bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulational instability, modulated wave, and optical solitons for a generalized highly dispersive cubic-quintic-septic-nonic medium with self-frequency shift and self-steepening nonlinear terms
Authors: Yomba Emmanuel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this research, we delve into a generalized highly dispersive (HD) nonlinear Schrödinger equation, enriched with cubic-quintic-septic-nonic (CQSN) nonlinearities. The core of our investigation revolves around the perturbation of plane waves, aiming to understand their stability characteristics in such a complex medium. We investigate the influence of various factors such as the amplitude of the plane wave, perturbed wave number, nonic nonlinear term, and fourth-order dispersion term. Our findings indicate that increasing the amplitude of the plane wave widens the modulation instability (MI) bands and amplifies the MI growth rate. In contrast, increasing the nonic nonlinear term has opposing effects, narrowing the MI bands and diminishing the amplitude of the MI growth rate. Increasing the fourth-order dispersion term does not affect the amplitude of the MI growth rate but narrows the MI bands. The observed pattern of increasing and then decreasing MI intensity with rising K can be attributed to the complex interplay among phase matching conditions, dispersion effects, and nonlinear saturation. Initially, higher K enhances phase matching and boosts MI growth. However, as K increases further, the combined influence of dispersion and nonlinear effects can diminish the effectiveness of phase matching, resulting in a reduction in MI intensity. A significant portion of our work is dedicated to identifying and analyzing modulated rational, polynomial Jacobi elliptic function solutions, and the emergence of optical solitons within this framework. These findings provide new insights into the nonlinear dynamics underpinning the generalized HDNLSE, enriched with CQSN nonlinearities, offering valuable contributions to the theoretical understanding of such phenomena.
Recent progress in improvement in ion cyclotron range of frequencies coupling and power absorption with new antennas of Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST)
Authors: Zhang W. , Liu L.N. , Zhang X.J. , Qin C.M. , Yang H. ,   the EAST Team
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Efficient ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) wave heating requires good wave coupling at the plasma edge and good radio frequency power absorption in the plasma core. This study reviews recent progress in improving these two aspects of ICRF heating with the new two-strap antennas through various experiments and simulations on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). Our study shows that the ICRF coupling can be significantly improved by decreasing the parallel wave number, increasing the local scrape-off layer (SOL) density by midplane gas puffing, and increasing the global SOL density by decreasing the separatrix–antenna distance. It can also be improved by increasing the core plasma density, changing the divertor strike point position, and optimizing the antenna phasing. The core ICRF power absorption can be increased by optimizing the cyclotron resonance position and minority ion concentration and by applying new heating schemes such as three-ion heating. Although some of the methods have been previously studied on other devices, improving ICRF coupling by shifting the divertor strike point was tested on EAST for the first time. Quantitative characterization of these methods and the conclusions drawn from this study can provide important insights for achieving more efficient ICRF heating in current and future fusion machines.
The fire weather in Europe: large-scale trends towards higher danger
Authors: Hetzer Jessica , Forrest Matthew , Ribalaygua Jaime , Prado-López Carlos , Hickler Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The climate over Europe has been recorded to be hotter, drier, and more fire-prone over the last decade than ever before, leading to concerns about how climate change will alter fire weather in the future. A typical measure to estimate fire weather severity based on climate is the Canadian fire weather index (FWI). In this study, we used high-resolution, bias-corrected climate model output (∼9 km) from six CMIP6 climate models and four shared socio-economic pathway projections (SSPs) to calculate consistent and comparable daily FWI datasets for Europe from 1950 to 2080. Our study aims to identify regional and large-scale shifts in fire weather severity and its predictability over time to support adaptive planning. We show that irrespective of the future SSP, fire weather will become more severe, but the increase is much stronger under high greenhouse gas emissions. This leads to new areas being exposed to severe fire weather, such as central Europe and rapidly warming mountainous areas. Already fire-prone regions in southern Europe will experience more extreme conditions. We conclude that only the low-emission SSP1-2.6 pathway can prevent strong increases in fire weather beyond the 2050s. Fire surveillance and management will become more important, even in areas and in seasons where they have not been in the focus so far.
Lightning response to temperature and aerosols
Authors: Qie Xiushu , Yair Yoav , Di Shaoxuan , Huang Zifan , Jiang Rubin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Lightning has profound social implications for public safety and usually causes casualties and significant damage to infrastructure. Due to the advancement of both ground-based and spaceborne detection technology, lightning has been monitored globally in recent decades as an indicator of severe weather and an essential variable of climate change. This article reviews recent progress in the study of lightning variations and their response to temperature and aerosols, based on both spaceborne and ground-based lightning data. The responses of lightning to temperature and aerosol show large spatial and temporal heterogeneity, with relation to the meteorological and environmental conditions. The latest research show that lightning exhibited significant increase in some high altitude or high latitude regions, such as the Tibetan Plateau and Arctic regions, where undergone fast warming during the recent decades and the ecosystems is fragile. Aerosol particles play an important role in modulating lightning variations under certain dynamical and thermodynamic conditions in some regions, even on a global scale. The projected lightning activity will generally increase in the future but may with very few exceptions. Continuous long-term lightning observations with consistent spatial and temporal detection efficiency remain crucial for tracking the response of lightning to climate change in the coming decades.
Investigation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of large-tube forging manufactured by additive forging
Authors: Wang Bing , Zhang Hong-Lin , Xu Bin , Sun Ming-Yue , Li Dian-Zhong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Large-tube forgings were formed using nine layers of continuous-casting billet made from 15CrNi3MoV alloy steel via additive forging. The interfacial microstructural evolution under different hot-compression bonding temperatures and strains was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. The tensile properties of the hot-compression-bonded and tube-forged samples were also evaluated. The results showed that as the hot-compression bonding temperature and strain increased, the bonding interface gradually disappeared and the voids at the bonding interface closed. Finally, the interface was replaced with recrystallised grains. The tensile properties of the hot-compression-bonded samples at different temperatures and strains were identical. The tensile properties of the interface and base samples of the tube forging were comparable, and the fracture morphologies were consistent. The fracture position of the large tensile sample with a length of 1000 mm containing three original interfaces is the base, indicating the complete metallurgical bonding of the forging.
Socio-demographic patterning of urinary mono-ethyl phthalate levels among children and adults in the U.S. (1999–2018)
Authors: Husted Gabrielle , Cassels Susan , Ackert Elizabeth , Sweeney Stuart 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background. Phthalates are chemicals used to make plastics flexible and durable. They are found in clothes, varnishes, toys, pharmaceuticals, containers, and personal care products. Phthalates make their way into human bodies through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption, and the breakdown of them within bodies can be measured as phthalate metabolites in urine. They pervade all aspects of the environment and our bodies, contributing to negative health outcomes. Education, SES, and gender influence where people live (their built environment), time-use patterns, occupation, treatment at healthcare facilities, and purchasing patterns; all affect phthalate exposures, and therefore phthalate metabolites in urine are also likely to vary by socio-demographic characteristics. Objectives. To study how levels of mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) in urine samples of children and adults in the U S vary among key socio-demographic groups. We expect that disadvantaged groups will have the highest levels of phthalates. Methods. Using quantitative methods, we analyze levels of urinary MEP as a biomarker indicating exposure to phthalates. Within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999–2018) participants, we compare MEP levels across the following socio-demographic groups: age, gender, education, race/ethnicity, family income to poverty level, citizenship status. We use multivariate regression models to adjust results for differences in other factors that potentially influence MEP levels. Results. Historically disadvantaged groups—women, Non-Hispanic Blacks, Mexican Americans, Other Hispanics, and those with lower educational attainment—have higher predicted phthalate levels, even when holding all covariates that could be related to differences in phthalate levels by socio-demographic factors constant. Discussion. Our results suggest differences in socio-demographic factors could be leading to unequal exposures to phthalates and MEP excretions in their urine. This research contributes to understanding health experiences outside of clinical definitions, drawing attention to structural vulnerabilities and the way that environmental toxicants are embodied in individuals and populations.
An experimental investigation of process parameters on material removal and surface roughness improvement in abrasive flow machining
Authors: Om Hari , Singh Himmat , Vashishtha Govind 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
There is a huge demand for mechanical components with long life cycles and superior surface finishes as a result of the Industrial Revolution. Several methods for nano-finishing complex structures, including abrasive flow machining (AFM), have been developed in response to the need for superior surface finish. In AFM, abrasion only happens in locations where flow is restricted. This property makes AFM useful in polishing the interior, inaccessible cavities and recesses of the metallic parts using a semi-liquid paste. This paper focuses on investigating the impact of process parameters on material removal, and percentage improvement in surface roughness on cylindrical brass workpieces using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. The number of cycles, extrusion pressure, and grit size of abrasives have been selected as process parameters. The abrasive medium employed in this investigation is composed of a blend of polymer, hydrocarbon gel, and aluminium oxide abrasive particles with varying grit sizes. The minimum value of roughness after AFM has been achieved 4.25 microns, and the maximum %ΔRa has been achieved 28%. The number of cycles that have the largest percentage contribution to material removal was 83.74%. Whereas, the percentage contributions of the abrasive particle grit size and extrusion pressure are 2.03%, and 14.16%, respectively. N2P2G3 is the optimal level of process parameters used for material removal. Similarly, the number of cycles has the largest percentage contribution of 83.48% in surface roughness. Whereas extrusion pressure and grit size contribute 7.38%, and 8.88% in surface roughness. The optimal level of process parameters that have been attained in the case of surface roughness is N3P2G3.
Effect of applied load on wear of microwave sintered alumina-graphene ceramic composite material
Authors: Vandana K I Vishnu , Rajyalakshmi M , Ch Sri Chaitanya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The present work is mainly focussed on the preparation of alumina ceramic composite material reinforced with different weight proportions (wt%) of graphene ranging from 0.15 wt% to 0.45 wt% (with an interval of 0.1) and fabrication using microwave sintering method. Wear studies are performed on graphene reinforced alumina ceramic material samples using pin-on-disk apparatus at different loads of 5 N, 10 N, 15 N keeping speed of 0.8 m s−1 and sliding distance of 40 m constant. The obtained wear results are compared with wear performance of pure alumina samples which are prepared in the same condition. Wear tests even at higher load of 15 N revealed that the decrease in the wear rate of the ceramic composite samples reinforced with 0.35 wt% of grapheme is 35.14% and in the ceramic composite samples reinforced with 0.45 wt% of graphene is 34.85% when compared with the wear rate of samples prepared with pure alumina. The effect of different wt%s of graphene on wear properties of prepared ceramic composites is studied through SEM analysis, and observed that the abrasive wear phenomenon is found to be the dominant wear mechanism.
Supporting farmers in coping with water extremes: aligning farmer needs and advisor confidence, skills, and expertise
Authors: Schattman Rachel E , Malacarne Jonathan , Mallory Ellen B , Goossen Caleb P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Temperate regions, where water supply has not historically been a limiting factor in agriculture or other industries, are expected to face new challenges related to water availability and use. It is important to investigate the gap between farmers’ need for professional support around water management and the services that agricultural advisors can provide. Needs assessments generally consider one of these topics or the other, though we suggest a deeper understanding of the two together is called for. Here, we report on a farmer survey conducted in the state of Maine in the United States (n = 174) and a survey of agricultural advisors conducted in twelve northeastern states (n = 381). By comparing two investigations, we find (a) opportunities for outreach programs both targeted towards the needs of specific agricultural sectors, and (b) professional development topics for agricultural advisors to close the gap between current capacity in the region and farmer needs. Based on these results, we suggest a framework informed by theories of social learning for targeted outreach. We propose that this approach can serve as a model for moving forward with program development in agricultural services into the future, both in the United States and around the world.
Enforcing intra-EU ICSID arbitration awards in a post-Achmea world in Europe: could the European Court of Human Rights assist in resolving the deadlock?
Authors: Knoebel Ceyda , Collins Stephanie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
When, at the enforcement stage, a European Union (‘EU’) Member State’s national court refuses to recognize and/or enforce a final intra-EU arbitration award rendered as per the ICSID Convention on the basis of the Court of Justice of the EU (‘CJEU’)’s decision in Slowakische Republik v Achmea BV, the right to the peaceful enjoyment of possessions, guaranteed by article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (‘A1P1’) of the European Convention on Human Rights (the ‘ECHR’), may be infringed. This article explores that issue. First, and by way of context, it explains the development of the so-called ‘intra-EU objection’ in the context of investor–State arbitration, culminating in the CJEU’s seminal ruling in Achmea and its progenies. Second, it provides an overview of various efforts to enforce intra-EU awards post-Achmea, focusing on ICSID Convention awards that have cleared any post-award remedies under the Convention, and how national courts have approached this. Third, it details how A1P1 of the ECHR might apply to the non-enforcement of intra-EU ICSID awards—engaging in a detailed analysis of the tests that would be applied by the European Court of Human Rights in such an instance. Finally, it discusses the potential remedy before the Court and the consequences for a finding of violation. While this article is focused on final and enforceable ICSID Convention awards, the analysis may be relevant to other intra-EU enforcement scenarios, subject to the specific factual circumstances in those scenarios.
The Prevalence and Histological Characteristics of the Double Capsule Phenomenon in Breast Augmentation With Implants
Authors: Eiler Frydshou Bak Erik , Larsen Andreas , Kongsmark Weltz Tim , Jørgensen Mads Gustaf , Ørholt Mathias , Mandrup Timmermann Adam , Birch Mathisen Sif , Aydin Dogu , Frøkjær Ulrik Anders , Boldt Strålman Kristina , Nejrup Hemmingsen Mathilde , Vester-Glowinski Peter Viktor , Herly Mikkel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Double capsule formation around breast implants is associated with implant rotation and seroma. However, the prevalence and histological characteristics remain unclear.

Objectives
The goal of this study was to quantify the prevalence of double capsule formation of different implant surface textures and explore the histological differences between the inner and outer capsules of breast implant capsule biopsies.

Methods
The study was performed with data from the Copenhagen Breast Implant Biobank, comparing the prevalence of double capsule formation around Allergan Biocell implants, Eurosilicone Cristalline implants, and Mentor Siltex implants. The histological characteristics of the inner and outer capsules were analyzed with a validated assessment tool.

Results
The study included data from 588 patients and 1128 implants. Double capsule formation was found around 25 implants resulting in an overall prevalence of 2.3%. Mentor implants with a Siltex surface had a double capsule prevalence of 0.72%, which was significantly lower than the prevalence for Allergan implants with a Biocell surface (7.8%; P &lt; .001), and Eurosilicone implants with a Cristalline surface (3.4%; P = .03). Histological analysis showed that inner capsules had lower cellular density (P = .04) and were more calcified (P = .03) compared with outer capsules.

Conclusions
The risk of double capsule formation was highly correlated with the roughness of the breast implant texture, with the risk of double capsule formation around Mentor Siltex implants being significantly lower than that of macrotextured implants. The histological analysis implies that loss of vascularization to the inner capsule results in a lower cellular density and more frequent calcification.

Level of Evidence: 3
MetaboLink: a web application for streamlined processing and analysis of large-scale untargeted metabolomics data
Authors: Mendes Ana , Havelund Jesper Foged , Lemvig Jonas , Schwämmle Veit , Færgeman Nils J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The post-processing and analysis of large-scale untargeted metabolomics data face significant challenges due to the intricate nature of correction, filtration, imputation, and normalization steps. Manual execution across various applications often leads to inefficiencies, human-induced errors, and inconsistencies within the workflow.

Results
Addressing these issues, we introduce MetaboLink, a novel web application designed to process LC-MS metabolomics datasets combining established methodologies and offering flexibility and ease of implementation. It offers visualization options for data interpretation, an interface for statistical testing, and integration with PolySTest for further tests and with VSClust for clustering analysis.

Availability and implementation
Fully functional tool is publicly available at https://computproteomics.bmb.sdu.dk/Metabolomics/. The source code is available at https://github.com/anitamnd/MetaboLink and a detailed description of the app can be found at https://github.com/anitamnd/MetaboLink/wiki. A tutorial video can be found at https://youtu.be/ZM6j10S6Z8Q.
A layered titanate nanowire helps Pt/TiO2 photocatalyst for solar hydrogen evolution from water with high quantum efficiency
Authors: Tahawy Rafat , Esmat Mohamed , El-Hosainy Hamza , Farghaly Fatma E , Abdel-Aal El-Sayed A , El-Hosiny Fouad I , Ide Yusuke 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Research into TiO2 photocatalysts for solar H2 evolution from water is still growing for environmentally benign and economically valid H2 production. Herein, in contrast to much research on the modification of TiO2 toward higher photocatalytic activities, we develop a photocatalytically inactive TiO2-based nanostructure and use it, like graphene, as a booster of a benchmark TiO2. A layered potassium titanate with two-dimensional plate-like particle morphology was converted to the corresponding one-dimensional nanowire form via a hydrothermal reaction, after which the layered potassium titanate nanowire was acid-treated to obtain a layered titanate nanowire. This nanowire was completely inactive toward H2 evolution from water containing methanol under solar simulator irradiation. However, when Pt nanoparticle-loaded P25 TiO2 (Pt/P25) was mixed with a considerably smaller amount of the layered titanate nanowire in water, a durable composite was obtained and the composite showed a good photocatalytic activity three times higher than Pt/P25. The apparent quantum efficiency of the reaction at a wavelength of 350 nm was 56%, which was higher than or comparable to those of the state-of-the-art TiO2-based photocatalysts. The possible reason for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the Pt/P25 and layered titanate nanowire composite involved the transfer of photogenerated holes from Pt/P25 to the nanowire to suppress charge recombination and/or disaggregation (improved dispersion) of Pt/P25 particles on the nanowire.
Bioengineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: emerging strategies for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Liu Lihua , Liu Dewu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Diabetic wounds are among the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and their healing process can be delayed due to persistent inflammatory reactions, bacterial infections, damaged vascularization and impaired cell proliferation, which casts a blight on patients’health and quality of life. Therefore, new strategies to accelerate diabetic wound healing are being positively explored. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exos) can inherit the therapeutic and reparative abilities of stem cells and play a crucial role in diabetic wound healing. However, poor targeting, low concentrations of therapeutic molecules, easy removal from wounds and limited yield of MSC-Exos are challenging for clinical applications. Bioengineering techniques have recently gained attention for their ability to enhance the efficacy and yield of MSC-Exos. In this review, we summarise the role of MSC-Exos in diabetic wound healing and focus on three bioengineering strategies, namely, parental MSC-Exos engineering, direct MSC-Exos engineering and MSC-Exos combined with biomaterials. Furthermore, the application of bioengineered MSC-Exos in diabetic wound healing is reviewed. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of bioengineered MSC-Exos, providing new insights into the exploration of therapeutic strategies.