bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of acoustic and ultrasonic nondestructive testing for evaluating melon quality
Authors: Khuriyati N , Kasih A N , Perdana M R A , Izdihar F Y , Falah M A F , Wagiman  
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a high-value agricultural commodity known worldwide for its sweet taste and crisp flesh texture, which are important factors for quality and consumer acceptance. Unfortunately, quality testing and determining the optimal harvest time for achieving desired melon characteristics are traditionally performed through destructive methods. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of acoustic and ultrasonic tests for predicting the physicochemical properties of Honey Globe melons (Cucumis melo L. var. inodorus). A total of 100 melon samples were used in this study. For the nondestructive ultrasonic testing, attenuation values served as its variable, whereas in acoustic testing, variables included frequency, magnitude, short-term energy, and zero-moment. Fruit’s flesh firmness and total soluble solids (TSS) as physicochemical quality properties were determined using destructive tests. The calibration phase involved 80 melon samples, employing a K-Fold Cross Validation approach with ten folds, done on Partial Least Square Regression (PLS) modeling. Another 20 melon samples were used for blind testing. Reliability evaluation was done on key metrics, consisting of R2 values, RMSEC (Root Mean Square Error of Calibration), RMSECV (Root Mean Square Error of Cross-Validation), RMSEP (Root Mean Square Error of Prediction), and RPD (Ratio of Performance to Deviation). Analysis results on these metrics collectively support the conclusion that both ultrasonic and acoustic methods exhibit their potential to predict the firmness properties of melon fruits. The best evaluation result that has been conducted for the ultrasonic test uses attenuation, age, and density as predictors to predict fruit firmness, with R2 = 0.763 and RPD = 2.945, while the acoustic test achieved the best result with magnitude used as a predictor to predict fruit firmness with R2 = 0.718 and RPD = 2.230. However, evaluation metrics on the prediction of total soluble solids for both nondestructive tests were still not good enough for application with low R2 and RPD value.
The conceptual model of Indonesian palm oil supply chain based on blockchain
Authors: Adisetya E , Sunardi  , Gunawan S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Indonesia is the world’s largest producer and consumer of palm oil. However, the palm oil supply chain faces numerous challenges related to actors, traceability, transparency, and sustainability. To address these issues, a conceptual model for a blockchain-based palm oil supply chain in Indonesia is proposed. The model aims to leverage the decentralized and immutable nature of blockchain technology. It incorporates components such as smart contracts, distributed ledgers, and data sharing mechanisms to enhance traceability, transparency, and sustainability in the palm oil supply chain. The research utilized the SSM (Soft System Methodology) and CATWOE (Customer, Actor, Transformation, Worldview, Owner, Environment) methodologies. The actors involved in the palm oil supply chain include smallholders, plantation companies, third-party suppliers, middlemen, traders, palm oil mills, refineries, distributors, retailers, and consumers. The blockchain conceptual model is structured based on a sustainable supply chain model that considers economic, social, and environmental aspects. Blockchain transactions regulate the process of supply chain actors, while stakeholders such as the government, financial institutions, palm oil research organizations, NGOs, and consumers are involved. The blockchain-based supply chain model is expected to address the key issues of the palm oil supply chain, aiming for a sustainable supply chain system. By implementing this model, it is anticipated that the palm oil industry can achieve greater accountability, transparency, and environmental sustainability.
Optimizing the drying process with the surface response method for snap beans, sweet corn, and carrots
Authors: Kumalasari R , Anggraeny S , Ikrawan Y , Indrianti N , Sholichah E , Ratnawati L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Vegetables contain many nutrients that are susceptible to loss when dried. Pre-treatment is needed to reduce nutrient loss during drying. This research aims to determine optimal pre-treatment and drying conditions for dried vegetables. Optimization using the D-optimal response surface method for snap beans, carrots, and sweet corn. The optimized process conditions are drying temperature (45°C, 50°C, 55°C); blanching technique at 75°C (immersion, steaming); freezing treatment (with freezing -20°C 24 hours, without freezing); and type of dryer (cabinet dryer, dehydrator). The research results show that immersion blanching (75°C), freezing (-20°C, 24 hours), and cabinet dryer type at 50°C are the best conditions for processing dried snap beans. The best method for drying sweet corn is immersion blanching (75°C), freezing (-20°C, 24 hours), and drying in a dehydrator-type drying at 50°C. Immersion blanching (75°C), freezing (-20°C, 24 hours), and dehydrator-type dryer at 55°C are the best methods for drying carrots.
Manufacture and performance test of suspended batch centrifuge for extraction of glucomannan from porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
Authors: Hanifah U , Novrinaldi  , Haryanto A , Furqon M , Ma`muri  , Mulyani D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Porang is a potential local agricultural commodity in Indonesia for future food. This commodity contains ingredients beneficial for health, namely glucomannan, but also contains calcium oxalate, which is dangerous for the skin and kidneys. For this reason, it needs treatment to remove the oxalate content and other impurities in it. This research aims to manufacture and carry out performance tests on centrifuge equipment to remove oxalate and other impurities from porang flour. In the tubers porang glucomannan extracting process, the centrifuges machine separates the solvent (ethanol) and other impurities, such as the oxalate and starch, centrifugation principle. The type of centrifuge manufactured is the suspended batch centrifuge type, where the solids will remain in the walls of the centrifuge while the liquid solvent and other fine particles are thrown out of the centrifuge. The machine’s overall dimensions are 1049 mm × 697 mm in height and width, with a designed capacity of 2 kg of porang flour per batch. The main components of the centrifuge consist of a material intake system equipped with a suction pump, a centrifuge tube equipped screen, a centrifuge housing static tube equipped slurry outlet, a drive motor, a mounting frame, and a control panel. Functional and performance tests have been carried out on centrifuges with rotation variations speeds of 500, 750, and 1000 rpm. The response parameters observed were energy consumption, machine vibration, and effectiveness of solids and slurry extraction. Data analysis for response parameters using ANOVA. Increasing centrifuge rotation in the range of 500-1000 rpm did not significantly affect extraction effectiveness (P>0.05) however, energy consumption and vibration showed significant differences (P<0.05) due to differences in centrifuge rotation speed.
Organoleptic properties of peranakan etawa goat’s milk ice cream mixed with purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) and its financial feasibility analysis
Authors: Fitrotin U , El-Maula G M , Djaafar T F , Rosida  , Marwati T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The strong goaty flavor of Peranakan Etawa (PE) goat’s milk causes problems when it is processed into various derivative products, including ice cream. The research objectives are to examine the effect of the purple sweet potato pasta addition on the organoleptic properties of ice cream made from PE goat’s milk and to analyze its financial feasibility. The ingredients used are PE goat’s milk, purple sweet potato, and other ice cream-forming aids. The treatment consisted of three concentration levels of purple sweet potato pasta, namely 20%, 25%, and 30%. Organoleptic test was carried out by 30 untrained panelists. Statistical analysis method of ANOVA was applied to compare the effect of each treatment to the quality parameter of obtained ice cream. Financial feasibility analysis of ice cream production on a production scale/year (4,800 packs of ice cream). The results showed that PE goat’s milk mixed with 30% purple sweet potato pasta produced better than the other treatments and significantly different organoleptic properties compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Production of PE goat’s milk ice cream mixed with purple sweet potato has a Break-Even Point (BEP) of Rp. 15,869,024 with a profit of Rp. 7,729,104 per year, Gross B/C ratio 1.62 and a payback period of 2 years and 6 months. Thus, mixing purple sweet potato as much as 30% in PE goat’s milk ice cream provides the best organoleptic properties and opportunities for household-scale businesses.
Effect of soy protein isolate addition on the physical and sensory characteristics of dry noodles with modified-cassava flour substituted
Authors: Guritno G P , David W , Novitasari E , Ratnaningsih R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Incorporating modified cassava flour (MCF) into dry noodles production exhibited a notable drawback, namely its inadequate protein composition, hence rendering it non-compliant with the established SNI 01-2974-1996 criterion for dry noodles. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of soy protein isolate (SPI) application into dry noodles substituted with modified cassava flour (DNMCF), with a focus on evaluating the moisture, protein, physical and sensory quality of the resulting products in compliance with the Indonesia National Standard (SNI 01-2974-1996). The soy protein isolate (SPI) was applied at varying percentages (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) in the formulation. The findings showed that moisture and protein content in dry noodles prepared using MCF substitution and supplemented with 5%, 7.5%, and 10% of SPI aligned with the standards outlined 1 in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The findings indicated that including 5% SPI resulted in sensory attributes, including color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptability, that closely resembled those of the control sample. In contrast, adding 7.5% and 10% of SPI provided sensory characteristics significantly different from the control. The hedonic test conducted on commercial DNMCF revealed that including MCF and 5% of SPI did not result in any statistically significant differences in acceptability, aroma, taste, texture, and overall perception (p>0.05). The color of DNMCF with SPI application had a discernible tinge of brown in contrast to the commercial DNMCF, which has been deemed unsatisfactory by the panelists. The inclusion of SPI at a concentration of 5% resulted in the following composition: 6.41% of moisture content, 3.32% of ash, 11.74% of protein, 0.38% of fat, and 78.16% of carbohydrate. The application of 5% SPI on DNMCF met the consumer preference and met the quality standard of SNI 01-2974-1996.
In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of aqueous extract of microalgae strain MRB-1, MRB-2, and MRB-3
Authors: Darsih C , Ni’maturrohmah D , Suryani R , Susanti H , Hidhayati N 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The awareness growth of human health encourages market demand of functional food. Microalgae are promoted as natural resources for functional food, food additives and food preservatives, considering their metabolites and nutrient-rich components with diverse pharmacological activities. This study aims to evaluate the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of aqueous extracts of microalgae strain MRB-1, MRB-2, and MRB-3. The morphological surface of microalgae cells was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The metabolites of the extract were conducted using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy (LC-HRMS) with positive and negative ion modes. In addition, the antioxidant activity was evaluated using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar disk-diffusion method against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739). The total phenolic contents (TPC) of the extract was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The result revealed that the aqueous extract of microalgae strain MRB-1 had the highest scavenging activity toward DPPH radicals with a value of 24.33±1.44% at 0.8 mg/mL. This data was in accordance with the TPC of the extract, whereas the highest TPC was also obtained from strain MRB-1 extract (17.73±0.64 mg GAE/g extract). Meanwhile, the MRB-2 extract had the highest inhibition activity against S. aureus, with a value of 11.78±2.06 mm at 18 mg/mL. The results of this study indicated that microalgae from the peatlands potentially benefit to human health as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial source.
Antioxidant and antielastase activities of antiaging granules containing aloe vera (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) and rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.)
Authors: Chandra E C , Wulandari R , Ni’maturrohmah D , Arsiningtyas I S , Nisa K , Sefrienda A R , Suryani A E , Haryanti S , Handayani S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Skin aging can be overcome with natural ingredients acting as antiaging agents. Several compounds in aloe vera gel (Aloe vera) and rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa) have antiaging activity. This study aims to determine the effect of granule products containing combinations of aloe vera gel and rosella in a 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1 ratio on the physical and chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and antielastase activities. This study used a laboratory experimental research design using a completely randomized design (CRD). Solubility time, color, and viscosity tests were used to determine the physical characteristics. Moisture content, pH, total anthocyanins, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, total polysaccharide, o-acetyl polysaccharide, antioxidant, and antielastase were used to determine the chemical characteristics. Antioxidant and antielastase were used to determine the antiaging activity of granules. The result revealed that the combination of aloe vera gel and rosella at 1:3 significantly increased antioxidant and antielastase activity of antiaging granule products compared to untreated granule control. The granules containing aloe vera gel and rosella in this study showed antioxidant and antielastase activities.
Changes in lipid profiles of hypercholesterolemic rat (Rattus norvegicus) treated with iles-iles synbiotic effervescent tablets
Authors: Ngatirah  , Wijaya R P , Ruswanto A , Widyasaputra R , Syaflan M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The development of innovations in the use of functional food is growing, especially in the health sector. Synbiotic products are developed by combining prebiotics with probiotics. Synbiotic effervescent tablets provide prebiotic and probiotic compounds as supplements so they can be consumed and provide healthy effects. This study aims to determine the effect of giving synbiotic effervescent tablets from iles-iles tubers on lipid profiles and determine the lowest dose of synbiotic effervescent tablets in reducing cholesterol levels in blood rats. This study used the Randomized Complete Block Design as the experimental design, with a dose of tablet treatment 0.045 g/day/200 g rat body weight (half of normal dose), 0.09 g/day/200 g rat body weight (normal dose), and 0.18 g/day/200 g rat body weight (twice of normal dose). Rats given distilled water without being treated with tablets were used as controls. The lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL) of the rats were measured after the treatment. Body weight changes were also monitored throughout the study. Treatment using synbiotic effervescent tablets at all doses for 28 days can lower total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL and increase HDL. The highest cholesterol reduction (49.94%) was found in rats given tablet doses twice the normal dose for 28 days.
Estrus response to estrus synchronization using prostaglandin nanoparticle in beef cattle in Majalengka regency
Authors: Kusumaningrum DA , Sopiyana S , Gustiani E , Praharani L , Widiawati Y , Arrazy AF , Kostaman T , Azizah N , Adiati U , Rusdiana S , Hafid A , Muttaqin Z 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the estrus response to the applying of prostaglandin nanoparticles (PNp) in two different estrous synchronization protocols. The estrus synchronization occurred in the Majalengka Regency in different years at the same location. The first study (study 1), estrus synchronization was carried out using a single PNp injection protocol, which was preceded by corpus luteum (CL) selection (21 cows). The second study (study 2), double PNp injections were carried out at day-0 and day-11 without prior CL selection (23 cows). The observation of estrus: onset of estrus and estrus quality (score 0-3) were observed 1-5 days after the PNp injection. Results of the study showed that 100% of the cattle were in estrus 2-3 days after the injection of PNp (study 1). The study 2, the estrus response appeared 2-3 days after the PNp injection: 17.35% showed an estrus response after the first PNp injection, 78.26% showed an estrus response at the second PNp injection, and 4.35% showed no estrus response. The pregnancy rate after estrus synchronization is 66.7% and 68.2% for studies 1 and 2. It can be concluded that there is a good response to estrus and pregnancy rate in the application of PNp in both single injections preceding CL selection and double injections with two periods of insemination. Both methods can be applied for estrus synchronization for more savings in PNp hormone administration. The application of that method depends on hormone availability and technician expertise in CL detection.
The effect of feeding level on protein and energy utilization in young and mature Kacang goats
Authors: Luthfi N , Rianto E , Mukminah N , Lestari C M S , Purbowati E , Purnomoadi A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the amount of feeding on nutrient utilization of Kacang goats. This study used 16 heads, consisting of 8 young Kacang goats (5-6 months old), weighing 12.75 kg (CV = 2.4%), and 8 mature Kacang goats (12-15 months old), weighing 17.34 kg (CV = 2.7%). The diet was in the form of pellets, consisting of 25% wheat straw, 32% soybean meal, 39% rice bran, 3% sugarcane molasses, and 1% minerals. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) in a nested structure. The main factor (the nest) was the age of the goat, i.e. young and mature, while the second factor (the nested factor) was feeding level, i.e. low (maintenance level) and high (twice maintenance level). The parameters were dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), protein and energy intake, protein and energy digestibility, protein and energy retention, body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion. The results showed the goat of high feeding level had higher DMI (P<0.05) than that of low feeding level, both in the young goat (243 g/d vs 466 g/d) and the mature goat (303g/d vs 657). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in DMD between feeding levels and between age of goats (averaged 73.67%). The goats of high level had higher (P<0.01) nutrients retention in goats and the mature goats. The goats of high feeding level had significantly higher (P<0.05) BWG than that of low feeding level (14.64 g/d vs 41.95 g/d in the young goat and 18.35 g/d vs 58.77 g/d in the mature goat). The high feeding level resulted in lower FCR (P<0.01) than the lower feeding level, both in the young goats (16.40 vs 11.44) and in the mature goats (16.47 vs 11.47). It can be concluded that young and mature Kacang goats had similar abilities in feed digestion. The higher feeding level resulted in the better utilization of dietary protein and energy, and productivity of the goat.
Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Silage Inoculant Candidate
Authors: Rohmatussolihat  , Ridwan Roni , Astuti Wulansih D. , Fidriyanto Rusli , Meliah Siti , Sarwono Ki A. , Fitri Ainissya , Sopiani Piyah , Ragamustari Safendrri K. , Ilyas Muhammad , Widyastuti Yantyati , Ridla Muhammad , Mubarik Nisa Rachmania , Jayanegara Anuraga 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Silage fermentation is generally assisted by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The aim of this study was to screen selected LABs for silage inoculant. A total of 60 LAB isolates from the Indonesian Culture Collection (InaCC) were used in this study. Screening was carried out in an MRS broth medium using three different substrates, which were glucose, sucrose, and carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC). The supernatant from LAB cultures was tested for pH, lactic acid (LA) concentration, antimicrobial activity, and cellulolytic activity. The results of the screening obtained 4 LAB isolates to be used as silage inoculant. Three LAB isolates selected from the glucose substrate were Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC-B1024, Lactobacillus plantarum InaCC-B1028, and L. brevis InaCC-B1052. Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1024 has a pH, LA concentration, cellulolytic activity, and percentage inhibition of 3.71, 318.931 mM, and 0.806 U/mL, > 95% antibacterial inhibition against B. subtilis, S. auerus, K. michiganensis, S. lloydii, and S. gallinarum, and <35% antifungal activity against M. ramosissimus, A.
flavus, F. oxysporum, and P. griseofulvum, respectively. L. plantarum InaCC-B1028 has a pH, LA concentration, cellulolytic activity, and percentage activity of 3.61, 318.833 mM, 0.866 U/ml, > 95% antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, E. coli, M. luteus, S.auerus, K. michiganensis, S.lloydii, S. gallinarum, and < 40% antifungal activity against M. ramosissimus, A.
flavus, F. oxysporum, and P. griseofulvum, respectively. L. brevis InaCC-B1052 has a pH, LA concentration, cellulolytic activity, and percentage activity of 3.67, 301.676 mM, no cellulolytic activity, > 95% antibacterial activity against E. coli, M. luteus, S. auerus, K. michiganensis, S. lloydii, S. gallinarum, and < 25% antifungal activity against M. ramosissimus and A. flavus, respectively. One LAB isolate selected from sucrose was L. kimchii InaCC-B982. Its pH, LA concentration, cellulolytic activity, and percentage activity were 3.77, 285.5 mM, 7.288 U/mL, > 95% antibacterial activity against E. coli, M. luteus, S. auerus, K. michiganensis, S. lloydii, S. gallinarum, and <15% antifungal activity against M. ramosissimus, A.
flavus, F. oxysporum, and
P. griseofulvum, respectively. Based on the results, the four LABs could be used as silage inoculant candidates.