bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocorrosion of Bacterial Inoculation on the API X52 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Amaya M. , Reyes-Martínez V. L. , Romero J. M. , Martinez L. , Perez R. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe role of the initial bacterial inoculates on the biocorrosion of API X52 pipeline steel coupons was evaluated by electrochemical noise technique. The experiments were performed under laboratory conditions using an aerobic bacteria identified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Inoculations in the interval strain of 1x104 – 1x108 CFU/ml were evaluated. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) analysis was carried out to evaluate the corrosive effects induced on the API X52 electrodes. The results show that all corroded surfaces show sites of localized corrosion, however, the density of de sites of localized corrosion have different grades depending of the initial inoculation used during the experiments. The maximum density sites of localized corrosion were obtained in the experiments with 1x105 CFU/ml. From inoculates of 1x106 CFU/ml the density sites of localized corrosion diminished constantly. The results show that with inoculates over 1x106 CFU/ml, the oxygen demand for the bacterial strain limits the presence of oxygen available into the metallic surface to maintain the corrosion reactions. The results were supported by the EDX analysis of the corrosion products formed on the metallic surfaces where the oxygen peaks diminished as the bacterial inoculation increases.
Chemical Characterization of a Mineral Deposit of Economic Interest
Authors: Cerecedo E. , Rodríguez V. , Andrade P.D. , Salinas E. , Hernández J. , Arenas A. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTChemical and structural characterization of four representative samples of an ore deposit located in the eastern of Hidalgo State was carried out. According with the results, it could be appreciate some areas showing silicified zones with abundant amounts of disseminated pyrites that are part of a rock unit from early Jurassic consisting in inter - bedded black shales and sandstones. Thus, the contents of base metal were greater than 30 ppm Zn and 9 ppm Cu. Chemical analysis of rock gave the following results; 82 ppm of Ba, 1.64 % Wt. Fe, 0.08 % Wt. Ti, 40.8 % Wt. Si, 20 ppm of Ce, 2.2 ppm Co, 30 ppm Cr, 2.7 ppm Cs, 0.9 ppm Er, 2.5 ppm Ga, 1.6 ppm Gd , 1.5 ppm Ge, 9 ppm La, 71 ppm Li, 104 ppm Mn, 10 ppm Nd , 17 ppm Rb, 2 ppm Se, 9 ppm Sr, 10 ppm Ta, 6 ppm Te, 28 ppm V, 9 ppm Y, and 0.7 ppm Yb, among others. Finally, the values found for precious metals, were; Au < 0.02 ppm, Pd <0.05 ppm, Pt <0.05 ppm. It was inferred that the low content of base metals in outcrop studied, are due to the alteration of the black shales. According to these results, we can consider a stratiform – type mineralization of Pb-Zn which could be prospective for SEDEX – Type deposit. By means of XRD, it was possible to identify; pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and minor amounts of sphalerite and Co -Ni arsenide.
Systematic Study on the Remote Triggering of Thermo-Responsive Hydrogels Using RF Heating of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Denmark Daniel , Mukherjee Devajyoti , Bradley Janae , Witanachchi Sarath , Mukherjee Pritish 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, a systematic study on the factors that influence the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) solutions during remote radiofrequency (RF) heating, using Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is reported. A series of PNIPAM solutions with varying concentrations of Fe3O4 MNPs were prepared and characterized using transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Preliminary studies showed the highest specific absorption rate (SAR) for 15 nm sized Fe3O4 MNPs, which monotonically decreased as the MNP sizes increased to 20-30 nm. In-situ transmission measurements were used to determine the LCST of PNIPAM under various aqueous concentrations with dispersed Fe3O4 MNPs. A systematic decrease in the LCST from 34 °C to 31 °C was observed as the concentration of PNIPAM was increased from 0.3 wt. % to 1.0 wt. %, keeping the concentration of Fe3O4 MNPs constant. On the other hand, varying the concentrations of the MNPs did not drastically affect the LCSTs of PNIPAM solutions. However, varying the ion concentration of the PNIPAM solutions by adding adjusted KOH pellets, showed a pronounced lowering of the LCST by 2-3 °C at all PNIPAM concentrations. The remote triggering of phase transitions in PNIPAM solutions by raising the temperature above the LCST using Fe3O4 MNPs as reported here is important in targeted drug-delivery applications using thermo-responsive polymers.
Temperature induced degradation of InAlGaN multiple-quantum well UV-B LEDs
Authors: Glaab Johannes , Ploch Christian , Kelz Rico , Stölmacker Christoph , Lapeyrade Mickael , Ploch Neysha Lobo , Rass Jens , Kolbe Tim , Einfeldt Sven , Mehnke Frank , Kuhn Christian , Wernicke Tim , Weyers Markus , Kneissl Michael 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe reliability of InAlGaN multiple quantum well LEDs emitting around 308 nm has been investigated. The UV-B LEDs were stressed at constant current and current density, while the heat sink temperature was varied between 15°C and 80°C. The results reveal two different modes of the decrease of the optical power during aging. First, a fast reduction of the optical power within the first 100 h (mode 1) can be observed, followed by a slower degradation for operation times >100 h (mode 2). Mode 1 can be described as an initial degradation activation process which saturates after a certain time, whereas the second degradation mode can be described by a square-root time dependence of the optical power, suggesting a diffusion process to be involved. Both degradation modes are accompanied by changes of the I-V characteristic, particularly the reverse-bias leakage current and the drive voltage. Furthermore, the degradation behavior is strongly influenced by the temperature. Both, the maximum reduction of the optical power and the increase of the leakage current become stronger at higher temperatures.
Cervical Cancer Screening Among Adult Women in China, 2010
Authors: Wang Baohua , He Minfu , Chao Ann , Engelgau Michael M. , Saraiya Mona , Wang Limin , Wang Linhong 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Introduction.
Cervical cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among women in China. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends routine screening for cervical cancer, and the WHO Global Monitoring Framework suggests that every nation monitors cervical cancer screening. However, little information is available on cervical cancer screening behavior among women in China.

Methods.
We used data from the 2010 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance System that included 51,989 women aged 18 years and older. We report the proportion of women who reported ever having had a Papanicolaou (Pap) test, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics and geographic region. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to adjust for potential confounders.

Results.
Overall, 21% of 51,989 women reported having ever had a Pap test. The highest proportion was reported among women aged 30–39 years (30.1%, 95% confidence interval, 26.8%–33.4%). In all geographic regions, women in rural areas were consistently less likely than women in urban areas to report having had a Pap test. Among women who reported ever having a Pap test, 82% reported having the most recent test in the past 3 years. Factors associated with reporting ever having a test were being aged 30–49 years, higher education, being married, and having urban health insurance.

Conclusion.
Our results indicate that screening programs need to be strengthened along with a more intense focus on specific demographic groups. National cervical cancer screening guidelines and comprehensive implementation strategies are needed to make screening services available and accessible to all women.

Implications for Practice:
This study is the largest nationwide and population-based assessment of self-reported history of Pap test for cervical cancer screening in China. This article describes cervical cancer screening behavior among women and examines key demographic and geographic factors. Only one fifth of Chinese women reported having ever had a Pap test for cervical cancer screening. The results highlight the urgent need to develop national cervical cancer screening guidelines and strategies that make screening services widely available, accessible, and acceptable to all women, especially to those who reside in rural areas and those with no health insurance.
Choice of Starting Dose for Biopharmaceuticals in First-in-Human Phase I Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Hansen Aaron R. , Cook Natalie , Ricci M. Stacey , Razak Albiruni , Le Tourneau Christophe , McKeever Kathleen , Roskos Lorin , Dixit Rakesh , Siu Lillian L. , Hinrichs Mary Jane 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background.
First-in-human (FIH) trials of low-molecular-weight anticancer agents conventionally derive a safe start dose (SD) from one-tenth the severely toxic dose in 10% of rodents or one-sixth the highest nonseverely toxic dose (HNSTD) in nonrodent species. No consensus has been reached on whether this paradigm can be safely applied to biotechnology-derived products (BDPs).

Materials and Methods.
A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all BDPs (excluding immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody drug conjugates) with sufficient nonclinical and clinical data to assess the safety of hypothetical use of one-sixth HNSTD in an advanced cancer FIH trial.

Results.
The search identified 23 BDPs, of which 21 were monoclonal antibodies. The median ratio of the maximum tolerated or maximum administered dose (MTD or MAD) to the actual FIH SD was 36 (range, 8–500). Only 2 BDPs reached the MTD. Hypothetical use of one-sixth HNSTD (allometrically scaled to humans) would not have exceeded the MTD or MAD for all 23 BDPs and would have reduced the median ratio of the MTD or MAD to a SD to 6.1 (range, 3.5–55.3). Pharmacodynamic (PD) markers were included in some animal toxicology studies and were useful to confirm the hypothetical SD of one-sixth HNSTD.

Conclusion.
One-sixth HNSTD would not have resulted in unacceptable toxicities in the data available. Supporting its use could reduce the number of dose escalations needed to reach the recommended dose. A low incidence of toxicities in animals and humans underscores the need to identify the pharmacokinetic and PD parameters to guide SD selection of BDPs for FIH cancer trials.

Implications for Practice:
Start dose (SD) for biotechnology-derived products (BDPs) can be safely derived from one-sixth the highest nonseverely toxic dose in nonrodent species and may reduce the number of dose escalations needed to reach the recommended dose in first-in-human studies while limiting unnecessary exposure to high drug levels in humans. The use of this type of SD could improve the design of phase I studies of BDPs by making them more efficient. The role of preclinical pharmacodynamic markers was useful in confirming the hypothetical SD, and attempts should be explored in future animal studies to identify such parameters.
The Collapse of the Ottoman andHabsburg Empires and the Brutalisationof the Successor States
Authors: Gerwarth Robert , Üngör Uğur Ümit 
Published: May 2015

The Collapse of the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires and the Brutalisation of the Successor States This essay explores the interconnected issues of demobilisation and brutalisation in the collapsing Habsburg and Ottoman empires in the period immediately after 1918. Post-imperial Austria, Hungary and Turkey witnessed the emergence of sizeable paramilitary subcultures that were shaped by the successive traumatising experiences of war, defeat, territorial disintegration, occupation, and revolution – nationalist or socialist. Members of these subcultures fed on a doctrine of ethnic nationalism and shared a determination to use violence in order to suppress real or alleged internal enemies and to avenge their perceived humiliations resulting from military defeat. Ex-officers brutalised by wars and infuriated by their outcomes joined forces with, and transmitted their «values» to, members of a younger generation, who compensated for their lack of combat experience by often surpassing the war veterans in terms of radicalism, activism and brutality. Together the veterans and members of the «war youth generation» formed ultra-militant milieux that differed from the «community of the trenches» in their social make-up, their «liberation» from the constraints of military discipline, and their self-imposed post-war mission of destroying external and internal enemies.
Violence in Defence of Empire: The British Armyand the 1919 Egyptian Revolution
Authors: Kitchen James E. 
Published: May 2015

Violence in Defence of Empire: The British Army and the 1919 Egyptian Revolution The Egyptian revolution of spring 1919 posed a serious challenge to British imperial rule in the wake of the First World War, and has traditionally been examined solely through political, diplomatic and economic lenses. Within these approaches the counter-revolutionary response of the British colonial state, principally involving the use of military force, has been ignored. The British military campaign to suppress the 1919 Egyptian revolution was one of the most significant and violent operations launched to contain anti-colonial nationalist unrest during the 1919–1922 «crisis of empire» period. This article addresses the general development of the campaign to end the revolutionary upheaval and focuses in on two case studies to examine how British army units, often isolated from assistance, dealt with unrest. The violent nature of the campaign to suppress the revolution highlights the flexible and context specific nature of British imperial policing as it developed after 1918, and challenges assumptions on the «minimum necessary force» approach that has come to characterise Britain's small colonial wars of the twentieth century.
Analysis of acoustic-prosodic features of spontaneous expressive speech
Authors: Ishi Carlos Toshinori , Campbell Nick 
Published: May 2015

A análise de características acústico-prosódicas foi conduzida em umbanco de dados de fala espontânea, com o propósito de construirum sintetizador de fala capaz de sintetizar uma fala expressiva, ouseja, vários estilos de fala. Os estilos de fala foram categorizadosde acordo com os seguintes itens: estado emocional percebido(neutro, preocupado, contente, insatisfeito, bravo, cansado, etc.);atitude com respeito ao ouvinte (grau de polidez, gentileza,consideração); atitude com respeito ao conteúdo da fala (grau deconfiança, envolvimento, interesse); qualidade da voz (energia, brilho,dureza). As seguintes características acústicas foram analisadas: F0 e RMS (relacionados à altura e à intensidade da voz), terceiro equarto formantes (F3 e F4, relacionados com o comprimento dotrato vocal, e podem estar correlacionados com o grau de extensãodos lábios), e quociente de amplitude (AQ – “amplitude quocient”,relacionado com o tipo de fonação da voz). Análise de componentesprincipais e coeficientes de correlação foram usados para avaliaros dados. Os resultados indicaram correlação entre algumascategorias do estilo da fala e da qualidade de voz, por exemplo,energia e envolvimento, brilho e interesse, gentileza e dureza.Correlações significativas foram obtidas entre qualidade de voz ecaracterísticas acústico-prosódicas. Valores médios de F0, RMS, AQe F4 foram encontrados como sendo os parâmetros mais influentesna qualidade de voz, indicando que uma combinação destascaracterísticas acústicas pode, possivelmente, ser usada para predizerqualidades de voz.
A identificação fonêmica do discurso de estudantes brasileiros na língua russa
Authors: Castro Tanira 
Published: May 2015

The Portuguese language, in the discourse of Brazilians, has specificfeatures that are manifest in a more evident form in its lexis andphonetics, which allows us to speak, therefore, of a BrazilianPortuguese. Leaving aside the discussion of the status of BrazilianPortuguese, we must take into consideration the indisputably broadvariability of its phonetic system, which is due not only to linguisticbut also to sociolinguistic factors, which, in their turn, cannot buthave an influence on the phonetic formation of Brazilian discourseduring, for example, the learning of the Russian language (RL).Besides, the written form of some letters, both in Portuguese andRussian, causes not only phonetic but also graphic-phoneticinterference to arise whether during reading, writing, or oral discourse. The specifics of the native language of Brazilians istransferred to the discourse in the RL, mainly during the initialstage of learning. Research on the phonetic interference of thediscourse of Brazilians who study the RL, is still in the early phase,but, even so, through the experimental results already obtained,we can speak of the specific and universal features of itsmanifestation. A priori, these violations have an orthoepic andorthophonic character, for they have a lot to do with the differentialand integral criteria of the phonemes, since these violations mayoccur because of the specific distributive and phonotactical relationsof the languages in question. The sources of the errors can besubjectively defined by the manner in which the learner assimilaresand perceives the physical and linguistic functions of both languages.Both in written and oral discourse, the action of graphic-phoneticinterference is observed.
Reconhecimento de palavras reais e de não-palavras em crianças de 1a a 4a série: uma tarefa de decisão lexical
Authors: Pinheiro Ângela Maria V. , Costa Anna Edith B. da , Justi Francis Ricardo R. 
Published: May 2015

This paper describes the results of a lexical decision task whichwas applied to groups of children in 1st – 4th grades. The mainobjective was to obtain preliminary measurements on which tobase the development of a final version of the same type of task,to be included in the computerized evaluation tool AVACLE (cognitive assessment of reading and writing abilities), already inthe final stage of development by Pinheiro and collaborators. 68children were presented individually with a mixed list of wordsand non-words and instructed to press the Yes-key for words andthe No-key for non-words. Decision reaction time (DRT) and errorpercentage were recorded. As expected, words were recognisedmore rapidly than non-words for all grades. In terms of error, thislexical effect was only significant for 3rd graders. The frequencyeffect was significant for both DRT and accuracy only for 2nd gradersand on DRT for 1st and 3rd graders. The results show how theorthographic lexicon develops, and are discussed according to theinformation processing approach. The test proved to be efficientand, with minimal modifications, will be used as part of the finalversion of the AVACLE evaluation tool.
Antecipações da metáfora cotidiana nas concepções de Hans Blumenberg e Harald Weinrich
Authors: Schröder Ulrike 
Published: May 2015

Com seu livro Metaphors we live by, lançado em 1980, Lakoff & Johnson introduzem a Teoria Cognitiva das Metáforas, na qual metáforas não são percebidas mais de forma isolada como um fenômeno exclusivo de língua, mas, sim, como uma expressão de estruturas conceptuais e de capacidades cognitivas que servem como base para nossa construção da realidade de forma mais ampla. Não obstante, concepções que destacam essas funções prescritiva, performativa e explorativa da metáfora já se encontram de modo explícito na metaforologia do filósofo Hans Blumenberg bem como na teoria dos campos de imagem do lingüista Harald Weinrich. Será ilustrado até que ponto essas duas concepções já antecipam, em boa parte, a Teoria Cognitiva das Metáforas.
Communication Strategies and Proficiency Levels in L2 Speech Production: a systematic relationship
Authors: Prebianca Gicele Vergine Vieira 
Published: May 2015

Este estudo investiga a relação entre o uso de Estratégias deComunicação (EC) e o nível de proficiência dos aprendizes de língua estrangeira. Para isso, três amostras de fala de 30 aprendizes de inglês como língua estrangeira foram coletadas em um período correspondente a um semestre letivo. Os participantes foram divididos em três grupos de 10 aprendizes cada, de acordo com três diferentes níveis de proficiência: pré-intermediário, intermediário e avançado. Três narrativas orais foram utilizadas para elicitar a produção oral dos aprendizes, em três sessões de coleta de dados conduzidas com um mês de intervalo entre uma e outra.Os dados foram analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente, seguindo a classificação de EC proposta por Dörnyei e Kormos (1998). Os resultados revelaram que um grupo comum de EC foi sistematicamente utilizado com uma alta frequência de ocorrência, em todas as sessões de coleta de dados e em todos os três níveis de proficiência analisados.
Referenciação e construção de sentido: uma análise de formas nominais de implicação anafórica no tratamento jornalístico on-line a um objeto-dediscurso específico
Authors: Silva Nívea Rohling da 
Published: May 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma análise de formas nominaisde implicação anafórica no processo de referenciação e suas nuançasna construção de sentidos em se tratando de um objeto-de-discursoespecífico – Barack Obama –, referenciado em textos publicadosno jornalismo on-line. Para tanto, delimitaram-se como dados depesquisa excertos de textos publicados no jornalismo on-line quetematizam a eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos da América em2008. Analisou-se como o presidente Barack Obama foi(re)categorizado nesses textos por meio de formas nominais deimplicação anafórica.1 A fundamentação teórica é o processo dereferenciação, concebido como atividade discursiva, conformeproposta por Mondada e Dubois (2003). Os resultados da análisereiteraram as considerações dos teóricos da referenciação no sentidode que determinadas formas de implicação anafórica, tendo em vista o potencial de recategorização do referente, atuam na construçãosociocognitiva do objeto-de-discurso.
Etnolinguística e etno-história Tupí: desfragmentando o olhar
Authors: Silva Beatriz Carretta Corrêa-da- 
Published: May 2015

O desenvolvimento dos estudos comparativos no âmbito do TroncoTupí, conforme definido por Rodrigues (1955, 1958a, 1958b, 1964),utilizando o método histórico-comparativo, propiciou um maiorconhecimento das relações entre as línguas que o compõem, permitindo reconstruir o sistema de sons do Proto-Tupí, assim comoavançar na reconstrução do léxico e de parte da gramática dessaprotolíngua. Este trabalho visa reunir as informações atuais dapesquisa histórico-comparativa disponíveis, de forma a empreenderuma caracterização da protolíngua e fazer emergir a realidadelinguística pré-histórica, com o objetivo de apreender parte da históriacultural Tupí, buscando conciliar a narrativa histórica baseada naslínguas indígenas com as significativas contribuições da arqueologia,da etno-história e da etnologia.
Os pronomes e seus traços em línguas da família Pano
Authors: Peixoto Jaqueline dos Santos 
Published: May 2015

Nosso objetivo é realizar um estudo dos traços dos sistemaspronominais em Matsés, Marubo, Kaxinawá e Shipibo-Konibo,línguas pertencentes à família Pano. Lidando com dados de fontessecundárias, propomos que os quatro sistemas pronominais sejaminterpretados com base em um quadro teórico que explica a variação linguística em termos de traços formais com interpretação nagramática. A ideia de que as propriedades morfossintáticas dospronomes são explicadas com base nos traços gramaticais revelaque em Marubo, Kaxinawá e Shipibo-Konibo a proximidade dossistemas pronominais reflete o fato de os três sistemas compartilharemo mesmo conjunto de traços no núcleo funcional D e expressaremnúmero através da projeção de um QP no interior do DP; em Matsés,a assimetria da 1ª e 2ª pessoas com a 3ª pessoa é substituída pelasimetria estrutural.