bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential remodeling of extracellular matrices by breast cancer initiating cells
Authors: Raja Anju M. , Xu Shuoyu , Zhuo Shuangmu , Tai Dean C.S. , Sun Wanxin , So Peter T.C. , Welsch Roy E. , Chen Chien‐Shing , Yu Hanry 
Published: January 2015

Cancer initiating cells (CICs) have been the focus of recent anti‐cancer therapies, exhibiting strong invasion capability via potentially enhanced ability to remodel extracellular matrices (ECM). We have identified CICs in a human breast cancer cell line, MX‐1, and developed a xenograft model in SCID mice. We investigated the CICs' matrix‐remodeling effects using Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy to identify potential phenotypic signatures of the CIC‐rich tumors. The isolated CICs exhibit higher proliferation, drug efflux and drug resistant propertiesin vitro; were more tumorigenic than non‐CICs, resulting in more and larger tumors in the xenograft model. The CIC‐rich tumors have less collagen in the tumor interior than in the CIC‐poor tumors supporting the idea that the CICs can remodel the collagen more effectively. The collagen fibers were preferentially aligned perpendicular to the CIC‐rich tumor boundary while parallel to the CIC‐poor tumor boundary suggesting more invasive behavior of the CIC‐rich tumors. These findings would provide potential translational values in quantifying and monitoring CIC‐rich tumors in future anti‐cancer therapies.CIC‐rich tumors remodel the collagen matrix more than CIC‐poor tumors.magnified imageCIC‐rich tumors remodel the collagen matrix more than CIC‐poor tumors.
Large Monochromatic Triple Stars in Edge Colourings
Authors: Letzter Shoham 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFollowing problems posed by Gyárfás 2011, we show that for every r‐edge‐colouring of there is a monochromatic triple star of order at least , improving Ruszinkó's result 2012. An edge colouring of a graph is called a local r‐colouring if every vertex spans edges of at most r distinct colours. We prove the existence of a monochromatic triple star with at least vertices in every local r‐colouring of .
Relationships between volatile compounds and sensory characteristics in virgin olive oil by analytical and chemometric approaches
Authors: Procida Giuseppe , Cichelli Angelo , Lagazio Corrado , Conte Lanfranco S 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe volatile fraction of virgin olive oil is characterised by low molecular weight compounds that vaporise at room temperature. In order to obtain an aroma profile similar to natural olfactory perception, the composition of the volatile compounds was determined by applying dynamic headspace gas chromatography, performed at room temperature, with a cryogenic trap directly connected to a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer system. Samples were also evaluated according to European Union and International Olive Council official methods for sensory evaluation. In this paper, the composition of the volatile fraction of 25 extra virgin olive oils from different regions of Italy was analysed and some preliminary considerations on relationships between chemical composition of volatile fraction and sensory characteristics are reported.RESULTSForty‐two compounds were identified by means of the particular analytical technique used. All the analysed samples, classified as extra virgin by the panel test, never present peaks whose magnitude is important enough in defected oils. The study was focused on the evaluation of volatile compounds responsible for the positive impact on olive odour properties (‘green–fruity’ and ‘sweet’) and olfactory perception.CONCLUSIONChemometric evaluation of data, obtained through headspace analysis and the panel test evaluation, showed a correlation between chemical compounds and sensory properties. On the basis of the results, the positive attributes of virgin olive oil are divided into two separated groups: sweet types or green types. Sixteen volatile compounds with known positive impact on odour properties were extracted and identified. In particular, eight compounds seem correlated with sweet properties whereas the green sensation appears to be correlated with eight other different substances. The content of the compounds at six carbon atoms proves to be very important in defining positive attributes of extra virgin olive oils and sensory evaluation. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Poly(methacrylic acid)‐l‐Polyisobutylene Amphiphilic Conetworks by Using an Ethoxyethyl‐Protected Comonomer: Synthesis, Protecting Group Removal in the Cross‐Linked State, and Characterization
Authors: Kali Gergely , Iván Béla 
Published: January 2015

A series of poly(methacrylic acid)‐l‐polyisobutylene anionic amphiphilic conetworks with hydrophobic polyisobutylene (PIB) content between 33% and 70% (w/w) is synthesized by the macromonomer method using a new approach by applying ethoxyethyl‐protected methacrylic acid (EEMA) comonomer. To remove the protecting group after copolymerization of EEMA with PIB‐dimethacrylate, acidic hydrolysis and thermal treatment are attempted, and the success of the deprotection is monitored by different techniques. Comparing the two protective group removal steps, it is found that, in contrast to homopolymers of EEMA, the acidic hydrolysis is more favorable than the thermal deprotection due to anhydride formation during the latter process in the conetworks. Distinct glass transitions are obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicating phase separation in the resulting conetworks. The swelling ability of the obtained conetworks in polar and nonpolar solvents proves the amphiphilic nature of these materials. Due to the polyacidic component of the conetworks, their water swollen gels have pH‐sensitive, intelligent swelling behavior in aqueous media. Because of the relatively high stability of EEMA, the applied protection–deprotection strategy can be easily utilized in several other designed polymer syntheses.
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Precursor Polymers for the Carbon Coating of Au@ZnO Multipods for Application as Active Material in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Oschmann Bernd , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Mueller Franziska , Bresser Dominic , Lieberwirth Ingo , Tremel Wolfgang , Passerini Stefano , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: January 2015

The synthesis of statistical and block copolymers based on polyacrylonitrile, as a source for carbonaceous materials, and thiol‐containing repeating units as inorganic nanoparticle anchoring groups is reported. These polymers are used to coat Au@ZnO multipod heteroparticles with polymer brushes. IR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy prove the successful binding of the polymer onto the inorganic nanostructures. Thermogravimetric analysis is applied to compare the binding ability of the block and statistical copolymers. Subsequently, the polymer coating is transformed into a carbonaceous (partially graphitic) coating by pyrolysis. The obtained carbon coating is characterized by Raman spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The benefit of the conformal carbon coating of the Au@ZnO multipods regarding its application as lithium‐ion anode material is revealed by performing galvanostatic cycling, showing a highly enhanced and stabilized electrochemical performance of the carbon‐coated particles (still 831 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles) with respect to the uncoated ones (only 353 mAh g−1 after 10 cycles).
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Upper extremity 3‐dimensional reachable workspace analysis in dystrophinopathy using Kinect
Authors: Han Jay J. , Kurillo Gregorij , Abresch Richard T. , De Bie Evan , Nicorici Alina , Bajcsy Ruzena 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: An innovative upper extremity 3‐dimensional (3D) reachable workspace outcome measure acquired using the Kinect sensor is applied toward Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD). The validity, sensitivity, and clinical meaningfulness of this novel outcome measure are examined. Methods: Upper extremity function assessment (Brooke scale and NeuroQOL questionnaire) and Kinect‐based reachable workspace analyses were conducted in 43 individuals with dystrophinopathy (30 DMD and 13 BMD, aged 7–60 years) and 46 controls (aged 6–68 years). Results: The reachable workspace measure reliably captured a wide range of upper extremity impairments encountered in both pediatric and adult, as well as ambulatory and non‐ambulatory individuals with dystrophinopathy. Reduced reachable workspaces were noted for the dystrophinopathy cohort compared with controls, and they correlated with Brooke grades. In addition, progressive reduction in reachable workspace correlated directly with worsening ability to perform activities of daily living, as self‐reported on the NeuroQOL. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility and potential of the novel sensor‐acquired reachable workspace outcome measure in dystrophinopathy. Muscle Nerve 52:344–355, 2015
Ryanodine and inositol triphosphate receptors modulate facilitation and tetanic depression at the frog neuromuscular junction
Authors: Silveira Priscila E. , Lima Ricardo F. , GuimarÃES Jennifer D.S. , Molgó Jordi , Naves Ligia A. , Kushmerick Christopher 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionShort‐term plasticity of synaptic function is an important physiological control of transmitter release. Short‐term plasticity can be regulated by intracellular calcium released by ryanodine and inositol triphosphate (IP3) receptors, but the role of these receptors at the neuromuscular junction is understood incompletely.MethodsWe measured short‐term plasticity of evoked endplate potential (EPP) amplitudes from frog neuromuscular junctions treated with ryanodine, 2‐aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2‐APB), or 1‐[6‐[[(17β)‐3‐methoxyestra‐1,3,5(10)‐trien‐17‐yl]amino]hexyl]‐1H‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dione (U‐ 73122).ResultsRyanodine decreases paired‐pulse facilitation for intervals <20 ms and markedly decreases tetanic depression. Treatment with 2‐APB reduces EPP amplitude, increases paired‐pulse facilitation for intervals of <20 ms, and significantly reduces tetanic depression. U‐73122 decreases EPP amplitude and decreases paired‐pulse depression for intervals <20 ms.ConclusionsRyanodine, IP3 receptors, and phopholipase C modulate short‐term plasticity of transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction. These results suggest possible targets for improving the safety factor of neuromuscular transmission during repetitive activity of the neuromuscular junction. Muscle Nerve 52: 623–630, 2015
Radial nerve measurements in nonsymptomatic upper extremities of Filipinos: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gonzalez‐Suarez Consuelo B. , Dones Valentin C. , Grimmer Karen , Thoirs Kerry , Milanese Steven , Atlas Alvin 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Despite reports on the association of radial nerve (RN) size and lateral epicondylalgia (LE), Filipino normative values on RN size in healthy elbows are not established. An association with upper extremity anthropometric measurements is likewise not reported. Methods: Musculoskeletal ultrasound measurements of the RN at the level of the lateral epicondyle (RN‐LE), posterior interosseous nerve at the level of the radial head and supinator (PIN‐RH and PIN‐sup), and superficial RN (SRN) in the elbows of healthy Filipinos were made in Manila from January–September 2011. Results: A total of 198 elbows of 99 healthy participants aged 43 years (range, 33–48 years) [median(IQR)] were investigated. Men have larger PIN‐RH, PIN‐sup, and SRN compared with women. Arm length was associated with PIN‐RH, PIN‐sup, and SRN (P < 0.05). Activities and elbow circumference measurements (at 2 levels) were associated with PIN‐RH. Conclusions: RN reference values can now be used for comparison in elbows with LE. Muscle Nerve 52: 568–575, 2015
Family factors as moderators of link between reinforcement sensitivity and child and adolescent problem behaviour
Authors: Kuznetsova Valeriya B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractModerating effects of family factors on the association between children's reinforcement sensitivity and problem behaviour have been examined in a community sample of 533 children aged from 3 to 17 years. Family type and living in urban areas exacerbated the effect of sensitivity to reward on externalizing, internalizing and impact of problems on everyday life; a high level of the father's education exacerbated the effect of sensitivity to reward on externalizing; family aggression and harsh parenting were found to strengthen the link between sensitivity to reward and the impact of problems on everyday life, whereas family cohesion buffered the negative effect of sensitivity to reward on externalizing and the impact of problems in everyday life. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tailoring psychotherapy in patients with personality disorders: Matching the level of psychological strengths to the level of stabilizing versus destabilizing psychotherapy
Authors: Van Manen Janine G. , Horn Eva K. , Stijnen Theo , Timman Reinier , Busschbach Jan J. V. , Verheul Roel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundClinical evidence suggests that patients high on psychological strengths profit more from destabilizing psychotherapy, whereas patients low on strengths profit more from stabilizing psychotherapy. This matching hypothesis was tested.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study was conducted between 2003 and 2008 in 735 patients with personality disorders from 6 psychotherapy centers in the Netherlands. Patients were assigned to different levels of stabilizing and destabilizing psychotherapies. Levels of psychological strengths were measured. We used multilevel modeling to estimate outcome at 12 months after baseline. The propensity score controlled for initial differences at baseline.ResultsThe findings show that destabilizing psychotherapies have slightly better outcomes than stabilizing psychotherapies. Patients high on psychological strengths improve slightly more than patients low on psychological strengths. The observed interaction effect contradicted our hypothesis.ConclusionThe results imply that destabilizing psychotherapies can be considered as first treatment option for patients both high and low on psychological strengths. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model checking the observational determinism security property using PROMELA and SPIN
Authors: Dabaghchian Maryam , Abdollahi Azgomi Mohammad 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Observational determinism is a property that ensures the confidentiality in concurrent programs. It conveys that public variables are independent of private variables during the execution of programs, and the scheduling policy of threads. Different definitions for observational determinism have been proposed. On the other hand, observational determinism is not a standard property and it should be checked over two or more executions of a program. The self-composition approach allows comparing two different copies of a program using a single formula. In this paper, we propose a new specification for the observational determinism security property in linear temporal logic. We also present a general method to create the appropriate program model using the self-composition approach. Both the program model and the observational determinism property are encoded in embedded C codes in PROMELA using the SPIN model checker. The paper also discusses a method for the instrumentation of PROMELA code in order to encode the program model for specifying the observational determinism security property.
Mechanisms and tests for geographic clines in genetic polymorphisms
Authors: Takahashi Yuma 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA continuous spatial gradient in visible traits, which is called a cline, is a natural model system for quantifying the effects of selection and stochastic factors and their relative importance. Geographic clines in phenotypic traits also provide key insights into the evolutionary forces that lead to allopatric speciation in nature. Thus, the underlying mechanisms for establishing clines and their evolutionary consequences remain key topics in evolutionary biology. However, few experimental studies have confirmed the underlying mechanisms of geographic clines in morph/allele frequencies, probably because of the lack of understanding of the theoretical basis of geographic clines in polymorphisms and/or suitable comprehensive tests. Thus, I present a general review of the underlying mechanisms for establishing geographic clines in polymorphisms. I also provide a case study using the female dimorphic damselfly Ischnura senegalensis to illustrate a strategy that confirms the underlying mechanisms of geographic clines in morph frequencies. This review may help to address geographic clines in other polymorphic systems, as well as contribute to a comprehensive understanding of geographic clines in quantitative traits, and thus, their evolutionary consequences in nature.
Bi‐allelic CLPB mutations cause cataract, renal cysts, nephrocalcinosis and 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria, a novel disorder of mitochondrial protein disaggregation
Authors: Kanabus Marta , Shahni Rojeen , Saldanha José W. , Murphy Elaine , Plagnol Vincent , Hoff William Van't , Heales Simon , Rahman Shamima 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWhole exome sequencing was used to investigate the genetic cause of mitochondrial disease in two siblings with a syndrome of congenital lamellar cataracts associated with nephrocalcinosis, medullary cysts and 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria. Autosomal recessive inheritance in a gene encoding a mitochondrially targeted protein was assumed; the only variants which satisfied these criteria were c.1882C>T (p.Arg628Cys) and c.1915G>A (p.Glu639Lys) in the CLPB gene, encoding a heat shock protein/chaperonin responsible for disaggregating mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins. Functional studies, including quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot, support pathogenicity of these mutations. Furthermore, molecular modelling suggests that the mutations disrupt interactions between subunits so that the CLPB hexamer cannot form or is unstable, thus impairing its role as a protein disaggregase. We conclude that accumulation of protein aggregates underlies the development of cataracts and nephrocalcinosis in CLPB deficiency, which is a novel genetic cause of 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria. A common mitochondrial cause for 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria appears to be disruption of the architecture of the mitochondrial membranes, as in Barth syndrome (tafazzin deficiency), Sengers syndrome (acylglycerol kinase deficiency) and MEGDEL syndrome (impaired remodelling of the mitochondrial membrane lipids because of SERAC1 mutations). We now propose that perturbation of the mitochondrial membranes by abnormal protein aggregates leads to 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria in CLPB deficiency.
Dementia severity and the longitudinal costs of informal care in the Cache County population
Authors: Rattinger Gail B. , Schwartz Sarah , Mullins C. Daniel , Corcoran Chris , Zuckerman Ilene H. , Sanders Chelsea , Norton Maria C. , Fauth Elizabeth B. , Leoutsakos Jeannie‐Marie S. , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Tschanz JoAnn T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundDementia costs are critical for influencing healthcare policy, but limited longitudinal information exists. We examined longitudinal informal care costs of dementia in a population‐based sample.MethodsData from the Cache County Study included dementia onset, duration, and severity assessed by the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Informal costs of daily care (COC) was estimated based on median Utah wages. Mixed models estimated the relationship between severity and longitudinal COC in separate models for MMSE and CDR.ResultsTwo hundred and eighty‐seven subjects (53% female, mean (standard deviation) age was 82.3 (5.9) years) participated. Overall COC increased by 18% per year. COC was 6% lower per MMSE‐point increase and compared with very mild dementia, COC increased over twofold for mild, fivefold for moderate, and sixfold for severe dementia on the CDR.ConclusionsGreater dementia severity predicted higher costs. Disease management strategies addressing dementia progression may curb costs.
Diagnostic value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in thyroid nodules with calcification
Authors: Jiang Jue , Shang Xu , Wang Hua , Xu Yong‐Bo , Gao Ya , Zhou Qi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic values of conventional ultrasound and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in benign and malignant thyroid nodules with calcification. Conventional ultrasound and CEUS were performed in 122 patients with thyroid nodules with calcification. The thyroid nodules were characterized as benign or malignant by pathological diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accordance rate of the two imaging methods were determined. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was used to assess the diagnostic values of the two imaging methods. In 122 cases of thyroid nodules with calcification, 73 benign nodules and 49 malignant nodules were verified by pathological diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accordance rate of conventional ultrasound were 50%, 77%, 59%, 69%, and 66%, respectively, and those of CEUS were 90%, 92%, 88%, 93%, and 91%, respectively. There were significant differences between the two imaging methods. AUCs of conventional ultrasound and CEUS were 0.628 ± 0.052 and 0.908 ± 0.031, suggesting low and high diagnostic values, respectively. CEUS has high diagnostic values, being significantly greater than those of conventional ultrasound, in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules with calcification.
Identification of ship wake structures by a time–frequency method
Authors: Torsvik T. , Soomere T. , Didenkulova I. , Sheremet A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe wake of a ship that sails at relatively large Froude numbers usually contains a number of components of different nature and with different heights, lengths, timings and propagation directions. We explore the possibilities of the spectrogram representation of one-point measurements of the ship wake to identify these components and to quantify their main properties. This representation, based on the short-time Fourier transform, facilitates a reliable decomposition of the wake into constituent components and makes it possible to quantify their variations in the time–space domain and the energy content of each component, from very low-frequency precursor waves up to high-frequency signals within the frequency range of typical wind-generated waves. A method for estimation of the ship speed and the distance of its sailing line from the measurement site is proposed, which only uses information available within the record of the ship wake surface elevation, but where it is assumed that the wake pattern does not deviate significantly from the classical Kelvin wake structure. The wake decomposition using the spectrogram method allows investigation of the energy content that can be attributed to each individual component of the wake. We demonstrate that the majority (60–80 %) of wake energy from strongly powered large ferries that sail at depth Froude numbers${\sim}0.7$is concentrated in components that are located near the edge of the wake wedge. Finally, we demonstrate that the spectrogram representation offers a convenient way to identify a specific signature of single types of ships.