bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of breast cancer in Lynch syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Win Aung Ko , Lindor Noralane M , Jenkins Mark A 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder of cancer susceptibility caused by germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Mutation carriers have a substantial burden of increased risks of cancers of the colon, rectum, endometrium and several other organs which generally occur at younger ages than for the general population. The issue of whether breast cancer risk is increased for MMR gene mutation carriers has been debated with evidence for and against this association.

Methods
Using the PUBMED, we identified all relevant studies of breast cancer associated with Lynch syndrome that were published by 15 December 2012. In the review, we included: (i) molecular studies that reported microsatellite instability and/or immunohistochemistry in breast cancer tumors of MMR gene mutation carriers; and (ii) risk studies that investigated risk of breast cancer for confirmed MMR gene mutation carriers or families or clinically and/or pathologically defined Lynch syndrome families.

Results
We identified 15 molecular studies and, when combined, observed 62 of 122 (51%; 95% CI 42 to 60%) breast cancers in MMR gene mutation carriers were MMR-deficient. Of the 21 risk studies identified, 13 did not observe statistical evidence for an association of breast cancer risk with Lynch syndrome while 8 studies found an increased risk of breast cancer ranging from 2- to 18-fold compared with the general population (or non-carriers). There is only one prospective study demonstrating an elevated risk of breast cancer for MMR gene mutation carriers compared with the general population (standardized incidence ratio 3.95; 95% CI 1.59, 8.13).

Conclusions
Since breast cancer is a relatively common disease in the general population, more precise estimates of risk and gene-specific risks will need to utilize large prospective cohort studies with a long follow-up. While current data are inconclusive at a population level, individual tumor testing results suggest that MMR deficiency is involved with breast cancers in some individuals with Lynch syndrome.
Statins and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Tsan Yu-Tse , Lee Chang-Hsing , Ho Wen-Chao , Lin Meng-Hung , Wang Jung-Der , Chen Pau-Chung 
Published: March 2013

Purpose Statins may have protective effects against cancer, but no studies have focused on their effects in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between use of statins and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HCV-infected patients. Patients and Methods Ours was a population-based cohort study of 260,864 HCV-infected patients enrolled in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database since January 1, 1999, and observed through December 31, 2010. Cox proportional hazards regression with time-dependent covariates for drug exposures was employed to evaluate the association between statin use and HCC risk. Results There were 27,883 cases of HCC in the HCV cohort during a follow-up period of 2,792,016.6 person-years. Among the 35,023 patients using statins (defined as ≥ 28 cumulative defined daily doses [cDDDs]), 1,378 had HCC. Among the 225,841 patients not using statins (< 28 cDDDs), 26,505 were diagnosed with HCC. A dose-response relationship between statin use and HCC risk was observed. The adjusted hazard ratios were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.74), 0.47 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.56), and 0.33 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.42) for patients with 28 to 89, 90 to 180, and > 180 cDDDs per year, respectively, relative to nonusers. The reduction in risk also demonstrated a progressive duration-response relationship in patients with ≥ 28 cDDDs per year when compared with nonusers. Conclusion Among patients with HCV infection, statin use was associated with reduced risk of HCC. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for this effect.
Putting Foreignness to the Test: Rabindranath Tagore's Babu English
Authors: Vadde Aarthi 
Published: March 2013

This article contributes to the forum on original languages by examining debates about reading in translation in comparative literature studies. Traditionally comparative literature has eschewed the study of works in translation, but new interventions in world literature challenge this long held piety. I argue that reading in translation can be a valuable practice for scholars of English and comparative literature alike because it demands that we reconsider the link between the commitment to original languages and the promotion of theories of culture that prize alterity and difference over encounter and intersection. I further suggest that the preference for foreignness and defamiliarization as critical strategies of translation and reading limits the kinds of literary works that constitute postcolonial and world literature canons, particularly in the English language.To illustrate these claims, this essay turns to the career of Rabindranath Tagore, whose auto-translations of many works, including Gitanjali and The Home and the World, render him a bilingual writer of Bengali and English literature. By close reading Tagore's translations and their receptions among early Orientalist and late-twentieth-century critics, I show that his under-appreciated translations are key to understanding the development of his style across both languages. Even more importantly, the reception of his translations as awkward and old-fashioned, or what I call “Babu English,” reveals continuities between Orientalist and postcolonial approaches to the elevation of cultural difference. Tagore's Babu English refers to his uncanny English translations, which are neither fully assimilated to the target language nor assertively foreignized. Their partial domestication shows up the exoticism desired by Orientalist readers and equally challenges the notion of complicity assigned to domesticated translations by contemporary critics. Tagore's English-language works are thus best approached not as timeless works of art, but as untimely translations whose history of circulation, reception, and stylistic change across languages and nations must be made visible in order for Anglophone and Bengali literary history to become more comparative and more entwined.
X-ray Reflectivity Measurements for Freezing Transitions of Alkane Wetting Film on Surfactant Solution Surface
Authors: Matsubara Hiroki , Takaichi Tetsumasa , Takiue Takanori , Tanida Hajime , Uruga Tomoya , Yano Yohko F , Aratono Makoto 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
X-ray reflectivity measurements were applied to hexadecane wetting film on aqueous solutions of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB). In both cases, the monolayers in which oil molecules are penetrated from hexadecane droplets into surfactant-adsorbed films were found at room temperature. Upon cooling, they showed first-order freezing transitions, however, it was also confirmed that the structures of freezing films were qualitatively different: hexadecane molecules were frozen together with CTAB to form mixed solid monolayer in CTAB–hexadecane while the frozen hexadecane monolayer wetted mixed liquid monolayer in TTAB–hexadecane.
Theoretical Study of the Substituent and Solvent Effects on the Reaction Enthalpies of the Antioxidant Mechanisms of Tyrosol Derivatives
Authors: Najafi Meysam , Najafi Mohammad , Najafi Houshang 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In this paper, the study of various ortho- and meta-substituted tyrosol derivatives is presented. The reaction enthalpies related to three antioxidant action mechanisms HAT, SET-PT, and SPLET for substituted tyrosols have been calculated using the DFT/B3LYP method in gas phase and water. Calculated results show that electron-withdrawing substituents increase the bond-dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), and electron-transfer enthalpy (ETE), while electron-donating ones cause a rise in the proton-dissociation enthalpy (PDE) and proton affinity (PA). In the ortho-position, substituents show larger effect on reaction enthalpies than at the meta-position. In comparison to the gas phase, water attenuates the substituent effect on all reaction enthalpies. In the gas phase, BDEs are lower than PAs and IPs, i.e., HAT represents the thermodynamically preferred pathway. On the other hand, SPLET mechanism represents the thermodynamically favored process in water. Results show that calculated enthalpies can be correlated with Hammett constants (σm) of the substituted tyrosols successfully. Furthermore, calculated IP and PA values for substituted tyrosols show linear dependence on the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO).
New Strongly Correlated One-Dimensional Organic Semiconductor (ChTM-TTP)2Ag(CN)2
Authors: Kawamoto Tadashi , Ashizawa Minoru , Mori Takehiko 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Crystal structure, transport, and magnetic properties of a new organic conductor (ChTM-TTP)2Ag(CN)2, where ChTM-TTP is 2-[4,5-(1,2-cyclohexylenedithio)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene]-5-[4,5-bis(methylthio)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene]-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene, have been studied. Although the crystal structure is similar to metallic ChTM-TTP conductors, the present compound is a paramagnetic semiconductor even at room temperature, indicating strongly electron correlation.
Pressure Effect on the Reorientational Correlation Time of Water in Formamide–Water Mixtures at 25 °C
Authors: Okada Masaki , Ibuki Kazuyasu , Ueno Masakatsu 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
NMR spin–lattice relaxation times (T1) for nucleus D of D2O in deuterated formamide (FA-d3)–D2O mixtures were measured up to 80 mol % of FA-d3 at 25 °C under pressure up to 196.1 MPa. To discuss the pressure effect on the dynamic behavior of water molecules in the mixtures, the reorientational correlation times (τc) of D2O molecules were estimated from the quadrupole coupling equation. τc monotonously increased with increasing FA-d3 content at all pressures studied. However, τc apparently decreased with increasing pressure until 20 mol % of FA-d3, while over 40 mol % of FA-d3 the pressure coefficient of τc (∂τc/∂P) became positive and larger with increasing FA-d3 content. A negative pressure coefficient would indicate the existence of three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network structure of water, and a positive one would be ascribed to the strengthening of dipole interactions and hydrogen bonds between FA-d3 and D2O by compression. In order to investigate the pressure effect on the reorientational dynamics of water molecules in detail, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations paying attention to the pressure effect on hydrogen-bonding and dipole interactions.
Liquid-Phase Cyclodimerization of 1,3-Butadiene in a Closed Batch System
Authors: Sun Daolai , Sato Fumiya , Yamauchi Shin-ichi , Yamada Yasuhiro , Sato Satoshi 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Dimerization of 1,3-butadiene was investigated in a closed batch system under high-pressure conditions. 4-Vinylcyclohexene was mainly produced without using any solvents or catalysts at temperatures of 150–215 °C. The conversion of 1,3-butadiene was significantly dependent on the temperature and pressure. 1,3-Butadiene was converted to 4-vinylcyclohexene at selectivity higher than 90 mol % with by-products of 1,5-cyclooctadiene and 1,2-divinylcyclobutane. Large charges of reactant are efficient in achieving high conversions of 1,3-butadiene. Use of solvents, which dilute the reactant and absorb the reaction heat, is not favorable in the present dimerization of 1,3-butadiene under pressured conditions.
Trace elements and bone health
Authors: Zofková Ivana , Nemcikova Petra , Matucha Petr 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The importance of nutrition factors such as calcium, vitamin D and vitamin K for the integrity of the skeleton is well known. Moreover, bone health is positively influenced by certain elements (e.g., zinc, copper, fluorine, manganese, magnesium, iron and boron). Deficiency of these elements slows down the increase of bone mass in childhood and/or in adolescence and accelerates bone loss after menopause or in old age. Deterioration of bone quality increases the risk of fractures. Monitoring of homeostasis of the trace elements together with the measurement of bone density and biochemical markers of bone metabolism should be used to identify and treat patients at risk of non-traumatic fractures. Factors determining the effectivity of supplementation include dose, duration of treatment, serum concentrations, as well as interactions among individual elements. Here, we review the effect of the most important trace elements on the skeleton and evaluate their clinical importance.
Heat-resistant antiflaming and friction mechanisms in nano-Fe2O3-reinforced silicon rubber
Authors: Zhao Bin , Wang Qilei , Jin Lin 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A ferric oxide (Fe2O3)/silicone rubber (SR) composite was prepared to produce a magnetic rubber with good heat-resistant and friction properties: SR and nano-Fe2O3 were used as its raw materials. The heat-resistant, antiflaming, magnetic, and mechanical properties of such composites with different proportions of nano-Fe2O3 were studied. The results showed that the Fe2O3 nanoparticles were uniformly distributed throughout the composites. The physical and mechanical properties of SR were improved when Fe2O3 nanoparticles were added. The maximum elongation and tensile strength of the composites were relatively good when the ratio of Fe2O3 was 20 phr. The heat-resistance and antiflaming properties of SR were improved by adding nano-Fe2O3, which had good combined heat resistance. The friction properties of these composites were optimal at 20 phr addition of nano-Fe2O3, which laid the foundation for further applications of this type of composite in high-temperature sealing and shock absorption environments.
Prediction of the thermal release of transactinide elements (112 ≤Z≤ 116) from metals
Authors: Wittwer David , Dressler Rugard , Eichler Robert , Gäggeler H. W. , Türler Andreas 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMetallic catcher foils have been investigated on their thermal release capabilities for future superheavy element studies. These catcher materials shall serve as connection between production and chemical investigation of superheavy elements (SHE) at vacuum conditions. The diffusion constants and activation energies of diffusion have been extrapolated for various catcher materials using an atomic volume based model. Release rates can now be estimated for predefined experimental conditions using the determined diffusion values. The potential release behavior of the volatile SHE Cn (E112), E113, Fl (E114), E115, and Lv (E116) from polycrystalline, metallic foils of Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W is predicted. Example calculations showed that Zr is the best suited material in terms of on-line release efficiency and long-term operation stability. If higher temperatures up to 2773 K are applicable, tungsten is suggested to be the material of choice for such experiments.
Uranium(VI) solubility in carbonate-free WIPP brine
Authors: Lucchini J. F. , Borkowski Marian , Richmann Michael K. , Reed Donald T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe solubility of uranium(VI) was determined in WIPP-relevant brines as a function of pCH+and ionic strength, in the absence of carbonate. Carbonate concentration was below 2 × 105 M, measured using the gas chromatography method. In the absence of carbonate, the uranium(VI) solubilities were about × 106 M in GWB at pCH+≥7 and about × 108– × 107 M in ERDA-6 brine at pCH+≥8. Solubility of uranium(VI) was also measured in NaCl media at the same levels as in ERDA-6 brine. The data established a uranium solubility that was 10–100 times lower than published results from Diaz-Arocas and Grambow [13], and they are in good agreement with modeling results and other literature data [11,12]. In the absence of carbonate, hydrolysis was the main complexation and precipitation mechanisms for uranium(VI) solubility at high ionic strength and pCH+≥7. However, the effect of borate complexation was noticeable at pCH+∼8–9.
New Reference Curves for Head Circumference at Birth, by Gestational Age
Authors: Barbier Alexandre , Boivin Ariane , Yoon Woojin , Vallerand Danielle , Platt Robert W. , Audibert François , Barrington Keith J. , Shah Prakesh S. , Nuyt Anne Monique ,   the Canadian Neonatal Network
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND:The measurement of head circumference (HC) at birth reflects intrauterine brain development. HC charts currently used in Canada are either dated, mixed-gender, nonrepresentative of lower gestational ages (GAs), or reflective of other populations.METHODS:To create both birth weight and HC curves, we combined weight and HC data from the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) database (admissions in NICUs across Canada) with McGill’s Obstetrical Neonatal Database (MOND; all births at a tertiary hospital in Montreal, Canada). We included CNN data for GAs of 23 to 34 weeks (2003–2007) and MOND data for GAs of 35 to 41 weeks (1995–2006). Nonsingletons, congenital anomalies, and measurements greater than ±4 SD from the mean were excluded. Distributions of birth weight and HC at each GA were statistically (penalized spline regression) smoothed. Birth weight curves were compared with recent Canadian reference curves and HC curves with historical and/or frequently used curves.RESULTS:We included 39 896 births (3121 births at &lt;30 weeks’ GA) to generate the curves. Current weight curves were similar to Canadian reference charts for both genders. Weight and HC measurements in boys were higher than in girls. When classified according to recent international references, the proportion of CNN-MOND infants at ≥32 weeks’ GA with HCs &lt;10th percentile was significantly underestimated. When classified according to historical reference curves, a significant number of CNN-MOND infants of all GAs with HCs &lt;10th and &gt;90th percentiles were misclassified.CONCLUSIONS:We developed recent gender-specific reference curves for HC at birth for singletons at 23 to 41 completed weeks’ GA, which included a large number of very premature infants, reflecting the current geotemporal Canadian population.
School-age Outcomes of Extremely Preterm or Extremely Low Birth Weight Children
Authors: Hutchinson Esther A. , De Luca Cinzia R. , Doyle Lex W. , Roberts Gehan , Anderson Peter J. ,   for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Research is required to monitor changes in the nature of neurobehavioral deficits in extremely preterm (EP) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survivors. This study examines cognitive, academic, and behavioral outcomes at age 8 years for a regional cohort of EP/ELBW children born in 1997.

METHODS:
The EP/ELBW cohort comprised all live births with a gestational age &lt;28 weeks (EP) or birth weight &lt;1000 g (ELBW) born in the state of Victoria, Australia, in 1997. Of 317 live births, 201 (63.4%) survived to 2 years of age. A term/normal birth weight (T/NBW) cohort was recruited comprising 199 infants with birth weights &lt;2500 g or gestational age &lt;37 weeks. Measures of intellectual ability, educational achievement, and behavior were administered at age 8.

RESULTS:
Retention was 94% for the EP/ELBW group and 87% for the T/NBW group. The EP/ELBW group performed poorer than the T/NBW group on measures of IQ, educational achievement, and certain behavioral domains, even after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and exclusion of children with neurosensory impairment. The rate of any neurobehavioral impairment was elevated in the EP/ELBW group (71% vs 42%), and one-half of subjects had multiple impairments. The outcomes for those with &lt;750 g birth weight or &lt;26 weeks' gestational age were similar to those with a birth weight of 750 to 999 g or a gestational age of 26 to 27 weeks, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite ongoing improvements in the management of EP/ELBW infants, the rate of neurobehavioral impairment at school-age remains too high relative to controls.
If You Present will you Publish? An Analysis of Abstracts at the Craniofacial Society of Great Britain and Ireland Conferences 2000–2009
Authors: Moar Kanwalraj , Butterworth Sophie 
Published: March 2013

Objective To assess the number of publications in peer-reviewed journals that are generated from the verbal presentations at the annual conference of the Craniofacial Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Design A list of the verbal presentations (2000 to 2009) was obtained from the Craniofacial Society of Great Britain and Ireland website. Using a web-based PubMed search engine, a search was made using title, key words, and main authors. Main Outcome Measure The primary outcome measure was the presentation's publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Secondary measures included specialty of the first author, the journal in which the article was published and its impact factor, and topic of the article. Results Of 318 verbal presentations, 67 (21.07%) went on to be published in a peer-reviewed journal. By topic, 50.7% were surgical and 12% concerned speech. The first author was in the plastic surgical specialty in 29.9% and in either speech-language therapy or orthodontics in 17.9% each of papers. In addition, 50.7% of papers were published in the The Craniofacial–Cleft Palate Journal. The overall 2-year impact factor was 0.941. Mean lead time to publication was 29.02 months (range, 2 to 110 months). Conclusions The publication rate is low in comparison with the rate of 44.5% given for all specialties in a Cochrane review in 2007. This may be related to the specialist nature of the subject matter or to the type of research presented at the conference and the difficulty in carrying out high-quality research on cleft lip and palate due to limited numbers and a long lead time to outcomes.
The role of occlusal curvatures and maxillary arch dimensions in patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Kanavakis Georgios , Mehta Noshir 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:To identify differences in occlusal curvatures and maxillary arch dimensions between subjects with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders TMDs and asymptomatic subjects.Materials and Methods:One hundred subjects 78 female and 22 male who consented to participate in this research were examined for signs and symptoms of TMDs according to the guidelines of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders RDCTMD. In addition, occlusal measurements were performed for all subjects on plaster models. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 19.Results:Significant associations were revealed between the depth of the curve of Spee COS and temporomandibular joint TMJ sounds. Furthermore, maxillary arch width was negatively correlated to the steepness of the curve of Wilson. No differences were found between subjects with and without a history of orthodontic treatment.Conclusions:Subjects with TMJ sounds tend to have a flatter COS compared to subjects without TMJ sounds.