bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Maternal Health Services by Remote Dwelling Aboriginal Women in Northern Australia and Their Disease Burden
Authors: Bar‐Zeev Sarah , Barclay Lesley , Kruske Sue , Bar‐Zeev Naor , Gao Yu , Kildea Sue 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundDisparities exist in pregnancy and birth outcomes between Australian Aboriginal women and their non‐Aboriginal counterparts. Understanding patterns of health service use by Aboriginal women is critical. This study describes the use of maternal health services by remote dwelling Aboriginal women in northern Australia during pregnancy, birth and the postpartum period and their burden of disease.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of maternity care for all 412 maternity cases from two remote Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory of Australia, 2004–2006. Primary endpoints were the number and type of maternal health‐related complications and service episodes at the health centers and regional hospital during pregnancy, birth, and the first 6 months postpartum.ResultsNinety‐three percent of women attended antenatal care. This often commenced late in pregnancy. High levels of complications were identified and 23 percent of all women required antenatal hospitalization. Birth occurred within the regional hospital for 90 percent of women. By 6 months postpartum, 45 percent of women had documented postnatal morbidities and 8 percent required hospital admission. The majority of women accessed remote health services at least once; however, only one third had a record of a postnatal care within 2 months of giving birth.ConclusionMaternal health outcomes were poor despite frequent service use throughout pregnancy, birth, and the first 6 months postpartum suggesting quality of care rather than access issues. These findings reflect outcomes that are more aligned with the developing rather than developed world and have significant implications for future planning of maternity services that must be urgently addressed.
Improved outcome of patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma with a new fotemustine‐based high‐dose chemotherapy regimen
Authors: Musso Maurizio , Messina Giuseppe , Di Renzo Nicola , Di Carlo Paolo , Vitolo Umberto , Scalone Renato , Marcacci Gianpaolo , Scalzulli Potito R. , Moscato Tiziana , Matera Rossella , Crescimanno Alessandra , Santarone Stella , Orciuolo Enrico , Merenda Anxur , Pavone Vincenzo , Pastore Domenico , Donnarumma Daniela , Carella Angelo M. , Ciochetto Chiara , Cascavilla Nicola , Mele Anna , Lanza Francesco , Di Nicola Massimo , Bonizzoni Erminio , Pinto Antonello 
Published: October 2015

SummaryHigh‐dose chemotherapy (HDT) with autologous stem cell transplantation is the standard of care for relapsed/refractory (RR) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Given that HDT may cure a sizeable proportion of patients refractory to first salvage, development of newer conditioning regimens remains a priority. We present the results of a novel HDT regimen in which carmustine was substituted by a third‐generation chloroethylnitrosourea, fotemustine, with improved pharmacokinetics and safety (FEAM; fotemustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) in 122 patients with RR‐HL accrued into a prospective registry‐based study. Application of FEAM resulted in a 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) of 73·8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0·64–0·81] with median PFS, overall survival and time to progression yet to be reached. The 2‐year risk of progression adjusted for the competitive risk of death was 19·4% (95% CI, 0·12–0·27) for the entire patient population. Most previously established independent risk factors, except for fluorodeoxyglucose (18FFDG)‐uptake, were unable to predict for disease progression and survival after FEAM. Although 32% of patients had 18FFDG‐positrin emission tomography‐positive lesions before HDT, the 2‐year risk of progression adjusted for competitive risk of death was 19·4% (95% CI; 0·12–0·27). No unusual acute toxicities or early/late pulmonary adverse events were registered. FEAM emerges as an ideal HDT regimen for RR‐HL patients typically pre‐exposed to lung‐damaging treatments.
On applying cognitive psychology
Authors: Baddeley Alan 
Published: October 2015

Recent attempts to assess the practical impact of scientific research prompted my own reflections on over 40 years worth of combining basic and applied cognitive psychology. Examples are drawn principally from the study of memory disorders, but also include applications to the assessment of attention, reading, and intelligence. The most striking conclusion concerns the many years it typically takes to go from an initial study, to the final practical outcome. Although the complexity and sheer timescale involved make external evaluation problematic, the combination of practical satisfaction and theoretical stimulation make the attempt to combine basic and applied research very rewarding.
The permanence of temporary services: The reliance ofCanadian federal departments on policy and management consultants
Authors: Howlett Michael , Migone Andrea 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe use of external consultants in government management and policy realms has drawn increasing attention in many countries includingCanada. Studies were undertaken internationally in the 1990s and 2000s as legislatures and their accounting arms became concerned with the hidden costs of “corporatization” of the public service and tried to expand benchmarking measures for government efficiency to include external consultants. Accounting for these increases in expenditures on consultancy, however, remains a challenge given the state of governmental financial and personnel reporting. The data on which existing reports have been drawn are very weak. This article examines results using a new dataset compiled from Proactive Disclosure reports in order to help clarify the situation of policy and management consulting inCanada at the departmental level.
La nouvelle gouvernance des langues officielles au Canada : entre exigences et circonstances
Authors: Léger Rémi 
Published: October 2015

SommaireCet article propose un examen exhaustif des rapports complexes entre la Loi sur les langues officielles et ce qu'il convient de nommer la nouvelle gouvernance des langues officielles au Canada. Il montre que la gouvernance qui s'est développée n'est pas issue de la Loi mais d'un concours de circonstances et de choix politiques. Approfondir cette distinction entre la Loi et la gouvernance linguistique permet de voir qu'il y a place à l'innovation politique et administrative dans le dossier des langues officielles au Canada.
Building policy capacity at the Ukrainian centre: The policy units project
Authors: Brown M. Paul , Bezo Larissa , Nanivska Vira 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article chronicles a CIDA technical assistance project to build central policy capacity in the Government of Ukraine in 2000–01. Over ten months, 48 senior officials received intensive policy training and worked in policy units on priority issues. Evidence suggests that the project was effective at the individual and institutional levels: participants expressed high satisfaction with their learning; some outputs were immediately adopted by the government; and during 2005–11, without further Canadian support, the government used the project template to develop more policy analysis units. This success stands in contrast to recent accounts of failed technical assistance programs in eastern Europe. Critical success factors were shared vision, Ukrainian ownership and direction, and professionalism. The authors call for rigorous evaluation of human resource development, and identify topics for further research.
Barriers to third‐party advertising in Canadian elections
Authors: Pross A. Paul 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA survey of public interest group leaders suggests some reasons why few third parties have chosen to advertise in recent elections. It indicates that public interest groups abstain from election advertising not because of the strictures of the Canada Elections Act but for other reasons, notably cost and fear of losing charitable status or of jeopardizing their access to and influence with officials. While the significance of these findings is limited by the scale of the survey, the results do raise tantalizing questions that warrant further research.
Prognosis after recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplantation: predictors for successful treatment and survival
Authors: Nagai Shunji , Mangus Richard S. , Kubal Chandrashekhar A. , Ekser Burcin , Fridell Jonathan A. , Klingler Kendell R. , Maluccio Mary A. , Tector A. Joseph 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThere are no established prognostic factors or standardized therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence in liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this study was to investigate impact of underlying patient condition on treatment and outcomes of recurrence of HCC after LT. The medical records of 268 LT patients with HCC were evaluated. Potential prognostic factors for survival after recurrence were evaluated, including recurrent tumor characteristics, medical/radiological/surgical therapies for recurrence, and an inflammatory marker (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio). Laboratory tests at recurrence, including albumin, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), prognostic nutritional index (PNI: ALC(/μL) × 0.005 + Albumin(g/dL) × 10), were evaluated as surrogate markers for underlying patient conditions. A total of 51 (19%) patients developed HCC recurrence. The use of sirolimus and sorafenib significantly improved outcome (p = 0.007 and 0.04), and better nutritional status (PNI ≥ 40) enhanced their efficacy. On multivariate analysis, low ALC (<500/μL) and albumin (<2.8 g/L) remained independent prognostic factors (p = 0.03 and 0.02; hazard ratio = 3.61 [Ref. >1000/μL] and 4.97 [Ref. >3.5 g/dL], respectively). Low PNI (<40) showed significantly lower survival rate after adjusting the risk (p = 0.006, hazard ratio = 3.29). Underlying patient conditions and nutritional status, represented by ALC and albumin, are important to successful cancer treatment and strong prognostic markers for survival after HCC recurrence.
GORD symptoms in lung transplantation: how efficient is the reflux symptom index questionnaire compared to the esophageal impedance test?
Authors: Soresi Simona , Zeriouh Mohamed , Sabashnikov Anton , Mc Dermott Grainne , Weymann Alexander , Wippermann Jens , Wahlers Thorsten , Reed Anna , Carby Martin , Simon Andre R. , Popov Aron‐Frederik 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveAs Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) affects long‐term survival in lung transplant recipients, the aim of this observational prospective study was to analyze the efficacy of The Reflux Symptom Index Questionnaire (RSI) compared to the esophageal impedance test.MethodsBoth esophageal impedance studies and RSI questionnaire were routinely performed in all patients who had completed rehabilitation following lung transplantation from June 2013 till March 2014. RSI generates a score of between zero and forty‐five, taking into account any symptoms within four wk of the questionnaire. Our analysis considered RSI score cut‐offs of 10 and 13 indicating significance of reflux.ResultsOut of 84 patients, 50 (59.5%) had evidence of GORD detected by impedance studies, whereas only 33 (39.2%) and 22 (26.2%) had RSI >10 and 13, respectively. An elevated RSI was not found to be associated with positive impedance studies using a score of either 10 or 13 (p = 0.127 and p = 0.142, respectively); 32.1% (n = 27) and 40.5% (n = 34) were found to have negative RSI and positive impedance test using 10 or 13 as cut‐off, respectively.ConclusionRSI Score is an unreliable predictor of GORD among lung transplant recipients. The authors therefore recommend the routine use of impedance testing in post‐transplant patients.
TROPAEOLUM UMBELLATUM: IS IT EXTINCT IN THE WILD?
Authors: Rix Martyn 
Published: October 2015

The brief history of Tropaeolum umbellatum Hooker in cultivation is described, and the original illustration (Fig. 1) is republished. Only three collections of this very distinct species appear to have been made in the wild, all in Ecuador around 1846, and no further records are noted either in the literature, or on the internet.Tropaeolum tuberosum. From a hand‐coloured lithograph by W. H. Fitch in Curtis's Botanical Magazine 74, t. 4337(1848).image
Ramadan Blues: Debates in Popular Islam during Ramadan in Amman, Jordan
Authors: Tobin Sarah A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWithin the context of the contemporary Middle East and the post‐Islamic Resurgence, avoiding music has become associated with a rise in religiosity and normative Islam. As a result, residents of Amman, Jordan actively avoid consuming music during Ramadan. A large‐scale survey and ethnographic data, including participant observation with employees in an Islamic bank, confirm that avoiding music is a public ethic of Ramadan that is temporally specific and in wide use during the month. In this article, I argue that the tensions surrounding the debates of music's compatibility with normative Islam are enacted in terms of a conflict between cultural and Islamic authenticities. These tensions are resolved temporarily during Ramadan through altered consumption in which one ethical, “Islamic” framework that regards music as haram, or “forbidden,” eclipses another, more diverse “cultural” framework, and does so largely without inducing crisis or controversy. This is because the two realms are not articulating with each other; rather, claims of a normative Islamic authenticity overwhelm the possibilities for a more diverse cultural authenticity. Outside of Ramadan, however, these two competing authenticities often spark tensions and conflicts between family members, neighbors, and coworkers. This article concludes by exploring the implications of ordering morality for religious life in this assertive, even illiberal fashion for diversity in belief and practice.
The UK Design Council: Putting a Value on Design
Authors: McNabola Ailbhe 
Published: October 2015

As the UK Design Council celebrates its seventieth anniversary in 2014, it has amassed a great deal of evidence pointing to a cost benefit in investing in design. Ailbhe McNabola, the Design Council's lead on research and evaluation, discusses how design metrics have changed with the times.Using strategic design and investing in design pays off. The British Design Council is proving it.
(Im)Proving It: Designing a Measurement System that Nourishes Innovation
Authors: Jenkins Julian , Golsby‐Smith Tony 
Published: October 2015

Use of the business‐case method to assess the viability of a new business model or an untried product category emphasizes avoiding financial risks—but forgets to consider the risk of not innovating. These authors offer instead some key principles and a methodology for measuring the performance of an innovative project.The business‐case method of proving the efficacy of design thinking is a losing proposition.
The Business of Social Design: Rethinking Model and Method
Authors: Powell Doug 
Published: October 2015

Effecting design‐driven social change tends to require changes to the traditional consultancy business model. Funding, clients, and complexity may be significantly different, and the emergence of human‐centered design puts the designer earlier in the process. Integrating social design so that it contributes to bottom‐line success, rather than jeopardizing it, is the key to success.Designers and consultancies who want to practice social design often find that it requires significant changes to their business model. Here are some ideas.
Separating the Wheat from the Chaff: Icelandic and Irish Policy Responses to the Banking Crisis
Authors: Howden David 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhen the stories of the Icelandic and Irish crises are told, they are framed as if one country did everything right to exit recession and the other country everything wrong. This article assesses their recovery policies and finds that the truth lies somewhere in between. By allowing its banking system to suffer substantial losses, Iceland shielded its citizens from the costly debt overhang apparent in Ireland. Ireland's commitment to open capital markets and price deflation has allowed trade flows to remain robust, and relative prices to realign to signal sustainable production plans to entrepreneurs. These responses provide a roadmap for other small open economies with large financial sectors entering similar crises in the future.
Educational performance gaps in Eastern Europe
Authors: Botezat Alina , Seiberlich Ruben R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo assess the educational performance gaps in Eastern Europe, this article takes a look at the differences in PISA test scores between Finland and seven Eastern European countries, as well as between Eastern European countries. The methodology applied is a semiparametric version of the threefold Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition. We find that main part of the average test score gap cannot be explained by the individual characteristics. Furthermore, our analysis at different quantiles provides evidence that the average test score gaps are due to the fact that poorly performing students in Finland score much higher than poorly performing students in Eastern Europe.
Testing the plant stress hypothesis: stressed plants offer better food to an insect herbivore
Authors: Bauerfeind Stephanie S. , Fischer Klaus 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTemperature and nutrition are among the most important environmental factors affecting ectotherm growth. As temperature and host‐plant quality often co‐vary in nature, the interaction between the two is of potentially high ecological importance for herbivorous insects. We here use the temperate‐zone butterfly Pieris napi L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) to investigate interactive effects of larval rearing temperature and host‐plant quality (by manipulating water availability) on larval growth. As growth rates have been hypothesized to govern stress tolerance, we additionally assessed adult starvation resistance. Butterflies followed the ‘temperature‐size rule’, which states that body size increases at lower developmental temperatures, proximately caused by differences in growth increment, which resulted from increased consumption at the lower temperature. Larvae benefitted from feeding on stressed plants from the low‐water regime by having higher body mass, growth rate, and food conversion efficiency, thus supporting the plant stress hypothesis, which predicts that plant quality for herbivores should increase if stress is imposed on plants. Some effects of host‐plant quality on larval growth parameters were as strong as or even stronger than effects of temperature, whereas interactive effects between temperature and food quality were scarce. At the low temperature, adult starvation resistance was higher than at the higher temperature and females were more resistant than males, whereas plant water regime had no clear impact. No evidence was found for a trade‐off between growth rate and starvation resistance. This study illustrates the importance of considering effects of host‐plant quality along with variation in other environmental factors for estimating the impact of environmental changes on herbivorous species.
Monitoring Epacris muelleri on unreachable cliffs in the Western Blue Mountains, Australia
Authors: Blick Raymond A. J. , Fletcher Andrew , Erskine Peter D. , McCaffrey Nic B. , Glenn Vanessa 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAccurate, repeatable estimates of population densities are often desired for vegetation monitoring. However, conventional transect and quadrat field sampling methods are not always applicable to plants such as the rare shrub Epacris muelleri Sond., growing on largely inaccessible cliffs and rock faces. E. muelleri is an ericaceous shrub restricted to the Blue Mountains region in New South Wales, which is to be monitored to detect potential effects of underground coal mining. In this manuscript, we evaluated observer error associated with density estimates to assess suitability of applying the timed‐meander method to this species. The results indicate that a visual search method using binoculars can generate repeatable results among observers with very different experience levels. However, there is a large margin of error in estimating density when there are many plants growing in close association or overlapping on a cliff. Nonetheless, with a strict set of protocols and further evaluation, this method shows promise as a rapid yet robust method for carrying out repeatable surveys for quantifying changes in the population.
Potential of ants and beetles as indicators of rainforest restoration: characterising pasture and rainforest remnants as reference habitats
Authors: Leach Elliot , Nakamura Akihiro , Turco Federica , Burwell Chris J. , Catterall Carla P. , Kitching Roger L. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAssessment of habitat restoration requires baseline information on the communities present in both converted and intact forms of the focal ecosystem to enable comparisons with restored sites. Ants and beetles are commonly used in ecological monitoring programmes, as they display assemblage‐level responses to habitat change and can be a more direct measure of the recommencement of some ecosystem functions than the presence of more obvious biota such as plants. However, as these taxa differ substantially in ecological traits, their response patterns and utility as potential bioindicators may vary. Using pitfall traps, we compared assemblages of ant and beetle species between two reference habitats, pasture and remnant rainforest in subtropical eastern Australia. The assemblage composition of both groups differed significantly between rainforest and pasture but only beetles showed accompanying differences in species richness and abundance, which were both significantly lower in pasture. We identified ant and beetle species characteristic of either pasture or rainforest remnants, which may be used as bioindicators in future monitoring programmes. These species, however, displayed patchy distributions, suggesting that the use of individual species as bioindicators is likely to be unreliable. These findings support the use of ‘composite habitat indices’, which combine information from sets of indicator species. Given that patterns of change in species composition were similar between ants and beetles, either is an appropriate focal taxon for future monitoring programmes. Beetles, however, displayed some limitations as no species were indicative of the disturbed pasture habitat. Ants and beetles are likely to respond in different ways to different aspects of habitat change; thus, using both together could strengthen assessments of rainforest degradation or recovery.
Civil Protection Cooperation in EU Law: Is There Room for Solidarity to Wriggle Past?
Authors: Konstadinides Theodore 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article provides insight into the under‐researched area of civil protection cooperation and disaster response capacity in EU law. It discusses how the mechanisms set up by the EU have assisted Member States in supporting one another when faced with natural or man‐made disasters, including those perpetrated by terrorists. In particular, the article provides a critique of the Article 222 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) clause, which has introduced the principle of solidarity within the EU's security strategy. The author explores the broadened notion of ‘threat’ in Europe and assesses the significance of the Solidarity Clause vis‐à‐vis the level of commitment required by Member States for its coherent implementation. The article then contrasts Article 222 TFEU with the mutual defence clause of Article 42 (7) Treaty on European Union (TEU), and finally points into certain ‘grey areas’ that may have a diminution effect upon the political message concerning the EU as a community based on solidarity.