bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship skills in university students to improve local economic development
Authors: Bardales-Cárdenas Miguel , Cervantes-Ramón Edgard Francisco , Gonzales-Figueroa Iris Katherine , Farro-Ruiz Lizet Malena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLocal economic development is becoming an increasingly important activity as it addresses the economic and employment challenges faced by all developing countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the entrepreneurial skills of university students for the promotion of local economic development. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and interpretative causal approach was adopted for the research. The sample consisted of 240 students chosen through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Questionnaires were used as a tool for data collection, validated by expert judgment in the field, with a reliability of 98.2% determined by the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and the survey was employed as a technique. Inference results provided by ordinal logistic regression, using the model goodness-of-fit test, χ2 = 203.902, allowed demonstrating the explanatory variable. The goodness of fit for deviation was p = 0.099, determining the presence of an effect corresponding to the Nagelkerke predictor = 64.4% of the explained variability in the dependent variable. It was concluded that improving the entrepreneurial skills of university students has a significant positive effect on enhancing local economic development. Therefore, harnessing the entrepreneurial skills of university students requires a combination of educational approaches, financial support, networks, and specific policies. Collaboration among different stakeholders, including government, the private sector, and academic institutions, is essential to achieve a significant impact on local economic development.
Investigation of Conditions for Using Mass-Produced Waste Glass as Sustainable Fine Aggregate for Mortar
Authors: Son Minjae , Kim Gyuyong , Lee Sangkyu , Kim Hongseop , Eu Hamin , Lee Yaechan , Sasui Sasui , Nam Jeongsoo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo address the environmental issues arising from the growing scarcity of natural fine aggregates (NFA) and landfilling of waste glass, research is being conducted globally to utilize waste glass as a sustainable fine aggregate. However, contradictory results have been obtained regarding the effect of the type of waste glass and the physical properties of waste glass fine aggregate (GFA) on concrete, making it challenging to promote the use of GFA in concrete. Therefore, to promote the use of GFA in concrete, it is necessary to examine it under field conditions, such as mass-production processes or real-scale concrete applications. This study introduced a mass-production process for GFA, and the effect of mass-produced GFA on mortar was evaluated. The fine aggregate properties (particle aspect ratio, crushing rate, and solubility) of the GFA and the effects of color, content, and particle size on the mortar properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, and ASR expansion behavior) were analyzed, along with the results reported in previous studies. Consequently, the high aspect ratio and microcracks in the particles of mass-produced GFA led to an increase in the strength reduction and ASR expansion of the mortar. These effects appear to be particularly severe for transparent GFA. Overall, this study proposed the content of GFA within 20% or the replacement of fine particles (< 500 μm) in NFA as a condition for sustainable fine aggregate.
Current and future therapies for follicular lymphoma
Authors: Zinzani Pier Luigi , Muñoz Javier , Trotman Judith 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFollicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, germinal center B cell–derived lymphoid neoplasm, for which recent advances in treatment have substantially improved patient survival. However, FL remains an incurable and heterogeneous disease, with groups of patients experiencing early disease progression, histologic transformation, or a high risk of treatment-related toxicity. Additionally, FL is a continually relapsing disease, and response rates and disease-control intervals decrease with each subsequent line of therapy. In this review, we explore the current treatment landscape for relapsed or refractory FL and promising therapies in development, highlighting the efficacy and potential risks of each treatment. We provide a real-world perspective on the unmet needs of patients with FL. Novel therapeutic approaches in development offer a wide array of options for clinicians when treating relapsed or refractory FL. A nuanced approach is required to address the needs of individual patients, taking into consideration both the risks and benefits of each treatment option, as well as patient preferences.
Targeted viromes and total metagenomes capture distinct components of bee gut phage communities
Authors: Sbardellati Dino Lorenzo , Vannette Rachel Lee 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite being among the most abundant biological entities on earth, bacteriophage (phage) remain an understudied component of host-associated systems. One limitation to studying host-associated phage is the lack of consensus on methods for sampling phage communities. Here, we compare paired total metagenomes and viral size fraction metagenomes (viromes) as methods for investigating the dsDNA viral communities associated with the GI tract of two bee species: the European honey bee Apis mellifera and the eastern bumble bee Bombus impatiens.

Results
We find that viromes successfully enriched for phage, thereby increasing phage recovery, but only in honey bees. In contrast, for bumble bees, total metagenomes recovered greater phage diversity. Across both bee species, viromes better sampled low occupancy phage, while total metagenomes were biased towards sampling temperate phage. Additionally, many of the phage captured by total metagenomes were absent altogether from viromes. Comparing between bees, we show that phage communities in commercially reared bumble bees are significantly reduced in diversity compared to honey bees, likely reflecting differences in bacterial titer and diversity. In a broader context, these results highlight the complementary nature of total metagenomes and targeted viromes, especially when applied to host-associated environments.

Conclusions
Overall, we suggest that studies interested in assessing total communities of host-associated phage should consider using both approaches. However, given the constraints of virome sampling, total metagenomes may serve to sample phage communities with the understanding that they will preferentially sample dominant and temperate phage.
Research on the yingzao chi restoration of palace buildings sans dougong in Ming and Qing Dynasties: a case study of Chongqing
Authors: Bao Yihe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As a unit of measurement for Chinese ancient construction, the yingzao chi (yingzaochi 营造尺) is of great significance to study long-term transformation of culture, construction skills, and the scale design rule of Chinese regional architectural heritage. But few scholars study the restoration method of the yingzao chi of palace buildings sans dougong (斗拱) in Chinese Ming and Qing Dynasties. Based on the yingzao chi theory, this paper studies and improves a theoretical method to help restore the yingzao chi of palace buildings sans dougong in Ming and Qing Dynasties. This method is not limited by the lack of reference of vernacular chi (xiangchi 乡尺) and can restore the yingzao chi of a single building through surveying data, and there is a smaller error in the calculation process. Three typical palace buildings without dougong in Ming and Qing Dynasties in Chongqing are selected as examples. The results show that the restored yingzao chi of these three buildings is highly similar, most likely 320.7–323.6 mm, which can verify the reliability of this method. This study can help to improve the research of yingzao chi and provide theoretical support for the protection of this kind of architectural heritage. Besides, the restoration of the yingzao chi provides a potential opportunity to explore how the technological and cultural of palace architecture spread, develop and blend.
Excimer-ultraviolet-lamp-assisted selective etching of single-layer graphene and its application in edge-contact devices
Authors: Shin Minjeong , Kim Jin Hong , Ko Jin-Yong , Haidari Mohd Musaib , Jang Dong Jin , Lee Kihyun , Kim Kwanpyo , Kim Hakseong , Park Bae Ho , Choi Jin Sik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince the discovery of graphene and its remarkable properties, researchers have actively explored advanced graphene-patterning technologies. While the etching process is pivotal in shaping graphene channels, existing etching techniques have limitations such as low speed, high cost, residue contamination, and rough edges. Therefore, the development of facile and efficient etching methods is necessary. This study entailed the development of a novel technique for patterning graphene through dry etching, utilizing selective photochemical reactions precisely targeted at single-layer graphene (SLG) surfaces. This process is facilitated by an excimer ultraviolet lamp emitting light at a wavelength of 172 nm. The effectiveness of this technique in selectively removing SLG over large areas, leaving the few-layer graphene intact and clean, was confirmed by various spectroscopic analyses. Furthermore, we explored the application of this technique to device fabrication, revealing its potential to enhance the electrical properties of SLG-based devices. One-dimensional (1D) edge contacts fabricated using this method not only exhibited enhanced electrical transport characteristics compared to two-dimensional contact devices but also demonstrated enhanced efficiency in fabricating conventional 1D-contacted devices. This study addresses the demand for advanced technologies suitable for next-generation graphene devices, providing a promising and versatile graphene-patterning approach with broad applicability and high efficiency.
The physiological basis for individualized oxygenation targets in critically ill patients with circulatory shock
Authors: Sigg Anne-Aylin , Zivkovic Vanja , Bartussek Jan , Schuepbach Reto A. , Ince Can , Hilty Matthias P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Circulatory shock, defined as decreased tissue perfusion, leading to inadequate oxygen delivery to meet cellular metabolic demands, remains a common condition with high morbidity and mortality. Rapid restitution and restoration of adequate tissue perfusion are the main treatment goals. To achieve this, current hemodynamic strategies focus on adjusting global physiological variables such as cardiac output (CO), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2). However, it remains a challenge to identify optimal targets for these global variables that best support microcirculatory function. Weighting up the risks and benefits is especially difficult for choosing the amount of oxygen supplementation in critically ill patients. This review assesses the physiological basis for oxygen delivery to the tissue and provides an overview of the relevant literature to emphasize the importance of considering risks and benefits and support decision making at the bedside.

Physiological premises
Oxygen must reach the tissue to enable oxidative phosphorylation. The human body timely detects hypoxia via different mechanisms aiming to maintain adequate tissue oxygenation. In contrast to the pulmonary circulation, where the main response to hypoxia is arteriolar vasoconstriction, the regulatory mechanisms of the systemic circulation aim to optimize oxygen availability in the tissues. This is achieved by increasing the capillary density in the microcirculation and the capillary hematocrit thereby increasing the capacity of oxygen diffusion from the red blood cells to the tissue. Hyperoxia, on the other hand, is associated with oxygen radical production, promoting cell death.

Current state of research
Clinical trials in critically ill patients have primarily focused on comparing macrocirculatory endpoints and outcomes based on stroke volume and oxygenation targets. Some earlier studies have indicated potential benefits of conservative oxygenation. Recent trials show contradictory results regarding mortality, organ dysfunction, and ventilatory-free days. Empirical studies comparing various targets for SaO2, or partial pressure of oxygen indicate a U-shaped curve balancing positive and negative effects of oxygen supplementation.

Conclusion and future directions
To optimize risk–benefit ratio of resuscitation measures in critically ill patients with circulatory shock in addition to individual targets for CO and Hb concentration, a primary aim should be to restore tissue perfusion and avoid hyperoxia. In the future, an individualized approach with microcirculatory targets will become increasingly relevant. Further studies are needed to define optimal targets.
Regulation of nitrogen isotopic ratios of cellular components
Authors: Ohkouchi Naohiko , Isaji Yuta , Ogawa Nanako O. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper is an attempt to generalize the nitrogen isotope information of the molecules that make up the cell from our point of view. Nitrogen in the cell exists as 20 proteinaceous amino acids, nucleobases, hemes, chlorophylls, and others, and their composition is similar among organisms. Based on a physiologically simple autonomous system that maintains a balance between inputs and outputs, it is theoretically predicted that 15N is distributed to each cellular compound with a certain regularity, and thus a specific relationship in nitrogen isotopic ratios among compounds. Previous studies essentially confirm this. The nitrogen isotopic ratio of compound i constituting the cell can be generalized as δ15Ni = δ15Nplant + Δi (TP − 1) + γi, where TP represents the trophic position, and Δi and γi are the trophic discrimination factor and the intracellular 15N distribution of compound i, respectively. Knowing reliable values of Δi and γi will help us to better understand nitrogen dynamics in the biosphere and advance our understanding of the picture of the Earth’s environment through biogeochemistry.
Inhibition of forward and reverse transport of Ca2+ via Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX) prevents sperm capacitation
Authors: Yeste Marc , Ahmad Adeel , Viñolas Estel , Recuero Sandra , Bonet Sergi , Pinart Elisabeth 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
While calcium is known to play a crucial role in mammalian sperm physiology, how it flows in and out of the male gamete is not completely understood. Herein, we investigated the involvement of Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX) in mammalian sperm capacitation. Using the pig as an animal model, we first confirmed the presence of NCX1 and NCX2 isoforms in the sperm midpiece. Next, we partially or totally blocked Ca2+ outflux (forward transport) via NCX1/NCX2 with different concentrations of SEA0400 (2-[4-[(2,5-difluorophenyl)methoxy]phenoxy]-5-ethoxyaniline; 0, 0.5, 5 and 50 µM) and Ca2+ influx (reverse transport) with SN6 (ethyl 2-[[4-[(4-nitrophenyl)methoxy]phenyl]methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate; 0, 0.3, 3 or 30 µM). Sperm were incubated under capacitating conditions for 180 min; after 120 min, progesterone was added to induce the acrosome reaction. At 0, 60, 120, 130, and 180 min, sperm motility, membrane lipid disorder, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm proteins, and intracellular levels of Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxides were evaluated.

Results
Partial and complete blockage of Ca2+ outflux and influx via NCX induced a significant reduction of sperm motility after progesterone addition. Early alterations on sperm kinematics were also observed, the effects being more obvious in totally blocked than in partially blocked samples. Decreased sperm motility and kinematics were related to both defective tyrosine phosphorylation and mitochondrial activity, the latter being associated to diminished MMP and ROS levels. As NCX blockage did not affect the lipid disorder of plasma membrane, the impaired acrosome integrity could result from reduced tyrosine phosphorylation.

Conclusions
Inhibition of outflux and influx of Ca2+ triggered similar effects, thus indicating that both forward and reverse Ca2+ transport through NCX exchangers are essential for sperm capacitation.
Accuracy of cell-free Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA testing in pleural effusion for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Du Wei-Li , Liang Jian-Qin , Yang Xin-Ting , Li Cheng-Jun , Wang Qing-Feng , Han Wen-Ge , Li Ye , Li Zhi-Hui , Zhao Dong-Mei , Xu Fu-Dong , Rong Yan-Xiao , Cui Xiao-Jing , Li Hui-Min , Wang Feng , Liu Peng-Chong , Guo Dong-Lin , Wang Hai-Bin , Xing Xu-Ya , Che Jia-Lu , Liu Zi-Chen , Zhang Na-Na , Li Kun , Liu Yi , Wang Li , Wang Hai-Bo , Che Nan-Ying 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (TP) presents a significant challenge due to the low bacterial load in pleural effusion (PE) samples. Cell-free Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA (cf-TB) in PE samples is considered an optimal biomarker for diagnosing TP. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of cf-TB testing across diverse research sites with a relatively large sample size.

Methods
Patients suspected of TP and presenting with clinical symptoms and radiological evidence of PE were consecutively enrolled by treating physicians from 11 research sites across 6 provinces in China between April 2020 and August 2022. Following centrifugation, sediments obtained from PE were used for Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) and mycobacterial culture, while the supernatants were subjected to cf-TB testing. This study employed a composite reference standard to definite TP, which was characterized by any positive result for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) through either PE culture, PE Xpert, or pleural biopsy.

Results
A total of 1412 participants underwent screening, and 1344 (95.2%) were subsequently enrolled in this study. Data from 1241 (92.3%) participants were included, comprising 284 with definite TP, 677 with clinically diagnosed TP, and 280 without TP. The sensitivity of cf-TB testing in definite TP was 73.6% (95% CI 68.2–78.4), significantly higher than both Xpert (40.8%, 95% CI 35.3–46.7, P < 0.001) and mycobacterial culture (54.2%, 95% CI 48.4–59.9, P < 0.001). When clinically diagnosed TP was incorporated into the composite reference standard for sensitivity analysis, cf-TB testing showed a sensitivity of 46.8% (450/961, 95% CI 43.7–50.0), significantly higher than both Xpert (116/961, 12.1%, 95% CI 10.2–14.3, P < 0.001) and mycobacterial culture (154/961, 16.0%, 95% CI 13.8–18.5, P < 0.001). The specificities of cf-TB testing, Xpert, and mycobacterial culture were all 100.0%.

Conclusions
The performance of cf-TB testing is significantly superior to that of Xpert and mycobacterial culture methods, indicating that it can be considered as the primary diagnostic approach for improving TP detection.
Trial registration The trial was registered on Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2000031680, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=49316).
Rationalizing the use of common parameters and technological tools to follow up Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs
Authors: Sonalio Karina , Boyen Filip , Devriendt Bert , Chantziaras Ilias , Beuckelaere Lisa , Biebaut Evelien , Haesebrouck Freddy , Santamarta Irene , de Oliveira Luís Guilherme , Maes Dominiek 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae is associated with respiratory disease in pigs and is the primary agent of enzootic pneumonia. Quantification of M. hyopneumoniae-related outcome parameters can be difficult, expensive, and time-consuming, in both research and field settings. In addition to well-established methods, technological tools are becoming available to monitor various aspects of relevant animal- and environment-related features, often in real-time. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether certain parameters, such as animal movement and body temperature using microchips (IMT), correlate with established parameters and whether the currently used parameters can be rationalized.

Results
The percentage of movement was significantly reduced by M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs (p < 0.05), where the M. hyopneumoniae-infected group showed a lower percentage of movement (1.9%) when compared to the negative control group (6.9%). On the other hand, macroscopic (MLCL) and microscopic (MLL) lung lesions, respiratory disease score (RDS), M. hyopneumoniae-DNA load, and anti-M. hyopneumoniae antibody levels increased significantly in the M. hyopneumoniae-infected group 28 days post-inoculation (p < 0.05). Moderate (r > 0.30) to very strong correlations (> 0.80) were observed between the abovementioned parameters (p < 0.05), except for IMT. A significant and moderate correlation was reported between IMT and rectal temperature (r = 0.49; p < 0.05). Last, the average daily weight gain and the percentage of air in the lung were not affected by M. hyopneumoniae infection (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
M. hyopneumoniae infection significantly reduced the movement of piglets and increased lung lesions, M. hyopneumoniae-DNA load, and anti-M. hyopneumoniae antibody levels; and, good correlations were observed between most parameters, indicating a direct relationship between them. Thus, we suggest that changes in movement might be a reliable indicator of M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs, and that a selected group of parameters—specifically RDS, MLCL, MLL, M. hyopneumoniae-DNA load, anti-M. hyopneumoniae antibody levels, and movement—are optimal to assess M. hyopneumoniae infection under experimental conditions.