bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lock Cohorting
Authors: Dice David , Marathe Virendra J. , Shavit Nir 
Published: February 2015

Multicore machines are quickly shifting to NUMA and CC-NUMA architectures, making scalable NUMA-aware locking algorithms, ones that take into account the machine's nonuniform memory and caching hierarchy, ever more important. This article presents
lock cohorting
, a general new technique for designing NUMA-aware locks that is as simple as it is powerful.

Lock cohorting allows one to transform any spin-lock algorithm, with minimal nonintrusive changes,into a scalable NUMA-aware spin-lock. Our new cohorting technique allows us to easily create NUMA-aware versions of the TATAS-Backoff, CLH, MCS, and ticket locks, to name a few. Moreover, it allows us to derive a CLH-based cohort abortable lock, the first NUMA-aware queue lock to support abortability.
We empirically compared the performance of cohort locks with prior NUMA-aware and classic NUMA-oblivious locks on a synthetic micro-benchmark, a real world key-value store application memcached, as well as the libc memory allocator. Our results demonstrate that cohort locks perform as well or better than known locks when the load is low and significantly out-perform them as the load increases.
Safety evaluation on low-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starch for volume expansion therapy in pediatric patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Lixia , Li Yongyang , Xu Xiaoxing , Xu Bo , Ren Rongrong , Liu Yan , Zhang Jian , He Bin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) has been widely used for volume expansion, but its safety in adult patients has been questioned recently. The aim of this meta-analysis is to see whether or not HES has any adverse effect in pediatric patients.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving pediatric patients who received 6% low-molecular-weight HES, published before January 2014, were searched for in Pubmed, Embase database and Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently extracted the valid data, including the mortality, renal function, coagulation, blood loss, hemodynamic changes, and length of hospital and ICU stay. All data were analyzed by I2-test, and the results of statistical analysis were displayed in forest plots. Possible publication bias was tested by funnel plots. Bayesian analysis was performed using WinBUGS with fixed and random effects models.

Results
A total of 13 RCTs involving 1,156 pediatric patients were finally included in this meta-analysis. Compared with other fluids, HES did not significantly decrease the mortality (RR = -0.01; 95%CI: 0.05 to 0.03; P = 0.54; I2 = 6%), creatinine level (I2-test: MD = 1.81; 95%CI: -0.35 to 3.98; P = 0.10;I2 = 0%; Bayesian analysis: Fixed effect model MD = 1.77; 95%CI: -0.07 to 3.6; Random effects model MD = 1.78; 95%CI: -1.86 to 5.33), activated partial thromboplastin time (MD = 0.01; 95%CI: -1.05 to 1.07; P = 0.99; I2 = 42%), and blood loss (MD = 17.72; 95%CI: -41.27 to 5.82; P = 0.10; I2 = 0%) in pediatric patients. However, HES significantly decreased the blood platelet count (MD = 20.99; 95%CI: -32.08 to -9.90; P = 0.0002; I2 = 28%) and increased the length of ICU stay (MD = 0.94; 95%CI: 0.18 to 1.70; P = 0.02; I2 = 46%).

Conclusions
Volume expansion with 6% HES significantly decreased the platelet count and increased the length of ICU stay, also might have an adverse effect on renal function. Therefore HES is not recommended for pediatric patients, which safety needs more high quality RCTs and studies to confirm in future.
Separating the microbiome from the hyperbolome
Authors: Shanahan Fergus 
Published: February 2015

Editorial summaryMicrobiome-based therapies are moving quickly towards the clinic, with successes including fecal microbial transplants for recurring Clostridium difficile, hints of new antibiotics to come, and possible new microbial biomarkers for common complex diseases. Can the microbiome live up to its hype?
Patients with diabetic retinopathy have high retinal venous pressure
Authors: Cybulska-Heinrich Anna K , Baertschi Michael , Loesche Cay Christian , Schoetzau Andreas , Konieczka Katarzyna , Josifova Tatjana , Flammer Josef 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background
The introduction of ophthalmodynamometric measurement of retinal venous pressure (RVP) now permits the quantification, or at least an approximation, of the real pressure in the retinal veins.

Methods
We measured the RVP of healthy control subjects, patients with diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (nonDR) and patients with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Results
The mean ± SD RVP for the control, nonDR and DR groups were 23.4 ± 7.33, 22.5 ± 5.78 and 37.7 ± 10.1 mmHg, respectively. In the diabetes patients with DR, the RVP was markedly and significantly increased, and this result was significantly age dependent. RVP was not increased in the group of diabetes patients without DR. In our tested population, diabetes had a minor influence on intraocular pressure.

Conclusion
Regardless of the cause, a marked increase in RVP in diabetes patients with DR is clinically relevant, as it reduces perfusion pressure and increases transmural pressure. The reduced perfusion pressure contributes to hypoxia, and the increased transmural pressure can facilitate retinal edema.
Diabetes is an increasing burden, and DR is one of its most severe complications. Strategies to recognize the risk for DR and to develop personalized prevention and therapy therefore have major implications.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01771835.
Modeling, metrics, and optimal design for solar energy-powered base station system
Authors: Wang Heng , Li Hongjia , Tang Chaowei , Ye Lingbao , Chen Xin , Tang Hui , Ci Song 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Using renewable energy system in powering cellular base stations (BSs) has been widely accepted as a promising avenue to reduce and optimize energy consumption and corresponding carbon footprints and operational expenditures for 4G and beyond cellular communications. However, how to design a reliable and economical renewable energy powering (REPing), while guaranteeing communication reliability, renewable energy utilization, and system durability, is still a great challenge. Motivated by this challenge, we firstly model the dynamic energy flow behavior of solar energy-powered BS by using stochastic queue model, jointly considering instability of solar energy generation, non-linear effects of energy storage, and time varies of traffic load. On the basis of the model, three key performance metrics, including service outage probability (SoP), solar energy utilization efficiency (SEuE), and mean depth of discharge (MDoD), are defined, and close-form expressions of them are derived. Finally, under the guidelines of defined metrics, the sizing optimization problem is formulated, and then we propose the capital expenditure (CAPEX) minimization algorithm to resolve it with considerations of communication reliability, efficiency, and durability. Numerical results conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed metrics vividly showed the close relationship between design metrics and system parameters. Simulation results also showed that our proposed algorithm can reduce at least 12.1% CAPEX compared with the classic algorithms and guarantee SoP below 0.82%, SEuE above 97%, and MDoD ranging from 7.2% to 9.1%, which means that the optimal design was achieved in terms of system reliability, efficiency, durability, and investment. The proposed modeling, design metrics, and sizing method provide a theoretical basis for actual designs of REPing BS system, which also can be further applied to the scenario of other forms of renewable energy powered system.
On monotone contraction mappings in modular function spaces
Authors: Alfuraidan Monther R , Bachar Mostafa , Khamsi Mohamed A 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe prove the existence of fixed points of monotone-contraction mappings in modular function spaces. This is the modular version of the Ran and Reurings fixed point theorem. We also discus the extension of these results to the case of pointwise monotone-contraction mappings in modular function spaces.
Coupled best proximity point theorems for α-ψ-proximal contractive multimaps
Authors: Nantadilok Jamnian 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we establish coupled best proximity point theorems for multivalued mappings. Our results extend some recent results by Ali et al. (Abstr. Appl. Anal. 2014:181598, 2014) as well as other results in the literature. We also give examples to support our main results.
A service oriented broker-based approach for dynamic resource discovery in virtual networks
Authors: Rabah Sleiman , El Barachi May , Kara Nadjia , Dssouli Rachida , Paquet Joey 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In the past few years, the concept of network virtualization has received significant attention from industry and research fora. This concept applies virtualization to networking infrastructures by enabling the dynamic creation of several co-existing logical network instances (or virtual networks) over a shared physical network infrastructure (or substrate network). Due to the potential it offers in terms of diversifying existing networks and ensuring the co-existence of heterogeneous network architectures on top of shared substrates, network virtualization is often considered as an enabler of a polymorphic Internet and a cornerstone of the future Internet architecture. One of the challenges associated with the network virtualization concept is the description, publication, and discovery of virtual resources that can be composed to form virtual networks. To achieve those tasks, there is a need for an expressive information model facilitating information representation and sharing, as well as an efficient resource publication and discovery framework. In this paper, we propose a service oriented, broker-based framework for virtual resource description, publication, and discovery. This framework relies on a novel service-oriented hierarchical business model and an expressive information model for resources/services description. The detailed framework’s architecture is presented, and its operation is illustrated using a REST-based content distribution scenario. Furthermore, a proof-of-concept prototype implementation realized using various technologies/tools (e.g. Jersey, JAXB, PostgreSQL, and Xen cloud platform) is presented along with a detailed performance analysis of the system. When compared to existing virtual resource discovery frameworks, our broker-based virtual resource discovery framework offers signification performance improvements of the virtual resources’ discovery operation, in terms of response time (92.8% improvement) and incurred network load (77.3% improvement), when dealing with multiple resource providers. Furthermore, relying on a broker as intermediary role simplifies the resources’ discovery and selection operations, and improves the overall efficiency of the virtual network embedding process.
Artemia salina as a model organism in toxicity assessment of nanoparticles
Authors: Rajabi Somayeh , Ramazani Ali , Hamidi Mehrdad , Naji Tahereh 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background
Because of expanding presence of nanomaterials, there has been an increase in the exposure of humans to nanoparticles that is why nanotoxicology studies are important. A number of studies on the effects of nanomatrials in in vitro and in vivo systems have been published. Currently cytotoxicity of different nanoparticles is assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on different cell lines to determine cell viability, a tedious and expensive method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Artemia salina test in comparison with the MTT assay in the assessment of cytotoxicity of nanostructures because the former method is more rapid and convenient and less expensive.

Methods
At the first stage, toxicity of different nanoparticles with different concentrations (1.56–400 μg/mL) was measured by means of the brine shrimp lethality test. At the second stage, the effect of nanoparticles on the viability of the L929 cell line was assessed using the MTT assay. Experiments were conducted with each concentration in triplicate.

Results
The results obtained from both tests (A. salina test and MTT assay) did not have statistically significant differences (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the A. salina test may expedite toxicity experiments and decrease costs, and therefore, may be considered an alternative to the in vitro cell culture assay.
Impact of childhood trauma and affective temperament on resilience in bipolar disorder
Authors: Kesebir Sermin , Ünübol Başak , Tatlıdil Yaylacı Elif , Gündoğar Duru , Ünübol Hüseyin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate whether childhood trauma (CT) and affective temperament have an impact on resilience in bipolar patients.MethodsOne hundred cases with bipolar disorder (BD) diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) were evaluated consecutively in their euthymic period during outpatient follow-up interviews. Diagnostic interviews were done with SCID-I, affective temperament was evaluated with the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire, and resilience was evaluated with the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA). The presence of CT was determined and measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).ResultsAmong the bipolar patients, it was found that 35 cases (35%) were CT+. Depressive, cyclothymic, and anxious temperament scores were higher in CT+ cases. However, resilience scores were higher in CT− cases. In bipolar patients with and without childhood trauma, the relationship between temperament and resilience appears to be different. A negative relation between sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and anxious temperament scores and resilience scores was shown in regression analysis.ConclusionsCT and affective temperament both have an impact on resilience in bipolar patients.
Oncolytic activity of reovirus in HPV positive and negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cooper Timothy , Biron Vincent L , Fast David , Tam Raymond , Carey Thomas , Shmulevitz Maya , Seikaly Hadi 
Published: February 2015

Background The management of patients with advanced stages of head and neck cancer requires a multidisciplinary and multimodality treatment approach which includes a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. These toxic treatment protocols have significantly improved survival outcomes in a distinct population of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal cancer. HPV negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a challenge to treat because there is only a modest improvement in survival with the present treatment regimens, requiring innovative and new treatment approaches. Oncolytic viruses used as low toxicity adjunct cancer therapies are novel, potentially effective treatments for HNSCC. One such oncolytic virus is Respiratory Orphan Enteric virus or reovirus. Susceptibility of HNSCC cells towards reovirus infection and reovirus-induced cell death has been previously demonstrated but has not been compared in HPV positive and negative HNSCC cell lines. Objectives To compare the infectivity and oncolytic activity of reovirus in HPV positive and negative HNSCC cell lines. Methods Seven HNSCC cell lines were infected with serial dilutions of reovirus. Two cell lines (UM-SCC-47 and UM-SCC-104) were positive for type 16 HPV. Infectivity was measured using a cell-based ELISA assay 18 h after infection. Oncolytic activity was determined using an alamar blue viability assay 96 h after infection. Non-linear regression models were used to calculate the amounts of virus required to infect and to cause cell death in 50% of a given cell line (EC50). EC50 values were compared. Results HPV negative cells were more susceptible to viral infection and oncolysis compared to HPV positive cell lines. EC50 for infectivity at 18 h ranged from multiplicity of infection (MOI) values (PFU/cell) of 18.6 (SCC-9) to 3133 (UM-SCC 104). EC50 for cell death at 96 h ranged from a MOI (PFU/cell) of 1.02×102 (UM-SCC-14A) to 3.19×108 (UM-SCC-47). There was a 3×106 fold difference between the least susceptible cell line (UM-SCC-47) and the most susceptible line (UM-SCC 14A) EC50 for cell death at 96 h. Conclusions HPV negative HNSCC cell lines appear to demonstrate greater reovirus infectivity and virus-mediated oncolysis compared to HPV positive HNSCC. Reovirus shows promise as a novel therapy in HNSCC, and may be of particular benefit in HPV negative patients.
Deep learning applications and challenges in big data analytics
Authors: Najafabadi Maryam M , Villanustre Flavio , Khoshgoftaar Taghi M , Seliya Naeem , Wald Randall , Muharemagic Edin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBig Data Analytics and Deep Learning are two high-focus of data science. Big Data has become important as many organizations both public and private have been collecting massive amounts of domain-specific information, which can contain useful information about problems such as national intelligence, cyber security, fraud detection, marketing, and medical informatics. Companies such as Google and Microsoft are analyzing large volumes of data for business analysis and decisions, impacting existing and future technology. Deep Learning algorithms extract high-level, complex abstractions as data representations through a hierarchical learning process. Complex abstractions are learnt at a given level based on relatively simpler abstractions formulated in the preceding level in the hierarchy. A key benefit of Deep Learning is the analysis and learning of massive amounts of unsupervised data, making it a valuable tool for Big Data Analytics where raw data is largely unlabeled and un-categorized. In the present study, we explore how Deep Learning can be utilized for addressing some important problems in Big Data Analytics, including extracting complex patterns from massive volumes of data, semantic indexing, data tagging, fast information retrieval, and simplifying discriminative tasks. We also investigate some aspects of Deep Learning research that need further exploration to incorporate specific challenges introduced by Big Data Analytics, including streaming data, high-dimensional data, scalability of models, and distributed computing. We conclude by presenting insights into relevant future works by posing some questions, including defining data sampling criteria, domain adaptation modeling, defining criteria for obtaining useful data abstractions, improving semantic indexing, semi-supervised learning, and active learning.
Systolic left ventricular function is preserved during therapeutic hypothermia, also during increases in heart rate with impaired diastolic filling
Authors: Kerans Viesturs , Espinoza Andreas , Skulstad Helge , Halvorsen Per Steinar , Edvardsen Thor , Bugge Jan Frederik 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background
Systolic left ventricular function during therapeutic hypothermia is found both to improve and to decline. We hypothesized that this discrepancy would depend on the heart rate and the variables used to assess systolic function.

Methods
In 16 pigs, cardiac performance was assessed by measurements of invasive pressures and thermodilution cardiac output and with 2D strain echocardiography. Left ventricle (LV) volumes, ejection fraction (EF), transmitral flow, and circumferential and longitudinal systolic strain were measured. Miniaturized ultrasonic transducers were attached to the epicardium of the LV to obtain M-mode images, systolic thickening, and diastolic thinning velocities and to determine LV pressure-wall dimension relationships. Preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW) was calculated. Measurements were performed at 38 and 33°C at spontaneous and paced heart rates, successively increased in steps of 20 up to the toleration limit. Effects of temperature and heart rate were compared in a mixed model analysis.

Results
Hypothermia reduced heart rate from 87 ± 10 (SD) to 76 ± 11 beats/min without any changes in LV stroke volume, end-diastolic volume, EF, strain values, or PRSW. Systolic wall thickening velocity (S′) and early diastolic wall thinning velocity decreased by approximately 30%, making systolic duration longer through a prolonged and slow contraction and changing the diastolic filling pattern from predominantly early towards late. Pacing reduced diastolic duration much more during hypo- than during normothermia, and combined with slow myocardial relaxation, incomplete relaxation occurred with all pacing rates. Pacing did not affect S′ or PRSW at physiological heart rates, but stroke volume, end-diastolic volume, and strain were reduced as a consequence of reduced diastolic filling and much more accentuated during hypothermia. At the ultimate tolerable heart rate during hypothermia, S′ decreased, probably as a consequence of myocardial hypoperfusion due to sustained ventricular contraction throughout a very short diastole.

Conclusions
Systolic function was maintained at physiological heart rates during therapeutic hypothermia. Reduced tolerance to increases in heart rate was caused by lack of ventricular filling due to diastolic dysfunction and shorter diastolic duration.
An international study of how laboratories handle and evaluate patient samples after detecting an unexpected APTT prolongation
Authors: Ajzner Éva , Rogic Dunja , Meijer Piet , Kristoffersen Ann Helen , Carraro Paolo , Sozmen Eser , Faria Ana Paula , Sandberg Sverre , on behalf of the joint Working Grou  
Published: February 2015

AbstractAn unexpectedly detected prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) can be a harmless laboratory finding, but can also reflect a thrombotic tendency or a bleeding disorder. The assistance of laboratory professionals in the interpretation of an unexpectedly detected prolonged APTT (uAPTT) is often required. The way in which uAPTTs are evaluated in laboratories was assessed in this international study with the aim of determining whether laboratory professionals are able to fulfill this need.Postanalytical practices after uAPTT were investigated and the mixing study methodology (if used) was studied by circulating a case report with a questionnaire to staff in the invited laboratories. In addition, the interpretations of those staff regarding the presence or absence of inhibitors in three APTT mixing study scenarios were examined.Large within- and between-country variations were detected in both postanalytical practices and mixing study methodologies among the 990 responding laboratories, 90% of which were in 13 countries. Shortcomings regarding the investigation of uAPTTs leading to potentially incorrect or delayed clinical diagnoses were found in 88% of the laboratories. Of the laboratories to which the interpretative questions were sent, 49% interpreted all mixing study scenarios correctly. uAPTTs were investigated appropriately and all mixing study scenarios interpreted correctly in parallel in only 9.6% of the participating laboratories.The clinical requirement for the assistance of laboratory professionals in the interpretation of uAPTTs cannot be met at most of the participating laboratories. Laboratory professionals should be trained in the evaluation of ordinary laboratory tests, such as that for uAPTTs.