bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuron‐oligodendrocyte myelination co‐culture derived from embryonic rat spinal cord and cerebral cortex
Authors: Pang Yi , Zheng Baoying , Kimberly Simpson L. , Cai Zhengwei , Rhodes Philip G. , Lin Rick C. S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAn in vitro myelination model derived from rat central nervous system (CNS) remains to be established. Here, we describe a simple and reproducible myelination culture method using dissociated neuron‐oligodendrocyte (OL) co‐cultures from either the embryonic day 16 (E16) rat spinal cord or cerebral cortex. The dissociated cells are plated directly on poly‐L‐lysine‐coated cover slips and maintained in a modified myelination medium that supports both OL and neuron differentiation. The spinal cord derived OL progenitor cells develop quickly into myelin basic protein (MBP)+ mature OLs and start to myelinate axons around 17 days in vitro (DIV17). Myelination reaches its peak around six weeks (DIV40) and the typical nodes of Ranvier are revealed by paranodal proteins Caspr and juxaparanodal protein Kv1.2 immunoreactivity. Electron microscopy (EM) shows typical myelination cytoarchitecture and synaptic organization. In contrast, the cortical‐derived co‐culture requires triiodothyronine (T3) in the culture medium for myelination. Finally, either hypomyelination and/or demyelination can be induced by exposing proinflammatory cytokines or demyelinating agents to the co‐culture, suggesting the feasibility of this modified in vitro myelination model for myelin‐deficit investigation.
Synergistic Catalysis over Bimetallic Alloy Nanoparticles
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Xu Qiang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an important class of catalysts. In many cases, bimetallic alloy NPs have higher catalytic efficiencies than their monometallic counterparts, owing to strong synergy between the metals. In this Review, we survey the research progress on the synergistic effect of bimetallic alloy NPs for catalytic reactions related to fuel cells, such as the electrochemical oxidation of MeOH, EtOH, and formic acid, CO oxidation, the oxygen‐reduction reaction, and the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane, formic acid, hydrous hydrazine, hydrazine borane, etc. In addition, the use of synergistic catalysis in some other important reactions has also been reviewed. Recent developments in synergistic catalysis over bimetallic alloy NPs will provide access to a variety of low‐cost and high‐performance catalysts for laboratory and industrial applications within the next few years.
Chemical and (Photo)‐Catalytical Transformations in Photonic Crystal Fibers
Authors: Schmidt Matthias , Cubillas Ana M. , Taccardi Nicola , Euser Tijmen G. , Cremer Till , Maier Florian , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Russell Philip St. J. , Wasserscheid Peter , Etzold Bastian J. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe concept of employing photonic crystal fibers for chemical and (photo)‐catalytical transformations is presented. These optofluidic microdevices represent a versatile platform where light and fluids can interact for spectroscopic or photoactivation purposes. The use of photonic crystal fibers in chemistry and sensing is reviewed and recent applications as catalytic microreactors are presented. Results on homogeneous catalysis and the immobilization of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in the fiber channels are discussed. The examples demonstrate that combining catalysis and the excellent light guidance of photonic crystal fibers provides unique features for example, for photocatalytic activation and quantitative photospectroscopic reaction analysis.
Cleaved Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as T2 Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Jeon Sung Lan , Chae Min Kyung , Jang Eun Ju , Lee Chulhyun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents are reported to effectively improve magnetic resonance imaging of tissues and cells. In this work, cleaved iron oxide nanoparticles (CIONPs) were generated from hydrophobic FeO nanoparticles (HIONPs) by coating their surfaces with PEG‐phospholipids, oxidizing them under water, and slowly removing the residual FeO phase in phthalate buffer. The synthesized CIONPs showed good r2 values of up to 258 s−1 mM−1. Thus, the CIONPs can be employed as vectors for drug delivery due to their unique structure with an empty inner space, which enables their use in a wide range of applications.
Ultra‐wideband SAW resonator composed of grooved Cu electrodes and its application to tunable filters
Authors: Kadota Michio , Kimura Tetsuya , Ida Yasuyuki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA cognitive radio system, which is being investigated in order to use limited frequency resources effectively, requires a tunable filter with a wide variable frequency range. A wideband resonator is required to realize a tunable filter. It was reported that a resonator composed of a Cu electrode/15° YX‐LiNbO3 had a large bandwidth of 12%. We attempted to fabricate a one‐port resonator composed of a grooved Cu electrode/4° YX‐LiNbO3. This resonator was applied to a tunable filter, and a tunable filter having a tunable range of 6.8% in the center frequency was experimentally realized using a bandpass‐type filter circuit, and one having a tunable range of 9 to 12% was theoretically realized using a ladder‐type filter circuit. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(2): 32–40, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10408
Electromagnetically dual‐axis driven MEMS grating and its application to 3D profiling with near‐infrared low‐coherence interferometry
Authors: Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Abe Yutaka , Iwamatsu Shinnosuke , Yahagi Toru , Kobayashi Seiya , Konno Shunsuke , Sato Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe have investigated 3D profiling of the objects by a low‐coherence optical interferometer using MEMS grating. This system, constructed with optical fibers and MEMS devices, is a Fourier domain interferometer, which can discriminate distance to the object by wavelength analysis of the interference spectra. A MEMS mirror gives the object 2D optical scanning, and a MEMS grating permits spectroscopy of interference spectra. The MEMS grating can tilt to dual axis with electromagnetic force induced by planar coils and a permanent magnet. One axis tilting enables near‐infrared spectroscopy and another axis tilting functions as optical axis alignment in an interferometer. Fabricated MEMS grating could tilt ±3.5° (mech.)/less than ±10 mA in both directions at low frequency, which were equivalent to approximately 1400 to 1700 nm in wavelength. The interferometer, whose S/N was 50 dB and vertical standard deviation was 0.6 µm, could scan full wavelength width (1400 to 1700 nm) in 25 ms. Finally, we could realize 3D profiling which was not only surface reﬂection profiling of 1‐µm step, but also transparent profiling of IC process layer from the wafer backside. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(2): 9–15, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11452
Nanostructured Screen Printed Graphite Electrode for the Development of a Novel Electrochemical Genosensor
Authors: Ilkhani Hoda , Arvand Majid , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Marrazza Giovanna , Mascini Marco 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe aim of this work is the preparation of DNA‐sensing architectures based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in conjunction with an enzyme‐amplified detection to improve the analytical properties of genosensor. In order to assess the utility of study as DNA‐sensing devices, a thiolated DNA capture probe sequence was immobilized on the gold nanoparticle modified surface. After labeling of the biotinylated hybrid with a streptavidin‐alkaline phosphatase conjugate, the electrochemical detection of the enzymatic product was performed on the surface of a disposable electrode. Two different enzymatic substrates to detect the hybridization event were studied. In the first case, the enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of α‐naphthyl phosphate; the product is electroactive and has been detected by means of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). In the second one, the enzyme catalyzed the precipitation of an insoluble and insulating product on the sensing interface. In this case, the electrochemical transduction of the hybridization process was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
Nonreciprocal chromosomal translocations in renal cancer involve multiple DSBs and NHEJ associated with breakpoint inversion but not necessarily with transcription
Authors: Ali Hanif , Daser Angelika , Dear Paul , Wood Henry , Rabbitts Pamela , Rabbitts Terence 
Published: January 2013

AbstractChromosomal translocations and other abnormalities are central to the initiation of cancer in all cell types. Understanding the mechanism is therefore important to evaluate the evolution of cancer from the cancer initiating events to overt disease. Recent work has concentrated on model systems to develop an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of translocations but naturally occurring events are more ideal case studies since biological selection is absent from model systems. In solid tumours, nonreciprocal translocations are most commonly found, and accordingly we have investigated the recurrent nonreciprocal t(3;5) chromosomal translocations in renal carcinoma to better understand the mechanism of these naturally occurring translocations in cancer. Unexpectedly, the junctions of these translocations can be associated with site‐specific, intrachromosomal inversion involving at least two double strand breaks (DSB) in cis and rejoining by nonhomologous end joining or micro‐homology end joining. However, these translocations are not necessarily associated with transcribed regions questioning accessibility per se in controlling these events. In addition, intrachromosomal deletions also occur. We conclude these naturally occurring, nonreciprocal t(3;5) chromosomal translocations occur after complex and multiple unresolved intrachromosomal DSBs leading to aberrant joining with concurrent interstitial inversion and that clonal selection of cells is the critical element in cancer development emerging from a plethora of DSBs that may not always be pathogenic. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histone methyltransferase Suv39h1 deficiency prevents Myc‐induced chromosomal instability in murine myeloid leukemias
Authors: Vajen Beate , Modlich Ute , Schienke Andrea , Wolf Susanne , Skawran Britta , Hofmann Winfried , Büsche Guntram , Kreipe Hans , Baum Christopher , Santos‐Barriopedro Irene , Vaquero Alejandro , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Rudolph Cornelia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSuv39h1 mediates heterochromatin formation in pericentric and telomeric regions by trimethylation of lysine 9 of histone 3 (H3K9me3). Yet, its role in the induction of chromosomal instability is poorly understood. We established a leukemia model by retrovirally expressing Myc in wild‐type and histone methyltransferase Suv39h1‐deficient hematopoietic cells and characterized the resulting leukemias for chromosomal instability. All mice that received cells overexpressing Myc developed myeloid leukemia with a median survival of 44 days posttransplantation. Myc‐overexpressing wild‐type leukemias demonstrated clones with numerical chromosomal aberrations (5/16). In secondary transplantations of these leukemic cells, structural changes, mostly end‐to‐end fusions of chromosomes, appeared (10/12). In contrast, leukemic cells overexpressing Myc with reduced or no Suv39h1 expression had a normal karyotype in primary, secondary, and tertiary transplantations (16/16). Myc‐transduced Suv39h1‐deficient cells showed less critically short telomeres (P < 0.05) compared with Myc‐transduced wild‐type bone marrow cells. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of genes involved in the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. Thus, we hypothesize that loss of Suv39h1 implies activation of the ALT mechanism, in turn ensuring telomere length and stability. Our data show for the first time that Suv39h1 deficiency may prevent chromosomal instability by more efficient telomere stabilization in hematopoietic bone marrow cells overexpressing Myc. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ACR guidance document on MR safe practices: 2013
Authors:   Expert Panel on MR Safety:, Kanal Emanuel , Barkovich A. James , Bell Charlotte , Borgstede James P. , Bradley William G. , Froelich Jerry W. , Gimbel J. Rod , Gosbee John W. , Kuhni‐Kaminski Ellisa , Larson Paul A. , Lester James W. , Nyenhuis John , Schaefer Daniel Joe , Sebek Elizabeth A. , Weinreb Jeffrey , Wilkoff Bruce L. , Woods Terry O. , Lucey Leonard , Hernandez Dina 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBecause there are many potential risks in the MR environment and reports of adverse incidents involving patients, equipment and personnel, the need for a guidance document on MR safe practices emerged. Initially published in 2002, the ACR MR Safe Practices Guidelines established de facto industry standards for safe and responsible practices in clinical and research MR environments. As the MR industry changes the document is reviewed, modified and updated. The most recent version will reflect these changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:501–530. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Government Cloud Computing and National Data Sovereignty
Authors: Irion Kristina 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGovernment cloud services are a new development at the intersection of electronic government and cloud computing which holds the promise of rendering government service delivery more effective and efficient. Cloud services are virtual, dynamic, and potentially stateless which has triggered governments' concern for data sovereignty. This article explores data sovereignty in relation to government cloud services and how national strategies and international policy evolve. It concludes that data sovereignty presents national governments with a legal risk that cannot be adequately addressed with technology or through contractual arrangements alone. Governments therefore adopt strategies that aim to retain sovereignty over government information.
Insiders and Outsiders: Presentation of Self on Canadian Parliamentary Websites and Newsletters
Authors: Koop Royce , Marland Alex 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAn ongoing theme in the study of elected representatives is how they present themselves to their constituents in order to enhance their re‐election prospects, but there are few examples of studies exploring how elected officials present themselves online. This paper addresses this gap by comparing presentation of self by Canadian Members of Parliament (MPs) on parliamentary websites and in the older medium of parliamentary newsletters. It follows Gulati (2004; The International Journal of Press/Politics 9: 22–40) in using nameplate images of MPs in Parliament and their constituencies as proxies for presentations of self as insiders and outsiders, respectively. Specifically, it asks (1) how MPs present themselves online, (2) whether this differs from presentation in newsletters, and (3) what factors explain presentation of self online. The paper finds that MPs are likely to present themselves as outsiders on their websites, that this differs from patterns observed in newsletters, and that party affiliation plays an important role in shaping self‐presentation online. The implications of these findings and avenues for future research are discussed.
Strategic, Structural, and Individual Determinants of Online Campaigning in German Elections
Authors: Metag Julia , Marcinkowski Frank 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article analyzes various strategic, structural, and individual factors that explain the use of online campaigning in Germany, comparing their relative importance as explanatory variables in national, state, and local elections. Based on candidate surveys of three German elections (at national, state, and local levels) in 2009 and 2010, the results show that strategic and structural variables, such as party membership or the perceived share of indecisive voters, do most to explain online campaigning. Internet‐related perceptions are explanatory in a few cases at the state and local levels; if candidates think that other candidates campaign online they feel obliged to use online media during the election campaign. However, genuine political predictors are still very significant at all federal levels.
Policy Story or Gory Story? Narrative Policy Framework Analysis of Buffalo Field Campaign's YouTube Videos
Authors: McBeth Mark K. , Shanahan Elizabeth A. , Arrandale Anderson Molly C. , Rose Barbara 
Published: January 2013

AbstractInterest groups are increasingly turning to new media such as YouTube as vehicles for indirect lobbying. Such a visual medium provides unprecedented ability for interest groups to enter into and have influence on public policy debates through dissemination of policy preferences to wide audiences. While policy narratives are increasingly becoming the subject of policy research, no empirical research has examined whether interest groups' YouTube visual clips constitute policy narratives, with embedded narrative elements and strategies. To explore the intersection of policy narratives with new media, we use the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to analyze YouTube videos posted by the interest group Buffalo Field Campaign. Our results indicate that the group's videos were moderately strong in narrativity and that gory images were the most powerful predictor for public attention (measured by a rank order of views per month). The implications of our methodology and results for the empirical study of YouTube and its role in public policy are discussed.
CyClus: A fast, comprehensive cylindrical interface approximation clustering/reranking method for rigid‐body protein–protein docking decoys
Authors: Omori Satoshi , Kitao Akio 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe propose a fast clustering and reranking method, CyClus, for protein–protein docking decoys. This method enables comprehensive clustering of whole decoys generated by rigid‐body docking using cylindrical approximation of the protein–proteininterface and hierarchical clustering procedures. We demonstrate the clustering and reranking of 54,000 decoy structures generated by ZDOCK for each complex within a few minutes. After parameter tuning for the test set in ZDOCK benchmark 2.0 with the ZDOCK and ZRANK scoring functions, blind tests for the incremental data in ZDOCK benchmark 3.0 and 4.0 were conducted. CyClus successfully generated smaller subsets of decoys containing near‐native decoys. For example, the number of decoys required to create subsets containing near‐native decoys with 80% probability was reduced from 22% to 50% of the number required in the original ZDOCK. Although specific ZDOCK and ZRANK results were demonstrated, the CyClus algorithm was designed to be more general and can be applied to a wide range of decoys and scoring functions by adjusting just two parameters,pandT. CyClus results were also compared to those from ClusPro. Proteins 2013; © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust Parameter Design of an EDM Process
Authors: Al‐Ghamdi Khalid A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe paper details a robust parameter design of an electrical discharge machining process. The influence of capacitance, pulse off‐time, pulse on‐time and pulse current on both the average and variability of surface roughness and material removal rate of a titanium alloy was investigated. The analysis revealed that to attain robustness against the impact of noise parameters, no capacitance should be applied. Furthermore, increasing pulse on‐time and its current increased the average of both the surface roughness and material removal rate. Two approaches were suggested to deal with the trade‐off between minimizing the former and maximizing the latter. The study confirmed empirically the inferiority of Taguchi's S/N ratios to a robust design method involving the use of log(s) together with a simple graphical tool for determining the appropriate data transformation called lambda plot. In fact, it was revealed that the employed S/N ratios were driven mainly by the average and involved unaided, unexplained and unjustified transformations. The log(s), on the other hand, provided an independent means of quantifying the variability and, when integrated with lambda plot, rendered not only a simplified analysis but also a better process understanding. The study is the first to report the use of this powerful approach in the context of electrical discharge machining parameter design. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 ligand‐receptor system regulates neuro‐glio‐vascular interactions and vessel growth during human brain development
Authors: Virgintino Daniela , Errede Mariella , Rizzi Marco , Girolamo Francesco , Strippoli Maurizio , Wälchli Thomas , Robertson David , Frei Karl , Roncali Luisa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study investigates glio‐vascular interactions in human fetal brain at midgestation, specifically examining the expression and immunolocalization of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 ligand‐receptor axis and its possible role in the vascular patterning of the developing brain. At midgestation, the telencephalic vesicles are characterized by well developed radial glia cells (RGCs), the first differentiated astrocytes and a basic vascular network mainly built of radial vessels. RGCs have been recognized to contribute to cerebral cortex neuro‐vascular architecture and have also been demonstrated to act as a significant source of neural cells (Rakic, Brain Res 33:471–476, 1971; Malatesta et al, Development 127:5253–5263, 2000). According to our hypothesis CXCL12, a potent migration and differentiation chemokine released by RGCs, may act as a linking factor coordinating neuroblast migration with vessel growth and patterning through the activation of different ligand/receptor axes. The obtained results support this hypothesis showing that together with CXCR4/CXCR7‐reactive neuroblasts, which migrate in close association with CXCL12 RGCs, layer‐specific subsets of CXCL12 RGCs and astrocytes specifically contact the microvessel wall. Moreover, the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 system appears to be directly involved in microvessel growth, its members being differentially expressed in angiogenically activated microvessels and vascular sprouts.
High risk of primary liver cancer in a cohort of 179 patients with Acute Hepatic Porphyria
Authors: Sardh Eliane , Wahlin Staffan , Björnstedt Mikael , Harper Pauline , Andersson Dan E. H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground/aimsPrevious studies have indicated a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in acute hepatic porphyrias. In this retrospective study we present the incidence of primary liver cancer and clinical characteristics in a cohort of 179 acute porphyria patients above the age of 50 years.MethodsTwenty‐three cases with primary liver cancer were found either by a surveillance program or due to clinical suspicion. Standardized rate ratio was used to estimate the relative risk of primary liver cancer after indirect standardization. Survival data were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsThe mean age at diagnosis was 69 years. Hepatocellular carcinoma was found in 19 patients while four patients had cholangiocarcinoma or a combination of the two. Four patients had underlying cirrhosis. Mean tumour size was 4.3 cm in the surveillance group and 10.3 cm in the non‐surveillance group (p = 0.01). The overall relative risk of primary liver cancer was 86 above the age of 50: 150 for women and 37 for men. Mean survival time was 5.7 years.ConclusionAcute hepatic porphyria carries a high risk of primary liver cancer above the age of 50 which warrants ultrasound surveillance. Sex distribution and frequency of cirrhosis differs from more common aetiologies of primary liver cancer.