bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalence in Japanese blood donors and high detection frequency of CMV DNA in elderly donors
Authors: Furui Yasumi , Satake Masahiro , Hoshi Yuji , Uchida Shigeharu , Suzuki Ko , Tadokoro Kenji 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundThe current prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Japan and the risk of CMV transfusion transmission are unknown in the era of seronegative leukoreduced blood components.Study Design and MethodsWe measured CMV‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG in 2400 samples of whole blood collected from 12 groups of blood donors categorized by sex and age at 10‐year intervals from their teens to their 60s. We also tested for CMV DNA using polymerase chain reaction in the cellular fractions of all samples.ResultsWe found that 76.6% of blood donors were CMV seropositive. The seroprevalences among donors in their 20s and 30s were 58.3 and 73.3%, respectively. We detected CMV DNA in the cellular fraction of 4.3% of samples from donors in their 60s and in 1.0% of samples from donors younger than 60 years. None of the 562 seronegative samples was DNA positive. Furthermore, 14% of DNA‐positive samples also contained DNA in the plasma fraction, and two of five such samples were derived from donors in their 60s. Leukoreduced plasma components derived from donations with CMV DNA in plasma samples also contained a relevant amount of CMV DNA.ConclusionThe seroprevalence of CMV among Japanese blood donors of child‐bearing age has not changed over the past 15 years. Latent CMV becomes reactivated more frequently among elderly donors than among younger donors. A proportion of them have free CMV DNA in their plasma fraction, which could not be diminished by leukoreduction. The risk of transfusion‐transmitted CMV infection in blood with plasma CMV DNA should be determined.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF PRIMARY AND CONCOMITANT FLEXOR ENTHESOPATHY IN THE CANINE ELBOW
Authors: de Bakker Evelien , Gielen Ingrid , Kromhout Kaatje , van Bree Henri , Van Ryssen Bernadette 
Published: August 2013

Flexor enthesopathy is a recently recognized elbow disorder in dogs and considered to be an important differential diagnosis for elbow lameness. Primary and concomitant forms of the disease have been previously described and treatments differ for the two forms. The goal of this prospective study was to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for dogs with primary flexor enthesopathy (n = 17), concomitant flexor enthesopathy (n = 23), elbow dysplasia alone (n = 13), and normal elbows (n = 7). Each elbow joint underwent MRI using the same low‐field scanner. Sequences included transverse and sagittalT1‐weighted (before and after IV contrast), transverse and sagittal T2‐weighted, and dorsal STIR. For each elbow,MRIlesions were recorded based on a consensus of two observers unaware of group status. Magnetic resonance imaging lesions involving flexor tendons were found in 100% of clinically affected joints with primary flexor enthesopathy and 96% of clinically affected joints with concomitant flexor enthesopathy. Thickened flexor muscles were the most common lesions, followed by hyperintense tendon signal and contrast enhancement. Irregular, thickened medial humeral epicondyle, edema, and calcified body lesions were less frequently observed. Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of flexor enthesopathy were not found in normal joints or those affected by elbow dysplasia alone. No significant differences in frequencies and details of individualMRIcharacteristics were found between primary and concomitant flexor enthesopathy groups. Findings indicated that MRI is a sensitive technique for detection of flexor enthesopathy lesions in dogs, however, MRI characteristics do not allow differentiation of primary versus concomitant forms of the disease.
GLOBAL BIOETHICS: TRANSNATIONAL EXPERIENCES AND ISLAMIC BIOETHICS
Authors: ten Have Henk 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn the 1970s “bioethics” emerged as a new interdisciplinary discourse on medicine, health care, and medical technologies, primarily in Western, developed countries. The main focus was on how individual patients could be empowered to cope with the challenges of science and technology. Since the 1990s, the main source of bioethical problems is the process of globalization, particularly neo‐liberal market ideology. Faced with new challenges such as poverty, inequality, environmental degradation, hunger, pandemics, and organ trafficking the bioethical discourse of empowering individuals is no longer sufficient. Global bioethics nowadays is concerned with applying and implementing a universal ethical framework. Islamic bioethics has contributed to creating such framework (exemplified in the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights) while at the same time it is continuously articulating and interpreting this framework in specific settings and contexts.
INDIVIDUALITY IN THEOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND THEORIES OF EMBODIED COGNITION
Authors: Turner Léon 
Published: August 2013

AbstractContemporary theological anthropology is now almost united in its opposition toward concepts of the abstract individual. Instead there is a strong preference for concrete concepts, which locate individual human being in historically and socioculturally contingent contexts. In this paper I identify, and discuss in detail, three key themes that structure recent theological opposition to abstract concepts of the individual: (1) the idea that individual human beings areconstitutedin part by their relations with their environments, with other human beings, and with God; (2) the idea that individual human beings are unique entities; (3) the idea that individual human beings cannot be conceptualized in atemporal terms. Subsequently, I seek to demonstrate that theories of embodied cognition offer broad, if not unconditional, support for the concept of the concrete individual. As such, I suggest, theories of embodied cognition provide a valuable resource for dialogue between contemporary science and theological anthropology.
Aluminum Catenary Production Riser: Design, Testing Results, Ways to Improvement
Authors: Tikhonov Vadim , Gelfgat Mikhail , Alikin Rudolf , Chizhikov Valery , Shaposhnikov Valery , Dias Paulo 
Published: August 2013

One of the widely used systems for offshore oil production in water depths up to 500–2500 meters is a steel catenary riser (SCR). Requirements for long-term corrosion resistance of SCR are very stringent, that obliges to manufacture it from expensive steels. Still, the increased water depth leads to increased riser tension, grown pressure, aggravated buckling and oscillation problems. Among alternative materials to manufacture catenary risers, i.e., steel, titanium and aluminum alloys, the aluminum is the best from the “Strength/Weight/Cost” aspects with its high corrosion strength.
Design of an aluminum catenary production riser (ACPR) was developed in Russia; and comprehensive tests were performed on mechanical characteristics and corrosion resistance properties of ACPR tubes and their connections. Two possible connections of riser sections were considered, i.e., welded and threaded. Strength analysis of threaded connection was performed by FEM.
Mechanical testing included: testing of small samples of pipe material and welded connection cut out of riser section, testing of full-scale specimens of connection prototypes, and measurement of residual stresses. Structural and corrosion tests of samples consist of investigation of standard metallographic characteristics of pipe material and welded connection, and assessment of effects of different types of corrosion in seawater and oil fluid. The results of performed work have led to the conclusion that welded connection is most prospective for ACPR manufacturing. At the same time, the testing revealed certain improvements need to be done in the course of further work on this project.
Shielding Effect on the Overall Hydrodynamic Properties of Complex Subsea Structures
Authors: Cinello Alexandre , Pétrié François , Le Hir Eric , Molin Bernard , de Hauteclocque Guillaume 
Published: August 2013

Deepwater field developments are usually associated with large submarine packages to be installed such as suction anchors, manifolds and other subsea equipment.
Key data for the lowering operation engineering are the added mass and drag coefficients of the package, which is usually a complex structure made of plates (mudmat, drop object protection…), piping and miscellaneous equipment. To extract these hydrodynamics coefficients, it is usual industry practice to consider the package overall volume or to sum the individual components coefficients which may lead to very different results.
Experimental investigations on generic complex structures have been conducted within the CITEPH project “Offshore installation of heavy package – phase II”, with the aim of better understanding the hydrodynamics coefficients to be used for the design.
This paper presents the work that has been performed during this joint industry project, in 2010/2011, with the support of TOTAL, TECHNIP, SAIPEM and DORIS Engineering, on shielding effect. In particular, model tests set-up and main results are discussed. The trends that have been found and the empirical laws that have been established as functions of dimensionless numbers are also presented.
Design Aspects of the Zap-Lok® Connection for Onshore and Offshore Applications
Authors: Chapman Ben 
Published: August 2013

The Zap-Lok® joint is a mechanical interference connection that, under certain conditions, utilises applied loads to energise a metal-to-metal seal face. One end of the pipe is cold-formed to form a ‘bell’ and the other is formed into a spigot or ‘pin’ as shown in figure 1. These are then subsequently joined in the field by means of a hydraulic press.
The technology has been applied in numerous permanent oil and gas applications both onshore and offshore as an alternative to conventional welding where its inherent speed of construction and mechanical integrity provide a useful means of performing well hook ups.
The purpose of this paper is to draw from the wealth of testing that has been conducted on the Zap-Lok® joint over recent years and present a fully verifiable analytical modelling technique that describes the stress-strain behaviour under typical static operational loading conditions as an orthotropic material. This shall be put forth in the form of a series of stress strain curves as well as a maximum strength model.
In addition, certain requirements shall be put into place in order that pipeline engineers and designers may put into context the various load parameters that exist can be interpreted under the ASME B31 suite of pipeline design codes in order that design and installation shall comply with the aforementioned codes.
Application of a Wave Devouring Propulsion System to Ocean Engineering
Authors: Terao Yutaka , Sunahara Shunji 
Published: August 2013

A WDPS (wave devouring propulsion system) is a device that generates thrust directly from wave power and, at the same time, generates large damping forces. This phenomena is same as the thrust generation by the oscillating hydrofoil which are commonly used as the animal propulsion system such as the sea mammals or birds or fish propulsion. Relative flow acting on the hydrofoil generates thrust and damping force respectively.
It is quite simple and consists of hydrofoils positioned in front of the bow. If the WDPS is installed in a ship hull, it can drive the hull (even against waves). One example is shown in Photo 1-1, the small WDPS vessel named Mermaid II, which succeeded in a historical trans-Pacific voyage from Hawaii to Japan (about 7800 km) in 2008 using only wave power. It proves that the WDPS may have some potential in the field of ocean engineering. In this paper we will propose two WDPS applications.
One potential application is a midsized floating-type ocean wind turbine generator, which is composed of a single wind turbine on a catamaran hull with a set one-point mooring system. For this application, a new hull form and WDPS are developed based on Mermaid II. The hull needs to be stabilized because the ocean wind energy absorption efficiency is affected by the hull’s motion. Additionally, the mooring forces acting on the hull need to be reduced to keep the construction and power generation costs down. Therefore, the WDPS is installed in front of the hull to reduce/overcome the wave drifting force and the wind drag force. Another anticipated function of the WDPS is motion stabilization, particularly for pitch and roll motions. A suitable hull form is determined from wave tank experiments and is discussed herein.
The other proposal is a multi-function WDPS that functions as both a wave energy absorption device and a wave thruster. Many hydrofoil-type wave energy conversion systems with forward propulsion have been proposed, but no advanced speed-type systems with a multi-function WDPS. A newly designed forced heave-pitch oscillator is also introduced, and tests are performed in the wave tank. The optimum hydrofoil control method in waves is discussed, and the thrust control is also tested and discussed.
LQ Structure Design and Verification for FPU
Authors: Song Yooseok , Choi Bowon , Park Taeyoon , Jeon Sangbae 
Published: August 2013

In this paper, Living Quarter (LQ) structural design and verification is carried out for Floating Production Unit (FPU). There is much requirement at LQ area such as ceiling height, escape route and outfitting line for human living and operation, so it is quite difficult to get an optimum structural design. Generally, for the LQ design, the following requirement should be considered.
- Company Specification Requirement
- Class Requirement
- Means of escape and access to lifeboats
- Material Handling
- Outfitting routing space such as Duct, piping, MCT (Multi Cable Transit) and Cable tray etc
- Structural fire protection
- Structural Weight and VCG for FPU stability
- Structural safety – Main Structure, Helideck and Platform
- Temporary living quarters
To meet structural safety criteria under above requirements, global LQ structural analysis and local hole penetration evaluation such as door opening, duct, piping, cable tray and etc is performed. From the analysis results, structural reinforcement is applied at some area and outfitting design and routing is often changed at other areas. To get the final design, this kind of design spiral is repeated. So, close clash checks between structure, outfitting and HES department are essential for LQ design and evaluation.
This paper explains how to proceed the LQ design at Shipyard and be a good example.
Experimental Investigation on Added Mass Coefficient of a Truss Spar Subjected to Vortex-Induced Motions
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yang Jianmin , Peng Tao , Lu Haining 
Published: August 2013

The prediction of response frequency of Truss Spars is important in the estimation of fatigue damage rates. Response frequency depends on the natural frequency of the structure which is influenced by the added mass.
The 1:60 scale Truss Spar model tests have been conducted in towing tank at Zhejiang Ocean University (ZOU). The Truss Spar model consists of a hard tank with removable helical strakes, a truss section and a square soft tank. Model tests were carried out with simplified mooring system.
In this study, results from the experiment subjected to uniform current were reported. The Reynolds numbers varied from 8E04 to 2E05. The mean added mass coefficient and the time-variable added mass coefficient were calculated. The results shown that the predicted natural frequency based on the measured added mass coefficient was approximately equal to the measured mean oscillation frequency. The added mass coefficient calculated from one oscillation cycle to the next varied considerably. The oscillation frequency from one oscillation to the next corresponded to the natural frequency including the added mass coefficient for the same cycle.
Characterization of Dynamic Slug Flow Induced Loads in Pipelines
Authors: Reda Ahmed M. , Forbes Gareth L. , Sultan Ibrahim A. 
Published: August 2013

The flow of a liquid mass, i.e. a ‘slug’, inside thin-walled spanning pipelines, produces a lateral traversing force. This moving force initiates dynamic stresses within the structure and is often critical when assessing structural fatigue.
Moving slugs in spanning pipelines may be modeled as either a moving concentrated force or a moving mass when investigating the vibration response of the pipeline under the passage of a slug flow. The moving concentrated force model only yields accurate results when the mass of the slug is small in relation to that of the pipeline; although, the moving mass model should be used instead when the slug’s mass cannot be regarded as small in relation to the mass of the pipeline.
The modeling of a moving concentrated force is much more readily implemented than that of a moving mass. Thus, the aim of this paper is to identify those situations where the simplification of considering a moving concentrated force can be made, or indeed if dynamic analysis is even required. Results are given in this paper to quantify when the two modeling techniques begin to differ significantly.
It is intended that this paper will assist pipeline engineers discriminate between which appropriate conditions to use for either of the two different models of a traversing concentrated force/mass over a structure.
Investigation on Smeared Thickness Method for Plating Stiffeners on Prediction of Grounding Character of Double Bottom Tanker Over Obstacles With Large Contact Surface
Authors: Liu Yi , Hu Zhiqiang , Amdahl Jørgen 
Published: August 2013

An investigation on smeared thickness method used in prediction of grounding characters for double bottom tanker over obstacles with large contact surface and trapezoidal cross-section was conducted in this paper. Present analytical methods predicting grounding characters mostly simplify the stiffeners’ effect, and consider it by smeared thickness method. Paik proposed a method to calculate the smeared thickness of the plating on the results of model tests of axial crushing of square tubes. This method is used frequently for its simple calculation work. In his method, Paik calculated the smeared thickness by adding a parameter k to take the property of stiffeners on bottom plating into account, and took it for granted that the parameter k can be used as 1.0. However, taking the parameter as 1.0 is not sufficient to consider the stiffeners’ roles during the sliding grounding course, which has been proved by Hu. What value should the parameter k be? It is answered in this paper.
Numerical simulation technique is used to do the investigation. A hold of a double bottom tanker is chosen as the object. Two finite element models are built, one with stiffeners and the other without stiffeners but with smeared thickness on plating. Structural components within the double bottom are built with fine mesh, and the rest are built with coarse mesh. LS_DYNA is used to do the numerical simulation. Grounding resistances and energy dissipation are obtained, to do the comparison and verification. Cases with different indentations are defined. The results of the simulations for the model with stiffeners are taken as true values. The results of simulations for the model without stiffeners but with smeared thickness plating are used to do the comparison, on purpose of determining the value of the parameter k.
With the comparison, the feasibility of the smeared thickness methods is verified. The suitable values of parameter k in smeared thickness method are determined for different indentations cases, for the double bottom tanker during sliding grounding scenario with seabed obstacle with large contact surface and trapezoidal cross section.
Asset Management Challenges of Offshore Installations in Arctic Regions
Authors: Bencomo Alejandro , Markeset Tore 
Published: August 2013

In the last decade we have seen an increase interest by the oil companies in developing oil and gas fields in arctic regions. Companies are trying to adapt conventional procedures and technologies used in more tempered offshore regions into subzero environments. However, some all these proven technologies and techniques are not quite efficient in extreme cold environments.
In this paper the authors discuss the main challenges inherent to operation and maintenance of offshore facilities in arctic regions. Moreover a set of conventional and innovative solutions for these challenges is presented.
Calibration of UWA’s O-Tube Flume Facility
Authors: Luo Chengcai , An Hongwei , Cheng Liang , White David 
Published: August 2013

The O-tube facility, designed and established at the University of Western Australia, is an innovative closed loop flume in which a random storm sequence can be reproduced via control of a large pump system. The O-tube facility is capable of simulating hydrodynamic conditions near the seabed and the interaction with seabed sediment and any infrastructure that is resting on it.
The purpose of carrying out the O-tube calibration described in this paper is to obtain the relationship between the motor rotation movement and the flow velocity generated in the O-tube, such that any required storm history within the performance envelope of the O-tube can be reproduced. A range of flow velocities and the corresponding pump speeds were measured under steady current, oscillatory flow and combined flow conditions. It was found that the relationship between the pump speed and the flow velocity varies with the oscillatory flow period. Based on the pump characteristic curves and O-tube system curves, the correlation between the motor speed and the flow velocity was derived by applying hydraulic theory and the principle of energy conservation.
The derived correlation is validated by reproducing a wide range of target storm series, including a (1:5.8) scaled 100-year return period storm from the North West Shelf of Western Australia in 40 m water depth.
Fatigue Variation in Ships due to the Variability of Environmental Loads
Authors: Mao Wengang , Li Zhiyuan , Ringsberg Jonas W. , Rychlik Igor 
Published: August 2013

The design and analysis of structural strength against fatigue failure always includes large uncertainties. It is crucial to understand and identify the most important uncertainties that affect the performance, functionality and service life of an engineering structure — in particular when it comes to the safety aspect, which may involve the risk of loss of human lives. In maritime industry, it is known that due to various sources of uncertainties in ship fatigue design, some ships may survive (the occurrence of fatigue cracks which may endanger the structural integrity) much longer than their designed life, while other ships develop fatigue cracks far too early. The current investigation presents some of the most important uncertainties and their effects on the accuracy of fatigue assessments in a container vessel.
The study emphasizes the analysis of the fatigue damage variation when the ship is sailing on different routings between two ports. A fatigue model developed by the authors for ship fatigue routing application is employed to estimate the long term fatigue damage. In this model, only a few parameters, i.e. the encountered significant wave height and operational profiles, are needed. The procedure of using this model for a ship fatigue routing design is described in detail. Its potential use and benefits are demonstrated in a case study by a 2,800 TEU container ship using both full-scale measurements and hindcast wave data. It is shown that awareness and careful fatigue routing design can reduce fatigue damage significantly by up to 50%!