bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should Conventional Retrograde Intubation Be Taught in Academic Institutions as a Rescue Approach for Difficult Airways When Other Methods of Intubation are Neither Available Nor Feasible?
Authors: Chaudhary Ravi , Agarwal Ankit , Jagath A S Arun , Mahaseth Ranjay 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Retrograde intubation (RI) is an approach to secure the airway in case of a difficult intubation. Conventionally, this technique involves placing a guide wire through the cricothyroid membrane into the tracheal lumen, and then advancing an endotracheal tube over the wire towards the glottis. Despite being a relatively safe technique, it has not gained widespread acceptance, as other methods of intubation such as awake fibreoptic intubation, videolaryngoscopy and supraglottic airways have taken precedence over it. However, in certain circumstances, such as in situations, where other methods of intubation are not available or feasible, RI can play a vital role in securing the airway. Given the potential benefits of the RI technique, it is crucial to re-evaluate its significance as a rescue approach for difficult airways. Academic institutions should consider including RI in their airway management curriculum to equip healthcare providers with a versatile set of skills and techniques for managing difficult airway situations. This approach can potentially save lives as it is a reliable and safe alternative technique to other conventional methods of intubation. Here, we provide a case report of a patient who underwent RI for an operable case of carcinoma buccal mucosa with flap coverage and plates in situ when our primary method of intubation, i.e. fibreoptic, malfunctioned.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with a fulminant course: Case series
Authors: Bhandari Ankkita Sharma , Khanna Laxmi , Kumar Praveen , Gourie-Devi Mandaville 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a life-threatening and delayed complication of measles. It may rarely follow a fulminant course, with rapid progression to a vegetative state. There have been case reports of this challenging and aggressive form of SSPE in previously immunised children. The cause of the rapid progression in many patients is unknown. However, it is postulated that genetically determined immune dysfunction can prevent cell-mediated immune clearance of the measles virus. This was a retrospective study of five patients who presented with clinical features and laboratory investigations suggestive of fulminant SSPE over the previous year. The diagnosis of SSPE was established using Radermecker’s complexes in electroencephalogram, encephalitis on brain magnetic resonance imaging and elevated titres of immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG measles antibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment included isoprinosine, intravenous Igs, sodium valproate, levetiracetam and clobazam. The outcome was dismal in all patients, with progression to a bedridden state despite timely intervention. In our series of five cases, the diagnosis of SSPE was often missed because the children were immunised and healthy before the onset of symptoms. However, after excluding other central nervous system viral infections, the clinical presentation and laboratory findings corroborated the fulminant course of SSPE. This article captures the presentation and outcomes of five patients and emphasises the importance of clinicians’ awareness of this condition.
Comparison of oral indices in patients with Down syndrome and healthy individuals: A meta-analysis study
Authors: Nilchian Firouzeh , Mosayebi Neda , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad , Pasyar Hamidreza 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The aim of the present study was to compare dental indexes of pediatric Down syndrome (DS) patients to those who are healthy.

Materials and Methods:
This study was carried out based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement guidelines. The researchers searched title and abstract of major databases, including ProQuest (ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Full Text: Health and Medicine, ProQuest Nursing and Allie Health Source), PubMed, Google Scholar, clinical key, up to date, springer, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science (ISI), up to September 2020 with restriction to English and Persian language This meta-analysis study had three outcomes: decay/miss/filled index, plaque index, and gingival index. Effect size, including mean difference and its 95% of confidence interval, was calculated. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale measured the quality of the selected studies. Heterogeneity was performed using the Q test and I
2 index, and reporting bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger and Begg’s tests.

Results:
Fifteen studies conducted were included in the meta-analysis process.

Conclusion:
It showed that DS patients had a higher plaque index and gingival index than healthy individuals, which means that the oral health status of these patients is worse and needs more attention.
Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression and its correlation with histopathological parameters and cervical lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Khalesi Saeedeh , Maleki Laleh , Eskandari Shahnaz , Dehabadi Foad Zare , Kohpaee Amirhossein Yousefi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor among oral cancers. Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 have associated with cell division. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of these markers in OSCC with and without cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed on 40 OSCCs with and without cervical LN metastasis (20 in each group) that was recorded in the pathology archive of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Isfahan. Clinical information including age, gender, and location was collected. Some histopathological parameters including depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), number of LN metastases, histopathological grade, and stage of disease were evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for cyclin D1 and Ki-67. All data were entered into SPSS24 software and were analyzed by Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and t-tests. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Based on LVI and stage of disease, a significant correlation was found between the two groups (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the two groups based on cyclin D1 expression (P = 0.05). The expression of the Ki-67 showed a significant difference based on tumor location (P = 0.026) and PNI (P = 0.033).

Conclusion:
The use of markers should be considered in determining the prognosis of OSCC, and the cyclin D1 marker is one of the useful markers for predictors of cervical LN metastasis.
Clinico-Epidemiologic Attributes of 515 Persons Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Mahajan Vikram K. , Gupta Mrinal , Sharma Rajni , Shiny TN , Gupta Sarita , Rashpa Rattan S. 
Published: August 2024

Objectives:
To study the clinico-epidemiologic attributes of persons living with HIV/AIDS on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Methods:
Clinico-epidemiological details, CD4 counts, previous illness and mucocutaneous diseases were studied in 515 persons living with HIV/AIDS on HAART.

Results:
The study comprised 250 (48.5%) males and 265 (51.5%) females aged between 10 and 79 (mean 38.9) years. The 196 (38%) males were drivers, staying-alone laborers/self-employed, and 253 (49.1%) females were homemakers. All were on HAART for one month to 9 years. Heterosexual transmission was noted in 478 (92.8%) individuals. The 274 (53.5%) individuals had 200–350 CD4 cells/mm3 counts, whereas it was <200 cells/mm3 in 88 (17.2%) individuals. Candidiasis (in 48), dermatophytoses (n = 23), herpes labialis (n = 13), herpes zoster (n = 12), seborrheic dermatitis (n = 29), generalized pruritus (n = 22), and xerosis in 20 individuals were the most common dermatoses. Most dermatoses occurred with 200–350 CD4 cells/mm3. Adverse drug reactions from antiretroviral therapy (ART) and concurrent therapies also occurred.

Conclusions:
Although most of our patients had mild HIV-associated dermatoses while on HAART, adverse drug reactions from HAART or concurrent therapies themselves remain a potential risk. Nevertheless, knowledge of these aspects will help planning for comprehensive health care envisaged in the National AIDS Control Program phase IV.
Cytomorphological Spectrum of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Kaur Ashmeet , Hemrajani Deepika , Harsh Anita , Vijay Urvashi , Wadhwani Deepa 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Melanoma is an aggressive malignant tumor with high metastatic potential. FNAC provides a quick and effective tool to diagnose primary and metastatic melanoma cases.

Aims and Objectives:
To document the epidemiological features of malignant melanoma cases attending in a tertiary care centre in India, with special reference to different cytomorphological parameters.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective hospital based study done in the Department of Pathology. 39 cases of malignant melanoma diagnosed on cytology during a period of 3 years were retrieved, reviewed and studied.

Results:
Out of the 39 cases,21 were males(1.16 male:female ratio). The mean age was 53 years. Metastatic cases were more common than primary melanoma cases. Most common site for metastasis was liver followed by inguinal lymph node. Epitheloid was the most common pattern.

Conclusion:
Characterstic melanin pigment although common, is not always present. Thus, cytopathologists must know the various cytomorphological spectrum of features of melanoma.
Role of Trichoscopy in Evaluation of Alopecia Areata
Authors: Sahu Vineet K , Datta Adrija , Sarkar Tanusree , Gayen Tirthankar , Chatterjee Gobinda 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder affecting the hair-bearing sites of the body. Trichoscopy has recently been practiced in the diagnosis of alopecia areata.

Aim:
To elicit trichoscopy patterns in alopecia areata and to find out any correlation of trichoscopic findings with disease severity.

Methods:
Trichoscopy was done on clinically diagnosed cases of alopecia areata and on age and sex-matched controls without hair disorders by using a DL1 dermoscope (magnification: ×10). Observed dermoscopic findings were analyzed to find the correlation with disease severity.

Results:
In total, 87 cases and 60 controls were included in the study with the mean age for cases being 25.47 ± 14.07 years. There was male predominance of cases (51; 58.62%). Alopecia in multiple patches was the most common type (42; 48.27%), and scalp was the most common site of involvement (79; 90.8%). Yellow dots (YD), black dots (BD), broken hairs (BH), circle hair (CH), and tapering hairs (TH) or exclamation hair (EH) were found to be statistically significant findings in alopecia areata as compared to controls. Circle hair was significantly associated with total severity of alopecia areata (P = 0.041). Yellow dots had a positive correlation with the number of episodes of alopecia areata (Spearman's rho = 0.273, P = 0.0106) and mean severity of alopecia tool (SALT) score (P = 0.0130). No significant association was noted between trichoscopic findings and disease activity, family history, disease associations, or nail involvement.

Conclusion:
A constellation of trichoscopic findings helps in establishing the diagnosis of alopecia areata obviating the need for biopsy.
Case series on Silvery Hair Syndromes
Authors: Siddiahgari Sirisharani , Soma Santosh Kumar , Penmetcha Chandravathi , Vaddadi Sandhya , Bandi Varshini , Lingappa Lokesh 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Silvery Hair Syndromes (SHS), an autosomal recessive inherited disorder, includes Chediak–Higashi syndrome (CHS), Griscelli syndrome (GS), Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS), and Elejalde syndrome. Associated immunological and neurological defects and predilection for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) makes them a distinctive entity in pediatric practice. Thorough clinical examination, bedside investigations such as peripheral blood smear (PBS) and hair microscopy, and bone marrow (BM) examination are inexpensive and reliable diagnostic tools.

Methods:
We report 12 cases with SHS (CHS, n = 06; GS, n = 04; HPS, n = 02).

Results:
8 out of 12 SHS children (CHS-05, GS-03) presented with HLH. Out of 5 cases of CHS with HLH, 2 died, 3rd is stable post-chemotherapy; 4th completed chemotherapy, underwent matched related hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), and is stable 8 months off treatment. The 5th child completed chemotherapy and is in process of transplant. One CHS child without HLH is thriving without any treatment. Of the 4 GS cases, 3 presented with HLH and received chemotherapy (HLH 2004 protocol). One lost follow-up after initial remission; another had recurrence 7 months off treatment and discontinued further treatment. The third child had recurrence 1.5 years after initial chemotherapy; HLH 2004 protocol was restarted followed by HSCT from matched sibling donor; is currently well, 2.5 years post-transplant. One child with GS had neurological features with no evidence of HLH and did not take treatment. Of 2 children with HPS, one presented with severe sepsis and the other with neurological problems. They were managed symptomatically.

Conclusion:
In SHS with HLH, chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a promising curative option.
Screening and Selection of Hispaglabridin B as a Lead Compound in Colon Cancer Treatment
Authors: Malayandi Sankar , Marimuthu Sivasankari , Jayanthi Antonisamy Arul 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Colon cancer is the third largest cause of cancer-related death according to a survey report by GLOBOCAN 2020. Though several common conditions, including family history and personal health care, are reported as the causes of colon cancer, the real cause of colorectal cancer is unrevealed. Treatment with chemical drugs like 5-fluorouracil in combination with radiation therapy can help to shrink tumor size. Surgical procedures can also be performed at the early stage along with the administration of drugs. However, the available treatment strategies are equally toxic to healthy cells and, in general, are nonspecific. The side effects of chemical drug administration are very devastating. Hence, natural phytochemicals can be a better choice for treating cancer.

Materials and methods:
In this article, in silico screening of plenty of phytochemicals from 200 different plants was performed. Databases such as PubChem, Drugbank, ChemSpider, eMolecules, and Chembank were used for extracting structures of phytochemicals including flavonoids, alkaloids, peptides, steroids, or any other organic compounds, and used as ligands. Vital proteins involved in colon cancer pathways are extracted from the protein data bank based on the output from the KEGG pathway database and Cytoscape network analysis. AutoDockPyRx Python prescription-0.8 was used to predict the possible ligands and their targets using a structure-based drug discovery approach.

Results and Discussion:
Hispaglabridin B showed interaction with a maximum number of target proteins at low binding energies. Swiss target prediction was used to find other potent targets for the selected ligand. The binding pocket analysis showed that hispaglabridin B binds to the same position as the known inhibitor of the target protein. The amino acids involved in the protein and hispaglabridin B interaction were also studied. Polar, hydrophobic, hydrogen bond, and charge-based interactions were dominant between hispaglabridin B and its targets. PASS online was used to check the biological potential of hispaglabridin B. The drug likeliness properties and ADME characteristics of hispaglabridin B were checked using DruLiTo and Swiss ADME, respectively. The toxicity of hispaglabridin B was analyzed using preADMET and was found safe. Hispaglabridin B was not available in the drug bank, and its structure was predicted to be an isoflavonoid. Isoflavanols are polycyclic compounds containing a hydroxylated isoflavone skeleton and an aromatic hetero-polycyclic molecular framework. From the literature, the most abundant source of hispaglabridin B was found to be Glycyrrhiza glabra.

Conclusion:
Hence, it is concluded that hispaglabridin B could be a potential lead for developing an effective colon cancer drug.
Soy – Sorghum Milk as a Functional Drink Source of Antioxidants
Authors: Fadly Dzul , Tulaseket Fadila , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Sakriawati M , Putriana Armenia Eka , Septiyanti Septiyanti , Mujahidah Fatimah Fitriani , Wirawanti Ika Wirya , Suherlin Nicen , Febristi Anisa , Muttalib Yuges Saputri 
Published: August 2024

Background:
With the increasing need for antioxidants as a support for health, this study was conducted to determine the functional potential of drinks made from soybeans and sorghum by determining organoleptic, proximate, and antioxidant activity properties.

Methods:
In this study, the formulations of soy milk (Glycine max (L.) Merill) added with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were including F1 (100% soy milk), F2 (90% soy milk: 10% sorghum), F2 (80% soy milk: 20% sorghum), and F3 (70% soy milk: 30% sorghum). The organoleptic test consisted of a hedonic test and a hedonic quality test involving 25 semitrained panelists measured using an analogue visual scale (0–10). Antioxidant activity identification was determined through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.

Results:
This study found that sorghum’s addition to soy milk significantly affected the hedonic quality value of aroma and texture (P<0.05). Meanwhile, it also significantly affected the protein, fat, and ash content (P<0.05). The addition of 20% sorghum in F2 showed the best characteristics of organoleptic values, with carbohydrate 4.02±2.07%, protein 1.91±0.35%, fat 1.07±1.07%, water 92.74±2.13%, and ash 0.26±0.001%. The addition of sorghum tends to increase the antioxidant capacity of soy-sorghum milk functional drinks. The soy milk products with 20% sorghum possessed antioxidant capability in Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) about 28.45 ppm and categorized as strong antioxidants.

Conclusion:
Thus, this soy-sorghum milk product potentially being a functional drink source of antioxidants.
Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Alexithymia in the Relationship Between Perceived Parenting Styles in Moroccan Psychoactive Substance Users
Authors: Karjouh Khadija , Azzaoui Fatima-Zahra , Boulbaroud Samira , Samlali Wafae Idrissi , Ahami Ahmed 
Published: August 2024

Context:
Many studies have reported that inadequate parental styles can contribute to alexithymic symptoms through maladaptive dysfunctional cognitive styles.

Aims:
To investigate the relationship of dysfunctional schemas and recalled parenting attitudes with alexithymia and other symptomatology, as well as to evaluate the effect of early maladaptive schema (EMS) and alexithymia such as moderators and mediators in the relationship between the perceived parenting styles (PS) among patients with substance use disorders (SUDs).

Methods:
The study sample consists of 451 Psychoactive Substance (PAS) users, aged between 13 and 67 years of age. The data collection took place in the addictology center of Rabat, Morocco. The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, the Young Parenting Inventory, the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used. Descriptive statistics tests and hierarchical multiple regression were executed.

Results:
First, the sample was classified into two groups as “alexithymic” (n = 330) and “nonalexithymic” (n = 121) according to the scores obtained from TAS. The analysis showed that the alexithymic group perceived both their attitudes of mother and father negatively, possess more severe EMSs, and women face more difficulties in the emotion regulation, experienced greater EMS than the men group, and the association between parenting and alexithymia was moderated by EMS. On the contrary, the results supported meditational models in which PS are associated with the cognitive schemas, and these, in turn, are related to alexithymia.

Conclusions:
Correlations between childhood experiences and alexithymia in adulthood are mediated by dysfunctional schemas.
Relationship of Serum Cytokine Profile to Steroid Resistance in Demyelinating Neurologic Illnesses
Authors: Markandeyan Devaprasad , Ulaganathan Mabalirajan , Pathak Surajit , Vengalathur Ramesh Ganesan 
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose:
Corticosteroids form main stay of treatment of autoimmune neurological diseases. Immunotherapy with Intravenous Immunoglobulin, Plasmapheresis, biological agents like Rituximab, Infliximab, etanarcept are also used for treatment of patients who are resistant to steroid treatment and in severe cases. This study was aimed to elicit the relationship between serum cytokine levels and steroid resistance which is important for early commencement of other medications.

Methods:
The serum samples of patients who presented with autoimmune neurological diseases were collected and cytokine levels were estimated. The cytokine profile of patients who responded well to steroid treatment was compared with that of steroid nonresponders.

Results:
The steroid unresponsive group had significantly higher serum Interferon gamma and IL-13 levels than steroid unresponsive group.

Conclusion:
when patients present with high serum levels of IL-13 and Interferon Gamma they should be considered for prompt escalation of immunomodulatory therapy.
Preparation and evaluation of sustained release dosage forms for posttransplant care
Authors: Bhupathyraaj Mullaicharam , Ahuja Alka , Halligudi Nirmala , Pole Sushma , Al Balushi Hiba Salim , Al Kaabi Halima Ahmed , Desai Saleem M. 
Published: August 2024

Aim:
The purpose of the study was to prepare and characterize microbeads for oral sustained release of tacrolimus.

Design, methodology, and approach:
Tacrolimus-based microbeads were developed by ionic gelation method. Xanthan gum, chitosan, and sodium alginate were used as polymers for aqueous internal phase using calcium chloride as a cross-linking agent. The microbeads were evaluated for morphologic features by scanning electron microscopy, percentage yield, drug entrapment, and in vitro drug release.

Findings and implications:
Microbeads were examined for the effects of various variables in formulation process. The cross-linking reaction between sodium alginate and calcium chloride for being converted into calcium alginate in the formulation process was used in the microencapsulation of tacrolimus core material. The results showed the compatibility of the drug with the polymers in the formulation as observed in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studies. The formulated microbeads showed high percentage yield and drug entrapment efficacy and the optimized formulation showed a delayed release effect following zero-order mechanism of release.

Conclusion:
Ionotropic gelation method was found to be a suitable method for preparing tacrolimus microbead-sustained-release drug delivery system. Chitosan and xanthan gum polymers showed potential in aiding the formulation of sustained release tacrolimus microbeads. Xanthan gum is soluble in water and confers high viscosity at low concentrations. The molecular weight of xanthan gum is more than the chitosan polymer which leads to better sustained release of microbeads prepared with xanthan gum compared to chitosan microbeads. Both chitosan and xanthan gum microbeads followed zero-order-release kinetic models.