bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cover Chirp Jamming: Hybrid Jamming--Deception Attack on FMCW Radar and Its Countermeasure - Extended version
Authors: Nashimoto Shoei , Nagatsuka Tomoyuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The reliability of measurements is crucial for ensuring the safety of control systems that depend on such measurements. Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar is an active sensor used to measure distance and speed. Security evaluations of commercial FMCW radars have primarily focused on deception attacks, assuming that jamming attacks are easier to address. In this study, we propose a novel and efficient jamming attack called \textit{cover chirp jamming}. This attack utilizes deception techniques and concentrates energy near the target, resulting in higher efficiency compared to conventional jamming methods. Furthermore, it can bypass existing countermeasures against noise, interference, and jamming. We demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the attack through field and simulation experiments using a modern 77-GHz multi-input multi-output FMCW radar. Moreover, we propose a software-based countermeasure that detects and mitigates the attack. Our quantitative evaluation shows that the power of cover chirp jamming is 17.4 dB higher than conventional jamming. In addition, the countermeasure effectively mitigates the attack if the jamming-to-signal ratio (JSR) is below 0.6 dB, whereas the cover chirp jamming cannot be mitigated when the JSR exceeds 0.6 dB. This paper is an extended version of a paper presented at the Seventh Workshop on Attacks and Solutions in Hardware Security (ASHES 2023).
Intratumoral heterogeneity and metabolic cross-feeding in a three-dimensional model of breast cancer: an in silico perspective.
Authors: Resendis-Antonio Osbaldo , Arellano-Villavicencio Jorge , Vázquez-Jiménez Aarón , Oropeza-Valdéz Juan , Padrón-Manrique Cristian , Prado-García Heriberto , Tovar Armando 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Today, intra-tumoral composition is a relevant factor associated with the progression and aggresivity of cancer. Despite it suggests a metabolic interdependence among the subpopulations inside the tumor, a detailed map of how this interdependence contributes to malignant phenotype is still lacking. To address this question, we developed a systems biology approach integrating single-cell RNASeq and genome-scale metabolic reconstruction for mapping the metabolic cross-feeding among the subpopulations previously identified in spheroids of MCF7 breast cancer. By calibrating our model with expression profiles and the experimental growth rate, we concluded that the Reverse Warburg effect emerges as a mechanism to optimize the community growth. Furthermore, through an in silico analysis, we identified lactate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and some amino acids as key metabolites whose disponibility alters the growth rate of the spheroid. Altogether, this work contributes with a strategy for assessing how space and intra-tumoral heterogeneity influence the metabolic robustness of cancer, issues that claim computational strategies to move toward the design of optimized treatments.
Rapid detecting and removing of carcinogenic hydrocarbons for polluted water treatment based electrochemical assay and chemical Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesis
Authors: Faiadh Hisham 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Herein, the single strand ssDNA nanoreceptor was mixed with Fe3O4 nanoreceptor were fabricated chemically based a molecular recognition probe binding electroactive redox probe methylene blue (MB) to the surface of screen printed gold electrode was created and modified for rapid, highly sensitive, and specific detection of hydrocarbons. For the electrochemical ssDNA based nanoreceptor assay of hydrocarbon detection and treatment, less than an 1hour was needed in time. The total concentrations of aliphatic compounds ranged for the three stages before treatment (301.69-3512.41), (161.68-2281.62), and (112.79-1539.44), respectively, while after treatment, the concentrations for three stages became (0-1554.45), (0-1005.92), and (0-631.76), respectively, the treatment efficiency was in the three stages (56.1%-91.3%), (48.2%-73.9%) and (44.6%-76.5%) respectively. Moreover, the total concentrations of aromatic compounds before nanotreatment ranged for the three stages before treatment (56.26-881.94), (38.85-587.36) and (15.02- 218.12) respectively, while After treatment, the concentrations in three stages became (0-459.5), (0-95.9425) and (0-80.195) respectively, the treatment efficiency was for the three stages (26.5%winter-66.67%autumn), (28.7%winter-66.7%autumn), and (9.08%winter-33.3%summer), respectively.
Feasibility Study of an On-Grid Solar System for An Academic Building: A Case Study of Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur
Authors: Khan Md Rochi , Haque A K M Mahmudul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Most of the generated energy in Bangladesh comes from natural gas and other fossil fuel resources and consumption of these fuels hurts the environment. This study in-depth discusses the design feasibility, financial aspects and environmental impacts of installing an on-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) system to increase energy efficiency and promote sustainability on a single floor of Academic Building-2 at Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur. This research uses a mixed method approach and utilizes HOMER Pro, a software that is able to simulate the technical and economic feasibility of microgrids or distributed energy systems. The study gathers significant information about the historical electricity usage patterns of the target floor and the local solar radiation levels. The system consists of a 21.4 kW PV array and a 12.5 kW converter which is connected to the national grid. The study reveals that the proposed on-grid solar system has an NPC of $17,044 and a COE of $0.0327. This has the chance to cut the floor’s dependence on the national grid by about 70% and recover the initial costs within 7.49 years. The analysis also shows that the proposed solar pv system decreases the carbon emission level to 7,900 kg/year. Overall, the results show that the proposed on grid solar system is technically feasible and economically viable.
Hydrogel Balls Developed for Use in The Detection of Heavy Metals in Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Çapan M. Ertuğrul , Çapan Ebru Cingöz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Hydrogels are frequently utilized in industries such as healthcare and food due to their biodegradable nature and cost-effectiveness. Their high selectivity in liquid retention makes them ideal for applications in the removal and detection of heavy metals in liquids. In our study, we adapted hydrogel beads specifically for the detection of Ni(II) and Cr(VI) metals in industrial wastewater. Upon immersion in liquid, the hydrogels exhibit a color change within 2 minutes, reaching equilibrium at 10 minutes. The color change is observed as transparent to pink for nickel and transparent to magenta for chromium. The detection limits are 2.5 mg/mL for nickel and 1 mg/mL for chromium. These hydrogel beads can be used in wastewater without the need for pre-treatment or pH adjustment.
This study plays a crucial role in occupational health and safety, particularly in industrial wastewater management. The accumulation of toxic and carcinogenic heavy metals such as Ni(II) and Cr(VI) in workplaces and the surrounding environment poses serious health risks. Effective removal of these metals from water is critical for protecting water resources and reducing occupational health risks.
The use of hydrogel beads offers a rapid, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution for the detection of these metals. In industrial facilities, the immediate detection and removal of toxic substances to which workers may be exposed enhances occupational health and safety measures. Additionally, this technology aids industrial operations in meeting their environmental responsibilities, making it a valuable tool in the field of occupational health and safety.
Assessment of the Kalaji watershed health based on hydrological and geomorphological criteria: relative and absolute approaches
Authors: Mosaffaie Jamal , Salehpour Jam Amin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to assess the health of the Kalaji watershed based on relative and absolute approaches and highlight their differences. First, the sub-watersheds' status was evaluated regarding geomorphological, hydrological, water quality, and landscape criteria using five indicators: specific erosion, specific flood, landslide density, specific sediment, and the percentage of natural land uses. The overall health index was calculated by combining the weights (by AHP) and values of the indicators. The findings indicate a significant difference in the results of the two approaches. The minimum, maximum, and average of the health index of sub-watersheds are 0.302, 0.758, and 0.601 respectively in the relative approach, while they are equal to 0.194, 0.753, and 0.308 respectively in the absolute approach. The results also showed that the relative approach has a higher health index and more healthy class than the absolute approach. The findings emphasize that the appropriate approach should be chosen according to the desired goals before assessing the watershed's health. Overall, this study provides a better understanding of the two approaches to watershed health assessment, especially the absolute ones.
Modeling an evaluation framework for adding IoT water-level sensors based on ANN-derived 2D inundation simulations
Authors: Wu Shiang-Jen 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

This study aims to develop a smart model for evaluating the spatial density of added IoT sensors (called AIOT grids) to optimize their amount and placements, named SM_ESD_AIOT model; the proposed SM_ESD_AIOT model mainly collaborates cluster analysis with Akaike information criterion (AIC) based on the resulting 2D inundation simulations from the ANN-derived model in comparison with those from the physically based hydrodynamic (SOBEK) model under various sets of AIOT-based sensor networks. Miaoli City in northern Taiwan is selected as the study with the three practical IoT sensors; also, the 1,939 electrical poles are treated as the potential AIOT grids grouped under 5, 10, 15, and 20 clusters. Using a simulated rainfall-induced flood event of 51 h, the five AIOT-based sets, consisting of five added and three practical IoT sensors, could be selected as the optimal one with the minimum AIC (around 1.45). Also, on average, the 2D inundation simulation indices from the optimal five AIOT-based sensor networks are 0.7 better than the results from the three IoT sensors (about 0.495). As a result, the proposed SM_ESD_AIOT is shown to efficiently optimize the amount and placements of the AIOT sensors to enhance the reliability and accuracy of 2D inundation simulation.
Circulating Exosomal Transfer RNA-Related Fragments as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Meng Li , Ma Zhaolong , Ji Yingying , Li Guangyao , Wang Shiwen , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Exosomal transfer RNA-derived fragments [exo-tRF] possess the
capacity to be employed as biomarkers for several types of cancer. We aim to ascertain
the diagnostic significance of exosomal 5’tRF-TyrGTA and 5’tRF-ValTAC in non-small
cell lung cancer [NSCLC].

Methods:
Ultracentrifugation was deployed to obtain serum exosomes from NSCLC patients
and healthy donors. The acquired exosomes were then confirmed by transmission
electron microscopy [TEM], qNano, and western blot [WB] techniques. The level of exo-
tRF expression was validated by the use of microarrays and RT-qPCR. The diagnostic
performance of exo-tRFs for NSCLC was determined through the receiver operating
characteristic curve [ROC].

Results:
Exosomal 5’tRF-TyrGTA and 5’tRF-ValTAC were significantly downregulated
in both early- and late-stage NSCLC patients compared to healthy donors, representing
favorable diagnostic efficiency for NSCLC. In addition, the exosomal 5’tRF-TyrGTA
level was correlated with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis.

Conclusion:
Exosomal 5’tRF-TyrGTA and 5’tRF-ValTAC can serve as potential biomarkers
for NSCLC.
Computational Design of a Novel Inhibitor against COVID
Authors: Chandrasekaran Balakumar , Boomi Pandi , Bayan Mohammad F. , Muthumanickam Sankar , Alyami Mohammad H. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
In recent years, in silico computational approaches have tremendously guided
computational medicinal chemists and research scientists to analyze protein structures, kinetics,
functions, and molecular interactions of the administered drugs.

Objective:
This study aimed to identify a novel inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 using human CD26
and modeled spike protein through suitable in silico approaches.

Methods:
In this work, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation experiments were
conducted to gain insights into the binding affinity and stability, respectively. The docked complex
of CD26 with modeled spike protein showed higher binding affinity than the complex of CD26 with
resolved spike protein due to the existence of strong interactions with the crucial amino acid residues
of the target proteins.

Results:
The results of the molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that CD26 with the modeled
spike protein docked complex showed good stability when compared with the resolved protein.

Conclusion:
From this computational finding, it was also suggested that the structure was stable and
would rapidly guide the discovery of potential inhibitors against COVID-19.
Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib for Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ali Ahmed Hamdy G. , Elganady Asmaa , Diaa Hindawi Mahmoud , Mousa Ahella Ismail A. , Eldeeb Hatem Abdelmoneim , Fatiem Ahmed Ramadan , Skopina Yulia 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Upadacitinib, a selective JAK1 inhibitor, has demonstrated promising results
in the treatment of axial Spondyloarthritis (AxSpA). AxSpA management remains challenging
since there is a gap in knowledge regarding the potential effect of upadacitinib in axSpA patients.
Exploring novel therapeutic options is crucial. Therefore, we performed this systematic review
and meta-analysis to summarize and synthesize results collected from available randomized--
controlled trials (RCTs) about the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib for patients with axSpA.

Methods:
A systematic literature search of Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO,
and Cochrane Central was conducted in October 2023. Relevant RCTs were selected, and
their data were extracted and analyzed using the RevMan 5.4 software. The main outcomes were
assessment in Spondylarthritis International Society (ASAS) 20, ASAS40, SPARCC MRI sacroiliac
joint, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) 50.

Results:
Three RCTs with a total of 920 participants were included in this study. Upadacitinib
showed significant improvement in the ASAS40 response, ASAS20 response, BASDAI50 response,
and SPARCC MRI Sacroiliac Joint change from baseline compared to placebo at 14-week
duration (RR 2.19, 95% CI (1.79 to 2.68), P < 0.00001), (RR 1.62, 95% CI [1.42 to 1.84), P <
0.00001), (RR 2.16, 95% CI (1.75 to 2.67), P < 0.00001), and (MD -3.32 points, 95% CI (-3.96 to
-2.68), P < 0.00001) respectively. However, this efficacy decreased after the 52-week duration in
terms of ASAS40 RR 2.19 vs. 1.02, ASAS20 RR 1.62 vs. 0.98, BASDAI 50 RR 2.16 vs. 1.05, and
ASAS Partial Remission RR 3.82 vs. 1.07.

Conclusion:
Upadacitinib 15 mg showed satisfactory and promising efficacy in the treatment of
AxSpA, with no difference in safety profile compared to the placebo.
Exploring the Challenges of Recruiting Older People for a Randomised Trial Assessing the Feasibility of Treating White Coat Hypertension in the UK General Practices: A Mixed-methods Study
Authors: Mensah Ekow , Ali Khalid , Okorie Michael , Bremner Stephen , McAlister Colin , Perry Nicky , Rajkumar Chakravarthi 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
There is a recognised association between white coat hypertension
(WCH) and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in older adults. However, there is no consensus on
the management of WCH in this group. The objective of the Hypertension in the Very Elderly
Trial (HYVET-2) study was to assess the feasibility of randomising 100 patients > 75years with
WCH from General Practice in the UK to treatment or usual care. The study did not randomise
any patients. In this follow-up study, we sought to explore the reasons for not recruiting.

Methods:
Furthermore, using a mixed-methods study design, staff from 29 General Practice (GP)
sites and the Clinical Research Network (CRN) in Kent, Surrey, and Sussex (KSS), UK, were sent
an online questionnaire about local research facilities and infrastructure, and HYVET-2 study
methodology and target population demographics.

Results:
Nineteen (19) individuals responded to the online questionnaires (15 primary care staff, 4
CRN staff). Moreover, using a framework approach, we identified six themes summarising challenges
to HYVET-2 recruitment. These themes are established approaches of primary care towards
managing WCH in older people, target patient demographics, study design complexity, patient-
facing study documents, limited research resources in primary care, and identification of eligible
patients using existing coding.

Conclusion:
Our experience showed that recruiting older people from primary care to a WCH
study was not feasible. A national scoping survey amongst primary care physicians in the UK, as
well as robust patient and public involvement (PPI) targeting older people with WCH, might improve
recruitment in future studies addressing the management of WCH in older people.
In-silico Screening of Natural Compound Library against COVID-19 Main Protease
Authors: Nag Mrinmoy , Paul Rakesh Kumar , Dasgupta Deboprotim , Yakin Josef , Biswas Souvik , Chattopadhyay Souvik , Bora Rinchi , Alam Faruk 
Published: August 2024

Aims:
To perform in-silico screening of the natural phytoconstituents against COVID-19 main protease

Background:
COVID-19 is an atypical virus that is universal around the globe. WHO (World Health Organization) has also affirmed the emergency public health concerns regarding COVID-19. As COVID-19 spreads globally within a shorter duration, there is a great demand for effective therapy with minimal side effects.

Objective:
To perform SP and XP docking of the naturally obtained ligand Quercetin (flavonoid)
based on HTVS.

:
To identify the effectiveness of natural phytoconstituents for COVID-19 main protease virus.

Methods:
In the present study, natural ligands were used for performing the virtual screening, which was obtained from Prestwick Phytochemical Library by applying hierarchal screening. Several docking protocols, such as SP and XP, are used to screen the best natural hit compounds. The three best-hit compounds and hydroxychloroquine were further studied for SAR analysis. Moreover, the ADME study by QikProp and the identification of biological sources were carried out by Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases.

Results:
The results suggest that Quercetin showed good binding affinity towards 6LU7 (-56.689 kcal/mol), which could be an effective natural phytoconstituent for COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Based on HTVS, SP, and XP docking, the naturally obtained ligand Quercetin (a flavonoid) can be used in place of Hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19's main protease virus. This scientific exploration will help to identify the effective natural compound for the COVID-19 main protease virus.
Isolation and Identification of Iron, Chromium, and Manganese Tolerant Filamentous Fungi from Mining Soil
Authors: de A. Nóbrega Patrícia , Ferreira Beatriz L. , Sá Lucas S. , Braga Francinaldo S. , Bezerra Roberto M. , Ferreira Irlon M. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
In this study, filamentous fungi from iron mining soils in the Amazon
were isolated and identified as Talaromyces verruculosus, Trichoderma pseudoasperelloides, Penicillium
rolfsii, Aspergillus cf. pseudoviridinutans, Aspergillus niger, Purpureocillium lilacinum,
and Penicillium cf. guaibinense.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the isolated strains for radial growth rate
(VCR) on solid media and liquid in the presence of metals.

Methods:
All these strains showed adaptive behavior in the presence of metals (Fe2+, Mn2+, and
Cr3+), but not significantly compared to controls.

Results:
The T. verruculosus strain was selected to evaluate its growth capacity in solid and liquid
media, enriched with 1, 10, and 20 mg/L of iron, chromium, and manganese, respectively.

Conclusion:
T. verruculosus strain showed tolerance to the concentrations of the metals studied.
Therefore, we can suggest that this characteristic of metal tolerance (Fe2+, Mn2+, and Cr3+) exhibited
by fungi isolated from Amazonian environments may indicate the potential for bioremediating
areas polluted by heavy metals.
Nilai Nilai Karakter Pada Tradisi Kenduri Sko Masyarakat Adat Desa Tarutung Kerinci Jambi
Authors: Hajri Priazki 
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai-nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam tradisi Kenduri Sko masyarakat adat Desa Tarutung Kerinci. Kenduri Sko merupakan kegiatan Pembersihan benda-benda pusaka dengan ritual-ritual tertentu, dan pada puncaknya adalah kegiatan upacara penobatan ninik mamak atau anggota adat yang baru. Hal ini telah dilaksanakan dan ditransmisikan secara turun temurun bahkan sampai saat ini. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah Kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi, dimana sebuah kebudayaan dianalisis berdasarkan aspek-aspek yang berkaitan dengan budaya tersebut secara spesifik, teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam kepada informan yang dianggap paling mengetahui terkait tradisi kenduri sko, diantaranya yaitu tokoh adat, ninik mamak, dan masyarakat sekitar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada empat nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam tradisi Kenduri Sko diantaranya pertama yaitu nilai tanggung jawab, dimana pada nilai ini tanggung jawab terhadap pelaksanaan tradisi diembankan kepada para pemangku adat, kedua tanggung jawab terhadap pemeliharaan tradisi, nilai ini diembankan kepada generasi muda. Kedua nilai yang berhasil dieksplorasi adalah nilai toleransi, dimana dalam pelaksanaan tradisi ini memiliki latar belakang ekonomi, status social dan kedudukan ditengah-tengah masyarakat, namun tetap melaksanakan tradisi atas dasar persatuan, ketiga yaitu nilai karakter kecintaan terhadap tradisi dan leluhur, dan keempat adalah nilai peduli sosial, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan masyarakat bahu membahu bergotong royong dalam pelaksaan tradisi agar berjalan dengan lancar.