bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing Men, Changing Times – Fathers and Sons from an Experimental Gender Equality Study
Authors: Bjørnholt Margunn 
Published: April 2014

The aim of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for addressing intergenerational transmission, historical change and agency. The framework will be employed to analyse the findings from a longitudinal follow-up study over two generations of men, where couples from Norway participated in an experimental research study, the Work-Sharing Couples Project, which aimed to promote egalitarian work-family adaptations in the early 1970s. The original study was based on both spouses working part-time and shift parenting. The follow-up study concluded that the untraditional work-family arrangement had not been passed on to the sons. The article develops a multidimensional analysis of the work-family adaptations of men in two generations: the untraditional adaptation of fathers in the 1970s; and the neo-traditional adaptations of sons in the 2000s. In developing a four-dimensional approach to intergenerational transmission and social change, the article contributes to the study of intergenerational transmission through the comparison of situated agency in different generations and time/ spaces. Taking into account different aspects of time and space, personal biography, discursive and material structures of opportunity, and intergenerational dynamics at the family level as well as at social level, the article contributes to theorizing longitudinal qualitative research by linking the micro-level to the macro-level.
Using the Essential Oil of Aloysia triphylla (L'Her.) Britton to Sedate Silver Catfish (Rhamdia quelen) during Transport Improved the Chemical and Sensory Qualities of the Fish during Storage in Ice
Authors: Daniel Ana Paula , Veeck Ana Paula L. , Klein Bruna , Ferreira Lauren F. , da Cunha Mauro A. , Parodi Thaylise V. , Zeppenfeld Carla C. , Schmidt Denise , Caron Braulio O. , Heinzmann Berta M. , Baldisserotto Bernardo , Emanuelli Tatiana 
Published: April 2014

AbstractExposure of silver catfish to 40 μL/L of the essential oil of Aloysia triphylla (AT) during in vivo transport delayed the onset and resolution of rigor mortis as well as the degradation of IMP into HxR compared to the control. The fish that were treated with 30 or 40 μL/L of AT received lower sensory demerit scores after 10 d of storage in ice compared to the control, and the fish that were treated with 40 μL/L of AT had a longer sensory shelf life than did the control. These results indicated that using AT as a sedative in the water in which the silver catfish were transported extended their freshness and increased their shelf life during refrigerated storage.
Applicability of the NANDA‐I and Nursing Interventions Classification Taxonomies to Mental Health Nursing Practice
Authors: Thomé Emi da Silva , Centena Renata Cardoso , Behenck Andressa da Silva , Marini Maiko , Heldt Elizeth 
Published: April 2014

PurposeTo assess the applicability of the systematization of nursing care (NCS) to outpatient nursing appointments using the NANDA‐I and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) taxonomies.MethodsData were collected from 40 patients who had appointments with a nurse who specialized in mental health. Nursing diagnoses (NDs) and interventions were classified using the NANDA‐I and NIC taxonomies, respectively.FindingsA total of 14 different NDs were detected (minimum of one and maximum of three per appointment). The most frequently made diagnoses were impaired social interaction (00052), anxiety (00146), and ineffective self‐health management (00078). A total of 23 nursing interventions were prescribed (approximately two per appointment), of which the most frequent were socialization enhancement (5100), self‐care assistance (1800), and exercise promotion (0200). Significant associations were found between the most frequently detected NDs and the most commonly prescribed interventions (p > .05).ConclusionsThe NCS through the use of classification systems allows mental health nurses to better identify and assist poorly adjusted patients.Implications for Nursing PracticeThe assessment of the applicability of the NCS to different areas of health care and types of medical assistance contributes significantly to the quality of nursing care.
Revisiting CFTR inhibition: a comparative study of CFTRinh‐172 and GlyH‐101 inhibitors
Authors: Melis N , Tauc M , Cougnon M , Bendahhou S , Giuliano S , Rubera I , Duranton C 
Published: April 2014

Background and PurposeFor decades, inhibitors of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel have been used as tools to investigate the role and function of CFTR conductance in cystic fibrosis research. In the early 2000s, two new and potent inhibitors of CFTR, CFTRinh‐172 and GlyH‐101, were described and are now widely used to inhibit specifically CFTR. However, despite some evidence, the effects of both drugs on other types of Cl−‐conductance have been overlooked. In this context, we explore the specificity and the cellular toxicity of both inhibitors in CFTR‐expressing and non–CFTR‐expressing cells.Experimental ApproachUsing patch‐clamp technique, we tested the effects of CFTRinh‐172 and GlyH‐101 inhibitors on three distinct types of Cl− currents: the CFTR‐like conductance, the volume‐sensitive outwardly rectifying Cl− conductance (VSORC) and finally the Ca2+‐dependent Cl− conductance (CaCC). We also explored the effect of both inhibitors on cell viability using live/dead and cell proliferation assays in two different cell lines.Key ResultsWe confirmed that these two compounds were potent inhibitors of the CFTR‐mediated Cl− conductance. However,GlyH‐101 also inhibited the VSORC conductance and the CaCC at concentrations used to inhibit CFTR. The CFTRinh‐172 did not affect the CaCC but did inhibit the VSORC, at concentrations higher than 5 µM. Neither inhibitor (20 µM; 24 h exposure) affected cell viability, but both were cytotoxic at higher concentrations.Conclusions and ImplicationsBoth inhibitors affected Cl− conductances apart from CFTR. Our results provided insights into their use in mouse models.
Modulation of imidazoline I2 binding sites by CR4056 relieves postoperative hyperalgesia in male and female rats
Authors: Lanza Marco , Ferrari Flora , Menghetti Ilaria , Tremolada Dario , Caselli Gianfranco 
Published: April 2014

Background and PurposeCR4056 is a novel imidazoline‐2 (I2) ligand exhibiting potent analgesic activity in animal models of pain. In this study, we investigated the effects of CR4056 in a well‐established model of postoperative pain where rats develop hyperalgesia in the injured hind paw.Experimental ApproachBy measuring paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical pressure, we studied the pharmacology of CR4056, potential sex differences in pain perception and response to treatment, and the pharmacodynamic interaction of CR4056 with morphine.Key ResultsOral CR4056 and subcutaneous morphine dose‐dependently reversed the hyperalgesic response. Analgesic effects of CR4056 were completely suppressed by the non‐selective imidazoline I2/α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan, were partially reduced (∼30%; P < 0.05) by the selective α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine, but were not influenced by the non‐selective I1/α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist efaroxan or by the μ opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. We found no differences in responses to CR4056 or morphine between male and female rats. However, females had a lower pain threshold than males, and needed lower doses of drugs to reach a significant analgesia. When CR4056 and morphine were combined, their median effective doses were lower than expected for additive effects, both in males and in females. Isobolographic analysis confirmed a synergism between CR4056 and morphine.Conclusions and ImplicationsCR4056 is a novel pharmacological agent under development for postoperative pain both as stand‐alone treatment and in association with morphine. CR4056 has successfully completed Phase I studies for tolerability and pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers, and is currently entering the first proof‐of‐concept study in patients.
Reconceptualizing sex, brain and psychopathology: interaction, interaction, interaction
Authors: Joel D , Yankelevitch‐Yahav R 
Published: April 2014

In recent years there has been a growing recognition of the influence of sex on brain structure and function, and in relation, on the susceptibility, prevalence and response to treatment of psychiatric disorders. Most theories and descriptions of the effects of sex on the brain are dominated by an analogy to the current interpretation of the effects of sex on the reproductive system, according to which sex is a divergence system that exerts a unitary, overriding and serial effect on the form of other systems. We shortly summarize different lines of evidence that contradict aspects of this analogy. The new view that emerges from these data is of sex as a complex system whose different components interact with one another and with other systems to affect body and brain. The paradigm shift that this understanding calls for is from thinking of sex in terms of sexual dimorphism and sex differences, to thinking of sex in terms of its interactions with other factors and processes. Our review of data obtained from animal models of psychopathology clearly reveals the need for such a paradigmatic shift, because in the field of animal behaviour whether a sex difference exists and its direction depend on the interaction of many factors including, species, strain, age, specific test employed and a multitude of environmental factors. We conclude by explaining how the new conceptualization can account for sex differences in psychopathology.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Animal Models in Psychiatry Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-20
Role of cyclooxygenase isoforms in the altered excitatory motor pathways of human colon with diverticular disease
Authors: Fornai M , Colucci R , Antonioli L , Ippolito C , Segnani C , Buccianti P , Marioni A , Chiarugi M , Villanacci V , Bassotti G , Blandizzi C , Bernardini N 
Published: April 2014

Background and PurposeThe COX isoforms (COX‐1, COX‐2) regulate human gut motility, although their role under pathological conditions remains unclear. This study examines the effects of COX inhibitors on excitatory motility in colonic tissue from patients with diverticular disease (DD).Experimental ApproachLongitudinal muscle preparations, from patients with DD or uncomplicated cancer (controls), were set up in organ baths and connected to isotonic transducers. Indomethacin (COX‐1/COX‐2 inhibitor), SC‐560 (COX‐1 inhibitor) or DFU (COX‐2 inhibitor) were assayed on electrically evoked, neurogenic, cholinergic and tachykininergic contractions, or carbachol‐ and substance P (SP)‐induced myogenic contractions. Distribution and expression of COX isoforms in the neuromuscular compartment were assessed by RT‐PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis.Key ResultsIn control preparations, neurogenic cholinergic contractions were enhanced by COX inhibitors, whereas tachykininergic responses were blunted. Carbachol‐evoked contractions were increased by indomethacin or SC‐560, but not DFU, whereas all inhibitors reduced SP‐induced motor responses. In preparations from DD patients, COX inhibitors did not affect electrically evoked cholinergic contractions. Both indomethacin and DFU, but not SC‐560, decreased tachykininergic responses. COX inhibitors did not modify carbachol‐evoked motor responses, whereas they counteracted SP‐induced contractions. COX‐1 expression was decreased in myenteric neurons, whereas COX‐2 was enhanced in glial cells and smooth muscle.Conclusions and ImplicationsIn control colon, COX‐1 and COX‐2 down‐regulate cholinergic motility, whereas both isoforms enhance tachykininergic motor activity. In the presence of DD, there is a loss of modulation by both COX isoforms on the cholinergic system, whereas COX‐2 displays an enhanced facilitatory control on tachykininergic contractile activity.
Effects of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide on voltage‐dependent sodium and calcium channels in rat ventricular myocytes
Authors: Al Kury Lina T , Voitychuk Oleg I , Yang Keun‐Hang Susan , Thayyullathil Faisal T , Doroshenko Petro , Ramez Ali M , Shuba Yaroslav M , Galadari Sehamuddin , Howarth Frank Christopher , Oz Murat 
Published: April 2014

Background and PurposeThe endocannabinoid anandamide (N‐arachidonoyl ethanolamide; AEA) exerts negative inotropic and antiarrhythmic effects in ventricular myocytes.Experimental ApproachWhole‐cell patch‐clamp technique and radioligand‐binding methods were used to analyse the effects of anandamide in rat ventricular myocytes.Key ResultsIn the presence of 1–10 μM AEA, suppression of both Na+ and L‐type Ca2+ channels was observed. Inhibition of Na+ channels was voltage and Pertussis toxin (PTX) – independent. Radioligand‐binding studies indicated that specific binding of [3H] batrachotoxin (BTX) to ventricular muscle membranes was also inhibited significantly by 10 μM metAEA, a non‐metabolized AEA analogue, with a marked decrease in Bmax values but no change in Kd. Further studies on L‐type Ca2+ channels indicated that AEA potently inhibited these channels (IC50 0.1 μM) in a voltage‐ and PTX‐independent manner. AEA inhibited maximal amplitudes without affecting the kinetics of Ba2+ currents. MetAEA also inhibited Na+ and L‐type Ca2+ currents. Radioligand studies indicated that specific binding of [3H]isradipine, was inhibited significantly by metAEA. (10 μM), changing Bmax but not Kd.Conclusion and ImplicationsResults indicate that AEA inhibited the function of voltage‐dependent Na+ and L‐type Ca2+ channels in rat ventricular myocytes, independent of CB1 and CB2 receptor activation.
Acetylated histones contribute to the immunostimulatory potential of neutrophil extracellular traps in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Pieterse E , Hofstra J , Berden J , Herrmann M , Dieker J , van der Vlag J 
Published: April 2014

Summary
In addition to disturbed apoptosis and insufficient clearance of apoptotic cells, there is recent evidence for a role of neutrophils in the aetiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In response to various stimuli, neutrophils can rapidly release DNA fibres decorated with citrullinated histones and anti-microbial peptides. These structures are referred to as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In addition to apoptotic cell-derived microparticles, these NETs may comprise a further source of autoantigens, able to drive the autoimmune response in SLE. Our group recently identified specific histone modifications occurring during apoptosis that play an important role in the autoimmune response in SLE. In the current study, we evaluated the presence and immunostimulatory potential of these previously identified histone modifications in NETs. Compared to NETs from healthy donors, the histones present in NETs formed by SLE-derived neutrophils contain increased amounts of acetylated and methylated residues, which we previously observed to be associated with apoptosis and SLE. Treatment of neutrophils with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA), prior to induction of NETosis, induced NETs containing hyperacetylated histones, endowed with an increased capacity to activate macrophages. This implies that specific histone modifications, in particular acetylation, might enhance the immunostimulatory potential of NETs in SLE.
Avoiding Re‐Inventing the Wheel in a People‐Centered Approach to REDD+
Authors: HOLMES IGNACIA , POTVIN CATHERINE 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOne important debate regarding Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) in developing countries concerns the manner in which its implementation might affect local and indigenous communities. New ways to implement this mechanism without harming the interests of local communities are emerging. To inform this debate, we conducted a qualitative research synthesis to identify best practices (BPs) from people‐centered approaches to conservation and rural development, developed indicators of BPs, and invited development practitioners and researchers in the field to assess how the identified BPs are being adopted by community‐level REDD+ projects in Latin America. BPs included: local participation in all phases of the project; project supported by a decentralized forest governance framework; project objectives matching community livelihood priorities; project addressing community development needs and expectations; project enhancing stakeholder collaboration and consensus building; project applying an adaptive management approach; and project developing national and local capacities. Most of the BPs were part of the evaluated projects. However, limitations of some of the projects related to decentralized forest governance, matching project objectives with community livelihood priorities, and addressing community development needs. Adaptive management and free and prior informed consent have been largely overlooked. These limitations could be addressed by integrating conservation outcomes and alternative livelihoods into longer‐term community development goals, testing nested forest governance approaches in which national policies support local institutions for forest management, gaining a better understanding of the factors that will make REDD+ more acceptable to local communities, and applying an adaptive management approach that allows for social learning and capacity building of relevant stakeholders. Our study provides a framework of BPs and indicators that could be used by stakeholders to improve REDD+ project design, monitoring, and evaluation, which may help reconcile national initiatives and local interests without reinventing the wheel.Evitar la Reinvención de la Rueda en un Acercamiento a REDD+ Centrado en Personas
Democracy and Islamist Violence: Lessons from Post‐Mubarak Egypt
Authors: Drevon Jérôme 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article explores the contentious relation between the absence of democracy in the Middle East and the use of armed violence by Islamist groups in light of the Arab Spring. Its main objective is to decipher the evolving positions of former and current groups who used or promoted violence and to relate them to broader academic debates on violence and democracy on the one hand, and deradicalization on the other. This research demonstrates that the large majority of former Islamist militants in Egypt reject any sort of violence in post‐Mubarak Egypt, even if they have not all renounced their religious legitimization of violence in the past. Second, it reveals that even if they maintain a religious opposition to democracy in Egypt, the opening of political opportunities and their progressive joining of the political process has favorably led most of them to accept democratic practices in reality. Third, it adds that the voice of those currently promoting violence in Egypt has been marginalized and that their main alternative has been the promotion of armed violence in Syria; and last, it stresses two potential security threats unrelated to the opening of political opportunities in post‐Mubarak Egypt and to the general debate on democracy and violence. First, local grievances in Sinai have led to violence in the past and are still to be dealt with. Second, the current political deadlock can potentially lead to localized and specific armed activities that could start a cycle of violence. This research is based on field research in Egypt and uses repeated interviews of leaders and members of the two main former militant groups, al‐Jama῾ah al‐Islamiyya (the Islamic Group) and Jama῾ al‐Jihad (the Jihad Group) as well as interviews with militants of the salafi jihadi trend and their supporters in Cairo.
Threat, Victimhood, and Peace: Debating the 2011 Palestinian UN State Membership Bid
Authors: Jaspal Rusi , Coyle Adrian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Israeli–Palestinian conflict has been described as one of the most intractable in the world. This article first provides an overview of the sociopolitical events that led up to the Palestinian UN state membership bid in September 2011, and second, as a case study, it examines how the Israeli–Palestinian conflict was constructed in speeches delivered by Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu regarding the state membership bid to the UN General Assembly in September 2011. Despite their opposing agendas, there are some significant discursive similarities in the two speeches. The most salient shared discourses concern that of in‐group victimhood on the one hand, and that of out‐group threat on the other. It is argued that the speeches dispel support for intergroup reconciliation between Israelis and Palestinians by aggravating grievances on both sides and accentuating intergroup suspicion. This article highlights the importance of examining political speeches in order to better understand the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
Incentives for the Iranian Chemical Boom: A Strategic Motivation or Applied Needs?
Authors: Tunemalm Anna‐Karin , Lind Per , Fazlhashemi Mohammad 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIran's scientific impact has suffered hard from decades of imposed and self‐elected isolation from Western influences and international collaboration. Lately, however, the world has witnessed a remarkable increase in scientific publications from Iranian scientists in fields like nanotechnology; material science; and, perhaps most pronounced, chemistry. In this article, the factors behind this “publication boom” are discussed and examined together with an analysis of the coherence between the country's long‐term research strategies and short‐term needs in relation to present organic chemical research conducted at various Iranian universities and institutes. Organic chemistry is a keystone in important Iranian industrial sectors like the petroleum and agricultural industries, and also in the growing field of life science and pharmacology. The development of the petroleum industry and further refinement of raw oil into value‐added fine chemicals holds a key position in the reinforcement of the Iranian economy and labor market, thus motivating a governmental investment in chemical science and research. Taking an approach to find a reasonable balance with the impact from Western and Far Eastern scientific communities, Iran's own scientific roots and Islamic ideology could well be the success factor in becoming a worthy player on the international scientific arena.
Effectiveness of an educational intervention of Physiotherapy in parents of children with haemophilia
Authors: Cuesta‐Barriuso R. , Torres‐Ortuño A. , López‐García M. , Nieto‐Munuera J. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryHaemophilia is a haematological disorder with an orthopaedic outcome. It requires not only medical but rather comprehensive care from infancy. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention of Physiotherapy in parents of children with haemophilia under 4 years old. This is a non‐randomized clinical trial, in which 22 parents participated children's with haemophilia under 4 years old. Half of them received an educational intervention of Physiotherapy. At the beginning and end of the study, a psychologist blinded to the assignment of subjects to each of the study groups, assessed the perceived quality of life, anxiety, perceived stress and family functioning of parents. A significant improvement was observed in the variables of perceived stress and family functioning of parents in the experimental group. The realization of an educational intervention in parents of children with haemophilia under 4 years old is effective. It reduces the stressors perceived by the parents and improves family cohesion and adaptability, as a consequence of the disease. It is necessary to carry out studies with follow‐up periods to assess the effectiveness of educational programs of Physiotherapy for long term.