bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the role of statin therapy in bladder cancer: evidence from a Mendelian Randomization study
Authors: Li Rongkang , Huang Guixiao , Li Yunfei , Huang Mou , Huang Ying , Li Yingrui , Li Guangzhi , Wu Song 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundStatins, which are medications that lower lipid levels, are extensively used to decrease cardiovascular disease risk. Recently, the use of statins in cancer prevention has attracted considerable interest. However, it is still unclear whether the use of statins has a causal effect on bladder cancer.MethodsThe two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) was performed to infer the causal relationship between statin therapy (atorvastatin, simvastatin, and rosuvastatin) and bladder cancer. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of statins (atorvastatin, simvastatin, and rosuvastatin) were gathered from the UK Biobank, involving 462,933 participants. We acquired summary-level genetic data on bladder cancer from a European cohort of 175,121 individuals. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was the main analytical technique used, supplemented by MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode to estimate causal effects. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to verify the robustness and reliability of our findings.ResultsBased on the IVW analysis, we identified a significant causal association between rosuvastatin use and a decreased risk of bladder cancer, with genetic analysis inferring the substantial reduction in odds (OR = 3.52E-19, 95% CI: 5.48E-32–2.26E-06, p = 0.005). In contrast, the IVW results did not reveal a statistically significant relationship between the genetically estimated use of atorvastatin (OR = 7.42E-03, 95% CI: 6.80E-06–8.084, p = 0.169) or simvastatin (OR = 0.135, 95% CI: 0.008–2.330, p = 0.168) and bladder cancer risk.ConclusionWe investigated the causal link between statin therapy (atorvastatin, simvastatin, and rosuvastatin) and bladder cancer using a two-sample Mendelian Randomization analysis among the European population. Our findings indicated that genetically predicted use of rosuvastatin was associated with a decreased risk of bladder cancer, whereas no significant genetically predicted causal effects were observed for atorvastatin and simvastatin use.
Optimizing outcomes when treating functional neurological disorder in acute care settings: case reports depicting the value of diagnostic precision and timely and appropriate psychological interventions using an interdisciplinary framework
Authors: Greenfield Melissa J. , Fobian Aaron D. , Fargason Rachel E. , Birur Badari 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionUnexplained physical signs and symptoms represent a significant portion of patient presentations in acute care settings. Even in cases where a patient presents with a known medical condition, functional or somatic symptoms may complicate the diagnostic and treatment processes and prognostic outcome. One umbrella category for neurologically related somatic symptoms, functional neurological disorder (FND), presents as involuntary neurological symptoms incompatible with another medical condition. Symptoms may include weakness and/or paralysis, movement disorders, non-epileptic seizures, speech or visual impairment, swallowing difficulty, sensory disturbances, or cognitive symptoms (1). While FND presents as neuropsychiatric, providers commonly report feeling hesitant to diagnose these disorders. Inexperience or lack of appropriate education on relevant research regarding evidence-based practices or standard of practice (SOP) may result in over- or underperforming diagnostic workups and consultations, utilizing inappropriate medications, and failing to offer evidence-based psychological interventions. Being mindful of these challenges when treating patients presenting with functional symptoms in acute care settings can help to support and protect the patients and care team and appropriately control healthcare costs.MethodsThe University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center identified cases representing categories of quality and safety problems that arise in treating FND in acute care settings. Patients signed a consent form to participate in the case report. The case information for each was presented without identifying information.DiscussionThe cases highlight potential challenges when caring for patients presenting with FND in acute care settings. The challenges covered include over- or underutilization of diagnostic workups and consultation, over- or underutilization of psychopharmacological medications, and over- or undertreating a medical condition when a functional symptom is present. In each case, these lapses and errors caused the patient distress, additional treatments, care delays, and delayed symptom remission. Additionally, these challenges have direct and indirect fiscal costs, which can be mitigated with the appropriate education and training, resources, and protocols. Hospitals can benefit from system-wide SOP to improve the identification and management of FND to prevent harm to patients. An SOP commonly presents to specific specialties and ensures the appropriate diagnostic workup, consultations, and timely evidence-based interventions.
The impact of fatigue severity and depression level on the quality of life in individuals with Parkinson’s disease in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Hung-Yu , Lin Yi-Tung , Chiou Chou-Ping , Pan Hsueh-Hsing 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundPatients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease undergo alterations in physical, psychological, and social functionality, with the psychological domain being particularly predisposed to inducing fatigue and depressive symptoms. Understanding the alterations occurring within a patient’s body and mind and how these influence their overall quality of life is crucial.PurposeThis study sought to explore the predictive capacity of fatigue severity, the presence of depressive symptoms, and diverse demographic factors on the quality of life among individuals with Parkinson’s disease.MethodsA cross-sectional correlational study was conducted at a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan. The research utilized a questionnaire survey to interview 133 study participants, focusing on the Quality of Life Scale, Depression Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Social Support Scale, and demographic attributes.ResultsA total of 130 valid questionnaires were obtained. The results showed that Hoehn and Yahr stage, fatigue severity, and depression status could predict quality of life, explaining 51.1% of the total variance. These findings suggest that patients at advanced Hoehn and Yahr stages, experiencing more severe fatigue, and exhibiting higher levels of depression, tended to report a lower overall quality of life. Our findings suggest that, in addition to Hoehn and Yahr stage, the severity of fatigue and levels of depression significantly impact the quality of life in individuals with Parkinson’s disease.ConclusionNurses need to understand the “stressful life events” and the changes in appearance and physical function that patients with Parkinson’s disease face due to chronic degenerative diseases. Hence, apart from addressing patients’ physiological needs, healthcare professionals should also offer appropriate care for psychological issues, such as depressive symptoms. Encouraging patients to participate in “counseling groups” can further bolster their social support networks, enhancing their overall well-being and addressing comorbidities associated with chronic degenerative diseases.
Genetic analyses of the bidirectional associations between common mental disorders and asthma
Authors: Yan Zian , Chen Jingjing , Guo Lijun , Zhang Hongwei , Ding Yanqiu , Ren Gaocan , Mao Yiyi , Bai Ruina , Ma Xiaochang 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveAlthough extensive research has explored the link between mental disorders and asthma, the characteristics and patterns of this association are still unclear. Our study aims to examine the genetic causal links between common mental disorders (specifically, anxiety and depression) and asthma.MethodsWe conducted genetic analyses including linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, and utilized summary statistics from recent large-scale Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWASs) in European populations, covering sensation of anxiety or depression, anxiety sensation, depression sensation, anxiety disorders, major depression disorder (MDD), and asthma.ResultsLDSC revealed significant genetic correlations among sensation of anxiety or depression, MDD and asthma (P &lt; 0.017), highlighting potential genetic correlation between anxiety disorders and asthma (P &lt; 0.05 yet &gt; 0.017). In bidirectional two-sample MR, inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analyses suggested that genetic liability to asthma was significantly associated with an increased risk of sensation of anxiety or depression (OR = 4.760, 95%CI: 1.645–13.777), and MDD (OR = 1.658, 95%CI: 1.477–1.860). Conversely, IVW analyses indicated that genetic liability to anxiety disorders was not associated with an increased risk of asthma (P &gt; 0.01), nor was genetic liability to asthma associated with an increased risk of anxiety disorders (P &gt; 0.01). Furthermore, no significant genetic causal relationships were observed for other studied traits. Multivariate MR, after adjusting for body mass index and alcohol consumption, further corroborated the independent causal effect of genetic predisposition to MDD on the risk of asthma (OR = 1.460, 95% CI: 1.285–1.660).ConclusionOur study establishes MDD as a predisposing factor for asthma. Meanwhile, anxiety disorders are not causal risk factors for asthma, nor is the reverse true. It is recommended to closely monitor asthma symptoms in patients with MDD.
Lost diagnoses? A multi-year trajectory of patients with childhood ADHD in the criminal justice system in Switzerland
Authors: Wyler Helen , van Wijnkoop Moritz , Smith Alexander , Retz Wolfgang , Liebrenz Michael , Buadze Ana 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prevalent amongst offenders, increasing risks for aggressive and delinquent behaviors. Since ADHD and its symptoms can persist into adulthood, accurately diagnosing and maintaining diagnoses in offenders is crucial to ensure appropriate treatment and reduce recidivism.MethodsThis study employed a retrospective longitudinal design to investigate ADHD amongst adult offenders with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD during childhood or adolescence at a Swiss forensic outpatient clinic between 2008 and 2021. N = 181 patient files were reviewed, including forensic expert witness assessments and treatment reports. We charted the adulthood trajectory of patients with a confirmed childhood/adolescence ADHD diagnosis, examining the course of their diagnoses.ResultsOf 181 patients, evidence indicated that 12 (7%) had an ADHD diagnosis in childhood/adolescence. In 1 (8%) of these 12 cases, the diagnosis was maintained throughout the observation period. For 4 patients (33%), a diagnosis was given in the first forensic psychiatric expert witness assessment in adulthood but subsequently dropped. In another 4 cases (33%), the diagnosis was dropped in adulthood but later re-assigned, whereas in 3 cases (25%), the diagnosis was discontinued throughout the observation period. In 50% of cases with a diagnostic change, the discontinuation of an adult ADHD diagnosis coincided with a newly diagnosed personality disorder (or vice versa).ConclusionsOur findings highlighted considerable inconsistencies in the assignment of adult ADHD diagnoses amongst offenders. Whilst ADHD remission in adulthood occurs, the diagnostic variability in our results warrants detailed scrutiny. One possibility is that ADHD has similar fluctuations to conditions like depression, as argued elsewhere. Equally, diagnoses may become “lost”, meaning they are not given even when applicable and replaced by other diagnoses. Additionally, residual symptoms may remain but beyond the diagnostic threshold. This is significant because untreated ADHD can increase re-offending risks and adverse health outcomes.
Development and validation of a prediction nomogram for depressive symptoms in gout patients
Authors: Hao Xinyi , Wang Aiping 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to explore the risk factors for depressive symptoms in patients with gout and to construct and validate a nomogram model.MethodsFrom October 2022 to July 2023, a total of 469 gout patients from a Class iii Grade A hospital in Northeast China were selected as the research objects by the convenience sampling method. The General Information Questionnaire, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Gout Knowledge Questionnaire, Self-Efficacy Scale for Managing Chronic Disease (SEMCD), and Social Support Rating Scale were used to conduct the survey. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to establish a depression risk prediction model and construct a nomogram. The bootstrap method was used to verify the performance of the model.ResultsThe detection rate of depressive symptoms in gout patients was 25.16%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male, the number of tophi, acute attack period, lack of knowledge about gout, the number of attacks in the past year, and the duration of the last attack were independent risk factors for post-gout depression. Female, interictal period, chronic arthritis period, knowledge of gout, and social support were protective factors for post-gout depression (p &lt; 0.05). The calibration (χ2 = 11.348, p = 0.183, p &gt; 0.05) and discrimination (AUC = 0.858, 95%CI: 0.818–0.897) of the nomogram model for depressive symptoms in gout patients were good.ConclusionThe prevalence of depressive symptoms in gout patients is high, and it is affected by gender, current disease stage, number of tophi, gout knowledge level, the number of attacks in the past year, and the last attack days. The nomogram model is scientific and practical for predicting the occurrence of depressive symptoms in gout patients.
Postbiotic derived from Bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025 improves growth performance, mortality rate, immunity, and tibia health in broiler chicks
Authors: Li Desheng , Fang Shan , He Feng , Fan Xinyan , Wang Tieliang , Chen Zeliang , Wang Mi 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of postbiotics on growth performance, mortality rate, immunity, small intestinal health, tibia characteristics, and hematological parameters of broiler chicks. he postbiotics were derived from Bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025.MethodsA total of 480 day-old Arbor acre broiler chicks (52.83 ± 1.38 g) were used in a 42-day study and were randomly allocated into four groups. Each group comprised 6 replicate cages, each containing 20 birds. Dietary treatments were based on a basal diet, supplemented with postbiotics at concentrations of 0.000%, 0.015%, 0.030%, or 0.045%.Results and discussionThe results demonstrated an improvement in growth performance, antibody titers against avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus, serum albumin levels, and serum total protein levels, as well as a reduction in mortality rate among broiler chicks with increasing levels of postbiotic supplementation. The most significant effect were observed in the group receiving 0.015% postbiotics. Furthermore, a dose-dependent enhancement in tibia weight and tibia weight to length ratio, coupled with a reduction in the robusticity index, was noted. The most favorable outcomes for tibia health were observed in the group receiving 0.030% postbiotics. This improvement in tibia health corresponded to a linear increase in serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus contents. In summary, supplementing broiler chicks with 0.015% postbiotics effectively enhances immunity, leading to improved growth performance and reduced mortality rates. Additionally, a postbiotic dose of 0.030% is suitable for optimizing tibia health.
Status Kesehatan Mental Perawat dalam Menangani Pasien Covid-19
Authors: Adhiwijaya Ardian , Fitriani Aidah , Gani Nurul Fadhilah 
Published: July 2024

The fast-spreading Covid-19 disease creates mental health problems for nurses related to the increasing number of patients, excessive workload and hours accompanied by inadequate personal protective equipment. The aim of this study is to analyze the mental health status of nurses in managing Covid-19 patients in South Sulawesi. The type of research is a descriptive observational research design. This research was conducted online by involving 7 referral hospitals with Covid-19 in South Sulawesi Province which will be implemented on August until December 2020. The sample in this study were 83 nurses who were in charge of treating Covid-19 patients at the South Sulawesi Covid-19 Referral Hospital, who were selected by the cluster random sampling technique. Mental health status was measured using the DASS-21 instrument. The majority of nurses do not feel symptoms of anxiety, stress or depression when dealing with Covid-19 patients. However, there are nurses who experience severe anxiety and even very severe and there are also nurses who experience extreme depression. The results of the nurses' answers stated that sometimes they find it difficult to relax because of the increased workload (47%), sometimes their feelings are easily moved or touched (55.4%). There are 3.6% of nurses who always find it difficult to feel positive (happy, proud, etc.) There are even nurses who are not enthusiastic about anything (1.2%). Nurses who treat Covid-19 patients have good mental health status, tend not to experience stress, anxiety or depression.
Gambaran Citra Tubuh pada Remaja dengan Thalasemia
Authors: Angelina Neneng Vinna , Nuryani Reni , Lindasari Sri Wulan 
Published: July 2024

Adolescents with thalassemia experience emotional feelings such as mood swings, and have more psychological, emotional, and social behavioral problems than healthy adolescents, at this age their abilities and development become better in participating in understanding their own health status. Thalassemia adolescents use their own point of view when assessing body shape, and even have a difficult task compared to ordinary adolescents who are looking for an identity at this age. The physical impact that occurs on Facies Cooley, is characterized by a protruding forehead, depression of the nasal bones, black skin, enlarged spleen, bone deformities, and short stature which can cause a disturbance of self-image. Adolescents at this age can solve simple problems, and work methods at a young age will be more focused so they don't make many mistakes when given simple tasks. This study aimed to describe body image in adolescents with thalassemia at Sumedang Hospital in 2023. This research method used a quantitative descriptive design, with a population of 47 adolescents with thalassemia. The sampling technique uses total sampling. The data collection instrument used was the Body Image Scale (BIS) questionnaire which had been modified by the author with a validity test result of 0.684 and Cronbach alpha reliability of 0,728. The results showed that most of the adolescent respondents with thalassemia had adequate body image, namely 36 respondents (76.6%), good body image of 5 respondents (10.7%), and poor body image of 6 respondents (12, 7%).
Statistical Studies to Identify Factors in Risk management by the Example of Forming a Healthy Lifestyle in University Students
Authors: Казакова Ю.М. , Кронивец Н.А. , Савостикова О.С. , Савенко А.А. 
Published: July 2024

Для изучения информированности студентов по вопросам формирования навыков здорового образа жизни был проведен опрос 198 респондентов среди студентов вузов различных направлений с использованием приложения Google Forms, включающий 32 вопроса. По результатам проведенной оценки установлено, что присутствует существенная необходимость уделять больше внимания информированию и мотивации студентов медицинского профиля (в том числе стоматологического) по формированию навыков здорового образа жизни, поскольку будущим врачам необходимо не только поддерживать свое здоровье, но и эффективно рекомендовать и прививать эти навыки пациентам. Результатами анкетирования стало заключение о низкой информированности и недостаточной мотивированности студентов соблюдать принципы здорового образа жизни в целом и полости рта в частности.
To study the awareness of students on the issues of developing healthy lifestyle skills, a survey of 198 respondents among university students of various fields was conducted using the Google Forms application, including 32 questions. Based on the results of the assessment, it was established that there is a significant need to pay more attention to informing and motivating medical students (including dentistry) to develop healthy lifestyle skills, since future doctors need not only to maintain their health, but also to effectively recommend and instill these skills patients. The results of the survey were the conclusion about low awareness and insufficient motivation of students to comply with the principles of a healthy lifestyle in general and the oral cavity in particular.
Forecasting and planning of demographic development in the Russian Federation
Authors: Орехова М.С. , Матрюкова Д.Е. , Шевченко Р.А. 
Published: July 2024

В статье представлены особенности прогнозирования и планирования демографического развития в России на предстоящий период. Уровень актуальности данной статьи довольно высок, так как демографическое данные всей страны изменяются ежедневно. Однако, анализ численности населения не даст точных результатов без рассмотрения прогнозирования и планирования демографического состояния.
The article presents the features of forecasting and planning of demographic development in Russia for the coming period. The level of relevance of this article is quite high, since the demographic data of the entire country changes daily. However, population analysis will not give accurate results without considering population forecasting and planning.
Actual problem of Russian education
Authors: Шепель В.М. 
Published: July 2024

Предпочтения в отношение западной системы образования не оправдали себя в России. В современной коррекции нуждается и лучшая в мире советская система образования. В этой связи достоверное знание достоинств и недостатков национального ума имеет важное научнопознавательное значение для совершенствования системы государственного образования РФ.
Preferences for the Western education system have not justified themselves in Russia. The world's best Soviet system of education also needs a modern correction. In this regard, reliable knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of the national mind is of great scientific and cognitive importance for improving the system of public education in the Russian Federation.