bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vasodilating prostaglandin E1 does not reproduce interleukin‐1β‐induced oxygen metabolism abnormalities in rabbits
Authors: Matsuyama Shigenari , Hayakawa Koichi , Sakuramoto Kazuhito , Muroya Takashi , Nakamori Yasushi , Ikegawa Hitoshi , Shimazu Takeshi , Kuwagata Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundWe have reported that administration of recombinant human interleukin (IL)‐1β induced circulatory shock in rabbits by causing overproduction of vasodilating prostaglandin(s) and simultaneously impaired oxygen metabolism by causing an abnormal dependence of oxygen consumption (VO2) on oxygen delivery (DO2). The present study was carried out to compare the effect of administration of exogenous PGE1 with that of IL‐1β on oxygen metabolism.MethodsSixteen rabbits were assigned to one of three groups and given a single injection of 10 μg/kg IL‐1β (IL‐1β group, n = 5), continuous infusion of 1 μg/kg/min PGE1 (PGE1 group, n = 6), or saline (control group, n = 5). All rabbits were subjected to stepwise cardiac tamponade to decrease DO2 by inflating a balloon placed into the pericardial sac. The VO2/DO2 relation was analyzed by the dual‐line method.ResultsBoth IL‐1β and PGE1 decreased the baseline value of mean arterial pressure by approximately 25% without inducing significant alteration of the cardiac index. With respect to the VO2/DO2 relation, the slope of the supply‐independent line was significantly increased in the IL‐1β group (y = 0.13x + 6.4), but not in the PGE1 group (y = 0.01x + 10.0) compared to that in the control group (y = 0.05x + 8.7).ConclusionThese results indicate that simple vasodilation and hypotension induced by administration of PGE1 are insufficient to account for the abnormal oxygen metabolism induced by IL‐1β.
A Catalytic Diastereoselective Formal [5+2] Cycloaddition Approach to Azepino[1,2‐a]indoles: Putative Donor–Acceptor Cyclobutanes as Reactive Intermediates
Authors: Shenje Raynold , Martin M. Cynthia , France Stefan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA catalytic formal [5+2] cycloaddition approach to the diastereoselective synthesis of azepino[1,2‐a]indoles is reported. The reaction presumably proceeds through a Lewis acid catalyzed formal [2+2] cycloaddition of an alkene with an N‐indolyl alkylidene β‐amide ester to form a donor–acceptor cyclobutane intermediate, which subsequently undergoes an intramolecular ring‐opening cyclization. Azepine products are formed in up to 92 % yield with high degrees of diastereoselectivity (up to 34:1 d.r.).
Two States Are Not Enough: Quantitative Evaluation of the Valence‐Bond Intramolecular Charge‐Transfer Model and Its Use in Predicting Bond Length Alternation Effects
Authors: Jarowski Peter D. , Mo Yirong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe structural weights of the canonical resonance contributors used in the Two‐state valence‐bond charge‐transfer model, neutral (N, R1) and ionic (VB‐CT, R2), to the ground states and excited states of a series of linear dipolar intramolecular charge‐transfer chromophores containing a buta‐1,3‐dien‐1,4‐diyl bridge have been computed by using the block‐localized wavefunction (BLW) method at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d) level to provide the first quantitative assessment of this simple model. Ground‐ and excited‐state analysis reveals surprisingly low ground‐state structural weights for the VB‐CT resonance form using either this Two‐state model or an expanded Ten‐state model. The VB‐CT state is found to be more prominent in the excited state. Individual resonance forms were structurally optimized to understand the origins of the bond length alternation (BLA) of the bridging unit. Using a Wheland energy‐based weighting scheme, the weighted average of the optimized bond lengths with the Two‐state model was unable to reproduce the BLA features with values 0.04 to 0.02 Å too large compared to the fully delocalized (FD) structure (BLW: ca. −0.13 to −0.07 Å, FD: ca. −0.09 to −0.05 Å). Instead, an expanded Ten‐state model fit the BLA values of the FD structure to within only 0.001 Å of FD.
Pramipexole Derivatives as Potent and Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Agonists with Improved Human Microsomal Stability
Authors: Chen Jianyong , Jiang Cheng , Levant Beth , Li Xiaoqin , Zhao Ting , Wen Bo , Luo Ruijuan , Sun Duxin , Wang Shaomeng 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHerein we report the synthesis and evaluation of a series of new pramipexole derivatives as highly potent and selective agonists of the dopamine‐3 (D3) receptor. A number of these new compounds bind to the D3 receptor with sub‐nanomolar affinity and show excellent selectivity (>10 000) for the D3 receptor over the D1 and D2 receptors. For example, compound 23 (N‐(cis‐3‐(2‐(((S)‐2‐amino‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol‐6‐yl)(propyl)amino)ethyl)‐3‐hydroxycyclobutyl)‐3‐(5‐methyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐3‐yl)benzamide) binds to the D3 receptor with a Ki value of 0.53 nM and shows a selectivity of >20 000 over the D2 and D1 receptors in the binding assays using a rat brain preparation. It has excellent stability in human liver microsomes. Moreover, in vitro functional assays showed it to be a full agonist for the human D3 receptor.
Facilitating clinical trials: The expanding role of the nurse
Authors: Engelking Constance 
Published: October 2014

AbstractClinical trials are becoming increasingly difficult to carry out in the face of a changing health care delivery system. The reluctance of third party payers to reimburse for experimental therapy and the growing practice of providers to limit resources allocated for the care of cancer patients undergoing such therapies seriously curtail the ability of investigators to test new cancer treatments clinically. In addition, certain beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions held by the public may interfere with patient case accrual. Nurses can help facilitate both accrual to and conduct of clinical research. This article addresses selected consumer‐ and provider‐centered factors that inhibit clinical research. The expanding role of the nurse in the areas of public education, informed consent, direct care, and collaborative research is also described.
An inner city cancer prevention clinic: Design, methods, and early results
Authors: Renneker Mark 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn American Cancer Society demonstration pilot project is underway that is designed to provide comprehensive cancer prevention‐related services to the underserved community of West Oakland, California. An array of cancer prevention services are being made available through an inner‐city clinic (West Oakland Health Center), including cancer risk assessments and education about cancer, physical examinations for cancer, teaching of self‐examination procedures, smoking cessation, and nutrition counseling, appointments for Pap smears, sigmoidoscopy, mammography, and other more specialized screening procedures, case management for findings suspicious for cancer, and community education programs. Described is the process of implementing these services, their utilization, and their impact (after 6 months).
Primary prevention of cancer: The case for comprehensive school health education
Authors: Wynder Ernst L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractComprehensive school health education plays an important role in the primary prevention of cancer because so many of the health habits relating to cancer and other diseases have their onset early in life. A comprehensive health education program should begin early in life. Such education must be multifactorial from kindergarten through high school, should involve annual health screening, must be assessed annually, and is most effective when coordinated by a full‐time health education teacher. Those concerned about the many problems of health behavior in our society should insist that such programs become mandatory in every state in this nation.
Analysis of ladder oscillators using the averaged potential
Authors: Kuramitsu Masami , Takase Fuyuto 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper analyzes the single‐mode and nonresonant multimode oscillations in the ladder‐type oscillator, using the averaged potential method we introduced previously. In particular, physical description of the phenomenon is presented. The averaged potential represents the time‐average of the loss in the oscillator, and the stable oscillation is produced so that its value is minimized. Based on the fact that the averaged potential is of a quadratic form when the characteristics of the active element are represented by a third‐order polynomial, an algorithm is constructed to determine all minimum points of the averaged potential. Then the condition for stable single‐ or multimode oscillation is derived as the condition for the mode configuration. By this discussion, the physical significance of the stable oscillation mode is clarified, indicating the relation between the property of an active element and the behavior of the ladder oscillator. Finally, the oscillation mode of the ladder oscillator in which active elements are fully or partially included can be described from the viewpoints of the averaged potential method. Examples are shown for the latter case where triple‐ and quadruple‐modes of oscillations can be produced.
A byte erasable 5V‐only 64 kbit EEPROM
Authors: Yatsuda Yuji , Hagiwara Takaaki , Minami Shin‐Ichi , Nabetani Shinji , Uchida Ken , Yasui Tokumasa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAt present, the main products of high‐performance EEPROMs which can be accommodated in recent high‐speed microcomputers are 16 K bit devices which require two supplies (VCC and VPP). In this paper, a next generation EEPROM which can provide high performance and functionality such as: (1) high density (64 K bit); (2) byte erasable; and (3) internal programming supply is described. The memory device used is a reliable n‐channel Si gate MNOS device.To realize a high density of 64 K, the miniaturization of the MNOS device has been examined, and the scaling law is proposed. Also, to accomplish a reliable byte erasing, a timing is set up for a high‐voltage switching circuit whose current supply capability is designed to have a sufficient margin so that the rate of high‐voltage application into the memory array is determined approximately by the voltage multiplication rate of the multiplier circuit. The generation of high voltage is done by charge pumping method, and a zener diode is used for the stabilization.
Graphitic Petal Micro‐Supercapacitor Electrodes for Ultra‐High Power Density
Authors: Xiong Guoping , Meng Chuizhou , Reifenberger Ronald G. , Irazoqui Pedro P. , Fisher Timothy S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHigh‐power micro‐supercapacitors based on micrometers‐thick graphitic petal electrodes have been designed and fabricated. The electrodes were prepared by using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and patterned by optical lithography and reactive ion etching. Charge/discharge rates up to 100 000 mV s−1 (1000 times faster than conventional supercapacitors) have been achieved in 1 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. After electrochemical oxidization treatment in 1 M H2SO4 solution at room temperature, a volumetric capacitance of 270 F cm−3 (with an area‐normalized capacitance of 108 mF cm−2) was observed at a scan rate of 20 mV s−1 while maintaining high charge/discharge rates. The electrochemically treated microdevices exhibit energy densities in the range of 0.8 to 10 mWh cm−3, power densities in the range of 0.6 to 235 W cm−3, a theoretical maximum power density of 292 W cm−3 at a current of 100 μA, and good cycling stability.
Design of beam forming network for time‐modulated linear array with artificial bees colony algorithm
Authors: Ruchi Ruchi , Nandi Arnab , Basu Banani 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA novel technique of beam shaping and beam steering at the central frequency using uniformly excited time‐modulated linear array is proposed. Unlike conventional time‐switched antenna array, the technique utilises a common complex time exponential signal with unit amplitude at the switching frequency, while each element is controlled by radio frequency switches with unique switching intervals that results on a relative amplitude weight and phase difference between the elements at the central frequency without phase shifters. Artificial bees colony based approach is applied to approximate the switching intervals that produce the desired pattern at the fundamental frequency and suppress the sideband radiation losses. The paper presents an analytical evaluation of the power radiated by the array at the central frequency and power wasted at the sidebands and thereby calculates the dynamic efficiency of the proposed array considering a mutual coupling effect. Representative examples are shown and simulated using commercial electromagnetic simulation software to justify the applicability of the derived expression. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational continua revisited
Authors: Fish Jacob , Filonova Vasilina , Fafalis Dimitrios 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIn the recent paper, Fish and Kuznetsov introduced the so‐called computational continua (C2) approach, which is a variant of the higher order computational homogenization that does not require higher order continuity, introduces no new degrees of freedom, and is free of higher order boundary conditions. In a follow‐up paper on reduced order computational continua, the C2 formulation has been enhanced with a model reduction scheme based on construction of residual‐free fields to yield a computationally efficient framework coined as RC2. The original C2 formulations were limited to rectangular and box elements. The primary objectives of the present manuscript is to revisit the original formulation in three respects: (i) consistent formulation of boundary conditions for unit cells subjected to higher order coarse scale fields, (ii) effective solution of the unit cell problem for lower order approximation of eigenstrains, and (iii) development of nonlocal quadrature schemes for general two‐dimensional (quad and triangle) and three‐dimensional (hexahedral and tetrahedral) elements. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An embedded mesh method using piecewise constant multipliers with stabilization: mathematical and numerical aspects
Authors: Puso M. A. , Kokko E. , Settgast R. , Sanders J. , Simpkins B. , Liu B. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAn embedded mesh method using piecewise constant multipliers originally proposed by Puso et al. (CMAME, 2012) is analyzed here to determine effects of the pressure stabilization term and small cut cells. The approach is implemented for transient dynamics using the central difference scheme for the time discretization. It is shown that the resulting equations of motion are a stable linear system with a condition number independent of mesh size. Next, it is shown that the constraints and the stabilization terms can be recast as non‐proportional damping such that the time integration of the scheme is provably stable with a critical time step computed from the undamped equations of motion. Effects of small cuts are discussed throughout the presentation. A mesh study is conducted to evaluate the effects of the stabilization on the discretization error and conditioning and is used to recommend an optimal value for stabilization scaling parameter. Several nonlinear problems are also analyzed and compared with comparable conforming mesh results. Finally, several demanding problems highlighting the robustness of the proposed approach are shown. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social Inequalities Through the Lens of Social Protection: Notes on the Transnational Social Question
Authors: Faist Thomas , Bilecen Başak 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis concluding article to our special issue places the linkage of social protection and social inequalities in a broader context, namely the transnational social question in Europe and its periphery. The transnational social question pertains to the perception of social inequalities as illegitimate and to their politicisation. In so doing, this article also draws preliminary conclusions, based upon the main findings of the contributions in this special issue, with respect to the social protection strategies utilised by migrants and their significant others, both within and across borders. Transnationality as a marker of heterogeneity is of strategic significance for our understanding of the transnational social question, because it reveals the linkages across the fragmented worlds of social protection. In particular, it provides a window into the social mechanisms that underline social protection across borders and how these mitigate old and generate new social inequalities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holoprosencephaly: signaling interactions between the brain and the face, the environment and the genes, and the phenotypic variability in animal models and humans
Authors: Petryk Anna , Graf Daniel , Marcucio Ralph 
Published: October 2014

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common developmental defect of the forebrain characterized by inadequate or absent midline division of the forebrain into cerebral hemispheres, with concomitant midline facial defects in the majority of cases. Understanding the pathogenesis of HPE requires knowledge of the relationship between the developing brain and the facial structures during embryogenesis. A number of signaling pathways control and coordinate the development of the brain and face, including Sonic hedgehog, Bone morphogenetic protein, Fibroblast growth factor, and Nodal signaling. Mutations in these pathways have been identified in animal models of HPE and human patients. Because of incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity of HPE, patients carrying defined mutations may not manifest the disease at all, or have a spectrum of defects. It is currently unknown what drives manifestation of HPE in genetically at‐risk individuals, but it has been speculated that other gene mutations and environmental factors may combine as cumulative insults. HPE can be diagnosed in utero by a high‐resolution prenatal ultrasound or a fetal magnetic resonance imaging, sometimes in combination with molecular testing from chorionic villi or amniotic fluid sampling. Currently, there are no effective preventive methods for HPE. Better understanding of the mechanisms of gene–environment interactions in HPE would provide avenues for such interventions. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:17–32. doi: 10.1002/wdev.161This article is categorized under:

Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles
Birth Defects > Craniofacial and Nervous System Anomalies
Successive distinct high‐grade gliomas in L‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria
Authors: Patay Zoltan , Orr Brent A. , Shulkin Barry L. , Hwang Scott N. , Ying Yuan , Broniscer Alberto , Boop Frederick A. , Ellison David W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPatients with L‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria are at risk for developing cerebral neoplasms, particularly gliomas, as one of the optical isomers of the known oncometabolite, 2‐hydroxyglutarate is produced in L‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria. To illustrate the concept of sustained oncogenic potential in permanent exposure to L‐2‐hydroxyglutarate in brain tissue, we present the medical history of a patient with L‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria who underwent surgery to remove a right temporal anaplastic astrocytoma and developed an anatomically distinct, but histopathologically similar, tumor in the left frontal region 40 months later. This is the first reported case of successive distinct gliomas in a patient with L‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria. While this implies a significant, cumulative lifetime risk for cerebral neoplasms in patients with this rare organic aciduria, it also allows further insight into a unique mechanism of tumorigenesis in the brain.
A promising concept of combination therapy for positional obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Dieltjens Marijke , Vroegop Anneclaire V. , Verbruggen Annelies E. , Wouters Kristien , Willemen Marc , De Backer Wilfried A. , Verbraecken Johan A. , Van de Heyning Paul H. , Braem Marc J. , de Vries Nico , Vanderveken Olivier M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Purpose
The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the additional effect of a chest-worn sleep position trainer (SPT) in patients with residual supine-dependent obstructive sleep apnea (sdOSA) under mandibular advancement device (MAD) therapy.

Methods
Baseline and follow-up polysomnography with MAD were performed. Twenty patients with sdOSA under MAD therapy underwent two consecutive randomized polysomnographies: one with SPT and one with combination of SPT + MAD. Data are presented as median (quartile 1, quartile 3).

Results
The SPT reduced the time spent in supine sleeping position compared to baseline and MAD therapy. Both MAD and SPT were individually effective in reducing the overall apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) significantly when compared to baseline from 20.8 (15.1; 33.6)/h at baseline to 11.0 (6.7; 13.8)/h and to 11.1 (3.5; 17.7)/h with MAD or SPT, respectively. The combination of SPT + MAD further reduced the overall AHI to 5.7 (3.6; 7.4), which was significantly lower than with MAD alone (p < 0.001) and SPT alone (p < 0.008), respectively.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that combination of SPT + MAD leads to a higher therapeutic efficacy in patients with sdOSA under MAD therapy when compared to one of the treatment modalities alone.
Prevalence, incidence, and clinical impact of sarcopenia: facts, numbers, and epidemiology—update 2014
Authors: Morley John E. , Anker Stefan D. , von Haehling Stephan 
Published: October 2014

Sarcopenia is now defined as a decline in walking speed or grip strength associated with low muscle mass. Sarcopenia leads to loss of mobility and function, falls, and mortality. Sarcopenia is a major cause of frailty, but either condition can occur without the other being present. Sarcopenia is present in about 5 to 10 % of persons over 65 years of age. It has multiple causes including disease, decreased caloric intake, poor blood flow to muscle, mitochondrial dysfunction, a decline in anabolic hormones, and an increase in proinflammatory cytokines. Basic therapy includes resistance exercise and protein and vitamin D supplementation. There is now a simple screening test available for sarcopenia—SARC‐F. All persons 60 years and older should be screened for sarcopenia and treated when appropriate.
Tribological properties of conductive lubricating greases
Authors: Fan Xiaoqiang , Xia Yanqiu , Wang Liping 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Three kinds of new conductive lubricating greases were prepared using lithium ionic liquids as the base oil and the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the thickener. These lithium ionic liquids ([Li(PEG)X]) were obtained by blending lithium salts (LiBF4, LiPF6 and LiNTf2) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) because lithium salts have an extremely high solubility in PEG. The conductivities and contact resistances of the prepared lubricating greases were investigated using the DDSJ-308A conductivity meter and the reciprocating ball-on-disk UMT-2MT sliding tester. In addition, their tribological properties were investigated in detail. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to explore the friction mechanisms. The results suggest that the prepared lubricating greases have high conductivities and excellent tribological properties. The high conductivities are attributed to ion diffusion or migration of the lithium ionic liquids with an external electric field, and the excellent tribological properties depend on the formation of boundary protective films.