bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopically Assisted Anorectoplasty Using Perineal Ultrasonographic Guide
Authors: Kubota Akio 
Published: July 2014

Background/Purpose : As minimal invasive surgery,laparoscopy assisted anorectal pull-through has been reported with new devices. However, it is not easy to create an accurate pull-through canal (PTC), because of the narrow space between the urethra and puborectal sling. The authors describe a new method employing perineal ultrasonography.Methods: The rectourethral prostatic fistula was dissected laparoscopically. Externally, electrostimulation identified the center of the muscle contraction, over which a 1.2 cm of skin incision was made, and the lower part of PTC was created by hemostat forceps guided by electrostimulation. An ultrasonographic probe applied to the perineum demonstrated the urethra, and the forceps was advanced behind the urethra into the pelvic cavity using the ultrasonographic guide. Anorectal pullthrough was performed following dilatation of the PTC with dilators.Results: The authors applied this procedure in 9 cases of male high anomalies. Surgical damages to the urethra, the levator and vertical muscles were not encountered. Postoperative MRI demonstrated a good location of the rectum, and fluoroscopic study showed a good anterior angulation and intact contraction and relaxation of those muscles.Conclusion: The combination of laparoscopic dissection, pinpointing the center of anal sphincter by electrostimulation and identification of the urethra by ultrasonographic images from the perineum facilitated creation of appropriate PTC in the muscle complex.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v1i1.19447
Expanding Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies Across the Academic–Practice Transition: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fater Kerry H. , Weatherford Barbara , Ready Robert W. , Finn Kathy , Tangney Betty 
Published: July 2014

Background:
A regional state university and three health care organizations formed a regional education-service partnership to expand the implementation of the Massachusetts Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies (NOFNCC) across the academic–practice transition.

Method:
Using a convenience sample in a one-group pretest–posttest design, the study examined the extent to which transitioning new licensed nurses and their preceptors were knowledgeable regarding NOFNCC as a basis for practice, and assessed changes following an educational intervention. A newly developed instrument based on NOFNCC, the Nurse Competency Assessment Tool (NCAT), served as the measurement tool.

Results:
Findings indicate knowledge gaps in system-based practice, quality improvement, and evidence-based practice among both transitioning newly licensed nurses and preceptor groups in need of improvement.

Conclusion:
NOFNCC identify essential knowledge, attitudes, and skills integral to providing safe quality nursing care not only in Massachusetts but also nationally and globally. Need for continued refinement of the NCAT was also apparent.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2014;45(8):366–372.
Q192R Paraoxonase (PON)1 Polymorphism, Insulin Sensitivity, and Endothelial Function in Essential Hypertensive Men
Authors: Dell'omo Giulia , Penno Giuseppe , Pucci Laura , Lucchesi Daniela , Del Prato Stefano , Pedrinelli Roberto 
Published: July 2014

AimsEssential hypertension is characterized by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation harmful for insulin sensitivity and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasomotor function, a noxious effect that paraoxonase ( PON)l, an antioxidant circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound esterase, may counteract. The PON 1 gene contains several polymorphisms including a glutamine (Q_) to arginine (R) transition at position 192 encoding circulating allozymes with higher antioxidant activity that might influence both parameters.MethodsQ192R was determined by polymerase chain reaction in 72 never-treated, glucose-tolerant, uncomplicated essential hypertensive men. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and endothelial function by forearm vasodilation (strain-gage venous plethysmography) to intra-arterial acetylcholine (ACH) with sodium nitroprusside (NIP) as a NO-independent control. Additional evaluation variables included 24-hour blood pressure (BP), lipids, BMI, smoking status, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) by Adult Treatment Panel (ATP)-III criteria. R192 was considered as the rare allele, and its associations analyzed by dominant models (Q/Qvs. Q/R + R/R).ResultsGenotype frequencies were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. HOMA was lower and insulin resistance (the upper fourth of HOMA values distribution) less prevalent in Q/R + R/R carriers in whom ACH-mediated vasodilatation was greater and endothelial dysfunction (the bottom fourth of ACHAUCvalues distribution) less frequent than in Q/Q homozygotes. Q192R polymorphism and MetS were unrelated parameters despite their common association with insulin resistance. 24-hour BP, BMI, lipids, and smoking habits were homogeneously distributed across genotypes.ConclusionsQ192R polymorphism associates differentially with insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in essential hypertensive men.
Sorrow as the Longest Memory of Neglect
Authors: Frankowski Alfred 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
African American history and the history of antiblack violence in this country have been plagued with different modes of forgetting and outright neglect. As a result, absence, silence, and breakages mark a particular layer and structure of memory that contextualizes this form of neglect. In this article, I use the work of Billie Holiday, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Walter Benjamin to argue that the more we have objects of memory of the African American past, the more antipathy toward present antiblack violence grows. I show that African American memory of antiblack violence has been marked by an aesthetic of sorrow just as much as it has been an intrusion into the public space. I further argue that it is important to critique the function of neglect and to reenvision the political power of allegorical modes of memory not only to provide a context for what is neglected but to emphasize that this neglect is a symptom of a newly unfolding crisis.
Four Paradoxes of Self-Reference: The Being of the Universal
Authors: Moss Gregory S. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Herein I investigate how four dogmas underpinning the traditional concepts of universality, the genus, class, and abstract universal, generate four paradoxes of self-reference. The four dogmas are the following: (1) that contradiction entails the total absence of determinacy, (2) the necessary finitude of the concept, (3) the separation of principles of universality and particularity, and (4) the necessity of appealing to foundations. I show how these dogmas underpin the paradoxes of self-reference and how one cannot make progress on these paradoxes as long as these four dogmas are in place. Corresponding to the abovementioned dogmas are the four paradoxes of self-reference: (1a) the problem of the differentia, (2b) the problem of psychologism, (3c) the problem of participation, and (4d) the problem of ontotheology.
The Sense of the Transcendental Field: Deleuze, Sartre, and Husserl
Authors: Dejanovic Sanja 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
There are two ways in which sense has been approached in contemporary philosophy. The dividing line is between those who interpret sense as abiding with models of recognition and those who determine sense as arising with paradox. In The Logic of Sense, Gilles Deleuze puts forth a paradoxical constitution of sense in order to render that which is new in being something untimely, the always new in being. In placing paradox at the center of the constitution of sense, Deleuze effectively works to displace the two aspects of doxa, good sense and common sense. Such a conception of sense comes into direct tension with Husserl's theory of sense. By outlining the fundamentals of Husserl's position, I intend to show on what points the two part ways. This distinction will create the context in which we can posit the relationship of transcendental and formal logic in Deleuze's philosophy via Sartre's essay “The Transcendence of the Ego.” My aim is to show that the doubling of sense does not reinforce the act of recognition, which Husserl realizes in the two-leveled predicative process.
A Pooled Analysis of Two Phase 3 Clinical Trials of Dalfampridine in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Goodman Andrew D. , Brown Theodore R. , Schapiro Randall T. , Klingler Michael , Cohen Ron , Blight Andrew R. 
Published: July 2014

Background: Two phase 3 clinical trials demonstrated that dalfampridine extended-release 10-mg tablets (D-ER), twice daily, significantly improved walking relative to placebo in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of D-ER in patients with MS using pooled data from the two phase 3 trials.
Methods: Data were pooled from the two trials, and D-ER was compared with placebo for timed-walk responder rate, changes in walking speed, and the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12). Response rates were evaluated with respect to demographic and clinical characteristics.
Results: D-ER had a significantly higher proportion of timed-walk responders relative to placebo (37.6% vs. 8.9%; P &lt; .0001). The responder rate was independent of age, gender, race, body-mass index, type of MS, duration of MS, baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale score, baseline walking speed, and concomitant use of immunomodulatory therapies. Significant improvements were observed in walking speed and in MSWS-12 score for the pooled D-ER group compared with placebo. The safety profile was consistent with the individual studies; no new safety or tolerability concerns were identified.
Conclusions: D-ER demonstrated efficacy for the improvement of walking in patients with MS; response was independent of demographic and clinical characteristics.
Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Gait Function and Quality of Life for People with Multiple Sclerosis Taking Dalfampridine
Authors: Mayer Lori , Warring Tina , Agrella Stephanie , Rogers Helen L. , Fox Edward J. 
Published: July 2014

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) can adversely affect gait, causing gait slowing, loss of balance, decreased functional mobility, and gait deficits, such as footdrop. Current treatments for gait dysfunction due to MS are pharmacologic, using dalfampridine, or orthotic, using an ankle-foot orthosis. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) to the fibular nerve stimulates active dorsiflexion and provides an alternative treatment for gait dysfunction caused by footdrop. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of FES on gait function and the impact of MS on walking and quality of life for people with MS taking a stable dalfampridine dose.
Methods: Participants demonstrating gait slowing and footdrop completed the Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW) test, 6-Minute Walk (6MW) test, GaitRite Functional Ambulation Profile, 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12), and 36-item Short Form Health Status Survey (SF-36) at screening without FES; the measures were repeated with FES at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months.
Results: Twenty participants (8 men and 12 women) completed this unblinded case series study. The mean age, duration of MS, and time taking dalfampridine were 51.7, 15.8, and 1.4 years, respectively. Changes from screening to baseline and screening to 3 months were analyzed. Significant improvement was noted from screening to baseline for the MSWS-12 (P = .024) and SF-36 Physical Function domain (P = .028) and from screening to 3 months for the T25FW (P = .015), MSWS-12 (P = .003), and SF-36 Physical Function (P = .032) and Role Limitation–Physical Health (P = .012) domains.
Conclusions: Improvements above those induced pharmacologically suggest that FES can augment pharmacologic intervention and significantly improve gait function, decrease the impact of MS on walking, and improve quality of life for people with MS.
Change in Perceived Health Insurance Coverage Among People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Pozniak Alyssa , Hadden Louise , Rhodes William , Minden Sarah 
Published: July 2014

Background: Previous research suggests that most people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the United States have health insurance. However, little is known about their coverage or how it differs between public and private insurance. We examined whether the perceived change in health insurance coverage from the previous year differs between individuals with MS who are privately insured compared with those who are publicly insured.Methods: We present descriptive statistics and odds ratios (ORs) from a multivariate logistic regression using data from the 2009 wave of the Sonya Slifka Longitudinal Multiple Sclerosis Study.Results: We found that individuals with Medicare were significantly less likely to perceive worse coverage compared with those with private health insurance (OR = 0.53; P &lt; .01). Individuals aged 55 to 64 years were more likely to perceive worse coverage than those aged 18 to 34 years (OR = 2.5; P &lt; .05), while the odds of perceiving worse coverage were significantly lower for individuals who had been diagnosed more than 15 years previously relative to those diagnosed in the past 2 years (OR = 0.48; P &lt; .05).Conclusions: Individuals with MS and other chronic illnesses who can choose between public and private insurance should be aware that there are important differences in perceptions of health insurance coverage between publicly and privately insured individuals.
Synthesis of CaOZnO Nanoparticles Catalyst and Its Application in Transesterification of Refined Palm Oil
Authors: Yulianti Cicik Herlina , Ediati Ratna , Hartanto Djoko , Purbaningtias Tri Esti , Chisaki Yoshifumi , Abdul Jalil Aishah , Che Ku Hitam Che Ku Nor Liana , Prasetyoko Didik 
Published: July 2014

The CaOZnO nanoparticle catalysts with Ca to Zn atomic ratios of 0.08 and 0.25 have been successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis provided with Rietica and Maud software, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and its properties was compared with bare CaO and ZnO catalysts. The phase composition estimated by Rietica software revealed that the CaO catalyst consists of CaO and CaCO3 phases. The estimation of the particle size by Maud software, showed that the particle size of all catalysts increased by the following order: ZnO. © 2014 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Phototreatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) over Cu/TiO2 Photocatalyst
Authors: Ng Kim Hoong , Deraman Mohd. Rizauddin , Ang Chun How , Chong Soo Kee , Kong Zi Ying , Khan Maksudur R. , Cheng Chin Kui 
Published: July 2014

The current work reported on the use of different formulations of Cu/TiO2 photocatalysts for the UV-irradiation of palm oil mills effluent (POME). Different copper loadings, viz. 2 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt% and 25 wt% were doped onto titania. XRD pattern confirmed the presence of anatase TiO2 as primary phase due to mild calcination temperature (573 K). Photo-decomposition of POME over 20 wt% Cu/TiO2 exhibited the highest conversion (27.0%) attributed to its large pore diameter (20.0 nm). In addition, optimum loading was 0.83 g/l. © 2014 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Ethanol Production from Non-Food Tubers of Iles-iles (Amorphophallus campanulatus) by Using Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation
Authors: Kusmiyati Kusmiyati 
Published: July 2014

The decrease in production and the raise in needs have led to the rise in oil prices. This work investigated the possibility of Iles-iles (Amorphophallus campanulatus) tuber flour, which is rich in carbohydrate con-tent, as a raw material to produce bioethanol. To obtain the maximum ethanol concentration, several parameters had been studied, such as: the concentration of α-amylase and β-amylase in liquefaction and sac-charification processes, respectively, the type of S. cerevisiae enzyme (pure, dry, wet and instant) and weight of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) as a nutrient for S. cerevisiae in fermentation. The result shows that the highest reducing sugar content (12.5%) was achieved when 3.2 ml α-amylase/kg flour and 6.4 ml β-amylase/kg flour were used during liquefaction and saccharification processes. Since the concentration of α- and β-amylase increased, the reducing sugar obtained also increased. The higher sugar content resulted the higher the ethanol concentration in the fermentation broth. Furthermore, the highest concentration of ethanol (9 %v/v) was obtained at 72 h fermentation using the dry S. cerevisiae, at 3.2 ml and 6.4 ml /kg flour of α-amylase and β-amylase enzymes, respectively. From the study of the effect of S. cerevisiae type, it was shown that dry S. cereviseae produced the highest ethanol concentration 10.2% (v/v) at 72 h fermentation. The DAP was used as a nitrogen supply required by S. cerevisiae to growth and as a results can increase the ethanol concentration. The addition of DAP in the fermentation proved that 8.45% (v/v) of ethanol was obtained. This result shows that the proposed tuber flour has the potential a raw material for bioethanol production. © 2014 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Kinetic Studies on the Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols in Organic Medium under Phase Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Bijudas K. , Bashpa P. , Radhakrishnan Nair T. D. 
Published: July 2014

Kinetic studies on the oxidation of benzyl alcohol and substituted benzyl alcohols in benzene as the reaction medium have been studied by using potassium dichromate under phase transfer catalysis (PTC). The phase transfer catalysts (PT catalysts) used were tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and tetrabutylphosphonium bromide (TBPB). Benzyl alcohols were selectively oxidised to corresponding benzaldehydes in good yield (above 90%). The order of reactivity among the studied benzyl alcohols is p - OCH3 > p - CH3 > - H > p - Cl. Plots of log k2 versus Hammett's substituent constant (s) has been found to be curve shaped and this suggests that there should be a continuous change in transition state with changes in substituent present in the substrate from electron donating to electron withdrawing. A suitable mechanism has been suggested in which the rate determining step involves both C - H bond cleavage and C - O bond formations in concerted manner. © 2014 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Solvent-Free Biginelli Condensation using Tungstate Sulfuric Acid: a Powerful and Reusable Catalyst for Selective Synthesis
Authors: Nasab Rezvan Rezaee , Karami Bahador , Khodabakhshi Saeed 
Published: July 2014

Tungstate sulfuric acid (TSA) has been prepared and used as a recyclable catalyst for the Biginelli syn-thesis of some biologically active quinazolinones/thiones under solvent-free conditions. This method has advantages such as the avoidance of organic solvents, high yield of pure products, short reaction times, and operational simplicity. © 2014 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Tautomerism and proton transfer in photoionized acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde–water clusters
Authors: Di Palma Tonia M. , Bende Attila 
Published: July 2014

Understanding the gas‐phase chemistry of acetaldehyde can be challenging because the molecule can assume several tautomeric forms, namely keto, enol and carbene. The two last forms are the most stable ionic forms. Here, insight into the gas‐phase cluster ion chemistry of homogeneous acetaldehyde and mixed water–acetaldehyde clusters is provided by mass spectrometry/vacuum ultraviolet photoionization combined with density functional theory calculations. (AA)nH+ clusters (AA = acetaldehyde) and mixed (AA)nH3O+ clusters were detected using tunable vacuum ultraviolet photoionization. Barrierless proton transfers were observed during the geometry optimization of the most stable dimer structures and helped to explain the cluster ion chemistry induced by photoionization, namely the formation of deprotonated tautomers and protonated keto tautomers. Water was found to catalyze the keto–enol and keto–carbene isomerizations and facilitate the proton transfer from the ionized enol or carbene part of the cluster to the neutral keto part, resulting in protonated keto structures. The production of protonated keto structures was identified to be the main fragmentation channel following ionization of the homogeneous acetaldehyde cluster and a channel for ionized mixed clusters as well.These findings are significant for a broad range of fields, including current atmospheric models, because acetaldehyde is one of the most prominent organic species in the troposphere and ions play a crucial role in aerosol formation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Finding of Sillmanite in Sapphirine-bearing Granulites from Pedapalli, NE Part of the Eastern Dharwar Craton, India
Authors: Prakash D. , Singh P. Chandra 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We report the occurrence of sillimanite in sapphirine-bearing granulites near Pedapalli town in the north eastern part of the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC). The sapphirine-bearing granulites of the Pedapalli area display evidence of metamorphic reactions involved in the formation of diverse mineral assemblages documented in different types of reaction textures. The common stable assemblage contains sapphirine-spinel-orthopyroxene-cordierite-plagioclage-corundum-sillimanite. The P-T evolution of these sapphirine granulites has been constrained by using the TWEEQU program. Temperature of formation of sapphirine-spinel assemblages is high, around 800 °C, and pressure ca. 8 kbar. The assemblage reported in this study has important bearing on the high-temperature metamorphism and exhumation history of the EDC.
Shell Microstructure of Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Oysters from Ariyalur, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Jaitly Anand K. , Mishra Sanjay K. , Sen Shrinjana 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The micro-morphological shell characters (both in optical microscope and SEM) have been used to discriminate in between oyster’s sub-families Pycnodonteinae Stenzel 1959, Exogyrinae Vyalov 1936, Ostreinae Refinesque 1815 and Lophinae Vyalov 1936. These sub-families are represented by six constituent genera Phygraea (Phygarea) vesicularis (Lamarck 1806), Hyotissa semiplana (Sowerby1813), Curvostrea rouvellei (Coquand 1862), Ceratostreon pliciferum (Dujardin 1837), Agerostrea ungulata (Schlotheim 1813) and Rastellum (Arctostrea) pectinatum (Lamarck 1810) in the late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) sediments of the Ariyalur area of Tamil Nadu, south India. The optical microscopic observations and SEM studies of the shells of these six genera clearly indicate that all the four sub-families consist of distinctive set of shell-microstructures. Sub-family Pycnodonteinae is characterized by predominance of vesicular, exogyrinae by prismatic, Ostreinae by cross foliated and Lophinae by foliated shell microstructures. Besides their characteristic shell microstructures, some additional microstructures are also visible in the shells of some of the genera of these four sub-families.