bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Use of Upper Abdominal Procedures in Sweden 1998–2011: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Sundbom Magnus , Hedberg Jakob 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundSurgical care is constantly developing as demographic shifts occur and indications change when new techniques are introduced. The purpose of this study was to describe trends of in‐hospital upper abdominal procedures in Sweden during 1998–2011.MethodsData were collected from the National Patient Register containing annual number of procedures and procedures per 100,000 inhabitants. Comparisons were made between the first 3 years (1998–2000) and last 3 years (2009–2011). High‐volume procedures and resectional surgery were studied in particular.ResultsDuring the study period, a total of 435,394 upper abdominal procedures were performed in 318,991 individuals. The number of procedures increased 44.9 % between the early and late period. Bariatric surgery increased almost sixfold, with a substantial increase in laparoscopic gastric bypass to 58.2/100,000/year. The most common operation was cholecystectomy, 144.9/100,000/year. Liver resections tripled and, in total, major resectional surgery, performed on the esophagus, stomach, liver, and pancreas, increased by 36.3 %. Per 100,000 adult inhabitants and year, resections of the esophagus was performed in 2.3 patients, stomach in 5.9, liver in 9.0, and pancreas in 5.7, in late time period. An increase in all types of endoscopic work was observed.ConclusionsIn total, the number of upper abdominal procedures performed per inhabitant increased. Laparoscopic gastric bypass increased substantially and became the second most common procedure after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. An increase in resectional surgery was observed.
Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring Can Reduce Prevalence of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury in Thyroid Reoperations: Results of a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Barczyński Marcin , Konturek Aleksander , Pragacz Krzysztof , Papier Aleksandra , Stopa Małgorzata , Nowak Wojciech 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is higher in repeat than in primary thyroid operations. The use of intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) as an aid in dissection of the scar tissue is believed to minimize the risk of nerve injury. The aim of this study was to examine whether the use of IONM in thyroid reoperations can reduce the prevalence of RLN injury.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent thyroid reoperations with IONM versus with RLN visualization, but without IONM. The database of thyroid surgery was searched for eligible patients (treated in the years 1993–2012). The primary outcomes were transient and permanent RLN injury. Laryngoscopy was used to evaluate and follow RLN injury.ResultsThe study group comprised 854 patients (139 men, 715 women) operated for recurrent goiter (n = 576), recurrent hyperthyroidism (n = 36), completion thyroidectomy for cancer (n = 194) or recurrent thyroid cancer (n = 48), including 472 bilateral and 382 unilateral reoperations; 1,326 nerves at risk (NAR). A group of 306 patients (500 NAR) underwent reoperations with IONM and 548 patients (826 NAR) had reoperations with RLN visualization, but without IONM. Transient and permanent RLN injuries were found respectively in 13 (2.6 %) and seven (1.4 %) nerves with IONM versus 52 (6.3 %) and 20 (2.4 %) nerves without IONM (p = 0.003 and p = 0.202, respectively).ConclusionsIONM decreased the incidence of transient RLN paresis in repeat thyroid operations compared with nerve visualization alone. The prevalence of permanent RLN injury tended to be lower in thyroid reoperations with IONM, but statistical validation of the observed differences requires a sample size of 920 NAR per arm.
Patterns of Failure and Determinants of Outcomes Following Radical Re‐resection for Incidental Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Barreto Savio George , Pawar Satish , Shah Sanket , Talole Sanjay , Goel Mahesh , Shrikhande Shailesh V. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundBetter appreciation of the course and factors that influence incidental gallbladder cancer is needed to develop treatment strategies aimed at improved outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine pattern of disease recurrence and influencing factors in patients undergoing radical re‐resection for incidental gallbladder cancer.MethodsPatients undergoing radical re‐resection from February 2003 to May 2010 were analyzed. Influence of variables (lymph node ratio, ASA grade, gender, adjuvant treatment, time interval between cholecystectomy and radical re‐resection (in months), and TNM stage) on disease‐free survival was assessed.ResultsOf 163 patients, 127 (92 female and 35 male patients; median age 50 years) underwent successful radical re‐resection. Median duration between two surgeries was 2 months (range 1–10). Twenty‐five percent of patients with pT1b disease had lymph node metastases. Two‐year disease‐free survival rate was 79.6 % (median follow‐up, 16 months). On follow‐up, 18 of 24 patients developed recurrences at distant sites. Lymph node metastasis was the single variable significantly influencing disease‐free survival. Adjusting for disease stage when analyzing time interval between cholecystectomy and radical re‐resection on a continuous scale as a prognostic factor for recurrence revealed no significant impact of increasing interval between surgeries (hazard ratio 1.12; 95 % confidence interval 0.95–1.34; p = 0.17).ConclusionsThe most important predictor of disease recurrence is lymph node metastases. In patients who undergo curative radical re‐resection for incidental gallbladder cancer, recurrent disease is more likely to occur at distant sites. Patients with pT1b disease should be offered radical re‐resection with a radical lymphadenectomy. It is not the delay in revision surgery but TNM stage that influences outcomes in incidental gallbladder cancer.
The Use of Bone Cement in Difficult Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Neral Mithun , Solari Mario , Purnell Chad , Wollstein Ronit 
Published: October 2013

Background he lack of structural support remains a challenge in the treatment of comminuted distal radius fractures. Calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate bone cement has been used in other fracture locations in addition to fixation and has been shown to allow for retention of reduction in difficult cases. Methods A case-control retrospective review of 34 consecutive distal radius fractures treated with surgery was performed with the patients classified by Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification. Complications and postoperative radiographs were evaluated. Results Cement was used in the most difficult cases. Radial height was retained in both groups. Volar tilt was significantly better in the cement group. There were no significant differences between the case and control groups for any complication. No complications related to the use of the cement were found. Conclusions The use of bone cement as an adjunct to fixation of distal radius fractures seems to include minimal risks and may afford a technical advantage in maintaining reduction during surgery for difficult fractures. Since there is an aspect of fracture difficulty that we cannot control for by using radiographic assessment alone, cement may provide an advantage over fixation without cement, despite similar outcomes. Bone cement can be part of the “tool box” for difficult distal radius fractures. Further study is necessary to define the technical advantages and limitations of each particular cement product.
The Functions of MicroRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Jia Wenwen , Chen Wen , Kang Jiuhong 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold immense promise for regenerative medicine due to their abilities to self-renew and to differentiate into all cell types. This unique property is controlled by a complex interplay between transcriptional factors and epigenetic regulators. Recent research indicates that the epigenetic role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is an integral component of this regulatory network. This report will summarize findings that focus on two classes of regulatory ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), in the induction, maintenance and directed differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs. Manipulating these two important types of ncRNAs would be crucial to unlock the therapeutic and research potential of pluripotent stem cells.
Functional lacrimal gland regeneration by transplantation of a bioengineered organ germ
Authors: Hirayama Masatoshi , Ogawa Miho , Oshima Masamitsu , Sekine Yurie , Ishida Kentaro , Yamashita Kentaro , Ikeda Kazutaka , Shimmura Shigeto , Kawakita Tetsuya , Tsubota Kazuo , Tsuji Takashi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe lacrimal gland has a multifaceted role in maintaining a homeostatic microenvironment for a healthy ocular surface via tear secretion. Dry-eye disease, which is caused by lacrimal gland dysfunction, is one of the most prevalent eye diseases that cause corneal epithelial damage and results in significant loss of vision and a reduction in the quality of life. Here we demonstrate orthotopic transplantation of bioengineered lacrimal gland germs into adult mice with an extra-orbital lacrimal gland defect, a mouse model that mimics the corneal epithelial damage caused by lacrimal gland dysfunction. The bioengineered lacrimal gland germs and harderian gland germs both developin vivoand achieve sufficient physiological functionality, including tear production in response to nervous stimulation and ocular surface protection. This study demonstrates the potential for bioengineered organ replacement to functionally restore the lacrimal gland.
Essential role of stress hormone signaling in cardiomyocytes for the prevention of heart disease
Authors: Oakley Robert H. , Ren Rongqin , Cruz-Topete Diana , Bird Gary S. , Myers Page H. , Boyle Michael C. , Schneider Michael D. , Willis Monte S. , Cidlowski John A. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Stress is increasingly associated with heart disease. Glucocorticoids are primary stress hormones, yet their direct role in the heart is poorly understood. Mice lacking the glucocorticoid receptor specifically in cardiomyocytes die prematurely from heart failure. The deficiency in glucocorticoid signaling leads to the aberrant regulation of a large cohort of genes strongly associated with both cardiovascular and inflammatory disease processes. These findings reveal an obligate role for cardiomyocyte glucocorticoid receptors in maintaining normal heart function and define a paradigm for stress in cardiovascular disease.
Source of the great A.D. 1257 mystery eruption unveiled, Samalas volcano, Rinjani Volcanic Complex, Indonesia
Authors: Lavigne Franck , Degeai Jean-Philippe , Komorowski Jean-Christophe , Guillet Sébastien , Robert Vincent , Lahitte Pierre , Oppenheimer Clive , Stoffel Markus , Vidal Céline M. , Surono  , Pratomo Indyo , Wassmer Patrick , Hajdas Irka , Hadmoko Danang Sri , de Belizal Edouard 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceBased on ice core archives of sulfate and tephra deposition, one of the largest volcanic eruptions of the historic period and of the past 7,000 y occurred in A.D. 1257. However the source of this “mystery eruption” remained unknown. Drawing on a robust body of new evidence from radiocarbon dates, tephra geochemistry, stratigraphic data, a medieval chronicle, this study argues that the source of this eruption is Samalas volcano, part of the Mount Rinjani Volcanic Complex on Lombok Island, Indonesia. These results solve a conundrum that has puzzled glaciologists, volcanologists, and climatologists for more than three decades. In addition, the identification of this volcano gives rise to the existence of a forgotten Pompeii in the Far East.
The LIM homeobox geneIsl1is required for the correct development of the striatonigral pathway in the mouse
Authors: Ehrman Lisa A. , Mu Xiuqian , Waclaw Ronald R. , Yoshida Yutaka , Vorhees Charles V. , Klein William H. , Campbell Kenneth 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceThe basal ganglia process cortical information that controls purposeful movements and appropriate behavior via the striatopallidal and striatonigral pathways. Despite their importance, little is known about the developmental mechanisms that control the formation of these pathways. We show here that telencephalic progenitors expressing the transcription factor Islet1 give rise to striatonigral neurons and that this factor is required for normal development of the striatonigral pathway. Moreover, Islet1 mouse mutants exhibit hyperactivity and a paradoxical response to psychostimulants. Given that the underlying causes of basal ganglia disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are unknown, these findings may implicate possible alterations in neural circuitry.
Graphene quantum point contact transistor for DNA sensing
Authors: Girdhar Anuj , Sathe Chaitanya , Schulten Klaus , Leburton Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Rapidly sequencing the human genome in a cost-effective manner will revolutionize modern medicine. This article describes a unique paradigm for sensing DNA molecules by threading them through an electrically active solid-state nanopore device containing a constricted graphene layer. We show that the electrical sensitivity of the graphene layer can be easily tuned by both shaping its geometry and modulating its conductance by means of an electric gate integrated in the membrane.
Translation of pre-spliced RNAs in the nuclear compartment generates peptides for the MHC class I pathway
Authors: Apcher Sébastien , Millot Guy , Daskalogianni Chrysoula , Scherl Alexander , Manoury Bénédicte , Fåhraeus Robin 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation pathway allows the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self. Despite extensive research on the processing of antigenic peptides, little is still known about their origin. We recently proposed that a unique class of peptides, termed pioneer translation products (PTPs), is produced during the pioneer rounds of mRNA translation and provides the major source of antigenic peptide substrates for direct presentation to the MHC class I pathway. Here we show that a major portion of the substrates for the MHC class I pathway is synthesized during the early steps of mRNA maturation via a noncanonical translation mechanism within the nucleus and before introns are spliced out.
Stratospheric water vapor feedback
Authors: Dessler A. E. , Schoeberl M. R. , Wang T. , Davis S. M. , Rosenlof K. H. 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceWe show observational evidence for a stratospheric water vapor feedback—a warmer climate increases stratospheric water vapor, and because stratospheric water vapor is itself a greenhouse gas, this leads to further warming. An estimate of its magnitude from a climate model yields a value of +0.3 W/(m2⋅K), suggesting that this feedback plays an important role in our climate system.
Prototype of an intertwined secondary-metabolite supercluster
Authors: Wiemann Philipp , Guo Chun-Jun , Palmer Jonathan M. , Sekonyela Relebohile , Wang Clay C. C. , Keller Nancy P. 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceFilamentous fungi are well known for their ability to produce a wide range of natural products. Until now, biosynthetic genes contiguously aligned in a cluster have been associated with the production of a distinct natural product. This work demonstrates an additional layer of complexity in fungal secondary-metabolite gene clusters. In contrast to the view of stand-alone secondary-metabolite clusters, our collective data have revealed the existence of superclusters with intertwined biosynthetic genes involved in formation of more than one chemical product. Comparative genomics indicates this supercluster is maintained in a rapidly evolving region of diverse fungal genomes. This intertwined design confounds predictions from established secondary-metabolite cluster search algorithms and provides an expanded view of natural product evolution.
Paracrine activation of WNT/β-catenin pathway in uterine leiomyoma stem cells promotes tumor growth
Authors: Ono Masanori , Yin Ping , Navarro Antonia , Moravek Molly B. , Coon John S. , Druschitz Stacy A. , Serna Vanida Ann , Qiang Wenan , Brooks David C. , Malpani Saurabh S. , Ma Jiajia , Ercan Cihangir Mutlu , Mittal Navdha , Monsivais Diana , Dyson Matthew T. , Yemelyanov Alex , Maruyama Tetsuo , Chakravarti Debabrata , Kim J. Julie , Kurita Takeshi , Gottardi Cara J. , Bulun Serdar E. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Stem cells and the ovarian steroids estrogen and progesterone are essential for leiomyoma tissue growth. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, particularly because leiomyoma stem cells are deficient in estrogen and progesterone receptors. Expression of these receptors is much higher in surrounding mature myometrial or leiomyoma smooth muscle cells. Here, we demonstrate that wingless-type (WNT) acts as a paracrine signal from estrogen/progesterone receptor-rich mature cells to activate the canonical β-catenin pathway in leiomyoma stem cells. Our findings suggest a paracrine role for the canonical WNT pathway in the growth of leiomyoma tumor.
Identification of apolipoprotein D as a cardioprotective gene using a mouse model of lethal atherosclerotic coronary artery disease
Authors: Tsukamoto Kosuke , Mani D. R. , Shi Jianru , Zhang Songwen , Haagensen Darrow E. , Otsuka Fumiyuki , Guan Jian , Smith Jonathan D. , Weng Wei , Liao Ronglih , Kolodgie Frank D. , Virmani Renu , Krieger Monty 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death and disability. Genetically modified SR-BI/apoE double KO (dKO) mice spontaneously exhibit many features of human CAD, including hypercholesterolemia, clogged arteries, myocardial infarction (MI) (or heart attack), heart failure, and premature death. We identified many changes in gene expression in dKO hearts [e.g., increases in apolipoprotein D (apoD)] during CAD development and compared them to those occurring after surgically induced MI. Additional studies showed that apoD partially protected mice from experimentally induced MI (temporarily blocking a coronary artery) and partially protected isolated rat heart muscle cells from temporary oxygen deprivation. We conclude that dKO mice are useful models for human CAD and apoD may naturally help protect hearts from clogged arteries.
Ashraf into Middle Classes
Authors: Pernau Margrit 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This book investigates the history of the Muslim communities in Delhi from the conquest of the city by Lord Lake in 1803 to the end of the First World War. It is based on a large range of sources in English, Urdu, and Persian—from government records to novels, from Sufi writings and fatwas to genealogies, from maps to miniatures, from handwritten newsletters to women’s journals. The book follows two main questions. One, Muslims have long been defined, first and foremost, by their religious identity. This study takes religion not as a given but asks about the universe of alternative identities—gender, territorial, class, descent, and language, which all shape a person’s sense of belonging to a specific community. It is only the interaction between the different identities, the book argues, which permits a re-evaluation of religious identity and a response to the question of when and under what circumstances it gains or loses predominance. Two, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the category of ashraf, marking out the respectable families, brought together the nobility and the educated and distinguished them from the trading communities, which were classified under the common people. This changed from the middle of the century: the new ashraf distinguished themselves not only from the commoners but also the nobility, held responsible for the disaster of 1857. At the same time, their new emphasis on work and achievement brought them nearer to the merchants. Thus the two-tiered social structure gave way to a three-tiered one, and the ashraf were transformed into middle classes.
Conflict between the Religious Communities
Authors: Pernau Margrit 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In Delhi, the increasing significance of British and Indian religious identities since the 1820s and 1830s was accompanied by a fierce battle to demarcate the religious communities from each other and to homogenize them internally. This in turn led to an escalation in conflicts between the communities. This chapter looks at three aspects of this development. The first section explores the relationship between the British and the Muslims. The second section then casts light on the relationship between Hindus and Muslims and shows how the nature of the disputes changed under the influence of the new forms of public sphere and colonial rule. In the last section, the author examines the conflict between Sunnis and Shi’ites.
Cross-modal alignment of accent structures in multimedia
Authors: Lipscomb Scott D. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Since the 1980s, many researchers have investigated the relationship between music and image in the multimedia context; most of these studies address the semantic meaning of the multi-modal stimuli used and the manner in which they are congruent or non-congruent with one another. The unique contribution of the present chapter is its focus on studies that represent a different but complementary approach: the systematic investigation of the salient moments (‘accents’), focusing primarily on the aural and visual modalities, and the impact of their alignment or misalignment upon the multimedia experience. Based on previous research, the author first identifies sources of accent within each domain and then proposes a means of considering cross-modal accent structure alignment empirically. The remainder of the chapter discusses relevant empirical research, including an extensive report on a series of experiments performed by the author, which informs our present understanding of this cross-modal relationship in the multimedia context.
Music and memory in film and other multimedia: The Casablanca effect
Authors: Hoeckner Berthold , Nusbaum Howard C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This chapter explores the artistic representation and empirical study of audiovisual memory in cinema, with a specific focus on memory induced by music. The first section reviews how flashbacks have been used by directors to structure filmic narration and to visualize the recollection of characters. The second section examines how different types of visual memory are cued by music in movies. In cinematic representations of episodic memory, for example, characters may associate music with past events (as in the film Casablanca). Based on musical schemas formed by cultural conventions, musical underscoring relies on semantic and implicit memory to help audiences in the perception and understanding of screen content. The third section surveys empirical studies of musical memory effects in film and multimedia, showing how affective priming through musical underscoring affects the remembrance of film events, product recall in advertisement, the comprehension of the narrative, or character perception.