bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic dynamic assessment of lung injury in a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Biasucci Daniele G. , Ricci Zaccaria , Conti Giorgio , Cogo Paola 
Published: May 2014

SummaryIntroductionPerformed for many years in clinical settings, pleural and lung ultrasound (PLUS) has emerged to be an invaluable tool to diagnose underlying conditions of respiratory failure, to monitor disease progression and to ensure appropriate therapeutic intervention. PLUS basically relies on the analysis of two prevalent ultrasound artefacts: A‐lines and B‐lines. A‐lines are hyperechoic reverberation artefacts of the pleural line. A‐lines combined with lung sliding show that lungs are well aerated. B‐lines are vertical hyperechoic reverberation artefacts arising from pleural line extending to the bottom of the screen. The prevalence of B‐lines indicates a pathologic parenchyma. Since PLUS is readily available, easily affordable, and biologically non‐invasive, it is especially suitable for bedside clinical care in critically ill and unstable adult patients. Several authors have recently proposed PLUS for application in critically ill neonates and children. We report a case in which PLUS was used to clinically monitor a complex lung lesion during treatment of a child with congenital heart disease suffering from severe lung injury.Case DescriptionA 1‐year‐old male with hypoplastic left heart syndrome underwent bidirectional Glenn procedure and systemic‐to‐left pulmonary artery shunt for heart palliation. After surgery, he developed a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and extra‐corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment was started. PLUS was performed daily to monitor the disease's progression and response to treatment during lung rest. As B‐lines were decreasing and A‐lines were becoming visible, we were able to monitor the improving aeration of the injured lung. The ultrasound showed high consistency with traditional imaging.DiscussionDue to its non‐ionizing nature, low cost, easy availability, easy repeatability and real‐time results, PLUS is a feasible and beneficial bedside imaging technique for critically ill and unstable adult and pediatric patients. A reliable monitoring of ongoing treatments is certainly helpful to provide appropriate intervention, correctly schedule chest X‐ray and CT‐scan, and optimize ECMO weaning. The present case suggests that PLUS may be a successful and useful tool for monitoring lung diseases in children with CHD with severe post‐operative complex lung injury. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:n–n. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of Mechanically Removing Nonnative Predators from a Desert Stream
Authors: Propst D. L. , Gido K. B. , Whitney J. E. , Gilbert E. I. , Pilger T. J. , Monié A. M. , Paroz Y. M. , Wick J. M. , Monzingo J. A. , Myers D. M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNative fish faunas throughout the American Southwest have declined dramatically in the past century, mainly a consequence of habitat alteration and alien species introductions. We initiated this 6‐year study to evaluate the efficacy of mechanical removal of nonnative predaceous rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, brown trout Salmo trutta, yellow bullhead Ameiurus natalis and smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu from an open 4.6‐km reach of West Fork Gila River in southwest New Mexico, USA. Removal efforts involved intensive sampling with a 10‐ to 12‐person crew using backpack electrofishers and seines to capture fish over a 4‐ to 5‐day period each year. Additionally, two reference sites were sampled with similar methods to compare temporal changes in species mass in the absence of a removal effort. Results were mixed. Mass of yellow bullhead, rainbow trout and brown trout declined in the removal reach from 2007 through 2012, but there was no change in smallmouth bass. Concurrently, mass of Rainbow trout, yellow bullhead and smallmouth bass did not change at reference sites, but brown trout mass declined, indicating factors other than removal were driving abundance of brown trout. Occurrence of several large flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris in the removal reach in 2012 changed what would have been a decline in overall nonnative mass to no change over the course of the study. Spikedace Meda fulgida was the only native species positively responding to predator removal. Results of this study suggest that with moderate effort and resources applied systematically, mechanical removal can benefit some native fish species, but movement of problem species from surrounding areas into removal reaches necessitates continued control efforts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Update of the International Society of Sexual Medicine's Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Premature Ejaculation (PE)
Authors: Althof Stanley E. , McMahon Chris G. , Waldinger Marcel D. , Serefoglu Ege Can , Shindel Alan W. , Adaikan P. Ganesan , Becher Edgardo , Dean John , Giuliano Francois , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. , Giraldi Annamaria , Glina Sidney , Incrocci Luca , Jannini Emmanuele , McCabe Marita , Parish Sharon , Rowland David , Segraves R. Taylor , Sharlip Ira , Torres Luiz Otavio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIntroductionIn 2009, the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) convened a select panel of experts to develop an evidence-based set of guidelines for patients suffering from lifelong premature ejaculation (PE). That document reviewed definitions, etiology, impact on the patient and partner, assessment, and pharmacological, psychological, and combined treatments. It concluded by recognizing the continually evolving nature of clinical research and recommended a subsequent guideline review and revision every fourth year. Consistent with that recommendation, the ISSM organized a second multidisciplinary panel of experts in April 2013, which met for 2 days in Bangalore, India. This manuscript updates the previous guidelines and reports on the recommendations of the panel of experts.AimThe aim of this study was to develop clearly worded, practical, evidenced-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of PE for family practice clinicians as well as sexual medicine experts.MethodA comprehensive literature review was performed.ResultsThis article contains the report of the second ISSM PE Guidelines Committee. It offers a new unified definition of PE and updates the previous treatment recommendations. Brief assessment procedures are delineated, and validated diagnostic and treatment questionnaires are reviewed. Finally, the best practices treatment recommendations are presented to guide clinicians, both familiar and unfamiliar with PE, in facilitating treatment of their patients.ConclusionDevelopment of guidelines is an evolutionary process that continually reviews data and incorporates the best new research. We expect that ongoing research will lead to a more complete understanding of the pathophysiology as well as new efficacious and safe treatments for this sexual dysfunction. We again recommend that these guidelines be reevaluated and updated by the ISSM in 4 years.
Design recommendations for axially loaded elliptical hollow section X and T joints
Authors: Wardenier Jaap , Choo Yoo Sang , Packer Jeffrey A. , van der Vegte Gerhardus J. , Shen Wei 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a summary, with background information, of the design recommendations developed recently for axially loaded X and T joints between elliptical hollow sections (EHS). These recommendations are based on experimental tests, finite element (FE) calibration and parametric studies carried out in a collaborative research programme between the universities of Singapore, Toronto and Delft.The strength equations are presented in a similar manner to those currently adopted for circular hollow section (CHS) joints and rectangular hollow section (RHS) joints in ISO 14346 (2013). The ISO recommendations are based on, and are similar to, those of the International Institute of Welding, IIW‐XV‐E, which were also published by the Comité International pour le Développement et l’Etude de la Construction Tubulaire (CIDECT) in recent editions of their Design Guides.
Evaluation of the recent IIW (2012) and ISO (2013) strength equations for axially loaded CHS K gap joints
Authors: J. van der Vegte Gerhardus , Wardenier Jaap 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOver the last decade, extensive numerical analyses have been conducted on axially loaded uniplanar K gap, T and X joints made of circular hollow sections (CHS), considering a wide range of geometrical parameters and different types of chord load. Based on the large amount of numerical data, in 2007, new joint capacity and chord stress equations were derived for CHS joints. This article presents detailed comparisons made between the (mean) strength equations for K gap joints and the experimental data available. These design equations were first discussed and approved by Sub‐commission XV‐E of the International Institute of Welding (IIW), subsequently published in the CIDECT Design Guide for CHS joints [1] and adopted in the 3rd edition of the IIW Static Design Procedure for Welded Hollow Section Joints [2], which formed the basis for the ISO 14346 recommendations [3] published recently.
Brazilian climate politics 2005–2012: ambivalence and paradox
Authors: Viola Eduardo , Franchini Matías 
Published: May 2014

Climate change has become a powerful social and political driver of our time. Within this context, progressive national and international societies are faced with a central challenge: how can reformist forces become strong enough to bypass the efforts of conservative forces and initiate a rapid and profound response to the climate crisis? This article reviews the politics of climate change in Brazil between 2005 and 2012 with reference to this central societal challenge, focusing on reformist and conservative actors such as economic and social forces, as well as the role of the government. This review identifies three periods: first, 2005–2008, when reformist forces grew strongly from a weak base; second, 2009–2010, when there was a peak in influence of reformist forces, while at the same time as conservative forces were growing strong; and third, 2011–2012, when conservative forces became predominant and were strongly supported by the government. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:677–688. doi: 10.1002/wcc.289This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior
Policy and Governance > National Climate Change Policy
Solvent‐templated 1D Loop‐and‐cage Metal‐organic Coordination Polymer Exhibiting a 1D→3D Interdigited Array
Authors: Deng Shengjun , Chao Wenting , Huang Feiqiang , Gan Ling , Duan Xiongpeng , Liu Tianxi , Xiao Weiming , Zhang Ning 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe reaction of zinc salts with mixed organic linkers afforded the complex {[Zn2(BPTC)(Bix)2]·DMSO}n (1) (H4BPTC = biphenyl‐3,3′,4,4′‐tetracarboxylic acid, Bix = 1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)‐benzene, DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide). Compound 1 exhibits an unusual 1D loop‐and‐cage structure, where the DMSO molecule directs the formation of a cage subunit. Moreover, it shows an interesting 1D→3D interdigitated array with two levels of interdigitating modes.
Effect of Natural and Pretreated Soybean Hulls on Enzyme Production by Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Coffman Anthony M. , Li Qian , Ju Lu‐Kwang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe enzyme induction utility of soybean hulls (SBH), consisting in excess of 50 wt% non‐starch polysaccharides (NSP) cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, was studied through cultivation of the carbohydrase‐producing fungus Trichoderma reesei Rut C‐30. Shake flask systems of T. reesei were grown in a medium consisting of defatted soybean flour as a nitrogen source and SBH, some of which were untreated and others pretreated by liquid hot water, alkaline, and supercritical carbon dioxide, as carbon source. Cellulase, xylanase, and polygalacturonase activities were measured for the systems, and the natural hull systems were found to yield optimum enzyme production. Controlled batch fermentation experiments were carried out to compare enzyme production resulting from media with Avicel® (FMC BioPolymer, Philadelphia, PA, USA) versus natural SBH with and without soybean flour as the nitrogen source. Soybean hull fermentations were also performed at several pH levels to observe the effects on enzyme production. Soybean hulls induced comparable levels of cellulase, and higher levels of xylanase and polygalacturonase, than Avicel®. With SBH, cellulase and xylanase production were enhanced at higher pH levels (6.0), and polygalacturonase was enhanced at lower pH levels (4.0–4.5). Enzyme production was largely unaffected by the presence of soybean flour as the nitrogen source.
Susceptibility of the conventional criteria for mild cognitive impairment to false‐positive diagnostic errors
Authors: Edmonds Emily C. , Delano‐Wood Lisa , Clark Lindsay R. , Jak Amy J. , Nation Daniel A. , McDonald Carrie R. , Libon David J. , Au Rhoda , Galasko Douglas , Salmon David P. , Bondi Mark W. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed whether mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes could be empirically derived within the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) MCI cohort and examined associated biomarkers and clinical outcomes.MethodsCluster analysis was performed on neuropsychological data from 825 MCI ADNI participants.ResultsFour subtypes emerged: (1) dysnomic (n = 153), (2) dysexecutive (n = 102), (3) amnestic (n = 288), and (4) cluster‐derived normal (n = 282) who performed within normal limits on cognitive testing. The cluster‐derived normal group had significantly fewer APOE ε4 carriers and fewer who progressed to dementia compared with the other subtypes; they also evidenced cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarker profiles that did not differ from the normative reference group.ConclusionsIdentification of empirically derived MCI subtypes demonstrates heterogeneity in MCI cognitive profiles that is not captured by conventional criteria. The large cluster‐derived normal group suggests that conventional diagnostic criteria are susceptible to false‐positive errors, with the result that prior MCI studies may be diluting important biomarker relationships.
Successfully Eliminating Chest Radiography by Replacing It With Dual Vector Technology and an Algorithm for PICC Placement
Authors: Girgenti Constance , Donnellan Elizabeth 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
It can be difficult to get the tip of a central vascular access device to the targeted area of the caval-atrial junction accurately and precisely when placing a device at the bedside. Tip placement outside this precise location can lead to complications and poor patient outcomes. Malpositions increase patients' radiation exposure, increase costs, and delay treatment. The current standard of using chest radiography to check tip placement has demonstrated discrepancies and is subject to interpretation differences between radiologists. Chest radiography and malpositions can be eliminated with the use of technology that includes Doppler, echocardiography (ECG), and an algorithm. This technology can reduce the cost of labor and supplies in addition to allowing the use of a central vascular access device immediately after placement.
Putting Copyright in Its Place1
Authors: Piper Tina 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
As copyright is asked to perform a greater role in governing creative activity, its focus on economic values above all others raises concerns. Interviews conducted by the author with Canadian independent music labels suggest that the law and the norms governing labels’ operations are more diverse and include direct subsidies, or grants, from government and the private sector. These grants perform many of the functions expected from copyright. This study concludes that copyright law is often exotic, peripheral, and even irrelevant to those involved in the spheres of remunerative Canadian sound production considered here. This finding suggests a renewed focus on a Canadian narrative of copyright law that puts it in its place alongside other instruments regulating independent music production.
Water droplet condensation and evaporation in turbulent channel flow
Authors: Russo E. , Kuerten J. G. M. , van der Geld C. W. M. , Geurts B. J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe propose a point-particle model for two-way coupling of water droplets dispersed in the turbulent flow of a carrier gas consisting of air and water vapour. We adopt an Euler–Lagrangian formulation based on conservation laws for the mass, momentum and energy of the continuous phase and on empirical correlations describing momentum, heat and mass transfer between the droplet phase and the carrier gas phase. An incompressible flow formulation is applied for direct numerical simulation of differentially heated turbulent channel flow. The two-way coupling is investigated in terms of its effects on mass and heat transfer characteristics and the resulting droplet size distribution. Compared to simulations without droplets or those with solid particles with the same size and specific heat as the water droplets, a significant increase in Nusselt number is found, arising from the additional phase changes. The Nusselt number increases with increasing ambient temperature and is almost independent of the heat flux applied to the walls of the channel. The time-averaged droplet size distribution displays a characteristic dependence on position expressing the combined effect of turbophoresis and phase changes in turbulent wall-bounded flow. In the statistically steady state that is reached after a long time, the resulting flow exhibits a mean motion of water vapour from the warm wall to the cold wall, where it condenses on average, followed by a net mean mass transfer of droplets from the cold wall to the warm wall.
Stability of downflowing gyrotactic microorganism suspensions in a two-dimensional vertical channel
Authors: Hwang Yongyun , Pedley T. J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHydrodynamic focusing of cells along the region of the most rapid flow is a robust feature in downflowing suspensions of swimming gyrotactic microorganisms. Experiments performed in a downward pipe flow have reported that the focused beam-like structure of the cells is often unstable and results in the formation of regular-spaced axisymmetric blips, but the mechanism by which they are formed is not well understood. To elucidate this mechanism, in this study, we perform a linear stability analysis of a downflowing suspension of randomly swimming gyrotactic cells in a two-dimensional vertical channel. On increasing the flow rate, the basic state exhibits a focused beam-like structure. It is found that this focused beam is unstable with the varicose mode, the spatial structure, wavelength, phase speed and behaviour with the flow rate of which are remarkably similar to those of the blip instability in the pipe flow experiment. To understand the physical mechanism of the varicose mode, we perform an analysis which calculates the term-by-term contribution to the instability. It is shown that the leading physical mechanism in generating the varicose instability originates from the horizontal gradient in the cell-swimming-vector field formed by the non-uniform shear in the base flow. This mechanism is found to be supplemented by cooperation with the gyrotactic instability mechanism observed in uniform suspensions.
Surface Instabilities on a Thin Power-Law Fluid During Spin Coating
Authors: Chen C.-I. , Lin M.-C. , Chen C.-K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe phenomena of surface instabilities in a thin power-law fluid during spin coating are investigated. The set of Navier-Stokes equations with non-Newtonian behavior in the region of low Reynolds number serves as a mathematical description of the physical systems. Long-wave perturbation analysis is proposed to derive an evolution equation of the Ostwald de-Waele type fluid to govern the propagation of surface waves. Weakly nonlinear dynamics of film flow is studied by the multiple scales method. The amplitude of instability is determined by a Ginzburg-Landau equation. The study reveals that the degree of power-law index plays a vital role in stabilizing the film flow. The shear-thinning fluid is more unstable than the shear-thickening fluid in the stability analysis. Further, the nonlinear wave speed in the supercritical stability region decreases with increasing values of power-law index.
From primary metaphors to the complex semantic pole of grammatical constructions
Authors: HUELVA UNTERNBÄUMEN ENRIQUE 
Published: May 2014

abstractThe main aim of the present work is to demonstrate that the semantic pole of ditransitive constructions manifests itself as a multidomain matrix, consisting basically of a set of conceptual metaphors integrated through the mechanism of blending. The metaphors that participate in these multidomain matrices are, in principle, metaphors that already exist in our conceptual structure. As we shall demonstrate in the course of the analysis, these often involve primary metaphors, conceived of as metaphors that have a direct, independent, experiential base. In other cases, the starting point for the construction of such multidomain matrices is complex metaphors already existing in our conceptual structure, understood as an autonomous conceptual complex of a metaphorical nature, created through the integration of various primary metaphors. Our concrete object of analysis consists of the semantic pole of different types of ditransitive constructions. The data analyzed include examples from Romance (Catalan, French, Brazilian Portuguese, and Spanish) and Germanic (English and German) languages.
The reliability of an adolescent dietary pattern identified using reduced-rank regression: comparison of a FFQ and 3 d food record
Authors: Appannah Geeta , Pot Gerda Karolien , O'Sullivan Therese Anne , Oddy Wendy Hazel , Jebb Susan Ann , Ambrosini Gina Leslie 
Published: May 2014

Despite the increasing use of dietary patterns (DP) to study diet and health outcomes, relatively few studies have examined the reliability of DP using different dietary assessment methods. Reduced-rank regression (RRR) is an emerging statistical method that incorporates a priori information to characterise DP related to specific outcomes of interest. The aim of the present study was to compare DP identified using the RRR method in a FFQ with those in a 3 d food record (FR). Participants were 783 adolescents from the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Cohort Study who completed both a FFQ and FR at 14 years of age. A similar ‘energy-dense, high-fat and low-fibre’ DP was identified in the FFQ and FR that was characterised by high intakes of processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages, and low intakes of vegetables and fresh fruit. Nutrient profiles for this DP were consistent in the FFQ and FR. Pearson's correlation coefficient between participants' z-scores for the DP identified in the FFQ and FR was 0·35 for girls and 0·49 for boys (P< 0·05). The mean difference between DP z-scores derived from the FFQ and FR was − 0·08 (95 % CI − 0·21, 0·04) for girls and − 0·05 (95 % CI − 0·17, 0·07) for boys. The 95 % limits of agreement were − 2·55 to 2·39 for girls and − 2·52 to 2·41 for boys. These findings suggest that very similar DP may be identified and their z-scores show modest agreement when applying the RRR method to dietary intake data collected from adolescents using a FFQ or FR.