bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring CEOs: can insider-dominated boards do a good job?
Authors: Wang Yuwei 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the monitoring effectiveness of insider-dominated boards and outsider-dominated boards on different types of CEOs.

Design/methodology/approach
– To test whether boards monitor inside CEOs and outside CEOs differently and to compare the sizes of the effects across board types, the paper relates CEO resignations to performance measure. The paper tests the hypotheses using logit models to estimate the probability of a CEO change.

Findings
– It is widely believed that only an outsider-dominated board can provide effective management oversight. The paper finds evidence supporting this view after categorized CEOs based on their affiliation with their firms upon hire. However, the paper also documents that after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), an insider-dominated board is just as effective as an outsider board in monitoring if the CEO was initially hired from outside of the firm. This suggests that there is no difference between insider and outsider board monitoring of outside CEOs. Therefore, after SOX, as far as board monitoring is concerned, what matters is the independence between the CEO and the firm rather than the board structure itself.

Research limitations/implications
– If effective board monitoring is the reason of the revised listing standards approved by Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 2003 to require companies listed on NYSE or Nasdaq to have a board that is composed of a majority of independent (or outsider) directors, the paper has provided more flexibility and choices to the listed firms. For example, firms that will be better off with insider boards can choose to hire outside CEOs because monitoring effects on outside CEOs are the same regardless of board types after SOX.

Originality/value
– The results of this paper have interesting implication. First, the paper has shown that an outsider-dominated board is still a better monitor even after categorized CEOs based on their affiliation with their firms upon hire. Second, if effective board monitoring is the reason of the revised listing standards approved by SEC in 2003 to require companies listed on NYSE or Nasdaq to have a board that is composed of a majority of independent (or outsider) directors, the paper has provided more flexibility and choices to the listed firms. For example, firms that will be better off with insider boards can choose to hire outside CEOs because monitoring effects on outside CEOs are the same regardless of board types after SOX.
Yield differences between coupon and principal STRIPS
Authors: Vonhoff Volker 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– Coupon and principal Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPS) maturing at the same date often trade at different yields. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper analyzes for the first time the maturity structure of these differences for the US Treasury STRIPS market.

Findings
– The paper surprisingly finds that short-term coupon STRIPS persistently trade at lower yields whereas long-term coupon STRIPS trade at higher yields compared to matched-maturity principal STRIPS.

Originality/value
– An integrated analysis of Treasury STRIPS and the underlying notes market allows us to isolate two determinants: first, properties of the underlying notes that spill over to principal STRIPS, and second, the liquidity of coupon STRIPS measured by stripping activity and stripping volume.
A long-term assessment of research productivity in accounting and finance departments in UK: 1991-2010
Authors: C. Chan Kam , Chang Chih-Hsiang , Y. Tong Jamie , (Frank) Zhang Feida 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to conduct an assessment of the research productivity of the accounting and finance community in UK higher education institutions (HEIs) during 1991-2010 using 44 high-quality accounting and finance journals.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors follow Chan et al. (2011) to use their 22 finance journals. For accounting journals, the paper includes a set of 24 accounting journals that were used in a global accounting ranking study by Chan et al. (2007). The paper uses the number of coauthors (n) and coaffiliations (M) to derive the weighted articles as the measurement metric.

Findings
– In general, the research output in terms of weighted articles steadily increases during the 20-year period. The University of Manchester, London School of Economics, and London Business School are the top-three HEIs using 44 accounting and finance journals for the full sample. The authors also find that it is a challenge to publish multiple articles. If an author is able to manage five total appearances, he/she is in the top 16 percent among the 1,447 UK authors. Furthermore, the paper finds that many highly productive authors are able to move to different jobs during the 20-year period.

Research limitations/implications
– The assessment of research productivity is, unavoidably, based on a set of selected accounting and finance journals. Hence, no matter what journal screening criteria the paper uses, there is always a subjective element in the process. If other journals or more/less journals were to be included in a similar study, different results may emerge. As a way to extend the value of the research, it would be interesting to obtain broader institutional knowledge, such as the tenure requirements of HEIs in UK, and information on the institutions where faculty members obtained their doctoral degrees, so that the authors can better evaluate the research productivity among accounting and finance community in the UK.

Originality/value
– The paper conducts an assessment of the research productivity of accounting and finance community in UK HEIs during 1991-2010 using 44 high-quality accounting and finance journals. The study fills the gap of the extant literature to compliment the assessment of the UK accounting and finance departments in RAEs.
The importance of embodied energy in carbon footprint assessment
Authors: Alwan Zaid , Jones Paul 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The construction industry has focused on operational and embodied energy of buildings as a way of becoming more sustainable, however, with more emphasis on the former. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact that embodied energy of construction materials can have on the decision making when designing buildings, and ultimately on the environment. This is an important aspect that has often been overlooked when calculating a building's carbon footprint; and its inclusion this approach presents a more holistic life cycle assessment.

Design/methodology/approach
– A building project was chosen that is currently being designed; the design team for the project have been tasked by the client to make the facility exemplary in terms of its sustainability. This building has a limited construction palette; therefore the embodied energy component can be accurately calculated. The authors of this paper are also part of the design team for the building so they have full access to Building Information Modelling (BIM) models and production information. An inventory of materials was obtained for the building and embodied energy coefficients applied to assess the key building components. The total operational energy was identified using benchmarking to produce a carbon footprint for the facility.

Findings
– The results indicate that while operational energy is more significant over the long term, the embodied energy of key materials should not be ignored, and is likely to be a bigger proportion of the total carbon in a low carbon building. The components with high embodied energy have also been identified. The design team have responded to this by altering the design to significantly reduce the embodied energy within these key components – and thus make the building far more sustainable in this regard.

Research limitations/implications
– It may be is a challenge to create components inventories for whole buildings or for refurbishments. However, a potential future approach for is application may be to use a BIM model to simplify this process by imbedding embodied energy inventories within the software, as part of the BIM menus.

Originality/value
– This case study identifies the importance of considering carbon use during the whole-life cycle of buildings, as well as highlighting the use of carbon offsetting. The paper presents an original approach to the research by using a “live” building as a case study with a focus on the embodied energy of each component of the scheme. The operational energy is also being calculated, the combined data are currently informing the design approach for the building. As part of the analysis, the building was modelled in BIM software.
Research measurement of knowledge advances in building maintenance issues
Authors: Falorca Jorge , Calejo Rodrigues R. , Mendes da Silva R. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to assess the general progress of Building Maintenance knowledge, to ascertain the growth of the whole body of literary production, and to determine which research lines may require further development.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using several means of support, a detailed survey of over 2,000 titles of publications was made. The survey data were grouped into six pre-defined bibliographic indicators. The survey results were gradually organized into a database and MS Excel features were used for the subsequent process of counting and statistical analysis.

Findings
– The results allowed the authors to develop an approximate growth model of the literature and provided indications of possible gaps in the development of knowledge.

Research limitations/implications
– To allow for a more extensive analysis of the problem, this study was structured differently to a traditional literature review.

Practical implications
– This study offers an overview of the evolution of building maintenance literature to researchers and institutions. A dynamic bibliographic database was also created which could be useful for those who perform management functions.

Originality/value
– The approach of this study differs from other known studies in the area of building maintenance. This study releases an approximate measurement of advances made in the knowledge of a particular subject.
Psychophysical correlations, synchronicity and meaning
Authors: Atmanspacher Harald 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe dual‐aspect framework which Jung developed with Wolfgang Pauli implies that psychophysical phenomena are neither reducible to physical processes nor to conscious mental activity. Rather, they constitute a radically novel kind of phenomena, deriving from correlations between the physical and the mental. In synchronistic events, a particular subclass of psychophysical phenomena, these correlations are explicated as experienced meaning.
Skeletal Muscle Loss Is Negatively Associated With Single‐Pool Kt/V and Dialysis Duration in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Morishita Yoshiyuki , Kubo Kazuya , Haga Yumi , Miki Atushi , Ishibashi Kenichi , Kusano Eiji , Nagata Daisuke 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe evaluated the skeletal muscle loss in hemodialysis (HD) patients by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and handgrip strength test. Thirty‐four HD patients and 16 healthy subjects (control group) were measured for skeletal muscle mass normalized as the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), calculated as skeletal muscle mass (kg)/height (m)2 using a tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance plethysmograph. Handgrip strength test was also performed using a hand dynamometer in both groups. In HD patients, the associations of SMI and handgrip strength with age, sex, HD conditions, and HD parameters such as body mass index (BMI), single‐pool Kt/V (spKt/V), normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), creatinine generation rate (CGR) and serum albumin level (Alb) were investigated. SMI of HD patients (4.58 ± 0.95 kg/m2) was significantly lower than that of the control group (5.55 ± 0.80 kg/m2, P < 0.01). The handgrip strength of HD patients (19.9 ± 7.74 kg) was also significantly lower than that of the control group (33.0 ± 8.94 kg, P < 0.01). In HD patients, HD duration was associated with both SMI and handgrip strength. Among HD parameters, spKt/V was negatively associated with both SMI and handgrip strength, BMI and Alb were positively associated with SMI, while nPCR and CGR were associated with neither SMI nor handgrip strength. HD duration independently contributed to skeletal muscle loss and the value of spKt/V may be affected by skeletal muscle loss in HD patients.
Investigation of Factors Affecting the Six‐Minute Walk Test Results in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kono Kenichi , Nishida Yusuke , Moriyama Yoshihumi , Yabe Hiroki , Taoka Masahiro , Sato Takashi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRenal anemia, uremic myopathy, and malnutrition are some of the factors that affect the results of the 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) in hemodialysis patients. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle dysfunction caused by skeletal myolysis, protein hypercatabolism, and mitochondrial deficiency are strongly related factors. The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors that affect the 6MWT results in hemodialysis patients to assess their exercise tolerance. The study included 43 outpatients from the hemodialysis unit. The 6MWT was performed, and knee extension strength, 1‐leg standing time, and grip were measured. In addition, the subjects' characteristics such as age, preexisting coronary artery disease, hemoglobin level, total iron binding capacity, serum albumin level, creatinine generation rate, and normalized protein catabolic rate were investigated. A stepwise multiple regression model was used to examine the factors affecting the 6MWT results. Multiple regression analysis revealed that knee extension strength (β = 0.446, P = 0.001), total iron binding capacity (β = −0.299, P = 0.021), and preexisting coronary artery disease (β = −0.272, P = 0.035) significantly affected the 6MWT results (R = 0.66, R2 = 0.44). The 6MWT in hemodialysis patients was strongly affected by muscle strength, iron deficiency anemia, and preexisting coronary artery disease, suggesting that resistance training is important for improving 6MWT results. Our findings indicate that iron deficiency and cardiac function should be assessed before exercising or undergoing an exercise tolerance test.
Is additional hyperbaric oxygen therapy cost‐effective for treating ischemic diabetic ulcers? Study protocol for the Dutch DAMOCLES multicenter randomized clinical trial 对缺血性糖尿病溃疡患者额外进行高压氧治疗的成本效益如何？荷兰DAMOCLES多中心随机临床试验的研究方案
Authors: Stoekenbroek Robert M , Santema Trientje B , Koelemay Mark JW , van Hulst Rob A , Legemate Dink A , Reekers Jim A , Ubbink Dirk T 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe value of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of diabetic ulcers is still under debate. Available evidence suggests that HBOT may improve the healing of diabetic ulcers, but it comes from small trials with heterogeneous populations and interventions. The DAMOCLES‐trial will assess the (cost‐)effectiveness of HBOT for ischemic diabetic ulcers in addition to standard of care.MethodsIn a multicenter randomized clinical trial, including 30 hospitals and all 10 HBOT centers in the Netherlands, we plan to enroll 275 patients with Types 1 or 2 diabetes, a Wagner 2, 3 or 4 ulcer of the leg present for at least 4 weeks, and concomitant leg ischemia, defined as an ankle systolic blood pressure of <70 mmHg, a toe systolic blood pressure of <50 mmHg or a forefoot transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcpO2) of <40 mmHg. Eligible patients may be candidates for revascularization. Patients will be randomly assigned to standard care with or without 40 HBOT‐sessions.ResultsPrimary outcome measures are freedom from major amputation after 12 months and achievement of, and time to, complete wound healing. Secondary endpoints include freedom from minor amputations, ulcer recurrence, TcpO2, quality of life, and safety. In addition, we will assess the cost‐effectiveness of HBOT for this indication.ConclusionThe DAMOCLES trial will be the largest trial ever performed in the realm of HBOT for chronic ulcers, and it is unique for addressing patients with ischemic diabetic foot ulcers who may also receive vascular reconstructions. This matches the treatment dilemma in current clinical practice.
Effects of Lactobacillus casei supplementation on disease activity and inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Alipour Beitullah , Homayouni‐Rad Aziz , Vaghef‐Mehrabany Elnaz , Sharif Sakineh Khatoun , Vaghef‐Mehrabany Leila , Asghari‐Jafarabadi Mohammad , Nakhjavani Mohammad Reza , Mohtadi‐Nia Javad 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimThe present study aimed at investigating the effects of Lactobacillus casei 01 supplementation on symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in women.MethodIn this randomized double‐blind clinical trial, female patients with established RA for more than 1 year, 20–80 years of age and body mass index (BMI) lower than 40, who followed stable medication for 3 months prior to the supplementation, were randomly allocated to receive either one capsule containing 108 colony forming units (CFU) of L. casei 01, or a placebo for 8 weeks; allocation was stratified by BMI and menopausal status. Disease activity score‐28 (DAS28) was calculated, European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response was evaluated and the cytokines, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were measured.ResultsThirty patients were recruited in each group; 22 and 24 patients were analyzed in the probiotic and placebo groups, respectively. L. casei 01 supplementation decreased serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels, tender and swollen joint counts, global health (GH) score and DAS28 (P < 0.05). More patients in the L. casei 01 group had moderate response to the treatment, based on the EULAR criteria, at the end of the study (P < 0.01). At the end of the study, a significant difference was observed between the two groups for IL‐10, IL‐12 and TNF‐α changes through the study course (P < 0.05), in favor of the probiotic group. No adverse effects were reported for the intervention.ConclusionProbiotic supplementation may be an appropriate adjunct therapy for RA patients and help alleviate symptoms and improve inflammatory cytokines.
FCGR3B copy number loss rather than gain is a risk factor for systemic lupus erythematous and lupus nephritis: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Yuan Jin , Zhao Dongbao , Wu Lijun , Xu Xia , Pang Yafei , Zhang Jun , Ma Yanyun , Liu Jie , Wang Jiucun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimSome studies have been performed to elucidate the association between Fc gamma receptor 3B (FCGR3B) copy number (CN) and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and/or lupus nephritis (LN), yet the results remain conflicting. Therefore, we have undertaken a systematic review of all the studies published and carried out a meta‐analysis to obtain a better understanding of the role of FCGR3B CN in the susceptibility of SLE and LN.MethodA computerized literature search was conducted in databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge for all studies investigating the association between FCGR3B CN and SLE and/or LN, published up to May 2013.ResultsA total of six articles meeting all of the criteria were included in this study. There were five comparisons of SLE between 2490 patients and 4286 controls, and four comparisons of LN between 689 patients and 1924 controls. Our results showed that individuals with FCGR3B CN gain did not suffer an increased risk of SLE or LN as compared to the normal genotype in the total analysis (SLE: OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.79–1.45, P = 0.65; LN: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.47–1.46, P = 0.52). However, individuals with FCGR3B CN loss exhibited an increased risk of SLE or LN (SLE: OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.51–2.06, P < 0.00001; LN: OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.59–2.57, P < 0.00001).ConclusionOur meta‐analysis indicated that FCGR3B CN loss rather than CN gain was associated with susceptibility to SLE and LN.
Seasonal and plant‐dependent variations in diversity, abundance and stress tolerance of epiphytic yeasts in desert habitats
Authors: Abu‐Ghosh Said , Droby Samir , Korine Carmi 
Published: March 2014

SummaryWe studied the epiphytic yeast species of the plants of the Negev Desert and the Dead Sea region, Israel, which are considered one of the most extreme hyper‐arid lands in the world. For this purpose, we developed isolation protocols; we performed morphological, cultural and molecular identification tests and compared yeast diversity between the locations and the plants. The composition of the yeast populations present in the study's plants underwent seasonal fluctuations, whereas differences in community compositions were significant within sites. The maximum number of species of yeast occurred in autumn and Cryptococcus spp. were predominant year round. The isolated yeast strains showed an unusual tolerance to extreme growth conditions, such as high temperatures (up to 72% viability at 50°C), lethal hydrogen peroxide and NaCl concentrations. These results suggest that epiphytic yeasts inhabit the plants of the Dead Sea region and the Negev Desert have a community structure that is unique to the plant species and have a high tolerance to the harsh conditions that enables them to adapt to an arid ecosystem.
The fungus gardens of leaf‐cutter ants undergo a distinct physiological transition during biomass degradation
Authors: Huang Eric L. , Aylward Frank O. , Kim Young‐Mo , Webb‐Robertson Bobbie‐Jo M. , Nicora Carrie D. , Hu Zeping , Metz Thomas O. , Lipton Mary S. , Smith Richard D. , Currie Cameron R. , Burnum‐Johnson Kristin E. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryLeaf‐cutter ants are dominant herbivores in ecosystems throughout theNeotropics that feed on fungus gardens cultivated on fresh foliar biomass. Although recent investigations have shed light on how plant biomass is degraded in fungus gardens, the cycling of nutrients that takes place in these specialized microbial ecosystems is still not well understood. Here, using metabolomic and metaproteomic techniques, we examine the dynamics of nutrient turnover in these gardens. Our results reveal that numerous free amino acids and sugars are depleted throughout the process of biomass degradation, indicating that easily accessible nutrients from plant material are readily consumed by microbes in these ecosystems. Accumulation of cellobiose and lignin derivatives near the end of the degradation process is consistent with previous characterization of lignocellulases produced by the fungal cultivar of the ants. Our results also suggest that ureides may be an important source of nitrogen in fungus gardens, especially during nitrogen‐limiting conditions. No free arginine was detected in our metabolomic experiments despite evidence that the host ants cannot produce this amino acid, suggesting that biosynthesis of this metabolite may be tightly regulated in fungus gardens. These results provide new insights into microbial community‐level processes that underlie this important ant‐fungus symbiosis.