bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helping Couples Fulfill the “Highest of Life's Goals”: Mate Selection, Marriage Counselling, and Genetic Counseling in United States
Authors: Stillwell Devon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article traces the history of modern genetic counseling to mate selection and marriage counselling practices of the early‐20th century. Mate selection revolved around a belief that human heredity could be improved and genetic diseases eradicated through better breeding. Marriage counselling, though interested in reproduction, was also concerned with the emotional and psychological well‐being of couples. These two practices coalesced most obviously in the work of well‐known geneticist Sheldon Reed. Even as marriage and genetic counselling diverged in the post‐WWII period, vestiges of these practices remain in contemporary counseling experiences with family planning and genetic screening programs. Emphasizing points of continuity between “positive” eugenic ideologies and modern genetic practices elaborates the diverse origins of genetic counseling. It also exposes how genetic counselors have become involved in genetic enterprises beyond standard clinical settings, and prods at key issues in the interaction between genetic science and social values.
School and peer influences on the academic outcomes of African American adolescents
Authors: Butler‐Barnes Sheretta T. , Estrada‐Martinez Lorena , Colin Rosa J. , Jones Brittni D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLittle scholarship explores how adolescents' beliefs about school and peers influence the academic outcomes of African American boys and girls. The sample included 612 African American boys (N = 307, Mage = 16.84) and girls (N = 305, Mage = 16.79). Latent class analysis (LCA) revealed unique patterns for African American boys and girls. Findings indicate that for African American boys, school attachment was protective, despite having peers who endorsed negative achievement values. Furthermore, socio‐economic (SES) status was associated with higher grade point averages (GPA) for African American girls. Overall, these findings underscore the unique role of school, peer, and gendered experiences in lives of African American adolescents.
Finding the Truth in Medical Imaging: Painting the Picture of Appropriateness for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Canada
Authors: Vanderby Sonia , Peña-Sánchez Juan Nicolás , Kalra Neil , Babyn Paul 
Published: August 2015

Background Questions about the appropriateness of medical imaging exams, particularly related to magnetic resonance exams, have arisen in recent years. However, the prevalence of inappropriate imaging in Canada is unclear as inappropriate exam proportion estimates are often based on studies from other countries. Hence, we sought to compare and summarize Canadian studies related to magnetic resonance imaging appropriateness. Methods We completed a systematic literature search identifying studies related to magnetic resonance appropriateness in Canada published between 2003 and 2013. Two researchers independently searched and evaluated the literature available. Articles that studied or discussed magnetic resonance appropriateness in Canada were selected based on titles, abstracts, and, where necessary, full article review. Articles relating solely to other modalities or countries were excluded, as were imaging appropriateness guidelines and reviews. Results Fourteen articles were included: 8 quantitative studies and 6 editorials/commentaries. The quantitative studies reported inappropriate proportions of magnetic resonance exams ranging from 2%-28.5%. Our review also revealed substantial variations among study methods and analyses. Common topics identified among editorials/commentaries included reasons for obtaining imaging in general and for selecting a specific modality, consequences of inappropriate imaging, factors contributing to demand, and suggested means of mitigating inappropriate medical imaging use. Conclusions The available studies do not support the common claim that 30% of medical imaging exams in Canada are inappropriate. The actual proportion of inappropriate magnetic resonance exams has not yet been established conclusively in Canada. Further research, particularly on a widespread national scale, is needed to guide healthcare policies.
Conocimientos y actitudes sobre terapias alternativas y complementarias en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud
Authors: Ballesteros-Peña Sendoa , Fernández-Aedo Irrintzi 
Published: August 2015

Introducción: Las terapias alternativas y complementarias (TAC) han generado en el contexto sanitario actual tanto seguidores como detractores.
Objetivo: Explorar los conocimientos, percepciones y actitudes sobre las TAC en estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud.
Método: Estudio descriptivo desarrollado en la Universidad del País Vasco (España) en el curso académico 2013-2014. Una muestra representativa de estudiantes cumplimentó un cuestionario anónimo con preguntas sobre conocimientos, percepciones y actitudes sobre el uso de las TAC. Se calcularon estadísticos descriptivos para cada ítem y disciplina. La comparación entre proporciones se realizó mediante la estimación de intervalos de confianza al 95%.
Resultados: Un total de 605 alumnos completaron el cuestionario (32.6% enfermería; 32.2% medicina; 28.6% farmacia; 6.6% fisioterapia). Las terapias más conocidas en las que los alumnos habían recibido formación fueron la homeopatía (25.3%) y la acupuntura (12.6%). Ambas terapias fueron percibidas como bastante o muy efectivas por el 32.7 y el 44.1% de los encuestados. Se objetivó una mayor proporción de estudiantes de enfermería y fisioterapia con actitudes favorables hacia las TAC, que de estudiantes de medicina y farmacia. El 27.4% de los estudiantes recomendaría a sus pacientes acudir a las TAC como primera medida terapéutica ante determinado tipo de circunstancias, y el 27.1% consideró que las terapias no avaladas por la ciencia deberían ser descartadas de la praxis clínica. El 59.2% reclamó la necesidad de formación sobre éstas terapias en la universidad y el 67.9% consideró que los profesionales debían poseer capacidades para educar e informar a sus pacientes.
Conclusiones: Existe gran desconocimiento sobre las TAC. Homeopatía y acupuntura son las más conocidas y la percepción sobre su efectividad es desigual entre estudiantes, siendo los de enfermería y fisioterapia quienes presentan actitudes más favorables hacia las TAC.
Abnormalities in the WFU strain ofTaenia crassiceps(Cyclophyllidea: Taeniidae) following years of propagation in mice
Authors: Aguilar-Vega L. , García-Prieto L. , Zurabian R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAsexually proliferatingTaenia crassiceps(Zeder, 1800) metacestodes isolated within past decades have been successfully sub-cultured under experimental conditions usingMus musculusLinnaeus, 1758 mice. However, during their development, morphological irregularities of scolex structures have been reported in two of the three strains of this cestode species maintained in mice – ORF and KBS. The main goal of this work is to describe the abnormalities observed in a sample of 118 cysticerci of the thirdT.crassicepsstrain used at present – WFU. Morphological abnormalities were detected in 39.8% of the evaginated scoleces; they consisted of supernumerary suckers (n= 2), duplicated (n= 2) or absent rostellum (n= 1), as well as absent or aberrant (n= 29) hooks, which were significantly shorter when compared to the large and short hook lengths referred to in the literature.
Annual rings in a native Hawaiian tree,Sophora chrysophylla, on Maunakea, Hawaiʻi
Authors: Francisco Kainana S. , Hart Patrick J. , Li Jinbao , Cook Edward R. , Baker Patrick J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract:Annual rings are not commonly produced in tropical trees because they grow in a relatively aseasonal environment. However, in the subalpine zones of Hawaiʻi's highest volcanoes, there is often strong seasonal variability in temperature and rainfall. Using classical dendrochronological methods, annual growth rings were shown to occur inSophora chrysophylla, a native tree species on Maunakea, Hawaiʻi. Chronologies were established from nearby non-native, live conifer trees and these were used to verify the dates from a total of 52 series from 22S. chrysophyllatrees, establishing an 86-y chronology (1926–2011). Ring-width patterns were significantly correlated with monthly rainfall from August of the previous year. This study is the first in the eastern tropical Pacific region to demonstrate annual growth rings in trees.
Asymmetries in children's production of relative clauses: data from English and Korean
Authors: KIM CHAE-EUN , O'GRADY WILLIAM 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTWe report here on a series of elicited production experiments that investigate the production of indirect object and oblique relative clauses by monolingual child learners of English and Korean. Taken together, the results from the two languages point toward a pair of robust asymmetries: children manifest a preference for subject relative clauses over indirect object relative clauses, and for direct object relative clauses over oblique relative clauses. We consider various possible explanations for these preferences, of which the most promising seems to involve the requirement that the referent of the head noun be easily construed as what the relative clause is about.
Principal bundles as Frobenius adjunctions with application to geometric morphisms
Authors: TOWNSEND CHRISTOPHER 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUsing a suitable notion of principalG-bundle, defined relative to an arbitrary cartesian category, it is shown that principal bundles can be characterised as adjunctions that stably satisfy Frobenius reciprocity. The result extends from internal groups to internal groupoids. Since geometric morphisms can be described as certain adjunctions that are stably Frobenius, as an application it is proved that all geometric morphisms, from a localic topos to a bounded topos, can be characterised as principal bundles.
Molecular phylogeny of genus Musa determined by simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Feng Huimin , Chen You , Li Bo , Wu Yaoting 
Published: August 2015

Musa L. was previously separated into five sections (Eumusa, Rhodochlamys, Callimusa, Australimusa and Ingentimusa) based on basic chromosome numbers and morphological characters. However, several molecular analyses currently support restructuring of Musa species into two sections, Musa and Callimusa. The application of simple sequence repeat molecular marker analysis to Musa phylogeny provided valuable, supplemental information about the classification of, and relationships between, Musa species and subspecies. Totally, 28 accessions of Musa acuminata Colla subspecies and varieties and 25 accessions of other Musa species were evaluated; 12 primers produced 91 polymorphic bands, polymorphic information content ranged from 0.4473 to 0.8394 (average = 0.7226), indicating that the primers showed a high level of polymorphism. Our results generally agreed with previous phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data. One clade comprised species of sections Australimusa and Callimusa (X= 10/9); most species of sections Eumusa and Rhodochlamys (X= 11) formed the other clade. The relationships between most species were as expected; however, some species did not conform to findings of previous studies. A wide range of variability was observed in the M. acuminata complex. M. acuminata var. chinensis and M. acuminata subsp. 522 showed the most distant relationships to other subspecies: Musa laterita, Musa ornata and Musa velutina clustered with M. acuminata var. chinensis, suggesting that they may constitute a secondary gene pool for the improvement of cultivated bananas. Molecular data indicated that Musa tongbiguanensis Chen You & Yao-Ting Wu, which was observed and described by our research group in Yunnan, China, was a distinct, new species.
Mental health among UK inner city non-heterosexuals: the role of risk factors, protective factors and place
Authors: Woodhead C. , Gazard B. , Hotopf M. , Rahman Q. , Rimes K. A. , Hatch S. L. 
Published: August 2015

Background.Sexual minorities experience excess psychological ill health globally, yet the UK data exploring reasons for poor mental health among sexual minorities is lacking. This study compares the prevalence of a measure of well-being, symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD), lifetime suicidal ideation, harmful alcohol and drug use among inner city non-heterosexual and heterosexual individuals. It is the first UK study which aims to quantify how much major, everyday and anticipated discrimination; lifetime and childhood trauma; and coping strategies for dealing with unfair treatment, predict excess mental ill health among non-heterosexuals. Further, inner city and national outcomes are compared.Methods.Self-report survey data came from the South East London Community Health study (N = 1052) and the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (N = 7403).Results.Adjustments for greater exposure to measured experiences of discrimination and lifetime and childhood trauma had a small to moderate impact on effect sizes for adverse health outcomes though in fully adjusted models, non-heterosexual orientation remained strongly associated with CMD, lifetime suicidal ideation, harmful alcohol and drug use. There was limited support for the hypothesis that measured coping strategies might mediate some of these associations. The inner city sample had poorer mental health overall compared with the national sample and the discrepancy was larger for non-heterosexuals than heterosexuals.Conclusions.Childhood and adult adversity substantially influence but do not account for sexual orientation-related mental health disparities. Longitudinal work taking a life course approach with more specific measures of discrimination and coping is required to further understand these associations. Sexual minorities should be considered as a priority in the design and delivery of health and social services.
Biallelic RFX6 mutations can cause childhood as well as neonatal onset diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sansbury Francis H , Kirel Birgül , Caswell Richard , Lango Allen Hana , Flanagan Sarah E , Hattersley Andrew T , Ellard Sian , Shaw-Smith Charles J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Neonatal diabetes is a highly genetically heterogeneous disorder. There are over 20 distinct syndromic and non-syndromic forms, including dominant, recessive and X-linked subtypes. Biallelic truncating or mis-sense mutations in the DNA-binding domain of the RFX6 transcription factor cause an autosomal recessive, syndromic form of neonatal diabetes previously described as Mitchell–Riley syndrome. In all, eight cases have been reported, with the age at onset of diabetes in the first 2 weeks of life. Here we report two individuals born to double first cousins in whom intestinal atresias consistent with a diagnosis of Mitchell–Riley syndrome were diagnosed at birth, but in whom diabetes did not present until the ages of 3 and 6 years. Novel compound heterozygous RFX6 nonsense mutations (p.Arg726X/p.Arg866X) were identified at the 3′ end of the gene. The later onset of diabetes in these patients may be due to incomplete inactivation of RFX6. Genetic testing for RFX6 mutations should be considered in patients presenting with intestinal atresias in the absence of neonatal diabetes.
Field propagation-induced directionality of carrier-envelope phase-controlled photoemission from nanospheres
Authors: Süßmann F. , Seiffert L. , Zherebtsov S. , Mondes V. , Stierle J. , Arbeiter M. , Plenge J. , Rupp P. , Peltz C. , Kessel A. , Trushin S. A. , Ahn B. , Kim D. , Graf C. , Rühl E. , Kling M. F. , Fennel T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNear-fields of non-resonantly laser-excited nanostructures enable strong localization of ultrashort light fields and have opened novel routes to fundamentally modify and control electronic strong-field processes. Harnessing spatiotemporally tunable near-fields for the steering of sub-cycle electron dynamics may enable ultrafast optoelectronic devices and unprecedented control in the generation of attosecond electron and photon pulses. Here we utilize unsupported sub-wavelength dielectric nanospheres to generate near-fields with adjustable structure and study the resulting strong-field dynamics via photoelectron imaging. We demonstrate field propagation-induced tunability of the emission direction of fast recollision electrons up to a regime, where nonlinear charge interaction effects become dominant in the acceleration process. Our analysis supports that the timing of the recollision process remains controllable with attosecond resolution by the carrier-envelope phase, indicating the possibility to expand near-field-mediated control far into the realm of high-field phenomena.
Quantitative analysis reveals how EGFR activation and downregulation are coupled in normal but not in cancer cells
Authors: Capuani Fabrizio , Conte Alexia , Argenzio Elisabetta , Marchetti Luca , Priami Corrado , Polo Simona , Di Fiore Pier Paolo , Sigismund Sara , Ciliberto Andrea 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUbiquitination of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that occurs when Cbl and Grb2 bind to three phosphotyrosine residues (pY1045, pY1068 and pY1086) on the receptor displays a sharp threshold effect as a function of EGF concentration. Here we use a simple modelling approach together with experiments to show that the establishment of the threshold requires both the multiplicity of binding sites and cooperative binding of Cbl and Grb2 to the EGFR. While the threshold is remarkably robust, a more sophisticated model predicted that it could be modulated as a function of EGFR levels on the cell surface. We confirmed experimentally that the system has evolved to perform optimally at physiological levels of EGFR. As a consequence, this system displays an intrinsic weakness that causes—at the supraphysiological levels of receptor and/or ligand associated with cancer—uncoupling of the mechanisms leading to signalling through phosphorylation and attenuation through ubiquitination.
Paths and determinants for Penicillium janthinellum to resist low and high copper
Authors: Xu Jian , Chen Guo-Li , Sun Xue-Zhe , Fan Xian-Wei , You-Zhi Li 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCopper (Cu) tolerance was well understood in fungi yeasts but not in filamentous fungi. Filamentous fungi are eukaryotes but unlike eukaryotic fungi yeasts, which are a collection of various fungi that are maybe classified into different taxa but all characterized by growth as filamentous hyphae cells and with a complex morphology. The current knowledge of Cu resistance of filamentous fungi is still fragmental and therefore needs to be bridged. In this study, we characterized Cu resistance of Penicillium janthinellum strain GXCR and its Cu-resistance-decreasing mutants (EC-6 and UC-8) and conducted sequencing of a total of 6 transcriptomes from wild-type GXCR and mutant EC-6 grown under control and external Cu. Taken all the results together, Cu effects on the basal metabolism were directed to solute transport by two superfamilies of solute carrier and major facilitator, the buffering free CoA and Acyl-CoA pool in the peroxisome, F-type H+-transporting ATPases-based ATP production, V-type H+-transporting ATPases-based transmembrane transport, protein degradation and alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs. Roles of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in resistance to low and high Cu were defined. The backbone paths, signaling systems and determinants that involve resistance of filamentous fungi to high Cu were determined, discussed and outlined in a model.
Stability of HIB-Cul3 E3 ligase adaptor HIB Is Regulated by Self-degradation and Availability of Its Substrates
Authors: Zhou Zizhang , Xu Congyu , Chen Ping , Liu Chen , Pang Shu , Yao Xia , Zhang Qing 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe HIB-Cul3 complex E3 ligase regulates physiological homeostasis through regulating its substrate stability and its activity can be modulated by changing HIB abundance. However, regulation of HIB remains elusive. Here we provide evidence that HIB is degraded through the proteasome by Cul3-mediated polyubiquitination in K48 manner in Drosophila. Strikingly, HIB is targeted for degradation by itself. We further identify that three degrons (52LKSS56T, 76LDEE80S and 117MESQ121R) and K185 and K198 of HIB are essential for its auto-degradation. Finally, we demonstrate that HIB-Cul3 substrates, Ci and Puc, can effectively protect HIB from HIB-Cul3-mediated degradation. Taken together, our study indicates that there is an exquisite equilibrium between the adaptor and targets to achieve the tight control of the HIB, which is essential for maintaining suitable Hh and JNK signaling. And the mechanism of adaptor self-degradation and reciprocal control of the abundance between adaptor and its substrates is also applied to BTB-Cul3 E3 ligase adaptor dKeap1, dDiablo and dKLHL18.
Fast analysis of 29 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lung Shih-Chun Candice , Liu Chun-Hu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs are ubiquitous in the environment. Some of them are probable carcinogens and some are source markers. This work presents an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-APPI-MS/MS) method for simultaneous analysis of 20 PAHs and nine nitro-PAHs. These compounds are separated in 15 minutes in the positive mode and 11 minutes in the negative mode, one half of GC/MS analysis time. Two pairs of precursor/product ions are offered, which is essential for confirmation. This method separates and quantifies benzo[a]pyrene (the most toxic PAHs) and non-priority benzo[e]pyrene (isomers, little toxicity) to avoid overestimation of toxin levels, demonstrating its importance for health-related researches. With 0.5% 2,4-difluoroanisole in chlorobenzene as the dopant, limits of detection of PAHs except acenaphthylene and those of nitro-PAHs except 2-nitrofluoranthene are below 10 pg and 3 pg, respectively, mostly lower than or comparable to those reported using LC-related systems. The responses were linear over two orders of magnitude with fairly good accuracy and precision. Certified reference materials and real aerosol samples were analyzed to demonstrate its applicability. This fast, sensitive and reliable method is the first UHPLC-APPI-MS/MS method capable of simultaneously analyzing 29 environmentally and toxicologically important PAHs and nitro-PAHs.
Quadruplex-and-Mg2+ Connection (QMC) of DNA
Authors: Kankia Besik 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis work highlights a novel method of coupling of nucleic acids through formation of an extraordinary stable, specific and fully reversible quadruplex-and-Mg2+ connection (QMC). QMC employs the monomolecular tetrahelical architecture of DNA and has two key components: (i) shape complementarity between QMC partners, which is introduced by specific modifications of the quadruplexes and (ii) Mg2+ ions. The on-rate of QMC formation is between 105–106 M−1 s−1, while the off-rate is undetectable even at 80 °C. However, QMC dissociates rapidly upon removal of Mg2+ ions (i.e., by EDTA). QMC is characterized by high specificity, as even a single-nucleotide modification of one of the connectors inhibits complex-formation. QMC has the potential to revolutionize biotechnology by introducing a new class of capture molecules with major advantages over traditional systems such as streptavidin-biotin. The advantages include reversibility, multiplexing, higher stability and specificity, longer shelf life and low cost.