bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of Ménière's disease
Authors: Lopez-Escamez Jose A. , Perez-Carpena Patricia 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
The aim of this work is to summarize the main advances on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Meniere's disease (MD).

Recent findings
Different immune responses to biotic stimuli may trigger MD, with subgroups identified based on cytokine and genetic profile, suggesting potential benefits from immune therapy, including antiallergic medication. Genetic and epigenetic research, along with imaging studies, reveal the complexity of MD, involving inflammation, immunity, and metabolic processes. Advanced imaging techniques define specific temporal bone features and endolymphatic hydrops, while machine learning models enhance diagnostic accuracy through clinical and laboratory data analysis. Differentiating MD from vestibular migraine remains challenging due to overlapping symptoms, but combining vestibular tests, audiological assessments, and biomarkers like cytokines and chemokines shows promise. Pharmacological treatments such as betahistine or corticosteroids show varying effectiveness and require further research according to immune subgroups. Surgical options like endolymphatic sac decompression, semicircular canal occlusion and labyrinthectomy are restricted to intractable cases.

Summary
Research into MD aims to improve diagnosis and treatment through genetic, immunological, and advanced imaging studies. Current treatments include pharmacological, intratympanic, and surgical interventions, but current research supports a personalized approach based on clinical and molecular re-definition of patient subgroups.
Artificial urinary sphincter: recent developments and the way forward
Authors: Reus Christine , Tran Stephanie , Mozer Pierre , Lenfant Louis , Beaugerie Aurélien , Chartier-Kastler Emmanuel 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
The AMS 800 has dominated the treatment of postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPUI) due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) for five decades. A narrative review from June 2022 to June 2024 was conducted using ‘artificial urinary sphincter’ (AUS) MeSH terms in Embase. We extracted information on innovative AUS, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective studies, and systematic reviews. We evaluated the latest guidelines and consensus and analyzed current trends to discuss options for advancing AUS practices.

Recent findings
Of 465 papers identified, 320 were excluded (irrelevant, duplicates, non-AUS devices, non-English, veterinary), and 145 were reviewed, with 24 selected: seven on novel AUS in development, 7 with higher-level evidence (1 RCT, 1 prospective, 4 systematic reviews, 1 nonsystematic review), and 9 retrospective relevant studies [pressure regulating balloon (PRB), revision strategies, radiotherapy history, manual dexterity/cognition, transscrotal vs. transperineal approach]. The final paper summarized current guidelines from Asia & Pacific on AUS.

Summary
In the past 2 years, six novel AUS have emerged, two female RCTs are ongoing, the SATURN study published its 1-year outcomes, and four systematic reviews on female AUS were conducted. These findings enhance evidence levels and position novel AUS to challenge the Gold Standard.
The Role of the Cervical Spine in Dizziness
Authors: Treleaven Julia 
Published: August 2024

The neck can be implicated in dizziness via several, separate, discreet mechanisms. Proprioceptive cervicogenic dizziness (CGD) is the most common and reflects the cervical spine’s important role, along with visual and vestibular input, for sensorimotor control. Impaired cervical proprioception can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, unsteadiness, visual disturbances, and altered sensorimotor control, and treatment directed toward cervical musculoskeletal and sensorimotor control is efficacious to improve this in individuals with cervical musculoskeletal disorders.
Despite this, CGD is difficult to diagnose. Many people present with both neck pain and dizziness, and often the onset of both follows head and neck trauma, but neither necessarily implicate the neck as the cause of dizziness. Further, people often present with mixed forms of dizziness. Thus, rather than diagnosing CGD, it might be more important to consider the potential for the neck to have no (nil, co-morbid cervical condition) or some (minor, major, or compensatory) role in dizziness.
Determining the precise role of the cervical spine role in dizziness requires a skilled interview and examination for cervical musculoskeletal and related sensorimotor impairments and relevant testing of other potential causes. A combination and cluster of test outcomes in addition to comparing responses to specific tests when the cervical afferents are stimulated and not stimulated will be important.
Considering the role of the neck in dizziness will allow a balanced approach in assessment and management to allow timely, effective intervention to be provided to the large number of individuals presenting with neck pain and dizziness (Supplemental Digital Content, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A484).
Current Controversy in Prenatal Diagnosis: The Use of cfDNA to Screen for Monogenic Conditions in Low Risk Populations Is Ready for Clinical Use
Authors: Vora Neeta L. , Langlois Sylvie , Chitty Lyn S. 
Published: August 2024

(Abstracted from Prenat Diagn 2024;44:389–397)
Pathogenic variants occurring in a single gene are referred to as monogenic conditions, whether the mutations are inherited or de novo. Pregnancies at risk for inheriting monogenic conditions are generally screened using cfDNA noninvasive tests or through DNA analysis from samples obtained through chorionic villi sampling or amniocentesis.
Effects of a communication skills training program to improve capacity to engage in advance care planning in caregivers of patients with malignant gliomas
Authors: Applebaum Allison J. , Loschiavo Morgan J. , Kastrinos Amanda , Schofield Elizabeth , Behrens Mia , Gebert Rebecca , Carver Alan , Parker Patricia A. , Han Paul K.J. , Diamond Eli L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Family and friend caregivers play a critical role in advance care planning (ACP) discussions, which are difficult but necessary to carry out patients' goals of care. This role is particularly important among caregivers of patients with malignant gliomas (MGs), who are often tasked with quickly taking responsibility for healthcare communication. We developed and evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a virtual communication skills training program to equip caregivers of patients with recurrent MGs with skills to navigate ACP conversations with patients and healthcare providers.

Methods:
Our 2-hour communication skills training combined a series of didactic exercises with roleplay scenarios and follow-up coaching through a booster call conducted 2 weeks after training completion. Caregivers were randomized to receive either the communication skills training or enhanced usual care (EUC), which included screening and the provision of targeted referrals. Assessments were completed at baseline (T1) and at 2 (T2) and 5 (T3) months of follow-up.

Results:
A total of 34 caregivers enrolled and were randomized, of whom 19 completed the T2 and 18 completed the T3 assessment. 10 of the 13 caregivers who completed the training participated in interviews at T2 about their experiences and perceived benefits of participation. At T3, results indicated a strong effect size for reduced anxiety and distress and increased preparedness for death in caregivers who received the intervention relative to EUC. Participants reported that the training helped them feel confident initiating ACP conversations, validated in their fears about death, and helped them feel supported and less alone.

Conclusion:
Despite the challenges of recruiting a highly distressed group of caregivers, there were notable benefits of our communication skills training. Additional larger trials are needed to rigorously evaluate the efficacy of the training program and those that include caregivers of patients with other sites and stages of cancer to determine the generalizability of findings.
IPOS at 40: how can we build on our success?
Authors: Jacobsen Paul B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This invited commentary presents the author's reflections on the state of International Psycho-Oncology Society on the occasion of anniversary. The comments are presented in the form of an informal Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats analysis that characterizes the society's principal strengths and weaknesses, the opportunities it possesses, and the threats it faces. These comments are offered with the intent of stimulating greater discussion about how International Psycho-Oncology Society can best serve its members, achieve its goals going forward, and continue to be a vibrant and thriving society.
High-Resolution CT Patterns of Anti-PD1 Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis in Patients With Lung Cancer
Authors: Pan Xiaohuan , Xie Xiaohong , Chen Xiaojuan , Chen Huai 
Published: August 2024

Background
Lung cancer has the highest morbidity and mortality in the world, and immunotherapies have been developed for this disease in recent years. However, activation of the immune system can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP), can be the most severe and fatal. But few reports have systematically examined the spectrum of imaging findings of this condition. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) characteristics of CIP in patients with lung cancer.

Objective
To investigate the HRCT characteristics of CIP in patients with lung cancer.

Methods
HRCT patterns in 41 lung cancer patients who developed CIP after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors were retrospectively characterized by interstitial lung disease classification, and their severity was graded. Specific HRCT characteristics related to CIP were identified.

Results
There are 4 types of immunotherapy-induce pneumonitis patterns (organizing pneumonia OP 19 cases, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia NSIP 8 cases, acute interstitial pneumonia AIP 7 cases, 7 cases of undetermined type) and image grade (13 cases of grade 1, 17 cases of grade 2, 11 cases of grade 3, 0 cases of grade 4) were identified. Spatial distribution characteristics of these lesions were noted (17 cases predominantly distributed in tumor-containing lobes, 6 cases predominantly distributed in non–tumor-containing lobes, and no specific predilection in 18 cases). Specific CT imaging features found in CIP included, in the order of prevalence, the following: ground glass opacities (38 cases), subpleural/vertical line (37 cases), interstitial thickening around the bronchovascular bundles (36 cases), reticulation (34 cases), fine reticular shadow (31 cases), consolidation (31 cases), small cystic shadow (24 cases, may not having honeycombing), small nodules (17 cases), bronchiectasis (15 cases), honeycombing (11 cases), mosaic sign (11 cases), and pleural effusion (18 cases).

Conclusion
HRCT of CIP predominantly manifests as ground glass opacities, reticulation, subpleural/vertical line, interstitial thickening around the bronchovascular bundle, and consolidation.
Improved Pulmonary Artery Evaluation Using High-Pitch Photon-Counting CT Compared to High-Pitch Conventional or Routine-Pitch Conventional Dual-Energy CT
Authors: Yalon Mariana , Hoodeshenas Safa , Chan Alex , Horst Kelly K. , Crum Isaac , Thorne Jamison E. , Lee Yong S. , Yu Lifeng , McCollough Cynthia H. , Fletcher Joel G. , Rajiah Prabhakar Shantha 
Published: August 2024

Objective
Pulmonary CT angiography (CTA) to detect pulmonary emboli can be performed using conventional dual-source CT with single-energy acquisition at high-pitch (high-pitch conventional CT), which minimizes motion artifacts, or routine-pitch, dual-energy acquisitions (routine-pitch conventional DECT), which maximize iodine signal. We compared iodine signal, radiation dose, and motion artifacts of pulmonary CTA between these conventional CT modalities and dual-source photon-counting detector CT with high-pitch, multienergy acquisitions (high-pitch photon-counting CT).

Methods
Consecutive clinically indicated pulmonary CTA exams were collected. CT number/noise was measured from the main to right lower lobe segmental pulmonary arteries using 120 kV threshold low, 120 kV, and mixed kV (0.6 linear blend) images. Three radiologists reviewed anonymized, randomized exams, rating them using a 4- or 5-point Likert scale (1 = worst, and 4/5 = best) for contrast enhancement in pulmonary arteries, motion artifacts in aortic root to subsegmental pulmonary arteries, lung image quality; pulmonary blood volume (PBV) map image quality (for multienergy or dual-energy exams), and contribution to reader confidence.

Results
One hundred fifty patients underwent high-pitch photon-counting CT (n = 50), high-pitch conventional CT (n = 50), and routine-pitch conventional DECT (n = 50). High-pitch photon-counting CT had lower radiation dose (CTDIvol: 8.1 ± 2.5 vs 9.6 ± 6.8 and 16.2 ± 8.5 mGy, respectively; P < 0.001), and routine-pitch conventional DECT had significantly less contrast (P < 0.009). CT number and CNR measurements were significantly greater at high-pitch photon-counting CT (P < 0.001). Across readers, high-pitch photon-counting CT demonstrated significantly higher subjective contrast enhancement in the pulmonary arteries compared to the other modalities (4.7 ± 0.6 vs 4.4 ± 0.7 vs 4.3 ± 0.7; P = 0.011) and lung image quality (3.4 ± 0.5 vs 3.1 ± 0.5 vs 3.1 ± 0.5; P = 0.013). High-pitch photon-counting CT and high-pitch conventional CT had fewer motion artifacts at all levels compared to DECT (P < 0.001). High-pitch photon-counting CT PBV maps had superior image quality (P < 0.001) and contribution to reader confidence (P < 0.001) compared to routine-pitch conventional DECT.

Conclusion
High-pitch photon-counting pulmonary CTA demonstrated higher contrast in pulmonary arteries at lower radiation doses with improved lung image quality and fewer motion artifacts compared to high-pitch conventional CT and routine-pitch conventional dual-energy CT.
Clinical Diagnostic Value of Shear-Wave Elastography in Detecting Malignant Nipple Retraction
Authors: Tan Rong , Liu Jie , Tang Qi , Chen Hui , Zhang Zhenhui 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
In recent years, the use of shear-wave elastography (SWE) as a diagnostic tool for detecting malignant breast lesions has shown promising results. This study aims to determine the clinical diagnostic value of SWE in detecting malignant nipple retraction.

Methods
Both US and SWE (Philips EPIQ7 system) were performed for 41 consecutive patients with nipple retraction (56 nipples). The mean, median, and maximum tissue elasticity values (in kilopascals) were determined for each nipple by using SWE. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of each measurement was determined by using the surgical pathology results or clinical diagnosis as the gold standard.

Results
Of the 56 retracted nipples, 32 were due to benign lesions, and 24 were due to malignant lesions. No significant differences in dimensions or echo features were found between the benign and malignant groups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) pattern were 63.89% (23/36), 95% (19/20), 95.83 (23/24), 59.38 (19/32), and 75% (42/56), respectively; the corresponding values for median elasticity on SWE were 88.46% (23/26), 96.67% (29/30), 95.83 (23/24), 90.63 (29/32), and 92.85 (52/56), respectively.

Conclusions
The addition of SWE to conventional US could help differentiate benign from malignant lesions associated with nipple retraction.
IGF1 and CXCR4 Respectively Related With Inhibited M1 Macrophage Polarization in Keloids
Authors: Liu Ying , Han Bing , Tan Liuchang , Ji Dongshuo , Chen Xiaofang 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
The pathophysiology of keloid remains unclear. Exploring the immune heterogeneity and new biomarkers of keloids can help design new therapeutic targets for keloid treatments and prevention.

Methods:
The authors performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and bulk data differential gene expression analysis of public datasets(GSE92566 and GSE163973). They used Gene Ontology (GO), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and immune infiltration analysis to identify the function of the differential expressed genes. Besides, the authors performed qt-PCR on keloid tissue and adjacent normal tissues from 3 patients for further verification.

Results:
M2 macrophage increased in keloid samples than M1 macrophage. The authors identified 2 potential novel biomarkers of keloid, IGF1 and CXCR4, which could inhibit M1 macrophage polarization. The potential mechanism could be inhibiting immune responses and anti-inflammatory activities through INF signaling and E2F targeting. The differential expression of the 2 genes was verified by clinical samples.

Conclusions:
The authors identified 2 immune signaling molecules associated with keloid formation (IGF1 and CXCR4) and analyzed their potential pathogenic mechanisms.
Ex-vivo Liver Resection and Autotransplantation for Liver Malignancy
Authors: Aini Abudusalamu , Lu Qian , Chen Zhiyu , Yang Zhanyu , Liu Zhipeng , Zhang Leida , Dong Jiahong 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To assess the effectiveness of optimized ex-vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) for treating liver malignancies.

Background:
ELRA is a promising surgery for radical resection of conventionally unresectable tumors, despite the disappointing long-term prognosis during its developmental stages. A recent multicenter study reported 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates of 28% and 20.8%, respectively.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed data of patients who underwent ELRA for advanced liver cancers between 2009 and 2022. We applied ELRA via our novel surgical indication classification system where the surgical risk with curative intent for advanced liver malignancy was controllable using the ex-vivo approach. The ELRA was optimized for determinacy, predictability, and controllability via the precision liver surgery paradigm.

Results:
Thirty-seven cases with liver malignancies were enrolled. The operative time and anhepatic phase duration were 649.6±200.0 and 261.2±74.5 minutes, respectively, while the intraoperative blood loss was 1902±1192 mL. Negative resection margins were achieved in all patients, and the 90-day morbidity at Clavien-Dindo IIIa/IIIb and mortality rates were 27.0% and 24.3%. Post-ELRA 1-, 3-, and 5-year actual overall survival rates were 62.2%, 37.8%, and 35.1%, respectively, and 1-, 3-, and 5-year actual disease-free survival rates were 43.2%, 24.3%, and 18.9%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Long-term outcomes of ELRA under precision liver surgery for advanced liver malignancy were favorable. Appropriate criteria for disease selection and surgical indications and optimized procedures together can improve surgical treatment and patient prognosis.
Effectiveness and predictors of psychotherapy in eating disorders: state-of-the-art and future directions
Authors: Monteleone Alessio Maria , Abbate-Daga Giovanni 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
Psychotherapy is the cornerstone of the multidisciplinary treatment approach for eating disorders. This review examines recent evidence regarding effectiveness, predictors, and mechanisms of change of psychotherapy in eating disorders, providing a road map for clinicians and researchers.

Recent findings
Family-based treatments (FBT) are effective in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Evidence-based psychotherapies for anorexia nervosa have no evidence of superiority compared with treatment as usual (TAU) in adults with anorexia nervosa. Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is the first-choice psychotherapy recommended for adults with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder (BED). Self-help interventions have some evidence of effectiveness in nonunderweight individuals with eating disorders. Early symptom improvement and adolescent age predict more favourable outcomes.

Summary
Evidence-based psychotherapies can be suggested for eating disorders, although follow-up data are needed. Beyond anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and BED, there is no evidence of psychotherapy effectiveness in other eating disorders. The effectiveness of novel (e.g. ‘third-wave’) psychotherapies, treatment delivery modality (e.g. internet-delivered), and adjunctive interventions (e.g. virtual reality) needs to be further explored. A broader definition of recovery is recommended, including behavioural, physical, and psychological criteria. Predictors and mechanisms of changes have not been studied enough: quantitative and qualitative studies are needed to promote more tailored and individualized psychotherapy interventions.
Early intervention for eating disorders
Authors: Mills Regan , Hyam Lucy , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
Research on early intervention for eating disorders has started to gain traction and examples of this in practice are increasing. This review summarizes findings over the past 3 years, focusing on the clinical effectiveness of early intervention in practice and the barriers and facilitators to its implementation.

Recent findings
Recent developments in early intervention for eating disorders can be divided into three broad themes: research that has examined the efficacy of early intervention pathways in practice, research that has informed understanding of the target patient groups of early intervention (via clinical staging models, e.g.), and research that has suggested new ways to progress early intervention, towards becoming a standard part of best practice care.

Summary
Early intervention pathways have shown promising clinical outcomes and are viewed positively by patients, clinicians and other stakeholders. However, more robust trials of their efficacy, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness are needed. Additionally, barriers to early intervention have been identified (e.g. delayed help-seeking); research must now develop and evaluate strategies to address these. Finally, the early intervention models in practice are underpinned partly by clinical staging models for eating disorders, which require further development, especially for eating disorders other than anorexia nervosa.