bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Turnover and Core Temperature on Mount Rainier
Authors: Hailes Walter S. , Cuddy John S. , Slivka Dustin S. , Hansen Kent , Ruby Brent C. 
Published: August 2012

Objective Hydration is an important logistical consideration for persons performing in austere environments because water demands must be balanced with the burden of carrying water. Methods Seven novice climbers participated in a study to determine the hydration kinetics and core temperatures associated with a successful summit of Mount Rainier. Ingestible radio-equipped thermometer capsules were swallowed to monitor core temperature, and an oral dose of deuterium (0.12 ± 0.02 g · kg−1 body weight) was administered to determine hydration kinetics. Results Mean core temperature throughout the 5.5-hour climb to Camp Muir (3000 m) was 37.6 ± 0.3°C. Water turnover was 95.0 ± 17.5 mL · kg−1 · 24 h−1 over the duration of the 43-hour study. There was a trend for reduced body mass from before (75.9 ± 13.0 kg) to after (74.8 ± 12.5 kg) the climb ( P = .06), and urine specific gravity increased from before (1.013 ± 0.002) to after (1.022 ± 0.006) the climb ( P = .004). Conclusions Hydration demands of climbing Mount Rainier are highly elevated despite modest fluctuations in core temperature. Participants experienced hypohydration but were able to maintain sufficient hydration to successfully summit Mount Rainier and return home safely.
The Epidemiology of Caving Injuries in the United States
Authors: Stella-Watts Alejandro C. , Holstege Christopher P. , Lee Jae K. , Charlton Nathan P. 
Published: August 2012

Objective Caving is a demanding sport practiced throughout the world. Currently, there are no collective data analyzing injury mechanism or type in these austere environments. This study is a retrospective analysis of caving incidents documented by the National Speleological Society (NSS)—American Caving Accidents (ACA) annual publication. Methods This study retrospectively analyzes 877 incident reports collected between 1980 and 2008 by NSS-ACA. For each victim, the month, year, location, age, gender, incident type, injury zone of the body, injury type, the result of the incident, and time intervals for rescue were extracted. Results A total of 1356 victims were identified; 83% of victims were male, 17% were female. Ages ranged from 2 to 69 years old, with an average of 27 years. The greatest number of events occurred in summer months, peaking in July. The most common incident leading to traumatic injury was a caver fall (74%), also contributing to 30% of caver fatalities. Lower extremities were most commonly injured (29%), followed by the upper extremities and head (21% and 15%, respectively). Fractures comprised 41% of injuries, followed by lacerations (13%), bruise, hematoma, and abrasions (12%), and sprains and strains (7%). Conclusions The majority of injuries were not life threatening; however, over the course of 28 years there were 81 documented fatalities. Similar to other studies of wilderness injuries, fractures, soft tissue injuries, and lacerations were prominent in this study. In general, the overall precipitating event leading to injuries is falling, leading to orthopedic trauma. To better prepare cave rescue teams we have attempted to describe the characteristics of caving injuries in the United States.
Julia sets converging to filled quadratic Julia sets
Authors: KOZMA ROBERT T. , DEVANEY ROBERT L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this paper we consider singular perturbations of the quadratic polynomial $F(z) = z^2 + c$ where $c$ is the center of a hyperbolic component of the Mandelbrot set, i.e., rational maps of the form $z^2 + c + \lambda /z^2$. We show that, as $\lambda \rightarrow 0$, the Julia sets of these maps converge in the Hausdorff topology to the filled Julia set of the quadratic map $z^2 + c$. When $c$ lies in a hyperbolic component of the Mandelbrot set but not at its center, the situation is much simpler and the Julia sets do not converge to the filled Julia set of $z^2 + c$.
To the Members of the Institute
Authors: Vischer Hanns 
Published: August 2012

With the death of Monsieur René Hentsch at Geneva the Institute has lost a great friend, whose understanding and generous assistance were of the greatest help in the days when the plans for our Institute were laid and the first steps were taken which led to its foundation as an international body in 1926.We are glad to announce two more additions to the membership of our Interim Committee: Dr. W. Huender of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs; and Monsieur J. Soustelle, who is replacing General Sicé during his absence abroad.Members will be glad to hear that, following on recent events, we have again been able to get into touch with the Institut Français de l'Afrique Noire at Dakar and our member, Professor Monod, its Director.Since our last issue, another of the books embodying the results of studies in the field by our Fellows has been published. It is The Realm of a Rain Queen, A Study of the Pattern of Lovedu Society, by Dr. and Mrs. J. D. Krige. We hope to publish a review of this book in October.On going to press, 58 entries have been received for the Prize Essay Competition. The latest date for sending off manuscripts was 1 April 1943, but, in order to allow for delays in the post, manuscripts will be accepted up to the end of June.
Maternal dietary glycaemic load during pregnancy and gestational weight gain, birth weight and postpartum weight retention: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Knudsen Vibeke K. , Heitmann Berit L. , Halldorsson Thorhallur I. , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Olsen Sjurdur F. 
Published: August 2012

Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load (GL) have been related to obesity and other health outcomes. The objective of the present study was to examine the associations between maternal dietary GL and gestational weight gain, birth weight, the risk of giving birth to a child large-for-gestational age (LGA) or small-for-gestational age and postpartum weight retention (PPWR). Data were derived from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002), including data on gestational and lifestyle factors in pregnancy and 18 months postpartum. Dietary data were collected using a validated FFQ. Information on birth outcome was obtained through registers. A total of 47 003 women were included. The associations between the GL and birth outcome, gestational weight gain, assessed between weeks 12 and 30 of gestation, and PPWR were analysed by linear and logistic regression. Birth weight increased by 36 g from the lowest to highest GL quintile (95 % CI 19, 53 g), and an increased risk of LGA of 14 % was detected in the highest GL quintile compared with the lowest GL quintile. Among normal-weight and overweight women, higher gestational weight gain rates were detected in the highest GL quintile (26 g/week (95 % CI 19, 34) and 30 g/week (95 % CI 13, 46), respectively). The association between the GL and PPWR was most pronounced among pre-pregnant obese women, with an increase in weight retention of 1·3 (95 % CI 0·2, 2·8) kg from the lowest to highest GL quintile. The GL may play a role for excessive gestational weight gain and PPWR, which may be more pronounced among overweight and obese women.
The transnasal flexible laryngoesophagoscope as an adjunct during surgical correction of choanal atresia
Authors: Fitzgerald O'Connor E J , Phillips J S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntroduction:We report the first published description of transoral use of the transnasal flexible laryngoesophagoscope during surgical correction of choanal atresia.Case report:A four-month-old boy was referred to the ear, nose and throat department by his general practitioner with a two-week history of left-sided, watery, green, nasal discharge. A diagnosis of choanal atresia was made. The child underwent successful surgical correction which incorporated transoral use of a transnasal flexible laryngoesophagoscope.Discussion:When used transorally, the transnasal flexible laryngoesophagoscope's ability to provide omnidirectional visualisation together with high definition picture clarity significantly improves the operative field of view. This endoscope's incorporated suction and insufflation functions and its facility to pass extra instruments via the endoscope port are of particular advantage for this type of procedure.
Occupations, work characteristics and common mental disorder
Authors: Stansfeld S. A. , Pike C. , McManus S. , Harris J. , Bebbington P. , Brugha T. , Hassiotis A. , Jenkins R. , Meltzer H. , Moran P. , Clark C. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundThe present study aimed to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs) by occupation in a representative sample of the English adult population. Another aim was to examine whether the increased risk of CMD in some occupations could be explained by adverse work characteristics.MethodWe derived a sample of 3425 working-age respondents from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007. Occupations were classified by Standard Occupational Classification group, and CMD measured by the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. Job characteristics were measured by questionnaire, and tested as explanatory factors in associations of occupation and CMD.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, gender, housing tenure and marital status, caring personal service occupations had the greatest risk of CMD compared with all occupations (odds ratio 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.16–2.58). The prevalence of adverse psychosocial work characteristics did not follow the pattern of CMD by occupation. Work characteristics did not explain the increased risk of CMDs associated with working in personal service occupations. Contrary to our hypotheses, adding work characteristics individually to the association of occupation and CMD tended to increase rather than decrease the odds for CMD.ConclusionsAs has been found by others, psychosocial work characteristics were associated with CMD. However, we found that in our English national dataset they could not explain the high rates of CMD in particular occupations. We suggest that selection into occupations may partly explain high CMD rates in certain occupations. Also, we did not measure emotional demands, and these may be important mediators of the relationship between occupation type and CMDs.
The extra burdens patients in denial impose on their family caregivers
Authors: Kogan Naomi R. , Dumas Michelle , Cohen S. Robin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of advanced cancer patients' denial on their family caregivers and how they cope, in order to enable clinicians to better support them and their caregiving.Method:As the objective was to obtain clinically useful findings, an interpretive descriptive design was used. Data consisted of prospective semi-structured interviews with 16 family caregivers of advanced cancer patients in denial, field notes, reflexive journals, and memos during the analysis.Results:Caregivers experienced extra burdens with the patient's denial. Feeling bound to preserve the denial, which they perceived as immutable, they were prevented from seeking information to manage the patient's care. Additionally, those caring for noncompliant patients felt disenfranchised from their role, resulting in feelings of powerlessness and guilt, and felt burdened by managing medical situations that arose from noncompliance. Caregivers described the ambivalence of feeling frustrated and burdened by the denial while recognizing it as a long-standing coping pattern for the patient. The denial prevented them from acknowledging their own needs to the patients or seeking informal support. They therefore developed solitary coping strategies, sought professional psychosocial support, and/or employed denial themselves.Significance of results:Caregivers of patients in denial experience added burdens, which they must bear without most of the usual sources of support. The burden is accentuated when patients are noncompliant with care, placing themselves in dangerous situations. Healthcare providers should identify patients in denial and support their caregivers in meeting both their caregiving and their own needs. Evidence-based strategies to accomplish this should be developed and implemented.
Is there a 60‐year oscillation in global mean sea level?
Authors: Chambers Don P. , Merrifield Mark A. , Nerem R. Steven 
Published: August 2012

We examine long tide gauge records in every ocean basin to examine whether a quasi 60‐year oscillation observed in global mean sea level (GMSL) reconstructions reflects a true global oscillation, or an artifact associated with a small number of gauges. We find that there is a significant oscillation with a period around 60‐years in the majority of the tide gauges examined during the 20th Century, and that it appears in every ocean basin. Averaging of tide gauges over regions shows that the phase and amplitude of the fluctuations are similar in the North Atlantic, western North Pacific, and Indian Oceans, while the signal is shifted by 10 years in the western South Pacific. The only sampled region with no apparent 60‐year fluctuation is the Central/Eastern North Pacific. The phase of the 60‐year oscillation found in the tide gauge records is such that sea level in the North Atlantic, western North Pacific, Indian Ocean, and western South Pacific has been increasing since 1985–1990. Although the tide gauge data are still too limited, both in time and space, to determine conclusively that there is a 60‐year oscillation in GMSL, the possibility should be considered when attempting to interpret the acceleration in the rate of global and regional mean sea level rise.
Impact of abrupt deglacial climate change on tropical Atlantic subsurface temperatures
Authors: Schmidt Matthew W. , Chang Ping , Hertzberg Jennifer E. , Them Theodore R. , Ji Link , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. 
Published: August 2012

Both instrumental data analyses and coupled ocean-atmosphere models indicate that Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability is tightly linked to abrupt tropical North Atlantic (TNA) climate change through both atmospheric and oceanic processes. Although a slowdown of AMOC results in an atmospheric-induced surface cooling in the entire TNA, the subsurface experiences an even larger warming because of rapid reorganizations of ocean circulation patterns at intermediate water depths. Here, we reconstruct high-resolution temperature records using oxygen isotope values and Mg/Ca ratios in both surface- and subthermocline-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from a sediment core located in the TNA over the last 22 ky. Our results show significant changes in the vertical thermal gradient of the upper water column, with the warmest subsurface temperatures of the last deglacial transition corresponding to the onset of the Younger Dryas. Furthermore, we present new analyses of a climate model simulation forced with freshwater discharge into the North Atlantic under Last Glacial Maximum forcings and boundary conditions that reveal a maximum subsurface warming in the vicinity of the core site and a vertical thermal gradient change at the onset of AMOC weakening, consistent with the reconstructed record. Together, our proxy reconstructions and modeling results provide convincing evidence for a subsurface oceanic teleconnection linking high-latitude North Atlantic climate to the tropical Atlantic during periods of reduced AMOC across the last deglacial transition.
Origin of a needle-like granular structure for ultrananocrystalline diamond films grown in a N2/CH4 plasma
Authors: Sankaran K J , Kurian J , Chen H C , Dong C L , Lee C Y , Tai N H , Lin I N 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Microstructural evolution as a function of substrate temperature (T
S) for conducting ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films is systematically studied. Variation of the sp2 graphitic and sp3 diamond content with T
S in the films is analysed from the Raman and near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectra. Morphological and microstructural studies confirm that at T
S = 700 °C well-defined acicular structures evolve. These nanowire structures comprise sp3 phased diamond, encased in a sheath of sp2 bonded graphitic phase. T
S causes a change in morphology and thereby the various properties of the films. For T
S = 800 °C the acicular grain growth ceases, while that for T
S = 700 °C ceases only upon termination of the deposition process. The grain-growth process for the unique needle-like granular structure is proposed such that the CN species invariably occupy the tip of the nanowire, promoting an anisotropic grain-growth process and the formation of acicular structure of the grains. The electron field emission studies substantiate that the films grown at T
S = 700 °C are the most conducting, with conduction mediated through the graphitic phase present in the films.
FACETS: multi-faceted functional decomposition of protein interaction networks
Authors: Seah Boon-Siew , Bhowmick Sourav S. , Forbes Dewey C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMotivation: The availability of large-scale curated protein interaction datasets has given rise to the opportunity to investigate higher level organization and modularity within the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network using graph theoretic analysis. Despite the recent progress, systems level analysis of high-throughput PPIs remains a daunting task because of the amount of data they present. In this article, we propose a novel PPI network decomposition algorithm called FACETS in order to make sense of the deluge of interaction data using Gene Ontology (GO) annotations. FACETS finds not just a single functional decomposition of the PPI network, but a multi-faceted atlas of functional decompositions that portray alternative perspectives of the functional landscape of the underlying PPI network. Each facet in the atlas represents a distinct interpretation of how the network can be functionally decomposed and organized. Our algorithm maximizes interpretative value of the atlas by optimizing inter-facet orthogonality and intra-facet cluster modularity.Results: We tested our algorithm on the global networks from IntAct, and compared it with gold standard datasets from MIPS and KEGG. We demonstrated the performance of FACETS. We also performed a case study that illustrates the utility of our approach.Contact: seah0097@ntu.edu.sg or assourav@ntu.edu.sgSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at the Bioinformatics online.Availability: Our software is available freely for non-commercial purposes from: http://www.cais.ntu.edu.sg/∼assourav/Facets/
Satellite remote sensing of primary productivity in the Bering and Chukchi Seas using an absorption-based approach
Authors: Hirawake Toru , Shinmyo Katsuhito , Fujiwara Amane , Saitoh Sei-ichi 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Hirawake, T., Shinmyo, K., Fujiwara, A., and Saitoh, S. 2012. Satellite remote sensing of primary productivity in the Bering and Chukchi Seas using an absorption-based approach. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . Ocean colour remote sensing has been utilized for studying primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean. However, phytoplankton chlorophyll a (Chl a) is not predicted accurately because of the interference of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and non-algal particles (NAP). To enhance the estimation accuracy, a phytoplankton absorption-based primary productivity model (ABPM) was applied to the Bering and Chukchi Seas. The phytoplankton absorption coefficient was determined correctly from sea surface remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) and reduced the effect of CDOM and NAP in primary productivity (PPeu) estimates. PPeu retrieved from in situ Rrs using the ABPM satisfied a factor of 2 of measured values. PPeu estimated from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Rrs data were within the range of historical values. These estimated PPeu values were less than half of those of the model based on Chl a, and the difference between the two models reflected the influence of CDOM and NAP absorptions. Interannual variation in August and September over the period 2002–2010 showed an increase in primary productivity. The increase in 2007 was especially large, by a factor of 1.51–2.71, compared with 2006. The significant temporal increase in productivity detected here differs from earlier studies that detected little, if any, change in the region.
Proteomic Analysis of Chloroplast-to-Chromoplast Transition in Tomato Reveals Metabolic Shifts Coupled with Disrupted Thylakoid Biogenesis Machinery and Elevated Energy-Production Components
Authors: Barsan Cristina , Zouine Mohamed , Maza Elie , Bian Wanping , Egea Isabel , Rossignol Michel , Bouyssie David , Pichereaux Carole , Purgatto Eduardo , Bouzayen Mondher , Latché Alain , Pech Jean-Claude 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA comparative proteomic approach was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins in plastids at three stages of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening (mature-green, breaker, red). Stringent curation and processing of the data from three independent replicates identified 1,932 proteins among which 1,529 were quantified by spectral counting. The quantification procedures have been subsequently validated by immunoblot analysis of six proteins representative of distinct metabolic or regulatory pathways. Among the main features of the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition revealed by the study, chromoplastogenesis appears to be associated with major metabolic shifts: (1) strong decrease in abundance of proteins of light reactions (photosynthesis, Calvin cycle, photorespiration) and carbohydrate metabolism (starch synthesis/degradation), mostly between breaker and red stages and (2) increase in terpenoid biosynthesis (including carotenoids) and stress-response proteins (ascorbate-glutathione cycle, abiotic stress, redox, heat shock). These metabolic shifts are preceded by the accumulation of plastid-encoded acetyl Coenzyme A carboxylase D proteins accounting for the generation of a storage matrix that will accumulate carotenoids. Of particular note is the high abundance of proteins involved in providing energy and in metabolites import. Structural differentiation of the chromoplast is characterized by a sharp and continuous decrease of thylakoid proteins whereas envelope and stroma proteins remain remarkably stable. This is coincident with the disruption of the machinery for thylakoids and photosystem biogenesis (vesicular trafficking, provision of material for thylakoid biosynthesis, photosystems assembly) and the loss of the plastid division machinery. Altogether, the data provide new insights on the chromoplast differentiation process while enriching our knowledge of the plant plastid proteome.