bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A05: Secondary consent to research use of biospecimens among men
Authors: Drake Bettina F. , MacMillan William , Haslag-Minoff Jennifer , Kaphingst Kimberly 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: Research conducted with stored biospecimens has substantial societal benefits. Equally important is the use of the samples for research unplanned at the time of consent for biospecimen collection; however, willingness to allow samples to be used for future research may vary by sociodemographic backgrounds. Much of the literature on secondary research use of biospecimens is conducted among women and therefore, little is known about male willingness to consent to secondary research use of biospecimens.
Methods: This study analyzed the future research consent questions from a prostate cancer biorepository study (N=1,932). The prostate cancer biorepository study enrolled men after a prostate cancer diagnosis but before treatment to collect serum and tissue for analyses on genetic, dietary and clinical risk factors for prostate cancer recurrence and mortality. On the consent form, men were asked three separate questions regarding participation in future studies: 1) May we use the materials collected in this study to analyze other factors? 2) May we share your information with other investigators at our institution without any protected health information? 3) May we share your information with other investigators at our university with protected health information? We analyzed each of these questions separately to determine significant predictors for consent to each of these questions. Predictors assessed included race, age, education, marital status, employment status, smoking history, family history of prostate cancer, stage of cancer, and grade of cancer.
Results: 99.33% consented to the secondary use of other factors; 98.39% consented to the secondary use with other investigators without any identifying information; and 68.88% consented to the secondary use with other investigators with identifying information. Race was the only significant predictor for each of the three questions. African-American men were significantly less likely to agree to the secondary use to analyze other factors (Chi sq=8.38, p=0.0152); to share samples without protected health information (Chi sq=29.79, p&lt;0.0001); or to share samples with protected health information (Chi sq=12.85, p=0.0016).
Conclusion: There is a general willingness to consent to secondary research use of biospecimens among men. However, African-American men remain less likely to consent to secondary research use than men of other racial backgrounds. Racial differences in willingness to consent affect whether data generated from biorepositories are applicable to African American men.
Citation Format: Bettina F. Drake, William MacMillan, Jennifer Haslag-Minoff, Kimberly Kaphingst. Secondary consent to research use of biospecimens among men. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A05. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-A05
Abstract A29: Community and academic partnership to prevent breast cancer: Experience from the Community Outreach and Preventive Services Core of a P20 Center
Authors: Rahman Saleh M.M. , Harris Cynthia M. , Mitchell Miaisha , Soliman Karam F.A 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: The Florida A&M University Center of Excellence for Cancer Research, Training and Community Service has developed a historical partnership with Leon and Gadsden, an urban and a rural County respectively, to eliminate cancer disparities through the Community Outreach and Preventive Services (COPS) Core. This partnership also aims at developing, implementing and evaluating theory-driven, culturally sensitive outreach intervention to increase breast cancer screening among underserved population.
Methods: The partnerships accomplish these goals by creating community-university coalition building through CBPR, social marketing campaign, disease prevention, training, and education. Key elements in this partnership are trust, reciprocity, power-sharing in decision making, open communication, and conflict resolution. Five strategies namely ‘Know Thyself’, ‘All the King's Men’, ‘Bonfire of Vanities’, ‘The Wonderful Wizard of Oz’ and ‘The Beautiful and the Damned’ (©Rahman) were used in the CBPR process. An evaluation plan and feedback mechanism was established based on Tuchman's model on stages in decision making such as forming, storming, norming and performing to identify strengths and weaknesses and to adopt specific strategies for improvement.
Results: Two local universities, seven community-based organizations, local health departments, the regional hospital, local chapters of national organizations and media channels are included in this partnership. Fifteen meetings as well as five community events were held and a total of 65 women were recruited for screening mammograms in the past seven months.
Conclusion: Preliminary evaluation indicates trustworthy partnership among stakeholders, successful initial recruitment and social marketing campaign. However, strategic improvements are needed for sustainable partnership to reduce cancer disparities.
Citation Format: Saleh M.M. Rahman, Cynthia M. Harris, Miaisha Mitchell, Karam F.A Soliman. Community and academic partnership to prevent breast cancer: Experience from the Community Outreach and Preventive Services Core of a P20 Center. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A29. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-A29
Abstract A38: High levels of breast cancer mortality: Social determinants of health impact rural African American women and how they conceptualize health in the Arkansas Delta
Authors: Greer-Williams Nancy J. , Enoch Kimberely S. , Starlard-Davenport Athena , Booth Brandon , Kieber-Emmons Thomas , Sarto Gloria E. , Henry-Tillman Ronda 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We know that certain components including demographics, cultural background, lifestyle choices and lack of access to health care contribute strongly to health disparities in rural regions of the United States. This paper explores perceptions of health, the environment, and the relationships between them that impact breast cancer mortality in the Arkansas Delta. The social-ecological model provides a conceptual approach to relate social determinates to health disparities. This exploratory study blended a community-based, qualitative approach with ecological theory. Our objective was to identify potential social determinants of health which impact these women's ability to seek medical advice or engage in breast cancer prevention in a timely manner. Methods: Qualitative data were gathered with (n=79) women, ranging in age from 18 to 84, who were residents of 3 rural Arkansas Delta communities. Respondents poignantly described issues that affect health disparities in their communities. Conclusions: The study identified potential social determinants of health, at multiple ecological levels, among African American women in three communities in the Arkansas Delta. The social determinants identified had the ability to impact a variety of health behaviors and health outcomes. Our findings show the value of qualitative approaches for exploring the complexities of rural breast cancer mortality.
Citation Format: Nancy J. Greer-Williams, Kimberely S. Enoch, Athena Starlard-Davenport, Brandon Booth, Thomas Kieber-Emmons, Gloria E. Sarto, Ronda Henry-Tillman. High levels of breast cancer mortality: Social determinants of health impact rural African American women and how they conceptualize health in the Arkansas Delta. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A38. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-A38
Abstract A65: Evaluating the reliability of an instrument assessing cancer clinical trial perceptions in a predominantly African American sample
Authors: Ford Marvella E. , Burshell Dana , Mack Franshawn , Wei Wei , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: African Americans (AA) are disproportionately impacted by cancer mortality compared to their European American (EA) counterparts. Greater participation in cancer clinical trials among AA could help to reduce this disparity. However, negative perceptions of trials appear to negatively impact trial participation among AA. The Attitudes towards Randomized Trials Questionnaire (ARTQ) has been found to be a reliable measure of trial perceptions among EA. However, the utility of this instrument has never before been tested among AA.
Objective: To evaluate the reliability of the ARTQ in assessing perceptions of cancer clinical trials in a predominantly AA sample.
Methods: Principal component analysis (PCA) and Cronbach's alpha estimates were used to assess the reliability of the ARTQ. The sample consisted of residents from South Carolina counties with high racial disparities in cancer mortality rates (N=315, 81.4% AA) who participated in the study between 2008 and 2013.
Results: Slightly more than half of the participants had at least a college diploma (60.8%), 84.8% were female, and 53.4 % had an annual household income of $40,000 or more. In this study, the PCA analysis confirmed the unidimensionality of the ARTQ. Cronbach's alpha for the ARTQ was 0.86.
Conclusion: The ARTQ displayed strong evidence of high statistical reliability in this predominantly AA sample. This analysis has great implications for future research as it represents the first test of reliability of the ARTQ in AA. The results lay the groundwork for use of the ARTQ in future studies in diverse populations. The ARTQ could be administered to potential trial participants to identify those whose trial perceptions indicate that they could benefit from participating in a clinical trials education program. The ARTQ could thus be used to foster communication with potential trial participants by highlighting areas where investigators could spend additional time describing the trial design and the safeguards in place for participants.
Citation Format: Marvella E. Ford, Dana Burshell, Franshawn Mack, Wei Wei, Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer. Evaluating the reliability of an instrument assessing cancer clinical trial perceptions in a predominantly African American sample. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A65. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-A65
Abstract A80: Acral melanoma in the Hawaiian Islands: Exploring immunologic PDL-1 signature in the minority population
Authors: Morita Shane Y. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: While acral melanoma (AM) is the least common subtype amongst the principal histologic variants of cutaneous melanoma (CM), darker-skinned individuals such as Asians, Pacific Islanders, and African Americans are more frequently affected. Asian/Pacific Islanders with AM in particular, exhibit the worst survival amongst all ethnic groups. Recent studies have profiled the importance of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1) in the therapeutic armamentarium for melanoma. However, the pathologic features and immunologic characteristics of AM evaluating PDL-1 in the minority population have not been thoroughly analyzed.
Methods: IRB approval was obtained for this retrospective analysis. From 2004 to 2011, 17 Asian/Pacific Islander patients histologically confirmed to have invasive AM were evaluated at a tertiary institution. Data including age, gender, tumor location, Breslow thickness, ulceration, tumor infiltration lymphocyte (TIL) status, and mitoses per mm squared were compiled. Immunohistochemistry was performed targeting the PDL-1 (CD274) antigen on primary tumor cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archived biospecimens. PDL-1 expression was graded on a scale from 0 (absent) to 2 (high).
Results: Our findings demonstrated that PDL-1 expression was low in this series (3/17; 17.6%). All AM patients had a non-brisk TIL response. A significant proportion of our entire cohort (8/17; 47.1%) exhibited thick primary lesions (&gt;4.0 mm) with a high propensity for ulceration (8/17; 47.1%). Demographics of the Asian/Pacific Islander cohort included mean age of 63.8 years (range 40-86) and male gender (9/17; 53 %). Tumor location primarily involved the foot (11/17; 64.7%); median Breslow thickness was 3.98 mm (range 0.96-11.0), and mean mitoses per mm squared was 3.9 (range 0-10). Conclusion: Asian/Pacific Islanders with AM were found to have a low frequency of PDL-1 expression. The lack of a brisk lymphocytic host response in AM may provide insight into its mechanism of tumorigenesis. This is the first study to our knowledge that has examined the immunologic signature of TIL and PDL-1 status in a multi-ethnic population of AM patients. This is compelling data that may be applied to patient selection in future trials utilizing immunotherapy.
Citation Format: Shane Y. Morita. Acral melanoma in the Hawaiian Islands: Exploring immunologic PDL-1 signature in the minority population. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A80. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-A80
Abstract A93: Human papillomavirus vaccine recommendations and beliefs among primary care providers in federally qualified health centers
Authors: Roland Katherine , Benard Vicki , Greek April , Hawkins Nikki , Manninen Diane , Saraiya Mona 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines that protect against most cervical cancers are widely available; however, HPV vaccination uptake is low in states and regions with low cervical cancer screening rates and greater cervical cancer morbidity and mortality. Provider recommendation is a key facilitator for vaccine uptake. Assessing vaccine recommendations given by primary care providers (PCPs) serving populations at increased risk for developing cervical cancer is critical to reduce health disparities and unnecessary clinical services. Methods: Data were collected from 98 PCPs in 15 Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) clinics in Illinois between August 2009 and March 2010 using a cross-sectional survey to assess HPV vaccine recommendations and beliefs. Federally Qualified Health Centers are safety-net clinics serving individuals who disproportionately face cost and access barriers to healthcare. Results: The PCPs completing this survey were primarily Obstetricians/Gynecologists (56%) and Family Practice (35%) physicians serving a low-income and underinsured community. 92% of providers recommend the HPV vaccine, most frequently for females aged 13-26 years (98%) and 9-12 years (68%). Some providers report sometimes to always using results from a HPV test (12%) or a Pap test (7%), or the number of sexual partners (33%) to determine who should receive the vaccine, which is not consistent with guidelines. Conclusion: A high percentage of cervical cancer screening providers are also vaccinating girls and young women in FQHCs, and some practices are not consistent with national guidelines and may result in less eligible females receiving the vaccine. Understanding how the HPV vaccine is used by screening providers in FQHCs is of increasing public health significance as FQHCs receive funding to expand evidence-based clinical services. Guideline-consistent recommendations of the HPV vaccine for cervical cancer prevention in medically underserved and high-risk communities may reduce unnecessary clinical intervention and improve opportunities to eliminate cervical cancer disparities.
Citation Format: Katherine Roland, Vicki Benard, April Greek, Nikki Hawkins, Diane Manninen, Mona Saraiya. Human papillomavirus vaccine recommendations and beliefs among primary care providers in federally qualified health centers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A93. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-A93
Abstract B13: Do adipokines mediate the association between obesity and adenomatous polyps?
Authors: Ochs-Balcom Heather M. , Cannioto Rikki , Chen Zhengyi , Thompson Cheryl , Nie Jing , Millen Amy E. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Tracy Russell , Li Li 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background. Obesity is now a well-established risk factor for colon neoplasia, yet the biological mechanisms underlying this link are not fully understood. Increasing data support that adipokines play an important role in colon carcinogenesis, and it is hypothesized that adipokines may in part mediate the link between obesity and colon neoplasia. To date, few epidemiological studies have explicitly examined this hypothesis.
Methods. We investigated whether adipokines mediate the obesity-colon adenoma association and whether mediating effects differ by race in a sample of Caucasians (217 cases and 650 controls) and African Americans (175 cases and 378 controls) participating in the Cleveland Colonoscopy Screening Study. We examined potential mediating effects of leptin and adiponectin by 1) regression analyses assessing whether leptin and adiponectin attenuate the association of waist-to-hip ratio and adenomatous polyps, and 2) path analysis assessing whether leptin or adiponectin are mediators of the obesity-adenomatous polyp association.
Results. Neither leptin nor adiponectin showed evidence for attenuation of the WHR-adenomatous polyp association, nor did we identify a statistically significant mediating effect of leptin or adiponectin via the Sobel method (all Sobel p&gt;0.27).
Conclusion. Our study is unable to support mediating roles of leptin and adiponectin in association of obesity and colon adenoma. Larger studies on how these associations vary by race, sex, and obesity are needed, as well as studies that investigate whether adipokines have mediating effects in later stages of carcinogenesis.
Citation Format: Heather M. Ochs-Balcom, Rikki Cannioto, Zhengyi Chen, Cheryl Thompson, Jing Nie, Amy E. Millen, Jo L. Freudenheim, Russell Tracy, Li Li. Do adipokines mediate the association between obesity and adenomatous polyps?. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B13. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-B13
Abstract B19: A clinical evaluation of the clinical utility of genotype risk scores in cancer health disparities
Authors: Yoo Wonsuk 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: Substantial uncertainty exists as to whether combining multiple disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) into a genotype risk score (GRS) can provide clinically useful information.
Methods: We critically evaluated the ability of a simple count GRS to predict the risk of a dichotomous outcome, under both a multiplicative (log additive) and linear additive model of combined effects. We also evaluated the ability of a count GRS to predict the level of a continuous outcome variable. We then compared the results of these simulations with the observed results of published GRS measured within multiple epidemiologic cohort studies on cancer health disparities.
Results: If the combined effect of each disease-associated SNP included in a GRS is multiplicative on the risk scale, then a count GRS score should be useful for risk stratification with as few as 10-20 SNPs. Adding additional SNPs to the GRS under this model dramatically improves risk stratification with modest gains in risk discrimination. By contrast, if the combined effect of each SNP included in a GRS is linearly additive on the risk scale, a simple count GRS is unlikely to provide clinically useful risk prediction or discrimination. Adding additional SNPs to the GRS under this model does not improve any measures of clinical utility. The combined effect of SNPs included in a GRS measured in several epidemiologic cohort studies appears to be more consistent with a linearly additive combined effect. Unlike the case for predicting a dichotomous outcome, a simple count GRS can potentially provide clinically useful information to predict the level of a continuous outcome variable under a wide variety of circumstances, even when the amount of explained variance is low.
Conclusion: A simple count GRS can provide clinically useful information to predict the level of a continuous variable under a variety of circumstances. By contrast, a count GRS is unlikely to be clinically useful for predicting the risk of a dichotomous outcome. To provide clinically useful information about the genetic risk of dichotomous outcomes, alternative methods for constructing GRS that attempt to identify and include SNPs whose combined effect is at least multiplicative are needed.
Citation Format: Wonsuk Yoo. A clinical evaluation of the clinical utility of genotype risk scores in cancer health disparities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B19. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-B19