bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat filtering and adult dispersal determine the taxonomic composition of stream insects in an urbanizing landscape
Authors: Smith Robert F. , Venugopal P. Dilip , Baker Matthew E. , Lamp William O. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Suitability of the local habitat (‘habitat filtering’) and dispersal between stream reaches determines the composition of insect communities, and urban land use may affect both processes. While urban streams are often poor habitats for insects and dispersal between them is often hindered, conservation and restoration activities generally focus solely on the local (in‐stream) environment.

We determined whether in‐stream habitat filtering (a ‘local’ process) or dispersal between reaches (a ‘regional’ process) controlled assemblage composition in a landscape subject to ongoing urban development (‘urbanizing’). We compared models incorporating geographic distance between sites, environmental dissimilarity, and land‐use/land‐cover attributes of dispersal pathways in an attempt to explain the dissimilarity of stream insect assemblages. Distance and land‐use/land‐cover attributes were characterised along both overland (straight line) and corridor pathways.

Both in‐stream habitat filtering and dispersal affected assemblage composition, but habitat had a stronger influence. Overland distance was a better predictor of assemblage dissimilarity than corridor distance, implying stream insect dispersal occurs across catchment boundaries as well as along stream corridors. The best model incorporated land‐use/land‐cover attributes along dispersal pathways, which supported the idea that urban land‐use in the terrestrial environment mediates dispersal.

Conservation and restoration strategies for streams in urbanizing landscapes that focus on local habitat quality and ignore dispersal are missing a potentially important mechanism affecting insect assemblage composition. While the primary focus should be on maintaining or improving the local habitat, potential dispersal pathways should also be considered.
Relationships between taxonomic and functional components of diversity: implications for conservation of tropical freshwater fishes
Authors: de Carvalho Rodrigo Assis , Tejerina‐Garro Francisco Leonardo 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Understanding the relationships between different components of diversity is needed to improve conservation strategies for freshwater habitats. Here, we studied relationships between taxonomic and functional components of fish assemblages in 27 headwater and 22 main stem habitats of tropical streams in Central Brazil.

Using quantile regression analysis, we evaluated relationships between (i) taxonomic richness (S) and functional richness (FRic); (ii) taxonomic diversity (Δ+) and functional diversity (MPD) and (iii) and taxonomic richness and functional diversity.

Taxonomic richness and diversity (S and Δ+) were correlated with functional richness and diversity (FRic and MPD) in headwaters and main stems. However, relationships between taxonomic and functional components differed across habitat types within a catchment. Relationships between S and FRic and Δ+ and MPD were stronger than those between S and MPD.

Combined, these findings imply that caution is advised when using one diversity component as a surrogate for another diversity component in studies directed towards the conservation of fishes in tropical headwaters and main stems. Moreover, conservation and management strategies must take account of habitat‐specific relationships of the diversity components of fish assemblages when implementing management programmes.
Transnational building practices: knowledge mobility and the inescapable market
Authors: FAULCONBRIDGE JAMES , GRUBBAUER MONIKA 
Published: June 2015

AbstractArchitecture and urban planning have always been subject to, and affected by, processes of transnational cultural exchange and professional networking. Yet, the modes and geographies of knowledge mobility in urban development have matured in the last two decades, with various forces resulting in forms of transnational learning that are faster, more frequent and have more impact. The articles in this special issue provide an important contribution to understanding this maturation, and highlight the particular ways in which knowledge and practice relating to building design move from place to place. In this introductory article, we develop an analysis of how transnational building practices come to be. We highlight the way that transnational building practices can both deepen our knowledge of the constitution of knowledge mobility, and exemplify the profound tensions that result from the clash between the structuring logic of international markets and the need to adapt global ideas to local contexts. Thus, in addition to de‐naturalizing mobility and teasing out how movement is manufactured, we draw attention to the way that the inescapable relationships between buildings and markets determine the trajectories and effects of transnational knowledge networks. This opening up of the political economy of mobility, we believe, is one of the most pertinent issues in relation to considerations of mobility more broadly.
Sustainable urbanism in the age of Photoshop: images, experiences and the role of learning through inhabiting the international travels of a planning model
Authors: RAPOPORT ELIZABETH 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLearning is one of the critical processes in enabling the international mobility of urban planning and policy ideas. A particularly effective form of learning in this context is an immersive, sensory approach we can describe as ‘inhabiting’. This article illustrates the role that inhabiting plays in facilitating the mobility of the planning model of sustainable urbanism. To do so, it draws on research carried out in the industry of international private sector architects, planners and engineering consultants, sometimes called the Global Intelligence Corps (GIC). In the article, I illustrate how GICs use inhabiting, drawing on visual media and personal experience to encourage their clients to incorporate sustainable urban planning and design proposals into large urban development projects. These explorations demonstrate the value of research methodologies that focus on the everyday practices and social interactions through which people mobilize ideas.
Communities of practice and transnational standards: changing building practices in Warsaw's commercial property sector
Authors: HEEG SUSANNE , BITTERER NADINE 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn 1989, Warsaw's office market became part of the global property market with a growing transparency. This process of integration is attributable to an increasing level of professionalism of its agents. Our main interest here is in the introduction of international design and building norms. We argue that, in the interplay between global and local property professionals, new institutional arrangements emerge that lead to the establishment of international norms and standards. Moreover, because they reduce information asymmetries on a global scale, these international property consultants, whom we can regard as ‘market‐making intermediaries’, are key actors in the creation of these new institutional arrangements. Property consultants, as part of global communities of practice (CoPs), are at the core of establishing a joint understanding of requirements in real estate practice. Regular communication with one another about the challenges, norms, specifications and demands in the professional management of office property helps to develop shared practices.
Asbestos exposure increases the incidence of histologically confirmed usual interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Kawabata Yoshinori , Shimizu Yoshihiko , Hoshi Eishin , Murai Kazumi , Kanauchi Tetsu , Kurashima Kazuyoshi , Sugita Yutaka 
Published: June 2015

AimsWe hypothesized that asbestos exposure increases the incidence of macroscopically visible and histologically confirmed usual interstitial pneumonia (histological UIP).Methods and resultsWe retrospectively examined 1718 cases (1202 males; mean age 66.7 years) who underwent lobectomy for resection of pleuropulmonary tumours. Objective markers for asbestos exposure included: the presence of malignant pleural mesothelioma, the presence of pleural plaques (PPs) and asbestos bodies in the histological specimen. Risk factors for histological UIP were examined. Two separate groups were studied: 183 with asbestos exposure, and 239 with histological UIP. The 183 cases with asbestos exposure had higher rates of positive occupational history and histological UIP (31%) than the remaining 1535. Among the asbestos‐exposed group, small numbers of asbestos bodies were found in histological specimens of 21 cases of histological UIP. PPs and asbestos bodies were more frequent in the 239 patients with histological UIP than in the remaining 1479 UIP‐negative patients. Multivariate analysis showed that asbestos exposure, especially positivity for asbestos bodies, that does not meet the current criteria for asbestosis increases the risk of histological UIP (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsAsbestos exposure causes asbestosis and increases the incidence of histological UIP.
Seasonal Changes in Carbohydrate and Protein Content of Seeded Bermudagrasses and Their Effect on Spring Green‐Up
Authors: Schiavon M. , Macolino S. , Leinauer B. , Ziliotto U. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe widespread use of warm‐season turfgrasses in transition zones of Europe, such as northern Italy, has been hampered by the long dormancy periods. To encourage the conversion from cool‐ to warm‐season grasses, research is needed to identify cultivars that exhibit early spring green‐up. A 2‐year study was conducted at the agricultural experimental farm of Padova University from November 2006 to October 2008 to compare water‐soluble carbohydrate and protein content in stolons of four bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] cultivars and determine their effect on spring green‐up. Samples of ‘La Paloma’, ‘NuMex Sahara’, ‘Princess 77’ and ‘Yukon’ were collected monthly, and water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and crude protein (CP) content of stolons were measured. Dry weight values of WSC and CP for each cultivar were regressed against days needed to reach 80 % green cover in spring (D80). ‘Yukon’ exhibited the highest rhizome dry weight and WSC content during the winter months and was the fastest to reach 80 % green cover. Conversely, ‘Princess 77’ was the slowest cultivar to green‐up in both years. Regression analysis revealed a stronger relationship between D80 and WSC than between CP content and D80.
Health‐social partnership intervention programme for community‐dwelling older adults: a research protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wong Kwan Ching , Wong Frances Kam Yuet , Chang Katherine Ka Pik 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThis paper aims to describe the research protocol that will be used to determine the effectiveness of a health‐social partnership intervention programme among community‐dwelling older adults.BackgroundAgeing in place is a preferred option for overcoming challenges of the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and the risk for hospitalization associated with the ageing population. Nevertheless, our knowledge of how to implement this concept is limited. The integrated efforts of health and social services may help to enable older adults to live with a sense of control over their daily life and to be independent to the fullest extent possible in the community.DesignThis is a randomized, controlled trial.MethodsParticipants are community‐dwelling older adults referred from a community centre. Sample size calculation was based on power analysis. The intervention group will receive the programme with the standard protocols guided by a comprehensive assessment–intervention–evaluation framework. Home visits and telephones follow‐up will be employed as means of conducting the interventions and monitoring their progress. The customary care group will receive placebo social calls. The duration of the interventions will be 3 months. The study was funded by the School of Nursing in Hong Kong. Research Ethics Committee approval was obtained in September 2014.DiscussionThe results of this research are expected to enable older adults to stay in the community with optimal health and well‐being. Health and social sciences are integrated into the practice in this research protocol. The scarce literature on this topic means that this study can also provide an opportunity to bridge the caring gap among older adults.
An individualized diagnostic approach based on guidelines for chronic urticaria (CU)
Authors: Giménez‐Arnau A.M. , Grattan C. , Zuberbier T. , Toubi E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChronic urticaria (CU), defined as the spontaneous or inducible appearance of hives, angioedema or both for 6 weeks or more, presents with a number of subtypes which all substantially impair patients’ quality of life (QoL). International urticaria guidelines give clear recommendations on workup and treatment but the occurrence of CU with multiple causes and triggers (sometimes with more than one subtype occurring in a single patient) presents challenges for an individualized assessment by physicians. This review summarizes recent guidance on the classification, diagnosis and assessment of CU subtypes and discusses how currently available patient assessment tools and laboratory tests can be used in clinical practice as part of an individualized patient management plan.
Management and treatment of chronic urticaria (CU)
Authors: Maurer M. , Church M.K. , Gonçalo M. , Sussman G. , Sánchez‐Borges M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDevelopments increasing our understanding of chronic urticaria have resulted in the simplification and improvement of available treatments. Currently, many treatments target mast cell mediators, but we can now disrupt mast cell activation with the anti‐IgE antibody omalizumab, which has markedly advanced the treatment landscape for patients with difficult‐to‐treat urticaria. Current guidelines provide a framework for the management and treatment of patients with CU but, as each patient is different, knowledge and experience of specialist dermatologists and allergists are key to effective pharmacotherapy. This article reviews the different therapeutic options for patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (also called chronic idiopathic urticaria) or chronic inducible urticaria and discusses management of special populations or special circumstances related to CU.
Nutritional status and eating habits of the institutionalised elderly in Turkey: a follow‐up study
Authors: Rakıcıoğlu N. , Aksoy B. , Tamer F. , Yıldız E. Akal , Samur G. , Pekcan G. , Besler H. T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundAs the elderly population increases in Turkey, so do the associated health and nutritional problems. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the nutritional status of elderly individuals who live in institutions.MethodsA total of 102 elderly volunteers was recruited from seven residential homes of the Ministry of Family and Social Policies in Ankara. In the consecutive years of 2007, 2008 and 2009, dietary intake was assessed using a 24‐h food recall. Nutritional status was screened using a questionnaire from the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment, basic characteristics were determined and anthropometric measurements were assessed.ResultsThe percentage of elderly participants who were malnourished or at risk for malnutrition increased by the completion of the follow‐up (P < 0.05). It was found that energy, total protein, animal proteins, carbohydrates, niacin, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc intake of men decreased significantly over the years studied (P < 0.05). A significant decrease occurred among women in animal protein, vitamin B1, niacin and the percentage of energy from proteins (P < 0.05); however, an increase in energy from fat (P < 0.05) was determined. Within the years studied, the percentage of nutrients meeting the Turkish recommended daily allowances decreased from 2007 to 2009 both in men and women. During the years 2007 to 2009, the percentage of waist circumferences >102 cm for men was 46.4%, 45.6% and 48.1%, respectively, and the percentage of waist circumferences for women >88 cm was 75.6%, 75.6% and 81.8%, respectively.ConclusionsDuring the follow‐up, significant nutritional changes were determined. To prevent malnutrition, periodical screening of nutritional status should be a priority and a standard policy for elderly people, especially for those institutionalised.
Tradeoff Evaluation Improves Comparative Life Cycle Assessment: A Photovoltaic Case Study
Authors: Prado‐Lopez Valentina , Wender Ben A. , Seager Thomas P , Laurin Lise , Chester Mikhail , Arslan Erdem 
Published: June 2015

SummaryCurrent life cycle assessment (LCA) interpretation practices typically emphasize hotspot identification and improvement assessment. However, these interpretation practices fail in the context of a decision‐driven comparative LCA where the goal is to select the best option from a set of dissimilar alternatives. Interpretation of comparative LCA results requires understanding of the trade‐offs between alternatives—instances in which one alternative performs better or worse than another—to identify the environmental implications of a specific decision. In this case, analysis must elucidate relative trade‐offs between decision alternatives, rather than absolute description of the alternatives individually. Here, typical practices fail. This article introduces a probability distribution‐based approach to assess the significance of performance differences among alternatives that allows LCA practitioners to focus analyses on those aspects most influential to the decision, identify the areas that would benefit the most from data refinement given the level of uncertainty, and complement existing hotspot analyses. In a case study of a comparative LCA of five photovoltaic technologies, findings show that thin‐film cadmium telluride and amorphous silicon cell panels are most likely to perform better than other alternatives. Additionally, the impact categories highlighted by the new approach are different than those highlighted by typical external normalization practices, suggesting that a decision‐driven approach to interpretation would redirect environmental research efforts.
Public stigma in intellectual disability: do direct versus indirect questions make a difference?
Authors: Werner S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundStigma may negatively impact individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, most studies in the field have been based on the use of direct measurement methods for assessing stigma. This study examined public stigma towards individuals with ID within a representative sample of the Israeli public by comparing direct versus indirect questioning.MethodsVignette methodology was utilised with two questionnaire versions. In the direct questionnaire (n = 306), the participants were asked how they would think, feel and behave if a man with ID asked them a question in a public place. In the indirect questionnaire (n = 301), the participants were asked to report how a hypothetical ‘other man’ would think, feel and behave in the same situation.ResultsHigher levels of stigma were reported among participants that answered the indirect questionnaire version. Furthermore, among those participants that answered the indirect questionnaire version, subjective knowledge of ID was a less important correlate of stigma than for those participants that answered the direct questionnaire.ConclusionSeveral explanations are suggested for the finding that indirect questioning elicits more negative stigmatic attitudes. Among others, indirect questioning may be a more appropriate methodology for eliciting immediate beliefs. Furthermore, the results call for implementing a comprehensive, multi‐level programme to change stigma.
Exploring nurses’ reactions to a novel technology to support acute health care delivery
Authors: Kent Bridie , Redley Bernice , Wickramasinghe Nilmini , Nguyen Lemai , Taylor Nyree J. , Moghimi Hoda , Botti Mari 
Published: June 2015

Aims and objectivesTo explore nurses’ reactions to new novel technology for acute health care.BackgroundPast failures of technology developers to deliver products that meet nurses’ needs have led to resistance and reluctance in the technology adoption process. Thus, involving nurses in a collaborative process from early conceptualisation serves to inform design reflective upon current clinical practice, facilitating the cementing of ‘vision’ and expectations of the technology.DesignAn exploratory descriptive design to capture nurses’ immediate impressions.MethodsFour focus groups (52 nurses from medical and surgical wards at two hospitals in Australia; one private and one public).ResultsNursing reactions towards the new technology illustrated a variance in barrier and enabler comments across multiple domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework. Most challenging for nurses were the perceived threat to their clinical skill, and the potential capability of the novel technology to capture their clinical workflow. Enabling reactions included visions that this could help integrate care between departments; help management and support of nursing processes; and coordinating their patients care between clinicians. Nurses’ reactions differed across hospital sites, influenced by their experiences of using technology. For example, Site 1 nurses reported wide variability in their distribution of barrier and enabling comments and nurses at Site 2, where technology was prevalent, reported mostly positive responses.ConclusionThis early involvement offered nursing input and facilitated understanding of the potential capabilities of novel technology to support nursing work, particularly the characteristics seen as potentially beneficial (enabling technology) and those conflicting (barrier technology) with the delivery of both safe and effective patient care.Relevance to clinical practiceCollaborative involvement of nurses from the early conceptualisation of technology development brings benefits that increase the likelihood of successful use of a tool intended to support the delivery of safe and efficient patient care.
PRL‐3 promotes migration and invasion and is associated with poor prognosis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Dong Qian , Ding Xueqiang , Chang Boyang , Wang Haihe , Wang Anxun 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundPRL‐3 had been found to be involved in tumorigenesis in various malignancies. In this study, we investigated the role of PRL‐3 in the development, migration, and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC).MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to analyze the role of PRL‐3 in the development and prognosis of SACC. Then, we overexpressed or inhibited the expression of PRL‐3 in paired SACC cells to analyze the role of PRL‐3 in the migration and invasion of SACC. In vitro migration and invasion assays were used. Western blotting was used to detect metastasis‐related protein levels.ResultsIHC results confirmed that the deregulation of PRL‐3 was a frequent event in SACC; the upregulation of PRL‐3 was related to clinical stages, vital status, and distant metastasis, which was associated with reduced overall survival and disease‐free survival. SACC‐LM cells with higher migratory and invasive abilities had more robust PRL‐3 protein expression than SACC‐83 cells with lower migratory and invasive abilities. PRL‐3 overexpression promoted cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, led to simultaneous upregulation of phosphorylated PRL‐3, pERK1/2, Slug, vimentin, and downregulation of E‐cadherin in SACC‐83 cells. However, the inhibition of PRL‐3 by PRL‐3 inhibitor or PRL‐3 siRNA in SACC‐LM cells inhibited cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, resulted in simultaneous downregulation of phosphorylated PRL‐3, pERK1/2, Slug, vimentin, and upregulation of E‐cadherin.ConclusionsOur results confirm that PRL‐3 plays an important role in the development of SACC and contributes to the migratory and invasive abilities of SACC.