bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal exposure to diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy and increased breast cancer risk in daughters
Authors: Hilakivi-Clarke Leena 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe idea that susceptibility to breast cancer is determined not only through inherited germline mutations but also by epigenetic changes induced by alterations in hormonal environment during fetal development is gaining increasing support. Using findings obtained in human and animal studies, this review addresses the mechanisms that may explain why daughters of mothers who took synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy have two times higher breast cancer risk than women who were not exposed to it. The mechanisms likely involve epigenetic alterations, such as increased DNA methylation and modifications in histones and microRNA expression. Further, these alterations may target genes that regulate stem cells and prevent differentiation of their daughter cells. Recent findings in a preclinical model suggest that not only are women exposed to DES in utero at an increased risk of developing breast cancer, but this risk may extend to their daughters and granddaughters as well. It is critical, therefore, to determine if the increased risk is driven by epigenetic alterations in genes that increase susceptibility to breast cancer and if these alterations are reversible.
Coefficient of glucose variation is independently associated with mortality in critically ill patients receiving intravenous insulin
Authors: Lanspa Michael J , Dickerson Justin , Morris Alan H , Orme James F , Holmen John , Hirshberg Eliotte L 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Both patient- and context-specific factors may explain the conflicting evidence regarding glucose control in critically ill patients. Blood glucose variability appears to correlate with mortality, but this variability may be an indicator of disease severity, rather than an independent predictor of mortality. We assessed blood glucose coefficient of variation as an independent predictor of mortality in the critically ill.

Methods
We used eProtocol-Insulin, an electronic protocol for managing intravenous insulin with explicit rules, high clinician compliance, and reproducibility. We studied critically ill patients from eight hospitals, excluding patients with diabetic ketoacidosis and patients supported with eProtocol-insulin for < 24 hours or with < 10 glucose measurements. Our primary clinical outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. We performed multivariable logistic regression, with covariates of age, gender, glucose coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean), Charlson comorbidity score, acute physiology score, presence of diabetes, and occurrence of hypoglycemia < 60 mg/dL.

Results
We studied 6101 critically ill adults. Coefficient of variation was independently associated with 30-day mortality (odds ratio 1.23 for every 10% increase, P < 0.001), even after adjustment for hypoglycemia, age, disease severity, and comorbidities. The association was higher in non-diabetics (OR = 1.37, P < 0.001) than in diabetics (OR 1.15, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Blood glucose variability is associated with mortality and is independent of hypoglycemia, disease severity, and comorbidities. Future studies should evaluate blood glucose variability.
Repression of chimeric transcripts emanating from endogenous retrotransposons by a sequence-specific transcription factor
Authors: Mak Ka Sin , Burdach Jon , Norton Laura J , Pearson Richard CM , Crossley Merlin , Funnell Alister PW 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background
Retroviral elements are pervasively transcribed and dynamically regulated during development. While multiple histone- and DNA-modifying enzymes have broadly been associated with their global silencing, little is known about how the many diverse retroviral families are each selectively recognized.

Results
Here we show that the zinc finger protein Krüppel-like Factor 3 (KLF3) specifically silences transcription from the ORR1A0 long terminal repeat in murine fetal and adult erythroid cells. In the absence of KLF3, we detect widespread transcription from ORR1A0 elements driven by the master erythroid regulator KLF1. In several instances these aberrant transcripts are spliced to downstream genic exons. One such chimeric transcript produces a novel, dominant negative isoform of PU.1 that can induce erythroid differentiation.

Conclusions
We propose that KLF3 ensures the integrity of the murine erythroid transcriptome through the selective repression of a particular retroelement and is likely one of multiple sequence-specific factors that cooperate to achieve global silencing.
Phagocytosis of apoptotic or necrotic cells differentially regulates the transcriptional expression of IL-12 family members in dendritic cells
Authors: Dixon Karen O , O'Flynn Joseph , van der Kooij Sandra W , van Kooten Cees 
Published: April 2014

AbstractUptake of apoptotic cells by DCs is considered to contribute to induction and maintenance of immunological tolerance. TolDCs are sought after as cellular therapy in transplantation and autoimmunity and can be generated in vitro using GCs. In this study, we investigated how uptake of dead cells affects the production and expression of different members of the IL-12 family by immature DCs or TolDCs. We show that compared to regular immature DCs, TolDCs display elevated levels of PS-recognizing bridge molecule receptors αvβ5 and CD36, and have enhanced phagocytic abilities with accelerated uptake of apoptotic cells. We confirm that apoptotic cell uptake results in diminished production of IL-12p40 and IL-12p70 by DCs. We now show that this also results in increased expression of IL-12p35 and Ebi3. TolDCs completely lack expression of IL-12p40 yet have enhanced levels of Ebi3 and IL-12p35. Uptake by TolDCs of apoptotic or necrotic cells does not affect the expression of Ebi3/IL-12p35 and also does not increase IL-12p40. This is distinct from the culture of immature DCs with necrotic cells, which is sufficient to induce IL-12p40 secretion. Conversely, ingestion of apoptotic cells by DCs leads to increased expression of IL-12p35 and Ebi3 without affecting IL-12p40. In conclusion, we have shown that uptake of apoptotic versus necrotic cells by DCs differentially regulates members of the IL-12 family. Apoptotic cells favor expression of Ebi3 and IL-12p35, and we propose that differential regulation of the IL-12 family is an additional mechanism in determining the immune response to dying cells.
First Microsatellites from Sesamia inferens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Tang Xiao-Tian , Xu Jing , Sun Meng , Xie Fang-Fang , Du Yu-Zhou 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important pest of rice in China and other parts of Asia. The wide geographic distribution and broad host range of S. inferens is likely to result in high genetic variability within the species. To better understand the genetic structure and phylogeography of this pest, 30 polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and characterized by fast isolation by amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO). Our results from two geographic locations (Yangzhou and Guiyang) showed that the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.181 to 0.947, with an average of 0.633 (relatively high polymorphism). The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 31, with expected heterozygosities from 0.196 to 0.962 and observed heterozygosities from 0.043 to 1.000. Fourteen loci showed no significant departure from Hardy—Weinberg equilibrium after sequential Bonferroni's correction at least in one population; furthermore, loci CA194 and GT106, GA13 and TG52, GA13 and TG51, CA31 and CA43, GT16 and GT206 showed significant linkage disequilibrium. A preliminary analysis of mutation patterns in microsatellites was undertaken, and three types of microsatellite mutation patterns were described. We conclude that the microsatellite markers described herein will be useful in studying population genetics within S. inferens. Furthermore, some of the microsatellites show high polymorphism and lack null alleles, indicating potential use in the identification of the species, S. inferens.
Determinants of “Sticky Costs”: An Analysis of Cost Behavior using United States Air Transportation Industry Data
Authors: Cannon James N. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
This paper examines determinants of sticky cost behavior, costs that increase faster than they decrease as demand fluctuates. The majority of the literature infers that sticky costs arise because managers retain idle capacity as demand falls, but add capacity as demand grows. I use United States Air Transportation industry data to confirm that managers do retain idle capacity when demand falls. However, I also find that sticky costs arise because managers lower selling prices to utilize existing capacity when demand falls, but add capacity (rather than raise selling prices) when demand grows. Finally, I find that sticky costs arise because managers incur more cost when adding capacity as demand grows than they incur when they add capacity as demand falls. Conversely, I find evidence of anti-sticky costs that occur because managers save more cost by removing capacity when demand falls than they save by removing capacity when demand grows.
Data Availability: Data are available from the author upon request.
Significance of analysing chemical composition of renal stones
Authors: Koirala S 
Published: April 2014

Background: This article aims to decipher chemical composition of renal stones and briefly outline laboratory tests and dietary habitual changes aimed at preventing stone recurrence. It is based on analysis of 95 renal stones received in a private lab in Kathmandu over a period of 1 year. Materials and Methods: Renal stones were analysed using simple qualitative biochemical tests.The stones were checked for presence of calcium, magnesium, ammonium, oxalate, phosphate, uric acid, cystine and carbonate. Results: Calcium was present in 97.8%, ammonium was present in 98.9%, phosphate was present in 25.2%, uric acid was present in 17.8%, magnesium was present in 10.5%, carbonate was present in 2.1% and cystine was not present in any of the stones. Most of the stones were composed of mixture of two or more than two of the above mentioned elements. Conclusion: Most stones are mixture of more than two cations and anions. Studies on larger test samples and if possible in correlation with routine examination of urine and urinary electrolyte excretion in a 24 hr urine sample would further aid in efforts aimed at preventing stone recurrence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10314 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2014) Vol. 4, 560-564
A set of plastid loci for use in multiplex fragment length genotyping for intraspecific variation in Pinus (Pinaceae)
Authors: Wofford Austin M. , Finch Kristen , Bigott Adam , Willyard Ann 
Published: April 2014

• Premise of the study: Recently released Pinus plastome sequences support characterization of 15 plastid simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) loci originally published for P. contorta and P. thunbergii. This allows selection of loci for single‐tube PCR multiplexed genotyping in any subsection of the genus.• Methods: Unique placement of primers and primer conservation across the genus were investigated, and a set of six loci were selected for single‐tube multiplexing. We compared interspecific variation between cpSSRs and nucleotide sequences of ycf1 and tested intraspecific variation for cpSSRs using 911 samples in the P. ponderosa species complex.• Results: The cpSSR loci contain mononucleotide and complex repeats with additional length variation in flanking regions. They are not located in hypervariable regions, and most primers are conserved across the genus. A single PCR per sample multiplexed for six loci yielded 45 alleles in 911 samples.• Discussion: The protocol allows efficient genotyping of many samples. The cpSSR loci are too variable for Pinus phylogenies but are useful for the study of genetic structure within and among populations. The multiplex method could easily be extended to other plant groups by choosing primers for cpSSR loci in a plastome alignment for the target group.
La carcéralisation de l'enfermement des mineurs en Belgique
Authors: Jaspart Alice 
Published: April 2014

L’article s’intéresse au récent modèle d’enfermement des jeunes délinquants en Belgique : les centres fédéraux fermés. Les résultats de deux recherches ethnographiques seront mobilisés pour plonger au cœur du quotidien des deux centres fédéraux qui se sont successivement implantés du côté francophone. Par l’analyse proposée, l’article tend, au final, à participer au débat relatif à la « nouveauté » de ce genre d’établissements.
Les journaux de bord en situation de stage
Authors: Chartier Alain , Clémenson Aurélie , Greiner Claire-Marie 
Published: April 2014

L’article analyse les journaux de bord (JDB) tenus par des étudiants de master 1 et 2 en didactique du français, pendant leurs différentes périodes de stage, afin de comprendre comment ce dispositif à la fois dialogique et personnel – les JDB ont été écrits sur une plateforme collaborative – peut s’intégrer dans la formation théorique et pratique des enseignants. La première partie analyse comment les étudiants gèrent la contrainte dialogique. La prise en compte du destinataire apparait comme un élément favorisant une posture distanciée. La seconde partie porte sur les aspects réflexifs. Le JDB a-t-il joué son rôle en devenant un espace de réflexion sur les périodes de stage ? L’analyse de l’alternance des passages narratifs et analytiques ainsi que la nature des commentaires aident les formateurs à comprendre la posture des étudiants-stagiaires face à la réalité scolaire qu’ils découvrent. Le JDB devient alors un outil pour réguler l’action de formation. La troisième partie constate l’absence de considérations didactiques dans les écrits des étudiants et interroge l’articulation entre la formation théorique du master et celle, pratique, des stages.
The clinical profile, management, and overall outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage at the neurosurgical unit of a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Sodhi Harsimrat Bir Singh , Savardekar Amey R. , Mohindra Sandeep , Chhabra Rajesh , Gupta Vivek , Gupta Sunil K. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Several studies report good outcomes in selected patients of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The purpose of our study is to project the clinical characteristics, management, and overall outcome of patients with aSAH presenting to a tertiary care center in India. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of 10 months and all patients presenting with aSAH were studied. Patients presenting in all grades and managed with any type of intervention or managed conservatively were included to characterize their clinical and radiological profile at admission, during management, and at discharge. Outcome was assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at 3 months follow-up. Results: Out of the 482 patients [mean age: 51.3 (±13.5); M: F = 1:1], 330 patients were fit to be taken up for intervention of the ruptured aneurysm, while 152 patients were unfit for any intervention. At 3 months follow-up, good outcome (GOS 4 and 5) was observed in 159 (33%), poor outcome (GOS 2 and 3) in 53 (11%), and death in 219 (45.4%) patients, while 51 patients (10.6%) were lost to follow-up. Most (95%) of the patients in the non-intervention group expired, and hence the high mortality rate, as we have analyzed the results of all patients of all grades, regardless of the treatment given. The predictors of poor outcome (GOS 1, 2, and 3) at 3 months follow-up, using multinomial regression model, were: World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grade IV and V (at admission and after adequate resuscitation) [odds ratio (OR): 35.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 10.8-114.7] and presence of hypertension as a co-morbid illness [OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6-5.6]. All patients showing acute infarction on computed tomography scan at presentation had a poor outcome. Conclusions: Despite recent advances in the treatment of patients with aSAH, the morbidity and mortality rates have failed to improve significantly in unselected patients and natural cohorts. This may be attributed to the natural history of aSAH, and calls for new strategies to diagnose and treat such patients before the catastrophe strikes.
Alcohol consumption and hangover patterns among migraine sufferers
Authors: Zlotnik Yair , Plakht Ygal , Aven Anna , Engel Yael , Am Neta Bar , Ifergane Gal 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Aims: Alcohol hangover is a poorly understood cluster of symptoms occurring following a heavy consumption of alcohol. The term “delayed alcohol-induced headache” is often used synonymously. Our objective was to compare alcohol hangover symptoms in migraine sufferers and nonsufferers. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, university students were asked to fill structured questionnaires assessing headache history, alcoholic consumption, and hangover symptoms (using the Hangover Symptom Scale (HSS)). Subjects were classified as suffering from migraine with or without aura and nonsufferers according the International Classification of Headache Disorders 2nd Edition (ICHD-II). The 13 hangover symptoms were divided by the researches into migraine-like and other nonmigraine-like symptoms. Results: Hangover symptoms among 95 migraine sufferers and 597 nonsufferers were compared. Migraine sufferers consumed less alcohol compared with the nonsufferers (mean drinks/week 2.34 ± 4.11 vs. 2.92 ± 3.58, P = 0.038) and suffered from higher tendency to migraine-like symptoms after drinking (mean 2.91 ± 3.43 vs. 1.85 ± 2.35, P = 0.002) but not to other hangover symptoms (mean 5.39 ± 6.31 vs. 4.34 ± 4.56, P = 0.1). Conclusions: Migraine sufferers consume less alcohol, especially beer and liquors, and are more vulnerable to migraine-like hangover symptoms than nonsufferers. The finding that the tendency to develop migraine attacks affects the hangover symptomatology may suggest a similarity in pathophysiology, and possibly in treatment options.
Prevalence of clinically important posterior fossa emissary veins on CT angiography
Authors: Pekcevik Yeliz , Sahin Hilal , Pekcevik Ridvan 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Purpose: We assessed the prevalence of the clinically important posterior fossa emissary veins detected on computed tomography (CT) angiography. Materials and Methods: A total of 182 consecutive patients who underwent 64-slice CT angiography were retrospectively reviewed to determine the clinically important posterior fossa emissary veins. Results: Of 166 patients, the mastoid emissary vein (MEV) was not identified in 37 (22.3%) patients. It was found bilaterally in 82 (49.4%) and unilaterally in 47 (28.3%) patients. Only six patients had more than one MEV that were very small (<2 mm), and only five patients had very large (>5 mm) veins. The posterior condylar vein (PCV) was not identified in 39 (23.5%) patients. It was found bilaterally in 97 (58.4%) and unilaterally in 30 (18.1%) patients. Only 15 patients had a very large (>5 mm) PCV. The petrosquamosal sinus (PSS) was identified only in one patient (0.6%) on the left side. The occipital sinus was found in two patients (1.2%). Conclusions: The presence of the clinically important posterior fossa emissary veins is not rare. Posterior fossa emissary veins should be identified and systematically reported, especially prior to surgeries involving the posterior fossa and mastoid region.
Assessment of topiramate’s efficacy and safety in epilepsy
Authors: Gupta Prem P. , Thacker Anup Kumar , Haider Jamal , Dhawan Shilpi , Pandey Neerjesh , Pandey Awanish Kumar 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the significance of topiramate (TPM) addition on seizure control in treatment of epilepsy. Design: A prospective open label add-on trial of TPM addition in patients with epilepsy was done. The events of baseline phase of 12 weeks followed by titration and maintenance phases were recorded. Assessment of the number of seizure and emergent adverse effects was done by a monthly visit for each case. Main Outcome Measures: Reduction of more than 50% mean seizure frequency or response ratio of 0.33 was taken as the criteria for responders. Statistical Analysis: Normal Z-test for significance of differences between two proportions and Chi-square test for presence of association was applied and mean age, median duration, sex ratio, percentage prevalence were depicted. Results: Significant responses to TPM in both partial as well as generalized seizures were observed (Z = 6.66, P < 0.001 and Z = 4.185, P < 0.01). The effect was more pronounced in patients with partial seizures. However, the overall response was highly significant (Z = 7.839, P < 0.001). The best response was noted at the dose of 200-300 mg/day (Z = 6.708, P < 0.001). More than 35% cases of partial and generalized seizures reported more than 75% reduction levels. The drug was well tolerated in more than 65% cases for side effects on psychosis, giddiness, and anorexia. Mild side effects were seen only in about less than 35% cases. Conclusions: TPM was found as a significantly effective add-on anticonvulsant with some limitation or mild side effects.
Endoscopic endonasal repair of spontaneous sphenoid sinus lateral wall meningocele presenting with cerebrospinal fluid leak
Authors: Yildirim Ali Erdem , Divanlioglu Denizhan , Cetinalp Nuri Eralp , Belen Ahmed Deniz 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSpontaneous sphenoid sinus lateral wall meningoceles are rare lesions with an unknown etiology. Endoscopic endonasal technique is a considerable route in the treatment of this condition. The aim of this paper is to report the etiology, surgical technique, and outcome in a patient repaired via endoscopic endonasal approach. A 51-year-old male patient applied with rhinorrhea started three months ago after an upper respiratory infection. There were no history of trauma or sinus operation. Biochemical analysis of the fluid was positive for beta-2-transferrin. This asypthomatic patient had undergone for repairment of lateral sphenoid sinus meningocele with endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach. After endoscopic endonasal meningocele closure procedure no complications occured and a quick recovery was observed. Endoscopic endonasal approach is an effective and safe treatment modality of spontaneous lateral sphenoid sinus meningoceles and efficient in anterior skull base reconstruction.
Epstein-Barr virus induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease
Authors: Sankararaman Senthilkumar , Riel-Romero Rosario Maria , Jeroudi Majed , Gonzalez-Toledo Eduardo 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTX-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is a rare, often fatal genetic disorder characterized by extreme vulnerability to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a known presentation in XLP. In EBV-induced HLH in XLP, the brain imaging findings in the acute phase include a non specific pattern. In this report, we highlight the magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in a child with EBV induced HLH in XLP.