bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium binding protein expression in the optic tectum of Alligator during development
Authors: Ruan Y.‐W. , So K.‐F. , Pritz M.B. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe onset and distribution of the calcium binding proteins, calretinin, calbindin, and parvalbumin, were examined in the optic tectum of Alligator mississipiensis embryos between Stages 18 and 26–28. The immunoreactivity of each calcium binding protein correlated well with the results from the Western blot experiments. In terms of onset and distribution, calretinin expressison was the most widespread of the three calcium binding proteins that were examined, and was also the earliest to be visualized. Calbindin expression occurred next, whereas parvalbumin expression was the most limited and appeared last. For small calretinin (+) neurons, the pattern of immunoreactivity during development was from inside to outside, whereas for the larger cells, it was from outside to inside. For calbindin immunoreactive cells in the superficial zone, the pattern was from outside to inside. The distribution of the parvalbumin immunopositive neurons did not change significantly over the time period examined. Similar data on other amniotes is limited. However, the pattern in Alligator shares some similarities with kittens in regards to the distribution of calbindin and parvalbumin in the developing superior colliculus. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73: 899–910, 2013
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Attenols A and B
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Reddy Poli Adi Narayana , Reddy Yerabolu Jayasudhan , Meraj Syeda , Prasad Attaluri R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA highly stereoselective total synthesis of attenols A and B is described. The salient features of this synthesis are the utilization of a reductive radical cyclization strategy for methyl center creation, a Prins cyclization/reductive opening cascade for anti‐1,3‐diol motif generation, and a double alkylation tosylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) strategy to construct the spiro acetal segment.
Root-to-Shoot transfer and distribution of endosulfan in the wetland macrophyte Bidens laevis L.
Authors: Pérez Débora J. , Menone Mirta L. , Doucette William J. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Endosulfan is genotoxic in somatic cells of Bidens laevis, and reproduction could be affected if translocated from roots to flower buds. Hydroponic experiments were conducted to quantify this transfer. While the root uptake of [14C] endosulfan and its transfer to aboveground tissues was relatively low, the resulting average flower bud concentration (1.01 ± 0.76 ng/g) after 30 d of exposure to an aqueous concentration of 5 μg/L could still represent a genotoxic risk for germ cells. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2478–2481. © 2013 SETAC
The sedimentary record of a Mesoproterozoic tsunami from the North China Craton
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ni , Zhang Mei‐Sheng , Li Xiao‐Bo , Yang Ming 
Published: August 2013

A layer of Mesoproterozoic tsunami deposits from the North China Craton was recently discovered and investigated in the Xingcheng area, Liaoning Province, China. They occur at the bottom of the Dahongyu Formation of the Changcheng Group (1.8–1.6 Ga). The tsunami deposits are identified based on the analysis of the sedimentary facies. They are markedly different from the normal deposits of shore‐shallow sea siliciclastics, and are characterized by rip‐up clasts, poorly sorted gravels, fining‐upward sequences, redeposited underlying materials, complex sources of underlying strata and erosional bases at the bottom of beds. They are compelling features of tsunamiites when they occur together.During the Mesoproterozoic, the Xingcheng area was in an active tectonic belt, the Yanshan Taphrogenic Trough. The origin of the tsunami was probably triggered by the earthquake, which resulted from the the activities of the Luanxian–Jianchang Fault in early Mesoproterozoic times. The deposition of tsunamiites occurred in a coastal environment and involved several stages, from the origin, propagation, inundation, and deposition to the backwash flow. The geodynamic backgrounds of the tsunami event in the North China Craton are consistent with the breakup event of the Columbia supercontinent in the Mesoproterozoic. Some events, such as tsunamis and volcanism, are all controlled by extensional rift systems and should be recognized as effects of the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent in the North China Craton. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Art and the brain: a view from dementia
Authors: Gretton Cosima , ffytche Dominic H. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveArt making encompasses a range of perceptual and cognitive functions involving widely distributed brain systems. The dementias impact on these systems in different ways, raising the possibility that each dementia has a unique artistic signature.DesignHere we use a review of the visual art of 14 artists with dementia (five Alzheimer's disease, seven fronto‐temporal dementia and two dementia with Lewy bodies) to further our understanding of the neurobiological constituents of art production and higher artistic function.ResultsArtists with Alzheimer's disease had prominent changes in spatial aspects of their art and attributes of colour and contrast. These qualities were preserved in the art of fronto‐temporal dementia, which was characterised by perseverative themes and a shift towards realistic representation. The art of dementia with Lewy Bodies was characterised by simple, bizarre content.ConclusionsThe limitations of using visual aspects of individual artworks to infer the impact of dementia on art production are discussed with the need for a wider perspective encompassing changes in cognition, emotion, creativity and artistic personality. A novel classificatory scheme is presented to help characterise neural mechanisms of higher artistic functions in future studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The hard Test Your Memory. Evaluation of a short cognitive test to detect mild Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Brown Jeremy M. , Wiggins Julie , Dong Huan , Harvey Rebecca , Richardson Frances , Hunter Kristina , Dawson Kate , Parker Richard A. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is the evaluation of a novel cognitive test, the hard Test Your Memory (H‐TYM), in the detection of mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).MethodsThis paper uses a prospective study in an outpatient memory clinic. We recruited 97 patients with a diagnosis of mild AD or aMCI aged between 50 and 80 years. All scored 20 or more on the mini mental state examination (MMSE). We recruited 200 controls from a similar background. The patients were given a novel short cognitive test (H‐TYM) designed to test recall of newly learnt visual and verbal material together with the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Assessment Revised, MMSE, and TYM test.ResultsAlzheimer's disease/aMCI patients completed the H‐TYM with an average recall score of 6.69 (SD 3.45); control participants scored an average of 20.4 (SD 4.54). The H‐TYM detected 95% of cases of mild AD/aMCI on the basis of an optimum cutoff point. The area under the receiver operating characteristic for the H‐TYM ratio was calculated to be 0.989 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.980–0.997.ConclusionsThe H‐TYM test has an excellent ability to discriminate between AD/aMCI cases and healthy controls. The H‐TYM is a useful tool for the detection of mild AD/aMCI, and it detects AD/aMCI in the majority of patients who “pass” the MMSE and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Assessment Revised. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age, gender, and education are associated with cognitive performance in an older Israeli sample with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Guerrero‐Berroa Elizabeth , Ravona‐Springer Ramit , Schmeidler James , Silverman Jeremy M. , Sano Mary , Koifmann Keren , Preiss Rachel , Hoffman Hadas , Heymann Anthony , Schnaider Beeri Michal 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationships of age, education, and gender with performance on neuropsychological tests in a cognitively intact, older Israeli sample with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsWe examined 862 participants, 65–84 years old, enrolled in the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline study. Multiple regression assessed associations of performance on 17 neuropsychological tests, including the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological battery, with age, education, and gender.ResultsHigher education and younger age were consistently associated with better performance. Women outperformed men on all memory tasks; men outperformed women on two non‐verbal measures. These patterns of demographic associations with cognitive performance were very similar to those of US cohorts.ConclusionsIn a cognitively intact, older Israeli sample with T2D, better test performance is associated primarily with higher education, followed by younger age and gender differences. Although T2D is associated with cognitive deficits, it recapitulates the patterns of relationships between cognitive performance and demographic characteristics seen in non‐T2D diabetic samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery of a gliding salt‐detached megaslide, Calabria, Ionian Sea, Italy
Authors: Minelli Liliana , Billi Andrea , Faccenna Claudio , Gervasi Anna , Guerra Ignazio , Orecchio Barbara , Speranza Giulio 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntegrating seismic reflection profiles, well logs, and field evidence with GPS velocities from a network installed in Calabria, southern Italy, we have discovered that the Crotone basin is gliding toward the Ionian Sea over a buried viscous salt layer. This previously unknown megaslide (~1000 km2) is characterized by an onshore updip extensional domain and an offshore downdip toe‐thrust rim. The GPS velocity from the Crotone station is significantly higher than velocities from other stations in the region and differently oriented. We ascribe at least part of the anomalous GPS velocity from the Crotone station to the seaward motion of the megaslide or part of it. From the GPS velocity and other evidence, we obtain a viscosity of the buried salt layer within the known range of rock salt viscosity in nature.
Distributional change of monthly precipitation due to climate change: comprehensive examination of dataset in southeastern United States
Authors: Wang Hui , Killick Rebecca , Fu Xiang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA number of watersheds are selected from the Hydro‐Climate Data Network over southeastern United States to examine possible changes in hydrological time series, e.g. precipitation, introduced by changing climate. Possible changes in monthly precipitation are examined by three different methods to detect second order stationarity, abrupt changes in the variance and smooth changes in quantiles of the time series. An analysis of second order stationarity shows that precipitation in eight of the 56 watersheds display nonstationary behaviour. Change‐point analyses reveal that changes in the long‐term variance of monthly precipitation are only detected for a few sites. As a complementary analysis tool, quantile regression aims to detect potential changes of different percentiles of the monthly precipitation over time. Several sites show diverging trends in the quantiles, which implies that the range and thus variance of the data, is increasing. As distinct change‐points are not identified, this suggests that the effect is small and cumulative. Results are analysed in detail, and possible explanations are provided. This type of thorough analysis provides a basis for understanding the possible redistribution of water cycle. It also provides implications for water resources management and hydrological engineering facility design and planning. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interleukin‐17A Stimulates Migration of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Via p38 MAPK/NF‐κB ‐Dependent MMP‐1 Expression
Authors: Wu Yan , Zhu Lingxin , Liu Lingshuang , Zhang Jie , Peng Bin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractInterleukin‐17 (IL‐17) is a cytokine secreted predominantly by Th17 cells. Although IL‐17 is primarily associated with the induction of tissue inflammation, the other biological functions of IL‐17, including its wound‐healing functions, have yet to be thoroughly explored. Fibroblast proliferation and migration play essential roles in periodontal wound‐healing responses. In this study, we report that IL‐17A can increase the migration and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 in human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts but has no effect on PDL fibroblast proliferation. IL‐17A‐induced MMP‐1 expression led to cell migration, which was attenuated by pre‐treatment with IL‐17 receptor neutralizing antibody and small interfering RNA (siRNA) for MMP‐1. The IL‐17A‐induced cell migration was also attenuated by its tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1. In addition, a p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor (SB203580) inhibited IL‐17A‐induced increase of the migration and MMP‐1 upregulation of PDL fibroblasts. The involvement of p38 MAPK in IL‐17A‐induced MMP‐1 expression and cell migration was further confirmed by transfection of p38α siRNA. A nuclear factor kappaB (NF‐κB) inhibitor (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) also suppressed the cell migration and MMP‐1 expression enhanced by IL‐17A. Moreover, transfection with p38α siRNA inhibited IL‐17A‐induced NF‐κB nuclear translocation as well as NF‐κB binding activity. Our results suggest that IL‐17A enhances the migration of PDL fibroblasts by increasing MMP‐1 expression through the IL‐17 receptor, p38 MAPK, and NF‐κB signal transduction pathways. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 292–299, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emerging Roles of microRNA in Modulating Cell‐Death Processes in Malignant Glioma
Authors: Palumbo Silvia , Miracco Clelia , Pirtoli Luigi , Comincini Sergio 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate protein expression by cleaving or repressing the translation of target mRNAs. In mammals, their function mainly represses the mRNA transcripts via imperfect complementary sequences in the 3′UTR of target mRNAs. Several miRNAs have been recently reported to be involved in modulation of different genes in tumors, including glioblastoma, the most frequent brain tumor in adults. Despite the improvements in treatments, survival of patients remains poor, and glioblastoma is one of the most lethal form of human cancer. To define novel strategies against this tumor, emerging research investigated miRNAs involvement in glioblastoma. In particular, this review is focused on miRNAs involved on the two principal programmed cell‐death, apoptosis and autophagy, recently described from the literature. Moreover, the discovery of miRNAs role in glioma cell‐death pathways has also revealed a new category of therapeutic targets, fundamental for this kind of tumor. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 277–286, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantification of three‐dimensional folding using fluvial terraces: A case study from the Mushi anticline, northern margin of the Chinese Pamir
Authors: Li Tao , Chen Jie , Thompson Jessica A. , Burbank Douglas W. , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFold deformation in three dimensions involves shortening, uplift, and lateral growth. Fluvial terraces represent strain markers that have been widely applied to constrain a fold's shortening and uplift. For the lateral growth, however, the utility of fluvial terraces has been commonly ignored. Situated along northern margin of Chinese Pamir, the Mushi anticline preserves, along its northern flank, flights of passively deformed fluvial terraces that can be used to constrain three‐dimensional folding history, especially lateral growth. The Mushi anticline is a geometrically simple fault‐tip fold with a total shortening of 740 ± 110 m and rock uplift of ~1300 m. Geologic and geomorphic mapping and dGPS surveys reveal that terrace surfaces perpendicular to the fold's strike display increased rotation with age, implying the fold grows by progressive limb rotation. We use a pure‐shear fault‐tip fold model to estimate a uniform shortening rate of 1.5 + 1.3/−0.5 mm/a and a rock‐uplift rate of 2.3 + 2.1/−0.8 mm/a. Parallel to the fold's strike, longitudinal profiles of terrace surfaces also display age‐dependent increases in slopes. We present a new model to distinguish lateral growth mechanisms (lateral lengthening and/or rotation above a fixed tip). This model indicates that eastward lengthening of the Mushi anticline ceased by at least ~134 ka and its lateral growth has been dominated by rotation. Our study confirms that terrace deformation along a fold's strike not only can constrain the lateral lengthening rate but can serve to quantify the magnitude and rate of lateral rotation: attributes that are commonly difficult to define when relying on other geomorphic criteria.
Seasonal variations of Asian black carbon outflow to the Pacific: Contribution from anthropogenic sources in China and biomass burning sources in Siberia and Southeast Asia
Authors: Matsui H. , Koike M. , Kondo Y. , Oshima N. , Moteki N. , Kanaya Y. , Takami A. , Irwin M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe Community Multiscale Air Quality model with a source and process tagged method (CMAQ/PASCAL) was used to understand source regions and types (anthropogenic (AN) and biomass burning (BB)) of Asian black carbon (BC) outflow to the Pacific during 2008–2010. The model simulations generally reproduced absolute concentrations and temporal (seasonal, monthly, and day‐to‐day) variations of BC mass concentrations, observed by both surface and aircraft measurements in outflow regions in East Asia. These model simulations show that both the total eastward flux and transport efficiency (fractions transported from sources) of BC are highest during spring (26 kg s−1 and 33% at 150°E) and lowest during summer (8 kg s−1 and 20% at 150°E). These seasonal variations of Asian BC outflow are generally controlled by transport patterns (monsoons, frontal passages, and convection) and emissions from the following three sources: (1) AN emissions from China (China AN), (2) BB emissions from Southeast Asia and South China (SEA BB) during February–April, and (3) BB emissions from Siberia and Kazakhstan (Siberia BB) during April–July. In our simulations, China AN dominates the total eastward BC flux on a 3 year average (61%, 17%, and 6% from China AN, Siberia BB, and SEA BB, respectively, at 150°E). In contrast, SEA and Siberia BB account for 30–50% of the total eastward BC flux (150°E and 175°E) during spring and summer, and they increase the seasonal variability of the Asian BC outflow flux. BC from Siberia BB is also found to be transported to the Pacific more efficiently than BC from other sources. Although the magnitudes of BB emissions are highly uncertain, our results suggest that the control of Siberia BB will be important in terms of the transboundary transport of BC to the Pacific, North America, and the Arctic.
High‒degree gravity models from GRAIL primary mission data
Authors: Lemoine Frank G. , Goossens Sander , Sabaka Terence J. , Nicholas Joseph B. , Mazarico Erwan , Rowlands David D. , Loomis Bryant D. , Chinn Douglas S. , Caprette Douglas S. , Neumann Gregory A. , Smith David E. , Zuber Maria T. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe have analyzed Ka‒band range rate (KBRR) and Deep Space Network (DSN) data from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) primary mission (1 March to 29 May 2012) to derive gravity models of the Moon to degree 420, 540, and 660 in spherical harmonics. For these models, GRGM420A, GRGM540A, and GRGM660PRIM, a Kaula constraint was applied only beyond degree 330. Variance‒component estimation (VCE) was used to adjust the a priori weights and obtain a calibrated error covariance. The global root‒mean‒square error in the gravity anomalies computed from the error covariance to 320×320 is 0.77 mGal, compared to 29.0 mGal with the pre‒GRAIL model derived with the SELENE mission data, SGM150J, only to 140×140. The global correlations with the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter‒derived topography are larger than 0.985 between ℓ=120 and 330. The free‒air gravity anomalies, especially over the lunar farside, display a dramatic increase in detail compared to the pre‒GRAIL models (SGM150J and LP150Q) and, through degree 320, are free of the orbit‒track‒related artifacts present in the earlier models. For GRAIL, we obtain an a posteriori fit to the S‒band DSN data of 0.13 mm/s. The a posteriori fits to the KBRR data range from 0.08 to 1.5 μm/s for GRGM420A and from 0.03 to 0.06 μm/s for GRGM660PRIM. Using the GRAIL data, we obtain solutions for the degree 2 Love numbers, k20=0.024615±0.0000914, k21=0.023915±0.0000132, and k22=0.024852±0.0000167, and a preliminary solution for the k30 Love number of k30=0.00734±0.0015, where the Love number error sigmas are those obtained with VCE.
Surface scattering properties at the Opportunity Mars rover's traverse region measured by CRISM
Authors: Shaw Amy , Wolff M. J. , Seelos F. P. , Wiseman S. M. , Cull S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe Opportunity Rover has been exploring Meridiani Planum; concurrently, the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) has been collecting orbital hyperspectral data. Herein, both surface and orbital data are used to characterize surface properties at the Opportunity traverse region around Victoria crater. Results agree with previous studies, which used Opportunity's Panoramic Camera (Pancam) data, and the current study extends estimates of the Hapke single‐particle‐scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter to a greater spatial and spectral range. Results are useful for determining boundaries between surface units that otherwise look relatively uniform spectrally. This work also provides photometric functions essential for converting spectra to a single viewing geometry to yield more accurate spectral comparisons. Retrieved single‐scattering albedos range from 0.42 to 0.57 (0.5663–2.2715 micrometers) and retrieved asymmetry parameters range from −0.27 to −0.17 (moderately backscattering). Surfaces become more backscattering with increasing wavelength above 1 µm. The majority of Victoria crater's ejecta apron is more backscattering than surrounding regions, indicating a change in physical properties. Images taken when the rover traversed this unit show a cover of basaltic soil with superposed millimeter‐scale hematitic spherules. Wind streaks on the apron appear smooth (low backscatter) because basaltic sands have partly buried spherules, lessening millimeter‐scale roughness. CRISM‐derived scattering parameters also show that bedrock‐dominated surfaces are less backscattering than soil‐covered surfaces, largely due to lower areal abundance of spherules. The ability to analyze surface unit spherule cover is important because it relates to a wetter period during which spherules formed in Meridiani.