bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quel après-nucléaire pour Brennilis ?
Authors: Huot Sylvain 
Published: January 2015

Après un long arrêt depuis les années 1980, la centrale de Brennilis, dans le Finistère, fait l’objet d’un programme ambitieux de démantèlement total. Premier du genre en France, piloté par EDF, le chantier connaît du retard, coûte cher, mais reste ambitieux et se veut une vitrine du savoir-faire français en la matière. Située au sein des monts d’Arrée, dans le territoire sauvage du Yeun Elez, la centrale sert de repère visuel mais aussi mental et social. À l’aube d’une explosion probable au cours du siècle du nombre de friches nucléaires, le site de Brennilis offre une opportunité originale d’expérimentation et de reconversion au cœur de l'élaboration d'un véritable projet de territoire.
Durkheim en débat
Authors: Béra Matthieu 
Published: January 2015

Il s’agit de donner un aperçu de la manière dont sont restitués les débats suscités par l’œuvre de Durkheim dans une vingtaine d’ouvrages français d’introduction à la sociologie. Comment cette « littérature secondaire » traite-t-elle le « père fondateur » de la sociologie ? Comment restitue-t-elle les critiques qui lui ont été adressées, première réception incluse ?
Art et valuation
Authors: Citton Yves , Querrien Anne 
Published: January 2015

Les pratiques artistiques proposent moins des objets (œuvres) que des enquêtes de « valuation », pour reprendre un terme inspiré par John Dewey. Cet article essaie de comprendre en quoi ces jeux artistiques de valuation nous montrent l’envers à la fois des modes de valorisation issus du marché et des pratiques d’évaluation imposées aujourd’hui au nom d’une certaine « gouvernance ».
Goya, le douanier et moi
Authors: Kyrou Ariel 
Published: January 2015

Les surprises et les soucis quotidiens d’un organisateur de festival d’art font entrevoir l’envers des jeux de valeur qui sous-tendent la circulation des œuvres. Une gravure de Goya manquant à l’appel vaut-elle une crise cardiaque ? Un paquet qui n’est déclaré en douane que pour une valeur de 600 euros peut-il vraiment passer pour de l’art ? La profonde ambivalence de l’œuvre fait surface à de telles occasions : côté pile, elle ne vaut rien ; côté face, elle n’a pas de prix. L’évaluation de l’inévaluable est un piège.
Save Our Senses
Authors: Fol Jac 
Published: January 2015

Supposant que l’art, après avoir été valuation , en était devenu l’intermédiaire, nous approchons deux modes qui peuvent générer sa fin ; d’une part, le savant raisonnement des faits artistiques qui en explicite et modélise les rouages et, corrélativement, l’exploitation systématique et marchande de toutes ses ressources émotionnelles… Tout en espérant, au bout du compte, que son essentielle inutilité de valeur sans terme lui sauve la mise.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Grading Indirect Ophthalmoscopy Video Images for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening
Authors: Prakalapakorn Sasapin G. , Wallace David K. , Dolland Riana S. , Freedman Sharon F. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose:
To determine whether digital retinal images obtained using a video indirect ophthalmoscopy system can be accurately graded for zone, stage of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and plus or pre-plus disease, and used to screen for type 1 ROP.

Methods:
Charts of 114 infants who had retinal video images acquired using the video indirect ophthalmoscopy system during routine ROP examinations were retrospectively reviewed. Two masked ophthalmologists (1 expert and 1 non-expert in ROP screening) graded the video images for image quality, zone, stage of ROP, and pre-plus or plus disease. The ophthalmologists’ grades of the videos were compared to the clinical examination results, which served as the reference standard. The sensitivity and specificity of two predefined criteria for referral in detecting disease requiring treatment (ie, type 1 ROP) were then determined.

Results:
Of images the expert considered fair or good quality (n = 68), the expert and non-expert correctly identified zone (75% vs 74% of images, respectively), stage of ROP (75% vs 40% of images, respectively), and the presence of pre-plus or plus disease (79% of images). Expert and non-expert judgment of pre-threshold disease, pre-plus disease, or plus disease had 100% sensitivity and 75% versus 79% specificity, respectively, for detecting type 1 ROP. Expert and non-expert judgment of pre-plus or plus disease had 92% versus 100% sensitivity and 77% versus 82% specificity, respectively, for detecting type 1 ROP.

Conclusions:
High-quality retinal video images can be read with high sensitivity and acceptable specificity to screen for type 1 ROP. Grading for pre-plus or plus disease alone may be sufficient for the purpose of ROP screening.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(2):85–92.]
The Appledore Island pluton of the Rye Complex, coastal New Hampshire and Maine, USA: geochronological and chemical evidence for the affinity of an enigmatic terrane
Authors: Dorais Michael John , Bothner Wallace , Buchwaldt Robert 
Published: January 2015

The Rye Complex of coastal New Hampshire and Maine is a peri-Gondwanan terrrane that up to now had an uncertain origin. An offshore portion of the complex, Appledore Island of the Isles of Shoals, hosts a mainly dioritic intrusion that yielded an U-Pb zircon age of 361.09 ± 0.14 Ma, allowing comparison of its geochemical characteristics with mafic rocks of similar age across the northern Appalachian orogen. The Appledore Island diorite has similar major, trace, and isotopic compositions as continental rift tholeiite in the Narragansett Basin in southern New England and in the Maritimes Basin of Canada. These intraplate volcanic rocks range from 375 to 330 Ma, bracketing the age of the Appledore Island diorite. Their intraplate tectonic setting reflects regional extension during the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous which produced successor basins after the Acadian orogeny. The geochemical and age similarities of the Appledore Island diorite and the mafic rocks of the successor basins suggest that the Rye Complex is a basement fragment of a successor basin block. Further evidence of the identity of the Rye Complex is provided by the isotopic composition of intermingled, comagmatic granitic rocks associated with the Appledore Island diorite. The granite has a Ganderian isotopic signature, suggesting that the Rye Complex is a Ganderian basement block that was transposed by movement along the Norumbega Fault System to its position adjacent to the Merrimack Trough of New Hampshire and Maine.
Advocating Nonsurgical Management of Patients With Small, Incidental Radial Scars at the Time of Needle Core Biopsy: A Study of 77 Cases
Authors: Matrai Cathleen , D'Alfonso Timothy M. , Pharmer Lindsay , Drotman Michele B. , Simmons Rache M. , Shin Sandra J. 
Published: January 2015

ContextRadial scars are benign sclerosing lesions that are routinely excised when diagnosed in a needle core biopsy. Optimal management for patients with incidental and small (≤5 mm) radial scars is uncertain.ObjectiveTo assess pathologic upgrade of radial scars diagnosed in needle core biopsy samples and identify a subset of patients who could benefit from conservative management.DesignPatients with a diagnosis of radial scar in a needle core biopsy who underwent excision of the biopsied area were identified. Radial scars greater than 5 mm in size and those with coexisting atypia, carcinoma, and papillary lesions were excluded. After histologic-radiographic correlation, rates of pathologic upgrade were assessed.ResultsSeventy-seven radial scars diagnosed in 66 patients were included. Overall, 9 of 77 (12%) showed upgrade to a high-risk lesion (6 lobular carcinoma in situ, 2 atypical ductal hyperplasia, 1 atypical lobular hyperplasia), while none (0%) showed upgrade to invasive carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ. One of 22 incidental radial scars (4.5%) showed upgrade on excision versus 6 of 36 (16.7%) for radial scars considered to be the radiographic target (P = .23). Older age was associated with upgrade (P &lt; .001).ConclusionsNo incidental or small (≤5 mm) radial scars excised revealed invasive carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ on excision. Provided there is good pathologic-radiologic concordance, it appears reasonable for these patients to be managed conservatively.
Multiscale equatorial electrojet turbulence:Baseline 2‐D model
Authors: Hassan Ehab , Horton W. , Smolyakov A. I. , Hatch D. R. , Litt S. K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe spatial and spectral characteristics of the turbulent plasma density, electric fields, and ion drift in ionospheric E region are studied using a new set of nonlinear plasma fluid equations. The fluid model combines both Farley‐Buneman (Type‐I) and Gradient‐Drift (Type‐II) plasma instabilities in the equatorial electrojet. In our unified model of the plasma instabilities, we include the ion viscosity in the ion momentum equation and electron inertia in the electron momentum equation. These two terms play an important role in stabilizing the growing modes in the linear regime and in driving the Farley‐Buneman instability into the saturation state. The simulation results show good agreements with a number of features of rocket and radar observations, such as (1) saturation of plasma density perturbations depends on the solar condition and reaches 7–15% relative to the background, (2) fluctuation of the horizontal secondary electric field reaches 8–15 mV/m, (3) stabilization of the phase velocity of the perturbed density wave around the value of the ion‐acoustic speed inside the electrojet, (4) “up‐down” asymmetry in the vertical fluxes of the plasma density, (5) “east‐west” asymmetry of the plasma zonal drifts, and (6) generation of small scale of the order of meter scale lengths irregularities embedded in large‐scale structures. Spectral analysis of the density fluctuations reveals the energy cascade due to the nonlinear coupling between structures of different scales. The break‐up of the large‐scale structures into small‐scale structures explains the disappearance of Type‐II echoes in the presence of Type‐I instabilities.
Upper limit on the inner radiation belt MeV electron intensity
Authors: Li X. , Selesnick R. S. , Baker D. N. , Jaynes A. N. , Kanekal S. G. , Schiller Q. , Blum L. , Fennell J. , Blake J. B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNo instruments in the inner radiation belt are immune from the unforgiving penetration of the highly energetic protons (tens of MeV to GeV). The inner belt proton flux level, however, is relatively stable; thus, for any given instrument, the proton contamination often leads to a certain background noise. Measurements from the Relativistic Electron and Proton Telescope integrated little experiment on board Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment CubeSat, in a low Earth orbit, clearly demonstrate that there exist sub‐MeV electrons in the inner belt because their flux level is orders of magnitude higher than the background, while higher‐energy electron (>1.6 MeV) measurements cannot be distinguished from the background. Detailed analysis of high‐quality measurements from the Relativistic Electron and Proton Telescope on board Van Allen Probes, in a geo‐transfer‐like orbit, provides, for the first time, quantified upper limits on MeV electron fluxes in various energy ranges in the inner belt. These upper limits are rather different from flux levels in the AE8 and AE9 models, which were developed based on older data sources. For 1.7, 2.5, and 3.3 MeV electrons, the upper limits are about 1 order of magnitude lower than predicted model fluxes. The implication of this difference is profound in that unless there are extreme solar wind conditions, which have not happened yet since the launch of Van Allen Probes, significant enhancements of MeV electrons do not occur in the inner belt even though such enhancements are commonly seen in the outer belt.
Three‐dimensional dynamic rupture simulations across interacting faults: TheMw7.0, 2010, Haiti earthquake
Authors: Douilly R. , Aochi H. , Calais E. , Freed A. M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe mechanisms controlling rupture propagation between fault segments during a large earthquake are key to the hazard posed by fault systems. Rupture initiation on a smaller fault sometimes transfers to a larger fault, resulting in a significant event (e.g., 2002M7.9 Denali USA and 2010M7.1 Darfield New Zealand earthquakes). In other cases rupture is constrained to the initial fault and does not transfer to nearby faults, resulting in events of more moderate magnitude. This was the case of the 1989M6.9 Loma Prieta and 2010M7.0 Haiti earthquakes which initiated on reverse faults abutting against a major strike‐slip plate boundary fault but did not propagate onto it. Here we investigate the rupture dynamics of the Haiti earthquake, seeking to understand why rupture propagated across two segments of the Léogâne fault but did not propagate to the adjacent Enriquillo Plantain Garden Fault, the major 200 km long plate boundary fault cutting through southern Haiti. We use a finite element model to simulate propagation of rupture on the Léogâne fault, varying friction and background stress to determine the parameter set that best explains the observed earthquake sequence, in particular, the ground displacement. The two slip patches inferred from finite fault inversions are explained by the successive rupture of two fault segments oriented favorably with respect to the rupture propagation, while the geometry of the Enriquillo fault did not allow shear stress to reach failure.
Tectonic and gravity extensional collapses in overpressured cohesive and frictional wedges
Authors: Yuan X. P. , Leroy Y. M. , Maillot B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTwo modes of extensional collapse in a cohesive and frictional wedge of arbitrary topography, finite extent, and resting on an inclined weak dcollement are examined by analytical means. The first mode consists of the gravitational collapse by the action of a half‐graben, rooting on the dcollement and pushing seaward the frontal part of the wedge. The second mode results from the tectonics extension at the back wall with a similar half‐graben kinematics and the landward sliding of the rear part of the wedge. The predictions of the maximum strength theorem, equivalent to the kinematic approach of limit analysis and based on these two collapse mechanisms, not only match exactly the solutions of the critical Coulomb wedge theory, once properly amended, but generalizes them in several aspects: wedge of finite size, composed of cohesive material and of arbitrary topography. This generalization is advantageous to progress in our understanding of many laboratory experiments and field cases. For example, it is claimed from analytical results validated by experiments that the stability transition for a cohesive, triangular wedge occurs with the activation of the maximum length of the dcollement. It is shown that the details of the topography, for the particular example of the Mejillones peninsula (North Chile) is, however, responsible for the selection of a short length‐scale, dynamic instability corresponding to a frontal gravitational instability. A reasonable amount of cohesion is sufficient for the pressures proposed in the literature to correspond to a stability transition and not with a dynamically unstable state.
Overturning circulation that ventilates the intermediate layer of the Sea of Okhotsk and the North Pacific: The role of salinity advection
Authors: Matsuda Junji , Mitsudera Humio , Nakamura Tomohiro , Sasajima Yuichiro , Hasumi Hiroyasu , Wakatsuchi Masaaki 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDense Shelf Water (DSW) formation in the northwestern continental shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk is the beginning of the lower limb of the overturning circulation that ventilates the intermediate layer of the North Pacific Ocean. The upper limb consisting of surface currents in the Okhotsk Sea and the subarctic gyre has not been clarified. Using a high‐resolution North Pacific Ocean model with a curvilinear grid as fine as 3 km × 3 km in the Sea of Okhotsk, we succeeded in representing the three‐dimensional structure of the overturning circulation including the narrow boundary currents and flows through straits that constitute the upper limb, as well as the lower limb consisting of DSW formation and ventilation. In particular, pathways and time scales from the Bering Sea to the intermediate layer via the ventilation in the Sea of Okhotsk were examined in detail using tracer experiments. Further, we found that the overturning circulation that connects the surface and intermediate layer is sensitive to wind stress. In the case of strong winds, the coastal current under polynyas where DSW forms is intensified, and consequently diapycnal transport from the surface layer to the intermediate layer increases. Strong winds also induce a positive sea surface salinity anomaly in the subarctic region, causing a significant decrease in the density stratification and increase in the DSW salinity (i.e., density). These processes act together to produce intense overturning circulation and deep ventilation, which may subduct even to the bottom of the Sea of Okhotsk if the wind is strong.
SMOS salinity in the subtropical North Atlantic salinity maximum: 2. Two‐dimensional horizontal thermohaline variability
Authors: Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Hernandez Olga , Boutin Jacqueline , Reverdin Gilles 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe horizontal thermohaline seasonal variability of the surface ocean is investigated in the subtropical North Atlantic Surface Salinity Maximum (SSSmax) region. Satellite sea surface temperature and salinity are used, along with high‐resolution thermosalinograph data, and Argo interpolated products, to study the horizontal two‐dimensional field of density and thermohaline variability. During late winter, compensated temperature and salinity gradients at large and mesoscale are observed northeast of the SSSmax, in the Azores Front Current region. In spite of the large and sharp surface thermohaline fronts, satellite measurements reveal a rather weak surface horizontal density gradient. During summer, the front is dominated by salinity gradients. South of the SSSmax, at large scales, the density ratio is controlled by the salinity gradient and the horizontal density gradient is enhanced by a constructive contribution of opposite salinity and temperature gradients.
Detecting the surface salinity signature of Gulf Stream cold‐core rings in Aquarius synergistic products
Authors: Umbert M. , Guimbard S. , Lagerloef G. , Thompson L. , Portabella M. , Ballabrera‐Poy J. , Turiel A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNew sea surface salinity (SSS) observations derived from satellite remote sensing platforms provide a comprehensive view of salt exchanges across boundary currents such as the Gulf Stream. The high resolution (45 km spatial resolution and 3 day repeat subcycle) of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) observations allows detection (and tracking) of meander and ring structures of the Gulf Stream from SSS maps. These structures are, however, not resolved by the relatively lower resolution (100 km and 7 day repeat subcycle) of Aquarius observations. A recently developed fusion technique, based on singularity analysis, is applied in this study to reconstruct these mesoscale (from 100 km and 3 days) features in Aquarius‐derived products. New quarter‐degree SSS maps are obtained by fusing Aquarius data with three different geophysical templates: sea surface height (SSH) from AVISO, SSS from SMOS, and sea surface temperature (SST) from AVHRR. The proposed method exploits the theoretical correspondence among the singularity exponents of different maps of ocean‐surface remotely sensed scalar fields. The analysis results over the year 2012 show that merging Aquarius with SSH data provides a series of negative salinity anomalies that better collocate with the position of the cyclonic eddies identified from sea level anomaly maps. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that this SLA derived cyclonic eddies in this area are indeed CCRs shed off the GS.
Ecohydrologic role of solar radiation on landscape evolution
Authors: Yetemen Omer , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , Flores‐Cervantes J. Homero , Vivoni Enrique R. , Bras Rafael L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSolar radiation has a clear signature on the spatial organization of ecohydrologic fluxes, vegetation patterns and dynamics, and landscape morphology in semiarid ecosystems. Existing landscape evolution models (LEMs) do not explicitly consider spatially explicit solar radiation as model forcing. Here, we improve an existing LEM to represent coupled processes of energy, water, and sediment balance for semiarid fluvial catchments. To ground model predictions, a study site is selected in central New Mexico where hillslope aspect has a marked influence on vegetation patterns and landscape morphology. Model predictions are corroborated using limited field observations in central NM and other locations with similar conditions. We design a set of comparative LEM simulations to investigate the role of spatially explicit solar radiation on landscape ecohydro‐geomorphic development under different uplift scenarios. Aspect‐control and network‐control are identified as the two main drivers of soil moisture and vegetation organization on the landscape. Landscape‐scale and long‐term implications of these short‐term ecohdrologic patterns emerged in modeled landscapes. As north facing slopes (NFS) get steeper by continuing uplift they support erosion‐resistant denser vegetation cover which leads to further slope steepening until erosion and uplift attains a dynamic equilibrium. Conversely, on south facing slopes (SFS), as slopes grow with uplift, increased solar radiation exposure with slope supports sparser biomass and shallower slopes. At the landscape scale, these differential erosion processes lead to asymmetric development of catchment forms, consistent with regional observations. Understanding of ecohydrogeomorphic evolution will improve to assess the impacts of past and future climates on landscape response and morphology.
Impairment of Asset Values
Authors: Massoud Marc F. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The value of long‐lived assets such as buildings, land, and equipment can be susceptible to impairment. The decline in their value could be due to any number of factors such as technological innovations, new competition, or wear and tear. Both GAAP and IFRS provide different guidelines for when to recognize and how to measure impairment losses of long‐lived assets and intangible assets. There are certain tests that must be performed by an organization before they recognize any impairment loss.
Leases
Authors: El‐Gazzar Samir M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article analyzes current accounting for leases under US GAAP and IFRS and discusses the accounting update of the subject by the two accounting regimes. The article points out the tendency of lessees to account for leases under the operating lease as it allows them to obtain legitimate off‐balance sheet financing. It also analyzes the lack of lessor's disclosure of potential risks from leases with bargain purchase option and/or residual value. The proposed accounting for leases by the IASB and FASB addresses these concerns.