bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Fish Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions with Oleosin Extracted from Canola Meal
Authors: Wijesundera Chakra , Boiteau Thomas , Xu Xinqing , Shen Zhiping , Watkins Peter , Logan Amy 
Published: August 2013

AbstractInternational dietary guidelines advocate replacement of saturated and trans fat in food with unsaturated oils. Also, there is growing interest in incorporating highly unsaturated omega‐3 oils in to food products due to beneficial health effects. A major obstacle to incorporating highly unsaturated oils in to food products is the extreme susceptibility to oxidative deterioration. Oil bodies were prepared from tuna oil, oleosin, and phospholipid mimicking natural oil bodies within oilseed. Oleosin was extracted from canola (Brassica napus) meal by solubilization in aqueous sodium hydroxide (pH 12) and subsequent precipitation at its isoelectric point of pH 6.5. The tuna oil artificial oil bodies (AOBs) readily dispersed in water to produce oil‐in‐water (o/w) emulsions, which did not coalesce on storage and were amenable to pasteurization using standard conditions. Accelerated oxidation studies showed that these AOB emulsions were substantially more resistant to lipid oxidation than o/w emulsions prepared from tuna oil using Tween40, sodium caseinate, and commercial canola protein isolate, respectively. There is potential to use commercial canola meal, which is cheap and abundant, as a natural source of oleosin for the preparation of physically and oxidatively stable food emulsions containing highly unsaturated oils.
Distinguishing Nonpareil Marketing Group Almond Cultivars through Multivariate Analyses
Authors: Ledbetter Craig A. , Sisterson Mark S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMore than 80% of the world's almonds are grown in California with several dozen almond cultivars available commercially. To facilitate promotion and sale, almond cultivars are categorized into marketing groups based on kernel shape and appearance. Several marketing groups are recognized, with the Nonpareil Marketing Group (NMG) demanding the highest prices. Placement of cultivars into the NMG is historical and no objective standards exist for deciding whether newly developed cultivars belong in the NMG. Principal component analyses (PCA) were used to identify nut and kernel characteristics best separating the 4 NMG cultivars (Nonpareil, Jeffries, Kapareil, and Milow) from a representative of the California Marketing Group (cultivar Carmel) and the Mission Marketing Group (cultivar Padre). In addition, discriminant analyses were used to determine cultivar misclassification rates between and within the marketing groups. All 19 evaluated carpological characters differed significantly among the 6 cultivars and during 2 harvest seasons. A clear distinction of NMG cultivars from representatives of the California and Mission Marketing Groups was evident from a PCA involving the 6 cultivars. Further, NMG kernels were successfully discriminated from kernels representing the California and Mission Marketing Groups with overall kernel misclassification of only 2% using 16 of the 19 evaluated characters. Pellicle luminosity was the most discriminating character, regardless of the character set used in analyses. Results provide an objective classification of NMG almond kernels, clearly distinguishing them from kernels of cultivars representing the California and Mission Marketing Groups.
Identification of Bioactive Candidate Compounds Responsible for Oxidative Challenge from Hydro‐Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves
Authors: Karthivashan Govindarajan , Tangestani Fard Masoumeh , Arulselvan Palanisamy , Abas Faridah , Fakurazi Sharida 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFree radicals trigger chain reaction and inflict damage to the cells and its components, which in turn ultimately interrupts their biological activities. To prevent free radical damage, together with an endogenous antioxidant system, an exogenous supply of antioxidant components to the body in the form of functional food or nutritional diet helps undeniably. Research conducted by the Natl. Inst. of Health claimed that Moringa oleifera Lam possess the highest antioxidant content among various natural food sources based on an oxygen radical absorbent capacity assay. In this study, a 90% (ethanol:distilled water—90:10) gradient solvent was identified as one of the best gradient solvents for the effectual extraction of bioactive components from M. oleifera leaves. This finding was confirmed by various antioxidant assays, including radical scavenging activity (that is, 1, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl, H2O2, and NO radical scavenging assay) and total antioxidant capacity (that is, ferric reducing antioxidant power and molybdenum assay). High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints of the 90% gradient extract visually showed few specific peaks, which on further analysis, using HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS, were identified as flavonoids and their derivatives. Despite commonly reported flavonoids, that is, kaempferol and quercetin, we report here for the 1st time the presence of multiflorin‐B and apigenin in M. oleifera leaves. These findings might help researchers to further scrutinize this high activity exhibiting gradient extract and its bio‐active candidates for fruitful clinical/translational investigations.
Utilization of Barley or Wheat Bran to Bioconvert Glutamate to γ‐Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
Authors: Jin Wen‐Jie , Kim Min‐Ju , Kim Keun‐Sung 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study deals with the utilization of agro‐industrial wastes created by barley and wheat bran in the production of a value‐added product, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). The simple and eco‐friendly reaction requires no pretreatment or microbial fermentation steps but uses barley or wheat bran as an enzyme source, glutamate as a substrate, and pyridoxal 5’‐phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor. The optimal reaction conditions were determined on the basis of the temperatures and times used for the decarboxylation reactions and the initial concentrations of barley or wheat bran, glutamate, and PLP. The optimal reactions produced 9.2 mM of GABA from 10 mM glutamate, yielding a 92% GABA conversion rate, when barley bran was used and 6.0 mM of GABA from 10 mM glutamate, yielding a 60% GABA conversion rate, when wheat bran was used. The results imply that barley bran is more efficient than wheat bran in the production of GABA.
A new model for the pathozone of the take‐all pathogen, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici
Authors: Gosme M. , Lebreton L. , Sarniguet A. , Lucas P. , Gilligan C.A. , Bailey D.J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe pathozone (volume of soil surrounding subterranean plant organs within which a propagule must occur if it is to have any chance of infecting the organ) is usually described by statistical models lacking biological meaning. For this reason, pathozone results might be difficult to interpret and the estimated parameters cannot be re‐used in other studies. We developed a model with parameters reflecting life‐history traits concerning primary infections of soilborne pathogens. The model was then fitted to experimental data obtained from eight isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, causal agent of take‐all disease of wheat. Our model provided not only a mechanistic description for the pathozone dynamics, but also a better fit to the data than four other models published in the literature. Although the isolates displayed phenotypic variability in terms of pathozone dynamics, these differences did not map onto the G1 and G2 genetic subgroups known to occur in Ggt populations.
Expression studies of six human obesity‐related genes in seven tissues from divergent pig breeds
Authors: Cirera S. , Jensen M. S. , Elbrønd V. S. , Moesgaard S. G. , Christoffersen B. Ø. , Kadarmideen H. N. , Skovgaard K. , Bruun C. V. , Karlskov‐Mortensen P. , Jørgensen C. B. , Fredholm M. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryObesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and has become the cause of several major health risks worldwide. Presently, more than 100 loci have been related to obesity and metabolic traits in humans by genome‐wide association studies. The complex genetic architecture behind obesity has triggered a need for the development of better animal models than rodents. The pig has emerged as a very promising biomedical model to study human obesity traits. In this study, we have characterized the expression patterns of six obesity‐related genes, leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), fat mass and obesity associated (FTO), neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR)1 and adiponectin (ADIPOQ), in seven obesity‐relevant tissues (liver; muscle; pancreas; hypothalamus; and retroperitoneal, subcutaneous and mesenteric adipose tissues) in two pig breeds (production pigs and Göttingen minipigs) that deviate phenotypically and genetically from each other with respect to obesity traits. We observe significant differential expression for LEP, LEPR and ADIPOQ in muscle and in all three adipose tissues. Interestingly, in pancreas, LEP expression is only detected in the fat minipigs. FTO shows significant differential expression in all tissues analyzed, and NEGR1 shows significant differential expression in muscle, pancreas, hypothalamus and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The MC4R transcript can be detected only in hypothalamus. In general, the expression profiles of the investigated genes are in accordance with those observed in human studies. Our study shows that both the differences between the investigated breeds and the phenotypic state with respect to obesity/leanness play a large role for differential expression of the obesity‐related genes.
Port‐site metastases following robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery for gynecological malignancies
Authors: Lönnerfors Celine , Bossmar Thomas , Persson Jan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence and possible predictors associated with port‐site metastases following robotic surgery.DesignProspective study.SettingUniversity Hospital.PopulationWomen with gynecological cancer.MethodsThe occurrence of port‐site metastases in the first 475 women undergoing robotic surgery for gynecological cancer was reviewed.Main outcome measuresRate of port‐site metastases.ResultsA port‐site metastasis was detected in nine of 475 women (1.9%). Eight women had either an unexpected locally advanced disease or lymph‐node metastases at the time of surgery. All nine women received postoperative adjuvant therapy. Women with ≥ stage III endometrial cancer and women with node positive cervical cancer had a significantly higher risk of developing a port‐site metastasis, as did women with high‐risk histology endometrial cancer. Port‐site metastases were four times more likely to occur in a specimen‐retrieval port. One (0.2%) isolated port‐site metastasis was detected. The median time to occurrence of a port‐site metastasis was 6 months (range 2–19 months). Six of the nine women (67%) have died and their median time of survival from recurrence was 4 months (range 2–16 months).ConclusionIn women with gynecological cancer, the incidence of port‐site metastases following robotic surgery was 1.9%. High‐risk histology and/or advanced stage of disease at surgery seem to be contributing factors.
Perturbations to the IGF1 growth pathway and adult energy homeostasis following disruption of mouse chromosome 12 imprinting
Authors: Charalambous M. , da Rocha S. T. , Hernandez A. , Ferguson‐Smith A. C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimDisruption to insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathways during early life causes growth retardation and defects of developing metabolic organs that can alter set points of energy homeostasis for a lifetime. Inheritance of two maternal copies of human chromosome 14q32.2 (Temple syndrome) causes severe foetal growth retardation and post‐natal failure to thrive. Disruption of imprinted gene dosage in the orthologous region on mouse chromosome 12 also affects growth. Here, we investigated whether altering chromosome 12‐imprinted gene dosage can affect IGF signalling.MethodsWe investigated mice with a transgene insertion at the imprinted domain of chromosome 12. This lesion causes misexpression of neighbouring genes such that the expression of non‐coding RNAs is elevated, and levels of delta‐like homologue 1 (Dlk1), retrotransposon‐like 1 (Rtl1) and deiodinase 3 (Dio3) transcripts are reduced.ResultsWe observed three key phenotypes in these mice: (i) embryonic growth retardation associated with altered expression of IGF1 binding proteins, (ii) peri‐natal failure to thrive accompanied by hypothyroidism and low serum IGF1. Unexpectedly this phenotype was growth hormone independent. (iii) Adult animals had reduced glucose tolerance as a result of endocrine pancreatic insufficiency.ConclusionsWe propose that all of these phenotypes are attributable to impaired IGF action and show for the first time that the chromosome 12 cluster in the mouse is an imprinted locus that modulates the IGF signalling pathway. We propose that growth retardation observed in human Temple syndrome might have a similar cause.
Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy and thermal annuloplasty for professional athletes
Authors: Sairyo Koichi , Kitagawa Yasuhiro , Dezawa Akira 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntroductionPercutaneous endoscopic discectomy (PED) for herniated nucleus pulposus has become increasingly popular since first reported by Yeung and Tsou. Additionally, radiofrequency thermal annuloplasty (TA) with PED (PED/TA) has been reported to be effective for discogenic low back pain. We used the PED/TA procedure to successfully treat four professional athletes with discogenic low back pain.MethodsAll patients were men; their age at operation was 35, 35, 34, and 28 years. Daily low back pain was provoked by discography in all four patients, who had been receiving conservative but ineffective treatment for over 1 year. Surgery was conducted with the patients under local anesthesia. A cannula was placed posterior to the disc and ventral to the posterior annulus fibrosus through a 7‐mm skin incision. Degenerated nucleus pulposus at the site was removed percutaneously and the posterior annulus was modulated by bipolar radiofrequency TA.ResultsAfter surgery, low back pain was resolved in all cases. After effective post‐surgical rehabilitation with a physical trainer or physical therapist, all patients returned to their original competitive level.ConclusionPED/TA is a minimally invasive and effective procedure for discogenic low back pain, especially in athletes.
Concurrent and separate inside‐out transition of platelet apoptosis and activation markers to the platelet surface
Authors: Mutlu Asuman , Gyulkhandanyan Armen V. , Freedman John , Leytin Valery 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe cell plasma membrane is tightly coupled with the vital processes of apoptosis and activation. In the current study, we investigated exposure of the apoptosis marker phosphatidylserine (PS) and activation marker P‐selectin (CD62) on the plasma membrane of anucleate platelets. We found that, depending on triggering stimuli, the plasma membrane of human platelets may exist in four states with predominant exposure of (i) PS but not CD62 (75·9 ± 2·8% of total cells), (ii) CD62 but not PS (86·2 ± 1·3%), (iii) both PS and CD62 (89·6 ± 1·0%) or (iv) neither PS nor CD62 (87·9–97·5%), when platelets were treated at optimal conditions with pro‐apoptotic BH3 mimetic ABT‐737, thrombin, calcium ionophore A23187 or control diluents, respectively. The dynamics of PS exposure induced by ABT‐737 is a slow temperature‐dependent process requiring 90 min treatment at 37°C rather than at room temperature for obtaining high levels of PS exposure. In contrast, thrombin‐induced CD62 exposure and A23187‐induced PS and CD62 exposure showed fast temperature‐independent dynamics. This model of selective and concurrent stimulation of PS and/or CD62 transition to the platelet surface provides an experimental horizon for elucidating the roles of plasma membrane markers of platelet apoptosis and activation in platelet clearance.
Microsurgical denervation of rat spermatic cord: safety and efficacy data
Authors: Laudano Melissa A. , Osterberg E. Charles , Sheth Seema , Ramasamy Ranjith , Sterling Joshua , Mukherjee Sushmita , Robinson Brian D. , Parekattil Sijo , Goldstein Marc , Schlegel Peter N. , Li Philip S. 
Published: August 2013

Objective
To describe a microsurgical technique for denervation of the spermatic cord and use of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) laser to identify and ablate residual nerves after microsurgical denervation.
To evaluate structural and functional changes in the rat testis and vas deferens after denervation.
Materials and Methods
Nine Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups: sham, microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord (MDSC), and MDSC immediately followed by laser ablation with MPM.
At 2 months after surgery, we assessed testicular volume, functional circulation of the testicular artery with Doppler, patency of the vas deferens, and histology of the testis and vas deferens.
Results
There was a significant decrease in the median number of nerves remaining around the vas deferens with MDSC alone (3.5 nerves) or MDSC with MPM (1.5 nerves) compared with sham rats (15.5 nerves) (P = 0.003).
Although, MDSC with MPM resulted in the fewest remaining nerves, this result was similar to MDSC alone (P = 0.29).
No deleterious effects on spermatogenesis or vas patency were seen in the experimental groups when compared with the sham rats.
Conclusion
A microsurgical approach can be used to effectively and safely denervate the rat spermatic cord with minimal changes to structure and function of the testis and vas deferens.
MPM can be used as an adjunct to identify and ablate residual nerves after MDSC.
A national survey of radiation oncologists and urologists on recommendations of prostate‐specific antigen screening for prostate cancer
Authors: Kim Simon P. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Nguyen Paul L. , Ziegenfuss Jeanette Y. , Thompson R. Houston , Han Leona C. , Shah Nilay D. , Smaldone Marc C. , Gross Cary P. , Frank Igor , Weight Christopher J. , Beebe Timothy J. , Tilburt Jon C. 
Published: August 2013

Objective
To assess recommendations for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening in a national survey of radiation oncologists and urologists following the recent USA Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) grade D recommendation.
Methods
A random sample of 1366 radiation oncologists and urologists were identified from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile.
From November 2011 to April 2012, a mail survey was sent to query PSA screening recommendations for men at average risk of prostate cancer for the following age groups: 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–74, 75–79 and ≥80 years.
Multivariable logistic regression was used to test for differences in PSA‐based screening recommendations by physician characteristics.
Results
Response rates were similar at 52% for radiation oncologists and urologists (P = 0.92).
Overall, 51.5% of respondents recommended PSA‐based screening for men aged 40–49 years, while nearly all endorsed it for those aged 50–74 years (96.1% for 50–59, 97.3% for 60–69, and 87.7% for 70–74 years).
However, screening recommendations decreased to 43.9% and 12.8% for men aged 75–79 and ≥80 years, respectively.
On multivariable analysis, urologists were more likely to recommend screening for men aged 40–49 (odds ratio [OR] 3.09; P < 0.001) and 50–59 years (OR 3.81; P = 0.01), but less likely for men aged 75–79 (OR 0.66; P = 0.01) and ≥80 years (OR 0.45; P = 0.002) compared with radiation oncologists.
Conclusion
While radiation oncologists and urologists recommended PSA screening for men aged 50–69 years, there was less agreement about screening for younger (40–49 years old) and older (≥70 years) men at average risk for prostate cancer.
Role of multiparametric 3.0‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in patients with prostate cancer eligible for active surveillance
Authors: Park Bong H. , Jeon Hwang G. , Choo Seol H. , Jeong Byong C. , Seo Seong I. , Jeon Seong S. , Choi Han Y. , Lee Hyun M. 
Published: August 2013

Objective
To evaluate predictors of more aggressive disease and the role of multiparametric 3.0‐T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in selecting patients with prostate cancer for active surveillance (AS).
Patients and Methods
We retrospectively assessed 298 patients with prostate cancer who met the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) criteria, defined as T1c/T2, PSA level of ≤10 ng/mL, PSA density (PSAD) of <0.2 ng/mL2, Gleason score <7, and one or two positive biopsy cores.
All patients underwent preoperative MRI, including T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging, as well as radical prostatectomy (RP) between June 2005 and December 2011.
Imaging results were correlated with pathological findings to evaluate the ability of MRI to select patients for AS.
Results
In 35 (11.7%) patients, no discrete cancer was visible on MRI, while in the remaining 263 (88.3%) patients, a discrete cancer was visible. Pathological examination of RP specimens resulted in upstaging (>T2) in 21 (7%) patients, upgrading (Gleason score >6) in 136 (45.6%), and a diagnosis of unfavourable disease in 142 (47.7%) patients.
The 263 patients (88.3%) with visible cancer on imaging were more likely to have their cancer status upgraded (49.8% vs 14.3%) and be diagnosed with unfavourable disease (52.1% vs 14.3%) than the 35 patients (11.7%) with no cancer visible upon imaging, and these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001 for all).
A visible cancer lesion on MRI, PSAD, and patient age were found to be predictors of unfavourable disease in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
MRI can predict adverse pathological features and be used to assess the eligibility of patients with prostate cancer for AS.