bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrological and geochronological constraints on lower crust exhumation during Paleoproterozoic (Eburnean) orogeny, NW Ghana, West African Craton
Authors: Block S. , Ganne J. , Baratoux L. , Zeh A. , Parra‐Avila L. A. , Jessell M. , Ailleres L. , Siebenaller L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNew petrological and geochronological data are presented on high‐grade ortho‐ and paragneisses from northwestern Ghana, forming part of the Paleoproterozoic (2.25–2.00 Ga) West African Craton. The study area is located in the interference zone between N–S and NE–SW‐trending craton‐scale shear zones, formed during the Eburnean orogeny (2.15–2.00 Ga). High‐grade metamorphic domains are separated from low‐grade greenstone belts by high‐strain zones, including early thrusts, extensional detachments and late‐stage strike‐slip shear zones. Paragneisses sporadically preserve high‐pressure, low‐temperature (HP–LT) relicts, formed at the transition between the blueschist facies and the epidote–amphibolite sub‐facies (10.0–14.0 kbar, 520–600 °C), and represent a low (~15 °C km−1) apparent geothermal gradient. Migmatites record metamorphic conditions at the amphibolite–granulite facies transition. They reveal a clockwise pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) path characterized by melting at pressures over 10.0 kbar, followed by decompression and heating to peak temperatures of 750 °C at 5.0–8.0 kbar, which fit a 30 °C km−1 apparent geotherm. A regional amphibolite facies metamorphic overprint is recorded by rocks that followed a clockwise P–T–t path, characterized by peak metamorphic conditions of 7.0–10.0 kbar at 550–680 °C, which match a 20–25 °C km−1 apparent geotherm. These P–T conditions were reached after prograde burial and heating for some rock units, and after decompression and heating for others. The timing of anatexis and of the amphibolite facies metamorphic overprint is constrained by in‐situ U–Pb dating of monazite crystallization at 2138 ± 7 and 2130 ± 7 Ma respectively. The new data set challenges the interpretation that metamorphic breaks in the West African Craton are due to diachronous Birimian ‘basins’ overlying a gneissic basement. It suggests that the lower crust was exhumed along reverse, normal and transcurrent shear zones and juxtaposed against shallow crustal slices during the Eburnean orogeny. The craton in NW Ghana is made of distinct fragments with contrasting tectono‐metamorphic histories. The range of metamorphic conditions and the sharp lateral metamorphic gradients are inconsistent with ‘hot orogeny’ models proposed for many Precambrian provinces. These findings shed new light on the geodynamic setting of craton assembly and stabilization in the Paleoproterozoic. It is suggested that the metamorphic record of the West African Craton is characteristic of Paleoproterozoic plate tectonics and illustrates a transition between Archean and Phanerozoic orogens.
Effect of Chronic Administration of Phenobarbital, or Bromide, on Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam in Dogs with Epilepsy
Authors: Muñana K.R. , Nettifee‐Osborne J.A. , Papich M.G. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundLevetiracetam (LEV) is a common add‐on antiepileptic drug (AED) in dogs with refractory seizures. Concurrent phenobarbital administration alters the disposition of LEV in healthy dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the pharmacokinetics of LEV in dogs with epilepsy when administered concurrently with conventional AEDs.AnimalsEighteen client‐owned dogs on maintenance treatment with LEV and phenobarbital (PB group, n = 6), LEV and bromide (BR group, n = 6) or LEV, phenobarbital and bromide (PB–BR group, n = 6).MethodsProspective pharmacokinetic study. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after LEV administration. Plasma LEV concentrations were determined by high‐pressure liquid chromatography. To account for dose differences among dogs, LEV concentrations were normalized to the mean study dose (26.4 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on adjusted concentrations, using a noncompartmental method, and area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) calculated to the last measured time point.ResultsCompared to the PB and PB–BR groups, the BR group had significantly higher peak concentration (Cmax) (73.4 ± 24.0 versus 37.5 ± 13.7 and 26.5 ± 8.96 μg/mL, respectively, P < .001) and AUC (329 ± 114 versus 140 ± 64.7 and 98.7 ± 42.2 h*μg/mL, respectively, P < .001), and significantly lower clearance (CL/F) (71.8 ± 22.1 versus 187 ± 81.9 and 269 ± 127 mL/h/kg, respectively, P = .028).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceConcurrent administration of PB alone or in combination with bromide increases LEV clearance in epileptic dogs compared to concurrent administration of bromide alone. Dosage increases might be indicated when utilizing LEV as add‐on treatment with phenobarbital in dogs.
RNAseq reveals weed‐induced PIF3‐like as a candidate target to manipulate weed stress response in soybean
Authors: Horvath David P. , Hansen Stephanie A. , Moriles‐Miller Janet P. , Pierik Ronald , Yan Changhui , Clay David E. , Scheffler Brian , Clay Sharon A. 
Published: February 2015

Summary

Weeds reduce yield in soybeans (Glycine max) through incompletely defined mechanisms. The effects of weeds on the soybean transcriptome were evaluated in field conditions during four separate growing seasons.

RNASeq data were collected from six biological samples of soybeans growing with or without weeds. Weed species and the methods to maintain weed‐free controls varied between years to mitigate treatment effects, and to allow detection of general soybean weed responses.

Soybean plants were not visibly nutrient‐ or water‐stressed. We identified 55 consistently downregulated genes in weedy plots. Many of the downregulated genes were heat shock genes. Fourteen genes were consistently upregulated. Several transcription factors including a PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3‐like gene (PIF3) were included among the upregulated genes. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated roles for increased oxidative stress and jasmonic acid signaling responses during weed stress.

The relationship of this weed‐induced PIF3 gene to genes involved in shade avoidance responses in Arabidopsis provide evidence that this gene may be important in the response of soybean to weeds. These results suggest that the weed‐induced PIF3 gene will be a target for manipulating weed tolerance in soybean.
Precocious sexual dimorphism and the Lilliput effect in Neo‐Tethyan Ostracoda (Crustacea) through the Permian–Triassic boundary
Authors: Forel Marie‐Béatrice , Crasquin Sylvie , Chitnarin Anisong , Angiolini Lucia , Gaetani Maurizio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTheElikahRiver section spanning theLopingian (LatePermian) to theGriesbachian (EarlyTriassic) time interval in theCentralAlborzMountains (northIran) was sampled for ostracod analysis. We report 79 species distributed among 38 genera. Four new species are described:Acratia?pervagataForel sp. nov.,Microcheilinella alborzellaForel sp. nov.,Basslerella superarellaCrasquin sp. nov. andCavellina nesenensisCrasquin sp. nov. The ontogeny of 13 species is described and sexual dimorphism in the genusMicrocheilinellais here undoubtedly recognized for the first time. Six species show precocious sexual dimorphism of their carapace as early asA‐5 juvenile. TheLilliput effect is for the first time recorded and quantified for two species. Rare long‐time spanPalaeocopida species, known throughout the entirePermian, document relatively long‐term evolution, including the size and growth rate modifications associated with the earlier appearance of carapace sexual dimorphism through time. These patterns might be related to theGuadalupian–Lopingian events and/or to climatic modifications occurring during the Permian interval.
Trial heterogeneity and variance models in the genetic evaluation of potato tuber yield
Authors: Paget Mark F. , Alspach Peter A. , Anderson John A.D. , Genet Russell A. , Apiolaza Luis A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGenetic evaluation aims to identify genotypes with high empirical breeding values (EBVs) for selection as parents. In this study, 2157 potato genotypes were evaluated for tuber yield using 8 years of early‐stage trial data collected from a potato breeding programme. Using linear mixed models, spatial parameters to target greater control of localised spatial heterogeneity within trials were estimated and variance models to account for across‐trial genetic heterogeneity were tested. When spatial components improved model fit, correlations of errors were mostly small and negative for marketable tuber yield (MTY) and total tuber yield (TTY), suggesting the presence of interplot competition in some years. For the analysis of multi‐environment trials, a variance model with a simple correlation structure (with heterogeneous variances) was the most favourable variance structure fitted for TTY and PTY (per cent marketable yield). There was very little difference in model fit when comparing a factor analytic structure of order 2 (FA2) with either FA1 or simple correlation structures for MTY, indicating that simple variance models may be preferable for early‐stage genetic evaluation of potato yield.
Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with anti‐tuberculosis drugs
Authors: Avcu Gülhadiye , Sensoy Gülnar , Çeliksoy Mehmet Halil , Sogut Ayhan , Kefeli Mehmet , Karli Arzu , Belet Nursen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLeukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV), a disease characterized by inflammation of the small vessels, presents with palpable purpura, especially in the lower extremities. Its etiology is known to include drugs, infection, collagen tissue disease, and malignancy, but LCV caused by anti‐tuberculosis drugs is very rarely seen. This report describes the case of a 12‐year‐old girl who developed LCV with rifampicin and ethambutol while undergoing anti‐tuberculosis treatment due to extensive pulmonary involvement.
Rotavirus gastroenteritis‐associated urinary ammonium acid urate crystals
Authors: Yokoyama Tadafumi , Sugimoto Naotoshi , Kato Eiji , Ohta Kazuhide , Ishikawa Sayaka , Ueno Kazuyuki , Shimizu Masaki , Yachie Akihiro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAlthough ammonium acid urate (AAU) calculi are extremely rare renal stone components, it was recently found that many urinary tract calculi that cause post‐renal renal failure in rotavirus (RV) gastroenteritis are AAU calculi. The mechanism of AAU calculi development in RV gastroenteritis has not been fully elucidated. We analyzed data from eight RV gastroenteritis patients who transiently had AAU crystals in their urinary sediment. In these patients, formation of AAU crystals occurred earlier than the formation of AAU calculi. No difference was observed in serum and urine uric acid levels between RV gastroenteritis patients with or without AAU crystals. Interestingly, fractional excretion of sodium was extremely low among patients with AAU crystals. These results suggest that the formation of AAU crystals might not be due to excretion of uric acid, but excretion of sodium.
Mesenteric hernia causing bowel obstruction in very low‐birthweight infants
Authors: Hirata Katsuya , Kawahara Hisayoshi , Shiono Nobuko , Nishihara Masahiro , Kubota Akio , Nakayama Masahiro , Kitajima Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInternal hernia through a mesenteric defect, called mesenteric hernia, is an uncommon cause of acute intestinal obstruction in newborns. Strangulated mesenteric hernia results in intestinal necrosis or perforation and progressive deterioration with fatal outcome, especially when it occurs in low‐birthweight infants. We report two very low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants, who presented with acute intestinal obstruction related to mesenteric defect. The initial diagnosis was meconium obstruction in those cases, which is a common cause of bowel obstruction occurring in VLBW infants. Correct diagnosis of mesenteric hernia was difficult in these cases because of rapid deterioration and non‐specific radiological findings. Awareness of the possibility of rare mesenteric hernia causing acute intestinal obstruction and surgical intervention in an appropriate timeframe are important for rescuing VLBW infants with such organic abnormalities.
Concomitant percutaneous aortic embolectomy and excision of left atrial myxoma in a child
Authors: Lee Eun‐Jung , Moon Sena , Lee Jae Young , Kang Joon Kyu , Chang Yun Hee 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCardiac myxoma is rare in children and often associated with cerebrovascular events. Reported herein is the case of a 9‐year‐old boy who presented with acute obstruction of the aortic bifurcation associated with a huge left atrial (LA) myxoma, thereby leading to acute ischemia of the lower extremities. Immediate surgical removal of the LA myxoma with concomitant percutaneous embolectomy using a Forgathy catheter was done, with relief of ischemic symptoms. Cardiac myxoma should always be considered in the case of acute embolic events in children, given that it needs immediate intervention to prevent further complications.
Pott's puffy tumor in a 12‐year‐old boy
Authors: Avcu Gülhadiye , Belet Nursen , Kurnaz Senem Cengel , Karli Arzu , Sensoy Gülnar 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPott's puffy tumor (PPT) is a rare complication of sinusitis characterized by subperiosteal abscess and osteomyelitis of the frontal bone. Early diagnosis and treatment is vital before it causes intracranial complications such as subdural empyema or brain abscess. Herein we describe the case of a 12‐year‐old patient who developed preseptal cellulitis and PPT, and was successfully treated with abscess drainage, sinus surgery and long‐term antibiotic therapy.
Malignant transformation of germinoma 14 years after onset: Favorable efficacy of oral etoposide
Authors: Fukuoka Kohei , Yanagisawa Takaaki , Suzuki Tomonari , Shirahata Mitsuaki , Adachi Jun‐ichi , Mishima Kazuhiko , Fujimaki Takamitsu , Matsutani Masao , Nishikawa Ryo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report the case of a 19‐year‐old woman with a highly malignant intracranial germ cell tumor (GCT) that developed 14 years after treatment for neurohypophyseal germinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large neurohypophyseal mass and a synchronous lesion in the pineal region. Plasma α‐fetoprotein was elevated to 3038 ng/mL. Although the tumor shrank and tumor marker levels normalized after chemotherapy and craniospinal irradiation, treatment was switched to oral etoposide for the residual tumor because of adverse events. MRI after oral etoposide introduction showed additional tumor shrinkage for 27 months after the onset of the second tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest interval between germinoma onset and the development of highly malignant recurrent GCT to be reported in the English‐language literature. Oral etoposide prevented regrowth of the GCT, which has a poor prognosis, and decreased the size of the residual tumor.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in children
Authors: Zhou Yunlian , Xu Dan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sheng Yuanjian , Chen Xiaoyou , Chen Zhimin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAllergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a disease of the lungs resulting from a hypersensitivity reaction to spores of Aspergillus fumigatus. Here we report the case of a 13‐year‐old girl with ABPA who presented with productive cough, bronchiectasis and decline in lung function, and review the clinical features and treatment for pediatric ABPA.
Relative Identity
Authors: Noonan Harold W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractExamples suggest that one and the same A may be different Bs, and hence that there is some sort of incompleteness in the unqualified statement that x and y are the same which needs to be eliminated by answering the question “the same what?” One way to make this more precise is by appeal to Geach's idea that identity is relative. In this paper I evaluate Geach's relative identity thesis.
Large‐scale insertional mutagenesis of Chlamydomonas supports phylogenomic functional prediction of photosynthetic genes and analysis of classical acetate‐requiring mutants
Authors: Dent Rachel M. , Sharifi Marina N. , Malnoë Alizée , Haglund Cat , Calderon Robert H. , Wakao Setsuko , Niyogi Krishna K. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryChlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga that is a key model organism in the study of photosynthesis and oxidative stress. Here we describe the large‐scale generation of a population of insertional mutants that have been screened for phenotypes related to photosynthesis and the isolation of 459 flanking sequence tags from 439 mutants. Recent phylogenomic analysis has identified a core set of genes, named GreenCut2, that are conserved in green algae and plants. Many of these genes are likely to be central to the process of photosynthesis, and they are over‐represented by sixfold among the screened insertional mutants, with insertion events isolated in or adjacent to 68 of 597 GreenCut2 genes. This enrichment thus provides experimental support for functional assignments based on previous bioinformatic analysis. To illustrate one of the uses of the population, a candidate gene approach based on genome position of the flanking sequence of the insertional mutant CAL027_01_20 was used to identify the molecular basis of the classical C. reinhardtii mutation ac17. These mutations were shown to affect the gene PDH2, which encodes a subunit of the plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The mutants and associated flanking sequence data described here are publicly available to the research community, and they represent one of the largest phenotyped collections of algal insertional mutants to date.
Improvement in Bilateral Carpal Valgus Deviation in 9 Foals After Unilateral Distolateral Radial Periosteal Transection and Elevation
Authors: Baker William True , Slone Donnie E. , Ramos Jose A. , Santschi Elizabeth M. , Lord Linda K. , Adams Stephen B. , Lynch Timothy M. , Hughes Faith E. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of periosteal transection and elevation in foals with naturally occurring carpal valgus deviation.Study DesignProspective clinical study.AnimalsFoals (n = 9) with bilateral carpal valgus.MethodsFoals with bilateral carpal valgus had distolateral radial periosteal transection and elevation (PE) including distal ulnar transection on 1 limb. Foals were stall confined until the skin incisions healed, and then allowed free exercise in a small paddock or round pen. Dorsopalmar carpal radiographs were obtained at 14 day intervals to determine the carpal valgus angle (CVA) until it was <5°.ResultsAll limbs had a reduction in CVA and there was no significant difference in total carpal valgus angular correction or the rate at which the correction occurred between the surgical and control limb.ConclusionsUnilateral distolateral radial PE had no effect on carpal angulation in 9 foals with naturally occurring bilateral carpal valgus deviation when performed between 19 and 43 days.
A Rotating Laser-Doppler Anemometry System for Unsteady Relative Flow Measurements in Model Centrifugal Impellers
Authors: Abramian M. , Howard J. H. G. 
Published: February 2015

The behaviour of the relative flow in centrifugal turbomachines is extremely complex due to the existence of various fluid dynamic phenomena and their interaction. At design and off-design operating conditions, the relative flow is subject to stationary unsteadiness which includes the flow separation and wakes associated with passage pressure gradients, secondary flows, and boundary layer stability. It is also subject to periodic unsteadiness from the rotating stall and the cyclic flow phenomena induced by the casing.
This paper describes the mechanical and optical design of a rotating laser-Doppler anemometry system which allows direct measurement of the relative flow by means of an optical de-rotator. By isolating the impeller rotational frequency from the sampling frequency, it allows direct time-average measurements of the stationary behaviour of the relative flow along with the ensemble (phase)-average measurements of its periodic behaviour. Its success is demonstrated with measurements conducted in a low specific speed centrifugal impeller fitted with a single volute. Sample results of the time-averaged blade-to-blade variation of total relative velocities along with their associated turbulence intensities are reported. The (periodic) cyclic variations of the impeller exit flow, induced by the volute at low flow rates, are also presented for the suction and pressure sides.
Viscous Analysis of Three-Dimensional Rotor Flow Using a Multigrid Method
Authors: Arnone A. 
Published: February 2015

A three-dimensional code for rotating blade-row flow analysis has been developed. The space discretization uses a cell-centered scheme with eigenvalues scaling for the artificial dissipation. The computational efficiency of a four-stage Runge-Kutta scheme is enhanced by using variable coefficients, implicit residual smoothing, and a full-multigrid method.
An application is presented for the NASA rotor 67 transonic fan. Due to the blade stagger and twist, a zonal, non-periodic H-type grid is used to minimize the mesh skewness. The calculation is validated by comparing it with experiments in the range from the maximum flow rate to a near-stall condition. A detailed study of the flow structure near peak efficiency and near stall is presented by means of pressure distribution and particle traces inside boundary layers.
Comparative Evaluation of Combined Cycles and Gas Turbine Systems With Water Injection, Steam Injection and Recuperation
Authors: Bolland Olav , Stadaas Jan Fredrik 
Published: February 2015

Combined cycles have gained widespread acceptance as the most efficient utilization of the gas turbine for power generation, particularly for large plants. A variety of alternatives to the combined cycle that recover exhaust gas heat for re-use within the gas turbine engine have been proposed and some have been commercially successful in small to medium plants. Most notable has been the steam injected, high-pressure aero-derivatives in sizes up to about 50 MW. Many permutations and combinations of water injection, steam injection, and recuperation, with or without intercooling, have been shown to offer the potential for efficiency improvements in certain ranges of gas turbine cycle design parameters.
A detailed, general model that represents the gas turbine with turbine cooling has been developed. The model is intended for use in cycle analysis applications. Suitable choice of a few technology description parameters enables the model to accurately represent the performance of actual gas turbine engines of different technology classes. The model is applied to compute the performance of combined cycles as well as that of three alternatives. These include the simple cycle, the steam injected cycle and the dual-recuperated intercooled aftercooled steam injected cycle (DRIASI cycle). The comparisons are based on state-of-the-art gas turbine technology and cycle parameters in four classes: large industrial (123–158 MW), medium industrial (38–60 MW), aeroderivatives (21–41 MW) and small industrial (4–6 MW). The combined cycle’s main design parameters for each size range are in the present work selected for computational purposes to conform with practical constraints.
For the small systems, the proposed development of the gas turbine cycle, the DRIASI cycle, are found to provide efficiencies comparable or superior to combined cycles, and superior to steam injected cycles. For the medium systems, combined cycles provide the highest efficiencies but can be challenged by the DRIASI cycle. For the largest systems, the combined cycle was found to be superior to all of the alternative gas turbine based cycles considered in this study.