bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical indirect effects of climate change on sub‐Antarctic ecosystem functioning
Authors: Louise Allan E. , William Froneman P. , Durgadoo Jonathan V. , McQuaid Christopher D. , Ansorge Isabelle J. , Richoux Nicole B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSub‐Antarctic islands represent critical breeding habitats for land‐based top predators that dominate Southern Ocean food webs. Reproduction and molting incur high energetic demands that are sustained at the sub‐Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (PEIs) by both inshore (phytoplankton blooms; “island mass effect”; autochthonous) and offshore (allochthonous) productivity. As the relative contributions of these sustenance pathways are, in turn, affected by oceanographic conditions around the PEIs, we address the consequences of climatically driven changes in the physical environment on this island ecosystem. We show that there has been a measurable long‐term shift in the carbon isotope signatures of the benthos inhabiting the shallow shelf region of the PEIs, most likely reflecting a long‐term decline in enhanced phytoplankton productivity at the islands in response to a climate‐driven shift in the position of the sub‐Antarctic Front. Our results indicate that regional climate change has affected the balance between allochthonous and autochthonous productivity at the PEIs. Over the last three decades, inshore‐feeding top predators at the islands have shown a marked decrease in their population sizes. Conversely, population sizes of offshore‐feeding predators that forage over great distances from the islands have remained stable or increased, with one exception. Population decline of predators that rely heavily on organisms inhabiting the inshore region strongly suggest changes in prey availability, which are likely driven by factors such as fisheries impacts on some prey populations and shifts in competitive interactions among predators. In addition to these local factors, our analysis indicates that changes in prey availability may also result indirectly through regional climate change effects on the islands' marine ecosystem. Most importantly, our results indicate that a fundamental shift in the balance between allochthonous and autochthonous trophic pathways within this island ecosystem may be detected throughout the food web, demonstrating that the most powerful effects of climate change on marine systems may be indirect.
Structures of Hemi‐Curcuminoids in the Solid State and in Solution
Authors: Cornago Pilar , Cabildo Pilar , Sanz Dionisia , Claramunt Rosa M. , Torralba M. Carmen , Torres M. Rosario , Elguero José 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHemi‐curcuminoids are derivatives of the antioxidant radical scavenger curcumin in which one styryl moiety is missing but the β‐diketone functionality is maintained. Five such derivatives have been prepared, and the X‐ray molecular structures for all of them have been determined. The tautomerism of the five compounds has been studied by NMR in the solid state and in solution. An enol–enol proton transfer barrier has been determined.
Trends in prescription of strong opioids for 41–80 year old Norwegians, 2005–2010
Authors: Neutel C.I. , Skurtveit S. , Berg C. , Sakshaug S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe use of strong opioids is affected by various influences such as increasing emphasis on adequate pain control and increasing measures to counteract opioid abuse. This study will examine trends of analgesic strong opioid use in an older population.MethodsThe study population includes people aged 41–80 who filled at least one prescription for analgesic strong opioids in 2005–2010. Information was obtained from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD), that is, all prescriptions filled in Norwegian pharmacies.ResultsAnnual rates per 1000 population of opioid users increased from 8.6/1000 in 2005 to 13.3/1000 in 2010 with the greatest increases for the oldest. Oxycodone showed the highest use in Norway and the greatest increase. Buprenorphine showed little use in 2005 but ranked second highest in 2010 at 3.3/1000. Morphine use remained stable over the years. Mean annual amount in defined daily doses (DDDs)/person decreased in the youngest age groups over 2005–2010 and showed a pattern of decreasing amounts with increasing age. About 20% of the study population received opioids from more than two prescribers and annually 20% received more than one type of opioid. High end users were younger and used more prescribers.ConclusionsRate of analgesic strong opioid use, particularly oxycodone and buprenorphine, in this older age group increased annually. The pattern of increasing opioid use is consistent with an increased focus on pain control but may also be influenced by altered reimbursement policies and the new convenient pharmaceutical formulations.
Lithium Chloride Induces TNFα in Mouse Macrophages Via MEK–ERK‐Dependent Pathway
Authors: Hull Megan , Lee Eunhee , Lee Taehyung , Anand Nandita , LaLone Vernon , Parameswaran Narayanan 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTLithium (Li) is one of the currently prescribed drugs for bipolar disorders (BPDs) and has many neuro‐regulatory and immune‐modulating properties. Because many neuro‐pathological diseases including BPDs have been associated with some level of inflammation, Li's effect on inflammation may have some crucial consequences. Even though Li has been shown to have pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory activities in different cell models, mechanisms involved in these effects are not well understood. Moreover, Li's effect on inflammation in the presence of activators of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR‐2 (that activates MyD88‐dependent pathway) and TLR‐3 (that activates TRIF‐dependent pathway) is not known. Here we tested the role of Li in the presence and absence of TLR2, and TLR3 on MAPK and NFκB pathways and the consequent production of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) in Raw264.7 macrophages. Our results indicate that Li enhances TNFα production both in the absence and presence of TLR stimulation. Interestingly, Li differentially modulates MAPK and NFκB pathways in the absence and presence of TLR2/3 ligands. Our results further indicate that the effect of Li on TNFα occurs at the post‐transcriptional level. Together, these studies demonstrate that Li induces TNFα production in macrophages and that it modulates signaling at different levels depending on the presence or absence of TLR2/3 stimulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 71–80, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Challenges in pharmacologic management of the hospitalized patient with psychiatric comorbidity
Authors: Ward Martha , Schwartz Ann 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDPsychiatric comorbidity is common in the inpatient medical population. Hospitalists are frequently faced with decisions regarding the psychopharmacologic management of medically ill patients, yet receive limited psychiatric training. This review aims to assist the hospitalist in making an informed decision about the continuation of home psychotropic medications in the medically ill patient.METHODSA PubMed literature review was performed to obtain information on the effects of psychotropic medication discontinuation. In addition, the literature was reviewed regarding the potential challenges of psychotropic medication continuation.RESULTSA growing number of studies demonstrate high rates of relapse when medications are discontinued in patients suffering from mood disorders, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. Abrupt cessation of psychotropics is especially dangerous, leading to a greater chance of destabilization. Discontinuation syndromes, with prominent physical symptoms, may also result from sudden psychotropic cessation. Conversely, continuing home psychotropic medication may cause adverse effects due to drug‐drug interactions or changing pharmacokinetics.CONCLUSIONSThis review examines the risks of psychotropic discontinuation as well as the challenges of psychotropic continuation in the medically ill patient. When making complex psychopharmacologic decisions, hospitalists should employ all available resources, including pharmacists and consult‐liaison psychiatrists. Ultimately, physicians and patients must make collaborative decisions, weighing the risks and benefits of psychiatric medications. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:523–529. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Monitoring the pulse of hospital activity: Electronic health record utilization as a measure of care intensity
Authors: Blecker Saul , Austrian Jonathan S. , Shine Daniel , Braithwaite R. Scott , Radford Martha J. , Gourevitch Marc N. 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDHospital care on weekends has been associated with reduced quality and poor clinical outcomes, suggesting that decreases in overall intensity of care may have important clinical effects. We describe a new measure of hospital intensity of care based on utilization of the electronic health record (EHR).METHODSWe measured global intensity of care at our academic medical center by monitoring the use of the EHR in 2011. Our primary measure, termed EHR interactions, was the number of accessions of a patient's electronic record by a clinician, adjusted for hospital census, per unit of time. Our secondary measure was percent of total available central processing unit (CPU) power used to access EHR servers at a given time.RESULTSEHR interactions were lower on weekend days as compared to weekdays at every hour (P < 0.0001), and the daytime peak in intensity noted each weekday was blunted on weekends. The relative rate and 95% confidence interval (CI) of census‐adjusted record accessions per patient on weekdays compared with weekends were: 1.76 (95% CI: 1.74‐1.77), 1.52 (95% CI: 1.50‐1.55), and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.12‐1.17) for day, morning/evening, and night hours, respectively. Percent CPU usage correlated closely with EHR interactions (r = 0.90).CONCLUSIONSEHR usage is a valid and easily reproducible measure of intensity of care in the hospital. Using this measure we identified large, hour‐specific differences between weekend and weekday intensity. EHR interactions may serve as a useful measure for tracking and improving temporal variations in care that are common, and potentially deleterious, in hospital systems. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:513–518. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Variation in post‐adenotonsillectomy admission practices in 24 pediatric hospitals
Authors: Goyal Samita S. , Shah Rahul , Roberson David W. , Schwartz Margot L. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThere is controversy about which children should be admitted after adenotonsillectomy (T&A) and limited clinical evidence to help with this decision. Current practice has evolved based on empirical or anecdotal evidence. We sought to identify practice variations in postoperative admission after T&A in tertiary care pediatric hospitals.Study DesignRetrospective database study using administrative information stored in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database.MethodsThere were 29,920 T&As performed in 24 pediatric hospitals included in the PHIS database between July 1, 2009 and June 30, 2010. Patients were identified as outpatient (discharged the same day) or inpatient (not discharged on the day of surgery). We examined admission rates across different hospitals stratified by age, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and other complex chronic conditions.ResultsYounger age, the existence of a complex chronic condition, and OSA were all associated with higher post‐T&A admission rates. Admission rates ranged from >94% for children under 2 years of age, with OSA and at least one medical comorbidity, to 14% for children older than 5 years, without OSA and without any medical comorbidities. Between‐hospital variability was extreme; for example, for 3 to 5 year olds, the admission rate varied from 5% to 90% between hospitals. Very significant variation remained even after controlling for age, comorbidities, and OSA.ConclusionsPost T&A admission rates vary tremendously across comparable tertiary‐care pediatric hospitals. There is a crucial need for a better understanding of the risk of complications on the first postoperative night, and the appropriate indications for monitored admission on that night.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2561–2567, 2013
Improving patient care via development of a protein‐based diagnostic test for microbe‐specific detection of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Das Subinoy , Rosas Lucia E. , Jurcisek Joseph A. , Novotny Laura A. , Green Kari B. , Bakaletz Lauren O. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe hypothesis is that signature bacterial proteins can be identified in sinus secretions via high‐throughput, proteomic based techniques. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is the most common bacterial pathogen associated with sinusitis and serves as proof of principle pathogen for identifying biomarkers.Study DesignIn vitro and in vivo studies using proteomic‐based analysis of cultures of NTHI and a novel, experimental chinchilla polymicrobial sinusitis model.MethodsNano‐liquid chromatography /tandem mass spectrometry (nano‐LC‐MS/MS) was performed to annotate the secretome from an NTHI biofilm. A model of NTHI‐induced sinusitis was developed in a chinchilla, and NTHI proteins were detected in chinchilla secretions. A reference standard RT–PCR‐based assay was adapted to allow for sensitivity and specificity testing of the identified signature biomarkers in human patients.ResultsOuter membrane proteins P2 (OMP‐P2) and P5 (OMP‐P5) were identified as promising candidates for the detection of NTHI biofilms and positively detected in nasopharyngeal secretions of chinchillas experimentally infected with NTHI. An RT‐PCR based test for the presence of NTHI biofilms demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity when tested against eight unique strains commonly found in human bacterial rhinosinusitis.ConclusionsProteomic analysis was successful in identifying signature proteins for possible use as a biomarker for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). OMP‐P2 and OMP‐P5 were validated as promising candidates and were positively detected from nasopharyngeal secretions from chinchillas experimentally infected with NTHI. Collectively, these data support the use of OMP‐P2 and OMP‐P5 as biomarkers for a human clinical trial to develop a point‐of‐care medical diagnostic test to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of CRS.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 124:608–615, 2014
Water‐fat separation imaging of the heart with standard magnetic resonance bSSFP CINE imaging
Authors: Goldfarb James W. , Arnold‐Anteraper Sheeba 
Published: July 2013

PurposeTo study balanced steady‐state free precession CINE phase‐sensitive water‐fat separation imaging in four cardiac imaging planes to determine the necessary phase correction and image artifacts particular to this technique.MethodsTen healthy volunteers and two subjects with known heart pathologies were studied with standard balanced steady‐state free precession CINE imaging. Water‐only and fat‐only images were calculated using sign detection of the real part of the complex image after phase correction with constant and linear terms. Phase correction values were determined using both manual and automated methods. Differences in phase correction values between imaging planes, cardiac phases, coil elements, automated image reconstruction parameters as well as artifact scores between the automated and manual methods were studied with statistical tests.ResultsWater‐fat separation performed well in the heart after constant and linear phase correction. Both constant (p = 0.8) and linear x (p = 1) and y (p = 1) phase correction values did not vary significantly across cardiac phases, but varied significantly among the coils (p < 0.001) and imaging planes (p < 0.001). False water‐fat separation artifacts were most frequent in the chest/back and also were present at the mitral and aortic valves.ConclusionConstant and linear phase correction is necessary to provide consistent results in standard imaging planes using a balanced steady‐state free precession water‐fat separation postprocessing algorithm applied to standard cardiac CINE imaging. Magn Reson Med 71:2096–2104, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of isosorbide‐1,4‐cyclohexane‐dicarboxylic acid polyester oligomer cations using ion‐trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Lee Jihye , Lee Sookin , Yoon Donhee , Yoon Won Jae , Im Seung Soon , Moon Bongjin , Oh Han Bin 
Published: July 2013

RATIONALEIsosorbide is a promising biomass‐derived molecule that can be used as a replacement for fossil resource‐derived diol monomers used in polyester synthesis. Due to its increased use in sustainable development, it is useful to understand the tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation pathways of the isosorbide‐based copolymer as an aid to interpreting the MS/MS spectra of other isosorbide‐containing copolymers.METHODSCollision‐activated dissociation (CAD) experiments were performed on the sodiated/protonated molecules, [(AB)nA+Na(or H)]+, n = 2–5, of isosorbide (A)–1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (B) oligomers formed by ion‐trap electrospray ionization (ESI).RESULTSProduct ions arose from cleavage of the bonds between isosorbide and 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid. In the MS/MS spectra, fn'' product ions were most abundant, followed by en ions. McLafferty rearrangement appeared to provide the most facile pathway to yield the abundant fn'' and en ions. In addition, an, bn'', fn''un'', and en+ ions were observed. Inductive cleavage and β‐elimination were suggested to be the pathways involved in generating en+‐ and en/bn''‐type ions, respectively.CONCLUSIONSBased on the obtained CAD spectra, the alternating sequences of two copolymer building blocks, A and B, were unambiguously determined. The fragmentation pathways leading to the observed product ion types were also established. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constraints on the gluon PDF from top quark pair production at hadron colliders
Authors: Czakon Michal , Mangano Michelangelo L. , Mitov Alexander , Rojo Juan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractUsing the recently derived NNLO cross sections [1], we provide NNLO+NNLL theoretical predictions for top quark pair production based on all the available NNLO PDF sets, and compare them with the most precise LHC and Tevatron data. In this comparison we study in detail the PDF uncertainty and the scale,mtandαsdependence of the theoretical predictions for each PDF set. Next, we observe that top quark pair production provides a powerful direct constraint on the gluon PDF at largex, and include Tevatron and LHC top pair data consistently into a global NNLO PDF fit. We then explore the phenomenological consequences of the reduced gluon PDF uncertainties, by showing how they can improve predictions for Beyond the Standard Model processes at the LHC. Finally, we update to full NNLO+NNLL the theoretical predictions for the ratio of top quark cross sections between different LHC center of mass energies, as well as the cross sections for hypothetical heavy fourth-generation quark production at the LHC.
IIB supergravity on manifolds with SU(4) structure and generalized geometry
Authors: Prins Daniël , Tsimpis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe consider$ \mathcal{N}=\left( {2,0} \right) $backgrounds of IIB supergravity on eight-manifolds$ {{\mathcal{M}}_8} $with strict SU(4) structure. We give the explicit solution to the Killing spinor equations as a set of algebraic relations between irreducible SU(4) modules of the fluxes and the torsion classes of$ {{\mathcal{M}}_8} $. One consequence of supersymmetry is that$ {{\mathcal{M}}_8} $must be complex. We show that the conjecture ofarXiv:1010.5789concerning the correspondence between background supersymmetry equations in terms of generalized pure spinors and generalized calibrations for admissible static, magnetic D-branes, does not capture the full set of supersymmetry equations. We identify the missing constraints and express them in the form of a single pure-spinor equation which is well defined for generic SU(4)×SU(4) backgrounds. This additional equation is given in terms of a certain analytic continuation of the generalized calibration form for codimension-2 static, magnetic D-branes.
Beyond Empty, Conservative, and Ethereal: Pluralist Self-Determination and a Peripheral Political Imaginary
Authors: OKLOPCIC ZORAN 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOver the last couple of years, a stream of pluralist theories of international legal order has developed at the intersection of international law and political theory, having immediate implications for conceptualizing self-determination. The understanding of self-determination under the framework ofbounded,constitutional, andradicalpluralism markedly departs from the previous wave of normative theories in the 1990s: self-determination is now evacuated from the field of national pluralism and struggles over territory.This article does not question the thrust of pluralists’ recent work, but complements their critical attunement to global disparities of power, and complicates their neglect of nationalism and rejection of territorial reconfigurations as self-determination's core meaning. In doing so, it unearths two visions that come from the (semi-)periphery of the international political order. The first belongs to Edvard Kardelj, pre-eminent Yugoslav theorist of socialist self-management and the Non-Aligned Movement. The second belongs to Leopold Sédar Senghor, the poet and politician, advocate ofnégritude, a proponent of French West African integration, and a constitutional advocate for the reconfiguration – not abolition – of the French Union, the heir to the French Empire. While they are suspicious of extensive territorial reconstruction, like contemporary pluralists, unlike them they have seen a role for territorial reconfigurations in the name of national plurality.
A self-cleaning underwater superoleophobic mesh for oil-water separation
Authors: Zhang Lianbin , Zhong Yujiang , Cha Dongkyu , Wang Peng 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOil–water separation has recently become a global challenging task because of the frequent occurrence of oil spill accidents due to the offshore oil production and transportation and there is an increasing demand for the development of effective and inexpensive approaches for the cleaning-up of the oily pollution in water system. In this study, a self-cleaning underwater superoleophobic mesh that can be used for oil-water separation is prepared by the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of sodium silicate and TiO2 nanoparticles on the stainless steel mesh. The integration of the self-cleaning property into the all-inorganic separation mesh by using TiO2 enables the convenient removal of the contaminants by ultraviolet (UV) illumination and allows for the facile recovery of the separation ability of the contaminated mesh, making it promising for practial oil-water separation applications.