bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Survival in Patients With Cirrhosis After Hepatitis C Virus Cure
Authors: Mezzacappa Catherine , Kim Nicole J. , Vutien Philip , Kaplan David E. , Ioannou George N. , Taddei Tamar H. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceThe risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) declines over time after hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure by direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies. Liver society guidelines recommend continuing HCC screening for these patients, but data on screening outcomes are lacking.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of HCC screening after HCV cure with overall survival.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study evaluated patients with HCV cirrhosis who achieved DAA-induced HCV cure in the Veterans Affairs health care system between January 2014 and December 2022. Data analysis occurred from October 2023 to January 2024.ExposuresThe percentage of time spent up to date with recommended HCC screening was calculated by year of follow-up and during the 4 years preceding HCC diagnosis (the detectable asymptomatic phase).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was overall survival after HCC diagnosis and was compared by percentage of time spent up to date with screening using Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression. Early-stage HCC at diagnosis and curative treatment were secondary outcomes assessed using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 16 902 individuals were included (median [IQR] age, 64.0 [60.5-67.4] years; 16 426 male [97.2%]), of whom 1622 developed HCC. The cumulative incidence of HCC declined from 2.4% (409 of 16 902 individuals) to 1.0% (27 of 2833 individuals) from year 1 to year 7 of follow-up. Being up to date with screening for at least 50% of time during the 4 years preceding HCC diagnosis was associated with improved overall survival (log-rank test of equality over strata P = .002). In multivariate analysis, each 10% increase in follow-up spent up to date with screening was associated with a 3.2% decrease in the hazard of death (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99). There was a statistically significant interaction between time since HCV cure and screening, with no association observed among those who received a diagnosis of HCC more than 5 years after HCV cure. Each 10% of time spent up to date with screening was associated with a 10.1% increased likelihood of diagnosis with early-stage HCC (95% CI, 6.3%-14.0%) and a 6.8% increased likelihood of curative treatment (95% CI, 2.8%-11.0%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of persons with HCV-related cirrhosis who achieved HCV cure and subsequently developed HCC, remaining up to date with screening was associated with improved overall survival, supporting the screening of eligible individuals.
Ultra‐Rapidly Responsive Electret‐Based Flexible Pressure Sensor via Functional Polymeric Nanoparticle Synthesis
Authors: Yasuda Tatsuya , Komine Ryutaro , Nojiri Ryoma , Takabe Yoshihito , Nara Kenta , Kaneko Takeru , Horigome Syunsuke , Takeda Yasunori , Wang Yi‐Fei , Kawaguchi Seigou , Sekine Tomohito 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFlexible electrets can be used to construct eco‐friendly devices that utilize dielectric materials to measure physical parameters without requiring any power supply. By achieving detection capabilities that surpass human tactile abilities, such devices can be employed to create super‐sensing technologies, such as electronic artificial skin, based on solution processes. In this study, electret‐type particles with self‐power‐generating properties are synthesized and applied to flexible pressure sensors. Notably, an ultrafast response is achieved despite the device being flexible and fabricated using a solution process. Moreover, this technology is successfully implemented in both human and robot applications, detecting tactile signals in real‐time and serving as electronic artificial skin—a key super‐sensing aspect. These results showcase the possibilities offered by high‐performance flexible sensing technology and illuminate potential directions for future applications.
Neural Tissue‐Like, not Supraphysiological, Electrical Conductivity Stimulates Neuronal Lineage Specification through Calcium Signaling and Epigenetic Modification
Authors: Li Yu‐Meng , Ji Yunseong , Meng Yu‐Xuan , Kim Yu‐Jin , Lee Hwalim , Kurian Amal George , Park Jeong‐Hui , Yoon Ji‐Young , Knowles Jonathan C. , Choi Yunkyu , Kim Yoon‐Sik , Yoon Bo‐Eun , Singh Rajendra K. , Lee Hae‐Hyoung , Kim Hae‐Won , Lee Jung‐Hwan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectrical conductivity is a pivotal biophysical factor for neural interfaces, though optimal values remain controversial due to challenges isolating this cue. To address this issue, conductive substrates made of carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide nanoribbons, exhibiting a spectrum of conductivities from 0.02 to 3.2 S m−1, while controlling other surface properties is designed. The focus is to ascertain whether varying conductivity in isolation has any discernable impact on neural lineage specification. Remarkably, neural‐tissue‐like low conductivity (0.02–0.1 S m−1) prompted neural stem/progenitor cells to exhibit a greater propensity toward neuronal lineage specification (neurons and oligodendrocytes, not astrocytes) compared to high supraphysiological conductivity (3.2 S m−1). High conductivity instigated the apoptotic process, characterized by increased apoptotic fraction and decreased neurogenic morphological features, primarily due to calcium overload. Conversely, cells exposed to physiological conductivity displayed epigenetic changes, specifically increased chromatin openness with H3acetylation (H3ac) and neurogenic‐transcription‐factor activation, along with a more balanced intracellular calcium response. The pharmacological inhibition of H3ac further supported the idea that such epigenetic changes might play a key role in driving neuronal specification in response to neural‐tissue‐like, not supraphysiological, conductive cues. These findings underscore the necessity of optimal conductivity when designing neural interfaces and scaffolds to stimulate neuronal differentiation and facilitate the repair process.
Asymmetric Manipulation of Perpendicular Exchange Bias and Programmable Spin Logical Cells by Spin–Orbit Torque in a Ferromagnet/Antiferromagnet System
Authors: Guo Lei , Shi Guopeng , Wang Guocai , Su Hua , Zhang Huaiwu , Tang Xiaoli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAntiferromagnets are competitive candidates for the next generation of spintronic devices owing to their superiority in small‐scale and low‐power‐consumption devices. The electrical manipulation of the magnetization and exchange bias (EB) driven by spin‐orbit torque (SOT) in ferromagnetic (FM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) systems has become focused in spintronics. Here, the realization of a large perpendicular EB field in Co/IrMn and the effective manipulation of the magnetic moments of the magnetic Co layer and EB field by SOT in Pt/Co/IrMn system is reported. During the SOT‐driven switching process, an asymmetrically manipulated state is observed. Current pulses with the same amplitude but opposite directions induce different magnetization states. Magneto–optical Kerr measurements reveal that this is due to the coexistence of stable and metastable antiferromagnetic domains in the AFM. Exploiting the asymmetric properties of these FM/AFM structures, five spin logic gates, namely AND, OR, NOR, NAND, and NOT, are realized in a single cell via SOT. This study provides an insight into the special ability of SOT on AFMs and also paves an avenue to construct the logic‐in‐memory and neuromorphic computing cells based on the AFM spintronic system.
Boosted Charge Transfer for Highly Efficient Photosynthesis of H2O2 over Z‐Scheme I−/K+ Co‐Doped g‐C3N4/Metal–Organic‐Frameworks in Pure Water under Visible Light
Authors: Lu Xize , Chen Zongwei , Hu Zhuofeng , Liu Fuyu , Zuo Zhihong , Gao Zixiang , Zhang Haiguang , Zhu Youcai , Liu Runzeng , Yin Yongguang , Cai Yong , Ma Dongling , Zhang Qingzhe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective approach for H2O2 synthesis. However, the current photosynthesis system suffers from sluggish kinetics, rapid recombination of photoexcited charge carriers, and weak redox potentials, resulting in unsatisfactory solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency. Herein, a Z‐scheme heterojunction (UiO/IKCN) is constructed through coupling I−/K+ co‐doped g‐C3N4 (IKCN) with NH2‐UiO‐66, a typical metal‐organic framework material. Under visible light irradiation, the optimal UiO/IKCN exhibits exceptional H2O2 production rates in pure water (13.3 mM g−1 h−1) and in isopropanol solution (72.6 mM g−1 h−1), that is 48.4 times higher than pristine CN in isopropanol (1.5 mM g−1 h−1). A high apparent quantum yield of 10.28% at 420 nm is achieved by UiO/IKCN, surpassing most previously reported values. The dominating role of two‐electron ORR in H2O2 photosynthesis is elucidated in detail. The significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the facilitated charge separation and Z‐scheme charge transfer, which are unambiguously verified by stable‐state surface photovoltage, transient photoluminescence, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, in‐situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. This study represents the first exploration of H2O2 production using NH2‐UiO‐66 and provides insights into the rational design of Z‐scheme heterojunction for highly efficient photosynthesis.
Oxidation of Ammonia Catalyzed by a Molecular Iron Complex: Translating Chemical Catalysis to Mediated Electrocatalysis
Authors: Liu Liang , Johnson Samantha I. , Appel Aaron M. , Bullock R. Morris 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmmonia is a promising candidate in the quest for sustainable, clean energy. With its capacity to serve as an energy carrier, the oxidation of ammonia opens avenues for carbon‐neutral approaches to address worldwide growing energy needs. We report the catalytic chemical oxidation of ammonia by an Earth‐abundant transition metal complex, trans‐[LFeII(MeCN)2][PF6]2, where L is a macrocyclic ligand bearing four N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) donors. Using triarylaminium radical cations in MeCN, up to 182 turnovers of N2 per Fe were obtained from chemical catalysis with an extremely low loading of the Fe catalyst (0.043 mM, 0.004 mol % catalyst). This chemical catalysis was successfully transitioned to mediated electrocatalysis for the oxidation of ammonia. Molecular electrocatalysis by the Fe catalyst and the mediator (p‐MeOC6H4)3N exhibited a catalytic half‐wave potential (Ecat/2) of 0.18 V vs [Cp2Fe]+/0 in MeCN, and achieved 9.3 turnovers of N2 at an applied potential of 0.20 V vs [Cp2Fe]+/0 at −20 °C in controlled‐potential electrolysis, with a Faradaic efficiency of 75 %. Based on computational results, the catalyst undergoes sequential oxidation and deprotonation steps to form [LFeIV(NH2)2]2+, and thereafter bimetallic coupling to form an N−N bond.
Cost‐Effective Carbon Quaternization with Redox‐Active Esters and Olefins
Authors: Hota Sudhir Kumar , Murarka Sandip 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuaternary carbons are embedded in various natural products, pharmaceuticals, and organic materials. However, constructing this valuable motif is far from trivial. Conventional approaches mainly rely on classical polar disconnections and encounter bottlenecks concerning harsh conditions, functional group tolerance, regioselectivity, and step economy. In this context, Kawamata, Baran, Shenvi, and co‐workers recently demonstrated that two feedstock chemicals, alkyl carboxylic acids and olefins, could be utilized to construct tetrasubstituted carbons in the presence of an inexpensive iron porphyrin catalyst and a suitable reductant combination through quaternization of the radical intermediates. The method enables access to various sterically encumbered quaternary carbons under mild and robust conditions. Taking a complete detour from conventional approaches, the present heteroselective radical–radical coupling simplifies the synthesis of quaternary carbon‐containing molecules through an innovative and distinctive disconnection approach.
Using Porous Liquids to Perform Liquid‐Liquid Separations
Authors: Lai Beibei , Crawford Deborah E. , Wu Haochen , James Stuart L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPorous liquids (PLs) are a new type of fluid sorbent investigated mainly for the separation of gas mixtures. Here, we explore their application to the separation of miscible liquids, using MEG/water (MEG=monoethylene glycol) and EtOH/water as proof‐of‐principle. Recovery of used MEG is industrially important but its extraction into conventional solvents from water is difficult. PLs ZIF‐8@PDMS (PL1, PDMS=polydimethylsilicone) or ZIF‐8@sesame oil (PL2) each consisting of 25 wt % of the hydrophobic microporous material ZIF‐8 dispersed in PDMS or sesame oil respectively, were formulated and found to be exceedingly physically stable to sedimentation. A 5 nm PEEK membrane was used to provide a permeable barrier between the PL and the alcohol/water phase. MEG was selectively extracted through the membrane from approximately 50 : 50 wt % MEG/water mixtures into the PL phase and this procedure could be applied repeatedly. It was effective for MEG/water mixtures as dilute as 3 : 97 wt %. The PL could also be regenerated (80 °C at 0.01 bar) and re‐used, suggesting its potential for continuous, cyclic extraction. Furthermore, PL3 (silicalite‐1@PDMS) was effective in selective alcohol extraction from beverages. It shows potential for lowering the alcohol concentration in gin or wine due to its excellent chemical stability and nontoxicity. Overall, we show that the enhanced adsorption properties of PLs due the presence of empty pores, which provides unusually high gas solubilities, also makes them, in principle, applicable to liquid‐liquid separations.
Modular and Diverse Synthesis of Acrylamides by Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroaminocarbonylation of Acetylene
Authors: Cao Zhusong , Wang Qiang , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of all kinds of covalent drugs had a major impact on the improvement of the human health system. Covalent binding to target proteins is achieved by so‐called electrophilic warheads, which are incorporated in the respective drug molecule. In the last decade, specifically acrylamides emerged as attractive warheads in covalent drug design. Herein, a straightforward palladium‐catalyzed hydroaminocarbonylation of acetylene has been developed, allowing a modular and diverse synthesis of bio‐active acrylamides. This general protocol features high atom efficiency, wide functional group compatibility, high chemoselectivity and proceeds additive free under mild reaction conditions. The synthetic utility of this protocol is showcased in the synthesis of ibrutinib, osimertinib, and other bio‐active compound derivatives.
Chemical Reaction Modulated Low‐Dimensional Phase Toward Highly Efficient Sky‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Bin , Lou Yan‐Hui , Xia Yu , Hu Fan , Li Yu‐Han , Wang Kai‐Li , Chen Jing , Chen Chun‐Hao , Su Zhen‐Huang , Gao Xing‐Yu , Wang Zhao‐Kui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBlue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are crucial avenues for achieving full‐color displays and lighting based on perovskite materials. However, the relatively low external quantum efficiency (EQE) has hindered their progression towards commercial applications. Quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) perovskites stand out as promising candidates for blue PeLEDs, with optimized control over low‐dimensional phases contributing to enhanced radiative properties of excitons. Herein, the impact of organic molecular dopants on the crystallization of various n‐phase structures in quasi‐2D perovskite films. The results reveal that the highly reactive bis(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (BTF‐PPO) molecule could effectively restrain the formation of organic spacer cation‐ordered layered perovskite phases through chemical reactions, simultaneously passivate those uncoordinated Pb2+ defects. Consequently, the prepared PeLEDs exhibited a maximum EQE of 16.6 % (@ 490 nm). The finding provides a new route to design dopant molecules for phase modulation in quasi‐2D PeLEDs.
Lithiation Induced Hetero‐Superlattice Zn/ZnLi as Stable Anode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Chao , Yang Zefang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Mingze , Wu Tingqing , Xie Chunlin , Wang Hao , Tang Yougen , Wang Haiyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThree dimensional (3D) framework structure is one of the most effective ways to achieve uniform zinc deposition and thus inhibit the Zn dendrites growth in working Zn metallic anode. A major challenge facing for the most commonly used 3D zincophilic hosts is that the zincophilic layer tends to peel off during repeatedly cycling, making it less stable. Herein, for the first time, a hetero‐superlattice Zn/ZnLi (HS−Zn/ZnLi) anode containing periodic arrangements of metallic Zn phase and zincophilic ZnLi phase at the nanoscale, is well designed and fabricated via electrochemical lithiation method. Based on binding energy and stripping energy calculation, and the operando optical observation of plating/stripping behaviors, the zincophilic ZnLi sites with a strong Zn adsorption ability in the interior of the 3D ZnLi framework structure can effectively guide uniform Zn nucleation and dendrite‐free zinc deposition, which significantly improves the cycling stability of the HS−Zn/ZnLi alloy (over 2800 h without a short‐circuit at 2 mA cm−2). More importantly, this strategy can be extended to HS−Zn/ZnNa and HS−Zn/ZnK anodes that are similar to the HS−Zn/ZnLi microstructure, also displaying significantly enhanced cycling performances in AZIBs. This study can provide a novel strategy to develop the dendrite‐free metal anodes with stable cycling performance.
Perylene with Split‐Azulene Embedding
Authors: Zhou Laiyun , Qiu Fei , Ding Yeda , Liang Jianwei , Zhou Bingdi , Zhou Zheng , Zhang Lei , Chi Chunyan , Wang Qing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSplitting the five and seven‐membered rings of azulene and embedding them separately into a conjugated backbone provides azulene‐like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are of great interest in quantum and material chemistry. However, the synthetic accessibility poses a significant challenge. In this study, we present the synthesis of a novel azulene‐like PAH, Pery‐57, which can be viewed as the integration of a perylene framework into the split azulene. The compact structure of Pery‐57 displays several intriguing characteristics, including NIR II absorption at 1200 nm, a substantial dipole moment of 3.5 D, and head‐to‐tail alternating columnar packing. Furthermore, Pery‐57 exhibits remarkable redox properties. The cationic radical Pery‐57⋅+ readily captures a hydrogen atom. Variable‐temperature NMR (VT NMR ) and variable‐temperature EPR (VT‐EPR) studies reveal that the dianion Pery‐572− possesses an open‐shell singlet ground state and demonstrates significant global anti‐aromaticity. The dication Pery‐572+ is also predicted to exhibit diradical character. Despite bearing three bulky substituents, Pery‐57 displays p‐type transport characteristics with a mobility of 0.03 cm2 V−1 s−1, attributed to its unique azulene‐like structure. Overall, this work directs interest in azulene‐like PAHs, a unique member of nonalternant PAHs showcasing exceptional properties and applications.
A Soft, Fatigue‐free, and Self‐healable Ionic Elastomer via the Synergy of Skin‐like Assembly and Bouligand Structure
Authors: Jiang Xinyuan , Cheng Yin , Shi Liangjing , Sun Jing , Wang Ranran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSoft ionic elastomers that are self‐healable, fatigue‐free, and environment‐tolerant are ideal structural and sensing materials for artificial prosthetics, soft electronics, and robotics to survive unpredictable service conditions. However, most synthetic strategies failed to unite rapid healing, fatigue resistance, and environmental robustness, limited by their singular compositional/structural designs. Here, we present a soft, tough, fatigue‐resistant, and self‐healable ionic elastomer (STFSI elastomer), which fuses skin‐like binary assembly and Bouligand helicoidal structure into a composite of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibers and a supramolecular ionic biopolymer. The interlocked binary assembly enables skin‐like softness, high stretchability, and strain‐adaptive stiffening through a matrix‐to‐scaffold stress transfer. The Bouligand structure contributes to superhigh fracture toughness (101.6 kJ m−2) and fatigue resistance (4937 J m−2) via mechanical toughening by interlayer slipping and twisted crack propagation path. Besides, the STFSI elastomer is self‐healable through a “bridging” method and environment‐tolerant (−20 °C, strong acid/alkali, saltwater). To demonstrate the versatile structural and sensing applications, we showcase a safety cushion with efficient damping and suppressed rebounding, and a robotic sensor with excellent fatigue crack tolerance and instant sensation recovery upon cutting‐off damage. Our presented synthetic strategy is generalizable to other fiber‐reinforced tough polymers for applications involving demanding mechanical/environmental conditions.
Intrauterine growth in chromatinopathies: A long road for better understanding and for improving clinical management
Authors: Avagliano Laura , Castiglioni Silvia , Lettieri Antonella , Parodi Chiara , Di Fede Elisabetta , Taci Esi , Grazioli Paolo , Colombo Elisa Adele , Gervasini Cristina , Massa Valentina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundChromatinopathies are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders caused by pathogenic variants in genes coding for chromatin state balance proteins. Remarkably, many of these syndromes present unbalanced postnatal growth, both under‐ and over‐, although little has been described in the literature. Fetal growth measurements are common practice in pregnancy management and values within normal ranges indicate proper intrauterine growth progression; on the contrary, abnormalities in intrauterine fetal growth open the discussion of possible pathogenesis affecting growth even in the postnatal period.MethodsAmong the numerous chromatinopathies, we have selected six of the most documented in the literature offering evidence about two fetal overgrowth (Sotos and Weaver syndrome) and four fetal undergrowth syndromes (Bohring Opitz, Cornelia de Lange, Floating‐Harbor, and Meier Gorlin syndrome), describing their molecular characteristics, maternal biochemical results and early pregnancy findings, prenatal ultrasound findings, and postnatal characteristics.Results/ConclusionTo date, the scarce data in the literature on prenatal findings are few and inconclusive, even though these parameters may contribute to a more rapid and accurate diagnosis, calling for a better and more detailed description of pregnancy findings.