bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narration et dialogue comme facteurs du processus de paix en Irlande du Nord
Authors: Glendinning Will 
Published: September 2012

RésuméCe papier examine la nature du conflit tel que vécu en Irlande du Nord et aux alentours : les divisions, la méfiance, et la douleur causés par le conflit et le rôle que la narration peut jouer pour panser les plaies qu’il a laissées. On examinera comment la narration peut être une force positive pour la réconciliation mais aussi comment elle représente un danger potentiel pour elle en renforçant les divisions et la peine.
Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Urinary Catecholamines in Healthy Dogs Subjected to Different Clinical Settings
Authors: Höglund K. , Hanås S. , Carnabuci C. , Ljungvall I. , Tidholm A. , Häggström J. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundCorrect interpretation of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) recordings is important in a clinical environment, but little is known about effects of stress onBPandHRresponses of dogs to different clinical settings.ObjectiveTo investigateBPandHRresponses in different clinical settings in dogs of 3 breeds, and to relate findings to urinary catecholamine concentrations measured byELISAassays previously validated for use in human plasma and urine, after validation for use in dogs.AnimalsClient‐owned healthy dogs; 41 Labrador Retrievers, 33 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS), and 15 Dachshunds.MethodsProspective observational study.BPandHRwere measured in 4 clinical settings with or without veterinarian and owner present. Urine samples were taken before and after examination.ELISAassays were validated for canine urine, and epinephrine/creatinine and norepinephrine/creatinine ratios were analyzed.ResultsBPandHRwere higher when measured by veterinarian alone than when owner was present (P < .020). Urinary catecholamine/creatinine ratios were higher after examination, compared with before, in all dogs (P < .0001). Labrador Retrievers had lower diastolicBPthan Dachshunds in 2 settings (P ≤ .041), lowerHRthanCKCSs in 3 settings (allP < .0001), and lower catecholamine/creatinine ratios after examination than both other breeds (P ≤ .035). The in‐house validation showed mean spiked recovery of 96.5% for epinephrine and 83.8% for norepinephrine.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBPandHRresponses were related to breed as well as clinical setting. Breed differences were detected in urinary catecholamine/creatinine ratios. Further studies on breed differences are warranted.
Diminazene Diaceturate for Treatment of ChronicCytauxzoon felisParasitemia in Naturally Infected Cats
Authors: Lewis K.M. , Cohn L.A. , Marr H.S. , Birkenheuer A.J. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundCytauxzoon felisis a hemoprotozoal parasite that causes substantial morbidity and mortality during the acute phase of infection in cats. However, cats that survive the acute illness remain persistently infected and may serve as a reservoir for the tick‐transmitted pathogen.ObjectiveWe investigated the ability of the antiprotozoal compound diminazene diaceturate to eliminate the pathogen from naturally infectedC. feliscarriers.AnimalsSeven healthy, chronically infected domestic cats housed in a research setting.MethodsProspective clinical trial. Cats were treated in a masked fashion with diminazene diaceturate (3 mg/kg) or placeboIMin a series of 2 injections 7 days apart. Clearance of the organism was assessed by light microscopy and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 0, 3, 6, and 10 weeks. In addition, cats were monitored for behavioral changes or for changes on physical examination,CBC, plasma biochemical profile, and urinalysis periodically. Cats that remained parasitemic at the end of 10 weeks were switched to the alternative treatment and similarly monitored for an additional 10 weeks.ResultsAdverse events associated with treatment were limited to self‐resolving hypersalivation and injection site soreness; the former was ameliorated by premedication with atropine. Parasite burden, as assayed by both light microscopy and real‐timePCR, was similar between diminazene‐ and placebo‐treated cats.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceDiminazene diaceturate was unable to eliminate the pathogen or decrease parasite burden in healthy, chronically infected cats.
The Effects of New Jersey's K–8 Foreign Language Authorization on K–5 Foreign Language Teaching: Two Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Raymond Robert B. L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRecent research in language education policy (LEP) refocuses attention from the role of governments to local stakeholders that shape LEP. However, little attention has been given to teacher agency in LEP implementation for early foreign language (FL) education in the United States. This pilot study considers the role of foreign language elementary school (FLES) teacher agency through an analysis of interviews with two FLES teachers and examines how they see their opinions, experience, and expertise involved in the process of delivering on New Jersey's K–8 FL authorization. In discharging their responsibilities, FLES teachers are limited by structural factors that reveal little support for FLES. The study gives warrant to comprehensively investigate, with a view to FLES program sustainability, the multiple local factors that influence FLES program implementation across a variety of settings.
Equine myeloperoxidase: A novel biomarker in synovial fluid for the diagnosis of infection
Authors: Wauters J. , Pille F. , Martens A. , Franck T. , Serteyn D. , Gasthuys F. , Meyer E. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryReasons for performing studyEquine joint infection is a life‐threatening disorder, and confirmation of the diagnosis can be difficult. Synovial fluid biomarkers may assist the discrimination between infectious and noninfectious joint disease.ObjectivesThis study investigates whether the immunological detection of total and enzymatically active myeloperoxidase (MPO) assists the diagnosis of joint infection in horses.MethodsThe following 4 sample groups were included: healthy; osteochondritis dissecans (OCD); traumatic synovitis; and culture‐confirmed infected joints. Synovial fluid was analysed for totalMPOby a horse‐specific sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for activeMPOusing the specific immunological extraction followed by enzymatic detection (SIEFED) technique. Western blot analysis was performed to confirm the antibody specificity.ResultsSynovial fluid from infected joints contained significantly more total and activeMPOthan samples from healthy joints, joints affected byOCDand joints with traumatic synovitis. Cut‐off values were set at 5000 and 350 ng/ml for total and activeMPO, respectively, with fair sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and likelihood ratios for infection. Correlation coefficients were reported between the total as well as the activeMPOlevels and the routine synovial fluid parameters, i.e. the white blood cell count, the neutrophil count and the total protein level. No correlation was observed betweenMPOand either the age of the horse or the joint affected. Western blotting confirmed the antibody specificity for equineMPO.Conclusions and potential relevanceSynovial fluidMPOwas identified as a very promising biomarker to augment the discrimination of infectious vs. noninfectious joint disease in horses. BothELISAandSIEFEDtechniques can be used for its specific and rapid detection. The analysis of synovial fluidMPOcan be used as a complementary test to aid in the discrimination between infectious and noninfectious joint disease, especially when the white blood cell counts and the total protein level are inconclusive.
Statistics anxiety, state anxiety during an examination, and academic achievement
Authors: Macher Daniel , Paechter Manuela , Papousek Ilona , Ruggeri Kai , Freudenthaler H.Harald , Arendasy Martin 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundA large proportion of students identify statistics courses as the most anxiety‐inducing courses in their curriculum. Many students feel impaired by feelings of state anxiety in the examination and therefore probably show lower achievements.AimsThe study investigates how statistics anxiety, attitudes (e.g., interest, mathematical self‐concept) and trait anxiety, as a general disposition to anxiety, influence experiences of anxiety as well as achievement in an examination.SampleParticipants were 284 undergraduate psychology students, 225 females and 59 males.MethodsTwo weeks prior to the examination, participants completed a demographic questionnaire and measures of the STARS, the STAI, self‐concept in mathematics, and interest in statistics. At the beginning of the statistics examination, students assessed their present state anxiety by the KUSTA scale. After 25 min, all examination participants gave another assessment of their anxiety at that moment. Students' examination scores were recorded. Structural equation modelling techniques were used to test relationships between the variables in a multivariate context.ResultsStatistics anxiety was the only variable related to state anxiety in the examination. Via state anxiety experienced before and during the examination, statistics anxiety had a negative influence on achievement. However, statistics anxiety also had a direct positive influence on achievement. This result may be explained by students' motivational goals in the specific educational setting.ConclusionsThe results provide insight into the relationship between students' attitudes, dispositions, experiences of anxiety in the examination, and academic achievement, and give recommendations to instructors on how to support students prior to and in the examination.
Investigating the cognitive precursors of emotional response to cancer stress: Re‐testing Lazarus's transactional model
Authors: Hulbert‐Williams N. J. , Morrison V. , Wilkinson C. , Neal R. D. 
Published: September 2012

Objectives.Lazarus's Transactional Model of stress and coping underwent significant theoretical development through the 1990s to better incorporate emotional reactions to stress with their appraisal components. Few studies have robustly explored the full model. This study aimed to do so within the context of a major life event: cancer diagnosis.Design.A repeated measures design was used whereby data were collected using self‐report questionnaire at baseline (soon after diagnosis), and 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up.Methods.A total of 160 recently diagnosed cancer patients were recruited (mean time since diagnosis = 46 days). Their mean age was 64.2 years. Data on appraisals, core‐relational themes, and emotions were collected. Data were analysed using both Spearman's correlation tests and multivariate regression modelling.Results:Longitudinal analysis demonstrated weak correlation between change scores of theoretically associated components and some emotions correlated more strongly with cognitions contradicting theoretical expectations. Cross‐sectional multivariate testing of the ability of cognitions to explain variance in emotion was largely theory inconsistent.Conclusions.Although data support the generic structure of the Transactional Model, they question the model specifics. Larger scale research is needed encompassing a wider range of emotions and using more complex statistical testing.Statement of ContributionWhat is already known on this subject?Stress processes are transactional and coping outcome is informed by both cognitive appraisal of the stressor and the individual's emotional response (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984).Lazarus (1999)made specific hypotheses about which particular stress appraisals would determine which emotional response, but only a small number of these relationships have been robustly investigated.Previous empirical testing of this theory has been limited by design and statistical limitations.What does this study add?This study empirically investigates the cognitive precedents of a much larger range of emotional outcomes than has previously been attempted in the literature.Support for the model at a general level is established: this study demonstrates that both primary and secondary appraisals, and core‐relational themes are important variables in explaining variance in emotional outcome.The specific hypotheses proposed byLazarus (1999)are not, however, supported: using data‐driven approaches we demonstrate that equally high levels of variance can be explained using entirely different cognitive appraisals than those hypothesized.
‘Mapping’ deception in adolescents: Eliciting cues to deceit through an unanticipated spatial drawing task
Authors: Roos af Hjelmsäter Emma , Öhman Lisa , Granhag Pär Anders , Vrij Aldert 
Published: September 2012

PurposeIn this experiment we examined whether an unanticipated spatial task could increase the differences between lying and truth telling groups of adolescents. In addition, we explored whether there are some elements of such a spatial task that elicit more diagnostic cues to deception than others.MethodsIn groups of three, adolescents (N = 150, aged 13–14) either experienced (‘truth tellers’) or imagined (‘liars’) an event. In subsequent individual interviews, the adolescents were asked to provide both a general verbal description of the event (the anticipated task), and a spatial description by making marks on a sketch (the unanticipated task). Next, adults (N = 200) rated the degree of consistency between either the general descriptions or the spatial descriptions from the adolescents in each triad.ResultsThe differences between liars and truth tellers were larger for the spatial markings (the unanticipated task) than for the general verbal descriptions (the anticipated task). Importantly, as predicted, the difference between lying and truth‐telling triads was most manifest for markings of salient (vs. non‐salient) aspects of the event.ConclusionsThe results suggests that (a) using spatial tasks may be a useful tool for detecting deception in adolescents, but that (b) the assessment of credibility should only draw on the salient aspects of the unanticipated spatial task.
A snapshot of guideline compliance reveals room for improvement: A survey of peripheral arterial catheter practices in Australian operating theatres
Authors: Reynolds Heather , Dulhunty Joel , Tower Marion , Taraporewalla Kersi , Rickard Claire 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimTo report a study in Australian operating theatres of compliance by the anaesthetic team with best peripheral arterial catheter practice for blood gas sampling and infection prevention. Comparisons are made with research recommendations and Centres for Disease Control Guidelines.BackgroundThere is wide global usage of peripheral arterial catheters in the operating theatre for haemodynamic monitoring and blood gas analysis. Frequent blood sampling from arterial catheters can lead to statistically significant blood loss and provide an infective potential. Evidence‐based research and clinical guidelines prescribe best practice.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive surveyMethodsData were collected in 2009 from 64 major Australian hospitals using a self‐designed internet survey.Results/FindingsHand hygiene prior to catheter insertion was the only infection prevention practice entirely adherent with guidelines. The recommended ratio of discard to dead space volume of 2:1 to decrease unnecessary blood loss during blood gas sampling was reported by only 11 (17%) respondents. Less than 32 (50%) respondents used the preferred solution, chlorhexidine to disinfect the insertion site. Access ports were reported as ‘never disinfected’ before use by 30 (47%) respondents.ConclusionThe complex operating theatre environment presents barriers, which contribute to non‐adherence with guidelines. These barriers need to be identified to plan strategies for improvement. A quality audit tool is proposed for development by nurses in collaboration with the anaesthetic team, providing a needed method to assess ongoing compliance with best peripheral arterial catheter care. Further international research would test the generalizability of our Australian findings.
Gut and intestinal passage time in the Rainbow Skink (Trachylepis margaritifer): implications for stress measures using faecal analysis
Authors: Miller A. K. , Erasmus B. F. N. , Alexander G. J. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryStress levels in organisms provide a rapid measure for assessing population health. Handling and capture stress, however, cause error in blood measures, so this method is rapidly being replaced by assessing levels of stress metabolites in faeces. This eliminates the source of error because there is a lag period between stress perception and the resultant stress metabolite accumulation within faeces. This lag period is correlated with specific intestinal passage time, a measure that can vary greatly between taxa, particularly amongst ectotherms. Due to two deleterious consequences associated with extended exposure of the metabolites to the intestinal environment, species that exhibit long and variable intestinal passage times are not good candidates for metabolite studies. We measured gut and intestinal passage times in Trachylepis margaritifer to ascertain whether it would be an appropriate candidate for stress metabolite studies. We first tested if barium sulphate in the meal had an effect on gut passage time at three ambient temperatures (25, 27 and 32 °C). Barium sulphate had no effect; however, temperature had a significant effect with an unexpected pattern: gut passage time was fastest at 32 °C but was slower at 27 °C than at 25 °C. We then used X‐ray technology and barium sulphate‐loaded meals to measure gut and intestinal passage times at 25 and 27 °C. This allowed us to observe which parts of the digestive process were responsible for increased passage times at 27 °C: the faster passage time at 25 °C was due to faster intestinal passage time; there was no difference in gastric emptying time. We assess the species to be a suitable candidate for studies using faeces to measure stress. It is imperative however, that the effect of temperature on passage rates is known and taken into account in such studies.
Payments for watershed services: Directing incentives for improving lake basin governance
Authors: Lin Hebin , Nakamura Masahisa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study introduces the emerging integrated ecosystem management approach known as Payments for Watershed Services (PWS) as utilized for lake and reservoir basin governance. PWS is built on the central concept of providing economic incentives to watershed stakeholders to assist in management efforts. It channels conservation payments from downstream payers to finance conservation activities conducted by upstream payees. The upstream conservation activities are expected to enhance ecosystem functions, thereby improving water‐related ecosystem services desired by downstream stakeholders. Information on 163 PWS projects in 34 developing countries through the year 2008 was collected and analysed, including their common goals, processes, outcomes, scientific assumptions and socioeconomic rationales. This study recognized one unique PWS characteristic, namely the role of intermediary organizations (i.e. brokers) in integrating the economic incentives of upstream payees and downstream payers in order to facilitate their transactions by means of contracts. Although 75% of the reviewed PWS projects have focused on rivers, and only 10% have considered lakes and reservoirs, the similarity of the intermediary functions performed by lake management organizations and PWS intermediary organizations suggests a greater potential for the future application of PWS designs in lake basins. Drawing on components in the field of New Institutional Economics to interpret the intermediary function within the PWS framework, a three‐part PWS design with 15 steps is proposed in this study for lake basin governance, with a Costa Rican PWS scheme serving as an illustration. This study seeks to communicate the scientific and socioeconomic frontiers for developing locally suitable and integrated watershed governance structures to lake management organizations and other watershed stakeholder groups.
EXCHANGE RATE BANDS OF INACTION AND PLAY‐HYSTERESIS IN GERMAN EXPORTS—SECTORAL EVIDENCE FOR SOME OECD DESTINATIONS
Authors: Belke Ansgar , Göcke Matthias , Günther Martin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA non‐linear model is applied, where suddenly strong spurts of exports occur when changes of the exchange rate go beyond a zone of inaction, which we call ‘play’ area—analogous to mechanical play. We implement an algorithm describing path‐dependent play‐hysteresis into a regression framework. The hysteretic impact of real exchange rates on German exports is estimated based on the period from 1995Q1 to 2010Q3. Looking at some of the main export partners of Germany outside the euro area and some of the most important tradeable sectors we find significant hysteretic effects for a part of the German exports.
Efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B for prophylaxis of acute or reactivation models of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Leleu Christopher , Menotti Jean , Meneceur Pascale , Choukri Firas , Sulahian Annie , Garin Yves J.‐F. , Derouin Francis 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe efficacy of antifungal prophylaxis for prevention of invasive aspergillosis (IA) may depend on whether IA results from recent inhalation of spores or reactivation of latent colonisation. Compare the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) for prophylaxis in acute and reactivation models of IA. In the acute model, mice immunosuppressed from day 0 were challenged at day 3 with an aerosol of Aspergillus fumigatus. LAmB (15 mg kg−1) was administered at day 0 or at challenge. In the reactivation model, naïve mice exposed to A. fumigatus remained untreated until clearance of spores from the lungs, then immunosuppressed to induce reactivation. A single LAmB dose was administered at start of immunosuppression. In the acute model, a single administration of LAmB at start of immunosuppression was not effective, but an additional administration resulted in a significant decrease in lung fungal burden (P < 0.05 vs. controls). A significant prophylactic efficacy was observed when LAmB was administered once at challenge (P < 0.01). In the reactivation model, a single LAmB administration at start of immunosuppression significantly reduced both reactivation rate and fungal burden vs. controls (P < 0.01). Our results show that the conditions under which IA develop and timing of administration of LAmB were determinant variables for prophylactic efficacy.