bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National agroforestry program in Mexico faces trade-offs between reducing poverty, protecting biodiversity and targeting forest loss
Authors: Gonzalez-Moctezuma Pablo , Rhemtulla Jeanine M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
National reforestation initiatives with ambitious targets and multiple objectives are becoming the norm across the Global South. The extent to which these large-scale initiatives are actually achieving their multiple and potentially conflicting objectives, however, is largely unknown. Sembrando Vida, a national initiative in Mexico implemented in 2019, pays smallholder farmers to plant agroforests in order to reduce poverty and forest loss, and protect biodiversity. We assessed to what degree program recruitment met its stated objectives via its selection of participating municipalities and households. Because program data are not publicly available, we consolidated and harmonized >14 million policy payments (totaling ∼$4 billion USD) to smallholder farmers, thus creating the first spatiotemporal dataset of program outcomes. We found that ∼450k rural households in ∼1000 municipalities across the country participated in the program consistently from 2019 to 2022. The program was reasonably well targeted to achieve its poverty reduction objectives. Significantly more households (ANOVA, p < 0.001) were enrolled in high-poverty (10.4%) than low-poverty (4.9%) municipalities, despite more money being transferred in absolute terms to low-poverty municipalities. The program did not reach some regions that best fit its three goals. Using a zero-inflated negative binomial model, we showed that the distribution of participating households was more likely to address poverty (coefficient = 0.51, p < 0.001 at household level) and forest cover loss (0.1, p = 0.01) than to restore areas important for biodiversity (−0.08, p = 0.02). Finally, we conducted a spatial analysis showing that there is technically sufficient rural land (4.29 Mha) and households (491k) to maximize the potential of all policy objectives simultaneously, but this would require that the program operate in only 83 municipalities across 10 states. Our results highlight the challenges in reaching high poverty regions while meeting multiple other objectives when scaling up forest landscape restoration.
Systematic study of polymer gas sampling bags for offline analysis of exhaled breath
Authors: Fido Mateusz , Hersberger Simone , Güntner Andreas T , Zenobi Renato , Giannoukos Stamatios 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Polymeric bags are a widely applied, simple, and cost-effective method for the storage and offline analysis of gaseous samples. Various materials have been used as sampling bags, all known to contain impurities and differing in their cost, durability, and storage capabilities. Herein, we present a comparative study of several well-known bag materials, Tedlar (PVF), Kynar (PVDF), Teflon (PTFE), and Nalophan (PET), as well as a new material, ethylene vinyl copolymer (EVOH), commonly used for storing food. We investigated the influences of storage conditions, humidity, bag cleaning, and light exposure on volatile organic compound concentration (acetone, acetic acid, isoprene, benzene, limonene, among others) in samples of exhaled human breath stored in bags for up to 48 h. Specifically, we show high losses of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in bags of all materials (for most SCFAs, less than 50% after 8 h of storage). We found that samples in Tedlar, Nalophan, and EVOH bags undergo changes in composition when exposed to UV radiation over a period of 48 h. We report high initial impurity levels in all the bags and their doubling after a period of 48 h. We compare secondary electrospray ionization and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry in the context of offline analysis after storage in sampling bags. We provide an analytical perspective on the temporal evolution of bag contents by presenting the intensity changes of all significant m/z features. We also present a simple, automated, and cost-effective offline sample introduction system, which enables controlled delivery of collected gaseous samples from polymeric bags into the mass spectrometer. Overall, our findings suggest that sampling bags exhibit high levels of impurities, are sensitive to several environmental factors (e.g. light exposure), and provide low recoveries for some classes of compounds, e.g. SCFAs.
Analysis of Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS) on Cooling Loads on Campus Buildings in Tropical Climates
Authors: Arminda Wenny , Shoful Ulum M. , Pratama Dika Satria , Hisyam  
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Natural symptoms due to climate change have begun to be felt in Bandar Lampung city over the last few years. One of the reasons for this situation is high energy consumption to obtain thermal comfort in buildings. Efforts to slow the rate of climate change need to be made by reducing building energy consumption. In this study, an experiment was carried out in the form of applying VGS (Vertical Greenery System) to building facades as a strategy to reduce building energy consumption. The purpose of this research is to understand how to reduce the cooling load on a classroom on a campus building in the tropics by applying VGS based on green architecture principles. The research was carried out using a software-based modelling method. After the VGS model is implemented, the EUI value required to meet the existing sample room comfort standards is 1067 MJ/m2/year or the equivalent of 11,206 kWh, if converted into cooling load units (BTU) it is as much as 38,236,459 BTU. The costs required to meet energy needs are $726 or the equivalent of IDR 11,237,463.60 (exchange rate 15,478.60). The application of VGS in the room has an effective value of 10.2%.
Characteristics of the Modern Mosque Facade in Banda Aceh City as a Passive Ventilation System
Authors: Aini Syahrul , Nursaniah Cut , Caisarina Irin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The modern mosque is synonymous with fabricated materials, has a function as a place of prayer and sunnah activities related to religion/social nature. The interesting thing that is becoming a trend in Banda Aceh is the construction of these modern mosques applying ventilated facades in the form of intricate ornaments, but then they are covered with glass material. In fact, glass material is actually the highest heat contributor to the building envelope, so to get thermal comfort inside the mosque, you have to use mechanical ventilation in the form of an air conditioner. This phenomenon results in non-functional design, wastage of electrical energy, and environmental pollution which has an impact on increasing global warming. This paper aims to evaluate the shape and facade design characteristics of modern mosques in Banda Aceh from thermal comfort based on the application of passive ventilation elements, in order to conclude whether the architectural design of the mosque is functional to achieve thermal comfort before being covered with glass. This mix method study was initiated by measuring the surface air temperature of each sample, then analysis and discussion were carried out on the sample with the lowest temperature and the sample with the highest temperature. The design of the building façade determines the movement of wind inside the mosque, and shading with vegetation and the use of environmentally friendly materials on the exterior will help achieve thermal comfort.
Cultural Landscape of Lombok Island, Indonesia: Spatial structure of terraced paddy fields in Desa Bayan
Authors: Shiraishi Hideo , Jianglong Xing , Akiyama Futo , Tada Ryosuke , Wakita Yoshihisa , Bruffaertse Amadej , Mujono Pramudito , Murtig Adrian Prasetyo , Setyonugroho Gregorius Agung 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to clarify spatial structure of terraced paddy fields in Desa Bayan located in Lombok Island, Indonesia as an example of cultural landscape of the island. The survey extent was defined by collecting up all waterways from a water source in a sacred forest (Hutan Adat) which supply water to traditional paddy fields called Sawah Adat. Location of other irrigation facilities such as intakes and water gates, as well as land ownership within a specific area including paddies owned by a traditional chief (Kepala Adat) were collected to understand its spatial characteristics. The findings were summarized as below: 1) Waterways were split into several channels to formulate clusters of paddy fields as a unit of water supply area, 2) size of paddy fields was not consistent but varies based on geographical condition, 3) a set of paddy fields were owned by individual residents not only from Desa Bayan but also from other villages, 4) each set of paddy fields contained a hut which was used not only for resting but also for periodical ceremonies, 5) there was a set of paddy fields owned by a village chief (Kepala Desa) from generation to generation which receives water from other paddy fields preferentially, 6) basic structure of the landscape is defined by waterways but the major factors of cultural landscape could be summarized as continuous paddy fields, spaced-out huts, trees along waterways and forests surrounding the entire area.
Image of the Baluwarti Old Town, Surakarta Sunanate Palace
Authors: Susilo Dian Ariffianto Budi , Marlina Avi , Hardiyati  
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Baluwarti is a Javanese heritage kampong located in the old town area of the Surakarta Sunanate Palace from 1975 to the present and has various unique forms of historical value. The Baluwarti area starts from the northern entrance of the Gladhag Gate, along with the space inside the Baluwarti fort, up to the southern gate of Gading Gate. People have various perceptions imageability of the old town of Baluwarti. Baluwarti has elements that form the image of the city based on Kevin Lynch’s theory. Namely “paths” in the form of streets and alleys within the area, Baluwarti forts as “edges,” kampong area with a unique toponym in the Baluwarti area as “district”; streets and alleys intersections as “nodes”; and the noblemen’s residences of the Surakarta Sunanate Palace and shape of the main gates as “landmarks.” This study aims to find out the public’s perception of the image of the old town of Baluwarti, according to members of the Indonesian Institute of Architects in the Surakarta region. This study uses quantitative methods by collecting data, field observations, reviewing the literature, then processing it into a questionnaire involving thirty four respondents who are members of the Indonesian Architects Association in the Surakarta region. The findings of this research indicate that the perception of the old town of Baluwarti for members of the Indonesian Architects Association in the Surakarta region is that the Kori Brojonolo Lor (north gate) is the most robust image in the Baluwarti region. Stakeholders can use the results of this research to develop the Baluwarti area to strengthen the image of the old town of Baluwarti.
The Attractiveness of Urban Tourism Destination: a Case Study of Surakarta Royal Palace Square-Pasar Gede Corridor
Authors: Ikhsan F.A. , Fatimah  , Maarif S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Public spaces in cities play a significant part in tourism-related activities. One of the critical public space corridors for Surakarta City is the section between Surakarta Royal Palace Square to Pasar Gede. Since the Kasunanan Surakarta Hadiningrat Palace was built in 1745, this corridor has seen the growth of Surakarta as a city. The Surakarta municipal government has implemented several methods to create the public space corridor so that it can become one of the city’s famous tourist attractions. This study aims to see the extent to which the configuration and elements of public space in the corridor of Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta Square to Pasar Gede can become a superior urban tourism destination. The data collection method was carried out by conducting field observations along the corridors of the research area and documenting the visitors traveling there. Data analysis was performed using the Clare A. Gunn Model to identify the elements that makeup space along the corridor of the Kasunanan Surakarta-Pasar Gede palace square, which is an urban tourist destination. The study results show that the main urban elements that attract urban tourism are the Pasar Gede element, Surakarta City Town Hall element, Galabo Culinair element, and Souvenir Market element. The benefits of this research are expected to be an input for urban tourism area structuring policies.
Development of an Older Adult Community Centre Based on Biophilic Architecture Principle to Improve the Quality of Life
Authors: Tjia Vincent Alexis Sutjianto , Srinaga Felia , Thiodore Jacky 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While living a retirement life, most older adults are facing obstacles from psychological and biological factors. Persons over 65 need to fight off stress and depression as it can weaken the immune system. One of the ways to reduce stress is providing a warm relationship that can be achieved through a place like older adult community center. A specific design of community center is needed to bring a significant impact for the older adult health and happiness. The purpose of this study is to define architectural design strategies that can improve older adult quality of life within a community center. This research was looking into principle of Biophilic Architecture, in which introduce some design elements to connect older adult with nature and provide healthy environment. The research method is using literature study to describe the design elements of Biophilic Architecture. This is deepened by a study of precedents in finding programs and activities that can calm or invite the older adult to be active in socializing to increase their quality of life. The research present strategies for designing an older adult community center with Biophilic Architecture principle. The results show some strategies to promote healing and increase collaboration in older adult environment. Those strategies include the strategy for site development, materiality, activities, and programme, building massing and accessibility in which can help in reducing their loneliness and stress, and achieve a better quality of life. Those strategies applied to make a prototype of Biophilic older adult community center project. The project implemented principles such as visual connection with nature, biomorphic form, material connection with nature, sensory stimuli, well-ventilated, daylight and water element for calming. The design in this project demonstrates how the green buffer, combination of indoor and outdoor activities, and space for social activities can improve the quality of older adult’s life.
Durability evaluation issues of reinforced concrete structures during operation: a review and perspectives
Authors: Tytarenko Roman , Khmil Roman , Selejdak Jacek , Blikharskyy Yaroslav 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article is devoted to analyzing several existing models and methods for the probabilistic durability assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) structures during operation. For this task, the authors reviewed and analyzed many existing studies by Ukrainian and foreign researchers in this field and highlighted the problems of a normative and calculation base. As determined, almost all design norms consider durability (or residual resource) regarding RC structures’ design and operation practice (without considering their life cycle), including the stochastic model’s construction in a specific environment. According to the author’s point of view, an initial random data package for all individual tasks is necessary due to the durability assessment issues’ complexity. In turn, that requires including parameters of the member’s bearing capacity reserve (materials’ strengths, dimensions of sections, etc.) and its service conditions (different types of actions) which are stochastic. Based on the studies reviewed, the authors also emphasize the main advantages and disadvantages of the models and methods described here. Also they formulated the recommendations for further studies in this field, namely expanding the use of numerical simulations (including Monte Carlo methods) to creating a fundamental base of a unified practical system for the reliability management (including durability) of RC structures during operation.
Investigation of the Behavior of Sand Under Repeated Dynamic Loads Using a Large-Scale Model of Soil Base
Authors: Havryliuk O , Aleksandrovych V , Kobzar Y 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Results of vibration stamp tests in container with soil are considering. Appearance and progress with time of supplementary settlement of sandy foundation soils under dynamic loads is analyzing. Appearance and progress with time of supplementary settlement of sandy foundation soils under harmonic loads are depended on key parameters of the load. According to our experimental studies we had identified the behavior of settlement in time, with various combinations of frequency, amplitude of forced vibration and static load as follows. After reaching settlement stabilization from the static load applied and the inclusion of the vibrator, depending on the amplitude of the forced oscillations of the vibrator it can starts an additional to the settlement already occurred from static loading. It could be two different kinds if vibrocreep settlement: decaying and sustained settlements depends to the mathematical law most reasonably could be used to approximate the experimental data.
Probabilistic analysis of elevated steel silos for seismic resistance
Authors: Shimanovsky O , Makhinko A , Makhinko N , Vorontsov O , Kordun O 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The article is devoted to the calculation of elevated steel silos for seismic actions. The purpose of the study is developing methods for estimation of reliability function of the elevated steel silos under seismic action, on the basis of which the authors obtained an analytical expressions suitable for engineering analysis. The spectral technique for determining seismic actions is used, as well as methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics. The steps are formulated for determining the reliability function of structures of elevated silos, taking into account the probabilistic nature of geotectonic excitations and stochastic properties of the material of structures. The dynamic response of elevated silos is analyzed by varying the direction of the seismic action. The methods proposed in the article and the formulated results can be applied both for direct probabilistic analysis of elevated steel silos and for codification seismic actions within the framework of the spectral technique.
RC beams with an early phase of reinforcement damage
Authors: Blikharskyy Yaroslav , Khmil Roman , Katunský Dušan , Blikharskyy Zinoviy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article presents the experimental results of reinforced concrete beams with thermally strengthened reinforcement. According to engineering experience, rein-forced concrete is the most commonly used construction material today. Rein-forced concrete structures are widely used in buildings and roof structures for both industrial and civil purposes. Reinforced concrete is optimally used as part of building structures and effectively performs its functions, perceiving various types of force and non-force influences, the nature of which depends on the conditions of operation in different environments. At the same time, for reinforced concrete structures, the durability and residual bearing capacity sometimes de-pends not only on force loads, but also on the effects of the surrounding environment. One of the most dangerous effects are corrosion processes, which cause the appearance of defects of various degrees and, accordingly, a decrease in the load-bearing capacity of structural elements. At the same time, the intensity of degradation of structures under the influence of an aggressive environment de-pends on the operating conditions, chemical composition and concentration of the aggressive environment. That is why, two beams with a diameter of 20 mm of reinforcement of class A500C were designed and experimentally tested, and the other two beams were tested with damage from 20 mm to 18 mm of the outer thermally strengthened layer. Damage from 20 mm to 18 mm corresponds to 19% of undamaged samples.
Determination of walking energy expenditure as an indicator of walking fatigue
Authors: Kopytkov Denys , Ponkratov Denys , Samchuk Ganna , Yaruta Anton , Kitchenko Nataliia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The paper addresses the identification of the walking fatigue in urban environment. Currently, there is no generic walking fatigue indicator to unambiguously describe its impact on walking performance. Resulting from the different moving populations, it was hypothesized that walking energy expenditure can be used as a general fatigue signifier. After reviewing approaches to have data on the pedestrian fatigue origin and the techniques of its study, a combination of instrumental methods and self-reporting forms was selected. The influence of movement and biological parameters on the walking energy demand was examined using correlation and regression analysis to find the linear regression model as the most appropriated tool in predicting the pedestrian fatigue level. The walking fatigue assessment based on the energy expenditure should be used to create a friendlier urban environment and, thus, to encourage the urban travelling without using mass transportation and private cars. In turn, it should also promote the reducing the number of road accidents and harmful environmental and noise load on residents of present cities.
A square-root speedup for finding the smallest eigenvalue
Authors: Kerzner Alex , Gheorghiu Vlad , Mosca Michele , Guilbaud Thomas , Carminati Federico , Fracas Fabio , Dellantonio Luca 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We describe a quantum algorithm for finding the smallest eigenvalue of a Hermitian matrix. This algorithm combines quantum phase estimation and quantum amplitude estimation to achieve a quadratic speedup with respect to the best classical algorithm in terms of matrix dimensionality, i.e.

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