bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights for contemporary hunting from ancient hellenic culture
Authors: Sokos Christos K. , Peterson M. Nils , Birtsas Periklis K. , Hasanagas Nikolas D. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTUrbanization and other threats to hunting culture have inspired growth in research that addresses the role of hunting in western society today. This literature addresses the juxtaposition of non‐subsistence hunting and modern western models of wildlife management associated with either the public trust doctrine or market economics. Insights for understanding this juxtaposition can be drawn from the historical efforts to frame hunting as a symbolic, versus subsistence, activity in ancient Hellenic (Greek) culture. For the ancient Hellenes, hunting offered the opportunity to acquire edification, test skills, and to enjoy a feeling of freedom, and did so for all citizens, even for women. Edification meant more than knowledge about hunting to the ancient Hellenes. It referred to respect for the purity of nature and a hunting ethic, and strict adherence to hunting norms. Testing skills dictated fair chase, where tools and techniques used should not eliminate the need for physical and mental dexterity. Feeling of freedom meant that hunters became useful for themselves and for society through skills acquired by hunting; a modern society might define this as self‐sufficiency or independence, which contributes to a greater societal good. These symbolic dimensions of hunting developed in ancient Hellas could provide guidelines for the social identity that hunters hope to develop in our modern world by improving hunting education, promotion, and management. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Methylated Azoles, 2‐Tetrazenes, and Hydrazines
Authors: Miró Sabaté Carles , Delalu Henri 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis report is a summary of our work on energetic materials. Herein, triazole‐, tetrazole‐, 2‐tetrazene‐ and hydrazine‐based energetic compounds are described. An overview of the synthetic methods and of the problematic around the quest of new explosives is given. Hydrogen‐bonding formation and alkylation (methylation) reactions were studied as a mean to decrease the sensitivities towards classical stimuli and increase their thermal and chemical stability. 15N NMR spectroscopy is a valuable tool for the assignment of the methylation site in keeping with the results of the crystal structure analysis. Lastly, the thermal/chemical stability, sensitivity data and energetic performance of the compounds is described.
Enhancement of ascomycin production in Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. ascomyceticus by combining resin HP20 addition and metabolic profiling analysis
Authors: Qi Haishan , Zhao Sumin , Fu Hong , Wen Jianping , Jia Xiaoqiang 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Combinatorial approach of adsorbent resin HP20 addition and metabolic profiling analysis were carried out to enhance ascomycin production. Under the optimal condition of 5 % m/v HP20 added at 24 h, ascomycin production was increased to 380 from 300 mg/L. To further rationally guide the improvement of ascomycin production, metabolic profiling analysis was employed to investigate the intracellular metabolite changes of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. ascomyceticus FS35 in response to HP20 addition. A correlation between the metabolic profiles and ascomycin accumulation was revealed by partial least-squares to latent structures discriminant analysis, and 11 key metabolites that most contributed to metabolism differences and ascomycin biosynthesis were identified. Based on the analysis of metabolite changes together with their pathways, the potential key factors associated with ascomycin overproduction were determined. Finally, rationally designed fermentation strategies based on HP20 addition were performed as follows: 2 % v/v n-hexadecane was added at 24 h; 1.0 g/L valine was supplemented at 48 h; 1.0 g/L lysine was added at 72 h. The ascomycin production was ultimately improved to 460 mg/L, a 53.3 % enhancement compared with that obtained in initial condition. These results demonstrated that the combination of HP20 addition and metabolic profiling analysis could be successfully applied to the rational guidance of production improvement of ascomycin, as well as other clinically important compounds.
Perioperative Leadership: Managing Change With Insights, Priorities, and Tools
Authors: Taylor David L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe personal leadership of the perioperative director is a critical factor in the success of any change management initiative. This article presents an approach to perioperative nursing leadership that addresses obstacles that prevent surgical departments from achieving high performance in clinical and financial outcomes. This leadership approach consists of specific insights, priorities, and tools: key insights include self‐understanding of personal barriers to leadership and accuracy at understanding economic and strategic considerations related to the OR environment; key priorities include creating a customer‐centered organization, focusing on process improvement, and concentrating on culture change; and key tools include using techniques (eg, direct engagement, collaborative leadership) to align surgical organizations with leadership priorities and mitigate specific perioperative management risks. Included in this article is a leadership development plan for perioperative directors.
Using Improvement Science Methods to Increase Accuracy of Surgical Consents
Authors: Mercurio Patti , Shaffer Ellis Andrea , Schoettker Pamela J. , Stone Raymond , Lenk Mary Anne , Ryckman Frederick C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe surgical consent serves as a key link in preventing breakdowns in communication that could lead to wrong‐patient, wrong‐site, or wrong‐procedure events. We conducted a quality improvement initiative at a large, urban pediatric academic medical center to reliably increase the percentage of informed consents for surgical and medical procedures with accurate safety data information at the first point of perioperative contact. Improvement activities focused on awareness, education, standardization, real‐time feedback and failure identification, and transparency. A total of 54,082 consent forms from 13 surgical divisions were reviewed between May 18, 2011, and November 30, 2012. Between May 2011 and June 2012, the percentage of consents without safety errors increased from a median of 95.4% to 99.7%. Since July 2012, the median has decreased slightly but has remained stable at 99.4%. Our results suggest that effective safety checks allow discovery and prevention of errors.
Fatty liver‐induced changes in stereotypic behavior in rats and effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analog on stereotypy
Authors: Erbaş Oytun , Akseki Hüseyin Serdar , Solmaz Volkan , Aktuğ Hüseyin , Taşkıran Dilek 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlthough understanding the relation between psychotic behavior and immune abnormalities has been the focus of research for many years, it remains to be elucidated whether the changes in cytokine levels are part of etiology or a result of the stress associated with the disorder. In accordance with previous studies on changes in cytokine levels due to metabolic changes and psychosis, we hypothesized that fatty liver may potentiate apomorphine‐induced stereotypy in a rodent model and that a synthetic glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analog exenatide would ameliorate this effect. In this study, 18 male Sprague Dawley albino mature rats were used. We induced hepatosteatosis in these rats by feeding them with 30% fructose dissolved in drinking water for 8 weeks. The animals were divided into three groups, namely, the normal group, the intracerebroventricular (ICV) exenatide group, and the ICV NaCl group. Apomorphine‐induced stereotypic behavior test was performed in all groups and the liver was removed for histopathological examination after all the rats were euthanized. In the nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) group, stereotypy scores were significantly increased compared with the control group rats (p < 0.00001). A significant decrease in stereotypy scores were observed in the ICV exenatide group with NAFL when compared with the ICV saline group with NAFL (p < 0.005). In addition, brain malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels decreased in the ICV exenatide group. The results of this study showed that fatty liver enhances the effect of apomorphine on stereotypy, which was reversed by exenatide possibly by antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects.
Response of a stratified boundary layer on a tilted wall to surface undulations
Authors: Passaggia Pierre-Yves , Meunier Patrice , Le Dizès Stéphane 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe structure of a stratified boundary layer over a tilted bottom with a small streamwise undulation is studied theoretically and numerically. We show that the tilt of the boundary can induce strong density variations and wall-transverse velocities in the critical layer when the frequency of the forcing by the topography $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}kU(z_c)$ is equal to the transverse Brunt–Väisälä frequency $N \sin \alpha $ ($N$ being the vertical Brunt–Väisälä frequency). The viscous solution in the critical layer, obtained and compared with direct numerical simulation results, is in good agreement for both the scaling and the spatial structure. The amplitude of the transverse velocity response is also shown to exhibit quasi-resonance peaks when the stratification strength is varied.
Comoving frames and symmetry-related motions in parallel shear flows
Authors: Kreilos Tobias , Zammert Stefan , Eckhardt Bruno 
Published: June 2014

AbstractParallel shear flows have continuous symmetries of translation in the downstream and spanwise directions. As a consequence, flow states that differ in their spanwise or downstream location but are otherwise identical are dynamically equivalent. In the case of travelling waves, this trivial degree of freedom can be removed by going to a frame of reference that moves with the state, thereby turning the travelling wave in the laboratory frame into a fixed point in the comoving frame of reference. We here discuss a general approach, the method of comoving frames, by which the symmetry related motions can also be removed for more complicated and dynamically active states and demonstrate its application for several examples. For flow states in the asymptotic suction boundary layer (ASBL) we show that in the case of the long-period oscillatory edge state we can find local phase speeds which remove the fast oscillations and reveal the slow vortex dynamics underlying the burst phenomenon. For spanwise translating states we show that the method removes the drift but not the dynamical events that cause the big spanwise displacement. For a turbulent case we apply the method to the spanwise shifts and find slow components that are correlated over very long times. Calculations for plane Poiseuille flow show that the long correlations in the transverse motions are not specific to the ASBL.
AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF SATURATED MODELS OF PEANO ARITHMETIC
Authors: NURKHAIDAROV ERMEK S. , SCHMERL JAMES H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLetκbe the cardinality of some saturated model of Peano Arithmetic. There is a set of${2^{{\aleph _0}}}$saturated models of PA, each having cardinalityκ, such that wheneverMandNare two distinct models from this set, then Aut(${\cal M}$) ≇ Aut ($${\cal N}$$).
CHARACTERIZING LOWNESS FOR DEMUTH RANDOMNESS
Authors: BIENVENU LAURENT , DOWNEY ROD , GREENBERG NOAM , NIES ANDRÉ , TURETSKY DAN 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe show the existence of noncomputable oracles which are low for Demuth randomness, answering a question in [15] (also Problem 5.5.19 in [34]). We fully characterize lowness for Demuth randomness using an appropriate notion of traceability. Central to this characterization is a partial relativization of Demuth randomness, which may be more natural than the fully relativized version. We also show that an oracle is low for weak Demuth randomness if and only if it is computable.
THE FREE PSEUDOSPACE IS N-AMPLE, BUT NOT (N + 1)-AMPLE
Authors: TENT KATRIN 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe give a uniform construction of free pseudospaces of dimension n extending work in [1]. This yields examples of ω-stable theories which are n-ample, but not n + 1-ample. The prime models of these theories are buildings associated to certain right-angled Coxeter groups.
Unemotional traits predict early processing deficit for fearful expressions in young violent offenders: an investigation using continuous flash suppression
Authors: Jusyte A. , Mayer S. V. , Künzel E. , Hautzinger M. , Schönenberg M. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundResearch evidence suggests that cognitive and neural mechanisms involved in social information processing may underlie the key aspects associated with the emergence of aggression and psychopathy. Despite extensive research in this field, it is unclear whether this deficit relates to general attentional problems or affects early stages of information processing. Therefore, the aim was to explore the link between aggression, psychopathic traits, and the early processing deficits in young antisocial violent offenders (YAVOs) and healthy controls (CTLs).MethodParticipants were presented with rapidly changing Mondrian-like images in one eye, while a neutral or emotional (happy, angry, fearful, disgusted, surprised, sad) face was slowly introduced to the other eye. Participants indicated the location in which the face had appeared on the screen, reflecting the time when they became aware of the stimulus. The relative processing advantage was obtained by subtracting mean reaction times for emotional from neutral faces.ResultsThe results indicated that individuals with higher levels of unemotional traits tended to exhibit an extensive early processing disadvantage for fearful facial expressions; this relationship was only evident in the YAVO as opposed to the CTL sample.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that an emotion processing deficit in antisocial individuals is present even at the most basic levels of processing and closely related to certain psychopathic traits. Furthermore, this early processing deficit appears to be highly specific to fearful expressions, which is consistent with predictions made by influential models of psychopathy. The clinical significance and potential implications of the results are discussed.
Defining pathogenic verocytotoxin-producingEscherichia coli(VTEC) from cases of human infection in the European Union, 2007–2010
Authors: MESSENS W. , BOLTON D. , FRANKEL G. , LIEBANA E. , McLAUCHLIN J. , MORABITO S. , OSWALD E. , THRELFALL E. J. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYDuring 2007–2010, 13 545 confirmed human verocytotoxin (VT)-producingEscherichia coli(VTEC) infections were reported in the European Union, including 777 haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) cases. Clinical manifestations were reported for 53% of cases, 64% of which presented with diarrhoea alone and 10% with HUS. Isolates from 85% of cases were not fully serotyped and could not be classified on the basis of the Karmali seropathotype concept. There is no single or combination of phenotypic or genetic marker(s) that fully define ‘pathogenic’ VTEC. Isolates which contain thevtx2(verocytotoxin 2) gene in combination with theeae(intimin-encoding) gene oraaiC(secreted protein of enteroaggregativeE. coli) andaggR(plasmid-encoded regulator) genes have been associated with a higher risk of more severe illness. A molecular approach targeting genes encoding VT and other virulence determinants is thus proposed to allow an assessment of the potential severity of disease that may be associated with a given VTEC isolate.
Physical activity and capacity at initiation of antiretroviral treatment in HIV patients in Ethiopia
Authors: OLSEN M. F. , KÆSTEL P. , TESFAYE M. , ABDISSA A. , YILMA D. , GIRMA T. , MØLGAARD C. , FAURHOLT-JEPSEN D. , CHRISTENSEN D. L. , BRAGE S. , ANDERSEN Å. B. , FRIIS H. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYWe described levels of habitual physical activity and physical capacity in HIV patients initiating antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia and assessed the role of HIV and nutritional indicators on these outcomes. Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and activity levels were measured with combined heart rate and movement sensors. Physical capacity was assessed by grip strength, sleeping heart rate and heart rate economy. Grip strength data was also available from a sex- and age-matched HIV-negative reference group. Median PAEE was 27·9 (interquartile range 17·4–39·8) kJ/kg per day and mean±s.d.grip strength was 23·6 ± 6·7 kg. Advanced HIV disease predicted reduced levels of both physical activity and capacity; e.g. each unit viral load [log(1+copies/ml)] was associated with –15% PAEE (P < 0·001) and –1·0 kg grip strength (P < 0·001). Grip strength was 4·2 kg lower in patients compared to HIV-negative individuals (P < 0·001). Low body mass index (BMI) predicted poor physical activity and capacity independently of HIV status, e.g. BMI <16 was associated with −42% PAEE (P < 0·001) and −6·8 kg grip strength (P < 0·001) compared to BMI ⩾18·5. The study shows that advanced HIV and malnutrition are associated with considerably lower levels of physical activity and capacity in patients at initiation of antiretroviral treatment.
Novel use of faecal sterols to assess human faecal contamination in Antarctica: a likelihood assessment matrix for environmental monitoring
Authors: Leeming Rhys , Stark Jonathan S. , Smith James J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWastewater containing human sewage is often discharged with little or no treatment into the Antarctic marine environment. Faecal sterols (primarily coprostanol) in sediments have been used for assessment of human sewage contamination in this environment, butin situproduction and indigenous faunal inputs can confound such determinations. Using gas chromatography with mass spectral detection profiles of both C27and C29sterols, potential sources of faecal sterols were examined in nearshore marine sediments, encompassing sites proximal and distal to the wastewater outfall at Davis Station. Faeces from indigenous seals and penguins were also examined. Faeces from several indigenous species contained significant quantities of coprostanol but not 24-ethylcoprostanol, which is present in human faeces.In situcoprostanol and 24-ethylcoprostanol production was identified by co-production of their respectiveepi-isomers at sites remote from the wastewater source and in high total organic matter sediments. A C29sterols-based polyphasic likelihood assessment matrix for human sewage contamination is presented, which distinguishes human from local fauna faecal inputs andin situproduction in the Antarctic environment. Sewage contamination was detected up to 1.5 km from Davis Station.
Effects of heat shock during the early stage of oocyte maturation on the meiotic progression, subsequent embryonic development and gene expression in ovine
Authors: Gharibzadeh Z. , Riasi A. , Ostadhosseini S. , Hosseini S.M. , Hajian M. , Nasr-Esfahani M.H. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryHeat shock may affect different aspects of oocyte maturation and its subsequent development to the blastocyst stage. A series of in vitro experiments was performed to determine whether physiologically heat shock (41°C) disrupts the progression of the ovine oocytes through meiosis, activation and blastocyst formation. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from 2–6-mm follicles and cultured at 38.5°C (control) or 41°C (heat shock) for the first 12 h of maturation. The oocytes were incubated at 38.5°C during the last 10 h of maturation and 8 days after activation. Results showed that most of the oocytes matured under heat-shock conditions remained at the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) stage and they showed an aberrant chromatin configuration. After heat shock, oocyte diameter and time spent for zona pellucida dissolution increased (P < 0.05). The heat-shocked group had a higher percentage of oocytes with incomplete migration of cortical granules (P < 0.05). The heat-shock condition decreased (P < 0.05) cleavage rates (56.19 versus 89.28%) and morula formation (26.85 versus 37.81%). However, there was no significant difference in blastocyst formation and percentage of hatched blastocysts. At 12 h, heat shock had an adverse effect on embryo quality and reduced inner cell mass number (P < 0.05). Quantitative gene expression analysis showed greater transcripts (P < 0.05) for Na/K-ATPase mRNA in heat-shocked oocytes. To sum up, heat shock has disruptive effects on ovine oocyte maturation and can impair cellular and molecular factors that are important for embryo development.
Volume Shrinkage of Bone, Brain and Muscle Tissue in Sample Preparation for Micro-CT and Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM)
Authors: Buytaert Jan , Goyens Jana , De Greef Daniel , Aerts Peter , Dirckx Joris 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTwo methods are especially suited for tomographic imaging with histological detail of macroscopic samples that consist of multiple tissue types (bone, muscle, nerve or fat): Light sheet (based) fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Micro-CT requires staining with heavy chemical elements (and thus fixation and sometimes dehydration) in order to make soft tissue imageable when measured alongside denser structures. LSMF requires fixation, decalcification, dehydration, clearing and staining with a fluorescent dye. The specimen preparation of both imaging methods is prone to shrinkage, which is often not mentioned, let alone quantified. In this paper the presence and degree of shrinkage are quantitatively identified for the selected preparation methods/stains. LSFM delivers a volume shrinkage of 17% for bone, 56% for muscle and 62% for brain tissue. The three most popular micro-CT stains (phosphotungstic acid, iodine with potassium iodide, and iodine in absolute ethanol) deliver a volume shrinkage ranging from 10 to 56% for muscle and 27–66% for brain, while bone does not shrink in micro-CT preparation.
A Bayesian Perspective on Estimation of Variability and Uncertainty in Mechanism‐Based Models
Authors: Leil TA 
Published: June 2014

Mechanism‐based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models have a fundamental basis in biology and pharmacology and, thus, are useful for hypothesis generation and extrapolation beyond the conditions of the original analysis data. The complexity of these models necessitates the incorporation of prior knowledge to inform many of the model parameters. Markov chain Monte Carlo Bayesian estimation offers a robust and statistically rigorous approach for incorporation of prior information into mechanism‐based models. This article provides a perspective on the utility of this approach.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e121; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.19; published online 25 June 2014