bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buffer nitrogen solubility, in vitro ruminal partitioning of nitrogen and in vitro ruminal biological activity of tannins in leaves of four fodder tree species
Authors: Cudjoe N. , Mlambo V. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis study explores the chemical composition, buffer N solubility, in vitro ruminal N degradability and in vitro ruminal biological activity of tannins in leaves from Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Morus alba and Trichanthera gigantea trees. These tree leaves are a potential protein source for ruminants, but their site‐influenced nutritive value is largely unknown. Leucaena leucocephala leaves had the highest N content (42.1 g/kg DM), while T. gigantea leaves had the least (26.1 g/kg DM). Leucaena leucocephala had the highest buffer solubility index (20%), while 10% of the total N in leaves of the other three species was soluble. The rapidly fermentable N fraction ‘a’ was highest in M. alba leaves (734.9 g/kg DM) and least in T. gigantea leaves (139.5 g/kg DM). The rate of fermentation (c) was highest for M. alba (7%/hours) leaves. No significant correlations were recorded between buffer solubility index of N and in vitro ruminal N degradability parameters: a, b, and c. The highest response to tannin inactivation using polyethylene glycol, in terms of percentage increase in 36‐hours cumulative gas production, was recorded in M. alba (39%) and T. gigantea (38%) leaves. It was concluded that buffer solubility of N is not a good indicator of ruminal N degradation in the leaves of these tree species. Leaves of M. alba could be more valuable as a source of rapidly fermentable N when animals are offered low‐protein, high‐fibre diets compared with other tree species evaluated in the current study. However, when feeding M. alba leaves, the role of tannins must be considered because these secondary plant compounds showed significant in vitro ruminal biological activity.
Plasma biomarkers profile of female dogs with mammary carcinoma and its association with clinical and pathological features
Authors: Estrela‐Lima A. , Araújo M. S. S. , Soares R. P. , Ribeiro L. G. R. , Damasceno K. A. , Costa A. T. , Teixeira‐Carvalho A. , Martins‐Filho O. A. , Cassali G. D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe immunological biomarkers profiles were evaluated using Luminex as putative measures to monitor canine mammary carcinomas (MCs). Forty female dogs were categorized into benign mixed tumour (MC‐BMT = 28) and mammary carcinoma (MC=12). The ascendant biomarker signatures were used to compare the groups. For example, a higher frequency of MC‐BMT animals producing IL‐6, CXCL‐8 and CXCL‐10 was observed, whereas for the MC group IL‐2 and CXCL‐8 were detected. MC‐BMT animals without metastasis had an increase in the levels of IL‐2, CXCL‐8, CXCL‐10, IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐15 and a decrease in IL‐10 and CXCL‐8. MC‐BMT animals with metastasis showed only an increase in CXCL‐10 and a decrease in IL‐18. After comparing the ascendant signatures following the presence of metastasis in both groups, a higher frequency of dogs exhibiting IL‐10 production was observed. Pearson correlation (P = 0.0273) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that this pattern was associated with worse outcome and lower survival rates in MC animals.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Ochroconis constricta
UM 578, Isolated from Human Skin Scraping
Authors: Chan Chai Ling , Yew Su Mei , Na Shiang Ling , Tan Yung-Chie , Lee Kok Wei , Yee Wai-Yan , Ngeow Yun Fong , Ng Kee Peng 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Ochroconis constricta
is a soilborne dematiaceous fungus that has never been reported to be associated with human infection. Here we report the first draft genome sequence of strain UM 578, isolated from human skin scraping. The genomic information revealed will contribute to a better understanding of this species.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Wild-Type Measles Virus Isolated during the Spring 2013 Epidemic in Germany
Authors: Sparrer Konstantin M. J. , Krebs Stefan , Jäger Gundula , Santibanez Sabine , Mankertz Annette , Blum Helmut , Conzelmann Karl-Klaus 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Measles virus induces an acute disease with rash and fever. Despite ongoing vaccination and elimination campaigns, the measles virus still sustains long-lasting transmission chains in Europe. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a wild-type measles virus isolated from a patient in Munich (MVi/Muenchen.DEU/19.13[D8]) during a German measles outbreak in 2013.
Complete Genome Sequence of CHYJ130330, a Highly Virulent Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in South China
Authors: Jia Aiqing , Feng Xiaosheng , Liu Qi , Zhou Ruyue , Wang Guiping 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain CHYJ130330 was isolated from southern China and shown to be highly virulent when inoculated into neonatal pigs. This report describes the complete genome sequence of CHYJ130330. These data will provide important insights into the variation of PEDV in China.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus pumilus Fairview, an Isolate Recovered from a Microbial Methanogenic Enrichment of Coal Seam Gas Formation Water from Queensland, Australia
Authors: Vockler Cassandra J. , Greenfield Paul , Tran-Dinh Nai , Midgley David J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Despite its global abundance,
Bacillus pumilus
is poorly studied. The Fairview strain was obtained from a methanogenic anaerobic coal digester. The draft genome sequence was 3.8 Mbp long and contained 3,890 protein-coding genes. Like the SAFR-032 strain, it includes
B. pumilus
-specific proteins that likely confer enhanced resistance to environmental stresses.
Complete Genomic Sequence of a Novel Porcine Circovirus 2 Strain, CC12
Authors: Xing Zeli , Zhu Lisai , Jia Chuanchuan , Guo Changming , Gai Xiaochun , Mu Lianzhi , Wang Xinping 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
The genome sequence of a novel porcine circovirus 2 strain (CC12) is composed of 1,767 nucleotides, with two major open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes two replication-associated proteins (Rep and Rep′) with the unique mutation N186S, and ORF2 encodes a viral capsid protein (Cap) with two rare mutations, R59K and A190T.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Treponema pallidum subsp.
pallidum
Sea81-4 Strain
Authors: Giacani Lorenzo , Iverson-Cabral Stefanie L. , King Jordon C. K. , Molini Barbara J. , Lukehart Sheila A. , Centurion-Lara Arturo 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Using the rabbit model of syphilis, the Sea81-4 strain of
Treponema pallidum
subsp.
pallidum
has been found to be more likely than other strains to invade the central nervous system (CNS). To identify possible explanations for this important phenotype at the genomic level, we sequenced the Sea81-4 strain genome.
The effect of the electronic transmission of prescriptions on dispensing errors and prescription enhancements made in English community pharmacies: a naturalistic stepped wedge study
Authors: Franklin Bryony Dean , Reynolds Matthew , Sadler Stacey , Hibberd Ralph , Avery Anthony J , Armstrong Sarah J , Mehta Rajnikant , Boyd Matthew J , Barber Nick 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesTo compare prevalence and types of dispensing errors and pharmacists’ labelling enhancements, for prescriptions transmitted electronically versus paper prescriptions.DesignNaturalistic stepped wedge study.Setting15 English community pharmacies.InterventionElectronic transmission of prescriptions between prescriber and pharmacy.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of labelling errors, content errors and labelling enhancements (beneficial additions to the instructions), as identified by researchers visiting each pharmacy.ResultsOverall, we identified labelling errors in 5.4% of 16 357 dispensed items, and content errors in 1.4%; enhancements were made for 13.6%. Pharmacists also edited the label for a further 21.9% of electronically transmitted items. Electronically transmitted prescriptions had a higher prevalence of labelling errors (7.4% of 3733 items) than other prescriptions (4.8% of 12 624); OR 1.46 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.76). There was no difference for content errors or enhancements. The increase in labelling errors was mainly accounted for by errors (mainly at one pharmacy) involving omission of the indication, where specified by the prescriber, from the label. A sensitivity analysis in which these cases (n=158) were not considered errors revealed no remaining difference between prescription types.ConclusionsWe identified a higher prevalence of labelling errors for items transmitted electronically, but this was predominantly accounted for by local practice in a single pharmacy, independent of prescription type. Community pharmacists made labelling enhancements to about one in seven dispensed items, whether electronically transmitted or not. Community pharmacists, prescribers, professional bodies and software providers should work together to agree how items should be dispensed and labelled to best reap the benefits of electronically transmitted prescriptions. Community pharmacists need to ensure their computer systems are promptly updated to help reduce errors.
STOP!: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of methoxyflurane for the treatment of acute pain
Authors: Coffey Frank , Wright John , Hartshorn Stuart , Hunt Paul , Locker Thomas , Mirza Kazim , Dissmann Patrick 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of methoxyflurane for the treatment of acute pain in patients presenting to an emergency department (ED) with minor trauma.MethodsSTOP! was a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled study conducted at six sites in the UK. A total of 300 patients, 90 of whom were adolescent patients (age 12–17 years), were randomised 150:150 to receive either methoxyflurane via a Penthrox inhaler or placebo. The primary end point of the study was the change in pain intensity as measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) from baseline to 5, 10, 15 and 20 min after the start of study drug inhalation. Patients were supplied with one inhaler containing 3 mL methoxyflurane or 5 mL placebo after enrolment and initial assessments. Age group (adolescent/adult) and baseline VAS score were controlled for in the statistical analyses.ResultsA total of 149 patients received methoxyflurane, and 149 patients received placebo. Demographic and baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. Methoxyflurane reduced pain severity significantly more than placebo (p<0.0001) at all time points tested, with the greatest estimated treatment effect of −18.5 mm (adjusted change from baseline) seen at 15 min after the start of treatment. Methoxyflurane was well tolerated, with the majority of adverse reactions being mild, transient and in line with anticipated pharmacological action.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that methoxyflurane administered via the Penthrox inhaler is an efficacious, safe, and rapidly acting analgesic.Trial registration number:NCT01420159.
The experiences and perceptions of family planning of female Chinese asylum seekers living in the UK
Authors: Verran Alice , Evans Sarah , Lin Daniel J , Griffiths Frances 
Published: April 2014

IntroductionChinese family planning policy is unique. There is limited sex education and the state is highly influential. This has resulted in extremely wide coverage of contraception with long-acting methods being favoured. The Chinese constitute a large proportion of asylum applicants to the UK. This study examines how their experiences and decisions about family planning in the UK are shaped by their cultural background.MethodsData were drawn from 10 semi-structured qualitative interviews with female Chinese asylum seekers recruited through a family planning clinic in the UK.ResultsThe increased autonomy provided by the UK system was appreciated by the participants. Choice of contraceptive method was influenced by traditional cultural beliefs and values, and the effect of hormonal contraception on menstruation was particularly concerning. Women arrived from China with little knowledge of contraception. Friends from a similar background were the most trusted source of advice. When transitioning from China to the UK unwanted pregnancies had occurred amongst unmarried women who had missed out on sex education while living in China.ConclusionsChinese societal and cultural practices continue to influence family planning decisions made within the UK. Culturally competent health strategies are needed to ensure Chinese immigrant women fully benefit from family planning within the UK.
Seismic geomorphology and sequence stratigraphy as tools for the prediction of reservoir facies distribution: an example from the Paleocene and earliest Eocene of the South Buchan Graben, Outer Moray Firth Basin, UKCS
Authors: Thomas Ruth , Hartley Adrian J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A seismic stratigraphic analysis constrained by well and wireline log data has been undertaken on the Paleocene and earliest Eocene succession of the South Buchan Graben (Quadrants 20 and 21), Outer Moray Firth Basin (OMFB). Two principal sequences have been described relating to two regressive/transgressive second-order cycles of relative sea-level change. The Maureen, Andrew, Glamis Tuff and Balmoral sandstone members are expressed as a stacked set of lowstand basin floor fans separated by mudstone intervals representing four cycles of third-order relative sea-level change. The Sele and Balder formations contain both basinal and shelfal packages as an expression of two cycles of third-order relative sea-level change. The Forties Sandstone Member is deposited within highly mounded, levee-confined channels downlapped by a prograding slope succession with well-defined clinoforms and deltaic topsets attributed to the Dornoch and Beauly formations. The individual parasequences of the prograding wedge are related to higher-order eustatic fluctuations with incision and slope fans, attributed to the Cromarty Sandstone Member, deposited during periods of relative sea-level lowstand.
It is demonstrated that through the integration of lithostratigraphic, seismic geomorphological and sequence stratigraphic analyses an understanding of depositional environments and the distribution of facies within them can be obtained. The identification of basinal and slope features with reservoir potential, along with an understanding of their chronostratigraphic relationship to sealing facies, play an important role in regional play fairway mapping and risk analysis in this area and beyond. Future prospectivity within mature basins, such as the OMFB, relies on subtle stratigraphic traps typical of lowstand systems tracts, where the main risk is associated with reservoir quality and containment.
Sm:HAp Nanopowders Present Antibacterial Activity against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Ciobanu Carmen Steluta , Popa Cristina Liana , Predoi Daniela 
Published: April 2014

The synthesis of nanoparticles with inhibitory and bactericidal effects represents a great interest in development of new materials for biological applications. In this paper we present for the first time the synthesis of nanoparticles at low temperature and primary tests concerning the adherence of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (gram‐positive bacteria). All the XRD peaks were indexed in accordance with the hexagonal HAp in P63m space group. The EDAX spectrum and elemental mapping of O, P, Ca, and Sm demonstrate that all the elements were homogeneously distributed in with xSm = 0.03. The peaks at 347.3 eV, 532.1 eV, and 133.8 eV in the XPS spectra can be attributed to the binding energy of Ca 2p, O 1s, and P 2p. The peak at 1084.4 eV observed in was attributed to the Sm 3d5/2. Bacterial adhesion was reduced on sample when compared to pure HAp (xSm = 0) and significant differences in bacterial adhesion on pure HAp (x = 0) and Sm:HAp (xSm = 0.01, xSm = 0.03, and xSm = 0.1) were observed. The bacterial adhesion decreased when the samarium concentrations increased. Finally, we demonstrate that the Sm:HAp nanopowder with xSm > 0 showed high antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212.
Promising SINEs for Embargoing Nuclear–Cytoplasmic Export as an Anticancer Strategy
Authors: Tan David S.P. , Bedard Philippe L. , Kuruvilla John , Siu Lillian L. , Razak Albiruni R. Abdul 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In cancer cells, the nuclear–cytoplasmic transport machinery is frequently disrupted, resulting in mislocalization and loss of function for many key regulatory proteins. In this review, the mechanisms by which tumor cells co-opt the nuclear transport machinery to facilitate carcinogenesis, cell survival, drug resistance, and tumor progression will be elucidated, with a particular focus on the role of the nuclear–cytoplasmic export protein. The recent development of a new generation of selective inhibitors of nuclear export (XPO1 antagonists) and how these novel anticancer drugs may bring us closer to the implementation of this therapeutic strategy in the clinic will be discussed.
Significance: The nuclear transport mechanism is dysregulated in many malignancies and is associated with dysfunction of many regulatory proteins. Targeting this mechanism as an anticancer strategy has been compelling, and novel agents that selectively inhibit the nuclear export pathway have demonstrated preliminary evidence of clinical efficacy with an acceptable safety profile. Cancer Discov; 4(5); 527–37. ©2014 AACR.
Complement 5a Receptor Mediates Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiac Inflammation and Remodeling
Authors: Zhang Congcong , Li Yulin , Wang Chunxiao , Wu Yina , Cui Wei , Miwa Takashi , Sato Sayaka , Li Huihua , Song Wen-Chao , Du Jie 
Published: April 2014

Objective—
Inflammation contributes to hypertension-induced cardiac damage and fibrotic remodeling. Complement activation produces anaphylatoxins, which are major inflammatory effectors. Here, we investigated the role of complement anaphylatoxins in angiotensin II (Ang II)–induced cardiac remodeling.

Approach and Results—
We measured human plasma levels of complement anaphylatoxins in hypertensive individuals and controls and studied the role of complement activation in a mouse model of Ang II–induced hypertension and cardiac injury. We found that complement 5a (C5a) concentration was more elevated in hypertensive individuals than in controls. Infusion of Ang II in mice for 7 days led to increased anaphylatoxin concentration in plasma and perivascular C3b deposition in the heart. C5a receptor (C5aR)–deficient but not C3a receptor–deficient mice exhibited markedly reduced cardiac remodeling and inflammation after Ang II infusion. Pharmacological inhibition of C5a production by an anti-C5 monoclonal antibody produced similar effects to C5aR deficiency. Bone marrow chimera experiments revealed that C5aR expression on bone marrow–derived cells was critical in mediating Ang II–induced cardiac injury and remodeling. The C5aR pathway regulated the expression of adhesion molecules on peripheral monocytes, as well as infiltration and cytokine production of macrophage in the heart.

Conclusions—
Complement is activated in hypertensive hearts, and the C5aR signaling pathway on blood monocytes/macrophages plays a pathological role in Ang II–induced cardiac inflammation and remodeling. Therapeutic inhibition of complement may protect patients from hypertension-related heart injury.
Periprocedural Stroke and Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation With Different Anticoagulation Management
Authors: Di Biase Luigi , Burkhardt J. David , Santangeli Pasquale , Mohanty Prasant , Sanchez Javier E. , Horton Rodney , Gallinghouse G. Joseph , Themistoclakis Sakis , Rossillo Antonio , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Reddy Madhu , Hao Steven , Hongo Richard , Beheiry Salwa , Zagrodzky Jason , Rong Bai , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Elayi Claude S. , Forleo Giovanni , Pelargonio Gemma , Narducci Maria Lucia , Russo Antonio Dello , Casella Michela , Fassini Gaetano , Tondo Claudio , Schweikert Robert A. , Natale Andrea 
Published: April 2014

Background—
Periprocedural thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events are worrisome complications of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). The periprocedural anticoagulation management could play a role in the incidence of these complications. Although ablation procedures performed without warfarin discontinuation seem to be associated with lower thromboembolic risk, no randomized study exists.

Methods and Results—

This was a prospective, open-label, randomized, parallel-group, multicenter study assessing the role of continuous warfarin therapy in preventing periprocedural thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events after radiofrequency catheter ablation. Patients with CHADS
2
score ≥1 were included. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the off-warfarin or on-warfarin arm. The incidence of thromboembolic events in the 48 hours after ablation was the primary end point of the study. The study enrolled 1584 patients: 790 assigned to discontinue warfarin (group 1) and 794 assigned to continuous warfarin (group 2). No statistical difference in baseline characteristics was observed. There were 39 thromboembolic events (3.7% strokes [n=29] and 1.3% transient ischemic attacks [n=10]) in group 1: two events (0.87%) in patients with paroxysmal AF, 4 (2.3%) in patients with persistent AF, and 33 (8.5%) in patients with long-standing persistent AF. Only 2 strokes (0.25%) in patients with long-standing persistent AF were observed in group 2 (
P
<0.001). Warfarin discontinuation emerged as a strong predictor of periprocedural thromboembolism (odds ratio, 13; 95% confidence interval, 3.1–55.6;
P
<0.001).

Conclusion—
This is the first randomized study showing that performing catheter ablation of AF without warfarin discontinuation reduces the occurrence of periprocedural stroke and minor bleeding complications compared with bridging with low-molecular-weight heparin.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01006876.
Patient-Accessible Tool for Shared Decision Making in Cardiovascular Primary Prevention
Authors: Fontana Marianna , Asaria Perviz , Moraldo Michela , Finegold Judith , Hassanally Khalil , Manisty Charlotte H. , Francis Darrel P. 
Published: April 2014

Background—
Primary prevention guidelines focus on risk, often assuming negligible aversion to medication, yet most patients discontinue primary prevention statins within 3 years. We quantify real-world distribution of medication disutility and separately calculate the average utilities for a range of risk strata.

Method and Results—
We randomly sampled 360 members of the general public in London. Medication aversion was quantified as the gain in lifespan required by each individual to offset the inconvenience (disutility) of taking an idealized daily preventative tablet. In parallel, we constructed tables of expected gain in lifespan (utility) from initiating statin therapy for each age group, sex, and cardiovascular risk profile in the population. This allowed comparison of the widths of the distributions of medication disutility and of group-average expectation of longevity gain. Observed medication disutility ranged from 1 day to >10 years of life being required by subjects (median, 6 months; interquartile range, 1–36 months) to make daily preventative therapy worthwhile. Average expected longevity benefit from statins at ages ≥50 years ranges from 3.6 months (low-risk women) to 24.3 months (high-risk men).

Conclusion—
We can no longer assume that medication disutility is almost zero. Over one-quarter of subjects had disutility exceeding the group-average longevity gain from statins expected even for the highest-risk (ie, highest-gain) group. Future primary prevention studies might explore medication disutility in larger populations. Patients may differ more in disutility than in prospectively definable utility (which provides only group-average estimates). Consultations could be enriched by assessing disutility and exploring its reasons.