bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface guided ring gantry radiotherapy in deep inspiration breath hold for breast cancer patients
Authors: Kadhim Mustafa , Haraldsson André , Kügele Malin , Enocson Hedda , Bäck Sven , Ceberg Sofie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated the use of surface guided radiotherapy (SGRT) in combination with a tomotherapy treatment mode using discrete delivery angles for deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) treatments of breast cancer (bc). We aimed to assess the feasibility and dosimetric advantages of this approach.Materials and methodsWe evaluated camera occlusion in the Radixact treatment system bore and the stability of DIBH signals during couch movement. The SGRT system's ability to maintain signal and surface image accuracy was analyzed at different depths within the bore. Dosimetric parameters were compared and measured for 20 left‐sided bc patients receiving TomoDirect (TD) tangential radiotherapy in both DIBH and free breathing (FB).ResultsThe SGRT system maintained surface coverage and precise DIBH‐signal at depths up to 40 cm beyond the treatment center. Camera occlusion occurred in the clavicular and neck regions due to the patient's morphology and gantry geometry. Nonetheless, the system accurately detected respiratory motion for all measurements. The DIBH plans significantly (p < 0.001) reduced mean heart and left anterior descending artery (LAD) radiation doses by up to 40%, with a 50% reduction in near‐maximum heart and LAD doses, respectively. No significant dosimetric differences between DIBH and FB were observed in other investigated parameters and volumes.ConclusionsCamera occlusion and couch movement minimally impacted the real‐time surface image accuracy needed for DIBH treatments of bc. DIBH reduced heart and LAD radiation doses significantly compared to FB, indicating the feasibility and dosimetric benefits of combining these modalities.
Adaptive sliding mode control for quadrotor transport systems with uncertain parameters and disturbances
Authors: Huang Longkang , Yang Yanhua , Chen Yang 
Published: August 2024

SummaryQuadrotor transportation systems have been widely utilized in both commercial and civilian fields. However, challenges arise due to the variable payload mass and unpredictable wind disturbances during cargo transport, potentially leading to excessive payload swinging and system instability. To tackle this issue, this article proposes an adaptive sliding mode control approach that concurrently achieves trajectory tracking for the quadrotor and mitigates payload swinging. In the outer loop subsystem, the quadrotor dynamics model is partitioned into two components that is, actuated and underactuated components. Sliding surfaces are designed based on this divided system model, and two adaptive laws are designed to compensate for payload mass uncertainty and unknown wind disturbances. The system's asymptotic stability is assured through the application of the Lyapunov theorem. In the inner loop subsystem, a disturbance rejection controller is formulated. Comparative simulation results conclusively demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed method in terms of trajectory tracking and robustness.
Enhanced Photorefractive Performance by Controlling Ion‐Assisted Charge Injection and Accumulation with Random Biphenyl Co‐Polymerized Poly(Carbazolyl‐Amine)
Authors: Tsai Meng‐Che , Wang Kuo‐Lung , Wada Satoshi , Hsieh Chu‐Liang , Tseng Liang‐Chieh , Horie Masaki , Sassa Takafumi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the synthesis of poly(carbazolyl‐amine)s with a random co‐polymerized biphenyl group through the Buchwald–Hartwig amination to enhance ion‐assisted space‐charge‐limited current (SCLC) and achieve efficient performance in photorefractive (PR) polymers, is reported. By modulating the polymer crystallinity, the efficient accumulation of ions near an electrode is achieved and enhanced ion‐assisted SCLC is realized, which results in a magnified electric field inside the polymers. The internal electric field is increased by the stacked charges injected from the electrode, and it is further enhanced by the washing out of ions. The polymer, blended with the electro–optical chromophore and sensitizer, exhibits a high PR sensitivity of 16.7 cm3 kJ−1 and a device stability of up to E = 80 V µm−1 at a wavelength of 633 nm, which is comparable to that of the inorganic crystals Bi12SiO20 and Sn2P2S6.
Nanosecond Laser Debonding Using an Ultrathin Absorber Layer in a Transparent Composite: Making a Light‐Powered Exploding Bolt
Authors: Anwar Touhid Bin , Bardeen Christopher J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLocalized heating of an adhesive interface can separate glued substrates for recycling or reconfiguring. Light provides a way to deposit energy at this type of buried interface, but the photon energy must still be transformed into thermal energy. The deposition of an ultrathin (<1 µm) absorbing layer before gluing provides a way to build this photothermal capability into the bonded structure. To demonstrate this concept, a submicron absorbing layer composed of the dye Fluorescein 27 (F27) is applied to a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate that is glued to a second PMMA piece using a commercial cyanoacrylate adhesive. The laser debonding is characterized as function of dye layer thickness, applied pressure, and laser pulse fluence. A 450 nm thick dye layer retained a high adhesive strength of 3.5 MPa but can be debonded by a single 532 nm nanosecond laser pulse with a fluence ≤ 0.7 J cm−2. Decomposition of the absorbing layer resulted in rapid gas evolution that left the micron‐scale surface morphology of the PMMA substrate intact. This system enabled the fabrication of an optical analog to the exploding bolt, where a single laser pulse can impulsively separate a structural fastener.
Nanozyme‐Enabled Biomedical Diagnosis: Advances, Trends, and Challenges
Authors: Tian Qingzhen , Li Shu , Tang Zheng , Zhang Ziyu , Du Dan , Zhang Xiao , Niu Xiangheng , Lin Yuehe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs nanoscale materials with the function of catalyzing substrates through enzymatic kinetics, nanozymes are regarded as potential alternatives to natural enzymes. Compared to protein‐based enzymes, nanozymes exhibit attractive characteristics of low preparation cost, robust activity, flexible performance adjustment, and versatile functionalization. These advantages endow them with wide use from biochemical sensing and environmental remediation to medical theranostics. Especially in biomedical diagnosis, the feature of catalytic signal amplification provided by nanozymes makes them function as emerging labels for the detection of biomarkers and diseases, with rapid developments observed in recent years. To provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress made in this dynamic field, here an overview of biomedical diagnosis enabled by nanozymes is provided. This review first summarizes the synthesis of nanozyme materials and then discusses the main strategies applied to enhance their catalytic activity and specificity. Subsequently, representative utilization of nanozymes combined with biological elements in disease diagnosis is reviewed, including the detection of biomarkers related to metabolic, cardiovascular, nervous, and digestive diseases as well as cancers. Finally, some development trends in nanozyme‐enabled biomedical diagnosis are highlighted, and corresponding challenges are also pointed out, aiming to inspire future efforts to further advance this promising field.
Chirality‐Induced Magnetic Polarization by Charge Localization in a Chiral Supramolecular Crystal
Authors: Verhage Michael , Bampoulis Pantelis , Preuss Marco D. , Filot Ivo , Joosten Rick R. M. , Friedrich Heiner , Meijer E. W. , Flipse Kees 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe chirality‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect is a fascinating phenomenon that correlates the molecular structure with electron spin‐polarization (SP). Experimental procedures to quantify the spin‐filtering magnitude have extensively used magnetic‐field‐dependent conductive AFM. In this work chiral crystals of imide‐substituted coronene bisimide ((S)‐CBI‐GCH) are studied to explain the dynamics of the current–voltage I − V spectra and the origin of superimposed peaks are investigated. A dynamic voltage‐sweep rate‐dependent phenomenon can give rise to complex I − V curves. The redox group, capable of localization of charge, acts as a localized state that interferes with the continuum of the π – π stacking, giving rise to Fano resonances. A novel mechanism for dynamic transport is introduced, which provides insight into the origin of spin‐polarized charge in crystallized CBI‐GCH molecules after absorption on a metallic substrate, guided by transient charge polarization. Crucially, interference between charge localization and delocalization during transport may be important properties in understanding the magnetochiral phenomena observed by electrostatic force microscopy. Finally, it is observed that charge trapping sensitively modifies the injection barrier from direct tunneling to Fowler–Nordheim tunneling transport supporting nonlinearity in CISS for this class of molecules.
Recent Advances in Antimony Selenide Photodetectors
Authors: Liu Jiaojiao , Chen Zhenbo , Wu Cheng , Yu Xiaoming , Yu Xuan , Chen Chao , Li Zhenhua , Qiao Qian , Cao Yu , Zhou Yingtang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotodetectors (PDs) rapidly capture optical signals and convert them into electrical signals, making them indispensable in a variety of applications including imaging, optical communication, remote sensing, and biological detection. Recently, antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) has achieved remarkable progress due to its earth‐abundant, low toxicity, low price, suitable bandgap width, high absorption coefficient, and unique structural characteristics. Sb2Se3 has been extensively studied in solar cells, but there's a lack of timely updates in the field of PDs. A literature review based on Sb2Se3 PDs is urgently warranted. This review aims to provide a concise understanding of the latest progress in Sb2Se3 PDs, with a focus on the basic characteristics and the performance optimization for Sb2Se3 photoconductive‐type and photodiode‐type detectors, including nanostructure regulation, process optimization, and stability improvement of flexible devices. Furthermore, the application progresses of Sb2Se3 PDs in heart rate monitoring, and monolithic‐integrated matrix images are introduced. Finally, this review presents various strategies with potential and feasibility to address challenges for the rapid development and commercial application of Sb2Se3 PDs.
Robust Field‐Free Switching Using Large Unconventional Spin‐Orbit Torque in an All‐Van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Yiyang , Ren Xiaolin , Liu Ruizi , Chen Zehan , Wu Xuezhao , Pang Jie , Wang Wei , Lan Guibin , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Shi Youguo , Yu Guoqiang , Shao Qiming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe emerging all‐van der Waals (vdW) magnetic heterostructure provides a new platform to control the magnetization by the electric field beyond the traditional spintronics devices. One promising strategy is using unconventional spin‐orbit torque (SOT) exerted by the out‐of‐plane polarized spin current to enable deterministic magnetization switching and enhance the switching efficiency. However, in all‐vdW heterostructures, large unconventional SOT remains elusive and the robustness of the field‐free switching against external magnetic field has not been examined, which hinders further applications. Here, the study demonstrates the field‐free switching in an all‐vdW heterostructure combining a type‐II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4 and above‐room‐temperature ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2. The fully field‐free switching can be achieved at 2.56 × 1010 A m−2 at 300 K and a large SOT effective field efficiency of the out‐of‐plane polarized spin current generated by TaIrTe4 is determined to be 0.37. Moreover, it is found that the switching polarity cannot be changed until the external in‐plane magnetic field reaches 252 mT, indicating a robust switching against the magnetic field. The numerical simulation suggests the large unconventional SOT reduces the switching current density and enhances the robustness of the switching. The work shows that all‐vdW heterostructures are promising candidates for future highly efficient and stable SOT‐based devices.
Antifreeze Polyvinyl Alcohol Organohydrogel Sensors Containing Polypyrrole Nanowires Self‐Assembled onto Graphene Oxide Nanoplatelets with High Electrical Conductivity and Improved Mechanical Properties
Authors: Yang Pengcheng , Bai Junwei , Olivieri Federico , Santillo Chiara , Castaldo Rachele , Gentile Gennaro , Zhang Junhua , Lavorgna Marino , Buonocore Giovanna G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConductive hydrogels exhibit significant potential for flexible electronics owing to their exceptional flexibility, resistance to deformation, and high conductivity. However, there is a critical need to develop hydrogels that can withstand extremely low temperatures while exhibiting good mechanical properties. In this study, carboxyl‐modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the gel matrix, dimethylsulfoxide and water as a mixed solvent solution, and graphene oxide (GO) assembled polypyrrole (PPy) nanowires are used to prepare a new type of antifreeze conductive organohydrogel (PGOPPy). The PGOPPy organohydrogel demonstrates outstanding antifreeze properties, retaining its flexibility at temperatures as low as −75 °C. It exhibits a fracture strength of 0.80 MPa and an elongation at break of 436% at room temperature. Remarkably, after being stored at room temperature for 15 days, the diameter of the PGOPPy organohydrogel changes only by 4%. Moreover, PGOPPy shows high electrical conductivity, up to 1.07 S m−1, and exhibits variable conductivity in response to mechanical deformation, with a stable response over cyclic deformations, allowing its use as a sensor to monitor body movements. Results demonstrate that the developed material is very promising as an effective sensor technology for use in extremely cold environments. Moreover, this work provides a general method for preparing antifreeze organhydrogels using water and dimethylsulfoxide as mixed solvents.
Two Photocatalytic Pathways for Reductive Dearomatizations of N‐Arylformylindoles by a Visible‐Light Triplet Organocatalyst
Authors: Ma Meng‐Yue , Cai Yi‐Ping , Song Qin‐Hua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA visible‐light triplet photocatalyst 5‐acetyl‐2‐mercapto‐benzoic acid methyl ester (AcBSH) was developed through introducing acetyl into benzenethiolate to improve the efficiency of intersystem crossing (ISC) and using o‐methoxyformyl to increase the molar extinction coefficient. In the photocatalytic system of AcBSH, the reductive dearomatization of N‐arylformylindoles is achieved to afford the desired indolines in moderate to excellent yields, including both indoles without (1) and with 2‐substituent (2). The 2‐substituent is a steric hindrance for the conjugation between benzoyl and indole moiety, and makes indole 2 and indole 1 exhibit different reduction potentials (Ered) and different triplet energy levels (ΔET). Thereby, two kinds of substrates undergo primarily two photocatalytic pathways: i) successive SET/protonation pathway, which merging photosensitization via triplet‐triplet energy transfer (EnT) and photoinduced SET for substrates 1, and ii) single electron transfer (SET) from the triplet photocatalyst and a concerted hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process for substrates 2.
Effector Binding Sequentially Alters KRAS Dimerization on the Membrane: New Insights Into RAS‐Mediated RAF Activation
Authors: Lee Soo‐Yeon , Eun Hyun‐Jong , Lee Ki‐Young 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRAS proteins are peripheral membrane GTPases that activate multiple downstream effectors for cell proliferation and differentiation. The formation of a signaling RAS–RAF complex at the plasma membrane is implicated in a quarter of all human cancers; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this work, nanodisc platforms and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) analyses to determine the structure of a hetero‐tetrameric complex comprising KRAS and the RAS‐binding domain (RBD) and cysteine‐rich domain (CRD) of activated RAF1 are employed. The binding of the RBD or RBD–CRD differentially alters the dimerization modes of KRAS on both anionic and neutral membranes, validated by interface‐specific mutagenesis. Notably, the RBD binding allosterically generated two distinct KRAS dimer interfaces in equilibrium, favored by KRAS free and in complex with the RBD–CRD, respectively. Additional interactions of the CRD with both KRAS protomers are mutually cooperative to stabilize a new dimer configuration of KRAS bound to the RBD–CRD. The RAF binding sequentially alters KRAS dimerization, providing new insights into RAF activation, including a configurational transition of the KRAS dimer to provide an interaction site for the CRD and release the autoinhibited RAF complex. These methods are applicable to many other signaling protein complexes on the membrane.
Enhanced Emitting Dipole Orientation Based on Asymmetric Iridium(III) Complexes for Efficient Saturated‐Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Shi Kefei , Wu Chengcheng , Zhang He , Tong Kai‐Ning , He Wei , Li Wansi , Jin Zhaoyun , Jung Sinyeong , Li Siqi , Wang Xin , Gong Shaolong , Zhang Yuewei , Zhang Dongdong , Kang Feiyu , Chi Yun , Yang Chuluo , Wei Guodan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThree novel asymmetric Ir(III) complexes have been rationally designed to optimize their emitting dipole orientations (EDO) and enhance light outcoupling in blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), thereby boosting their external quantum efficiency (EQE). Bulky electron‐donating groups (EDGs), namely: carbazole (Cz), di‐tert‐butyl carbazole (tBuCz), and phenoxazine (Pxz) are incorporated into the tridentate dicarbene pincer chelate to induce high degree of packing anisotropy, simultaneously enhancing their photophysical properties. Angle‐dependent photoluminescence (ADPL) measurements indicate increased horizontal transition dipole ratios of 0.89 and 0.90 for the Ir(III) complexes Cz‐dfppy‐CN and tBuCz‐dfppy‐CN, respectively. Analysis of the single crystal structure and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results revealed an inherent correlation between molecular aspect ratio and EDO. Utilizing the newly obtained emitters, the blue OLED devices demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving a maximum EQE of 30.7% at a Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.140, 0.148). Optical transfer matrix‐based simulations confirmed a maximum outcoupling efficiency of 35% due to improved EDO. Finally, the tandem OLED and hyper‐OLED devices exhibited a maximum EQE of 44.2% and 31.6%, respectively, together with good device stability. This rational molecular design provides straightforward guidelines to reach highly efficient and stable saturated blue emission.
Mimosa‐Inspired Body Temperature‐Responsive Shape Memory Polymer Networks: High Energy Densities and Multi‐Recyclability
Authors: Kong Qingming , Tan Yu , Zhang Haiyang , Zhu Tengyang , Li Yitan , Xing Yongzheng , Wang Xu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInspired by the Mimosa plant, this study herein develops a unique dynamic shape memory polymer (SMP) network capable of transitioning from hard to pliable with heat, featuring reversible actuation, self‐healing, recyclability, and degradability. This material is adept at simulating the functionalities of artificial muscles for a variety of tasks, with a remarkable specific energy density of 1.8 J g−1—≈46 times higher than that of human skeletal muscle. As an intelligent manipulator, it demonstrates remarkable proficiency in identifying and handling items at high temperatures. Its suitable rate of shape recovery around human body temperature indicates its promising utility as an implant material for addressing acute obstructions. The dynamic covalent bonding within the network structure not only provides excellent resistance to solvents but also bestows remarkable abilities for self‐healing, reprocessing, and degradation. These attributes significantly boost its practicality and environmental sustainability. Anticipated to promote advancements in the sectors of biomedical devices, soft robotics, and smart actuators, this SMP network represents a forward leap in simulating artificial muscles, marking a stride toward the future of adaptive and sustainable technology.
Cellulose/castor oil‐based polyurethane film composite for aqueous Cd and Pb adsorption: Evaluation using laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Iqhrammullah Muhammad , Suyanto Hery , Rahmi Rahmi , Fahrurrozi  , Patra Aldi , Abdulmadjid Syahrun Nur 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCastor oil‐based polyurethane has been researched for its utility in heavy metal adsorption. To improve the adsorptive performance, the polymer can be incorporated with cellulose—a renewable and widely available biopolymer. The aim of this research was to synthesize a film composite prepared from castor oil‐based polyurethane and cellulose for adsorptive removal of aqueous Cd and Pb. One‐shoot synthesis method was employed by mixing cellulose filler with castor oil and toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Characterization was carried out by FT‐IR, SEM, TGA, DSC, and contact angle analyses. Batch adsorption was carried out for the Cd and Pb with variations in contact time and initial pH, before analyzed for the adsorptive performance using 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser spectroscopy. The resulted adsorbents had improved thermal stability, and lower hydrophobicity. Adsorption of Pb and Cd increased 2 and 35 times after the addition of 0.1 g cellulose, respectively. Batch adsorption test revealed that the optimum conditions are 120‐min contact time and pH of 9 and 7 (for Cd and Pb, respectively). In conclusion, incorporation of cellulose could modify the characteristics of castor oil‐based polyurethane film and improve the adsorption of Cd and Pb.
Physicochemical and sensory properties of fermented milk supplemented with sundried African horned melon
Authors: Micheni Brenda , Owaga Eddy , Mugendi Beatrice 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAfrican horned melon (AHM) (Cucumis metuliferus), indigenous to Kenya. It contains high polyphenol and antioxidant content, yet remains underutilized in food products. This study sought to increase the utilization of AHM by developing a supplemented milk product and evaluating the effects of sundried AHM powder on the physicochemical and sensory properties of the fermented milk product. The fermented milk was supplemented with three different forms of AHM powder: whole fruit, peel, and seed, at concentrations of 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1% w/v. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), syneresis, texture, and viscosity were measured, alongside sensory acceptability assessments. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.05) in physicochemical and sensory properties between the control (did not contain AHM) and supplemented samples, particularly at higher concentrations and extended storage periods. The inclusion of AHM powder markedly influenced the fermented milk's properties, with increased TTA and syneresis in samples with higher melon powder concentrations. TTA ranged between 0.32% and 0.46% among all samples during storage which were comparatively higher than the recommended values for fermented milk products at 0.3%. pH findings range was 4.22 and 4.58. The pH range between 4.2 and 4.6 is recommended by FDA for fermented milk. Syneresis were between 2% and 13%. Texture was between 1.24 and 3.95 N. Viscosity was between 1.67 and 3.87 cP. Sensory scores ranged from 8.00 to 2.67 during storage. Fruit seed powder (FSP1) recorded the lowest amount of pH. Control maintained a higher score in the sensory attributes.