bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiari malformation I and autism spectrum disorder: an underrecognized coexistence
Authors: Jayarao Mayur , Sohl Kristin , Tanaka Tomoko 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
Patients with symptomatic Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) frequently present with headaches, neck pain, difficulty swallowing, and balance disturbances. In children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), diagnosing CM-I can be a challenging task. Moreover, even if symptomatic, some patients do not undergo further evaluation or management, as their presentations are attributed to autism and its myriad symptoms. Therefore, cranial MRI findings were reviewed after evaluating and treating patients with coexisting ASD and CM-I. In this paper, the authors report on 5 children with ASD and symptomatic CM-I, including their clinical presentation, imaging studies, management, and outcomes, and discuss the likely underrecognized coexistence of these conditions.

METHODS
All pediatric patients with ASD and cranial MRI conducted for any reason in the period from 1999 to 2013 were considered for analysis. All cases with concomitant symptomatic CM-I were eligible for this retrospective analysis.

RESULTS
One hundred twenty-five pediatric patients diagnosed with ASD had undergone MRI, and 9 of them had evidence of cerebellar tonsillar herniation. Five patients were symptomatic and underwent suboccipital craniectomy, a C-1 or a C-1 and C-2 laminectomy, and duraplasty with bovine pericardium or Type I collagen allograft. There were no intraoperative complications. All patients showed symptom improvement and/or resolution of presenting symptoms, which included headache, dysphasia, speech, and irritability.

CONCLUSIONS
There is no identified cause of autism. Children with ASD can be difficult to assess specifically in a neurological examination. Thus, cranial MRI considered when completing a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation. While cranial MRI is not a routine part of ASD evaluation, this study demonstrates that CM-I and ASD may coexist and be underrecognized. The study reinforces the importance of a comprehensive medical evaluation designed to elucidate neurological findings in children with impaired communication abilities and suggests the judicious use of neuroimaging.
Triceps motor branch transfer for isolated traumatic pediatric axillary nerve injuries
Authors: Chim Harvey , Kircher Michelle F. , Spinner Robert J. , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
Transfer of the triceps motor branch has been used for treatment of isolated axillary nerve palsy in the adult population. However, there are no published data on the effectiveness of this procedure in the pediatric population with traumatic injuries. The authors reviewed demographics and outcomes in their series of pediatric patients who underwent this procedure.

METHODS
Six patients ranging in age from 10 to 17 years underwent triceps motor branch transfer for the treatment of isolated axillary nerve injuries between 4 and 8 months after the inciting injury. Deltoid muscle strength was evaluated using the modified British Medical Research Council (MRC) grading system. Shoulder abduction at last follow-up was measured.

RESULTS
The mean duration of follow-up was 38 months. The average postoperative MRC grading of deltoid muscle strength was 3.6 ± 1.3. The median MRC grade was 4. One patient who did not achieve an MRC grade of 3 suffered multiple injuries from high-velocity trauma. Unlike in the adult population, age, body mass index of the patient, and delay from injury to surgery were not significant factors affecting the outcome of the procedure.

CONCLUSIONS
In the pediatric population with traumatic injuries, isolated axillary nerve injury treated with triceps motor branch transfer can result in good outcomes.
Extraction of Response Waveforms of Heartbeat and Blood Pressure to Swallowing
Authors: Ogawa Y. , Kotani K. , Jimbo Y. , Numata T. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryBackground: Evaluating the accurate responses of the cardiovascular system to external stimuli is important for a deeper understanding of cardiovascular homeostasis. However, the responses should be distorted by the conventional time domain analysis when a frequency of the effect of external stimuli matches that of intrinsic fluctuations.Objectives: The purpose of this study is to propose a mixed signal processing of time domain and respiratory phase domain to extract the response waveforms of heartbeat and blood pressure (BP) to external stimuli and to clarify the physiological mechanisms of swallowing effects on the cardiovascular system.Methods: Measurements were conducted on 12 healthy humans in the sitting and standing positions, with each subject requested to swallow every 30 s between expiration and inspiration. Waveforms of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and respiratory-related BP variations were extracted as functions of the respiratory phase. Then, respiratory effects were subtracted from response waveforms with reference to the respiratory phase in the time domain.Results: As a result, swallowing induced tachycardia, which peaked within 3 s and recovered within 8 s. Tachycardia was greater in the sitting position than during standing. Furthermore, systolic BP and pulse pressure immediately decreased and diastolic BP increased coincident with the occurrence of tachycardia. Subsequently, systolic BP and pulse pressure recovered faster than the R-R interval.Conclusions: We conclude that swallowing-induced tachycardia arises largely from the decrease of vagal activity and the baroreflex would yield fast oscillatory responses in recovery.
Ex vivo kinematic studies of a canine unlinked semi-constrained hybrid total elbow arthroplasty system
Authors: Lorenz N. D. , Channon S. , Pettitt R. , Smirthwaite P. , Innes J. F. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryObjectives: Introduction of the Sirius® canine total elbow arthroplasty system, and presentation of the results of a passive range-of-motion analysis based on ex vivo kinematic studies pre-and post-implantation.Materials and methods: Thoracic limbs (n = 4) of medium sized dogs were harvested by forequarter amputation. Plain orthogonal radiographs of each limb were obtained preand post-implantation. Limbs were prepared by placement of external fixator pins and Kirschner wires into the humerus and radius. Each limb was secured into a custom-made box frame and retro-reflective markers were placed on the exposed ends of the pins and wires. Each elbow was manually moved through five ranges-of-motion manoeuvres. Data collected included six trials of i) full extension to full flexion and ii) pronation and supination in 90° flexion; a three-dimensional motion capture system was used to collect and analyse the data. The Sirius elbow prosthesis was subsequently implanted and the same measurements were repeated. Data sets were tested for normality. Paired t-tests were used for comparison of pre- and post-implantation motion parameters.Results: Kinematic analysis showed that the range-of-motion (mean and SD) for flexion and extension pre-implantation was 115° ± 6 (range: 25° to 140°). The range-of-motion in the sagittal plane post-implantation was 90° ± 4 (range: 36° to 130°) and this reduction was significant (p = 0.0001). The ranges-of-motion (mean and SD) for supination and pronation at 90° were 50° ± 5, whereas the corresponding mean ranges-of-motion post-implantation were 38° ± 6 (p = 0.0188).Conclusion: Compared to a normal elbow, the range-of-motion was reduced. Post- implantation, supination and pronation range-of-motion was significantly reduced at 90° over pre-implantation values.Clinical relevance: These results provide valuable information regarding the effect of the Sirius system on ex vivo kinematics of the normal canine elbow joint. Further, this particular ex vivo model allowed for satisfactory and repeatable kinematic analysis.
Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism: A review
Authors: McLean Joanne L. , Lobetti Remo G. , Schoeman Johan P. 
Published: November 2014

Since first reported in the late 1970s, there has been a steady but dramatic increase in the worldwide prevalence of hyperthyroidism in cats. It is now regarded as the most common feline endocrine disorder, with diabetes mellitus coming a close second. Not only is there evidence for an increased worldwide prevalence of feline hyperthyroidism, but also for geographical variation in the prevalence of the disease. Despite its frequency, the underlying cause(s) of this common disease is or are not known, and therefore prevention of the disease is not possible. Due to the multiple risk factors that have been described for feline hyperthyroidism, however, it is likely that more than one factor is involved in its pathogenesis. Continuous, lifelong exposure to environmental thyroid-disruptor chemicals or goitrogens in food or water, acting together or in an additive fashion, may lead to euthyroid goitre and ultimately to autonomous adenomatous hyperplasia, thyroid adenoma and hyperthyroidism. This review aims to summarise the available published evidence for the changes observed in the worldwide prevalence of the disease, as well as risk factors that may contribute to development of hyperthyroidism in susceptible cats.
Comparative Study of Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration and Glucose Challenge Test for Screening Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sham Sujaya , Bhat B Poornima R , Kamath Aruna 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Background
To compare the sensitivity and specificity of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) with that of standard glucose challenge test (GCT).

Materials and methods
Eighty-nine eligible pregnant women underwent GCT between 24th and 28th gestational week, followed by a diagnostic 3 hours 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test within 1 week. Out patient clinic in Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangalore. Data was analyzed for significance by chi-square test.

Results
Fasting plasma glucose concentration at a threshold value of 90 mg/dl and GCT at recommended standard threshold of 140 mg/dl yielded sensitivities of 66.7% and 100% respectively and specificities of 87.3% and 46.5% respectively. Reducing the threshold value of FPG to 80 mg/dl increased the sensitivity of test to 91.7% with specificity of 54.9% which was comparable to standard GCT, in our study.

Conclusion
Measuring FPG concentration using a cut-off of. 80 mg/dl is an easier, tolerable and more cost effective procedure than GCT for detecting more severe cases of GDM, i.e. the diabetes mellitus group. In resource poor settings with population belonging to average risk or high risk category, FPG at a cut-off of 90 mg/dl can be used to screen GDM.

How to cite this article
Sham S, Bhat BPR, Kamath A. Comparative Study of Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration and Glucose Challenge Test for Screening Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):75-78.
H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection in Pregnancy: A Study of 32 Cases
Authors: Prabhu Thangappah Radha Bai 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Reports from the past pandemics (1918-1919) and the 2009 outbreak have shown that pregnant mothers are at risk of complications from the H1N1 influenza virus infection. This study was undertaken to analyze the clinical course of H1N1 infection in pregnancy, the maternal and perinatal outcome and the treatment efficacy of oseltamivir in H1N1 infected mothers. This is a descriptive study from the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the case series were collected from September 2009 to December 2010. Influenza like illness (ILI) was suspected in 207 pregnant women, and the 32 cases who were positive for H1N1 influenza infection by RT PCR test were taken for this study. 90.6% were in the age group between 21 and 29 years of age and 34.4% were multigravid women. The most common presenting symptoms were fever and cough. Co-morbid conditions such as gestational hypertension, bronchial asthma and others were seen in 9 cases. In 53% of cases treatment was initiated with oseltamivir within 48 hours of onset of symptoms. All the patients recovered completely at the end of 5 days of treatment. There were no maternal or perinatal deaths.

How to cite this article
Prabhu TRB. H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection in Pregnancy: A Study of 32 Cases. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):93-97.
A Comparative Study of Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy and Non-descended Vaginal Hysterectomy
Authors: Reena De , Goswami Sebanti 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The present study was done to compare nondescended vaginal hysterectomy (NDVH) and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) with reference to indications, operative complications and outcome.

Materials and methods
This prospective longitudinal comparative study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, from November 2010 to October 2011. Judging the inclusion and exclusion criteria a sample size of 36 patients for NDVH and 31 patients for LAVH were selected randomly. The outcome of each surgical procedure was analyzed by standard statistical methods. Appropriate test of significance was applied (t-test) with p < 0.05 as level of significance.

Results
The mean duration of NDVH was 65 minutes and that of LAVH was 93.87 minutes. The difference was highly significant as p value was 0.000. The mean pain score analyzed by visual analog scale (VAS) in NDVH was 2.334 and 2.581. This was not statistically significant (p = 0.636). There was no significant difference in hospital stay in either group.

Conclusion
Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy has the advantage of visualization of the pelvic structure from above and occasional dissection and adhesiolysis. But NDVH supersedes in its approach through the naturally created route, being faster, less expensive and results in a similar hospital stay and convalescence.

How to cite this article
Reena D, Goswami S. A Comparative Study of Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy and Non-descended Vaginal Hysterectomy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):101-103.
Iatrogenic Mitral Valve Perforation following CABG and Aortic Valve Replacement: A Rare Complication detected by Post-bypass Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Mathew Sarin , Raj Ravi 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Iatrogenic mitral valve perforation following aortic valve replacement is a rare complication. We present a case of anterior mitral leaflet perforation following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and aortic valve replacement detected by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). A 57-year-old male patient with preoperative diagnosis of coronary artery disease, sclerodegenerative aortic valve with severe aortic stenosis and mild central mitral regurgitation (MR) underwent CABG and aortic valve replacement. A post bypass TEE in midesophageal long axis view showed an additional MR jet across the body of the anterior mitral leaflet. We present intraoperative TEE images with a discussion on role of TEE in detection of mitral valve perforation and surgical decision making.

Abbreviations
AVR: Aortic valve replacement C ABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting 2D: Two-dimensional MR: Mitral regurgitation TEE: Transesophageal echocardiography TTE: Transthoracic echocardiography

How to cite this article
Raj R, Mathew S, Puri GD. Iatrogenic Mitral Valve Perforation following CABG and Aortic Valve Replacement: A Rare Complication detected by Post-bypass Transesophageal Echocardiography. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2014;2(2):75-76.
Large‐scale mechanical buckle fold development and the initiation of tensile fractures
Authors: Eckert Andreas , Connolly Peter , Liu Xiaolong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTensile failure associated with buckle folding is commonly associated to the distribution of outer arc extension but has also been observed on fold limbs. This study investigates whether tensile stresses and associated failure can be explained by the process of buckling under realistic in situ stress conditions. A 2‐D plane strain finite element modeling approach is used to study single‐layer buckle folds with a Maxwell viscoelastic rheology. A variety of material parameters are considered and their influence on the initiation of tensile stresses during the various stages of deformation is analyzed. It is concluded that the buckling process determines the strain distribution within the fold layer but is not solely responsible for the initiation of tensile stresses. The modeling results show that tensile stresses are most dependent on the permeability, viscosity, and overburden thickness. Low permeability (<10−19 m2), high viscosity (≥1021 Pa s), and low overburden pressure can explain tensile failure at the fold hinge. Tensile stresses in the limb of the fold cannot (in general) be explained by buckling. Rather, it develops due to a combination of compression and erosional unloading. The modeling results show that erosion of high permeability rocks can explain the generation of tensile stresses at significant depths (∼2 km) both at the hinge of the fold and throughout the limb of the fold. This study shows that tensile stresses and associated failure within buckle folds is directly dependent on the distribution of material parameters but moreover to the strain history of the geologic system.
Dynamic and thermal responses of the Kuroshio to typhoon Megi (2004)
Authors: Wei Jun , Liu Xin , Wang Dong‐Xiao 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRelatively weak hurricane‐induced cooling (<1°C) is often observed in the Loop Current, while observed sea surface temperature (SST) cooling is much stronger in the Kuroshio. This was previously attributed to strong advection effects by the Loop Current. Based on a budget analysis, this study quantitatively diagnoses the dynamic and thermal responses of the Kuroshio to typhoon Megi and four additional tropical cyclones (TCs), which produce up to ~3°C SST cooling within the Kuroshio itself. The results show that the surface thermal response of the Kuroshio is a wind‐induced temperature cooling primarily due to vertical mixing (up to 96%). The dynamic response of the Kuroshio depends not only on TC conditions (intensity and wind direction) but also on prestorm ocean conditions (e.g., ocean mixed layer depth, baroclinicity, and current velocity). Differently from the open ocean where the ocean gains kinetic energy mainly from wind stress work, the Kuroshio can obtain greater kinetic energy from its baroclinic pressure work, especially in the upper ocean. The strong SST cooling observed in the Kuroshio region is therefore likely associated with the kinetic energy extracted from the Kuroshio baroclinic potential energy, which greatly enhances local vertical mixing.
Visual System
Authors: Van Hooser Stephen D , Nelson Sacha B 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Humans and many other animals obtain much of their information about the world through their eyes. Patterns of light are transformed into nerve impulses in the retina and visual information is processed by nerve cells in the primary visual cortex. In the human brain, about one‐half of the cerebral cortex is dedicated in some way to the processing of visual information.

Key Concepts:

Humans and many other animals obtain much of their information about the world through their eyes.

In the human brain, about one half of the cerebral cortex is dedicated in some way to the processing of visual information.

Patterns of light are transformed into nerve impulses in the retina.

Visual information is processed by nerve cells in the primary visual cortex.

The human visual cortex exhibits functional organisation.
Virus Diseases of Grapevine
Authors: Martelli Giovanni P 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThere are 25 recognised virus and virus‐like diseases of grapevines (VitisandMuscadiniaspp.). Many have a clear‐cut detrimental effect on the vines, that is stunting, reduced vigour, malformation of the leaves and twigs, foliar discolourations ranging from reddening to chlorotic or bright yellow mottling, ringspots and line patterns. The productive life of the vineyards can be shortened and the quantity and quality of the crop badly affected. Prevailing disease agents are viruses transmitted by nematodes (nepoviruses andStrawberry latent ringspot virus), pseudococcid mealybugs and soft‐scale insects (closteroviruses and vitiviruses). Infected propagation materials (scions and rootstocks) are the major way for long‐distance dissemination of diseases, several of which have now a worldwide distribution and have entered areas where the grapevine industry is expanding. Control is based on preventive measures such as sanitary selection, sanitation and induction of resistance through conventional breeding or, to come in the future, genetic engineering.Key Concepts:Virus and virus‐like diseases are a major threat to the world's grapevine industry.The world of grapevine‐infecting viruses is the most variegated among woody crops.Prevailing viruses are soil‐borne and mealybug‐transmitted.Spreading of diseases and their agents is mediated by infected propagative material and vectors.Nursery productions have played, and still do, a major role in disease dissemination.Disease control relies on preventive measures aimed at reducing vector populations and sources of inoculum.Sanitary selection and sanitation are most efficient means for producing certified stocks.
Genetic and Physical Map Correlation
Authors: O'Rourke Jamie A 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGenetic and physical maps illustrate the arrangement of genes and DNA markers on a chromosome. The relative distances between positions on a genetic map are calculated using recombination frequencies, whereas a physical map is based on the actual number of nucleotide pairs between loci. These maps are a key resource for understanding genome organisation. They are the basis for map‐based cloning and marker‐assisted selection, serving as a bridge between breeding and sequencing research. A comparison of marker position and order may provide interesting insight into the evolutionary history of even distantly related species. Physical and genetic maps can unravel the complexities of large duplicated genomes intractable to sequencing efforts; whereas in species more amenable to genetic studies high‐resolution maps provide the scaffold on which whole genome sequences are assembled. A complete genome sequence is a physical map at its highest resolution.Key Concepts:Genetic maps are based on the recombination frequency between molecular markers. These maps are population specific.Physical maps are an alignment of DNA sequences, with distance between markers measured in base pairs.Unique DNA sequences called molecular markers are compared to each other to determine correct marker order (genetic map) and used to identify overlapping segments of larger DNA pieces (physical map).Genetic mapping is based on recombination, the exchange of DNA sequence between sister chromatids during meiosis.High‐resolution genetic and physical maps serve as the scaffold for genome sequence assembly.Tightly correlated marker order between species can identify conserved syntenic regions.