bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium Pincer‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Primary Alcohols with Secondary Alcohols under Neutral Conditions
Authors: Srimani Dipankar , Balaraman Ekambaram , Gnanaprakasam Boopathy , Ben‐David Yehoshoa , Milstein David 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCross‐dehydrogenative coupling of primary alcohols with secondary alcohols to obtain mixed esters with the liberation of molecular hydrogen is achieved in high yield and good selectivity under neutral conditions, using a bipyridyl‐based PNN ruthenium(II) pincer catalyst.
Genome‐wide association analysis of eating disorder‐related symptoms, behaviors, and personality traits
Authors: Boraska Vesna , Davis Oliver S.P. , Cherkas Lynn F. , Helder Sietske G. , Harris Juliette , Krug Isabel , Pei‐Chi Liao Thomas , Treasure Janet , Ntalla Ioanna , Karhunen Leila , Keski‐Rahkonen Anna , Christakopoulou Danai , Raevuori Anu , Shin So‐Youn , Dedoussis George V. , Kaprio Jaakko , Soranzo Nicole , Spector Tim D. , Collier David A. , Zeggini Eleftheria 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEating disorders (EDs) are common, complex psychiatric disorders thought to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. They share many symptoms, behaviors, and personality traits, which may have overlapping heritability. The aim of the present study is to perform a genome‐wide association scan (GWAS) of six ED phenotypes comprising three symptom traits from the Eating Disorders Inventory 2 [Drive for Thinness (DT), Body Dissatisfaction (BD), and Bulimia], Weight Fluctuation symptom, Breakfast Skipping behavior and Childhood Obsessive‐Compulsive Personality Disorder trait (CHIRP). Investigated traits were derived from standardized self‐report questionnaires completed by the TwinsUK population‐based cohort. We tested 283,744 directly typed SNPs across six phenotypes of interest in the TwinsUK discovery dataset and followed‐up signals from various strata using a two‐stage replication strategy in two independent cohorts of European ancestry. We meta‐analyzed a total of 2,698 individuals for DT, 2,680 for BD, 2,789 (821 cases/1,968 controls) for Bulimia, 1,360 (633 cases/727 controls) for Childhood Obsessive‐Compulsive Personality Disorder trait, 2,773 (761 cases/2,012 controls) for Breakfast Skipping, and 2,967 (798 cases/2,169 controls) for Weight Fluctuation symptom. In this GWAS analysis of six ED‐related phenotypes, we detected association of eight genetic variants with P < 10−5. Genetic variants that showed suggestive evidence of association were previously associated with several psychiatric disorders and ED‐related phenotypes. Our study indicates that larger‐scale collaborative studies will be needed to achieve the necessary power to detect loci underlying ED‐related traits. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of genetic variations in DTNBP1 with cognitive function in schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects
Authors: Baek Ji Hyun , Kim Ji Sun , Ryu Seunghyong , Oh Sohee , Noh Jihae , Lee Woo Kyeong , Park Taesung , Lee Yu‐Sang , Lee Dongsoo , Kwon Jun Soo , Hong Kyung Sue 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe dystrobrevin‐binding protein 1 gene (DTNBP1) has been regarded as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Recent studies have investigated its role on cognitive function that is frequently impaired in schizophrenia patients, and generated inconsistent results. The present study was performed to elucidate effects of genetic variations in DTNBP1 on various cognitive domains in both schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects. Comprehensive neuropsychological tests were administered to 122 clinically stable schizophrenia patients and 119 healthy subjects. Based on positive findings reported in previous association studies, six SNPs were selected and genotyped. Compared to healthy subjects, schizophrenia patients showed expected lower performance for all of the cognitive domains. After adjusting for age, gender, and educational level, four SNPs showed a nominally significant association with cognitive domains. The association of rs760761 and rs1018381 with the attention and vigilance domain remained significant after applying the correction for multiple testing (P < 0.001). Similar association patterns were observed both, in patients and healthy subjects. The observed results suggest the involvement of DTNBP1 not only in the development of attention deficit of schizophrenia, but also in the inter‐individual variability of this cognitive domain within the normal functional range. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Application of Vegetation Indices for the Prospection of Archaeological Features in Grass‐dominated Environments
Authors: Bennett Rebecca , Welham Kate , Hill Ross A. , Ford Andrew L. J. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe identification of archaeological remains via the capture of localized soil and vegetation change in aerial imagery is a widely used technique for the prospection of new features. The near infrared (NIR) region has been shown by environmental applications to exhibit the signs of vigour and stress better than reflectance in the visible region, and this has led to interest in the application of digital spectral data for archaeological prospection. In this study we assess quantitatively the application of 12 common vegetation indices to archive Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager digital spectral data acquisitions from January and May 2001 in a grassland environment. The indices are compared with the true colour composite (TCC), best performing spectral band (711.2 ± 4.9 nm NIR) and the transcription of the aerial photographic archive. The results of the study illustrate that the calculation of a number of vegetation indices can assist with the identification of archaeological features in spectral data. However, the performance of the indices varies by season and although the features detected are shown to be complementary to those detected by the TCC, few indices out‐perform the TCC in terms of feature numbers identified. It was also shown that the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the most commonly applied index in archaeological prospection to date, performed poorly in comparison to indices such as the Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio Index, Simple Ratio Index and Modified Red Edge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. It is therefore recommended that the application of appropriate vegetation indices can enhance archaeological feature detection when combined with the TCC but that the calculation of the NDVI alone is insufficient to detect additional features. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐packed filter plates: A good alternative for pre‐packed filter plates for developing purification processes for therapeutic proteins
Authors: Li Xiaonan , de Roo Guy , Burgers Kim , Ottens Marcel , Eppink Michel 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe use of high‐throughput screening (HTS) has been successfully applied over the past years in downstream process development of therapeutic proteins. Different HTS applications have been introduced to speed up the development of purification processes for these proteins. In the light of these findings, studies were conducted to develop a controlled method of pipetting the right amount of resin into self‐packed filter plates. In total, 13 plates were tested for their suitability in an HTS application. Based on these studies, the Seahorse plate was experimentally verified as the best filter plate. Suitable conditions for preparing a self‐packed plate were established so that linear correlations between resin concentration (POROS 50HS) and UV adsorption (420 nm) were obtained. The accuracy of dispensing the slurry into a microtiter plate was controlled within 1% deviation under established conditions. Overall, self‐packed filter plates are equipped to be used in the development of purification processes in HTS mode.
Mechanistic Study of a One‐Step Catalytic Conversion of Fructose to 2,5‐Dimethyltetrahydrofuran
Authors: Grochowski Matthew R. , Yang Weiran , Sen Ayusman 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCarbohydrates, such as fructose, can be fully dehydroxylated to 2,5‐dimethyltetrahydrofuran (DMTHF), a valuable chemical and potential gasoline substitute, by the use of a dual catalytic system consisting of HI and RhX3 (X=Cl, I). A mechanistic study has been carried out to understand the roles that both acid and metal play in the reaction. HI serves a two‐fold purpose: HI acts as a dehydration agent (loss of 3 H2O) in the initial step of the reaction, and as a reducing agent for the conjugated carbinol group in a subsequent step. I2 is formed in the reduction step and metal‐catalyzed hydrogenation reforms HI. The rhodium catalyst, in addition to catalyzing the reaction of iodine with hydrogen, functions as a hydrogenation catalyst for CO and CC bonds. A general mechanistic scheme for the overall reaction is proposed based on identification of intermediates, independent reactions of the intermediates, and deuterium labeling studies.
Anatomical characterization of bombesin receptor subtype‐3 mRNA expression in the rodent central nervous system
Authors: Zhang Li , Parks Gregory S. , Wang Zhiwei , Wang Lien , Lew Michelle , Civelli Olivier 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBombesin receptor subtype‐3 (BRS‐3) is an orphan G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Mice deficient in BRS‐3 develop late‐onset mild obesity with metabolic defects, while synthetic agonists activating BRS‐3 show antiobesity profiles by inhibiting food intake and increasing metabolic rate in rodent models. The molecular mechanisms and the neural circuits responsible for these effects, however, remain elusive and demand better characterization. We report here a comprehensive mapping of BRS‐3 mRNA in the rat and mouse brain through in situ hybridization. Furthermore, to investigate the neurochemical characteristics of the BRS‐3‐expressing neurons, double in situ hybridization was performed to determine whether BRS‐3 colocalizes with other neurotransmitters or neuropeptides. Many, but not all, of the BRS‐3‐expressing neurons were found to be glutamatergic, while few were found to be cholinergic or GABAergic. BRS‐3‐containing neurons do not express some of the well‐characterized neuropeptides, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), orexin/hypocretin, melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH), thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH), gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH), and kisspeptin. Interestingly, BRS‐3 mRNA was found to partially colocalize with corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) and growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH), suggesting novel interactions of BRS‐3 with stress‐ and growth‐related endocrine systems. Our study provides important information for evaluating BRS‐3 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:1020–1039, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA in the brain of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus
Authors: Toscano‐Márquez Brenda , Dunn Robert J. , Krahe Rüdiger 
Published: August 2012

AbstractVarious neuromodulators have been shown to be involved in shaping the sensory information available to the brain. Acetylcholine (ACh) modulation, through muscarinic receptors, is a particularly widespread mechanism of controlling sensory information transmission. The precise effects of ACh modulation depend on the subtype of muscarinic ACh receptors that are activated. In weakly electric fish, previous work suggested a role of ACh, via muscarinic receptors, in the modulation of information transmission in the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) of the hindbrain. In this study, we determined which muscarinic receptor (mAChR) subtypes are present in the brain of Apteronotus leptorhynchus as well as their spatial distribution. We partially cloned three subtypes of muscarinic receptors (mAChR2, −3, and −4) from brain tissue of A. leptorhynchus and used in situ hybridization in transverse sections of the brain to determine their distributions. Sites labeled for the three muscarinic receptor mRNAs were found in various brain regions devoted to the processing of different sensory modalities. The mRNA probes for the three receptor types showed differential distribution but also overlapping presence of two or more receptors in particular nuclei. In addition to the presence of mAChR3 in the ELL region, electrosensory nuclei including the nucleus praeeminentialis, dorsal torus semicircularis and optic tectum showed expression of one or more mAChRs. Thus, the overall pattern of mAChR expression found is in agreement with mAChR expression in other species, with additional presence evident in specialized regions of the electrosensory system, which suggests an important modulating role of ACh in this sensory modality. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:1054–1072, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solar‐Light‐Driven Photodegradation and Antibacterial Activity of Hierarchical TiO2/ZnO/CuO Material
Authors: Bai Hongwei , Liu Zhaoyang , Sun Darren Delai 
Published: August 2012

AbstractInspired by the highly efficient hierarchical structure of plants that use natural light, the hierarchical “forest‐like” TiO2 nanofiber/ZnO nanorod/CuO nanoparticle ternary material 2 is synthesized by a stepwise process: electrospinning of TiO2 nanofibers, hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorods, and photodeposition of CuO nanoparticles. Material 2 has a higher photodegradation rate of acid orange (AO 7) and stronger antibacterial capability under irradiation with solar light in comparison to that of the hierarchical “tree‐like” TiO2 nanofiber/ZnO nanorod material 1 and one dimensional as‐spun TiO2 nanofibers. These enhancements result from the unique hierarchical forest‐ and tree‐like features of materials 1 and 2, which enhance the light absorption capability, increase the specific surface area for mass transfer and bacteria attachment, create more reaction sites, and retard the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. A proportional relationship was found between the photocatalytic activity and the hierarchy of the materials. The sizes of the hierarchical nanostructured materials are in the micron range, which provides the opportunity for using these materials in engineering applications.
Improved accuracy and reproducibility of enumeration of platelet–monocyte complexes through use of doublet‐discriminator strategy
Authors: Majumder Bikash , North Janet , Mavroudis Chrysostomos , Rakhit Roby , Lowdell Mark W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground:Platelet–monocyte complex (PMC) formation is a marker of in vivo platelet activation and may be readily measured by flow cytometry. Due to the high frequency of free platelets relative to monocytes and PMCs, false‐positive identification through coincidence remains a significant technical problem.To overcome this problem, we evaluated the use of a doublet‐discriminator strategy (DDM) to allow faster sample acquisition whilst significantly reducing aberrant coincidence.Methods:Fourteen healthy volunteers and 20 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) gave arterial and/or peripheral venous blood samples (NaCit). Whole blood was labelled in duplicate with anti‐CD61 and anti‐CD14 using a standard lyse/wash protocol. One of each paired sample was serially diluted before analysis; the second was analyzed at full concentration but using FL1‐width to exclude co‐incident platelet and monocyte events. Control experiments were performed with ex vivo thrombin activated samples.Results:With the DDM use PMC frequencies in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals and in CAD patients fell significantly [6.27% ± 1.77 (mean ± sd) to 2.57% ± 0.99 (P = 0.02)] and from16.04% (±11.26) to 7.66% (±5.18) (P < 0.01), respectively. DDM use significantly reduced the percentage of PMCs in the ex vivo thrombin activated samples (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Use of DDM effectively reduces the coincidence and enumerates true PMC in the samples of normal individuals and in patients with CAD and in ex vivo thrombin activated samples. © 2012 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Nearest surrounder searching in mobile computing environments
Authors: Chung Jaehwa , Jang Hong Jun , Jung Kyoung‐Ho , Jung Soon‐Young 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYThe key issue in mobile computing environments (MCEs) is how to relieve communication congestion and provide accurate information through location‐based services (LBSs). The nearest surrounder (NS) query, used to find all visible objects around a given location, is a type of spatial query that suggests broad application base in LBS domain. However, because existing works for NS query only take into account static query points, the application of the NS query is limited to various LBSs in MCEs requiring frequent location updates. Motivated by this limitation, this paper introduces the continuous nearest surrounder (CNS) query, which uses a decentralized system framework to continuously maintain updated query results in MCEs. In this framework, the LBS server executes an initial NS query to prepare a region, termed non‐provoked polygon (NPP), defines a set of visible objects that cannot be changed. Conversely, a client caches the NPP and does not update request unless it leaves its NPP. We performed extensive experiments using synthetic and real datasets with various data cardinality, and query mobility to validate the accurate performance of the proposed strategy. The results show that the CNS algorithm outperforms NS, in terms of computation and communication costs as well as scalability.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive subcarrier bandwidth and power in OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems for high mobility applications
Authors: He Jian , Xu Changqing , Li Li 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYOFDM‐based cognitive radio systems are spectrally flexible and efficient, but they are vulnerable to intercarrier interference (ICI), especially in high mobility environments. High mobility of the terminal causes large Doppler frequency spread resulting in serious ICI. Such ICI severely degrades the system performance, which is ignored in the existing resource allocation of OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems. In this paper, an adaptive subcarrier bandwidth along with power allocation problem in OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems for high mobility applications is investigated. This adaptive subcarrier bandwidth method should choose the suitable subcarrier bandwidth not only to balance the tradeoff between ICI and intersymbol interference but also to be large enough to tolerate an amount of Doppler frequency spread but less than the coherence bandwidth. The power budget and interference to primary users caused by cognitive radio users are imposed for primary users' protection. With these constraints, a joint optimization algorithm of subcarrier bandwidth and power allocation is proposed to maximize the bandwidth efficiency of OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems in such conditions. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed algorithm could maximize the system bandwidth efficiency and balance this tradeoff while satisfying the constraints. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal and fetal antibrain antibodies in development and disease
Authors: Fox Elizabeth , Amaral David , Van de Water Judy 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRecent evidence has emerged indicating that the maternal immune response can have a substantial deleterious impact on prenatal development (Croen et al., [2008]: Biol Psychiatry 64:583‐588). The maternal immune response is largely sequestered from the fetus. Maternal antibodies, specifically immunoglobulin G (IgG), are passed to the fetus to provide passive immunity throughout much of pregnancy. However, both protective and pathogenic autoantibodies have equal access to the fetus (Goines and Van de Water [2010]: Curr Opin Neurol 23:111‐117). If the mother has an underlying autoimmune disease or has reactivity to fetal antigens, autoantibodies produced before or during pregnancy can target tissues in the developing fetus. One such tissue is the fetal brain. The blood brainbarrier (BBB) is developing during the fetal period allowing maternal antibodies to have direct access to the brain during gestation (Diamond et al. [2009]: Nat Rev Immunol; Braunschweig et al. [2011]; Neurotoxicology 29:226‐231). It has been proposed that brain injury by circulating brain–specific maternal autoantibodies might underlie multiple congenital, developmental disorders (Lee et al. [2009]: Nat Med 15:91‐96). In this review, we will discuss the current state of research in the area of maternal autoantibodies and the development of autism. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2012
Reconstruction of cell lineage and spatiotemporal pattern formation of the mesoderm in the amphipod crustacean Orchestia cavimana
Authors: Hunnekuhl Vera S. , Wolff Carsten 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCOVER PHOTOGRAPH: Collage of two developmental stages of the amphipod Orchestia cavimana. Both 3D‐reconstrucitons of CLSM image stacks. Lower image shows an early embryo (dorsal view) with labelled mesendodermal precursor cells of the trunk region in red (DiI in‐vivo labelling) and nuclei in blue (DAPI). Blastomeres ba and da were marked at 8‐cell stage. Upper image shows an advanced embryo shortly before hatching (lateral view) with musculature in red (Phalloidin) and nuclei in blue (DAPI). The segmental iterative musculature is a derivative of mesoblast cells which have the highly ordered pattern in earlier embryonic stages (shown below). From Hunnekuhl and Wolff, Developmental Dynamics 241:697–717, 2012.
Understanding the uptake of family‐based treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: Therapist perspectives
Authors: Couturier Jennifer , Kimber Melissa , Jack Susan , Niccols Alison , Van Blyderveen Sherry , McVey Gail 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjective:To explore and describe therapists' perceptions of the factors affecting their uptake of family‐based treatment (FBT) for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN).Method:Fundamental qualitative description guided the sampling and data collection in this study. A purposeful sample of 40 therapists providing treatment to youth with AN, completed an in‐depth interview. Conventional content analysis guided the development of initial codes and categories, whereas constant comparison analytic techniques were used to compare and contrast therapist perceptions across contexts. Summative content analysis was used to provide counts of keywords, phrases, and themes.Results:Therapists face several barriers to the implementation of FBT, divided broadly into interventional, organizational, interpersonal, patient/family, systemic, and illness factors. Therapists support the implementation of evidence‐based practices, including FBT for AN, but fidelity to this model is not practiced. Specific concerns about the intervention included weighing the patient, providing nutritional advice, and the family meal. Ninety‐five percent of therapists requested further training in the FBT model.Discussion:Further investigation into the barriers and facilitating factors to the use of FBT is warranted. Understanding effective dissemination and training strategies is critical to ensuring patients receive the best possible care. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)