bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance ofin situpreservation of parathyroid glands during total thyroidectomy
Authors: Lorente-Poch L , Sancho J J , Ruiz S , Sitges-Serra A 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundParathyroid failure is the most common complication after total thyroidectomy but factors involved are not completely understood. Accidental parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autotransplantation resulting in fewer than four parathyroid glands remaining in situ, and intensity of medical treatment of postoperative hypocalcaemia may have relevant roles. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the number of parathyroid glands remaining in situ and parathyroid failure after total thyroidectomy.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing first-time total thyroidectomy were studied prospectively, recording the number of Parathyroid Glands Remaining In Situ (PGRIS = 4 − (glands autografted + glands in the specimen)) and the occurrence of postoperative hypocalcaemia, and protracted and permanent hypoparathyroidism. Demographic, disease-related, laboratory and surgical variables were recorded. Patients were classified according to the PGRIS number into group 1–2 (one or two PGRIS), group 3 (three PGRIS) and group 4 (all four glands remaining in situ), and were followed for at least 1 year.ResultsA total of 657 patients were included, 43 in PGRIS group 1–2, 186 in group 3 and 428 in group 4. The prevalence of hypocalcaemia, and of protracted and permanent hypoparathyroidism was inversely related to the PGRIS score (group 1–2: 74, 44 and 16 per cent respectively; group 3: 51·1, 24·7 and 6·5 per cent; group 4: 35·3, 13·1 and 2·6 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). Intact parathyroid hormone concentrations at 24 h and 1 month were inversely correlated with PGRIS score (P &lt; 0·001). Logistic regression identified PGRIS score as the most powerful variable influencing acute and chronic parathyroid failure. In addition, a normal–high serum calcium concentration 1 month after thyroidectomy influenced positively the recovery rate from protracted hypoparathyroidism in all PGRIS categories.ConclusionIn situ parathyroid preservation is critical in preventing permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy. Active medical treatment of postoperative hypocalcaemia has a positive synergistic effect.
Low expression of chloride channel accessory 1 predicts a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yang Bo , Cao Lin , Liu Jiaen , Xu Yanjie , Milne Gillian , Chan Wanhei , Heys Steven D. , McCaig Colin D. , Pu Jin 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDChloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1) is a CLCA protein that plays a functional role in regulating the differentiation and proliferation of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Here we investigated the relationship between the level of CLCA1 and the prognosis of CRC.METHODSFirst, the level of CLCA1 was detected quantitatively in normal and cancerous colonic epithelial tissues with immunohistochemistry. Next, the correlations between CLCA1 expression, pathological tumor features, and the overall survival rate of patients was analyzed. Finally, 3 publicly available data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus were examined: normal CRC versus early CRC (GSE4107), primary CRC versus metastatic lesions (GSE28702), and low chromosomal instability versus high chromosomal instability (GSE30540).RESULTSThe expression of CLCA1 was decreased markedly in tumor specimens. CLCA1 expression was correlated significantly with the histological grade (P < .01) and lymph node metastasis (P < .01). A significantly poorer overall survival rate was found in patients with low levels of CLCA1 expression versus those with high expression levels (P < .05). The results confirmed that the low expression of CLCA1 in CRC was highly associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and high chromosomal instability. In addition, the loss of CLCA1 disrupted the differentiation of human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco‐2) in vitro.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that CLCA1 levels may be a potential predictor of prognosis in primary human CRC. Low expression of CLCA1 predicts disease recurrence and lower survival, and this has implications for the selection of patients most likely to need and benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer 2015;121:1570–1580. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Image‐based quantification and mathematical modeling of spatial heterogeneity in ESC colonies
Authors: Herberg Maria , Zerjatke Thomas , de Back Walter , Glauche Ingmar , Roeder Ingo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers. This unique property has been extensively studied on the intracellular, transcriptional level. However, ESCs typically form clusters of cells with distinct size and shape, and establish spatial structures that are vital for the maintenance of pluripotency. Even though it is recognized that the cells' arrangement and local interactions play a role in fate decision processes, the relations between transcriptional and spatial patterns have not yet been studied. We present a systems biology approach which combines live‐cell imaging, quantitative image analysis, and multiscale, mathematical modeling of ESC growth. In particular, we develop quantitative measures of the morphology and of the spatial clustering of ESCs with different expression levels and apply them to images of both in vitro and in silico cultures. Using the same measures, we are able to compare model scenarios with different assumptions on cell–cell adhesions and intercellular feedback mechanisms directly with experimental data. Applying our methodology to microscopy images of cultured ESCs, we demonstrate that the emerging colonies are highly variable regarding both morphological and spatial fluorescence patterns. Moreover, we can show that most ESC colonies contain only one cluster of cells with high self‐renewing capacity. These cells are preferentially located in the interior of a colony structure. The integrated approach combining image analysis with mathematical modeling allows us to reveal potential transcription factor related cellular and intercellular mechanisms behind the emergence of observed patterns that cannot be derived from images directly. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
An Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)‐5,6‐Octadecadienoic Acid
Authors: Yu Qiong , Ma Shengming 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA convenient, scalable, and highly enantioselective total synthesis of (R)‐5,6‐octadecadienoic acid was developed by using the recently established ATA (allenylation of terminal alkynes) reaction of TBS‐protected (TBS = tert‐butyldimethylsilyl) propargyl alcohol with n‐dodecanal in the presence of (R)‐α,α‐diphenylprolinol as the chiral source. The axial chirality of the allene unit withstood the many common organic transformations that were needed to achieve the total synthesis with a high ee (enantiomeric excess) value.
Generation and Trapping of Ketenes in Flow
Authors: Henry Cyril , Bolien David , Ibanescu Bogdan , Bloodworth Sally , Harrowven David C. , Zhang Xunli , Craven Andy , Sneddon Helen F. , Whitby Richard J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractKetenes were generated by the thermolysis of alkoxyalkynes under flow conditions, and then trapped with amines and alcohols to cleanly give amides and esters. For a 10 min reaction time, temperatures of 180, 160, and 140 °C were required for >95 % conversion of EtO, iPrO, and tBuO alkoxyalkynes, respectively. Variation of the temperature and flow rate with inline monitoring of the output by IR spectroscopy allowed the kinetic parameters for the conversion of 1‐ethoxy‐1‐octyne to be easily estimated (Ea = 105.4 kJ/mol). Trapping of the in‐situ‐generated ketenes by alcohols to give esters required the addition of a tertiary amine catalyst to prevent competitive [2+2] addition of the ketene to the alkoxyalkyne precursor.
Mother–Daughter Coping and Disordered Eating
Authors: Lantzouni Eleni , Cox Molly Havnen , Salvator Ann , Crosby Ross D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study explores whether the coping style of teenage girls with and without an eating disorder is similar to that of their mothers' (biological and adoptive), and whether teens with disordered eating utilize more maladaptive coping compared with those without. Eating disorder was diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision criteria, and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations was administered to distinguish the coping style of the participants. Our findings suggest that daughters coped very similarly to their mothers in either group. Contrary to previous studies, our sample of teenage girls with eating disorders as well as their mothers utilized less frequently the avoidance–distraction coping compared with the girls without eating disorders and their mothers. These findings reinforce the importance for family involvement and for simultaneous focus on intrapersonal and interpersonal maintenance factors during eating disorder treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Eating Disorder Psychopathology, Brain Structure, Neuropsychological Correlates and Risk Mechanisms in Very Preterm Young Adults
Authors: Micali Nadia , Kothari Radha , Nam Kie Woo , Gioroukou Elena , Walshe Muriel , Allin Matthew , Rifkin Larry , Murray Robin M. , Nosarti Chiara 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the prevalence of eating disorder (ED) psychopathology, neuropsychological function, structural brain correlates and risk mechanisms in a prospective cohort of very preterm (VPT) young adults. We assessed ED psychopathology and neuropsychological correlates in 143 cohort individuals born at <33 weeks of gestation. Structural brain correlates and risk factors at birth, in childhood and adolescence, were investigated using prospectively collected data throughout childhood/adolescence. VPT‐born individuals had high levels of ED psychopathology at age 21 years. Executive function did not correlate with ED symptomatology. VPT adults presenting with ED psychopathology had smaller grey matter volume at age 14/15 years in the left posterior cerebellum and smaller white matter volume in the fusiform gyrus bilaterally, compared with VPT adults with no ED psychopathology. Caesarean delivery predicted engaging in compensatory behaviours, and severe eating difficulty at age 14 years predicted ED symptomatology in young adulthood. VPT individuals are at risk for ED symptomatology, with evidence of associated structural alterations in posterior brain regions. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the pathways that lead from perinatal/obstetric complications to ED and relevant neurobiological mechanisms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Is There Room for Not Knowing “Everything”?
Authors: Johnston Josephine 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis fall, a recurrent theme at the meetings and conferences I attended was the benefit of learning as much as possible about one's genome and the genomes of one's children, including newborn babies. Genetic science is progressing fast, and scientists can now unravel and understand ever more about the tiny ways in which one person's genome differs from another's. This emerging data is useful, the argument goes, because (occasionally now but mainly in the promised near future) it can be used to tailor medical care, make more informed lifestyle choices, and chart a personalized education.From here, a related argument can be developed: that one ought to learn as much as possible about one's genome and the genome of one's children. I keep wondering, however, how well I could actually process all this information and whether much of it would, in fact, help me become a better and healthier person, or a better parent.
Ongoing Controversy over SUPPORT
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt has been a couple of years now since debate erupted over the study known as the Surfactant, Positive Pressure, and Oxygenation Randomized Trial, which sought to gauge the risks and benefits of different blood oxygen levels currently targeted in the care of premature infants. Both articles in this issue of the Hastings Center Report try to take the debate to a new level, but as expressed in the title of one of three commentaries on the articles, the controversy shows no signs of abating.
Safeguarding the Public's Health: Ethical Nursing
Authors: Rushton Cynda Hylton , Broome Marion E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWith the landmark 2010 Future of Nursing report by the Institute of Medicine largely silent about the ethical foundation of nursing and with growing concerns about the prominence of ethical issues that arise for individuals across all roles within nursing, it is clearly time for the profession to pause and consider its ethical foundations anew. In August 2014, fifty nursing leaders participated in the national summit Nursing Ethics for the 21st Century, sponsored by The Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing and Berman Institute of Bioethics. Together, we and our colleagues identified priorities and created a blueprint for the future.
Stability of 13C‐Urea Breath Test Samples Over Time in the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Perets Tsachi Tsadok , Shporn Einav , Boltin Doron , Dickman Ram , Niv Yaron 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundThe accuracy and repeatability of breath test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection have not been adequately investigated. Although it has been shown that storage for long periods does not affect the analysis results, no data are available on the effect of repetitive testing. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the repeatability of the analyses of breath samples at room temperature.MethodsA total of 202 positive breath samples were collected in duplicates, before and after administration of 75 mg 13C‐ urea dissolved in 100 ml of orange juice. Breath test results were expressed as delta 13CO2. The cut‐off value was 3.5 parts per thousand. Each sample was analyzed in a mass spectrometer 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after collection. The accuracy calculation was based on the comparison of the delta 13CO2 obtained in the three consecutive weeks following the first test run to the delta 13CO2 obtained in the first test run.ResultsTwo hundred (99%), 197 (97.52%), and 196 (97%) of the 202 samples tested positive in the second, third, and fourth test runs, respectively. The accuracy of the delta 13CO2 was 98.6%, 99.2%, and 96.7% in the three consecutive runs, respectively.ConclusionShort‐term storage of 1 month does not affect sample stability or the results of 13C‐urea breath tests in up to three consecutive repeats.
Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study on microstructure of gallbladder mucosa in pig
Authors: Prozorowska Ewelina , Jackowiak Hanna 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe present light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies on porcine gallbladder mucosa provide a description of the microstructures of great functional importance such as mucosal folds, the epithelium, glands, and lymphatic nodules. The results showed the regional structural differences of the porcine gallbladder wall. Depending on the part of the gallbladder, three types of mucosal structures were described: simple and branched folds and mucosal crypts. An important structural feature found in the mucosa is connected with the structural variety of type of mucosal folds, which change from simple located in the neck, to most composed, i.e., branched or joined, in the polygonal crypts toward the fundus of the gallbladder. The morphometric analysis showed statistically significantly differences in the form and size of the folds and between the fundus, body, and neck of the gallbladder. Differences in the size of mucosal epithelium are discussed in terms of processes of synthesis and secretion of glycoproteins. Regional, species‐specific differences in morphology of mucosal subepithelial glands, i.e., their secretory units and openings, and intensity of mucus secretion were described.Our results on the pig gallbladder show adaptation and/or specialization in particular areas of the mucosa for (1) secretion of mucus in the neck or body of gallbladder and (2) for cyclic volume changes, especially in the fundus of gallbladder. The description of the microstructures of mucosa in the porcine gallbladder could be useful as reference data for numerous experiments on the bile tract in the pig. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:220–229, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of autumn tillage and residue management on soil respiration in a long‐term field experiment in Sweden
Authors: Kainiemi Veera , Arvidsson Johan , Kätterer Thomas 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSeveral previous field studies in temperate regions have shown decreased soil respiration after conventional tillage compared with reduced or no‐tillage treatments. Whether this decrease is due to differences in plant residue distribution or changes in soil structure following tillage remains an open question. This study investigated (1) the effects of residue management and incorporation depth on soil respiration and (2) biological activity in different post‐tillage aggregates representing the actual size and distribution of aggregates observed in the tilled layer. The study was conducted within a long‐term tillage experiment on a clay soil (Eutric Cambisol) in Uppsala, Sweden. After 38 y, four replicate plots in two long‐term treatments (moldboard plowing (MP) and shallow tillage (ST)) were split into three subplots. These were then used for a short‐term trial in which crop residues were either removed, left on the surface or incorporated to about 6 cm depth (ST) or at 20 cm depth (MP). Soil respiration, soil temperature, and water content were monitored during a 10‐d period after tillage treatment. Respiration from aggregates of different sizes produced by ST and MP was also measured at constant water potential and temperature in the laboratory. The results showed that MP decreased short‐term soil respiration compared with ST or no tillage. Small aggregates (< 16 mm) were biologically most active, irrespective of tillage method, but due to their low proportion of total soil mass they contributed < 1.5% to total respiration from the tilled layer. Differences in respiration between tillage treatments were found to be attributable to indirect effects on soil moisture and temperature profiles and the depth distribution of crop residues, rather than to physical disturbance of the soil.
Familial aggregation of Parkinson's disease in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Petersen Maria Skaalum , Bech Sara , Nosova Ekaterina , Aasly Jan , Farrer Matthew J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Faroe Islands are a geographic population isolated in the North Atlantic with a high prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although environmental risk factors are well described, the familial aggregation of PD on the Islands has yet to be explored. Complete ascertainment of all patients with PD was performed, including 217 cases and 251 control subjects. All patients were neurologically assessed and diagnosed using UK Brain Bank criteria and Hohn and Yahr staging. Comprehensive genealogical and detailed cartographic analyses were performed. Relative risk and risk ratios were calculated with respect to the general population. Patients with PD in the Faroes have a higher age at symptom onset and diagnosis than for neighboring countries. Clinically, patients are similar; however, they are more likely to have affected relatives than randomly selected control subjects, matched by sex and age. Disease is most prevalent within two geographic regions. Overall, the relative risk for PD was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2‐4.3; P = 0.008) for siblings and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.01‐1.99, P = 0.04) for first cousins. The etiology and excess prevalence of PD on the Faroes is complicated. Regional and familial clustering, and subsequent segregation analysis, suggests the disease best fits a genetic etiology with limited support for an environmental contribution. Pedigree‐based analysis of PD on the Faroe Islands which has few founders and a relatively homogeneous background may elaborate on these possibilities and their joint contribution. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Nanorippling of ion irradiated GaAs (001) surface near the sputter‐threshold energy
Authors: Chowdhury Debasree , Ghose Debabrata , Mollick Safiul Alam , Satpati Biswarup , Bhattacharyya Satya Ranjan 
Published: January 2015

Ripple formation driven by Ehrlich–Schwoebel barrier is evidenced for normal incidence 30 eV Ar+ bombardment of GaAs (001) surface at elevated target temperature. The pattern follows the twofold symmetry of the bombarded crystal surface. The ridges of the ripples are found to align along the direction. The results are described by a non‐linear continuum equation based on biased diffusion of adspecies created by ion impact. Ripple topography on ion bombarded GaAs (001) surface: AFM image (left panel) and XTEM image (right panel).
Representation of daytime moist convection over the semi‐arid Tropics by parametrizations used in climate and meteorological models
Authors: Couvreux F. , Roehrig R. , Rio C. , Lefebvre M.‐P. , Caian M. , Komori T. , Derbyshire S. , Guichard F. , Favot F. , D'Andrea F. , Bechtold P. , Gentine P. 
Published: January 2015

A case of daytime development of deep convection over tropical semi‐arid land is used to evaluate the representation of convection in global and regional models. The case is based on observations collected during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) field campaign and includes two distinct transition phases, from clear sky to shallow cumulus and from cumulus to deep convection. Different types of models, run with identical initial and boundary conditions, are intercompared: a reference large‐eddy simulation (LES), single‐column model (SCM) version of four different Earth system models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 exercise, the SCM version of the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts operational forecast model, the SCM version of a mesoscale model and a bulk model. Surface fluxes and radiative heating are prescribed preventing any atmosphere–surface and cloud–radiation coupling in order to simplify the analyses so that it focuses only on convective processes. New physics packages are also evaluated within this framework.As the LES correctly reproduces the observed growth of the boundary layer, the gradual development of shallow clouds, the initiation of deep convection and the development of cold pools, it provides a basis to evaluate in detail the representation of the diurnal cycle of convection by the other models and to test the hypotheses underlying convective parametrizations. Most SCMs have difficulty in representing the timing of convective initiation and rain intensity, although substantial modifications to boundary‐layer and deep‐convection parametrizations lead to improvements. The SCMs also fail to represent the mid‐level troposphere moistening during the shallow convection phase, which we analyse further. Nevertheless, beyond differences in timing of deep convection, the SCM models reproduce the sensitivity to initial and boundary conditions simulated in the LES regarding boundary‐layer characteristics, and often the timing of convection triggering.