bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of Prothrombin-induced Vitamin K antagonist versus Alpha-Fetoprotein (Tumor Markers) in Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Using Computed Tomography scan as Gold Standard
Authors: Latif Amer , Saeed Riffat , Banghash Tariq Ali , Shahzad Muhammad Khawar , Ahmed Hassam , Naveed Muhammad Asif , Amer Usama 
Published: August 2024

Biomarkers like alpha-fetoprotein and prothrombin-induced Vitamin K deficiency/ antagonist are used in the early diagnosis and staging of hepatocellular carcinoma and are useful for better outcomes in the treatment and overall survival of the patient. Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of alpha-fetoprotein and prothrombin-induced Vitamin K antagonist in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using a computed tomography scan as a gold standard. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Liver Transplant Unit of Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Complex, Lahore from July 2023 to January 2024. A total of 94 patients older than 12 years old with cirrhosis and CT scan suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma were selected. Blood was collected to test for AFP and PIVKA-II. The samples were sent to the labs after labeling them properly and the results were collected and entered in the data sheet. Patients were advised to have a multiphase contrast-enhanced CT scan. Patients were followed up in the clinic after 7 days. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of AFP was 78% with a 74.7% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 41.67% negative predictive value. The diagnostic accuracy of PIKVA-II was found to be 87.76% with 89% sensitivity, 80% specificity, 96.1% PPV, and 57.14% NPV. Conclusions: On comparing the tumor markers AFP with PIVKA-II against the gold standard multiphase CT scan it was found that PIVKA-II has better diagnostic accuracy than AFP.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EDUCACIONAIS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR INDÍGENA
Authors: Santana Leonardo Sampaio Baleeiro , Osório Neila Barbosa , Jesus Djanires Lageano Neto de , Santos George França dos , Santana Wesquisley Vidal de , Aguiar Adriana da Costa Pereira , Lira Valmir Fernandes de , Goveia André Ribeiro de , Pires Silvania Pereira de Sousa , Tarissio Eliana de Aquino , Gândara Luciana Pegoraro Penteado , Moura Junior Bartolomeu 
Published: August 2024

Este artigo tem o objetivo de compreender as políticas públicas educacionais para educação escolar indígena no Brasil, onde apresenta as características de um processo de longo prazo que se constitui, interrompe ou reconstitui, conforme o caso, em estreita concatenação com a reforma política do Estado e as mudanças socioeconômicas inspiradas nas concepções neoliberais de desenvolvimento nacional. Na última década, ganhou uma dimensão política e institucional de primeira ordem e tornou os povos indígenas muito mais visíveis. Também acelerou a criação de novas bases legais e políticas públicas para a educação escolar indígena, alterando gradativamente um processo adverso na educação pública. Com todo esse imenso potencial de mudança e enriquecimento ético e cultural esse processo parece estar se enfraquecendo e perdendo presença no atual governo. Um resultado ideológico significativo dessa mudança é a substituição irreversível do paradigma da educação bicultural pela chamada proposta bilíngue. N’um método descritivo, qualitativo e exploratório concluísse que para compreender os problemas sociais de desigualdades e discriminações se faz necessário promover a interculturalidade dos saberes indígenas por todo o país.
Effect of emotion management and nursing on patients with painless induced abortion after operation
Authors: Yang Jing , Yang Xiao , Xiong Zhuo-Ya 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
With an estimated 121 million abortions following unwanted pregnancies occurring worldwide each year, many countries are now committed to protecting women’s reproductive rights.
AIM
To analyze the impact of emotional management and care on anxiety and contraceptive knowledge mastery in painless induced abortion (IA) patients.
METHODS
This study was retrospective analysis of 84 patients with IA at our hospital. According to different nursing methods, the patients were divided into a control group and an observation group, with 42 cases in each group. Degree of pain, rate of postoperative uterine relaxation, surgical bleeding volume, and postoperative bleeding volume at 1 h between the two groups of patients; nursing satisfaction; and mastery of contraceptive knowledge were analyzed.
RESULTS
After nursing, Self-Assessment Scale, Depression Self-Assessment Scale, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores were 39.18 ± 2.18, 30.27 ± 2.64, 6.69 ± 2.15, respectively, vs 45.63 ± 2.66, 38.61 ± 2.17, 13.45 ± 2.12, respectively, with the observation group being lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Comparing visual analog scales, the observation group was lower than the control group (4.55 ± 0.22 vs 3.23 ± 0.41; P < 0.05). The relaxation rate of the cervix after nursing, surgical bleeding volume, and 1-h postoperative bleeding volumes were 25 (59.5), 31.72 ± 2.23, and 22.41 ± 1.23, respectively, vs 36 (85.7), 42.39 ± 3.53, 28.51 ± 3.34, respectively, for the observation group compared to the control group. The observation group had a better nursing situation (P < 0.05), and higher nursing satisfaction and contraceptive knowledge mastery scores compared to the control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The application of emotional management in postoperative care of IA has an ideal effect.
Exploring the role of interleukin-6 receptor blockade in epilepsy and associated neuropsychiatric conditions through a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yu Yan-Mei , Jin Gui-Hong , Zhong Chong , Qian Hao , Wang Lei , Zhan Feng 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
The interplay between inflammation, immune dysregulation, and the onset of neurological disorders, including epilepsy, has become increasingly recognized. Interleukin (IL)-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is suspected to not only mediate traditional inflammatory pathways but also contribute to neuroinflammatory responses that could underpin neuropsychiatric symptoms and broader psychiatric disorders in epilepsy patients. The role of IL-6 receptor (IL6R ) blockade presents an intriguing target for therapeutic intervention due to its potential to attenuate these processes.
AIM
To explore the potential of IL6R blockade in reducing the risk of epilepsy and investigate whether this pathway might also influence associated psychiatric and neuropsychiatric conditions due to neuroinflammation.
METHODS
Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis employing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vicinity of the IL6R gene (total individuals = 408225) was used to evaluate the putative causal relationship between IL6R blockade and epilepsy (total cases/controls = 12891/312803), focal epilepsy (cases/controls = 7526/399290), and generalized epilepsy (cases/controls = 1413/399287). SNP weights were determined by their effect on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and integrated using inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis as surrogates for IL6R effects. To address potential outlier and pleiotropic influences, sensitivity analyses were conducted employing a variety of MR methods under different modeling assumptions.
RESULTS
The genetic simulation targeting IL6R blockade revealed a modest but significant reduction in overall epilepsy risk [inverse variance weighting: Odds ratio (OR): 0.827; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.685-1.000; P = 0.05]. Subtype analysis showed variability, with no significant effect observed in generalized, focal, or specific childhood and juvenile epilepsy forms. Beyond the primary inflammatory marker CRP, the findings also suggested potential non-inflammatory pathways mediated by IL-6 signaling contributing to the neurobiological landscape of epilepsy, hinting at possible links to neuroinflammation, psychiatric symptoms, and associated mental disorders.
CONCLUSION
The investigation underscored a tentative causal relationship between IL6R blockade and decreased epilepsy incidence, likely mediated via complex neuroinflammatory pathways. These results encouraged further in-depth studies involving larger cohorts and multifaceted psychiatric assessments to corroborate these findings and more thoroughly delineate the neuro-psychiatric implications of IL-6 signaling in epilepsy. The exploration of IL6R blockade could herald a novel therapeutic avenue not just for seizure management but also for addressing the broader psychiatric and cognitive disturbances often associated with epilepsy.
Botulinum toxin type A-targeted SPP1 contributes to neuropathic pain by the activation of microglia pyroptosis
Authors: Chen Li-Ping , Gui Xiao-Die , Tian Wen-Di , Kan Hou-Ming , Huang Jin-Zhao , Ji Fu-Hai 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
Neuropathic pain (NP) is the primary symptom of various neurological conditions. Patients with NP often experience mood disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, that can severely affect their normal lives. Microglial cells are associated with NP. Excessive inflammatory responses, especially the secretion of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ultimately lead to neuroinflammation. Microglial pyroptosis is a newly discovered form of inflammatory cell death associated with immune responses and inflammation-related diseases of the central nervous system.
AIM
To investigate the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on microglial pyroptosis in terms of NP and associated mechanisms.
METHODS
Two models, an in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial cell model and a selective nerve injury model using BTX-A and SPP1 knockdown treatments, were used. Key proteins in the pyroptosis signaling pathway, NLRP3-GSDMD, were assessed using western blotting, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence. Inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also evaluated microglial cell proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, we measured pain sensation by assessing the delayed hind paw withdrawal latency using thermal stimulation.
RESULTS
The expression levels of ACS and GSDMD-N and the mRNA expression of TNF-α , IL-6 , and IL-1β were enhanced in LPS-treated microglia. Furthermore, SPP1 expression was also induced in LPS-treated microglia. Notably, BTX-A inhibited SPP1 mRNA and protein expression in the LPS-treated microglia. Additionally, depletion of SPP1 or BTX-A inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in LPS-treated microglia, whereas co-treatment with BTX-A enhanced the effect of SPP1 short hairpin (sh)RNA in LPS-treated microglia. Finally, SPP1 depletion or BTX-A treatment reduced the levels of GSDMD-N, NLPRP3, and ASC and suppressed the production of inflammatory factors.
CONCLUSION
Notably, BTX-A therapy and SPP1 shRNA enhance microglial proliferation and apoptosis and inhibit microglial death. It improves pain perception and inhibits microglial activation in rats with selective nerve pain.
Studi Evaluatif: Tingkat Kepatuhan Pasien Pasca Stroke Rawat Jalan RSUD Taman Husada Kota Bontang
Authors: Fauzi Lailla Affianti , Maria Regina , Anwar Adliah 
Published: August 2024

Kepatuhan pasien dalam mentaati rekomendasi pengobatan stroke menjadi salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian keterulangan stroke. Kepatuhan terhadap obat adalah kunci untuk pencegahan sekunder pada pasien dengan stroke. Kepatuhan pengobatan yang buruk dapat menyebabkan keterulangan, kecacatan, atau kematian pada penderita stroke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kepatuhan obat pasien paska stroke dengan kejadian stroke berulang. Penelitian cross-sectional ini melibatkan 60 pasien berusia antara 30 dan 85 tahun, yang semuanya sedang menjalani perawatan stroke rawat jalan di sebuah rumah sakit di Indonesia. Kejadian stroke berulang didefinisikan sebagai mengalami stroke sekunder dalam waktu 30 hari setelah kejadian stroke awal. Dari total partisipan, 12 individu telah mengalami stroke berulang setelah episode awal mereka, sementara 48 pasien tidak mengalami stroke berulang hingga saat pengumpulan data. Data kepatuhan obat dievaluasi dengan menggunakan kuesioner MMAS-8(Morisky Medication Adherence Scale). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok pasien paska stroke tingkat kepatuhan pasien tinggi 41,7% dan pada kelompok stroke berulang tingkat kepatuhan pasien sedang 41,7%
Studi Aktivitas Antioksidan Dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Benalu (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq) Pada Tanaman Pala
Authors: Besin Cecilia S. M. , Kanter Jabes W. , Maarisit Wilmar , Tumbel Silvana L. , Pareta Douglas N. , Montolalu Friska M. 
Published: August 2024

Antioksidan merupakan zat yang menghambat atau mencegah kerusakan sel akibat oksidasi dari radikal bebas. Salah satu tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai alternatif pengobatan tradisional dan berpotensi sebagai antioksidan adalah benalu pala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah benalu pala memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan melakukan uji skrining fitokimia dan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan benalu pada tanaman pala dan diekstraksi dengan etanol 95% dengan metode maserasi kemudian dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator pada suhu 40°C untuk mencegah dekomposisi senyawa yang terdapat didalamnya. Setelah itu, dilakukan uji skrining fitokimia yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa metabolit yang ada pada sampel. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode DPPH pada panjang gelombang 517 nm dan pembanding vitamin C menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis, sedangkan uji skrining fitokimia secara kuantitatif dengan uji tabung reaksi untuk mengetahui senyawa-senyawa metabot yang ada seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, taniin, triterpenoid, dan steroid. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada uji skrining fitokimia, menunjukkan bahwa sampel memiliki senyawa metabolit seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan triterpenoid. Sedangkan untuk hasil uji antioksidan nilai IC50 yang diperoleh dari hasil persamaan regresi linier ialah 4,644 untuk ekstrak kasar dan nilai IC50 vitamin C sebagai pembanding 0,169. Berdasarkan hasil uji analisis yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa daya antioksidan yang didapatkan tergolong sangat kuat dan berpotensi menangkal radikal bebas DPPH.
AVANÇOS NA PREVENÇÃO DO HIV: PROGRESSOS E DESAFIOS NA IMPLANTAÇÃO DA PROFILAXIA PRÉ-EXPOSIÇÃO
Authors: Santos Bráulio Érison França dos , Miranda João Gabriel Barbosa , Matos Neto Celso de , Oliveira José Lucas Duarte de 
Published: August 2024

Introdução: A prevenção do HIV constitui um pilar fundamental no combate à epidemia global de AIDS. Recentemente, a introdução da Profilaxia Pré-Exposição (PrEP) revolucionou o cenário de prevenção do HIV, fornecendo uma ferramenta eficaz para diminuir a transmissão do vírus em populações de alto risco. Objetivo: Este artigo explora como a PrEP pode influenciar em futuras estratégias de prevenção ao HIV/AIDS, detalhando os avanços e desafios, e proporcionando uma base sólida para que profissionais de saúde, pesquisadores e formuladores de políticas desenvolvam abordagens mais eficientes no combate ao HIV/AIDS. Material e Métodos: Este estudo é uma revisão narrativa da literatura, analisando estudos-chave que demonstram a eficácia da PrEP, incluindo regimes de dosagem diária e sob demanda, aplicados em diversos contextos e populações. A análise também incluiu diretrizes globais emitidas por organismos renomados, como a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e a UNAIDS. Resultados: A PrEP provou ser altamente eficaz na redução da transmissão do HIV entre populações de alto risco. Contudo, desafios como a resistência à medicação, a adesão ao tratamento e o estigma ainda persistem. Identificaram-se estratégias eficazes para melhorar o acesso à PrEP, especialmente em regiões de baixa e média renda. Conclusão: A educação e o envolvimento comunitário são cruciais para promover a PrEP como uma opção de prevenção viável, reduzindo a discriminação nos serviços de saúde. As direções futuras de pesquisa incluem o desenvolvimento de novas formulações, que podem facilitar a adesão e oferecer alternativas práticas para os usuários. A PrEP é reconhecida não apenas como uma ferramenta médica, mas também como um instrumento de empoderamento para comunidades em risco, contribuindo para uma abordagem mais holística e eficaz na prevenção do HIV.
Anthelmintic Screening of Hylocereus polyrhizus Rind Extracts
Authors: Yesudanam Sinchu , A. S. Aparna Raj , J. Jothika , Sreelakshmi R. S. , Sunil Soniya M. 
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rind extract of Hylocereus polyrhizus's anthelmintic efficacy. Ethanol and water were utilized to extract the powdered rind of H. polyrhizus. The phytochemical screening of H. polyrhizus ethanol extract (HPEE) and water extract (HPAE) was done. The adult motility assay and resistance-modifying study were then used to screen for the plant's anthelmintic properties against Eudrilus eugeniae. Due to its morphological and physiological resemblance to the human intestinal roundworm, Eudrilus eugeniae was chosen in the investigation. On E. eugeniae, HPEE and HPAE demonstrated dose-dependent paralytic and fatal effects. The anthelminthic activity of albendazole was also assessed by HPEE and HPAE through resistance-modifying research and the adult worm (E. eugeniae) motility assay. The addition of different concentrations of HPEE and HPAE considerably (p < 0.05) increased the activity of albendazole against E. eugeniae. Against E. eugeniae, they exhibited dose-dependent anthelmintic action. When compared to HPEE, HPAE exhibits the strongest activity. Albendazole's lethality and paralytic action were considerably increased by HPEE and HPAE. HPEE and HPAE underwent phytochemical screening, which identified the presence of coumarins, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and saponins. The findings of this investigation demonstrate the anthelmintic activity of H. polyrhizus.
Estimating Well Specific Sanding from Numerically Generated Sanding Database
Authors: Xiao Yuxing , Vaziri Hans 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
Sanding at scale is complex due to dynamic changes in downhole conditions. To provide needed results for making practical decisions, this paper describes the latest improvements in a numerical model and its application in estimating well specific sanding. Two essential components of sanding mechanisms, rock disaggregation and fluid drag forces, are considered. The former is done through gradual reductions in average size and frictional properties of rock aggregates. The latter includes pressure drag - a function of drawdown - and viscous drag - a function of rock aggregates size, fluid flux and PVT properties. Sanding is the outcome of fluid drags overcoming rock aggregates' frictional resistance. As part of numerical model validations, two sets of field observations in cased and perforated wells were examined that involve effects of changes in gas PVT properties with depletion and sanding at low gas and water flux in weak formations. A numerical strategy has been implemented to generate the fieldwide applicable sanding database that covers ranges of all underlying sanding factors. The database and well specific downhole conditions are used to estimate well's sanding, and the results form a critical input for optimizing sandface completion design, well intervention and hydrocarbon production.

1. INTRODUCTION
Well specific sanding responses over its life are complex and dictated by downhole conditions and their dynamic changes, including drawdown, depletion, sandface fluid flux distributions, downhole water activities, and rock strength and its disaggregation state. They are controlled in turn by reservoir formation characteristics, sandface completions and production conditions and strategies. In practice not all of them can be reliably predicted in advance, and thus a sanding-fundamentals-based data integration has been developed to get them identified upon their occurrence through readily available datasets (Xiao et al., 2023b).
Regardless of whether we know downhole conditions and their dynamic changes in advance or not, sanding severity associated with them is important in making practical decisions to take a right course of action. Upon sanding we do need to act to mitigate sanding risk and optimize hydrocarbon production. However, some of options that often come up may be overly conservative, including changing sandface completions, conducting intervention, choking back well flow rate excessively, putting the well at a curtailed flow rate too long, etc. On the other hand, it may be overly optimistic and in the worst scenario leads to loss of well. To help strike a right balance in managing sanding this paper describes the latest improvements in our finite element numerical sanding model, referred to as Enhans, and its application in estimating well specific sanding in a timely manner.
Reservoir Compaction Damage Evaluation in Hydraulically Fractured Oil Wells Incorporating Geomechanics
Authors: Fernandes F. B. , Braga A. M. B. , Duarte M. C. , Gildin E. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
The interaction between reservoir Biot's effective stress and pore pressure change is significant in stress-sensitive reservoirs. Consequently, coupling geomechanics and fluid flow to analyze pressure transient problems for stress-sensitive reservoirs may be necessary. Effective permeability loss monitoring in fractured oil wells is essential in maintaining economic reservoir productivity. This paper proposes a new analytical solution for the nonlinear hydraulic diffusivity equation (NHDE) in Biot's effective stress-sensitive reservoir fully penetrated by a fractured oil well. The proposed modeling considers the hydraulic fracture infinite and crosses the whole reservoir net pay. A new permeability stress-sensitive pseudo-pressure m(σ′) is presented, and the solution of the NHDE is derived in terms of this function. NHDE is expanded in a first-order asymptotic series, and an integro-differential solution coupled to a Green's function (GF) is used to represent the source/sink term. A set of pressure and permeability data from geomechanical literature is used and transformed into effective stress through Biot's equation. The effects of overburden, source/sink term, deviation factor, and Biot's coefficient are investigated to prevent severe permeability losses. Model calibration is performed using a numerical oil flow simulator named IMEX®, widely used in formation evaluation literature. The accuracy, ease of implementation, and low computational costs constitute the main advantages of the model addressed in this paper. Hence, it may be a valuable and attractive mathematical tool to identify flow regimes, providing permeability loss control and supporting well-reservoir management.

1 INTRODUCTION
The production of petroleum reservoirs results in a decrease fluid pressure and an increase in effective overburden stress (Fernandes, 2022). As fluid production proceeds, the progressive increase in effective overburden load will, in turn, compact the reservoir rock and change its stress state (Soares and Ferreira, 2002; Soares et al., 2003).
For reservoir rocks that are mechanically stable with fluid-flow properties e.g. the ones that permeability are not influenced by effective stress changes or are solely dependent upon fluid pressure change under a constant overburden load, pressure transient problems can be properly analyzed by conventional methods.
Nonetheless, for stress-sensitive formations, coupling geomechanics with flow equations become the modeling more realistic. The economic production of either wells completed in low permeability reservoirs, e.g. shales or damaged wells has been possible because of hydraulic fracturing. In this scenario, estimating hydraulic fracture's geometric parameters and flow characteristics represents useful information for the calibration of fracture design methods and permits forecasting well flow behavior (Miskimins and Barree, 2003; Miskimins, 2019).