of Very High‐Resolution Imagery in the Study and Conservation of Large Predators in the Southern Ocean
Authors: LARUE MICHELLE A. , KNIGHT JOSEPH 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Southern Ocean is one of the most rapidly changing ecosystems on the planet due to the effects of climate change and commercial fishing for ecologically important krill and fish. Because sea ice loss is expected to be accompanied by declines in krill and fish predators, decoupling the effects of climate and anthropogenic changes on these predator populations is crucial for ecosystem‐based management of the Southern Ocean. We reviewed research published from 2007 to 2014 that incorporated very high‐resolution satellite imagery to assess distribution, abundance, and effects of climate and other anthropogenic changes on populations of predators in polar regions. Very high‐resolution imagery has been used to study 7 species of polar animals in 13 papers, many of which provide methods through which further research can be conducted. Use of very high‐resolution imagery in the Southern Ocean can provide a broader understanding of climate and anthropogenic forces on populations and inform management and conservation recommendations. We recommend that conservation biologists continue to integrate high‐resolution remote sensing into broad‐scale biodiversity and population studies in remote areas, where it can provide much needed detail.Aplicaciones de Imágenes de Muy Alta Resolución en el Estudio y Conservación de Grandes Depredadores en el Océano Antártico