bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dihydroartemisinin inhibits the susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi to Plasmodium by activating Toll signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Tingting , Zheng Dan , Wang Jing , Li Xin , Yu Shasha , Liu Zhilong , Zheng Feifei , Zhao Caizhi , Yang Xuesen , Wang Ying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Malaria is a serious public health concern. Artemisinin and its derivatives are first-line drugs for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In mammals, artemisinin exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. However, it is unclear whether artemisinin plays a regulatory role in the innate immunity of mosquitoes, thereby affecting the development of Plasmodium in Anopheles when Artemisinin and its metabolites enter mosquitoes. This study aimed to determine the effect of DHA, a first-generation semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin, on innate immunity and malaria vector competence of Anopheles stephensi.
Methods
Anopheles stephensi was fed Plasmodium-infected mice treated with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) via gavage, Plasmodium-infected blood containing DHA in vitro, or DHA-containing sugar, followed by Plasmodium yoelii infection. The engorged female mosquitoes were separated and dissected 8 days after infection. Plasmodium oocysts were counted and compared between the control and DHA-treated groups. Additionally, total RNA and proteins were extracted from engorged mosquitoes 24 and 72 h post-infection (hpi). Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to detect the transcriptional levels and protein expression of immune molecules in mosquitoes. Finally, the Toll signaling pathway was inhibited via RNAi and the infection intensity was analyzed to confirm the role of the Toll signaling pathway in the effect of DHA on the vector competence of mosquitoes.
Results
DHA treatment via different approaches significantly reduced the number of Plasmodium oocysts in mosquitoes. The transcriptional levels of anti-Plasmodium immune genes, including TEP1, LRIM1, and APL1C; Toll pathway genes, including Tube, MyD88, and Rel1; and the effector Defensin 1, were upregulated by DHA treatment at 24 and 72 hpi. TEP1 and Rel1 protein expression was significantly induced under DHA treatment. However, Rel1 knockdown in DHA-treated mosquitoes abrogated DHA-mediated refractoriness to Plasmodium infection.
Conclusions
DHA treatment effectively inhibited the development of P. yoelii in An. stephensi by upregulating mosquitoes’ Toll signaling pathway, thereby influencing the susceptibility of Anopheles to Plasmodium.
TiO 2 sol-gel thin films: role of acidic and basic pH on physical characteristics
Authors: Khima Nassima , Chelouche Azeddine , Challali Fatiha , Djouadi Djamel , djermoune Athmane , bellucci Stefano , Touam Tahar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In this work, we discuss the effects of acidic and basic pH on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of TiO2 sol-gel thin films deposited on glass substrates by the dip coating method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) show that all the samples are polycrystalline and possess anatase structure with preference orientation along the (101) direction. It is found that crystallite size decreases with the increasing pH of the sol for both acidic and basic pH. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated a homogenous grain distribution and smooth surface of all films. The surface roughness is influenced by the pH of the sol. UV-visible spectroscopy revealed a higher level of transparency for all films. The deposition medium's pH significantly influences the thin films' optical properties, particularly the direct and indirect band gaps, and refractive index. Photoluminescence measurements revealed a strong violet-blue emission band whose intensity depends strongly on the pH of the sol. Particularly, the emission intensity from the film deposited at a pH value of 10 is significantly lower and exhibited a distinct spectral signature compared to the other samples.
Synthetic protein degradation circuits using programmable cleavage and ligation by Sortase A
Authors: Chen Wilfred , Yang Hopen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

BioPROTACs are heterobifunctional proteins designed for targeted protein degradation (TPD). They are useful not only for probing protein functions but also offer a therapeutic avenue for modulating disease-related proteins. To extend the use of TPD beyond just protein attenuation, we introduce a synthetic framework for logic-gated, switchable TPD to achieve temporal control of protein content. By exploiting both the cleavage and ligation functionalities of Sortase A (SrtA), we present a new strategy utilizing SrtA as the control input to direct bioPROTAC activity for switchable TPD. Furthermore, by layering the SrtA input with protease gating, new conditional degradation phenotypes can be readily adapted with minimal modifications to the design. This new Logic-gated AdPROM deploying SrtA-mediated Element Recombination (LASER) platform allows us to expand the possible protein degradation outcomes in mammalian cells using Boolean logic operationsdepending on the input combinations. The flexibility to temporally modulate the level of multiple native intracellular proteins can potentially lead to applications from therapy to diagnostics and biotechnology.
The People You Can Count on in the Italian Regions
Authors: Arnone Massimo , Leogrande Angelo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In the following article, we analyzed a variable present in the ISTAT-BES dataset, namely "People You Can Count On"-PYCC for the Italian regions. Following an analysis of the time series aimed at highlighting the trends of the regions, we created a clustering with a k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette coefficient. The data shows the presence of two clusters. We then present an econometric model aimed at estimating the value of PYCC based on a set of socio-economic variables. The results are also discussed in light of the economic policy implications.
JEL Classification: D6, D64, D9, J21, D63
NMDA and GABA Receptor-Mediated Plasticity Induced by 10-Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Kweon Jamie , Vigne Megan , Fukuda Andrew M. , Ren Boyu , Carpenter Linda L. , Brown Joshua C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Although 10-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an FDA-approved treatment for depression, we have yet to fully understand the mechanism through which rTMS induces therapeutic and durable changes in the brain. Two competing theories have emerged suggesting that 10-Hz rTMS induces N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP), or alternatively, removal of inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABARs). We examined these two proposed mechanisms of action in the human motor cortex in a double-blind, randomized, four-arm crossover study in healthy subjects. We tested motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) before and after 10-Hz rTMS in the presence of four drugs separated by 1-week each: placebo, NMDAR partial agonist d-cycloserine (DCS 100mg), DCS 100mg + NMDAR partial antagonist dextromethorphan (DMO 150mg; designed to “knock down” DCS-mediated facilitation), and GABAR agonist lorazepam (LZP 2.5mg). NMDAR agonism by DCS enhanced rTMS-induced cortical excitability more than placebo. This enhancement was blocked by combining DCS with NMDAR antagonist, DMO. If GABARs are removed by rTMS, GABAR agonism via LZP should lack its inhibitory effect yielding higher post/pre MEPs. However, MEPs were reduced after rTMS indicating stability of GABAR numbers. These data suggest that 10-Hz rTMS facilitation in the healthy motor cortex may enact change in the brain through NMDAR-mediated LTP-like mechanisms rather than through GABAergic reduction.
A comparative study on the knowledge of medical students at Al-Sham University regarding the symptoms and treatment of anaphylactic shock
Authors: Alo Jamil , Kabbani Prof. Samar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective: To compare the knowledge of human medicine students at Al-Sham University regarding the symptoms and treatment of anaphylactic shock.
Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study, in which a structured questionnaire consisting of 46 questions was created that assessed students' knowledge of anaphylactic shock and its treatment. It was directed to medical students in all years at Al-Sham Private University. Subjects were asked to answer the questionnaire and voluntary participation was considered as informed consent.
Results: Among 208 students, the percentage of those who had good knowledge of the symptoms and management of anaphylaxis was 16.7%, the percentage of those who had moderate knowledge was 23.1%, and those who had weak knowledge was 70.2%. The average knowledge score was 25.35, with a standard deviation of 11.2. The percentage of knowledge was higher among fifth-year students. Sixth, those with good and moderate income, residing in the city, unmarried, and male participants.
Conclusion: Knowledge regarding the management and symptoms of anaphylaxis was inadequate in almost all medical students studied. Improving education and training for students is essential to improve the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis.
Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (nine items version): Translation and validation in Greek
Authors: Moisoglou Ioannis , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Gallos Parisis , Kolisiati Antigoni , Tsiachri Maria , Tsakalaki Anastasia , Galanis Petros 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Work engagement is a critical issue among workers since it refers to the effective connection between workers and organizations.
Aim
To translate and validate the “Utrecht Work Engagement Scale” (UWES) (nine items version) in Greek.
Methods
Study population included 114 nurses in Greece. We performed our study during April 2024. We employed the forward-backward method to translate and adapt the UWES in Greek language. We examined the construct validity of the UWES by performing confirmatory factor analysis. We examined the concurrent validity of the UWES using the “Quiet Quitting Scale” (QQS), the single item burnout measure, and the “Global Transformational Leadership” (GTL) scale. We examined the reliability of the UWES by calculating Cronbach’s alpha.
Results
The UWES showed very good psychometric properties. Our confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure of the UWES; vigor, dedication and absorption. Concurrent validity of the Greek version of the UWES was very good. We found statistically significant correlations between the UWES and QQS (r = -0.605, p < 0.001), and GTL (r = 0.494, p < 0.001). We found that the “Utrecht Work Engagement Scale” had very good reliability since intraclass correlation coefficients for the nine items were higher than 0.813 (p < 0.001 in all cases). Moreover, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha for the UWES was 0.924.
Conclusions
The Greek version of the “Utrecht Work Engagement Scale” is a reliable and valid tool to measure work engagement among workers.
Optimizing Causal Interventions in Hybrid Bayesian Networks
Authors: Vonk Maarten , Vermetten Diederick , de Nobel Jacob , Brand Sebastiaan , Malekovic Ninoslav , Bäck Thomas , Laarman Alfons , Kononova Anna V. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Causality is increasingly integrated into decision-making processes. Often, the goal is to optimize over causal interventions to achieve specific policy objectives. However, research into causal optimization has bifurcated into either the online optimization of interventions in causal models or the offline optimization of decision rules in causal influence diagrams. This paper introduces an approximate method for offline optimizing interventions in arbitrary hybrid Bayesian networks using observational data. The optimization problem is approached by compiling discretized Bayesian networks as binary decision diagrams, whereafter running interventional queries is very efficient. This efficiency is exploited by running heuristic optimization algorithms to optimize over the interventional queries. By running experiments on a variety of large hybrid Bayesian networks, we demonstrate the practical utility of our method and discuss policy relevance.
Recent Innovations in Synthetic Methodologies and Patent Landscape of Quinoline Analogues: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Goel Tanvi Rajiv , Salahuddin  , Rana Kavita , Mazumder Avijit , Kumar Rajnish , Ahsan Mohamed Jawed , Sarafroz Mohammad , Tyagi Pankaj Kumar , Singh Saurabh 
Published: June 2024

:
Quinoline is a general group of heterocyclic compounds that have garnered much
interest in medicinal chemistry and drug development due to their wide range of pharmacological
effects. Pyridine ring fused with benzene defines the class of chemical compounds
known as quinolines. Quinoline is a weak tertiary base, also known as 1-aza-naphthalene.
Numerous patents have been filed for the synthesis of quinoline-based compounds, discussing
about their derivatives and uses. Here, we have discussed the methods of quinoline synthesis,
structural alterations, and patents showing its importance in various industries. Quinolines
have been investigated as antimalarial substances, with substances, like quinine and
chloroquine, serving as notable examples, and they have also been investigated to possess
anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and CNS activity. The synthesis of quinoline is also subjected
to several recognized procedures. The variations in the ring system and various synthetic approaches are the
key highlights of the article, and it includes the various catalysts that could be recycled and reused by the assisted
technique, which increases the yield and requires less time for the synthesis (ultrasound-promoted synthesis,
one-pot reaction, and microwave and photocatalytic reactions). The development of synthetic procedures can
help in the sustainable synthesis of quinoline derivatives.
Emerging Trends in Hybrid Nanoparticles: Revolutionary Advances and Promising Biomedical Applications
Authors: Bhardwaj Harish , Khute Sulekha , Sahu Ram Kumar , Jangde Rajendra Kumar 
Published: June 2024

:
Modern nanostructures must fulfill a wide range of functions to be valuable, leading to the combi-nation of various nano-objects into hierarchical assemblies. Hybrid Nanoparticles (HNPs), comprised of mul-tiple types of nanoparticles, are emerging as nanoscale structures with versatile applications. HNPs offer en-hanced medical benefits compared to basic combinations of distinct components. They address the limitations of traditional nanoparticle delivery systems, such as poor water solubility, nonspecific targeting, and subopti-mal therapeutic outcomes. HNPs also facilitate the transition from anatomical to molecular imaging in lung cancer diagnosis, ensuring precision. In clinical settings, the selection of nanoplatforms with superior repro-ducibility, cost-effectiveness, easy preparation, and advanced functional and structural characteristics is para-mount. This study aims toextensively examine hybrid nanoparticles, focusing on their classification, drug de-livery mechanisms, properties of hybrid inorganic nanoparticles, advancements in hybrid nanoparticle technol-ogy, and their biomedical applications, particularly emphasizing the utilization of smart hybrid nanoparticles. PHNPs enable the delivery of numerous anticancer, anti-leishmanial, and antifungal drugs, enhancing cellular absorption, bioavailability, and targeted drug delivery while reducing toxic side effects.
siRNA Treatments for Diabetic Neuropathy: Obstacles and Delivery
Techniques
Authors: Akhtar Mohammad Shabib , Mohsin Nehal , Zahak Ahmad , Ahmed Khalid Altigani Awad Alkarem , Alhazmi Yasir , Taleuzzaman Mohamad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
Targeting genes using siRNA shows promise as an approach to alleviate
symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. It focuses on neuropathies and distal symmetric
polyneuropathy (DSPN) to explore the potential use of small interfering RNA (siRNA)
as a treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Timely identification and management of
neuropathy play a critical role in mitigating potential complications. RNAi success
depends on understanding factors affecting small interfering RNA (siRNA) functionality
and specificity. These include sequence space restrictions, structural and sequence
features, mechanisms for nonspecific gene modulation, and chemical modifications.
Addressing these factors enhances siRNA performance for efficient gene silencing and
confidence in RNAi-mediated genomic studies. Diabetic retinopathy, particularly in
South Asian, African, Latin American, and indigenous populations, is a significant
concern due to its association with diabetes. Ethnicity plays a crucial role in its
development and progression. Despite declining rates in the US, global trends remain
concerning, and further research is needed to understand regional differences and
reinforce ethnicity-based screening and treatment protocols. In this regard, siRNA
emerges as a valuable instrument for early intervention strategies. While presenting
promising therapeutic applications, siRNA utilization encounters challenges within
insect pest control contexts, thereby providing insights into enhancing its delivery
mechanisms for neuropathy treatment purposes. Recent advancements in delivery
modalities, such as nanoparticles, allow for the controlled release of siRNA. More
investigation is necessary to grasp the safety and efficacy of siRNA technology fully. It
holds promise in transforming the treatment of diabetic neuropathy by honing in on
particular genes and tackling issues such as inflammation and oxidative stress.
Continuous advancements in delivery techniques have the potential to enhance patient
results significantly. SiRNA targets genes in diabetic neuropathy, curbing nerve
damage and pain and potentially preventing or delaying the condition. Customized
treatments based on genetic variations hold promise for symptom management and
enhancing quality of life.
The Hepatoprotective Effect of a Newly Synthesized 5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole Derivative based on Nalidixic Acid against CCl4 induced Oxidative Stress in Mice
Authors: Mhaidat Ibrahim , Tahat Lena , Alomari Ghada , AL-Quraan Laiali , Gharaibeh Abeer , Al-Trad Bahaa 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of a wide range of
diseases, including diabetes and cancer. Recent studies reported that the derivatives of triazole compounds have a potent antioxidant activity. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the
hepatoprotective effect of a novel newly synthesized 5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole based on nalidixic
acid [1-ethyl-3-(5-mercapto-4-(p-tolyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-7-methyl-1,8-naphthyridin] (MTTN) 3
compound against CCl4 induced oxidative stress in mice.

Materials and Methods:
The MTTN compound was synthesized through the interaction and then
cyclization of p-tolylisothiocyanate with nalidixic acid hydrazide. By using 1
H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR,
and elemental analyses, the structure of the newly synthesized MTTN compound was identified. To
investigate the hepatoprotective effect of this compound, forty BALB/c mice were divided into four
groups (n=10) as follows: the control group, the oxidative stress-induced group, which was
intraperitoneally injected with 10% CCl4 (2 mL/kg), one pre-treatment group, which was treated
orally with 200 mg/kg of MTTN compound for 8 days before being treated with CCl4 at day 8, and
one post-treatment group, which was treated orally with 200 mg/kg of MTTN compound for 8 days
simultaneously with CCl4 co-administration at days 3 and 5. At day 9, animals were scarified and
serum and liver samples were collected.

Results:
CCl4 administration caused significant hepatotoxicity as evidenced by marked elevation in
the serum activity of the liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and high blood cholesterol levels. Furthermore, the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA)
level, a marker of lipid peroxidation, was increased with CCl4 administration that was associated
with a decrease in the hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities (p < 0.05).
However, pre and post-treatment with the new newly synthesized MTTN compound significantly
reduced the serum levels of AST, ALT, and cholesterol and reduced hepatic oxidative stress as indicated by the decrease in the hepatic MDA level and the increases in the SOD and CAT activities (p <
0.05).

Conclusion:
This study suggests that the newly synthesized MTTN compound has a potent antioxidant property and can protect against CCl4-induced liver injury. Thus, with more clinical studies, this
compound may be used as effective therapeutic agents against oxidative stress related diseases.
Novel Approaches for Diagnosis and Herbal Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis - A Review
Authors: Nooreen Zulfa , Wal Pranay , Sachan Shivam , Wal Ankita , Rai Awani Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects around
0.5% of the population. Limitations in movement may result from joint damage, which causes inflammation of the joint linings and the gradual deterioration of bone and cartilage.

Objective:
This article gives a summary of the current understanding of the potential pharmacological
processes of herbal drugs, risk factors, and innovative experimental approaches in the management
of rheumatoid arthritis.

Methodology:
A thorough literature search will be performed on five computerized databases, such
as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Elsevier, and Wiley Online Library (WOL), for review
papers published between 1975 and 2023.

Results:
There are concerns about the current generation of potent synthetic rheumatoid arthritis
drugs, including toxic side effects and relapses in symptoms upon withdrawal from therapy. Because
of these constraints, RA patients are increasingly turning to herbal therapies. Due to the presence of
naturally occurring active components in medicinal plants, herbal treatments are utilized to reduce
arthritic pain and other symptoms.

Conclusion:
It emphasizes the growing significance of herbal medicines in the management of RA.
Several plants are mentioned in the research as potential treatments for RA because of their antiinflammatory properties.