bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study of the economic effect of open innovation
Authors: Joseph Yun JinHyo , Cho Bong-Jin 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discover the economic effects of open innovation investigated the following research questions: do economic effects of open innovation – a certain economic phenomenon or economic paradigm that surpasses the level of the management strategies of individual enterprises – exist? If so, what are the economic effects?

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors analyse the change of classical economic characteristics, such as diminishing marginal products, economy of scale, and X-inefficiency, which are selected by literature review to find out the effects of open innovation. The authors select long-tailed phenomena and App Store phenomena, which are a direct result of open innovation. From these, the authors find out the effects of open innovation.

Findings
– Through exploratory-level studies, the economic characteristics of open innovation have been identified: gradual increases of marginal products, the economy of diversity, and X-efficiency improvement.

Research limitations/implications
– These three economic characteristics of open innovation have been verified through secondary analysis methods based on the long-tailed phenomenon and App Store phenomenon. Open innovation triggers new economic effects. Thus, the authors should create new strategies and policies to treat open innovation that are based on additional deep research.

Practical implications
– This paper introduces new ideas about open innovation in economics.

Social implications
– According to the findings, open innovation will give the authors new ways to develop continuously in a knowledge-based economy.

Originality/value
– For the first time, the authors understand the economic value of open innovation and its implications.
Consumer behavior dynamics of Chinese minorities
Authors: U. Ahmed Zafar , Sam Al-Kwifi Osama , Saiti Buerhan , Bin Othman Nor 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– Meat consumption decisions within a religious context can differ significantly from purchase decisions where religion does not play a key role. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of Halal meat consumption within a Chinese Muslim population using the “marketing theory of planned behavior”. The role of self-identity as a Muslim and dietary acculturation in the host culture is investigated.Design/methodology/approach– The study is based on a questionnaire survey. Cross-sectional data were collected through a survey of 368 Muslim participants, mainly from Xinjiang province in China. Data were analyzed by a series of regression analyses to test the model and the moderating effects of self-identity and dietary acculturation on behavioral intention.Findings– The results indicate that motivation to comply with religious requirements, and personal conviction, have a positive attitude toward behavioral intention to consume Halal meat. However, perceived control has a negative relationship with behavioral intention to eat Halal meat among Muslims. Results also show that in general, Halal meat consumption is determined by the pressure of others, personal conviction, and the perceived control.Practical implications– For marketing managers, Muslims with a low Muslim identity can be motivated to buy Halal meat by communicating through slogans that focus on the individual's opportunity to make his or her own choice(s).Originality/value– This paper will prove valuable to food-policy decision makers and food marketers, who might pursue identity and/or acculturation-related strategies in their distribution and communication efforts targeting the growing Halal food market segment in China and globally.
Time-driven activity-based costing to improve transparency and decision making in healthcare
Authors: Campanale Cristina , Cinquini Lino , Tenucci Andrea 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potentialities of innovative accounting tools in supporting “transparency” and “resource allocation” in public hospitals, by describing the implementation of a pilot project of time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC).

Design/methodology/approach
– An interventionist research (IR) approach has been adopted: two medical doctors, three financial controllers and three researchers were involved. Collection of data used to implement the accounting model is based on hospital databases and interviews.

Findings
– The information produced may allow a higher coherence between resources and activities. TDABC may enhance transparency and support decisions toward a better organization of work and an informed allocation of resources.

Research limitations/implications
– Further studies are required to analyze decisions following the implementation of the TDABC model.

Originality/value
– The accounting literature lacks case studies describing the application of TDABC in hospital settings, despite its good informative potentialities and the limited investment required to introduce TDABC. Moreover, the use of the IR approach and the involvement of medical doctors may help to get coherence between accounting data and clinical work and may support the further diffusion and development of this costing model in hospitals.
Divergent functioning of Proteaceae species: the South AmericanEmbothrium coccineumdisplays a combination of adaptive traits to survive in high‐phosphorus soils
Authors: Delgado Mabel , Suriyagoda Lalith , Zúñiga‐Feest Alejandra , Borie Fernando , Lambers Hans 
Published: June 2014

SummaryProteaceae species in south‐western Australia thrive on phosphorus‐impoverished soils, employing a phosphorus‐mining strategy involving carboxylate‐releasing cluster roots. Some develop symptoms of phosphorus toxicity at slightly elevated soil phosphorus concentrations, due to their low capacity to down‐regulate phosphorus uptake. In contrast, Proteaceae species in Chile, e.g.Embothrium coccineumJ.R. Forst. & G. Forst., occur on volcanic soils, which contain high levels of total phosphorus, but phosphorus availability is low.We hypothesised that the functioning of cluster roots ofE. coccineumdiffers from that of south‐western Australian Proteaceae species, in accordance with the difference in soil phosphorus status. With more phosphorus to be gained from the soil with high levels of total phosphorus, we expect less investment in biomass and more release of carboxylates. Furthermore, we hypothesised thatE. coccineumregulates its phosphorus‐uptake capacity, avoiding phosphorus toxicity when grown at elevated phosphorus levels. To test these hypotheses,E. coccineumseedlings were grown at a range of phosphorus supplies in nutrient solution.We show thatE. coccineumallocated at least five times less biomass to cluster roots that released at least nine times more carboxylates per unit cluster root weight compared with south‐western Australian species (e.g.Banksia,Hakea). The highest phosphorus supply caused a growth inhibition and high leaf phosphorus concentration, without symptoms of phosphorus toxicity. We accept our hypotheses on the functioning of cluster roots and the high capacity to reduce the net phosphorus uptake in plants grown at a high‐phosphorus supply.This novel combination of traits indicates divergent functioning of Proteaceae species from southern South America, exposed to frequent phosphorus input due to volcanic activity, in contrast with the functioning of south‐western Australian Proteaceae species that thrive on severely phosphorus‐impoverished soils. These traits could explain the functioning ofE. coccineumon soils that are rich in total phosphorus, but with a low concentration of available phosphorus.
Why Parliament Now Decides on War: Tracing the Growth of the Parliamentary Prerogative through Syria, Libya and Iraq
Authors: Strong James 
Published: June 2014

Research Highlights and Abstract Precedents set in debates over Iraq, Libya and Syria established a new parliamentary prerogative, that MPs must vote before military action can legitimately be launched. Tony Blair conceded the Iraq vote to shore up Labour back-bench support, because he was convinced he would win, and because he was unwilling to change course regardless. David Cameron allowed a vote on Libya because he believed parliament should have a say, because UN support meant he was certain to win, and to gain plaudits for not being Blair. Cameron then had to allow a vote on Syria despite its greater political sensitivity. He mishandled the vote, and lost, and felt constrained to pull out of mooted military action. Collectively these three precedents comprise a new constitutional convention, which will constrain the executive in future whether the law is formally changed or not. Parliament now decides when Britain goes to war. The vote against military intervention in Syria on 29 August 2013 upheld a new parliamentary prerogative that gradually developed through debates over earlier actions in Iraq and Libya. While the academic community and much of the British political elite continue to focus on the free rein granted to prime ministers by the historic royal prerogative, this article argues it is critically constrained by its parliamentary counterpart. It traces the way political conditions, individual policymaker preferences, and the conventional nature of the unwritten British constitution allowed parliament to insert itself into the policymaking process without the consent of successive governments. It concludes that MPs will in future expect the right to vote on proposals to deploy the armed forces overseas, and that the legitimacy of military action will depend on the government winning such a vote.
Five‐year follow up of a randomised controlled trial comparing subtotal with total abdominal hysterectomy
Authors: Andersen LL , Zobbe V , Ottesen B , Gluud C , Tabor A , Gimbel H ,   the Danish Hysterectomy Trial Group
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesTo compare the rates of urinary incontinence (UI) and other complications of subtotal abdominal hysterectomy (SAH) with total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) at 5 years after surgery.DesignRandomised clinical trial with central, computer‐generated randomisation.SettingDanish multi‐centre trial performed in 11 departments of gynaecology.PopulationWomen referred with benign uterine diseases scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy.MethodsWomen were randomised to either SAH (n = 161) or TAH (n = 158). Follow‐up data were collected from participants using postal questionnaires sent out 5 years after surgery. Complications of hysterectomy were further examined by scrutinising registered discharge summaries following hospitalisation. Intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses were conducted. Potential bias caused by missing data was handled using multiple imputation.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was UI. Secondary outcomes included constipation, prolapse of the vaginal vault or cervical stump, satisfaction with sexual life, pelvic pain, postoperative complications and vaginal bleeding.ResultsThe response rate was 234/319 (73.4%). A significantly higher proportion of respondents had urinary incontinence 5 years after SAH 34/113 (30.1%) than TAH 21/119 (17.6%) (RR 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.06–2.75, P = 0.026). This difference reduced after multiple imputation to account for missing data (RR 1.37, 95% confidence interval 0.99–1.89, P = 0.052). Eleven of the 101 women (11%) in the SAH group still experienced vaginal bleeding. No other differences were found between the two types of abdominal hysterectomy.Authors' conclusionsA smaller proportion of women suffered from UI after TAH than after SAH 5 years postoperatively. Around one in ten women continued to experience vaginal bleeding 5 years after SAH.
Functional C1q is present in the skin mucus of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)
Authors: FAN Chunxin , WANG Jian , ZHANG Xuguang , SONG Jiakun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe skin mucus of fish acts as the first line of self‐protection against pathogens in the aquatic environment and comprises a number of innate immune components. However, the presence of the critical classical complement component C1q, which links the innate and adaptive immune systems of mammalians, has not been explored in a primitive actinopterygian fish. In this study, we report that C1q is present in the skin mucus of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). The skin mucus was able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. The bacteriostatic activity of the skin mucus was reduced by heating and by pre‐incubation with EDTA or mouse anti‐human C1q antibody. We also detected C1q protein in skin mucus using the western blot procedure and isolated a cDNA that encodes the Siberian sturgeon C1qC, which had 44.7–51.4% identity with C1qCs in teleosts and tetrapods. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that Siberian sturgeon C1qC lies at the root of the actinopterygian branch and is separate from the tetrapod branch. The C1qC transcript was expressed in many tissues as well as in skin. Our data indicate that C1q is present in the skin mucus of the Siberian sturgeon to protect against water‐borne bacteria, and the C1qC found in the sturgeon may represent the primitive form of teleost and tetrapod C1qCs.
The Effect of Stunning Methods and Season on Muscle Texture Hardness in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: Merkin Grigory V. , Stien Lars Helge , Pittman Karin , Nortvedt Ragnar 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCommercially collected records of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) muscle texture hardness were used to evaluate the effect of slaughter procedures and seasonality on texture quality. A database collected by Marine Harvest® contained flesh hardness records of Atlantic salmon slaughtered at processing plants in Norway from summer 2010 to summer 2011. The fish were slaughtered either by (1) percussion followed by automated bleeding (“Percussive”) or (2) live chilling with exposure to carbon dioxide (CO2) followed by manual severing gill arches and bleeding (“CO2”) or (3) live chilling with exposure to CO2 followed by percussive stunning and at the end automated bleeding (“CO2·percussive”). Hardness in salmon muscle cutlets was measured in Newtons (N) by Materials Testing Machine Zwick 500N. The hardness in salmon varied significantly over the study period (P < 0.05, mixed effect model) and showed the softest value of 21.2 (± 0.7) Newton (N) in summer 2011 and hardest 24.1 (± 0.2) N in autumn 2010. Slaughter procedures had a significant effect on salmon muscle hardness (P < 0.05, mixed effect model), where percussion followed by automated bleeding resulted in the hardest value (24.0 ± 0.4 N) as compared with CO2 stunning (21.8 ± 0.2 N) and combination of CO2 and percussive stunning (23.1 ± 0.15 N). CO2 is suspected as a causal factor in accelerated postmortem softening of the salmon muscle.
Shiga‐Toxin Genes and Genetic Diversity of Escherichia coli Isolated from Pasteurized Cow Milk in Brazil
Authors: Hoffmann Simone Aparecida , Pieretti Gabriella Giani , Fiorini Adriana , Patussi Eliana Valéria , Cardoso Rosilene Fressatti , Mikcha Jane Martha Graton 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study evaluated the genetic similarity and prevalence of the stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA genes in Escherichia coli isolated from pasteurized cow milk. Eighty‐seven E. coli isolates from pasteurized cow milk from 22 dairies located in northwestern Paraná state, Brazil, were analyzed. Genetic similarity was evaluated using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence polymerase chain reaction (ERIC‐PCR) and repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR (REP‐PCR). E. coli isolates were also analyzed by PCR to investigate the presence of the stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA genes. ERIC‐PCR and REP‐PCR clustered 87 bacterial isolates in 76 and 81 genomic profiles, respectively. Both techniques revealed high genetic diversity among the E. coli isolates, confirming the possibility of their use in epidemiological studies. The stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA virulence genes were not detected in E. coli isolates, indicating a low prevalence of Shiga toxin‐producing E. coli in milk produced in the region studied.
Molecular taxonomic identification in the absence of a ‘barcoding gap’: a test with the endemic flora of the Canarian oceanic hotspot
Authors: Jaén‐Molina Ruth , Marrero‐Rodríguez Águedo , Reyes‐Betancort J. Alfredo , Santos‐Guerra Arnoldo , Naranjo‐Suárez José , Caujapé‐Castells Juli 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe use a comprehensive subset of Canarian angiosperms corresponding to 23 families, 35 genera and 60 Canarian endemic taxa to test whether this flora is suitable to taxonomic identification with the two proposed plant DNA barcode sequences and whether these sequences may reveal the existence of cryptic species overlooked by morphology. The rate of discrimination success between the insular congeneric samples using the rbcL+matK combination and a ‘character‐based’ approach (where we use only the combination of nucleotide positions in an alignment that allows unambiguous species identification) is higher (82.29%) than that obtained with the ‘distance‐based’ approach (80.20%) used by the CBOL Plant Working Group in 2009 and also when compared with tests conducted in other floras. This suggests that the molecular identification of the Canarian endemic flora can be achieved as successfully as in other floras where the incidence of radiation is not as relevant. The facts that (i) a distance‐based criterion was unable to discriminate between congeneric and conspecific comparisons and (ii) only the character‐based discrimination criterion resolved cases that the distance‐based criterion did not, further support the use of a character discrimination approach for a more efficient DNA barcoding of floras from oceanic islands like the Canaries. Thus, a barcoding gap seems not to be necessary for the correct molecular characterization of the Canarian flora. DNA barcodes also suggest the possible existence of cryptic taxa to be further investigated by morphology and that the current taxonomic status of some of the taxa analysed may need revision.
The prevalence of schizophrenia in mainland China: evidence from epidemiological surveys
Authors: Long J. , Huang G. , Liang W. , Liang B. , Chen Q. , Xie J. , Jiang J. , Su L. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveSchizophrenia is a severe mental disorder. Its prevalence appears inconsistent in different regions of China; thus, we conducted this meta‐analysis to estimate the prevalence of schizophrenia in mainland China.MethodStudies on the prevalence of schizophrenia in mainland China were identified from electronic databases up to July 2013. Meta‐analysis was used for prevalence of schizophrenia estimate.ResultsFor lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia, prevalence of 5.44 per 1000 (overall), 5.33 per 1000 (males), 5.51 per 1000 (females), 6.60 per 1000 (urban) and 4.73 per 1000 (rural) were estimated; there was no significant difference between males and females, while prevalence for urban dwellers was higher than for rural (OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.30–1.59). For point prevalence of schizophrenia, prevalence of 4.62 per 1000 (overall), 4.63 per 1000 (males), 4.95 per 1000 (females), 5.15 per 1000 (urban) and 4.44 per 1000 (rural) were estimated; no statistical difference was found in males and females, but prevalence for urban dwellers was higher than for rural (OR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.02–1.41).ConclusionThe prevalence estimate results were consistent with the international prevalence estimate of schizophrenia in mainland China. There was no significant difference between males and females, while prevalence for urban dwellers was higher than for rural.
LncRNA‐regulated Infection and Inflammation Pathways Associated with Pregnancy Loss: Genome Wide Differential Expression of lncRNAs in Early Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Wang Hong , Cao Qingying , Ge Jun , Liu Chunmiao , Ma Yanhong , Meng Yuciu , Wang Yuxin , Zhao Xiaoli , Liu Ru , Li Caixia , Wang Yu , Zhong Julia , Ju Weina , Jenkins Edmund C. , Brown W. Ted , Zhong Nanbert 
Published: June 2014

ProblemSpontaneous abortion (SA) occurs before 20 gestational weeks. Approximately, half of recurrent SA has no identifiable cause. No report has yet been investigated the possible involvement of lncRNA in pregnancy loss.Method of StudySixteen pairs of pregnancies with spontaneous abortions (SA) and induced abortions (IA) were studied. Embryonic sacs and decidua were collected for each pregnancy. A Human LncRNA Array was employed to profile genomewide lncRNAs, which were then validated by RT‐PCR.ResultsDifferentially expressed lncRNAs were identified. Biological pathways were categorized into six major groups: infection and inflammation, metabolism, signaling and transcriptional regulation, smooth muscle contraction, cell process, and coagulation.ConclusionsInfection and inflammation pathways regulated by lncRNAs were determined as the predominant pathogenetic factors underlying the SA. Finding that antisense lncRNAs have been either up‐ or down‐regulated suggests that they may have both cis‐ and trans‐regulations.
Serum Amyloid A and Haptoglobin Concentrations are Increased in Plasma of Mares with Ascending Placentitis in the Absence of Changes in Peripheral Leukocyte Counts or Fibrinogen Concentration
Authors: Canisso Igor F. , Ball Barry A. , Cray Carolyn , Williams Neil M. , Scoggin Kirsten E. , Davolli Gabriel M. , Squires Edward L. , Troedsson Mats H. 
Published: June 2014

ProblemCurrently, placentitis, an important cause of late pregnancy loss in mares, is diagnosed by clinical signs and ultrasonography. Acute phase proteins (APP) are mainly produced and secreted by the liver in response to acute inflammatory stimuli. We hypothesized thatAPPare increased in mares with placentitis.Method of studyConcentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), fibrinogen (Fb), and white blood cell counts (WBC) were determined in plasma of mares with experimentally induced placentitis and gestationally age‐matched control mares. Placentitis was induced via intracervical inoculation ofStreptococcus equisubspecieszooepidemicus,a common isolate from clinical cases of bacterial placentitis. Concentrations ofSAAand Hp were also determined in the 10 days pre‐partum in normal mares.Results and conclusionMares with placentitis aborted within 5–25 days after inoculation. Concentrations ofSAAand Hp rapidly increased subsequent to experimental induction of placentitis and remained increased until abortion. Neither Fb norWBCappeared to be useful markers for placentitis. Parturition did not trigger increase in eitherSAAor Hp in normal foaling mares.