bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Cognitive Function and Physical Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: SHIN SO YOUNG , JULIAN LAURA , KATZ PATRICIA 
Published: January 2013

Objective.To examine the relationship between cognitive impairment and functional limitations and disability in persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Individuals from a longitudinal cohort study of RA participated in study visits that included physical, psychosocial, and biological metrics. Cognitive function was assessed using a battery of 12 standardized neuropsychological measures yielding 16 indices covering a range of cognitive domains. On each test, subjects were classified as “impaired” if they performed 1 SD below age-based population norms. Total cognitive function scores were calculated by summing the number of tests on which individuals were classified as “impaired” (higher scores = greater impairment). Performance-based and self-reported functional limitations were assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), respectively. Self-reported disability was measured with the Valued Life Activities (VLA) scale. Multiple regression analyses controlling for sex, race, education, cardiovascular comorbidity, disease duration, disease severity, and depression were conducted to identify whether cognitive impairment was independently associated with physical function difficulties.Results.There were 122 subjects with mean (SD) age of 58.4 (± 10.8) years; 62% were female and 80% were white. In multivariate regression models, total cognitive function score was significantly associated with greater functional limitations (SPPB: β = −0.24, p = 0.014; HAQ: β = 0.24, p = 0.003) but not with disability (VLA: β = 0.10, p = 0.207).Conclusion.Cognitive impairment was significantly associated with greater functional limitations in patients with RA, suggesting that cognitive impairment may play a role in poor functional status in persons with RA.
The SMILE Study — Safety of Methotrexate in Combination with Leflunomide in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: BIRD PAUL , GRIFFITHS HEDLEY , TYMMS KATHLEEN , NICHOLLS DAVE , ROBERTS LYNDEN , ARNOLD MARK , BURNET SIMON , de JAGER JULIEN , SCOTT JAMES , ZOCHLING JANE , LITTLEJOHN GEOFF 
Published: January 2013

Objective.To assess the safety of treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis with a combination of methotrexate (MTX) and leflunomide (LEF) in comparison to MTX monotherapy, in clinical practice.Methods.The Safety of Methotrexate in Combination with Leflunomide in Rheumatoid Arthritis (SMILE) study was a multicenter, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective safety study. The study was conducted by the Optimising Patient Outcomes in Australian Rheumatology-Quality Use of Medicines Initiative (OPAL QUMI). Data were deidentified for patient, clinic, and clinician prior to collection from 13 participating rheumatology practices (25 rheumatologists). Comparative analysis of safety for the different treatments, primarily with regard to neutropenia and liver abnormalities, was performed.Results.In total, 2975 patients were included in the study: 74% female, 26% male, mean age 62 years (SD 13.6). Distribution of therapy: MTX monotherapy 52.2%, LEF monotherapy 7.3%, MTX plus LEF 13.9%, and neither MTX nor LEF 26.6%. Comorbid liver disease was reported in 8.1% of patients. Liver function abnormalities were reported in 12% of the MTX monotherapy group, 16% of the LEF monotherapy group, 19% of the MTX-LEF combination group, and 14% of the group not taking either drug. Neutropenia was reported in 2.3% of the MTX monotherapy group, 5.5% of the LEF monotherapy group, 3.9% of the MTX-LEF combination group, and 4.2% of the group not taking either drug.Conclusion.The combination of MTX and LEF was well tolerated, with adverse events comparable to those of monotherapy and the other nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug treatment group.
Association of Guanosine Triphosphate Cyclohydrolase 1 Gene Polymorphisms with Fibromyalgia Syndrome in a Korean Population
Authors: KIM SEONG-KYU , KIM SEONG-HO , NAH SEONG-SU , LEE JI HYUN , HONG SEUNG-JAE , KIM HYUN-SOOK , LEE HYE-SOON , KIM HYOUN AH , JOUNG CHUNG-IL , BAE JISUK , CHOE JUNG-YOON , LEE SHIN-SEOK 
Published: January 2013

Objective.Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, which is an essential cofactor in nitric oxide (NO) production. Polymorphisms in theGCH1gene have been implicated in protection against pain sensitivity. The aim of our study was to determine whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in theGCH1gene affect susceptibility and/or pain sensitivity in fibromyalgia syndrome (FM).Methods.A total of 409 patients with FM and 422 controls were enrolled. The alleles and genotypes at 4 positions [rs3783641(T>A), rs841(C>T), rs752688(C>T), and rs4411417(T>C)] in theGCH1gene were analyzed. The associations of theGCH1SNP with susceptibility and clinical measures in patients with FM were assessed.Results.The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of the 4 SNP did not differ between patients with FM and healthy controls. Among 13 constructed haplotypes, we further examined 4 (CCTT, TTCT, TTCA, and CCTA) with > 1% frequency in both FM and controls. No associations ofGCH1polymorphisms with FM-related activity or severity indexes were found, although the number and total score of tender points in patients with FM differed among the 4 haplotypes (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). The CCTA haplotype ofGCH1was associated with significantly lower pain sensitivity and occurred less frequently than the CCTT haplotype in patients with FM (p = 0.04, OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21–0.96).Conclusion.Our study provides evidence that certainGCH1haplotypes may be protective against susceptibility and pain sensitivity in FM. Our data suggest that NO is responsible for pain sensitivity in the pathogenesis of FM.
A Medicolegal Analysis of Worker Appeals for Fibromyalgia as a Compensable Condition Following Workplace Soft-tissue Injury
Authors: FITZCHARLES MARY-ANN , STE-MARIE PETER A. , SHIR YORAM 
Published: January 2013

Objective.Workplace injuries may be implicated in the causation of fibromyalgia (FM), hence linking FM to compensation. We examined the appeals by workers directed to an appeals tribunal for causation of FM following soft-tissue injury sustained in the workplace.Methods.One hundred fifty tribunal decisions relevant to FM were examined using a predetermined protocol. New-onset FM was appealed in 123, and aggravation of preexisting FM in 15.Results.All injuries were of a soft-tissue type, without persistent physical findings to explain continued symptoms. The tribunal accepted 67% of appeals for aggravation of FM, and 59% for new-onset FM. Time from injury to FM diagnosis was 4.3 ± 4.1 years, with 6.3 ± 2.8 physicians cited for each worker, and with previous health status not reported for 26%. Injuries were a single event in 68%, with location in low back for 44%, and shoulder/upper limb in 40%. The FM diagnosis was based on a rheumatologist report in 74%.Conclusion.Over half of appeals for aggravation or causation of FM following a work-related soft-tissue injury were accepted by the tribunal, with importance ascribed to a rheumatologist diagnosis. Concerns are raised regarding lengthy duration from injury to diagnosis, claimants’ high healthcare use, and neglect of mention of previous health status. The attribution of causation of FM to a soft-tissue workplace traumatic event is contentious and requires further examination.
Téléphones et télégraphes au pays des Soviets. Vecteurs et procédés de circulation des techniques de communication en URSS (1918-1939)
Authors: Zakharova Larissa 
Published: January 2013

Cet article se penche sur les vecteurs et les procédés de circulation des techniques de télécommunication en URSS de 1918 à 1939 en suivant les acteurs et leurs motivations. Trois périodes sont distinguées. La première correspond aux années de la guerre civile (1918-1922) et se caractérise par les tentatives d’adapter les techniques étrangères aux conditions d’exploitation soviétiques. La deuxième période (de 1923 à 1928) met en scène le dilemme entre les importations des techniques étrangères et le développement de la production soviétique. Pendant la troisième période (1929-1939) se développe une tendance qui consiste à importer des échantillons pour les copier, et ensuite les reproduire dans les usines soviétiques.
La conformidad, institución clave y tradicional de la justicia negociada en España
Authors: Gómez-Colomer Juan-Luis 
Published: January 2013

Résumé La « conformité » est présentée en Espagne comme la meilleure institution qui représente un processus moderne négocié de la justice. Cependant son ancienneté, ses diverses possibilités et ses règles différentes, ainsi que leur complexité, rendent nécessaire une réforme profonde et l’adaptation aux nouvelles tendances de l’Europe et du système anglo-américain contradictoire. Cet article explique les subtilités du droit espagnol et pointe du doigt ses problèmes et ses défauts.
Irkoutsk ne répond plus. Jules Verne, les médias de masse et l'imaginaire de la rupture de communication
Authors: Pinson Guillaume 
Published: January 2013

Contemporaine de la naissance de la culture médiatique, l’œuvre de Jules Verne est portée par un imaginaire enthousiaste de la communication. En témoignent le personnage du reporter ainsi que les procédés romanesques souvent originaux dont use Verne, comme la délégation de la narration à un reporter fictif ( Claudius Bombarnac ). Mais le romancier interroge aussi les possibilités d’un en-dehors médiatique, comme si à travers ses romans la société de l’information secrétait le fantasme de son envers. D’où les scènes de la rupture de communication : ligne télégraphique coupée ( Michel Strogoff ), télescope voilé ( De la Terre à la Lune ), étendue géographique insurmontable ( L’Île mystérieuse ). L’ère de la communication imprimée s’est peut-être ainsi constituée sur un imaginaire hybride, tendant à la fois à la proclamation d’une communication triomphante et à la formation de récits qui en dévoilent les limites.
Training Program To Improve Well Control Operations
Authors: Langston J.V. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
A well control training program has been developed to give drilling superintendents and drilling engineers the necessary understanding, skill, and practice in well control. The program was designed to 1) teach the theory of well kicks, 2) give a complete understanding of the physical equipment used for controlling kicks and 3) utilize sessions on a practice well where several gas kicks are controlled by actually implementing what has been learned in classroom seminars. The blowout prevention practice well is unique to this program and enables drilling supervisors to increase their confidence and skills under controlled conditions. During the two years that the program has been in operation, all of the drilling personnel in South Texas and many from other company operations have utilized the practice well. The handling of well kicks plus the increased confidence of the supervisors in all phases of drilling operations proves the tangible and reoccuring benefits of the training program.
Standard Methods For Determination Of Relative Toxicity Of Oil Dispersants And Mixtures Of Dispersants And Various Oils To Aquatic Organisms
Authors: Tarzwell C.M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
It is the policy of the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration of the U. S. Department of the Interior that the relative toxicity of all chemical dispersants, both alone and in combination with oil, will be determined prior to their use for the dispersion of oil spills, and the cleaning of beaches and shore installations. Data on the relative toxicity of these materials alone-and when mixed with oil-provide the basis for the effective selection of those materials least toxic to aquatic life and for recommending or prohibiting their use.
The Department takes the position that it is the responsibility of the manufacturer of such products to provide for their product alone and in oil mixture accurate tolerance limit values based on standard short-term bioassays with designated test organisms. The standard bioassay procedure used will be the one recommended by the FWPCA. This procedure is solely for the purpose of providing data which will indicate relative toxicity of dispersants and oil dispersant mixtures. These standard tests do not indicate the long-term toxicity of these materials to aquatic organisms, safe levels for the aquatic biota or for humans, nor do they constitute an endorsement of any material by the FWPCA.
Dispersant Toxicity Test Procedures
Authors: Shelton R.G.J. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The toxicity of chemicals used to disperse oil is considered on the basis of British experience and in relation to effects on fisheries and marine life. It is concluded that although toxic dispersants may be of value in treating oil at sea, they should not be used in large quantities in shallow coastal water, over shellfish beds or fish nursery grounds, or in estuaries. When oil comes ashore the problem should be reduced by mechanical means and chemical methods used only on high-amenity beaches.
Toxicity-testing procedures for dispersants have so far been based upon the determination of LC50 values in static-water aerated tanks at 15°C over a 48-hour period, but a continuous-flow apparatus is being devised. Test animals regularly used are Pandalus montagui, Crangon crangon, Carcinus maenas and Cardium edule, but the fish Solea solea and Limanda limanda and the lobster Homarus gammarus are now being included.
A large number of commercially available dispersants have been tested and also some experimental formulations. Some recently-developed materials for use at sea have low toxicities but are of little value for treating oil which has come ashore. Tainting by oil and dispersants may affect fisheries by adding unwanted flavours to fish and shellfish and so affecting marketability over several weeks.
Laboratory Evaluation Of Chemical Oil Dispersants
Authors: Oda A. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This paper describes some of the methods which can be used to evaluate chemical oil dispersants in order to obtain some preliminary data related to their effectiveness as dispersants and problems that may result from their use. Most of the techniques are quite simple and can be done fairly rapidly in the laboratory. Some of these were borrowed from the standard procedures employed in water and wastewater treatment practices and include jar tests, bioassays, oxygen uptake measurements and threshold odor determinations.
Data derived from these tests may be of some value in situations where a selection of a suitable dispersant must be made on the basis of only limited knowledge and experience.
Chemical Treatment Of Oil Spills
Authors: Struzeski E.J. , Dewling R.T. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Chemical treatment methods have been used at all recent major oil spills with varying degrees of success. It is the intention of this paper to bring to light the latest technical information on the applicability and effectiveness of the various chemicals and materials presently available for preventing and or controlling oil spills. Special emphasis is given to techniques designed to absorb and gel oils floating on the water surface, to sink oils, and to permit burning of the oil mass upon open waters and affected shorelines.
The impact, consequences and damages of small and large oil spills are covered by other prominent speakers at this Conference, and therefore, will be only briefly mentioned as necessary.
Kinetics Of Dissipation And Biodegradation Of Crude Oil In Alaska's Cook Inlet
Authors: Kinney P.J. , Button D.K. , Schell D.M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The results of a study to quantitatively define the magnitude of oil pollution problems in Alaska's Cook Inlet are reported. Physical dissipation and biodegration rates were determined and combined with estimates of hydrocarbon input rates to assess the fate of oil in Cook Inlet. The question of accumulation of crude oil components within the Inlet is considered from the above results and by direct analysis. Results indicate that hydrocarbon accumulation is less than our present limits of detection. Cook Inlet flushing is 90 per cent complete in 10 months. Experimental results show that unsupplemented Cook Inlet water effectively degrades Cook Inlet crude, that this biodegradation is essentially complete in the order of a few months, and that the biodegration capacity of Cook Inlet is large. Thus biodegration is more important than physical flushing in removing hydrocarbon pollutants from Cook Inlet. The methods and results are discussed in terms of their applicability to other areas.
OIL SPILLED WITH ICE: SOME QUALITATIVE ASPECTS
Authors: Barber F.G. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The note gives an indication of the ways in which containment by an ice cover of spilled oil can occur and of some of the ways in which the containment may be utilized in cleanup. There is in the experience the implication that certain characteristics of an ice cover may be usefully simulated in a man-made structure.
A JOINT STATE-INDUSTRY PROGRAM FOR OIL POLLUTION CONTROL
Authors: Neal R. W. , Schimke G.R. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
This paper describes a project undertaken to establish specific measures for reducing the threat of oil pollution and to respond more effectively to oil spills in an intensely utilized estuarine area near Boston. Its recommendations are the result of a study of potential sources of pollution and the mechanisms that spread it. To help design a fast-response system for containing and removing spilled oil, the study team developed a computer program that could predict the probable path of oil spilled anywhere in the area under various conditions of wind and tide. This information was used to select locations for containment devices and determine the speed with which they would have to be deployed. The study was supported by the Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control and aided by the active cooperation of local industries through a joint industry committee.
A CHEMICAL TAGGING SYSTEM FOR USE IN THE PREVENTION OF OIL SPILLS
Authors: Landowne R.A. , Wainright R.B. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The bulk handling of various oils, especially crudes and fuel oils, presents many chances for accidental spills. The single most effective deterrent would be a tag in the oil which would positively identify the party responsible for spilled oil at the time of spillage. Crude petroleum from one field can usually be distinguished from another by analyzing for trace constituents, such as heavy metals, but would not discriminate among operators and carriers who handle the same crude. Such discrimination is best achieved via chemical tags blended into the oil at the time of change in responsibility.
The most important property criteria for chemical tags are discussed, including sensitivity, stability in the spill environment, and non-interference with processing or use of the oil. It is also necessary that the tags belong to a system providing a large coding vocabulary. The Organic Electrophore System is described, together with preliminary findings which suggest it will satisfy the above criteria. Ability to detect a tag at 1 ppb concentration in crude oil using commercially available gas chromatographic instrumentation is reported. Questions to be resolved before the system can be brought to operational status are discussed.
CALIFORNIA CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR OIL AND OTHER HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS
Authors: Matthews John F. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
There is a dual approach in California for the contingency plan for spills in that it must tie in with federal plans plus suffice for the needs of local areas within the state. There are specifications in the plan for one state authority to be in complete charge of the state's response. In addition, the California approach also includes a State Interagency Oil Spill Committee which draws its members from the various affected state agencies. Members of industry cooperatives, industry itself, and federal agencies aid by adding input at committee meetings.
In organizing the state plan, three basic items have been catalogued: the type of areas within the state, the possible sources of pollution including probable quantities, and the capability of the local areas. Types of areas include the various shoreline configurations including offshore islands and inland areas. Probable sources include tankers, pipelines, and transportation systems. The capability of local areas includes manpower, equipment, and dump sites; the prime consideration, though, is the interest of the governmental entities in these areas as lack of interest will require increased involvement by the state government.
Overall regulations must be continually reviewed in relation to the federal plans or local conditions and the State Interagency Oil Spill Committee is used in California for this purpose.
The state's basic consideration always is the protection of its populace and natural resources.
OIL VERSUS OTHER HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Authors: Thompson C. Hugh 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The Water Quality improvement Act of 1970 requires that pollution by oil and hazardous substances other than oil be addressed by the Federal Government. By satisfying the several provisions of the Law an overlap occurs when dealing with establishing the difference between oil and hazardous substances.
To satisfy in part the provisions of sections 11 and 12 of the Law, regulations are to be promulgated for oil and hazardous substances. A rationale is presented in this paper which, when combined with the regulations, should allow industry and government to proceed in this area without detailed lists of materials being required. The rationale is based upon a material being petroleum derived or extractable or having defined chemical structure.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION INTO THE SINKING OF OIL SPILLS WITH PARTICULATE SOLIDS
Authors: Fordes O. , Jongbloed L. J. Schmit 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
This paper describes experimental laboratory work relevant to the sinking of floating oil spills.
The results show that aqueous sand slurries treated with an amine acetate salt have satisfactory sinking and retention properties. In general, aqueous sand slurries containing cationic wetting agents of widely different water solubilities can effect sinking provided that the concentration of the wetting agent is within the range necessary to give oleophilic sand surfaces. Fine powders have better retention properties than have sands, but are unsatisfactory sinkers unless mechanical stirring is provided.
To sink stable water-in-oil emulsions effectively a sinker application rate is required which allows for the cohesive structure of the emulsion as well as for the wetting of the sinker by the oil phase.
Work relevant to fears that bottom trawling fishing gear may be fouled in areas where oil slicks had been sunk shows that under very severe experimental conditions hydrophilic and oleophilic fishing net twines can be fouled, but the significance of this in relation to practical considerations is unknown. The feasibility of preventing carpet formation by sunken oil/solid masses by reducing the size of the sinking oil/solid droplets and delaying or preventing their coalescence by spraying a dispersant onto the oil before sinker application is discussed.
Standard laboratory procedures in direct support of the Shell Sand Sink method are detailed.