bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Carbohydrate‐Derived N‐Sulfonyl Aziridines.
Authors: Rodriguez‐Solla Humberto , Concellon Carmen , Alvaredo Noemi , Llavona Ricardo , Garcia‐Granda Santiago , Rosario Diaz M. , Soengas Raquel G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIodomethyllithium reacts with carbohydrate‐derived N‐sulfinylimines such as (I) in a highly stereoselective manner through an addition/oxidation protocol to afford the corresponding N‐sulfonyl aziridine after oxidative work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Neo‐Tanshinlactone via the Palladium‐Mediated Intramolecular Biaryl Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Abe Hitoshi , Kawai Toshitaka , Komatsu Yoshinori , Kamimura Mayu , Takeuchi Yasuo , Horino Yoshikazu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractStarting material (II) is prepared from commercially available compounds in 12 steps.
A computational approach to generate concurrent arterial networks in vascular territories
Authors: Blanco P. J. , de Queiroz R. A. B. , Feijóo R. A. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYIn this work, a computational procedure is proposed to vascularize anatomical regions supplied by many inflow sites. The proposed methodology creates a partition of the territory to be vascularized into nonoverlapping subdomains that are independently supplied by the so‐called perforator arteries (inflow sites). Then, in each subdomain, the constrained constructive optimization method is used to generate a network of vessels. The identification of subdomains in a certain vascular territory perfused by many perforator arteries turns out to be a fundamental problem towards understanding the morphological conformation of peripheral beds in the cardiovascular system. The methodology is assessed through two academic examples showing the main structural features of the so‐defined vascular territory partition and the corresponding arterial networks. In addition, the vascularization of a three‐dimensional sheet‐like tissue is presented with potential application in flap planning and design. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between insulin‐like growth factor I and metabolic syndrome: a general population study in German adults
Authors: Friedrich Nele , Nauck Matthias , Schipf Sabine , Völzke Henry , Brabant Georg , Wallaschofski Henri 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundA previous study showed an inverse association between the insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and the risk of impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus. Moreover, myocardial infarction patients with high baseline IGF‐I levels had a lower risk of diabetes mellitus. These data suggested a protective effect of IGF‐I against the development of metabolic syndrome. However, there are no longitudinal data regarding IGF‐I and metabolic syndrome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the longitudinal association between IGF‐I and metabolic syndrome.MethodsData from the population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania, Germany, were used for cross‐sectional (n = 3903) and longitudinal (n = 2143) analyses (5‐year follow‐up). Metabolic syndrome was defined by three or more of the following five components: abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure and elevated nonfasting glucose. Serum IGF‐I and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3) were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassays. Logistic and Poisson regression analyses were performed to determine associations.ResultsIn cross‐sectional analyses high IGFBP‐3 as well as high and low IGF‐I/IGFBP‐3 ratio levels were associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome. In longitudinal analyses, the direction of the relation changed: men but not women with high IGF‐I or IGF‐I/IGFBP‐3 ratio levels had an increased, whereas men with low levels had a decreased risk of incident metabolic syndrome.ConclusionIn concordance with previous studies, our cross‐sectional analyses showed a relation between low IGF‐I/IGFBP‐3 ratio and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. In contrast, the longitudinal analyses indicated that a high IGF‐I level was a risk marker for incident metabolic syndrome. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infrared absorption sensor for multiple gas sensing. Development of a Fabry–Perot spectrometer with ultrawide wavelength range
Authors: Enomoto Tetsuya , Suzuki Megumi , Iwaki Takao , Wado Hiroyuki , Takeuchi Yukihiro 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe report on a novel MEMS (microelectromechanical system) based on a Fabry–Perot spectrometer with an ultrawide wavelength range (3.2 to 8.4 µm) compared to the previously reported ones (typically 2.8 to 5.8 µm). The wavelength range of a Fabry–Perot spectrometer is known to be increased by increasing the ratio of the refractive indexes of the multilayer mirrors. Thus, a novel mirror structure was proposed, replacing a low‐refractive‐index layer of SiO2 (nL = 1.44) by air (nL = 1) for a wider wavelength range. The proposed device was fabricated by HF sacriﬁcial layer etching of SiO2 between four ultrathin polysilicon ﬁlms (ca. 320 nm). The following two ideas were adopted to fabricate this delicate structure properly. (1) Electrostatic force was generated only in the outer region surrounding the air mirror so as not to deform the mirror. (2) A supercritical drying process was employed after the sacriﬁcial etching to prevent possible sticking issues. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(5): 50–57, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10433
Cavity ring‐down spectroscopy using reﬂective semiconductor optical ampliﬁer
Authors: Tanimoto Hirokazu , Matuo Tatuya , Maeda Yoshinobu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn excellent cavity ring‐down spectroanalyzer was realized using a reﬂective semiconductor optical ampliﬁer. A negative feedback optical ampliﬁcation eﬀect in the ampliﬁer recovers signal loss to a higher degree and provides an output signal whose baseline is reduced optically. A sample cell was formed to meet ﬁbers in the face. 0.5% to 16% saccharose solutions were analyzed by the spectroanalyzer using a 1512‐nm laser. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(5): 37–41, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11378
Image transformation with cellularly connected evolutionary neural networks
Authors: Otsuka Junji , Yata Noriko , Nagao Tomoharu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe construction of image transformation manually requires large amounts of eﬀort, and thus several methods of automating it with machine learning, such as neural networks or genetic programming, have been proposed. Most of these methods are just constructed image ﬁlters that calculate an output value from values in the local area of each pixel independently. However, in several tasks, such as area detection, information on more distant areas is helpful to processing. In this paper, we introduce a new neural network model for automatic construction of image transformations. The proposed model is composed of a regular array of identical evolutionary neural networks, the Real‐Valued Flexibly Connected Neural Networks (RFCN) that we previously proposed, and each RFCN is connected to neighboring RFCNs. The proposed model is called Cellular RFCN (CRFCN). Because of the local connections, each RFCN can consider information on distant areas indirectly. We apply CRFCN to three image transformation tasks, compare it with other methods, and examine its eﬀectiveness. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(5): 17–27, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11460
Eﬀects of activation energy on transient response of semiconductor gas sensor
Authors: Fujimoto Akira , Ohtani Tatsuki 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOdor classifying gas sensors will be useful in many applications, such as gas detection alarms, process controls for food production, and so on. We have tried to realize a sensor using the transient responses of semiconductor gas sensors consisting of tin dioxide and have shown that the sensors gave diﬀerent transient responses for diﬀerent gases. Model calculations showed that the activation energy of chemical reactions on the sensor surface depends strongly on the transient response. We tried to estimate the activation energies by molecular orbital calculations for a SnO2 cluster. The results showed that there is a linear relationship between the gradient of the transient response and the activation energy for carboxylic acid and alcohol vapors. The transient response will be predictable from the activation energy of each gas, and odor discrimination by a single semiconductor gas sensor will be possible using this relationship. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(5): 11–16, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11475
Measurement of topcoat thickness of thermal barrier coating for gas turbines using terahertz waves
Authors: Fukuchi Tetsuo , Fuse Norikazu , Fujii Tomoharu , Okada Mitsutoshi , Fukunaga Kaori , Mizuno Maya 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe topcoat thickness of thermal barrier coating (TBC) samples was measured using terahertz (THz) waves. The index of refraction of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ), which is the topcoat material, is necessary to obtain the topcoat thickness from time domain reﬂectometry. Time domain THz spectroscopy was applied to YSZ samples, and the index of refraction was measured to be 4.8 in the frequency region 0.1 to 1.2 THz. The topcoat thickness of six diﬀerent TBC samples, which varied from 300 to 600 µm, was measured using THz waves. The results were in agreement with microscope observation results to within measurement error. In addition, the topcoat thickness proﬁle of a turbine blade sample was measured with a resolution of 2.4 µm. The proﬁle showed a standard deviation of 4 µm, which reﬂects the actual variation in the topcoat thickness. The results showed that THz waves are eﬀective for high‐resolution measurement of the topcoat thickness. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(4): 1–9, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22385
[Au(η2‐C2H4)3]+[Al(ORF)4]– – a Stable Homoleptic (Ethene)gold Complex
Authors: Schaefer Julia , Himmel Daniel , Krossing Ingo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe simple metathesis reaction of the silver(I) weakly coordinating anion (WCA) salt Ag[Al(ORF)4] {RF = C(CF3)3} with gold(I) chloride and ethene led to the formation of the second isolable tris(ethene)gold(I) complex, the last missing entry in the triad [M(C2H4)3]+[Al(ORF)4]– (M = Cu, Ag, Au). The Au atom is coordinated by three ethene ligands in a distorted trigonal‐planar manner in a so‐called spoke‐wheel arrangement. The formation of the tris(ethene) complex instead of the more expected bis(ethene) complex was analyzed by theoretical investigations and by a Born–Fajans–Haber cycle for [Au(C2H4)3]+[Al(ORF)4]– as well as the only other known example [Au(C2H4)3]+[SbF6]–.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Rhodium Complexes Featuring Ditopic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Thione Donors
Authors: Slivarichova Miriam , Haddow Mairi F. , Othman Hafiizah , Owen Gareth R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe N‐heterocyclic carbene NHC/thione ligand precursors 1‐[(3‐R‐2‐thioxo‐2H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl]‐3‐R‐2H‐imidazol‐2‐ium hexafluorophosphate, [HCSR]PF6 (R = methyl, benzyl) have been prepared and used in the synthesis of the complexes [Rh(CSR)(cod)][PF6] (R = methyl, benzyl; cod = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene). The coordination and structural features of the novel ditopic NHC/thione ligands have been explored.
Mortality salience and uncertainty: Similar effects but different processes?
Authors: Echebarria‐Echabe Agustín 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThree experimental studies investigated whether death‐thoughts avoidance as a consequence of mortality salience and need for certainty as a consequence of uncertainty are two different motivational states. The results suggest that although death‐thought avoidance and need for certainty are different constructs, they share a great deal of variance (anxiety plays a pivotal mediational role in both). However, whereas the impact of uncertainty on negative attitudes towards an out‐group with different worldviews (Arabs) was mediated only by anxiety (measured retrospectively), the effect of mortality salience was mediated by both retrospective anxiety and death‐thought accessibility. These findings imply that similar effects that have been obtained by these two manipulations are, at least partly, the result of different processes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
M13 Virus based detection of bacterial infections in living hosts
Authors: Bardhan Neelkanth M. , Ghosh Debadyuti , Belcher Angela M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe report a first method for using M13 bacteriophage as a multifunctional scaffold for optically imaging bacterial infections in vivo. We demonstrate that M13 virus conjugated with hundreds of dye molecules (M13‐Dye) can target and distinguish pathogenic infections of F‐ pili expressing and F ‐negative strains of E. coli. Further, in order to tune this M13‐Dye complex suitable for targeting other strains of bacteria, we have used a 1‐step reaction for creating an anti‐bacterial antibody ‐M13‐Dye probe. As an example, we show anti‐S. aureus ‐M13‐Dye able to target and image infections of S. aureus in living hosts, with a 3.7× increase in fluorescence over background. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of photodynamic therapy on the skin using the ultrashort laser ablation
Authors: Nicolodelli Gustavo , Angarita Dora Patricia Ramírez , Inada Natalia Mayumi , Tirapelli Luis Fernando , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPhotodynamic Therapy (PDT) with 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is known to be limited for applications in tumours of large volume mainly due to the limited penetration of topical photosensitization. The results show that micro‐holes created using a femtosecond laser before PDT significantly increased the depth of PDT effect in the healthy tissue. The combination of ultrashort laser ablation technique with PDT showed an important scientific breakthrough related to transportation and delivery of drugs into the deeper regions of the tissue. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The skeleton flight apparatus of North American bluebirds (Sialia): Phylogenetic thrushes or functional flycatchers?
Authors: Corbin Clay E. , Lowenberger Lauren K. , Dorkoski Ryan P. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTTo better understand ecological traits of organisms, one can study them from two, not necessarily mutually exclusive perspectives: how the traits evolved, and their current adaptive utility. In birds, foraging behavior and associated morphological traits generally are explained by a combination of adaptive and phylogenetic predictors. The avian skeleton and more specifically, the skeletal flight apparatus is under well‐known functional and phylogenetic constraints. This is an interesting area to partition the relative contributions of adaptive correlated evolution and phylogenetic constraint to species clustering in morphological space. A prediction of convergent evolution is that nonphylogenetic morphological clustering is a characteristic of ecological similarity. We tested this using representatives of North American birds from two clades, one with a mixture of foraging modes (Turdid thrushes, solitaires, and bluebirds) and one with more canalized foraging behaviors (Tyrannid flycatchers). Nine characters on the skeletal flight apparatus from 19 species were used to characterize the morphological space and test for ecomorphological clustering. When body size and phylogeny are considered, the three bluebird species and Townsend's solitaire cluster with the ecologically similar flycatchers rather than with their phylogenetic close relatives. Furthermore, sit‐and‐wait foragers tend to exhibit relatively long distal elements and a long keel while active ground foragers have deeper keels and a longer humerus. Distal elements, expected to be relatively shorter and more bowed in the flycatchers and bluebirds, were actually longer and narrower. A reduction of distal element mass may be more important for facilitating maneuverability than surface area for insertion of wing‐rotational musculature. J. Morphol. 274:909–917, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrospun fibers as a scaffolding platform for bone tissue repair
Authors: Lyu Seungyoun , Huang Chunlan , Yang Hong , Zhang Xinping 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of electrospun fiber diameter and orientation on differentiation and ECM organization of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), in attempt to provide rationale for fabrication of a periosteum mimetic for bone defect repair. Cellular growth, differentiation, and ECM organization were analyzed on PLGA‐based random and aligned fibers using fluorescent microscopy, gene analyses, electron scanning microscopy (SEM), and multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM). BMSCs on aligned fibers had a reduced number of ALP+ colony at Day 10 as compared to the random fibers of the same size. However, the ALP+ area in the aligned fibers increased to a similar level as the random fibers at Day 21 following stimulation with osteogenic media. Compared with the random fibers, BMSCs on the aligned fibers showed a higher expression ofOSXandRUNX2. Analyses of ECM on decellularized spun fibers showed highly organized ECM arranged according to the orientation of the spun fibers, with a broad size distribution of collagen fibers in a range of 40–2.4 μm. Taken together, our data support the use of submicron‐sized electrospun fibers for engineering of oriented fibrous tissue mimetic, such as periosteum, for guided bone repair and reconstruction. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1382–1389, 2013
Structural Key Bit Occurrence Frequencies and Dependencies in PubChem and Their Effect on Similarity Searches
Authors: Chen Nelson G. , Golovlev Val 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLittle published literature exists on the 881 bit structural keys used by PubChem for categorizing and comparing the compounds present in its database. We characterized these structural keys by examining their frequencies of occurrence within the PubChem compound database. In addition, bit dependencies, defined as the universal presence of a bit given the presence of another, were determined. We show that the vast majority of bits are rarely set and that substantial numbers of dependencies exist. A comparison of similarity searches with five United States Food and Drug Administration approved drugs as reference compounds using the full structural keys versus a variant in which all dependent bits were removed was performed using the Tanimoto coefficient. These bit dependencies not only affect similarity scores, but also alter the compounds returned in similarity searching. Judicious selection of bits is needed to maintain sufficient ability to differentiate related compounds.
Voltage‐based device tracking in a 1.5 tesla MRI during imaging: initial validation in swine models
Authors: Schmidt Ehud J. , Tse Zion T. H. , Reichlin Tobias R. , Michaud Gregory F. , Watkins Ronald D. , Butts‐Pauly Kim , Kwong Raymond Y. , Stevenson William , Schweitzer Jeffrey , Byrd Israel , Dumoulin Charles L. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeVoltage‐based device‐tracking (VDT) systems are commonly used for tracking invasive devices in electrophysiological cardiac‐arrhythmia therapy. During electrophysiological procedures, electro‐anatomic mapping workstations provide guidance by integrating VDT location and intracardiac electrocardiogram information with X‐ray, computerized tomography, ultrasound, and MR images. MR assists navigation, mapping, and radiofrequency ablation. Multimodality interventions require multiple patient transfers between an MRI and the X‐ray/ultrasound electrophysiological suite, increasing the likelihood of patient‐motion and image misregistration. An MRI‐compatible VDT system may increase efficiency, as there is currently no single method to track devices both inside and outside the MRI scanner.MethodsAn MRI‐compatible VDT system was constructed by modifying a commercial system. Hardware was added to reduce MRI gradient‐ramp and radiofrequency unblanking pulse interference. VDT patches and cables were modified to reduce heating. Five swine cardiac VDT electro‐anatomic mapping interventions were performed, navigating inside and thereafter outside the MRI.ResultsThree‐catheter VDT interventions were performed at >12 frames per second both inside and outside the MRI scanner with <3 mm error. Catheters were followed on VDT‐ and MRI‐derived maps. Simultaneous VDT and imaging was possible in repetition time >32 ms sequences with <0.5 mm errors, and <5% MRI signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) loss. At shorter repetition times, only intracardiac electrocardiogram was reliable. Radiofrequency heating was <1.5°C.ConclusionAn MRI‐compatible VDT system is feasible. Magn Reson Med 71:1197–1209, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A 1.5T MRI‐conditional 12‐lead electrocardiogram for MRI and intra‐MR intervention
Authors: Tse Zion Tsz Ho , Dumoulin Charles L. , Clifford Gari D. , Schweitzer Jeff , Qin Lei , Oster Julien , Jerosch‐Herold Michael , Kwong Raymond Y. , Michaud Gregory , Stevenson William G. , Schmidt Ehud J. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeHigh‐fidelity 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is important for physiological monitoring of patients during MR‐guided intervention and cardiac MRI. Issues in obtaining noncorrupted ECGs inside MRI include a superimposed magneto‐hydro‐dynamic voltage, gradient switching‐induced voltages, and radiofrequency heating. These problems increase with magnetic field. The aim of this study is to develop and clinically validate a 1.5T MRI‐conditional 12‐lead ECG system.MethodsThe system was constructed with transmission lines to reduce radiofrequency induction and switching circuits to remove induced voltages. Adaptive filters, trained by 12‐lead measurements outside MRI and in two orientations inside MRI, were used to remove the magneto‐hydro‐dynamic voltage. The system was tested on 10 (one exercising) volunteers and four arrhythmia patients.ResultsSwitching circuits removed most imaging‐induced voltages (residual noise <3% of the R‐wave). Magneto‐hydro‐dynamic voltage removal provided intra‐MRI ECGs that varied by <3.8% from those outside the MRI, preserving the true S‐wave to T‐wave segment. In premature ventricular contraction (PVC) patients, clean ECGs separated premature ventricular contraction and sinus rhythm beats. Measured heating was <1.5°C. The system reliably acquired multiphase (steady‐state free precession) wall‐motion‐cine and phase‐contrast‐cine scans, including subjects in whom 4‐lead gating failed. The system required a minimum repetition time of 4 ms to allow robust ECG processing.ConclusionHigh‐fidelity intra‐MRI 12‐lead ECG is possible. Magn Reson Med 71:1336–1347, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.