bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buckling and vibration analysis of layered and multiphase magneto‐electro‐elastic cylinders subjected to uniform thermal loading
Authors: Kumaravel A. , Ganesan N. , Sethuraman Raju 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to investigate the linear thermal buckling and vibration analysis of layered and multiphase magneto‐electro‐elastic (MEE) cylinders made of piezoelectric/piezomagnetic materials using finite element method.Design/methodology/approachThe constitutive equations of MEE materials are used to derive the finite element equations involving the coupling between mechanical, electrical, magnetic and thermal fields. The present study is limited to clamped‐clamped boundary conditions. The linear thermal buckling is carried out for an axisymmetric cylinder operating in a steady state axisymmetric uniform temperature rise. The influence of stacking sequences and volume fraction of multiphase MEE materials on critical buckling temperature and vibration behaviour is investigated. The influence of coupling effects on critical buckling temperature and vibration behaviour is also studied.FindingsThe critical buckling temperature is higher for MEE axisymmetric cylinder as compared to elastic cylinder.Originality/valueLinear thermal buckling and vibration analysis of MEE axisymmetric cylinders are studied using the finite element approach. The structure can be used for active vibration control, sensors and actuators. Studying the buckling and vibration behaviour of such structures and influence of coupling effect is extremely useful for the design of magnetoelectroelastic structures.
Crystallographic life model for single crystal turbine blade and validation by the miniature specimens cut from the turbine blades
Authors: Wen Zhixun , Hou Naixian , Wang Baizhi , Yue Zhufeng 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to found a life model for the single crystal (SC) turbine blade based on the rate‐dependent crystallographic plasticity theory.Design/methodology/approachThis life model has taken into consideration the creep and fatigue damages by the linear accumulation theory. A SC blade was taken from an aero‐engine, which had worked for 1,000 hours, as the illustration to validate the life model.FindingsThe crystallographic life model has a good prediction to the life and damage of the SC turbine blade. In the mean time, the micro damage study of the miniature specimens showed that creep damage has more serious influence on the material performance in the blade body but it is fatigue damage in the blade rabbet.Originality/valueThe life model can reflect the crystalline slip and deformation and crystallographic orientation of nickel‐based SC superalloys.
School-based child sexual abuse prevention programmes: The evidence on effectiveness
Authors: Barron Ian , Topping Keith 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This narrative review explored the efficacy of school-based child sexual abuse prevention programmes between 1990 and 2002. There were 22 efficacy studies that met clear inclusion criteria. Results covered both methodological design and the range of outcome measures. Methodology was analysed through four dimensions (target population, prevention programme implementation, evaluation methodology and cost-effectiveness). Outcomes for children covered nine categories (knowledge, skills, emotion, perception of risk, touch discrimination, reported response to actual threat/abuse, disclosure, negative effects and maintenance of gains). The studies had many methodological limitations. Prevention programmes had a measure of effectiveness in increasing children
'
s awareness of child sexual abuse as well as self-protective skills. Beyond minimal disclosure rates, there was no evidence to demonstrate that programmes protected children from intra-familial sexual abuse. For a small number of children prevention programmes produced minimal negative emotional effects. Recommendations for future research, policy and practice, include realistic outcomes for child participants and locating programmes within wider abuse prevention measures.
Reflections from the ‘frontline’: social workers ' experiences of post-qualifying child care training and their current work practices in the new children ' s services
Authors: Masson Helen , Frost Nick , Parton Nigel 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– In the context of current developments in children ' s services in the UK and increased emphasis on workforce development, the authors describe a survey of successful completers of a Post-qualifying (PQ) Child Care Award Programme, one of 18 such programmes in England that ran between 2001 and 2006/7. The survey ' s aims were twofold: first, to gather the respondents ' overall evaluations of their PQ training and information about their past and current work circumstances; and second, to explore their knowledge and opinions on the latest developments in children ' s services in relation to their own work practices. The findings from the survey are outlined under four themes, which are then discussed in relation to other relevant studies, reviews on the role and tasks of social workers and current developments associated with the Every Child Matters agenda and the integrated workforce. Concerns are raised about whether social work professionalism is being effectively utilised within the current children ' s services arrangements.
The entrepreneurial role of profit‐and‐loss sharing modes of finance: theory and practice
Authors: Kayed Rasem N. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find out whether profit‐and‐loss‐sharing (PLS) modes of finance have become viable financial alternatives for entrepreneurship and enterprise development or whether they are still merely an academic endeavour.Design/methodology/approachThe method employed in this study is a combination of extensive examination of existing literature and critical analysis of the outcomes of several relevant studies in order to establish the convergent/divergent relationship between theory and practice in Islamic finance.FindingsBased on available bank level and country level data, the paper presents evidence that the divergence between the theoretical perspective and the practical implementation of PLS modes of finance is widening to an alarming level. The paper argues that this divergence by no means can be attributed to the construct and the disposition of the PLS instruments; it is rather the product of the negative attitude and the lack of proper infrastructure of the majority of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) – and their (reluctance) to accommodate entrepreneurship through the genuine implementation of PLS instruments.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study draw attention to the visible shortage in practical research pertaining to the application of the principles of PLS modes in financing entrepreneurial activities. The study suggests that the relevance, the direction and the resilience of future research undertakings should be focused on bridging the increasing gap between the prescribed role of PLS instruments and the actual performance of IFIs in promoting socio‐economic development through the creation of a vibrant entrepreneurship sector.Originality/valueThe paper points out that while PLS models dominate the theoretical literature on Islamic finance, and whereas the majority of mainstream Muslim scholars and financial authorities overwhelmingly judge PLS models as being compelling financial options and practical developmental tools, the reality of Islamic finance paints a different picture. The paper emphasizes the need for IFIs to conform to their own charters and assume a leading developmental role in order to realize al‐Shariah objectives (maqasid al Shariah). The paper identifies key research areas that warrant the attention of keen researchers with interest in the field of Islamic finance and entrepreneurship development.
Iran's post‐war financial system
Authors: Moayedi Vafa , Aminfard Matin 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide solid examination of Iran's Islamic financial system and its development after the end of the Iran‐Iraq war in 1988.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is conducted by using financial data over the period 1993‐2007 as solid data aren't available for the period 1988‐1992. Parallel, 39 other countries are analyzed as well in order to have a solid international basis of comparison. The data are provided by the World Bank's financial dataset. The paper computes three key‐indices referring to the activity, efficiency, and size of Iran's financial sectors. A fourth measure is calculated as an aggregated index of the three key‐indices in order to allow a vivid comparison with other countries.FindingsIran's financial system is apparently highly bank‐based. The paper can confirm that Iran has been struggling for a less bank‐based financial system during this period. Although Iran still shows up a mainly bank‐based financial system, its financial market has been growing by considerable rates during the examined period. When referring to the international comparison, Iran shows up an underdeveloped and weak financial system, especially in regard to its stock market.Originality/valueThere haven't been any similar research for this time period using this kind of indices. Especially, Iranian economists haven't used this very comprehensive approach in order to confirm the widely made assumption of a bank‐based Iranian financial system. This study sheds light on the topic and at the same time offers a comprehensive picture of Iran's financial system.
Knowledge management practices within Hong Kong organizations
Authors: Edmonson Robert R. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how knowledge is currently being collected, distributed, managed and the perspective of knowledge management's (KM) strategic significance to performance within a broad range of Hong Kong organizations.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was administered to a broad cross‐section of Hong Kong business organizations to elicit input regarding current KM practices within the organization, their perspective on its value to organizational performance and competitive advantages.FindingsThe results indicate a fuzziness exists concerning KM's potential benefits. Majority of respondents felt a KM policy existed, while a smaller number did not and even less did not know. Findings show a high dependence on personal networks and a high use of information technology tools such as intranet, Groupware, and other decision support tools. Barriers to sharing included power loss, appearing dependent, a basic unwillingness to share with national culture possibly playing a role. Incentives did not appear to encourage sharing with management of KM programs not focused on a particular department or individual. Respondents were evenly divided over strategic benefits but felt the existence of an internal culture that promoted sharing could result in competitive market advantages.Practical implicationsFirst, it provides a better understanding of KM issues within Hong Kong organizations, the current status of KM's implementation and readiness to accept and adopt best KM practices. Second, the findings also offer business practitioners a better understanding of the internal mechanisms necessary to leverage a firm's specific resources. Finally, the results shed additional clarity on the fuzziness surrounding KM's correlation to being strategically significant to the firm.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies, the paper uses a holistic approach as opposed to best practices firms. The findings contribute to previous research and provide insights into current practices which identified differences and gaps; recognized areas of improvement; and should help stimulate use of KM and provided an understanding of internal mechanisms necessary to leverage internal resources.
Pre‐storm emergency supplies inventory planning
Authors: Lodree Emmett J. 
Published: November 2014

PurposePlanning inventories for emergency supplies such as bottled water, non‐perishable foods, batteries, and flashlights can be challenging for retailers situated within the projected path of a severe storm. The retailer's inventory decisions are complicated by the inherent volatility of storm forecasts and the corresponding demand predictions. The purpose of this paper is to explore both proactive and reactive inventory control policies within the context of probable pre‐storm demand surge for a fast‐moving emergency supply item, and identify the conditions that are most conducive to each strategy according to the minimax decision criterion.Design/methodology/approachThe inventory system is formulated based on an underlying economic order quantity framework. Minimax decision rules are developed analytically. Sensitivity analysis is facilitated by both analytic and numerical methods.FindingsThe conditions that are conducive to a proactive ordering strategy are limited supplier flexibility, acute demand surge, and exorbitant reorder costs; otherwise, the minimax inventory control policy is given by a reactive ordering strategy.Research limitations/implicationsThe above‐mentioned findings are based on a stylized inventory model characterized by assumptions that are consistent with the academic literature. In order to assess the implications of these results in practice, the model should be extended according to the relevance of each assumption to specific real‐world inventory systems.Social implicationsHouseholders preparing for probable evacuation or post‐storm power outages typically overwhelm grocery and home improvement stores during a brief period prior to the impact of an approaching weather system. This phenomenon triggers a temporary spike in demand for several stock keeping units, which is oftentimes accompanied by pervasive inventory shortages that proliferate community vulnerability and engender a sense of disarray throughout the local populace. Effective inventory management of emergency supply items during this period can help alleviate some of these social dilemmas.Originality/valueFew academic publications address inventory management from the perspective of humanitarian relief. Among existing studies, the emphasis has been coordination of emergency supplies for post‐disaster relief and recovery activities. This paper appears to be the first academic investigation of an inventory system driven by the pre‐storm demand surge for emergency supplies that typically occurs in the presence of an ominous and potentially devastating weather system. Additionally, this study conceivably represents the first minimax distribution free approach to inventory control within the context of humanitarian logistics and disruption management.
Research in humanitarian logistics
Authors: Overstreet Robert E. , Hall Dianne , Hanna Joe B. , Kelly Rainer R. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide future researchers with a framework for conducting research in the unique field of humanitarian logistics.Design/methodology/approachThe authors categorized humanitarian logistics research articles. Borrowing from the theory of constraints and management information systems literature, the authors developed a framework for research.FindingsThe review of humanitarian logistics literature indicates that researchers have begun to lay the foundation for a core body of knowledge. While there is a growing body of research in humanitarian logistics, it is predominately focused on the area of planning.Originality/valueThis effort categorizes past research using elements of logistics, develops a framework for research in humanitarian logistics, and recommends areas for further research.
Toponymy as Commodity: Exploring the Economic Dimensions of Urban Place Names
Authors: Light Duncan , Young Craig 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn recent years the study of urban toponymy (place names) has been revitalized by the emergence of a ‘critical toponymies' approach. This focuses on the cultural politics of place naming and the decisions involved in attributing names to the urban landscape. However, in contemporary cities place names have an economic role in addition to their political role. In particular, there have been recent calls for more attention to the commodification of place‐naming rights and practices. This article seeks to respond to these calls by addressing the issue of urban place names as commodities. It begins by examining the naming of sports stadia by corporate sponsors. It then considers a range of ways in which private‐sector interests are increasingly influencing the naming of the urban landscape, from buildings and neighbourhoods to individual streets. Even the material signage that identifies street names can be appropriated within branding and promotional strategies. Moreover, urban place names are increasingly incorporated into a range of commercially produced spatial datasets collated by private companies. The article ends by proposing a number of directions for future research into the economic role of urban place names and the commodification of toponymy more broadly.
Maternal hypertensive disorders, antihypertensive medication use, and the risk of birth defects: a case–control study
Authors: van Gelder MMHJ , Van Bennekom CM , Louik C , Werler MM , Roeleveld N , Mitchell AA 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo study previously identified associations between specific maternal hypertensive disorders and/or prenatal exposure to antihypertensive medication and birth defects.DesignCase–control study.SettingSlone Birth Defects Study, 1998–2010.PopulationA total of 5568 cases with birth defects and 7253 liveborn infants without malformations as controls.MethodsAdjusted odds ratios (aORs) for birth defects associated with prenatal exposure to maternal hypertensive disorders and/or antihypertensive medication were calculated using multivariable logistic regression analyses.Main outcome measuresSpecific birth defects previously linked to maternal hypertension or antihypertensive medication use during pregnancy.ResultsNon‐pharmacologically managed chronic hypertension was associated with a three‐fold risk of oesophageal atresia (95% CI 1.2–8.3), and pre‐eclampsia superimposed on non‐pharmacologically managed chronic hypertension was associated with ventricular septal defects (aOR 3.9, 95% CI 1.3–11.7) and atrial septal defects (aOR 6.5, 95% CI 1.8–23.7). For chronic hypertension that was pharmacologically treated early in pregnancy, increased risks were observed for first‐degree hypospadias (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.4). Non‐pharmacologically managed pre‐eclampsia was related to second‐/third‐degree hypospadias and ventricular septal defects. Pharmacological treatment for gestational hypertension was associated with a number of congenital heart defects.ConclusionsOur results confirm some, but not all, previously identified associations between pharmacologically treated and non‐pharmacologically managed hypertensive disorders and specific birth defects. They support the hypothesis that physiological changes early in pregnancy that manifest in gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia may play a role in the aetiology of major birth defects, including congenital heart defects and hypospadias.
Use of antidepressants and association with elective termination of pregnancy: population based case–control study
Authors: Kieler H , Malm H , Artama M , Engeland A , Furu K , Gissler M , Nørgaard M , Stephansson O , Valdimarsdottir U , Zoega H , Haglund B 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo assess whether the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, mirtazapine, venlafaxine or other antidepressants is associated with late elective termination of pregnancy.DesignCase–control study using data from national registers.SettingDenmark, Finland, and Norway during the period 1996–2007.PopulationA total of 14 902 women were included as cases and 148 929 women were included as controls.MethodsCases were women with elective termination of pregnancy at 12–23 weeks of gestation. Controls continued their pregnancy and were matched with cases on key factors.Main outcome measuresAssociation between antidepressant use during pregnancy and elective termination of pregnancy at 12–23 weeks of gestation for fetal anomalies, or for maternal ill health or socio‐economic disadvantage.ResultsAt least one prescription of antidepressants was filled by 3.7% of the cases and 2.2% of the controls. Use of any type of antidepressant was associated with elective termination of pregnancy for maternal ill health or socio‐economic disadvantage (odds ratio, OR 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 2.0–2.5). Elective termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies was associated with the use of mirtazapine (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.5). There was no association between the use of any of the other antidepressants and elective termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies.ConclusionThe use of any type of antidepressants was associated with elective termination of pregnancy at 12–23 weeks for maternal ill health or socio‐economic disadvantage, but not with terminations for fetal anomalies. Further studies need to confirm the findings concerning mirtazapine and termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies.
Improving access to community‐based food systems: Comparing perspectives of low socioeconomic individuals and food system representatives
Authors: Markow Kylie , Booth Sue , Savio Stephanie , Coveney John 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimThe present study compares perspectives of low socioeconomic individuals and food system representatives to identify ways of increasing access to community‐based food systems.MethodsFocus groups with low socioeconomic individuals and semistructured interviews with representatives of farmers' markets, community‐supported agriculture schemes, and a commercial fruit and vegetable box scheme explored enablers and barriers to accessing community‐based food systems for those of low socioeconomic status and potential solutions to improve participation. Data were analysed using grounded theory and thematic analysis, respectively.ResultsAffordability, convenience and knowledge were barriers for low socioeconomic individuals. Food system representatives acknowledged these same barriers, but showed different understandings of their importance. Some strategies to improve access suggested by low socioeconomic individuals were amenable to representatives; however, for other strategies, views between the two groups were divided, particularly for strategies addressing affordability.ConclusionsA disconnect exists between views of low socioeconomic individuals and food system representatives in regard to improving disadvantaged groups' access to community‐based food systems. Several strategies amenable to both stakeholder groups are identified; however, further communication and collaboration is required to identify additional innovative solutions.