bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-situ monitoring of the small changes in process parameters with multi-sensor fusion during LPBF
Authors: Cao Longchao , Guo Wentao , He Binyan , Li Weihong , Huang Xufeng , Zhang Yahui , Cai Wang , Zhou Qi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The small changes in process parameters have significant influences on the stability of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Therefore, monitoring the small changes in process parameters is particularly important. This paper proposed a machine learning (ML)-based multi-sensor fusion approach to monitor the LPBF processing state by combining photodiode, acoustic, and visual signals. In order to extract the motion features of the melt pool more accurately and describe its transient changes, an ellipse adjustment algorithm is proposed to segment the melt pool images, eliminating the interference of spatters. The motion features combined with preprocessed acoustic signals and photodiode signals to identify melting states during small changes in process parameters. The proposed ML-based multi-sensor fusion approach achieves impressive prediction accuracies of 99.9% for identifying the fluctuations in the process parameters. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately identify small changes in process parameters, which is of great significance for improving the process stability and providing reliable guidance in subsequent work.
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on PE-DCM and ViT
Authors: Hui Yongyong , Xu Ke , Chen Peng , Zhao Xiaoqiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Considering the issue of capturing the local and global contextual information and enhancing the parallel capability of bearing fault diagnosis in variable load and noise environments, a fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on PE-DCM and Vision Transformer (ViT) is proposed. Firstly, the one-dimensional vibration signal is converted into a two-dimensional time-frequency diagram by continuous wavelet transform in the data processing module, and the model can understand the characteristics of the vibration signal more comprehensively. Secondly, a pyramid exponential expansion convolution module is established to extract the local features of fault information. Then, the global features of the fault information are learned through the ViT network, and the adaptive multi-attention is used to dynamically adjust the attention weights according to the features of the input data so as to inhibit noise or unimportant information. Finally, the experimental verification is carried out by using Case Western Reserve University and self-made MFS-bearing data set. The experimental results show that the method can better reflect the powerful image classification ability of the ViT network and has better noise resistance and generalization compared with other fault diagnosis methods.
Efficient photoanode with a MoS2/TiO2/Au nanoparticle heterostructure for ultraviolet-visible photoelectrocatalysis
Authors: Mai The-Hung , Do Huy-Binh , Pham Long Duy , Phan Thien Xuan , Chen Wei-Zhi , Lan Liang-Wei , Lin Hung-Ju , Nguyen Van-Hung , Dong Chung-Li , Kumar Alagarsamy S K , El-Mahdy Ahmed F M , Lee Hyeonseok , Dang Dinh Khoi , Vo Dai-Viet N , Tu Li-Wei , Kuo Chien-Cheng , Yang Hung-Duen , Pham Phuong V 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Green energy technology is generally becoming one of hot issues that need to be solved due to the adverse effects on the environment of fossil fuels. One of the strategies being studied and developed by theorists and experimentalists is the use of photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, which are emerging as a candidate to produce hydrogen from water splitting. However, creating photoelectrodes that meet the requirements for PEC water splitting has emerged as the primary obstacle in bringing this technology to commercial fruition. Here, we construct a heterostructure, which consists of MoS2/TiO2/Au nanoparticles (NPs) to overcome the drawbacks of the photoanode. Owing to the dependence on charge transfer, the bandgap of MoS2/TiO2 and the utilization the Au NPs as a stimulant for charges separation of TiO2 by localized surface plasmon resonances effect as well as the increase of hot electron injection to cathode, leading to photocatalytic activities are improved. The results have recorded a significant increase in the photocurrent density from 2.3

μ

A

c

m

−
2

of TiO2 to approximately 16.3

μ

A

c

m

−
2

of MoS2/TiO2/Au NPs. This work unveils a promising route to enhance the visible light adsorption and charge transfer in photo-electrode of the PEC cells by combining two-dimensional materials with metal NPs.
Clinical applicability of Linac-integrated CBCT based NIPAM 3D dosimetry: a dual-institutional investigation
Authors: Kunkyab Tenzin , Lakrad Kawtar , Jirasek Andrew , Oldham Mark , Quinn Benjamin , Hyde Derek , Adamson Justus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. To develop and benchmark a novel 3D dose verification technique consisting of polymer gel dosimetry (PGD) with cone-beam-CT (CBCT) readout through a two-institution study. The technique has potential for wide and robust applicability through reliance on CBCT readout. Approach. Three treatment plans (3-field, TG119-C-shape spine, 4-target SRS) were created by two independent institutions (Institutions A and B). A Varian Truebeam linear accelerator was used to deliver the plans to NIPAM polymer gel dosimeters produced at both institutions using an identical approach. For readout, a slow CBCT scan mode was used to acquire pre- and post-irradiation images of the gel (1 mm slice thickness). Independent gel analysis tools were used to process the PGD images (A: VistaAce software, B: in-house MATLAB code). Comparing planned and measured doses, the analysis involved a combination of 1D line profiles, 2D contour plots, and 3D global gamma maps (criteria ranging between 2%1 mm and 5%2 mm, with a 10% dose threshold). Main results. For all gamma criteria tested, the 3D gamma pass rates were all above 90% for 3-field and 88% for the SRS plan. For the C-shape spine plan, we benchmarked our 2% 2 mm result against previously published work using film analysis (93.4%). For 2%2 mm, 99.4% (Institution A data), and 89.7% (Institution B data) were obtained based on VistaAce software analysis, 83.7% (Institution A data), and 82.9% (Institution B data) based on MATLAB. Significance. The benchmark data demonstrate that when two institutions follow the same rigorous procedures gamma passing rates up to 99%, for 2%2 mm criteria can be achieved for substantively different treatment plans. The use of different software and calibration techniques may have contributed to the variation in the 3D gamma results. By sharing the data across institutions, we observe the gamma passing rate is more consistent within each pipeline, indicating the need for standardized analysis methods.
Functional nanotransducer-mediated wireless neural modulation techniques
Authors: Li Galong , Li Dongyan , Lan Bin , Chen Yihuan , Zhang Wenli , Li Baojuan , Liu Yang , Fan Haiming , Lu Hongbin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Functional nanomaterials have emerged as versatile nanotransducers for wireless neural modulation because of their minimal invasion and high spatiotemporal resolution. The nanotransducers can convert external excitation sources (e.g. NIR light, x-rays, and magnetic fields) to visible light (or local heat) to activate optogenetic opsins and thermosensitive ion channels for neuromodulation. The present review provides insights into the fundamentals of the mostly used functional nanomaterials in wireless neuromodulation including upconversion nanoparticles, nanoscintillators, and magnetic nanoparticles. We further discussed the recent developments in design strategies of functional nanomaterials with enhanced energy conversion performance that have greatly expanded the field of neuromodulation. We summarized the applications of functional nanomaterials-mediated wireless neuromodulation techniques, including exciting/silencing neurons, modulating brain activity, controlling motor behaviors, and regulating peripheral organ function in mice. Finally, we discussed some key considerations in functional nanotransducer-mediated wireless neuromodulation along with the current challenges and future directions.
Head and neck tumor segmentation from [18F]F-FDG PET/CT images based on 3D diffusion model
Authors: Dong Yafei , Gong Kuang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Head and neck (H&N) cancers are among the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide, and [18F]F-FDG PET/CT is widely used for H&N cancer management. Recently, the diffusion model has demonstrated remarkable performance in various image-generation tasks. In this work, we proposed a 3D diffusion model to accurately perform H&N tumor segmentation from 3D PET and CT volumes. Approach. The 3D diffusion model was developed considering the 3D nature of PET and CT images acquired. During the reverse process, the model utilized a 3D UNet structure and took the concatenation of 3D PET, CT, and Gaussian noise volumes as the network input to generate the tumor mask. Experiments based on the HECKTOR challenge dataset were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed diffusion model. Several state-of-the-art techniques based on U-Net and Transformer structures were adopted as the reference methods. Benefits of employing both PET and CT as the network input, as well as further extending the diffusion model from 2D to 3D, were investigated based on various quantitative metrics and qualitative results. Main results. Results showed that the proposed 3D diffusion model could generate more accurate segmentation results compared with other methods (mean Dice of 0.739 compared to less than 0.726 for other methods). Compared to the diffusion model in 2D form, the proposed 3D model yielded superior results (mean Dice of 0.739 compared to 0.669). Our experiments also highlighted the advantage of utilizing dual-modality PET and CT data over only single-modality data for H&N tumor segmentation (with mean Dice less than 0.570). Significance. This work demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed 3D diffusion model in generating more accurate H&N tumor segmentation masks compared to the other reference methods.
Hysteresis in radio frequency capacitively coupled CF4 plasmas
Authors: Wang Xiao-Kun , Korolov Ihor , Wilczek Sebastian , Masheyeva Ranna , Liu Yong-Xin , Song Yuan-Hong , Hartmann Peter , Donkó Zoltán , Schulze Julian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Based on experiments and simulations, various plasma parameters are found to undergo a hysteresis as a function of the driving voltage amplitude in capacitively coupled CF4 discharges. Phase Resolved Optical Emission Spectroscopy reveals that the discharge operates in a hybrid combination of the drift-ambipolar and α-mode at low voltage. In this mode, the electric field and mean electron energy are high in the electronegative plasma bulk region. As the cross section for electron attachment is appreciable only at high electron energies, this mode results in strong negative ion production and keeps the electron density low as well as the mode of plasma operation stable, when the voltage is increased moderately. Increasing the driving voltage amplitude further ultimately induces a mode transition into a pure α-mode, once the electron density increases strongly. Decreasing the voltage again results in a reverse mode transition at a lower voltage compared to the previous mode transition, because the electron density is now initially high in the bulk and, thus, the bulk electric field and mean electron energy are low resulting in inefficient generation of negative ions via electron attachment. This keeps the electron density high even at lower driving voltages. This effect leads to the emergence of two steady states of plasma operation within a certain voltage range. The different electron energy distribution functions in these two states result in markedly different generation and density profiles of F atoms, with higher values occurring in the increasing voltage branch of the hysteresis. The ion flux and mean energy at the electrodes also differ. The voltage range, where the hysteresis occurs, is affected by the ion induced secondary electron coefficient (γ). A larger value of γ results in a shift of the hysteresis voltage range towards lower values.
Homotopy, symmetry, and non-Hermitian band topology
Authors: Yang Kang , Li Zhi , König J Lukas K , Rødland Lukas , Stålhammar Marcus , Bergholtz Emil J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Non-Hermitian matrices are ubiquitous in the description of nature ranging from classical dissipative systems, including optical, electrical, and mechanical metamaterials, to scattering of waves and open quantum many-body systems. Seminal line-gap and point-gap classifications of non-Hermitian systems using K-theory have deepened the understanding of many physical phenomena. However, ample systems remain beyond this description; reference points and lines do not in general distinguish whether multiple non-Hermitian bands exhibit intriguing exceptional points, spectral braids and crossings. To address this we consider two different notions: non-Hermitian band gaps and separation gaps that crucially encompass a broad class of multi-band scenarios, enabling the description of generic band structures with symmetries. With these concepts, we provide a unified and comprehensive classification of both gapped and nodal systems in the presence of physically relevant parity-time (

PT

) and pseudo-Hermitian symmetries using homotopy theory. This uncovers new stable topology stemming from both eigenvalues and wave functions, and remarkably also implies distinct fragile topological phases. In particular, we reveal different Abelian and non-Abelian phases in

PT

-symmetric systems, described by frame and braid topology. The corresponding invariants are robust to symmetry-preserving perturbations that do not induce (exceptional) degeneracy, and they also predict the deformation rules of nodal phases. We further demonstrate that spontaneous

PT

symmetry breaking is captured by Chern–Euler and Chern–Stiefel–Whitney descriptions, a fingerprint of unprecedented non-Hermitian topology previously overlooked. These results open the door for theoretical and experimental exploration of a rich variety of novel topological phenomena in a wide range of physical platforms.
Optimal multiple-phase estimation with multi-mode NOON states against photon loss
Authors: Namkung Min , Kim Dong-Hyun , Hong Seongjin , Kim Yong-Su , Lee Changhyoup , Lim Hyang-Tag 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Multi-mode NOON states can quantum-enhance multiple-phase estimation in the absence of photon loss. However, a multi-mode NOON state is known to be vulnerable to photon loss, and its quantum-enhancement can be dissipated by lossy environment. In this work, we demonstrate that a quantum advantage in estimate precision can still be achieved in the presence of photon loss. This is accomplished by optimizing the weights of the multi-mode NOON states according to photon loss rates in the multiple modes, including the reference mode which defines the other phases. For practical relevance, we also show that photon-number counting via a multi-mode beam-splitter achieves the useful, albeit sub-optimal, quantum advantage. We expect this work to provide valuable guidance for developing quantum-enhanced multiple-phase estimation techniques in lossy environments.
Quantum-enhanced joint estimation of phase and phase diffusion
Authors: Jayakumar Jayanth , Mycroft Monika E , Barbieri Marco , Stobińska Magdalena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accurate phase estimation in the presence of unknown phase diffusive noise is a crucial yet challenging task in noisy quantum metrology. This problem is particularly interesting due to the detrimental impact of the associated noise. Here, we investigate the joint estimation of phase and phase diffusion using generalized Holland–Burnett states, known for their experimental accessibility. These states provide performance close to the optimal state in single-parameter phase estimation, even in the presence of photon losses. We adopt a twofold approach by analyzing the joint information extraction through the double homodyne measurement and the joint information availability across all probe states. Through our analysis, we find that the highest sensitivities are obtained by using states created by directing all input photons into one port of a balanced beam splitter. Furthermore, we infer that good levels of sensitivity persist even in the presence of moderate photon losses, illustrating the remarkable resilience of our probe states under lossy conditions.
Electromagnetically induced transparency with magnetically induced

Δ
F
=
0
,

m
F

=
0
→

m
F

=
0

probe transition
Authors: Sargsyan Armen , Sarkisyan David , Papoyan Aram 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Interest in magnetically induced (MI) transitions of alkali metal atoms is caused by the fact that their intensities can exceed the intensities of ‘regular’ atomic transitions in a wide magnetic field range (200–4000 G). The goal of this work was to form and study, for the first time, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in a strong magnetic field using probe radiation tuned to

|

F

g

=
F
,

m
F

=
0
⟩
→

|

F

e

=
F
,

m
F

=
0
⟩

MI transition, which is forbidden in zero magnetic fields. Two narrow-band linearly polarized cw diode lasers were used to form EIT resonance on a Λ-type system of a Cs atomic D2 line in a strong transverse magnetic field (up to 1000 G). The resonance was formed in a Cs atomic vapor nanocell with an atomic vapor column thickness of 850 nm.
Measurements of laser-plasma instabilities in double-cone ignition experiments relevant to the direct-drive conditions at Shenguang-II Upgrade laser facility
Authors: Zhao X. , Yuan X.H. , Dong Y.F. , Glize K. , Zhang Y.H. , Zheng J. , Xing C.Q. , Gu H.C. , Zhang C.L. , Dai Y. , Fang K. , Zhang Z. , Yan R. , Wu F.Y. , Zhang J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Experiments have been performed to investigate laser-plasma instabilities (LPIs) relevant to the direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) conditions at the Shenguang-II Upgrade (SG-II UP) laser facility during the double-cone ignition (DCI) experimental campaigns, with the overlapped laser intensity ranging from

6
×

10

14

W

c

m

−
2

to

1.8
×

10

15

W

c

m

−
2

. An overall LPI scenario has been built from the collection and investigation of angularly distributed scattered light. Across broad ranges of laser and plasma parameters, relevant to the direct-drive ICF conditions, the dominance of the stimulated Raman side scattering (SRSS) was confirmed, and its coexistence with the two-plasmon decay (TPD) was also observed. Significant SRSS scattered light was observed across an extremely wide range of emission angles, concentrated at large angles, and demonstrated to be robust throughout the parameter space. Time-resolved spectral measurements show distinctly different SRSS behaviors along different angles and a slightly higher threshold compared to the TPD. The overall SRSS energy loss was measured, indicating a scattered light energy fraction of up to 6%. These results are of crucial importance for the precise assessment of the LPIs in the DCI as well as other laser directly driven ICF schemes.
Exact solutions to macroscopic fluctuation theory through classical integrable systems
Authors: Mallick Kirone , Moriya Hiroki , Sasamoto Tomohiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We give a short overview of recent developments in exact solutions for macroscopic fluctuation theory by using connections to classical integrable systems. A calculation of the cumulant generating function for a tagged particle is also given, agreeing with a previous result obtained from a microscopic analysis.
Integrated modeling of crowd groups based on spatial distribution of members
Authors: Yu Bin , Ou Dongxiu , Ye Jianhong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
An integrated framework supporting both leader-follower and leaderless groups is proposed. The concept of subgroup is supported so that chains of groups can exist. This allows to model complicated group relationships in crowd simulations. To model group related dynamics, rules are proposed. A detailed explanation of implementation of these rules is given. To validate the proposed framework, two sets of numerical experiments are conducted, using experimental data collected by previous researchers. In one set of experiments, small leader-follower groups without subgroups are considered. In the other set, groups are leaderless and can be small or large with zero or more subgroups. The impact of crowd groups on fundamental diagrams is also experimented. The conducted experiments indicate that the proposed framework can reproduce results that are quite comparable to practical values, thus the framework’s efficacy is validated within a certain range.
Design of high protection liquid cooled BMS system for high voltage energy storage system
Authors: Chen Man , Shen Lingbin , Peng Peng , Wan Minhui , Li Shanpeng , Wang Wenjie , Tan Qipeng , Li Yongqi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the characteristics of large capacity and high energy density energy storage equipment on the market, a liquid cooled battery management system suitable for high voltage energy storage systems was designed. The overall protection level of the system is IP65. The cooling method adopts liquid cooling heat dissipation, which is common with the overall energy storage system. Compared with traditional air cooling heat dissipation, it has the advantages of high cooling efficiency, low noise and fast cooling speed.
Transient voltage performance and protection design of variable frequency ac three-stage generator for more electric aircraft
Authors: Cheng Fangshun , Chu Wenting , Li Shangsong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, variable frequency AC generation system is widely used on more electric aircraft because of their advantages of simple structure, high power density, and high reliability. However, a variable frequency system has a wide range of operating speeds and frequencies, and its exciter field is designed to be highly saturated at low speed. Under the condition of a saturated exciter field at high speed, the generator can produce a very high voltage, which will cause damage to aircraft utilization equipment, leading to catastrophic failures. Therefore, to protect the safety of the aircraft, transient voltage regulation performance and voltage protection design are critical in the system design of variable frequency AC generation. This paper focuses on the design of voltage regulation and protection of variable frequency electrical power systems that can meet airworthiness requirements.
Study on laser welding technology of ultra-deep drawing steel DC06 for automobile
Authors: Li Qin , Lai Chun-Ming , Huang Yan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The forming, microstructure, and mechanical properties of laser-welded joints of DC06 steel sheets with 0.7 mm thickness were studied. The results show that the microstructure of the weld is ferrite and a little pearlite under different welding conditions. The weld surface formation is better with the increase in welding speed and laser output frequency. With the increase in welding speed, the ferrite grain size of the weld decreases, and the elongation and work hardening index increase.