bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le devenir des mâchefers d'incinération d'ordures ménagères: Partie 2 : traitement des mâchefers. Effet de la maturation, du tamisage, du déferraillage et du lavage à l’eau
Authors: Amokrane Ahcéne , Blanchard Jean-Marie , Billard Hervé , Chatelet Snidaro Lise , Delineau Thierry , Bourdier Christophe 
Published: June 2015

According to the newsletter of 9 May 1994, municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ashes can be valorized as fill material if their polluting potential is low (V-class). In the opposite case, they have to be treated in a maturation center (M-class), or to be eliminated in a landfill center (S-class). The present study has allowed to show the beneficial effect of three treatments (maturation, sifting and water-washing) in the improvement of the environmental quality of bottom ashes. However, the separation of iron has no effect if it is carried out upstream the maturation, but this treatment has to be prescribed downstream of the maturation to allow an effective valorisation (this is a condition often demanded of a geotechnical viewpoint). ln general, if the maturation do not permit to obtain directly a V-class bottom ashes, it can be coupled to a 4 or 6 mm-sifting to convert bottom ashes of M or S-class to a V-class.
Selon la circulaire du 9 mai 1994, les mâchefers peuvent être valorisés comme remblais si leur potentiel polluant est faible (mâchefers V), Dans le cas contraire, ils doivent être, soit traités dans un centre de maturation pour les rendre valorisables (mâchefers M), soit éliminés dans un centre de stockage (mâchefers S). La présente étude a permis de montrer l'effet bénéfique de la maturation, du tamisage et du lavage à l'eau dans l'amélioration de la qualité environnementale des mâchefers. En revanche, le déferraillage n'a pratiquement aucun effet lorsqu'il est réalisé en amont de la maturation, mais il doit être réalisé en aval pour permettre une valorisation effective (condition souvent exigée d'un point de vue géotechnique). De manière générale, lorsque la maturation ne permet pas d'obtenir directement des mâchefers de classe V, elle peut être couplée à un tamisage à 4 ou 6 mm pour avoir toutes les chances de convertir des mâchefers de classe M ou S en catégorie V.
Remobilisation de métaux lourds à partir de déchets solides vitrifiés: Nouvelles techniques d'évaluation
Authors: Motelica-Heino Mikael , Donard Olivier F.X. , Gauthier Arnaud , Thomassin Jean-Hugues , Le Coustumer Philippe 
Published: June 2015

New techniques for the investigation of the diffusion of metallic pollutants from solid wastes are presented. The methodology is based on the use of dynamic leaching tests with on line detection by ICP-MS and transmission electronic microscopy.
De nouvelles techniques pour l'étude de la remobilisation de polluants métalliques à partir de déchets solides sont présentées. La méthodologie employée repose sur l'utilisation conjointe de tests de lixiviation dynamique avec détection en ligne par ICP-MS et de la microscopie électronique à transmission.
Métaux lourds dans la matière fermentescible végétale d'ordures ménagères marocaines
Authors: Naifar El Maati , Pineau Jean-Louis , Marghiche Taïb , El Yahyaoui Ahmed 
Published: June 2015

Lead contents inferior at 6 ppm of dry matter (d.m) of wasted vegetals in garbage of Rabat (Morocco) are less than that given in literature, over 80 ppm d.m. The lead distribution according to vegetals depends on the physiological behaviour. In fact a linear relation between lead, zinc, chromium having low contents in ppm explains the ash content given in percent. Moreover some plants as parsily have a grade of lead approaching the limit of the acceptable concentration for saling according to the rules given by the French higher committee of health.
Les teneurs en plomb, inférieures à 6 mg/kg matière sèche (m.s), des végétaux rejetés dans des ordures ménagères de l'agglomération de Rabat (Maroc), sont nettement plus faibles que celles données dans la littérature, supérieures à 80 mg/kg m.s. La répartition du plomb suivant les végétaux dépend d'un comportement physiologique propre au végétal puisqu'une relation linéaire entre les teneurs en plomb, zinc, chrome exprimées en mg/kg explique pour partir les teneurs en cendres exprimées en pourcent. De plus, certains végétaux tel que le persil ont des teneurs en plomb du même ordre de grandeur que la limite de concentration acceptable pour une mise sur le marché, donnée par le Conseil supérieur d'hygiène publique de France.
Magmatic recharge in continental flood basalts: Insights from the Chifeng igneous province in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Yu Xun , Lee Cin‐Ty A. , Chen Li‐Hui , Zeng Gang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEruptive sequences can be used as windows into the thermal and chemical evolution of magma chambers. We examined a continuous vertical section of the Baichahe basalt flow associated with the late Cenozoic Chifeng flood basalt in Inner Mongolia, North China. From oldest to youngest, MgO increases, K2O, light rare earths and other incompatible elements decrease, and Nb/La and radiogenic Pb isotopic ratios increase, all of which indicate increasing primitiveness and decreasing contribution of crustal contamination with time. The variable Pb isotope and incompatible element ratios require a component of crustal contamination, most likely of the lower crust (unradiogenic Pb, and low Ce/Pb), in the earliest lavas. Fractional crystallization can explain some of the elemental systematics, but alone cannot explain variable incompatible element ratios and Pb isotopes, nor the temporal trend to more primitive compositions. Crustal assimilation with or without fractional crystallization also cannot explain all the elemental systematics. We find instead that recharge by a primitive magma, in combination with fractional crystallization and decreasing rates of crustal assimilation, is needed to explain the observed geochemical systematics. Our observations suggest that the delivery of fresh basalt to the magma chamber must increase at rates faster than the crust can be assimilated or that the rates of crustal assimilation must decrease. However, progressive addition of primitive magma should heat up the crust and lead to more crustal assimilation. We suggest that during the initial stages of forming a magma chamber, the magma cools and develops an outer crystalline rind of mafic to ultramafic cumulates. This results in a thickening nonconvecting chemical boundary layer, which serves to insulate the magma chamber from further assimilation of crust and cooling, the latter resulting in the reduction of crystallization rates and the buffering of magma compositions at more primitive compositions. We show that certain segments of other large igneous provinces also display an evolution toward more primitive magmas with time, indicating that magmatic recharge may be a common feature of basaltic magma chambers.
Optimizing the Photocontrol of bZIP Coiled Coils with Azobenzene Crosslinkers: Role of the Crosslinking Site
Authors: Ali Ahmed M. , Forbes Matthew W. , Woolley G. Andrew 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDNA binding by bZIP‐type coiled‐coil proteins can be inhibited by dominant negative versions of the proteins in which the N‐terminal basic region is replaced by an acidic extension. Photocontrol of bZIP function can be achieved by introducing intramolecular azobenzene‐based crosslinkers into dominant negatives. We show that the largest degree of photocontrol is achieved when the crosslinker is introduced into the zipper region of the dominant negative between Cys residues placed at f sites in the heptad segment showing the highest intrinsic helical propensity. The overall affinity of the dominant negative can then be tuned by varying the length of the acidic extension.
Industrielle und natürliche Kernreaktoren
Authors: Binnewies Michael , Willner Helge , Woenckhaus Jürgen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAlle Elemente mit atomaren Massen oberhalb der von Eisen, so auch die radioaktiven Elemente Thorium und Uran, wurden durch eine Supernova‐Sternexplosion gebildet [10]. Ihre langlebigen Isotope sind nun in der Erdkruste weit verbreitet. Die Chemie von Uran und Thorium ist wenig bedeutend, aber dafür können mit diesen Elementen in Kernkraftwerken gewaltige Energiemengen freigesetzt werden. Wie dies möglich ist, wird beschrieben. Überraschend ist, dass auch ein natürlicher Kernreaktor über hunderttausend Jahre selbständig Wärmeenergie lieferte. Nachfolgend haben wir dieses Phänomen, die Grundlagen der Kernspaltung, die verschiedenen Typen von Atommeilern, Sicherheitsaspekte sowie neuere Entwicklungen behandelt.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Series of Long‐Acting Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) Pentasaccharide Conjugates for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Irwin Nigel , Patterson Steven , de Kort Martin , Moffett R. Charlotte , Wisse Jeffry A. J. , Dokter Wim H. A. , Bos Ebo S. , Miltenburg André M. M. , Flatt Peter R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe present study details the development of a family of novel D‐Ala8 glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) peptide conjugates by site specific conjugation to an antithrombin III (ATIII) binding carrier pentasaccharide through tetraethylene glycol linkers. All conjugates were found to possess potent insulin‐releasing activity. Peptides with short linkers (<25 atoms) conjugated at Lys34 and Lys37 displayed strong GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1‐R) binding affinity. All D‐Ala8GLP‐1 conjugates exhibited prominent glucose‐lowering action. Biological activity of the Lys37 short‐linker peptide was evident up to 72 h post‐injection. In agreement, the pharmacokinetic profile of this conjugate (t1/2, 11 h) was superior to that of the GLP‐1‐R agonist, exenatide. Once‐daily injection of the Lys37 short‐linker peptide in ob/ob mice for 21 days significantly decreased food intake and improved HbA1c and glucose tolerance. Islet size was decreased, with no discernible change in islet number. The beneficial effects of the Lys37 short‐linker peptide were similar to or better than either exenatide or liraglutide, another GLP‐1‐R agonist. In conclusion, GLP‐1 peptides conjugated to an ATIII binding carrier pentasaccharide have a substantially prolonged bioactive profile compatible for possible once‐weekly treatment of type 2 diabetes in humans.
On the Complexity of Computing the Excessive [B]‐Index of a Graph
Authors: Cariolaro David , Rizzi Romeo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLet B be a positive integer and let G be a simple graph. An excessive [B]‐factorization of G is a minimum set of matchings, each of size B, whose union is . The number of matchings in an excessive [B]‐factorization of G (or ∞ if an excessive [B]‐factorization does not exist) is a graph parameter called the excessive [B]‐index of G and denoted by . In this article we prove that, for any fixed value of B, the parameter can be computed in polynomial time in the size of the graph G. This solves a problem posed by one of the authors at the 21st British Combinatorial Conference.
Analysis of piles subjected to lateral soil movements using a three‐dimensional displacement approach
Authors: Hirai Hiroyoshi 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAn analytical approach using the three‐dimensional displacement of a soil is investigated to provide analytical solutions of the horizontal response of a circular pile subjected to lateral soil movements in nonhomogeneous soil. The lateral stiffness coefficient of the pile shaft in nonhomogeneous soil is derived from the rocking stiffness coefficient that is obtained from the analytical solution, taking into account the three‐dimensional displacement represented in terms of scalar potentials in the elastic three‐dimensional analysis. The relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force of a pile subjected to lateral soil movements in nonhomogeneous soil is obtainable in the form of the recurrence equation. For the relationship between the lateral pressure and the horizontal displacement, it is assumed that the behavior is linear elastic up to lateral soil yield, and the lateral pressure is constant under the lateral soil yield. The interaction factors between piles subjected to both lateral load and moment are calculated, taking into account the lateral soil movement. The formulation of the lateral displacement and rotation of the pile base subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soils is presented by taking into account the Mindlin equation and the equivalent thickness for soil layers in the equivalent elastic method. For lateral movement, lateral pressure, bending moment, and interaction factors, there are small differences between results obtained from the 1‐D and the 3‐D displacement methods except a very flexible pile. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
R-acetoin accumulation and dissimilation in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Wang Dexin , Zhou Jidong , Chen Chuan , Wei Dong , Shi Jiping , Jiang Biao , Liu Pengfu , Hao Jian 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a 2,3-butanediol producer, and R-acetoin is an intermediate of 2,3-butanediol production. R-acetoin accumulation and dissimilation in K. pneumoniae was studied here. A budC mutant, which has lost 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase activity, accumulated high levels of R-acetoin in culture broth. However, after glucose was exhausted, the accumulated R-acetoin could be reused by the cells as a carbon source. Acetoin dehydrogenase enzyme system, encoded by acoABCD, was responsible for R-acetoin dissimilation. acoABCD mutants lost the ability to grow on acetoin as the sole carbon source, and the acetoin accumulated could not be dissimilated. However, in the presence of another carbon source, the acetoin accumulated in broth of acoABCD mutants was converted to 2,3-butanediol. Parameters of R-acetoin production by budC mutants were optimized in batch culture. Aerobic culture and mildly acidic conditions (pH 6–6.5) favored R-acetoin accumulation. At the optimized conditions, in fed-batch fermentation, 62.3 g/L R-acetoin was produced by budC and acoABCD double mutant in 57 h culture, with an optical purity of 98.0 %, and a substrate conversion ratio of 28.7 %.
Shirozulite, a Brittle Mn-mica in Manganese Formation of Gangpur Group, Eastern India
Authors: Dash Nilima , Mohapatra B. K. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract:
Shirozulite, ideally KMn3 (AlSi3) O10 (OH)2, is recorded for the first time in metamorphosed manganese formation of Gangpur group in eastern India. It is associated with spessartine, jacobsite, calcite, rhodochrosite and muscovite which seemingly formed by the reaction of muscovite with rhodochrosite. In-situ chemical composition shows some variation in Mn-content from the original shirozulite reported from Japan. Powder X-Ray diffraction studies reveal the unit cell parameters of shirozulite in the triclinic system as a=5.14 ±0.02Å, b=9.21±0.01Å, c=10.17±0.13 Å, b=94.14±0.31o and cell volume in Å3 = 487.22.
Dietary ratio of animal:plant protein is associated with 24-h urinary iodine excretion in healthy school children
Authors: Montenegro-Bethancourt Gabriela , Johner Simone A. , Stehle Peter , Remer Thomas 
Published: June 2015

Adequate dietary iodine intake in children is essential for optimal physical and neurological development. Whether lower dietary animal food and salt intake may adversely affect iodine status is under discussion. We examined the association between dietary animal:plant protein ratio with 24-h urinary iodine excretion (24-h UI, μg/d), and whether this is modified by salt intake. A 24-h UI was measured in 1959 24-h urine samples from 516 6- to 12-year-old participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study. Parallel 3 d weighed food records were used to estimate dietary intakes. Protein sources were classified as dairy, animal and plant. A repeated-measures regression model (PROC MIXED) was used to analyse the effect of animal:plant protein ratios on 24-h UI. Animal:plant protein ratios ranged from 0·5 (95 % CI 0·4, 0·6) to 1·6 (95 % CI 1·4, 1·9) (lowest and highest quartile). After adjustment for total energy intake, main dietary iodine sources (dairy and salt intake), and further covariates, the inter-individual variation in animal:plant protein ratio was significantly associated with variation in 24-h UI. One unit higher animal:plant protein ratio predicted 6 μg/d higher 24-h UI (P= 0·002) in boys and 5 μg/d (P= 0·03) in girls. This relationship was partially mediated by a higher salt intake at higher animal:plant protein ratios. These results suggest that lower consumption of animal protein is associated with a small decline in iodine excretion, partially mediated by decreased salt intake. Because limited salt and increased intake of plant-based foods are part of a preferable healthy food pattern, effective nutrition political strategies will be required in the future to ensure appropriate iodine nutrition in adherent populations.
Architecture of TFIIIC and its role in RNA polymerase III pre-initiation complex assembly
Authors: Male Gary , von Appen Alexander , Glatt Sebastian , Taylor Nicholas M. I. , Cristovao Michele , Groetsch Helga , Beck Martin , Müller Christoph W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn eukaryotes, RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) is specifically responsible for transcribing genes encoding tRNAs and other short non-coding RNAs. The recruitment of Pol III to tRNA-encoding genes requires the transcription factors (TF) IIIB and IIIC. TFIIIC has been described as a conserved, multi-subunit protein complex composed of two subcomplexes, called τA and τB. How these two subcomplexes are linked and how their interaction affects the formation of the Pol III pre-initiation complex (PIC) is poorly understood. Here we use chemical crosslinking mass spectrometry and determine the molecular architecture of TFIIIC. We further report the crystal structure of the essential TPR array from τA subunit τ131 and characterize its interaction with a central region of τB subunit τ138. The identified τ131–τ138 interacting region is essential in vivo and overlaps with TFIIIB-binding sites, revealing a crucial interaction platform for the regulation of tRNA transcription initiation.
On-Surface Observation of the Formation of Organometallic Complex in a Supramolecular Network
Authors: Li Yibao , Cheng Linxiu , Liu Chunhua , Liu Wei , Fan Yulan , Fan Xiaolin , Zeng Qingdao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe on-surface formation of organometallic monomers or oligomers, especially in supramolecular network, attracts an extensive interest for chemists and material scientist. In this work, we have investigated metal coordination between zinc (II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and 1, 3-di (4-pyridyl) propane (dipy-pra) in the 2, 6, 11-tricarboxydecyloxy-3, 7, 10-triundecyloxy triphenylene (asym-TTT) supramolecular template by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate under ambient conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that every two ZnPc molecules in one nano-reactor connect with each other through one dipy-pra molecule by metal-coordination interaction. In this coordinating process, the template of asym-TTT supramolecular networks plays a significant role.
PsANT, the adenine nucleotide translocase of Puccinia striiformis, promotes cell death and fungal growth
Authors: Tang Chunlei , Wei Jinping , Han Qingmei , Liu Rui , Duan Xiaoyuan , Fu Yanping , Huang Xueling , Wang Xiaojie , Kang Zhensheng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAdenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) is a constitutive mitochondrial component that is involved in ADP/ATP exchange and mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis in yeast and mammals. However, little is known about the function of ANT in pathogenic fungi. In this study, we identified an ANT gene of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), designated PsANT. The PsANT protein contains three typical conserved mitochondrion-carrier-protein (mito-carr) domains and shares more than 70% identity with its orthologs from other fungi, suggesting that ANT is conserved in fungi. Immuno-cytochemical localization confirmed the mitochondrial localization of PsANT in normal Pst hyphal cells or collapsed cells. Over-expression of PsANT indicated that PsANT promotes cell death in tobacco, wheat and fission yeast cells. Further study showed that the three mito-carr domains are all needed to induce cell death. qRT-PCR analyses revealed an in-planta induced expression of PsANT during infection. Knockdown of PsANT using a host-induced gene silencing system (HIGS) attenuated the growth and development of virulent Pst at the early infection stage but not enough to alter its pathogenicity. These results provide new insight into the function of PsANT in fungal cell death and growth and might be useful in the search for and design of novel disease control strategies.
Electronic polymers in lipid membranes
Authors: Johansson Patrik K. , Jullesson David , Elfwing Anders , Liin Sara I. , Musumeci Chiara , Zeglio Erica , Elinder Fredrik , Solin Niclas , Inganäs Olle 
Published: June 2015

AbstractElectrical interfaces between biological cells and man-made electrical devices exist in many forms, but it remains a challenge to bridge the different mechanical and chemical environments of electronic conductors (metals, semiconductors) and biosystems. Here we demonstrate soft electrical interfaces, by integrating the metallic polymer PEDOT-S into lipid membranes. By preparing complexes between alkyl-ammonium salts and PEDOT-S we were able to integrate PEDOT-S into both liposomes and in lipid bilayers on solid surfaces. This is a step towards efficient electronic conduction within lipid membranes. We also demonstrate that the PEDOT-S@alkyl-ammonium:lipid hybrid structures created in this work affect ion channels in the membrane of Xenopus oocytes, which shows the possibility to access and control cell membrane structures with conductive polyelectrolytes.
The effect of foreign management and board membership on the performance of foreign acquired Turkish banks
Authors: Polovina Nereida , Peasnell Ken 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of appointing foreign directors on the foreign acquired Turkish banks. Based on the developments in the Turkish banking system and the distinctive features of the Turkish market, the authors examine the appointment of foreign directors in three different levels: as a CEO, chairman and board member. The authors analyse how the appointments of foreign directors in each of these three levels affects the profitability and strategies of foreign acquired banks.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use the difference-in-difference (DID) model where the authors compare two groups: foreign acquired banks vs domestic banks for a five-year period. By applying the DID model, the authors aim to remove the time invariant individual characteristics of the banks that could be due to the permanent differences between the two groups, as well as biases from comparisons over time that could be due to trends.Findings– The authors find that the presence of the foreign chairman has a positive effect on the profitability of the foreign acquired bank and on the improvement of the income generated from interest activities, indicating that foreign chairman improves the monitoring of board of directors and brings new skills and experiences. Furthermore, foreign acquired banks are associated with an increase in the income generated from non-interest activities in the fifth year following their acquisitions, showing the introduction of new strategies. The change of the foreign acquired bank’s strategies in the fifth year after acquisition also suggests that it takes time to implement new strategies in a new environment.Originality/value– Though the effects of foreign board membership on bank’s performance have been previously discussed in literature, this study differentiates in that it distinguishes among different positions, e.g. chairman or CEO when examining the effect of a foreign director on a foreign acquired bank’s performance. In addition, the use of foreign acquired Turkish banks in the sample in this context adds to the general academic literature.