bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does obesity associate with mortality among hispanic persons? Results from the national health interview survey
Authors: Mehta Tapan , McCubrey Raymond , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Keith Scott W. , Allison David B. , Crespo Carlos J. , Fontaine Kevin R. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between BMI: kg/m2 and mortality among Hispanic adults.Design and MethodsEight years (1997‐2004) of National Health Interview Survey data linked to public‐use mortality follow‐up data through 2006 were acquired. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, separate models for two attained age strata (18 to <60 years, ≥60 years) adjusting for sex, smoking, and physical activity with over 38,000 analyzable respondents were fit.ResultsAmong those aged ≥60 years, underweight (BMI ≤ 18.5) associated with elevated mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38‐3.46), whereas overweight (BMI of 25 to <30) and obesity grade 1 (BMI of 30 to <35) associated with reduced mortality (HRs = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65‐0.95 and 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56‐0.91), respectively. There were no significant associations between BMI and mortality among the 18 to <60 years attained age strata or among never smokers for either age strata.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity are not obviously associated with elevated mortality among Hispanic adults.
Sympathetic support of energy expenditure and sympathetic nervous system activity after gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Curry Timothy B. , Somaraju Madhuri , Hines Casey N. , Groenewald Cornelius B. , Miles John M. , Joyner Michael J. , Charkoudian Nisha 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:This study was designed to determine how gastric bypass affects the sympathetically‐mediated component of resting energy expenditure (REE) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA).Design and Methods:We measured REE before and after beta‐blockade in seventeen female subjects approximately three years post‐gastric bypass surgery and in nineteen female obese individuals for comparison. We also measured MSNA in a subset of these subjects.Results:The gastric bypass subjects had no change in REE after systemic beta‐blockade, reflecting a lack of sympathetic support of REE, in contrast to obese subjects where REE was reduced by beta‐blockade by approximately 5% (P < 0.05). The gastric bypass subjects, while still overweight (BMI = 29.3 vs 38.0 kg·m−2 for obese subjects, P < 0.05), also had significantly lower MSNA compared to obese subjects (10.9 ± 2.3 vs. 21.9 ± 4.1 bursts·min−1, P < 0.05). The reasons for low MSNA and a lack of sympathetically mediated support of REE after gastric bypass are likely multifactorial and may be related to changes in insulin sensitivity, body composition, and leptin, among other factors.Conclusions:These findings may have important consequences for the maintenance of weight loss after gastric bypass. Longitudinal studies are needed to further explore the changes in sympathetic support of REE and if changes in MSNA or tissue responsiveness are related to the sympathetic support of REE.
Neighborhood health‐promoting resources and obesity risk (the multi‐ethnic study of atherosclerosis)
Authors: Auchincloss Amy H. , Mujahid Mahasin S. , Shen Mingwu , Michos Erin D. , Whitt‐Glover Melicia C. , Diez Roux Ana V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:While behavioral change is necessary to reverse the obesity epidemic, it can be difficult to achieve and sustain in unsupportive residential environments. This study hypothesized that environmental resources supporting walking and a healthy diet are associated with reduced obesity incidence.Design and Methods:Data came from 4,008 adults aged 45‐84 at baseline who participated in a neighborhood ancillary study of the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Participants were enrolled at six study sites at baseline (2000‐2002) and neighborhood scales were derived from a supplementary survey that asked community residents to rate availability of healthy foods and walking environments for a 1‐mile buffer area. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Associations between incident obesity and neighborhood exposure were examined using proportional hazards and generalized linear regression.Results:Among 4,008 nonobese participants, 406 new obesity cases occurred during 5 years of follow‐up. Neighborhood healthy food environment was associated with 10% lower obesity incidence per s.d. increase in neighborhood score. The association persisted after adjustment for baseline BMI and individual‐level covariates (hazard ratio (HR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79, 0.97), and for correlated features of the walking environment but CIs widened to include the null (HR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.77, 1.03). Associations between neighborhood walking environment and lower obesity were weaker and did not persist after adjustment for correlated neighborhood healthy eating amenities (HR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.15).Conclusions:Altering the residential environment so that healthier behaviors and lifestyles can be easily chosen may be a precondition for sustaining existing healthy behaviors and for adopting new healthy behaviors.
Dietary patterns, abdominal visceral adipose tissue, and cardiometabolic risk factors in African Americans: The Jackson heart study
Authors: Liu Jiankang , Hickson DeMarc A. , Musani Solomon K. , Talegawkar Sameera A. , Carithers Teresa C. , Tucker Katherine L. , Fox Caroline S. , Taylor Herman A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:To examine the relative association of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) with cardiometabolic risk factors between African and European Americans.Design and Methods:We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 2035 African Americans from Jackson Heart Study (JHS) and 3170 European Americans from Framingham Heart Study (FHS) who underwent computed tomography assessment of VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). The FHS participants were weighted to match the age distribution of the JHS participants and the metabolic risk factors were examined by study groups in relation to VAT.Results:JHS participants had higher rates of obesity, hypertension, diabetes and metabolic syndrome than FHS participants (all p = 0.001). The associations were weaker in JHS women for VAT with blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL‐C, and total cholesterol (pinteraction = 0.03 to 0.001) than FHS women. In contrast, JHS men had stronger associations for VAT with high triglycerides, low HDL, and metabolic syndrome (all pinteraction = 0.001) compared to FHS men. Similar associations and gender patterns existed for SAT with most metabolic risk factors.Conclusions:The relative association between VAT and cardiometabolic risk factors is weaker in JHS women compared to FHS women, whereas stronger association with triglycerides and HDL were observed in JHS men.
Utility‐based quality of life associated with overweight and obesity: The australian diabetes, obesity, and lifestyle study
Authors: Keating Catherine L. , Peeters Anna , Swinburn Boyd A. , Magliano Dianna J. , Moodie Marjory L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to estimate utility‐based quality of life (UQoL) differences between healthy body weight and excess body weight categories.Design and Methods:Cross‐sectional analysis of 10,959 adults, participating in baseline data collection of the nationally representative Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study was undertaken. Height and weight were measured by trained personnel. Body weight categories were assigned as healthy weight, overweight, and obesity subclasses I, II and III. UQoL was assessed using the SF‐6D, which captures physical functioning, role limitation, social functioning, pain, mental health, and vitality on a score of 0.00–1.00 (worst‐best). The relationship between body weight categories and UQoL was assessed using linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, education, and smoking.Results:Relative to the healthy weight group (mean UQoL score 0.77), mean adjusted UQoL differences (95% confidence intervals) were 0.001 (−0.008, 0.010) for overweight, −0.012 (−0.022, −0.001) for class‐I obese, −0.020 (−0.041, 0.001) for class‐II obese, and −0.069 (−0.099, −0.039) for class‐III obese groups. Adding metabolic syndrome markers to the covariates had little impact on these differences.Conclusion:Results confirmed an inverse dose–response relationship between body weight and UQoL in this study of Australian adults. This highlights the need to incorporate UQoL measures which are sensitive to the subclasses of obesity when evaluating obesity interventions.
Histone demethylase KDM1A represses inflammatory gene expression in preadipocytes
Authors: Hanzu Felicia A. , Musri Melina M. , Sánchez‐Herrero Alvaro , Claret Marc , Esteban Yaiza , Kaliman Perla , Gomis Ramon , Párrizas Marcelina 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivePersistent inflammation and impaired adipogenesis are frequent features of obesity and underlie the development of its complications. However, the factors behind adipose tissue dysfunction are not completely understood. Previously it was shown that histone demethylase KDM1A is required for adipogenesis.Design and MethodsKdm1a expression was knocked down in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes by siRNA transfection and whole‐genome expression profiling was performed by microarray hybridization. The role of NF‐κβ and C/EBPβ was analyzed by incubation with the inhibitor parthenolide and by cebpb knockdown, respectively.ResultsKnockdown of kdm1a or rcor2 in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes results in impaired differentiation and induction of inflammatory gene expression. Enhanced expression of il6 in kdm1a knocked down preadipocytes is associated with increased recruitment of C/EBPβ and the NF‐κβ subunit RelA to the il6 promoter. Cebpb knockdown attenuates the induction of il6 expression in kdm1a knocked down cells, whereas simultaneous cebpb knockdown and NF‐κβ inhibition abrogates it. Dietary‐induced and genetic mouse models of obesity display decreased KDM1A in adipose tissue, and this correlates with increased expression of proinflammatory genes and C/EBPβ.ConclusionKDM1A represses the expression of inflammatory genes in preadipocytes. Dysregulated kdm1a expression in preadipocytes may thus participate in the development of obesity‐associated inflammation.
Kidney function decline in metformin versus sulfonylurea initiators: assessment of time‐dependent contribution of weight, blood pressure, and glycemic control
Authors: Hung Adriana M. , Roumie Christianne L. , Greevy Robert A. , Liu Xulei , Grijalva Carlos G. , Murff Harvey J. , Griffin Marie R. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveWe recently reported that kidney function declined faster among initiators of sulfonylureas compared to metformin; however, sulfonylurea use compared to metformin use was also associated with increases in body mass index (BMI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). We sought to determine if differences between sulfonylureas and metformin on kidney function decline were mediated by differential effects on BMI, SBP, or glucose control.MethodsWe identified 13 238 veterans who initiated sulfonylurea or metformin treatment (2000–2007) with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 mL/minute, and followed them until a study event occurred, non‐persistence on treatment, loss of follow‐up, or end of the study. The composite outcome was a sustained decline from baseline eGFR of ≥25%, end‐stage renal disease, or death. We estimated the association of cumulative measurements of potential mediators including BMI, SBP, and glycated hemoglobin on the study outcome. We determined if controlling for these time‐varying covariates accounted for the differences in outcome between sulfonylurea and metformin initiators.ResultsCompared to sulfonylurea use, metformin use was associated with a lower risk for renal function decline or death [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.70, 0.97]. This protective association remained significant [aHR 0.83 (0.70–0.98)] when accounting for the cumulative time‐varying measurements of the three mediators of interest.ConclusionMetformin initiation was associated with a lower risk of kidney function decline or death compared to sulfonylureas, which appeared to be independent of changes in BMI, SBP, and glycated hemoglobin over time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic generation of case‐detection algorithms to identify children with asthma from large electronic health record databases
Authors: Afzal Zubair , Engelkes Marjolein , Verhamme Katia M. C. , Janssens Hettie M. , Sturkenboom Miriam C. J. M. , Kors Jan A. , Schuemie Martijn J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeMost electronic health record databases contain unstructured free‐text narratives, which cannot be easily analyzed. Case‐detection algorithms are usually created manually and often rely only on using coded information such as International Classification of Diseases version 9 codes. We applied a machine‐learning approach to generate and evaluate an automated case‐detection algorithm that uses both free‐text and coded information to identify asthma cases.MethodsThe Integrated Primary Care Information (IPCI) database was searched for potential asthma patients aged 5–18 years using a broad query on asthma‐related codes, drugs, and free text. A training set of 5032 patients was created by manually annotating the potential patients as definite, probable, or doubtful asthma cases or non‐asthma cases. The rule‐learning program RIPPER was then used to generate algorithms to distinguish cases from non‐cases. An over‐sampling method was used to balance the performance of the automated algorithm to meet our study requirements. Performance of the automated algorithm was evaluated against the manually annotated set.ResultsThe selected algorithm yielded a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.66, sensitivity of 0.98, and specificity of 0.95 when identifying only definite asthma cases; a PPV of 0.82, sensitivity of 0.96, and specificity of 0.90 when identifying both definite and probable asthma cases; and a PPV of 0.57, sensitivity of 0.95, and specificity of 0.67 for the scenario identifying definite, probable, and doubtful asthma cases.ConclusionsThe automated algorithm shows good performance in detecting cases of asthma utilizing both free‐text and coded data. This algorithm will facilitate large‐scale studies of asthma in the IPCI database. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of a new family of photoactive liquid crystalline polyesters based on α‐methylstilbene
Authors: Tylkowski Bartosz , Bogdanowicz Krzysztof A , Ambrogi Veronica , Lederer Albena , Patroniak Violetta , Giamberini Marta 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA liquid crystal polyester and two liquid crystal copolyesters containing α‐methylstilbene moieties and aliphatic or aromatic spacers in the backbone were synthesized in good yields, with the aim of using them for photosensitive microcapsule preparation. The synthesized polymers were fully characterized with respect to thermal stability, type of mesophase, molecular weight and E–Z photoisomerization. Combination of monomers with different structures allowed adjustment of the polymer characteristics such as degree of crystallinity and glass transition temperature, as verified using X‐ray diffraction, polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Quantitative 1H NMR and UV‐visible experiments were performed in order to investigate E–Z photoisomerization after photoirradiation at 364 nm. Finally, a membrane based on one of these polymers was prepared and it was found that its wettability increased on photoirradiation. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characteristics of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid)/Fe3O4/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid) two‐shell thermosensitive magnetic composite hollow latex particles
Authors: Lee Chia‐Fen , Wang Yu‐Cheng , Chiu Wen‐Yen 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐methylacrylate acid)/Fe3O4/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐methylacrylate acid) (poly(NIPAAm‐MAA)/Fe3O4/poly(NIPAAm‐MAA)) two‐shell magnetic composite hollow latex particles were synthesized by four steps. The poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methylacrylate acid) (poly(MMA‐MAA)) copolymer latex particles were synthesized first. Then, the second step was to polymerize NIPAAm, MAA, and crosslinking agent in the presence of poly(MMA‐MAA) latex particles to form the linear poly(MMA‐MAA)/crosslinking poly(NIPAAm‐MAA) core–shell latex particles. Then, the core–shell latex particles were heated in the presence of NH4OH to dissolve the linear poly(MMA‐MAA) core to form the poly(NIPAAm‐MAA) hollow latex particles. In the third step, the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were generated in the presence of poly(NIPAAm‐MAA) hollow polymer latex particles and formed the poly(NIPAAm‐MAA)/Fe3O4 magnetic composite hollow latex particles. The fourth step was to synthesize poly(NIPAAm‐MAA) in the presence of poly(NIPAAm‐MAA)/Fe3O4 latex particles to form the poly(NIPAAm‐MAA)/Fe3O4/poly(NIPAAm‐MAA) two‐shell magnetic composite hollow latex particles. The effect of various variables such as reactant concentration, monomer ratio, and pH value on the morphology and volume‐phase transition temperature of two‐shell magnetic composite hollow latex particles was studied. Moreover, the latex particles were used as carriers to load with caffeine, and the caffeine‐loading characteristics and caffeine release rate of latex particles were also studied. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2880–2891
Preparation of novel cyclic olefin copolymer with high glass transition temperature
Authors: Hong Miao , Yang Guo‐Fan , Long Ying‐Yun , Yu Shijun , Li Yue‐Sheng 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA series of novel cyclic olefin copolymers (COCs), including ethylene/tricyclo[4.3.0.12,5]deca‐3‐ene (TDE), ethylene/tricyclo[4.4.0.12,5]undec‐3‐ene (TUE), and ethylene/tricyclo[6.4.0.19,12]tridec‐10‐ene (TTE) copolymers, have been synthesized via effective copolymerizations of ethylene with bulk cyclic olefin comonomers using bis(β‐enaminoketonato) titanium catalysts (1a [PhNC(CH3)CHC(CF3)O]2TiCl2; 1b: [PhNC(CF3)CHC(Ph)O]2TiCl2). With modified methylaluminoxane as a cocatalyst, both catalysts exhibit high catalytic activities, producing high molecular weight copolymers with high comonomer incorporations and unimodal molecular weight distributions. The microstructures of obtained ethylene/COCs are established by combination of 1H, 13C NMR, 13C DEPT, HSQC 1H13C, and 1H1H COSY NMR spectra. DSC analyses indicate that the glass transition temperature (Tg) increases with the enhancement of comonomer volume (TDE < TUE < TTE). High Tg value up to 180 °C is easily attained in ethylene/TTE copolymer with the low content of 35.8 mol %. TGA analyses reveal that these copolymers all possess high thermal stability with degradation temperatures (Td) higher than 370 °C in N2 and air. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3144–3152
Surface Characterization of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma‐Deposited Allyl Methacrylate and Acrylic Acid Based Coatings
Authors: Nisol Bernard , Batan Abdelkrim , Dabeux François , Kakaroglou Alexandros , De Graeve Iris , Van Assche Guy , Van Mele Bruno , Terryn Herman , Reniers François 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis work deals with the plasma‐deposition of allyl methacrylate (AMA) and acrylic acid (AA) on metallic substrates. The plasma setup used is an atmospheric pressure radio frequency (RF) torch. Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used as characterization tools. In addition, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) has been used to control the thickness and calculate the corresponding deposition rates. Whereas the surface chemistry of plasma deposited AMA does not seem to be influenced by the plasma power, acrylic acid based coatings are strongly degraded with the increasing power. AMA seems to allow an efficient polymerization, while at the same time is particularly resistant to plasma induced fragmentation in the range of power used. magnified image
Improving a convection‐permitting model simulation of a cold air outbreak
Authors: Field P. R. , Cotton R. J. , McBeath K. , Lock A. P. , Webster S. , Allan R. P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA convection‐permitting local‐area model was used to simulate a cold air outbreak crossing from the Norwegian Sea into the Atlantic Ocean near Scotland. A control model run based on an operational configuration of the Met Office UKV high‐resolution (1.5 km grid spacing) NWP model was compared to satellite, aircraft and radar data. While the control model captured the large‐scale features of the synoptic situation, it was not able to reproduce the shallow (<1.5 km) stratiform layer to the north of the open cellular convection. Liquid water paths were found to be too low in both the stratiform and convective cloud regions. Sensitivity analyses including a modified boundary‐layer diagnosis to generate a more well‐mixed boundary layer and inhibition of ice formation to lower temperatures improved cloud morphology and comparisons with observational data.
Determination of fucoxanthin isomers in microalgae (Isochrysis sp.) by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode‐array detector multistage mass spectrometry coupled with positive electrospray ionization
Authors: Crupi Pasquale , Toci Aline Theodore , Mangini Silvio , Wrubl Federico , Rodolfi Liliana , Tredici Mario R. , Coletta Antonio , Antonacci Donato 
Published: April 2013

RATIONALEDue to their health benefits, there is growing interest in the production and use of carotenoids from natural sources, e.g. microalgae. To date, only Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella, that accumulate, respectively, astaxanthin and β‐carotene in large quantities, are grown commercially. However, interest is also being focused on other xanthophylls, such as (all‐E)‐fucoxanthin characterized by anti‐obesity and anti‐carcinogenic effects. In this regard, rigorous chemical and analytical techniques following preparative isolation of components are needed to unequivocally identify individual carotenoids in microalgae.METHODSThe carotenoid profile of Isochrysis sp. biomass, produced in closed photobioreactors, was determined by reversed‐phase C30 (RP‐30) high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode‐array detector mass spectrometry using positive electrospray ionization (HPLC/DAD‐MS/ESI+) analysis. Additionally, multistage mass spectrometry (MSn) analyses, together with fine structures of the UV–vis spectra, were used to differentiate structural and geometrical isomers.RESULTSThis technique allowed the simultaneous determination of geometrical, isomers of fucoxanthin (all‐E‐fucoxanthin, 13Z‐, 13'Z‐ and 9'Z‐fucoxanthin), diatoxanthin and 5,8‐epoxydiadinoxanthin diasteroisomers (R/S). The analyzed extracts contained fucoxanthin isomers as the major carotenoids and, in particular, (all‐E)‐fucoxanthin was the main geometrical isomer (~̴ 85%) found at a concentration of 17 mg/g of the lyophilized biomass.CONCLUSIONSConsidering the high content of fucoxanthin in Isochrysis sp. biomass, the microalga could be proposed as a source of this compound for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.