bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resuscitation attempts in a foal with sudden cardiac arrest in the early recovery period
Authors: Hopster K. , Tüensmeyer J. , Kästner S. B. R. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryA 3‐month‐old female Warmblood foal, weighing 150 kg, was presented to the Equine Clinic of the University of Hannover with a fracture of the ulna (type 5 fracture of the olecranon). Anaesthesia was induced with midazolam and ketamine after sedation with xylazine and maintained with isoflurane. Anaesthesia was uneventful until cardiac arrest occurred in the early recovery period. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed with chest compressions and electrical defibrillation. During resuscitation palpebral reflexes and spontaneous breathing returned but ventricular fibrillation could not be converted to sinus rhythm by transthoracic defibrillation of the heart by electrical shock.
Beyond Self‐Evident: Recognising the Problematic Political Context of Accrual Accounting Adoption in South Korea
Authors: Ahn Paul D. , Jacobs Kerry , Lim Dong‐Wan , Moon Kwangmin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper responds to a recent call by researchers that we need to move beyond both advocacy of and technical arguments about the value of accrual accounting to more fully recognise the institutional forces, key change agents and the local political fields. We draw on elements of institutional theory and the practice theory of Pierre Bourdieu to explore the ‘problematic’ aspects of institutional forces, key organisational change agents and the local political field associated with the adoption of accrual accounting in the South Korean public sector. We found that accrual accounting was driven by many factors including a local financial scandal, the advocacy of a civil society group and the ambitions and the ideology of key actors. The contribution of this paper is that it shows how the practices of accounting cannot be separated from their political and personal context.
An Institutional Theory Perspective on Corruption: The Case of a Developing Democracy
Authors: Pillay Soma , Kluvers Ron 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to use quantitative data to describe corruption in the SANPS, and use Luo's () institutional theory to gain insights into how corruption develops and remains entrenched despite the introduction of anti‐corruption legislation. A total of 1,500 questionnaires were distributed to public servants in nine provinces, but predominantly in Kwa Zulu Natal and Gauteng. There were 702 returned giving a response rate of 47%. We conclude that the findings discussed in this paper lend support for Luo's theoretical model being able to provide insight into the development of corruption, its consequences and possible remedies.
The hydrogeochemistry of subsurface brines in and west of the Jordan–Dead Sea Transform fault
Authors: Möller P. , Rosenthal E. , Flexer A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study is based on 113 analyses of brines with Cl > 0.57 mol l−1 (modern seawater), which were collected and analysed mostly during several decades of exploration for gas and oil in Israel. Based on critical evaluation of correlations of elements and ionic ratios and on spider patterns, six different brine events or source brines were identified in the Phanerozoic: the Triassic, Lower Cretaceous and the Mio/Pliocene brine families which were identified in boreholes Sdom‐1, Sdom Deep‐1 and Ha'on, and the Holocene Dead Sea brines. The Triassic brines are nowadays also encountered in under‐ and overlying rock units such as the Paleozoic Negev‐Yam Suf and the Jurassic Arad Groups, respectively. The southern Jordan–Dead Sea Transform (also known as the Rift) hosts the Mio‐Pliocene Sdom Deep and Sdom brine families. Brine bodies not sufficiently isolated by impervious sedimentary layers were flushed out during the Pliocene when the southern Valley drained north‐ and westwards through the Yizre'el Valley to the Mediterranean Sea. In the northern Rift Miocene to Pliocene seawater evaporated and infiltrated into the Rift sediments and into adjacent rocks. Further diluted by freshwater, it emerges as the Ha'on brine. Together with its derivatives, they form the Ha'on family. The derivatives of the Holocene Dead Sea brine family occur along the shoreline of the recent Dead Sea. Apart of all these evaporation brines, brines deriving from dissolution of evaporites locally occur in the area. The time‐bound chemical composition of paleoseawater is considered when discussing the ionic ratios of brines generated during different geological periods. Spider patterns of each brine family are compared and, where necessary, the relationship of brines to distinct families of brines is supported by inverse modelling.
Multidepth Pumping Tests in Deep Aquifers
Authors: Alam N. , Olsthoorn T.N. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMultidepth pumping tests (MDPTs), in which different sections of a screen are pumped in sequence, are not being used by hydrogeologists, despite the capability of such tests to resolve uncertainties in the estimation of aquifer characteristics. MDPTs can be used to discern the effects of partial penetration and vertical anisotropy. This article demonstrates the use of MDPTs for a deep and vertically anisotropic aquifer, based on a real and unique series of pumping tests conducted in the Indus Basin. Traditional single‐layer methods, which incorporate partial penetration and vertical scaling, were employed to evaluate these tests. However, the drawdowns of the 19 piezometers at different depths for which times series data were available could not be matched, presumably because of the layered structure of the aquifer. Numerical (MODFLOW) and multilayer analytical (Hemker and Maas 1987; Hemker 1999) approaches were used to assess the benefits of using MDPTs in the analysis of deep layered and anisotropic aquifers. The multilayer analytical solution results are consistent with the measured and numerically computed drawdowns. The original step‐drawdown data were used to verify the model independently. The results of statistical analyses indicate that the parameters for a three‐layer system are uniquely estimated. A sensitivity analysis showed that aquifer depths greater than 900 m do not affect the drawdown. The multilayer analytical solution was implemented in MATLAB and can be found in the online version of this article. This multilayer analytical approach was implemented in MLU by Hemker and Randall (2013) for up to 40 layers. The results of this study will be useful in groundwater management, exploration, and optimal well depth estimation for the Indus Basin aquifer and other vertically heterogeneous aquifers.
Viruses as Groundwater Tracers: Using Ecohydrology to Characterize Short Travel Times in Aquifers
Authors: Hunt Randall J. , Borchardt Mark A. , Bradbury Kenneth R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractViruses are attractive tracers of short (<3 year) travel times in aquifers because they have unique genetic signatures, are detectable in trace quantities, and are mobile in groundwater. Virus “snaphots” result from infection and disappearance in a population over time; therefore, the virus snapshot shed in the fecal wastes of an infected population at a specific point in time can serve as a marker for tracking virus and groundwater movement. The virus tracing approach and an example application are described to illustrate their ability to characterize travel times in high‐groundwater velocity settings, and provide insight unavailable from standard hydrogeologic approaches. Although characterization of preferential flowpaths does not usually characterize the majority of other travel times occurring in the groundwater system (e.g., center of plume mass; tail of the breakthrough curve), virus approaches can trace very short times of transport, and thus can fill an important gap in our current hydrogeology toolbox.
Nine Steps to Risk‐Informed Wellhead Protection and Management: A Case Study
Authors: Enzenhoefer R. , Bunk T. , Nowak W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWellhead‐protection zones are commonly delineated on the basis of advective travel‐time analysis without considering any aspects of model uncertainty. In the past decade, research efforts have produced quantifiable risk‐based safety margins for protection zones. These margins are based on well‐vulnerability criteria (e.g., travel times, exposure times, peak concentrations) and take model and parameter uncertainty into account. There are three main reasons why practitioners still refrain from applying these new techniques. (1) They fear the additional areal demand of probabilistic safety margins; (2) probabilistic approaches are allegedly complex, not readily available and require huge computing resources, and (3) uncertainty bounds are fuzzy, whereas final decisions are binary. The primary goal of this paper is to show that these reservations are unjustified. We present a straightforward, computationally affordable framework that offers risk‐informed decision support for robust and transparent wellhead delineation under uncertainty. We show that reliability levels can be increased by exchanging delineated low‐risk areas for previously nondelineated high‐risk areas. We also show that further improvements may often be available with only little additional delineated area. As proof of our concept, we illustrate our key points with the example of a pumped karstic well catchment, located in Germany.
Margin status of the vas deferens in radical prostatectomy specimens: relevant or waste of time?
Authors: Saar Matthias , Kamradt Jörn , Sauer Christian , Stöckle Michael , Grobholz Rainer 
Published: January 2014

AimsPositive surgical margins (PSM) after radical prostatectomy are of great interest, but investigation of the vas deferens (VD) is not recommended. This study examined the VD margins in radical prostatectomy patients to report the incidence of PSM and their clinical staging.Methods and resultsA total of 2701 consecutive specimens (1995–2009) were reviewed for tumour infiltration of the VD margin and correlated with clinicopathological data. Forty‐one of 2701 cases (1.5%) had a positive VD margin. Thirteen cases had bilateral infiltration. All tumours were locally advanced [pT3a (n = 1), pT3b (n = 34), pT4 (n = 6)]; 15 (37%) had lymph node metastases. While Gleason scores ranged from 7 to 9, mean PSA was 22.3 ng/ml (1.68–127 ng/ml). In all cases with seminal vesicle infiltration (40 of 41) the PSM of the VD was seen ipsilaterally. In 11 of 15 patients (73%) with pN1 status, seminal vesicle infiltration and PSM of the VD were seen on the same side. In 16 cases (39%) the VD was the only PSM.ConclusionsA PSM of the VD is an infrequent finding, but might appear as the only PSM. Histological evaluation of the VD therefore seems reasonable, especially as biochemical recurrence has been reported with positive VD margins, and awareness of them might assist in making clinical decisions for adjuvant therapy.
Impact of maternal hepatitis B virus coinfection on mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV
Authors: Mave V , Kadam D , Kinikar A , Gupte N , Bhattacharya D , Bharadwaj R , McIntire K , Kulkarni V , Balasubramanian U , Suryavanshi N , Thio C , Deshpande P , Sastry J , Bollinger R , Gupta A , Bhosale R ,   SWEN India and Byramjee‐Jeejeebhoy Medical College Clinical Trials Unit Study team
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesDespite high hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity in various resource‐limited settings (RLSs), the impact of maternal HIV/HBV coinfection on infant health outcomes has not been defined. We aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV coinfection among HIV‐infected pregnant women and its impact on HIV transmission and infant mortality.MethodsIn this study, the seroprevalence of HBV coinfection was determined among HIV‐infected pregnant women enrolled in the Six‐Week Extended‐Dose Nevirapine (SWEN) India trial. The impact of maternal HIV/HBV coinfection on mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and infant mortality was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsAmong 689 HIV‐infected pregnant Indian women, 32 (4.6%) had HBV coinfection [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.4%, 5.3%]. HBV DNA was detectable in 18 (64%) of 28 HIV/HBV‐coinfected women; the median HBV viral load was 155 copies/mL [interquartile range (IQR) < 51–6741 copies/mL]. Maternal HIV/HBV coinfection did not increase HIV transmission risk [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.06; 95% CI 0.30, 3.66; P = 0.93]. Increased odds of all‐cause infant mortality was noted (aOR 3.12; 95% CI 0.67, 14.57; P = 0.15), but was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe prevalence of active maternal HBV coinfection in HIV‐infected pregnant women in India was 4.6%. HIV/HBV coinfection was not independently associated with HIV transmission.
Do South Australian pharmacy interns have the educational and behavioural precursors to meet the objectives of Australia's health care reform agenda?
Authors: Mak Vivienne S L , March Geoff , Clark Alice , Gilbert Andrew L 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Objective
To explore South Australian (SA) pharmacy interns' values, beliefs and motivations to study pharmacy and their assessment of how well their pharmacy education has prepared them for activities required of all health professionals under Australia's health care reforms.

Methods
A postal questionnaire was sent to all 136 SA pharmacy interns enrolled in SA intern training programmes in February 2010 (second month of the intern training programme).

Key findings
Sixty (44%) of SA pharmacy interns responded; 75% selected pharmacy as a career because of an interest in health-related sciences and 65% valued working with patients. Respondents believed their pharmacy education prepared them for patient care (80%), providing medicine information (72%) and primary health care delivery (68%), but 51% indicated that they were not prepared for multidisciplinary team care.

Conclusions
The positive values, beliefs and motivations expressed by respondents are significant behavioural precursors to meet the requirements of health professionals in Australia's health care reforms. Respondents indicated that their pharmacy education provided appropriate training in a number of relevant professional areas.
Ineffably Effable: The Pinnacle of Mystical Ascent in Gregory of Nyssa's De vita Moysis
Authors: Eubank Nathan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn his commentary on the Song of Songs, Gregory of Nyssa describes a three‐step progression of the soul to God, an ascent which ends in the darkness of God's ineffability. Though some of Gregory's most prominent interpreters understand Moses' ascent into the darkness to be the definitive encounter with God in De vita Moysis as well, it is here argued that in De vita Moysis Gregory of Nyssa makes the culminating moment, not the apophatic experience of the darkness, but the encounter with the celestial tabernacle, Christ. Gregory thereby suggests that the mystical ascent to God ends in the encounter of God as both unknowable and known, transcendent but also incarnate.
Tryptase is a candidate autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Guo Yanyan , Wu Qiao , Ni Bing , Mou Zhirong , Jiang Qiong , Cao Yi , Dong Hui , Wu Yuzhang 
Published: January 2014

SummaryAutoimmune processes have been implicated in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, specific autoantigens that play a role in the aetiology of RA have been lacking. In this study, we found that sera from RA patients were particularly immunoreactive against the protein tryptase. Compared with osteoarthritis (OA) patients and healthy controls, RA patients had relatively higher levels of tryptase and concomitant anti‐tryptase antibodies in their synovial tissues and sera. Similarly, synovial fluid from RA patients, but not from OA patients, contained antibodies that recognized tryptase in vitro. In addition, serum tryptase levels in both early and late RA patients significantly correlated with clinical indices usually used to diagnose RA, such as rheumatoid factor, Disease Activity Score using 28 joint counts and autoantibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide. Our results identify tryptase as a candidate autoantigen involved in the pathogenesis of RA and monitoring its levels may have diagnostic and prognostic value.
Mutations in the substrate binding site of human heat‐shock protein 70 indicate specific interaction with HLA‐DR outside the peptide binding groove
Authors: Rohrer Karin M. , Haug Markus , Schwörer Daniela , Kalbacher Hubert , Holzer Ursula 
Published: January 2014

SummaryHeat‐shock protein 70 (Hsp70)–peptide complexes are involved in MHC class I‐ and II‐restricted antigen presentation, enabling enhanced activation of T cells. As shown previously, mammalian cytosolic Hsp70 (Hsc70) molecules interact specifically with HLA‐DR molecules. This interaction might be of significance as Hsp70 molecules could transfer bound antigenic peptides in a ternary complex into the binding groove of HLA‐DR molecules. The present study provides new insights into the distinct interaction of Hsp70 with HLA‐DR molecules. Using a quantitative binding assay, it could be demonstrated that a point mutation of amino acids alanine 406 and valine 438 in the substrate binding pocket led to reduced peptide binding compared with the wild‐type Hsp70 whereas HLA‐DR binding remains unaffected. The removal of the C‐terminal lid neither altered the substrate binding capacity nor the Hsp70 binding characteristics to HLA‐DR. A truncated variant lacking the nucleotide binding domain showed no binding interactions with HLA‐DR. Furthermore, the truncated ATPase subunit of constitutively expressed Hsc70 revealed similar binding affinities to HLA‐DR compared with the complete Hsc70. Hence, it can be assumed that the Hsp70–HLA‐DR interaction takes place outside the peptide binding groove and is attributed to the ATPase domain of HSP70 molecules. The Hsp70‐chaperoned peptides might thereby be directly transferred into the binding groove of HLA‐DR, so enabling enhanced presentation of the peptide on antigen‐presenting cells and leading to an improved proliferation of responding T cells as shown previously.
A Comparison of Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Extrusion in French Bulldogs and Dachshunds and Association With Congenital Vertebral Anomalies
Authors: Aikawa Takeshi , Shibata Mitsuhiro , Asano Moe , Hara Yasushi , Tagawa Masahiro , Orima Hiromitsu 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo compare data for French Bulldogs and Dachshunds that had hemilaminectomy for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (T‐L IVDE) by 1 surgeon and to evaluate the association between IVDE and congenital vertebral anomalies.DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsFrench Bulldogs (n = 47) and 671 Dachshunds.MethodsAge, gender, vertebral anomaly, kyphosis/kyphoscoliosis, IVDE site, non‐recovery and progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia development from grade 5 (paraplegia without deep nociception) were compared between the 2 breeds.ResultsFrench Bulldogs were significantly younger (P = .00001), more likely to be male (P = .023), and more likely to have a congenital vertebral anomaly and kyphosis/kyphoscoliosis (P < .00001) than Dachshunds. The frequencies of French Bulldogs with IVDE within typical sites (T11‐L3) were significantly lower (P = .0005) and within caudal sites (L3‐L7) significantly higher (P = .0001) compared with Dachshunds. None of the French Bulldogs had IVDE within the kyphotic/kyphoscoliotic segment. The frequency of lumbar IVDE (L1‐L5) in French Bulldogs with kyphosis/kyphoscoliosis was significantly higher (P = .003) compared with French Bulldogs without kyphosis/kyphoscoliosis. In grade 5 dogs, the risk of developing progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia in French Bulldogs was significantly higher (P = .03) than in Dachshunds.ConclusionThe distribution of IVDE site in French Bulldogs within the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine was different from Dachshunds. IVDE sites were not located at the sites of vertebral anomaly. French Bulldogs appeared to have T‐L IVDE at younger ages, with higher male predisposition and higher risk of developing progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia from grade 5 compared with Dachshunds.
Long Term Outcome After Laser Assisted Modified Forssell's in Cribbing Horses
Authors: Baia Petrisor , Burba Daniel J. , Riggs Laura M. , Beaufrere Hugues 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo (1) report long‐term outcome after laser assisted modified Forssell's procedure; (2) describe the prevalence of postoperative complications; and (3) identify risk factors associated with outcome.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsHorses (n = 119).MethodsMedical records (1994–2012) of horses that had laser assisted modified Forssell's procedure were reviewed. Signalment, preoperative duration of cribbing, postoperative complications and outcome were recorded.ResultsFollow‐up was available for 90 horses; 76 had stopped cribbing for >1 year. Of 14 horses that resumed cribbing, median relapse time was 6 months. Preoperative cribbing duration was significantly associated with an increased probability of unsuccessful outcome when horses cribbed for >3 years before surgery (odds ratio of positive outcome: OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.95). Overall, 22.2% horses had postoperative complications (hematoma, seroma, infection, and prolonged drainage).ConclusionsLaser assisted modified Forssell's is a very effective (84.4%) surgical treatment of cribbing behavior in horses. Preoperative cribbing duration was identified as a significant risk factor associated with unsuccessful surgical outcome.
Strategies for the testing of antidepressants: trials and tribulations. An overview
Authors: Coppen A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT— Short‐term, long‐term and prophylactic trials are all important for the thorough assessment of a new antidepressant. Patients are carefully selected for such trials according to rigidly applied selection criteria, and their depressive disorder should be rated using a standard classification system. Multicentre trials are often a useful means of obtaining sufficient numbers of patients for valid conclusions to be drawn, but different assessors obtain quite different results even on the same rating scales. Thus, ideally, the assessors should undergo centralized training in such rating. A useful method of circumventing these problems is to use a more objective test, such as the dexamethasone suppression test.Trials should also compare the new drug with placebo and standard antidepressants (e.g. 150 mg/day amitriptyline). The safety profile should be carefully established by monitoring side‐effects and investigating interactions with commonly used drugs (including alcohol).Most new antidepressants are found to be equally as effective as, but no better than, standard antidepressant therapy. However, many new antidepressants have the advantage of causing fewer side‐effects.