bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mirror Movements After Stroke Suggest Facilitation From Nonprimary Motor Cortex: A Case Presentation
Authors: Caronni Antonio , Sciumé Luciana , Ferpozzi Valentina , Blasi Valeria , Castellano Antonella , Falini Andrea , Perucca Laura , Cerri Gabriella 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhen stroke occurs in adulthood, mirror movements (MMs; involuntary movements occurring in 1 hand when performing unilateral movements with the contralateral hand) in the paretic hand rarely occur. We present a case of an apparently healthy 54‐year‐old man presenting with MMs in his left (nondominant) hand. Further evaluation revealed diminished strength and dexterity in left hand, increased spinal excitability, decreased corticospinal excitability, occurrence of ipsilateral motor responses, enlarged cortical motor representation, and imaging findings consistent with a previously undiagnosed right‐subcortical stroke. MMs and ipsilateral motor responses may reflect the increased spinal motor neurons' excitability sustained by the spared nonprimary ipsilesional motor areas.
Evidence for specific adaptations of fossil benthic foraminifera to anoxic–dysoxic environments
Authors: Meilijson Aaron , Ashckenazi-Polivoda Sarit , Illner Peter , Alsenz Heiko , Speijer Robert P. , Almogi-Labin Ahuva , Feinstein Shimon , Püttmann Wilhelm , Abramovich Sigal 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt has generally been argued that the majority of fossil benthic foraminifera, the most common proxy for paleo bottom oceanic conditions, could not tolerate anoxia. Here we present evidence that fossil foraminifera were able to successfully colonize anoxic–dysoxic bottom waters, by using adaptations similar to those found in living species. Our study is based on a multi proxy micropaleontological and geochemical investigation of the Upper Cretaceous sediments from the Levant upwelling regime. A shift from buliminid to diverse trochospiral dominated assemblages was recorded in an interval with a distinct anoxic geochemical signature coinciding with a regional change in lithology. This change was triggered by an alteration in the type of primary producers from diatoms to calcareous nannoplankton, possibly causing modifications in benthic foraminiferal morphological and physiological adaptations to life in the absence of oxygen.Our data show that massive blooms of triserial (buliminid) benthic foraminifera with distinct apertural and test morphologies during the Campanian were enabled by their ability to sequester diatom chloroplasts and associate with bacteria, in a similar manner as their modern analogs. Diverse trochospiral forms existed during the Maastrichtian by using nitrate instead of oxygen for their respiratory pathways in a denitrifying environment. Species belonging to the Stilostomellidae and Nodosariidae families might have been affected by the change in food type arriving to the seafloor after the phytoplankton turnover at the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary, in a similar manner as their mid Pleistocene descendants prior to their extinction. This study promotes the need for a re-evaluation of the current models used for interpreting paleoceanographic data and demonstrates that the identification of adaptations and mechanisms involved in promoting sustained life under anoxic to dysoxic conditions should become a standard in faunal paleoceanographic studies.
On the homotopy groups of the self-equivalences of linear spheres
Authors: Libman Assaf 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLet S(V) be a complex linear sphere of a finite group G. Let S(V)*n denote the n-fold join of S(V) with itself and let aut G(S(V)*) denote the space of G-equivariant self-homotopy equivalences of S(V)*n. We show that for any k ≥ 1 there exists M > 0 that depends only on V such that |πk autG(S(V)*n)|≤ M for all n ≫0.
Khadi Curtains and Swadeshi Bed Covers: Textiles and the changing possibilities of home in western India, 1900–1960
Authors: McGOWAN ABIGAIL 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn examining the remarkable expansion of India's textile production in the late colonial period, many scholars have identified consumption trends as shaping the relative success of mills as opposed to handlooms. That scholarship, however, has focused on only one component of consumption: clothing. This article explores another important area of cloth consumption in western India: non-clothing textiles. Across classes, urban dwellers used curtains and furnishing fabrics to try to improve comfort and create privacy—two qualities in short supply in cities like Bombay and Ahmedabad, where the pressures of rapidly growing populations came into conflict with new sanitary demands to open up houses to light and air. More broadly, non-clothing textiles helped to negotiate the novel conditions of urban life, where people moved regularly, homes were increasingly open to non-kin visitors, men and women shared space in new ways, and elite women were aesthetic arbiters of domestic space. While clothing choices in the late colonial period have often been studied in the context of nationalism, this article argues that nationalism was only one factor among many that shaped the use of household furnishing fabrics; equally, or more importantly, new ideas of ‘home’ led to and were expressed in expanded fabric use in urban western India.
Decoding the mechanical fingerprints of biomolecules
Authors: Dudko Olga K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe capacity of biological macromolecules to act as exceedingly sophisticated and highly efficient cellular machines – switches, assembly factors, pumps, or motors – is realized through their conformational transitions, that is, their folding into distinct shapes and selective binding to other molecules. Conformational transitions can be induced, monitored, and manipulated by pulling individual macromolecules apart with an applied force. Pulling experiments reveal, for a given biomolecule, the relationship between applied force and molecular extension. Distinct signatures in the force–extension relationship identify a given biomolecule and thus serve as the molecule's ‘mechanical fingerprints’. But, how can these fingerprints be decoded to uncover the energy barriers crossed by the molecule in the course of its conformational transition, as well as the associated timescales? This review summarizes a powerful class of approaches to interpreting single-molecule force spectroscopy measurements – namely,analytically tractableapproaches. On the fundamental side, analytical theories have the power to reveal the unifying principles underneath the bewildering diversity of biomolecules and their behaviors. On the practical side, analytical expressions that result from these theories are particularly well suited for a direct fit to experimental data, yielding the important parameters that govern biological processes at the molecular level.
Patch-burn grazing (PBG) as a livestock management alternative for fire-prone ecosystems of North America
Authors: Scasta J.D. , Thacker E.T. , Hovick T.J. , Engle D.M. , Allred B.W. , Fuhlendorf S.D. , Weir J.R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMany rangelands of the world are fire dependent and display a strong interaction between fire and grazing on animal behavior, productivity and ecosystem processes. The application of this fire–grazing interaction as patch-burn grazing (PBG) has recently been promoted in North America to conserve biodiversity and as an alternative for livestock management in fire-prone ecosystems to enhance forage quality and other production benefits. PBG is functionally applied by burning spatially and temporally discrete patches to allow livestock to choose where and when to graze. However, considering that the primary intent of PBG in fire-dependent ecosystems has been for the conservation of biodiversity, we synthesized the peer-reviewed literature to assess PBG as an alternative strategy for livestock management in fire-prone ecosystems. We reviewed the literature to assess PBG as an alternative livestock management approach to optimize animal production and conserve biodiversity in fire-prone ecosystems. We reviewed the results of 83 studies that focused on two main areas: (1) livestock production and inputs and (2) maintaining or improving ecosystem functioning and biodiversity to support sustainable livestock production. PBG can optimize cattle production by offsetting input costs such as supplemental feed, insecticides, herbicides, mechanical brush control, veterinary costs and cross-fencing. PBG can also maintain native herbaceous plant communities that are the resource base for cattle grazing enterprises by reducing woody plant encroachment, stimulating above- and below-ground biomass of native perennial grasses, enhancing nutrient cycling and optimizing plant diversity. PBG creates a habitat mosaic critical for many trophic levels of wildlife, particularly grassland birds, which are currently in decline. Further research is needed to clarify the potential environmental gradients defining applicability of PBG, economic outcomes of PBG, potential gastro-intestinal parasite control with PBG and other metrics of animal production. Overall, PBG is a viable management approach to improve productivity and biodiversity in fire-regulated grassland ecosystems in a manner supported by both fire and grazing disturbances. This is especially true when these communities have other organisms that depend on periodic disturbance and interaction with large animal grazing and is supported by ample empirical research.
First record of the Red Sea shrimp-goby Cryptocentrus caeruleopunctatus in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Rothman Shevy B.S. , Goren Menachem 
Published: October 2015

We report a first record of the alien fishCryptocentrus caeruleopunctatusin the Mediterranean Sea. The fish was found along the northern coast of Israel. This finding increases the number of Red Sea gobies in the Mediterranean to six, and the number of shrimp-gobies to two. A dense colony of this species was observed at depths of 20–30 m in the Rosh Ha'nikra-Achziv Nature Reserve.
Faith inspiration in a secular world: An Islamic perspective on humanitarian principles
Authors: Salek Lucy V. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn recent years, there has been more and more interaction and engagement between “faith-based” organizations (FBOs) and secular humanitarian organizations. While humanitarian organizations operate under the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence, it is often believed that faith-based organizations cannot be neutral or impartial due to their religious identity and agenda. Drawing on the research of Islamic Relief Worldwide, this article looks critically at connections that can be drawn between Islamic religious principles and those upheld as key to secular humanitarian action. The article outlines the Islamicmaqasid al-Shari'ahframework as an example of how religious-based approaches can provide a basis for humanitarian action that is both relevant to Islamic communities and complementary to humanitarian principles.
Experiments in global democracy: The cases of UNITAID and the FAO Committee on World Food Security
Authors: FRAUNDORFER MARKUS 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA growing literature explores how global governance mechanisms can be made more effective and democratic to tackle trans-boundary development challenges like global epidemics, global poverty or climate change. The international system today is characterized by an increasing influence of non-state actors gradually undermining the prominent role of the state. Considering this new reality, the focus of analysis has increasingly shifted towards examining the fundamental role of non-state actors, in particular from civil society, in building democratic global governance mechanisms. The literature still says little about joint governance efforts of both state and non-state actors to promote democracy on the global level. This article examines two global governance mechanisms, UNITAID and the FAO Committee on World Food Security, which were created by the joint action of state and non-state actors to tackle trans-boundary development challenges. Departing from the ideal type of democratic polycentrism this article argues that both mechanisms can be seen as encouraging experiments in global democracy. This analysis attempts to show that democratic polycentrism may prove to be a useful theoretical blueprint for pursuing more democratic global governance mechanisms and that more democracy on the global level depends on the joint activities of democratic states and civil society actors.
Global constitutionalism and the responsibility to protect
Authors: TACHEVA BLAGOVESTA , BROWN GARRETT WALLACE 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThere is recent scholarship suggesting that theResponsibility to Protect(R2P) has now emerged as a master concept in relation to responding to mass atrocity crimes and that the R2P can further be seen as representative of an emerging global constitutional norm. In critical response, this article provides the first attempt to systematically investigate R2P’s relationship with global constitutionalisation as well as to explore its wider implication with regard to global constitutionalism. In doing so, the article examines existing discussions of R2P and global constitutionalism, tracks the normative evolution of R2P in order to determine its current ‘stage’ ofnorm diffusion, and further attempts to locate the extent to which the R2P can be perceived as also part of a process of global constitutionalisation. From this analysis the article concludes that although the R2P could be labelled as, at best, a weak emerging norm, it fails to meet the more demanding signifier of an emerging constitutional norm and that there is further evidence to suggest that the R2P might be better understood as a stalled or degenerating norm.
Defining the minimal peptide sequence of the ING1b tumour suppressor capable of efficiently inducing apoptosis
Authors: Boyko A , Riabowol K 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe ING1b protein is a type-II tumour suppressor and stoichiometric member of the Sin3 histone deacetylase (HDAC) protein complex in which it acts to target HDAC activity to regulate chromatin structure. Altering ING1 levels by ectopic expression of ING1b in cancer cells promotes apoptosis, whereas altering levels by knockout in normal murine fibroblasts alters sensitivity to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. We have identified a minimal region of ING1b capable of inducing levels of apoptosis in targeted cells as effectively as full-length ING1b, using transient overexpression of ING1b fragments followed by the Annexin V assay. We observed high levels of apoptosis in 14 of 14 cancer cell lines tested. Infecting triple-negative tumorigenic MDA-MB-468 breast cancer, U2OS or Saos-2 cells at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) ranging from 10 to 20 rapidly triggered apoptosis in ~80% of infected cells within 48 h. This was not due to the effects of virus, as infection at the same MOI with a control adenovirus expressing GFP was not effective in inducing apoptosis. When used at low MOIs, the ING1b fragment showed a cell-killing efficacy that was higher than native, full-length ING1b. Using a doxycycline-regulated inducible p53 expression system demonstrated that apoptosis induced by the ING1b fragment was p53 independent. Given the growing importance of combination therapies, we evaluated whether there was synergism between the ING1b fragment and HDAC inhibitors. Combination treatments with TSA, LBH 589 and SAHA reduced cancer cell survival by 3.9–4.7-fold as compared with single-drug treatment, and resulted in ~90% reduction in cell survival. Normalized isobologram analysis confirmed strong synergism between the ING1b fragment and drugs tested. These findings provide support for using ING1b-derived therapeutics as adjuvant treatments in combination with existing epigenetic therapies.
High ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids in fat-1 mice prevent streptozotocin-induced Purkinje cell degeneration through BDNF-mediated autophagy
Authors: Bak Dong Ho , Zhang Enji , Yi Min-Hee , Kim Do-Kyung , Lim Kyu , Kim Jwa-Jin , Kim Dong Woon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLoss of Purkinje cells has been implicated in the development of diabetic neuropathy and this degeneration is characterized by impairment of autophagic processes. We evaluated whether fat-1 transgenic mice, a well-established animal model that endogenously synthesizes ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFA), are protected from Purkinje cell degeneration in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated model with fat-1 mice. STZ-treated fat-1 mice did not develop hyperglycemia, motor deficits, or Purkinje cell loss. The expression of LC3 I, II, Beclin-1 and p62 were increased in the cerebellum of STZ-treated wild-type mice and these expressions were more increased in STZ-treated fat-1 mice, but not of p62. Moreover, cerebellar Rab7, Cathepsin D and ATP6E were increased in STZ-treated fat-1 mice. There was also increased BDNF expression in Purkinje cells without any changes in TrkB and phosphorylation of Akt and CREB in the cerebellums of fat-1 mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that STZ-treated fat-1 mice were protected from Purkinje cell loss and exhibited increased BDNF signaling, enhancing autophagic flux activity in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. These processes may underlie Purkinje cell survival and may be potential therapeutic targets for treatment of motor deficits related to diabetic neuropathy.
Ezh2 is involved in radial neuronal migration through regulating Reelin expression in cerebral cortex
Authors: Zhao Linnan , Li Jun , Ma Yuanlin , Wang Jiutao , Pan Wen , Gao Kai , Zhang Zhengrong , Lu Tianlan , Ruan Yanyan , Yue Weihua , Zhao Shanting , Wang Lifang , Zhang Dai 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRadial migration of pyramidal neurons is an important event during the development of cerebral cortex. Neurons experience series of morphological and directional transitions to get to their final laminar positions. Here we report that the histone methyltransferase enhancer of zest homolog 2 (Ezh2) is involved in the regulation of cortical radial migration. We show that Ezh2 knockdown leads to disturbed neuronal orientation, which results in the impairment of radial migration. Further results reveal that this migration deficiency may be due to the derepression of Reelin transcription in the migrating neurons. Our study provides evidence that epigenetic regulation of Reelin by Ezh2 maintains appropriate Reelin expression pattern to fulfill proper orientation of migrating neurons.
Radioluminescence and photoluminescence of Th:CaF2 crystals
Authors: Stellmer Simon , Schreitl Matthias , Schumm Thorsten 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe study thorium-doped CaF2 crystals as a possible platform for optical spectroscopy of the 229Th nuclear isomer transition. We anticipate two major sources of background signal that might cover the nuclear spectroscopy signal: VUV-photoluminescence, caused by the probe light and radioluminescence, caused by the radioactive decay of 229Th and its daughters. We find a rich photoluminescence spectrum at wavelengths above 260 nm and radioluminescence emission above 220 nm. This is very promising, as fluorescence originating from the isomer transition, predicted at a wavelength shorter than 200 nm, could be filtered spectrally from the crystal luminescence. Furthermore, we investigate the temperature-dependent decay time of the luminescence, as well as thermoluminescence properties. Our findings allow for an immediate optimization of spectroscopy protocols for both the initial search for the nuclear transition using synchrotron radiation, as well as future optical clock operation with narrow-linewidth lasers.
Nucleosome alterations caused by mutations at modifiable histone residues in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Liu Hongde , Wang Pingyan , Liu Lingjie , Min Zhu , Luo Kun , Wan Yakun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNucleosome organization exhibits dynamic properties depending on the cell state and environment. Histone proteins, fundamental components of nucleosomes, are subject to chemical modifications on particular residues. We examined the effect of substituting modifiable residues of four core histones with the non-modifiable residue alanine on nucleosome dynamics. We mapped the genome-wide nucleosomes in 22 histone mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and compared the nucleosome alterations relative to the wild-type strain. Our results indicated that different types of histone mutation resulted in different phenotypes and a distinct reorganization of nucleosomes. Nucleosome occupancy was altered at telomeres, but not at centromeres. The first nucleosomes upstream (−1) and downstream (+1) of the transcription start site (TSS) were more dynamic than other nucleosomes. Mutations in histones affected the nucleosome array downstream of the TSS. Highly expressed genes, such as ribosome genes and genes involved in glycolysis, showed increased nucleosome occupancy in many types of histone mutant. In particular, the H3K56A mutant exhibited a high percentage of dynamic genomic regions, decreased nucleosome occupancy at telomeres, increased occupancy at the +1 and −1 nucleosomes and a slow growth phenotype under stress conditions. Our findings provide insight into the influence of histone mutations on nucleosome dynamics.
Nationwide trophic cascades: changes in avian community structure driven by ungulates
Authors: Palmer Georgina , Stephens Philip A. , Ward Alastair I. , Willis Stephen G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn recent decades, many ungulate populations have changed dramatically in abundance, resulting in cascading effects across ecosystems. However, studies of such effects are often limited in their spatial and temporal scope. Here, we contrast multi-species composite population trends of deer-sensitive and deer-tolerant woodland birds at a national scale, across Britain. We highlight the divergent fates of these two groups between 1994 and 2011 and show a striking association between the calculated divergence and a composite population trend of woodland deer. Our results demonstrate the link between changes in deer populations and changes in bird communities. In a period when composite population trends for deer increased by 46%, the community population trend across deer-sensitive birds (those dependent on understory vegetation) declined much more than the community trend for deer-tolerant birds. Our findings suggest that ongoing changes in the populations of herbivorous ungulates in many countries worldwide may help explain patterns of community restructuring at other trophic levels. Ungulate impacts on other taxa may require more consideration by conservation practitioners than they currently receive.