bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bulk-fill Resin-based Composites: An In Vitro Assessment of Their Mechanical Performance
Authors: Ilie N , Bucuta S , Draenert M 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARY
The study aimed to assess the mechanical performance of seven bulk-fill RBCs (Venus Bulk Fill, Heraeus Kulzer; SureFil SDR flow, Dentsply Caulk; x-tra base and x-tra fil, VOCO; Filtek Bulk Fill, 3M ESPE; SonicFill, Kerr; Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) by determining their flexural strength (σ), reliability (Weibull parameter, m), flexural modulus (Eflexural), indentation modulus (YHU), Vickers hardness (HV), and creep (Cr).
The significant highest flexural strengths were measured for SonicFill, x-tra base, and x-tra fil, while x-tra base, SureFil SDR flow, and Venus Bulk Fill showed the best reliability. The differences among the materials became more evident in terms of Eflexural and YHU, with x-tra fil achieving the highest values, while Filtek Bulk Fill and Venus Bulk Fill achieved the lowest. The enlarged depth of cure in bulk-fill RBCs seems to have been realized by enhancing the materials' translucency through decreasing the filler amount and increasing the filler size. The manufacturer's recommendation to finish a bulk-fill RBC restoration by adding a capping layer made of regular RBCs is an imperative necessity, since the modulus of elasticity and hardness of certain materials (SureFil SDR flow, Venus Bulk Fill, and Filtek Bulk Fill) were considerably below the mean values measured in regular nanohybrid and microhybrid RBCs.
The class of bulk-fill RBCs revealed similar flexural strength values as the class of nanohybrid and microhybrid RBCs, and significantly higher values when compared to flowable RBCs. The modulus of elasticity (Eflexural), the indentation modulus (YHU), and the Vickers hardness (HV) classify the bulk-fill RBCs as between the hybrid RBCs and the flowable RBCs; in terms of creep, bulk-fill and the flowable RBCs perform similarly, both showing a significantly lower creep resistance when compared to the nanohybrid and microhybrid RBCs.
L'émigré (Pseudo-Xénophon, Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία )
Authors: Hemmerdinger Bertrand 
Published: April 2013

L'Athenaion Politeia du Pseudo-Xénophon a été écrite entre 426 et 424 avant J.-C. : il n'est que de la rapprocher de plusieurs passages d'Aristophane. Elle est l'œuvre d'un oligarque athénien qui vit à Sparte et que j'appelle l'Émigré. Elle est constituée par deux rapports au gouvernement Spartiate. Le style en est caractérisé par le coq-à-1'âne. C'est un document capital pour l'étude de la lutte des classes à Athènes.
La note sur l'auteur, est suivie de quelques lignes sur les manuscrits et d'adversaria critica.
Du traumatisme au rêve : le travail de création
Authors: Sabot Magalie 
Published: April 2013

Prisonnier des décombres à la suite du tremblement de terre qui ravagea Haïti, Noa arrive à l’hôpital avec « des images plein la tête ». Il sera adressé au psychologue parce qu’il a « mal aux cicatrices » et la première demande qu’il pourra formuler sera de l’extraire de ces images qui l’envahissent. Le temps de commémoration nationale viendra de nouveau sidérer les séances par des « flashs » et des rêves traumatiques à répétition. La médiation thérapeutique du photocollage viendra alors ouvrir un espace de respiration, un espace de jeu avec les images, préliminaire à l’arrivée des rêves.
Docteurs et doctorants en science politique au Québec (1997-2010) 1
Authors: Cornut Jérémie , Larivière Vincent 
Published: April 2013

Quelles sont les caractéristiques des étudiants inscrits à un programme de doctorat en science politique au Québec entre 1997 et 2010 ? Pour répondre à cette question, les données administratives des étudiants ont été croisées avec les informations sur leur financement et leurs publications. Les résultats révèlent que les étudiants financés par les conseils fédéraux et provinciaux terminent plus rapidement leurs études, publient davantage et décrochent moins. Ils montrent également des différences en termes de lieux et de langue de publication, de financement, de diplomation et d’embauche entre les diverses universités québécoises offrant un programme de doctorat en science politique.
L’embauche dans les départements de science politique francophone au Québec et au Canada. Un bilan des années 2000-20101
Authors: Cornut Jérémie , Simard Carolle , Jegen  Maya , Cardinal Linda 
Published: April 2013

Entre 2000 et 2010, les départements de science politique des universités francophones du Québec et du Canada (Université Laval, Université de Montréal, Université du Québec à Montréal et Université d’Ottawa) ont embauché 81 nouveaux professeurs. Quelles étaient les caractéristiques de ces professeurs au moment de leur embauche ? Quel était leur parcours ? Où ont-ils obtenu leur doctorat ? Quelle est leur langue d’usage ? Dans quelles revues ont-ils publié avant leur embauche ? Quel était leur âge au moment de l’embauche ? Quelle a été l’importance du genre, du statut au Canada et de l’origine ethnoculturelle lors de ces embauches ? Cette étude répond à ces questions en se basant sur le curriculum vitae que ces professeurs ont envoyé au comité d’embauche. Les données fournissent certaines indications sur l’évolution de la discipline.
A Low‐Toxic Multifunctional Nanoplatform Based on Cu9S5@mSiO2 Core‐Shell Nanocomposites: Combining Photothermal‐ and Chemotherapies with Infrared Thermal Imaging for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Song Guosheng , Wang Qian , Wang Yang , Lv Gang , Li Chun , Zou Rujia , Chen Zhigang , Qin Zongyi , Huo Keke , Hu Ronggui , Hu Junqing 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCopper chalcogenides have been demonstrated to be a promising photothermal agent due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency, synthetic simplicity, and low cost. However, the hydrophobic and less biocompatible characteristics associated with their synthetic processes hamper widely biological applications. An alternative strategy for improving hydrophilicity and biocompatibility is to coat the copper chalcogenide nanomaterials with silica shell. Herein, the rational preparation design results in successful coating mesoporous silica (mSiO2) on as‐synthesized Cu9S5 nanocrystals, forming Cu9S5@mSiO2‐PEG core‐shell nanostructures. As‐prepared Cu9S5@mSiO2‐PEG core‐shell nanostructures show low cytotoxicity and excellent blood compatibility, and are effectively employed for photothermal ablation of cancer cells and infrared thermal imaging. Moreover, anticancer drug of doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded Cu9S5@mSiO2‐PEG core‐shell nanostructures show pH sensitive release profile and are therefore beneficial to delivery of DOX into cancer cells for chemotherapy. Importantly, the combination of photothermal‐ and chemotherapies demonstrates better effects of therapy on cancer treatment than individual therapy approaches in vitro and in vivo.
Single‐Crystal Organic Nanowire Electronics by Direct Printing from Molecular Solutions
Authors: Park Kyung S. , Cho Boram , Baek Jangmi , Hwang Jae K. , Lee Haiwon , Sung Myung M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA one‐step process to generate single‐crystal organic nanowire arrays using a direct printing method (liquid‐bridge‐mediated nanotransfer molding) that enables the simultaneous synthesis, alignment, and patterning of nanowires from molecular ink solutions is reported. Using this method, many single‐crystal organic nanowires can easily be synthesized by self‐assembly and crystallization of organic molecules within the nanoscale channels of molds, and these nanowires can then be directly transferred to specific positions on substrates to generate nanowire arrays by a direct printing process. The position of the nanowires on complex structures is easy to adjust, because the mold is movable on the substrates before the polar liquid layer, which acts as an adhesive lubricant, is dried. Repeated application of the direct printing process can be used to produce organic nanowire‐integrated electronics with two‐ or three‐dimensional complex structures on large‐area flexible substrates. This efficient manufacturing method is used to fabricate high‐performance organic nanowire field‐effect transistors that are integrated into device arrays, inverters, and phototransistors on flexible plastic substrates.
Homogeneous CoO on Graphene for Binder‐Free and Ultralong‐Life Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Xiao‐lei , Wang Ru‐zhi , Xu Dan , Wang Zhong‐li , Wang Heng‐guo , Xu Ji‐jing , Wu Zhong , Liu Qing‐chao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xin‐bo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUltralong cycle life, high energy, and power density rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries are crucial to the ever‐increasing large‐scale electric energy storage for renewable energy and sustainable road transport. However, the commercial graphite anode cannot perform this challenging task due to its low theoretical capacity and poor rate‐capability performance. Metal oxides hold much higher capacity but still are plagued by low rate capability and serious capacity degradation. Here, a novel strategy is developed to prepare binder‐free and mechanically robust CoO/graphene electrodes, wherein homogenous and full coating of β‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets on graphene, through a novel electrostatic induced spread growth method, plays a key role. The combined advantages of large 2D surface and moderate inflexibility of the as‐obtained β‐Co(OH)2/graphene hybrid enables its easy coating on Cu foil by a simple layer‐by‐layer stacking process. Devices made with these electrodes exhibit high rate capability over a temperature range from 0 to 55 °C and, most importantly, maintain excellent cycle stability up to 5000 cycles even at a high current density.
Template‐Free Vibrational Indentation Patterning (VIP) of Micro/Nanometer‐Scale Grating Structures with Real‐Time Pitch and Angle Tunability
Authors: Ahn Se Hyun , Ok Jong G. , Kwak Moon Kyu , Lee Kyu‐Tae , Lee Jae Yong , Guo L. Jay 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA template‐free, high‐throughput patterning technique named vibrational indentation‐driven patterning (VIP), which achieves continuous, period‐tunable fabrication of micro/nanometer‐scale grating structures, is reported. In VIP, a tilted edge of a hard material vertically vibrating at high frequency makes periodic indentations onto a moving substrate of any material softer than the tool, thereby continuously creating grating patterns at high speed. By modulating the tool vibration frequency, substrate feeding rate, and the tool tilting angle, the period‐variable chirped gratings and angle‐tunable blazed gratings can be easily achieved; they can be utilized in various optoelectronics and photonics applications. As an example, an infrared polarizer directly fabricated from the VIP‐created blazed grating is demonstrated.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Coupling Cyclization of Methyl Perfluoroalk‐2‐ynoates with 2‐Aminobenzonitriles: Synthesis of 2‐Perfluoroalkylated Quinolines
Authors: Han Jing , Cao Long , Bian Linglin , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Jin Zhijun , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn efficient route to 2‐perfluoroalkylated quinoline derivatives through the copper(I)‐mediated coupling–cyclization of 2‐aminobenzonitriles with methyl perfluoroalk‐2‐ynoates is described. Moderate to excellent yields have been achieved under mild conditions. The reaction mechanism is also discussed.
Efficient Oxidative Chlorination of Aromatics on Saturated Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Gu Liuqun , Lu Ting , Zhang Mingyun , Tou Lijuan , Zhang Yugen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn efficient metal‐free system using saturated aqueous sodium chloride/aqueous ammonium chloride solution as chlorine source and potassium persulfate as a cheap oxidant for the chlorination of various aromatic compounds including deactivated ones has been developed that proceeds without any acid additive in an excellent regioselective manner. The easy‐to‐handle aqueous solution/acetonitrile biphasic system as solvent and no need for precautionary measures make this process very practical.
Interconvertible Self‐Assembly and Rheological Properties of Planar Bilayers and Vesicle Gels in Anionic/Nonionic (CF/CH) Surfactant Solutions
Authors: Dong Renhao , Wu Jing , Dong Shuli , Song Shasha , Tian Feng , Hao Jingcheng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe surface and bulk properties of aqueous mixtures of nonionic tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12EO4) and anionic perfluorolauric acid (PFLA) were studied. These mixtures exhibited pronounced synergistic effects in terms of their mixed micellization and rheological properties. Only one type of mixed micelle is formed in dilute mixed solutions. At low PFLA content, with increasing the total surfactant concentration, short thread‐like micelles grow to form larger discs. On increasing the amount of PFLA, owing to the fact that the fluctuant planar bilayers of nonionic C12EO4 become charged, vesicle gels that are comprised of densely packed unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles spontaneously form, in which the fluorocarbon chains in the bilayers are in a fluid state at room temperature. The elastic properties and the yield stress of the lamellar solutions largely increase upon the addition of small amounts of PFLA and they then pass through a maximum at a saturation of effective membrane charge density. Interestingly, increasing the pH value of the gels causes a backward transition from stiff vesicles to flexible planar bilayers. On increasing the amount of NaOH, the bilayers exhibit greater flexibility, owing to the decrease in membrane charges, along with a large decrease in the solution viscosity and their elastic properties. The combination of strong stability of the vesicle gels with the interconvertible transition of bilayers and vesicles is expected to be of practical use for controlled drug delivery and release.
[Fe(TPT)2/3{MI(CN)2}2]⋅nSolv (MI=Ag, Au): New Bimetallic Porous Coordination Polymers with Spin‐Crossover Properties
Authors: Arcís‐Castillo Zulema , Muñoz M. Carmen , Molnár Gábor , Bousseksou Azzedine , Real José Antonio 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTwo new heterobimetallic porous coordination polymers with the formula [Fe(TPT)2/3{MI(CN)2}2]⋅nSolv (TPT=[(2,4,6‐tris(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine]; MI=Ag (nSolv=0, 1 MeOH, 2 CH2Cl2), Au (nSolv=0, 2 CH2Cl2)) have been synthesized and their crystal structures were determined at 120 K and 293 K by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. These structures crystallized in the trigonal R‐3m space group. The FeII ion resides at an inversion centre that defines a [FeN6] coordination core. Four dicyanometallate groups coordinate at the equatorial positions, whilst the axial positions are occupied by the TPT ligand. Each TPT ligand is centred in a ternary axis and bridges three crystallographically equivalent FeII ions, whilst each dicyanometallate group bridges two crystallographically equivalent FeII ions that define a 3D network with the topology of NbO. There are two such networks, which interpenetrate each other, thereby giving rise to large spaces in which very labile solvent molecules are included (CH2Cl2 or MeOH). Crystallographic analysis confirmed the reversible structural changes that were associated with the occurrence of spin‐crossover behaviour at the FeII ions, the most significant structural variation being the change in unit‐cell volume (about 59 Å3 per FeII ion). The spin‐crossover behaviour has been monitored by means of thermal dependence of the magnetic properties, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and calorimetry.
Dense Iodine‐Rich Compounds with Low Detonation Pressures as Biocidal Agents
Authors: He Chunlin , Zhang Jiaheng , Shreeve Jean'ne M 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFifteen iodo compounds and six iodyl compounds with an iodine content between 45.3 and 89.0 % were prepared. The mono, di, and triiodyl compounds were obtained from the corresponding iodo compound by employing Oxone. All the compounds were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The impact sensitivity was measured by using BAM (Bundesamt für Materialforschung) methodology. Based on the calculated heats of formation and experimental densities, the detonation properties and detonation products were predicted by employing Cheetah 6.0. A total percentage of iodine‐containing species in wt % (I2, HI, and I in gas phase) ranged from 46.7 (21) to 88.94 % (11) was found in the detonation products. The high concentration and easy accessibility of iodine and/or iodine‐containing species is very important in developing materials suitable as Agent Defeat Weapons (ADWs).
Conformational Sensitivity in Photoelectron Circular Dichroism of 3‐Methylcyclopentanone
Authors: Turchini Stefano , Catone Daniele , Zema Nicola , Contini Giorgio , Prosperi Tommaso , Decleva Piero , Stener Mauro , Rondino Flaminia , Piccirillo Susanna , Prince Kevin C. , Speranza Maurizio 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA study of (R)‐3‐methylcyclopentanone [(R)‐3‐MCP] by photoelectron spectroscopy and photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) is presented. The synchrotron radiation gas‐phase photoelectron spectra of (R)‐3‐MCP were measured and are discussed on the basis of different theoretical methodologies. The experimental dichroism of (R)‐3‐MCP for selected deconvoluted valence states and for the carbonyl carbon 1s core state are reported and reproduced well by calculated dispersions generated by considering the contributions of two different conformers. The theoretical dichroic parameters are calculated by employing a multicentre basis set of B‐spline functions and a Kohn–Sham Hamiltonian. Temperature‐dependent PECD studies of the HOMO state and the carbonyl carbon 1s core level allowed the separation of the contributions of each conformer by photoelectron dichroism. This new approach clearly shows how the PECD methodology is sensitive to conformational and structural changes of unoriented (R)‐3‐MCP in the gas phase, opening up new perspectives in the characterisation of chiral molecular systems.
Carboxylate‐Assisted Formation of Alkylcarbonate Species from CO2 and Tetramethylammonium Salts with a β‐Amino Acid Anion
Authors: Hong Sung Yun , Cheon Youngeun , Shin Seung Hoon , Lee Hyunjoo , Cheong Minserk , Kim Hoon Sik 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTetramethylammonium‐based molten salts bearing a β‐amino acid anion (TMAAs) are synthesized through Michael addition reactions of amines with methyl acrylate followed by hydrolysis and subsequent neutralization by using aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The CO2 capture performances of the TMAAs are evaluated and are shown to interact with CO2 in a 1:1 mode in both water and alcohol. FTIR and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies on the interactions of TMAAs with CO2 indicate that the type of CO2 adduct varies with the solvent used. When water is used as the solvent, a bicarbonate species is produced, whereas hydroxyethylcarbonate and methylcarbonate species are generated in ethylene glycol and methanol, respectively. Computational calculations show that the carboxylate groups of TMAAs contribute towards the formation and stabilization of 1:1 CO2 adducts through hydrogen bonding interactions with the hydrogen atoms of the amino groups.
Using pedigree reconstruction to estimate population size: genotypes are more than individually unique marks
Authors: Creel Scott , Rosenblatt Elias 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEstimates of population size are critical for conservation and management, but accurate estimates are difficult to obtain for many species. Noninvasive genetic methods are increasingly used to estimate population size, particularly in elusive species such as large carnivores, which are difficult to count by most other methods. In most such studies, genotypes are treated simply as unique individual identifiers. Here, we develop a new estimator of population size based on pedigree reconstruction. The estimator accounts for individuals that were directly sampled, individuals that were not sampled but whose genotype could be inferred by pedigree reconstruction, and individuals that were not detected by either of these methods. Monte Carlo simulations show that the population estimate is unbiased and precise if sampling is of sufficient intensity and duration. Simulations also identified sampling conditions that can cause the method to overestimate or underestimate true population size; we present and discuss methods to correct these potential biases. The method detected 2–21% more individuals than were directly sampled across a broad range of simulated sampling schemes. Genotypes are more than unique identifiers, and the information about relationships in a set of genotypes can improve estimates of population size.
Caterpillars selected for large body size and short development time are more susceptible to oxygen‐related stress
Authors: Harrison Jon F. , Cease Arianne J. , VandenBrooks John M. , Albert Todd , Davidowitz Goggy 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRecent studies suggest that higher growth rates may be associated with reduced capacities for stress tolerance and increased accumulated damage due to reactive oxygen species. We tested the response of Manduca sexta (Sphingidae) lines selected for large or small body size and short development time to hypoxia (10 kPa) and hyperoxia (25, 33, and 40 kPa); both hypoxia and hyperoxia reduce reproduction and oxygen levels over 33 kPa have been shown to increase oxidative damage in insects. Under normoxic (21 kPa) conditions, individuals from the large‐selected (big‐fast) line were larger and had faster growth rates, slightly longer developmental times, and reduced survival rates compared to individuals from a line selected for small size (small‐fast) or an unselected control line. Individuals from the big‐fast line exhibited greater negative responses to hyperoxia with greater reductions in juvenile and adult mass, growth rate, and survival than the other two lines. Hypoxia generally negatively affected survival and growth/size, but the lines responded similarly. These results are mostly consistent with the hypothesis that simultaneous acquisition of large body sizes and short development times leads to reduced capacities for coping with stressful conditions including oxidative damage. This result is of particular importance in that natural selection tends to decrease development time and increase body size.
The distribution of the thermally tolerant symbiont lineage (Symbiodinium clade D) in corals from Hawaii: correlations with host and the history of ocean thermal stress
Authors: Stat Michael , Pochon Xavier , Franklin Erik C. , Bruno John F. , Casey Kenneth S. , Selig Elizabeth R. , Gates Ruth D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSpatially intimate symbioses, such as those between scleractinian corals and unicellular algae belonging to the genus Symbiodinium, can potentially adapt to changes in the environment by altering the taxonomic composition of their endosymbiont communities. We quantified the spatial relationship between the cumulative frequency of thermal stress anomalies (TSAs) and the taxonomic composition of Symbiodinium in the corals Montipora capitata, Porites lobata, and Porites compressa across the Hawaiian archipelago. Specifically, we investigated whether thermally tolerant clade D Symbiodinium was in greater abundance in corals from sites with high frequencies of TSAs. We recovered 2305 Symbiodinium ITS2 sequences from 242 coral colonies in lagoonal reef habitats at Pearl and Hermes Atoll, French Frigate Shoals, and Kaneohe Bay, Oahu in 2007. Sequences were grouped into 26 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 12 OTUs associated with Montipora and 21 with Porites. Both coral genera associated with Symbiodinium in clade C, and these co‐occurred with clade D in M. capitata and clade G in P. lobata. The latter represents the first report of clade G Symbiodinium in P. lobata. In M. capitata (but not Porites spp.), there was a significant correlation between the presence of Symbiodinium in clade D and a thermal history characterized by high cumulative frequency of TSAs. The endogenous community composition of Symbiodinium and an association with clade D symbionts after long‐term thermal disturbance appear strongly dependent on the taxa of the coral host.