bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Active Packaging with Soy Edible Films and Oregano or Thyme Essential Oils for Oxidative Stability of Ground Beef Patties
Authors: Kodal Coşkun Betül , Çalikoğlu Eda , Karagöz Emiroğlu Zehra , Candoğan Kezban 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe effectiveness of soy‐based edible films (EF) incorporated with essential oils (EO) from oregano (OR, Oreganum heracleoticum L.) or thyme (TH, Thymus vulgaris L.) applied on oxidative stability of ground beef patties (GBP) was investigated at 4C for 12 days. Higher antioxidant activity by OR than TH EO was determined with a 2,2'‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging assay. Induction time of oxidation measured with the Rancimat test in lipids of GBP was extended with the addition of EOs to EFs. Lower peroxide and free fatty acidity (P < 0.05) values were determined with OR‐EF or TH‐EF, particularly at later stages of storage. Incorporation of EO from OR or TH into the EFs resulted in reduced, but acceptable, redness (a*) values (P < 0.05) in ground beef. This study suggests that the addition of OR or TH EOs into EFs as an antioxidant active packaging is effective in retarding oxidative changes in meats.Practical ApplicationsOxidation reactions are among the most important factors responsible for loss of quality in meat products. Packaging using edible films (EFs) with the inclusion of natural plant extracts is becoming a promising active packaging approach to control oxidative changes in food products during storage. This study was focused on the inclusion of thyme or oregano essential oils (EOs) into EF formulation to control oxidative changes in ground beef patties. Results indicate that inclusion of EOs as antioxidants into soy‐based EFs offers great potential in industrial applications for controlling oxidative changes in the manufacture of natural meat products.
Depression and All‐Cause Mortality in Persons with Diabetes Mellitus: Are Older Adults at Higher Risk? Results from the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes Study
Authors: Kimbro Lindsay B. , Mangione Carol M. , Steers W. Neil , Duru O. Kenrik , McEwen Laura , Karter Andrew , Ettner Susan L. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo compare the strength of the association between depression and mortality between elderly and younger individuals with diabetes mellitus.DesignA survival analysis conducted in a longitudinal cohort study of persons with diabetes mellitus to test the association between depression and mortality in older (≥65) and younger (18–65) adults.SettingManaged care.ParticipantsPersons aged 18 and older with diabetes mellitus who participated in the Wave 2 survey of the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) Study (N = 3,341).MeasurementsThe primary outcome was mortality risk, which was measured as days until death using linked data from the National Death Index. Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire.ResultsAfter controlling for age, sex, race and ethnicity, income, and other comorbidities, mortality risk in persons with diabetes mellitus was 49% higher in those with depression than in those without, although results varied according to age. After controlling for the same variables, mortality risk in persons aged 65 and older with depression was 78% greater than in those without. For those younger than 65, the effect of depression on mortality was smaller and not statistically significant.ConclusionThis analysis suggests that the effect of depression on mortality in persons with diabetes mellitus is most significant for older adults. Because there is evidence in the literature that treatment of depression in elderly adults can lead to lower mortality, these results may suggest that older adults with diabetes mellitus should be considered a high‐priority population for depression screening and treatment.
Effect of Medications on Physical Function and Cognition in Nursing Home Residents with Dementia
Authors: Dutcher Sarah K. , Rattinger Gail B. , Langenberg Patricia , Chhabra Pankdeep T. , Liu Xinggang , Rosenberg Paul B. , Leoutsakos Jeannie‐Marie , Simoni‐Wastila Linda , Walker Loreen D. , Franey Christine S. , Zuckerman Ilene H. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of medications used in the management of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) on cognition and activity of daily living (ADL) trajectories and to determine whether sex modifies these effects.DesignTwo‐year (2007–2008) longitudinal study.SettingMedicare enrollment and claims data linked to the Minimum Dataset 2.0.ParticipantsOlder nursing home (NH) residents with newly diagnosed ADRD (n = 18,950).MeasurementsExposures included four medication classes: antidementia medications (ADMs), antipsychotics, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers. Outcomes included ADLs and cognition (Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS)). Marginal structural models were employed to account for time‐dependent confounding.ResultsThe mean age was 83.6, and 76% of the sample was female. Baseline use of ADMs was 15%, antidepressants was 40%, antipsychotics was 13%, and mood stabilizers was 3%. Mean baseline ADL and CPS scores were 16.6 and 2.1, respectively. ADM use was not associated with change in ADLs over time but was associated with a slower CPS decline (slope difference: −0.09 points/year, 99% confidence interval (CI) = −0.14 to −0.03). Antidepressant use was associated with slower declines in ADL (slope difference: −0.36 points/year, 99% CI = −0.58 to −0.14) and CPS (slope difference: −0.12 points/year, 99% CI = −0.17 to −0.08). Sex modified the effect of both antipsychotic and mood stabilizer use on ADLs; female users declined most quickly. Antipsychotic use was associated with slower CPS decline (slope difference: −0.11 points/year, 99% CI = −0.17 to −0.06), whereas mood stabilizer use had no effect.ConclusionDespite the observed statistically significantly slower declines in cognition with ADMs, antidepressants, and antipsychotics and the slower ADL decline found with antidepressants, it is unlikely that these benefits are of clinical significance.
Empirical Comparison of Input‐Output Methods for Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Zhang Yi , Gibbemeyer Erin L. , Bakshi Bhavik R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article empirically evaluates the results from input‐output (I‐O) life cycle assessment (LCA) models of the United States for 2002, based on different sources of data: demand‐side survey data; supply‐side data with homogeneous prices; and supply‐side data with heterogeneous prices. These I‐O‐based results are also compared with those from process LCA databases. The underlying approach is based on the theoretical insight previously developed. The results show significant differences and offer useful heuristic insight: The survey‐based data set seems better for sectors that use a large amount of resources and have large intrasectoral transactions. But, it exhibits many missing values. Homogeneous price‐based calculation with supply‐side data is easiest because of minimal data needs and simplifying assumption on prices. The result shows relatively complete coverage and obeys mass and energy balances. The heterogeneous price‐based data set overcomes the price homogeneity assumption, but the result is sensitive to price accuracy. Overall, it is not possible to declare any currently available data sets to be the best, although survey‐ and heterogeneous price‐based data sets may be improved with more information. This insight is based on comparing direct consumption of fossil resources. Comparison of cumulative consumption reduces the disparities among data sets from error cancellation. Further comparison of process‐ and I‐O‐based inventories shows that the former values are often larger than the latter, with the two supply‐side data sets being closer to process‐based data. These results should be useful for choosing between available data to build the best possible I‐O and hybrid LCA models and for further research on enhancing their quality.
Exploring Space, Exploiting Opportunities
Authors: Schiller Frank , Penn Alexandra , Druckman Angela , Basson Lauren , Royston Kate 
Published: May 2014

SummaryIndustrial ecology (IE) has recognized the relevance of space in various areas of the field. In particular, industrial symbiosis has argued for proximity and the colocation of firms to reduce emissions and costs from transport. But, space is also relevant for industrial ecosystems more widely. These spatial principles have rarely been spelled out analytically and this article does so. From economic geography, we now have frameworks and analytical tools to undertake this kind of analysis. Using the example of ports and their hinterland, we argue for spatial analyses in IE.
Enabling Future Sustainability Transitions
Authors: Pincetl Stephanie , Chester Mikhail , Circella Giovanni , Fraser Andrew , Mini Caroline , Murphy Sinnott , Reyna Janet , Sivaraman Deepak 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThis synthesis article presents an overview of an urban metabolism (UM) approach using mixed methods and multiple sources of data for Los Angeles, California. We examine electric energy use in buildings and greenhouse gas emissions from electricity, and calculate embedded infrastructure life cycle effects, water use and solid waste streams in an attempt to better understand the urban flows and sinks in the Los Angeles region (city and county). This quantification is being conducted to help policy‐makers better target energy conservation and efficiency programs, pinpoint best locations for distributed solar generation, and support the development of policies for greater environmental sustainability. It provides a framework to which many more UM flows can be added to create greater understanding of the study area's resource dependencies. Going forward, together with policy analysis, UM can help untangle the complex intertwined resource dependencies that cities must address as they attempt to increase their environmental sustainability.
Common target genes of palatal and gingival fibroblasts for EMD: the microarray approach
Authors: Gruber R. , Stähli A. , Miron R. J. , Bosshardt D. D. , Sculean A. 
Published: May 2014

Background and ObjectiveConnective tissue grafts are frequently applied, together with Emdogain®, for root coverage. However, it is unknown whether fibroblasts from the gingiva and from the palate respond similarly to Emdogain. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of Emdogain® on fibroblasts from palatal and gingival connective tissue using a genome‐wide microarray approach.Material and MethodsHuman palatal and gingival fibroblasts were exposed to Emdogain® and RNA was subjected to microarray analysis followed by gene ontology screening with Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery functional annotation clustering, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins functional protein association network. Microarray results were confirmed by quantitative RT‐PCR analysis.ResultsThe transcription levels of 106 genes were up‐/down‐regulated by at least five‐fold in both gingival and palatal fibroblasts upon exposure to Emdogain®. Gene ontology screening assigned the respective genes into 118 biological processes, six cellular components, eight molecular functions and five pathways. Among the striking patterns observed were the changing expression of ligands targeting the transforming growth factor‐beta and gp130 receptor family as well as the transition of mesenchymal epithelial cells. Moreover, Emdogain® caused changes in expression of receptors for chemokines, lipids and hormones, and for transcription factors such as SMAD3, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma and those of the ETS family.ConclusionThe present data suggest that Emdogain® causes substantial alterations in gene expression, with similar patterns observed in palatal and gingival fibroblasts.
Cerebral blood flow increase in striatum by choreoathetosis: N‐isopropyl‐p‐[123I]iodoamphetamine single‐photon emission computed tomography findings
Authors: Kikyo Hideyuki , Yamamoto Masahiro , Yamada Hitoshi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA 75‐year‐old man presented choreoathetosis dominantly on his left side. Diffusion‐weighted imaging did not show abnormal intensities, whereas N‐isopropyl‐p‐[123I]iodoamphetamine single‐photon emission computed tomography showed a significant cerebral blood flow increase in the right striatum. The patient was treated with a D2‐blocker agent, and the choreoathetosis gradually decreased. The cerebral blood flow on the right striatum decreased by the following N‐isopropyl‐p‐[123I]iodoamphetamine single‐photon emission computed tomography. We discussed the mechanism of choreoathetosis from the perspective of the direct and indirect pathways in motor control.
Medication adherence in the transition of adolescent kidney transplant recipients to the adult care
Authors: Akchurin Oleh M. , Melamed Michal L. , Hashim Becky L. , Kaskel Frederick J. , Del Rio Marcela 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNon‐adherence is common in adolescent and young adult kidney transplant recipients, leading to adverse graft outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether adherence to immunosuppressant medications changes during transition from a pediatric to an adult program within the same transplant center. Adherence was assessed for a period of two yr before and two yr after the transfer. Subtherapeutic trough levels of serum tacrolimus and level variability were used as measures of adherence. Twenty‐five patients were transitioned between 1996 and 2011 at the median age of 22.3 [IQR 21.6–23.0] yr. Young adults 21–25 yr of age (n = 26) and non‐transitioned adolescents 17–21 yr of age (currently followed in the program, n = 24 and those that lost their grafts prior to the transfer, 22) formed the comparison groups. In the transitioned group, adherence prior to the transfer was not significantly different from the adherence after the transfer (p = 0.53). The rate of non‐adherence in the group of non‐transitioned adolescents who lost their grafts (68%) was significantly higher than in the transitioned group (32%, p = 0.01). In the group of young adults, adherence was not significantly different from the transitioned group (p = 0.27). Thus, transition was not associated with differences in medication adherence in this single‐center study. Large‐scale studies are needed to evaluate the national data on medication adherence after transfer.
The Impact of Political Instability on Inflation Volatility in Africa
Authors: Barugahara Florence 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates whether political instability leads to volatile inflation using a panel of 49 African countries. The study uses novel measures of political instability, particularly the state failure index and state fragility index. In the field of political instability and inflation volatility, this is the first study to measure inflation volatility as the conditional variance of inflation estimated from GARCH (1, 1) model. Adopting the system‐generalized method of moments estimator for linear dynamic panel models for the sample period 1985‐2009, the study documents a positive statistically significant effect of political instability on inflation volatility.
Liberalisation and Financial Sector Competition: A Critical Contribution to the Empirics with an African Assessment
Authors: Asongu Simplice 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates how financial, trade, institutional and political liberalisation policies have affected financial sector competition in Africa using updated data to appraise second‐generation reforms. The “freedom to trade” and “economic freedom” indices are employed. Hitherto, unexplored financial sector concepts of formalisation, semi‐formalisation, informalisation and non‐formalisation are also introduced. The following findings are established. First, relative to money supply, (i) with the exception of the economic freedom mechanism, liberalisation policies have generally decreased the growth of the formal financial sector to the benefit of other financial sectors; (ii) apart from the foreign direct investment and economic freedom channels, liberalisation policies have been fruitful for semi‐formal financial development at the cost of other financial sectors and; (iii) with the exception of economic freedom, both the informal and non‐formal sectors have developed owing to liberalisation to the detriment of the formal financial sector. Second, relative to gross domestic product, the semi‐formal, informal and/or non‐formal financial sectors have also generally improved as a result of liberalisation. Policy implications are discussed.
Supply‐chain Trade: A Portrait of Global Patterns and Several Testable Hypotheses
Authors: Baldwin Richard , Lopez‐Gonzalez Javier 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe trade associated with international production networks – supply‐chain trade for short – is associated with some of the most momentous global economic changes in the last 100 years. It has transformative implications for the world economy. This paper presents a portrait of the global pattern of supply‐chain trade and how it has evolved since 1995.
Tunneled Catheters with Taurolidine-Citrate-Heparin Lock Solution Significantly Improve the Inflammatory Profile of Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Fontseré Néstor , Cardozo Celia , Donate Javier , Soriano Alex , Muros Mercedes , Pons Mercedes , Mensa Josep , Campistol Josep M. , Navarro-González Juan F. , Maduell Francisco 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Mortality and morbidity are significantly higher among patients with dialysis catheters, which has been associated with chronic activation of the immune system. We hypothesized that bacteria colonizing the catheter lumen trigger an inflammatory response. We aimed to evaluate the inflammatory profile of hemodialysis patients before and after locking catheters with an antimicrobial lock solution. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured in serum, and levels of mRNA gene expression of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Samples were obtained at baseline and again after 3 months' use of taurolidine-citrate-heparin lock solution (TCHLS) in 31 hemodialysis patients. The rate of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) was 1.08 per 1,000 catheter-days in the heparin period and 0.04 in the TCHLS period (
P
= 0.023). Compared with the baseline data, serum levels of hs-CRP and IL-6 showed median percent reductions of 18.1% and 25.2%, respectively (
P
< 0.01), without significant changes in TNF-α or IL-10 levels. Regarding cytokine gene expression in PBMC, the median mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 decreased by 20% (
P
< 0.05) and 19.7% (
P
= 0.01), respectively, without changes in IL-10 expression levels. The use of TCHLS to maintain the catheter lumen sterility significantly reduces the incidence of CRBSI and improves the inflammatory profile in hemodialysis patients with tunneled catheters. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential beneficial effects on clinical outcomes.
New Insights into the Bacterial RNA Polymerase Inhibitor CBR703 as a Starting Point for Optimization as an Anti-Infective Agent
Authors: Zhu Weixing , Haupenthal Jörg , Groh Matthias , Fountain Michelle , Hartmann Rolf W. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
CBR703 was reported to inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) and biofilm formation, considering it to be a good candidate for further optimization. While synthesized derivatives of CBR703 did not result in more-active RNAP inhibitors, we observed promising antibacterial activities. These again correlated with a significant cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells. Furthermore, we suspect the promising effects on biofilm formation to be artifacts. Consequently, this class of compounds can be considered unattractive as antibacterial agents.
Putrescine Reduces Antibiotic-Induced Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism of Modulation of Antibiotic Resistance in Burkholderia cenocepacia
Authors: El-Halfawy Omar M. , Valvano Miguel A. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Communication of antibiotic resistance among bacteria via small molecules is implicated in transient reduction of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics, which could lead to therapeutic failures aggravating the problem of antibiotic resistance. Released putrescine from the extremely antibiotic-resistant bacterium
Burkholderia cenocepacia
protects less-resistant cells from different species against the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B (PmB). Exposure of
B. cenocepacia
to sublethal concentrations of PmB and other bactericidal antibiotics induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and expression of the oxidative stress response regulator OxyR. We evaluated whether putrescine alleviates antibiotic-induced oxidative stress. The accumulation of intracellular ROS, such as superoxide ion and hydrogen peroxide, was assessed fluorometrically with dichlorofluorescein diacetate, while the expression of OxyR and putrescine synthesis enzymes was determined in luciferase assays using chromosomal promoter-
lux
reporter system fusions. We evaluated wild-type and isogenic deletion mutant strains with defects in putrescine biosynthesis after exposure to sublethal concentrations of PmB and other bactericidal antibiotics. Exogenous putrescine protected against oxidative stress induced by PmB and other antibiotics, whereas reduced putrescine synthesis resulted in increased ROS generation and a parallel increased sensitivity to PmB. Of the 3
B. cenocepacia
putrescine-synthesizing enzymes, PmB induced only BCAL2641, an ornithine decarboxylase. This study reveals BCAL2641 as a critical component of the putrescine-mediated communication of antibiotic resistance and as a plausible target for designing inhibitors that would block the communication of such resistance among different bacteria, ultimately reducing the window of therapeutic failure in treating bacterial infections.
Tulathromycin Exerts Proresolving Effects in Bovine Neutrophils by Inhibiting Phospholipases and Altering Leukotriene B4, Prostaglandin E2, and Lipoxin A4Production
Authors: Fischer Carrie D. , Duquette Stephanie C. , Renaux Bernard S. , Feener Troy D. , Morck Douglas W. , Hollenberg Morley D. , Lucas Merlyn J. , Buret Andre G. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe accumulation of neutrophils and proinflammatory mediators, such as leukotriene B4(LTB4), is a classic marker of inflammatory disease. The clearance of apoptotic neutrophils, inhibition of proinflammatory signaling, and production of proresolving lipids (including lipoxins, such as lipoxin A4[LXA4]) are imperative for resolving inflammation. Tulathromycin (TUL), a macrolide used to treat bovine respiratory disease, confers immunomodulatory benefits via mechanisms that remain unclear. We recently reported the anti-inflammatory properties of TUL in bovine phagocytesin vitroand inMannheimia haemolytica-challenged calves. The findings demonstrated that this system offers a powerful model for investigating novel mechanisms of pharmacological immunomodulation. In the present study, we examined the effects of TUL in a nonbacterial model of pulmonary inflammationin vivoand characterized its effects on lipid signaling. In bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples from calves challenged with zymosan particles (50 mg), treatment with TUL (2.5 mg/kg of body weight) significantly reduced pulmonary levels of LTB4and prostaglandin E2(PGE2). In calcium ionophore (A23187)-stimulated bovine neutrophils, TUL inhibited phospholipase D (PLD), cytosolic phospholipase A2(PLA2) activity, and the release of LTB4. In contrast, TUL promoted the secretion of LXA4in resting and A23187-stimulated neutrophils, while levels of its precursor, 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [15(S)-HETE], were significantly lower. These findings indicate that TUL directly modulates lipid signaling by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory eicosanoids and promoting the production of proresolving lipoxins.