bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The smell of change: warming affects species interactions mediated by chemical information
Authors: Sentis Arnaud , Ramon‐Portugal Felipe , Brodeur Jacques , Hemptinne Jean‐Louis 
Published: March 2015

AbstractKnowledge of how temperature influences an organism's physiology and behaviour is of paramount importance for understanding and predicting the impacts of climate change on species' interactions. While the behaviour of many organisms is driven by chemical information on which they rely on to detect resources, conspecifics, natural enemies and competitors, the effects of temperature on infochemical‐mediated interactions remain largely unexplored. Here, we experimentally show that temperature strongly influences the emission of infochemicals by ladybeetle larvae, which, in turn, modifies the oviposition behaviour of conspecific females. Temperature also directly affects female perception of infochemicals and their oviposition behaviour. Our results suggest that temperature‐mediated effects on chemical communication can influence flows across system boundaries (e.g. immigration and emigration) and thus alter the dynamics and stability of ecological networks. We therefore argue that investigating the effects of temperature on chemical communication is a crucial step towards a better understanding of the functioning of ecological communities facing rapid environmental changes.
From admission to discharge in mental health services: a qualitative analysis of service user involvement
Authors: Wright Nicola , Rowley Emma , Chopra Arun , Gregoriou Kyriakos , Waring Justin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundUser involvement and recovery are now widely used terms within the mental health policy, research and practice discourse. However, there is a question mark about the impact these ideas have in everyday practice. Of interest is the degree of involvement in key transitions of care. In particular, admission to and discharge from acute inpatient mental health wards.ObjectiveTo explore the nature of service user involvement in the admission and discharge process into and out of acute inpatient mental health care.DesignA qualitative study using focus groups.Setting and ParticipantsOne acute, inpatient mental health ward was the focus of the study. Seven uniprofessional focus group interviews were conducted with ward staff, community staff and service users (total number of participants = 52). Conventional, thematic qualitative techniques were used to analyse the data.ResultsThe data analysed and presented in this article relate to the loss of the service user voice at the key transition points into and out of acute inpatient care. Due to the lack of resources (inpatient beds and community care follow‐up), the role service users could play was diminished. In their narratives, clinical staff associated the person with the process and used language which dehumanized the individual.ConclusionService users experience numerous care transitions into and out of hospital. As there is the potential for these encounters to have a lasting negative effect, the importance of ensuring service users have a voice in what is happening to them is crucial.
Clinicopathological significance of ARID1B in breast invasive ductal carcinoma
Authors: Shao Fei , Guo Tiantian , Chua Pei Jou , Tang Lili , Thike Aye Aye , Tan Puay‐Hoon , Bay Boon Huat , Baeg Gyeong Hun 
Published: March 2015

AimsIdentification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers for breast cancer is essential to better stratify patients for treatment and evaluate patient outcome. AT‐rich interactive domain‐containing protein 1B (ARID1B) is implicated in cell proliferation, but its role in tumorigenesis remains unclear.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemical analysis of ARID1B expression using breast cancer tissue microarrays containing 156 breast invasive ductal carcinoma patient samples and subsequent statistical data analysis based on ARID1B immunoreactivity score were performed to examine the correlation between clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer and ARID1B expression. In‐vitro assays were also performed to study the role of ARID1B in cell cycle progression. Univariate analysis revealed that high ARID1B expression is correlated closely with histological grade (P = 0.045) and size (P = 0.043) of invasive breast cancer. These findings were confirmed by multivariate analysis. Notably, increased ARID1B expression was frequently detected in the aggressive triple‐negative breast cancer subtypes (P = 0.039) and associated with decreased 5‐year disease‐free survival rate. Lastly, MDA‐MB‐231 cells with reduced ARID1B activity displayed a delay in G1 to S phase cell cycle transition and consequently showed a decrease in cell proliferation compared with controls (P < 0.001).ConclusionsARID1B potentially serves as a valuable prognostic and predictive biomarker as well as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
A novel multimodular methodology to investigate external cervical tooth resorption
Authors: Mavridou A. M. , Pyka G. , Kerckhofs G. , Wevers M. , Bergmans L. , Gunst V. , Huybrechts B. , Schepers E. , Hauben E. , Lambrechts P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimTo introduce a multimodular combination of techniques as a novel minimal invasive approach to investigate efficiently and accurately external cervical resorption (ECR).MethodologyOne case of a central incisor with extensive external cervical resorption was selected to demonstrate the potential of a comparative novel study methodology. ECR diagnosis was based on clinical inspection, digital radiography and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT). After extraction, the tooth was investigated using microfocus computed tomography (micro‐CT), nano‐CT and hard tissue histology. These techniques were compared for their accuracy and applicability to highlight their advantages and disadvantages.ResultsNano‐CT was more effective than micro‐CT and CBCT for detailed ex vivo exploration of ECR. The reparative tissue, pericanalar resorption resistant sheet (PRRS), pulp tissue reactions, resorption channels and their interconnection with the periodontal ligament space were accurately visualized by detailed processing and analysis of the nano‐CT data set with Dataviewer and CTAn software. Nano‐CT analysis provided better insight in the true extent of the resorption, based on quantitative measurements and 3D visualization of the tooth structure. Nano‐CT imaging results were similar to hard tissue histology at the mineralized tissue level. To clarify the dynamic phenomenon of reparative tissue formation and substitution of the resorbed tissues, nano‐CT needed to be associated with hard tissue histology.ConclusionNano‐CT is a fast and minimal invasive technique for the ex vivo analysis and understanding of ECR and is complementary with hard tissue histology. A combined approach of clinical and CBCT examination, with nano‐CT and histological mapping measurements, can provide an ideal platform for future ECR imaging and exploration studies.
The outcome of apical microsurgery using MTA as the root‐end filling material: 2‐ to 6‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Çalışkan M. K. , Tekin U. , Kaval M. E. , Solmaz M. C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of various predictors on the healing outcome 2–6 years after apical microsurgery (AMS) using MTA as the root‐end filling material.MethodologyA total of 90 anterior teeth with asymptomatic persistent periradicular periodontitis of strictly endodontic origin that failed after either nonsurgical or surgical treatment were included. Surgery was completed under local anaesthesia using a standardized clinical protocol. Clinical and radiographic measures as well as the follow‐up period were used to determine the healing outcome. For statistical analysis of the predictors, the outcome was dichotomized into healed cases and nonhealed cases. Odds ratios were calculated, and Pearson chi‐square or Fisher's exact tests were used to analyse the data.ResultsClinical and radiographic assessment of AMS revealed that 80% were healed, 14.4% were nonhealed, whilst 5.6% were judged to be uncertain. None of the various predictors investigated had a significant influence on the outcome of AMS.ConclusionsThe results of this clinical study demonstrated that 80% of cases that received apical microsurgery healed when using MTA as the root‐end filling material.
Theory and Practice? A Comparative Analysis of Migration and Development Policies in Eleven European Countries and the European Commission
Authors: Keijzer Niels , Héraud Julie , Frankenhaeuser Malin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article analyses international policy discussions on migration and development (M&D) and contrasts these with the actual M&D policies and practices of 11 European countries who were among the main proponents of this international discourse. Desk research of public documents and accompanying information sought from these 11 governments as well as in the European Commission (EC) provide the basis for a comparative analysis of their overall M&D policies and strategies, and institutional settings for formulating and implementing these. The comparison shows that M&D policy and practice remains in a tentative and experimental phase, and that countries experience difficulties reflecting their international positions in their own policies, as well as in learning from their own efforts and those of others. While stressing the developmental potential of migration in international discussions, most of the countries’ policies still reflect an understanding of migration as a problem and a preoccupation with short‐term domestic interests.
Alternative Indicators for the Risk of Non‐response Bias: A Simulation Study
Authors: Nishimura Raphael , Wagner James , Elliott Michael 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe growth of non‐response rates for social science surveys has led to increased concern about the risk of non‐response bias. Unfortunately, the non‐response rate is a poor indicator of when non‐response bias is likely to occur. We consider in this paper a set of alternative indicators. A large‐scale simulation study is used to explore how each of these indicators performs in a variety of circumstances. Although, as expected, none of the indicators fully depict the impact of non‐response in survey estimates, we discuss how they can be used when creating a plausible account of the risks for non‐response bias for a survey. We also describe an interesting characteristic of the fraction of missing information that may be helpful in diagnosing not‐missing‐at‐random mechanisms in certain situations.
Practice Leadership at the Front Line in Supporting People with Intellectual Disabilities and Challenging Behaviour: A Qualitative Study of Registered Managers of Community‐based, Staffed Group homes
Authors: Deveau Roy , McGill Peter 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundThe front‐line management role in services for people with intellectual disabilities remains rather under‐researched. The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of registered managers in services for adults with intellectual disability who exhibit challenging behaviour.MethodInterviews, primarily focussed upon staff practice, were conducted with 19 managers of staffed group homes in SE England. Transcripts were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis.ResultsFive groups of themes emerged: monitoring staff performance, supporting new ways of working, shaping staff performance, influence of external and employing agencies, and importance of participants' personal values and experiences.ConclusionThe themes identified contribute to a conceptual framework for thinking about front‐line management/practice leadership. The limitations, and potential implications, of the findings are discussed.
Patient‐derived olfactory mucosa for study of the non‐neuronal contribution to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathology
Authors: García‐Escudero Vega , Rosales María , Muñoz José Luis , Scola Esteban , Medina Javier , Khalique Hena , Garaulet Guillermo , Rodriguez Antonio , Lim Filip 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative motor neuron disease which currently has no cure. Research using rodent ALS models transgenic for mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) has implicated that glial–neuronal interactions play a major role in the destruction of motor neurons, but the generality of this mechanism is not clear as SOD1 mutations only account for less than 2% of all ALS cases. Recently, this hypothesis was backed up by observation of similar effects using astrocytes derived from post‐mortem spinal cord tissue of ALS patients which did not carry SOD1 mutations. However, such necropsy samples may not be easy to obtain and may not always yield viable cell cultures. Here, we have analysed olfactory mucosa (OM) cells, which can be easily isolated from living ALS patients. Disease‐specific changes observed when ALS OM cells were co‐cultured with human spinal cord neurons included decreased neuronal viability, aberrant neuronal morphology and altered glial inflammatory responses. Our results show the potential of OM cells as new cell models for ALS.
Selection of cell‐type specific antibodies on tissue‐sections using phage display
Authors: Larsen Simon Asbjørn , Meldgaard Theresa , Lykkemark Simon , Mandrup Ole Aalund , Kristensen Peter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWith the advent of modern technologies enabling single cell analysis, it has become clear that small sub‐populations of cells or even single cells can drive the phenotypic appearance of tissue, both diseased and normal. Nucleic acid based technologies allowing single cell analysis has been faster to mature, while technologies aimed at analysing the proteome at a single cell level is still lacking behind, especially technologies which allow single cell analysis in tissue. Introducing methods, that allows such analysis, will pave the way for discovering new biomarkers with more clinical relevance, as these may be unique for microenvironments only present in tissue and will avoid artifacts introduced by in vitro studies. Here, we introduce a technology enabling biomarker identification on small sub‐populations of cells within a tissue section. Phage antibody libraries are applied to the tissue sections, followed by washing to remove non‐bound phage particles. To eliminate phage antibodies binding to antigens ubiquitously expressed and retrieve phage antibodies binding specifically to antigens expressed by the sub‐population of cells, the area of interest is protected by a ‘shadow stick’. The phage antibodies on the remaining areas on the slide are exposed to UV light, which introduces cross‐links in the phage genome, thus rendering them non‐replicable. In this work we applied the technology, guided by CD31 expressing endothelial cells, to isolate recombinant antibodies specifically binding biomarkers expressed either by the cell or in the microenvironment surrounding the endothelial cell.
Intensified antineoplastic effect by combining an HDAC‐inhibitor, an mTOR‐inhibitor and low dosed interferon alpha in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Tsaur Igor , Hudak Lukasz , Makarević Jasmina , Juengel Eva , Mani Jens , Borgmann Hendrik , Gust Kilian M. , Schilling David , Bartsch Georg , Nelson Karen , Haferkamp Axel , Blaheta Roman A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA significant proportion of men diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) eventually develop metastatic disease, which progresses to castration resistance, despite initial response to androgen deprivation. As anticancer therapy has become increasingly effective, acquired drug resistance has emerged, limiting efficacy. Combination treatment, utilizing different drug classes, exemplifies a possible strategy to foil resistance development. The effects of the triple application of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid (VPA), the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus and low dosed interferon alpha (IFNα) on PCa cell growth and dissemination capacity were investigated. For that purpose, the human PCa cell lines, PC‐3, DU‐145 and LNCaP were treated with the combined regimen or separate single agents. Cell growth was investigated by the MTT dye reduction assay. Flow cytometry served to analyse cell cycle progression. Adhesion to vascular endothelium or immobilized collagen, fibronectin and laminin was quantified. Migration and invasion characteristics were determined by the modified Boyden chamber assay. Integrin α and β subtypes were investigated by flow cytometry, western blotting and RT‐PCR. Integrin related signalling, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFr), Akt, p70S6kinase and extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 activation were also assessed. The triple application of VPA, everolimus and low dosed IFNα blocked tumour cell growth and dissemination significantly better than any agent alone. Antitumour effects were associated with pronounced alteration in the cell cycle machinery, intracellular signalling and integrin expression profile. Combining VPA, everolimus and low dosed IFNα might be a promising option to counteract resistance development and improve outcome in PCa patients.
Sex differences in the effects of juvenile and adult diet on age‐dependent reproductive effort
Authors: Houslay T. M. , Hunt J. , Tinsley M. C. , Bussière L. F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSexual selection should cause sex differences in patterns of resource allocation. When current and future reproductive effort trade off, variation in resource acquisition might further cause sex differences in age‐dependent investment, or in sensitivity to changes in resource availability over time. However, the nature and prevalence of sex differences in age‐dependent investment remain unclear. We manipulated resource acquisition at juvenile and adult stages in decorated crickets, Gryllodes sigillatus, and assessed effects on sex‐specific allocation to age‐dependent reproductive effort (calling in males, fecundity in females) and longevity. We predicted that the resource and time demands of egg production would result in relatively consistent female strategies across treatments, whereas male investment should depend sharply on diet. Contrary to expectations, female age‐dependent reproductive effort diverged substantially across treatments, with resource‐limited females showing much lower and later investment in reproduction; the highest fecundity was associated with intermediate lifespans. In contrast, long‐lived males always signalled more than short‐lived males, and male age‐dependent reproductive effort did not depend on diet. We found consistently positive covariance between male reproductive effort and lifespan, whereas diet altered this covariance in females, revealing sex differences in the benefits of allocation to longevity. Our results support sex‐specific selection on allocation patterns, but also suggest a simpler alternative: males may use social feedback to make allocation decisions and preferentially store resources as energetic reserves in its absence. Increased calling effort with age therefore could be caused by gradual resource accumulation, heightened mortality risk over time, and a lack of feedback from available mates.
How Does Ambiguity Influence IPO Underpricing? The Role of the Signalling Environment
Authors: Park Haemin Dennis , Patel Pankaj C. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTWe explore the relationship between ambiguity, or low information clarity, in the IPO prospectus of newly public firms and their underpricing. Consistent with signalling theory, we find that IPO underpricing is low when the prospectus contains less ambiguous information that creates a more reliable signal conveying the quality of the IPO firm. However, the positive association between ambiguity and IPO underpricing is less pronounced when IPO firms display low strategic conformity with other firms in the industry, operate in industries with high valuation heterogeneity, or are medium‐sized. Using a sample of 398 IPOs between 1998 and 2007, our results support these predictions. This study shows the importance of the signalling environment influencing boundedly rational signal recipients interpreting ambiguous signals.
TATTOO OF VASCULAR CANNULATION SITE AS A SELF‐CANNULATION AID
Authors: Lagaac Regin , Meruz Rowena , Goh Mingzheng Aaron 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYBackgroundHaemodialysis can be provided either in a healthcare setting or home environment. Patients receiving dialysis at home report a better quality of life. Patients or their carers must be able to cannulate their fistula confidently and independently when dialysing at home.MethodWe describe a patient with a functional fistula which was difficult to palpate, leading to difficulties in cannulation and multiple referrals to the home therapies team.ProcedureA series of discrete dots were tattooed to delineate the borders of the fistula and served to guide cannulation.ResultsFollowing this simple intervention, our patient was able to self‐cannulate confidently, dialysing at home four times per week. There were no further referrals to the home therapies team.ConclusionPermanent tattoo of the skin to guide cannulation can used when a fistula is difficult to palpate or if a further superficialisation procedure is not desired. Patients have to be made aware that the markings are permanent and might outlast the fistula.
Effects of feeding fatty acid calcium and the interaction of forage quality on production performance and biochemical indexes in early lactation cow
Authors: Hu Z. Y. , Yin Z. Y. , Lin X. Y. , Yan Z. G. , Wang Z. H. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryMultiparous early lactation Holstein cows (n = 16) were used in a randomized complete block design to determine the effects of feeding fatty acid calcium and the interaction of forage quality on production performance and biochemical indexes in early lactation cow. Treatments were as follows: (i) feeding low‐quality forage without supplying fatty acid calcium (Diet A), (ii) feeding low‐quality forage with supplying 400 g fatty acid calcium (Diet B), (iii) feeding high‐quality forage without supplying fatty acid calcium (Diet C) and (iv) feeding high‐quality forage with supplying 400 g fatty acid calcium. This experiment consisted 30 days. The milk and blood samples were collected in the last day of the trail. Intakes were recorded in the last 2 days of the trail. Supplementation of fatty acid calcium decreased significantly dry matter intake (DMI) (p < 0.01). Addition fatty acid calcium decreased milk protein percentage (p < 0.01) and milk SNF percentage (p < 0.01), but increased MUN (p < 0.05). Supplemented fatty acid decreased concentration of blood BHBA (p < 0.05), but increased TG, NEFA, glucagon, GLP‐1, CCK, leptin, ApoA‐IV, serotonin and MSH concentration in blood, the CCK concentration and feed intake showed a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05).