bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ozone and Ozone/Fenton in the Advanced Oxidation Process on Biodegradable Characteristics of Semi‐aerobic Stabilized Leachate
Authors: Amr Salem S. Abu , Aziz Hamidi Abdul , Adlan Mohd Nordin , Aziz Shuokr Qarani 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of O3 and O3/H2O2/Fe2+ in the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on the biodegradable and soluble characteristics of semi‐aerobic stabilized solid waste leachate. The biodegradability (BOD5/chemical oxygen demand, COD) ratio improved from 0.034 to 0.05 and 0.1 following O3 and O3/H2O2/Fe2+, respectively. Fractions of biodegradable COD(bi) (24%), non‐biodegradable COD(ubi) (76%), soluble COD(s) (59%), biodegradable soluble COD(bsi) (38%), non‐biodegradable soluble COD(ubsi) (62%), and particulate COD (PCOD) (41%) in stabilized leachate were also investigated. The fraction of COD(bi) increased to 28 and 36% after applying O3 and O3/AOPs, respectively. COD(S) increased to 59% after O3 and to 72% after O3/AOPs, whereas COD(bsi) increased to 38 and 51% after O3 and O3/AOPs, respectively. The removal efficiency of COD(S) was obtained at 5% after O3 alone and improved to 51% following ozone‐based AOPs, whereas the removal efficiency of PCOD improved from 25% after O3 to 71% after ozone‐based AOPs.
Effect of Runoff Dynamic on Sediment and Nitrogen Losses in an Agricultural Watershed of the Southern Shaanxi Region, China
Authors: Liu Quan , Li Zhanbin , Li Peng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe southern Shaanxi region will become a water source area of the middle route of the South‐to‐North Water Diversion Project after 2014. However, there is little knowledge of water quality conditions in the region. Therefore, 12 rainfall events were monitored to investigate the effect of runoff dynamics on sediment and nitrogen (N) losses during the 2011 rainy season in the Hougou agricultural watershed. The results showed that at the seedling stage (SS), most of the rainfall contributed to an increase in the soil water content, both runoff and sediment yield were small, and there was a significant linear correlation between runoff and sediment yield (r = 0.957, p < 0.01). Despite an increase in vegetation coverage at the vigorous stage (VS), both runoff and sediment yield clearly increased with increasing rainfall, and there was a significant power function relationship between runoff and sediment yield (r = 0.922, p < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant linear correlation between runoff and sediment yield (r = 0.981, p < 0.01) at the harvest stage (HS). The best fit equations among N losses (N) and runoff (R), sediment yield (S) is N = aRbSc, and the method proposed was available to reduce relative error for calculation of N losses during the 2011 rainy season.
Prisoner's dilemma game on adaptive networks under limited foresight
Authors: Xie Fengjie , Cui Wentian , Lin Jun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe study the emergence of cooperation in an environment where players in prisoner's dilemma game (PDG) not only update their strategies but also change their interaction relations. Different from previous studies in which players update their strategies according to the imitation rule, in this article, the strategies are updated with limited foresight. We find that two absorbing states—full cooperation and full defection—can be reached, assuming that players can delete interaction relations unilaterally, but new relations can only be created with the mutual consent of both partners. Simulation experiments show that high levels of cooperation in large populations can be achieved when the temptation to defect in PDG is low. Moreover, we explore the factors which influence the level of cooperation. These results provide new insights into the cooperation in social dilemma and into corresponding control strategies. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2012
Statistical classification of multivariate flow cytometry data analyzed by manual gating: Stem, progenitor, and epithelial marker expression in nonsmall cell lung cancer and normal lung
Authors: Normolle Daniel P. , Donnenberg Vera S. , Donnenberg Albert D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe use of supervised classification to extract markers from primary flow cytometry data is an emerging field that has made significant progress, spurred by the growing complexity of multidimensional flow cytometry. Whether the markers are extracted without supervision or by conventional gate and region methods, the number of candidate variables identified is typically larger than the number of specimens (p > n) and many variables are highly intercorrelated. Thus, comparison across groups or treatments to determine which markers are significant is challenging. Here, we utilized a data set in which 86 variables were created by conventional manual analysis of individual listmode data files, and compared the application of five multivariate classification methods to discern subtle differences between the stem/progenitor content of 35 nonsmall cell lung cancer and adjacent normal lung specimens. The methods compared include elastic‐net, lasso, random forest, diagonal linear discriminant analysis, and best single variable (best‐1). We described a broadly applicable methodology consisting of: 1) variable transformation and standardization; 2) visualization and assessment of correlation between variables; 3) selection of significant variables and modeling; and 4) characterization of the quality and stability of the model. The analysis yielded both validating results (tumors are aneuploid and have higher light scatter properties than normal lung), as well as leads that require followup: Cytokeratin+ CD133+ progenitors are present in normal lung but reduced in lung cancer; diploid (or pseudo‐diploid) CD117+CD44+ cells are more prevalent in tumor. We anticipate that the methods described here will be broadly applicable to a variety of multidimensional cytometry problems. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Zweischalige Außenwände: Kommentar zur DIN 18195 Beiblatt 1
Authors: Altaha Nasser 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDer Beitrag befasst sich mit den in DIN 18195 Beiblatt 1, März 2011, dargestellten Wandskizzen zur Sockelabdichtung von zweischaligem Verblendmauerwerk. Die Anforderungen zur “Entwässerung“ von zweischaligem Mauerwerk sowohl in DIN 18195 Teil 4 und Teil 9 als auch in DIN 18195 Beiblatt 1 basieren ausschließlich auf den Bestimmungen in der Mauerwerksnorm DIN 1053‐1. Die Anforderungen in DIN 1053‐1 zur “Entwässerung“ von zweischaligem Verblendmauerwerk entsprechen jedoch nicht dem bewährten Prinzip dieser Bauweise und wurden daher nicht in die neue deutsche Mauerwerksnorm DIN EN 1996‐2/NA übernommen. Vor diesem Hintergrund bedürfen die zum Thema “Entwässerung“ formulierten Anforderungen in den Abdichtungsnormen DIN 18195‐4, DIN 18195‐9 und DIN 18195 Beiblatt 1 ebenfalls einer Korrektur und Anpassung an den aktuellen Stand der Technik.Double faced brickwork (cavity brick construction): Comment on the DIN 18195 Supplement 1. The article deals with wall drawings for socket proofing of double facing brickwork that are illustrated in the DIN 18195 Supplement 1, March 2011. The requirements for the “drainage” of double‐wall masonry written down in the DIN 18195 part 4 and part 9 as well as in the supplement 1 to the DIN 18195 are based on the regulations from the masonry standard DIN 1053‐1. The requirements for “dewatering“ of two shells brickwork in the DIN 1053‐1 do not correspond to the proven principle of this building method and are therefore no longer available in the new German masonry standard DIN EN 1996‐2/NA. Against this background, the requirements on “dewatering“ expressed in the DIN 18195‐4, DIN 18195‐9 and DIN 18195 Supplement 1 also need to be corrected and adapted to the current state of the art.
Plasmodium berghei sporozoite challenge of vaccinated BALB/c mice leads to the induction of humoral immunity and improved function of CD8+ memory T cells
Authors: Tartz Susanne , Deschermeier Christina , Retzlaff Silke , Heussler Volker , Sebo Peter , Fleischer Bernhard , Jacobs Thomas 
Published: December 2012

Protection against malaria can be achieved by induction of a strong CD8+ T‐cell response against the Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (CSP), but most subunit vaccines suffer from insufficient memory responses. In the present study, we analyzed the impact of postimmunization sporozoite challenge on the development of long‐lasting immunity. BALB/c mice were immunized by a heterologous prime/boost regimen against Plasmodium berghei CSP that induces a strong CD8+ T‐cell response and sterile protection, which is short‐lived. Here, we show that protective immunity is prolonged by a sporozoite challenge after immunization. Repeated challenges induced sporozoite‐specific antibodies that showed protective capacity. The numbers of CSP‐specific CD8+ T cells were not substantially enhanced by sporozoite infections; however, CSP‐specific memory CD8+ T cells of challenged mice displayed a higher cytotoxic activity than memory T cells of immunized‐only mice. CD4+ T cells contributed to protection as well; but CD8+ memory T cells were found to be the central mediator of sterile protection. Based on these data, we suggest that prolonged protective immunity observed after immunization and infection is composed of different antiparasitic mechanisms including CD8+ effector‐memory T cells with increased cytotoxic activity as well as CD4+ memory T cells and neutralizing antibodies.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Soluble Vanadium‐Containing Keggin Polyoxoniobate by ESI‐MS and 51V NMR: (TMA)9[V3Nb12O42]·18H2O
Authors: Son Jung‐Ho , Ohlin C. André , Larson Emma C. , Yu Ping , Casey William H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe vanadium‐containing heteropolyoxoniobate (TMA)9[V3Nb12O42]·18H2O was synthesised by hydrothermal reaction of V2O5 and hydrous niobium oxide in tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution. The cluster has an α‐Keggin structure with a central VO4 and two trans‐bicapped VO5. The water‐soluble product was characterised by X‐ray crystallography, ESI‐MS and both liquid‐ and solid‐state 51V NMR spectroscopy. The solid‐ and solution‐phase 51V NMR spectra indicate two major peaks corresponding to one VO4 and two VO5 sites.
Polyoxometalates as Versatile Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: Stephan Holger , Kubeil Manja , Emmerling Franziska , Müller Christa E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs) are inorganic cluster compounds that have been shown to possess a number of pharmacological properties, including antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antiviral and anticancer activities. Their molecular mechanism of action is largely unknown. However, several studies indicate that many of their activities may be due to the inhibition of enzymes, in particular, of those enzymes that are accessible from the extracellular space and do not require the penetration of cell membranes. In this review, we describe the recent progress in the preparation and optimization of POMs, and an evaluation of their use as inhibitors of different families of enzymes. The next important steps in this area of research will be to gain a better understanding of the interactions of POMs with enzymes on a structural level through an X‐ray crystallographic study of enzyme–POM complexes and the analysis of structure–activity relationships. Furthermore, POMs with increased stability and in vivo half‐lives have to be prepared. Surface modification may allow the targeting of POM drugs at their sites of action.
BF2OBn·OEt2: A Lewis Acid, Its Use in a Regio‐ and Stereoselective Opening of Trisubstituted Epoxides, and Its Application towards Amphidinolide C and F
Authors: Morra Nicholas A. , Pagenkopf Brian L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe generation of a new Lewis acid (BF2OBn·OEt2) has been reported, and its usefulness has been demonstrated in the regio‐ and stereoselective ring‐opening of trisubstituted epoxides. This Lewis acid is one in a series of new Lewis acids generated from BF3·OEt2 that display varying levels of Lewis acidity. When paired with a modified Shi epoxidation protocol, highly functionalized propionate units, such as those found in a wide variety of natural products, can be accessed. In conjunction with a Mukaiyama oxidative cyclization employing our second generation catalyst Co(nmp)2, this procedure ultimately culminated in the shortest and highest yielding route towards the methyl‐substituted trans‐tetrahydrofuran (trans‐THF) fragment present in amphidinolide C, C2, and F.
Doing it Twice: Asymmetric Deprotonation/Alkylation of Weiss Diketone Derivatives as Key Steps in the Functionalization of Bicyclo[3.3.0]octanes
Authors: Lutz Vanessa , Park Natja , Rothe Christian , Krüger Claudia , Baro Angelika , Laschat Sabine 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe silyl‐protected allylhydropentalenone derivative 9, derived from the Weiss diketone, was functionalized by enantioselective deprotonation in the presence of lithium bis(1‐phenylethyl)amide/LiCl as the chiral base, which was generated in situ from bis(1‐phenylethyl)ammonium chloride [(R,R)‐ or (S,S)‐14] and BuLi, and trapping of the resulting enolate with alkyl halide electrophiles to give pseudo‐C2 or ‐Cs‐symmetrical bicyclo[3.3.0]octanones 10 and 11. The influence of the chiral base and electrophiles on the regioselectivity and double stereodifferentiation was investigated. Taking the double stereocontrol into account, a matched selectivity for the pseudo‐C2 pair (1R,4R)‐10/(1S,4R)‐10 and a mismatched selectivity for the pseudo‐Cs pair (1S,6R)‐11/(1R,6R)‐11 were observed in the presence of (R,R)‐14. The use of (S,S)‐14, however, produced a mismatched selectivity for (1R,4R)‐10/(1S,4R)‐10 and a matched selectivity for (1S,6R)‐11/(1R,6R)‐11 with complementary diastereoselectivity depending on the electrophile. Furthermore, the hydropentalenone derivative 10a provided an alternative route to the bicyclo[3.3.0]octene core of the macrocyclic tetramic acid lactam, cylindramide (5).
A Six‐year Prospective Study on Children of Mothers with Eating Disorders: The Role of Paternal Psychological Profiles
Authors: Cimino Silvia , Cerniglia Luca , Paciello Marinella , Sinesi Stefania 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that maternal eating disorders (EDs) represent a significant risk factor for children's affective and behavioral development. Yet, little emphasis has been placed on the paternal role.ObjectivesThe present longitudinal study aimed to clarify the role of maternal EDs and the influence of paternal psychological profiles on children's emotional development.MethodOur sample was composed of N = 64 families with firstborn children selected through preschools, primary schools, and outpatient clinics in central Italy. Parents and children participated in a 6‐year longitudinal protocol that included a diagnostic interview conducted by clinicians (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I Disorders [SCID‐I]), a self‐report (Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised [SCL‐90‐R]), and a parental report‐form questionnaire (Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]).ResultsThe influence of mothers’ EDs on their children's emotional development was confirmed. Moreover, fathers’ anxiety and obsessive‐compulsive problems in association with mothers’ EDs and depressive symptoms influenced the onset of both internalizing and externalizing difficulties in their children over time.ConclusionOur results suggest that fathers’ psychopathological risk affects the development of emotional problems in children with mothers who have EDs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of New Highly Conjugated Bispyrylium Compounds
Authors: Gong Wei‐Tao , Qian Xiao‐min , Wang Fu‐Rui , Lin Yuan , Ning Gui‐Ling 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTNew highly conjugated bispyryliums were synthesized by the Knoevenagel reaction between α‐CH3 pyrylium and aromatic dicarboxaldehydes. Their photophysical properties were fully investigated. The results showed that they exhibited a tunable fluorescence emission colors ranging from green to red in solution by changing the properties of connecting π bridges. The experimental results were also supported by theoretical calculations. In addition, their fluorescence emission in solid state was also investigated preliminarily. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 24:66–71, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21064
IS THERE A MEDICAID PENALTY? THE EFFECT OF HOSPITALS' MEDICAID POPULATION ON THEIR PRIVATE PAYER MARKET SHARE
Authors: Sfekas Andrew 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThis study examines whether privately insured patients avoid hospitals with large Medicaid populations. I use a conditional logit model of hospital choice to determine whether the size of a hospital's Medicaid population affects the probability that a privately insured patient will choose that hospital. I focus on the metropolitan area of Tampa, Florida, in the years 1994–1996. I control for hospital fixed effects, hospital‐specific time trends, patients' driving time to the hospital, and interactions between patient and hospital characteristics. I also instrument for the Medicaid population using the predicted Medicaid population. The results show that privately insured patients are less likely to choose a hospital if it served a larger number of Medicaid patients who were admitted through the emergency department in the previous 6 months. The effect persists over time—an additional 6‐month lag cuts the effect in half. Capacity constraints do not seem to be the reason for the effect. I show that the Medicaid effect size could have a moderate effect on the profits of some hospitals. Although limited in scope, this study suggests that hospitals may experience a negative effect on their private revenues when they admit a large population of Medicaid patients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Present Understanding of Colloidal Quantum Dot Blinking
Authors: Schwartz Osip , Oron Dan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLuminescence intermittency, also termed ‘blinking’, refers to spontaneous changes in the brightness of a luminescent fluorophore under continuous optical excitation. Blinking was first observed in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals over fifteen years ago, shortly after synthetic protocols became advanced enough to produce brightly luminescent nanocrystals. The underlying physical mechanism was initially associated with long‐lived photo‐induced charging of the nanocrystals. In recent years, however, significant evidence has accumulated to point at a more complex physical picture of the process, which involves several distinct mechanisms and is mediated by surface charge trapping. In parallel, efforts to synthesize highly luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals that do not exhibit blinking have recently borne fruit. We review the recent progress in understanding of blinking and potential applications in bioimaging using inorganic fluorescent tags.
The Influence of Alloy Composition on the Electronic Properties of IV–VI Core/Shell Colloidal Heterostructures
Authors: Lifshitz Efrat , Vaxenburg Roman , Maikov Georgy I. , Rubin‐Brusilovski Anna , Yanover Diana , Tilchin Jenya , Sashchiuk Aldona 
Published: December 2012

AbstractConsidering the significant potential of IV–VI colloidal nanostructures in various technologies, this review describes the development and characterization of unique IV–VI derivatives, consisting of core/shell heterostructures, when either the core or the shell (or both) has an alloy composition with the chemical formula PbSexS1−x/PbSeyS1−y (0≤x(y)≤1). We describe the synthetic procedures and a thorough investigation of the optical properties of the discussed materials. The experimental evidence is supported by suitable electronic band structure calculations. The special properties are expressed as fine tunability of the electronic properties, chemical and temperature stability, variation of electronphonon interactions, emission Stokes shifts and lifetimes, upon the variation of the composition and/or architecture of the heterostructures. The properties obtained are of significant importance in opto‐electronic applications.
Maternal Responsiveness, Intrusiveness, and Negativity During Play with Infants: Contextual Associations and Infant Cognitive Status in A Low‐Income Sample
Authors: McFadden Karen E. , Tamis‐Lemonda Catherine S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMaternal parenting behaviors during a mother–infant play interaction were examined in a sample of 160 low‐income mothers and their 15‐month‐old infants. Maternal responsive/didactic, intrusive, and negative behaviors were coded from videotapes and examined in relation to mothers’ age, marital status, stressful life events, and depressive symptoms, and infants’ cognitive scores at 15 and 25 months. Younger maternal age and increases in stressful life events were associated with increases in mothers’ negative behaviors whereas being married was positively associated with mothers’ responsive/didactic behaviors and inversely associated with their negative and intrusive behaviors. Mothers’ depressive symptoms were inversely associated with both responsive/didactic and intrusive behaviors and predicted lower cognitive scores in infants at 15 months, but not 25 months. Maternal responsive/didactic behaviors predicted infant cognitive scores at both ages after controlling for maternal characteristics and other parenting behaviors. Intrusiveness moderated associations between both responsive/didactic and negative parenting behaviors and infant 25‐month cognition. Maternal age, marital status, psychological resources, and contextual sources of stress play a central role in the quality of parenting among low‐income mothers, and positive mother–infant interactions are strong predictors of infants’ early cognitive status.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based profiling of serum fatty acids in acetaminophen‐induced liver injured rats
Authors: Xiong Yin‐Hua , Xu Ying , Yang Li , Wang Zheng‐Tao 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study, we have developed and validated a simple, accurate and sensitive gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) method for simultaneous quantification of 18 fatty acids in rat serum, including both non‐esterified (NEFA) and esterified (EFA) fatty acids, and subsequent analysis of fatty acid metabolic profiles. This novel method was used to evaluate the serum levels of fatty acids from vehicle‐ and acetaminophen (APAP)‐treated rats. Serum levels of 7 NEFAs and 14 EFAs were significantly higher in APAP‐treated rats 24 h after APAP administration at 1500 mg kg–1 when compared with vehicle‐treated controls. Control and APAP‐treated rats could be differentiated based on their metabolic profiles using two different chemometric analysis methods: principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). More importantly, we identified the following NEFAs as potential biomarkers of APAP‐induced liver injury: oleic acid (C18:1n9), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and arachidonic acid (C20:4n6). The serum concentrations of C18:1n9, C18:2n6 and C22:6n3 were all positively correlated (r > 0.8; Pearson's correlation analysis) with the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). These results suggest that a novel targeted metabolomics method based on the metabolic profiling of fatty acids analyzed by GC‐MS provides exact serum concentrations of fatty acids as well as a prospective methodology to evaluate chemically induced hepatotoxicity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.