bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme drought alters competitive dominance within and between tree species in a mixed forest stand
Authors: Cavin Liam , Mountford Edward P. , Peterken George F. , Jump Alistair S. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

The effect of extreme climate events on ecosystems is an important driver of biotic responses to climate change. For forests, extreme drought has been linked to negative effects such as large‐scale mortality and reduced primary production. However, the response of plant communities to extreme drought events remains poorly understood.

We used mortality data from a long‐term monitoring programme in the core of the focal species' ranges, in combination with annual growth data from tree‐rings, to study the effect of, and recovery from, an extreme drought event. We examined both the intraspecific and interspecific drought response and explored how differential responses affect competitive dominance between the dominant species Fagus sylvatica and Quercus petraea.

Mortality for the most drought‐susceptible species, F. sylvatica, occurred alongside a temporary reduction in competition‐induced mortality of Q. petraea, resulting in the long‐term alteration of the relative abundance of the two species.

Significant intraspecific variation occurred in post‐drought recovery in surviving F. sylvatica, with two distinct cohorts identified. A prolonged recovery period was coupled with the failure to regain pre‐drought growth levels in this species, whereas for Q. petraea, no severe drought impacts were observed. This species instead experienced competitive release of growth.

Our results demonstrate that ecosystem responses to extreme drought can involve rapid, nonlinear threshold processes during the recovery phase as well as the initial drought impact. These sudden changes can lead to the reordering of dominance between species within communities, which may persist if extreme events become more frequent.
Patterns and processes of alternative host use in a generalist parasite: insights from a natural host–parasite interaction
Authors: Lootvoet Amélie , Blanchet Simon , Gevrey Muriel , Buisson Laetitia , Tudesque Loïc , Loot Géraldine 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Host specificity is a major, yet poorly understood, property of parasites. Generalist parasites generally exploit a principal host species and a series of alternative host species. Understanding patterns of alternative host use may help predict phylogenetic diversification of parasite lineages and the emergence of infectious diseases. However, the ecological and evolutionary determinants underpinning alternative host use remain elusive.

Here, we investigated, in the wild, patterns of alternative host use in a freshwater ectoparasite copepod (Tracheliastes polycolpus), and we tested several a priori hypotheses regarding determinants underlying these patterns. We specifically answer two related questions: (i) why do parasites use alternative host species? and (ii) why do parasites preferentially use one particular alternative host species rather than another?

We first showed that T. polycolpus was able to use five alternative host species in addition to its principal host species, the dace (Leuciscus burdigalensis). Using causal analyses, we demonstrated that, overall, the rate of alternative host use was higher when parasite burden on the principal host was higher, providing support for the ‘parasite density’ hypothesis. Then, phylogenetic regressions revealed that the specific use of these alternative host species does not occur randomly, but according to the ‘ecological similarity’ hypothesis: parasites preferentially use host species that are ecologically close to the principal host species, irrespective of the phylogenetic distance and of the alternative host density. The fitness of parasites on alternative host species was similar to that of parasites on the principal host species, except for the smallest body‐sized alternative host species for which parasite fitness was lower. Finally, using microsatellite markers, we demonstrated that this differential host use did not lead to genetically isolated parasite populations.

Our study suggests that encounter rate may be a key factor in predicting patterns of alternative host use and unravels intriguing questions about the contribution of phenotypic plasticity to the use of a large host spectrum by a generalist parasite.
A Review of Alcohol‐Impaired Driving: The Role of Blood Alcohol Concentration and Complexity of the Driving Task
Authors: Martin Teri L. , Solbeck Patricia A. M. , Mayers Daryl J. , Langille Robert M. , Buczek Yvona , Pelletier Marc R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe operation of a motor vehicle requires the integrity of sensory, motor, and intellectual faculties. Impairment of these faculties following the consumption of alcohol has been studied extensively through laboratory, closed‐course and on‐road driving, and epidemiological studies. The scientific literature was reviewed critically, with a focus on low‐to‐moderate blood alcohol concentrations (BAC ≤ 0.100%), to identify the most reliable determinants of alcohol‐impaired driving. Variables such as age, gender, driving skill, and tolerance were shown to have limited impact on impairment. It was concluded the most relevant variables areBACand complexity of the driving task. The scientific literature provides a high degree of confidence to support the conclusion that aBACof 0.050% impairs faculties required in the operation of a motor vehicle. Whether impairment is apparent depends upon the complexity of the driving task, which applies to both study design and actual driving.
Destroying the Joint and Dying of Shame? A Geography of Revitalised Feminism in Social Media and Beyond
Authors: MCLEAN JESSICA , MAALSEN SOPHIA 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHas feminist geography really lost all relevance? This paper examines what the revitalisation of interest in feminist thought and practice, especially in Australia, means for geography. We illuminate the trajectory of the feminist revitalisation in new media and beyond through developing a spatial analysis influenced by Rose and Fincher. Notions of paradoxical space and issue publics inform this reading of two pivotal moments in the feminist revitalisation: first, the creation of Destroy the Joint, a campaign launched and maintained in Facebook and Twitter spaces; and second, the Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard's speech against sexism and misogyny in Parliament in October 2012. Both these moments, coming from political and public spaces, received worldwide interest, and we critically examine the context and ramifications of these instances while situating the institutional processes surrounding them within the growing feminist revitalisation. In so doing, we argue that these Australian‐based cases indicate a growing feminist movement that is open and multiply focused, connecting personal politics to public campaigning, and achieving material impacts. We conclude that developing a feminist geography of new media is a challenging task, as these spaces circumvent and renegotiate traditional spatial dimensions – including scale and place – through their dynamic networks. It is, nevertheless, a task worth doing.
Oral manifestations of secondary syphilis in the elderly – a timely reminder for dentists
Authors: Minicucci EM , Vieira RA , Oliveira DT , Marques SA 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSyphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum. Cases of syphilis have increased in frequency and are challenging when affecting the elderly. The main causes of increased prevalence of syphilis are sexual promiscuity, lack of knowledge about the disease and decreasing use of barrier protection. Clinically, the oral manifestation of syphilis may resemble other entities, which hampers the correct diagnosis. We report a case of a 79‐year‐old male with weight loss and feeding difficulties. In the oral cavity there were ulcerative lesions in the hard palate and bilaterally in the buccal mucosa. The incisional biopsy revealed only a non‐specific ulceration of the oral mucosa. After 20 days, the patient was re‐evaluated and presented maculopapular lesions in the palmar and plantar areas. Positive serological venereal disease reference laboratory (VDRL) tests confirmed the diagnosis of secondary syphilis. The patient was treated with Benzathine penicillin G. After two weeks of treatment the oral lesion disappeared and the patient returned to normal feeding and gained weight. This case report reinforces the need to alert physicians and dentists to include sexually transmitted infections such as syphilis in the differential diagnosis of oral ulcerative lesions in elderly sexually active patients.
Undermining game fences: who is digging holes in Kalahari sands?
Authors: Kesch Kristina M. , Bauer Dominik T. , Loveridge Andrew J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe effectiveness of game fencing as a tool to promote coexistence between humans and wildlife is highly dependent on the maintenance of fences. It is vital to identify animal species, which dig holes under fences, and their digging behaviour to maintain game fences appropriately. We provide data on some of southern Africa's major hole‐digging animal species for a simple albeit effective method enabling stakeholders to categorize species that are digging holes underneath game fences in deep sand habitats by species‐specific knowledge on sizes and shapes of holes. Using Botswana's Khutse Game Reserve/Central Kalahari Game Reserve fence as an example, we highlight the temporal aspect in the process of hole digging and enlargement. We present a method to determine the pressure a fence experiences by a number of hole‐digging species. Furthermore, we provide data on the time frame of necessary maintenance actions, required to prevent large predators from transgressing this specific fence line. We were especially interested in the effectiveness of fences in excluding African lions from human‐dominated areas. The predators proved to be very difficult to fence in and extremely opportunistic. They mostly utilized holes that were initially excavated by other, even very small species.
Modulation of ENaC, CFTR, and iNOS expression in bronchial epithelial cells after stimulation with Staphylococcus epidermidis (94B080) and Staphylococcus aureus (90B083)
Authors: Hussain Rashida , Oliynyk Igor , Roomans Godfried M. , Björkqvist Maria 
Published: July 2013

Bacteria affect the respiratory epithelium, which is covered by airway surface liquid (ASL) and mucus. Ion concentrations in the ASL are determined by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). Neonatal sepsis is a major risk factor for subsequent pulmonary disease in preterm newborns. Predominating are coagulase‐negative staphylococci (e.g., Staphylococccus epidermidis and Staphylococccus aureus). The aim of this study was to investigate modulation of CFTR, ENaC, mucins, proinflammatory cytokines, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in respiratory epithelial cells after S. epidermidis 94B080 and S. aureus 90B083 exposure. Bronchial epithelial cells were incubated with S. epidermidis 94B080 and S. aureus 90B083 (neonatal blood isolates) for 1–36 h. Expression of CFTR, ENaC, iNOS, and mucins was analyzed by real‐time PCR and Western blotting. Release of cytokines was analyzed by ELISA, and production of NO by the Griess assay. Expression of CFTR significantly decreased after 36 h incubation with S. epidermidis and more prominently with S. aureus, whereas S. epidermidis caused a significant increase in the expression of β‐ and γ‐ENaC. Expression of iNOS increased, but NO was not detected. Both staphylococci caused a decrease in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. S. aureus induced increased secretion of IL‐6, IL‐8, and transforming nuclear factor (TNF)‐α in a time‐dependent manner as compared with S. epidermidis. In conclusion, expression of ENaC, CFTR, and iNOS is modulated by exposure to S. aureus 90B083 and S. epidermidis 94B080. S. aureus is more potent in causing release of IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α by bronchial epithelial cells as compared with S. epidermidis. The mRNA expression for the mucus proteins MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC5B could not be measured, neither in the presence nor in the absence of bacteria.
Laparoscopic management of giant splenic true cyst with partial splenectomy: A case report
Authors: Iimuro Yuji , Okada Toshihiro , Sueoka Hideaki , Hai Seikan , Kondo Yuichi , Suzumura Kazuhiro , Fujimoto Jiro 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNon‐parasitic splenic cysts are relatively rare, and the optimal surgical treatment for them remains controversial. Laparoscopic unroofing is a relatively safe and easy technique, but a significant number of recurrences has been reported. Thus, complete cystectomy with partial splenectomy is recommended by several surgeons. However, patients sometimes suffer from intraoperative bleeding. Here, we report a patient with a giant non‐parasitic splenic cyst who underwent subtotal cystectomy with partial splenectomy. After the dissection of the vessels circulating the upper pole at the splenic hilum, the resection line of the splenic parenchyma was on the ischemic side of the cyanotic demarcation line. A vessel sealing system and laparoscopic coagulation shears were used for the resection. We intentionally left about 10% of the cyst wall to avoid bleeding from the non‐ischemic splenic parenchyma and remaining vessels. No recurrence has been detected after 6 months of observation. We believe this method could be a useful alternative procedure for the treatment of non‐parasitic splenic cysts and preservation of the splenic parenchyma.
Laparoscopic management of Spigelian hernias
Authors: Rath Alok , Bhatia Parveen , Kalhan Sudhir , John Suviraj , Khetan Mukund , Bindal Vivek , Ali Asfar , Singh Rahul , Wadhera Sushant , Bansal Nikunj 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSpigelian hernias, also known as spontaneous lateral ventral hernias, are rare primary ventral hernias arising in the Spigelian, or semilunar, line located at the lateral border of recti. Because of its varied presentation, clinical examination is often inconclusive. Traditional repair of such hernias use the open approach. Herein we report on three cases of Spigelian hernias. All were diagnosed and treated laparoscopically at our institution between March 2011 and June 2012. Multiple surgeons performed the repairs using the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal technique of mesh reinforcement and reperitonization. There were no perioperative or postoperative complications. All three were discharged 1 day postoperatively. A complete resolution of preoperative symptoms was observed at follow‐up at 1 week, 1 month and 6 months. Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair of Spigelian hernia is safe, easy, and feasible for experienced laparoscopic surgeons.
Goal setting in recovery: families where a parent has a mental illness or a dual diagnosis
Authors: Maybery Darryl , Reupert Andrea , Goodyear Melinda 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGoal setting is an important element within mental health recovery models; however, parenting and children are rarely recognized in such approaches. This study outlines a family recovery planning model where a parent has a mental health or dual substance and mental health problem. The differences between family types (parent with a mental illness or parent with dual diagnosis) and family members (parent and children) are illustrated in terms of goals across 11 domains. There were a total of 33 parents and 50 children from 10 mental illness and 10 dual diagnosis families. Education and specifically mental health knowledge are important goals across all families and appear especially important for children whose parent has a dual diagnosis. Specific goals and achievement levels for each type of family and parents and children are also outlined. Clear areas for action by clinicians and family members are indicated by this study.
Spherical Fibonacci Point Sets for Illumination Integrals
Authors: Marques R. , Bouville C. , Ribardière M. , Santos L. P. , Bouatouch K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractQuasi‐Monte Carlo (QMC) methods exhibit a faster convergence rate than that of classic Monte Carlo methods. This feature has made QMC prevalent in image synthesis, where it is frequently used for approximating the value of spherical integrals (e.g. illumination integral). The common approach for generating QMC sampling patterns for spherical integration is to resort to unit square low‐discrepancy sequences and map them to the hemisphere. However such an approach is suboptimal as these sequences do not account for the spherical topology and their discrepancy properties on the unit square are impaired by the spherical projection. In this paper we present a strategy for producing high‐quality QMC sampling patterns for spherical integration by resorting to spherical Fibonacci point sets. We show that these patterns, when applied to illumination integrals, are very simple to generate and consistently outperform existing approaches, both in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) and image quality. Furthermore, only a single pattern is required to produce an image, thanks to a scrambling scheme performed directly in the spherical domain.
Predictors of Excess Cement and Tissue Response to Fixed Implant‐Supported Dentures after Cementation
Authors: Korsch Michael , Robra Bernt‐Peter , Walther Winfried 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe cementation of fixed implant‐supported restorations involves the risk of excess cement remaining in the peri‐implant tissue that may cause a peri‐implant tissue response with attachment loss.PurposeThe aim was to study the peri‐implant tissue response after cementation and to detect potential predictors of excess cement.Material and MethodsClinical complications after cementation in several index cases led to a recall of all patients treated with a special methacrylate cement (one hundred five patients with one hundred eighty‐eight implants) and systematic reevaluation of 71 patients (68%) with one hundred twenty‐six implants (67%). In all cases, suprastructures including abutments were removed, and findings were documented.ResultsImplant diameter was significantly associated with the frequency of excess cement. Implant location or system had no significant effect. Excess cement in turn was associated with bleeding on probing, suppuration, and peri‐implant attachment loss. In the absence of excess cement 58.8% of implants had no peri‐implant attachment loss versus 37.3% when excess cement was present. With increasing retention time of the methacrylate cement, more peri‐implant attachment loss was detected. However, the latter association was not significant.ConclusionLarger diameters are significantly associated with excess cement in peri‐implant tissue. Consequences of excess cement may be increased bleeding on probing, suppuration, and possibly peri‐implant attachment loss.
Accuracy of a Digital Impression System Based on Active Wavefront Sampling Technology for Implants Considering Operator Experience, Implant Angulation, and Depth
Authors: Giménez Beatriz , Özcan Mutlu , Martínez‐Rus Francisco , Pradíes Guillermo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere is a scarce knowledge on the accuracy of intraoral digital impression systems for dental implants.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of a digital impression system considering clinical parameters.Materials and MethodsA master model with six implants (27, 25, 22, 12, 15, 17) was fitted with polyether ether ketone scan bodies. Implant no. 25 was placed with 30° mesial angulation in relation to the vertical plane (y axis), and implant no. 15 was positioned with 30° distal angulation. Implant no. 22 was placed 2 mm and no. 12, 4 mm below the gingiva. Experienced (n = 2) and inexperienced operators (n = 2) performed scanning (Lava Chairside Oral Scanner; 3 M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) at standard and high accuracy mode. Measurements involved five distances (27‐25, 27‐22, 27‐12, 27‐15, 27‐17). Measurements with high accuracy three‐dimensional coordinated measuring machine (CMM) of the master model acted as the true values. The data obtained were subtracted from those of the CMM values.ResultsExperience of the operator significantly influenced the results (p = .000). Angulation (p = .195) and depth of implant (p = .399) did not show significant deviation from the true values. The mean difference between standard and high accuracy mode was 90 μm.ConclusionsWith the active wavefront sampling, technology‐based digital impression system training seems to be compulsory. Impressions of angulated implants may diminish the accuracy of the impression, yet the results were not significant.
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic atrial fibrillation
Authors: Tuomainen Petri O. , Magga Jarkko , Fedacko Jan , Kärkkäinen Satu , Miettinen Kati , Vanninen Esko , Kuusisto Johanna , Peuhkurinen Keijo J. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is common in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). We explored the clinical characteristics of IDC patients with chronic AF compared with those with sinus rhythm (SR).MethodsA group of patients with IDC underwent extensive non‐invasive and invasive evaluation during a hospitalization period. The patients were further divided into two groups with AF (n = 19) and SR (n = 68).ResultsLeft atrial diameter was greater (P<0·001), left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter smaller (P<0·05), left ventricular end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes smaller (P<0·01 for all), mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure higher (P<0·05 for both), cardiac output and maximal oxygen consumption lower (P<0·01 and P<0·05, respectively), and the levels of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide and interleukin‐6 higher (P<0·05 for both) in AF group compared with SR group. Left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure were similar in both groups.ConclusionsIn spite of otherwise more unfavourable prognostic factor profile, left ventricular size was observed to be smaller in chronic AF compared with SR in well‐characterized patients with IDC. The confirmation and possible explainers of this paradoxical phenomenon need further studies in larger patient cohorts.
Potential impacts of climate change on growth and prey consumption of stream‐dwelling smallmouth bass in the central United States
Authors: Pease Allison A. , Paukert Craig P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSmallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu, SMB) is a broadly distributed, economically important species in the USA and Canada. Although previous research has suggested that projected climate warming may allow SMB to thrive beyond their current northern distribution, little research has been devoted to the population‐level effects of climate change on warm‐water fishes, including SMB. We modelled the impacts of projected climate change on growth of stream‐dwelling SMB along a north–south gradient in the central USA. Using downscaled regional projections from three global climate models, we generated scenarios for thermal habitat change for four populations (in Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota) and used bioenergetics simulations to estimate prey consumption and growth under future projections. Bioenergetics simulations showed that prey consumption is expected to increase in all populations with moderate stream warming (2–3 °C). Growth potential is predicted to increase by 3–17% if not limited by food availability with stream warming by 2060 and was most pronounced for southern populations. For each 1 °C increase in stream temperature, SMB consumption would be expected to increase by about 27% and growth would increase by about 6%. Due to implications for species interactions, population performance and regulation of local fisheries, a better understanding of how SMB populations will respond to climate change is recommended for effective management and conservation.