bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Atherosclerosis Relates to Urinary Albumin Excretion and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes cardio-renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT)
Authors: Maftei Oana , Pena Alexia S. , Sullivan Thomas , Jones Timothy W. , Donaghue Kim C. , Cameron Fergus J. , Davis Elizabeth , Cotterill Andrew , Craig Maria E. , Gent Roger , Dalton Neil , Daneman Denis , Dunger David , Deanfield John , Couper Jenny J. 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE
The origins of cardiovascular and renal disease in type 1 diabetes begin during childhood. We aimed to evaluate carotid (cIMT) and aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT) and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors and urinary albumin excretion in adolescents with type 1 diabetes in the Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes cardio-renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 406 adolescents with type 1 diabetes, who were 14.1 ± 1.9 years old with type 1 diabetes duration of 6.7 ± 3.7 years, and 57 age-matched control subjects provided clinical and biochemical data and ultrasound measurements of vascular structure (cIMT and aIMT). Vascular endothelial and smooth muscle function was also measured in 123 of 406 with type 1 diabetes and all control subjects.

RESULTS
In type 1 diabetic subjects, mean/maximal aIMT (P &lt; 0.006; &lt;0.008), but not mean/maximal cIMT, was greater than in control subjects. Mean/maximal aIMT related to urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (multiple regression coefficient [SE], 0.013 [0.006], P = 0.03; 0.023 [0.007], P = 0.002), LDL cholesterol (0.019 [0.008], P = 0.02; 0.025 [0.011], P = 0.02), and age (0.010 [0.004], P = 0.004; 0.012 [0.005], P = 0.01), independent of other variables. Mean/maximal cIMT was greater in males (0.023 [0.006], P = 0.02; 0.029 [0.007], P &lt; 0.0001), and mean cIMT related independently to systolic blood pressure (0.001 [0.001], P = 0.04). Vascular smooth muscle function related to aIMT and cIMT but not to urinary albumin excretion.

CONCLUSIONS
aIMT may be a more sensitive marker of atherosclerosis than cIMT in type 1 diabetes during mid-adolescence. Higher urinary albumin excretion, even within the normal range, is associated with early atherosclerosis and should direct clinical attention to modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.
Determinants of unintended pregnancy among women in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Ramesh , Soonthorndhada Kusol , Prasartkul Pramote 
Published: July 2014

Aim: This study aims to determine the factors influencing unintended pregnancy among married women in Nepal Methods: This paper reports on data drawn from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), 2001 which is a nationally representative sample survey. The analysis is restricted to the currently pregnant women at the time of survey. Logistic regression was used to assess the net effect of several independent variables on unintended pregnancy. The factors leading to unintended pregnancy were also predicted by using some significant variables in the model. Results: More than two-fifth of the respondents (41%) reported that their current pregnancies were unintended. The results indicate that age, age at first marriage, religion, exposure to radio and knowledge of family planning (FP) methods were key predictors of unintended pregnancy. Experience of unintended pregnancy augments along with the women’s age. Similarly, increase in age at first marriage reduces the likelihood of unintended pregnancy among women. Those who were exposed to radio were less likely (odds ratio, 0.65) to have unintended pregnancy compared to those who were not. Those women who had higher level of knowledge about FP methods were 40% less likely to experience unintended pregnancy compared to those having lower level of knowledge. Conclusion: One of the important factor contributing to high level of maternal and infant mortality is unintended pregnancy. Programs should intend to reduce unintended pregnancy by focusing on all these identified issues so that infant and maternal morbidity and mortality as well as abortion will be decreased and the overall health of the family could be improved. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v3i2.10828 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vol.3(2) 2008; 26-34
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis in Limpopo Province, South Africa: Predictors of Patient and Technique Survival
Authors: Isla Ramon A. Tamayo , Mapiye Darlington , Swanepoel Charles R. , Rozumyk Nadiya , Hubahib Jerome E. , Okpechi Ikechi G. 
Published: July 2014

Introduction and aim Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is not a frequently used modality of dialysis in many parts of Africa due to several socio-economic factors. Available studies from Africa have shown a strong association between outcome and socio-demographic variables. We sought to assess the outcome of patients treated with CAPD in Limpopo, South Africa. Methods This was a retrospective study of 152 patients treated with CAPD at the Polokwane Kidney and Dialysis Centre (PKDC) from 2007 to 2012. We collected relevant demographic and biochemical data for all patients included in the study. A composite outcome of death while still on peritoneal dialysis (PD) or CAPD technique failure from any cause requiring a change of modality to hemodialysis (HD) was selected. The peritonitis rate and causes of peritonitis were assessed from 2008 when all related data could be obtained. Results There were 52% males in the study and the average age of the patients was 36.8 ± 11.4 years. Unemployment rate was high (71.1%), 41.1% had tap water at home, the average distance travelled to the dialysis center was 122.9 ± 78.2 kilometres and half the patients had a total income less than USD ($)180 per month. Level of education, having electricity at home, having tap water at home, body mass index (BMI), serum albumin and hemoglobin were significantly different between those reaching the composite outcome and those not reaching it ( p < 0.05). The overall peritonitis rate was 0.82/year with 1-year, 2-year and 5-year survival found to be 86.7%, 78.7% and 65.3% (patient survival) and 83.3%, 71.7% and 62.1% (technique survival). Predictors of the composite outcome were BMI ( p = 0.011), serum albumin ( p = 0.030), hemoglobin ( p = 0.002) and more than 1 episode of peritonitis ( p = 0.038). Conclusion Treatment of anemia and malnutrition as well as training and re-training of CAPD patients and staff to prevent recurrence of peritonitis can have positive impacts on CAPD outcomes in this population.
Integrated geoelectrical and structural studies for groundwater investigation in parts of Abuja, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Maxwell Omeje , Wagiran Husin , Ibrahim Noorddin , Andrew Oha Ifeanyi , Solomon Onwuka Obialo , Sabri Soheil 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAbuja, the capital city of Nigeria, West Africa, is underlain by Precambrian basement rocks consisting mainly of porphyroblastic gneisses, granitic‐gneisses, migmatitic gneisses, amphibolites, Pan‐African granites and undifferentiated schists. The geology of Abuja, therefore, makes the groundwater conditions in the area very unpredictable. Geophysical surveys were carried out at 12 locations within and around the Gosa area and the results integrated with 88 lineament (fractures) extracted from hill‐shaded Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data. The dominant fracture trend for the area is NNE–SSW and N–S, which corresponds to the Pan‐African trends in the basement complex of Nigeria. It is observed that in the Gosa area, whereas fractures exist, they do not possess sufficient interconnectivity; this may have adversely affected the permeability of the fractured zone, resulting in the incidence of dry wells in the area. Moreover, evidence from interpreted two‐dimensional (2D) geoelectric sections reveals that in some parts of Abuja, the weathered overburden is not thick enough to support sufficient yield for a viable borehole. Interconnected fractures therefore become the desirable structural feature capable of improving the aquifer potential. This study demonstrates the usefulness of integrating conventional vertical electrical sounding (VES) surveys with structural data derived from enhanced SRTM imagery in a hydrologically complicated terrain.
Bcl-xL Regulates CD1d-Mediated Antigen Presentation to NKT Cells by Altering CD1d Trafficking through the Endocytic Pathway
Authors: Subrahmanyam Priyanka B. , Carey Gregory B. , Webb Tonya J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNKT cells are a unique subset of T cells that recognize glycolipid Ags presented in the context of CD1d molecules. NKT cells mount strong antitumor responses and are a major focus in developing effective cancer immunotherapy. It is known that CD1d molecules are constantly internalized from the cell surface, recycled through the endocytic compartments, and re-expressed on the cell surface. However, little is known about the regulation of CD1d-mediated Ag processing and presentation in B cell lymphoma. Prosurvival factors of the Bcl-2 family, such as Bcl-xL, are often upregulated in B cell lymphomas and are intimately linked to sphingolipid metabolism, as well as the endocytic compartments. We hypothesized that Bcl-xL can regulate CD1d-mediated Ag presentation to NKT cells. We found that overexpression or induction of Bcl-xL led to increased Ag presentation to NKT cells. Conversely, the inhibition or knockdown of Bcl-xL led to decreased NKT cell activation. Furthermore, knockdown of Bcl-xL resulted in the loss of CD1d trafficking to lysosome-associated membrane protein 1+ compartments. Rab7, a late endosomal protein, was upregulated and CD1d molecules accumulated in the Rab7+ late endosomal compartment. These results demonstrate that Bcl-xL regulates CD1d-mediated Ag processing and presentation to NKT cells by altering the late endosomal compartment and changing the intracellular localization of CD1d.
Resource potential of bamboo, challenges and future directions towards sustainable management and utilization in Ethiopia
Authors: Desalegn Getachew , Tadesse Wubalem 
Published: July 2014

Aim of study: Bamboo, the fastest growing and high yielding perennial plant of the world has more than 1500 species and 1500 versatile socio-economic uses and ecological services. Ethiopia has two indigenous bamboo species namely Yushania alpina and Oxytenantheria abyssinica, covering about one million ha with a wide distribution. The objective of this paper is to highlight the potential of bamboo resources, challenges including biodeterioration damage, opportunities and future research directions towards its sustainable management and rational utilization.Area of study: Bamboo resources of EthiopiaMaterial and Methods: Reconnaissance survey was done to some parts of the bamboo growing potential areas in Ethiopia besides the literature review. Main results: The bamboo resource, despite its socio-economic and environmental benefits, currently, in most areas has been under high pressure due to land use changes, bamboo mass- flowering, poor processing with low value addition, and damage by biodeteriorating agents (termites, beetles and fungi). The preservative tests on Ethiopian bamboos revealed low natural durability and highlighted the paramount importance of appropriate protection measures such as Tanalith and vehicles used motor oil to increase durability, service life and rational utilization of bamboo-based products and structures as potential alternative construction and furniture material.Research highlights: Therefore, integrated research and development interventions involving different propagation and managements techniques, harvesting season, processing, value addition including proper seasoning and preservation technologies and marketing are recommended to fill the information and technological gaps on sustainable management and rational utilization of this fast growing and multipurpose bamboo resources in Ethiopia.Key words: Bamboo; challenges; management; socio-economic and environmental significance; utilization.
Empirical or rational truffle cultivation? It is time to choose.
Authors: Chevalier Gerard , Pargney Jean C. 
Published: July 2014

Aim of study: The aim of this study was to finalize a new method of truffle cultivation in order to obtain an earlier, more regular and sizeable production of high quality fruiting bodies. Area of study: The experimentation was carried out in France (country of Dordogne, south-western France) and Italy (country of Marches, eastern central Italy) for more than one decade.Material and methods: For the first time the method is based on scientific data on truffle biology particularly: the dynamic system of mycorrhization by the truffle and by other fungi; the saprophytic capability of the truffle; the ability of its mycelium for decomposing certain minerals and organic materials in the “brûlés”.The basic principle concern the work of the soil and the upkeep of the root system: to work the soil immediately after the plantation of mycorrhizal seedlings, deeply enough, with adapted tools, in order to do not compact the soil, aerate it, favour the production of deep fruiting bodies not exposed to high temperatures, dryness, frost, parasites… ; cut accurately the roots in order to regenerate them and consequently to provide food for the truffle mycelium.Main results: The result has been a new cultivation method designated “differentiated” and called “MRT”, with adapted work of the soil on the lines of plantation and upkeep of the grass between them, to maintain the cohabitation between areas where the mycelium is present, from those where it is absent.Research highlights: Research is going on to improve the techniques and particularly finalize tools more precise and more adapted for working the soil and maintaining the root system in a best way. Keywords: truffle; production; nutrition; soil, root system; cultivation tools.
Le sentiment de sécurité chez les personnes âgées dans les habitations à loyer modique
Authors: Duguay Benoit , Bamba Moustapha , Boulard Danièle 
Published: July 2014

Plusieurs recherches montrent l’impact de la violence et de la criminalité sur le sentiment de sécurité. À ce titre, tous les types de délits peuvent faire naître un sentiment d’insécurité, des crimes les plus graves ‒ l’homicide ‒ aux méfaits moins violents ‒ le vandalisme ‒ en particulier chez les personnes âgées. Cet article rapporte les résultats d’une étude du sentiment de sécurité, réalisée par le biais d’une enquête par questionnaire auprès de 380 personnes âgées résidant dans une habitation à loyer modique. Notre étude confirme que les problèmes vécus dans certains arrondissements de centre-ville sont en passe de s’étendre à la banlieue.
Ville ou banlieue?
Authors: Jean Sandrine 
Published: July 2014

Bon an, mal an, environ 20 000 personnes quittent la Ville de Montréal pour s’établir en banlieue. Dans ce contexte de concurrence pour attirer les jeunes ménages, nous nous sommes penchés sur les choix résidentiels de familles de la classe moyenne en faveur de la ville centrale ou de la banlieue. Cinquante et une entrevues approfondies ont été menées en 2011-2012 dans deux quartiers de la région métropolitaine de Montréal, l’un représentant la banlieue, Vimont-Auteuil, l’autre la ville centrale, Ahuntsic. Au-delà du prix des logements, les choix résidentiels des familles sont liés aux représentations de la ville et de la banlieue, aux usages du quartier et du chez-soi, à leur mobilité quotidienne, leur identité, et en somme leurs modes de vie. Les images négatives de la vie de famille en ville véhiculées par les banlieusards de même que la vision stéréotypée de la banlieue dépeinte par les urbains donnent à penser que l’opposition ville/banlieue est loin d’être caduque, du moins dans les représentations que s’en font encore aujourd’hui les jeunes familles de la classe moyenne.
The responses of ionospheric topside diffusive fluxes to two geomagnetic storms in October 2002
Authors: Chen Guang‐Ming , Xu Jiyao , Wang Wenbin , Lei Jiuhou , Zhang Shun‐Rong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractO+ field‐aligned ambipolar diffusive velocities Vd and fluxes Фd in the topside ionosphere have been calculated from the observed profiles of electron density, ion, and electron temperatures during a 30 day incoherent scatter radar experiment conducted at Millstone Hill (288.5°E, 42.6°N) from 4 October to 4 November 2002. Two geomagnetic storms took place during this period. During the negative phases (depleted electron densities) of these two storms, the magnitudes of the daytime upward Vd and Фd were less than their averaged quiet time values. Whereas at nighttime, the downward Vd and Фd were sometimes larger than the averaged quiet time values. The variations in diffusive velocity and flux during the storm main and recovery phases were caused by changes in the ionospheric scale height or the shapes of ionospheric density profiles. The negative storm effect further reduced daytime diffusive flux. During these two storms, positive ionosphere phases (enhanced electron densities) were also observed. The diffusive velocity was much smaller during the period of positive storm effect, which led to a smaller diffusive flux than the quiet time one, although electron density was higher. It appears that storm time variations in diffusive velocity were more the results of storm time changes in the plasma vertical profile, rather than the cause of these plasma density changes.
High‐resolution imaging of the Pyrenees and Massif Central from the data of the PYROPE and IBERARRAY portable array deployments
Authors: Chevrot Sébastien , Villaseñor Antonio , Sylvander Matthieu , Benahmed Sébastien , Beucler Eric , Cougoulat Glenn , Delmas Philippe , de Saint Blanquat Michel , Diaz Jordi , Gallart Josep , Grimaud Franck , Lagabrielle Yves , Manatschal Gianreto , Mocquet Antoine , Pauchet Hélène , Paul Anne , Péquegnat Catherine , Quillard Olivier , Roussel Sandrine , Ruiz Mario , Wolyniec David 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe lithospheric structures beneath the Pyrenees, which holds the key to settle long‐standing controversies regarding the opening of the Bay of Biscay and the formation of the Pyrenees, are still poorly known. The temporary PYROPE and IBERARRAY experiments have recently filled a strong deficit of seismological stations in this part of western Europe, offering a new and unique opportunity to image crustal and mantle structures with unprecedented resolution. Here we report the results of the first tomographic study of the Pyrenees relying on this rich data set. The important aspects of our tomographic study are the precision of both absolute and relative traveltime measurements obtained by a nonlinear simulated annealing waveform fit and the detailed crustal model that has been constructed to compute accurate crustal corrections. Beneath the Massif Central, the most prominent feature is a widespread slow anomaly that reflects a strong thermal anomaly resulting from the thinning of the lithosphere and upwelling of the asthenosphere. Our tomographic images clearly exclude scenarios involving subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath the Pyrenees. In contrast, they reveal the segmentation of lithospheric structures, mainly by two major lithospheric faults, the Toulouse fault in the central Pyrenees and the Pamplona fault in the western Pyrenees. These inherited Hercynian faults were reactivated during the Cretaceous rifting of the Aquitaine and Iberian margins and during the Cenozoic Alpine convergence. Therefore, the Pyrenees can be seen as resulting from the tectonic inversion of a segmented continental rift that was buried by subduction beneath the European plate.
Marshall syndrome: Further evidence of a distinct phenotypic entity and report of new findings
Authors: Khalifa O. , Imtiaz F. , Ramzan K. , Allam R. , Hemidan A. Al‐ , Faqeih E. , Abuharb G. , Balobaid A. , Sakati N. , Owain M. Al‐ 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMarshall syndrome and type II Stickler syndrome are caused by mutations in COL11A1, which codes for the proα1chain of collagen XI. Collagen XI is a minor fibrillar collagen co‐expressed with collagen II in cartilage and the vitreous of the eye. Characteristic features of Marshall syndrome include midfacial hypoplasia, high myopia, and sensorineural‐hearing deficit. Deletions, insertions, splice site, and missense mutations in COL11A1 have been identified in Stickler syndrome and Marshall syndrome patients. In this study, we describe the clinical presentations of seven patients with Marshall syndrome from three unrelated Saudi families, inherited as autosomal dominant (two families) and autosomal recessive (one family). Cardinal clinical features of Marshall syndrome are manifested in all patients. One patient had ectodermal abnormalities. Mutations (c.2702G > A in exon 34,IVS50 + 1G > A, and IVS50 + lG > C) were identified in COL11A1 in affected members. Interestingly, the first report of autosomal recessive Marshall syndrome was from Saudi Arabia caused by the same mutation (c.2702G > A, p.Gly901Glu) as in one of our families. This study depicts detailed phenotypic and genetic description of dominant and recessive forms of Marshall syndrome due to COL11A1 mutations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Normotopic cortex is the major contributor to epilepsy in experimental double cortex
Authors: Petit Ludovic Franck , Jalabert Marion , Buhler Emmanuelle , Malvache Arnaud , Peret Angélique , Chauvin Yoann , Watrin Françoise , Represa Alfonso , Manent Jean‐Bernard 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveSubcortical band heterotopia (SBH) is a cortical malformation formed when neocortical neurons prematurely stop their migration in the white matter, forming a heterotopic band below the normotopic cortex, and is generally associated with intractable epilepsy. Although it is clear that the band heterotopia and the overlying cortex both contribute to creating an abnormal circuit prone to generate epileptic discharges, it is less understood which part of this circuitry is the most critical. Here, we sought to identify the origin of epileptiform activity in a targeted genetic model of SBH in rats.MethodsRats with SBH (Dcx‐KD rats) were generated by knocking down the Dcx gene using shRNA vectors transfected into neocortical progenitors of rat embryos. Origin, spatial extent, and laminar profile of bicuculline‐induced interictal‐like activity on neocortical slices were analyzed by using extracellular recordings from 60‐channel microelectrode arrays. Susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole‐induced seizures was assessed by electrocorticography in head‐restrained nonanesthetized rats.ResultsWe show that the band heterotopia does not constitute a primary origin for interictal‐like epileptiform activity in vitro and is dispensable for generating induced seizures in vivo. Furthermore, we report that most interictal‐like discharges originating in the overlying cortex secondarily propagate to the band heterotopia. Importantly, we found that in vivo suppression of neuronal excitability in SBH does not alter the higher propensity of Dcx‐KD rats to display seizures.InterpretationThese results suggest a major role of the normotopic cortex over the band heterotopia in generating interictal epileptiform activity and seizures in brains with SBH. Ann Neurol 2014;76:428–442