bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chondroitinase ABC promotes compensatory sprouting of the intact corticospinal tract and recovery of forelimb function following unilateral pyramidotomy in adult mice
Authors: Starkey Michelle L. , Bartus Katalin , Barritt Andrew W. , Bradbury Elizabeth J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractChondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are extracellular matrix molecules whose inhibitory activity is attenuated by the enzyme chondroitinase ABC (ChABC). Here we assess whether CSPG degradation can promote compensatory sprouting of the intact corticospinal tract (CST) following unilateral injury and restore function to the denervated forelimb. Adult C57BL/6 mice underwent unilateral pyramidotomy and treatment with either ChABC or a vehicle control. Significant impairments in forepaw symmetry were observed following pyramidotomy, with injured mice preferentially using their intact paw during spontaneous vertical exploration of a cylinder. No recovery on this task was observed in vehicle‐treated mice. However, ChABC‐treated mice showed a marked recovery of function, with forelimb symmetry fully restored by 5 weeks post‐injury. Functional recovery was associated with robust sprouting of the uninjured CST, with numerous axons observed crossing the midline in the brainstem and spinal cord and terminating in denervated grey matter. CST fibres in the denervated side of the spinal cord following ChABC treatment were closely associated with the synaptic marker vGlut1. Immunohistochemical assessment of chondroitin‐4‐sulphate revealed that CSPGs were heavily digested around lamina X, alongside midline crossing axons and in grey matter regions where sprouting axons and reduced peri‐neuronal net staining was observed. Thus, we demonstrate that CSPG degradation promotes midline crossing and reinnervation of denervated target regions by intact CST axons and leads to restored function in the denervated forepaw. Enhancing compensatory sprouting using ChABC provides a route to restore function that could be applied to disorders such as spinal cord injury and stroke.
Effects of delayed‐onset muscle soreness on masticatory function
Authors: Yoshida Eiko , Lobbezoo Frank , Fueki Kenji , Naeije Machiel 
Published: October 2012

The aim was to clarify the effects of experimentally provoked delayed‐onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in the jaw‐closing muscles on subjective and objective measures of masticatory function. Twenty‐one dentate female subjects, without pain‐related signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, participated. Delayed‐onset muscle soreness was provoked with eccentric and concentric contractions of the jaw‐closing muscles using a custom‐made apparatus. At baseline, and 24 h and 1 wk after the exercises, data were gathered on the subjective measures of muscle fatigue, muscle pain, and masticatory chewing ability using visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, on the maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF), and on the food Mixing Ability Index (MAI). After 24 h, muscle fatigue and muscle pain had increased and the MAI had decreased. All had returned to baseline levels after 1 wk. There were no significant changes found in the chewing ability VAS scores and in the MVBF over time. After correction for its baseline value, the MAI after 24 h was found to be significantly related to the muscle pain after 24 h. In conclusion, DOMS in the jaw‐closing muscles can cause a decrease in the objectively scored chewing ability, while the subjectively scored chewing ability remained the same.
UCHL1 regulates ubiquitination and recycling of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM
Authors: Wobst Hilke , Förster Sarah , Laurini Christine , Sekulla Agathe , Dreiseidler Michael , Höhfeld Jörg , Schmitz Brigitte , Diestel Simone 
Published: October 2012

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is involved in neural development and in plasticity in the adult brain. NCAM140 and NCAM180 isoforms are transmembrane proteins with cytoplasmic domains that differ only in an alternatively spliced exon in the NCAM180 isoform. Both isoforms can interact with several extracellular and cytoplasmic molecules mediating NCAM‐dependent functions. Most identified intracellular interaction partners bind to both isoforms, NCAM140 and NCAM180. To identify further intracellular interaction partners specifically binding to NCAM180 the cytosolic domain of human NCAM180 was recombinantly expressed and applied onto a protein macroarray containing the protein library from human fetal brain. We identified the ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase (UCHL1) which has been described as a de‐ubiquitinating enzyme as a potential interaction partner of NCAM180. Since NCAM180 and NCAM140 are ubiquitinated, NCAM140 was included in the subsequent experiments. A partial colocalization of both NCAM isoforms and UCHL1 was observed in primary neurons and the B35 neuroblastoma cell line. Overexpression of UCHL1 significantly decreased constitutive ubiquitination of NCAM180 and NCAM140 whereas inhibition of endogenous UCHL1 increased NCAM's ubiquitination. Furthermore, lysosomal localization of NCAM180 and NCAM140 was significantly reduced after overexpression of UCHL1 consistent with a partial colocalization of internalized NCAM with UCHL1. These data indicate that UCHL1 is a novel interaction partner of both NCAM isoforms that regulates their ubiquitination and intracellular trafficking.Structured digital abstract
NCAM1 binds to UCHL1 by protein array (View interaction)
Uchl1 and NCAM180 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)
Uchl1 and NCAM1 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)
Uchl1 and NCAM140 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)
Electron transport during aceticlastic methanogenesis by Methanosarcina acetivorans involves a sodium‐translocating Rnf complex
Authors: Schlegel Katharina , Welte Cornelia , Deppenmeier Uwe , Müller Volker 
Published: October 2012

The anaerobic methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans lives under extreme energy limitation. Methanogenesis from acetate as carried out by M. acetivorans involves an anaerobic electron transport chain with ferredoxin as electron donor and heterodisulfide as electron acceptor, and so far only the heterodisulfide reductase has been shown to translocate H+. Here, we describe a second Na+‐translocating coupling site in this electron transport chain. Inside‐out membrane vesicles of M. acetivorans catalyzed Na+ transport coupled to an electron transport catalyzed by the ferredoxin:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase activity. Ionophore studies revealed that Na+ transport was primary and electrogenic. A ∆rnf mutant was unable to grow on acetate and the ferredoxin:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase‐coupled Na+ transport was abolished. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the Rnf complex of M. acetivorans is an Na+‐translocating coupling site and the entry point of electrons derived from reduced ferredoxin into the electron transport chain leading to the heterodisulfide.
Internet‐based lay person rating of facial photographs to assess effects of a cleansing product and a decent cosmetic foundation on the attractiveness of female faces
Authors: Bielfeldt S. , Henss R. , Koop U. , Degwert J. , Heinrich U. , Jassoy C. , Meyer J. , Tronnier H. , Jentzsch A. , Blume G. 
Published: October 2012

SynopsisIt is well established that decorative cosmetics can enhance female facial attractiveness. In this study, we investigated the effects of a cleanser and a decent foundation on attractiveness of female faces. Comparative rating of a set of facial photographs by a group of lay persons revealed that the cleansing product was significantly reducing the attractiveness of the stimulus persons. Treatment with the foundation increased the attractiveness of the female faces clearly. The authors conclude that even unobtrusive cosmetic treatments like cleansers and light foundations may cause relevant changes of the attractiveness of female faces.
TRBV kinetics and its association with HLA disparity and aGVHD following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Sun L. , Ren H. , Liu W. , Wang L. , Yin Y. , Li Y. , Ma X. , Qiu Z. , Cen X. , Shi Y. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryIntroductionThe relative expression of T cell receptor (TCR) beta variable (TRBV) and TCR diversity was compared between recipients receiving human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐mismatched transplants and those receiving HLA‐matched transplants, using granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐mobilized peripheral blood stem cells and bone marrow as grafts.MethodsThe kinetics of the relative expression of TRBV family members were analyzed using real‐time quantitative PCR. Additionally, the association of TRBV clonotype with acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) was determined by cloning and sequence analysis of the CDR3 region.ResultsThe TCR diversity in recipients receiving HLA‐mismatched transplants was significantly lower than in those receiving HLA‐matched transplants at 1 month and 2 months after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (both P < 0.05). However, these differences disappeared 3 months after transplantation. The relative expression of TRBV27 (n = 7 recipients) at the onset of aGVHD was higher than in corresponding donors (P = 0.025), but no significant differences were observed between recipients lacking aGVHD and their donors at serial time points after HSCT.ConclusionOur results suggest that HLA disparity may affect the relative expression of TRBV in the early phase after transplantation, and TRBV27 may be associated with the onset of aGVHD.
Evaluation of various laboratory assays in detection of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in an adult general ICU
Authors: Kapadia F. N. , Ketkar A. S. , Deshpande A. S. , Puri V. C. , Khodaiji S. J. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryIntroductionHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune‐mediated complication of heparin therapy. Our objective was (i) to compare various laboratory assays for HIT against clinical probability (4‐T score) and 14C‐serotonin release assay (SRA), which was the composite gold standard and (ii) to determine the incidence of HIT in the ICU.MethodsThe study group (n = 217) consisted of consecutive ICU patients with heparin exposure followed by thrombocytopenia. The clinical probability (4‐T score) was applied to the study group. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), particle gel immunoassay (PGIA), SRA, and platelet aggregation assay (PAA) were performed.ResultsThe 4‐T score showed that 1/217 patients had high probability, 48 had intermediate probability, and 168 had low probability for HIT. One patient was positive by SRA, three by PGIA, and 33 by ELISA. The incidence based on a combination of clinical features and laboratory findings was 1.8%.ConclusionsA greater number of false positives were observed by ELISA than by PGIA when compared to a composite gold standard of SRA and clinical probability. The incidence of SRA‐positive HIT was 0.46% (1/217).
Excessive EDTA induces morphologic changes in bone marrow smears that mimic specific features of dysplasia
Authors: Lee S.‐H. , van der Weyden C. , Mayson E. , Desai S. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryIntroductionThe WHO 2008 guidelines recommend that bone marrow (BM) slides for the morphological assessment of dysplasia should be made from freshly obtained BM specimens, and that specimens exposed to anticoagulants for more than two hours are unsatisfactory. However, BM aspirates may be exposed to excessive concentrations of anticoagulant, due to underfilling of the tube or inadequate mixing of the specimen. Here, we document the morphologic changes in BM smears resulting from exposure to excessive concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).MethodsSubjects with normal morphology in BM smears without anticoagulant were studied. Smears without anticoagulant and smears made from BM stored in excessive EDTA for 2 h at room temperature were stained with May–Grünwald Giemsa, and cell morphology was evaluated microscopically. Neutrophil and megakaryocyte size were measured using a calibrated microscope eyepiece graticule.ResultsExcessive EDTA concentrations induced progressive nuclear and cytoplasmic contraction with respective membrane damage, cell smudging and pyknotic nuclei. In the granulocytic and megakaryocytic series, hypolobated neutrophils, small neutrophils and micromegakaryocytes were increased in number. In erythroblasts, nuclear contour irregularities were induced, but in general, artifactual changes did not mimic dyserythropoiesis. With excessive EDTA concentrations, morphologic features of erythroblasts and megakaryocytes were obscured by nuclear and cytoplasmic contraction.ConclusionExcessive EDTA induces morphologic changes in BM smears that mimic the specific dysplastic features of hypolobated neutrophils, small neutrophils, and micromegakaryocytes. BM aspirates should be collected into an appropriate concentration of EDTA to minimize such artifacts.
3D geophysical inversions of the north‐east Amer Belt and their relationship to the geologic structure
Authors: Tschirhart V. , Morris W.A. , Jefferson C.W. , Keating P. , White J.C. , Calhoun L. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe Amer Lake area is located within the Churchill Structural Province in the Kivalliq Region of Nunavut, approximately 160 km north‐west of Baker Lake. Two distinct geophysical‐geological entities are structurally intercalated: an Archean mixed granitoid gneiss – metasedimentary‐metavolcanic basement and the unconformably overlying Paleoproterozoic Amer Group metasediments. From east of Amer Lake stretching toward the south‐west, these two entities form the Amer fold and thrust belt. At the north‐east end of this belt, high‐resolution aeromagnetic data define a distinctive oval shape that has been interpreted as a south‐west trending doubly plunging synform. The outcrop within the interior of this structure is sparse resulting in limited structural data and speculative geological interpretations with multiple geometries possible. The high‐resolution aeromagnetic data compiled through an industry‐government consortium and newly acquired detailed gravity profiles were modelled to provide constraints on the geometry of this synform.We document a geophysical‐geological feedback process whereby the available geological and geophysical data were used to derive constraints on inversion models for the synform. Starting with available limited litho‐structural data the presence of a double plunging synform was directly inferred from the aeromagnetic data. Segments of the aeromagnetic data have 2D morphology and so can be modelled using a simple parametric 2D dipping slab inversion approach. Models of profiles extracted from the aeromagnetic data were used to provide preliminary dip and magnetic susceptibility constraints for the Three Lakes mudstone with iron formation and the Five Mile Lake basalt. Landsat imagery outlined the spatial limits of the stratigraphically underlying, non‐magnetic Ayagaq quartzite. Incorporating these outputs as bounds in the input / reference model for a UBC‐GIF 3D magnetic inversion helped to accentuate the geological structure in the output mesh: an enhanced inversion that incorporates both geological and geophysical constraints. The validity of the resulting inversion model was tested by computing 2D forward models of the gravity profile data. The inversion model generated by this study emphasizes the importance of integrating information from as many knowledge sources as one can find. More trust can be placed on forward and inversion models where there is agreement among all data sets and a coherency of structural style.
Building starting models for full waveform inversion from wide‐aperture data by stereotomography
Authors: Prieux Vincent , Lambaré Gilles , Operto Stéphane , Virieux Jean 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTBuilding an accurate initial velocity model for full waveform inversion (FWI) is a key issue to guarantee convergence of full waveform inversion towards the global minimum of a misfit function. In this study, we assess joint refraction and reflection stereotomography as a tool to build a reliable starting model for frequency‐domain full waveform inversion from long‐offset (i.e., wide‐aperture) data. Stereotomography is a slope tomographic method that is based on the inversion of traveltimes and slopes of locally‐coherent events in a data cube. One advantage of stereotomography compared to conventional traveltime reflection tomography is the semi‐automatic picking procedure of locally‐coherent events, which is easier than the picking of continuous events, and can lead to a higher density of picks. While conventional applications of stereotomography only consider short‐offset reflected waves, we assess the benefits provided by the joint inversion of reflected and refracted arrivals. Introduction of the refracted waves allows the construction of a starting model that kinematically fits the first arrivals, a necessary requirement for full waveform inversion. In a similar way to frequency‐domain full waveform inversion, we design a multiscale approach of stereotomography, which proceeds hierarchically from the wide‐aperture to the short‐aperture components of the data, to reduce the non‐linearity of the stereotomographic inversion of long‐offset data. This workflow which combines stereotomography and full waveform inversion, is applied to synthetic and real data case studies for the Valhall oil‐field target. The synthetic results show that the joint refraction and reflection stereotomography for a 24‐km maximum offset data set provides a more reliable initial model for full waveform inversion than reflection stereotomography performed for a 4‐km maximum offset data set, in particular in low‐velocity gas layers and in the deep part of a structure below a reservoir. Application of joint stereotomography, full waveform inversion and reverse‐time migration to real data reveals that the FWI models and the reverse‐time migration images computed from the stereotomography model shares several features with FWI velocity models and migrated images computed from an anisotropic reflection‐traveltime tomography model, although stereotomography was performed in the isotropic approximation. Implementation of anisotropy in joint refraction and reflection stereotomography of long‐offset data is a key issue to further improve the accuracy of the method.
Moveout approximation for vertical seismic profile geometry in a 2D model with anisotropic layers
Authors: Blias Emil 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTI introduce a new explicit form of vertical seismic profile (VSP) traveltime approximation for a 2D model with non‐horizontal boundaries and anisotropic layers. The goal of the new approximation is to dramatically decrease the cost of time calculations by reducing the number of calculated rays in a complex multi‐layered anisotropic model for VSP walkaway data with many sources. This traveltime approximation extends the generalized moveout approximation proposed by Fomel and Stovas. The new equation is designed for borehole seismic geometry where the receivers are placed in a well while the sources are on the surface. For this, the time‐offset function is presented as a sum of odd and even functions. Coefficients in this approximation are determined by calculating the traveltime and its first‐ and second‐order derivatives at five specific rays. Once these coefficients are determined, the traveltimes at other rays are calculated by this approximation. Testing this new approximation on a 2D anisotropic model with dipping boundaries shows its very high accuracy for offsets three times the reflector depths. The new approximation can be used for 2D anisotropic models with tilted symmetry axes for practical VSP geometry calculations. The new explicit approximation eliminates the need of massive ray tracing in a complicated velocity model for multi‐source VSP surveys. This method is designed not for NMO correction but for replacing conventional ray tracing for time calculations.
Convergence improvement and noise attenuation considerations for beyond alias projection onto convex sets reconstruction
Authors: Gao Jianjun , Stanton Aaron , Naghizadeh Mostafa , Sacchi Mauricio D. , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTA reconstruction method known as Projection Onto Convex Sets (POCS) is an effective, uncomplicated and robust method for the recovery of irregularly missing seismic traces. However, slow convergence of the POCS reconstruction method could jeopardize its computational appeal. For this reason, we investigate the performance of the POCS reconstruction method in terms of different threshold schedules and present a new data driven threshold that leads to an efficient implementation of the POCS method. In particular, we show that high quality solutions can be obtained in a few iterations. In addition, we address an important issue with the classical implementations of POCS reconstruction in that they cannot interpolate regularly missing data. To solve this problem, we introduce a masking operator that is based on a dominant dip scanning method into the POCS iteration. At the end, we present a variant of the POCS method that permits de‐noising seismic volumes during the reconstruction stage. This is achieved by defining a weighted trace re‐insertion strategy that alleviates the influence of noisy traces in the final reconstruction of the seismic volume. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method using synthetic and field data.
Species‐rich dung beetle communities buffer ecosystem services in perturbed agro‐ecosystems
Authors: Beynon Sarah A. , Mann Darren J. , Slade Eleanor M. , Lewis Owen T. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryMany studies document high levels of functional redundancy in ecosystems, suggesting that species extinctions will not be detrimental to ecosystem functions and services. However, apparently redundant taxa may prove critical for sustaining ecosystem functions and services in the context of environmental perturbations.Dung beetles (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae) provide a valuable ecosystem service in temperate agro‐ecosystems by increasing rates of dung decomposition and nutrient cycling. However, there is concern that these services may be negatively affected by changes in species richness and composition due to changes in pasture management and negative effects of anthelmintics used to control livestock parasites.We used a mesocosm experiment to investigate the functional importance of dung beetle species richness in a system perturbed by the anthelmintic, ivermectin. We varied dung beetle species richness within three functional groups in factorial combination with ivermectin treatment.In the short term (1–4 weeks), multi‐species dung beetle assemblages achieved higher decomposition rates than monocultures, but only in ivermectin‐treated dung. Varying species‐specific sensitivities to ivermectin meant that species‐rich assemblages sustained ecosystem functioning in the context of this anthropogenic perturbation.Over the longer term (36 weeks), there was a significant, positive effect of species richness on dung decomposition in both ivermectin‐treated and untreated dung, underlining the functional importance of maintaining a species‐rich dung processing community even in the absence of perturbations to the system.Synthesis and applications. The interacting effects of dung beetle species richness and ivermectin highlight the importance of maintaining diverse assemblages in the face of anthropogenic perturbations and suggest that apparent functional redundancy of species in agro‐ecosystems should be interpreted cautiously. Furthermore, different farm management practices (e.g. pesticide use and fragmentation of habitats) may have consequences for ecosystem functions and services that exceed the effects of each when considered in isolation.