bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Multi-type and Multi-level Real-time Simulation and Optimization of New Power System
Authors: Xu Changqing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the current real-time simulation algorithm is difficult to improve the performance and accuracy of multi-type and multi-level real-time simulation when dealing with new power systems, we propose a new multi-type and multi-level real-time simulation and optimization algorithm for power systems. Firstly, the efficiency and accuracy of the solution are improved by directly updating the conductance nodes (Gnodes) and current nodes (Inodes) on power system components, and the updating of Gnodes and Inodes is replaced by the prior calculation based on the inverse matrix (Ginv) of admittance matrix, thus further optimizing the simulation solution process and reducing the computational complexity. Then, the efficient numerical method, data structure optimization, and parallel computing technology are used to optimize the construction process of the inverse matrix (Ginv) of the admittance matrix to reduce the computational complexity and memory consumption of electromagnetic transient simulation. Finally, the idea of the sparse matrix is introduced to optimize the operation process of Gstruct and improve the calculation speed of the simulation solution. The research proves that the multi-type and multi-level real-time simulation solution and its optimization method of new power systems can be studied more systematically through the above technical route, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of power system simulation solutions and provide strong support for practical application.
Wind turbine blade fault diagnosis technology based on Efficient-YOLOv5s algorithm
Authors: Qingze Shen , Hongjiang Wang , Qin Dai , Yingcai Gao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The daily operation and maintenance of wind turbine blades in wind power plants requires the application of target detection algorithms that are both accurate in detection and fast in training. For the current wind turbine blade fault detection algorithms in the dataset when the number of samples of the problem of slow training time through the bi-directional feature pyramid network of the fast weighted normalised fusion to improve the training speed, for the small size of the fault detection of the low accuracy of the problem through the bi-directional feature pyramid network of the better use of multiscale information to improve the detection accuracy and through the coordinate attention to generate bidirectional complementary feature maps to enhance the object of interest to further improve the accuracy of detection. In this way, an efficient wind turbine blade fault detection model (Efficent-YOLOv5s) is proposed on the basis of the YOLOv5s model. Through the experimental validation of the homemade dataset, the results show that compared with the YOLOv5s model, the detection map0.5 value and accuracy of the efficient wind turbine blade fault detection model are improved by 0.5% and 0.6%, respectively, and the average training time is shortened by 4s/epoch, which verifies that the model is effective.
Research on key technologies of digital sensing and fault warning of isolation switch in GIS
Authors: Jiuye Zhang , Yubo Zhao , Haoli Liu , Jing Xu , Shaoqing Peng , Liang Wang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
GIS device is a small electrical device. It is widely used in power systems due to its small size, easy installation, reliable operation, and anti-noise. In recent years, GIS isolation switches have frequently caused power grid accidents due to their own reasons, causing great economic losses to the power grid and users. Therefore, in GIS, in order to improve the stability of the power system, the isolation switch in GIS must be monitored and fault diagnosed. This article analyzes the primary and secondary working mechanisms of GIS. Starting from the basic principles of primary and secondary, this paper conducts a theoretical analysis of various parameters in GIS, and conducts a simple analysis of its sensing performance and monitoring system. It also briefly introduces common faults in GIS, providing a theoretical basis for research on key technologies of digital sensing and fault warning of isolation switch in GIS.
Optimal allocation of offshore wind power and energy storage considering source-load power stochasticity
Authors: Zhang Xiaohu , Zhang Mengyao , Xu Ling , Huang Ruanming , Li Canbing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Large-scale offshore wind generation has been integrated to power grids in China. The annual increase in electric vehicles, air conditioning systems, and other electrical facilities has intensified the randomness and volatility of power supply and demand, presenting significant challenges to the safe and economical operation of power systems. Energy storage systems serve as regulators in the power grid, yet the electrical performance and costs associated with various storage technologies differ considerably. Consequently, the strategic planning and development of energy storage solutions tailored to specific local conditions have emerged as critical areas of research. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of power characteristics across source loads, explores an optimized configuration approach for energy storage, and validates this method through a numerical example. The findings confirm the effectiveness of the proposed configuration strategy and offer pertinent recommendations for the implementation of energy storage solutions.
Mechanisms of middle-frequency oscillations in an offshore wind farm induced by the converter current inner loops
Authors: Chen Yong , Huang Hui , Yang Ruixiong , Ren Xingwang , Sang Yawei , Wu Haobin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Middle-frequency oscillation instability is one of the important issues that threats the safe integration of offshore wind farms. However, analytical explanations to key affecting factors and laws for the middle-frequency oscillation are not clear yet, which makes it difficult to avoid this kind of oscillation effectively. Therefore, in this paper, mechanism for the middle-frequency oscillation induced by the dynamics of converter current inner loops is studied in-depth. First, small-signal transfer function model for a general offshore wind farm integrated via AC submarine cable is established. Then impact of the AC submarine cable and control parameters of the converter current inner loops on oscillation stability of the wind farm is analysed via eigenvalue analysis. It is found that with the length of AC submarine cable increases, frequency for the open-loop pole of the AC grid decreases. When open-loop pole of the AC grid gets close that of the PMSGs on complex plane, the near strong mode resonance can cause middle-frequency oscillation of the system. Finally, effectiveness of the conclusions drawn is evaluated through nonlinear simulations.
A Method for Identifying Power Equipment in Foggy Substation Based on Improved YOLOv4
Authors: Bao Meiling , Zhang Bin , Li Dongyu , Wu Linqiao , Jing Lantao , Wang Liang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In foggy weather, inspection robots detect low visibility and unclear targets in substation power equipment, and the commonly used target detection algorithms have too many parameters, making it difficult to achieve real-time requirements when deployed on inspection robots. To this end, a lightweight substation power equipment identification method combining Cycle Dehaze defogging algorithm is proposed. Pre process the collected fog map of the substation to improve the clarity and visibility of the target power equipment; Introducing MobileNetv3 and deep separable convolution in YOLOv4 network to achieve model lightweight; To increase the precision of power equipment identification, incorporate the SE attention mechanism into the target detection network. Based on the testing results, it is possible to reach a recognition mAP of 92.5% by combining Cycle Dehaze and improved YOLOv4, as the improved YOLOv4 has a detection speed that is 15.59 frames/second faster than the YOLOv4 method. The model parameter quantity has been reduced by 80.21%, which is more conducive to deployment on substation inspection robots.
Multi-Target Recognition of Substation Infrared Image Based on Improved Faster RCNN
Authors: Zhang Bin , Li Dongyu , Zhang Jiaxin , Wu Linqiao , Qiu Bingbing , Bao Meiling , Jing Lantao , Wang Liang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study presents a multi-target recognition approach for substation infrared images based on enhanced Faster RCNN, which addresses the challenge of identifying several high-voltage electrical equipment in substation infrared images simultaneously. This method uses VGG16 to extract image features of a variety of electrical equipment in infrared images. Generate regional suggestions through the regional suggestion network and adjust the regional suggestions through border regression. ROI Pooling maps regional suggestions of different scales to fixed-size output vectors and sends them to Softmax for classification, and corrects the incorrectly identified parts categories according to the inclusion relationship of the regional suggestions. In the experiment, 27586 infrared photos are chosen to create an infrared data set in the voc207 format. Then, statistical analysis is performed on the recognition outcomes of 5517 infrared images in the test set. Based on the testing data, the upgraded rapid RCNN has a 92.8% recognition accuracy, which is 9.7% higher than that before, and has higher engineering practical value.
Ultra-wideband Imaging of Breast Tumors Based on Global Back Projection Algorithm
Authors: Fan Yucheng , Li Xiaoshuang , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Jingjing , Xu Huaqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTumor imaging in medicine requires consideration of human safety, image quality clarity, and cost of imaging. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology employs large bandwidth channels that enable high-speed data transmission. This determines that it can provide high-quality images quickly while still being a harmless imaging method. Therefore, it is essential to construct a UWB microwave detection tumor system. The creation of a vector network analyzer (VNA) based microwave imaging system in this work. To adapt to breast imaging, this paper improved the imaging algorithm of global back projection (GBP) based on the classical back projection algorithm. To verify the system’s feasibility, this paper performed UWB detection experiments using a breast tumor model. By comparing the simulation results, the final imaging results show that the UWB imaging system can detect tumors located at two different locations in the model and that high-quality images can be obtained in the near field using the GBP algorithm. This paper provides a reliable and low-cost method for medical diagnosis.
Focal plane imaging system based on CMOS terahertz detector
Authors: Lin Yue , Zhang Hui , Qi Feng , Liu Zhaoyang , Wang Guanwen , Wang Ningbo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Terahertz technology has shown remarkable potential for application in the field of imaging since it offers several particular advantages such as great penetration capabilities, non-ionization and high instantaneous bandwidth. This paper presents a focal plane imging system based on CMOS terathertz detector for forward-looking detection. The focal plane imaging system has several advantages, including fast scanning, simple composition, low cost, and easy integration of a CMOS detector. It is composed of a terahertz radiation source, a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lens and a broadband CMOS detector. The detector was fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process. The operating frequency range of the detector covers 75 GHz to 1000 GHz. Measurement results have shown that the focal plane imaging system is capable of stably imaging at frequencies of 100 GHz and 220 GHz. To address the issue of missing information in measurement images, the morphological closing algorithm is employed to process the original image, successfully filling in the missing information and improving image quality.
Physics event classification using Large Language Models
Authors: Fanelli C. , Giroux J. , Moran P. , Nayak H. , Suresh K. , Walter E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The 2023 AI4EIC hackathon was the culmination of the third annual AI4EIC workshop at The Catholic University of America. This workshop brought together researchers from physics, data science and computer science to discuss the latest developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) for the Electron Ion Collider (EIC), including applications for detectors, accelerators, and experimental control. The hackathon, held on the final day of the workshop, involved using a chatbot powered by a Large Language Model, ChatGPT-3.5, to train a binary classifier neutrons and photons in simulated data from the GlueX Barrel Calorimeter. In total, six teams of up to four participants from all over the world took part in this intense educational and research event. This article highlights the hackathon challenge, the resources and methodology used, and the results and insights gained from analyzing physics data using the most cutting-edge tools in AI/ML.
Development and performance testing of a chamber for absorbed dose in water absolute measurement for 125I brachytherapy seeds
Authors: Hang Zhongbin , Liu Yuntao , Song Mingzhe , Wei Kexin , Wang Hongyu , Li Qingran , Ni Ning , Zhao Xu , Sun Tao , Gao Fei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The application of more and more low-energy, low-dose-rate
photon radiation seeds in brachytherapy. According to the TG43 report
and TG43-U1 report issued by the American Association of Physicists
in Medicine, both apparent activity and air kerma strength are
physical characterization parameters of brachytherapy seed
strength,which are needed to convert into water absorbed dose at the
depth of 1 cm. At present, the method of obtaining the water
absorbed dose is to convert the air kerma strength, the uncertainty
of results exceeds 5% (k = 1), which could reduce the cure rate
of the treatment. In order to address this issue ,the China
Institute of Atomic Energy has designed a device that can directly
replicate the water absorbed dose of 125I brachytherapy
seeds,which is an extrapolation chamber embedded with water
equivalent material. In order to evaluate the performance of the
extrapolation chamber, a series of experiments were carried out,
including partial pressure test, leakage current, saturation curve,
response linearity, collection area and zero point position. The
test results show that the performance parameters of the
extrapolation chamber meet the relevant requirements.
Spatial resolution improvements with finer-pitch GEMs
Authors: Flöthner K.J. , Scharenberg L. , Brask A. , Brunbauer F. , Garcia F. , Janssens D. , Ketzer B. , Lisowska M. , Muller H. , Oliveri E. , Orlandini G. , Pfeiffer D. , Ropelewski L. , Samarati J. , van Stenis M. , Veenhof R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) are used in many particle physics experiments, employing
their `standard' configuration with amplification holes of 140 μm pitch in a
hexagonal pattern. However, the collection of the charge cloud from the primary ionisation
electrons from the drift region of the detector into the GEM holes affects the position
information from the initial interacting particle. In this paper, the results from studies with a
triple-GEM detector with an X-Y-strip readout anode are presented. It is demonstrated that GEMs
with a finer hole pitch of here 90 μm improve the detector's spatial resolution.
Within these studies, also the impact of the front-end electronics on the spatial resolution was
investigated, which is briefly discussed in the paper.
Burn-in test and thermal performance evaluation of Silicon Photomultipliers for the JUNO-TAO experiment
Authors: Chen X. , Cao G.F. , Qu M.H. , Wang H.W. , Anfimov N. , Rybnikov A. , Xu J.Y. , Su A.Q. , Chen Z.L. , Cao J. , Li Y.C. , Qi M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study evaluates more than 4,000 tiles made of Hamamatsu
visual-sensitive silicon photomultipier (SiPM), each with dimensions
of 5 × 5 cm2, intended for the central detector of the
Taishan Anti-neutrino Observatory (TAO), a satellite experiment of
the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) aimed at
measuring the reactor anti-neutrino energy spectrum with
unprecedented energy resolution. All SiPM tiles underwent a room
temperature burn-in test in the dark for two weeks, while cryogenic
testing analyzed the thermal dependence of parameters for some
sampled SiPMs. Results from these comprehensive tests provide
crucial insights into the long-term performance and stability of the
10 square meters of SiPMs operating at -50°C to detect
scintillation photons in the TAO detector. Despite some anomalies
awaiting further inspection, all SiPMs successfully passed the
burn-in test over two weeks at room temperature, which is equivalent
to 6.7 years at -50°C. Results are also used to guide
optimal SiPM selection, configuration, and operation, ensuring
reliability and sustainability in reactor neutrino
measurements. This work also provides insights for a rapid and
robust quality assessment in future experiments that employ
large-scale SiPMs as detection systems.
An 11-bit SAR ADC for high frame rate and high-dynamic X-ray imaging at future XFELs
Authors: Ji Z. , Ju X. , Lu S. , Liu S. , Sun T. , Zhang S. , Sheng Z. , Gan F. , Liu Z. , Wang T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The paper presents the design and test results of an 11-bit
successive approximation register (SAR) ADC, suitable for massive
on-chip integration in a pixel readout chip. The objective is to
establish new digital readout architectures for X-ray pixel
detectors at future X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities,
enabling high frame rates and a high dynamic range
simultaneously. The prototype chip has been designed and fabricated
in a 130 nm CMOS process, with the core circuit occupying an area
of ~ 0.034 mm2. The measured differential nonlinearity (DNL)
and integral nonlinearity (INL) are +0.78/-0.78 LSB and
+0.58/-0.52 LSB, respectively. The signal-to-noise-and-distortion
ratio (SINAD) is 61.6 dB at 2 MS/s, achieving an effective number
of bit (ENOB) of ~ 9.94-bit. The core circuit power consumption
is 47 μW at 2 MS/s with a 1.2 V supply.
Research on methods to suppress the error accumulation in the elevation direction for accelerator tunnel control network
Authors: Li Xiao , Wu Enchen , Zhang Qiuyu , Ding Ting , Cheng Zhubing , Wang Wei , He Xiaoye 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the 4th generation synchrotron radiation
light sources have gradually emerged. However, the accumulated
errors in Laser Tracker multi-station measurements make it
challenging to meet the accuracy requirements for the control
network measurement, especially in the direction of elevation. To
address this issue, this paper proposes to utilize the Hydrostatic
Leveling System (HLS) to provide high-precision external constraints
for the control network measurement. Firstly, based on the
measurement principle of capacitive HLS sensor, a system is designed
and constructed which was used to optimize the measurement accuracy
of the HLS for level difference between difference points and to
obtain the external reference. Comparison of the HLS measured values
with the nominal values measured by the CMM shows that the optimized
HLS can achieve a level difference measurement accuracy of
5 μm. On this basis, some constraint methods are proposed,
which have been verified by simulations and measurements. The
results show that the error accumulation in the elevation direction
is suppressed compared with the classical adjustment. For the 70 m
linear tunnel control network of Hefei Light Source, the maximum
error of the measurement is reduced by 90 μm (23%
improvement in accuracy) and the standard deviation of the error is
reduced by 26 μm (35% improvement in accuracy) after adding
constraint.
Visually guided swarm motion coordination via insect-inspired small target motion reactions
Authors: Billah Md Arif , Faruque Imraan A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Despite progress developing experimentally-consistent models of insect in-flight sensing and feedback for individual agents, a lack of systematic understanding of the multi-agent and group performance of the resulting bio-inspired sensing and feedback approaches remains a barrier to robotic swarm implementations. This study introduces the small-target motion reactive (STMR) swarming approach by designing a concise engineering model of the small target motion detector (STMD) neurons found in insect lobula complexes. The STMD neuron model identifies the bearing angle at which peak optic flow magnitude occurs, and this angle is used to design an output feedback switched control system. A theoretical stability analysis provides bi-agent stability and state boundedness in group contexts. The approach is simulated and implemented on ground vehicles for validation and behavioral studies. The results indicate despite having the lowest connectivity of contemporary approaches (each agent instantaneously regards only a single neighbor), STMR achieves collective group motion. STMR group level metric analysis also highlights continuously varying polarization and decreasing heading variance.
Phosphorus speciation in coastal sediment of Osaka Bay: relation to anthropogenic phosphorus loading
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Shahinur , Onodera Shin-ichi , Saito Mitsuyo , Ishida Takuya , Wang Kunyang , Hosono Takahiro , Umezawa Yu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study assessed the effect of increased anthropogenic phosphorus (P) loading on P speciation in coastal sediments in Osaka Bay, an urbanized enclosed bay, and one of Japan’s most industrialized regions. The study analyzed Total P (TP) and determined the accumulations of five different P species Exchangeable P (Ex-P), Iron-bound P (Fe-P), Calcium-bound P (Ca-P), Detrital P (Det-P) and Organic P (Org-P)in the sediment using the sequential extraction method. We also estimated the historical P loading into Osaka Bay from major river catchments (the Yodo and Yamato Rivers) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. This study identified peak P loading values for the Yodo River in 1965 and the Yamato River in 1968, with the Yodo River being the primary anthropogenic source of P inflow for Osaka Bay. The concentration of TP ranges from 290.5 to 353.1 mg Kg−1 respectively, and the order of concentrations of the different P species is Org-P > Det-P > Ca-P > Fe-P > Ex-P. The results indicate a positive relationship between total P loading and Ca-P during the rapid growth period. We examined two potential mechanisms (adsorption-precipitation process and sink switching) for Ca-P formation and hypothesized that the adsorption-precipitation process is the dominant process, indicating that high anthropogenic P loading causes the accumulation of immobile Ca-P species in coastal sediments and serves as a permanent sink for P, as well as for water quality restoration. This result also suggests the possibility of reconstructing historical human-induced P loadings based on Ca-P in coastal sediments.