bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social disadvantage and individual vulnerability: A longitudinal investigation of welfare receipt and mental health in Australia
Authors: Kiely Kim M , Butterworth Peter 
Published: April 2013

Objective: To examine longitudinal associations between mental health and welfare receipt among working-age Australians. Method: We analysed 9 years of data from 11,701 respondents (49% men) from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. Mental health was assessed by the mental health subscale from the Short Form 36 questionnaire. Linear mixed models were used to examine the longitudinal associations between mental health and income support adjusting for the effects of demographic and socio-economic factors, physical health, lifestyle behaviours and financial stress. Within-person variation in welfare receipt over time was differentiated from between-person propensity to receive welfare payments. Random effect models tested the effects of income support transitions. Results: Socio-demographic and financial variables explained the association between mental health and income support for those receiving student and parenting payments. Overall, recipients of disability, unemployment and mature age payments had poorer mental health regardless of their personal, social and financial circumstances. In addition, those receiving unemployment and disability payments had even poorer mental health at the times that they were receiving income support relative to the times when they were not. The greatest reductions in mental health were associated with transitions to disability payments and parenting payments for single parents. Conclusions: The poor mental health of welfare recipients may limit their opportunities to gain work and participate in community life. In part, this seems to reflect their adverse social and personal circumstances. However, there remains evidence of a direct link between welfare receipt and poor mental health that could be due to factors such as welfare stigma or other adverse life events coinciding with welfare receipt for those receiving unemployment or disability payments. Understanding these factors is critical to inform the next stage of welfare reform.
Interference Between Accustomed Number–Space Mappings and Unacquainted Letter–Space Mappings in a Button Press Task
Authors: Tanaka Kanji , Watanabe Katsumi 
Published: April 2013

Objective: We aimed to investigate how ordered mappings (e.g., left-to-right and right-to-left order representations) would interfere with each other. Background: Mental representations of numbers and letters are linked with spatial representation and can be changed intentionally. Method: The experiment consisted of three sessions. In the digit-alone session, two digits randomly selected from [1], [2], and [3] were shown. If the two digits were the same, participants pressed the button corresponding to the digit, and if the digits differed, they pressed the remaining button. The response buttons were ordered [1][2][3] from the left. In the letter-alone session, three different button configurations were prepared: sequential [A][B][C], reversed [C][B][A], or partially reversed [B][A][C]. The same-versus-different rules were basically identical to those in the digit task. In the mixed session, trials of the digit task and those of the letter task were randomly mixed. Results: We found that two ordinal representations did not interfere with each other when they shared the same direction of order ([1][2][3] vs. [A][B][C]), two ordinal mappings interfered with each other when they had different directions of order ([1][2][3] vs. [C][B][A]), and an ordinal mapping ([1][2][3]) was affected by a nonordinal mapping ([B][A][C]), but the nonordinal mapping was less affected by the ordinal mapping. Conclusion: The mapping between ordinal information and space can be modulated by top-down processes, and it is prone to interference depending on the nature of another coexisting mapping. Application: Our findings may be used in designing response assignments for input devices for multiple functions.
Cell Junction Remodeling in Gingival Tissue Exposed to a Microbial Toxin
Authors: Damek-Poprawa M. , Korostoff J. , Gill R. , DiRienzo J.M. 
Published: April 2013

The gingival epithelium plays a key role in protecting the supporting structures of the teeth from bacteria and their products. In ex vivo experiments, we recently showed that the cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) from the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans causes extensive damage to gingival tissue. Morphological changes included detachment of the keratinized outer layer, distention of spinous and basal cells in the oral epithelium, disruption of rete pegs, and apparent dissolution of cell junctions. Adherens junctions (zonula adherens) are essential for maintaining barrier function and integrity of gingival epithelium. Therefore, immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analyses of human gingival explants (HGX) and human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC) were utilized for a closer examination of the effects of the Cdt on E-cadherin, the key membrane component of adherens junctions. Although there was some variability among tissue donors, exposure of gingival tissue or isolated epithelial cells to the toxin generally resulted in a pronounced increase in the expression and cytosolic distribution of E-cadherin, accompanied by an increase in levels of the intracellular scaffolding proteins β-catenin and β-actin. These results indicate that the Cdt induced substantial remodeling of adherens junctions, with a potential impact on the barrier function of gingival epithelium. Abbreviations: cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC), human gingival explants (HGX), human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), transepithelial resistance (TER).
The Process and Rationale for an Online Master’s Program in Diabetes Education and Management
Authors: Dickinson Jane K. , Scollan-Koliopoulos Melissa , Vergili Joyce Marcley , O’Connell Kathleen A. 
Published: April 2013

Purpose Although all certified diabetes educators have been required to have specific clinical training in a health discipline, graduate programs in diabetes education are relatively rare. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a different approach to educating diabetes educators: an interdisciplinary graduate degree in diabetes education and management. In addition to preparing more diabetes educators, a graduate degree encourages existing diabetes educators to expand their area of expertise and their leadership skills. The article provides a discussion of the current trend toward interprofessional education and describes the challenges associated with mounting an online graduate program. Conclusions Those who are engaged in or seeking a career in diabetes education are interested in a graduate degree in the specialty. Such a degree offers a route into diabetes education for those who are not currently in the field as well as a method for current diabetes educators to increase their expertise and their potential for leadership. The time has come to raise the professional standard for diabetes education by providing an academic preparation for diabetes educators.
Stroke Social Network Scale: development and psychometric evaluation of a new patient-reported measure
Authors: Northcott Sarah , Hilari Katerina 
Published: April 2013

Objective: To describe the development and psychometric evaluation of a new patient-reported measure that assesses a person’s social network in the first six months post stroke. Although it is known that the social networks of those with stroke and aphasia are vulnerable to change, there is currently no social network scale that has been validated for this population. Design and setting: Repeated measures psychometric study, evaluating internal consistency, construct validity, and responsiveness to change of the Stroke Social Network Scale. Participants were interviewed two weeks, three months and six months following a first stroke. Measures: Stroke Social Network Scale; Medical Outcomes Studies (MOS) Social Support Survey; National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39g; Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test. Results: 87 participants were recruited, of whom 71 were followed up at six months. Factor analysis was used with the Stroke Social Network Scale to derive five subdomains: satisfaction; children; relatives; friends; and groups, which explained 63% of variance. There was good evidence for the scale’s internal consistency (α = 0.85); acceptability; and convergent (r = 0.34; r = 0.53) and discriminant validity (r = −0.10; r = −0.19). It differentiated between those with high versus low perceived social support ( p = 0.01). Moderate changes from two weeks to six months supported responsiveness (d = 0.32; standardised response mean (SRM) = 0.46), with the friends factor, as expected, showing more change than the children’s factor (friends factor: d = 0.46; SRM = 0.50; children’s factor: d = 0.06; SRM = 0.19). Conclusions: The Stroke Social Network Scale is a new measure that demonstrates good internal consistency, validity and responsiveness to change.
Mr Imaging of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Additional Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and ADC Measurement
Authors: Kovač Jelena Djokić , Ješić Rada , Stanisavljević Dejana , Kovač Bojan , Maksimović Ružica 
Published: April 2013

Background Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a cholestatic liver disease with chronic inflammation and progressive destruction of biliary tree. Magnetic resonance (MR) examination with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) allows analysis of morphological liver parenchymal changes and non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis. Moreover, MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), as a part of standard MR protocol, provides insight into bile duct irregularities. Purpose To evaluate MR and MRCP findings in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and to determine the value of DWI in the assessment of liver fibrosis. Material and Methods The following MR findings were reviewed in 38 patients: abnormalities in liver parenchyma signal intensity, changes in liver morphology, lymphadenopathy, signs of portal hypertension, and irregularities of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated for six locations in the liver for b = 800 s/mm2. Results T2-weighted hyperintensity was seen as peripheral wedge-shaped areas in 42.1% and as periportal edema in 28.9% of patients. Increased enhancement of liver parenchyma on arterial-phase imaging was observed in six (15.8%) patients. Caudate lobe hypertrophy was present in 10 (26.3%), while spherical liver shape was noted in 7.9% of patients. Liver cirrhosis was seen in 34.2% of patients; the most common pattern was micronodular cirrhosis (61.5%). Other findings included lymphadenopathy (28.9%), signs of portal hypertension (36.7%), and bile duct irregularities (78.9%). The mean ADCs (×10-3mm2/s) were significantly different at stage I vs. stages III and IV, and stage II vs. stage IV. No significant difference was found between stages II and III. For prediction of stage ≥II and stage ≥III, areas under receiver-operating characteristic curves were 0.891 and 0.887, respectively. Conclusion MR with MRCP is a necessary diagnostic procedure for diagnosis of PSC and evaluation of disease severity. Moreover, DWI could be used in continuation with standard MR sequences for the evaluation of liver fibrosis stage and distribution.
The effect of gadolinium chelate contrast agent on diffusion-weighted imaging of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Kefu , Peng Weijun , Zhou Zhengrong 
Published: April 2013

Background There are only two studies that discuss the effect of a gadolinium chelate contrast agent on pancreatic diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). However, both studies only included normal pancreas and/or pancreas with pancreatitis and did not include pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Purpose To investigate the effect of gadolinium chelate contrast agent on DWI of PDA. Material and Methods Twenty-two patients (13 men, 9 women; mean age 62 years) with histopathologically proven PDA were included in this study. DWI was acquired before and after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist) with two b-values: 0 and 1000 s/mm2. The signal intensity (SI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the lesion were recorded for comparison. Results The mean time interval between the initiation of contrast administration and the start of the postcontrast DWI series was 393 s (range, 350–510 s). The SIs and SNRs of lesions of b1000 and b0 images of enhanced images were significantly higher than non-enhanced images ( P < 0.001, P < 0.001 for b1000 s/mm2; P = 0.001, P = 0.001 for b0 s/mm2). The ADC of all PDAs revealed no statistically significant difference between non-enhanced and enhanced images ( P = 0.709). There was also no significant difference between non-enhanced and enhanced images in subgroups based on grades of differentiation and locations of lesion. Conclusion With increasing SI and SNR of PDA, intravenous contrast administration does not result in a significant difference in quantitative ADC measurements when comparing precontrast to postcontrast DWI when acquired approximately 6–7 min after administration.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of renal cell carcinomas in patients with von Hippel Lindau disease: indications, techniques, complications, and outcomes
Authors: Park Byung Kwan , Kim Chan Kyo , Park Sung Yoon , Shen Shu-Huei 
Published: April 2013

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients with von Hippel Lindau (VHL) disease tends to be multifocal, bilateral, and recur or develop new tumors after removal. These characteristics make treating hereditary RCCs difficult for urologists or radiologists compared to treating a sporadic RCC. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally-invasive treatment for small hereditary RCCs associated with a low complication rate and a minimal decrease in renal function. No RFA guidelines have been established about what to treat and when and how to ablate RCCs in patients with VHL disease. Besides, reports on complications and treatment outcomes in this patient group are rare. The purpose of this review is to discuss the indications, techniques, complications, and outcomes of RFA in treating RCC in patients with VHL disease.
MRI findings with arthroscopic correlation for tear of discoid lateral meniscus: comparison between children and adults
Authors: Jung Jee Young , Choi Sang-Hee , Ahn Jin Hwan , Lee Seung Ah 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundDiscoid lateral meniscus is more susceptible to tear than normal meniscus. A comparison study for tear types of discoid lateral meniscus between children and adults has not been reported.PurposeTo compare tear type of surgically proven discoid lateral meniscus between adults and children, and to analyze diagnostic performance for tear type of discoid lateral meniscus using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Material and MethodsKnee MR examinations of 53 children and 84 adults who had discoid lateral menisci identified at arthroscopic surgery were retrospectively evaluated with consensus by two radiologists for tear type including displacement of torn meniscus. MRI findings were compared with surgery as the reference standard. The difference of tear type and displacement of torn meniscus between children and adults in arthroscopic finding was analyzed using the Fisher's exact test or the Chi-squared test with Bonferroni's correction.ResultsAt arthroscopy, complex tear (children, n = 22; adults, n = 56) and peripheral tear (children, n = 17; adults, n = 8) differed significantly between children and adults ( P = 0.006 for complex tear, P = 0.002 for peripheral tear). Displacement of torn meniscus was seen in 28 cases of children and 41 cases of adults, not a statistically significant difference. In children, the positive predictive value (PPV) for horizontal tears was 90%, for peripheral tears 60%, and for complex tears 57%. PPV in adults for horizontal tears was 78%, peripheral tears 25%, and for complex tears 89%.ConclusionComplex tears were more commonly found in adults than children and peripheral tears were more commonly found in children than adults. MRI has a high PPV for diagnosing the type of tear in discoid lateral meniscus for horizontal tears in children and adults and for complex tears in adults.
Perfusion MRI at rest in subacute and chronic myocardial infarct
Authors: Hopp Einar , Bjørnerud Atle , Lunde Ketil , Solheim Svein , Aakhus Svend , Arnesen Harald , Forfang Kolbjørn , Edvardsen Thor , Smith Hans-Jørgen 
Published: April 2013

Background Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and delayed contrast-enhanced MRI (DE-MRI) serve as tools for tissue characterization. Purpose To assess and compare semi-quantitative parameters of myocardial infarct (MI) in the subacute and chronic phase, and to correlate these parameters with qualitative enhancement analysis. Material and Methods Perfusion MRI at rest and DE-MRI were performed in 63 patients with anterior wall MI at 2–3 weeks after revascularization and repeated after 6 months. Descriptive enhancement parameters of contrast arrival time, initial upslope, enhancement at normal tissue peak (TTPn) and wash-out slope, and kinetic tissue parameters rBF, Ktrans, kep and ve were calculated. Subacute infarct tissue was compared to normal myocardium and chronic infarct tissue. Patients were stratified at baseline according to a qualitative grading of hypoenhancement based on first-pass enhancement and presence of microvascular obstruction (MO) at perfusion MRI and on persistent MO at DE-MRI. The qualitative grade was correlated to semi-quantitative perfusion MRI parameters. Results Initial upslope, enhancement at TTPn, rBF, and kep were decreased and wash-out slope and ve were increased in infarct tissue ( P < 0.001 for all analyses). Infarct tissue ve decreased from baseline to 6 months ( P = 0.045). At baseline infarct tissue with persistent MO revealed decreased Ktrans and delayed contrast arrival, and more pronounced decrease of enhancement at TTPn, rBF and kep compared to other enhancement groups ( P < 0.008 for pairwise analyses). Conclusion Perfusion is decreased in subacute reperfused infarct tissue compared to normal tissue. Ktrans is not decreased, consistent with increased surface area of the vascular bed of the subacute infarct. Infarct tissue ve is increased, and decreases with scarring. The presence of persistent MO correlates to more pronounced perfusion reduction and results in delayed contrast arrival, indicating microvascular collateral circulation.
MRI for occult physeal fracture detection in children and adolescents
Authors: Gufler Hubert , Schulze Christian Georg , Wagner Sabine , Baumbach Lutz 
Published: April 2013

Background Conventional radiography has limitations in the detection of physeal fractures before the closure of the physis occurs. Fracture detection may be improved by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Purpose To evaluate the usefulness of MRI for the detection of occult fractures involving the physis when radiography results are negative. Material and Methods In this prospective study, 24 children (age range, 3–15 years; mean age, 10.7 years) received MRI if they met the following criteria: acute joint trauma, swelling and tenderness around the joint, limitations in bearing weight, an open physis, and negative radiography results for fractures. Fractures revealed by the MRI were classified according to the Salter-Harris classification system. Joint effusion, bone marrow edema, and periosteal alterations were graded on a three-point scale. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test and Fisher's exact test were used for the statistical evaluation. Results From a total of 24 MR data-sets, 23 were evaluated (one patient was excluded due to poor MR image quality). Elbow injuries were present in 10 patients (43.5%), distal tibia injuries in 10 patients (43.5%), and distal femur injuries in three patients (13%). MRI results excluded physeal fractures in 15 (65.2%) of the 23 children. An occult physeal fracture was detected with MRI in eight (34.8%) patients; of these, five (21.7%) had fractures of the elbow, two (8.7%) had fractures of the distal tibia, and one (4.3%) had a fracture of the distal femur. All of the patients with fractures and 11 of the 15 patients without fractures demonstrated bone marrow edema. Conclusion The frequency of occult fracture, as detected by MRI, was 34.8%. Thus, MRI is a useful additional imaging method for the detection of occult fractures when radiography is negative.
Incidental detection of clinically unexpected breast lesions by computed tomography
Authors: Monzawa Shuichi , Washio Tetsuo , Yasuoka Rie , Mitsuo Manabu , Kadotani Yoichi , Hanioka Keisuke 
Published: April 2013

Background Increased use of computed tomography (CT) has resulted in greater detection of incidental breast lesions unrelated to the primary diagnostic inquiry. Purpose To investigate the morphology and clinical significance of breast abnormalities detected incidentally by conventional CT. Material and Methods A total of 2945 female patients underwent CT examinations of the body, including the chest, from May 2006 to April 2010. Two radiologists interpreted these CT scans independently and pointed out a mass or non-mass-like lesion as abnormalities in the breast. Patients who incidentally showed breast lesions on CT scans were identified by a computer-based search of the diagnostic reports and were enrolled in this study. The morphology and enhancement patterns of CT-detected breast lesions were evaluated according to BI-RADS-MRI. Results In total, 32 clinically unexpected abnormal breast lesions were found in 31 (1.1%) patients. Twenty-nine of the 32 lesions were detected by contrast-enhanced CT and three by unenhanced CT. Ten breast cancers were found in 10 patients (0.34%), which yielded the prevalence for malignancy of 31% (10/32). Invasive ductal carcinomas accounted for eight lesions, while two were ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS). Nine lesions were depicted as a mass and one DCIS was a non-mass-like lesion. Good morphological predictors of breast cancers for a mass were an irregular shape, a lobulated shape, and an irregular margin. Benign lesions accounted for 22 lesions from 21 patients (0.71%). Of these, 13 lesions in 13 patients were depicted as a mass and nine lesions in nine patients as a non-mass-like lesion. Conclusion Unexpected breast lesions can be identified as a mass or non-mass-like lesion on conventional chest CT scans. Among these, breast cancers that are not clinically apparent occur with considerable prevalence. We suggest that careful interpretation of the breast should be a routine part of CT examinations.