bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative childhood experiences alter a prefrontal‐insular‐motor cortical network in healthy adults: A preliminary multimodal rsfMRI‐fMRI‐MRS‐dMRI study
Authors: Duncan Niall W. , Hayes Dave J. , Wiebking Christine , Tiret Brice , Pietruska Karin , Chen David Q. , Rainville Pierre , Marjańska Małgorzata , Ayad Omar , Doyon Julien , Hodaie Mojgan , Northoff Georg 
Published: August 2015

AbstractResearch in humans and animals has shown that negative childhood experiences (NCE) can have long‐term effects on the structure and function of the brain. Alterations have been noted in grey and white matter, in the brain's resting state, on the glutamatergic system, and on neural and behavioural responses to aversive stimuli. These effects can be linked to psychiatric disorder such as depression and anxiety disorders that are influenced by excessive exposure to early life stressors. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of NCEs on these systems. Resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI), aversion task fMRI, glutamate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) were combined with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in healthy subjects to examine the impact of NCEs on the brain. Low CTQ scores, a measure of NCEs, were related to higher resting state glutamate levels and higher resting state entropy in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). CTQ scores, mPFC glutamate and entropy, correlated with neural BOLD responses to the anticipation of aversive stimuli in regions throughout the aversion‐related network, with strong correlations between all measures in the motor cortex and left insula. Structural connectivity strength, measured using mean fractional anisotropy, between the mPFC and left insula correlated to aversion‐related signal changes in the motor cortex. These findings highlight the impact of NCEs on multiple inter‐related brain systems. In particular, they highlight the role of a prefrontal‐insular‐motor cortical network in the processing and responsivity to aversive stimuli and its potential adaptability by NCEs. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4622–4637, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oncologic safety of facial artery myomucosal flaps in oral cavity reconstruction
Authors: Ferrari Silvano , Ferri Andrea , Bianchi Bernardo , Varazzani Andrea , Giovacchini Francesco , Sesenna Enrico 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundBuccinator myomucosal flaps are routinely used for oral cavity reconstruction and are indicated mainly in patients classified as having stage N0 cancer. This purpose of this study was to investigate whether preservation of the vascular pedicle of the flap (facial artery and vein) during stadiative neck dissection alters the oncologic safety in these patients.MethodsFifty patients underwent resection of T1 to 3, N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue or floor of the mouth, stadiative neck dissection, and reconstruction with a facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flap were retrospectively analyzed concerning rate of occult neck metastasis and recurrences.ResultsOccult metastasis was detected in 10 patients. Mean follow‐up was 41 months. The overall survival rate was 88%, and the disease‐specific survival rate was 92%.ConclusionNeck dissection with preservation of the facial artery and vein does not alter the rate of regional recurrences, confirming the oncologic safety of myomucosal flaps in oral cavity reconstruction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1200–E1202, 2016
Age differences in hippocampal subfield volumes from childhood to late adulthood
Authors: Daugherty Ana M. , Bender Andrew R. , Raz Naftali , Ofen Noa 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe hippocampus is composed of distinct subfields: the four cornu ammonis areas (CA1‐CA4), dentate gyrus (DG), and subiculum. The few in vivo studies of human hippocampal subfields suggest that the extent of age differences in volume varies across subfields during healthy childhood development and aging. However, the associations between age and subfield volumes across the entire lifespan are unknown. Here, we used a high‐resolution imaging technique and manually measured hippocampal subfield and entorhinal cortex volumes in a healthy lifespan sample (N = 202), ages 8–82 yrs. The magnitude of age differences in volume varied among the regions. Combined CA1‐2 volume evidenced a negative linear association with age. In contrast, the associations between age and volumes of CA3‐DG and the entorhinal cortex were negative in mid‐childhood and attenuated in later adulthood. Volume of the subiculum was unrelated to age. The different magnitudes and patterns of age differences in subfield volumes may reflect dynamic microstructural factors and have implications for cognitive functions across the lifespan. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in the United States Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Hamadeh Issam S , Song Shuang , Katz Joseph , Moreb Jan S , Langaee Taimour Y , Lesko Lawrence J , Gong Yan 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a serious adverse drug event that was initially reported with intravenous bisphosphonates (BPs) and more recently with other classes of drugs such as receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) inhibitor, antiangiogenic agents, and mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR) inhibitors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ONJ cases and the associated drugs in the US Food and Drug Administration's adverse event reporting system (FAERS). The FAERS database was queried for the adverse drug events reported from the first quarter of 2010 to the first quarter of 2014. The reporting odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each queried drug. A total of 17,119 unique ONJ cases were identified. In the overall analysis, the drugs with the highest reporting ORs were BPs: pamidronate (OR = 498.9), zoledronate (OR = 171.7), and alendronate (OR = 63.6), whereas denosumab had lower ORs than all the BPs except for etidronate. The antiangiogenic and m-TOR inhibitors had the lowest ORs. In cancer patients who were treated for prevention of skeletal-related events (SREs), the reporting ORs for zoledronate and denosumab were 125.2 and 4.9, respectively. In patients with osteoporosis, the ORs were 1.1 (1.0–1.18) for zoledronate and 0.63 (0.56–0.70) for denosumab, respectively. Our analysis of the FAERS database showed that the intravenous BPs were associated with the highest risk for ONJ, RANKL inhibitor was associated with risk comparable to BPs used for osteoporosis such as etidronate, and the antiangiogenic agents and m-TOR inhibitors were associated with the lowest risk for ONJ. The high risk for ONJ with zoledronate and denosumab was mainly observed in those who were treated for prevention of SREs, whereas there was limited evidence for such risk in those who were treated for osteoporosis. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hall‐Type Results for 3‐Connected Projective Graphs
Authors: Ding Guoli , Iverson Perry 
Published: August 2015

AbstractProjective planar graphs can be characterized by a set of 35 excluded minors. However, these 35 are not equally important. A set of 3‐connected members of is excludable if there are only finitely many 3‐connected nonprojective planar graphs that do not contain any graph in as a minor. In this article, we show that there are precisely two minimal excludable sets, which have sizes 19 and 20, respectively.
Evaluation of baseline corrected QT interval and azithromycin prescriptions in an academic medical center
Authors: Lee Rachael A. , Guyton Allison , Kunz Danielle , Cutter Gary R. , Hoesley Craig J. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDAzithromycin is used in the inpatient setting for a variety of conditions. In 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration released a warning regarding risk for corrected QT (QTc) prolongation and subsequent arrhythmias. Knowledge of inpatient prescribing patterns of QTc prolonging medications with respect to patient risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events can help recognize safe use in light of these new warnings.OBJECTIVETo assess inpatient prescribing patterns, risk factors for QTc prolongation, and relationship between drug‐drug interactions and cardiac monitoring in patients receiving azithromycin.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.PARTICIPANTSOne hundred inpatients ≥ 19 years of age were randomly selected from 1610 patient encounters between October 2012 and April 2013 who were administered at least 1 dose of azithromycin.MEASUREMENTSLength of stay, reason for use, therapy duration, and concomitant medications were recorded. Telemetry charges and baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) prior to administration were assessed.RESULTSSeventy‐nine percent of azithromycin use was empiric. Sixty‐five percent of patients received a baseline ECG prior to prescribing azithromycin, of which 60% had borderline or abnormal QTc prolongation. Seventy‐six percent of patients were prescribed 2 or more QTc prolonging medications, of which there were more abnormal ECGs at baseline (P = 0.03) despite having telemetry ordered less than half of the time.CONCLUSIONSIn a cohort of hospitalized patients, azithromycin was prescribed despite risk factors for QTc prolongation and administration of interacting medications. Selection of azithromycin by providers appears to be independent from these risk factors, and education and vigilance to drug‐drug interactions may be useful in limiting cardiac events with prescribing azithromycin. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:15–20. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Spatial Assessment of Land Degradation Risk for the Okavango River Catchment, Southern Africa
Authors: Weinzierl Thomas , Wehberg Jan , Böhner Jürgen , Conrad Olaf 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Okavango catchment in southern Africa is subject to environmental as well as socio‐economic transformation processes such as population growth and climate change. The degradation of soil and vegetation by deforestation and overgrazing is one of the downsides of this development, reducing the capacity of the land to provide ecosystem functions and services. In this study, climate simulations are brought together with secondary socioeconomic, pedologic and remote‐sensing data in a GIS‐based assessment of the factors commonly associated with land degradation risk. A high resolution overview is provided for decision‐makers and stakeholders in the region by identifying priority intervention areas where a long‐term decline in ecosystem function and land productivity is most likely to occur. The approach combines 19 risk factors into seven individual ratings for topography, landcover, soil, demography, infrastructure, livestock pressure and climate. These ratings are then weighted and combined into an integrated degradation risk index (DRI). The results show that the land degradation risk is quite heterogeneously distributed in the study area and caused by different factors. Three hot‐spots are identified and compared, one of which is in the far northwestern part of the catchment, one around the local center Rundu and one on the outskirts of the Okavango Delta. We conclude that the approach is suitable to give an overview on degradation risk in the study area, although the classification process is a crucial procedure that should be standardized for further research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probabilistic reasoning in diagnosing causes of program failures
Authors: Xu Junjie , Chen Rong , Du Zhenjun 
Published: August 2015

SummaryFault localization is sensitive to program runs, and the pattern of fault propagation and manifestation in real software is extremely complex and uncertain. To accommodate the complexity and uncertainty, this paper presents a novel probabilistic graph model – the probabilistic cause–effect graph (PCEG) is built upon dynamic dependencies generated from running the faulty program against failed test cases and performs probabilistic inference with coverage information from the whole test suite. PCEG is an extension of the traditional probabilistic graph both in structural and inferential terms and is different from earlier probabilistic approaches to software diagnosis by introducing two forms of evidences (i.e. apparent faults and real faults). The proposed probabilistic reasoning algorithm works on the PCEG converted from a dynamic program dependency graph and diagnoses the causes with both top‐down and bottom‐up inference. The experimental results have shown the improvements on diagnostic effectiveness and accuracy in both single‐fault and multiple‐fault context, even when a program yields similar program runs through loop statements. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arene and Hydride Complexes of Ruthenium with fac PSiP Pincer Ligands
Authors: Bernal María J. , Martín Marta , Sola Eduardo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSeveral derivatives of the dinuclear complex [Ru(μ‐Cl){κP, P,Si‐Si(Me)(C6H4‐2‐PiPr2)2}]2 (1) are described. The mononuclear cationic arene complex [Ru{κP, P,Si‐Si(Me)(C6H4‐2‐PiPr2)2}(η6‐C6H6)](CF3SO3) (5), the phosphane adduct [Ru{κP, P,Si‐Si(Me)(C6H4‐2‐PiPr2)2}Cl(PPh3)] (2), and the hydride‐bridged dinuclear derivatives [Ru2(μ‐Cl)(μ‐H){κP, P,Si‐Si(Me)(C6H4‐2‐PiPr2)2}2] (6) and [Ru2(μ‐H){κP, P,Si‐Si(Me)(C6H4‐2‐PiPr2)2}]2 (7) retain the fac coordination mode of the κP, P,Si ligand present in the precursor complex. In contrast, the neutral and cationic acetonitrile derivatives [Ru{κP, P,Si‐Si(Me)(C6H4‐2‐PiPr2)2}Cl(NCMe)2] (3) and [Ru{κP, P,Si‐Si(Me)(C6H4‐2‐PiPr2)2}(NCMe)3](CF3SO3) (4), respectively, show the PSiP pincer coordinated in the more usual mer fashion. Crystal structures determined by X‐ray diffraction are shown for complexes 5, 6, and 7. The factors that influence the choice of coordination mode for the PSiP ligand are discussed.
Towards Measuring Community Understanding of Traumatic Brain Injury: The Structure and Potential Utility of the Head Injury Knowledge Scale
Authors: Thomas Matt , Jobse Emily 
Published: August 2015

Background and aims: International research has shown the public hold various misconceptions about traumatic brain injury (TBI). Yet, relatively little has been done towards developing appropriate measures of public knowledge of TBI. The Head Injury Knowledge Scale (HIKS, Ono, Ownsworth, & Walters, 2011) is a newly developed measure of misconceptions and expectations about the effects of TBI. Additional investigation of its psychometric properties appeared warranted. The aims of this further preliminary study were to examine the factor structure of the HIKS and the relationship between psychosocial variables and factor scores.Method: A convenience sample comprising 167 adults, of whom 65% were females, responded to an online survey including the HIKS. The two-factor HIKS structure was tested using confirmatory factor analyses and the relationships between psychosocial variables and the HIKS factors were investigated.Results: A good fit was found for the structure of the HIKS. All items loaded adequately onto the HIKS Over-generalisation and Minimisation factors and their internal consistencies were good. Significant differences between gender groups and for level of education were observed on the HIKS Over-generalisation scale, suggesting various groups in the community may have differing levels of knowledge of TBI.Conclusion: This study confirmed the robustness of the HIKS factor structure. The HIKS is likely to be an important measure of community understanding of TBI in future research.
Large Nosocomial Outbreak Associated with a Norwegian Scabies Index Case Undergoing TNF-α Inhibitor Treatment: Management and Control
Authors: Belvisi Valeria , Orsi Giovanni Battista , Del Borgo Cosmo , Fabietti Paolo , Ianari Adriana , Albertoni Francesco , Porcelli Patricia , Potenza Concetta , Mastroianni Claudio Maria 
Published: August 2015

We describe a large outbreak associated with a crusted (Norwegian) scabies case in an immunocompromised patient following treatment with TNF-α inhibitor (adalimumab) for psoriasis arthritis. The increasing use of TNF-α inhibitors should induce clinicians to consider this serious parasitic infection when evaluating skin rashes in patients receiving biologic therapies.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(11):1358–1360
Conditions of Intensive Evaporation of Heterogeneous Water Droplet in High Temperature Gas Environment
Authors: Vysokomornaya O. V. , Kuznetsov G. V. , Strizhak P. A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe results of a numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer during evaporation of a water droplet with solid inclusion in air at temperature as high as 1000K are presented. Typical heating steps of droplet until it reaches the conditions of intensive evaporation (i.e.the interface “solid inclusion – liquid” reaches the boiling temperature) are described. The roles played by the external air temperature and by the main properties of inclusion are detailed. The droplet size, the relation between the sizes of inclusion and a liquid layer during the heating up is determined. The necessary and sufficient conditions of intensive evaporation in the system “water droplet with solid inclusion in high-temperature air” are pointed out.
Transformation Media in Acoustics with Constant Bulk Modulus or Constant Density Tensor
Authors: Tsai Y.-L. , Chen T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis work is to present a formulation of cloaking or concentrating device in acoustics in which the transformed material could be either having uniform bulk modulus or having homogeneous density tensor. The transformed material parameters, depending on the mapping of physical and virtual coordinates, are often position-varying and anisotropic. This often adds substantial complexity in practical implementation. Here we present a theoretical algorithm that allows us to design a transformation field that could have either uniform bulk modulus or constant density tensor. For cloaking devices with constant bulk modulus, analytical and numerical results are presented for circular as well as for non-circular cloaking devices. Specifically, elliptical and twin-cloak devices are exemplified. To achieve the effect of constant density tensor, we consider only circular geometry. Devices with cloaking or concentrating effects can be exactly formulated. We note, however, that it seems unlikely at this moment to have a transformation device that has constant bulk modulus and constant density tensor at the same time. Nevertheless, we remark the present results are of still sufficient merit in that the uniform material parameters, in either set of material parameters, indeed greatly simplify the practice in real implementations.
Liberation of Specific Angular Momentum Through Radiation and Scattering in Relativistic Black-Hole Accretion Disks
Authors: Stevens Adam R. H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA key component of explaining the array of galaxies observed in the Universe is the feedback of active galactic nuclei, each powered by a massive black hole’s accretion disk. For accretion to occur, angular momentum must be lost by that which is accreted. Electromagnetic radiation must offer some respite in this regard, the contribution for which is quantified in this paper, using solely general relativity, under the thin-disk regime. Herein, I calculate extremised situations where photons are entirely responsible for energy removal in the disk and then extend and relate this to the standard relativistic accretion disk outlined by Novikov & Thorne, which includes internal angular-momentum transport. While there is potential for the contribution of angular-momentum removal from photons to be ≳ 1% out to ~ 104 Schwarzschild radii if the disk is irradiated and maximally liberated of angular momentum through inverse Compton scattering, it is more likely of order 102 Schwarzschild radii if thermal emission from the disk itself is stronger. The effect of radiation/scattering is stronger near the horizons of fast-spinning black holes, but, ultimately, other mechanisms must drive angular-momentum liberation/transport in accretion disks.
High dietary protein decreases fat deposition induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet in rats
Authors: Chaumontet Catherine , Even Patrick C. , Schwarz Jessica , Simonin-Foucault Angélique , Piedcoq Julien , Fromentin Gilles , Azzout-Marniche Dalila , Tomé Daniel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHigh-protein diets are known to reduce adiposity in the context of high carbohydrate and Western diets. However, few studies have investigated the specific high-protein effect on lipogenesis induced by a high-sucrose (HS) diet or fat deposition induced by high-fat feeding. We aimed to determine the effects of high protein intake on the development of fat deposition and partitioning in response to high-fat and/or HS feeding. A total of thirty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the six dietary regimens with low and high protein, sucrose and fat contents for 5 weeks. Body weight (BW) and food intake were measured weekly. Oral glucose tolerance tests and meal tolerance tests were performed after 4th and 5th weeks of the regimen, respectively. At the end of the study, the rats were killed 2 h after ingestion of a calibrated meal. Blood, tissues and organs were collected for analysis of circulating metabolites and hormones, body composition and mRNA expression in the liver and adipose tissues. No changes were observed in cumulative energy intake and BW gain after 5 weeks of dietary treatment. However, high-protein diets reduced by 20 % the adiposity gain induced by HS and high-sucrose high-fat (HS-HF) diets. Gene expression and transcriptomic analysis suggested that high protein intake reduced liver capacity for lipogenesis by reducing mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (fasn), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a and b (Acaca and Acacb) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (Srebf-1c). Moreover, ketogenesis, as indicated by plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels, was higher in HS-HF-fed mice that were also fed high protein levels. Taken together, these results suggest that high-protein diets may reduce adiposity by inhibiting lipogenesis and stimulating ketogenesis in the liver.
PREVALENCE OF CHILD MARRIAGE AMONG BANGLADESHI WOMEN AND TREND OF CHANGE OVER TIME
Authors: Hossain Md. Golam , Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Saw Aik 
Published: August 2015

SummaryMany Bangladeshi women marry early, and many marry before the legal age of 18 years. This practice has been associated with a higher risk of health and medical morbidities, and also early pregnancy with higher pre- and postnatal complications. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, and factors associated with, child marriage among Bangladeshi women using multiple binary logistic regression analysis of data from the BDHS-2011. Further analysis on the trend of age at first marriage was performed with additional data sets from previous surveys. The mean and median of ages at first marriage of Bangladeshi women in 2011 were 15.69±2.97 and 15.00 years, respectively. A remarkably high percentage (78.2%) married before the age of 18; of these, 5.5% married at a very early age (before 13 years of age). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that uneducated women were more likely to be married early (p<0.001) than those with secondary and higher education. Child marriage was especially pronounced among women with uneducated husbands, Muslims, those with poor economic backgrounds and those living in rural areas. Further analysis including data from previous BDHS surveys showed that child marriage among Bangladeshi women had a decreasing trend from 1993–94 to 2011. These results show that child marriage was very common in Bangladesh, and closely associated with low level of education and low economic status. The decreasing trend in child marriage indicates an improvement over the past two decades but more effort is needed to further reduce and eventually eliminate the practice.