bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nearwork‐induced transient myopia (NITM) in anisometropia
Authors: Lin Zhong , Vasudevan Balamurali , Liang Yuan Bo , Zhang Yi Cao , Zhao Shi Qiang , Yang Xiao Dong , Wang Ning Li , Gilmartin Bernard , Ciuffreda Kenneth J 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the magnitude of nearwork‐induced transient myopia (NITM) under binocular viewing conditions separately in each eye of individuals with mild to moderate anisometropia to determine the relationship between NITM and their interocular refractive error.MethodsForty‐three children and young adults with anisometropia [cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) difference >1.00 D] were tested (ages 9–28 years). NITM was measured with binocular viewing separately in each eye after binocularly performing a sustained near task (5 D) for 5 min incorporating a cognitive demand using an open‐field, infrared autorefractor (Grand‐Seiko, WAM‐5500). Data were averaged over 10 s bins for 3 min in each eye. Initial NITM, its decay time (DT), and its decay area (DA) were determined. A‐scan ultrasound ocular biometry was also performed to determine the axial length of each eye.ResultsThe more myopic eye exhibited increased initial NITM, DT, and DA as compared to the less myopic eye (0.21 ± 0.16 D vs 0.15 ± 0.13 D, p = 0.026; 108.4 ± 64.3 secs vs 87.0 ± 65.2 secs, p = 0.04; and 17.6 ± 18.7 D*secs vs 12.3 ± 15.7 D*secs, p = 0.064), respectively. The difference in DA and the difference in SE between the more versus less myopic eye were significantly correlated (r = 0.31, p = 0.044). Furthermore, 63% (27/43), 56% (24/43), and 70% (30/43) of the more myopic eyes exhibited increased initial NITM, longer DT, and larger DA, respectively, than found in the less myopic eye.ConclusionsIn approximately two‐thirds of the anisometropic individuals, the initial NITM and its decay area were significantly increased in the more myopic eye as compared to the less myopic eye. NITM may play an important role in the development of interocular differences in myopia, although a causal relationship is yet to be established. Furthermore, the findings have potentially important implications regarding accommodative control and interocular accommodative responsitivity in anisometropia, in particular for anisomyopia.
Hemi‐field and full‐field form‐deprivation induce timing changes in multifocalERGresponses in chick
Authors: Schmid Katrina L , Rayner Cassie L , Brown Brian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurposeIn animal models hemi‐field deprivation results in localised, graded vitreous chamber elongation and presumably deprivation induced localised changes in retinal processing. The aim of this research was to determine if there are variations in ERG responses across the retina in normal chick eyes and to examine the effect of hemi‐field and full‐field deprivation on ERG responses across the retina and at earlier times than have previously been examined electrophysiologically.MethodsChicks were either untreated, wore monocular full‐diffusers or half‐diffusers (depriving nasal retina) (n = 6–8 each group) from day 8. mfERG responses were measured using the VERIS mfERG system across the central 18.2º× 16.7º (H × V) field. The stimulus consisted of 61 unscaled hexagons with each hexagon modulated between black and white according to a pseudorandom binary m‐sequence. The mfERG was measured on day 12 in untreated chicks, following 4 days of hemi‐field diffuser wear, and 2, 48 and 96 h after application of full‐field diffusers.ResultsThe ERG response of untreated chick eyes did not vary across the measured field; there was no effect of retinal location on the N1‐P1 amplitude (p = 0.108) or on P1 implicit time (p > 0.05). This finding is consistent with retinal ganglion cell density of the chick varying by only a factor of two across the entire retina. Half‐diffusers produced a ramped retina and a graded effect of negative lens correction (p < 0.0001); changes in retinal processing were localized. The untreated retina showed increasing complexity of the ERG waveform with development; form‐deprivation prevented the increasing complexity of the response at the 2, 48 and 96 h measurement times and produced alterations in response timing.ConclusionsForm‐deprivation and its concomitant loss of image contrast and high spatial frequency images prevented development of the ERG responses, consistent with a disruption of development of retinal feedback systems. The characterisation of ERG responses in normal and deprived chick eyes across the retina allows the assessment of concurrent visual and retinal manipulations in this model.
Temporal properties of the myopic response to defocus in the guinea pig
Authors: Leotta Amelia J , Bowrey Hannah E , Zeng Guang , McFadden Sally A 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurposeHyperopic defocus induces myopia in all species tested and is believed to underlie the progression of human myopia. We determined the temporal properties of the effects of hyperopic defocus in a mammalian eye.MethodsIn Experiment 1, the rise and decay time of the responses elicited by hyperopic defocus were calculated in 111 guinea pigs by giving repeated episodes of monocular −4 D lens wear (from 5 to 6 days of age for 12 days) interspersed with various dark intervals. In Experiment 2, the decay time constant was calculated in 152 guinea pigs when repeated periods of monocular −5 D lens‐wear (from 4 days of age for 7 days) were interrupted with free viewing periods of different lengths. At the end of the lens‐wear period, ocular parameters were measured and time constants were calculated relative to the maximum response induced by continuous lens wear.ResultsWhen hyperopic defocus was experienced with dark intervals between episodes, the time required to induce 50% of the maximum achievable myopia and ocular elongation was at most 30 min. Saturated 1 h episodes took at least 22 h for refractive error and 31 h for ocular length, to decay to 50% of the maximum response. However, the decay was an order of magnitude faster when hyperopic defocus episodes were interrupted with a daily free viewing period, with only 36 min required to reduce relative myopia and ocular elongation by 50%.ConclusionsHyperopic defocus causes myopia with brief exposures and is very long lasting in the absence of competing signals. However, this myopic response rapidly decays if interrupted by periods of ‘normal viewing’ at least 30 min in length, wherein ocular growth appears to be guided preferentially by the least amount of hyperopic defocus experienced.
Successful conservative treatment of mandibular fracture after third molar extraction in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta: case report and clinical considerations
Authors: Herrera‐Calvo G. , García‐Montesinos Perea B. , Saiz Bustillo R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) comprises a heterogeneous group of connective tissue diseases that mainly manifest with bone fragility and skeletal deformity, which also has several metabolic defects that provide surgical and anaesthetic risks to this kind of patients. Moreover, bisphosphonates are an important part of their therapy, and this also involves some surgical considerations. Despite this widespread bone fragility, fractures of the facial bones occur very infrequently with very few cases reported in the literature, and all of them treated surgically. From the best of our knowledge, we describe the first case of a mandibular fracture in a patient with OI successfully treated by closed reduction and elastic maxillomandibular fixation. Some surgical considerations are discussed in this report.
Subxiphoid Approach to Epicardial Implantation of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Children
Authors: HAYDIN SERTAC , SAYGI MURAT , ERGUL YAKUP , OZYILMAZ ISA , OZTURK ERKUT , AKDENIZ CELAL , TUZCU VOLKAN 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundEpicardial implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) is considered in the presence of intracardiac shunt, venous access issue, or small body size. We report our experience with epicardial ICD coil implantation using a minimally invasive method.MethodsNine patients who underwent epicardial ICD implantation were included. The median age was 7.4 years (3.9–9.6 years) and the median weight was 15 kg (12–24 kg). Diagnosis at the time of implantation included long QT syndrome (n = 5), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (n = 2), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n = 1), and fast monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (n = 1). The minimally invasive method involved a subxiphoid incision to place the epicardial pacing leads. The ICD coil was placed in the transverse sinus in four patients using an access path posterior to the heart. The second approach involved a path anterior to the heart to reach the epicardial location posterior to the left atrial appendage in the five remaining patients. No fluoroscopy was used in either approach. The median defibrillation threshold (DFT) at implantation was 7.5 J.ResultsLower DFTs were observed in the anterior approach (10 J vs 5 J). Appropriate ICD shocks were observed in three patients during the median 18‐month follow‐up period (0.3–28 months). No inappropriate shocks were noted. One patient developed pericardial tamponade 39 days after the procedure and was surgically drained.ConclusionsMinimally invasive epicardial ICD coil implantation in children with low DFT values is possible. The anterior implantation approach appears superior to the posterior approach.
Commensal anomiid bivalves on Late Cretaceous heteromorph ammonites from south‐west Japan
Authors: Misaki Akihiro , Maeda Haruyoshi , Kumagae Taro , Ichida Masahiro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe heteromorph ammonite Pravitoceras sigmoidale from the Upper Cretaceous Seidan Formation (Izumi Group) in south‐west Japan is frequently encrusted by sessile anomiid bivalves. Fossils of P. sigmoidale with anomiids are often concentrated at the top of or just above turbidite sandstones. Projecting retroversal hooks and apertures of P. sigmoidale are usually intact, and some individuals are associated with jaw apparatuses near apertures. Anomiids are found on both sides and ventral peripheries of P. sigmoidale conchs, attached predominantly to body chambers. These modes of occurrence suggest that the encrustation by anomiids occurred not on post‐mortem floating or sunken carcasses but on live conchs and that these organisms were rapidly buried by turbidity current deposits shortly after death. Attachment to both flanks and ventral peripheries of the retroversal hooks may indicate that at least adult individuals of P. sigmoidale did not lie on the sea floor and did not drag their body chambers. It is suggested that fully mature individuals of this ammonite species lived for a long period of time after having formed the retroversal hook because a few generations of anomiids have colonized a single body chamber. Such colonization by anomiids is also observed on Didymoceras awajiense, which is considered to be the closely related ancestral species of P. sigmoidale. This anomiid–heteromorph ammonite commensal relationship might continue to persist in descendants during the course of evolution of these heteromorph ammonites.
Photosynthetic and anatomical responses of Eucalyptus grandis leaves to potassium and sodium supply in a field experiment
Authors: BATTIE‐LACLAU PATRICIA , LACLAU JEAN‐PAUL , BERI CONSTANCE , MIETTON LAURIANE , MUNIZ MARTA R.ALMEIDA , ARENQUE BRUNA CERSÓZIMO , DE CASSIA PICCOLO MARISA , JORDAN‐MEILLE LIONEL , BOUILLET JEAN‐PIERRE , NOUVELLON YANN 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAlthough vast areas in tropical regions have weathered soils with low potassium (K) levels, little is known about the effects of K supply on the photosynthetic physiology of trees. This study assessed the effects of K and sodium (Na) supply on the diffusional and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis in Eucalyptus grandis leaves. A field experiment comparing treatments receiving K (+K) or Na (+Na) with a control treatment (C) was set up in a K‐deficient soil. The net CO2 assimilation rates were twice as high in +K and 1.6 times higher in +Na than in the C as a result of lower stomatal and mesophyll resistance to CO2 diffusion and higher photosynthetic capacity. The starch content was higher and soluble sugar was lower in +K than in C and +Na, suggesting that K starvation disturbed carbon storage and transport. The specific leaf area, leaf thickness, parenchyma thickness, stomatal size and intercellular air spaces increased in +K and +Na compared to C. Nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations were also higher in +K and +Na than in C. These results suggest a strong relationship between the K and Na supply to E. grandis trees and the functional and structural limitations to CO2 assimilation rates.
Constraining 3‐PGwith a new δ13Csubmodel: a test using the δ13Cof tree rings
Authors: WEI LIANG , MARSHALL JOHN D. , LINK TIMOTHY E. , KAVANAGH KATHLEEN L. , DU ENHAO , PANGLE ROBERT E. , GAG PETER J. , UBIERNA NEREA 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA semi‐mechanistic forest growth model, 3‐PG(PhysiologicalPrinciplesPredictingGrowth), was extended to calculate δ13Cin tree rings. The δ13Cestimates were based on the model's existing description of carbon assimilation and canopy conductance. The model was tested in two ∼80‐year‐old natural stands ofAbies grandis(grand fir) in northern Idaho. We used as many independent measurements as possible to parameterize the model. Measured parameters included quantum yield, specific leaf area, soil water content and litterfall rate. Predictions were compared with measurements of transpiration by sap flux, stem biomass, tree diameter growth, leaf area index and δ13C. Sensitivity analysis showed that the model's predictions of δ13Cwere sensitive to key parameters controlling carbon assimilation and canopy conductance, which would have allowed it to fail had the model been parameterized or programmed incorrectly. Instead, the simulated δ13Cof tree rings was no different from measurements (P > 0.05). The δ13Csubmodel provides a convenient means of constraining parameter space and avoiding model artefacts. This δ13Ctest may be applied to any forest growth model that includes realistic simulations of carbon assimilation and transpiration.
The importance of the infected seed tuber and soil inoculum in transmitting Potato mop‐top virus to potato plants
Authors: Davey T. , Carnegie S. F. , Saddler G. S. , Mitchell W. J. 
Published: May 2013

Potato mop‐top virus (PMTV), the cause of spraing in potato tubers, is transmitted by Spongospora subterranea, the cause of powdery scab, and by planting infected seed tubers. This study was undertaken to determine the relative importance of these sources of infection in seed potato production in Scotland. The transmission of PMTV from tested seed tubers to daughter plants was examined over 2 years and six cultivars. The development of foliar symptoms varied with year and cultivar. Infection of daughter tubers derived from PMTV‐infected seed tubers was more prevalent on plants affected by foliar symptoms than those without symptoms. The rate of transmission of PMTV from infected seed tubers to daughter tubers ranged from 18 to 54%. Transmission was affected by cultivar and by origin of seed tubers used for a cultivar, but not by a cultivar's sensitivity to PMTV infection. The incidence of PMTV in daughter tubers of cv. Cara grown from seed potatoes from one source (common origin) by more than 25 seed producers was examined over two successive generations. The incidence of PMTV in daughter tubers was not correlated with that in the seed tubers but appeared to be strongly associated with soil inoculum. The incidence of PMTV was correlated with powdery scab in those crops in which both were present. There was some evidence from soil tests conducted in 2006 using a tomato bait plant and real‐time RT‐PCR that planting PMTV‐infected seed potatoes could increase the risk of introducing the virus into land not infested by PMTV.
Thegndgene ofBuchneraas a new, effectiveDNAbarcode for aphid identification
Authors: CHEN RUI , JIANG LI‐YUN , LIU LIN , LIU QING‐HUA , WEN JUAN , ZHANG RUI‐LING , LI XING‐YI , WANG YUAN , LEI FU‐MIN , QIAO GE‐XIA 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDNAbarcoding uses a standardDNAsequence to facilitate species identification. Although theCOIgene has been adopted as the standard,COIalone is imperfect due to several shortcomings. The primary endosymbiont of aphids,Buchnera, has higher evolutionary rates and interspecies divergence than its co‐diverging aphid hosts, making it a potential tool for resolving the ambiguities in aphid taxonomy. We compared the effectiveness of employing two differentDNAregions,gndandCOI, for the discrimination of over 100 species of aphids. The mean interspecific divergence of thegndregion was significantly higher than the mean intraspecific variation; there were nearly nonoverlapping distributions between the intra‐ and interspecific samples. In contrast,COIshowed a lower interspecific divergence, which led to difficulties in identifying closely related species. Our results show thatgndcan identify species in the Aphididae, which suggests that thegndregion ofBuchnerais a potentially effective barcode for aphid species identification. We also recommend the 2‐locus combination ofgnd+COIas the aphid barcode. This will provide a universal framework for the routine use ofDNAsequence data to identify specimens and contribute toward the discovery of overlooked species of aphids.
Multifocal periostitis as a complication of chronic use of voriconazole in a lung transplant recipient
Authors: Tedja R. , El‐Sherief A. , Olbrych T. , Gordon S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFungal infections are common in solid organ transplantation. An increasing number of transplant recipients receive antifungal therapy for prolonged duration owing to invasive fungal infections. Herein, we describe a diagnosis of periostitis as a complication of chronic use of voriconazole in a lung transplant recipient. The patient was diagnosed with probable pulmonary aspergillosis and was treated with oral voriconazole for a total of 9 months. Evidence of multifocal periostitis was observed in the axial and appendicular skeleton. Early recognition of this phenomenon is important to prevent unnecessary tests and procedures. Prompt discontinuation of voriconazole should result in improvement of symptoms.
A tandem Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI106)–serine carboxypeptidase (SCP1) controls mycorrhiza establishment and arbuscule development in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Rech Stefanie S. , Heidt Sven , Requena Natalia 
Published: May 2013

SummaryPlant proteases and protease inhibitors are involved in plant developmental processes including those involving interactions with microbes. Here we show that a tandem between a Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI106) and a serine carboxypeptidase (SCP1) controls arbuscular mycorrhiza development in the root cortex of Medicago truncatula. Both proteins are only induced during mycorrhiza formation and belong to large families whose members are also mycorrhiza‐specific. Furthermore, the interaction between KPI106 and SCP1 analysed using the yeast two‐hybrid system is specific, indicating that each family member might have a defined counterpart. In silico docking analysis predicted a putative P1 residue in KPI106 (Lys173) that fits into the catalytic pocket of SCP1, suggesting that KPI106 might inhibit the enzyme activity by mimicking the protease substrate. In vitro mutagenesis of the Lys173 showed that this residue is important in determining the strength and specificity of the interaction. The RNA interference (RNAi) inactivation of the serine carboxypeptidase SCP1 produces aberrant mycorrhizal development with an increased number of septated hyphae and degenerate arbuscules, a phenotype also observed when overexpressing KPI106. Protease and inhibitor are both secreted as observed when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells. Taken together we envisage a model in which the protease SCP1 is secreted in the apoplast where it produces a peptide signal critical for proper fungal development within the root. KPI106 also at the apoplast would modulate the spatial and/or temporal activity of SCP1 by competing with the protease substrate.
Timely expression of the Arabidopsis stoma‐fate master regulator MUTE is required for specification of other epidermal cell types
Authors: Triviño Magdalena , Martín‐Trillo Mar , Ballesteros Isabel , Delgado Dolores , de Marcos Alberto , Desvoyes Bénédicte , Gutiérrez Crisanto , Mena Montaña , Fenoll Carmen 
Published: May 2013

SummaryEpidermal differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana aerial organs involves stomatal lineage development. Lineages derive from meristemoids, which arise from asymmetric divisions of protodermal cells. Each meristemoid divides repeatedly in an inward spiral before it transits to a guard mother cell (GMC) that produces the stoma, leaving a trail of surrounding stomatal lineage ground cells (SLGCs) that eventually differentiate into endoreplicated pavement cells. MUTE is a bHLH transcription factor that is expressed in late meristemoids and drives their transition to GMCs. Loss‐of‐function mute mutants are stomata‐less dwarf plants with arrested lineages, in which stunted putative SLGCs surround a halted meristemoid. We analysed MUTE functions using a chemically inducible system for mute‐3 complementation based on conditional MUTE expression in its normal domain. Continuous induction from germination produced stomata‐bearing, normal‐sized plants with viable mute‐3 seeds. In 2‐week‐old mute‐3 cotyledons, meristemoids appeared to retain their identity and synchronously formed stomata in response to induced MUTE expression. However, arrested SLGCs were not complemented: many produced stomata, leading to stomatal clusters, and others remained unexpanded and diploid. In contrast, non‐lineage pavement cells, which are under‐endoreplicated in mute‐3, expanded and increased their ploidy level upon induction, showing that the lack of response of SLGCs is specific to this arrested cell type. Leaf phenotypic mosaics include wild‐type lineages and adjacent mute‐3 lineages, whose meristemoids and putative SLGCs remained arrested, indicating that the role of MUTE in SLGC fate is strictly lineage‐autonomous. These results show that timely MUTE expression is essential to prevent stomatal fate in SLGCs and to promote their differentiation as pavement cells.
Arv1 Regulates PM and ER Membrane Structure and Homeostasis But is Dispensable for Intracellular Sterol Transport
Authors: Georgiev Alexander G. , Johansen Jesper , Ramanathan Vidhya D. , Sere Yves Y. , Beh Christopher T. , Menon Anant K. 
Published: May 2013

SynopsisThe ER membrane protein Arv1 has been implicated in intracellular sterol transport. We report that the retrograde and anterograde movement of sterols between the ER and PM in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is unaffected by Arv1 deficiency. Instead, we find that arv1 cells display altered ER morphology and PM lipid bilayer organization, and express tail‐anchored proteins at almost undetectable levels. Our results suggest that Arv1 plays a role in membrane homeostasis through its effect on the biogenesis of tail‐end membrane proteins.