bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐human resistance in changes towards lean
Authors: Langstrand Jostein , Elg Mattias 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe importance of social issues is well established in the literature on resistance to change. However, much can be gained by including physical objects in the analysis. Using actor‐network theory, this paper aims to explore the resistance of non‐human actors in organizational change and contribute to an expanded understanding of resistance to change.Design/methodology/approachThe article is based on a longitudinal case study of the introduction of lean in a large Swedish manufacturing company. The empirical basis consists of interviews, observations and document studies. Actor‐network theory is used as a theoretical lens to identify non‐human resistance to change.FindingsThe paper proposes that non‐human actors can inhibit change through a lack of alignment with the overall change initiative. This may cause large variation in the interpretation of the proposed change and a lengthy process of construction and negotiation. The paper provides examples of four different types of non‐human resistance that result from this lack of alignment.Practical implicationsIt is proposed that change initiatives need to be aligned with existing practice and anchored in objects that are integrated in organizational routines. The four types of non‐human resistance presented in the paper may be used as a checklist to reduce the risk of failure.Originality/valueThe predominant focus on social issues tends to disregard the impact of the physical environment in change processes. Actor‐network theory and the inclusion of the physical environment will help to expand and improve the understanding of resistance to change.
Resistance in HROs, setback or resource?
Authors: Binci Daniele , Cerruti Corrado , Donnarumma Stefano Antonio 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to analyse the role of resistance at team level in a change project focused on the maintenance activities of a high reliability organisation (HRO) that operates in the electricity distribution field.Design/methodology/approachA grounded theory is built, analysing a large dataset of material (project reports, processes descriptions, internal memos and presentations), direct observation and semi‐structured interviews.FindingsThe paper documents a model where resistance has evolved over time. Differentiated responses to change of employees during the project and also different forms of resistance are observed. The outcome of the analysis shows the positive role of mindful inertia in the change project.Research limitations/implicationsOutcomes are, by the nature of the research, deeply rooted in the context and the study is focused on a specific service of an organisation that is high reliability‐oriented. Future studies should look at whether these insights are also relevant for other organisations.Practical implicationsMindful inertia can prove useful in achieving better performances in implementing change.Originality/valueWith respect to the existing literature, the paper shows that in HROs acceptance of change and mindful resistance to that change interacts to improve the outcome process. Resistance, under certain conditions, can provide the very insights needed to implement change.
Social‐media misuse a ticking time‐bomb for employers
Authors: Field James , Chelliah John 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThis article aims to highlight the risks employers face when employees use social media.Design/methodology/approachThe article considers each risk in turn, and suggests how it could be reduced.FindingsThe major challenge for most employers is the development of a co‐ordinated human‐resource strategy that incorporates documented policies and procedures, an internal training program and robust record‐keeping.Practical implicationsThe article guides managers and HR specialists in assessing the exposure of their organizations/clients to the risks identified.Social implicationsAttention is drawn to the growing problem of the misuse of social media across society as a whole.Originality/valueThe article raises the issue of organizational awareness and preparedness to undertake challenges posed by social media.
Lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) distribution, activity patterns and relative abundance in the Greater Madidi‐Tambopata Landscape
Authors: WALLACE Robert , AYALA Guido , VISCARRA Maria 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLowland tapir distribution is described in northwestern Bolivia and southeastern Peru within the Greater Madidi‐Tambopata Landscape, a priority Tapir Conservation Unit, using 1255 distribution points derived from camera trapping efforts, field research and interviews with park guards from 5 national protected areas and hunters from 19 local communities. A total of 392 independent camera trapping events from 14 camera trap surveys at 11 sites demonstrated the nocturnal and crepuscular activity patterns (86%) of the lowland tapir and provide 3 indices of relative abundance for spatial and temporal comparison. Capture rates for lowland tapirs were not significantly different between camera trapping stations placed on river beachesversusthose placed in the forest. Lowland tapir capture rates were significantly higher in the national protected areas of the regionversusindigenous territories and unprotected portions of the landscape. Capture rates through time suggested that lowland tapir populations are recovering within the Tuichi Valley, an area currently dedicated towards ecotourism activities, following the creation (1995) and subsequent implementation (1997) of the Madidi National Park in Bolivia. Based on our distributional data and published conservative estimates of population density, we calculated that this transboundary landscape holds an overall lowland tapir population of between 14 540 and 36 351 individuals, of which at least 24.3% are under protection from national and municipal parks. As such, the Greater Madidi‐Tambopata Landscape should be considered a lowland tapir population stronghold and priority conservation efforts are discussed in order to maintain this population.
Differentiating the Contribution of Pharmacological from Alcohol Expectancy Effects to Changes in Subjective Response and Priming Over Successive Drinks
Authors: Rose Abigail K. , Hobbs Malcolm , Drummond Colin 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAlcohol consumption can prime motivation to continue drinking and may contribute to excessive drinking. Most alcohol administration research assesses the effect of a single alcohol dose on outcome measures; however, this differs from typical drinking occasions in which several drinks are consumed over time. This research tracks priming measures (alcohol urge, latency to first sip, and consumption time) and subjective effects (intoxication, stimulation, and sedation) across consumption of 5 drinks, over a period of 2.5 hours. Alcohol, placebo, and no‐alcohol (i.e., soft drink) conditions are compared with isolate the effects of alcohol expectancies and differentiate these from alcohol's pharmacological effects.MethodsAlcohol urge and subjective state were measured before and after an initial drink was consumed (preload: alcohol, placebo, or no‐alcohol). Four additional drinking phases followed whereby participants had access to 2 drinks (alcohol/no‐alcohol, or placebo/no‐alcohol). Experimental priming (urge, latency to first sip, consumption time) and subjective effect (intoxication, stimulation, and sedation) outcomes were recorded after each drink.ResultsThe pattern of alcohol urge following placebo drinks differed compared with alcohol and no‐alcohol consumption, Fs(1, 90) > 4.10, ps < 0.003. There was a linear decrease in urge in the no‐alcohol condition, while in the alcohol condition urge increased after the first few drinks before decreasing. Urge ratings showed the opposite pattern in the placebo condition (a decrease followed by an increase). Alcohol produced the highest ratings of lightheadedness, F(5, 440) = 2.8, p < 0.02, but both alcohol and placebo produced increased sedated feelings, Fs ≥ 19.05, ps ≤ 0.001. After placebo, urge was positively related to liking and enjoying the “alcoholic” drinks and feeling more stimulated (rs ≥ 0.31, ps ≤ 0.01).ConclusionsIn social drinkers, different factors may affect priming during different stages of a drinking episode. For example, the pharmacological effects of alcohol appear involved in priming during the initial stages of drinking. When alcohol expectancies are activated, blocking access to alcohol can increase urge, supporting Tiffany's cognitive processing model of craving.
Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for p16INK4a– a new triage test for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia?
Authors: JENTSCHKE MATTHIAS , LANGE VICTORIA , SOERGEL PHILIPP , HILLEMANNS PETER 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective. To evaluate enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A protein (p16INK4a) on self‐collected cervicovaginal lavage samples as an additional triage test to identify women with high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Design. Retrospective feasibility, sensitivity and specificity study. Setting. University Medical School, Germany. Sample. One hundred and fifty‐two patients from the colposcopy clinic were included. Methods. All women used a cervico‐vaginal lavage device (Delphi Screener) for self‐sampling and had gynecological examinations with Pap smears, cervical smears in ThinPrep PreservCyt solution and Cervatec medium for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing (Qiagen Hybrid Capture 2) and colposcopic examinations with biopsies if abnormalities were detected (72 women; 51%). All cytological samples were examined by p16INK4a ELISA. Main outcome measures. Sensitivity and specificity of p16INK4a ELISA for high‐grade CIN. Results. Complete data were available for 140 women. Among these, 62 women (46%) presented with an atypical Pap smear and 65 (46.4%) were high‐risk HPV positive in the reference smear sample. Seventeen women (12%) had CIN 3+. Twenty‐seven (19%) physician‐collected samples were p16INK4a ELISA positive. In contrast, p16INK4a ELISA turned out to be positive in only one (1%) vaginal lavage sample. Conclusions. Our study shows that self‐sampling with cervicovaginal lavage followed by p16INK4a ELISA is not suitable for the detection of high‐grade CIN.
The functional role of natural killer cells early in clinical sepsis
Authors: Giannikopoulos George , Antonopoulou Anastasia , Kalpakou Georgia , Makaritsis Konstantinos , Panou Charalambos , Papadomichelakis Evangelos , Sinapidis Dimitrios , Theodotou Anna , Tzagkaraki Aikaterini , Giamarellos‐Bourboulis Evangelos J. 
Published: October 2012

Although much information is available for the function of circulating monocytes when signs of sepsis are apparent, little is known for natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells were isolated from 10 healthy controls and from 103 patients with sepsis within the first 24 h from diagnosis. NK cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide for cytokine production. Release of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and of interleukin (IL)‐6 was below the limit of detection. Release of IL‐23 and of interferon‐gamma (IFNγ) was significantly greater among patients than among healthy volunteers. Release of IFNγ was pronounced in septic shock. Patients were divided into two subgroups based on the ratio of IFNγ to IL‐23 released by the NK cells after stimulation: those with ratio ≤5 and 28‐day survival 13.5%, and those with ratio >5 and 28‐day survival 29.4% (p: 0.048). It is concluded that early after clinical development of sepsis, NK cells remain active for the production of IFNγ. Their activity is associated with the final outcome.
Review article: ulcerative colitis, smoking and nicotine therapy
Authors: Lunney P. C. , Leong R. W. L. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryBackgroundSmoking is the best‐characterised environmental association of ulcerative colitis (UC). Smoking has been observed to exert protective effects on both the development and progression of UC.AimsTo examine the association between UC and smoking, possible pathogenic mechanisms and the potential of nicotine as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of UC.MethodsA literature search was conducted through MEDLINE, using the MeSH search terms ‘ulcerative colitis’ and ‘smoking’ or ‘nicotine’. Relevant articles were identified through manual review. The reference lists of these articles were reviewed to include further appropriate articles.ResultsUlcerative colitis is less prevalent in smokers. Current smokers with a prior diagnosis of UC are more likely to exhibit milder disease than ex‐smokers and nonsmokers. There is conflicting evidence for smokers having reduced rates of hospitalisation, colectomy and need for oral corticosteroids and immunosuppressants to manage their disease. Multiple potential active mediators in smoke may be responsible for these clinical effects, including nicotine and carbon monoxide, but the precise mechanism remains unknown. Nicotine has demonstrated variable efficacy in the induction of remission in UC when compared to placebo and conventional medicines. Despite this, the high frequency of adverse events limits its clinical significance.ConclusionsNicotine's application as a therapeutic treatment in ulcerative colitis is limited. Presently, it may be an option considered only in selected cases of acute ulcerative colitis refractory to conventional treatment options. This review also questions whether nicotine is the active component of smoking that modifies risk and inflammation in ulcerative colitis.
Comparative immunolocalization of keratin‐associated beta‐proteins (beta‐keratins) supports a new explanation for the cyclical process of keratinocyte differentiation in lizard epidermis
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLizard epidermis is made of beta‐ and alpha‐layers. Using Western blot tested antibodies, the ultrastructural immunolocalization of specific keratin‐associated beta‐proteins in the epidermis of different lizard species reveals that glycine‐rich beta‐proteins (HgG5) localize in the beta‐layer, while glycine–cysteine‐medium‐rich beta‐proteins (HgGC10) are present in oberhautchen and alpha‐layers. This suggests a new explanation for the formation of different epidermal layers during the shedding cycle in lepidosaurian epidermis instead of an alternance between beta‐keratins and alpha‐keratins. It is proposed that different sets of genes coding for specific beta‐proteins are activated in keratinocytes during the renewal phase of the shedding cycle. Initially, glycine–cysteine‐medium‐rich beta‐proteins with hydrophilic and elastic properties accumulate over alpha‐keratins in the oberhautchen but are replaced in the next cell layer with glycine‐rich hydrophobic beta‐proteins forming a resistant, stiff, and hydrophobic beta‐layer. The synthesis of glycine‐rich proteins terminates in mesos and alpha‐cells where these proteins are replaced with glycine–cysteine‐rich beta‐proteins. The pattern of beta‐protein deposition onto a scaffold of intermediate filament keratins is typical for keratin‐associated proteins and the association between alpha‐keratins and specific keratin‐associated beta‐proteins during the renewal phase of the shedding cycle gives rise to epidermal layers possessing different structural, mechanical, and texture properties.
Dronedarone‐associated acute renal failure: evidence coming from the Italian spontaneous ADR reporting database
Authors: Biagi Chiara , Venegoni Mauro , Melis Mauro , Buccellato Elena , Montanaro Nicola , Motola Domenico 
Published: October 2012

AimTo describe cases of acute renal failure (ARF) and of renal failure (RF) from dronedarone retrieved in the general population during post‐marketing surveillance through the Italian spontaneous ADR reporting database.MethodsA case by case analysis was performed. Reports codified with the System Organ Class (SOC) term ‘urinary system disorders’ of the ADR terminology of the World Health Organization associated with dronedarone treatment were selected.ResultsOut of 124 069 ADR reports, in 55 of them dronedarone was listed as the suspected drug. Among these reports, we identified four cases of ARF, two of RF and three cases of increase of blood creatinine submitted by physicians between October 2010 and December 2011. The patient age was from 61 to 84 years and most cases occurred within the first 13 days of initiation of dronedarone therapy (range 6 days – 2 months). Only one patient received a co‐suspected drug labelled for causing ARF. In all reports but one, positive dechallenge was reported.ConclusionsClinicians should be made aware of the risk of ARF/RF associated with dronedarone and of the need to screen patients appropriately for ARF/RF risk factors before starting dronedarone therapy.
Vitamin D3 supplementation scheme in HIV‐infected patients based upon pharmacokinetic modelling of 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol
Authors: Foissac Frantz , Tréluyer Jean‐Marc , Souberbielle Jean‐Claude , Rostane Hafeda , Urien Saïk , Viard Jean‐Paul 
Published: October 2012

AimsVitamin D deficiency is prevalent in HIV‐infected patients and has been associated with osteopenia and HIV disease progression. Our aims were to investigate the pharmacokinetics of 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D], the effect of antiretroviral treatment (ARV) and others factors that may influence the pharmacokinetics, and to determine a vitamin D3 dosing scheme to reach the 30 ng ml−1 threshold (defined as 25(OH)D sufficiency).MethodsThis monocentric retrospective study included 422 HIV‐infected patients aged 16 to 85 years. A total of 723 25(OH)D concentrations were available for pharmacokinetic evaluation and a population pharmacokinetic model was developed with MONOLIX 3.2.ResultsMedian 25(OH)D at baseline was 16 ng ml−1 (interquartile range 11–23 ng ml−1) for the total population, 17% of patient had concentrations below 10 ng ml−1, 68% between 10 and 30 ng ml−1 and 15% above 30 ng ml−1. 25(OH)D pharmacokinetics were best described by a one compartment model with an additional endogenous production. The effects of season and skin phototype were significant on production rate. The endogenous production was 20% lower in non‐white skin phototype patients and was decreased by 16% during autumn, winter and spring. No significant differences in 25(OH)D concentrations were related to antiretroviral drugs (ARV). To obtain concentrations between 30 and 80 ng ml−1, the dosing recommendation was 100 000 IU every month.ConclusionsSeason and skin phototype had an influence on the endogenous production of 25(OH)D. However no effect of ARV was found. A dosing scheme to reach sufficient 25(OH)D concentrations is proposed.
Statistical tools for dose individualization of mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus co‐administered during the first month after renal transplantation
Authors: Musuamba Flora T. , Mourad Michel , Haufroid Vincent , De Meyer Martine , Capron Arnaud , Delattre Isabelle K. , Verbeeck Roger K. , Wallemacq Pierre 
Published: October 2012

AimTo predict simultaneously the area under the concentration−time curve during one dosing interval [AUC(0,12 h)] for mycophenolic acid (MPA) and tacrolimus (TAC), when concomitantly used during the first month after transplantation, based on common blood samples.MethodsData were from two different sources, real patient pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles from 65 renal transplant recipients and 9000 PK profiles simulated from previously published models on MPA or TAC in the first month after transplantation. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and Bayesian estimation using optimal samples were performed to predict MPA and TAC AUC(0,12 h) based on two concentrations.ResultsThe following models were retained: AUC(0,12 h) = 16.5 + 4.9 × C1.5 + 6.7 × C3.5 (r2 = 0.82, rRMSE = 9%, with simulations and r2 = 0.66, rRMSE = 24%, with observed data) and AUC(0,12 h) = 24.3 + 5.9 × C1.5 + 12.2 × C3.5 (r2 = 0.94, rRMSE = 12.3%, with simulations r2 = 0.74, rRMSE = 15%, with observed data) for MPA and TAC, respectively. In addition, Bayesian estimators were developed including parameter values from final models and values of concentrations at 1.5 and 3.5 h after dose. Good agreement was found between predicted and reference AUC(0,12 h) values: r2 = 0.90, rRMSE = 13% and r2 = 0.97, rRMSE = 5% with simulations for MPA and TAC, respectively and r2 = 0.75, rRMSE = 11% and r2 = 0.83, rRMSE = 7% with observed data for MPA and TAC, respectively.ConclusionStatistical tools were developed for simultaneous MPA and TAC therapeutic drug monitoring. They can be incorporated in computer programs for patient dose individualization.
The latent factor structure of acute stress disorder following bank robbery: Testing alternative models in light of the pending DSM‐5
Authors: Hansen Maj , Lasgaard Mathias , Elklit Ask 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveAcute stress disorder (ASD) was introduced into the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) to identify posttraumatic stress reactions occurring within the first month after a trauma and thus help to identify victims at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Since its introduction, research into ASD has focused on the prediction of PTSD, whereas only a few studies have investigated the latent structure of ASD. Results of the latter have been mixed. In light of the current proposal for the ASD diagnosis in the pending DSM‐5, there is a profound need for empirical studies that investigate the latent structure of ASD prior to the DSM‐5 being finalized.DesignBased on previous factor analytic research, the DSM‐IV, and the proposed DSM‐5 formulation of ASD, four different models of the latent structure of ASD were specified and estimated.MethodThe analyses were based on a national study of bank robbery victims (N = 450) using the acute stress disorder scale.ResultsThe results of the confirmatory factor analyses showed that the DSM‐IV model provided the best fit to the data. Thus, the present study suggests that the latent structure of ASD may best be characterized according to the four‐factor DSM‐IV model of ASD (i.e., dissociation, re‐experiencing, avoidance, and arousal) following exposure to bank robbery.ConclusionsThe results are pertinent in light of the pending DSM‐5 and add to the debate about the conceptualization of ASD.Practitioner Points

The present study supports the DSM‐IV conceptualization of ASD and thus underlines the need of further research into the ASD structure before the launching of the DSM‐5.
Clinical theory and practice may be affected in several ways if future research, such as this study, fails to support the proposed structure of ASD in the DSM‐5 and new proposals of ASD in the DSM‐5 are not set forward and tested.
Treatment of acute posttraumatic symptoms will likely become less effective if it focuses on an imprecise conceptualization of ASD.
Although possible, it seems unlikely that the results of the present study may simply reflect properties of the ASDS rather than the ASD diagnosis, because the DSM‐IV model has been supported in prior studies using both a diagnostic interview and the ASDS.
The results of the present study are based on bank robbery victims and thus should be generalized to other trauma populations with caution.