bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La pluriactivité dans le port de Dieppe : Hôtes-vendeurs et guerre de course à la fin du Moyen Âge
Authors: Lardin Philippe 
Published: January 2014

La pêche aux harengs était une activité de base pour l’économie de Dieppe Elle ne durait que cinq à six semaines par an au Moyen Âge. Pendant le reste de l’année, les marins comme les marchands de ce poisson devaient rechercher ailleurs de quoi subvenir à leur existence. Parmi les professionnels concernés par cette question se trouvaient les hôtes. Ces derniers s’occupaient, pour le compte des pêcheurs, des formalités administratives nécessaires au déchargement de leurs prises. Au fil du temps, leur position d’intermédiaires les avaient conduits à étendre considérablement le spectre de leurs activités. Ils pouvaient participer à toutes sortes d’opérations économiques ou politiques. Certains étaient aussi marchands de poisson, de vin, de sel et de fer, d’autres encore aubergistes, armateurs, merciers, sauniers, etc. Souvent, ils avaient placé leur capital dans des rentes et jouaient un rôle important dans l’administration fiscale et municipale. Quant aux pêcheurs, leurs possibilités étaient plus étroites. Aussi, profitant du climat d’insécurité que faisait régner la guerre de Cent Ans, beaucoup firent de la guerre de course un complément de ressources appréciable.
Les groupes d’intérêts et la gestion des risques dans le commerce maritime et la pêche des anciens Pays-Bas, vers 1480-1560
Authors: Sicking Louis 
Published: January 2014

Le duché de Brabant et les comtés de Flandre, Hollande et Zélande étaient considérés comme le centre névralgique des Pays-Bas aux xve-xvie siècles : la majorité de la population y habitait, le degré d’urbanisation y était le plus élevé et la production industrielle et artistique y était concentrée. De véritables sociétés maritimes s’y étaient également développées. Les administrations régionales de ces provinces côtières et les administrations locales des villes littorales faisaient pression sur le gouvernement central afin que leurs intérêts soient défendus. Il s’agissait tout particulièrement du commerce maritime et de la pêche, deux activités qui étaient mises en danger par la guerre, la course et la piraterie. Ces menaces furent quasi permanentes pendant les guerres entre les Valois et les Habsbourg, seulement interrompues épisodiquement entre 1521 et 1559, et eurent de graves conséquences sur la pêche et le commerce maritime. Pour y obvier, des groupes d’intérêts ont souvent essayé d’influencer les autorités régionales et centrales afin de les sensibiliser à la défense de leurs intérêts. L’article propose une analyse comparative de leurs initiatives afin de mettre en évidence leurs stratégies de résorption des risques.
Analysis Of Electronic Medication Orders With Large Overdoses
Authors: Kouril M. , Minich T. , Spooner SA. , Kirkendall E.S. 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Background: Users of electronic health record (EHR) systems frequently prescribe doses outside recommended dose ranges, and tend to ignore the alerts that result. Since some of these dosing errors are the result of system design flaws, analysis of large overdoses can lead to the discovery of needed system changes.
Objectives: To develop database techniques for detecting and extracting large overdose orders from our EHR. To identify and characterize users’ responses to these large overdoses. To identify possible causes of large-overdose errors and to mitigate them.
Methods: We constructed a data mart of medication-order and dosing-alert data from a quaternary pediatric hospital from June 2011 to May 2013. The data mart was used along with a test version of the EHR to explain how orders were processed and alerts were generated for large (>500%) and extreme (>10,000%) overdoses. User response was characterized by the dosing alert salience rate, which expresses the proportion of time users take corrective action.
Results: We constructed an advanced analytic framework based on workflow analysis and order simulation, and evaluated all 5,402,504 medication orders placed within the 2 year timeframe as well as 2,232,492 dose alerts associated with some of the orders. 8% of orders generated a visible alert, with ¼ of these related to overdosing. Alerts presented to trainees had higher salience rates than those presented to senior colleagues. Salience rates were low, varying between 4–10%, and were lower with larger overdoses. Extreme overdoses fell into eight causal categories, each with a system design mitigation.
Conclusions: Novel analytic systems are required to accurately understand prescriber behavior and interactions with medication-dosing CDS. We described a novel analytic system that can detect apparent large overdoses ( of these large overdoses can be mitigated by system changes. EHR design should prospectively mitigate these errors.
Citation: Kirkendall ES, Kouril M, Minich T, Spooner SA. Analysis of electronic medication orders with large overdoses: Opportunities for mitigating dosing errors. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 25–45 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-08-RA-0057
Evaluation of Nonsurgical Treatment Effects on Salivary Melatonin Level in Periodontal Disease: A Radioimmunoassay Study
Authors: Hagh Leila Golpasand , Youseimanesh Hojatollah , Mohammadi Fatemmeh , Ahangarpour Akram 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory infection in which tissue destruction is associated with an imbalance between oxidant-antioxidant systems. Melatonin is an antioxidant biomarker that has an antioxidant action. Nonsurgical treatment is one periodontal treatment method that affects etiologic factors. This study investigated salivary melatonin concentration and its changes following nonsurgical treatment in periodontal disease.Materials and methodsThis study is a case control one where the study groups included 45 patients with periodontal disease and 15 healthy subjects selected as controls. Unstimulated saliva was collected before and after scaling and root planing. Sample was evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. In order to analyze the data t-test, ANOVA was used. The p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsMelatonin was detected in study group before nonsurgical treatment. Salivary melatonin levels in the severe periodontitis group were significantly lower than the other groups (p < 0.05). The melatonin changes were statistically significant between the groups of patients after intervention. The significant correlation between salivary melatonin with the clinical parameter was observed (p < 0.05).ConclusionNonsurgical treatments improve clinical parameters. Salivary melatonin level has correlation with changes in clinical parameters. The melatonin production after nonsurgical treatment had correlation with severity of disease.How to cite this articleHagh LG, Yousefimanesh H, Mohammadi F, Ahangarpour A. Evaluation of Nonsurgical Treatment Effects on Salivary Melatonin Level in Periodontal Disease: A Radioimmunoassay Study. World J Dent 2013;4(4):217-223.
External Root Resorption of Young Premolar Teeth in Dentition with Crowding
Authors: Arambawatta Kapila , Peiris Roshan , Ihalagedara Dhammika , Abeysundara Anushka , Nanayakkara Deepthi 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of external cervical resorption (ECR) in different tooth surfaces of maxillary first premolars in a Sri Lankan population.
A sample of 59 (15 males, 44 females) permanent maxillary first premolars (age range: 11-18 years) were used. The teeth had been extracted for orthodontic reasons and were stored in 10% formalin. Morphologically, sound teeth were selected for the study. The teeth were stained with carbol fuchsin. The cervical regions of the stained teeth were observed under 10× magnifications using a dissecting microscope (Olympus SZ) to identify any resorption areas. The resorption areas present on buccal, lingual, mesial and distal aspects of all teeth were recorded.
Fifteen (25.4%) [4 males (26.7%), 11 females (25.0%)] permanent maxillary first premolars showed areas of resorption on buccal, lingual, mesial or distal surfaces. Mesial (33.3%) and distal (33.3%) surfaces exhibited areas of resorption more frequently than buccal (20.0%) and lingual (13.3%) aspects. The difference was not statistically significant.
It can be speculated that the ECR of root surfaces of these young premolar teeth could have been triggered by the excess pressure exerted on their proximal surfaces by the crowding of teeth.

How to cite this article
Arambawatta K, Peiris R, Ihalagedara D, Abeysundara A, Nanayakkara D. External Root Resorption of Young Premolar Teeth in Dentition with Crowding. World J Dent 2013;4(4):224-227.
A Quiescent Colossal Radicular Cyst: A Diverse Histological Presentation
Authors: Reshma V , Bavle Radhika M , Varsha BK , Kavya BM 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Radicular cysts are the most frequent inflammatory cysts comprising of about 52 to 68% of all the jaw cysts. It arises from the epithelial residues in the periodontal ligament space following pulpal necrosis. The distinguished lining of the cystic lumen is hyperplastic stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium showing arcading pattern with dense infammatory cell infiltrate, cholesterol clefts, Russell bodies and Ruston bodies in the connective tissue capsule. Here, we present an unusual large radicular cyst lined almost entirely by quiescent atrophic epithelium, which is innocuous, persistent, has enlarged overtime, with minimal infammatory cells in the connective tissue capsule.

How to cite this article
Reshma V, Bavle RM, Varsha BK, Kavya BM. A Quiescent Colossal Radicular Cyst: A Diver Histological Presentation. World J Dent 2013;4(4):286-290.
Pilot Study on Predictive Value of Plasmatic Levels of 9 Angiogenetic Biomarkers in Selection of Patients Candidate to Prostate Biopsy
Authors: Serretta Vincenzo , Scurria Salvatore , Dispensa Nino , Chiapparrone Gaetano , Provenzano Sandro , Caruso Stefano , Bronte Giuseppe , Cicero Giuseppe , Russo Antonio 
Published: January 2014

To reduce the number of negative prostate biopsies in patients with elevated PSA serum levels represents a major challenge in urological oncology. Angiogenetic factors might be involved in initial stages of prostate cancer and might represent useful tools in patients’ selection for prostate biopsy. The plasmatic levels of Angiopoietin-2, Follistatin, G-CSF, HGF, IL-8, Leptin, PDGF-BB, PECAM-1 and VEGF were measured by BioPlex immunoassay in patients undergoing prostate biopsy for palpable prostate nodule and/or elevated PSA levels (≥4 ng/mL). They were related with biopsy results. ROC curve analysis was exploited to test the diagnostic accuracy of each biomarker by AUC calculation. A potential cut-off level was computed. Fifty patients were entered. Median PSA was 6.8 ng/mL. A prostate nodule was palpable in 18 (36%) patients. The median number of biopsy cores was 12. Prostate cancer was detected in 25 (50%) and ASAP and PIN in 2 more patients (4%) respectively. Among the 9 considered biomarkers, only leptin showed an interesting diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.781, at a cut-off value of 2.11 ng/mL, demonstrating a sensitivity of 78%, a specificity of 77% and a positive predictive value of 85%. Main limitations of our study are the exploratory design and the criteria adopted for patients’ selection determining a detection rate for prostate cancer above the usual range. Leptin only, in our preliminary study, shows promising diagnostic accuracy for the selection of patients candidate to prostate biopsy. Further studies are required to confirm its diagnostic value and its relation with BMI.
Spin‐modulated spacecraft floating potential: Observations and effects on electron moments
Authors: Pulupa M. P. , Bale S. D. , Salem C. , Horaites K. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUsing the Three‐Dimensional Plasma electron analyzers on the Wind spacecraft, we have analyzed several years of solar wind electron data. We find an anomalous core electron drift of roughly 40 km/s in the sunward xGSEdirection, regardless of the direction of the magnetic field. We interpret this drift as an effect of a spin modulation in the spacecraft floating potential, which can be effectively modeled with the addition of a dipole term to the potential. For typical solar wind conditions, the amplitude of potential modulation is a fraction of a volt. The modulation has negligible effects on the even electron moments (density and temperature) but noticeable effects on the odd moments (bulk velocity and heat flux).
Urban signatures in the spatial clustering of summer heavy rainfall events over the Beijing metropolitan region
Authors: Yang Long , Tian Fuqiang , Smith James A. , Hu Heping 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe climatology of summer heavy rainfall events over the Beijing metropolitan region during 2008–2012 is investigated with the aid of an observational network of rain gauges and the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Two “hot spots” of higher frequency of summer heavy rainfall events are observed. One is located over the urban core region and the other resides in the climatological downwind region. Two comparative sets of model runs are designed to assess the effect of land surface properties with and without the presence of the city on the model simulation results. By comparing the two sets of model runs, the changes of rainfall statistics, behaviors of storm cells, and variables related to convection due to urbanization are analyzed and quantified. The intensity of heavy rainfall is increased over the urban and downwind region, corresponding to the locations of the two observed hot spots based on rain gauges. The changes of rainfall statistics suggest that the probability distribution of rainfall is shifted toward a heavier upper tail distribution. The Lagrangian properties of storm cells are examined using a newly developed Storm‐Cell Identification procedure. High‐echo storm cells tend to split approaching the city and merge in the downwind region. The level of free convection and the height of the planetary boundary layer are significantly increased over the urban region and maximum convective available potential energy is decreased. Increased sensible heat flux from the urban surfaces plays a dominant role in the modification of simulated rainfall from a climatological perspective.
Mismatches Improve the Performance of Strand‐Displacement Nucleic Acid Circuits
Authors: Jiang Yu Sherry , Bhadra Sanchita , Li Bingling , Ellington Andrew D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCatalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) has previously proven useful as a transduction and amplification method for nucleic acid detection. However, the two hairpin substrates in a CHA circuit can potentially react non‐specifically even in the absence of a single‐stranded catalyst, and this non‐specific background degrades the signal‐to‐noise ratio. The introduction of mismatched base pairs that impede uncatalyzed strand exchange reactions led to a significant decrease of the background signal, while only partially damping the signal in the presence of a catalyst. Various types and lengths of mismatches were assayed by fluorimetry, and in many instances, our MismatCHA designs yielded 100‐fold increased signal‐to‐background ratios compared to a ratio of 4:1 with the perfectly matched substrates. These observations could be of general utility for the design of non‐enzymatic nucleic acid circuits.
A Permanent Mesoporous Organic Cage with an Exceptionally High Surface Area
Authors: Zhang Gang , Presly Oliver , White Fraser , Oppel Iris M. , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecently, porous organic cage crystals have become a real alternative to extended framework materials with high specific surface areas in the desolvated state. Although major progress in this area has been made, the resulting porous compounds are restricted to the microporous regime, owing to the relatively small molecular sizes of the cages, or the collapse of larger structures upon desolvation. Herein, we present the synthesis of a shape‐persistent cage compound by the reversible formation of 24 boronic ester units of 12 triptycene tetraol molecules and 8 triboronic acid molecules. The cage compound bears a cavity of a minimum inner diameter of 2.6 nm and a maximum inner diameter of 3.1 nm, as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The porous molecular crystals could be activated for gas sorption by removing enclathrated solvent molecules, resulting in a mesoporous material with a very high specific surface area of 3758 m2 g−1 and a pore diameter of 2.3 nm, as measured by nitrogen gas sorption.
Highly Intensified Upconversion Luminescence of Ca2+‐doped Yb/Er:NaGdF4 Nanocrystals Prepared by a Solvothermal Route
Authors: Lei Lei , Chen Daqin , Xu Ju , Zhang Rui , Wang Yuansheng 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUpon introducing Ca2+ dopants into the grain lattices by substituting Gd3+ ions, irregular Yb/Er:NaGdF4 nanocrystals prepared through a simple solvothermal route convert into highly uniform nanorods. Meanwhile, their upconversion luminescence intensifies by about 200 times, probably due to a modification of the crystal structure of NaGdF4 and an improvement in the crystallinity of the nanophase.
Desymmetrization of 1,4‐Pentadien‐3‐ol by the Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Imines
Authors: Yoshida Mari , Sassa Naotaro , Kato Tomomitsu , Fujinami Shuhei , Soeta Takahiro , Inomata Katsuhiko , Ukaji Yutaka 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDesymmetrization of the divinyl carbinol 1,4‐pentadien‐3‐ol was accomplished by the asymmetric 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine imines based on a magnesium‐mediated, multinucleating chiral reaction system utilizing diisopropyl (R,R)‐tartrate as the chiral auxiliary. The corresponding optically active trans‐pyrazolidines, each with three contiguous stereogenic centers, were obtained with excellent regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity, with results as high as 99 % ee. This reaction was shown to be applicable to both aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted azomethine imines. The use of a catalytic amount of diisopropyl (R,R)‐tartrate was also effective when accompanied by the addition of MgBr2.
Novel Catalyst System for Hydrostannation of Alkynes
Authors: Gupta Sreya , Do Youngshil , Lee Jin Hee , Lee Miryeong , Han Junghoon , Rhee Young Ho , Park Jaiwook 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA catalyst system was developed for the highly regio‐ and stereoselective hydrostannation of a range of alkynes with tributylstannane under mild conditions. The active catalytic species was generated from a stable diruthenium complex by illuminating household fluorescent light (30 W) at room temperature.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Azomethine Imines with Electron‐Deficient Alkenes: A Facile Access to Dinitrogen‐Fused Heterocycles
Authors: Li Zhen , Yu Hao , Liu Honglei , Zhang Lei , Jiang Hui , Wang Bo , Guo Hongchao 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn efficient method for the phosphine‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of azomethine imines with diphenylsulfonyl alkenes to give dinitrogen‐fused bi‐ or tricyclic heterocyclic compounds in high yields has been described. Moreover, two phenylsulfonyl groups installed on the heterocyclic products could be conveniently removed or transformed to other functional groups, making the reaction more useful.
ZnII‐ and AuI‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrative Oxidations of 3‐En‐1‐ynes with Selectfluor: Realization of 1,4‐Dioxo and 1,4‐Oxohydroxy Functionalizations
Authors: Jadhav Appaso Mahadev , Gawade Sagar Ashok , Vasu Dhananjayan , Dateer Ramesh B. , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCatalytic 1,4‐dioxo functionalizations of 3‐en‐1‐ynes to (Z)‐ and (E)‐2‐en‐1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds are described. This regioselective difunctionalization was achieved in one‐pot operation through initial alkyne hydration followed by in situ Selectfluor oxidation. The presence of pyridine alters the reaction chemoselectivity to give 4‐hydroxy‐2‐en‐1‐carbonyl products instead. A cooperative action of pyridine and ZnII assists the hydrolysis of key oxonium intermediate.
The Geometric Structure of Silver‐Doped Silicon Clusters
Authors: Li Yejun , Lyon Jonathan T. , Woodham Alex P. , Fielicke André , Janssens Ewald 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCationic silver‐doped silicon clusters, SinAg+ (n=6–15), are studied using infrared multiple photon dissociation in combination with density functional theory computations. Candidate structures are identified using a basin‐hopping global optimizations method. Based on the comparison of experimental and calculated IR spectra for the identified low‐energy isomers, structures are assigned. It is found that all investigated clusters have exohedral structures, that is, the Ag atom is located at the surface. This is a surprising result because many transition‐metal dopant atoms have been shown to induce the formation of endohedral silicon clusters. The silicon framework of SinAg+ (n=7–9) has a pentagonal bipyramidal building block, whereas the larger SinAg+ (n=10–12, 14, 15) clusters have trigonal prism‐based structures. On comparing the structures of SinAg+ with those of SinCu+ (for n=6–11) it is found that both Cu and Ag adsorb on a surface site of bare Sin+ clusters. However, the Ag dopant atom takes a lower coordinated site and is more weakly bound to the Sin+ framework than the Cu dopant atom.
Attachment Representation in Institutionalized Children: A Preliminary Study Using the Child Attachment Interview
Authors: Zaccagnino Maria , Cussino Martina , Preziosa Alessandra , Veglia Fabio , Carassa Antonella 
Published: January 2014

The experience of being removed from one's home and the transition to a residential care system pose enormous challenges for a child. Substantial evidence has been found regarding severe developmental effects due to early exposition to extreme psychosocial and affective deprivation. The research on Bowlby's theoretical proposals has highlighted the link between insecure, disorganized and atypical attachment patterns and children both living in foster care facilities and adopted out of those institutions. The goal of this pilot study is to investigate the attachment representation in an Italian sample of children in middle childhood (9–13 years old) who have been removed from their homes.MethodTwo compared groups of children participated in this study. The first group was composed of 24 Italian children who had been removed from their homes. The second group, considered as the control group, was composed of 35 Italian children who had never been in foster care placement. The quality of children's attachment to their primary caregivers was assessed by the Child Attachment Interview, an innovative semi‐structured interview that seeks to bridge the measurement gap identified in middle childhoodResultsThe children in foster care placement show a higher percentage of insecure and disorganized attachment representations and lower scores on the Child Reflective Functioning Scale.ConclusionsThe clinical implications and enhancements to effective intervention for foster children's caretaking are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Attachment theory.
Clinical implications of Attachment experiences.
Assessment tools of Attachment in middle childhood.