bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Generative Model of the Distal Tibial Classic Metaphyseal Lesion in Infants: Assessment of Synthetic Images
Authors: Wu Shaoju , Kurugol Sila , Kleinman Paul K , Ecklund Kirsten , Walters Michele , Connolly Susan A , Johnston Patrick , Tsai Andy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The classic metaphyseal lesion (CML) is a distinctive fracture highly specific to infant abuse. To increase the size and diversity of the training CML database for automated deep-learning detection of this fracture, we developed a mask conditional diffusion model (MaC-DM) to generate synthetic images with and without CMLs.

Purpose
To objectively and subjectively assess the synthetic radiographic images with and without CMLs generated by MaC-DM.

Materials and Methods
For retrospective testing, we randomly chose 100 real images (50 normals and 50 with CMLs; 39 infants, male = 22, female = 17; mean age = 4.1 months; SD = 3.1 months) from an existing distal tibia dataset (177 normal, 73 with CMLs), and generated 100 synthetic distal tibia images via MaC-DM (50 normals and 50 with CMLs). These test images were shown to three blinded radiologists. In the 1st session, radiologists determined if the images were normal or had CMLs. In the 2nd session, they determined if the images were real or synthetic. We analyzed the radiologists’ interpretations, and employed t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) technique to analyze the data distribution of the test images.

Results
When presented with the 200 images (100 synthetic, 100 with CMLs), radiologists reliably and accurately diagnosed CMLs (kappa = 0.90, 95% CI = [0.88, 0.92]; accuracy = 92%, 95% CI = [89%, 97%]). However, they were inaccurate in differentiating between real and synthetic images (kappa = 0.05, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.07]; accuracy = 53%, 95% CI = [49%, 59%]). The t-SNE analysis showed substantial differences in the data distribution between normal images and those with CMLs (AUC = 0.996, 95% CI = [0.992, 1.000], P &lt; 0.01), but minor differences between real and synthetic images (AUC = 0.566, 95% CI = [0.486, 0.647], P = 0.11).

Conclusion
Radiologists accurately diagnosed images with distal tibial CMLs but were unable to distinguish real from synthetically generated ones, indicating that our generative model could synthesize realistic images. Thus, MaC-DM holds promise as an effective strategy for data augmentation in training machine-learning models for diagnosis of distal tibial CMLs.
Housing Market Appreciation and the White-Black Wealth Gap
Authors: LaBriola Joe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Real house prices in the United States have risen by 55 percent over the last four decades, driving substantial wealth benefits to homeowners. However, research has not explored how this rise in house prices has affected White-Black wealth gaps, or the mechanisms that may underlie this relationship. Using geocoded longitudinal household-level wealth data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and tract-level house price index data, I estimate that housing market appreciation between 1984 and 2021 explains 70 percent of the increase in the median White-Black wealth gap over this period. I find that most of this effect is due to White-Black gaps in homeownership, with White-Black gaps in house values playing a smaller role. In contrast to recent findings about racialized housing markets, I do not find that gaps in neighborhood house price appreciation between White and Black homeowners contributed to White-Black wealth gaps in the 2000s and 2010s. These results highlight the importance of cumulative advantage processes in driving wealth inequalities and demonstrate how the legacies of institutional racism contribute to contemporary racial wealth gaps.
Sevoflurane augments neuroinflammation by regulating DUSP6 via YTHDF1 in postoperative cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Ding Jie , Zhang Kai , Wang DongWei , Wang QingDong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a generally recognized complication experienced by patients who receive anesthesia during surgery. Sevoflurane, the most commonly used inhaled anesthetic, has been shown to trigger neuroinflammation that promotes to POCD.

Objective
This study examined the pathological mechanism by which sevoflurane causes neuroinflammation, participating in POCD.

Methods
To establish a neurocyte injury model, the human neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH were treated with sevoflurane. Cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was evaluated by DCFH-DA assays. A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Cytotoxicity Assay Kit was used to measure LDH levels. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays. Gene expression densities and protein abundance were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blotting. The interaction between YTHDF1 and dual specific phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) was validated using RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP)-qPCR and methylated RIP (MeRIP)-qPCR assays. Flow cytometry was performed to determine apoptosis.

Results
Sevoflurane promoted apoptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation and repressed the expression levels of YTHDF1 and DUSP6. Furthermore, YTHDF1 overexpression reversed sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation in neurocytes. DUSP6 overexpression could alleviate the neuroinflammation induced by sevoflurane via regulating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway. Moreover, YTHDF1 enhanced DUSP6 expression.

Conclusion
Sevoflurane-stimulated neuroinflammation by regulating DUSP6 via YTHDF1. Sevoflurane promoted neuroinflammation by regulating DUSP6 via YTHDF1 in an in vitro model of POCD.
Identifying assessment criteria for in vitro studies: a method and item bank
Authors: Whaley Paul , Blain Robyn B , Draper Derek , Rooney Andrew A , Walker Vickie R , Wattam Stephen , Wright Rob , Hooijmans Carlijn R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To support the development of appraisal tools for assessing the quality of in vitro studies, we developed a method for literature-based discovery of study assessment criteria, used the method to create an item bank of assessment criteria of potential relevance to in vitro studies, and analyzed the item bank to discern and critique current approaches for appraisal of in vitro studies. We searched four research indexes and included any document that identified itself as an appraisal tool for in vitro studies, was a systematic review that included a critical appraisal step, or was a reporting checklist for in vitro studies. We abstracted, normalized, and categorized all criteria applied by the included appraisal tools to create an “item bank” database of issues relevant to the assessment of in vitro studies. The resulting item bank consists of 676 unique appraisal concepts from 67 appraisal tools. We believe this item bank is the single most comprehensive resource of its type to date, should be of high utility for future tool development exercises, and provides a robust methodology for grounding tool development in the existing literature. Although we set out to develop an item bank specifically targeting in vitro studies, we found that many of the assessment concepts we discovered are readily applicable to other study designs. Item banks can be of significant value as a resource; however, there are important challenges in developing, maintaining, and extending them of which researchers should be aware.
Artificial intelligence and human rights
Authors: Kamble R M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an ever-increasing necessity in day-to-day life. Technology can be a powerful tool for human rights. As rightly quoted by John F. Kennedy, ‘the rights of every man are diminished when the right of one man is threatened....’. The present article focuses on a brief history and also on various types of AI. The issue of whether AI is beneficial or detrimental for human rights has a direct relationship with the overall impact of AI on human beings. This article discusses the issue of AI and its lacunas and various challenges that will have adverse effects on human rights. The article also highlights the positive and negative aspects of this and its impact on society as well as on the perspective of human rights. The article further briefly discusses the implementation of AI in the judicial system.
Chiefs, Courts, and Upholding Property Rights: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Sierra Leone
Authors: Kpaka Henry Musa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Land disputes are unavoidable and costly to resolve in the formal courts in contexts with weak property rights and low state capacity. In order to relax the pressure on strained formal courts, many countries permit parallel informal dispute-resolution forums. This paper studies the extent to which one such forum—Chiefdom Land Committees (CLCs)—in Sierra Leone is able to resolve land disputes. This paper constructs a data set of ligated cases at local courts across the country and implements a difference-in-difference design to estimate the effect of the CLCs on land caseload in the formal courts. Contrary to the policy goals, this paper finds that on average, chiefdoms with CLCs have higher land caseload in the formal courts three years on. By adopting the CLCs, chiefdoms plausibly made land issues more salient, but, instead of providing final resolutions, CLCs are conduits for the formalization of land disputes.
THUMPD3‐AS1 inhibits ovarian cancer cell apoptosis through the miR‐320d/ARF1 axis
Authors: Mu Qingling , Wang Xin , Huang Kui , Xia Baoguo , Bi Shuna , Kong Yujie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOvarian cancer is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies that has a poor prognosis. THUMPD3‐AS1 is an oncogenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in several cancers. Moreover, miR‐320d is downregulated and inhibited proliferation in ovarian cancer cells, whereas ARF1 was upregulated and promoted the malignant progression in epithelial ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, the role of THUMPD3‐AS1 in ovarian cancer and the underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated. Human normal ovarian epithelial cells (IOSE80) and ovarian cancer cell lines (CAVO3, A2780, SKOV3, OVCAR3, and HEY) were adopted for in vitro experiments. The functional roles of THUMPD3‐AS1 in cell viability and apoptosis were determined using CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays. Western blot was performed to assess the protein levels of ARF1, Bax, Bcl‐2, and caspase 3, whereas RT‐qPCR was applied to measure ARF1 mRNA, THUMPD3‐AS1, and miR‐320d levels. The targeting relationship between miR‐320d and THUMPD3‐AS1 or ARF1 was validated with dual luciferase assay. THUMPD3‐AS1 and ARF1 were highly expressed in ovarian cancer cells, whereas miR‐320d level was lowly expressed. THUMPD3‐AS1 knockdown was able to repress cell viability and accelerate apoptosis of OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells. Also, THUMPD3‐AS1 acted as a sponge of miR‐320d, preventing the degradation of ARF1. MiR‐320d downregulation reversed the tumor suppressive function induced by THUMPD3‐AS1 depletion. Additionally, miR‐320d overexpression inhibited ovarian cancer cell viability and accelerated apoptosis, which was overturned by overexpression of ARF1. THUMPD3‐AS1 inhibited ovarian cancer cell apoptosis by modulation of miR‐320d/ARF1 axis. The discoveries might provide a prospective target for ovarian cancer treatment.
Tumor‐associated genetic amplifications impact extracellular vesicle miRNA cargo and their recruitment of nerves in head and neck cancer
Authors: Restaino Anthony C. , Walz Austin , Barclay Sarah M. , Fettig Robin R. , Vermeer Paola D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCancer neuroscience is an emerging field of cancer biology focused on defining the interactions and relationships between the nervous system, developing malignancies, and their environments. Our previous work demonstrates that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released by head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) recruit loco‐regional nerves to the tumor. sEVs contain a diverse collection of biological cargo, including microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we asked whether two genes commonly amplified in HNSCC, CCND1, and PIK3CA, impact the sEV miRNA cargo and, subsequently, sEV‐mediated tumor innervation. To test this, we individually overexpressed these genes in a syngeneic murine HNSCC cell line, purified their sEVs, and tested their neurite outgrowth activity on dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in vitro. sEVs purified from Ccnd1‐overexpressing cells significantly increased neurite outgrowth of DRG compared to sEVs from parental or Pik3ca over‐expressing cells. When implanted into C57BL/6 mice, Ccnd1 over‐expressing tumor cells promoted significantly more tumor innervation in vivo. qPCR analysis of sEVs shows that increased expression of Ccnd1 altered the packaging of miRNAs (miR‐15‐5p, miR‐17‐5p, and miR‐21‐5p), many of which target transcripts important in regulating axonogenesis. These data indicate that genetic amplifications harbored by malignancies impose changes in sEV miRNA cargo, which can influence tumorc innervation.
Intermittent hypoxia exacerbates metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease by aggravating hepatic copper deficiency‐induced ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Ruhua , Lv Yuerong , Ni ZiYan , Feng Wei , Fan Pei , Wang Yan , Lin Yiguang , Chen Xueqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntermittent hypoxia (IH) is an independent risk factor for metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Copper deficiency can disrupt redox homeostasis, iron, and lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated whether hepatic copper deficiency plays a role in IH‐associated MAFLD and explored the underlying mechanism(s). Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a western‐type diet with adequate copper (CuA) or marginally deficient copper (CuD) and were exposed separately to room air (RA) or IH. Hepatic histology, plasma biomarkers, copper–iron status, and oxidative stress were assessed. An in vitro HepG2 cell lipotoxicity model and proteomic analysis were used to elucidate the specific targets involved. We observed that there were no differences in hepatic phenotypes between CuA‐fed and CuD‐fed mice under RA. However, in IH exposure, CuD‐fed mice showed more pronounced hepatic steatosis, liver injury, and oxidative stress than CuA‐fed mice. IH induced copper accumulation in the brain and heart and exacerbated hepatic copper deficiency and secondary iron deposition. In vitro, CuD‐treated cells with IH exposure showed elevated levels of lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis susceptibility. Proteomic analysis identified 360 upregulated and 359 downregulated differentially expressed proteins between CuA and CuD groups under IH; these proteins were mainly enriched in citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)α pathway, and ferroptosis. In IH exposure, CuD significantly upregulated the ferroptosis‐promoting factor arachidonyl‐CoA synthetase long chain family member (ACSL)4. ACSL4 knockdown markedly eliminated CuD‐induced ferroptosis and lipid accumulation in IH exposure. In conculsion, IH can lead to reduced hepatic copper reserves and secondary iron deposition, thereby inducing ferroptosis and subsequent MAFLD progression. Insufficient dietary copper may worsen IH‐associated MAFLD.
Interpretable Machine Learning Models Based on Shapley Additive Explanations for Predicting the Risk of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage in Lumbar Fusion Surgery
Authors: Guo ZongJie , Wang PeiYang , Ye SuHui , Li HaoYu , Bao JunPing , Shi Rui , Yang Shu , Yin Rui , Wu XiaoTao 
Published: July 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objectives.
The objective of this investigation was to formulate and internally verify a customized machine learning (ML) framework for forecasting cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) in lumbar fusion surgery. This was accomplished by integrating imaging parameters and using the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) technique to elucidate the interpretability of the model.

Summary of Background Data.
Given the increasing incidence and surgical volume of spinal degeneration worldwide, accurate predictions of postoperative complications are urgently needed. SHAP-based interpretable ML models have not been used for CSFL risk factor analysis in lumbar fusion surgery.

Methods.
Clinical and imaging data were retrospectively collected from 3505 patients who underwent lumbar fusion surgery. Six distinct machine learning models were formulated: extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian naive Bayes (GaussianNB), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) models. Evaluation of model performance on the test dataset was performed using performance metrics, and the analysis was executed through the SHAP framework.

Results.
CSFL was detected in 95 (2.71%) of 3505 patients. Notably, the XGBoost model exhibited outstanding accuracy in forecasting CSFLs, with high precision (0.9815), recall (0.6667), accuracy (0.8182), F1 score (0.7347), and AUC (0.7343). In addition, through SHAP analysis, significant predictors of CSFL were identified, including ligamentum flavum thickness, zygapophysial joint degeneration grade, central spinal stenosis grade, decompression segment count, decompression mode, intervertebral height difference, Cobb angle, intervertebral height index difference, operation mode, lumbar segment lordosis angle difference, Meyerding grade of lumbar spondylolisthesis, and revision surgery.

Conclusions.
The combination of the XGBoost model with the SHAP is an effective tool for predicting the risk of CSFL during lumbar fusion surgery. Its implementation could aid clinicians in making informed decisions, potentially enhancing patient outcomes and lowering healthcare expenses. This study advocates for the adoption of this approach in clinical settings to enhance the evaluation of CSFL risk among patients undergoing lumbar fusion.
Diaphragm-sparing efficacy of subparaneural upper trunk block for arthroscopic shoulder surgery
Authors: Jo Yumin , Oh Chahyun , Lee Woo-Yong , Lee Donggeun , Shin Suyeon , Chung Woosuk , Lim Chaeseong , Lee Sun Yeul , Hong Boohwi 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Inter-scalene block (ISB) is associated with an inevitable risk of hemi-diaphragmatic paresis (HDP). To reduce the risk of HDP, an upper trunk block (UTB) has been proposed at the brachial plexus division level.

OBJECTIVE
We hypothesised that UTB would be associated with a lower incidence of HDP than ISB while providing sufficient analgesia following arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

DESIGN
Randomised controlled trial.

SETTING
A tertiary teaching hospital.

PATIENTS
Seventy patients aged 20 to 80 years undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

INTERVENTION
Ultrasound-guided ISB or UTB was performed with 5 ml 0.75% ropivacaine.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was the incidence of complete HDP, assessed by diaphragm excursion using ultrasound, defined as a decrease to 25% or less of baseline or occurrence of paradoxical movement. Postoperative pulmonary function change, pain scores, opioid consumption and pain-related outcomes were the secondary outcomes.

RESULTS
The UTB group had a significantly lower incidence of complete HDP than the ISB group [5.9% (2/34) vs. 41.7% (15/36); absolute difference, 35.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 17.8 to 53.7%; P < 0.001]. The postblockade decline in pulmonary function was more pronounced in the ISB group than that in the UTB group. The pain score at 1 h postoperatively was not significantly different between the groups (ISB vs. UTB group: median 0 vs. 1; median difference, −1; 95% CI, −2 to 0.5). No significant difference was observed in any other secondary outcomes.

CONCLUSION
UTB was associated with a lower incidence of HDP compared with ISB while providing excellent analgesia in arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinical Trial Registry of Korea (https://cris.nih.go.kr) identifier: KCT0007002.

IRB NUMBER
Chungnam National University Hospital Institutional Review Board No. 2021-12-069.
Contained hepatic vascular injuries following liver trauma: a retrospective monocentric study and review of the literature
Authors: Frey Sébastien , Bentellis Imad , Sedat Jacques , Poirier Florent , Baque Patrick , Massalou Damien 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Over the past 30 years, there has been a major shift in the management of liver trauma. Contained hepatic vascular injuries (CHVI), including pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas, are often feared because of the risk of secondary hemorrhage. However, little is known about CHVI. There are no guidelines for their management. Our aim was to validate the risk factors for CHVI, to identify the associated morbidities, and to establish a management protocol.

Materials and methods:
A retrospective study of 318 liver trauma cases from a level 1 trauma center over the past 15 years, comparing the presence or absence of CHVI. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted. The treatment used to manage CHVI was also compared.

Results:
Liver trauma with the following characteristics, AAST grade ≥III, bilateral injuries, and laceration-type lesions, were associated with a higher risk of CHVI. Grade AAST ≥III and bilateral injuries were confirmed in a multivariable study with odds ratios as high as 4.0 and 3.5, respectively. CHVI was associated with significantly more delayed bleeding and controlled computed tomography. After analyzing the noninterventional management of CHVI less than 2 cm, a management algorithm is proposed.

Conclusions:
This retrospective unicentric study and literature review provide additional insight into the patient profile at risk for developing CHVI, its associated morbidity, and its management.
Intestinal adaptation and rehabilitation in adults with short bowel syndrome
Authors: Pironi Loris 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Over the past decade, trophic gastrointestinal hormonal factors have been included in the intestinal rehabilitation programs for short bowel syndrome (SBS). Up today the only trophic factor approved for clinical practice is the glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analogue, teduglutide. A literature review on the last 2-year data on GLP-2 analogues for the treatment of SBS in adults has been performed.

Recent findings
Several reports on real-world data on the efficacy and safety of teduglutide treatment for SBS, some case-reports on the use of teduglutide in non-SBS conditions as well as phase 2 trials on new GL-2 analogues on patients with SBS have been retrieved,

Summary
Real-world data confirmed the teduglutide efficacy not only in weaning off IVS in accurately selected patients but also increased the alert on the risk of development of gastrointestinal polyps related to the drug; the impact of the therapy on patients’ QoL deserves further studies and the cost-utility of the treatment is still uncertain. Some case reports highlighted the potential benefit of treatment with teduglutide in non-SBS gastrointestinal diseases, such as graft-versus-host disease, primary amyloidosis and refractory microscopic colitis. Phase 2 RCTs on safety and efficacy of two new long-acting GLP-2 analogues, glepaglutide and apraglutide, were published, and phase 3 RCTs have been completed.