bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and Precision of Silicon Based Impression Media for Quantitative Areal Texture Analysis
Authors: Goodall Robert H. , Darras Laurent P. , Purnell Mark A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAreal surface texture analysis is becoming widespread across a diverse range of applications, from engineering to ecology. In many studies silicon based impression media are used to replicate surfaces and the fidelity of replication defines the quality of data collected. However, while different investigators have used different impression media, the fidelity of surface replication has not been subjected to quantitative analysis based on areal texture data. Here we present the results of an analysis of the accuracy and precision with which different silicon based impression media of varying composition and viscosity replicate rough and smooth surfaces. Both accuracy and precision vary greatly between different media. High viscosity media tested show very low accuracy and precision and most other compounds showed either the same pattern, or low accuracy and high precision, or low precision and high accuracy. Of the media tested, mid viscosity President Jet Regular Body and low viscosity President Jet Light Body (Coltène Whaledent) are the only compounds to show high levels of accuracy and precision on both surface types. Our results show that data acquired from different impression media are not comparable, supporting calls for greater standardisation of methods in areal texture analysis.
Revisiting topological properties and models of protein–protein interaction networks from the perspective of dataset evolution
Authors: Shao Mingyu , Zhou Shuigeng , Guan Jihong 
Published: May 2015

Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks are crucial for organisms. Many research efforts have thus been devoted to the study on the topological properties and models of PPI networks. However, existing studies did not always report consistent results on the topological properties of PPI networks. Although a number of PPI network models have been introduced, yet in the literature there is no convincing conclusion on which model is best for describing PPI networks. This situation is primarily caused by the incompleteness of current PPI datasets. To solve this problem, in this study, the authors propose to revisit the topological properties and models of PPI networks from the perspective of PPI dataset evolution. Concretely, they used 12 PPI datasets of Arabidopsis thaliana and 10 PPI datasets of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from different Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID) database versions, and compared the topological properties of these datasets and the fitting capabilities of five typical PPI network models over these datasets.
Avian sarcoma leukosis virus receptor-envelope system for simultaneous dissection of multiple neural circuits in mammalian brain
Authors: Matsuyama Makoto , Ohashi Yohei , Tsubota Tadashi , Yaguchi Masae , Kato Shigeki , Kobayashi Kazuto , Miyashita Yasushi 
Published: May 2015

Significance
Genetic dissection of multiple neural pathways remains challenging because of the limited number of genetic methods that can be used simultaneously. To overcome this limitation, we used modified avian sarcoma and leukosis virus envelopes and receptors to develop highly orthogonal genetic tools that can achieve expression of different genes in different target cells. From in vitro and in vivo screens, we identified tools that can specifically transfer genes of interest into mammalian neurons via engineered receptors, with minimal unintended interactions. Using this approach, we achieved pathway-specific, differential fluorescent labeling of three thalamic neuronal populations, each projecting into different cortical regions. Thus, our approach provides independent, simultaneous, and specific genetic tools for manipulating intermingled neural pathways in vivo.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HELICITY CONDENSATION IN THE SOLAR CORONA
Authors: Zhao L. , DeVore C. R. , Antiochos S. K. , Zurbuchen T. H. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
The helicity condensation model has been proposed by Antiochos to explain the observed smoothness of coronal loops and the observed buildup of magnetic shear at filament channels. The basic hypothesis of the model is that magnetic reconnection in the corona causes the magnetic stress injected by photospheric motions to collect only at those special locations where prominences are observed to form. In this work we present the first detailed quantitative MHD simulations of the reconnection evolution proposed by the helicity condensation model. We use the well-known ansatz of modeling the closed corona as an initially uniform field between two horizontal photospheric plates. The system is driven by applying photospheric rotational flows that inject magnetic helicity into the corona. The flows are confined to a finite region on the photosphere so as to mimic the finite flux system of a bipolar active region, for example. The calculations demonstrate that, contrary to common belief, opposite helicity twists do not lead to significant reconnection in such a coronal system, whereas twists with the same sense of helicity do produce substantial reconnection. Furthermore, we find that for a given amount of helicity injected into the corona, the evolution of the magnetic shear is insensitive to whether the pattern of driving photospheric motions is fixed or quasi-random. In all cases, the shear propagates via reconnection to the boundary of the flow region while the total magnetic helicity is conserved, as predicted by the model. We discuss the implications of our results for solar observations and for future, more realistic simulations of the helicity condensation process.
Levinas the Novelist
Authors: Davis Colin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

The publication of the first volumes of Emmanuel Levinas's
Œuvres
reveals an unexpected side to his work. In his article ‘La Réalité et son ombre’ (1948) he condemns art for being obscure and mystifying. Nevertheless, his posthumous papers show that he had literary ambitions which persisted well beyond the end of the Second World War. Fragments of two novels have been preserved, both dealing with the experience of war. Taken together, his published and unpublished work indicates that, for him, literary and philosophical projects were both antagonistic and intertwined, at least during the key period of his development in the 1940s and 1950s. The publication of his great philosophical work of 1961,
Totalité et infini
, might appear to signal a definitive choice of philosophy over literature; yet that book also incorporates some aspects of Levinas's literary endeavours into its dense fabric, in particular the disruptive effects of war on meaning and ethics. The publication of Levinas's literary fragments reveals a hitherto unknown aspect of his work that complicates and renews our understanding of his philosophical endeavour.
Assessing uncertainty of a multispecies size-spectrum model resulting from process and observation errors
Authors: Zhang Chongliang , Chen Yong , Ren Yiping 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEcosystem models, specifically multispecies dynamic models, have been increasingly used to project impacts of fishing activity on the trophodynamics of ecosystems to support ecosystem-based fisheries management. Uncertainty is unavoidable in modelling processes and needs to be recognized and properly quantified before models are utilized. Uncertainty was assessed in this study for a multispecies size-spectrum model that quantifies community structure and ecological characteristics. The uncertainty was assumed to result from errors in fish life-history and metabolic scale parameters, environmental variability, fishing variability, and sampling errors. Given the same level of imprecision, metabolic scale parameters had the dominant influence on the uncertainty of the size spectrum modelling results, followed by life-history parameters. Both types of errors led to “scenario uncertainty”, suggesting the possible existence of alternative states of community structure. Environmental variability, fishing variability, and observation errors resulted in “statistical uncertainty”, implying that such uncertainty can be described adequately in statistical terms. The results derived from such a simulation study can provide guidance for identifying research priorities to help narrow the gap in scientific knowledge and reduce the uncertainty in fisheries management.
Diagnosis of coronary heart diseases using gene expression profiling; stable coronary artery disease, cardiac ischemia with and without myocardial necrosis
Authors: Kazmi Nabila , Gaunt Tom 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCardiovascular disease including coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death in Europe, and is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. With the advancements in genomic tools and technologies there is potential to predict and diagnose heart disease using molecular data from analysis of blood cells. We analyzed gene expression data from blood samples taken from normal people (n=21), non-significant coronary artery disease (n=93), patients with unstable angina (n=16), stable coronary artery disease (n=14) and myocardial infarction (MI; n=207). We used a feature selection approach to identify a set of gene expression variables which successfully differentiate different cardiovascular diseases. The initial features were discovered by fitting a linear model for each probe set across all arrays of normal individuals and patients with myocardial infarction. Three different feature optimisation algorithms were devised which identified two most discriminating sets of genes one using MI and normal controls (total genes=8) and another one using MI and unstable angina patients (total genes=17). The results proved the diagnostic robustness of the final feature sets in discriminating not only patients with myocardial infraction from healthy controls but also from patients with clinical symptoms of cardiac ischemia with myocardial necrosis and stable coronary artery disease despite the influence of batch effects and different microarray gene chips and platforms. selection approach to identify a set of gene expression variables which successfully differentiate different cardiovascular diseases. The initial features were discovered by fitting a linear model for each probe set across all arrays of normal individuals and patients with myocardial infarction. Three different feature optimisation algorithms were devised which identified two most discriminating sets of genes one using MI and normal controls (total genes=8) and another one using MI and unstable angina patients (total genes=17). The results proved the diagnostic robustness of the final feature sets in discriminating not only patients with myocardial infraction from healthy controls but also from patients with clinical symptoms of cardiac ischemia with myocardial necrosis and stable coronary artery disease despite the influence of batch effects and different microarray gene chips and platforms.
Genetic interactions contribute less than additive effects to quantitative trait variation in yeast
Authors: Bloom Joshua S. , Kotenko Iulia , Sadhu Meru J. , Treusch Sebastian , Albert Frank W. , Kruglyak Leonid 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGenetic mapping studies of quantitative traits typically focus on detecting loci that contribute additively to trait variation. Genetic interactions are often proposed as a contributing factor to trait variation, but the relative contribution of interactions to trait variation is a subject of debate. Here, we use a very large cross between two yeast strains to accurately estimate the fraction of phenotypic variance due to pairwise QTL-QTL interactions for 20 quantitative traits. We find that this fraction is 9% on average, substantially less than the contribution of additive QTL (43%). Statistically significant QTL-QTL pairs typically have small individual effect sizes, but collectively explain 40% of the pairwise interaction variance. We show that pairwise interaction variance is largely explained by pairs of loci at least one of which has a significant additive effect. These results refine our understanding of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits and help guide future mapping studies.
Determinants of livestock farmers’ perception of future droughts and adoption of mitigating plans
Authors: Rakgase Mmofa Amos , Norris David 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper was to determine if there is an association between farmers’ socio-economic profile and their perception of climate change and related events (drought). Understanding of farmers’ perceptions of drought and climate change may assist in informing policy decisions and development of appropriate intervention strategies.Design/methodology/approach– Discriminant analysis was used to assess the relative importance of the discriminating characteristics (socio-economic characteristics) through the utilization of the weights of the discriminant function.Findings– Age, education, literacy level, farm type, location and gender were important predictors of how farmers perceive climate change and drought phenomena.Originality/value– Most of the studies carried out in the study area were largely descriptive and did not find the association between farmer socio-economic profiles and how they perceive climate change and drought events. This paper also uses discriminant analysis which has been rarely used in this type of study.
The signals of green governance on mitigation of climate change – evidence from Chinese firms
Authors: Kuo Lopin , Yu Hui-Cheng , Chang Bao-Guang 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to examines whether Chinese firms’ signals of green governance, including environmental management, green innovation, and greenhouse gas (GHG) and pollution emission, vary significantly with their ownership structure and aim of being environmentally sensitive.Design/methodology/approach– From corporate social responsibility (CSR)-China website and CNINFO, a total of 781 CSR reports released during 2008-2010 were collected. The collected data were coded and analyzed using content analysis.Findings– In overall disclosure of environmental protection information (TotalEP), no significant difference existed between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and privately owned enterprises (POEs). Chinese environmentally sensitive industries (ESIs) have a tendency to disclose significantly more information about their actions of environmental protection than their counterparts. Moreover, SOEs and ESIs scored higher than their counterparts on energy saving and carbon reduction and development of circular economy. A steady increase was also observed in the disclosure ratio for CO2emission. During 2008-2010, SOEs and ESIs were relatively more committed to the disclosure of SO2emission as compared to other emission items.Practical implications– Managers should disclose signals of green governance actively to avoid adverse selection caused by information asymmetry which further lower their financing cost.Originality/value– There is still a lack of evidence as to whether Chinese firms are implementing actions to slow down climate change. This paper endeavours to provide an insight into Chinese firms’ compliance with the green governance requirements of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. The study hopes to fill the current gap in understanding the environmental behaviours of Chinese firms under pressure to alleviate climate change.
Do wildfire experiences influence views on climate change?
Authors: Millar Joanne Elaine , Boon Helen , King David 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore the influence of wildfire events on community perceptions of climate change and the risk of future wildfire disasters in southern Australia.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study was located around Beechworth in northeast Victoria, where wildfires occurred in 2003 and 2009. Semi-structured qualitative interviews and focus group interviews were conducted in 2010, involving 40 people from local businesses, government and property owners.

Findings
– The authors conclude that people’s experiences of recent consecutive wildfire events did not necessarily influence their views on climate change in general or as a causal agent of wildfire events. However, there was general agreement that weather conditions had been extreme in recent times. Some attributed the increase in wildfires to factors other than climate change that were more easily observed.

Research limitations/implications
– Further research is needed into the relationship between wildfire experiences, climate change views and adaptive behaviours across a wider range of social contexts. Research needs to determine if views and behaviours change over time or with frequency or severity of fires.

Practical implications
– Understanding the nature of potential wildfires, and being able to prepare and respond to such events, is more important than believing in climate change, as views may not change in response to fire events. Strategies need to focus on supporting people to prepare, respond and recover from wildfires, regardless of their climate change perceptions.

Social implications
– Paying attention to people’s local social context and how it influences their beliefs about climate change will allow sensitive and adaptive strategies to evolve over time.

Originality/value
– There is limited research into relationships between disaster experiences and perceptions of climate change, particularly the influence of wildfire experiences.
Small business growth: strategic goals and owner preparedness
Authors: Weber Paull , Geneste Louis Andre , Connell Julia 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to identify and empirically test whether growth preparedness and success perceptions are important, discriminating small business owner (SBO) characteristics that influence strategic direction. The intended outcome was to create a strategic typology that resonates with the realities of small business owners, their advisors and policy makers.

Design/methodology/approach
– Empirical data were collected online and by postal survey from 340 small businesses from multiple industry sectors across Australia. Analysis is correlational resulting in the development of a 2 × 2 matrix of strategy types.

Findings
– This paper provides evidence that although a majority of SBOs are not preparing for growth, many still perceive their business as successful. Further, the empirical data demonstrate that growth preparedness and perceived success can be used to classify SBOs into distinct strategic types. While the categories developed show some similarities with the Miles and Snow (1978) typology, they also highlight divergent qualities. Consequently, this paper identifies circumstances where small business strategy must be treated differently from the larger enterprises for which the Miles and Snow typology was developed.

Practical implications
– By providing a concise tool for inclusion in surveys, researchers and practitioners can identify varying strategic types within their own targeted business cohorts.

Originality/value
– The growth/success matrix is original, the value for policy makers and other professionals assisting and supporting SBOs lies in its simplicity as a tool for identifying strategic types in any small business population. Specifically, the matrix provides a valid and reliable empirical analysis tool where none previously existed.
Heritage and development outside the metropolis
Authors: Svensson Eva 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of heritage and participation to sustainable development in a postindustrial context. Special attention is paid to the problematic fields of attractiveness, growth and participation. New ways of working this field are called for.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study relies on retrospectiveparticipatory observation, citizen participation and document analysis.

Findings
– There is a complex relationship between experts and citizens/participants, and heritage and history are considered to be domains of experts. Therefore heritage projects have problems surviving the exodus of experts. Heritage is not perceived as asset for building new businesses by most citizens, but as values “out there”. Heritage may function as a meeting place, attracting different groups of people, but there are complex mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion. A model and a method are put forward for uniting experts and citizens, and driving the integration of heritage in other sectors of society to create innovative sustainability processes.

Research limitations/implications
– A single case study, taking place under special conditions. However, both the results and the context correspond well with similar studies.

Practical implications
– Furthering of integration of heritage management and antiquarian actions in other societal sectors.

Social implications
– More stable networks of citizens/stakeholders and antiquarians.

Originality/value
– A fairly large project involving a multitude of stakeholders and societal interests.
Leveraging environmental scanning methods to identify knowledge management activities in transportation
Authors: Bedford Denise , Harrison Frances 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the level of knowledge management (KM) activity underway in the transportation sector. The environmental scan highlighted common business drivers for KM across transportation agencies.

Design/methodology/approach
– The project team used outreach methods, environmental scanning techniques, targeted interviews constructed around amplifying questions to identify stakeholders. A two-day workshop was sponsored, where stakeholders could discuss common business interests and exchange KM practices.

Findings
– The environmental scan methodology was successful and will be carried over to two other economic sectors in the coming year. The identification and elaboration of business drivers through the amplification process was a valuable contribution. Sharing of KM practices was highly effective because the participants were working from a common set of business drivers.

Research limitations/implications
– This activity has implications for other sectors. Well-designed environmental scans of KM programs and initiatives can identify stakeholders for intra-sector communities of practice. These communities of practice provide a support network for knowledge professionals working within organizations, provide the input for intra-sector KM research agendas, and a collaborative action plan for moving that agenda forward.

Practical implications
– The workshop participants identified six action items to advance the practice of KM within their institutions.

Social implications
– The environmental scan and the workshop resulted in the creation of a community of practice of knowledge professionals for the transportation sector. The community of practice will work to advance KM within the transportation sector.

Originality/value
– The authors believe the scan approach provides a new and valuable approach to encouraging the practice of KM in the field of transportation. The authors also suggest that this approach may be used effectively in other sectors to promote the discipline.