bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should we Trust Social Robots? Trust without Trustworthiness in Human-Robot Interaction
Authors: Massaguer Gómez Germán 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper asks three fundamental questions on the nature of trust: What is trust? What is trustworthiness? When is trust warranted? These discussions are then applied to the context of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), asking whether we can trust social robots, whether they can be trustworthy, and, lastly, whether we should trust them. After revising the literature on the nature of trust and reliance on one hand, and on trust in social robots, considering both properties-based and non-properties-based views, on the other hand, this paper defends that, given the current state of technology, we can be subjects of a paradoxical scenario in which there is trust without trustworthiness, i.e., human users that interact with social robots can develop something resembling interpersonal trust towards an artificial entity which cannot be trustworthy. This occurs because we perceive and treat social robots as trustworthy entities, while they seem to lack certain properties that would make them capable of being trustworthy (as well as untrustworthy). Understanding our psychology in HRI and trying to discern what social robots are (and are not) is capital when confronted with ethical issues. Some of the ethical issues that arise in the context of trust without trustworthiness will be considered to address the debate about if we should trust social robots. This paper concludes that we should, at least for now, not trust social robots, given the potential harms that can be done and the responsibility gaps that might appear when these harms are to be repaired.
Enhanced hydrogen production from food waste via bioaugmentation with Clostridium and Lactobacillus
Authors: Díez M. P. , Villanueva-Galindo E. , Moreno-Andrade I. , Díaz E. , de la Rubia M. A. , Mohedano A. F. , Perez-Rangel M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dark fermentation (DF) of food waste (FW) is a promising and sustainable alternative for valorization, where a carbohydrate-rich substrate is converted into value-added products such as hydrogen (H2) and volatile fatty acids (VFA). In this work, several combinations of hydrogen-producing bacteria (Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium beijerinckii) along with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus pentosus) were evaluated for H2 production using sterile FW as a substrate in DF batch tests as follows: 10%v/v inoculum ratio, 10 gVS L−1 of FW, phosphate buffer pH 7.4 (0.005 M), 37 °C, and 150 rpm. The highest H2 production of 46.0 ± 0.7 mL H2 gVS
−1 was obtained by the combination of C. butyricum (61%), C. beijerinckii (13%), L. plantarum (13%), and L. pentosus (13%), showing a synergistic activity between those strains. Subsequently, this combination was tested to carry on a bioaugmentation strategy using sterile and non-sterile FW as substrate, achieving an H2 production of 89.6 ± 1.0 mL H2 gVS
–1 and 76.7 ± 2.6 mL H2 gVS
–1 with sterile and non-sterile FW, respectively. According to the microbial analysis, Lactobacillus species were displaced in the microbial community, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1_butyricum led the H2 production in both sterile and non-sterile FW tests. The results suggest that a negative interaction was established between C. butyricum and Enterobacter, generating low H2 production during fermentation with non-sterile FW. This study confirms that bioaugmentation with hydrogen-producing microorganisms is a promising alternative for valorizing feedstocks, such as FW, which tend to be predominated by lactic acid bacteria.
Coexistence of plasmablastic lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in the stomach: a case report and literature review
Authors: Maeda Takato , Takahata Takenori , Goto Shintaro , Oyama Takao , Nakagawa Satoru , Murai Yasuhisa , Machida Ryuma , Ishidoya Nao , Sakamoto Juichi , Iwamura Hideki , Sakuraba Hirotake 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare B-cell lymphoma. Reports on primary gastric PBL are limited, and its endoscopic features remain poorly understood. We report a case of gastric PBL with multiple polypoid lesions in an immunocompetent individual. A 72-year-old man presented with upper abdominal discomfort. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed multiple raised lesions of variable sizes in the stomach, prompting a tumor biopsy. Based on histopathological findings, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was suspected. Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy was administered. After six cycles of R-CHOP therapy, EGD showed a partial reduction of the gastric tumor, and a biopsy was performed on the remaining tumor. Histopathology was re-examined, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor cells were plasmablastic and strongly positive for both CD38 and CD138. The cells showed cytoplasmic immunoglobulin lambda light-chain restriction, indicating PBL. Furthermore, gastric differentiated adenocarcinoma was incidentally detected in some biopsy samples. Finally, a total gastrectomy was performed, and the postoperative course was uneventful. The patient is currently alive, 15 months after the initial diagnosis. This case reveals an endoscopic feature of gastric PBL and suggests the rare possibility that gastric PBL may coexist with adenocarcinoma.
Emotions as a (dis)entangling factor in co-creating gendered decisions and practices among small-scale fisher couples in Ghana: towards new theoretical insights
Authors: Adjei Moses , Amoah Padmore Adusei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Women experience the brunt of inequality in fishery tasks and decision-making despite their crucial contributions to the industry. This paper examines the micro-processes of gendered fishery decisions and practices based on interviews with 20 female and 18 male fisherfolk in coastal Ghana. The paper draws on a new materialist framing inspired by Deleuzian assemblage theory, which delineates the different tangible and intangible factors that work together (i.e., the assemblage) to shape attitudes, behaviours, and practices among a group of people. Dwelling on this theory, this paper highlights the role of women’s embodied feelings (as physically and emotionally expressed through fear, wobbly voice, and love) as they entangle with discourses of their emotionality and other non-human factors to co-create gendered fishery decisions and practices. The paper: (1) highlights the importance of moving beyond economic and bargaining models towards non-rational and emotional factors in explaining the complexities of couples’ decision-making and practices, (2) moves theoretically from the traditional understanding of emotions as cognitive or socially determined towards what emotions do within relations of socio-material, spatial and discursive contexts and how such assemblages could be untangled to address gender inequality in couple’s fishery decision-making and practices.
Binary Voronoi linear trees for the approximate solution of functional optimization problems
Authors: Cervellera Cristiano , Macciò Danilo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The need to find solutions in function form that optimize a given nonlinear cost functional arises routinely in many important areas of operations research and applied mathematics. In most practical cases, problems of this kind require a numerical solution based on some suitable class of approximating architectures. This paper introduces the use of binary Voronoi linear trees (BVLTs) for the approximate solution of a general class of functional optimization problems. The main features of the considered trees are (i) a splitting scheme based on a Voronoi bisection criterion and (ii) linear outputs in the leaves, which make the resulting models more flexible compared to classic trees with cuts parallel to the axes and constant outputs. At the same time, due to the binary recursive structure, BVLTs retain the well-known efficiency of decision tree architectures. Consistently with the typical tree construction framework, we provide a greedy algorithm for the approximate solution of the addressed functional optimization problem. Universal approximation capabilities of the proposed class of models are derived in the theoretical analysis, and the consistency of the solution is discussed as well. In order to improve accuracy and robustness, we also consider the use of BVLTs in ensemble fashion, through an aggregation scheme well suited to optimization purposes. Simulation tests involving various optimization problems are presented, showing how the proposed algorithm can cope well in complex multivariate contexts, especially in ensemble form.
Study Habits in Medical Education: Examining How German Medical Students Study Using a Cross-sectional Mixed-Methods Survey
Authors: Ragaller Sophia Viktoria , Rother Johanna Flora , Aster Alexandra , Raupach Tobias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The shift to digital teaching and learning during the pandemic has had a lasting impact on how students study medicine. Understanding how medical students learn and which resources they use is essential for successfully implementing teaching innovations. In this cross-sectional survey at a German medical school, 340 students completed the LIST-K questionnaire to assess cognitive, metacognitive, and resource management learning strategies. Additionally, students provided information on their preferences regarding educational media and tools used during their study process. Data were analysed with a specific focus on differences between preclinical and clinical years of medical education. Students primarily used resource management strategies, such as effort and external sources of information, while cognitive strategies such as organisation and critical review were employed less frequently. There was a strong emphasis on using local exam questions and a commercial product providing past exam questions and supplemental content. When examining media and tool use in different phases of medical education, the most significant difference related to a less frequent use of textbooks and other literature in clinical compared to preclinical years. Our results highlight students’ focus on assessment-oriented learning, particularly the use of past exam questions, suggesting a performance goal orientation rather than a mastery approach. However, due to its cross-sectional design, the study does not allow causal conclusions to be drawn. The heavy reliance on a commercial product not aligning with the local curriculum is concerning, and future studies should explore underlying reasons and potential interventions to address this unbalance.
Correlation of Physician Assistant Prerequisite Coursework and Student Success
Authors: Neguse Sarah , Solanyk Darcy , Hellier Jennifer L. , Holmerud David , Massey Scott , Ruff Cathy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of prerequisite science courses on student outcomes in a physician assistant (PA) training program. Given the conflicting literature on the necessity of such coursework and the variation in required courses across PA programs, this study aimed to assess whether prerequisite courses are essential for success. One PA program eliminated prerequisite coursework, allowing analysis of impacts on student outcomes. Data from 2018–2021 Centralized Application Service for Physician Assistants (CASPA) records and student performance metrics were analyzed. Stratification analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between the number of science credit hours and clinical year variables. Results indicate no consistent correlation between completed prerequisite credit hours and student performance on various assessments. Even applicants with minimal (0–1) credit hours performed similarly to those with extensive (> 15) credit hours. There was no statistically significant correlation between prerequisite courses and Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam (PANCE) scores. Additionally, the study found no significant relationship between the nationally benchmarked Physician Assistant Clinical Knowledge Rating and Assessment Tool (patterned off the PANCE) scores and the number of physiology credit hours, but a notable inverse relationship between genetics credit hours and a nationally benchmarked summative examination (End of Curriculum Exam (ECOE)) performance. The analysis revealed that variations in prerequisite coursework did not consistently correlate with student performance across assessments, casting doubt on the necessity of specific science courses for PA program success. However, limitations including fewer candidates with prerequisite coursework requirements, and variability in assessment tools, may influence the generalizability of these results.
Defining Disease Activity in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Ross Laura , Baron Murray , Nikpour Mandana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem autoimmune disease characterised by the presence of fibrosis, microvasculopathy and inflammation. The complex pathogenesis and widespread organ involvement have made assessment and quantification of overall disease activity challenging. In this review, we present an update of the assessment of disease activity in SSc.

Recent Findings
There has been increasing interest in the use of composite outcome measures to assess the totality of SSc and measure multidimensional disease constructs such as activity and damage. Recently, the Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium (SCTC) published a new SSc Activity Index (SCTC-AI) to quantify disease activity across nine domains of disease. In this article, we discuss both the challenges of measuring disease activity in SSc and the rationale and clinical importance of accurate quantification of disease activity.

Summary
Heterogeneity in clinical presentation, variation in the tempo of disease and variable responsiveness to treatment at different disease stages has resulted in significant challenges in classification and assessment of SSc patients. However, two SSc-specific activity indices now exist to quantify states of high disease activity. Further work is required to establish whether composite outcome measures offer superior measures of treatment response in SSc clinical trials and what the role of the assessment of disease activity is in the recruitment and assessment of participants in trials of novel therapies.
Effects of discrete fracture networks on simulating hydraulic fracturing, induced seismicity and trending transition of relative modulus in coal seams
Authors: Zhang Xin , Si Guangyao , Bai Qingsheng , Oh Joung , Jiao Biao , Cai Wu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Discrete fracture network (DFN) commonly existing in natural rock masses plays an important role in geological complexity which can influence rock fracturing behaviour during fluid injection. This paper simulated the hydraulic fracturing process in lab-scale coal samples with DFNs and the induced seismic activities by the discrete element method (DEM). The effects of DFNs on hydraulic fracturing, induced seismicity and elastic property changes have been concluded. Denser DFNs can comprehensively decrease the peak injection pressure and injection duration. The proportion of strong seismic events increases first and then decreases with increasing DFN density. In addition, the relative modulus of the rock mass is derived innovatively from breakdown pressure, breakdown fracture length and the related initiation time. Increasing DFN densities among large (35–60 degrees) and small (0–30 degrees) fracture dip angles show opposite evolution trends in relative modulus. The transitional point (dip angle) for the opposite trends is also proportionally affected by the friction angle of the rock mass. The modelling results have much practical meaning to infer the density and geometry of pre-existing fractures and the elastic property of rock mass in the field, simply based on the hydraulic fracturing and induced seismicity monitoring data.
Pulmonary Embolism in a Young Patient with Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Dulcetti A. , Bruscia C. , Malena D. M. , Murante G. , Angelino A. , March M. Rocchietti , Mariani B. , Alfei B. , Martocchia A. , Sesti G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by the presence of proteinuria of ≥ 3,5 g/24 h, hypoalbuminemia < 2.5 g/dl, peripheral edema, and severe hyperlipidaemia. NS is associated with increased risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and, consequently, pulmonary embolism (PE). We report a case of a severe PE in a young patient with NS, admitted to the Emergency Medicine Department of the University Hospital Sant’Andrea of Rome. The aim of this report is to allow a more comprehensive knowledge of the NS and its related PE highlighting both the risk of underdiagnosis and the need of a multidisciplinary approach by a team of different specialists. We also reviewed pathophysiology of hypercoagulability in NS characterized by the imbalance of prothrombotic and antithrombotic factors, and by impaired thrombolytic activities. A more complete knowledge of the clinical and laboratory features of NS and its related PE appears to be crucial for the early diagnosis and treatment.
Vibration and aeroacoustic analysis of defective cooling fans: effects of blade faults on noise, turbulence, and performance efficiency
Authors: Alhazmi Mohammed W. , Alsoufi Mohammad S. , Bawazeer Saleh A. , Hijji Hasan H. , Alhazmi Hani , Alqurashi Hazzaa F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Studying cooling fans’ vibration, noise, and airflow characteristics is crucial for several practical and performance-related reasons, particularly in electronics, automotive, HVAC, and manufacturing industries. Therefore, the present study examines a cooling fan’s vibration, noise, and airflow characteristics subjected to artificial defects that usually might occur in practice, including holes, vertical, and horizontal cracks. Frequency-domain and time-domain analyses identified horizontal cracks as the most disruptive, producing a peak vibration amplitude of 0.136 ± 0.003 m/s2 at

$$3\times BPF$$

3
×
B
P
F

(675 Hz) and a 74.2 ± 1 dB noise level. Vertical cracks resulted in 0.0333 ± 0.002 m/s2 and 73.8 ± 1 dB, while artificial holes generated 0.08791 ± 0.002 m/s2 and 67.3 ± 1 dB. Airflow velocity decreased significantly across all defect types, with horizontal cracks reducing it from 2.55 ± 0.05 m/s to 2.1 ± 0.05 m/s. These findings demonstrate the critical impact of defect type and severity on system performance. The study underscores the importance of incorporating uncertainty analysis into vibration and noise diagnostics to ensure accurate fault detection and efficient cooling system maintenance.
Nonlinear Interaction of the Lunar Tide M2 and the Diurnal Variation of Electron Density in the Ionosphere
Authors: Hocke Klemens , Pedatella Nicholas M. , Yamazaki Yosuke 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGround‐based observations of time series of ionospheric electron density indicated the existence of spectral components at the periods of the lunar tidal constituents (25.82 hr) and (8.18 hr). It was unclear whether these variations are excited by and tides propagating from the surface into the ionosphere or if the variations are due to a nonlinear interaction of the semidiurnal lunar tide with the diurnal variation of ionization (). A simulation was performed with the NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME‐GCM). In the stratosphere at the lower boundary of TIME‐GCM, the signal of the atmospheric semidiurnal lunar tide is introduced. The TIME‐GCM simulation of January–February 2009 shows that the electron density variation in the equatorial region contains not only a spectral component of the period but also spectral components of the and periods fulfilling the nonlinear interaction resonance condition for the frequencies of the wave triads ( + = ) and ( − = ). The nonlinear interaction resonance condition of the zonal wavenumbers of these wave triads is also fulfilled. Moreover, the relevance of nonlinear interaction of and is supported by observations of total electron content (TEC). The amplitude spectrum of the long‐term time series of TEC shows that the quasi‐diurnal and terdiurnal lunar spectral lines precisely occur at the frequencies of − and + .
Frequency‐Drifting Plasmaspheric Hiss Events Triggered by Three Consecutive Substorms in the Earth's Magnetosphere
Authors: Yi Siyang , Liu Nigang , Yu Jiang , Li Kun , Cui Jun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWhistler‐mode waves are frequently observed electromagnetic emissions in planetary space. In the Earth's magnetosphere, the generation processes of whistler‐mode waves within the high‐density plasmasphere, referred to as plasmaspheric hiss, remain an open question. Here, based on the Van Allen Probes data, we report plasmaspheric hiss events triggered by three consecutive substorms within an interval of 10 hr. These plasmaspheric hiss waves span a wide spatial region from post‐midnight to prenoon (MLT), with varying intensity, frequency coverage, and propagation characteristics, yet share a similar frequency‐drifting feature characterized by an increasing lower cutoff frequency over timescales exceeding 1 hr. Our analyses indicate that energy‐dispersive injected electrons associated with the three substorms excite frequency‐drifting whistler‐mode waves in the outer plasmasphere around dawn, which subsequently propagate through the plasmasphere with the frequency‐drifting feature retained. These events elucidate the direct link between substorm injection and plasmaspheric hiss, providing observational evidence for the excitation of hiss waves inside the plasmasphere by substorm injections.
Utilization of machine learning algorithm in the prediction of rehospitalization during one-year post traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Aly Salma , Chen Yuying , Ahmed Abdulaziz , Wen Huacong , Mehta Tapan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Study design
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective
The primary aim was to develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict rehospitalization during the first year of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) and to identify top predictors using data obtained during initial rehabilitation. The secondary aim was to predict prolonged hospital stay among the rehospitalized group.

Setting
Eighteen SCI Model Systems centers throughout the United States.

Methods
Data were retrieved from the National Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Database. The participants were divided into 2 groups based on rehospitalization during the first year of injury. Those who experienced rehospitalization during first year were further grouped into prolonged stay (>75th quartile of the total length of stay) or non-prolonged stay. Variables considered in models included socio-demographic factors, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities.

Results
The best performing classification models were Random Forest for predicting rehospitalization and Adaptive Boosting for prolonged stay. The most important predictors in both models were the degree of functional independence, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scores, age, days from injury to rehabilitation admission and body mass index. Additionally, for prolonged stays, pressure injury as a reason for rehospitalization was top predictor.

Conclusion
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and ASIA scores emerge as key predictors of both rehospitalizations and prolonged rehospitalizations. These findings may assist clinicians in patient risk assessment. Furthermore, the identification of pressure injury as a primary predictor for prolonged stays signifies a targeted focus on preventive measures for pressure injury-related rehospitalizations, offering a specific strategy to enhance patient care and outcomes.