bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The SZ effect with anisotropic distributions and high energy electrons
Authors: Lee Elizabeth , Chluba Jens 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFuture observations of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect promise ever improving measurements in terms of both sensitivity and angular resolution. As such, it is increasingly relevant to model `higher-order' contributions to the SZ effect. This work examines the effects of high-energy non-thermal electron distributions and those of anisotropic electron and photon distributions on the SZ signals. Analytic forms of the anisotropic scattering kernels for photons and electrons have been derived and investigated. We present a method for determining the anisotropic contributions through a spherical harmonic decomposition to arbitrary angular multipoles, and discuss the behaviour of these scattering kernels. We then carry out an exploration of various simplistic models of high energy non-thermal electron distributions, and examine their anisotropic behaviour. The kinematic SZ in the relativistic regime is studied using the kernel formulation allowing us to clarifying the role of kinematic corrections to the scattering optical depth. We finally present a release of an updated and refined version ofSZpackincluding a new integratedPythoninterface and new modules for the calculation of various SZ signals, including those described in this paper.
The one-loop bispectrum of galaxies in redshift space from the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure
Authors: D'Amico Guido , Donath Yaniv , Lewandowski Matthew , Senatore Leonardo , Zhang Pierre 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We derive the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure kernels and counterterms
for the one-loop bispectrum of dark matter and of biased tracers in real and redshift space. This
requires the expansion of biased tracers up to fourth order in fluctuations. In the process, we
encounter several subtleties related to renormalization. One is the fact that, in renormalizing
the momentum, a local counterterm contributes non-locally. A second subtlety is related to the
renormalization of local products of the velocity fields, which need to be expressed in terms of
the renormalized velocity in order to preserve Galilean symmetry. We check that the counterterms
we identify are necessary and sufficient to renormalize the one-loop bispectrum at leading and
subleading order in the derivative expansion. The kernels that we originally present here have
already been used for the first analyses of the one-loop bispectrum in BOSS
data [1,2].
Inflationary initial conditions for the cosmological gravitational wave background
Authors: Valbusa Dall'Armi Lorenzo , Mierna Alina , Matarrese Sabino , Ricciardone Angelo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The initial conditions on the anisotropies of the stochastic gravitational-wave background
of cosmological origin (CGWB) largely depend on the mechanism that generates the gravitational
waves. Since the CGWB is expected to be non-thermal, the computation of the initial conditions
could be more challenging w.r.t. the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), whose interactions with
other particles in the early Universe lead to a blackbody spectrum. In this paper, we show that
the initial conditions for the cosmological background generated by quantum fluctuations of the
metric during inflation deviate from adiabaticity. These primordial gravitational waves are indeed
generated by quantum fluctuations of two independent degrees of freedom (the two polarization
states of the gravitons). Furthermore, the CGWB plays a negligible role in the Einstein's
equations, because its energy density is subdominant w.r.t. ordinary matter. Therefore, the only
possible way to compute the initial conditions for inflationary gravitons is to perturb the
energy-momentum tensor of the gravitational field defined in term of the small-scale tensor
perturbation of the metric. This new and self-consistent approach shows that a large,
non-adiabatic initial condition is present even during the single-field inflation. Such a
contribution enhances the total angular power spectrum of the CGWB compared to the standard
adiabatic case, increasing also the sensitivity of the anisotropies to the presence of
relativistic and decoupled particles in the early Universe. In this work we have also proved that
our findings are quite general and apply to both single-field inflation and other scenarios in
which the CGWB is generated by the quantum fluctuations of the metric, like the curvaton.
Multiphase 3D dosimeters for radiotherapy
Authors: Kozicki Marek , Maras Piotr , Jaszczak-Kuligowska Malwina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
3D dosimeters are mainly manufactured as single-phase chemical compositions in a container. In most cases, they imitate a single soft tissue, such as muscle or the brain. Research on dosimeters imitating lungs and bones is very rare. In turn, in this work we report the first experiments aimed at producing multiphase 3D dosimeters imitating different tissues in one container.
Clinical Applications and Monte Carlo Validation of a fully integrated 3D dosimetry system
Authors: Lakrad Kawtar , Quinn Benjamin , Oldham Mark , Adamson Justus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive 3D dosimetry system consisting of the ClearView™ 3D dosimeter, VistaScan™ optical CT scanner, and VistaAce™ analysis software is commercially available and has the potential to be a strong verification tool with widespread applications. The clinical utility of this system (termed ClearView/Vista) has yet to be determined, and this work presents our first investigation. Clinical utility was evaluated using real patients’ treatment plans: spine, head and neck, Single Isocenter Multi-Targets SRS (SIMT-SRS), and prostate cases. Independent validation was performed with a Monte Carlo-based dose calculation algorithm that was previously commissioned for clinical independent dose calculation. The analysis included line profile comparison (1D), isodose line comparison (2D), and global gamma analysis (3D). Results indicated a remarkable agreement between ClearView/Vista, the treatment planning system, and Monte Carlo, where gamma pass rates for all cases exceeded 94% even while using 2%2mm and a dose threshold of 10%. The ClearView/Vista 3D dosimetry system showed clinically acceptable accuracy and robust measurement and analysis in clinical settings.
Development of diamond detector as fast neutron spectroscopy in the EAST tokamak
Authors: Lin S.Y. , Zhou R.J. , Artemev K.K. , Zhang J.Z. , Zhao J.L. , Zhong G.Q. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We report in this paper the development of the single
crystal diamond detector as a fast neutron spectroscopy in the EAST
tokamak. The diamond detector is used to detect the fast neutron
directly without any neutron converter during the
deuterium-deuterium fusion experiment, then the neutron energy
spectrum is reconstructed from the recorded continuous scattered
spectrum by using a deconvolution algorithm. The results indicate
the capability of the diamond spectroscopy which can be used
directly to monitor the fast neutron flux and energy spectrum in the
EAST tokamak.
Learning obstacle avoidance and predation in complex reef environments with deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Hou Ji , He Changling , Li Tao , Zhang Chunze , Zhou Qin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The reef ecosystem plays a vital role as a habitat for fish species with limited swimming capabilities, serving not only as a sanctuary and food source but also influencing their behavioral tendencies. Understanding the intricate mechanism through which fish adeptly navigate the moving targets within reef environments within complex water flow, all while evading obstacles and maintaining stable postures, has remained a challenging and prominent subject in the realms of fish behavior, ecology, and biomimetics alike. An integrated simulation framework is used to investigate fish predation problems within intricate environments, combining deep reinforcement learning algorithms (DRL) with high-precision fluid-structure interaction numerical methods-immersed boundary lattice Boltzmann method (lB-LBM). The Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm is used to improve the intelligent fish’s capacity for random exploration, tackling the multi-objective sparse reward challenge inherent in real-world scenarios. Additionally, a reward shaping method tailored to its action purposes has been developed, capable of capturing outcomes and trend characteristics effectively. The convergence and robustness advantages of the method elucidated in this paper are showcased through two case studies: one addressing fish capturing randomly moving targets in hydrostatic flow field, and the other focusing on fish counter-current foraging in reef environments to capture drifting food. A comprehensive analysis was conducted of the influence and significance of various reward types on the decision-making processes of intelligent fish within intricate environments.
Fe-doped 45S5 bioactive glass compositions impair the metabolic activity and proliferation of metastatic human breast cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Hildenbrand Nina , Thiele Wilko , Tripel Elena , Renkawitz Tobias , Kermani Farzad , El-Fiqi Ahmed , Westhauser Fabian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Many kinds of human tumors, including breast carcinomas, frequently metastasize to the bone, making it prone to pathologic fractures. Surgical management of bone metastases ranges from the resection of metastases to bone repair. Current surgical methods for the repair of bone defects include the use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cements. A promising alternative material are bioactive glass (BG) particles that in addition to providing physical stability can also induce bone regeneration. Moreover, BGs doped with Fe2O3 may also have a negative impact on tumor cells. Here, we tested the hypothesis that BGs can affect metastatic human breast cancer cells. To this end, we assessed the effects of different BG compositions with and without Fe2O3 on metastatic human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in vitro. We found that all BGs tested impaired the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The anti-proliferative effects inversely correlated with BG particle size, and were in general less pronounced in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that served as a control. Moreover, Fe2O3-doped BGs were more potent inhibitors of tumor cell proliferation and metabolic activity than Fe2O3-free BG. Our data therefore indicate that BGs can affect human breast cancer cells more strongly than MSCs, and suggest that the presence of Fe2O3 can potentiate anti-proliferative and anti-metabolic effects of BGs. Fe2O3-doped BGs thus have the potential to be used for the surgical management of metastatic bone lesions, and may in addition to their regenerative properties also allow the local control of bone metastases.
Electrospun collagen/chitosan composite fibrous membranes for accelerating wound healing
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Zhao Xinzhe , Song Ziyu , Wang Lu , Gao Jing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The protein-polysaccharide nanofibers have attracted intensive attention in promoting wound healing, due to their components and nanoscale fibrous structure that mimics the native extracellular matrix (ECM). For the full-thickness wounds, in addition to promoting healing, hemostatic property and antibacterial activity are also of critical importance. However, currently, protein-polysaccharide-based nanofiber membranes exhibit poor mechanical properties, lack inherent hemostatic and antibacterial capabilities, as well as the ability to promote tissue repair. In this study, we developed composited membranes, which were composed of collagen (Col) and chitosan (Chs), through solvent alteration and post-processing, the membranes showed enhanced stability under physiological conditions, proper hydrophilic performance and improved mechanical property. Appropriated porosity and water vapor transmission rate, which benefit to wound healing, were detected among all the membranes except for Col membrane. Aimed at wound dressing, hemocompatibility, antibacterial activity and cell proliferation of the electrospun membranes were evaluated. The results indicated that the Col/Chs composited membranes exhibited superior blood clotting capacity, and the membranes with Chs exceeding 60% possessed sufficient antibacterial activity. Moreover, compared with Chs nanofibers, significant increase in cell grow was detected in Col/Chs (1:3) membrane. Taken together, the electrospun membrane with multiple properties favorable to wound healing, superior blood coagulation, sufficient antibacterial performance and promoting cell proliferation property make it favorable candidate for full-thickness skin wound healing.
A pilot study on endoscopic delivery of injectable bioadhesive for esophageal repair in a porcine model
Authors: Xia Jie , Wang Wenxin , Guo Jinghui , Wu Jinglei , Wan Xinjian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the gold-standard surgical procedure for superficial esophageal cancer. A significant and challenging complication of this technique is post-ESD esophageal stricture. In this study, the feasibility of endoscopic catheter delivery of bioadhesive to esophageal lesions in a porcine model was tested. Injectable bioadhesive was composed of oxidized dextran (ODA) and chitosan hydrochloride (CS), its physicochemical properties, injectability, antibacterial activity, and cytocompatibility were investigated before in vivo test. ODA-CS bioadhesive was delivered to the wound bed of the esophageal tissue using a custom-made catheter device after ESD in a porcine model. Our results show that the ODA-CS bioadhesive is of good injectability, tissue adhesive strength, antibacterial capacity, and blood compatibility. In vivo delivery was achieved by endoscopic spraying of ODA and CS in separate catheters fixed on the endoscopic probe. ODA and CS can be mixed well to allow in situ bioadhesive formation and firmly adhere to the esophageal wound surface. After two weeks, the bioadhesive maintained structural integrity and adhered to the surface of esophageal wounds. However, histological analysis reveals that the ODA-CS bioadhesive did not show improvement in attenuating inflammatory response after ESD. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of ODA-CS bioadhesive for shielding esophageal wounds after ESD, whereas efforts need to improve its anti-inflammatory activity to reduce fibrosis for stricture prevention.
Assessing GEDI data fusions to map woodpecker distributions and biodiversity hotspots
Authors: Elliott Lisa H , Vogeler Jody C , Holbrook Joseph D , Barry Brent R , Vierling Kerri T 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In forested systems, woodpecker species richness has been linked with songbird diversity, and identifying woodpecker biodiversity hotspots may contribute important information for conservation planning. The availability of global forest structure data via the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) instrument provides a new tool for examining broad extent relationships amongst environmental variables, forest structure, and woodpecker diversity hotspots. Within the Marine West Coast Forest ecoregion, USA, we used eBird data for 7 woodpecker species to model encounter rates based on bioclimatic variables, process data (e.g. duration and timing of survey), MODIS forest land cover data, and GEDI-fusion metrics. The GEDI-fusion metrics included foliage height diversity (fhd), rh98 (a representation of canopy height), and canopy cover, which were created by combining GEDI data with Landsat, Sentinel-1, topographic, and climatic information within a random forest modeling framework. AUCs for the species-specific models ranged from 0.77–0.98, where bioclimatic and process predictors were amongst the most important variables for all species. GEDI-fusion forest structure metrics were highly ranked for all species, with fhd included as a highly ranked predictor for all species. The structural metrics included as top predictors for each species were reflective of known species-specific habitat associations. Hotspots in this ecoregion tended to be inland and occurred most often on privately-owned lands. Identification of hotspots is the first step towards management plans focused on biodiversity, and understanding ownership patterns is important for future conservation efforts. The near-global extent of GEDI data, along with recent studies that recommend woodpeckers as indicators of biodiversity across multiple forest types at local and global scales, suggest that synthesis of GEDI-derived data applied to woodpecker detection information might be a powerful approach to identifying biodiversity hotspots.
Computing distances on Riemann surfaces
Authors: Stepanyants Huck , Beardon Alan , Paton Jeremy , Krioukov Dmitri 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Riemann surfaces are among the simplest and most basic geometric objects. They appear as key players in many branches of physics, mathematics, and other sciences. Despite their widespread significance, how to compute distances between pairs of points on compact Riemann surfaces is surprisingly unknown, unless the surface is a sphere or a torus. This is because on higher-genus surfaces, the distance formula involves an infimum over infinitely many terms, so it cannot be evaluated in practice. Here we derive a computable distance formula for a broad class of Riemann surfaces. The formula reduces the infimum to a minimum over an explicit set consisting of finitely many terms. We also develop a distance computation algorithm, which cannot be expressed as a formula, but which is more computationally efficient on surfaces with high genuses. We illustrate both the formula and the algorithm in application to generalized Bolza surfaces, which are a particular class of highly symmetric compact Riemann surfaces of any genus greater than 1.
Membrane-in-the-middle optomechanical system and structural frequencies
Authors: Pedro Lara Luis , Weder Ricardo , Octavio Castaños-Cervantes Luis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We consider a one-dimensional membrane-in-the-middle model for a cavity that consists of two fixed, perfect mirrors and a mobile dielectric membrane between them that has a constant electric susceptibility. We present a sequence of exact cavity angular frequencies that we call structural angular frequencies and that have the remarkable property that they are independent of the position of the membrane inside the cavity. Furthermore, the case of a thin membrane is considered and simple, approximate formulae for the angular frequencies and for the modes of the cavity are obtained. Finally, the cavity electromagnetic potential is numerically calculated and it is found that the potential is accurately described by a multiple scales solution.
Enhancing machining efficiency in hybrid metal matrix composites through EDM parameter optimization via grey relational analysis
Authors: Khare Manu , Sharma Ankit , Goyal Ashish , Jhamb Sandeep 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In summary, this study utilized stir casting to develop three distinct aluminium hybrid composites incorporating boron carbide and alumina. These composites were identified as Al7075 + 12%B4C + 6%Al2O3, Al7075 + 6%B4C + 6%Al2O3, and Al7075 + 6%B4C + 12%Al2O3. The novelty of this research lies in the unique combination of materials and their proportions, offering enhanced properties yet unexplored in this specific configuration. The research focused on machining these composite materials using EDM and employed a Taguchi L27 orthogonal array design to plan the machining tests. Key process parameters considered were gap voltage (V), duty cycle (%), current (A), and different percentages of reinforcement content. This aspect adds a significant novel dimension to the study, as the impact of EDM machining parameters on hybrid composites with this particular composition has not been extensively explored previously. The study applied Grey Relational Analysis to evaluate the impact of EDM machining process parameters on critical output responses, specifically material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR). SEM images revealed redeposited molten material, craters, and surface cracks, emphasizing the importance of controlling discharge energy and current levels for desired surface quality. An optimal configuration was identified peak current 2 A, pulse duration 100 μs, duty factor 20%, Composition 2 for improved surface attributes. These qualitative and quantitative insights inform process optimization strategies for EDM machining of aluminium hybrid composites.
Anti-Scientific Americans
Authors: Motta Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Anti-Scientific Americans offers new insights into the prevalence, origins, and policy consequences of anti-intellectualism in the U.S. It begins by conceptualizing anti-intellectualism as the dislike and distrust of scientists, academics, and other experts. It then brings together “micro-level” survey data spanning six decades, and aggregated “macro-level” data from hundreds of opinion polls dating back to the 1940s, to show that approximately one third of Americans hold anti-intellectual attitudes at any given time; which have become increasingly politicized following the rise of the Tea Party. Reviving often-overlooked insights from Richard Hofstadter’s pioneering (1963) work, it shows that anti-intellectualism both shapes and is shaped by Americans’ aversion to the role that experts play in the policymaking process. Correspondingly, anti-intellectualism motivates opposition to evidence-based policies on issues related to climate change, economic policy, and public health.. Still, Anti-Scientific Americans concludes on an optimistic note by discussing how we might restore Americans’ faith in experts.
The Prevalence of Anti-Intellectual Attitudes
Authors: Motta Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 provides a data-driven overview of the prevalence of anti-intellectual attitude endorsement in American public life. It begins by discussing how the book uses public-opinion data to devise an aggregated measure of public anti-intellectual sentiments spanning the majority of the past century. This measure summarizes responses to hundreds of aggregated cross-sectional surveys ranging from 1944 to 2021 and incorporates a wide range of measurement and sampling strategies. The chapter then shows that although anti-intellectualism tends to fluctuate over the years, approximately one-third of Americans express anti-intellectual sentiments at any given time. The chapter concludes by offering new evidence of an uptick in public anti-intellectual attitude endorsement on the eve of the candidacies of George Wallace and Donald Trump, two prominent presidential candidates who frequently invoked anti-intellectual rhetoric on the campaign trail and (as described throughout the chapter) often did so in surprisingly similar ways.