bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the effect of gravity and nonhomogeneity on Rayleigh waves in higher-order elastic-viscoelastic half-space
Authors: Kakar Rajneesh 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this study, the coupled effects of gravity and nonhomogeneity on Rayleigh waves in an anisotropic layer placed over an isotropic viscoelastic half-space of higher order are discussed. The dispersion properties of waves are derived. The numerical solutions are also discussed for the Rayleigh waves. It is observed that the phase velocity of Rayleigh waves is influenced quite remarkably by the presence of inhomogeneity, gravity, and strain rates of the strain parameters in the half-space.
The Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Diabetic Retinopathy With Cognitive Function and Brain MRI Findings: The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial
Authors: Hugenschmidt Christina E. , Lovato James F. , Ambrosius Walter T. , Bryan R. Nick , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Horowitz Karen R. , Launer Lenore J. , Lazar Ronald M. , Murray Anne M. , Chew Emily Y. , Danis Ronald P. , Williamson Jeff D. , Miller Michael E. , Ding Jingzhong 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE
Longitudinal evidence linking diabetic retinopathy with changes in brain structure and cognition is sparse. We used data from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial to determine whether diabetic retinopathy at baseline predicted changes in brain structure or cognition 40 months later.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants from the ACCORD-MIND and ACCORD-Eye substudies were included in analyses of cognition (n = 1,862) and MRI-derived brain variables (n = 432). Retinopathy was categorized as none, mild nonproliferative, or moderate/severe. Tests of cognition included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Stroop test. Primary brain outcomes were gray matter and abnormal white matter volumes.

RESULTS
Baseline retinopathy was associated with lower gray matter volume (adjusted means of 470, 466, and 461 cm3 for none, mild, and moderate/severe retinopathy, respectively; P = 0.03). Baseline retinopathy also predicted a greater change in MMSE and DSST scores at 40 months in each retinopathy category (MMSE: −0.20, −0.57, and −0.42, respectively [P = 0.04]; DSST: −1.30, −1.84, and −2.89, respectively[P = 0.01]).

CONCLUSIONS
Diabetic retinopathy is associated with future cognitive decline in people with type 2 diabetes. Although diabetic retinopathy is not a perfect proxy for diabetes-related brain and cognitive decline, patients with type 2 diabetes and retinopathy represent a subgroup at higher risk for future cognitive decline.
New Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL Versus Glargine 100 Units/mL in People With Type 2 Diabetes Using Oral Agents and Basal Insulin: Glucose Control and Hypoglycemia in a 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial (EDITION 2)
Authors: Yki-Järvinen Hannele , Bergenstal Richard , Ziemen Monika , Wardecki Marek , Muehlen-Bartmer Isabel , Boelle Emmanuelle , Riddle Matthew C. 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and safety of new insulin glargine 300 units/mL (Gla-300) with glargine 100 units/mL (Gla-100) in people with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin (≥42 units/day) plus oral antihyperglycemic drugs (OADs).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
EDITION 2 was a multicenter, open-label, two-arm study. Adults receiving basal insulin plus OADs were randomized to Gla-300 or Gla-100 once daily for 6 months. The primary end point was change in HbA1c. The main secondary end point was percentage of participants with one or more nocturnal confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L [≤70 mg/dL]) or severe hypoglycemic events from week 9 to month 6.

RESULTS
Randomized participants (n = 811) had a mean (SD) HbA1c of 8.24% (0.82) and BMI of 34.8 kg/m2 (6.4). Glycemic control improved similarly with both basal insulins; least squares mean (SD) reduction from baseline was −0.57% (0.09) for Gla-300 and −0.56% (0.09) for Gla-100 (mean difference −0.01% [95% CI −0.14 to 0.12]), with 10% higher dose of Gla-300. Less nocturnal confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L [≤70 mg/dL]) or severe hypoglycemia was observed with Gla-300 from week 9 to month 6 (relative risk 0.77 [95% CI 0.61–0.99]; P = 0.038) and during the first 8 weeks. Fewer nocturnal and any time (24 h) hypoglycemic events were reported during the entire 6-month period. Weight gain was lower with Gla-300 than with Gla-100 (P = 0.015). No between-treatment differences in safety parameters were identified.

CONCLUSIONS
Gla-300 was as effective as Gla-100 and associated with a lower risk of hypoglycemia during the night and at any time of the day.
Memory of a Bygone Era: Oral History in Quebec, 1979–1986
Authors: Warren Jean-Philippe , High Steven 
Published: September 2014

Abstract: This research note analyzes a Quebec-based oral history contest, “Memory of a Bygone Era,” which collected nearly a thousand recordings in the 1980s. By returning to this impressive initiative, the co-authors aim to shed light not only on the particular understanding of the emergence of oral history in Quebec, but also on the social context that gave meaning and relevance to what was being “heard.” After describing the creation and operation of the contest, the different factors that led its organizers to support an endeavour that, in its size and ambition, has never been reproduced in Quebec, are analyzed. Vulgar Marxism, counter-cultural trends, Christian ideology, and nationalism all combined to justify and support the collection of an astonishing number of oral biographies that told the story of Quebec's past from the perspective of ordinary citizens. The attempt to give the voiceless a voice was not, therefore, without ideological implications and may help to explain both the initial success of the contest and the reasons that practically no one remembers this extraordinary initiative today.
Commons, Enclosure, and Resistance in Kahnawá:ke Mohawk Territory, 1850–1900
Authors: Rueck Daniel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract: Historical communities that have held lands in common have, without exception, had strict regulations for using those lands. This was true also in Kahnawá:ke, a Mohawk community near Montreal, where community leaders articulated and enforced customary land laws until the last decades of the nineteenth century. Although a few Mohawks contested these laws in the nineteenth century, the Canadian government undermined, dismantled, and replaced customary land law in the 1870s and 1880s. This article reveals the way the Canadian Department of Indian Affairs exacerbated resource and land shortages in its attempts to undermine Kahnawá:ke leaders, gain control of the land, and ultimately to disperse the community. It describes a chaotic transition from regulated common property to a form of private property under the Indian Act and argues that this transformation was part of a global enclosure movement that continues to this day. Nevertheless, the Canadian government was unable to bring its project to completion, in large part the result of effective resistance offered by Kahnawá:ke Mohawks. The article draws attention to the extraordinary nature of this successful Indigenous resistance to the Canadian state in the late nineteenth century.
Determination of the Excimer Laser Ablation Rate in Previously Cross-linked Corneas
Authors: Richoz Olivier , Mosquera Samuel Arba , Kling Sabine , Hammer Arthur , Magnago Thomas , Bosch Martina M. , Hafezi Farhad 
Published: September 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the need for and quantify the extent of nomogram adjustments to compensate for potential changes in the amount of effective corneal stroma ablated in previously cross-linked corneas.

METHODS:

Ex vivo porcine corneas were divided into two groups (the corneal cross-linking [CXL] group, n = 30; and the control group, n = 3): these experimental corneas underwent CXL including deepithelialization, instillation of riboflavin solution for 25 minutes, and ultraviolet-A irradiation at 9 mW/cm
2
for 10 minutes. The control group was deepithelialized only. Four consecutive excimer laser ablations of 50
µ
m each were performed (AMARIS 750S; SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions, Kleinostheim Germany), and stromal bed thickness was measured with a built-in optical coherence pachymeter. To determine the potential influence of riboflavin, a third group (the riboflavin group, n = 12) underwent deepithelialization and instillation of riboflavin, but no ultraviolet-A irradiation.

RESULTS:

The mean individual ablation depth across the four ablations was significantly smaller in cross-linked corneas (−17%) when compared to untreated control corneas (
P
< .001). A consistent reduction of 12% was observed via a cumulative analysis when assessing the relative isolated effect of CXL on the ablation rate. There was no significant effect from riboflavin in the deeper ablations, except for the first ablation (68.6 ± 1.1 mm [range: 1 to 50
µ
m]). This may be due to a measurement error in pachymetric readings due to the thin film of riboflavin on the surface that resists even extensive rinsing.

CONCLUSIONS:

CXL reduces the corneal ablation depth of excimer lasers in the anterior 200
µ
m of the porcine cornea by approximately 12%. Further clinical studies are needed to validate these findings in human corneas.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2014;30(9):628–632.]
Analysis of Planned and Postoperatively Measured Flap Thickness After LASIK Using the LenSx Multifunctional Femtosecond Laser System
Authors: Juhasz Eva , Filkorn Tamas , Kranitz Kinga , Sandor Gabor Laszlo , Gyenes Andrea , Nagy Zoltan Zsolt 
Published: September 2014

PURPOSE:To evaluate LASIK corneal flaps using a multifunctional femtosecond laser suitable for cataract and corneal surgery (LenSx; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA) and to compare the planned and postoperatively measured flap thickness using an anterior segment optical coherence tomography device (AS-OCT).METHODS:Twenty patients (38 eyes) diagnosed as having myopia and myopic astigmatism were enrolled. LASIK was performed using the LenSx femtosecond laser for intracorneal flaps and the Wavelight Allegretto 400 excimer laser (Alcon Laboratories, Inc.) for intrastromal photoablation. Desired flap thickness and diameter were 140.0 ± 0.0µm and 8.5 ± 0.0 mm, respectively, whereas mean ablation depth and diameter of the excimer laser treatment were 67.9 ± 24.18µm and 6.5 ± 0.08 mm, respectively. Entered data of the LenSx femtosecond laser were used to determine desired flap thickness, whereas AS-OCT (RTVue; Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA) was used to measure flap thickness postoperatively. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test, dependent pairedttest, and Friedman test were used for comparison of dependent and repeated measures.RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference in the planned and postoperatively measured flap thickness (140.0 ± 0.0 vs 140.28 ± 8.0µm;P= .4067). Interfaces of the flaps had even surfaces according to the images and calculations on the AS-OCT device (P= .058).CONCLUSIONS:Application of this multifunctional femtosecond laser performing LASIK proved to be a safe and effective method regarding predictability of flap thickness.[J Refract Surg.2014;30(9):622–626.]
Histoires de mégalithes : enquête à Port-Blanc (Saint-Pierre-Quiberon, Morbihan)
Authors: Guyodo Jean-Noël , Blanchard Audrey 
Published: September 2014

Au nord-ouest de la presqu’île quiberonnaise, l’ensemble mégalithique de Port-Blanc (ou Porz Guen) à Saint-Pierre-Quiberon (Morbihan) occupe un rebord de falaise. À la fin du xixe siècle, Félix Gaillard le fouille méticuleusement, suite à la visite nocturne de quelques chercheurs de trésor. Au cours de cette opération archéologique, de nombreux os humains, parfois en connexion, ont été découverts ; fait relativement rare dans l’Ouest de la France. À l’occasion de la récente restauration de ce monument, des observations complémentaires et de nouveaux relevés ont pu être effectués. Cette étude architecturale (matériaux utilisés, techniques employées, etc.) offre des informations inédites. Celles-ci méritent ici d’être croisées avec les diverses données accumulées au cours des 130 années qui se sont écoulées depuis le début de la première intervention de terrain, un certain dimanche 18 février 1883…
Attendre
Authors: Bromberger Christian 
Published: September 2014

Dans cette introduction au numéro, l’auteur analyse diverses significations et codifications de l’attente dans un monde impatient où l’on se doit d’être « synchrone » avec le temps précipité des autres. Ce rapport singulier au temps s’éprouve différemment selon qu’il s’agit d’« attentes situationnelles » ou « existentielles ». Temps et espace de l’attente font l’objet de codifications variables selon les contextes sociaux et culturels.
Le temps dilaté, l’espace rétréci
Authors: Kobelinsky Carolina 
Published: September 2014

La vie de Klara Golounova et Aké Koné, demandeurs d’asile hébergés dans des centres d’accueil en France (cada), est caractérisée par une dilatation du temps et une rétraction de l’espace. Cet article explore la réalité que recouvre leur attente au quotidien. Bien entendu, il n’existe pas une seule et unique façon de faire l’expérience de l’attente et celle-ci ne constitue pas un temps homogène ni même continu. Cependant, trois séquences semblent se succéder dans l’expérience des hommes et des femmes rencontrés au cours d’un terrain conduit entre 2003 et 2008, notamment dans des centres d’accueil en région parisienne : 1. la halte qu’impose le début de l’attente et l’arrivée au foyer, 2. l’ennui qui s’installe et le temps qu’il faut remplir, 3. le contournement de l’attente.
« Dépêchez-vous d’attendre ! »
Authors: Thura Mathias 
Published: September 2014

Le temps de la conscription, révolu depuis 2001, a puissamment ancré dans les représentations du sens commun l’idée que le quotidien des soldats est fait d’attentes et d’ennui, autant de « temps morts » que les soldats cherchent à occuper tant bien que mal. La disponibilité juridique des militaires a des conséquences très concrètes sur l’organisation de leur travail et informe leur rapport au temps engagé dans l’activité de préparation au combat. L’attente fait partie du « boulot ». Elle est à la fois un levier de pouvoir et un effet induit par l’organisation du travail militaire. L’idée du présent article n’est pas de scruter le « temps de l’engagement » par rapport aux temporalités sociales structurant les biographies, mais bien le temps dans l’engagement, lorsque les troupes sont au travail. Durant leur préparation au déploiement opérationnel, se transmettent des attentes et des anticipations sur ce que sera le combat. Ce faisant, le collectif militaire s’entretient. De l’attente on passe aux attentes, et les maximes militaires sur le temps d’attente deviennent révélatrices du rapport entretenu par les soldats à la temporalité objective du combat.
TLR9 Transcriptional Regulation in Response to Double-Stranded DNA Viruses
Authors: Zannetti Claudia , Parroche Peggy , Panaye Marine , Roblot Guillaume , Gruffat Henri , Manet Evelyne , Debaud Anne Laure , Plumas Joel , Vey Nelly , Caux Christophe , Bendriss-Vermare Nathalie , Hasan Uzma Ayesha 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The stimulation of TLRs by pathogen-derived molecules leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Because uncontrolled inflammation can be life threatening, TLR regulation is important; however, few studies have identified the signaling pathways that contribute to the modulation of TLR expression. In this study, we examined the relationship between activation and the transcriptional regulation of TLR9. We demonstrate that infection of primary human epithelial cells, B cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells with dsDNA viruses induces a regulatory temporary negative-feedback loop that blocks TLR9 transcription and function. TLR9 transcriptional downregulation was dependent on TLR9 signaling and was not induced by TLR5 or other NF-κB activators, such as TNF-α. Engagement of the TLR9 receptor induced the recruitment of a suppressive complex, consisting of NF-κBp65 and HDAC3, to an NF-κB cis element on the TLR9 promoter. Knockdown of HDAC3 blocked the transient suppression in which TLR9 function was restored. These results provide a framework for understanding the complex pathways involved in transcriptional regulation of TLR9, immune induction, and inflammation against viruses.
Rotation Algebras and the Exel Trace Formula
Authors: Hua Jiajie , Lin Huaxin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe show that ifuandvare any two unitaries in a unitalC*–algebra such that ∥uv−vu∥ < 2 anduvu*v* commutes withuandv, then theC*–subalgebraAu,vgenerated by u and v is isomorphic to a quotient of some rotation algebraAθ, provided thatAu;vhas a unique tracial state. We also show that the Exel trace formula holds in any unitalC*–algebra. Let θ ∊ (−1/2, 1/2) be a real number. For any ∊ > 0; we prove that there exists ζ > 0 satisfying the following: if u and v are two unitaries in any unital simpleC*–algebra A with tracial rank zero such thatfor all tracial states τof A; then there exists a pair of unitariesandin A such that
A motivação como estratégia para cessação do tabagismo
Authors: Coutinho Lucia Soares Buss , Brun Sandra Regina Martini , Arruda Marina Patrício de 
Published: September 2014

Objetivo: conhecer os aspectos motivacionais relacionados ao abandono do hábito de fumar. Métodos: foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com nove ex-fumantes nos seus respectivos domicílios, em um bairro de Lages-SC em cujo serviço de atenção primária atua o Programa de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade. A amostra foi obtida por conveniência, obedecendo aos critérios de inclusão: indivíduos maiores de 18 anos classificados como ex-fumantes. A análise das entrevistas foi realizada por meio do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Resultados: os relatos apresentados evidenciaram a motivação como ferramenta de enfrentamento do tabagismo, ressaltando que ela não é exterior às pessoas, mas, pelo contrário, depende de vontade própria. Conclusão: o processo de abandono do tabagismo é complexo e multifatorial. Exige observação atenta do profissional de saúde e habilidade de criar um ambiente capaz de motivar as pessoas para o cuidado de sua própria saúde.
Strategies for Measuring Quality of Life among Pediatric Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Annunziato Rachel A. , Parbhakar Meera , Helcer Jacqueline , Kapoor Kathryn , Henkel Kristen , Arnon Ronen 
Published: September 2014

Objective Quality of life (QoL) has become a mainstay in the outcome assessment of pediatric solid-organ transplant recipients. Yet, how QoL is operationalized and measured varies drastically. It may be very difficult for clinicians and researchers to determine which methods of QoL assessment best meet the needs of their patients or study. The purpose of this literature review is to describe and evaluate the current status of QoL measurement in studies of pediatric solid-organ transplant recipients. Data Sources Searches of PubMed and PsycINFO from January 1985 to February 2012. Study Selection English peer-reviewed publications that described a method for measuring QoL whether it was a standardized questionnaire, qualitative approach, or another way of operationalizing the construct. Data Extraction QoL measurement strategies were extracted from 43 studies that met inclusion criteria. Data Synthesis Each article was reviewed and summarized by 2 study team members. Conclusions Many different strategies were used for measurement, and some were not consistent with established conceptualizations of QoL. Overall recommendations for best practices are offered. Detailed information about specific measures is included, and measures that seem to capture the construct well are recommended. Additionally, our review highlighted the importance of using a “battery approach,” including child and parent report as well as considering other variables, such as patient's age, when selecting a QoL measurement strategy.
A Need to Adopt New Strategies for Organ Donation in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jawdat Dunia , Shubaili Abdullah , Gattan Manal , Sutton Paul , Anazi Hanan Al , Alanzi Aishah , Hajeer Ali H. 
Published: September 2014

Background HLA matching in kidney transplantation is a major factor in long-term survival of the graft. In Saudi Arabia, most deceased donors are non-Saudi, making it difficult to achieve minimal HLA mismatches between donor and recipient. Objective To analyze HLA types of 200 deceased donors and compare them with the Saudi population's HLA types. Materials and Methods In a retrospective study analyzing HLA types of the last 398 deceased donors processed in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, HLA types of all donors were compared with HLA types from a control group of healthy Saudi persons. Results HLA types were significantly different between the deceased donor group and the Saudi population. In all deceased donors, zero mismatches was never achieved. The major differences in HLA types were in HLA-A*02, HLA-B*15, B*40, B*50, HLA-DRB1*14, DRB1*15, and DRB1*04. Conclusions As most of our deceased donors are non-Saudis, it is difficult to match for HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR. HLA matching should be attempted nationwide by adopting different strategies, including typing donors centrally and distributing results to all centers, agreeing on a national point system for allocating organs from deceased donors, and making HLA matching a priority, especially for highly sensitized patients.
Climate change reduces the capacity of northern peatlands to absorb the atmospheric carbon dioxide: The different responses of bogs and fens
Authors: Wu Jianghua , Roulet Nigel T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe carbon (C) storage of northern peatlands is equivalent to ~34–46% of the ~795 T g C currently held in the atmosphere as CO2. Most studies report that northern peatlands are a sink of between 20 and 60 g CO2–C m−2 yr−1. Since peatland hydrology and biogeochemistry are very closely related to climate, there is concern whether northern peatlands will continue to function as C sinks with climate change. We used a coupled land surface scheme and peatland C model, called CLASS3W‐MWM, to examine the sensitivity of peatland C to climate change. Based on the data available to constrain our model, we simulated the C dynamics of the Mer Bleue (MB) bog in eastern Canada and the Degerö Stormyr (DS) poor fen in northern Sweden for four Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate change scenarios, i.e., A1B, A2, B1, and Commit, over four time periods, i.e., present day, 2030, 2060, and 2100. When the simulated future C fluxes were compared to the baseline fluxes under the present climate conditions, we found that fens were much more sensitive to climate change than bogs. Gross primary production (GPP) at MB significantly increased by 4–44% up to 2100 for all scenarios except Commit. GPP at DS significantly decreased by 34–39% for A1B and A2, and slightly increased by 6–10% for B1 and Commit. Total ecosystem respiration (TER) significantly increased by 7–57% for MB and 4–34% for DS up to 2100 for all scenarios except Commit. Net ecosystem production (NEP), therefore, significantly decreased. The bog, however, was still a C sink up to 2100, though much reduced, but the fen switched to a C source for A1B and A2 scenarios. Additional experiments where we climatically transplanted the study peatlands or forced vegetation changes when the fen became too dry showed similar but less dramatic results as the standard runs. Our results indicate that northern peatlands should be included in the C‐coupled climate model to fully understand the response of C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems to climate change and to reduce the uncertainties for projecting the future climate.