bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcervical Artificial Insemination in Dogs and Cats: Review of the Technique and Practical Aspects
Authors: Romagnoli S , Lopate C 
Published: October 2014

ContentsThe technique of transcervical catheterization for artificial insemination has gained practical importance over the last 3 and 1 decades in bitches and queens, respectively. The vagina of both species has a thickening of the dorsal aspect called dorsal medial fold, which restricts the lumen of the paracervix, making catheterization of the cervix difficult both with manual and endoscopic techniques. Manual catheters have been used initially in the bitch and are now gradually being replaced by rigid endoscopy through the adaptation of human cystoscopes and ureteroscopes. Cystoscopes provide excellent imaging of the vagina, but cervical catheterization is more difficult due to the oblique 30° viewing angle of its telescope and may not be long enough to catheterize large size bitches. Ureteroscopes allow an acceptable view of the vaginal mucosa and offer advantages such as the possibility to catheterize the cervix of bitches of all body sizes, manipulate the cervical tubercle when the external cervical os is not visible, offer a better visualization of the cervix using the shunt (a large Foley catheter which allows insufflation and distention of the vagina). Feline cervical catheterization has been achieved with three different types of catheters; the last one, developed following careful anatomical studies of how the feline vaginal lumen changes during estrus, allows cervical catheterization thanks to digital manipulation of the cervix through the rectum.
Current Status of Freeze‐Drying Technology to Preserve Domestic Animals Sperm
Authors: Gil L , Olaciregui M , Luño V , Malo C , González N , Martínez F 
Published: October 2014

ContentsIn recent years, there has been an increased interest in new preservation techniques that facilitate sperm storage and distribution, with freeze‐drying (FD) having been proposed as an alternative method for sperm preservation and maintenance of genetic resources in different animal species. FD is a method in which frozen material is dried by sublimation of ice, thereby involving a direct transition from a solid (ice) to a vapour (gas) phase. One of the main advantages of FD is that nitrogen and dry ice are no longer required for the storage and shipment of frozen sperm, which can be stored at room temperature or 4°C, thereby resulting in enormous reductions in storage and shipping costs. Unlike sperm cryopreserved after gradual freezing, the sperm membrane may be further damaged by both snap‐freezing and drying stresses during the FD procedure. As mammalian spermatozoa lose their motility, viability and, at least partially, their DNA integrity when freeze‐dried, they must be microinjected into an oocyte by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Although the efficiency of ICSI is limited when freeze‐dried spermatozoa are used, embryos and live offspring can be produced. DNA fragmentation in freeze‐dried spermatozoa is one of the main causes of failure of embryonic development and successful pregnancy. In this regard, it has been suggested that endonucleases are among the leading causes of DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa along with oxidative stress caused by the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many factors influence the FD process, and it is not clear how FD affects specific components of sperm from different animal species. As such, a sound understanding of the FD process would result in increased production of embryos and/or live offspring. The aim of this review was to study the various stages and techniques used in the FD process and to further evaluate the results obtained.
Understanding Sperm Heterogeneity: Biological and Practical Implications
Authors: Ramón M , Jiménez‐Rabadán P , García‐Álvarez O , Maroto‐Morales A , Soler AJ , Fernández‐Santos MR , Pérez‐Guzmán MD , Garde JJ 
Published: October 2014

ContentsSperm are the most diverse cell type known. This diversity is thought to reflect adaptation to conditions under which sperm function as a way to ensure the survival of sperm in fertilization environments and to maximize fertilizing capacity thereof. The existence of morphological diversity among species is widely assumed, although this diversity seems less clear as we go deeper (between males, between ejaculates from the same male and even within the same ejaculate), with different theories addressing this heterogeneity. Moreover, the development of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) has led to changes in the physiological conditions in which sperm fertilize, which could lead, ultimately, to a selection towards more favourable sperm design. Regardless of the origin of this diversity, when studying the relationship between shape and function of sperm, it is advisable to assess the degree of heterogeneity of sperm and takes into account to be more likely to identify those morphological characteristics determining the fertile ability of sperm. Otherwise, these relationships could be hidden as a result of considering an average shape not representative of morphological characteristics of sperm. In addition, the knowledge of this morphological diversity in terms of changes arising from modifications in the sperm environment and mechanisms that generate these changes could be useful for understanding the reproductive capacity of males but also in enhancing their fertile ability.
High‐resolution reconstruction of a coastal barrier system: impact of Holocene sea‐level change
Authors: Fruergaard Mikkel , Andersen Thorbjørn J. , Nielsen Lars H. , Johannessen Peter N. , Aagaard Troels , Pejrup Morten 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study presents a detailed reconstruction of the sedimentary effects of Holocene sea‐level rise on a modern coastal barrier system. Increasing concern over the evolution of coastal barrier systems due to future accelerated rates of sea‐level rise calls for a better understanding of coastal barrier response to sea‐level changes. The complex evolution and sequence stratigraphic framework of the investigated coastal barrier system is reconstructed using facies analysis, high‐resolution optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon dating. During the formation of the coastal barrier system starting 8 to 7 ka rapid relative sea‐level rise outpaced sediment accumulation. Not before rates of relative sea‐level rise had decreased to ca 2 mm yr−1 did sediment accumulation outpace sea‐level rise. From ca 5·5 ka, rates of regionally averaged sediment accumulation increased to 4·3 mm yr−1 and the back‐barrier basin was filled in. This increase in sediment accumulation resulted from retreat of the barrier island and probably also due to formation of a tidal inlet close to the study area. Continued transgression and shoreface retreat created a distinct hiatus and wave ravinement surface in the seaward part of the coastal barrier system before the barrier shoreline stabilized between 5·0 ka and 4·5 ka. Back‐barrier shoreline erosion due to sediment starvation in the back‐barrier basin was pronounced from 4·5 to 2·5 ka but, in the last 2·5 kyr, barrier sedimentation has kept up with and outpaced sea‐level. In the last 0·4 kyr the coastal barrier system has been prograding episodically. Sediment accumulation shows considerable variation, with periods of rapid sediment deposition and periods of non‐deposition or erosion resulting in a highly punctuated sediment record. The study demonstrates how core‐based facies interpretations supported by a high‐resolution chronology and a well‐documented sea‐level history allow identification of depositional environments, erosion surfaces and hiatuses within a very homogeneous stratigraphy, and allow a detailed temporal reconstruction of a coastal barrier system in relation to sea‐level rise and sediment supply.
Modifying fatty acid profiles through a new cytokinin‐based plastid transformation system
Authors: Dunne Aisling , Maple‐Grødem Jodi , Gargano Daniela , Haslam Richard P. , Napier Johnathan A. , Chua Nam‐Hai , Russell Rosalind , Møller Simon Geir 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe widespread use of herbicides and antibiotics for selection of transgenic plants has not been very successful with regard to commercialization and public acceptance. Hence, alternative selection systems are required. In this study, we describe the use of ipt, the bacterial gene encoding the enzyme isopentenyl transferase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, as a positive selectable marker for plastid transformation. A comparison between the traditional spectinomycin‐based aadA selection system and the ipt selection system demonstrated that selection of transplastomic plants on medium lacking cytokinin was as effective as selection on medium containing spectinomycin. Proof of principle was demonstrated by transformation of the kasIII gene encoding 3‐ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase III into tobacco plastids. Transplastomic tobacco plants were readily obtained using the ipt selection system, and were phenotypically normal despite over‐expression of isopentenyl transferase. Over‐expression of KASIII resulted in a significant increase in 16:0 fatty acid levels, and a significant decrease in the levels of 18:0 and 18:1 fatty acids. Our study demonstrates use of a novel positive plastid transformation system that may be used for selection of transplastomic plants without affecting the expression of transgenes within the integrated vector cassette or the resulting activity of the encoded protein. This system has the potential to be applied to monocots, which are typically not amenable to traditional antibiotic‐based selection systems, and may be used in combination with a negative selectable marker as part of a two‐step selection system to obtain homoplasmic plant lines.
The polycomb group gene EMF2B is essential for maintenance of floral meristem determinacy in rice
Authors: Conrad Liza J. , Khanday Imtiyaz , Johnson Cameron , Guiderdoni Emmanuel , An Gynheung , Vijayraghavan Usha , Sundaresan Venkatesan 
Published: October 2014

SummaryPolycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) represses the transcriptional activity of target genes through trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3. The functions of plant PRC2 have been chiefly described in Arabidopsis, but specific functions in other plant species, especially cereals, are still largely unknown. Here we characterize mutants in the rice EMF2B gene, an ortholog of the Arabidopsis EMBRYONIC FLOWER2 (EMF2) gene. Loss of EMF2B in rice results in complete sterility, and mutant flowers have severe floral organ defects and indeterminacy that resemble loss‐of‐function mutants in E‐function floral organ specification genes. Transcriptome analysis identified the E‐function genes OsMADS1, OsMADS6 and OsMADS34 as differentially expressed in the emf2b mutant compared with wild type. OsMADS1 and OsMADS6, known to be required for meristem determinacy in rice, have reduced expression in the emf2b mutant, whereas OsMADS34 which interacts genetically with OsMADS1 was ectopically expressed. Chromatin immunoprecipitation for H3K27me3 followed by quantitative (q)RT‐PCR showed that all three genes are presumptive targets of PRC2 in the meristem. Therefore, in rice, and possibly other cereals, PRC2 appears to play a major role in floral meristem determinacy through modulation of the expression of E‐function genes.
Concept for Function Block Enabled Process Planning Towards Multi-Site Cloud Collaboration
Authors: Helgoson Martin , Wang Lihui , Karlsson Robin , Givehchi Mohammad , Tedeborg Mikael 
Published: October 2014

In global enterprises an essential challenge is how to enable efficient sharing of knowledge, capacity, and resources in order to meet demands on speed, flexibility and adaptability.
This paper highlights challenges and aspects regarding framework and technical platform for process planning that enable global multi-site collaboration. To get an industrial perspective, this topic is discussed in the context of Sandvik Coromant’s globally distributed application centers. Further on, function block technology as enabling technology to achieve flexible and adaptable process planning as a part of the framework is presented and discussed together with results from the on-going research work.
Representation and Exchange of Digital Catalogues of Cutting Tools
Authors: Li Yujiang , Huang Qiuling , Hedlind Mikael , Sivard Gunilla , Lundgren Magnus , Kjellberg Torsten 
Published: October 2014

Information management for manufacturing resources such as cutting tools is an important research topic in the context of cloud manufacturing. Vendors and customers usually use catalogues to communicate information for such manufacturing resource. Incompatibilities of information in syntax, semantics, and structure among supply chains often result in inefficient manual sharing and management of the catalogue information. It is difficult for cloud based applications to pool information from various sources. This communication failure calls for a system neutral solution for data modeling and exchange to enhance interoperability of the cutting tool catalogue information. Previous studies has present solutions for representation of the cutting tool information with STEP AP242 (ISO/DIS 10303-242) with semantic classification referring to a PLib (ISO 13584, Part Library) based dictionary. This approach can be extended for the catalogue modeling, due to functionalities for specification and configuration control of general product variants in the same standard.
With a modeling approach with standardized information schemas, system architecture to guide implementation is proposed to enhance the communication in practice. Relative elements to represent vendors’ catalogues and customers’ requirements are modeled. Associations to the PLib-based dictionary complete semantics and enable information mapping between vendors and customers. Principles of the mapping are identified to facilitate implementation of related software systems. Prototypes are developed to verify the proposed system architecture. The proposed solution is promising to migrate to other types of products than cutting tools, because the data models are based on the general product models defined in AP242.
Genetic Instability of Influenza pH1N1 Viruses
Authors: Jalovaara Petri , Bychkov Dmitrii , Ahtiainen Laura , Kallio-Kokko Hannimari , Valkonen Miia , Kantele Anu , Mattila Pirkko , Almusa Henrikki , Kallioniemi Olli , Kainov Denis 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
Here, we report full-length genome sequences of influenza pH1N1 viruses obtained prior to and after propagation in MDCK cells. Paired comparisons of the genomes showed that each strain acquired 1.0 to 18.8 mutations per genome per replication cycle, which corresponds to 0.5 to 5.8 mutations per virus proteome per replication cycle. Our analysis indicates that pH1N1 viruses accumulated adaptive mutations among others in response to propagation in cell culture. These results could be important for vaccine and drug-sensitivity surveillance studies, as well as for vaccine and antiviral drug development programs where cell cultures are used for influenza propagation.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi Strain DAPP-PG 722, Isolated in Italy from an Olive Plant Affected by Knot Disease
Authors: Moretti Chiaraluce , Cortese Chiara , Passos da Silva Daniel , Venturi Vittorio , Ramos Cayo , Firrao Giuseppe , Buonaurio Roberto 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Olive knot disease, caused by the bacterium
Pseudomonas savastanoi
pv. savastanoi, seriously affects olive trees in the Mediterranean basin. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
P. savastanoi
pv. savastanoi DAPP-PG 722, a strain isolated in Italy from an olive plant affected by knot disease.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Deep-Sea Bacterium, Bacillus niacini Strain JAM F8, Involved in the Degradation of Glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Kurata Atsushi , Nishimura Midori , Kishimoto Noriaki , Kobayashi Tohru 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Bacillus niacini
JAM F8, which was newly isolated from deep-sea sediment at a depth of 2,759 m from the Izu-Ogasawara Trench. An array of genes related to degradation of glycosaminoglycans in this bacterium was identified by whole-genome analysis.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Pathogenic Fungus Scedosporium apiospermum
Authors: Vandeputte Patrick , Ghamrawi Sarah , Rechenmann Mathias , Iltis Agnès , Giraud Sandrine , Fleury Maxime , Thornton Christopher , Delhaès Laurence , Meyer Wieland , Papon Nicolas , Bouchara Jean-Philippe 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

The first genome of one species of the
Scedosporium apiospermum
complex, responsible for localized to severe disseminated infections according to the immune status of the host, will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenicity of these fungi and also to the discovery of the mechanisms underlying their low susceptibility to current antifungals.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis Strain D7XPN1, Isolated from Commercial Bioreactor-Degrading Food Waste
Authors: Adelskov Joseph , Patel Bharat K. C. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

The analysis of the 4.1-Mb draft genome sequence of a moderately thermophilic, heterotrophic, and facultatively anaerobic bacterium,
Bacillus subtilis
strain D7XPN1, identified genes for a range of enzymes with potential in the biodegradation of food waste, a property consistent with the ecological habitat of the isolate.
Complete Genome Sequences of H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus with the Matrix Gene from the Pandemic A/H1N1 Virus
Authors: Hong Minki , Na Woonsung , Yeom Minju , Park Nanuri , Moon Hyoungjoon , Kang Bo-Kyu , Kim Jeong-Ki , Song Daesub 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
We analyzed the complete genome sequence containing the 3′ and 5′ noncoding regions (NCRs) of H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) with the matrix gene from the pandemic A/H1N1 virus, which will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis, transmission, and evolution of variant CIV.
BET Protein Inhibitor JQ1 Attenuates Myc-Amplified MCC Tumor Growth In Vivo
Authors: Shao Qiang , Kannan Aarthi , Lin Zhenyu , Stack Brendan C. , Suen James Y. , Gao Ling 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor of the skin currently with no cure. In this study, we have first demonstrated that c-Myc overexpression is common in MCC. By targeting c-Myc, bromodomain inhibitors have demonstrated antitumor efficacy in several preclinical human cancer models. Thus, we interrogated the role of c-Myc inhibition in MCC with c-Myc amplification by using the BET inhibitor JQ1. We have uncovered that c-Myc can be regulated by JQ1 in MCC cells with pathologic c-Myc activation. Moreover, JQ1 potently abrogates c-Myc expression in MCC cells and causes marked G1 cell-cycle arrest. Mechanistically, JQ1-induced cell-cycle arrest coincides with downregulation of cyclin D1 and upregulation of p21, p27, and p57, whereas JQ1 exerts no effect on apoptosis in MCC cells. Further knockdown of p21, p27, or p57 by shRNA partially protects cells from JQ1-induced cell-cycle arrest. In addition, c-Myc knockdown by shRNA generates significant cell-cycle arrest, suggesting that c-Myc overexpression plays a role in MCC pathogenesis. Most importantly, JQ1 significantly attenuates tumor growth in xenograft MCC mouse models. Our results provide initial evidence, indicating the potential clinical utility of BET protein inhibitors in the treatment of MCC with pathologic activation of c-Myc. Cancer Res; 74(23); 7090–102. ©2014 AACR.
Challenges and Opportunities in International Molecular Cancer Prevention Research: An ASPO Molecular Epidemiology and the Environment and International Cancer Prevention Interest Groups Report
Authors: Epplein Meira , Bostick Roberd M. , Mu Lina , Ogino Shuji , Braithwaite Dejana , Kanetsky Peter A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer estimates that over half of the new cancer cases and almost two-thirds of the cancer deaths in 2012 occurred in low and middle income countries. To discuss the challenges and opportunities to reducing the burden of cancer worldwide, the Molecular Epidemiology and the Environment and the International Issues in Cancer Special Interest Groups joined forces to hold a session during the 38th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Preventive Oncology (March 2014, Arlington, Virginia). The session highlighted three topics of particular interest to molecular cancer prevention researchers working internationally, specifically: 1) biomarkers in cancer research; 2) environmental exposures and cancer; and 3) molecular pathological epidemiology. A major factor for successful collaboration illuminated during the discussion was the need for strong, committed, and reliable international partners. A key element of establishing such relationships is to thoroughly involve individual international collaborators in the development of the research question; engaged international collaborators are particularly motivated to champion and shepherd the project through all necessary steps, including issues relating to institutional review boards, political sensitivity, laboratory-based assays, and tumor subtyping. Also essential is allotting time for the building, maintaining, and investing in such relationships so that successful international collaborations may take root and bloom. While there are many challenges inherent to international molecular cancer research, the opportunities for furthering the science and prevention of cancer worldwide are great, particularly at this time of increasing cancer incidence and prevalence in low and middle income countries. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2613–7. ©2014 AACR.
Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in the Era of Histology Codes: Results of a Population-Based Study
Authors: Ma Grace L. , Murphy James D. , Martinez Maria E. , Sicklick Jason K. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
To date, all population-based epidemiologic data on gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in the United States predate the 2001 implementation of GIST-specific histology coding. As such, results from previous studies were limited because of inclusion of non-GIST abdominal or gastrointestinal sarcomas. We used a national cancer registry with modern day histologic codes to gain greater insight into the true epidemiology of GIST in the United States. We identified 6,142 patients diagnosed with GIST between 2001 and 2011 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Incidence, survival, demographic risk factors, and prognostic factors were analyzed. Annual age-adjusted incidence rose from 0.55/100,000 in 2001 to 0.78/100,000 in 2011 and increased with age, peaking among 70- to 79-year-olds (3.06/100,000). GIST was also more common in males than females [rate ratio (RR), 1.35], non-Hispanics than Hispanics (RR, 1.23), and blacks (RR, 2.07) or Asians/Pacific Islanders (RR, 1.50) than whites. The study period had 5-year overall and GIST-specific survival rates of 65% and 79%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rates for those with localized, regional, and metastatic disease at diagnosis were 77%, 64%, and 41%, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that older age at diagnosis, male sex, black race, and advanced stage at diagnosis were independent risk factors for worse overall survival. Multivariate analysis also showed the four aforementioned characteristics, along with earlier year of diagnosis, to be independent risk factors for worse GIST-specific survival. As the first population-based, epidemiologic study of histologically confirmed disease, our findings provide a robust representation of GIST in the era of immunohistochemical diagnoses. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 298–302. ©2014 AACR.