bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokines in Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Henden Andrea S. , Hill Geoffrey R. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation whereby transplanted naive and marrow-derived T cells damage recipient tissue through similar mechanisms to those that allow destruction of malignant cells, the therapeutic intent of bone marrow transplantation. The manifestations and severity of GVHD are highly variable and are influenced by the proportions of naive cells maturing along regulatory T cell, Th1, Th2, or Th17 phenotypes. This maturation is largely influenced by local cytokines, which, in turn, activate transcription factors and drive development toward a dominant phenotype. In addition, proinflammatory cytokines exert direct effects on GVHD target tissues. Our knowledge of the role that cytokines play in orchestrating GVHD is expanding rapidly and parallels other infective and inflammatory conditions in which a predominant T cell signature is causative of pathology. Because a broad spectrum of cytokine therapies is now routinely used in clinical practice, they are increasingly relevant to transplant medicine.
Histological Evaluation of Allium sativum Oil as a New Medicament for Pulp Treatment of Permanent Teeth
Authors: Raheel Syed Ahmed , Mohammad Shukry Gamal , Baroudi Kusai 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathology effects of two medicamentsAllium sativumoil and formocresol on the remaining pulp tissue of the permanent teething children.Materials and methodsA total of 18 premolars were included in this study. Two sound premolars were extracted and subjected to histological examination to show the normal pulp tissue. Pulpotomy procedure was performed in the rest of the remaining 16 premolars; half of them usingAllium sativumoil and the rest of the tested premolars were medicated using formocresol and all were sealed with suitable restoration. Then, premolars extracted at variable intervals (48 hours, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months), stained using hemotoxylin and eosin etain (H&E) and prepared for histopathology examination.ResultsHistological evaluation seemed far more promising forAllium sativumoil than formocresol. Histological evaluation revealed that teeth treated with Allium sativa oil showed inflammatory changes that had been resolved in the end of the study. On the contrary, the severe chronic inflammation of pulp tissue accompanied with formocresol eventually produced pulp necrosis with or without fibrosis. In addition, pulp calcification was evidenced in certain cases.ConclusionAllium sativumoil is a biocompatible material that is compatible with vital human pulp tissue. It offers a good healing potential, leaving the remaining pulp tissue healthy and functioning.How to cite this articleMohammad SG, Raheel SA, Baroudi K. Histological Evaluation ofAllium sativumOil as a New Medicament for Pulp Treatment of Permanent Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(2):85-90.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Facial Injuries: A Comparative Study
Authors: Raghuveer HP , Prashanth NT , Kumar R Dilip , Shobha ES , Rangan Vinod , Hullale Baswaraj 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the study was to identify the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients who had sustained facial injuries, additionally, we aimed to identify other variables that may modify the psychological response to trauma that include gender, age and presence of disfigurement posttreatment and visible scars/orthopedic injuries.

Materials and methods
Participants comprised of 460 patients from several multinodal trauma centers in Bengaluru City, Karnataka, who had sustained facial injuries that had healed either with or without significant disfigurement or scarring and with visible/orthopedic injuries. One hundred and eleven patients of the chosen 460 had sustained nondisfiguring facial injuries while 153 patients sustained disfiguring facial injuries, 64 patients who sustained facial injury (i.e. 19.5%) were lost to follow-up and were not included in the study. One hundred and thirty-two had sustained orthopedic/visible injuries; however, in this group, 18 (i.e. 13.6%) patients were lost to follow-up and were excluded from the study. The impact of events scale (IES) was used to check the presence of PTSD.

Results
Statistically significant higher means of IES were present in patients with disfiguring facial injuries compared to nondisfiguring facial injuries, female patients compared to male patients, patients with disfiguring facial injuries compared to orthopedic/visible injuries and patients who were younger than 50 years of age compared to patients who were older than 50 years of age and the results observed were similar at all three study intervals (date of discharge (DOD), 1 month and 6 months postoperatively).

Conclusion
Patients with disfiguring facial injuries had significantly higher PTSD levels compared to patients with nondisfiguring facial injuries, patients with orthopedic/visible injuries had statistically significant lower IES scores which could not be strictly termed PTSD when compared to patients with disfiguring facial injuries who had high scores of IES corresponding to high levels of PTSD and these results were observed at all three study intervals (DOD, 1 and 6 months postoperatively). Female patients with disfiguring facial injuries had significantly higher PTSD levels compared to male patients (at all the study intervals) and patients younger than 50 years of age had significantly higher PTSD levels compared to older patients.

How to cite this article
Prashanth NT, Raghuveer HP, Kumar RD, Shobha ES, Rangan V, Hullale B. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Facial Injuries: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(2):118-125.
Effect of Self-etch Primer-adhesive and Conventional Adhesive Systems on the Shear Bond Strength and Bond Failure of Orthodontic Brackets: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sanjay N , Rajesh RNG , Girish KS , Savakkanavar Malthesh B , Sreedhara S , Ankireddy Rajesh Kumar Reddy 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Prompt-L-Pop is a sixth generation bonding system contains methacrylated phosphoric acid esters that combine an acidic component for etching the enamel and a primer, is an all-in-one adhesive. This study was undertaken to compare the bonding strength of brackets to enamel with traditional bonding technique and the new Prompt-L-Pop system using the same composite resin.

Materials and methods
In this in vitro experimental study, 60 human premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment were collected. The samples were randomly divided into three groups comprising of 20 teeth in each group. Shear bond strength and ARI scores for the specimens were measured. Comparison was done using one way ANOVA and Chi-square test.

Results
Fourth generation bonding adhesive system depicted similar bond strength to fifth generation bonding adhesive system. Both fourth and fifth generation exhibited higher shear bond strength as compared to sixth generation bonding adhesive system.

Conclusion
Fourth and fifth generation exhibited higher shear bond strength as compared to sixth generation bonding adhesive system but the sixth generation has clinically acceptable shear bond strength. Also, it was found that sixth generation leaves less residual adhesive on the tooth after bracket removal.

How to cite this article
Sreedhara S, Savakkanavar MB, Rajesh RNG, Ankireddy RKR, Sanjay N, Girish KS. Effect of Self-etch Primer-adhesive and Conventional Adhesive Systems on the Shear Bond Strength and Bond Failure of Orthodontic Brackets: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(2):130-134.
Comparison of Shade of Ceramic with Three Different Zirconia Substructures using Spectrophotometer
Authors: Habib Syed Rashid , Shiddi Ibraheem F Al 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study assessed how changing the Zirconia (Zr) substructure affected the color samples after they have been overlaid by the same shade of veneering ceramic.

Materials and methods
Three commercial Zr materials were tested in this study: Prettau® Zirconia (ZirKonZahn, Italy), Cercon (Dentsply, Germany) and InCoris ZI (Sirona, Germany). For each system, 15 disk-shaped specimens (10 × 1 mm) were fabricated. Three shades of A1, A2 and A3.5 of porcelain (IPS e.MaxCeram, IvoclarVivadent, USA) were used for layering the specimens. Five specimens from each type of Zr were layered with same shade of ceramic. Color measurements were recorderd by a spectrophotometer Color-Eye® 7000A (X-Rite, Grand Rapids, MI). Mean values of L, a, b color coordinates and ?E were recorded and comparisons were made.

Results
Differences in the ΔE were recorded for the same porcelain shade with different Zr substructures and affected the color of the specimens (p < 0.01, ANOVA). The maximum difference between the ΔE values for the A1, A2 and A3.5 shades with three types of Zr substructures was found to be 1.59, 1.69 and 1.45 respectively. Multiple comparisons of the ΔE with PostHoc Tukey test revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the three types of Zr, except between Type 2 Zr and Type 3 Zr for the Shade A1. The mean values of L, a, b and ΔE for the Prettau® Zirconia substructure were found to be the least among the three types.

Conclusions
The brand of Zr used influences the final color of the all ceramic Zr based restorations and this has clinical significance.

How to cite this article
Habib SR, Al Shiddi IF. Comparison of Shade of Ceramic with Three Different Zirconia Substructures using Spectrophotometer. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(2): 135-140.
The Effect of Self-adhesive and Self-etching Resin Cements on the Bond Strength of Nonmetallic Posts in Different Root Thirds
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , de Jesus Tavarez Rudys Rodolfo , El-Mowafy Omar , Bandeca Matheus Coelho , Porto Thiago Soares , Bhandi Shilpa H , da Silva Monica Barros , de Assis Fernanda Silva , de Toledo Porto Neto Sizenando 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of self-adhesive and self-etching resin cements on the bond strength of nonmetallic posts in different root regions.

Materials and methods
Sixty single-rooted human teeth were decoronated, endodontically treated, post-space prepared, and divided into six groups. Glass-fiber (GF) posts (Exacto, Angelus) and fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts (EverStick, StickTeck) were cemented with self-adhesive resin cement (Breeze) (SA) (Pentral Clinical) and self-etching resin cement (Panavia-F) (SE) (Kuraray). Six 1-mm-thick rods were obtained from the cervical (C), middle (M), and apical (A) regions of the roots. The specimens were then subjected to microtensile testing in a special machine (BISCO; Schaumburg, IL, USA) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Microtensile bond strength data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests.

Results
Means (and SD) of the MPa were: GF/SA/C: 14.32 (2.84), GF/SA/M: 10.69 (2.72), GF/SA/A: 6.77 (2.17), GF/SE/C: 11.56 (4.13), GF/SE/M: 6.49 (2.54), GF/SE/A: 3.60 (1.29), FRC/SA/C: 16.89 (2.66), FRC/SA/M: 13.18 (2.19), FRC/SA/A: 8.45 (1.77), FRC/SE/C: 13.69 (3.26), FRC/SE/M: 9.58 (2.23), FRC/SE/A: 5.62 (2.12). The difference among the regions was statistically significant for all groups (p < 0.05). The selfadhesive resin cement showed better results than the selfetching resin cement when compared to each post (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences in bond strengths of the resin cements when comparable to each post (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
The bond strength values were significantly affected by the resin cement and the highest values were found for self-adhesive resin cement.

How to cite this article
da Silva MB, de Jesus Tavarez RR, de Assis FS, Tonetto MR, Porto TS, Bhandi SH, El-Mowafy O, de Toledo Porto Neto S, Bandeca MC. The Effect of Self-adhesive and Self-etching Resin Cements on the Bond Strength of Nonmetallic Posts in Different Root Thirds. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(2):147-153.
Hemisection: A Treatment Option for an Endodontically treated Molar with Vertical Root Fracture
Authors: Anitha S , Rao Deepika SC 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTVertical root fractures (VRF) in endodontically treated teeth have long been reported and pose diagnostic difficulties. A hemisection/root resection procedures removes the fractured fragments completely, and retains a portion of the compromized tooth offers a predictable treatment option. The key to this rests in ideal case selection involving balancing all indications and contraindications. The success of the treatment depends on careful case selection based on a firm set of guidelines. This article presents a case with VRF in an endodontic treated molar. This article describes the case of a 65-year-old man with a VRF on the mesial root and a healthy periodontium supporting the distal root making it ideal for retention as well as restoration and support of the final prosthesis. Also, the patient was motivated to try and save as much of the tooth as possible. Postoperatively no untoward complication was reported making it an alternative treatment option in patients with VRF in a molar, willing to retain the remaining tooth portion. With all other factors balanced, it allows for retaining the remaining intact portion of the tooth structure.How to cite this articleAnitha S, Rao DSC. Hemisection: A Treatment Option for an Endodontically Treated Molar with Vertical Root Fracture. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(2):163- 165.
De reikwijdte van de geheimhoudingsplicht
Authors: Helstone A.M. 
Published: May 2015

De reikwijdte van de geheimhoudingsplicht
De geheimhoudingsplicht is verbonden met loyaliteit en discretie. Bij schending van deze plicht rijst de vraag of een werknemer recht heeft op klokkenluidersbescherming. Hoofdregel is dat de werknemer eerst intern misstanden aan de orde moet stellen bij een leidinggevende of een andere competente autoriteit of competent orgaan.De Hoge Raad heeft zich nu voor het eerst expliciet uitgelaten over een mogelijke uitzondering als duidelijk is dat een interne melding geen effect zal hebben. Die uitzondering doet zich voor als de directie zelf op de hoogte is van de misstand. In cassatie had de werknemer zich ook nog beroepen op interne en wettelijke regels. Tegen deze achtergrond gaat de auteur na wat de reikwijdte van de uitzondering in dit geval is. Haar conclusie is dat een rechtvaardiging voor schending van geheimhouding nog steeds niet snel mag worden aangenomen.
Academische cultuur en wetenschappelijk wangedrag – en wat de relatie daartussen is
Authors: Beyens Kristel , van Swaaningen René 
Published: May 2015

Academic culture and scientific misconduct – and what the two have to do with each other
In this article, the questions why scientific misconduct has become a subject of criminological research and how scientific misconduct relates to a production-oriented academic culture are examined. It is argued that the current academic career path produces an anomic academic culture. The authors further examine the slippery notion of the term ‘scientific misconduct’ and conclude that questions about the prevalence or increase of scientific misconduct are hardly answerable. They also point at a number of undesirable side-effects of the emerging culture of distrust and control in academia, amongst which socially disengaged, highly predictable and little innovative research. They end with a plea to recapture a truly academic culture.
Ethische dilemma’s bij criminologisch onderzoek
Authors: van de Bunt Henk 
Published: May 2015

Ethical issues in criminological research
Recent years have seen a growing interest in scientific malpractice. In the Netherlands, for example, several major cases of plagiarism, fabrication of data and falsification of findings have come to light. The scandal surrounding the Dutch social psychologist Diederik Stapel, who simply made up the results of empirical research, prompted worldwide attention. As a result of these scandals, universities have, in the past few years, increased their efforts to better ensure the integrity of scientific research. In this process it is sometimes overlooked that scientific integrity is not a clear-cut concept. By examining three ethical issues relevant to criminological research, this article aims to illustrate that the assessment of integrity is a complicated matter. The first dilemma relates to maintaining confidentiality: how to ensure that the privacy of respondents is protected and the research will not harm their interests? The second dilemma has to do with the degree of openness and transparency required from the viewpoint of scientific accountability. How transparent can one be when it comes to conducting scientific research based on secret information and closed sources that are only accessible to the researchers? Finally, the third dilemma concerns the independent position of criminological research. What are the possibilities and limitations of free and independent research in the field of criminology?
‘Ik was echt zorgvuldig’
Authors: Müller Thaddeus 
Published: May 2015

‘I was really careful’ The career of a scientific fraudster
In this article I focus on the academic environment in which social psychologist Diederik Stapel worked and developed his career as a con academic. He published over 50 articles with fabricated data in top tier journals. This article is based on interviews with Stapel himself and document analysis. Especially, I pay attention to his socialization as an academic in his years at the University of Amsterdam, where he did his PhD (1986-2000). In my description of how social psychology developed in the nineties in Amsterdam it becomes clear that there was a strong emphasis on competition and publishing articles in top tier journals. Stapel conformed to this culture of competition and published almost as much as the two leading full professors of his department during the period 1995-2000. In the early nineties Stapel discovered that the use of questionable research procedures (QRPs) was common in social psychology. He realized that without using these procedures it was hardly possible to get good results and publish frequently in top tier journals. Though Stapel resented this partly and was disenchanted by this experience, he did integrate QRPs in his daily academic practice. He actually raised the issue of QRPs in a lecture in Oxford when he received the Jos Jaspars Early Career Award of the EAESP, but there was hardly any substantive response to his presentation. The academic culture in which Stapel developed his career can be described as ‘indifferent tolerant’. Though Stapel does refer to the circumstances which influenced his academic fraud, he does state that he himself is responsible for his massive scientific misconduct.
De l’ombre à la lumière : l’hypothèse de la renaissance de la filiation romano-germanique de la procédure civile québécoise
Authors: Hountohotegbè S. Axel-Luc 
Published: May 2015

La nature réelle du droit de la procédure civile du Québec est un sujet de controverse à la fois sémantique et conceptuel, tant en ce qui concerne les opinions doctrinales que les positions jurisprudentielles à ce sujet. L’évolution du droit, les changements de paradigme qui s’y opèrent, ainsi que les réformes récentes que connaît en particulier la procédure civile du Québec, et qui se sont concrétisées par l’adoption d’un nouveau Code de procédure civile, sont l’occasion d’une réflexion de fond sur la filiation du droit procédural québécois.
Le présent texte explore l’hypothèse de la résurgence de la filiation romano-germanique de la procédure civile du Québec à partir de l’analyse des péripéties historiques du droit de la province et des réformes qu’elle a connues. En effet, la fondation de la Nouvelle-France explique la filiation directe entre son droit et celui de la famille romano-germanique, puis la Conquête de la Nouvelle-France par l’Empire britannique explique la longue domination des concepts de common law dans la procédure civile du Québec. Il apparaît pourtant que dès le lendemain de la Conquête, la longue marche pour l’affirmation de sa filiation spécifique était entamée. L’étude des réformes les plus récentes que connaît la procédure civile du Québec, notamment l’adoption du nouveau Code de procédure civile, laisse éclore la résurgence de sa filiation romano-germanique au-delà de sa mixité communément admise. Ainsi, le nouveau Code de procédure civile du Québec tendrait à consacrer l’autonomie, les liens étroits et l’attachement à la tradition civiliste et à la filiation romano-germanique du droit de la procédure civile du Québec.
“Third Parties” and Democracy 2.0
Authors: Sirota Léonid 
Published: May 2015

Although the Supreme Court of Canada has described freedom of political, and
especially electoral, debate as the most important aspect of the protection of freedom of
expression in Canada, no debate in Canadian society is so regulated as that which takes
place during an electoral campaign. Parliament has set up—and the Supreme Court has
embraced—an “egalitarian model” of elections, under which the amount of money participants
in that debate can spend to make their views heard is strictly limited. “Third
parties”―those participants in pre-electoral debate who are neither political
parties nor candidates for office―are subject to especially strict expense
limits. In addition to limiting the role of money in politics, this regulatory approach was
intended to put political parties front and centre at election time.
This article argues that changes since the development of the “egalitarian model”
have undermined the assumptions behind it and necessitate its re-examination. On the one
hand, since the 1970s, political parties have been increasingly abandoning their role as
essential suppliers in the marketplace of ideas to the actors of civil society, such as
NGOs, unions, and social movements. On the other hand, over the last few years, the
development of new communication technologies and business models associated with “Web 2.0”
has allowed those who wish to take part in pre-electoral debate to do so at minimal or no
cost. This separation of spending and speech means that the current framework for regulating
the pre-electoral participation of third parties is no longer sufficient to maintain
political parties’ privileged position in pre-electoral debate. While the current regulatory
framework may still have benefits in limiting (the appearance of) corruption that can result
from the excessive influence of money on the political process, any attempts to expand it to
limit the online participation of third parties must be resisted.