bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation development, stability and anticancer efficacy of core-shell cyclodextrin nanocapsules for oral chemotherapy with camptothecin
Authors: Ünal Hale , Öztürk Naile , Bilensoy Erem 
Published: February 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to design and evaluate hybrid cyclodextrin (CD) nanocapsules intended for the oral delivery of the anticancer agent camptothecin (CPT) in order to maintain drug stability in the body and to improve its eventual bioavailability. For this reason, an amphiphilic cyclodextrin (CD) derivative per-modified on the primary face 6OCAPRO was used as core molecule to form nanocapsules with the nanoprecipitation technique. Nanocapsules were further coated with the cationic polymer chitosan to improve the cellular uptake and interaction with biological membranes through positive surface charge. Nanocapsules were evaluated for their in vitro characteristics such as particle size, zeta potential, drug loading and release profiles followed by cell culture studies with the MCF-7 and Caco-2 cell line evaluating their anticancer efficacy and permeability. The CD nanocapsules were imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The concentration of CPT entrapped in nanocapsules was determined by reversed phase HPLC. The in vitro release study of CPT was performed with a dialysis bag method under sink conditions mimicking the gastric and intestinal pH. The hydrolytic stability of CPT in nanocapsules was investigated in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids (SGF, SIF).Results: The mean particle sizes of both anionic and cationic CPT-loaded nanocapsules were in the range of 180–200 nm with polydispersity indices lower than 0.400 indicating monodisperse size distribution of nanocapsules with favourable potential for intracellular drug delivery to tumour cells. Surface charges of anionic and cationic nanocapsules were demonstrated as −21 mV and +18 mV, respectively. The stability of CPT in simulated release media, SGF and SIF were maintained suggesting the improved protection of the drug molecule from rapid hydrolysis degradation or gastrointestinal pH in nanocapsule oily core. Furthermore CD nanocapsules showed higher anticancer efficacy than CPT solution against the MCF-7 cell line. Permeation of CPT across Caco-2 cells was found to be 3 fold higher when incorporated in hybrid CD nanocapsules compared with a DMSO solution.Conclusion: Oral CD nanocapsules indicating increased oral bioavailability might be a promising strategy to maintain the physiological stability and to improve the oral bioavailability of problematic anticancer drugs such as CPT which may contribute to patient quality of life and drug efficacy in cancer therapy.
L'avenir du papier
Authors: Sicard Michel 
Published: February 2015

Repenser signifie aussi réfléchir, à la fois articuler par des termes, concepts, notions, puis renvoyer à un miroir, informant ou déformant, mais encore relier, relire, soigner... Et qu’avons-nous besoin de penser ? Dans repenser , il semble que cela ait déjà été pensé une fois, comme un prescriptif (tu dois faire, ou être attentif à), au moins une fois, mais qu’il faille refondre cette pensée, non pas dans une « endurance », mais un virage, une révolution, ou peut-être même un retour. En ce sens, repenser n’est jamais un mouvement ordinaire, mais un acte de reparcours et de remémoration. Qu’est-ce qui peut faire mémoire au sein du quotidien, qui ne serait pas de l’ordre de l’image mémorielle et mentale ? Il y a bien sûr le paysage, les monuments, la culture, les limites des territoires... Or ces domaines sont macroscopiques. Je voulais vous parler d’un sujet infime, infiniment petit et presque dérisoire, en tout cas très modeste : le papier.
« Post catastropham omne animal triste est ». Pop-cultures du désastre et consommation ordinaire de l'extraordinaire événementiel
Authors: Vidal Bertrand 
Published: February 2015

Cet article propose d’explorer la tectonique des images du désastre et l’imaginaire social des catastrophes, plus particulièrement notre relation médiologique à l’événement-catastrophe. Aujourd’hui, dans une société où la présence actuelle et la prolifération des images dans le monde de la vie quotidienne sont des aspects caractéristiques de l’ambiance sociale contemporaine, notre relation à l’événement-catastrophe semble se cristalliser autour d’une contradiction : attraction/répulsion pour les images du désastre.
Hyper-lectures quotidiennes sur Internet
Authors: Xiberras Martine 
Published: February 2015

Comment Internet a-t-il transformé certaines de nos pratiques au quotidien, au point parfois de les réenchanter ? En explorant plus particulièrement la modification des pratiques de lecture, la réflexion nous entraîne à envisager les points communs et différences ou même les fractures entre la culture lettrée et la cyberculture. L’hypothèse d’une résurgence ou d’une perdurance des anciennes formes du savoir, voire même de l’expression symbolique, au cœur de l’environnement numérique, sont explorées, à travers notre nouveau rapport aux « I-cons », ou à l’existence de l’encyclopédie en ligne, ou la « nétiquette », la politesse en ligne. De nouvelles compétences cognitives apparaissent comme nécessaires pour développer une « hyper-lecture » propre à naviguer dans les pages d’un hypertexte. Les valeurs propres à la cyberculture et ses règles instituantes et instituées peuvent ainsi être esquissées.
La mode, cette religion
Authors: Piot-Tricoire Françoise 
Published: February 2015

Alors que les imaginaires religieux et politique sont parmi les imaginaires sociétaux les plus puissants, les institutions religieuse et politique ont perdu leur force de conviction, leur capacité à proposer aux individus un horizon idéal, un projet commun fédérateur et mobilisateur. La question se pose du réinvestissement du mûthos , dont les fonctions sont essentielles dans le fonctionnement d’une société. La désintégration institutionnelle met à mal les institutions sociales dans leur ensemble, qui ne présentent plus de caractère sacré. L’ homo religiosus est alors amené à réinvestir le religare dans d’autres sphères de la vie sociale et économique. La mode se présente comme une religion séculière : de l’expérience du sacré par les fidèles, à son administration par le clergé, liturgie, lieux et personnages sacrés, présence de récits mythologiques, mythe rationalisé en doctrine consumériste. La société postmoderne vit une sorte de sublimation économique en déplaçant le sacré dans le secteur de la consommation de biens et tente ainsi de réenchanter le monde.
Evaluation of Smile Line in Relation to Age among Saudi Population in Asser Region
Authors: AlQarni Mohammed Ali , Almnea Raid A , Asiri Waleed S , Alhendi Khalid D , AlQahtani Nabeeh A 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Dentofacial appeal and smile are vital to a person's psychosocial well-being. The 'smile line’ is commonly used as a parameter to evaluate and categorize a person's smile. This study was undertaken to determine the parameters for an objective evaluation of smiles and to assess the prevalence of various smile determining parameters in relation to age among Saudi population in Asser region.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional survey was designed. A total of 162 study samples participated in the study. A pre-designed proforma was used to evaluate malocclusion which consisted—demographic details, smile line, gingival line, incisal line, lower lip to incisal line, buccal corridor, facial midline and dental midline, shade for upper central incisors and shade for upper lateral incisors.

Results
The mean age of study participants were 27.07 ± 9.76 years. Majority of the participant, i.e. 52%, had average smile line and 9.3% had very high smile line. 64.8% of the study participants had normal gingival line. Only 2.5% had over, incisal line whereas 77.2 had normal incisal line. Majority (88.3%) of the participants had normal lower lip to incisal line. 44.4% had small buccal corridor.

Conclusion
There is scientific evidence that a certain smile line/tooth arrangement is the most common parameter which can be applied for treatment planning purposes. These results underline the importance of the smile line when restoring a patient's intraoral harmony. The clinician should aim for these parameters for an esthetic and functional balance.

How to cite this article
AlQarni MA, Almnea RA, Asiri WS, Alhendi KD, AlQahtani NA. Evaluation of Smile Line in Relation to Age among Saudi Population in Asser Region. World J Dent 2014;5(3):157-161.
Wind Instruments and their Influence on Oral Cavity: Systematic Review
Authors: Bluj-Komarnitka Katarzyna , Komarnitki Iulian , Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Playing wind instruments is causing additional forces that influence dentition and may create malocclusions or escalate existing anomalies in the oral cavity. There are four types of wind instruments grouped according to the structure of the mouthpiece/ reed. Each group of wind instruments may influence the health of oral cavity, i.e. change occlusal conditions, irritate oral mucosa and cause temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Under certain conditions a correctly chosen instrusment may support orthodontic treatment, causing a faster correction of the existing disorder.

Aim
The aim of this paper was to assess the influence of playing wind instruments on the oral cavity including the positive effect on the reduction of existing dental disorders. Special attention was paid to changes in teeth alignment measured by overbite and overjet.

Materials and methods
A systematic review was conducted after browsing Medline and Embase data bases.

Results
Seventeen studies proved eligible under the selection criteria. Selected papers included two randomized trials: review articles and case reports.

Summary
Wind instruments may favor the development of malocclusions, changes on oral mucosa and hamper the usage of prostheses. Playing wind instruments may help during orthodontic treatment but there are still no scientific evidence supporting their possible positive effects.

How to cite this article
Bluj-Komarnitka K, Komarnitki I, Olczak-Kowalczyk D. Wind Instruments and their Influence on Oral Cavity: Systematic Review. World J Dent 2014;5(3):180-183.
Income Inequality and Health: Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Herzer Dierk , Nunnenkamp Peter 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe assess the effect of income inequality on life expectancy by performing separate estimations for developed and developing countries. Our empirical analysis challenges the widely held view that inequality matters more for health in richer countries than for health in poorer countries. Employing panel cointegration and conventional panel regressions, we find that income inequality slightly increases life expectancy in developed countries. By contrast, the effect on life expectancy is significantly negative in developing countries. Even though the quantitative effects are small, the contrast between the two country groups proves to be robust to modifications in measurement, specification and methodological choices.
Reimagining the 10 Megatrends That Will Revolutionize Supply Chain Logistics
Authors: Stank Theodore , Autry Chad , Daugherty Patricia , Closs David 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Many predictions were made in the growing field of supply chain management at the turn of the twenty-first century to establish the state of key concepts in the field as well as to motivate discussion, help guide resource allocation and implementation initiatives, and spark research to enhance understanding of many revolutionary supply chain management topics. The environment for supply chain activities has changed considerably since 2000, and many experts predict that even more significant change will occur over the next decade. This article will review industry progress on a set of 10 megatrends originally proposed in 2000, as well as extrapolate what the state of these trends may be over the next decade. In addition, new trends are identified that were not yet on the horizon in 2000, but will likely be influential in driving the changing supply chain over the next 10 years.
Oxidative stress, NADPH oxidases, and arteries
Authors: Sun Qi-An , Madamanchi Nageswara , Runge Marschall 
Published: February 2015

ZusammenfassungDie Atherosklerose und ihre wichtigsten Komplikationen – Myokardinfarkt und Schlaganfall – sind die Hauptursachen für Tod und Behinderung in den USA und weltweit. Eine dramatische Zunahme bei Adipositas und Diabetes mellitus wird wahrscheinlich auch in Zukunft zu einer hohen Prävalenz kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen (CVD) und deren Auswirkungen auf das Gesundheitswesen führen. Große Fortschritte gibt es bei der Entwicklung neuer Therapien zur Senkung der Inzidenz von Atherosklerose und CVD, besonders bei der Behandlung der Hypercholesterinämie und Hypertonie. Der gemeinsame mechanistische Nenner bei vielen Risikofaktoren für CVD ist oxidativer Stress. Erst seit kurzem verfügen wir über Methoden, um die Schnittstelle zwischen oxidativem Stress und CVD im Tiermodell zu untersuchen. Die wichtigste Quelle für reaktive Sauerstoffspezies (und damit für oxidativen Stress) in vaskulären Zellen sind die Formen der Nicotin - amidadenindinukleotidphosphat-Oxidase (NADPH-Oxidase). Die jüngsten Studien belegen eindeutig, dass 1. NADPH-Oxidasen im Tiermodell von grundlegender Bedeutung für Atherosklerose und Hypertonie sind und 2. der vaskuläre oxidative Stress, angesichts der gewebespezifischen Expression wichtiger Bestandteile der NADPH-Oxidase, ein Ziel bei der Prävention der CVD sein könnte.
Electrodynamics of the equatorial evening ionosphere: 1. Importance of winds in different regions
Authors: Richmond A. D. , Fang T.‐W. , Maute A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe importance of winds at different altitudes and latitudes for the electrodynamics of the low‐latitude evening ionosphere is examined with a model of the global coupled ionosphere‐thermosphere system. The model reproduces the main observed features of the evening equatorial plasma vortex and the prereversal enhancement (PRE) of the vertical drift. The electrodynamics is driven primarily by the zonal wind forced by the diurnally varying zonal pressure‐gradient force. The zonal wind lags the zonal pressure‐gradient force owing to inertia. When ion drag is important, the time lag of the wind behind the pressure gradient force is shortened, and the high‐altitude evening wind turns eastward earlier than the wind at lower altitudes, where ion drag is less important. Therefore, a vertical shear of the zonal wind tends to develop at altitudes around the transition between small and large ion drag at the bottom of the F region. This wind shear is closely associated with the vertical shear in the zonal convection velocity that is part of the evening plasma vortex. Unlike previous studies, we find that the winds driving the PRE lie mainly on field lines with apexes above the peak of the equatorial F layer, field lines that extend in magnetic latitude out to nearly 30° and encompass the entire evening equatorial ionization anomaly region. Contrary to previous suggestions, the westward convection in the bottomside of the evening plasma vortex is found to weaken, rather than strengthen, the PRE. Daytime winds have relatively little influence on the low‐latitude evening electrodynamics.
Geodetic imaging of potential seismogenic asperities on the Xianshuihe‐Anninghe‐Zemuhe fault system, southwest China, with a new 3‐D viscoelastic interseismic coupling model
Authors: Jiang Guoyan , Xu Xiwei , Chen Guihua , Liu Yajing , Fukahata Yukitoshi , Wang Hua , Yu Guihua , Tan Xibin , Xu Caijun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe use GPS and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements to image the spatial variation of interseismic coupling on the Xianshuihe‐Anninghe‐Zemuhe (XAZ) fault system. A new 3‐D viscoelastic interseismic deformation model is developed to infer the rotation and strain rates of blocks, postseismic viscoelastic relaxation, and interseismic slip deficit on the fault surface discretized with triangular dislocation patches. The inversions of synthetic data show that the optimal weight ratio and smoothing factor are both 1. The successive joint inversions of geodetic data with different viscosities reveal six potential fully coupled asperities on the XAZ fault system. Among them, the potential asperity between Shimian and Mianning, which does not exist in the case of 1019 Pa s, is confirmed by the published microearthquake depth profile. Besides, there is another potential partially coupled asperity between Daofu and Kangding with a length scale up to 140 km. All these asperity sizes are larger than the minimum resolvable wavelength. The minimum and maximum slip deficit rates near the Moxi town are 7.0 and 12.7 mm/yr, respectively. Different viscosities have little influence on the roughness of the slip deficit rate distribution and the fitting residuals, which probably suggests that our observations cannot provide a good constraint on the viscosity of the middle lower crust. The calculation of seismic moment accumulation on each segment indicates that the Songlinkou‐Selaha (S4), Shimian‐Mianning (S7), and Mianning‐Xichang (S8) segments are very close to the rupture of characteristic earthquakes. However, the confidence level is confined by sparse near‐fault observations.
Evidence for multidecadal variability in US extreme sea level records
Authors: Wahl Thomas , Chambers Don P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe analyze a set of 20 tide gauge records covering the contiguous United States (US) coastline and the period from 1929 to 2013 to identify long‐term trends and multidecadal variations in extreme sea levels (ESLs) relative to changes in mean sea level (MSL). Different data sampling and analysis techniques are applied to test the robustness of the results against the selected methodology. Significant but small long‐term trends in ESLs above/below MSL are found at individual sites along most coastline stretches, but are mostly confined to the southeast coast and the winter season when storm surges are primarily driven by extratropical cyclones. We identify six regions with broadly coherent and considerable multidecadal ESL variations unrelated to MSL changes. Using a quasi‐nonstationary extreme value analysis, we show that the latter would have caused variations in design relevant return water levels (50–200 year return periods) ranging from ∼10 cm to as much as 110 cm across the six regions. The results raise questions as to the applicability of the “MSL offset method,” assuming that ESL changes are primarily driven by changes in MSL without allowing for distinct long‐term trends or low‐frequency variations. Identifying the coherent multidecadal ESL variability is crucial in order to understand the physical driving factors. Ultimately, this information must be included into coastal design and adaptation processes.
Relating reactive solute transport to hierarchical and multiscale sedimentary architecture in a Lagrangian‐based transport model: 2. Particle displacement variance
Authors: Soltanian Mohamad Reza , Ritzi Robert W. , Huang Chao Cheng , Dai Zhenxue 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis series of papers addresses the transport of sorbing solutes in groundwater. In part 2, plume dispersion, as quantified by the particle displacement variance,
, is linked to hierarchical sedimentary architecture using a Lagrangian‐based transport model. This allows for a fundamental understanding of how dispersion arises from the hierarchical architecture of sedimentary facies, and allows for a quantitative decomposition of dispersion into facies‐related contributions at different scales within the hierarchy. As in part 1, the plume behavior is assumed to be controlled by linear‐equilibrium sorption and the heterogeneity in both the log permeability,
, and the log distribution coefficient,
. Heterogeneity in
and
arises from sedimentary processes and is structured by the consequent sedimentary architecture. Our goal is to understand the basic science of the dispersion process at this very fundamental level. The spatial auto and cross covariances for the relevant attributes are linear sums of terms corresponding to the probability of transitioning across stratal facies types defined at different scales. Unlike previous studies that used empirical relationships for the spatial covariances, here the model parameters are developed from independent measurements of physically quantifiable attributes of the stratal architecture (i.e., proportions and lengths of facies types, and univariate statistics for
and
). Nothing is assumed about Y‐
point correlation; it is allowed to differ by facies type. However, it is assumed that Y and
variance is small but meaningful, and that pore‐scale dispersion is negligible. The time‐dependent spreading rate is a function of the effective ranges of the cross‐transition probability structures (i.e., the ranges of indicator correlation structures) for each relevant scale of stratal hierarchy. As in part 1, the well‐documented perchloroethene (PCE) tracer test at the Borden research site is used to illustrate the model. The model was parameterized with univariate statistics for
,
of (PCE), and proportions and lengths of lithologic facies types defined at two scales within a two‐level hierarchical classification, as given by Ritzi et al. (). The model gives a viable explanation for the observed PCE plume dispersion, and thus
can be explained by the process of linear equilibrium sorption and the heterogeneity in k and
. The results quantitatively show that the
‐
cross correlation, though small, and varied by facies type, can significantly impact the particle displacement variance. Furthermore, by quantitatively decomposing the dispersion into facies‐related contributions, we gain the fundamental insight that that the time‐dependent rate of spreading is mostly defined by the cross‐transition probability correlation structure imparted by the proportions and sizes of the larger‐scale facies types.
Room‐Temperature Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Dimethylamine and Methylamine in Neat Water
Authors: Wang Deping , Kuang Daizhi , Zhang Fuxing , Yang Chunlin , Zhu Xiaoming 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe first room‐temperature copper‐catalyzed arylations of dimethylamine and methylamine in neat water have been developed. Using a combination of CuI and 6,7‐dihydroquinolin‐8(5 H)‐one oxime as catalyst, dimethylamine is arylated with various aryl halides to give the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. Further, this catalysis enables the selective arylation of methylamine to afford the high yields of monoarylated methylamines as the sole products.magnified image
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed in situ Oxidizing Directing Group‐ Assisted CH Bond Activation and Olefination: A Route to 2‐Vinylanilines
Authors: Muralirajan Krishnamoorthy , Haridharan Radhakrishnan , Prakash Sekar , Cheng Chien‐Hong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new and efficient method for the synthesis of 2‐vinylanilines from the reaction of arylhydrazine hydrochlorides with alkenes and diethyl ketone via a rhodium‐catalyzed CH activation is described. The oxidant‐free olefination reaction involves the in situ generation of an NNCR1R2 moiety as the oxidizing directing group thus providing an easy access to 2‐vinylanilines.magnified image