bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vesicular glutamate transporter‐3 in the rodent brain: Vesicular colocalization with vesicular γ‐aminobutyric acid transporter
Authors: Stensrud M.J. , Chaudhry F.A. , Leergaard T.B. , Bjaalie J.G. , Gundersen V. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTVesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1–3) carry glutamate into synaptic vesicles. VGLUT3 has been reported to be localized in nonglutamatergic neuronal populations in the brain. However, detailed subcellular localization of VGLUT3 has not been shown. In particular, the identity of synaptic vesicles expressing VGLUT3 remains to be revealed. Here we present novel electron microscopic postembedding immunogold data from mouse and rat brains showing that small, clear, and round synaptic vesicles in γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic nerve terminals contain labeling for both VGLUT3 and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT). Immunoisolation of synaptic vesicles confirmed the immunogold data and showed vesicular colocalization of VGLUT3 and VGAT. Moreover, we show that gold particles signaling VGLUT3 are present in synaptic vesicles in acetylcholinergic nerve terminals in the striatum. Quantitative immunogold analyses reveal that the density of VGLUT3 gold particles is similar in GABAergic terminals in the hippocampus and the neocortex to that in cholinergic terminals in the striatum. In contrast to in the hippocampus and the neocortex, VGLUT3 was absent from VGAT‐positive terminals in the striatum. The labeling pattern produced by the VGLUT3 antibodies was found to be specific; there was no labeling in VGLUT3 knockout tissue, and the observed labeling throughout the rat brain corresponds to the known light‐microscopic distribution of VGLUT3. From the present results, we infer that glutamate is released with GABA from inhibitory terminals and acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. J. Comp. Neurol. 521: 3042–3056, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biotin‐conjugated anti‐CD44 antibody–avidin binding system for the improvement of chondrocyte adhesion to scaffolds
Authors: Lin Hong , Zhou Jian , Shen Longxiang , Ruan Yuhui , Dong Jian , Guo Changan , Chen Zhengrong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe clinical need for improved treatment options for patients with cartilage injuries has motivated tissue‐engineering studies aimed at the in vitro generation of cell‐based implants with functional properties. The success of tissue‐engineered repair of cartilage may depend on the rapid and efficient adhesion of transplanted cells to the scaffold. In the present study, chondrocyte‐scaffold constructs were engineered by planting porcine chondrocytes into nonporous chitosan membranes and 3D porous chitosan scaffolds that were treated with or without biotin‐conjugated anti‐CD44 antibody–avidin binding system and avidin–biotin binding system. The spreading area, cell exfoliation rates, cell proliferation rates, histological analysis, DNA and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, and mRNA expression were investigated to evaluate the efficiency of biotin‐conjugated anti‐CD44 antibody–avidin binding system for the improvement of cell adhesion to scaffolds in the cartilage tissue. The results showed that the biotin‐conjugated anti‐CD44 antibody–avidin binding system improved cell adhesion to scaffolds effectively. These studies suggest that this binding system has the potential to provide improved tissue‐engineered cartilage for clinical applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1140–1148, 2014.
Rat‐derived processed nerve allografts support more axon regeneration in rat than human‐derived processed nerve xenografts
Authors: Wood Matthew D. , Kemp Stephen W. P. , Liu Edward H. , Szynkaruk Mark , Gordon Tessa , Borschel Gregory H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractProcessed nerve allografts are increasingly used as “off the shelf” nerve replacements for surgically bridging nerve gaps. Benchmarking the regenerative capacity of a commercially available human‐derived nerve or xenograft in a rat nerve injury model would provide a convenient platform for future studies seeking to modify the processed nerve graft. Human and rat processed nerve grafts were used to bridge a 14 mm defect in a Sprague‐Dawley rat sciatic nerve. Reversed autografts served as a positive control group. Twelve weeks following surgery, the distal nerve stumps were retrograde labeled and harvested for histology and histomorphometry. The cross‐sectional areas of the human‐ and rat‐derived processed nerve grafts were similar. Neuron counts and myelinated axon counts following use of the human‐derived processed xenografts were decreased compared with those obtained from both the rat‐derived processed nerve allografts and the autografts; the rat‐derived processed nerve allografts were statistically equivalent to autografts. Measures of nerve fiber diameter and myelination revealed inferior axon regeneration maturity in both processed nerve grafts compared with autografts. Processed xenografts showed significantly reduced regeneration compared with autografts or processed allografts indicating that cross‐species immunological reactions are important considerations in this rat model. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1085–1091, 2014.
Effect of substrate stiffness on the functions of rat bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Huang Yan , Zheng Lisha , Liu Haifeng , Niu Xufeng , Huang Jin , Zhao Feng , Fan Yubo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRegenerative medicine treatments that combine the use of cells and materials may open new options for tissue/organ repair and regeneration. The microenvironment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) strictly regulates their self‐renewal and functions. In this study, when rat bone marrow derived MSCs (rBMSCs) and rat adipose tissue derived MSCs (rAMSCs) in passages 2–4 were cultured on different substrates, they presented the cellular functions to be dependent of substrate stiffness. The cells attached better on the softer substrate than on the stiffer one. The substrate stiffness had no significant influence on the proliferation of those cells. However, the substrate stiffness significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of the two kinds of stem cells. Furthermore, rBMSCs cultured on the same stiffness expressed more osteoblast‐related markers than rAMSCs. In addition, combined biomaterials and biochemical reagents treatment yielded a stronger effect on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs than either treatment alone. These results have significant implications for further extending our capabilities in engineering functional tissue substitutes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1092–1101, 2014.
Multiscale experimental investigation of crystal plasticity and grain boundary sliding in synthetic halite using digital image correlation
Authors: Bourcier M. , Bornert M. , Dimanov A. , Héripré E. , Raphanel J. L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThere is a renewed interest in the study of the rheology of halite since salt cavities are considered for waste repositories or energy storage. This research benefits from the development of observation techniques at the microscale, which allow precise characterizations of microstructures, deformation mechanisms, and strain fields. These techniques are applied to uniaxial compression tests on synthetic halite done with a classical press and with a specific rig implemented in a scanning electron microscope. Digital images of the surface of the sample have been recorded at several loading stages. Surface markers allow the measurement of displacements by means of digital image correlation techniques. Global and local strain fields may then be computed using ad hoc data processing. Analysis of these results provides a measure of strain heterogeneity at various scales, an estimate of the size of the representative volume element, and most importantly an identification of the deformation mechanisms, namely crystal slip plasticity and grain boundary sliding, which are shown to be in a complex local interaction. Indeed, the applied macroscopic loading gives rise locally to complex stress states owing to relative crystallographic orientations, density and orientation of interfaces, and local deformation history. We have quantitatively estimated the relative importance of crystal slip plasticity and grain boundary sliding for different microstructures and evidenced their dependence on grain size. The two mechanisms of deformation and their link to the microstructure should thus be considered when modeling polycrystalline viscoplasticity.
Bacterial and extracellular polysaccharide content of brine‐wetted snow over Arctic winter first‐year sea ice
Authors: Ewert M. , Carpenter S. D. , Colangelo‐Lillis J. , Deming J. W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDuring freeze‐up and consolidation, sea ice rejects to its surface brine of marine origin that is incorporated into overlying snow. To evaluate the transport of biological components in brines from ice to snow, vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, bacterial abundance, and extracellular polysaccharide substances (EPS) were obtained through snow and first‐year sea ice (Barrow, AK) in consecutive winters (2010, 2011). Snow profiles showed strong interannual variation, with 2010 presenting higher values and wider ranges in salinity (0.3–30.9, practical salinity), bacterial abundance (2.8 × 102–1.5 × 104 cells mL− 1), and particulate EPS (pEPS, 0.04–0.23 glucose equivalents (glu‐eq) mg L− 1) than 2011 (0–11.9, 2.7 × 103–4.2 × 103 cells mL− 1 and 0.04–0.09 glu‐eq mg L− 1, respectively). Surface ice also differed interannually, with 2010 presenting again higher salinity (19.4, n = 1), bacterial abundance (5.4 × 104–9.6 × 104 cells mL− 1) and pEPS (0.13–0.51 glu‐eq mg L− 1) than 2011 (7.7–11.9, 1.7 × 104–2.2 × 104 cells mL− 1, and 0.01–0.09 glu‐eq mg L− 1, respectively). Transport of bacteria and pEPS from sea‐ice brines into snow was evident in 2010 but not 2011, a year with more extreme winter conditions of colder temperature, thinner snow, and stronger wind. By size fraction, the smallest EPS (< 0.1 µm) dominated (> 80%) total EPS in both ice and snow; the > 3 µm fraction of EPS in snow appeared to have an atmospheric source. Evaluation of membrane integrity by Live/Dead stain revealed a high percentage (85%) of live bacteria in saline snow, identifying this vast environment as a previously unrecognized microbial habitat.
Intraseasonal variability of sea surface height in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Cheng Xuhua , Xie Shang‐Ping , McCreary Julian P. , Qi Yiquan , Du Yan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntraseasonal variability (ISV) of sea surface height (SSH) over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is studied using altimetry data and an eddy‐resolving ocean model. In both the model hindcast and satellite observations, large SSH ISV is found along the eastern and northern coasts of the BoB, in the western BoB, and in a zonal band across the Bay centered near 5°N. The ISV displays a clear seasonality. In the western BoB, it reaches its annual maximum in spring, whereas it does so in summer and autumn southeast of Sri Lanka. Driven by equatorial intraseasonal winds, equatorial Kelvin waves propagate eastward, reach the western coast of Sumatra, and reflect there to propagate around the perimeter of the BoB as coastally trapped waves. Two distinct bands of high eddy activity are detected in the western and central BoB, respectively. In both bands, isolated eddies propagate southwestward. Eddy formation in the eddy train in the central Bay is linked to the coastal wave as it bends around the corner of the Irrawaddy Delta off Myanmar. Eddy activity contributes to the high ISV in the central Bay to some extent. An energetics analysis indicates that high total eddy energy in the western BoB is due to barotropic/baroclinic instability of the mean current.
Thermal evolution of Mercury as constrained by MESSENGER observations
Authors: Michel Nathalie C. , Hauck Steven A. , Solomon Sean C. , Phillips Roger J. , Roberts James H. , Zuber Maria T. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOrbital observations of Mercury by the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft provide new constraints on that planet's thermal and interior evolution. Specifically, MESSENGER observations have constrained the rate of radiogenic heat production via measurement of uranium, thorium, and potassium at the surface, and identified a range of surface compositions consistent with high‐temperature, high‐degree partial melts of the mantle. Additionally, MESSENGER data have placed new limits on the spatial and temporal variation in volcanic and tectonic activity and enabled determination that the planet's core is larger than previously estimated. Because Mercury's mantle layer is also thinner than previously thought, this result gives greater likelihood to the possibility that mantle convection is marginally supercritical or even that the mantle is not convecting. We simulate mantle convection and magma generation within Mercury's mantle under two‐dimensional axisymmetry and a broad range of conditions to understand the implications of MESSENGER observations for the thermal evolution of the planet. These models demonstrate that mantle convection can persist in such a thin mantle for a substantial portion of Mercury's history, and often to the present, as long as the mantle is thicker than ~300 km. We also find that magma generation in Mercury's convecting mantle is capable of producing widespread magmas by large‐degree partial melting, consistent with MESSENGER observations of the planet's surface chemistry and geology.
A BLIND SPOT IN GIRLS' EDUCATION: MENARCHE AND ITS WEBS OF EXCLUSION IN GHANA
Authors: Dolan Catherine S. , Ryus Caitlin R. , Dopson Sue , Montgomery Paul , Scott Linda 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDespite notable progress in girls' education over the last decade, gender‐based differences continue to shape educational outcomes. One of the most overlooked of these differences is the process of maturation itself, including menstruation. This paper presents the findings of a study that assessed the impact of sanitary care on the school attendance of post‐pubertal girls, as well as the implications of menarche for their well‐being. The study found that the provision of adequate sanitary care represents a relatively unrecognized but potentially fruitful tool in strategies that aim to improve girls' educational outcomes, one that warrants policy consideration among development planners. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable carbon isotopic evidence for climate change across the late Pleistocene to early Holocene from Lesotho, southern Africa
Authors: ROBERTS P. , LEE‐THORP J. A. , MITCHELL P. J. , ARTHUR C. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough significant environmental and climatic changes are likely to have occurred across the Pleistocene/Holocene transition in southern Africa, records are sparse, with information regarding temperature change especially rare. We thus know little about the conditions facing Later Stone Age human populations at this time, particularly those in the highland interior where temperature shifts would have had strong impacts on floral and faunal distributions. In Lesotho, a well‐defined altitudinal distribution of C3 and C4 photosynthetic plant taxa, and their remains in soil organic matter, provides a means of estimating past temperature shifts. We applied this principle to stratified sediments from two archaeological sequences in the Lesotho lowlands (c. 1600 m a.s.l.) to produce a palaeotemperature record focusing on the period 14 000–9500 cal a BP. The results show an overall trend from exclusively C3 vegetation at the Last Glacial Maximum towards greater contributions of C4 taxa, and thus warmer conditions, during the Holocene. However, large temperature fluctuations are evident within this trend, with rapid changes of up to 4 °C visible between 11 200 and 9500 cal a BP. The continued presence of hunter‐gatherers during this time suggests that the region must have remained attractive to human populations despite significant climatic instability and cool episodes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐evaluation of traditional Mediterranean foods. The local landraces of ‘Cipolla di Giarratana’ (Allium cepa L.) and long‐storage tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum L.): quality traits and polyphenol content
Authors: Siracusa Laura , Avola Giovanni , Patanè Cristina , Riggi Ezio , Ruberto Giuseppe 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe heightened consumer awareness for food safety is reflected in the demand for products with well‐defined individual characteristics due to specific production methods, composition and origin. In this context, of pivotal importance is the re‐evaluation of folk/traditional foods by properly characterizing them in terms of peculiarity and nutritional value. The subjects of this study are two typical Mediterranean edible products. The main morphological, biometrical and productive traits and polyphenol contents of three onion genotypes (‘Cipolla di Giarratana’, ‘Iblea’ and ‘Tonda Musona’) and three long‐storage tomato landraces (‘Montallegro’, ‘Filicudi’ and ‘Principe Borghese’) were investigated.RESULTSSicilian onion landraces were characterized by large bulbs, with ‘Cipolla di Giarratana’ showing the highest bulb weight (605 g), yield (151 t ha−1) and total polyphenol content (123.5 mg kg−1). Landraces of long‐storage tomato were characterized by low productivity (up to 20 t ha−1), but more than 70% of the total production was obtained with the first harvest, allowing harvest costs to be reduced. High contents of polyphenols were found, probably related to the typical small fruit size and thick skin characterizing these landraces.CONCLUSIONThe present study overviews some of the most important traits that could support traditional landrace characterization and their nutritional value assessment. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Antioxidant activity, volatile composition and sensory profile of four new very‐early apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.)
Authors: Melgarejo Pablo , Calín‐Sánchez Ángel , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A , Martínez‐Nicolás Juan José , Legua Pilar , Martínez Rafael , Hernández Francisca 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDVery‐early apricot cultivars are interesting owing to the fact that they will be available in markets before any other cultivar. In order to achieve good fruit quality, very‐early apricots require appropriate size, weight and color, good balance of sugars and organic acids, proper content of bioactive compounds, relatively strong apricot aroma as well as acceptable sensory quality.RESULTSPhysical, chemical, antioxidant and sensory properties showed important variations among apricot cultivars. These differences were basically attributed to genetic reasons. Four very‐early apricot cultivars were studied, namely ‘Mirlo Blanco’, ‘Mirlo Anaranjado’, ‘Colorao’ and ‘Mogador’. All of them showed proper size and weight, but their contents of organic acids, sugars and bioactive compounds were low and the number of volatile compounds was also low. However, very‐early apricots showed an appropriate sensory profile for fresh consumption.CONCLUSIONRegarding physical, chemical and volatile composition and sensory properties, very‐early apricot cultivars could be recommended for fresh consumption. However, future research must be focused on increasing their contents of sugars, organic acids and bioactive and volatile compounds, perhaps via cultural practices such as deficit irrigation and/or mulching. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Confirming the factor structure of the alcohol and alcohol problems questionnaire (AAPPQ) in a sample of baccalaureate nursing students
Authors: Terhorst Lauren , Gotham Heather J. , Puskar Kathryn R. , Mitchell Ann M. , Talcott Kimberly S. , Braxter Betty , Hagle Holly , Fioravanti Marie , Woomer Gail R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire (AAPPQ) is a multi‐dimensional measure of clinicians' attitudes toward working with patients with alcohol problems. In the past 35 years, five‐ and six‐subscale versions and a short version of the AAPPQ have been published. While the reliability of the AAPPQ subscales has remained acceptable, the factor structure has not been verified using confirmatory techniques. In the current study, we split a sample of 299 baccalaureate nursing students to use exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). When compared to the original six‐factor solution and an imposed six‐factor structure in CFA, the EFA seven‐factor solution with three original items (19, 20, and 25) removed had the best model fit. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36: 412–422, 2013
With a Lot of Help from my Friends: Social Networks and Immigrants in the UK
Authors: Giulietti Corrado , Schluter Christian , Wahba Jackline 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a descriptive analysis of the role of social networks in the labour market, comparing immigrant and native men in the UK. We first explore the determinants of using social networks as a channel for looking for jobs. Our focus does not only lie on the main search method of job search, rather we also use information on whether social networks are used as a method of search among many alternative ones. We subsequently investigate the social network effects on labour market outcomes in terms of job‐finding rates. On the basis of the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey for the period 1992 to 2010, the analysis explores the role of two key aspects of immigrants′ human capital: the education level and years since immigration. We show that immigrants are more likely than White British‐born to rely on using social networks as a main search method, although no crucial difference is found when using personal contacts as a method of job search. However, immigrants are as likely as natives to find employment through their social network, yet among both groups, the less educated are more likely to succeed in obtaining jobs through contacts. Finally, the findings reveal no systematic pattern in the effect of years in the UK on job search success among immigrant groups. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.