bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reactive oxygen species activation mechanism contributes to JS-K-induced apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells
Authors: Qiu Mingning , Chen Lieqian , Tan Guobin , Ke Longzhi , Zhang Sai , Chen Hege , Liu Jianjun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular oxidant stress are regulators of cancer cells. The alteration of redox status, which is induced by increased generation of ROS, results in increased vulnerability to oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (JS-K, C13H16N6O8) on proliferation and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells and explored possible ROS-related mechanisms. Our results indicated that JS-K could suppress bladder cancer cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and induce apoptosis and ROS accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. With increasing concentrations of JS-K, expression of proteins that are involved in cell apoptosis increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed JS-K-induced cell apoptosis; conversely, the prooxidant oxidized glutathione (GSSG) exacerbated JS-K-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that nitrites, which were generated from the oxidation of JS-K-released NO, induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells to a lower extent through the ROS-related pathway. In addition, JS-K was shown to enhance the chemo-sensitivity of doxorubicin in bladder cancer cells. Taken together, the data suggest that JS-K-released NO induces bladder cancer cell apoptosis by increasing ROS levels and nitrites resulting from oxidation of NO have a continuous apoptosis-inducing effect.
Quantifying dynamical spillover in co-evolving multiplex networks
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Vikram S. , Noël Pierre-André , Maoz Zeev , D’Souza Raissa M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMultiplex networks (a system of multiple networks that have different types of links but share a common set of nodes) arise naturally in a wide spectrum of fields. Theoretical studies show that in such multiplex networks, correlated edge dynamics between the layers can have a profound effect on dynamical processes. However, how to extract the correlations from real-world systems is an outstanding challenge. Here we introduce the Multiplex Markov chain to quantify correlations in edge dynamics found in longitudinal data of multiplex networks. By comparing the results obtained from the multiplex perspective to a null model which assumes layers in a network are independent, we can identify real correlations as distinct from simultaneous changes that occur due to random chance. We use this approach on two different data sets: the network of trade and alliances between nation states and the email and co-commit networks between developers of open source software. We establish the existence of “dynamical spillover” showing the correlated formation (or deletion) of edges of different types as the system evolves. The details of the dynamics over time provide insight into potential causal pathways.
Non-blinking (Zn)CuInS/ZnS Quantum Dots Prepared by In Situ Interfacial Alloying Approach
Authors: Zhang Aidi , Dong Chaoqing , Li Liang , Yin Jinjin , Liu Heng , Huang Xiangyi , Ren Jicun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSemiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are very important optical nanomaterials with a wide range of potential applications. However, blinking behavior of single QD is an intrinsic drawback for some biological and photoelectric applications based on single-particle emission. Herein we present a rational strategy for fabrication of non-blinking (Zn)CuInS/ZnS QDs in organic phase through in situ interfacial alloying approach. This new strategy includes three steps: synthesis of CuInS QDs, eliminating the interior traps of QDs by forming graded (Zn)CuInS alloyed QDs, modifying the surface traps of QDs by introducing ZnS shells onto (Zn)CuInS QDs using alkylthiols as sulfur source and surface ligands. The suppressed blinking mechanism was mainly attributed to modifying QDs traps from interior to exterior via a step-by-step modification. Non-blinking QDs show high quantum yield, symmetric emission spectra and excellent crystallinity and will enable applications from biology to optoelectronics that were previously hindered by blinking behavior of traditional QDs.
Projections of future meteorological drought and wet periods in the Amazon
Authors: Duffy Philip B. , Brando Paulo , Asner Gregory P. , Field Christopher B. 
Published: October 2015

SignificanceRecent severe droughts in the Amazon basin have increased interest in future climatological and ecological conditions of this region. Future changes in drought and wet periods could have enormous impacts on forest structure, biomass, and composition, but our ability to predict changes in the hydrological regime remains highly uncertain. We evaluate an ensemble of state-of-the-art climate models and demonstrate their accuracy in simulating processes influencing drought in Amazonia. These models provide projections of future properties of drought and wet periods, and indicate that different portions of the Amazon Basin undergo contrasting hydrological futures but will share a tendency toward more hydrological extremes.
Unconstrained muscle-tendon workloops indicate resonance tuning as a mechanism for elastic limb behavior during terrestrial locomotion
Authors: Robertson Benjamin D. , Sawicki Gregory S. 
Published: October 2015

Significance
The fields of terrestrial biomechanics and bio-inspired robotics have identified spring-like limb mechanics as critical to stable and efficient gait. In biological systems, distal muscle groups cycling large amounts of energy in series tendons are a primary source of compliance. To investigate the origins of this behavior, we coupled a biological muscle-tendon to a feedback controlled servomotor simulating the inertial/gravitational environment of terrestrial gait. We drove this bio-robotic system via direct nerve stimulation across a range of frequencies to explore the influence of neural control on muscle-tendon interactions. This study concluded that by matching stimulation frequency to that of the passive biomechanical system, muscle-tendon interactions resulting in spring-like behavior occur naturally and do not require closed-loop neural control.
Shift toward prior knowledge confers a perceptual advantage in early psychosis and psychosis-prone healthy individuals
Authors: Teufel Christoph , Subramaniam Naresh , Dobler Veronika , Perez Jesus , Finnemann Johanna , Mehta Puja R. , Goodyer Ian M. , Fletcher Paul C. 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Perceiving things that are not there and holding unfounded, bizarre beliefs (hallucinations and delusions, respectively) are psychotic symptoms that occur in particular syndromes including affective psychoses, paranoid states, and schizophrenia. We studied the emergence of this loss of contact with reality based on current models of normal brain function. Working with clinical individuals experiencing early psychosis and nonclinical individuals with high levels of psychosis proneness, we show that their visual perception is characterized by a shift that favors prior knowledge over incoming sensory evidence. Given that these alterations in information processing are evident early on in psychosis and even in association with subtle perceptual changes indicating psychosis proneness, they may be important factors contributing to the emergence of severe mental illnesses.
Catalytic mechanism and allosteric regulation of an oligomeric (p)ppGpp synthetase by an alarmone
Authors: Steinchen Wieland , Schuhmacher Jan S. , Altegoer Florian , Fage Christopher D. , Srinivasan Vasundara , Linne Uwe , Marahiel Mohamed A. , Bange Gert 
Published: October 2015

Significance
The alarmones guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine pentaphosphate (pppGpp) [collectively named “(p)ppGpp)”] are important for the adaptation of bacteria and plant chloroplasts to a variety of environmental stress conditions. Their synthesis is carried out by (p)ppGpp synthetases. We delineate the catalytic mechanism of (p)ppGpp synthesis by oligomeric and highly cooperative small alarmone synthetase 1 (SAS1) at atomic resolution. Our structural and biochemical analysis shows that only pppGpp—but not ppGpp—positively affects the activity of SAS1. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular description of a biological activity in which pppGpp and ppGpp execute different functional roles.
Helical antimicrobial polypeptides with radial amphiphilicity
Authors: Xiong Menghua , Lee Michelle W. , Mansbach Rachael A. , Song Ziyuan , Bao Yan , Peek Richard M. , Yao Catherine , Chen Lin-Feng , Ferguson Andrew L. , Wong Gerard C. L. , Cheng Jianjun 
Published: October 2015

Significance
We developed antimicrobial polypeptides (AMPs) with unprecedented radial amphiphilicity. Unlike typical AMPs characterized by facial amphiphilicity or biomimetic antimicrobial polymers with randomly distributed charged and hydrophobic groups, this class of AMPs is made up of homo-polypeptides that feature a radially amphiphilic (RA) structure and adopt a stable α-helical conformation with a hydrophobic helical core and a charged exterior shell, which is formed by flexible hydrophobic side chains with terminal charge group. The RA polypeptides appear to offer several advantages over conventional AMPs with regard to stability against proteases and simplicity of design. They also exhibit high antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and low hemolytic activity. This design may become a general platform for developing AMPs to treat drug-resistant bacteria.
Direct weakening of tropical circulations from masked CO
2
radiative forcing
Authors: Merlis Timothy M. 
Published: October 2015

Significance
The response of the atmospheric circulation to anthropogenic carbon dioxide changes has consequences for socially important aspects of climate, including rainfall and hurricane development. A substantial body of literature relates circulation weakening to temperature changes; however, it has been recently discovered that there is also a direct weakening of tropical overturning circulations from increased carbon dioxide concentration, which are independent of temperature changes. However, the cause of this direct slowing of the circulation has not been revealed. Here, I introduce a physical mechanism for the direct circulation weakening that accounts for its ubiquity across climate simulations. The previously unidentified mechanism is demonstrated across a hierarchy of atmospheric simulations including those used in the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Sensorimotor influences on speech perception in infancy
Authors: Bruderer Alison G. , Danielson D. Kyle , Kandhadai Padmapriya , Werker Janet F. 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Theories of language acquisition have typically assumed infants’ early perceptual capabilities influence the development of speech production. Here we show that the sensorimotor (production) system can also influence speech perception: Before infants are able to speak, their articulatory configurations affect the way they perceive speech, suggesting that the speech production system shapes speech perception from early in life. These findings implicate oral–motor movements as more significant to speech perception development and language acquisition than current theories would assume and point to the need for more research on the impact that restricted oral–motor movements may have on the development of speech and language, both in clinical populations and in typically developing infants.
Carbon choices determine US cities committed to futures below sea level
Authors: Strauss Benjamin H. , Kulp Scott , Levermann Anders 
Published: October 2015

Significance
As greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, the window to limit global warming below 2 °C appears to be closing. Associated projections for sea-level rise generally range near or below 1 m by 2100. However, paleontological and modeling evidence indicates long-term sea-level sensitivity to warming that is roughly an order of magnitude higher. Here we develop relationships between cumulative carbon emissions and long-term sea-level commitment and explore implications for the future of coastal developments in the United States. The results offer a new way to compare different emissions scenarios or policies and suggest that the long-term viability of hundreds of coastal municipalities and land currently inhabited by tens of millions of persons hang in the balance.
Determinants of spontaneous mutation in the bacteriumEscherichia colias revealed by whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Foster Patricia L. , Lee Heewook , Popodi Ellen , Townes Jesse P. , Tang Haixu 
Published: October 2015

SignificanceBecause genetic variation underlies evolution, a complete understanding of evolutionary processes requires identifying and characterizing the forces determining the stability of the genome. Using mutation accumulation and whole-genome sequencing, we found that spontaneous mutation rates in three widely divergedEscherichia colistrains are nearly identical. To determine the importance of DNA damage in driving mutation rates, we investigated 11 strains, each defective for a major DNA repair pathway. The striking result was that only loss of the ability to repair or prevent oxidative DNA damage significantly impacted mutation rates and spectra. These results suggest that, with the exception of those that defend against oxidative damage, DNA repair pathways may exist primarily to defend against DNA damage induced by exogenous agents.
A basal stem cell signature identifies aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes
Authors: Smith Bryan A. , Sokolov Artem , Uzunangelov Vladislav , Baertsch Robert , Newton Yulia , Graim Kiley , Mathis Colleen , Cheng Donghui , Stuart Joshua M. , Witte Owen N. 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Aggressive cancers often possess functional and molecular traits characteristic of normal stem cells. It is unclear if aggressive phenotypes of prostate cancer molecularly resemble normal stem cells residing within the human prostate. Here, we transcriptionally profiled epithelial populations from the human prostate and show that aggressive prostate cancer is enriched for a prostate basal stem cell signature. Within prostate cancer metastases, histological subtypes had varying enrichment of the stem cell signature, with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma being the most stem cell-like. We further found that small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and the prostate basal stem cell share a common transcriptional program. Targeting normal stem cell transcriptional programs may provide a new strategy for treating advanced prostate cancer.
Regulation of AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 surface expression by PAK3 phosphorylation
Authors: Hussain Natasha K. , Thomas Gareth M. , Luo Junjie , Huganir Richard L. 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Precise choreography of AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) movements within neurons is critical for brain function; aberrant AMPAR trafficking is associated with impaired synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits. We identified a previously unidentified phosphorylation site in AMPAR subunit GluA1 (serine 863) that regulates neuronal trafficking of GluA1. We define a specific signal transduction pathway that controls GluA1-S863 phosphorylation, mediated by EphB2, Zizimin1, Cdc42, and p21-activated kinase-3 (PAK3). These signaling proteins are associated with modulation of neuronal morphology and AMPAR recruitment to dendritic spines. EphB2 and PAK3 are implicated in cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer’s and X-linked intellectual disability. Collectively, the GluA1-S863 phosphorylation signal cascade delineates a novel pathway regulating AMPAR trafficking that may be important in the modulation of learning and memory.
The Language of Mysticism and the Language of Law in Early Modern Spain*
Authors: Shuger Dale 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAfter the Reformation, Catholics developed new ways to express interior religious experiences, including mystic visions. This article considers the epistemological impasse that arose when the Spanish Inquisition, created to prosecute covert Judaizers, was charged with discernment of mystical experiences. Close linguistic study of interrogations shows how a nondialogue between mystical and legal discourse pointed to a broader conflict between a newly interiorized religion and the public space of the law. Practically, these cases weakened the Inquisition; conceptually, they undermined the idea of an Inquisition. If Enlightenment reformers were able to argue for a secularization of the law, it was because a group of mystics and Inquisitors had made such thought possible.
Losses and expenditures caused by extreme events in Poland
Authors: Siwiec Ewelina 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present problems related to the assessment of losses and expenditures caused by weather and climate-related events in Poland.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data were collected by the direct questionnaire method from selected national and regional/local administration units.

Findings
– The direct losses in 2001-2011 were estimated at more than PLN56 billion. The greatest losses were estimated in agriculture and infrastructure. The total amount of losses were estimated at PLN90 billion. In 2001-2011, more than PLN45 billion was spent in Poland on recovery and prevention of the impacts of extreme events, with a large part of it consisting of damages and benefits paid out by insurance companies.

Research limitations/implications
– Given the limitations related to the method for collecting information, the results may be underestimated. It is well-advised to consider information on such a type of uncertainty in the course of the future research.

Practical implications
– The results are of large importance for the building of public awareness and the making of political and investment-related decisions.

Originality/value
– The estimates given in the paper are the first presentation of losses and expenditures caused by all the extreme events in the Polish territory which has been prepared on the basis of so many official information sources. The determination of “bottlenecks” related to the existing method for collecting information is a first step toward its improvement.
Survivors perceptions of stakeholders and the 2009 South Pacific tsunami
Authors: Apatu Emma , Gregg Chris , Lindell Michael K. , Hillhouse Joel , Wang Liang 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– Near-field tsunamis provide short warning periods of equal to 30 minutes, which can complicate at-risk individuals’ protective action decisions. In the face of a tsunami, people may turn to individuals such as friends, family, neighbors, or organizations such as the media to obtain warning information to help facilitate evacuation and/or to seek protection from the hazard. To characterize norms for protection action behavior during a near-field tsunami, the purpose of this paper is to explore American Samoan residents’ perceptions of four social stakeholder groups on three characteristics – tsunami knowledge, trustworthiness, and protection responsibility – regarding the September 29, 2009, Mw 8.1 earthquake and tsunami in American Samoa.Design/methodology/approach– The social stakeholder groups were the respondents themselves, their peers, officials, and media. Mean ratings revealed that respondents rated themselves highest for tsunami knowledge and protection against the tsunami but rated peers highest for trustworthiness. In addition, officials had the lowest mean rankings for all three stakeholder characteristics. MANOVA analyses found that there was a statistically significant overall effect for occupation status on respondents’ perceptions of the four stakeholder groups and characteristics.Findings– Employed respondents generally reported higher mean ratings for all stakeholder groups across the three characteristics than those that reported not having an occupation. Given the complexity of evacuation behavior, at-risk individuals may seek the assistance of other community members to support their protective action decisions.Originality/value– The information gathered from this study provides local emergency managers with useful data that could support future disaster resilience efforts for tsunamis.
Constructing a typology of culture in organizational behavior
Authors: Yahyagil Mehmet Yusuf 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to propose a typology of culture and to present a hybrid model to be used as the base in organizational behavior and cross-cultural management research.Design/methodology/approach– This study provides a conceptual analysis and general review of the literature to clarify and to classify the usage of culture models and cultural orientations to reduce confusion concerning cultural studies.Findings– The first part of the proposed typology covers only the concept of organizational culture which has been examined around qualitative and cognitive approaches. While the second part is related to the use of socio-cultural dimensions, the third part of the proposed typology covers universal cultural orientations (patterns) framework only. The outcome of this study is the presentation of a hybrid model which provides a comprehensive methodological framework for conducting culture research.Practical implications– The typology of culture developed in this study would be of help for researchers designing their studies on the subject of culture, socio-cultural dimensions and cultural patternings from more appropriate theoretical perspectives and methods.Originality/value– The theoretical framework in this study provides insight in selecting more suitable culture models to examine the subject in managerial organizational studies.
Bridging the transactional and relational view on management-stakeholder cooperation
Authors: Vos Janita , Achterkamp Marjolein C. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present a 2 × 2-perspective of management–stakeholder cooperation in organizational issues. The model encompasses the perspectives of both management and stakeholder and bridges the two dominant views in stakeholder thinking, namely, the transactional and the relational view.Design/methodology/approach– From a state-of-the-art elaboration of the stakeholder literature, this paper combines two separate perspectives on management–stakeholder cooperation.Findings– The bilateral perspective stresses that the ease of this collaboration not only depends on the willingness of management to pursue cooperation, but also on that of the stakeholder. The double-motive perspective signifies that both parties can be dominantly motivated by either individual, issue-based reasons (transactional motives) or by the desire to establish lasting relationships (relational motives).Originality/value– This paper presents a more elaborate picture of management–stakeholder cooperation by combining the transactional concept of stakeholder salience with the concepts “stakeholder reputation” and “management reputation” associated with the relational dimension.