bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A taxonomy of seven‐day readmissions to an urban teaching hospital
Authors: Burke Daniel , Link Nate , Bails Douglas , Fang Yixin , Janjigian Michael P. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDUnderstanding the mechanism of unplanned hospital readmissions is necessary for accurate prediction and prevention.OBJECTIVETo identify specific mechanisms of unplanned readmissions through medical narratives obtained from chart reviews.DESIGNRetrospective chart review.SETTINGUrban tertiary care hospital.PATIENTSTwo hundred seventy patients accounted for 335 unplanned 7‐day readmissions between July 2010 and July 2011.MEASUREMENTSReadmissions were classified into 1 of 5 distinct categories.RESULTSReadmitted subjects were more likely to have had a longer length of stay during the first admission compared to nonreadmitted patients. Readmissions due to unpredictable/unpreventable complications or unrelated events constituted the highest percentage at 46%. Readmissions due to patient factors such as substance abuse, signing out against medical advice, or nonadherence to the treatment plan constituted 31%. Readmissions designated as preventable accounted for 24%. Among preventable readmissions, the most common cause was incomplete management of the index diagnosis. The interobserver level of agreement across the 5 major categories was substantial.CONCLUSIONSWe found through detailed chart review of patients readmitted within 7 days to an urban teaching hospital that the majority of readmissions were not avoidable and were often due to unpredictable or unpreventable complications of the primary diagnosis from the index hospitalization or to patient behaviors that contradicted the treatment plan. These results question the value of readmissions as a valid metric of quality and support future interventions in hospital systems to reduce preventable readmissions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:33–38. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Effects of wolf removal on livestock depredation recurrence and wolf recovery in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming
Authors: Bradley Elizabeth H. , Robinson Hugh S. , Bangs Edward E. , Kunkel Kyran , Jimenez Michael D. , Gude Justin A. , Grimm Todd 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWolf (Canis lupus) predation on livestock and management methods used to mitigate conflicts are highly controversial and scrutinized especially where wolf populations are recovering. Wolves are commonly removed from a local area in attempts to reduce further depredations, but the effectiveness of such management actions is poorly understood. We compared the effects of 3 management responses to livestock depredation by wolf packs in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming: no removal, partial pack removal, and full pack removal. We examined the effectiveness of each management response in reducing further depredations using a conditional recurrent event model. From 1989 to 2008, we documented 967 depredations by 156 packs: 228 on sheep and 739 on cattle and other stock. Median time between recurrent depredations was 19 days following no removal (n = 593), 64 days following partial pack removal (n = 326), and 730 days following full pack removal (n = 48; recurring depredations were made by the next pack to occupy the territory). Compared to no removal, full pack removal reduced the occurrence of subsequent depredations by 79% (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.21, P < 0.001) over a span of 1,850 days (5 years), whereas partial pack removal reduced the occurrence of subsequent depredations by 29% (HR = 0.71, P < 0.001) over the same period. Partial pack removal was most effective if conducted within the first 7 days following depredation, after which there was only a marginally significant difference between partial pack removal and no action (HR = 0.86, P = 0.07), and no difference after 14 days (HR = 0.99, P = 0.93). Within partial pack removal, we found no difference in depredation recurrence when a breeding female (HR = 0.64, P = 0.2) or ≥1‐year‐old male was removed (HR = 1.0, P = 0.99). The relative effect of all treatments was generally consistent across seasons (spring, summer grazing, and winter) and type of livestock. Ultimately, pack size was the best predictor of a recurrent depredation event; the probability of a depredation event recurring within 5 years increased by 7% for each animal left in the pack after the management response. However, the greater the number of wolves left in a pack, the higher the likelihood the pack met federal criteria to count as a breeding pair the following year toward population recovery goals. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Unimolecular Reaction Properties for the Long‐Chain Alkenyl Radicals
Authors: Bian Huiting , Wang Zhaohui , Zhang Feng , Wang Zhandong , Zhu Jiping 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough alkenyl radicals are important intermediates involved in both alkanes and alkenes combustion, previous kinetic studies on them are very limited, especially for the long‐chain alkenyl radicals. To deeply investigate unimolecular reaction activities of long‐chain alkenyl radicals, a series of octenyl (C8H15) radicals were chosen to study the reaction kinetics of three typical types of reactions (i.e., intramolecular radical addition, internal H‐migration, and bond dissociation) in this work. The CBS‐QB3 method was used to build potential energy surfaces for these reactions, and the transition state theory was applied to obtain the high‐pressure limit rate constants. Some general rules are observed from our systematic calculations in respect of structure–activity relationships.
Highly Flexible, Tough, and Self‐Healing Supramolecular Polymeric Materials Using Host–Guest Interaction
Authors: Nakahata Masaki , Takashima Yoshinori , Harada Akira 
Published: September 2015

Flexible, tough, and self‐healable polymeric materials are promising to be a solution to the energy problem by substituting for conventional heavy materials. A fusion of supramolecular chemistry and polymer chemistry is a powerful method to create such intelligent materials. Here, a supramolecular polymeric material using multipoint molecular recognition between cyclodextrin (CD) and hydrophobic guest molecules at polymer side chain is reported. A transparent, flexible, and tough hydrogel (host–guest gel) is formed by a simple preparation procedure. The host–guest gel shows self‐healing property in both wet state and dry state due to reversible nature of host–guest interaction. The practical utility of the host–guest gel as a scratch curable coating is demonstrated.
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Long‐term complications of continent cutaneous urinary diversion in adult spinal cord injured patients
Authors: Perrouin‐Verbe Marie‐Aimée , Chartier‐Kastler Emmanuel , Even Alexia , Denys Pierre , Rouprêt Morgan , Phé Véronique 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo report the long‐term complications of continent cutaneous urinary diversion(CCUD) in spinal cord injured(SCI) patients unable to perform intermittent self‐catheterization(ISC) through the urethra.Materials and MethodsBetween July 2001 and January 2012, adult SCI patients with a neurogenic bladder who underwent CCUD according to Mitrofanoff's/Monti's/Casale's principle were enrolled. A concomitant supratrigonal and augmentation enterocystoplasty were performed because of refractory detrusor overactivity or low bladder compliance. Early postoperative complications were reported according to Clavien‐Dindo classification. Long‐term complications, stomal and urethral continence, renal function, urodynamic parameters and quality‐of‐life were assessed.ResultsOverall, 29 consecutive SCI patients were included, median age 35 years (IQR 26–46). Median follow‐up time was 66 months (IQR 50–80). Two post‐operative severe complications (grade III–IV) were reported. One patient had a stomal stenosis and another patient a tube stenosis. Both were treated by dilation. Two patients developed fistulae between the tube and the skin and required a surgical treatment. Three patients had bladder stones managed with endoscopy. Two patients had remnant stress urine leakage through the urethra, which was treated surgically: one received periurethral balloons(ACTTM) and one a tension‐free vaginal tape. Creatinine clearance remained stable postoperatively. Urodynamic parameters were significantly improved. At last follow‐up, 100% of patients had a catheterizable continent stoma and urethral continence was achieved in 96%. An improvement of quality‐of‐life was reported by 90% of patients.ConclusionsCCUD allowed these patients to keep ISC as a voiding pattern and to be continent without any appliance. The main complications were related to the tube and to bladder enlargement; thus, annual monitoring is required. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:1046–1050, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intensified Chemotherapy With Dexrazoxane Cardioprotection in Newly Diagnosed Nonmetastatic Osteosarcoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Schwartz Cindy L. , Wexler Leonard H. , Krailo Mark D. , Teot Lisa A. , Devidas Meenakshi , Steinherz Laurel J. , Goorin Allen M. , Gebhardt Mark C. , Healey John H. , Sato Judith K. , Meyers Paul A. , Grier Holcombe E. , Bernstein Mark L. , Lipshultz Steven E. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundAlthough chemotherapy has improved outcome of osteosarcoma, 30–40% of patients succumb to this disease. Survivors experience substantial morbidity and mortality from anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity. We hypothesized that the cardioprotectant dexrazoxane would (i) support escalation of the cumulative doxorubicin dose (600 mg/m2) and (ii) not interfere with the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy measured by necrosis grading in comparison to historical control data.ProcedureChildren and adolescents with nonmetastatic osteosarcoma were treated with MAP (methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin) or MAPI (MAP/ifosfamide). Dexrazoxane was administered with all doxorubicin doses. Cardioprotection was assessed by measuring left ventricular fractional shortening. Interference with chemotherapy‐induced cytotoxicity was determined by measuring tumor necrosis after induction chemotherapy. Feasibility of intensifying therapy with either high cumulative‐dose doxorubicin or high‐dose ifosfamide/etoposide was evaluated for “standard responders” (SR, <98% tumor necrosis at definitive surgery).ResultsDexrazoxane did not compromise response to induction chemotherapy. With doxorubicin (450–600 mg/m2) and dexrazoxane, grade 1 or 2 left ventricular dysfunction occurred in five patients; 4/5 had transient effects. Left ventricular fractional shortening z‐scores (FSZ) showed minimal reductions (0.0170  ±  0.009/week) over 78 weeks. Two patients (<1%) had secondary leukemia, one as a first event, a similar rate to what has been observed in prior trials. Intensification with high‐dose ifosfamide/etoposide was also feasible.ConclusionsDexrazoxane cardioprotection was safely administered. It did not impair tumor response or increase the risk of secondary malignancy. Dexrazoxane allowed for therapeutic intensification increasing the cumulative doxorubicin dose in SR to induction chemotherapy. These findings support the use of dexrazoxane in children and adolescents with osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Analysis of Treosulfan Conditioning Before Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children and Adolescents With Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Boztug Heidrun , Sykora Karl‐Walter , Slatter Mary , Zecca Marco , Veys Paul , Lankester Arjan , Cant Andrew , Skinner Roderick , Wachowiak Jacek , Glogova Evgenia , Pötschger Ulrike , Peters Christina 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundStandard myeloablative conditioning regimens for children with hematological malignancies undergoing allogeneic HSCT are based mainly on total body irradiation or busulfan. Their serious short‐ and long‐term side effects warranted the exploration of less toxic alternatives. Treosulfan is increasingly used for adults and children before HSCT due to its potent immunosuppressive and cytotoxic effects combined with low organ toxicity.ProcedureTo further investigate the role of treosulfan conditioning in children, the EBMT Pediatric diseases working party performed a retrospective analysis of 193 children with hematological malignancies (ALL n = 71, AML n = 47, MDS/MPS n = 40, other leukemia/lymphoma n = 25) undergoing allogeneic HSCT following treosulfan between January 2005 and July 2010.ResultsEarly regimen‐related toxicity was low and mainly gastrointestinal. Veno‐occlusive disease and neurological toxicity were rare. There was no association of toxicity with type of disease or treosulfan dose. High‐grade early toxicity was not higher in infants or patients undergoing second or later transplantation. Treatment related mortality was low at 14%. Three‐year event‐free survival was 45 ± 4% and not significantly influenced by number of transplants, however it appeared to be significantly better for infants (P = 0.022). When compared to treosulfan plus fludarabine, the combination of treosulfan, fludarabine and an alkylator (either thiotepa or melphalan) resulted in significantly better overall survival (OS, P = 0.048) and a trend toward better EFS.ConclusionsTreosulfan based conditioning is a safe and effective approach for children with hematological malignancies, including and importantly for infants and those patients undergoing second or later transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal Stability Studies Comparing IMX‐101 (Dinitroanisole/Nitroguanidine/NTO) to Analogous Formulations Containing Dinitrotoluene
Authors: Oxley Jimmie C. , Smith James L. , Donnelly Maria A. , Colizza Kevin , Rayome Stephanie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) replacement, IMX‐101, containing 43.5 % 2,4‐dinitroanisole (DNAN), 19.7 % 3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one (NTO) and 36.8 % nitro‐guanidine (NQ), has been certified for use as an insensitive munition. IMX‐101 has passed standardized performance, stability, and aging tests but in some categories was not necessarily an improvement over TNT or RDX. This study compared the thermal stability of DNAN and another low‐melting nitroarene, 2,4‐dinitrotoulene (DNT). When examined individually, DNAN was more stable; but formulated in IMX‐101 with NTO and NQ, the opposite was true. In two part mixtures, NQ had a similar acceleratory effect on the decomposition of both nitroarenes, while NTO had a greater impact on DNAN than on NTO. Ammonia, a reported decomposition product of both NQ and NTO, also accelerated the decomposition of both DNAN and DNT, with a larger impact on DNAN. The formation of dinitroaniline, potentially due to the interaction between the nitroarenes and ammonia, was detected by LC/MS as a decomposition product when either nitroarene was combined with NTO and/or NQ, indicating that this molecule may play a significant role in the decomposition mechanism. While not advocating the use of DNT in insensitive munitions formulations, this study addresses the importance of chemical compatibility as a criterion for selecting replacement components in formulations.
Selection rule and entanglement in energy transfer between doubly concentrically arranged nanostructures
Authors: Oka Hisaki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAbstractauthoren We theoretically investigate the energy transfer between concentrically arranged nanostructures by using a quantum‐entanglement measure. The model system is formed in double concentric circles of interacting two‐level systems, where the outer circle is the donor and the inner circle is the acceptor. We show that a rapid energy transfer can be achieved by utilizing a strongly entangled donor–acceptor state. First, we clarify that a selection rule exists in the energy‐transfer process; the energy transfer from the donor to the acceptor occurs only between the energy eigenstates having the same rotational symmetry. Next, in terms of the analysis of the degree of quantum entanglement, we clarify that the quantum entanglement is strongly formed between the donor and acceptor with higher rotational symmetry and the energy transfer process dominates in the donor–acceptor entangled state. Finally, we show that a rapid energy transfer can occur by efficiently exciting the entangled state with the help of thermal fluctuation at room temperature. From the aspect of device applications, this mechanism has the advantage over the conventional energy‐transfer process in natural photosynthetic systems because no spatial disorder and fluctuation are required. Application to photonic devices using the nanomaterial is also discussed.
The effect of explicit environmentally oriented metacognitive guidance and peer collaboration on students' expressions of environmental literacy
Authors: Adler Idit , Zion Michal , Mevarech Zemira R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe prevalence of habitat and life‐threatening environmental problems has motivated environmental researchers to develop education programs to strengthen students' environmental literacy. We argue that the connection between environmental literacy and metacognition is theoretically promising. Therefore, we developed theMeta‐CICmodel, which is designed to develop students' environmental literacy, in parallel to supporting their metacognition. The core of this model is open inquiry‐based learning. An explicit environmentally focused metacognitive guidance (Meta) was embedded within the inquiry setting. This guidance referred to the components of metacognition and the strands of environmental literacy. The model includes two levels of collaboration: theCollaborating Inquiry(CI), which refers to the interactions between a pair of students working on an inquiry project; and theCollaborating Inquiry Community(CIC), which refers to the interactions among pairs of students working on different projects. We investigated the contribution of theMeta‐CICmodel to students' expression of environmental literacy. For this purpose, 250 seventh and eight grade students, who conducted open inquiry projects throughout a full school year, participated in this research. We examined students' environmental literacy using two tools: an environmental literacy questionnaire, which adopts a positivist, outcome‐based approach; and an innovative Environmental Literacy INventory (ELIN), which adopts a phenomenological process‐based approach. The environmental literacy questionnaire served as pre‐ and post‐test measurements. The ELIN was used to analyze students' reflections, following their involvement in the inquiry process. The results of this study provide supporting evidence for the theoretical relationship between metacognition and environmental literacy, and demonstrate the different effects of theMetaand theCICcomponents on students' expressions of environmental literacy. The results also point to the importance of providing explicit and context‐based metacognitive support. This study highlights the importance of developing students' high order thinking and implementing theMeta‐CICmodel, within the framework of environmental education. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 620–663, 2016
Prediction of single fetal demise after laser therapy for twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Eschbach S. J. , Boons L. S. T. M. , Wolterbeek R. , Middeldorp J. M. , Klumper F. J. C. M. , Lopriore E. , Oepkes D. , Haak M. C. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveSingle fetal demise (SFD) occurs in up to 20% of monochorionic pregnancies treated with laser coagulation for twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). We aimed to determine the independent factors associated with SFD to improve outcome in the care of TTTS pregnancies in the future.MethodsThis was a case–control study on twin pregnancies treated for TTTS between 2007 and 2013. Data on ultrasound, laser surgery and outcome were retrieved from our monochorionic twin database. We analyzed separately cases of SFD in donor and recipient twins, and compared them with treated pregnancies that resulted in two live births.ResultsOf the 273 TTTS pregnancies treated with laser coagulation, SFD occurred in 30 donors (11.0%) and 27 recipients (9.9%). In 67% of pregnancies with SFD, the death occurred within 1 week after laser treatment. For SFD in donors, absent/reversed end‐diastolic flow in the umbilical artery was the strongest predictor (odds ratio (OR), 3.0 (95% CI, 1.1–8.0); P = 0.01), followed by the presence of an arterioarterial anastomosis (OR, 4.2 (95% CI, 1.4–13.1); P = 0.03) and discordance in estimated fetal weight (OR, 1.0 (95% CI, 1.0–1.1); P = 0.04). For SFD in recipients, independent predictors were absent/reversed A‐wave in the ductus venosus (OR, 3.6 (95% CI, 1.2–10.5); P = 0.02) and the absence of recipient‐to‐donor arteriovenous anastomoses (OR, 10.6 (95% CI, 1.8–62.0); P < 0.01).ConclusionsOur findings confirm earlier reports that suggest that abnormal blood flow is associated with SFD after laser treatment for TTTS. The association of SFD with the type of anastomoses is a new finding. We speculate that the type of anastomoses present determines the degree of hemodynamic change during laser therapy. Future strategies should aim at stabilizing fetal circulation before laser therapy to decrease the vulnerability to acute preload and afterload changes. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
μ‐Rhodizonato‐1κO,1:2κO′,2κO′′‐tetra(triphenylphosphine)disilver(I): A Molecular Complex with the [C6O6]2– Ligand Template
Authors: Finger Lars H. , Sundermeyer Jörg 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe first silver rhodizonate and overall fourth transition metal rhodizonate complex is presented. The title compound shows a so far unobserved coordination mode of the rhodizonate ligand, which is atypically distorted from planarity. The structure discussion is accompanied by a thorough literature review of the hitherto structurally characterized rhodizonate salts and complexes.
The uncertainty of climate sensitivity and its implication for the Paris negotiation
Authors: Kaya Yoichi , Yamaguchi Mitsutsune , Akimoto Keigo 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Uncertainty of climate sensitivity is one of the critical issues that may affect climate response strategies. Whereas the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) was specified as 2–4.5 °C with the best estimate of 3 °C in the 4th Assessment Report of IPCC, it was revised to 1.5–4.5 °C in the 5th Assessment Report. The authors examined the impact of a difference in ECS assuming a best estimate of 2.5 °C, instead of 3 °C. The current pledges of several countries including the U.S., EU and China on emission reductions beyond 2020 are not on track for the 2 °C target with an ECS of 3 °C but are compatible with the target with an ECS of 2.5 °C. It is critically important for policymakers in Paris to know that they are in a position to make decisions under large uncertainty of ECS.