bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Telephone Advice System for Remote Intravenous Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Dutta Dipankar , Kendall Jason , Holmes Clare , Murphy Peter , Black Toby , Whiting Robert , Aujla Kash , Caine Sarah , Hellier Kate , Walters David 
Published: January 2015

Background and Purpose—
There is limited evidence for remote stroke thrombolysis using telephone consultation and teleradiology. Results from a UK network using this treatment model are presented.

Methods—
Retrospective study of consecutive patients thrombolysed in 5 hospitals, with well organized stroke services, between 2012 and 2013. Remote thrombolysis was compared with thrombolysis delivered in person for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, death within 7 days, and 90-day modified Rankin scores.

Results—
Of 586 patients, 220 (37.5%) were thrombolysed remotely. The 2 groups were well matched (median age 77 years, NIHSS 12). Remote thrombolysis increased treatment time by 22 minutes. Outcomes were no different in the 2 groups (remote versus standard): symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (3.6% versus 4.6%), death within 7 days (6.4% versus 7.1%), modified Rankin score <2 (46.0% versus 46.1%), and modified Rankin score 6 (15% versus 17.5%) at 90 days.

Conclusion—
Telephone advice and teleradiology, within an organized system of care, can be an effective method of delivery of intravenous thrombolysis.
Metrics of Justice
Authors: Behrmann Carolin 
Published: January 2015

This paper examines a polyhedral dial from the British Museum made by the instrument maker Ulrich Schniep, and discusses the status of multifunctional scientific instruments. It discerns a multifaceted iconic meaning considering different dimensions such as scientific functionality (astronomy), the complex allegorical figure of Justice (iconography), and the representation of the sovereign (politics), the court and the Kunstkammer of Albrecht V of Bavaria. As a numen mixtum the figure of “Justicia” touches different fields that go far beyond pure astronomical measurement and represents the power of the ruler as well as the rules of economic justice.
How Much Does the Type of Tympanostomy Tube Matter? A Utility‐Based Markov Decision Analysis
Authors: Baik Grace , Brietzke Scott 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo use a utility‐based Markov decision analysis model to compare outcomes of short‐term grommet tympanostomy tubes (TTs), intermediate‐type tubes, and permanent T‐Tubes and to use a detailed sensitivity analysis to determine the most important factors influencing outcomes with one type of TT versus another.Study DesignMarkov decision analysis.SettingHypothetical cohort.Subjects and MethodsA Markov cohort decision analysis model was created using computer software (TreeAge Software, Inc, Williamstown, Massachusetts) comparing the 3 types of TT. Published data were used to determine key baseline model parameters. The model featured potential complications including eardrum perforation, early TT extrusion/blockage, and the need for possible repeat TT placement after extrusion. Outcomes were quantified using a 0.95 (1 procedure, full recovery) to 0.6 (failed myringoplasty) utility scale. Utility values were discounted over time to incorporate real‐life inconvenience.ResultsThe intermediate TT accumulated superior total utility in 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐year models (2.48, 3.96, and 5.27 total utility) compared with grommets (2.32, 3.82, 5.18) and T‐Tubes (2.42, 3.86, 5.18). Examining a hypothetically otherwise healthy 3000‐child cohort, T‐Tubes resulted in an increased overall persistent perforation rate (7.9% vs 0.2%, P <. 001, χ2). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the rate of repeat TT placement, the utility assigned to having a functional tube in place, and the inconvenience utility discount factor over time were the driving factors of the model.ConclusionThe intermediate TT may produce optimal outcomes as it combines a balance of a lower perforation rate than T‐Tubes and a longer period of ventilation than grommet tubes.
Comparison of Local and Intravenous Dexamethasone for Postoperative Pain and Recovery after Tonsillectomy
Authors: Gao Wei , Zhang Qin Rui , Jiang Lei , Geng Jie Ying 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo compare local infiltration of dexamethasone to intravenous injection for postoperative pain and recovery after tonsillectomy.Study DesignProspective, randomized study.SettingSecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.Subjects and MethodsChildren (n = 240, American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] classes I‐II, aged 5‐10 y) scheduled for tonsillectomy were randomly and equally assigned to 3 groups: DEX‐IV, for intravenous injection of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, maximum dose 24 mg); DEX‐INF, given the same amount of dexamethasone by local infiltration to the upper middle and lower poles of the tonsils; and a control group not given dexamethasone. Postoperative pain was scored at intervals from 30 minutes to 24 hours. The time to first administration of analgesic and average consumption of analgesic, times to first oral water and solid food intake, and incidence rates of nausea and vomiting were evaluated.ResultsFrom postoperative 1 to 16 hours, the DEX‐INF group had significantly lower pain scores than did the DEX‐IV group, and the time to first analgesic and average consumption of analgesic were also significantly lower. The times to first oral water and food intake in the DEX‐INF group were significantly shorter than in the DEX‐IV group. The incidence of nausea and vomiting in the DEX‐INF group was higher than that of the DEX‐IV group.ConclusionLocal infiltration of dexamethasone was more effective than systemic administration to decrease pain and time to food intake, but the antiemetic effect was less.Clinical trials registration number: ChiCTR‐TRC‐13003535.
Seed/catalyst-free growth of zinc oxide on graphene by thermal evaporation: effects of substrate inclination angles and graphene thicknesses
Authors: Ahmad Nurul Fariha , Yasui Kanji , Hashim Abdul Manaf 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA seed/catalyst-free growth of ZnO on graphene by thermal evaporation of Zn in the presence of O2gas was further studied. The effects of substrate positions and graphene thicknesses on the morphological, structural, and optical properties were found to be very pronounced. By setting the substrate to be inclined at 90°, the growth of ZnO nanostructures, namely, nanoclusters and nanorods, on single-layer (SL) graphene was successfully realized at temperatures of 600°C and 800°C, respectively. For the growth on multilayer (ML) graphene at 600°C with an inclination angle of 90°, the grown structures show extremely thick and continuous cluster structures as compared to the growth with substrate’s inclination angle of 45°. Moreover, the base of nanorod structures grown at 800°C with an inclination angle of 90° also become thicker as compared to 45°, even though their densities and aspect ratios were almost unchanged. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the grown ZnO structures were composed of the UV emission (378–386 nm) and the visible emission (517–550 nm), and the intensity ratio of the former emission (IUV) to the latter emission (IVIS) changed, depending on the temperature. The structures grown at a low temperature of 600°C show the highest value ofIUV/IVISof 16.2, which is almost two times higher than the structures grown on SL graphene, indicating fewer structural defects. The possible growth mechanism was proposed and described which considered both the nucleation and oxidation processes. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that temperature below 800°C, substrate position inclined at 90° towards the gas flow, and ML graphene seems to be preferable parameters for the growth of ZnO structures by thermal evaporation because these factors can be used to overcome the problem of graphene’s oxidation that takes place during the growth.
Highly-ordered silicon inverted nanocone arrays with broadband light antireflectance
Authors: Zhang Dong , Ren Weina , Zhu Zhichao , Zhang Haifeng , Liu Bo , Shi Wangzhou , Qin Xiaomei , Cheng Chuanwei 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this work, highly-ordered silicon inverted nanocone arrays are fabricated by integration of nanosphere lithography with reactive ion etching (RIE) method. The optical characteristics of as-prepared Si inverted nanocone arrays are investigated both by experiments and simulations. It is found that the Si nanocone arrays present excellent broadband light antireflectance properties, which are attributed to the gradient in the effective refractive index of nanocones and enhanced light trapping owing to optical diffraction. The inverted Si nanocone arrays might find a variety of applications in solar cells and photodetectors.
γδ T Cells and dendritic cells in refractory Lyme arthritis
Authors: Divan Ali , Budd Ralph C , Tobin Richard P , Newell-Rogers M Karen 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Lyme disease is a multisystem infection transmitted by tick vectors with an incidence of up to 300,000 individuals/yr in the United States. The primary treatments are oral or i.v. antibiotics. Despite treatment, some individuals do not recover and have prolonged symptoms affecting multiple organs, including the nervous system and connective tissues. Inflammatory arthritis is a common symptom associated with Lyme pathology. In the past decades, γδ T cells have emerged as candidates that contribute to the transition from innate to adaptive responses. These cells are also differentially regulated within the synovia of patients affected by RLA. Here, we review and discuss potential cellular mechanisms involving γδ T cells and DCs in RLA. TLR signaling and antigen processing and presentation will be the key concepts that we review in aid of understanding the impact of γδ T cells in RLA.
Utility of Early Screening Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Extensive Hip Osteonecrosis in Pediatric Patients Treated With Glucocorticoids
Authors: Kaste Sue C. , Pei Deqing , Cheng Cheng , Neel Michael D. , Bowman W. Paul , Ribeiro Raul C. , Metzger Monika L. , Bhojwani Deepa , Inaba Hiroto , Campbell Patrick , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Jeha Sima , Sandlund John T. , Downing James R. , Relling Mary V. , Pui Ching-Hon , Howard Scott C. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose Hip osteonecrosis frequently complicates treatment with glucocorticoids. When extensive (affecting ≥ 30% of the epiphyseal surface), 80% of joints collapse within 2 years, so interventions are needed to prevent this outcome. Patients and Methods This prospective cohort magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening study included all consecutive children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia on a single protocol. Hip MRI was performed at 6.5 and 9 months from diagnosis (early screening) and at completion of chemotherapy (final evaluation) to determine whether screening could identify extensive hip osteonecrosis before symptom development. Results Of 498 patients, 462 underwent screening MRI. Extensive asymptomatic osteonecrosis was identified by early screening in 26 patients (41 hips); another four patients (seven hips) were detected after the screening period, such that screening sensitivity was 84.1% and specificity was 99.4%. The number of joints screened to detect one lesion was 20.1 joints for all patients, 4.4 joints for patients older than 10 years, and 198 joints for patients ≤ 10 years old (P < .001). Of the 40 extensive lesions in patients older than 10 years, 19 required total hip arthroplasty and none improved. Of eight extensive lesions in younger patients, none required arthroplasty and four improved. Conclusion In patients age 10 years old or younger who require prolonged glucocorticoid therapy, screening for extensive hip osteonecrosis is unnecessary because their risk is low and lesions tend to heal. In children older than 10 years, early screening successfully identifies extensive asymptomatic lesions in patients who would be eligible for studies of interventions to prevent or delay joint collapse.
Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 by H2O over Ag-Loaded SrO-Modified Ta2O5
Authors: Teramura Kentaro , Tatsumi Hiroyuki , Wang Zheng , Hosokawa Saburo , Tanaka Tsunehiro 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We found that incorporation of alkaline earth metal oxides into Ag-loaded Ta2O5 (Ag/Ta2O5) suppresses the H2 production from overall water splitting for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 by using H2O as an electron donor. Four different combinations of the photocatalysts (Ag/MO/Ta2O5 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba)) were utilized; of these, the highest amount of CO was generated over Ag-loaded SrO-modified Ta2O5 (Ag/SrO/Ta2O5) with the evolution of a stoichiometric amount of O2. It was demonstrated that the presence of low quantities of SrO considerably enhanced the selectivity toward CO evolution. We also confirmed that a Ag cocatalyst increased the selectivity toward CO evolution and relatively small Ag nanoparticles maximized the selectivity toward CO evolution. It was therefore concluded that the particle size of the Ag cocatalysts should be controlled, and alkaline earth metal oxides should be introduced into Ag/Ta2O5 in order to achieve high conversion of CO2 and good selectivity toward O2 evolution.
Comics in der Stadtbibliothek Köln
Authors: Döring Constanze 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung:
Comics gehören seit langer Zeit zum Bestand öffentlicher Bibliotheken und zu den ausleihstarken Bestandsgruppen. Trotzdem ist ihr Ruf nicht der allerbeste. Dabei können die richtige Auswahl und geschickte Präsentation aus dem Comicbestand einer Bibliothek ein attraktives Angebot machen. Dieser Artikel beschreibt den Umgang mit Comics in der Stadtbibliothek Köln.
Sind Fahrbüchereien sinnvolle und notwendige Einrichtungen oder lediglich ein unnötiger Kostenfaktor?
Authors: Düren Petra , Herzig Petra 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung:
Um die Relevanz von Fahrbüchereien in der Zukunft aufzuzeigen, werden zwei Befragungen ausgewertet. Zum einen die von Studierenden der Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (HAW) Hamburg durchgeführte Nutzerbefragung in den Fahrbüchereien in Schleswig-Holstein in 2013 und zum anderen die bundesweit durchgeführte „Fahrbibliotheksumfrage 2012“. Beide Studien zeigen die Relevanz von Fahrbüchereien in Deutschland, jedoch bedeutet dies nicht automatisch einen Erhalt aller Fahrbüchereien. Ein Beispiel, wie dies trotzdem gelingen kann, wird anhand der Fahrbücherei der Stadtbibliothek Flensburg aufgezeigt.
To Invite or Not to Invite a Lobby, That Is the Question
Authors: Gregor Martin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe study a game in which a lobby with verifiable private evidence discloses her evidence to a policy-maker if and only if she agrees to a transfer that is proposed by the policy-maker. This setting is motivated by the literature of pay-and-lobby politics, which finds that politicians schedule informative meetings with lobbyists on the basis of their campaign contributions. We admit both positive transfers (fees) and negative transfers (compensations), which implies not only that the policy-maker can commit to not listen but also that the lobby can commit to not talk. In a binary action space, we solve the game for all timings, prior beliefs, information structures, and valuation parameters. We identify the settings in which the policy-maker strategically discourages the lobby’s participation by announcing an unacceptable transfer. Whether ‘burying one’s head in the sand’ increases or decreases welfare depends on the degree of the policy-maker’s benevolence.
Expropriation and the Settlement of Investment Disputes: An Account of the Controversy between Repsol and Argentina
Authors: Laborías Alexis Rodrigo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe article analyzes the controversy between Argentina and the Spanish corporation Repsol, arisen from the expropriation in 2012 of the latter’s shares in the local oil company YPF. From the standpoint of the international law on foreign investment, two issues are considered. Firstly, whether this taking fulfilled the requirements acknowledged as international standard for a valid expropriation, as well as the conditions laid out in the Bilateral Investment Treaty between Argentina and Spain. Secondly, the shifting process of dispute settlement, represented as an interaction between negotiation and arbitration, which finally led to a mutually accepted agreement.
A microporous potassium vanadyl phosphate analogue of mahnertite: hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure
Authors: Yakubovich Olga V. , Steele Ian M. , Kiriukhina Galina V. , Dimitrova Olga V. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The novel phase K2.5Cu5Cl(PO4)4(OH)0.5(VO2)•H2O was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at 553 K. Its crystal structure was determined using low-temperature (100 K) single-crystal synchrotron diffraction data and refined against F
2 to R = 0.035. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I4/mmm, with unit-cell parameters a =9.8120(8), c = 19.954(1) Å, V = 1921.1(2) Å3, and Z = 4. Both symmetrically independent Cu2+ sites show elongated square-pyramidal coordination. The V5+ ions reside in strongly distorted five-vertex VO5 polyhedra with 50% occupancy. The structure is based on a 3D anionic framework built from Cu- and V-centered five-vertex polyhedra and PO4 tetrahedra. Channels in the [100] and [010] directions accommodate large K atoms and H2O molecules. The compound is a new structural representative of the topology shown by the lavendulan group of copper arsenate and phosphate minerals. Their tetragonal or pseudotetragonal crystal structures are characterized by two types of 2D slabs alternating along one axis of their unit cells. One slab, described by the formula [Cu4
X(TO4)4]∞ (where X = Cl, O and T = As, P), is common to all phases, whereas the slab content of the other set differs among the group members. We suggest interpreting this family of compounds in terms of the modular concept and also consider the synthetic phase Ba(VO)Cu4(PO4)4 as a simplest member of this polysomatic series.
Synthesis, supramolecular structure and thermal study of a new dinuclear zinc(II) complex derived from benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid
Authors: Karmakar Anirban , Hazra Susanta 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Reaction of benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (H4L) with Zn(II) salt in DMF/MeOH leads to the formation of the new (μ2-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylato-O,O′)-hexaaqua-dizinc(II)-dihydrate complex [Zn2L(H2O)6]·2H2O (1) (L = benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylate). Crystal structure analysis reveals that each tetracoordinated zinc(II) center adopts a distorted tetrahedral geometry occupied by one Ocarboxylate and three Owater atoms. A 3D supramolecular associate in the crystal lattice of 1 has been stabilized by a number of non-covalent interactions (O–H···O). Topology of the H-bonded 3D network has been also analyzed.
Influence of Compaction Energies on the Strength Characteristics of Lime-Treated Oil-Contaminated Lateritic Soil
Authors: Ijimdiya Thomas Stephen 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Used lubricating oil–contaminated soil was treated with up to 6 % lime content by dry weight of soil. Specimens of artificially contaminated and treated lateritic soil were compacted using two compaction energies, namely, standard proctor (SP) and West African standard (WAS) or “intermediate.” Samples were subjected to compaction and strength [unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR)] tests. The results of laboratory tests show that the strength characteristics of treated soil improved with higher compaction energy. The UCS values increased with increased compaction energy; for instance, for samples containing 2 %, 4 %, and 6 % oil content and treated with 2 % lime content, compacted with SP compaction energy, the UCS values obtained were: 446, 563, and 581 kN/m2. Whereas for samples containing the same mix compacted with WAS compaction energy, the UCS values obtained were: 607, 616, and 625 kN/m2. On the other hand, the peak unsoaked CBR values recorded for the same soil–oil–lime mixtures are 35 %, 27 %, and 19 % for samples compacted with SP energy and 40 %, 30 %, and 30 % for samples compacted with WAS compaction energy.
Accelerated Concrete-Cylinder Test for Alkali–Silica Reaction
Authors: Liu Kai-Wei , Mukhopadhyay Anol K. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The concrete-prism test (CPT, e.g., ASTM C1293-08b [ASTM C1293-08b: Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013]) has been considered as the best index for alkali–silica reaction (ASR) field performance, but alkali leaching and test duration are still of concern. Reduction of test duration by increasing testing temperature (e.g., 60°C) was proposed by several researchers to develop an accelerated version of the concrete-prism test (ACPT). However, it has been found that there is a significant reduction in expansion associated with more alkali leaching in the ACPT compared to the concrete-prism test (CPT). An accelerated concrete-cylinder test (ACCT) has been proposed in this study with no involvement of errors because of operation and temperature change along with arresting alkali leaching. The linear expansion of the ACCT measured at a temperature of 60°C over a period of 1 month have been correlated with the 1-yr ASTM C1293 test to evaluate the ASR reactivity of aggregates. Cylinders made with highly reactive borosilicate glass balls were tested first to validate the proposed approach before any concrete-cylinder testing. The results indicate that (1) an expansion limit of 0.04 % using 0.82 % Na2O equivalent (Na2Oe) cement without alkali boosting after a testing period of 28 days is proposed for the ACCT to diagnose ASR aggregate reactivity, and (2) the proposed method can serve as an alternative to validate the ASR-resistant mix design (e.g., fly-ash contents).
Evolutionary Consequences of DNA Methylation on the GC Content in Vertebrate Genomes
Authors: Mugal Carina F , Arndt Peter F , Holm Lena , Ellegren Hans 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The genomes of many vertebrates show a characteristic variation in GC content. To explain its origin and evolution, mainly three mechanisms have been proposed: selection for GC content, mutation bias, and GC-biased gene conversion. At present, the mechanism of GC-biased gene conversion, i.e., short-scale, unidirectional exchanges between homologous chromosomes in the neighborhood of recombination-initiating double-strand breaks in favor for GC nucleotides, is the most widely accepted hypothesis. We here suggest that DNA methylation also plays an important role in the evolution of GC content in vertebrate genomes. To test this hypothesis, we investigated one mammalian (human) and one avian (chicken) genome. We used bisulfite sequencing to generate a whole-genome methylation map of chicken sperm and made use of a publicly available whole-genome methylation map of human sperm. Inclusion of these methylation maps into a model of GC content evolution provided significant support for the impact of DNA methylation on the local equilibrium GC content. Moreover, two different estimates of equilibrium GC content, one that neglects and one that incorporates the impact of DNA methylation and the concomitant CpG hypermutability, give estimates that differ by approximately 15% in both genomes, arguing for a strong impact of DNA methylation on the evolution of GC content. Thus, our results put forward that previous estimates of equilibrium GC content, which neglect the hypermutability of CpG dinucleotides, need to be reevaluated.