bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of homopolypeptides with PPII structure
Authors: Martin Charlotte , Lebrun Aurélien , Martinez Jean , Cavelier Florine 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPolyprolines are attractive polymers because of their folding property into polyproline II (PPII) structure, their significance in protein/protein interactions, and their potential as new therapeutic targets. Silaproline (Sip) is an analogue of proline, which exhibits similar conformational properties. The presence of dimethylsilyl group confers to Sip a higher lipophilicity as well as an improved resistance to biodegradation. Enantiomerically pure Sip was available in gram quantities from resolution of the enantiomers by chiral high performance liquid chromatography. This study describes the first synthesis of Sip N‐carboxyanhydride (NCA) and shows preliminary results on comparison of polymerization of (l)Pro‐NCA and (d)Sip‐NCA to obtain homopolypeptides with PPII structure, polyproline, and polysilaproline polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3103–3109
Properties and characteristics of wet (HF) and dry (RIE) etched borosilicate glass
Authors: Blass J. , Köhler O. , Fingerle M. , Müller C. , Ziegler C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWet and dry etching methods were used to physically modify the surface of borosilicate glass for further measurements in roughness‐induced protein adsorption. The etching parameters determine the roughness of the glass surface while other parameters are not significantly changed. To exclude a chemical alteration of the surface, the isoelectric points, contact angles, and surface energies were analyzed before and after the etching process.
Formation of the magnetic fractal structure in CoSiO2 granular nanocomposite system at percolation threshold
Authors: Dokukin E. B. , Erhan R. V. , Islamov A. Kh. , Dokukin M. E. , Perov N. S. , Gan'shina E. A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMagnetic and structural properties of (Co)x(SiO2)1 − x nanocomposite systems have been investigated over a wide range of Co concentrations using small‐angle neutron scattering in combination with magnetic, magneto‐optic, and magneto‐transport characterization. It was found that in the region of structural percolation , the characteristics of magnetically correlated clusters are several times larger than the structural size of Co granules. Starting from the percolation point, the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoclusters can be described by the surface fractal model. With further growth of cobalt concentration x ≥ 0.67 the formation of three‐dimensional (3D) magnetic domains with typical sizes of 1.5 μm was observed.
Ferroelectricity from iron valence ordering in rare earth ferrites?
Authors: Angst Manuel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe possibility of multiferroicity arising from charge ordering in LuFe2O4 and structurally related rare earth ferrites is reviewed. Recent experimental work on macroscopic indications of ferroelectricity and microscopic determination of coupled spin and charge order indicates that this scenario does not hold. Understanding the origin of the experimentally observed charge and spin order will require further theoretical work. Other aspects of recent research in these materials, such as geometrical frustration effects, possible electric‐field‐induced transitions, or orbital order are also briefly treated.magnified imageBilayer subunit in R Fe2O4 compounds with proposed charge order rendering it polar.(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS IN SEMI‐REGULATED AND UNREGULATED RIVERS USING A FLEXIBLE FRAMEWORK: CASE STUDIES FROM TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Bobbi C. J. , Warfe D. M. , Hardie S. A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTDespite the many methodologies available for undertaking environmental flow assessments, there are few published examples of environmental flow recommendations that arise from those assessments, and even fewer that evaluate their implementation. This is somewhat surprising considering environmental flow recommendations are effectively testable hypotheses of flow‐ecology responses. We describe a framework to guide the assessment and recommendation of environmental flow regimes in Tasmania, Australia, where environmental values are highly catchment specific and rivers are largely semi‐regulated or unregulated. This means that environmental flows must be focussed on setting water use thresholds to prevent degradation in condition, rather than delivering water to restore condition. The framework retains the philosophy and elements of many other methodologies but differs by having the flexibility to support application across different catchments while catering for catchment‐specific issues. We present two case studies that demonstrate the application of our Framework, its use in the development of scientifically defensible environmental flow recommendations, and their implementation in catchment water management plans. The strengths of the Framework are: (i) using specific ecosystem values to define and communicate the objectives of environmental flows; (ii) using a non‐prescriptive and flexible approach to incorporate catchment‐specific issues; and (iii) framing recommendations in a manner that clearly illustrates flow linkages with ecosystem values so that stakeholders and managers understand the risks associated with water abstraction. Our experience demonstrates the imperative that scientists are not only involved in water planning but also in the implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of plans so that the benefits of adaptive management can be realized. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Evolution of Inclusions in Ti‐Bearing Al‐Deoxidized Molten Irons at 1873 K
Authors: Wang Deyong , Jiang Maofa , Matsuura Hiroyuki , Tsukihashi Fumitaka 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTo study the evolution of inclusions in Ti‐bearing Al‐deoxidized steel, four types of molten irons with different Al and Ti contents were prepared. Subsequently, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high‐temperature confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) were used to investigate the dynamic process of inclusions in the samples. The CSLM showed that Al2O3 inclusions strongly attracted each other and agglomerated easily. In high‐Al and high‐Ti melt, although inclusion clusters were frequently observed, its number and size were small. The Al–Ti–O cluster appeared much denser, unlike the Al2O3 cluster, which had loose structure. In high‐Al and low‐Ti melt, the number of inclusions was large, whereas their size was small. Collision among small inclusions was not observed, possibly because the trace of Ti addition accelerated the dispersion of inclusions. In low‐Al and high‐Ti melt, typical inclusions of Al–Ti–N–O were observed, and they always had irregular or bar‐like shapes or form a cluster. The bar‐like inclusion was found to adhere easily to a cluster via bridging or packing. In low‐Al and low‐Ti melt, only small amount of inclusions were observed. The inclusions presented nearly spherical in shape, and few cluster could be seen. In addition, the phenomenon of collision and agglomeration among the inclusions was never observed.
Study on Inclusions in Wire Rod of Tire Cord Steel by Means of Electrolysis of Wire Rod
Authors: Yan Wei , Xu Hong‐cheng , Chen Wei‐qing 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe wire rod electrolysis is an extraction approach of inclusions in wire rod based on non‐aqueous solution electrolysis, which can extract large‐size inclusions (>20 µm) from Φ5.5 mm wire rod even about Φ0.22 mm cord wire. Analysis and study on large‐size inclusions in tire cord steel from domestic and overseas steel plants were carried out by wire rod electrolysis, the study shows that the sizes of inclusions in wire rod of tire cord steel are far larger than those observed by metallographic microscope or scanning electron microscopy. Eighty percent large‐size inclusions in wire rod come from the involvement of reaction products of mold fluxes or refractories. Further study according to electrolysis of wire rod and cord wire presents that reaction products containing K and Na of mold fluxes and refractories are brittle and easy to break into more small inclusions. Wire broken during drawing process is mainly caused by large‐size and high‐hardness Al2O3 inclusions, inclusions containing high content MgO from reaction products of mold fluxes and refractories, and Ti(CN) inclusions.
Using SDO EVE data as a proxy for GOES XRS B 1–8 angstrom
Authors: Hock Rachel A. , Woodraska Don , Woods Thomas N. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSolar soft X‐ray irradiance measured by the GOES X‐Ray Sensor (XRS) is a critical measurement for space weather operations. At present, there is a primary GOES XRS operating with a second XRS in storage on orbit. This configuration results in gaps in critical observational coverage when the primary XRS is nonoperational such as during satellite maneuvers and during the spring and fall eclipse seasons. EUV Variability Experiment (EVE) on NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory provides near–real‐time measurements of the solar soft X‐ray irradiances at wavelengths similar to XRS. This study examines the accuracy in using EVE data as a proxy for GOES XRS. Using EVE data, we develop three different solar irradiance index models, which are then tested to determine how well they predict the XRS irradiances and magnitude (GOES class) of solar flares. The best performing index model has been implemented in Version 3 of EVE data and is publicly available within minimal latency through the EVE Science Processing and Operations Center.
Management and consumer transformation in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
Authors: Shama Avraham , Matesova Jana , Mellár Tamás , Radomski Bogdan , Sementsov Sergey 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study centers on the transformation of management and the consumer in the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland. Carried out in collaboration with scholars in these countries, the study outlines the impact of the transformation to a market economy on managers and consumers, and discusses the adjustments which managers and consumers have been making in response to new economic realities. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quality improvement programs: Tools for international competitive advantage
Authors: Mahmoud Essam , Rice Gillian , Anders Gary 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThere is growing concern about the long‐run success of U.S. industries in the face of increasing foreign competition. Product quality is a strategic business issue. In an effort to gain competitive advantage, some firms are implementing organization‐wide quality training programs. Many firms have still to recognize the benefits of a quality orientation, however. This article examines how quality programs are implemented in organizations. It considers factors leading to success in developing a quality orientation and compares the Japanese and American approaches. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Organizational and environmental impact on the use of Japanese‐style HRM policies in Japanese firms in the U.S.
Authors: Yang John Zhuang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis survey investigates the extent of Japanese‐style HRM that is being adopted in Japanese‐owned firms in the U.S. It focuses on organizational and environmental factors that influence the design and use of Japanese‐style HRM policies in Japanese firms in the U.S. Preliminary results show that there is no single model of Japanese HRM in the U.S. Contextual factors in terms of firm size, firm age, firm type, union status firm location, corporate culture, and the degree of parent control all influence the use of Japanese‐style HRM policies and practices in the U.S.© 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Political instability and capital flight: An application of event study methodology
Authors: Fatehi Kamal , Gupta Manoj 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe relationship between capital flight and political instability is investigated by using the event study methodology, which is widely used in the finance literature. The advantage of using this method is that by isolating specific instances of political instability (defined as events), one can examine the relationship more closely. An index of political instability is calculated using data on intranation political developments from the Conflict and Peace Data Bank (COPDAB). For our sample, we get mixed results, probably because the “event” could not be defined very precisely due to the volatile nature of the political index.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Ferrocenyl‐NHC ­Palladium Complexes
Authors: He Pan , Du Yufeng , Wang Shuzhan , Cao Changsheng , Wang Xiaojun , Pang Guangsheng , Shi Yanhui 
Published: April 2013

Abstractpalladium complexes of ferrocenyl‐functionalized N‐heterocyclic carbenes with different substituents were synthesized. The molecular structures of selected complexes were determined by X‐ray diffraction and show a pseudo‐square‐planar structure with a central palladium atom surrounded by carbene, pyridine, and two chloride ligands. The influence of the different substituents on the structure and reactivity of the complexes was studied. The catalytic properties of the complexes were investigated in the Larock indolization reactions of 2‐bromoanilines with diphenylacetylene. Their performances slightly varied in this reaction, but the complex with mesityl substituent showed the best activity.
Room Temperature Synthesis and Crystal Structure of mer‐[MoBr3Py3], the Vibrational Spectra of mer‐[MoBr3Py3], mer‐[MoI3Py3] and trans,trans‐[MoBr2Py4][MoBr4Py2]
Authors: Veryasov Gleb , Goreshnik Evgeny , Jesih Adolf 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe reaction of MoBr3 and pyridine at room temperature provided single crystals of mer‐[MoX3Py3]. mer‐[MoBr3Py3] crystallizes in P21/n monoclinic space group with cell dimensions a = 9.2297(5) Å, b = 12.911(8) Å, c = 15.7022(9) Å and β = 90.479(3)°. There are four formula units in a unit cell. Mo–N distances are in the range 2.196(8)–2.214(8) Å and Mo–Br distances are 2.573(1) Å and 2.574(1) Å. Fundamental vibrational frequencies of pyridine molecules are strongly affected upon coordination in all three coordination compounds: mer‐[MoBr3Py3], mer‐[MoI3Py3] and trans,trans‐[MoBr2Py4][MoBr4Py2].
The Impact of the Lymph Node Ratio is Greater than Traditional Lymph Node Status in Stage III Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Lu Yen‐Jung , Lin Pei‐Ching , Lin Chun‐Chi , Wang Huann‐Sheng , Yang Shung‐Haur , Jiang Jeng‐Kai , Lan Yuan‐Tzu , Lin Tzu‐Chen , Liang Wen‐Yi , Chen Wei‐Shone , Lin Jen‐Kou , Chang Shih‐Ching 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic value of nodal status in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients may be influenced by the total number of lymph nodes (LNs) harvested. This study evaluates the impact of LN ratio (LNR) on CRC patients’ outcome.MethodsA total of 612 stage III CRC patients who underwent curative‐intent surgery between 2004 and 2008 were enrolled. The measured end point was postoperative disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsThe metastatic LN numbers were significantly higher in patients with more than 12 LN harvested (4.6 ± 5.81 vs. 2.7 ± 1.97, P < 0.001). The mean LNR was 22.9 ± 20 % (range = 2–100 %, median = 16.7 %). As the cutoff value of LNR was set above 17 %, the impact of the LNR on 5‐year DFS became statistically significant. In univariate analysis, the 5‐year DFS and OS for patients with high‐LNR tumors was 54.4 and 57.3 %, respectively, significantly lower than those for patients with low‐LNR tumors (72.8 and 76.4 %; P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the independent factors affecting the 5‐year DFS and OS were tumor depth, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and LNR.ConclusionThe LNR, set at the median value or 17 %, could be an independent prognostic factor for stage III CRC patients.
Fermentation and downstream process for high yield production of Plasmodium falciparum recombinant HRP II protein and its application in diagnosis
Authors: Singh Anil K , Athmaram T N , Shrivastava Saurabh , Merwyn S , Agarwal G S , Gopalan N 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Malaria represents the world’s greatest public health problem in terms of number of people affected, levels of morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. Malaria parasites are members of the Apicomplexa, family of Plasmodiidae. Histidine-rich protein-II secreted by Plasmodium falciparum is known to be a compelling marker in malaria diagnosis and follow-up. In our present study, we have optimized the batch fermentation and downstream process for large scale production of recombinant P. falciparum HRP-II 62 kDa protein for diagnostic application. The culture broth was effectively induced with IPTG twice at different time intervals to sustain induction for a long period. Batch fermentation resulted in a wet weight of 61.34 g/L and dry cell biomass 12.81 g/L. With the improved downstream process, purified recombinant protein had a yield of 304.60 mg/L. The authenticity of the purified recombinant protein was confirmed via western blotting using indigenously developed HRP-II specific monoclonal antibodies and known positive human clinical sera samples. Further, the reactivity of recombinant HRP-II protein was validated using commercially available immuno chromatographic strips. Indirect ELISA using recombinant purified protein recognized the P. falciparum specific antibodies in suspected human sera samples. Our results clearly suggest that the recombinant HRP-II protein produced via batch fermentation has immense potential for routine diagnostic application.
Blood–brain barrier structure and function and the challenges for CNS drug delivery
Authors: Abbott N. Joan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) require precise control of their bathing microenvironment for optimal function, and an important element in this control is the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is formed by the endothelial cells lining the brain microvessels, under the inductive influence of neighbouring cell types within the ‘neurovascular unit’ (NVU) including astrocytes and pericytes. The endothelium forms the major interface between the blood and the CNS, and by a combination of low passive permeability and presence of specific transport systems, enzymes and receptors regulates molecular and cellular traffic across the barrier layer. A number of methods and models are available for examining BBB permeationin vivoandin vitro, and can give valuable information on the mechanisms by which therapeutic agents and constructs permeate, ways to optimize permeation, and implications for drug discovery, delivery and toxicity. For treating lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), models can be included that mimic aspects of the disease, including genetically‐modified animals, andin vitromodels can be used to examine the effects of cells of the NVU on the BBB under pathological conditions. For testing CNS drug delivery, severalin vitromodels now provide reliable prediction of penetration of drugs including large molecules and artificial constructs with promising potential in treating LSDs. For many of these diseases it is still not clear how best to deliver appropriate drugs to the CNS, and a concerted approach using a variety of models and methods can give critical insights and indicate practical solutions.
Cellular localization of NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Wang Yan , Yang Chen , Mao Kairui , Chen Shuzhen , Meng Guangxun , Sun Bing 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInflammasome is a large protein complex activated upon cellular stress or microbial infection, which triggers maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 through caspase-1 activation. Nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) is the most characterized inflammasome activated by various stimuli. However, the mechanism of its activation is unclear and its exact cellular localization is still unknown. We examined the potential co-localization of NLRP3 inflammasome with mitochondria and seven other organelles under adenosine triphosphate, nigericin or monosodium urate stimulation in mouse peritoneal macrophages using confocal microscopy approach. Our results revealed that the activated endogenous apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) pyroptosome forms in the cytoplasm and co-localizes with NLRP3 and caspase-1, but not with any of the organelles screened. This study indicates that the ASC pyroptosome universally localizes within the cytoplasm rather than with any specific organelles.
Code of behaviour at sea: women seafarers’ shipboard identity management
Authors: Kitada Momoko 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The employment of women on cargo ships, particularly at officer’s level, is paid more attention in order to supplement the shortage of qualified officers. However, seafaring jobs are still overwhelmingly dominated by men, and there seems to be gender-related challenges for women in such work environment. Women seafarers in this research are those who work in the ship operational sections on cargo ships as deck officers, engineers or radio officers. A total of 36 female and 8 male seafarers from eight different countries participated in the project and shared their experiences of working on board ships. The research revealed that the occupational culture of seafaring often reflects masculine norms and values which could affect women seafarers’ behaviour and attitudes. This paper further explores how women manage such situations on board by utilising various strategies in order to avoid gender-related problems. This study identifies a typical pattern of women seafarers’ identity management and creates a model of women’s strategic shifting patterns over time.
The specifics of ferromanganese ore formation on the submarine Vityaz’ Ridge (Pacific slope of the Kuril island arc)
Authors: Astakhova N.V. , Lelikov E.P. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
We present data on the location, chemical composition, and contents of trace elements in thin ferromanganese crusts at two sites of the submarine Vityaz’ Ridge: Diana and Bussol’ test grounds. The crusts abound in inclusions of grains of nonferrous (Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, Ni, W) and noble (Au, Ag, Pd, Pt) metals in the form of native elements, sulfides, sulfates, oxides, or intermetallic compounds. The crusts at the Diana test ground contain mainly grains of nonferrous-metal minerals, and those at the Bussol’ test ground, mainly noble-metal minerals. There are also sites with Ni-rich (up to 3.5%) manganese crust. A detailed study of the ore crusts from the Vityaz’ Ridge showed that they are probably at the initial stage of formation.
stripe lasers for high-power fiber coupled pump modules
Authors: Platz René , Erbert Götz , Pittroff Wolfgang , Malchus Moritz , Vogel Klaus , Tränkle Günther 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe present a 940 nm quasi-continuous wave semiconductor laser designed as a building block for high-power fiber coupled pump modules. The laser comprises a $400~\mathrm{\mu} \mathrm{m} $ narrow-stripe array mounted on an aluminum nitride substrate using hard solder. The chip has been optimized for high optical power and low lateral far-field angles. Two vertical and six lateral structure variations have been investigated to determine the best achievable performance. Operating at 1 ms pulse width and a repetition rate of 10 Hz, the laser device reaches a maximum pulse power of 86 W from a $400~\mathrm{\mu} \mathrm{m} $ aperture and more than 62% maximum conversion efficiency. Low lateral far-field angles (95% power enclosed) of 11.5° and 13.5°, depending on the epitaxial design, enable efficient multimode fiber coupling. The potential for highly reliable applications has been demonstrated.