bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of the quantum regression theorem for resonance fluorescence in a photonic crystal
Authors: Boedecker G. , Henkel C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCorrelation functions of a driven two‐level system embedded in a photonic crystal are analyzed. The spectral density of the photonic bands near a gap makes this system non‐Markovian. The equations of motion for two‐time correlations are derived by two different methods, the quantum regression theorem and the fluctuation dissipation theorem, and found to be the same.
Laser fabricated ripple substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Buividas R. , Stoddart P.R. , Juodkazis S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFemtosecond laser fabricated surface nanograting structures, referred to as ripples, are proposed as efficient substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Ripple substrates show order of magnitude higher sensitivity and superior reproducibility as compared to lithographically made commercial SERS sensing substrates. It is demonstrated that the SERS intensity from ripple substrates scales with the thickness of the Au coating. Ag coating on sapphire ripples showed > 2000 times higher sensitivity as compared to the same coating on the flat sapphire surface. The period, duty cycle and aspect ratio of the ripple textures can be adjusted by laser ablation conditions, which could be used for plasmon resonance tuning.
Screening of Microalgae for Feasible Mass Production in Industrial Hypersaline Wastewater Using Disposable Bioreactors
Authors: Menke Sebastian , Sennhenn Anne , Sachse Jörg‐H. , Majewski Elke , Huchzermeyer Bernhard , Rath Thomas 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTen algae species were analyzed by comparing their growth in specific hypersaline industrial wastewater. It was a by‐product of fertilizer production which was released by K + S Aktiengesellschaft, Germany. Due to processing, brine water contains a high amount of salts ($\gg $200 g L−1). A successful algal biotechnology mainly depends on choosing and screening the adequate algae for a specific application along with the design of optimal culture conditions with comparable photo bioreactor technologies. Therefore, a high throughput screening technology was developed. In comparison to glass flasks or flat panel reactors this system was eligible for screening applications because of disposable characteristics and the equability of each culture tube. Dunaliella salina, Tetraselmis tetrathele, and Nannochloropsis salina grew in the presence of hypersaline wastewater where T. tetrathele grew best to a wastewater concentration of 75% by salt shock experiments. D. salina tolerates a wastewater level up to 80% by gradual increase. Intracellular ion contents of lyophilized algae samples were measured. They feature special transporter to either exclude ions, i.e., sodium from the cell, or to include ions like potassium and magnesium in order to secure functionality of sensitive enzymes. Under saline stress conditions these transport systems as well as metabolic pathways leading to the production of compatible osmolytes could be induced. Stress tolerance mechanisms developed in initially unstressed culture either by stepwise adaptation or by shock exposure to harsh salt condition. For this reason a feasible mass production in industrial hypersaline wastewater was possible.
A system for individualized prosthetic modeling of the femoral head
Authors: Liu Bin , Huang Zhihuan , Jia Xianyong , Yue Zongge 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe matching quality between the femoral head prosthesis and the acetabulum plays an important role in the operative treatment of femoral head prosthetics and femoral head replacement. To obtain the optimal model of the femoral head prosthesis for the target sufferer, an individualized modeling system is shown in this paper. It can recover the necrotic femoral heads into the satisfactory models. These models can well match with the acetabulum. This new system affords a theoretical model for the accurate operation position fixing in the orthopedic clinic. And this system also provides an innovative practical means for the individualized modeling of the artificial femoral head prosthesis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dust in Plasma I. Particle Size and Ion‐Neutral Collision Effects
Authors: Taccogna F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA fully kinetic self‐consistent model of an absorbing particle immersed in stationary isotropic weakly collisional plasma has been developed. The combined effects of particle size and ion‐neutral charge exchange collisions have been investigated for intermediate regimes, where no analytic theories are available. It is shown that collisional effects related to the ion orbital destruction (presence of extrema in ion flux collected on the particle surface and in particle potential and charge) are important for small particles, while they are totally absent for large particles. The potential distribution around the particle is quite well represented by a Yukawa form, but with an effective screening length that shows different dependences from the gas pressure for small and large particle size. Analytical fitting formulas of particle charge and potential and screening length depending on the particle radius parameter and on the Knudsen number have been obtained (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Automation of a Mass Flow Controller for Application in Time‐Multiplex SF6+CH4 Plasma Etching of Silicon
Authors: Tezani L.L. , Pessoa R.S. , Moraes R.S. , Medeiros H.S. , Martins C.A. , Maciel H.S. , Petraconi Filho G. , Massi M. , da Silva Sobrinho A. S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this work is proposed the automation of a gas injection (mass flow) system in order to generate timemultiplex SF6/CH4 radiofrequency plasma applied for silicon (Si) etching process. The control of the gas injection system is important in order to better control the process anisotropy, i.e., the high‐aspect‐ratio of mask pattern transfer to substrate surface. In other words, this control allows the attainment of deep Si etching process. Here, the automation of the gas injection system was realized through the interface between a computer and a data acquisition board. The automation software developed allows controlling the gas flow rate switching it on and off during whole process through the use of a square waveform routine, intermittent flow, beyond the conventional condition of a fixed value for gas flow rate, continuous flow. In order to investigate the time‐multiplex SF6/CH4 plasma etching of Si, the residual gas analysis was performed. The investigations were made keeping the following process parameters: flow of SF6: 10 sccm, flow of CH4: 6 sccm, 100 W rf power, wave period: 20 sec. It were monitored the partial pressure of SF+ 5 (parent neutral specie: SF6), CH+4 (CH4) and SiF+ 3 (SiF4) species as a function of time for different gas flow switching and duty cycle. The results showed that with the generation of plasma occurs a drastic change in behavior of partial pressures of SF+ 5 and CH+4 species. Moreover, it is evidenced that the interactions between the SF6 and CH4 fragments promotes a high production rate of HF molecule and consequently a decrease of atomic fluorine, mainly when plasma is on. Finally, the behavior of partial pressure of SiF+ 3 specie for alternatively intermittent SF6 and CH4 flow operation shows us that both the etching processes and the deposition of a polymer passivation layer are occurring alternatively, a desirable feature for multi‐step etching process (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Targeting EGFR‐positive cancer cells with cetuximab–ZZ‐PE38: Results of in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Barnea Itay , Ben‐Yosef Rahamim , Karaush Victoria , Benhar Itai , Vexler Akiva 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundArming antibody with toxins is a new approach in cancer therapy. We evaluated the efficacy of cetuximab–ZZ‐PE38 immunocomplex in killing cancer cells in vitro and inhibiting tumor growth in nude mice.MethodsSeveral cancer cell lines and human foreskin fibroblasts were tested for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and cetuximab binding using Western blot assay, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and flow cytometry. Cell survival in vitro was estimated by XTT assay. Tumor size was measured twice a week.ResultsCetuximab–ZZ‐PE38 immunocomplex was significantly more effective in killing head and neck cancer cells than nonspecific IgG‐ZZ‐PE38 complex or free ZZ‐PE38, whereas normal cells were not affected. Tumor treatment with immunocomplex resulted in tumor shrinkage. The immunocomplex was safe to mice at a therapeutic dosage of 0.25 mg/mL, whereas the dosage of 0.50 mg/mL induced liver toxicity.ConclusionsCetuximab–ZZ‐PE38 immunocomplex is a highly effective agent in killing EGFR‐positive cancer cells and in tumor shrinkage. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Large trigeminal schwannoma of the infratemporal fossa: Evaluation of neoangiogenesis in this rare neoplasm
Authors: Alafaci Concetta , Caffo Maria , Barresi Valeria , Cutugno Mariano , Pino Maria A. , Granata Francesca , De Ponte Francesco S. , Salpietro Francesco M. , Tomasello Francesco 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundTrigeminal schwannomas are uncommon intracranial tumors. Extracranial trigeminal schwannomas in the infratemporal fossa are rare.MethodsWe present a case with a clinical history of facial pain. MRI and CT scans showed a mass arising from the infratemporal fossa extending into the intracranial space.ResultsWe performed a combined neurosurgical and maxillofacial approach with preoperative endovascular embolization. Complete removal of the parasellar component was achieved with a minimal extracranial neoplastic residual. High microvessel density, reflecting intense neoangiogenesis, was detected through the immunohistochemical staining with endoglin.ConclusionsDue to the unique development pattern of trigeminal schwannoma involving multiple intracranial fossae and extracranial compartment, we chose a combined neurosurgical and maxillofacial approach with preoperative embolization of the tumor. Immunohistochemical findings suggest that the extensive growth observed may be related to an intense neoangiogenesis, opening the perspective to novel therapeutic options based on the inhibition of neoangiogenesis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Natural variants in the major neutralizing epitope of human papillomavirus minor capsid protein L2
Authors: Seitz Hanna , Schmitt Markus , Böhmer Gerd , Kopp‐Schneider Annette , Müller Martin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe amino terminus of the human papillomavirus minor capsid protein L2 contains a major cross‐neutralizing epitope that provides the basis for the development of a broadly protective HPV vaccine. This attainable broad protection would eliminate one of the major drawbacks of the commercial L1‐based prophylactic vaccines. In this study, we asked whether there are natural variants of the L2 cross‐neutralizing epitope and if these variants provide means for immune escape from vaccine‐induced anti‐L2 antibodies. For this, we isolated in silico and in vitro, a total of 477 L2 sequences of HPV types 16, 18, 31, 45, 51, 52 and 58. We identified natural L2 epitope variants for HPV 18, 31, 45 and 51. To determine whether these variants escape L2‐directed neutralization, we generated pseudovirions encompassing the natural variants and tested these in an in vitro neutralization assay using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Our results indicate that natural variants of the L2 major neutralizing epitope are frequent among two different study populations from Germany and Mongolia and in the GenBank database. Of two identified HPV 31 L2 single amino acid variants, one could be neutralized well, while the other variant was neutralized very poorly. We also observed that single amino acid variants of HPV 18 and 45 are neutralized well while a HPV 18 double variant was neutralized at significantly lower rates, indicating that L2 variants have to be accounted for when developing HPV L2‐based prophylactic vaccines.
Mdm2 antagonists induce apoptosis and synergize with cisplatin overcoming chemoresistance in TP53 wild‐type ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Mir Roser , Tortosa Avelina , Martinez‐Soler Fina , Vidal August , Condom Enric , Pérez‐Perarnau Alba , Ruiz‐Larroya Tatiana , Gil Joan , Giménez‐Bonafé Pepita 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOvarian cancer (OVCa) is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. Although treatment for advanced OVCa has improved with the introduction of taxane–platinum chemotherapy, the majority of patients will develop resistance to the treatment, leading to poor prognosis. One of the causes of chemoresistance is the reduced ability to undergo apoptosis. Cisplatin is a genotoxic drug that leads cells to apoptosis through the activation of the p53 pathway. Defective signaling in this pathway compromises p53 function, and thus cisplatin does not induce apoptosis. A new group of nongenotoxic small molecules called Nutlins have been developed to inhibit p53‐Mdm2 binding, inducing apoptosis in chemoresistant tumors through the activation of the p53 pathway. The wild‐type p53 cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer cell‐line A2780cis was used to test the effect of Nutlin‐3a (Nut3a) on apoptosis response. The results showed that Nut3a synergized with cisplatin, inducing cell‐cycle arrest in G2/M and potentiating apoptotic cell death. Increased apoptosis was also induced in wild‐type TP53 primary OVCa cultures by double cisplatin–Nut3a treatment. In conclusion, Nut3a appears to sensitize chemoresistant OVCa cells to cisplatin, inducing apoptosis. As increased response was generalized in primary tumors, this cisplatin–Nut3a combination could be useful for the treatment of patients harboring wild‐type TP53 who do not respond to standard chemotherapy.
Effects of composition and setting environment on mechanical properties of a composite bone filler
Authors: Brown Matthew E. , Zou Yuan , Dziubla Thomas D. , Puleo David A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLarge bone defects can be difficult to treat, even with autografts. Bone graft substitutes, such as calcium sulfate (CS), calcium phosphate cements, and hydroxyapatite, are receiving significant attention because of their biocompatibility and potential for incorporation of therapeutic agents. To create a bone filler capable of treating irregularly shaped, often infected, bony defects, microspheres and a plasticizer were added to CS, resulting in a moldable composite capable of being loaded with biomolecules. Different compositions and setting environments, such as immersion in saline, a humidified incubator, or room temperature air, were investigated to determine their effects on mechanical strength and degradation rate of the composites. Addition of any other components to the CS, such as plasticizers or microspheres composed of biopolymers (gelatin, hyaluronan [HY], cellulose acetate phthalate, and carboxymethylcellulose), increased its functionality but reduced mechanical strength. The compressive modulus and strength of the composite fillers ranged from 10 to 350 MPa and 5 to 20 MPa, respectively, depending on the composition. This moldable bone filler degraded in 18–20 days when placed in solution and was able to set in harsh environments given a composition that did not retain too much water. By combining a plasticizing agent, such as HY with CS, a composite material has been developed that is moldable, sets in situ, and maintains its mechanical stability. With these desirable properties for a bone graft substitute and the potential to be loaded with bioactive drugs, this composite material merits further investigation for the future treatment of bony defects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Evaluation of single‐cell force spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy to determine cell interactions with femtosecond‐laser microstructured titanium surfaces
Authors: Aliuos Pooyan , Fadeeva Elena , Badar Muhammad , Winkel Andreas , Mueller Peter P. , Warnecke Athanasia , Chichkov Boris , Lenarz Thomas , Reich Uta , Reuter Guenter 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOne goal in biomaterials research is to limit the formation of connective tissue around the implant. Antiwetting surfaces are known to reduce ability of cells to adhere. Such surfaces can be achieved by special surface structures (lotus effect). Aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility for creating antiwetting surface structures on titanium and to characterize their effect on initial cell adhesion and proliferation. Titanium microstructures were generated using femtosecond‐ (fs‐) laser pulses. Murine fibroblasts served as a model for connective tissue cells. Quantitative investigation of initial cell adhesion was performed using atomic force microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy was used for the characterization of cell‐adhesion pattern, cell morphology, and proliferation. Water contact angle (WCA) measurements evinced antiwetting properties of laser‐structured surfaces. However, the WCA was decreased in serum‐containing medium. Initial cell adhesion to microstructured titanium was significantly promoted when compared with polished titanium. Microstructures did not influence cell proliferation on titanium surfaces. However, on titanium microstructures, cells showed a flattened morphology, and the cell orientation was biased according to the surface topography. In conclusion, antiwetting properties of surfaces were absent in the presence of serum and did not hinder adhesion and proliferation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Pharmacological blocking of the osteoclastic biocorrosion of surgical stainless steel in vitro
Authors: Lionetto S. , Little A. , Moriceau G. , Heymann D. , Decurtins M. , Plecko M. , Filgueira L. , Cadosch D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn vitro studies suggest that human osteoclasts (OC) are able to corrode surgical stainless steel 316L (SS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether osteoclastic biocorrosion can be blocked pharmacologically. Human OCs were generated in vitro from peripheral blood monocytic cells (PBMCs) in the presence of OC differentiation cytokines. The osteoclastic viability, differentiation, and resorptive function (on both bone and SS) were assessed using standard colorimetric cell viability assay 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenil)‐2H‐tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS), fluorescence microscopy, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase expression (flow cytometry), and scanning electron microscopy. OCs cultured on SS were exposed to nontoxic concentrations of bafilomycin A1, amiloride hydrochloride, or zoledronic acid. The extent of biocorrosion was quantified using atomic emission spectrometry (to measure the concentration of metal ions released into the supernatant) and scanning electron microscopy. PBMCs differentiated into mature and functional OC in the presence of all the drugs used. Osteoclastic resorption of SS was noted with differences in the resorption pattern for all drug treatments. Under the drug treatments, single areas of osteoclastic resorption were larger in size but less abundant when compared with positive controls. None of the drugs used were able to inhibit osteoclastic biocorrosion of SS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
How Diverse are Tourists with Disabilities? A Pilot Study on Accessible Leisure Tourism Experiences in Portugal
Authors: Figueiredo Elisabete , Eusébio Celeste , Kastenholz Elisabeth 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTLiterature dealing with tourism and disability mostly stresses the frequent exclusion of impaired persons and emphasizes the benefits associated with tourism activities, neglecting the diversity of impairments. This paper takes a different approach, by analyzing the diverse forms of being disabled, meaning different abilities to participate in tourism and diverse capabilities of experiencing leisure activities. An exploratory survey directed to 200 persons with disabilities was undertaken in Portugal. Market segmentation was based on the commonly defined types of impairment: intellectual, motor, hearing and visual. Evidence suggests statistical differences among segments regarding travel behavior, motivations, interests and needs, motivated by diverse types of disabilities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining Group‐Based Exposure Therapy With Prolonged Exposure to Treat U.S. Vietnam Veterans With PTSD: A Case Study
Authors: Ready David J. , Vega Edward M. , Worley Virginia , Bradley Bekh 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGroup‐based exposure therapy (GBET) of 16‐week duration was developed to treat combat‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and decreased PTSD symptoms in 3 noncontrolled open trials with low attrition (0%–5%). Group‐based exposure therapy has not produced as much PTSD symptom reduction as Prolonged Exposure (PE) within a U.S. Veterans Affairs PTSD treatment program, although PE had more dropouts (20%). This pilot study was of a model that combined key elements of GBET with components of PE in an effort to increase the effectiveness of a group‐based treatment while reducing its length and maintaining low attrition. Twice per week, 8 Vietnam combat veterans with PTSD were treated for 12 weeks, with an intervention that included 2 within‐group war trauma presentations per participant, 6 PE style individual imaginal exposure (IE) sessions per participant, daily listening to recorded IE sessions, and daily in vivo exposure exercises. All completed treatment and showed Significant reductions on all measures of PTSD with large effect sizes; 7 participants no longer met PTSD criteria on treating clinician administered interviews and a self‐report measure at posttreatment. Significant reductions in depression with large effect sizes and moderate reductions in PTSD‐related cognitions were also found. Most gains were maintained 6 months posttreatment.
pH Impedance and high‐resolution manometry in laryngopharyngeal reflux disease high‐dose proton pump inhibitor failures
Authors: Carroll Thomas L. , Fedore Lauren W. , Aldahlawi Moataz M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) patients often fail empiric treatment with high‐dose, twice‐daily (BID) proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Further testing is warranted to rule in or out nonacid reflux (NAR) or breakthrough acid reflux (BAR) as the etiology of the symptoms. Results of coordinated multichannel intraluminal pH impedance (MII) and high‐resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) testing while patients are on high‐dose BID PPIs is lacking in the LPRD population. The objective of this study is to evaluate if coordinated MII and HRM aid in the management of patients with persistent LPRD symptoms despite high dose BID PPIs.Study Design:Retrospective case series.Methods:MII and HRM were administered while on medication to 23 persistent LPRD subjects who had failed 3 months of high‐dose BID PPIs. Number and pH of total and proximal reflux episodes, DeMeester score, reflux symptom correlation, and motility/physiology findings were recorded. Subjects were grouped into significant NAR, BAR, or nonsignificant NAR.Results:Fifty‐two percent of subjects had significant NAR and 22% had BAR despite high‐dose BID PPIs. Statistically significant differences were found between groups for the MII outcomes of DeMeester score, number of total and proximal reflux events, and nonacid reflux events. HRM demonstrated dysmotility in five subjects.Conclusions:For recalcitrant LPRD subjects who fail empiric high‐dose BID PPI therapy, this study demonstrated significant NAR or BAR in 74% of subjects. Evaluation by MII and HRM performed on PPI therapy proved useful for diagnosis and further management. Laryngoscope, 2012