bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Polyethylene Glycol in Dermatology
Authors: Patel Varniraj , Gaurav Vishal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is commonly used in dermatology due to its excellent solubility, nontoxic nature, and compatibility with various therapeutic agents. Its applications extend from moisturizing creams to chemical peels, improving skin hydration and facilitating drug delivery. Despite its broad utility, PEG is associated with hypersensitivity reactions, including rare cases of anaphylaxis, that necessitates a thorough assessment of its safety profile. This review evaluates PEG’s therapeutic roles, safety, and dermatological applications, focusing on its pharmacokinetics, chemical properties, and potential adverse effects.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, SciVerse, and EMBASE databases to identify studies on PEG’s dermatological uses, including its role in treating psoriasis, acne, ichthyosis, fungal infections, wound healing, and cosmeceuticals. Studies addressing PEG’s allergenic potential were also reviewed, focusing on cutaneous reactions and rare anaphylactic events. Articles in English, published until June 2024, were included in this narrative review.

Results:
PEG’s emollient and humectant properties make it valuable in treating psoriasis, where it enhances corticosteroid delivery and reduces erythema and scaling. In acne, PEG-based salicylic acid peels offer controlled exfoliation with minimal irritation. PEG’s hydrating properties also benefit ichthyosis and wound healing by maintaining moisture and delivering antibacterial agents. In cosmetics, PEG functions as an emulsifier, surfactant, and conditioner. However, hypersensitivity risks, including urticaria and anaphylaxis, require cautious use, especially for allergy-prone individuals.

Conclusion:
PEG’s properties make it a useful dermatological component, though awareness of hypersensitivity risks is essential for safe clinical use. Further studies are needed to understand PEG-induced hypersensitivity and to guide safety protocols.
Trichomycosis Axillaris: A Clinicoetiological Study
Authors: Kalimuthu Abinaya , Thappa Devinder Mohan , Badhe Bhawana , Sistla Sujatha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Trichomycosis axillaris (TA) is the most common superficial bacterial infection of hair shaft, mainly of axillary hairs and producing pigmented concretions around hair shaft caused by various species of corynebacteria.

Aims and Objectives:
To study the clinical characteristics, Wood’s lamp findings, dermoscopic features, microbiological and histopathological aspects of TA, and frequency of the corynebacterial triad.

Patients and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study of 78 patients diagnosed with TA was done in a tertiary care center in South India from July 2021 to December 2022.

Results:
The mean age was 29 years. Among 78 patients, 94.8% (74) were males. Nineteen (47.5%) patients were asymptomatic, and others had malodor, staining of clothes, and itching. The flava variant was the most common [96.15% (75 patients)] with yellow fluorescence in 96.15% (75 patients) on Wood’s lamp. The brown variant, seen in 3.85% (3 patients), had no fluorescence. On histopathological staining with hematoxylin and eosin, Gram’s, Periodic Acid–Schiff, Alcian Blue–Periodic Acid–Schiff, and Hales colloidal iron, all stained bacilli except Hale’s colloidal iron. Bacteriological culture was positive in only 34 (43.59%) cases; 29 (85.29%) grew a single organism, and five (14.71%) grew two organisms. The majority, 64.71% (22 samples), grew diphtheroids, and 41.17% (14 samples) grew Staphylococcus. Four (5.13%) patients had corynebacterial triad.

Limitations:
Cross-sectional study, small sample size, and poor culture yield.

Conclusion:
TA involves young males from rural areas, commonly in summer. The flava variant is the most common. No distinct species of bacteria (diphtheroids and staphylococci) could be related to its cause.
Demographic Perspectives and De-escalation Challenges in Pediatric Emergency Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Rivera-Koberstein Ninoshka , Agrawal Amit , Galwankar Sagar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Medical literature on emergency care for children with special healthcare needs (SHCNs) reports the inherent challenges in the managing of these children, like limited history, distress for patients and families, and unique management requirements for healthcare teams. This study analyzed the demographic data on children with SHCNs to explore de-escalation strategies, the effectiveness of chemical de-escalation, and clinical management strategies used and compared the length of stay in the emergency department (ED) between patients who received medications and those who did not.

Methods:
This was a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Data were collected from the last 150 patients diagnosed with SHCNs across three ED s within this hospital system since July 1, 2023. Children aged 18 years or younger diagnosed with SHCNs requiring special modifications. Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Kruskal–Wallis H-test.

Results:
The demographic analysis showed that 60% of children with SHCNs were female, with a mean age of 12.3 years. The most common presentation time was 6–8 pm. autism spectrum disorder (28%) and anxiety disorder (27%) were the most frequent diagnoses, with substance abuse present in 45% of patients. Medications helped reduce the ED stay, which was statistically significant, suggesting that medications may facilitate effective de-escalation; At the same time, in a few cases, verbal de-escalation also appeared helpful. There is a need for robust documentation on verbal de-escalation strategies, such as details on patients who did not receive medications and were successfully managed verbally or required repeated reassurance.

Conclusions:
This study provides insight into the diverse challenges of managing children with SHCNs in the emergency settings. The high prevalence of substance abuse, particularly in children with autism spectrum, increases the complexity of care. While medications may reduce ED stay, further research is needed to understand this patient population’s complex needs better.
Surgical reconstruction of invasive external cervical root resorption with perforation and associated periodontal defect using novel bioceramic materials and cone beam computed tomography as a diagnostic adjunct- A case report
Authors: Thakur Vikrant , Verma Shweta , Goel Munish , Kumar Vijay , Singh Baljeet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
Tooth resorption; both internal and external, occasionally occurs as an inflammatory response of the dentoalveolar apparatus to infection. Depending on the type of resorption, etiology, and the stage at which root resorption defect is detected, different treatment regimens have been proposed. This case report demonstrates the management of extensive inflammatory combined internal and external root resorption by nonsurgical endodontic therapy using a Bioceramic sealer (BioRoot RCS) and surgical reconstruction of resorptive defect using Biodentine. On follow-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, clinical and radiographic evidence revealed signs of periapical healing, arrested root resorption, and periodontal reattachment. The inclusion of cone beam computed tomography plays a crucial role in diagnosis, decision-making, and treatment planning and thus successful management of such cases having Endodontic-Periodontal involvement. As supported by clinical and radiographic findings at 12-month follow-up, treatment of cases with extensive root resorption and associated involvement of periodontium can be successfully done using bioceramic materials.
Evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor levels in periodontal tissues of patients suffering from periodontitis and/or diabetes mellitus: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Babu Harshavardhana , Rath Saroj Kumar , Gupta Nitin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:

Background and Objectives:
Pathogenesis of periodontal diseases over the years has been a subject of discussion in the field of periodontology. Search is on for novel biomarkers that designate the presence or absence of the disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one such marker investigated recently which has been seen to increase both in periodontitis and diabetes. Hence, this study was under taken to evaluate and compare the VEGF levels in periodontal tissues of patients having either periodontitis or diabetes mellitus (DM) with those having both.

Materials and Methods:
The study group was divided into the four groups of 25 patients in each group. Group A were patients having healthy periodontium and without any systemic diseases. Group B were patients having periodontitis without any systemic diseases. Group C were patients having both periodontitis and DM. Group D were patients having only DM without any periodontitis. The VEGF levels were graded into three grades of 0, 1 and 2. They were evaluated through immunohistochemistry in tissue samples obtained from all the groups.

Results:
Healthy patients generally had Grade 0 level whereas patients having only periodontitis or only DM had primarily Grade 1. Most of the patients having both periodontitis and diabetes had Grade 2 level of VEGF.

Conclusion:
The outcome of this cross-sectional study to assess the relationship between periodontitis, diabetes and VEGF levels is declarative toward a positive correlation between periodontitis, diabetes and increase in the VEGF levels.
Radiological resolution of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised patients in North India
Authors: Pandit Sayar Ahmad , Koul Hazique P , Saif Saniya 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common infectious cause of death, and radiology is a corner stone of its management. No data are available from India regarding the radiological resolution of CAP in the current antibiotic era. We set out to study determine the radiological resolution of CAP.

Methods:
The study was conducted in a 1250-bedded North Indian hospital. Consecutive consenting adults admitted with CAP over a period of 2 years from July 2019 were enrolled for the study. The patients were subjected to routine investigations and radiological imaging and treated with standard antibiotic/antiviral therapy as per standard protocols and followed daily till clinical resolution and discharge from the hospital. Serial chest radiographs were taken at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after admission, and the follow-up terminated at either complete clinical or radiological resolution.

Results:
176 patients (age 20 to 90 years, median 60 years; 109 (61.9%) male) participated. Eighty-nine (50.6%) patients were current smokers. Chest radiographs revealed lobar consolidation as the most common finding (n = 97, 55.1%), followed by pulmonary infiltrates (n = 73, 41.5%) and pleural effusion (n = 6, 3.1%); 44 (25%) patients had multi-lobar consolidation The rates of radiological resolution at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks follow-up were 30%, 38.5% (cumulative 68.5%), 25.7% (cumulative 94.2%), and 5.9% (cumulative 100%) of patients, respectively. The average time taken for radiological resolution was 31.49 (±20.2) days in 70 cases, where documented. On multi-variate analysis, smoking was an independent factor for delayed radiological resolution (P = 0.007).

Conclusion:
Radiological resolution of CAP occurs in the majority (68.5%) of the patients at 4 weeks from the time of clinical presentation, with smoking as an independent risk factor for delayed (>4 week) radiological resolution. Clinicians can wait for 4 weeks to document radiological recovery unless clinical features suggest otherwise.
Multiple Discrimination of an Ethiopian Woman with Visual Impairment
Authors: Bihonegn Adugna Abebe 
Published: February 2025

This qualitative study employed a case study design to explore the experiences of Hewan (Pseudonym), a 28-years-old Ethiopian woman who is with a visual impairment. In order to investigate this woman’s distinct experiences, this study included two key informant interviewees in addition to her qualitative interview. She was chosen with a purposive sampling technique since she lives in Ethiopia’s capital city, Addis Ababa. The dynamic consequences of gender, poverty and disability on this young woman’s life is analyzed by applying thematic analysis. This study revealed that Hewan has experienced a number of detrimental pressures such as, internalized oppression, poverty, social marginalization and neglect, sexual discrimination, lack of access to basic necessities and poor healthcare. The results of this study demonstrated the considerable negative effects that gender and disability stereotypes have imposed on Hewan’s psycho- emotional health. The findings also highlighted the critical need for families to be sensitive to the needs of their members and for their society’s members so as to establish inclusive social environments.
Cooperative Learning in High Schools: Practices, Benefits and Challenges in Focus
Authors: Yizengaw Simegn Sendek 
Published: February 2025

The main purpose of this research was to examine the practices, benefits and challenges of cooperative learning in high schools of Yeka Sub-city, Addis Ababa. Descriptive survey design was used, and data were collected from 263 participants who were recruited using simple random-lottery sampling technique by using questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation and independent sample t-test whereas content analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative data which were collected using an open-ended questionnaire. The result of the study showed that the response of both teachers’ and students’ towards the practice of cooperative learning were concentrated on the middle value of the scale of measurement. That is, respondents often rate ‘unable to decide’ about the practice of cooperative learning in relation to its basic elements. But, their responses were far below the center of the scale on group processing element. On the other hand, teachers were significantly higher than students on group processing, and on the role of teachers in cooperative learning implementation. Regarding the perceived benefits of cooperative learning, the responses of both teachers and students showed that they were positioned around the midpoint of the scale. That means, they were not sure whether to agree or not to agree about the academic, social and psychological benefits of cooperative learning for students. Concerning demographic variables, female teachers scored significantly greater mean than male counter parts in responding to the practice of cooperative learning as per its basic elements, and on the role of teachers in facilitating the process. In addition, statistically significant difference was found between grade 11 and grade 12 students where the latter group of students scored better acknowledged the involvement of teachers in cooperative learning practices. Uncomfortable time schedule; lack of interest and motivation and lack of awareness about the importance of cooperative learning were identified as the major challenges which affect i the practice of cooperative learning. The researchers recommended that preparing awareness raising training and discussion forums for both teachers and students and integrating the program as part of the regular class are salient for effective implementation of cooperative learning.
In-Vitro and In-Silico Anti-Cariogenic Bacterial Activity of Selected Spices Commonly Consumed in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Agu Georgia C. , Sossou Ibukun T. , Abiola Temitope D. , Afolabi Olubukola T. , Sanusi Ajoke S. , Atunnise Adeleke K. 
Published: February 2025

Dental caries is a preventable oral disease simply by practicing good oral hygiene; however, this disease remains a global health challenge due to the difficulties in management and treatment. Onion, ginger, and nutmeg extracts have been reported as potent antibiotics. Thus, the study investigated the efficacy of these three spices against cariogenic bacteria. Samples were collected from consented caried-patients at the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. Disc and agar well diffusion methods were used to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity of the spices against the isolates, respectively. The anti-cariogenic potential of significant compounds in each of the spices was further assessed against four bacterial target proteins (DNA gyrase B, dihydrofolate reductase (DHF), D-alanine: D-alanine ligase (Ddl1), and Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IARS). Out of 100 samples collected, hundred and sixty-six (166) isolates were recovered: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (105), Staphylococcus aureus (52), and Streptococcus mutans (9). In-silico studies revealed that kaempferol in onion, luteolin 7-O-glucoside in ginger, and macelignan in nutmeg had high binding affinities for the four target proteins (∆G> -7 kcal/mol). At 100% concentration, onions showed a higher zone of inhibition (20-22 mm) against the tested bacteria. In comparison, diameter zones of 20.33 mm and 20.67 mm for ginger, and 19.67 mm and 16.67 mm for nutmeg were observed against Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. It was also observed that at higher concentrations of 100%, the tested spices had a higher inhibitory effect against the tested bacteria than the control antibiotics.
Effectiveness of conservative methods for plantar fasciitis treatment in athletes
Authors: Slivin A. V. , Karmazin V. V. , Shlykov K. A. , Parastaev S. A. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a multifactorial pathology that restricts an athlete’s training and competitive activities, leading to premature termination of a sports career in some cases. The search for optimal conservative treatment methods that may improve the overall therapy effectiveness represents an important task of sports medicine.Objective. Development of a differentiated approach to conservative treatment of athletes suffering from PF, taking the biomechanical features of the disease into account.Materials and methods. The study involved 82 athletes, including 37 men and 45 women suffering from unilateral PF with a median age of 30 (23; 34) years. The participants were divided into four groups depending on the type of therapeutical action: Group 1 — shock wave therapy (ESWT); Group 2 — vibration therapy combined with myofascial release of the muscles of the posterior thigh and shin; Group 3 — individual orthoses of the feet; Group 4 — a combination of vibration therapy, myofascial release, individual orthoses of the feet. The tested therapeutic measures were assessed by the dynamics of pain syndrome, the results of baropodometry, the severity of tension in the thigh and shin muscles, and changes in the thickness of plantar aponeurosis.Results. All the studied treatment methods showed varying degrees of effectiveness in reducing pain (p < 0.001), reducing the thickness of plantar aponeurosis (p < 0.05), normalizing plantar pressure in the posterior and anterior parts of the affected foot (p < 0.05), and increasing the postural stability of athletes according to objective indicators (p < 0.05). The use of ESWT resulted in the most pronounced reduction in pain. In Groups 2 (vibration therapy and myofascial release) and 3 (individual foot orthoses), a statistically significant decrease in muscle tension in the posterior shin group was observed (p < 0.05). In addition, in Group 2, the angle of dorsiflexion of the ankle joint increased significantly (p < 0.05). Group 4 (combined treatment) demonstrated the highest level of biomechanical stability.Conclusions. ESWT demonstrates a high effectiveness in relieving a pronounced acute process. In cases where an athlete experiences some biomechanical disorders or deformities of the foot, orthoses of the feet are advisable. In case of tension of the shin muscles and limitation of dorsiflexion, vibration therapy combined with myofascial release is recommended.
Os valores civilizatórios africanos e indígenas nas práticas de fortalecimento da cultura de paz nas escolas brasileiras
Authors: Elmôr Elisandra Campos Souza , Âmbar Rafael Vieira 
Published: February 2025

Com enfoque nos debates de promoção de cultura de paz como resposta ao enfrentamento das violências nas escolas brasileiras, este artigo, busca apresentar que valores semelhantes ao que propõe a cultura de paz já estão presentes nas culturas dos povos africanos e indíge-nas, mas que precisam ser ensinados e vivenciados nas escolas do Brasil como fator para transformações sociais. A proposta do artigo advoga na centralidade de valores civilizatórios originários de África - que se difere do antirracismo que é da categoria ocidental - e está relacionado a valores que permeiam a diversidade, a comunidade, o respeito pela natureza e todos os seres que a compõem, ou seja, são essenciais para repensar as relações sociais e étnico-raciais a fim de trilhar caminhos que possam superar as práticas violentas que são concebidas pelas limitações hegemônicas do currículo padrão eurocentrado ao extremo. Como resultado, o artigo alerta que a cultura de paz está diretamente ligada às leis 10.639/2003 e 11.645/2008 uma vez que o propósito social e coletivo de paz está conectado ao enfrentamento das desigualdades que mantém as violências e giram em torno das ques-tões raciais que marcam o processo histórico-social do Brasil.
YANGI OʻZBEKISTONDA TURIZM SOHASIDAGI QONUNCHILIKNI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH MASALASIGA NAZAR
Authors: Ubaydullayev Abror 
Published: February 2025

Mazkur maqolada islom moliya huquqi va anʼanaviy huquqiy tizimlar oʻrtasidagi soʻnggi asrlarda yuzaga kelgan bogʼliqlik hamda oʻzaro farqlanishlar batafsil hamda tadrijiy tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, Yevropa kontinental hamda umumiy huquq oilasi negizidagi tizimlarning musulmon mamlakatlariga, ularning huquqiy oʻziga xosligiga, moliyaviy-huquqiy tizimlariga taʼsiri tahlil qilingan. Jumladan, anglo-sakson hamda roman-german huquqiy oilalarining moliya qonunchiligi, soliq, budjet masalalariga yondashuvining islom huquqi moliya institutidagi umumiy qoida hamda tamoyillar bilan qiyosiy-huquqiy tahlili amalga oshiriladi.
Investigating Antioxidant and Antidepressant Potential of Methanolic Extract and its Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Prunus Persica Leaves on Rat Model
Authors: Singh Sneha , Mehta SPS , K. Keservani Raj , K. Keservani Rajeshwar Kamal Kant Arya 
Published: February 2025

Traditionally, Prunus persica has been utilized for treating mental disorders for a long time, but to date, it has not been approved as a drug due to a lack of pharmacological investigations on this plant. The current examinations have been planned to assess the phytochemical, in-vitro antioxidant activity, and in-vivo antidepressant activity of plants using well-established animal models.