bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of macrophage phenotypes in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Medbury Heather J , Williams Helen , Fletcher John P 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe emerging understanding of macrophage subsets and their functions in the atherosclerotic plaque has led to the consensus that M1 macrophages are pro‐atherogenic while M2 macrophages may promote plaque stability, primarily though their tissue repair and anti‐inflammatory properties. As such, modulating macrophage function to promote plaque stability is an exciting therapeutic prospect. This review will outline the involvement of the different macrophage subsets throughout atherosclerosis progression and in models of regression. It is evident that much of our understanding of macrophage function comes from in vitro or small animal models and, while such knowledge is valuable, we have much to learn about the roles of the macrophage subsets in the clinical setting in order to identify the key pathways to target to possibly promote plaque stability.
GreenCaps: towards solid curing agents for sustainable polyurethane foams
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Marques Ana C , Bordado João C , de Schrijver Aster , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Testing and further investigation of organosilica microspheres functionalized with aqueous glycerol as solid curing agents for polyurethane (PU) foams confirms the potential of these materials to cure better and greener PU foams. The developed microspheres were found to be stable in the foam precursor mixture, allowing handling and mixing of the foam cans, and were shown to provide a slight improvement of the curing speed. The foams obtained from the froth containing the microspheres were found to maintain the level of quality of reference foam samples. Termed “GreenCaps”, these microspheres will subsequently be tested in pre-commercial applications.
The Wear Project
Authors: Malik Nadia 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
When we meet a character in a performance, the implicit understanding is that they have existed until the point where we join their journey and will continue existing after we leave them. Their clothing tells a hi/story to the audience before we hear them speak and before any action takes place. As a Costume Designer and Lecturer, my awareness of costuming as an anthropological practice has led me to explore these principles using myself as the subject of scrutiny. For one year I am logging every clothing combination I go through along with memories, prices, locations and dates, etc. in order to explore the sub/conscious clothing decisions I make and the stories, embedded in my clothes, that I am surrounded by every day. What does my wardrobe mean to me inwardly and reveal to my audience outwardly, and how does this ‘me-search’ extend my artistic practice?
Deixis and personhood: Autism, intersubjectivity, and the fluidity-to-inelasticity hypothesis
Authors: Oakley Todd , Vidanović Đorđe 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe present the broad outlines of theory of intersubjectivity as it pertains to the production and understanding of deixis in discourse produced by two verbal autistic subjects. After a brief philosophical and linguistic overview of deixis, we provide an outline of the intersubjectivity matrix as it normally develops. We then use this framework as a heuristic for assessing the performance of our participants as they conversed with typically developed counterparts about specific video clips. Verbal autists possess many of the intersubjectivity skills required for normal conversation but lack the ability to deploy stable reference points when using the deictic scheme to communicate about situations in which either the topic or the audience are displaced in time and space. We present the Fluidity to Inelasticity Hypothesis (FIH) in which an initially fluid and chaotic use of deictic forms settles into a stable but inflexible deictic scheme.
Monolithic Integration of Diluted-Nitride III–V-N Compounds on Silicon Substrates: Toward the III–V/Si Concentrated Photovoltaics
Authors: Durand O. , Almosni S. , Ping Wang Y. , Cornet C. , Létoublon A. , Robert C. , Levallois C. , Pedesseau L. , Rolland A. , Even J. , Jancu J.M. , Bertru N. , Le Corre A. , Mandorlo F. , Lemiti M. , Rale P. , Lombez L. , Guillemoles J.-F. , Laribi S. , Ponchet A. , Stodolna J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGaAsPN semiconductors are promising material for the development of high-efficiency tandem solar cells on silicon substrates. GaAsPN diluted-nitride alloy is studied as the top-junction material due to its perfect lattice matching with the Si substrate and its ideal bandgap energy allowing a perfect current matching with the Si bottom cell. The GaP/Si interface is also studied in order to obtain defect-free GaP/Si pseudo-substrates suitable for the subsequent GaAsPN top junctions growth. Result shows that a double-step growth procedure suppresses most of the microtwins and a bi-stepped Si buffer can be grown, suitable to reduce the anti-phase domains density. We also review our recent progress in materials development of the GaAsPN alloy and our recent studies of all the different building blocks toward the development of a PIN solar cell. GaAsPN alloy with energy bandgap around 1.8 eV, lattice matched with the Si substrate, has been achieved. This alloy displays efficient photoluminescence at room temperature and good light absorption. An early-stage GaAsPN PIN solar cell prototype has been grown on a GaP(001) substrate. The external quantum efficiency and the
A Comparative Study of Public Libraries in Edinburgh and Copenhagen and Their Potential for Social Capital Creation
Authors: Miller Judith 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPublic libraries have always been under pressure to earn their place in society - but can their benefit to the community be proven? Although the concept of social capital can be traced back to 1916, in the past 10 years social capital theory has been linked increasingly to the public library. Social capital refers to links between people in society - “networks, norms and trust” (Putnam 1996, 34) - which produce positive outcomes for the community as a whole. The purpose of this article is to investigate the library as place and the potential of the public library to create social capital. This comprises the examination of two cases, Edinburgh City Libraries in Edinburgh, Scotland and Kobenhavns Biblioteker in Copenhagen, Denmark in the form of a comparative case study. The methods used to elicit data included qualitative interviews with library managers, observation, and consultation of organizational documentation. The case study was limited by a small sample size, possibility of cultural bias, and lack of generalizability of evidence. Findings show that library staff in Edinburgh and Copenhagen are actively involved in creating social capital in a number of ways: through facilitating or organizing meetings, providing an informal meeting place, forging links between groups in the community, creating a welcoming environment, and by meeting community educational needs. It was found that Copenhagen and Edinburgh share in many characteristics, but have different attitudes to trust. Conclusions demonstrate that three main factors affect the library’s potential to create social capital; the library building and space, the library’s staff and volunteers, and the links that the library has with the community. It is recommended that further research should be carried out in the area of library as place and on the identification of factors generating social capital.
Flexible polyvinyl alcohol/2-hydroxypropanoic acid films: effect of residual acetyl moieties on mechanical, thermal and antibacterial properties
Authors: Hrabalikova Martina , Merchan Martha , Ganbold Solongo , Sedlarik Vladimir , Valasek Pavel , Saha Petr 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This work ascertains the effect of the degree of hydrolysis of polyvinyl alcohol under extended interaction with 2-hydroxypropanoic acid (lactic acid). Systems based on three different types of polyvinyl alcohol matrices (of hydrolysis degree 80, 88 and 98 mol%) and lactic acid were characterized according to their physicochemical, mechanical and thermal properties. An agar diffusion test and the dilution and spread plate technique were conducted to facilitate antibacterial activity to counteract Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A mathematical model was applied to the experimental data to estimate the antibacterial efficacy of the resultant flexible films.
Competition Before Sunset: The Case of the Finnish ATM Market
Authors: Kopsakangas-Savolainen Maria , Takalo Tuomas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe study service fee and network size competition in an ATM market between an incumbent and an independent deployer, and its optimal regulation. We also analyze an actual regulation of such a market by competition authorities in Finland. Compared with the first-best regulation, we find unregulated foreign and interchange fees too high and an unregulated size of the incumbent’s ATM network too small. However, if network sizes cannot be directly regulated, then competitive fees may also be too low from the welfare point of view. The Finnish regulation caps the incumbent’s foreign fee which, according to our model, results in an increased interchange fee and a larger ATM network. In contrast with the actual regulation, it would also be essential to regulate the interchange fee.
Lean Blow-out Studies in a Swirl Stabilized Annular Gas Turbine Combustor
Authors: Mishra R. K. , Kishore Kumar S. , Chandel Sunil 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLean blow out characteristics in a swirl stabilized aero gas turbine combustor have been studied using computational fluid dynamics. For CFD analysis, a 22.5° sector of an annular combustor is modeled using unstructured tetrahedral meshes comprising 1.2 × 10
Low Intake of Vegetables, High Intake of Confectionary, and Unhealthy Eating Habits are Associated with Poor Sleep Quality among Middle‐aged Female Japanese Workers
Authors: Katagiri Ryoko , Asakura Keiko , Kobayashi Satomi , Suga Hitomi , Sasaki Satoshi ,   the Three‐generation Study of Women on Diets and Health Study Group
Published: November 2014

Low Intake of Vegetables, High Intake of Confectionary, and Unhealthy Eating Habits are Associated with Poor Sleep Quality among Middleaged Female Japanese Workers: Ryoko KATAGIRI, et al. Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo—ObjectivesAlthough workers with poor sleep quality are reported to have problems with work performance, few studies have assessed the association between dietary factors and sleep quality using validated indexes. Here, we examined this association using information acquired from validated questionnaires.MethodsA total of 3,129 female workers aged 34 to 65 years were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a self‐administered diet history questionnaire (DHQ), and subjective sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The relationship between the intake of several food groups and nutrients and sleep quality was examined using multivariable logistic regression models. The effect of eating habits on sleep quality was also examined.ResultsPoor sleep quality was associated with low intake of vegetables (p for trend 0.002) and fish (p for trend 0.04) and high intake of confectionary (p for trend 0.004) and noodles (p for trend 0.03) after adjustment for potential confounding factors (age, body mass index, physical activity, depression score, employment status, alcohol intake and smoking status). Poor sleep quality was also significantly and positively associated with consumption of energy drinks and sugar‐sweetened beverages, skipping breakfast, and eating irregularly. In addition, poor sleep quality was significantly associated with high carbohydrate intake (p for trend 0.03).ConclusionsA low intake of vegetables and fish, high intake of confectionary and noodles and unhealthy eating habits were independently associated with poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was also associated with high carbohydrate intake in free‐living Japanese middle‐aged female workers.
Acadêmicos na berlinda ou como cada um escreve a História?: uma reflexão sobre o embate entre historiadores acadêmicos e não acadêmicos no Brasil à luz dos debates sobre Public History
Authors: Malerba Jurandir 
Published: November 2014

Indicadores diversos sugerem uma crescente demanda por história pelo público leigo nos últimos anos, demanda que vem sendo suprida por profissionais não treinados na academia. Os objetivos deste texto são os de pensar o próprio conceito de história pública e sua aplicabilidade no Brasil, assim como analisar três autores leigos que se tornaram best-sellers como escritores de história no Brasil. Nosso argumento é o de que a difusão massiva dessas obras tem implicações de ordem técnica e ética diante das quais cabe aos historiadores treinados no sistema de pós-graduação se manifestar.
Liraglutide Promotes Natriuresis but Does Not Increase Circulating Levels of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Hypertensive Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lovshin Julie A. , Barnie Annette , DeAlmeida Ariana , Logan Alexander , Zinman Bernard , Drucker Daniel J. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE
GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists induce natriuresis and reduce blood pressure (BP) through incompletely understood mechanisms. We examined the effects of acute and 21-day administration of liraglutide on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), urinary sodium excretion, office and 24-h BP, and heart rate (HR).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Liraglutide or placebo was administered for 3 weeks to hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes in a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial in the ambulatory setting. End points included within-subject change from baseline in plasma ANP, Nt-proBNP, office BP, and HR at baseline and over 4 h following a single dose of liraglutide (0.6 mg) and after 21 days of liraglutide (titrated to 1.8 mg) versus placebo administration. Simultaneous 24-h ambulatory BP and HR monitoring and 24-h urine collections were measured at baseline and following 21 days of treatment.

RESULTS
Plasma ANP levels did not change significantly after acute (+16.72 pg/mL, P = 0.24, 95% CI [−12.1, +45.5] at 2 h) or chronic (−17.42 pg/mL, 95% CI [−36.0, +1.21] at 2 h) liraglutide administration. Liraglutide significantly increased 24-h and nighttime urinary sodium excretion; however, 24-h systolic BP was not significantly different. Small but significant increases in 24-h and nighttime diastolic BP and HR were observed with liraglutide. Body weight, HbA1c, and cholesterol were lower, and office-measured HR was transiently increased (for up to 4 h) with liraglutide administration.

CONCLUSIONS
Sustained liraglutide administration for 3 weeks increases urinary sodium excretion independent of changes in ANP or BP in overweight and obese hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes.
Les conditions de l’articulation entre recherche et expertise
Authors: Granjou Céline , Arpin Isabelle , Daccache Michel 
Published: November 2014

L’organisation de l’expertise scientifique à destination politique a donné lieu à toute une littérature normative à la frontière entre sociologie des sciences et sociologie politique. En revanche, rares sont les travaux qui s’attachent à éclairer de manière pragmatique la façon dont les scientifiques s’investissent– ou pas– dans des activités de conseil, de support et d’expertise. À partir de l’exemple du champ de recherches émergent sur la biodiversité, nous entendons ici montrer que l’investissement des chercheurs dans des activités de conseil, support ou expertise à destination des gestionnaires est tout particulièrement lié aux stratégies qu’ils développent, ou pas, pour articuler ces activités avec le reste de leur travail de recherche. Nous nous appuyons ici sur la notion d’articulation telle qu’elle a été développée par Fujimura (1987). Après avoir décrit certaines spécificités des biodiversity studies, nous mettons en lumière deux niveaux conditionnant l’investissement dans l’expertise, le niveau de l’organisation du travail et celui de sa valorisation. Au niveau organisationnel, il s’agit que la réalisation des activités d’expertise puisse être rendue compatible avec la gestion du temps et du personnel de travail ainsi qu’avec l’organisation logistique des investigations empiriques ; au niveau de la valorisation du travail, il s’agit qu’elles puissent s’accompagner de la possibilité de valoriser des résultats par la publication. Ces résultats permettent de nuancer l’idée que les convictions personnelles ou l’ancienneté au sens strict sont les paramètres essentiels de l’investissement des chercheurs dans l’expertise et soulignent le poids des logiques organisationnelles et des impératifs professionnels du monde académique.
Les typologies traditionnelles sont-elles fonctionnelles ?
Authors: Jankowski Frédérique 
Published: November 2014

À partir de données recueillies dans le cadre d’une recherche participative sur la vulnérabilité des sols au Sénégal, le lien existant entre typologie, usages et connaissance des sols agraires est questionné. L’étude décrit la nature distincte des critères utilisés par les agriculteurs pour, d’une part, différencier des types de sols et pour, d’autre part, définir leur qualité et les exploiter. Il apparaît que la seule prise en compte de la typologie locale des sols ne permet pas d’en déduire celle de leurs usages. L’utilisation qui est habituellement faite des typologies locales des sols dans les projets participatifs, relève de différents processus de décontextualisation par rapport : (i)aux usages des sols, (ii) à la dynamique évolutive des typologies et (iii) à l’hétérogénéité des savoirs qui structurent la connaissance locale des sols. Dans cette recherche, la valeur heuristique de la typologie locale des sols est apparue moins en tant que « langage commun », que comme un objet d’apprentissage mutuel entre les scientifiques et les agriculteurs.
Existe-t-il une manière de voir organisationnelle ?
Authors: Grosjean Sylvie 
Published: November 2014

L’objectif de cet article est de saisir les « practices of seeing » s’accomplissant au sein d’une organisation et de suivre la constitution progressive d’une manière de voir organisationnelle soutenant la production de connaissances. Notre étude contribue à l’analyse de « practices of seeing » dans leur dimension située, incarnée et matérialisée. Pour ce faire, nous présenterons une étude ethnographique qui a eu lieu dans une compagnie d’arpentage, au cours de laquelle nous avons observé et filmé les activités quotidiennes de professionnels (techniciens d’arpentage, géomètre, dessinateurs). Nous montrons que le travail d’arpentage repose sur la capacité des acteurs organisationnels à « voir » et « faire voir » des indices pertinents afin de pouvoir produire des connaissances relatives à l’espace sur lequel ils enquêtent. Pour conclure, nous discuterons le fait que les acteurs organisationnels sont engagés dans un travail de fabrication de « prises visuelles » qui leur permet de construire une manière de voir partagée et de produire un jugement sur un terrain donné.
De la période coloniale au développement durable
Authors: Pinton Florence 
Published: November 2014

Cet article se place du côté des « savoirs locaux » sur la nature et retrace les approches menées par l’anthropologie et la sociologie françaises, deux disciplines marquées par la dualité nature/culture. La première partie confronte le regard posé par l’Occident sur ses populations rurales à la pensée coloniale qui a accompagné la naissance de l’anthropologie. La deuxième partie retrace, après la décolonisation, l’émergence d’une vision renouvelée du changement social qui engage différemment l’anthropologie en reliant le développement des sociétés à la problématique des rapports nature/culture. Plusieurs champs de recherche se sont ainsi constitués autour des savoirs traditionnels et des savoirs locaux, confortés par les évolutions sociétales et la constitution de nouveaux objets de gouvernement – biodiversité et agrobiodiversité, déforestation, changement climatique, services écosystémiques – dans lesquels les populations locales et leur savoir sur le vivant sont mis à contribution. Ces évolutions s’insèrent dans un processus de mondialisation du savoir dont la fabrication, la circulation et l’appropriation doivent être interrogées compte tenu de la position relative des pays du Sud qui avancent dans un monde économique et scientifique façonné par les Occidentaux.
La didactique saisie par l’anthropologie
Authors: Doussot Sylvain 
Published: November 2014

La part belle faite aux contextes par les principales approches en didactique de l’histoire est une version du problème général, en sciences sociales, de la dualité contextes/actions. Son rejet peut aider à comprendre certains écarts aux pratiques ordinaires en identifiant l’action comme simultanément déterminée par et déterminante pour le contexte. Une problématique similaire préside à des théories fondamentales des sciences sociales qui visent à rendre compte de l’autonomisation de la science. Les concepts qui en sont issus peuvent donc servir à comprendre didactiquement ce qui se joue en classe, au-delà du singulier des situations. Nous esquissons, à partir d’un cas, les implications de l’usage de la théorie des champs de Bourdieu : penser le passage de la classe d’histoire à un champ historique scolaire donne à voir le processus de différenciation sociale nécessaire à l’élaboration critique du savoir.
La diffusion de savoirs agro-écologiques dans l’état de Oaxaca (Mexique)
Authors: Jankowski Frédérique 
Published: November 2014

À partir d’un projet d’agro-écologie de restauration des sols dans l’État de Oaxaca (Mexique), cette étude décrit les formes concrètes d’articulations entre savoirs scientifiques et savoirs paysans et leurs justifications par des agronomes. Il s’agit de questionner tant les modalités des traductions opérées que les espaces d’incommensurabilité auxquelles elles sont confrontées. L’analyse de deux types de dispositifs pour la diffusion des savoirs agro-écologiques (ateliers de formation et feria de la milpa) montre la mobilisation par les agronomes de valeurs, représentations, pratiques, davantage que des savoirs per se propres aux agriculteurs. Un ensemble de redéfinitions est réalisé au travers de l’articulation des savoirs. La catégorie « savoirs paysans actuels » (qui regroupe selon les agronomes des savoirs nuisibles à l’environnement) apparaît comme une catégorie cognitive « politisée » servant un objectif de transformation socio-environnementale. Il semble que l’une des principales contraintes à la définition de savoirs agro-écologiques véritablement « pluri-épistémologiques » réside dans une conception de la traduction entendue comme un moyen de valoriser, autant que de valider, les savoirs paysans.