bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How seed traits predict floating times: a biophysical process model for hydrochorous seed transport behaviour in fluvial systems
Authors: Carthey Alexandra J. R. , Fryirs Kirstie A. , Ralph Timothy J. , Bu Haiyan , Leishman Michelle R. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryMany plants disperse their seeds in waterbodies via hydrochoric transport. Despite a growing body of research into hydrochory, little is known about the fundamental seed traits that determine floatation ability or hydrochoric transport behaviour more generally. Seeds are transported in fluvial systems in one of three phases: surface transport, within the flow or incorporated in bedload. Seeds are often categorised as buoyant or non‐buoyant based on density, with little consideration of the morphological traits that determine how long seeds spend in each transport phase.We investigated the seed traits that best predict time spent floating under laboratory conditions, using sixty species of riparian plants from south‐eastern Australia. We measured and calculated key physical attributes (length, width, volume, surface area, mass, density, sphericity, roundness and shape category) and categorised seeds according to their primary dispersal modes (water/wind, vertebrate, adhesion, ants and unassisted).We used Cox's proportional hazards modelling to reveal that seed density and volume : surface area ratio were the physical traits that best predicted time spent floating. Volume : surface area ratio represents both seed size and shape, as it increases with size and sphericity. Our results showed that denser, larger and/or more spherical seeds (i.e. higher volume : surface area ratio) were poor floaters. They are therefore more likely to be transported in subsurface flow or as bedload.We combined our data with geomorphic models of sediment transport in flow to develop a biophysical process model of how hydrological forces and seed physical traits determine hydrochorous seed transport behaviour in rivers. The model describes how surface tension, buoyancy and flow velocity act on seed density and volume : surface area ratio to characterise time spent floating. We extrapolate from our data to conceptualise how these traits predict transitions between surface, subsurface and bedload transport. Hydrochoric seed transport behaviour and deposition are both threshold‐driven and multidirectional.Our process model is likely to be applicable across a range of different seed types in a range of rivers. It substantially increases our understanding of hydrochoric processes in rivers, lakes and lotic wetlands and will help illuminate the links between seed traits, hydrochoric transport and patterns of riparian vegetation and species composition.
Evolution of the transport properties of fractures subject to thermally and mechanically activated mineral alteration and redistribution
Authors: Faoro I. , Elsworth D. , Candela T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractStrong feedbacks link temperature (T), hydrologic flow (H), mechanical deformation (M), and chemical alteration (C) in fractured rock. These processes are interconnected as one process affects the initiation and progress of another. Dissolution and precipitation of minerals are affected by temperature and stress, and can result in significant changes in permeability and solute transport characteristics. Understanding these couplings is important for oil, gas, and geothermal reservoir engineering, for CO2 sequestration, and for waste disposal in underground repositories and reservoirs. To experimentally investigate the interactions between THMC processes in a naturally stressed fracture, we report on heated (25°C up to 150°C) flow‐through experiments on fractured core samples of Westerly granite. These experiments examine the influence of thermally and mechanically activated dissolution of minerals on the mechanical (stress/strain) and transport (permeability) responses of fractures. The evolutions of the permeability and relative hydraulic aperture of the fracture are recorded as thermal and stress conditions' change during the experiments. Furthermore, the efflux of dissolved mineral mass is measured periodically and provides a record of the net mass removal, which is correlated with observed changes in relative hydraulic fracture aperture. During the experiments, a significant variation of the effluent fluid chemistry is observed and the fracture shows large changes in permeability to the changing conditions both in stress and in temperature. We argue that at low temperature and high stresses, mechanical crushing of the asperities and the production of gouge explain the permeability decrease although most of the permeability is recoverable as the stress is released. While at high temperature, the permeability changes are governed by mechanical deformation as well as chemical processes, in particular, we infer dissolution of minerals adjacent to the fracture and precipitation of kaolinite.
The Frequent Unusual Headache Syndromes: A Proposed Classification Based on Lifetime Prevalence
Authors: Valença Marcelo M. , de Oliveira Daniella A. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThere is no agreement on a single cutoff point or prevalence for regarding a given disease as rare. The concept of what is a rare headache disorder is even less clear and the spectrum from a very frequent, frequent, occasional to rare headache syndrome is yet to be established.ObjectiveAn attempt has been made to estimate the lifetime prevalence of each of the headache subtypes classified in the ICHD‐II.MethodUsing the ICHD‐II, 199 different headache subtypes were identified. The following classification was made according to the estimated lifetime prevalence of each headache disorder: very frequent (prevalence >10%); frequent (between 1 and 10%); occasional (between 0.07 and 1%); and unusual or rare (<0.07%).ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐four of 199 (77%) were categorized as unusual headache disorders, 7/199 (4%) as very frequent, 9/199 (5%) as frequent, and 29/199 (15%) as occasional forms of headache disorder.ConclusionThe unusual headache syndromes do not appear to be as infrequent in clinical practice as has been generally believed. About three‐fourths of the classified headache disorders found in the ICHD‐II can be considered as rare. This narrative review article may be regarded as an introduction to the concept of unusual headaches and a proposed classification of all headaches (at least those listed in the ICHD‐II).
Solid cell nests of the thyroid gland: morphological, immunohistochemical and genetic features
Authors: Manzoni Marco , Roversi Gaia , Di Bella Camillo , Pincelli Angela I , Cimino Vincenzo , Perotti Mario , Garancini Mattia , Pagni Fabio 
Published: September 2015

AimsThe correct identification of solid cell nests (SCNs) is an important issue in thyroid pathology because of the spectrum of differential diagnoses of this type of lesion.Methods and resultsTen cases of 295 consecutive thyroidectomies showed the presence of SCNs at histological examination. The identification of the exact SCN type required the distinction of the cystic and solid pattern; SCNs were usually composed of a mixture of main cells (MCs) and C‐cells (CCs). The immunohistochemical calcitonin stain identified CCs easily, both inside SCNs and dispersed in islets at the periphery. For the characterization of MCs, we added the utility of p40 to p63. The use of thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) helped in their identification, as MCs did not react with this marker; the combination of TTF‐1 and p40 or p63 IHC stains was useful for the characterization of cystic SCNs of both types 3 and 4. The negativity of mouse monoclonal mesothelioma antibody (HMBE‐1) and a very low proliferative index (MIB‐1) supported the diagnosis. [Correction added on 23 November 2015, after online publication: MIB‐1 was incorrectly defined, the expanded form was deleted.] We discourage the use of galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) and cytokeratin‐19 (CK‐19), as they have an important overlap with papillary thyroid carcinoma. The complete absence of any B‐Raf proto‐oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) mutations is an additional fundamental finding.ConclusionsWe reviewed the most relevant morphological and immunohistochemical features of SCNs and have provided a genetic analysis of the BRAF gene because of its expanding use in thyroid pathology.
Abnormal neutrophil scattergram obtained using Pentra MS CRP in the patients with myelodysplastic syndrome showing dysgranulopoiesis
Authors: Inaba T. , Ishizuka K. , Yuasa S. , Mishima N. , Ogura K. , Saito K. , Kohno T. , Fujitomo Y. , Nakanishi M. , Fujita N. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIntroductionPentra MS CRP is an automated hematology analyzer capable of cytochemistry using Chlorazol black E, a lipid‐staining agent, for white blood cell (WBC) differentials. Pentra MS CRP displays a WBC scattergram according to the cell volume obtained using flow impedance and light absorbance reflecting the Chlorazol black E (CBE)‐positive lipid content.MethodNeutrophil scattergrams obtained using Pentra MS CRP were compared between 5 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and normal controls. Sudan black B (SBB)‐staining patterns of peripheral blood neutrophils were subdivided into four types (types I, II, III, and VI) based on their staining intensity and scored by counting 200 cells. Such SBB scores were also compared between the two groups.ResultsNeutrophil scattergrams deviated downward in the MDS group, suggesting the decreased CBE positivity that seemed reflect the reduction of the lipid content in dysplastic neutrophils. SBB scores determined in this study were also decreased in the MDS group when compared with those in normal controls.ConclusionPentra MS CRP might rapidly generate useful information on dysplastic neutrophils in patients with MDS based on its cytochemistry for WBC differentials during routine laboratory hematology.
‘I don't want to be here but I feel safe’: Referral and admission to a child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit: The young person's perspective
Authors: Salamone‐Violi Gigetta M.L. , Chur‐Hansen Anna , Winefield Helen R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEarly and appropriate intervention can assist children and young people manage their mental illness and prevent it becoming a long‐term condition. However, satisfaction with mental health services can influence the level of engagement individuals are willing to participate in beyond the time of the initial contact or hospitalization. A qualitative design was used to identify and understand the experiences of the admission process for young people referred to the sole psychiatric inpatient unit in one Australian state for children up to the age of 18 years. Eleven young people participated in semistructured interviews that were audiotaped, transcribed, and coded. Interview data were examined through thematic analysis. Satisfaction with the inpatient experience was influenced by whether or not young people experienced a sense of connection with staff or other patients on the ward. The ability of nursing staff in identifying and catering to the individual needs of young people in their care facilitated feelings of safety, security, and acceptance, and contributed to the young person's desire to remain engaged in treatment post‐discharge. This research supports the shift towards perceiving patient satisfaction as a separate entity from service delivery and quality, with some participants able to voice dissatisfaction about the lack of services, while reporting overall satisfaction with the inpatient experience.
Reproduction and population parameters of the Nearctic predator Geocoris punctipes at constant and varying temperature regimes
Authors: Bueno V. H. P. , Calixto A. M. , Montes F. C. , van Lenteren J. C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe heteropteran predator Geocoris punctipes (Say) has been used in augmentative biological control since 2000 to control Lepidoptera. However, surprisingly, few data are available about the influence of temperature on its population development, which is of key importance to plan the number and moment of releases to obtain sufficient pest reduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate daily and total fecundity, longevity and life table parameters (mx, lx, rm, R, λ, T and TD) of G. punctipes at constant (16.8°C, 21.5°C, 24.5°C and 28.3°C) and corresponding varying (day/night) (21/11°C, 24/18°C, 27/21°C and 30/26°C) temperatures. Pairs of adult predators aged 24 h and originating from nymphs exposed to the same temperature regimes were kept at the above‐mentioned temperature regimes in Petri dishes containing Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) eggs and an oviposition substrate. Tests were conducted in climatic chambers at the different temperature regimes and a RH 70 ± 10% and a 14L: 10D photoperiod. Reproduction, longevity and life table parameters were significantly affected by temperature, with clear differences between treatments at low (16.8°C, 21/11°C, 21.5°C, 24/18°C) or a high (24.5°C, 27/21°C, 28.3°C, 30/26°C) temperature regimes. Highest reproduction and fastest population growth of G. punctipes took place at average temperatures ranging from 24.5°C to 30°C, and neither reproduction nor population growth was negatively influenced by varying temperatures at any of the temperature regimes.
High Prevalence and Widespread Distribution of Zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes in Swine in Northeast China: Implications for Public Health
Authors: Wan Qiang , Lin Yongchao , Mao Yixian , Yang Yuqi , Li Qiao , Zhang Siwen , Jiang Yanxue , Tao Wei , Li Wei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study analyzed 563 fecal specimens of asymptomatic pigs from five cities of northeast China for the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Enterocytozoon bieneusi. The parasite was detected in 267 of 563 (47.4%) pigs by nested PCR of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The differences in prevalence between preweaned (58.0%, 94/162) and growing pigs (39.6%, 114/288) and between weaned (52.2%, 59/113) and growing pigs are significant (p < 0.05). Genotypic typing and phylogenetic analysis facilitated identification of six human‐pathogenic genotypes EbpC, O, CS‐4, EbpA, Henan‐IV, and PigEBITS5 and six potentially zoonotic genotypes EbpB, CC‐1, CS‐1, CS‐3, CHN7, and CS‐10. Genotypes CS‐4 (32/35) and EbpC (3/35) from Harbin and Henan‐IV (5/64) from Qiqihar determined in pigs herein represented the main causative agents of human microsporidiosis in Harbin. The most dominant genotype EbpC found in pigs from Daqing (35/65) and Qiqihar (a close neighbor to Daqing) (47/64) contributed significantly to human infections in Daqing. Genotype EbpC was also a leading E. bieneusi pathogen in humans, drinking water, and wastewater in central China. This study provided robust evidence that pigs could be an outstanding source of human microsporidiosis and water contamination in China.
Yeasts From Xerophilic Environments Reveal Antimicrobial Action Against Fruit Pathogenic Molds
Authors: Oro Lucia , Ciani Maurizio , Comitini Francesca 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the occurrence of yeast flora in a xerophilic environment, the desert region of Namibia, with the aim to isolate the yeast strains with antimicrobial activity toward plant pathogen molds. Using traditional culture‐dependent methods, a total of 44 yeast strains belonging to 6 genera and 12 species were isolated. The yeast isolated from red berry samples revealed the widest biodiversity, while only Cryptococcus albidus strains were isolated from desert melon and leaf samples. A wide antimicrobial activity toward pathogenic molds was observed in vitro tests for the yeasts belonging to Aureobasidium pullulans (strains F32 and F60), C. albidus (S14) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (RB24). This behavior was confirmed in vivo tests, where A. pullulans F32 and F60 completely counteracted Penicillium digitatum decay in lemon and orange, respectively, while C. albidus S14 showed a similar strong antimicrobial effect in both fruits. S. cerevisiae strain RB24 exhibited a widespread inhibitory activity against Monilinia fructicola on cherries.Practical ApplicationsTo the best of our knowledge, the antimicrobial activity exhibited by selected yeasts from xerophilic environment could be used as a biological practice in postharvest as an alternative biotechnological approach to reduce the use of synthetic fungicides. Indeed, the biological control using antagonistic yeasts offers an alternative approach to combat pathogen molds on fruits and vegetables.
Early identification and management of the unstable adult patient in the emergency department
Authors: Hudson Paul , Ekholm Jodie , Johnson Maree , Langdon Rachel 
Published: September 2015

Aims and objectivesThe focus of this research was to standardise an emergency observation chart, the Adult Emergency Department Flow Chart, which incorporates elements designed to allow clinicians to more readily recognise the trends of patient deterioration.BackgroundPatients present to the Emergency Department with some form of instability. Core skills and principles of Emergency Department care are to rapidly and continually assess the clinical condition of the patient, prioritise their care and treat accordingly. Often, however, deterioration of these patients is missed. The incidence of missed deterioration is set within a background of increasing presentations to Emergency Departments, greater complexity of the patient health status, longer length of stay within the Emergency Department and an ageing population.DesignThis quantitative research study comprised a retrospective medical record audit. Only those records containing notes relating to an Emergency Department admission were included.MethodsAn online data collection tool based on the Adult Emergency Department Flow Chart was developed. A total of 181 medical records were reviewed: 80 during the pre‐implementation audit and 101 during the post‐implementation audit.ResultsThe Adult Emergency Department Flow Chart enabled clinicians to better identify deteriorating patients, with a higher number of abnormal vital signs being identified at the post‐implementation audit. Identification of pain also dramatically increased at the post‐implementation audit. Documentation of notification to Medical Officers also increased, as did documentation of the number of patients receiving medication to help treat the abnormal vital sign.ConclusionThe introduction of the Adult Emergency Department Flow Chart facilitated the essential role of nurses in the identification, documentation and monitoring of the unstable or deteriorating patient in the Emergency Department. Further research is required with larger samples to determine the impact of the Adult Emergency Department Flow Chart on the timely management of abnormal vital signs.Relevance to clinical practiceThe Adult Emergency Flow Chart provides a valuable tool for the early identification and subsequent management of an unstable / deteriorating adult in the emergency department, particularly for clinicians with limited experience.
Discrepancy between self‐assessments and standardised tests of vision and hearing abilities in older people living at home: an ROC curve analysis
Authors: Haanes Gro Gade , Kirkevold Marit , Hofoss Dag , Eilertsen Grethe 
Published: September 2015

Aims and objectivesTo determine whether there is consistency between self‐assessments and standardised tests of vision and hearing abilities in older people.BackgroundHome‐based detection of vision and hearing impairments in older people are generally based on self‐assessments of vision and hearing abilities.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsReceiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare self‐assessments of vision and hearing abilities with a gold‐standard test. The vision and hearing abilities of 93 people aged ≥80 years in the home‐care setting were screened with a LogMAR chart, a pure‐tone audiometer, and a self‐assessment screen.ResultsComparison of findings using the cut‐off points on the self‐assessment scale with those of the gold‐standard tests yielded 40 false negatives for vision and 18 false negatives for hearing, indicating that a significant proportion of older people report their vision and hearing abilities as being good when standardised tests indicate that they are not. Alternative cut‐off points on the self‐assessment scale were tested, but no cut‐off point was found to provide a sound basis for identifying vision and hearing impairments.ConclusionThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for self‐assessment of vision was 69%, indicating that the self‐assessment questions constituted a poor test. It appears that results from self‐assessments cannot be relied upon to accurately identify visual acuity. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the self‐assessment of hearing was 73%, which may therefore be considered a “fair” test. However, self‐assessment of hearing is still insufficient for detecting hearing impairment.Relevance to clinical practiceVision and hearing abilities are crucially important to managing daily living. In addition to treatments for suppressing the further development of existing diseases, standardised tests could be a good starting point for health prevention and promotion. Nurses should apply standardised tests to detect sensory impairments in older people.
The protective effect of γ‐aminobutyric acid on the development of immune function in chickens under heat stress
Authors: Tang J. , Chen Z. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the protective effect of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the development of immune function in chicks under heat stress (HS). One‐day‐old male Wenchang chicks were randomly divided into control (CK), HS and GABA+HS groups. The GABA+HS group was fed with 0.2 ml GABA solution (50 mg/kg) daily by oral gavage. The HS and GABA+HS groups were placed in 40 ± 0.5 °C environment for 2 h heat treatment from 13:00 each day. Blood samples were routinely taken at 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days respectively, and the contents of T and B lymphocyte subsets in the blood and tissue were analysed by flow cytometry after FITC/PE double staining; the plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐2, immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG and IgM were determined using ELISA. The thymus and the bursa of fabricius were also collected to analyse for organ index and observe for the changes in tissue microstructure. In addition, the chicks received primary and secondary immunizations with attenuated Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine (LaSota strain) at 7 and 28 days respectively; conventional hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was performed to monitor the titre changes in plasma antibody against ND virus in the birds. Our results indicated that the indices of both thymus and bursa of fabricius, the intactness of tissue structure and development, the plasma levels of IL‐2, IgA, IgG and IgM, the titres of ND antibody, and the levels of B and T lymphocyte subsets in HS group were all significantly lower than those in CK group (p < 0.05). However, all above indices were significantly improved in GABA+HS group compared with those in HS group (p < 0.05). These results demonstrated that while HS seriously affected the development of immune function in Wenchang chicks, GABA effectively alleviated the damages of HS to the development of immune function in chicks.