bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallographic and structural characterization of heterometallic platinum compounds part IV: heterotetranuclear clusters
Authors: Melník Milan , Mikuš Peter , Holloway Clive 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This review includes over two hundred heterotetranuclear platinum clusters. The clusters are of the compositions Pt3M, Pt3M2, PtM3, Pt′2MM′, PtM2M′ and PtMM′M”. There are twenty five different M atoms (transition and non-transition) as a partner(s) of platinum. The four metal atoms are found in a tetrahedral, planar-rhombohedral, butterfly, spited-triangular, cubane, eight — and oligo-membered rings and a unique structures. There is wide variety of the ligands from uni to- undecadentate, with the most common P and C donor sites. The shortest Pt-M (transition) versus Pt-M (non-transition) bond distances are 2.4833(8)Å (M=Pd) vs. 2.4365(5)Å (Ge). Several relationships between the various structural parameters were found and are discussed.
Detecting codimension one manifold factors with the piecewise disjoint arc-disk property and related properties
Authors: Halverson Denise , Repovš Dušan 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We show that all finite-dimensional resolvable generalized manifolds with the piecewise disjoint arc-disk property are codimension one manifold factors. We then show how the piecewise disjoint arc-disk property and other general position properties that detect codimension one manifold factors are related. We also note that in every example presently known to the authors of a codimension one manifold factor of dimension n ≥ 4 determined by general position properties, the piecewise disjoint arc-disk property is satisfied.
Skeletally Dugundji spaces
Authors: Kucharski Andrzej , Plewik Szymon , Valov Vesko 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We introduce and investigate the class of skeletally Dugundji spaces as a skeletal analogue of Dugundji space. Our main result states that the following conditions are equivalent for a given space X: (i) X is skeletally Dugundji; (ii) every compactification of X is co-absolute to a Dugundji space; (iii) every C*-embedding of the absolute p(X) in another space is strongly π-regular; (iv) X has a multiplicative lattice in the sense of Shchepin [Shchepin E.V., Topology of limit spaces with uncountable inverse spectra, Uspekhi Mat. Nauk, 1976, 31(5), 191–226 (in Russian)] consisting of skeletal maps.
Kernels of representations of Drinfeld doubles of finite groups
Authors: Burciu Sebastian 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
A description of the commutator of a normal subcategory of the fusion category of representation Rep A of a semisimple Hopf algebra A is given. Formulae for the kernels of representations of Drinfeld doubles D(G) of finite groups G are presented. It is shown that all these kernels are normal Hopf subalgebras.
A new periodicity concept for time scales
Authors: Adivar Murat 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
By means of the shift operators we introduce a new periodicity concept on time scales. This new approach will enable researchers to investigate periodicity notion on a large class of time scales whose members may not satisfy the condition there exists a P > 0 such that $$t \pm P \in \mathbb{T}$$ for all $$t \in \mathbb{T}$$, which is being currently used. Therefore, the results of this paper open an avenue for the investigation of periodic solutions of q-difference equations and more.
Infinite families of recursive formulas generating power moments of Kloosterman sums: O
−(2n,2r) case
Authors: Kim Dae 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we construct eight infinite families of binary linear codes associated with double cosets with respect to a certain maximal parabolic subgroup of the special orthogonal group SO
−(2n, 2r). And we obtain four infinite families of recursive formulas for the power moments of Kloosterman sums and four those of 2-dimensional Kloosterman sums in terms of the frequencies of weights in the codes. This is done via Pless power moment identity and by utilizing the explicit expressions of exponential sums over those double cosets related to the evaluations of “Gauss sums” for the orthogonal groups O
−(2n, 2r).
On the measurability of functions with quasi-continuous and upper semi-continuous vertical sections
Authors: Grande Zbigniew 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Let f: ℝ2 → ℝ be a function with upper semicontinuous and quasi-continuous vertical sections f
x(t) = f(x, t), t, x ∈ ℝ. It is proved that if the horizontal sections f
y(t) = f(t, y), y, t ∈ ℝ, are of Baire class α (resp. Lebesgue measurable) [resp. with the Baire property] then f is of Baire class α + 2 (resp. Lebesgue measurable and sup-measurable) [resp. has Baire property].
Λ-strongly summable sequence spaces in n-normed spaces defined by ideal convergence and an Orlicz function
Authors: Esi Ayhan , Kemal Özdemir M. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In this paper we introduce some certain new sequence spaces via ideal convergence, λ-sequence and an Orlicz function in n-normed spaces and study different properties of these spaces and also establish some inclusion results among them.
Some paranormed Euler sequence spaces of difference sequences of order m
Authors: Karakaya Vatan , Savas Ekrem , Polat Harun 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The main purpose of this work is to extend the sequence spaces which are defined in [KARAKAYA, V.—POLAT, H.: Some new paranormed sequence spaces defined by Euler and difference operators, Acta Sci. Math. (Szeged) 76 (2010), 87–100] and [POLAT, H.—BASAR, F.: Some Euler spaces of difference sequences of order m, Acta Math. Sci. Ser. B Engl. Ed. 27 (2007), 254–266] by using difference operator of order m, and to give their alpha, beta and gamma duals. Furthermore, we characterize some classes of the related matrix transformations.
Every set is “symmetric” for some function
Authors: Nowik Andrzej , Szyszkowski Marcin 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Let 〈h
n〉 denote a sequence of positive real numbers. We show that for every set A ⊆ ℝ there exists a function f: ℝ → ω such that A = {x ∈ ℝ: (∈〈h
n〉)[h
n ↘ 0 & (∀n ∈ ℕ)(f(x − h
n) = f(x + h
n) = f(x))]}. This solves a problem of K. Ciesielski, K. Muthuvel and A. Nowik.
Lexical Aspects of Very Advanced L2 French
Authors: Lundell Fanny Forsberg , Lindqvist Christina 
Published: August 2013

Abstract: The present study investigates the possibilities for adult learners to attain nativelikeness in the domain of lexis. Aspects investigated are general lexical knowledge (C-test), receptive deep knowledge, productive collocation knowledge, and productive lexico-pragmatic knowledge in a group of long-residency Swedish French second language (L2) users in France and a matched native control group. The analysis includes correlations between these different vocabulary aspects as well as their relation to the length of residence in the target-language (TL) community. The study reveals that it is possible for L2 learners to attain nativelikeness in general lexical knowledge and lexico-pragmatic knowledge, whereas deep knowledge and collocations are especially difficult for L2 learners, supporting earlier research findings. Furthermore, a strong correlation is found between general lexical knowledge and collocations, but surprisingly not between any of the other aspects, or between vocabulary aspects and length of residence. The results are discussed in light of individual differences in research.
Radiographic and clinical outcome after 1- and 2-level transsacral axial interbody fusion
Authors: Hofstetter Christoph P. , Shin Benjamin , Tsiouris Apostolos John , Elowitz Eric , Härtl Roger 
Published: August 2013

Object
The paracoccygeal approach allows for instrumentation of L5/S1 and L4/5 by using a transsacral rod (AxiaLIF; TransS1, Inc.). The authors analyzed clinical and radiographic outcomes of 1- or 2-level AxiaLIF procedures with focus on durability of the construct.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of 38 consecutive patients who underwent either 1-level (32 patients) or 2-level (6 patients) AxiaLIF procedures at the authors' institution. The Oswestry Disability Index (minimum clinically important difference [MCID] ≥ 12) and visual analog scale ([VAS]; MCID ≥ 3) scores were collected. Disc height and Cobb angles were measured on pre- and postoperative radiographs. Bony fusion was determined on CT scans or flexion/extension radiographs.

Results
Implantation of a transsacral rod allowed for intraoperative distraction of the L5/S1 intervertebral space and resulted in increased segmental lordosis postoperatively. At a mean follow-up time of 26.2 ± 2.4 months, however, graft subsidence (1.9 mm) abolished partial correction of segmental lordosis. Moreover, subsidence of the construct reduced L5/S1 lordosis in patients with 1-level AxiaLIF by 3.2° and L4–S1 lordosis in patients with 2-level procedures by 10.1° compared with preoperative values (p < 0.01). Loss of segmental lordosis predicted failure to improve VAS scores for back pain in the patient cohort (p < 0.05). Overall, surgical intervention led to modest symptomatic improvement; only 26.3% of patients achieved an MCID of the Oswestry Disability Index and 50% of patients an MCID of the VAS score for back pain. At last follow-up, 71.9% of L5/S1 levels demonstrated bony fusion (1-level AxiaLIF 80.8%, 2-level AxiaLIF 33.3%; p < 0.05), whereas none of the L4/5 levels in 2-level AxiaLIF fused. Five constructs developed pseudarthrosis and required surgical revision.

Conclusions
The AxiaLIF procedure constitutes a minimally invasive technique for L5/S1 instrumentation, with low perioperative morbidity. However, the axial rod provides inadequate long-term anterior column support, which leads to subsidence and loss of segmental lordosis. Modification of the transsacral technique to allow for placement of a solid interposition graft may counteract subsidence of the construct.
Low-dose head computed tomography in children: a single institutional experience in pediatric radiation risk reduction
Authors: Morton Ryan P. , Reynolds Renee M. , Ramakrishna Rohan , Levitt Michael R. , Hopper Richard A. , Lee Amy , Browd Samuel R. 
Published: August 2013

Object
In this study, the authors describe their experience with a low-dose head CT protocol for a preselected neurosurgical population at a dedicated pediatric hospital (Seattle Children's Hospital), the largest number of patients with this protocol reported to date.

Methods
All low-dose head CT scans between October 2011 and November 2012 were reviewed. Two different low-dose radiation dosages were used, at one-half or one-quarter the dose of a standard head CT scan, based on patient characteristics agreed upon by the neurosurgery and radiology departments. Patient information was also recorded, including diagnosis and indication for CT scan.

Results
Six hundred twenty-four low-dose head CT procedures were performed within the 12-month study period. Although indications for the CT scans varied, the most common reason was to evaluate the ventricles and catheter placement in hydrocephalic patients with shunts (70%), followed by postoperative craniosynostosis imaging (12%). These scans provided adequate diagnostic imaging, and no patient required a follow-up full-dose CT scan as a result of poor image quality on a low-dose CT scan. Overall physician comfort and satisfaction with interpretation of the images was high. An additional 2150 full-dose head CT scans were performed during the same 12-month time period, making the total number of CT scans 2774. This value compares to 3730 full-dose head CT scans obtained during the year prior to the study when low-dose CT and rapid-sequence MRI was not a reliable option at Seattle Children's Hospital. Thus, over a 1-year period, 22% of the total CT scans were able to be converted to low-dose scans, and full-dose CT scans were able to be reduced by 42%.

Conclusions
The implementation of a low-dose head CT protocol substantially reduced the amount of ionizing radiation exposure in a preselected population of pediatric neurosurgical patients. Image quality and diagnostic utility were not significantly compromised.
Amniotic fluid and serum biomarkers from women with neural tube defect–affected pregnancies: a case study for myelomeningocele and anencephaly
Authors: Tsurubuchi Takao , Ichi Shunsuke , Shim Kyu-won , Norkett William , Allender Elise , Mania-Farnell Barbara , Tomita Tadanori , McLone David G. , Ginsberg Norman , Mayanil C. Shekhar 
Published: August 2013

Object
The authors sought to identify novel biomarkers for early detection of neural tube defects (NTDs) in human fetuses.

Methods
Amniotic fluid and serum were drawn from women in the second trimester of pregnancy. The study group included 2 women pregnant with normal fetuses and 4 with fetuses displaying myelomeningocele (n = 1), anencephaly (n = 1), holoprosencephaly (n = 1), or encephalocele (n = 1). Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) were isolated and cultured. The cells were immunostained for the stem cell markers Oct4, CD133, and Sox2; the epigenetic biomarkers H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K27me2, H3K27me3, H3K9Ac, and H3K18Ac; and the histone modifiers KDM6B (a histone H3K27 demethylase) and Gcn5 (a histone acetyltransferase). The levels of 2 markers for neural tube development, bone morphogenetic protein–4 (BMP4) and sonic hedgehog (Shh), were measured in amniotic fluid and serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
The AFSCs from the woman pregnant with a fetus affected by myelomeningocele had higher levels of H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K27me2, and H3K27me3 and lower levels of KDM6B than the AFSCs from the women with healthy fetuses. The levels of H3K9ac, H3K18ac, and Gcn5 were also decreased in the woman with the fetus exhibiting myelomeningocele. In AFSCs from the woman carrying an anencephalic fetus, levels of H3K27me3, along with those of H3K9Ac, H3K18ac, and Gcn5, were increased, while that of KDM6B was decreased. Compared with the normal controls, the levels of BMP4 in amniotic fluid and serum from the woman with a fetus with myelomeningocele were increased, whereas levels of Shh were increased in the woman pregnant with a fetus displaying anencephaly.

Conclusions
The levels of epigenetic marks, such as H3K4me, H3K27me3, H3K9Ac, and H3K18A, in cultured AFSCs in combination with levels of key developmental proteins, such as BMP4 and Shh, are potential biomarkers for early detection and identification of NTDs in amniotic fluid and maternal serum.
Resection of supratentorial lobar cavernous malformations in children
Authors: Gross Bradley A. , Smith Edward R. , Goumnerova Liliana , Proctor Mark R. , Madsen Joseph R. , Scott R. Michael 
Published: August 2013

Object
The authors present a series of children with supratentorial lobar cavernous malformations (CMs). Current imaging and operative techniques along with long-term follow-up were incorporated to characterize the response to surgical treatment in this pediatric population.

Methods
The senior author's operative experience was reviewed retrospectively along with a review of the Boston Children's Hospital database from 1997 to 2011 for children with supratentorial lobar CMs. Lobar CM was defined as having a supratentorial location but not involving the thalamus/hypothalamus or basal ganglia. Baseline patient demographics, pertinent radiographic findings, operative outcomes, and long-term results were evaluated and compared between patients managed operatively and those who were managed nonoperatively.

Results
Of 238 CMs identified, 181 (76%) were lobar. Compared with patients managed with observation only, those selected for surgery were older (p = 0.03), more likely to have symptomatic lesions (p < 0.001), and had larger lesions (p < 0.001). Of the 83 CMs selected for surgery, 98% were completely resected. Over a total of 384.5 patient-years of follow-up after surgery (mean 4.6 years; median 2.7 years; range 0.1–22.3 years), there were no subsequent hemorrhages in any patient undergoing complete resection; 1 of the 2 incompletely resected lesions rebled during the follow-up period. Radiographically, there was 1 recurrence (1.2%) in a child with multiple CMs; there were no recurrences of completely resected single lesions. Of the 48 patients who presented with seizures (acute or chronic), 46 (96%) were seizure free at follow-up. The permanent neurological complication rate of surgery was 5%; these complications were limited to those patients whose lesions were in eloquent locations.

Conclusions
Pediatric patients with symptomatic supratentorial lobar CMs are ideal candidates for surgery, for which there are high complete resection rates, rewarding long-term seizure outcomes, and low operative morbidity. Observation may be warranted in smaller asymptomatic lesions located within eloquent cortex.
Concurrence entre établissements et choix de l'école : les personnels de direction mis à l'épreuve ?
Authors: Combaz Gilles 
Published: August 2013

Parmi les transformations récentes qui ont affecté le fonctionnement des systèmes éducatifs de la plupart des pays occidentaux, le choix de l’école par les familles et la concurrence entre les établissements représentent deux dimensions importantes. En France, des mesures ont été prises en 2007 pour étendre la liberté de choix des familles. Ceci a contribué indirectement à mettre en concurrence les établissements par le biais des caractéristiques sociales des élèves qu’ils étaient susceptibles d’attirer. Les personnels de direction sont directement concernés par ces phénomènes. Prenant appui sur une enquête nationale réalisée auprès 332 personnes et sur une vingtaine d’entretiens, l’article montre que cette évolution met à l’épreuve leur loyauté. Confrontés à une pluralité de logiques contradictoires, ils éprouvent des difficultés à construire les compromis nécessaires pour garantir l’intérêt général de l’établissement.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D–Mediated Blockade of Regulatory T Cells within Tumors Is Induced by Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Udagawa Takeshi , Narumi Kenta , Suzuki Koji , Aida Kouichirou , Miyakawa Reina , Ikarashi Yoshinori , Makimoto Atsushi , Chikaraishi Tatsuya , Yoshida Teruhiko , Aoki Kazunori 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLymphopenia-induced homeostatic proliferation of T cells after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) skews the T cell repertoire by engaging tumor-associated Ags, leading to an induction of antitumor immunity. However, how HSCT alters the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the tumors is unknown. In this study, we first analyzed the kinetics of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumors after syngeneic HSCT. Unexpectedly, the frequency of CD4+ cells expressing Foxp3 was increased in the spleens, whereas the frequency was clearly decreased in the tumors after HSCT. The origin of reconstituted CD4+ and Foxp3+ cells in the tumors was mainly from the expansion of transferred splenic T cells. Then, to examine the mechanism of Treg suppression after HSCT, we isolated CD11c+ cells from tumors. A large amount of Treg-inhibitory cytokine IL-6 was secreted from the CD11c+ cells in the tumors, but not in the spleens in the recipient mice. Furthermore, to understand what factor affects the activity of CD11c+ cells in the tumors after HSCT, we analyzed the expression of various cytokines/chemokines with mouse cytokine Ab arrays, and noticed that VEGF-D concentration was increased in the tumors in the early period after HSCT. The CD11c+ cells produced IL-6 in response to VEGF-D stimulation, and an administration of VEGF receptor-3 neutralizing Ab significantly suppressed the production of IL-6 from CD11c+ cells accompanied with the increase of Tregs in the tumors of HSCT recipients. Autologous HSCT creates an environment that strongly supports the enhancement of antitumor immunity in reconstituted lymphopenic recipients through the suppression of Tregs.
Phosphatase Wip1 Is Essential for the Maturation and Homeostasis of Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells in Mice
Authors: Sun Lina , Li Hongran , Luo Haiying , Zhang Lianjun , Hu Xuelian , Yang Tao , Sun Chenming , Chen Hui , Zhang Lianfeng , Zhao Yong 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are a key cell type in the thymic microenvironment essential for T cell development. However, intrinsic molecular mechanisms controlling TEC differentiation and activities are poorly defined. In this study, we found that deficiency of p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) in mice selectively caused severe medullary TEC (mTEC) maturation defects in an intrinsic manner. Wip1 knockout (KO) mice had decreased mature epithelial cell adhesion molecule+Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-1)+ mTECs, including UEA-1+MHC class IIhigh, UEA-1+CD80+, UEA-1+CD40+, and UEA-1+Aire+ cells, but not decreased numbers of cortical epithelial cell adhesion molecule+BP-1+ TECs, in the postnatal stage but not in the fetal stage. Wip1-deficient mTECs express fewer tissue-restricted Ags and UEA-1+involucrin+ terminal-differentiated cells. Animal models, including grafting fetal Wip1-deficient thymic tissue into T cell–deficient nude mice and reconstitution of lethally irradiated Wip1KO mouse recipients with wild-type bone marrow cells, also showed the impaired mTEC components in Wip1KO thymi, indicating the intrinsic regulatory role of Wip1 in mTEC maturation. Furthermore, thymus regeneration was significantly less efficient in adult Wip1KO mice than in wild-type mice after cyclophosphamide treatment. Wip1 deficiency resulted in elevated p38 MAPK activity in mTECs. Activated p38 MAPK has the ability to suppress CD40 expression on mTECs. Wip1-deficient thymi displayed poor response to CD40L in the fetal thymus organ culture system. Thus, Wip1 positively controls mTEC maturation, homeostasis, and regeneration through limiting the p38 MAPK pathway.
Guanine Modification of Inhibitory Oligonucleotides Potentiates Their Suppressive Function
Authors: Römmler Franziska , Jurk Marion , Uhlmann Eugen , Hammel Monika , Waldhuber Anna , Pfeiffer Lavinia , Wagner Hermann , Vollmer Jörg , Miethke Thomas 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Inhibitory TLR7 and/or TLR9 oligonucleotides (inhibitory oligonucleotide [INH-ODN]) are characterized by a phosphorothioate backbone and a CC(T)XXX3–5GGG motif, respectively. INH-ODN 2088 is a prototypic member of this class of INH-ODN and acts as a TLR7 and TLR9 antagonist. It contains a G quadruple that leads to higher order structures by the formation of G tetrads. These structures are unfavorable for the prediction of their pharmacological and immunological behavior. We show in this study that modification of Gs within the G quadruple by 7-deaza-guanine or 7-deaza-2′-O-methyl-guanine avoids higher order structures and improves their inhibitory potential. Whereas TLR9-induced TNF-α secretion of bone marrow–derived macrophages and conventional dendritic cells was equally inhibited by INH-ODN 2088 and G-modified INH-ODNs such as INH-ODN 24888, TLR7-induced TNF-α release and TLR7- and TLR9-induced IL-12p40 release were significantly more impaired by G-modified INH-ODNs. Similarly, the IL-6 release of B cells from wild-type and autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice was more efficiently impaired by G-modified INH-ODNs. Surprisingly, INH-ODN 2088 stimulated B cells to proliferate when used in higher doses. Finally, in vivo, in wild-type and autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice, G-modified INH-ODN 24888 was significantly more efficient than unmodified INH-ODN 2088. In summary, G modification allows the development of INH-ODNs with superior inhibitory potency for inflammatory diseases with high medical need such as systemic lupus erythematosus.