bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Fully-Coupled Multiphase Flow and Geomechanics Simulation
Authors: Alpak Faruk O. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMaterial nonlinearity; boundary and arching constraints; non-uniform reservoir flows; sliding along material interfaces or faults are among the causes of shear deformation or changes in the total stresses, and the resulting stress redistribution in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Previous studies have demonstrated that shear or non-uniform deformation and stress re-distribution in subsurface formations may have significant effects on reservoir fluid flows. Thus, a two-way coupled analysis is the required approach under circumstances where the shear deformation or changes in total stresses in the reservoir cannot be neglected.A novel coupled multiphysics simulator is developed for the dynamic modeling of multiphase thermal-compositional flow, and elastoplastic geomechanical deformation. The equations that govern multiphase flow in permeable media, heat transport, and elastoplastic geomechanics altogether lead to a highly nonlinear system. Finite-volume and Galerkin finite-element methods are respectively used for the numerical solution of thermal-compositional multiphase fluid-flow and geomechanics equations on general hexahedral (cornerpoint) grids. Due its improved stability and rapid convergence characteristics, the resulting multiphysics system of equations is solved via a fully-implicit formulation using an effective implementation of the Newton-Raphson method in the default mode.The coupled simulator is by-design maximally modular: The flow simulation and elastoplastic geomechanics modules can be run independently in the single-physics mode. Alternatively, these two fundamental modules can be operated in a two-way coupled mode with explicit, iterative, and fully-implicit coupling options. The coupled modeling system lends itself naturally not only to near-wellbore coupled flow and geomechanical deformation problems where poroplasticity may play a more prominent role but also to reservoir-scale simulations where both poroelasticity and poroplasticity are of relevance. The coupled simulator is validated against analytical solutions for simple cases, and using published data in the open literature. Validation results demonstrate the robust, fast, and accurate predictive capabilities of the multiphysics modeling protocol.
Automated History Matching Using Combination of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy System (ANFIS) and Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Rammay Muzammil Hussain , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHistory Matching is one of the most important steps to calibrate the Reservoir Simulation models. There are hundreds of thousands of grid blocks in reservoir simulation model, therefore manual History matching is not feasible for these cases. Automatic history matching uses mathematical algorithm and techniques to adjust reservoir engineering data rather than direct engineering judgment. History matching problem is highly non-unique and in order to assess the Non-Uniqueness of the problem, Multiple Models History Matched Models are required.The History Matching with Multiple Models requires a very large number of reservoir simulations which can yield slow Field developments and large computational effort, which are very costly to make effective decision in terms of time and money. Often due to the lack of availability of multiple history matched models, there would be a lack in proper assessment of non-uniqueness, and it costs the wrong decision in terms of dry well or low productivity well. To minimize this problem some techniques such as Spline, Neural Networks, Kriging and Experimental Design, have been presented in the literature to be used as proxies to reservoir simulator. But all proxies can deliver only one history matched model, which can be highly non unique.In this paper combination of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy System (ANFIS) and Differential Evolution algorithm is proposed, which can minimize the above problems, by obtaining various history matched models with minimum number of simulation runs and by this way non unique problem can be minimized and accurately assessed in less time. Inputs for ANFIS model are the reservoir simulation model parameters like porosity and permeabilities of three layers and output would be differences between observed and simulated field pressure and oil production rates, water production rates of wells, which are merged together to form an objective function of error or misfit. Differential Evolution obtains Global optimum results through ANFIS, so it cuts down the expensive simulation time. The results showed the large potential of application of the technique introduced.
Advanced Solution for Unit Data System Management
Authors: Panda Rajeev , Harne Vishal 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Within the oil and gas exploration and production industry, larger engineering applications use various unit systems to help maintain data storage according to geographical preferences. This large amount of data requires significant manual effort to manage, which can cause potential human errors during data input and validation. Currently, the industry lacks such a system or tool to help design and validate the unit system preferred for any engineering application.
The solution this paper proposes for advanced unit system data management helps provide data entry and validation through a grid-like structure. The solution is provided in the form of executable/desktop application and web services for interoperability between multiple clients by means of a server system. This tool is intended to provide multiple data entries where the user can import Microsoft® Excel formats and save them directly into the relational database management system (RDBMS) (SQL Server E-Book 2011). The user should be able to copy and paste from Microsoft Excel into the tool user interface (UI) grid (fixed schema being the only limitation). However, it can also provide the flexibility to add single data entries where the user can add/update a field into RDBMS with the necessary information. During multiple or single data entry, the user can save them directly into RDBMS or generate XML or SQL scripts or XML data for interoperability (Bosworth et al. 2003). This solution contains another capability of performing the data validation around the existing data.
This paper discusses the solution for unit data system management. Additionally, discussed are the application, merits, and limitations of this solution. This solution can significantly help improve the efficiency of validating the complex data structure of the unit system metadata information, thus potentially saving a significant amount of manual effort, thereby saving man-hours and eventually associated costs.
Exploring Efficient Alternatives for High Performance Computing Requirements in Coupled Fluid-Flow and Stress Simulations for the Oil & Gas Industry
Authors: Rodrigues E.. , Serra Segura J. M. , Vargas Mendoza P.. , Ausas R.. , Das K.. , Mello U.. , Lakshmikantha M. R. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Numerical simulation is becoming an indispensable tool for the Oil & Gas industry. In order to simulate large numerical models, common practice is to rely on parallel computing. Here, we present key concepts for the development of numerical application intended to be parallel from start. Design and implementation of numerical simulators require many decisions. However, engineers do not consider parallelization priority. This is not a good decision and we present three factors that affect the implementation and performance of a numerical tool. Memory usage: workstations have very large amounts of memory. It is tempting to "splurge" on that resource. However, parallel machines have less memory per processor (e.g. BlueGene and GPU). Reducing the memory footprint in order to parallelize an existing numerical tool is time-consuming and error prone. Conversely, developing numerical code in such environment means that they can run with fine-grained parallelism when needed, but still run in fatter nodes. I/O: Usually the numerical core is the focus of parallelization. Nonetheless, as applications scale to large processor counts, I/O becomes a bottleneck. As an efficient alternative, I/O routines can be implemented in HDF5. This has two main advantages: (1) it is parallel and relies on the underlying parallel I/O system (e.g. GPFS); (2) and it is an open standard. Adopting it at a later stage would mean a different file format in the workflow that would require converters that can become a bottleneck. Solvers: Discretization of the governing equations leads to large systems that need to be assembled and solved several times during the computation. This requires efficient iterative solvers. Interchangeable interfaces for standardized libraries add flexibility. This is fundamental for ill-conditioned problems found in coupled fluid flow and stress phenomenon.
Analgesic effects of intraneural injection of ethyl alcohol or formaldehyde in the palmar digital nerves of horses
Authors: Schneider Christine P. , Ishihara Akikazu , Adams Todd P. , Zekas Lisa J. , Oglesbee Michael , Bertone Alicia L. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine analgesic effects of intraneural injection of ethyl alcohol or formaldehyde in the palmar digital nerves of horses.
Animals—6 horses.
Procedures—Ethyl alcohol was injected in the medial palmar digital nerve of 1 forelimb, and formaldehyde was injected in the contralateral nerve. The lateral palmar digital nerve in 1 forelimb was surgically exposed, but not injected, and the contralateral lateral palmar digital nerve was not treated. For each heel, severity of lameness in response to experimentally induced heel pain (lameness score and peak vertical force), thermal reaction time, and heel skin sensitivity scores were recorded. Heel pain was experimentally induced by advancing a threaded bolt through a custom-made horseshoe to apply pressure to the palmar horned aspect of the hoof. Horses were followed up for 112 days, when a subset of nerves was sampled for histologic analysis.
Results—Alcohol and formaldehyde significantly reduced all measures of heel pain, and analgesia was evident over the 112 days of the study. Pastern circumference was significantly greater for formaldehyde-treated than for alcohol-treated limbs. Histologic evaluation showed preservation of nerve fiber alignment with an intact epineurium, loss of axons, axon degeneration, fibrosis, and inflammation in alcohol-treated and formaldehyde-treated nerves.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that intraneural injection of either ethyl alcohol or formaldehyde in the palmar digital nerves of horses resulted in substantial, but partial, heel analgesia that persisted for at least 112 days. No advantage of formaldehyde over alcohol was found, and formaldehyde resulted in greater soft tissue inflammation.
Tertiarization and Human Capital: Do They Matter for Growth? Insights From Portugal
Authors: Pedrosa Silva Duarte Maria Adelaide , Nunes Simões Marta Cristina 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We investigate the existence of causality among sectoral productivity, services sector expansion, human capital, and aggregate productivity over the period 1970-2006 in the Portuguese economy taking into account the contribution of services sub-sectors with different potential for productivity improvements, market and non-market services. The main aim is to examine whether the increasing tertiarization of the Portuguese economy constituted an obstacle or an opportunity for its aggregate productivity performance and if the expansion of the services sector is related to human capital availability, based on the former disaggregation of the services sector. The evidence suggests bidirectional causality between sectoral and aggregate productivity, with sectoral employment shares and human capital not revealing themselves as relevant for the explanation of the other variables nor being influenced by them. Across services categories, non-market services seem to be the most influential one, making a positive and lasting contribution to aggregate productivity, while market services seem to have had no influence on aggregate productivity dynamics
Migration Costs in Asymmetric Environments and Education Outsourcing. The Case of Romania
Authors: Oprean Victor Bogdan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In the conditions of the international mobility of the labor forces, there is a complex set of incentives to provide an international applicability of a given type of education. But there is a specific cost of providing such education for the countries that face an education outsourcing. The objective of this study is to provide an assessment of such cost for an emerging economy like the Romanian one. We are adopting a modified version of the analytical framework proposed by Poutvaara (2005). This framework describes the link between public education and migration, and can be used to test the migration incentives from Romania to EU15 countries. Further, we estimate the loss of Romanian economy as a result of such a process using a dataset for a 7-year period prior and post- Romanian accession to EU in 2007
Slovenian Managers in Business Negotiations
Authors: Završnik Bruno 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Negotiations are an integral part of our life, both personal as well as at business level. The negotiations are old just as much as the human race and covering all human activities. They are the most complex forms of relationships between people, which represent a number of interdisciplinary knowledge and skills. The secret of successful negotiations is usually good prepared of the negotiators. Negotiations do not begin when we meet with opposite negotiator, but much earlier. The purpose of this study was to find out the negotiations in practice, what the negotiators, the Slovenian managers how to prepare for negotiations, how to negotiate, what negotiating tactics used, what personal qualities emphasize in the negotiations and, and finally how to evaluate themselves as negotiators
Determinants of Information Technology Outsourcing
Authors: Mazza Tatiana , Azzali Stefano 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Financial reporting is a key outputs of Information Technology (IT). Thus to assure the reliability of financial reporting, the IT audit has to be evaluated. The evaluation of IT Audit is necessary also when the IT is outsourced. This paper aims to identify the determinants of the Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) decision in Italy and to test empirically the ITO framework developed theoretically by Lacity et al. (2011), using the variable construction based on Lacity et al. (2010). We use a questionnaire addressed to Italian companies which are today obliged to comply with Law 262/2005. The aim is to test the reliability of financial reporting through the evaluation of internal control, such as IT audit. We control for the non-response bias. We build a panel data for our regression model. We find that client firm characteristics, Task Complexity and ITO outcomes are significant for Italian listed companies in the ITO decision. The findings are original in that they concern a country which has specific characteristics and where very little empirical research exists on the topic.
Genetic Differentiation of Common Fox Vulpes Vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Basis of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Igf1), Myosin-Xv (Myo15a) and Paired Box Homeotic 3 (Pax3) Genes Fragments Polymorphism
Authors: Jakubczak Andrzej , Gryzińska Magdalena , Horecka Beata , Kasperek Kornel , Dziadosz Katarzyna , Jeżewska-Witkowska Grażyna 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was analysed for selected fragments of three genes - insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), myosin-XV (MYO15A) and paired box homeotic gene 3 (PAX3) - in farm and wild red foxes from two continents. The study was undertaken in order to verify whether the SNP characteristics of these genes enable farm-bred foxes to be distinguished from free-living foxes. The greatest number of changes were detected in the IGF1 gene. For each of the genes investigated specific SNP profiles characteristic only for farm foxes and only for wild foxes were noted. At the same time, specific SNP profiles were noted for wild foxes from North America and from Europe. The frequency of SNP (bases per SNP) in the gene fragments examined was 22 bp for IGF1, 34 bp for PAX3 and 56 bp for MYO15A. Single-nucleotide polymorphism is a very good molecular marker enabling characterization of nucleotide variation in the genes investigated between wild and farm individuals
Characteristics of Staphylococcus Xylosus Isolated from Subclinical Mastitis in Cows
Authors: Bochniarz Mariola , Wawron Władysław , Szczubiał Marek , Brodzki Piotr , Piech Tomasz , Kusy Roland 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus xylosus isolated from subclinical mastitis in cows. The material consisted of 42 isolates of S. xylosus obtained from 276 samples of milk collected from cows with subclinical mastitis. The isolates were obtained from the udder secretions of 33 cows from farms in the Lublin region (Poland). S. xylosus was found in 15.2% of tested milk samples. The study did not reveal any macroscopic changes in the milk or symptoms in the cow’s body. The number of somatic cells in milk samples ranged from 245,000 to 416,000/ml of milk (on average 268,000/ml of milk). The ability to produce slime was observed in 42.9% of S. xylosus isolates. None of the tested isolates demonstrated the ability to produce protease or cause haemolysis. Five isolates of S. xylosus (11.9%) were classified to the methicillin-resistant group. The mecA gene was not found in any of these isolates. The enzyme β-lactamase was detected in 28.6% of S. xylosus isolates. The highest efficacy against S. xylosus was demonstrated for cephalosporin antibiotics: cefacetrile and cefoperazone (80.1% and 76.2% of susceptible isolates of S. xylosus, respectively). A significant quantity of isolates was resistant to streptomycin, linkomycin, penicillin and neomycin (approximately 10% of susceptible isolates of S. xylosus).
Impact of Prl and Fst Loci Polymorphism on Sexual Activity of Puławska Gilts* *
Authors: Babicz Marek , Skrzypczak Ewa , Kropiwiec Kinga , Kozubska-Sobocińska Anna , Danielak-Czech Barbara 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
PRL (prolactin) and FST (follistatin) genes were investigated and analysed with regard to values of selected indices determining the reproductive activity of gilts in heat. The performed analyses comprised gilts of Puławska breed kept within the framework of the Genetic Resources Protection Programme of Farm Animals. Ninety-six gilts were phenotyped (one set for FST and one set for PRL). Each genotype (PRL, FST) group was represented by an equinumerous population of 32 gilts. The analysis took into consideration the second and third spontaneous oestrus during which the following parameters were assessed: age, body weight, duration of the tolerance reflex in the phase of true oestrus and intensity of reproductive responses during the oestrus period. The sexual behaviour was estimated with the assistance of: the manual method, mounting with a simultaneous pressure with knees of the lumbosacral area, and using a teaser boar in accordance with a 3-point score. The performed experiments revealed a significant impact of polymorphism in the FST locus on oestrous activity. On the other hand, the PRL gene was found to affect feeding behaviour, motor activity (including oestrous) and contributed to lack of motor activity treated as rest or sleep.
Effect of feed structure on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and gastrointestinal tract of pigs – A Review
Authors: Flis Marianna , Sobotka Wiesław , Purwin Cezary 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The objective of this manuscript has been to analyse published data on the effect of feed structure (coarse/fine, meal/pelleted) on some parameters of the nutritional value of feed, performance of pigs and their gastrointestinal tract. The papers reporting mean geometric particle size or distribution of particles on sieves for the feeds used, were mainly considered. The literature data have indicated that finely ground feeds have a higher ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids and higher faecal digestibility of nutrients. They also contain more digestible and metabolisable energy than coarser ground feeds. Reduction of feed particle size has a stronger impact on the gain/feed ratio increase than on the daily gain of pigs. However, coarser feed structure and roller milling are efficient in maintaining the health of stomach. Lactic bacteria, stomach pH, short chain fatty acids in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), as well as the volume and character of mucins positively responded to coarser and to non-pelleted feeds. Less intensively ground feeds, especially before pelleting, are also better at protecting the GIT of pigs against microbial infection by Salmonella enterica. Based on the references, some recommendations of grinding intensity have also been included.
Blood Immunological and Biochemical Indicators in Turkey Hens Fed Diets With a Different Content of the Yeast Yarrowia Lipolytica
Authors: Czech Anna , Merska Malwina , Ognik Katarzyna 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine immunological and biochemical blood indicators of turkey hens administered feed mixtures with 3 or 6% of Yarrowia lipolytica strain yeast as a dietary nutrient. The experiment was carried out on 240 turkey hens, aged from 1 to 16 weeks. The hens were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups of 80 birds. Group I served as a control (K) and did not receive any experimental compounds. The turkey hens from experimental groups (YL3, YL6) were administered dried Yarrowia lipolytica yeast in two doses: 3% (YL3) and 6% (YL6) in feed mixtures. The study showed that the addition of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast in a dose of 3% but mainly in a dose of 6% stimulated the body’s immune defence mechanisms, which was evidenced by the increase in plasma lysozyme, % KF, IF, and reduction of monocyte ratio H/L in turkey hens. The advantage of using Yarrowia lipolytica in the nutrition of turkey hens was also a decrease in the content of blood indicators of lipid peroxidation such as CHOL, TG and LDL-cholesterol fraction, and an increase in the percentage of HDL-cholesterol fraction. The use of yeast component in the feeding of turkey hens affected the health status of birds and contributed to proper (not deviating from the reference values) biochemical indicators of metabolism.
Effect of Achillea Millefolium L. and Matricaria Chamomilla L. on Consumption of Juniperus Oxycedrus L. and J. Phoenicea L. by Goats
Authors: Rogosic Jozo , Saric Tomislav , Zupan Ivan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Reduction in herbage production and plant diversity on rangelands on the coastal part of Croatia, due to invasion of terpene-rich shrubs has been recorded during the recent period. Therefore, there is a strong need to understand ecological relationships between plant and animal components of these shrubby ecosystems. Through four consecutive experiments, we investigated the potential of two well-known medicinal herbs, Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow) and Matricaria chamomilla L. (chamomile), as a feed supplement to increase intake of two terpenoid shrubs, Juniperus oxycedrus and J. phoenicea, by goats. Preliminary research indicated that both yarrow and chamomile had a positive influence on the intake of J. phoenicea by goats, but not on the consumption of J. oxycedrus. Our model could be implemented in the field as an approach to reduce the abundance of J. phoenicea in the environment and to improve the quality of herbage (grasses and forbs) on Mediterranean pastures.