bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lenalidomide in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: biological perspectives and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Kritharis Athena , Coyle Michael , Sharma Jaya , Evens Andrew M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) with activity in lymphoid malignancies occurring primarily through immune modulation (eg, T-cell immune synapse enhancement and NK-cell/T-cell effector augmentation) and antiproliferative effects. Food and Drug Administration–approved for bortezomib-resistant, relapsed/refractory mantle-cell lymphoma, lenalidomide has demonstrated efficacy in several additional lymphoma subtypes. There are many ongoing clinical trials examining the use of lenalidomide alone or in combinatorial therapy. It will be important in these studies to delineate reliable, predictive biomarkers to optimally integrate lenalidomide into lymphoma treatment paradigms.
Activation of an endogenous retrovirus-associated long non-coding RNA in human adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gibb Ewan A , Warren René L , Wilson Gavin W , Brown Scott D , Robertson Gordon A , Morin Gregg B , Holt Robert A 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as molecules that significantly impact many cellular processes and have been associated with almost every human cancer. Compared to protein-coding genes, lncRNA genes are often associated with transposable elements, particularly with endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs). ERVs can have potentially deleterious effects on genome structure and function, so these elements are typically silenced in normal somatic tissues, albeit with varying efficiency. The aberrant regulation of ERVs associated with lncRNAs (ERV-lncRNAs), coupled with the diverse range of lncRNA functions, creates significant potential for ERV-lncRNAs to impact cancer biology.

Methods
We used RNA-seq analysis to identify and profile the expression of a novel lncRNA in six large cohorts, including over 7,500 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Results
We identified the tumor-specific expression of a novel lncRNA that we have named Endogenous retroViral-associated ADenocarcinoma RNA or ‘EVADR’, by analyzing RNA-seq data derived from colorectal tumors and matched normal control tissues. Subsequent analysis of TCGA RNA-seq data revealed the striking association of EVADR with adenocarcinomas, which are tumors of glandular origin. Moderate to high levels of EVADR were detected in 25 to 53% of colon, rectal, lung, pancreas and stomach adenocarcinomas (mean = 30 to 144 FPKM), and EVADR expression correlated with decreased patient survival (Cox regression; hazard ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.06 to 2.04, P = 0.02). In tumor sites of non-glandular origin, EVADR expression was detectable at only very low levels and in less than 10% of patients. For EVADR, a MER48 ERV element provides an active promoter to drive its transcription. Genome-wide, MER48 insertions are associated with nine lncRNAs, but none of the MER48-associated lncRNAs other than EVADR were consistently expressed in adenocarcinomas, demonstrating the specific activation of EVADR. The sequence and structure of the EVADR locus is highly conserved among Old World monkeys and apes but not New World monkeys or prosimians, where the MER48 insertion is absent. Conservation of the EVADR locus suggests a functional role for this novel lncRNA in humans and our closest primate relatives.

Conclusions
Our results describe the specific activation of a highly conserved ERV-lncRNA in numerous cancers of glandular origin, a finding with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Haptoglobin-α1, -α2, vitamin D-binding protein and apolipoprotein C-III as predictors of etanercept drug response in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Blaschke Sabine , Rinke Kathinka , Maring Michael , Flad Thomas , Patschan Susann , Jahn Olaf , Mueller Claudia A , Mueller Gerhard A , Dihazi Hassan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The introduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) antagonists has substantially improved patient’s clinical outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, nearly 20% to 40% of RA patients do not respond to anti-TNF-α treatment strategies. To identify valid predictors of TNF-α antagonist response in RA, serum proteome profiles from responders (R) and non-responders (NR) to etanercept, a soluble recombinant TNF-α receptor/IgG Fc fusion protein receptor, were compared in a prospective cohort study.

Methods
In this clinical study 50 RA patients with inadequate response to conventional DMARDs were included and treated with etanercept. The primary efficacy endpoint was response according to the European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) improvement criteria. Serum samples collected prior to initiation and after six months of etanercept therapy were cleared of the most abundant major proteins by immunoaffinity chromatography. After separation by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and identification by mass spectrometry (MS) data were validated by Western blot analysis.

Results
After six months of etanercept treatment 62% (n = 31) of RA patients achieved response. Haptoglobin-α1 (Hp-α1) and -α2 (Hp-α2) and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) were found to be significantly upregulated in responder sera (P ≤0.02) at study entry. In contrast, apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) showed significantly higher levels in non-responders (P = 0.0162). At study end ApoA-II, Hp-α1, Hp-α2 and VDBP were identified to be expressed at significantly higher levels (P <0.05) in responder sera.

Conclusions
By application of clinical proteomics in immunodepleted sera we could identify and validate for the first time Hp-α1, -α2, VDBP and ApoC-III as potential biomarkers for prediction of etanercept drug response in RA.
Comparison of 4′-[methyl-11C]thiothymidine (11C-4DST) and 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) PET/CT in human brain glioma imaging
Authors: Toyota Yasunori , Miyake Keisuke , Kawai Nobuyuki , Hatakeyama Tetsuhiro , Yamamoto Yuka , Toyohara Jun , Nishiyama Yoshihiro , Tamiya Takashi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) has been used to evaluate tumor malignancy and cell proliferation in human brain gliomas. However, 18F-FLT has several limitations in clinical use. Recently, 11C-labeled thymidine analogue, 4′-[methyl-11C]thiothymidine (11C-4DST), became available as an in vivo cell proliferation positron emission tomography (PET) tracer. The present study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of 11C-4DST PET in the diagnosis of human brain gliomas by comparing with the images of 18F-FLT PET.

Methods
Twenty patients with primary and recurrent brain gliomas underwent 18F-FLT and 11C-4DST PET scans. The uptake values in the tumors were evaluated using the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), the tumor-to-normal tissue uptake (T/N) ratio, and the tumor-to-blood uptake (T/B) ratio. These values were compared among different glioma grades. Correlation between the Ki-67 labeling index and the uptake values of 11C-4DST and 18F-FLT in the tumor was evaluated using linear regression analysis. The relationship between the individual 18F-FLT and 11C-4DST uptake values in the tumors was also examined.

Results

11C-4DST uptake was significantly higher than that of 18F-FLT in the normal brain. The uptake values of 11C-4DST in the tumor were similar to those of 18F-FLT resulting in better visualization with 18F-FLT. No significant differences in the uptake values of 18F-FLT and 11C-4DST were noted among different glioma grades. Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the Ki-67 labeling index and the T/N ratio of 11C-4DST (r = 0.50, P < 0.05) and 18F-FLT (r = 0.50, P < 0.05). Significant correlations were also found between the Ki-67 labeling index and the T/B ratio of 11C-4DST (r = 0.52, P < 0.05) and 18F-FLT (r = 0.55, P < 0.05). A highly significant correlation was observed between the individual T/N ratio of 11C-4DST and 18F-FLT in the tumor (r = 0.79, P = 0.0001).

Conclusions
The present study demonstrates that 11C-4DST is useful for the imaging of human brain gliomas with PET. A relatively higher background uptake of 11C-4DST in the normal brain compared to 18F-FLT limits the detection of low-tracer-uptake tumors. Moreover, no superiority was found in 11C-4DST over 18F-FLT in the evaluation of cell proliferation.
Immunohistochemical analysis in ethinylestradiol-treated breast cancers after prior long-term estrogen-deprivation therapy
Authors: Omoto Yoko , Takeshita Takashi , Yamamoto Yutaka , Yamamoto-Ibusuki Mutsuko , Hayashi Mitsuhiro , Sueta Aiko , Fujiwara Saori , Taguchi Tetsuya , Iwase Hirotaka 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer can often be treated by hormone therapy; however a certain population of ER-positive patients become resistant to hormone therapy after long-term hormone treatment. Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a derivative of estrogen, which has shown promising effects in these patients.

Methods
We successfully obtained tissue samples from 6 patients undergoing EE2 treatment and examined 13 well-known breast cancer-related factors by immunohistochemistry. Of the 6 patients, 5 responded but one patient did not.

Results
Before EE2 treatment, staining for both ER and androgen receptor (AR) was strong in the nucleus, and the progesterone receptor (PgR) was almost no staining. EE2 treatment significantly down-regulated ER and up-regulated PgR while nuclear and cytosolic AR were oppositely down- and up-regulated, respectively. Cytosolic staining of BRCA1 was significantly up-regulated by EE2 whereas nuclear staining tended to decrease. Individual comparisons suggested less induction of PgR and decreasing AKT but increasing pAKT in the non-responder following EE2 treatment.

Conclusions
Our observations revealed that EE2 activated ER downstream genes; however it did not stimulate cell growth. This suggests that hormone resistant cells might receive growth signals from a non-genomic pathway and this may be reflected in their sensitivity to EE2 treatment.
A novel gene network analysis in liver tissues of diabetic rats in response to resistant starch treatment
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Zhang Yinghui , Shi Runge , Zhou Zhongkai , Wang Fang , Strappe Padraig 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the genome-wide gene expression profiles in the liver tissue of diabetic rats before and after RS treatment. The microarray-based analysis revealed that a total of 173 genes were up-regulated and 197 genes were down-regulated in response to RS treatment. These genes were mainly related to glucose metabolism (e.g., hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and phosphotransferase etc.), and lipid metabolism (e.g., carnitine palmitoyl transfer 1, fatty acid transporter, beta hydroxyl butyric dehydrogenase etc.). Cluster analysis results showed that the up/down-regulated genes were highly responsive to RS treatment, and were considered to be directly or indirectly associated with reducing plasma glucose and body fat. To interpret the mechanism of RS regulation at the molecular level, a novel gene network was constructed based on 370 up/down-regulated genes coupled with 718 known diabetes-related genes. The topology of the network showed the characteristics of small-world and scale-free network, with some pathways demonstrating a high degree. Forkhead class A signaling pathway, with a degree of 8, was analyzed and was found to have an effect mainly on glucose and lipid metabolism processes. The results indicate that RS can suppress the development of type 2 diabetes in the STZ rat model through modulating the expression of multiple genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. The potential application of this novel gene network is also discussed.
Post-seismic ionospheric response to the 11 April 2012 East Indian Ocean doublet earthquake
Authors: Sunil Anakuzhikkal Sudarsanan , Bagiya Mala S , Reddy Chappidi Divakar , Kumar Manish , Ramesh Durbha Sai 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The 11 April 2012 East Indian Ocean earthquake is unique because of its largest ever recorded aftershock. The main earthquake occurred with a magnitude of 8.6 Mw and was followed by a strong aftershock (8.2 Mw). Our analysis of the main shock indicates that the rupture was a mixture of strike-slip and thrust faults, and significant vertical surface displacements were observed during the event. The prime interest here is to study the post-seismic ionospheric disturbances, along with their characteristics. As both earthquakes had large magnitudes, they provided an opportunity to minimize the ambiguity in identifying the corresponding seismic-induced ionospheric disturbances. Approximately 10 min after both seismic events, the nearby ionosphere started to manifest electron density perturbations that were investigated using GPS-TEC measurements. The epicenters of both events were located south of the magnetic equator, and it is believed that the varying magnetic field inclination might be responsible for the observed north-south asymmetry in the post-seismic total electron content (TEC) disturbances. These disturbances are observed to propagate up to approximately 1,500 km towards the north side of the epicenter and up to only a few hundred kilometers on the south side. The frequency analysis of the post-seismic TEC disturbances after both earthquakes exhibits the dominant presence of acoustic frequencies varying between approximately 4.0 to 6.0 mHz. The estimated propagation velocities of the post-seismic TEC disturbances during the main shock (0.89 km/s) and aftershock (0.77 km/s) confirm the presence of an acoustic frequency as the generative mode for the observed TEC fluctuations.
The biological significance of acoustic stimuli determines ear preference in the music frog
Authors: Xue Fei , Fang Guangzhan , Yang Ping , Zhao Ermi , Brauth Steven E. , Tang Yezhong 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTBehavioral and neurophysiological studies support the idea that right ear advantage (REA) exists for perception of conspecific vocal signals in birds and mammals. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on anuran species that typically communicate through vocalization. The present study examined the direction and latencies of orientation behaviors in Emei music frogs (Babina daunchina) produced in response to six auditory stimuli emitted by a speaker placed directly behind the subjects. The stimuli included male advertisement calls produced from within burrow nests, which have been shown to be highly sexually attractive (HSA), calls produced from outside burrows, which are of low sexual attractiveness (LSA), screech calls produced when frogs are attacked by snakes, white noise, thunder and silence. For all sound stimuli except the screech, the frogs preferentially turned to the right. Right ear preference was strongest for HSA calls. For the screech and thunder stimuli, there was an increased tendency for subjects to move further from the speaker rather than turning. These results support the idea that in anurans, right ear preference is associated with perception of positive or neutral signals such as the conspecific advertisement call and white noise, while a left ear preference is associated with perception of negative signals such as predatory attack.
Electrochemical Formation of a Polyviologen–ZnO Composite with an Efficient Charging Capability
Authors: Maruo Hirofumi , Oyaizu Kenichi , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Concurrent and cathodic electrolysis of tris(cyanopyridinio)mesitylene and zinc chloride gave redox-active polyviologen, densely formed around the zinc oxide nanorod, on a substrate, which displayed a large charging–discharging capacity and an excellent rate performance based on a large diffusivity of charge, and was useful as an anode-active material.
sociocultural Reading оf the «Klimov’s Triad» or the Career Guidance as a Challenge
Authors: Кондратьева  , Kondrateva O. , Сергеев  , Sergeev Igor 
Published: March 2015

The article presents a modern interpretation of the «Klimov’s triad» that reflects the social and cultural attitudes of youth to the career choice. Depending
on what kind of socio-cultural setting (or combination of settings) dominated in the upbringing and development of the growing human, he has formed
one or the other strategy of professional self-determination.
A Multilevel Study on Factors of School Effectiveness in Developing Countries: The Case of Brazilian Resources
Authors: Gaviria José Luis , Castro María 
Published: March 2015

Classic research on school effectiveness ensures that the material resources of schools do not have any relevant effects on the academic performance of the pupils. Such research was carried out in developed countries, with no serious economic problems. This research is based on a secondary data analysis from the evaluation of basic education in Brazil in 1995. Specifically, a multi-level study has been performed with data on pupils (6.471), teachers and schools (975), and the Brazilian Federal States (27). The main conclusion is that educational resources have an important impact on the academic development of the pupils, both with regard to the amount and quality of the resources and, above all, the use to which they are put.
Educational Values and Sexual Difference: Reality and educational policies in the Spanish context
Authors: Carrillo Isabel 
Published: March 2015

This article deals with the policies promoted during the conservatiSpanish government of the partido popular and the changes implemented by the 2002 Act of Educational quality and their impact on gender issues, in particular women’s human rights. This article will contend that the Act did not guarantee equality of opportunity for women. The 2000 Act’s objective was to search for solutions to contemporary technological changes and market criteria by implementing an educational reform oriented to “review, adjust and improve the life of schools”. To do so, the conservative government proposed that “quality” was the mechanism to “reach bigger social and economical progress”. This article concludes that the new socialist government, elected in March of 2004, must introduce an alternative model for the current transition, implementing both bold and transforming measures.
Choice without Equity: Charter School Segregation
Authors: Frankenberg Erica , Siegel-Hawley Genevieve , Wang Jia 
Published: March 2015

The political popularity of charter schools is unmistakable. This article explores the relationship between charter schools and segregation across the country, in 40 states, the District of Columbia, and several dozen metropolitan areas with large enrollments of charter school students in 2007-08. The descriptive analysis of the charter school enrollment is aimed at understanding the enrollment and characteristics of charter school students and the extent to which charter school students are segregated, including how charter school segregation compare to students in traditional public schools. This article examines these questions at different levels, aggregating school-level enrollment to explore patterns among metropolitan areas, states, and the nation using three national datasets. Our findings suggest that charters currently isolate students by race and class. This analysis of recent data finds that charter schools are more racially isolated than traditional public schools in virtually every state and large metropolitan area in the nation. In some regions, white students are over-represented in charter schools while in other charter schools, minority students have little exposure to white students. Data about the extent to which charter schools serve low-income and English learner students is incomplete, but suggest that a substantial share of charter schools may not enroll such students. As charters represent an increasing share of our public schools, they influence the level of segregation experienced by all of our nation’s school children. After two decades, the promise of charter schools to use choice to foster integration and equality in American education has not yet been realized.
Education Reform, Equal Opportunity and Educational Achievement: Do Trend Data Adequately Report Progress?
Authors: Knoeppel Robert Charles , Brewer Curtis A. 
Published: March 2015

Using Kentucky as a case study, the research described in this paper examines efforts to provide equality of educational opportunity. Standards based educational reform has produced myriad data on student achievement that are used by educators, policy analysts, legislators, and researchers to discern progress. This research makes use of multiple sources of data(CATS index, reading proficiency, math proficiency) in an attempt to more thoroughly consider progress in attempts to ameliorate gaps in student achievement that have been found to exist as related to local wealth. Findings from the study show mixed results. Although local wealth has decreased as a predictor of student achievement in reading, it is still a significant predictor of achievement in math. Gaps are closing more rapidly at the elementary school level which suggests the need to study the process of education at the secondary level. Lastly, student demographics, especially students qualifying for free and reduced lunch continue to be a significant predictor of student achievement. We conclude that changes to state accountability systems that move the unit of analysis from the school to the student level offer the best opportunity to utilize emerging research methodologies that will enable practitioners and analysts to better analyze educational process.
Políticas educativas y empleabilidad: ¿cuáles son las competencias más influyentes?
Authors: Freire Seoane María Jesús , Teijeiro Alvarez Mercedes , Pais Montes Carlos 
Published: March 2015

Resumen: En el presente estudio se analizan las competencias profesionales genéricas más valoradas, tanto por las empresas, como por los graduados universitarios. Esta investigación es un estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo en el que se usan datos sobre competencias de dos fuentes principales: los graduados de la universidad de La Coruña y los empresarios de esta provincia. En este trabajo se efectúa una aplicación del modelo Logit y se contrasta empíricamente si determinadas variables relativas a las competencias afectan a la probabilidad de tener un empleo. Los resultados confirman la opinión manifestada por varios investigadores de que en la actualidad las competencias más valorando en el mercado laboral son del tipo sistémicas, es decir competencias personales y transferibles, en detrimento de las competencias instrumentales más relacionadas con las capacidades y la formación del graduado. Education policy and employability: what are the most influential competencies? Abstract: This paper analyzes the generic professional skills most valued by employers and university graduates. This research is a qualitative and quantitative study that uses data from two main sources: graduates of the University of A Coruña and employers of this province. The analysis herein, applies the Logit model, and it empirically contrasts the influence of certain variables related with skills on the probability of being employed. The results underpin the opinion stated by experts; currently the most highly regarded skills in the labour market are those that belong to the systematic type, therefore, personal and non-transferable, in detriment of instrumental skills closer related with graduates’ capacity and education.