bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in southern Thailand
Authors: Kongrueng J , Yingkajorn M , Bunpa S , Sermwittayawong N , Singkhamanan K , Vuddhakul V 
Published: October 2014

AbstractVibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from shrimp of five farms located in the Pattani and Songkhla provinces of southern Thailand. Using a PCR method targeted to the unique DNA sequences derived from the plasmid (AP2 primers) and the toxin gene (AP3 primers) of V. parahaemolyticus that caused acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), a total of 33 of 108 isolates were positive. In contrast, all 63 and 66 isolates of clinical and environmental V. parahaemolyticus, respectively, obtained previously from 2008 to 2014 from the same area were negative. This implied that these strains were likely to be the cause of the outbreak of AHPND in this area. Intestinal samples proved to be a better source for the isolation of V. parahaemolyticus AHPND than the hepatopancreas. All isolates were investigated for haemolytic activity, virulence genes, serotypes, genotypes and antibiotic susceptibility. All the AHPND isolates had a unique O antigen, but small variations of the K antigens were detected from different farms. In addition, the DNA profiles of V. parahaemolyticus AHPND isolates were similar, but distinct from those clinical and environmental isolates. It is postulated that the causative agent of AHPND might have originated from one clone and then slightly different serotypes subsequently developed.
Health Empowerment Among Immigrant Women in Transnational Marriages in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Yung‐Mei , Wang Hsiu‐Hung , Lee Fang‐Hsin , Lin Miao‐Ling , Lin Pei‐Chao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a theory‐based intervention designed to promote increased health empowerment for marriage migrant women in Taiwan. The rapid increase of international marriage immigration through matchmaking agencies has received great attention recently because of its impact on social and public health issues in the receiving countries.Design and MethodsA participatory action research (PAR) and in‐depth interviews were adopted. Sixty‐eight women participated in this study. Eight workshops of the health empowerment project were completed.FindingsThrough a PAR‐based project, participants received positive outcomes. Four outcome themes were identified: (a) increasing health literacy, (b) facilitating capacity to build social networks, (c) enhancing sense of self‐worth, and (d) building psychological resilience.ConclusionsPAR was a helpful strategy that enabled disadvantaged migrant women to increase their health literacy, psychological and social health, and well‐being.Clinical RelevanceThe findings can be referenced by the government in making health‐promoting policies for Southeast Asian immigrant women to increase their well‐being. Community health nurses can apply PAR strategies to plan and design health promotion intervention for disadvantaged migrant women.
Serial MR Imaging in Suprasellar Xanthogranuloma: Growth Pattern and New Lesions
Authors: Madan Mohan Balaguruswamy , Mohamed Ezaz , Jain Sunil Kumar , Jain Manoj , Jaiswal Awadesh Kumar 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTXanthogranuloma is a rare lesion of the sellar‐suprasellar region. We describe a case of suprasellar xanthogranuloma in whom serial MRI revealed features that have not been previously described—development of dural tail, vascular encasement and intra‐axial lesions in posterior fossa.
Health needs of regional Australian children in out‐of‐home care
Authors: Arora Nitin , Kaltner Melissa , Williams Judy 
Published: October 2014

AimThis study aims to identify the health needs of children placed in out‐of‐home care in regional Queensland and to compare them with the needs of similar children in metropolitan Queensland.MethodsRetrospective chart review and subsequent analysis of data from the first assessments of the children placed in care from January 2005 to April 2011. Health needs based on assessment recommendations were then compared with needs and recommendations from a similar clinic in metropolitan Brisbane.ResultsTwo hundred thirty‐nine first assessments were reviewed. The average number of health referrals arising out of each assessment was 2. 72% children were between 2 and 12 years of age and accounted for 76% of the health referrals made. The 10–13% of the children needed referrals for medical and surgical specialties, audiology, speech pathology, dental, and ophthalmology/optometry, each. A percentage of 30 needed ongoing paediatric care. The 15% needed immunisation catch up, 35% counselling and behaviour management, and 15% formal mental health referrals. These were comparable to the health needs identified in out‐of‐home care children residing in metropolitan Queensland.ConclusionChildren in care who live in a regional setting have similar health‐care needs compared with urban children. Given restricted health services in regional settings, there is difficulty in accessing services to meet these needs.
Joint hypermobility syndrome: A review for clinicians
Authors: Pacey Verity , Tofts Louise , Wesley Alison , Collins Felicity , Singh‐Grewal Davinder 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe term ‘joint hypermobility’ describes synovial joints that move beyond a normal range of motion. ‘Joint hypermobilty syndrome’ may also be associated with significant symptoms and impaired quality of life. The purpose of this review is to help the generalist to recognise the condition, exclude significant alternative diagnoses and understand the multidisciplinary approach to management.
Change occurs when body meets environment: A review of the embodied nature of development
Authors: Maruyama Shin , Dineva Evelina , Spencer John P. , Schöner Gregor 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to outline the challenges of psychological research in addressing the mechanisms of emergence: how new behavioral patterns and cognitive abilities arise from the interaction of an organism with its environment in real time. We review some of the empirical studies on infant development with reference to Dynamical Systems accounts and relevant views such as the ecological approach to perception and action, and cover topics ranging from early motor skills to goal‐directed locomotion and to higher cognitive development. The central claim is that the results of these studies are essentially related: they suggest that there is a fundamental connection among perception, motor behavior, and cognition. In addition, we recount our attempt to re‐enact the situatedness and temporal structure of the decision‐making processes of human infants by using an autonomous robotic device. We conclude by highlighting several insights from the broad spectrum of studies looking into the embodied nature of adaptive behavior. In our view, such studies are making a profound contribution to uncovering the emergent mechanisms of intellectual and bodily activity throughout development.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of an in situ forming gel system for sustained delivery of Florfenicol
Authors: Yu Z.‐G. , Geng Z.‐X. , Liu T.‐F. , Jiang F. 
Published: October 2014

The objective of this study was to develop an injectable in situ forming gel system based on Poloxamer for sustained release of Florfenicol (FFC). The formulations were prepared containing certain amounts of Poloxamer 407 (P407) and Poloxamer 188 (P188) alone or with hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC‐Na), or polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as polymer additives. The optimal formulation was chosen according to in vitro parameters (gelation temperature, gelation time, pH value, viscosity, and in vitro release). Then the FFC in vivo pharmacokinetic character of the optimal formulation was investigated in dogs with a single dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. under s.c. injection. In vitro release studies, all formulations containing polymer additives had prolonged release time and decreased initial burst to some extent. The optimal formulation containing 0.15% HPMC showed a best sustained release profile for about 128 h with the lowest initial burst in vitro (<40% in 24 h). In vivo, the 20% FFC in situ forming gel provided prolonged drug release time within the therapeutic range for about 100 h, with stable plasma levels and elimination half‐life (t1/2λz) nine times higher than the control formulation. In conclusion, in situ forming gel is an attractive alternative for FFC sustained release system.
Effect of Salinity on Growth and Survival in Juvenile Opossum Pipefish,Microphis brachyurus, in Culture Conditions
Authors: Martinez‐Cardenas Leonardo , Valdez‐Hernández Edna F. , González‐Díaz Alfonso A. , Soria‐Barreto Miriam , Castañeda‐Chavez María R. , Lango‐Reynoso Fabiola , Ruiz‐Velazco Javier M. , Peña‐Messina Emilio 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNatural populations of the opossum pipefish,Microphis brachyurus, are affected in Mexico by anthropogenic alteration of their habitat and unregulated fishing as this species is traded as an aquarium fish without formal records as occurs with other syngnathids around the world.M. brachyurusis an estuarine fish adapted to salinity fluctuations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect on growth, condition, and survival of juvenile pipefish cultured for 4 wk at salinities of 0, 8, and 16 g/L. Pipefish were fed enrichedArtemianauplii maintaining a ration rate of 14% body weight per day (dry weightArtemia: wet weight fish). Pipefish cultured at 16 g/L showed lower survival (40%) than those at 0 and 8 g/L (100 and 96%, respectively), while juveniles cultured in 8 and 16 g/L were heavier (0.393 and 0.388 g, respectively), longer (9.9 cm), and grew faster (1.4) than those in 0 g/L (0.294 g, 9.1 cm, and 0.44, respectively). This study is the first to report that a salinity of 16 g/L compromisesM. brachyurusculture potential and a salinity of 0 g/L caused poor growth while the optimal salinity for the species appears to be around 8 g/L.
Induction of Diploid Androgenesis in the Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis
Authors: Christopher J. G. , Murugesan A. G. , Sukumaran N. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study reports the results on induced diploid androgenesis in the Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was used to inactivate maternal genome of H. fossilis. Complete inactivation of maternal genome was recorded at 12,500 ergs/mm2. These genome‐inactivated eggs of H. fossilis were inseminated with conspecific sperm. The sperm suspension was diluted to 1 × 107 sperm ml/L in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution. Egg viability was assessed for different exposure durations at fertilization, hatching, haploidy, and diploidization. Majority of the larvae derived from irradiated eggs had abnormal appearance. Complete inactivation of maternal genome was detected by haploid syndrome and confirmed by chromosome counting (n = 29). These eggs activated with sperm were subjected to heat shock at 40 and 41 C for different postactivation times and durations. Diploid androgens had a normal appearance as controls and confirmed by chromosome counting (n = 58). A maximum of 21 and 14% of diploidization was recorded at 30 min after activation, at 40 and 41 C, which corresponds to the first cleavage suppression time.
Effects of Temperature Reduction and MS‐222 on Water Quality and Blood Biochemistry in Simulated Transport Experiment of Largemouth Bronze Gudgeon, Coreius guichenoti
Authors: Zhao Jianhua , Zhu Yongjiu , He Yongfeng , Chen Jianwu , Feng Xianbin , Li Xi , Xiong Bangxi , Yang Deguo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe effects of temperature reduction, MS‐222 (3‐aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester methanesulfonate) anesthesia and the combination of these factors on water quality and the blood biochemistry of the largemouth bronze gudgeon, Coreius guichenoti, a rare, endangered, and valuable fish in the upper Yangtze River, were investigated before and after simulated long‐term transport. The results showed that transport caused deterioration of water quality and elevated the concentrations of plasma cortisol (2–3.5 times) and plasma lactate (1.33–2.5 times) in C. guichenoti. Temperature reduction was found to play a major role in improving the water quality by reducing total ammonia nitrogen and oxygen consumption, while MS‐222 anesthesia mainly inhibited the activity of transported C. guichenoti and suppressed the increases in plasma lactate and alanine aminotransferase. Some interactions were observed between anesthesia and temperature reduction during C. guichenoti transportation regarding improving the water quality and reducing the physiological stress. The results suggest that during the long‐term transportation of C. guichenoti, the combined use of temperature reduction and MS‐222 is most preferable, followed by the use of temperature reduction alone or MS‐222 at a relatively high temperature. These data provide useful information regarding the transport and physiological response of C. guichenoti as well as other related stresses in this fish.
Effect of Illuminance Transition Rate on Survival of Juvenile Pacific Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus orientalis
Authors: Honryo Tomoki , Kurata Michio , Okada Tokihiko , Sawada Yoshifumi , Ishibashi Yasunori 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTo investigate the reason for the high mortality of cultured juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT), especially during land‐based culture, we examined the effect of the rate of light‐intensity change during the dawn period. Juvenile PBT kept in a natural light environment (control) were compared with those exposed to an artificially slowed change in light intensity during the dawn period (test group). For the test group, lamps, which were connected to automatic timers and placed above the rearing tank, were switched on from 0345 to 0515 h at 15‐min intervals. After 9 d, the survival rate of the test and control group was identical. Between Day 1 and Day 6, whole‐body cortisol levels were not different between groups. However, whole‐body glucose levels in the test group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Both groups displayed a diel rhythm in plasma cortisol concentration that peaked at 0300–0600 h. These results suggest that slowing the increase in light intensity during the dawn period did not improve survival and that low light intensity itself induces high mortality in cultured PBT juveniles.
Evaluation of methods to age Scottish red deer: the balance between accuracy and practicality
Authors: Pérez‐Barbería F. J. , Duff E. I. , Brewer M. J. , Guinness F. E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractKnowing the age of individuals is crucial for almost any analysis of population dynamics, evolution, palaeontology, management and conservation. The aim of this study was to provide the practitioner with a practical and cost‐effective method to estimate the age of large numbers of red deer samples. Using 694 mandibles ofScottish red deer of known age, we compared the bias and precision of five of the most widely used methods for estimating the age of red deer based on tooth characters. Two methods based on reference collections of photographs representing different stages of tooth wear, two methods describing the traits that characterise different classes of the tooth wear and age, and one method based on counting the cementum layers of the radicular pad of the first permanent molar, were used. We also described 13 age classes up to 38 months of age based on different stages of eruption of lower molar teeth. We applied a sequential stepwise‐like selection procedure in conjunction with cross‐validated predictions using the prediction error sum of squares statistic, with the aim of reducing the large number of traits that the two methods based on tooth wear trait descriptions require to estimate age. We were able to reduce the number of traits by 70% and still gain precision and reduce bias in the predictions, which indicated that the equations provided by these two methods overfitted the age of our reference samples. The cementum layers method was the most precise and least biased of all the methods, followed byDudley's method. We provide the practitioner with recommendations to allow estimation of the ages ofScottish red deer, together with comprehensive graphic material to facilitate the use of the different methods.
The influence of female body size and shape on the trade‐off between offspring number and offspring size in two viviparous snakes
Authors: Ford N. B. , Seigel R. A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAlthough the trade‐off between offspring size and the number of offspring is a critical component of life‐history theory, many empirical tests fail to show that such trade‐off exists. Although this may be due to statistical issues (i.e. failure to control for maternal body size), other complications such as female body shape may play a role as well. Here, we examined reproductive traits in two species of viviparous garter snakes with very different body morphologies (Thamnophis marcianusandT. proximus) to see how female body shape affects this trade‐off. In the more slender species (T. proximus), we found a strong, negative relationship between brood size and offspring size, with the effect most notable in smaller females. However, in the more robust snake (T. marcianus), there was no significant trade‐off seen in either the sample as a whole or for either larger or smaller females. Our data support earlier work on ectotherms, which indicates that body shape can act to constrain how offspring size and clutch or litter size are related.
Beyond Materiality in Shakespeare Studies
Authors: Knapp James A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract“Materialism,” “materiality,” and “material culture” have become key terms in early modern studies and Shakespeare scholarship over the past two decades. Responding to perceived subjective shortcomings of the New Historicism and Cultural Materialism of the 1980s and early 90s, “new materialist” approaches have emerged in scholarship ranging from Book History and textual studies to affect theory and ecocriticism. This article reviews the debates over this materialist emphasis and points to new directions that Shakespeare studies might take, not in a return to idealism, but beyond the dichotomy between subject and object, mind and body, material and immaterial.
Molecular‐clock methods for estimating evolutionary rates and timescales
Authors: Ho Simon Y. W. , Duchêne Sebastián 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe molecular clock presents a means of estimating evolutionary rates and timescales using genetic data. These estimates can lead to important insights into evolutionary processes and mechanisms, as well as providing a framework for further biological analyses. To deal with rate variation among genes and among lineages, a diverse range of molecular‐clock methods have been developed. These methods have been implemented in various software packages and differ in their statistical properties, ability to handle different models of rate variation, capacity to incorporate various forms of calibrating information and tractability for analysing large data sets. Choosing a suitable molecular‐clock model can be a challenging exercise, but a number of model‐selection techniques are available. In this review, we describe the different forms of evolutionary rate heterogeneity and explain how they can be accommodated in molecular‐clock analyses. We provide an outline of the various clock methods and models that are available, including the strict clock, local clocks, discrete clocks and relaxed clocks. Techniques for calibration and clock‐model selection are also described, along with methods for handling multilocus data sets. We conclude our review with some comments about the future of molecular clocks.
Staphylococcus aureus DivIBis a peptidoglycan‐binding protein that is required for a morphological checkpoint in cell division
Authors: Bottomley Amy L. , Kabli Azhar F. , Hurd Alexander F. , Turner Robert D. , Garcia‐Lara Jorge , Foster Simon J. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBacterial cell division is a fundamental process that requires the coordinated actions of a number of proteins which form a complex macromolecular machine known as the divisome. The membrane‐spanning proteinsDivIBand its orthologueFtsQare crucial divisome components inGram‐positive andGram‐negative bacteria respectively. However, the role of almost all of the integral division proteins, includingDivIB, still remains largely unknown. Here we show that the extracellular domain ofDivIBis able to bind peptidoglycan and have mapped the binding to its β subdomain. Conditional mutational studies show thatdivIBis essential forStaphylococcus aureusgrowth, while phenotypic analyses following depletion ofDivIBresults in a block in the completion, but not initiation, of septum formation. Localisation studies suggest thatDivIBonly transiently localises to the division site and may mark previous sites of septation. We propose thatDivIBis required for a molecular checkpoint during division to ensure the correct assembly of the divisome at midcell and to prevent hydrolytic growth of the cell in the absence of a completed septum.
Cotton LIM domain‐containing protein GhPLIM1 is specifically expressed in anthers and participates in modulating F‐actin
Authors: Li L. , Li Y. , Wang N.‐N. , Li Y. , Lu R. , Li X.‐B. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAs one form of actin binding protein (ABP), LIM domain protein can trigger the formation of actin bundles during plant growth and development. In this study, a cDNA (designated GhPLIM1) encoding a LIM domain protein with 216 amino acid residues was identified from a cotton flower cDNA library. Quantitative RT‐PCR indicated that GhPLIM1 is specifically expressed in cotton anthers, and its expression levels are regulated during anther development of cotton. GhPLIM1:eGFP transformed cotton cells display a distributed network of eGFP fluorescence, suggesting that GhPLIM1 protein is mainly localised to the cell cytoskeleton. In vitro high‐speed co‐sedimentation and low co‐sedimentation assays indicate that GhPLIM1 protein not only directly binds actin filaments but also bundles F‐actin. Further biochemical experiments verified that GhPLIM1 protein can protect F‐actin against depolymerisation by Lat B. Thus, our data demonstrate that GhPLIM1 functions as an actin binding protein (ABP) in modulating actin filaments in vitro, suggesting that GhPLIM1 may be involved in regulating the actin cytoskeleton required for pollen development in cotton.