bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social and economic factors and their relationship with gender gap in STEM in higher education: A spatial analysis of Turkey
Authors: Özmen Zeynep 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the social and economic factors influencing the enrollment rates of women and men in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields across all 81 provinces in Turkey, utilizing a spatial econometric analysis model. This model, considering regional characteristics and spatial relationships, allows for a comprehensive understanding of the geographical distribution of interest in STEM fields and the gender disparities within. Analyses at both global and local levels were conducted to test for the presence of spatial patterns. The impact of social and economic factors on gender-specific enrollment rates in STEM fields was assessed using Ordinary Least Squares analysis, without accounting for spatial autocorrelation. The dataset, based on provincial social and economic indicators for the year 2022, revealed that both women and men in the provinces exhibit similar tendencies towards settling in STEM fields. The preference for STEM fields is lower in the eastern regions, while more pronounced in coastal and industrialized cities. The findings indicate a positive correlation with per capita gross domestic product, the number of teachers in higher education institutes, central government budget expenditure, and the population ratio in the province.
Sozology instead of ecology, other direction for ecosystem services and environmental protection-on the example of the Silesian–Kraków region, Southern Poland
Authors: Gałaś Andrzej , Abramowicz Anna , Kot-Niewiadomska Alicja , Misz-Kennan Magdalena , Gałaś Slávka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKnown mostly in Poland, formulated by prof. Goetel, science—sozology, perfectly corresponds to today’s developing pro-environmental activities. Sozology combines both concerns for the precious values of primaeval nature and the management of man transformed areas. It includes civilisation changes, climate change, and access to natural resources. The article discusses five main research directions: (1) Protection of the natural environment and mineral resources, (2) Rational spatial management, (3) Post-exploitation management of industrial areas, (4) Analysis and prevention of environmental changes and (5) Sozology and Eco-geosystem services. The authors of the article point to the need to integrate specialists from various fields who can jointly solve environmental problems. The world constantly needs new motivations to develop while preserving non-renewable resources (space and minerals). In Poland, science has gained popularity only among a narrow group of scientists who do not try to solve difficult problems on their own that require interdisciplinary action. The frequent dead ends of today’s environmental trends indicate that the word ecological is often not enough. If we use a sozological approach, it will turn out to be much more adequate for our current stage of development. Sozology may be the next direction and philosophy of life on Earth. Its goal is to protect resources so that they can be used for as long as possible.
The evolving role of technology transfer offices in the entrepreneurial university: Go-betweens or playmakers?
Authors: Chen Zoe , Little Vicki Janine , Thuan Nguyen Hoang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTechnology transfer offices (TTOs) play an increasingly important role in universities, supporting researchers in translating science knowledge into commercially and socially valuable outcomes. However, the literature is limited regarding how TTOs support the technology transfer process. This study contributes deeper insight into the role of TTOs in facilitating knowledge transfer outcomes. A case study of life science commercialization in Australasian universities drew on depth interviews with senior TTO managers and industry experts, on longitudinal participant observation within a life science intermediary business to inform about supply side elements, and on secondary data. The findings emphasise the effects of wider institutional change on quintuple helix (5H) stakeholders, i.e., the environment, society, government, universities, and industry. Financialization and competition places growing demands on universities for commercializable intellectual property (IP) production. In response, TTOs have built competencies in translational engagement (trust and reputation building and boundary spanning) and value co-creation (service quality management and de-risking). Those competencies translate to a five-stage process of technology transfer facilitation: (1) Identifying, (2) assessing, (3) protecting, (4) promoting and (5) profiting. In the complex context of life science innovation, innovation networks benefit from investment in university outreach, stakeholder relationship building, tax credits, and fund matching with transnational corporations. To ensure optimal social and commercial outcomes independent oversight of the process should be maintained, by representatives from all 5H stakeholders.
Usefulness of synthetic MRI for differentiation of IDH-mutant diffuse gliomas and its comparison with the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign
Authors: Onishi Shumpei , Yamasaki Fumiyuki , Akiyama Yuji , Kawahara Daisuke , Amatya Vishwa Jeet , Yonezawa Ushio , Taguchi Akira , Ozono Iori , Khairunnisa Novita Ikbar , Takeshima Yukio , Horie Nobutaka 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is a characteristic imaging biomarker for astrocytoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant. However, investigators have provided varying interpretations of the positivity/negativity of this sign given for individual cases the nature of qualitative visual assessment. Moreover, MR sequence parameters also influence the appearance of the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign. To resolve these issues, we used synthetic MR technique to quantitatively evaluate and differentiate astrocytoma from oligodendroglioma.

Methods
This study included 20 patients with newly diagnosed non-enhanced IDH-mutant diffuse glioma who underwent preoperative synthetic MRI using the Quantification of Relaxation Times and Proton Density by Multiecho acquisition of a saturation-recovery using Turbo spin-Echo Readout (QRAPMASTER) sequence at our institution. Two independent reviewers evaluated preoperative conventional MR images to determine the presence or absence of the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign. Synthetic MRI was used to measure T1, T2 and proton density (PD) values in the tumor lesion. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance.

Results
The pathological diagnoses included astrocytoma, IDH-mutant (n = 12) and oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted (n = 8). The sensitivity and specificity of T2-FLAIR mismatch sign for astrocytoma were 66.7% and 100% [area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.833], respectively. Astrocytoma had significantly higher T1, T2, and PD values than did oligodendroglioma (p < 0.0001, < 0.0001, and 0.0154, respectively). A cutoff lesion T1 value of 1580 ms completely differentiated astrocytoma from oligodendroglioma (AUC = 1.00).

Conclusion
Quantitative evaluation of non-enhanced IDH-mutant diffuse glioma using synthetic MRI allowed for better differentiation between astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma than did conventional T2-FLAIR mismatch sign. Measurement of T1 and T2 value by synthetic MRI could improve the differentiation of IDH-mutant diffuse gliomas.
Novel solitary wave solutions for stochastic nonlinear reaction–diffusion equation with multiplicative noise
Authors: Zayed Elsayed M. E. , El-Horbaty Mahmoud , Saad Basel M. M. , Arnous Ahmed H. , Yildirim Yakup 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe primary objective of this paper is to explore solitary wave solutions within the context of the stochastic Reaction–Diffusion equation, a problem that has not been previously investigated with respect to multiplicative noise. This marks a novel aspect of the current study. To accomplish this goal, we utilize two distinct integration methods: the extended Kudryashov’s method and the $$\left( \frac{G'}{G}\right) $$

G
′

G

-expansion method. These methods are chosen for their efficacy in handling nonlinear differential equations and are applied in tandem to uncover new trigonometric and hyperbolic stochastic exact solutions. The employment of these methods is crucial in generating solutions that have not been previously identified in this particular context. Subsequently, to assess the validity and usefulness of these newly discovered solutions, we conduct numerical simulations. These simulations involve implementing the derived solutions across a variety of scenarios or samples, allowing for an evaluation of their performance and applicability. This paper represents a significant contribution to the field of stochastic Reaction–Diffusion equations by introducing a pioneering investigation into the effects of multiplicative noise on solitary wave solutions. Furthermore, it offers a fresh perspective on obtaining exact solutions in the presence of such noise, showcasing the potential of the integration methods in tackling complex nonlinear stochastic systems.
A fast numerical algorithm for finding all real solutions to a system of N nonlinear equations in a finite domain
Authors: Chueca-Díez Fernando , Gañán-Calvo Alfonso M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA highly recurrent traditional bottleneck in applied mathematics, for which the most popular codes (Mathematica, Matlab, and Python as examples) do not offer a solution, is to find all the real solutions of a system of n nonlinear equations in a certain finite domain of the n-dimensional space of variables. We present two similar algorithms of minimum length and computational weight to solve this problem, in which one resembles a graphical tool of edge detection in an image extended to n dimensions. To do this, we discretize the n-dimensional space sector in which the solutions are sought. Once the discretized hypersurfaces (edges) defined by each nonlinear equation of the n-dimensional system have been identified in a single, simultaneous step, the coincidence of the hypersurfaces in each n-dimensional tile or cell containing at least one solution marks the approximate locations of all the hyperpoints that constitute the solutions. This makes the final Newton-Raphson step rapidly convergent to all the existent solutions in the predefined space sector with the desired degree of accuracy.
Origins of biological teleology: how constraints represent ends
Authors: García-Valdecasas Miguel , Deacon Terrence W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo naturalize the concept of teleological causality in biology it is not enough to avoid assuming backward causation or positing the existence of an inscrutable teleological essence like the élan vital. We must also specify how the causality of organisms is distinct from the causality of designed artifacts like thermostats or asymmetrically oriented processes like the ubiquitous increase of entropy. Historically, the concept of teleological causality in biology has been based on an analogy to the familiar experience of purposeful action. This is experienced by us as a disposition to achieve a general type of end that is represented in advance, and which regulates the selection of efficient means to achieve it. Inspired by this analogy, to bridge the gap between biology and human agency we describe a simple molecular process called autogenesis that shows how two linked complementary self-organizing processes can give rise to higher-order relations that resemble purposeful dispositions, though expressed in terms of constraints on molecular processes. Because the autogenic model is described in sufficient detail to be empirically realizable, it provides a proof of principle demonstrating a simple form of teleological causality.
Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Phosphoglycerate Mutase 2 (PGAM2) genes with growth traits in rabbits
Authors: Helal Mostafa , Ahmed Marwa , Ragab Mohamed , Ateya Ahmed , Sakr Shimaa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenetic improvement of local rabbit breeds using modern approaches such as marker-assisted selection requires accurate and precise information about marker‒trait associations in animals with different genetic backgrounds. Therefore, this study was designed to estimate the association between two mutations located in the Neuropeptide Y (NPY, g.1778G > C) and Phosphoglycerate Mutase 2 (PGAM2, c.195 C > T) genes in New Zealand White (NZW), Baladi (BR), and V-line rabbits. The first mutation was genotyped using high-resolution melting, and the second mutation was genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. The results revealed significant associations between the NPY mutation and body weight at 10 (V-line) and 12 weeks of age (NZW, BR, and V-line), body weight gain (BWG) from 10 to 12 weeks of age (BR), BWG from 6 to 12 weeks of age (NZW, BR, and V-line), average daily gain (NZW, BR, and V-line, and BR), growth rate (GR) from 8 to10 weeks (V-line), 10 to 12 weeks (BR), and GR from 6 to 12 weeks of age (BR, and V-line). The PGAM2 mutation was associated with body weight at 10 (V-line) and 12 (NZW, and V-line) weeks of age, with significant positive additive effects at 12 weeks of age in all breeds, and was associated with BWG from 8 to 10 and 10 to 12 in BR, and BWG from 6 to 12 weeks of age (NZW, and BR), and average daily gain (NZW, and BR), and was associated with GR form 8 to 10 weeks (BR), from10 to 12 weeks (BR, and V-line) and from 6 to 12 weeks (BR). The results highlighted the importance of the two mutations in growth development, and the possibility of considering them as candidate genes for late growth in rabbits.
Antibiotic Removal by Three Promising Microalgae Strains: Biotic, Abiotic Routes, and Response Mechanisms
Authors: Frascaroli G. , Hunter C. , Roberts J. , Escudero A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicroalgae represent an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment, potentially improving antibiotic removal and offering a solution to combat the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Through batch assays, this study investigates the routes for antibiotic removal using three strains (Chlamydomonas acidophila, Auxhenochlorella protothecoides and Tetradesmus obliquus). Using mixtures of ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, metronidazole, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim at concentrations simulating wastewater composition, it also assesses antibiotic effects on microalgae physiology. The three strains primarily removed antibiotics through rapid biosorption, achieving up to 91.5% removal for specific ones like ciprofloxacin. T. obliquus and C. acidophila showed efficacy, with total removals of 37.2% and 49.3%, respectively. Over time, A. protothecoides demonstrated the highest active removal efficiency, eliminating 22.1% of total antibiotics, with a notable 67.6% removal for sulfamethoxazole. Abiotic degradation through hydrolysis and photolysis contributed to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin removal (34.7% to 96.7%), showing pH-dependent photolysis. However, algae induced a shading effect, reducing the photolytic and hydrolytic degradation of specific antibiotics. T. obliquus and C. acidophila were inhibited by antibiotics, whereas A. protothecoides showed a 30.6% growth rate increase. The stimulatory effect was also observed for the nutrient removal, with A. protothecoides showing a 46.6% increase in ammonium removal and a 44.8% increase in phosphate removal with antibiotics. Additionally, antioxidant activities remained stable, except for a notable increase in peroxidase activity for A. protothecoides and T. obliquus. The study confirms efficient antibiotic removal and stimulatory responses in the three algal strains, indicating their potential for wastewater treatment and combating antimicrobial resistance.
“Don’t research us”—How Mastodon instance rules connect to research ethics
Authors: Wähner Marco , Deubel Annika , Breuer Johannes , Weller Katrin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMastodon is a decentralized social network that has recently gained in popularity due to the platform changes of Twitter (now X). When it comes to collecting and analyzing data, the technical structure of such a decentralized network not only has methodological but also ethical implications. Mastodon consists of a large number of individual instances (around 17k), and each of these instances typically have their own set of rules, which may also address the use of data. Against this backdrop, we investigated whether and how Mastodon instances address the scientific use of data. Our analyses focused on active instances with English-language rules. Based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analysis, our results show that only a small portion of instances mention the scientific use of their data. Instead, the majority of rules rather focuses on user behavior and interactions. Based on the results, we formulate recommendations for researchers who want to work with Mastodon data. The recommendations are informed by the results of our empirical study and guided by general ethical principles for the examination of data from social media.
Consumer vulnerability dynamics and marketing: Conceptual foundations and future research opportunities
Authors: Mende Martin , Bradford Tonya Williams , Roggeveen Anne L. , Scott Maura L. , Zavala Mariella 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInspired by the goal of making marketplaces more inclusive, this research provides a deeper understanding of consumer vulnerability dynamics to develop strategies that help reduce these vulnerabilities. The proposed framework, first, conceptualizes vulnerability states as a function of the breadth and depth of consumers’ vulnerability; then, it sketches a set of vulnerability indicators that illustrate vulnerability breadth and depth. Second, because the breadth and depth of vulnerability vary over time, the framework goes beyond vulnerability states to identify distinct vulnerability-increasing and vulnerability-decreasing pathways, which describe how consumers move between vulnerability states. In a final step, the framework proposes that organizations can (and should) support consumers to mitigate vulnerability by helping consumers build resilience (e.g., via distinct types of resilience-fueling consumer agency). This framework offers novel conceptual insights into consumer vulnerability dynamics as well as resilience and provides avenues for future research on how organizations can better partner with consumers who experience vulnerabilities.
An improved DVHop localization algorithm using a novel angle based node reduction and optimization technique
Authors: Bhat Soumya J. , Venkata Santhosh Krishnan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly popular across a range of applications. One notable use is in seismic exploration and monitoring for oil and gas reservoirs. This application involves deploying numerous sensor nodes across outdoor fields to measure backscattered waves, which are then used to create an image of the subsurface. These sensor nodes remain active in the field for several days and must be accurately localized to ensure efficient reservoir detection. However, the Distance Vector-Hop (DVHop) algorithm, despite its simplicity, is not suitable for accurate node localization in exploration fields due to obstructions. In this paper, we propose a modified DVHop algorithm specifically designed for precise localization in such environments. Proposed algorithm uses angles between intermediate nodes to identify and circumvent nodes affected by obstructions. Distance estimation is performed using this reduced set of nodes. The estimated distances between these nodes are subsequently solved using Velocity Pausing Particle Swarm Optimization to determine the nodes’ locations. When evaluated in environments resembling exploration fields, our algorithm demonstrated an improvement of 25% to 63% in Average Localization Accuracy compared to other hop-based localization algorithms under similar conditions.
Rapid Normal Stress Oscillations Cause Weakening and Anelastic Dilation in Gouge‐Bearing Faults
Authors: Chen Jianye , Niemeijer Andre R. , Spiers Christopher J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFault normal stress (σn) changes dynamically during earthquakes. However, the impact of these changes on fault strength is poorly understood. We explore the effects of rapidly varying σn by conducting rotary‐shear experiments on simulated fault gouges at 1 μm/s, under well‐drained, hydrothermal conditions. Our results show both elastic and anelastic (time‐dependent but recoverable) changes in gouge layer thickness in response to step changes and sinusoidal oscillations in σn. In particular, we observe dilation associated with marked weakening during ongoing σn‐oscillations at frequencies >0.1 Hz. Moreover, recovery of shear stress after such oscillations is accompanied by transient (anelastic) compaction. We propose a microphysically based friction model that explains most of the observations made, including the effects of temperature and step versus sinusoidal perturbation modes. Our results highlight that σn‐oscillations above a specific frequency threshold, controlled by the loading regime and frictional properties of the fault, may enhance seismic hazards.
Synaptic changes in psychiatric and neurological disorders: state-of-the art of in vivo imaging
Authors: Howes Oliver , Marcinkowska Julia , Turkheimer Federico E. , Carr Richard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSynapses are implicated in many neuropsychiatric illnesses. Here, we provide an overview of in vivo techniques to index synaptic markers in patients. Several positron emission tomography (PET) tracers for synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A) show good reliability and selectivity. We review over 50 clinical studies including over 1700 participants, and compare findings in healthy ageing and across disorders, including addiction, schizophrenia, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and neurodegenerative disorders, including tauopathies, Huntington’s disease and α-synucleinopathies. These show lower SV2A measures in cortical brain regions across most of these disorders relative to healthy volunteers, with the most well-replicated findings in tauopathies, whilst changes in Huntington’s chorea, Parkinson’s disease, corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy are predominantly subcortical. SV2A PET measures are correlated with functional connectivity across brain networks, and a number of other measures of brain function, including glucose metabolism. However, the majority of studies found no relationship between grey matter volume measured with magnetic resonance imaging and SV2A PET measures. Cognitive dysfunction, in domains including working memory and executive function, show replicated inverse relationships with SV2A measures across diagnoses, and initial findings also suggest transdiagnostic relationships with mood and anxiety symptoms. This suggests that synaptic abnormalities could be a common pathophysiological substrate underlying cognitive and, potentially, affective symptoms. We consider limitations of evidence and future directions; highlighting the need to develop postsynaptic imaging markers and for longitudinal studies to test causal mechanisms.