bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired sexual activity in young ischaemic stroke patients: an observational study
Authors: Bugnicourt J.‐M. , Hamy O. , Canaple S. , Lamy C. , Legrand C. 
Published: October 2013

Background and purposeThe present study sought to determine the impact of stroke on sexual function and well‐being in a cohort of young ischaemic stroke patients and identify factors associated with impairment.MethodsOver a 2‐year period, all patients aged 60 or under with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (n = 156) were included. Information on sexual function and well‐being was obtained by means of a paper questionnaire mailed to participants 1 year after their stroke. Impaired sexual activity (ISA) was defined as a decline in sexual function and/or satisfaction. Psychological well‐being was evaluated on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).ResultsThe response rate was 67% (n = 104). Thirty of these responders (29%) reported ISA. Patients with ISA had a higher HADS score (19.7 vs. 11.2 in patients with no impairment; P < 0.001), anxiety score (10.0 vs. 6.3; P < 0.001) and depression score (8.7 vs. 4.8; P < 0.001) and were more likely to have left brain lesions (70% vs. 30%; P < 0.001) and use angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (73% vs. 31%; P < 0.001) and diuretics (50% vs. 19%; P = 0.003). In a stepwise logistic regression, depression (odds ratio 9.1, 95% confidence interval 2.45−33.46; P = 0.001) and ACE inhibitor use (odds ratio 6.0, 95% confidence interval 2.11−17.28; P = 0.001) were associated with ISA.ConclusionsImpaired sexual activity was reported by almost one‐third of younger patients 1 year after ischaemic stroke. Factors associated with post‐stroke ISA may include specific medications and depression rather than the characteristics of the stroke per se.
Pre‐ and postcopulatory sexual selection and the evolution of sexually dimorphic traits in earwigs (Dermaptera)
Authors: Kamimura Yoshitaka 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDermaptera (earwigs) is a relatively small polyneopteran order with approximately 2200 described species. They are characterized by a pair of forceps, which are hardened, unsegmented cerci at the caudal end of the abdomen. In most species, males have more exaggerated forceps than females, indicating an effect of sexual selection on them. Earwigs also exhibit astonishing diversity in the number, laterality and size of both male and female genital components. This characteristic has promoted the study of postcopulatory sexual selection in several representative species. Here, previous studies of earwigs that examined pre‐ and postcopulatory sexual selection are reviewed in detail. Related topics included here are sexually antagonistic coevolution, evolution of laterally asymmetrical morphologies, and developmental aspects of intra‐sexually dimorphic traits. A new terminology system for male genitalia is also proposed.
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory properties of benzalkonium chloride stabilizes adhesive interfaces
Authors: Sabatini Camila , Patel Shaival K. 
Published: October 2013

This study evaluated the effects of different concentrations of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) on the preservation of adhesive interfaces created with two etch‐and‐rinse adhesives and its inhibitory properties on dentin matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. The following groups were tested with the adhesive systems Optibond Solo Plus and All‐Bond 3: Group 1, adhesive without inhibitor (control); Group 2, topical 2.0% chlorhexidine (2.0% CHX); Group 3, phosphoric acid with 1.0%wt BAC (BAC‐PA); Group 4, 0.25% BAC‐adhesive (0.25% BAC); Group 5, 0.5% BAC‐adhesive (0.5% BAC); Group 6, 1.0% BAC‐adhesive (1.0% BAC); and Group 7, 2.0% BAC‐adhesive (2.0% BAC). Composite cylinders were fabricated, and shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated after 24 h, 6 months, and 18 months of storage. Extracts from concentrated demineralized human dentin powder were subjected to SDS‐PAGE and incubated in the presence of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% BAC. Overall, stable bonds were maintained for 18 months. Improved bond strengths were seen for 0.5% BAC and 1.0% BAC when bonding with Optibond Solo Plus, and for 0.25% BAC and 0.5% BAC when bonding with All‐Bond 3. Zymographic analysis revealed complete inhibition of gelatinolytic activity with BAC. Benzalkonium chloride, at all concentrations, inhibited dentin proteolytic activity, which seems to have contributed to the improved bond stability after 18 months for specific combinations of BAC concentration and adhesive.
The role of stress as a trigger for epileptic seizures: A narrative review of evidence from human and animal studies
Authors: Novakova Barbora , Harris Peter R. , Ponnusamy Athi , Reuber Markus 
Published: October 2013

SummaryStress is one of the most frequently self‐identified seizure triggers in patients with epilepsy; however, most previous publications on stress and epilepsy have focused on the role of stress in the initial development of epilepsy. This narrative review explores the causal role of stress in triggering seizures in patients with existing epilepsy. Findings from human studies of psychological stress, as well as of physiologic stress responses in humans and animals, and evidence from nonpharmacologic interventions for epilepsy are considered. The evidence from human studies for stress as a trigger of epileptic seizures is inconclusive. Although retrospective self‐report studies show that stress is the most common patient‐perceived seizure precipitant, prospective studies have yielded mixed results and studies of life events suggest that stressful experiences only trigger seizures in certain individuals. There is limited evidence suggesting that autonomic arousal can precede seizures. Interventions designed to improve coping with stress reduce seizures in some individuals. Studies of physiologic stress using animal epilepsy models provide more convincing evidence. Exposure to exogenous and endogenous stress mediators has been found to increase epileptic activity in the brain and trigger overt seizures, especially after repeated exposure. In conclusion, stress is likely to exacerbate the susceptibility to epileptic seizures in a subgroup of individuals with epilepsy and may play a role in triggering “spontaneous” seizures. However, there is currently no strong evidence for a close link between stress and seizures in the majority of people with epilepsy, although animal research suggests that such links are likely. Further research is needed into the relationship between stress and seizures and into interventions designed to reduce perceived stress and improve quality of life with epilepsy.
Bilateral stereotactic radiofrequency amygdalohippocampectomy for a patient with bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Luo Huimin , Zhao Quanjun , Tian Zengmin , Wu Zhaohui , Wang Fuli , Lin Hong , Yin Feng , Zhao Hulin , Xiao Xia , Yu Xue , Wang Haiying , Zhao Hongxi , Cai Changlan 
Published: October 2013

SummaryTo search for a method for treatment of bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (BTLE), we report one patient with BTLE experienced bilateral stereotactic radiofrequency amygdalohippocampectomy (SAHE). Neuropsychological examinations were performed before and 5 days, and 6, 18, and 48 months after operation. No seizure occurred in the follow‐up time, and no long‐term memory and intelligence deficits were found except for a transient decline of the scores immediately after operation. Because severe damage of memory could be caused by bilateral resection surgery, bilateral SAHE should be considered as a possible approach for the treatment of BTLE. However, further studies with accumulation of cases are needed, especially in the detailed assessment of neuropsychological function.
Epilepsy in ring 14 syndrome: A clinical and EEG study of 22 patients
Authors: Giovannini Simona , Marangio Lucia , Fusco Carlo , Scarano Angela , Frattini Daniele , Della Giustina Elvio , Zollino Marcella , Neri Giovanni , Gobbi Giuseppe 
Published: October 2013

SummaryPurposeTo characterize epileptic phenotype, electroencephalography (EEG) features, and epileptic evolution in patients with ring 14 r(14) syndrome.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with ring chromosome 14 were enrolled in the study. We examined age at onset, seizure semiology and frequency at onset and at follow‐up, drug responsiveness/resistance, and interictal/ictal EEG data. The degree of severity of the epileptic phenotype negatively influences child cognitive development.Key FindingsThe incidence of epilepsy in patients with r(14) syndrome is virtually 100%, characterized by early onset, polymorphic seizures, and drug‐resistant seizures. In addition, we ascertained focal secondarily generalized epilepsy, seizure cluster tendency, frequent status epilepticus, and a rather typical epilepsy evolution. EEG abnormalities consisted of slow background activity with pseudoperiodic bursts of generalized slow waves in the early stage, focal frontotemporal or temporoposterior slow waves with multifocal spikes interposed, and unusual rhythmic fast recruiting posterior spikes followed by secondary generalization. The degree of severity of the epileptic phenotype negatively influences child cognitive development.SignificanceThis study provides a more precise definition of seizure types, natural history, and drug responsiveness of r(14) syndrome, a highly epileptogenic chromosomal condition.
Variation in Note Composition ofChick‐a‐deeCalls is Associated with Signaler Flight in Carolina Chickadees,Poecile carolinensis
Authors: Freeberg Todd M. , Mahurin Ellen J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractChick‐a‐deecalls are used in a wide range of social contexts inPoecile(chickadee) species. These calls comprise a number of distinct note types. Earlier naturalistic observational studies suggested that the ‘C’ note type was used frequently in calls of Carolina chickadees (P. carolinensis) in the context of flight. We conducted three field studies with Carolina chickadees to test in more experimentally manipulative ways whetherChick‐a‐deecalls with more ‘C’ notes were associated with flight. The three studies differed in how they elicited flight behavior from chickadees, as well as in the likely arousal levels experienced by the birds. First, we captured chickadees and released them, recording any calls they produced in flight or when later perched after escape. Second, we approached chickadees that were foraging near the ground in field settings and recorded any calls they produced when perched compared to when they were in flight. Third, from a distant blind, we recorded chickadees flying to and from feeding stations, in which the closest perching substrate/cover was at least 2 m away from the feeding station, thus requiring flight. In all three studies, calls contained more ‘C’ notes when birds were in flight compared to when they were perched. This work expands our understanding of variation in note composition ofchick‐a‐deecalls beyond the contexts of food and predator detection to the context of movement. Studies are now needed to test whether such variation inchick‐a‐deecalls brings about group cohesion.
Color Polymorphism in Spiny Spiders (Gasteracantha fornicata): Testing the Adaptive Significance of a Geographically Clinal Lure
Authors: Kemp Darrell J. , Holmes Claire , Congdon Bradley C. , Edwards Will 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMany sit‐and‐wait predators use conspicuous displays of color to attract prey. These displays sometimes express discrete polymorphisms; however, the adaptive drivers of such variation are not well understood. Here, we explore a previously unknown color polymorphism in the orb‐web spider Gasteracantha fornicata. We discovered that in North Queensland, Australia, female spiders exhibit dorsal bands appearing (to the human observer) either white or yellow and characterized by sigmoidal spectral curves centered on approx. 447 and 496 nm, respectively. Based on sensory drive theory, we hypothesized that morphs may be alternatively favored by the switch in ambient viewing conditions engendered by sunny vs. cloudy skies. We addressed this hypothesis indirectly by studying morph frequencies across a approx. 200 km geographic gradient of solar exposure (a surrogate for cloudiness), and by investigating the phenotypic signature of catch success via a resource stress experiment and in wild spiders. Our data indicate substantial geographic variation in morph frequency, with white morphs dominating at more cloudy northern locations. Rather than a gradual cline, morph frequency inverted mid‐way along this range and was closely fit by a logistic relationship with latitude. Experimentally restricted access to larger prey caused spiders to lose more mass than size and to exhibit less bright dorsal markings. Wild‐sampled spiders from two localities of divergent morph frequency indicated no differences in residual mass, but intriguingly, the white morph was larger and heavier (than the yellow morph) where it was relatively rare. Our data hint at negative frequency dependence, but remain broadly consistent with a sensory drive explanation based on cloudiness, and we suggest these as worthy avenues for closer investigation.
Cobreeding in the Burying Beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides: Tolerance Rather Than Cooperation
Authors: Komdeur Jan , Schrama Maarten J. J. , Meijer Kim , Moore Allen J. , Beukeboom Leo W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUnder intra‐ and interspecific competition, cooperative behaviour can provide direct fitness benefits if individuals work together to expel intruders. In the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, a relatively small species, multiple unrelated pairs can breed together, and individuals are weak competitors in interactions when competing with larger individuals of the same species and with larger species of the same genus. In field and laboratory studies, we found that two pairs together attracted significantly fewer congeneric and non‐congeneric competitors compared with single pairs. No other benefits were found. Communal breeding had large negative effects on fitness, as there were fewer offspring per pair and a higher chance of injuries. The higher chance of injuries reflected pairs fighting among themselves and not against competitors. These costs are much greater than the small benefit of fewer intruders. Why should a N. vespilloides breeding pair eventually allow another pair to join? A potential partial explanation is that these are not cooperative pairs in the traditional sense, but rather pairs have a higher tolerance for each other. From the resident's perspective, joining pairs are not expelled because the chance of injury makes the cost of fighting high. Joining others may have unusually low costs in this species because reproductive opportunities are rare, dependent on a resource that is unpredictable in time and space, and residents should be inclined to tolerating new pairs because of the cost of fighting. Thus, for N. vespilloides, communal breeding appears to be ‘making the best of a bad job’, providing some reproduction rather than none.
Evolutionary and plastic responses of freshwater invertebrates to climate change: realized patterns and future potential
Authors: Stoks Robby , Geerts Aurora N. , De Meester Luc 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe integrated the evidence for evolutionary and plastic trait changes in situ in response to climate change in freshwater invertebrates (aquatic insects and zooplankton). The synthesis on the trait changes in response to the expected reductions in hydroperiod and increases in salinity indicated little evidence for adaptive, plastic, and genetic trait changes and for local adaptation. With respect to responses to temperature, there are many studies on temporal trait changes in phenology and body size in the wild that are believed to be driven by temperature increases, but there is a general lack of rigorous demonstration whether these trait changes are genetically based, adaptive, and causally driven by climate change. Current proof for genetic trait changes under climate change in freshwater invertebrates stems from a limited set of common garden experiments replicated in time. Experimental thermal evolution experiments and common garden warming experiments associated with space‐for‐time substitutions along latitudinal gradients indicate that besides genetic changes, also phenotypic plasticity and evolution of plasticity are likely to contribute to the observed phenotypic changes under climate change in aquatic invertebrates. Apart from plastic and genetic thermal adjustments, also genetic photoperiod adjustments are widespread and may even dominate the observed phenological shifts.
Combining genetic and demographic information to prioritize conservation efforts for anadromous alewife and blueback herring
Authors: Palkovacs Eric P. , Hasselman Daniel J. , Argo Emily E. , Gephard Stephen R. , Limburg Karin E. , Post David M. , Schultz Thomas F. , Willis Theodore V. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA major challenge in conservation biology is the need to broadly prioritize conservation efforts when demographic data are limited. One method to address this challenge is to use population genetic data to define groups of populations linked by migration and then use demographic information from monitored populations to draw inferences about the status of unmonitored populations within those groups. We applied this method to anadromous alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis), species for which long‐term demographic data are limited. Recent decades have seen dramatic declines in these species, which are an important ecological component of coastal ecosystems and once represented an important fishery resource. Results show that most populations comprise genetically distinguishable units, which are nested geographically within genetically distinct clusters or stocks. We identified three distinct stocks in alewife and four stocks in blueback herring. Analysis of available time series data for spawning adult abundance and body size indicate declines across the US ranges of both species, with the most severe declines having occurred for populations belonging to the Southern New England and the Mid‐Atlantic Stocks. While all alewife and blueback herring populations deserve conservation attention, those belonging to these genetic stocks warrant the highest conservation prioritization.
Carpal hyperextension in a Percheron mare caused by a palmar carpal ligament tear
Authors: Barba M. , McMaster M. , Albanese V. , Cole R. , Caldwell F. , Schumacher J. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryA Percheron mare was presented for acute, severe lameness and marked swelling of the right forelimb after being cast. The mare was initially diagnosed with cellulitis of the forelimb but as her condition improved and the affected limb was able to bear more weight it became apparent that the limb was hyperextended at the level of the carpus. Widening of the palmar aspect of the middle carpal joint was observed radiographically. During ultrasonographic examination, excessive fluid in the carpal sheath and perithecal swelling were noted and tearing of the palmar carpal ligament was suspected. A dynamic brace was fabricated to prevent hyperextension of the carpus. After discontinuation of systemic antibiotics, the mare became febrile and forelimb lameness worsened. Cytology of fluid from the middle carpal joint confirmed joint sepsis and the mare was anaesthetised for arthroscopic examination. A tear in the palmar carpal ligament, characterised by focal fibre disruption and fibrillation, was identified during arthroscopic and tenoscopic examination. Communication between the carpal flexor tendon sheath and middle carpal joint was identified during these procedures. Both the middle carpal joint and carpal flexor tendon sheath were lavaged with physiological saline solution. Post operatively, swelling and lameness slowly resolved. Four months after discharge, the mare was sufficiently sound to be maintained at pasture. Viewed from its lateral aspect, the limb no longer appeared to be hyperextended from the carpus.
A preventive multimodal analgesic strategy for bilateral rostral mandibulectomy in a horse
Authors: Minghella E. , Auckburally A. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThis case report describes the use of a wound soaker catheter as part of a preventive multimodal analgesic plan in a mare undergoing a bilateral rostral mandibulectomy. The administration of local anaesthetic into the surgical wound using a wound soaker catheter, together with systemic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid therapy, controlled post operative pain satisfactorily.
Antimicrobial peptides and pro‐inflammatory cytokines are differentially regulated across epidermal layers following bacterial stimuli
Authors: Percoco Giuseppe , Merle Chloé , Jaouen Thomas , Ramdani Yasmina , Bénard Magalie , Hillion Mélanie , Mijouin Lily , Lati Elian , Feuilloley Marc , Lefeuvre Luc , Driouich Azeddine , Follet‐Gueye Marie‐Laure 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe skin is a natural barrier between the body and the environment and is colonised by a large number of microorganisms. Here, we report a complete analysis of the response of human skin explants to microbial stimuli. Using this ex vivo model, we analysed at both the gene and protein level the response of epidermal cells to Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens), which are present in the cutaneous microbiota. We showed that both bacterial species affect the structure of skin explants without penetrating the living epidermis. We showed by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) that S. epidermidis and P. fluorescens increased the levels of transcripts that encode antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including human β defensin (hBD)2 and hBD3, and the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1α and (IL)‐1‐β, as well as IL‐6. In addition, we analysed the effects of bacterial stimuli on the expression profiles of genes related to innate immunity and the inflammatory response across the epidermal layers, using laser capture microdissection (LCM) coupled to qPCR. We showed that AMP transcripts were principally upregulated in suprabasal keratinocytes. Conversely, the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines was upregulated in the lower epidermis. These findings were confirmed by protein localisation using specific antibodies coupled to optical or electron microscopy. This work underscores the potential value of further studies that use LCM on human skin explants model to study the roles and effects of the epidermal microbiota on human skin physiology.