bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color Stability Over Time of Three Resin‐Based Restorative Materials Stored Dry and in Artificial Saliva
Authors: Uchimura Joana Yumi Teruya , Sato Francielle , Bianchi Giselly , Baesso Mauro Luciano , Santana Rosângela Geritana , Pascotto Renata Corrêa 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the color match of different composite resins relative to Vitapan Classical shade guide tab and their respective manufacturers' shade guide tabs as a function of time and storage.Materials and MethodsThree enamel shade A2 composite resins were used to fabricate 36 disk‐shaped polymerized specimens (12 each), allocated into 2 groups of 6 and stored dry (GD) and in artificial saliva (GS). CIELAB coordinates from shade tabs and resin specimens immediately after polymerization (t0), and 24 hours (t1), 7 (t7), 14 (t14) and 21 (t21) days after polymerization were captured using a colorimeter. Color difference (ΔE00) between composite specimens and the reference tabs was calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. The results were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA, Tukey's HDS post‐hoc test, and Student t test (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsColor of the three tested composites relative to Vita and their respective tabs significantly changed as a function of time until t14; however, between t14 and t21, no significant differences were found. No differences in color were found relative to storage at t14 and t21. ΔE00 values of specimens at t14 were significantly higher relative to their respective tabs than to Vitapan tab.ConclusionsFor all brands color changed up to day 14, when it stabilized, regardless of whether composite specimens had been stored in artificial saliva or simply in a box. Vitapan tab presented a better color match than the manufacturers' tabs.Clinical SignificanceThe results found in this study demonstrated that the Vitapan Classical shade guide tab A2 provided a better color match than the respective shade guide tabs A2 supplied by the composite manufacturers. If custom shade tabs are to be made, however, they could be kept in a box and used as shade references from 14 days after being fabricated, when color stabilizes.
Color Recovery Effect of Commercial Mouth Rinses on a Discolored Composite
Authors: Harorlı Osman Tolga , Barutcigil Çağatay 
Published: June 2014

AbstractStatement of the ProblemSeveral mouth rinses promising whiter smiles are on the market today.PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro color recovery effects of six commercial mouth rinses on a stained universal composite resin.Materials and MethodsSixty composite resin specimens were prepared with a universal composite resin (Filtek Z250), and baseline Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*a*b* color coordinates were measured by spectrophotometry. Specimens were subjected to two cycles of staining with coffee and cherry juice for 2 weeks, followed by immersion into mouth rinses (Listerine Whitening Vibrant, Scope White, Crest 3D White, Signal White Now, Oral‐B 3D White, and Colgate Optic White). Changes in color coordinates were measured after staining and after 24‐ and 72‐hour immersion periods. Color alterations were calculated both by CIEDE2000 and CIELAB formulas. Data were submitted to analysis of variance for repeated measures and Tukey's multiple comparison test. (α = 0.05).ResultsImmersion in colorant beverages caused perceptible discolorations on composite resin samples (ΔE00 > 2.25 and ΔEab* > 3.46). Immersion period and mouth rinses were significant factors for the color recovery procedure (p < 0.001). The interaction between immersion time and WMR was also significant (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe color recovery of composite resin was affected by the brand of mouth rinse and the period of immersion.Clinical SignificanceThis in vitro study revealed that tested mouth rinses are capable of recovering discolored composite resin colors after a prolonged exposure period.
Gastrointestinal toxicity after vincristine or cyclophosphamide administered with or without maropitant in dogs: a prospective randomised controlled study
Authors: Mason S. L. , Grant I. A. , Elliott J. , Cripps P. , Blackwood L. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal toxicity in dogs receiving chemotherapy with vincristine and cyclophosphamide and the efficacy of maropitant citrate (Cerenia™, Zoetis) in reducing these events.MethodsDogs receiving chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide or vincristine were randomised to either receive maropitant or not in the period immediately after treatment and for 4 days afterwards. Owners completed a diary of adverse events following treatment.ResultsAdverse events occurred in 40/58 (69%) dogs in the vincristine group. Most of these adverse events were mild and included: lethargy (62%), appetite loss (43%), diarrhoea (34%) and vomiting (24%). Adverse events occurred in 34/42 (81%) dogs treated with cyclophosphamide. Most of these adverse events were mild and included: lethargy (62%), diarrhoea (36%), appetite loss (36%) and vomiting (21%). There was no difference in total clinical score, vomiting, diarrhoea, appetite loss or lethargy score between dogs treated with maropitant and non‐treated dogs in either the vincristine or cyclophosphamide groups.Clinical SignificanceChemotherapy‐related side effects are frequent but usually mild in dogs receiving vincristine or cyclophosphamide. Prophylactic administration of maropitant does not reduce the frequency of adverse events and maropitant should be administered only as required for individual cases.
Microbial contamination of domiciliary nebulisers and clinical implications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Jarvis S , Ind P W , Thomas C , Goonesekera S , Haffenden R , Abdolrasouli A , Fiorentino F , Shiner R J 
Published: June 2014

Background and purposeDomiciliary nebulisers are widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but nebuliser cleaning practice has not been assessed in patients with COPD who are often elderly and may have severe disease and multiple comorbidities. We aimed to evaluate microbial contamination of home nebulisers used by patients with COPD.MethodsRandom microbiological assessment of domiciliary nebulisers was undertaken together with an enquiry into cleaning practices. We also examined the effectiveness of the trust-wide cleaning instructions in eradicating isolated microorganisms in a laboratory setting.ResultsThe mean age of patients in this study was 71 (range 40–93) years, and in 68% of patients a large number of significant comorbidities were present. Forty-four nebuliser sets were obtained and 73% were contaminated with microorganisms at >100 colony forming units/plate. Potentially pathogenic bacteria colonised 13 of the 44 nebulisers (30%) and organisms isolated includedPseudomonas aeroginosa,Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug resistantSerratia marcesans,Escherichia coliand multiresistantKlebsiellaspp, Enterobacteriaceae and fungusFusarium oxysporum.Washing of nebuliser masks, chambers and mouthpieces achieved complete eradication of Gram-positive bacterial and fungal flora. Gram-negative organisms were incompletely eradicated, which may be attributed to the presence of biofilms. We also found that in patients with pathogenic organisms cultured on the nebuliser sets, there was a higher probability of occurrence of a COPD exacerbation with a mean number of exacerbations of 3.3 (SD=1) per year in the group in whom pathogens were isolated compared with 1.7 (SD=1.2) exacerbations per year in those whose sets grew non-pathogenic flora (p=0.02).ConclusionsNebulisers contaminated with microorganisms are potential reservoirs delivering serious pathogens to the lung. Relationships between nebuliser contamination, clinical infection and exacerbations require further examination, but is a potential concern in elderly patients with COPD with comorbidities who fail to effectively maintain reasonable standards of nebuliser cleanliness.
Eradication ofPseudomonas aeruginosain adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kenny S L , Shaw T D , Downey D G , Moore J E , Rendall J C , Elborn J S 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundEradication of new infection ofPseudomonas aeruginosais an important intervention in managing cystic fibrosis (CF). Previous trials, studying predominantly under 18-year-olds, indicate that antibiotic eradication therapy (AET) has success rates of 62.8–93.0%. In this retrospective cohort study, we report the outcomes of AET in an adult population.MethodsAdults with a confirmed diagnosis of CF and a first isolation ofP aeruginosawere studied between 1999 and 2012. Choice of therapy, time to eradication and reinfection, and lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)) were determined.Results20 patients (median age 27 years) isolatedP aeruginosaduring the study period. 10 patients were treated with oral ciprofloxacin (median duration 6 weeks) and nebulised colomycin (median duration 3 months). 7 patients were treated with intravenous antipseudomonal antibiotics (median duration 14 days). 2 patients received other combinations of oral and inhaled antipseudomonal therapy and one patient received no therapy. AET was successful in 15 cases who received antipseudomonal therapy (79%). The median time to eradication was 1 month. The median time to reinfection withP aeruginosawas 43 months. There was no significant change in FEV1after 12 months.ConclusionsAggressive AET of new infection ofP aeruginosain adults is successful in the majority of patients and has similar efficacy to the reported efficacy in paediatric populations.
Cross-Atlantic modification and validation of the A Tool to Assess Quality of Life in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (ATAQ-IPF-cA)
Authors: Yorke Janelle , Spencer Lisa G , Duck Annette , Ratcliffe Sarah , Kwong G NgMan , Longshaw Mark S , Belkin Amanda , Swigris Jeffrey J 
Published: June 2014

RationaleThe A Tool to Assess Quality of Life in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (ATAQ-IPF) was developed in the USA to assess health-related quality of life in patients with IPF. It is likely that some of the original ATAQ-IPF items perform differently when applied in different countries. This paper reports results of a study conducted to identify the need to refine the content of the ATAQ-IPF to minimise cross-country bias between the USA and the UK.MethodsThe ATAQ-IPF and other study measures were completed by patients attending specialist IPF clinics in the USA and UK. Rasch analysis was used to determine which items performed differently across countries (USA vs UK) and refine the original ATAQ-IPF to an instrument without cross-country bias (ATAQ-IPF-cA). Preliminary validation of the modified instrument was examined by assessing correlations between ATAQ-IPF-cA scores and scores from dyspnoea-specific patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures.Results139 patients with IPF (USA=74; UK=65) participated in the study. A total of 41 items and 4 domains were removed from the original, 86-item instrument to yield the 43 items and 10 domains of the ATAQ-IPF-cA. Each domain had good fit to the Rasch model, internal consistency was comparable to the corresponding domains for the original ATAQ-IPF, and validity was supported by significant correlations between its scores and scores from dyspnoea-specific PROs.ConclusionsThe reliability and validity of the substantially shortened ATAQ-IPF-cA are acceptable and comparable to the original instrument. We recommend use of the ATAQ-IPF-cA in IPF studies in which participants are enrolled from the USA and UK.
Identifying the challenges and facilitators of implementing a COPD care bundle
Authors: Lennox Laura , Green Stuart , Howe Cathy , Musgrave Hannah , Bell Derek , Elkin Sarah 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundCare bundles have been shown to improve outcomes, reduce hospital readmissions and reduce length of hospital stay; therefore increasing the speed of uptake and delivery of care bundles should be a priority in order to deliver more timely improvements and consistent high-quality care. Previous studies have detailed the difficulties of obtaining full compliance to bundle elements but few have described the underlying reasons for this. In order to improve future implementation this paper investigates the challenges encountered by clinical teams implementing a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) care bundle and describes actions taken to overcome these challenges.MethodsAn initial retrospective documentary analysis of data from seven clinical implementation teams was undertaken to review the challenges faced by the clinical teams. Three focus groups with healthcare professionals and managers explored solutions to these challenges developed during the project.ResultsDocumentary analysis identified 28 challenges which directly impacted implementation of the COPD care bundle within five themes; staffing, infrastructure, process, use of improvement methodology and patient and public involvement. Focus groups revealed that the five most significant challenges for all groups were:staff too busy,staff shortages,lack of staff engagement,added workload of the bundleandpatient coding issues. The participants shared facilitating factors used to overcome issues including: shifting perceptions to improve engagement, further education sessions to increase staff participation and gaining buy-in from managers through payment frameworks.ConclusionsMaximising the impact of a care bundle relies on its successful and timely implementation. Teams implementing the COPD care bundle encountered challenges that were common to all teams and sites. Understanding and learning from the challenges faced by previous endeavours and identifying the facilitators to overcoming these barriers provides an opportunity to mitigate issues that waste time and resources, and ensures that training can be tailored to the anticipated challenges.
A study of patients with isolated mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy undergoing EBUS-TBNA
Authors: Evison Matthew , Crosbie Philip A J , Morris Julie , Martin Julie , Barber Philip V , Booton Richard 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundIsolated mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy (IMHL) may be caused by benign and malignant disorders or be ‘reactive’. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has a reported low negative predictive value (NPV) in IMHL, necessitating mediastinoscopy in selected patients. The aim of this study was to examine the NPV of EBUS-TBNA in an IMHL population and determine whether clinical variables differentiate between pathological and reactive IMHL.MethodsAnalysis of a prospectively maintained database of consecutive patients with IMHL referred to a single UK centre for EBUS-TBNA.Results100 patients with IMHL had EBUS-TBNA during the study (March 2010–February 2013), mean age 58.6±15.7 years, 63% men, 70% white British and mean follow-up 16.8±8.6 months. Pathological cause of IMHL established in 52 patients (sarcoidosis n=20, tuberculosis n=18, carcinoma n=7, lymphoma n=6, benign cyst n=1), 43 from EBUS-TBNA. 48/57 negative EBUS-TBNA samples were true negatives reflecting reactive lymphadenopathy in 48%. The diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA was 91% and NPV was 84.2% (95% CI 72.6% to 91.5%). Multivariate analysis of clinical covariates showed age (odds ratio (OR) 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.13; p=0.033), the presence of a relevant comorbidity (OR 9.49, 95% CI 2.20 to 41.04; p=0.003) and maximum lymph node size (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.83; p=0.00004) to differentiate between reactive and pathological IMHL. Stratification of the study population according to comorbidity and maximum lymph node size (<20 mm) identified a low-risk cohort (n=32) where the NPV of EBUS-TBNA was 93.8% (95% CI 79.9% to 98.3%).ConclusionsReactive lymphadenopathy accounts for a significant proportion of patients with IMHL. In carefully selected patients with IMHL and a negative EBUS-TBNA, surveillance rather than further invasive sampling may be an appropriate strategy.
A new species of the genus Blaberops (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) <br />from east Madagascar, with a key to species
Authors: TRÝZNA MILOŠ , BAŇAŘ PETR 
Published: June 2014

A new species, Blaberops korinae Trýzna & Baňař sp. nov. (Anthribidae: Anthribinae: Zygaenodini), from east Madagascar is described. Colour photographs and a key to Madagascan species of the genus Blaberops are provided. Male and female genitalia of the genus are studied and illustrated for the first time.
Two-way partitioning of a recursive Gaussian filter in CUDA
Authors: Lee Chang Won , Ko Jaepil , Choe Tae-Young 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Recursive Gaussian filters are more efficient than basic Gaussian filters when its filter window size is large. Since the computation of a point should start after the computation of its neighborhood points, recursive Gaussian filters are line oriented. Thus, the degree of parallelism is restricted by the length of the data image. In order to increase the parallelism of recursive Gaussian filters, we propose a two-way partitioned recursive Gaussian filter. The proposed filter partitions a line into two lines and a point, which is used for Gaussian blur effect across the two lines. This partition increases the parallelism because the filter is applied to the two blocks in parallel. Experimental results show that the process time of the proposed filter is half compared to the time of an one-way parallel recursive Gaussian filter while the peak signal-to-noise ratio is maintained within an acceptable rate of 26 to 33 dB.
Dexrazoxane: a management option for anthracycline extravasations
Authors: Vidall Cheryl , Roe Helen , Dougherty Lisa , Harrold Karen 
Published: June 2014

Aims: This article reviews the efficacy and place in therapy of dexrazoxane (Savene®) for the treatment of anthracycline extravasation, highlighting the lack of inclusion of Savene in most UK cancer network and organisational treatment guidelines. Here we offer advice to nurses on making a case to ensure the availability of Savene. Key findings: In 2010, the UK National Extravasation Information Service (NEXIS) green card scheme reported that anthracyclines were the second most common agent involved in extravasations, but they carry the greatest risk to the patient because of their potentially serious consequences. Anthracycline extravasations therefore require prompt and effective treatment. Due to the infrequent occurrence of anthracycline extravasations, their accidental nature and ethical considerations, conducting randomised controlled clinical trials in this therapy area is not possible. As treatment decisions should always be made on patient-specific factors, health professionals need to demonstrate the rationale for choosing a particular course of action when presented with an anthracycline extravasation, especially when we are moving into an era of increased medical litigation. There are several possible treatment options, some of which require demonstrable local core competencies in order to be considered for a particular patient. Based on the available evidence, Savene—the only licensed antidote—is recommended as an effective management strategy for anthracycline extravasation and should be made available in all settings where chemotherapy is administered. However, a high percentage of nurses administering chemotherapy still do not have access to Savene, as it has not been included in their local guidelines for the management of extravasations. Thus, in a large part of the UK, this important treatment option is not available, leaving a significant unmet need (Figure 1). Conclusions: As nurses play a key role in the prevention, detection, and management of extravasations, they should also assume a key role in ensuring that their local protocols include all appropriate management strategies. Where appropriate, if Savene is not included in the treatment guidelines, nurses should feel empowered to encourage their trust and Specialist Commissioning Groups (SCGs) to make it available, and thus minimise the serious risks associated with anthracycline extravasations.
Financial Reforms and International Trade
Authors: Munasib Abdul , Roy Devesh , Chen Xing 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We provide evidence that financial reforms (over 1976–2005) significantly affected exports, in particular, of industries with higher external capital dependence and low asset tangibility. The coverage of reforms is comprehensive, encompassing the banking sector, interest rates, equity and international capital markets. Our methodology improves upon existing studies by controlling for time-varying unobserved exporter characteristics and unobserved country-specific industry characteristics. We find significant effects of various reforms with diverse impacts by intensity. Further, event studies that incorporate possible anticipated and lagged effects of commencement of reform policies confirm the findings.
On intermediate conformal nets
Authors: Xu Feng 
Published: June 2014

Abstract.

Motivated by our subfactor generalization of Wall's conjecture and interest about completely rational conformal nets in general, in
this paper we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between intermediate conformal nets in a pair of completely rational nets

𝒜
⊂
ℬ

$\mathcal {A}\subset \mathcal {B}$

with finite index and certain class of fusion rings.
As a consequence we show that our conjecture for the pair

𝒜
⊂
ℬ

$\mathcal {A}\subset \mathcal {B}$

is reduced to a conjecture about fusion rings, and our result also gives a method of enumerating all intermediate conformal nets.
Localizing the Elliott conjecture at strongly self-absorbing C*
-algebras
Authors: Winter Wilhelm 
Published: June 2014

Abstract.

We formally introduce the concept of localizing the Elliott conjecture at a given strongly self-absorbing C*
-algebra

𝒟

${\mathcal {D}}$

; we also explain how the known classification theorems for nuclear C*
-algebras fit into this concept. As a new result in this direction, we employ recent results of H. Lin to show that (under a mild K-theoretic condition) the class of separable, unital, simple C*
-algebras with locally finite decomposition rank and UCT, and for which projections separate traces, satisfies the Elliott conjecture localized at the Jiang–Su algebra

𝒵

$\mathcal {Z}$

.
Our main result is formulated in a more general way; this allows us to outline a strategy to possibly remove the trace space condition as well as the K-theory restriction entirely. When regarding both our result and the recent classification theorem of Elliott, Gong and Li as generalizations of the real rank zero case, the two approaches are perpendicular in a certain sense. The strategy to attack the general case aims at combining these two approaches.
Our classification theorem covers simple ASH algebras for which projections separate traces (and the K-groups of which have finitely generated torsion part); it does, however, not at all depend on an inductive limit structure. Also, in the monotracial case it does not rely on the existence or absence of projections in any way. In fact, it is the first such result which, in a natural way, covers all known unital, separable, simple, nuclear and stably finite C*
-algebras of real rank zero (the K-groups of which have finitely generated torsion part) as well as the (projectionless) Jiang–Su algebra itself.
Alternative method of interface traps passivation by introducing of thin silicon nitride layer at 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface
Authors: Mikhaylov Aleksey I. , Afanasyev Alexey V. , Luchinin Victor V. , Reshanov Sergey A. , Schöner Adolf 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAn alternative approach for reduction of interface traps density at 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface is proposed. Silicon nitride / silicon oxide stack was deposited on p-type 4H-SiC (0001) epilayers and subsequently over-oxidized. The electrical characterization of the interface was done by employing metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices, inversion-channel MOS devices and lateral MOS field effect transistors (MOSFETs).