bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nietzsche
Authors: Parfit Derek 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter discusses the normative beliefs of Friedrich Nietzsche. Although we nearly all believe in the double badness of suffering, that does not answer the Argument from Disagreement, since there are other normative questions on which many people have conflicting beliefs. We can justifiably reject this argument if we can justifiably believe that, in ideal conditions, we would nearly all reach sufficient agreement. According to the Convergence Claim: If everyone knew all of the relevant non-normative facts, used the same normative concepts, understood and carefully reflected on the relevant arguments, and was not affected by any distorting influence, we would have similar normative beliefs. This chapter examines Nietzsche's thinking about good and evil and the meaning of life. More specifically, it argues that Nietzsche's main questions were not about what we ought to do, or what is good or bad, but about why humanity exists, and whether the answer can give meaning to our lives. Since Nietzsche's normative concepts were not reason-involving, but imperatival or command-implying, his attempt to avoid Nihilism failed.
What Matters Most
Authors: Parfit Derek 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter analyses whether, given the horrors of the past, human history has been worth it. The badness of suffering casts doubt on the goodness of the world. In asking whether human history has been worth it, we are asking whether the horrors and the suffering have been outweighed, so that human history has been, on the whole, good. Pessimists answer No. On their view, human existence is on the whole bad, or worse than nothing. Friedrich Nietzsche struggled to avoid this form of Pessimism. One of Nietzsche's responses was his attempt to make the world good, by saying Yes to everything. In other passages, Nietzsche claims instead that we cannot intelligibly ask whether it has all been worth it. This chapter argues that, in Utilitarian hedonistic terms, the past has been worth it, since the sum of happiness has been greater than the sum of suffering. Even if the past has been in itself bad, the future may be good, and this goodness might outweigh the badness of the past.
Tears Run Dry
Authors: Alviso Ric 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter explores the role of music in the campaign against AIDS in Zimbabwe. It suggests that health practitioners tend to view artists’ relevant works either as a therapy aid, or as an entity that straddles the line between “education” and “entertainment.” It argues that the artists who act within these expectations, such as the Afro-jazz group Mhepo, aim to develop themselves as musicians, thus forcing mediations between originality and conformity; personal expression and group expression; and poverty and steady work. The chapter first outlines the scope of the AIDS epidemic in Zimbabwe in relation to politics before discussing the role of music in dealing with AIDS, and whether these efforts have made any difference. It then shows how traditional and popular music in Zimbabwe today reveal some interesting generational differences in the way music is being used to provide education, express grief, and begin healing.
Interlude
Authors: Cohen Judah M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter shares its author’s experience in Uganda, where the drama group at the Mbarara chapter of The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) sing, dance, and act out a message of hope in the face of the AIDS epidemic. The Drama Group in Mbarara includes members who are HIV-positive, singing choral songs and rousing the audience to fight AIDS, to get tested for HIV, and to remember that everyone—including priests, doctors, and school headmasters—is susceptible to the disease. Their case highlights the valuable role played by music in helping communities negotiate the often contradictory messages they are hearing about AIDS. Aside from being a crucial factor in disseminating information about HIV/AIDS, music also helps Ugandans provide information about AIDS research and treatments available in a culturally robust context.
HIV/AIDS Poster Campaigns in Malawi1
Authors: Breitinger Eckhard 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter examines the ways public visual culture reorients images, aphorisms, and cultural norms into anti-AIDS messages by focusing on HIV/AIDS poster campaigns in Malawi. It shows how frequently seen and strategically placed public placards can make a state-sponsored campaign effective in transforming entire landscapes of discourse to conform to desired parameters of HIV/AIDS knowledge. The posters display moral, ethical, and aesthetic values that are current in sections of Malawian society, thus offering one strategy for government intervention in a multi-front battle against a devastating and vexing pandemic. The concluding statement of all these posters is: Kukhulupirirana wamba sikungakutetezeni ku kachilombo ka HIV (Just trusting each other cannot protect you against the HIV virus). The term kachilombo (meaning virus) provides a remarkable example of how African languages manage to transliterate medical, technical, or scientific terms into elegant and precisely coined phrases through allegorical or proverbial figurative speech.
Singing Songs of AIDS in Venda, South Africa
Authors: McNeill Fraser G. , James Deborah 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter describes an HIV/AIDS campaign in Venda, South Africa that employs female peer educators who incorporate and adapt a mix of anti-apartheid, religious, and local musical styles into their public promotion of safer sex. Through the strategic combination of songs from the anti-apartheid struggle, Christian churches and “traditional” repertoires, peer educators attempt a symbolic and material transformation of themselves from unemployed rural women to quasi-social workers. Music is central to this process, not only because it provides an easily accessible and readily understandable medium for the transmission of knowledge, but also because the peer educators claim to “sing about what they cannot talk about.” This campaign, however, has also spurred a musical counter-discourse from a male-dominated solo genre known as zwilombe, which accuses the women’s messages (along with the campaign) as manipulative and exploitative. The chapter highlights the inherent dangers of privileging songs that are rooted in bioscientific worldviews over those which emerge from folk cosmologies of health and/or sickness.
A Lady Who is an Akadongo Player
Authors: Emanuel Rebekah 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the songs performed by Ugandan traditional singer and akadongo (plucked lamellophone) player Vilimina Nakiranda. It analyzes the layers of Vilimina’s song by explicating the symbols she uses and how they portray gender, AIDS, and marginalization as interconnected societal ills. It then considers how Vilimina transforms these symbols from the standard bearers of traditional hierarchy to playful and assertive images of a new sexual order. It also discusses the six arguments Vilimina puts forward to convince her audience to change. On the basis of her song-texts, the chapter suggests that Vilimina is much more than a village-based entertainer. Her songs instead show her to be a powerful advocate for women’s rights and issues related to HIV/AIDS health care disparities in her rural region. The chapter demonstrates that the elaborate codes and metaphors adopted by Vilimina draw on traditional values to stimulate social change through musical performance.
Organizational Structure
Authors: Tagg Barbara M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This chapter talks about the organizational structures of choirs. Specifically, it deals with creating the framework for the organization of a choir. This includes incorporation, nonprofit designation, bylaws, the structure of a board of directors, agendas, committees, and other management topics. It argues that choirs must have strong structures to support the important work of education, musicianship, and artistry in school, church, or community contexts. It is important to get people on board and keep everyone focused on the organization’s mission.
Functional Assessment in Tibial Hemimelia (Can We Also Save the Foot in Reconstruction?)
Authors: Shahcheraghi G. Hossain , Javid Mahzad 
Published: May 2015

Background:
The congenital absence of the tibia is a rare disease, and an orthopaedic surgeon may not encounter such cases during the course of his/her career. This is the largest report to date of the management of such cases by a single surgeon. The foot and leg were persevered in the majority of the cases, and a functional evaluation system was used to report outcomes.

Methods:
Thirty-six patients with tibial hemimelia, who had been under the direct care of the authors since infancy, were evaluated clinically and radiographically. The patients or their parents filled out the Pediatric Quality of Life and the parents’ satisfaction forms. The surgical interventions performed, and their effects on school attendance and, and also the shoe type they wore were documented.

Results:
Thirty-six patients (19 girls and 17 boys) with 48 tibial-deficient limbs (19 right, 5 left, and 12 both right and left sides) were studied. The patients were assessed at 12 years (2.5 to 32.5 y), with a mean follow-up of 9 years (2 to 23 y). The 48 limbs included 14 type I, 16 type II, 11 type IV, and 7 unclassified by using the Jones classification; and 6 type I, 11 type II, 16 type III, 1 type IV, and 14 type VII by using the Weber classification. Primary amputation was performed in 8 patients (10 limbs) and limb preservation surgeries on 38 legs (28 patients). Tibiofibular synostosis, centralization of the ankle, and Ilizarov lengthening were the most common procedures. Nonunion of tibiofibular synostosis (2 cases) and knee stiffness (6 cases) were the main complications. Among the reconstructed limbs, 12 were in regular and 18 in modified shoes. The Pediatric Quality of Life of 68 points in the reconstructed group was a significant achievement, and it was also better than the score of patients who had undergone amputation.

Conclusion:
Reconstruction of tibial hemimelia with foot preservation provides good functional outcome in the majority of cases.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Sustainability reporting and assurance in Portugal
Authors: Gomes Sónia Ferreira , Eugénio Teresa Cristina Pereira , Branco Manuel Castelo 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a descriptive comprehensive analysis of sustainability reporting (SR) and assurance in Portugal after the onset of the most recent economic crisis.Design/methodology/approach– The authors analyze 290 sustainability reports for the years 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, and find those that include assurance statements and characterize them.Findings– The authors present evidence supporting the view that the Portuguese sustainability reporting assurance (SRA) market follows the international trends and suggest that the most recent economic crisis had a negative effect in terms of publication of sustainability reports but not in terms of its quality and assurance.Research limitations/implications– The authors merely provide descriptive evidence of SR and the assurance thereof in Portugal.Originality/value– The authors contribute significantly to the literature on SRA in peripheral countries and in the period of crisis.
Information literacy of students as a correlate of their use of electronic resources in university libraries in Nigeria
Authors: Ukachi Ngozi Blessing 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship existing between undergraduate students’ information literacy skills and their use of electronic resources (ERs) located in university libraries in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
– The descriptive design was adopted for the research questions, while the correlational design was adopted for the hypothesis. The purposive sampling technique was also adopted in selecting 12 university libraries which the preliminary study had revealed that they have Internet access and also subscribe to ERs in the south-west geopolitical zone in Nigeria. Questionnaire and oral interview were used for data collection. The population size consists of all the 36,116 library-registered undergraduate students in the 12 universities, while the sample size is 1,806 (5 per cent of the population) and the 12 librarians heading the ERs sections of the libraries.

Findings
– The findings revealed that ERs are not adequately utilized, undergraduate students do not possess adequate information literacy skills necessary for optimal utilization of the libraries’ ERs and strong positive correlation between level of undergraduate students’ information literacy skill and their use of ERs provided in the library.

Practical implications
– This paper provides practical insights into the impact of possessing inadequate information literacy skills on the use of ERs.

Originality/value
– This paper is the first to relate undergraduate students’ information literacy skills and their use of libraries’ ERs in south-western zone of Nigeria.
Multiple h-index: a new scientometric indicator
Authors: Yaminfirooz Mousa , Gholinia Hemmat 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to evaluate some of the known scientific indexes by using virtual data and proposes a new index, named multiple h-index (mh-index), for removing the limits of these variants.

Design/methodology/approach
– Citation report for 40 researchers in Babol, Iran, was extracted from the Web of Science and entered in a checklist together with their scientific lifetimes and published ages of their papers. Some statistical analyses, especially exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural correlations, were done in SPSS 19.

Findings
– EFA revealed three factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 and explained variance of over 96 per cent in the studied indexes, including the mh-index. Factors 1, 2 and 3 explained 44.38, 28.19 and 23.48 of the variance in the correlation coefficient matrix, respectively. The m-index (with coefficient of 90 per cent) in Factor 1, a-index (with coefficient of 91 per cent) in Factor 2 and h- and h2-indexes (with coefficients of 93 per cent) in Factor 3 had the highest factor loadings. Correlation coefficients and related comparative diagrams showed that the mh-index is more accurate than the other nine variants in differentiating the scientific impact of researchers with the same h-index.

Originality/value
– As the studied variants could not satisfy all limits of the h-index, scientific society needs an index which accurately evaluates individual researcher’s scientific output. As the mh-index has some advantages over the other studied variants, it can be an appropriate alternative for them.
LocalContent: a personal scientific document retrieval system
Authors: Tsai Chih-Fong , Ke Shih-Wen , McGarry Kenneth , Lin Ming-Yi 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel personal scientific document retrieval system. The most common approach taken for the storage of personal documents is to construct a hierarchical folder structure. Most users prefer searching for documents by manually traversing their organizational hierarchy until reaching the location where the target item is stored, then locating the specific documents within its directory or folder. However, this is very time-consuming, especially when the number of personal scientific documents is very large. Unfortunately, related personal information management (PIM) systems, which provide solutions for managing various types of personal information, have thus far made little progress at managing personal scientific documents.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper, we introduce the design of a personal scientific document retrieval system, namely, LocalContent. It is composed of database indexing and retrieval stages. During indexing, term feature extraction from scientific documents is performed by the natural language processing technique. The extracted terms are stored in the inverted index for later retrieval. For retrieval, a graphical user interface is provided by LocalContent, which allows users to search their personal scientific documents.

Findings
– The evaluation results based on 20 different personal archives taken from 20 graduate students show that LocalContent is simple to use and can facilitate the search for relevant scientific documents. Moreover, these users were willing to have a system which provides specialized search functions like LocalContent to explore their personal scientific documents in the future.

Originality/value
– LocalContent is a novel scientific document retrieval system and provides several particular functions of LocalContent including displaying the content summary of the query term frequency in each specific section of the retrieved documents, querying by local section specification and providing a number of recommended keywords related to the query terms.
An assessment of the usability of the University of the West Indies (Mona, Jamaica) Main Library’s website
Authors: Duncan Adrian St. Patrick , Durrant Fay 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to provide an assessment of the usability of the University of the West Indies, Mona, Main Library’s Web site by Master of Arts students of the Department of Library and Information Studies (D.L.I.S.) for the identification of major strengths and weaknesses of the site and to incorporate the results and participant feedback into a redesign that reflects users’ intuitions rather than those of the site developers and library staff.

Design/methodology/approach
– One method was used to collect data; Observation. Its instruments included a list of activities executed by students followed by a checklist, which reflected day-to-day usage of the Main Library’s Web site by Master of Arts students in the D.L.I.S. In addition, both usability heuristics and International Standards Organisation (ISO) guidelines were used to assess effectiveness, learnability, usefulness, functionality, navigability and user satisfaction. Respondent strategies used a sample size of five participants in the focus group sessions. Experimental strategies combined observation of five individual participants who performed the usability tests.

Findings
– The findings identified challenges in the site’s navigation, user satisfaction and learnability.

Research limitations/implications
– There can be further assessment, as this study did not speak specifically to students with disabilities or took into consideration the views of the librarians. Additionally, more ethnographic approaches are required to elicit distinctive Caribbean user behaviors.

Practical implications
– The study concludes that usability training should be incorporated into the culture of the library organization as well as more usability testing needs to be done on a more regular basis and on a more student interactive basis.

Originality/value
– The paper presents issues of usability and the impact of technology on information access, memorability, learnability and functionality of an academic library’s Web site.
A gendered lens on entrepreneurship: women entrepreneurship in Turkey
Authors: Maden Ceyda 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to shed light on women’s entrepreneurship in Turkey by focusing on the profile of women entrepreneurs, key drivers behind their decision to establish their own business, challenges they face while initiating and running their business and support mechanisms for women entrepreneurs.

Design/methodology/approach
– Semi-structured interviews were conducted by ten successful women entrepreneurs in Turkey. Survey forms were also sent to the representatives of four different organizations that support women entrepreneurship. Three completed survey forms were received back from these organizations. Four key areas that originate from the research question (i.e. profile, drivers, problems and support mechanisms) have constituted the basis of the semi-structured interview guide and that of thematic analysis.

Findings
– The results have revealed that there are important similarities among Turkish women entrepreneurs with respect to their personality traits or characteristics. Successful women entrepreneurs in Turkey were described as being persistent and determined, patient, mentally strong and visionary and innovative. The interviews also revealed that exploiting unique opportunities in the business environment, working for the good of society and being independent in one’s decisions and actions are the major factors behind Turkish women entrepreneurs’ decision to become entrepreneurs. On the other hand, finding and managing capital emerged as the most important problem for women entrepreneurs in Turkey despite the existence of various support mechanisms. Finally, the findings showed that the majority of women entrepreneurs in Turkey use traditional ways (i.e. governmental and non-governmental support mechanisms and banks) to get financial support. Family members and business partners are the other sources of financial support, which may also provide moral support to women entrepreneurs.

Research limitations/implications
– The generalizability of the findings is limited, as the study is exploratory, rather than causal in nature.

Practical implications
– This study provides certain recommendations to the interested parties, such as policymakers, to create a proper economic, social, political, cultural and legal environment for women in which they can freely and willingly go into and run business.

Originality/value
– The paper fills an important gap in the literature by systematically reviewing the extant literature on women entrepreneurship in Turkey and combining and comparing the prior findings with qualitative data derived from the interviews with ten successful women entrepreneurs.
Culture in business relationship interaction: an individual perspective
Authors: Ivanova-Gongne Maria 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to establish a conceptual framework for studying the intercultural aspect of dyadic business relationship interaction from an individual perspective.Design/methodology/approach– The paper is conceptual in nature. Perspectives on culture and cultural concepts are discussed and critically reviewed for the question of applicability in the study of business relationship interaction from an individual perspective.Findings– By focusing on the application of culture in individual sensemaking of interaction events in a business relationship context, a suitable perspective on culture is chosen. A conceptual framework consisting of the concepts related to the chosen perspective is developed. Moreover, propositions concerning the study of culture in individual sensemaking of interaction events are suggested.Research limitations/implications– The paper suggests several opportunities for further research, particularly concerning the application of the reviewed concepts to the empirical study of culture in sensemaking of business relationship interaction.Originality/value– The paper advocates for a more interpretive and constructive perspective on culture in business relationship interaction studies. Second, it improves understanding of the cultural concepts application in the research on individual sensemaking within a business relationship context. Third, it particularly contributes to the current conceptual underpinning of the International Marketing and Purchasing group studies by reintroducing the concept of culture from an individual perspective.