bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Désobéissance civile et libéralisme
Authors: Cervera-Marzal Manuel 
Published: June 2013

Résumé.Des citoyens peuvent-ils désobéir à la loi, pourtant issue de la volonté majoritaire et de la décision du Parlement légitimement élu, au seul motif qu'elle leur semble injuste ? Face à la pensée conservatrice, tenante de l'ordre établi et réfractaire à la moindre transgression (« mieux vaut une injustice qu'un désordre »), la philosophie libérale contemporaine a fourni une défense de la légitimité démocratique de la désobéissance civile. Cependant, les justifications rawlsienne et habermassienne de la désobéissance civile semblent bien timorées dès qu'on accepte de les comparer à la pensée politique des activistes désobéissants eux-mêmes, à savoir Gandhi, Martin Luther King et Howard Zinn. Cette « pensée désobéissante » méconnue, voire occultée, vient révéler les insuffisances et les présupposés de la conception libérale de la désobéissance civile.Abstract.Can citizens disobey the law, which comes from the will of the majority and the decision of the legitimately elected Parliament, merely because it seems to them unjust? Opposing conservative thought, which defends the established order and condemns any transgression, contemporary liberal thought has provided a defense of the democratic legitimacy of civil disobedience. However, the Rawlsian and Habermasian justifications of civil disobedience seem rather weak when compared to the political thought of disobedient activists themselves, namely Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr. and Howard Zinn. This overlooked “disobedient thought” reveals the shortcomings and assumptions of the liberal concept of civil disobedience.
The genus Dirina (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) revisited
Authors: TEHLER Anders , ERTZ Damien , IRESTEDT Martin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDirina (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) is a monophyletic genus of crustose, saxicolous or corticolous lichenized fungi. Twenty-four species are accepted in the genus, including nine new species: Dirina angolana, D. arabica, D. astridae, D. canariensis, D. indica, D. madagascariensis, D. pacifica, D. pallescens and D. sorocarpa. A phylogenetic hypothesis is presented based on data from four molecular markers, β-tubulin, ITS 1 and 2, nuLSU and RPB2, including all recognized Dirina species worldwide. New combinations proposed include Dirina badia for Roccellina badia, Dirina jamesii for Roccellina jamesii, Dirina candida for Chiodecton candidum and Dirina teichiodes for Lecidea teichiodes. Two species are reinstated: Dirina approximata and D. monothalamia (as a new name of Chiodecton africanum). Asexual morphs described earlier at the rank forma are no longer recognized as taxonomic units viz., Dirina catalinariae f. sorediata, D. insulana f. sorediata, D. massiliensis f. sorediata, D. paradoxa ssp. paradoxa f. sorediata and D. massiliensis f. aponina. One species, Dirina calcicola, is transferred to Fulvophyton and two other species, Dirina insulae-howensis and Dirina neozelandica, are transferred to Schismatomma. Dirina follmannii is not accepted in Dirina and placed as incertae sedis. A key to the species of Dirina is provided. Vicariance through plate tectonics and continental drift versus long distance dispersal to explain biogeographical patterns is discussed.
Lichen biogeography at the largest scales
Authors: ARCADIA Linda in 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA quantitative cluster analysis of lichen distribution data demonstrates that the main biogeographical subdivision in the world's lichen biota is into a Gondwanan and a Laurasian element. Patterns at smaller scales mainly reflect local climate. Wallace's line is not a significant boundary for lichens. The Gondwana / Laurasia split also applies to lichenicolous fungi. To a considerable extent, it applies to many of the larger families and orders of lichens too, though at these ranks the affinities of the lichen biota of eastern Asia and temperate North America are sometimes ambiguous.
DSM-IV defined conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder: an investigation of shared liability in female twins
Authors: Knopik V. S. , Bidwell L. C. , Flessner C. , Nugent N. , Swenson L. , Bucholz K. K. , Madden P. A. F. , Heath A. C. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundDSM-IV specifies a hierarchal diagnostic structure such that an oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) diagnosis is applied only if criteria arenotmet for conduct disorder (CD). Genetic studies of ODD and CD support a combination of shared genetic and environmental influences but largely ignore the imposed diagnostic structure.MethodWe examined whether ODD and CD share an underlying etiology while accounting for DSM-IV diagnostic specifications. Data from 1446 female twin pairs, aged 11–19 years, were fitted to two-stage models adhering to the DSM-IV diagnostic hierarchy.ResultsThe models suggested that DSM-IV ODD–CD covariation is attributed largely to shared genetic influences.ConclusionsThis is the first study, to our knowledge, to examine genetic and environmental overlap among these disorders while maintaining a DSM-IV hierarchical structure. The findings reflect primarily shared genetic influences and specific (i.e. uncorrelated) shared/familial environmental effects on these DSM-IV-defined behaviors. These results have implications for how best to define CD and ODD for future genetically informed analyses.
Intermediate representations exclude embodiment
Authors: Dove Guy 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGiven that Pickering & Garrod's (P&G's) account integrates language production and comprehension, it is reasonable to ask whether it is compatible with embodied cognition. I argue that its dependence on rich intermediate representations of linguistic structure excludes embodiment. Two options are available to supporters of embodied cognition: They can adopt a more liberal notion of embodiment or they can attempt to replace these intermediate representations with robustly embodied ones. Both of these options face challenges.
The role of action in verbal communication and shared reality
Authors: Echterhoff Gerald 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn examining the utility of the action view advanced in the Pickering & Garrod (P&G) target article, I first consider its contribution to the analysis of language vis-à-vis earlier language-as-action approaches. Second, I assess the relation between coordinated joint action, which serves as a blueprint for dialogue coordination, and the experience of shared reality, a key concomitant and product of interpersonal communication.
Is there any evidence for forward modeling in language production?
Authors: Mylopoulos Myrto I. , Pereplyotchik David 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe neurocognitive evidence that Pickering & Garrod (P&G) cite in favor of positing forward models in speech production is not compelling. The data to which they appeal either cannot be explained by forward models, or can be explained by a more parsimonious model.
Prediction is no panacea: The key to language is in the unexpected
Authors: Rabagliati Hugh , Bemis Douglas K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFor action systems, the critical task is to predict what will happen next. In language, however, the critical task is not to predict the next auditory event but to extract meaning. Reducing language to an action system, and putting prediction at center, mistakenly marginalizes our core capacity to communicate the novel and unpredictable.
When to simulate and when to associate? Accounting for inter-talker variability in the speech signal
Authors: Trude Alison M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPickering & Garrod's (P&G's) theory could be modified to describe how listeners rapidly incorporate context to generate predictions about speech despite inter-talker variability. However, in order to do so, the content of “impoverished” predicted percepts must be expanded to include phonetic information. Further, the way listeners identify and represent inter-talker differences and subsequently determine which prediction method to use would require further specification.
Seeking predictions from a predictive framework
Authors: Jaeger T. Florian , Ferreira Victor 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe welcome the proposal to use forward models to understand predictive processes in language processing. However, Pickering & Garrod (P&G) miss the opportunity to provide a strong framework for future work. Forward models need to be pursued in the context of learning. This naturally leads to questions about what prediction error these models aim to minimize.
Forward models and their implications for production, comprehension, and dialogue
Authors: Pickering Martin J. , Garrod Simon 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOur target article proposed that language production and comprehension are interwoven, with speakers making predictions of their own utterances and comprehenders making predictions of other people's utterances at different linguistic levels. Here, we respond to comments about such issues as cognitive architecture and its neural basis, learning and development, monitoring, the nature of forward models, communicative intentions, and dialogue.
Can restoration of afforested peatland regulate pests and disease?
Authors: Gilbert Lucy 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Government policies are driving landscape‐scale changes in land use to provide ecosystem services; but there may be unconsidered cascading effects. A major land use change targeted for regulating climate and biodiversity is peatland restoration. This will cause changes in vegetation and, potentially, keystone species such as large herbivores, which are the main hosts to Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks, the most important vector of disease‐causing pathogens in Europe.

This study tested the impact of restoring peatlands from conifer forestry on Ixodes ricinus abundance and explored the likely mechanisms. Large‐scale surveys of Ixodes ricinus, vertebrate herbivores and vegetation were conducted in adjacent areas of forest, bog and areas felled 5–13 years previously.

Questing tick abundance was greatest in forest and almost absent from blanket bog, with intermediate numbers in felled areas, where ticks were more abundant in young than in old felled areas.

The likely mechanisms for these variations in tick abundance were deer habitat preferences (bog was the least preferred habitat) and ground vegetation height or canopy cover, which are generally associated with alternative tick hosts and micro‐climates that aid tick questing and survival.

Synthesis and applications. Felling conifer forest to restore peatlands could produce a dramatic decline in tick abundance throughout the restoration process, with implications for disease risk. Therefore, a further ecosystem service of peatlands in addition to climate, biodiversity and water regulation is regulating pests and disease. Deer management and procedures that speed up the restoration process are likely to enhance the effect during the intermediate stages.
18FDG PET and PET‐CT for the detection of bone metastases in patients with head and neck cancer. A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yi Xuelian , Fan Min , Liu Yilin , Zhang Hongting , Liu Shixi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIntroductionWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate 18FDG PET/PET‐CT for the detection of bone metastases in patients with head and neck cancer.MethodsWe calculated sensitivities, specificities, likelihood ratios, and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic curves for PET and PET‐CT, respectively. We also compared the performance of PET/PET‐CT with that of bone scintigraphy by analysing studies that had also used bone scintigraphy on the same patients.ResultsAcross 9 PET studies (1621 patients) and 10 PET‐CT studies (1291 patients), sensitivity and specificity of PET were 0.81 and 0.99, and of PET‐CT were 0.89 and 0.99, respectively. In 5 comparative studies (1184 patients), sensitivity and specificity of PET/PET‐CT were 0.85 and 0.98, and of bone scintigraphy were 0.55 and 0.98, respectively.Conclusions18FDG PET and PET‐CT have high sensitivity and accuracy for the detection of bone metastasis in patients with head and neck cancer.
Improving reading comprehension in reading and listening settings: The effect of two training programmes focusing on metacognition and working memory
Authors: Carretti Barbara , Caldarola Nadia , Tencati Chiara , Cornoldi Cesare 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundMetacognition and working memory (WM) have been found associated with success in reading comprehension, but no studies have examined their combined effect on the training of reading comprehension. Another open question concerns the role of listening comprehension: In particular, it is not clear whether training to improve reading comprehension must necessarily be based on processing written material or whether, as suggested in a recent study by Clarke et al. (2010, Psychol. Sci., 21, 1106), a programme based on verbal language could also be effective.AimsThe study examined the feasibility of improving text comprehension in school children by comparing the efficacy of two training programmes, both involving metacognition and WM, but one based on listening comprehension, the other on reading comprehension.ParticipantsThe study involved a sample of 159 pupils attending eight classes in the fourth and fifth grades (age range 9–11 years).MethodThe listening and reading programmes focused on the same abilities/processes strictly related to text comprehension, and particularly metacognitive knowledge and control, WM (per se and in terms of integrating information in a text). The training programmes were implemented by school teachers as part of the class's normal school activities, under the supervision of experts. Their efficacy was compared with the results obtained in an active control group that completed standard text comprehension activities.ResultsOur results showed that both the training programmes focusing on specific text comprehension skills were effective in improving the children's achievement, but training in reading comprehension generated greater gains than the listening comprehension programme.ConclusionsOur study suggests that activities focusing specifically on metacognition and WM could foster text comprehension, but the potential benefit is influenced by the training modality, that is, the Reading group obtained greater and longer‐lasting improvements than the Active control or Listening groups.
Urban Land Restitution and the Struggle for Social Citizenship in South Africa
Authors: Beyers Christiaan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTReintegrating the city is a priority of social justice and development in many urban centres of the ‘South’ that bear the legacy of forced displacement. In South Africa, much of the land restitution programme has thus far focused on urban areas. In certain large cluster claims involving the transfer and development of significant tracts of well‐placed land, restitution has presented the prospect of altering landed property regimes in the heart of the city. The predominantly rural and economic emphasis in scholarship and policy debate on land reform in South Africa — which reflects historical trends in development studies — has led to a narrowed vision of what is at stake in urban land restitution. Complex interventions aimed at redressing urban spatial segregation can potentially alter the relationship between citizens, institutions and urban space in ways that expand the possibilities for social and political agency in sites that are strategically important for influencing the direction of change more broadly. A key, as yet unrealized, challenge is how to articulate such struggles for a ‘right to the city’ with efforts at redressing the spatialization of poverty on the urban periphery.
Association of pain with HbA1c in a predominantly black population of community‐dwelling adults with diabetes: a cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Herbert M. S. , Varley A. L. , Andreae S. J. , Goodin B. R. , Bradley L. A. , Safford M. M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsTo assess the relationship between pain and HbA1c levels in a predominantly black population with diabetes, and to determine whether self‐management behaviours (exercise and diet) and symptoms of depression mediate this relationship.MethodsWe analysed cross‐sectional data from 417 community‐dwelling individuals with diabetes in rural Alabama, USA. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between pain and HbA1c levels, defined as relatively good [≤ 64 mmol/mol (≤ 8.0%)] and relatively poor [> 64 mmol/mol (> 8.0%)], after adjusting for sociodemographics, insulin use, medication count, cigarette smoking history and body mass index (BMI). We examined the mediating roles of exercise, diet, and symptoms of depression using bootstrapping.ResultsParticipants were primarily black (86.6%), female (76.1%) and reported an annual income of ≤$20,000 (52.7%). Their mean (sd) age was 59.6 (12.8) years. The majority of the participants reported moderate to extreme pain (71.5%). Participants reporting pain were more than twice as likely to have HbA1c levels > 64 mmol/mol (8.0%) in the fully adjusted model (odds ratio 2.33 [95% CI 1.28–4.24]; P < 0.05). Diet significantly mediated the relationship between pain and HbA1c control (β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01–0.17), but only in the unadjusted model. Exercise and symptoms of depression were not significant mediators.ConclusionsA significant independent relationship between pain and HbA1c control was found in this mainly black population, which was not explained by self‐management behaviours or symptoms of depression. Future research is needed to delineate the mechanism by which pain influences HbA1c control, especially among black people with diabetes on low incomes.
Challenging the Aggressive Spillover Hypothesis: Is Pre‐Copulatory Sexual Cannibalism a Part of a Behavioural Syndrome?
Authors: Kralj‐Fišer Simona , Schneider Jutta M. , Kuntner Matjaž 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPre‐copulatory cannibalism – females devouring males during courtship – may bring no benefit to either sex. The ‘aggressive spillover hypothesis’ (ASH) posits that pre‐copulatory cannibalism represents a spillover of female aggressiveness from the juvenile foraging context, when aggressiveness is advantageous, to the adult mating context, when aggressiveness may be non‐adaptive or maladaptive. TheASHsuggests that individuals exhibit limited plasticity in aggressive behaviours because they are genetically canalised for indiscriminate aggressiveness towards prey and conspecifics, including males. Hence, a tendency to employ pre‐copulatory cannibalism is a part of the female aggression syndrome, an assertion generally accepted in the personality field. We here re‐evaluate the previous findings in the light of personality criteria, which we propose forASHvalidation: between‐individual differences, repeatability and heritability in tendency for pre‐copulatory attacks (and pre‐copulatory cannibalism) and voracity towards prey, and their correlation. To re‐evaluateASHand to allow for additional or alternative explanations, we ask whether pre‐copulatory cannibalism depends on female hunger, mating status, size and/or male quality. Finally, we ask whether cannibalistic females have a reduced reproductive success as predicted by theASH. While repeatability and heritability in voracity towards prey and its correlation with the tendency to engage in pre‐copulatory cannibalism were found in certain systems, we lack any evidence for repeatability and heritability in pre‐copulatory cannibalistic attempts and for its maladaptiveness. Rather than only resorting to theASH, foraging and mate choice hypotheses may also explain pre‐copulatory cannibalism. We suggest clarifying the use of the termssexual cannibalism(effect) andfemale aggressivenessortendency to attack and devour males(cause), and argue that male strategies to avoid cannibalism should be considered. We propose testing theASHas the explanation for pre‐copulatory cannibalism in those cases where female tendency to devour males correlates with actual pre‐copulatory cannibalism and when all the above criteria are fulfilled. Finally, we propose future directions for studying theASH.
Mate Choice and Mechanical Constraint on Size‐Assortative Paring Success in a Simultaneous Hermaphroditic Pond Snail Radix lagotis (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yu Tong Lei , Wang Li Ming 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBody size is expected to affect the mating behaviour and mating patterns of simultaneous hermaphrodites, because it can influence fecundity, mate choice and mechanical constraints to mating. However, there is a lack of detailed research on size‐dependent mating patterns in hermaphroditic species, including aquatic pulmonates. We investigated mating patterns and mating success in the simultaneous hermaphroditic pond snail Radix lagotis (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). We found that fecundity increased with body size and we observed a strong pattern of size‐assortative mating across two breeding seasons. Sperm donors were more likely to inseminate large snails than small snails, and pairings between two large individuals were more likely to result in successful copulations than pairings of two small individuals or two individuals of differing sizes. Other possible explanations (mechanical constraint) for these patterns are also discussed.
Mathematical models for optimizing production chain planning in salmon farming
Authors: Bravo Fernanda , Durán Guillermo , Lucena Abilio , Marenco Javier , Morán Diego , Weintraub Andrés 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe salmon farming production chain is structured in four consecutive phases: freshwater, seawater, plant processing, and distribution and marketing. The phases interact in a pull manner, freshwater stocks fish to meet seawater's demand, seawater produces to meet plant processing biomass demand, and the processing plant produces to satisfy consumers' demand. Freshwater planning decisions are in regard to which freshwater center the fish should be located depending on the state of development of the fish. The goal is to satisfy seawater's demand while minimizing costs. In the seawater phase, the fish are first placed in seawater centers, and then sent to the processing plant as they approach suitable harvest conditions. The goal of seawater is to maximize harvested biomass while satisfying processing plant's demand. This paper presents two mixed‐integer linear programming models—one for the freshwater phase and another for the seawater phase. These models are designed in such a way that the production planning is well integrated and more efficient and incorporates the requirements of the farm operator's freshwater and seawater units (biological, economic, and health‐related constraints) ensuring that production in both phases is better coordinated. The development of the two models was based on the farming operations of one of the main producer farms in Chile. Preliminary evaluations of the models indicate that they not only succeed in enforcing constraints that are difficult to be met by manual planning but also led to more effective results in terms of the objectives set out.