bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric Conductivity of Nanoparticle Composites Coated with Oxidized Aminothiophenol and Adhered on Resin Plates
Authors: Oyama Taku , Kuwabara Kosuke , Muraki Takahito , Amo Satoru 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The successful adhesion of Au nanoparticles, which are coated with oxidized o-aminothiophenol on resin and glass plates, was attained by soaking the plates in a nanoparticle solution. The residual-free amino function group of aminothiophenol was used for the polymerization reaction among the aniline derivatives chemically modified on Au surfaces. The resulting polymeric aniline derivative sheet combined on the surfaces of the Au particles connects the particles electrically and thus induces high electric conductivity in the nanoparticle composites.
Stress–Strain and Diffusion Behavior of Industrial Waste-filled Acrylonitrile–Butadiene Rubber/High Density Polyethylene Blends
Authors: Ahmed Khalil 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The mechanical properties and diffusion behavior of marble waste (MW)-filled acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) blends were studied as a function of blend composition. A sulfur curing system was employed to crosslink the thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blends. The results obtained showed that the physical properties of vulcanized NBR/HDPE blends were enhanced with the addition of HDPE in MW-filled vulcanized NBR/HDPE blends. Mechanical properties such as stress–strain behavior, tensile strength, modulus, and % elongation at break and tear strength, were assessed and found to fluctuate with the blend ratio. HDPE-incorporated vulcanized NBR/HDPE blends have been found to reveal a reduced toluene uptake trend compare to the NBR compound.
Diversity in Bonding of Dithiadibenzo[24]crown Ether. Reversible Formation of Pseudorotaxane of Dibenzylammonium and Complexation with PdCl2
Authors: Suzaki Yuji , Nagai Hiroyuki , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
[2]Pseudorotaxane of dibenzylammonium and dithia[24]crown-8-ether (DTC) reacts with [PdCl2(cod)] (cod: 1,5-cyclooctadiene) to form [PdCl2(DTC)], accompanied by liberation of dibenzylammonium and cod. Further addition of PPh3 to the mixture causes formation of [PdCl2(PPh3)2] and regeneration of the [2]pseudorotaxane.
Ruthenium-catalyzed Ortho-selective Aromatic C–H Alkenylation with Alkenyl Carbonates
Authors: Ogiwara Yohei , Kochi Takuya , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Ortho-selective aromatic C–H alkenylation with alkenyl carbonates proceeds in the presence of a catalytic amount of [Ru(cod)(cot)]. Arylpyridines and an aryloxazoline were regioselectively alkenylated without adding external bases. Aromatic C–H alkylation also occurs depending on the reaction conditions.
Study of the Preperation of SnSe Nanorods with Selenium Dioxide as Source
Authors: Wang Rong , Wei Ming , Jiang Guoshun , Liu Weifeng , Zhu Changfei 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A new green method to synthesize SnSe nanorods had been carried out, with adopting SnCl2·2H2O and SeO2 as precursors. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The results revealed that the SnSe nanorods have an average length of 250 nm and width of 14 nm, with preferred growth direction of [010]. Optical measurements showed a direct band gap of 1.4 eV for nanorods, which is favorable for application in solar cells.
KULLANICILARININ AKILLI TELEFONLARI DEĞERLENDİRMELERİ: KASTAMONU ŞEHİR MERKEZİNDE BİR UYGULAMA THE USERS’ EVALUATIONS ABOUT THE SMARTPHONES: AN APPLICATION AT KASTAMONU CITY CENTRE
Authors: Taner Neslişah 
Published: May 2014

In recent years, mobile phones are turned into smart phones that is known multimedia machine from interpersonal device.These devices known smartphones are programmable mobile phones that offer advanced talent and features to consumers in their personal and business lives.In rapidly changing mobile phone market, new generation smart phone producers incline consumers with also being under the sway of social influence to buy and use this new technology .It has an important to establish smart phones offered as multi functional devices with different features in terms of which criteria of them are prefered and which features whether used or not by their consumers. The purpose of this paper is to assess smartphones in terms of their users. As a result of literature review, smartphones assesment criterias that are social needs, social influences,convenience,dependency and purchase behaviour are surveyed .200 smartphone users live in the city centre of Kastamonu are surveyed in this study. Results via frequency analysis,Stage Ranking Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed the consumers’ smartphone preference reasons,usage and dependendency level.Factors in the literature are confirmed by the confirmatory analysis. Results via MANOVA analysis reveal that there are differences between smartphone users consideration in terms of their demographic features.
HİZMET İŞLETMELERİNDE MALIYET ANALİZİ: SİVAS NUMUNE HASTANESİ YANIK ÜNİTESİNDE YATAN HASTALARIN MALİYET ANALİZİ
Authors: HAZAR Erkan , İNCE Ali Rıza , ÇAM Selim , KARAGÖZ Naim 
Published: May 2014

Aim. The aim of this study is to investigate retrospectively the average cost per patient between the time 1May 2012-15 June 2013 in 68 patients who were hospitalized in the Burn Section of Numune State Hospital. Methods. This investigation includes age, degree of burn, burn percentage, burn type, hospitalization days and bills. Rates were determined according to the burn type of patients and costs were determined according to these types. Results. 80.9% of patients had hot water burn, 7.4% were burned due to burst flames, 4.4% had milk burns, 4.4% had steam burns and 2.9% were identified to have electrical burns. Average costs of burn injury inpatients was reported as TL values. Conclusion. The degree of burn injury, burn ratio and number of days during hospitalization were found to be dependent while age and type of burn injury were found to be independent variable that affect burn costs. The most important paramater that increased cost was number of days of hospitalization. Total cost of 68 patients was 1193,65 TL and average daily cost of a patient was found to be 110,12TL.
KOBİ’LERDE MÜŞTERİ İLİŞKİLERİ YÖNETİMİ ALGILARI VE UYGULAMALARI: TOKAT İLİ ÖRNEĞİ PERCEPTIONS AN APPLICATION OF SMES' CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT IN TOKAT
Authors: EROL Yücel , İMRE Turan Burak 
Published: May 2014

The purpose of the study is to reveal SMEs’ practices, perceptions and knowledge about Customer Relationship Management, determine the features that may affect the perceptions of CRM, measure the relationship between innovation, market, profit-earning capacity performances and their CRM perceptions and finally recommend suggestions for promoting themselves about it in Tokat. The study has been planned as descriptive research. Data has been obtained by survey via interviewing with managers. Sample size has been admitted as 169 firms at %5 significance level. Convenience sampling has been chosen as sampling.As a result of the research, Tokat province SMEs' have high level of CRM perceptions. But their CRM practices are deficient, exiguous and they are uneducated and anachronistic about CRM.
TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ THE IMPACT OF TRANSFER PRICING PRACTICE ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE AND THE EVALUATION FROM THE TAX POINT
Authors: KUZU Serdar 
Published: May 2014

The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses should form their cost and pricing systems according to new regulations. Transfer pricing practice is usefull in setting the most proper price for goods that are subject to the transaction, in evaluating the performance of the responsibility centers of business, and in determining if the inter-departmental pricing system is consistent with targets of the business. The taxing powers of different countries and also the taxing powers of different institutions in a country did not overlap. Because of this reason, bringing new regulations to the tax system has become essential. The transfer pricing practice that has been incorporated into the Turkish Tax System is one of the these regulations. The transfer pricing practice which includes national and international transactions has been included in the Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of goods and services transfer that will occur between departments of businesses on the responsibility center and business performance, and also the impact of transfer pricing practice on the business performance on the basis of tax-related matters. As a result of the study, it can be said that transfer pricing practice has an impact on business performance in terms of both price and tax-related matters.
İŞE BAĞLILIĞIN TÜKENMİŞLİK VE DEPRESYON DÜZEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA THE EFFECTS OF WORK COMMITMENT ON THE LEVELS OF BURNOUT AND DEPRESSION: A RESEARCH ON THE HEALTH CARE EMPLOYEES
Authors: TANRIVERDİ Haluk , SARIHAN Mucize 
Published: May 2014

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of health workers’ levels of work commitment on the levels of depression and burnout. Having this purpose in mind, a questionnaire consisting of personal information form, work commitment scale, burnout scale and depression scale was conducted with 266 health workers of İstanbul Kartal Training and Research Hospital in May 2013. Data obtained from questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS 17,0 statistical software. Correlation analysis was utilized in order to determine the relationships among work commitment, burnout and depression levels of health workers whereas regression analysis was utilized in order to determine the effects of health workers’ levels of work commitment on the levels of depression and burnout. According to the results, it has been found that there are statistically relevant relationships among work commitment, burnout and depression levels of health workers. It has been concluded that the more health workers’ levels of work commitment increase, their levels of depression and burnout decrease.
TÜRK KÖKENLİ KOBİ’LERİN MALEZYA’DAKİ FAALİYETLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Polat Refik 
Published: May 2014

Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmelerin (KOBİ’ler) bütün ülkelerde ekonomik gelişme bakımından önemli bir rol oynadığı inkar edilemez bir gerçektir. Malezya’da KOBİ’ler 2000 yılından beri toplam şirket sayısının % 95’inden fazlasını oluşturmakta ve toplam üretimin % 40’ından, toplam istihdamın % 60’ından ve toplam katma değerin ise % 45’indne fazlasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Malezya’da faaliyet gösteren Türk kökenli Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli (KOBİ) işletmelerin girişimcilik ve iş başarısının Malezya ekonomisi bağlamındaki katkısının araştırılmasıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, farklı sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren Türk girişimciler incelenerek, Türk girişimcilerin nitelik ve özellikleri ortaya konulmuş, onların girişimciliğe ve Malezya’daki iş dünyasının girişimsel sürecine ve ilerlemesine nasıl katkı sağladıkları incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada ayrıca Türk girişimcilerin motivasyonları, kontrol pozisyonları ve demografik nitelikleri de incelenmiştir.
YABANCI DİL EĞİTİM HİZMETLERİNDE HİZMET KALİTESİ ÖLÇÜMÜNE YÖNELİK BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: Yüce Serdar 
Published: May 2014

Ulusal ve uluslararası boyutta artan rekabet koşulları ve artan tüketici beklentileri, işletmeleri kaliteli ürün ve hizmetler sunmaya zorlamaktadır. Bu anlamda ortaya çıkan “hizmet kalitesi” kavramı, işletmelerin üzerinde önemle durması gereken bir konudur. Bu çalışma ile hizmet işletmelerinin müşterilerinin bekledikleri ve algıladıkları hizmet kalitesi anlayışı ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Uygulama çalışması ise toplum geleceğine yön veren bir eğitim hizmetleri işletmesi olan Karabük Üniversitesinin müşterilerinden; Yabancı dil hazırlık sınıfı öğrencileri üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları üniversitenin sunduğu eğitim hizmetinin öğrenciler tarafından nasıl algılandığını göstermesinin yanı sıra; öğrencilerin yabancı dil hazırlık eğitiminden neler beklediğini de ortaya koyması nedeni ile gelecekteki eğitim faaliyetlerinin planlanmasına da yön verici ipuçları içermektedir.
Regulation of Sex Determination in Mice by a Non-coding Genomic Region
Authors: Arboleda Valerie A , Fleming Alice , Barseghyan Hayk , Délot Emmanuèle , Sinsheimer Janet S , Vilain Eric 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
To identify novel genomic regions that regulate sex determination, we utilized the powerful C57BL/6J-YPOS (B6-YPOS) model of XY sex reversal where mice with autosomes from the B6 strain and a Y chromosome from a wild-derived strain, Mus domesticus poschiavinus (YPOS), show complete sex reversal. In B6-YPOS, the presence of a 55-Mb congenic region on chromosome 11 protects from sex reversal in a dose-dependent manner. Using mouse genetic backcross designs and high-density SNP arrays, we narrowed the congenic region to a 1.62-Mb genomic region on chromosome 11 that confers 80% protection from B6-YPOS sex reversal when one copy is present and complete protection when two copies are present. It was previously believed that the protective congenic region originated from the 129S1/SviMJ (129) strain. However, genomic analysis revealed that this region is not derived from 129 and most likely is derived from the semi-inbred strain POSA. We show that the small 1.62-Mb congenic region that protects against B6-YPOS sex reversal is located within the Sox9 promoter and promotes the expression of Sox9, thereby driving testis development within the B6-YPOS background. Through 30 years of backcrossing, this congenic region was maintained, as it promoted male sex determination and fertility despite the female-promoting B6-YPOS genetic background. Our findings demonstrate that long-range enhancer regions are critical to developmental processes and can be used to identify the complex interplay between genome variants, epigenetics, and developmental gene regulation.
Transcription-Independent Functions of an RNA Polymerase II Subunit, Rpb2, During Genome Rearrangement in the Ciliate, Oxytricha trifallax
Authors: Khurana Jaspreet S , Wang Xing , Chen Xiao , Perlman David H , Landweber Laura F 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The RNA polymerase II (Pol-II) holoenzyme, responsible for messenger RNA production, typically consists of 10–12 subunits. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that maternally deposited, long, noncoding, template RNAs are essential for programmed genome rearrangements in the ciliate Oxytricha trifallax. Here we show that such RNAs are bidirectionally transcribed and transported to the zygotic nucleus. The gene encoding the second-largest subunit of Pol-II, Rpb2, has undergone gene duplication, and the two paralogs, Rpb2-a and -b, display different expression patterns. Immunoprecipitation of double-stranded RNAs identified an association with Rpb2-a. Through immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we show that Rpb2-a in early zygotes appears surprisingly unassociated with other Pol II subunits. A partial loss of function of Rpb2-a leads to an increase in expression of transposons and other germline-limited satellite repeats. We propose that evolutionary divergence of the Rpb2 paralogs has led to acquisition of transcription-independent functions during sexual reproduction that may contribute to the negative regulation of germline gene expression.
Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Evolution of the X Chromosome in Nematodes
Authors: Albritton Sarah Elizabeth , Kranz Anna-Lena , Rao Prashant , Kramer Maxwell , Dieterich Christoph , Ercan Sevinç 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Studies of X chromosome evolution in various organisms have indicated that sex-biased genes are nonrandomly distributed between the X and autosomes. Here, to extend these studies to nematodes, we annotated and analyzed X chromosome gene content in four Caenorhabditis species and in Pristionchus pacificus. Our gene expression analyses comparing young adult male and female mRNA-seq data indicate that, in general, nematode X chromosomes are enriched for genes with high female-biased expression and depleted of genes with high male-biased expression. Genes with low sex-biased expression do not show the same trend of X chromosome enrichment and depletion. Combined with the observation that highly sex-biased genes are primarily expressed in the gonad, differential distribution of sex-biased genes reflects differences in evolutionary pressures linked to tissue-specific regulation of X chromosome transcription. Our data also indicate that X dosage imbalance between males (XO) and females (XX) is influential in shaping both expression and gene content of the X chromosome. Predicted upregulation of the single male X to match autosomal transcription (Ohno’s hypothesis) is supported by our observation that overall transcript levels from the X and autosomes are similar for highly expressed genes. However, comparison of differentially located one-to-one orthologs between C. elegans and P. pacificus indicates lower expression of X-linked orthologs, arguing against X upregulation. These contradicting observations may be reconciled if X upregulation is not a global mechanism but instead acts locally on a subset of tissues and X-linked genes that are dosage sensitive.
Whole Exome Sequencing of Distant Relatives in Multiplex Families Implicates Rare Variants in Candidate Genes for Oral Clefts
Authors: Bureau Alexandre , Parker Margaret M , Ruczinski Ingo , Taub Margaret A , Marazita Mary L , Murray Jeffrey C , Mangold Elisabeth , Noethen Markus M , Ludwig Kirsten U , Hetmanski Jacqueline B , Bailey-Wilson Joan E , Cropp Cheryl D , Li Qing , Szymczak Silke , Albacha-Hejazi Hasan , Alqosayer Khalid , Field L Leigh , Wu-Chou Yah-Huei , Doheny Kimberly F , Ling Hua , Scott Alan F , Beaty Terri H 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A dozen genes/regions have been confirmed as genetic risk factors for oral clefts in human association and linkage studies, and animal models argue even more genes may be involved. Genomic sequencing studies should identify specific causal variants and may reveal additional genes as influencing risk to oral clefts, which have a complex and heterogeneous etiology. We conducted a whole exome sequencing (WES) study to search for potentially causal variants using affected relatives drawn from multiplex cleft families. Two or three affected second, third, and higher degree relatives from 55 multiplex families were sequenced. We examined rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs) shared by affected relatives in 348 recognized candidate genes. Exact probabilities that affected relatives would share these rare variants were calculated, given pedigree structures, and corrected for the number of variants tested. Five novel and potentially damaging SNVs shared by affected distant relatives were found and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. One damaging SNV in CDH1, shared by three affected second cousins from a single family, attained statistical significance (P = 0.02 after correcting for multiple tests). Family-based designs such as the one used in this WES study offer important advantages for identifying genes likely to be causing complex and heterogeneous disorders.
Pleiotropic Mutations Are Subject to Strong Stabilizing Selection
Authors: McGuigan Katrina , Collet Julie M , Allen Scott L , Chenoweth Stephen F , Blows Mark W 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The assumption that pleiotropic mutations are more deleterious than mutations with more restricted phenotypic effects is an important premise in models of evolution. However, empirical evidence supporting this assumption is limited. Here, we estimated the strength of stabilizing selection on mutations affecting gene expression in male Drosophila serrata. We estimated the mutational variance (VM) and the standing genetic variance (VG) from two well-matched panels of inbred lines: a panel of mutation accumulation (MA) lines derived from a single inbred ancestral line and a panel of inbred lines derived from an outbred population. For 855 gene-expression traits, we estimated the strength of stabilizing selection as s = VM/VG. Selection was observed to be relatively strong, with 17% of traits having s &gt; 0.02, a magnitude typically associated with life-history traits. Randomly assigning expression traits to five-trait sets, we used factor analytic mixed modeling in the MA data set to identify covarying traits that shared pleiotropic mutations. By assigning traits to the same trait sets in the outbred line data set, we then estimated s for the combination of traits affected by pleiotropic mutation. For these pleiotropic combinations, the median s was three times greater than s acting on the individual component traits, and 46% of the pleiotropic trait combinations had s &gt; 0.02. Although our analytical approach was biased toward detecting mutations with relatively large effects, likely overestimating the average strength of selection, our results provide widespread support for the prediction that stronger selection can act against mutations with pleiotropic effects.
Pregravid Liver Enzyme Levels and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus During a Subsequent Pregnancy
Authors: Sridhar Sneha B. , Xu Fei , Darbinian Jeanne , Quesenberry Charles P. , Ferrara Assiamira , Hedderson Monique M. 
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE
Liver enzymes are independent predictors of type 2 diabetes. Although liver fat content correlates with features of insulin resistance, a risk factor for developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the relationship between liver enzymes and GDM is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess whether pregravid liver enzyme levels are associated with subsequent risk of GDM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A nested case-control study was conducted among women who participated in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California multiphasic health checkup (1984–1996) and had a subsequent pregnancy (1984–2009). Case patients were 256 women who developed GDM. Two control subjects were selected for each case patient and matched for year of blood draw, age at examination, age at pregnancy, and number of intervening pregnancies.

RESULTS
Being in the highest quartile versus the lowest quartile of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels was associated with a twofold increased risk of subsequent GDM (odds ratio 1.97 [95% CI 1.14–3.42]), after adjusting for race/ethnicity, prepregnancy BMI, family history of diabetes, and alcohol use. This result was attenuated after adjusting for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting status, and rate of gestational weight gain. There was significant interaction between GGT and HOMA-IR; the association with GGT was found among women in the highest tertile of HOMA-IR. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were not associated with increased GDM risk.

CONCLUSIONS
Pregravid GGT level, but not alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase level, predicted the subsequent risk of GDM. Markers of liver fat accumulation, such as GGT level, are present years before pregnancy and may help to identify women at increased risk for subsequent GDM.