bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal intensity of superficial white matter on phase difference enhanced imaging as a landmark of the perirolandic cortex
Authors: Kakeda Shingo , Yoneda Tetsuya , Ide Satoru , Watanabe Keita , Hiai Yasuhiro , Korogi Yukunori 
Published: May 2015

Background The superficial white matter (SWM), which fills the space between the deep white matter and the cortex, has not been well characterized. Purpose To determine whether the assessment of the relative signal intensity (SI) of the SWM in the precentral and postcentral gyri on phase difference enhanced (PADRE) images contributes in establishing anatomical landmark. Material and Methods The study population consisted of 43 normal subjects (28 women, 15 men; mean age, 52.9 years; age range, 22–90 years). By the consensus of two observers, the precentral gyri, postcentral gyri, and superior frontal cortex (SFC) were identified based on the established anatomical methods. The SI of the SWM in the precentral and postcentral gyri on PADRE images was divided into three grades in comparison with that of the SFC: Grade I, isointense; Grade II, slightly hypointense; and Grade III, markedly hypointense. Results The SWM in the precentral and postcentral gyri showed hypointensity on PADRE images. In the SI analyses of the PADRE images, the Grade I, Grade II, and Grade III appearances were found in one (1%), 20 (23%), and 65 (76%) of the 86 precentral gyri (43 subjects), respectively, and in one (1%), 23 (27%), and 62 (72%) of the 86 postcentral gyri, respectively. Conclusion On PADRE images, the perirolandic SWM showed hypointensity compared to other cerebral cortices, which probably reflects differences in the concentrations of the nerve fibers, as well as the higher myelin content. PADRE may be useful for the identification of the central sulcus by assessing the SI of the SWM.
Surgical Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy With or Without Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Transfer
Authors: Hunt Kenneth J. , Cohen Bruce E. , Davis W. Hodges , Anderson Robert B. , Jones Carroll P. 
Published: May 2015

Background: Chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy is a common pathology that can be difficult to manage. Some experts have advocated augmentation with the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon in patients over age 50 and those with more severe tendon disease. We hypothesized that FHL augmentation would be associated with superior clinical outcome scores and greater ankle plantar flexion strength compared with Achilles debridement alone. Methods: Consecutive patients older than 50 years who had failed nonoperative treatment for chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy were randomly assigned to Achilles decompression and debridement alone (control group) or Achilles decompression and debridement augmented with FHL transfer (FHL group). Outcome measures included American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle/hindfoot score, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, ankle and hallux plantar flexion strength, and a patient satisfaction survey. A total of 39 enrolled patients had a minimum 1-year follow-up, 18 in the control group and 21 in the FHL transfer group. The average patient age was 60.5 years. Results: AOFAS and VAS scores improved in both groups at 6 months and 1 year with no difference between groups. There was greater ankle plantar flexion strength in the FHL group at 6 months and at 1 year compared with the control group ( P < .05). There was no difference between the 2 groups in hallux plantar flexion strength preoperatively and at 1 year after surgery. Some 87% of patients were satisfied with the outcome of their procedure. There was no significant increase in wound complications in the FHL group ( P < .05). Conclusion: We found no differences in pain, functional outcome (as measured by the AOFAS ankle/hindfoot scale), and patient satisfaction when comparing patients treated with Achilles debridement alone versus FHL augmentation for chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Ankle plantar flexion strength appeared to be improved with FHL transfer, with no loss of hallux plantar flexion strength. Although FHL transfer was a safe adjunct to tendon debridement and partial ostectomy for insertional Achilles tendinopathy in older patients with little compromise in function, it may not be necessary for primary cases. Level of Evidence: Level 1, prospective randomized trial.
Acute ischaemic stroke patients – direct admission to a specialist centre or initial treatment in a local hospital? A systematic review
Authors: Pickering Alastair , Harnan Susan , Cooper Katy , Sutton Anthea , Mason Suzanne , Nicholl Jon 
Published: May 2015

Objectives To assess the clinical effectiveness, in acute ischaemic stroke patients, of bypassing non-specialist centres in preference for a specialist stroke centre to receive the time-critical intervention of thrombolysis. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis using: MEDLINE; MEDLINE In-Process; EMBASE; CINAHL; Cochrane Library including Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane CENTRAL Controlled Trials Register, DARE, NHS EED and HTA databases. Studies were included if they compared acute ischaemic stroke patients directly triaged to a specialist centre versus those initially triaged to a non-specialist centre with some or all later transferred to a specialist centre. Studies were excluded if they compared patients ever treated in a specialist centre versus those never treated in such a centre, since the aim was to assess the optimum initial triage route rather than the optimum location for overall management. The assumption being, based on previous research, that management in a specialist centre leads to better patient outcomes. Results Fourteen studies investigating 2790 patients were identified. Studies comparing commencement of thrombolysis in non-specialist centres versus the specialist centres (n=1394) showed no significant difference in unadjusted mortality (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.61–1.30) or morbidity (favourable modified Rankin Score, n = 899) (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.85–1.59) among thrombolysed patients. In studies where thrombolysis could only be administered in a specialist centre, data for patients arriving within the therapeutic window (n = 140) revealed significantly higher mortality for those initially admitted to a non-specialist centre compared to directly admitted to a specialist centre (OR = 6.62; 95% CI = 2.60–16.82); morbidity data also favoured direct admission to a specialist centre, although not consistently. Conclusions For ischaemic stroke patients, the location of initial thrombolysis treatment does not affect outcomes. However, if thrombolysis is only available at a specialist centre, outcomes are considerably better for those patients admitted directly. However, these conclusions are based on poor quality data with small sample populations, significant heterogeneity and subject to confounding.
Anti-CCL2: building a reservoir or opening the floodgates to metastasis?
Authors: Hitchcock Jessica R , Watson Christine J 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNeutralisation of macrophage chemoattractant C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) has shown reduced metastasis and enhanced survival in numerous experimental models of tumorigenesis. However, important new findings reported in Nature by Momo Bentires-Alj’s laboratory demonstrate that withdrawal of anti-CCL2 treatment accelerates lung metastasis and death in mice. The study highlights the need to consider longer term consequences of therapeutic intervention of metastatic disease, especially with regard to transient interference with the tumour microenvironment.
Split-alignment of genomes finds orthologies more accurately
Authors: Frith Martin C , Kawaguchi Risa 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe present a new pair-wise genome alignment method, based on a simple concept of finding an optimal set of local alignments. It gains accuracy by not masking repeats, and by using a statistical model to quantify the (un)ambiguity of each alignment part. Compared to previous animal genome alignments, it aligns thousands of locations differently and with much higher similarity, strongly suggesting that the previous alignments are non-orthologous. The previous methods suffer from an overly-strong assumption of long un-rearranged blocks. The new alignments should help find interesting and unusual features, such as fast-evolving elements and micro-rearrangements, which are confounded by alignment errors.
The utility of human fallopian tube mucosa as a novel source of multipotent stem cells for the treatment of autologous reproductive tract injury
Authors: Wang Jiaojiao , Zhao Yong , Wu Xiaoyun , Yin Shande , Chuai Yunhai , Wang Aiming 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Fallopian tube, which is normally discarded in surgical procedures, has proven to be a source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with increasing evidence. However, fallopian tube mucosa, which can be acquired via non-invasive procedures, is a previously unknown source of MSCs. In the present study, we explored the existence of MSCs in the human fallopian tube mucosa and also compared multipotent stem cells derived from fallopian tubes and fallopian tube mucosa according to their biological characteristics and therapeutic potential for treatment of autologous reproductive tract injury.

Methods
Cells isolated from human fallopian tubes and fallopian tube mucosa were expanded and characterised by flow cytometry. The proliferative capacity of both cell types was measured by performing colony-forming unit-fibroblast and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Both cell types underwent in vitro adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation. The expression of osteocyte-, adipocyte-, and chondrocyte-related genes in the differentiated cell lineages was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The secretion of growth factors and immunomodulatory cytokines by both cell types were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results
We found that MSCs existed in the fallopian tube mucosa. The comparison between human fallopian tube MSCs (hFTMSCs) and human fallopian tube mucosa MSCs (hFMMSCs) showed that hFTMSCs had a stronger proliferative capacity and shorter duplication time than hFMMSCs. Both cell types could be differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts, or chondrocytes in vitro. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that hFTMSCs displayed increased expression of osteogenic-specific genes compared with hFMMSCs, but the two types of cells showed no significant increase in the mRNA expression of adipogenic-specific or chondrogenic-specific genes. hFMMSCs and hFTMSCs robustly produced a variety of growth factors and immunomodulatory cytokines.

Conclusions
Human fallopian tube mucosa is a novel source of multipotent cells. hFMMSCs demonstrated stronger proliferative capacity and superior secretion of growth factors and immunomodulatory cytokines than hFTMSCs, making the former a better source of stem cells for the treatment of autologous reproductive tract injury. Compared with fallopian tube, fallopian tube mucosa has more wide-ranging applications and can be used to carry out autologous transplantation.
Regulation of miR-24, miR-30b, and miR-142-3p during macrophage and dendritic cell differentiation potentiates innate immunity
Authors: Fordham Jezrom B , Naqvi Afsar R , Nares Salvador 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
miRNAs are ubiquitous regulators of human biology. Parallel profiling of in vitro monocyte-to-Mφ and monocyte-to-DC differentiation revealed static, convergent, and divergent expression of miRNA. Bioinformatic and network analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs implicated miR-24, miR-30b, and miR-142-3p as negative regulators of intracellular signaling pathways, triggered not only by differentiation factors (M-CSF/GM-CSF/IL-4) but also from PRRs. Manipulation of miR-24, miR-30b, and miR-142-3p expression during the differentiation of mD-Mφ and mD-DC differentiation had minimal impact on the acquisition of phenotype but significantly abrogated the ability of these cells to mount inflammatory responses to pathogen-associated stimuli. Forced expression of these miRNAs, which are down-regulated during differentiation, inhibited release of inflammatory cytokines [TNF-α, IL-12(p40), IL-6] upon stimulation with LPS. Functional analysis revealed overlapping mechanisms of inhibition, including surface expression of TLR4/CD14/MD-1 and intracellular PKCα/NF-κB activation. Potential intermediary targets of the TLR4-NF-κB axis included members of the PI3K and MAPK families and PKC isoforms. These results demonstrate the requirement of miR-24, miR-30b, and miR-142-3p down-regulation for the generation of fully functional Mφs and DCs.
Differential expression of mannose-6-phosphate receptor regulates T cell contraction
Authors: Ahmed Khawaja Ashfaque , Wang Lu , Griebel Philip , Mousseau Darrell D , Xiang Jim 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
CD8+ T cells provide protection against pathogens and cancer. After encountering a pathogenic antigen, CD8+ T cells undergo a triphasic program of rapid proliferation, contraction, and memory formation. Most (∼90–95%) CD8+ T cells die after vigorous proliferation in the T cell contraction phase, yet the mechanism that triggers apoptotic T cell death remains elusive. This study tested the hypothesis that differential cell-surface expression of M6PR, a multifunctional receptor that regulates lysozyme biogenesis, but also uptakes apoptosis-inducing serine-protease Gzm-B, critically determines life vs. death decisions in T cells. We demonstrate that M6PR-expression on CD8+ T cell surfaces is dynamically regulated during LmOVA bacterial infection. Notably, time-lapse, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry confirms that M6PRlow effectors, but not M6PRhigh effectors, escape Gzm-B lethal-hit derived from CD4+25+ Treg cells. Adoptive cotransfer of M6PRlow effectors and M6PRhigh effectors sorted from LmOVA-infected, congenic mice at the peak of CD8+ T cell response, reveals that M6PRlow effectors with the CD8+ T cell memory precursor phenotype preferentially survive the CD8+ T cell contraction and differentiate into functional, long-lasting memory CD8+ T cells. Taken together, our data provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that selective M6PR down-regulation has a critical role in CD8+ T cell survival, and our findings have implications for efficient vaccine design and immunotherapy.
The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1/VSOP inhibits neutrophil granule release
Authors: Okochi Yoshifumi , Aratani Yasuaki , Adissu Hibret A , Miyawaki Nana , Sasaki Mari , Suzuki Kazuo , Okamura Yasushi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Neutrophil granule exocytosis is crucial for host defense and inflammation. Neutrophils contain 4 types of granules, the exocytotic release of which is differentially regulated. This exocytosis is known to be driven by diverse mediators, including calcium and nucleotides, but the precise molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. We show in the present study that voltage-gated proton (Hv) channels are necessary for the proper release of azurophilic granules in neutrophils. On activation of NADPH oxidase by PMA and IgG, neutrophils derived from Hvcn1 gene knockout mouse exhibited greater secretion of MPO and elastase than WT cells. In contrast, release of LTF enriched in specific granules was not enhanced in these cells. The excess release of azurophilic granules in Hv1/VSOP-deficient neutrophils was suppressed by inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity and, in part, by valinomycin, a potassium ionophore. In addition, Hv1/VSOP-deficient mice exhibited more severe lung inflammation after intranasal Candida albicans infection than WT mice. These findings suggest that the Hv channel acts to specifically dampen the release of azurophilic granules through, in part, the suppression of increased positive charges at the plasma membrane accompanied by the activation of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils.
Evidence for a Putative Circadian Kiss-Clock in the Hypothalamic AVPV in Female Mice
Authors: Chassard David , Bur Isabelle , Poirel Vincent-Joseph , Mendoza Jorge , Simonneaux Valérie 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The kisspeptin (Kp) neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) are essential for the preovulatory LH surge, which is gated by circulating estradiol (E2) and the time of day. We investigated whether AVPV Kp neurons in intact female mice may be the site in which both E2 and daily signals are integrated and whether these neurons may host a circadian oscillator involved in the timed LH surge. In the afternoon of proestrous day, Kp immunoreactivity displayed a marked and transient decrease 2 hours before the LH surge. In contrast, Kp content was stable throughout the day of diestrus, when LH levels are constantly low. AVPV Kp neurons expressed the clock protein period 1 (PER1) with a daily rhythm that is phase delayed compared with the PER1 rhythm measured in the main clock of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). PER1 rhythm in the AVPV, but not in the SCN, exhibited a significant phase delay of 2.8 hours in diestrus as compared with proestrus. Isolated Kp-expressing AVPV explants from PER2::LUCIFERASE mice displayed sustained circadian oscillations of bioluminescence with a circadian period (23.2 h) significantly shorter than that of SCN explants (24.5 h). Furthermore, in AVPV explants incubated with E2 (10 nM to 1 μM), the circadian period was lengthened by 1 hour, whereas the SCN clock remained unaltered. In conclusion, these findings indicate that AVPV Kp neurons display an E2-dependent daily rhythm, which may possibly be driven by an intrinsic circadian clock acting in combination with the SCN timing signal.
Dynamic digestive physiology of a female reproductive organ in a polyandrous butterfly
Authors: Plakke Melissa S. , Deutsch Aaron B. , Meslin Camille , Clark Nathan L. , Morehouse Nathan I. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Reproductive traits experience high levels of selection because of their direct ties to fitness, often resulting in rapid adaptive evolution. Much of the work in this area has focused on male reproductive traits. However, a more comprehensive understanding of female reproductive adaptations and their relationship to male characters is crucial to uncover the relative roles of sexual cooperation and conflict in driving co-evolutionary dynamics between the sexes. We focus on the physiology of a complex female reproductive adaptation in butterflies and moths: a stomach-like organ in the female reproductive tract called the bursa copulatrix that digests the male ejaculate (spermatophore). Little is known about how the bursa digests the spermatophore. We characterized bursa proteolytic capacity in relation to female state in the polyandrous butterfly Pieris rapae. We found that the virgin bursa exhibits extremely high levels of proteolytic activity. Furthermore, in virgin females, bursal proteolytic capacity increases with time since eclosion and ambient temperature, but is not sensitive to the pre-mating social environment. Post copulation, bursal proteolytic activity decreases rapidly before rebounding toward the end of a mating cycle, suggesting active female regulation of proteolysis and/or potential quenching of proteolysis by male ejaculate constituents. Using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, we report identities for nine proteases actively transcribed by bursal tissue and/or expressed in the bursal lumen that may contribute to observed bursal proteolysis. We discuss how these dynamic physiological characteristics may function as female adaptations resulting from sexual conflict over female remating rate in this polyandrous butterfly.
Photocatalytic Activity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Linked on Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide through Mussel-inspired Chemistry
Authors: Oh Chang Eun , Park Young Ho , Kim Sungmin , Lim Donggun , Park Sung Young , In Insik 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Mussel-inspired linking of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was successfully attempted to provide novel hybrid photocatalysts accomplishing enhanced and recyclable photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue as a model compound for environmental pollutants under either ultraviolet or even visible light.
Cavity-promoted Diels–Alder Reactions of Unsubstituted Naphthalene: Fine Reactivity Tuning by Cavity Shrinkage
Authors: Fang Yu , Murase Takashi , Fujita Makoto 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
By finely tuning the cavity volume of a coordination cage, the Diels–Alder reactivity of aromatic compounds was enhanced. Even unsubstituted naphthalene could be made to undergo the Diels–Alder reaction with N-tert-butylmaleimide, with perfectly controlled syn-selectivity. M6L4 cages with standard and contracted cavities had opposite effects on the reaction: the former favored larger Diels–Alder substrates, whereas the latter favored smaller ones.
Controlled Synthesis of BiVO4 Submicrospheres and Their Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Gao Xingxing , Xu Hongbo , Yu Jianglong , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
An ethylene glycol/water (EG/H2O) system has been designed to synthesize monoclinic BiVO4 submicrospheres through a mild dodecylamine-assisted hydrothermal method. The results show that the crystal phase of the synthesized product can be tuned by changing the volume ratio of EG/H2O. Moreover, the effects of dodecylamine on the morphologies of the obtained products were also discussed. The photocatalytic activities of samples were evaluated on the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible-light irradiation (λ &gt; 400 nm). The results indicated that BiVO4 submicrospheres exhibited better photocatalytic activities than peanut-shaped BiVO4.
ORCID for funders: Who’s who - and what are they doing? - ORCID IDs as identifiers for researchers and flexible article based classifications to understand the collective researcher portfolio
Authors: Herzog Christian , Radford Giles 
Published: May 2015

For science funders, ORCID provides a persistent identifier that distinguishes one researcher from the others, and can facilitate workflows in grant submission, career tracking, and research impact(s). It makes life easier for the researcher – they can update their information in ORCID and make his/her past publications available to a funder as an ongoing service by just allowing this access as a one-time agreement. With these newly launched persistent tokens, researchers can grant a funder the right to update their grant record on ORCID once awarded – the metadata goes on an automatic roundtrip – effortless for the researcher, but the researcher stays in control, and can remove this right at any stage. Having and sharing data is one aspect – but being able to understand true researcher activity is another – and even more challenging is to understand research activity in the aggregate. What are hundreds or thousands of researchers doing? Often a standard search will only answer or provide insights into a slice of the data. Research classification systems - like the Fields of Research (FOR) - provide sufficient aggregation, but these normally require manual tagging and curation of all the documents in a dataset. However, by using machine learning to automate tagging, it becomes possible to answer the ‘what’ question easily. This ‘article-based classification’ is realized using Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology. With Dimensions, a portfolio analysis tool for research funders these capabilities are combined for research funders: allowing the researcher to provide controlled access to their ORCID profile and a solution environment for flexible article based classification, providing immediate access to analytical information on the researcher and institutional level – answering the questions ‘who is who’ and ‘what are they doing’?