bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and insulin resistance in European adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study
Authors: Kondaki Katerina , Grammatikaki Evangelia , Jiménez-Pavón David , De Henauw Stefaan , González-Gross Marcela , Sjöstrom Michael , Gottrand Frédéric , Molnar Dénes , Moreno Luis A , Kafatos Anthony , Gilbert Chantal , Kersting Mathilde , Manios Yannis 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the consumption of selected food groups and insulin resistance, with an emphasis on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB).DesignThe present research is a large multicentre European study in adolescents, the HELENA-CSS (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study).SettingHomeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Several anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics were recorded. Dietary assessment was conducted by using a short FFQ.SubjectsThe participants were a subset of the original sample (n546) with complete data on glucose, insulin and FFQ. All participants were recruited at schools.ResultsMedian (25th, 75th percentile) HOMA-IR was 0·62 (0·44, 0·87). Mean HOMA-IR was significantly higher among adolescents consuming brown bread ≤1 time/week than among those consuming 2–6 times/week (P= 0·011). Mean values of HOMA-IR were also higher in adolescents consuming SSB >5 times/week compared with those consuming less frequently, although a statistically significant difference was detected between those consuming SSB 5–6 times/week and 2–4 times/week (P= 0·049). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only the frequency of SSB consumption was significantly associated with HOMA-IR after controlling for potential confounders. In particular, it was found that HOMA-IR levels were higher among adolescents consuming SSB 5–6 times/week and ≥1 time/d compared with those consuming ≤1 time/week by 0·281 and 0·191 units, respectively (P= 0·009 and 0·046, respectively).ConclusionsThe present study revealed that daily consumption of SSB was related with increased HOMA-IR in adolescents.
School food and nutrition policy, monitoring and evaluation in the USA
Authors: Hirschman Jay , Chriqui Jamie F 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo provide an overview of school food and nutrition monitoring from 1980 to the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 and data on school food availability in the USA.DesignA review of the history of school food and nutrition policy, monitoring and evaluation efforts in the USA over the past three decades.SettingUSA.SubjectsSchool food service, school districts and schools nationwide.ResultsThe school food environment in the USA is governed by a patchwork of federal, state and local laws and policies. The federal government has primary authority over the school meal programmes and has recently issued updated regulations governing the food and nutrient requirements for meals sold or served through the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs. Competitive foods (i.e. foods and beverages sold/served outside the meal programmes) are governed primarily by state and district laws and policies, although new federal regulations are expected to set minimum standards in this area. The USA has a long history of data monitoring and evaluation funded by government and private foundations which has enabled decision makers to monitor progress and opportunities to improve the foods and beverages made available to students in school.ConclusionsSchool food-related monitoring and evaluation research has been highly influential in influencing legislation and policy, leading to improvements in the foods and beverages available to children at school as part of planned meals and individual items sold outside the meal programmes. The lessons learned from the US experience provide insights that may be valuable for implementation, monitoring and evaluation of school food programmes in other countries.
Design, testing and validation of an innovative web-based instrument to evaluate school meal quality
Authors: Patterson Emma , Quetel Anna-Karin , Lilja Karin , Simma Marit , Olsson Linnea , Elinder Liselotte Schäfer 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a feasible, valid, reliable web-based instrument to objectively evaluate school meal quality in Swedish primary schools.DesignThe construct ‘school meal quality’ was operationalized by an expert panel into six domains, one of which was nutritional quality. An instrument was drafted and pilot-tested. Face validity was evaluated by the panel. Feasibility was established via a large national study. Food-based criteria to predict the nutritional adequacy of school meals in terms of fat quality, iron, vitamin D and fibre content were developed. Predictive validity was evaluated by comparing the nutritional adequacy of school menus based on these criteria with the results from a nutritional analysis. Inter-rater reliability was also assessed.SettingThe instrument was developed between 2010 and 2012. It is designed for use in all primary schools by school catering and/or management representatives.SubjectsA pilot-test of eighty schools in Stockholm (autumn 2010) and a further test of feasibility in 191 schools nationally (spring 2011).ResultsThe four nutrient-specific food-based criteria predicted nutritional adequacy with sensitivity ranging from 0·85 to 1·0, specificity from 0·45 to 1·0 and accuracy from 0·67 to 1·0. The sample in the national study was statistically representative and the majority of users rated the questionnaire positively, suggesting the instrument is feasible. The inter-rater reliability was fair to almost perfect for continuous variables and agreement was ≥67 % for categorical variables.ConclusionsAn innovative web-based system to comprehensively monitor school meal quality across several domains, with validated questions in the nutritional domain, is available in Sweden for the first time.
On the Search for the Authentic Liturgy of the Apostles: The Diversity of the Early Church as Normative for Anglicans
Authors: Barrington Bates J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis essay examines the Anglican claim for the early church as the normative standard for liturgy, as reiterated throughout our history from the time of Thomas Cranmer through the liturgical revisions of the late twentieth century. A secondary claim of general uniformity through similarity in texts of common prayer is then discussed as a point of historic resonance for Anglican identity. Some very general examples of early church evidence follow, as a means of debunking the notion of a unified and simple structure for primitive liturgy. I will then discuss the notion of ‘early church’, and what we mean by terms like it, and follow this with a consideration of liturgical diversity. The gospel call to privilege Christian unity, I will assert, remains the primary stumbling block to the full embracing of the God-given diversity of the one holy, catholic and apostolic church.
Linking the northern Alps with their foreland: The latest exhumation history resolved by low‐temperature thermochronology
Authors: von Hagke C. , Cederbom C. E. , Oncken O. , Stöckli D. F. , Rahn M. K. , Schlunegger F. 
Published: September 2012

The evolution of the Central Alpine deformation front (Subalpine Molasse) and its undeformed foreland is recently debated because of their role for deciphering the late orogenic evolution of the Alps. Its latest exhumation history is poorly understood due to the lack of late Miocene to Pliocene sediments. We constrain the late Miocene to Pliocene history of this transitional zone with apatite fission track and (U‐Th)/He data. We used laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry for apatite fission track dating and compare this method with previously published and unpublished external detector method fission track data. Two investigated sections across tectonic slices show that the Subalpine Molasse was tectonically active after the onset of folding of the Jura Mountains. This is much younger than hitherto assumed. Thrusting occurred at 10, 8, 6–5 Ma and potentially thereafter. This is contemporaneous with reported exhumation of the External Crystalline Massifs in the central Alps. The Jura Mountains and the Subalpine Molasse used the same detachments as the External Crystalline Massifs and are therefore kinematically coupled. Estimates on the amount of shortening and thrust displacement corroborate this idea. We argue that the tectonic signal is related to active shortening during the late stage of orogenesis.
Trends in the global tropopause thickness revealed by radiosondes
Authors: Feng Sha , Fu Yunfei , Xiao Qingnong 
Published: September 2012

The first global trends in the thickness of the tropopause layer (TL) are analyzed based on radiosonde data in the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA) for the period of 1965–2004. It reveals that TL has been thickening for the entire globe with positive trends of 0.16 ± 0.12 km/decade during this period. Statistically significant thickening is observed in the tropics, North Hemisphere (NH) extratropics, and NH poles. Accompanied by overall cooling of −0.58 ± 0.40 K/decade in TL's top, remarkable rising trends of 0.35 ± 0.29 km/decade are observed in the correspoding height. However, the anti‐correlation of the trends in the tropopause temperature and the corresponding height is not observed in its lower boundary, namely the first lapse rate tropopause (LRT), for all the latitude bands as suggested by the previous studies. The results imply that the temperature of the TL is primarily couple with the height of its upper boundary as the thickness of the TL is more correlated with the temperature of the lower stratosphere than with the tempeature of the upper troposphere. Long‐term changes in TL may in turn carry more information how tropopause change in response to climate change than in the sharp “tropopause surface” only.
Magnetic field fluctuations observed in the heliosheath by Voyager 1 at 114 ± 2 AU during 2010
Authors: Burlaga L. F. , Ness N. F. 
Published: September 2012

The radial component of the flow speed VR in the heliosheath was decreasing between 2009.0 (108.5 AU) and 2010.3, at which time it reached the “stagnation region” where VR ≈ 0 km/s from 2010.3 to at least to 2011.0 (115.7 AU). The fluctuations of the hour averages of the magnetic fieldBobserved by Voyager 1 (V1) each day throughout 2010 were primarily compressive (longitudinal) fluctuations, along theT(averageB) direction in HG coordinates. The yearly average of the daily standard deviations (SD) of the compressive component ofBwas 〈SDc〉 = 〈SD(BT)〉 ≈ 〈SD(B)〉 ≈ 0.015 nT. The corresponding standard deviations of the transverse components 〈SDt〉 = SD(BR) > ≈ 〈SD(BN)〉 ≈ 0.006 nT. During 2010, 〈SDc〉/〈SDt〉 > 2.6 and 〈SDc〉/〈B〉 = 0.15. The counting rate of cosmic rays >70 MeV/nuc tends to increase with increasing B and SDc, contrary to expectations.
Upper crustal structure of Newberry Volcano from P‐wave tomography and finite difference waveform modeling
Authors: Beachly Matthew W. , Hooft Emilie E. E. , Toomey Douglas R. , Waite Gregory P. 
Published: September 2012

Seismic tomography combined with waveform modeling constrains the dimensions and melt content of a magma body in the upper crust at Newberry Volcano. We obtain a P‐wave tomographic image by combining travel‐time data collected in 2008 on a line of densely spaced seismometers with active‐source data collected in the 1980s. The tomographic analysis resolves a high‐velocity intrusive ring complex surrounding a low‐velocity caldera‐fill zone at depths above 3 km and a broader high‐velocity intrusive complex surrounding a central low‐velocity anomaly at greater depths (3–6 km). This second, upper‐crustal low‐velocity anomaly is poorly resolved and resolution tests indicate that an unrealistically large, low‐velocity body representing ∼60 km3of melt could be consistent with the available travel times. The 2008 data exhibit low amplitude first arrivals and an anomalous secondary P wave phase originating beneath the caldera. Two‐dimensional finite difference waveform modeling through the tomographic velocity model does not reproduce these observations. To reproduce these phases, we predict waveforms for models that include synthetic low‐velocity bodies and test possible magma chamber geometries and properties. Three classes of models produce a transmittedP‐phase consistent with the travel time and amplitude of the observed secondary phase and also match the observed lower amplitude first arrivals. These models represent a graded mush region, a crystal‐suspension region, and a melt sill above a thin mush region. The three possible magma chamber models comprise a much narrower range of melt volumes (1.6–8.0 km3) than could be constrained by travel‐time tomography alone.
Probabilistic surface reconstruction from multiple data sets: An example for the Australian Moho
Authors: Bodin T. , Salmon M. , Kennett B. L. N. , Sambridge M. 
Published: September 2012

Interpolation of spatial data is a widely used technique across the Earth sciences. For example, the thickness of the crust can be estimated by different active and passive seismic source surveys, and seismologists reconstruct the topography of the Moho by interpolating these different estimates. Although much research has been done on improving the quantity and quality of observations, the interpolation algorithms utilized often remain standard linear regression schemes, with three main weaknesses: (1) the level of structure in the surface, or smoothness, has to be predefined by the user; (2) different classes of measurements with varying and often poorly constrained uncertainties are used together, and hence it is difficult to give appropriate weight to different data types with standard algorithms; (3) there is typically no simple way to propagate uncertainties in the data to uncertainty in the estimated surface. Hence the situation can be expressed by Mackenzie (2004): “We use fantastic telescopes, the best physical models, and the best computers. The weak link in this chain is interpreting our data using 100 year old mathematics”. Here we use recent developments made in Bayesian statistics and apply them to the problem of surface reconstruction. We show how the reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (rj‐McMC) algorithm can be used to let the degree of structure in the surface be directly determined by the data. The solution is described in probabilistic terms, allowing uncertainties to be fully accounted for. The method is illustrated with an application to Moho depth reconstruction in Australia.
Oxygen trends over five decades in the North Atlantic
Authors: Stendardo I. , Gruber N. 
Published: September 2012

We investigate long‐term trends in dissolved oxygen in the North Atlantic from 1960 to 2009 on the basis of a newly assembled high‐quality dataset consisting of oxygen data from three different sources: CARINA, GLODAP and the World Ocean Database. Oxygen trends are determined along isopycnal surfaces for eight regions and five water masses using a general least‐squares linear regression method that accounts for temporal auto‐correlation. Our results show a significant decrease of oxygen in the Upper (UW), Mode (MW) and Intermediate (IW) waters in almost all regions over the last 5 decades. Over the same period, oxygen increased in the Lower Intermediate Water (LIW) and Labrador Sea Water (LSW) throughout the North Atlantic. The observed oxygen decreases in the MW and IW of the northern and eastern regions are largely driven by changes in circulation and/or ventilation, while changes in solubility are the main driver for the oxygen decrease in the UW and the increases in the LIW and LSW. From 1960 until 2009 the UW, MW, and IW horizons have lost a total of −57 ± 34 Tmol, while the LIW and LSW horizons have gained 46 ± 47 Tmol, integrating to a roughly constant oxygen inventory in the North Atlantic. Comparing our oxygen trends with those of the oceanic heat content, we find an O2 to heat change ratio of −3.6 ± 2.8 nmol J−1 for the UW, MW and IW, and a ratio of −2.8 ± 3.4 nmol J−1 for the LIW and LSW. These ratios are substantially larger than those expected from solubility alone.
Retrieval of the spectral diffuse attenuation coefficientKd(λ) in open and coastal ocean waters using a neural network inversion
Authors: Jamet C. , Loisel H. , Dessailly D. 
Published: September 2012

The diffuse attenuation coefficient,Kd(λ) is a fundamental radiometric parameter that is used to assess the light availability in the water column. A neural network approach is developed to assessKd(λ) at any visible wavelengths from the remote sensing reflectances as measured by the SeaWiFS satellite sensor. The neural network (NN) inversion is trained using a combination of simulated and in‐situ data sets covering a broad range ofKd(λ), between 0.0073 m−1at 412 nm and 12.41 m−1at 510 nm. The performance of the retrieval is evaluated against two data sets, one consisting of mainly synthetic data while the other one contains in‐situ data only and is compared to those obtained with previous published empirical (NASA, Morel and Maritorena (2001) and Zhang and Fell (2007)) and semi‐analytical (Lee et al., 2005b) algorithms. On the in‐situ data set from the COASTLOOC campaign, the retrieval accuracy of the present algorithm is quite similar to published algorithms for oligotrophic and mesotrophic ocean waters. But for Kd(490) > 0.25 m−1, the NN approach allows to retrieve Kd(490) with a much better accuracy than the four other methods. The results are consistent when compared with other SeaWiFS wavelengths. This new inversion is as suitable in the open ocean waters as in the turbid waters. The work here is straightforwardly applicable to the MERIS sensor and with few changes to the MODIS‐AQUA sensor. The algorithm in matlab and C code is provided as auxiliary material.
Modulation of CD147-induced matrix metalloproteinase activity: role of CD147 N-glycosylation
Authors: Huang Wan , Luo Wen-Juan , Zhu Ping , Tang Juan , Yu Xiao-Ling , Cui Hong-Yong , Wang Bin , Zhang Yang , Jiang Jian-Li , Chen Zhi-Nan 
Published: September 2012

Degradation of the basement membrane by MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) is one of the most critical steps in tumour progression. CD147 is a tumour-associated antigen that plays a key regulatory role for MMP activities. In the present study, mass spectrum analysis demonstrated that the purified native CD147 from human lung cancer tissue was N-glycosylated and contained a series of high-mannose and complex-type N-linked glycan structures. Moreover, native glycosylated CD147 existed exclusively as oligomers in solution and directly stimulated MMP production more efficiently than non-glycosylated prokaryotic CD147. The glycosylation site mutation results indicated that, among three N-glycan attachment sites, the N152Q mutants were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and unfolded protein response signalling was activated. This improper intracellular accumulation impaired its MMP-inducing activity. Increased β1,6-branching of N-glycans as a result of overexpression of GnT-V (N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V) plays an important role in tumour metastasis. In the present study, we identified CD147 as a target protein of GnT-V and found that overexpression of GnT-V resulted in an elevated level of CD147 at the plasma membrane and in cell-conditioned medium, thereby increasing the induction of MMPs. The present study reveals the important role of N-glycosylation of CD147 in its biological function and implied that targeting aberrant β1,6-branching of N-glycans on CD147 would be valuable for the development of novel therapeutic modalities against carcinoma.
Small-molecule inhibition of MLL activity by disruption of its interaction with WDR5
Authors: Senisterra Guillermo , Wu Hong , Allali-Hassani Abdellah , Wasney Gregory A. , Barsyte-Lovejoy Dalia , Dombrovski Ludmila , Dong Aiping , Nguyen Kong T. , Smil David , Bolshan Yuri , Hajian Taraneh , He Hao , Seitova Alma , Chau Irene , Li Fengling , Poda Gennadiy , Couture Jean-François , Brown Peter J. , Al-Awar Rima , Schapira Matthieu , Arrowsmith Cheryl H. , Vedadi Masoud 
Published: September 2012

WDR5 (WD40 repeat protein 5) is an essential component of the human trithorax-like family of SET1 [Su(var)3–9 enhancer-of-zeste trithorax 1] methyltransferase complexes that carry out trimethylation of histone 3 Lys4 (H3K4me3), play key roles in development and are abnormally expressed in many cancers. In the present study, we show that the interaction between WDR5 and peptides from the catalytic domain of MLL (mixed-lineage leukaemia protein) (KMT2) can be antagonized with a small molecule. Structural and biophysical analysis show that this antagonist binds in the WDR5 peptide-binding pocket with a Kd of 450 nM and inhibits the catalytic activity of the MLL core complex in vitro. The degree of inhibition was enhanced at lower protein concentrations consistent with a role for WDR5 in directly stabilizing the MLL multiprotein complex. Our data demonstrate inhibition of an important protein–protein interaction and form the basis for further development of inhibitors of WDR5-dependent enzymes implicated in MLL-rearranged leukaemias or other cancers.
Platelet‐rich plasma‐derived growth factors promote osteogenic differentiation of rat muscle satellite cells: in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Huang Shengyun , Wang Zuolin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPRP (platelet‐rich plasma)‐derived growth factors are a new application of tissue engineering and a developing area for researchers and clinicians. We have assessed the effects of PRP‐derived growth factors on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rMSCs (rat muscle satellite cells), and constructed a novel tissue engineering bone composed of PRP‐derived growth factors and rMSCs. PRP were created by a freeze‐thaw process. rMSCs were isolated from rat masticatory muscle using serial platings technique. Wst‐1 assay, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity, total protein concentration, AR (Alizarin red S) staining, calcium analyses and RT‐PCR (reverse transcription–PCR) of osteogenic‐related genes were used to assess the effect of PRP‐derived growth factors on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of cultured rMSCs on scaffolds. The different composite scaffolds were implanted to the subcutaneous spaces of nude mice. H&E (haematoxylin and eosin) and Masson's trichrome staining were used to examine the ectopic bone formation. In vitro, we found that PRP‐derived growth factors showed excellent cell compatibility and significantly enhanced cell proliferation over serum and control groups at 48 and 72 h. SEM, ALP activity, AR staining, calcium analyses and RT‐PCR showed that PRP‐derived growth factors significantly increased cells osteogenic differentiation when compared with other groups. In vivo examination showed that more fibrous tissue capsule and bone with lamellar structures appeared in PRP‐derived growth factors groups. These results suggest that the PRP‐derived growth factors significantly promote rMSCs proliferation, osteogenic differentiation compared with serum and scaffolds alone, and may be suitable for stem cell growth factors delivery and bone tissue engineering.