bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Response Selection Predicts Processing Speed Impairment in Schizophrenia
Authors: Woodward Neil D. , Duffy Brittney , Karbasforoushan Haleh 
Published: July 2013

AbstractProcessing speed is the most impaired neuropsychological domain in schizophrenia and a robust predictor of functional outcome. Determining the specific cognitive operations underlying processing speed dysfunction and identifying their neural correlates may assist in developing pro-cognitive interventions. Response selection, the process of mapping stimuli onto motor responses, correlates with neuropsychological tests of processing speed and may contribute to processing speed impairment in schizophrenia. This study investigated the relationship between behavioral and neural measures of response selection, and a neuropsychological index of processing speed in schizophrenia. Twenty-six patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning during performance of two- and four-choice reaction time (RT) tasks and completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS) Processing Speed Index (PSI). Response selection, defined as RT slowing between two- and four-choice RT, was impaired in schizophrenia and correlated with psychometric processing speed. Greater activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) was observed in schizophrenia and correlated with poorer WAIS PSI scores. Deficient response selection and abnormal recruitment of the dorsolateral PFC during response selection contribute to processing speed impairment in schizophrenia. Interventions that improve response selection and normalize dorsolateral PFC function may improve processing speed in schizophrenia. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10)
The Origin of Long-Period Lattice Spacings Observed in Iron-Carbide Nanowires Encapsulated by Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Boi Filippo S. , Mountjoy Gavin , Luklinska Zofia , Spillane Liam , Karlsson Lisa S. , Wilson Rory M. , Corrias Anna , Baxendale Mark 
Published: July 2013

AbstractStructures comprising single-crystal, iron-carbon-based nanowires encapsulated by multiwall carbon nanotubes self-organize on inert substrates exposed to the products of ferrocene pyrolysis at high temperature. The most commonly observed encapsulated phases are Fe3C, α-Fe, and γ-Fe. The observation of anomalously long-period lattice spacings in these nanowires has caused confusion since reflections from lattice spacings of ≥0.4 nm are kinematically forbidden for Fe3C, most of the rarely observed, less stable carbides, α-Fe, and γ-Fe. Through high-resolution electron microscopy, selective area electron diffraction, and electron energy loss spectroscopy we demonstrate that the observed long-period lattice spacings of 0.49, 0.66, and 0.44 nm correspond to reflections from the (100), (010), and (001) planes of orthorhombic Fe3C (space group Pnma). Observation of these forbidden reflections results from dynamic scattering of the incident beam as first observed in bulk Fe3C crystals. With small amounts of beam tilt these reflections can have significant intensities for crystals containing glide planes such as Fe3C with space groups Pnma or Pbmn.
Clathrin Heavy Chain 1 is Required for Spindle Assembly and Chromosome Congression in Mouse Oocytes
Authors: Zhao Jie , Wang Lu , Zhou Hong-Xia , Liu Li , Lu Angeleem , Li Guang-Peng , Schatten Heide , Liang Cheng-Guang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractClathrin heavy chain 1 (CLTC) has been considered a “moonlighting protein” which acts in membrane trafficking during interphase and in stabilizing spindle fibers during mitosis. However, its roles in meiosis, especially in mammalian oocyte maturation, remain unclear. This study investigated CLTC expression and function in spindle formation and chromosome congression during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Our results showed that the expression level of CLTC increased after germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and peaked in the M phase. Immunostaining results showed CLTC distribution throughout the cytoplasm in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Appearance and disappearance of CLTC along with β-tubulin (TUBB) could be observed during spindle dynamic changes. To explore the relationship between CLTC and microtubule dynamics, oocytes at metaphase were treated with taxol or nocodazole. CLTC colocalized with TUBB at the enlarged spindle and with cytoplasmic asters after taxol treatment; it disassembled and distributed into the cytoplasm along with TUBB after nocodazole treatment. Disruption of CLTC function using stealth siRNA caused a decreased first polar body extrusion rate and extensive spindle formation and chromosome congression defects. Taken together, these results show that CLTC plays an important role in spindle assembly and chromosome congression through a microtubule correlation mechanism during mouse oocyte maturation.
DNA Methylation Regulated Nucleosome Dynamics
Authors: Jimenez-Useche Isabel , Ke Jiaying , Tian Yuqing , Shim Daphne , Howell Steven C. , Qiu Xiangyun , Yuan Chongli 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA strong correlation between nucleosome positioning and DNA methylation patterns has been reported in literature. However, the mechanistic model accounting for the correlation remains elusive. In this study, we evaluated the effects of specific DNA methylation patterns on modulating nucleosome conformation and stability using FRET and SAXS. CpG dinucleotide repeats at 10 bp intervals were found to play different roles in nucleosome stability dependent on their methylation states and their relative nucleosomal locations. An additional (CpG)5 stretch located in the nucleosomal central dyad does not alter the nucleosome conformation, but significant conformational differences were observed between the unmethylated and methylated nucleosomes. These findings suggest that the correlation between nucleosome positioning and DNA methylation patterns can arise from the variations in nucleosome stability dependent on their sequence and epigenetic content. This knowledge will help to reveal the detailed role of DNA methylation in regulating chromatin packaging and gene transcription.
Factors That Influence Fast Mapping in Children Exposed to Spanish and English
Authors: Alt Mary , Meyers Christina , Figueroa Cecilia 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine whether children exposed to 2 languages would benefit from the phonotactic probability cues of a single language in the same way as monolingual peers and to determine whether crosslinguistic influence would be present in a fast-mapping task.

Method

Two groups of typically developing children (monolingual English and bilingual Spanish-English) took part in a computer-based fast-mapping task that manipulated phonotactic probability. Children were preschool-aged (
N
= 50) or school-aged (
N
= 34). Fast mapping was assessed through name-identification and naming tasks. Data were analyzed using mixed analyses of variance with post hoc testing and simple regression.

Results
Bilingual and monolingual preschoolers showed sensitivity to English phonotactic cues in both tasks, but bilingual preschoolers were less accurate than monolingual peers in the naming task. School-aged bilingual children had nearly identical performance to monolingual peers.

Conclusion
Knowing that children exposed to two languages can benefit from the statistical cues of a single language can help inform ideas about instruction and assessment for bilingual learners.
A Theoretical Account of Lexical and Semantic Naming Deficits in Bilingual Aphasia
Authors: Gray Teresa , Kiran Swathi 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine premorbid language proficiency and lexical and semantic processing deficits in bilingual aphasia and develop a theoretical account of bilingual language processing.

Method
Nineteen Spanish–English patients with bilingual aphasia completed a language use questionnaire (LUQ) and were administered Spanish and English standardized language assessments. The authors analyzed the data to (a) identify patterns of lexical and semantic processing deficits and conceptualize a theoretical framework that accounts for language deficits, (b) determine LUQ measures that predict poststroke language deficits, and (c) evaluate the relationship between predictive LUQ measures and poststroke language deficits in order to identify impairment patterns.

Results
On the basis of the results, the authors obtained significant correlations on several measures between language input and output. They identified prestroke language ability rating as the strongest predictor of poststroke outcomes. On the basis of these data, 2 distinct groups were identified: (a) patients who lost the same amount of language in Spanish and English and (b) patients who lost different amounts of Spanish and English.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that it is possible to identify relationships between language patterns and deficits in patients with bilingual aphasia and that these trends will be instrumental in clinical assessments of this understudied population.
Afferent and Efferent Aspects of Mandibular Sensorimotor Control in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Daliri Ayoub , Prokopenko Roman A. , Max Ludo 
Published: July 2013

PurposeIndividuals who stutter show sensorimotor deficiencies in speech and nonspeech movements. For the mandibular system, the authors dissociated the sense of kinesthesia from the efferent control component to examine whether kinesthetic integrity itself is compromised in stuttering or whether deficiencies occur only when generating motor commands.MethodThe authors investigated 11 stuttering and 11 nonstuttering adults' kinesthetic sensitivity threshold and kinesthetic accuracy for passive jaw movements as well as their minimal displacement threshold and positioning accuracy for active jaw movements. They also investigated the correlation with an anatomical index of jaw size.ResultsThe groups showed no statistically significant differences on sensory measures for passive jaw movements. Although some stuttering individuals performed more poorly than any nonstuttering participants on the active movement tasks, between-group differences for active movements were not statistically significant. Unlike fluent speakers, however, the stuttering group showed a statistically significant correlation between mandibular size and performance in the active and passive near-threshold tasks.ConclusionsPreviously reported minimal-movement differences were not replicated. Instead, stuttering individuals' performance varied with anatomical properties. These correlational results are consistent with the hypothesis that stuttering participants generate and perceive movements on the basis of less accurate internal models of the involved neuromechanical systems.
Technology projections of III–V devices down to 11 nm: importance of electrostatics and series resistance
Authors: Oh S. , Wong H.‐S.P. 
Published: July 2013

As device dimensions become increasingly challenging to scale down, the high‐mobility channel solution is gaining more interest. However, will good carrier transport alone guarantee the continuation of higher drive current at shorter dimensions and lower power supply? The technology scaling of FO4 delay and energy delay product of III–V/Ge logic for beyond‐22‐nm technologies was investigated. The circuit performance estimation was projected down to 11 nm technology by using a physics‐based compact model developed for III–V field effect transistors. The analysis shows that the realisation of good electrostatics and low series resistance is crucial for the scalability of high mobility channel devices.
Double‐negative reconfigurable resonator with cross‐polarised split rings
Authors: Choi J. , Kim J. , Jung C. 
Published: July 2013

Double‐negative metamaterials using cross‐polarised split‐ring resonators in a microstrip line have been implemented. The split‐ring resonators comprised quad ring structures and were connected with the microstrip line in series. Four different structures, with the shorted rings in varying locations, were fabricated to demonstrate reconfigurable bandpass characteristics. The effective permittivities and permeabilities were extracted using the Ziolkowski method. Excellent agreement between the developed circuit model and the measurement was observed up to 10 GHz.
Broadband bandpass filter with wide upper stopband using stub‐loaded multiple‐mode resonators
Authors: Li F. , Che W.Q. , Gu L.M. , Xue Q. 
Published: July 2013

A compact wideband filter with a wide upper stopband using stub‐loaded multiple‐mode resonators is designed. The multimode behaviour and characteristics of the proposed filter structure are studied by conventional natural modes analysis. A prototype is designed and fabricated at 1 GHz (f0) with 3 dB fractional bandwidths 102% and 20 dB stopband attenuation up to 10.75f0. Good agreement between simulations and experiments is observed.
Bilateral Pedicle Screw Fixation versus Unilateral Pedicle and Contralateral Facet Screws for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Clinical Outcomes and Cost Analysis
Authors: Awad Basem I. , Lubelski Daniel , Shin John H. , Carmody Margaret A. , Hoh Daniel J. , Mroz Thomas E. , Steinmetz Michael P. 
Published: July 2013

Study Design Retrospective clinical study. Objectives Recent biomechanical studies have shown no differences in stiffness or range of motion following minimally invasive (MIS) transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) between unilateral pedicle and contralateral facet screw (UPFS) and bilateral pedicle screw (BPS) constructs. No studies have compared these two constructs based upon clinical outcomes. Methods Twenty-six consecutive patients who had single-level MIS TLIF were retrospectively reviewed. Outcome measures collected for patients with BPS were compared with those with UPFS. Results No associations were found between construct and length of stay ( p = 0.5), operative time ( p = 0.2), or Odom's criteria ( p = 0.7); 79% of patients in the UPFS group as compared with 71.5% in the BPS group had good or excellent outcomes. Mean follow-up was 17.7 months for the UPFS group and 20.2 months for the BPS group. There was one complication in each group, including a seroma in the BPS group and a revision operation in the UPFS group. Implant costs for the BPS group were 35% greater than the UPFS group. Conclusions The present study is the first to demonstrate that patients undergoing MIS TLIF with BPS as compared with UPFS for single-level degenerative lumbar disease had similar clinical outcomes.
Modulation of B-cell exosome proteins by gamma herpesvirus infection
Authors: Meckes David G. , Gunawardena Harsha P. , Dekroon Robert M. , Heaton Phillip R. , Edwards Rachel H. , Ozgur Sezgin , Griffith Jack D. , Damania Blossom , Raab-Traub Nancy 
Published: July 2013

SignificanceExosomes are released from tumor cells at high levels, and multiple studies have determined that the secreted exosomes enter recipient cells and can affect their biologic and biochemical properties. In this study, the specific effects of the oncogenic herpesviruses, EBV and Kaposi sarcoma-associated virus, on the proteomes of B-cell exosomes were determined using global quantitative proteomics. The data indicate that the viruses greatly impact the protein content of exosomes with common and distinct changes induced by both viruses. It is likely that these alterations in exosome content modulate the tumor environment, potentially to enhance viral infection and promote tumorigenesis.
A thioredoxin-like/β-propeller protein maintains the efficiency of light harvesting in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Brooks Matthew D. , Sylak-Glassman Emily J. , Fleming Graham R. , Niyogi Krishna K. 
Published: July 2013

Significance
Plants need to regulate light harvesting to match incoming light energy to photosynthetic capacity. Excess excitation can generate reactive oxygen species and damage the photosynthetic machinery. To dissipate excess absorbed light energy, plants have evolved several quenching pathways, each of which acts on a different timescale. Here we identify a chloroplast protein involved in a previously uncharacterized, slowly reversible form of energy dissipation in the photosynthetic antenna. This mutant will be critical in characterizing this quenching pathway and will further our understanding of how plants are able to balance light harvesting and photoprotection to maximize photosynthetic efficiency.
Fiber Separation from Ground Corn Flour Using an Electrostatic Method
Authors: Pandya Tejas S. , Srinivasan Radhakrishnan , Thompson Courtney Paige 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTCorn kernels contain 9% fiber by weight, which is not digested well by nonruminants such as chicken and swine. Also, fiber is nonreactive in the dry‐grind process for ethanol production and is considered as feedstock for the production of second‐generation bioethanol. Fiber separation can enhance starch concentration in animal feed and increase starch loading in ethanol plants. Electrostatic separation is used to separate particles from granular mixtures under the influence of electrical forces. The Elusieve process, a combination of sieving and air classification, separates fiber by taking advantage of differences in size, shape, and density. Differences in dielectric properties could also be exploited for fiber separation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of electrostatic separation of fiber particles from corn. When the electrostatic method was used in conjunction with Elusieve processing, the fiber product had higher neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 52.9%) compared with Elusieve processing alone (NDF of 40.5%). Also, a higher quantity of enhanced flour (95.0% yield) was produced when the electrostatic method was used in conjunction with Elusieve processing compared with Elusieve processing alone (93.0% yield), without any change in quality of the enhanced flour (NDF of 6.6% in both cases). The electrostatic method improved fiber separation when used in conjunction with Elusieve processing.
Clinical Features and Treatment Responses in Pediatric Lymphocytic and Collagenous Colitis
Authors: Narla Nirmala P. , Smyrk Thomas C. , Pardi Darrell S. , Tung Jeanne 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:Microscopic colitis (MC) is prevalent in adults investigated for chronic watery diarrhea, yet characterization of pediatric MC is limited.Methods:Our pathology database was searched from 1995 to 2011 for pediatric cases of lymphocytic colitis (LC) or collagenous colitis (CC). Those with diarrhea persisting for >2 weeks and visually normal colonoscopy were accepted as cases. Demographics, laboratory results, medication use within 3 months of presentation, medical and family history of autoimmune disease, and response to treatment were abstracted.Results:A total of 27 cases were histologically consistent with MC on biopsy; 5 with concomitant enteric infection or isolated abdominal pain were excluded. Twenty‐two cases of MC (female patients, 59%; median age at diagnosis, 15.3 years) were included (19 LC and 3 CC). Two had type 1 diabetes mellitus, 2 were anti‐nuclear antibody positive, and 2 had common variable immunodeficiency. Of 20 patients who underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 1 had collagenous sprue and 4 had celiac disease. One presented after the clearance of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Previous drug exposures included nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (n = 7), proton pump inhibitors (n = 6), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (n = 3). Common symptoms in addition to diarrhea included abdominal pain (77.3%) and weight loss (27.3%). Of 17 patients with follow‐up, all of the 8 treated with steroids had some response: 57.1% (4/7) responded to mesalamine and 42.9% (3/7) responded to bismuth subsalicylate.Conclusions:In this cohort of pediatric patients, LC was much more common than CC. As described in adults, we observed associations with celiac disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and medications; we additionally saw an association with immunodeficiency. Our patients showed greater response to steroids than mesalamine or bismuth.
Solar energy in the context of energy use, energy transportation and energy storage
Authors: MacKay David J. C. 
Published: July 2013

Taking the UK as a case study, this paper describes current energy use and a range of sustainable energy options for the future, including solar power and other renewables. I focus on the area involved in collecting, converting and delivering sustainable energy, looking in particular detail at the potential role of solar power. Britain consumes energy at a rate of about 5000 watts per person, and its population density is about 250 people per square kilometre. If we multiply the
per capita
energy consumption by the population density, then we obtain the average primary energy consumption per unit area, which for the UK is 1.25 watts per square metre. This areal power density is uncomfortably similar to the average power density that could be supplied by many renewables: the gravitational potential energy of rainfall in the Scottish highlands has a raw power per unit area of roughly 0.24 watts per square metre; energy crops in Europe deliver about 0.5 watts per square metre; wind farms deliver roughly 2.5 watts per square metre; solar photovoltaic farms in Bavaria, Germany, and Vermont, USA, deliver 4 watts per square metre; in sunnier locations, solar photovoltaic farms can deliver 10 watts per square metre; concentrating solar power stations in deserts might deliver 20 watts per square metre. In a decarbonized world that is renewable-powered, the land area required to maintain today's British energy consumption would have to be similar to the area of Britain. Several other high-density, high-consuming countries are in the same boat as Britain, and many other countries are rushing to join us. Decarbonizing such countries will only be possible through some combination of the following options: the embracing of country-sized renewable power-generation facilities; large-scale energy imports from country-sized renewable facilities in other countries; population reduction; radical efficiency improvements and lifestyle changes; and the growth of non-renewable low-carbon sources, namely ‘clean’ coal, ‘clean’ gas and nuclear power. If solar is to play a large role in the future energy system, then we need new methods for energy storage; very-large-scale solar either would need to be combined with electricity stores or it would need to serve a large flexible demand for energy that effectively stores useful energy in the form of chemicals, heat, or cold.