bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features and management of equine post operative ileus (POI):Survey ofDiplomates of theAmericanColleges ofVeterinaryInternalMedicine (ACVIM),VeterinarySurgeons (ACVS) andVeterinaryEmergency andCriticalCare (ACVECC)
Authors: Lefebvre D. , Hudson N. P. H. , Elce Y. A. , Blikslager A. , Divers T. J. , Handel I. G. , Tremaine W. H. , Pirie R. S. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyA recent survey of European Colleges (European College of Equine Internal Medicine [ECEIM] and European College of Veterinary Surgeons [ECVS]) revealed the different strategies implemented by, and some of the challenges facing, European clinicians presented with cases of post operative ileus (POI). It was concluded that further comparative analysis of opinions, canvassed from additional colleges of equine veterinary specialism worldwide, would provide valuable additional insight into currentPOIknowledge on a more global scale.ObjectivesTo report and compare the current strategies favoured by American veterinary specialists when managingPOIin horses that underwent emergency colic surgery.Study designCross‐sectional survey.MethodsElectronic invitations were sent to 814 Large Animal specialists, including 3 colleges: the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM), American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) and the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC).ResultsThe response rate was 14% (115/814). The majority of respondents (68%) reported an estimated prevalence range of POI of 0–20%. The presence of reflux on nasogastric intubation was the main criterion used to definePOI. A lesion involving the small intestine was considered the main risk factor forPOI. Anti‐inflammatory drugs,intravenous (i.v.) fluids and antimicrobial drugs were the primary strategies used when managingPOI. Flunixin meglumine and i.v. lidocaine were the drugs most commonly used in the treatment of horses withPOI. Supplementary management strategies targeted mainly the prevention of post operative adhesions, infection and inflammation.ConclusionsThere is a lack of consensus on the clinical definition ofPOI. Prospective and objective clinical assessment of the effectiveness of the different strategies contained within this and the European survey is necessary in order to identify a standardised approach to the management of equinePOI.
A New Development Technology? South Asian Biometrics and the Promise of State Security and Economic Opportunity
Authors: Fluri Jennifer L. , Jackson Paul S. B. , Paudel Dinesh 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the intra‐ and inter‐state usage of biometrics as a “new” technology of development and neoliberal security in South Asia. We view developmental use of biometrics as a tool for integrating the vast majority of poor and marginalized people as visible and calculable economic subjects. We examine the ways in which biometrics translates people into data for the purposes of state, security, and economic legibility. In this paper, we explore biometrics at the intersection of geopolitics, biopolitics, and development to highlight the promise and pitfalls of “technological progress” as a new development strategy.
Successful use of a bivalirudin treatment protocol to prevent extracorporeal thrombosis in ambulatory hemodialysis patients with heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Al‐Ali Fadwa Saqr , Elsayed Mohammed , Khalifa Sabah , Abdulla Aisha Elsayed , Tolba Hoda , Bouanane Hisham , Ibrahim Rania , Hamad Abdullah 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an uncommon problem in hemodialysis (HD) patients. There have been a few reports on the use of lepirudin, argatroban, or danaparoid in the management of extracorporeal thrombosis (ECT) during dialysis in these patients, because heparin is contraindicated. Here, we report the first long‐term use of bivalirudin to prevent ECT. Our study was conducted at Fahd Bin Jassim Kidney Center in Doha, Qatar. All patients diagnosed with HIT were included. A bivalirudin treatment protocol was developed with the initial dosage and dosage adjustments based on the value of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), the risk of bleeding, and the recurrence of ECT. Eight patients were positive for HIT AB. Among them, three were excluded: two due to the use of warfarin for atrial fibrillation and one due to a negative repeat HIT AB test with no ECT. Five patients who were positive for HIT AB and experienced recurrent ECT events during dialysis were included. These patients were monitored while on bivalirudin protocol for a mean of 4.6 ± 2 months, during which they received a mean number of HD treatments of 66 ± 24. There were no bleeding events or adverse reactions related to bivalirudin during the study. Here, we report the first long‐term successful use of a bivalirudin protocol to prevent ECT in ambulatory HD patients with HIT. This protocol allowed for a simple dosing initiation with easy adjustment based on weight, aPTT, and recurrence of ECT events. The protocol provided excellent safety.
Chinese Postgraduate Choices When Considering a UK Business and Management Programme
Authors: Manns Yihan , Swift Jonathan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis research investigated Chinese students' decision making processes for enrolling on a postgraduate taught business and management programme in a UK university, based on structured interviews, followed by a survey of just over 450 respondents. The validity and reliability of the research instrument were assessed prior to issuing the survey. Convenience sampling was used to collect questionnaires from Chinese students in seven universities in the Northwest of the UK, and the findings were analysed using frequency and factor analysis. The research shows that Chinese students chose a country first, a programme (Business & Management) second, a university third, and a city last; the four choices are determined by 14 factors comprising 42 variables. This study has managerial implications for UK universities' policy makers, managers and practitioners to promote their programmes in China.
Impact of aging and comorbidity on the efficacy of low‐intensity shock wave therapy for erectile dysfunction
Authors: Hisasue Shin‐ichi , China Toshiyuki , Horiuchi Akira , Kimura Masaki , Saito Keisuke , Isotani Shuji , Ide Hisamitsu , Muto Satoru , Yamaguchi Raizo , Horie Shigeo 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of low‐intensity shock wave therapy and to identify the predictive factors of its efficacy in Japanese patients with erectile dysfunction.MethodsThe present study included 57 patients with erectile dysfunction who satisfied all the following conditions: more than 6‐months history of erectile dysfunction, sexual health inventory for men score of ≤12 without phosphodiesterase type‐5 inhibitor, erection hardness score grade 1 or 2, mean penile circumferential change by erectometer assessing sleep related erection of <25 mm and non‐neurological pathology. Patients were treated by a low‐energy shock waves generator (ED1000; Medispec, Gaithersburg, MD, USA). A total of 12 shock wave treatments were applied. Sexual health inventory for men score, erection hardness score with or without phosphodiesterase type‐5 inhibitor, and mean penile circumferential change were assessed at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months after the termination of low‐intensity shock wave therapy.ResultsOf 57 patients who were assigned for the low‐intensity shock wave therapy trial, 56 patients were analyzed. Patients had a median age of 64 years. The sexual health inventory for men and erection hardness score (with and without phosphodiesterase type‐5 inhibitor) were significantly increased (P < 0.001) at each time‐point. The mean penile circumferential change was also increased from 13.1 to 20.2 mm after low‐intensity shock wave therapy (P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, age and the number of concomitant comorbidities were statistically significant predictors for the efficacy.ConclusionsLow‐intensity shock wave therapy seems to be an effective physical therapy for erectile dysfunction. Age and comorbidities are negative predictive factors of therapeutic response.
Immune regulation by Fcα/μ receptor (CD351) on marginal zone B cells and follicular dendritic cells
Authors: Shibuya Akira , Honda Shin‐ichiro 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAlthough both Fcα/μ receptor (Fcα/μR) and polymeric Ig receptor (poly‐IgR) are Fc receptors for IgA and IgM and are functionally and genetically related, the expression profile of Fcα/μR is unique. Unlike poly‐IgR, Fcα/μR is expressed on marginal zone (MZ) B cells and follicular dendritic cells, suggesting that Fcα/μR plays an important role in humoral immune responses. Fcα/μR mediates endocytosis of the IgM immune complex (IC). Recent research demonstrated that Fcα/μR downregulated retention of the IgM IC with a T‐independent (TI) antigen on MZ B cells and follicular dendritic cells due to endocytosis of the IgM IC, suppressing germinal center formation, affinity maturation, and memory B‐cell generation in response to TI antigen challenge. In addition, Fcα/μR physically associates with Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and augments TLR4 oligomerization and signaling in MZ B cells upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, leading to increased proinflammatory cytokine production by MZ B cells. Thus, Fcα/μR is a unique Fc receptor that is involved in humoral immune responses and inflammation.
The high‐affinity receptor for IgG, FcγRI, of humans and non‐human primates
Authors: Chenoweth Alicia M. , Trist Halina M. , Tan Peck‐Szee , Wines Bruce D. , Hogarth P. Mark 
Published: October 2015

SummaryNon‐human primate (NHP) models, especially involving macaques, are considered important models of human immunity and have been essential in preclinical testing for vaccines and therapeutics. Despite this, much less characterization of macaque Fc receptors has occurred compared to humans or mice. Much of the characterization of macaque Fc receptors so far has focused on the low‐affinity Fc receptors, particularly FcγRIIIa. From these studies, it is clear that there are distinct differences between the human and macaque low‐affinity receptors and their interaction with human IgG. Relatively little work has been performed on the high‐affinity IgG receptor, FcγRI, especially in NHPs. This review will focus on what is currently known of how FcγRI interacts with IgG, from mutation studies and recent crystallographic studies of human FcγRI, and how amino acid sequence differences in the macaque FcγRI may affect this interaction. Additionally, this review will look at the functional consequences of differences in the amino acid sequences between humans and macaques.
Metaphorical expressions used in Swedish news media narratives to portray the shortage of nurses and their working conditions
Authors: Blomberg Helena , Stier Jonas 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of the study is to uncover and reveal how nurses as a profession and their working conditions are dramatized and portrayed in Swedish media narratives about the shortage of nurses.BackgroundThe media is an arena where stakeholders can air their views of the healthcare sector in general and the situation for nurses in particular. The focus in this study is the debate in Sweden on the shortage of nurses.DesignQualitative discursive study.MethodA discourse analysis of media narratives about nurses and their working conditions published in several Swedish newspapers from 2009–2014. 1779 articles were included in the study. A selection (113 articles) of these articles was further analysed using a qualitative discursive psychological approach.FindingsNurses are portrayed as being good, concerned about and critical of healthcare managers and politicians for not taking action. The accused actors justify their actions by partially accepting or displacing responsibility. The shortage of nurses is framed as a social problem – a threat to patients' safety. Seven different types of metaphorical expression frame the problem as inevitable, beyond control, abstract, an individual and collegial problem and nurses as replaceable. In addition, nurses and patients are dehumanized and no‐one is held responsible.ConclusionsThis study analyses the role of the media in emphasizing the seriousness or obscurity of the problem and possible solutions to it. Alternative narratives are needed to re‐frame the nursing shortage and to find sustainable solutions.
Falsified or Substandard? Assessing Price and Non‐price Signals of Drug Quality
Authors: Bate Roger , Jin Ginger Zhe , Mathur Aparna 
Published: October 2015

Pharmaceutical products can be of poor quality either because they contain zero correct active ingredient (referred to as “falsified”) or because they contain a nonzero but incorrect amount of the right active ingredient (referred to as “substandard”). Although both types of poor‐quality drugs can be dangerous, they differ in health consequence, price, and potential policy remedies. Assessing basic quality of 1437 samples of Ciprofloxacin from 18 low‐to‐middle‐ income countries, we aim to understand how price and nonprice signals can help distinguish between falsified, substandard, and passing drugs.Following the Global Pharma Health Fund e.V. Minilab® protocol, we find 9.88% of samples have less than 80% of the correct active ingredient and 41.5% of these failures are falsified. Falsified and substandard drugs tend to differ in two observable attributes: first, falsified drugs are more likely to mimic drugs registered with local drug safety regulators. Second, after controlling for other factors, substandard drugs are on average cheaper than passing generics in the same city but the price of falsified drugs is not significantly different from that of passing drugs on average. These data patterns suggest that careful consumers may have information to suspect a drug is substandard before purchase but substandard drugs can still exist to cater to poor and less‐educated population. In contrast, falsified drugs will be more difficult for consumers to identify ex ante because they appear similar to high‐quality, locally registered products in both price and packaging.
Sacrificing Indigenous Bodies and Lands: The Political–Economic History of Lowland Bolivia in Light of the Recent TIPNIS Debate
Authors: Fabricant Nicole , Postero Nancy 
Published: October 2015

ResumenEl plan de Evo Morales de construir una autopista masiva a través de tierras y territorios indígenas ha creado una tormenta política que ha hecho temblar a Bolivia. Nosotros argumentamos que este conflicto no puede ser comprendido fuera de la historia de las industrias extractivas y producción agrícola en las tierras bajas bolivianas porque ambas han creado patrones racializados de opresión y explotación laboral que han estructurado a las tierras bajas desde la época colonial. Al trazar la historia económica de las tierras bajas, mostramos cómo las demandas globales por comodidades han contrapuesto a los pueblos de las tierras bajas unos contra otros, creando tensiones en torno a tierras, recursos y diferencias culturales que continúan en el presente. Segundo, mostramos que tanto el gobierno de Morales como las élites de las tierras bajas han defendido sus posiciones en el debate sobre la autopista al oscurecer esta historia política y económica y declarar la protección de los pueblos indígenas de la región; sin embargo, tales proyectos de desarrollo una vez más trastornarán la organización social y modos de producción.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in a transgenic mouse model expressing human amyloid precursor protein (APP) with the Arctic mutation
Authors: Rönnbäck Annica , Pavlov Pavel. F. , Mansory Mansorah , Gonze Prisca , Marlière Nicolas , Winblad Bengt , Graff Caroline , Behbahani Homira 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAccumulation of amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) in the brain is an important event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. We have used a transgenic mouse model expressing human amyloid precursor protein (APP) with the Arctic mutation to investigate whether Aβ deposition is correlated with mitochondrial functions in these animals. We found evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction (i.e., decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative DNA damage) at 6 months of age, when the mice showed very mild Aβ deposition. More pronounced mitochondrial abnormalities were present in 24‐month‐old TgAPParc mice with more extensive Aβ pathology. This study demonstrates for the first time mitochondrial dysfunction in transgenic mice with a mutation within the Aβ peptide (the Arctic APP mutation), and confirms previous studies suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress is an early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.
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This study demonstrates mitochondrial dysfunction in transgenic mice with a mutation within the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide (the Arctic amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutation). We found evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction (i.e. decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative DNA damage) at 6 months of age, when very mild Aβ deposition is present in the mice. Also, the cytochrome c (COX) activity was significantly decreased in mitochondria from transgenic mice at 24 months of age.
Climatic and geographic correlates of global forest tree species–abundance distributions and community evenness
Authors: Ulrich Werner , Kusumoto Buntarou , Shiono Takayuki , Kubota Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractQuestionsSpecies–abundance distributions (SADs) have long been at the centre of ecological interest because they summarize various patterns of community assembly in condensed form. Here we link observed patterns of SAD shape and evenness to latitude and climatic conditions to infer global trends in abundance distributions.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe compiled data on tree species abundances and climate covariates from 605 sites worldwide. We applied linear regression modelling and nonlinear least squares fitting of log‐series and lognormal abundance distributions to species rank–order log‐abundance plots to assess latitudinal and climatic gradients in abundance distributions and Pielou evenness.ResultsWe observed significant latitudinal trends in SAD shape and evenness, even after accounting for richness and spatial effects. Evenness tended to increase towards lower latitudes and was positively correlated with actual evapotranspiration and negatively with climatic variability. We observed an excess of log‐series SADs at lower latitudes and an increase in lognormal distributions towards northern latitudes. Accordingly, the proportion of species less abundant than expected from a log‐series distribution decreased towards the tropics.ConclusionsWe speculate that the observed latitudinal trends are caused by respective gradients in the importance of dispersal for local tree community assembly. This interpretation implies the hypothesis that tropical communities tend to be more open and input‐driven in comparison to temperate communities.
Hare demography, physiology and European Brown Hare Syndrome virus infection: is there an association?
Authors: Sokos C. , Touloudi A. , Iakovakis C. , Papaspyropoulos K. , Giannakopoulos A. , Birtsas P. , Spyrou V. , Theodosiadou E. , Valasi I. , Sfougaris A. , Billinis C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEpidemiological studies of disease ecology typically ignore the influence of host sex, age, nutritional condition and immunocompetence factors. However, this can lead to shortcomings and incorrect conclusions regarding the mechanisms of pathogen transmission and prevalence in wild animals. In many European countries, European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus (EBHSV) causes a disease lethal to brown hares Lepus europaeus. Associations of EBHSV infection, sex, age, body condition and spleen mass were studied in hares collected, from the prefectures of Chalkidiki and Thessaloniki, Hellas, during the hunting season. Data showed a sex‐biased prevalence with twice as many males infected with EBHSV than females (P = 0.061), indicating a sexual dimorphism in disease exposure or susceptibility. EBHSV infection was not related to hare body condition (P = 0.853). Adults had significantly greater spleen mass than young hares (P = 0.003), indicating past infections. Significantly greater spleen mass was found in hares positive for EBHSV (P = 0.010) and a negative relation was found between spleen mass and body condition (P = 0.038), indicating energy consumption for immune defense investment. The present study is one of the few that examine the relevance of individual risk factors in understanding patterns of viral infections in natural populations of wild animals.
Pretransplant renal function according to CKD‐EPI cystatin C equation is a prognostic factor of death after liver transplantation
Authors: Uguen Thomas , Jezequel Caroline , Ropert Martine , Houssel‐Debry Pauline , Latournerie Marianne , Lainé Fabrice , Deugnier Yves , Vigneau Cécile , Boudjema Karim , Guyader Dominique , Bardou‐Jacquet Edouard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsIn patients with cirrhosis, cystatin C (CystC) based equations may be more accurate indicators of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than creatinine (Pcr) based equations. Renal function before liver transplantation (LT) is thought to impact survival after LT. We aimed at assessing pretransplant creatinine and CystC based equations with respect to their predictive value on long‐term survival after LT.MethodsFrom 2001 to 2011, CystC was determined at pre‐LT evaluation in 682 patients together with GFR assessed using MDRD‐4, MDRD‐6, CKD‐EPI‐cystatin C, CKD‐EPI‐creatinine and CKD‐EPI‐creatinine‐cystatin C equations. Patients were classified according to the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative classification (KDOQI).ResultsMedian age at LT was 55 [49–60] years with a median MELD score of 13.5 [8.3–19.2] and a median post‐transplant follow‐up of 60 [26–89] months. Using CKD‐EPI Cystatin C and the KDOQI classification, 21.1% of patients were stage 1, 43.1% stage 2, 29.1% stage 3 and 6.5% stage 4. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates were significantly different between KDOQI stages when determined using the CKD‐EPI‐CystatinC equation. This was not the case when using the other equations. At multivariate analysis, GFR and KDOQI estimated using the CKD‐EPI‐CystatinC equation were significantly associated with death (HR:0.992;CI95%:0.986–0.999 and 1.24;CI95%:1.02–1.50 respectively). When assessed using the MDRD‐4, MDRD‐6, CKD‐EPI‐Creatinine‐CystatinC and CKD‐EPI‐Creatinine equations GFR was not significantly associated with death.ConclusionsEstimated pre‐LT renal function is predictive of post‐LT survival only when assessed using the CKD‐EPI cystatin C equation. This supports the use of Cystatine C and of its related equation for the assessment of renal function before liver transplantation.