bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles using Brassica juncea (L.) Czern Seed Extract: Characterization and Biological Applications
Authors: Jeyaraj S. , Mary Saral A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe green production of nanoparticles utilizing plants has emerged as a viable alternative to traditional chemical synthesis methods. This work sought to synthesize tin oxide nanoparticles (BJ‐SnO2 NPs) using Brassica juncea (L.) Czern seed extract. The structure of BJ‐SnO2 NPs was confirmed by X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was conducted to identify the functional groups. The size and morphology of the synthesized BJ‐SnO2 NPs were confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM revealed the formation of spherical morphology with a mean diameter of 6.67 ± 1.72 nm. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) studies supported the average particle size as 8.9 nm and zeta potential showed a single peak at −40.1 mV. Free radical scavenging activity was determined using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydazyl‐hydrate (DPPH) and showed IC50 value as 82.25 µg/mL. The cytotoxic efficacy of BJ‐SnO2 NPs was assessed against the Michigan Cancer Foundation‐7 (MCF‐7) breast cell line and A549 lung cancer cell line, which exhibited the IC50 value as 64.10 and 48.68 µg/mL respectively, while demonstrated no harmful effects on normal Vero cell lines, which maintain 93.75% vitality. Additionally, a hyperchromic shift in the absorbance was noted when Calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) interacted with biosynthesized BJ‐SnO2 NPs. In addition, the anti‐inflammatory effects of BJ‐SnO2 NPs were evaluated using an in vitro model that used bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation method (IC50 199.63 µg/mL). Overall, BJ‐SnO2 NPs synthesized through biosynthesis route proved to be excellent anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and biocompatible material with promising applications in healthcare.
Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanofiber‐Coated QCM: Preparation, Characterization, Gas Sensing Properties, and Data Validation via Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Yardimci Atike İnce , Buyukkabasakal Kemal , Capan Inci , Capan Rifat , Bitar Salam , Acikbas Yaser 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study investigated the sensing properties of electrospun NFs composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coated on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) in response to different volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, and trichloroethylene. Characterization of the PAN/PVDF NFs was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Five different concentrations of PVDF were tried to obtain well‐ordered and straightforward morphology with a thin diameter of nanofiber and characterization results indicated that PAN/PVDF NFs containing 25 wt% displayed desired morphology with the average nanofiber diameter of 183.6 ± 40 nm. Besides, NFs indicated a high surface area of 26.0464 m2/g and 37.3729 nm average pore size. The QCM nanofiber sensor demonstrated the highest response to dichloromethane vapor among the VOCs tested. The values of the sensitivity and LOD for the nanofiber sensor PAN/PVDF was calculated as 0.0249 Hz ppm−1 and 132.53 ppm, respectively. The kinetic data for the vapors indicated that a nonlinear autoregressive neural network with exogenous input was utilized for the most accurate molecular modelling based on frequency shift values. The nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input artificial neural network (NARX‐ANN) model exhibited superior performance in fitting the experimental data for dichloromethane compared to the other VOCs, as shown by the correlation coefficient values. For all VOC modelling results, the correlation coefficient values for the QCM nanofiber sensor ranged from approximately 0.9815–0.9964.
The Direct Air Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide Induced by The Giant Built‐In Electric Field of Trz‐CN
Authors: Ma Haoyang , Jiang Wenjun , Ma Yinhua , Song Yulin , Pei Liubin , Ban Hui , Zhan Su , Zhou Feng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) has been identified as an optimal material for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photosynthesis, although its utility is hampered by a high photocarrier recombination rate. Herein, a novel carbon nitride material with a giant built‐in electric field (BEF), Trz‐CN, is synthesized through a hydrothermal‐calcination tandem strategy. The giant BEF (4.8‐fold) induced by the large dipole moment facilitated the efficient separation and directional migration of photogenerated carriers. Trz‐CN exhibited an H2O2 production rate of 569.9 µmol·g−1·h−1 using O2 as feedstock under visible light (λ > 420 nm), marking an impressive 11.2‐fold enhancement compared to bulk C3N4. Utilizing air instead of pure O2 as feedstock resulted in a trivial 1.6% decrease in the H2O2 generation by Trz‐CN while maintaining a substantial production rate of 560.6 µmol·g−1·h−1. Notably, Trz‐CN showcased a sterilization rate of 99.9% against Escherichia coli (E. coli) in natural seawater. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that incorporating a nitrogen‐rich skeleton into the C3N4 enhanced its oxygen adsorption capacity and lowered the energy barrier for H2O2 formation. This leads to enhanced photocatalytic performance for H2O2 generation under ambient air conditions. Trz‐CN provides a new exploratory idea for direct air synthesis of H2O2 and ballast water treatment.
Solvent‐Free MACl Post‐Treatment Using Close‐Spaced Sublimation Method for Dry‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Youngmin , Pyun Dowon , Lee Wonkyu , Jeong Seok‐Hyun , Lee Sangwon , Cho Sujin , Nam Jiyeon , Hwang Jiseong , Jang Jihyun , Hwang Jae‐Keun , Kang Yoonmook , Kim Donghwan , Lee Hae‐Seok 
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a solvent‐free close‐spaced sublimation (CSS) method for both perovskite conversion and post‐treatment. A PbI2 layer is deposited via thermal evaporation and subsequently converted into MAPbI3 using CSS of Methylammonium iodide powder. The resulting MAPbI3 layer is further passivated with MACl powder using the identical CSS method. Through this post‐treatment, it is possible to improve the quality of the perovskite layer, leading to a decrease of defect density and enhancing photovoltaic performances. As a result, device efficiency improves from 14.6% to 16.4%, with notable increases in J
sc and V
oc, along with a reduction in hysteresis. The potential of this solvent‐free CSS method is demonstrated, making it a promising approach for large‐scale manufacturing of perovskite and tandem solar cells.
Imaging and Pathological Comprehensive Analysis of Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Li Heling , Chen Lixian , Zhang Long , Chen Xinglong , Wang Hong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has a high incidence in non‐human primates (NHPs), which affects animal health and causes huge losses to the experimental monkey breeding industry. In this case, gastroscope showed a smooth‐surfaced elevated lesion located approximately 18 cm from the incisor teeth of the diseased rhesus monkey. Computed tomography (CT) showed a space‐occupying lesion in the oesophagus. Haematoxylin & eosin (HE) staining revealed an invasive tumour of polygonal nests in the submucosa and muscularis, while keratosis and nuclear atypia were also observed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies revealed tumour cells positive for p63, CK5/6, p40, CK20, CK7 and CK19. Based on imaging and pathology findings, the rhesus monkey was diagnosed as oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and was treated surgically. Unfortunately, the rhesus monkey was euthanized eventually according to its poor health condition. This provides an important reference for the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC in rhesus monkeys, and also provides an important spontaneous animal model for future research on ESCC.
Imaginaries: Oceanic Bordering with Large-Scale Marine Protected Areas
Authors: Montana Jasper , Davies Oscar Hartman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Large-scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs) are growing in prominence as an area-based conservation strategy that places vast areas of the ocean (more than 150,000 square kilometres at a time) into formal protection. While LSMPAs are lauded for their conservation potential—for example, their ability to protect entire marine habitats and the ranges of highly mobile marine species—they also fulfil other political, social and economic functions. This chapter considers the role of imagination in the oceanic bordering practices of LSMPA designation. It demonstrates how LSMPAs are mobilised as resources by powerful actors to promote visions of progress tied to national identities centred on continuing connection to the ocean. In doing so, it illustrates how there is more at stake in the establishment of LSMPAs than conservation and marine management alone. The oceanic bordering agendas associated with LSMPAs not only redraw ocean maps, but also reinforce and renew national identities in relation to ocean space.
Laser melting synthesis of Mg and Si3N4-doped soda-lime glass: structure and thermal analysis
Authors: Wójcik Natalia Anna , Cieciórska Martyna , Sacharuk Hubert , Surowy Martyna , Grochowska Katarzyna , Karczewski Jakub , Wolff Stefania , Ali Sharafat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Three series of soda-lime glasses doped with varying contents of Mg, Si3N4, or a combination of both were synthesized using laser melting in less than 3 min. The addition of these dopants resulted in notable changes in the structural and thermal properties of the glass. Both IR and Raman spectra indicated that the silicate network primarily consisted of Q3 units, with significant amounts of Q2 and Q4 units present in most samples. In the Mg-doped series, strong depolymerization was observed, evidenced by an increase in Q2 units and a decrease in Q4 units. Conversely, increasing the Si content led to greater polymerization, with Q2 units being replaced by Q4 units. The series containing both Mg and Si exhibited features influenced by both elements, showing increases in Q2, Q3, and Q4 units. The glass transition temperature (T
g) increased with the addition of Mg and Si across all series. This increase was attributed to the strong cross-linking effect of Mg-O bonds and the increased polymerization with higher glass-forming ion content. However, a decrease in glass stability was observed, particularly in Mg-containing samples, due to Mg acting as a nucleation agent and promoting crystallization of the silicate structure. In contrast, Si did not introduce new nucleation sites, thus contributing to the structural integrity of the glass network. The findings underscore the potential of laser melting as an effective method for tailoring the properties of glasses.
Analysis of frequency domain features for the classification of evoked emotions using EEG signals
Authors: Adhikari Samannaya , Choudhury Nitin , Bhattacharya Swastika , Deb Nabamita , Das Daisy , Ghosh Rajdeep , Phadikar Souvik , Ghaderpour Ebrahim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Emotion is a natural instinctive state of mind that greatly influences human physiological activities and daily life decisions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals created from the central nervous system are very useful for emotion recognition and classification. In this study, EEG signals of individuals are analyzed by the variational mode decomposition (VMD) for frequency domain features to recognize visual stimuli-based evoked emotions (happy, sad, fear). After cleaning EEG signals from artifacts, VMD is employed to decompose the signal into its respective intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). A sliding windowing approach is adopted to calculate the power distributions in each of the predefined frequency bands. The results reveal that extracting frequency domain features using a sliding window of 3 s significantly enhances the efficiency of analyzing induced emotions in subjects. The random forest model shows promising results in classifying various emotions, achieving an accuracy of 99.57% for validation and 99.36% for testing. Moreover, it is observed that the fifth IMF has a strong relationship with emotion elicited from visual stimuli. In addition, the features of the trained model are analyzed by Shapley additive explanations.
Basic and Clinical Scientists Working Together—Do We Make the Best of Both Worlds?
Authors: Lems Willem F. , Anastasilakis Athanasios D. , Andreasen Christina Møller , Paccou Julien , Rolvien Tim , Tencerova Michaela , Tuckermann Jan , Yavropoulou Maria P. , Søe Kent 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders, affecting as many as 1.3 billion people worldwide, are the leading cause of disability and impose a substantial health and socioeconomic burden. Despite the high prevalence of these conditions, translational research in this field is far from optimal, highlighting the need for stronger collaboration between basic and clinical scientists. This paper, authored by members of the basic and clinical action groups of the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) and endorsed by the Board of the ECTS, examines the key barriers to effective translational research in musculoskeletal diseases, including clinician workload, differences in professional language and culture, physical distance between research sites, and insufficient interdisciplinary funding. Through interviews with eight institutional managers across five European countries, we observed that in some institutions, the collaboration between basic scientists and clinicians was regarded as no concern (but with room for improvement), and in most institutions it was recognised as a serious issue. We found consensus on the importance of collaboration yet identified discrepancies in the provision of structural and financial support. Based on these findings, we propose strategic initiatives to bridge the gap between basic and clinical research. Suggested measures include dedicated translational funding, integrated research facilities, collaborative scientific forums, strategic collaborations, establishment of physician-scientists, and, finally, bringing basic and clinical researchers together in the same building or even in a combined department. Notable successes, such as the development of the anti-osteoporotic drugs, romosozumab and denosumab, underscore the value of a coordinated approach and exemplify how shared insights between laboratory research and clinical practice can lead to impactful therapeutic advances. Moving forward, we advocate for institutional commitments to foster a robust translational research environment, as well as tailored funding initiatives to support such efforts. This paper serves as a call for discussion and action to enhance interdisciplinary cooperation to advance musculoskeletal medicine and improve outcomes for patients with debilitating musculoskeletal diseases.
Small pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (≤ 2 cm): different imaging and clinicopathologic features according to extrapancreatic extension
Authors: Ryu Rae Rim , Kim Jung Hoon , Park Junghoan , Hwang Sungjun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To assess features of small pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (s-PDA, ≤ 2 cm) according to extrapancreatic extension (EPE) and predictors for recurrence.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with s-PDA who underwent surgery between January 2004 and October 2021. Preoperative CT or MRI images were reviewed by two reviewers. Imaging and clinicopathologic features of s-PDA were compared according to the presence of EPE. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of recurrence.

Results
142 patients (77 men; 64.7 ± 9.3 years) who underwent preoperative CT (n = 134) or MRI (n = 115) were included. Duct dilatation was a common imaging finding of s-PDA (CT: 75.4%, MRI: 82.6%). Of the 142 patients, 21.8% (31/142) had no EPE, while 78.2% (111/142) had EPE. Tumor size on CT (14.3 ± 8.7 mm vs. 18.2 ± 6.5 mm, p =.01) and abutment or encasement of superior mesenteric vein (13.8% vs. 40.9%, p =.02) on CT were different according to absence or presence of EPE. Recurrence was more common in s-PDA with EPE (32.3% [10/31] vs. 53.2% [59/111], p =.04). Pathologic tumor size (HR 1.103, 95% CI 1.020–1.193, p =.01), tumor size on MRI (HR 1.044, 95% CI 1.001–1.090, p =.048), and extrapancreatic neural invasion on MRI (HR 3.341, 95% CI 1.564–7.140, p =.002) were significant predictors of recurrence.

Conclusion
Even in s-PDA, tumors with EPE are larger and show higher recurrence rates. Imaging features are important for predicting presence of EPE.
Bioimaging insights into structural pathways of cell-to-cell communication within the male (MGU) and female (FGU) germ units of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Parzych Wiktoria , Godel-Jędrychowska Kamila , Świdziński Michał , Niedojadło Janusz , Kurczyńska Ewa , Niedojadło Katarzyna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Key message
Cytoplasmic connections are present between cells within male and female germ units (MGU, FGU), suggesting potential structural pathways for communication.

Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication within the male germ unit (MGU), which consists of two sperm cells and the vegetative cell nucleus, and the female germ unit (FGU), comprising the synergids, the egg cell, and the central cell, is crucial for gamete maturation, fertilization, and early embryogenesis in angiosperms. The MGU facilitates the transport and delivery of immotile sperm cells via the elongating pollen tube to the FGU/embryo sac, which is deeply embedded within the ovule and the ovary. Through applying various bioimaging techniques at both electron and light microscopy levels, we examine the structure and the function of these units in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, with a particular focus on potential structural pathways for communication. In the MGU, this communication is facilitated by a cytoplasmic projection that connects the sperm cells to the lobed vegetative nucleus. In the FGU, the extracellular matrix adjacent to the egg cell, central cell, and synergids plays a similar role. We discuss our findings in the context of previous studies on Hyacinthus orientalis, where, in contrast to Arabidopsis—which possesses a tricellular pollen structure—sperm cells are formed within the growing pollen tube.
An invariance principle for the 2d weakly self-repelling Brownian polymer
Authors: Cannizzaro Giuseppe , Giles Harry 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigate the large-scale behaviour of the Self-Repelling Brownian Polymer (SRBP) in the critical dimension

$$d=2$$

d
=
2

. The SRBP is a model of self-repelling motion, which is formally given by the solution to a stochastic differential equation driven by a standard Brownian motion and with a drift given by the negative gradient of its own local time. As with its discrete counterpart, the “true” self-avoiding walk (TSAW) of Amit et al. (Phys Rev B 27(3):1635–1645, 1983. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.27.1635), it is conjectured to be logarithmically superdiffusive, i.e. to be such that its mean-square displacement grows as

$$t(\log t)^\beta $$

t

(
log
t
)

β

for t large and some currently unknown

$$\beta \in (0,1)$$

β
∈
(
0
,
1
)

. The main result of the paper is an invariance principle for the SRBP under the weak coupling scaling, which corresponds to scaling the SRBP diffusively and simultaneously tuning down the strength of the self-interaction in a scale-dependent way. The diffusivity for the limiting Brownian motion is explicit and its expression provides compelling evidence that the

$$\beta $$

β

above should be 1/2. Further, we derive the scaling limit of the so-called environment seen by the particle process, which formally solves a non-linear singular stochastic PDE of transport-type, and prove this is given by the solution of a stochastic linear transport equation with enhanced diffusivity.
New Island Partitioning to Improve Scanning Strategies in Powder Bed Fusion of Metals with Laser Beam
Authors: Holman Dominick , Boseila Jonas , Schleifenbaum Johannes Henrich 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Powder Bed Fusion of Metals with Laser Beam (PBF-LB/M) is an additive manufacturing technology that creates parts layer by layer from metal powder. The scanning strategy, which defines the geometrical arrangement of laser scan vectors, influences the part quality. In this contribution, based on the literature, we identified efficiently assessable geometrical properties of scanning strategies as requirements for a high part quality, i.e. low porosity, high dimensional accuracy and low surface roughness. We used these requirements to assess stripes as a representative state-of-the-art linear strategy and chessboard as a representative state-of-the-art island partitioning strategy. We found that island and chessboard strategies do not fully fulfill the identified requirements. Thus, we introduced a novel strategy for the geometric arrangement of scan vectors, called Random Polygon Partition (RPP), which fulfills the identified requirements better than the strategies discussed in the literature. To test the performance of RPP, we printed test specimens and compared the achieved porosity, dimensional accuracy, and surface roughness with specimens created with stripes and chessboard. The results demonstrate the usability of RPP in creating high-quality test specimens. However, further comparative studies on RPP and state-of-the-art scanning strategies using more challenging geometries and alloys prone to cracking, porosity, and more are needed to assess the full potential of the new scanning strategy.
Do fiber tips with different geometric designs affect organic tissue loss in laser-activated irrigation of teeth with immature apex? An in vitro study
Authors: Korucu Hulde , Uğur Aydın Zeliha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The aim of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the effect of irrigation activation performed with standard needle irrigation (SNI) and laser activated irrigation (LAI) tips of different geometric designs on organic tissue loss in the periapical area of teeth with immature apex. Fifteen single-rooted and canal teeth and seventy-five bovine mucosae were used in this study. An experimental model was constructed, and bovine mucosae were placed in the periapical area. Samples were randomly divided into five groups according to the irrigation activation method (n = 15): SNI, PIPS-flat (F), PIPS-radial (R), SWEEPS-flat (F) and SWEEPS-radial (R). Root canals were irrigated with totally 15 mL of 2% NaOCl for three irrigation cycles. Bovine mucosae were weighed before and after the irrigation activation protocols. The difference between the initial and final weights measured organic tissue loss. One-way analysis of variance was performed, followed by post-hoc Tukey significant difference test (p < 0.05). The amount of organic tissue loss in PIPS-R was found to be significantly higher compared to PIPS-F (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the amount of periapical organic tissue loss among all other tested irrigation activation methods (p > 0.05). All irrigation activation methods caused organic tissue loss. PIPS-R caused more organic tissue loss than PIPS-F, while no difference was found between SWEEPS-F and SWEEPS-R used at the same power setting.