bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of the development of Type 2 diabetes in relation to overall obesity, abdominal obesity and the clustering of metabolic abnormalities in Japanese individuals: does metabolically healthy overweight really exist? The Niigata Wellness Study
Authors: Heianza Y. , Kato K. , Kodama S. , Ohara N. , Suzuki A. , Tanaka S. , Hanyu O. , Sato K. , Sone H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimsWe investigated the risk of developing diabetes across various metabolic phenotypes by considering the presence of overall adiposity or abdominal adiposity and the number of metabolic abnormalities and aimed to clarify whether a ‘healthy overweight’ phenotype, that is, overweight with no metabolic abnormalities, was protective of the development of diabetes.MethodsWe studied 29 564 Japanese individuals without diabetes. The 5–year incidence of diabetes was assessed according to a combination of either overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) or abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women) and the number of metabolic factors present (hypertension, elevated triglyceride concentration, low HDL cholesterol concentration and impaired fasting glucose).ResultsA total of 1188 individuals developed diabetes. Compared with normal weight individuals with none of the four metabolic abnormalities, in overweight individuals with none of the four abnormalities there was an odds ratio (OR) of 2.32 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50, 3.59] for diabetes; having any one metabolic abnormality increased the risk of developing diabetes among normal weight individuals [OR 3.23 (2.55, 4.10)] and overweight individuals [OR 5.00 (3.77, 6.63)]. Among overweight individuals, the presence of impaired fasting glucose alone substantially elevated the risk of diabetes by 8.98–fold (5.52, 14.6) in comparison with the absence of the four metabolic factors.ConclusionsBeing ‘healthy overweight’ was associated with a higher OR of developing future diabetes among Japanese individuals than normal weight individuals with no metabolic abnormalities, and being overweight with one or more abnormalities had a further elevated OR compared with ‘healthy overweight’ people.
The impact of diabetes‐related complications on healthcare costs: new results from the UKPDS (UKPDS 84)
Authors: Alva M. L. , Gray A. , Mihaylova B. , Leal J. , Holman R. R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimsTo estimate the immediate and long‐term inpatient and non‐inpatient costs for Type 2 diabetes‐related complications.MethodsThe costs of all consultations, visits, admissions and procedures associated with diabetes‐related complications during UK Prospective Diabetes Study post‐trial monitoring in the period 1997–2007 were estimated using hospitalization records for 2791 patients in England and resource use questionnaires that were administered to 3589 patients across the UK.ResultsThe estimated (95% CI) inpatient care costs (in 2012 pounds sterling) in the event year for the example of a 60‐year‐old man were: non‐fatal ischaemic heart disease £9767 (£7038–£12 696); amputation £9546 (£6416–£13 463); non‐fatal stroke £6805 (£3856–£10 278); non‐fatal myocardial infarction £6379 (£4290–£8339); fatal stroke £3954 (£2012–£6428); fatal ischaemic heart disease £3766 (£746–£5512); heart failure £3191 (£1678–4903); fatal myocardial infarction £1521 (£647–£2670); and blindness in one eye £1355 (£415–£2655). In subsequent years, estimated (95% CI) costs ranged from £1792 (£1060–£2943) for amputations to £453 (£315–£691) for blindness in one eye. Costs of non‐inpatient healthcare in the event year were: amputation £2699 (£1409–£4126); blindness in one eye £1790 (£878–£3056); non‐fatal stroke £1019 (£770–£1499); nonfatal myocardial infarction £1963 (£794–£1157); heart failure £979 (£708–£1344); non‐fatal ischaemic heart disease £864 (£718–£1014); and cataract extraction £700 (£619–£780). In each subsequent year, non‐inpatient costs ranged from £1611 (£1193–£2116) for amputations to £654 (£572–£799) for ischaemic heart disease.ConclusionsDiabetic complications are associated with substantial immediate and long‐term healthcare costs. Our comprehensive new estimates of these costs, derived from detailed recent UK Prospective Diabetes Study post‐trial data, should aid researchers and health policy analyses.
Concerns and perceptions about necessity in relation to insulin therapy in an ethnically diverse UK population with Type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study focusing mainly on people of South Asian origin
Authors: Patel N. , Stone M. A. , McDonough C. , Davies M. J. , Khunti K. , Eborall H. 
Published: November 2014

AimTo explore attitudes towards insulin acceptance an ethnically diverse population of people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews using a topic guide based on a literature review and findings from our previous study, which explored the perspectives of healthcare professionals about insulin initiation and management. Analysis of data involved undertaking an abductive reasoning approach in response to emerging themes.ResultsParticipants discussed not only their concerns about insulin therapy, but also their views and beliefs about the necessity of insulin. Their attitudes to insulin treatment could be mapped into four main typologies. These fitted with an attitudinal scale based on the Necessity‐Concerns Framework described in the medication adherence literature, comprising four attitudes: accepting, sceptical, ambivalent and indifferent. Decisions about accepting insulin involved balancing concerns (such as needle size) against the perceived necessity of insulin (generally, inadequacy of oral medication). The South Asian and white participants had similar concerns, but these were sometimes greater in South Asian participants, because of the influence of negative views and experiences of other insulin users.ConclusionsWhen discussing insulin with people with Type 2 diabetes, healthcare providers need to ensure that they explore and contribute to patients’ understanding and interpretation of the necessity of insulin as well as discussing their concerns. Furthermore, they should be aware of how an individual's social context can influence his/her perceptions about the necessity of insulin as well as their concerns, and that this influence may be greater in some South Asian populations.
Associations of depression with impaired glucose regulation, newly diagnosed diabetes and previously diagnosed diabetes in Chinese adults
Authors: Sun J. C. , Xu M. , Lu J. L. , Bi Y. F. , Mu Y. M. , Zhao J. J. , Liu C. , Chen L. L. , Shi L. X. , Li Q. , Yang T. , Yan L. , Wan Q. , Wu S. L. , Liu Y. , Wang G. X. , Luo Z. J. , Tang X. L. , Chen G. , Huo Y. N. , Gao Z. N. , Su Q. , Ye Z. , Wang Y. M. , Qin G. J. , Deng H. C. , Yu X. F. , Shen F. X. , Chen L. , Zhao L. B. , Wang T. G. , Lai S. H. , Li D. H. , Wang W. Q. , Ning G. ,   the Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals: A Longitudinal (REACTION) Study group
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimTo examine the association between depression and impaired glucose regulation, newly diagnosed diabetes and previously diagnosed diabetes in middle‐aged and elderly Chinese people, and whether depression was associated with different treatment regimens or durations of diabetes.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed among 229 047 adults living in the community aged ≥ 40 years from 25 centres in China. The self‐reported depression rating scale Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ–9) was used to diagnose probable and sub‐threshold depression. Glucose metabolism status was determined according to World Health Organization 1999 diagnostic criteria.ResultsThe numbers of participants with normal glucose regulation, impaired glucose regulation, newly diagnosed diabetes and previously diagnosed diabetes were 120 458, 59 512, 24 826 and 24 251, respectively. The prevalence of sub‐threshold depression in the total sample of participants was 4.8% (4.8%, 4.8%, 4.4% and 5.6% from normal glucose regulation to previously diagnosed diabetes, respectively), and the prevalence of probable depression was 1.1% (1.1%, 1.0%, 0.9% and 1.8% from normal glucose regulation to previously diagnosed diabetes, respectively). Compared with participants with normal glucose regulation, those with previously diagnosed diabetes had increased odds of probable depression [odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–1.87] and sub‐threshold depression (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.24), after adjustment for multiple confounding factors. Newly diagnosed diabetes or impaired glucose regulation was not associated with depression. Among those with previously diagnosed diabetes, insulin treatment was associated with greater odds of depression compared with no treatment or oral anti‐diabetic medicine.ConclusionPreviously diagnosed diabetes, but not newly diagnosed diabetes or impaired glucose regulation, was associated with a higher prevalence of depression. Patients receiving insulin were more likely to have depression than those not receiving treatment or being treated with oral anti‐diabetic medicine.
Place and health in diabetes: the neighbourhood environment and risk of depression in adults with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gariepy G. , Kaufman J. S. , Blair A. , Kestens Y. , Schmitz N. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a common co‐illness in people with diabetes. Evidence suggests that the neighbourhood environment impacts the risk of depression, but few studies have investigated this effect in those with diabetes. We examined the effect of a range of neighbourhood characteristics on depression in people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis cohort study used five waves of data from 1298 participants with Type 2 diabetes from the Diabetes Health Study (2008–2013). We assessed depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire. We measured neighbourhood deprivation using census data; density of services using geospatial data; level of greenness using satellite imagery; and perceived neighbourhood characteristics using survey data. The effect of neighbourhood factors on risk of depression was estimated using survival analysis, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. We tested effect modification by age, sex and socio‐economic characteristics using interaction terms.ResultsMore physical activity facilities, cultural services and a greater level of greenness in the neighbourhood were associated with a lower risk of depression in our sample, even after adjusting for confounders. Material deprivation was associated with increased risk of depression, particularly in participants who were older or retired.ConclusionsCharacteristics of neighbourhoods were associated with the risk of depression in people with Type 2 diabetes and there were vulnerable subgroups within this association. Clinicians are encouraged to consider the neighbourhood environment of their patients when assessing the risk of depression. Future intervention research is need for health policy recommendations.
Adherence to diabetes medication: a systematic review
Authors: Krass I. , Schieback P. , Dhippayom T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimsTo investigate the extent of and factors associated with adherence to Type 2 diabetes medication.MethodsThe CINAHL, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Medline, PubMed and PsychINFO databases were searched for the period January 2004 to July 2013. Papers were included in the present review if they reported the prevalence of adherence (the percentage of the study population that is classified as adherent) to Type 2 diabetes medication and used validated adherence measures with a defined cut‐off point to indicate adherence. Reported factors were classified as potential predictors if the studies that examined that particular variable reported consistent findings.ResultsOf the 27 studies included in the present review, the prevalence of adherence ranged from 38.5 to 93.1%. Only six out of 27 studies (22.2%) reported prevalence of adherence of ≥ 80% among their study population. Depression and medication cost were found to be consistent and potentially modifiable predictors for diabetes medication‐taking behaviour. The associations between adherence and other factors were inconsistent among the reviewed studies.ConclusionsAdherence to diabetes medication remains an ongoing problem. This review has highlighted the urgent need to develop consensus about what constitutes good adherence in diabetes. Further research is needed to clarify modifiable factors, in addition to depression and medication cost, that influence adherence and may provide a focus for targeted interventions to promote adherence, optimize diabetes control and limit the progression of diabetes.
Association of neighbourhood unemployment rate with incident Type 2 diabetes mellitus in five German regions
Authors: Müller G. , Wellmann J. , Hartwig S. , Greiser K. H. , Moebus S. , Jöckel K.‐H. , Schipf S. , Völzke H. , Maier W. , Meisinger C. , Tamayo T. , Rathmann W. , Berger K. ,   the DIAB‐CORE Consortium
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimTo analyse the association of neighbourhood unemployment with incident self‐reported physician‐diagnosed Type 2 diabetes in a population aged 45–74 years from five German regions.MethodsStudy participants were linked via their addresses at baseline to particular neighbourhoods. Individual‐level data from five population‐based studies were pooled and combined with contextual data on neighbourhood unemployment. Type 2 diabetes was assessed according to a self‐reported physician diagnosis of diabetes. We estimated proportional hazard models (Weibull distribution) in order to obtain hazard ratios and 95% CIs of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, taking into account interval‐censoring and clustering.ResultsWe included 7250 participants residing in 228 inner city neighbourhoods in five German regions in our analysis. The incidence rate was 12.6 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI 11.4–13.8). The risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus was higher in men [hazard ratio 1.79 (95% CI 1.47–2.18)] than in women and higher in people with a low education level [hazard ratio 1.55 (95% CI 1.18–2.02)] than in those with a high education level. Independently of individual‐level characteristics, we found a higher risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in neighbourhoods with high levels of unemployment [quintile 5; hazard ratio 1.72 (95% CI 1.23–2.42)] than in neighbourhoods with low unemployment (quintile 1).ConclusionsLow education level and high neighbourhood unemployment were independently associated with an elevated risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Studies examining the impact of the residential environment on Type 2 diabetes mellitus will provide knowledge that is essential for the identification of high‐risk populations.
Early menarche increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes in young and middle‐aged Korean women
Authors: Lim J. S. , Lee H. S. , Kim E. Y. , Yi K. H. , Hwang J. S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimsTo investigate the association between early menarche (menarche age < 12 years) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in young and middle‐aged Korean women.MethodsWe analysed data for 4657 women aged 20–50 years from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV) (2007–2009).ResultsThe prevalence of Type 2 diabetes was 2.8%. Women with early menarche had a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose than did women with later menarche (age ≥ 12 years) in the 20–30 age group (7.4% vs. 3.0%), and a higher prevalence of diabetes in the 30–40 (6.3% vs. 1.7%) and 40–50 (18.5% vs. 4.4%) age groups. The odds ratio (OR) of Type 2 diabetes in women with early menarche was 3.61 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.90–6.88] after adjusting for age. In multivariate regression, the OR of Type 2 diabetes decreased to 2.52 (95% CI, 1.29–4.94) after further adjusting for BMI. However, the OR decreased to 2.04 (95% CI, 0.95–4.39) without significance after adjusting for HOMA–IR.ConclusionsEarly menarche increased the risk of Type 2 diabetes in young and middle‐aged Korean women although adulthood adiposity attenuated the relationship. Knowledge of age at menarche is important in identifying women at risk for diabetes.
Risk of recurrent cervical artery dissection during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium
Authors: Reinhard M. , Munz M. , von Kannen A.‐L. , Griesser‐Leute H.‐J. , Dittrich R. , Engelter S. T. 
Published: November 2014

Background and purposeHormonal and mechanical factors might increase the risk for cervical artery dissection (CAD) during pregnancy and the puerperium. There is uncertainty how to counsel women with a previous CAD regarding the risk of CAD recurrence during pregnancy and the puerperium.MethodsIn an observational study of four stroke centers, all women aged 16–45 years with primary CAD in the previous decade were asked to participate in a standardized assessment on long‐term follow‐up with a special focus on pregnancies and recurrent CAD.ResultsNinety‐two women were identified and 53 of them were included in the analysis (60%). Eleven women declined to participate, 28 were untraceable. The 39 non‐participants did not differ from participants regarding key baseline characteristics. Average follow‐up time was 72 months. Nine women (17%) had recurrent CAD after a median of 14 days (range 2 days to 117 months). Eleven women (20%) had a total of 13 completed pregnancies at a median of 44 months (range 12–84 months) after index CAD. Two of the pregnant women (18%) had suffered recurrent CAD ≥18 months prior to the pregnancy. All 13 pregnancies and puerperia went without recurrent CADs or cerebrovascular events. This includes giving birth by vaginal delivery (n = 6) and caesarean section (n = 7). None of the five women with typical connective tissue disease became pregnant.ConclusionsOur observation suggests that the risk of recurrent CAD may not be greatly increased with pregnancies starting at least 12 months after CAD in women without typical connective tissue disease.
Radiation‐use efficiency for forage kale crops grown under different nitrogen application rates
Authors: Chakwizira E. , Brown H. E. , de Ruiter J. M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCrop growth is related to radiation‐use efficiency (RUE), which is influenced by the nitrogen (N) status of the crop, expressed at canopy level as specific leaf N (SLN) or at plant level as N nutrition index (NNI). To determine the mechanisms through which N affects dry‐matter (DM) production of forage kale, results from two experiments (N treatment range 0–500 kg ha−1) were analysed for fractional radiation interception (RI), accumulated radiation (Racc), RUE, N uptake, critical N concentration (Nc), NNI and SLN. The measured variables (DM, RI and SLN) and the calculated variables (NNI, Racc and RUE) increased with N supply. RUE increased from 0·74 and 0·89 g MJ−1 IPAR for the control treatments to 1·50 and 1·95 g MJ−1 IPAR under adequate N and water in both experiments. This represented an increase in RUE of 52–146% for the range of N treatments used in both experiments, whilst Racc increased by 9–17%, compared with the control treatments. Subsequently, the total DM yield of kale increased from 6·7 and 8 t DM ha−1 for the control treatments to ≥ 19 t DM ha−1 when ≥150 kg N ha−1 was applied. The DM yields for the 500 kg N ha−1 treatments were 25·5 and 27·6 t DM ha−1 for the two experiments. RUE increased linearly with SLN, at an average rate of 0·38 g DM MJ−1 IPAR per each additional 1 g N m−2 leaf until a maximum RUE of 1·90 g MJ−1 IPAR was reached in both experiments. There were no changes in RUE with SLN of > 2·6 g m−2 and NNI >1, implying luxury N uptake. RUE was the most dominant driver of forage kale DM yield increases in response to SLN and NNI.
Yearly variation in maize silage fermentation and nutritive quality
Authors: Loučka R. , Hakl J. , Jirmanová J. , Tyrolová Y. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA significant effect of year on maize nutritive value has been reported in many studies; however, the direct effect of year on both nutritive values and fermentation traits of maize silage has not been directly investigated. During a 7‐year period (2006–2012), we investigated the following variables of 597 maize silages commercially produced in bunker silos on farms in the Czech Republic: dry‐matter content (DM), crude protein (CP), starch, amylase‐treated neutral detergent fibre (aNDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and net energy lactation (NEL), as well as fermentation traits such as pH, contents of lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA) and the ratio between LA and volatile fatty acids. The effect of year and DM explained 16 and 30% of the variability in nutritive and fermentation traits respectively. Although a common silage DM content was used for each year, the climatic effect of year significantly changed almost all tested variables, but particularly aNDF, ADF, starch, AA and BA. The year contribution to trait variability effect was as much as two times higher for fermentation traits (12·6%) as for nutritive value (6·1%). Temperature–precipitation relationships associated with achieved maize yield were considered as factors explaining the year effect. Temperature and precipitation averaged over the full vegetation period had low relevance to nutritive and fermentation traits. This study reveals the importance of year‐to‐year variation in silage nutritive value and fermentation, which could be useful for understanding the contribution of year to these changes in both field experiments and national assessments.
An investigation into the feasibility of designing a framework for the quantitative evaluation of the Clinical Librarian service at an NHS Trust in Brighton, UK
Authors: Deshmukh Archana , Roper Tom 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis feature presents research undertaken by Archana Deshmukh for her MA dissertation at the University of Brighton. She worked closely with Tom Roper, the Clinical Librarian at Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, in a project to explore the feasibility of applying quantitative measures to evaluate the Clinical Librarian service. The investigation used an innovative participatory approach and the findings showed that although an exclusively quantitative approach to evaluation is not feasible, using a mixed methods approach is a way forward. Agreed outputs and outcomes could be embedded in a marketing plan, and the resulting framework could provide evidence to demonstrate overall impact. Archana graduated in July 2014, gaining a Distinction in the MA in Information Studies, and she is currently looking for work in the health information sector.
International trends in health science librarianship part 12: South Asia (India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka)
Authors: Joshi Medha , Ali Anwar Mumtaz , Ullah Midrar , Kuruppu Chandrani 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis is the 12th in a series of articles exploring international trends in health science librarianship. This issue describes developments in health science librarianship in the first decade of the 21st century in South Asia. The three contributors report on challenges facing health science librarians in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. There is consensus as to the need for education, training and professional development. Starting in the next issue, the focus will turn to Africa, starting with countries in southern Africa.JM