bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryoballoon versus Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: WASSERLAUF JEREMIAH , PELCHOVITZ DANIEL J. , RHYNER JOHN , VERMA NISHANT , BOHN MARTHA , LI ZHI , ARORA RISHI , CHICOS ALEXANDRU B. , GOLDBERGER JEFFREY J. , KIM SUSAN S. , LIN ALBERT C. , KNIGHT BRADLEY P. , PASSMAN ROD S. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundCatheter ablation is an established treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). Cryoballoon ablation (CBA) has emerged as an alternative to radiofrequency ablation (RFA). However, there are few data comparing these modalities for treatment of paroxysmal AF (pAF) in the U.S. population. The purpose of this study was to compare procedural times, safety, and efficacy of CBA against RFA.MethodsA single‐center prospective cohort study evaluated patients who underwent catheter ablation for pAF using CBA or RFA between January 1, 2010 and October 31, 2013. Patients with prior ablation and those without rhythm follow‐up for at least 3 months were excluded. The primary end point was freedom from AF, atrial flutter, and atrial tachycardia (FFAF) >30 seconds after a 3‐month blanking period without requirement for antiarrhythmic drugs. We also compared rates of successful pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), fluoroscopy and procedure times, and major complication rates.ResultsA total of 201 patients were included (CBA = 101, RFA = 100). The rate of successful PVI was 99.3% in CBA versus 97.4% in RFA (P = 0.08). Procedure times were shorter with CBA (192.9 ± 44.0 minutes vs 283.7 ± 78.0 minutes, P < 0.001) as well as total fluoroscopy times (46.0 ± 22.4 minutes vs 73.0 ± 30.1 minutes, P < 0.001). Overall complication rates were equivalent; however, fewer cardiac perforations occurred with CBA (0% vs 4%, P = 0.042). The 1‐year FFAF rates were 60.3% for CBA and 61.1% for RFA (log rank P = 0.93).ConclusionCBA was associated with equivalent 1‐year FFAF rate as RFA for pAF. Procedure and fluoroscopy times were shorter for CBA and fewer cardiac perforations occurred.
Progress in genetic engineering of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)—A review
Authors: Krishna Gaurav , Singh Birendra K. , Kim Eun‐Ki , Morya Vivek K. , Ramteke Pramod W. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a major species of the family, Leguminosae, and economically important not only for vegetable oil but as a source of proteins, minerals and vitamins. It is widely grown in the semi‐arid tropics and plays a role in the world agricultural economy. Peanut production and productivity is constrained by several biotic (insect pests and diseases) and abiotic (drought, salinity, water logging and temperature aberrations) stresses, as a result of which crop experiences serious economic losses. Genetic engineering techniques such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens and DNA‐bombardment‐mediated transformation are used as powerful tools to complement conventional breeding and expedite peanut improvement by the introduction of agronomically useful traits in high‐yield background. Resistance to several fungal, virus and insect pest have been achieved through variety of approaches ranging from gene coding for cell wall component, pathogenesis‐related proteins, oxalate oxidase, bacterial chloroperoxidase, coat proteins, RNA interference, crystal proteins etc. To develop transgenic plants withstanding major abiotic stresses, genes coding transcription factors for drought and salinity, cytokinin biosynthesis, nucleic acid processing, ion antiporter and human antiapoptotic have been used. Moreover, peanut has also been used in vaccine production for the control of several animal diseases. In addition to above, this study also presents a comprehensive account on the influence of some important factors on peanut genetic engineering. Future research thrusts not only suggest the use of different approaches for higher expression of transgene(s) but also provide a way forward for the improvement of crops.
Photosynthetic terpene hydrocarbon production for fuels and chemicals
Authors: Wang Xin , Ort Donald R. , Yuan Joshua S. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryPhotosynthetic hydrocarbon production bypasses the traditional biomass hydrolysis process and represents the most direct conversion of sunlight energy into the next‐generation biofuels. As a major class of biologically derived hydrocarbons with diverse structures, terpenes are also valuable in producing a variety of fungible bioproducts in addition to the advanced ‘drop‐in’ biofuels. However, it is highly challenging to achieve the efficient redirection of photosynthetic carbon and reductant into terpene biosynthesis. In this review, we discuss four major scientific and technical barriers for photosynthetic terpene production and recent advances to address these constraints. Collectively, photosynthetic terpene production needs to be optimized in a systematic fashion, in which the photosynthesis improvement, the optimization of terpene biosynthesis pathway, the improvement of key enzymes and the enhancement of sink effect through terpene storage or secretion are all important. New advances in synthetic biology also offer a suite of potential tools to design and engineer photosynthetic terpene platforms. The systemic integration of these solutions may lead to ‘disruptive’ technologies to enable biofuels and bioproducts with high efficiency, yield and infrastructure compatibility.
Punishment in Humans: From Intuitions to Institutions
Authors: Cushman Fiery 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHumans have a strong sense of who should be punished, when, and how. Many features of these intuitions are consistent with a simple adaptive model: Punishment evolved as a mechanism to teach social partners how to behave in future interactions. Yet, it is clear that punishment as practiced in modern contexts transcends any biologically evolved mechanism; it also depends on cultural institutions including the criminal justice system and many smaller analogs in churches, corporations, clubs, classrooms, and so on. These institutions can be thought of as a kind of ‘exaptation’: a culturally evolved set of norms that exploits biologically evolved intuitions about when punishment is deserved in order to achieve cooperative benefits for social groups.
Naturalistic Theories of Life after Death
Authors: Steinhart Eric 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAfter rejecting substance dualism, some naturalists embrace patternism. It states that persons are bodies and that bodies are material machines running abstract person programs. Following Aristotle, these person programs are souls. Patternists adopt four‐dimensionalist theories of persistence: Bodies are 3D stages of 4D lives. Patternism permits at least six types of life after death. It permits quantum immortality, teleportation, salvation through advanced technology, promotion out of a simulated reality, computational monadology, and the revision theory of resurrection.
Hindering Harm and Preserving Purity: How Can Moral Psychology Save the Planet?
Authors: Rottman Joshua , Kelemen Deborah , Young Liane 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe issues of climate change and environmental degradation elicit diverse responses. This paper explores how an understanding of human moral psychology might be used to motivate conservation efforts. Moral concerns for the environment can relate to issues of harm (i.e., causing pain or impinging on another's welfare) or impurity (i.e., engaging in sacrilegious, polluting, or disgusting actions). Aversions to harm are linked to concern for current or future generations, non‐human animals, and anthropomorphized aspects of the environment. Concerns for purity are linked to viewing the environment as imbued with sacred value and therefore worthy of being protected at all costs. While both harm‐based and purity‐based framings of environmental issues can sometimes backfire, we argue that making these moral concerns salient can nevertheless bring about moral responses to environmental issues. In sum, scientists' emerging knowledge about the moral mind can be used to facilitate the sustainable conservation of the planet.
Don't Mind the Gap: Sinology as an Art of In‐Betweenness
Authors: Standaert Nicolas 
Published: January 2015

Abstract(New) Sinology is like a Chinese ritual dance: the key is not the movement, but rather the positions (shi ), the moments of non‐action ‘in between’, that make rhythm and transformation possible. (New) Sinology itself occupies an in‐between position in the landscape of academic disciplines, though it is not the only one to undertake this dance, as various disciplines engage themselves into a similar quest. Its distinctiveness as intellectual inquiry is to point at intervals, interstices, gaps, cracks, pauses, poses, in‐between moments or zones in culture and human life. In that sense, Sinology does ‘mind’ gaps.
A comparison of the sedimentary records of the 1960 and 2010 great Chilean earthquakes in 17 lakes: Implications for quantitative lacustrine palaeoseismology
Authors: Van Daele Maarten , Moernaut Jasper , Doom Lindsey , Boes Evelien , Fontijn Karen , Heirman Katrien , Vandoorne Willem , Hebbeln Dierk , Pino Mario , Urrutia Roberto , Brümmer Robert , De Batist Marc 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSeismically‐induced event deposits embedded in the sedimentary infill of lacustrine basins are highly useful for palaeoseismic reconstructions. Recent, well‐documented, great megathrust earthquakes provide an ideal opportunity to calibrate seismically‐induced event deposits for lakes with different characteristics and located in different settings. This study used 107 short sediment cores to investigate the sedimentary impact of the 1960 Mw 9·5 Valdivia and the 2010 Mw 8·8 Maule earthquakes in 17 lakes in South‐Central Chile (i.e. lakes Negra, Lo Encañado, Aculeo, Vichuquén, Laja, Villarrica, Calafquén, Pullinque, Pellaifa, Panguipulli, Neltume, Riñihue, Ranco, Maihue, Puyehue, Rupanco and Llanquihue). A combination of image analysis, magnetic susceptibility and grain‐size analysis allows identification of five types of seismically‐induced event deposits: (i) mass‐transport deposits; (ii) in situ deformations; (iii) lacustrine turbidites with a composition similar to the hemipelagic background sediments (lacustrine turbidites type 1); (iv) lacustrine turbidites with a composition different from the background sediments (lacustrine turbidites type 2) and (v) megaturbidites. These seismically‐induced event deposits were compared to local seismic intensities of the causative earthquakes, eyewitness reports, post‐earthquake observations, and vegetation and geomorphology of the catchment and the lake. Megaturbidites occur where lake seiches took place. Lacustrine turbidites type 2 can be the result of: (i) local near‐shore mass wasting; (ii) delta collapse; (iii) onshore landslides; (iv) debris flows or mudflows; or (v) fluvial reworking of landslide debris. On the contrary, lacustrine turbidites type 1 are the result of shallow mass wasting on sublacustrine slopes covered by hemipelagic sediments. Due to their more constrained origin, lacustrine turbidites type 1 are the most reliable type of seismically‐induced event deposits in quantitative palaeoseismology, because they are almost exclusively triggered by earthquake shaking. Moreover, they most sensitively record varying seismic shaking intensities. The number of lacustrine turbidites type 1 linearly increases with increasing seismic intensity, starting with no lacustrine turbidites type 1 at intensities between V½ and VI and reaching 100% when intensities are higher than VII½. Combining different types of seismically‐induced event deposits allows the reconstruction of the complete impact of an earthquake.
Impacts of biochar and processed poultry manure, applied to a calcareous soil, on the growth of bean and maize
Authors: Inal A. , Gunes A. , Sahin O. , Taskin M. B. , Kaya E. C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDirect use of poultry manure on agricultural lands may cause environmental concerns, so there is a need to establish the suitability of the application of biochar derived from poultry manure for calcareous soil chemical properties and plant growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of processed poultry manure (0, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg) and its biochar (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg) on soil chemical properties of a calcareous soil and growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and maize (Zea mays) plants. In the incubation experiment, both processed poultry manure (PPM) and biochar decreased pH and the concentration of plant‐available Fe of soil but increased plant‐available P, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations.PPMand biochar increased the concentrations of exchangeable cations (K, Ca and Mg) in soil.PPMand biochar applications increased the growth of maize and bean plants.PPMand biochar resulted in increased concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in bean plants. In maize plants,PPMand biochar applications increased the N, P, K, Zn, Cu and Mn but decreased the Ca and Mg concentrations. Results of this study reveal that poultry manure biochar can be used effectively for agricultural purposes.
Phylogeny and evolution of phytophagous ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachnini), with recognition of new genera
Authors: SZAWARYN KAROL , BOCAK LADISLAV , ŚLIPIŃSKI ADAM , ESCALONA HERMES E. , TOMASZEWSKA WIOLETTA 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPhytophagous ladybird beetles of the tribe Epilachnini are a cosmopolitan, species‐rich group of significant economic importance as pests of agricultural crops. The tribe is well characterized morphologically and clearly monophyletic, but very little is known about its internal phylogenetic relationships and their genus‐level taxonomy. In order to infer the evolutionary history of Epilachnini, test its monophyly and provide a phylogeny‐based classification, we assembled a comprehensive dataset, consisting of four DNA markers (18S and 28S rRNA and 16S, COI mtDNA) and a matrix of 104 morphological characters for 153 species of Epilachnini representing all previously recognised genera, ∼11% of the known species, and 14 outgroup taxa. Molecular, morphological and combined datasets were analysed using maximum likelihood, parsimony and Bayesian inference. Bayes factors and Approximately Unbiased tests (AU) were used to compare alternative phylogenetic hypotheses of unconstrained and backbone‐constrained analysis. Only 14 of the 25 included genera were recovered monophyletic, as originally defined. Afidentula Kapur, Afidenta Dieke, Afissula Kapur, Epilachna Chevrolat, Henosepilachna Li Toxotoma Weise and Mada Mulsant are shown to be poly‐ or paraphyletic; Chnootriba Chevrolat, Subafissa Bielawski, Lalokia Szawaryn & Tomaszewska and Papuaepilachna Szawaryn & Tomaszewska form monophyletic groups within larger clades of genus level. All of these genera are redefined here. The two largest genera of Epilachnini, Epilachna Chevrolat and Henosepilachna Li were represented by multiple monophyletic clades, which we described as new genera: Chazeauiana Tomaszewska & Szawaryn gen.n.; Diekeana Tomaszewska & Szawaryn gen.n.; Fuerschia Tomaszewska & Szawaryn gen.n. and Ryszardia Tomaszewska & Szawaryn gen.n. The following new synonyms are proposed: Afissa Dieke (=Afissula Kapur); Henosepilachna Li in Li & Cook (=Subafissa Bielawski); Papuaepilachna Szawaryn & Tomaszewska (=Lalokia Szawaryn & Tomaszewska).This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:440E7FA4‐C859‐47E0‐8335‐30D478CBA8FA.
Love and the stranger: Intimate relationships between Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal people in a very remote Aboriginal town, northern Australia
Authors: Dalley Cameo 
Published: January 2015

Intimate relationships between Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal people have generally been pursued within the transactional modalities afforded by economy and kinship (e.g. Hamilton 1972; Tonkinson 1990; Redmond 2005). A parallel anthropological literature (e.g. Myers 1979; Venkatesan et al. 2011), however, has critiqued these emphases, and has instead highlighted the need to consider the emotional experiences of individuals. One of the types of individuals considered here is the stranger, a figurative character that Simmel (1950: 403) described as ‘no owner of soil’. In this paper I explore the experiences of one of these strangers, ‘Andrew’, a non‐Aboriginal man who was the partner of an Aboriginal woman and living in the remote Aboriginal town of Mornington Island in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria. In interpreting Andrew's experiences, I argue for an analytic frame based on understanding how transformative personal encounters including love can bring together and sustain relationships between those of (sometimes) vastly different socio‐cultural backgrounds.
Male sterility in Arabidopsis induced by overexpression of a MYC5‐SRDX chimeric repressor
Authors: Figueroa Pablo , Browse John 
Published: January 2015

SummaryJasmonate hormone (JA) plays critical roles in both plant defense and reproductive development. Arabidopsis thaliana plants deficient in JA‐biosynthesis or ‐signaling are male‐sterile, with defects in stamen and pollen development. MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4 are JAZ‐interacting bHLH transcription factors that play a major role in controlling JA responses in vegetative tissue, but are not likely to play a role in reproductive tissue. We found that a closely related transcription factor, MYC5 (bHLH28), was able to induce JAZ promoters that control some of the early JA‐responsive genes in a Daucus carota (carrot) protoplast expression system. A G‐box sequence in the JAZ2 promoter was necessary and sufficient for induction by MYC5 (as it is for MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4), and induction of JAZ genes was repressed by co‐expression of a stabilized, JAZ1ΔJas repressor. Two allelic myc5 mutants exhibited no overt phenotype; however, transgenic lines expressing MYC5 fused to an SRDX (SUPERMAN repressive domain X) motif phenocopied mutants defective in JA signaling. In particular, MYC5‐SRDX plants were male‐sterile, with defects in stamen filament elongation, anther dehiscence and pollen viability. Importantly, expression of MYB21 and other transcription factors required for stamen and pollen maturation was strongly reduced in stamens of MYC5‐SRDX plants relative to the wild type. Taken together, these results indicate that MYC5, probably together with other, redundant transcription factors, may be activated by JA signaling to induce the expression of MYB21 and components required for male fertility.
Sacred Cow Gone to Pasture: A Systematic Evaluation and Integration of Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Hanrahan Kirsten , Wagner Michele , Matthews Grace , Stewart Stephanie , Dawson Cindy , Greiner Joseph , Pottinger Jean , Vernon‐Levett Paula , Herold Debra , Hottel Rachel , Cullen Laura , Tucker Sharon , Williamson Ann 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundSacred cows (SC) are old habits in practice, considered routine and above dispute, regardless of evidence to the contrary.PurposeThis is the first known report that aims to conduct a systematic evaluation of practices that have been described in the literature as SC and strategies for planned implementation of evidence‐based practices (EBP).MethodsA large, complex, academic medical center department of nursing compared SC to EBP. Nurses systematically reviewed and rated the degree to which current practices adhered to best‐evidence versus SC. This initiative, “Sacred Cow: Gone to Pasture,” was developed, structured, and implemented according to the Iowa Model of Evidence‐Based Practice to Promote Quality Care, as well as Everett Rogers’ Diffusions of Innovations Theory. Implementation of EBP followed a phase plan using the Implementation Strategies for Evidence‐Based Practice to help to support adoption and integration.ResultsReview of organization‐specific policies and procedures and reports of actual practices revealed that SC persist, even in a center internationally recognized as a leader in EBP. The SC initiative caught the attention of busy clinicians, and raised awareness of SC and the importance of adherence to EBP. The SC initiative resulted in policy and practice changes and sparked new EBP and research, resulting in numerous improvements, including a significant decline in catheter‐associated urinary tract infections and shifting from basins to commercially prepared cloths for patient bathing.Linking Evidence to ActionA strategic approach is crucial to eliminating SC and integrating EBP. This report calls nurses globally to action, to identify and abandon ineffective healthcare practices. Further research should compare and test the efficacy of implementation strategies, in particular how to sustain EBP in clinical settings.
3D calculation of radiation‐induced second cancer risk including dose and tissue response heterogeneities
Authors: Timlin C. , Warren D. R. , Rowland B. , Madkhali A. , Loken J. , Partridge M. , Jones B. , Kruse J. , Miller R. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose:Tools for comparing relative induced second cancer risk, to inform choice of radiotherapy treatment plan, are becoming increasingly necessary as the availability of new treatment modalities expands. Uncertainties, in both radiobiological models and model parameters, limit the confidence of such calculations. The aim of this study was to develop and demonstrate a software tool to produce a malignant induction probability (MIP) calculation which incorporates patient‐specific dose and allows for the varying responses of different tissue types to radiation.Methods:The tool has been used to calculate relative MIPs for four different treatment plans targeting a subtotally resected meningioma: 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCFRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), intensity‐modulated x‐ray therapy (IMRT), and scanned protons.Results:Two plausible MIP models, with considerably different dose–response relationships, were considered. A fractionated linear–quadratic induction and cell‐kill model gave a mean relative cancer risk (normalized to 3DCFRT) of 113% for VMAT, 16% for protons, and 52% for IMRT. For a linear no‐threshold model, these figures were 105%, 42%, and 78%, respectively. The relative MIP between plans was shown to be significantly more robust to radiobiological parameter uncertainties compared to absolute MIP. Both models resulted in the same ranking of modalities, in terms of MIP, for this clinical case.Conclusions:The results demonstrate that relative MIP is a useful metric with which treatment plans can be ranked, regardless of parameter‐ and model‐based uncertainties. With further validation, this metric could be used to discriminate between plans that are equivalent with respect to other planning priorities.