bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Performance of Best Linear Unbiased Estimation and Best Linear Unbiased Prediction of Genotype Effects from Zoned Indian Maize Data
Authors: Kleinknecht K. , Möhring J. , Singh K.P. , Zaidi P.H. , Atlin G.N. , Piepho H.P. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe maize (Zea mays L.) growing area in India is divided into five zones for cultivar testing. During triannual testing of genotypes in official trials within the All‐India Coordinated Maize Improvement Program (AICMIP), a large number of entries is rejected each year. Therefore, only a low number of entries is carried forward to the advanced stage of testing. The subdivision of the breeding sites into zones results in limited data per zone. Hence, the question arises how to select the best genotypes per zone and how information can be borrowed across zones to improve the accuracy of selection within zones. We compared the performance of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) using the correlation of genetic effects between zones with best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE) based on data per zone. In both cases, data were analyzed using a mixed model. We used simulations to calculate correlations between the true simulated values and the predicted genotype values obtained by BLUE and BLUP using the same models. The data structure and the variance components used in simulations were based on the analysis of 40 triannual series of four different maize maturity groups. Best linear unbiased prediction outperformed BLUE in 38 out of 40 series and on average across all series. An advantage of BLUP was observed for varying genetic correlations between zones. We conclude that the use of BLUP enhanced the estimation accuracy in zoned AICMIP maize testing trials and can be recommended for future use in these trials.
Interventional Nephrology
Authors: Yevzlin Alexander S. , Valliant Amanda M. 
Published: April 2013

Summary
There is increasing awareness of vascular access dysfunction as a significant contributor to the morbidity associated with chronic hemodialysis. Over the last several years, interventional nephrologists, in conjunction with our colleagues in vascular surgery, have led the way in the creation of novel devices that are designed to help solve the vascular access problem. The purpose of this review is to describe novel devices in the precommercial stage of development that have the potential to revolutionize the field of dialysis vascular access. These devices include bioengineered blood vessels, access monitoring technology, and advanced anastomotic connectors.
Serum Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Levels and Idiopathic FSGS in Children
Authors: Bock Margret E. , Price Heather E. , Gallon Lorenzo , Langman Craig B. 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
FSGS is the primary cause of childhood nephrotic syndrome leading to ESRD. Permeability factors, including circulating serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), have been postulated as putative causes in adults with primary FSGS. Similar results have yet to be proven in children.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This cross-sectional single-center study assessed the association of serum suPAR in children with FSGS or other glomerular and nonglomerular kidney diseases.

Results
This study examined 110 samples retrieved from 99 individuals (between January 2011 and April 2012), aged 1–21 years; of these individuals, 20 had primary FSGS, 24 had non-FSGS glomerular disease, 26 had nonglomerular kidney disease, and 29 were healthy controls. suPAR levels were not significantly different in children with FSGS, non-FSGS glomerular disease, and healthy controls (P>0.05). However, suPAR levels (median [25%–75%]) were higher in children with nonglomerular kidney disease (3385 pg/ml [2695–4392]) versus FSGS (2487 pg/ml [2191–3351]; P<0.05). Female patients with nephrotic-range proteinuria (U-Pr/Cr >2) had lower suPAR levels than those without proteinuria (2380 pg/ml [2116–2571] versus 3125 pg/ml [2516–4198], respectively; P<0.001). This trend was not seen among male participants; suPAR levels in all female participants were lower than in male participants (P=0.03). Thirty-four patients studied were kidney transplant recipients; transplant status was not associated with suPAR levels in patients with FSGS or non-FSGS diagnoses, independent of proteinuria, race, or sex (P>0.05).

Conclusions
On the basis of these results, circulating suPAR is unlikely the leading cause for childhood idiopathic FSGS.
Are Stock Option Grants to Directors of State-Controlled Chinese Firms Listed in Hong Kong Genuine Compensation?
Authors: Chen Zhihong , Guan Yuyan , Ke Bin 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT:
We examine the determinants and consequences of stock option compensation to directors of state-controlled Chinese firms that are incorporated outside China and listed in Hong Kong, referred to as state-controlled Red Chip firms, over the period 1990–2005. We find that state-controlled Red Chip firms granted directors a significant number of stock options in response to the demand of foreign investors. However, state-controlled Red Chip firms forced the directors to forfeit a significant percentage of their vested in-the-money stock options due to a conflict between the high-powered stock option compensation and state-controlled Red Chip firms' unique managerial labor market. We find little evidence that directors' stock option compensation changed the behavior of state-controlled Red Chip firms. Overall, our results are consistent with the media's allegation that the stock options granted to directors of many, if not all, state-controlled Red Chip firms are not genuine compensation.
JEL Classifications: D21, G32, J33, M40, N25
Data Availability: Data used in this study are publicly available from the sources identified in the paper.
Diabetic Retinopathy and Microalbuminuria Can Predict Macroalbuminuria and Renal Function Decline in Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Moriya Tatsumi , Tanaka Shiro , Kawasaki Ryo , Ohashi Yasuo , Akanuma Yasuo , Yamada Nobuhiro , Sone Hirohito , Yamashita Hidetoshi , Katayama Shigehiro ,   for the Japan Diabetes Complications Study Group
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE
To examine the interactive relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetic patients and to elucidate the role of DR and microalbuminuria on the onset of macroalbuminuria and renal function decline.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We explored the effects of DR and microalbuminuria on the progression of DN from normoalbuminuria and low microalbuminuria (&lt;150 mg/gCr) to macroalbuminuria or renal function decline in the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS), which is a nationwide randomized controlled study of type 2 diabetic patients focusing on lifestyle modification. Patients were divided into four groups according to presence or absence of DR and MA: normoalbuminuria without DR [NA(DR−)] (n = 773), normoalbuminuria with DR [NA(DR+)] (n = 279), microalbuminuria without DR [MA(DR−)] (n = 277), and microalbuminuria with DR [MA(DR+)] (n = 146). Basal urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and DR status were determined at baseline and followed for a median of 8.0 years.

RESULTS
Annual incidence rates of macroalbuminuria were 1.6/1,000 person-years (9 incidences), 3.9/1,000 person-years (8 incidences), 18.4/1,000 person-years (34 incidences), and 22.1/1,000 person-years (22 incidences) in the four groups, respectively. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of the progression to macroalbuminuria were 2.48 (95% CI 0.94–6.50; P = 0.07), 10.40 (4.91–22.03; P &lt; 0.01), and 11.55 (5.24–25.45; P &lt; 0.01) in NA(DR+), MA(DR−), and MA(DR+), respectively, in comparison with NA(DR−). Decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) per year was two to three times faster in MA(DR+) (−1.92 mL/min/1.73 m2/year) than in the other groups.

CONCLUSIONS
In normo- and low microalbuminuric Japanese type 2 diabetic patients, presence of microalbuminuria at baseline was associated with higher risk of macroalbuminuria in 8 years. Patients with microalbuminuria and DR showed the fastest GFR decline. Albuminuria and DR should be considered as risk factors of renal prognosis in type 2 diabetic patients. An open sharing of information will benefit both ophthalmologists and diabetologists.
Overexpression of Hemopexin in the Diabetic Eye
Authors: Hernández Cristina , Garcia-Ramírez Marta , Simó Rafael 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE
Hemopexin is a well-recognized permeability factor in the kidney, but its potential role in blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown has not been explored. The main aims of this study were as follows: 1) to determine hemopexin expression in the retina and its content in the vitreous fluid from diabetic patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and nondiabetic patients, 2) to evaluate the effect of hemopexin on BRB permeability, and 3) to determine whether dexamethasone prevents an eventual hemopexin-induced hyperpermeability.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Biological material included 1) retinas from 10 diabetic donors with nonproliferative retinopathy and from 10 nondiabetic donors and 2) vitreous fluid from 14 patients with DME and 14 nondiabetic patients. Hemopexin and hemopexin receptor mRNA levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR and hemopexin concentrations by ELISA. The effect of hemopexin on permeability in culture was evaluated in human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE)-19 cells and bovine retinal endothelial cells. The experiments were repeated in the presence of hemopexin-neutralizing antibodies and dexamethasone.

RESULTS
A higher expression of hemopexin was detected in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from diabetic patients in comparison with nondiabetic control subjects. Intravitreal hemopexin concentration was higher in patients with DME than in nondiabetic subjects. Hemopexin significantly increased permeability in ARPE-19 cells, which was prevented by both hemopexin-neutralizing antibodies and dexamethasone.

CONCLUSIONS
Hemopexin is overexpressed in the RPE of diabetic patients with DME and induces the breakdown of RPE cells in vitro. Dexamethasone was able to prevent hemopexin-induced hyperpermeability. Our results suggest that hemopexin can be considered a new pathogenic candidate for DME.
Changes in Detection of Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes in the First 4 Years of a Population-Based Diabetic Eye Screening Program
Authors: Forster Alice S. , Forbes Angus , Dodhia Hiten , Connor Clare , Du Chemin Alain , Sivaprasad Sobha , Mann Samantha , Gulliford Martin C. 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE
Annual diabetic eye screening has been implemented in England since 2008. This study aimed to estimate changes in the detection of retinopathy in the first 4 years of the program.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants included 32,340 patients with type 2 diabetes resident in three London boroughs with one or more screening records between 2008 and 2011. Data for 87,570 digital images from 2008 to 2011 were analyzed. Frequency of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) was estimated by year of screen for first screens and for subsequent screens according to retinopathy status at first screen.

RESULTS
Among 16,621 first-ever screens, the frequency of STDR was 7.1% in 2008, declining to 6.4% in 2011 (P = 0.087). The proportion with a duration of diabetes of &lt;1 year at first screen increased from 18.7% in 2008 to 48.6% in 2011. Second or later screens were received by 26,308 participants. In participants with mild nonproliferative retinopathy at first screen, the proportion with STDR at second or later screen declined from 21.6% in 2008 to 8.4% in 2011 (annual change −2.2% [95% CI −3.3 to −1.0], P &lt; 0.001). In participants with no retinopathy at first screen, STDR declined from 9.2% in 2008 to 3.2% in 2011 (annual change −1.8% [−2.0 to −1.7], P &lt; 0.001). Declining trends were similar in sociodemographic subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS
After the inception of population-based diabetic eye screening, patients at lower risk of STDR contribute an increasing proportion to the eligible population, and the proportion detected with STDR at second or subsequent screening rounds declines rapidly.
Gendered Casualties: Memoirs in Activism and the Problem of Representing Violence
Authors: Musikawong Sudarat 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Masculinity and nationalisms in Thailand during the 1970s served to enable gendered violence against activist women. Archival research and fieldwork reveal how feminist epistemologies and methods for studying memory are always gendered. Both conservative and leftist memories about the turbulent 1970s are rooted in a masculine notion of nationalism. Marginalizing the women's movement during the 1970s and forgetting the gendered violence against female activists during the October 6, 1976 massacre enables masculine nationalism.
Book Reviews
Authors: Inniss Kenneth , Calderwood Natalie , Meserve Walter , Horn Robert , Crafton Allen , Brooking Jack 
Published: April 2013

Francis Fergusson, The Human Image in Dramatic Literature, , reviewed by Kenneth Inniss Edward A. Wright, A Primer for Playgoers, , reviewed by Natalie Calderwood Samuel Selden, Man in his Theatre, , reviewed by Walter J. Meserve Harold Hobson, International Theatre Annud, , reviewed by Robert D. Horn F. Cowles Strickland, The Technique of Acting, , reviewed by Allen Crafton Peter Cotes, A Handbook for the Amateur Theatre, , reviewed by Jack Brooking
Book Reviews
Authors: Lim Jason , Ebert Anne-Katrin , Reut Jennifer , Mellegers Ernie , Tull Malcolm , Millward Liz , Ponsavady Stéphanie , Lejoux Patricia , Kim Nanny , Philpott William , Spalding Steven D. 
Published: April 2013

Pál Nyíri, Mobility and Cultural Authority in Contemporary China (Jason Lim)Friedrich von Borries, ed., Berliner Atlas paradoxaler Mobilität (Anne-Katrin Ebert)Toni Morrison, Home (Jennifer Reut)Antonio Amado, Voiture Minimum, Le Corbusier and the Automobile (Ernie Mellegers)Kurt Stenross, Madurese Seafarers. Prahus, Timber and Illegality on the Margins of the Indonesian State (Malcolm Tull)Gordon Pirie, Cultures and Caricatures of British Imperial Aviation: Passengers, Pilots, Publicity (Liz Millward)Christine R. Yano, Airborne Dreams: “Nisei“ Stewardesses and Pan American World Airways (Stéphanie Ponsavady)Christophe Gay, Vincent Kaufmann, Sylvie Landriève, Stéphanie Vincent-Geslin, eds., Mobile/Immobile: Quels choix, quels droits pour 2030/Choices and Rights for 2030 (Patricia Lejoux)Zhang Ellen Cong, Transformative Journeys: Travel and Culture in Song China (Nanny Kim)Susan Sessions Rugh, Are We There Yet? The Golden Age of American Family Vacations (William Philpott)Justin D. Edwards and Rune Graulund, Mobility at Large: Globalization, Textuality and Innovative Travel Writing (Steven D. Spalding)
L'évaluation de la gouvernance territoriale. Enjeux et propositions méthodologiques
Authors: Rey-Valette Hélène , Mathé Syndhia 
Published: April 2013

Face à l’importance croissante des dispositifs de gouvernance multi-acteurs et multi-niveaux, cette contribution se propose de rendre compte des types et des conditions d’évaluation de ces dispositifs. Les auteurs proposent une revue des recherches récentes sur les modalités d’évaluation de la gouvernance, qui témoigne de la faiblesse des travaux sur les effets de la gouvernance territoriale tant en termes d’efficacité que d’impact sur la démocratie et « l’empowerment » des participants. Il s’agit ensuite de s’interroger sur la construction d’un cadre d’évaluation approprié aux dispositifs de gouvernance territoriale en montrant que par ses propriétés d’apprentissage, l’évaluation participative constitue non seulement un outil d’évaluation mais qu’elle joue aussi un rôle important pour le renforcement des effets démocratiques des systèmes de gouvernance territoriale.
A Silver Lining to Higher Prices at the Pump? Gasoline Prices and Teen Driving Behaviors
Authors: Sen Bisakha , Patidar Nitish , Thomas Sheikilya 
Published: April 2013

Purpose. Existing literature shows negative relationships between gasoline price and motor vehicle crashes, particularly among teens. This paper extends that literature by evaluating the relationship between gasoline price and self-reported risky driving among teens. Design. Observational study using multivariate empirical analysis, using pooled data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, waves 2003–2009. Setting. Secondary data from survey administered in private and public high schools across the United States. Subjects. Students in grades 9 through 12, surveyed biennially from 2003 to 2009 (n = 58,749). Measures. Outcomes are (self-reported) driving without seatbelts, driving after consuming alcohol, and moderate physical activity (like walking or bicycling). State-level retail gasoline prices constitute the main predictor variable. Analysis. Multivariate logistic models are estimated for the full sample, as well as by gender, race/ethnicity, and age. Individual characteristics, state unemployment, and state driving policies are controlled for. Standard errors are clustered at the state level. Results are reported in form of risk differences. Results. Higher gasoline prices are negatively and significantly associated with driving without seatbelts. Associations are particularly strong for males and minorities. There are fewer statistical associations between gasoline prices and driving after drinking. Higher gasoline prices are positively associated with more moderate physical activity. Conclusion. Higher gasoline prices are associated with less risky driving behaviors among teens, and they may be associated with more active forms of transportation, like walking and bicycling. The study limitations are discussed.
Assessing Antisite Defect and Impurity Concentrations in Bi2Te3 Based Thin Films by High‐Accuracy Chemical Analysis
Authors: Peranio Nicola , Winkler Markus , Dürrschnabel Michael , König Jan , Eibl Oliver 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn Bi2Te3‐based materials charge‐carrier densities are determined by antisite defects and controlling these defects is a key issue for thermoelectric and topological insulator materials. Bi‐Te thin films with high‐quality thermoelectric properties are deposited using a nano‐alloying approach by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and sputtering. The in‐plane transport properties are measured at room temperature as a function of charge‐carrier density. High‐accuracy chemical analysis by wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (WDX) is applied for the first time to these Bi2Te3‐based thin films. The acquisition conditions for WDX spectrometry are established using Monte Carlo simulations for the electron trajectories, which guarantees a high lateral resolution and rules out stray radiation generated in the substrate of the films. In contrast to energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDX), which is usually applied, WDX offers unprecedented accuracy for measuring antisite defect concentrations and thus has a high impact on improving the quality of thin films. The charge‐carrier densities are calculated from the WDX results according to the point‐defect model of Miller and Li and the thermopower and electrical conductivity are calculated for different charge‐carrier densities by solving the linearized Boltzmann transport equation. A good quantitative agreement is found for the dependence of the thermopower on stoichiometry, whereas the electrical conductivity is sensitively affected by contaminants.
Circuit QED lattices: Towards quantum simulation with superconducting circuits
Authors: Schmidt Sebastian , Koch Jens 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe Jaynes‐Cummings model describes the coupling between photons and a single two‐level atom in a simplified representation of light‐matter interactions. In circuit QED, this model is implemented by combining microwave resonators and superconducting qubits on a microchip with unprecedented experimental control. Arranging qubits and resonators in the form of a lattice realizes a new kind of Hubbard model, the Jaynes‐Cummings‐Hubbard model, in which the elementary excitations are polariton quasi‐particles. Due to the genuine openness of photonic systems, circuit QED lattices offer the possibility to study the intricate interplay of collective behavior, strong correlations and non‐equilibrium physics. Thus, turning circuit QED into an architecture for quantum simulation, i.e., using a well‐controlled system to mimic the intricate quantum behavior of another system too daunting for a theorist to tackle head‐on, is an exciting idea which has served as theorists’ playground for a while and is now also starting to catch on in experiments. This review gives a summary of the most recent theoretical proposals and experimental efforts.
Overall gas–liquid mass transfer from Taylor bubbles flowing upwards in a circular capillary
Authors: Mehdi Shozab , Billet Anne‐Marie , Chughtai Imran R. , Inayat Mansoor H. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTOverall liquid side volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa was determined experimentally for cocurrent Taylor flow moving upwards in a glass tube of an internal diameter of 3 mm. Experiments were performed for physical absorption of oxygen in 20% aqueous solution of ethanol. Shadowgraph technique was deployed for precise measurements of bubble lengths and velocities. Experimental values of volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa were evaluated by use of oxygen sensor and contributions of two possible mass transfer mechanisms: bubble to liquid slug and bubble to liquid film were discussed. Effects of various hydrodynamic parameters such as superficial velocity, length of bubble and slug, and so forth on kLa have also been presented. A correlation has been proposed for the estimation of kLa for a wide range of bubble to slug lengths ratio and superficial velocities of gas and liquids. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement in mechanical and thermal properties of phenolic foam reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yang Zhongjia , Yuan Lili , Gu Yizhuo , Li Min , Sun Zhijie , Zhang Zuoguang 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPhenolic foams reinforced with pristine and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated to develop fire‐resistant materials with improved mechanical properties. The influences of the contents of carboxyl multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs‐COOH) and of MWCNTs types on the compressive properties of the composite foams were investigated. The microstructure and detailed failure behavior of MWCNTs/phenolic composite foams were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in situ quasistatic compression inside SEM, respectively. In addition, thermal performances were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vertical burning method. It is found that as heterogeneous nucleation agents, MWCNTs increase cell density and decrease cell size of the produced foams, and that as reinforcements located in cell walls, MWCNTs impart high strength and stiffness to brittle foams. Moreover, MWCNTs reinforced foams have higher thermal stability than raw foams and exhibit similar excellent resistance to flame, confirming the effectiveness of MWCNTs as stabilizers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1479–1488, 2013