bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DCIR Maintains Bone Homeostasis by Regulating IFN-γ Production in T Cells
Authors: Maruhashi Takumi , Kaifu Tomonori , Yabe Rikio , Seno Akimasa , Chung Soo-Hyun , Fujikado Noriyuki , Iwakura Yoichiro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a C-type lectin receptor mainly expressed in DCs. Dcir−/− mice spontaneously develop autoimmune enthesitis and ankylosis accompanied by fibrocartilage proliferation and ectopic ossification. However, the mechanisms of new bone/cartilage formation in Dcir−/− mice remain to be elucidated. In this study, we show that DCIR maintains bone homeostasis by regulating IFN-γ production under pathophysiological conditions. DCIR deficiency increased bone volume in femurs and caused aberrant ossification in joints, whereas these symptoms were abolished in Rag2−/−Dcir−/− mice. IFN-γ–producing T cells accumulated in lymph nodes and joints of Dcir−/− mice, and purified Dcir−/− DCs enhanced IFN-γ+ T cell differentiation. The ankylotic changes and bone volume increase were suppressed in the absence of IFN-γ. Thus, IFN-γ is a positive chondrogenic and osteoblastogenic factor, and DCIR is a crucial regulator of bone metabolism; consequently, both factors are potential targets for therapies directed against bone metabolic diseases.
Nestorian ‘merchant missionaries’ – A model for Christian Chinese migrants
Authors: Gordy John 
Published: April 2015

Both the Old and New Testament lay a foundation for the role of migrants in God’s mission, missio Dei. With the unprecedented rise of the Global South to prominence in the world mission enterprise, China is poised to play a major role in fulfilling the Great Commission Mandate. Already Christian Chinese migrants are in many countries, possibly in over 140 countries of the world, including many of the unreached, unengaged people groups. The Nestorians, also called ‘merchant missionaries’, were amongst the first to take the gospel to China. They can serve as a methodological mission model, using some basic biblical principles, to help Christian Chinese migrants today, especially the Wenzhou businessmen, to fulfil their apostolic role in world mission.Sowel die Ou as die Nuwe Testament lê ’n fondament vir die rol van nomades (rondtrekkendes) in God se missie (missio Dei). Met die Globale Suide se ongeëwenaarde toename in prominensie ten opsigte van die onderneming van wêreldsending, is China gereed om ’n hoofrol in die verwesenliking van die Groot Sendingopdrag te vertolk. Chinese Christen nomades is alreeds in 140 lande van die wêreld besig, waarvan baie tussen die onbereikte, onbesette mensegroepe is. Die Nestoriane, of ‘kooplui-sendelinge’, was van die eerste sendelinge wat die evangelie na China geneem het. Hulle voorbeeld kan as ’n sendingmodel dien om Chinese Christen nomades te help, veral die Wenzhou-sakemanne, om hulle apostoliese rol in wêreldsending te vervul.
Lattice Boltzmann Modeling of Thermal Conduction in Composites with
Thermal Contact Resistance
Authors: Xie Chiyu , Wang Jinku , Wang Dong , Pan Ning , Wang Moran 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe effective thermal conductivity of composite materials with thermal contact
resistance at interfaces is studied by lattice Boltzmann modeling in this work.
We modified the non-dimensional partial bounce-back scheme, proposed by Han et
al. [Int. J. Thermal Sci., 2008. 47: 1276-1283],
to introduce a real thermal contact resistance at interfaces into the thermal
lattice Boltzmann framework by re-deriving the redistribution function of heat
at the phase interfaces for a corrected dimensional formulation. The modified
scheme was validated in several cases with good agreement between the simulation
results and the corresponding theoretical solutions. Furthermore, we predicted
the effective thermal conductivities of composite materials using this method
where the contact thermal resistance was not negligible, and revealed the
effects of particle volume fraction, thermal contact resistance and particle
size. The results in this study may provide a useful support for materials
design and structure optimization.
A Finite-Difference Lattice Boltzmann Approach for Gas Microflows
Authors: Ghiroldi G. P. , Gibelli L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFinite-difference Lattice Boltzmann (LB) models are proposed for simulating gas flows in devices with microscale geometries. The models employ the roots of half-range Gauss-Hermite polynomials as discrete velocities. Unlike the standard LB velocity-space discretizations based on the roots of full-range Hermite polynomials, using the nodes of a quadrature defined in the half-space permits a consistent treatment of kinetic boundary conditions. The possibilities of the proposed LB models are illustrated by studying the one-dimensional Couette flow and the two-dimensional square driven cavity flow. Numerical and analytical results show an improved accuracy in finite Knudsen flows as compared with standard LB models.
Supergráfica
Authors: Yoldi López Mónica 
Published: April 2015

<p class="Predeterminado">Podemos definir la supergráfica como el diseño gráfico a gran escala o de gran formato.</p><p class="Predeterminado">La gran pionera de la supergráfica en los años 60 y 70 fue Barbara Stauffacher Solomon a la que seguirían diseñadores como Lance Wyman o Jean Philipe Lenclos.</p><p class="Predeterminado">Se analizará la relevancia de la supergráfica en la actualidad pues numerosos diseñadores gráficos intervienen espacios y edificios con ella. Paula Scher o Morag Myerscough son dos de las figuras más significativas de esta tendencia, denominada <em>Environmental Graphics</em> en el ámbito anglosajón.</p><p class="Predeterminado">Así mismo se estudiará cómo el arte contemporáneo y, en concreto, el <em>Street Art</em> están altamente ligados y relacionados con la supergráfica.</p><p class="Predeterminado"> </p>
Validation of Multiple Whole Slide Imaging Scanners Based on the Guideline From the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center
Authors: Thrall Michael J. , Wimmer Jana L. , Schwartz Mary R. 
Published: April 2015

ContextWhole slide imaging (WSI) produces a virtual image that can be transmitted electronically. This technology has clinical applications in situations in which glass slides are not readily available.ObjectiveTo examine the results of a validation study performed using the draft version of the WSI clinical validation guideline recently released by the College of American Pathologists.DesignTen iScan Coreo Au scanners (Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, Arizona) were validated, 6 with one set of 100 cases and 4 with a different set of 100 cases, for 1000 case examinations. The cases were selected consecutively from the following case types: internal consultations and malignancies and cases with frozen sections, special stains, and/or immunohistochemistry. Only key slides were scanned from each case. The slides were scanned at ×20 magnification. Pathologists reviewed the cases as both glass slides and WSI, with at least a 3-week washout period between viewings.ResultsIntraobserver agreement between glass slides and WSI was present for 786 (79%) of the 1000 cases. Major discrepancies occurred in 18 cases (1.8%). κ statistics compiled for the subset of cases (n = 504; 50%) with concern for neoplasia showed excellent agreement (κ = 0.8782). Individual scanners performed similarly to one another. Analysis of the results revealed an area of concern: small focal findings.ConclusionsThe results were felt to validate the use of WSI for the intended applications in our multiinstitutional laboratory system, although scans at ×20 magnification may be insufficient for cases hinging on small focal findings, such as microorganisms and inflammatory processes.
Genomic Profiling of Advanced-Stage, Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma by Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Frequent, Targetable Genomic Abnormalities and Potential New Treatment Options
Authors: Ross Jeffrey S. , Badve Sunil , Wang Kai , Sheehan Christine E. , Boguniewicz Ann B. , Otto Geoff A. , Yelensky Roman , Lipson Doron , Ali Siraj , Morosini Deborah , Chliemlecki Juliann , Elvin Julia A. , Miller Vincent A. , Stephens Philip J. 
Published: April 2015

Context
Metastatic metaplastic breast carcinoma (MPBC) is an uncommon, but aggressive, tumor resistant to conventional chemotherapy.

Objective
To learn whether next-generation sequencing could identify potential targets of therapy for patients with relapsed and metastatic MPBC.

Design
Hybridization capture of 3769 exons from 236 cancer-related genes and 47 introns of 19 genes commonly rearranged in cancer was applied to a minimum of 50 ng of DNA extracted from 20 MPBC formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens and sequenced to high uniform coverage.

Results
The 20 patients with MPBC had a median age of 62 years (range, 42–86 years). There were 9 squamous (45%), 9 chondroid (45%), and 2 spindle cell (10%) MPBCs, all of which were high grade. Ninety-three genomic alterations were identified, (range, 1–11) with 19 of the 20 cases (95%) harboring an alteration that could potentially lead to a targeted treatment option. The most-common alterations were in TP53 (n = 69; 75%), PIK3CA (n = 37; 40%), MYC (n = 28; 30%), MLL2 (n = 28; 30%), PTEN (n = 23; 25%), CDKN2A/B (n = 19; 20%), CCND3 (n = 14; 15%), CCNE1 (n = 9; 10%), EGFR (n = 9; 10%), and KDM6A (n = 9; 10%); AKT3, CCND1, CCND2, CDK4, FBXW7, FGFR1, HRAS, NF1, PIK3R1, and SRC were each altered in a single case. All 16 MPBCs (100%) that were negative for ERBB2 (HER2) overexpression by immunohistochemistry and/or ERBB2 (HER2) amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization were also uniformly (100%) negative for ERBB2 amplification by next-generation sequencing–based copy-number assessment.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that genomic profiling using next-generation sequencing can identify clinically meaningful alterations that have the potential to guide targeted treatment decisions in most patients with metastatic MPBC.
Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma: The Current Status of Pathology and Genetics
Authors: Thway Khin , Fisher Cyril 
Published: April 2015

ContextAngiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm of intermediate biologic potential and uncertain differentiation, most often arising in the superficial extremities of children and young adults. While it has characteristic histologic features of nodular distributions of ovoid and spindle cells with blood-filled cystic cavities and a surrounding dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, there is a significant morphologic spectrum, which coupled with its rarity and lack of specific immunoprofile can make diagnosis challenging. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma is associated with 3 characteristic gene fusions, EWSR1-CREB1 and EWSR1-ATF1, which are also described in other neoplasms, and rarely FUS-ATF1. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma is now recognized at an increasing number of sites and is known to display a variety of unusual histologic features.ObjectiveTo review the current status of AFH, discussing putative etiology, histopathology with variant morphology and differential diagnosis, and current genetics, including overlap with other tumors harboring EWSR1-CREB1 and EWSR1-ATF1 fusions.Data SourcesReview of published literature, including case series, case reports, and review articles, in online medical databases.ConclusionsThe occurrence of AFH at several unusual anatomic sites and its spectrum of morphologic patterns can result in significant diagnostic difficulty, and correct diagnosis is particularly important because of its small risk of metastasis and death. This highlights the importance of diagnostic recognition, ancillary molecular genetic confirmation, and close clinical follow-up of patients with AFH. Further insight into the genetic and epigenetic changes arising secondary to the characteristic gene fusions of AFH will be integral to understanding its tumorigenic mechanisms.
El principio «exeundum esse e statu naturali». Su formulación en Hobbes y su desarrollo en la filosofía alemana clásica
Authors: Bergés Tarilonte Alfredo 
Published: April 2015

El principio «exeundum esse e statu naturali» lo desarrollan de forma consistente los filósofos que conciben el Derecho, en palabras de Hegel, como «existencia de la voluntad libre» (Dasein des freien Willens). Hobbes formula este principio como un imperativo hipotético en el marco del contractualismo. En Kant, este principio adquiere la forma de un imperativo categórico que conduce a la fundamentación de estructuras inmanentes de la razón más allá de la esfera del contractualismo. Hegel ya no deriva este principio de una ficción contractualista, sino de la dinámica interna de formas históricas de realización de la libertad: «exeundum esse» es para él el principio que subyace al tránsito de la sociedad civil al «Estado ético».
Las “dos” caras del constitucionalismo frente al principio de auto-determinación
Authors: Spadaro Antonino 
Published: April 2015

RESUMENLos dos principales parámetros o modelos del constitucionalismo contemporáneo son: a) el individualista autocentrista, basado en el principio de “autodeterminación” del individuo (extrema presunción de una felicidad individual) y b) el solidario heterocentrista o altruista, construido con apoyo en el principio de “autolimitación” individual (peligrosa presunción de una felicidad pública). El primero presenta el riesgo de traducirse en “libertarismo” constitucional (exasperación de los derechos), mientras el segundo el de degenerar en “paternalismo” constitucional (exasperación de los deberes). En sociedades multiculturales se impone en cambio una razonable ponderación entre estos dos extremos: una mezcla imperfecta, diversa de Estado a Estado, inspirada en la utopía necesaria de una “felicidad con los otros”. Para la consecución de este difícil objetivo, el Derecho constitucional debe intentar proponer una afinada construcción “gradualista” y “progresiva” de las situaciones jurídicas subjetivas activas: desde las situaciones atenuantes y/o no punibles hasta el derecho inviolable universal. ABSTRACTThe two main patterns of contemporary constitutionalism are: a) self-centred individualism, based on the principle of individual “self-determination” (extreme belief in private happiness) and b) solidaristic altruism, grounded on the principle of individual “self-restraint” (dangerous belief in public happiness). The former bears the risk of constitutional “libertarianism” (polarizing the rights), the latter could lead to constitutional “paternalism” (polarizing the duties). On the contrary, multicultural societies need reasonable balancing between these extremes: an imperfect mix, varying from State to State, inspired by the necessary utopia of “happiness with others”. To this end, constitutional theory is asked to attempt a refined “graduated” and “progressive” scheme of individual legal statuses: from extenuating and/or non-punishable status to universal fundamental right.
La opinión pública ante la vigilancia masiva de datos. El difícil equilibrio entre acceso a la información y seguridad nacional
Authors: Serra Cristóbal Rosario 
Published: April 2015

RESUMEN: La transparencia y el acceso a la información convierten a la sociedad en una participante activa del proceso de rendición de cuentas de los poderes públicos. Pero, esa libertad informativa tiene límites, como lo es el secreto que necesariamente impone, en la mayor parte de las ocasiones, la salvaguarda de la seguridad nacional. El secreto - y por lo tanto, la excepción a la regla general de la publicidad- tiene como misión impedir que se conozcan ciertas actividades de inteligencia, que recaban y tratan información con la finalidad de garantizar el éxito de determinadas acciones de los servicios de inteligencia-defensa o de prevenir riesgos. En este trabajo se aborda la difícil convivencia entre el derecho de acceso a la información y el secreto de Estado en un momento en que se ha hecho pública la existencia de un control masivo de datos de los ciudadanos por parte de los servicios de inteligencia nacionales y extranjeros. El objeto principal de análisis es ese tipo de controles/vigilancia de las comunicaciones y datos personales que se realizan con un carácter general, preventivo y/o prospectivo y que se diferencia de los más comunes controles de comunicaciones dirigidos a aportar pruebas en el marco de un proceso penal.ABSTRACT:Transparency and access to information turn society into an active participant in the accountability process of public authorities. But that freedom of information has limits, as it is the secret that necessarily the safeguarding of national security imposes many times. The secret ⎯and therefore, the exception to the general rule of publicity⎯ is designed to prevent certain intelligence activities were known and to ensure their success. Between others, these activities consist in processing data of citizens to give enough information to the State to adopt strategic decisions. This essay focuses on the difficult coexistence between the right of access to information and the state secret in a moment when it has come to light the existence of a massive surveillance of citizens’ data by national and foreigner intelligence services. The main object of analysis is such control/surveillance of communications and personal data carried out with a general, preventive and/or prospective aim. This type of surveillance differs from the more common controls of communications pointed to provide evidences under criminal proceedings.
Recherche de dérivés conjugués de médicaments dans l’eau de surface et en cours de potabilisation
Authors: Bazus Léa , Cimetiere Nicolas , Legentil Laurent , Randon Guy , Wolbert Dominique 
Published: April 2015

Les médicaments à usage humain ou vétérinaire se retrouvent, par différents moyens, dans les milieux aquatiques et notamment dans les filières de potabilisation des eaux. Les médicaments sont en partie métabolisés après ingestion (le pourcentage dépend du principe actif et est compris entre 1 et 99 %). Des médicaments se retrouvent alors dans les eaux destinées à la consommation humaine avec des concentrations allant du ng/L à la centaine de ng/L. Différents types de métabolites existent, et parmi eux les dérivés conjugués. Ils peuvent représenter 90 % des métabolites d’un principe actif. Le travail présenté ici décrit le développement d’une méthode analytique par « Solid Phase Extraction » (SPE) en ligne – chromatographie liquide haute performance – spectrométrie de masse en tandem (LC-MS/MS) pour la détermination et la quantification de principes actifs et leurs dérivés conjugués dans les eaux de surface et en cours de potabilisation. Ces dérivés conjugués sont susceptibles de subir une déconjugaison lors des traitements de potabilisation conduisant au relargage du principe actif. C’est pourquoi il est nécessaire de s’intéresser à ces molécules et en particulier les conjugués glucuronides. Comme tous les standards ne se sont pas disponibles dans le commerce, une nouvelle voie de synthèse en milieu aqueux a été explorée. Des analyses sont effectuées en entrée et sortie de filière de potabilisation d’eau afin de déterminer les concentrations présentes en principes actifs et leurs dérivés conjugués. Les limites de détection et de quantification obtenues sont de l’ordre du ng/L ou la dizaine de ng/L.
Analyse de formes chimiques et de nanoparticules dans les échantillons d’eau : méthodes analytiques, préconcentration et validation
Authors: Séby Fabienne , Dumont Jean , Gleyzes Christine , Menta Mathieu , Vacchina Véronique , Bueno Maïté 
Published: April 2015

Il est maintenant reconnu que la mesure de la concentration totale d’un élément ne permet pas d’obtenir d’information fiable sur son impact environnemental et sa toxicité, ces éléments pouvant être présents sous différentes formes chimiques ou à l’état de nanoparticules (NPs). Il est alors nécessaire de faire appel à des techniques de fractionnement en taille pour les NPs ou à des analyses de spéciation permettant d'identifier et doser les différentes formes chimiques des éléments. Cette approche nécessite de disposer de protocoles d’échantillonnage, de conservation et de préparation d’échantillon stricts qui ne modifient pas la répartition des formes chimiques, notamment. Étant donné les nouvelles exigences des normes, cette approche nécessite également des outils analytiques de plus en plus précis, sensibles et robustes.
Le couplage de techniques séparatives basées sur la chromatographie (liquide ou gazeuse) ou le fractionnement de flux, d’une part, et la spectrométrie de masse à plasma induit (ICP MS), d’autre part, présente un réel potentiel pour ces analyses. Ces approches sont détaillées d’une manière générale en termes de potentiels et de performances analytiques et des applications sont présentées pour différents éléments (As, Hg, Sn, Cr ou Sb). Au travers de ces différents exemples, sont particulièrement abordés :
Research on the Management Control Systems in Different R&D Activities − A Field Study of a Listed Company1
Authors: Wang Yue , Pan Fei , Zhou Lin , Zhao Chenggong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractManagement control systems (MCS) are fundamental to the progress of research and development (R&D) activities. However, misunderstanding the functions of MCS impedes their scientific design. In view of this, we assess the literature on the key mechanisms of MCS in an R&D context according to the contingency and resource-based theories, and propose a framework which effectively demonstrates these mechanisms. The framework divides the progress of R&D into three stages and analyses the effects of control mechanisms on different R&D activities by distinguishing between their different functions. Finally, we verify the rationality of our framework, with a view to improving current MCS design, using a field study. Our work can help organisations to recognise the role of MCS and provides valuable theoretical and empirical evidence to support their R&D activities.
Considerations for estimating the 20th century trend in global mean sea level
Authors: Hamlington B. D. , Thompson P. R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRecent efforts in reconstructing historical sea level change have led to a range of published estimates for the global mean sea level trend over the last century. Disagreement in these estimates can be attributed to two factors: (1) differences in analysis and/or reconstruction techniques and (2) differences in tide gauge selection and quality control of the data. Here the impact of tide gauge selection is explored by calculating global mean trends using three different tide gauge data sets that have been utilized in recent reconstruction studies. The inclusion of tide gauge records that are affected by unresolved internal variability and/or unaccounted for vertical land motion are found to significantly impact the estimates of the long‐term trend in global mean sea level. In conclusion, several guidelines are presented regarding the selection of tide gauges for use in historical reconstructions focused on estimating the 20th century global mean sea level trend.
Small Talk
Authors: Yang Wenhui 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Small talk (
ST
), which is traditionally viewed as an unimportant or trivial element in communication, has distinct mechanical, social, and professional intents and inherent interacting structure in various communication genres at workplaces and out of workplaces.
ST
patterns are closely related to social and institutional phenomena that can be observed within or across different types of communication. Studies show that
ST
not only serves as a phatic talk to establish social contact, but is also applied at different stages as a social, interpersonal, business, and institutional tactic in various stages of interpersonal communication. Its linguistic features are associated with communicators' sociocontextual, institutional and interpersonal cognition.