bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The New Environment for Compensation and Performance Evaluation in the Public Sector
Authors: Hyde Albert C. 
Published: July 2015

“The question comes to mind as to whether or not many civil service agencies have been facing the facts of life. The place of the agency in the administrative structure of government tends to insulate it against many types of problems, but any deficiencies in pay policy may not be so explained. The current difficulties resulting from such deficiencies may be attributed in part to a situation which the agency itself probably helped create—the mores of public personnel administration. One of these mores is that various classes of employees should work for less money in the public service than they might be able to command elsewhere… The actual amount of compensation paid is generally a major determinent of whether or not a governmental unit attracts high-grade applicants and retains them in service after employment. Therefore, it is time that greater attention be given to rates of pay prevailing in the sources of recruitment for the public service. It is time that more consideration be given to the salaries paid by competitors for the services of trained employees. It is time that programs be inaugurated which translate such facts into action, that removes inequities from public pay schedules”
Ability Testing in the 1980's and Beyond: Some Major Trends
Authors: Anastasi Anne 
Published: July 2015

This article is the complete text of the keynote address delivered at the 1989 International Personnel Management Association Assessment Council Conference, held in Orlando, Florida. In this article, Anastasi discusses the magnitude of changes in psychological testing and the rapidity of their development. She described trends taking place in three categories: the role of the test user, technical methodology of test construction, and substantive interpretation of test scores. The focus on the test user emphasizes efforts to correct the misuses of tests by unqualified persons in education, industry, clinical practice, and other applied settings. Anastasi reviews the importance of test users having knowledge about the statistical properties of test scores, the psychological characteristics of the behavior assessed, and confirmatory data from other sources, in order to make an adequately informed sustantive interpretation of test scores. The increasing emphasis on qualified test users has in no way diminished the concern for psychometrically sound instruments. Anastasi outlines approaches to the development of valid tests through multiple procedures, which are employed sequentially, at different stages of test construction. Several examples describe special techniques for local validation purposes. The contribution of validity generalization, item response theory, and adaptive testing are reviewed. Subjective interpretation of test scores requires knowledge about the behavior domain assessed by the test. Many current misuses and misinterpretations of test scores result from erroneous or outdated knowledge about human behavior. Proper interpretation of test scores are examined in relation to real-life contexts—both past and present—within the framework of cultural diversity.
Perceived Importance and Usage of Dress Codes among Organizations That Market Professional Services
Authors: Easterling Cynthia R. , Leslie Judith E. , Jones Michael A. 
Published: July 2015

A survey was conducted to investigate the nature and use of employee dress codes of organizations that market professional services. The study sample consisted of personnel administrators employed in selected service organizations that are members of the American Society of Personnel Administrators; the total sample included 1000 administrators. The analysis of responses revealed that dress is important in marketing services and that compliance to a dress code is a criterion for employee performance evaluation. While most administrators agreed that dress is a significant factor in their companies' success, few organizations had formal written dress codes; dress codes are most often communicated orally. Traditions in the professions, the expectations of customers, Chief Executive Officers of the organizations, and past experiences were the factors that dominate the development of dress codes. On the question of dress code requirements for male vs. female employees, the study revealed that more service organizations specify dress for males than for females. For traditional business attire, comparing the dress codes of the different service organizations revealed several significant relationships.
A Comparison of Factor Weighting Methods in Job Evaluation: Implications for Compensation Systems
Authors: Davis Kermit R. , Sauser William I. 
Published: July 2015

Job evaluation has received a great deal of attention recently, in part because of its potential role in the gender-related pay equity issue. Investigators have been particularly interested in such psychometric characteristics of job evaluation instruments and plans such as reliability, gender bias, construct validity, and predictive accuracy. One aspect of job evaluation methodology that could directly affect compensation systems is the weighting of factors in scoring jobs. However, very little information exists in the compensation literature about the differential effects of alternative weighting methods or the psychometric parameters that may contribute to such differences. The present article reviews past psychometric research related to weighting, and presents evidence of the salary effects of four different weighting methods examined in an applied job evaluation setting. The study sample consisted of 52 jobs in a municipal government. The four weighting methods were: (1) an unweighted raw score composite, (2) equal unit weights, (3) committee-judgmental weights, and (4) multiple regression weights. Results indicated high agreement among the 4 methods in terms of ordinal rankings of the pay rates for the 52 jobs. However, when jobs were classified into pay grades using the alternative weighting models, distinct differences occurred. Particularly relevant was a finding that the weighting models differed in their relative impact on male and female dominated jobs. The article discusses generalizability issues and recommendations to practitioners concerning weighting methodology in job evaluation projects.
Assessing Employees' Emerging Elder Care Needs and Reactions to Dependent Care Benefits
Authors: Kossek Ellen Ernst , DeMarr Beverly J. , Backman Kirsten , Kollar Mark 
Published: July 2015

This article explores employees' emerging elder care needs and their reactions to two currently adopted dependent care benefits, a dependent care spending account and the leave of absence program. Survey data was collected from employees in several public service organizations (a utility, a branch of the American Red Cross, and a not for profit hospital). Experiencing problems with elder care arrangements was related to having negative attitudes regarding managing work and elder care responsibilities and increased likelihood of missing work. Exploratory analysis revealed that demographic variables such as gender, household employment configuration, adult living arrangements, and form of adult dependent care used were related to variation in the extent that employees experienced elder care problems, and their elder care related attitudes and absenteeism. While the group of employees who presently need assistance is small, about one third of total respondents (35%) indicated that they expect to have elder dependents in the future. Employees' evaluation of existing dependent care benefits, a flexible spending account and an unpaid leave of absence program showed that while these programs were perceived to be somewhat effective, users felt that improvements in their communication and implementation were needed. Employees who were managers or male were significantly more likely to hold more positive attitudes regarding the effectiveness of the leave of absence program than those who were nonmanagers or female. Nonmanagers tended to use the dependent care account to a significantly lower degree than managers. A rank ordering of present and potential employee benefits revealed sick care as the top preference for employer assistance.
Drug Screening in the Public Sector: A Focus on Law Enforcement
Authors: Daley Dennis M. , Ellis Curtis L. 
Published: July 2015

The academic and legal literature has clearly established a set of policies suited for inclusion in a comprehensive drug screening program. The employment of urinanalysis, random drug tests, reasonable suspicion tests, and chain of custody procedures are mixed with employee safeguards such as test interpretation by medical review officers, analysis in NIDA certified labs, and confirmatory tests for initial positive results. This paper provides a two-fold, empirical examination of those policies. First, the International Association of Directors of Law Enforcement Standards and Testing were surveyed. The IADLEST members' recommendations represent the standards that law enforcement agencies in each state would consider as their most appropriate professional guidelines. Inasmuch as they fall short of what the literature recommends (and they do in regard to a number of items), it is unlikely that individual police departments would find either the support or courage for recommending stronger policies. Second, a North Carolina survey examines the implementation of these recommendations by municipalities in one of the more advanced states included in the IADLEST survey. In general, municipal police departments are found to follow the North Carolina Criminal Justice Standards Division's recommendations.
Deontological Dimensions of Administrative Ethics, Revisited
Authors: Chandler Ralph Clark 
Published: July 2015

The administrator is always to some extent an initiator of values, partly as a representative of some interest group or groups, but also independently, in his own right. He can never by completely governed by others, and, as a matter of fact, he has considerable latitude of choice before the consequences of his decisions will bring reactions that threaten survival. — Simon, Smithberg, and Thompson, Public Administration, 1950 Administrative procedures are more important in effectuating the basic principles of government than is substantive law. — David M. Levitan, “Political Ends and Administrative Means,” Public Administration Review, 1943.
Cladribine and cytarabine in refractory multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis: results of an international phase 2 study
Authors: Donadieu Jean , Bernard Frederic , van Noesel Max , Barkaoui Mohamed , Bardet Odile , Mura Rosella , Arico Maurizio , Piguet Christophe , Gandemer Virginie , Armari Alla Corinne , Clausen Niels , Jeziorski Eric , Lambilliote Anne , Weitzman Sheila , Henter Jan Inge , Van Den Bos Cor ,   the Salvage Group of the Histiocyte Society
Published: July 2015

Key Points
Patients with LCH, risk organs, refractory to standard VBL-steroid regimen have a poor survival, ∼30%. In a phase 2 study, with 5 years’ median follow-up, cladribine and Ara-C was shown to improve the survival up to 85% for this group.
China invests two times as much as USA on honey bee research
Authors: Xie Xianbing , Luo Shudong , Huang Zachary 
Published: July 2015

Honey bees are in no doubt the most beneficial insects to humans due to their widespread use for pollination of our crops. In this paper we compare the recent investment into honey bee research in China and USA. We show that China has invested more heavily into honey bee research than USA since 2007. The recent funding increase promised by the White House Pollinator Task Force, hopefully, will reduce the funding gap between the two countries.
Audit Staff in the Personnel Management System of the Organization (Lecture 5)
Authors: Митрофанова  , Mitrofanova Elena 
Published: July 2015

This article continues the abstract of lectures on discipline «Economics of personnel management» for bachelor degree programme.
The article reveals the essence and purpose of audit personnel and the personnel management system. The basic directions of audit staff. The content of the
principles of audit staff, the characteristic of the methods of audit staff. Consistently shown the content of the main stages of audit personnel and the personnel
management system: phase of goal setting, the preparatory stage, the stage of analysis and evaluation of the personnel management system for a certain
period or in dynamics, the stage of formation of a set of recommendations for improving the system of personnel management. Keywords: audit staff, the
direction of audit staff, audit personnel, personnel management, methods, audit staff, audit staff, audit report.
Avaliando o impacto atual e futuro de um pólo gerador de tráfego na dimensão de uma rede viária abrangente
Authors: Cybis Helena Beatriz Bettella , Lindau Luis Antonio , Araújo Davi Ribeiro Campos de 
Published: July 2015

<p>Tradicionalmente, os estudos de impactos de pólos comerciais geradores de tráfego tendem a se limitar a trechos viários no entorno dos empreendimentos. Esse artigo desenvolve uma metodologia para avaliar o impacto de um complexo}' composto por várias atividades incluindo um shopping center, na dimensão de uma rede viária abrangente e em cenários futuros caracterizados pelo adensamento urbano em termos de uso e ocupação do solo em bairros periféricos ao empreendimento. São também apresentados resultados obtidos com a aplicação da metodologia, particularmente aqueles que geraram subsídios para a reavaliação do plano de desenvolvimento viário da zona sul da cidade de Porto Alegre.</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Studies of traffic impacts generated by new commercial developments tend to focus on road sections located at their very immediate vicinity. This paper proposes a methodology capable of evaluating the impacts of a commercial complex, composed by several activities including a shopping center, in the context of a wider road network. Future scenarios, defined by increasing urban densities of surrounding neighborhoods, are also subject to analysis. The paper also presents results obtained from the application of the methodology, particularly those that generated subsidies to the re-evaluation of the road network in the southern part of Porto Alegre.</p><p> </p>
PrEP implementation: moving from trials to policy and practice
Authors: Cáceres Carlos F , O'Reilly Kevin R , Mayer Kenneth H , Baggaley Rachel 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionIt is increasingly clear that the HIV response will not be sustainable if the number of infections is not significantly reduced.DiscussionFor two decades, research has been ongoing to identify new behavioural and biomedical strategies to prevent HIV infection. In the past few years, the efficacy of several new strategies has been demonstrated, including oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP; i.e. daily use of tenofovir/emtricitabine). Because several social, political and logistic barriers remain, however, optimal PrEP implementation will require a better dissemination of new evidence in a number of areas and additional implementation research from various disciplinary perspectives (i.e. social science, policy and ethics; health systems; and economics, including cost‐effectiveness studies). Discussion of new evidence on those topics, as well as case studies of potential PrEP implementation in diverse environments, can improve the understanding of the role that PrEP may play in addressing the global HIV/AIDS epidemic.In light of these needs, the Network for Multidisciplinary Studies in ARV‐based HIV Prevention (NEMUS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) were honoured to co‐organize a special issue of JIAS aimed at contributing to a scholarly discussion of current conditions surrounding PrEP implementation, potential impact and efficiency, social science concerns and the study of PrEP implementation in specific country cases. The papers included in this monograph identify and cover many of the main aspects of the complex yet promising discussions around PrEP implementation today.ConclusionsThis is a collection of timely contributions from global leaders in HIV research and policy that addresses geographic diversity, uses a trans‐disciplinary approach and covers a variety of the complex issues raised by PrEP. As this publication will become accessible to all, we hope that it will remain a valuable resource for policy makers, programme managers, researchers and activists around the world at a moment of a paradigm shift of the global response to HIV.
Modification of the Hall physics in magnetic reconnection due to cold ions at the Earth's magnetopause
Authors: Toledo‐Redondo S. , Vaivads A. , André M. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMagnetic reconnection is a process permitting mass and energy exchange across plasma boundaries and converting magnetic energy into particle kinetic energy. Strong electric fields and currents due to the Hall effect are set up in narrow regions where ions are demagnetized but electrons remain magnetized. It has been recently shown that cold (few eV) ions are abundant or even dominate the Earth's magnetosphere, but most of the previous reconnection studies do not account for this population. These cold ions remain magnetized down to smaller length scales than the hot ions, introducing a new scale into the system. In addition, the Hall currents are partially canceled by magnetized cold ions. We use observations by the Cluster spacecraft at the Earth's magnetopause to verify that when a mixture of ions of very different temperatures is present in reconnecting plasmas, the microphysics related to the Hall effect is significantly modified.
Spatial and temporal trends in freshwater appropriation for natural gas development in Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale Play
Authors: Barth‐Naftilan Erica , Aloysius Noel , Saiers James E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe characterize the appropriation of surface water for the extraction of natural gas from Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale, and we examine the influences of these diversions on stream flows at 300 sites. Our analysis reveals that permitted withdrawals range from 50 m3/d to more than 18,000 m3/d and that water is taken from streams of all sizes, from headwater streams to eighth‐order rivers. Flow alteration varies inversely with watershed area and, for larger streams, is compounded by upstream withdrawals. The ratio of daily permitted withdrawal to median stream flow ranges from 0.0001 to unity, although low flows in most, but not all, smaller streams are protected by pass‐by flow requirements. Temporal changes in surface water withdrawals track gas well completion activity, rather than changes in operational strategies, and while reuse of wastewater has increased since 2009, freshwater accounted for 75% of water used in hydraulic fracturing through the peak in gas well completion activity.
Machine‐Assisted Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ley Steven V. , Fitzpatrick Daniel E. , Myers Rebecca M. , Battilocchio Claudio , Ingham Richard. J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this Review we describe how the advent of machines is impacting on organic synthesis programs, with particular emphasis on the practical issues associated with the design of chemical reactors. In the rapidly changing, multivariant environment of the research laboratory, equipment needs to be modular to accommodate high and low temperatures and pressures, enzymes, multiphase systems, slurries, gases, and organometallic compounds. Additional technologies have been developed to facilitate more specialized reaction techniques such as electrochemical and photochemical methods. All of these areas create both opportunities and challenges during adoption as enabling technologies.
Construction of new synthetic biology tools for the control of gene expression in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002
Authors: Zess Erin K. , Begemann Matthew B. , Pfleger Brian F. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPredictive control of gene expression is an essential tool for developing synthetic biological systems. The current toolbox for controlling gene expression in cyanobacteria is a barrier to more in‐depth genetic analysis and manipulation. Towards relieving this bottleneck, this work describes the use of synthetic biology to construct an anhydrotetracycline‐based induction system and adapt a trans‐acting small RNA (sRNA) system for use in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. An anhydrotetracycline‐inducible promoter was developed to maximize intrinsic strength and dynamic range. The resulting construct, PEZtet, exhibited tight repression and a maximum 32‐fold induction upon addition of anhydrotetracycline. Additionally, a sRNA system based on the Escherichia coli IS10 RNA‐IN/OUT regulator was adapted for use in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. This system exhibited 70% attenuation of target gene expression, providing a demonstration of the use of sRNAs for differential gene expression in cyanobacteria. These systems were combined to produce an inducible sRNA system, which demonstrated 59% attenuation of target gene expression. Lastly, the role of Hfq, a critical component of sRNA systems in E. coli, was investigated. Genetic studies showed that the Hfq homolog in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 did not impact repression by the engineered sRNA system. In summary, this work describes new synthetic biology tools that can be applied to physiological studies, metabolic engineering, or sRNA platforms in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 424–432. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CF Activation in Perfluorinated Arenes with Isonitriles under UV‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Dewanji Abhishek , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Bergander Klaus , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDue to the great value of fluorinated arenes in agrochemistry, medicinal chemistry and materials science, development of methods for preparation of fluorinated arenes is of high importance. They can be either accessed by arene fluorination or by partial arene defluorination. However, the carbonfluorine bond belongs to the strongest σ‐bonds, which renders CF activation highly challenging. Here it is shown that aryl and alkyl isonitriles efficiently activate the strong CF bond in perfluoroarenes by simple UV irradiation under mild conditions. Reactions proceed by formal direct insertion of the isonitrile into the CF bond without any transition metal. Activation occurs at arene CF bonds whereas aliphatic CF bonds remain unreacted. For selected perfluoroarenes CF activation occurs with high regioselectivity and resulting imidoyl fluorides are transformed into other valuable compounds. Theoretical studies give insights into the reaction mechanism.