bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workplace Mistreatment of Middle Class Workers Based on Sex, Parenthood, and Caregiving
Authors: Berdahl Jennifer L. , Moon Sue H. 
Published: June 2013

Research suggests that women, but not men suffer negative professional consequences if they have children. These unequal consequences can be attributed to stereotypes about women's and men's roles as caregivers and breadwinners for their families, respectively. Two field studies of workplace mistreatment among middle‐class employees examined whether fathers who violate these gender stereotypes by actively caregiving for their families suffer negative consequences at work. Study 1 (N = 232) examined not man enough harassment (being derogated as insufficiently masculine) and Study 2 (N = 451) examined general forms of mistreatment. Results showed that caregiving fathers experience more harassment and mistreatment than traditional fathers and than men without children. Women without children experience more harassment and mistreatment than mothers, and mothers who spend less time on caregiving experience more harassment and mistreatment than mothers who spend more time on caregiving. We discuss implications for theory and practice.
Short‐Term Effects of Atorvastatin in Normal Dogs and Dogs with Congestive Heart Failure Due to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Cunningham S.M. , Rush J.E. , Freeman L.M. 
Published: June 2013

Background3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) may improve heart failure class and survival in people with congestive heart failure (CHF) of various etiologies.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the tolerability of atorvastatin in healthy dogs, and the short‐term effects of atorvastatin on clinical markers of disease severity, lipid profiles, and markers of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in dogs with CHF.AnimalsEleven normal dogs and 12 client‐owned animals with CHF attributable to myxomatous mitral valve disease.MethodsProspective nonblinded observational study. Normal dogs (n = 11) were first treated with atorvastatin and re‐evaluated after 14 and 30 days for clinical tolerability and alterations in certain laboratory results. Subsequently, dogs with CHF (n = 12) were treated with atorvastatin at a dosage of 2 mg/kg q24h for 8 weeks. Echocardiography, blood pressure (BP), quality of life questionnaire, and blood sampling were performed pre and post atorvastatin administration.ResultsAtorvastatin was well tolerated and did not result in apparent adverse effects or biochemical abnormalities in healthy dogs and in dogs with CHF. Healthy dogs experienced a decrease in total cholesterol (TC) concentration (P = .03) after atorvastatin administration. Decreases in TC concentration (P = .02), non‐HDL cholesterol concentration (P = .02), total white blood cell count (P = .03), neutrophils (P = .01), and systolic BP (P = .01) were noted in the CHF group after 8 weeks of atorvastatin.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAtorvastatin was well tolerated at clinically relevant doses in healthy dogs and dogs with CHF. Further investigation into the effects of statin treatment in dogs with CHF is warranted.
The role of diagnostic imaging and liver biopsy in the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia in children
Authors: Valentino Pamela L. , Ling Simon C. , Ng Vicky L. , John Philip , Bonasoni Paola , Castro Denise A. , Taylor Glenn , Chavhan Govind B. , Kamath Binita M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsFocal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), a benign liver tumour, has a characteristic appearance on diagnostic imaging (DI) and histology. The role of liver biopsy in children for the diagnosis of FNH is unclear. This study investigates the diagnostic accuracy of DI for FNH in children without comorbidities, compared to liver biopsy.MethodsA total of 304 consecutive patients (age <18 years) with a biopsied liver mass were retrospectively ascertained (1990–2010). Individuals with a history of malignancy, liver disease or syndromes with increased malignancy risk were excluded. DI and biopsy data were reviewed.ResultsAfter excluding 205 cases, 99 liver masses were studied. Based on histology, the most common diagnosis was hepatoblastoma (46/99, 44%) followed by FNH (23/99, 23%). The mean age at FNH diagnosis was 11.1 ± 5.2 years, with female preponderance (78%), and a median follow‐up of 1.35 years (interquartile range 0.54, 4.20 years). 19/23 biopsy‐proven FNH met standard criteria for FNH on DI. In 4/23 cases of biopsy‐proven FNH, imaging did not suggest FNH. Two false positive cases included adenoma and fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. On review of original reports, DI had 82.6% sensitivity and 97.4% specificity for the diagnosis of FNH. On blind review, the sensitivity of DI for FNH diagnosis was 81.3% for MRI (13/16), and 53.3% for CT (8/15).ConclusionsIn this cohort of children with liver masses and no comorbidities, a diagnosis of FNH by imaging was highly specific, and MRI was the most sensitive study for its diagnosis. Liver biopsy may be deferred in selected children if the DI, particularly MRI, is indicative of FNH.
Clinical but not histological factors predict long‐term prognosis in patients with histologically advanced non‐decompensated alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Masson Steven , Emmerson Ingrid , Henderson Elsbeth , Fletcher Emma H. , Burt Alastair D. , Day Christopher P. , Stewart Stephen F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a significant threat to public health and a leading cause of death. Despite this, the long‐term clinical course and predictive factors of survival in histologically advanced ALD are not well described.AimsThe aim of this study was to identify clinical and histological factors that predict long‐term (15‐year) survival in outpatients with histologically advanced non‐decompensated ALD.MethodsPatients (n = 134) with biopsy‐proven histologically advanced (stage III or IV) ALD were followed up for 15 years or until death or orthotopic liver transplantation. At baseline, clinical and laboratory data were collected. On biopsy, the degree of fibrosis as well as other histological features (fat type and severity, lymphocyte and neutrophil infiltration) were scored semiquantitatively.ResultsMost patients were male (72%) with a median age 51 (46–57). Overall, the 5‐, 10‐ and 15‐year survival was 63, 36 and 24% respectively. In multivariate analysis, persistent drinking (P = 0.01), smoking (P = 0.03), age (P = 0.01) and serum albumin at baseline (P = 0.001) were associated with significantly increased risk of death. Persistent drinking was associated with the highest risk. No histological features, including whether the stage of ALD was bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis, correlated with prognosis.ConclusionIn outpatients with biopsy‐proven histologically advanced non‐decompensated ALD, clinical but not histological factors determine prognosis. Persistent alcohol intake is the strongest predictor and smoking habit, age and serum albumin are also independently prognostic. Abstinence from alcohol and smoking cessation should be the priorities in the long‐term management of ALD.
Photodynamic fungicidal efficacy of hypericin and dimethyl methylene blue against azole‐resistant Candida albicans strains
Authors: Paz‐Cristobal M. P. , Royo D. , Rezusta A. , Andrés‐Ciriano E. , Alejandre M. C. , Meis J. F. , Revillo M. J. , Aspiroz C. , Nonell S. , Gilaberte Y. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryAntimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an emerging alternative to treat infections based on the use of photosensitisers (PSs) and visible light. To investigate the fungicidal effect of PDT against azole‐resistant Candida albicans strains using two PSs with a different mechanism of action, hypericin (HYP) and 1,9‐dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB), comparing their efficacy and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) species involved in their cytotoxicity. Azole‐resistant and the azole‐susceptible C. albicans strains were used. Solutions of 0.5 and 4 McFarland inoculum of each Candida strain were treated with different concentrations of each PS, and exposed to two light‐emitting diode light fluences (18 and 37 J cm−2). Mechanistic insight was gained using several ROS quenchers. The minimal fungicidal concentration of HYP for ≥3 log10 CFU reduction (0.5 McFarland) was 0.62 μmol l−1 for most strains, whereas for DMMB it ranged between 1.25 and 2.5 μmol l−1. Increasing the fluence to 37 J cm−2 allowed to reduce the DMMB concentration. Higher concentrations of both PSs were required to reach a 6 log10 reduction (4 McFarland). H2O2 was the main phototoxic species involved in the fungicidal effect of HYP‐aPDT whereas 1O2 was more important for DMMB‐based treatments. aPDT with either HYP or DMMB is effective in killing of C. albicans strains independent of their azole resistance pattern. HYP was more efficient at low fungal concentration and DMMB at higher concentrations.
The effect of maternal flora on Candida colonisation in the neonate
Authors: Filippidi Anthoula , Galanakis Emmanouil , Maraki Sofia , Galani Irene , Drogari‐Apiranthitou Maria , Kalmanti Maria , Mantadakis Elpis , Samonis George 
Published: June 2013

SummaryColonisation may be the first step for the development of Candida infection. The source of neonatal colonisation is thought to be the hospital environment or the maternal vaginal tract. This study investigated to what extend Candida isolates in neonates are similar to isolates from their mother's vaginal tract. Vaginal samples were collected from 347 pregnant women within 48 h before delivery. Samples from oral and rectal mucosa of their neonates were collected within 24–72 h after delivery, were cultured and yeast species were identified. Antifungal susceptibility tests against six antifungal agents were performed. All paired isolates from mother and infant were genotyped by pulse field gel electrophoresis. A total of 82 mothers and of 16 infants were found colonised by Candida spp. C. albicans was the most common species in pregnant women (n = 68) followed by C. glabrata (n = 11). Only C. albicans was isolated from infants, mainly (14/16) from rectal site. All colonised neonates were born to mothers colonised by C. albicans. Candida genotyping revealed identical strains in all investigated neonate–mother pairs. All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B. Our findings strongly suggest that vertical transmission has the principal role in the neonatal colonisation by C. albicans in the very first days of life.
Normal values for esophageal high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Bogte A. , Bredenoord A. J. , Oors J. , Siersema P. D. , Smout A. J. P. M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal high‐resolution manometry (HRM) is a novel method to assess esophageal motility. Several software and hardware systems are currently available. A set of normal values for HRM parameters was established in the US, using proprietary tactile‐sensing catheter technology (Given Imaging). We wished to determine normal values for HRM performed with another type of catheter (Unisensor).MethodsFifty‐two healthy volunteers underwent supine HRM. Each subject swallowed 10 liquid water boluses. Esophageal contraction parameters were evaluated and normal values were calculated (defined as 5th and 95th percentile of values).Key ResultsThe normal range for the following parameters was calculated; distal contractile integral (mean 1319.44, with a 5–95th percentile range [185.65–3407.60]), contractile front velocity (mean 3.98, 5–95th percentile range [2.40–6.50]), Intrabolus pressure (mean 9.68, range [1.00–19.00]), contraction amplitude measured 5 cm above the esophagogastric junction (EGJ; mean 78.76, range [23.00–146.00]), contraction amplitude 15 cm above the EGJ (mean 43.66, range [3.60–96.00]), transition zone (TZ) length (mean 1.34, range [0.00–5.63]), upper esophageal sphincter (UES) pressure (mean 81.63, range [19.50–165.10]), EGJ length (mean 2.97, range [2.17–4.00]), EGJ resting pressure (mean 29.35, range [8.95–51.40]), EGJ relaxation pressure (mean 16.79, range [1.00–39.35]), IRPs4 (mean 13.42, range [2.59–28.28]), and gastric pressure (mean 5.06, range [0.00–9.46]).Conclusions & InferencesOverall, the normal values of esophageal HRM parameters obtained with the Unisensor catheter resemble those of the previously published series. Marked differences in upper limits of normal were found for parameters related to the esophageal sphincters and TZ length. Users of HRM should be aware of these differences and define pathology based on comparison to appropriate normal values.
Use of dexamethasone to minimise post‐operative sequelae after third molar surgery: comparison of five different routes of administration
Authors: Majid O.W. , Mahmood W.K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this randomised non‐blind prospective study was to compare the effect of dexamethasone sodium phosphate 4 mg in five different routes of administration on post‐operative sequelae and quality of life (QOL) measures for patients undergoing surgical removal of impacted lower third molars.Material and methodsA total of 72 patients (32 males and 40 females) were included in the study and were randomly divided into six equal study groups: five treatment groups received dexamethasone 4 mg as intramuscular injection, intravenous injection, oral tablets, submucosal injection and endoalveolar powder; and control group which received no dexamethasone. Swelling, trismus and pain were evaluated at the first, third and seventh day post‐operatively. A modified questionnaire was used to measure different aspects of QOL.ResultsAll dexamethasone groups showed statistically significant improvement in swelling and pain at all intervals (P < 0.05) and in trismus at day 1 and day 3 intervals (P < 0.05) as compared to control. QOL measures also showed significant improvement (P < 0.01). Results among treatment groups were comparable for all parameters. No relevant side effects were seen nor reported.ConclusionsLocal routes of dexamethasone administration showed comparable effect to systemic routes and were simple, safe, painless and cost‐effective therapeutic options.
Primary Cutaneous CD4+ Small to Medium‐Size Pleomorphic T‐Cell Lymphoma in a 12‐Year‐Old Girl
Authors: Volks Natalie , Oschlies Ilske , Cario Gunnar , Weichenthal Michael , Fölster‐Holst Regina 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPrimary cutaneous CD4+ small to medium‐size pleomorphic T‐cell lymphoma (PCSM‐TCL) is a rare disease that has been added as a provisional entity to the World Health Organization European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO‐EORTC) classification of lymphomas with primary cutaneous manifestations. Patients commonly present with a solitary nodule or plaque on the head or upper trunk, but are usually otherwise in good health. The prognosis is favorable, but the optimal treatment has not been defined. Recent publications have described the expression of programmed death‐1 in PCSM‐TCL and T‐cell pseudolymphoma, suggesting a diagnostic value of this marker in the differential diagnosis of PCSM‐TCL in contrast to other types of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. We present the case of a 12‐year‐old girl with a tumor of the right supraorbital area. She was treated as an outpatient four times with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide at intervals of 3 to 4 weeks. In addition to the case history, this report includes the clinical and histologic findings and a review of the current literature.
Acitretin‐Responsive Ichthyosis in Chanarin–Dorfman Syndrome with a Novel Mutation in the ABHD5/CGI‐58 Gene
Authors: Srinivasaraghavan Rangan , Krishnamurthy Sriram , Chandar Rumesh , Cassandrini Denise , Mahadevan Subramanian , Bruno Claudio , Santorelli Filippo M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractChanarin–Dorfman syndrome (CDS) is a rare nonlysosomal neutral lipid storage disorder characterized by congenital ichthyosis, lipid vacuoles in leukocytes (Jordan's anomaly), and hepatomegaly. The authors herein report an 18‐month‐old boy with ichthyosis and hepatomegaly diagnosed with CDS and confirmed to have a novel c.506–3C>G mutation in the ABHD5/CGI‐58 gene. Our case also illustrates that retinoids such as acitretin could be useful in the treatment of skin manifestations in CDS even in the presence of liver derangement.
Dementia with Lewy bodies: early diagnostic challenges
Authors: Fujishiro Hiroshige , Iseki Eizo , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kasanuki Koji , Chiba Yuhei , Ota Kazumi , Murayama Norio , Sato Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is defined pathologically as neurodegeneration associated with Lewy bodies (LB). LB‐related symptoms, including olfactory dysfunction, dysautonomia, and mood and sleep disorders, are increasingly recognized as clinical signs that enable the early detection of DLB, because these symptoms often antedate dementia by years or even decades. It remains unknown if the clinical history of LB‐related symptoms is sufficient for the prodromal state of DLB to be suspected in memory clinics. We retrospectively investigated the clinical courses, including olfactory dysfunction, dysautonomia, depression, and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, of 90 patients with probable DLB. The timing of LB‐related symptoms that preceded or followed relative to the onset of memory loss was calculated. LB‐related symptoms were present in 79 of 90 patients (87.8%) with probable DLB before or at the time of memory loss onset. These symptoms preceded the onset of memory loss between 1.2 and 9.3 years. We also report on four non‐demented patients with a clinical history of LB‐related symptoms in our memory clinic. All four patients showed reduced cardiac [123I]‐metaiodobenzylguanidine levels. Moreover, [18F]fluoro‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography scans revealed glucose hypometabolism in the occipital cortex in two patients. One patient converted to probable DLB with the development of parkinsonism 2 years after major depression was diagnosed. Based on a clinical history of LB‐related symptoms, we propose a conceptual framework to identify these symptomatic but non‐demented individuals that led us to suspect the underlying pathophysiology of Lewy body disease. Further prospective study is warranted to determine the clinical significance of LB‐related symptoms in non‐demented patients.
Care staff training in residential homes for managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia based on differential reinforcement procedures of applied behaviour analysis: a process research
Authors: Noguchi Dai , Kawano Yoshiyuki , Yamanaka Katsuo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPrevious studies of care staff training programmes for managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) based on the antecedent–behaviour–consequence analysis of applied behaviour analysis have not included definite intervention strategies. This case study examined the effects of such a programme when combined with differential reinforcement procedures. We examined two female care home residents with dementia of Alzheimer's type. One resident (C) exhibited difficulty in sitting in her seat and made frequent visits to the restroom. The other resident (D) avoided contact with others and insisted on staying in her room. These residents were cared for by 10 care staff trainees. Using an original workbook, we trained the staff regarding the antecedent–behaviour–consequence analysis with differential reinforcement procedures. On the basis of their training, the staff implemented individual care plans for these residents. This study comprised a baseline phase and an intervention phase (IN) to assess the effectiveness of this approach as a process research. One month after IN ended, data for the follow‐up phase were collected. In both residents, the overall frequency of the target behaviour of BPSD decreased, whereas the overall rate of engaging in leisure activities as an alternative behaviour increased more during IN than during the baseline phase. In addition, the overall rate of staff actions to support residents' activities increased more during IN than during the baseline phase. However, the frequency of the target behaviour of BPSD gradually increased during IN and the follow‐up phase in both residents. Simultaneously, the rate of engaging in leisure activities and the staff's treatment integrity gradually decreased for C. The training programme was effective in decreasing BPSD and increasing prosocial behaviours in these two cases. However, continuous support for the staff is essential for maintaining effects.
Changes in Mini‐Mental State Examination score in Alzheimer's disease patients after stopping habitual drinking
Authors: Toda Aiko , Tagata Yuko , Nakada Tomoko , Komatsu Miwa , Shibata Nobuto , Arai Heii 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming an increasing problem as the population ages, and the effects of lifestyle factors on cognitive decline need to be better understood. This study examined the effects of alcohol abstinence on cognitive decline in AD.MethodsCognitive function after alcohol abstinence was retrospectively reviewed in AD patients (high and low alcohol consumption groups) and then compared with an alcohol‐naïve AD group. The alcohol‐naïve AD group included 18 outpatients with no history of habitual drinking. The alcohol‐abstinence AD group included 20 outpatients who stopped drinking after their diagnoses. The latter group was classified into high and low groups depending on the amount of they drank before abstinence. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini‐Mental State Examination at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. For statistical analyses, a repeated measures, two‐factor anova and post‐hoc multiple comparisons were performed using the Bonferroni method.ResultsThere was a significant effect of time on Mini‐Mental State Examination score, but there was no difference in the baseline scores of the alcohol‐naïve and alcohol‐abstinence AD groups. The score was significantly lower at 6 and 12 months than at baseline in the alcohol‐naïve group, but no significant difference was seen in the alcohol‐abstinence group. There was a significant interaction between time and alcohol consumption subgroup on the score, with no difference in baseline score between the low and high consumption groups. The score was significantly lower only in the high consumption group at 12 months.Conclusions In AD patients with a history of habitual drinking, abstinence was effective for reducing cognitive decline during the clinical course. However, such an effect was not seen in patients who had consumed high amounts of alcohol before diagnosis of AD.
Discrepancy between subjective and objective assessments of wandering behaviours in dementia as measured by the Algase Wandering Scale and the Integrated Circuit tag monitoring system
Authors: Yayama So , Yamakawa Miyae , Suto Shunji , Greiner Chieko , Shigenobu Kazue , Makimoto Kiyoko 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimAlthough wandering is one of the major research focuses of the behavioural psychological symptoms of dementia, assessment of wandering has mostly relied on caregiver‐administered questionnaires. The purpose of this study was to compare staff‐administered Algase Wandering Scale outcomes with objective temporal and spatial movement indicators obtained from the Integrated Circuit (IC) tag monitoring system.MethodsPatients with dementia were recruited from a dementia care unit in Osaka, Japan in 2007. Primary nurses administered the Algase Wandering Scale, and the temporal and spatial movements of the subjects were monitored by the IC tag. Written informed consent was obtained from each subject's proxies.ResultsNurses' assessments of wandering were in agreement with the IC tag outcomes only during the day shift. Spatial movements assessed by the staff did not reflect those measured by the IC tag.ConclusionThis objective measurement of wandering showed the limitations in the assessment of spatial and temporal movement by the staff.