bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding the differential diagnosis of fetal hydrops: an unusual prenatal presentation of megalencephaly‐capillary malformation syndrome
Authors: Swarr Daniel T. , Khalek Nahla , Treat James , Horton Margaret A. , Mirzaa Ghayda M. , Riviere Jean‐Baptiste , Dobyns William B. , Zackai Elaine H. 
Published: June 2013

What's already known about this topic?

Megalencephaly‐capillary malformation (MCAP) syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by growth dysregulation, central nervous system and vascular anomalies, and distal limb malformations. Disruption of PI3K‐AKT signaling has recently been implicated as the cause of MCAP.What does this study add?

This study reports a case of MCAP with bilateral pleural effusions and fetal hydrops managed with thoracoamniotic shunt placement, highlights characteristic features of MCAP that may facilitate prenatal diagnosis, and discusses the possibility of prenatal molecular diagnosis in future cases.
Factors Influencing Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) and Diacetone Diperoxide (DADP) Formation: Part 2
Authors: Oxley Jimmie C. , Smith James L. , Steinkamp Lucus , Zhang Guang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA comprehensive mechanistic study regarding acetone peroxides reveals that water has a profound effect on the formation of the solid cyclic peroxides, TATP, and DADP. The identification and rate of occurrence of reaction intermediates as well as compositions of the final products offer explanation for previously reported results indicating that acid type and hydrogen peroxide concentration affect the acid catalyzed reaction between acetone and hydrogen peroxide. A kinetics study of the decomposition of TATP revealed the effects of water and alcohols. They generally retard conversion of TATP to DADP and lead to complete decomposition of TATP by acid. A mechanism is proposed for the production of TATP and DADP.
Fragmentation of deprotonated polyethylene glycols, [PEG – H]–
Authors: Hester Thomas H. , Castillo Daniel E. , Goebbert Daniel J. 
Published: June 2013

RATIONALEPolyethylene glycols (PEGs) are soluble molecules utilized in a wide range of applications. Mass spectrometry and fragmentation patterns of positively charged PEG oligomers are well‐known, but decomposition mechanisms of the deprotonated ions have not been studied.METHODSDeprotonated PEGs were generated by electrospray ionization of PEG in water/acetonitrile. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments were carried out in a tandem mass spectrometer. The anions were studied using a tandem mass spectrometer to carry out CID experiments. A series of small PEG oligomers, with 1 to 8 monomer units, were studied in order to monitor size‐dependent effects on fragmentation reactions.RESULTSBecause deprotonated PEG ions have a unique charge site, their dissociation pathways can easily be monitored. The ions fragment by loss of C2H4O monomer units, with an alternating intensity pattern that suggests the loss of an even number of monomer units is favored. Smaller oligomers and oligomer fragments also yielded fragments corresponding to H2 elimination and H2O loss. H2 elimination occurs by the generation of a hydride ion which deprotonates an alcohol upon leaving, while dehydration appears to be a charge‐remote process.CONCLUSIONSThe fragmentation of deprotonated PEG is dominated by intramolecular SN2 reactions involving the terminal oxide anion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human centric security policy and management design for small and medium business
Authors: Kim Yanghoon , Chang Hangbae 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAs companies' core technologies are integrated with IT to computerize, they are leaked out at ease. In addition, means of technology leakage are changed from technical leakage to personal one by people. This technology leakage has led to the increase in the estimate and frequency of damages to companies year after year. To exploit core technologies owned by companies to ensure sustainable growth, it should make effort to improve security levels from various perspectives at the same time. Therefore, this paper designed a model to measure security levels of small and medium business and a human centric security policy. In detail, it measured the security status and level of small and medium business by designing a conceptual system for measuring security levels and analyzing empirically. In addition, it analyzed results of measuring the levels in depth to design a human centric security policy for enhancing the security level of companies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical and Numerical Simulation of the Continuous Annealing of DP Steel Strips
Authors: Pietrzyk Maciej , Kuziak Roman , Radwański Krzysztof , Szeliga Danuta 
Published: June 2013

AbstractManufacturing of dual phase (DP) steels products is a complex process. Application of special thermal cycles during continuous annealing is one of the methods of obtaining DP microstructures. Development and validation of the numerical model for the continuous annealing of DP steels was the objective of the paper. Experimental part include dilatometric tests and physical simulations of various thermal cycles characteristic for the continuous annealing. The former were combined with the inverse analysis and were used for identification of the model. The latter supplied data regarding microstructure and properties after various annealing cycles. Numerical tests of the model confirmed its good predictive capabilities.
Centralization of Services and Reduction of Adverse Events in Pancreatic Cancer Surgery
Authors: Young Jamie , Thompson Alistair , Tait Iain , Waugh Lynsey , McPhillips Gillian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe perioperative period is critical in the outcome for patients with pancreatic cancer. The aim of the present analysis was to examine adverse events in patients dying under surgical care in relation to changes in the organization of pancreatic cancer surgery.MethodsFrom 1996 to 2005, 1,033 patients with pancreatic cancer, mean age of 71 years (range 21–97 years) died under surgical care. The incidence, mortality, and number of operations for pancreatic cancer remained stable across the time period, but the proportion of patients undergoing surgery in the five specialist cancer centers increased from 50 to 80 % (p < 0.001). Prior to death 260 (25 %) patients underwent operation and 96 (9 %) had endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). There was a significant rise in ERCP (p = 0.03) and a decrease in non‐resectional operations (p = 0.001).ResultsSince 1996, 52 (15 %) patients in whom 90 adverse events were recorded died following surgical intervention: 28 adverse events related to the perioperative period with 15 due to direct procedure complications such as bleeding or anastomotic leak; 13 were attributed to decision making around the choice or timing of the procedure. The postoperative mortality after curative pancreatic resection reduced from 3.5 to 1.8 %. Identified adverse events fell significantly in patients who died relating to the operative period (median of 3 per annum [1994–2000] to 1 per annum [2001–2005]) (p = 0.014) and medical care (3–0) (p = 0.003).ConclusionsContinuous peer review audit has demonstrated a reduction in the number of adverse events in patients dying with pancreatic cancer under surgical care as increased numbers of patients treated in specialist cancer centers.
Impact of an Acute Care Surgery Model with a Dedicated Daytime Operating Room on Outcomes and Timeliness of Care in Patients with Biliary Tract Disease
Authors: Lim David W. , Ozegovic Dejan , Khadaroo Rachel G. , Widder Sandy 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many acute care surgery (ACS) formats exist, the model established in 2006 at our academic, level 1 trauma center includes a dedicated daytime operating room. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect that an ACS model with a dedicated daytime operating suite would have on outcomes and timeliness of care in patients with biliary tract disease.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed on all patients with biliary tract disease admitted to the University of Alberta Hospital pre‐ and post‐ACS. Data collected included demographic information, medical diagnoses, procedures performed, and complications. Time points included the time from admission to operation, operative time, and length of hospital stay. Pre‐ and post‐ACS groups were compared with the Pearson Chi square test and Student’s t test (α = 0.05).ResultsThere were 72 patients pre‐ACS and 172 post‐ACS. The two groups had similar demographics and co‐morbidities. The post‐ACS group had a shorter time from admission to operation (34.1 vs 24.8 h; p < 0.05). There was a decrease in the number of patients awaiting daytime operating room availability (95.8 vs 60.7 %; p < 0.05), with most surgeries being done within a 24 h period versus patients waiting upwards of 3 days pre‐ACS.ConclusionsWe observed a significant decrease in preoperative time by 10 h with increased access to a readily available operating room. Having a dedicated ACS team is important, but it is equally important to have a dedicated operating room with disposable time to care for unpredictable, emergent cases to realize the full potential benefit of the ACS model.
Moffatt-type flows in a trihedral cone
Authors: Scott Julian F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe three-dimensional analogue of Moffatt eddies is derived for a corner formed by the intersection of three orthogonal planes. The complex exponents of the first few modes are determined and the flows resulting from the primary modes (those which decay least rapidly as the apex is approached and, hence, should dominate the near-apex flow) examined in detail. There are two independent primary modes, one symmetric, the other antisymmetric, with respect to reflection in one of the symmetry planes of the cone. Any linear combination of these modes yields a possible primary flow. Thus, there is not one, but a two-parameter family of such flows. The particle-trajectory equations are integrated numerically to determine the streamlines of primary flows. Three special cases in which the flow is antisymmetric under reflection lead to closed streamlines. However, for all other cases, the streamlines are not closed and quasi-periodic limiting trajectories are approached when the trajectory equations are integrated either forwards or backwards in time. A generic streamline follows the backward-time trajectory in from infinity, undergoes a transient phase in which particle motion is no longer quasi-periodic, before being thrown back out to infinity along the forward-time trajectory.
The stably stratified Taylor–Couette flow is always unstable except for solid-body rotation
Authors: Park Junho , Billant Paul 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe stability of the flow between two concentric cylinders is studied numerically and analytically when the fluid is stably stratified. We show that such flow is unstable when the angular velocity $\Omega (r)$ increases along the radial direction, a regime never explored before. The instability is highly non-axisymmetric and involves the resonance of two families of inertia–gravity waves like for the strato-rotational instability. The growth rate is maximum when only the outer cylinder is rotating and goes to zero when $\Omega (r)$ is constant. The sufficient condition for linear, inviscid instability derived previously, $\mathrm{d} {\Omega }^{2} / \mathrm{d} r\lt 0$, is therefore extended to $\mathrm{d} {\Omega }^{2} / \mathrm{d} r\not = 0$, meaning that only the regime of solid-body rotation is stable in stratified fluids. A Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin–Jeffreys (WKBJ) analysis in the inviscid limit, confirmed by the numerical results, shows that the instability occurs only when the Froude number is below a critical value and only for a particular band of azimuthal wavenumbers. It is also demonstrated that the instability originates from a reversal of the radial group velocity of the waves, or equivalently from a wave over-reflection phenomenon. The instability persists in the presence of viscous effects.
Spectral non-locality, absolute equilibria and Kraichnan–Leith–Batchelor phenomenology in two-dimensional turbulent energy cascades
Authors: Burgess B. H. , Shepherd T. G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe study the degree to which Kraichnan–Leith–Batchelor (KLB) phenomenology describes two-dimensional energy cascades in$\alpha $turbulence, governed by$\partial \theta / \partial t+ J(\psi , \theta )= \nu {\nabla }^{2} \theta + f$, where$\theta = {(- \Delta )}^{\alpha / 2} \psi $is generalized vorticity, and$\hat {\psi } (\boldsymbol{k})= {k}^{- \alpha } \hat {\theta } (\boldsymbol{k})$in Fourier space. These models differ in spectral non-locality, and include surface quasigeostrophic flow ($\alpha = 1$), regular two-dimensional flow ($\alpha = 2$) and rotating shallow flow ($\alpha = 3$), which is the isotropic limit of a mantle convection model. We re-examine arguments for dual inverse energy and direct enstrophy cascades, including Fjørtoft analysis, which we extend to general$\alpha $, and point out their limitations. Using an$\alpha $-dependent eddy-damped quasinormal Markovian (EDQNM) closure, we seek self-similar inertial range solutions and study their characteristics. Our present focus is not on coherent structures, which the EDQNM filters out, but on any self-similar and approximately Gaussian turbulent component that may exist in the flow and be described by KLB phenomenology. For this, the EDQNM is an appropriate tool. Non-local triads contribute increasingly to the energy flux as$\alpha $increases. More importantly, the energy cascade is downscale in the self-similar inertial range for$2. 5\lt \alpha \lt 10$. At$\alpha = 2. 5$and$\alpha = 10$, the KLB spectra correspond, respectively, to enstrophy and energy equipartition, and the triad energy transfers and flux vanish identically. Eddy turnover time and strain rate arguments suggest the inverse energy cascade should obey KLB phenomenology and be self-similar for$\alpha \lt 4$. However, downscale energy flux in the EDQNM self-similar inertial range for$\alpha \gt 2. 5$leads us to predict that any inverse cascade for$\alpha \geq 2. 5$will not exhibit KLB phenomenology, and specifically the KLB energy spectrum. Numerical simulations confirm this: the inverse cascade energy spectrum for$\alpha \geq 2. 5$is significantly steeper than the KLB prediction, while for$\alpha \lt 2. 5$we obtain the KLB spectrum.
Formation, growth and instability of vortex pairs in an axisymmetric stagnation flow
Authors: Wang Jinjun , Pan Chong , Choi Kwing-So , Gao Lei , Lian Qi-Xiang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe formation, growth and instability of a pair of counter-rotating vortices over a circular plate in the downstream of a thin fishing line were studied using particle image velocimetry and flow visualization. Initially, the vortex pair in an axisymmetric stagnation flow was small, but it grew steadily by accumulating the shear-layer vorticity of the wake before going through vortical instability. Two types of vortical development were observed in the present experiment. Type I was a common type of vortical development in an axisymmetric stagnation flow over a circular plate. Here, the circulation of the vortex pair increased linearly with time reflecting a constant flux of vorticity impinging on the plate wall. After the growth, the counter-rotating pair of vortices went through an antisymmetric deformation in the wall-normal direction while the vortex deformation was symmetric in the wall-parallel direction. This was remarkably similar to the short-wavelength elliptic instability of counter-rotating vortices in an open system. On the other hand, type II development of a vortex pair was a rare case, where the vortices grew for much longer duration than in type I cases. This initiated a breakdown of vortices before the residual vorticity moved away from the centre of the plate. It is considered that the disturbance due to vortical instability could be partially responsible for the unexpectedly high heat transfer rate in the stagnation region of bluff bodies that has been reported in the last half-century.
Size Ramsey Number of Bounded Degree Graphs for Games
Authors: GEBAUER HEIDI 
Published: June 2013

We study Maker/Breaker games on the edges ofsparsegraphs. Maker and Breaker take turns at claiming previously unclaimed edges of a given graphH. Maker aims to occupy a given target graphGand Breaker tries to prevent Maker from achieving his goal. We show that for everydthere is a constantc=c(d)with the property that for every graphGonnvertices of maximum degreedthere is a graphHon at mostcnedges such that Maker has a strategy to occupy a copy ofGin the game onH.This is a result about a game-theoretic variant of the size Ramsey number. For a given graphG,$\hat{r}'(G)$is defined as the smallest numberMfor which there exists a graphHwithMedges such that Maker has a strategy to occupy a copy ofGin the game onH. In this language, our result yields that for every connected graphGof constant maximum degree,$\hat{r}'(G) = \Theta(n)$.Moreover, we can also use our method to settle the corresponding extremal number foruniversalgraphs: for a constantdand for the class${\cal G}_{n}$ofn-vertex graphs of maximum degreed,$s({\cal G}_{n})$denotes the minimum number such that there exists a graphHwithMedges where, foreveryG∈${\cal G}_{n}$, Maker has a strategy to build a copy ofGin the game onH. We obtain that$s({\cal G}_{n}) = \Theta(n^{2 - \frac{2}{d}})$.
Electoral turnout in Muslim-majority states: A macro-level panel analysis
Authors: Stockemer Daniel , Khazaeli Susan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHigh voter turnout gives legitimacy to the political system and strengthens the stability of a country. Since voter turnout matters, it is important to determine which factors boost electoral participation. While there is a vast literature on turnout focusing on institutional, socio-economic, and contextual indicators, there appears to be a shortage of scholarship on the relationship between religion and turnout. In our study, we evaluate the impact of the Islamic religion on electoral participation. Drawing on a large dataset that incorporates all legislative elections worldwide from 1970 to 2010 and controlling for compulsory voting, the electoral system type, the decisiveness of the election, the competitiveness of the election, the size of the country, the regime type and development, we find that Muslim-majority countries have lower turnout rates than majority non-Muslim countries. We also find electoral participation to be lower in countries where Islamic tenets are more strongly entrenched in politics.
Risk factor clustering in patients with hypertension and non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. The Skaraborg Hypertension Project
Authors: Bøg‐Hansen E. , Lindblad U. , Bengtsson K. , Ranstam J. , Melander A. , Råstam L. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract.Bøg‐Hansen E, Lindblad U, Bengtsson K, Ranstam J, Melander A, Råstam L (Skara Health Care Center, Skara; Malmö University Hospital, Malmö; Skaraborg Institute, Skövde; The NEPI Foundation, Malmö and Stockholm; and National Public Health Institute, Stockholm; Sweden). Risk factor clustering in patients with hypertension and non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. The Skaraborg Hypertension Project.ObjectivesTo assess the coexistence of hypertension and diabetes, associations with cardiovascular risk factors and the achievement of current treatment goals.DesignA community‐based, cross‐sectional, observational study.SettingHypertension and diabetes outpatient clinics in primary health care, Skara, Sweden.SubjectsAll patients (n= 1116; 488 men, 628 women) who performed an annual follow‐up from May 1992 to September 1993.Main outcome measuresHypertension, non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), blood pressure, fasting B‐glucose, lipids, HbAlc, body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR).ResultsHypertension alone was found in 286 men and 430 women, hypertension and NIDDM combined in 102 men and 102 women, and NIDDM alone in 100 men and 96 women. Taking new cases into account, the proportion of hypertension among NIDDM patients was 57%, and the proportion of NIDDM among hypertensives was 26%. Men and women with both hypertension and NIDDM had a higher systolic blood pressure and women also had a higher diastolic blood pressure (men 168/88 mmHg, women 165/86 mmHg) than those with hypertension alone (men 152/87 mmHg, women 156/82 mmHg) (P≤ 0.001). Cardiovascular risk factors accumulated in patients with both hypertension and NIDDM (triglycerides, BMI and WHR). A diastolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg was achieved by 71% men and 84% women with hypertension. HbAlc <7.5% was attained by 71% men and 70% women with NIDDM.ConclusionsA considerable coexistence of hypertension and NIDDM was demonstrated. Cardiovascular risk factors clustered in patients with both diseases and their blood pressure was less controlled. These patients thus comprised a clinically defined group at high risk. By current guidelines, control of hypertension and NIDDM seemed appropriate.
Micro-Raman investigations of InN-GaN core-shell nanowires on Si (111) substrate
Authors: Sangeetha P. , Jeganathan K. , Ramakrishnan V. 
Published: June 2013

The electron-phonon interactions in InN-GaN core-shell nanowires grown by plasma assisted- molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on Si (111) substrate have been analysed using micro-Raman spectroscopic technique with the excitation wavelength of 633, 488 and 325 nm. The Raman scattering at 633 nm reveals the characteristic E2 (high) and A1 (LO) phonon mode of InN core at 490 and 590 cm−1 respectively and E2 (high) phonon mode of GaN shell at 573 cm−1. The free carrier concentration of InN core is found to be low in the order ∼ 1016 cm−3 due to the screening of charge carriers by thin GaN shell. Diameter of InN core evaluated using the spatial correlation model is consistent with the transmission electron microscopic measurement of ∼15 nm. The phonon-life time of core-shell nanowire structure is estimated to be ∼0.4 ps. The micro-Raman mapping and its corresponding localised spectra for 325 nm excitation exhibit intense E2 (high) phonon mode of GaN shell at 573 cm−1 as the decrease of laser interaction length and the signal intensity is quenched at the voids due to high spacing of NWs.
MammalianExo1encodes both structural and catalytic functions that play distinct roles in essential biological processes
Authors: Schaetzlein Sonja , Chahwan Richard , Avdievich Elena , Roa Sergio , Wei Kaichun , Eoff Robert L. , Sellers Rani S. , Clark Alan B. , Kunkel Thomas A. , Scharff Matthew D. , Edelmann Winfried 
Published: June 2013

SignificanceExonuclease1 (EXO1) is involved in a variety of DNA repair pathways and is implicated in multiple biological processes. To determine the contribution of the enzymatic and structural functions of EXO1 in these processes, we compared mice with catalytically inactive EXO1-knockin and complete EXO1-knockout mutations. We found that the catalytic function of EXO1 is essential for the DNA damage response, double-strand break repair, chromosomal stability, and tumor suppression, whereas EXO1’s structural role alone is critical for mismatch repair, antibody diversification, and meiosis. Our study reveals differential requirements for both EXO1 functions in DNA repair and tumorigenesis in vivo.