bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Conversation System Before Pediatric Primary Care Visits: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Adams William G. , Phillips Barrett D. , Bacic Janine D. , Walsh Kathleen E. , Shanahan Christopher W. , Paasche-Orlow Michael K. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Interactive voice response systems integrated with electronic health records have the potential to improve primary care by engaging parents outside clinical settings via spoken language. The objective of this study was to determine whether use of an interactive voice response system, the Personal Health Partner (PHP), before routine health care maintenance visits could improve the quality of primary care visits and be well accepted by parents and clinicians.

METHODS:
English-speaking parents of children aged 4 months to 11 years called PHP before routine visits and were randomly assigned to groups by the system at the time of the call. Parents’ spoken responses were used to provide tailored counseling and support goal setting for the upcoming visit. Data were transferred to the electronic health records for review during visits. The study occurred in an urban hospital-based pediatric primary care center. Participants were called after the visit to assess (1) comprehensiveness of screening and counseling, (2) assessment of medications and their management, and (3) parent and clinician satisfaction.

RESULTS:
PHP was able to identify and counsel in multiple areas. A total of 9.7% of parents responded to the mailed invitation. Intervention parents were more likely to report discussing important issues such as depression (42.6% vs 25.4%; P &lt; .01) and prescription medication use (85.7% vs 72.6%; P = .04) and to report being better prepared for visits. One hundred percent of clinicians reported that PHP improved the quality of their care.

CONCLUSIONS:
Systems like PHP have the potential to improve clinical screening, counseling, and medication management.
Effectiveness of Quality Improvement in Hospitalization for Bronchiolitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ralston Shawn , Comick Allison , Nichols Elizabeth , Parker Devin , Lanter Patricia 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND:
Bronchiolitis causes nearly 20% of all acute care hospitalizations for young children in the United States. Unnecessary testing and medication for infants with bronchiolitis contribute to cost without improving outcomes.

OBJECTIVES:
The goal of this study was to systematically review the quality improvement (QI) literature on inpatient bronchiolitis and to propose benchmarks for reducing unnecessary care.

METHODS:
Assisted by a medical librarian, we searched Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Cochrane Library. Studies describing any active QI intervention versus usual care in hospitalized children &lt;2 years of age were included. Data were extracted and confirmed by multiple investigators and pooled by using a random effects model. Benchmarks were calculated by using achievable benchmarks of care methods.

RESULTS:
Fourteen studies involving &gt;12 000 infants were reviewed. QI interventions resulted in 16 fewer patients exposed to repeated doses of bronchodilators per 100 hospitalized (7 studies) (risk difference: 0.16 [95% confidence interval: 0.11–0.21]) and resulted in 5.3 fewer doses of bronchodilator given per patient (95% confidence interval: 2.1–8.4). Interventions resulted in fewer hospitalized children exposed to steroids (5 per 100), chest radiography (9 per 100), and antibiotics (4 per 100). No significant harms were reported. Benchmarks derived from the reported data are: repeated bronchodilator use, 16%; steroid use, 1%; chest radiography use, 42%; and antibiotic use, 17%. The study’s heterogeneity limited the ability to classify specific characteristics of effective QI interventions.

CONCLUSIONS:
QI strategies have been demonstrated to achieve lower rates of unnecessary care in children hospitalized with viral bronchiolitis than are the norm.
Pathological and Clinical Features and Management of Central Nervous System Hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau Disease
Authors: Kanno Hiroshi , Kobayashi Natsuki , Nakanowatari Satoshi 
Published: August 2014

Central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastoma is the most common manifestation of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. It is found in 70-80% of VHL patients. Hemangioblastoma is a rare form of benign vascular tumor of the CNS, accounting for 2.0% of CNS tumors. It can occur sporadically or as a familial syndrome. CNS hemangioblastomas are typically located in the posterior fossa and the spinal cord. VHL patients usually develop a CNS hemangioblastoma at an early age. Therefore, they require a special routine for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. The surgical management of symptomatic tumors depend on many factors such as symptom, location, multiplicity, and progression of the tumor. The management of asymptomatic tumors in VHL patients are controversial since CNS hemangioblastomas grow with intermittent quiescent and rapid-growth phases. Preoperative embolization of large solid hemangioblastomas prevents perioperative hemorrhage but is not necessary in every case. Radiotherapy should be reserved for inoperable tumors. Because of complexities of VHL, a better understanding of the pathological and clinical features of hemangioblastoma in VHL is essential for its proper management.
Cigarette Smoke Primes the Pulmonary Environment to IL-1α/CXCR-2–Dependent Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae–Exacerbated Neutrophilia in Mice
Authors: Nikota Jake K. , Shen Pamela , Morissette Mathieu C. , Fernandes Kimberly , Roos Abraham , Chu Derek K. , Barra Nicole G. , Iwakura Yoichiro , Kolbeck Roland , Humbles Alison A. , Stampfli Martin R. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Cigarette smoke has a broad impact on the mucosal environment with the ability to alter host defense mechanisms. Within the context of a bacterial infection, this altered host response is often accompanied by exacerbated cellular inflammation, characterized by increased neutrophilia. The current study investigated the mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment in a murine model of cigarette smoke exposure and, subsequently, a model of both cigarette smoke exposure and bacterial infection. We investigated the role of IL-1 signaling in neutrophil recruitment and found that cigarette smoke-induced neutrophilia was dependent on IL-1α produced by alveolar macrophages. In addition to being the crucial source of IL-1α, alveolar macrophages isolated from smoke-exposed mice were primed for excessive IL-1α production in response to bacterial ligands. To test the relevance of exaggerated IL-1α production in neutrophil recruitment, a model of cigarette smoke exposure and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae infection was developed. Mice exposed to cigarette smoke elaborated an exacerbated CXCR2-dependent neutrophilia in response to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Exacerbated neutrophilia was dependent on IL-1α priming of the pulmonary environment by cigarette smoke as exaggerated neutrophilia was dependent on IL-1 signaling. These data characterize a novel mechanism of cigarette smoke priming the lung mucosa toward greater IL-1–driven neutrophilic responses to bacteria, with a central role for the alveolar macrophage in this process.
Zap70 Is Essential for Long-Term Survival of Naive CD8 T Cells
Authors: Schim van der Loeff Ina , Hsu Lih-Yun , Saini Manoj , Weiss Art , Seddon Benedict 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Survival of naive T cells requires engagement of TCR with self-peptide major histocompatibility Ags. The signaling pathways required to transmit this survival signal are poorly understood. In this study, we asked whether the tyrosine kinase Zap70 is required to transmit survival signals in naive CD8 T cells. In the absence of Zap70 expression, thymic development is completely blocked. Using a tetracycline-inducible Zap70 transgene (TetZap70), thymic development of Zap70-deficient TCR transgenic F5 mice was restored. Feeding mice doxycycline to induce Zap70 expression resulted in repopulation of the peripheral naive compartment. Zap70 transgene expression was then ablated by withdrawal of doxycycline. Survival of Zap70-deficient naive CD8 T cells depended on host environment. In hosts with a replete T cell compartment, naive T cells died rapidly in the absence of Zap70 expression. In lymphopenic hosts, Zap70-deficient T cells survived far longer, in an IL-7–dependent manner, but failed to undergo lymphopenia-induced proliferation. Analyzing mixed bone marrow chimeras revealed that intact Zap70-dependent signaling was important for integration of recent thymic emigrants into the mature naive compartment. Finally, we asked whether adaptor function conferred by Zap70 tyrosines 315 and 319 was necessary for transmission of homeostatic TCR signals. This was done by analyzing F5 mice expressing mutant Zap70 in which these residues had been mutated to alanines (Zap70YYAA). Inducible Zap70 expression rescued thymic development in F5 TetZap70 Zap70YYAA mice. However, in the absence of wild-type Zap70 expression, the Zap70YYAA mutant failed to transmit either survival or proliferative homeostatic signals.
Systemic Inflammatory Response Elicited by Superantigen Destabilizes T Regulatory Cells, Rendering Them Ineffective during Toxic Shock Syndrome
Authors: Tilahun Ashenafi Y. , Chowdhary Vaidehi R. , David Chella S. , Rajagopalan Govindarajan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Life-threatening infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, particularly the community-acquired methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus, continue to pose serious problems. Greater virulence and increased pathogenicity of certain S. aureus strains are attributed to higher prevalence of exotoxins. Of these exotoxins, the superantigens (SAg) are likely most pathogenic because of their ability to rapidly and robustly activate the T cells even in extremely small quantities. Therefore, countering SAg-mediated T cell activation using T regulatory cells (Tregs) might be beneficial in diseases such as toxic shock syndrome (TSS). As the normal numbers of endogenous Tregs in a typical host are insufficient, we hypothesized that increasing the Treg numbers by administration of IL-2/anti–IL-2 Ab immune complexes (IL2C) or by adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded Tregs might be more effective in countering SAg-mediated immune activation. HLA-DR3 transgenic mice that closely recapitulate human TSS were treated with IL2C to increase endogenous Tregs or received ex vivo expanded Tregs. Subsequently, they were challenged with SAg to induce TSS. Analyses of various parameters reflective of TSS (serum cytokine/chemokine levels, multiple organ pathology, and SAg-induced peripheral T cell expansion) indicated that increasing the Tregs failed to mitigate TSS. On the contrary, serum IFN-γ levels were increased in IL2C-treated mice. Exploration into the reasons behind the lack of protective effect of Tregs revealed IL-17 and IFN-γ–dependent loss of Tregs during TSS. In addition, significant upregulation of glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related receptor on conventional T cells during TSS could render them resistant to Treg-mediated suppression, contributing to failure of Treg-mediated immune regulation.
El cine y el vídeo en las instituciones museísticas españolas. Conflicto de catalogación y presentación.
Authors: González de Ubieta Mikel Imanol Rotaeche 
Published: August 2014

La incorporación del cine a las colecciones museísticas ha sido tardía y aún es minoritaria a pesar de haber sido uno de los principales medios de innovación en las vanguardias del siglo XX. No ocurre lo mismo con el vídeo, que se incorporó casi de inmediato al discurso museográfico contemporáneo. La presentación en el espacio expositivo y la catalogación de este tipo de obras de arte resulta deficitaria y en algunos casos errónea. Esto se debe a que aún no se ha asumido que tanto el cine como el vídeo son medios artísticos diferenciados, con tecnología específica y lenguajes propios.El presente artículo pretende demostrar que es necesario clarificar el vocabulario de catalogación y la forma de exposición de este importante patrimonio artístico para garantizar su correcta preservación y trasmisión a las generaciones futuras.
Calibration of seawater intrusion models: Inverse parameter estimation using surface electrical resistivity tomography and borehole data
Authors: Beaujean J. , Nguyen F. , Kemna A. , Antonsson A. , Engesgaard P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractElectrical resistivity tomography (ERT) can be used to constrain seawater intrusion models because of its high sensitivity to total dissolved solid contents (TDS) in groundwater and its relatively high lateral coverage. However, the spatial variability of resolution in electrical imaging may prevent the correct recovery of the desired hydrochemical properties such as salt mass fraction. This paper presents a sequential approach to evaluate the feasibility of identifying hydraulic conductivity and dispersivity in density‐dependent flow and transport models from surface ERT‐derived mass fraction. In the course of this study, geophysical inversion was performed by using a smoothness constraint Tikhonov approach, whereas the hydrological inversion was performed using a gradient‐based Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm. Two synthetic benchmarks were tested. They represent a pumping experiment in a homogeneous and heterogeneous coastal aquifer, respectively. These simulations demonstrated that only the lower salt mass fraction of the seawater‐freshwater transition zone can be recovered for different times. This ability has here been quantified in terms of cumulative sensitivity and our study has further demonstrated that the mismatch between the targeted and the recovered salt mass fraction occurs from a certain threshold. We were additionally able to explore the capability of sensitivity‐filtered ERT images using ground surface data only to recover (in both synthetic cases) the hydraulic conductivity while the dispersivity is more difficult to estimate. We attribute the latter mainly to the lack of ERT‐derived data at depth (where resolution is poorer) as well as to the smoothing effect of the ERT inversion.
Stable isotopes of surface water across the Longmenshan margin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xu Qiang , Hoke Gregory D. , Liu‐Zeng Jing , Ding Lin , Wang Wei , Yang Yang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCharacterization of the stable isotope compositions (δ18O and δD) of modern‐day surface waters traversing mountain ranges and bordering continental plateaus is important for refining climate models and establishing modern isotope‐elevation gradients along mountain ranges. The Longmenshan margin of the Tibetan Plateau is a steep, 4 km topographic front situated near the boundaries between westerlies and Asian monsoon moisture sources, and is previously unexplored with respect to the variation in water isotopic composition with elevation. This study reports stable isotope data from 101 water samples collected from streams, springs, and ponds along the Min River (Minjiang) watershed, which traverses the Longmenshan margin. Local meteoric water lines, d‐excess values, and surrounding precipitation and river water data sets suggest that precipitation across the Longmenshan margin is dominated by the East Asian summer monsoon. The increase in d‐excess values with increasing catchment elevation breaks down as local moisture recycling becomes important at elevations > 3 km a.s.l.. Along the Min River, however, the δ18Ow and δDw values decrease with increasing catchment elevation, which fit second‐order polynomial curves and are well‐approximated by a simple Rayleigh fractionation processes. The temperature‐corrected oxygen values in authigenic carbonates from the Pleistocene Zoige Basin, north of the Min River watershed, yield elevations equivalent to present by the oxygen isotope‐elevation relationship of the Longmenshan margin.
On the nature of the sea ice albedo feedback in simple models
Authors: Moon W. , Wettlaufer J. S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe examine the nature of the ice‐albedo feedback in a long‐standing approach used in the dynamic‐thermodynamic modeling of sea ice. The central issue examined is how the evolution of the ice area is treated when modeling a partial ice cover using a two‐category‐thickness scheme; thin sea ice and open water in one category and “thick” sea ice in the second. The problem with the scheme is that the area evolution is handled in a manner that violates the basic rules of calculus, which leads to a neglected area evolution term that is equivalent to neglecting a leading‐order latent heat flux. We demonstrate the consequences by constructing energy balance models with a fractional ice cover and studying them under the influence of increased radiative forcing. It is shown that the neglected flux is particularly important in a decaying ice cover approaching the transitions to seasonal or ice‐free conditions. Clearly, a mishandling of the evolution of the ice area has leading‐order effects on the ice‐albedo feedback. Accordingly, it may be of considerable importance to reexamine the relevant climate model schemes and to begin the process of converting them to fully resolve the sea ice thickness distribution in a manner such as remapping, which does not in principle suffer from the pathology we describe.
Using multiple data sets for public health tracking of work‐related injuries and illnesses in California
Authors: Joe Lauren , Roisman Rachel , Beckman Stella , Jones Martha , Beckman John , Frederick Matt , Harrison Robert 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundResearch suggests the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses underestimates the magnitude of workplace injuries and illnesses. Enumerating workplace injuries and illnesses may be improved by utilizing multiple state‐based data sources.MethodsUsing California‐based datasets (workers' compensation claims, health care facility data, and physician reports), we enumerated unique cases of amputations and carpal tunnel syndrome (2007–2008), and evaluated the datasets for usefulness in occupational health tracking by performing record linkage across all datasets and calculating match rates between them.Results6,862 amputation and 39,589 carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) cases were identified. Match rates between the datasets ranged from 34.0% to 45.6% (amputations) and 3.0% to 43.5% (CTS). Enumerated amputation and CTS cases from state‐based sources were about five and ten times greater than the BLS SOII estimates (1,390 and 3,720).ConclusionsSuccessful demonstration of this state level approach has broad implications for improving federal and state efforts to track and prevent work‐related injuries and illnesses. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1110–1119, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Doping of Single Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou X.‐F. , Cheng W. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe oxidative doping of single poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) nanoparticles is reported in aqueous sodium perchlorate using the nanoimpact method. Complete oxidative doping of single PVK nanoparticles with a size of approximately 120 nm is demonstrated, showing for the first time a simple strategy to synthesize and characterize doped polymeric nanoparticles at the single nanoparticle level.
Preparation and characterization of green reflective films of polyaniline analogs containing azobenzene units
Authors: Yamada Hikaru , Kukino Minoru , Wang Zhi An , Miyabara Ryo , Fujimoto Nobutaka , Kuwabara Junpei , Matsuishi Kiyoto , Kanbara Takaki 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTPd‐catalyzed polycondensation of aniline derivatives and 4,4′‐dibromoazobenzene affords polyaniline analogs containing azobenzene units. The polymers are red in solution and in thin films state, whereas they have a green luster in thick films. Substitution of 4,4′‐dibromoazobenzene for 4,4′‐dibromostilbene changes the reflection color from green to blue, whereas the introduction of a non‐conjugated unit slightly affects the reflection color. The glossiness of the film is dependent on the smoothness of the film surface. The reflectance measurements using polarized light reveal that reflection spectra correlate well with the complex refractive index (ñ = n + ik) of the film. These results confirm that the green luster can be attributed to the uniform surface reflection of the object, which has a large refractive index and absorption coefficient at around 500 nm. The polymer films exhibit good transmission of radio frequency signals owing to the lack of free electron carriers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41275.
Archipelago of Gear: The Political Economy of Fisheries Management and Private Sustainable Fisheries Initiatives in Indonesia
Authors: De Alessi Michael 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIndonesia is a vast archipelago, stretching over 3,000 miles and including the heart of the Coral Triangle. Fisheries and marine conservation is fundamentally important to Indonesia's large population, but to date the political, legal, economic and institutional socio‐cultural settings for fisheries management and marine conservation have been plagued by institutional and legal uncertainty. Even in cases where laws are clear, monitoring and enforcement are often unpredictable, or simply lacking. This has caused problems, but it has also created opportunities for innovative experiments at the local level, across the diverse cultural and political landscape of this nation of islands. This article describes the most notable examples of these experiments and how they may shape future marine conservation policy in Indonesia.
One‐Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Chen Lisong , Cui Xiangzhi , Wang Yongxia , Wang Min , Cui Fangming , Wei Chenyang , Huang Weimin , Hua Zile , Zhang Lingxia , Shi Jianlin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA high amount of heteroatom doping in carbon, although favorable for enhanced density of catalytically active sites, may lead to substantially decreased electroconductivity, which is necessary for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction. Herein, a relatively low amount of nitrogen was successfully doped into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by a hydrothermal approach in one step, and the synthesized nitrogen‐doped CNT (CNT‐N) materials retained most of the original, excellent characteristics, such as the graphitic structure, tubular morphology, and high surface area, of CNTs. The resultant CNT‐N materials, although containing a relatively low amount of nitrogen doping, exhibited high electrocatalytic ORR activity, comparable to that of 20 wt % Pt/C; long durability; and, more importantly, largely inhibited methanol crossover effect.
Simultaneous Linear and Anti‐Windup Controller Synthesis: Delayed Activation Case
Authors: Ran Maopeng , Wang Qing , Ni Maolin , Dong Chaoyang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we present a method for the synthesis of a delayed anti‐windup scheme in which the anti‐windup compensator is activated only when the degree of saturation reaches a certain level. Unlike the traditional two‐step anti‐windup design procedure, our method synthesizes entire parameters of the nominal controller and the delayed anti‐windup compensator simultaneously. In this simultaneous design, the trade‐offs between the linear and the constrained closed‐loop response are carried out, for the anti‐windup compensator retrofits to the “existing” nominal controller. Sufficient conditions for guaranteeing global stability and minimizing the induced gain performance for exogenous input are formulated and solved as some linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization problems. Effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated with a well‐known example.