bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation and the international competitiveness of US-based companies
Authors: Globerman Steven 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide and assess evidence bearing on whether government regulation in the USA is harming the international competitiveness of the US economy. A related purpose is to clarify the concept of international competitiveness from a public policy perspective.Design/methodology/approach– The paper draws on various sources comparing the regulatory environment of the USA and other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries over the past 15-20 years, as well as the international competitiveness of those countries, particularly the productivity growth of home country firms. The various measures of regulatory quality and international competitiveness for the USA are compared to those for a sample of other OECD countries to provide empirical evidence on two broad issues: has government regulation become more onerous in the USA relative to other OECD countries? and has the USA economy become less competitive compared to other OECD countries?Findings– The evidence indicates that the US regulatory environment has become more onerous compared to other OECD countries and that the relative productivity performance of the US economy has declined in recent years. Evidence also suggests that the USA has become relatively less attractive as a location for production and research and development. While the paper does not directly link national measures of performance to measures of the regulatory environment, it provides a literature review of the empirical relationship between government regulation and private sector productivity performance. The review suggests that an apparent recent weakening of the international competitiveness of the US economy can be linked to a more onerous regulatory environment.Research limitations/implications– As noted above, the paper does not directly link in a statistical manner, data regarding the changing regulatory environment across countries to changes in measures of international competitiveness. This is the focus of future research.Originality/value– By assessing a range of measures of the regulatory environment and national economic performance, the paper provides a fairly comprehensive and nuanced assessment of frequently made claims about regulation in the USA relative to other countries, as well as the relative attractiveness of the USA as a location for private sector activity.
A neural observer for sensorless speed control of servomotors
Authors: Horng Jenq-Ruey , Wang Ming-Shyan , Lai Tai-Rung , Berinde Sergiu 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– Extensive efforts have been conducted on the elimination of position sensors in servomotor control. The purpose of this paper is to aim at estimating the servomotor speed without using position sensors and the knowledge of its parameters by artificial neural networks (ANNs).

Design/methodology/approach
– A neural speed observer based on the Elman neural network (NN) structure takes only motor voltages and currents as inputs.

Findings
– After offline NNs training, the observer is incorporated into a DSP-based drive and sensorless control is achieved.

Research limitations/implications
– Future work will consider to reduce the computation time for NNs training and to adaptively tune parameters on line.

Practical implications
– The experimental results of the proposed method are presented to show the effectiveness.

Originality/value
– This paper achieves sensorless servomotor control by ANNs which are seldom studied.
Implementation of an automated system for microscope pathological section image with RFID management
Authors: Chen Pei-Jarn , Yeng Chia-Hong , Lu Ma-Mi , Chen Sheng-Hsien 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to establish an automated microscopic imaging database system using a set of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) management functions to provide a secure storage for hispathology images.

Design/methodology/approach
– The automated microscopy imaging system is composed mainly of four parts, which include: first, tissue biopsy image acquisition system, second, image processing system, third, RFID system, and fourth, SQL database system. The system has two modes of operation to store and manage hispathology images. First, the hispathology slide undergoes fluorescence staining before acquiring images directly from an external CCD camera connected to the system. Second, the hispathogical slides that have undergone fluorescence staining undergo another microscopic imaging system, and the contents are extracted into a digitized image archive and imported to the system. Also, the system not only acquires images but also performs functions such as displacement correction, image superimposition, and calculation of the total number of fluorescence points. The two methods mentioned above produce the hispathology image files and are tagged using an RFID string index to establish and manage the database system.

Findings
– The results demonstrated that in the impurities were effectively eliminated in the red fluorescence staining after binarization processing. However, the blue ones remained the same and to solve this problem an adjustable threshold allows users to select the appropriate threshold. Using an additional eigenvalue code to the RFID string provides better encryption mechanism for the patient files and any attempt to tamper the file can easily be detected through the comparison of the eigenvalues.

Originality/value
– This paper proposes a novel method to implement a more comprehensive, safe, fast, and automated management system for hispathological images using RFID management and image processing techniques. Additional security is provided by including eigenvalues as encryption mechanisms in the Tag string of the RFID.
Management-employee relations, firm size and job satisfaction
Authors: Tansel Aysit , Gazîoğlu Şaziye 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the job satisfaction in relation to managerial attitudes towards employees and firm size using the linked employer-employee survey results in Britain.Design/methodology/approach– The authors first investigate the management-employee relationships and the firm size using maximum likelihood probit estimation. Next various measures of job satisfaction are related to the management-employee relations via maximum likelihood ordered probit estimates. Four measures of job satisfaction that have not been used often are considered. They are satisfaction with influence over job; satisfaction with amount of pay; satisfaction with sense of achievement and satisfaction with respect from supervisors.Findings– Main findings indicate that management-employee relationships are less satisfactory in the large firms than in the small firms. Job satisfaction levels are lower in large firms. Less satisfactory management-employee relationships in the large firms may be a major source of the observed lower level of job satisfaction in them.Practical implications– These results have important policy implications from the point of view of the firm management while achieving the aims of their organizations in particular in the large firms in the area of management-employee relationships. Improving the management-employee relations in large firms will increase employee satisfaction in many respects as well as increase productivity and reduce turnover.Originality/value– The nature of the management-employee relations with firm size and job satisfaction has not been investigated before.
Assistant and auxiliary nurses in crisis times
Authors: Eliason Marcus 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the earnings, employment and income effects of job displacement among female assistant and auxiliary nurses – two hard-hit female-dominated occupations – in Sweden during the economic crisis of the 1990s.Design/methodology/approach– Using register data, assistant and auxiliary nurses who were displaced due to mass-layoffs during the crisis years were identified, as well as an appropriate control group. The study population could be followed for a maximum of 13 years. Mean effects were estimated using a propensity score weighted fixed effect estimator. In a supplementary analysis, propensity score weighted quantile effects were estimated.Findings– Job loss among women in the public sector seems to have had similar earnings and employment consequences as previously found for job loss among men in the private sector. However, the social insurance system replaced a majority of the lost earnings. Moreover, a distributional analysis revealed that the income and earnings losses were limited to the lower part of the distributions.Social implications– Budget consolidation measures to restore health to public finances in the aftermath of the Great Recession are likely to have long-lasting adverse consequences for some. Although many of those losing their jobs are likely to quickly regain employment at a comparable earnings level, the unlucky few may bear most of the costs.Originality/value– The author is aware of no previously published research that has investigated either the impact of job displacement in the public sector or the distributional effect of job displacement.
Development of the laser shock wave adhesion test on bonded CFRP composite
Authors: Ecault R. , Boustie M. , Berthe L. , Touchard F. , Chocinski-Arnault L. , Voillaume H. , Campagne B. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop a laser shock adhesion test (LASAT) and evaluate its ability to reveal various bond qualities of stuck carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) industrial assemblies.

Design/methodology/approach
– Four grades of adhesion were prepared by release agent contamination of CFRP prior to assembly. Laser shots were performed at different intensities on these samples.

Findings
– To characterize and quantify the damage created by the propagation of shock waves in the bonded material, several diagnoses were used (confocal microscopy, ultra-sound inspection and cross-sections microscopy). These three post-mortem techniques are complementary and provide consistent results.

Originality/value
– The combination of these diagnoses along with the LASAT technique provides relevant information on the bond quality in agreement with GIC values measured by the University of Patras.
Effect of peening on the fatigue limit of welded structural steel with surface crack, and rendering the crack harmless
Authors: Houjou Keiji , Takahashi Koji , Ando Kotoji , Abe Hisanori 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of peening on the fatigue limit of steels for welded structure with a crack in the weld toe zone.

Design/methodology/approach
– An artificial semi-circular slit was created in the weld toe, and peening was conducted. Then, bending fatigue tests were carried out.

Findings
– First, owing to the shot peening, the maximum slit depths that can be rendered harmless were 1.0 and 1.2 mm in SUS316 and SM490, respectively. Second, during the fatigue test, the fracture of a peened specimen originated outside the slit, which indicated that peening eliminated the effect of the slit on the fatigue limit. Third, the fatigue limit of a slit specimen was improved by the enhanced residual stress distribution and the decreased stress concentration due to plastic deformation at the weld toe.

Originality/value
– There are very few studies about which a fatigue crack is rendered harmless by residual compressive stress, as a result the structures could be continued to use. Moreover, the study defining the concept about rendering crack harmless and systematic investigation was not able to be found.
Depository banks under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD)
Authors: Prorokowski Lukas 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate whether enhanced requirements result in the depositories exiting the business. Furthermore, this paper attempts to analyse prospective changes to the operating structures caused by the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD). Most importantly, this paper discusses the processes to evaluate and manage counterparty risk relating to prime brokers. AIFMD makes fundamental changes to the depository liability and managing counterparty risk by making a depository bank liable for any losses to investor assets, even those held within third-party custodians appointed by the depository. Depositories will also need to calculate the probability of default of their sub-custodians and use complex credit models to calculate any capital requirements under the fourth Capital Requirements Directive (CRD IV).

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is based on an insightful secondary analysis of the AIFMD with practical implications drawn for depository banks. The analysis of this topical research has been broken down into the following sections: assessing and managing counterparty risk of prime brokers; insurance against defaults of prime brokers; and regulatory-driven challenges and changes to depository banks.

Findings
– The post-Lehman banking industry has realised that counterparty risk cannot be ignored. This has triggered heated debates among regulators and practitioners whereby any depository bank should clearly separate the assets of its clients from the depository assets and its own assets. This paper argues that the custodian services will witness consolidation with the big players remaining and small custodians forced to leave the business in light of the enhanced liabilities under the AIFMD. In addition to this, this paper has stressed that assessing counterparty risk should be supported by an insightful analysis of the culture of a prime broker; its legal, structural and regulatory safeguards; and quality of assets. Moreover, managing risks associated with prime brokers entails significant costs to depositories. Thus, depository banks are advised to factor these costs into their pricing models.

Originality/value
– Given the magnitude of recent regulatory initiatives and complex challenges faced by depositories, an important question arises whether depository banks would exit the business in light of the regulatory-induced liabilities. This paper addresses the aforementioned question and provides practical implications into managing emerging risks by depository banks. At this point, the majority of depositories are in a process of developing in-house solutions for managing risks related to prime brokers, and hence would benefit from practical insights into these processes that are provided in this paper.
Cybersecurity: SEC is starting to scrutinize registrants’ practices
Authors: A. Nathan Daniel , J. Greismann Libby 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– To alert broker-dealers to the SEC’s plans to examine their cybersecurity practices, and offer advice on compliance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Reviews the SEC’s proposed cybersecurity framework and provides suggestions for broker-dealers to address and respond to these proposals.

Findings
– The SEC is still focused on gaining more information about the state of the cybersecurity industry in the broker-dealer context.

Practical implications
– Broker-Dealers should review the framework and prepare to be flexible and responsive to changing guidelines that may emerge.

Originality/value
– Breaks down the SEC guidelines in plain English and analyses the import of these guidelines. Offers practical advice for compliance.
SEC’s enforcement action against hedge fund adviser for retaliation against a whistleblower highlights challenges employers face
Authors: B. House Bryan , L. Johnston Pam , Worcester Courtney 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– To explain a recent enforcement action by the USA Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) whereby the SEC brought its first enforcement action for retaliation against a whistleblower under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank).

Design/methodology/approach
– Explains the SEC’s recent enforcement action under Dodd-Frank, highlighting the efforts that a company undertook with respect to continuing to employ a whistleblower after potentially fraudulent activity was reported and discusses practical problems faced by such companies when trying to simultaneously investigate potential wrong-doing without being seen as retaliating against a whistleblower.

Findings
– Through this enforcement action, the SEC has demonstrated a willingness to bring cases to enforce Dodd-Frank’s anti-retaliation provisions even though Dodd-Frank does not expressly grant it such enforcement authority.

Practical implications
– Companies must have a strong culture of compliance and a strong policy encouraging whistleblowers to report concerns internally if at all possible. Once the whistleblower has reported to the SEC, a company will need to maintain the status quo with respect to the whistleblower.

Originality/value
– Practical guidance from attorneys with experience with the SEC and whistleblower actions.
European private placements for US managers – navigating the AIFMD minefield
Authors: Penhall Winston , Hatfield Jacqui 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The article sets out the practical implications of the EU Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive for USA managers with a focus on the marketing provisions of AIFMD.

Design/methodology/approach
– This article summarises key marketing issues for USA managers.

Findings
– The article addresses in particular the means by which USA fund managers who are not regulated in the EU can access EU investors including passive marketing.

Practical implications
– AIFMD grants EU member states latitude when implementing their local private placement regime. Some EU member states have not yet implemented AIFMD while others have imposed conditions that are so onerous that in practical terms they equate to the negation of private placement as an option.

Originality/value
– The article is of value to USA fund managers who are not regulated in the EU because it provides insight into the practicalities of navigating the minefield that is AIFMD.
Beyond rhetoric: re-thinking entrepreneurial marketing from a practice perspective
Authors: Gross Nicole , Carson David , Jones Rosalind 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose the application of social practice theory for the investigation of entrepreneurial marketing (EM) practices.Design/methodology/approach– A theoretical gap has been found between scholarly efforts to explain the nature of EM practice and the actual marketing practice or marketing doings of small firms.Findings– The paper covers some of the EM literature and perspectives and examining the notion of “practice” in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) and entrepreneurship research. Based on an increasing focus on practice in the social theory literature and the contributions of key social theorists, a discussion is framed in terms of how EM practice can be studied through the investigation material and bodily observations and common interpretations.Research limitations/implications– The paper offers a proposal that the observations of practitioners’ actions and activities and the investigation of common interpretations can be conceptualized to explain the nature of EM practice. It also gives avenues for future research.Practical implications– The paper suggests that marketing comprises a wide scope of activities or practices and, in the case of a small firm, is all-pervasive. It also suggests that scholars engage in understanding the collective, distributed, situated, ongoing and tacit nature of EM.Originality/value– The paper provides a fresh conceptual approach about how EM practice can be studied through the investigation material and bodily observations as well as common interpretations.
Branding as innovation within agribusiness value chains
Authors: Lewis Gemma , Crispin Stuart , Bonney Laurie , Woods Megan , Fei Jiangang , Ayala Sarah , Miles Morgan 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore how traditional agribusiness firms can differentiate their product through innovation and branding at the value chain level, through the application of entrepreneurial marketing (EM). Traditionally, fresh vegetable products have been marketed as unbranded commodities.

Design/methodology/approach
– To address the research aim, this paper used a case study, which included semi-structured interviews with managers and personnel and unstructured observation of supply chain processes.

Findings
– The findings are based on a Tasmanian fresh broccoli value chain and suggest that EM could be effectively integrated at a multi-firm level. Clear communication, knowledge sharing, and trusting relationships are necessary to create a shared vision and a sustainable value chain.

Research limitations/implications
– An increasing number of firms in the agribusiness sector are looking for strategies that can enhance value for themselves and members of their chain. EM as a strategy can help an entire value chain achieve product differentiation and co-innovation, with flow on benefits to the consumer.

Originality/value
– There is limited research at the entrepreneurial and marketing interface that explores the application of EM at an inter-organizational level. This paper is one of the first to investigate EM in context of a supply chain management, using a value chain innovation framework.
Carbon emissions and the cost of capital: Australian evidence
Authors: Li Yongqing , Eddie Ian , Liu Jinghui 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential impact of the approved Australian carbon emissions reduction plan on the cost of capital and the association between companies’ carbon emission intensity and the cost of capital.

Design/methodology/approach
– A sample of Australian Stock Exchange 200 (ASX 200)-indexed companies from 2006 to 2010 is used. Hypotheses are tested based on Heckman’s two-stage approach. Three regression models are developed to examine the association between carbon emissions and the cost of capital.

Findings
– Using a sample of ASX 200-indexed listed companies, the paper finds that the cost of capital, including the cost of debt and the cost of equity, will increase for emissions-liable companies. Results also show that the cost of debt is positively correlated with a company’s emission intensity. However, little evidence supports that the emission intensity affects the cost of equity.

Originality/value
– As it is evident that the emissions reduction plan will adversely affect corporate entities’ cost of capital, this study suggests that companies, investors and lenders need to include carbon emission in risk analysis. An emissions-liable company should establish strategies to combat the impact of the Plan on rising cost that comes with the enforcement of the Plan. Government assistance is essential in the transitional period.