bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serial sampling of copeptin levels improves diagnosis and risk stratification in patients presenting with chest pain: results from the CHOPIN trial
Authors: Marston Nicholas A , Shah Kevin S , Mueller Christian , Neath Sean-Xavier , Christenson Robert H , McCord James , Nowak Richard M , Daniels Lori B , Hollander Judd E , Apple Fred , Nagurney John , Schreiber Donald , deFilippi Christopher , Diercks Deborah , Limkakeng Alexander , Anand Inder S , Wu Alan HB , Jaffe Allan S , Peacock W Frank , Maisel Alan S 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundCopeptin has demonstrated a role in early rule out for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in combination with a negative troponin. However, management of patients with chest pain with a positive copeptin in the setting of a negative troponin is unclear.MethodsThe multicentre CHOPIN trial enrolled 2071 patients with acute chest pain. Of these, 476 subjects with an initial negative troponin but an elevated copeptin (>14 pmol/L) were included in this study. Copeptin and troponin levels were rechecked at 2 h and the final diagnosis of AMI was made by two independent, blinded cardiologists. Follow-up at 30 days was obtained for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including death, AMI and urgent revascularisation.ResultsOf the 476 patients analysed, 365 (76.7%) had a persistently elevated copeptin at 2 h and 111 patients (23.3%) had a copeptin that fell below the cut-off of 14 pmol/L. When the second copeptin was elevated there were 18 AMIs (4.9%) compared with 0 (0%) when the second copeptin was negative (p=0.017), yielding a negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI 96.7% to 100%). On 30-day follow-up there were 36 MACEs (9.9%) in the positive second copeptin group and 2 (1.8%) MACEs in the negative second copeptin group (p=0.006).ConclusionsPatients with chest pain with an initial negative troponin but positive copeptin are common and carry an intermediate risk of AMI. A second copeptin drawn 2 h after presentation may help risk stratify and potentially rule out AMI in this cohort.
Validation of an Organizational Management Model of Remote Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Monitoring Alerts
Authors: Guédon-Moreau Laurence , Finat Loïc , Boulé Stéphane , Wissocque Ludivine , Marquié Christelle , Brigadeau François , Kouakam Claude , Mondésert Blandine , Kacet Salem , Klug Didier , Lacroix Dominique 
Published: June 2015

Background—
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are a standard means of sudden cardiac death prevention. Compared with ambulatory visits, remote monitoring (RM) of ICD recipients has improved the quality of health care and spared its resources. Few studies have addressed the organization of RM. We optimized and validated our institutional model of RM organization for ICD recipients.

Methods and Results—

This observational study of 562 ICD recipients compared 2 RM periods consisting of iterative, qualitative, and quantitative (1) device diagnostic evaluations by nurses and cardiologists; and (2) selected decisional trees. The main study end points were the professional interventions prompted by, and times allocated to, RM alerts. During the first period, 1134 alerts occurred in 427 patients (286 patient-year), of which 376 (33%) were submitted to cardiologists’ reviews, compared with, 1522 alerts in 562 patients (458 patient-year), of which 273 (18%) were submitted to cardiologists’ reviews during the second period (
P
<0.001). An intervention was prompted by 73 of 376 (19.4%) alerts in the first versus 77 of 273 (28.2%) in the second period (
P
=0.009). The mean time to manage an alert was 4 minutes 31 s in the first versus 2 minutes 10 s in the second period (
P
<0.001). The annual numbers of alert-related hospitalizations were 10.8 versus 8.1 per 100-patient-year (
P
=0.230), and annual numbers of alert-related visits were 9.8 and 6.1 per 100-patient-year (
P
=0.081), respectively.

Conclusions—
An optimized RM organization based on automated alerts and decisional trees enabled a focus on clinically relevant events and a decrease in the consumption of resources without compromising the quality of ICD recipients’ care.
Futile Interhospital Transfer for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Fuentes Blanca , Alonso de Leciñana María , Ximénez-Carrillo Alvaro , Martínez-Sánchez Patricia , Cruz-Culebras Antonio , Zapata-Wainberg Gustavo , Ruiz-Ares Gerardo , Frutos Remedios , Fandiño Eduardo , Caniego Jose L. , Fernández-Prieto Andrés , Méndez Jose C. , Bárcena Eduardo , Marín Begoña , García-Pastor Andrés , Díaz-Otero Fernando , Gil-Núñez Antonio , Masjuán Jaime , Vivancos Jose , Díez-Tejedor Exuperio 
Published: June 2015

Background and Purpose—
The complexity of endovascular revascularization treatment (ERT) in acute ischemic stroke and the small number of patients eligible for treatment justify the development of stroke center networks with interhospital patient transfers. However, this approach might result in futile transfers (ie, the transfer of patients who ultimately do not undergo ERT). Our aim was to analyze the frequency of these futile transfers and the reasons for discarding ERT and to identify the possible associated factors.

Methods—
We analyzed an observational prospective ERT registry from a stroke collaboration ERT network consisting of 3 hospitals. There were interhospital transfers from the first attending hospital to the on-call ERT center for the patients for whom this therapy was indicated, either primarily or after intravenous thrombolysis (drip and shift).

Results—
The ERT protocol was activated for 199 patients, 129 of whom underwent ERT (64.8%). A total of 120 (60.3%) patients required a hospital transfer, 50 of whom (41%) ultimately did not undergo ERT. There were no differences in their baseline characteristics, the times from stroke onset, or in the delays in interhospital transfers between the transferred patients who were treated and those who were not treated. The main reasons for rejecting ERT after the interhospital transfer were clinical improvement/arterial recanalization (48%) and neuroimaging criteria (32%).

Conclusions—
Forty-one percent of the ERT transfers were futile, but none of the baseline patient characteristics predicted this result. Futility could be reduced if repetition of unnecessary diagnostic tests was avoided.
Estimation of Errors in Two-Stream Approximations of the Solar Radiative Transfer Equation for Cloudy-Sky Conditions
Authors: Barker Howard W. , Cole Jason N. S. , Li Jiangnan , Yi Bingqi , Yang Ping 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Solar flux densities and heating rates predicted by a broadband, multilayer δ-Eddington two-stream approximation are compared to estimates from a Monte Carlo model that uses detailed descriptions of cloud particle phase functions and facilitates locally nonzero net horizontal flux densities. Results are presented as domain averages for 256-km sections of cloudy atmospheres inferred from A-Train satellite data: 32 632 samples for January 2007 between 70°S and 70°N with total cloud fraction C &gt; 0.05. The domains are meant to represent grid cells of a conventional global climate model and consist of columns of infinite width across track and Δx ≈ 1 km along track. The δ-Eddington was applied in independent column approximation (ICA) mode, while the Monte Carlo was applied using both Δx → ∞ (i.e., ICA) and Δx ≈ 1 km. Mean-bias errors due to the δ-Eddington’s neglect of phase function details and horizontal transfer, as functions of cosine of solar zenith angle μ0, are comparable in magnitude and have the same signs.
With minor dependence on cloud particle sizes, the δ-Eddington over- and underestimates top-of-atmosphere reflected flux density for the cloudy portion of domains by ~10 W m−2 for μ0 &gt; 0.9 and −3 W m−2 for μ0 &lt; 0.2; full domain averages are ~8 and −2 W m−2, respectively, given mean C &gt; 0.75 for all μ0. These errors are reversed in sign, but slightly larger, for net surface flux densities. The δ-Eddington underestimates total atmospheric absorption by ~2.5 W m−2 on average. Hence, δ-Eddington mean-bias errors for domain-averaged layer heating rates are usually negative but can be positive. Rarely do they exceed ±10% of the mean heating rate; the largest errors are when the sides of liquid clouds are irradiated by direct beams.
Impact of Horizontal Resolution on Precipitation in Complex Orography Simulated by the Regional Climate Model RCA3*
Authors: Güttler Ivan , Stepanov Igor , Branković Čedo , Nikulin Grigory , Jones Colin 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The hydrostatic regional climate model RCA, version 3 (RCA3), of the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute was used to dynamically downscale ERA-40 and the ECMWF operational analysis over a 22-yr period. Downscaling was performed at four horizontal resolutions—50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 km—over an identical European domain. The model-simulated precipitation is evaluated against high-resolution gridded observational precipitation datasets over Switzerland and southern Norway, regions that are characterized by complex orography and distinct climate regimes.
RCA3 generally overestimates precipitation over high mountains: during winter and summer over Switzerland and during summer over central-southern Norway. In the summer, this is linked with a substantial contribution of convective precipitation to the total precipitation errors, especially at the coarser resolutions (50 and 25 km). A general improvement in spatial correlation coefficients between simulated and observed precipitation is observed when the horizontal resolution is increased from 50 to 6 km. The 95th percentile spatial correlation coefficients during winter are much higher for southern Norway than for Switzerland, indicating that RCA3 is more successful at reproducing a relatively simple west-to-east precipitation gradient over southern Norway than a much more complex and variable precipitation distribution over Switzerland. The 6-km simulation is not always superior to the other simulations, possibly indicating that the model dynamical and physical configuration at this resolution may not have been optimal. However, a general improvement in simulated precipitation with increasing resolution supports further use and application of high spatial resolutions in RCA3.
Families of returned defence force personnel: a changing landscape of challenges
Authors: Berle David , Steel Zachary 
Published: June 2015

Objective: This paper aims to identify the key challenges experienced by the families of defence force personnel following deployment. Method: We undertook a selective review of four post-deployment challenges to the families of defence force personnel: (1) changes to relationships; (2) changes to family member roles and responsibilities; (3) adjustment of children and parenting challenges; and (4) anger, family conflict and violence. Emerging issues in the area of post-deployment adjustment are also discussed. Results: Empirical studies of post-deployment family adjustment are lacking. Each of the reviewed challenges can contribute to psychological difficulties and precipitate contact with mental health services. Conclusions: The challenges faced by defence force personnel when returning from deployment arise within a family context. Clinicians should thoroughly assess these factors in families following deployment, but also recognise family strengths and resilience to these challenges.
Salvage chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for transformed indolent lymphoma: a subset analysis of NCIC CTG LY12
Authors: Kuruvilla John , MacDonald David A. , Kouroukis C. Tom , Cheung Matthew , Olney Harold J. , Turner A. Robert , Anglin Peter , Seftel Matthew , Ismail Walid Sabry , Luminari Stefano , Couban Stephen , Baetz Tara , Meyer Ralph M. , Hay Annette E. , Shepherd Lois , Djurfeldt Marina S. , Alamoudi Sameer , Chen Bingshu E. , Crump Michael 
Published: June 2015

Key Points
Patients with relapsed or refractory transformed indolent lymphoma and DLBCL have similar outcomes with salvage therapy and ASCT. This therapy should be considered the standard of care for previously treated transformed indolent lymphoma.
On monotone nonexpansive mappings in $L_{1}([0,1])$
Authors: Khamsi Mohamed Amine , Khan Abdul Rahim 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLet the set $C \subset L_{1}([0,1])$
C
⊂

L
1

(
[
0
,
1
]
)
be nonempty, convex and compact for the convergence almost everywhere and $T: C \rightarrow C$
T
:
C
→
C
be a monotone nonexpansive mapping. In this paper, we study the behavior of the Krasnoselskii-Ishikawa iteration sequence $\{f_{n}\}$
{

f
n

}
defined by $f_{n+1} = \lambda f_{n} + (1-\lambda)T(f_{n})$

f

n
+
1

=
λ

f
n

+
(
1
−
λ
)
T
(

f
n

)
, $n = 1, 2, \ldots$
n
=
1
,
2
,
…
, $\lambda\in(0,1)$
λ
∈
(
0
,
1
)
. Then we prove a fixed point theorem for these mappings. Our result is new and was never investigated.
Constellation Map: Downstream visualization and interpretation of gene set enrichment results
Authors: Tan Yan , Wu Felix , Tamayo Pablo , Haining W. Nicholas , Mesirov Jill P. 
Published: June 2015

Summary: Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) approaches are widely used to identify coordinately regulated genes associated with phenotypes of interest. Here, we present Constellation Map, a tool to visualize and interpret the results when enrichment analyses yield a long list of significantly enriched gene sets. Constellation Map identifies commonalities that explain the enrichment of multiple top-scoring gene sets and maps the relationships between them. Constellation Map can help investigators take full advantage of GSEA and facilitates the biological interpretation of enrichment results. Availability: Constellation Map is freely available as a GenePattern module at http://www.genepattern.org.
When dying at home is not an option: exploration of hostel staff views on palliative care for homeless people
Authors: Webb Wendy Ann 
Published: June 2015

Background: The Department of Health in the UK suggest that hostel staff are the most appropriate key workers for their dying homeless residents and that hostel-based palliative care may be the best way forward. However, little is known about the views of hostel staff with regard to this. Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with seven participants from hostels distributed across three counties. A total of 37 specific case studies were discussed involving homeless residents with a wide range of life-limiting or palliative conditions. Findings: Eight main themes emerged: understanding palliative care; working with limited medical information; taking responsibility; building rapport; upholding residents' dignity; recognising physical deterioration; managing environmental challenges; role limitations and support needs of hostel staff. Conclusion: Discussion centred around the following four topics: policy, principles and practice of palliative care; professional boundaries as a threat to holism and a hindrance to dignity; the social undesirability and invisibility of homeless people; ‘community living’ as a barrier to hostel-based palliative care and a new concept of family.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Falls in Adults with Intellectual Disability Living in a Residential Facility: A Longitudinal Study [PreFallID]
Authors: Salb Johannes , Woodward Carol , Offenhäußer Jens , Becker Clemens , Sieber Cornel , Freiberger Ellen 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The objective of our study was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of falls in adults with intellectual disability living in a residential care setting and to define differences between fallers and non-fallers in younger and older resident groups. In contrast to the general population, falls are a problem for both aged and younger adults with intellectual disability living in a residential care setting. Falls of 147 residents, aged between 21-89 years with different grades of ID, were recorded prospectively over a 12 months period using a digital fall report form. For all participants, a total of 140 falls were reported and high fall rates per person-year were found in the younger (0.85) as well as in the older aged residents (1.06).
Stereological and Immunohistochemical Study of the Spleen in Hypothyroid Juvenile Rats
Authors: Roksandić Dragutin , Radovanović Anita , Danilović Luković Jelena , Marković Danica , Kovačević Filipović Milica , Čolić Miodrag 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of hypothyroidism on spleen tissue morphology and immune cell density in fourteen-day-old juvenile rats. Hypothyroidism in pups (n=10) was induced by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water (1.5 mg/L) to their mothers during pregnancy and period of lactation. Fourteen-day-old pups were sacrificed and the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) serum concentration and thyroid activation index (Ia) were determined. Increased serum level of TSH and increased Ia showed that pups from PTU treated mothers were hypothyroid. White and red spleen pulp, marginal zone and connective tissue volume density has been assessed by using the stereological method. Using immunohistochemistry, the present CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD45RA+ B lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages were quantified. A significant reduction of volume density of the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath (VvPALS) and lymphatic follicles (Vvf) due to depletion of T and B lymphocytes respectively, was observed in the spleens of hypothyroid pups compared to controls. The volume density of the red pulp (Vvrp), marginal zone (Vvmz) and connective tissue (Vvct) was increased, as well as the number of CD68+ macrophages in the spleens of hypothyroid pups compared to controls. These results indicate that thyroid hormones might be important for normal development of both, specific and innate immune cells in the spleen during prenatal and early postnatal period.
Cellular Immune Response to Interferon-Τ in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Japanese Black Cattle with Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection / Imunski Odgovor Mononuklearnih Ćelija Periferne Krvi Na Interferon-Τ Kod Infekcije Virusom Leukemije Japanskog Crnog Govečeta
Authors: Sei-Ichi Kakinuma , Tomohiro Izawa , Kei-Ichi Matsuda , Satoru Konnai , Yosuke Maeda , Hiromichi Ohtsuka 
Published: June 2015

γ
IFN-τ is a type I interferon, and it is known to be non-virus inducible in ruminants. IFN-τ reduced syncytium formation by PBMC obtained from BLV infected cattle in vitro. In order to clarify the effects of IFN-τ on cellular immune function in Japanese Black (JB) cattle with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, immune related factors of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed using IFN-τ as a stimulator. Thirty-two JB cattle were used in this investigation, and these cattle were divided into three groups: cattle with enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) (EBL Group, N=7), clinically healthy cattle with BLV infection (Carrier Group, N=13), and clinically healthy cattle without BLV infection (non-Carrier Group, N=12). A number of mRNA expressions of interleukin-12 and interferon (IFN)-as immune cell activating cytokines, perforin and granulysin as cytotoxic factors, and myxovirus resistance protein (MX)-1 and MX-2 as anti-virus factors of PBMC were analyzed after culturing cells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or IFN-τ. The basal mRNA levels of perforin and granulysin in the Carrier Group were significantly higher than those in the non-Carrier Group. Also, significantly higher basal mRNA levels of MX-1 and MX-2 in the EBL Group were detected compared with the non-Carrier Group. The mRNA expressions of perforin and granulysin in PBMC stimulated with PHA were higher in the Carrier Group than those in the non-Carrier Group. There were significantly higher mRNA levels of MX-1 and MX-2 in PBMC stimulated with IFN-τ in the EBL Group compared with those in the non-Carrier Group. These results suggest an enhanced sensitivity of anti-virus reaction in PBMC by IFN-τ treatment in JB cattle with EBL.
Biomarkers of Stress in Saliva / Biomarkeri stresa u pljuvački
Authors: Ivković Nedeljka , Božović Đorđe , Račić Maja , Popović-Grubač Dijana , Davidović Brankica 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARY
Stress is defined as a state in which homeostasis, as a dynamic balance of internal conditions necessary for the proper functioning of cells or the living organism as a whole, is affected by the action of various stressors. Stress reaction occurs as a result of stress system activities, which is located in the central and peripheral nervous system. Stress evaluation involves a qualitative and quantitative analyses and valuation of certain biologically active substances (biomarkers of stress) in body fluids that are so often associated with stress. Saliva as a diagnostic medium is being increasingly used for purposes of clinical and basic research because of its composition and content as well as the advantages of the process of sampling, as compared to traditional methods of collecting blood samples and urine samples. Cortisol, as a biomarker of stress, is the most often studied salivary biomarker, which is associated with the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis. Since stress leads to the suppression of the immune system, values of salivary secretory IgA and salivary lysozyme, as biomarkers of stress, can be analyzed. In saliva, it is difficult to monitor acute stress parameters, catecholamines, due to their low concentrations, rapid degradation and instability in the samples. Chromogranin A (CgA) and α-amylase enzyme can be used as alternative indices of adrenergic activity during stress reactions, due to their stability in saliva and reliability of the obtained values.
Stress reaction and the diseases in whose pathogenesis it participates are yet another proof of the constant interaction of physical, psychological and social factors in health / disease
Antioxidants and Antioxidant Capacity of Human Milk / Antioksidansi i antioksidativni kapacitet humanog mleka
Authors: Živković Jelena , Sunarić Slavica , Trutić Nataša , Denić Marko , Kocić Gordana , Jovanović Tatjana 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARY
Milk contains plenty of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components that probably account for the vital antioxidant protection of the infants at early stages of life against the development of complications induced by oxygen free radicals. Indigenous milk enzymes play a key role in regulating lactogenesis, including active involution of mammary gland. Moreover, they are essential constituents of antioxidation and the innate immune system of milk. Among antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase and selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase have been demonstrated in human milk. Mainly, the enzyme content of colostrum is higher than that in corresponding mature milk. Beside lipophilic antioxidant in human milk, tocopherols, carotenoids and vitamin A are of great interest. Those components demonstrate the highest levels in colostrum and decline during early lactation, despite the fact that total lipids increase. The complete list of active antioxidant components in human milk is not yet known.
This review reports the main findings of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as antioxidant capacity of human milk. Synergism of action of several antioxidants helps to eliminate free radicals in newborns. Bearing in mind that milk contains a number of antioxidants, many reactions are possible and it is difficult to define the exact contribution and function of each antioxidant. Besides qualitative and quantitative analysis of human milk antioxidants, the measurement of total antioxidant capacity could be a useful tool for examination of this dynamic, complex fluid