bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unmasking Deception Harnessing Noise Cancellation for Digital Image
Forgery Detection Using Feature-Map Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: S. Dhivya , R. Deepika , R. Anand Kumar , Tiwari Kanchan S. , Bhatia Deepshikha , Singh Prasanjit 
Published: August 2024

Aims and Background:
Digital image forgery has emerged as a significant threat in an
era where visual content plays a crucial role in communication and authentication. The rise of sophisticated
manipulation techniques demands innovative approaches for reliable detection.

Objectives and Methods:
This research introduces a novel methodology for Digital Image Forgery
Detection using Noise Cancellation in Feature-Map Convolutional Neural Networks (NC-FM-CNN).
Our approach focuses on exploiting the inherent patterns of manipulated images by integrating a
noise cancellation mechanism within the CNN architecture. The use of feature maps enables the
network to discern subtle alterations in image content, offering enhanced sensitivity to forged regions.
By selectively filtering out noise patterns introduced during the forgery process, the model
can more accurately pinpoint areas of manipulation. The proposed NC-FM-CNN architecture undergoes
extensive training on diverse datasets encompassing various types of image manipulations, ensuring
its adaptability to a wide range of forgery techniques. The network's ability to learn and differentiate
between authentic and manipulated features is enhanced through advanced optimization
techniques and regularization methods.

Results:
Our experimental results, showcasing an accuracy of 97%, demonstrate the superior performance
of the NC-FM-CNN compared to traditional forgery detection methods. The model exhibits
robustness in detecting forged content even in cases where manipulations are subtle or deeply
embedded. Moreover, its efficiency in handling diverse forgery scenarios positions it as a versatile
tool for forensic analysis in digital image authenticity verification.

Conclusion:
As image manipulation techniques continue to evolve, the proposed NC-FM-CNN
framework offers a proactive and reliable solution for combating digital forgery, contributing to the
establishment of a trustworthy digital ecosystem.
Data Collection Methods
Authors: Muguro Joseph Kamau , Njeri Paul Waweru , Sasaki Minoru 
Published: August 2024

The section highlights significant shortcomings in the Kenyan data
collection landscape, particularly as reported by the National Police Service (NPS) and
the National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA). Official sources of data are found
to be lacking in quality, accuracy, and comprehensiveness, thus impeding a systematic
approach to addressing transportation issues, particularly regarding accidents and
fatalities. To overcome these limitations, the research proposes exploring alternative
data sources such as social media platforms and surveys, combined with advanced
analytical techniques like Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning.
This approach aims to gain deeper insights into the causes of accidents and factors
contributing to high fatality rates. Recommendations include standardizing data
collection schemes, implementing digital reporting and data integration, fostering
interagency collaboration and mandatory reporting, establishing public awareness
campaigns, adopting international best practices, and reviewing legislation and
policies. These measures are essential for enhancing the quality and breadth of
transportation data and improving road safety in Kenya. "One Important Role for the City is to Conduct Studies to Document Areas of
Greatest Need, and to Facilitate Coordination between our Public and Private
Transportation Options to Weave it into a Dense Tapestry of Accessible and Reliable
Transportation." — Mark Noble.
Public Service Vehicle - Matatus and Bodabodas
Authors: Muguro Joseph Kamau , Njeri Paul Waweru , Sasaki Minoru 
Published: August 2024

This chapter investigates the multifaceted challenges confronting public
transportation in Kenya, with a particular focus on Matatus (mini-buses) and Bodabodas (motorcycle taxis). It delves into various dimensions of the transportation
industry, including the pervasive use of second-hand vehicles which significantly
contributes to fatalities and pollution, passenger mistreatment, and the alarming
increase in criminal activities linked to Boda-bodas, among others. Moreover, it
analyzes the economic ramifications of public transportation. The recommendations
encompass enhancing road user safety, mitigating pollution, promoting alternative
transit modes, incorporating modern technologies, and fostering public participation. "The Failure to Invest in our Public Transportation and Public Life, I Think, is a
Scandal and a Shame, and it Should be a National Embarrassment." — Mark Shields
Human-Comparable Sensitivity of Large Language Models in Identifying Eligible Studies Through Title and Abstract Screening: 3-Layer Strategy Using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 for Systematic Reviews
Authors: Matsui Kentaro , Utsumi Tomohiro , Aoki Yumi , Maruki Taku , Takeshima Masahiro , Takaesu Yoshikazu 
Published: August 2024

Background
The screening process for systematic reviews is resource-intensive. Although previous machine learning solutions have reported reductions in workload, they risked excluding relevant papers.

Objective
We evaluated the performance of a 3-layer screening method using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to streamline the title and abstract-screening process for systematic reviews. Our goal is to develop a screening method that maximizes sensitivity for identifying relevant records.

Methods
We conducted screenings on 2 of our previous systematic reviews related to the treatment of bipolar disorder, with 1381 records from the first review and 3146 from the second. Screenings were conducted using GPT-3.5 (gpt-3.5-turbo-0125) and GPT-4 (gpt-4-0125-preview) across three layers: (1) research design, (2) target patients, and (3) interventions and controls. The 3-layer screening was conducted using prompts tailored to each study. During this process, information extraction according to each study’s inclusion criteria and optimization for screening were carried out using a GPT-4–based flow without manual adjustments. Records were evaluated at each layer, and those meeting the inclusion criteria at all layers were subsequently judged as included.

Results
On each layer, both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 were able to process about 110 records per minute, and the total time required for screening the first and second studies was approximately 1 hour and 2 hours, respectively. In the first study, the sensitivities/specificities of the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 were 0.900/0.709 and 0.806/0.996, respectively. Both screenings by GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 judged all 6 records used for the meta-analysis as included. In the second study, the sensitivities/specificities of the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 were 0.958/0.116 and 0.875/0.855, respectively. The sensitivities for the relevant records align with those of human evaluators: 0.867-1.000 for the first study and 0.776-0.979 for the second study. Both screenings by GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 judged all 9 records used for the meta-analysis as included. After accounting for justifiably excluded records by GPT-4, the sensitivities/specificities of the GPT-4 screening were 0.962/0.996 in the first study and 0.943/0.855 in the second study. Further investigation indicated that the cases incorrectly excluded by GPT-3.5 were due to a lack of domain knowledge, while the cases incorrectly excluded by GPT-4 were due to misinterpretations of the inclusion criteria.

Conclusions
Our 3-layer screening method with GPT-4 demonstrated acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity that supports its practical application in systematic review screenings. Future research should aim to generalize this approach and explore its effectiveness in diverse settings, both medical and nonmedical, to fully establish its use and operational feasibility.
Impact of Skin Pigmentation on Pulse Oximetry Blood Oxygenation and Wearable Pulse Rate Accuracy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Singh Sanidhya , Bennett Miles Romney , Chen Chen , Shin Sooyoon , Ghanbari Hamid , Nelson Benjamin W 
Published: August 2024

Background
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a technology routinely used in clinical practice to assess blood oxygenation (SpO2) and pulse rate (PR). Skin pigmentation may influence accuracy, leading to health outcomes disparities.

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis primarily aimed to evaluate the accuracy of PPG-derived SpO2 and PR by skin pigmentation. Secondarily, we aimed to evaluate statistical biases and the clinical relevance of PPG-derived SpO2 and PR according to skin pigmentation.

Methods
We identified 23 pulse oximetry studies (n=59,684; 197,353 paired SpO2-arterial blood observations) and 4 wearable PR studies (n=176; 140,771 paired PPG-electrocardiography observations). We evaluated accuracy according to skin pigmentation group by comparing SpO2 accuracy root-mean-square values to the regulatory threshold of 3% and PR 95% limits of agreement values to +5 or –5 beats per minute (bpm), according to the standards of the American National Standards Institute, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, and the International Electrotechnical Commission. We evaluated biases and clinical relevance using mean bias and 95% CI.

Results
For SpO2, accuracy root-mean-square values were 3.96%, 4.71%, and 4.15%, and pooled mean biases were 0.70% (95% CI 0.17%-1.22%), 0.27% (95% CI –0.64% to 1.19%), and 1.27% (95% CI 0.58%-1.95%) for light, medium, and dark pigmentation, respectively. For PR, 95% limits of agreement values were from –16.02 to 13.54, from –18.62 to 16.84, and from –33.69 to 32.54, and pooled mean biases were –1.24 (95% CI –5.31 to 2.83) bpm, –0.89 (95% CI –3.70 to 1.93) bpm, and –0.57 (95% CI –9.44 to 8.29) bpm for light, medium, and dark pigmentation, respectively.

Conclusions
SpO2 and PR measurements may be inaccurate across all skin pigmentation groups, breaching U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidance and industry standard thresholds. Pulse oximeters significantly overestimate SpO2 for both light and dark skin pigmentation, but this overestimation may not be clinically relevant. PRs obtained from wearables exhibit no statistically or clinically significant bias based on skin pigmentation.
E-modul permainan tradisional gobak sodor bermuatan karakter di sekolah dasar
Authors: Tantri Dwi Lestari  , Hidayat Syarip , Ganda Nana 
Published: August 2024

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengembangkan e-modul permainan tradisional permainan tradisional gobak sodor bermuatan karakter untuk siswa sekolah dasar. Model penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian dan pengembangan dengan menggunakan Langkah-langkah penelitian ripe ADDIE, yaitu Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Penelitian ini melibatkankan guru yang berasal dari salah satu sekolah dasar di Desa Gesik, Kecamatan Tengah Tani, Kabupaten Cirebon sebagai informan untuk analisis kebutuhan, tiga validator e-modul yang terdiri dari satu orang validator ahli media, satu orang validator ahli pedagogik, dan ahli pendidikan karakter. Validasi e-modul ini menggunakan skala 1-4 untuk penilaiannya, secara keseluruhan e-modul yamg telah dikembangkan mendapatkan hasil penilaian kategori sangat layak dengan presentase rata-rata 88,83% pada validasi ahli pedagogik, dan presentase rata-rata 90,1% dengan kategori sangat layak pada validasi ahli media, dan memperoleh rata-rata presentase 66,67 dengan kategori cukup layak pada validasi ahli pendidikan karakter. Sehingga berdasarkan hasil validasi ahli e-modul ini layak digunakan dengan revisi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua kali uji coba dengan jumlah responden 26 siswa dalam satu rombel.

Kata Kunci: E-modul, Permainan Tradisional, Pendidikan karakter
PENGARUH KECANDUAN SMARTPHONE TERHADAP MOOD (SUASANA HATI) AND FEELING PADA REMAJA
Authors: Tino Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Masa remaja adalah masa transisi dari masa kanak-kanak ke masa dewasa. Remaja juga akan berada pada masa kritis, banyak mengalami masalah termasuk perasaan yang tidak stabil dan mood (suasana hati) yang berubah-ubah. Sehingga dapat memberikan dampak stress, cemas, dan mengganggu konsentrasi remaja dalam berfikir. Aktivitas sehari-hari seperti keseringan menggunakan smartphone bisa menjadi pemicu perubahan mood and feeling. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar tingkat kecanduan smartphone, pengukuran suasana hati dan perasaan, serta hubungan antara kecanduan smartphone dengan perasaan dan suasana hati remaja. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan pendekatan korelasi deskriptif. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan 2 tahapan kuesioner. Pertama menggunakan kuesioner Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) dan kuesioner kedua yaitu Mood and Feeling Question (MFQ) oleh Pengambilan populasi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik random sampling dengan jumlah responden yang di dapat sebanyak 165 orang dengan kriteria usia 10-18 tahun. Uji korelasi dilakukan menggunakan bivariate. Hasil dari penelitian ini tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kecanduan smartphone dengan mood and feeling dengan nilai signifikansi 0,505, karena nilai signifikansi >0,05. Kesimpulannya, perubahan mood and feeling merupakan situasi yang kompleks sehingga pemicunya bisa lebih dari satu faktor selain kecanduan smartphone.
Tathwir Maddah at-Ta’liim ala Asasi Tatbiq Cap Cut bi Istikhadami Instagram li Thalabah as-Shaf al-Asyir bi al-Madrasah al-Aliyah al-Hukumiyyah Palopo
Authors: Mangera Sunarti , Kartini  , Mubassyirah Bakri  
Published: August 2024

Abstract This research aims to determine the development process and level of validity of the product being developed. This type of research is research and development (R&D) by adapting the 4D development model which consists of four stages, namely definition, design, development and dissemination. The subjects of this research were class X students at MAN Palopo. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and documentation. Data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. The results of this development research are al-hiwayah teaching materials using Instagram based on the Capcut application for class X students at MAN Palopo. The product validation test results show that: 1) material expert validation obtained a score of 98.18%; 2) media expert validation obtained a score of 93.33%; 3) and learning expert validation obtained a score of 92.94%. Based on the results of product validation tests by three expert validators, it shows that al-hiwayah teaching materials using Instagram based on the Capcut application are very valid to be applied in Arabic language learning.

الملخص
يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحديد عملية التطوير ومستوى صلاحية المنتج المطور. نوع البحث هو البحث والتطوير (R&D) باستخدام نموذج تطوير D4 الذي يتكون من أربع مراحل وهي مرحلة التحديد، والتصميم، والتطوير، والانتشار. وحدات البحث هم طلبة الصف العاشر بالمدرسة العالية الحكومية فالوفو. وأساليب جمع البيانات المستخدمة هي الملاحظة والمقابلة وأوراق التحقق من الصحة واستبانات استجابة الطلبة والوثائق. وتم تحليل البيانات باستخدام أساليب تحليل البيانات الكيفية والكمية. نتيجة هذا البحث والتطوير هي مادة التعليم على أساس تطبيق CapCut بإستخدام إنستغرام في مادة الهواية لطلبة الصف العاشر بالمدرسة العالية الحكومية فالوفو. نتائج التحقق من صحة المنتج:1) التحقق من الصحة من قبل خبير المادة حصل على درجة 98،18%؛ 2) وخبير الوسيلة حصل على 93،33%؛ 3) وخبير التعليم حصل على 92،94%. بناءً على النتائج، يمكن استنتاج أن وسيلة التعليم المطورة صالحة جداً للتطبيق في تعليم اللغة العربية.
Tathwir wasilat fidiu al-rasum al-mutaharika limawad al-istima' fi ta'lim al-lughah al-'arabiyah fi al-saff al-'ashir bil-madrasah al-'aliyah al-jihad Buanjin Luwu al-Shamaliyah
Authors: Alfiani Wahid  , Kartini  , Alfan Putra  
Published: August 2024

This research aims to describe the development of an animated video tool for listening materials in teaching Arabic language in the tenth grade at Al-Jihad High School in Buanjin, and to describe the effectiveness of the animated video tool for listening materials in teaching Arabic language in the tenth grade at Al-Jihad High School in Buanjin. This research relies on the ADDIE model, which consists of (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, and (5) Evaluation. This research was conducted at Al-Jihad High School in Northern Buanjin by involving 9 respondents from August to September 2022 to determine the feasibility level of the learning tool. The results of this developmental research are: (1) Animated video products that contain educational materials and animations for students and teachers, attractive presentations, and training questions; (2) The feasibility level of the multimedia learning tool based on audiovisual Arabic language for tenth-grade students was rated by media experts with an overall average of 74% in the "Effective" category, by subject matter experts with an overall average of 90% in the "Very Effective" category, individual testing with an overall average of 80% in the "Effective" category, and tests conducted by students with an overall average of 93% in the "Very Effective" category. Therefore, it can be concluded that the animated video tool for learning audiovisual Arabic language that was developed is highly feasible for use with an overall average of 85%.

هذا البحث يهدف إلى وصف تطوير وسيلة فيديو الرسوم المتحركة المواد الاستماع في تعليم اللغة العربية في الصف العاشر بالمدرسة العالية الجهاد بوانجين، و وصف فعالية وسيلة فيديو الرسوم المتحركة المواد الاستماع في تعليم اللغة العربية في الصف العاشر بالمدرسة العالية الجهاد بوانجين. يعتمد هذا البحث على نموذج ADDIE وهي عبارة عن (1) التحليل، (2) التصميم، (3) الطوير، (4) التطبيق، و (5) التقييم. تم إجراء هذا البحث في المدرسة العالية الجهاد بوانجين لووو الشمالية من خلال إشراك 9 المدعى عليه في أغسطس إلى سبتمبر 2022 لتحديد مستوى جدوى وسيلة التعلم. نتائج هذا البحث التنموي هي: (1) منتجات فيديو متحركة تجتوي على مواد تعليمية ورسوم متحركة للطلاب والمعلمين و عروص جذابة وأسئلة تدريب (2) حصل مستوى جدو تعلم الوسيلة المتعددة على أساس اللغة العربية السمعي البصري لطلاب الصف عشر بو اسطة خبراء الإعلام على متوسط إجمالي قدره 74% في فئة "فعال"، من قبل خبراء المواد الذين حصلوا على متوسط إجمالي قدره 90% مع "فعال جدا"،" والاختبار من الفردية على متوسط إجمالي قدره 80 وهي " فعال"، وحصلت الاختبارات التي أجراها الطلاب على متوسط إجمالي قدره 93% في فئة " فعال جدا"، لذلك يمكن استنتاج أن وسيلة الفيديو المتحركة لتعلم اللغة العربية السمعية والبصرية التي تم تطويرها مجدية جدًا للاستخدام على متوسط إجمالي قدره 85%
Tathbiq Was?lah Bi??q?t Mu?awwarah Li-Ta?s?n Itq?n al-Mufrad?t al-?Arabiyyah li-?alabat a?-?aff as-S?bi? bi al-Madrasah ath-Th?nawiyyah N?r al-?ikmah T?l?da M?l?ngki L?w? ash-Sham?liyah
Authors: Syamsuddin Naidin , Nurmiati Nurmiati , Rosdeviana Rosdeviana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study examines the application of picture cards to improve the Arabic vocabulary proficiency of seventh grade students at Noor El Hikma Preparatory School, Tolada, North Malangki. Kimis and McTaggart's working research approach was used to monitor the effectiveness of this method in two educational sessions. The results of the study showed that the application of photo cards was effective in improving students' mastery of Arabic vocabulary. This is proven by significantly increasing the average score and level of completion of vocabulary exercises in each course. In the second cycle, 100% of students achieved a minimum completion score of 70%, demonstrating excellent vocabulary proficiency. These results show that picture cards can be a useful educational tool to improve Arabic vocabulary learning, especially for students who have difficulty with traditional educational methods.. Keywords: Teaching aid, Ficture Cards, Arabic Vocabulary.???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????. ?? ?????? ???????? ??? 100% ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? 70%? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????????. ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? . ??????? ?????????: ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????.
Tathwir wasilat al-kura al-mutaharika 'ala madaah al-adawat al-madrasiyah litalabat al-saff al-sabi' bil-madrasah al-thanawiyah Buwa Luwu
Authors: Mustafa Mustafa , Nur Amalia Ilyas  
Published: August 2024

Based on the observations made by the researcher, there are some obstacles that were found, including the lack of student interest and enthusiasm for learning the Arabic language, and some of them are still unable to read the alphabet. Therefore, the researcher took the title: Developing the Rolling Ball Tool for School Materials for Seventh Grade Students at Buwa Luwu High School. This research aims to develop the rolling ball tool for school materials for seventh grade students at Buwa Luwu High School. The researcher hopes that this research will be a solution that can be taken into consideration in the world of education, especially to increase students' understanding and enthusiasm for learning the Arabic language. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) methodology using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: (1) Analysis phase, (2) Design phase, (3) Development phase, (4) Implementation phase, (5) Evaluation phase. The results of this development are: developing the rolling ball tool for school materials for seventh grade students at Buwa Luwu High School in learning the Arabic language and the level of validity of this research. The suitability of the tool conducted by the media expert is 84%, the suitability of the tool conducted by the subject expert is 92%, and the suitability of the tool conducted by the subject teacher is 95%. Considering the results of the auditor and the number of questionnaires conducted by the researcher, it can be concluded that the presentation of the results of this research is accurate by 19%.
ملخص البحث
بناءً على الملاحظات التي قامت بها الباحثة، هناك بعض العوائق التي تم العثور عليها، منها قلة الاهتمام الطلبة حماسهم لتعليم اللغة العربية، وبعضهم لا يزالون غير قادرين على قراءة الحروف الهجائية. ولذلك أخذت الباحثة عنوان: تطوير وسيلة الكرة المتحركة على مادة الأدوات المدرسية لطلبة الصف السابع بالمدرسة الثانوية بووا لووو. يهدف هذا البحث إلى تطوير وسيلة الكرة المتحركة على مادة الأدوات المدرسية لطلبة الصف السابع بالمدرسة الثانوية بووا لووو. تأمل الباحثة أن يكون هذا البحث حلاً يمكن أخذه بعين الاعتبار في عالم التعليم، خاصة من أجل زيادة الفهم الطلبة والحماسة في تعليم اللغة العربية. يستخدم هذا البحث منهج البحث والتطوير (R&D) باستخدام نموذج ADDIE الذي يتكون من خمس مراحل: (1) مرحلة التحليل، (2) مرحلة التصميم، (3) مرحلة التطوير، (4) مرحلة التنفيذ، (5) مرحلة التقييم. نتائج هذا التطوير هي: تطوير وسيلة الكرة المتحركة على مادة الأدوات المدرسية لطلبة الصف السابع بالمدرسة الثانوية بووا في تعلم اللغة العربية وما هو مستوى التحقق من صحة هذا البحث. ملاءمة الوسيلة التي أجراها خبير الوسيلة 84%، ملاءمة الوسيلة التي أجراها خبير المادة 92%، ملاءمة الوسيلة التي أجراها مدرسة المادة 95%. وبالنظر إلى نتائج المدقق وعدد الاستبيانات التي اجرائها الباحثة، يمكن استنتاج أن عرض نتائج هذا البحث صحيح بنسبة 19%.

كلمات أساسية: التطوير، وسيلة الكرة المتحركة، المادة