bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What supports the emotional well-being of peer workers in an NHS mental health service?
Authors: Robertson Sam , Leigh-Phippard Helen , Robertson Donald , Thomson Abigail , Casey Jessica , Walsh Lucy Jane 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This study aims to explore the experiences of peers working in a range of roles within a single NHS mental health service. This study also aims to provide evidence of the impact of existing support, organisational structure and culture around peer working and provide recommendations for a Good Practice Guide for Peer Working. Peer roles require lived experience of mental health conditions and/or services. While the impact on them of using their own lived experience is not fully understood, anecdotal evidence suggests that peer workers may experience a greater emotional impact than other mental health workers. Burnout and retention are particular concerns.

Design/methodology/approach
This was a two-stage study using focus groups and reflexive thematic analysis in Stage 1. The key themes formed the basis of the Stage 2 workshop, which provided recommendations for a Good Practice Guide. The study team consisted of peer researchers with lived experience, supported by a Lived Experience Advisory Panel.

Findings
There is a perceived lack of support and an increased peer burden for peer workers. Recommendations included relevant ongoing training and development; support and supervision; and organisational cultural change.

Originality/value
Working within a peer-led co-production framework, this study contributes to the development of the evidence base for peer emotional labour. Based on the findings, a Good Practice Guide for Peer Working is being developed to promote good practice for the development of future peer worker roles.
Connection, disconnection and reconnection in peer support: a summary of the case of “Christopher”
Authors: Gray Benjamin Thomas , Sisto Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this service user paper and narrative is to highlight that peer support is not a continuous, easy or uniform process but given to disruption, fragmentation, breakdowns in relationships and hurdles. This is illustrated in a summary of the case of “Christopher”.

Design/methodology/approach
A reflective journal was kept, and participant observation was conducted for just under a year on the ward where Christopher was under Section.

Findings
Peer support can be given to fissure, breakages in relationships and discontinuity. This can negatively impact the mental health of peer support workers. With this in mind, it is vitally important to ensure that the people who take up this role are appropriately trained, supported and supervised. There needs to be a focus on “restorative” supervision and supervision by someone with experience of the peer support role as well as buddying between peer workers.

Originality/value
There is an abundance of literature and research on peer support in the community but little in the inpatient setting, making this paper novel and a contribution to understanding peer support on mental health wards.
Autonomy, motivation, knowledge and individual absorptive capacity as promoters of innovative behavior at work
Authors: Frate Flavia , Bido Diogenes 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the effect of diversity of knowledge and intrinsic motivation on individual absorptive capacity, its effect on innovative behavior at work, as well as the moderating effect of autonomy at work.

Design/methodology/approach
Data collection was carried out at the Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo – Metrô – obtaining 192 valid questionnaires, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling with partial least squares estimation.

Findings
Intrinsic motivation and diversity of prior knowledge have a direct effect on individual absorptive capacity (IAC) and an indirect effect on innovative work behavior (IWB). The relationship between IAC and IWB is strengthened as work autonomy increases (moderating effect).

Research limitations/implications
The results are not generalizable as this is a nonprobabilistic sample with respondents from the public sector who have job stability.

Practical implications
To encourage innovative behavior at work, the organization can implement practices that promote autonomy at work, and consider personal experiences that are not directly related to work during the selection and hiring process.

Social implications
By valuing life experience and autonomy at work and promoting innovative behavior at work, a working environment in which people feel good must be created.

Originality/value
The main highlights are the operationalization of the diversity of prior knowledge as a three-dimensional construct that promotes IAC, in addition to the moderating effect of autonomy at work.
Migration of humans fleeing conflict in the Lake Chad region may increase pressures on natural resources in Lake Fitri (Chad): A case study on waterbirds
Authors: Carenton Nicolas , Defos du Rau Pierre , Wachoum Abakar Saleh , Ducros Delphine , Suet Marie , Deschamps Clémence , Betoloum Maxime Rotoudjimbaye , Birard Julien , Djimasngar M' Baïti Narcisse , Kayser Yves , Petersen Ib Krag , Dias Jaime , Wachoum Mahamat Adoum , Portier Bruno , Koumbraït Audrey Mbagogo , Le Bel Sébastien , Mondain‐Monval Jean‐Yves 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Sustainable harvest of wildlife is a major food security and conservation issue. In Africa, where wildlife is harvested mainly for subsistence, this remains a challenge. In this study, using waterbirds as model for natural resources, we assessed the sustainability of harvest through fishing bycatch on Lake Fitri (Chad).

We estimated the abundance of 24 target taxa through aerial distance sampling over four consecutive years (2018–2021) and in parallel estimated the number of birds harvested through interviews of a sample of 105 out of approximately 5500 fishermen.

By modelling their potential excess growth, we found a high risk of overexploitation for four species, including the world‐threatened Black Crowned Crane Balearica pavonina, likely due to an influx of fishermen to Lake Fitri fleeing the Boko Haram security crisis.

Synthesis and applications: This work is likely the first quantitative approach of bird harvest sustainability in Africa. It should contribute to fill a methodological and an information gap in the strategic planification of several multilateral environmental agreements like the African‐Eurasian Waterbird Agreement and the Ramsar Convention. In particular, this work could help implementing adaptive management of natural resources (including birds) in Ramsar site management plans. African wetlands such as Lake Fitri may not be able to provide enough natural resources in the medium term for movements of displaced civilians forced by armed conflict into such biodiversity strongholds.
Risk perception, efficacies and disaster preparedness: A comparison between people with and without disability
Authors: Li Yingxiang , Chen Yung‐Fang , Wang Ziyi , Han Ziqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPersons with disabilities (PwDs) face a disproportionately high risk due to their physical or mental limitations and socioeconomic barriers during emergencies. To better understand and empower PwDs for disaster preparedness, this study used an updated national representative survey (2021 Federal Emergency Management Agency National Household Survey) from the United States to examine the differences between PwDs and their counterparts concerning disaster preparedness with the guidance of the protection motivation theory. The results of the Tobit regression models indicated that being disabled was negatively correlated with the level of preparedness. Furthermore, disability status significantly and negatively modified the relationship between risk perception and disaster preparedness. Likewise, self‐efficacy was less strongly correlated with preparedness activities if people self‐reported themselves as having a disability. Moreover, for people with disabilities, their beliefs about the effectiveness of preventive behaviours (response efficacy) predicted decreased adoption of preparedness measures. Promoting disaster risk reduction education, strengthening self‐efficacy and developing more inclusive and targeted intervention strategies for PwDs can be used to improve their preparedness degree and capacity for disaster prevention.
Effects of Medicaid managed care on early detection of cancer: Evidence from mandatory Medicaid managed care program in Pennsylvania
Authors: Kwon Youngmin , Roberts Eric T. , Cole Evan S. , Degenholtz Howard B. , Jacobs Bruce L. , Sabik Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine changes in late‐ versus early‐stage diagnosis of cancer associated with the introduction of mandatory Medicaid managed care (MMC) in Pennsylvania.Data Sources and Study SettingWe analyzed data from the Pennsylvania cancer registry (2010–2018) for adult Medicaid beneficiaries aged 21–64 newly diagnosed with a solid tumor. To ascertain Medicaid and managed care status around diagnosis, we linked the cancer registry to statewide hospital‐based facility records collected by an independent state agency (Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council).Study DesignWe leveraged a natural experiment arising from county‐level variation in mandatory MMC in Pennsylvania. Using a stacked difference‐in‐differences design, we compared changes in the probability of late‐stage cancer diagnosis among those residing in counties that newly transitioned to mandatory managed care to contemporaneous changes among those in counties with mature MMC programs.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsN/A.Principal FindingsMandatory MMC was associated with a reduced probability of late‐stage cancer diagnosis (−3.9 percentage points; 95% CI: −7.2, −0.5; p = 0.02), particularly for screening‐amenable cancers (−5.5 percentage points; 95% CI: −10.4, −0.6; p = 0.03). We found no significant changes in late‐stage diagnosis among non‐screening amenable cancers.ConclusionsIn Pennsylvania, the implementation of mandatory MMC for adult Medicaid beneficiaries was associated with earlier stage of diagnosis among newly diagnosed cancer patients with Medicaid, especially those diagnosed with screening‐amenable cancers. Considering that over half of the sample was diagnosed with late‐stage cancer even after the transition to mandatory MMC, Medicaid programs and managed care organizations should continue to carefully monitor receipt of cancer screening and design strategies to reduce barriers to guideline‐concordant screening or diagnostic procedures.
Dynamic nexus between natural resource rents, economic growth, and environmental quality: A comparative study between China and the US
Authors: Wang Daohua , Niu Ziheng , Li Ning , Zhang Yu , Zou Zongsen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEconomic development and environmental sustainability have recently become global priorities. This study utilizes the nonlinear autoregressive distribution lag model (NARDL) to investigate the asymmetric effects of natural resource rents on economic growth and environmental quality in China and the United States from 1970 to 2020. The findings indicate that natural resource rents exert asymmetric effects on economic growth and environmental quality in both countries; however, the impact patterns differ between the two countries. In the short term, a decrease in natural resource rents significantly increases GDP per capita in the US, while an increase in natural resource rents has no effect. Moreover, natural resource rents do not influence the ecological footprint in the US. By contrast, China's GDP per capita remains unaffected by natural resource rents, while the ecological footprint is significantly influenced by both positive and negative changes in natural resource rents, exhibiting asymmetric impacts. In the long run, an increase in natural resource rents significantly impacts both GDP per capita and the ecological footprint in the US, while a decrease only impacts the ecological footprint. By contrast, both increases and decreases in natural resource rents impact per capita GDP and the ecological footprint in China. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring country‐specific policies to facilitate sustainable economic development and enhance environmental quality.
Moringa oleifera seed methanol extract with consolidated antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer activities
Authors: El‐Fakharany Esmail M. , Elsharkawy Wafaa B. , El‐Maradny Yousra A. , El‑Gendi Hamada 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe wide biological activity of the Moringa oleifera represents a potential opportunity for developing selective cancer treatment drugs. The bioactive phytochemicals in Moringa seed extract (MSE) indicated large numbers of phytochemicals (21 compounds) with dominant abundance for cycloisolongifolene, 8,9‐dehydro‐9‐vinyl, and chamazulene accounting for 12.7% and 12.19% of the total detected compounds. The MSE showed a potent anticancer effect toward Caco‐2, MDA, and HepG‐2 cells with half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 9.15 ± 1.18, 4.85 ± 0.11, and 7.36 ± 0.22 µg/mL, respectively, with higher safety (≥31‐folds) toward normal human cells (IC50 of 150.7 ± 11.11 µg/mL). It appears that MSE stimulates selective‐dose‐dependent cell shrinkage, and nuclear condensation in the tumor cells, which finally induces the apoptosis pathway to increase its anticancer action. Additionally, MSE showed a potent capability to stimulate cell cycle arrest in both main checkpoint phases (G0/G1 and G2/M) of cell population growth. The apoptotic death stimulation was confirmed through upregulation of tumor protein p53 (p53) and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (p21) expression by more than three‐ to sixfold and downregulation of B‐cell lymphoma 2 expression (threefold) in MSE‐treated cells compared to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐treated tumor cells. Furthermore, the MSE revealed strong anti‐inflammatory activity with significant antioxidant activity by lowering nitric oxide levels and enhancing the superoxide dismutase activity. On the other hand, the MSE revealed broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity in a dose‐dependent manner against Staphylococcus aureus minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC of 1.25 mg/mL), followed by Salmonella typhimurium (MIC of 1.23 mg/mL), whereas Escherichia coli was the least sensitive to MSE activity (MIC of 22.5 mg/mL) with significant antibiofilm activity against sensitive pathogens.
SCARF2 is a target for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Evidence from multi‐omics research and cohort validation
Authors: Wang Sai , Yue Yuanyi , Wang Xueqing , Tan Yue , Zhang Qiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAge‐related chronic inflammatory lung diseases impose a threat on public health, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, their etiology and potential targets have not been clarified. We performed genome‐wide meta‐analysis for IPF with the largest sample size (2883 cases and 741,929 controls) and leveraged the summary statistics of COPD (17,547 cases and 617,598 controls). Transcriptome‐wide and proteome‐wide Mendelian randomization (MR) designs, together with genetic colocalization, were implemented to find robust targets. The mediation effect was assessed using leukocyte telomere length (LTL). The single‐cell transcriptome analysis was performed to link targets with cell types. Individual‐level data from UK Biobank (UKB) were used to validate our findings. Sixteen genetically predicted plasma proteins were causally associated with the risk of IPF and 6 proteins were causally associated with COPD. Therein, genetically‐elevated plasma level of SCARF2 protein should reduce the risk of both IPF (odds ratio, OR = 0.9974 [0.9970, 0.9978]) and COPD (OR = 0.7431 [0.6253, 0.8831]) and such effects were not mediated by LTL. Genetic colocalization further corroborated these MR results of SCARF2. The transcriptome‐wide MR confirmed that higher expression level of SCARF2 was associated with a reduced risk of both. However, the single‐cell RNA analysis indicated that SCARF2 expression level was only relatively lower in epithelial cells of COPD lung tissue compared to normal lung tissue. UKB data implicated an inverse association of serum SCARF2 protein with COPD (hazard ratio, HR = 1.215 [1.106, 1.335]). The SCARF2 gene should be a novel target for COP.
One‐year postpartum weight retention and glucose intolerance in women with prediabetes after gestational diabetes
Authors: Mievis Valérie , Minschart Caro , Myngheer Nele , Maes Toon , de Block Christophe , Bochanen Niels , van Pottelbergh Inge , Abrams Pascale , Vinck Wouter , Leuridan Liesbeth , Driessens Sabien , Billen Jaak , Matthys Christophe , Laenen Annouschka , Bogaerts Annick , Mathieu Chantal , Benhalima Katrien 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsTo determine risk factors for 1‐year postpartum weight retention (PPWR) and glucose intolerance (prediabetes + diabetes) in women with a previous history of gestational diabetes (GDM) and prediabetes in early postpartum.MethodsIn this exploratory analysis of the MELINDA randomized controlled trial, we report data of 167 women with prediabetes at the 6–16 weeks (early) postpartum oral glucose tolerance test after a recent history of GDM.ResultsOf all participants, 45% (75) had PPWR >0 kg at 1‐year postpartum. Compared to women without PPWR, women with PPWR had higher gestational weight gain [10.5 ± 6.4 vs. 6.5 ± 4.5 kg, p < 0.001], higher BMI (p < 0.01) and a worse metabolic profile (higher waist circumference, worse lipid profile and more insulin resistance) (all p < 0.05) both in early and late postpartum. Of all women with PPWR, 40.0% developed metabolic syndrome, compared to 18.9% of women without late PPWR (p = 0.003). The only independent predictor for late PPWR was weight retention in early postpartum (p < 0.001). Of all participants, 55.1% (92) had glucose intolerance (84 prediabetes, 8 diabetes) 1‐year postpartum. Independent predictors for late postpartum glucose intolerance were lower gestational age at start insulin therapy in pregnancy and delivery by caesarean section (resp. p = 0.044 and 0.014).ConclusionsIn women with a previous history of GDM and prediabetes in early postpartum, PPWR in early postpartum was a strong independent predictor for late PPWR, while earlier start of insulin therapy during pregnancy and delivery by caesarean section were independent predictors of glucose intolerance in late postpartum.
Defoliator outbreaks track with warming across the Pacific coastal temperate rainforest of North America
Authors: Howe Michael , Graham Elizabeth E. , Nelson Kellen N. 
Published: July 2024

The biogeography of irruptive insect herbivores is determined by host availability and climate conditions. As such, outbreak distributions are sensitive to climatic change, especially across large latitudinal gradients. Here, we investigate the outbreak distributions of two understudied defoliators, hemlock sawfly Neodiprion tsugae (Hymenoptera) and western blackheaded budworm Acleris gloverana (Lepidoptera), that have both recently impacted the greatest land area recorded across the Pacific coastal temperate rainforest since the establishment of aerial survey programs. We compiled polygon‐based estimates of insect damage collected by aerial observers, forest inventory, and downscaled climatic data to develop gridded estimates of bioclimatic conditions across the extent of the Pacific coastal temperate rainforest, including the continental United States, British Columbia and Alaska. We leveraged these data to develop ensemble machine learning models with the goal of predicting the outbreak distribution of each insect. In this manuscript we: 1) describe the historical patterns of defoliator outbreaks, 2) identify and describe climatic conditions associated with outbreaks in both species and 3) assess whether historic outbreaks have tracked geographic shifts in climate conditions across the region. We demonstrate that outbreaks of hemlock sawfly and western blackheaded budworm have been observed across the Pacific coastal temperature rainforests of North America in each decade since the establishment of the Canadian and United States aerial survey programs. The distribution of outbreaks by both insects were best explained by host availability, a limited range of spring, summer, and winter temperatures, and minimum precipitation. Finally, we demonstrate that outbreaks have tracked the poleward shift in suitable climate over the last century. This study establishes a baseline understanding of the climatic constraints and biogeographic patterns of historic sawfly and budworm outbreaks across the Pacific coastal temperate rainforest and emphasizes the overarching importance of climate in driving the irruptive dynamics of these defoliator species.Keywords: climate envelope, defoliators, hemlock sawfly, Pacific coastal temperate rainforest, population dynamics, western blackheaded budworm
Ecologically sustainable retention forestry supports spider biodiversity in the Lower Morava UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Hamřík Tomáš , Gallé Róbert , Košulič Ondřej 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Floodplain forests are among the most endangered ecosystems worldwide, even though they are hotspots for numerous taxa. The abandonment of traditional management and large‐scale timber extraction, such as clear‐cutting, has led to a decline in floodplain forest biodiversity. Retention forestry has the potential to facilitate the implementation of an ecologically sustainable forest management approach. Despite the increasing popularity of this method, its potential for spider diversity conservation, especially its comparison with the widespread practice of clear‐cutting, is still poorly studied.
We studied the short‐term effect of forestry treatments (dispersed retention with 60% retained trees and clear‐cutting) on the diversity of ground‐dwelling spiders in the floodplain forests along the Lower Morava (March) and Dyje (Thaya) rivers in the Czech Republic. Spiders were sampled using pitfall traps during 2021 (pre‐harvest year) and 2022 (post‐harvest year).
A total of 10,005 specimens from 167 species were recorded. Both forestry treatments simplified habitat structure compared with pre‐harvest conditions, resulting in lower beta‐diversity within sites. However, dispersed retention had higher alpha‐ and beta‐diversity than clear‐cuts, indicating that retention provided a more complex‐structured habitat. Dispersed retention and clear‐cuts hosted distinct spider assemblages with characteristic indicator species. Species typical of open and significantly disturbed habitats preferred clear‐cuts, while species typical of forests and (semi‐) open habitats, including threatened species, showed a preference for dispersed retention.
Our results demonstrated, for the first time, that dispersed retention forestry could serve as an effective management tool for conserving the ground‐dwelling assemblages of spiders in floodplain forests.