bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional sampling of material structure for property modeling and design
Authors: Echlin McLean P , Lenthe William C , Pollock Tresa M 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNewly developed 3-D tomographic techniques permit acquisition of quantitative materials data for input to structure-property models. At the mesoscale, techniques that enable sampling of larger material volumes provide information such as grain size and morphology, 3-D interfacial character, and chemical gradients. However, systematic approaches for determining the characteristic material volume for 3-D analysis have yet to be established. In this work, the variability in properties due to microstructure is discussed in the context of a methodology for defining volume elements that link microstructure, properties, and design. As such, we propose a 3-D sampling methodology based on convergence of microstructural parameters and associated properties and design considerations.
Investigation of Genotoxicity in Acromegaly From Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Cultures Using a Micronucleus Assay
Authors: Unal Oguz Kaan , Cinkilic Nilufer , Gul Ozen Oz , Cander Soner , Vatan Ozgur , Ersoy Canan , Yilmaz Dilek , Tuncel Ercan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Context:
Although patients with acromegaly may have an increased risk of developing several types of cancers, the degree of risk for malignancy in these patients is unresolved.

Objective:
The present study aimed to investigate the potential genotoxic effects of acromegaly on the cell cycle in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures.

Design:
This was a single center, crossover, case-control study conducted on the acromegalic patients in Turkey.

Setting:
The study was conducted in the outpatient clinic of a university hospital.

Patients:
Seventy-one consecutively screened acromegalic patients and 56 controls participated in the study.

Intervention:
Patients were included, regardless of the disease activity status and their treatment duration before the study.

Main Outcome Measures:
The primary end point was the frequency of micronucleus (MN) in the peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures, and the secondary end point was its clinical correlations.

Results:
The MN level was 3.82 ± 1.49 in the control group and 18.00 ± 6.13 in the acromegalic group (P &lt; .01), whereas the nuclear division index (NDI) was 1.79 ± 0.12 in the control group and 1.68 ± 0.07 in the acromegalic group (P &lt; .01). Neither MN nor NDI was correlated with age, GH, IGF-I, initial GH, initial IGF-I, duration of the remission period, and initial tumor size. Only the MN level was positively correlated with the duration of disease (r = 0.323, P = .014).

Conclusion:
Our results indicated that acromegalic patients had genotoxic damage at a substantial level, and there was a positive correlation between the duration of disease and genotoxicity level.
Molecular Mechanism for Heme-Mediated Inhibition of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthase 1
Authors: Kitatsuji Chihiro , Ogura Mariko , Uchida Takeshi , Ishimori Koichiro , Aono Shigetoshi 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Mammalian 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1), an isozyme expressed in all cell types, catalyzes the first reaction in the heme biosynthetic pathway in mitochondria. Heme regulates ALAS1 function at multiple levels including the regulation of transcription, translation, mitochondrial import, protein degradation, and enzyme activity to maintain intracellular heme concentrations in an appropriate range. In this study, we elucidated the molecular mechanism of heme-mediated regulation of enzymatic activity for rat ALAS1. ALAS1 has three putative heme regulatory motifs (HRMs), two of which were found to be the iron(III) heme binding sites in ALAS1. Electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that 110Cys and 527Cys were the axial ligand of the iron(III) hemes bound to ALAS1. The heme binding to the HRMs in ALAS1 was found not to be responsible for heme-mediated inhibition of ALAS1 activity. Protoporphyrin IX, a reaction intermediate of heme biogenesis, was found to inhibit ALAS1 activity more efficiently than heme, indicating the presence of multiple pathways for the feedback regulation of ALAS1 activity.
Development of Cobalt-Catalyzed C–H Bond Functionalization Reactions
Authors: Yoshikai Naohiko 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This account provides an overview of cobalt-catalyzed C–H bond functionalization reactions that have been developed in our group since 2009, including hydroarylation of alkynes and alkenes, C–H/electrophile coupling, and addition of arylzinc reagents to alkynes involving 1,4-cobalt migration.
Supercomputer Technologies Application in Social Sciences
Authors: Макаров  , Makarov V. , Бахтизин  , Bakhtizin A. 
Published: June 2014

This paper contains a brief on questions related to use of supercomputing technologies in social sciences, primarily - in terms of technical implementation of large-scale agent-focused models (AFM). The essence of this tool is that by increasing computers’ power it has become possible to describe a behavior of complex system’s many separate fragments. As a result, many thinkers’ dream to learn to explain a macro phenomenon based on its components behavior is becoming to reality. For example, physics, able to describe the behavior of elementary particles, have created a computer simulation of such particles’ large ensemble actions, and have begun to study this large ensemble’s behavior in the computer, not in the
life. Thus, an artificial reality notion has appeared. In this paper the experience of foreign scientists and practitioners related to launch AFM using supercomputers, as well as on example of AFM developed in CEMI RAS, have been considered, steps and methods related to effective display of multiagent system’s calculating core on modern supercomputer architecture have been analyzed. This work has been financially supported by Russian Humanitarian Scientific Fund (grants № 14-02-00431 and № 12-02-00082).
Do patients and carers find separate palliative care clinic consultations acceptable? A pilot study
Authors: Swetenham Kate , Tieman Jennifer , Currow David 
Published: June 2014

Background: As differing patient and carer information needs have been reported, and in light of changing health-system priorities and issues identified in a self-assessment study, a specialist palliative care service established an interdisciplinary psychosocial assessment clinic to separately assess patient and carer needs. Aim: To determine the acceptability of the separate assessment to patients and carers. Method: Patients with a high functional score and who were deemed well enough to manage an appointment were invited to attend the clinic. Consent to follow-up was obtained. Patient and carer satisfaction surveys were developed based on existing tools. Questionnaires were posted out with a pre-paid reply envelope to patients and carers. Data from completed surveys was entered into a data management system and frequency analysis completed. A secondary analysis of the comments was undertaken. Findings: The clinic was attended by 41 patients and 37 carers between September 2011 and the end of February 2012. There was a 46% response rate, with 24 questionnaires returned from both the patient and their carer, 6 from patients only, and 6 from carers only (2 of whom were bereaved). The opportunity for privacy to discuss their own fears and concerns related to the illness was appreciated by 94% of the patients and 83% of the carers. Conclusion: This initial pilot data shows patient and carer satisfaction with this clinic model. Further qualitative data would provide more information on the patient and carer experiences of the clinic.
Comparison Between Lignocaine Hydrochloride and Ropivacaine Hydrochloride as Lumbosacral Epidural Anaesthetic Agents in Goats Undergoing Laparoscopy Assisted Embryo Transfer
Authors: Khajuria Anubhav , Fazili Mujeeb ur Rehman , Shah Riaz Ahmad , Bhat Maajid Hassan , Khan Firdous Ahmad , Yaqoob Syed Hilal , Naykoo Niyaz Ahmad , Ganai Nazir Ahmad 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Goats (n=12) undergoing laparoscopy assisted embryo transfer were randomly allotted to two groups (I and II) and injected lignocaine hydrochloride (4mg/kg) or ropivacaine hydrochloride (1mg/kg) at the lumbosacral epidural space. The animals were held with raised hind quarters for the first three minutes following injection. Immediately after induction of regional anaesthesia, they were restrained in dorsal recumbency in the Trendelenburg position in a cradle. Laparoscopy was performed after creating pneumoperitoneum using filtered room air. The mean (± S.E) induction time in animals of group I was significantly shorter (5.33 ± 0.61 min) than those belonging to group II (12.66 ±1.99 min). Complete analgesia developed throughout the hind quarters and abdomen for 30 min and 60 min in group I and II animal’s respectively. Unlike animals of group I, group II goats continued to show moderate analgesia for 180 minutes. The motor activity returned after a lapse of 130.00 ± 12.64 min and 405.00 ± 46.31 min respectively. Occasional vocalization and struggling was noticed in two goats one from each group irrespective of the surgical manipulations during laparoscopy. The rectal temperature and respiration rates showed only non-significant increase, but the heart rate values were significantly higher (P < 0.5) up to 150 min in animals of both the groups when compared to their baseline values. From this study, it was concluded that both anaesthetic agents produced satisfactory regional anaesthesia in goats undergoing laparoscopy. However, considering the very long delay in regaining the hind limb motor activity, the use of ropivacaine may not be recommended for this purpose. Supplementation of sedative/tranquilizer with lumbosacral epidural anaesthesia needs evaluation.
A Look Inside Mathematics Coaching: Roles, Content, and Dynamics
Authors: Mudzimiri Rejoice , Burroughs Elizabeth A. , Luebeck Jennifer , Sutton John , Yopp David 
Published: June 2014

Mathematics classroom coaching is used across the United States as a means for improving instruction, with the ultimate goal of improving student learning. The job assignments of coaches can vary widely across schools and districts. Regardless of the various forms that coaching can take, there is the consistent expectation that a coach’s day-to-day work will positively influence classroom instruction. The study reported here attempts to gain a more complete picture of the job of an elementary mathematics coach based on the observation of seven coaches in five different districts for a day. We report the variety of ways we observed elementary mathematics coaches interact with teachers, and what roles and responsibilities they take on. Our analysis of these data led us to create a template for conducting observations of mathematics classroom coaching, which could be used by researchers seeking to conduct studies about coaching or by administrators seeking to document the day-to-day work of coaches.
Understanding Relationship: Maximizing the Effects of Science Coaching
Authors: Anderson Ruth , Feldman Sue , Minstrell Jim 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThere is growing empirical evidence that instructional coaching can help teachers transfer their learning from professional trainings (e.g., new strategies) to classroom practice and that coaching promotes greater collaboration and reflection among teachers. At the same time, however, research on the effectiveness of particular coaching models and the underlying reasons for their effectiveness is only beginning to emerge. Why does coaching “work” when it does? What causes it to break down and to what extent can it be repaired? Our five-year mixed methods study of science instructional coaching in a single school district set out to answer these and other questions. Data from multiple sources (surveys, interviews, classroom observations and coaching logs) confirmed a strong correlation between improvements in teacher practice and the time teacher and coach spend together (at least 10 hours for elementary teachers and 20 for secondary) the focus of their work (narrow as opposed to broad); and most importantly, the quality of their professional relationship. In this paper, we present preliminary findings from a follow-up analysis intended to help explicate how relationships seemed to matter in coaching. We believe the findings from the secondary analysis help to clarify coaching interactions and to specify what contributes to or detracts from their productivity. These findings may not only help to inform decisions related to the design, implementation and ongoing maintenance of coaching programs but also provide fodder for considerations related to the organizational capacity, flexibility and adaptability of the schools and school systems.
DE-MARGINALIZING SCIENCE IN THE ELEMENTARY CLASSROOM BY COACHING TEACHERS TO ADDRESS PERCEIVED DILEMMAS
Authors: Berg Alissa , Mensah Felicia M. 
Published: June 2014

This study identified and explored the dilemmas experienced by three first-grade teachers in teaching elementary school science. The impact of coaching and teachers’ career stages on how teachers reconciled their dilemmas was examined. Results of this comparative case study indicate that, when it came to teaching science, teachers perceived tensions between focusing instructional practice on science versus the other school subjects, tensions between their responsibility to teach science and their lack of a science background, and tensions between using their curriculum as a script, supplement, starting point, or not all. Participants reconciled their common dilemmas in different ways. Extent of teaching experience; comfort level with teaching reading, writing, and mathematics; and the sense of accountability teachers felt to teach science were related to how effectively dilemmas were addressed. The amount of time spent with the science coach-researchers was tied to the amount of time science was taught and the extent to which teachers addressed dilemmas in reform-oriented ways.
Cloning and functional characterization of a monoterpene synthase gene from Eleutherococcus trifoliatus
Authors: Huang Kuan-Feng , Lee Yi-Ru , Tseng Yen-Hsueh , Wang Sheng-Yang , Chu Fang-Hua 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Eleutherococcus trifoliatus also known as the three-leaved Eleutherococcus, a member of the Araliaceae (ginseng) family, is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, many studies have demonstrated the bioactivities of the secondary metabolites in E. trifoliatus. In this study, a monoterpene synthase from E. trifoliatus has been characterized. A pair of degenerate primers was designed and a fragment with conserved region of terpene synthase (TPS) was obtained. After 5′- and 3′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), the full-length cDNA was obtained. The gene designated EtLIM contains an open reading frame of 1752 bp with a predicated molecular mass of 67.3 kDa. It was expressed in young leaves, stems, and drupes. The product of EtLIM has been identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) as limonene.
Low total IgM values and high cytomegalovirus loads in the blood of newborns with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Kobayashi Yoko , Morioka Ichiro , Koda Tsubasa , Nakamachi Yuji , Okazaki Yoko , Noguchi Yoriko , Ogi Miki , Chikahira Masatsugu , Tanimura Kenji , Ebina Yasuhiko , Funakoshi Toru , Ohashi Masanobu , Iijima Kazumoto , Inoue Naoki , Kawano Seiji , Yamada Hideto 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Aims: Neurological outcomes differ considerably between symptomatic and asymptomatic infants with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Our objective was to characterize laboratory markers in symptomatic newborns in comparison with asymptomatic newborns with congenital CMV infection.

Methods: Ten newborns with symptomatic and 13 newborns with asymptomatic congenital CMV infection were included in this 3-year prospective cohort study. Total immunoglobulin M (IgM), CMV-IgM, CMV antigenemia, and CMV-DNA in blood and urine were measured and their positive rates and quantitative values compared between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups.

Results: Fifty percent of newborns in the symptomatic group were positive based on total IgM; this was significantly lower than in the asymptomatic group (100%). Quantitative total IgM values were significantly lower, and there were significantly more copies of CMV-DNA in the blood of symptomatic newborns than in asymptomatic newborns (median values for total IgM: 14 vs. 43 mg/dL and blood CMV-DNA: 3.2×102 vs. 3.5×101 copies/106 white blood cells). CMV-IgM, CMV antigenemia, and urine CMV-DNA did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusion: Low total IgM values and high blood CMV loads were associated with the presence of symptoms in newborns with congenital CMV infection.
Comparison of algorithms to infer genetic population structure from unlinked molecular markers
Authors: Peña-Malavera Andrea , Bruno Cecilia , Fernandez Elmer , Balzarini Monica 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIdentifying population genetic structure (PGS) is crucial for breeding and conservation. Several clustering algorithms are available to identify the underlying PGS to be used with genetic data of maize genotypes. In this work, six methods to identify PGS from unlinked molecular marker data were compared using simulated and experimental data consisting of multilocus-biallelic genotypes. Datasets were delineated under different biological scenarios characterized by three levels of genetic divergence among populations (low, medium, and high
The corregidor as dragon and the encomendero as lion
Authors: Sáenz Sabine Dedenbach-Salazar 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
With his Primer nueva coronica y buen gobierno Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala (ca. 1535–post 1616), the best known Andean early-17th century author of indigenous descent, created a comprehensive and complex work about the indigenous past and the colonial present of his time. Colonial language data and information in an Amerindian language, interpreted from within the writer's framework as well as parting from Andean and European traditions, can be used to better understand the author's objectives for employing a certain text genre and language. This paper gives a sociolinguistic and ethno-historical analysis of Guaman Poma's work. Guaman Poma uses animal imagery of wild beasts in order to portray colonial society. Certain functionaries are likened to animals which threaten the indigenous people. The critical author presents these menaces in two sections of his work: in a critique of the administration which contains an illustration that links wild animals and functionaries directly and explicitly, and through prayers seeking protection from these same threats. Making use of symbolic language, textual and visual imagery, Guaman Poma associates uncivilized elements of nature with the barbaric behavior of the authorities. Nature and culture have always been closely linked in the Andes, and Guaman Poma makes extensive traditional and at the same time creative use of this connection. I argue that in doing so he creates a new colonial indigenous discourse and uses subversion in the repressive context of the time to call the attention of the reader to the social problems created by colonial rule, thereby making an innovative use of both his native language and Spanish traditions.
Henri Henrikhovitch Manizer's Botocudo folklore texts: a symbol analysis
Authors: Pessoa Kâtia Nepomuceno , Seki Lucy 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Henri Henrikhovitch Manizer (1889–1917) was a Russian ethnographer and linguist who spent six months among the Botocudo people from the Southeastern region of Brazil in the beginning of the twentieth century. His research was the result of a Russian expedition through South America in 1915. Manizer was the first researcher who was able to write down the Botocudo language with the most developed method of his time: the International Phonetic Alphabet transcription (Sebestyén 1981). Although many ethnographers had visited the Botocudo people before him, the material he collected is in many aspects of great value but it still remains unexplored both by linguists. This material includes bilingual Botocudo-Portuguese tales: a bilingual dictionary, articles and notes on the Botocudo grammar and culture, and a description of his impressions of the group. In spite of the good quality of the data, still many problems can be reported, such as the variations registered in the language transcriptions, the difficulties in transcribing some phonetic sounds (like voiceless nasals and contour segments, for example), the translation into Portuguese, problems with comprehension of the morphological and syntactic aspects, and cultural barriers (Seki 1984, 1985, 2001, 2004). In this paper, we aim to show our current research on this matter and present some of the partial results of this investigation based on the linguistic data by Manizer. We found out that our synchronical study of the phonology of the Krenak language, the only language of the Botocudo group which is still alive, leads to a better understanding of this old material, although there will remain still some unanswered questions. It enables us to formulate some hypotheses on what may have happened to the language and, maybe, to predict and understand its changes through time. As a result, we shall be able to work with this old material and make it available for both scholars and speakers of the language.
A comparative study of crystallographic van der Waals radii
Authors: Hu Sheng-Zhi , Zhou Zhao-Hui , Xie Zhao-Xiong , Robertson Beverly E. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Important data sets of crystallographic van der Waals radii covering major portions of the Periodic Table are reviewed, including those originally published in Pauling’s pioneering work in the late 1930s, together with other more recent data sets. The van der Waals radii for rare gases are determined next from short contact distances in crystallographic data, as an illustration of the value of crystal structure databases for the direct determination of van der Waals radii for non-metallic elements. Then, van der Waals radii for the other non-metallic and metallic elements, as presented in the literature and having been determined using various approaches, are compared systematically. Finally, certain outstanding problems related to the derivation and application of van der Waals radii are discussed, and further investigations of crystallographic van der Waals radii are suggested.