bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B34: Breast cancer risk factors and screening practices among Hispanics subgroups in the United States
Authors: Diaz-Santana Mary Vanellys , Reeves Katherine W. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Hispanics are the fastest growing minority group in the United States (US). In the US, breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among Hispanic women. Differences observed in BC risk by Hispanic origin may be due to variations in the exposure to known BC risk factors. However the heterogeneity of the prevalence of BC risk factors among Hispanic subgroups has not been characterized. We sought to assess differences in BC screening and the distribution of BC risk factors among US Hispanic women by subgroups using data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey. We compared modifiable BC risk factors (body mass index, physical activity, alcohol use, and smoking) and BC screening (mammogram use) among Hispanic subgroups (Mexican American, South/Central American, Caribbean American, Other Hispanic) using multinomial logistic regression. After adjusting for several confounders, South/Central American women were less likely (OR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.57-1.02) and women from Other Hispanic origin were more likely (OR=1.49; 95% CI: 0.90-2.46) to be obese compared to Mexican Americans. Also, compared to Mexican Americans, women of Other Hispanic origin were more likely to be former and current smokers (OR=1.38; 95% CI: 0.77-3.56; OR=3.52; 95% CI: 2.03-6.11, respectively). Caribbean American women were 49% (OR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.35-0.74) less likely to meet the national guidelines for physical activity as compared to Mexican American women. Among women aged 40 years and older, Caribbean American women were 40% (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.07-1.83) more likely to have had a mammogram in the past 12 months as compared to Mexican Americans. These data demonstrate important breast cancer risk factor differences among Hispanic subgroups. The current findings will be useful for developing interventions targeted to reduce the burden of BC among Hispanic women.
Citation Format: Mary Vanellys Diaz-Santana, Katherine W. Reeves. Breast cancer risk factors and screening practices among Hispanics subgroups in the United States. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B34.
Abstract B41: Hyperlipidemia and prostate cancer in African American men
Authors: Springfield Sparkle , Murphy Adam , Chukwudozie Beverly Ifeanyi , Martin Iman , Ahaghotu Chiledum , Kittles Rick 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Background: African American men suffer disproportionately from prostate cancer. Evidence suggests that hyperlipidemia may increase prostate cancer risk; however, studies examining the disease processes within African American men are limited. We evaluated hyperlipidemia in African American men with and without prostate cancer (PCa) to investigate new and existing associations of serum lipid levels and prostate cancer risk.
Methods: From 2000 to 2004, 250 African American men, aged 40-97 years were recruited from an urban academic urology clinic. Cases had histologically confirmed prostate cancer. Controls were men without clinical cancer who were seen at the same clinic. Hyperlipidemia was defined as patient having one or more of the following: high triglycerides (&gt;200mg/dL), high LDL (&gt;160mg/dL), and/or high total cholesterol(&gt;240mg/dL) serum levels. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between lipid exposures and PCa. The adjusted model included age,family history of prostate cancer, obesity, alcohol use, annual income, and Gleason index.
Results: From the patient population, we obtained 141 incident PCa cases and 109 healthy controls. We observed a significant association between hyperlipidemia (OR= 1.7 [1.0-3.1]; unadjusted) and PCa, as well as hypertriglyceridemia (OR= 2.1[1.0-4.5]; adjusted) and PCa. Hypertriglyceridemia showed significant associations with aggressive disease (Gleason≥7) in both unadjusted (OR = 2.8[1.1–7.4]) and adjusted models (OR = 3.5 [1.1–10.7]). Both income (OR=2.2[1.1-4.0]) and alcohol (OR=0.5[0.3-0.9]) were significantly associated with PCa. Furthermore, we observed significant interaction between hyperlipidemia and obesity (OR=4.7[1.0-21.8]; adjusted). There were no associations found between hypercholesterolemia or elevated LDL serum and PCa.
Conclusions: This study adds to recent evidence that hyperlipidemia has a positive relationship with PCa in African American men.
Citation Format: Sparkle Springfield, Adam Murphy, Beverly Ifeanyi Chukwudozie, Iman Martin, Chiledum Ahaghotu, Rick Kittles. Hyperlipidemia and prostate cancer in African American men. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B41.
Abstract B53: Racial variation in the uptake of a 21-tumor gene assay in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study cohort
Authors: Roberts Megan C. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Reeder-Hayes Katie , Dusetzina Stacie B. , Dinan Michaela , Weinberger Morris 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Background: In 2004, a 21-gene assay became commercially available with the potential to aid adjuvant chemotherapy treatment decision-making for women with early stage, hormone receptor positive breast cancer. This assay predicts not only risk of recurrence, but also benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. With its incorporation into clinical practice guidelines in 2007, this assay may reduce overuse of adjuvant chemotherapy for eligible women and improve the quality of care for women with breast cancer. We examine whether racial differences in the use of the 21-gene assay exists among a large, representative sample of women with breast cancer who receive care in diverse health care settings.
Methods: Data come from Phase III of the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS-III), a unique and rich dataset that includes survey and medical record abstraction data for 3000 women (1500 white, 1500 black) across North Carolina with invasive breast cancer diagnoses between 2008 and 2013. We will build logistic regression models to examine the impact of race on the use of this assay among women ages 20-74 with early-stage, hormone receptor positive, invasive breast cancer. We will control for patient-level tumor, treatment, and demographic characteristics.
Results: We will present preliminary results regarding racial variation in the uptake of this assay. Furthermore, we will compare the characteristics of women who use the assay with the characteristics of those who do not.
Conclusions: As genomic technologies shift cancer treatment towards personalized therapies, it is critical to understand utilization patterns across racial subgroups. This study will examine whether racial differences exist in the use of a 21-gene assay. Ultimately, these data will be important to understand how genomic technologies may influence racial disparities in cancer processes and outcomes.
Citation Format: Megan C. Roberts, Stephanie B. Wheeler, Katie Reeder-Hayes, Stacie B. Dusetzina, Michaela Dinan, Morris Weinberger. Racial variation in the uptake of a 21-tumor gene assay in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study cohort. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B53.
Abstract B63: Disparities in lung cancer incidence rates and trends by histologic type in the United States, 2004-2009
Authors: Houston Keisha , Henley S. Jane , Li Jun , White Mary C. , Richards Thomas B. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Objective: Surveillance of lung cancer by histology type is important for monitoring population trends that have implication for etiology and prevention, clinical diagnosis, prognosis and choice of targeted therapies. This study provides a comprehensive and recent description of disparities in histologic lung cancer incidence rates and trends for U.S. adults.
Methods: Histologic lung cancer incidence was analyzed from CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. Standardized rates and trends were calculated for men and women by age, race/ethnicity, and U.S. Census region. Rate ratios were examined for differences in rates between men and women, and annual percent change was calculated to quantify changes in incidence rates over time.
Results: Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were the two most common histologic subtypes. Adenocarcinoma rates continued to increase in men and women, and squamous cell rates increased in women only. All histologic subtype rates for white women exceeded rates for black women, and histologic rates for black men exceeded those for white men, except for small cell carcinoma where rates were higher among white men. Among both men and women, the rate for Hispanics was nearly half the rate for non-Hispanic (NH) blacks and NH whites. Men had higher incidence rates than women for race and ethnic groups, but the relative size of this difference by sex was higher for NH blacks, NH Asian/Pacific Islanders and Hispanics compared with NH whites. The relative difference in incidence rates between men and women was slightly lower for NH American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations than for whites. Differences between men and women living in the West were less pronounced compared to those living in other Census regions.
Conclusion: The variations observed by race and ethnicity, continuing rise in incidence rates of lung adenocarcinoma, and rise of squamous cell cancer rates in women suggest more research is needed to comprehensively understand factors that may be contributing to observed differences in lung cancer histology. Identification of these factors acting in addition to, or in synergy with cigarette smoking, may provide public health agencies with guidance for targeted messages to groups at higher risk.
Citation Format: Keisha Houston, S. Jane Henley, Jun Li, Mary C. White, Thomas B. Richards. Disparities in lung cancer incidence rates and trends by histologic type in the United States, 2004-2009. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B63.
Abstract B64: Cancer clinical trials: Real answers, real options, real miracles, right here in West Michigan
Authors: Gavin Patrick W. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Mission Statement:
“Cancer survivors sharing clinical trial experiences to increase awareness and knowledge in the search for prevention and cure.”
Vision Statement:
Our goal is to increase the awareness of cancer clinical trials available in West Michigan. The Patient Advisory Committee for Clinical Research was formed to capture the passion that clinical trial participants possess in searching for a cure for a disease that has personally affected them. Fear often accompanies a cancer diagnosis. The vision is to replace fear with the knowledge that is brought through clinical trials. The Patient Advisory Committee for Clinical Research's objective is to make cancer clinical trials information available and increase general public awareness of this treatment option.
Citation Format: Patrick W. Gavin. Cancer clinical trials: Real answers, real options, real miracles, right here in West Michigan. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B64.
Abstract B88: Examining differences in HPV knowledge, vaccine awareness, and acceptability between U.S. Hispanic and island Puerto Rican women
Authors: Morales-Campos Daisy Y. , Vanderpool Robin C. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Background: Despite having guidelines recommending vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) and widespread coverage for the vaccine, HPV vaccination rates among U.S. Hispanic and island Puerto Rican (PR) girls are low. In 2012, only 16% of PR girls aged 11–18 and 42% of U.S. Hispanic girls aged 13-17 were vaccinated with all three HPV vaccine doses; far fewer than the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80%. Parents are crucial to the success of HPV vaccine uptake efforts. Few studies focusing on parents have examined possible differences in HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptability within ethnic groups. The purpose of the study is to assess potential differences in HPV knowledge, vaccine awareness, and acceptability between U.S. Hispanic and island PR women.
Methods: We utilized data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 2007 and HINTS Puerto Rico 2009. For the current study, we restricted our analyses to female respondents in both surveys for a total sample of 792 women (n = 375; U.S. Hispanic HINTS 2007 and n = 417; Puerto Rican HINTS-PR 2009). Using the Wald chi-square test, we assessed if there were significant differences in HPV knowledge, vaccine awareness, and acceptability between U.S. Hispanics and island PR women.
Results: Island PR women had significantly higher HPV vaccine awareness (66.9% vs. 61.0%; Wald X2 F(1, 97) = 16.03, p &lt; .001) and were more accepting of the HPV vaccine for a real or hypothetical daughter (74.8% vs. 56.1%; Wald X2 F(2, 96) = 7.18, p &lt; .001) compared to U.S. Hispanic women. Both groups were highly knowledgeable that HPV causes cancer (89.2% in both samples) and HPV is a sexually transmitted infection (78.1% [U.S. Hispanics] and 84.7% [PR]). Less than 10% of both groups recognized that HPV can go away on its own without treatment.
Conclusions: Our study found that island PR women were more aware of and accepting of the HPV vaccine when compared to U.S. Hispanic women. Future research should further explore these in-group differences to determine what in the PR socio-cultural context or environment may have led to higher HPV vaccine awareness and acceptability. Findings may also assist in developing culturally appropriate health education programs and media to promote HPV vaccination among both groups.
Citation Format: Daisy Y. Morales-Campos, Robin C. Vanderpool. Examining differences in HPV knowledge, vaccine awareness, and acceptability between U.S. Hispanic and island Puerto Rican women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B88.
Abstract IA12: Collaborators to the Sovereigns: Learning from history to make new chapters in research with American Indians and Alaska Natives
Authors: Haring Rodney C. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Purpose/Objective(s): Cancer death rates in the US have declined. However, this trend is not true for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) where rates have remained unchanged. Further, AI/ANs have experienced the poorest five-year cancer survival rates of all racial and ethnic groups. The presentation will touch upon the historical traumas and contemporary resiliencies which have had influences on health behaviors, lifestyles, and the investigations of disparities among AI/AN Peoples and communities. The objectives will include 1) the movement of tribes exerting research sovereignty; 2) sharing the state of the science about bio-ethics in the landscapes of Indigenous Peoples; and 3) how cancer centers and academic institutions are becoming effective partners in the research process. Newsworthy exemplars of research in Indian Country will be shared.
Materials/Methods: This multifaceted presentation will share 1) research sovereignty through a tribal protocol and recommendations from the US Health and Human Services, AI/AN Research Advisory Council; 2) experiences gained from work with cancer and bio-ethics projects with an AI/AN urban population; 3) how legal cases such as Havasupai vs. Arizona State University have shaped new chapters in research with AI/AN Nations and lastly, 4) a showcase of challenges and resiliencies of Native Nations and their response to various types of health disparity research.
Summary: The literature discussed provides a foundation for understanding cancer and health disparity research from a historical perspective that should inform future practices. This includes the importance of building relationships, community based participation, tribally driven research agendas, the sharing of sovereign philosophies, and the highlighting of resiliencies.
Conclusions: The development of respectful relationships is important to solidify trust in AI/AN communities where researchers intend to collaborate. This is especially true in sensitive research fields such as genetics, bio-specimen, and cancer and health disparity clinical trials. Community based participatory research should be implemented from the beginning with the community in an effort to jointly build research agendas that are both scientifically novel and beneficial to AI/AN landscapes.
Citation Format: Rodney C. Haring. Collaborators to the Sovereigns: Learning from history to make new chapters in research with American Indians and Alaska Natives. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
Abstract IA19: Regulation of 53BP1 in BRCA1-deficient cells: Why vitamin D matters and how disparities in vitamin D levels could promote aggressive TNBC in women of color
Authors: Gonzalo Susana 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. BRCA1-deficient and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are particularly aggressive, strike younger, Hispanic and African American women, and are most difficult to treat. These tumors exhibit DNA repair defects, making them vulnerable to DNA damaging therapies. Currently, the most promising therapeutic agents are poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), which render cells already deficient in DNA repair, with an unbearable load of DNA damage. Excitement about PARPi has been fueled by clinical trials showing that these compounds, either as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy, have very encouraging outcomes in BRCA1-related and TNBC and with minimal toxicity. However, a significant fraction of these cancers acquire resistance to PARPi. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that confer PARPi resistance will have a big therapeutic impact.
Elegant studies demonstrated that loss of the DNA repair factor 53BP1 contributes to progression of BRCA1-deficient and TNBC and to their resistance to PARPi. Thus, raising the levels of 53BP1 in these tumors could represent a new therapeutic strategy. Our team identified a new pathway modulating the levels of 53BP1, which could be exploited to stabilize protein levels. We found that BRCA1-deficient cells activate the degradation of 53BP1 by the protease cathepsin-L (CTSL), and that CTSL inhibition by vitamin D stabilizes 53BP1, reduces proliferation, and increases PARPi and radiation sensitivity. Our studies in human breast tumors also suggest that deficiencies in vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis, more prevalent in women of color, could underlie the activation of CTSL-mediated degradation of 53BP1 in BRCA1-deficient and TNBC. Our current studies are testing the ability of vitamin D treatment to reduce the growth of BRCA1-deficient and TNBC cells, as well as their resistance to PARPi, providing a novel modality of treatment for these cancer patients.
Citation Format: Susana Gonzalo. Regulation of 53BP1 in BRCA1-deficient cells: Why vitamin D matters and how disparities in vitamin D levels could promote aggressive TNBC in women of color. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA19.
Abstract IA48: Cultural determinants of disparities in lung cancer care and outcomes
Authors: Wisnivesky Juan 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The outcome of patients with lung cancer remains poor, particularly among individuals of ethnic and racial minorities. Two well-documented causes for the currently observed disparities in survival are diagnosis at a more advanced stage and lower rates of indicated treatment of minority patients. The underlying reasons for these disparities however, are not clear. A range of potential explanations have been suggested including patient-level (beliefs, preferences, and expectations regarding lung cancer care), physician-level (biases, stereotyping, and uncertainty), patient-provider interaction-level (barriers in cross-cultural relationships) and system-level (health system organization, accessibility) factors. Understanding the influence and relative importance of these factors is an important first step towards designing interventions to improve the outcomes of minority patients with lung cancer.
In this presentation, we will review the underlying reasons for the observed disparities in stage at diagnosis, treatment, and end-of-life care of minority patients, with a particular focus on cultural factors. We will discuss results from a recently completed, four-site study assessing behavioral and cultural barriers to appropriate diagnosis and treatment of minorities with lung cancer. Our focus will be on potentially modifiable barriers that could be the target for future interventions aimed at reducing disparities in care.
Citation Format: Juan Wisnivesky. Cultural determinants of disparities in lung cancer care and outcomes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA48.
Abstract IA51: Ethnic disparities in chronic liver disease in the U.S
Authors: Poordad Fred 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Chronic liver disease is the 12th leading cause of death in the US, but ranks 6th among Hispanics. Cirrhosis rates are highest in Hispanics, followed by blacks and whites. In the 45-64 year age groups, chronic liver disease is the 3rd leading cause of death in Hispanics.
Much of this disparity is driven by the frequency of fatty liver disease, which occurs in 45% of Hispanics, 33% of blacks and 24% of whites. Other risk factors for liver disease include viral hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Many of these risk factors are more common in the Mexican American and black populations compared to whites. Largely for this reason, hepatocellular cancer rates are highest in Hispanics, after Asians and Pacific Islanders. These trends are expected to continue.
Citation Format: Fred Poordad. Ethnic disparities in chronic liver disease in the U.S. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA51.