bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-10/HMOX1 Signaling Modulates Cochlear Inflammation via Negative Regulation of MCP-1/CCL2 Expression in Cochlear Fibrocytes
Authors: Woo Jeong-Im , Kil Sung-Hee , Oh Sejo , Lee Yoo-Jin , Park Raekil , Lim David J. , Moon Sung K. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Cochlear inflammatory diseases, such as tympanogenic labyrinthitis, are associated with acquired sensorineural hearing loss. Although otitis media is extremely frequent in children, tympanogenic labyrinthitis is not commonly observed, which suggests the existence of a potent anti-inflammatory mechanism modulating cochlear inflammation. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism involved in cochlear protection from inflammation-mediated tissue damage, focusing on IL-10 and hemoxygenase-1 (HMOX1) signaling. We demonstrated that IL-10Rs are expressed in the cochlear lateral wall of mice and rats, particularly in the spiral ligament fibrocytes (SLFs). The rat SLF cell line was found to inhibit nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi)-induced upregulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1; CCL2) in response to IL-10. This inhibition was suppressed by silencing IL-10R1 and was mimicked by cobalt Protoporphyrin IX and CO-releasing molecule-2. In addition, IL-10 appeared to suppress monocyte recruitment through reduction of NTHi-induced rat SLF cell line–derived chemoattractants. Silencing of HMOX1 was found to attenuate the inhibitory effect of IL-10 on NTHi-induced MCP-1/CCL2 upregulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that IL-10 inhibits NTHi-induced binding of p65 NF-κB to the distal motif in the promoter region of MCP-1/CCL2, resulting in suppression of NTHi-induced NF-κB activation. Furthermore, IL-10 deficiency appeared to significantly affect cochlear inflammation induced by intratympanic injections of NTHi. Taken together, our results suggest that IL-10/HMOX1 signaling is involved in modulation of cochlear inflammation through inhibition of MCP-1/CCL2 regulation in SLFs, implying a therapeutic potential for a CO-based approach for inflammation-associated cochlear diseases.
Landskap van gemeentesang in die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk aan die begin van die een-en-twintigste eeu: Voorlopige verkenning
Authors: Calitz Coenie 
Published: March 2015

Musiek en sang binne die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk (NG Kerk) is in ’n proses van radikale verandering. Binne ’n ‘global village’ kan die ses strominge van kerkmusiek soos Paul Basden (2004) dit beskryf het, van groot waarde wees om die huidige prosesse in die NG Kerk te identifiseer en te beskryf. Hierdie prosesse word dikwels oorvereenvoudig deur die gebruik van die term ‘blended worship’. ’n Dieper kyk na die bedoeling en betekenis van die term ‘blended worship’ wys dat die term in baie gevalle nie vir die huidige situasie of prosesse in die NG Kerk geskik is nie. Die huidige situasie veronderstel nie net die gebruik van nuwe vorms van musiek naas die oue nie, maar in baie gemeentes impliseer dit ’n wegbeweeg van die oue na die nuwe. Die uitdaging bly steeds om binne hierdie situasie getrou aan die Woord van God te bly, maar ook om effektief na die behoefte van die mense van ons tyd te handel.Landscape of congregational singing in the Dutch Reformed Church at the beginning of the 21th century: Preliminary exploration. Music and singing in the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) is in a process of radical change. Within a global village, the six views of worship as identified by Paul Basden (2004) could be of great value in understanding die processes and streams within the music of the DRC. Variations and combinations of these views (streams) could be observed within the present-day liturgical singing within the DRC. This process is often oversimplified by using the term blended worship; a closer look at blended worship illustrates that the term blended worshipin its original intention does not fit the current situation or process. The current situation does not only imply new forms of music combined with the old forms, it often implies a move away from the old in the direction of the new. Within this process the challenge of the DRC will be to stay faithful to the Word of God as well as contemporary society.
Die tema van God se spraak in Hebreërs se inleidingsformules
Authors: Coetsee Albert J. , Jordaan Gert J.C. 
Published: March 2015

Alhoewel die voorkoms en gebruik van die Ou Testament in die meeste navorsing oor Hebreërs besonder baie aandag geniet, is dit nie die geval met die Hebreërskrywer se gebruik van inleidingsformules vir sy Ou-Testamentiese aanhalings nie. Die gevolg is dat daar tot op hede betreklik min selfstandige navorsing oor die Hebreërskrywer se tema van God se spraak by sy inleidingsformules gedoen is. In hierdie artikel word Hebreërs se inleidingsformules in besonderhede nagegaan om te bepaal wat die aard en inhoud van die Hebreërskrywer se verwysings na die tema van God se spraak in sy inleidingsformules is. Daar word onder andere bepaal dat Hebreërs 38 direkte aanhalings vanuit die Ou Testament bevat, dat die Hebreërskrywer, met slegs een uitsondering, elke inleidingsformule met ’n werkwoord van sêinlei, dat ’n Persoon van die Drie-eenheid in 34 van die 38 direkte aanhalings (± 89%) die onderwerp en gevolglike Spreker van die Ou-Testamentiese woorde is, dat die Hebreërskrywer al drie Persone van die Drie-eenheid as God beskou, en dat die Hebreërskrywer oortuig is dat die Ou Testament geïnspireer is en God se geldige en relevante openbaring bly.The theme of God’s speech in Hebrews’ introduction formulae. Whilst the occurance and function of the Old Testament in research on Hebrews enjoys a lot of attention, this is not the case for the writer of Hebrews’ use of introduction formulae for his Old Testament quotations. The result is that up to date relatively few independent studies have been made on the writer of Hebrews’ theme of God’s speech in his introduction formulae. In this article the introduction formulae in Hebrews are researched in detail to determine the nature and content of the writer of Hebrews’ reference to the theme of God’s speech in his introduction formulae. Amongst other things it is determined that Hebrews has 38 direct quotations from the Old Testament, that with the exception of one introduction formula the writer of Hebrews introduces each direct quotation with a verb of saying, that a Person of the Trinity is the subject and consequential Speaker of the Old Testament words in 34 of the 38 direct quotations (± 89%), that the writer of Hebrews views all three Persons of the Trinity as God, and that the writer of Hebrews is convinced that the Old Testament is divinely inspired and remains God’s valid and relevant revelation.
L’art actuel au Québec vu de la francophonie canadienne. Réseaux et influences1
Authors: Robineau Anne 
Published: March 2015

Ce texte a pour but de saisir les réseaux et les influences qui lient les artistes franco-canadiens en art actuel au milieu artistique québécois et comment est perçue la réussite professionnelle d’artistes franco-canadiens qui exposent au Québec. Nous espérons montrer comment l’institutionnalisation de l’art actuel au Québec a joué un rôle important dans la carrière d’artistes franco-canadiens, mais aussi dans l’ensemble du réseau des arts visuels de la francophonie canadienne. Vu de l’extérieur du Québec, au sein de la francophonie canadienne, l’art actuel au Québec est un pôle important auquel les artistes franco-canadiens peuvent participer tout en cherchant à se démarquer. Notre hypothèse est que la taille restreinte du réseau de l’art actuel dans la francophonie canadienne conditionne la réussite professionnelle de ses artistes, tout en leur permettant, paradoxalement, de se distinguer par leur appartenance linguistique et identitaire à leur communauté francophone respective. Cette distinction fondée sur l’appartenance linguistique et identitaire peut se traduire dans le propos esthétique de leurs oeuvres, mais aussi par la médiatisation qui est faite de leur pratique artistique et de leur carrière au sein de leur communauté, au Québec et ailleurs. Cette médiatisation a un impact sur le renforcement de l’identité collective. Cette identité collective, qui peut être associée, par ailleurs, à une identité nationale dans le cas du Québec ou « nationalitaire » dans le cas de la francophonie canadienne, s’inscrit également dans le discours sur la diversité culturelle au sein des sociétés globalisées. D’après ce discours, le caractère distinctif de l’appartenance francophone représenterait donc un atout lié à sa spécificité culturelle et linguistique, car il peut augmenter l’intérêt de l’individu qui s’en réclame envers sa propre culture et des activités qu’il entreprend au sein de celle-ci.
A global model for cave ventilation and seasonal bias in speleothem paleoclimate records
Authors: James Eric W. , Banner Jay L. , Hardt Benjamin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCave calcite deposits (speleothems) provide long and continuous records of paleoenvironmental conditions in terrestrial settings. Typical environmental proxy measurements include speleothem growth rate and variations in elemental and isotope geochemistry. Commonly the assumption is made that speleothems grow continuously and at a constant rate throughout the year. However, seasonal variation of growth rate may be the rule in many caves. Here we apply observations of modern calcite growth and cave‐air CO2 concentrations and a model of factors controlling cave ventilation to construct a global model predicting where cave calcite growth may be seasonal. Previous models and measurements of calcite precipitation in caves demonstrate the retardation of speleothem growth by high cave‐air CO2. Elevated CO2 is commonly dissipated by ventilation driven by density differences between cave and surface air. Seasonal cycles in atmospheric temperature, pressure, and humidity commonly drive these density contrasts. Modeling these changes latitudinally and globally indicates a geographic control on seasonal cave ventilation and thus on a principal controlling factor of speleothem growth. The model predicts that given constant water, calcium, and CO2 inputs, speleothems from temperate to boreal continental regions commonly accumulate more calcite in the cool season and less or none in the warm season. These models predict that proxies from temperate to boreal speleothems may be seasonally biased due to seasonal ventilation, whereas tropical and maritime records should not.
Natural remanent magnetization acquisition in bioturbated sediment: General theory and implications for relative paleointensity reconstructions
Authors: Egli R. , Zhao X. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe present a general theory for the acquisition of natural remanent magnetizations (NRM) in sediment under the influence of (a) magnetic torques, (b) randomizing torques, and (c) torques resulting from interaction forces. Dynamic equilibrium between (a) and (b) in the water column and at the sediment‐water interface generates a detrital remanent magnetization (DRM), while much stronger randomizing torques may be provided by bioturbation inside the mixed layer. These generate a so‐called mixed remanent magnetization (MRM), which is stabilized by mechanical interaction forces. During the time required to cross the surface mixed layer, DRM is lost and MRM is acquired at a rate that depends on bioturbation intensity. Both processes are governed by a MRM lock‐in function. The final NRM intensity is controlled mainly by a single parameter γ that is defined as the product of rotational diffusion and mixed‐layer thickness, divided by sedimentation rate. This parameter defines three regimes: (1) slow mixing (γ < 0.2) leading to DRM preservation and insignificant MRM acquisition, (2) fast mixing (γ > 10) with MRM acquisition and full DRM randomization, and (3) intermediate mixing. Because the acquisition efficiency of DRM is larger than that of MRM, NRM intensity is particularly sensitive to γ in case of mixed regimes, generating variable NRM acquisition efficiencies. This model explains (1) lock‐in delays that can be matched with empirical reconstructions from paleomagnetic records, (2) the existence of small lock‐in depths that lead to DRM preservation, (3) specific NRM acquisition efficiencies of magnetofossil‐rich sediments, and (4) some relative paleointensity artifacts.
North‐south asymmetry in global distribution of the solar wind speed during 1985–2013
Authors: Tokumaru Munetoshi , Fujiki Ken'ichi , Iju Tomoya 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInterplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations made between 1985 and 2013 are used to investigate the north‐south (N‐S) asymmetry in global distribution of the solar wind speed. The IPS observations clearly demonstrate that the global distribution of the solar wind speed systematically changes with the solar activity. This change is found to closely correlate with that in polar magnetic fields of the Sun, while fast wind data at solar minima systematically deviate from this correlation. The IPS observations show that notable N‐S asymmetry of polar solar winds occurs at the solar maxima, and small but significant N‐S asymmetry exists at the solar minima. The observed asymmetry at the solar maxima is consistent with the time lag in the reversal of polar magnetic fields between north and south hemispheres. We also find that significant N‐S asymmetry of the polar fast wind lasts for the period between Cycles 23 and 24 solar maxima, starting from predominance of the fast wind over the north pole and ending with that over the south pole. The N‐S asymmetry revealed from IPS observations is found to be generally consistent with Ulysses observations. We compare IPS observations with magnetic field data of the Sun and find that the ratio of the quadrupole to dipole coefficients exhibits a similar time variation to that of the N‐S asymmetry revealed from IPS observations. This suggests that higher‐order multipole moments play an important role in determining the N‐S asymmetry of the solar wind when the dipole moment weakens.
U‐Pb dating of interspersed gabbroic magmatism and hydrothermal metamorphism during lower crustal accretion, Vema lithospheric section, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Rioux Matthew , Jöns Niels , Bowring Samuel , Lissenberg C. Johan , Bach Wolfgang , Kylander‐Clark Andrew , Hacker Bradley , Dudás Frank 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNew U/Pb analyses of zircon and xenotime constrain the timing of magmatism, magmatic assimilation, and hydrothermal metamorphism during formation of the lower crust at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. The studied sample is an altered gabbro from the Vema lithospheric section (11°N). Primary gabbroic minerals have been almost completely replaced by multiple hydrothermal overprints: cummingtonitic amphibole and albite formed during high‐temperature hydration reactions and are overgrown first by kerolite and then prehnite and chlorite. In a previous study, clear inclusion‐free zircons from the sample yielded Th‐corrected 206Pb/238U dates of 13.528 ± 0.101 to 13.353 ± 0.057 Ma. Ti concentrations, reported here, zoning patterns and calculated Th/U of the dated grains are consistent with these zircons having grown during igneous crystallization. To determine the timing of hydrothermal metamorphism, we dated a second population of zircons, with ubiquitous <1–20 µm chlorite inclusions, and xenotimes that postdate formation of metamorphic albite. The textures and inclusions of the inclusion‐rich zircons suggest that they formed by coupled dissolution‐reprecipitation of metastable igneous zircon during or following hydrothermal metamorphism. Th‐corrected 206Pb/238U dates for the inclusion‐rich zircons range from 13.598 ± 0.012 to 13.503 ± 0.018 Ma and predate crystallization of all but one of the inclusion‐free zircons, suggesting that the inclusion‐rich zircons were assimilated from older hydrothermally altered wall rocks. The xenotime dates are sensitive to the Th correction applied, but even using a maximum correction, 206Pb/238U dates range from 13.341 ± 0.162 to 12.993 ± 0.055 Ma and postdate crystallization of both the inclusion‐rich zircons and inclusion‐free igneous zircons, reflecting a second hydrothermal event. The data provide evidence for alternating magmatism and hydrothermal metamorphism at or near the ridge axis during accretion of the lower crust at a ridge‐transform intersection and suggest that hydrothermally altered crust was assimilated into younger gabbroic magmas. The results of this study show that high‐precision U‐Pb dating is a powerful method for studying the timing of magmatic and hydrothermal processes at mid‐ocean ridges.
Estimating daily climatologies for climate indices derived from climate model data and observations
Authors: Mahlstein Irina , Spirig Christoph , Liniger Mark A. , Appenzeller Christof 
Published: March 2015

AbstractClimate indices help to describe the past, present, and the future climate. They are usually closer related to possible impacts and are therefore more illustrative to users than simple climate means. Indices are often based on daily data series and thresholds. It is shown that the percentile‐based thresholds are sensitive to the method of computation, and so are the climatological daily mean and the daily standard deviation, which are used for bias corrections of daily climate model data. Sample size issues of either the observed reference period or the model data lead to uncertainties in these estimations. A large number of past ensemble seasonal forecasts, called hindcasts, is used to explore these sampling uncertainties and to compare two different approaches. Based on a perfect model approach it is shown that a fitting approach can improve substantially the estimates of daily climatologies of percentile‐based thresholds over land areas, as well as the mean and the variability. These improvements are relevant for bias removal in long‐range forecasts or predictions of climate indices based on percentile thresholds. But also for climate change studies, the method shows potential for use.
Dissolved organic carbon lability increases with water residence time in the alluvial aquifer of a river floodplain ecosystem
Authors: Helton Ashley M. , Wright Meredith S. , Bernhardt Emily S. , Poole Geoffrey C. , Cory Rose M. , Stanford Jack A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe assessed spatial and temporal patterns of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) lability and composition throughout the alluvial aquifer of the 16 km2 Nyack Floodplain in northwest Montana, USA. Water influx to the aquifer derives almost exclusively from the Middle Fork of the Flathead River, and water residence times within the aquifer range from days to months. Across seasons and channel discharge conditions, we measured DOC concentration, lability, and optical properties of aquifer water sampled from 12 wells, both near and ~3 m below the water table. Concentrations of DOC were typically low (542 ± 22.7 µg L−1; mean ± se), and the percentage of labile DOC averaged 18 ± 12% during 3 day laboratory assays. Parallel factor analysis of fluorescence excitation‐emission matrices revealed two humic‐like and two amino acid‐like fluorescence groups. Total DOC, humic‐like components, and specific UV absorbance decreased with water residence time, consistent with sorption to aquifer sediments. However, labile DOC (both concentration and fraction) increased with water residence time, suggesting a concurrent influx or production of labile DOC. Thus, although the carbon‐poor, oxygen‐rich aquifer is a net sink for DOC, recalcitrant DOC appears to be replaced with more labile DOC along aquifer flow paths. Our observation of DOC production in long flow paths contrasts with studies of hyporheic DOC consumption along short (centimeters to meters) flow paths and highlights the importance of understanding the role of labile organic matter production and/or influx in alluvial aquifer carbon cycling.
Revisiting the hemispheric asymmetry in midlatitude ozone changes following the Mount Pinatubo eruption: A 3‐D model study
Authors: Dhomse S. S. , Chipperfield M. P. , Feng W. , Hossaini R. , Mann G. W. , Santee M. L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFollowing the eruption of Mount Pinatubo, satellite and in situ measurements showed a large enhancement in stratospheric aerosol in both hemispheres, but significant midlatitude column O3 depletion was observed only in the north. We use a three‐dimensional chemical transport model to determine the mechanisms behind this hemispheric asymmetry. The model, forced by European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ERA‐Interim reanalyses and updated aerosol surface area density, successfully simulates observed large column NO2 decreases and the different extents of ozone depletion in the two hemispheres. The chemical ozone loss is similar in the Northern (NH) and Southern Hemispheres (SH), but the contrasting role of dynamics increases the depletion in the NH and decreases it in the SH. The relevant SH dynamics are not captured as well by earlier ERA‐40 reanalyses. Overall, the smaller SH column O3 depletion can be attributed to dynamical variability and smaller SH background lower stratosphere O3 concentrations.
Statistical precipitation bias correction of gridded model data using point measurements
Authors: Haerter Jan O. , Eggert Bastian , Moseley Christopher , Piani Claudio , Berg Peter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIt is well known that climate model output data cannot be used directly as input to impact models, e.g., hydrology models, due to climate model errors. Recently, it has become customary to apply statistical bias correction to achieve better statistical correspondence to observational data. As climate model output should be interpreted as the space‐time average over a given model grid box and output time step, the status quo in bias correction is to employ matching gridded observational data to yield optimal results. Here we show that when gridded observational data are not available, statistical bias correction can be carried out using point measurements, e.g., rain gauges. Our nonparametric method, which we call scale‐adapted statistical bias correction (SABC), is achieved by data aggregation of either the available modeled or gauge data. SABC is a straightforward application of the well‐known Taylor hypothesis of frozen turbulence. Using climate model and rain gauge data, we show that SABC performs significantly better than equal‐time period statistical bias correction.
Saturn's giant storm and global radiant energy
Authors: Li Liming , Jiang Xun , Trammell Harold J. , Pan Yefeng , Hernandez Joseph , Conrath Barney J. , Gierasch Peter J. , Achterberg Richard K. , Nixon Conor A. , Flasar F. Michael , Perez‐Hoyos Santiago , West Robert A. , Baines Kevin H. , Knowles Benjamin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe analyze the relationship between Saturn's radiant energies and the 2010 giant storm with the Cassini observations. The storm increased the emitted power in a wide latitudinal band (20–55°N) with a maximum change of 9.2 ± 0.1% around 45°N from 2010 to 2011. Such a regional change caused the global‐average emitted power to increase by ~2.0 ± 0.2%. Saturn's giant storm occurs quasiperiodically (i.e., period approximately one Saturnian year), so it is possible that giant storms continuously modify the emitted power if the storm modification has a lifetime close to one Saturnian year. The hemispheric‐average emitted power in the southern hemisphere, which was mainly affected by the seasonal change, decreased by 8.5 ± 0.3% from 2004 to 2013. Our estimates also imply that the 2010 giant storm significantly modified the absorbed solar power of Saturn. The significant temporal variations of radiant powers should be considered in reexamining the value of Saturn's internal heat flux.