bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytomorphological characteristics of low‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma for differential diagnosis from benign papillary urothelial lesions: logistic regression analysis in SurePath™ liquid‐based voided urine cytology
Authors: Chung Y. R. , Won J. K. , Park I. A. , Moon K. C. , Chung S. Y. , Lee K. , Ryu H. S. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveThe diagnosis of low‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (LGPUC) in urine cytology specimens is challenging because of its subtle, minimally atypical findings. Furthermore, as SurePath™ liquid‐based cytology (LBC) is becoming a widely used method in urine cytology, the inevitable cytomorphological alterations resulting from this technique call for new morphological diagnostic criteria in LGPUC.MethodsLogistic regression analysis was carried out on SurePath slides from surgically proven voided urine specimens. The study was designed to include a test set (n = 141) and a validation set (n = 61), and evaluated significant discriminative parameters between LGPUC and benign papillary urothelial neoplasm (BPUN).ResultsOf the seven cytological findings that were found to have statistical significance in univariate analysis, five were found to be independent variables: loss of polarity of papillaroid clusters, irregular contours, absence of columnar cells, hobnail features and hyperchromasia. These independent variables had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.781.ConclusionsThe distinctive cytological criteria identified above may prove to be helpful in cases in which other conventional criteria for LGPUC are insufficient for diagnosis.
Cold snare polypectomy: Does snare type influence outcomes?
Authors: Din Said , Ball Alex J. , Riley Stuart A. , Kitsanta Panagiota , Johal Shawinder 
Published: January 2015

Background and AimCold snare techniques are widely used for the removal of small and diminutive polyps. The influence of snare type on the effectiveness of cold snare polypectomy is unknown.MethodsCold snare polypectomy of 3–7‐mm polyps was undertaken using either a thin wire mini‐snare (0.30 mm) or a thick wire mini‐snare (0.47 mm). Primary outcome was endoscopic completeness of excision. Consensus regarding endoscopic assessment of completeness of excision was standardized and aided by chromoendoscopy. Secondary outcomes included: completeness of histological excision, polyp ‘fly away’, polyp retrieval rate, early or delayed bleeding and perforation.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐seven polyps were removed ranging from 3 to 7 mm, 62% were situated in the left side of the colon and 89.4% were sessile. Endoscopic completeness of excision was significantly higher with the thin wire snare compared to the thick wire snare (90.2% vs 73.3%, P < 0.05). There was a numerical trend towards a higher complete histological excision rate with the thin wire snare, but this did not reach statistical significance (73.3% vs 65.2%, P = 0.4). There was a fair level of agreement (kappa = 0.36) between endoscopic and histological completeness of excision. Polyp ‘fly away’ occurred less often with the thin wire snare (14.6% vs 35.3%, P = 0.002), but there was no significant difference in polyp retrieval rate (84.3% vs 83.8%, P = 0.94). There were no complications with either snare.ConclusionSnare type appears to be an important determinant of completeness of excision when removing small polyps by the cold snare technique.
Left Atrial Appendage Wall‐Motion Velocity Associates with Recurrence of Nonparoxysmal Atrial Fibrillation after Catheter Ablation
Authors: Ariyama Miyuki , Kato Ritsushi , Matsumura Makoto , Yoshimoto Harumi , Nakajima Yoshie , Nakano Shintaro , Kasai Takatoshi , Tanno Jun , Senbonmatsu Takaaki , Matsumoto Kazuo , Nishimura Shigeyuki 
Published: January 2015

Catheter ablation (CA) for nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is controversial due to its high recurrence rate. The aim of this study was to assess retrospectively the diagnostic value of preprocedural left atrial appendage (LAA) wall‐motion velocity in predicting recurrence of AF within 1 year after CA. We hypothesized that tissue Doppler‐derived measurement of LAA wall‐motion velocity associate with recurrence of AF within 1 year after CA. We retrospectively reviewed 47 consecutive patients with nonparoxysmal AF (defined as AF lasting for 1 week or longer) who underwent both transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography before their first treatment by CA in a single center. Forty‐one patients aged 58 ± 10 years were included, and variables predicting the recurrence of AF within 1 year after CA were evaluated. Seventeen patients (41%) developed recurrence of AF within 1 year after CA. Univariate analyses showed that preprocedural LAA upward wall‐motion velocity at the apex assessed by transesophageal echocardiography was significantly lower in patients with recurrence of AF than those without recurrence (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.13–2.01, P = 0.009). Multivariate logistic analyses including other potential predictors (duration of AF, left ventricular ejection fraction, E‐wave deceleration time, and left atrial wall‐motion velocity) identified LAA upward wall‐motion velocity at the apex as an independent predictor of outcome. These data suggest in patients with nonparoxysmal AF, preprocedural LAA upward wall‐motion velocity at the apex, as determined by tissue Doppler imaging during transesophageal echocardiography, may be a useful indicator for predicting recurrence of AF within 1 year after CA.
A new adaptive support vector machine for diagnosis of diseases
Authors: Gürbüz Emre , Kılıç Erdal 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAutomatic disease diagnosis systems have been used to treat diseases for many years. The data used in the construction of these systems require correct classification. Therefore, previous literature has proposed a variety of methods. This paper develops a general‐purposed, fast and adaptive automatic disease diagnosis system, using the information generated by the newly‐designed classifier, which makes decisions with a simple rule base comprising the rules in ‘if‐then’ form. This newly‐proposed methodology is based on the support vector machine (SVM), a powerful classification algorithm. In the proposed method of this study, we added a feature of adaptivity to an SVM. In order to increase the success rate and decrease the decision‐making time, the bias value of the standard SVM is changed in an adaptive structure. This process introduces a new kind of SVM, ‘adaptive SVM’, seeking a diagnosis of diseases in a more successful way. During the training and test operations of this newly designed system, we used diabetes and breast cancer datasets, acquired from the medical database of California University. This newly proposed methodology has 100% correct classification rates on both diabetes and breast cancer datasets.
Parent–Child Relational Problem: Field Trial Results, Changes in DSM‐5, and Proposed Changes for ICD‐11
Authors: Wamboldt Marianne , Cordaro Anthony , Clarke Diana 
Published: January 2015

Caregiving relationships are significant factors in the development, mediation, or moderation of childhood mental health problems. However, epidemiological and clinical research has been limited by lack of reliable, succinct, and standardized methods of assessing parent–child relationship constructs. The Relational Processes Workgroup (ad hoc to the DSM‐5 process) proposed more specific criteria to define a parent–child relational problem (PCRP). These criteria were field tested in one of the DSM‐5 Field trial sites, utilizing a similar research design as DSM‐5. Participants included 133 symptomatic children (5–17 years) in active treatment for a mental health problem and their primary caregiver (86% mothers). Two separate clinicians, each blinded to the assessment of the other clinician as well as the DSM‐5 diagnoses, interviewed the dyads within a 2‐week period, utilizing the proposed PCRP criteria. Prior to each interview, parents were asked to write about their relationship with their child, and children (over the age of 10 years) filled out the Parental Bonding Instrument, Brief Current, and the Perceived Criticism Measure. Clinicians were able to read the narratives and see results of the child report measures before assessing the dyad. The weighted prevalence of a PCRP in this sample was 34%. The interclass kappa for overall agreement between clinicians was 0.58 (0.40, 0.72), which indicates good interrater reliability. Further, clinicians found the PCRP diagnostic criteria clinically useful and an improvement over the brief description of PCRP that was presented in DSM‐IV. Relationships between children and their primary caregiver can be assessed in a reliable manner, based on clinical interview with the child–caregiver dyad and several self‐report measures.
Status Goods and Market Powers
Authors: Chiu Woo Wai 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Status goods are often produced by firms with market powers. Taking this into account, we construct a new class of models of status goods, which refutes many important results in the conventional models without assuming market powers. Specifically, relative consumption effect normally leads to under-consumption of status goods, which is the opposite of the conventional result. Generally speaking, status goods may be over- or under-consumed, depending crucially on a widely overlooked factor in the literature- the elasticity of marginal status. More competition tends to support overconsumption and is not necessarily welfare-enhancing. Our results call into questions if, as often suggested in existing literature, a general taxation is an appropriate solution to tackle market bias from status seeking.
Prompt immune tolerance induction at inhibitor diagnosis regardless of titre may increase overall success in haemophilia A complicated by inhibitors: experience of two US centres
Authors: Nakar C. , Manco‐Johnson M. J. , Lail A. , Donfield S. , Maahs J. , Chong Y. , Blades T. , Shapiro A. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryCurrent guidelines recommend delaying the start of immune tolerance induction (ITI) until the inhibitor titre is <10 Bethesda units (BU) to improve success. This study was conducted to evaluate ITI outcome relative to time to start ITI from inhibitor detection irrespective of inhibitor titre. Data were retrospectively collected from two US haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) on subjects with severe/moderate factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency with inhibitors who underwent ITI. Outcomes were defined pragmatically: success – negative inhibitor titre and ability to use FVIII concentrate for treatment/bleed prevention; partial success – inhibitor titre 1 to <5 BU with ability to use FVIII concentrate for treatment of bleeding; failure – ITI ongoing >3 years without achieving success/partial success, or ITI discontinuation. Fifty‐eight subjects were included; 32 of 39 (82%) with high‐responding inhibitor (HRI) achieved success, 7 failed. HRI subjects were subdivided based on ITI start time: 23/39 subjects started within 1 month of detection and 22/23 (96%) achieved success. Of these 23, 13 started ITI with an inhibitor titre ≥10 BU; all were successes. Eleven of 39 HRI subjects had an interval >6 months until ITI start; 7 (64%) achieved success. Time from inhibitor detection to ITI start may play a critical role in outcome. A titre ≥10 BU at ITI start did not influence outcome in subjects when ITI was initiated within 1 month of detection. Prompt ITI should be considered a viable therapeutic option in newly identified patients with inhibitors regardless of current inhibitor titre.
Alleviation mechanisms against hepatocyte oxidative stress in patients with chronic hepatic disorders
Authors: Hiura Masaaki , Honma Yuichi , Miyagawa Koichiro , Oe Shinji , Shimajiri Shohei , Mihara Hitomi , Oe Masami , Sato‐Morita Miyuki , Katsuki Yuka , Harada Masaru 
Published: January 2015

AimAutophagy induction and Mallory–Denk body (MDB) formation have been considered to have cytoprotective effects from cellular stress in liver diseases. We investigated the relations among oxidative stress, autophagy and MDB formation in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to clarify the alleviation mechanisms against oxidative stress of hepatocytes.MethodsFirst, we treated cultured cells with proteasome inhibitor (PI) or free fatty acid (FFA) and evaluated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, ubiquitinated proteins and p62 by western blotting. Then, we used human liver biopsy samples to evaluate oxidative stress, autophagy and MDB formation by immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsTreatment with PI or FFA increased ER stress, oxidative stress, ubiquitinated proteins and p62 in cultured cells. Human liver biopsy samples of CHC and NAFLD showed that MDB formed in areas with strong oxidative stress and that the MDB‐containing cells circumvented oxidative stress. Keratin 8 (K8) expression was strong in MDB‐containing cells in CHC and NAFLD. However, in CHB samples, the expression of K8 was not increased in response to oxidative stress and MDB aggregates did not appear. Aminotransferase values were significantly lower in patients with CHC and NAFLD in whom light chain 3 antibody expression was increased in response to oxidative stress.ConclusionStrong expression of K8 was considered to be important for MDB formation. MDB protect liver cells from oxidative stress at a cellular level and autophagy reduced hepatic damage when it was induced in the hepatocytes exposed to strong oxidative stress.
Proposal of Japan Red Cross score for sorafenib therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Takeda Haruhiko , Nishikawa Hiroki , Osaki Yukio , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Joko Kouji , Ogawa Chikara , Taniguchi Hiroyoshi , Orito Etsuro , Uchida Yasushi , Izumi Namiki ,   Japanese Red Cross Liver Study Group
Published: January 2015

AimThere have been no established predictors of the outcome on sorafenib therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. We aimed to establish a new prognostic model suitable for sorafenib in HCC.MethodsAmong 465 HCC patients treated with sorafenib in 14 hospitals, we formed a training cohort with 270 patients at seven hospitals located in West Japan and a validation cohort with 167 patients at seven hospitals located in East Japan. In the training cohort, we examined the relationship between overall survival (OS) and pretreatment clinical factors, and structured a new prognostic model. We verified this model in the validation cohort and compared with four existing staging models.ResultsMultivariate analysis demonstrated distant metastases, portal invasion, intrahepatic tumor burden of more than 50%, serum α‐fetoprotein of 150 ng/dL or more, des‐γ‐carboxyprothrombin of 1200 mAU/mL or more, albumin of 3.5 g/dL or less and total bilirubin of more than 1.0 mg/dL were significant independent adverse prognostic factors. We calculated a Japan Red Cross (JRC) score with these factors and classified three groups: low‐, intermediate‐ or high‐risk. Their median OS were well stratified (18.0, 8.8 and 3.7 months, respectively, P < 0.001) in the training cohort. In the validation cohort, OS were also statistically stratified (23.9, 10.3 and 2.9 months, P < 0.001). C‐statistics of the JRC score was 0.755, the highest in the five models, indicating its novel predictability.ConclusionOur proposed JRC score well predicts the prognosis of sorafenib therapy, and would be useful to plan individualized strategies for unresectable HCC.
Use of nucleoside analogs in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Nepal: A prospective cohort study in a single hospital
Authors: Masaki Naohiko , Shrestha Pradeep Krishna , Nishimura So , Ito Kiyoaki , Sugiyama Masaya , Mizokami Masashi 
Published: January 2015

AimThere still remain many concerns about the present status of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B in developing countries in Asia, where the monitoring systems of virological markers have not been well established, despite the high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. To investigate it in Nepal, this prospective cohort study was conducted at the Teaching Hospital of Tribhuvan University in Kathmandu.MethodsFrom 2007 to 2012, 65 patients were consecutively enrolled, 44 of whom received nucleoside analogs (NA), such as lamivudine (LMV), adefovir or tenofovir (TDF), on the decision of the local hepatologist. Virological determinations were performed in Japan, by using the serially collected serum samples at the Teaching Hospital. Statistical analysis was performed, using Mann–Whitney U‐test or Fisher's exact test.ResultsThe younger, especially female patients of reproductive age were more frequently prescribed with these NA, and an increased preference for the use of TDF was observed over time. However, there was insufficient follow up of the NA‐treated patients in this cohort, and not a few patients developed emergence of NA‐resistant HBV: known resistance to LMV in 3 patients and incidental resistance to non‐administrated NA in four patients.ConclusionThe results of the present study indicate that education for physicians as well as for infected patients regarding the proper use of NA, together with establishment of appropriate monitoring systems for virological markers, is warranted to prevent an increase in NA‐resistant HBV infections in Nepal.
Photoluminescence of Sr2P2O7:Sm3+ Phosphor as Reddish Orange Emission for White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cao Renping , Cao Chunyan , Yu Xiaoguang , Li Wensheng , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: January 2015

A reddish orange emission Sr2P2O7:Sm3+ phosphor is prepared by the solid‐state reaction method in air, and the crystal structure and luminescence properties of phosphors are investigated. Sr2P2O7:Sm3+ phosphor shows Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates (x = 0.5753, y = 0.4147). White light‐emitting diodes (W‐LEDs) fabricated using Sr2P2O7:Sm3+ phosphor etc. show CIE chromaticity coordinates (x = 0.3471, y = 0.3124). These results indicate that Sr2P2O7:Sm3+ phosphor could be a potential suitable reddish orange emitting phosphor candidate for W‐LEDs with excitation of a ~400 nm n‐UV LED chip.
Properties and Performance of Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride
Authors: Swab Jeffrey J. , Vargas‐Gonzalez Lionel , Wilson Elizabeth , Warner Eric 
Published: January 2015

Cubic boron nitride (CBN) is a lightweight (ρ = 3.45 g/cm3) ceramic material that is harder than all materials except diamond. As harder ceramics tend to perform better as armor, this material is of interest to the military community. CBN is synthetically produced and is primarily used as an abrasive and in cutting tool applications. The properties (elastic modulus, strength, toughness, hardness, etc.) and ballistic performance of this material were determined and compared to a commercially available armor‐grade boron carbide (B4C).
High Chrome Refractory Characterization: Part II. Accumulation of Spinel Corrosion Deposits in Radioactive Waste Glass Melters
Authors: Jantzen Carol M. , Imrich Kenneth J. , Pickett John B. , Brown Kevin G. 
Published: January 2015

High Cr2O3 containing Monofrax™ K‐3 is a robust refractory that is used in radioactive waste glass melters worldwide. Monofrax™ K‐3 contains highly reduced phases. Conversely, many of the radioactive feeds being processed are highly oxidizing. The K‐3 refractory corrosion rates in oxidizing (high nitrate) feeds were ~1.8–2.8 times higher than the rates determined using reducing feeds. The corrosion product formed is a mixture of spinel and glass (slag) that can accumulate on the melter floor. A methodology to calculate the depth of slag deposits from refractory corrosion is presented and verified with slag measurements from the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) melter after it had processed oxidized feeds for 1.75 years. The calculations show that had the facility continued to process oxidized feeds the melter lifetime (based on when the deposits could have reached and blocked the pour spout riser) would have been ~4.5 years. The DWPF changed to a reducing flow sheet after ~3 years of operation. The lifetimes of Melter #1 and Melter #2, assuming a failure due to pour spout blockage, are calculated as 7.7–12 years based on corrosion rates measured with reducing feeds. Lifetimes of 9 and >11 years have actually been achieved.
The Growth Rate of Early DWI Lesions is Highly Variable and Associated with Penumbral Salvage and Clinical Outcomes following Endovascular Reperfusion
Authors: Wheeler Hayley M. , Mlynash Michael , Inoue Manabu , Tipirnini Aaryani , Liggins John , Bammer Roland , Lansberg Maarten G. , Kemp Stephanie , Zaharchuk Greg , Straka Matus , Albers Gregory W. 
Published: January 2015

Background The degree of variability in the rate of early diffusion-weighted imaging expansion in acute stroke has not been well characterized. Aim We hypothesized that patients with slowly expanding diffusion-weighted imaging lesions would have more penumbral salvage and better clinical outcomes following endovascular reperfusion than patients with rapidly expanding diffusion-weighted imaging lesions. Methods In the first part of this substudy of DEFUSE 2, growth curves were constructed for patients with >90% reperfusion and <10% reperfusion. Next, the initial growth rate was determined in all patients with a clearly established time of symptom onset, assuming a lesion volume of 0 ml just prior to symptom onset. Patients who achieved reperfusion (>50% reduction in perfusion-weighted imaging after endovascular therapy) were categorized into tertiles according to their initial diffusion-weighted imaging growth rates. For each tertile, penumbral salvage [comparison of final volume to the volume of perfusion-weighted imaging (Tmax > 6 s)/diffusion-weighted imaging mismatch prior to endovascular therapy], favorable clinical response (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale improvement of ≥8 points or 0–1 at 30 days), and good functional outcome (90-day modified Rankin score of ≤2) were calculated. A multivariate model assessed whether infarct growth rates were an independent predictor of clinical outcomes. Results Sixty-five patients were eligible for this study; the median initial growth rate was 3·1 ml/h (interquartile range 0·7–10·7). Target mismatch patients ( n = 42) had initial growth rates that were significantly slower than the growth rates in malignant profile ( n = 9 patients, P < 0·001). In patients who achieved reperfusion ( n = 38), slower early diffusion-weighted imaging growth rates were associated with better clinical outcomes ( P < 0·05) and a trend toward more penumbral salvage ( n = 31, P = 0·103). A multivariate model demonstrated that initial diffusion-weighted imaging growth rate was an independent predictor of achieving a 90-day modified Rankin score of ≤2. Conclusions The growth rate of early diffusion-weighted imaging lesions in acute stroke patients is highly variable; malignant profile patients have higher growth rates than patients with target mismatch. A slower rate of early diffusion-weighted imaging growth is associated with a greater degree of penumbral salvage and improved clinical outcomes following endovascular reperfusion.