bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of malaria in saravan city and its suburbs from 2018 to 2023, Southeast Iran
Authors: Dabirzadeh Shaghayegh , Bayegan Hamidaldin , Kahkhazhaleh Mahdi Rezaei , Dabirzadeh Mansour 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Malaria, transmitted by Plasmodium parasites and anopheline mosquitoes, continues to be a leading cause of global disease and death. This retrospective investigation from 2018 to 2023 examines the epidemiological attributes of malaria in Saravan, southeastern Iran. It seeks to evaluate the prevalence, transmission causes, local population impact, and health system effects.

Materials and Methods:
Blood samples from suspected malaria cases in Saravan health centers were collected for this analysis. Each positive case was detailed with demographic data in a questionnaire. The SPSS 26 statistical program scrutinized data with t-tests comparing the variables.

Results:
The study indicated fluctuating malaria cases peaking in 2023, with an annual parasite incidence. (API) of 17.27. Plasmodium vivax was the predominant species (P < 0.001), with the majority of cases in individuals over 15, notably males. A significant number of cases were reported in September (20.7%).

Conclusion:
The findings emphasize the persistent malaria challenges in Saravan, accentuating the urgent need to strengthen prevention and control strategies. Reducing disease burden demands focused approaches, including improving prevention and treatment programs, enhancing surveillance systems, developing health infrastructures, and implementing localized therapies, especially considering recent climatic and rainfall patterns.
Evaluation of the new modified apnea test in confirmation of brain death
Authors: Kashefi Parviz , Abbasi Saeed , Kiani Koosha , Khajoei Maryam Khalifehsoltani , Akbari Mojtaba 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Apnea testing is mandatory to confirm brain death; however, it is unsafe for patients who have substantial hypoxemia without ventilator support. We used a new modified apnea test without the need to disconnect the patient from the ventilator in the present study and compared the outcomes and complications of the new method to the widely used old method.

Materials and Methods:
The current study was conducted on people suspected of having brain death. Both the old and new apnea tests were carried out on the same individual. In the new modified method, instead of hyperventilating and then separating the brain death from the ventilator, the induced hypercapnia method was used, and instead of performing repeated arterial blood gas (ABG), the target ETCO2 was obtained, and at the time of the target ETCO2, ABG was also checked followed by comparing ETCO2 with PaCO2.

Results:
Thirty patients, including 25 (83.3%) males and 5 (16.75%) females, were included in the study. The results showed significant improvement in terms of O2 saturation and heart rate (HR) using the new modified apnea test compared to the common test. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and the frequency of complications were improved in the new modified test.

Conclusion:
The modified apnea test produced better results in terms of O2 saturation, HR, and other clinical factors, while it does not require disconnection from the ventilator and repeated ABG assessment. Therefore, it can be used to successfully diagnose brain death in high-risk individuals suffering from severe hypoxia.
Esophageal ulcer and multisystem inflammatory syndrome after COVID-19: A case report
Authors: Yang Ni , Liu Zhen , Jin Tong , Xin Hai-Wei , Gu Li , Zheng Yue , Zhou Hui-Xing , Li Ning , Liu Xin-Juan 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a rare but severe disease occurring several weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. It develops in adults with inflammation of different organs including the gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidneys, skin and hematopoietic system.
CASE SUMMARY
We present a 58-year-old Chinese man diagnosed with MIS-A. His chief complaints were fever, generalized fatigue and anorexia, accompanied with rashes on his back. Further examination showed cardiac, renal and liver injury. He had melena and gastroscopy indicated esophageal ulcer and severe esophagitis. Repeated blood and sputum culture did not show growth of bacteria or fungi. Antibiotic treatment was stopped due to unsatisfactory performance. His condition improved after prednisone and other supportive treatment.
CONCLUSION
Gastrointestinal involvement in MIS-A is not uncommon. Intestinal involvement predominates, and esophageal involvement is rarely reported. Esophageal ulcer with bleeding could also be a manifestation of MIS-A.
Strategies and best practices of knowledge management in Academic Libraries in Nigeria
Authors: Awoyemi Robert Akinade , Okojie Victoria 
Published: August 2024

Knowledge has become a crucial resource in our society. Managing knowledge (KM) helps information professionals in improving services rendered to library users. The digital era has revolutionised the landscape of KM in academic libraries, presenting new opportunities and challenges for information professionals. Academic libraries face the complex task of formulating effective strategies and implementing best practices for knowledge management. To actively participate in KM activities, certain competencies and skills are required by library personnel. Thus, this study explores knowledge management practices in academic libraries in Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study consists of 114 library professionals working in the eight (8) academic libraries in Nigeria. The sampling technique adopted for this study was random selection and the main research instrument was a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed the main purposes of implementing KM in academic libraries are improving library services, managing information explosions, and meeting information needs of users. The highest rated areas of KM include digital and online services, reference services and technical services while strategies of KM included providing and using available ICT facilities, training in ICT and KM, and developing a knowledge sharing culture. The benefits of KM include gaining new skills, eradicating duplication of work, and providing new jobs and roles to library professionals. The study recommends that library management needs to make adequate provision for staff training and technological infrastructure to facilitate knowledge management and improve library services.
Post-Emergence Striga gesnerioides Damages and Determination of Phosphate Fertilizer Concentration at Low Inoculum Level in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L)Walp.)
Authors: Oyenuga A. O. , Ogunkanmi L. A. , Oboh B. 
Published: August 2024

One of Nigerian’s preferred crops is cowpea(Vigna unguiculata(L)Walp) because it is recognized as a key food and nutritional security legume in Sub Saharan Africa.Striga gesnerioides(Willd.)Vatke is a primary biotic constraint of cowpea production in West Africa. There are currently limited sources of resistance in cowpea germplasm and there exists the potential for resistance breakdown . Hence,the objective of this paper was to evaluate post-emergence Striga gesnerioides damages and determination of phosphate fertilizer containment concentration at low inoculum level in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L)Walp.) using appropriate standard method with a bid to meet sustainable development (SD) Goal 2.0 (food security), Twenty five morphological traits comprising seventeen quantitative and eight qualitative traits were evaluated. In this research,assessments of cowpea varieties were carried out to determine phenotypic traits which make them Striga resistant/susceptible. Striga gesnerioides damage of cowpea was post-emergent and not pre-emergent as commonly reported. Zero Striga gesnerioides emergence point was 50 kg/ha TSP.
Perception of Poultry Farmers’ on Effectiveness of Poultry Extension Service Delivery in Calabar Municipal Area of Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Udoh E. D. , Vihi S. K. , Dalla A. A. , Binuyo G. , Mbah J. J. 
Published: August 2024

The objective of this paper was to analyze poultry farmer’s perception on the effectiveness of poultry extension service delivery in Calabar Municipal Area of Cross River State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods by selecting 120 registered poultry farmers to obtain Primary data by questionnaire. Result from the study shows that poultry farmers had a mean age of 43 years. Majority (66%) of the farmers were men and about 86% of them were married. The farmers had a mean household size of 5 persons with majority (68%) of them having tertiary education. On average, the farmers had nine years of farming experience and a mean stock size of 1,175 birds. The result revealed 43% of the farmers had contact with extension agents once in the last one year. Farmers’ perception of the delivery of extension and advisory services revealed that the farmers' perception was favourable and they expressed satisfaction with the delivery of four out of the nine poultry extension services available to them. They include; training on routine operations (4.0), advice on improved breeds of poultry (3.6), training on biosecurity measures (3.5) and training on diseases prevention and cure (3.3). The most important constraints as perceived by the respondents to limit effective extension services delivery among the poultry farmers includes; lack of funding of extension service (81%), inadequate number of extension agents (68%). The study recommends that the government should immediately boost its financing of the ADPs and recruit more extension agents to achieve effective coverage of more farmers.
Awareness and practice of scleral contact lens fitting among optometrists in Nigeria– A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Billo Ngozi N. , Shuaibu Ayishetu O. 
Published: August 2024

Background: To investigate the awareness and practice of scleral contact lens fitting among optometrists in Nigeria.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between November and December 2022 that required optometrists practicing in Nigeria to fill a self-administered, electronic online pretested questionnaire that included 17 questions on practitioner demographics, awareness and practice of scleral contact lenses. Microsoft Excel was used for Descriptive statistics of data obtained, while IBM SPSS Version 25.0 software was used for the Cronbach Alpha test for reliability of the modified questionnaire and Chi-square test to determine the relationship between gender and awareness of scleral contact lens practice.
Results: A total of 307 of the 310 responses were included in the study. 3 of the responses were excluded because they were not properly filled. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of years of practice was 11.2 ± 8.4 years and the contact lens fitting experience was 7.3 ± 6.9 years. Most optometrists surveyed worked in private practice (60.3%, n=185) or hospital-based settings (30.6%, n=94). The majority of optometrists (94.1%, n=289) reported they were aware of scleral contact lenses and only a small portion (5.9%, n=18) had not heard of it. There was no significant relationship between gender and awareness of scleral contact lens (p=0.422). Out of the 307 responses received, only 44 (14.3%) optometrists indicated that they fit scleral contact lenses. The most frequent condition for which scleral contact lenses were prescribed included Keratoconus (n=33, 75%) and the least condition was Presbyopia (n=1, 2.3%). However, majority of optometrists (n=263, 85.7%) reported scleral contact lenses were not fitted in their practice, the most frequent reason being the unavailability and cost of scleral contact lenses (n=177, 67.3%), followed by negative assumptions and attitudes of patients towards contact lens wear (n=107, 40.7%).
Conclusion: The level of awareness of scleral contact lenses among optometrists in Nigeria is high; however, there is a limited practice of scleral contact lens fitting in Nigeria which could be as a result of the unavailability and cost of these lenses.
Identification of Contact lens bacterial Isolates from Students of University of Benin, Nigeria, Using 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis
Authors: Iyamu E. , Ekhaise F.O. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Molecular phylogenetic analyses have proven beneficial in overcoming some limitations of traditional phenotypic procedures for the detection and characterization of bacterial isolates. The aim of this study was to identify bacterial isolates from hydrogel (soft) contact lenses worn by selected students of the University of Benin, Nigeria, using 16S rRNA gene analysis.
Methods: Eleven bacterial isolates from the worn hydrogel lenses, which remained unidentified with the traditional phenotypic techniques, were transferred to the molecular biology section of the Labor Medical and Research Laboratory for possible identification by phylogenetic analysis, to have a full range of bacteria considered as normal flora of the eyes. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted with the ZymoBIOMICS DNA Mini Kit (Zymo Research Corp., Irvin, CA, USA), amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the amplicons were sequenced with the ABI3500xL Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). The nucleotide sequences were assembled and deposited in the GenBank database for alignment with the prototype strains.
Results: The bacterial isolates identified were Burkholderia cenocepacia GIMC 4560: BCN122, Cupriavidus pauculus KPS 201, and Comamonas testosteroni M.pstv. 4.2, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NBRC 13006, Achromobacter denitrificans SW2, Bacillus cereus FORC_048, Staphylococcus saprophyticus Marseille-P541, Burkholderia cenocepacia GIMC 4560: Bcn122, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 7.3, and Comamonas sp. 6.1 and Acinetobacter sp. pp2a.
Conclusion: The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was able to identify 82% of the isolates at the strain level and 18% at the genus level.
How Gender roles Determine Resilience to Food Insecurity among Agro-pastoral Communities in Central Tanzania: HFIAS Analysis
Authors: Kalumanga Venance 
Published: August 2024

The study assessed how gender roles determine resilience to food insecurity among agro-pastoral communities in central Tanzania specifically in Chamwino, and Chemba Districts in Dodoma region. Chi-square and One-way ANOVA tests were used to analyze each variable’s independence and compare the means respectively. Findings revealed that gender roles determine resilience mechanisms to food insecurity and those roles assigned to women were reported to have higher scores of resilience to food insecurity in all attributes of absorptive, adaptive, and transformative. The higher score indices signify that women are the key players in fighting food insecurity instances; this is because of the roles assigned to them. The findings under the Chi-Square test and One-way ANOVA results show a significant correlation between the assigned gender roles and resilience attributes. Gender roles including responsibilities to address seasonal variations, taking care of children, sick and old people, cooking, selection, allocation, distribution, and preservation of food were reported to have statistically significant associations with resilience mechanism to food insecurity as p= 0.03, 0.03, 0.04,0.03, 0.03 correspondingly. Thus, gender roles predominantly those assigned to women need hypersensitive considerations when addressing resilience to food insecurity not only in Dodoma region, Tanzania but in Africa where gender norms are still mounting.
Geophysical investigation of subsoil corrosivity within university of Cross River State, Calabar, Calabar Southern Nigeria
Authors: George A.M. 
Published: August 2024

Assessment of subsoil corrosivity was conducted within the University of Cross River State, Calabar, Calabar Campus, Southern Nigeria. The study employed electrical resistivity methods. The results from vertical electrical sounding revealed that the topsoil of VES1 and VES3 was slightly corrosive at depths of 2.20m and 0.70m while that of VES2 and VES4 were practically non–corrosive at depths 0.60m and 1.00m. The electrical resistivity tomography across the VES2 and VES4 showed a low resistivity at horizontal distances between 5.0m and 10.0m at a depth of 3.75m, indicating very strongly corrosive. Other areas of the profile with resistivity from 19.0 'Ωm to 38.0 'Ωm at a depth of between 6.38m and 19.8m indicate moderately corrosive and 75.0 'Ωm which is slightly corrosive. A resistivity of 148.0 'Ωm to >580 'Ωm at the top layer indicates practically non–corrosive at depths 6.38m and 19.4m. Hence, metallic pipes should be buried at depth 3.0m.
Safety Assessment on the Safety and Efficacy of an Additive of Zinc Chloride Hydroxide Monohydrate (IntelliBond® Z) as a Feed Additive for All Animal Species (RP814)
Authors: Food Standards Agency  , Food Standards Scotland  
Published: August 2024

An application was submitted to the Food Standards Agency in March 2021 from Trouw Nutrition GB (‘the applicant’) for the renewal and modification of authorisation of an additive (IntelliBond® Z) containing zinc chloride hydroxide monohydrate, under the category of ‘nutritional additives’ and functional group ‘compounds of trace elements’. The additive is proposed to be used at a maximum inclusion rate of: • 200 mg/kg in dogs and cats • 180 mg/kg in salmonids and milk replacers for calves • 150 mg/kg in piglets, sows, rabbits and all fish species other than salmonids • 120 mg/kg in all other species and categories To support the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) in evaluating the dossier, the Advisory Committee on Animal Feedingstuffs (ACAF) were asked to review the dossier and the supplementary information from the applicant. The FSA/FSS concluded, based on the ACAF’s advice, that the additive was correctly identified and characterised and that the changes made to the manufacturing process did not pose an unacceptable risk to safety. The additive is safe for consumers and the target animal species. The additive is not a skin irritant or dermal sensitiser and is unlikely to form harmful amounts of respirable dust. The additive should be considered a potential eye irritant. The additive poses an acceptable risk to the environment under the proposed conditions for terrestrial species and land-based aquaculture systems. The Committee were unable to conclude on the safety of the additive for marine sediment when used in sea cages. The ACAF concluded that the proposed minor modifications to the specifications and other provisions would not affect efficacy and therefore efficacy could be extrapolated from the original authorisation to this renewal. The views of ACAF have been taken into account in the safety assessment which represents the opinion of the FSA and FSS.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Unmet Need (Analisis Berdasar Hasil Capaian Data Pemutakhiran Keluarga Tahun 2023)
Authors: Sumiyati Sumiyati , Kurniawan Iwan , Hakim Azis , Ermanto Conrita , Ali Akbar 
Published: August 2024

Unmet Need adalah kebutuhan ber-KB yang tidak terpenuhi, merupakan persentase perempuan kawin 15-49 tahun (PUS) yang tidak ingin mempunyai anak lagi atau ingin menjarangkan kelahiran berikutnya tetapi tidak menggunakan kontrasepsi apapun. Tingginya angka Unmet need adalah menjadi permasalahan penting dalam kependudukan yang masih perlu menjadi perhatian dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat atau keluarga dalam kebutuhan yang tidak terpenuhi oleh Wanita usia subur yang tidak menginginkan kehamilan atau menunda kelahiran untuk yang diinginkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi unmet need dalam keluarga berdasarkan data pemutakhiran keluarga tahun 2023. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari hasil Pemutakhiran Pendataan Keluarga Tahun 2023 serta mengumpulkan dari berbagai sumber terkait kebijakan nasional mengenai unmet need KB. Hasil analisis data yang disajikan menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan, tempat tinggal dan juga informasi yang diperoleh oleh Wanita usia subur yang bersumber baik dari media maupun informasi yang bersumber dari petugas lini lapangan keluarga berencana dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya penetapan angka perhitungan persentase angka unmet need. Upaya Optimalisasi Keluarga Berencana melalui pendampingan dan bimbingan kepada calon peserta KB untuk mendapatkan informasi yang diperlukan serta peningkatan akses dan kualitas pelayanan KB sangat mutlak diperlukan.
Lúpus eritematoso discoide envolvendo apenas as pálpebras: relato de caso e revisão da literatura
Authors: Dias Luana Rossato , Ribeiro Millena de Freitas , Torres Amanda , Nery Bernardo Machado Veloso , Silva Milena Barrera 
Published: August 2024

Introdução: O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença autoimune, crônica, com maior prevalência em mulheres. Uma de suas formas, o lúpus discoide, caracteriza-se por lesões limitadas à pele, eritematosas e recobertas por escamas brancas aderentes, com predomínio em áreas foto expostas. Objetivo: Proporcionar ferramentas eficazes para um bom manejo e individualização dessa condição, visando assim melhorar os resultados clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Materiais e métodos: Para a elaboração deste artigo científico, foi realizada uma revisão extensa da literatura sobre manifestações de lúpus eritematoso discóide nas pálpebras. As fontes consultadas incluem artigos científicos e revisões publicadas nas bases de dados Medline/PubMED, SciELO e Cochrane, no período de 2008 a novembro de 2023. Resultados e discussão: O acometimento isolado de pálpebras é de ocorrência rara, o que torna o diagnóstico desafiador. Condições como blefarite, psoríase e dermatite de contato podem ser confundidas com essa manifestação específica. Diante de lesões palpebrais crônicas refratárias ao tratamento clínico, mesmo na ausência de anormalidades nos exames complementares, deve-se realizar a biópsia incisional para elucidação do caso, e se necessário, o exame de imunofluorescência direta. O diagnóstico precoce é crucial para evitar as cicatrizes e possíveis complicações. O tratamento é complexo, envolvendo o uso de corticoides e antimaláricos como a hidroxicloroquina, e talidomida. O oftalmologista deve estar atento aos diagnósticos diferenciais, favorecendo um tratamento adequado. Considerações finais: Os achados deste estudo reforçam a necessidade de uma abordagem multidisciplinar colaborativa, de maneira a melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes e evitar a progressão da doença.