bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fruit‐feeding Butterfly Communities are Influenced by Restoration Age in Tropical Forests
Authors: Sant'Anna Clara L. B. , Ribeiro Danilo B. , Garcia Letícia C. , Freitas André V. L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCurrently, a large‐scale restoration project aims to restore around 15 million hectares of Atlantic Forest in Brazil. This will increase forest cover and connectivity among remnant sites as well as restore environmental services. Currently, studies on recovery of fauna in restored areas of the Atlantic Forest are practically nonexistent. To address this knowledge vacuum, our study compares diversity patterns of fruit‐feeding butterflies in three forest areas with different restoration ages (11, 22, and 54 years), and uses a native forest area as reference. Results showed butterfly communities in maturing restored areas becoming more similar to the ones found in the native forest, with an increase in the proportional abundance of forest species, and a decrease of edge and grassland species. Moreover, we found a higher diversity among sites at the intermediate restoration age, with a community composed of both grassland and forest species. Butterfly species composition differed significantly among sites, showing interesting patterns of potential species replacement over time. Our results indicate that, although restored sites were located in a fragmented landscape, they provide suitable habitats for recolonization by fruit‐feeding butterfly assemblages. Hence, restored areas can be considered important habitat for forest animal species, increasing local biodiversity and, possibly, restoring some of the ecosystem services provided by them.
Contrasting Cloud Forest Restoration Potential Between Plantations of Different Exotic Tree Species
Authors: Thijs Koen W. , Aerts Raf , Van de Moortele Pieter , Musila Winfred , Gulinck Hubert , Muys Bart 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe role of exotic tree plantations for biodiversity conservation is contested. Such plantations nevertheless offer various ecosystem service benefits, which include carbon storage and facilitation of indigenous tree species regeneration. To assess forest restoration potential in tropical exotic tree plantations, we assessed native cloud forest tree regeneration in 166 plots in ca. 50‐year‐old plantations of five timber species that are widely used in tropical plantations (Pinus patula, Eucalyptus saligna, Cupressus lusitanica, Grevillea robusta and Acacia mearnsii). Differences in species abundance, diversity and composition were compared among plantations, and between plantations and disturbed and undisturbed indigenous Afromontane cloud forest (southeast Kenya) relicts after controlling for environmental variation between plots (i.e. altitude, distance to indigenous forest, soil depth, slope, aspect) and for environmental and stand structural variation (i.e. dominant tree height and basal area). Regenerating trees were mostly early‐successional species. Indigenous tree species regeneration was significantly higher in Grevillea plantations, where the seedling community also included late‐successional tree species. Regeneration under Eucalyptus was particularly poor. Acacia had a strong invasive nature, reducing its potential role and usefulness in indigenous forest restoration. Our study underlined that exotic tree plantations have differential effects on native tree species regeneration, with high potential for Grevillea plantations and low potential for invasive exotic species.
Building Taxon Substitution Guidelines on a Biological Control Foundation
Authors: Aslan Clare E. , Aslan Austin , Croll Don , Tershy Bernie , Zavaleta Erika 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWhen a species becomes extinct, its ecological functions are lost as well. Taxon substitution is a controversial approach to restoring such functions via introduction of non‐native species known to serve similar functions elsewhere. Due to the possibility of nontarget effects from such introductions, taxon substitution has been proposed and implemented in only a few systems, but these attempts have successfully restored functions. As a conservation tool, taxon substitution bears similarity to biological control, wherein species are also introduced for their ecological function with consideration of potential nontarget effects. To improve both the safety and efficacy of taxon substitution, regulatory bodies that currently issue guidelines for biological control can do the same for taxon substitution. Indeed, many biological control guidelines would apply well to taxon substitution. We examine the standard practices followed by biological control programs and propose corresponding taxon substitution guidelines. Integration of taxon substitution into the existing national and international environmental management conversation will improve the tool and has the potential to enhance conservation efforts across a wide diversity of systems if appropriate and stringent precautions are taken.
Inference of Seasonal Long‐memory Time Series with Measurement Error
Authors: Tsai Henghsiu , Rachinger Heiko , Lin Edward M.H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe consider the Whittle likelihood estimation of seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated moving‐average models in the presence of an additional measurement error and show that the spectral maximum Whittle likelihood estimator is asymptotically normal. We illustrate by simulation that ignoring measurement errors may result in incorrect inference. Hence, it is pertinent to test for the presence of measurement errors, which we do by developing a likelihood ratio (LR) test within the framework of Whittle likelihood. We derive the non‐standard asymptotic null distribution of this LR test and the limiting distribution of LR test under a sequence of local alternatives. Because in practice, we do not know the order of the seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated moving‐average model, we consider three modifications of the LR test that takes model uncertainty into account. We study the finite sample properties of the size and the power of the LR test and its modifications. The efficacy of the proposed approach is illustrated by a real‐life example.
50th Anniversary Article: The Origin and Management of Residual Stress in Heat‐treatable Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Robinson J. S. , Tanner D. A. , Truman C. E. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe presence of macroscopic residual stresses in heat‐treatable aluminium alloys can give rise to machining distortion, dimensional instability and increased susceptibility to in‐service fatigue and stress corrosion cracking. This paper presents and reviews details about the residual stress magnitudes and distributions introduced into wrought aluminium alloys by the thermal operations associated with heat treatment. Experimental measurement data and the results of finite element analysis are presented and discussed. The available technologies by which residual stresses in aluminium alloys can be relieved are reviewed. The limitations of these techniques are described, and recommendations are made as to selecting the most appropriate technique to manage residual stresses. Opportunities for the future optimisation of these techniques are also presented.
Decision Theory with Resource‐Bounded Agents
Authors: Halpern Joseph Y. , Pass Rafael , Seeman Lior 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThere have been two major lines of research aimed at capturing resource‐bounded players in game theory. The first, initiated by Rubinstein (), charges an agent for doing costly computation; the second, initiated by Neyman (), does not charge for computation, but limits the computation that agents can do, typically by modeling agents as finite automata. We review recent work on applying both approaches in the context of decision theory. For the first approach, we take the objects of choice in a decision problem to be Turing machines, and charge players for the “complexity” of the Turing machine chosen (e.g., its running time). This approach can be used to explain well‐known phenomena likefirst‐impression‐matters biases(i.e., people tend to put more weight on evidence they hear early on) andbelief polarization(two people with different prior beliefs, hearing the same evidence, can end up with diametrically opposed conclusions) as the outcomes of quite rational decisions. For the second approach, we model people as finite automata, and provide a simple algorithm that, on a problem that captures a number of settings of interest, provably performs optimally as the number of states in the automaton increases.
Residual plasma in red blood cells and transfusion‐related acute lung injury
Authors: Weber Litchia L. , Roberts Laura D. , Sweeney Joseph D. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundTransfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the most common cause of death from blood transfusion and red blood cells (RBCs) now account for approximately 50% of these fatalities. RBCs from female donors have been implicated in large series and HLA Class II antibodies to cognate recipient antigens identified in small series and case reports. The absolute volume of residual plasma in these RBCs is unknown.Study Design and MethodsTwo confirmed cases of RBC‐associated TRALI in which the implicated donors had Class II antibodies were investigated, and the antibody strength against recipient cognate antigens was assessed using a fluorescent bead assay. RBCs in additive solution (AS) were studied on Day 42 of liquid storage to calculate residual anticoagulated plasma.ResultsBoth RBC units were stored in AS‐1 and were from female donors who had anti‐HLA Class II antibodies of high strength against cognate antigens in the recipients. Anti‐DR4 was identified in both cases. Nineteen AS‐1 RBC units manufactured from whole blood donations using a hard spin had a mean (±1SD) residual plasma content of 38 ± 8 mL, and 26 AS‐3 RBC units manufactured using a soft spin had 66 ± 13 mL (p < 0.01).ConclusionRBCs continue to be manufactured from female donors of unknown or even known anti‐HLA status. The residual plasma content of these RBCs may approach 100 mL. A combination of a high‐strength antibody and large residual plasma volume could explain severe or even fatal RBC‐associated TRALI.
Can Export Restrictions be Disciplined Through the World Trade Organisation?
Authors: Cardwell Ryan , Kerr William A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA number of major agricultural exporting countries responded to high food prices from 2007 to 2011 by imposing export restrictions on agricultural commodities in efforts to constrain domestic food price inflation. These restrictions reduced the volume of internationally traded food and exacerbated international price spikes. Net food‐importing countries were faced with growing import bills, and non‐governmental organisations that target food security scaled‐back programme commitments and appealed for increased funding. There have subsequently been a chorus of calls for the development of a formal international framework that could discipline the use of agricultural export restrictions; the agreements of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) have been targeted as possible fora for such disciplines. We present a framework in which the efficacy of such disciplines can be analysed and conclude that constraints on agricultural export restrictions are not likely to be effective within the WTO's Dispute Settlement Understanding for two reasons. First, the timelines for dispute settlement in the WTO are too long to be useful in disputes about export restrictions during periods of high food prices. Second, the withdrawal of tariff concessions, or trade retaliation, that could be authorised in such cases would not be a credible response for many complainant countries.
On a conjecture of Rudin on squares in arithmetic progressions
Authors: González-Jiménez Enrique , Xarles Xavier 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLet $Q(N;q,a)$ be the number of squares in the arithmetic progression $qn+a$, for $n=0$,$1,\ldots,N-1$, and let $Q(N)$ be the maximum of $Q(N;q,a)$ over all non-trivial arithmetic progressions $qn + a$. Rudin’s conjecture claims that $Q(N)=O(\sqrt{N})$, and in its stronger form that $Q(N)=Q(N;24,1)$ if $N\ge 6$. We prove the conjecture above for $6\le N\le 52$. We even prove that the arithmetic progression $24n+1$ is the only one, up to equivalence, that contains $Q(N)$ squares for the values of $N$ such that $Q(N)$ increases, for $7\le N\le 52$ ($N=8,13,16,23,27,36,41$ and $52$).Supplementary materials are available with this article.
Draft Genome Sequence of Trueperella pyogenes, Isolated from the Infected Uterus of a Postpartum Cow with Metritis
Authors: Goldstone Robert J. , Amos Matt , Talbot Richard , Schuberth Hans-Joachim , Sandra Olivier , Sheldon I. Martin , Smith David G. E. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Trueperella pyogenes
is a common commensal bacterium and an opportunistic pathogen associated with chronic purulent disease, particularly in ruminants. We report here the genome sequence of a
T. pyogenes
isolate from a severe case of bovine metritis. This is the first full record of a
T. pyogenes
genome.
Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum 19L3, a Strain Proposed as a Starter Culture for Slovenská Bryndza Ovine Cheese
Authors: D'Auria Giuseppe , Džunková Mária , Moya Andrés , Tomáška Martin , Kološta Miroslav , Kmet Vladimir 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

The genome sequence of
Lactobacillus plantarum
isolated from ovine cheese is presented here. This bacterium is proposed as a starter strain, named 19L3, for Slovenská bryndza cheese, a traditional Slovak cheese fulfilling European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) requirements.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Mixed-Subtype (H5N1 and H6N6) Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from a Duck in Hunan Province, China
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Xu Bing , Chen Quanjiao , Chen Ze 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
We isolated an avian influenza virus, A/duck/Hunan/747/2011(mixed), which included the H5N1 and H6N6 subtypes, from a duck in China. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the H5 hemagglutinin (HA) gene belongs to clade 2.3.2.1, the H6 HA gene belongs to the group II lineage, and the other internal genes show different recombination events.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lysobacter capsici AZ78, a Bacterium Antagonistic to Plant-Pathogenic Oomycetes
Authors: Puopolo Gerardo , Sonego Paolo , Engelen Kristof , Pertot Ilaria 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Lysobacter capsici
AZ78, isolated from tobacco rhizosphere, effectively controls
Phytophthora infestans
and
Plasmopara viticola
on tomato and grapevine plants, respectively. We report the first draft genome sequence of the
L. capsici
species.
Complete Genome Sequences of 16 Canadian Strains of Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Enteritidis
Authors: Rehman Muhammad A. , Ziebell Kim , Nash John H. E. , Kropinski Andrew M. , Ross Ashley , Al-Lami Mariam , Boerlin Patrick , Chui Linda , Devenish John , Bekal Sadjia , Graham Morag , Amoako Kingsley K. , Johnson Roger P. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Enteritidis is an important zoonotic food-borne pathogen causing serious human illnesses frequently linked to poultry products. Here, we report fully assembled genome sequences of 16
S
. Enteritidis strains with common pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and phage types (8, 13, 13a, and 14b) that predominate in North America.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Tatumella
sp. Strain UCD-D_suzukii (Phylum
Proteobacteria
) Isolated from
Drosophila suzukii
Larvae
Authors: Dunitz Madison I. , James Pamela M. , Jospin Guillaume , Eisen Jonathan A. , Coil David A. , Chandler James Angus 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Here we present the draft genome of
Tatumella
sp. strain UCD-D_suzukii, the first member of this genus to be sequenced. The genome contains 3,602,931 bp in 72 scaffolds. This strain was isolated from
Drosophila suzukii
larvae as part of a larger project to study the microbiota of
D. suzukii
.
Clinician perspectives on considering radiation exposure to patients when ordering imaging tests: a qualitative study
Authors: Kruger Jenna F , Chen Alice Hm , Rybkin Alex , Leeds Kiren , Frosch Dominick L , Goldman L Elizabeth 
Published: April 2014

Background and objectivesIncreased computer tomography (CT) scan use has contributed to a rise in medically-associated radiation exposure. The extent to which clinicians consider radiation exposure when ordering imaging tests is unknown. We examined (1) outpatient clinician attitudes towards considering radiation exposure when ordering CT scans; and (2) clinician reactions to displaying radiation exposure information for CT scans at clinician electronic order entry.MethodsWe conducted nine focus groups with primary care clinicians and subspecialty physicians (nephrology, pulmonary and neurology) (n=50) who deliver outpatient care across 12 hospital-based clinics and community health centres in an urban safety-net health system, which use a common electronic order entry system. We analysed focus group transcripts using an inductive framework to identify emergent themes and illustrative quotations.FindingsClinicians felt they had limited knowledge of the clinical implications of radiation exposure. Many believed clinically relevant information such as the increased risk of malignancy from CT scans would be useful to inform decision-making and patient–clinician discussions. Clinicians noted that patient vulnerability and long wait times for tests with less radiation exposure (such as MRI or ultrasound) often acted as barriers to minimise patient radiation exposure from CT scans. Clinicians suggested providing patients’ cumulative radiation exposure or formal decision aids to improve the usefulness of the radiation exposure information.ConclusionsDisplaying clinically relevant radiation exposure information at order entry may improve clinician knowledge and inform patient–clinician discussions regarding risks and benefits of imaging. However, limited access to tests with lower radiation exposure in safety-net settings may trump efforts to minimise patient radiation exposure.
Histopathologists’ approach to keratoacanthoma: a multisite survey of regional variation in Great Britain and Ireland
Authors: Carr Richard A , Houghton Joseph P 
Published: April 2014

IntroductionThis survey examines regional variation in the diagnosis of keratoacanthoma (KA).MethodsTwenty-three departments from Great Britain and Ireland were invited. The number of cases coded as KA or cutaneous SCC in the previous 12 months was retrieved. An SCC: KA ratio was calculated. Participants also provided free text responses.ResultsSeventeen departments replied. A total of 11 718 cases were included with a breakdown of 998 KA and 10 720 SCC. The mean SCC:KA ratio was 10.7:1, range (2.5:1 to 139:1). Free text responses are presented.DiscussionsAn extreme variation in approach is highlighted by this survey. We believe a multidisciplinary team approach to the diagnosis of KA is essential. There seems to be a need for a carefully considered clinicopathological study, backed up by molecular studies, to better understand the natural biology of this diagnosis.
Adverse experiences in childhood, adulthood neighbourhood disadvantage and health behaviours
Authors: Halonen Jaana I , Vahtera Jussi , Kivimäki Mika , Pentti Jaana , Kawachi Ichiro , Subramanian S V 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundEarly life adversities may play a role in the associations observed between neighbourhood contextual factors and health behaviours.MethodsWe examined whether self-reported adverse experiences in childhood (parental divorce, long-term financial difficulties, serious conflicts, serious/chronic illness or alcohol problem in the family, and frequent fear of a family member) explain the association between adulthood neighbourhood disadvantage and co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors (smoking, moderate/heavy alcohol use, physical inactivity). Study population consisted of 31 271 public sector employees from Finland. The cross-sectional associations were analysed using two-level cumulative logistic regression models.ResultsChildhood adverse experiences were associated with the sum of risk factors (cumulative OR 1.32 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.40) among those reporting 3–6 vs 0 adversities). Adverse experiences did not attenuate the association between neighbourhood disadvantage and risk factors; this cumulative OR was 1.52 (95% CI 1.43 to 1.62) in the highest versus lowest quartile of neighbourhood disadvantage when not including adversities, and 1.50 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.60) when adjusted for childhood adversities. In adversity-stratified analyses those reporting 3–6 adversities had 1.60-fold (95% CI 1.42 to 1.80) likelihood of risk factors if living in the neighbourhood of the highest disadvantage, while in those with fewer adversities this likelihood was 1.09–1.34-fold (95% CI 0.98 to 1.53) (p interaction 0.07).ConclusionsChildhood adverse experiences and adulthood neighbourhood disadvantage were associated with behavioural risk factors. Childhood experiences did not explain associations between neighbourhood disadvantage and the risk factors. However, those with more adverse experiences may be susceptible for the socioeconomic conditions of neighbourhoods.
Individual and spousal education, mortality and life expectancy in Switzerland: a national cohort study
Authors: Spoerri Adrian , Schmidlin Kurt , Richter Matthias , Egger Matthias , Clough-Gorr Kerri M 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundHousehold measures of socioeconomic position may better account for the shared nature of material resources, lifestyle, and social position of cohabiting persons, but household measures of education are rarely used. We aimed to evaluate the association of combined educational attainment of married couples on mortality and life expectancy in Switzerland.MethodsThe study included 3 496 163 ever-married persons aged ≥30 years. The 2000 census was linked to mortality records through 2008. Mortality by combined educational attainment was assessed by gender-age-specific HRs, with 95% CIs from adjusted models, life expectancy was derived using abridged life tables.ResultsHaving a less educated partner was associated with increased mortality. For example, the HR comparing men aged 50–64 years with tertiary education married to women with tertiary education to men with compulsory education married to women with compulsory education was 2.05 (1.92–2.18). The estimated remaining life expectancy in tertiary educated men aged 30 years married to women with tertiary education was 4.6 years longer than in men with compulsory education married to women with compulsory education. The gradient based on individual education was less steep: the HR comparing men aged 50–64 years with tertiary education with men with compulsory education was 1.74 (1.67–1.81).ConclusionsUsing individual educational attainment of married persons is common in epidemiological research, but may underestimate the combined effect of education on mortality and life expectancy. These findings are relevant to epidemiologic studies examining socio-demographic characteristics or aiming to adjust results for these characteristics.