bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo evaluation of biofunctionalized implant surfaces with a synthetic peptide (P‐15) and its impact on osseointegration. A preclinical animal study
Authors: Schmitt Christian M. , Koepple Markus , Moest Tobias , Neumann Konrad , Weisel Tamara , Schlegel Karl Andreas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe overall aim of the study was to investigate a biofunctionalized implant surface with electrochemically deposition of hydroxyapatite and the synthetic peptide (P‐15) and its effect on osseointegration.Material and methodsThree modified implant types of ANKYLOS® C/X implants were used; (1) machined implants used as negative control (M, n = 20), (2) implants with the FRIADENT® plus surface (grit blasted and acid‐etched) used as positive control (P, n = 20), and (3) implants with a biomimetic surface consisting of hydroxyapatite and the synthetic 15 aminoacids containing peptide P‐15 (BP, n = 40). The implants were randomly inserted in the mandibles of 10 beagle dogs following 4 months after tooth extraction (P1‐P4). Three animals were sacrificed 2 and 7 days after implant insertion, respectively, and four animals were sacrificed 6 months post implant insertion. Bone‐to‐implant contacts (BICs) were analyzed via histomorphometrical analyses at five different region of interests (ROIs); two at the middle part on either side of the implant (ROI 1/4), two at the apical part of the implant at each side (ROI 2/3), and one at the tip of the implant (ROI 5).ResultsAll implant surfaces showed a high level of osseointegration and osteoconductivity. The cumulative implant survival rate (CSR) was 93.8%, 100% in the M, 85% in the P, and 95% in the BP group. No statistical difference in BICs at ROI 1/4, 2/3, and 5 could be shown between implant types following 2 and 7 days of healing. BIC values increased in all groups over time. After 6 months of healing the BP group showed superiority in BIC in ROI 2/3 (73.2 ± 15.6%) compared to the P (48.3 ± 10.6%) and M group (66.3 ± 30.2%) with a significant difference between BP and P (P = 0.002).ConclusionIt is hypothesized, that the surface biofunctionalization improves peri‐implant bone formation and remodeling, leading to an increased bone‐to implant contact. However, within the limitations of the study set‐up no benefit in the early phase of osseointegration could be established for dental implants with P‐15 containing surface in this study.
Elicitation threshold of cobalt chloride: analysis of patch test dose–response studies
Authors: Fischer Louise A. , Johansen Jeanne D. , Voelund Aage , Lidén Carola , Julander Anneli , Midander Klara , Menné Torkil , Thyssen Jacob P. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundCobalt is a strong skin sensitizer (grade 5 of 5 in the guinea‐pig maximization test) that is used in various industrial and consumer applications. To prevent sensitization to cobalt and elicitation of allergic cobalt dermatitis, information about the elicitation threshold level of cobalt is important.ObjectiveTo identify the dermatitis elicitation threshold levels in cobalt‐allergic individuals.Materials and methodsPublished patch test dose–response studies were reviewed to determine the elicitation dose (ED) levels in dermatitis patients with a previous positive patch test reaction to cobalt. A logistic dose–response model was applied to data collected from the published literature to estimate ED values. The 95% confidence interval (CI) for the ratio of mean doses that can elicit a reaction in 10% (ED10) of a population was calculated with Fieller's method.ResultsOn the basis of five included studies, the ED10 values of aqueous cobalt chloride ranged between 0.0663 and 1.95 µg cobalt/cm2, corresponding to 30.8–259 ppm.ConclusionsOur analysis provides an overview of the doses of cobalt that are required to elicit allergic cobalt contact dermatitis in sensitized individuals, and thereby the basis for future prevention of cobalt allergy.
Drifting to oblivion? Rapid genetic differentiation in an endangered lizard following habitat fragmentation and drought
Authors: Vandergast Amy G. , Wood Dustin A. , Thompson Andrew R. , Fisher Mark , Barrows Cameron W. , Grant Tyler J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThe frequency and severity of habitat alterations and disturbance are predicted to increase in upcoming decades, and understanding how disturbance affects population integrity is paramount for adaptive management. Although rarely is population genetic sampling conducted at multiple time points, pre‐ and post‐disturbance comparisons may provide one of the clearest methods to measure these impacts. We examined how genetic properties of the federally threatened Coachella Valley fringe‐toed lizard (Uma inornata) responded to severe drought and habitat fragmentation across its range.LocationCoachella Valley, California, USA.MethodsWe used 11 microsatellites to examine population genetic structure and diversity in 1996 and 2008, before and after a historic drought. We used Bayesian assignment methods and F‐statistics to estimate genetic structure. We compared allelic richness across years to measure loss of genetic diversity and employed approximate Bayesian computing methods and heterozygote excess tests to explore the recent demographic history of populations. Finally, we compared effective population size across years and to abundance estimates to determine whether diversity remained low despite post‐drought recovery.ResultsGenetic structure increased between sampling periods, likely as a result of population declines during the historic drought of the late 1990s–early 2000s, and habitat loss and fragmentation that precluded post‐drought genetic rescue. Simulations supported recent demographic declines in 3 of 4 main preserves, and in one preserve, we detected significant loss of allelic richness. Effective population sizes were generally low across the range, with estimates ≤100 in most sites.Main conclusionsFragmentation and drought appear to have acted synergistically to induce genetic change over a short time frame. Progressive deterioration of connectivity, low Ne and measurable loss of genetic diversity suggest that conservation efforts have not maintained the genetic integrity of this species. Genetic sampling over time can help evaluate population trends to guide management.
A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of motor control in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome during imagined and executed movements
Authors: Zapparoli Laura , Porta Mauro , Gandola Martina , Invernizzi Paola , Colajanni Valeria , Servello Domenico , Zerbi Alberto , Banfi Giuseppe , Paulesu Eraldo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe current study investigated the neural correlates of voluntary motor control in 24 adult Gilles de la Tourette (GTS) patients. We examined whether imagination and the execution of the same voluntary movement – finger oppositions with either hand – were associated with specific patterns of activation. We also explored whether these patterns correlated with the severity of the syndrome, as measured by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) for motor tics. The presence of brain morphometric abnormalities was also assessed using voxel‐based morphometry. Crucial to our experiment was the manipulation of the presence of an explicit motor outflow in the tasks. We anticipated a reduction in the ticking manifestation during the explicit motor task and brain activation differences between GTS patients and 24 age/gender‐matched normal controls. The anticipated differences were all evident in the form of hyperactivations in the GTS patients in the premotor and prefrontal areas for both motor tasks for both hands; however, the motor imagery hyperactivations also involved rostral pre‐frontal and temporo‐parietal regions of the right hemisphere. The blood oxygen level‐dependent responses of the premotor cortices during the motor imagery task were significantly correlated with the YGTSS scores. In contrast, no significant brain morphometric differences were found. This study provides evidence of a different neurofunctional organisation of motor control between adult patients with GTS and healthy controls that is independent from the actual execution of motor acts. The presence of an explicit motor outflow in GTS mitigates the manifestation of tics and the need for compensatory brain activity in the brain regions showing task‐dependent hyperactivations.
Opposite roles of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors during cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury in experimental diabetic rats
Authors: Sang Hongfei , Liu Ling , Wang Liumin , Qiu Zhongming , Li Min , Yu Linjie , Zhang Hao , Shi Ruifeng , Yu Shuhong , Guo Ruibing , Ye Ruidong , Liu Xinfeng , Zhang Renliang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBradykinin receptors play important roles in cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury of non‐diabetics. Their functions in diabetics, however, have not been studied. In this study, we hypothesized that bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) and bradykinin 2 receptor (B2R) would be upregulated and participate in the regulation of diabetic ischaemic stroke. To investigate this, we first evaluated B1R and B2R expression at different time points after I/R in non‐diabetic and diabetic rats (Sprague–Dawley) by using real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Then, pharmacological inhibitors were separately administered via the tail vein to analyse their effects on cerebral ischaemia in diabetics. Both receptors were significantly upregulated after cerebral I/R in non‐diabetic and diabetic rats. B1R expression in diabetic rats increased in a sharper manner than in non‐diabetic rats, whereas B2R expression increased to the same level during the early stage of reperfusion but later became lower. Interestingly, the upregulated B1R was expressed in astrocytes, whereas B2R was mainly located in neurons in the ischaemic penumbra. Functional studies showed that inhibition of B1R significantly reduced infarct volume, neurological deficits, cell apoptosis, and neuron degeneration, probably by attenuating blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and post‐ischaemic inflammation, at 24 h after reperfusion. In contrast, B2R antagonist had opposite effects, and exacerbated BBB penetrability and tissue inflammation. These findings suggest that B1R and B2R have detrimental and beneficial effects, respectively in diabetic cerebral ischaemia, which might open new avenues for the treatment of ischaemic stroke in diabetic patients through selective pharmacological blockade or activation.
Phylogenetic structural equation modelling reveals no need for an ‘origin’ of the leaf economics spectrum
Authors: Mason Chase M. , Goolsby Eric W. , Humphreys Devon P. , Donovan Lisa A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe leaf economics spectrum (LES) is a prominent ecophysiological paradigm that describes global variation in leaf physiology across plant ecological strategies using a handful of key traits. Nearly a decade ago, Shipley et al. (2006) used structural equation modelling to explore the causal functional relationships among LES traits that give rise to their strong global covariation. They concluded that an unmeasured trait drives LES covariation, sparking efforts to identify the latent physiological trait underlying the ‘origin’ of the LES. Here, we use newly developed phylogenetic structural equation modelling approaches to reassess these conclusions using both global LES data as well as data collected across scales in the genus Helianthus. For global LES data, accounting for phylogenetic non‐independence indicates that no additional unmeasured traits are required to explain LES covariation. Across datasets in Helianthus, trait relationships are highly variable, indicating that global‐scale models may poorly describe LES covariation at non‐global scales.
Anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis: clinical characteristics, predictors of outcome and the knowledge gap in southwest China
Authors: Wang W. , Li J.‐M. , Hu F.‐Y. , Wang R. , Hong Z. , He L. , Zhou D. 
Published: November 2015

Background and purposeThe aim was to analyse the clinical profiles and outcomes of patients with anti‐ N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (anti‐NMDAR) encephalitis in China.MethodsA retrospective study of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis in China was performed between June 2011 and June 2014. The clinical characteristics and predictors of poor outcome were determined.ResultsA total of 51 patients with a definitive diagnosis of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis were included in this study. Four of them were surgically confirmed to have a neoplasm. Thirty‐two patients, amongst whom 24 were female, presented with psychiatric disorder as the initial symptom, whereas 14 patients, of whom nine were male, presented with seizure as the initial symptom (P = 0.011). Twenty‐nine patients (56.86%) were initially misdiagnosed with psychosis, viral encephalitis or other diseases, and 58.8% of the patients experienced at least one type of complication. It typically took 3 weeks before these patients were admitted to our hospital and another 2 weeks before the correct diagnosis was made. Forty‐one patients (80%) reached a good outcome; 10 patients (20%) had a poor outcome. Older age, extended hospital stay, memory deficits, decreased consciousness, central hypoventilation, complications and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid results were associated with poor outcome (P < 0.05).ConclusionsFemale patients more frequently initially present with psychiatric disorder but male patients more frequently initially present with seizure. Patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis in China have a lower incidence of neoplasm. Nevertheless, this study reveals several challenges in treating anti‐NMDAR encephalitis in China that may contribute to poor outcome.
Not all droughts are created equal: the impacts of interannual drought pattern and magnitude on grassland carbon cycling
Authors: Hoover David L. , Rogers Brendan M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractClimate extremes, such as drought, may have immediate and potentially prolonged effects on carbon cycling. Grasslands store approximately one‐third of all terrestrial carbon and may become carbon sources during droughts. However, the magnitude and duration of drought‐induced disruptions to the carbon cycle, as well as the mechanisms responsible, remain poorly understood. Over the next century, global climate models predict an increase in two types of drought: chronic but subtle ‘press‐droughts’, and shorter term but extreme ‘pulse‐droughts’. Much of our current understanding of the ecological impacts of drought comes from experimental rainfall manipulations. These studies have been highly valuable, but are often short term and rarely quantify carbon feedbacks. To address this knowledge gap, we used the Community Land Model 4.0 to examine the individual and interactive effects of pulse‐ and press‐droughts on carbon cycling in a mesic grassland of theUS GreatPlains. A series of modeling experiments were imposed by varying drought magnitude (precipitation amount) and interannual pattern (press‐ vs. pulse‐droughts) to examine the effects on carbon storage and cycling at annual to century timescales. We present three main findings. First, a single‐year pulse‐drought had immediate and prolonged effects on carbon storage due to differential sensitivities of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production. Second, short‐term pulse‐droughts caused greater carbon loss than chronic press‐droughts when total precipitation reductions over a 20‐year period were equivalent. Third, combining pulse‐ and press‐droughts had intermediate effects on carbon loss compared to the independent drought types, except at high drought levels. Overall, these results suggest that interannual drought pattern may be as important for carbon dynamics as drought magnitude and that extreme droughts may have long‐lasting carbon feedbacks in grassland ecosystems.
Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: major genetic alterations and prognostic implications
Authors: Joung Ji Y , Kim Tae H , Jeong Dae J , Park Sun‐Mi , Cho Yoon Y , Jang Hye W , Jung Yoon Y , Oh Young L , Yim Hyun S , Kim Yoo‐Li , Chung Jae H , Ki Chang‐Seok , Kim Sun W 
Published: November 2015

AimDiffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSV‐PTC) is an uncommon variant of PTC, and its prognostic significance remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the major genetic alterations of DSV‐PTC and their prognostic implications.Methods and resultsWe included 37 patients with DSV‐PTC who underwent thyroid surgery and had formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples. We tested for a panel of genetic alterations, including BRAFV600E, NRAS codon 61, HRAS codon 12/13/61 and KRAS codon 12/13 point mutations as well as RET/PTC1, RET/PTC3 and PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements using reverse transcription real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All genetic alterations found on PCR were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Associations between the identified genetic alterations and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. Among 37 cases of DSV‐PTC, 17 were positive for RET/PTC1 (46%), six for RET/PTC3 (16%) and nine for BRAFV600E (24%). All mutations/rearrangements were mutually exclusive. The remaining five cases had none of the above genetic alterations. DSV‐PTC with RET/PTC3 rearrangement was associated with advanced‐stage disease, including T4 and distant metastasis (P < 0.05). Patients with RET/PTC3 showed a higher frequency of persistent disease (P < 0.01). In contrast, DSV‐PTC with RET/PTC1 was associated with a higher prevalence of disease remission (P < 0.05) and coexistent Hashimoto's thyroiditis (P < 0.01).ConclusionTaken together, RET/PTC rearrangement was the major genetic alteration seen in patients with DSV‐PTC, and the RET/PTC3 rearrangement was associated with advanced stage at diagnosis and poor clinical outcome.
Oral therapy for nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with advanced disease and large tumor burden: a review of the literature with focus on a new generation of targeted therapies
Authors: Rudnick Eric W. , Thareja Sumeet , Cherpelis Basil 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer in patients and includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Treatments useful for SCC and BCC include surgical, topical, and in advanced cases systemic chemo‐radiation. This review of the literature aims to describe previous and current treatment options for oral therapy in locally advanced and metastatic NMSC otherwise unamenable to standard treatment. Oral Smoothened (Smo) inhibitors Vismodegib, Sonidegib, and Taladegib have shown to be effective in several trials. Oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors Erlotinib and Gefitinib, which target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), have early supporting data and are currently undergoing large multicenter trials. Other less studied oral therapies which have shown at least partial efficacy include 5‐Fluorouracil, capecitabine, and picropodophyllin. In vitro studies have elucidated new targets for dual combination oral therapy targeting both EGFR and insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‐1R). It is important to stratify treatment options based on patient risk of advanced disease, failure of conservative treatment, and ill‐tolerated intravenous chemotherapy adverse events. Oral therapy in NMSC is useful in high risk patients with recurrent and aggressive disease who may not tolerate other systemic therapies.
Epithelial antigenic specificities of circulating autoantibodies in mucosal lichen planus
Authors: Herrero‐González Josep E. , Parera Amer Elisabet , Segura Sonia , Mas Bosch Virgínia , Pujol Ramon Maria , Martínez Escala Maria E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundMucosal lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membranes of unknown origin. The antigen‐specific autoantibodies or T cells responsible for this disease have not yet been established.ObjectivesThis study was designed to study the antigenic specificities of circulating antibodies in patients with mucosal LP and to review previous findings on this topic.MethodsWe tested a series of consecutive cases of mucosal LP in our clinic by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) and BP180 fusion proteins.ResultsThree of 22 patients were positive for anti‐NC16A antibodies. Interestingly, we found a middle‐aged woman with severe disease with circulating anti‐Dsg3 antibodies at high levels, typical of pemphigus vulgaris. Levels of these antibodies positively correlated with the severity of clinical manifestations. We failed to detect anti‐desmoglein antibodies in any other patient in our series and in the literature review.ConclusionsSome patients with mucosal LP may present with circulating anti‐BP180 antibodies at low levels. We also report the first case with positive anti‐Dsg3 antibodies. The pathogenic relevance of these autoantibodies remains unknown.
Critical assessment of antioxidant‐related parameters of honey
Authors: Sancho M. Teresa , Pascual‐Maté Ana , Rodríguez‐Morales Elena G. , Osés Sandra M. , Escriche Isabel , Periche Ángela , Fernández‐Muiño Miguel A. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn this study, several antioxidant‐related parameters were researched on 56 Spanish honeys, setting up and optimising some assays. Melissopalynology and colour (L*, a*, b*) were determined. Solid‐phase extraction (SPE) was used to obtain honeys’ phenolic extracts. Total phenolics, total flavonoids and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were determined in both honeys and extracts. It was verified that total flavonoids determination in neutral media must be carried out on extracts instead of on honeys, because of sugars’ interferences; likewise, extracts’ colours must be corrected in this assay. The endpoint for honeys’ trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was researched. Significant linear relationships were found between TEAC values of honeys and honeys’ phenolic extracts, as well as between the results of TEAC measured at different times. Therefore, it would be possible to reliably calculate TEAC at 60 min (endpoint), measuring the absorbance at 6 min, thus saving analysis time and reducing costs.
Effects of pulsed electric fields on the survival behaviour of Saccharomyces cerevisiae suspended in single solutions of low concentration
Authors: Wang Man‐Sheng , Zeng Xin‐An , Brennan Charles S. , Brennan Margaret A. , Han Zhong 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis paper investigates the survival behaviour of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells suspended in NaCl solutions with various low concentrations after exposure to pulsed electric field (PEF) treatments. The input and heat‐generation pulse power during each PEF treatment experiment were measured directly. In addition, detailed information on sublethally PEF‐injured S. cerevisiae cells was obtained by the use of image analysis. Results showed that both the field intensity and the total treatment time had significantly affected the survival behaviour of S. cerevisiae cells, whereas the concentration of NaCl solution had less effect. When the S. cerevisiae cells were suspended in the solution with conductivity of 300 μS cm−1, a high ratio of surviving cells was observed. Image analysis indicated a large number of sublethally injured cells (SICs) after the PEF treatment with low field intensity. Results indicate that the survival behaviour of cells suspended in solutions of low concentration was influenced by PEF intensity.