bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QT Prolongation, Torsade de Pointes, Myocardial Ischemia From Coronary Vasospasm, and Headache Medications. Part 2: Review of Headache Medications, Drug–Drug Interactions, QTc Prolongation, and Other Arrhythmias
Authors: Stillman Mark J. , Tepper Deborah E. , Tepper Stewart J. , Cho Leslie 
Published: December 2012

Serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine)1B/1D agonists can vasoconstrict coronary and cerebral arteries. Chest, jaw, and arm discomfort, so‐called “triptan sensations,” are often felt to be noncardiac. In Part 1 of this review, the relationship of triptans, coronary artery narrowing, and spasm was discussed, along with a case of a 53‐year‐old woman without cardiac risk factors who developed polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and cardiac ischemia with acquired corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation following oral sumatriptan.In Part 2 of this review, headache medications, drug–drug interactions, QTc prolongation, and cardiac arrhythmias are appraised and discussed. Triptans, cardiac arrhythmias, and ischemia by prescribing information are summarized. The reader is provided tables on QTc prolongation by medication.The problem of QTc prolongation with a variety of headache medications at conventional doses, including triptans, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), other antidepressants, antihistamines, and antinauseants should lead to proactively obtaining electrocardiograms and more vigilant surveillance of headache patients. This may be the place to start in protecting patients from these cardiac adverse events.
In vitroEvaluation of the Torsional Strength Reduction of Neonate Calf Metatarsal Bones with Bicortical Defects Resulting from the Removal of External Fixation Implants
Authors: Brianza Stefano , Vogel Susan , Rothstock Stephan , Desrochers Andrè , Boure Ludovic 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo compare the torsional strength of calf metatarsal bones with defects produced by removal of 2 different implants.Study DesignIn vitromechanical comparison of paired bones with bicortical defects resulting from the implantation of 2 different external fixation systems: the transfixation pin (TP) and the pin sleeve system (PS).Sample PopulationNeonatal calf metatarsal bones (n = 6 pairs).MethodsFrom each pair, 1 bone was surgically instrumented with 2 PS implants and the contralateral bone with 2 TP implants. Implants were removed immediately leaving bicortical defects at identical locations between paired metatarsi. Each bone was tested in torque until failure. The mechanical variables statistically compared were the torsional stiffness, the torque and angle at failure, and work to failure.ResultsFor TP and PS constructs, respectively, there were no significant differences between construct types for any of the variables tested. Mean ± SD torsional stiffness: 5.50 ± 2.68 and 5.35 ± 1.79 (Nm/°),P= .75; torque: 57.42 ± 14.84 and 53.43 ± 10.16 (Nm);P= .34; angle at failure: 14.76 ± 4.33 and 15.45 ± 4.84 (°),P= .69; and work to failure 7.45 ± 3.19 and 8.89 ± 3.79 (J),P= .17).ConclusionsBicortical defects resulting from the removal of PS and TP implants equally affect the investigated mechanical properties of neonate calf metatarsal bones.
Comparative Biomechanical Evaluation of a Pin‐Sleeve Transfixation System in Cadaveric Calf Metacarpal Bones
Authors: Brianza Stefano , Vogel Susan , Rothstock Stephan , Thalhauser Martin , Desrochers Andrè , Boure Ludovic 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo compare proximal fragment displacement and the peri‐implant strain using a pin‐sleeve cast (PSC) system and a transfixation pin cast (TPC) system on a cadaveric calf metacarpal bone fracture model.Study DesignExperimental.Sample PopulationCadaveric calf metacarpal bones (n = 6 pairs).MethodsPaired samples were instrumented with either the TPC or the PSC systems. Strain gauges were applied proximal to the transfixation implants and the bones encased in cast material. The distal part of the construct was removed to mimic an unstable distal comminuted fracture. Constructs were fixed to the material testing machine and initially loaded in axial compression in their elastic range to determine construct stiffness. Constructs were loaded cyclically with a sinusoidal curve that increased until failure. Variables compared statistically between constructs were the initial construct stiffness and, at given load points, the mean metacarpal axial displacement in loading and unloading condition and mean axial strain.ResultsInitial construct mean ± SD axial stiffness was not significantly different between constructs (PSC: 689 ± 258; TPC: 879 ± 306 N/mm). There was no significant difference between either investigated displacements of metacarpal bones transfixed with PSC and those transfixed with TPC at all load points. The PSC constructs had a significant decrease in the recorded mean strain (502 ± 340 μstrain) compared to the TPC construct (1738 ± 2218 μstrain).ConclusionsThe PSC significantly reduced peri‐implant strain with comparable axial displacement to the TPC in cadaveric calf metacarpal bones.
Use of Physiologic and Arterial Blood Gas Variables to Predict Short‐Term Survival in Horses with Large Colon Volvulus
Authors: Kelleher Maureen E. , Brosnan Robert J. , Kass Philip H. , le Jeune Sarah S. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo determine if preoperative physical examination and blood work values, intraoperative physiologic variables, and intraoperative treatments can be correlated with survival to anesthetic recovery and short‐term survival to hospital discharge in horses that undergo exploratory celiotomy for large colon volvulus (LCV) with and without colon resection.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsHorses (n = 156) undergoing exploratory celiotomy for correction of LCV ≥ 360ο.MethodsMedical records (January 2000–December 2009) of horses that had surgical correction of LCV ≥ 360οwere reviewed. Data collection included signalment, preoperative physical examination variables and hematologic values as well as intraoperative physiologic variables, intraoperative treatments, and arterial blood gas values. Risk factors for survival to anesthetic recovery and hospital discharge were determined using exact logistic regression.ResultsHigh preoperative heart rate and packed cell volume were associated with not surviving to anesthetic recovery or hospital discharge. A low intraoperative total serum protein concentration was associated with not surviving to anesthetic recovery or to hospital discharge. Intraoperative tachycardia and hypercapnia were associated with not surviving to hospital discharge. Intraoperative hypotension was a negative predictor of survival to anesthetic recovery. There was no increase in death for horses in which a resection and anastomosis was performed compared with those having manual correction.ConclusionsSeveral hematologic and cardiorespiratory variables that are easily measured preoperatively and intraoperatively show good correlation with postanesthetic survival in horses undergoing surgical correction of LCV. These measurements might be useful for prognosticating survival in horses admitted for correction of LCV ≥ 360ο.
Acknowledgment to Guest Editors and Reviewers (2012)
Authors: Vakharia Asoo J 
Published: December 2012

Decision Sciences (DSJ) formally thanks the consulting associate editors and reviewers who have provided expert direction and advice on a voluntary basis. Through their efforts, the journal is able to provide submitting authors with well‐articulated, constructive, and prompt reviews.The following list acknowledges those who served from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2012. On behalf of the editorial board and the submitting authors, we acknowledge their service to the journal and gratefully appreciate their contributions to our profession.
Creeping Tiger, Soaring Dragon: India, China and Competition in Information Technologies
Authors: Chaudhuri Anindya 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAlthough conventional international economic wisdom holds China's hardware and India's software industries to be equipotential, little attempt has been made to compare their information industries in an overarching dynamic framework. Using a schema that links intellectual to financial value creation, it is found that China has systematically moved ahead in creating a self‐supporting industrial and innovation ecosystem. Hardware enjoys higher barriers to entry, which the Chinese companies are increasingly reinforcing with intellectual property investments. In addition to being better integrated with the global economy, they are also buttressed by the huge domestic market. The overdependence of Indian firms on selling low‐value services to a few countries and insulation from domestic demand make them vulnerable to emerging competition and international economic ill‐winds. The two countries provide a study in contrast on the effects of divergent industrial strategies.
Provincial Output Spillovers in China: Global Vector Autoregressive Approach
Authors: Peng Hui , Kim Bonghan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe paper uses a global vector autoregressive model to examine provincial output spillover effects in China. We find that there are effective output spillovers from Guangdong, Liaoning and Zhejiang to other provinces in China, but trivial effects from Shanghai, Shandong, Sichuan and Xinjiang, and negative effects from Beijing. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Guangdong and Liaoning is the main channel for creating provincial output spillovers, compared with domestic investment and exports. However, FDI spillovers tend to decrease, with spillovers from exports and domestic investment rising over time, so that the spillover effects in Guangdong and Liaoning are non‐persistent and highly volatile. Other channels of output spillover, such as domestic investment, should be enhanced. Impacts of shock from government expenditure on GDP vary significantly across time and provinces; inland and western provinces are most negatively affected. The heterogeneous spillover structure shows that regional policies might achieve better results than nationwide policies in reducing regional disparity.
Comparative assessment of dentition status among poliomyelitis children in Udaipur, India
Authors: Nagarajappa Ramesh , Tak Mridula , Sharda Archana J. , Asawa Kailash , Ramesh Gayathri , Sandesh Nagarajappa 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTTo determine and compare the dental caries experience and treatment needs of children with Poliomyelitis at Udaipur, India. Total sample comprised of 344 children with Poliomyelitis (upper limb disability: 33.4%; lower limb disability: 33.7%; both upper and lower limb disability: 32.8%) in the age group of 12–15 years. Clinical examination included recording Dentition Status and Treatment Needs. Chi‐square test, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple logistic and stepwise linear regressions were used for statistical analysis. The mean decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) score (4.47 ± 3.09) was found to be highest among children with Poliomyelitis having both upper and lower limb impairment (p < .05). Stepwise and logistic regression analysis showed that the best predictors for dental caries were disability, socioeconomic status and snacks in between meals. A significant relationship of dental caries with limb involved in impairment draws immediate attention for a planned approach in improving the oral health.
Restoration of root surface caries in vulnerable elderly patients: a review of the literature
Authors: Amer R. S. , Kolker J.L. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe authors conducted a review to evaluate the current literature addressing root surface caries treatment in the vulnerable elderly, to identify any gaps in the literature that will need to be addressed in the future. The authors conducted a literature search of the electronic databases using MEDLINE, PubMed, to identify original clinical research articles regarding treatment of root caries lesions, with emphasis on research focused on the vulnerable elderly. Five articles were clinical studies of root caries restorations. Only one was conducted on a vulnerable elderly population. The results of the literature review show that there is a need for further studies addressing the restorative needs of the vulnerable elderly. With the aging of the American population, more research is needed to provide adequate care to this population. At this time, glass ionomers are a good treatment option.
Effect of low level laser therapy in the reduction of oral complications in patients with cancer of the head and neck submitted to radiotherapy
Authors: Oton‐Leite Angélica Ferreira , Elias Larissa Santana Arantes , Morais Marília Oliveira , Pinezi Juliana Castro Dourado , Leles Claudio Rodrigues , Silva Maria Alves Garcia Santos , Mendonça Elismauro Francisco 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of low level laser therapy on reducing the occurrence and severity of oral complications in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Sixty head and neck cancer outpatients from a cancer hospital receiving radiotherapy were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. The laser group was irradiated with an InGaAlP laser and the control received sham laser. The assessment of complications (oral mucositis, pain) was carried out one week after starting radiotherapy, and at the fifteenth and thirtieth sessions of radiotherapy. All patients from both groups showed some degree of oral mucositis. Better outcomes were observed in the laser group when compared with the control in the follow‐up sessions, indicating lower degrees of oral mucositis, pain and higher salivary flow (p < .05). These findings support the use of laser therapy as an adjuvant treatment for the control of oral complications.
Public sector performance and decentralization of decision rights
Authors: Aubert Benoit A. , Bourdeau Simon 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn recent years, governments have introduced several reforms, often adopting management mechanisms traditionally associated with the private sector. This article looks specifically at the impact of decision‐rights decentralization, along with accountability mechanisms, on performance. Twenty public sector organizations, experiencing a shift from rule‐based to outcome‐based control mechanisms and benefiting from different levels of autonomy and decision margins, were studied. Results show a link between the degree of power delegation and increased organizational performance. The units benefiting from greater freedom with respect to financial and human resources decisions experienced the greatest margin of performance increase. These findings underline the importance of considering the level at which measures are defined and the elements included in the measurement mechanisms (outcomes or rules).
Democracy and War inEastAsia
Authors: Kivimäki Timo 
Published: December 2012

This article will explore the relationship between democracy and conflict inEastAsia (including currentASEANcountries,China,Japan, theKoreas,EastTimor andMongolia). It will shortly discuss the existing research on the relationship between conflict and peace in East Asia and explain why democracy, as a possible cause of peace, has been hiding from the eye of observers. It will look at developments afterWorldWar II, but will pay special attention to the emergence of relative peace inEastAsia after 1979.The main conclusions of the article are the following:Democracy is associated with peace in a two‐way relationship.This association is neither very systematic nor linear.Countries tend to be more peaceful if they have a Polity2 score above 0 (while in previous studies a more demanding threshold has been found useful).For autocratic regimes the relationship between autocracy and conflict is curvilinear. The most autocratic and the least autocratic autocracies are the least belligerent, while the “murder is in the middle.”
Determining the Crystal Volume Fraction of BS2 Glass by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Optical Microscopy
Authors: Silva Leidiane A. , Mercury José M. R. , Cabral Aluisio A. 
Published: December 2012

In this work, the crystal volume fraction, α(t), of a barium disilicate (BS2) glass‐ceramic was carefully investigated by optical microscopy (OM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). X‐ray diffraction experiment revealed that the reflected peaks of the glass‐ceramic, which was prepared by heat treatment at 1000°C for 12 h, were indexed as the low‐temperature orthorhombic sanbornite mineral phase. This result was confirmed by the refinement of the crystal structure parameters. Bulk samples were then heat‐treated in the range of 760°C to 830°C. In each case, the α(t) values obtained by DSC were higher than those determined by OM due to surface crystallization and the formation of new nuclei during the heating/cooling steps in the DSC experiments. OM and DSC techniques were also used to estimate the number of preexisting nuclei, Nq, in a set of samples heat‐treated at 790°C directly in the DSC furnace. At this temperature, it was found that the Nq obtained directly by OM measurements were in reasonable agreement with those calculated from the combination of overall crystallization with crystal growth kinetics.
Knowledge of sexually transmitted HPV infection, genitoanal warts, cancer and their prevention among young females after vaccine introduction in Germany
Authors: Kuznetsov A.V. , Müller R.A. , Ruzicka T. , Herzinger T. , Kuznetsov L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground  Sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) high‐risk types cause carcinoma and low‐risk types lead to warts of genitoanal area. Since the HPV vaccine has been introduced, awareness of HPV infection, prevention and health‐related behaviour have not been studied in a large sample of young women in Germany.Objectives  Assessment of awareness and health‐related behaviour regarding HPV infection and prevention among young German females.Methods  In 2010, a postal cross‐sectional survey was conducted with a random representative sample size (n = 2000) of females aged 19–35 attending Germany’s largest (comprehensive) university, which was designed to obtain data about socio‐demographics, the awareness of sexually transmitted HPV, genitoanal neoplasms and their prevention, HPV vaccine, immunisation and cervical cancer screening.Results  Of the 547 (27.3%) participants, 69.1% had heard of HPV, 62.5% were aware of the vaccine, 14.4% were vaccinated and 6.9% reported a history of sexually transmitted infection, including HPV (2.7%). The HPV‐related knowledge among those who had heard of it was high (75.1–99.7%), except of that HPV affects men (52.9%) and HPV’s causative role in genital (54.2%) and anal (35.6%) warts, and smoking (11.3%) as an HPV risk factor. The lower HPV knowledge score (<median = 12, ranged 1–17) was predicted by studying social sciences/humanities (OR = 3.68, 95% CI 1.99–6.79) and non‐participation in cervical cancer screening (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.02–4.07).Conclusion  This survey reveals an insufficient HPV awareness and low vaccination prevalence among young German women, underscoring the urgent need for HPV‐related education aimed at reducing the burden of HPV‐induced genitoanal neoplasms.
Decreased abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the gut microbiota of Crohn's disease
Authors: Fujimoto Takehide , Imaeda Hirotsugu , Takahashi Kenichiro , Kasumi Eiji , Bamba Shigeki , Fujiyama Yoshihide , Andoh Akira 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground and AimsDysbiosis is thought to be relevant to the etiology and pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). In this study, we investigated the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, as well as Bilophila wadsworthia, in the gut microbiota of Japanese CD patients.MethodsForty‐seven CD patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Abundance of F. prausnitzii in fecal samples was quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The gut microbiota profile was evaluated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms.ResultsThe abundance of F. prausnitzii significantly decreased in CD patients compared with healthy subjects. B. wadsworthia was scarcely detected in the same samples. Among CD patients, the Crohn's Disease Activity Index, C‐reactive protein levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly lower, and serum albumin levels were significantly higher in the high F. prausnitzii group compared with the low group. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms analysis showed that fecal bacterial communities of CD patients differed from those of healthy individuals. The changes in simulated bacterial composition indicated that class Clostridia, including genus Faecalibacterium, was significantly less abundant in CD patients as compared with healthy individuals. The bacterial diversity measured by the Shannon Diversity Index was significantly reduced in CD patients compared with healthy individuals.ConclusionThe decreased abundance of class Clostridia, including F. prausnitzii, may translate into a reduction of commensal bacteria‐mediated, anti‐inflammatory activities in the mucosa, which are relevant to the pathophysiology of CD. In contrast, the role of B. wadsworthia was suspected to be minimal.
Protective effect of heme oxygenase‐1 on hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury through inhibition of platelet adhesion to the sinusoids
Authors: Tamura Takafumi , Kondo Tadashi , Ogawa Koichi , Fukunaga Kiyoshi , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground and AimHeme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) acts as a protector against hepatic inflammatory injury. HO‐1 catalyzes the conversion of heme protein to biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide. Pro‐inflammatory responses play critical roles in hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury, and carbon monoxide effectively downregulates I/R injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanism by which HO‐1 reduces warm I/R injury.MethodsSprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the 20‐min ischemia group (control group; n = 6) and the 20‐min ischemia with cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP group; n = 6). CoPP is an inducer of HO‐1 in the sinusoids. Kupffer cells were labeled using the liposome entrapment method, and platelets were labeled with rhodamine‐6G. The adherent platelets were observed for up to 120 min after reperfusion by intravital microscopy.ResultsIn the control group, the number of adherent platelets significantly increased than in the CoPP group. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling‐positive cells were observed after 120 min of reperfusion in the control group. They were not observed in the CoPP group. In the CoPP group, serum alanine transaminase and interleukin‐6 levels reduced after reperfusion. Moreover, the flow velocity of platelets in the hepatic sinusoid markedly increased.ConclusionsThis study suggests that HO‐1 inhibits platelet adhesion to sinusoids. Such inhibition leads to the prevention of hepatic I/R injury.