bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design considerations for low power time‐mode SAR ADC
Authors: Fan Hua , Han Xue , Kobenge Sekedi B. , Wei Qi , Yang Huazhong 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThis paper describes circuit design considerations for realization of low power dissipation successive approximation register (SAR) analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) with a time‐mode comparator. A number of design issues related to time‐mode SAR ADC are discussed. Also, noise and offset models describing the impact of the noise and offset on the timing error of time‐domain comparator are presented. The results are verified by comparison to simulations. The design considerations mentioned in this paper are useful for the initial design and the improvements of time‐mode SAR ADC. Then, a number of practical design aspects are illustrated with discussion of an experimental 12‐bit SAR ADC that incorporates a highly dynamic voltage‐to‐time converter and a symmetrical input time‐to‐digital converter. Prototyped in a 0.18‐µm six‐metal one‐polysilicon Complementary Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor (CMOS) process, the ADC, at 12 bit, 500 kS/s, achieves a Nyquist signal‐to‐noise‐and‐distortion ratio of 53.24 dB (8.55 effective number of bits) and a spurious‐free dynamic range of 70.73 dB, while dissipating 27.17 μW from a 1.3‐V supply, giving a figure of merit of 145 fJ/conversion‐step. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pilot study on the significance of random intrasite placement of the Semmes–Weinstein monofilament
Authors: Slater Robert A. , Koren Shlomit , Ramot Yoram , Buchs Andreas , Rapoport Micha J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe possible effect of random intrasite placement on the outcome of the Semmes–Weinstein monofilament (SWF) test is not known. We sought to determine the significance of this variable in the diagnosis of loss of protective sensation (LOPS) in patients with diabetes.MethodsForty‐five patients with diabetes with history of pedal ulceration (group 1), 81 patients with diabetes without history of ulceration (group 2) and 21 non‐diabetic controls (group 3) were studied. The three original sites of the International Consensus on the Diabetic Foot at the hallux, first and fifth sub‐metatarsal areas were divided into peripheral and interior zones resulting in a total of six zones.ResultsMean total scores of monofilament test were significantly lower in peripheral zones as compared with interior zones of both feet in all three groups and affected the resulting percentage of loss of protective sensation.ConclusionsIntrasite monofilament placement can significantly affect monofilament test results and the diagnosis of loss of protective sensation. A model that corrects the effect of random intrasite placement is needed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear Heterometallic Co3Li2 and Co4Li2 Siloxides: Precursors for the Plasma Synthesis of Adsorbent Materials
Authors: Ehle Sophie , Brüser Volker , Lorenz Volker , Hrib Cristian G. , Saulich Katja , Müller Siegfried , Quade Antje , Edelmann Frank T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNew linear heterometallic Co3Li2 and Co4Li2 arrays have been assembled with the use of disiloxanediolate and silsesquioxane ligands. Treatment of anhydrous CoCl2 with in situ‐prepared (Ph2SiOLi)2O afforded (thf)Co[Co{μ‐(Ph2SiO)2O}{(μ‐Cl)2Li(thf)2}]2 (5) as dark blue prisms in 73 % yield, while the analogous reaction of CoCl2 with in situ‐prepared Cy7Si7O9(OLi)3 (Cy = cyclohexyl) gave royal blue [Co2(μ‐Cy7Si7O12)(μ‐OSiMe3)(μ‐Cl){Li(thf)2}2]2 (6) in 68 % yield. Both of the new compounds have been structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Plasma treatment of 5 was found to activate the surface by creating –C–O, –C=O, and –COO functionalities. An initial study revealed promising formaldehyde adsorption properties for the plasma‐treated material 5a.
An 17O NMR Study of Hydrolyzed NbV in Weakly Acidic and Basic Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Klemperer Walter G. , Marek Keith A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTime‐dependent 17O NMR spectra of basified decaniobate (Nb10O286–) solutions displayed intense resonances assigned to the well‐known protonated hexaniobate anion (Nb6O198–) and two other species identified as heptaniobate (Nb7O229–) and protonated tetracosaniobate (Nb24O7224–) anions. The decaniobate ion showed no sign of protonation from pH 6–10, in contrast with the hexaniobate ion which was protonated at doubly‐bridging oxygen sites when the pH was 10–13. Most (> 90 %) of the heptaniobate formed 1 h after basification was transformed into other species after 3 weeks. Tetracosaniobate was formed reversibly from decaniobate, but only when KOH, NaOH and [(CH3)4N]OH were employed; none was observed after basification with [(n‐C4H9)4N]OH. Moreover, far more tetracosaniobate was formed from KOH than from [(CH3)4N]OH. This effect was attributed to a tetracosaniobate cation binding site that binds K+ more readily than (CH3)4N+ but is too small to accommodate (n‐C4H9)4N+.
Two Locally Chiral Dysprosium Compounds with Salen‐Type Ligands That Show Slow Magnetic Relaxation Behavior
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Peng , Zhao Lang , Lin Shuang‐Yan , Xue Shufang , Tang Jinkui , Liu Zhiliang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTwo Dy compounds, [Dy4(μ4‐O)L2(C6H5COO)6]·3CH3OH (1) and [Dy2L(H2L)(teaH2)(o‐vanillin)(H2O)](ClO4)2·2CH3OH·H2O (2, teaH3 = triethanolamine), were assembled by the reactions of the salen‐type ligand N,N′‐bis(3‐methoxysalicylidene)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine (H2L) and different dysprosium salts and bases. These compounds show both local chirality and slow magnetic relaxation. The former is induced by an unprecedented coordination mode of the ligand H2L, in which the N2O2 pocket encapsulates one Dy ion. Compound 1, which has four Dy ions in distinct coordination environments, demonstrates the rare Dy4 tetrahedron motif supported by a central μ4‐O atom, which is akin to a chiral carbon atom in organic molecules, as revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. In contrast, the formation of 2, which shows an unusual structural motif with a tail, is driven by the presence of triethanolamine. In spite of the low‐symmetry coordination geometry around each Dy ion, both compounds display slow magnetic relaxation behavior, but with fast quantum tunneling relaxation, as indicated by alternating current (ac) susceptibility measurements.
5‐Substituted (1‐Thiolan‐2‐yl)cytosines as Inhibitors of A. aeolicus and E. coli IspE Kinases: Very Different Affinities to Similar Substrate‐Binding Sites
Authors: Schütz Andri P. , Locher Sebastian , Bernet Bruno , Illarionov Boris , Fischer Markus , Bacher Adelbert , Diederich François 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe enzymes of the non‐mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis are potential new targets for the development of selective drugs for the treatment of important infectious diseases. This pathway is used by major human pathogens, such as Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but not by humans. The fourth enzyme in the pathway is the kinase IspE, and we report here the development and biological evaluation of new ligands for this enzyme from Escherichia coli and Aquifex aeolicus species as model systems for the pathogenic enzymes. The study focuses on analysis of the methylerythritol pocket of the 4‐diphosphocytidyl‐2‐C‐methyl‐D‐erythritol binding site. A series of 5‐substituted 1‐(thiolan‐2‐yl)cytosines with increasingly polar substituents were synthesized, opting for possible water‐replacements in that sub‐pocket as well as a high water‐solubility of the ligands. In vitro studies showed IC50 values in the micromolar range against E. coli IspE, but, unexpectedly, no inhibition against A. aeolicus IspE within the measurement range of the biological tests.
Detailed study of distribution patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and isocyanates under different fire conditions
Authors: Blomqvist Per , McNamee Margaret Simonson , Stec Anna A. , Gylestam Daniel , Karlsson Daniel 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis study has examined the distribution patterns between gas phase and particle phase of some chemical compounds produced in fires. It has also addressed the question of the distribution of individual particle‐associated species between the different size‐ranges of particles. The chemical compounds studied and discussed in this paper are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and isocyanates.The steady‐state tube furnace, ISO/TS 19700, was chosen as the physical fire model in order to study the production of particles from different types of fire exposure, that is, oxidative pyrolysis, well‐ventilated flaming fires and under‐ventilated flaming post‐flashover fires.Two materials were chosen for investigation, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) carpet and a wood board. The particle production from the two materials investigated varied concerning both the amounts produced and the particle size distributions.The analysis of PAHs showed that volatile PAHs were generally dominant. However, when the toxicity of the individual species was taken into account, the relative importance between volatile and particle‐associated PAHs shifted the dominance to particle‐bound PAH for both materials.The substantial degradation in the tests of the low polyurethane content of the PVC carpet, and the (4,4′‐methylenediphenyl diisocyanate)‐based binder in the wood board resulted in no or very small amount of quantifiable diisocyanates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calibration of flow rate in cone calorimeter tests
Authors: Guillaume Eric , Marquis Damien , Saragoza Laurent 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe cone calorimeter is one of the major fire tests. The measurement method is based on the evaluation of mass flow and oxygen concentration of fire effluents to calculate heat release rate. Different studies highlighted that the governing parameter for uncertainty at important values of heat release rate was the characteristic constant of an orifice plate used to measure mass flow (C‐factor). This parameter is usually determined each testing day by oxygen consumption calorimetry with a reference methane burner. This publication presents a calibration method for volumetric flow rate without using orifice plate and then an extension to C‐factor determination without methane burner and calorimetry. The uncertainty calculation applied to a real example highlights the fact that the method is suitable to respect tolerance of standardized test conditions for both parameters. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivity of the human hemoglobin “Dark side”
Authors: Ascenzi Paolo , Leboffe Loris , Polticelli Fabio 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSummary: Ligand binding to the heme distal side is a paradigm of biochemistry. However, X‐ray crystallographic studies highlighted the possibility that O2 and NO2− may bind to the proximal heme side of ferrous human hemoglobin (Hb) α‐chains complexed with the α‐hemoglobin stabilizing protein and to ferric human hemoglobin β‐chains, respectively. Strikingly, the role generally played by the proximal HisF8 residue is played by the distal HisE7 side chain forming the trans axial ligand of the heme–Fe atom. This: i) brings to light that Hb may utilize both heme distal and proximal sides for ligand discrimination, ii) draws attention to the nonequivalence of α‐ and β‐chains, and iii) highlights the possibility that partially unfolded Hb derivatives may display transient ligand‐binding properties different from those of the native globin. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(2)121–126, 2013
Samoan Archaeology—A Review of research history
Authors: Martinsson‐Wallin Helene 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:Some aspects of prehistoric material culture of Samoa were described by Buck, Thompson and Freeman in 1920s‐60s, but archaeological work did not begin until 1957, initially by Jack Golson and Wal Ambrose. Work in American Samoa was conducted by Kikuchi in 1963 and continued by Emory and Sinoto in the mid 60's. Subsequent to the independence of Western Samoa, two archaeological programs under the leadership of Roger Green in the 1960s and Jesse Jennings in the 1970s respectively have laid a firm foundation for the understanding of Samoan prehistory from an archaeological point of view. Subsequent research in American Samoa has also added to this knowledge. This review describes some of the major findings and contributions of archaeological research in Samoa and discusses important theoretical and methodical issues for future research.
Apocalypse now (and avoid the rush): human dimensions of climate change in the Indo‐Pacific
Authors: LILLEY IAN 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis essay draws attention to a set of related alternatives to conventional archaeological approaches to climate change and cultural transformation. It canvasses concepts drawn from the ‘new ecology’, the study of societal vulnerability and from ‘political ecology’. The suggestion is that archaeologists focus on
change as a continuous variable
vulnerability to change as a ‘socio‐natural’ phenomenon resting on the robustness and resilience of relations between culture and nature, and
the effects on vulnerability of sociopolitical manipulation of access to natural resources.
Movement of ideas not materials: locally manufactured pottery on Mabuyag Island, Western Torres Strait
Authors: WRIGHT DUNCAN , DICKINSON WILLIAM 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe report a new site with locally made pottery on the Western Torres Strait island of Mabuyag (Mabuiag). The study uses petrographic and chronological results to reassess the antiquity of pottery in the region. It adds to knowledge which points to significant changes in the Torres Strait after 1700 BP.
Jomon sherds from Aomori, Japan, not Mele, Efate
Authors: DICKINSON WILLIAM R. , SHUTLER MARY ELIZABETH 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe presence of Japanese Jomon sherds from Aomori in an artefact collection from Vanuatu has been attributed alternately to Jomon voyaging or to adventitious mingling of artefacts of different proveniences. The paleoshoreline history of Efate indicates that the site where the Jomon sherds were purportedly collected was submerged during Jomon time, making introduction of the sherds into Vanuatu by Jomon voyagers implausible. The anomalous sherds were probably taken directly from Japan to Paris, and inadvertently introduced there into the Vanuatu collection.
Towards a Late Holocene archaeology of the Inland Pilbara
Authors: RYAN IAN , MORSE KATE 
Published: January 2013

AbstractStone artefact scatters dominate the archaeological landscape of the inland Pilbara. While the archaeological record from rockshelter sites suggests human occupation consisting of brief, intermittent visits by small groups of people, artefact scatters which range from small, discrete single flaking events of perhaps 5–10 artefacts to widespread and varied scatters, sometimes of hundreds of thousands of stone artefacts extending over hundreds of thousands of square metres, clearly tell a different story. This paper presents an analysis of stone artefact assemblages from nine inland Pilbara surface artefact scatters and demonstrates that sites of this type have the potential to contribute much to our knowledge of human occupation of the region. We propose a testable model of Aboriginal occupation of the Pilbara during the Holocene.
Dating the Dreaming: extinct fauna in the petroglyphs of the Pilbara region, Western Australia
Authors: MULVANEY KEN 
Published: January 2013

AbstractExamples of striped marsupial depictions have been reported from both the coastal and inland Pilbara. Many are regarded as images of the thylacine, an animal that disappeared from mainland Australia some 3000–4000 years ago. Also observable in the rock art is the ‘fat‐tailed macropod’, a distinctive rendition of a marsupial with an extremely thick tail. Recent investigations in the Tom Price area and on the Burrup Peninsula confirm that both motifs pertain to the more ancient rock art corpus. Restricted artistic variation within the depiction of these two species confirms the trend to naturalistic style within animal subjects and suggests a extensive, culturally cohesive, artistic tradition across the Pilbara during the Pleistocene and early Holocene.At two specific locations, aspects of the rock art may be explained in terms of contemporary oral traditions and cultural practices, affording one way of placing temporal parameters on these early graphic traditions. I argue that the rock art is not just representational; that it communicates mythological narratives and behavioural traits, which have a deep antiquity to the Dreaming of more than just a few thousand years.
The Silent Missiles of Guadalcanal: Magic as Rhetoric in the Sandline Controversy
Authors: Ryniker David C. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIn February of 1997, Sir Julius Chan, then Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, hired mercenaries from the Sandline Corporation to help fight the Bougainville Revolutionary Army. This act would create a distinct controversy in PNG, with the firing of the head of the PNGDF, General Singirok, a threatened coup d'etat, followed by public protests in Port Moresby and the eventual resignation of Chan. While these events were taking place, I was conducting field work in neighbouring Solomon Islands, specifically in Guadalcanal. The Vaturanga, among whom I lived during this period, took an especial interest in this controversy. They even believed that they themselves were playing a part in it, through forms of magic or sorcery, known locally as riana pupuku and poke sosolo. Guadalcanal has been renowned for its sorcery for many decades. But with modernization and its attendant institutions and patterns, these and other forms of magic have been reinterpreted by the Vaturanga and used as a sort of commentary about the economic, social and political changes they have experienced. This work explores the transnational aspects of the Sandline Controversy from the perspective of Guadalcanal Islanders and probes how this consciousness would play a role in the emergence of conflict in Guadalacanal eighteen months later.
A Longitudinal Study of Engineering Student Performance and Retention: I. Success and Failure in the Introductory Course
Authors: Felder Richard M. , Forrest Krista D. , Baker‐Ward Lynne , Dietz E. Jacquelin , Mohr Phyllis H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA profile of 124 students enrolled in an introductory chemical engineering course has been assembled. The information collected includes data on family and educational backgrounds, profiles on the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator and the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory, and responses to a questionnaire regarding attitudes and expectations. Student performance in the introductory course was correlated with the assessment data. The results suggest several significant predictors of success or failure in the introductory course, and by extension, in the chemical engineering curriculum.
Designing a Senior Capstone Course to Satisfy Industrial Customers
Authors: Todd Robert H. , Sorensen Carl D. , Magleby Spencer P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIt is sometimes forgotten that industry is an important customer of engineering education. Ignoring this relationship has produced graduates that often fail to meet the changing needs of industry in today's competitive environment. On the basis of feedback from our industrial customers, faculty from Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Engineering at Brigham Young University have jointly developed a new senior capstone design course entitled “Integrated Product and Process Design.” This new capstone course is centered on industrial design and manufacturing projects. These projects involve both product and process design activities. Multidisciplinary teams of students are taught a structured development approach to produce typical industrial deliverables. These deliverables include a functional specification, product and process design, prototype, and first production sample. This paper identifies changing industrial needs, describes how the course was designed to meet these needs, and presents results from the initial offerings of the course.
Striving for Balance: A Hundred Years of the American Society for Engineering Education
Authors: Reynolds Terry S. , Seely Bruce E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the history of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) from its founding in 1893 to the present. The authors see two major continuities in the organization's hundred year history: the search for methods of improving classroom instruction and the pursuit of national recognition as the spokesman for engineering education. An organization concerned with classroom teaching draws its strength from the ranks of teaching faculty; an organization seeking national visibility must draw its leaders from administrators, especially deans. ASEE's history is viewed as an continuing effort to balance these two broad purposes within a single organization.
Attributes of Engineering Graduates and Their Impact on Curriculum Design
Authors: Evans D. L. , Beakley G. C. , Crouch P. E. , Yamaguchi G. T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper presents the findings of an Engineering Curriculum Task Force of the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Arizona State University. The Task Force's charge was to explore changes that would better prepare baccalaureate‐level engineers for the practice of their profession in the next decade. The generic data developed in the process used by the Task Force are given here. For example, a set of ten important attributes deemed desirable for newly graduated engineers and produced by education, is presented. Also, the rankings by industry, alumni, students, and faculty, of the relative importance of each of these ten attributes and the performance of new graduates in each, are given. Generic curriculum features necessary for successful generation of these attributes are discussed. Finally, the results of an alumni survey are presented which show the overwhelming support for a broad‐based undergraduate program by graduates of all degree programs.
A Survey of Engineering Education Outside the United States: Implications for the Ideal Engineering Program
Authors: Dorato Peter , Abdallah Chaouki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractUndergraduate engineering programs in fourteen countries are surveyed to determine the status of engineering education outside the United States and to analyze the implications for the ideal engineering program of the future here in the United States. The items surveyed include the number of years required to obtain an engineering degree, title of the engineering degree, high school preparation for engineering programs, cost of education, completion rates for engineering degrees, entrance requirements, mathematical requirements, and support for laboratory work. The most notable aspects of engineering education outside the United States are:
Stronger high school preparation and requirements in mathematics and science
Longer period of time required for an engineering degree
Advanced level of mathematics required in engineering programs
Low cost of education
It appears that in most countries engineering education is more intense and rigorous than in the United States. In formulating the ideal engineering program of the future we must be sensitive to competing programs in the rest of the world.
The Advance Toward Distinction in Engineering Technology
Authors: Weese John , Wolf Lawrence J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper traces the development of engineering technology from bifurcation to the present time. They assert that ET desires to be distinguished more than it seeks to be distinct. This analysis of the successes and failures of bifurcation lead to a differentiation between engineering technology's being distinct as a discipline and becoming distinguished in its own right. They offer some conjecture about the bright future of ET as a partner with science and engineering in an atmosphere of increased technological development but intense international competition.