bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial femoral condyle morphometrics and subchondral bone density patterns in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Walker Wade T. , Kawcak Christopher E. , Hill Ashley E. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Objective—To characterize medial femoral condyle (MFC) morphometrics and subchondral bone density patterns in Thoroughbred racehorses and to determine whether these variables differ between left and right limbs.
Sample—Stifle joints harvested from 6 Thoroughbred racehorses euthanized for reasons other than hind limb lameness.
Procedures—The distal portion of the left and right femurs of each cadaver was scanned via CT. Hounsfield units were converted to dipotassium phosphate equivalent densities through use of a phantom on each specimen. Medial femoral condyle width, length, height, and curvature; subchondral bone plate densities; and subchondral trabecular bone densities were analyzed in multiple sections in 5 frontal planes and 3 sagittal planes and were compared between left and right MFCs.
Results—MFC width, length, and height did not differ between left and right limbs. Regions of interest in the right caudoaxial subchondral bone plate and subchondral trabecular bone were significantly denser than their corresponding left regions of interest in the frontal and sagittal planes. A concavity in the otherwise convex articular surface of the cranial aspect of the MFC was identified in 11 of 12 specimens.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A disparity was identified between left and right subchondral bone density patterns at the caudoaxial aspect of the MFC, which could be attributable to the repetitive asymmetric cyclic loading that North American Thoroughbred racehorses undergo as they race in a counterclockwise direction. The uneven region at the cranial aspect of the MFC could be associated with the development of subchondral bone cysts in horses.
Evaluation of gait-related variables in lean and obese dogs at a trot
Authors: Brady Robert B. , Sidiropoulos Alexis N. , Bennett Hunter J. , Rider Patrick M. , Marcellin-Little Denis J. , DeVita Paul 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Objective—To assess differences in sagittal plane joint kinematics and ground reaction forces between lean and obese adult dogs of similar sizes at 2 trotting velocities.
Animals—16 adult dogs.
Procedures—Dogs with body condition score (BCS) of 8 or 9 (obese dogs; n = 8) and dogs with BCS of 4 or 5 (lean dogs; 8) on a 9-point scale were evaluated. Sagittal plane joint kinematic and ground reaction force data were obtained from dogs trotting at 1.8 and 2.5 m/s with a 3-D motion capture system, a force platform, and 12 infrared markers placed on bony landmarks.
Results—Mean stride lengths for forelimbs and hind limbs at both velocities were shorter in obese than in lean dogs. Stance phase range of motion (ROM) was greater in obese dogs than in lean dogs for shoulder (28.2° vs 20.6°), elbow (23.6° vs 16.4°), hip (27.2° vs 22.9°), and tarsal (38.9° vs 27.9°) joints at both velocities. Swing phase ROM was greater in obese dogs than in lean dogs for elbow (61.2° vs 53.7°) and hip (34.4° vs 29.8°) joints. Increased velocity was associated with increased stance ROM in elbow joints and increased stance and swing ROM in hip joints of obese dogs. Obese dogs exerted greater peak vertical and horizontal ground reaction forces than did lean dogs. Body mass and peak vertical ground reaction force were significantly correlated.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Greater ROM detected during the stance phase and greater ground reaction forces in the gait of obese dogs, compared with lean dogs, may cause greater compressive forces within joints and could influence the development of osteoarthritis.
Characterization and osteogenic potential of equine muscle tissue– and periosteal tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells in comparison with bone marrow– and adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Radtke Catherine L. , Nino-Fong Rodolfo , Esparza Gonzalez Blanca P. , Stryhn Henrik , McDuffee Laurie A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Objective—To characterize equine muscle tissue– and periosteal tissue–derived cells as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and assess their proliferation capacity and osteogenic potential in comparison with bone marrow– and adipose tissue–derived MSCs.
Sample—Tissues from 10 equine cadavers.
Procedures—Cells were isolated from left semitendinosus muscle tissue, periosteal tissue from the distomedial aspect of the right tibia, bone marrow aspirates from the fourth and fifth sternebrae, and adipose tissue from the left subcutaneous region. Mesenchymal stem cells were characterized on the basis of morphology, adherence to plastic, trilineage differentiation, and detection of stem cell surface markers via immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Mesenchymal stem cells were tested for osteogenic potential with osteocalcin gene expression via real-time PCR assay. Mesenchymal stem cell cultures were counted at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours to determine tissue-specific MSC proliferative capacity.
Results—Equine muscle tissue– and periosteal tissue–derived cells were characterized as MSCs on the basis of spindle-shaped morphology, adherence to plastic, trilineage differentiation, presence of CD44 and CD90 cell surface markers, and nearly complete absence of CD45 and CD34 cell surface markers. Muscle tissue–, periosteal tissue–, and adipose tissue–derived MSCs proliferated significantly faster than did bone marrow–derived MSCs at 72 and 96 hours.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Equine muscle and periosteum are sources of MSCs. Equine muscle- and periosteal-derived MSCs have osteogenic potential comparable to that of equine adipose- and bone marrow–derived MSCs, which could make them useful for tissue engineering applications in equine medicine.
Emotional reactions of horses and trainers during natural method training / Reakcje emocjonalne koni i trenerów podczas treningu metodami naturalnymi
Authors: Janczarek Iwona , Kędzierski Witold , Stachurska Anna , Wilk Izabela 
Published: April 2013

Abstract The first aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the trainer factor and the sex of the horse affect the heart rate (HR) of the trainer-horse pair. The second aim was to estimate the level of the trainer-horse pair’s emotions and to find the relationship of the HR between the trainer and the horse during the preliminary, natural-method training. The animals used in the study were 40 three-year-old purebred Arabian horses trained by two trainers from the Silversand Horsemanship School. Each trainer worked with 20 randomly selected horses, equally grouped by sex. The study was carried out during the first day of the training cycle. The aim was to have a horse accept a rider. The following items were subject to analysis: deconcentration, concentration, desensitizing, putting on the lungeing surcingle, and saddling. The emotional status of the horses and the trainers was evaluated based on HR variations which were measured by applying Polar S810 telemetric devices. The device produced continuous measurements with readings every 60 seconds. Two-factor analysis of variance and Pearson correlations were determined with the use of SAS software. Significance of differences between mean values was verified using Tukey’s test. The results obtained revealed that the sex of the trained horses was not an important factor in the evaluation of trainer’s emotions, despite the fact that fillies were characterized as having a more uniform HR. The trainer is very responsible for the emotions of a trained horse, especially at the beginning of training and during saddling. From a trainer’s point of view, it is important to complete the horse concentration task as quickly as possible. The lack of an emotional relationship in the trainer-horse pair during some training elements, suggests that it is not only the trainer’s experience, but mainly the trainer’s personality that determines the probable success in naturalmethod work.
Creation of cloned pig embryos using contact-inhibited or serum-starved fibroblast cells analysed intravitam for apoptosis occurrence / Uzyskiwanie klonalnych zarodków świni z wykorzystaniem komórek fibroblastycznych poddanych inhibicji kontaktowej lub deprywacji troficznej oraz analizowanych przyżyciowo w kierunku apoptozy
Authors: Samiec Marcin , Skrzyszowska Maria , Opiela Jolanta 
Published: April 2013

Abstract Somatic cell cloning efficiency is determined by many factors. One of the most important factors is the structure-functional quality of nuclear donor cells. Morphologic criteria that have been used to date for qualitative evaluation of somatic cells may be insufficient for practical application in the cloning. Biochemical and biophysical changes that are one of the earliest symptoms in the transduction of apoptotic signal may be not reflected in the morphologic changes of somatic cells. For this reason, adult cutaneous or foetal fibroblast cells that, in our experiments, provided the source of genomic DNA for the cloning procedure had been previously analysed for biochemical and biophysical proapoptotic alterations with the use of live-DNA (YO-PRO-1) and plasma membrane (Annexin V-eGFP) fluorescent markers. In Groups IA and IB, the generation of nucleartransferred (NT) embryos using non-apoptotic/non-necrotic contact-inhibited or serum-starved adult cutaneous fibroblast cells yielded the morula and blastocyst formation rates of 125/231 (54.1%) and 68/231 (29.4%) or 99/237 (41.8%) and 43/237 (18.1%), respectively. In Groups IIA and IIB, the frequencies of embryos reconstituted with non-apoptotic/non-necrotic contact-inhibited or serum-starved foetal fibroblast cell nuclei that reached the morula and blastocyst stages were 171/245 (69.8%) and 97/245 (39.6%) or 132/227 (58.1%) and 63/227 (27.8%), respectively. In conclusion, contact inhibition of migration and proliferative activity among the subpopulations of adult dermal fibroblast cells and foetal fibroblast cells resulted in considerably higher morula and blastocyst formation rates of in vitro cultured cloned pig embryos compared to serum starvation of either type of fibroblast cell line. Moreover, irrespective of the methods applied to artificially synchronize the mitotic cycle of nuclear donor cells at the G0/G1 phases, developmental abilities to reach the morula/blastocyst stages were significantly higher for porcine NT embryos that had been reconstructed with non-apoptotic/non-necrotic foetal fibroblast cells than those for NT embryos that had been reconstructed with non-apoptotic/non-necrotic adult dermal fibroblast cells. To our knowledge, the generation of cloned pig embryos using abattoir-derived oocytes receiving cell nuclei descended from contact-inhibited or serum-deprived somatic cells undergoing comprehensive vital diagnostics for the absence of biochemical and biophysical proapoptotic alterations within their plasmalemmas has not been reported so far.
Effects of isoflavones on testicular weight and testosterone secretion in ISA Brown roosters
Authors: Gjorgovska Natasha , Filev Kiril 
Published: April 2013

Abstract Isoflavones are phytoestrogens which have estrogen-like activity in animals and humans. Because of this characteristic influence, the aim of this investigation was to examine the effect of genistein and daidzein on testicular weight and testosterone secretion in ISA Brown roosters. Genistein and daidzein as non-steroid phytoestrogens were added in large amounts to the feed of roosters. Soy isoflavones were added to rooster diets in amounts of 0, 300, 600, 1200 and 1800 mg/kg of feed. At the end of the 37th week no significant differences were found between the groups in testicular weight (P>0.05) and testosterone secretion (P>0.05) measured in the blood of birds. Blood testosterone concentration was significantly higher in younger (20-week-old) roosters than in 37-weekold roosters (P<0.01). Genistein and daidzein present in the feed did not influence the weight of testes and no significant differences were found. Further studies are required to investigate the effect of isoflavones on other androgenic characteristics.
Effect of xylanase supplementation to cereal-based diets on apparent fecal digestibility and growth performance of pigs / Wpływ suplementacji diet z udziałem zbóż ksylanazą na pozorną strawność kałową i wskaźniki tuczu świń
Authors: Lipiński Krzysztof , Skórko-Sajko Halina , Purwin Cezary , Antoszkiewicz Zofia , Werpachowski Marek 
Published: April 2013

Abstract A total of 300 growing-finishing pigs (30-110 kg BW), the offspring of Naima sows and Duroc boars, were allocated to three dietary treatments (five pens per treatment, 10 males and 10 females per pen). The growth performance of pigs was determined, and the apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy in animals fed grower diets was calculated by the simple balance method. Complete diets with a high content of triticale (70%-73%) and barley (6.8%-12%) were supplemented with endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (6200 EPU per g). The minimum xylanase activity per kg feed was 1050 and 1500 EPU. Xylanase, at activity levels of 1050 and 1500 EPU kg-1 complete diet, significantly (P≤0.05) increased the apparent digestibility of total protein and highly significantly (P≤0.01) that of crude fat. No significant differences in the digestibility of N-free extractives and energy were found between groups. The increased activity of xylanase (1500 EPU kg-1 feed) contributed to an increase in the digestibility of dry matter, crude fibre (P≤0.05) and organic matter (P≤0.01), compared with the control group. Higher (P≤0.01) daily gains and average final body weights were noted in pigs fed diets supplemented with the mono-enzyme preparation. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) tended to improve in pigs receiving xylanase-supplemented diets, but the observed differences were statistically non-significant.
Optimization of rearing dairy breed calves according to organic principles / Optymalizacja odchowu cieląt ras mlecznych według wymogów ekologicznych
Authors: Bilik Krzysztof , Niwińska Barbara , Łopuszańska-Rusek Magdalena , Fijał Jerzy 
Published: April 2013

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the degree to which different whole milk feeding systems according to ecological standards affect the results of rearing, some blood biochemical and haematological parameters, and health status of Polish Holstein-Friesian calves. The experiment was conducted from birth to 150 days of age with 32 calves (16 heifer and 16 bull calves), assigned to four analogous groups (8 animals: 4 ♀ and 4 ♂ per group). In group I, calves suckled colostrum (ad libitum) and mother’s milk from 5 to 90 days of age (twice daily for 30 minutes); in group II, they suckled colostrum (ad libitum), mother’s milk from 5 to 42 days of age (twice daily for 30 minutes), and received milk from nipple buckets (6 l twice daily) from 43 to 90 days of age; in groups III and IV calves received from nipple buckets a limited amount of colostrum (4.5-6 l/day) and milk (on average 5.82 and 4.82 l/day, respectively). Feeding limited whole milk from nipple buckets to the calves did not cause significant differences in haematological blood indices, serum concentrations of glucose and IgG, and health status of calves compared to those suckling their mothers. Calves which remained with their mothers during colostrum feeding were characterized by a significantly lower concentration of serum cortisol at 2 days of age compared to calves that received colostrum from nipple buckets. Compared to the calves suckling their mothers (group I), the use of economical milk feeding system (III and IV groups) reduced rearing costs and increased the amount of milk intended for sale by 700-760 l/cow.
The iron content in organs of free ranging European bison from the Białowieża herd / Zawartość żelaza w tkankach żubra ze stada białowieskiego
Authors: Kośla Tadeusz , Skibniewski Michał , Skibniewska Ewa , Urbańska-Słomka Grażyna 
Published: April 2013

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine iron status in chosen organs of the European bison free ranging in Białowieża Primeval Forest. The material for analyses was obtained from animals eliminated during annual selection. Segments of liver, kidney, muscle, rib, and hoof were collected. Animals were divided depending on gender (males and females) and age (calves up to 1 year and animals older than 2 years). Mean iron concentration in liver was 263.59 mg ∙ kg-1 fresh tissue. The iron content was significantly higher in the group of animals older than 2 years (P≤0.05). The average content of iron in kidneys amounted to 156.70 mg ∙ kg-1 fresh tissue. The average iron content in muscles amounted to 79.95 mg ∙ kg-1 fresh tissue. Similarly to the liver samples a statistically significant difference (P≤0.05) was demonstrated depending on age. The average iron content in ribs and in the horn of the hoof wall of all European bison amounted to 38.90 mg ∙ kg-1 fresh tissue and 47.87 mg ∙ kg-1 dry matter, respectively. No statistically significant differences in the iron content were observed depending on gender.
The relationship between colour and pH in cold-stored quail breast muscle / Zależność między barwą a pH w mięśniach piersiowych przepiórek przechowywanych w warunkach chłodniczych
Authors: Karamucki Tadeusz , Gardzielewska Józefa , Jakubowska Małgorzata , Rybak Kinga , Garczewska Justyna 
Published: April 2013

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyse the colour of the breast muscles of Japanese Pharaoh quail on the first day after slaughter and again after further six days of cold storage, in relation to their muscle pH. The material for the study consisted of 40 breast muscles taken from the carcasses of six-week-old Japanese Pharaoh quail. Based on pH results, the muscles were divided into three groups: I (pH = 5.51-5.70), II (pH = 5.71-5.90) and III (pH = 5.91-6.10). After this the muscles were stored for a further 6 days at 4°C. It was found that the pH of freshly dissected quail breast muscle is a good indicator of the colour stability of muscles cold-stored at 4°C for six days. The lowest degree of colour stability was observed in the pH range 5.51-5.70. In the sensory evaluation muscles displaying this degree of colour instability were considered unacceptable or barely acceptable. In contrast, muscles in the pH ranges 5.71-5.90 and 5.91-6.10 displayed a high degree of colour stability and were considered acceptable in the sensory evaluation. The colour changes that occurred during storage of the muscles were due to changes in the values of all of the colour parameters (L*, a*, b*, C* and hº); however, the greatest changes were found in the case of redness (a*) and the hue angle (hº). The changes were caused both by alterations in the amount of pigment reached by light, and by changes in the relative amounts of the chemical forms of myoglobin.
Differences in tibiocalcaneal kinematics measured with skin- and shoe-mounted markers
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Greenhalgh Andrew , Taylor Paul J. , Edmundson Christopher James , Brooks Darrell , Hobbs Sarah Jane 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe aim of the current investigation was to compare the 3-D tibiocalcaneal kinematics between skin- and shoe-mounted markers.MethodsEleven male participants ran at 4.0m/s ± 5% along a 22 m runway. Tibiocalcaneal kinematics were captured simultaneously using markers placed externally on the shoe and on the skin through windows cut in the shoe. Paired t-tests were used to compare the 3-D kinematic parameters, and intraclass correlations were employed to contrast the kinematic waveforms.ResultsStrong correlations were observed between the waveforms at <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> 0.85. However, foot movements such as eversion range of motion, peak eversion, peak transverse plane range of motion, velocity of external rotation and peak eversion velocity were all significantly underestimated using shoe-mounted markers.ConclusionsThe results indicate that shoe-mounted markers do not fully represent true foot movement.
Screening of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Wheat (Triticum Durum)
Authors: Sadrati Nouari , Daoud Harzallah , Zerroug Amina , Dahamna Saliha , Bouharati Saddek 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant micro-organisms calls for inventive research and development strategies. Inhibition of these pathogenic micro-organisms may be a promising therapeutic approach. The screening of antimicrobial compounds from endophytes is a promising way to meet the increasing threat of drug-resistant strains of human and plant pathogens. In the present study, a total of 20 endophytic fungi and 23 endophytic actinomycetes have been isolated from wheat (Triticum durum). Mohamed Ben Bachir variety collected from Bordj Bou Arreridj region (Algeria) during winter 2010. The isolates were screened and evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated for crude ethyl acetate extracts using an agar diffusion assay against twelve pathogenic bacteria, yeast, and two phytopathogenic fungi. All extracts showed inhibitory activity on at least one or more pathogenic microorganisms, with an average zone of inhibition varied between 7 mm to 25 mm, and the largest zone was of 25 and 25.3 mm against candida albicans and Escherichia coli respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated by β-carotene/linoleic acid assay. Results showed that 60% of these extracts have antioxidant activity, exhibiting 50, 57% to 78, 96% inhibitions. While the inhibitory activity for oxidation of linoleic acid of 40% of them was less than 50%. From the present work it is possible to conclude that these microorganisms could be promising source of bioactive compounds, and warrant further study.
Fully implicit ADI schemes for solving the nonlinear
Poisson-Boltzmann equation
Authors: Geng Weihua , Zhao Shan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) model is an effective approach
for the electrostatics analysis of solvated biomolecules. The
nonlinearity associated with the PB equation is critical when
the underlying electrostatic potential is strong, but is extremely
difficult to solve numerically. In this paper, we construct
two operator splitting alternating direction implicit (ADI)
schemes to efficiently and stably solve the nonlinear PB equation
in a pseudo-transient continuation approach. The operator
splitting framework enables an analytical integration of
the nonlinear term that suppresses the nonlinear instability.
A standard finite difference scheme weighted by piecewise
dielectric constants varying across the molecular surface is
employed to discretize the nonhomogeneous diffusion term of
the nonlinear PB equation, and yields tridiagonal matrices in
the Douglas and Douglas-Rachford type ADI schemes. The
proposed time splitting ADI schemes are different from all existing
pseudo-transient continuation approaches for solving
the classical nonlinear PB equation in the sense that they are
fully implicit. In a numerical benchmark example, the steady
state solutions of the fully-implicit ADI schemes based on different
initial values all converge to the time invariant analytical
solution, while those of the explicit Euler and semi-implicit
ADI schemes blow up when the magnitude of the initial solution
is large. For the solvation analysis in applications to real
biomolecules with various sizes, the time stability of the proposed
ADI schemes can be maintained even using very large
time increments, demonstrating the efficiency and stability of
the present methods for biomolecular simulation.