bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic energy sensors (AMPK and SIRT1), protein carbonylation, and cardiac failure as biomarkers of thermal stress in an intertidal limpet: linking energetic allocation with environmental temperature during aerial emersion
Authors: Han Guo-dong , Zhang Shu , Marshall David J. , Ke Cai-huan , Dong Yun-wei 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe effects of heat stress on organisms are manifested at the levels of organ function, metabolic activity, protein stability and gene expression. Here, we examined effects of high temperature on the intertidal limpet Cellana toreuma to determine how the temperatures at which organ failure (cardiac function), irreversible protein damage (carbonylation), and expression of genes encoding proteins involved in molecular chaperoning (hsp70 and hsp90) and metabolic regulation (ampk and sirt1) compare with field temperatures, which commonly exceed 30°C and can reach 46°C. Heart failure, indexed by the Arrhenius break temperature (ABT) was 34.3°C. Protein carbonylation rose significantly at 38°C. Genes for heat shock proteins HSP70 (hsp70) and HSP90 (hsp90), for two subunits of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (ampkα and ampkβ), and for histone/protein deacetylase SIRT1 (sirt1) all showed increased expression at 30°C. Temperatures of maximal expression differed among genes, as did temperatures at which up-regulation ceased. Expression patterns for ampk and sirt1 indicate that heat stress influenced cellular energy homeostasis; above ~30°C, up-regulation of ATP-generating pathways is suggested by elevated expression of genes for ampk; an altered balance between reliance on carbohydrate and lipid fuels is indicated by changes in expression of sirt1. These results show that C. toreuma commonly experiences temperatures that induce expression of genes associated with the stress response (hsp70 and hsp90) and regulation of energy metabolism (ampk and sirt1). At high temperatures, there is likely to be a shift away from anabolic processes like growth to catabolic processes, to provide energy for coping with stress-induced damage, notably to proteins.
Limited effects of exogenous glucose during severe hypoxia and a lack of hypoxia-stimulated glucose uptake in isolated rainbow trout cardiac muscle
Authors: Becker Tracy A. , DellaValle Brian , Gesser Hans , Rodnick Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryWe examined whether exogenous glucose affects contractile performance of electrically-paced ventricle strips from rainbow trout under conditions known to alter cardiomyocyte performance, ion regulation, and energy demands. Physiological levels of D-glucose did not influence twitch force development for aerobic preparations 1) paced at 0.5 or 1.1 Hz, 2) at 15 or 23°C, 3) receiving adrenergic stimulation, or 4) during reoxygenation with or without adrenaline after severe hypoxia. Contractile responses to ryanodine, an inhibitor of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, were also not affected by exogenous glucose. However, glucose did attenuate the fall in twitch force during severe hypoxia. Glucose uptake was assayed in non-contracting ventricle strips using 2-[3H] deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) under aerobic and hypoxic conditions, different incubation temperatures, and inhibitors. Based upon a lack of saturation of 2-DG uptake and incomplete inhibition of uptake by cytochalasin B and D-glucose, 2-DG uptake was mediated by a combination of facilitated transport and simple diffusion. Hypoxia stimulated lactate efflux 6-7-fold with glucose present, but did not increase 2-DG uptake or reduce lactate efflux in the presence of cytochalasin B. Increasing temperature (14 to 24°C) also did not increase 2-DG uptake, but decreasing temperature (14 to 4°C) reduced 2-DG uptake by 45%. In conclusion, exogenous glucose improves mechanical performance under hypoxia but not under any of the aerobic conditions applied. The extracellular concentration of glucose and cold temperature appear to determine and limit cardiomyocyte glucose uptake, respectively, and together may help define a metabolic strategy that relies predominantly on intracellular energy stores.
Chemical structure of odorants and perceptual similarity in ants
Authors: Bos Nick , d'Ettorre Patrizia , Guerrieri Fernando J. 
Published: May 2013

Summary
Animals are often immersed in a chemical world consisting of mixtures of many compounds rather than of single substances, and they constantly face the challenge of extracting relevant information out of the chemical landscape. To this purpose, the ability to discriminate among different stimuli with different valence is essential, but it is also important to be able to generalise, i.e. to treat different but similar stimuli as equivalent, as natural variation does not necessarily affect stimulus valence. Animals can thus extract regularities in their environment and make predictions, for instance about distribution of food resources. We studied perceptual similarity of different odours by conditioning individual carpenter ants to one odour, and subsequently testing their response to another, structurally different odour. We found that asymmetry in generalisation, where ants generalise from odour ’A’ to ’B’, but not from ’B’ to ’A’, is dependent on both chain length and functional group. By conditioning ants to a binary mixture, and testing their reaction to the individual components of the mixture, we show that overshadowing, where parts of a mixture are learned better than others, is rare. Additionally, generalisation is not only dependent on the structural similarity of odorants, but their functional value might play a crucial role. Our results help understanding how ants make sense of the complex chemical world around them, and provide a basis to investigate the neural mechanisms behind perceptual similarity.
Nitric oxide and coral bleaching: is peroxynitrite generation required for symbiosis collapse?
Authors: Hawkins Thomas D. , Davy Simon K. 
Published: May 2013

Summary
The temperature-induced collapse ("bleaching") of the coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis is hypothesised to result from symbiont oxidative stress and a subsequent host innate immune-like response. This includes the production of nitric oxide (NO), which is involved in numerous microbial symbioses. Much of NO's cytotoxicity has been attributed to its conversion, in the presence of superoxide (O2-), to highly reactive peroxynitrite (ONOO-). However, ONOO- generation has yet to be observed in either a lower invertebrate or intracellular mutualism. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy with the fluorescent ONOO- indicator aminophenyl fluorescein (APF), we observed strong evidence that ONOO- is generated in symbiotic Aiptasia pulchella under conditions known to induce thermal bleaching. However, a role for ONOO- in bleaching remains unclear as treatment with a peroxynitrite scavenger had no significant effect on thermal bleaching. Therefore, while ONOO- may have a potential for cytotoxicity, in vivo levels of the compound may be insufficient to affect bleaching.
Rough eyes of the Northeast-Asian Wood White Leptidea amurensis
Authors: Uchiyama Hironobu , Awata Hiroko , Kinoshita Michiyo , Arikawa Kentaro 
Published: May 2013

Summary
The Northeast-Asian Wood White Leptidea amurensis (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) belongs to Dismorphiinae, a subfamily of the family Pieridae. We here studied the structure of the compound eye in this species through a combination of anatomy, molecular biology and intracellular electrophysiology, with a particular focus on the evolution of butterfly eyes. We found that their eyes consist of three types of ommatidia, with a basic set of one short, one middle and one long wavelength-absorbing visual pigment. The spectral sensitivities of the photoreceptors are rather simple, and peak in the ultraviolet, blue and green wavelength regions. The ommatidia have neither perirhabdomal nor fluorescent pigments, which modulate photoreceptor spectral sensitivities in a number of other butterfly species. These features are primitive, but the eyes of Leptidea exhibit another unique feature: the rough appearance of the ventral two-thirds of the eye. The roughness is due to the irregular distribution of facets of two distinct sizes. As this phenomenon exists only in males, it may represent a newly evolved sex-related feature.
The San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment
Authors: Hoppeler Hans 
Published: May 2013

Summary
On 16 December 2012, a group of editors and publishers of scholarly journals gathered together at the Annual Meeting of The American Society for Cell Biology in San Francisco, CA, USA to discuss current issues related to how the quality of research output is evaluated and how the primary scientific literature is cited. The outcome of the meeting and further discussions is a set of recommendations that is referred to as the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment, published in May 2013. The Journal of Experimental Biology (JEB) fully supports this initiative. In concordance with the recommendations of the Declaration, JEB provides impact factor alongside a variety of other journal-based metrics, requests an author contribution statement for all Research Articles, places no restrictions on the reuse of reference lists, and has no limitations on the number of references in Research Articles.
Redox Switching of Conjugation Length Using 9,9,10,10-Tetraaryl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene as an ON/OFF Unit: Preparation, X-ray Structure, and Redox Properties of Perfluorobiphenyl Derivative and Its SNAr Reactions to π-Extended Analogues
Authors: Suzuki Takanori , Tamaoki Hitomi , Katoono Ryo , Fujiwara Kenshu , Ichikawa Junji , Fukushima Takanori 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Octafluorobiphenyl-2,2′-diylbis(diarylmethylium) dye 2a2+ prepared from 1,2-dibromotetrafluorobenzene is interconvertible with colorless dihydrophenanthrene donor 1a. By the SNAr reactions of 1a with acetylides, π-extended analogues 1b and 1c were obtained. Their electrochromic behavior is accompanied by a drastic absorption change not only in the visible but also UV region, because the torsion angle of the biaryl unit is modified upon redox reactions.
Golden Horn Estuary: Description of the ecosystem and an attempt to assess its ecological quality status using various classification metrics
Authors: ALBAYRAK S. , BALKIS N. , BALKIS H. , ZENETOS A. , KURUN A. , KARHAN S.U. , CAGLAR S. , BALCI M. 
Published: May 2013

In this paper, we describe the pelagic and benthic ecosystem of the Golden Horn estuary opening into the Marmara Sea. To improve the water quality of the estuary, which had long been subject to severe anthropogenic pollution (industrial, chemical, shipping), industrial facilities were moved from the estuary in the 1980s, followed by a rehabilitation plan in the 1990s. Our results, based on chemical parameters and phytoplankton showed some signs of improvement of water conditions in the upper layer. However, macrozoobenthic findings of this study did not reflect such a recovery in bottom life.An approach to the Ecological Quality Status (EQS) assessment was performed by applying the biotic indices BENTIX, AMBI, BOPA, BO2A. Our final assessment was based on 'expert-judgements' and revealed a very disturbed overall ecosystem with 'bad' EQS for the station at the head of the estuary, 'poor' in the rest of the estuary and 'moderate' EQS only in the middle station.
Reproductive features of the deep-water rose shrimp, Parapenaeus longirostris (Crustacea: Penaeidae), in the Strait of Sicily
Authors: BIANCHINI M.L. , DI STEFANO L. , RAGONESE S. 
Published: May 2013

The deep‑water rose shrimp, Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846), is one of the most valuable and heavily exploited demersal species of the Mediterranean bottom trawl fisheries. The basic life traits of this shrimp, in particular its reproductive aspects, are regularly monitored during experimental trawl surveys carried out in the Mediterranean Sea. Gonadic condition and maturity status for estimating the size at onset of sexual maturity are commonly assessed in females, using macroscopic color scales, histologically validated only in a few geographical areas. In this study, histological analyses were performed on rose shrimps collected from a trawl survey carried out in the Strait of Sicily, in order to support the empirical 4‑stage macroscopic scale locally employed. Ovaries from females of different sizes, ranging between 16 mm and 40 mm carapace length, were collected and used for microscopic examination of their structure, for oocytes counts and for oocyte diameter frequency distributions; oocytes diameter was measured by imaging analysis. The collected data were also used to estimate other basic vital parameters of the rose shrimp population. The histological observations show a broad correspondence between ovarian development and macroscopic features; therefore, the classifications derived by the empirical scale remain suitable for estimating the maturity parameters.
Samogłoskowa baza fonematyczna języka prasłowiańskiego w świetle analizy dystrybucyjnej
Authors: Osiewicz Marek 
Published: May 2013

Proto-Slavonic stock of vowel phonemes in the light of distribution analysis
The article attempts to employ distribution analysis of Proto-Slavonic sounds to falsify current findings on the Proto-Slavonic stock of vowel phonemes. The material for the analysis has been extracted from W. Boryś’s Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (‘Etymological dictionary of Polish’). Analyzed was direct bilateral neighbourhood of vowels. To determine the Proto-Slavonic phonological units, a modified methodological proposition of Jerzy Bańczerowski has been used. In light of the analysis, the vowels [i], [y], [ъ], and [ь] – which have until now been treated as separate phonological units – are realizations of two phonemes: /i/ which covers non-back high vowels (→ [i], [y]), and /ъ/ which covers lowered non-back vowels (→ [ъ] and [ь]).
Opinia o projekcie zmiany Ustawy o mniejszościach narodowych i etnicznych oraz o języku regionalnym, a także niektórych innych ustaw
Authors: Cząstka-Szymon Bożena 
Published: May 2013

Opinion on draft amendments to the law on national and ethnic minorities and regional language, and on some other laws
The opinion on draft amendments is negative due to lack of compliance with the Polish and EU regulations (Act on the Polish Language from 1999.10.07 and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages). Applicants want Silesian to be recognized as a national language. However, the current classification of used (living) languages of the world contrasts the general (nationwide) language with its regional/territorial varieties, i.e. subdialects. There are no rational arguments for modification of the existing arrangements, and favouring one of Polish dialects by establishing it as a regional language. Since, however, the positions of subdialects and regional Polish have been weakened for historical reasons, it will be justified to seek to raise their prestige.
Jak uporządkować terminologiczny chaos w glottodydaktyce i po co?
Authors: Cockiewicz Wacław 
Published: May 2013

How to put order into the terminological chaos in language pedagogy and what should one want to do this for?
The terminology used in language pedagogy does not constitute a coherent system because it is not based on definitions of terms but rather on descriptions of prototypes and illustrating them with examples. As a result, different terms overlap. This is disadvantageous for discourse in language pedagogy, because it enforces terms to be redefined anew in every statement. The current article proposes a way to order and systematize terminology referring to, on the one hand, languages as viewed from the perspective of language pedagogy, and on the other, to the phenomenon of bi- and multilingualism. Based on five systematically employed criteria, a discrete set of terms has been obtained which reflect the language pedagogical (i.e. prepared from the point of view of language pedagogy) classification of languages. The first criterion allows also a bi- or multilingual person to be unambiguously distinguished from a polyglot. The first term describes someone who has acquired two or more native languages, while the second a person who has learned several or many foreign languages. The criteria of competence or of circumstances of use, which have so far been in common use, do not allow for such a clear distinction.
Identification and Quantification of the Interaction Mechanisms Between the Cationic Surfactant HDTMA-Br and Montmorillonite
Authors: Naranjo Pablo M. , Sham Edgardo L. , Castellón Enrique Rodríguez , Torres Sánchez Rosa M. , Farfán Torres Elsa M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSeveral detailed studies have been done on the characterization of organoclays and the type of structures developed when they interact with alkylammonium molecules. Few published contributions exist, however, on the distribution of surfactant within the organoclays and the mechanism by which they are intercalated. Also, although X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a suitable technique for the study of the surface characteristics of organoclays, very few such XPS studies have been carried out. With the aim of contributing to a better understanding of the intercalation process, a series of organoclays was synthesized using a montmorillonite and the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMABr), with an increasing surfactant load of between 0.2 and 4.0 times the cation exchange capacity of the starting clay. By means of XPS, zeta potential, and thermal analysis techniques, distinguishing the strongly interacting fraction from the weakly interacting fraction of the adsorbed surfactant molecules was possible. Adsorption isotherms of each of these processes were constructed and then adjusted using the Langmuir and Dubinin-Radusquevich adsorption models. Three types of interaction between the surfactant and the clay were identified and described qualitatively and quantitatively. Two of these interactions, strong and weak, involved the hexadecyltrimethylammonium cation (HDTMA+). The third was a weak interaction involving the ion pair HDTMA+Br−. The results of this study may be useful for the comprehensive design of organoclays with specific physicochemical properties according to the application for which they are destined.
Mapping Kaolinite and Dickite in Sandstone Thin Sections Using Infrared Microspectroscopy
Authors: Robin Valentin , Petit Sabine , Beaufort Daniel , Prêt Dimitri 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA method to characterize and map both kaolinite and dickite polytypes in sandstone thin sections using infrared microspectroscopy (IRMS) was developed. Minerals identification using IRMS can be performed using the hydroxyl-stretching band of most clay minerals (3500–4000 cm−1) in spite of infrared (IR) interferences caused by the embedding resin and glass substratum. Emphasis was placed on determining the optimum analytical conditions for IR data acquisition. The best data-acquisition parameters for Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) measurements (i.e. spectra quality as a function of beam size and the number of scans) were obtained from a series of single spectra. Then, spatial resolution was explored as a function of the IR beam size (from 50 μm × 50 μm to 15 μm × 15 μm) and the step-scan interval (i.e. the distance between two successive analysis points). The IRMS measurements were performed on thin sections of materials characterized previously using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis. Using IRMS, locations on the thin sections containing nearly pure dickite or kaolinite polytypes were identified and mapped. Most spectra collected using IRMS represented kaolin mineral aggregates rather than individual crystals, however, and mixing of kaolin polytypes was common at the spatial resolution of the IR beam size used. The spatial resolution of the IRMS was comparable to optical petrography and made possible the identification of areas on the thin section for further ‘in situ’ investigation using other methods (e.g. microprobe, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry — LA-ICP-MS, etc.). Also, the use of blocky crystal morphology to identify dickite was questioned, as kaolinite with blocky habit was identified. Mineral mapping using IRMS seems particularly suited for investigating petrographic relationships between kaolinite and dickite in sandstone diagenesis, but could also be used for clay minerals in other rock types or soils.
Some Thoughts on the Use of Autograph Manuscripts in Editing the Works of Verdi and Puccini
Authors: Gossett Philip 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
No one believes an autograph manuscript provides sufficient information to allow scholars to edit nineteenth- or early twentieth-century music, particularly in genres that accepted considerable modifications in performance, opera or virtuosic piano music. If anything, the pendulum has swung too far in the other direction, with doubts cast on the role of composers' autographs in choosing texts to serve for critical editions. This latter approach is problematical, even for composers known to introduce significant changes in their works to ensure their survival in the theater. One needs always to cite (while not necessarily adopting) autograph readings, which tend to reflect compositional concerns rather than practical concerns. A critical edition may ultimately present a text oriented toward practical solutions, but it demands that users understand why and how a composer's ideas could not be maintained. This is particularly true for a composer like Verdi, who left autograph manuscripts close to a definitive version, but it is also true for a composer like Puccini who expected autograph manuscripts to be superseded in performance.
In the Tradition of Dissent
Authors: Bick Sally 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
As an institution of higher learning, the New School for Social Research was widely regarded as unorthodox. From its inception in 1919, its guiding principle was freedom: freedom of opinion, of teaching, of research, of publication. Initially focusing on the social sciences, by 1927 it introduced music as a significant part of that program. The School's social science perspective, its educational unorthodoxies, and its liberal philosophical ideals set a distinctive tone, nurturing an unfettered and accepting haven for a progressive community of musical personalities. Most prominent among them stood Henry Cowell, but Paul Rosenfeld, Aaron Copland, Charles Seeger, and others also contributed to the vitality of the School. From 1927 until 1933, Cowell presided over a program of lectures, concerts, symposia, and workshops dedicated to the cause of contemporary American music. In view of the School's adult population, music was treated primarily as an intellectual and cultural pursuit that stimulated new spheres of musical inquiry. At the same time, the influence of the social sciences encouraged the study of music through the political and social lens of culture. The diversity and singularity of these approaches created a new context for music and a significant contribution to the history of US musical culture.