bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of cultivar, sowing date and transplant location in field on bolting of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosumL.)
Authors: Dong Yinxin , Cheng Zhihui , Meng Huanwen , Liu Hanqiang , Wu Cuinan , Khan Abdul Rehman 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Bolting reduces the quality and commercial yield of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) in production. However, seed production is directly dependent on flower induction and bolting. The Welsh onion belongs to the green plant vernalisation type, specific seedling characteristics and sufficient accumulated time at low temperature are indispensible for the completion of its vernalisation process. Only if these conditions for vernalisation are fulfilled, the plants will bolt in the following year. The present investigation evaluated the effects of cultivar, sowing date and transplant location in field on the bolting of Welsh onion at the Horticultural Farm of the College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi Province, China in two succeeding production years: 2010–2011 and 2011–2012. A strip split plot layout within a randomised complete block design with three replications was used.

Results
The results revealed that all three factors (cultivar, sowing date and transplant location) and their interaction had significant effects on the initiation and final rate of bolting observed by 30 April. The earliest bolting date (14 February, 2011 and 15 February, 2012) and the highest bolting rate (100% in 2011 and 62% in 2012) occurred when the JinGuan cultivar was sown on 20 August and transplanted in a plastic tunnel, whereas the latest date and lowest rate (no bolting observed until 30 April) of bolting occurred when the XiaHei cultivar was sown on 29 September and transplanted in an open field.

Conclusions
These results suggest that we can control bolting in Welsh onion production by choosing an appropriate cultivar, sowing date and transplant location. Choosing a late bolting cultivar, such as cultivar XiaHei, sowing around October, and transplanting in the open field can significantly delay bolting, while a sowing date in late August should be selected for seed production, and the seedlings should be transplanted in a plastic tunnel to accelerate development of the flower buds.
Stable superhydrophobic surface of hierarchical carbon nanotubes on Si micropillar arrays
Authors: He Shaoqing , Wei Jinquan , Wang Haifan , Sun Deshun , Yao Zhaohui , Fu Chengsong , Xu Ruiqiao , Jia Yi , Zhu Hongwei , Wang Kunlin , Wu Dehai 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
It is of great importance to construct a stable superhydrophobic surface with low sliding angle (SA) for various applications. We used hydrophobic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to construct the superhydrophobic hierarchical architecture of CNTs on silicon micropillar array (CNTs/Si-μp), which have a large contact angle of 153° to 155° and an ultralow SA of 3° to 5°. Small water droplets with a volume larger than 0.3 μL can slide on the CNTs/Si-μp with a tilted angle of approximately 5°. The CNTs growing on planar Si wafer lose their superhydrophobic properties after exposing to tiny water droplets. However, the CNTs/Si-μp still show superhydrophobic properties even after wetting using tiny water droplets. The CNTs/Si-μp still have a hierarchical structure after wetting, resulting in a stable superhydrophobic surface.
NaviCell: a web-based environment for navigation, curation and maintenance of large molecular interaction maps
Authors: Kuperstein Inna , Cohen David PA , Pook Stuart , Viara Eric , Calzone Laurence , Barillot Emmanuel , Zinovyev Andrei 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Molecular biology knowledge can be formalized and systematically represented in a computer-readable form as a comprehensive map of molecular interactions. There exist an increasing number of maps of molecular interactions containing detailed and step-wise description of various cell mechanisms. It is difficult to explore these large maps, to organize discussion of their content and to maintain them. Several efforts were recently made to combine these capabilities together in one environment, and NaviCell is one of them.

Results
NaviCell is a web-based environment for exploiting large maps of molecular interactions, created in CellDesigner, allowing their easy exploration, curation and maintenance. It is characterized by a combination of three essential features: (1) efficient map browsing based on Google Maps; (2) semantic zooming for viewing different levels of details or of abstraction of the map and (3) integrated web-based blog for collecting community feedback. NaviCell can be easily used by experts in the field of molecular biology for studying molecular entities of interest in the context of signaling pathways and crosstalk between pathways within a global signaling network. NaviCell allows both exploration of detailed molecular mechanisms represented on the map and a more abstract view of the map up to a top-level modular representation. NaviCell greatly facilitates curation, maintenance and updating the comprehensive maps of molecular interactions in an interactive and user-friendly fashion due to an imbedded blogging system.

Conclusions
NaviCell provides user-friendly exploration of large-scale maps of molecular interactions, thanks to Google Maps and WordPress interfaces, with which many users are already familiar. Semantic zooming which is used for navigating geographical maps is adopted for molecular maps in NaviCell, making any level of visualization readable. In addition, NaviCell provides a framework for community-based curation of maps.
Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with avian leukosis virus subgroup J
Authors: Yang Falong , Lei Xiaowen , Rodriguez-Palacios Alexander , Tang Cheng , Yue Hua 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The selection of stably expressed reference genes is a prerequisite when evaluating gene expression, via real-time PCR, in cells in response to viral infections. The objective of our study was to identify suitable reference genes for mRNA expression analysis in chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF) after infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J).

Findings
The expression levels of 11 potential reference genes in CEF infected with ALV-J were determined by real-time PCR. The expression stability of these genes were analyzed and ranked using the geNorm tool. Analysis indicated that the genes RPL30 (ribosomal protein L30) and SDHA (succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A) were the most stably expressed genes in the ALV-J infected CEF.

Conclusions
The RPL30 and SDHA were deemed suitable for use as reference genes for real-time PCR analysis of mRNA gene expression during ALV-J infection, whereas commonly used ACTB and GAPDH are unsuitable to be reference genes.
Repeated autologous intraarticular blood injections as an animal model for joint pain in haemophilic arthropathy
Authors: Boettger Michael Karl , Krucker Susanne , Gajda Mieczyslaw , Schaible Hans-Georg , Hilberg Thomas 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Haemophilic arthropathy following recurrent joint bleedings is one of the major disease-related complications in people with haemophilia (PWH), leading to mostly chronic joint pain. Since many antinociceptive principles interfere with the clotting system, PWH are restricted in treatment options, thereby defining a medical need for novel therapeutic principles. However, we lack the availability of an animal model for joint pain in haemophilic arthropathy for testing these.

Methods
In this study, we aimed to validate the rat model of repeated autologous intraarticular blood injections specifically for pain-related behavior. During an observation period of 50 days, groups of animals were injected weekly into one knee joint with either whole blood or cellular/plasma components.

Results
Injections induced primary hyperalgesia starting after the third injection, accompanied by mild functional gait changes and joint swelling. Secondary hyperalgesia and quantitative gait disturbances were not observed. This phenotype was most prominent in whole blood injected animals, with effect sizes of cells and plasma being additive. In order to differentiate haemophilia-related arthropathy from traumatic joint bleeding, another group was injected with whole blood only once, which did not cause any alterations.

Conclusions
Repeated autologous intraarticular injections of blood showed a time course, inflammatory response and reduction in pain thresholds similar to the signs and symptoms observed in PWH. Therefore, this model may be utilised in the future for testing novel antinociceptive principles in haemophilia-associated joint pain.
Repeatability issues of high-frequency signals emitted by air-gun arrays
Authors: Landrø Martin , Amundsen Lasse , Langhammer Jan 
Published: October 2013

Recent field measurements of the acoustic signals generated by marine seismic air-gun arrays showed that the amount of high-frequency signals (above 10 kHz) increased with the size and total volume of the gun array. We found that for frequencies between 10 and 20 kHz, a strong signal is observed 7–14 ms after the main peak of the source signal. We believe that this signal was generated by ghost cavitation. We observed that this signal was significantly stronger than the high-frequency signal generated at the same time as the peak signal occurs within the bandwidth between 10 and 20 kHz. We found that this high-frequency signal was fairly repeatable from one shot to another. By “fairly,” we mean that individual high-frequency events were not repeatable; however, the envelope energy of this cascade of events was repeatable from one shot to another. The typical feature of the envelope of the high-frequency signal was that it lasted for approximately 6–7 ms and showed a monotonic increase in amplitude for the first 5–6 ms, followed by a sudden drop. The sea surface reflection coefficient for these high-frequency events seemed to decrease in magnitude as the frequency increased.
Digitalisierung in der ULB Halle: Prozesse, Kosten, Ergebnisse am Beispiel der Pilotphase des VD 18
Authors: Sommer Dorothea 
Published: October 2013

Zusammenfassung
In dem Beitrag1 werden die an der ULB Halle durchgeführten Digitalisierungsprozesse für verschiedene elektronische Geschäftsgänge dargelegt. Hierbei wird die Rolle und Bedeutung von Strukturdaten für die Erschließung von Netzpublikationen besonders erörtert. Die bei Digitalisierungsverfahren entstehenden Kosten werden exemplarisch am Beispiel der Pilotphase des VD 18 untersucht. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf einer Kosten-Leistungsrechnung, die parallel während des Projekts in den Pilotbibliotheken durchgeführt wurde, um einen Vergleich der zum Einsatz kommenden technischen Verfahren und eine Kalkulation der Kosten für das Gesamtprojekt anhand von Praxiswerten zu ermöglichen.
Optimizing the purification and analysis of miRNAs from urinary exosomes
Authors: Channavajjhala Sarath Kiran , Rossato Marzia , Morandini Francesca , Castagna Annalisa , Pizzolo Francesca , Bazzoni Flavia , Olivieri Oliviero 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background: Exosomes are cytoplasm containing vesicles released by many cells that can be found in several biological fluids including urine. Urinary exosomes are released from every segment of the nephron, are detectable in urine, constitutively contain RNA (small RNAs and mRNAs) and harbor unique subset of proteins, reflecting their cellular source.

Methods: With the aim of establishing the optimal protocol for high throughput analysis of exosomal miRNAs, we compared three different urinary exosomes isolation methods and six RNA extraction techniques. Exosomal RNA yield, size and quality were assessed respectively by specific staining with fluorescent dye, capillary electrophoresis and analysis of spectrophotometric parameters. MiRNAs detection and abundance was determined by RT-qPCR.

Results: Among the exosomes isolation methods, Ultrafiltration resulted to be the most suited. The highest exosomal RNA yield quantified by RiboGreen® staining was obtained with the combination of TRI Reagent™ with miRNeasy®, followed by TRI Reagent™, SeraMir™, miRCURY™, mirVana™ and miRNeasy®; but after a multivariate analysis, SeraMir™ scored as the method of choice in terms of miRNA yield, purity and RT-qPCR miRNAs quantification accuracy. Storage conditions were also analyzed, showing that the relative abundance of urinary exosomal miRNAs is not influenced by urine freezing.

Conclusions: The selection of appropriate urinary exosomal miRNA isolation method was dependent on various validation results. Ultrafiltration in combination with SeraMir™ exoRNA columns represents the optimal procedure for a rapid, cost-effective and efficient purification of miRNAs from urinary exosomes, perfectly suited for further applicative research in the field of miRNAs in kidney physiology and pathology.
Comparison of electron energy-loss and quantitative optical spectroscopy on individual optical gold antennas
Authors: Husnik Martin , von Cube Felix , Irsen Stephan , Linden Stefan , Niegemann Jens , Busch Kurt , Wegener Martin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUsing a rather large set of different individual metallic optical antennas, we compare directly measured electron energy-loss spectra with measured quantitative optical extinction and scattering cross-section spectra on the identical antennas. All antenna resonances lie near 1.4 µm wavelength. In contrast to other reports, we find identical resonance positions for electrons and photons to within the experimental errors. We discuss possible artifacts which can lead to seemingly different resonance positions in experiments. Our experimental results agree well with complete numerical calculations of both sorts of spectra.
Association Between Loss of Dp140 and Cognitive Impairment in Duchenne and Becker Dystrophies
Authors: Chamova T , Guergueltcheva V , Raycheva M , Todorov T , Genova J , Bichev S , Bojinova V , Mitev V , Tournev I , Todorova A 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The presence of variable degrees of non progressive cognitive impairment is recognized as a clinical feature of patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD and BMD), but its pathogenesis still remains a matter of debate. A number of findings have proved that rearrangements located in the second part of the dystrophin (DMD) gene seem to be preferentially associated with cognitive impairment. Dp140 is a distal dystrophin isoform, mainly expressed during fetal brain development, whose role for neuropsychological functioning was suggested.
The aims of the current study were to explore the possible association between cognitive impairment and DNA mutations affecting the regulatory regions of Dp140, as well as to compare the neuropsychological functioning of patients affected with DMD and Intermediate muscular dystrophy (IMD) with those affected by Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). Fiftythree patients genetically diagnosed with DMD, IMD and BMD, subdivided according to sites of mutations along the DMD gene, underwent a neuropsychological assessment, evaluating their general cognitive abilities, verbal memory, attention and executive functions. Twenty patients with mutations, terminating in exon 44 or starting at exon 45 were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of microsatellites STR44, SK12, SK21 and P20 DXS269, in order to evaluate the integrity of the Dp140 promoter region.
According to our statistical results, there was not a significant difference in terms of general intelligence between the allelic forms of the disease, a higher frequency of mental retardation was observed in DMD patients. The patients with BMD had better results on tests, measuring long-term verbal learning memory and executive functions. We found that patients lacking Dp140 performed more poorly on all neuropsychological tests compared to those with preserved Dp140. Overall, our findings suggest that the loss of Dp140 is associated with a higher risk of intellectual impairment among patients with dystrophinopathies and highlights the possible role of this distal isoform in normal cognitive development.
Outbreak of protothecal mastitis in a herd of dairy cows in Poland
Authors: Wawron Władysław , Bochniarz Mariola , Piech Tomasz , Łopuszyński Wojciech , Wysocki Jerzy 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The study was carried out in a herd of 280 dairy cows in the North-Eastern part of Poland in the summer of 2011. During the period of 5-6 months before the study, mastitis cases resistant to routine antibiotic therapy were observed in this herd. Bacteriological examination of 280 milk samples collected from 70 cows with clinical or subclinical forms of mastitis was performed. Diagnosis of mastitis was made on the basis of anamnesis, clinical examination of the udder, macroscopic evaluation of secretion, California mastitis test (CMT), and results of bacteriological examination of milk. Protothecal mastitis was detected in 34 cows (12.6% of all cows in the herd). Algae belonging to Prototheca zopfii were isolated from 27 milk samples in pure cultures; in the remaining seven samples, mixed infections were identified (P. zopfii and Staphylococcus sp.). The acute form accompanied by elevated body temperature (40 C), pain and hot oedema of the udder, loss of appetite, and reluctance to move were observed in two cows immediately after delivery. The similar symptoms were also noted in three cows with mixed infections. The chronic form of protothecal mastitis was characterised by pasty oedema in the udder of slight painfulness and hard tissue consistency, as well as markedly reduced milk secretion. The macro- and microscopic changes in the mammary tissue was indicative of chronic, fusing microgranulomatous interstitial mastitis protothecosa.
Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxins at different stages of production of raw milk cheeses - preliminary results
Authors: Rola Jolanta G. , Korpysa-Dzirba Weronika , Osek Jacek 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify the potential sources of contamination of traditionally made cheeses during their production with Staphylococcus aureus . The samples were collected at nine dairy farms at different points of manufacturing the cheeses. Isolation and enumeration of coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) on Baird- Parker RPF agar was conducted, and detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) was performed using ELISA and ELFA. The genes encoding SEs were identified by PCR. CPS were isolated from 51 samples with the highest level of contamination in mature cheese up to 107 CFU g-1. No SEs were detected in tested samples; however, enterotoxic CPS strains were found.
Rising Myanmar: US involvement, power rivalry and new hopes for Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Ishtiaque 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
President Obama’s symbolic and landmark visit to Myanmar bolsters the U.S. policy shift in Asia; an extremely significant step to firm up his Asia-Pacific policy, often described as a “pivot” to the region. Analysts have termed this visit a perfect fit in the larger geopolitical chess game by the Obama administration, which has sought to counter rising Chinese assertiveness by engaging its neighbours. With the transfer of power from an authoritarian government to a civilian one in March 2011, Myanmar embarked on a slow political liberalization. As Myanmar emerges from decades of isolation it generates much hope for the global and regional communities. Being the only other neighbour of Bangladesh besides India, Myanmar can usher new hope and possibilities for Bangladesh since both countries have outstanding issues. This article briefly tries to assess the underlying setting of the U.S. policy shift in greater Southeast Asia and particularly in Myanmar, the significance of this visit, how the other contenders of influence eye this increasing U.S. involvement, and finally the benefits it may yield for its neighbours, especially Bangladesh.
Study on Properties of Alloys with Gallium, Antimony and Zinc from Recycling
Authors: Dervišević Irma , Minić Duško , Kolarević Milan , Kamberović Željko , Ristić Mirjana 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Alloys with gallium, antimony and zinc, whose elements, metal constituent WEEE (they are specified for mobile phones) are particularly important for developing photoelectron devices, simple reproductive methods of producing p-n structures GaSb, also for production and construction of photo-wave cells in solar panels and they are also processes which develop ceramic semiconductors. In addition, these alloys represent possible substitute for standard lead-tin seam. For the complete definition of the properties of the ternary Ga-Sb-Zn system there were performed many researches of the alloys. The microstructures of the alloys were investigated by usage of SEM with EDS and optic microscopy. By usage of CALPHAD method there was detected the isothermal cross-section at 25ºC. The GaSb has similarities in the properties and behaviour with GaAs, and it is a potential material for the construction of the p-n diode, the photo-wave and thermo-photo-wave cells in solar panels and LCDs. Newly developed materials have been recommended as an adequate replacement for lead and arsenic, which are very dangerous and harmful metals.
Calibrated Hot-Deck Donor Imputation Subject to Edit Restrictions
Authors: Coutinho Wieger , Waal Ton de , Shlomo Natalie 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A major challenge faced by basically all institutes that collect statistical data on persons, households or enterprises is that data may be missing in the observed data sets. The most common solution for handling missing data is imputation. Imputation is complicated owing to the existence of constraints in the form of edit restrictions that have to be satisfied by the data. Examples of such edit restrictions are that someone who is less than 16 years old cannot be married in the Netherlands, and that someone whose marital status is unmarried cannot be the spouse of the head of household. Records that do not satisfy these edits are inconsistent, and are hence considered incorrect. A further complication when imputing categorical data is that the frequencies of certain categories are sometimes known from other sources or have previously been estimated. In this article we develop imputation methods for imputing missing values in categorical data that take both the edit restrictions and known frequencies into account.
Differentiation of Local Housing Markets in the Poznań Suburban Area
Authors: Tanaś Justyna 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a strong interest in land intended for single-family housing in the suburban zones of big cities. This is strongly related to the suburbanization process. In the present study, the author endeavored to present the differentiation of local markets of undeveloped real estate intended for single-family housing in the suburban zones of Poznań. Notary deeds related to sales transactions in the segment of undeveloped land plots were the basic source of information used in the article. The article shortly discusses the specifics of the land market in the suburban zone, presents the research method (the nature of the real estate prices index) and then, creates a regression function of plot prices and indicates hedonic prices for undeveloped plots intended for single-family housing in particular communes. Finally, it seeks to define the similarities and differences within the local undeveloped property market in the Poznań agglomeration.