bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro and Nanotechnology for Intracellular Delivery Therapy Protein
Authors: Xu Dan , Hu Zhenhua , Su Jing , Wu Fei , Yuan Weien 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Proteins therapy is of great importance in the treatment of protein deficiency disease. Most human diseases are related to the malfunctioning of one or more proteins. The most effective and direct approach is protein therapy, which delivers the proteins into the target cell to replace the dysfunction protein and maintain the balance of organism. However, clinical application is frequently hampered by various biological barriers to their successful delivery. This review aims to discuss the recent advances about microparticles and nanoparticles fabricated using micro and nanotechnology for intracellular delivery therapy protein and give some suggestions about the promising delivery system.
Development of Inorganic Solar Cells by Nano-technology
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Geng Huijuan , Zhou Zhihua , Wu Jiang , Wang Zhiming , Zhang Yaozhong , Li Zhongli , Zhang Liying , Yang Zhi , Hwang HueyLiang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Inorganic solar cells, as durable photovoltaic devices for harvesting electric energy from sun light, have received tremendous attention due to the fear of exhausting the earth’s energy resources and damaging the living environment due to greenhouse gases. Some recent developments in nanotechnology have opened up new avenues for more relevant inorganic solar cells produced by new photovoltaic conversion concepts and effective solar energy harvesting nanostructures. In this review, the multiple exciton generation effect solar cells, hot carrier solar cells, one dimensional material constructed asymmetrical schottky barrier arrays, noble nanoparticle induced plasmonic enhancement, and light trapping nanostructured semiconductor solar cells are highlighted.
Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Growth of Eukaryotic Green Algae
Authors: Dash Anjali , Singh Anand P. , Chaudhary Bansh R. , Singh Sunil K. , Dash Debabrata 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles, endowed with powerful antimicrobial property, are the most widely used nanomaterial in consumer products, with associated risk of their easy access to environment and freshwater ecosystems by surface runoff. Although toxic effects of nanosilver on bacterial, fungal and mammalian cells have been documented, its impact on algal growth remains unknown. Pithophora oedogonia and Chara vulgaris are predominant members of photosynthetic eukaryotic algae, which form major component of global aquatic ecosystem. Here we report for the first time that nanosilver has significant adverse effects on growth and morphology of these filamentous green algae in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure of algal thalli to increasing concentrations of silver nanoparticles resulted in progressive depletion in algal chlorophyll content, chromosome instability and mitotic disturbance, associated with morphological malformations in algal filaments. SEM micrographs revealed dramatic alterations in cell wall in nanoparticle-treated algae, characterized with cell wall rupture and degradation in Pithophora. Although these observations underscore severe deleterious effects of nanosilver on aquatic environment, the information can also be exploited as a bioengineering strategy to control unwanted and persistent growth of noxious algal weeds that clog the municipal water supply and water channels and produce fouling of water bodies.
Compositionally Graded Microstructure for Ag-Fe Nanoparticles
Authors: Srivastava Chandan , Sushma K. V. L. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Ag-Fe nanoparticles with a highly Ag rich average composition were synthesized by the sonochemical route. Silver-iron system exhibits a wide miscibility gap in the bulk materials. Interestingly, a graded compositional profile along the nanoparticle radius was observed. Regions at and near the surface of the nanoparticle contained both Ag and Fe atoms. The composition got relatively deficient Fe towards the center of the particle with particle core made up of pure Ag. Alloying of Ag and Fe is confirmed by the absence of diffraction signal corresponding to pure Fe phase and presence of a paramagnetic phase in nanoparticles containing a diamagnetic (Ag) and ferromagnetic (Fe) elements.
4-Aminothiophenol Strong SERS Signal Enhancement at Electrodeposited Silver Surface
Authors: Škantárová Lenka , Oriňák Andrej , Oriňáková Renáta , Lofaj František 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Strong surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy signal of 4-aminothiophenol on silver substrate prepared by controlled electrodeposition is documented in this article. Enhancement factor was found to be affected not only by nanoparticle size, shape, orientation and spatial distribution, but also by interaction of Ag nanoparticles with thiol group of testing analyte. Self-assembled monolayers formation was contributed to this unique signal enhancement. The enhancement factor was established of 1.81×1014.
The Influence of Morphology on Photo-catalytic Activity and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline ZnO Powder
Authors: Moghaddam Javad , Mollaesmail Sara , Karimi Saeed 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
ZnO nano-particles were synthesized via an ammonical ammonium carbonate solution by precipitation method in presence of some additives such as urea, oleic and stearic acid. The morphology and crystallinity of the obtained zinc oxide particles depend critically on the type of additive which was used. Additives also affected the crystal orientation of precipitate nano-particles. SEM, XRD, BET and UV-visible were used to characterize morphology, microstructure, specific surface area and optical properties of the products. Photo-catalysis properties of the as-prepared ZnO powders were evaluated by degradation of methyl red (acid red) in aqueous solution exposed to UV-light. Results suggested a close relationship among the morphology, size and surface area on photo-catalysis and optical properties of the particles. The widest Eg value (3.56 eV), highest degradation and decolorization efficiency (99%) were obtained from a sample with the smallest grain size (largest surface area) which were used urea as an additive.
Controlling the Properties of Solvent-free Fe3O4 Nanofluids by Corona Structure
Authors: Tan Yumo , Zheng Yaping , Wang Nan , Zhang Aibo 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We studied the relationship between corona structure and properties of solvent-free Fe3O4 nanofluids. We proposed a series of corona structures with different branched chains and synthesize different solvent-free nanofluids in order to show the effect of corona structure on the phase behavior, dispersion, as well as rheology properties. Results demonstrate novel liquid-like behaviors without solvent at room temperature. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles content is bigger than 8% and its size is about 2∼3 nm. For the solvent-free nanofluids, the long chain corona has the internal plasticization, which can decrease the loss modulus of system, while the short chain of corona results in the high viscosity of nanofluids. Long alkyl chains of modifiers lead to lower viscosity and better flowability of nanofluids. The rheology and viscosity of the nanofluids are correlated to the microscopic structure of the corona, which provide an in-depth insight into the preparing nanofluids with promising applications based on their tunable and controllable physical properties.
Assembling SnO Nanosheets into Microhydrangeas: Gas Phase Synthesis and Their Optical Property
Authors: Zhang Zhenglin , Wang Jing , Yu Zhou , Qu Fengyu , Wu Xiang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Large scale SnO microhydrangeas are obtained successfully through thermally evaporating of SnO2 powder wrapped by a filter paper at 1050°C and using gold coated Si wafer as the substrate. The as-obtained SnO microhydrangeas are consisted of many thin nanosheets with the thicknesses of 30–60 nm and the diameters of 500–600 nm. A vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism for the as-synthesized SnO microhydrangeas was proposed based on experimental results. Photoluminescence spectrum (PL) shows that there is a strong sharp ultraviolet emission peak at 390 nm, revealing that these three-dimensional SnO microhydrangeas may have potential applications in optoelectronic fields.
Nanobiocomposite Electrochemical Biosensor Utilizing Synergic Action of Neutral Red Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Jeykumari D. R. Shobha , Kalaivani R. , Narayanan S. Sriman 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
An amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor using a nanobiocomposite based on neutral red modified carbon nanotubes and co-immobilized glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase is reported. Modification of the nanobiocomposite electrode with neutral red resulted in a sensitive, low-cost and reliable H2O2 sensor. The use of carbon nanotubes, as the conductive part of the composite, facilitated fast electron transfer rates. The biosensor was characterized for the influence of pH, potential and temperature. A remarkable feature of the biosensor is the detection of H2O2 at low applied potentials where the noise level and interferences are minimal. The sensor has a fast steady-state measuring time of 10 s with a quick response (2 s). The biosensor showed a linear range from 15 nM to 45 mM of H2O2 and a detection limit of 5 nM. Nafion, which is used as a binder, makes the determination free from other electroactive substances. The repeatability, reproducibility, stability and analytical performance of the sensor are very good.
Shell-driven Fine Structure Transition of Core Materials in Co@Au Core-shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Song Yujun , Wang Yinghui , Ji Shaoxia , Ding Jie 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Co@Au core shell nanoparticles (NPs) of different shell thicknesses were fabricated by a combination of the displacement process and the reduction-deposition process in a microfluidic reactor. The effect of the shell thickness on the fine structures (local atom arrangement) of core materials was investigated by X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS). The results indicate that the shell thickness affects the fine structure of the core materials by causing atomic re-arrangement between the hexagonal close pack (hcp) and the face centered cubic (fcc) structure, and forming Co-Au bonds in the core-shell interface.
Ordered SrTiO3 Nanoripples Induced by Focused Ion Beam
Authors: Wu Jiang , Chen Gang , Zeng Zhaoquan , Li Shibin , Xu Xingliang , Wang Zhiming M. , Salamo Gregory J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Ordered nanoripples on the niobium-doped SrTiO3 surfaces were fabricated through focused ion beam bombardment. The surface morphology of the SrTiO3 nanoripples was characterized using in situ focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy. The well-aligned SrTiO3 nanostructures were obtained under optimized ion irradiation conditions. The characteristic wavelength was measured as about 210 nm for different ion beam currents. The relationship between the ion irradiation time and current and SrTiO3 surface morphology was analyzed. The presented method will be an effective supplement for fabrication of SrTiO3 nanostructures that can be used for ferroelectric and electronic applications.
Electrophoretic Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Layer for Plasma Display Panels
Authors: Liu Qifa , Yang Zhuoqing , Wang Yan , Ding Guifu 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A carbon-nanotube (CNT) electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process has been developed to prepare a field emission layer in plasma display panels (PDP) for discharge voltage reduction. The CNT layer as a source of discharge priming electrons has been fabricated on the PDP front panel. The balling grinding, mix-acid treatment and EPD parameters have been investigated in order to obtain good uniformity and excellent field emission capability of CNT layer, in order to meet the specifications of CNTs in PDP cell. The measured turn-on field was around 1.1 V/μm in the field emission testing while the minimum sustaining voltage was decreased by 30∼40 V with the use of CNT layer in the discharge testing.
Synthesis, Optical Properties and Photovoltaic Application of the SnS Quasi-one-dimensional Nanostructures
Authors: Wang M. X. , Yue G. H. , Lin Y. D. , Wen X. , Peng D. L. , Geng Z. R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Low-toxicity single crystal SnS nanowires had been successfully synthesized by the catalyst-assistant chemical vapor deposition. Au nanoparticles were applied on the ITO surface as the catalysis, using SnS powder and S powder as forerunners. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the prepared SnS nanowires were characterized. The experimental results show the as-synthesized nanowires are single crystalline with a preferential orientation. The synthesized SnS nanowires show strong absorption in the visible and near-infrared spectral region, and the direct energy band gap of SnS nanowires is 1.46 eV.
Large-scale Patterning of Hydrophobic Silicon Nanostructure Arrays Fabricated by Dual Lithography and Deep Reactive Ion Etching
Authors: Ma Zhibo , Jiang Chengyu , Yuan Weizheng , He Yang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We describe a simple but efficient technique to fabricate large-scale arrays of highly ordered silicon nanostructures. By coupling dual lithography using light of 351.1 nm wavelength with deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), silicon nanostructures of excellent regularity and uniform coverage were achieved. The proposed nanofabrication method not only simplified the nanofabrication process but also produced high-aspect-ratio (higher than 15) nanostructures. The scalloping problem was also controlled by regulating DRIE parameters. The process is rapid, cheap, examined to optimize the fabrication process, and has the potential to be scaled up to large areas. The contact angle of a water droplet atop the surface is larger than 15°. Moreover, by coupling black silicon process with DRIE-based microfabrication, three-dimensional nano/nano dual-scale structures which show robust and stable hydrophobicity have been achieved. This process opens new application possibilities in optical, photoelectric, microelectronic, catalytic and biomedical applications.
Influence of an Electronic Field on the GMI Effect of Fe-based Nanocrystalline Microwire
Authors: Zhang Q. , Chen D. L. , Li X. , Yang P. X. , Chu J. H. , Zhao Z. J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this work, a Fe-based nanocrystalline microwire of 20 mm in length and 25 μm in diameter was placed in the center of a 316 stainless steel pipe. The pipe was 500 μm in diameter and a little shorter than the microwire. A series of voltages were applied on the pipe to study the influence of the electrical field on the Giant-Magneto-Impedance (GMI) effect of the microwire. Experimental results showed that the electronic field between the wire and the pipe reduced the hysteresis of the GMI effect. The results were explained based on equivalent circuit and eddy current consumptions analysis.
Synthesis of Nanostructured Copper-doped Titania and Its Properties
Authors: Zuas Oman , Budiman Harry 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNanostructured pure-TiO2and Cu3%-TiO2were successfully synthesized via co-precipitation method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) result proves that the synthesized sample were predominantly in anatase phase with size in the range of 8∼16 nm, which are in good agreement with the transmission electron microscopy data. Owing to doping of copper, not only did the thermal stability of the TiO2decrease, but also a significant decrease in its particle size and a shift of the adsorption edge to a higher wavelength region appear. The activity of both pure-TiO2and Cu3%-doped TiO2was tested to study their ability to decolorize congo red (CR) dye in aqueous solution. We observed that the CR dye was decolorized faster by Cu3%-TiO2than pure-TiO2. Results of this study demonstrate a potential application of the synthesized sample for decolorizing dye pollutants from aqueous waste.
Semiconductor Type Dependent Comparison of Electrical Characteristics of Pt/InP Structures Fabricated by Magnetron Sputtering Technique in the Range of 20–400 K
Authors: Korkut H. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The paper describes how electrical properties of Pt/InP Schottky diode were affected by semiconductor type. We fabricated Pt/p-InP and Pt/n-InP Schottky diodes and measured electrical characteristics from 20 K to 400 K. Thicknesses of less than 30 nm of platinum were deposited on the two types of indium phosphide substrates using magnetron sputtering technique after the creation of Zn-Au ohmic back contact. We discussed basic diode parameters of idealiy factors, barrier heights and serries resistances of the two type of contacts. Additionly, unusual temperature characteristics of the the diodes were highlighted. These results were evaluated in terms of semiconductor type comparision of Pt/InP Schottky structures.
Vapor Phase Polymerization Deposition Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites on Porous Dielectric Surface as High Performance Electrode Materials
Authors: Yang Yajie , Zhang Luning , Li Shibin , Wang Zhiming , Xu Jianhua , Yang Wenyao , Jiang Yadong 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We report chemical vapor phase polymerization (VPP) deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and PEDOT/graphene on porous dielectric tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) surface as cathode films for solid tantalum electrolyte capacitors. The modified oxidant/oxidant-graphene films were first deposited on Ta2O5 by dip-coating, and VPP process was subsequently utilized to transfer oxidant/oxidant-graphene into PEDOT/PEDOT-graphene films. The SEM images showed PEDOT/PEDOT-graphene films was successfully constructed on porous Ta2O5 surface through VPP deposition, and a solid tantalum electrolyte capacitor with conducting polymer-graphene nano-composites as cathode films was constructed. The high conductivity nature of PEDOT-graphene leads to resistance decrease of cathode films and lower contact resistance between PEDOT/graphene and carbon paste. This nano-composite cathode films based capacitor showed ultralow equivalent series resistance (ESR) ca. 12Ω and exhibited excellent capacitance-frequency performance, which can keep 82% of initial capacitance at 500 KHz. The investigation on leakage current revealed that the device encapsulation process has no influence on capacitor leakage current, indicating the excellent mechanical strength of PEDOT/PEDOT-gaphene films. This high conductivity and mechanical strength of graphene-based polymer films shows promising future for electrode materials such as capacitors, organic solar cells and electrochemical energy storage devices.
Recent Progress in Ferroelectric Diodes: Explorations in Switchable Diode Effect
Authors: Ge Chen , Wang Can , Jin Kui-juan , Lu Hui-bin , Yang Guo-zhen 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Switchable diode effect in ferroelectric diodes has attracted much attention for its potential applications in novel nonvolatile memories. We briefly review recent investigations on the switchable diode effect in ferroelectric diodes both experimentally and theoretically. Many recent studies demonstrate that the interfacial barrier between the metal-ferroelectrics could be modulated by the polarization charges, and the ferroelectric polarization that can be reversed by an external electric field plays a dominant role in the switchable diode effect. Moreover, we review a self-consistent numerical model, which can well describe the switchable diode effect in ferroelectric diodes. Based on this model, it can be predicted that it is a better choice to select metals with a smaller permittivity, such as noble metals, to obtain a more pronounced switchable diode effect in ferroelectric diodes.
Nano Brazing of Pt-Ag Nanoparticles under Femtosecond Laser Irradiation
Authors: Liu L. , Huang H. , Hu A. , Zou G. , Quintino L. , Zhou Y. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Nano brazing of Pt-Ag nanoparticles with nano Ag filler metal is reported in this letter, which presents an effective way to join nanoobjects by femtosecond laser irradiation. The nano brazed interface between Pt-Ag and Ag showed good lattice matching along (111)Ag//(111)Ag-Pt. Lattice mismatch can hardly be observed at the interface between the filler metal and Pt-Ag nanoparticle, which is important for the joint strength and normally does not occur during joining. The very low mismatch also suggested that melting and solidification occurred during nano brazing by femtosecond laser. The role of Brownian motion on the nano joining process is also discussed in this paper.
Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Net-like Titanate Nanowire Films via Low-temperature and Low-alkali-concentration Route
Authors: Huang Xinwen , Liu Zongjian 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Net-like titanate nanowire films can be grown on Ti substrates by non-hydrothermal treatment of Ti foils in alkali-H2O2 aqueous solutions with a low alkali concentration of 2 M at 60–80°C. The growth mechanism of such films has been investigated by identifying the role of both H2O2 and alkali in the nanowire formation and capturing the film morphology at early growth stages. It is found that the presence of H2O2 is necessary for the nanowire growth, and sufficient amount of H2O2 is needed to produce well-shaped nanowires. The nanowire growth is also strongly dependant on the alkali used, and nanowire films are formed only when metal hydroxides which can react with TiO2 to form layer-structured titanates are chosen. Our results have also revealed that the heterogeneous deposition of titanate on Ti substrate results in the growth of titanate sheets, and the nanowire formation is via a splitting process by which each titanate sheet gradually evolves into nanowire thin layer. Based on the experimental results, a detailed mechanism is proposed for the growth of titanate nanowire films in alkali-H2O2 aqueous solutions at low temperature.
Electrochemical Generation of Cubic Shaped Nano Zn2SnO4 Photocatalysts
Authors: Govindappa Chandrappa K. , Venkatarangaiah Venkatesha T. , Hamid Sharifah B. Abd 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this contribution, an efficient and simple two-step hybrid electrochemical-thermal route was developed for the synthesis of cubic shaped Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) nanoparticles using aqueous sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and sodium stannate (Na2SnO3) electrolyte. The sacrificial Zn was used as anode and cathode in an undivided cell under galvanostatic mode at room temperature. The bath concentration and current density were respectively varied from 30 to 120 mmol and 0.05 to 1.5 A/dm2. The electrochemically generated precursor was calcined for an hour at different range of temperature from 60 to 600°C. The crystallite sizes in the range of 24-53 nm were calculated based on Debye-Scherrer equation. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy results reveal that all the particles have cubic morphology with diameter of 40–50 nm. The as-prepared ZTO samples showed higher catalytic activity towards the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye, and 90% degradation was found for the sample calcined at 600°C, which is greater than that of commercial TiO2-P25 photocatalysts. The photodegradation efficiency of ZTO samples was found to be a function of exposure time and the dye solution pH value. These results indicate that the ZTO nanoparticles may be employed to remove dyes from wastewater.