bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of tropospheric oxidants to biomass burning emissions: implications for radiative forcing
Authors: Mao Jingqiu , Horowitz Larry W. , Naik Vaishali , Fan Songmiao , Liu Junfeng , Fiore Arlene M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBiomass burning is one of the largest sources of trace gases and aerosols to the atmosphere and has profound influence on tropospheric oxidants and radiative forcing. Using a fully coupled chemistry‐climate model (GFDL AM3), we find that co‐emission of trace gases and aerosol from present‐day biomass burning increases the global tropospheric ozone burden by 5.1% and decreases global mean OH by 6.3%. Gas and aerosol emissions combine to increase CH4 lifetime nonlinearly. Heterogeneous processes are shown to contribute partly to the observed lower ΔO3/ΔCO ratios in northern high latitudes versus tropical regions. The radiative forcing from biomass burning is shown to vary nonlinearly with biomass burning strength. At present‐day emission levels, biomass burning produces a net radiative forcing of −0.19 W/m2 (−0.29 from short‐lived species, mostly aerosol direct and indirect effects, +0.10 from CH4‐ and CH4‐induced changes in O3 and stratospheric H2O) but increases emissions to over 5 times present levels would result in a positive net forcing.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF VERBAL BEHAVIOR: A BRIEF REVIEW
Authors: Plavnick Joshua B. , Normand Matthew P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA variation of the preintervention functional analysis of problem behavior has recently been extended to identify the function of verbal behavior emitted by children with autism. Recent research suggests that a functional analysis of verbal behavior might be beneficial in evaluating previous instruction and guiding the selection of future educational targets and instructional procedures. The present paper reviews previous literature on the functional analysis of verbal behavior and identifies avenues for future research.
Prescription of Antiepileptics and the Risk of Road Traffic Crash
Authors: Orriols Ludivine , Foubert‐Samier Alexandra , Gadegbeku Blandine , Delorme Bernard , Tricotel Aurore , Philip Pierre , Moore Nicholas , Lagarde Emmanuel ,   on behalf of the CESIR Research Group
Published: February 2013

AbstractStudies assessing the impact of epilepsy and its medication on the risk of road traffic crashes have shown inconsistent results. The aim in this study was to assess this risk using French databases. Data from three French national databases were extracted and matched: the national health care insurance database, police reports, and the national police database of injurious crashes. Only antiepileptics prescribed predominantly in epilepsy were studied (phenobarbital, phenytoin, ethosuximide, valproic acid, vigabatrin, tiagabin, levitiracetam, zonisamide, and lacosamide). A case–control analysis comparing responsible and non‐responsible drivers and a case–crossover analysis were performed. Drivers (72 685) involved in an injurious crash in France between July 2005 and May 2008, were included. Drivers exposed to prescribed antiepileptic medicines (n = 251) had an increased risk of being responsible for a crash (OR 1.74 [1.29–2.34]). The association was also significant for the most severe epileptic patients (n = 99; OR = 2.20 [1.31–3.69]). Case–crossover analysis found no association between crash risk and treatment prescription. Patients with prescription of antiepileptic drugs should be cautioned about their potential risk of road traffic crash. This risk is however more likely to be related to seizures than to the effect of antiepileptic medicines.
Do Children Have the Same Vulnerability to Metabolic Drug–Drug Interactions as Adults? A Critical Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Salem Farzaneh , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin , Johnson Trevor N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMany drug–drug interactions (DDIs) in the pediatric population are managed based on data generated in adults. However, due to developmental changes in elimination pathways from birth to adolesence, and variable weight‐adjusted dose of interacting drugs, the assumption of DDIs being similar in adults and pediatrics might not be correct. This study compares the magnitude of reported DDIs in pediatric and adult populations. A systematic literature review was undertaken to identify reports of DDIs in pediatric subjects. A total of 145 reports of DDIs were identified over the age range of birth to 20 years. The magnitude of DDIs for 24 drug pairs from 31 different pediatric studies could be assessed and compared with those in adults where corresponding data existed. The magnitude of the DDI, as measured by a relevant parameter (e.g., AUC, CL) in the presence and absence of inhibitor, were higher (>1.25‐fold), similar (0.8‐ to 1.25‐fold) or lower (<0.8‐fold) than the corresponding ratio in adults in 10, 15, and 8 cases respectively. An age‐related trend in the magnitude of DDIs could not be established. However, the study highlighted the clear paucity of the data in children younger than 2 years. Care should be exercised when applying the knowledge of DDIs from adults to children younger than 2 years of age.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Dose Optimization of Mycophenolic Acid in HCT Recipients Receiving Oral Mycophenolate Mofetil
Authors: Li H. , Mager D.E. , Sandmaier B.M. , Maloney D.G. , Bemer M.J. , McCune J.S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe sought to create a population pharmacokinetic model for total mycophenolic acid (MPA), to study the effects of different covariates on MPA pharmacokinetics, to create a limited sampling schedule (LSS) to characterize MPA exposure (i.e., area under the curve or AUC) with maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation, and to simulate an optimized dosing scheme for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. Four thousand four hundred ninety‐six MPA concentration–time points from 408 HCT recipients were analyzed retrospectively using a nonlinear mixed effects modeling approach. MPA pharmacokinetics was characterized with a two‐compartment model with first‐order elimination and a time‐lagged first‐order absorption process. Concomitant cyclosporine and serum albumin were significant covariates. The median MPA clearance (CL) and volume of the central compartment were 24.2 L/hour and 36.4 L, respectively, for a 70 kg patient receiving tacrolimus with a serum albumin of 3.4 g/dL. Dosing simulations indicated that higher oral MMF doses are needed with concomitant cyclosporine, which increases MPA CL by 33.8%. The optimal LSS was immediately before and at 0.25 hours, 1.25 hours, 2 hours, and 4 hours after oral mycophenolate mofetil administration. MPA AUC in an individual HCT recipient can be accurately estimated using a five‐sample LSS and maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation.
Clopidogrel, CYP2C19, and a Black Box
Authors: Ford Neville F. , Taubert Dirk 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIt has been presumed that CYP2C19 has a major role in the metabolism of clopidogrel. This presumption has been based on in vitro drug metabolism studies using microsomes from baculovirus infected insect cells (BD‐Supersomes™). If clopidogrel were primarily a CYP2C19 substrate, a drug/drug interaction with CYP2C19 inhibitors, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), for example, omeprazole and lansoprazole would be anticipated. Several ex vivo studies, using ADP stimulated platelet aggregation, suggested that there was such an interaction. The data from these studies served as a basis for FDA to provide a “Black Box” warning for the clopidogrel label in March of 2010. However, a prospective clinical study, COGENT, and several large meta‐analyses have failed to demonstrate a negative effect on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), with concomitant administration of clopidogrel and PPIs. The in vitro work using “Supersomes” was revisited. In vitro metabolism using hepatosomes, which resemble the native cytochrome P‐450 enzyme expression, has confirmed the earlier work that clopidogrel is primarily a CYP3A substrate. This result correlates better with clinical findings. The absence of an increase in MACE by concomitant administration of PPIs, which are CYP2C19 inhibitors, to a regimen including clopidogrel, is therefore not surprising. A hypothesis is offered to explain why subjects, who carry two reduced function alleles of CYP2C19, may have more reactive platelets.
Evolution of subglacial overdeepenings in response to sediment redistribution and glaciohydraulic supercooling
Authors: Creyts Timothy T. , Clarke Garry K. C. , Church Michael 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGlaciers erode bedrock rapidly, but evacuation of sediments requires efficient subglacial drainage networks. If glaciers erode more rapidly than evacuation proceeds, a protective subglacial till layer can form to armor the bed. Where glaciers cross overdeepenings, local closed depressions, the bed slope opposes the ice surface and lowers the hydraulic potential gradient that drives water flow. Here, we present results of a dynamic, distributed model of coupled basal water flow and sediment transport to show how overdeepenings evolve over the course of a melt season. We use steady‐state calculations as well as numerical simulations to understand how alluvial bed erosion alters overdeepenings. Numerical results from a modified form of the Spring‐Hutter equations show behaviors that cannot be inferred from either local or steady‐state calculations. In general, opposition of surface and bed slopes lessens sediment transport regardless of ice accretion from glaciohydraulic supercooling. Drainage efficiency strongly affects erosion and deposition rates. Results show characteristic behaviors of flow through overdeepenings such as overpressured water systems and accretion rates compatible with field measurements. Simulations that start with overdeepened glacier configurations progress out of a freezing regime where glaciohydraulic supercooling occurs. This progression indicates that glacier hydrology is more strongly affected by erosion and deposition than by freezing from glaciohydraulic supercooling. We discuss how this outcome affects glacier erosion and sediment transport under modern and past ice sheets.
Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance in Serbia
Authors: Janošević Stevo , Dženopoljac Vladimir , Bontis Nick 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThis research paper explores the impact of intellectual capital (IC) and its various components on financial performance of 100 Serbian companies within the real sector (which includes all companies in the Serbian economy not including banking and insurance).Design/methodology/approachThe performance measures used were net profit, operating revenues, operating profit, return on equity (ROE), and return on assets (ROA), whereas IC efficiency was measured using value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC). A multiple‐regression model was used to assess the relationship among individual components of VAIC and financial performance.FindingsNet profit, operating revenue, and operating profit are not the consequence of the efficient use of IC in Serbian companies. On the other hand, human and structural capital affect ROE and ROA, whereas physical capital influences ROE.Research limitations/implicationsVAIC is an accounting measure of performance and therefore does not provide an adequate framework for analyzing synergy between human, structural, and physical capital. In addition, the model fails to offer adequate analysis for those companies that have negative values for equity and operating profit.Practical implicationsThe presented results are especially useful for further research regarding the role and significance of IC for Serbian companies. By focusing on adequate IC management and use, the Serbian economy's competitiveness level would increase.Originality/valueThis paper is original as no previous empirical work on IC and its effects on financial performance have been carried out among Serbian companies in the real sector. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interventional Sialendoscopy After Sialadenectomy
Authors: Sequeira Sunitha M. , Nussenbaum Brian , Ogden M. Allison 
Published: February 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the use of diagnostic and interventional sialendoscopy in patients with prior parotidectomy or submandibular gland excision and persistent sialadenitis and/or sialolithiasis.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records, including demographic data, clinical presentation and exam, radiologic studies, and operative reports.ResultsFive patients, who had undergone prior sialadenectomy for sialadenitis and/or sialolithiasis, underwent sialendoscopy for persistent symptoms during the study period. Three patients were female and two were male, with ages ranging from 39 to 63 years (median, 47 years). Three patients had prior parotidectomy, and two had prior submandibular gland excision. The duration of time from sialadenectomy to sialendoscopy was 3.25 months to 6 years (median, 26 months). Four of the five patients had successful interventional sialendoscopy, with resolution of their symptoms. These four patients underwent extraction of stones, one of which was previously unrecognized. In one patient, duct cannulation and subsequent sialendoscopy could not be performed owing to scarring at the Stensen's papilla; the patient's symptoms initially persisted after the attempted procedure with gradual improvement. No complications occurred in any patients. Importantly, no sequelae resulted from endoscopic instrumentation and irrigation of salivary ducts that ended in blind pouches.ConclusionsSialendoscopy is a safe and frequently effective intervention for persistent sialolithiasis and sialadenitis after salivary gland excision.Level of Evidence4.
Improvement of Nanoprecipitation Technique for Preparation of Gelatin Nanoparticles and Potential Macromolecular Drug Loading
Authors: Khan Saeed Ahmad , Schneider Marc 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn optimum nanoprecipitation technique for gelatin nanoparticles is established, based on aqueous gelatin solution and ethanolic solution containing stabilizer. Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde results in stable gelatine nanoparticles. Several factors such as the surfactant concentration, type of surfactant, type of nonsolvent and gelatin concentration are evaluated. Gelatin nanoparticles with 200–300 nm can be produced using 20–30 mg mL−1 of gelatin and a minimum of 7% w/v stabilizer (Poloxamer 407 or 188). Furthermore, methanol and ethanol are good nonsolvents, whereas other nonsolvents such as acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and acetonitrile, result in phase separation and visible precipitates. The entrapment efficiency of fluorescein‐isothiocyanate (FITC)‐dextran as model drug was determined to 50% with no substantial effect on particle size. 80% of the drug is only released after enzymatic digestion. magnified image
Lithium induces follicular atresia in rat ovary through a GSK‐3β/β‐catenin dependent mechanism
Authors: Mirakhori Fahimeh , Zeynali Bahman , Tafreshi Azita Parvaneh , Shirmohammadian Ameneh 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLithium chloride (LiCl) is a drug used to treat bipolar disorder, but has side effects in the female reproductive system. Although lithium is known to decrease folliculogenesis and induce follicular atresia in rodent ovaries, its cellular and molecular effects in the ovary have not yet been addressed. To investigate these effects, 23‐day‐old immature female rats were injected with 10 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), followed by injections of 250 mg/kg LiCl every 12 hr for four doses. Ovaries were removed 40 and 48 hr after PMSG administration and prepared for histology, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and DNA laddering analysis. Our results showed that in the ovaries of LiCl‐treated rats, few antral but more atretic follicles were present compared to those of the control rats. The induction of atresia by LiCl was further confirmed by the presence of DNA fragmentation, accompanied by a reduced level of 17β‐estradiol in the serum. At the cellular level, lithium significantly decreased the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐positive cells and conversely increased the number of TUNEL‐positive cells in the granulosa layer of the antral follicles. At the molecular level, lithium increased the level of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase‐3β, and unexpectedly decreased the expression of active (stabilized) β‐catenin. Altogether, our results indicate that lithium disrupts the balance between proliferation and apoptosis in granulosa cells, leading to follicular atresia possibly through the reduction in both the stabilized β‐catenin and 17β‐estradiol synthesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 286–296, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuromuscular disease and anesthesia
Authors: Romero Alan , Joshi Girish P. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTPatients with neuromuscular disease pose many anesthetic challenges and are at greater risk for perioperative complications, including respiratory or cardiovascular dysfunction and pulmonary aspiration. Therefore, these patients require special precautions, including interdisciplinary communication between primary care physicians, neurologists, physiatrists, surgeons, and anesthesiologists. Preoperative evaluation and optimization of comorbid conditions is critical. These patients may have adverse response to neuromuscular blocking drugs and the reversal drugs (e.g., neostigmine). They should be used with caution and titrated based on objective neuromuscular monitoring. Drugs that potentiate neuromuscular blocking drugs should also be avoided or their doses limited if possible. The risk of malignant hyperthermia in certain neuromuscular diseases mandates avoidance of triggering agents such as succinylcholine and inhaled anesthetics. Patients with neuromuscular disease may also be sensitive to sedative‐hypnotics and opioids, which should be used judiciously. Finally, the postoperative period requires close monitoring due to increased risk of postoperative cardiorespiratory dysfunction. Muscle Nerve 48: 451–460, 2013
Lifestyle risk factors for ulnar neuropathy and ulnar neuropathy‐like symptoms
Authors: Frost Poul , Johnsen Birger , Fuglsang‐Frederiksen Anders , Svendsen Susanne W. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We examined whether lifestyle factors differ between patients with ulnar neuropathy confirmed by electroneurography (ENG) and those with ulnar neuropathy‐like symptoms with normal ulnar nerve ENG. Methods: Among patients examined by ENG for suspected ulnar neuropathy, we identified 546 patients with ulnar neuropathy and 633 patients with ulnar neuropathy‐like symptoms. These groups were compared with 2 separate groups of matched community referents and to each other. Questionnaire information on lifestyle was obtained. The electrophysiological severity of neuropathy was also graded. We used conditional and unconditional logistic regression. Results: Responses were obtained from 59%. Ulnar neuropathy was related to smoking, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 4.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.43–7.64) for >24 pack‐years. Ulnar neuropathy‐like symptoms were related to body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, OR 1.99 (95% CI 1.25–3.19). Smoking was associated with increased severity of ulnar neuropathy. Conclusions: Findings suggest that smoking specifically affects the ulnar nerve. Muscle Nerve 48: 507–515, 2013
Erinnerungen: Erlesenes und Erlebtes
Authors: Jost R. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract„Wir wissen mit weit mehr Deutlichkeit, daß unser Wille frei ist, als daß alles, was geschieht, eine Ursache haben müsse. Könnte man also nicht einmal das Argument umkehren und sagen: Unsre Begriffe von Ursache und Wirkung müssen sehr unrichtig sein, weil unser Wille nicht frei sein könnte, wenn die Vorstellung richtig wäre.”︁Georg Christian Lichtenberg (1742–1799)Sudelbuch I (1789–1793)
Holographische Abbildungssysteme
Authors: Weingärtner I. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHolographische Linsen bestehen aus gitterähnlichen Strukturen, an denen durch Beugung eine Umlenkung von Wellenfronten erfolgt. Daher lassen sich holographische Linsen zu Abbildungszwecken einsetzen. Zur Korrektion der Farbfehler und der geometrischen Bildfehler werden holographische abbildende Elemente zu Systemen zusammengesetzt. Auch Kombinationen holographischer Optik mit gewöhnlicher Glas‐ oder Spiegeloptik können günstige Eigenschaften haben. Am Beispiel verschiedener holographischer Abbildungssysteme sollen die Fehlerkorrektion sowie praktische Anwendungen demonstriert werden.
Newtons Optik als unvollendetes quantenphysikalisches Konzept
Authors: Bopp F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn seinen Büchern über Optik ist Newton von seinen Prinzipien der „experimentellen Philosophie”︁ ausgegangen – und gescheitert. Hier soll gezeigt werden, daß dieser Fehlschlag nichts mit Newtons naturwissenschaftlichen Prinzipien zu tun hat. Lediglich das Fehlen geeigneter mathematischer Hilfsmittel hat den Erfolg verhindert. Mit heutiger Mathematik liefert Newtons Konzept einen Zugang zur Quantenoptik.
Neuer Präsident der Europäischen Wissenschaftsstiftung/Zusätzliche Gesellschafter für das Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe/MPG‐Jahrbuch 1984/Geheimnisse der Materie: Forschung bei CERN: Ausstellung im Deutschen Museum München
Authors: Rechenberg H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractH. Rechenberg
Die Mengendimension: Ein Postulat als Entscheidungskriterium für den minimalen Deutlichkeitsgrad von Größensystemen
Authors: Rang O. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFür die Beurteilung eines Systems physikalischer Größen sind zwei Aspekte ausschlaggebend: die Zweckmäßigkeit (pragmatischer Aspekt) und die Deutlichkeit (axiomatischer Aspekt). Die Entscheidung für das SI‐System und die Empfehlung des MKSA‐Untersystems als kohärentes Einheitensystem reflektiert die Dominanz des pragmatischen Aspektes. Der folgende Beitrag setzt sich mit dem axiomatischen Grundlagen von Größensystemen im allgemeinen auseinander. Es wird ein objektiv handhabbares Kriterium dafür abgeleitet, ob das Zurückführen physikalischer Größen auf andere Größen vertretbar ist oder nicht (Mengendimensionspostulat).
Basel‐Stadt: Leonhard Euler 1707–1783/Cahn, Haasen: Physical Metallurgy 1 u. 2/Christophorou: Electron‐Molecule Interactions and their Applications, Vol. 2/Barnett, Harrison: Applied Atomic Collision Physics/Franklin: Briefe von der Elektrizität/Collins, Martin: Hadron Interactions/Chandrasekhar: The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes/Helmholtz: Über die Erhaltung der Kraft
Authors: Strubecker K. , Mecking H. , Wolf H. C. , Schumacher U. , Melchert F. , Wegener D. , Sexl R. U. , Kuhn W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBeiträge zu Leben und Werk
Spontane Paarerzeugung — ein Hinweis auf Riesenkerne?
Authors: Müller B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDie Streuung schwerer Ionen bei nicht‐relativistischen Energien bietet ideale Voraussetzungen, um das Verhalten des Vakuums unter dem Einfluß starker elektromagnetischer Felder zu studieren. Der Aufsatz hat das Ziel, nach einem ÜberblickHier sei besonders auf den Artikel von J. Reinhardt und W. Greiner in dieser Zeitschrift verwiesen [1], in dem sich alle wichtigen Referenzen finden.
) über den Stand dieses Forschungsgebietes diejenigen Fragen aufzuzeigen, deren Klärung in nächster Zukunft die vordringliche Aufgabe der Forschung sein wird.
Elektromagnetischer Impuls einer Nuklearexplosion in großen Höhen: Teil I: Entstehung
Authors: Ochs W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDer elektromagnetische Puls einer Nuklearexplosion in großen Höhen hat in den letzten Jahren große Publizität erlangt, da er innerhalb einer Sekunde ein Gebiet von der Größe Kontinentaleuropas erfassen und dort Ausfälle besonders in weiträumigen Kommunikationsnetzen und automatischen Steuersystemen hervorrufen kann. Anhand eines vereinfachten Modells wird die Entstehung dieses Phänomens skizziert. Teil II des Artikels befaßt sich mit den Folgen des EMP und beschreibt Möglichkeiten zum Schutz. Er erscheint in der nächsten Ausgabe der Physikalischen Blätter (Autor: R. Sturm).