bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of microPET imaging approaches in the study of pediatric anesthetic‐induced neuronal toxicity
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Paule Merle G. , Wang Cheng , Slikker William 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTAdvances in pediatric and obstetric surgery have resulted in an increase in the complexity, duration and number of anesthetic procedures. Currently, the general anesthetics that are used most often have either NMDA receptor blocking or GABA receptor activating properties. It has been reported that prolonged exposure of the developing brain to a clinically relevant concentration of anesthetics that have NMDA antagonist or GABA‐mimetic properties, and/or their combinations, resulted in an extensive abnormal pattern of neuroapoptosis, and subsequent cognitive deficits in animals. Molecular imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) is a leading modality for obtaining non‐ or minimally invasive in vivo measurements of multiple biological processes in various organs. The development of microPET imaging applications has provided the ability to collect sensitive and quantitative three‐dimensional molecular information from the living brains of a variety of animals. The main aim of this review was to describe molecular imaging approaches that have been used in the study of pediatric anesthetic‐induced neuronal toxicity. Published 2013. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectral and Thermodynamic Properties of One Benzoindole Pentamethine Cyanine Dye
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Fu , Zhao Jun‐Long , Bi Wei‐Bin , Zhang Dan‐Dan , Yang Zhi‐Yuan , Wang Lan‐Ying 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOne benzoindole pentamethine cyanine dye was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, IR, MS and UV‐Vis spectra. The UV‐Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of the dye in chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, ethanol and methanol were investigated, and the λmax of the dye was in the region 682.0–689.0 nm with large molar extinction coefficients (ϵ > 105 M−1cm−1) in different solvents. The structure of the dye was also characterized and analyzed by X‐ray diffraction. Crystallographic data revealed that the dye belonged to orthorhombic, with space group P212121, a = 10.059(2) Å, b = 15.098(4) Å, c = 24.989(6) Å, V = 3794.8(15) Å3, Z = 4. The C‐H···F intermolecular hydrogen bonds were displayed in the molecular system, which were effective in the molecular packing. The aggregation behavior and thermodynamic properties of the dye in aqueous methanol solution were also studied by means of UV‐Vis spectroscopy methods. The results indicated that the dye existed monomer‐dimer equilibrium in aqueous methanol solutions. The fundamental properties of the dye, such as the dimeric association constant KD, the dimeric free energy ΔGD, the dimeric entropy ΔSD, and the dimeric enthalpy ΔHD were determined. The ΔHD of the dye was –46.0 kJ mol−1.
Photoluminescence Study on Charge Transfer Behavior of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and PCBM Blends
Authors: Huang Ping‐Tsung , Huang Po‐Fang , Horng Yu‐Jei , Yang Chien‐Pai 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCharge transfer behavior of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl eser (PCBM) in solutions and in films were examined by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. PL study in solutions indicated that separation distance between P3HT and PCBM affected charge transfer efficiency more seriously than the interface area issue between P3HT and PCBM. P3HT/PCBM film showed very effective photo‐induced charge transfer before post‐thermal annealing on the bi‐layer P3HT/PCBM film. Charge transfer efficiency was gradually diminished by the annealing‐induced phase separation between P3HT and PCBM as revealed by increasing PL emission intensity of P3HT.
CO2 Adsorption Ability and Thermal Stability of Amines Supported on Mesoporous Silica SBA‐15 and Fumed Silica
Authors: Chao Kuei‐Jung , Klinthong Worasaung , Tan Chung‐Sung 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this study, monoamine 3‐aminopropyl silane (APS) grafted on silica supports were prepared either by post‐modification of mesoporous template‐free SBA‐15 and nonporous fumed silica with 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) or by direct synthesis using a reaction mixture of APTES, TEOS and organic template P123. The CO2 adsorption capacities and efficiencies of amine (defined as CO2/N ratio) on APS grafted silica adsorbents as well as the thermal stability of grafted APS were analyzed and further compared with those of multiamine, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), loaded on mesoporous SBA‐15 and nonporous fumed silica. The TEPA‐loaded silica adsorbents exhibited higher CO2 adsorption capacities but lower thermal stability than the APS‐grafted silica adsorbents. The low cost and commercially available nonporous fumed silica was found to be an appropriate support for amine loading. The TEPA‐loaded fumed silica possessed a CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.97 mmole CO2/(g of adsorbent) and a CO2/N mole ratio of 0.37 under a 15% CO2/N2 mixed gas flow at 75 °C and 1 atm, which were higher than those of the TEPA‐loaded SBA‐15 due to the less CO2 diffusion hindrance. Besides, a high stability of TEPA on fumed silica in cyclic adsorption‐desorption of CO2 over the TEPA loaded on SBA‐15 was observed as well.
(Δ)[Fe(II)(phen)3]2+ Filled in the Chiral Cavitiy Constituted by {(Δ)[Fe(III)(C2O4)3](NH42+)(DMF)(H2O)32−}n
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Jing , Cheng Yi‐Feng , Feng Jun , Lu Xiao‐Ming 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA chiral coordination compound {(Δ)[Fe(II)(phen)3][(Δ)Fe(III)(C2O4)3](NH4)(H2O)3(DMF)}n (phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline), (DMF = N,N'‐Dimethylformamide), has been synthesized, and the structure has been revealed by infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. The framework consists of two chiral subunits. One subunit (Δ)[(Fe(III)(C2O4)3]3− which as host anion forms a chiral porous three‐dimensional supermolecular network with lattice water, lattice DMF and lattice ammonium cation through hydrogen bonds. And then the other is Δ[Fe(II)(phen)3]2+ which as guest cation fills in the chiral cavity located in the previously mentioned host porous network.
Establishment of beet molasses as the fermentation substrate for industrial vitamin B12 production by Pseudomonas denitrificans
Authors: Li Kun‐tai , Peng Wei‐fu , Zhou Jia , wei Sai‐jin , Cheng Xin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDFermentation of the industrial vitamin B12 by Pseudomonas denitrificans usually utilizes sucrose or maltose as the sole carbon source, which results in increased medium costs. In order to decrease the fermentation cost, it is crucial and essential to employ a low‐cost and convenient raw material as an alternative medium substrate for industrial vitamin B12 production.RESULTSThe results obtained in chemically defined medium showed that glutamate and sucrose were favorable for cell growth and vitamin B12 biosynthesis of P. denitrificans. Due to containing a mass of ingredients such as sucrose, glutamate and betaine, beet molasses was consequently chosen as the main medium substrate for industrial P. denitrificans fermentation in a 120 000 L fermenter. Vitamin B12 production reached 181.75 mg L–1.CONCLUSIONSBeet molasses is a by‐product of the sugar industry and is thus very inexpensive, and it was proved that beet molasses was an efficient and economical medium substrate for industiral vitamin B12 fermentation by P. denitrificans. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Gold nanoparticles for cleaning contaminated water
Authors: Qian Huifeng , Pretzer Lori A. , Velazquez Juan C. , Zhao Zhun , Wong Michael S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPollutants in the form of heavy metals, fertilizers, detergents, and pesticides have seriously reduced the supply of pure drinking water and usable water. Gold metal has intriguing potential to deal with the water pollution problem, as recent research on several fronts is advancing the concept of nanoscale gold as the basis for cost‐effective nanotechnology‐based water treatment. Nano‐gold has special properties, such as enhanced catalytic activity, visible surface plasmon resonance color changes, and chemical stability, that make it more useful than other materials. This Perspective article highlights the current use of gold nanoparticles for the efficient removal and the selective and sensitive detection of a variety of pollutants in water. The challenges in further developing nano‐gold to address water contamination are discussed, which should stimulate future research into improved removal and detection of undesirable chemical compounds. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative Effectiveness of Noninvasive Ventilation vs Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Tsai Chu‐Lin , Lee Wen‐Ya , Delclos George L. , Hanania Nicola A. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUNDLimited evidence exists on the comparative effectiveness of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) vs invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients with respiratory failure.OBJECTIVESTo characterize the use of NIV and IMV, and to compare the effectiveness of NIV vs IMV in AECOPD.DESIGN AND PATIENTSRetrospective cohort study using data from the 2006–2008 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. Emergency department visits for AECOPD with acute respiratory failure were identified with codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification.MEASURESThe outcome measures were inpatient mortality, hospital length of stay, hospital charges, and complications.RESULTSThere were an estimated 101,000 visits annually for AECOPD with acute respiratory failure; 96% were admitted to the hospital. Of these, NIV use increased from 14% in 2006 to 16% in 2008 (P=0.049). Use of NIV, however, varied widely between hospitals, ranging from 0% to 100% with a median of 11%. Noninvasive ventilation was more often used in higher–case volume, Northeastern hospitals. In a propensity score analysis, NIV use, compared with IMV, was associated with lower inpatient mortality (risk ratio: 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50‐0.59), shortened hospital length of stay (−3.2 days; 95% CI: −3.4 to −2.9 days), lower hospital charges (−$35,012; 95% CI: −$36,848 to −$33,176), and lower risk of iatrogenic pneumothorax (0.05% vs 0.5%, P<0.001).CONCLUSIONSAlthough NIV use is increasing in US hospitals, its adoption remains low and varies widely between hospitals. Our observational study suggests NIV appears to be more effective and safer than IMV for AECOPD in the real‐world setting. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:165–172. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
A particle model for fluid simulation on the multi‐graphics processing unit
Authors: Zhang Fengquan , Shen Xukun , Long Xiang , Hu Lei , Zhao Bin 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYPhysics‐based fluid simulation has been widely used in manufacture and entertainment industry. However, numerically solving the three‐dimensional incompressible fluid equation is an expensive computation task. Recently, the general purpose graphics hardware allows to speed up the numerical computations. To this end, we explore a new unified particle model on a multi‐graphics processing unit (GPU) platform for interactive fluid simulation. In this paper, we present a parallel framework for fluid simulation with smoothed particle hydrodynamics. To begin with, we discuss the characteristics of storage dependence, data dependence, and decomposition method based on particles. And then, we design the computation model of simulation including kernel functions, adaptive time step, force, and pressure equations. The unified particle model not only ensures the mass and momentum conservation of simulation but also protects the volume of fluid and allows larger time steps, thus alleviating the calculation burden, contributing to the real‐time simulation. Moreover, an effective parallel architecture based on the multi‐GPU is implemented. For the fluid scene, the spatial domain is automatically partitioned into grid layers and assigned to multiple GPUs subsequently. A dynamic load balancing algorithm and an asynchronous data transferring strategy are proposed and implemented. Furthermore, we propose an adaptive density model for particle surface reconstruction. Finally, the quality and performance of the method are demonstrated using multiple scenes with different numbers of particle. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensors and the city: a review of urban meteorological networks
Authors: Muller Catherine L. , Chapman Lee , Grimmond C. S. B. , Young Duick T. , Cai Xiaoming 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe heterogeneous nature of urban environments means that atmospheric research ideally requires a dense network of sensors to adequately resolve the local climate. With recent advances in sensor technology, a number of urban meteorological networks now exist with a range of research or operational objectives. This article reviews and assesses the current status of urban meteorological networks, by examining the fundamental scientific and logistical issues related to these networks. The article concludes by making recommendations for future deployments based on the challenges encountered by existing networks, including the need for better reporting and documentation of network characteristics, standardized approaches and guidelines, along with the need to overcome financial barriers via collaborative relationships in order to establish the long‐term urban networks essential for advancing urban climate research. Copyright © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Phase II study of preoperative chemotherapy with S‐1 and cisplatin followed by gastrectomy for clinically resectable type 4 and large type 3 gastric cancers (JCOG0210)
Authors: Iwasaki Yoshiaki , Sasako Mitsuru , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Nakamura Kenichi , Sano Takeshi , Katai Hitoshi , Tsujinaka Toshimasa , Nashimoto Atsushi , Fukushima Norimasa , Tsuburaya Akira ,   on behalf of the Gastric Cancer Surgical Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe conducted a phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy with S‐1 + cisplatin followed by gastrectomy in patients with linitis plastica (type 4) or large ulcero‐invasive‐type (type 3) gastric cancer.MethodsEligibility criteria included histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the stomach; clinically resectable gastric cancer of type 4 or type 3. Patients received two 28‐day courses of preoperative chemotherapy of S‐1 (80–120 mg/body, p.o., days 1–21) and cisplatin (CDDP; 60 mg/m2, i.v., day 8). Primary endpoints were completion of protocol treatment and incidence of treatment‐related death (TRD).ResultsAmong the 49 eligible patients with the median age of 61 years, 36 completed the protocol treatment comprising two courses of preoperative chemotherapy and R0/1 resection (73.5% completion, 80% CI, 63.7–81.7%). One TRD was observed during the first course of chemotherapy. Median survival and 3‐year overall survival were 17.3 months and 24.5%, respectively.ConclusionsPreoperative chemotherapy with S‐1 + CDDP followed by gastrectomy is a safe and promising treatment for type 4 and large type 3 gastric cancers. Based on the results of this study, we are now conducting a phase III study (JCOG0501) to confirm the superiority of this treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:741–745. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tumor size increase following preoperative radiation of soft tissue sarcomas does not affect prognosis
Authors: Delisca Gadini O. , Alamanda Vignesh K. , Archer Kristin R. , Song Yanna , Schwartz Herbert S. , Holt Ginger E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAdministration of preoperative radiotherapy for extremity soft tissue sarcoma improves local control, while allowing for a more conservative surgical resection. During radiation treatment tumor size typically decreases or remains constant. In a subset of patients, however, a size increase in the tumor occurs. Our goal was to investigate the prognosis of patients who had a size increase of at least 20% over the course of preoperative radiotherapy versus those who did not.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated 70 patients treated for localized primary STS of the extremities between January 2000 and December 2008. Kaplan–Meier curves for disease‐specific and metastasis‐free survival were calculated for both groups.ResultsSixty‐one patients had stable or decrease local tumor size following preoperative radiotherapy and nine patients had an increase of at least 20% in tumor size. There were no statistically significant differences found in disease‐specific survival and metastasis‐free survival (Gray's test, P = 0.93 and P = 0.68, respectively) among the two groups.ConclusionOur results indicate that a 20% increase in tumor size following preoperative radiotherapy did not result in a worse outcome for patients when compared to those who had stable or decrease local tumor size following preoperative radiotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:723–727. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical analysis of nasal obstruction
Authors: Lee Dong Chang , Shin Ji‐Hyeon , Kim Sung Won , Kim Soo Whan , Kim Byung Guk , Kang Jun Myung , Cho Jin Hee , Park Yong Jin 
Published: February 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the relationship between subjective symptoms of nasal obstruction and the corresponding nasal anatomical parameters using paranasal computed tomography (PNS CT).Study DesignRetrospective chart review at a tertiary referral center.MethodsWe studied 277 patients who underwent evaluation by the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale and a visual analogue scale of nasal obstruction for preoperative evaluation; 197 patients with nasal obstruction who underwent septoplasty were enrolled in the study group, and 80 patients without nasal septal deviation and without nasal obstruction who underwent a trans‐sphenoidal pituitary tumor operation were enrolled in the control group. A preoperative coronal CT image was used to calculate both nasal cavity cross‐sectional areas and the septal deviation angle at the three levels (internal nasal valve, ostiomeatal unit [OMU], and choana).ResultsDifferences between the study group and the control group were found in all nasal anatomical parameters at the internal nasal valve, OMU, and choana. In the study group, subjective nasal obstruction symptoms were correlated with the septal deviation angle and the nasal cavity cross‐sectional area at the OMU and the choana levels. However, there was no correlation between subjective symptoms of nasal obstruction and anatomical factors at the nasal valve level (P < .05).ConclusionsCoronal PNS CT revealed a relationship between subjective nasal obstructive symptoms and anatomical factors at the middle and posterior nasal levels, especially in patients complaining of stuffy nose. When septoplasty is performed, we must pay attention to correction of middle and posterior nasal septal deviation.Level of Evidence3.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Interface Structure in Composites Comprising Surface‐Modified SiO2 Nanoparticles and a Polyimide Matrix
Authors: Komarov P. V. , Mikhailov I. V. , Chiu Y.‐T. , Chen S.‐M. , Khalatur P. G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe method of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations is used to investigate the static properties of the organic–inorganic interface in a polymer nanocomposite consisting of polyimide and silica nanoparticles with modified surface. Alkylsilane chains are used as the surface modifiers. The surface density and chains length of the modifier are the main parameters of the simulations. For simplicity, the model of the composite has been constructed as a polymer layer sandwiched between two solid surfaces. Our results show that one can change the properties of the interface between the polymer matrix and the inorganic filler by choosing the molecular weight and surface density of the modifier. magnified image
Primary progressive aphasia with parkinsonism
Authors: Doherty Karen M. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Lees Andrew J. , Holton Janice L. , Warren Jason 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTA 65‐year‐old man presented with word‐finding difficulty and gait disturbance. His speech was nonfluent with word retrieval impairment and difficulties with sentence repetition. Other cognitive domains were intact initially. He developed asymmetrical bradykinesia, rigidity and a rest tremor. Over the following 8 years, his speech production impairment slowly deteriorated with the development of a motor speech disorder, anomia, impaired repetition of single words as well as sentences, and impaired comprehension of initially sentences then single words. His parkinsonian syndrome also deteriorated with limited response to levodopa. Serial brain MRI revealed progressive asymmetric perisylvian atrophy. He died after a disease duration of 12 years. The clinical syndrome is discussed by an expert, the pathology is described, and important clinical points from the case are highlighted. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Lewy body pathology in a patient with a homozygous Parkin deletion
Authors: Miyakawa Saori , Ogino Mieko , Funabe Sayaka , Uchino Akiko , Shimo Yasushi , Hattori Nobutaka , Ichinoe Masaaki , Mikami Tetuo , Saegusa Makoto , Nishiyama Kazutoshi , Mori Hideo , Mizuno Yoshikuni , Murayama Shigeo , Mochizuki Hideki 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe report neuropathologic findings in a patient with homozygous deletions of exons 2 to 4 of parkin.ResultsAlthough the absence of Lewy bodies has been considered a neuropathologic characteristic of parkin mutation, here we report a pathologic finding with the presence of Lewy bodies.MethodsThe patient was a 72‐year‐old woman with onset of the disease at age 61. Her autopsy revealed marked decrease in melanized neurons in the substantia nigra and the locus coeruleus. Lewy bodies were found in the substantia nigra, the locus coeruleus, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, the basal nucleus of Meynert, the amygdaloid nucleus, and the sympathetic nerve bundles in the myocardium.ConclusionsOnly 3 previous case reports described Lewy body formation in patients carrying parkin mutations. The distribution of Lewy bodies in our patient appeared to be reminiscent of sporadic Parkinson's disease. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Sustained relief of generalized dystonia despite prolonged interruption of deep brain stimulation
Authors: Cheung Tyler , Zhang Cen , Rudolph Joseph , Alterman Ron L. , Tagliati Michele 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundPallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for disabling, medication‐refractory generalized dystonia. Patients typically regress to their preoperative baseline when stimulation is discontinued.MethodsPresented are case reports of 2 dystonia patients.ResultsTwo patients with primary generalized dystonia (1 with the DYT1 mutation) who were treated successfully with bilateral pallidal DBS for periods of 18 months and 5 years retained motor benefit for several months after inadvertent interruption of stimulation. Stimulation was interrupted unilaterally for 3 and 7 months and bilaterally for 2 days and 2 months, respectively. Symptoms of dystonia returned only partially during the period of therapy interruption and rapidly and completely resolved after resuming stimulation.ConclusionsWe report unexpected and prolonged retention of motor benefits despite transient cessation of pallidal DBS in 2 dystonia patients. Factors that appear to differentiate these individuals are young age, short duration of disease, and chronic DBS therapy with relatively low energy of stimulation. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society