bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does landscape water availability influence floodplain woodland bird density?
Authors: McGinness Heather M. , Arthur Anthony D. , Davies Micah 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIrrigated agriculture in south‐east Australia has increased water availability to native flora and fauna by creating artificial open‐water habitats and raising water tables across the landscape. However, it has also caused loss of floodplain woodlands and reductions in the frequency, extent and duration with which floodplains are inundated, resulting in habitat degradation. The effects of such changes on floodplain fauna such as woodland birds are poorly understood. This paper explores the hypothesis that water availability at landscape scales influences woodland bird density. It examines the density of selected bird species in remnant floodplain woodlands of two contrasting regions within the same drought‐affected catchment and tests two predictions: (1) Increased water availability in the landscape resulting from greater surrounding irrigation land use intensity will be associated with higher bird density in floodplain woodlands and (2) lower flood frequency within a site will be associated with lower bird density in floodplain woodlands. Two contrasting levels of the effect of irrigation land use intensity on woodland bird density were found: firstly, a broad‐scale positive relationship between irrigation water availability and bird density at a regional scale and, secondly, a within‐region negative effect of very high intensity irrigation land use upon bird density. We suggest that these effects are mediated through the influence of water and land use on both food and habitat availability, and research is needed focusing on links between flood regime, vegetation condition and bird density in the absence of intensive irrigation land use to ascertain the importance of flooding to woodland birds. © 2014 Commonwealth of Australia. Ecohydrology © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electroluminescent Properties of Iridium(III) 2‐Phenylpyridine‐type Complexes Containing Trifluoromethyl Substituents and Various Main‐Group Moieties
Authors: Ho Cheuk‐Lam , Lam Ching‐Shan , Sun Ning , Ma Dongge , Liu Li , Yu Zhen‐Qiang , Xue Liqin , Lin Zhenyang , Li Hua , Lo Yih Hsing , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNew heteroleptic cyclometalated iridium(III) 2‐phenylpyridine‐type complexes with trifluoromethyl substituents and various main‐group moieties were synthesized and their photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent (EL) properties studied. The emission color can be tuned by a facile derivatization of the phenyl moiety of 2‐phenylpyridine with various main‐group moieties, and we have prepared new yellowishgreen to orange triplet emitters with enhanced charge injection/charge transporting features, which can furnish attractive EL performance in phosphorescent organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). Attempts were also made to fabricate two‐color white‐light OLEDs based on a combination of fluorescent blue and phosphorescent orange emitters.
Early Postoperative Small Bowel Obstruction is an Independent Risk Factor for Subsequent Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction in Patients Undergoing Open Colectomy
Authors: Lee Soo Young , Park Kyu Joo , Ryoo Seung‐Bum , Oh Heung‐Kwon , Choe Eun Kyung , Heo Seung Chul 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis prospective study was performed to investigate whether postoperative ileus (POI) or early postoperative small bowel obstruction (EPSBO) affects the development of adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) in patients undergoing colectomy.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 1,002 patients who underwent open colectomy by a single surgeon. POI was defined as the absence of bowel function for more than 5 days or as a delay in oral intake beyond 7 days postoperatively. EPSBO was defined as the clinical and radiologic identification of SBO after resuming oral intake between postoperative days 7 and 30. Adhesive SBO was defined as SBO developing after 30 days because of intraperitoneal adhesion. The associations between POI, EPSBO, patient‐ and surgery‐related variables, and the development of adhesive SBO were analyzed.ResultsA total of 85 (8.5 %) patients developed POI, and 42 patients (4.2 %) developed EPSBO, with seven patients experiencing both POI and EPSBO. During the follow‐up period (median 51 months), 70 patients (7.0 %) developed adhesive SBO, six (8.6 %) of whom needed laparotomy. The occurrence of adhesive SBO was significantly higher in patients with EPSBO than in those without EPSBO (26.5 vs. 7.5 % at 5 years, P < 0.001), but not in patients with POI (13.4 vs. 7.8 % at 5 years, P = 0.158). Multivariable analysis showed colostomy (hazard ratio [HR] 2.530, P = 0.006) and EPSBO (HR 4.063, P < 0.001) as independent risk factors for adhesive SBO.
ConclusionsThe development of adhesive SBO after colectomy is more frequent in patients with EPSBO and colostomy; however, POI does not increase the risk of adhesive SBO.
Barbed Sutures and Tendon Repair—a Review
Authors: Shah Ajul , Rowlands Megan , Au Alexander 
Published: August 2014

Introduction Traumatic tendon lacerations are a common problem encountered by hand surgeons worldwide. Although the use of barbed suture to repair tendon lacerations has gained theoretical popularity in recent years, there is little information available regarding the safety, efficacy, longevity, or complications encountered when used in tenorraphy. In this study, we review the available literature on the use of barbed suture in tendon repair. Methods Studies conducted between 1980 and 2014 were identified using several databases, including EMBASE, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Keywords used to search for appropriate studies included the following: barbed, v loc, quill, tendon, tendon injuries, suture, tenorraphy, injury, and laceration, in various combinations. Results Our initial literature search identified 47 articles, and 8 were deemed appropriate for review after applying our exclusion criteria. The data from each of the articles is reviewed for the following major categories: Maximum load to failure Mode of failure Load to 2-mm gap Change in cross-sectional area Type of repair Conclusions Barbed suture tenorraphy has a myriad of theoretical advantages, supported by varying ex vivo studies, as compared to traditional techniques. However, due to the non-uniformity in current studies and the lack of available data in a live model, we are unable to argue for or against barbed suture tenorraphy. We believe our review provides the most in-depth analysis of barbed suture tenorraphy to date, illuminates the potential advantages of using barbed sutures, and highlights the need for further investigation into this technique.
Measurement of the velocity field in parametrically excited solitary waves
Authors: Gordillo Leonardo , Mujica Nicolás 
Published: August 2014

AbstractParametrically excited solitary waves emerge as localized structures in high-aspect-ratio free surfaces subject to vertical vibrations. Herein, we provide the first experimental characterization of the hydrodynamics of these waves using particle image velocimetry. We show that the underlying velocity field of parametrically excited solitary waves is primarily composed of a subharmonic oscillatory component. Our results confirm the accuracy of Hamiltonian models with added dissipation in describing this field. Remarkably, our measurements also uncover the onset of a streaming velocity field which we show to be as important as other crucial nonlinear terms in the current theory. Using vorticity equations, we show that the streaming pattern arises from the coupling of the potential bulk flow with the oscillating boundary layers on the vertical walls. Numerical simulations provide good agreement between this model and experiments.
The centrifugal instability of the boundary-layer flow over slender rotating cones
Authors: Hussain Z. , Garrett S. J. , Stephen S. O. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractExisting experimental and theoretical studies are discussed which lead to the clear hypothesis of a hitherto unidentified convective instability mode that dominates within the boundary-layer flow over slender rotating cones. The mode manifests as Görtler-type counter-rotating spiral vortices, indicative of a centrifugal mechanism. Although a formulation consistent with the classic rotating-disk problem has been successful in predicting the stability characteristics over broad cones, it is unable to identify such a centrifugal mode as the half-angle is reduced. An alternative formulation is developed and the governing equations solved using both short-wavelength asymptotic and numerical approaches to independently identify the centrifugal mode.
Receptivity of a swept-wing boundary layer to micron-sized discrete roughness elements
Authors: Kurz Holger B. E. , Kloker Markus J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe receptivity of a laminar swept-wing boundary layer to a spanwise array of circular roughness elements is investigated by means of direct numerical simulations (DNS). The initial amplitude of a steady crossflow mode generated by the shallow roughness elements does not vary strictly linearly with the roughness height, as often assumed. Rather, a fundamental, superlinear dependence of the receptivity amplitude on the roughness height is found. In order to account for shape effects, the roughness geometry is Fourier decomposed to its spanwise spectral content, and elements with a reduced spectrum are investigated. If only modes are present that synthesise a regular structure of alternating bumps and dimples of equal shape and size, the receptivity amplitude is strictly linear for each mode and nominal roughness heights up to at least 15 % of the local displacement thickness.
Reaction textures and metamorphic evolution of sapphirine–spinel-bearing and associated granulites from Diguva Sonaba, Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, India
Authors: PRAKASH DIVYA , DEEPAK  , SINGH PRAVEEN CHANDRA , SINGH CHANDRA KANT , TEWARI SUPARNA , ARIMA MAKOTO , FRIMMEL HARTWIG E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Diguva Sonaba area (Vishakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, South India) represents part of the granulite-facies terrain of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt. The Precambrian metamorphic rocks of the area predominantly consist of mafic granulite (±garnet), khondalite, leptynite (±garnet, biotite), charnockite, enderbite, calc-granulite, migmatic gneisses and sapphirine–spinel-bearing granulite. The latter rock type occurs as lenticular bodies in khondalite, leptynite and calc-granulite. Textural relations, such as corroded inclusions of biotite within garnet and orthopyroxene, resorbed hornblende within pyroxenes, and coarse-grained laths of sillimanite, presumably pseudomorphs after kyanite, provide evidence of either an earlier episode of upper-amphibolite-facies metamorphism or they represent relics of the prograde path that led to granulite-facies metamorphism. In the sapphirine–spinel-bearing granulite, osumilite was stable in addition to sapphirine, spinel and quartz during the thermal peak of granulite-facies metamorphism but the assemblage was later replaced by Crd–Opx–Qtz–Kfs-symplectite and a variety of reaction coronas during retrograde overprint. Variable amounts of biotite or biotite+quartz symplectite replaced orthopyroxene, cordierite and Opx–Crd–Kfs–Qtz-symplectite at an even later retrograde stage. Peak metamorphic conditions of c. 1000°C and c. 12 kbar were computed by isopleths of XMg in garnet and XAl in orthopyroxene. The sequence of reactions as deduced from the corona and symplectite assemblages, together with petrogenetic grid and pseudosection modelling, records a clockwise P–T evolution. The P–T path is characteristically T-convex suggesting an isothermal decompression path and reflects rapid uplift followed by cooling of a tectonically thickened crust.
KEYNES AND THE BRITISH ACADEMY
Authors: WINCH DONALD 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis account of Keynes's relationship with the British Academy begins with his early, perhaps premature, nomination as a Fellow and its sequel, an initial rejection by the Academy on political grounds in 1920. The event became linked with the failure of his professorial colleague at Cambridge, Arthur Cecil Pigou, to be elected until 1927 on grounds that Keynes regarded as equally discreditable to the Academy. It was certainly one of the less edifying examples of Cambridge in-fighting. But having relented in his original decision not to allow his name to be put forward again Keynes was elected in 1929. The article deals with Keynes's subsequent participation in the affairs of the Academy, especially his part in nominating Beatrice Webb, the first woman to be elected to the Academy in 1930; and his contrasting failure to secure the election of Joan Robinson in the 1940s. The article is based mainly on archival sources and makes use of material drawn from the Academy's archive on the section that housed economists and economic historians between its foundation in 1902 and Keynes's death as its chairman in 1946. The article concludes by contrasting the part Keynes played in the Academy with his more dominant role as secretary to the Royal Economic Society.
Acute visceral cysticercosis by Taenia hydatigena in lambs and treatment with praziquantel
Authors: Scala A. , Urrai G. , Varcasia A. , Nicolussi P. , Mulas M. , Goddi L. , Pipia A.P. , Sanna G. , Genchi M. , Bandino E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAn acute outbreak of Taenia hydatigena cysticercosis, causing mortality in 5 of 21 (23.8%) female lambs, is reported. Gross post-mortem examinations and histology showed Cysticercus tenuicollis as the cause of death. Biochemical parameters in infected lambs confirmed severe hepatitis. Praziquantel, given once at 15 mg/kg body weight (bw), was administered and a dramatic improvement in the clinical condition and biochemical parameters was observed up to 30 days following treatment.
Revision laryngeal framework surgery performed by directly pulling the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
Authors: Kanazawa T , Komazawa D , Watanabe Y , Ichimura K 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground:Revision laryngeal framework surgery is usually performed for medialisation laryngoplasty failure, rather than for failure after arytenoid adduction. We describe a new method for revision arytenoid adduction surgery, performed by directly pulling the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (‘lateral cricoarytenoid muscle pull surgery’).Methods:We describe a case of revision laryngeal framework surgery, present a literature review and describe the advantages of lateral cricoarytenoid muscle pull surgery over the original method of arytenoid adduction using a posterior approach.Results:Medialisation laryngoplasty combined with arytenoid adduction was performed following unilateral vocal fold paralysis from mediastinal surgery, resulting in severe glottic insufficiency. The patient's voice improved after the initial surgery, but had deteriorated 18 months later. Revision surgery was performed using lateral cricoarytenoid muscle pull surgery, and her voice recovered normally in terms of perceptual impression. The post-operative course was uneventful for 10 months following revision surgery.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first case of revision arytenoid adduction performed using a lateral cricoarytenoid muscle pull approach. Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle pull surgery should therefore be considered as a new fenestration approach for arytenoid adduction.
Use of Systematic Methods to Improve Disease Identification in Administrative Data
Authors: Shahraz Saeid , Lagu Tara , Ritter Grant A. , Liu Xiadong , Tompkins Christopher 
Published: August 2014

Background:
Selection of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-based coded information for complex conditions such as severe sepsis is a subjective process and the results are sensitive to the codes selected. We use an innovative data exploration method to guide ICD-based case selection for severe sepsis.

Methods:
Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we applied Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to determine if medical coders follow any uniform and sensible coding for observations with severe sepsis. We examined whether ICD-9 codes specific to sepsis (038.xx for septicemia, a subset of 995.9 codes representing Systemic Inflammatory Response syndrome, and 785.52 for septic shock) could all be members of the same latent class.

Results:
Hospitalizations coded with sepsis-specific codes could be assigned to a latent class of their own. This class constituted 22.8% of all potential sepsis observations. The probability of an observation with any sepsis-specific codes being assigned to the residual class was near 0. The chance of an observation in the residual class having a sepsis-specific code as the principal diagnosis was close to 0. Validity of sepsis class assignment is supported by empirical results, which indicated that in-hospital deaths in the sepsis-specific class were around 4 times as likely as that in the residual class.

Conclusions:
The conventional methods of defining severe sepsis cases in observational data substantially misclassify sepsis cases. We suggest a methodology that helps reliable selection of ICD codes for conditions that require complex coding.
Long‐term phenological trends, species accumulation rates, aphid traits and climate: five decades of change in migrating aphids
Authors: Bell James R. , Alderson Lynda , Izera Daniela , Kruger Tracey , Parker Sue , Pickup Jon , Shortall Chris R. , Taylor Mark S. , Verrier Paul , Harrington Richard 
Published: August 2014

Summary

Aphids represent a significant challenge to food production. The Rothamsted Insect Survey (RIS) runs a network of 12·2‐m suction‐traps throughout the year to collect migrating aphids. In 2014, the RIS celebrated its 50th anniversary. This paper marks that achievement with an extensive spatiotemporal analysis and the provision of the first British annotated checklist of aphids since 1964.

Our main aim was to elucidate mechanisms that advance aphid phenology under climate change and explain these using life‐history traits. We then highlight emerging pests using accumulation patterns.

Linear and nonlinear mixed‐effect models estimated the average rate of change per annum and effects of climate on annual counts, first and last flights and length of flight season since 1965. Two climate drivers were used: the accumulated day degrees above 16 °C (ADD16) indicated the potential for migration during the aphid season; the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) signalled the severity of the winter before migration took place.

All 55 species studied had earlier first flight trends at rate of β = −0·611 ± SE 0·015 days year−1. Of these species, 49% had earlier last flights, but the average species effect appeared relatively stationary (β = −0·010 ± SE 0·022 days year−1). Most species (85%) showed increasing duration of their flight season (β = 0·336 ± SE 0·026 days year−1), even though only 54% increased their log annual count (β = 0·002 ± SE <0·001 year−1).

The ADD16 and NAO were shown to drive patterns in aphid phenology in a spatiotemporal context. Early in the year when the first aphids were migrating, the effect of the winter NAO was highly significant. Further into the year, ADD16 was a strong predictor. Latitude had a near linear effect on first flights, whereas longitude produced a generally less‐clear effect on all responses. Aphids that are anholocyclic (permanently parthenogenetic) or are monoecious (non‐host‐alternating) were advancing their phenology faster than those that were not.

Climate drives phenology and traits help explain how this takes place biologically. Phenology and trait ecology are critical to understanding the threat posed by emerging pests such as Myzus persicae nicotianae and Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis, as revealed by the species accumulation analysis.
Quantifying the impact of an extreme climate event on species diversity in fragmented temperate forests: the effect of theOctober 1987 storm onBritish broadleaved woodlands
Authors: Smart Simon M. , Ellison Aaron M. , Bunce Robert G. H. , Marrs Robert H. , Kirby Keith J. , Kimberley Adam , Scott Andy W. , Foster David R. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryWe report the impact of an extreme weather event, theOctober 1987 severe storm, on fragmented woodlands in southernBritain. We analysed ecological changes between 1971 and 2002 in 143 200‐m2plots in 10 woodland sites exposed to the storm with an ecologically equivalent sample of 150 plots in 16 non‐exposed sites. Comparing both years, understorey plant species‐richness, species composition, soilpHand woody basal area of the tree and shrub canopy were measured.We tested the hypothesis that the storm had deflected sites from the wider national trajectory of an increase in woody basal area and reduced understorey species‐richness associated with ageing canopies and declining woodland management. We also expected storm disturbance to amplify the background trend of increasing soil pH, aUK‐wide response to reduced atmospheric sulphur deposition. Path analysis was used to quantify indirect effects of storm exposure on understorey species richness via changes in woody basal area and soil pH.By 2002, storm exposure was estimated to have increased mean species richness per 200 m2by 32%. Woody basal area changes were highly variable and did not significantly differ with storm exposure.Increasing soil pHwas associated with a 7% increase in richness. There was no evidence that soil pHincreased more as a function of storm exposure. Changes in species richness and basal area were negatively correlated: a 3.4% decrease in richness occurred for every 0.1‐m2increase in woody basal area per plot.Despite all sites substantially exceeding the empirical critical load for nitrogen deposition, there was no evidence that in the 15 years since the storm, disturbance had triggered a eutrophication effect associated with dominance of gaps by nitrophilous species.Synthesis. Although the impacts of the 1987 storm were spatially variable in terms of impacts on woody basal area, the storm had a positive effect on understorey species richness. There was no evidence that disturbance had increased dominance of gaps by invasive species. This could change if recovery from acidification results in a soil pHregime associated with greater macronutrient availability.