bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing load‐balanced virtual backbones in probabilistic wireless sensor networks via multi‐objective genetic algorithm
Authors: He Jing (Selena) , Ji Shouling , Beyah Raheem , Xie Ying , Li Yingshu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA connected dominating set (CDS) is used as a virtual backbone (VB) for efficient routing and broadcasting in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Currently, almost all existing works focus on constructing minimum‐sized CDS under the deterministic network model. However, because of the existence of many probabilistic lossy links in WSNs, it is more practical to obtain a VB under the realistic probabilistic network model (PNM). Moreover, load‐balance factor cannot be neglected when constructing a VB to prolong network lifetime. Hence, in this paper, we propose a multi‐objective genetic algorithm to construct a load‐balanced VB under PNM. Through simulations, we demonstrate that our proposed methods extend network lifetime by 69% on average compared with the existing state‐of‐the‐art approaches. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
As Little as Needed: The Extraordinary Case of a Mild Recessive Osteopetrosis Owing to a Novel Splicing Hypomorphic Mutation in the TCIRG1 Gene
Authors: Sobacchi Cristina , Pangrazio Alessandra , Lopez Antonio González-Meneses , Gomez Diego Pascual-Vaca , Caldana Maria Elena , Susani Lucia , Vezzoni Paolo , Villa Anna 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Mutations in the TCIRG1 gene, coding for a subunit of the osteoclast proton pump, are responsible for more than 50% of cases of human malignant autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO), a rare inherited bone disease with increased bone density owing to a failure in bone resorption. A wide variety of mutations has been described, including missense, nonsense, small deletions/insertions, splice-site mutations, and large genomic deletions, all leading to a similar severe presentation. So far, to the best of our knowledge, no report of a mild phenotype owing to recessive TCIRG1 mutations is present neither in our series of more than 100 TCIRG1-dependent ARO patients nor in the literature. Here we describe an 8-year-old patient referred to us with a clinical diagnosis of ARO, based on radiological findings; of note, no neurological or hematological defects were present in this girl. Surprisingly, we identified a novel nucleotide change in intron 15 of the TCIRG1 gene at the homozygous state, leading to the production of multiple aberrant transcripts, but also, more importantly, of a limited amount of the normal transcript. Our results show that a low level of normal TCIRG1 protein can dampen the clinical presentation of TCIRG1-dependent ARO. On this basis, a small amount of protein might be sufficient to rescue, at least partially, the severe ARO phenotype, and this is particularly important when gene therapy approaches are considered. In addition, we would also recommend that the TCIRG1 gene be included in the molecular diagnosis of mild forms of human ARO. © 2014 Italian National Research Council. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Importance of Previous Fracture Site on Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Incident Fractures in Women
Authors: Morin Suzanne N , Lix Lisa M , Leslie William D 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Previous fracture increases the risk of subsequent fractures regardless of the site of the initial fracture. Fracture risk assessment tools have been developed to guide clinical management; however, no discrimination is made as to the site of the prior fracture. Our objective was to determine which sites of previous nontraumatic fractures are most strongly associated with a diagnosis of osteoporosis, defined by a bone mineral density (BMD) T-score of ≤ −2.5 at the femoral neck, and an incident major osteoporotic fracture. Using administrative health databases, we conducted a retrospective historical cohort study of 39,991women age 45 years and older who had BMD testing with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Logistic regression and Cox proportional multivariate models were used to test the association of previous fracture site with risk of osteoporosis and incident fractures. Clinical fractures at the following sites were strongly and independently associated with higher risk of an osteoporotic femoral neck T-score after adjustment for age: hip (odds ratio [OR], 3.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.04–4.21), pelvis (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.66–3.0), spine (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.77–2.62), and humerus (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.49–2.02). Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustment for age and femoral neck BMD, showed the greatest increase in risk for a major osteoporotic fracture for women who had sustained previous fractures of the spine (hazard ratio [HR], 2.08; 95% CI, 1.72–2.53), humerus (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.44–2.01), patella (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.10–2.18), and pelvis (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.04–2.02). In summary, our results confirm that nontraumatic fractures in women are associated with osteoporosis at the femoral neck and that the site of previous fracture impacts on future osteoporotic fracture risk, independent of BMD. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Neuropeptide Y Attenuates Stress-Induced Bone Loss Through Suppression of Noradrenaline Circuits
Authors: Baldock PA , Lin S , Zhang L , Karl T , Shi Y , Driessler F , Zengin A , Hörmer B , Lee NJ , Wong IPL , Lin EJD , Enriquez RF , Stehrer B , During MJ , Yulyaningsih E , Zolotukhin S , Ruohonen ST , Savontaus E , Sainsbury A , Herzog H 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Chronic stress and depression have adverse consequences on many organ systems, including the skeleton, but the mechanisms underlying stress-induced bone loss remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that neuropeptide Y (NPY), centrally and peripherally, plays a critical role in protecting against stress-induced bone loss. Mice lacking the anxiolytic factor NPY exhibit more anxious behavior and elevated corticosterone levels. Additionally, following a 6-week restraint, or cold-stress protocol, Npy-null mice exhibit three-fold greater bone loss compared to wild-type mice, owing to suppression of osteoblast activity. This stress-protective NPY pathway acts specifically through Y2 receptors. Centrally, Y2 receptors suppress corticotropin-releasing factor expression and inhibit activation of noradrenergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus. In the periphery, they act to control noradrenaline release from sympathetic neurons. Specific deletion of arcuate Y2 receptors recapitulates the Npy-null stress response, coincident with elevated serum noradrenaline. Importantly, specific reintroduction of NPY solely in noradrenergic neurons of otherwise Npy-null mice blocks the increase in circulating noradrenaline and the stress-induced bone loss. Thus, NPY protects against excessive stress-induced bone loss, through Y2 receptor-mediated modulation of central and peripheral noradrenergic neurons. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Influence of Leadership on Job Satisfaction: The Moderating Effects of Follower Individual‐Level Masculinity–Femininity Values
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam , Lines Rune 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe current study examined whether employee individual‐level masculinity–femininity values moderate the relationship between leadership styles (structural, human resource, political, and symbolic) and employee job satisfaction. Overall, the research provided support for the impact of individual‐level masculinity–femininity on follower reactions to various leadership behaviors. The findings indicated that followers who scored high on feminine orientation perceived a weaker relationship between all leadership behaviors and job satisfaction. Followers with more masculine values associated more perceptions of job satisfaction with human resource, political, and symbolic leadership and viewed leaders' structural behaviors as less important for satisfaction at work.
That “Most Inexhaustible of All Topics”: Reflections on the Leadership Studies Curriculum at the Jepson School
Authors: Peart Sandra J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe curriculum at the University of Richmond's Jepson School of Leadership Studies draws upon the liberal arts to advance the understanding of leadership and the challenges of ethical and effective engagement in society. We examine leadership questions using a diverse set of disciplinary lenses, weave the study of ethics throughout the curriculum, and emphasize that leadership is contextual: leaders operate within a complex set of culturally determined norms.
An automatized homogenization procedure via pairwise comparisons with application to Argentinean temperature series
Authors: Hannart Alexis , Mestre Olivier , Naveau Philippe 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe describe a fully automatized homogenization procedure and illustrate it on Argentinean weather station temperature series. The procedure relies on multiple pairwise comparisons between a candidate station and its surrounding stations. The main advantage of this approach is to get around the difficulty of defining a reliable reference series; its main drawback is to often require visual attribution and grouping of shifts resulting in too high a cost in human time for implementation on large datasets. Here, we fully automatize these two steps by using a probabilistic metric of similarity between shifts which is leveraged within two optimized clustering schemes. Simulation results show performance improvements versus both visual inspection and the automatized procedure of Menne MJ, Williams CN, Jr. 2009. Homogenization of temperature series via pairwise comparisons. J. Clim. 22: 1700–1717. Implementation on Argentinean temperature series results in the identification and removal of numerous inhomogeneities; corrected series reveal stronger and spatially smoother warming trends.
Quality of life in cochlear implantees: Comparing utility values obtained through the Medical Outcome Study Short‐Form Survey‐6D and the Health Utility Index Mark 3
Authors: Arnoldner Christoph , Lin Vincent Y. , Bresler Richard , Kaider Alexandra , Kuthubutheen Jafri , Shipp David , Chen Joseph M. 
Published: February 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the changes in health‐related quality of life in unilateral adult cochlear implant patients using the Medical Outcome Study Short‐Form Survey‐36 (SF‐36) and the Health Utility Index Mark 3 (HUI‐3). To do so, a health utility index was obtained by converting the SF‐36 to the Medical Outcome Study Short‐Form Survey‐6D (SF‐6D) to permit comparison with HUI‐3 scores in the context of health preference as measured by quality‐adjusted life years.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsEighty‐one postlingually deaf adult patients undergoing cochlear implantation completed the SF‐36 and HUI‐3 preoperatively and at a median of 1.4 years (range, 11 months–5 years) after cochlear implantation.ResultsThe SF‐36 improvement was statistically significant in two domains. The SF‐36 data were converted to SF‐6D. Preoperatively, the mean SF‐6D utility score was 0.575 ± 0.056. One year postoperatively this score increased to 0.590 ± 0.064. The improvement of 0.015 ± 0.082 was not statistically significant (P = .1118). Of the HUI‐3 attributes, two showed improvement between preoperative and postoperative evaluations. The overall HUI‐3 score increased from 0.464 ± 0.207 preoperatively to 0.611 ± 0.190 postoperatively. The gain of 0.146 ± 0.19 was statistically significant (P < .0001). The intraclass correlation coefficient between the SF‐6D and HUI‐3 showed a very small correlation, both pre‐ and postoperatively.ConclusionsAgainst the backdrop of diminishing resources for healthcare, cost‐effective analysis is fast becoming an important tool. There remains a strong need for health‐related quality‐of‐life instruments that can truly reflect the benefit of cochlear implantation, in which utility estimates are fundamentally important. The SF‐36 scores, when converted to SF‐6D, do not correlate well with HUI‐3 scores in a cohort of adult cochlear implant recipients. The HUI‐3 remains the most appropriate tool for this patient group.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 124:2586–2590, 2014
A clinical and biological evaluation of a novel, noninvasive radiofrequency device for the long‐term reduction of adipose tissue
Authors: Boisnic Sylvie , Divaris Marc , Nelson Andrew A. , Gharavi Nima M. , Lask Gary P. 
Published: February 2014

Background and ObjectiveA novel, noninvasive technology, utilizing suction‐coupled radiofrequency (RF) heating and ultra‐short pulse duration, high‐voltage electrical pulses was studied for its efficacy and safety on adipose tissue reduction.MethodsTwenty‐one subjects underwent treatment of their abdominal fat once weekly for 6 weeks. Clinical outcomes including abdominal circumference, adipose tissue thickness (measured by ultrasound), adipose tissue weight, body weight, and clinical photographs were obtained at visits 1 and 3 months after last treatment. Adverse events were recorded. Three subjects, who were undergoing a future elective abdominoplasty, were treated with the same protocol, but on only one side of the abdomen before abdominoplasty. Biopsies from the RF‐treated and untreated sides were harvested during abdominoplasty and cultured; measurements of adipocyte size and shape, rate of apoptosis, collagen production, and dermal thickness were determined.ResultsSignificant clinical improvements (P < 0.05) were observed for the following clinical outcomes: reduction of abdominal circumference (113.4–110.7 cm), reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (40.5–38.5 mm), and reduction in adipose tissue weight (32.2–30.7 kg) at 3‐month follow‐up visits. Overall patient weight also decreased, which was statistically significant at 1‐month follow‐up, but was not statistically significant at 3‐month follow‐up (73.9–73.3 kg, P = 0.609). Histologically, adipocytes were observed to have decreased size and withered shape, with increased levels of apoptosis; increased collagen synthesis, with compaction and reorganization of the dermis was also observed. Only minor, transient side effects were reported.ConclusionsThis novel, noninvasive RF device was effective for improving subcutaneous fat, reducing abdominal circumference and reducing subcutaneous fat layer thickness. Histologically, these improvements appear to be partly related to increased adipocyte apoptosis. Lasers Surg. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:94–103, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Helical Substituted Polyacetylene‐Derived Fluorescent Microparticles Prepared by Precipitation Polymerization
Authors: Huang Huajun , Chen Chunni , Zhang Dongyue , Deng Jianping , Wu Youping 
Published: February 2014

This article reports the first fluorescent microparticles (MPs, approximately 600 nm in diameter) constructed using helical substituted polyacetylene and prepared via a precipitation polymerization approach. The MPs judiciously combine this interesting helical conjugated acetylene, fluorescent material and polymeric particles in one entity. The monomer containing a dansyl group undergoes precipitation polymerization in butanone/n‐heptane mixed solvent, with (nbd)Rh+B−(C6H5)4 as a catalyst. MPs with a regular morphology are formed in a high yield (>80 wt%). UV‐vis spectroscopy demonstrates that the polymer chains making up the MPs adopt helical structures. The MPs show considerable fluorescence emission (λmax, 500 nm; excited at 340 nm). Based on SEM and fluorescence images, the formation mechanism of the MPs is proposed. This methodology opens up new ways to prepare functional microstructured materials derived from substituted polyacetylenes, and may also result in opportunities for new practical applications of polyacetylene and its derivatives.
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Reliability and validity of the Daily Cognitive–Communication and Sleep Profile: a new instrument for monitoring sleep, wakefulness and daytime function
Authors: Fung Christina Hoi Ling , Nguyen Michelle , Moineddin Rahim , Colantonio Angela , Wiseman‐Hakes Catherine 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe Daily Cognitive Communicative and Sleep Profile (DCCASP) is a seven‐item instrument that captures daily subjective sleep quality, perceived mood, cognitive, and communication functions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the DCCASP. The DCCASP was self‐administered daily to a convenience sample of young adults (n = 54) for two two‐week blocks, interspersed with a two‐week rest period. Afterwards, participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Internal consistency and criterion validity were calculated by Cronbach's α coefficient, Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC), and Spearman rank (rs) correlation coefficient, respectively. Results indicated high internal consistency (Cronbach‐s α = 0.864−0.938) among mean ratings of sleep quality on the DCCASP. There were significant correlations between mean ratings of sleep quality and all domains (rs=0.38–0.55, p<0.0001). Criterion validity was established between mean sleep quality ratings on the DCCASP and PSQI (rs=0.40, p<0.001). The DCCASP is a reliable and valid self‐report instrument to monitor daily sleep quality and perceived mood, cognitive, and communication functions over time, amongst a normative sample of young adults. Further studies on its psychometric properties are necessary to clarify its utility in a clinical population. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An anatomically realistic temperature phantom for radiofrequency heating measurements
Authors: Graedel Nadine N. , Polimeni Jonathan R. , Guerin Bastien , Gagoski Borjan , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: February 2014

PurposeAn anthropomorphic phantom with realistic electrical properties allows for a more accurate reproduction of tissue current patterns during excitation. A temperature map can then probe the worst‐case heating expected in the unperfused case. We describe an anatomically realistic human head phantom that allows rapid three‐dimensional (3D) temperature mapping at 7T.MethodsThe phantom was based on hand‐labeled anatomical imaging data and consists of four compartments matching the corresponding human tissues in geometry and electrical properties. The increases in temperature resulting from radiofrequency excitation were measured with MR thermometry using a temperature‐sensitive contrast agent (TmDOTMA−) validated by direct fiber optic temperature measurements.ResultsAcquisition of 3D temperature maps of the full phantom with a temperature accuracy better than 0.1°C was achieved with an isotropic resolution of 5 mm and acquisition times of 2–4 minutes.ConclusionOur results demonstrate the feasibility of constructing anatomically realistic phantoms with complex geometries incorporating the ability to measure accurate temperature maps in the phantom. The anthropomorphic temperature phantom is expected to provide a useful tool for the evaluation of the heating effects of both conventional and parallel transmit pulses and help validate electromagnetic and temperature simulations. Magn Reson Med 73:442–450, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systems analysis of transcriptional data provides insights into muscle's biological response to botulinum toxin
Authors: Mukund Kavitha , Mathewson Margie , Minamoto Viviane , Ward Samuel R. , Subramaniam Shankar , Lieber Richard L. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: This study provides global transcriptomic profiling and analysis of botulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A)–treated muscle over a 1‐year period. Methods: Microarray analysis was performed on rat tibialis anterior muscles from 4 groups (n = 4/group) at 1, 4, 12, and 52 weeks after BoNT‐A injection compared with saline‐injected rats at 12 weeks. Results: Dramatic transcriptional adaptation occurred at 1 week with a paradoxical increase in expression of slow and immature isoforms, activation of genes in competing pathways of repair and atrophy, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, and increased metal ion imbalance. Adaptations of the basal lamina and fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) occurred by 4 weeks. The muscle transcriptome returned to its unperturbed state 12 weeks after injection. Conclusions: Acute transcriptional adaptations resemble denervated muscle with some subtle differences, but resolved more quickly compared with denervation. Overall, gene expression across time correlates with the generally accepted BoNT‐A time course and suggests that the direct action of BoNT‐A in skeletal muscle is relatively rapid. Muscle Nerve 50: 744–758, 2014
The White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) in the Ancient Peruvian Ceremonial Centre of Huaca Pucllana
Authors: Altamirano‐Sierra A. , Vargas‐Nalvarte P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNew data regarding the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) at the archaeological complex Huaca Pucllana (200–700 ad) are presented on the basis of the recent discovery of teeth in ritual offering features. Previous information of this species from fossil, archaeological and modern records is reviewed. The use of the white sharks as an El Niño indicator is rejected. Past and present white shark distribution in the South East Pacific is reviewed, and the extermination of pinniped colonies as a factor in the poor modern record is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sugar‐sweetened beverages and prevalence of the metabolically abnormal phenotype in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Green Angela K. , Jacques Paul F. , Rogers Gail , Fox Caroline S. , Meigs James B. , McKeown Nicola M. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between usual sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and prevalence of abnormal metabolic health across body mass index (BMI) categories.MethodsThe metabolic health of 6,842 non‐diabetic adults was classified using cross‐sectional data from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring (1998‐2001) and Third Generation (2002‐2005) cohorts. Adults were classified as normal weight, overweight or obese and, within these categories, metabolic health was defined based on five criteria—hypertension, elevated fasting glucose, elevated triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and insulin resistance. Individuals without metabolic abnormalities were considered metabolically healthy. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between categories of SSB consumption and risk of metabolic health after stratification by BMI.ResultsComparing the highest category of SSB consumers (median of 7 SSB per week) to the lowest category (non‐consumers), odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for metabolically abnormal phenotypes, compared to the metabolically normal, were 1.9 (1.1‐3.4) among the obese, 2.0 (1.4‐2.9) among the overweight, and 1.9 (1.4‐2.6) among the normal weight individuals.ConclusionsIn this cross‐sectional analysis, it is observed that, irrespective of weight status, consumers of SSB were more likely to display metabolic abnormalities compared to non‐consumers in a dose‐dependent manner.
Structural insight into the dimerization of human protein disulfide isomerase
Authors: Bastos‐Aristizabal Sara , Kozlov Guennadi , Gehring Kalle 
Published: February 2014

AbstractProtein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) are responsible for catalyzing the proper oxidation and isomerization of disulfide bonds of newly synthesized proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, it is shown that human PDI (PDIA1) dimerizes in vivo and proposed that the dimerization of PDI has physiological relevance by autoregulating its activity. The crystal structure of the dimeric form of noncatalytic bb′ domains of human PDIA1 determined to 2.3 Å resolution revealed that the formation of dimers occludes the substrate binding site and may function as a mechanism to regulate PDI activity in the ER.