bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary therapy of murine primary biliary cholangitis induces hepatocellular steatosis: A cautionary tale
Authors: Zhang Weici , Al Tekreeti Taha , Leung Patrick S. C. , Tsuneyama Koichi , Dhillon Harleen , Rojas Manuel , Heuer Luke S. , Ridgway William M. , Ansari Aftab A. , Young Howard A. , Mackay Charles R. , Gershwin M. Eric 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThere is increased interest in utilizing dietary interventions to alter the progression of autoimmune diseases. These efforts are driven by associations of gut microbiota/metabolites with levels of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Propionate is a key SCFA that is commonly used as a food preservative and is endogenously generated by bacterial fermentation of non‐digestible carbohydrates in the gut. A thesis has suggested that a diet rich in propionate and other SCFAs can successfully modulate autoimmunity. Herein, we investigated the effect of long‐term administration of propionylated high‐amylose resistant starches (HAMSP) on the course of murine primary biliary cholangitis.Materials and MethodsGroups of female ARE‐Del mice were fed an HAMSP diet either before or after disease onset. A detailed immunobiological analysis was performed involving autoantibodies and rigorous T‐cell phenotyping, including enumeration of T‐cell subsets in the spleen, liver, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria by flow cytometry. Histopathological scores were used to assess the frequency and severity of liver inflammation and damage to hepatocytes and bile ducts.ResultsOur results demonstrate that a long‐term propionate‐yielding diet re‐populated the T‐cell pool with decreased naïve and central memory T‐cell subsets and an increase in the effector memory T cells in mice. Similarly, long‐term HAMSP intake reduced CD4+CD8+ double‐positive T cells in intraepithelial lymphocytes and the intestinal lamina propria. Critically, HAMSP consumption led to moderate‐to‐severe hepatocellular steatosis in ARE‐Del mice, independent of the stage of autoimmune cholangitis.ConclusionsOur data suggest that administration of HAMSP induces both regulatory and effector T cells. Furthermore, HAMSP administration resulted in hepatocellular steatosis. Given the interest in dietary modulation of autoimmunity and because propionate is widely used as a food preservative, these data have significant implications. This study also provides new insights into the immunological and pathological effects of chronic propionate exposure.
Emotions and emotion regulation in L2 classroom speaking tasks: A mixed‐methods study combining the idiodynamic and quantitative perspectives
Authors: Bielak Jakub , Mystkowska‐Wiertelak Anna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study used idiodynamic methodology to investigate the dynamics of second language (L2) learners’ foreign language anxiety (FLA) and foreign language enjoyment (FLE), and the details of emotion regulation (ER) directed at managing these emotions, in pair‐ and group‐work speaking tasks performed by 10 advanced English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language (EFL) learners. L2 classroom tasks were video recorded and then while viewing them, participants registered their emotion ratings per second. In stimulated‐recall interviews, they revealed the causes of emotional intensity fluctuations and ER strategies used to manage the emotions. Additionally, the adapted Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from a larger same‐population sample (N = 103). The major high ecological validity results concerned (a) the highly individual patterns of emotional intensity fluctuations, with FLA fluctuating more than FLE, (b) the common triggers and mitigators of FLA and FLE—including specific errors, performance deficits, and message‐conceptualization problems—and FLE triggers and mitigators related to its social aspect, (c) the varying degrees of the relationship between FLE and FLA, which depends on communication dynamics, and (d) a range of ER strategies, including their chains (sequences) and clusters (co‐occurrence), with a special focus on the most common category—namely, cognitive ER, some types of which emerged as automatic ER processes.
A systematic cognitive behavioral therapy approach for pediatric disorders of gut‐brain interaction
Authors: Chancey Leigh P. , Winnick Joel B. , Buzenski Jessica , Winberry Gabriel , Stiles Anquonette , Zahka Nicole E. , Williams Sara E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for youth with Disorders of Gut‐Brain Interaction (DGBIs) is effective; however, there are calls in the field to strengthen the evidence base and identify specific mechanisms of treatment that yield the most benefit for this patient population. A unique, systematic treatment approach of CBT with initial evidence for success for pediatric patients with DGBIs was evaluated to further demonstrate its clinical utility in this population.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 42 pediatric patients aged 11–17 years with DGBIs, who were diagnosed and referred for CBT by pediatric gastroenterology providers. Providers also completed a survey rating acceptability and effectiveness of CBT. The systematic CBT approach included 10 sessions delivered by a psychologist at an integrated Pediatric GI Clinic.ResultsReview of 42 pediatric charts showed significant decreases in self‐reported functional disability, abdominal pain, as well as depression and anxiety symptoms pre‐ to post‐CBT completion. A moderation effect was observed where patients reporting higher levels of depressive symptoms and primary symptom of abdominal pain reported smaller reductions in functional impairment compared to those with lower levels of depression and primary symptom of nausea or vomiting. Pediatric Gastroenterology providers were satisfied with this psychological treatment approach.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for acceptability and effectiveness of implementation of a systematic CBT approach for pediatric DGBIs in an integrated GI clinic, as well as areas worthy of future research, including identifying the most important mechanisms of treatment and factors that influence treatment response.
Life at the conservative end of the leaf economics spectrum: intergeneric variation in the allocation of phosphorus to biochemical fractions in species of Banksia (Proteaceae) and Hakea (Proteaceae)
Authors: Gille Clément E. , Hayes Patrick E. , Ranathunge Kosala , Liu Shu Tong , Newman Robert P. G. , de Tombeur Félix , Lambers Hans , Finnegan Patrick M. 
Published: August 2024

Summary

In severely phosphorus (P)‐impoverished environments, plants have evolved to use P very efficiently. Yet, it is unclear how P allocation in leaves contributes to their photosynthetic P‐use efficiency (PPUE) and position along the leaf economics spectrum (LES). We address this question in 10 species of Banksia and Hakea, two highly P‐efficient Proteaceae genera.

We characterised traits in leaves of Banksia and Hakea associated with the LES: leaf mass per area, light‐saturated photosynthetic rates, P and nitrogen concentrations, and PPUE. We also determined leaf P partitioning to five biochemical fractions (lipid, nucleic acid, metabolite, inorganic and residual P) and their possible association with the LES.

For both genera, PPUE was negatively correlated with fractional allocation of P to lipids, but positively correlated with that to metabolites. For Banksia only, PPUE was negatively correlated with residual P, highlighting a strategy contrasting to that of Hakea. Phosphorus‐allocation patterns significantly explained PPUE but were not linked to the resource acquisition vs resource conservation gradient defined by the LES.

We conclude that distinct P‐allocation patterns enable species from different genera to achieve high PPUE and discuss the implications of different P investments. We surmise that different LES axes representing different ecological strategies coexist in extremely P‐impoverished environments.
Aspergillus‐sensitized asthma in children
Authors: Celik Enes , Kocacik Uygun Dilara , Kaya Mehmet Akif , Gungoren Merve Sibel , Keven Ayse , Bingol Aysen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in childhood. Aspergillus fumigatus sensitivity may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma by leading to different clinical presentations.ObjectiveTo investigate the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of A. fumigatus sensitivity in childhood asthma and identify associated risk factors and diagnostic parameters.MethodsA total of 259 children with asthma were included in the study, 7 (2.7%) with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), 84 (32.4%) with A. fumigatus‐sensitized asthma (Af‐SA), and 168 (64.9%) with A. fumigatus‐unsensitized asthma (Af‐UA).ResultsAspergillus sensitivity was associated with early asthma onset and longer asthma duration. Total IgE level and asthma severity are highest in ABPA and higher in Af‐SA. Absolute eosinophil count was higher, and FEV1 was lower in Af‐SA and ABPA. Aspergillus fumigatus was associated with greater odds of being male (odds ratio [OR], 2.45), having atopic dermatitis (OR, 3.159), Alternaria sensitivity (OR, 10.37), and longer asthma duration (OR, 1.266). The best cut‐off values for detecting A. fumigatus positivity were 363.5 IU/mL for total IgE and 455 cells/μL for absolute eosinophil count. In Af‐SA compared to Af‐UA, centrilobular nodules and peribronchial thickening were more common, and the bronchoarterial ratio was higher.ConclusionsAspergillus sensitivity is a strong allergic stimulus in asthma, leading to laboratory, structural, clinical, and functional consequences. Af‐SA is a distinct asthma endotype independent of ABPA that is characterized by increased risk of severe clinical presentations and impaired lung function.
Linear eczema induced by oral isotretinoin
Authors: Loizate Irene , Torrelo Antonio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEczema can manifest in a linear arrangement, as can other inflammatory conditions. We report a case of a teenager who, during treatment with oral isotretinoin for acne, developed a generalized eczematous dermatitis together with a superimposed linear eczema on her posterior lower limb. We hypothesize that a postzygotic mutation caused an increased sensitivity to the impact of oral isotretinoin on the epidermal skin barrier structure and lipid composition within a specific skin segment.
Development of a prediction model for frailty among older Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes residing in the community
Authors: Du Jin , Zhang Di , Chen Yurong , Zhang Weihong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMethodsThe study employed a retrospective survey of 458 older individuals with T2D residing in a Chinese community, conducted between June 2020 and May 2021, to develop a predictive model for frailty. Among the participants, 83 individuals (18.1%) were diagnosed with frailty using modified frailty phenotypic criteria. The predictors of frailty in this community‐dwelling older population with T2D were determined using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariable logistic regression. These predictors were utilized to construct a nomogram. The discrimination, calibration, and medical usefulness of the prediction model were assessed through the C‐index, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively. Additionally, internal validation of the prediction model was conducted using bootstrapping validation.ResultsThe developed nomogram for frailty prediction predominantly incorporated age, smoking status, regular exercise, depression, albumin (ALB) levels, sleep condition, HbA1c, and polypharmacy as significant predictors. Our prediction model demonstrated excellent discrimination and calibration, as evidenced by a C‐index of 0.768 (95% CI, 0.714–0.822) and strong calibration. Internal validation yielded a C‐index of 0.732, further confirming the reliability of the model. DCA indicated the utility of the nomogram in identifying frailty among the studied population.ConclusionThe development of a predictive model enables a valuable estimation of frailty among community‐dwelling older individuals with type 2 diabetes. This evidence‐based tool provides crucial guidance to community healthcare professionals in implementing timely preventive measures to mitigate the occurrence of frailty in high‐risk patients. By identifying established predictors of frailty, interventions and resources can be appropriately targeted, promoting better overall health outcomes and improved quality of life in this vulnerable population.
Palmoplantar psoriasis: A clinicopathological correlation in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Das Gautam , Mathur Mahesh , Shrestha Ayasha , Jaiswal Sunil , Maharjan Sailuja 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPalmoplantar psoriasis is a clinical variant of psoriasis characterized by well‐defined erythematous desquamating plaques on palms and soles, which may or may not include pustules. Hyperkeratotic lesions of palm and sole commonly include Psoriasis, Eczema and Tinea. These conditions often present with overlapping clinical and histopathological features requiring clinicohistopathological correlation for a conclusive diagnosis. The presence of munro's microabscess or spongiform pustule of kogoj differentiates psoriasis of palm and sole from other hyperkeratotic lesions of palm and sole. The objective of this study was to study the clinical and histopathological profile of palmoplantar psoriasis and correlate clinical diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis.MethodA hospital‐based, descriptive study was conducted from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Fifty‐two patients were clinically diagnosed as palmoplantar psoriasis with or without involving other parts of body and routine histopathological evaluation was carried out as per standard protocols.ResultClinically diagnosed 52 cases of palmoplantar psoriasis showed varied histopathology with hyperkeratosis (100%), parakeratosis (100%), regular acanthosis (75%), Supra‐papillary thinning (44.2%), spongiosis (65.4%), tortuous vessels in the papillary dermis (78.8%) and mixed inflammatory infiltrates (predominantly lymphocytic‐100%), which were observed to be prominent findings in skin biopsies of our patients. Clinicopathological correlation was achieved in 88.5% of cases.ConclusionThis study shows clinically diagnosed palmoplantar psoriasis with histopathological features consistent with palmoplantar psoriasis in 88.5% cases. Thus, clinically inconclusive hyperkeratotic lesions with palmoplantar psoriasis can be diagnosed with histopathological correlation improving the therapeutic intervention.
From co‐teaching to co‐mentoring: Transforming special education and mathematics instructional partnerships through shared content‐focused professional development
Authors: LaValley Bethany , James Julie , Steimle Alice 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCo‐teaching is described as the pairing of a general education teacher and a special education teacher in the general education classroom for the shared instruction of students with and without disabilities. Many teachers struggle to form unified partnerships, especially in mathematics classrooms. The MathMATES project was developed to address a need for joint special education and mathematics professional development aimed to support teachers in merging their individual strengths and expertise through shared content development and relationship‐building exercises. Over the course of the year‐long academy, teachers developed strong knowledge‐sharing partnerships that resembled co‐mentoring partnerships. We compare their progression with research on co‐mentoring to suggest a framework for developing more unified mathematics co‐teaching teams.
Religious freedom and welfare in Africa
Authors: Wirajing Muhamadu Awal Kindzeka , Wung Alang Ernest , Nchofoung Tii N. , Kountchou Armand Mboutchouang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveRegions with multi‐ethnicity like Africa benefit from religiosity and freedom for improved mental and physical well‐being. Although religious freedom in its original sense advocates for peace, there are questions about whether it results in making healthy decisions that are beneficial to one's well‐being. This argument is made in light of the crimes carried out globally in the name of religious freedom, even though it is considered to be wrongly expressed if the expression does not improve well‐being. As a symbol of democracy, religious freedom is expected to boost sentiments of personal authenticity and belonging, and enhance support networks. This study explores the impact of freedom of religion on basic welfare in 49 African countries from 2000 to 2020.MethodologyTo control for potential endogeneity, the authors adopted the smoothed instrumental‐variables quantile regression strategy. The outcome variable of basic welfare is measured using an index that includes life expectancy, literacy rate, and calorie supply while religious freedom is proxied on a 4‐point scale that indicates the extent to which individuals could freely express their religious beliefs.ResultsThe findings reveal a statistically significant positive impact of freedom of religion on basic welfare in Africa. It manifests itself in protecting the rights of individuals, especially the most vulnerable, and promotes social belonging and cohesion. In addition, the results reveal that freedom of religion enhances basic welfare in both former British and French African colonies when the differences in the legal systems are considered.ConclusionsThe study's findings support the religious freedom‐welfare enhancing relationship and are consistent after considering life expectancy and literacy rate as indicators of basic welfare. Policymakers are encouraged to promote democracy and healthy religious behaviors that enhance basic well‐being.
Motivation and personality: A comparative study of social media use and misinformation in the United States and China
Authors: Huang Minxuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveScholarship has now recognized the potentially detrimental effects of social media on political knowledge, but the question as to whether political knowledge and susceptibility to misinformation are related remains open. Furthermore, there are not many cross‐national comparison studies. This study compares the general and differential factors of the mechanisms of misinformation formation in social media between China and the United States from the perspectives of media factors and psychological factors.MethodsUsing the 2020 Netizen Social Awareness Survey, we analyze the relationships between social media, personality traits, cognitive closure, and misinformation in China and the United States.ResultsThe study shows that social media such as Microblog and Twitter do not mislead news consumers. Personality traits and motivational factors have a significant impact on people's misinformation. Authoritarian personality is a general psychological factor affecting public misinformation. Moreover, under different media systems in China and the United States, the impact of social media on misinformation varies with the degree of cognitive closure.ConclusionIt is evident that in the era of social media, cultivating rational and knowledgeable democratic citizens cannot focus solely on the role of the media. It must also consider the cultural and psychological characteristics of the national population.
Experimental Investigation on Spray Cooling Heat Transfer Properties of Ethylene Glycol−Water-Based Nanofluids
Authors: Zhou Nianyong , Tang Guanghua , Liu Yudi , Liu Yang , Bao Qingguo , Zou Youxin , Lv Wenyu , Zhao Yingjie , Li Jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Spray cooling is a practical solution for high heat flux heat dissipation problems. The spray cooling experiment was conducted with 50 wt% ethylene glycol aqueous solution as the base liquid in this paper. The effects of the concentrations of copper nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, and surfactant Tween-20 on the heat transfer characteristics during spray cooling were investigated. The results showed that adding nanoparticles within a certain concentration range could enhance the effectiveness of spray cooling's heat transmission. Under the same conditions, adding copper nanoparticles has the best effect, followed by copper oxide nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles have a relatively poor effect. Among them, the heat transfer coefficient and heat flux of the nanofluid could be raised by 10.58% and 11.34% in comparison to the base liquid when the concentration of copper nanoparticles was 0.01 wt%. As the concentration of nanoparticles rises higher, spray cooling's ability to transfer heat is hampered. Adding the surfactant Tween-20 could effectively improve the copper−water−ethylene glycol nanofluid's capacity for heat transmission. When the concentration is 3 ppm, the heat transfer coefficient and heat flux of the nanofluid with Tween-20 were increased by 9.81% and 10.38% compared to the copper−water−ethylene glycol nanofluid.
Identifying evidence-practice gaps for shoulder injury risk factors in competitive swimmers: uniting literature and expert opinion
Authors: McKenzie Alec Kenneth , Hams Andrea , Headrick Jonathon , Donaldson Alex , Dann Rick , Coyne Joseph , Duhig Steven John 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo identify evidence-practice gaps regarding shoulder injury risk factors in competitive swimmers.MethodsWe gathered insights from 27 swimming experts including elite swimmers, coaches, high-performance staff and applied researchers using Concept Mapping. Participants brainstormed, sorted and rated (from 1 (least) to 10 (most) important and modifiable) their ideas of shoulder injury risk factors in competitive swimmers. Proposed risk factors rated above the grand mean for importance (6.2±0.4) or modifiability (6.5±0.5) ratings were considered highly important/modifiable. Expert opinions were then juxtaposed with systematic review findings to identify overlaps or convergences.ResultsBrainstorming generated 126 proposed shoulder injury risk factors for competitive swimmers, subsequently refined to 61 unique proposed risk factors by removing duplicates and combining similar responses. The participants sorted the 61 risk factors into seven distinct clusters. Experts perceived 36/61 proposed risk factors as highly important, of which 6 were supported by literature, 6 showed no association with injury, 2 had conflicting evidence and the remaining 22 have not yet been investigated, suggesting an evidence-practice gap. Three proposed risk factors ‘inconsistent training load’, ‘poor stroke technique’ and ‘low posterior shoulder strength-endurance’ exhibited high perceived importance, high perceived modifiability and supporting evidence.ConclusionAn evidence-practice gap was identified for 28 proposed risk factors perceived as highly important by swimming experts despite either (1) no relevant empirical research (n=22), or (2) no association with injury (n=6) from synthesised evidence. Greater collaboration between researchers and practitioners is needed to effectively address shoulder injury risk factors in competitive swimmers.