bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The important role of matrix metalloproteinases in nematode parasites
Authors: Azami M. , Anvarinejad M. , Jamshidian Ghalesefidi M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent a large family of over twenty different secreted or membrane-bound endopeptidases, involved in many physiological (embryogenesis, precursor or stem cell mobilization, tissue remodeling during wound healing, etc.), as well as pathological (inflammation, tumor progression and metastasis in cancer, vascular pathology, etc.) conditions. For a long time, MMPs were considered only for the ability to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules (e.g., collagen, laminin, fibronectin) and to release hidden epitopes from the ECM. However, expressions of many MMPs have been associated with several pathological conditions. It has been established that the MMPs are conserved throughout the animal kingdom and studies of invertebrate have demonstrated that primarily they are involved in various developing functions in hydra, Drosophila, sea urchin and nematodes. The syntheses of these proteolytic enzymes and their release as excretory and secretory products have been reported in various parasitic nematodes. Host invasion and tissue migration of several nematodes have been linked to the expression and release of parasite-derived proteases. Studies with enzyme inhibitors suggest that the enzyme may be a metalloproteinase. Moreover, substrate impregnated zymographic analysis of extracts and excretory and secretory products of different nematode parasites have revealed the multiple enzyme activities of MMPs with various molecular weights. More research on MMP degradome in nematode parasites can provide valuable information for intense evaluation of pathogenesis caused by these parasites.
Human ocular dirofilariosis in Slovakia, a case report
Authors: Ondriska F. , Forgáč F. , Hrčková G. , Pavlovičová G. , Miterpáková M. , Boldiš V. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A case of the human ocular dirofilariosis in 72-year-old man from southern Slovakia is documented. Two days before visiting a doctor he noticed a live worm in his right eye. The eye was inflamed and itching. The worm of 100 mm in length was isolated from the subconjunctival space. On the basis of morphological appearance, histological examination and PCR-based detection, it was identified as Dirofilaria repens. The patient was probably infected in the southern Slovakia, which is an enzootic area of dirofilariosis of dogs.
Practical application of cross correlation technique to measure jitter of master-oscillator-power-amplifier (MOPA) laser system
Authors: Młyńczak J. , Sawicz-Kryniger K. , Fry A. , Glownia J. , Leemans S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Linac coherent light source (LCLS) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) is the world’s first hard X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) and is capable of producing high-energy, femtosecond duration X-ray pulses. A common technique to study fast timescale physical phenomena, various “pump/probe” techniques are used. In these techniques there are two lasers, one optical and one X-ray, that work as a pump and as a probe to study dynamic processes in atoms and molecules. In order to resolve phenomena that occur on femtosecond timescales, it is imperative to have very precise timing between the optical lasers and X-rays (on the order of ∼20 fs or better). The lasers are synchronized to the same RF source that drives the accelerator and produces the X-ray laser. However, elements in the lasers cause some drift and time jitter, thereby de-synchronizing the system. This paper considers cross-correlation technique as a way to quantify the drift and jitter caused by the regenerative amplifier of the ultrafast optical laser.
Des espaces parcourus aux lieux investis. Enquête auprès des Sénégalais installés en Europe
Authors: Lessault David 
Published: September 2014

« L’argent de la migration » est souvent perçu au Sénégal comme une manne financière à mobiliser pour le développement du pays. Au-delà du comportement en termes de transferts de biens et d’argent adressés aux familles restées sur place, la construction du « patrimoine » (foncier, immobilier ou commercial) des migrants internationaux obéit à des logiques encore mal connues. Cet article propose d’apporter un éclairage sur les pratiques d’investissement économique réalisés par les ressortissants sénégalais. Il privilégie une approche spatiale, celle des lieux investis en rapport avec les espaces parcourus. La géographie obtenue, résultat de l’histoire collective d’une cohorte de Sénégalais enquêtés en Europe, interpelle la pertinence du débat qui porte sur les liens entre la migration internationale et le développement des « localités d’origine », en axant la discussion sur la diversité des logiques de patrimonialisation de migrants sénégalais.
Les ordres de la mesure des prix
Authors: Touchelay Béatrice 
Published: September 2014

Dans l’espace social, politique et économique, rien ne semble aujourd’hui plus évident et naturel que de mesurer l’évolution de prix. Pourtant, la carrière de l’indice des prix depuis sa création n’est pas rectiligne et ne s’est pas accomplie sans heurts. Cet article se propose de suivre la carrière de cette technique de quantification dans trois configurations historiques successives marquées par l’intensité des controverses autour de l’indice des prix : ces trois périodes se caractérisent chacune par des formes différentes de « mise en ordre » de l’économie.
A Clinical Perspective of Canagliflozin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nardolillo AnneMarie , Kane Michael P. , Busch Robert S. , Watsky Jay , Hamilton Robert A. 
Published: September 2014

Objective To assess the real-world efficacy and safety of the first sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, canagliflozin, in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This observational study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of canagliflozin in T2DM patients. Primary study outcomes were changes in HbAlC and weight, and percentage of patients reporting adverse effects of therapy. Results The study criteria were met by 111 patient records. Baseline patient characteristics were: average age, 59 ± 9 years; mean duration of T2DM, 11.9 ± 7.3 years; 57.6% of patients were male; 92.8% were Caucasian; baseline BMI, 38.9 ± 11 kg/m2; and mean baseline HbAlC, 7.53 (58.8 mmol/mol) ± 1.08%. HbAlC and weight were significantly reduced by 0.37% and 4.4 kg, respectively. Adverse effects were reported by 21 patients, and 17 (15.3%) discontinued canagliflozin because of adverse reactions. Conclusion Canagliflozin was generally well tolerated and significantly reduced HbAlC levels and body weight in patients with T2DM when added to a regimen of other anti-hyperglycemic agents.
Deflection of mantle flow beneath subducting slabs and the origin of subslab anisotropy
Authors: Paczkowski Karen , Thissen Christopher J. , Long Maureen D. , Montési Laurent G. J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGlobal compilations of subslab shear wave splitting parameters show a mix of trench‐parallel and trench‐perpendicular fast directions that often directly contradict predictions from two‐dimensional models of slab‐entrained flow. Here we show that subslab anisotropy is consistent with three‐dimensional geodynamic models that feature the interaction between subducting slabs and regional mantle flow. Each model represents a specific region for which high‐quality source‐side shear wave splitting data are available. We compare the distribution of finite strain in the models with shear wave splitting observations, showing that both trench‐parallel and trench‐perpendicular fast directions can be explained by deflection of regional mantle flow around or beneath subducted slabs. Subslab maximum elongation directions calculated from our models depend on a combination of geometry factors (such as slab dip angle and maximum depth), mechanical parameters (such as decoupling between the slab and the subjacent mantle), and the orientation and magnitude of the regional mantle flow.
Changing volatility of U.S. annual tornado reports
Authors: Tippett Michael K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractUnited States (U.S.) tornado activity results in substantial loss of life and property damage each year. A simple measure of the U.S. tornado climatology is the average number of tornadoes per year. However, even this statistic is elusive because of nonstationary behavior due in large part to changes in reporting practices. Differencing of the annual report data results in a quantity without mean trends and whose standard deviation we denote as volatility, since it is an indication of the likely year‐to‐year variation in the number of tornadoes reported. While volatility changes detected prior to 2000 can be associated with known reporting practice changes, an increase in volatility in the 2000s across intensity levels cannot. A volatility increase is also seen in a tornado environment index which measures the favorability of atmospheric conditions to tornado activity, providing evidence that the recent increase in tornado report volatility is related to the physical environment.
Do physical activity and sedentary behavior relate to cardio‐metabolic risk factor clustering in indigenous Siberian adults?
Authors: Wilson Hannah J. , Leonard William R. , Tarskaia Larissa A. , Klimova Tatiana M. , Krivoshapkin Vadim G. , Snodgrass J. Josh 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo investigate whether having multiple risk factors for cardio‐metabolic disease is associated with objectively measured physical activity or sedentary behavior within a sample of Yakut (Sakha) of Siberia.MethodsThis cross sectional study involved 63 Yakut adults (32 men) who were measured for cardio‐metabolic risk factors. Free living physical activity and sedentary behavior were calculated from waist accelerometry. Correlations and t‐tests were used to assess the relationship between moderate‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and individual risk factors and clustering of risk factors.ResultsThese Yakut were physically active, with 54.4% spending at least 30 min in MVPA, with men being more active than women and women having less favorable cardio‐metabolic profiles. These Yakut spent about 7.5 h in SB a day. SB was not related to cardio‐metabolic risk factors. MVPA was significantly and negatively related to waist circumference and risk factor clustering in men and the total sample. MVPA was not related to women's risk factors.ConclusionsObjectively measured physical activity was related to lower risk of cardio‐metabolic risk factor clustering within this sample of Yakut men, but not women. SB was not related to cardio‐metabolic indicators. Physical activity may contribute to a reduction in clustering of metabolic risk factors within indigenous circumpolar populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:149–156, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From Chitin to Bioactive Chitooligosaccharides and Conjugates: Access to Lipochitooligosaccharides and the TMG‐chitotriomycin
Authors: Despras Guillaume , Alix Aurélien , Urban Dominique , Vauzeilles Boris , Beau Jean‐Marie 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe direct and chemoselective N‐transacylation of peracetylated chitooligosaccharides (COSs), readily obtained from chitin, to give per‐N‐trifluoroacetyl derivatives offers an attractive route to size‐defined COSs and derived glycoconjugates. It involves the use of various acceptor building blocks and trifluoromethyl oxazoline dimer donors prepared with efficiency and highly reactive in 1,2‐trans glycosylation reactions. This method was applied to the preparation of the important symbiotic glycolipids which are highly active on plants and to the TMG‐chitotriomycin, a potent and specific inhibitor of insect, fungal, and bacterial N‐acetylglucosaminidases.
Thermal, optical, and electrical characterization of thin film coated RTV 655 bilayer system
Authors: Sabri Firouzeh , King Derek S. , Lokesh Abhi , Hatch Chris J. , Duran Randolph A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTAdhesion of thin films to hydrophobic elastomeric substrates is of particular interest in the area of flexible electronics and nano‐sensor technology. Here, nanometer‐thick Au films were deposited directly onto hydrophobic RTV 655 substrates by means of sputtering, thermal evaporation, and electroless techniques without an adhesion‐promoting layer. The bilayer system was exposed to repeat thermal cycling and changes to the surface morphology of the thin film were monitored electrically and optically. Buckle formation in the as‐deposited film was attributed to stress in the film and substrate stiffness rather than thermal coefficient mismatch between films. The Au‐RTV 655 interface was water tight and maintained a strong adhesion despite repeated thermal cycles. Sputtered and thermally evaporated carbon‐coated RTV 655 substrates were also studied in parallel for comparison. Periodic arrays of buckles formed in pre‐strained RTV 655 samples showed reproducibility in their optical properties demonstrating good adhesion between the two layers without an interfacial layer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41396.
Synthesis of macroporous polymer foams via pickering high internal phase emulsions for highly efficient 2,4,5‐trichlorophenol removal
Authors: Qu Qin , Pan Jianming , Yin Yijie , Wu Runrun , Shi Weidong , Yan Yongsheng , Dai Xiaohui 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTMacroporous polymers foams (MPFs) were prepared by W/O Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) stabilized by oleic acid (OA) modified silica nanoparticles (SPs), and then as‐prepared MPFs were applied to highly efficient adsorption of 2,4,5‐trichlorophenol (TCP). The characterization demonstrated that MPFs possessed macropore (50–150 μm) and interconnected pores (0.5–2 μm), and also had slightly hydrophobic nature (contact angle was 116°) and excellent thermal stability especially bellow 200°C. The influence of pH value, temperature, initial concentration, and contact time for the batch mode adsorption process was investigated, and the results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity and equilibrium time at 25°C were 167.7 mg g−1 and 30 min, respectively. Moreover, the experimental data indicate that equilibrium isotherms for TCP fitted to the non‐linear Langmuir model, and both the adsorption and desorption kinetics can be represented by the pseudo‐second‐order model. The possible adsorption mechanism was considered to be the dispersion and hydrophobic interaction, simultaneously. The regeneration of the MPFs for one cycle was 94%. The results above strongly proved that this method reached the effect of highly efficient TCP removal. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41430.
Toughening effects of interleaved nylon veils on glass fabric/low‐styrene‐emission unsaturated polyester resin composites
Authors: O'Donovan Kieran , Ray Dipa , McCarthy Michael A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of using interleaved nylon veils to increase the interlaminar toughness of glass fiber reinforced, low‐styrene emission unsaturated polyester resin composites has been investigated. Samples were manufactured by a hand lay‐up technique followed by compression moulding. Nylon 66 veils were used, with the veil content varying from 0% to 4% by weight. Double cantilever beam, short beam shear, and three point bend tests were performed. The increasing levels of nylon veil content improved the interlaminar toughness of the composites, which was characterized by critical strain energy release rate (GIC). The maximum GIC for crack propagation of a nylon interleaved composite increased by almost 170% over the baseline glass fiber reinforced composite. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis revealed an increase in the damping parameter of up to 117%. Image analysis via Digital Image Correlation and Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed increased fiber bridging between adjacent plies as a key reason for these improvements. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41462.
Economic Cooperation in the Asia‐Pacific and the Global Trading System
Authors: Armstrong Shiro 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe global trading system has underpinned huge growth in trade and the integration of economies that have signed on to it, whether they are political allies or not—none more so than in the Asia‐Pacific region. It has prevented political disputes between Japan and China adversely affecting trade and investment flows between the two countries. The World Trade Organisation continues to play an important role. This is evidenced by the number of countries still willing to join the organisation, its record in keeping markets open during crises and the effectiveness of the dispute settlement mechanism. Yet the global trading system faces challenges. The rules and agenda, as well as the single undertaking mode of negotiations, are not effective or relevant to commerce in the twenty‐first century. The shift to mega‐regional agreements further undermines its primacy. A weakened global trading system could also have negative spillovers for political relations between countries.
A Proposal to Integrate Price Mechanisms into International Climate Negotiations
Authors: McKibbin Warwick , Morris Adele , Wilcoxen Peter 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change continue their efforts to forge a new binding international agreement by 2015. This article proposes to adapt international negotiations to allow for hybrid price and quantity‐based commitments. The economic risks surrounding target‐only commitments—the current approach—are enormous. Combining a clear cumulative emissions target with price‐based limits on the cost associated with achieving that target would reduce those risks, ensure that commitments by Parties remain feasible and reduce the chance that the agreement would collapse. Moreover, we argue that adding prices into the agreement offers transparent and verifiable assurance of the comparability of effort across countries. Finally, we also show that it is possible to calculate ‘carbon price equivalents’ of quantity‐based climate commitments in a conceptually similar way to the tariff equivalents used in international trade negotiations.
Targets and Fisheries Management in the Asia and Pacific Region
Authors: Chu Long , Kompas Tom 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMarine fisheries in the Asia and the Pacific region play an important role in global, regional and national economies. Many of the fisheries in the region are over‐exploited, both biologically and economically. We focus on the use of appropriate fishery targets, and the importance of tying those targets to management objectives to overcome the usual and unwanted negative externalities that occur in ocean fisheries, the ones that result in substantial over‐fishing. Of particular importance is the use of a maximum economic yield target for both short‐ and long‐lived species. Maximum economic yield, when combined with appropriately designed marine protected areas, or marine reserves, not only provides maximum profitability and generally larger and more ‘conservationist’ stocks of fish, but it also ensures a measure of resilience from stochastic shocks that may negatively impact the fishery. It remains the preferred target for most fisheries in the Asia and Pacific region.
Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation on Carbon‐Supported Pd Nanoparticles: Elucidating the Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Savara Aditya , Chan‐Thaw Carine E. , Rossetti Ilenia , Villa Alberto , Prati Laura 
Published: September 2014

AbstractExperiments were conducted on the liquid‐phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol over Pd nanoparticles, with the aim of determining the operative chemical reaction. Experiments were conducted in a batch reactor with para‐xylene as the solvent and continuous gas purging of the headspace. The following experimental parameters were varied: the initial benzyl alcohol concentration, the oxygen partial pressure in the headspace, and the reactor temperature. From trends in the concentration profiles and integrated production of each product, it was determined that there are two primary reaction paths: A) an alkoxy pathway leading to toluene, benzaldehyde, and benzyl ether, and B) a carbonyloxyl pathway (“neutral carboxylate”) leading to benzoic acid, benzene, and benzyl benzoate. From the mechanism elucidated, it is clear that the coverages of atomic hydrogen, atomic oxygen, and surface hydroxyls must be accounted for to achieve a complete description of the quantitative kinetics.
Key factors for biohydrogen production by dark fermentation
Authors: Clion Valentin , Dumas Christine , Collin Sophie , Ernst Barbara 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAmong biological ways of hydrogen production, the dark fermentation process gives important prospects. One of the key factors of bioreactor operation is the biogas extraction. Thus, this work gives a parametric optimization of the bioreactor as a function of the sweep gas nature and flow rate.The bacterial inoculum was activated sludge of wastewater treatment plant, which was thermally treated to inhibit the activity of hydrogenotrophic and non‐hydrogen producing micro‐organisms. The fermentation was performed in a semi‐batch bioreactor with a model substrate. Biogas was analyzed online by GC‐TCD and metabolites (volatile fatty acids and alcohols) were analyzed by GC‐FID. Kinetics parameters of hydrogen production were obtained by modelling.Increase the sweep gas (N2) flow rate in the bioreactor results in an increase of hydrogen yield and cumulative production of 35 %. In the purpose of recycling the CO2 produced by fermentation, the addition of CO2 to N2 as sweep gas gives a yield improvement from 2.10 molH2/molhexose with N2 alone, to 2.37 molH2/molhexose with a mixture of CO2:N2 (75:25). In order to reduce the amount of suspended matter in initial biomass, filtration tests show an equivalent hydrogen yield but with a higher lag time than with unfiltered biomass (30 h towards 4.4 h). The presence of hydrogen producing bacteria mainly stick with the solid part of sludge was highlighted.
Sea surface temperature datasets for climate applications from Phase 1 of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (SST CCI)
Authors: Merchant Christopher J. , Embury Owen , Roberts‐Jones Jonah , Fiedler Emma , Bulgin Claire E. , Corlett Gary K. , Good Simon , McLaren Alison , Rayner Nick , Morak‐Bozzo Simone , Donlon Craig 
Published: September 2014

Sea surface temperature (SST) datasets have been generated from satellite observations for the period 1991–2010, intended for use in climate science applications. Attributes of the datasets specifically relevant to climate applications are: first, independence from in situ observations; second, effort to ensure homogeneity and stability through the time‐series; third, context‐specific uncertainty estimates attached to each SST value; and, fourth, provision of estimates of both skin SST (the fundamental measurement, relevant to air‐sea fluxes) and SST at standard depth and local time (partly model mediated, enabling comparison with historical in situ datasets). These attributes in part reflect requirements solicited from climate data users prior to and during the project. Datasets consisting of SSTs on satellite swaths are derived from the Along‐Track Scanning Radiometers (ATSRs) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRRs). These are then used as sole SST inputs to a daily, spatially complete, analysis SST product, with a latitude‐longitude resolution of 0.05°C and good discrimination of ocean surface thermal features. A product user guide is available, linking to reports describing the datasets' algorithmic basis, validation results, format, uncertainty information and experimental use in trial climate applications. Future versions of the datasets will span at least 1982–2015, better addressing the need in many climate applications for stable records of global SST that are at least 30 years in length.