bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of microcontroller board on a sustainable and degradable PLA/flax composite substrate: a case study
Authors: Géczy Attila , Piffkó Dániel , Berényi Richárd , Dusek Karel , Xavier Pascal , Cuartielles David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel polylactic-acid/flax-composite substrate and the implementation of a demonstrator: a microcontroller board based on commercial design. The substrate is developed for printed circuit board (PCB) applications. The pre-preg is biodegradable, reinforced, and flame-retarded. The novel material was developed to counter the increasing amount of e-waste and to improve the sustainability of the microelectronics sector. The motivation was to present a working circuit in commercial complexity that can be implemented on a rigid substrate made of natural, bio-based materials with a structure very similar to the widely used Flame Retardant Class 4 (FR4) substrate at an early technological readiness level (2–3). The circuit design is based on the Arduino Nano open-source microcontroller board design so that the demonstration could be programmable and easy to fit into education, IoT applications, and embedded designs. During the work, the design was optimized at the level of layout. The copper-clad pre-preg was then prepared and processed with subtractive printed wiring technology and through hole plating. The traditional surface mounting methodology was applied for assembly. The resulting yield of PCB production was around 50%. Signal analysis was successful with analogue data acquisition (voltage) and low-frequency (4 kHz) tests, indistinguishable from sample FR4 boards. Eventually, the samples were subjected to highly accelerated stress test (HAST). HAST tests revealed limitations compared to traditional FR4 printed circuit materials. After six cycles, the weight loss was around 30% in the case of PLA/Flax, and as three-point bending tests showed, the possible ultimate strength (25 MPa at a flexural state) was reduced by 80%. Finally, the sustainability aspect was assessed, where we found that ∼95 vol% and ∼90 wt% of the traditional substrate can be substituted, significantly easing the load of waste on the environment.
Ultrafast synthesis and luminescence properties of rare earth orthoniobates RENbO4 (RE = La, Eu, Gd, Yb, Lu)
Authors: Wu Ji’an , Chen Kunfeng , Xue Dongfeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rare earth orthoniobates (RENbO4) are one kind of important functional materials due to its applications in solid-state phosphors, thermal barrier coatings, and microwave dielectric ceramics. The synthesis of rare earth niobates often needs high reaction temperatures (1300 °C–1700 °C) and long processing times (from hours to tens of hours) in solid-state reactions, which can increase the study time of the relationship between structure and properties. In this work, we used ultrafast high-temperature sintering method to synthesize RENbO4 (RE = La, Eu, Gd, Yb, Lu), and found specific structure and properties in these materials obtained with specific synthetic techniques. Based on the electronegativity scale, the charge transfer energy of lanthanide ions in the YNbO4 crystal was calculated. The rapid synthesis of RENbO4 in a vacuum atmosphere generated more oxygen vacancies, and the structures of [REO8] and [NbO6] were distorted. The shortening of the fluorescence lifetime of LaNbO4 and EuNbO4 was related to the formation of self-trapped excitons facilitated by lattice distortion. The emission peak of LuNbO4 at about 530 nm is attributed to the oxygen vacancy in the niobate group. The reported synthetic methods can provide a fast materials screening route for high melting point inorganic materials.
Resonant solutions of the non-linear Schrödinger equation with periodic potential
*
Authors: Duaibes Arein , Karpeshina Yulia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The goal is construction of stationary solutions close to non-trivial combinations of two plane waves at high energies for a periodic non-linear Schrödinger Equation in dimension two. The corresponding isoenergetic surface is described for any sufficiently large energy k
2. It is shown that the isoenergetic surface corresponding to k
2 is essentially different from that for the zero potential even for small potentials. We use a combination of the perturbative results obtained earlier for the linear case and a method of successive approximation.
Imaging light fluence in blood vessels by combining photoacoustic fluctuation imaging and ultrasound power Doppler
Authors: Falco Ivana , Bossy Emmanuel , Arnal Bastien 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives. Numerous optical biomedical imaging or therapeutic modalities suffer from unknown light fluence distribution at depths. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging, which enables imaging blood vessels at the acoustic resolution, probes the product between the fluence and effective optical absorption that depends on the size or density of blood vessels. In the case of unresolved vessels, fluence and absorption can not be decoupled using PA imaging alone without the use of inverse problems. Thus, we propose combining two modalities that are sensitive to blood vessels to directly image fluence maps within vascularized areas, including in unresolved vessels. Approach. To achieve fluence imaging, the combination of photoacoustic fluctuation (PAFI) and Ultrasound Power Doppler (UPD) images is considered. After exposing a new theoretical expression of the UPD image, we establish a fluence imaging method giving quantitative fluence in blood vessels. Fluence imaging involves resolution compensation with a PSF filter that is compared to alternative simpler corrections. Main results. This method universally applies to arbitrary hematocrit and multi-scale vessel imaging. Using a spherical sparse array, we demonstrate 3D fluence imaging within blood vessels in simulation and experiments which is not possible with PAFI alone. Significance. Overall, we show that combining PAFI and UPD has the potential for real-time light dosimetry or could enhance quantitative inverse problems in PA imaging.
MSRA-Net: multi-channel semantic-aware and residual attention mechanism network for unsupervised 3D image registration
Authors: Ren Xiaozhen , Song Haoyuan , Zhang Zihao , Yang Tiejun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is developing rapidly in the field of medical image registration, and the proposed U-Net further improves the precision of registration. However, this method may discard certain important information in the process of encoding and decoding steps, consequently leading to a decline in accuracy. To solve this problem, a multi-channel semantic-aware and residual attention mechanism network (MSRA-Net) is proposed in this paper. Approach. Our proposed network achieves efficient information aggregation by cleverly extracting the features of different channels. Firstly, a context-aware module (CAM) is designed to extract valuable contextual information. And the depth-wise separable convolution is employed in the CAM to alleviate the computational burden. Then, a new multi-channel semantic-aware module (MCSAM) is designed for more comprehensive fusion of up-sampling features. Additionally, the residual attention module is introduced in the up-sampling process to extract more semantic information and minimize information loss. Main results. This study utilizes Dice score, average symmetric surface distance and negative Jacobian determinant evaluation metrics to evaluate the influence of registration. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed MSRA-Net has the highest accuracy compared to several state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, our network has demonstrated the highest Dice score across multiple datasets, thereby indicating that the superior generalization capabilities of our model. Significance. The proposed MSRA-Net offers a novel approach to improve medical image registration accuracy, with implications for various clinical applications. Our implementation is available at https://github.com/shy922/MSRA-Net.
An operator-independent quality assurance system for automatically generated structure sets
Authors: Bookbinder Alexander , Bobić Mislav , Sharp Gregory C , Nenoff Lena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study describes geometry-based and intensity-based tools for quality assurance (QA) of automatically generated structures for online adaptive radiotherapy, and designs an operator-independent traffic light system that identifies erroneous structure sets. Approach. A cohort of eight head and neck (HN) patients with daily CBCTs was selected for test development. Radiotherapy contours were propagated from planning computed tomography (CT) to daily cone beam CT (CBCT) using deformable image registration. These propagated structures were visually verified for acceptability. For each CBCT, several error scenarios were used to generate what were judged unacceptable structures. Ten additional HN patients with daily CBCTs and different error scenarios were selected for validation. A suite of tests based on image intensity, intensity gradient, and structure geometry was developed using acceptable and unacceptable HN planning structures. Combinations of one test applied to one structure, referred to as structure-test combinations, were selected for inclusion in the QA system based on their discriminatory power. A traffic light system was used to aggregate the structure-test combinations, and the system was evaluated on all fractions of the ten validation HN patients. Results. The QA system distinguished between acceptable and unacceptable fractions with high accuracy, labeling 294/324 acceptable fractions as green or yellow and 19/20 unacceptable fractions as yellow or red. Significance. This study demonstrates a system to supplement manual review of radiotherapy planning structures. Automated QA is performed by aggregating results from multiple intensity- and geometry-based tests.
Translating contrast enhanced computed tomography images to liver radioembolization dose distribution for more comprehensively indicating patients
Authors: Mehadji Brahim , Ruvalcaba Carlos A , Hernandez Andrew M , Abdelhafez Yasser G , Goldman Roger , Roncali Emilie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is commonly used in the pre-treatment evaluation of liver Y-90 radioembolization feasibility. CECT provides detailed imaging of the liver and surrounding structures, allowing healthcare providers to assess the size, location, and characteristics of liver tumors prior to the treatment. Here we propose a method for translating CECT images to an expected dose distribution for tumor(s) and normal liver tissue. Approach. A pre-procedure CECT is used to obtain an iodine arterial-phase distribution by subtracting the non-contrast CT from the late arterial phase. The liver segments surrounding the targeted tumor are selected using Couinaud’s method. The resolution of the resulting images is then degraded to match the resolution of the positron emission tomography (PET) images, which can image the Y-90 activity distribution post-treatment. The resulting images are then used in the same way as PET images to compute doses using the local deposition method. CECT images from three patients were used to test this method retrospectively and were compared with Y-90 PET-based dose distributions through dose volume histograms. Main results. Results show a concordance between predicted and delivered Y-90 dose distributions with less than 10% difference in terms of mean dose, for doses greater than 10% of the 98th percentile (D2%). Significance. CECT-derived predictions of Y-90 radioembolization dose distributions seem promising as a supplementary tool for physicians when assessing treatment feasibility. This dosimetry prediction method could provide a more comprehensive pre-treatment evaluation—offering greater insights than a basic assessment of tumor opacification on CT images.
SiamQuality: a ConvNet-based foundation model for photoplethysmography signals
Authors: Ding Cheng , Guo Zhicheng , Chen Zhaoliang , Lee Randall J , Rudin Cynthia , Hu Xiao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Physiological data are often low quality and thereby compromises the effectiveness of related health monitoring. The primary goal of this study is to develop a robust foundation model that can effectively handle low-quality issue in physiological data. Approach. We introduce SiamQuality, a self-supervised learning approach using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as the backbone. SiamQuality learns to generate similar representations for both high and low quality photoplethysmography (PPG) signals that originate from similar physiological states. We leveraged a substantial dataset of PPG signals from hospitalized intensive care patients, comprised of over 36 million 30 s PPG pairs. Main results. After pre-training the SiamQuality model, it was fine-tuned and tested on six PPG downstream tasks focusing on cardiovascular monitoring. Notably, in tasks such as respiratory rate estimation and atrial fibrillation detection, the model’s performance exceeded the state-of-the-art by 75% and 5%, respectively. The results highlight the effectiveness of our model across all evaluated tasks, demonstrating significant improvements, especially in applications for heart monitoring on wearable devices. Significance. This study underscores the potential of CNNs as a robust backbone for foundation models tailored to physiological data, emphasizing their capability to maintain performance despite variations in data quality. The success of the SiamQuality model in handling real-world, variable-quality data opens new avenues for the development of more reliable and efficient healthcare monitoring technologies.
EuroPED-NN: uncertainty aware surrogate model
Authors: Panera Alvarez A , Ho A , Järvinen A , Saarelma S , Wiesen S ,   JET Contributors,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This work successfully generates an uncertainty-aware surrogate model of the EuroPED plasma pedestal model using the Bayesian neural network with noise contrastive prior (BNN-NCP) technique. This model is trained using data from the JET-ILW pedestal database and subsequent model evaluations, conforming to EuroPED-NN. The BNN-NCP technique has been proven to be a suitable method for generating uncertainty-aware surrogate models. It matches the output results of a regular neural network while providing confidence estimates for predictions as uncertainties. Additionally, it highlights out-of-distribution regions using surrogate model uncertainties. This provides critical insights into model robustness and reliability. EuroPED-NN has been physically validated, first, analyzing electron density

n
e

(

ψ

pol

=
0.94
)

with respect to increasing plasma current,

I
p

, and second, validating the

Δ
−

β

p
,
ped

relation associated with the EuroPED model. This affirms the robustness of the underlying physics learned by the surrogate model. On top of that, the method was used to develop a EuroPED-like model fed with experimental data, i.e. an uncertainty aware experimental model, which is functional in JET database. Both models have been also tested in ∼50 AUG shots.
Novel identification algorithm for plasma boundary gap based on visible endoscope diagnostic on EAST tokamak
Authors: Hu Jiahui , Hou Jiancheng , Han Xiaofeng , Yang Jianhua , Wang Teng , Liu Jianwen , Yan Ning , Wang Yifeng , Sun Pengjun , Ren Mengfang , Xiao Shumei , Zang Qing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The precise plasma boundary gap identification at the midplane is a prerequisite for achieving controlled plasma positioning and holds a significant importance for the stable operation of tokamak devices. This study proposes a plasma boundary gap at the midplane recognition algorithm based on visual endoscopy diagnostic. The model is an end-to-end one that uses a convolutional neural network that does not require manual data labeling. The model performance is improved by experimentally comparing different convolutional layers and input image sizes. The model is validated using a testing dataset comprising 400 plasma discharge moments. The model has average errors of 3.7 and 4 mm for gap-in and -out, respectively, when compared to those obtained by equilibrium fitting. The proposed approach offers a convenient and effective means of obtaining the boundary gap value and is particularly suited for future fusion experimental devices, such as BEST and ITER tokamak.
A review on reprogrammable bistable structures
Authors: Zhang Chao , Yin Xiaofeng , Chen Rongchu , Ju Kaiwen , Hao Yinxuan , Wu Tong , Sun Jian , Yang Huxiao , Xu Yan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Bistable structures have attracted attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in soft robotics, logic gates and energy harvesting devices. The bi-stability is always an inherent property if the bistable structures are pre-designed. A reprogrammable bistable structure that does not require re-designing and re-fabricating the prototype is highly desirable. Despite its vast potential and burgeoning interest, the field of reprogrammable bistable structures lacks a cohesive and comprehensive review. Therefore, this paper presents a state-of-the-art review of recent advances in the basic structural forms, key parameters determining bistable characteristics, active regulation mechanisms, and potential applications of reprogrammable bistable structures. It also presents the remaining challenges and suggests possible future research directions in the field of reprogrammable bistable structures. This review will provide valuable insights for researchers and engineers to explore the vast potential of reprogrammable bistable structures.
Acoustic emission monitoring of composite marine propellers in submerged conditions using embedded piezoelectric sensors
Authors: Huijer Arnaud , Kassapoglou Christos , Pahlavan Lotfollah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Flexible composite marine propellers can aid the marine industry in reducing carbon emissions and underwater radiated noise pollution. The structural integrity of the blades can be assessed using structural health monitoring. One of these methods is the measurement and analysis of damage-induced acoustic emission signals. This paper experimentally investigates the feasibility of using embedded piezoelectric sensors for the measurement of acoustic emissions throughout a submerged flexible composite marine propeller blade. A full-scale glass-fibre reinforced polymer blade has been manufactured with 24 embedded sensors. While suspended in artificial seawater, acoustic emissions were simulated on the blade. The measurements show that the embedded piezoelectric sensors can measure acoustic emissions while the blade is submerged. Further, the distance from source to sensor over which the acoustic emission is measurable was investigated. For a noise level of 40 dB and a source amplitude of 70 dB between 100 and 250 kHz, an average maximum measurable distance of 124 mm was obtained. For higher frequencies, the distance drops and for lower noise levels the distance increases.
Fiber loop quantum buffer for photonic qubits
Authors: Fook Lee Kim , Gül Gamze , Jim Zhao , Kumar Prem 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We report a fiber loop quantum buffer based on a low-loss 2 × 2 switch and a unit delay made of a fiber delay line. We characterize the device by using a two-photon polarization entangled state in which one photon of the entangled photon pair is stored and retrieved at a repetition rate up to 78 kHz. The device, which enables integer multiples of a unit delay, can store the qubit state in a unit of fiber delay line up to 5.4 km and the number of loop round-trips up to 3. Furthermore, we configure the device with other active elements to realize integer multiplier and divider of a unit delay of a qubit. The quantum state tomography is performed on the retrieved photon and its entangled photon. We obtain a state fidelity

>

94

%

with a maximum storage time of 52 μs with an insertion loss of 5.56 dB. To further characterize the storing and retrieving processes of the device, we perform entanglement-assisted quantum process tomography on the buffered qubit state. The process fidelity of the device is

>

0.98. Our result implies that the device preserves the superposition and entanglement of a qubit state from a two-photon polarization-entangled state. This is a significant step towards facilitating applications in optical asynchronous transfer mode based quantum networks.
Investigation of conjunctivitis adenovirus spread in human eyes by using bifurcation tool and numerical treatment approach
Authors: Javed Faisal , Ahmad Aqeel , Ali Ali Hasan , Hincal Evren , Amjad Ayesha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In order to investigate the dynamics of the system, a mathematical model must be created to comprehend the dynamics of various prevalent diseases worldwide. The purpose of this investigation is to explore the early identification and treatment of conjunctivitis adenovirus by introducing vaccination methods for asymptomatic individuals. A mathematical model is constructed with the aim of strengthening the immune system. The ABC operator is then utilized to convert the model into a fractionally ordered one. The developed system is analyzed with analytical solutions by employing Sumudu transforms, including convergence analysis. The boundedness and uniqueness of the model are investigated using Banach space, which are key properties of such epidemic models. The uniqueness of the system is confirmed to ensure it has a unique solution. The stability of the newly constructed SEVIR system is investigated both qualitatively and statistically, and the system’s flip bifurcation has been verified. The developed system is examined through a Lyapunov function-based local and global stability study. The solution to the system is found using the Atangana-Toufik technique, a sophisticated method for reliable bounded solutions, employing various fractional values. Error analysis has also been conducted for the scheme. Simulations have been carried out to observe the real behavior and effects of the conjunctivitis virus, confirming that individuals with a strong immune response can recover without medication during the acute stage of infection. This helps to understand the real situation regarding the control of conjunctivitis adenovirus after early detection and treatment by introducing vaccination measures due to the strong immune response of the patients. Such investigations are useful for understanding the spread of the disease and for developing control strategies based on the justified outcomes.
Correlation equalities and some upper bounds for the coupling constant implying area decay of Wilson loop for Z
3 lattice gauge theories
Authors: Mota A L , Sá Barreto F C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Correlation identities are obtained for a Z
3 lattice gauge theory where the bonds of the plaquettes are decorated by generalized three-state Ising variables. Making use of correlation inequalities, we obtain rigorous bounds to the area decay of the Wilson loop observable in a range of the coupling parameter larger than those obtained from mean field theory considerations.