bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medically unexplained otorhinolaryngological symptoms: Towards integrated psychiatric care
Authors: Baijens Laura W. J. , Verdonschot Rob , Vanbelle Sophie , Basic Sonja , Kremer Bernd , van de Berg Raymond , Leue Carsten 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of medically unexplained otorhinolaryngological symptoms in a patient cohort and propose an interdisciplinary approach for their care.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsThe study describes the population of patients presenting consecutively at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the Maastricht University Medical Center. Patients with symptoms who did not meet clear “medical” criteria and were associated with psychological distress and high health care utilization were enrolled in the study by two experienced otorhinolaryngologists following informed consent. The aim of the study is 1) to specify the presence of medically unexplained otorhinolaryngological symptoms and 2) to evaluate the integration of otorhinolaryngological and psychiatric treatment in an interdisciplinary approach in order to help otorhinolaryngologists improve patient care.ResultsOf the 102 patients included, 41% (N = 42) did not have a proven somatic otorhinolaryngological diagnosis. For only 10.8% (N = 4) of the latter, no psychiatric diagnosis had been established. Overall, 78% of the study population (N = 80) was diagnosed with psychiatric morbidity/comorbidity, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.ConclusionThe preliminary data suggest that the majority of patients with these unexplained complaints may suffer from under‐ or undiagnosed psychiatric morbidity. Therefore, easy access to integrated interdisciplinary care (otorhinolaryngology and psychiatry) should be offered to patients with medically unexplained otorhinolaryngological symptoms after detailed information is made available to them about the pathogenesis of the complaints and the foreseen psychosomatic approach.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 125:1583–1587, 2015
Lateral neck recurrence from papillary thyroid carcinoma: Predictive factors and prognostic significance
Authors: Giordano Davide , Frasoldati Andrea , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Gabrielli Enrico , Pernice Carmine , Zini Michele , Pedroni Corrado , Cavuto Silvio , Barbieri Verter 
Published: December 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to identify any possible predictive factors of lateral neck recurrence in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma with no ultrasonographic and/or cytological evidence of lymph node metastasis at time of diagnosis. The influence of lateral neck recurrence on survival was also investigated.Study DesignObservational retrospective study.MethodsRetrospective review of clinical records of 610 patients surgically treated for papillary thyroid carcinoma with clinically negative lymph nodes at the Otolaryngology Unit of the Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova–IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy, from January 1984 to December 2008.ResultsLateral neck recurrences were ipsilateral to the primary tumor in all cases and were associated with the occurrence of more aggressive histological variants and central neck metastasis. Lateral neck recurrences were more frequently observed in patients with distant metastases and were associated with a reduced disease‐specific survival.ConclusionLateral neck compartment ipsilateral to the tumor was the most common site of recurrence, with about half of cases appearing in the first 28 months of follow‐up. In patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, detection of lateral neck metastases prior to first surgery is crucial to surgical planning. Aggressive histological variants and postsurgical evidence of lymph node metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma in central neck compartment are associated with a higher risk of lateral neck recurrence. In these patients, a closer postsurgical ultrasound surveillance of the lateral neck compartments seems worthwhile.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2226–2231, 2015
Utility of cell viability assays for use with ex vivo vocal fold epithelial tissue
Authors: Erickson‐DiRenzo Elizabeth , Sivasankar M. Preeti , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: December 2014

Objectives/HypothesisEx vivo models are routinely used to investigate the barrier function of the vocal fold epithelium. However, there are limited reports on assays that can be used to investigate the effect of clinically relevant challenges on vocal fold epithelial tissue viability. Our objective was to determine the utility of two assays routinely used in cell culture—a cellular metabolic activity assay and a cell membrane integrity assay—to investigate the viability of ex vivo porcine vocal fold epithelium.Study DesignProspective, ex vivo animal study.MethodsPorcine vocal folds were exposed to acrolein, hydrochloric acid, or hydrogen peroxide challenge. An untreated, sham challenge was included as a control. Assays including metabolic activity, cell membrane integrity, and histology were used to determine whether challenges reduced epithelial viability as compared to sham.ResultsCell membrane integrity and metabolic activity assays detected reductions in viability following hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide challenges but not acrolein challenge as compared to sham. No challenge produced significant changes in epithelial appearance as evidenced by light microscopy.ConclusionsMetabolic activity and cell membrane integrity assays are valuable tools that can be used to evaluate the viability of ex vivo vocal fold epithelial tissue following clinically relevant challenges. As viability is reduced, the ability of epithelial tissue to maintain its barrier function is compromised. Accurate assessment of viability may provide us clues into understanding mechanisms underlying vocal fold epithelial injury and disease.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:E180–E185, 2015
Surface‐Initiated Anionic Polymerization of [1]Silaferrocenophanes for the Preparation of Colloidal Preceramic Materials
Authors: Elbert Johannes , Didzoleit Haiko , Fasel Claudia , Ionescu Emanuel , Riedel Ralf , Stühn Bernd , Gallei Markus 
Published: December 2014

A novel strategy for the preparation of poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) immobilized on the surface of cross‐linked polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles is reported. The ferrocene‐containing core/shell architectures are shown to be excellent candidates as preceramic polymers yielding spherical ceramic materials consisting of iron silicide (Fe3Si) and metallic iron after thermal treatment. For this purpose, dimethyl‐ and hydromethyl[1]silaferrocenophane monomers are polymerized by surface‐initiated ring‐opening polymerization upon taking advantage of residual vinylic moieties at the PS particle surface. A strategy for selective chain growth from the particle surface is developed without the formation of free PFS homopolymer in solution. The grafted particles are characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). These particles are excellent precursors for ceramics as studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The composition of the ceramics is studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, while the morphology is probed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealing the original spherical shape of the precursor particles. Obtained ceramic materials— predominantly based on iron silicides—show ferromagnetic behavior as investigated by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetization measurements at different temperatures.
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Characterization of the interface of co‐extruded asymmetric aluminum‐titanium composite profiles
Authors: Grittner N. , Striewe B. , von Hehl A. , Engelhardt M. , Klose C. , Nürnberger F. 
Published: December 2014

The combination of different light alloys enables lightweight solutions with tailor‐made properties at the macroscopic global as well as at the microscopic scale. In this context co‐extrusion by a lateral angular co‐extrusion (LACE) process offers a great potential for advanced profiled structures. While titanium alloys show particular high mechanical strength and good corrosion resistance, aluminium alloys provide a considerable high specific bending stiffness along with low materials costs.The mechanical properties of metallic compounds strongly depend on the bonding mechanisms, which are initiated during processing. In order to enable a rigid adhesive bond between Al and Ti in this study the extrusions were processed by means of a newly developed lateral angular co‐extrusion that is a modified equal channel angular pressing process (ECAP). Latter is known for promoting diffusion bonding by reducing the activation energy. Hence, the study is focused on the general manufacturing of Al–Ti‐compounds by lateral angular co‐extrusion. The second aim of the study was to investigate the development of the bonding zone during processing. Experiments were made with the material combination Al99.5 and titanium grade 2. The bonding zones of the co‐extruded samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The bond strength was determined by quasi‐static tensile tests. Compared to the as‐extruded condition an intermetallic layer was formed during heat treatment. The layer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electron probe micro analysis.
Explicit dynamics with a non‐local damage model using the thick level set approach
Authors: Moreau K. , Moës N. , Picart D. , Stainier L. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we are interested in the dynamical response of a material body subjected to impact loadings. Such loadings are brutal and intense and may damage the material, leading to strain localization and rupture. Before strain localization occurs, computation of such problems is often accurate enough and very efficient when an explicit time integration scheme is applied. However, after strain localization occurs, the mathematical relevance of a model is preserved only if non‐locality is introduced. This is often resulting in a dramatic increase of computational costs. We propose in this work to introduce non‐locality through the Thick Level Set approach (TLS). It is the first time the TLS approach has been presented in a dynamical context. In this approach, additional computational efforts are limited in space to a domain slightly bigger than the strain localization region and the time discretization is explicit. The non‐local computation is based on a new technique where basis functions are built on the damaged band. The resulting function space has needed properties to compute non‐local fields. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal design of trajectory parameters and position tracking with balance for riderless bicycle
Authors: Yuan Jing , Sun Fengchi , Huang Yalou 
Published: December 2014

SummaryRiderless bicycles are typically nonholonomic, underactuated, and nonminimum‐phase systems. The instability and complex dynamic coupling make the trajectory generation and tracking of the bicycles more challenging. In this paper, we consider both the trajectory generation and position tracking of a riderless bicycle. To achieve smooth motion performances, the desired planar trajectory of the contact point of the bicycle's rear wheel is constructed using a parameterized polynomial curve that can connect two given endpoints with associated tangent angles. The optimal parameters of the polynomial curve are obtained by minimizing the maximum of the roll angle's quasistatic trajectory of the bicycle, and this problem is solved by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Then, position tracking of the desired planar trajectory with balance is converted into an optimization problem subject to the dynamic constraints. The cost function is designed as the combination of the position errors and the roll acceleration of the bicycle, in order to achieve an accurate tracking performance and to prevent the bicycle from falling down. This optimization problem is solved by the Gauss pseudospectral method. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell‐ and developmental stage‐specific Dicer1 ablation in the lung epithelium models cystic pleuropulmonary blastoma
Authors: Wagh Purnima K , Gardner Margaret A , Ma Xiaolan , Callahan Melissa , Shannon John M , Wert Susan E , Messinger Yoav H , Dehner Louis P , Hill D Ashley , Wikenheiser‐Brokamp Kathryn A 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInherited syndromes provide unique opportunities to identify key regulatory mechanisms governing human disease. We previously identified germline loss‐of‐function DICER1 mutations in a human syndrome defined by the childhood lung neoplasm pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), which arises during lung development. DICER1 regulates many biological processes critical in development and disease pathogenesis. Significant challenges in defining the role of DICER1 in human disease are identifying cause–effect relationships and generating manipulatable systems that model the complexity of organ development and disease pathogenesis. Here we report the generation of a murine model for PPB and demonstrate that precise temporal and cell type‐specific Dicer1 ablation is necessary and sufficient for the development of cystic lungs that histologically and phenotypically model PPB. Dicer1 ablation in the distal airway epithelium during early stages of lung development resulted in a cystic lung phenotype indistinguishable from PPB, whereas DICER1 function was not required for development of the proximal airway epithelium or during later stages of organogenesis. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that Dicer1 loss results in epithelial cell death, followed by cystic airway dilatation accompanied by epithelial and mesenchymal proliferation. These studies define precise temporal and epithelial cell type‐specific DICER1 functions in the developing lung and demonstrate that loss of these DICER1 functions is sufficient for the development of cystic PPB. These results also provide evidence that PPB arise through a novel mechanism of non‐cell‐autonomous tumour initiation, in which the genetic abnormality initiating the neoplasm does not occur in the cells that ultimately transform, but rather occurs in a benign‐appearing epithelial cell component that predisposes underlying mesenchymal cells to malignant transformation. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A competing risk analysis of hormone therapy interruption in Asian women with breast cancer
Authors: Hsieh Kun‐Pin , Chen Li‐Chia , Cheung Kwok‐Leung , Yang Yi‐Hsin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to use a competing risk approach to evaluate the probability of the occurrence of hormone therapy (HT) interruption and to assess its associated predictors in Asian women with breast cancer.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used the Taiwan Health Insurance Research Database from 2003 to 2011. Reimbursement data for women with newly diagnosed primary breast cancer were extracted. Interruption (gap ≥ 180 days) and time to first interruption of HT were identified. The probability of interruption was analysed by Kaplan–Meier (KM) method and cumulative incidence competing risk (CICR) method. Competing risk regressions were used to assess the predictors of interruption.ResultsThe 5‐year cumulative incidence of first HT interruption was 14% versus 13% estimated by the KM and the CICR methods, respectively. The estimated incidences from CICR method tended to be around 11% lower than KM method in various HT utilization patterns. Younger (≤50 years) age at diagnosis, switching HT and the presence of HT‐related adverse events were identified as predictors of interruption in competing risk regressions.ConclusionsThe competing risk approach provided lower probabilities and estimates when investigating the incidence of first interruption than the standard survival analysis. The competing risk method, which takes into account the competing risks from cancer recurrence and death, should be considered in future analysis. In terms of improving persistence of HT, it is important to focus on patients of younger age at diagnosis, HT switching and experiencing adverse events. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The identification of disulfides in ricin D using proteolytic cleavage followed by negative‐ion nano‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the peptide fragments
Authors: Tran T. T. Nha , Brinkworth Craig S. , Bowie John H. 
Published: December 2014

RATIONALETo use negative‐ion nano‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of peptides from the tryptic digest of ricin D, to provide sequence information; in particular, to identify disulfide position and connectivity.METHODSNegative‐ion fragmentations of peptides from the tryptic digest of ricin D was studied using a Waters QTOF2 mass spectrometer operating in MS and MS2 modes.RESULTSTwenty‐three peptides were obtained following high‐performance liquid chromatography and studied by negative‐ion mass spectrometry covering 73% of the amino‐acid residues of ricin D. Five disulfide‐containing peptides were identified, three intermolecular and two intramolecular disulfide‐containing peptides. The [M–H]− anions of the intermolecular disulfides undergo facile cleavage of the disulfide units to produce fragment peptides. In negative‐ion collision‐induced dissociation (CID) these source‐formed anions undergo backbone cleavages, which provide sequencing information. The two intramolecular disulfides were converted proteolytically into intermolecular disulfides, which were identified as outlined above.CONCLUSIONSThe positions of the five disulfide groups in ricin D may be determined by characteristic negative‐ion cleavage of the disulfide groups, while sequence information may be determined using the standard negative‐ion backbone cleavages of the resulting cleaved peptides. Negative‐ion mass spectrometry can also be used to provide partial sequencing information for other peptides (i.e. those not containing Cys) using the standard negative‐ion backbone cleavages of these peptides. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are invasives worse in freshwater than terrestrial ecosystems?
Authors: Moorhouse Tom P. , Macdonald David W. 
Published: December 2014

Several lines of evidence suggest that the effects of invasive species may be greater in aquatic freshwaters than in terrestrial ecosystems. We argue that freshwaters are significantly more invasible—from a number of poorly regulated sources—and also more susceptible to negative biodiversity, physical ecosystem, and socioeconomic impacts when invaded, than their terrestrial counterparts. Moreover, the nature of freshwaters appears to result in impacts that are wide ranging and severe while being indirect, diffuse, and difficult to both detect and predict. For these reasons, we conclude that freshwater invasive species represent a special case, when compared with terrestrial invasives, in which the likelihood of negative impacts, and their effects, is disproportionately severe. We suggest that future approaches to research in this area should aim to audit the full array of impacts of a number of representative invasive species, with a view to building an evidence base to support the global implementation of a precautionary approach to the release of aquatic freshwater non‐native species. WIREs Water 2015, 2:1–8. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1059This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Selecting and tracking multiple objects
Authors: Scimeca Jason M. , Franconeri Steven L. 
Published: December 2014

When interacting with the world, people can dynamically split attention across multiple objects in the environment, both when the objects are stationary and when the objects are moving. This type of visual processing is commonly studied in lab settings using either static selection tasks or moving tracking tasks. We describe performance limits that are common to both tasks, including limits on capacity, crowding, visual hemifield arrangement, and speed. Because these shared limits on performance suggest common underlying mechanisms, we examine a set of models that might account for limits across both. We also review cognitive neuroscience data relevant to these limits, which can provide constraints on the set of models. Finally, we examine performance limits that are unique to tracking tasks, such as trajectory encoding, and identity encoding. We argue that a complete model of multiple object tracking must account for both those limits shared between static selection and dynamic tracking, as well as limits unique to tracking. It must also provide neurally plausible mechanisms for the underlying processing resources. WIREs Cogn Sci 2015, 6:109–118. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1328This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Attention
Individual and Community Resilience Factors Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Queer and Questioning Youth and Adults in Israel
Authors: Shilo Guy , Antebi Nadav , Mor Zohar 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDrawing on resilience theories, this study examined the individual and community factors of Israeli lesbians, gays, bisexuals, queers, and questioning (LGBQs) that contribute to positive mental health and the degree to which individual and community protective factors mitigate the adverse effect of risk factors for poor mental health. Differences in resilience factors between LGBQ youth and adults were explored. Data were collected on 890 LGBQ youth and adults. Findings emphasize the role of community‐level resilience factors in the lives of LGBQs, and that these support systems differ slightly between the two age groups. Among youth, family support was both a strong predictor for well‐being and a protective factor for mental distress. Although family support was found as a resilience factor among adults as well, other community‐level factors (friends’ support, LGBT connectedness and having steady partner) were found as protective factors for poorer mental health. These findings suggest for efforts on fostering familial support for LGBQ youth and a multi‐level system that offers support at the familial, peer, relationship and community levels for both LGBQ youth and adults.
Poetic Justice: Engaging in Participatory Narrative Analysis to Find Solace in the “Killer Corridor”
Authors: Dill LeConté J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe author engaged with adolescents at a community‐based youth organization as “co‐researchers” to delve deeper into the lived experiences of youth of color residing in an urban neighborhood undergoing change. Participatory narrative analysis was used to empower participants to produce texts to make sense of their lives and their home, school, and neighborhood contexts. The process of engaging youth as co‐researchers and experts in issues pertaining to their own neighborhood is discussed. Nuanced analyses of poems‐as‐data is shown to be critical in informing the recent surge of interdisciplinary, community‐engaged, place‐based initiatives focused on neighborhood revitalization, violence prevention, and positive youth development.