bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat stress in plants: sensing, signalling, and ferroptosis
Authors: Distéfano Ayelén Mariana , Bauer Victoria , Cascallares Milagros , López Gabriel Alejandro , Fiol Diego Fernando , Zabaleta Eduardo , Pagnussat Gabriela Carolina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the current context of global warming, high temperature events are becoming more frequent and intense in many places around the world. In this context, understanding how plants sense and respond to heat is essential to develop new tools to prevent plant damage and address global food security, as high temperature events are threatening agricultural sustainability. This review summarizes and integrates our current understanding underlying the cellular, physiological, biochemical, and molecular regulatory pathways triggered in plants under moderately high and extremely high temperature conditions. Given that extremely high temperatures can also trigger ferroptosis, the study of this cell death mechanism constitutes a strategic approach to understand how plants might overcome otherwise lethal temperature events.
Bacterial networks and enzyme genes in bacterial floccules from hydrolysis and aeration reactors in a dairy wastewater treatment system
Authors: Song Zule , Hua Jia , Zhang Xiao , Li Kejun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The dairy industry generates substantial wastewater, which is commonly treated using integrated anaerobic hydrolysis and aerated biofilm reactors. However, the bacterial composition and functional differences within the generated floccules remain unclear. In this study, we employed 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing to compare bacterial communities and enzyme gene profiles between suspended floccules from the hydrolysis ponds and the aeration ponds. Results revealed that the bacterial phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes dominated the wastewater treatment system and the relative abundance of these bacterial phyla varied in each pond. Additionally, the aeration ponds exhibited higher bacterial operational taxonomic units and enzyme gene abundance. Network analysis demonstrated a more complex bacterial network structure in the hydrolysis ponds compared to the aeration ponds. Furthermore, enzyme gene abundance revealed higher metabolic enzyme genes in the hydrolysis ponds, while signal transduction enzyme genes were more abundant in the aeration ponds. Notably, the top 10 bacterial genera, primarily Hydromonas in the hydrolysis ponds and Ferruginibacter in the aeration ponds, exhibited distinct contributions to signal transduction enzyme genes. Hydromonas dominated the metabolic enzyme genes in both ponds. These findings provide crucial insights for optimizing dairy wastewater treatment technologies.
GalaxyFlow: upsampling hydrodynamical simulations for realistic mock stellar catalogues
Authors: Lim Sung Hak , Raman Kailash A , Buckley Matthew R , Shih David 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Cosmological N-body simulations of galaxies operate at the level of ‘star particles’ with a mass resolution on the scale of thousands of solar masses. Turning these simulations into stellar mock catalogues requires ‘upsampling’ the star particles into individual stars following the same phase-space density. In this paper, we introduce two new upsampling methods. First, we describe GalaxyFlow, a sophisticated upsampling method that utilizes normalizing flows to both estimate the stellar phase-space density and sample from it. Secondly, we improve on existing upsamplers based on adaptive kernel density estimation (KDE), using maximum likelihood estimation to fine-tune the bandwidth for such algorithms in a way that improves both the density estimation accuracy and upsampling results. We demonstrate our upsampling techniques on a neighbourhood of the Solar location in two simulated galaxies: Auriga 6 and h277. Both yield smooth stellar distributions that closely resemble the stellar densities seen in the Gaia DR3 catalogue. Furthermore, we introduce a novel multimodel classifier test to compare the accuracy of different upsampling methods quantitatively. This test confirms that GalaxyFlow more accurately estimates the density of the underlying star particles than methods based on KDE, at the cost of being more computationally intensive.
Spectropolarimetric view of the gamma-ray emitting NLS1 1H0323 + 342
Authors: Jose Jincen , Rakshit Suvendu , Panda Swayamtrupta , Woo Jong-Hak , Stalin C S , Neha Sharma , Pandey Shivangi 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The gamma-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies are a unique class of objects that launch powerful jets from relatively lower-mass black hole systems compared to the Blazars. However, the black hole masses estimated from the total flux spectrum suffer from the projection effect, making the mass measurement highly uncertain. The polarized spectrum provides a unique view of the central engine through scattered light. We performed spectropolarimetric observations of the gamma-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H0323 + 342 using SPOL/MMT. The degree of polarization and polarization angle are 0.122 $\pm$ 0.040 per cent and 142 $\pm$ 9 degrees, while the H $\alpha$ line is polarized at 0.265 $\pm$ 0.280 per cent. We decomposed the total flux spectrum and estimated broad H $\alpha$ full width at half maximum of 1015 km s$^{-1}$. The polarized flux spectrum shows a broadening similar to the total flux spectrum, with a broadening ratio of 1.22. The Monte Carlo radiative transfer code ‘STOKES’ applied to the data provides the best fit for a small viewing angle of 9–24 deg and a small optical depth ratio between the polar and the equatorial scatters. A thick broad-line region with significant scale height can explain a similar broadening of the polarized spectrum compared to the total flux spectrum with a small viewing angle.
Following the Evolutionary Paths of Dscam1 Proteins toward Highly Specific Homophilic Interactions
Authors: Wiseglass Gil , Rubinstein Rotem 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Many adhesion proteins, evolutionarily related through gene duplication, exhibit distinct and precise interaction preferences and affinities crucial for cell patterning. Yet, the evolutionary paths by which these proteins acquire new specificities and prevent cross-interactions within their family members remain unknown. To bridge this gap, this study focuses on Drosophila Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule-1 (Dscam1) proteins, which are cell adhesion proteins that have undergone extensive gene duplication. Dscam1 evolved under strong selective pressure to achieve strict homophilic recognition, essential for neuronal self-avoidance and patterning. Through a combination of phylogenetic analyses, ancestral sequence reconstruction, and cell aggregation assays, we studied the evolutionary trajectory of Dscam1 exon 4 across various insect lineages. We demonstrated that recent Dscam1 duplications in the mosquito lineage bind with strict homophilic specificities without any cross-interactions. We found that ancestral and intermediate Dscam1 isoforms maintained their homophilic binding capabilities, with some intermediate isoforms also engaging in promiscuous interactions with other paralogs. Our results highlight the robust selective pressure for homophilic specificity integral to the Dscam1 function within the process of neuronal self-avoidance. Importantly, our study suggests that the path to achieving such selective specificity does not introduce disruptive mutations that prevent self-binding but includes evolutionary intermediates that demonstrate promiscuous heterophilic interactions. Overall, these results offer insights into evolutionary strategies that underlie adhesion protein interaction specificities.
An Orphan Gene Enhances Male Reproductive Success in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Zhao Qian , Zheng Yahong , Li Yiying , Shi Lingping , Zhang Jing , Ma Dongna , You Minsheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Plutella xylostella exhibits exceptional reproduction ability, yet the genetic basis underlying the high reproductive capacity remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that an orphan gene, lushu, which encodes a sperm protein, plays a crucial role in male reproductive success. Lushu is located on the Z chromosome and is prevalent across different P. xylostella populations worldwide. We subsequently generated lushu mutants using transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 system. Knockout of Lushu results in reduced male mating efficiency and accelerated death in adult males. Furthermore, our findings highlight that the deficiency of lushu reduced the transfer of sperms from males to females, potentially resulting in hindered sperm competition. Additionally, the knockout of Lushu results in disrupted gene expression in energy-related pathways and elevated insulin levels in adult males. Our findings reveal that male reproductive performance has evolved through the birth of a newly evolved, lineage-specific gene with enormous potentiality in fecundity success. These insights hold valuable implications for identifying the target for genetic control, particularly in relation to species-specific traits that are pivotal in determining high levels of fecundity.
Model-informed drug development of envafolimab, a subcutaneously injectable PD-L1 antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Cui Cheng , Wang Jing , Wang Chunyang , Xu Ting , Qin Lan , Xiao Shen , Gong John , Song Ling , Liu Dongyang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Envafolimab is the first and only globally approved subcutaneously injectable PD-L1 antibody for the treatment of instability-high (MSI-H) or DNA mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) advanced solid tumors in adults, including those with advanced colorectal cancer that has progressed after treatment with a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan. The aim of this investigation was to examine the pharmacokinetic and exposure-response (E-R) profile of envafolimab in patients with solid tumors to support the approval of fixed and alternative dose regimens.

Methods
In this study, a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling approach will be employed to quantitatively evaluate intrinsic and extrinsic covariates. Additionally, PopPK-estimated exposure parameters were used to evaluate E-R relationship for safety and efficacy to provide a theoretical basis for recommending optimal treatment regimens. Simulations were performed on the dosing regimens of body weight-based regimen of 2.50 mg/kg QW, fixed dose 150 mg QW, and 300 mg Q2W for the selection of alternative dosing regimens. Data from 4 clinical studies (NCT02827968, NCT03101488, NCT03248843, and NCT03667170) were utilized.

Results
The PopPK dataset comprised 182 patients with 1810 evaluable envafolimab concentration records. Finally, a one-compartment model incorporating first-order absorption, first-order linear elimination, and time-dependent elimination according to an Emax function was found to accurately describe the concentration-time data of envafolimab in patients with advanced solid tumors. Creatinine clearance and country were identified as statistically significant factors affecting clearance, but had limited clinical significance. A relative flat exposure-response relationship was observed between early measures of safety and efficacy to verify that no dose adjustment is required. Simulation results indicated that 2.50 mg/kg QW, 150 mg QW, and 300 mg Q2W regimen yield similar steady-state exposure.

Conclusions
No statistically significant difference was observed between weight-based and fixed dose regimens. Model-based simulation supports the adoption of a 150 mg weekly or 300 mg biweekly dosing regimen of envafolimab in the solid tumor population, as these schedules effectively balance survival benefits and safety risks.
How Far-Right Extremism Changed American Body Politic
Authors: Nacos Brigitte L , Bloch-Elkon Yaeli 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aggressive rhetoric was part and parcel of the rising Tea Party and the related anti-Obama conspiracy theories. The argument here is that Donald J. Trump, as the leading public promoter of Birther rumors, first-time presidential candidate, and U.S. president, played a starring role in bringing hate speech, violent threats, and political violence into the political mainstream. As a result, political violence increased significantly and several violent far-right extremist groups, domestic terrorist entities, were newly founded after Trump announced his presidential campaign in mid-2015. As ex-president and once again presidential candidate, Trump glorified the criminally convicted participants in the violent breach of the U.S. Capitol on 6 January 2021 and honored violent far-right fringe groups that were active in the late 20th century while threatening revenge against his political enemies. To assess, whether Trump, as 47th U.S. president, would be able to have his political foes investigated and jailed upon his return to the highest office, we looked for answers in the Heritage Foundation's “Project 2025,” the most detailed blueprint for the dismantling of the “deep state” and the best-laid plan for a takeover by Trump and vetted conservative “Make America Great Again” loyalists in January 2025.1 Although the sole focus here is on the rhetoric of far-right extremism and violence in the past 15 years, there were no similarly extreme far-left hate speech patterns and violent extremism related to the Democratic Party during the same time.
BMSCs promote alveolar epithelial cell autophagy to reduce pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting core fucosylation modifications
Authors: Hu Jinying , Wang Nan , Jiang Yu , Li Yina , Qin Biaojie , Wang Zhongzhen , Gao Lili 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury and fibroblast activation. Inadequate autophagy in AECs may result from the activation of several signaling pathways following AEC injury, with glycoproteins serving as key receptor proteins. The core fucosylation (CF) modification in glycoproteins is crucial. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (BMSCs) have the ability to regenerate damaged tissue and treat PF. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship and mechanism of interaction between BMSCs, CF modification, and autophagy in PF.

Methods
C57BL/6 male mice, AEC-specific FUT8 conditional knockout (CKO) mice, and MLE12 cells were administered bleomycin (BLM), FUT8 siRNA, and mouse BMSCs, respectively. Experimental techniques including tissue staining, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, autophagic flux detection, and flow cytometry were used in this study.

Results
First, we found that autophagy was inhibited while FUT8 expression was elevated in PF mice and BLM-induced AEC injury models. Subsequently, CKO mice and MLE12 cells transfected with FUT8 siRNA were used to demonstrate that inhibition of CF modification induces autophagy in AECs and mitigates PF. Finally, mouse BMSCs were used to demonstrate that they alleviate the detrimental autophagy of AECs by inhibiting CF modification and decreasing PF.

Conclusions
Suppression of CF modification enhanced the suppression of AEC autophagy and reduced PF in mice. Additionally, through the prevention of CF modification, BMSCs can assist AECs deficient in autophagy and partially alleviate PF.
Revolutionizing trade finance: leveraging the power of blockchain and AI in electronic letters of credit
Authors: Elahi Nezhad Moein , Rashidian Shima , Botta Consiglia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article examines the innovative combination of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the field of electronic letters of credit and international trade finance. It explores how the combined effect of this convergence may greatly improve the security, effectiveness, and clarity of trade finance procedures. The article presents a suggested framework for combining various technologies, focusing on important design considerations including security, trust, interoperability, and adherence to international trade norms. The technological design blends blockchain’s decentralized ledger with AI’s analytical capabilities, highlighting the need of smart contracts, data management, and application programming interfaces for smooth interoperability. The implementation plan and stages are meticulously detailed, emphasizing the systematic approach necessary for effective integration. The article also discusses the problems and dangers related to this technology integration, such as technical obstacles, regulatory compliance, security threats, stakeholder acceptance, and cost factors. The conclusion outlines the impact of blockchain and AI on trade finance, discusses their larger implications for international commerce, and advocates for the adoption of these advanced technologies by collective action. This article seeks to provide significant insights to financial institutions, policy-makers, technologists, and stakeholders in the trade finance sector, promoting the modernization of trade finance via new technology.
XVIAmerican Literature: The Twentieth Century
Authors: Gifford James , Peppard Anna , Kidder Orion Ussner , Rudder Adam , Velásquez Antonio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter has nine sections: 1. Poetry; 2. Fiction 1900–1945; 3. Fiction since 1945; 4. Genre Fiction; 5. Drama; 6. Comics; 7. African American Writing; 8. Native Writing; 9. Latino/a, Asian American, and General Ethnic Writing. Section 1 is by James Gifford; section 2 will resume next year; section 3 will resume next year; section 4 is by James Gifford; section 5 will resume next year; section 6(a) is by Anna Peppard; section 6(b) is by Orion Ussner Kidder; section 7 is by Adam Rudder; section 8 will resume next year; section 9 is by Antonio Velásquez.
Very few titles were received for 2022 last year. This year includes more late arrivals than is typical.
Catfish spine injury to the hand with transient lymphangitis
Authors: Carhart Philip , Espinosa James , Tandra Riya , Lucerna Alan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
This case report describes a 45-year-old man whose left hand was skewered by a catfish spine while he was attempting to dehook the fish. Catfish spines can create punctures, lacerations, and foreign body injuries. The catfish spine generally is serrated, which can make removal difficult.
Benefits of dermoscopy in primary care
Authors: Middleton Hayden T. , Boswell Christopher L. , Strelow Brittany A. , Young Peter A. , Sartori-Valinotti Julio C. , Swanson David L. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, with an estimated 9,500 new diagnoses made each day. Dermoscopy (also called dermatoscopy) is an established clinical approach to improving skin cancer evaluation. However, only 8% to 9% of primary care physicians use it, and no data are available for physician associate/assistant or NP use. This article reports a dermoscopy algorithm that primary care providers can use to increase the detection of skin cancer and reduce unnecessary referrals and biopsies.
Using structured communication to improve patient handoffs and reduce medical errors
Authors: Klocko David J. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Communication errors during transfer of care from one clinician to another are a major cause of medical errors. In 2006, The Joint Commission made handoff communications a national patient safety goal. In 2014, the Association of American Medical Colleges included giving and receiving a report to transfer a patient's care as one of the 13 core entrustable professional activities required for entry into residency programs. Communication is the key to successful transfer of patient care from one clinician to another during shift change. A structured method of communication used by all clinicians in high-stakes healthcare settings can ensure all vital information about a patient is given to the receiving clinician.
Can fracture liaison services prevent second fractures in patients with osteoporosis?
Authors: McKenna Robert E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Patients who have had fractures are at increased risk for a second or fragility fracture. A fracture liaison service (FLS), often staffed or led by physician associates/assistants or NPs, may help reduce second fractures and patient mortality. This article reviews FLSs and their effectiveness.
Improving Neonatal Resuscitation Knowledge in Advanced Providers Through Simulation
Authors: Snarr Tory , Masciola Randee , Sayre Christine , Sharpe Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Advanced neonatal resuscitation events are high-risk, low-volume critical situations. Healthcare systems have placed emphasis on improving resuscitation skills for advanced providers based on evidence showing that it can directly impact patient outcomes. Neonatal resuscitation program (NRP) renewal is only required every 2 years. This gap and low usage of skills can result in lack of competency and expertise leading to an increased risk of poor patient outcomes.

Purpose:
This project aimed to provide simulation education based on NRP curriculum for a large group of advanced providers at multiple level II, III, and IV neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and to improve confidence and knowledge in advanced resuscitation.

Methods:
A high-fidelity mannequin was used to simulate a reproducible, critical scenario that spanned the entire NRP algorithm. NRP knowledge and the effectiveness of simulation on confidence and knowledge in neonatal resuscitation were measured.

Results:
The average knowledge score from the pretest to the posttest improved by 7%. Based on the simulation evaluation tool-modified (SET-M), debriefing was the most effective in improving confidence and knowledge. The neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) with the most years of clinical experience had the largest improvement in knowledge.

Implications for Practice and Research:
With the most experienced NNPs providing majority of coverage in the Level II NICUs, a correlation may be drawn that the effect of simulations on NRP knowledge has a greater impact on these groups due to the low exposure of advanced resuscitation events at these sites. Debriefing stood out as the most critical component of simulation.