bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A universal framework for entanglement detection under group symmetry
Authors: Park Sang-Jun , Jung Yeong-Gwang , Park Jeongeun , Youn Sang-Gyun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
One of the fundamental questions in quantum information theory is determining entanglement of quantum states, which is generally an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we prove that all PPT

(

π
―

A

⊗

π
B

)

-invariant quantum states are separable if and only if all extremal unital positive

(

π
B

,

π
A

)

-covariant maps are decomposable where

π
A

,

π
B

are unitary representations of a compact group and π

A
is irreducible. Moreover, an extremal unital positive

(

π
B

,

π
A

)

-covariant map

L

is decomposable if and only if

L

is completely positive or completely copositive. We then apply these results to prove that all PPT quantum channels of the form

Φ

(
ρ
)

=
a

Tr

(
ρ
)

d

Id
d

+
b
ρ
+
c

ρ
T

+

(
1
−
a
−
b
−
c
)

diag

(
ρ
)

are entanglement-breaking, and that there is no A-BC PPT-entangled

(
U
⊗

U
―

⊗
U
)

-invariant tripartite quantum state. The former strengthens some conclusions in (Vollbrecht and Werner 2001 Phys. Rev. A 64 062307; Kopszak et al 2020 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
53 395306), and the latter resolves some open questions raised in (Collins et al 2018 Linear Algebra Appl.
555 398–411).
R.G. Collingwood
Authors: Ridley Aaron 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Collingwood’s philosophy of art is usually wheeled out for target-practice, as a handy source of indefensible views and arguments. But this version of Collingwood is a straw man. The present essay is about the real Collingwood. Starting from his claim that ‘Art is the community’s medicine for the worst disease of mind, the corruption of consciousness’, it attempts to understand his philosophy of art in the ethical terms in which he himself intended it. This focus allows one to make better sense of his art/craft distinction, of his repudiation of the so-called ‘Ideal’ theory of art (a theory with which the straw-man version of him is still routinely saddled), of his claim that art is expression, and, indeed, of why he wrote The Principles of Art with such a sense of urgency in 1938.
Making Art, Making Craft
Authors: Ridley Aaron 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Collingwood identifies six features that he holds to be characteristic of craft, features in terms of which, he says, the ‘technical theory of art’ mistakenly understands art-making. This essay attempts to locate the real source of the technical theory’s (alleged) mistake; and it concludes that two of Collingwood’s craft-features—among the least discussed of them, as it happens—are indeed incompatible with art-status, at any rate as Collingwood construes it. This conclusion is then made more concrete through a discussion of conceptual art, which shows why Collingwood would have to say that the ‘artistry’ involved in producing such art is really just a variety of craftsmanship. The essay ends on a sceptical note—not about that result in particular, but about the negative essentialism that underpins the Collingwoodian route towards it.
Bad Art
Authors: Ridley Aaron 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Under what conditions do cases of artistic badness matter? When, if ever, is it appropriate to respond to them with indignation (as we might respond, for example, to certain cases of moral badness), and when with a dismissive shrug? This essay attempts to answer those questions by way of a number of case studies, including music by Nietzsche and Mozart, and a painting by Edward Burne-Jones. The conclusion is that, although sometimes misplaced, the active denunciation of bad art may be not merely appropriate, but essential, and that the reasons for this are distinctively aesthetic reasons, and not just moral ones in disguise. Special mention is reserved for those who lament the general decline of aesthetic culture—in this age or any other.
Critical Conversions
Authors: Ridley Aaron 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
‘My judgement is my judgement’, said Nietzsche; ‘no one else is easily entitled to it.’ This essay asks what it is to be entitled to a critical judgement as one’s own; and its answer is that, in confronting and responding to a work of art, and in trying to capture something of that response in words, the critic must (i) attempt to do justice to the work, (ii) attempt to do justice to his experience of the work and (iii) attempt, in articulating his experience, to order and negotiate between the various values by which that experience is informed. The great majority of the essay is devoted to an exploration of conditions (i), (ii) and (iii).
Mackie’s Arguments for Error Theory
Authors: Joyce Richard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Moral error theory is a form of skepticism about morality, according to which when people make moral judgments (e.g., “Stealing is morally wrong”), although they purport to say true things about the world, in fact the world does not contain the properties or relations that would be necessary to render any of these judgments true. This chapter introduces this view and outlines the case offered in its support by J. L. Mackie in his well-known 1977 book Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. Mackie’s arguments for moral error theory include the Argument from Diversity, the Argument from Strangeness, and the Argument from Objectification. The chapter does not aim in particular to defend these arguments, but analyzes them in turn while emphasizing that they are intended to work in conjunction with each other, building a case for moral skepticism. Mackie’s attempt to establish error theory is shown, ultimately, to be inconclusive.
Defenses of Moral Error Theory
Authors: Joyce Richard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter runs through several arguments that have been mounted against moral error theory. (1) It is incoherent to class all moral judgments as false, because if it false that φ is morally prohibited then φ must be morally permissible. (2) The moral error theorist must hold that love is a mistake. (3) The companions in guilt argument: if there are no moral reasons, then there would be no epistemological reasons either, but that would be absurd. (4) The moral error theorist is on a slippery slope to rejecting all normative claims. (5) The challenge from Moorean epistemology: we are more confident of certain basic moral claims than we are in any argument offered by a moral skeptic. (6) The moral indispensability argument: moral facts are essential to our lives and thus we must accept them into our ontology. It is argued that all six of these objections fail.
Ancient African Religions
Authors: Baum Robert M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This book is the first continent-wide history of ancient African religions, focused on indigenous religions. Drawing on archaeological, linguistic, written, and oral sources, this work examines the history of ancient religions from the Paleolithic Age to the first Muslims in Africa. It begins with an examination of the earliest burial sites, associated with Homo naledi in South Africa, and analyzes the earliest archaeological evidence of ritual activity, funerals, and symbolic artifacts. It discusses the impact of the Neolithic Revolution on African religions, as well as the rise of the earliest African kingdoms and priesthoods. It places the rise of ancient Egyptian religious traditions within its African context, seeing it as both a product of African religious influences and a source of Mediterranean and Southwest Asian influences. It discusses the rise of iron-working technologies and blacksmith cults, particularly in Eastern Africa but also in iron-working cultures in West Africa. It discusses the importance of the Egyptian religious reform movement led by Akhenaten, as well as the rise of Axum in the Ethiopian highlands. Finally, it looks at the impact of Assyrian, Persian, Greek, and Roman conquests on the religious experiences of the peoples of northern and northeastern Africa.
Before Adam and Eve
Authors: Baum Robert M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the history of African religions from the early hominids to the unification of ancient Egypt. It stipulates a definition of religion that applies to Paleolithic and Neolithic traditions on the continent. It relies primarily on archaeological evidence and historical linguistics, given the absence of written sources prior to the late fourth millennium bce. Discussions of Paleolithic religions focus on burial sites, the use of ocher, and the ritual sites of the Tsodilo Hills of Botswana. Discussion of Neolithic religious practice continues through the analysis of burial sites, including the positioning of bodies and the growing diversity of objects placed in the graves. Rock art provides evidence of ancient Saharan cattle and ram cults, while the Nile Valley’s widespread falcon cult may have provided a religious basis for the unification of Egypt. Linguistic evidence suggests a widespread concept of a supreme being in areas where Niger-Congo languages were spoken.
North and Northeast Africa in the Age of Roman and Byzantine Domination
Authors: Baum Robert M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Throughout this region, Christians encountered well-entrenched followers of traditional religions that remained viable into the sixth century. In North Africa, Carthaginian and Amazigh traditions were influenced by Egyptian, Greek, and Roman practices before widespread conversion beginning in the third century. North Africa became a center of Orthodoxy (Tertullian and Augustine) as well as a source of resistance to the dominant churches (Circumcellions and Arians). Nubia remained a center of a traditional religion, heavily influenced by Egyptian religions, until it became predominantly Monophysite. Axum continued the practice of traditional religion until the reign of Ezana.
Conclusion
Authors: Baum Robert M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter emphasizes the feasibility of writing a history of ancient African religions by relying primarily on archaeology and historical linguistics, with a gradually increasing number of oral traditions and written sources. The earliest evidence of religious activity concerns the ritual disposition of the dead and early ritual sites. Historical linguistics offer the earliest evidence of African religious thought. This study focuses primarily on those religious traditions created in Africa, but it does place them within the context of contact with non-African religions. Such influences begin with the Sabeans, Phoenicians, Greeks, and Hebrews and continue with the influence of Christianity in North and northeast Africa. African religious traditions remain the central focus.
Herb-CMap: a multimodal fusion framework for deciphering the mechanisms of action in traditional Chinese medicine using Suhuang antitussive capsule as a case study
Authors: Wang Yinyin , Sui Yihang , Yao Jiaqi , Jiang Hong , Tian Qimeng , Tang Yun , Ou Yongyu , Tang Jing , Tan Ninghua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Herbal medicines, particularly traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), are a rich source of natural products with significant therapeutic potential. However, understanding their mechanisms of action is challenging due to the complexity of their multi-ingredient compositions. We introduced Herb-CMap, a multimodal fusion framework leveraging protein–protein interactions and herb-perturbed gene expression signatures. Utilizing a network-based heat diffusion algorithm, Herb-CMap creates a connectivity map linking herb perturbations to their therapeutic targets, thereby facilitating the prioritization of active ingredients. As a case study, we applied Herb-CMap to Suhuang antitussive capsule (Suhuang), a TCM formula used for treating cough variant asthma (CVA). Using in vivo rat models, our analysis established the transcriptomic signatures of Suhuang and identified its key compounds, such as quercetin and luteolin, and their target genes, including IL17A, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, AKT1, and TNF. These drug–target interactions inhibit the IL-17 signaling pathway and deactivate PI3K, AKT, and NF-κB, effectively reducing lung inflammation and alleviating CVA. The study demonstrates the efficacy of Herb-CMap in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of herbal medicines, offering valuable insights for advancing drug discovery in TCM.
An interpretable Bayesian clustering approach with feature selection for analyzing spatially resolved transcriptomics data
Authors: Li Huimin , Zhu Bencong , Jiang Xi , Guo Lei , Xie Yang , Xu Lin , Li Qiwei 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Recent breakthroughs in spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) technologies have enabled comprehensive molecular characterization at the spot or cellular level while preserving spatial information. Cells are the fundamental building blocks of tissues, organized into distinct yet connected components. Although many non-spatial and spatial clustering approaches have been used to partition the entire region into mutually exclusive spatial domains based on the SRT high-dimensional molecular profile, most require an ad hoc selection of less interpretable dimensional-reduction techniques. To overcome this challenge, we propose a zero-inflated negative binomial mixture model to cluster spots or cells based on their molecular profiles. To increase interpretability, we employ a feature selection mechanism to provide a low-dimensional summary of the SRT molecular profile in terms of discriminating genes that shed light on the clustering result. We further incorporate the SRT geospatial profile via a Markov random field prior. We demonstrate how this joint modeling strategy improves clustering accuracy, compared with alternative state-of-the-art approaches, through simulation studies and 3 real data applications.
The clinical and pathological evaluation of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy by diffusion tensor imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Zhou Huan , Si Yi , Yang Ling , Wang Yi , Xiao Yitian , Tang Yi , Qin Wei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the efficacy of diffuse magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for identifying clinicopathological changes in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) patients.

Methods
The study enrolled IgAN patients and healthy volunteers. IgAN patients were divided into Group 1 [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2], Group 2 (60 ≤ eGFR &lt; 90 mL/min/1.73 m2), and Group 3 (eGFR &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed via 3.0 T magnetic resonance. Diffuse MRI, clinical, and pathological indicators were collected and analysed. P &lt; .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Forty-six IgAN patients and twenty-seven volunteers were enrolled. The apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion fraction (f), and fractional anisotropy (FA) were significantly different among IgAN subgroups and controls. These parameters were positively correlated with eGFR and negatively with creatinine, and inversely correlated with glomerular sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy (all P &lt; .05). They had significantly high area under the curve (AUC) for distinguishing IgAN patients from controls, while FA had the highest AUC in identifying Group 1 IgAN patients from volunteers.

Conclusions
DTI and IVIM-DWI had the advantage of evaluating clinical and pathological changes in IgAN patients. DTI was superior at distinguishing early IgAN patients and might be a noninvasive marker for screening early IgAN patients from healthy individuals.

Advances in knowledge
DTI and IVIM-DWI could evaluate clinical and pathological changes and correlated with Oxford classification in IgAN patients. They could also identify IgAN patients from healthy populations, while DTI had superiority in differentiating early IgAN patients.
Innovative approaches to atrial fibrillation prediction: should polygenic scores and machine learning be implemented in clinical practice?
Authors: Petzl Adrian M , Jabbour Gilbert , Cadrin-Tourigny Julia , Pürerfellner Helmut , Macle Laurent , Khairy Paul , Avram Robert , Tadros Rafik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) prediction and screening are of important clinical interest because of the potential to prevent serious adverse events. Devices capable of detecting short episodes of arrhythmia are now widely available. Although it has recently been suggested that some high-risk patients with AF detected on implantable devices may benefit from anticoagulation, long-term management remains challenging in lower-risk patients and in those with AF detected on monitors or wearable devices as the development of clinically meaningful arrhythmia burden in this group remains unknown. Identification and prediction of clinically relevant AF is therefore of unprecedented importance to the cardiologic community. Family history and underlying genetic markers are important risk factors for AF. Recent studies suggest a good predictive ability of polygenic risk scores, with a possible additive value to clinical AF prediction scores. Artificial intelligence, enabled by the exponentially increasing computing power and digital data sets, has gained traction in the past decade and is of increasing interest in AF prediction using a single or multiple lead sinus rhythm electrocardiogram. Integrating these novel approaches could help predict AF substrate severity, thereby potentially improving the effectiveness of AF screening and personalizing the management of patients presenting with conditions such as embolic stroke of undetermined source or subclinical AF. This review presents current evidence surrounding deep learning and polygenic risk scores in the prediction of incident AF and provides a futuristic outlook on possible ways of implementing these modalities into clinical practice, while considering current limitations and required areas of improvement.
Adapting and optimizing GCaMP8f for use in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Liu Jun , Bonnard Elsa , Scholz Monika 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Improved genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are essential for capturing intracellular dynamics of both muscle and neurons. A novel set of GECIs with ultrafast kinetics and high sensitivity was recently reported by Zhang et al. (2023). While these indicators, called jGCaMP8, were demonstrated to work in Drosophila and mice, data for Caenorhabditis elegans were not reported. Here, we present an optimized construct for C. elegans and use this to generate several strains expressing GCaMP8f (fast variant of the indicator). Utilizing the myo-2 promoter, we compare pharyngeal muscle activity measured with GCaMP7f and GCaMP8f and find that GCaMP8f is brighter upon binding to calcium, shows faster kinetics, and is not disruptive to the intrinsic contraction dynamics of the pharynx. Additionally, we validate its application for detecting neuronal activity in touch receptor neurons which reveals robust calcium transients even at small stimulus amplitudes. As such, we establish GCaMP8f as a potent tool for C. elegans research which is capable of extracting fast calcium dynamics at very low magnifications across multiple cell types.
A Bargaining Theory of Criminal War
Authors: Daly Sarah Zukerman , Barham Elena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Criminal war is a leading cause of death around the world. We argue for the inclusion of this topic in security studies and adapt a bargaining framework to shed light on why criminal groups fight or agree to peace. We propose that shocks to relative coercive capacity cause criminal war. This escalation in violent conflict proves more likely when criminal groups face greater difficulty negotiating: when they are more factionalized, less rooted in their territory, and in strategic rivalry with a greater number of rivals. Our empirical strategy leverages a critical, policy-relevant shock to access to weapons following an arms control repeal, and novel city block-level, monthly data on criminal organization traits, turf, and violence over ten years to understand how changes in coercive inputs upset the existing balance of power among criminal groups and shaped patterns of war and truce.
Impact of chromosomally encoded resistance mechanisms and transferable β-lactamases on the activity of cefiderocol and innovative β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: González-Pinto Lucía , Alonso-García Isaac , Blanco-Martín Tania , Camacho-Zamora Pablo , Fraile-Ribot Pablo Arturo , Outeda-García Michelle , Lasarte-Monterrubio Cristina , Guijarro-Sánchez Paula , Maceiras Romina , Moya Bartolome , Juan Carlos , Vázquez-Ucha Juan Carlos , Beceiro Alejandro , Oliver Antonio , Bou Germán , Arca-Suárez Jorge 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to compare the stability of the newly developed β-lactams (cefiderocol) and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, aztreonam/avibactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/zidebactam, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, meropenem/nacubactam and meropenem/xeruborbactam) against the most clinically relevant mechanisms of mutational and transferable β-lactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methods
We screened a collection of 61 P. aeruginosa PAO1 derivatives. Eighteen isolates displayed the most relevant mechanisms of mutational resistance to β-lactams. The other 43 constructs expressed transferable β-lactamases from genes cloned in pUCP-24. MICs were determined by reference broth microdilution.

Results
Cefiderocol and imipenem/relebactam exhibited excellent in vitro activity against all of the mutational resistance mechanisms studied. Aztreonam/avibactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/zidebactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, meropenem/nacubactam and meropenem/xeruborbactam proved to be more vulnerable to mutational events, especially to overexpression of efflux operons. The agents exhibiting the widest spectrum of activity against transferable β-lactamases were aztreonam/avibactam and cefepime/zidebactam, followed by cefepime/taniborbactam, cefiderocol, meropenem/xeruborbactam and meropenem/nacubactam. However, some MBLs, particularly NDM enzymes, may affect their activity. Combined production of certain enzymes (e.g. NDM-1) with increased MexAB-OprM-mediated efflux and OprD deficiency results in resistance to almost all agents tested, including last options such as aztreonam/avibactam and cefiderocol.

Conclusions
Cefiderocol and new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations show promising and complementary in vitro activity against mutational and transferable P. aeruginosa β-lactam resistance. However, the combined effects of efflux pumps, OprD deficiency and efficient β-lactamases could still result in the loss of all therapeutic options. Resistance surveillance, judicious use of new agents and continued drug development efforts are encouraged.