bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large electromagnetic simulation by hybrid approach on large‐scale parallel computing systems
Authors: Alexandru Mihai , Monteil Thierry , Lorenz Petr , Coccetti Fabio , Aubert Hervé 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis paper deals with the parallel computing and computation time prediction applied to computational electromagnetics based on rigorous methods for large and complex structures, such as tunnels and airplane cabins. The main objective of this work is represented by the electromagnetic computation of an airplane cabin in order to characterize the propagation channel for a given frequency inside the structure. A well‐known three‐dimensional numerical method, transmission‐line matrix, is adopted for this work. Transmission‐line matrix modelling method is applied to volumes, using the symmetrical condensed node. The planar structures are modelled with the mode matching approach. In order to analyse the electromagnetic field at high frequencies inside large structures as an airplane cabin, the transmission‐line matrix mesh step is very small compared with the size of the physical structure. Thus, the total amount of data that need to be processed exceeds the RAM memory presented on a traditional computing machine. The implementation of the parallel transmission‐line matrix algorithm is a viable solution to this problem taking full advantage of the parallel and distributed architectures, as clusters, grids and supercomputers. The results prove the benefits of the grid computing and supercomputer environments to solve electrically large structures. The parallel hybrid approach, based on Message Passing Interface, is designed for Single Programme Multiple Data programming model. The study highlights the role of parallelization scheme, grid versus supercomputer, with respect to the size of the problem and its repartition. In order to access the computing resources available on different parallel computing platforms, users need to respect a charter containing time and resource number restrictions when doing reservations. So, a time prediction model based on the profile of the transmission‐line matrix algorithm has been developed to allow safe reservations of the computing nodes on grid environment. To have a good agreement between the measured and the predicted values for the computation time, the problem of the cache misses appearing during the simulation has been considered in the profile‐based prediction model of the transmission‐line matrix/modal hybrid application, according to the processor cache memory size. The maximum error for the estimated values of the computation times is about 6.09%. The relevance of this work is based on the fact that is given a complete tool to deal with the large electromagnetic structures: a parallel transmission‐line matrix implementation to take the advantage of the distributed architectures and a time prediction model in order to optimize the resource reservation and the simulation execution on the computing nodes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assembly into β‐Sheet Structures upon Peptide–Liposome Conjugation through Copper(I)‐Catalyzed [3+2] Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition
Authors: Cavalli Silvia , Overhand Mark , Kros Alexander 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe random‐coil‐to‐β‐sheet transition of the (Leu‐Glu)4peptide motif is induced upon its conjugation to the liposome surface through “click” chemistry. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy enables the in situ monitoring of this reaction. A change in the peptide secondary structure is already observed within 15 min. The β‐sheet conformation becomes the dominant secondary structure after 45 min, as shown by the strong CD signal observed, which is typical for a β‐sheet peptide secondary structure.
Sulfonated Graphene Oxide as Effective Catalyst for Conversion of 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)‐2‐furfural into Biofuels
Authors: Antunes Margarida M. , Russo Patrícia A. , Wiper Paul V. , Veiga Jacinto M. , Pillinger Martyn , Mafra Luís , Evtuguin Dmitry V. , Pinna Nicola , Valente Anabela A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe acid‐catalyzed reaction of 5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐furfural with ethanol is a promising route to produce biofuels or fuel additives within the carbohydrate platform; specifically, this reaction may give 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural, 5‐(ethoxymethyl)furfural diethylacetal, and/or ethyl levulinate (bioEs). It is shown that sulfonated, partially reduced graphene oxide (S‐RGO) exhibits a more superior catalytic performance for the production of bioEs than several other acid catalysts, which include sulfonated carbons and the commercial acid resin Amberlyst‐15, which has a much higher sulfonic acid content and stronger acidity. This was attributed to the cooperative effects of the sulfonic acid groups and other types of acid sites (e.g., carboxylic acids), and to the enhanced accessibility to the active sites as a result of the 2D structure. Moreover, the acidic functionalities bonded to the S‐RGO surface were more stable under the catalytic reaction conditions than those of the other solids tested, which allowed its efficient reuse.
Comparative Plasma Chemical Reaction Studies of CH4/Ar and C2Hm/Ar (m = 2,4,6) Gas Mixtures in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Authors: Thejaswini H. C. , Peglow S. , Martens U. , Sushkov V. , Hippler R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPlasma chemical reactions in CH4/Ar and C2Hm/Ar (m = 2, 4, 6) gas mixtures in a dielectric barrier discharge at medium pressure (300 mbar) have been investigated. From mass spectrometry the production of H2 and formation of larger hydrocarbons such as CnHm with up to n = 12 is inferred. Hydrogen release is most pronounced for CH4 and C2H6 gas mixtures. Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy reveals the formation of substituted alkane (sp3), alkene (sp2), and alkyne (sp) groups from the individual gases which are used in this work. Abundant formation of acetylene occurs from C2H4 and to a lesser extent from C2H6 and CH4 precursor gases. The main reaction pathway of acetylene leads to the formation of large molecules via C4H2 and, eventually, to nano‐size particles. The experimental results are in reasonable agreement with simulations which predict a pronounced electron temperature and gas pressure dependency. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A resilient buffer allocation scheme in active queue management: a stochastic cooperative game theoretic approach
Authors: Hwang Jaehyun , Byun Sang‐Seon 
Published: February 2014

SummaryDuring the last decade, a plentiful number of active queue management schemes have been proposed, but their main objectives are simply allocating the buffer resource to all flows evenly, or protecting responsive flows from being degraded by unresponsive flows. However, the sending rates of the responsive flows can be determined diversely, and not all unresponsive flows have aggressively high sending rates. Furthermore, it is rational to reserve a portion of the buffer resource for certain privileged traffic. Grounded by these evidences, in this paper, we present a resilient active queue management algorithm, named Prior‐Core‐based Buffer Allocation considering diverse congestion control algorithms, fair‐unresponsive flows, and some privileged traffic. Our approach is based on stochastic cooperative game theory, where the payoffs yielded by cooperation are described by random variables, and the core is defined only over the distribution of these random payoffs; the core in this situation is called the prior‐core. As a result, it is shown that our buffer allocation, yielded by the prior‐core, achieves completely fair allocation for those flows whose requirement does not exceed the fair‐share regardless of the responsiveness, whereas aggressive flows are restricted according to availability of the buffer; all these are verified through ns‐2 simulation experiments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and Characteristics of High‐Performance PMASynRM with Ferrite Magnets
Authors: Sanada Masayuki , Inoue Yukinori , Morimoto Shigeo 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYRecently, the use of permanent magnet (PM) motors has risen markedly because of improvements in the performance of rare earth PM motors. However, the use of rare earth materials, which is an important aspect of the high‐performance PM motor, should be reduced because of the high cost and unpredictability associated with procuring such materials. The performance of motors that use rare earth materials has reached a very high level, one that will not be easy to match without such materials. In this paper, we propose a structure for a high‐power‐density PM‐assisted synchronous reluctance motor involving the use of a ferrite PM. The structure prevents irreversible demagnetization of the PM even in the presence of heavy flux‐weakening excitation or an inverter fault. It is shown that the proposed structure achieves high‐power and high‐efficiency performance. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 187(1): 42–50, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22362
An Adjusted Current Control System for Signal Injection‐Based Position Sensorless Control and Parameter Identification
Authors: Jung Suk‐Hwa , Ohnuma Takumi , Doki Shinji , Okuma Shigeru , Fujitsuna Masami 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a current controller for signal injection‐based control schemes such as those for parameter identification and position sensorless control. In a conventional current control system with voltage signal injection, the separation of the injected frequency components from the current is carried out by using band stop filters. However, the separation is not accurate, especially when the system is in the transient state and/or when the current controller bandwidth is close to the injected signal frequency. This leads to distortion of the transient response and affects the stability of the current control system. The proposed controller estimates the injected frequency components in the current on the basis of a motor model by using the injected signal as the input. Therefore, accurate signal separation is accomplished even in the transient state. The current controller's stability and dynamic performance are improved significantly. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposed method. Factors that play an important role in the implementation of the controller, such as time delay and parameter variation, are discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 187(1): 58–66, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22416
PFC Design via FRIT Approach for Adaptive Output Feedback Control of Discrete‐Time Systems
Authors: Mizumoto Ikuro , Takagi Taro , Fukui Sota , Shah Sirish L. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThis paper deals with a design problem of an adaptive output feedback control for discrete‐time systems with a parallel feedforward compensator (PFC), which is designed for making the augmented controlled system “Almost Strictly Positive Real” (ASPR). A PFC design scheme by a fictitious reference iterative tuning (FRIT) approach with only using an input/output experimental data set will be proposed for discrete‐time systems in order to design an adaptive output feedback control system. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed PFC design method will be confirmed through numerical simulations by designing an adaptive control system with adaptive NN (neural network) for an uncertain discrete‐time system. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 187(1): 24–32, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22456
Relationship Between Emergency Restoration Time of Power Distribution Lines After a Disaster and Geographical Characteristics of Affected Area
Authors: Sagai Shigeo , Terano Takao 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThe effect of an outage caused by a disaster is serious to a society, because power distribution lines are a common basic infrastructure for life support. Time estimation of the emergency restoration of power distribution lines after a disaster is an emerging problem for the safety and security of the society. But time estimation is a difficult problem and the only practical method in use is a simple approximation method, which does not take account of the geographical characteristics of the target area. Thus we have developed a method which can take account of the how the geographical features of the target area affect the estimation of emergency restoration time. In this paper we describe an experimental analysis using the method. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 187(1): 33–41, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22475
The amount of self‐antigen determines the effector function of murine T cells escaping negative selection
Authors: Swee Lee K. , Nusser Anja , Curti Maurus , Kreuzaler Matthias , Rolink Hannie , Terracciano Luigi , Melchers Fritz , Andersson Jan , Rolink Antonius 
Published: February 2014

Autoimmune diseases develop when self‐specific T cells that escaped negative selection initiate a harmful immune response against self. However, factors, which influence the initiation and progression of an autoimmune response remain incompletely understood. By establishing a double‐transgenic BALB/c mouse system in which different amounts of a cell‐surface neo‐self‐antigen are expressed under the CD11c promoter, we demonstrate that antigen dose dramatically influences T‐cell tolerance mechanisms. Moderate antigen expression in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells favors the development of antigen‐specific Treg cells and the establishment of a tolerogenic environment. In marked contrast, a high dose of antigen expression results in very stringent negative selection, in poor development of antigen‐specific Treg cells and in the early onset of anemia and splenomegaly and the late development of arthritis and high titers of IgG auto Abs. Disease is initiated by autoreactive T cells, which escape negative selection by expressing a second TCR with a different specificity or an altered affinity. Transfer of Ag‐specific Treg cells ameliorates the early onset signs of disease but does not prevent the development of long‐term chronic pathologies. Altogether, our results suggest that Ag dose directly affects Treg‐cell generation and thus, the set‐up of T‐cell tolerance.
Broadly Tunable Emission from CaMoO4:Bi Phosphor Based on Locally Modifying the Microenvironment Around Bi3+ Ions
Authors: Kang Fengwen , Peng Mingying , Xu Shanhui , Ma Zhijun , Dong Guoping , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe trivalent green element of bismuth, when doped into different compounds, can produce multiple emissions in ultraviolet, blue, green or even yellow spectral regimes. The emission adjustability comes from the susceptibility of bismuth naked 6s electrons to the crystal field particularly surrounding Bi3+. However, this has never been observed in a single compound. In this work, we report that broadly tunable bismuth emission indeed occurs even within the same host (CaMoO4) when the local microenvironment around Bi3+ is modified by intentional introduction of alkali ions. As the radius of the selected alkali ion decreases, the emission regularly blue‐shifts from 586 to 554 nm, and its intensity is enhanced greatly. For instance, the integrated intensity for the Li+ and Bi3+ codoped sample is 4.46 times stronger than the Bi3+ single‐doped sample upon excitation at 300 nm. Low‐temperature photoluminescence spectra surprisingly reveal that energy transfer can partially take place from the MoO42– group to Bi3+ at lower temperature when excited into the charge transfer state of the MoO42– group, however, this does not occur at higher temperature. The mechanism needs further study. Dynamic luminescence analysis between 10 and 300 K implies a population dependence of the excited states 3P0 and 3P1 on temperature that is responsible for the evolution of the Bi3+ emission lifetime with temperature.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of the Ternary Boride NbRuB with a Layerlike Structure Type
Authors: Mbarki Mohammed , Touzani Rachid St. , Fokwa Boniface P. T. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPowder samples and single crystals of the new ternary compound NbRuB were synthesized by arc‐melting of the elements in a water‐cooled crucible under an argon atmosphere. The samples have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements. Furthermore, the crystallographic, electronic, and bonding characteristics have been studied by density functional theory. The title compound crystallizes with a new orthorhombic structure type in the space group Pmma (no. 51) with the lattice parameters a = 10.870(2) Å, b = 3.173(1) Å, and c = 6.350(2) Å. The structure consists of two kinds of atomic layers: the first layer (at y = 0) contains niobium atoms and isolated boron atoms, and the second (at y = 0.5) contains ruthenium atoms and boron dumbbells. Electronic structure relaxation has confirmed the crystallographic parameters, and crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) bonding analysis indicates that the B–B bond is the strongest bond, but the numerous and relatively strong metal–boron and Nb–Ru bonds are responsible for the overall stability and indicate a three‐dimensional bonding character in the new compound.
Naphthoquinone Diels–Alder Reactions: Approaches to the ABC Ring System of Beticolin
Authors: Kramer Carsten S. , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe syntheses of highly substituted anthraquinones through Diels–Alder reaction by using naphthoquinones are described. As an application, the first synthesis of the ABC tricycle of beticolin 0 (1) is reported. By using substituted naphthoquinone monoketal dienophiles, the congested quarternary center, the alkenyl methyl group and the oxo‐substituent on the C ring could be established in the desired 1,3‐relationship. By switching to a 1,4‐naphthoquinone dienophile, cycloaddition reaction of sensitive substrates succeed with nearly quantitative yield at moderate temperatures.
Application of Non‐Stop‐Flow Differential Pulse Voltammetry at a Tubular Detector of Silver Solid Amalgam for Electrochemical Determination of Lomustine (CCNU)
Authors: Josypčuk Oksana , Barek Jiří , Josypčuk Bohdan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAn application of the flow differential pulse voltammetry with tubular detector based on silver solid amalgam for determination of antineoplastic drug lomustine in pharmaceutical preparations is presented. The highest sensitivity was obtained in [0.10 mol dm−3 MES; 2.00 mol dm−3 NaCl; pH 6.0]:EtOH (9 : 1) with flow rate 0.50 mL min−1, and the magnitude of the modulation amplitude −0.070 V. The calibration dependence was linear in the range 1×10−6–1 × 10−4 mol dm−3 (R2=0.999). The limit of detection was 1.5×10−7 mol dm−3. This method was successfully used for determination of lomustine in real samples of chemotherapy drug CeeNU Lomustine 40 mg.
Using OSL to assess hypotheses related to the impacts of land use change with the early nineteenth century arrival of Europeans in south‐eastern Australia: an exploratory case study from Grabben Gullen Creek, New South Wales
Authors: Muñoz‐Salinas Esperanza , Bishop Paul , Sanderson David , Kinnaird Tim 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA common explanation for intense soil erosion and gullying in SE Australia is the introduction by Europeans of new land use practices following their arrival in Australia in the late 18th century. Eucalyptus woodlands were cleared to introduce farming, and valley bottoms, characterized by chains of ponds with organic‐rich swampy meadow (SM) soils, were subsequently buried by thick deposits of ‘post‐settlement alluvium’ (PSA) generated by erosion in the catchment. In this study, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is used to evaluate the source(s) of the PSA in Grabben Gullen Creek (GGC), Australia. We use a portable OSL reader to measure total photon counts on bulk polymineral and polygrain‐size samples from nine profiles along the Creek. We use these luminescence signals as geotracers of sediment source(s) and transport pathways. We obtained higher luminescence signals in the PSA than in the SM sediments, suggesting different sources and fluvial transport conditions for these two widespread sedimentary units. Portable OSL reader data from soils in the GGC catchment that are potential sources for the SM sediments and PSA show that the high luminescence signals recorded in the PSA are similar to those from subsoil samples in granite soils, suggesting that the PSA was derived by gullying of granite subsoils. In the SM sediments, luminescence signals decrease upwards from the base of the profile, as expected in well‐reset fluvial deposits, but with one or more changes in gradient in the profile of photon counts with depth, most likely indicating changes in sediment deposition rates. To calculate deposition rates in the SM sediments, several samples were dated using OSL. The OSL ages produced low scatter in the equivalent doses, confirming the well‐reset nature of the grains composing the SM and indicating a process of sediment transport in dilute flows, as is interpreted from the portable OSL signals. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blockade of corticotropin‐releasing hormone receptor 1 attenuates early‐life stress‐induced synaptic abnormalities in the neonatal hippocampus
Authors: Liao Xue‐Mei , Yang Xiao‐Dun , Jia Jiao , Li Ji‐Tao , Xie Xiao‐Meng , Su Yun‐Ai , Schmidt Mathias V. , Si Tian‐Mei , Wang Xiao‐Dong 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAdult individuals with early stressful experience exhibit impaired hippocampal neuronal morphology, synaptic plasticity and cognitive performance. While our knowledge on the persistent effects of early‐life stress on hippocampal structure and function and the underlying mechanisms has advanced over the recent years, the molecular basis of the immediate postnatal stress effects on hippocampal development remains to be investigated. Here, we reported that repeated blockade of corticotropin‐releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) ameliorated postnatal stress‐induced hippocampal synaptic abnormalities in neonatal mice. Following the stress exposure, pups with fragmented maternal care showed retarded dendritic outgrowth and spine formation in CA3 pyramidal neurons and reduced hippocampal levels of synapse‐related proteins. During the stress exposure, repeated blockade of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) by daily administration of RU486 (100 µg g−1) failed to attenuate postnatal stress‐evoked synaptic impairments. Conversely, daily administration of the CRHR1 antagonist antalarmin hydrochloride (20 µg g−1) in stressed pups normalized hippocampal protein levels of synaptophysin, postsynaptic density‐95, nectin‐1, and nectin‐3, but not the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor subunits NR1 and NR2A. Additionally, GR or CRHR1 antagonism attenuated postnatal stress‐induced endocrine alterations but not body growth retardation. Our data indicate that the CRH‐CRHR1 system modulates the deleterious effects of early‐life stress on dendritic development, spinogenesis, and synapse formation, and that early interventions of this system may prevent stress‐induced hippocampal maldevelopment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.