bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal fluid-based spatial statistics: towards quantitative analysis of cerebrospinal fluid pseudodiffusivity
Authors: Chen Yutong , Hong Hui , Nazeri Arash , Markus Hugh S. , Luo Xiao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation is essential in removing metabolic wastes from the brain and is an integral component of the glymphatic system. Abnormal CSF circulation is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Low b-value magnetic resonance imaging quantifies the variance of CSF motion, or pseudodiffusivity. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between the spatial patterns of CSF pseudodiffusivity and cognition.

Methods
We introduced a novel technique, CSF-based spatial statistics (CBSS), to automatically quantify CSF pseudodiffusivity in each sulcus, cistern and ventricle. Using cortical regions as landmarks, we segmented each CSF region. We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 93 participants with varying degrees of cognitive impairment.

Results
We identified two groups of CSF regions whose pseudodiffusivity profiles were correlated with each other: one group displaying higher pseudodiffusivity and near large arteries and the other group displaying lower pseudodiffusivity and away from the large arteries. The pseudodiffusivity in the third ventricle positively correlated with short-term memory (standardized slope of linear regression = 0.38, adjusted p < 0.001) and long-term memory (slope = 0.37, adjusted p = 0.005). Fine mapping along the ventricles revealed that the pseudodiffusivity in the region closest to the start of the third ventricle demonstrated the highest correlation with cognitive performance.

Conclusions
CBSS enabled quantitative spatial analysis of CSF pseudodiffusivity and suggested the third ventricle pseudodiffusivity as a potential biomarker of cognitive impairment.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of aripiprazole oral solution in children and adolescents with Tourette’s disorder
Authors: He Fan , Luo Jie , Huang Yi , Hao Yunpeng , Sun Ling , Ke Xiaoyan , Wu Bin , Chen Yucai , Han Ying , Zhang Yuebing , Liu Jing , Han Hong , Xian Mingji , Uki Motomichi , Zheng Yi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Aripiprazole is the most frequently recommended antipsychotic for the treatment of tics in children and adolescents with Tourette’s disorder (TD). However, to date, a randomized controlled trial for aripiprazole oral solution has not been conducted despite being widely preferred by children. Therefore, we examined whether aripiprazole oral solution is effective for treating tics.

Methods
All patients received a flexible dose of aripiprazole oral solution (1 mg/mL, range: 2–20 mg) with a starting dose of 2 mg. The target dose for patients weighing < 50 kg was 2, 5, and 10 mg/day, and that for patients weighing ≥ 50 kg was 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/day. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change in the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale-total tic score (YGTSS-TTS) from baseline to week 8.

Results
Of the 121 patients enrolled, 59 patients (96.7%) in the aripiprazole group and 53 patients (88.3%) in the placebo group completed the study. The aripiprazole group showed significantly greater improvement in the YGTSS-TTS from baseline to week 8 than the placebo group (least squares mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] −5.5 [95% CI − 8.4 to − 2.6]). At week 8, the response rate (i.e., percentage of patients with a Tourette’s Syndrome Clinical Global Impression-Improvement score of 1 or 2) of the aripiprazole group (86.4%) was significantly higher than that of the placebo group (56.6%; odds ratio: 3.6, p < 0.001). The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) reported in at least one patient was 86.9% in the aripiprazole group and 65.5% in the placebo group. All TEAEs were mild or moderate in severity. No serious adverse events or deaths occurred during the study.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that aripiprazole oral solution is an effective, well-tolerated, and safe treatment for children and adolescents with TD.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03487783. Registered 4 April 2018.
Effect of ambrisentan in patients with systemic sclerosis and mild pulmonary arterial hypertension: long-term follow-up data from EDITA study
Authors: Xanthouli Panagiota , Uesbeck Paul , Lorenz Hanns-Martin , Blank Norbert , Eichstaedt Christina A. , Harutyunova Satenik , Egenlauf Benjamin , Coghlan Jerry G. , Denton Christopher P. , Grünig Ekkehard , Benjamin Nicola 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
In the EDITA trial, patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and mild pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) treated with ambrisentan had a significant decline of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) but not of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) vs. placebo after six months. The EDITA-ON study aimed to assess long-term effects of open label therapy with ambrisentan vs. no pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) therapy.

Methods
Patients who participated in the EDITA study and received regular follow-up were included in EDITA-ON. Clinical, echocardiographic, laboratory, exercise and hemodynamic parameters during follow-up were analysed. The primary endpoint was to assess whether continued treatment with ambrisentan vs. no treatment prevented the development of PAH according to the new definition.

Results
Of 38 SSc patients included in the EDITA study four were lost to follow-up. Of the 34 remaining patients (age 55 ± 11 years, 82.1% female subjects), 19 received ambrisentan after termination of the blinded phase, 15 received no PAH medication. The mean follow-up time was 2.59 ± 1.47 years, during which 29 patients underwent right heart catheterization. There was a significant improvement of mPAP in catheterised patients receiving ambrisentan vs. no PAH treatment (-1.53 ± 2.53 vs. 1.91 ± 2.98 mmHg, p = 0.003). In patients without PAH treatment 6/12 patients had PAH vs. 1/17 of patients receiving ambrisentan (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
In SSc patients with early PVD, the development of PAH and/or deterioration was less frequent among patients receiving ambrisentan, indicating that early treatment and close follow-up could be beneficial in this high-risk group. Future trials in this field are needed to confirm these results.
First report of a successful surgical management of left atrial myxoma coexisting with pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and thymic cyst
Authors: Li Yichen , Tang Mi , Wu Qin , Yang Jinfu , Chen Wangping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Primary cardiac tumors, while rare, present significant clinical challenges due to their diverse pathology and presentation. Lung cancer frequently metastasizes to the heart; however, cases involving primary cardiac tumors of different origins alongside primary lung cancer are exceedingly rare in the literature.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 53-year-old female who presented with hemoptysis and was subsequently diagnosed with a left atrial myxoma, pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma, and a thymic cyst. This coexistence of multiple non-homologous tumors in a single patient is exceedingly rare.

Conclusion
This case underscores the complexity of diagnosing and managing patients with multiple distinct tumors. The simultaneous occurrence of a primary cardiac myxoma, pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma, and thymic cyst is unprecedented, providing valuable insights for future clinical practice.
Parent version of the Eating Disorder Examination: Reliability and validity in a treatment-seeking sample
Authors: Hail Lisa , Drury Catherine R. , McGrath Robert E. , Murray Stuart B. , Hughes Elizabeth K. , Sawyer Susan M. , Le Grange Daniel , Loeb Katharine L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Assessment of eating disorders (ED) in youth relies heavily on self-report, yet persistent lack of recognition of the presence and/or seriousness of symptoms can be intrinsic to ED. This study examines the psychometric properties of a semi-structured interview, the parent version of the Eating Disorder Examination (PEDE), developed to systematically assess caregiver report of symptoms.

Methods
A multi-site, clinical sample of youth (N = 522; age range: 12 to 18 years) seeking treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) and subsyndromal AN were assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) for youth and the PEDE for collateral caregiver report.

Results
Internal consistencies of the four PEDE subscales were on par with established ranges for the EDE. Significant medium-sized correlations and poor to moderate levels of agreement were found between the corresponding subscales on each measure. For the PEDE, confirmatory factor analysis of the EDE four-factor model provided a poor fit; an exploratory factor analysis indicated that a 3-factor model better fits the PEDE.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that the PEDE has psychometric properties on par with the original EDE. The addition of the caregiver perspective may provide incremental information that can aid in the assessment of AN in youth. Future research is warranted to establish psychometric properties of the PEDE in broader transdiagnostic ED samples.
Gender role attitudes and fertility intentions: the mediating role of parental sacrifice and the moderating role of subjective well-being
Authors: Zhang Jiamiao , Chen Gongxing , Hu Yingying , Gao Yuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGender role attitudes have been shown to play a critical role in individuals’ fertility intentions. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The present study examined whether parental sacrifice mediates the relationship between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions, and whether subjective well-being plays a moderating role. A sample of 446 Chinese adults aged 18 to 45 (Mage = 32.78, SDage = 5.63, 60.93% female) completed the Gender Role Attitude Scale, Parental Sacrifice Scale, Index of Well-Being, and Fertility Attitude Scale. Multiple regression analyses showed that traditional gender role attitudes positively predicted fertility intentions, while egalitarian gender role attitudes negatively predicted fertility intentions. Moreover, parental sacrifice was found to partially mediate the relationship between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions. Additionally, subjective well-being was identified as a moderator of the mediating effect of parental sacrifice. Specifically, for individuals with low subjective well-being, parental sacrifice played a partially mediating role. However, for individuals with high subjective well-being, the mediating effect of parental sacrifice was not significant, and gender role attitudes directly influenced fertility intentions. This study adds to our understanding of the connection between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions of adults, providing important information for policymakers and professionals aiming to promote fertility intentions.
A second chance for first impressions: evidence for altered impression updating in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Konegen Kevin , Halbeisen Georg , Paslakis Georgios 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) frequently alter between idealizing and devaluing other persons, which has been linked to an increased tendency to update self-relevant beliefs and impressions. We hypothesized that increased impression updating could stem from reduced attitude contextualization, i.e., a process in which impression-disconfirming information is linked to contextual cues.

Methods
Individuals diagnosed with BPD and controls (recruited online, with unknown diagnostic status) completed an impression formation paradigm. They first learned about the positive or negative behaviors of others in one Context A (e.g., Person 1 is helpful), followed by learning about behaviors of the opposite valence in a second Context B (Person 1 is rude). We also manipulated between participants whether the observed behaviors were directed toward the study participants (self-relevant) or, more generally, at other people (other-relevant). The contexts were marked by differently-colored backgrounds (e.g., yellow vs. blue), to avoid influences of prior knowledge or experiences. After exposure to information in both contexts, participants rated their impressions of the persons in Context A, Context B, and, crucially, a previously unknown Context C (white background). We examined whether the initial or an updated impression (re-)emerged in Context C.

Results
Initial impressions remained stable and dominated the ratings of controls across contexts A, B, and C for both self-relevant and other-relevant behaviors, consistent with contextualizing impression-disconfirming information. As expected, however, individuals with BPD only showed updated impression ratings in Context C for self-relevant behaviors, consistent with the assumed reduced tendency to contextualize impression-disconfirming self-relevant information. Further exploratory analyses suggest that more severe BPD symptoms predicted more pronounced impression updating in the self-relevant condition.

Conclusions
The findings help to illuminate the mechanisms underlying interpersonal problems in individuals with BPD. People with BPD are not just more inclined to discard positive first impressions but to re-evaluate disliked others when they behave positively, contributing to the volatility of interactions with others. Contextualization has known and modifiable antecedents, and the study may thus provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Future studies will need to replicate the findings with specified controls.
Co-immobilization of amine dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase for the biosynthesis of (S)-2-aminobutan-1-ol in continuous flow
Authors: Xie Pengcheng , Lan Jin , Zhou Jingshuan , Hu Zhun , Cui Jiandong , Qu Ge , Yuan Bo , Sun Zhoutong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReductive amination by amine dehydrogenases is a green and sustainable process that produces only water as the by-product. In this study, a continuous flow process was designed utilizing a packed bed reactor filled with co-immobilized amine dehydrogenase wh84 and glucose dehydrogenase for the highly efficient biocatalytic synthesis of chiral amino alcohols. The immobilized amine dehydrogenase wh84 exhibited better thermo-, pH and solvent stability with high activity recovery. (S)-2-aminobutan-1-ol was produced in up to 99% conversion and 99% ee in the continuous flow processes, and the space-time yields were up to 124.5 g L-1 d-1. The continuous reactions were also extended to 48 h affording up to 91.8% average conversions. This study showcased the important potential to sustainable production of chiral amino alcohols in continuous flow processes.
Deformation-based morphometry: a sensitive imaging approach to detect radiation-induced brain injury?
Authors: Brunaud Carole , Valable Samuel , Ropars Gwenn , Dwiri Fatima-Azzahra , Naveau Mikaël , Toutain Jérôme , Bernaudin Myriam , Freret Thomas , Léger Marianne , Touzani Omar , Pérès Elodie A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Radiotherapy is a major therapeutic approach in patients with brain tumors. However, it leads to cognitive impairments. To improve the management of radiation-induced brain sequalae, deformation-based morphometry (DBM) could be relevant. Here, we analyzed the significance of DBM using Jacobian determinants (JD) obtained by non-linear registration of MRI images to detect local vulnerability of healthy cerebral tissue in an animal model of brain irradiation.

Methods
Rats were exposed to fractionated whole-brain irradiation (WBI, 30 Gy). A multiparametric MRI (anatomical, diffusion and vascular) study was conducted longitudinally from 1 month up to 6 months after WBI. From the registration of MRI images, macroscopic changes were analyzed by DBM and microscopic changes at the cellular and vascular levels were evaluated by quantification of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and diffusion metrics including mean diffusivity (MD). Voxel-wise comparisons were performed on the entire brain and in specific brain areas identified by DBM. Immunohistology analyses were undertaken to visualize the vessels and astrocytes.

Results
DBM analysis evidenced time-course of local macrostructural changes; some of which were transient and some were long lasting after WBI. DBM revealed two vulnerable brain areas, namely the corpus callosum and the cortex. DBM changes were spatially associated to microstructural alterations as revealed by both diffusion metrics and CBV changes, and confirmed by immunohistology analyses. Finally, matrix correlations demonstrated correlations between JD/MD in the early phase after WBI and JD/CBV in the late phase both in the corpus callosum and the cortex.

Conclusions
Brain irradiation induces local macrostructural changes detected by DBM which could be relevant to identify brain structures prone to radiation-induced tissue changes. The translation of these data in patients could represent an added value in imaging studies on brain radiotoxicity.
The place and cause of death of Japanese peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Oka Hideaki , Sakurai Yuko , Kamimura Taro , Murakami Taichi , Sato Takeshi , Kitazono Takanari , Nakano Toshiaki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Although 70% of Japanese individuals wish to die at home, the in-hospital death rate in Japan is 71%. The in-hospital death rate is more than 80% in dialysis patients, most of whom are hemodialysis patients. Few reports exist on the relationship between place and cause of death in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of PD patients who died between January 2008 and June 2022 at three facilities.

Results
Ninety-four patients died, 71% in hospital, 25% at home, and 4% in elderly care facilities. The in-hospital death rates were 67%, 74%, and 71% (P = 0.90) in the three facilities. Of the 67 in-hospital deaths, infection was the most common cause of death (30%), followed by sudden cardiac death (SCD) (15%), senility/cachexia (15%), heart failure (12%), and malignancy (9%). In the out-of-hospital deaths, there were no cases of infection, and SCD accounted for the majority (59%), followed by senility/cachexia (11%), heart failure (7%), stroke (4%), and malignancy (4%). Limiting to SCD, patients who died outside the hospital were significantly younger and had a higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease than those who died in hospital.

Conclusions
The in-hospital death rate for PD patients was lower than that previously reported for dialysis patients and similar to that of the Japanese population. Based on the place and cause of death in PD patients, to further increase the death rate at home, which many PD patients would have preferred, it may be necessary to prevent infectious diseases, strengthen interventions for patients at high risk of SCD, and shift to home care for patients with senility/cachexia and malignancies.
The return of the old masquerader—scurvy: a case report of pediatric limping and bone pain
Authors: Chan Xavier , Ho Wen Wei Christopher , Roy Chowdhury Sudipta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Scurvy has been a rare condition in the developed world due to the increasing availability of adequate nutrition and easy access to fruits and vegetables. Scurvy is caused by severe vitamin C deficiency and has been historically associated with malnutrition in high-risk populations such as sailors. As it is an uncommon nutritional deficiency, scurvy is seldom suspected and usually under-diagnosed especially in the pediatric population.

Case presentation
We report a case of a pediatric patient with a history of autism spectrum disorder presenting with atypical symptoms of scurvy with gait abnormalities, diffuse rash, musculoskeletal deconditioning, and bleeding manifestations. After multiple extensive investigations and a prolonged hospitalization, a detailed dietary analysis revealed a severely restricted diet devoid of fruits and vegetables. Physical examination revealed specific signs of corkscrew hair with peri-follicular hemorrhages, hypertrophic, and bleeding gums with a concurrent low vitamin C level. Treatment with vitamin C supplementation was initiated and he was ambulant within 1 month of discharge.

Conclusion
This case highlights the importance of nutrition history for determining micronutrient deficiency in children with special needs. Enhanced physician education and higher index of suspicion regarding nutritional deficiencies will avoid over-investigations and delays for the institution of specific treatment.
Manipulation of a social signal affects DNA methylation of a stress-related gene in a free-living bird
Authors: McNew Sabrina M. , Taff Conor C. , Vitousek Maren N. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Social status directly affects the health of humans and other animals. Low status individuals receive more antagonistic encounters, have fewer supportive relationships and have worse health outcomes. However, the physiological and cellular processes that mediate the relationship between the social environment and health are incompletely known. Epigenetic regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, the neuroendocrine pathway that activates in response to stressors, may be one process that is sensitive to the social environment. Here, we experimentally manipulated plumage, a key social signal in female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and quantified methylation of four genes in the HPA axis before and after treatment. We found that dulling the white breast plumage affected methylation in one gene, CRHR1; however, the effect depended on the original brightness of the bird. Methylation in this gene was correlated with baseline corticosterone levels, suggesting that DNA methylation of CRHR1 helps regulate glucocorticoid production in this species. Methylation in two other genes, FKBP5 and GR, changed over the course of the experiment, independent of treatment. These results show that methylation of these genes is labile into adulthood and suggest that epigenetic regulation of the HPA axis could help birds respond to current environmental conditions.
Intravenous fluid therapy: an audit and discussion of improvements required for prescribers and administrators
Authors: Heslop Calum , Rajpara Milap , Wood Sally , Patel Talia , Karelia Shivaali , Patel Rakesh 
Published: July 2024

Background: Foundation doctors and nurses are the clinicians most closely involved in fluid assessment, intravenous (IV) fluid prescription and administration. However, both groups report challenges regarding IV fluids. At a large NHS trust in England, adherence to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline CG174, regarding IV fluids, was largely unknown. Aims: To assess the baseline adherence, within the hospitals, to CG174 and identify areas for improvement. Methods: A set of 12 audit standards were developed and used to collect data across 29 clinical areas between September 2022 and May 2023, with 255 patients receiving IV fluids at any time during their inpatient stay included. Findings: For two standards target adherence of 95% was achieved, with an adherence less than 50% in most. Areas of particularly poor adherence included assessing and meeting fluid and electrolyte requirements, patient reassessment and developing IV fluid management plans. Conclusion: Trust baseline adherence to NICE CG174 requires improvement, particularly regarding patient assessment and reassessment, and meeting electrolyte requirements.