bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating invasive and non-invasive methods to
determine fat content in the laboratory mouse
Authors: Oldknow KJ , Macrae VE , Farquharson C , Bünger L 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In the midst of an obesity epidemic in humans,
diet induced obesity studies in rodents are fundamental
to unravel the complex mechanisms underlying this
disease, ultimately resulting in the identification of new
preventative and therapeutic strategies. The current study
was designed to determine if high throughput multiobject
CT scanning was capable of providing precise
quantification of adipose tissue in C57BL/6 mice when
benchmarked to the gold standard method for evaluating
fat mass (freeze drying). We report a strong correlation
between body weight alone and fat percentage in our
mouse cohort (20 g-40 g, r = 0.95). The gonadal fat depot
was identified as the most accurate single predictor of
total fat mass (r = 0.931). Importantly, we observed a high
positive correlation between both live tissue weight and
dissected adipose tissue when correlated to CT predictions
(r ≥ 0.862), suggesting CT can accurately be used to predict
total fat mass/percentage and non-fat mass/percentage
in our cohort. We conclude that the use of multi-object
in vivo CT fat quantification is cost effective, accurate and
minimally invasive technique in the genetic manipulation
era to exploit lean/obese genes in the study of diet induced
obesity, allowing longitudinal studies to be completed in a
high throughput manner.
Synthesis and application of carbon based heterogeneous catalysts for ultrasound assisted biodiesel production
Authors: Gaikwad Namrata D. , Gogate Parag R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn the present work, carbon based heterogeneous acid catalysts have been prepared using various synthesis approaches based on the use of sustainable starting materials. The properties of the catalysts have been investigated using Fourier transformed infra-red (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature-programmed desorption (NH
Integrating traditional medical practice with primary healthcare system in Eritrea
Authors: Habtom GebreMichael Kibreab 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this paper was to assess the perceptions and attitudes of modern medical practitioners (MMPs) and traditional medical practitioners (TMPs) about traditional medical practice and to analyze the utilization of traditional medicine in Eritrea.

Methods: The data for this study were collected in a 10-month period from January to October 2004. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three sub-zones of Eritrea: Dekemhare, Ghinda, and Maekel. A total of 500 (250 each) MMPs and TMPs, and 1657 households were included in the study. Data were collected both by questionnaire and an interview (with key informants).

Results: Our study reveals that there is a significant difference in perception and attitude between MMPs and TMPs about traditional medical practice in Eritrea. Their differences lie not only in their way of thinking but also in their perceptions of man and health. Our study further shows that in most rural communities in Eritrea, the use of traditional medicine and self-care is extensive. This is the case even in the presence of the supposedly free/subsidized health care available in government health centers.

Conclusions: Higher confidence in traditional medicine for the treatment of serious illnesses, irrespective of availability of western medical service in many parts of Eritrea, indicates the need for selective integration of traditional medical practice with the primary healthcare system of the country.
2014 IN-CAM Research Symposium: The Next Wave of Complementary and Integrative Medicine and Health Care Research
Authors: Boon Heather , Kania-Richmond Ania , Verhoef Marja J. , Tsui Teresa , Danelesko Elaine 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The following are abstracts of oral and poster research presentations given at the 2014 IN-CAM Research Symposium, The Next Wave of Complementary and Integrative Medicine and Health Care Research, held November 6 to 8, 2014 at the Marriott Hotel, Calgary Alberta, Canada. The abstracts are grouped under the distinct groups and activities, which took place during the Symposium. For more information, please visit: www.incamresearch.ca.
New crystal structures in the realm of 5,5′-azotetrazolates
Authors: Lampl Martin , Laus Gerhard , Braun Doris E. , Kahlenberg Volker , Wurst Klaus , Fuhrmann Gerda , Schottenberger Herwig , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The preparation of six new 5,5′-azotetrazolates with organic cations is reported. Differential scanning calorimetry of all compounds showed exothermic decompositions. The crystal structures of the six 5,5′-azotetrazolates were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The phase purities of the bulk samples were confirmed by Pawley fits of the experimental and calculated powder X-ray diffraction patterns.
Grasp the Weapon of Culture! Radical Avant-Gardes and the Los Angeles Free Press
Authors: Mount Andre 
Published: February 2015

In the 17 June 1966 issue of the Los Angeles Free Press, members of a group calling themselves the Los Angeles Hippodrome advertised an upcoming event: an “Homage to Arnold Schoenberg.” The ad seems to suggest nothing out of the ordinary: a recital of the composer’s complete piano works along with a slideshow of his visual art and the playing of a recorded lecture. The facing page, however, paints a very different picture. There, the Free Press reproduced a series of manifestos written by the event’s organizers. The manifestos range in content from lengthy ruminations on the death of art to a cartoon of a dog-like creature brandishing a knife and poised to cut off the head of a snake above the words “GRASP THE WEAPON of CULTURE!” With their absurdist humor and heady, abstract proselytizing, these statements stand in marked contrast to the refined poise of the music of the Second Viennese School.
To address this incongruity, one must look beyond the Los Angeles Hippodrome to several other closely related communities. Dorothy Crawford (1995) provides an invaluable account of one such group in Los Angeles, focusing primarily on a circle of modernist music enthusiasts who organized and attended the Monday Evening Concerts series. But the individuals behind the “Homage to Schoenberg” were in equally close contact with participants in the Freak Movement, a Los Angeles manifestation of the 1960s counterculture led by iconoclastic rock guitarist Frank Zappa. Despite superficial differences, the political affinities and geographic proximity of these groups facilitated a free transmission of values and ideas that blurred the boundaries between them.
ELEKTRONİK ORTAMDA ALIŞVERİŞ YAPANLARIN KONTROLSÜZ SATIN ALMA EĞİLİMLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ: İNTERAKTİF BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: Üster Zeynep 
Published: February 2015

Son yıllarda teknolojideki ilerlemeler ile birlikte internet kullanımı da farklılaşmaktadır. Her konuda bilgi ihtiyacını karşılayan internet artık tüketiciler için ürünlere daha hızlı, daha kolay ve daha ucuz ulaşabilecekleri bir alışveriş ortamı haline gelmiştir. İnternetin hayatı kolaylaştıran yanları elektronik ortamı alışveriş için cazip hale getirmektedir. Ancak bütün bu avantajların bir yan etkisi olarak tüketiciler online ortamda ihtiyacı olmayan ürünleri de satın alma şeklinde bir davranış göstermeye başlamaktadır. Bu araştırmadaki amaç elektronik ortamda alışveriş yapan tüketicilerin kontrolsüz satın alma eğilimlerini incelemektir. Diğer alt amaçlar ise, tüketicilerin demografik özellikleri, psikolojik etkenler vb. faktörlerin tüketicilerin kontrolsüz satın alma eğilimlerine olan etkisini saptamaya çalışmaktır. Ayrıca elektronik ortamda kontrolsüz satın almayı etkileyen faktörleri de incelemektir. Uygulama kısmında ise, elektronik ortamda alışveriş yapan tüketicilerin kontrolsüz satın alma davranışlarının incelenmesi amacıyla interaktif ortamda bir uygulama yapılmıştır. Anket yöntemi ile veri toplanılan bu bölümde geçerliliği olan 245 tane anket formu SPSS yazılım programında analiz edilmiştir. İfadelerin güvenilirlik analizleri, frekans dağılımı ve faktörler elde edilmiş, MANOVA analizleri ile farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.
Youth Tobacco Product Use in the United States
Authors: Lee Youn Ok , Hebert Christine J. , Nonnemaker James M. , Kim Annice E. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND:
Noncigarette tobacco products are increasingly popular among youth, especially cigarette smokers. Understanding multiple tobacco product use is necessary to assess the effects of tobacco products on population health. This study examines multiple tobacco product use and associated risk factors among US youth.

METHODS:
Estimates of current use were calculated for cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, hookah, e-cigarettes, pipes, bidis, kreteks, snus, and dissolvable tobacco by using data from the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey (n = 24 658), a nationally representative sample of US middle and high school students. Associations between use patterns and demographic characteristics were examined by using multinomial logistic regression.

RESULTS:
Among youth, 14.7% currently use 1 or more tobacco products. Of these, 2.8% use cigarettes exclusively, and 4% use 1 noncigarette product exclusively; 2.7% use cigarettes with another product (dual use), and 4.3% use 3 or more products (polytobacco use). Twice as many youth use e-cigarettes alone than dual use with cigarettes. Among smokers, polytobacco use was significantly associated with male gender (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] = 3.71), by using flavored products (aRRR = 6.09), nicotine dependence (aRRR = 1.91), tobacco marketing receptivity (aRRR = 2.52), and perceived prevalence of peer use of tobacco products (aRRR = 3.61, 5.73).

CONCLUSIONS:
More than twice as many youth in the United States currently use 2 or more tobacco products than cigarettes alone. Continued monitoring of tobacco use patterns is warranted, especially for e-cigarettes. Youth rates of multiple product use involving combustible products underscore needs for research assessing potential harms associated with these patterns.
Sodium and Sugar in Complementary Infant and Toddler Foods Sold in the United States
Authors: Cogswell Mary E. , Gunn Janelle P. , Yuan Keming , Park Sohyun , Merritt Robert 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the sodium and sugar content of US commercial infant and toddler foods.

METHODS:
We used a 2012 nutrient database of 1074 US infant and toddler foods and drinks developed from a commercial database, manufacturer Web sites, and major grocery stores. Products were categorized on the basis of their main ingredients and the US Food and Drug Administration’s reference amounts customarily consumed per eating occasion (RACC). Sodium and sugar contents and presence of added sugars were determined.

RESULTS:
All but 2 of the 657 infant vegetables, dinners, fruits, dry cereals, and ready-to-serve mixed grains and fruits were low sodium (≤140 mg/RACC). The majority of these foods did not contain added sugars; however, 41 of 79 infant mixed grains and fruits contained ≥1 added sugar, and 35 also contained &gt;35% calories from sugar. Seventy-two percent of 72 toddler dinners were high in sodium content (&gt;210 mg/RACC). Toddler dinners contained an average of 2295 mg of sodium per 1000 kcal (sodium 212 mg/100 g). Savory infant/toddler snacks (n = 34) contained an average of sodium 1382 mg/1000 kcal (sodium 486 mg/100 g); 1 was high sodium. Thirty-two percent of toddler dinners and the majority of toddler cereal bars/breakfast pastries, fruit, and infant/toddler snacks, desserts, and juices contained ≥1 added sugar.

CONCLUSIONS:
Commercial toddler foods and infant or toddler snacks, desserts, and juice drinks are of potential concern due to sodium or sugar content. Pediatricians should advise parents to look carefully at labels when selecting commercial toddler foods and to limit salty snacks, sweet desserts, and juice drinks.
New records of the hairy crab Pilumnus dasypodus (Decapoda, Brachyura, Pilumnidae) in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Moraes Sávio Arcanjo Santos Nascimento , Alencar Carlos Eduardo Rocha Duarte , Thomsen Elena , Freire Fúlvio Aurélio Morais 
Published: February 2015

Pilumnus dasypodus is reported for the first time in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. Sampling occurred in the north and south coast of the state in four locations (the farthest about 500 km of the known south distribution of the species). This new record increases the information about the distribution of this species, showing a possible relationship between the distribution of species and the Atlantic Tropical Ecoregion.
New record and update on the geographical distribution of Pintomyia monticola (Costa Lima, 1932) (Diptera: Psychodidae) in South America
Authors: Andrade Andrey José de , Gurgel-Gonçalves Rodrigo 
Published: February 2015

The phlebotomine sand fly Pintomyia monticola (Costa Lima, 1932) is recorded for the first time in Brasília, central-west Brazil. A review of the geographical distribution of the species in South America is presented, and its distribution is extended. The potential geographical distribution of P. monticola is predicted based on ecological niche modeling. Ecological aspects of this species are discussed.
First report of Pterinotrematoides mexicanum Caballero &amp; Bravo-Hollis, 1955 (Monogenea, Macrovalvitrematidae) in Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) from the coastal zone of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Gallas Moisés , Da Silveira Eliane Fraga , Périco Eduardo 
Published: February 2015

: In South America, Pterinotrematoides mexicanum Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1955 has been reported in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and in Argentina parasitizing Micropogonias furnieri (Des­marest, 1823). In this paper, the first record of P. mexicanum in the same host from the coastal zone of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil is presented, filling a gap of occurrence of P. mexicanum. The morphology of P. mexicanum is re­described and compared with that of Neopterinotrematoides avaginata Suriano, 1975.
N-type semiconducting perylene diimide based molecules for organic solar cells
Authors: Kotowski D. , Luzzati S. , Kozma E. , Catellani M. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTCore substituted perylene diimides (PDIs) are promising candidates as non-fullerene acceptor materials for organic solar cells. The functionalization of PDIs in the bay positions using chemical groups with different electron donating abilities and with steric hindrance is a versatile tool to modify both the optoelectronic properties and the morphology in the solid state.Herein we present two new PDI based molecules having bulky aromatic substituents linked into the bay positions: PDI-SF with spirobifluorene group and PDI-BSF with bithienyl-spirobifluorene moieties. The high steric hindrance of spirobifluorene reduce the tendency to form aggregates that has been identified as a limiting factor for the photovoltaic performances in PDI based solar cells.The PDI molecules were tested as electron acceptors in bulk heterojunction solar cells with P3HT as electron donor. Power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 1.58% and 1.18% were obtained for PDI-SF and PDI-BSF devices.
TaqIB and severity of coronary artery disease in the Turkish population: a pilot study
Authors: Kaman Dilara , İlhan Necip , İlhan Nevin , Akbulut Mehmet 
Published: February 2015

The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a crucial role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. Genetic variants that alter CETP concentration may cause significant alterations in HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration. In this case-control study, we analyzed the genotype frequencies of CETP Taq1B polymorphisms in coronary artery disease patients (CAD; n=210) and controls (n=100). We analyzed the role of the CETP Taq1B variant in severity of CAD, and its association with plasma lipids and CETP concentration. DNA was extracted from 310 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The Taq1B polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Lipid concentrations were measured by an auto analyzer and CETP level by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In our study population, the B2 allele frequency was higher in control subjects than patients with single, double or triple vessel disease. B2B2 genotype carriers had a significantly higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration than those with the B1B1 genotype in controls (51.93±9.47versus 45.34±9.93; p<0.05) and in CAD patients (45.52±10.81 versus 40.38±9.12; p<0.05). B2B2 genotype carriers had a significantly lower CETP concentration than those with the B1B1 genotype in controls (1.39±0.58 versus 1.88±0.83; p< 0.05) and in CAD patients (2.04±1.39versus 2.81±1.68; p< 0.05). Our data suggest that the B2 allele is associated with higher concentrations of HDL-C and lower concentrations of CETP, which confer a protective effect on coronary artery disease.
Field Assessment of Resistance QTL to Common Cutworm in Soybean
Authors: Oki Nobuhiko , Komatsu Kunihiko , Takahashi Masakazu , Takahashi Motoki , Kono Yuhi , Ishimoto Masao 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe common cutworm (CCW; Spodoptera litura Fabricius) is a herbivorous insect pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Asia and Oceania. Previous genetic analyses revealed that the CCW‐resistant soybean cultivar Himeshirazu possessed resistance alleles of two quantitative trait loci, CCW‐1 and CCW‐2, for antibiosis and qRslx1 for antixenosis, although CCW‐1 and qRslx1 are likely to be the same locus. Here we assessed the effects of these resistance loci under field conditions using three near‐isogenic lines (NILs) with different combinations of resistant alleles. Larval densities were evaluated in the three NILs and parental cultivars. The NIL with CCW‐1 (qRslx1) had lower larval densities than the susceptible recurrent parent Fukuyutaka on almost all investigation dates, and significant differences were detected multiple times. Conversely, the NIL with CCW‐2 showed no significant differences in larval densities compared with Fukuyutaka. To our knowledge, this is the first report to indicate that CCW‐1 (qRslx1) is effective for CCW resistance under field conditions. Notably, Himeshirazu represented more distinct resistance compared with the three NILs, indicating Himeshirazu may possess resistance gene(s) other than CCW‐1 (qRslx1) and CCW‐2.
Cultural tourism: new opportunities for diversifying the tourism industry in Botswana
Authors: Saarinen Jarkko , Moswete Naomi , Monare Masego J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Botswana is known as a wilderness and safari-tourism destination, which attracts high-end overseas visitors to the country. Since the 1990s the country’s tourism policy has been based on a so called ‘High Value - Low Volume’ (HVLV) strategy referring to the aim of attracting limited numbers of tourists with high expenditure patterns. However, while such tourism operations have contributed to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country and offered investment opportunities for international companies, the position of Botswana as a HVLV destination is increasingly criticised. It is seen as offering too narrow prospects for the growth of the industry and for the local participation and benefit sharing in tourism in future. Hence, there is a need for diversification of the product with deeper involvement of local people to tourism. Therefore, communities and Botswana’s cultural and heritage attractions are increasingly seen as one of the future cornerstones of tourism development. This paper provides an overview of cultural tourism with specific reference to existing cultural and heritage attractions and the potential thereof for tourism in Botswana. The paper concludes that while the role of culture is still underutilised in tourism, the cultural tourism in Botswana has the potential to contribute to a more equitable distribution of tourism-based development and the related benefits for local communities.
Indian foreign direct investments in Africa: a geographical perspective
Authors: Anwar Mohammad Amir 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Foreign direct investments (FDI) into Africa from developing economies have grown substantially over the past decade. While the focus of the enquiry among the geographers has been the rise of Chinese investments in Africa, India has become an important ‘Asian driver’ within the ‘new scramble for Africa’. This article highlights the geography of Indian involvement in Africa in terms of its growing scale, new patterns and the emerging complex structure of Indian investments. The article finds that the nature of India-Africa trade relationship mirrors colonial trade relationships between India and the Great Britain. The Indian investments in Africa are resource- oriented and fused with geopolitical dynamics, driven by capitalistic agendas.
Agritourism and local economic development in South Africa
Authors: Rogerson Christian M. , Rogerson Jayne M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The role of tourism for local economic development (LED) is a topic of critical importance for geographers. In the case of South Africa tourism is a priority sector for national economic development. The significance of research issues around tourism and LED is underlined by the ‘developmental’ mandate of local governments. Although tourism has received attention in a growing body of LED writings on South Africa issues around agritourism so far have been overlooked. Agritourism represents an evolving form of rural tourism which is targeted at mainly urban consumers. Against the background of a review of international scholarship on agritourism this article explores its potential implications for LED planning in South Africa. A national audit of agritourism is presented which shows its uneven geographical distribution. Agritourism is of special significance for small town economic development in South Africa’s intermediate tourism spaces. Policy suggestions are offered for strengthening agritourism as a driver for LED in South Africa.
Urban land restitution in Cape Town: demanding the return of land rights in Constantia and Kensington/Ndabeni
Authors: Donaldson Ronnie , Hyman Glen , Chang David , Confiado André , Ruiz Ana María , Salud Ssicarú , Yildiz Sanem 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
One of the hallmark policies implemented post-apartheid, the Restitution of Land Rights Act 22 of 1994, is a rights-based program aimed at addressing the loss of land resulting from past racially discriminatory laws or practices. The aim of this research was to identify what are the factors that determine the different outcomes of the restitution process when claimants are demanding the return of land rights and to highlight the challenges regarding the implementation of this land restitution policy. Focusing on two specific yet contrasting areas in Cape Town, Constantia and Kensington, it was determined that due to factors pertaining to the lands in question, the neighborhood surrounding the lands, the claimants, as well as the organization, function, and performance of different public entities, the policy has managed to fulfill restorative justice, but has yet to fulfill its ultimate goal of returning land rights to the claimants and undoing the injustices of the apartheid regime.