bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complement activation fragment C5a receptors, CD88 and C5L2, are associated with neurofibrillary pathology
Authors: Fonseca Maria I , McGuire Susan O , Counts Scott E , Tenner Andrea J 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative dementia characterized by the decline of cognition and the presence of neuropathological changes including neuronal loss, neurofibrillary pathology and extracellular senile plaques. A neuroinflammatory process is also triggered and complement activation has been hypothesized to have a relevant role in this local inflammatory response. C5a, a proinflammatory anaphylatoxin generated after complement activation, exerts its chemotactic and inflammatory functions through the CD88 receptor while the more recently discovered C5L2 receptor has been postulated to have an anti-inflammatory role. Previously, we reported that a CD88 specific antagonist (PMX205) decreased the pathology and improved cognition in transgenic models of AD suggesting that C5a/C5aR interaction has an important role in the progression of the disease.MethodsThe present study characterizes the expression of the two receptors for C5a in human brain with confirmed post mortem diagnosis of vascular dementia (VD) or AD as well as age matched controls by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis using several antibodies against different epitopes of the human receptors.ResultsThe CD88 and C5L2 antibodies revealed increased expression of both receptors in AD samples as compared to age-matched controls or VD brain tissue by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, using multiple antibodies and distinct cohorts of brain tissue. Immunostaining showed that both the C5L2 and CD88 antibodies similarly labeled abundant neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads and dystrophic neurites associated with plaques in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of AD cases. In contrast, little or no neuronal staining, tangles or dystrophic neurites associated with plaques were observed in control or VD brains. CD88 and C5L2 receptors are associated with both early (AT8) and mature (PHF1) neurofibrillary tangles and can be found either independently or colocalized with each other.ConclusionsThe observed association of CD88 and C5L2 with neurofibrillary pathology suggests a common altered pathway of degradation.
First introduction of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 and detection of respiratory viruses in pediatric patients in Central African Republic
Authors: Nakouné Emmanuel , Tricou Vianney , Manirakiza Alexandre , Komoyo Francis , Selekon Benjamin , Gody Jean Chrysostome , Victoir Kathleen , Buchy Philippe , Kazanji Mirdad 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Acute viral respiratory illnesses in children in sub-Saharan Africa have received relatively little attention, although they are much more frequent causes of morbidity and mortality than in developed countries. Active surveillance is essential to identify the causative agents and to improve clinical management, especially in the context of possible circulation of pandemic viruses.

Findings
A prospective study was conducted in the Central African Republic (CAR) between January and December 2010 among infants and children aged 0–15 years attending sentinel sites for influenza-like illness or acute respiratory illness. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, and one-step real-time and multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to detect respiratory viruses. Respiratory viruses were detected in 49 of the 329 (14.9%) nasopharyngeal samples: 29 (8.8%) contained influenza viruses (5 (1.5%) had pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus and 24 (7.3%) had influenza B viruses), 11 (3.3%) contained parainfluenza viruses types 1 and 3 and 9 (2.7%) contained human respiratory syncytial virus. Most cases were detected during the rainy season in the CAR. Analysis of the amplicon sequences confirmed the identity of each detected virus.

Conclusions
The influenza surveillance system in the CAR has provided valuable data on the seasonality of influenza and the circulation of other respiratory viruses. Our network could therefore play a valuable role in the prevention and control of influenza epidemics in the CAR.
Bacteriophage-encoded lytic enzymes control growth of contaminating Lactobacillus found in fuel ethanol fermentations
Authors: Roach Dwayne R , Khatibi Piyum A , Bischoff Kenneth M , Hughes Stephen R , Donovan David M 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundReduced yields of ethanol due to bacterial contamination in fermentation cultures weaken the economics of biofuel production. Lactic acid bacteria are considered the most problematic, and surveys of commercial fuel ethanol facilities have found that species ofLactobacillusare predominant.Bacteriophage lytic enzymes are peptidoglycan hydrolases that can degrade the Gram positive cell wall when exposed externally and provide a novel source of antimicrobials that are highly refractory to resistance development.ResultsThe streptococcal phage LambdaSa2 (λSa2) endolysin demonstrated strong lytic activity towards 17 of 22 strains of lactobacilli, staphylococci or streptococci and maintained an optimal specific activity at pH 5.5 and in the presence of ≤ 5% ethanol (fermentation conditions) towardL. fermentum.Lactobacillusbacteriophage endolysins LysA, LysA2 and LysgaY showed exolytic activity towards 60% of the lactobacilli tested including fourL. fermentumisolates from fuel ethanol fermentations. In turbidity reduction assays LysA was able to reduce optical density >75% for 50% of the sensitive strains and >50% for the remaining strains. LysA2 and LysgaY were only able to decrease cellular turbidity by <50%. Optimal specific activities were achieved for LysA, LysA2, and LysgaY at pH 5.5. The presence of ethanol (≤5%) did not reduce the lytic activity. Lysins were able to reduce bothL. fermentum(BR0315-1) (λSa2 endolysin) andL. reuteri(B-14171) (LysA) contaminants in mock fermentations of corn fiber hydrolysates.ConclusionBacteriophage lytic enzymes are strong candidates for application as antimicrobials to control lactic acid bacterial contamination in fuel ethanol fermentations.
Purification of native HBHA from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
Authors: Lefrancois Louise H , Bodier Christelle C , Lecher Sophie , Gilbert Florence B , Cochard Thierry , Harichaux Grégoire , Labas Valérie , Teixeira-Gomes Ana Paula , Raze Dominique , Locht Camille , Biet Franck 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Paratuberculosis remains today a major global problem in animal health, especially for dairy cattle. However, the diagnosis of its etiologic agent, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), still lacks sensitivity because of the lack of available antigens. Little is known about the virulence factors for this pathogen. In this study we have developed a method to produce and purify the heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA), a major adhesin of Mycobacteria, from a culture of Map.

Findings
For this extremely slow-growing Mycobacterium, a culture was established in a 3-liter bioreactor. Using the bioreactor the amount of the Map biomass was increased 5-fold compared to a classical culture in flasks. The map-HBHA was purified from a Map lysate by heparin-Sepharose chromatography on HiTrap columns. Binding of map-HBHA onto heparin-Sepharose can be reduced in the presence of salt. Consequently, all steps of sample preparation and column equilibration were carried out in 20 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.2). The map-HBHA was eluted by a linear NaCl gradient. High resolution mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the native form of map-HBHA has posttranslational modifications, including the removal of the initiation methionine, acetylation of the alanine residue at the N-terminal extremity and the presence of methylated lysines in the C-terminal domain of the protein.

Conclusions
An optimized culture of Map in a bioreactor was established to purify the native map-HBHA from a Map lysate by heparin-Sepharose chromatography. The availability of this antigen offers the possibility to study the structure of the protein and to examine its role in pathogenicity, in particular to better understand the specific interactions of Map with the intestinal tissue. The map-HBHA obtained in its native immunogenic form may also be useful to improve the diagnostic test, especially for the development of a new T-cell-based interferon gamma release assays.
Fat spouses and hours of work: are body and Pareto weights correlated?
Authors: Oreffice Sonia , Quintana-Domeque Climent 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Abstract
We explore the relationship between relative physical attractiveness in the household and the hours worked by married men and women. Using PSID data, we find that husbands who are thinner relative to their wives work fewer hours, while wives who are heavier relative to their husbands work more hours. These results are robust to controlling for individual, spousal characteristics, and conventional distribution factors, suggesting that high body weight leads to low Pareto weight in the household: fatter spouses may compensate with more hours of work. Our household bargaining interpretation is supported by the fact that we cannot statistically reject the collective proportionality restriction when including measures of the distribution of relative physical attractiveness in the population.

JEL codes
D1, J1, J22
How people bereaved by suicide perceive newspaper reporting: qualitative study
Authors: Chapple Alison , Ziebland Sue , Simkin Sue , Hawton Keith 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundPeople bereaved by suicide are often reported to be distressed by media reporting. Current media guidelines for reporting suicide focus especially on prevention of copycat behaviour.AimsTo explore bereaved individuals' experiences of media reporting after suicide and to examine their priorities in relation to media guidelines.MethodIn-depth interviews with 40 people bereaved by suicide, with qualitative analysis. Review of four guidelines.ResultsThere is a difference of emphasis between guidance for the press that aims to prevent copycat suicides (especially avoidance of details such as method used) and the perspectives of bereaved people (who prioritise sympathetic and accurate reporting, sometimes including details of the death and images of the person who died). We found that bereaved relatives were sometimes keen to talk to the press. Those who were upset by the press focused on careless reporting, misquoting and speculation that gave an inaccurate impression of the death.ConclusionsThe Leveson Inquiry has drawn attention to the damage that can be caused by irresponsible journalism. Guidelines written to prevent ‘copycat’ suicides are important, but so are the needs of bereaved relatives. Because accuracy matters greatly to the bereaved, families should be able to work with an intermediary such as a police press officer to prepare a statement for the press to minimise the risk of misrepresentation.
The role of light in mediating the effects of ocean acidification on coral calcification
Authors: Dufault Aaron M. , Ninokawa Aaron , Bramanti Lorenzo , Cumbo Vivian R. , Fan Tung-Yung , Edmunds Peter J. 
Published: February 2013

Summary
We tested the effect of light and pCO2 on the calcification and survival of Pocillopora damicornis recruits settled from larvae released in southern Taiwan. In March 2011, recruits were incubated at 31, 41, 70, 122, and 226 μmol photons m-2s-1 under ambient (493 μatm) and high pCO2 (878 μatm). After 5 days calcification was measured gravimetrically and survivorship estimated as the number of living recruits. Calcification was affected by the interaction of pCO2 with light, and at 493 μatm pCO2 the response to light intensity resembled a positive parabola. At 878 μatm pCO2, the effect of light on calcification differed from that observed at 493 μatm pCO2, with the result that there were large differences in calcification between 493 μatm and 878 μatm pCO2 at intermediate light intensities (ca. 70 μmol photons m-2s-1), but similar rates of calcification at the highest and lowest light intensities. Survivorship was affected by light and pCO2, and was highest at 122 μmol photons m-2s-1 in both pCO2 treatments, but was unrelated to calcification. In June 2012 the experiment was repeated, and again the results suggested that exposure to high pCO2 decreased calcification of P. damicornis recruits at intermediate light intensities, but not at lower or higher intensities. Together, our findings demonstrate that the effect of pCO2 on coral recruits can be light-dependent, with inhibitory effects of high pCO2 on calcification at intermediate light intensities that disappear at both higher and lower light intensities.
Unique arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase-2 polymorphism in Salmonids and profound variations in thermal stability and catalytic efficiency conferred by two residues
Authors: Cazaméa-Catalan Damien , Magnanou Elodie , Helland Ronny , Besseau Laurence , Boeuf Gilles , Falcón Jack , Jørgensen Even H. 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Melatonin contributes to synchronizing major biological and behavioral functions to the cyclic changes in the environment. The arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is responsible for a daily rhythm in melatonin secretion. Teleost possess two enzyme forms, AANAT1 and AANAT2, preferentially expressed in the retina and pineal organ, respectively. The concomitant action of light and temperature shapes the daily and seasonal changes in melatonin secretion: the former controls duration while the latter modulates amplitude. Investigating the respective roles of light and temperature is particularly relevant in the context of a global warming likely to affect the way fish decode and anticipate seasonal changes with dramatic consequences on their physiology and behavior. Here we investigated the impact of temperature on pineal melatonin secretion of a migratory species, the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), the northernmost living and cold adapted salmonid. We show that temperature impacts directly melatonin production in cultured pineal organs. We also show that one organ expresses two AANAT2 transcripts displaying high similarity between them and with trout Oncorhynchus mykiss AANAT2, differing by only two amino acid sites. We compared the kinetics and 3D models of these enzymes as well as of a chimeric construct, particularly with regard to their response to temperature. Our study brings interesting and totally new information on the evolutionary diversity of AANAT enzymes in Teleost and on the role played by specific residues in the catalytic properties of the enzymes.
Opsin1-2, Gqα and arrestin levels at Limulus rhabdoms are controlled by diurnal light and a circadian clock
Authors: Battelle Barbara-Anne , Kempler Karen E. , Parker Alexander K. , Gaddie Christina D. 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Dark and light adaptation in photoreceptors involve multiple processes including those which change protein concentrations at photosensitive membranes. Light and dark-adaptive changes in protein levels at rhabdoms have been described in detail in white eyed Drosophila maintained under artificial light. Here we tested whether protein levels at rhabdoms change significantly in the highly pigmented lateral eyes of wild caught Limulus maintained in natural diurnal illumination and whether these changes are under circadian control. We found that rhabdomeral levels of opsins (Ops 1-2), the G protein activated by rhodopsin (Gqα) and arrestin change significantly day to night and that nighttime levels of each protein at rhabdoms are significantly influenced by signals from the animal's central circadian clock. Clock input at night increases Ops1-2 and Gqα and decreases arrestin levels at rhabdoms. Clock input is also required for a rapid decrease in rhabdomeral Ops1-2 beginning at sunrise. We found further that dark-adaptation during the day and night are not equivalent. During daytime dark-adaptation, when clock input is silent, the increase of Ops1-2 at rhabdoms is small and Gqα levels do not increase. However, increases in Ops1-2 and Gqα at rhabdoms are enhanced during daytime dark-adaption by treatments which elevate cAMP in photoreceptors suggesting the clock influences dark-adaptive increases in Ops1-2 and Gqα at Limulus rhabdoms by activating cAMP-dependent processes. The circadian regulation of Ops1-2 and Gqα levels at rhabdoms probably has a dual role: to increase retinal sensitivity at night and to protect photoreceptors from light damage during the day.
ONIOM Study of the Mechanism of Olefin Hydrogenation by the Wilkinson’s Catalyst: Reaction Paths and Energy Surfaces of trans- and cis-Forms
Authors: Matsubara Toshiaki , Takahashi Ryohei , Asai Saori 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The mechanism of the olefin hydrogenation by Wilkinson’s catalyst is examined by the ONIOM method taking account of the substituents of the phosphine ligands. We optimized the equilibrium and transition state structures involved in the catalytic cycles by both active species, trans-[RhCl(PPh3)2] (1Rt) and cis-[RhCl(PPh3)2] (1Rc), and determined the energy profiles of these catalytic cycles. The steric repulsion between the two phosphine ligands in the cis-form was very small throughout the reaction, and in fact 1Rc was more stable by 3.3 kcal mol−1 than 1Rt by the stacking interactions between Ph groups, indicating that not only 1Rt but also 1Rc is a possible catalytically active species. The entire energy profiles showed that the olefin insertion is a rate-determining step in the case of the trans active species 1Rt. Although the activation energy of the olefin insertion is reduced so much in the case of the cis active species 1Rc, the transition states TS2 and TS3 of olefin insertion and isomerization also lie at the highest point of the energy surface. However, the cis-form is more favorable than the trans-form, since the top of the energy surface is lower for the cis-form than for the trans-form. The calculations suggested that if we think a large-size substituent of olefin, the cis-form that provides a larger space for the reaction will have an energy advantage. The steric or electronic effect of the Ph substituents of the phosphine ligands did not affect the entire energy profile substantially in both cases of trans- and cis-forms, although the inclusion of the Ph groups is important to evaluate the stability of isomers and to determine the most favorable path.
Crystal structure of 4,4'-bipyridine dihydrate, C10H8N2·2H2O, C10H12N2O2
Authors: Huang Xu , Qiu Qi-Ming , Zhou Li-Li , Jin Qiong-Hua , Zhang Cun-Lin 
Published: February 2013

Abstract C10H12N2O2, monoclinic, C2 (no. 5), a = 15.811(2) Å, b = 3.7660(5) Å, c = 9.176(1) Å, β = 114.053(2)°, V = 498.9 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0555, wRref(F2) = 0.1535, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of 4,5-dichloro-N-ethyl-2-nitrobenzenamine, C8H8Cl2N2O2
Authors: Zhu Guang Zhou , Lu Zai-Sheng , Shi Huan-Le 
Published: February 2013

Abstract C8H8Cl2N2O2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 3.9327(8) Å, b = 13.537(3) Å, c = 18.301(4) Å, V = 974.3 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0214, wRref(F2) = 0.0545, T = 296 K.
Quality of life is decreased in patients with paragangliomas
Authors: van Hulsteijn L T , Louisse A , Havekes B , Kaptein A A , Jansen J C , Hes F J , Smit J W A , Corssmit E P M 
Published: February 2013

ContextGermline mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) genes predispose carriers for developing paragangliomas, and studies on their quality of life (QoL) are scarce.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to assess QoL in patients with paragangliomas (PGL), to evaluate long-term QoL, and to explore potential differences in QoL between SDH mutation carriers and paraganglioma patients without an SDH mutation.DesignCross-sectional, case–control study.SettingTertiary referral center.SubjectsOne hundred and seventy four paraganglioma patients were included: 25 SDHB, two SDHC, and 122 SDHD mutation carriers and 25 patients without an SDH mutation. They provided 100 peers as control persons. Furthermore, patients were compared with age-adjusted reference populations.Main outcome measuresQoL was assessed using three validated health-related QoL questionnaires: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Multidimensional Fatigue Index 20, and the Short Form 36.ResultsPatients reported a significantly impaired QoL compared with their own controls, mainly on fatigue and physical condition subscales. Compared with age-adjusted literature values, patients had significantly impaired scores on physical, psychological, and social subscales. A decreased QoL was mainly related to paraganglioma-associated complaints.There was no difference in QoL between the various SDH mutation carriers or paraganglioma patients without an SDH mutation. QoL in asymptomatic mutation carriers, i.e. without manifest disease, did not differ from QoL of the general population. Long-term results in 41 patients showed no alteration in QoL besides a reduced level of activity.ConclusionQoL is decreased in paraganglioma patients but stable when measured over time.
Small-strain (100)/(001)-oriented epitaxial PbTiO3 films with film thickness ranging from nano- to micrometer order grown on (100)CaF2 substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Chentir Mohamed-Tahar , Utsugi Satoru , Fujisawa Takashi , Ehara Yoshitaka , Ishikawa Mutsuo , Morioka Hitoshi , Yamada Tomoaki , Matsushima Masaaki , Funakubo Hiroshi 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Combining X-Ray Diffraction and Substrate Deflection Analysis to Understand Internal Stress in Electroless Copper Films
Authors: Sharma Tanu , Brüning Ralf , Brown Delilah A. , Bamberg Simon , Merschky Michael , Brüning Frank 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTElectroless copper films are usually the first conducting layer on the insulating substrates of printed circuit boards. For this and other emerging applications, the internal stress of the copper layer is an important consideration both for film adhesion and film-substrate interaction. We have combined stress/strain analysis based on X-ray diffraction, which is sensitive to the strain of the copper crystallites, with a conventionally used technique that analyses the bending of the substrate (Deposit Stress Analyzer). Both techniques were implemented in such a way that the stress could be monitored continuously during the deposition of the films from the electroless plating bath as well as afterwards. These tests were carried out for three chemical formulations and the results from both techniques agree qualitatively. For one bath, the substrate bending method detects a 60 nm region of local stress at the film-surface interface.