bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐saturated sulfide assemblages in NWA 2737: Evidence for impact‐related sulfur devolatilization in Martian meteorites
Authors: LORAND Jean‐Pierre , BARRAT Jean‐Alix , CHEVRIER Vincent , SAUTTER Violaine , PONT Sylvain 
Published: November 2012

Abstract–NWA 2737, a Martian meteorite from the Chassignite subclass, contains minute amounts (0.010 ± 0.005 vol%) of metal‐saturated Fe‐Ni sulfides. These latter bear evidence of the strong shock effects documented by abundant Fe nanoparticles and planar defects in Northwest Africa (NWA) 2737 olivine. A Ni‐poor troilite (Fe/S = 1.0 ± 0.01), sometimes Cr‐bearing (up to 1 wt%), coexists with micrometer‐sized taenite/tetrataenite‐type native Ni‐Fe alloys (Ni/Fe = 1) and Fe‐Os‐Ir‐(Ru) alloys a few hundreds of nanometers across. The troilite has exsolved flame‐like pentlandite (Fe/Fe + Ni = 0.5–0.6). Chalcopyrite is almost lacking, and no pyrite has been found. As a hot desert find, NWA 2737 shows astonishingly fresh sulfides. The composition of troilite coexisting with Ni‐Fe alloys is completely at odds with Chassigny and Nahkla sulfides (pyrite + metal‐deficient monoclinic‐type pyrrhotite). It indicates strongly reducing crystallization conditions (close to IW), several log units below thefO2conditions inferred from chromites compositions and accepted for Chassignites (FMQ‐1 log unit). It is proposed that reduction in sulfides into base and precious metal alloys is operated via sulfur degassing, which is supported by the highly resorbed and denticulated shape of sulfide blebs and their spongy textures. Shock‐related S degassing may be responsible for considerable damages in magmatic sulfide structures and sulfide assemblages, with concomitant loss of magnetic properties as documented in some other Martian meteorites.
Mapping phenotypic, expression and transmission ratio distortion QTL using RAD markers in the Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)
Authors: Gagnaire Pierre‐Alexandre , Normandeau Eric , Pavey Scott A. , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe evolution of reproductive isolation in an ecological context may involve multiple facets of species divergence on which divergent selection may operate. These include variation in quantitative phenotypic traits, regulation of gene expression, and differential transmission of particular allelic combinations. Thus, an integrative approach to the speciation process involves identifying the genetic basis of these traits, in order to understand how they are affected by divergent selection in nature and how they ultimately contribute to reproductive isolation. In the Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), dwarf and normal species pairs sympatrically occur in several North American postglacial lakes. The limnetic dwarf whitefish distinguishes from its normal benthic relative by numerous life history, behavioural, morphological and gene expression traits, in relation with the exploitation of distinct ecological niches. Here, we have applied the RAD‐Sequencing method to a hybrid backcross family to reconstruct a high‐density genetic linkage map and perform QTL mapping in the Lake Whitefish. The 3061 cM map encompassed 3438 segregating RAD markers distributed over 40 linkage groups, for an average resolution of 0.89 cM. We mapped phenotypic and expression QTL underlying ecologically important traits as well as transmission ratio distortion QTL, and identified genomic regions harbouring clusters of such QTL. A narrow genomic region strongly associated with sex determination was also evidenced. Positional and functional information revealed in this study will be useful in ongoing population genomic studies to illuminate our understanding of the genomic architecture of reproductive isolation between whitefish species pairs.
Foucault, the subject and the research interview: a critique of methods
Authors: Fadyl Joanna K , Nicholls David A 
Published: November 2012

FADYL JK and NICHOLLS DA. Nursing Inquiry 2013; 20: 23–29  Foucault, the subject and the research interview: a critique of methodsResearch interviews are a widely used method in qualitative health research and have been adapted to suit a range of methodologies. Just as it is valuable that new approaches are explored, it is also important to continue to examine their appropriate use. In this article, we question the suitability of research interviews for ‘history of the present’ studies informed by the work of Michel Foucault – a form of qualitative research that is being increasingly employed in the analysis of healthcare systems and processes. We argue that several aspects of research interviewing produce philosophical and methodological complications that can interfere with achieving the aims of the analysis in this type of study. The article comprises an introduction to these tensions and examination of them in relation to key aspects of a Foucauldian philosophical position, and discussion of where this might position researchers when it comes to designing a study.
Experimental support of the stress‐gradient hypothesis in herbivore–herbivore interactions
Authors: Dangles Olivier , Herrera Mario , Anthelme Fabien 
Published: November 2012

Summary

The stress‐gradient hypothesis (SGH) postulates an increase in the frequency of positive species interactions at increasing amounts of stress. While the SGH has been extensively tested in plant–plant interactions along abiotic stresses, it remains unclear whether this hypothesis could apply to higher trophic levels, such as herbivores, along biotic stress gradients.

To address this issue, we investigated how the interaction between two potato herbivores may change along a stress gradient created by an assortment of potato varieties with different tuber palatability. We used a tuber resistance trait as a measure for biotic stress and one herbivore as the facilitator to gain access to the tuber of the other herbivore.

Our experiment revealed a switch from neutral to positive interactions with increasing stress, confirming for the first time the predictions of the SGH for herbivores. Moreover, the intensity of facilitation decreased at high stress levels, suggesting that benefits by the facilitating species were dampened in the most stressful environment.

In view of the ubiquitous role played by positive interactions among herbivores, broadening our search image for facilitative effects among other plant enemies will allow a better awareness of the importance of the SGH in structuring plant communities.
The Older Patient With End‐Stage Renal Disease: Is Chronic Dialysis The Best Option?
Authors: Steinman Theodore I. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe mean age of the ESRD population continues to increase, with the 2011 USRDS Annual Data report noting it to be 62.6 years among a prevalent chronic dialysis population (both hemo‐ and peritoneal dialyses) of approximately 399,000. As with previous reports, the greatest growth rate per million population in the ESRD cohort occurs in age range >75 years. Entering the ESRD pool >75 years of age are about 5,000 patients/million population; in contrast, the number is about 2,100/million population that falls in the age range 45–65 years. Baseline comorbid conditions, especially complications associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), accelerate with duration of ESRD, and compound the already high morbidity and mortality. With aging comes progressive vascular disease, making it more likely that the elderly will have a central venous catheter (CVC) access, rather than a fistula, for starting and continuing dialysis, hence, increased hospitalization and death rates associated with access clotting and infection (sepsis). The scenario in the elderly patient on dialysis is often a poor quality of life with repeated hospitalizations and eventual nursing home placement. For those patients who survive such a disabled state leads to the question whether chronic dialysis therapy is the best option. Our goal as committed nephrologists is to deliver compassionate, quality care. In the sick, older patient let us rethink what is the best option as they enter ESRD.
Predialyis Nephrology Care of Older Individuals Approaching End‐Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Tamura Manula Kurella 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMany older patients with advanced CKD approaching ESRD do not receive timely nephrology care, although data suggest that the situation may be improving. In 2005–2008, 43% of older patients who initiated renal replacement therapy had experienced an outpatient nephrologist consultation more than 1 year before starting treatment. Earlier consultation with a nephrologist has been found to provide better access to peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation, better preparation for the chosen dialytic modality, and improved survival after start of dialysis or receipt of a kidney transplant. Recent data suggest that older individuals are less likely to receive treatment for ESRD compared with younger individuals in whom almost all receive dialysis treatment or transplantation. Little is known about the role nephrologists play in the decision whether to initiate dialysis or choose a conservative route among older adults with ESRD. Defining the appropriate role and involvement of nephrologists in the decision about initiating renal replacement therapy in older adults seems ripe for further investigation and discussion.
Severe hyponatremia caused by syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone developed as initial manifestation of human herpesvirus‐6–associated acute limbic encephalitis after unrelated bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Kawaguchi T. , Takeuchi M. , Kawajiri C. , Abe D. , Nagao Y. , Yamazaki A. , Sugita Y. , Tsukamoto S. , Sakai S. , Takeda Y. , Ohwada C. , Sakaida E. , Shimizu N. , Yokote K. , Iseki T. , Nakaseko C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSevere hyponatremia is a critical electrolyte abnormality in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) recipients and >50% of cases of severe hyponatremia are caused by the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Here, we present a patient with rapidly progressive severe hyponatremia as an initial sign and symptom of human herpesvirus‐6–associated post‐transplantation acute limbic encephalitis (HHV‐6 PALE) after allo‐SCT. A 45‐year‐old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukemia received unrelated bone marrow transplantation from a one locus‐mismatched donor at the DR locus. On day 21, she developed a generalized seizure and loss of consciousness with severe hyponatremia, elevated serum antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and decreased serum osmolality. A high titer of HHV‐6 DNA was detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment with foscarnet sodium and hypertonic saline was started with improvement of neurological condition within several days. Although an elevated serum ADH, low serum osmolality, and high urinary osmolality persisted for 2 months, she had no other recurrent symptoms of encephalitis. Our experience suggests that hyponatremia accompanied by SIADH should be recognized as a prodromal or concomitant manifestation of HHV‐6 PALE, and close monitoring of serum sodium levels in high‐risk patients for HHV‐6 PALE is necessary for immediate diagnosis and treatment initiation.
Epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Neofytos D. , Kobayashi K. , Alonso C.D. , Cady‐Reh J. , Lepley D. , Harris M. , Desai N. , Kraus E. , Subramanian A. , Treadway S. , Ostrander D. , Thompson C. , Marr K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to describe the epidemiology and risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) among kidney transplant recipients (KTR) between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2010.MethodsA single‐institution retrospective study was conducted among all adult KTR with CDI, defined as a positive test for C. difficile by a cell cytotoxic assay for C. difficile toxin A or B or polymerase chain reaction test for toxigenic C. difficile.ResultsAmong 603 kidney transplants performed between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2010, 37 (6.1%) patients developed CDI: 12 (of 128; 9.4%) high‐risk (blood group incompatible and/or anti‐human leukocyte antigen donor‐specific antibodies) vs. 25 (of 475; 5.3%, P = 0.08) standard‐risk patients. The overall rate of CDI increased from 3.7% in 2008 to 9.4% in 2010 (P = 0.05). The median time to CDI diagnosis was 9 days, with 27 (73.0%) patients developing CDI within the first 30 days after their transplant, and 14 (51.8%) developing CDI within 7 days. A case–control analysis of 37 CDI cases and 74 matched controls demonstrated the following predictors for CDI among KTR: vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus colonization before transplant (odds ratio [OR]: 3.6, P = 0.03), receipt of an organ from Centers for Disease Control high‐risk donor (OR: 5.9, P = 0.006), and administration of high‐risk antibiotics within 30 days post transplant (OR: 6.6, P = 0.001).ConclusionsCDI remains a common early complication in KTR, with rates steadily increasing during the study period. Host and transplant‐related factors and exposure to antibiotics appeared to significantly impact the risk for CDI among KTR.
Incipient stem cell niche conversion in tissue culture: using a systems approach to probe early events in WUSCHEL‐dependent conversion of lateral root primordia into shoot meristems
Authors: Chatfield Steven P. , Capron Resmi , Severino Andre , Penttila Pier‐Andree , Alfred Simon , Nahal Hardeep , Provart Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryAdventitious shoot organogenesis contributes to the fitness of diverse plant species, and control of this process is a vital step in plant transformation and in vitro propagation. New shoot meristems (SMs) can be induced by the conversion of lateral root primorida/meristems (LRP/LRMs) or callus expressing markers for this identity. To study this important and fascinating process we developed a high‐throughput methodology for the synchronous initiation of LRP by auxin, and subsequent cytokinin‐induced conversion of these LRP to SMs. Cytokinin treatment induces the expression of the shoot meristematic gene WUSCHEL (WUS) in converting LRP (cLRP) within 24–30 h, and WUS is required for LRP → SM conversion. Subsequently, a transcriptional reporter for CLAVATA3 (CLV3) appeared 32–48 h after transfer to cytokinin, marking presumptive shoot stem cells at the apex of cLRP. Thus the spatial expression of these two components (WUS and CLV3) of a regulatory network maintaining SM stem cells already resembles that seen in a vegetative shoot apical meristem (SAM), suggesting the very rapid initiation and establishment of the new SMs. Our high‐throughput methodology enabled us to successfully apply a systems approach to the study of plant regeneration. Herein we characterize transcriptional reporter expression and global gene expression changes during LRP → SM conversion, elaborate the role of WUS and WUS‐responsive genes in the conversion process, identify and test putative functional targets, perform a comparative analysis of domain‐specific expression in cLRP and SM tissue, and develop a bioinformatic tool for examining gene expression in diverse regeneration systems.
Water phytoremediation of cadmium and copper using Azolla filiculoides Lam. in a hydroponic system
Authors: Valderrama Aly , Tapia Jaime , Peñailillo Patricio , Carvajal Danny E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the utility of Azolla filiculoides growing in a hydroponic system for the phytoremediation of continental water polluted with cadmium and copper during 7 days of exposure. Cadmium and copper chloride were added to the medium at concentrations of 0.5–10 mg/L and 0.1–25 mg/L, respectively. Cadmium and copper levels were measured in each plant using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The analytical methodology used to measure cadmium and copper levels was validated with standard reference material (SRM) – 1570 (spinach) National Institute of Standards and Technology. The results indicated that cadmium and copper phytoremediation was statistically significant with a maximum increase in plant tissue of 1623.20 and 6013.1 μg/g, respectively. This photosynthetic efficiency was chronically damaged when Azolla filiculoides were exposed to 10 mg/L of Cd and 25 mg/L of Cu. The Azolla plants were not affected in the other phytoremediation treatments with copper.
Performance Characteristics of Current-Generation Immulite 2000 TORCH Assays
Authors: Centonze A. R. , Tonolli E. , Fontana R. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

The performances of seven Immulite 2000 (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics) TORCH (
Toxoplasma gondii
, other microorganisms, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus) assays were evaluated in comparison with the performances of the ETI-MAX 3000 (DiaSorin) TORCH assays. The two systems demonstrated good agreement, and given their sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value, they can be used with confidence for TORCH prenatal screening.
Occurrence of Norovirus Infections in Asymptomatic Food Handlers in South Korea
Authors: Jeong Ah Yong , Jeong Hye Sook , Lee Jeong Su , Park Yong Chjun , Lee Soon Ho , Hwang In Gyun , Kim Yun Joo , Kim Young Joo , Jo Mi Young , Jung Sunyoung , Kim Kisang , Cheon Doo-Sung 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
Prevalence of asymptomatic norovirus infection was investigated in food handlers in South Korea. Among 6,441 subjects, 66 (1.02%) had norovirus infections confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (real time and nested). GII-12 and GII-4 were the prevalent genotypes. Our data suggest that infection of asymptomatic food handlers is an important transmission source in norovirus outbreaks.
Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Bordetella pertussis Isolates Circulating in Europe from 1998 to 2009
Authors: Advani Abdolreza , Hallander Hans O. , Dalby Tine , Krogfelt Karen Angeliki , Guiso Nicole , Njamkepo Elisabeth , von Könnig Carl Heinz Wirsing , Riffelmann Marion , Mooi Frits R. , Sandven Per , Lutyńska Anna , Fry Norman K. , Mertsola Jussi , He Qiushui 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Between 1998 and 2009,
Bordetella pertussis
clinical isolates were collected during three periods, i.e., 1998 to 2001 (
n
= 102), 2004 to 2005 (
n
= 154), and 2007 to 2009 (
n
= 140), from nine countries with distinct vaccination programs, i.e., Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis was performed according to standardized recommendations for epidemiological typing of
B. pertussis
. There were 81 different PFGE profiles, five of which (BpSR3, BpSR5, BpSR10, BpSR11, and BpSR12) were observed in 61% of the 396 isolates and shown to be predominant in almost all countries. The major profile, BpSR11, showed a decreasing trend from 25% to 30% in 1998 to 2005 to 13% in 2007 to 2009, and there were increases in BpSR3 and BpSR10 from 0% and 8% to 21% and 22%, respectively. One difference between these profiles is that BpSR11 contains isolates harboring the
fim3-2
allele and BpSR3 and BpSR10 contain isolates harboring the
fim3-1
allele. The total proportion of the five predominant profiles increased from 44% in 1998 to 2001 to 63% in 2004 to 2005 to 70% in 2007 to 2009. In conclusion, common PFGE profiles were identified in
B. pertussis
populations circulating in European countries with different vaccination programs and different vaccine coverages. These prevalent isolates contain the novel pertussis toxin promoter
ptxP3
allele. However, there is evidence for diversifying selection between
ptxP3
strains characterized by distinct PFGE profiles. This work shows that, even within a relatively short time span of 10 years, successful isolates which spread through Europe and cause large shifts in
B. pertussis
populations may emerge.
Interlaboratory and Interstudy Reproducibility of a Novel Lateral-Flow Device and Influence of Antifungal Therapy on Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Wiederhold Nathan P. , Najvar Laura K. , Bocanegra Rosie , Kirkpatrick William R. , Patterson Thomas F. , Thornton Christopher R. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Interest in lateral-flow devices (LFDs) as potential point-of-care assays for the diagnosis of infectious diseases has increased. Our objective was to evaluate the interlaboratory and interstudy reproducibility and the effects of antifungal therapy on an LFD developed for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) detection. An established neutropenic guinea pig model of IPA caused by
Aspergillus fumigatus
was used. At predetermined time points (1 h and 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation), blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were collected from infected and uninfected animals. In a separate experiment, guinea pigs were treated with posaconazole (10 mg/kg of body weight orally [p.o.] twice a day [BID]), voriconazole (10 mg/kg p.o. BID), liposomal amphotericin B (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.] once a day [QD]), or caspofungin (2 mg/kg i.p. QD), and samples were collected on days 7 and 11. Each laboratory independently evaluated the IgG monoclonal antibody-based LFD. Galactomannan and (1→3)-β-
d
-glucan were also measured using commercially available kits. Good interlaboratory agreement was observed with the LFD, as the results for 97% (32/33) of the serum and 78.8% (26/33) of the BAL fluid samples from infected animals were in agreement. Good interstudy agreement was also observed. The serum sensitivity of each surrogate-marker assay was reduced in animals treated with antifungals. In contrast, these markers remained elevated within the BAL fluids of treated animals, which was consistent with the fungal burden and histopathology results. These results demonstrate that the LFD assay is reproducible between different laboratories and studies. However, the sensitivity of this assay and other markers of IPA may be reduced with serum in the presence of antifungal therapy.
Rapid Whole-Genome Sequencing for Investigation of a Suspected Tuberculosis Outbreak
Authors: Török M. Estée , Reuter Sandra , Bryant Josephine , Köser Claudio U. , Stinchcombe Sian V. , Nazareth Bernadette , Ellington Matthew J. , Bentley Stephen D. , Smith Geoffrey P. , Parkhill Julian , Peacock Sharon J. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Two Southeast Asian students attending the same school in the United Kingdom presented with pulmonary tuberculosis. An epidemiological investigation failed to link the two cases, and drug resistance profiles of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
isolates were discrepant. Whole-genome sequencing of the isolates found them to be genetically identical, suggesting a missed transmission event.