bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to take care of nurses in your organization: two types of exchange relationships compared
Authors: Veld Monique , Van De Voorde Karina 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimTo explore the relationships between climate for well‐being, economic and social exchange, affective ward commitment and job strain among nurses in the Netherlands.BackgroundThis study focuses on the immediate work environment of nurses by exploring the way nurse perceptions about the extent to which the ward values and cares for their welfare influence their levels of affective ward commitment and job strain. Second, this study extends previous research on exchange relationships by examining the potential differential impact of social and economic exchange relationships on commitment and job strain.DesignA cross‐sectional survey among nurses.MethodsThe study was conducted in the Netherlands in 2011. Validated measures of climate for well‐being, social exchange, economic exchange, ward commitment and job strain were used. Hypotheses were tested using regression analyses. MacKinnon et al.'s (2007) guidelines to assess mediation were used.ResultsThe response rate was 41% (271 questionnaires). The results show that climate for well‐being positively influences social exchange relationships, which are in turn associated with enhanced ward commitment and reduced strain. Climate for well‐being negatively influences evaluations of economic exchange, which are in turn negatively related to ward commitment.ConclusionThis study shows that nurses use the information available in their immediate work environment to evaluate their exchange relationship with the organization. Second, the findings point towards the importance of economic and social exchange relationships as a mechanism between climate for well‐being on the one hand and affective ward commitment and job strain on the other hand.
Attachment in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Preliminary Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Manchester Attachment Scale–Third Party Observational Measure
Authors: Penketh Victoria , Hare Dougal Julian , Flood Andrea , Walker Samantha 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundThe Manchester Attachment Scale–Third party observational measure (MAST) was developed to assess secure attachment style for adults with intellectual disabilities. The psychometric properties of theMASTwere examined.Materials and MethodsProfessional carers (N = 40) completed theMASTand measures related to the construct of attachment theory [Edward Zigler‐Yale Personality Questionnaire (EZPQ), Emotional Rating Scale (ERS) and the Learning Disability Casemix Scale (LDCS)] regarding individuals with an intellectual disability (N = 57). Individuals with an intellectual disability (N = 14) completed the Self‐report Assessment of Attachment Security (SRAAS).ResultsTheMASTwas found to have good internal consistency, test–retest reliability and convergent validity.MASTscores were negatively correlated with level of intellectual disability and challenging behaviour (CB) as measured byLDCS.ConclusionsSupport was provided for the reliability and validity of theMASTand a relationship between attachment security, level of intellectual disability andCB. The results of the study and implications of attachment theory for service provision are discussed.
Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy for adults with intellectual disabilities: an evaluation of the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety
Authors: Idusohan‐Moizer H. , Sawicka A. , Dendle J. , Albany M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundMindfulness‐based interventions have been shown to be effective in the treatment of a range of health and psychological disorders in adults and young people without intellectual disabilities (ID). Clinical studies are emerging reporting on the efficacy of mindfulness‐based interventions as a stand‐alone treatment for common clinical disorders in adults withID.MethodThis paper aims to evaluate the efficacy of an innovative structured mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) group programme adapted for adults withIDwith a diagnosis of either recurrent depression, anxiety or both clinical conditions and a history of deliberate self‐harm behaviour. Two groups ran consecutively consisting of a total of fifteen participants and seven carers. All participants were recorded as having either a borderline, mild, or moderateID. The group programme ran over a period of 9 weeks with a follow‐up session at 6 weeks post group intervention. Outcome measures included theHospitalAnxiety andDepressionScale and two sub‐scales from theSelf‐CompassionScale administered at baseline, post therapy and at 6‐week follow‐up.ResultsThe evaluation showed that participants reported an improvement in their experience of depression, anxiety, self‐compassion and compassion for others. The most significant impact was in the reduced levels of anxiety reported. Improvements across all outcomes were maintained at 6‐week follow‐up.ConclusionThe results of the evaluation suggest that people with intellectual disabilities benefit from a structuredMBCTgroup intervention and the results are maintained at 6‐week follow‐up.
Early achievements in cardiovascular care as reflected in theJournal ofInternalMedicine
Authors: Rydén L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis review mirrors progress in cardiovascular medicine as reflected by scientific contributions published in theJournal of Internal Medicine(from 1989),Acta Medica Scandinavica(from 1919 until 1989) andNordiskt Medicinskt Arkiv(before 1919). A total of 149 articles were identified within this field since the first, published work in this field 1877–1970. The latter year was set as and end for the review since this was the year the first contribution by the author of this review was published in the journal. To cope with the large number individual publications related to different aspects of cardiovascular medicine were grouped together into fields in which Scandinavian contributions were pioneering or for other reasons of particular interest. These articles were briefly summarized together with some information of the author(s) and the contributions were put into the perspective of subsequent importance and/or scientific and clinical development. Among topics with insightful contributions published in the journal are electrophysiology, diagnostic techniques including standardization, endurance exercise and the heart, electrocardiography, myocardial infarction, atrio‐ventricular block and cardiac pacing. Some of these early contributions were indeed, considering the methods available at the time for the investigations impressive and many predictions truly insightful and imaginative. Other contributions may, at least by the present day reader, seem somewhat odd.
Relationship between microRNA expression levels and histopathological features of dysplasia in oral leukoplakia
Authors: Brito João A. R. , Gomes Carolina C. , Guimarães André L. S. , Campos Kelma , Gomez Ricardo S. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundIncreased expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), miR‐21, miR‐345, and miR‐181b has been demonstrated in oral leukoplakia (OL) that progresses to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), suggesting a miRNA signature with potential prognostic value. On the basis of these findings, this pilot study aimed to investigate the cytological and histopathological features that are used to grade oral dysplasia and determine associations with the expression of these 3 potentially cancer‐related miRNAs. We also compared the expression levels of these miRNAs in OL with normal oral mucosa and OSCC.MethodsWe evaluated miRNA expression by qPCR in 22 samples of OL demonstrating different grades of dysplasia, as well as 17 cases of OSCC, and 6 samples of normal oral mucosa. We associated the miRNAs expression profiles with cytological and histopathological features of OL.ResultsOSCC cases showed increased expression of all 3 miRNAs when compared with OL and normal oral mucosa. Increased expression of miR‐21 was also observed in OL when compared with normal oral mucosa. We found a higher expression of miR‐21 and miR‐181b in OL that presented with an increased number of mitotic figures, increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, or hyperchromasia. Increased expression of miR‐21 was also detected in OL with abnormally superficial mitosis. Higher expression of miR‐345 was observed in OL with an increased number and size of nucleoli or increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the present study shows that some cytological and histopathological parameters used to grade dysplasia are associated with altered miRNA expression.
Multilevel Analysis of the Impact of School‐Level Tobacco Policies on Adolescent Smoking: The Case of Michigan
Authors: Paek Hye‐Jin , Hove Thomas , Oh Hyun Jung 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn efforts to curb and prevent youth smoking, school tobacco policies have become an important and effective strategy. This study explores the degrees and types of tobacco‐free school policy (TFSP) enforcement that are associated with adolescent smoking.METHODSA multilevel analysis was performed using 983 students who are nested in 14 schools. The individual‐level data are drawn from the 2009 Michigan Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The school‐level data are drawn from the 2008 School Health Profiles survey.RESULTSTwo factors are associated with lower adolescent smoking: greater punishment for TFSP violation and more tobacco control communication efforts. By contrast, the factors associated with higher adolescent smoking are designation of a tobacco‐free school zone and school‐level smoking.CONCLUSIONSThis study theoretically and methodologically guides researchers to test TFSP effectiveness in other states. Three strategic implications emerge: (1) schools should provide a consistent antismoking message in smoke‐free environments; (2) schools should integrate TFSP into a comprehensive tobacco control initiative, including community‐wide tobacco control programs and messages; and (3) the way a specific TFSP is promoted and communicated could determine how effective it is.
Behavioral Health Emergencies Managed by School Nurses Working With Adolescents
Authors: Ramos Mary M. , Greenberg Cynthia , Sapien Robert , Bauer‐Creegan Judith , Hine Beverly , Geary Cathy 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAs members of interdisciplinary teams, school nurses provide behavioral health services. Studies indicate that school nurses may lack sufficient continuing education in adolescent behavioral health and in the management of behavioral health emergencies, specifically. We conducted this study to describe the adolescent behavioral health emergencies managed by school nurses.METHODSWe used data from a New Mexico public school nurse workforce survey to describe the involvement of school nurses in managing adolescent behavioral health emergencies. We included all respondents who self‐identified as working in a secondary school (N = 186). We conducted descriptive analyses.RESULTSTwo thirds of survey respondents had provided emergency management in the prior school year for child abuse or neglect, depression, and violence at school. Over 40% had provided emergency management for a suicidal student in the prior school year. Although almost 80% of respondents identified “violence at school” as a very important continuing education topic, 40% reported having received continuing education on this topic in the prior 5 years.CONCLUSIONSIn New Mexico, public school nurses provide substantial amounts of emergency management for adolescent behavioral health problems. Continuing education received by school nurses on behavioral health emergencies may not be commensurate with their clinical responsibilities.
The Sound of Temperature: What Information do Pouring Sounds Convey Concerning the Temperature of a Beverage
Authors: Velasco Carlos , Jones Russ , King Scott , Spence Charles 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe report a series of three experiments designed to assess the extent to which people can infer the temperature of water on the basis of the sound that can be heard when it is poured from one vessel into another. Experiment 1 demonstrates that people can tell whether water is hot or cold solely on the basis of the sound that it makes when poured into a receptacle made from one of four different materials (glass, porcelain, paper and plastic). Experiment 2 reveals the existence of an implicit association between the pouring sounds and the notion of a particular temperature (hot or cold). Finally, experiment 3 demonstrates that the perception of temperature can be changed by artificially modifying the sonic properties of the sound that hot and cold water makes when poured into a receptacle. Potential applications for these results in terms of sensory marketing and modernist dining are discussed.Practical ApplicationsThe idea that temperature is a multisensory construct could be of particular interest to contexts such as food and drink perception, media (e.g., radio, television and digital environments), electronic drinks dispensers and household appliances, where the apparent temperature of a beverage could potentially be modified in order to create (or modify) particular consumption experiences.
Inequality in dental caries distribution at noncavitated and cavitated thresholds in preschool children
Authors: Piovesan Chaiana , Tomazoni Fernanda , Del Fabro Joana , Buzzati Bruna Cássia Schmidt , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira , Ardenghi Thiago Machado 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the inequality in dental caries distribution according to different thresholds assessed using theInternationalCariesDetection andAssessmentSystem (ICDAS) and to investigate the associations of socioeconomic factors with caries lesions at both noncavitated and cavitated thresholds.MethodsStudy subjects were recruited inSantaMaria,Brazil, during theNationalDay ofChildren'sVaccination, and 639 children aged 12–59 months were included. Fifteen calibrated examiners performed the examinations usingICDAScriteria. Inequality in dental caries distribution was measured using theGini coefficient, and theSignificantCariesIndex was calculated for several thresholds ofICDAS. Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the associations of socioeconomic factors with the highest caries scores.ResultsThe inequality in the distribution of dental caries was lower when precavitated caries were included; theGini coefficient decreased from 0.77 to 0.60 when noncavitated caries lesions were included in the analyses. Moreover, the inequalities were higher in the younger than in the older children for all thresholds. Socioeconomic factors were significantly (P < 0.001) associated with caries when anICDASscore of 3 was considered as the cut‐off point. Children whose mothers did not complete primary education (P < 0.001) and those with low household income (P < 0.001) were more likely to have increased dental caries.ConclusionCaries lesions were more equally distributed when noncavitated lesions were included in the dental survey. Socioeconomic factors are found to be associated with the inequalities in caries distribution in this age group.
Researching Policy and Practice to Safeguard People With Intellectual Disabilities from Abuse: Some Methodological Challenges
Authors: Northway Ruth , Jenkins Robert , Jones Victoria , Howarth Joyce , Hodges Zoe 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAbuse of adults with intellectual disabilities can and does occur in many places, and as a result, many countries have instituted policies and enacted laws to address this problem. However, research concerning the impact of such policies on abuse remains largely limited to quantitative studies from the perspective of governmental or other authorities and is generally focused on one area or country. Absent are the views and experiences of people with intellectual disabilities with respect to real or perceived abuse. Given the dearth of research involving primary consumers, there is limited knowledge as to the success or failure of such policies and laws. Though carrying out such research can pose methodological and ethical challenges, not undertaking it can also have ethical and social consequences. An international research agenda that includes participatory research that both facilitates the active involvement of and investment in people with intellectual disabilities and views action as an essential outcome is thus proposed. The authors propose such an agenda and posit that along with the collection and analysis of substantially more robust quantitative data, this should facilitate comparison within and between countries.
Reducing Vulnerability to Harm in Adults With Cognitive Disabilities in the Australian Criminal Justice System
Authors: Baldry Eileen , Clarence Melissa , Dowse Leanne , Trollor Julian 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPersons with cognitive disabilities such as intellectual disability, borderline intellectual disability, and acquired brain injury are overrepresented in Australian criminal justice systems both as victims and as offenders. Data obtained in Australia and internationally indicate that up to 12% of the prison population has an intelligence quotient (IQ) of less than 70, with up to 30% having an IQ of between 70 and 80, indicating substantially higher representation of intellectual disability and borderline intellectual disability than in the general population. Indigenous Australian adults in prison are significantly more likely to have intellectual disability than their non‐Indigenous counterparts. Points of intervention throughout individuals' trajectories into and through the criminal justice and human service system are investigated, allowing new ways of understanding how persons with intellectual and other cognitive disabilities are vulnerable to the harms of control‐and‐punishment systems. Using an innovative data‐linking and data‐merging method, the authors compiled longitudinal administrative data from all criminal justice and human service agencies in New South Wales, Australia, to create life‐course pathways for 2,731 persons who had served time in prison in New South Wales and whose mental health and cognitive disability diagnoses were available. Mapping service agency responses and institutional trajectories of these persons from an early age reveal a picture of early police contact and enmeshment in juvenile and adult corrections with high frequency, but often of low duration. Poor recognition of cognitive disability coupled with the presence of mental disorders and substance use disorders is associated with multiple and compounding social disadvantage and vulnerability to harm. This group is subject to multiple, simultaneous, and continuing human service agency interventions, which have only limited impact on their offending and (re)incarceration. Provision of appropriate support before, during, and after imprisonment is likely to reduce these individuals' vulnerability to harm and improve their experiences of community integration.
Assessing Understanding and Obtaining Consent From Adults With Intellectual Disabilities for a Health Promotion Study
Authors: Horner‐Johnson Willi , Bailey Danielle 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPeople with intellectual disabilities are often excluded from research, in part because they may be perceived as lacking capacity to provide informed consent. A requirement of informed decision making about research participation is ability to understand the study description and disclosures presented during the consent process. The authors' aims were to determine the extent to which study participants with intellectual disabilities were able to answer questions about key aspects of study disclosures, identify ways in which people who provided appropriate answers for all of the questions differed from those who had difficulty with one or more of the questions, and examine patterns of responses to see if certain issues were more difficult to understand than others. The authors piloted a short set of questions to assess the extent to which adults with intellectual disabilities were able to answer questions about key aspects of a health promotion study. More than half of study participants correctly answered all of the questions. For those not able to answer all questions, identifying potential risks of being in the study proved the most challenging. The findings indicate that many people with intellectual disabilities likely can provide their own consent to participate in low risk studies.
Keeping Safe and Providing Support: A Participatory Survey About Abuse and People With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Northway Ruth , Bennett Davey , Melsome Mel , Flood Samantha , Howarth Joyce , Jones Richard 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPeople with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of abuse, but their views regarding this have not been explored. The authors undertook a study in Wales to examine what help people with intellectual disabilities feel they need to keep safe and, if they are abused, what support they need. A questionnaire was distributed to 47 participants with intellectual disabilities attending a residential research event and as a postal survey across Wales. From this, 107 (56%) usable questionnaires were returned. Respondents identified most strategies for keeping safe as being useful but were more likely to identify personal strategies rather than actions other people could take. When abuse does occur, having a trusted person to speak to and one who will believe you were viewed as the most important aspects. The authors noted that people with intellectual disabilities can identify personal safety strategies and their views and experiences should inform personal safety courses and staff training. Furthermore, they recommend that effective circles of support need to be developed both to protect against abuse and to provide support should it occur.