bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
America's Descent into Madness
Authors: Giroux Henry A. 
Published: May 2014

This article describes America's descent into madness under the regime of neoliberalism that has emerged in the United States since the late 1970s. In part, this is due to the emergence of a public pedagogy produced by the corporate-owned media that now saturates Americans with a market-driven value system that undermines those formative cultures and public spheres necessary to educate a critical and engaged citizenry. A culture of illiteracy, cruelty, and punishment is circulated through the various stories that America now tells about its self—stories that are narrated by the one percent and legitimated by the anti-public intellectuals who work for them. Neoliberal stories occupy a dead zone inimical to the promises of a substantive democracy and must be challenged by making education central to any viable notion of politics. Stories that invoke collective struggle, public memories of resistance, and modes of individual and collective agency are needed to inspire a populist politics and an organized social movement. America has entered one of its periods of historical madness, but this is the worst I can remember: worse than McCarthyism, worse than the Bay of Pigs and in the long term potentially more disastrous than the Vietnam War. (le Carré)
On the Critique of Everyday Life to Metaphilosophy: Henri Lefebvre's Philosophical-Political Legacy of the Cultural Revolution
Authors: Sünker Heinz 
Published: May 2014

Henri Lefebvre (1901–91), philosopher and sociologist, is, together with Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Walter Benjamin and Ernst Bloch, one of the most relevant representatives of the first generation in Western Marxism. His engagement with Marxism led him to analyse everyday life in post-war France in order to decipher the possibilities of, and chances for, real social change and not only the exchange of functional elites and dominant powers. His intention was to deal with Marx's critique of political economy and undergird it with the concrete elements of the life of the people. He extended the theoretical elements of Capital to the real experiences of the people. He took everyday life — rehabilitating it in the process — as the starting point for all other activities of human beings. Complementary to this, he reconstructed the philosophical tradition within his concept of metaphilosophy. Therefore we can speak of a mediation between a sociological and a philosophical task or challenge, which develops content and perspective for a revolutionary change of our society, i.e. a cultural revolutionary approach which means changing not only some social structures but all the conditions of human experience from an emancipatory perspective. This article reconstructs the analytical approach of Lefebvre, and discusses his foundations and aims in relation to how he developed the idea of cultural revolution. No knowledge of (global) society without critical knowledge of everyday life in the way it implants itself — with its organisation and its privatisation, with the organisation of its privatisation –in the middle of this society and its history. No knowledge of everyday life without critical knowledge of the (entire) society. (Lefebvre)
Behavioral-Economic Nudges and Performance Measurement Models
Authors: Malina Mary A. , Selto Frank H. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
We describe the context wherein a Fortune 500 company's performance measurement model (PMM) has endured and evolved over a 15-year period. The PMM's tenure and continued importance refute the alleged faddish nature of PMMs such as the Balanced Scorecard, at least in this case, and allow identification of factors that add to theory about PMM longevity. We use a behavioral-economic framework and qualitative and quantitative data to examine the mechanisms behind this successful PMM. Aspects of the way the PMM is designed and implemented appear to enable the company using the PMM to exploit or mitigate common behavioral heuristics and biases in decision-making. The PMM helps manage cognitive load in a way that is consistent with the company's priorities, and it manages biases by allowing the company to frame performance information in ways that nudge managers toward strategically important results and risks. The behavioral-economic connection might be a reason why this PMM, and perhaps others, endures. Thus, this study adds to and presents preliminary empirical support for testable behavioral-economic PMM theory.
Data Availability: Use of all data collected for this study is regulated by a strict nondisclosure agreement, which requires the researchers to protect the company's identity and its proprietary information.
Novel Agents for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: DeFronzo Ralph A. , Triplitt Curtis L. , Abdul-Ghani Muhammad , Cersosimo Eugenio 
Published: May 2014

In Brief
Impaired insulin secretion, increased hepatic glucose production, and decreased peripheral glucose utilization are the core defects responsible for the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. However, the pathophysiology of this disease also includes adipocyte insulin resistance (increased lipolysis), reduced incretin secretion/sensitivity, increased glucagon secretion, enhanced renal glucose reabsorption, and brain insulin resistance/neurotransmitter dysfunction. Although current diabetes management focuses on lowering blood glucose, the goal of therapy should be to delay disease progression and eventual treatment failure. Recent innovative treatment approaches target the multiple pathophysiological defects present in type 2 diabetes. Optimal management should include early initiation of combination therapy using multiple drugs with different mechanisms of action. This review examines novel therapeutic options that hold particular promise.
Personalized Diabetes Management: Moving from Algorithmic to Individualized Therapy
Authors: Subramanian Savitha , Hirsch Irl B. 
Published: May 2014

In Brief
Management of individuals with type 2 diabetes involves complex decision-making to attain good glycemic control. A personalized approach to the care of these individuals provides a unique management plan for each patient. This article reviews some of the important variables that require consideration for management of individuals with type 2 diabetes. We also provide a scoring scale to help clinicians make appropriate decisions regarding A1C targets while caring for these patients.
Tobacco Cessation Counseling Training in US Entry-Level Physical Therapist Education Curricula: Prevalence, Content, and Associated Factors
Authors: Pignataro Rose M. , Gurka Matthew J. , Jones Dina L. , Kershner Ruth E. , Ohtake Patricia J. , Stauber William T. , Swisher Anne K. 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundThe US Public Health Service (USPHS) recommends tobacco cessation counseling (TCC) training for all health care professionals. Within physical therapist practice, smoking can have adverse effects on treatment outcomes in all body systems. In addition, people with physical disabilities have a higher smoking prevalence than the general population, creating a strong need for tobacco cessation among physical therapy clientele. Therefore, TCC training is an important component of entry-level physical therapist education.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were: (1) to determine need for TCC training within entry-level physical therapist education and (2) to identify potential barriers to implementation of USPHS guidelines in the academic environment.DesignA descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted.MethodsDirectors or academic coordinators of clinical education from entry-level physical therapist programs (N=204) were surveyed using an online instrument designed specifically for this study. Data regarding program and faculty characteristics, tobacco-related training content, and faculty opinions toward TCC in both physical therapist practice and education were analyzed descriptively.ResultsThe response rate was 71%. A majority (60%) of programs indicated inclusion of tobacco-related training, most commonly 1 to 2 hours in duration, and of these programs, 40% trained students in the implementation of USPHS clinical guidelines for TCC.LimitationsData analyses were constrained by limited or missing data in some areas. A single faculty member completed the survey for each program.ConclusionsThere is a need for TCC training in entry-level physical therapist education. Inclusion may be facilitated by addressing perceived barriers toward TCC as a component of physical therapist practice and promoting the relevance of TCC as it relates to intended outcomes of physical therapy interventions.
Effectiveness of Peer Assessment for Implementing a Dutch Physical Therapy Low Back Pain Guideline: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: van Dulmen Simone A. , Maas Marjo , Staal J. Bart , Rutten Geert , Kiers Henri , Nijhuis-van der Sanden Maria , van der Wees Philip 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundClinical practice guidelines are considered important instruments to improve quality of care. However, success is dependent on adherence, which may be improved using peer assessment, a strategy in which professionals assess performance of their peers in a simulated setting.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether peer assessment is more effective than case-based discussions to improve knowledge and guideline-consistent clinical reasoning in the Dutch physical therapy guideline for low back pain (LBP).DesignA cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted.Setting and ParticipantsTen communities of practice (CoPs) of physical therapists were cluster randomized (N=90): 6 CoPs in the peer-assessment group (n=49) and 4 CoPs in the case-based discussion group (control group) (n=41).InterventionBoth groups participated in 4 educational sessions and used clinical patient cases. The peer-assessment group reflected on performed LBP management in different roles. The control group used structured discussions.MeasurementsOutcomes were assessed at baseline and at 6 months. The primary outcome measure was knowledge and guideline-consistent reasoning, measured with 12 performance indicators using 4 vignettes with specific guideline-related patient profiles. For each participant, the total score was calculated by adding up the percentage scores (0–100) per vignette, divided by 4. The secondary outcome measure was reflective practice, as measured by the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (20–100).ResultsVignettes were completed by 78 participants (87%). Multilevel analysis showed an increase in guideline-consistent clinical reasoning of 8.4% in the peer-assessment group, whereas the control group showed a decline of 0.1% (estimated group difference=8.7%, 95% confidence interval=3.9 to 13.4). No group differences were found on self-reflection.LimitationsThe small sample size, a short-term follow-up, and the use of vignettes as a proxy for behavior were limitations of the study.ConclusionsPeer assessment leads to an increase in knowledge and guideline-consistent clinical reasoning.
Morbidity of repeat transsphenoidal surgery assessed in more than 1000 operations
Authors: Jahangiri Arman , Wagner Jeffrey , Han Sung Won , Zygourakis Corinna C. , Han Seunggu J. , Tran Mai T. , Miller Liane M. , Tom Maxwell W. , Kunwar Sandeep , Blevins Lewis S. , Aghi Manish K. 
Published: May 2014

Object
While transsphenoidal surgery is associated with low morbidity, the degree to which morbidity increases after reoperation remains unclear. The authors determined the morbidity associated with repeat versus initial transsphenoidal surgery after 1015 consecutive operations.

Methods
The authors conducted a 5-year retrospective review of the first 916 patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery at their institution after a pituitary center of expertise was established, and they analyzed morbidities.

Results
The authors analyzed 907 initial and 108 repeat transsphenoidal surgeries performed in 916 patients (9 initial surgeries performed outside the authors' center were excluded). The most common diagnoses were endocrine inactive (30%) or active (36%) adenomas, Rathke's cleft cysts (10%), and craniopharyngioma (3%). Morbidity of initial surgery versus reoperation included diabetes insipidus ([DI] 16% vs 26%; p = 0.03), postoperative hyponatremia (20% vs 16%; p = 0.3), new postoperative hypopituitarism (5% vs 8%; p = 0.3), CSF leak requiring repair (1% vs 4%; p = 0.04), meningitis (0.4% vs 3%; p = 0.02), and length of stay ([LOS] 2.8 vs 4.5 days; p = 0.006). Of intraoperative parameters and postoperative morbidities, 1) some (use of lumbar drain and new postoperative hypopituitarism) did not increase with second or subsequent reoperations (p = 0.3–0.9); 2) some (DI and meningitis) increased upon second surgery (p = 0.02–0.04) but did not continue to increase for subsequent reoperations (p = 0.3–0.9); 3) some (LOS) increased upon second surgery and increased again for subsequent reoperations (p < 0.001); and 4) some (postoperative hyponatremia and CSF leak requiring repair) did not increase upon second surgery (p = 0.3) but went on to increase upon subsequent reoperations (p = 0.001–0.02). Multivariate analysis revealed that operation number, but not sex, age, pathology, radiation therapy, or lesion size, increased the risk of CSF leak, meningitis, and increased LOS. Separate analysis of initial versus repeat transsphenoidal surgery on the 2 most common benign pituitary lesions, pituitary adenomas and Rathke's cleft cysts, revealed that the increased incidence of DI and CSF leak requiring repair seen when all pathologies were combined remained significant when analyzing only pituitary adenomas and Rathke's cleft cysts (DI, 13% vs 35% [p = 0.001]; and CSF leak, 0.3% vs 9% [p = 0.0009]).

Conclusions
Repeat transsphenoidal surgery was associated with somewhat more frequent postoperative DI, meningitis, CSF leak requiring repair, and greater LOS than the low morbidity characterizing initial transsphenoidal surgery. These results provide a framework for neurosurgeons in discussing reoperation for pituitary disease with their patients.
Surgical strategies and outcomes of spinal ependymomas of different lengths: analysis of 210 patients
Authors: Li Teng-yu , Chu Jun-sheng , Xu Yu-lun , Yang Jun , Wang James , Huang Yu-Hua , Kwan Aij-Lie , Wang Gui-Huai 
Published: May 2014

Object
The aim of this study was to investigate the surgical strategies and outcomes for spinal ependymomas of different lengths.

Methods
The authors used data from 210 patients with spinal ependymomas (WHO Grades II and III) in this 10-year retrospective study (January 1999 to December 2008), dividing them into 3 different groups according to length (spinal ependymomas < 5 cm, 5–10 cm, and > 10 cm). All patients underwent tumor resection. The basic characteristics of the patients were reviewed and the functional status was assessed using the McCormick classification.

Results
There were 89, 81, and 40 patients, respectively, in the 3 groups (< 5 cm, 5–10 cm, and > 10 cm). Grosstotal resections (GTRs) were performed in 172 patients (81.9% overall, or 86.5%, 79.0%, and 77.5% in the 3 groups, respectively). Subtotal and partial resections were achieved in 38 patients (18.1%). Eight patients with medulla oblongata or upper cervical cord tumors received a tracheotomy postoperatively. The follow-up period ranged from 56 to 176 months. One hundred thirty-five patients (76.7%) experienced improvement, (88.2%, 83.8%, and 34.4% in the < 5 cm, 5–10 cm, and > 10 cm groups, respectively). Thirty-three patients (18.8%) maintained their pretreatment status, and 8 patients (4.5%) showed deterioration following tumor resection at 6 months. Tumor recurrence or progression was observed in 6 (2.9%) of the 210 patients. Among the 6 patients, recurrent tumors were located in the conus (n = 3), thoracic (n = 1), and medullocervical cord (n = 2).

Conclusions
Radical resection of spinal ependymomas could be performed in most patients, and the rate of GTR was significantly different in the different-length groups (< 10 cm vs > 10 cm, p = 0.032). Patients with longer tumors had worse surgical results compared with those with small tumors (p < 0.001), and more postoperative neuropathic pain and proprioceptive deficits could usually be observed in patients harboring larger tumors. Early diagnosis and timely operation are critical to achieving better neurological outcomes. For tumors with dense adhesions, complete removal should be performed cautiously because of the significant incidence of neurological deterioration.
Stent-assisted coil embolization of ruptured wide-necked aneurysms in the acute period: incidence of and risk factors for periprocedural complications
Authors: Chung Joonho , Lim Yong Cheol , Suh Sang Hyun , Shim Yu Shik , Kim Yong Bae , Joo Jin-Yang , Kim Bum-soo , Shin Yong Sam 
Published: May 2014

Object
The purpose of this study was to report the authors' experiences in stent-assisted coil embolization (SAC) of ruptured wide-necked aneurysms in the acute period and to evaluate the incidence of and risk factors for periprocedural complications.

Methods
A total of 72 patients were recruited for this study between March 2007 and June 2012. All patients met the following criteria: 1) the presence of ruptured intracranial wide-necked saccular aneurysms, and 2) the patient underwent SAC for treatment of those aneurysms within 72 hours of rupture. All of the patients with clinically poor grades or acute hydrocephalus underwent external ventricular drainage (EVD) before SAC. The incidence of and risk factors for periprocedural complications were retrospectively evaluated.

Results
Of the 72 patients included in this study, periprocedural complications occurred in 14 (19.4%), including asymptomatic complications in 4 (5.6%) and symptomatic complications in 10 (13.9%); there were symptomatic thromboembolic complications in 5 patients (6.9%), and symptomatic hemorrhagic complications in 5 (6.9%). The authors observed no subacute or delayed thromboembolic complications during the follow-up period of 18.8 months. Use of EVD (OR 1.413, 95% CI 0.088–2.173; p = 0.046) was the only independent risk factor for periprocedural complications on multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions
The periprocedural complication rate during SAC was 19.4% among 72 patients. Because of the high complication rate, microsurgical clipping or endovascular treatment with another technique (multiple-microcatheter or balloon-assisted technique) may be a more appropriate option for first-line treatment than SAC, especially in patients requiring EVD.
Optic chiasm compression from mass effect and thrombus formation following unsuccessful treatment of a giant supraclinoid ICA aneurysm with the Pipeline device: open surgical bailout with STA-MCA bypass and parent vessel occlusion
Authors: Abla Adib A. , Zaidi Hasan A. , Crowley R. Webster , Britz Gavin W. , McDougall Cameron G. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: May 2014

Pipeline Embolization Devices (PEDs) have been shown to be effective for intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms, and are now approved by the FDA specifically for this use. Potential pitfalls, however, have not yet been described in the pediatric neurosurgical literature. The authors report on a 10-year-old boy who presented to the Barrow Neurological Institute after progressive visual decline. He had undergone placement of a total of 7 telescoping PEDs at another facility for a large ICA aneurysm. Residual filling of the aneurysm and significant expansion of intraaneurysmal thrombus with chiasmal compression on admission images were causes for concern. The patient underwent a surgical bailout with a superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery bypass, with parent artery occlusion. Postoperative vascular imaging was notable for successful occlusion of the parent vessel, with no evidence of filling of the aneurysm.
Reports on the pitfalls of PEDs in the neurosurgical literature are scarce. To the authors' knowledge this represents the first paper describing a successful open surgical bailout for residual aneurysmal filling and expansion of thrombus after placement of a PED.
Intraspinal lesions associated with sacrococcygeal dimples
Authors: Harada Atsuko , Nishiyama Kenichi , Yoshimura Junichi , Sano Masakazu , Fujii Yukihiko 
Published: May 2014

Object
Sacrococcygeal dimples in the gluteal fold, also known as coccygeal pits, are observed in 2%–4% of newborns. Sacrococcygeal dimples are not generally considered to be associated with a significant risk of intraspinal anomalies and therefore are not thought to require further radiographic evaluation. Accordingly, the precise incidence and nature of intraspinal lesions that may be associated with sacrococcygeal dimples is unclear. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of intraspinal lesions in patients with intergluteal dimples.

Methods
In this study, the authors used MRI to evaluate 103 children who were seen at the Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital between 2006 and 2011 because of skin abnormalities in the lumbosacral region. Of these children, 14 were excluded as having a subcutaneous fatty mass, and 5 were excluded because the dimples were above the gluteal fold or did not end at the coccyx. The remaining 84 patients were classified according to whether the bottom of the dimple was visible (shallow) or not (deep). The authors also retrospectively examined other skin abnormalities and coexisting anomalies.

Results
The mean age at the time of MRI evaluation was 11.7 months. Magnetic resonance imaging led to the identification of fibrolipoma of the terminal filum (FTF) in 14 cases (16.7%); 6 of these patients also had a low conus. Classified by depth, there were 58 cases with shallow and 26 with deep dimples. Fibrolipoma of the terminal filum was found in significantly more patients with deep dimples (9 [34.6%]) than in those with shallow dimples (5 [8.6%]). The frequency of other congenital anomalies was significantly higher in patients with FTF-associated dimples (6 [42.9%] of 14) than in those with dimples that were not associated with FTF (9 [12.9%] of 70).

Conclusions
Fibrolipoma of the terminal filum was identified by MRI in 16.7% of patients with sacrococcygeal dimples. The risk of FTF increased when the dimples were deeply excavated or were accompanied by congenital anomalies. Magnetic resonance imaging should be performed to identify intraspinal lesions when there are high risk factors for intraspinal abnormalities, or when an ultrasound screening suggests intraspinal abnormalities.