bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of Protective Coatings of Moulds for Castings of High-Manganese Cast Steel in Dependence of the Applied Moulding Sand Kind
Authors: Holtzer M. , Bobrowski A. , Drożyński D. , Mocek J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
High-manganese cast steels are characterised by a high abrasion resistance under friction conditions with a simultaneous influence of pressure and impacts. This cast steel is especially suitable for castings of excavator’s scoops, track links, streetcars crossovers, parts of crushers and mills for braking up of hard materials [1-4]. In order to obtain high quality castings of high-manganese cast steels in moulds on the high-silica sand matrices it is necessary to apply protective coatings, which prevent a direct contact between metal and matrix (SiO2). Manganese after being poured into a mould can undergo a partial oxidation forming MnO, which reacts with silica. As a result low-melting manganese silicates are formed, which in a form of a tight layer adhere to the casting surface, significantly increasing a labour input related to cleaning. Three kinds of protective coatings were tested: zirconium, corundum and magnesite. As a base moulding sands on high-silica sand matrices with three kinds of resol resins were applied. The quality of the obtained casting surface was assessed in dependence of the protective coating and resin kind and also in dependence of the metallostatic pressure value.
Optimization Methods for Lot-Sizing Problem in an Automated Foundry
Authors: Duda J. , Stawowy A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In the paper we studied a production planning problem in a mid-size foundry that provides tailor-made cast products in small lots for a large number of clients. Assuming that a production bottleneck is the furnace, a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model is proposed to determine the lot size of the items and the required alloys to be produced during each period of the finite planning horizon that is subdivided into smaller periods. As using an advanced commercial MIP solvers may be impractical for more complex and large problem instances, we proposed and compared a few computational intelligence heuristics i.e. tabu search, genetic algorithm and differential evolution. The examination showed that heuristic approaches can provide a good compromise between speed and quality of solutions and can be used in real-world production planning.
The Methodology of Virtual Foundry Developing
Authors: Brzeziński M. , Stawowy A. , Wrona R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Systemic approach to design of factories requires that engineering, organisational and economic aspects should be considered concurrently. That prompts the need to develop a solution, based on the state-of-the-art IT technologies, to enable us to solve the problems associated with foundry production planning. The paper outlines a methodology of creating the simulation model of a virtual foundry, as a tool for foundry design. An integrative approach is suggested for development of a complete foundry model, enabling the design of more efficient production systems. The underlying principles of such models are discussed, the basic stages involved in the methodology are outlined and the range of its applicability is defined.
Algorithm for Burden Calculation for Foundry Furnaces Using Charge Materials with an Uncertain Composition
Authors: Ziółkowski E. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Calculation of charge burden to foundry furnaces by computing the proportions of particular charge materials is a most complicated task as a variety of technological aspects have to be considered. For practical and economic reasons, this problem is typically solved using computer-based optimisation methods, the main criterion being the optimal amount of charge materials related to the lowest costs of the burden. The problem is further complicated when the chemical composition of the charge materials is not accurately defined. So far the calculations of the charge burden were performed in order to work out the detailed melt procedure, which was to be modified and corrected by the trial and error method in subsequent melt processes.
An algorithm has been developed for use in calculating the charge burden depending on the target chemical composition of the casting alloy. Of particular importance is the application of the algorithm when the process conditions are changeable.
Influence of the Gas Dosage Method on Pressure Changes and Technological Properties of Core Sand Used in the Technology Resol-Co2
Authors: Jamrozowicz Ł. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The results of gas pressure measurements in intergranular spaces of fast-setting sands hardened by active gaseous factor are presented in the paper. The research stand and the measuring methodology are described. Investigations concern the determination and recording gas pressure changes in the core sand along the hardened core, in three measuring points. The hardening gas was introduced both in a continuous and impulse way (gas-pause) at a constant pressure. The determined pressure changes of the active gas, which takes part in the chemical reaction of the hardening process, are compared with pressure changes of the neutral gas. The influence of the impulse way of a gas dosage on the core sand strength properties is presented as well as methods of limiting the active gas consumption are shown.
Examinations of Parameters Influencing the Outflow of Two Phase Air-Sand Stream from Machine Chamber and Core Box Filling in Shooting Process
Authors: Fedoryszyn A. , Dańko R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The study investigates the key aspects involved in the flow of the air-sand stream from the machine chamber and in the core box filling in the core shooting and core blowing processes.
The prevailing tendency to manufacture thin-walled castings with intricate channel structures has become the major determinant of castings quality and production rates. An important parameter of most core sand used in the shooting processes is the ability to eject from the machine chamber and the core-box filling capability. These properties are the key factors determining the feasibility of manufacturing intricate cores and the process efficiency. The research work outlined in this study focuses on establishing the performance criteria of core sand ejection from the machine chamber and of core box filling and sand compaction.
The results given below were obtained for several new-generation core sand types, containing organic and inorganic binders, and designed to be used in hot-box, warm box and warm air processes.
Performance Evaluation of Rotary Mixers Through Monitoring of Power Energy Parameters
Authors: Smyksy K. , Ziółkowski E. , Wrona R. , Brzeziński M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A method is outlined that can be adopted for measuring the power demand by moulding sand mixers using a dedicated computer system enabling the monitoring and recording of instantaneous voltage and current levels of power taken up by foundry machines and installations. This system allows the operational parameters of electric-powered devices to be effectively monitored. Of particular importance is the energy efficiency level. Monitoring of the machine operation is also required for evaluation of the sand preparation processes. The methodology of measurements and processing of measurement data is explained using the example of a state-of-the-art rotary mixer for laboratory applications. Tests have confirmed the adequacy and good performance of the microprocessor system used in measurements, allowing the energy efficiency parameters of the mixer drive to be determined. The fundamental aspects involved in power demand monitoring include: optimisation and control of the mixing process, taking into account the sand quality and mixer performance. It has to be emphasised that the measurement results can be also utilised in optimisation of the machine’s constructional and operational features. Tests confirm that variations of moisture content in sand can impact on selected power energy parameters.
Usefulness of Foundry Tooling Materials in Microwave Heating Process
Authors: Granat K. , Opyd B. , Nowak D. , Stachowicz M. , Jaworski G. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The paper describes preliminary examinations on establishing usefulness criteria of foundry tooling materials in the microwave heating technology. Presented are measurement results of permittivity and loss tangent that determine behaviour of the materials in electromagnetic field. The measurements were carried-out in a waveguide resonant cavity that permits precise determination the above-mentioned parameters by perturbation technique. Examined were five different materials designed for use in foundry tooling. Determined was the loss factor that permits evaluating usefulness of materials in microwave heating technology. It was demonstrated that the selected plastics meet the basic criterion that is transparency for electromagnetic radiation.
Tribological and Corrosive Properties of the Parts of Machines with Surface Alloy Layer
Authors: Szajnar J. , Walasek A. , Baron C. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
There are presented the results of researches conducted on the steel cast with surface alloy layer in this work. The measurement of the thickness, hardness and abrasion wear resistance was conducted in accordance with norm ASTM G 65-00. The measurement of the corrosion resistance was conducted in accordance with the potentio - dynamical method. It is shown that it is possible to obtain the alloy surface layer of different thickness by control of some factors: pouring temperature Tzal , diameter of grain of FeCrC alloy Zw and the thickness of the cast wall gśo. It is proved that the smaller diameter of ferrochromium grain, the thicker surface alloy layer. It is also said that the higher pouring temperature and thicker the cast wall, the thicker surface alloy layer. What is more - the smaller thickness of the cast wall, the bigger hardness and abrasion wear resistance.
The Lean Manufacturing Tools in Polish Foundries
Authors: Jezierski J. , Janerka K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The concept of Lean Manufacturing (or Lean Production) is widely present in the quality management systems of the best factories. Foundry plants in Poland have continuously been implementing modern management tools; however, the experiences of the authors show that the usage of lean tools is at a lower level in domestic foundries than in similar plants abroad. This was the reason why a survey was prepared and over 300 foundry plants were questioned regarding the application of Lean Manufacturing tools. The questions (20 in total) asked if and what tools are implemented in the plant and what benefits have been achieved, or why lean tools have not been implemented in a particular plant. The answers were thoroughly analysed and the results show that, among others, only 29% of all foundries use lean tools, and the main reason why most of them do not is that these tools are not understood well enough.
Modification of Pure Al and AlSi2 Alloy Primary Structure with Use of Electromagnetic Stirring Method
Authors: Wróbel T. , Szajnar J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The paper presents modification of primary structure of Al 99,5% and 99,8% purity and AlSi2 alloy by electromagnetic stirring of liquid metal within foundry mould. The movement of solidifying liquid metal within the mould was forced by horizontal electromagnetic field produced by the induction coil (stirrer), supplied by current of elevated frequency. The structure refinement obtained by electromagnetic stirring was compared with refinement obtained by traditional modification, i.e. by introducing Ti, B, C and Sr modifying additives into melt. The results of studies show possibility of effective primary structure refinement of pure Al and selected Al-Si alloy by using only horizontal electromagnetic field, without necessity of Ti, B and C additives application.
A New Method for the Measurement of Flowability of Green Moulding Sand
Authors: Bast J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The production of castings by green sand moulds is a very important method for the manufacture of final products for different sectors of industry. In this green sand moulding process the quality of castings depends strongly on the quality of the mould, which in turn is determined by parameters such as the type of foundry machine, the characteristics of the moulding sand and the specifications of the patterns. The mould’s stability for use casting is achieved by filling and compacting moulding sand. This means, that the clay-bonded moulding sand is changed from the free flowing to the compacted state. In this process flowability is a very important parameter. Therefore, a variety of methods for the determination of flowability have been in use. However, it is fair to say that these methods do no longer meet the requirements of the modern moulding process. This paper introduces a new method for the determination of flowability of clay-bonded moulding sand using a specifically designed type of density sensor that was developed by a research team led by Professor Jürgen L. Bast at the Mechanical Department of Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg. The high levels of accuracy in the determination of flowability that this method is capable of achieving have been tested and indeed proven by varying sand parameters such as water and clay content, grain composition, mixing time, and compaction pressure. A further innovative characteristics of this new method of sensor-based flowability measurement is the possibility of using the sensor not only for the lab-based testing of sands but in the actual mould during the production process in the foundry, which allows to determine whether the sand in the mould has the required qualities based on real-time flowability measurements.
An Assessment of the Applicability of Austempered Ductile Iron Containing Mo and Ni for Mining Machines Parts
Authors: Myszka D. , Wieczorek A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The research described in this article is a fragment in the series of published works trying to determine the applicability of new materials for parts of the mining machinery. Tests were carried out on the - very popular in mining applications - 36HMN steel and three types of the austempered ductile iron, using special stand for the controlled abrasion testing of samples subjected to the effect of loose abrasive. Tests carried out with the use of corundum showed the competitive properties of cast iron as compared with the examined steel. Microscopic evaluation, hardness measurements and magnetic tests showed that the surface layer of austempered ductile iron undergoes a strong work hardening, resulting in abrasion wear indices superior to those of the steel for heavy-duty use.
dTechnological Knowledge Management System for Foundry Industry
Authors: Malinowski P. , Suchy J.S. , Jakubski J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Technological knowledge is a collection of information from each stage of the casting production preparation process along with production data and quality control data. Knowledge and experience are the most important factors for the dynamic development of each foundry. Efficient archiving and management of technological knowledge, including computer simulations, is a critical part of building competitive advantage. Analysis of historical data allows for drawing the right conclusions, and guarantees improved quality of the final product. Effective enterprise management system, and technological knowledge management system in particular, is an indispensable tool for any innovative foundry. Simulation Process & Data Management is a new, dynamically-developing scientific field. Also in the foundry industry it is a very important step towards the management of casting simulation results.
Analysis of the Structure and Abrasive Wear Resistance of White Cast Iron with Precipitates of Carbides
Authors: Kopyciński D. , Kawalec M. , Szczęsny A. , Gilewski R. , Piasny S. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The resistance of castings to abrasive wear depends on the cast iron abrasive hardness ratio. It has been anticipated that the white cast iron structure will be changed by changing the type of metal matrix and the type of carbides present in this matrix, which will greatly expand the application area of castings under the harsh operating conditions of abrasive wear. Detailed metallographic analysis was carried out to see the structure obtained in selected types of white cast iron, i.e. with additions of chromium and vanadium. The study compares the results of abrasive wear resistance tests performed on the examined types of cast iron.
Utilization Mathematical and Physical Models Derived Therefrom Real-Time Models for the Optimization of Heating Processes
Authors: Špička I. , Heger M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Heating of materials is energy and costly operations. On those reasons optimization is highly desirable. One of the possible solutions to optimize heating in real time is to use a large number of fast simulations on the basis of them the optimization algorithms have chosen the most appropriate option of the heating control. This solution implies the use of extremely fast but sufficiently accurate simplified mathematical models of heating, the structure and parameters of them are defined based on accurate modelling using computationally intensive but slower classical mathematical-physical models. Based on the operating data of the reheating furnace was build an accurate model of heating. Using the simplified model simulation of heating was done with different heating conditions with downtime during heating. Proposed algorithms including the simulations show that the proposed strategy leads to verifiable savings during heating.
Possibilities of the Materials Properties Improvement for the Cementite Eutectic by Means of Unidirectional Solidification
Authors: Trepczyńska-Łent M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The paper brings the results of directional solidification of Fe-Fe3C eutectic alloy. The Bridgman method with vertical thermal gradient in conducted research was applied. Two values of rate was used for sample movement testing. One sample after solidification, was immediately taken of the cooler. The distribution of thermal gradient in the alloy was determined. The value of thermal gradient in liquid at the solidification front was determined. On the samples, where cementite eutectic was oriented, interphase spacing λ̅ was measured. The results of the dependence between parameters v and λ̅ were presented. The research with application of optical microscope and computer programme to image analysis NIS-Elements was used.
Morphological characteristics of the aortic arch organization
Authors: Manole A.M. , Iliescu D.M. , Baz R. , Bordei P. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract Our study was performed on 228 cases by dissection, by plastic injection followed by corrosion or dissection and by simple and CT angiography study. Each morphological aspect was assessed on a different numbers of cases, as long as the same case could not provide data on all studied elements. We assessed: the number of branches that originate from the aortic arch, the level of origin and the morphological type of the aortic arch. In terms of number of branches emerging from the aortic arch, most commonly are three branches, in 48.48% of cases, describing them 3 variations: separation of the three classical branches in 45,96% of cases, in 1.51% of cases the left common carotid artery emerged from the brachiocephalic trunk while the other two branches being represented by a vertebral artery and the left subclavian and in 1.01% by the right subclavian artery with retroesophageal traject, by a bicarotid arterial trunk and the left subclavian artery. In 28.70% of the cases were four branches, as follows: in 13.13% of cases the fourth branch was represented by the left vertebral artery, in 7.07% of cases there was the inferior thyroid artery, in 4.04% of cases the brachiocephalic arterial trunk was missing and the right subclavian artery originate from the aortic arch and presented a retroesophageal traject, in 3.03% of cases the fourth artery was the ascending cervical and in 1.51% of cases all four arteries had their origins in the aortic arch with no brachiocephalic trunk. In 22.73% of cases from the aortic arch originated only two branches: in 19.70% of cases the left common carotid originated in the brachiocephalic trunk, so the second branch was the left subclavian and in 3.03% of the cases there were two brachiocephalic trunks. Regarding the level of origin from the aortic arch, we found that only the brachiocephalic arterial trunk showed versions of origin: in 64 61% of the cases the brachiocephalic trunk had its origin in the horizontal segment of the aortic arch, in 21.54% of cases the origin was located at the limit
between the ascending and horizontal segments and vin 12.31% of cases the origin was from the ascending segment of the aortic arch. In only 1.54% of the cases the left subclavian artery originated from the descending segment of the aortic arch
Cervical root resorption.
Authors: Gheorghiu Irina-Maria , Mitran Loredana , Mitran Mihai , Stoian Irina Maria 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Cervical resorption is an inflammatory-mediated external resorption of the root, which can be seen after trauma and following internal bleaching techniques. It is initiated in the periodontal ligament, but the exact pathogenesis is not known. Once triggered the resorption phenomenon can lead to fracture and loss of the tooth
Indirect effects of noise exposure on liver activity
Authors: Chirică R. , Comșa Gh.I. , Ion I. , Adumitresi C. , Rădulescu N. , Farcaș C. , Ștefănescu A.C. , Oniceanu F. M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
We live in a noisy world. We constantly undergoing in various types of noise that affect our quality of life. It is well known that noise is not only a problem but also a serious threat to health. The effects, that noise exposure has on health is a public serious problem, and is becoming more acute, which can occur at both, mentally and physically levels