bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Implications of Social Neuroscience for Expectation States Theories
Authors: Melamed David , Abromaviciute Jurgita 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe review recent findings from the social neuroscience literature that links status differentiation between individuals to neurological processes, and draw out the implications of those findings for expectation states theories, including its dominant theory of status‐organizing processes – Status Characteristics Theory. Our underlying assumption and implicit argument is that social neuroscience research is useful for both bolstering and corroborating some core sociological claims. In addition, it sheds light on some of the ongoing theoretical debates within sociology. We highlight and discuss the following four social neuroscience findings: 1) Neural activity varies depending on whether an individual is interacting with someone of a lower, equal, or higher status; 2) There is an interplay between status and affect such that status processes may promote the control of emotional reactions; 3) Both men and women are neurologically attuned to high status opposite sex conspecifics; and, 4) Status differences are processed in the same region of the brain as numerical or size differences, and this region is responsible for the coding of information along continuous dimensions. The implications of these points are discussed with respect to sociological theories.
Excessive application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers induces soil acidification and phosphorus enrichment during vegetable production in Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Liang L. Z. , Zhao X. Q. , Yi X. Y. , Chen Z. C. , Dong X. Y. , Chen R. F. , Shen R. F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntensive vegetable cultivation has developed very rapidly in China, and investigation of current soil nutrient problems in vegetable fields and their potential environmental risk is important for local soil nutrient management strategies. Three hundred and sixty‐six soil samples were collected from greenhouse vegetable fields, open vegetable fields and rice/wheat rotation fields in southern Jiangsu Province, the most intensive vegetable‐producing areas in Yangtze River Delta, China, for the analysis of their soil fertility status. Soil acidification and P enrichment were the main problems identified in this area of vegetable production, with about 20 and 17% of the open and greenhouse vegetable field soils, respectively, being extremely acid with soil pH values below 5.0. In contrast, no soils under rice/wheat rotation fields were as acidic. Percentages of sites with Olsen‐P concentrations < 90 mg/kg were 61, 85 and 0% for soils growing greenhouse vegetable, field vegetable and rice/wheat, respectively. The nitrogen (N) surplus for vegetable fields exceeded 170 kg/ha/crop, and the phosphorus (P) surplus exceeded 40 kg/ha/crop. Thus, current vegetable production leads to potential environmental risks of N and P pollution of nearby aquatic bodies. Insufficient supplementation with potassium fertilizers was found in some vegetable fields. Several ameliorative measures are proposed.
The interplay between CD4 cell count, viral load suppression and duration of antiretroviral therapy on mortality in a resource‐limited setting
Authors: Brennan Alana T. , Maskew Mhairi , Sanne Ian , Fox Matthew P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the interaction between CD4 cell count, viral load suppression and duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on mortality.MethodsCohort analysis of HIV‐infected patients initiating ART between April 2004 and June 2011 at a large public sector clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. A log‐linear model with Poisson distribution was used to estimate risk of death as a function of the interaction between current CD4 count, current viral load suppression and duration on ART in 12‐month intervals. We calculated predicted mortality using estimated coefficients within combinations of predictors.ResultsAmongst 14 932 ART patients, 1985 (13.3%) died. Current CD4 was the strongest predictor of death (<50 vs. ≥550 cells/mm3 – RR: 46.3; 95% CI: 26.8–80), while unsuppressed current viral load vs. suppressed (RR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.5–2.1) and short duration of ART (0–11.9 vs. 66–71.9 months RR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2–2.3) also predicted death. Our interaction model showed that mortality was highest in the first 12 months on treatment across all CD4 and viral load strata. As current CD4 and duration on ART increased and viral load suppression occurred, mortality dropped. CD4 count was the strongest predictor of death. The relative effect of current CD4 count varied strongly by viral load and duration of ART (from 1.3 to 55). Lack of suppression increased the risk of mortality upwards of six‐fold depending on time on ART and current CD4.ConclusionsOur findings show that while CD4 count is the strongest predictor of death, the effect is modified by viral load and the duration of ART. Assessment of risk should take into account all three factors.
Peripheral blood abnormalities and bone marrow infiltration in canine large B‐cell lymphoma: is there a link?
Authors: Martini V. , Melzi E. , Comazzi S. , Gelain M. E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOfficial guidelines do not consider bone marrow (BM) assessment mandatory in staging canine lymphoma unless blood cytopenias are present. The aim of this study was to find out if blood abnormalities can predict marrow involvement in canine large B‐cell lymphoma. BM infiltration was assessed via flow cytometry. No difference was found between dogs without haematological abnormalities and dogs with at least one. However, the degree of infiltration was significantly higher in dogs with thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis or lymphocytosis and was negatively correlated to platelet count and positively to blood infiltration. Our results suggest that blood abnormalities are not always predictive of marrow involvement, even if thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis or lymphocytosis could suggest a higher infiltration. BM evaluation should therefore be included in routine staging in order not to miss infiltrated samples and to improve classification. However, its clinical relevance and prognostic value are still not defined and further studies are needed.
Noncontact, low‐frequency ultrasound as an effective therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa–infected biofilm wounds
Authors: Seth Akhil K. , Nguyen Khang T. , Geringer Matthew R. , Hong Seok J. , Leung Kai P. , Mustoe Thomas A. , Galiano Robert D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBacterial biofilms, a critical chronic wound mediator, remain difficult to treat. Energy‐based devices may potentially improve healing, but with no evidence of efficacy against biofilms. This study evaluates noncontact, low‐frequency ultrasound (NLFU) in the treatment of biofilm‐infected wounds. Six‐millimeter dermal punch wounds in rabbit ears were inoculated with 107 colony‐forming units of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or left as sterile controls. A biofilm was established in vivo using our published model. NLFU treatment was carried out every other day or every day, with contralateral ear wounds acting as internal, untreated controls. Wounds were harvested for several quantitative endpoints and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the biofilm structure. The P. aeruginosa biofilm consistently impaired wound epithelialization and granulation. NLFU, both every other day and every day, improved healing and reduced bacterial counts relative to untreated controls (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy confirmed a qualitative decrease in bacteria after both treatments. NLFU also reduced inflammatory cytokine expression (p < 0.05). Our study suggests that NLFU is an effective therapy against P. aeruginosa wound biofilm. This represents the first in vivo evidence of energy‐based modalities' impact on wound biofilm, setting the foundation for future mechanistic studies. Continued wound care technology research is essential to improving our understanding, and treatment, of biofilm‐infected chronic wounds.
Intrauterine inflammation alters cardiopulmonary and cerebral haemodynamics at birth in preterm lambs
Authors: Galinsky Robert , Hooper Stuart B. , Wallace Megan J. , Westover Alana J. , Black M. Jane , Moss Timothy J. M. , Polglase Graeme R. 
Published: February 2013

Key points
Intrauterine inflammation is associated with preterm birth and poor long‐term cardiopulmonary and neurological outcomes. The effect of intrauterine inflammation on the cardiopulmonary and cerebral haemodynamic transition after preterm birth is poorly understood.
We demonstrated that intrauterine inflammation increased pulmonary vascular resistance, reduced pulmonary blood flow and left ventricular output and increased cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen delivery after preterm birth.
Increasing positive end‐expiratory pressure, which causes a haemodynamic challenge, reduced pulmonary blood flow and left ventricular output in controls but not in lipopolysaccharide‐exposed lambs. A transient reduction in brachiocephalic arterial pressure was observed in lipopolysaccharide‐exposed lambs.
Intrauterine inflammation altered the cardiopulmonary and cerebral haemodynamic transition at birth and reduced the responsiveness of the pulmonary circulation to an increase in positive end‐expiratory pressure.
Abstract  Intrauterine inflammation is associated with preterm birth and poor long‐term cardiopulmonary outcomes. We aimed to determine the effect of intrauterine inflammation on the cardiopulmonary and cerebral haemodynamic transition at birth, and the response to subsequent haemodynamic challenge. Fetal instrumentation was performed at ∼112 days gestation (term is 147 days) for measurement of cardiopulmonary and cerebral haemodynamics. At 118 days, inflammation was induced by intra‐amniotic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; n= 7); controls (n= 5) received intra‐amniotic saline. At 125 days lambs were delivered and mechanically ventilated. Arterial blood gases, pulmonary and systemic arterial blood pressures and flows were measured during the perinatal period. At 10 min a haemodynamic challenge was administered by increasing positive end‐expiratory pressure. During the first 10 min after birth, LPS‐exposed lambs had higher pulmonary vascular resistance and lower pulmonary blood flow and left ventricular output than controls. Carotid arterial blood flow was higher in LPS‐exposed lambs than controls between 3 and 7 min after delivery, and cerebral oxygen delivery was higher at 5 min. During the haemodynamic challenge, pulmonary blood flow and left ventricular output were reduced in controls but not in LPS‐exposed lambs; a transient reduction in brachiocephalic arterial pressure occurred in LPS‐exposed lambs but not in controls. Intrauterine inflammation altered the cardiopulmonary and cerebral haemodynamic transition at birth and reduced the cardiopulmonary response to a haemodynamic challenge after birth. The transient reduction in brachiocephalic arterial pressure suggests intrauterine inflammation may alter cerebrovascular control following an increase in positive end‐expiratory pressure.
Complete Genome Sequence of Prepandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus BB22OP
Authors: Jensen Roderick V. , DePasquale Saylem M. , Harbolick Elizabeth A. , Hong Tian , Kernell Alison L. , Kruchko David H. , Modise Thero , Smith Cimarron E. , McCarter Linda L. , Stevens Ann M. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

The number of inflammatory gastroenteritis outbreaks due to the food-borne pathogen
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
is rising sharply worldwide and in the United States in particular. Here we report the complete, annotated genome sequence of the prepandemic
V. parahaemolyticus
strain BB22OP and make some initial comparisons to the complete genome sequence for pandemic strain RIMD2210633.
Genome Sequence of Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm41
Authors: Weidner Stefan , Baumgarth Birgit , Göttfert Michael , Jaenicke Sebastian , Pühler Alfred , Schneiker-Bekel Susanne , Serrania Javier , Szczepanowski Rafael , Becker Anke 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Sinorhizobium meliloti
Rm41 nodulates alfalfa plants, forming indeterminate type nodules. It is characterized by a strain-specific K-antigen able to replace exopolysaccharides in promotion of nodule invasion. We present the Rm41 genome, composed of one chromosome, the chromid pSymB, the megaplasmid pSymA, and the nonsymbiotic plasmid pRme41a.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Single Cell of SAR86 Clade Subgroup IIIa
Authors: Rusch D. B. , Lombardo M.-J. , Yee-Greenbaum J. , Novotny M. , Brinkac L. M. , Lasken R. S. , Dupont C. L. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
SAR86 denotes a 16S clade of gammaproteobacteria that are ubiquitous in ocean surface waters. So far, SAR86 is resistant to cultivation; thus, little is known about the genome contents or physiology of this clade. Recently, four partial genome sequences for SAR86 subclades I and II were published. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of a single cell from SAR86 subgroup IIIa isolated from coastal waters in San Diego, CA.
IN-VIVO MEASUREMENT OF DISTAL RADIO-ULNAR JOINT TRANSLATION
Authors: Nagata H. , Hosny S. , Giddins G. E. B. 
Published: February 2013

Distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ) instability is increasingly recognised and assessment can be subjective and difficult. Previous research has used cadaveric models or in-vivo with CT, with variable results. A test device was designed to establish normal values of in-vivo DRUJ dorso-palmar translation. Twenty volunteers were recruited. Those with previous wrist/forearm injuries were excluded. The device held the elbow at 90° flexion and neutral forearm rotation, with the distal ulna secured. A dorso-palmar shear force was applied to the distal radius and displacement measured three times on each wrist alternately by the same operator. The mean translation of the DRUJ is 5.5 mm. Same-sided mean measurements for two subjects taken days apart varied by 1 mm. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.93. The device is reliable, reproducible and appears to be a simple valid test. Contralateral sides were comparable. It will primarily be a research device to guide clinical practice in DRUJ instability.
Jesus Christ, Homosexuality and Masculinity in African Christianity: Reading Luke 10:1-12
Authors: Gunda Masiiwa Ragies 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Since 1995, homosexuality has been part and parcel of public discourses in Zimbabwe. The Bible is a dominant resource, so that the Sodom narrative (Gen. 19) has become synonymous with homosexual condemnation. Interestingly, Jesus has been absent in the debate; justified by the claim that Jesus had not spoken on the subject. However, contrary to this claim, a socio-literary analysis of Luke 10: 1-12 demonstrates that Jesus may have fundamentally differed with this popular interpretation of Genesis 19. A textual analysis of Luke 10: 1-12 shows Jesus undermining dominant masculinities by de-masculinizing his followers in ways that belittle the gulf between masculinity and femininity. This article argues that to use the categories of masculinity and femininity to condemn same-sex relationships is no longer sustainable. Rather, this text can be a basis for the construction of ‘redemptive masculinities’ in Christian communities, which may provide a new platform for understanding and accepting homosexuality.
Skillful Seasonal Predictions of Boreal Winter Accumulated Heating Degree-Days and Relevance for the Weather Derivative Market
Authors: Brands S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIt is demonstrated that boreal winter accumulated heating degree-days, a weather derivative product that is frequently demanded by energy suppliers (among others), can be skillfully predicted with a lead time of 1 month, that is, at the beginning of the previous November, for many regions of the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. This finding contradicts the assumption of poor seasonal predictability for this variable. This short paper is meant to properly inform the participants of the weather derivative market to assure market transparency and to foster a scientific discussion on how to disseminate this formerly unknown expert knowledge.
On the Predictability of Supercell Thunderstorm Evolution
Authors: Cintineo Rebecca M. , Stensrud David J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Supercell thunderstorms produce a disproportionate amount of the severe weather in the United States, and accurate prediction of their movement and evolution is needed to warn the public of their hazards. This study explores the practical predictability of supercell thunderstorm forecasts in the presence of typical errors in the preconvective environmental conditions. The Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model (ARW-WRF) is run at 1-km grid spacing and a control run of a supercell thunderstorm is produced using a horizontally homogeneous environment. Forecast errors from supercell environments derived from the 13-km Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) valid at 0000 UTC for forecast lead times up to 3 h are used to define the environmental errors, and 100 runs initialized with environmental perturbations characteristic of those errors are produced for each lead time. The simulations are analyzed to determine the spread and practical predictability of supercell thunderstorm forecasts from a storm-scale model, with the control used as truth.
Most of the runs perturbed with the environmental forecast errors produce supercell thunderstorms; however, there is much less predictability for storm motion and structure. Results suggest that an upper bound to the practical predictability of storm location with the current environmental uncertainty for a 1-h environmental forecast is about 2 h, with the predictability of the storms decreasing to 1 h as lead time increases. Smaller-scale storm features, such as midlevel mesocyclones and regions of heavy rainfall, display much less predictability than storm location. Mesocyclone location is predictable out to 40 min or less, while heavy 5-min rainfall location is not predictable.
The Ability of CMIP5 Models to Simulate North Atlantic Extratropical Cyclones*
Authors: Zappa Giuseppe , Shaffrey Len C. , Hodges Kevin I. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The ability of the climate models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to simulate North Atlantic extratropical cyclones in winter [December–February (DJF)] and summer [June–August (JJA)] is investigated in detail. Cyclones are identified as maxima in T42 vorticity at 850 hPa and their propagation is tracked using an objective feature-tracking algorithm. By comparing the historical CMIP5 simulations (1976–2005) and the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim; 1979–2008), the authors find that systematic biases affect the number and intensity of North Atlantic cyclones in CMIP5 models. In DJF, the North Atlantic storm track tends to be either too zonal or displaced southward, thus leading to too few and weak cyclones over the Norwegian Sea and too many cyclones in central Europe. In JJA, the position of the North Atlantic storm track is generally well captured but some CMIP5 models underestimate the total number of cyclones. The dynamical intensity of cyclones, as measured by either T42 vorticity at 850 hPa or mean sea level pressure, is too weak in both DJF and JJA. The intensity bias has a hemispheric character, and it cannot be simply attributed to the representation of the North Atlantic large-scale atmospheric state. Despite these biases, the representation of Northern Hemisphere (NH) storm tracks has improved since CMIP3 and some CMIP5 models are able of representing well both the number and the intensity of North Atlantic cyclones. In particular, some of the higher-atmospheric-resolution models tend to have a better representation of the tilt of the North Atlantic storm track and of the intensity of cyclones in DJF.
Dynamical Downscaling with Reinitializations: A Method to Generate Finescale Climate Datasets Suitable for Impact Studies
Authors: Lucas-Picher Philippe , Boberg Fredrik , Christensen Jens H. , Berg Peter 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
To retain the sequence of events of a regional climate model (RCM) simulation driven by a reanalysis, a method that has not been widely adopted uses an RCM with frequent reinitializations toward its driving field. In this regard, this study highlights the benefits of an RCM simulation with frequent (daily) reinitializations compared to a standard continuous RCM simulation. Both simulations are carried out with the RCM HIRHAM5, driven with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data, over the 12-km-resolution European Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) domain covering the period 1989–2009. The analysis of daily precipitation shows improvements in the sequence of events and the maintenance of the added value from the standard continuous RCM simulation. The validation of the two RCM simulations with observations reveals that the simulation with reinitializations indeed improves the temporal correlation. Furthermore, the RCM simulation with reinitializations has lower systematic errors compared to the continuous simulation, which has a tendency to be too wet. A comparison of the distribution of wet day precipitation intensities shows similar added value in the continuous and reinitialized simulations with higher variability and extremes compared to the driving field ERA-Interim. Overall, the results suggest that the finescale climate dataset of the RCM simulation with reinitializations better suits the needs of impact studies by providing a sequence of events matching closely the observations, while limiting systematic errors and generating reliable added value. Downsides of the method with reinitializations are increased computational costs and the introduction of temporal discontinuities that are similar to those of a reanalysis.
Heat Balance and Eddies in the Caribbean Upwelling System
Authors: Jouanno Julien , Sheinbaum Julio 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The upper-ocean heat budget of the Caribbean upwelling system is investigated during the onset of the Atlantic warm pool (June–September) using high-resolution observations of sea surface temperature and a high-resolution (°) regional model. Vertical mixing is found to be the major cooling contribution to the mixed layer heat budget in the nearshore and offshore Colombia Basin. Numerical results show that intense mesoscale eddies in the Colombia Basin significantly shape the turbulent cooling and may participate in the maintenance of cooler temperature in this region compared to surrounding areas. Indeed, increased mixing at the base of the mixed layer occurs below energetic surface jets that form on the downstream side of the eddies. These jets generally flow offshore and may arise from the deformation of the surface mesoscale field. It is shown that significant contribution of horizontal advection to the mixed layer heat budget is limited to a radius of 300 km around the Guajira and Margarita upwelling zones.