bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating gastrin concentrations in patients at increased risk of developing colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Paterson Adrienne C , Macrae Finlay A , Pizzey Cathy , Baldwin Graham S , Shulkes Arthur 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground and AimAn increase in circulating concentrations of gastrin or gastrin precursors such as progastrin and glycine‐extended gastrin has been proposed to promote the development of colorectal carcinomas (CRC). The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not circulating gastrin concentrations were increased in patients with an increased risk of developing CRC.MethodPatients were divided according to their risk into the five following groups: familial adenomatous polyposis (n = 20), hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer (n = 53), cluster of common colorectal cancers (n = 13), personal history and/or family history of adenomatous polyps or CRC (n = 150) and controls (n = 42). Radioimmunoassay with four region‐specific gastrin antisera was used to measure progastrin, glycine‐extended gastrin (gastrin‐gly), amidated gastrin (gastrin‐amide), and total gastrin in peripheral blood taken at the time of colonoscopy.ResultsCompared with the control group, familial adenomatous polyposis patients had significantly higher median values of total gastrin (29.8 pM vs 16.9 pM, P = 0.003) and gastrin‐amide (17.1 pM vs 12.0 pM, P = 0.015). Patients with a personal or family history of adenomatous polyps or CRC also had higher circulating concentrations of total gastrin (21.8 pM) compared with controls (P < 0.05), while patients from all groups who presented with an adenomatous polyp on the day of colonoscopy had higher concentrations of total gastrin, progastrin, and gastrin‐amide than patients without polyps.ConclusionConcentrations of gastrin precursors are increased in particular groups with an increased risk of developing CRC.
Caffeic acid induces keratinocyte differentiation by activation of PPAR-α
Authors: Kim Bora , Kim Jin Eun , Kim Hyun-Soo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Objectives
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-α plays an important role in epidermal differentiation and barrier recovery, and topical treatment with PPAR-α agonists restores epidermal homeostasis in essential fatty acid deficiency and permeability barrier in skin disruptions. Therefore, we performed structure-based pharmacophore screening to search for a novel PPAR-α agonist. Caffeic acid was ultimately selected and evaluated for its effects on keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal permeability barrier.

Methods
The transactivation activity of PPAR-responsive element (PPRE) and cornified envelope (CE) formation were assayed. Also, immunoblot analysis and anti-oxidant activity were investigated on caffeic acid.

Key findings
Caffeic acid increases the transactivation activity of PPRE and CE formation in keratinocytes. In addition, caffeic acid promotes the expression of genes and proteins related to CE formation such as involucrin and transglutaminase-1. Additionally, anti-oxidant activity were improved by caffeic acid.

Conclusions
Caffeic acid can promote keratinocyte differentiation and restore skin barrier homeostasis and is suggested to be an appropriate skin therapeutic agent for improving epidermal permeability barrier function.
α-Iso-cubebenol inhibits inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity and amyloid beta 1–42 fibril-induced microglial activation
Authors: Park Sun Young , Park Tae Gyeong , Lee Sang-Joon , Bae Yoe-Sik , Ko Min J , Choi Young-Whan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Objectives
To examine the antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activity of α-iso-cubebenol and its molecular mechanism of action in amyloid β (Aβ) 1–42 fibril-stimulated microglia.

Methods
Aβ 1–42 fibrils were used to induce a neuroinflammatory response in murine primary microglia and BV-2 murine microglia cell lines. Cell viability was monitored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, protein expression and phosphorylation were determined by Western blot analysis, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity was determined by gelatin zymography assay. In addition, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were measured by ELISA, and the transactivity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB was determined by a reporter assay.

Key findings
α-Iso-cubebenol significantly inhibited Aβ 1–42 fibril-induced MMP-9, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions and activity, without affecting cell viability. α-Iso-cubebenol also suppressed the production of tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner, while decreasing the nuclear translocation and transactivity of NF-κB by inhibiting the phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor of κB (IκB)α. α-Iso-cubebenol suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in Aβ 1–42 fibril-stimulated microglia. Primary cortical neurons were protected by the inhibitory effect of α-iso-cubebenol on Aβ 1–42 fibril-induced neuroinflammatory response.

Conclusions
α-Iso-cubebenol suppresses Aβ 1–42 fibril-induced neuroinflammatory molecules in primary microglia via the suppression of NF-κB/inhibitor of κBα and MAPK. Importantly, the antineuroinflammatory potential of α-iso-cubebenol is critical for neuroprotection.
Evaluation of Hemostatic Abnormalities in Canine Spirocercosis and Its Association with Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Pazzi P. , Goddard A. , Kristensen A.T. , Dvir E. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundCanine spirocercosis is caused by the nematode Spirocerca lupi and is characterized by esophageal fibro‐inflammatory nodules that may undergo neoplastic transformation. No sensitive and specific laboratory assays other than histopathology have been reported to differentiate non‐neoplastic from neoplastic disease.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDogs with spirocercosis will have evidence of hypercoagulability based on thromboelastography (TEG)‐derived maximal amplitude (MA); increased MA will be correlated with increased acute phase protein (APP) concentrations (C‐reactive protein [CRP] and fibrinogen); increased MA and APPs will be exacerbated with neoplastic spirocercosis.AnimalsThirty‐nine client‐owned dogs with naturally occurring spirocercosis and 15 sex‐matched healthy controls.MethodsA prospective comparative study evaluating TEG, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, antithrombin (AT) activity, platelet count and D‐dimer concentration, and APPs of dogs with non‐neoplastic (n = 24) and neoplastic (n = 15) spirocercosis compared to control dogs.ResultsMedian MA was significantly increased in the non‐neoplastic group (P < .01) and neoplastic group (P < .01) compared to the controls. Both APPs were significantly increased in the neoplastic group compared to the non‐neoplastic and control groups. MA was strongly correlated with fibrinogen (r = 0.85, P < .001) and CRP (r = 0.73, P < .001). An MA >76 mm provided 96% specificity and 73% sensitivity for differentiation of disease state.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCanine spirocercosis is associated with increased TEG variables, MA and α, and decreased AT activity, which may indicate a hypercoagulable state seemingly more severe with neoplastic transformation. MA was correlated with APP in dogs with spirocercosis and can be used as an adjunctive test to support the suspicion of neoplastic transformation.
Teaching about How Language Works to Diverse Populations
Authors: Culicover Peter W. , Hume Elizabeth 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this article, we describe a program that we developed at The Ohio State University's Department of Linguistics that is geared towards foreign language learners. The goal is to teach students about language rather than about linguistics. The program has been implemented as a freshman university course (Basics of Language for Language Learners), a summer institute for high school students interested in language (Summer Linguistics Institute for Youth Scholars), and an institute for high school teachers of foreign languages (Linguistics Institute for Language Teachers). The fundamental philosophy of the program is that we focus on describing how language works, not on linguistic theory, even though our theoretical perspectives guide the materials we use, how we talk about them, and what we think students should know. In this article, we outline the reasons for developing the program, its general content, details about the course and institutes, as well as some of the challenges associated with offering them.
Composition in Distributional Semantics
Authors: Baroni Marco 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDistributional Semantic Models, which automatically induce word meaning representations from naturally occurring textual data, are a success story of computational linguistics. Recently, there has been much interest in whether such models, endowed with a compositional component, can also successfully approximate the meaning of phrases and sentences. In this article, mostly addressed to theoretical linguists curious about distributional semantics, I first discuss why developing compositional Distributional Semantic Models is an interesting and important pursuit, and then I survey current ideas about how this can be achieved.
Andrographolide induced acute kidney injury: Analysis of 26 cases reported in Chinese Literature
Authors: Zhang Wu‐Xing , Zhang Zhi‐Min , Zhang Zhi‐Qiang , Wang Yang , Zhou Wei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimSome Chinese herbs have been known for their kidney toxicity. Andrographolide, the primary component of a traditional medicinal herb, Andrographis paniculata, is widely used in China for the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infection, and dysentery etc. The aim of the study was to identify and summarize any case of kidney injury attributed to its use in the Chinese literature.MethodsA systemic analysis of the Chinese literature from January 1978 to August 2013 was conducted of case reports of andrographolide induced acute kidney injury (AKI).ResultsWe identified 26 cases of andrographolide induced AKI (22 males and four females), with an average age of 31.3 years (range: 21 months to 47 years). 100–750 mg (58% 500 mg) of andrographolide was administered in 100–500 mL 5% glucose solution or normal saline by intravenous drip once a day. The adverse event appeared after one to six doses (19 [73.1%] patients got only one dose; cumulative dose 690 ± 670 mg) of andrographolide was given, or 0–96 h (median 1 h) after andrographolide was given. The symptoms included flank pain in 23 cases (88.5%), decreased urine volume in five cases (19.2%), and nausea or vomiting in six cases (23.1%). Laboratory tests showed maximum creatinine 352.8 ± 184.1 (158–889) μmol/L and blood urea nitrogen 12.1 ± 7.6 (4.0–40.6) mmol/L. Urine analysis showed proteinuria in 10 (38.5%) cases and occult blood in eight (30.8%) cases. Kidney biopsy was carried out in two cases and both revealed acute tubular necrosis. Management of this adverse event included withdrawal of the culprit drug, conservative therapy, and renal replacement therapy (six cases, 23.1%). All the patients recovered and were discharged with a normal or close to normal serum creatinine. Their average length of hospital stay was 12.1 ± 4.8 days.ConclusionsAcute kidney injury may occur shortly after intravenous infusion of andrographolide, with symptoms including flank pain, decreased urine output, and nausea or vomiting. The pathological change might be acute tubular necrosis. Renal replacement therapy may be needed in some patients and with a good recovery rate. The mechanisms of andrographolide induced AKI need to be further studied.
Cost‐effectiveness of Acupuncture for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Authors: Taylor Penny , Pezzullo Lynne , Grant Suzanne J , Bensoussan Alan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCost‐effectiveness is a major criterion underpinning decisions in mainstream health care. Acupuncture is increasingly used in patients with chronic lower back pain (LBP), but there is a lack of evidence on cost‐effectiveness. The objective of this study was to assess the cost‐effectiveness of acupuncture in alleviating chronic LBP either alone or in conjunction with standard care compared with patients receiving routine care, and/or sham. To determine effectiveness, we undertook meta‐analyses which found a significant improvement in pain in those receiving acupuncture and standard care compared with those receiving standard care alone. For acupuncture and standard care vs. standard care and sham, a weak positive effect was found for weeks 12 to 16, but this was not significant. For acupuncture alone vs. standard care alone, a significant positive effect was found at week 8, but not at weeks 26 or 52. The main outcome parameters for our cost‐effectiveness analysis were the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of acupuncture treatment presented as cost (A$) per disability‐adjusted life‐year (DALY) saved. The WHO benchmark for a very highly cost‐effective intervention is one that costs less than gross domestic product per capita per quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY) gained or DALY averted, or less than around $A52,000 in 2009 (the base year for the analysis). According to this threshold, acupuncture as a complement to standard care for relief of chronic LBP is highly cost‐effective, costing around $48,562 per DALY avoided. When comorbid depression is alleviated at the same rate as pain, cost is around $18,960 per DALY avoided. Acupuncture as a substitute for standard care was not found to be cost‐effective unless comorbid depression was included. According to the WHO cost‐effectiveness threshold values, acupuncture is a cost‐effective treatment strategy in patients with chronic LBP.
Healthy Aging in Relation to Chronic Pain and Quality of Life in Europe
Authors: Leadley Regina M. , Armstrong Nigel , Reid Kim J. , Allen Alex , Misso Kate V. , Kleijnen Jos 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo undertake a review of the most recent data on the relationship between quality of life (QoL) and chronic pain, as a basis for discussions about healthy aging in Europe.MethodA search was conducted to obtain studies on the relationship between pain severity and QoL and intervention studies reporting both QoL and pain severity in those with chronic pain in Europe. Medline and Embase were searched for observational studies and systematic reviews from 2009 to 2011. Four further databases were searched for systematic reviews and guidance from 2005 to 2011. Update searches for observational studies and systematic reviews for the period November 2011 to January 2013 were performed on Medline and Embase.ResultsWe identified 8 observational studies and 1 systematic review that generally showed a statistically significant relationship between pain severity and QoL. We identified 5 systematic reviews of interventions in chronic pain that summarized both pain and QoL data that generally showed both a statistically significant reduction in pain and statistically significant increase in QoL.ConclusionThere is strong evidence of a correlation between pain severity and QoL. There is some evidence that treatment in chronic pain patients can reduce pain and simultaneously improve QoL. Prevention and treatment of chronic pain may be of significant help in reaching the aim to increase the healthy lifespan.
A diallel crossing approach aimed on selection for ripening time and yield in breeding of new strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars
Authors: Bestfleisch Markus , Möhring Jens , Hanke Magda‐Viola , Peil Andreas , Flachowsky Henryk 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe extension of the ripening season in open field production is of high economic interest for strawberry growers. Therefore, targeted breeding for extreme early or late ripening cultivars with high yield potential is of particular interest. Thirteen strawberry cultivars were crossed in a reciprocal way without selfing, and the 144 resulting F1 populations were evaluated in a field trial over a period of two consecutive years. The data were analysed using a mixed‐model approach adapted for diallel crossing designs using SAS 9.3. The variability in the crossing approach is mainly based on the general combining ability (GCA) of the cultivars (additive effects). Specific and reciprocal combining abilities (non‐additive effects) appear less important. The highest GCAs for the trait Marketable Yield were found for the cultivars ‘Polka’ and ‘Yamaska’. The trait Earliness is bilateral with significantly low GCAs for early ripening in ‘Clery’ and ‘Daroyal’ and significantly high GCAs for late ripening in ‘Yamaska’ and ‘Florence’. Crosses with these cultivars are likely to deliver populations with both high yield and an extended ripening period.
Introducing host‐plant resistance to anthracnose in Kyrgyz common bean through inoculation‐based and marker‐aided selection
Authors: Hegay Sergey , Geleta Mulatu , Bryngelsson Tomas , Asanaliev Abdybek , Garkava‐Gustavsson Larisa , Persson Hovmalm Helena , Ortiz Rodomiro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important legume crops for human consumption. However, its grain yield can be reduced by up to 90% by the seedborne disease, anthracnose. Fungicide treatment is costly and time‐consuming. The introduction of host plant resistance against this disease appears, therefore, to be crucial for enhancing the productivity of this crop in Kyrgyzstan. The use of DNA‐based markers in backcrossing programmes may help speed up the breeding for resistance. In this study, we used a combination of inoculation tests and a DNA marker (SCAreoli marker) to track the transfer of host‐plant resistance (Co‐2 gene) from two donor cultivars, ‘Vaillant’ and ‘Flagrano’, to susceptible Kyrgyz cultivars ‘Ryabaya’, ‘Kytayanka’ and ‘Lopatka’, which are widely grown in the country. The segregating offspring were evaluated to test the reliability of the SCAreoli marker as selection aid for host‐plant resistance to anthracnose. Our study showed that a co‐dominant DNA marker can successfully be used in backcross breeding to distinguish segregating material in different market classes of common bean.
On the Demand for Portfolio Insurance
Authors: Fodor Andy , Doran James S. , Carson James M. , Kirch David P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhile insurers manage underwriting risk with various methods including reinsurance, insurers increasingly manage asset risk with options, futures, and other derivatives. Previous research shows that buyers of portfolio insurance pay considerably for downside protection. We add to this literature by providing the first evidence on the cost of portfolio insurance, the payoff to portfolio insurance, and the relative demand for portfolio insurance across VIX levels. We find that the demand for portfolio insurance is relatively high at low levels of VIX, suggesting purchasers demand more downside protection when this protection is cheap on an absolute basis (but expensive on a relative basis). We also provide the first evidence on the hedging behavior of specific investor classes and show that the demand for portfolio insurance is driven by retail investors (individuals) who buy costly insurance from institutional investors. Results are consistent with other types of paradoxical insurance‐buying behavior.
Narrated Agency and Identity of Settlement Farmers in the Changing Circumstances of Modern Society
Authors: Kietäväinen Asta 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSocial change is often narrated as a sequential process from traditional society to industrial or urban society. In this kind of a narrative, the countryside and agricultural livelihoods are often interpreted as undeveloped and as a contrast to the urban. Furthermore, rural development has often happened unnoticed. This article intends to discuss the sociological knowledge produced by studies that highlight the own experiences and knowledge of rural actors, farmers. The aim is to understand and interpret the narrated identities of farmers, and their agency in the changing circumstances of farming. Farmers act and face societal changes individually, while utilising cultural patterns of action that emerge from their own background. If they perceive the general circumstances and societal structures as constant and unchangeable, then their ability to react to external changes can be limited. In the success stories farmers defined their life through agency. This strengthened their possibilities of expressing different identities and redefining them in a flexible way in a changing environment.
Experimental Investigations of Fracture Process Using DIC in Plain and Reinforced Concrete Beams under Bending
Authors: Skarżyński Ł. , Tejchman J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe fracture behaviour of concrete and reinforced concrete beams under quasi‐static three‐point bending was comprehensively investigated with experiments at laboratory scale. The eight various concrete mixes were tested. The influence of the shape, volume and size of aggregate particles and reinforcement on concrete fracture under bending was studied. Displacements on the surface of concrete beams were measured by means of the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Attention was paid to the formation of a localized zone and its characteristics. In order to avoid the effect of the search patch size and the cut‐off value at displacement and strain profiles, a consistent method was proposed to determine uniformly and accurately the width of a localized zone. Measured surface displacements from DIC were fitted by the error function ERF, whereas surface strains calculated from displacements were fitted by the usual normal distribution (Gauss) function. The width of a localized zone preceding a macro‐crack grew strongly with increasing maximum aggregate size and slightly with diminishing aggregate volume. It did not depend on the aggregate roughness and reinforcement presence.
Bond of Reinforcement in Concrete Applied to Concrete Quality Control: The Bottle Bond Test
Authors: García‐Taengua E. , Martí‐Vargas J.‐R. , Serna‐Ros P. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of an experimental research dealing with bond strength as a parameter for concrete quality control. To this end, a low‐cost testing technique has been developed: the Bottle Bond Test (BBT). Specimens for the BBT are produced by casting concrete into empty plastic bottles (used as moulds) with a reinforcing bar longitudinally centred. The result is a bottle‐shaped concrete specimen with an embedded rebar, which is pulled out to determine bond strength. Different parameters related to this test setup modify bond strength: their effect has been analyzed. An equation to relate the obtained bond strength values to concrete compressive strength is presented. This equation has been validated with real production data from a readymix concrete plant. Its accuracy and therefore the feasibility of BBT for concrete quality control have been verified. Therefore, the BBT can be an alternative to conventional concrete quality based on uniaxial compression tests.