bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indwelling intrathecal catheter with subcutaneous abdominal reservoir: a viable baclofen delivery system in severely cachectic patients
Authors: Waqar Mueez , Ellenbogen Jonathan R. , Kumar Ram , Sneade Christine , Zebian Bassel , Williams Dawn , Pettorini Benedetta L. 
Published: August 2014

Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is a reversible treatment that reduces muscle tone to ameliorate spasticity and dystonia in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). The resulting decrease in energy expenditure allows patients to gain much-needed weight, albeit temporarily. Modern techniques require sufficient abdominal musculature and subcutaneous fat to permit the implantation of an indwelling pump. In patients with extremely low muscle bulk, visceral pumps may be impractical or impossible, with increased risks of dehiscence and infection. The authors describe a variation of the classical procedure in a young patient with severe cachexia.
A 10-year-old boy with spastic-dystonic quadriplegic CP was admitted to the neuromedical unit. Numerous drug trials had failed, and surgical intervention was deemed necessary but was complicated by his cachectic body habitus. The authors inserted a lumbar intrathecal catheter and subcutaneously tunneled it to the anterolateral abdomen, where it was connected to a subcutaneous injection port. Baclofen was continuously infused into the subcutaneous port using a noncoring needle connected to an external pump. The needle and line were changed every 5 days to minimize the risk of sepsis.
Although other techniques, such as intraventricular baclofen delivery, have been described, these are largely dependent upon sufficient musculature to support a visceral pump. A subcutaneous injection port system represents an alternative approach that reduces the risk of sepsis and may be better tolerated in cachectic patients.
Effect of craniovertebral decompression on CSF dynamics in Chiari malformation Type I studied with computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Linge Svein O. , Mardal Kent-A. , Helgeland Anders , Heiss John D. , Haughton Victor 
Published: August 2014

Object
The effect of craniovertebral decompression surgery on CSF flow dynamics in patients with Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) has been incompletely characterized. The authors used computational fluid dynamics to calculate the effect of decompression surgery on CSF flow dynamics in the posterior fossa and upper cervical spinal canal.

Methods
Oscillatory flow was simulated in idealized 3D models of the normal adult and the CM-I subarachnoid spaces (both previously described) and in 3 models of CM-I post–craniovertebral decompressions. The 3 postoperative models were created from the CM model by virtually modifying the CM model subarachnoid space to simulate surgical decompressions of different magnitudes. Velocities and pressures were computed with the Navier-Stokes equations in Star-CD for multiple cycles of CSF flow oscillating at 80 cycles/min. Pressure gradients and velocities were compared for 8 levels extending from the posterior fossa to the C3–4 level. Relative pressures and peak velocities were plotted by level from the posterior fossa to C3–4. The heterogeneity of flow velocity distribution around the spinal cord was compared between models.

Results
Peak systolic velocities were generally lower in the postoperative models than in the preoperative CM model. With the 2 larger surgical defects, peak systolic velocities were brought closer to normal model velocities (equal values at C-3 and C-4) than with the smallest surgical defect. For the smallest defect, peak velocities were decreased, but not to levels in the normal model. In the postoperative models, heterogeneity in flow velocity distribution around the spinal cord increased from normal model levels as the degree of decompression increased.
Pressures in the 5 models differed in magnitude and in pattern. Pressure gradients along the spinal canal in the normal and CM models were nonlinear, with steeper gradients below C3–4 than above. The CM model had a steeper pressure gradient than the normal model above C3–4 and the same gradient below. The postoperative models had lower pressure gradients than the CM model above C2–3. The most conservative decompression had lower pressure gradients than the normal model above C2–3. The two larger decompression defects had CSF pressure gradients below those in the normal model above C2–3. These 2 models had a less steep gradient above C-3 and a steeper gradient below.

Conclusions
In computer simulations, craniovertebral surgical defects generally diminished CSF velocities and CSF pressures.
Situation und Anliegen der Waldeigentümer – einige Gedanken (Essay)
Authors: Brunner Markus 
Published: August 2014

Situation and concerns of forest owners - some notions (essay)
The swiss forest economy is expecting huge challenges due to major changes in national and international circumstances. The main task in future time will be to combine proven traditions and principles with new and probably massif changes in an optimized way. We must be aware of the fact that some existing methods of forest management and sylviculture will eventually have to be adapted in a quite extensive and fundamental way. Swiss forest land owners must be recognized again as the main actors and the most important stakeholder concerning forest matters. There has been a very long period of reducing forest owners property rights and liberty of action, this process has to be stopped now. The increasing demand for existing and new non-wood forest products and services and for further limitations in forest management must be satisfied increasingly on a voluntarely basis (product selling, service agreements), rather than by tightening up the forest and other forest-related laws. The well-known «wake theory» in Swiss forest economy doesn't work anymore in its traditional form.
Une mise en scène de la justice royale du premier Bourbon : la cérémonie du « théâtre de justice » de Mantes de 1594 pour la condamnation des meurtriers d’Henri III
Authors: Mercier Mathieu 
Published: August 2014

Depuis l’assassinat de son époux le roi de France Henri III en 1589, Louise de Lorraine ne cesse de réclamer la justice à son successeur Henri IV. Ce dernier, qui tente de conquérir par les armes son royaume divisé par la dernière guerre de Religion, organise alors une cérémonie unique dans l’histoire du cérémonial français : le théâtre de justice à Mantes en 1594. Inutile sur le plan judiciaire, en l’absence des accusés, cette manifestation est avant tout une réponse grandiloquente aux manifestations de la Ligue dans la capitale toujours révoltée. Elle permet de plus à Louise d’extérioriser une douleur toute baroque et d’engager publiquement, mais en vain, le nouveau souverain dans la poursuite des régicides, et au premier Bourbon de légitimer son statut et de s’afficher en roi justicier.
Critical Care Nurse Work Environments 2013: A Status Report
Authors: Ulrich Beth T. , Lavandero Ramón , Woods Dana , Early Sean 
Published: August 2014

Background
The health of critical care nurse work environments has been shown to affect patient care outcomes as well as the job satisfaction and retention of registered nurses. The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Critical Care Nurse Work Environment Survey was first conducted in 2006 following the release of the AACN Standards for Establishing and Sustaining a Healthy Work Environment and was conducted again in 2008. This article reports the results of the third AACN Critical Care Nurse Work Environment Survey conducted in 2013.

Objective
To evaluate the current state of critical care nurse work environments.

Methods
A total of 8444 AACN members and constituents responded to an online survey.

Results
The overall health of critical care nurses’ work environments has declined since 2008, as have nurses’ perceptions of the quality of care. Respondents rated their overall work environment and factors associated with healthy work environments including quality of patient care, staffing, communication and collaboration, respect, physical and mental safety, moral distress, nursing leadership, support for certification and continuing education, meaningful recognition, job satisfaction, and career plans. Although some factors improved, declines in any factors are a concern.

Conclusions
An increasing body of evidence has shown relationships between healthy nurse work environments and patient outcomes. The results of this 2013 survey identified areas in which the health of critical care nurse work environments needs attention and care, requiring the relentless true collaboration of everyone involved.
Interventions to improve or facilitate linkage to or retention in pre‐ART (HIV) care and initiation of ART in low‐ and middle‐income settings – a systematic review
Authors: Govindasamy Darshini , Meghij Jamilah , Negussi Eyerusalem Kebede , Baggaley Rachel Clare , Ford Nathan , Kranzer Katharina 
Published: August 2014

IntroductionSeveral approaches have been taken to reduce pre‐antiretroviral therapy (ART) losses between HIV testing and ART initiation in low‐ and middle‐income countries, but a systematic assessment of the evidence has not yet been undertaken. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the potential for interventions to improve or facilitate linkage to or retention in pre‐ART care and initiation of ART in low‐ and middle‐income settings.MethodsAn electronic search was conducted on Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science and conference databases to identify studies describing interventions aimed at improving linkage to or retention in pre‐ART care or initiation of ART. Additional searches were conducted to identify on‐going trials on this topic, and experts in the field were contacted. An assessment of the risk of bias was conducted. Interventions were categorized according to key domains in the existing literature.ResultsA total of 11,129 potentially relevant citations were identified, of which 24 were eligible for inclusion, with the majority (n=21) from sub‐Saharan Africa. In addition, 15 on‐going trials were identified. The most common interventions described under key domains included: health system interventions (i.e. integration in the setting of antenatal care); patient convenience and accessibility (i.e. point‐of‐care CD4 count (POC) testing with immediate results, home‐based ART initiation); behaviour interventions and peer support (i.e. improved communication, patient referral and education) and incentives (i.e. food support). Several interventions showed favourable outcomes: integration of care and peer supporters increased enrolment into HIV care, medical incentives increased pre‐ART retention, POC CD4 testing and food incentives increased completion of ART eligibility screening and ART initiation. Most studies focused on the general adult patient population or pregnant women. The majority of published studies were observational cohort studies, subject to an unclear risk of bias.ConclusionsFindings suggest that streamlining services to minimize patient visits, providing adequate medical and peer support, and providing incentives may decrease attrition, but the quality of the current evidence base is low. Few studies have investigated combined interventions, or assessed the impact of interventions across the HIV cascade. Results from on‐going trials investigating POC CD4 count testing, patient navigation, rapid ART initiation and mobile phone technology may fill the quality of evidence gap. Further high‐quality studies on key population groups are required, with interventions informed by previously reported barriers to care.
General qPCR and Plate Reader Methods for Rapid Optimization of Membrane Protein Purification and Crystallization Using Thermostability Assays
Authors: Tomasiak Thomas M. , Pedersen Bjørn P. , Chaudhary Sarika , Rodriguez Andrew , Colmanares Yaneth Robles , Roe‐Zurz Zygy , Thamminana Sobha , Tessema Meseret , Stroud Robert M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis unit describes rapid and generally applicable methods to identify conditions that stabilize membrane proteins using temperature‐based denaturation measurements as a proxy for target time‐dependent stability. Recent developments with thiol‐reactive dyes sensitive to the unmasking of cysteine residues upon protein unfolding have allowed for routine application of thermostability assays to systematically evaluate the stability of membrane protein preparations after various purification procedures. Test conditions can include different lipid cocktails, lipid‐detergent micelles, pH, salts, osmolytes, and potential active‐site ligands. Identification and use of conditions that stabilize the structure have proven successful in enabling the structure determination of numerous families of membrane proteins that otherwise were intractable. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 77:29.11.1‐29.11.14 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sensitivity of ocean oxygenation to variations in tropical zonal wind stress magnitude
Authors: Ridder Nina N. , England Matthew H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOcean oxygenation has been observed to have changed over the past few decades and is projected to change further under global climate change due to an interplay of several mechanisms. In this study we isolate the effect of modified tropical surface wind stress conditions on the evolution of ocean oxygenation in a numerical climate model. We find that ocean oxygenation varies inversely with low‐latitude surface wind stress. Approximately one third of this response is driven by sea surface temperature anomalies; the remaining two thirds result from changes in ocean circulation and marine biology. Global mean O2 concentration changes reach maximum values of +4 μM and −3.6 μM in the two most extreme perturbation cases of −30% and +30% wind change, respectively. Localized changes lie between +92 μM under 30% reduced winds and −56 μM for 30% increased winds. Overall, we find that the extent of the global low‐oxygen volume varies with the same sign as the wind perturbation; namely, weaker winds reduce the low‐oxygen volume on the global scale and vice versa for increased trade winds. We identify two regions, one in the Pacific Ocean off Chile and the other in the Indian Ocean off Somalia, that are of particular importance for the evolution of oxygen minimum zones in the global ocean.
Low‐temperature thermochronologic record of Eocene migmatite dome emplacement and late Cenozoic landscape development, Shuswap core complex, British Columbia
Authors: Toraman Erkan , Teyssier Christian , Whitney Donna L. , Fayon Annia K. , Thomson Stuart N. , Reiners Peter W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractExhumed mid‐to‐lower crustal rocks offer an opportunity to determine the mechanisms, conditions, timing, and consequences of the ascent of hot rocks from deep to shallow crustal levels. We used results of low‐T thermochronology (zircon and apatite (U‐Th)/He, apatite fission track) to document the very shallow emplacement (<2 km) of high‐grade metamorphic rocks and to determine the timing and rates of Cenozoic cooling, exhumation, and subsequent incision of the Thor‐Odin migmatite dome of the Shuswap metamorphic core complex, British Columbia (Canada). Samples collected at high elevation in the dome (>1800 m) have preserved Eocene fission‐track ages and evidence of rapid cooling (≥60°C/Myr). This Eocene cooling event corresponds to rapid exhumation by upward flow of partially molten crust and final exhumation by detachment faulting. Samples collected below 1800 m in elevation display a wide range of apatite fission track ages (43–15 Ma) and track length distributions that reflect prolonged residence in the apatite partial annealing zone. These age‐elevation relations imply that the dome rocks reached the near surface (<2 km) during initial upward flow and tectonic exhumation in the Eocene and that little erosion of the Eocene surface has occurred since that time. Thermal modeling of the lowest elevation samples (≤ ~600 m) and intrasample apatite (U‐Th)/He age variations reveal enhanced erosion and relief production at the onset of continental glaciations at ~3 Ma. Our work illustrates the dynamic links between deep and shallow crustal processes and the evolution of topography in a deeply incised hot orogen.
Lunar tide contribution to thermosphere weather
Authors: Zhang Jesse T. , Forbes Jeffrey M. , Zhang Casey H. , Doornbos Eelco , Bruinsma Sean L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAs the utilization of low‐Earth orbit increases, so does the need for improved ephemeris predictions and thus more accurate density models. In this paper we quantify the density variability of the thermosphere attributable to the lunar gravitational tide, a potentially predictable component of variability not included in any operational density prediction models to date. Using accelerometer measurements from the GOCE satellite near 260 km altitude, the level of lunar tidal density variability is shown to be about half that associated with the low level of geomagnetic variability that occurs about 75% of the time (Kp ≤ 3), thus constituting an element of “space weather.” Our conclusion is that the lunar tide ought to be considered for inclusion in contemporary density models of the thermosphere for operational ephemeris predictions. Some suggested first steps are included in the conclusions of this paper.
Molecular Typing ofBorrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Wang Guiqing , Liveris Dionysios , Mukherjee Priyanka , Jungnick Sabrina , Margos Gabriele , Schwartz Ira 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato is a group of spirochetes belonging to the genusBorreliain the family of Spirochaetaceae. The spirochete is transmitted between reservoirs and hosts by ticks of the family Ixodidae. Infection withB. burgdorferiin humans causes Lyme disease or Lyme borreliosis. Currently, 20 Lyme disease‐associatedBorreliaspecies and more than 20 relapsing fever‐associatedBorreliaspecies have been described. Identification and differentiation of differentBorreliaspecies and strains is largely dependent on analyses of their genetic characteristics. A variety of molecular techniques have been described forBorreliaisolate speciation, molecular epidemiology, and pathogenicity studies. In this unit, we focus on three basic protocols, PCR‐RFLP‐based typing of therrs‐rrlAandrrfA‐rrlBribosomal spacer,ospCtyping, and MLST. These protocols can be employed alone or in combination for characterization ofB. burgdorferiisolates or directly on uncultivated organisms in ticks, mammalian host reservoirs, and human clinical specimens.Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 34:12C.1‐12C.31. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Palladium‐Catalyzed CP Cross‐Coupling of Arylhydrazines with H‐Phosphonates via CN Bond Cleavage
Authors: Xu Wentao , Hu Gaobo , Xu Pengxiang , Gao Yuxing , Yin Yingwu , Zhao Yufen 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA novel and efficient methodology that allows for the construction of CP bonds via the palladium‐catalyzed oxygen‐based oxidative cross‐coupling of various arylhydrazines with H‐phosphonates leading to valuable arylphosphonates has been developed with the use of O2 as the green oxidant; the method has broad substrate applicability and furnishes good to excellent yields. This protocol is the first example of a transition metal‐catalyzed CP bond formation between arylhydrazines and H‐phosphonates via unactivated aryl CN bond cleavage.magnified image
Environmental Friendly Pulping of Kenaf Using Monoethanolamine: Influence of the Process Variables on the Strength Properties
Authors: Habashi Masoud Ghahremani , Hedjazi Sahab , Ashori Alireza , Abdulkhani Ali 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn this work, monoethanolamine (MEA), an organosolv material, was used as an environmentally friendly process for kenaf whole‐stem pulping. The pulping trials were carried out using MEA and MEA‐anthraquinone (MEA‐AQ) methods and the soda‐AQ process as reference. The operating conditions such as the composition of the cooking liquor, the maximum cooking temperature and the cooking time, and a solid/liquor ratio during the pulping process were investigated systematically to establish optimal pulping conditions. The optimum cooking conditions for MEA pulping were 75% MEA concentration, 90‐min cooking time, 160°C cooking temperature, 0.1% AQ, and liquor/kenaf ratio of 4/1. The laboratory‐scale experimental results indicated that this pulping process is particularly well suited for the pulping of kenaf, where the whole stem was delignified to a low kappa number value of 19.8 and the pulp yield of 55.1%. This newly developed pulping process provided a high tensile, tear, and burst indices of 19.8 N·m/g, 5.9 mN·m2/g, and 1.43 kPa·m2/g, respectively. In addition, MEA‐AQ kenaf whole‐stem pulp showed superior mechanical properties in comparison with MEA and soda‐AQ pulp. MEA‐AQ pulping is a good alternative to soda‐AQ pulping to produce high yield pulp with high strength from kenaf whole stem.
Studies on Bismaleamic Acids Cured Tetrafunctional Epoxy Resin of Bisphenol‐C and Glass‐Epoxy Composites
Authors: Patel Jignesh P. , Bhatt Ritesh D. , Parsania Parsotam H. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe tetrafunctional epoxy resin of bisphenol‐C was cured using bismaleamic acids of maleicanhydride and 4,4'‐diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4'‐diaminodiphenylether, and 4,4'‐diaminodiphenylmethane and characterized by infrared, differential scanning calorimetric, and thermogravimetric analysis. Cured resins showed endothermic transition at about 229–248°C, which supplemented decomposition reactions. Cured resins are thermally stable up to about 200–230°C and followed two‐step decomposition reactions. A 34–56% residue at 600°C supplemented the formation of highly thermally stable cross‐linked products. Glass composites showed 133–153 MPa tensile strength, 223–290 MPa flexural strength, 7520–8015 MPa flexural modulus, 33–38 kg m−2 impact strength, 37–40 Barcol hardness, 8.3–12.3 kV mm−1 electric strength, 8.9 × 1012 to 4.2 × 1014 ohm cm volume resistivity, and 13–14% water absorption. Good thermal, mechanical and electrical properties and excellent hydrolytic stability of the glass composites signify their industrial importance for low load bearing housing, electrical, and marine applications.
Neurodevelopment in new‐onset juvenile myoclonic epilepsy over the first 2 years
Authors: Lin Jack J. , Dabbs Kevin , Riley Jeffrey D. , Jones Jana E. , Jackson Daren C. , Hsu David A. , Stafstrom Carl E. , Seidenberg Michael , Hermann Bruce P. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveAdults with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) have subtle brain structural abnormalities in the frontothalamocortical network, poorer cognitive function, and worse long‐term social outcomes, even when their seizures are controlled and/or remitted. The natural history of JME and development of abnormalities in brain structure and cognition from epilepsy onset has not been studied.MethodsThe maturational trajectories of cognitive and brain development were prospectively compared between 19 children with new‐onset JME in the first 2 years after diagnosis and 57 healthy controls.ResultsCognitive abilities of children with JME were similar to or worse than healthy controls at baseline but failed to reach the competence level of healthy controls at follow‐up across most of the tested cognitive abilities. Abnormal patterns of brain development, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging studies, were evident in children with JME and included attenuation of age‐related decline in cortical volume, thickness, and surface area compared to typically developing children. The altered brain developmental trajectory in the JME group was evident in higher‐association frontoparietotemporal brain regions (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons).InterpretationChildren with JME have abnormal structural brain development and impaired cognitive development early in the course of their epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2014;76:660–668