bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement and optimized implementation of cryptoGPS protocol for low‐cost radio‐frequency identification authentication
Authors: Dong Qingkuan , Ding Wenxiu , Wei Lili 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn radio‐frequency identification (RFID) authentication technology, the authentication schemes between reader and tag based on public‐key cryptography (PKC) are much better than those based on symmetric‐key cryptography in terms of expanding the scale of RFID applications and the style of providing service, while the limitation of resource consumption and computation capability of RFID tags makes it difficult to apply traditional PKC to RFID authentications. The cryptoGPS protocol based on PKC proposed by Mcloone and Robshaw suits low‐cost RFID system well, but it just achieves one‐way authentication, and the authentication times are very limited, which makes it vulnerable to coupons‐exhausted DoS attacks. To solve these problems, cryptoGPS protocol is greatly improved to realize the mutual authentication between RFID reader and the tag. In the improved protocol, a readers' public key distribution scheme is proposed to support the mutual authentication and a coupons updating algorithm is presented to resist the aforementioned DoS attack. Moreover, a modified Rabin encryption algorithm and a parameter generation method based on Low Hamming Weight technology are proposed to optimize the implementation of the proposed authentication protocol. And a feasible hardware structure of the protocol is also given. The protocol's simulation results show that the scheme just needs 3232 equivalent gates, and the maximum time of single step is 3.3 ms (500 k clock). The scheme is suitable for the low‐cost tags. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cesium/Xenon dual beam sputtering in a Cameca instrument
Authors: Pureti R. , Douhard B. , Joris D. , Merkulov A. , Vandervorst W. 
Published: September 2014

Although the use of cesium (or oxygen) primary ions in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) enabled its success in microelectronics, issues arise at ultra‐low energies, as required for extreme depth resolution, as the sputter yield becomes very small such that one enters the regime of ion beam deposition instead of material erosion. A potential solution is then to lower the Cs supply by using a Cs/Xe co‐sputtering as introduced by ION‐TOF and explored extensively by J. Brison.In this work, we describe a somewhat similar implementation in a Cameca SC Ultra and assess its performance and impact on ion yields. Because of the specific Cameca instrumental configuration, one alternates with short time intervals between Cs+ and Xe+ primary ions in the same ion column. Depending on the time intervals used, this approach leads to either quasi‐simultaneous sputtering (intervals ~80 ms) or sequential (intervals >1 s) sputtering. An exponential variation of the Si− yield is observed when the Cs beam fraction varies from 0 (Xe) to 1 (Cs) and is ascribed to the corresponding increase in the near surface Cs concentration, CCs. Moreover, we observed detailed timing effects of the beams implying that the same nominal CCs may lead to different secondary ion yields suggesting effectively a different CCs. These effects are further investigated by observing the finer details of Cs accumulation and migration mechanisms in situ. Finally, when analysing SiGe/Si layers, it is found that with increasing Cs/Xe ratio, the decay lengths tend to decrease whereas matrix effects at interfaces show an opposite trend. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional screening of a cDNA library from the desiccation-tolerant plant Selaginella lepidophylla in yeast mutants identifies trehalose biosynthesis genes of plant and microbial origin
Authors: Pampurova Suzana , Verschooten Katrien , Avonce Nelson , Van Dijck Patrick 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide that accumulates to large quantities in microbial cells, but in plants it is generally present in very low, barely-detectible levels. A notable exception is the desiccation-tolerant plant Selaginella lepidophylla, which accumulates very high levels of trehalose in both the hydrated and dehydrated state. As trehalose is known to protect membranes, proteins, and whole cells against dehydration stress, we have been interested in the characterization of the trehalose biosynthesis enzymes of S. lepidophylla; they could assist in engineering crop plants towards better stress tolerance. We previously isolated and characterized trehalose-6-phosphate synthases from Arabidopsis thaliana (desiccation sensitive) and S. lepidophylla (desiccation tolerant) and found that they had similar enzymatic characteristics. In this paper, we describe the isolation and characterization of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase from S. lepidophylla and show that its catalytic activities are also similar to those of its homolog in A. thaliana. Screening of an S. lepidophylla cDNA library using yeast trehalose biosynthesis mutants resulted in the isolation of a large number of trehalose biosynthesis genes that were of microbial rather than plant origin. Thus, we suggest that the high trehalose levels observed in S. lepidophylla are not the product of the plant but that of endophytes, which are known to be present in this plant. Additionally, the high trehalose levels in S. lepidophylla are unlikely to account for its desiccation tolerance, because its drought-stress-sensitive relative, S. moellendorffii, also accumulated high levels of trehalose.
Phenotypic characterisation of Saccharomyces spp. for tolerance to 1-butanol
Authors: Zaki A M , Wimalasena T T , Greetham D 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Biofuels are expected to play a role in replacing crude oil as a liquid transportation fuel, and research into butanol has highlighted the importance of this alcohol as a fuel. Butanol has a higher energy density than ethanol, butanol–gasoline blends do not separate in the presence of water, and butanol is miscible with gasoline (Szulczyk, Int J Energy Environ 1(1):2876–2895, 40). Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a fermentative organism in the biofuel industry producing ethanol from glucose derived from starchy plant material; however, it typically cannot tolerate butanol concentrations greater than 2 % (Luong, Biotechnol Bioeng 29 (2):242–248, 27). 90 Saccharomyces spp. strains were screened for tolerance to 1-butanol via a phenotypic microarray assay and we observed significant variation in response with the most tolerant strains (S. cerevisiae DBVPG1788, S. cerevisiae DBVPG6044 and S. cerevisiae YPS128) exhibiting tolerance to 4 % 1-butanol compared with S. uvarum and S. castelli strains, which were sensitive to 3 % 1-butanol. Response to butanol was confirmed using traditional yeast methodologies such as growth; it was observed that fermentations in the presence of butanol, when using strains with a tolerant background, were significantly faster. Assessing for genetic rationale for tolerance, it was observed that 1-butanol-tolerant strains, when compared with 1-butanol-sensitive strains, had an up-regulation of RPN4, a transcription factor which regulates proteasome genes. Analysing for the importance of RPN4, we observed that a Δrpn4 strain displayed a reduced rate of fermentation in the presence of 1-butanol when compared with the BY4741 background strain. This data will aid the development of breeding programmes to produce better strains for future bio-butanol production.
‘THE CHIEFS, ELDERS, AND PEOPLE HAVE FOR MANY YEARS SUFFERED UNTOLD HARDSHIPS’: PROTESTS BY COALITIONS OF THE EXCLUDED IN BRITISH NORTHERN TOGOLAND, UN TRUSTEESHIP TERRITORY, 1950–7
Authors: Stacey Paul 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article examines the use of tradition by minority groups whose territorial incorporation into British Northern Togoland under UN trusteeship was marked by political exclusion. This contrasts with the more typical pattern of productive and inclusive relations developing between chiefs and the administering authority within the boundaries of what was to become Ghana. In East Gonja, marginalized groups produced their own chiefs while simultaneously appealing to the UN Trusteeship Council to protect their native rights. The article contributes to studies on the limits of the ‘invention of tradition’ by showing the influence of external structures on African agency and organization. As the minority groups sought UN support on the basis of their native status, the colonial power affirmed alternative versions of tradition that were perceived locally as illegitimate and thereby rendered ineffective.
Association Between Interleukin-6 and Neurocognitive Performance as a Function of Self-Reported Lifetime Marijuana Use in a Community Based Sample of African American Adults
Authors: Keen Larry , Turner Arlener D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to determine if self-reported lifetime marijuana use moderates the relationship between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neurocognitive performance. Participants included 161 African American adults (50.3% women), with a mean age of 45.24 (SD=11.34). Serum was drawn upon entry into the study and participants completed a demographic questionnaire, which included drug use history, and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Using multiple regression analyses and adjusting for demographic covariates, the interaction term comprised of IL-6 and self-reported lifetime marijuana use was significantly associated with poorer performance on the Written (β=−.116; SE=.059; p=.049) and Oral trials (β=−.143; SE=.062; p=.022) of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, as well as the Trail Making Test trial A (β=.157; SE=.071; p=.028). Current findings support previous literature, which presents the inverse relationship between IL-6 and neurocognitive dysfunction. The potential protective properties of marijuana use in African Americans, who are at increased risk for inflammatory diseases, are discussed. (JINS, 2014, 20, 773–783)
The non-existence of private self-regulation in the transnational sphere and its implications for the responsibility to procure legitimacy: The case of thelex sportiva
Authors: WOLF KLAUS DIETER 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article is a critical examination of the claim that the emergence of private self-regulatory regimes in the transnational sphere signals a new trend of self-constitutionalization outside the limits of nation-state based or intergovernmental control. It deals with the question to what extent the diffusion of public authority in the sphere beyond the state affects the responsibility of the state(s) to procure the legitimacy of such private self-regulation. First, a conceptual argument is developed which identifies private self-regulatory regimes as rule systems nested in a specific constitutional order of the international society, here described as ‘neo-Westphalian’ (Section I). Second, implications for the responsibility to procure the legitimacy of collectively binding regulatory functions performed by private actors in the sphere beyond the state are considered (Section II). Often cited as a model example of autonomous societal self-regulation, thelex sportivarenders particularly strong plausibility for the claimed non-existence of purely private self-regulation. The regulation of performance-enhancing substances can serve to demonstrate the complex interactions between multiple public and private sites of constitutional authority (Section III). In conclusion (Section IV), I argue that, although the ultimate responsibility for providing legitimacy continues to lie with the state/world of states, the political order of the international society as construed in neo-Westphalian terms provides a dispersed and fragmented constitutional-style legal framework with few reliable guarantees that states are capable or willing to enact their background role. Therefore, a substantial part of the burden of – initial – legitimation must be carried by those directly involved in private self-regulation by constituting and exercising public authority.
Filling schemes at submicron scale: Development of submicron sized plasmonic colour filters
Authors: Rajasekharan Ranjith , Balaur Eugeniu , Minovich Alexander , Collins Sean , James Timothy D. , Djalalian-Assl Amir , Ganesan Kumaravelu , Tomljenovic-Hanic Snjezana , Kandasamy Sasikaran , Skafidas Efstratios , Neshev Dragomir N. , Mulvaney Paul , Roberts Ann , Prawer Steven 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe pixel size imposes a fundamental limit on the amount of information that can be displayed or recorded on a sensor. Thus, there is strong motivation to reduce the pixel size down to the nanometre scale. Nanometre colour pixels cannot be fabricated by simply downscaling current pixels due to colour cross talk and diffraction caused by dyes or pigments used as colour filters. Colour filters based on plasmonic effects can overcome these difficulties. Although different plasmonic colour filters have been demonstrated at the micron scale, there have been no attempts so far to reduce the filter size to the submicron scale. Here, we present for the first time a submicron plasmonic colour filter design together with a new challenge - pixel boundary errors at the submicron scale. We present simple but powerful filling schemes to produce submicron colour filters, which are free from pixel boundary errors and colour cross- talk, are polarization independent and angle insensitive and based on LCD compatible aluminium technology. These results lay the basis for the development of submicron pixels in displays, RGB-spatial light modulators, liquid crystal over silicon, Google glasses and pico-projectors.
Impurities as a quantum thermometer for a Bose-Einstein condensate
Authors: Sabín Carlos , White Angela , Hackermuller Lucia , Fuentes Ivette 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe introduce a primary thermometer which measures the temperature of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in the sub-nK regime. We show, using quantum Fisher information, that the precision of our technique improves the state-of-the-art in thermometry in the sub-nK regime. The temperature of the condensate is mapped onto the quantum phase of an atomic dot that interacts with the system for short times. We show that the highest precision is achieved when the phase is dynamical rather than geometric and when it is detected through Ramsey interferometry. Standard techniques to determine the temperature of a condensate involve an indirect estimation through mean particle velocities made after releasing the condensate. In contrast to these destructive measurements, our method involves a negligible disturbance of the system.
Reaching for the sky while rooting to the ground
Authors: Liu Chun-Ming , Wang Ling 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
As an internationally renowned plant molecular biologist, Professor Jiayang Li is now wearing the heavy hat of the Vice-Minister of Agriculture and the President of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS). During an interview with NSR, Li talked about the recent development of the CAAS innovation program, the mission of CAAS in fulfilling the country's needs, the promises of ‘molecular breeding by design’, the public concerns on genetic modified food and how he maintains an active laboratory amid heavy administrative duties.
Accounting for eXentricities: Analysis of the X chromosome in GWAS reveals X-linked genes implicated in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Chang Diana , Gao Feng , Slavney Andrea , Ma Li , Waldman Yedael Y. , Sams Aaron J. , Billing-Ross Paul , Madar Aviv , Spritz Richard , Keinan Alon 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTMany complex human diseases are highly sexually dimorphic, suggesting a potential contribution of the X chromosome to disease risk. However, the X chromosome has been neglected or incorrectly analyzed in most genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We present tailored analytical methods and software that facilitate X-wide association studies (XWAS), which we further applied to reanalyze data from 16 GWAS of different autoimmune and related diseases (AID). We associated several X-linked genes with disease risk, among which (1)ARHGEF6is associated with Crohn’s disease and replicated in a study of ulcerative colitis, another inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Indeed, ARHGEF6 interacts with a gastric bacterium that has been implicated in IBD. (2)CENPIis associated with three different AID, which is compelling in light of known associations with AID of autosomal genes encoding centromere proteins, as well as established autosomal evidence of pleiotropy between autoimmune diseases. (3) We replicated a previous association ofFOXP3, a transcription factor that regulates T-cell development and function, with vitiligo; and (4) we discovered thatC1GALT1C1exhibits sex-specific effect on disease risk in both IBDs. These and other X-linked genes that we associated with AID tend to be highly expressed in tissues related to immune response, participate in major immune pathways, and display differential gene expression between males and females. Combined, the results demonstrate the importance of the X chromosome in autoimmunity, reveal the potential of extensive XWAS, even based on existing data, and provide the tools and incentive to properly include the X chromosome in future studies.
Synthesizing Combination Therapies for Evolutionary Dynamics of Disease for Nonlinear Pharmacodynamics
Authors: Jonsson Vanessa , Matni Nikolai , Murray Richard M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOur previous results proposed an iterative scalable algorithm for the systematic design of sparse, small gain feedback strategies that stabilize the evolutionary dynamics of a generic disease model with linear pharmacodynamics. In this manuscript, we use piecewise linear approximations to model nonlinear drug effects. We leverage results from optimal controller synthesis for positive systems to formulate the feedback synthesis problem as an optimization problem that sequentially explores piecewise linear subsystems corresponding to higher and higher treatment dosages.
“This theatre is a part of me” contrasting brand attitude and brand attachment as drivers of audience behaviour
Authors: Baumgarth Carsten 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of brand attitude and brand attachment on different categories of visitors’ behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper adapts a model from the classical brand research on the cultural sector. This model is tested by a visitor survey for an independent theatre and the soft modelling approach PLS.

Findings
– Brand attitude and brand attachment explain similar simple types of consumer behaviour in the cultural and arts context. However, most difficult visitors’ behaviour like volunteering or demonstration is only explained by brand attachment.

Practical implications
– Cultural manager should consider brand attachment as an additional construct in classical visitor surveys. Furthermore, cultural manager should develop and implement measures for increasing the brand attachment via a higher level of brand identification and brand prominence.

Originality/value
– This paper is the first research, which integrates the construct brand attachment in the cultural sector. Furthermore, the distinction between different categories of visitors’ behaviour is new and fruitful for further brand research in the cultural sector. Finally, the discussed measures for improving the brand attachment opens directions for further research.
Star quality: celebrity casting in London West End theatres
Authors: Caldwell Niall , Nicholson Kathryn 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the practice of casting celebrity performers in London West End theatres. The paper uses the literature on celebrity to explore the impact that casting a celebrity has on the London theatre audience.Design/methodology/approach– The pervasiveness of celebrity culture forms the background and starting point for this research. In the first phase, theatre managers, directors and producers were interviewed to explore their views on the practice of celebrity casting. In the second phase, an audience survey was conducted. The approach taken is exploratory and is intended to illuminate the conditions under which a successful celebrity-focused strategy can be constructed.Findings– A distinction between fame and celebrity was drawn by both theatre professionals and audiences, with celebrity status being seen as something that is created by media exposure and being in the public eye. This is in contrast to fame, which is earned by being famous for something, or some achievement. Theatre audiences are more likely to be attracted by celebrities who have theatrical expertise and not by someone known simply through film, television or the all-pervasive gossip columns. Celebrities with a background in theatre and film were seen to strongly draw audiences to the theatre, as opposed to those with a background in reality TV shows, search-for-a-star shows or for being half of a famous couple.Originality/value– The paper is focused on the theatre and makes an original contribution to the current discussion of the power wielded by celebrities. It is the first empirical research on this aspect of the theatre business. Its contribution lies in understanding audience members’ interpretation and understanding of celebrity to ascertain the extent to which they perceive celebrities as credible to perform theatre. This is based on a differentiation between their mediated fame and expertise. It is helpful and useful information for producers when deciding whether or not to cast a celebrity and to which audiences that the celebrity might appeal.
Firm characteristics, distress risk and average stock returns
Authors: Simlai Prodosh 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine the empirical relationship between firm-level characteristics and the variability of the average portfolio returns of distressed firms. The cross-sectional role of momentum in the market mispricing of distressed firms is evaluated. Distress risk associated with size and book-to-market ratio is also disentangled.

Design/methodology/approach
– All of NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ stocks between January 1972 and December 2008 are used, and the individual and joint role of firm characteristics are studied in detail. Using a measure of distressed stocks based on Campbell, Hilscher and Szilagyi (CHS, 2008), new findings on how stock return anomalies are related to the interactions between firm characteristics and financial distress risk are provided.

Findings
– The findings show that the size and value effects are not due to distress risk. Also, contrary to the existing empirical evidence, momentum does not proxy for distress risk. Furthermore, in the cross-sectional analysis, momentum subsumes the effect of size risk, and book-to-market acts as an independent state variable.

Research limitations/implications
– The exposition of the paper is limited in many directions. To measure the extent of financial distress, only the model of CHS (2008) is used. As the level of distress is the key input in the paper, it would be interesting to use some other measure of distress, such as Z-score and O-score in the sample.

Practical implications
– Collectively, the pricing results in this paper help to foster a better understanding of the nature of distressed stocks, and the identification of distress risk premium. It will help scholars and investment professionals to make robust portfolio management decisions.

Originality/value
– Overall, this paper investigates an important research direction that can potentially shed new light on our understanding of the risk–return relationship of financially distressed stocks. The individual effect of momentum on the variability of the distressed firm’s average returns is highlighted. A formal cross-sectional test of the relationship between distress risk and firm characteristics that include momentum is presented. None of them is quite known in the existing literature.