bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnobotany of Heracleum persicum Desf. ex Fisch., an invasive species in Norway, or how plant names, uses, and other traditions evolve
Authors: Alm Torbjørn 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundHeracleum persicumwas introduced to Norway as an ornamental in the 1830′s. Towards the end of the 19th century, it started spreading outside gardens, later to become a frequent sight in the major towns and settlements of North Norway – and a veritable pest plant. During the last 100 years or so, a substantial ethnobotanical tradition related to the species has evolved, demonstrating that folk knowledge is not only forgotten and lost, but also charting new terrain.MethodsThis survey is based on data extracted from all relevant publications, including botanical literature, travel accounts, newspaper notes, etc., as far as they have come to my attention. In addition, information on vernacular names and various uses of theH.persicumin Norway has been extracted from my own, substantial archive of interviews, questionnaires, and correspondence related to the ethnobotany of Norway.ResultsWhere extant,H.persicumtends to be known to everyone, even by city dwellers who otherwise generally neglect plants. People tend to love or hate it, and in Tromsø, the largest town of northern Norway, the species has become more or less emblematic of the city. Both here and in other areas of northern Norway, it is referred to by a variety of vernacular names, partly borrowed from other species, partly derived from the Latin genus name, and partly coined for this species only. In the latter group,tromsøpalme(‘the palm of Tromsø’) has proved by far the most popular invention. It was seemingly first used (and coined) by German soldiers during the World War II occupation of Norway, but now largely replaces other vernacular names. The plant is still popular with children, who frequently play in and with it, whereas adults have been more prone to speculate on its origins – and how to get rid of it. Salt is the most popular “herbicide” for this purpose.ConclusionsOver the years,H.persicumhas accumulated at least twenty different vernacular names in Norway, and a variety of other traditions. By necessity, all these traditions are less than 180 years old, showing that even modern and urban societies may produce a substantial body of plant lore, which certainly merits ethnobotanical attention.
The preservation of bidirectional promoter architecture in eukaryotes: what is the driving force?
Authors: Xu Chao , Chen Jiajia , Shen Bairong 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The bidirectional gene architecture has been studied in many organisms, and the conservation of bidirectional arrangement has received considerable attention. However, the explanation for the evolutionary conservation about this genomic structure is still insufficient. In this study the large scale identification and pathway enrichment analysis for bidirectional genes were performed in several eukaryotes and the comparative analysis of this arrangement between human and mouse were dissected for the purpose of discovering the driving force of the preservation of this genomic structure.

Results
We identified the bidirectional gene pairs in eight different species and found this structure to be prevalent in eukaryotes. The pathway enrichment analysis indicated the bidirectional genes at the genome level are conserved in certain pathways, such as the DNA repair and some other fundamental cellular pathways. The comparative analysis about the gene expression, function, between human and mouse bidirectional genes were also performed and we observed that the selective force of this architecture doesn't derive from the co-regulation between paired genes, but the functional bias of bidirectional genes at whole genome level is observed strengthened during evolution.

Conclusions
Our result validated the coexpression of bidirectional genes; however failed to support their functional relevance. The conservation of bidirectional promoters seems not the result of functional connection between paired genes, but the functional bias at whole genome level, which imply that the genome-wide functional constraint is important for the conservation of bidirectional structure.
An improved dimensionality reduction method for meta-transcriptome indexing based diseases classification
Authors: Wang Yin , Zhou Yuhua , Li Yixue , Ling Zongxin , Zhu Yan , Guo Xiaokui , Sun Hong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundBacterial 16S Ribosomal RNAs profiling have been widely used in the classification of microbiota associated diseases. Dimensionality reduction is among the keys in mining high-dimensional 16S rRNAs' expression data. High levels of sparsity and redundancy are common in 16S rRNA gene microbial surveys. Traditional feature selection methods are generally restricted to measuring correlated abundances, and are limited in discrimination when so few microbes are actually shared across communities.ResultsHere we present a Feature Merging and Selection algorithm (FMS) to deal with 16S rRNAs' expression data. By integrating Linear Discriminant Analysis method, FMS can reduce the feature dimension with higher accuracy and preserve the relationship between different features as well. Two 16S rRNAs' expression datasets of pneumonia and dental decay patients were used to test the validity of the algorithm. Combined with SVM, FMS discriminated different classes of both pneumonia and dental caries better than other popular feature selection methods.ConclusionsFMS projects data into lower dimension with preservation of enough features, and thus improve the intelligibility of the result. The results showed that FMS is a more valid and reliable methods in feature reduction.
Quality assessment on Polygoni Multiflori Caulis using HPLC/UV/MS combined with principle component analysis
Authors: Zhao Yang , Kao Chun-Pin , Chang Yuan-Shiun , Ho Yu-Ling 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Polygoni Multiflori Caulis, the dried caulis of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicines having antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Polygoni Multiflori Caulis used clinically or circulated on market have great differences in their diameters. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been reported on the qualities of Polygoni Multiflori Caulis with different diameters.

Results
Systematic HPLC/UV/MS chromatographic fingerprinting and quantitative analytical methods combined with principal component analysis were developed and applied to analyze different Polygoni Multiflori Caulis samples. The contents of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside, the chemical marker for quality control on Polygoni Multiflori Caulis specified in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition), were found to have surprising relevance with the samples’ diameters for the first time.

Conclusion
The finding provides a scientific basis for collecting Polygoni Multiflori Caulis in the best time. Moreover, the diameter can be used as the criterion for quality control on Polygoni Multiflori Caulis as a preliminary step in the future. In addition, scores plot obtained from principal component analysis shows the obvious differences between unqualified Polygoni Multiflori Caulis samples and qualified ones visually, which can be used to single out the unqualified ones with qualified ones efficiently and immediately.
Performance of breast cancer screening methods and modality among Chinese women: a report from a society-based breast screening program (SBSP) in Shanghai
Authors: Mo Miao , Liu Guang-yu , Zheng Ying , Di Lian-fang , Ji Ya-jie , Lv Li-lang , Chen Ying-yao , Peng Wei-jun , Zhu Jie-ru , Bao Ping-ping , Ding Jian-hui , Chang Cai , Luo Jian-feng , Cao Zhi-gang , Xu Wang-hong , Shao Zhi-min 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
To evaluate the screening performance of individual and combined use of clinical breast examination, ultrasonography and mammography in Chinese women, we conducted a biennial breast cancer screening program among 14,464 women aged 35 to 74 years old who lived in Qibao County, Minhang district of Shanghai, China, between May 2008 and Sept 2012. All participants were submitted to clinical breast examination, and then women with positive results and all women at age of 45-69 years old were preformed breast ultrasonography and mammography. The examination results were compared against pathological findings as the gold standard of reference. A total of 66 women were diagnosed with breast cancer in the two rounds of the screening, yielding an incident rate of 194 per 100,000 person-years. The sensitivity of clinical breast examination, ultrasonography and mammography alone were 61.4%, 53.7% and 67.3%, respectively. While mammography performed better in elder age groups and hormone receptor positive disease groups, ultrasonography had a higher sensitivity in younger age group and did not differ in sensitivity by estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor status. Combined use of the two imaging examinations increased the sensitivity in almost all age groups, but had a higher sensitivity in hormone receptor positive cancers than in those negative. Our results suggest that the Qibao modality is an effective strategy for breast cancer screening among Chinese women, especially for early detection of elder and hormone receptor positive breast cancer.
Democracy in the museum. The foundation and permanent exhibition of the Museo Adolfo Suárez y la Transición
Authors: Sehrt Jurek , Reckling Tobias 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This article examines the recently founded Museo Adolfo Suárez y la Transición – the first Spanish museum dedicated to the Transition to Democracy. Through considering museums as important institutions for the formation of national identities, the article explores the foundation of the museum and its current permanent exhibition in the context of competing narratives of contemporary Spanish history. In doing so, it will be argued that in the context of this museum, the Spanish Transition, as the founding myth for the democratic Spanish nation, also serves to silence the more problematic Spanish history of the twentieth century.
Optical characteristics of injection-molded fluorene polymers
Authors: Kato Mariko , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Digital cameras are small, but they must be able to take images with numerous pixels. To use few lenses in devices, aspheric lenses have been used. Fluorene-based polymers (FBPs) have a high refractive index and low birefringence. Because optical lenses must be manufactured as designed with low optical retardation, FBP optical lenses are widely used. This study assessed optical and flow characteristics of polycarbonate (PC) and two kinds of FBP. Molded specimen characteristics of PC and two FBPs revealed these properties of the FBPs. The results show that the unique structure of FBPs eliminated birefringence, because of the cardo structure part, including the fluorene ring. Differences in optical properties are attributable to structural differences of the part which is polymerized with the fluorene structure (the X part). The temperature dependence of FBPs in the flow characteristics and optical properties was smaller than that of PC; the slight temperature dependence is particularly obvious above the glass transition temperature (Tg). The benzene ring content of FBP affects the resin optical and physical properties. The influence of the difference between the fluorene polyester structure and the PC structure was greater than that of the benzene ring content in the X part, in the molecular structure of FBP.
Women’s Perceptions of Contributory Factors for Not Achieving a Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC)
Authors: Kelly Georgina , Hauck Yvonne L. , Bayes Sara , Hardwick Tasmin 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND:With cesarean rates around the world escalating, concern is growing around why women wanting a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) are not achieving their goal.AIM:To gain an understanding of women’s perceptions of factors they felt contributed to not achieving a VBAC.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:Fifteen women were interviewed following a nonelective repeat cesarean section (NERCS). They had attended a Western Australian midwifery-led service, next birth after cesarean (NBAC), and labored but were not successful in achieving a VBAC because of reasons around delayed progress. Interview transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method of thematic analysis.FINDINGS:Five themes emerged: “Tentative commitment with lingering doubts,” “My body failed me,” “Compromised by a longer than tolerable labor,” “Unable to effectively self-advocate in a climate of power struggling and poor support,” and “The inflexibility of hospital processes.” The final theme included two subthemes: “Restrictive policies” on labor and use of the cardiotocography, “The CTG.”CONCLUSIONS:When labor did not progress as envisaged and hospital processes adversely affected how women were supported, women’s doubts around being able to achieve a VBAC were reinforced with a NERCS. Maternity services need to ensure clinical practice reflects best evidence while assuring staff are supportive of women’s choice.
Holistic Pregnancy Care: Aligning Complementary and Alternative Medicine With Midwifery Practice
Authors: Hall Helen G. , Griffiths Debra L. , McKenna Lisa G. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND:The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to manage pregnancy-related conditions is becoming increasingly popular. This article draws on a qualitative study that aimed to explain the processes midwives engaged when determining the role of these therapies for pregnancy care.METHODOLOGY:Our study used grounded theory methodology. Twenty-five midwives, who were employed in metropolitan hospitals situated in Victoria, Australia, participated in the study. Data was collected from semistructured interviews and nonparticipant observation of a subgroup over an 18-month period.RESULTS:Midwives’ attitudes and behavior toward the CAM was influenced by their professional ideology and knowledge. When participants considered the role of these therapies, they employed various strategies including aligning CAM with midwifery philosophy, using the therapies to increase women’s options, valuing diverse ways of understanding and seeking out professional knowledge.CONCLUSIONS:Although midwives do not reject conventional medicine, many value the opportunity CAM offers to individualize care and promote natural childbearing.
Nitride‐Coated Titanium Mesh and Particulate Allograft for Vertical Ridge Augmentation
Authors: Chan Hsun‐Liang , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: June 2013

Introduction: Titanium mesh (Ti‐mesh) has been used as a space‐making material in vertical ridge augmentation (VRA). Difficulties in handling this material remain a major obstacle for its routine use. This case report describes the clinical efficacy of Ti‐mesh with a modified surface for VRA.Case Presentation: A 65‐year‐old Asian male presented requiring VRA in the posterior mandible for the placement of standard‐sized implants (≥10 mm). The area was treated with Ti‐mesh and allograft particulates. The Ti‐mesh used has a small pore size (300 μm), which is capable of containing bone grafts, and titanium nitride coating, which allows for easier mesh retrieval. The healing was uneventful. Six months after the surgery, a mean of 4.0‐mm ridge height gain was obtained. Three standard‐sized implants (3.8 × 10.5 and 4.6 × 10.5 mm) were placed in the augmented region.Conclusions: This case report demonstrates that the newly designed Ti‐mesh applied in this case report, in combination with allografts, is effective in increasing ridge height in the posterior mandible. The amount of vertical bone gain is comparable with the published data in the literature using other types of barrier membranes, including titanium‐reinforced membrane.
Statistical Analysis of Reservoir Parameters of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Formation in the Carpathian Foredeep Obtained from Dst Tests and Geophysical Surveys
Authors: Dubiel Stanisław , Uliasz-Misiak Barbara 
Published: June 2013

Streszczenie
W publikacji przedstawiono wybrane wyniki analizy statystycznej właściwości zbiornikowych i parametrów złożowych utworów jury górnej-kredy dolnej określone na podstawie wyników testów rurowymi próbnikami złoża (RPZ) oraz badaniami geofizycznymi, przydatne przy opracowywaniu charakterystyki geologicznej złóż węglo­wodorów w utworach górnej jury-dolnej kredy.
Właściwości zbiornikowe (porowatość ogólna, miąższość efektywna) oraz parametry złożowe (przepuszczal­ność, gradient ciśnienia złożowego i wskaźnik wydobycia wody złożowej) jury górnej-kredy dolnej, usyste­matyzowano w postaci histogramów, w celu scharakteryzowania ich rozkładu i wyznaczenia wartości średnich. Wyznaczone średnie wartości mogą być wykorzystane przy projektowaniu procesów dowiercania, opróbowania i eksploatacji złóż węglowodorów w utworach górnej jury-dolnej kredy.
Wartość ciśnienia złożowego określona na podstawie wyników testów złożowych RPZ stanowi podstawę symulacji złożowych, a także projektowania konstrukcji otworów wiertniczych, technologii dowiercania oraz eksploatacji złoża. Metodami analizy statystycznej wyznaczono równanie regresji liniowej zmian ciśnienia złożowego w funkcji głębokości zalegania skał węglanowych jury górnej- kredy dolnej. Równanie to może być wykorzystywane do prognozowania wartości ciśnienia w danym rejonie wierceń.
Cechy produkcyjne badanych poziomów perspektywicznych jury górnej-kredy dolnej oceniono na podstawie zmian wskaźnika wydobycia wody złożowej (wydatek przypadający na jednostkę depresji ciśnienia) w funkcji miąższości efektywnej. Uzyskana korelacja pozwala na prognozowanie wskaźnika wydobycia wody złożowej na podstawie miąższości efektywnej w badanych utworach.
Cechą skał zbiornikowych, od której w znacznym stopniu zależy wielkość wskaźnika wydobycia tak wody złożowej, jak też i węglowodorów, jest ich przepuszczalność. Zróżnicowane zależności pomiędzy porowatością i przepuszczalnością występujące w skałach węglanowych są często przyczyną trudności i niejednoznaczności w interpretacji wyników testów złożowych. Metodami analizy statystycznej stwierdzono - dla wybranego obszaru poszukiwań naftowych - zadawalającą korelację między przepuszczalnością efektywną dla wody określoną testami RPZ, a porowatością oszacowaną na podstawie pomiarów geofizyki wiertniczej, nadającą się do progno­zowania wartości przepuszczalności skał jury górnej-kredy dolnej.
Content analysis of heavy metals/metalloids and mineral composition of waste generated during uranium concentrate processing
Authors: Pala Aleksandra , Widziewicz Kamila , Nowak Jacek , Loska Krzysztof , Biegańska Jolanta 
Published: June 2013

Streszczenie
Odpady powstające w procesie wydobycia i przeróbki rudy uranowej stanowią najliczniejszą grupę odpadów pouranowych. Gromadzone w postaci hałd skały płonnej i odpadów przeróbczych, ze względu na obecność w nich promieniotwórczych radionuklidów oraz pierwiastków metali ciężkich/metaloidów, stanowią potencjalne źródło zagrożenia dla ekosystemów.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy składu mineralnego oraz chemicznego skały płonnej. Określenie składu mineralnego dokonano na drodze analizy rentgenograficznej, stosując dyfraktometr HZG-4 firmy DRON. Zawartość metali ciężkich/metaloidów w próbkach odpadów oznaczona została przy użyciu metody atomowej spektrometrii absorpcyjnej. Analizie spektrometrycznej poddano następujące metale ciężkie/metaloidy: As, Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Cu, Ni. Celem wykonanych analiz było scharakteryzowanie rozpatrywanej grupy odpadów pouranowych pod względem składu mineralnego i pierwiastkowego.
Teren badań obejmował obszar Kotliny Jeleniogórskiej, znajdujący się w południowo-zachodniej Polsce w województwie dolnośląskim. Odpady skalne pobrane zostały z hałd zlokalizowanych w miejscowościach Kowary-Podgórze i Radoniów.
Przeprowadzona analiza rentgenograficzna pobranych próbek odpadów wykazała obecność w odpadach minerałów powszechnie występujących na terenie Kotliny Jeleniogórskiej. W próbkach oznaczone zostały między innymi minerały należące do grupy zeolitów oraz minerałów ilastych, które wykazują zdolność sorpcji metali ciężkich/metaloidów.
Analiza spektrometryczna metali ciężkich/metaloidów potwierdziła obecność w pobranych próbkach ozna­czanych metali ciężkich/metaloidów, których stężenia nie przekroczyły jednak wartości dopuszczalnych, określo­nych w Rozporządzeniu Ministra Środowiska w sprawie standardów jakości gleby i ziemi.
Przeprowadzone analizy nie wykazały, aby rozpatrywana grupa odpadów wydobywczych miała negatywny wpływ na środowisko przyrodnicze.
A Novel Model of Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis in Rats
Authors: Zhang Fang , An Yunfang , Li Zeqing , Zhao Changqing 
Published: June 2013

Background Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS) is a life-threatening inflammatory disease that affects immunocompromised patients, but animal models of the disease are scarce. This study aimed to develop an IFRS model in neutropenic rats. Methods The model was established in three consecutive steps: unilateral nasal obstruction with Merocel sponges, followed by administration of cyclophosphamide (CPA), and, finally, nasal inoculation with Aspergillus fumigatus. Fifty healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, with group I as the controls, group II undergoing unilateral nasal obstruction alone, group III undergoing nasal obstruction with fungal inoculation, group IV undergoing nasal obstruction with administration of CPA, and group V undergoing nasal obstruction with administration of CPA and fungal inoculation. Hematology, histology, and mycology investigations were performed. Results The changes in the rat absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) were statistically different across the groups. The administration of CPA decreased the ANCs, whereas nasal obstruction with fungal inoculation increased the ANCs, and nasal obstruction did not change them. Histological examination of the rats in group V revealed the hyphal invasion of sinus mucosa and bone, thrombosis, and tissue infarction. No pathology indicative of IFRS was observed in the remaining groups. Positive rates of fungal culture in tissue homogenates from the maxillary sinus (62.5%) and lung (25%) were found in group V, whereas groups I, II, III, and IV showed no fungal culture in the homogenates. Conclusion A rat IFRS model was successfully developed through nasal obstruction, CPA-induced neutropenia, and fungal inoculation. The disease model closely mimics the pathophysiology of anthropic IFRS.