bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Objective Structured Clinical Examination to Improve Formative Assessment for Senior Pediatrics Residents
Authors: Mangold Karen A. , Jeffers Justin M. , Burns Rebekah A. , Trainor Jennifer L. , Unti Sharon M. , Eppich Walter , Adler Mark D. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Residency programs are developing new methods to assess resident competence and to improve the quality of formative assessment and feedback to trainees. Simulation is a valuable tool for giving formative feedback to residents.

Objective
To develop an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to improve formative assessment of senior pediatrics residents.

Methods
We developed a multistation examination using various simulation formats to assess the skills of senior pediatrics residents in communication and acute resuscitation. We measured several logistical factors (staffing and program costs) to determine the feasibility of such a program.

Results
Thirty-one residents participated in the assessment program over a 3-month period. Residents received formative feedback comparing their performance to both a standard task checklist and to peers' performance. The program required 16 faculty members per session, and had a cost of $624 per resident.

Conclusions
A concentrated assessment program using simulation can be a valuable tool to assess residents' skills in communication and acute resuscitation and provide directed formative feedback. However, such a program requires considerable financial and staffing resources.
The Export-productivity Link for Brazilian Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Cirera Xavier , Lederman Daniel , Máñez Juan A. , Rochina María E. , Sanchis Juan A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper explores the link between exports and total factor productivity (TFP) in Brazilian manufacturing firms over the period 2000–2008. The Brazilian experience is instructive as it is a case of an economy that expanded aggregate exports significantly, but with stagnant aggregate TFP growth. The authors first estimate firm-level TFP under alternative assumptions (exogenous and endogenous law of motion for productivity) following Wooldridge’s (On estimating firm-level production functions using proxy variables to control for unobservables, 2009) GMM procedure. In turn, they use stochastic dominance techniques to assess whether the ex-ante most productive firms are those that start exporting (selfselection hypothesis). Finally, they test whether exporting boosts firms TFP growth (learningby- exporting hypothesis) using matching techniques, to control for the possibility that selection into exports may not be a random process. Their results confirm the self-selection hypothesis and show that starting to export yields an extra TFP growth that emerges since a firm’s first year of exporting but lasts only one year. Further, this extra TFP growth is much higher under the assumption of an endogenous law of motion for productivity, which reinforces the importance of accounting for firm export status to study the evolution of productivity.
One Health and Zoonoses: The Evolution of One Health and Incorporation of Zoonoses
Authors: Asokan Govindaraj V. 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Zoonotic disease outbreaks have surged in the last two decades. These include severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Hendra virus, Nipah virus, influenza viruses, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus, and ebola. One Health is the initiative of an inclusive collaboration linking human, animal, and environmental health. One Health is advocated through an intersectoral coordination to combat zoonoses, and the term has evolved over centuries. The primary aim of this literature review was to examine the change in the definition of the term One Health over time, particuarly following the the introduction of the latest definition in 2007 by the American Medical Association and the American Veterinary Medical Association.Methods: This review was conducted in four phases. The first phase consisted of a general PubMed search for the phrase “One Health” for every literature published up to December 2014. Then an advanced search was carried out using “One Health” in conjunction with the terms “zoonosis” and “zoonoses” in PubMed for the time period between January 2007 and December 2014. The articles found were then categorized based on the type of journals in which the articles were published. For the second phase, “One Health” was searched as a Medical subject heading (MeSH) term, which is the National Library of Medicine controlled vocabulary thesaurus used for indexing articles. In the third phase, One Health advocate organizations were found using Google search engine. During the final phase, One Health was searched in Google scholar, examined by Google trends, and analyzed by Google ngram.Results: Before 2007, One Health had many connotations to health in the medical literature with an incomplete adherence to the usage of One Health linking zoonoses. The Google trends analysis shows an overal steady increase of the search of One Health from 2007 to 2014, which is consistent with the findings of articles from Pubmed.Discussion: Our results indicate that the linkage between the terms One Health and zoonoses started in 2007, which correlates with the joint declaration made by the American Medical Association and the American Veterinary Medical Association in 2007. We suggest creating a MeSH term for One Health in the PubMed database to support more specific research on zoonoses, and exploring the possibility of a patent of the term One Health to support global health and evidence based public health.
Her Daily Bread: Food and Labor in Louisa May Alcott
Authors: DOLAN KATHRYN CORNELL 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the opening episode of Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women (1868–69), bread satisfies the March daughters’ hunger following their gift of “comfort” to the Hummels, a neighboring family in need. This scene demonstrates a recurring theme for Alcott, that of women and charity, sacrifice, and domesticity. Bread becomes significant in this scene specifically through its long domestic historicity. Indeed, women and bread are connected as early as the Gospel of Matthew, in a recipe for making bread. In this passage a woman increases the kingdom of heaven through her cooking skills. This expresses an ideal for Alcott throughout her successful books for children, which she refers to in Jo’s Boys as “moral pap for the young,” as well as her books for adults.3 Bread is a foodstuff as rich as all of western civilization, and Alcott works with this multiplicity of meanings in her writings. Throughout Alcott, bread represents food itself, the “daily bread” of labor, and the significantly different “daily bread” of true fulfillment, whether through religion, work, or self-sacrifice. John Matteson observes, “few books narrate more acts of unselfish generosity than Little Women.”4
Baudelaire’s Critique of Sculpture
Authors: Cusmariu Arnold 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Baudelaire’s provocatively titled article “Pourquoi la sculpture est ennuyeuse” (“Why Sculpture Is Boring,” 1846) has serious implications for sculpture. I state his objections in argument form; I present a response based on comments by fellow sculptor David Smith and explain why it is unsatisfactory; I propose and justify a paradigm shift, formulated with reasonable precision, that achieves a satisfactory resolution; and I note advantages of the new paradigm that are independent of the need to respond to Baudelaire. The paper has several audiences in mind. The new paradigm is illustrated with my own work, so other artists can see its benefits in concrete terms they can apply to their own work. Philosophers will see familiar theories and methods leading to progress in art. Art critics will come away with improved tools for understanding, evaluating, and explaining the aesthetics of the third dimension, tools also useful to art teachers. The general public will find the basics of a tutorial for enhancing the appreciation of sculpture.
Reading around the Narrator in Lee Smith’sOral History
Authors: Armstrong Rhonda 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLee Smith’s 1983 novel Oral History, which she identifies as a "story about storytelling," uses multiple narrators to call into question how stories develop over time. This article examines how Smith’s own narrative strategies effectively direct readers to mistrust their narrators, and to seek out alternative narratives within the text. Using the characters of Jennifer Bingham and Granny Younger as examples, this article argues that Smith encourages readers to search the text for what the narrator may be ignoring or omitting, thereby constructing an alternative narrative by "reading around" the narrator.
Re-Conceiving the Concept of Stewardship: Coal Production and the Importance of a New Christian Context for Appalachia
Authors: Jolly Marshall A. , Jones Clint 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In his essay, "The Unsettling of America," Wendell Berry suggests that instead of understanding our current ecological predicaments in terms of "conquerors and victims," we shift our language to "exploiters and nurturers." Berry argues that this subtle but important shift allows us to understand the current ideological divide, not only in terms of a division among people, but also in terms of a division of a person. A critical point of critique for our essay is how the fragmentation of Appalachia results in a fragmented citizenry that is divorced from sustaining ideas of stewardship, once held central to the ideals of Christianity-- at both the individual and communal levels. Our paper asks what would it mean for churches, and other religious organizations generally, to return to a revitalized concept of stewardship by utilizing Berry’s terminology--terminology that is laden with deeply theological meaning--in order to navigate the crisis generated by the coal industry in Appalachia. In particular, we examine the current rhetoric utilized by proponents of coal mining to contrive a context in which coal mining is environmentally, economically, and morally justifiable. This is especially pertinent in exposing "Friends of Coal," a public advocacy group that has been the primary organization driving the rhetorical context of Appalachian lives as more and more people outside Appalachia seek alternatives to coal for our country’s energy needs. By applying Berry’s terminology to this crisis, we contend that instead of understanding the crisis of coal production in terms of efficiency, numbers, quantities, and data, this crisis is better understood in terms of care, character, condition, quality, and kind.
Dispersal and Reproduction of Relocated Blacknose Dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) in an Acid-Mitigated Southern Appalachian Headwater Stream
Authors: Fitzgerald Alexandra M. , Trumbo Bradly A. , Kyger Chastine D. , Hudy Mark 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Species reintroductions are common among threatened and endangered species; however, nongame species are typically not the target of reintroduction efforts. In 2008, we reintroduced a common nongame species, blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus), into a previously acidified headwater stream, Mountain Run, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Acidic conditions extirpated species from Mountain Run’s headwaters by the 1970s, and brook trout reintroductions subsequent to acid mitigation were highly successful; however, attempts to reintroduce blacknose dace alongside brook trout in 1994-1995 were unsuccessful. In 2008, we collected 1,500 blacknose dace from approximately two kilometers (km) downstream of our study reach and released fish at three locations within our 1.45 km study reach. Fish were marked prior to release and recaptured via backpack electrofishing one month and twelve months post transplant to enumerate fish and document dispersal from release sites and spawning success. Blacknose dace dispersed up to 680 meters downstream from release sites one month post transplant. In 2009, one young-of-year and thirty-three adults were collected. Our effort was mildly successful, but we recommend greater attention to existing physicochemical habitat and food sources and establishing a long-term monitoring protocol prior to expending resources on a reintroduction effort.
Capitalizing on Distinctiveness: Creating West Virginia for a "New Economy"
Authors: Hoey Brian 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper explores use of images and ideas of place to promote particular social and economic agendas within the regional context of Appalachia. Despite prevailing imageries of backwardness and isolation that adhere to the region, as well as recent history of often-bleak economic conditions, communities such as Huntington, West Virginia, are ideal places to observe inventive forms of community-building, place-making, and place-marketing that borrow from emerging cultural and economic models and stand in sharp contrast to a once-dominant paradigm that encouraged capital investment by relying simply on tax breaks and the provision of cheap land and labor to attract large, typically industrial employers. This research examines efforts of local activists and others who simultaneously embrace and reject elements of long-standing characterizations of place and people of Appalachia in their attempts to creatively redefine the meaning and purpose of development in West Virginia. Employing a critical regionalism, this article contributes to interdisciplinary literatures of Appalachian studies as well as postindustrial economic restructuring through deepening our understanding of how components of variously competing and sympathetic discourses concerning Appalachia have practical consequences for building community and fostering economic development in the region in what many now call the "new economy."
Re-imagining a Nation: The Australian Dictionary of Biography Online
Authors: Arthur Paul Longley 
Published: July 2015

This essay investigates how the digital medium has recently enabled radicalchanges in the ways that national biography can be generated and engagedwith. It takes the position that national biography, whether or not it sets out todo so, reflects how a nation views itself. The Australian Dictionary of Biography(ADB) has been produced continuously for more than 50 years, and has cumulatively generated a story of a nation. The nature of that collective narrative, however, is not easy to discover. Now, as a result of the ADB’s recent adoption of digital formats, the potential for analysis of the biographies it contains has expanded exponentially, offering unprecedented research opportunities for investigating in new ways how the idea of nation itself has evolved in Australia.This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing in May 2014 and publidhed on 25 June 2015,
‘Inaccurate but Truthful’: Q&A with Screenwriter Peter Morgan
Authors: Lajta-Novak Julia , Huber Werner 
Published: July 2015

In the spring of 2014, the University of Vienna in cooperation with the Ludwig Boltzmann institute for the history and Theory of Biography in Vienna organised an interdisciplinary lecture series “The Many faces of Biography”. This lecture series brought together scholars and practitioners of various historical and recent biographical forms, focusing on the specificities and challenges posed by different biographical media. One of them was Peter Morgan, a major name in contemporary biographical film-making (and playwriting), noted for his characteristic dual-structure approach to writing lives for the screen. During one of the sessions of the lecture series he was interviewed by Julia Novak and Werner Huber about some of his most famous work, such as The Deal (2003), The Queen (2006), Frost/Nixon (2008), The Other Boleyn Girl (2008), and Rush (2013). In this Q&A he shed light on the principles guiding the screenwriter-biographer’s work, his conflicting responsibilities towards biographee and audience, and the biopic’s potential to impact on the fame and after-fame of historical and contemporary celebrities.
This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on 28 Februay 2015 and published on 6 July 2015. A second version of this article was uploaded, with one minor alteration, on 12 August 2015.
Paediatric HIV treatment failure: a silent epidemic
Authors: Bernheimer Jonathan M , Patten Gem , Makeleni Thembisa , Mantangana Nompumelelo , Dumile Nombasa , Goemaere Eric , Cox Vivian 
Published: July 2015

Paediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) failure is an under‐recognized issue that receives inadequate attention in the field of paediatrics and within HIV treatment programmes. With paediatric ART failure rates ranging from 19.3% to over 32% in resource limited settings, a comprehensive evaluation of the causes of failure along with approaches to address barriers to treatment adherence are urgently needed.In partnership with the local Department of Health, a pilot programme has been established by Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) in Khayelitsha, South Africa, to identify and support paediatric HIV patients with high viral loads and potential treatment failure. Through detailed clinical and psychosocial evaluations and adherence support with an innovative counselling model, treatment barriers are identified and addressed.Demographic and clinical characteristics from the cohort show a delayed median start date for ART, prolonged viraemia including a large number of patients who have never achieved viral load (VL) suppression, a low rate of regimen changes despite failure, and a high percentage of pre‐adolescent and adolescent patients who have not gone through the disclosure process.Stemming this epidemic of paediatric treatment failure requires programmatic responses to high viral loads in children, starting with improved “case finding” of previously undiagnosed HIV‐infected children and adolescents. Viral load testing needs to be prioritized over CD4 count monitoring, and flagging systems to identify high VL results should be developed in clinics. Clinicians must understand that successful treatment begins with good adherence, and that simple adherence support strategies can often dramatically improve adherence. Moreover, appropriate adherence counselling should begin not when the child fails to respond to treatment. Establishing good adherence from the beginning of treatment, and supporting ongoing adherence during the milestones in these children's lives is key to sustaining treatment success in this vulnerable HIV‐infected patient population.
Industry Competition Structure, Market Power, and Stock Price Crash Risk
Authors: Xin Yu , Gu Xiaolong , Li Tianyu 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper analyses the relationship between competition (industry competition structure, market power, excessive size) and stock price crash risk in Chinese A-share listed companies. We find that (1) industry concentration or monopoly is positively related with stock price crash risk; (2) a balanced industry competition structure helps to mitigate stock price crash risk; and (3) excessive firm size (firm size adjusted by industry average) has moderating effects on the relation between market power and stock price crash risk. The empirical results of this study suggest that large companies should be prevented from using their market power to increase their monopoly so as to avoid competition imbalance.
Quantitative Ultrasound Comparison of MAT and 4T1 Mammary Tumors in Mice and Rats Across Multiple Imaging Systems
Authors: Wirtzfeld Lauren A. , Ghoshal Goutam , Rosado-Mendez Ivan M. , Nam Kibo , Park Yeonjoo , Pawlicki Alexander D. , Miller Rita J. , Simpson Douglas G. , Zagzebski James A. , Oelze Michael L. , Hall Timothy J. , O'Brien William D. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesQuantitative ultrasound estimates such as the frequency‐dependent backscatter coefficient (BSC) have the potential to enhance noninvasive tissue characterization and to identify tumors better than traditional B‐mode imaging. Thus, investigating system independence of BSC estimates from multiple imaging platforms is important for assessing their capabilities to detect tissue differences.MethodsMouse and rat mammary tumor models, 4T1 and MAT, respectively, were used in a comparative experiment using 3 imaging systems (Siemens, Ultrasonix, and VisualSonics) with 5 different transducers covering a range of ultrasonic frequencies.ResultsFunctional analysis of variance of the MAT and 4T1 BSC‐versus‐frequency curves revealed statistically significant differences between the two tumor types. Variations also were found among results from different transducers, attributable to frequency range effects. At 3 to 8 MHz, tumor BSC functions using different systems showed no differences between tumor type, but at 10 to 20 MHz, there were differences between 4T1 and MAT tumors. Fitting an average spline model to the combined BSC estimates (3–22 MHz) demonstrated that the BSC differences between tumors increased with increasing frequency, with the greatest separation above 15 MHz. Confining the analysis to larger tumors resulted in better discrimination over a wider bandwidth.ConclusionsConfining the comparison to higher ultrasonic frequencies or larger tumor sizes allowed for separation of BSC‐versus‐frequency curves from 4T1 and MAT tumors. These constraints ensure that a greater fraction of the backscattered signals originated from within the tumor, thus demonstrating that statistically significant tumor differences were detected.
Utility of a Single 3‐Vessel View in the Evaluation of the Ventricular Outflow Tracts
Authors: Brandt Justin S. , Wang Eileen , Rychik Jack , Soffer Debbra , McCann Margaret L. , Schwartz Nadav 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesPrenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease can improve neonatal outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of an isolated 3‐vessel view image in evaluating the ventricular outflow tracts.MethodsThree‐vessel view images were prospectively collected from consecutive patients referred to a regional fetal heart center for fetal echocardiography between gestational ages of 18 weeks and 23 weeks 6 days. Cardiac malformations were categorized as anomalies of the outflow tracts, the 4‐chamber view, or combined lesions. A single representative still‐frame 3‐vessel view image was reviewed by 2 independent and blinded observers who were asked to label each image as “normal” or “abnormal.” Test characteristics of the isolated 3‐vessel view were calculated.ResultsDuring the study period, 122 consecutive patients (139 fetuses) underwent fetal echocardiography. Eight fetuses with fetal chest anomalies and 12 fetuses with oblique images were excluded. Thirty‐four of 119 fetuses (28.6%) had abnormal echocardiograms, including 11 outflow tract anomalies and 16 combined anomalies. Using the 3‐vessel view alone, both reviewers achieved 91% sensitivity for the detection of isolated outflow tract anomalies and mean sensitivity of 88% for combined anomalies. All cases of tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries were identified in the 3‐vessel view.ConclusionsA single 3‐vessel view image can serve as a representative view of the outflow tracts and can show ventricular outflow tract anomalies with high sensitivity. Given that the conventional outflow tract views can be difficult to obtain, the 3‐vessel view may serve as an effective first‐line view when evaluating the ventricular outflow tracts for congenital heart disease.