bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The RhoA pathway mediates MMP‐2 and MMP‐9‐independent invasive behavior in a triple‐negative breast cancer cell line
Authors: Fagan‐Solis Katerina D. , Schneider Sallie Smith , Pentecost Brian T. , Bentley Brook A. , Otis Christopher N. , Gierthy John F. , Arcaro Kathleen F. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBreast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that varies in its biology and response to therapy. A foremost threat to patients is tumor invasion and metastasis, with the greatest risk among patients diagnosed with triple‐negative and/or basal‐like breast cancers. A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer cell spreading is needed as 90% of cancer‐associated deaths result from metastasis. We previously demonstrated that the Tamoxifen‐selected, MCF‐7 derivative, TMX2‐28, lacks expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and is highly invasive, yet maintains an epithelial morphology. The present study was designed to further characterize TMX2‐28 cells and elucidate their invasion mechanism. We found that TMX2‐28 cells do not express human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and progesterone receptor (PR), in addition to lacking ERα, making the cells triple‐negative. We then determined that TMX2‐28 cells lack expression of active matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and other genes involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) suggesting that TMX2‐28 may not utilize mesenchymal invasion. In contrast, TMX2‐28 cells have high expression of Ras Homolog Gene Family Member, A (RhoA), a protein known to play a critical role in amoeboid invasion. Blocking RhoA activity with the RhoA pathway specific inhibitor H‐1152, or a RhoA specific siRNA, resulted in inhibition of invasive behavior. Collectively, these results suggest that TMX2‐28 breast cancer cells exploit a RhoA‐dependent, proteolytic‐independent invasion mechanism. Targeting the RhoA pathway in triple‐negative, basal‐like breast cancers that have a proteolytic‐independent invasion mechanism may provide therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with increased risk of metastasis. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1385–1394, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly Efficient Proline Ester‐based Nickel Catalysts for Michael Addition of Thiophenols to α,β‐Enones
Authors: Lee Way‐Zen , Chiang Chien‐Wei , Kulkarni Girish M. , Kuo Ting‐Shen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTwo N3O2 pentadentate ligands, BMPP and BPPP, were prepared for synthesizing highly efficient nickel catalysts, [Ni(BMPP)(CH3CN)](ClO4)2 (1) and [Ni(BPPP)(CH3CN)](BPh4)(ClO4) (2), for thia‐Michael addition of thiophenols to α,β‐enones. X‐ray structures of 1 and 2 revealed that a labile CH3CN molecule was bound to the nickel center of the catalysts. ESI‐MS spectroscopy indicated that thiolate replaced the bound CH3CN molecule and coordinated to the nickel center during the catalytic cycle.
IGF‐1 induces IP3‐dependent calcium signal involved in the regulation of myostatin gene expression mediated by NFAT during myoblast differentiation
Authors: Valdés Juan A. , Flores Sylvia , Fuentes Eduardo N. , Osorio‐Fuentealba Cesar , Jaimovich Enrique , Molina Alfredo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSkeletal muscle differentiation is a complex and highly regulated process characterized by cell cycle arrest, which is associated with morphological changes including myoblast alignment, elongation, and fusion into multinucleated myotubes. This is a balanced process dynamically coordinated by positive and negative signals such as the insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐1) and myostatin (MSTN), respectively. In this study, we report that the stimulation of skeletal myoblasts during differentiation with IGF‐1 induces a rapid and transient calcium increase from intracellular stores, which are principally mediated through the phospholipase C gamma (PLC γ)/inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate (IP3)‐dependent signaling pathways. This response was completely blocked when myoblasts were incubated with LY294002 or transfected with the dominant‐negative p110 gamma, suggesting a fundamental role of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) in PLCγ activation. Additionally, we show that calcium released via IP3 and induced by IGF‐1 stimulates NFAT‐dependent gene transcription and nuclear translocation of the GFP‐labeled NFATc3 isoform. This activation was independent of extracellular calcium influx and calcium release mediated by ryanodine receptor (RyR). Finally, we examined mstn mRNA levels and mstn promoter activity in myoblasts stimulated with IGF‐1. We found a significant increase in mRNA contents and in reporter activity, which was inhibited by cyclosporin A, 11R‐VIVIT, and by inhibitors of the PI3Kγ, PLCγ, and IP3 receptor. Our results strongly suggest that IGF‐1 regulates myostatin transcription through the activation of the NFAT transcription factor in an IP3/calcium‐dependent manner. This is the first study to demonstrate a role of calcium‐dependent signaling pathways in the mRNA expression of myostatin. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1452–1463, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EMT markers in lung adenocarcinoma pleural effusion spheroid cells
Authors: Giarnieri Enrico , De Vitis Claudia , Noto Alessia , Roscilli Giuseppe , Salerno Gerardo , Mariotta Salvatore , Ricci Alberto , Bruno Pierdonato , Russo Giuseppe , Laurenzi Andrea , Giovagnoli Maria Rosaria , Ciliberto Gennaro , Mancini Rita 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEpithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which cells undergo a developmental switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. This process has been related to embryologic morphogenesis but also to cancer progression and metastasis. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of EMT‐related markers in adherent and spheroid cell cultures derived from malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) of patients affected by lung adenocarcinoma. On the basis of efficient in vitro propagation, six cases of MPEs were selected and analyzed by immunocytochemistry staining for EMT markers and by RT‐PCR for transcription factors known to orchestrate EMT. EMT markers immunostaining showed in spheroids a statistically significant correlation between the loss of E‐cadherin immunoreactivity and overexpression of N‐cadherin (P < 0.001). Likewise loss of EpCAM epithelial marker was coincident with Vimentin overexpression (P < 0.001). RT‐PCR analysis of transcription factors Snail, Slug, and Twist showed a highly variable expression, although a general trend to increase was observed. Importantly, in some selected cases it was possible to establish a precise relationship between spheroid formation, EMT switch and increased upregulation of the marker related to cancer stemness such as ALDH positivity. Therefore, MPE‐derived cell cultures, while recapitulating the heterogeneity of lung cancer, are a suitable system to study the mechanisms at the basis of EMT and to understand its relationship with the generation of cancer stem cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1720–1726, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conditional inactivation of the mouse Wwox tumor suppressor gene recapitulates the null phenotype
Authors: Abdeen Suhaib K. , Del Mare Sara , Hussain Sadeeq , Abu‐Remaileh Muhannad , Salah Zaidoun , Hagan John , Rawahneh Maysoon , Pu Xin‐an , Russell Stacey , Stein Janet L. , Stein Gary S. , Lian Jane B. , Aqeilan Rami I. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWW domain‐containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is highly conserved in both human and murine. WWOX spans the second most common human chromosomal fragile site, FRA16D, and is commonly inactivated in multiple human cancers. Modeling WWOX inactivation in mice revealed a complex phenotype including postnatal lethality, defects in bone metabolism and steroidogenesis and tumor suppressor function resulting in osteosarcomas. For better understanding of WWOX roles in different tissues at distinct stages of development and in pathological conditions, Wwox conditional knockout mice were generated in which loxp sites flank exon 1 in the Wwox allele. We demonstrated that Cre‐mediated recombination using EIIA‐Cre, a Cre line expressed in germline, results in postnatal lethality by age of 3 weeks and decreased bone mineralization resembling total ablation of WWOX as in conventional null mice. This animal model will be useful to study distinct roles of WWOX in multiple tissues at different ages. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1377–1382, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical use of brain volumetry
Authors: Giorgio Antonio , De Stefano Nicola 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based brain volumetry is increasingly being used in the clinical setting to assess brain volume changes from structural MR images in a range of neurologic conditions. Measures of brain volumes have been shown to be valid biomarkers of the clinical state and progression by offering high reliability and robust inferences on the underlying disease‐related mechanisms. This review critically examines the different scenarios of the application of MRI‐based brain volumetry in neurology: 1) supporting disease diagnosis, 2) understanding mechanisms and tracking clinical progression of disease, and 3) monitoring treatment effect. These aspects will be discussed in a wide range of neurologic conditions, with particular emphasis on Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1–14. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Middle Devensian woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) from Whitemoor Haye Quarry, Staffordshire (UK): palaeoenvironmental context and significance
Authors: Schreve Danielle , Howard Andy , Currant Andrew , Brooks Stephen , Buteux Simon , Coope Russell , Crocker Barnaby , Field Michael , Greenwood Malcolm , Greig James , Toms Phillip 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper reports the discovery of a rare partial skeleton of a woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis Blumenbach, 1799) and associated fauna from a low Pleistocene terrace of the River Tame at Whitemoor Haye, Staffordshire, UK. A study of the sedimentary deposits around the rhino skeleton and associated organic‐rich clasts containing pollen, plant and arthropod remains suggests that the animal was rapidly buried on a braided river floodplain surrounded by a predominantly treeless, herb‐rich grassland. Highlights of the study include the oldest British chironomid record published to date and novel analysis of the palaeoflow regime using caddisfly remains. For the first time, comparative calculations of coleopteran and chironomid palaeotemperatures have been made on the same samples, suggesting a mean July temperature of 8–11 °C and a mean December temperature of between −22 and −16 °C. Radiocarbon age estimates on skeletal material, supported by optically stimulated luminescence ages from surrounding sediments, indicate that the rhino lived around 41–43 k cal a BP. The combined geochronological, stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental evidence places the assemblage firmly within the Middle Devensian (Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3). This would agree with other regional evidence for the timing of aggradation for the lowest terrace of the Trent and its tributary systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The snail Theba pisana as an indicator of soil contamination by trace elements: potential exposure for animals and humans
Authors: Madejón Paula , Arrébola José , Madejón Engracia , Burgos Pilar , López‐Garrido Rosa , Cárcaba Angel , Cabrera Francisco , Murillo José M 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe ability of snails to accumulate trace elements is well known. We analysed the snail Theba pisana as an indicator of soil contamination by trace elements after a mine spill accident, to assess the exposure of animal and human consumption. Snails were collected in autumn and spring, when they are most active.ResultsIn general, trace elements in the soft tissues reached greater concentrations in the contaminated soils than in the non‐contaminated soils, although significant differences were only found for As, Cd, Cu Fe and Hg. Cadmium content in tissues, with a maximum value of 10 mg kg−1 (dry matter), was the most worrying result. Trace element concentrations in the snail bodies were still of concern for human consumption; As and Cd concentrations were sometimes higher than the maximum concentration authorised in foodstuffs. Generally, nutritional status of the contaminated snails was not altered; concentrations of the main nutrients (Ca, K, Mg, P and S) were similar to those of the non‐contaminated snails.ConclusionsResults reveal a potential risk for animal and human consumption of T. pisana. It seems thus advisable to avoid collecting this species for human consumption in the affected area. Periodic monitoring is recommended to assess the evolution of potential risk for animal consumption. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Mobility of Green Fluorescent Protein in Hydrogel‐Based Drug‐Delivery Systems Studied by Anisotropy and Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching
Authors: Bertz Andreas , Ehlers Jan‐Eric , Wöhl‐Bruhn Stefanie , Bunjes Heike , Gericke Karl‐Heinz , Menzel Henning 
Published: December 2012

AbstractModified hydroxyethyl starch is photo‐crosslinked in the presence of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) (mTagGFP) to obtain loaded hydrogels as model for a drug‐delivery system. An important factor for the protein release is the crosslinking density since a dense network should lead to hindered diffusion. To obtain information on the rotational and translational diffusion of GFP in the hydrogel, mTagGFP is analyzed by fluorescence anisotropy and fluorescence recovery after photo‐bleaching experiments using two‐photon excitation. The mTagGFP shows a viscosity‐retarded rotational and strongly hindered translational diffusion, depending on the polymer concentration. A comparison of anisotropy studies with mTagGFP‐loaded microparticles and hydrogel disks allows the polymer concentration to be determined for the microparticles, which has been previously unknown. magnified image
Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on a Poly(VDF‐TrFE) Nanofiber Web
Authors: Ren Guangyi , Cai Fanyi , Li Baozhang , Zheng Jianming , Xu Chunye 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDuring electrospinning, P(VDF‐TrFE), an electroactive polymer, acquires special electrical and mechanical properties. The development of a flexible, breathable pressure sensor based on P(VDF‐TrFE) nanofiber webs is reported that shows promise for use in human‐centered applications. The P(VDF‐TrFE) nanofiber webs are produced by electrospinning. The morphology and microstructure of webs are characterized using SEM, XRD, and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. Flexible pressure sensors are developed that are suitable for incorporation into fabrics and, using a custom‐made setup, is is demonstrated that they have a maximum sensitivity of 60.5 mV · N−1. magnified image
The Effect of Phase Morphology on the Thermal Stability of Epoxy/Poly(L‐lactide) Blends Before and After Curing
Authors: Calafel M. I. , Remiro P. M. , Cortázar M. M. , Calahorra M. E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: Diglicidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) was blended with poly(L‐lactic) acid (PLLA) and cured with diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The uncured blends were miscible but became immiscible upon curing. The relationship between phase morphology and thermal stability was investigated. It was found that the thermal degradation of uncured DGEBA, PLLA and their blends occurred mainly through one step. PLLA and uncured DGEBA were mutually destabilized. This is probably due to chemical effects, such as some sort of interaction between the products of degradation of DGEBA and PLLA in the miscible blend. On the other hand, the biphasic cured DGEBA/PLLA blends displayed two degradation stages associated to decomposition of two phases, one rich in PLLA and the other in DGEBA. The temperature at which weight loss begins in the blend is intermediate to the temperature of the neat components. This was attributable to physical effects.
Effects of Bioactive Glass Particles on the Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of Poly(ε‐caprolactone)
Authors: Diamanti E. , Sarasua J. R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: Poly(ε‐caprolactone)/Bioactive glass (BG) composites were prepared to study the effects of bioactive glass on mechanical and thermal behavior of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL). Composites were fabricated using a solvent casting/sonication technique. Composite characterization was conducted by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests. Interphase adhesion between filler and matrix, a prerequisite for good mechanical properties, was evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The obtained results showed that BG leaded to an acceleration of the composite thermal degradation accompanied by a general enhancement of the mechanical properties.
Bimodal Poly(propylene) through Binary Metallocene Catalytic Systems as an Alternative to Melt Blending
Authors: Moya E. López , Van Grieken R. , Carrero A. , Paredes B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: Propylene was polymerized by three homogenous metallocene catalytic systems: rac‐Me2Si (Ind)2ZrCl2 (CAT‐1), rac‐Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 (CAT‐2) and rac‐Me2Si(2‐Me‐benzoind)2ZrCl22ZrCl2 (CAT‐3) at 50 °C. In function of the molecular‐average weight results of poly(propylene)s obtained, rac‐Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 (CAT‐2) and rac‐Me2Si(2‐Me‐benzoind)2ZrCl2 (CAT‐3) were combined in different proportions (wt %/wt %) of (CAT‐2/CAT‐3) for obtaining a new poly(propylene) with a bimodal molecular weight distribution consisting in clearly separated low and high molecular weight polymer fractions with a difference between them of an order of magnitude. The polymers obtained were compared with those coming from melt mixing of two poly(propylene)s with different molecular weights in an extruder. Both methods allow obtaining bimodal poly(propylene)s, but polymer melt blending shows partial miscibility effects and less crystallinity while binary catalytic systems have several advantages such as lower costs and easier to process that can be controlled to tailor properties together with intimate mixing of high and low molecular weight components.
Physical Aging in Poly(L‐lactide) and its Multi‐Wall Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites
Authors: Lizundia E. , Sarasua J. R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: In this work the effects of the structure evolution of neat PLLA and its multi‐wall carbon nanotube nanocomposites at an aging temperature of 45 °C (Tg‐12 °C) have been investigated. The analysis of enthalpy relaxation rate (βH) of composites by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals the existence of a critical concentration of 1.25–2.5 wt. % in which aging rate reaches a mi–imum value of 1.351 J/g. Mechanical tests showed that neat polymer is much more sensitive to the aging process than the reinforced one. As shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) all the samples present randomly dispersed nanotubes, yielding an agglomerated structure at MWCNT contents exceeding 1.25–2.5 wt.%. The obtained results are explained from the viewpoint of polymer/filler interfacial effects that perturb the structural relaxation of glassy polymer due to the drastic reduction on the molecular mobility of polymer chains in the vicinity of carbon nanotube surfaces. In this way, nanocomposite approach represents an efficient strategy to successfully reduce the physical aging process of polymers.
Unimolecular Nanoparticles via Carbon‐Carbon “Click” Chemistry for All‐Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Khanjani P. , Perez‐Baena I. , Buruaga L. , Pomposo J. A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: We report for the first time the synthesis of unimolecular polystyrene‐based nanoparticles (PS‐NPs) under normal air atmosphere by direct carbon‐carbon “click” chemistry (i.e., “self‐click” chemistry). First, statistical poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylbenzyl chloride) copolymers synthesized by RAFT polymerization were decorated in a facile manner with alkyne groups by reaction with potassium propiolate, providing well‐defined nanoparticle precursors (PS‐Prec). Next, individual PS‐Prec chains were collapsed irreversibly to unimolecular nanoparticles of ca. 12 nm in size by intrachain Cu(II)‐catalyzed alkyne dimerization under high‐dilution conditions, as revealed by SEC, H1‐NMR, DLS and TEM measurements. Based on predictions from a recent compressible thermodynamic model, the resulting nanoparticles could be promising materials for the development of homogeneous, miscible PS‐NPs / polycarbonate all‐polymer nanocomposites.
Hydrogen Bonds in Blends of Poly(vinylphenol‐co‐methylmethacrylate)/Poly(vinylmethylketone)
Authors: Benabdelghani Z. , Etxeberria A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: The hydrogen bonding and phase behaviour of blends of poly(vinylphenol‐co‐methylmethacrylate) (PVPhMMA50) containing 50% of methyl methacrylate with poly(vinylmethylketone) (PVMK) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was shown that all the blends have a single glass transition over the entire composition range. The FTIR study reveals the presence of intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions occurring between hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of vinylphenol (PVPh) and (PVMK) and intensified when the amount of PVMK increased in blend. A new band characterizing these interactions at 1713 cm−1 was observed. Furthermore, the quantitative FTIR study carried out for PVPhMMA50/PVMK blends was also performed for the vinylphenol and vinylmethylketone functional groups.
Thermodynamic Study of Blends of Poly(4‐vinylphenol‐co‐methyl methacrylate)/Poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine) by Inverse Gas Chromatography
Authors: Benabdelghani Z. , Belabed Ch. , Etxeberria A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and inverse gas chromatography (IGC) were used to determine the physicochemical properties of blends of poly(4‐vinylphenol‐co‐methyl methacrylate) (PVPhMMA50) containing 50% of methyl methacrylate with poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine) (PS4VPy 30) containing 30 mol% of 4‐vinylpyridine. Specific retention volumes (Vg) and Flory‐Huggins interaction parameter ($\chi _{1i} $) for eight probes with different polarities were calculated at the 180–200 °C temperature range using PVPhMMA50, PS4VPy30 and their blends as stationary phases. Moreover, some thermodynamic properties of PVPhMMA50 and PS4VPy30 such as the weight fraction coefficient activity and the solubility parameters of both components (δ2) were also calculated at infinite dilution. Both the obtained specific retention volume values with the different polymer blends and the calculated polymer‐polymer interaction parameters ($\chi _{23} $) allowed us to conclude that the binary blends of two polymers are miscible in all proportion. These results are in good agreement with the phase behaviour observed by DSC.
The Effect of Extrusion Reprocessing on Structure and Properties of Isotactic Poly(propylene)
Authors: Oikonomidou O. , Triantou M. I. , Tarantili P. A. , Anatolaki C. , Karnavos N. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: In this study, isotactic poly(propylene) (PP) and its nanocomposites reinforced with organic modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were subjected to five subsequent extrusion cycles, in order to simulate the effect of the processing involved with mechanical recycling on their properties. Additionally, tests were run in an attempt to explore whether the reprocessed polymers are appropriate as raw materials for several applications. It was concluded that repeated processing does not significantly affect the rheological and thermal properties, as well as the thermal stability of the above studied materials. Regarding mechanical properties, the tensile and flexural strength of the examined products remain almost unaffected. PP samples presented a decrease in tensile and flexural moduli, whereas in the case of OMMT/PP nanocomposites reprocessing improves these properties, probably due to better intercalation of clay platelets taking place upon melt mixing.