bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large intestinal fermentation capacity of fattening pigs on organic farms as measured in vitro using contrasting substrates
Authors: Sappok Maria , Pellikaan Wilbert F , Verstegen Martin WA , Bosch Guido , Sundrum Albert , Hendriks Wouter H 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn accordance with the EU regulations, organic farms require pigs to be fed diets high in fibre, which may impact on the pigs' large intestinal fermentation capacity. The ability of pigs to ferment non‐starch polysaccharides (NSP) depends on characteristics of the dietary NSP source and microbes present in the large intestine of pigs. Little information exists on the fibre fermentation capacity of organically raised pigs. The aim of this study was to determine the variation in fibre fermentation capacity of fattening pigs within and between organic farms using an in vitro batch culture method and three contrasting substrates: oligofructose, soy pectin and cellulose.ResultsPigs from different organic farms showed varying fermentation capacities as assessed by gas production, kinetics and fermentation end‐products formed (P < 0.01). Coefficients of variation between inocula within farms varied by up to 40% for gas production and kinetics, in particular for incubation with cellulose. No relationship between on‐farm feeding practice and the pigs' fermentation capacity could be established.ConclusionThe fermentation capacity of pigs reared under organic conditions varies considerable between farms. Finishing pigs reared under organic farming conditions are fast fermenters of oligofructose and soy pectin. More than four donor animals should be used per inoculum to accurately assess in vitro fermentation capacity. Fermentation results could not be related to dietary management under on‐farm conditions. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Spatio‐Temporal Patterns of Land Use/Cover Changes Over the Past 20 Years in the Middle Reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang F. , Tiyip T. , Feng Z. D. , Kung H‐T. , Johnson V. C. , Ding J. L. , Tashpolat N. , Sawut M. , Gui D. W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe interaction between land use/cover change and landscape pattern is pivotal in research concerning global environmental change. This study uses three different Landsat images of 1989, 1998 and 2009 to study the land use/cover and landscape pattern changes in the middle reaches of the Tarim River basin. envi®, erdas®, ArcGIS® and fragstats® software were used to analyse the land use/cover changes. The objectives of study were to map and study the changes in land use/cover and landscape pattern, and propose some possible factors in making the land use/cover changes from 1989 to 2009. Seven different types of land use/cover are analysed, and the results are listed in tables. From 1989 to 1998, the percentage of farmland, slight–moderate saline land, heavy saline land and water areas have increased; woodland, desert and the undeveloped land have decreased. From 1998 to 2009, farmland, heavy saline land and the undeveloped land have increased; the other types of land use/cover have decreased. The gravity centre of each land use/cover types has shifted. The farthest shifting of the gravity centre was heavy saline land, which occurred between 1989 and 1998. The transformation and changes of land use/covers and landscape occurred more frequently from 1989 to 2009. Other types of land use and land cover changes to saline land have increased, which implied that a serious salinization took place in the Tarim Basin. The results from this study would show the adverse environmental changes (e.g. salinization and desertification) and they can be used for future sustainable management of land resources. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compact thin ground plane UWB antenna with dual band stop characteristics
Authors: Shinde Pratap N. , Mishra B. K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA compact coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed convex hexagonal‐shaped ultrawide band (UWB) antenna, with L‐shaped thin ground plane for lower frequency band stop function and tapered rectangular vertical slot in radiating patch for upper frequency band stop is presented. The proposed antenna of dimension 40 × 22 × 1.6 mm3 provides good impedance matching over dual operational UWB resonating at 5.4 and 9.6 GHz with fractional bandwidth 69.54 and 33.83%, respectively. The lower frequency stop band in the vicinity of 2.4 GHz and higher frequency stop band in the vicinity of 7 GHz has bandwidth of 3.17 and 1.8 GHz, respectively, to avoid the interference of PCS, GSM 800/1900, ISM, WLAN, and X‐band satellite uplink (7.25–7.75 GHz) and downlink (7.9–8.4 GHz) communication system. The E‐plane radiation pattern observed is bidirectional in nature due to CPW feed and that of the H‐plane pattern is omnidirectional. The resonating lower and higher UWB achieves the peak gain 2.16 and 6.5 dBi, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1045–1049, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27470
A reconfigurable antenna using varactor diode for LTE MIMO applications
Authors: Yoon Cheol , Hwang Sun‐Gook , Lee Gi‐Chan , kim Woo‐Su , Lee Hwa‐Choon , Park Hyo‐Dal 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this article, a mobile embedded antenna having tunable capacitance is proposed and the validity of the proposed solution was proved through design, fabrication, and measurement.The antenna can be applied to long‐term evolution (LTE) as well as DCS/PCS/WCDMA bands being currently used. Antennas for the 4G mobile service are required to expand its bandwidth so that it includes both LTE band and other service bands. However, it is hard to obtain low‐band characteristic due to the limited space for antenna in terminals. The proposed antenna consists of two planar inverted F antennas that are orthogonally arranged. Two radiators should be designed to have equal or enhanced isolation (S21) of lower than −15 dB. To meet this requirement, a varactor diode SMV2109 (skyworks corp.) was used to make the operation frequency of low‐band tunable. With the optimized parameters, the antenna was fabricated and measured and the results have been compared with the simulated result. The antenna satisfied with operation frequency and performance for both low‐band and high‐band, and measured performance of the antenna fabricated with optimized parameters is compared and analyzed with the simulation results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1141–1145, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27479
Analytical method for deriving consistent large–small‐signal field‐effect transistor model
Authors: Bousnina Sami 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article presents a detailed analytical method for deriving consistent large–small‐signal field‐effect transistor (FET) model. This resulted in a set of closed‐form equations relating the large‐signal model parameters to the small‐signal model ones. An improved equivalent circuit is proposed for modeling the transistor under large‐signal operation. In this circuit, RF nonlinear current sources are used to model the distributed effect of the gate–source and gate–drain junctions. The dispersion between DC and RF drain current characteristics is modeled using an improved back‐gating technique. The predictive model capabilities are illustrated with measured and simulated S‐parameters, output power at fundamental and harmonics frequencies of a commercial packaged GaAs FET device. The model is then fully validated by comparing measured and simulated results of output power, efficiency, and intermodulation distortion of a class AB amplifier designed at 1.9 GHz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1001–1008, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27495
Compact dual‐bandstop filter based on composite right/left handed transmission line
Authors: Pan Tao , Song Kaijun , Fan Yong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis letter presents a novel compact dual‐bandstop filter based on composite right/left handed transmission line (CRLH‐TL) resonator. By tuning the length of the shunted stubs in the CRLH‐TL resonator, each of the two stopbands can be controlled independently. The resonant properties of CRLH‐TL resonators are interpreted. A T‐shaped microstrip line is applied to improve the passband performance. The equivalent circuit for the presented filter is developed to analyze its performance and detailed design procedures are presented. The simulated and measured results of the final fabricated dual‐bandstop filter are found in good agreement with each other. The maximum attenuation is 36 dB in the first stopband and 31 dB in the second stopband with a compact size of 0.21 λg×0.15 λg. Furthermore, a wide passband with low insertion loss is also obtained. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:958–962, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27516
Young Mania Rating Scale: how to interpret the numbers? Determination of a severity threshold and of the minimal clinically significant difference in the EMBLEM cohort
Authors: Lukasiewicz Michael , Gerard Stephanie , Besnard Adeline , Falissard Bruno , Perrin Elena , Sapin Helene , Tohen Mauricio , Reed Catherine , Azorin Jean‐Michel ,   The emblem study group
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe aim of this analysis was to identify Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) meaningful benchmarks for clinicians (severity threshold, minimal clinically significant difference [MCSD]) using the Clinical Global Impressions Bipolar (CGI‐BP) mania scale, to provide a clinical perspective to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) results.We used the cohort of patients with acute manic/mixed state of bipolar disorders (N = 3459) included in the European Mania in Bipolar Longitudinal Evaluation of Medication (EMBLEM) study. A receiver‐operating characteristic analysis was performed on randomly selected patients to determine the YMRS optimal severity threshold with CGI‐BP mania score ≥ “Markedly ill” defining severity. The MCSD (clinically meaningful change in score relative to one point difference in CGI‐BP mania for outcome measures) of YMRS, was assessed with a linear regression on baseline data.At baseline, YMRS mean score was 26.4 (±9.9), CGI‐BP mania mean score was 4.8 (±1.0) and 61.7% of patients had a score ≥ 5. The optimal YMRS severity threshold of 25 (positive predictive value [PPV] = 83.0%; negative predictive value [NPV] = 66.0%) was determined. In this cohort, a YMRS score of 20 (typical cutoff for RCTs inclusion criteria) corresponds to a PPV of 74.6% and to a NPV of 77.6%, meaning that the majority of patients included would be classified as severely ill. The YMRS minimal clinically significant difference was 6.6 points. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic association of adrenergic receptor alpha 2A with obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Långberg Ewa‐Carin , Seed Ahmed Mohammed , Efendic Suad , Gu Harvest F. , Östenson Claes‐Göran 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThe sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is linked to glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. The α2A‐adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) is involved in the SNS and mediates inhibition of insulin secretion and lipolysis. The association of ADRA2A single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D) was investigated.Design and MethodsGenotyping was performed in a case–control study of 1,177 Swedish individuals, including lean and obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and T2D patients. ADRA2A mRNA expression was measured in pancreatic islets isolated from T2D patients and nondiabetic subjects.ResultsSNP rs553668 was associated with T2D in men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–2.01; P = 0.015) but this association was lost after adjusting for age and for body mass index (BMI). Associations were also detected when comparing obese NGT and lean NGT subjects (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.07–2.07; P = 0.017), and in obese (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.06–2.49; P = 0.026), but not in lean T2D. In women, multiple logistic regression regarding SNP rs521674 demonstrated an increased OR of 7.61 (95% CI = 1.70–34.17; P = 0.008) for T2D when including age as a covariant. Correcting for BMI removed the significant association. When age was included in the model, association also found when obese T2D patients were compared with lean NGT subjects (P = 0.041). ADRA2A mRNA expression in human pancreatic islets was detectable, but with no statistically significant difference between the diabetic and the control groups.ConclusionsADRA2A genetic polymorphisms are mainly associated with obesity and possibly with T2D in a Swedish population.
Estimation using all available covariate information versus a fixed look‐back window for dichotomous covariates
Authors: Brunelli Steven M. , Gagne Joshua J. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Wang Shirley V. , Patrick Amanda R. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Seeger John D. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeWhen using claims data, dichotomous covariates (C) are often assumed to be absent unless a claim for the condition is observed. When available historical data differs among subjects, investigators must choose between using all available historical data versus data from a fixed window to assess C. Our purpose was to compare estimation under these two approaches.MethodsWe simulated cohorts of 20 000 subjects with dichotomous variables representing exposure (E), outcome (D), and a single time‐invariant C, as well as varying availability of historical data. C was operationally defined under each paradigm and used to estimate the adjusted risk ratio of E on D via Mantel–Haenszel methods.ResultsIn the base case scenario, less bias and lower mean square error were observed using all available information compared with a fixed window; differences were magnified at higher modeled confounder strength. Upon introduction of an unmeasured covariate (F), the all‐available approach remained less biased in most circumstances and rendered estimates that better approximated those that were adjusted for the true (modeled) value of C in all instances.ConclusionsIn most instances considered, operationally defining time‐invariant dichotomous C based on all available historical data, rather than on data observed over a commonly shared fixed historical window, results in less biased estimates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas‐phase oxidation of 2‐propanol over Au/TiO2 catalysts to probe metal–support interactions
Authors: Holz Marie C. , Kähler Kevin , Tölle Katharina , van Veen André C. , Muhler Martin 
Published: March 2013

Abstract2‐Propanol and oxygen were converted over titania and gold nanoparticles supported on titania to investigate the reactivity of the support, the influence of the metal and the role of metal–support interactions. The catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption and transmission electron microscopy. In addition to deriving the degrees of conversion and the yields as a function of temperature, temperature‐programmed desorption and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy were applied in fixed‐bed reactors under continuous flow conditions. Over pure TiO2 above 500 K the acid–base catalyzed dehydration yielding propene and water, the dehydrogenation to acetone and H2, and the oxidative dehydrogenation to acetone and water were found to occur. The additional presence of Au nanoparticles induced the selective oxidation to acetone and H2O at temperatures below 400 K, whereas the selective oxidation to acetone at higher temperatures above 500 K was also observed on pure TiO2. Also the dehydration of 2‐propanol to propene and H2O and, to a minor extent, the total oxidation to CO2 and H2O were catalyzed by Au/TiO2. Therefore, the Au/TiO2 catalyst shows bifunctional properties in oxygen activation needed for the selective oxidation of 2‐propanol. 2‐propoxide species were detected by IR spectroscopy, which are identified as intermediate species in 2‐propanol conversion, whereas strongly bound acetates and carbonates acted as catalyst poison for the selective low‐temperature oxidation route, but not for the high‐temperature route. Selective low‐temperature oxidation is assumed to occur at the perimeter of the Au nanoparticles, which also enhance the high‐temperature oxidation route on TiO2 pointing to a Mars–van Krevelen mechanism based on an enhanced reducibility of TiO2.
Critical analysis of counter mode with cipher block chain message authentication mode protocol—CCMP
Authors: Ahmed Idris , James Anne , Singh Dhananjay 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTCCM/CCMP is a two‐cycle authenticate and encrypt (AE) mode. One cycle is used to perform confidentiality computations, and the second cycle is used to compute authenticity and integrity. CCM/CCMP is also a generic composition. CCM/CCMP is actually made up of two separate modes, CBC‐MAC and AES counter mode amalgamated together. Although CCM/CCMP is an AE mode, it is not an authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) mode. Previous research has suggested that it is a major deficiency for an AE mode not to be an AEAD. Previous critiques of the CCM/CCMP have shown that CBC‐MAC and AES counter mode were poorly amalgamated to create the CCM/CCMP. They also showed that CCMP, which was ratified by the IEEE 802.11i workgroup in 2003 and implemented in WPA2, has some security issues. It also has some major efficiency and complexity issues. This research work reviewed the current major AE and AEAD modes such as the Galois counter mode, and the encryption system with keyed integrity and managed oracle and used critical analysis and statistical analysis approaches to identify more deficiencies in the CCM/CCMP. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Access control for cloud‐based eHealth social networking: design and evaluation
Authors: Bai Yan , Dai Lirong , Chung Sam , Devaraj Durga D. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTeHealth is being rapidly deployed. Lower cost and greater productivity attract government and healthcare enterprise to transit from traditional healthcare service to eHealth service. Security and privacy are growing concerns with the widespread deployment of eHealth and the development of next generation of eHealth services. In this paper, we discuss these security problems and propose a high‐level security framework that captures required features in the next‐generation eHealth infrastructure. Our framework consists of the following: (i) an adaptive trust‐aware tag‐based privacy control to specify which data to share and whom to share with. The fine‐grained control of data access is guaranteed; (ii) a decentralized authorization that relies on trust propagation protocol to provide robust and resilient access control enforcement; and (iii) a hybrid trust management mechanism that addresses access control information depository on a cloud server. It enforces user‐defined access control not only in a distributed environment but also in a privacy‐preserving manner so as to minimize the disclosure of privileges and of access policies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust password changing and DoS resilience for human‐centric password authentication
Authors: Li Xiangxue , Qian Haifeng , Yu Yu , Weng Jian , Wang Ziping 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn password‐based or two‐factor (password and smart card) authentications, password changing is one of common techniques used to improve the security of the systems protected by the password. However, the password‐changing operations in existing password authentications either depend on the login phase or violate the common practice that an old password should not be valid for subsequent login after being updated. On the other hand, password mistyping is very common in reality, which may be random or be skewed by the adversary via technical means or social engineering manipulation [i.e., a kind of denial‐of‐service (DoS) attack]. In human‐centric authentication mechanisms, password changing and DoS resilience are not marginal issues. The paper addresses the requirements of robust password changing in authentication and presents , a password authentication scheme with robust password changing, DoS resilience, and card‐compromise security. Thus, the proposal can be viewed as a suitable candidate instantiation for authentication services of human‐centric security, by embedding in the computer and software systems. also achieves other appealing features, such as self‐healing ability and strong privacy protection, which may be useful for human‐centric applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rigid 6D supersymmetry and localization
Authors: Samtleben Henning , Sezgin Ergin , Tsimpis Dimitrios 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe construct rigid supersymmetric theories for interacting vector and tensor multiplets on six-dimensional Riemannian spin manifolds. Analyzing the Killing spinor equations, we derive the constraints on these theories. To this end, we reformulate the conditions for supersymmetry as a set of necessary and sufficient conditions on the geometry. The formalism is illustrated with a number of examples, including manifolds that are hermitian, strong Kähler with torsion. As an application, we show that the path integral of pure super Yang-Mills theory defined on a Calabi-Yau threefold$ {{\mathcal{M}}_6} $localizes on stable holomorphic bundles over$ {{\mathcal{M}}_6} $.
Synthesis and Physico‐Chemical Studies of Ester‐Quat Surfactants in the Series of (Dodecanoyloxy)propyln‐Alkyl Dimethyl Ammonium Bromide
Authors: Achouri Mohammed El , Alehyen Saliha , Assioui Amina , Chami Rajae , Bensajjay Fatima , Pérez Lourdes , Infante María Rosa 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEster‐quat surfactants in the series of (dodecanoyl oxy) propyln‐alkyl dimethyl ammonium bromide referred to here as LC3Cm(wheremis the hydrocarbon chain lengths 8, 12 and 14) were synthesized and characterized by the usual spectroscopic methods (NMR, IR, MS…). Their physico‐chemical properties were investigated by surface tension and conductimetric measurements. From surface tension measurements, isotherms and thermodynamic adsorption parameters were determined. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), the degree of counter ion dissociation (α) of micelles in the water and the standard Gibbs free energy, of micellization were also determined by conductimetric measurements. The results obtained from both methods were compared to the similar surfactants in the series of quaternary ammonium surfactants. Optical microscopy was also used to study the behavior of anhydrous surfactants and the binary water/surfactant system as a function of temperature.
Fatty Acid Profile of Kenaf Seed Oil
Authors: Razon Luis F. , Bacani Florinda T. , Evangelista Roque L. , Knothe Gerhard 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe fatty acid profile of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed oil has been the subject of several previous reports in the literature. These reports vary considerably regarding the presence and amounts of specific fatty acids, notably (12,13‐epoxy‐9(Z)‐octadecenoic (epoxyoleic) acid, but also cyclic (cyclopropene and cyclopropane) fatty acids. To clarify this matter, two kenaf seed oils (from the Cubano and Dowling varieties of kenaf) were investigated regarding their fatty acid profiles. Both contain epoxyoleic acid, the Cubano sample around 2 % and the Dowling sample 5‐6 % depending on processing. The cyclic fatty acids malvalic and dihydrosterculic were identified in amounts around 1 %. Trace amounts of sterculic acid were observed as were minor amounts of C17:1 fatty acids. The results are discussed in the context of the fatty acid profiles of other hibiscus seed oils.