bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of being a female carrier of haemophilia and the mother of a haemophilic child
Authors: Myrin‐Westesson L. , Baghaei F. , Friberg F. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryLimited research has been conducted on how the female carrier experiences her life with a haemophilic child, and earlier studies are mostly questionnaire‐based. No previous qualitative study on the female carrier's situation has been conducted in Sweden. The aim of the study was to describe the lived experience of being a carrier of severe or moderate haemophilia and of being the mother of a haemophilic child. The study was conducted via qualitative interviews and analysed by means of a phenomenological hermeneutic method; a total of 13 haemophilia carriers were interviewed in 2010. Being a carrier of haemophilia and having a haemophilic child was life changing. The women moved from a state of sad, guilty chaos to reconciling themselves with the new situation. Our analysis revealed three acts in which phenomena appeared: the time after diagnosis, the turning point and reconciliation with a changing life. Emerging as crucial to the process of reconciliation with a changing life was a sense of being fully informed and supported. The Haemophilia Treatment Centre (HTC) should create an environment that encourages learning, and the team should invite and encourage the woman's partner to be actively involved in the child's care. Moreover, the results indicate that it would be beneficial to invite female carriers to receive patient education at the HTC before they plan to start a family. During this visit, the woman may gain a greater understanding of her carriership to prepare her for future decisions concerning prenatal diagnosis, for example.
Ranking of dental and somatic pain sensations among paediatric dental patients
Authors: Ratson Tal , Peretz Benjamin 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundChildren suffer from somatic and dental pain, which may interfere with their everyday life. Pain self‐report tools are available for children. Research is needed to better understand the perception of dental pain in comparison with pain in other organs.AimTo investigate relations between the perceptions of dental and somatic pain complaints among school‐age children.DesignOne hundred and two children, aged 7–17 years (mean age, 11.5 ± 2.65 years), completed questioners regarding their somatic and dental: 1. Memory pain rank (MPR) and 2. Wong‐Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (FRS).ResultsChildren reported increased dental pain after school in both scales (P = 0.015 in MPR). In both MPR and FRS, the pattern of pain ranking was similar: Abdominal pain was scored highest (2.75 ± 1.4 and 1.56 ± 1.63, respectively), followed by headache, ear, dental and TMJ (Temporomandibular joint).ConclusionThere was a strong correlation between pain perception and current pain scores in every organ. Somatic pain, namely head, abdomen and ears, was ranked significantly higher than dental and TMJ pain. School‐aged children rank current pain and pain experience significantly lower while they are pre‐occupied (school time) in comparison with times when they are less busy (after school time).
Examining interpersonal trust as a facilitator and uncertainty as an inhibitor of intra‐organisational knowledge sharing
Authors: Hsu Meng‐Hsiang , Chang Chun‐Ming 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study developed a theoretical model to explore the antecedents of interpersonal trust and the impact of interpersonal trust and uncertainty on intra‐organisational knowledge sharing in highly information‐technology‐mediated work environments. The proposed model was tested empirically using survey data collected from five telecommunication companies. The findings reveal that interpersonal trust has a positive effect on knowledge sharing, while uncertainty has a negative effect upon knowledge sharing. The results also show that social interaction ties and shared knowledge‐sharing vision are the antecedent factors of interpersonal trust, and that uncertainty regarding knowledge sharing is increased by seeker absorptive capability concerns, reciprocity concerns and fear of losing knowledge power. Some important implications for theory and practice as well as directions for future study are discussed.
NXCL-4950, a novel composite applicable to peripheral skin, is capable of increasing skin temperature by enhancing capillary circulation
Authors: Kim D.-C. , Lee C.-E. 
Published: September 2012

Summary
Background. Rapid skin warming and prompt correct medical treatment lead to dramatic improvement in patients with peripheral capillary-related damage, such as injuries, Raynaud disease and frostbite.
Aim. To characterize a novel composite, NXCL-4950, for use in a cosmetic lotion.
Methods. The effects of NXCL-4950 on enhancing skin blood flow, skin temperature warming, and expansion of peripheral blood vessels and scalp microvessels were investigated.
Results. Monitoring by laser Doppler perfusion imaging and thermal imaging showed that application of NXCL-4950 to the hands increased skin blood flow and temperature relative to the control (or placebo) group. For the 20 participants with a high Raynaud Condition Score, application of NXCL-4950 to the skin resulted in a mean increase of 215.53% in microvessel diameter and mean increase of 164.96% in the speed of blood flow. When NXCL-4950 was applied to the scalp, the microvessels around the hair roots were clearly visible after 20 min.
Conclusion. NXCL-4950 is a potential candidate for enhancing peripheral skin temperature, and might be useful in the treatment of capillary-related disorders.
p16INK4a/Ki‐67 dual labelling as a marker for the presence of high‐grade cancer cells or disease progression in urinary cytopathology
Authors: Piaton E. , Advenier A. S. , Carré C. , Decaussin‐Petrucci M. , Mege‐Lechevallier F. , Ruffion A. 
Published: September 2012

E. Piaton, A. S. Advenier, C. Carré, M. Decaussin‐Petrucci, F. Mege‐Lechevallier and A. Ruffion  p16INK4a/Ki‐67 dual labelling as a marker for the presence of high‐grade cancer cells or disease progression in urinary cytopathologyObjective:  Overexpression of p16INK4a independent of the presence of E6–E7 oncoproteins of high‐risk papillomaviruses has been identified in bladder carcinoma in situ lesions with or without concurrent papillary or invasive high‐grade (HG) urothelial carcinoma. As p16INK4a and Ki‐67 co‐expression clearly indicates deregulation of the cell cycle, the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of p16INK4a/Ki‐67 dual labelling in urinary cytology samples.Methods:  Immunolabelling was performed in demounted, destained Papanicolaou slides after ThinPrep® processing. A total of 84 urinary cytology samples (18 negative, 10 low grade, 19 atypical urothelial cells and 37 high grade) were analysed for p16INK4a/Ki‐67 co‐expression. We assessed underlying urothelial malignancy with cystoscopy, histopathology and follow‐up data in every case.Results:  Compared with raw histopathological results, p16 INK4a/Ki‐67 dual labelling was observed in 48 out of 55 (87.3%) HG lesions and in 11 out of 29 (37.9%) negative, papillary urothelial neoplasia of low malignant potential or low‐grade carcinomas (P = 0.05). All cases with high‐grade/malignant cytology were dual labelled. Sixteen out of 17 (94.1%) carcinoma in situ cases and eight out of 14 (57.1%) cases with atypical urothelial cells matching with HG lesions were dual labelled. Extended follow‐up allowed three cases of progression to be diagnosed in dual‐labelled cases with negative/low‐grade cytology results after a 9‐ to 11‐months delay.Conclusions:  The data show that p16INK4a/Ki‐67 co‐expression allows most HG cancer cells to be detected initially and in the follow‐up period. Additional studies are needed in order to determine whether dual labelling can be used as a triage tool for atypical urothelial cells in the urine.
Fitness consequences of nest infiltration by the mutualist‐exploiter Megalomyrmex adamsae
Authors: ADAMS RACHELLE M. M. , SHAH KOMAL , ANTONOV LUBOMIR D. , MUELLER ULRICH G. 
Published: September 2012

1. Fungus‐growing ants are obligate mutualists. Their nutrient‐rich fungus garden provides a valuable food store that sustains the ant hosts, but can also attract social parasites.2. The ‘guest ant' Megalomyrmex adamsae Longino parasitises the fungus‐growing Trachymyrmex zeteki Weber queen just after nest founding. The parasitic queen infiltrates the incipient nest, builds a cavity in the fungal garden, and lays eggs that develop into workers and reproductive males and females.3. This study compared young parasitised and non‐parasitised laboratory colonies by measuring garden growth and biomass, and the number of host workers and reproductives. Host queen survival and parasite colony growth were also monitored.4. Parasitised Trachymyrmex colonies had reduced host worker and alate numbers, as well as lower garden biomass, compared with non‐parasitised control colonies, confirming that M. adamsae is a xenobiotic social parasite. Host queen survival was not significantly different between parasitised and control colonies.5. This is the first study that experimentally infects host colonies with a xenobiotic social parasite to measure fitness cost to the host. The natural history of M. adamsae and the fungus‐growing ant mutualism are evaluated in the context of three general predictions of (Bronstein, Ecology Letters, 4, 277–287, 2001a) regarding the cost of mutualism exploiters.
Geographic comparison of seasonal migration events of the large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae
Authors: SPIETH HUBERT R. , CORDES RALF 
Published: September 2012

1. The multivoltine butterfly Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus) inhabits most climatic zones in Europe and Asia. Its regional populations are adapted to the respective climatic conditions and hibernate in those regions. Yet how these adaptations are stabilised in spite of the species' regular migration events is unclear.2. In this study, significant differences were found in the preferred flight direction of P. brassicae depending on the season and the butterfly's geographic origin. The individual flight behaviours indicated that flight direction is a heritable character.3. The bivoltine population from northern Germany undertook a typical return flight in the second generation of the year. This reverse flight was induced by the developmental mode of the caterpillars. A diapause in the pupal stage triggered a northward migration, and a non‐diapause a southward migration.4. In contrast to bivoltine populations, the second generation of multivoltine populations maintained the direction of the hibernating generation.5. A unique situation was determined for the population from the northern coast of Spain. The North Sea seemed to be a migration barrier that forced an adaptation, with the first generation flying southeastward, and the second generation northeastward.6. The flight pattern of at least some of the investigated populations suggests that, after their yearly migration, the descendants of a local population are able to reach the home range of their ancestors again.
Evidence‐based control of canine rabies: a critical review of population density reduction
Authors: Morters Michelle K. , Restif Olivier , Hampson Katie , Cleaveland Sarah , Wood James L. N. , Conlan Andrew J. K. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryControl measures for canine rabies include vaccination and reducing population density through culling or sterilization.Despite the evidence that culling fails to control canine rabies, efforts to reduce canine population density continue in many parts of the world.The rationale for reducing population density is that rabies transmission is density‐dependent, with disease incidence increasing directly with host density. This may be based, in part, on an incomplete interpretation of historical field data for wildlife, with important implications for disease control in dog populations. Here, we examine historical and more recent field data, in the context of host ecology and epidemic theory, to understand better the role of density in rabies transmission and the reasons why culling fails to control rabies.We conclude that the relationship between host density, disease incidence and other factors is complex and may differ between species. This highlights the difficulties of interpreting field data and the constraints of extrapolations between species, particularly in terms of control policies.We also propose that the complex interactions between dogs and people may render culling of free‐roaming dogs ineffective irrespective of the relationship between host density and disease incidence.We conclude that vaccination is the most effective means to control rabies in all species.
Long sleep duration and cause‐specific mortality according to physical function and self‐rated health: the Ohsaki Cohort Study
Authors: Kakizaki Masako , Kuriyama Shinichi , Nakaya Naoki , Sone Toshimasa , Nagai Masato , Sugawara Yumi , Hozawa Atsushi , Fukudo Shin , Tsuji Ichiro 
Published: September 2012

SummaryAlthough several studies have examined the association between sleep duration and all‐cause or cause‐specific mortality, it is unclear whether long sleep duration might merely reflect decreased physical strength and poorer health status. We therefore examined the association between sleep duration and all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality, and conducted stratified analysis based on physical function and self‐rated health. This study used prospective data from the Ohsaki Cohort Study, conducted in Miyagi Prefecture, in northern Japan. This study population comprised 49 256 subjects aged 40–79 years at the baseline survey. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality according to the five categories of sleep duration (≤6, 7, 8, 9, ≥10 h day−1), treating 7 h as the reference group, employing Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis. We found that long sleep duration was associated with mortality. The HRs (95% CIs) of subjects who slept more than 10 h were 1.37 (1.27–1.47), 1.49 (1.30–1.71) and 1.53 (1.36–1.73) for mortality due to all causes, total cardiovascular disease and other causes of death mortality, respectively. The association between long sleep duration and stroke mortality was especially marked among subjects with limited physical function and poorer health status. However, we did not observe such a trend for mortality due to all causes, total cardiovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, cancer or other causes of death. We conclude that, with the exception of stroke mortality, the association between long sleep duration and mortality is not modified by physical function or health status.
Diagnostic tools of metabolic and structural brain disturbances in neonatal non‐ketotic hyperglycinemia
Authors: Terek Demet , Koroglu Ozge Altun , Gunes Sezgin , Yalaz Mehmet , Akisu Mete , Uçar Sema Kalkan , Gokben Sarenur , Çoker Mahmut , Kultursay Nilgün 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNon‐ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glycine metabolism. We report a newborn case of NKH and discuss the effects of this rare disease on brain metabolism and structure together with amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography, cranial magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings which are very rarely reported together so far.
Plasmakinetic bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer: A single center randomized controlled trial
Authors: Del Rosso Alessandro , Pace Gianna , Masciovecchio Stefano , Saldutto Pietro , Galatioto Giuseppe Paradiso , Vicentini Carlo 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesTo compare the safety and the efficacy of plasmakinetic bipolar resectoscope versus conventional monopolar in the transurethral resection of primary non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer.MethodsFrom January 2007 to December 2009, 132 patients underwent endoscopic resection for primary non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer. They were randomly assigned to two groups: 67 patients underwent a transurethral resection of the bladder with bipolar plasmakinetic energy transurethral resection of the bladder and 65 were treated with conventional monopolar transurethral resection.ResultsThe mean operative time was 27 min for bipolar plasmakinetic energy transurethral resection of the bladder and 31 min for monopolar transurethral resection of the bladder. No significant differences in the mean change of hemoglobin and serum sodium level were observed. Mean catheterization time was 1.3 days and 2.3 days for bipolar plasmakinetic energy transurethral resection of the bladder and monopolar transurethral resection of the bladder, respectively. The mean hospital stay was shorter in the bipolar plasmakinetic energy transurethral resection of the bladder. Bladder perforation was reported in two cases for the monopolar transurethral resection of the bladder group and obturator nerve reflex occurred in a single case for both procedures. None of the patients experienced transurethral resection syndrome. The median time of bladder tumor recurrence after initial transurethral resection of the bladder was 12.4 months and 11.9 months for bipolar plasmakinetic energy transurethral resection of the bladder and monopolar transurethral resection of the bladder, respectively. No significant differences in the overall recurrence‐free survival rate were observed comparing the two procedures.ConclusionsPlasmakinetic bipolar transurethral resection represents a safe and effective procedure in the management of non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Reproducibility of intraocular pressure peak and fluctuation of the water‐drinking test
Authors: Hatanaka Marcelo , Alencar Luciana M , De Moraes Carlos G , Susanna Remo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe water‐drinking test has been used as a stress test to evaluate the drainage system of the eye. However, in order to be clinically applicable,a test must provide reproducible results with consistent measurements. This study was performed to verify the reproducibility of intraocular pressure peaks and fluctuation detected during the water‐drinking test in patients with ocular hypertension and open‐angle glaucoma.DesignA prospective analysis of patients in a tertiary care unit for glaucoma treatment.ParticipantsTwenty‐four ocular hypertension and 64 open‐angle glaucoma patients not under treatment.MethodsThe water‐drinking test was performed in 2 consecutive days by the same examiners in patients not under treatment. Reproducibility was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient.Main Outcome MeasuresPeak and fluctuation of intraocular pressure obtained with the water‐drinking test were analysed for reproducibility.ResultsEighty‐eight eyes from 24 ocular hypertension and 64 open‐angle glaucoma patients not under treatment were evaluated. Test and retest intraocular pressure peak values were 28.38 ± 4.64 and 28.38 ± 4.56 mmHg, respectively (P = 1.00). Test and retest intraocular pressure fluctuation values were 5.75 ± 3.9 and 4.99 ± 2.7 mmHg, respectively (P = 0.06). Based on intraclass coefficient, reproducibility was excellent for peak intraocular pressure (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79) and fair for intraocular pressure fluctuation (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.37).ConclusionIntraocular pressure peaks detected during the water‐drinking test presented excellent reproducibility, whereas the reproducibility of fluctuation was considered fair.
Experimental chronic ocular hypertension by anterior chamber injection of 0.3% carbomer solution in the rat
Authors: Kim Hwang‐Gyun , Park Jung‐Won , Park Sang‐Woo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate a chronic ocular hypertensive model by anterior chamber injection of 0.3% carbomer solution in rats.MethodsChronic ocular hypertension was induced unilaterally by injecting 20 μL of 0.3% carbomer solution into the anterior chamber in 3‐month‐old Sprague Dawley rats. Intraocular pressure was measured everyday for 1 week and then every week for 2 months after a single or repeated injection. Retinal ganglion cell loss was assessed quantitatively using FluoroGold labelling at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after injection. Anterior chamber angle and optic nerve were examined after chronic intraocular pressure elevation.ResultsThe mean and peak intraocular pressure of the injected eyes were elevated significantly higher than those of the control eyes for 6 weeks of the experiment, after a single injection of carbomer solution and a second injection at 2 weeks resulted in an 8‐week elevation of the mean and peak intraocular pressure, which was significantly higher than those of the control eyes. Elevated intraocular pressure induced retinal ganglion cell loss by approximately 21%, 27% and 38% compared with that in the control eyes at 2, 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, after a single injection. In carbomer‐injected eyes with chronic intraocular pressure elevation, the obstruction of anterior chamber angle by peripheral anterior synechia and optic nerve degeneration were observed.ConclusionsAnterior chamber injection of 0.3% carbomer solution was an effective and reproducible method to produce chronic intraocular pressure elevation and glaucomatous neurodegeneration in rats.
Full correction and Undercorrection of Myopia Evaluation Trial: design and baseline data of a randomized, controlled, double‐blind trial
Authors: Li Shi‐Ming , Li Si‐Yuan , Liu Luo‐Ru , Guo Ji‐Yuan , Chen Wei , Wang Ning‐Li , Millodot Michel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the difference in the rate of myopic progression between children wearing single vision lenses with undercorrection of +0.50 D and children whose myopia is fully corrected, and to explore the factors that may influence the process.DesignRandomized, controlled, double‐blind trial.ParticipantsTwo hundred children aged 7–15 years with low‐to‐moderate myopia (−1.5 D to −6.0 D), astigmatism <−1.5 D and anisometropia <1.0 D.MethodsThe children were randomly allocated to wear single vision lenses with full correction or undercorrection by +0.50 D. Ocular examinations and questionnaire surveys for myopia‐related factors will be performed every 6 months.Main Outcome MeasuresCycloplegic autorefraction and axial length.ResultsOf 200 children, 100 (50%) were girls, 41 (21%) esophoric and 82 (42%) exophoric at near. The characteristics of gender, age, age of myopia onset, phoria, eye dominance, parental myopia, refractive error, axial length, corneal curvature, mean time spent in near work and outdoor activities between the two groups were not significantly different. The accommodative responses at 33 cm, the accommodative demands and lags at infinity were significantly different in the two groups as they were measured with full correction in one group and undercorrection in the other.ConclusionFull correction and Undercorrection of Myopia Evaluation Trial is a clinical trial designed to determine the effectiveness of undercorrection of myopia by +0.5 D on myopic progression in a population of school‐aged children known to be susceptible to myopia and to identify the factors influencing the process.