bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migrating lumbar intrathecal catheter fragment associated with intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Hnenny Luke , Sabry Hatem A. , Raskin Jeffrey S. , Liu Jesse J. , Roundy Neil E. , Dogan Aclan 
Published: October 2014

Intrathecal catheter placement into the lumbar cistern has varied indications, including drug delivery and CSF diversion. These Silastic catheters are elastic and durable; however, catheter-associated malfunctions are well reported in the literature. Fractured catheters are managed with some variability, but entirely intradural retained fragments are often managed conservatively with observation.
The authors describe a case of a 70-year-old man with an implanted intrathecal morphine pump for failed back surgery syndrome who presented to an outside hospital with a history of headache, neck pain, nausea, and photophobia of 3 days' duration. He also described mild weakness and intermittent numbness of both legs. Unenhanced head CT demonstrated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A right C-5 hemilaminectomy was performed.
This case is unique in that there was no indication that the lumbar intrathecal catheter had fractured prior to the patient's presentation with SAH. This case demonstrates that intrathecal catheter fragments are mobile and can precipitate intracranial morbidity. Extrication of known fragments is safe and should be attempted to prevent further neurosurgical morbidity.
Levels of procoagulant microvesicles are elevated after traumatic injury and platelet microvesicles are negatively correlated with mortality
Authors: Curry Nicola , Raja Amber , Beavis James , Stanworth Simon , Harrison Paul 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundMicrovesicles (MV) have been implicated in the development of thrombotic disease, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure (MOF). Trauma patients are at increased risk of late thrombotic events, particularly those who receive a major transfusion. The aims of this study were: (a) to determine whether there were increased numbers of pro‐coagulant MV following injury; (b) to determine their cellular origin; and (c) to explore the effects of MV with clinical outcomes; in particular red cell transfusion requirements and death.MethodsTrauma patients were recruited at a Level 1 trauma centre. The presence of MV procoagulant phospholipid (PPL) was assessed using 2 activity assays (PPL and thrombin generation). Enumeration and MV cellular origin was assessed using 2 colour flow cytometry.ResultsFifty consecutive patients were recruited; median age 38 (IQR: 24–55), median ISS 18 (IQR: 9–27). Circulating procoagulant MV, rich in phospholipid, were significantly elevated following traumatic injury relative to controls and remained elevated at 72 h post‐injury. Red cell/AnnV+ and platelet/AnnV+ MV numbers were 6‐fold and 2‐fold higher than controls, respectively. Patients who died (n=9, 18%) had significantly fewer CD41/AnnV+ MV and lower endogenous thrombin potential relative to patients who survived.ConclusionsMV are elevated following traumatic injury and may be implicated in the increased risk of trauma patients to pro‐thrombotic states such as MOF and ARDS. Lower levels of procoagulant MV are associated with mortality and further investigation of this association is warranted.
Effects of functionally asexual reproduction on quantitative genetic variation in the evening primroses (Oenothera, Onagraceae)
Authors: Godfrey Ryan M. , Johnson Marc T. J. 
Published: October 2014

• Premise of the study: It has long been predicted that a loss of sexual reproduction leads to decreased heritable variation within populations and increased differentiation between populations. Despite an abundance of theory, there are few empirical tests of how sex affects genetic variation in phenotypic traits, especially for plants. Here we test whether repeated losses of two critical components of sex (recombination and segregation) in the evening primroses (Oenothera L., Onagraceae) affect quantitative genetic variation within and between populations.• Methods: We sampled multiple genetic families from 3–5 populations from each of eight Oenothera species, which represented four independent transitions between sexual reproduction and a functionally asexual genetic system called “permanent translocation heterozygosity.” We used quantitative genetics methods to partition genetic variation within and between populations for eight plant traits related to growth, leaf physiology, flowering, and resistance to herbivores.• Key results: Heritability was, on average, 74% higher in sexual Oenothera populations than in functionally asexual populations, with plant growth rate, specific leaf area, and the percentage of leaf water content showing the strongest differences. By contrast, genetic differentiation among populations was 2.8× higher in functionally asexual vs. sexual Oenothera species. This difference was particularly strong for specific leaf area. Sexual populations tended to exhibit higher genetic correlations among traits, but this difference was weakly supported.• Conclusions: These results support the prediction that sexual reproduction maintains higher genetic variation within populations, which may facilitate adaptive evolution. We also found partial support for the prediction that a loss of sex leads to greater population differentiation, which may elevate speciation rates.
Complete life cycle of the lichen fungus Calopadia puiggarii (Pilocarpaceae, Ascomycetes) documented in situ: Propagule dispersal, establishment of symbiosis, thallus development, and formation of sexual and asexual reproductive structures
Authors: Sanders William B. 
Published: October 2014

• Premise of the study: The life histories of lichen fungi are not well known and cannot be readily studied in laboratory culture. This work documents in situ the complete life cycle of the widespread crustose lichen Calopadia puiggarii, which reproduces sexually and asexually on the surfaces of leaves.• Methods: Plastic cover slips held in a mesh frame were placed over leaves in the field and successively removed for microphotography of colonizing lichens.• Key results: Macroconidia produced within campylidia encircled photobiont cells and codispersed with them, a feature not reported previously for C. puiggarii. Dispersed macroconidia readily germinated and lichenized the photobionts. Algal cells were often dislodged from the encircling macroconidia, providing a likely source for the free‐living populations observed. Aposymbiotically dispersed ascospores germinated and lichenized nearby algal cells soon after dispersal. Thallus areolae merged readily in early development, although adjacent mature thalli were often separated by growth inhibition zones. Pycnidia are reported for the first time in Calopadia; their pyriform microconidia probably function as male gametes (spermatia). Pycnidia, apothecia, and campylidia began development similarly as darkly pigmented primordia on the fungal prothallus.• Conclusions: Abundant dispersal of ascospores, conidia, and photobionts allows C. puiggarii to quickly colonize leaves with the dual advantages of sexual and asexual reproduction, and with the added convenience of having its algal partner on hand. Fusions and prothallic capture of additional algae provide many opportunities for multiple mycobiont and photobiont genotypes to be combined in a single thallus, but the outcomes of such events remain to be explored.
A Systematic Review and Adjusted Indirect Comparison of Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Cui Juncheng , Wu Bei , Liu Congwei , Li Zhihong 
Published: October 2014

Educational objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.
Recognize the high risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery.

2.
Distinguish the different pharmacological mechanisms of VTE prophylaxis drugs.

3.
Delineate the advantages and disadvantages of each VTE prophylaxis drug.

4.
Recognize that rivaroxaban is as efficacious as apixaban but can increase the risk of hemorrhage.

Patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery are at high risk for developing postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE). The authors analyzed the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of dabigatran, apixaban, and rivaroxaban vs low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) as VTE prophylaxis in major orthopedic surgery. Outcomes evaluated included total VTE, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), death, and major bleeding. Rivaroxaban and apixaban are more efficacious than dabigatran and are as safe as dabigatran. Rivaroxaban is as efficacious as apixaban but can increase the risk of hemorrhage. [
Orthopedics.
2014; 37(11):763–771.]
The Coming Swarm
Authors: Sauter Molly 
Published: October 2014

What is Hacktivism?
In The Coming Swarm, rising star Molly Sauter examines the history, development, theory, and practice of distributed denial of service actions as a tactic of political activism. The internet is a vital arena of communication, self expression, and interpersonal organizing. When there is a message to convey, words to get out, or people to unify, many will turn to the internet as a theater for that activity. As familiar and widely accepted activist tools-petitions, fundraisers, mass letter-writing, call-in campaigns and others-find equivalent practices in the online space, is there also room for the tactics of disruption and civil disobedience that are equally familiar from the realm of street marches, occupations, and sit-ins? With a historically grounded analysis, and a focus on early deployments of activist DDOS as well as modern instances to trace its development over time, The Coming Swarm uses activist DDOS actions as the foundation of a larger analysis of the practice of disruptive civil disobedience on the internet.
Outcomes of Endovascular versus Intravenous Thrombolytic Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Saeed Fahad , Adil Malik M. , Piracha Bilal Hussain , Qureshi Adnan I. 
Published: October 2014

Background and Objectives To compare the outcomes of IV thrombolytics (tissue plasminogen activator or tPA) with endovascular treatment (intra-arterial tPA ± mechanical thrombectomy) in dialysis patients who suffered from acute ischemic stroke. Study design Observational study. Setting and Participants Data analysis from Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS 2005–2010) including dialysis patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke, either treated with IV thrombolytics or endovascular treatment. Outcomes Baseline characteristics, in-hospital complications, and discharge outcomes were compared between the two groups. We determined the effect of endovascular treatment on in-hospital mortality, disability at discharge, and post-thrombolytic intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) after adjusting for potential confounders using multivariate analysis. Results Of the 2 313 dialysis patients with ischemic stroke, 1 398 (60%) received IV thrombolytics and 915 (40%) were treated with endovascular treatment. The in-hospital mortality rate and moderate-to-severe disability were lower in dialysis patients receiving endovascular treatment (7.6% vs. 14.5% p = 0.04) and (30% vs. 52% p = <.0001), respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, and potential confounders, endovascular treatment was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2–0.9) and moderate-to-severe disability (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.5). Conclusions The odds of both in-hospital mortality and moderate to severe disability were lower with endovascular treatment in dialysis patients. Such data support the preferential use of endovascular treatment in this patient population.
Heparin and Albumin as Part of the Priming Solution Limits Exposure to Anticoagulation during Hemodialysis: In Vitro Studies
Authors: Kyrk Tobias , Bechara Alex , Skagerlind Malin , Stegmayr Bernd 
Published: October 2014

Background Hemodialysis patients who are subject to increased risk of hemorrhage may need specific dialysis regimes to avoid bleeding. The aim of this study was to determine in vitro which of various anticoagulation options were most beneficial. Materials and Method 60 in vitro hemodialyses (HD) were performed in parallel using blood from healthy donors. The dialysis circuits were rinsed with either 1 L of 0.9% NaCl alone (n = 6), or with 1 L saline and the addition of either 5 mL 20% albumin (Alb, n = 6), 5,000 U of heparin (Hep, n = 6), Hep and Alb in combination (HA, n = 30), 20,000 U of Hep and Alb (4H-A, n = 6), and finally Hep and 20 mL 20% albumin (H-4A, n = 6). The blood was recirculated for a maximum of 192 min. Clotting was graded. Results A 192 min dialysis was completed with all series of HA, 4H-A, and H-4A, all with a slight grade of clotting. In contrast to the above settings (p = 0.002, Fisher's test), a total clotting of the dialysis circuit occurred for all series using the NaCl rinsing alone (median time to stop: 21, range: 18–27 min, p = 0.026 compared to the HA setting) and for the Alb rinsing (median 26, range: 19–35 min, p = 0.028). Conclusions Priming using HA, Hep, 4H-A, and H-4A reduced clotting and allowed 192 min of HD. Clinical studies need to confirm these data in vivo.
In Search of All Things Nordic, in South Tyrol (Italy): The SS Ancestral Inheritance’s Cultural Commission 1940–1943
Authors: Dow James R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
On January 2, 1940 Heinrich Himmler’s SS Ancestral Inheritance established a so-called Kulturkommission, then sent 14 working groups into South Tyrol, Italy. Special, over-proportional emphasis was put on collecting the full range of the Volkskunde canon and conducting dialect studies, by professionally trained folklorists, dialectologists, photographers, and filmmakers. For the Nazi "scholars"--many of whom were SS--the underlying assumption was that these were survivals of ancient Germanic traditions and language. Arguably, it is one of the largest folklore/linguistic field investigations in history. This present study addresses one particular aspect of this enormous undertaking: the underlying ideology, the search for Nordic sources in South Tyrol. The project has not been overlooked in Germany and Austria, but there seems to be little or no knowledge of it outside the German world.
Channeling, channel density and mass recovery in aquifer transport, with application to the MADE experiment
Authors: Fiori A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractChanneling effects in heterogeneous formations are studied through a new quantity denoted as channel density a(x,t). Focusing on advection only, a(x,t) is defined as the relative number of streamtubes (or channels) containing solute between x and x + dx at a given time t, regardless of the mass that they carry. The channel density generally differs from the widely employed longitudinal mass distribution m(x,t), and their difference increases with time and the degree of heterogeneity. The difference between a and m reflects the nonuniformity of mass distribution relative to the plume geometry. In particular, the “fast” channels typically carry a larger fraction of mass than their share in their relative volume, which in turn can be rather small. Detecting such channels by a network of monitoring wells may be a challenging task, which might explain the poor solute recovery of some field experiments at increasing times. After application of the proposed concepts to the simple case of stratified formations, we model the channel density and mass distribution pertaining to the MADE experiment, which exhibited poor mass recovery at large times. The results presented in this study emphasize the possible channeling effects at MADE and the general difficulty in sampling the leading edge of the plume, which in turn may contain a significant fraction of the plume mass.
Sirtuin 1 activator SRT2104 protects Huntington's disease mice
Authors: Jiang Mali , Zheng Jennifer , Peng Qi , Hou Zhipeng , Zhang Jiangyang , Mori Susumu , Ellis James L. , Vlasuk George P. , Fries Harvey , Suri Vipin , Duan Wenzhen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSirtuin 1 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide‐dependent protein deacetylase which regulates longevity and improves metabolism. Activation of Sirtuin 1 confers beneficial effects in models of neurodegenerative diseases. We and others have provided convincing evidence that overexpression of Sirtuin 1 plays a neuroprotective role in mouse models of Huntington's disease. In this study, we report that SRT2104, a small molecule Sirtuin 1 activator, penetrated the blood–brain barrier, attenuated brain atrophy, improved motor function, and extended survival in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. These findings imply a novel therapeutic strategy for Huntington's disease by targeting Sirtuin 1.
Randomized controlled trial: hybrid technique using balloon dilation of the frontal sinus drainage pathway
Authors: Hathorn Iain F. , Pace‐Asciak Pia , Habib Al‐Rahim R. , Sunkaraneni Vishnu , Javer Amin R. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThe objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to evaluate frontal sinus ostial patency following balloon dilation with the Ventera® Sinus Dilation System, compared with frontal sinusotomy (Draf 2a); and (2) to compare mean blood loss and mean surgical time for frontal sinusotomy using balloon dilation compared with traditional surgical methods.MethodsA single blinded, randomized, controlled, prospective study was performed at St. Paul's Sinus Center, Vancouver, a tertiary referral rhinology center. Thirty patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) were randomized to a hybrid approach with exposure of the frontal recess using standard instrumentation and then balloon dilation of 1 frontal sinus drainage pathway and traditional frontal sinusotomy for the opposite side. Blood loss and surgical time for opening the frontal sinus drainage pathway was recorded for each side. Patients acted as their own controls. Ostial patency and size were assessed 5 weeks and 3 months postoperatively using endoscopy. Ostial patency was also recorded at 1 year following surgery.ResultsAll frontal sinus ostia in both groups (n = 30) were successfully opened and were patent with both techniques 3 months postoperatively. All frontal sinus ostia assessed at 1 year (73%) remained patent and none required revision frontal surgery. Balloon dilation showed a mean surgical time of 655 seconds compared to 898 seconds for traditional FESS (p = 0.03). Mean blood loss was less with balloon dilation (58 mL vs 91 mL; p = 0.008).ConclusionA hybrid balloon technique successfully dilates the frontal sinus drainage pathway with reduced blood loss. Also, short‐term patency appears to be comparable to traditional frontal sinusotomy.
Size‐Controlled Synthesis of Platinum–Copper Hierarchical Trigonal Bipyramid Nanoframes
Authors: Chen Sheng , Su Hongyang , Wang Youcheng , Wu Wenlong , Zeng Jie 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMastery over the structure of materials at nanoscale can effectively tailor and control their catalytic properties, enabling enhancement in both activity and durability. We report a size‐controlled synthesis of novel Pt–Cu hierarchical trigonal bipyramid nanoframes (HTBNFs). The obtained nanocrystals looked like a trigonal bipyramid on the whole, composed of similar ordered frame structural units. By varying the amount of KI involved in the reaction, HTBNFs with variable sizes from 110 to 250 nm could be obtained. In addition, the structure of HTBNFs could be preserved only in a limited range of the Pt/Cu feeding ratio. Relative to the commercial Pt/C, these Pt–Cu HTBNFs with different Pt/Cu ratio exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward formic acid oxidation reaction as much as 5.5 times in specific activity and 2.1 times in mass activity. The excellent electrocatalytic activity and better durability are due to the unique structure of HTBNFs and probably synergetic effects between Pt and Cu.
Synthesis of Prebiotic Glycerol in Interstellar Ices
Authors: Kaiser Ralf I. , Maity Surajit , Jones Brant M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractContemporary mechanisms for the spontaneous formation of glycerol have not been able to explain its existence on early Earth. The exogenous origin and delivery of organic molecules to early Earth presents an alternative route to their terrestrial in situ formation since biorelevant molecules like amino acids, carboxylic acids, and alkylphosphonic acids have been recovered from carbonaceous chondrites. Reported herein is the first in situ identification of glycerol, the key building block of all cellular membranes, formed by exposure of methanol‐based — interstellar model ices to ionizing radiation in the form of energetic electrons. These results provide compelling evidence that the radiation‐induced formation of glycerol in low‐temperature interstellar model ices is facile. Synthesized on interstellar grains and eventually incorporated into the “building material” of solar systems, biorelevant molecules such as glycerol could have been dispensed to habitable planets such as early Earth by comets and meteorites.
Analysis of Shared and Sustainable Value Creation of Companies Providing Energy Solutions at the Base of the Pyramid (BoP)
Authors: Panapanaan Virgilio , Bruce Tytti , Virkki‐Hatakka Terhi , Linnanen Lassi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study was conducted to analyze the shared and sustainable value creation (SSVC) of 33 energy companies selling energy solutions at the base of the pyramid (BoP) markets. SSVC by selling energy technology solutions directed to address the cooking and lighting needs of BoP consumers were the main focus of analysis. Result showed that achieving profitability and affordability is affected by the kind of energy solution that is offered as well as the investment and level of commitment required. However, companies that fulfilled the profitable and affordable solutions were also able to deliver social and environmental sustainability benefits. Social sustainability benefits point to the ability of alleviating poverty by improving productivity or offering cost‐savings. Environmental sustainability benefits point to the energy savings. The findings show that inclusive business strategy is not necessarily required to reach the poor people profitably but a suitable business strategy depends on the type of energy solution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The Effect of Customer‐Centric Green Supply Chain Management on Operational Performance and Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Chavez Roberto , Yu Wantao , Feng Mengying , Wiengarten Frank 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study explores the links of implementing customer‐centric green supply chain management (GSCM) with its antecedent factors (i.e. customer pressure) and performance outcomes (i.e. operational performance and customer satisfaction). Data for this study were obtained through a survey of 126 automobile manufacturers in China. Results suggest that customer pressure has a positive effect on the implementation of customer‐centric GSCM, which, in turn, leads to multiple operational performance improvements (i.e. flexibility, delivery, quality and cost). While production flexibility and cost appear to have no significant impact on customer satisfaction, product quality and delivery are significantly and positively associated with customer satisfaction. On the practical front, this paper provides guidelines for managers in implementing customer‐centric GSCM to respond to customer pressures and improve firm performance, and for policy‐makers to encourage partner‐focused GSCM efforts in environmental policy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment