bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid gland invasion in total laryngectomy and total laryngopharyngectomy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the English literature
Authors: Kumar R. , Drinnan M. , Robinson M. , Meikle D. , Stafford F. , Welch A. , Zammit‐Maempel I. , Paleri V. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundAdvanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas carry an inherent risk of invading thyroid parenchyma leading to the incorporation of a hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy as part of a total laryngectomy. In some centres, thyroid gland removal occurs routinely during surgery for T3 and T4 laryngopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the incidence of invasion is low, and therefore, thyroid‐sparing surgery must be considered for select cases.Objective of reviewThe primary goal of the review is to assess the true incidence of thyroid gland invasion in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma. Utilising this data we aim to identify risk factors and clinical predictors of thyroid gland invasion to facilitate in a more targeted approach in the surgical management of advanced laryngopharyngeal carcinoma.Type of reviewA systematic review and meta‐analysis of all published data and review of case series at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals (NuTH).Search strategyMEDLINE (1946–2012) and EMBASE (1980–2012) were searched.Evaluation methodA single reviewer conducted the systematic review with a follow‐up ancestry search. Studies publishing case series of T3 and T4 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma treated by total laryngectomy or laryngopharyngectomy and partial or total thyroidectomy, with pathological assessment for thyroid gland invasion rates were selected. Articles published prior to 1977 were excluded due to the advent of whole organ sectioning.ResultsThe literature search identified 16 studies suitable for inclusion, with 1180 cases. The NuTH case series identified 107 patients. The overall pooled incidence of thyroid gland invasion in 1287 patients is 10.7% (95% CI 7.6–14.2). Patients with primary subglottic tumours (relative risk 7.5; 95% CI 4.3–13.0) and disease extension into the subglottis (relative risk 4.3; 95% CI 2.5–7.2) have a significantly higher relative risk of thyroid gland invasion. Radiorecurrent tumours and hypopharyngeal tumours did not have an increased risk of thyroid gland invasion.ConclusionAdvanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas involving the subglottis carry a significantly elevated risk of thyroid gland invasion compared with those that spare this subsite. The overall incidence of thyroid gland invasion is low, and therefore, thyroidectomy should be reserved for cases considered to be at risk as opposed to a being a routine measure for all total laryngectomies.
Trends in Deforestation and Forest Degradation after a Decade of Monitoring in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve in Mexico
Authors: VIDAL OMAR , LÓPEZ‐GARCÍA JOSÉ , RENDÓN‐SALINAS EDUARDO 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe used aerial photographs, satellite images, and field surveys to monitor forest cover in the core zones of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve in Mexico from 2001 to 2012. We used our data to assess the effectiveness of conservation actions that involved local, state, and federal authorities and community members (e.g., local landowners and private and civil organizations) in one of the world's most iconic protected areas. From 2001 through 2012, 1254 ha were deforested (i.e., cleared areas had <10% canopy cover), 925 ha were degraded (i.e., areas for which canopy forest decreased), and 122 ha were affected by climatic conditions. Of the total 2179 ha of affected area, 2057 ha were affected by illegal logging: 1503 ha by large‐scale logging and 554 ha by small‐scale logging. Mexican authorities effectively enforced efforts to protect the monarch reserve, particularly from 2007 to 2012. Those efforts, together with the decade‐long financial support from Mexican and international philanthropists and businesses to create local alternative‐income generation and employment, resulted in the decrease of large‐scale illegal logging from 731 ha affected in 2005–2007 to none affected in 2012, although small‐scale logging is of growing concern. However, dire regional social and economic problems remain, and they must be addressed to ensure the reserve's long‐term conservation. The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) overwintering colonies in Mexico—which engage in one of the longest known insect migrations—are threatened by deforestation, and a multistakeholder, regional, sustainable‐development strategy is needed to protect the reserve.Tendencias en la Deforestación y la Degradación de Forestal después de una Década de Monitoreo en la Reserva de la Biósfera de la Mariposa Monarca en México
Multicenter review of liver transplant for hepatitis B‐related liver disease: disparities in gender and ethnicity
Authors: Campsen Jeffrey , Zimmerman Michael , Trotter James , Hong Johnny , Freise Chris , Brown Robert S. , Cameron Andrew , Ghobrial Mark , Kam Igal , Busuttil Ronald , Saab Sammy , Holt Curtis , Emond Jean C. , Stiles Jessica B. , Lukose Thresiamma , Chang Matthew S. , Klintmalm Göran 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOrthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the preferred treatment for selected patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related liver disease. This study aimed to (i) define long‐term outcomes following OLT for HBV; (ii) to quantify the incidence of HBV recurrence (rHBV) as it relates to anti‐HBV treatment; and (iii) to determine outcomes for specific patient subgroups. We performed a retrospective chart review of 738 patients undergoing OLT between 1985 and 2010 at seven US transplant centers and divided the patients into 3 eras, 1985–1994, 1995–2004, and 2005–2010, based on hepatitis B immunoglobulin and antiviral therapies. In Era 3, female gender (p = 0.002), recurrent hepatocellular cancer (p < 0.001), and retransplantation (p = 0.01) were significantly associated with worse survival on multivariate analysis. Survival at three yr was poor for all ethnicities in Era 1, but significantly improved for all except black Americans by Era 3. Era 2 data showed a continued increase in rHBV from five to 10 yr (16.6%, 26.2%). In conclusion, while OLT outcomes have improved because of combination antiviral and immunoglobulin therapy, women and black Americans may not have realized an equal benefit. The rate of rHBV is significant even 10 yr post‐transplant with survival affected.
Birth order – a risk factor for dental trauma?
Authors: Käch Matthias , Krastl Gabriel , Zitzmann Nicola U. , Kühl Sebastian , Filippi Andreas 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundMany character traits are influenced by birth order with greatest differences between first and lastborns.AimTo investigate the influence of birth order on the risk of dental trauma.MethodsFive hundred mothers in Switzerland were interviewed personally regarding dental trauma in their children. Inclusion criteria were a family size of at least two children. Data of 1282 children were collected.ResultsThirty‐two percent of the children had sustained one or more dental trauma before the age of 16 (57% male, 43% female). In children who had sustained dental trauma twice, the gender ratio moved to 68% male and 32% female (P = 0.003). Regarding birth order, lastborns sustained more second dental traumas. Relative risk of second dental trauma was 2.1 times higher in lastborns than in firstborns (P = 0.02). Moreover, certain character traits in children are influenced by birth order. According to their mothers, lastborns were more curious, less calm and less deliberate than firstborns (P < 0.001). Second born without younger siblings were more athletic/active than firstborns (P = 0.011). Athletic/active children as well as not calm/deliberate children sustained second dental trauma more often than not athletic/active (P = 0.038) and calm/deliberate children (P < 0.001).ConclusionBirth order is a risk factor for sustaining dental trauma twice. Character traits of lastborns (curious, not calm/deliberate and aggressive) could be reasons for higher risk of dental trauma.
Shock absorption ability of mouthguard against forceful, traumatic mandibular closure
Authors: Ozawa Takamitsu , Takeda Tomotaka , Ishigami Keiichi , Narimatsu Keishiro , Hasegawa Ken , Nakajima Kazunori , Noh Kwantae 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe positive effects of wearing a mouthguard on shock absorption have been indicated in various papers. The ability of a mouthguard to protect against indirect injury, however, is not clear, and the thickness that a mouthguard would require to provide such protection remains to be determined. The primary aim of this study was to clarify the shock absorption potential of a mouthguard against forced, traumatic occlusion. The secondary objective was to compare the shock absorption ability of different thicknesses of mouthguard against this type of trauma.Materials and methodsAn artificial skull (ZA20; 3B Scientific International, Co. Ltd, Niigata, Japan) with two‐axis strain gages applied to the right buccal aspect of the mandible and the mandibular and maxillary teeth was used to measure shock absorption ability. Three different thicknesses of EVA mouthguard (1, 2, and 3 mm at the first molar) were tested.Results and conclusionsWithin the limitations of this laboratory study, the following results were obtained: the results showed that increasing the thickness of the mouthguard improved its shock absorption ability.
Sustained response to low‐dose rituximab in idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Barcellini Wilma , Zaja Francesco , Zaninoni Anna , Imperiali Francesca Guia , Di Bona Eros , Fattizzo Bruno , Consonni Dario , Cortelezzi Agostino , Zanella Alberto 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the sustained response to low‐dose (LD) rituximab in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), the ex vivo effect on anti‐RBC antibody production by mitogen‐stimulated direct antiglobulin test (MS‐DAT), and the in vitro dose effect of the drug on the production of anti‐RBC antibodies.MethodsThirty two patients, 18 warm (W) AIHA and 14 cold hemagglutinin disease (CHD), were treated with LD rituximab (100 mg fixed dose ×4 weekly infusions) along with a short course of oral prednisone. Complete clinical examination, blood counts, and hemolytic markers were performed at enrollment and at month 6, 12, 24, and 36.ResultsHematological parameters significantly improved at all time points compared to enrollment. The overall response was 90%, 100%, 100%, and 89% and the relapse‐free survival 87%, 79%, 68%, and 68% at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. Response rates were slightly better in WAIHA than in CHD, and relapse risk was greater in cold than warm forms (HR 2.1, 95% CI 0.6–7.9). Four patients were retreated (one patient twice), all achieving a response, lasting a median of 18 months (range 9–30). Treatment was well tolerated without adverse events or infections. Anti‐RBC antibody production by MS‐DAT significantly decreased over time. In vitro studies showed that rituximab effectively inhibited anti‐RBC antibody production at 50 μg/mL, 1/6 of the drug concentration after therapy with standard doses.ConclusionsThese data confirm that LD rituximab treatment is effective and induces sustained responses in AIHA, and that a lower dose of the drug is enough to down‐regulate autoantibody production.
Status epilepticus in sub‐Saharan Africa: New findings
Authors: Newton Charles R. , Kariuki Symon M. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryStatus epilepticus (SE) is common in sub‐Saharan Africa, particularly in children. Most cases in children are caused by infections, particularly malaria in endemic areas. The outcome is worse than in the West, probably because of delays in initiating treatment, and lack of skills and facilities for the management of SE. However some of the causes, for example, falciparum malaria, offer challenges in the diagnosis and the treatment of SE. Exposure to falciparum malaria increases the risk of SE. Much of the SE in Africa could be prevented by reducing the incidence of infections. The outcome could be improved through education, development of locally appropriate guidelines, and provision of appropriate facilities.
The historical evolution of, and the paradigms shifts in, the therapy of convulsive status epilepticus over the past 150 years
Authors: Shorvon Simon 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe evolution of the treatment of convulsive status epilepticus since the mid‐ nineteenth century is outlined. Therapy has been advanced not only by the use of new drugs, but also by advances in the approach to therapy. The major pharmacologic developments were the introductions of bromide, anesthetics, barbiturate, phenytoin, paraldehyde, chlormethiazole, and the benzodiazepines. Throughout this period, the emphasis of therapy was on “sedation” and anesthesia, and the development of technologies for safe anesthesia in the postwar years were an important step. Since 1970, changes to the approach to therapy have been more important than any pharmacologic advance, and it is only recently that new drugs have been introduced into the therapy of status epilepticus. We may now be on the threshold of significant new paradigm shifts.
Surgical treatment of status epilepticus: A palliative approach
Authors: Winkler Peter A. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryAlthough status epilepticus (SE) does not resemble a domain for neurosurgical indications in single occasions, a microneurosurgical procedure in patients with catastrophic epilepsy and status epilepticus should be considered as an ultimate ratio‐choice in these patients. From a personal series of >600 epilepsy surgery procedures in a period fromAugust 1, 1993 untilMarch 13, 2013, 22 patients were identified with catastrophic epilepsy and all of them with at least one episode of status epilepticus. Five of the patients had surgery under ongoing status epilepticus. Twelve patients became seizure‐free, two patients had >90% seizure reduction, seven patients >50% seizure reduction, and one patient was unchanged. No surgery‐related complications in terms of permanent morbidity were ascertained in the presented series. In the subgroup of the five patients operated in the acute phase ofSEone patient became seizure‐free (Engel class.I), one showedEngel classII, twoEngel classIII, and oneEngel classIVwith no worthwhile improvement. Patients with catastrophic epilepsy including status epilepticus can benefit from resective epilepsy surgery, even with incomplete resection of the epileptogenic lesion.
Lessons from the RAMPART study—and which is the best route of administration of benzodiazepines in status epilepticus
Authors: Silbergleit Robert , Lowenstein Daniel , Durkalski Valerie , Conwit Robin ,   on behalf of the NETT Investigators
Published: September 2013

SummaryEarly treatment of prolonged seizures with benzodiazepines given intravenously by paramedics in the prehospital setting had been shown to be associated with improved outcomes, but the comparative efficacy and safety of an intramuscular (IM) route, which is faster and consistently achievable, was previously unknown. RAMPART (the Rapid Anticonvulsant Medication Prior to Arrival Trial) was a double‐blind randomized clinical trial to determine if the efficacy of intramuscular (IM) midazolam is noninferior by a margin of 10% to that of intravenous (IV) lorazepam in patients treated by paramedics for status epilepticus (SE). In children and adults with >5 min of convulsions and who are still seizing at paramedic arrival, midazolam administered by IM autoinjector was noninferior to IV lorazepam on the primary efficacy outcome with comparable safety. Patients treated with IM midazolam were more likely to have stopped seizing at emergency department (ED) arrival, without emergency medical services (EMS) rescue therapy, and were less likely to require any hospitalization or admission to an intensive care unit. Lessons from the RAMPART study's findings and potential implications on clinical practice, on the potential role of other routes of administration, on the effect of timing of interventions, and on future clinical trials are discussed.
SGE‐102: A novel therapy for refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Reddy Kiran , Reife Ross , Cole Andrew J. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryRefractory status epilepticus (SE) has a mortality rate of up to 35%. Current treatment protocols for the treatment of SE begin with benzodiazepines and then proceed to conventional anticonvulsants. If seizures continue, SE is considered refractory (RSE) and treatment with anesthetic agents in undertaken. Twenty‐four h to 48 h after initiation of anesthesia with midazolam, pentobarbital or thiopental, or propofol, an attempt is made to wean the anesthetic. If this fails and seizures recur, SE is considered highly refractory (HRSE) and repeated attempts are undertaken. No randomized trial data are available to guide the choice of anesthetic agent in either RSE or HRSE status. Medication resistance in established SE is thought to result, in part, from internalization of synaptic γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, making them unavailable for modulation. Neurosteroids act on both synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors, which are not internalized, and are therefore hypothesized to have a role in the treatment of RSE. SGE‐102 is a neurosteroid metabolite of progesterone with demonstrated anticonvulsant properties in animal seizure models. A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled adjunctive trial of SGE will include subjects randomized at the time that initial treatment with anesthesia is initiated. Subjects will receive midazolam and either SGE‐102 or placebo. Midazolam will be tapered and discontinued between hours 24 and 48. SGE‐102 or placebo will be continued through hour 120. The primary end point will be the difference in proportion of subjects from each arm who remain seizure free through hour 120. Secondary end points will include the proportion of subjects who are seizure free at hour 168, 2 days after discontinuation of the experimental agent. The study will be powered to have a 90% chance of detecting a clinically meaningful reduction in seizure recurrence at 120 h. Comprehensive safety and pharmacokinetic data will also be obtained during the course of the trial.
Valnoctamide and sec‐butyl‐propylacetamide (SPD) for acute seizures and status epilepticus
Authors: Shekh‐Ahmad Tawfeeq , Hen Naama , McDonough John H. , Yagen Boris , Bialer Meir 
Published: September 2013

Summarysec‐Butyl‐propylacetamide (SPD) is a one‐carbon homolog of valnoctamide (VCD), a chiral constitutional isomer of valproic acid's (VPA) corresponding amide valpromide. VCD has potential as a therapy in epilepsy including status epilepticus (SE) and neuropathic pain, and is currently being developed for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Both VCD and SPD possess two stereogenic carbons in their chemical structure. SPD possesses a unique and broad‐spectrum antiseizure profile superior to that of valproic acid (VPA) and better than that of VCD. In addition SPD blocked behavioral‐ and electrographic‐SE induced by pilocarpine and soman (organophosphate nerve gas) and afforded in vivo neuroprotection that was associated with cognitive sparing. VCD has activity similar to that of SPD in pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (SE), although at higher doses. The activity of SPD and VCD against SE is superior to that of diazepam in terms of rapid onset, potency, and ability to block SE when given 20–60 min after seizure onset. When administered 20 and 40 min after SE onset, SPD (100–174 mg/kg) produced long‐lasting efficacy (e.g., 4–8 h) against soman‐induced convulsive and electrographic SE in both rats and guinea pigs. SPD activity in the pilocarpine and soman‐induced SE models when administered 20–60 min after seizure onset, differentiates SPD from benzodiazepines and all other antiepileptic drugs .
Older Adults in Multifamily Housing: Residential Satisfaction and Intention to Move
Authors: Kwon Hyun Joo , Beamish Julia O. 
Published: September 2013

This study examined the relationship between residential satisfaction and intention to move among older adults living in multifamily housing based on Morris and Winter's theory of housing adjustment. Residents age 55 years and over living in market‐rate multifamily housing were recruited from a convenience sample (n = 431). Exploratory factor analysis, t‐test, analysis of variance, and multiple regressions were employed. Results revealed that those who were (i) older, healthier, retired, had higher incomes, were owners, living in larger units within newer buildings with elevators located in a city, and paid more monthly housing costs showed higher residential satisfaction; (ii) younger, nonmarried single, and renters were more likely to intend to move; and (iii) satisfied with the unit design and the multifamily community were less likely to intend to move. Findings support the theory of housing adjustment and suggest multifamily housing can be an appealing alternative for seniors.
Phenology predicts the native and invasive range limits of common ragweed
Authors: Chapman Daniel S. , Haynes Tom , Beal Stephen , Essl Franz , Bullock James M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAccurate models for species' distributions are needed to forecast the progress and impacts of alien invasive species and assess potential range‐shifting driven by global change. Although this has traditionally been achieved through data‐driven correlative modelling, robustly extrapolating these models into novel climatic conditions is challenging. Recently, a small number of process‐based or mechanistic distribution models have been developed to complement the correlative approaches. However, tests of these models are lacking, and there are very few process‐based models for invasive species. We develop a method for estimating the range of a globally invasive species, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), from a temperature‐ and photoperiod‐driven phenology model. The model predicts the region in which ragweed can reach reproductive maturity before frost kills the adult plants in autumn. This aligns well with the poleward and high‐elevation range limits in its native North America and in invaded Europe, clearly showing that phenological constraints determine the cold range margins of the species. Importantly, this is a ‘forward’ prediction made entirely independently of the distribution data. Therefore, it allows a confident and biologically informed forecasting of further invasion and range shifting driven by climate change. For ragweed, such forecasts are extremely important as the species is a serious crop weed and its airborne pollen is a major cause of allergy and asthma in humans. Our results show that phenology can be a key determinant of species' range margins, so integrating phenology into species distribution models offers great potential for the mechanistic modelling of range dynamics.