bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triketone Derivates of Hydroxyl Phenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase (HPPD) as Potential Herbicides against Diverse Weed Flora in Maize: Efficacy, Phyto-toxicity, Soil Residual Toxicity Impact on Succeeding Sunflower
Authors: Karthikeyan R. , Priya R. Sathya , Bharathi C. , Janaki P. , Chinnusamy C. , Kandeshwari M. , Saranraj T. , Balamurugan R. 
Published: August 2024

Aim: Field experiments were conducted for two years during 2016-17 to 2017-18 to evaluate the compatibility of tembotrione 420 SC (Laudis) on maize and its residual effect on succeeding crop.
Methodology: Randomized complete block design with three replications were used. TNAU maize hybrid CO6 variety was sown with spacing of 60cm x 30cm. Seven weed control treatments were combined with various herbicide dosages followed by tembotrione (420 SC), 2,4-dimethyl amine salt (58% SL), atrazine (50% WP) and surfactant (isoxadifen-ethyl) were sprayed.
Results: POE tembotrione at 120 g a.i.ha-1 + surfactant at 1000 ml + atrazine at 500 g a.i.ha-1 applied at 2-4 leaf stage provided satisfactory control of all types of weeds (grassy weeds, broad-leaved weeds and sedges) in maize without causing any crop phyto-toxicity on maize, which led to a higher grain yield and improved profitability. It was significantly controlled the dominant grassy and broad-leaved weeds which are Setaria verticillata (L.), Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.), Panicum repens (L.), Cyperus rotundus (L.), Trianthema portulacastrum (L.) and Cleome gynandra (L.) as compared to the remaining herbicidal treatment. Laudis with different herbicide combinations had no phyto-toxicity on maize and it had no residual toxicity effect in sunflower subsequent crop.
Interpretation: Compatibility of tembotrione (420 SC) at 120 g a.i.ha-1 + surfactant at 1000 ml + atrazine (50% WP) at 500 g a.i.ha-1 at 20 and 40 DAHS can maintain the total weed density and dry weight at a reasonable level and increase the productivity of rabi maize.
An unusual long‐lived relativistic electron enhancement event excited by sequential CMEs
Authors: Yang Xiao C. , Zhu Guang W. , Zhang Xiao X. , Sun Yue Q. , Liang Jin B. , Wei Xin H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn unusual long‐lived intense relativistic electron enhancement event from July to August 2004 is examined using data from Fengyun‐1, POES, GOES, ACE, the Cluster Mission, and geomagnetic indices. During the initial 6 days of this event, the observed fluxes in the outer zone enhanced continuously, and their maximum increased from 2.1 × 102 cm−2 sr−1 s−1 to 3.5 × 104 cm−2 sr−1 s−1, the region of enhanced fluxes extended from L = 3.5–6.5 to L = 2.5–6.5, and the flux peak location shifted inward from L ~ 4.2 to L ~ 3.3. During the following 7 days, without any locational movement, the flux peak increased slowly and exceeded the prestorm fluxes by about 4 orders of magnitude. Subsequently, the decay rate of relativistic electrons is so slow that the peak remains over 104 cm−2 sr−1 s−1 for about 30 days. The drift resonance between ULF waves, which arose from high‐speed solar wind and frequent impulses of solar wind dynamic pressure, and energetic electrons injected by substorms could be an important acceleration mechanism in this event. The local acceleration by whistler mode chorus could be another mechanism contributing to this enhancement. The plasmaspheric response to the interplanetary disturbances reveals that the enhanced outer zone is divided into two portions by the plasmapause. Accordingly, the slow loss rate in the plasmasphere due to hiss primarily contributed to the long‐lived characteristic of this event. This event reveals that the outer zone population behaviors are dominated by the interplanetary variations together with the responses of geomagnetic field and plasmasphere to these variations.
Massenspektrometrie zur Quantifizierung von Wechselwirkungen zwischen Proteinen – von molekularen Chaperonen zu Membranporinen
Authors: Hopper Jonathan T. S. , Robinson Carol V. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie Struktur von Proteinen steht in engem Zusammenhang mit ihrer Funktion, wobei gefaltete Proteinstrukturen Erkennungsmotive zur Bindung von Liganden und anderen Proteinen darstellen. Die Massenspektrometrie (MS) kann Informationen auf verschiedenen Ebenen der Proteinstruktur zur Verfügung stellen, angefangen bei der primären Aminosäuresequenz bis hin zur dreidimensionalen Faltung und Wechselwirkungen innerhalb der Quartärstruktur. Da es sich bei der MS um ein Gasphasenverfahren handelt, scheint es vielleicht widersinnig, sie zur Untersuchung der Struktur und nichtkovalenten Wechselwirkungen von Proteinen in Lösung zu nutzen. Wir zeigen hier jedoch durch neue Einblicke in dynamische Netzwerke aus Wechselwirkungen, Dissoziationsmechanismen und die Kooperativität der Ligandenbindung, dass MS‐Untersuchungen über die simple Erhaltung von Proteinwechselwirkungen in der Gasphase hinausgehen können. Wir ziehen mögliche Stolpersteine bei der Dateninterpretation in Betracht und legen einen besonderen Schwerpunkt auf jüngste Untersuchungen, die quantitative Informationen über dynamische Proteinwechselwirkungen sowohl in löslichen als auch in Membran‐gebundenen Proteinanordnungen liefern.
Legieren von Nanopartikeln im begrenzten Raum: Synthese eines aktiven und stabilen PtNi‐Brennstoffzellenkatalysators
Authors: Baldizzone Claudio , Mezzavilla Stefano , Carvalho Hudson W. P. , Meier Josef Christian , Schuppert Anna K. , Heggen Marc , Galeano Carolina , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk , Schüth Ferdi , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie Effizienz von Polymerelektrolytmembran‐Brennstoffzellen hängt stark von der Funktionalität der Elektrokatalysatoren ab, d. h. deren Aktivität und Stabilität. Wir beschreiben hier die Entwicklung eines Katalysators, der die typische Aktivität nanoskaliger Pt‐Legierungen in der kathodischen Sauerstoffreduktion mit der exzellenten Stabilität eines nanostrukturierten Trägermaterials vereint. Aufgrund seiner hohen spezifischen Aktivität und großen aktiven Oberfläche zeigt der Katalysator eine ungewöhnliche massenbezogene Aktivität von 10 A mgPt−1. In beschleunigten Alterungstests behielt der Katalysator seine ursprüngliche Oberfläche und intrinsische Aktivität unter üblichen Betriebsbedingungen bei. Dieses exzellente Verhalten wird durch die raumbegrenzte Legierung der Nanopartikel in den Poren des Trägermaterials erreicht.
Schnelle Autoxidation bildet hochoxidierte RO2‐Radikale in der Atmosphäre
Authors: Jokinen Tuija , Sipilä Mikko , Richters Stefanie , Kerminen Veli‐Matti , Paasonen Pauli , Stratmann Frank , Worsnop Douglas , Kulmala Markku , Ehn Mikael , Herrmann Hartmut , Berndt Torsten 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAuf welchen Wegen biogene Emissionen (vor allem Isopren und Monoterpene) in der Gasphase der Atmosphäre oxidiert werden, ist Gegenstand intensiver Forschung. Besonderes Interesse gilt hierbei der Bildung von Aerosolbestandteilen. Diese Laborstudie zeigt, dass die häufigsten Monoterpene (Limonen und α‐Pinen) nach dem Angriff von O3 oder OH‐Radikalen innerhalb von Sekunden hochoxidierte RO2‐Radikale mit bis zu 12 O‐Atomen und zugehörige geschlossenschalige Endprodukte bilden. Der Gesamtprozess, intramolekulare ROO→QOOH‐Reaktion mit anschließender O2‐Addition und Bildung eines neuen R′OO‐Radikals, ähnelt den bekannten Autoxidationsprozessen in flüssiger Phase (QOOH steht für ein Hydroperoxyalkyl‐Radikal). Feldmessungen belegen die Bedeutung des Prozesses für die Atmosphärenchemie. Somit ist das Prinzip der Autoxidation auf die Gasphasenoxidation von Kohlenwasserstoffen in der Atmosphäre anwendbar; sie liefert extrem schwerflüchtige Produkte, die zur organischen Aerosolmasse beitragen und dadurch das Aerosol‐Wolken‐Klimasystem beeinflussen.
Axially Chiral BODIPY DYEmers: An Apparent Exception to the Exciton Chirality Rule
Authors: Bruhn Torsten , Pescitelli Gennaro , Jurinovich Sandro , Schaumlöffel Anu , Witterauf Franziska , Ahrens Johannes , Bröring Martin , Bringmann Gerhard 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe exciton chirality method (ECM) is commonly recognized as one of the best approaches to assign the absolute configuration of biaryls. This paper reports the first exception to this method for a simple biaryl system. ECD and VCD measurements in combination with DFT (B3LYP/6‐311G*), TDDFT (CAM‐B3LYP/6‐311G*), and Coupled‐Cluster (RI‐SCS‐CC2) calculations were used to determine the absolute configurations of axially chiral BODIPY DYEmers. The ECM fails to predict the sign of the intense CD couplet at 500 nm of the 1,1′‐coupled dimer. The odd behavior was rationalized by considering the strong transition magnetic dipole associated with the 500 nm transition, which leads to an unexpected dominance of the μm coupling at the expense of the μμ one in these compounds. This is the first case in which a strong μm coupling hampers the use of the ECM, but this behavior should not be restricted to the BODIPY chromophore.
Probing the interactions between carboxylated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and copper–zinc superoxide dismutase at a molecular level
Authors: Guan Jin , Liu Guiliang , Cai Kai , Gao Canzhu , Liu Rutao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn order to evaluate the toxicity of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs‐COOH) at a molecular level, the effect of MWCNTs‐COOH on antioxidant enzyme copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, UV/vis absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). By deducting the inner filter effect (IFE), the fluorescence emission spectra and synchronous fluorescence spectra indicated that there were interactions between MWCNTs‐COOH and Cu/ZnSOD. Moreover, the microenvironment of the amino acid residues in the enzyme was changed slightly. The UV/vis absorption and CD spectroscopic results showed appreciable conformational changes in Cu/ZnSOD. However, the results of a Cu/ZnSOD activity determination did not show any significant difference. In other words, MWCNTs‐COOH has no significant effect on enzyme activity. The ITC results showed that the binding of MWCNTs‐COOH to Cu/ZnSOD was a weak endothermic process, indicating that the predominant force of the binding was hydrophobic interaction. Moreover, it was essential to consider the IFE in fluorescence assays, which might affect the accuracy and precision of the results. The above results are helpful in evaluating the oxidative stress induced by MWCNTs‐COOH in vivo. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone mineralization is regulated by signaling cross talk between molecular factors of local and systemic origin: The role of fibroblast growth factor 23
Authors: Sapir‐Koren Rony , Livshits Gregory 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBody phosphate homeostasis is regulated by a hormonal counter‐balanced intestine‐bone‐kidney axis. The major systemic hormones involved in this axis are parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin‐D, and fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF23). FGF23, produced almost exclusively by the osteocytes, is a phosphaturic hormone that plays a major role in regulation of the bone remodeling process. Remodeling composite components, bone mineralization and resorption cycles create a continuous influx‐efflux loop of the inorganic phosphate (Pi) through the skeleton. This “bone Pi loop,” which is formed, is controlled by local and systemic factors according to phosphate homeostasis demands. Although FGF23 systemic actions in the kidney, and for the production of PTH and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin‐D are well established, its direct involvement in bone metabolism is currently poorly understood. This review presents the latest available evidence suggesting two aspects of FGF23 bone local activity: (a) Regulation of FGF23 production by both local and systemic factors. The suggested local factors include extracellular levels of Pi and pyrophosphate (PPi), (the Pi/PPi ratio), and another osteocyte‐derived protein, sclerostin. In addition, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin‐D, synthesized locally by bone cells, may contribute to regulation of FGF23 production. The systemic control is achieved via PTH and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin‐D endocrine functions. (b) FGF23 acts as a local agent, directly affecting bone mineralization. We support the assumption that under balanced physiological conditions, sclerostin, by para‐ autocrine signaling, upregulates FGF23 production by the osteocyte. FGF23, in turn, acts as a mineralization inhibitor, by stimulating the generation of the major mineralization antagonist—PPi. © 2014 BioFactors, 40(6):555–568, 2014
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition, cell growth, and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension
Authors: Giles Thomas D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLeft ventricular hypertrophy is now recognized as an important risk marker in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Left ventricular hypertrophy is an integral component of the complex pathophysiology of primary hypertension and results from mechanical, neurohumoral, and genetic factors. The renin‐angiotensin system is involved with the production of left ventricular hypertrophy, not only through the effects on systemic arterial blood pressure but also by both direct and indirect effects on myocardial cell growth. The angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are effective drugs for reducing blood pressure in primary hypertension. ACE inhibitor therapy is also associated with regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and restoration of normal diastolic and systolic left ventricular function. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with improved prognosis. Thus, when left ventricular hypertrophy regression is a goal of antihypertensive treatment, the ACE inhibitors are effective drugs.
The use of benazepril in hypertensive patients age 55 and over
Authors: Smith Mcfate W. , Gomez Hector J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBenazepril, a newer angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, has been evaluated for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension in patients 55 years of age and older. The results of the clinical trials conducted to date indicate that benazepril provides effective antihypertensive therapy in this population, with efficacy comparable to that demonstrated in younger patients. Benazepril does not produce precipitous decreases in diastolic blood pressure following the initial dose, and is well tolerated by the elderly. It has a safety profile similar to that of placebo and generally better than that of hydrochlorothiazide.
Prins–Arylthiolation Reaction on Terpenoids: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 4‐Arylthiooctahydro‐2H‐chromenes
Authors: Sarmah Barnali , Baishya Gakul , Baruah Rajani K. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract(–)‐Isopulegol undergoes Prins‐arylthiolation with different aldehydes and cyclohexanone in the presence of HBF4·OEt2 to generate a library of 4‐arylthiooctahydro‐2H‐chromene derivatives in good to excellent yields with moderate to high cis selectivity at ambient temperature in dichloromethane. Readily available HBF4·OEt2 as a catalyst outshines CF3CO2H, which is generally used in excess amounts in Prins cyclization and domino Prins‐arylthiolation reactions.
Study of water‐mist behaviour in hot air induced by a room fire: Model development, validation and verification
Authors: Mahmud H. M. Iqbal , Moinuddin Khalid A. M. , Thorpe Graham R. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryWater‐mists are emerging as an effective agent for the suppression of fires. However, the mechanisms of suppression are complex and the behaviour of individual water droplets in a smoke layer generated by fires must be quantified. This study investigates the behaviour of individual droplets injected from a nozzle into a hot air environment induced by a room fire. A semi‐empirical model has been developed based on the conservation of mass, momentum and energy to evaluate the heat and mass transfer phenomena in an air‐water droplet system. The model has considered the effect of change of momentum of an evaporating droplet. A forward finite difference approach is applied to solve the governing time dependent ordinary differential equations. The droplets are considered to be ‘lumped mass’ and variable thermo‐physical properties of water and air and the change of Reynolds number of the droplets, due to the change of their diameter and velocity are considered. The effect of high evaporation rate on the mass and heat transfer coefficient and the contribution of radiation emanating by a flame and the surrounding boundary walls are also considered in the model which were not taken into account in the previous studies. Experimental data on terminal velocity and adiabatic saturation temperature are used to validate and verify the model. The validation and verification indicate that the proposed model predicted the terminal velocity within 4% of the experimental data and predicted the saturation temperature within 5% of the adiabatic saturation temperature. This semi‐empirical model is also used as a tool to validate a more comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based tool, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). It is found that FDS results agree well with the results of the proposed model. Furthermore, the proposed model can be used to evaluate the temperature, velocity, diameter and other physical properties of a droplet travelling through a layer of hot air. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microjet‐Initiated Nano‐Gaseous Layer Pinch‐Off from the Surface of a Bubble and Subsequent Breakup
Authors: Xiong Sha , Chin Lip Ket , Tandiono T. , Liu Ai‐Qun , Ohl Claus‐Dieter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the first observation and study of the pinch‐off and breakup of nano‐gaseous layers from the surface of an accelerated bubble by a microjet. The microjet is generated by the interaction between two bubbles in a microfluidic channel. Femtoliter‐sized bubbles are developed from the breakup of the nano‐gaseous layers due to hydrodynamic instability. The dynamics of this whole process were demonstrated experimentally and studied theoretically. The ability to control the pinch‐off and breakup of a thin layer, especially in micro/nanofluidic systems, offers an opportunity to conduct precise manipulation on nanoscale materials for a wide range of cell biological applications.
Impacts of the feed contaminant deoxynivalenol on the intestine of monogastric animals: poultry and swine
Authors: Ghareeb Khaled , Awad Wageha A. , Böhm Josef , Zebeli Qendrim 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDeoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent cereal contaminants with major public health concerns owing to its high toxigenic potentials. Once ingested, DON first and foremost targets epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, whose proper functioning, as the first line of defence, is of paramount importance for the host's health. Emerging evidences, summarized in this article, suggest that DON produces its toxicity primarily via activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling pathway and alteration in the expression of genes responsible for key physiological and immunological functions of the intestinal tissue of chickens and pigs. The activation of MAPKs signalling cascade results in disruption of the gut barrier function and an increase in the permeability by reducing expression of the tight junction proteins. Exposure to DON also down‐regulates the expression of multiple transporter systems in the enterocytes with subsequent impairment of the absorption of key nutrients. Other major intestinal cytotoxic effects of DON described herein are modulation of mucosal immune responses, leading to immunosupression or stimulation of local immune cells and cytokine release, and also facilitation of the persistence of intestinal pathogens in the gut. Both of the last events potentiate enteric infections and local inflammation in pigs and poultry, rendering enterocytes and the host more vulnerable to luminal toxic compounds. This review highlights the cytotoxic risks associated with the intake of even low levels of DON and also identifies gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed by future research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removal of arsenic from drinking water by photo‐catalytic oxidation on MoOx/TiO2 and adsorption on γ‐Al2O3
Authors: Iervolino Giuseppina , Vaiano Vincenzo , Rizzo Luigi , Sarno Giuseppe , Farina Anna , Sannino Diana 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDA typical approach for removing As from drinking water includes a pre‐oxidation step to transform the more toxic As(III) to As(V) and a subsequent separation process for As(V) removal. Unfortunately, typical oxidants result in the formation of toxic oxidation by‐products, so alternative options, such as TiO2 photocatalysis, have been investigated. But As(V) produced by oxidation of As (III) remains adsorbed on the catalyst surface, thus limiting process efficiency. In this work a new catalyst based on molybdenum oxide supported on titania (MoOx/TiO2) was investigated to overcome this drawback.RESULTSThe complete photocatalytic oxidation of As(III) (5 mg L−1) to As(V) took place after 120 min exposure to UV‐A light. Moreover, the removal of As(V) by adsorption treatment downstream of the photocatalytic process was more effective (90% by γ‐Al2O3 after 10 min) compared with the combined photocatalysis–adsorption process. Finally, the experimental set‐up with UV LED irradiation was found to be more effective (96% As(III) converted) than the UV‐A light system (75% As(III) converted).CONCLUSIONPhotocatalytst did not adsorb As(V) which was completely released into the solution, thus preserving its surface activity and, consequently, drastically reducing operating costs related to catalyst reactivation. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Guiding intramuscular diaphragm injections using real‐time ultrasound and electromyography
Authors: Sarwal Aarti , Cartwright Michael S. , Mitchell Erin , Williams Koudy , Walker Francis O. , Childers Martin K. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We describe a unique method that combines ultrasound and electromyography to guide intramuscular diaphragm injections in anesthetized large animals. Methods: Ultrasound was used to visualize the diaphragm on each side of spontaneously breathing, anesthetized beagle dogs and cynomolgus macaques. An electromyography (EMG) needle was introduced and directed by ultrasound to confirm that the needle entered the muscular portion of the diaphragm, and methylene blue was injected. Injection accuracy was confirmed upon necropsy by tracking the spread of methylene blue. Results: All methylene blue injections were confirmed to have been placed appropriately into the diaphragm. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility and accuracy of using ultrasound and EMG to guide injections and to reduce complications associated with conventional blind techniques. Ultrasound guidance can be used for clinical EMG of the diaphragm. Future applications may include targeted diaphragm injections with gene replacement therapy in neuromuscular diseases. Muscle Nerve 51: 287–289, 2015