bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of chemotherapy‐associated toxicity and supportive care in US oncology practice: a nationwide prospective cohort study
Authors: Culakova Eva , Thota Ramya , Poniewierski Marek S. , Kuderer Nicole M. , Wogu Adane F. , Dale David C. , Crawford Jeffrey , Lyman Gary H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNeutropenic complications remain an important dose‐limiting toxicity of cancer chemotherapy‐associated with considerable morbidity, mortality, and cost. Risk of the initial neutropenic event is greatest during the first cycle. The purpose of this study was to better understand timing of neutropenic events in relation to delivered chemotherapy dose intensity and utilization of supportive care during cancer treatment. A prospective cohort study of adult patients with solid tumors or lymphoma initiating chemotherapy was conducted at 115 randomly selected US practice sites between 2002 and 2006. Chemotherapy‐associated toxicities were captured in up to four treatment cycles including severe neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and infection. Documented interventions included colony‐stimulating factor (CSF), antibiotics use, and reductions in chemotherapy relative dose intensity (RDI). A total of 3638 patients with breast (39.7%), lung (23.7%), colorectal (13.6%), ovarian (8.3%) cancers, or lymphoma (14.7%) were eligible for this analysis. The majority of neutropenic and infection events occurred in the first cycle. A significant inverse relationship was observed between reductions in neutropenic and infectious events and increased utilization of measures to reduce these complications in subsequent cycles. More than 60% of patients with stage IV solid tumors underwent reductions in RDI. Patients with lymphoma and stage I–III solid tumors had less dose reductions while receiving more prophylactic CSFs. Approximately, 15% of patients received prophylactic antibiotics. While the risk of neutropenic complications remains greatest during the initial cycle of chemotherapy, subsequently instituted clinical measures in efforts to reduce the risk of these events vary with cancer type and stage.
Implantation and preliminary follow‐up of the Bard Valeo stent in pulmonary artery stenosis
Authors: Kudumula Vikram , Noonan Patrick , Taliotis Demetris , Duke Christopher 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of the Bard Valeo stent in pulmonary artery stenoses.BackgroundThe premounted Valeo stent requires only 6–7 French access and can be post‐dilated to 20 mm on bench testing. Although it appears ideal for implantation in pulmonary artery stenoses in children, it has been unclear whether it has sufficient radial strength to prevent vessel recoil and stent collapse.MethodsTwelve stents were implanted in 10 patients aged 1.2–19.9 years (weight 9.9–54 kg). Implant results were assessed retrospectively.ResultsAll implants were successful with no complications. The stent tracked easily and was readily visible on fluoroscopy. The median (range) diameter of the pulmonary artery stenosis increased from 4.9 (1.8–7.4) mm to 9 (6–10.6) mm (P ≤ 0.01), the median peak to peak systolic pressure gradient across the pulmonary artery stenosis decreased from 16 (11–66) mmHg to 6 (0–10) mmHg (P ≤ 0.01), and the right ventricle to systemic blood pressure ratio fell from 0.72 (0.54–1.1) to 0.54 (0.28–0.69) (P ≤ 0.01). Median stent recoil was 5.5 (0–21)%. Jailed side branches remained patent. Nine stents were assessed fluoroscopically on 11.5 (0–30) month follow‐up. There were no stent fractures. 6 stents were not distorted, 2 had minor distortion, and 1 stent, implanted in a highly resistant lesion, had moderate distortion.ConclusionsThe Valeo stent is low profile, conformable, and easy to deliver, even in small children. It has adequate radial strength to stent pulmonary artery stenoses with minimal recoil. It maintains its geometry on medium term follow up in compliant lesions. Resistant stenoses may distort the stent. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Di‐tert‐butyl Peroxide Promoted Direct CH Arylation of Unactivated Arenes with Aryl Halides
Authors: Zhu Yi‐Wei , Yi Wen‐Bin , Qian Jin‐Long , Cai Chun 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDi‐tert‐butyl peroxide can smoothly promote the coupling of aryl halides with benzene derivatives without the aid of transition‐metal catalysts through a chain homolytic aromatic substitution mechanism in the presence of potassium tert‐butoxide.
Synthesis, Characterizations, Magnetism and Thermal Degradation of a 2‐Fold Interpenetrated 3D Cobalt‐Organic Framework
Authors: Yang Linyan , Xin Liangliang , Gu Wen , Liao Shengyun , Du Peiyao , Tian Jinlei , Zhang Yanping , Lv Rui , Wei Xiaohua , Liu Xin , Liao Daizheng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA new coordination polymer, [Co2(L)2(4,4′‐bipy)]n·3nH2O (1) based on 5‐(3‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)isophthalic acid (H2L) and 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐bipy) has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, XRPD, IR, and elemental analysis. Temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility and thermal degradation for 1 were also studied. The asymmetric unit of compound 1 consists of two crystallographically independent Co(II) ion, two L2− ligand, one 4,4′‐bipy ligand, and three lattice water molecules. The 2D triangle networks were linked by the bridging 4,4′‐bipy ligand to give rise to a 2‐fold interpenetrated 3D architecture. The simplest cyclic motif of the 2D networks is a triangle ring consisting of three Co(II) cations and three L2− ligands. So we can define Co(II) ions as 4‐connected nodes and the L2− ligands as 3‐connected nodes. Thus, the 3D structure can be described as a 2‐fold parallel interpenetrated ins InS 3,4‐conn topology.
Photo‐Induced Water Oxidation Based on a Mononuclear Cobalt(II) Complex
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Lu Yongbin , Mijangos Edgar , Thapper Anders 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPhoto‐induced water oxidation based on first row transition metal complexes has drawn much attention recently as a part of the efforts to design systems for solar fuel production. Here, the classic tetradentate ligand TPA (tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine) is used together with cobalt(II) in CH3CN to form a mononuclear cobalt complex [Co(TPA)Cl]Cl. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction shows that [Co(TPA)Cl]Cl is composed of discrete cationic units with a penta‐coordinate cobalt center, along with chloride counter ions. In borate buffer, the Co complex acts as a water oxidation catalyst, as shown by the presence of a catalytic wave in electrochemistry. Under visible light irradiation, in the presence of photosensitizer and electron acceptor, the Co complex catalyzes O2 evolution with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 1.0 mol(O2)·mol(Co)−1·s−1 and a turnover number (TON) of 55 mol(O2)·mol(Co)−1 in pH 8 borate buffer.
A 40 M–1000 MHz 77.2‐dB spurious free dynamic range CMOS RF variable gain amplifier for digital TV tuner ICs
Authors: Kwon Kuduck 
Published: February 2014

SummaryIn this paper, a 40 M–1000 MHz 77.2‐dB spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) CMOS RF variable gain amplifier (VGA) has been presented for digital TV tuner applications. The proposed RFVGA adopts a wideband operational‐amplifier‐based VGA and a wideband buffer with differential multiple gated transistor linearization method for wideband operation and high linearity. The SFDR of the proposed RFVGA is also analyzed in detail. Fabricated in a 0.13‐µm CMOS process, the RFVGA provides 31‐dB gain range with 1‐dB gain step, a minimum noise figure of 7.5 dB at a maximum gain of 27 dB, and maximum in‐band output‐referred third‐order intercept point of 27.7 dBm, while drawing an average current of 27.8 mA with a supply voltage of 3.3 V. The chip core area is 0.54 mm × 0.4 mm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative Relay‐Aware Spectrum leasing based on Nash bargaining solution in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Ma Kai , Yang Jie , Hu Guoqiang , Guan Xinping 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis paper proposes a spectrum leasing strategy based on cooperative relaying for cognitive radio networks. The basic idea is to make the primary user lease a fraction of the licensed spectrum to the secondary user, which acts as a relay for the primary user in return. We formulate the spectrum leasing problem as a Nash bargaining game to avoid the ineffective solution obtained by Stackelberg game. The cooperative condition and the optimal time allocation can be obtained by solving the game. Numerical results demonstrate that both the primary user and the secondary user can obtain larger profits from the spectrum leasing based on Nash bargaining solution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal epidemic broadcasting for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Tian Daxin , Zhou Jianshan , Wang Yunpeng , Xia Haiying , Yi Zhenguo , Liu He 
Published: February 2014

SummaryDynamic nature of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) creates great challenges for message dissemination. To satisfy the high reliability and low delivery latency requirements for safety applications in VANETs, a dynamic epidemic broadcasting model is presented in this paper. On the basis of the ordinary differential equations, the proposed optimal control scheme is analyzed to understand the epidemic broadcasting properties, which include the message delivery probability, the expected delivery latency, and the number of copies. The correctness of the theoretical analyses is confirmed by simulations, and the experiment results prove the efficiency of the optimal epidemic broadcasting model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sea urchin neural development and the metazoan paradigm of neurogenesis
Authors: Burke Robert D. , Moller Daniel J. , Krupke Oliver A. , Taylor Valerie J. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryUrchin embryos continue to prove useful as a means of studying embryonic signaling and gene regulatory networks, which together control early development. Recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the patterning of ectoderm has renewed interest in urchin neurogenesis. We have employed an emerging model of neurogenesis that appears to be broadly shared by metazoans as a framework for this review. We use the model to provide context and summarize what is known about neurogenesis in urchin embryos. We review morphological features of the differentiation phase of neurogenesis and summarize current understanding of neural specification and regulation of proneural networks. Delta‐Notch signaling is a common feature of metazoan neurogenesis that produces committed progenitors and it appears to be a critical phase of neurogenesis in urchin embryos. Descriptions of the differentiation phase of neurogenesis indicate a stereotypic sequence of neural differentiation and patterns of axonal growth. Features of neural differentiation are consistent with localized signals guiding growth cones with trophic, adhesive, and tropic cues. Urchins are a facile, postgenomic model with the potential of revealing many shared and derived features of deuterostome neurogenesis. genesis 52:208–221. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A bird distribution model for ring recovery data: where do theEuropean robins go?
Authors: Korner‐Nievergelt Fränzi , Liechti Felix , Thorup Kasper 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFor the study of migratory connectivity, birds have been individually marked by metal rings for more than 100 years. The resulting ring recovery data have been compiled in numerous bird migration atlases. However, estimation of what proportion of a particular population is migrating to which region is confounded by spatial heterogeneity in ring recovery probability. We present a product multinomial model that enables quantifying the continent‐wide distribution of different bird populations during different seasons based on ring recovery data while accounting for spatial heterogeneity of ring recovery probability. We applied the model to an example data set of theEuropean robinErithacus rubecula. We assumed that ring recovery probability was equal between different groups of birds and that survival probability was constant. Simulated data indicate that violation of the assumption of constant survival did not affect our estimated bird distribution parameters but biased the estimates for recovery probability. Posterior predictive model checking indicated a good general model fit but also revealed lack of fit for a few groups of birds. This lack of fit may be due to between‐group differences in the spatial distribution on smaller scales within regions. We found that 48% of the Scandinavian robins, but only 31% of the central European robins, wintered in northern Africa. The remaining parts of both populations wintered in southern and central Europe. Therefore, a substantial part of the Scandinavian population appears to leap over individuals from the central European population during migration. The model is applied to summary tables of numbers of ringed and recovered birds. This allows us to handle very large data sets as, for example, those presented in bird migration atlases.
Disturbance by large herbivores alters the relative importance of the ecological processes that influence the assembly pattern in heterogeneous meta‐communities
Authors: Ohashi Haruka , Hoshino Yoshinobu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDisturbance caused by large herbivores can affect the relative importance of ecological processes in determining community assembly and may cause a systematic loss of biodiversity across scales. To examine changes in the community assembly pattern caused by an overabundance of large herbivores in Japan, we analyzed community composition data from before and after the overabundance occurred. The community assembly pattern becomes more random after the deer overabundance. In addition, result of variation partitioning revealed decrease in importance of environmental processes and increase in importance of spatial processes. However, response of turnover rate, niche breadth, and niche overlap was heterogeneous, according to scale of each environmental gradient. Our results emphasize the importance of conserving habitat specialists that represent the local environment (habitat type and topography) at various altitudinal ranges to maintain biodiversity at regional scales under the increasing pressure of large herbivores.
Relationships between invertebrate communities and both hydrological regime and other environmental factors across New Zealand's rivers
Authors: Booker D. J. , Snelder T. H. , Greenwood M. J. , Crow S. K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRobust relationships between biological characteristics and hydrological indices are required to provide a quantitative basis for environmental flows. Data from 1075 river sites distributed across New Zealand were used to investigate relationships between invertebrate communities and flow regimes, whilst also including the influence of additional environmental factors. Variance decomposition analysis was used to investigate the proportion of variance explained by hydrological, geomorphological, land cover, and catchment characteristics for the community matrix and each of three biotic indices representing taxon richness, Macroinvertebrate Community Index, and percentage of species in the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera orders. Results showed that hydrological regime contributes a unique component to the explainable variation in the community, but this contribution is overestimated if other explanatory factors are not considered. A gradient forest model comprised of 93 random forest models, each predicting the probability of occurrence of a taxon, indicated the importance of high flows and also other dimensions of hydrological variation for predicting invertebrate taxa and biotic indices. Although many freshwater invertebrates in New Zealand are well adapted to a range of flow conditions through resistance traits and/or rapid colonization, this study suggests that several aspects of the flow regime influence invertebrate communities. These results suggest that environmental flows may be designed to sustain or even optimize specific ecological attributes or taxa, but changes along several dimensions of hydrological variability are likely to disadvantage other taxa and change invertebrate community composition. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lnk prevents inflammatory CD8+ T‐cell proliferation and contributes to intestinal homeostasis
Authors: Katayama Hiroko , Mori Taizo , Seki Yoichi , Anraku Masaki , Iseki Masanori , Ikutani Masashi , Iwasaki Yukiko , Yoshida Nobuaki , Takatsu Kiyoshi , Takaki Satoshi 
Published: February 2014

The intracellular adaptor Lnk (also known as SH2B3) regulates cytokine signals that control lymphohematopoiesis, and Lnk−/− mice have expanded B‐cell, megakaryocyte, and hematopoietic stem‐cell populations. Moreover, mutations in the LNK gene are found in patients with myeloproliferative disease, whereas LNK polymorphisms have recently been associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease. Here, we describe a previously unrecognized function of Lnk in the control of inflammatory CD8+ T‐cell proliferation and in intestinal homeostasis. Mature T cells from newly generated Lnk–Venus reporter mice had low but substantial expression of Lnk, whereas Lnk expression was downregulated during homeostatic T‐cell proliferation under lymphopenic conditions. The numbers of CD44hiIFN‐γ+CD8+ effector or memory T cells were found to be increased in Lnk−/− mice, which also exhibited shortening of villi in the small intestine. Lnk−/− CD8+ T cells survived longer in response to stimulation with IL‐15 and proliferated even in nonlymphopenic hosts. Transfer of Lnk−/− CD8+ T cells together with WT CD4+ T cells into Rag2‐deficient mice recapitulated a sign of villous abnormality. Our results reveal a link between Lnk and immune cell‐mediated intestinal tissue destruction.
Beef tallow as an alternative to fish oil in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles: Effects on fish performance, tissue fatty acid composition, health and flesh nutritional value
Authors: Pérez José A. , Rodríguez Covadonga , Bolaños Ana , Cejas Juana R. , Lorenzo Antonio 
Published: February 2014

Gilthead sea bream juveniles of 135 g average body weight were fed for 120 days a fish oil‐based commercial diet (CTRL) or one of two experimental isonitrogenous and isolipidic low fat (LF) fish meal‐based diets differing only by the lipid source, in order to evaluate the efficacy of beef tallow (BT) as an ingredient in aquafeeds. Both experimental feeds were formulated with 60 g/kg of BT; the LFBTFO diet also contained 35 g/kg of fish oil (FO) whereas a blend of BT and vegetable oils (VO) completely replaced FO in the LFBTVO diet. No differences in growth and feed efficiency were found between fish fed the LFBTFO diet and the CTRL group whereas fish fed the diet devoid of FO (LFBTVO) presented the poorest growth indicators and the lowest feed and protein efficiencies. The use of LF feeds contributed to maintain the hepatosomatic index and the proportion of triacylglycerols (TAG) in muscle and brain in spite of the dietary replacement of FO. Flesh from fish fed the LFBTFO diet supplied the same absolute amount of EPA + DHA than that of fish fed the CTRL diet, whereas a reduction of approximately 45% was registered when fish were deprived of FO.Practical applications: High proportions of BT can effectively be used as a valuable alternative to partially substitute FO in diets for gilthead sea bream juveniles without significantly affecting fish performance and health while promoting a limited impact on its health benefits for human consumption. The decline in the inclusion of marine ingredients in aquafeeds could actively contribute to the sustainability and profitability of the marine aquaculture industry.
δ‐Peptides from RuAAC‐Derived 1,5‐Disubstituted Triazole Units
Authors: Johansson Johan R. , Hermansson Elin , Nordén Bengt , Kann Nina , Beke‐Somfai Tamás 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNon‐natural peptides with structures and functions similar to natural peptides have emerged lately in biomedical as well as nanotechnological contexts. They are interesting for pharmaceutical applications since they can adopt structures with new targeting potentials and because they are generally not prone to degradation by proteases. We report here a new set of peptidomimetics derived from δ‐peptides, consisting of n units of a 1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole amino acid (5Tzl). The monomer was prepared using ruthenium‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (RuAAC) chemistry using [RuCl2Cp*]x as the catalyst, allowing for simpler purification and resulting in excellent yields. This achiral monomer was used to prepare peptide oligomers that are water soluble independent of peptide chain length. Conformational analysis and structural investigations of the oligomers were performed by 2D NOESY NMR experiments, and by quantum chemical calculations using the ωB97X‐D functional. These data indicate that several conformations may co‐exist with slight energetic differences. Together with their increased hydrophilicity, this feature of homo‐5Tzl may prove essential for mimicking natural peptides composed of α‐amino acids, where the various secondary structures are achieved by side chain effects and not by the rigidity of the peptide backbone. The improved synthetic method allows for facile variation of the 5Tzl amino acid side chains, further increasing the versatility of these compounds.
Experimental testing of a rocking timber shear wall with slip‐friction connectors
Authors: Loo Wei Y. , Kun Chern , Quenneville Pierre , Chouw Nawawi 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYAllowing a structure to uplift and rock during an earthquake is one way in which activated forces can be capped and damage to the structure avoided or minimised. Slip‐friction connectors (also known as slotted‐bolt connectors) were originally developed for use in steel construction, but for this research have been adapted for use as hold‐downs in an experimental 2.4 m × 2.4 m rigid timber shear wall. A novel approach is used to achieve the desired sliding threshold in the connectors, and the wall uplifts when this threshold is reached. From a series of quasi‐static cyclic tests, it is shown that slip‐friction connectors can impart ductile and elasto‐plastic characteristics to what would otherwise be essentially brittle structures. Because forces on the wall were capped by the slip‐friction connectors to levels well below the design level, no damage to the wall was observed. Self‐centring potential was also found to be excellent. The slip‐friction connectors themselves are of a unique design and have proven to be robust and durable, adequately performing their duty even after almost 14 m of cumulative travel under high contact pressures. To resist base shear without unduly affecting rocking behaviour, a new type of shear‐key is proposed and implemented, and a procedure developed to quantify its influence on overall wall behaviour. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.