bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating dynamic structural and mechanical changes of neuroblastoma cells associated with glutamate-mediated neurodegeneration
Authors: Fang Yuqiang , Iu Catherine Y. Y. , Lui Cathy N. P. , Zou Yukai , Fung Carmen K. M. , Li Hung Wing , Xi Ning , Yung Ken K. L. , Lai King W. C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGlutamate-mediated neurodegeneration resulting from excessive activation of glutamate receptors is recognized as one of the major causes of various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms in the neurodegenerative process remain unidentified. Here, we investigate the real-time dynamic structural and mechanical changes associated with the neurodegeneration induced by the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (a subtype of glutamate receptors) at the nanoscale. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is employed to measure the three-dimensional (3-D) topography and mechanical properties of live SH-SY5Y cells under stimulus of NMDA receptors. A significant increase in surface roughness and stiffness of the cell is observed after NMDA treatment, which indicates the time-dependent neuronal cell behavior under NMDA-mediated neurodegeneration. The present AFM based study further advance our understanding of the neurodegenerative process to elucidate the pathways and mechanisms that govern NMDA induced neurodegeneration, so as to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Probabilistic forecasting and the reshaping of flood risk management
Authors: Michaels Sarah 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Advances in probabilistic forecasting, notably based on ensemble prediction systems, are transforming flood risk management. Four trends shaping the assimilation of probabilistic flood forecasting into flood risk management are longer forecasting lead times, advances in decision-making aids, inclusion of probabilistic forecasting in hazard mitigation and collaboration between researchers and managers. Confronting how to use probabilistic flood forecasts to make binary management decisions for reducing flood losses requires developing institutional capacity while acknowledging flood risk estimation is one component of decision making under uncertainty in an evolving policy landscape.
Experimental Assessment of Circle Hook Performance and Selectivity in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Recreational Reef Fish Fishery
Authors: Garner Steven B. , Patterson William F. , Porch Clay E. , Tarnecki Joseph H. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Circle hooks are required when targeting reef fishes in the U.S. federal waters of the Gulf of Mexico. However, limited data is available to evaluate circle hook performance (e.g., hooking location and catch rate) or selectivity in this fishery. Therefore, a fishing experiment was conducted to test the performance of a range of circle hook sizes (2/0 and 4/0 Mustad 39940BLN and 9/0, 12/0, and 15/0 Mustad 39960D) in the recreational reef fish fishery, as well as to estimate hook selectivity directly for Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus, the most targeted reef fish in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Reef fish communities were surveyed with a micro remotely operated vehicle equipped with a laser scaler and then fished with one of five circle hook sizes. Hooking location typically was in the jaw for all hooks examined, with the mean percentage of jaw hooking being 94.1% for all reef fishes and 92.9% for Red Snapper. Fish size generally increased with hook size but at the cost of a reduced catch rate. The percentage of the catch constituted by Red Snapper decreased from 73% for 2/0 hooks to 60% for 9/0 hooks but then increased to 84% for 15/0 hooks. Dome shaped (exponential logistic) selectivity functions resulted when fitting candidate models to hook specific Red Snapper size at catch and remotely operated vehicle laser scaled size distribution data. While Red Snapper median size at full selectivity increased with circle hook size, the difference in that parameter between the smallest and largest hooks was only 66 mm, or a difference of approximately one age class. Results of this study suggest that mandating the use of large (e.g., ≥12/0) circle hooks would have relatively little effect on either Red Snapper catch rate or selectivity but would decrease the catch rate for other reef fishes, which would be problematic during closed Red Snapper seasons when fishermen attempt to target other species.
Received February 19, 2014; accepted July 29, 2014
The Victor C++ library for protein representation and advanced manipulation
Authors: Hirsh Layla , Piovesan Damiano , Giollo Manuel , Ferrari Carlo , Tosatto Silvio C. E. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Protein sequence and structure representation and manipulation require dedicated software libraries to support methods of increasing complexity. Here, we describe the VIrtual Constrution TOol for pRoteins (Victor) C++ library, an open source platform dedicated to enabling inexperienced users to develop advanced tools and gathering contributions from the community. The provided application examples cover statistical energy potentials, profile–profile sequence alignments and ab initio loop modeling. Victor was used over the last 15 years in several publications and optimized for efficiency. It is provided as a GitHub repository with source files and unit tests, plus extensive online documentation, including a Wiki with help files and tutorials, examples and Doxygen documentation.
Availability and implementation: The C++ library and online documentation, distributed under a GPL license are available from URL: http://protein.bio.unipd.it/victor/.
Contact: silvio.tosatto@unipd.it
Descent pathways
Authors: Floyd Joshua , Slaughter Richard A. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this special issue is first to highlight the need for wider understanding of the “civilisational challenge” facing humanity, as it encounters and then exceeds significant limits to growth. The second is to present material that provides grounds for developing effective responses.Design/methodology/approach– The issue draws on evidence from previous research, economic modelling and a range of other sources to investigate the hypothesis that humanity is heading towards an “overshoot and collapse” future. It further suggests that a useful way of responding is to explore the possibility that the prospect of collapse can be moderated or avoided through a process of “conscious descent.”Findings– The main findings are that a very wide spectrum of policies, actions, strategies and options is available that can and should be used to help us avoid the most disastrous manifestations of “overshoot and collapse.” Yet there are also many barriers and impediments that continue to inhibit effective responses. This means that the process of coming to grips with the “civilisational challenge” will take longer and become increasingly costly. Denialism and short term thinking remain embedded in dominant institutions and mainstream practice. Currently, vastly more is miss-spent on various perverse incentives (e.g. advertising, the funding of denial, fossil fuel subsidies) than on securing the future of civilisation. This can be seen as a consequence of outdated values and inadequate worldviews.Research limitations/implications– The contributions here represent a sample from within a rapidly expanding field of enquiry and action. They should therefore be seen as indicating the need for further high quality investigation, work and action. The main implication is that this process needs to be taken seriously, properly resourced and eventually transformed into a mainstream social project.Originality/value– The papers are contributions to an in-depth understanding of a complex and evolving situation. Their value lies in the fact that greater understanding and a commitment to early action are among the most productive investments available to societies vulnerable to the systemic threats outlined here. As such, the special issue evokes a fundamental tenet of foresight work in general. Or to put this in the words of Bertrand de Jouvenel, “the proof of improvidence lies in falling under the empire of necessity.”
Future Earth: declining energy use and economic output
Authors: Moriarty Patrick , Honnery Damon 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to show that the observed strong link between global economic output and primary energy use will continue in future; and attempts to replace fossil fuels with alternative energy sources or implementing CO2 removal or geoengineering approaches cannot provide the level of clean energy that economic growth needs. Global economic growth, therefore, is unlikely to continue for much longer.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper uses historical and recent global data (2012) for energy output from various sources, economic output and CO2, emissions to make its case.

Findings
– Alternative energy output is growing too slowly, and faces too many problems, to significantly change the energy mix in the coming decades. Continued use of fossil fuels requires either massive CO2 removal/sequestration or global solar radiation management (SRM). The first is too expensive and would take decades to be significant, the second carries risks, some already known and possibly also unknown ones.

Practical implications
– The paper makes the case that technical fixes such as alternative fuels, energy efficiency improvements, carbon dioxide capture and SRM will not be sufficient to prevent global climate change.

Social implications
– Social change, rather than reliance on technical fixes, is needed for ecologically sustainable economies.

Originality/value
– Most research argues that global energy intensity and carbon intensity will continue to fall. In contrast, we argue that the strong link observed between global economic output and primary energy use will most likely continue.
Conjuring clean energy: exposing green assumptions in media and academia
Authors: Zehner Ozzie 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– This research presents uncomfortable questions about the viability of alternative energy technologies, which arise during economic contraction and degrowth but are scarcely addressed within media and academia.Design/methodology/approach– The author identifies and graphically illustrates differences between media expectations for renewable energyproductionversus energyreductionstrategies. The author contrasts green energy expectations with material factors to develop unasked questions about potential: urban myths (e.g. solar cells are made from sand), assumptions (e.g. alternative energy is of comparable quality to fossil fuel energy and can offset its use), strategic ignorance (e.g. solar cost drops reflect Moore’s law), and trained incapacity (e.g. solar and wind energy is low- or zero-carbon).Findings– Compared to energyreductioncoverage, journalists cover energyproductionusing 1) more character-driven storytelling, 2) about twice the promising language, and 3) far more references to climate change and energy independence. These observations help loosely illustrate a pervasive energy production ethos, a reflexive network including behaviors, symbols, expectations, and material conditions.Social implications– Fascination with alternative energy may serve as a form of techno-denial to avoid facing the uncertain but inevitable end of growth in consumption and population on our finite planet.Originality/value– This paper offers journalists, policymakers, researchers, and students new, unasked, questions regarding the expectation that alternative energy technologies can replace fossil fuel. For instance, if wind and sunlight are free, why are wind and solar energies so expensive, requiring billions in subsidies? Where do solar cell and wind turbine costs ultimately arise, if not from fossil fuels (via labor, materials, etc.)?
Siblings of individuals with severe mental illness
Authors: Sin Jacqueline , Spain Debbie , Jordan Cheryl , A. Griffiths Christopher 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The importance of providing information, support and interventions for family members and carers of people who have severe mental illness (SMI) has garnered increasing attention in recent years. However, research to date has primarily focused on parents; the purpose of this paper is to review the literature investigating the experiences of siblings of individuals who have SMI.

Design/methodology/approach
– A literature review was undertaken to summarise the empirical data regarding the experiences and needs of siblings, and their potential contribution to supporting their siblings’ recovery journey.

Findings
– Sibling views, experiences and needs have thus far been little explored. Yet siblings often make significant contributions to their brother's/sister's care and social and emotional well-being, and their support can positively shape the recovery trajectory. This review finds that siblings require information and support for two reasons: to maintain their own well-being, and to be able to best support their sibling with SMI and the family as a whole. Several implications for clinical practice, workforce development and research are outlined.

Originality/value
– This paper provides a timely review of the literature to enhance awareness of the needs and experiences of siblings for health and social care professionals. Examples of good practice are proposed for statutory and voluntary service settings.
The dark side of effectiveness – risk and crisis as the “destroyer of worlds”
Authors: Fischbacher-Smith Denis 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This paper considers the dark side of organisational effectiveness and the processes by which and organisation can move into a state of crisis. The paper sets out a series of arguments around the relationships between people and processes and the manner in which they contribute to the incubation of crises within organisations. The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to many of the issues that are raised in this issue of the journal and calls for more research that explores the relationships between effectiveness and failure.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper draws upon a range of literatures to set out the case for considering the negative aspects that surround organisational attempts at achieving effectiveness. In particular, it considers the role of both people and processes in a symbiotic relationship within the incubation of crisis. The paper highlights the importance of innovative practices in bypassing organisational controls.

Findings
– The paper outlines issues around management practices that serve to focus the attention of practitioners on the ways in which they can contribute inadvertently to the failure of the organisation. In particular, it highlights some of the potential vulnerabilities that can exist within the organisation and which, if unchecked, will result in failure.

Originality/value
– The paper highlights the need for further research within the field of organisational effectiveness around the ways in which crises can be incubated as part of the normal processes around effective working.
Application of an enzyme‐labeled antigen method for visualizing plasma cells producing antibodies against Strep A, a carbohydrate antigen of Streptococcus pyogenes, in recurrent tonsillitis
Authors: Onouchi Takanori , Mizutani Yasuyoshi , Shiogama Kazuya , Inada Ken‐ichi , Okada Tatsuyoshi , Naito Kensei , Tsutsumi Yutaka 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTStreptococcus pyogenes is the main causative pathogen of recurrent tonsillitis. Histologically, lesions of recurrent tonsillitis contain numerous plasma cells. Strep A is an antigenic carbohydrate molecule on the cell wall of S. pyogenes. As expected, plasma cells in subjects with recurrent tonsillitis secrete antibodies against Strep A. The enzyme‐labeled antigen method is a novel histochemical technique that visualizes specific antibody‐producing cells in tissue sections by employing a biotin‐labeled antigen as a probe. The purpose of the present study was to visualize plasma cells producing antibodies reactive with Strep A in recurrent tonsillitis. Firstly, the lymph nodes of rats immunized with boiled S. pyogenes were paraformaldehyde‐fixed and specific plasma cells localized in frozen sections with biotinylated Strep A. Secondly, an enzyme‐labeled antigen method was used on human tonsil surgically removed from 12 patients with recurrent tonsillitis. S. pyogenes genomes were PCR‐detected in all 12 specimens. The emm genotypes belonged to emm12 in nine specimens and emm1 in three. Plasma cells producing anti‐Strep A antibodies were demonstrated in prefixed frozen sections of rat lymph nodes, 8/12 human specimens from patients with recurrent tonsillitis but not in two control tonsils. In human tonsils, Strep A‐reactive plasma cells were observed within the reticular squamous mucosa and just below the mucosa, and the specific antibodies belonged to either IgA or IgG classes. Our technique is effective in visualizing immunocytes producing specific antibodies against the bacterial carbohydrate antigen, and is thus a novel histochemical tool for analyzing immune reactions in infectious disorders.
Sensitivity analysis of a small‐volume objective heat stability evaluation test for recombined concentrated milk
Authors: Kasinos Marios , Karbakhsh Rafat R. , Van der Meeren Paul 
Published: November 2014

To quantify the stability towards heat coagulation, an objective test method was developed. The combined use of emulsion preparation by microfluidisation and heat stress by immersion of capped samples in an oil bath enabled small‐volume heat stability evaluation of milk formulations. From experimental data, it became obvious that a heating period of about 9 min was necessary for the samples to acquire the requested temperature (i.e. 121 °C). Similarly, both viscosity and particle size analyses showed an increased aggregation tendency when samples were heated for longer than 10 min, whereby their positioning and the cooling medium seemed to have an insignificant effect.
Twice‐Monthly Administration of a Lower Dose of Epoetin Beta Pegol Can Maintain Adequate Hemoglobin Levels in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Morikami Yuki , Fujimori Akira , Okada Shioko , Kumei Mai , Mizobuchi Noriko , Sakai Makoto 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEpoetin beta pegol is a continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) with a long half‐life. Although CERA has been shown to maintain adequate hemoglobin (Hb) levels at prolonged dosing intervals, the optimal dosing schedule remains unclear. We therefore compared the efficacy of maintaining hemoglobin levels with administration of twice‐monthly CERA (TWICE) versus once‐monthly CERA (ONCE). Twenty hemodialysis patients receiving epoetin beta (EPO) were enrolled in this crossover study. Patients were assigned to either the TWICE or the ONCE group based on matching Hb levels and EPO doses. After 6 months of treatment, the CERA dosage was interchanged between the groups and the study was continued for an additional 6 months. The effect of the different regimens on iron metabolism was also assessed during the first 6 months of the study. Hb levels significantly increased in the TWICE group, allowing for a reduction in CERA dosage, while the dose of CERA required to maintain Hb levels in the ONCE group remained unchanged. After the interchange, a decrease in Hb levels with incremental increase in CERA dosage was observed in the TWICE→ONCE group, with the opposite effect observed in the ONCE→TWICE group. Although increases in ferritin and hepcidin‐25 levels in the ONCE group were noted at one month, they disappeared at 6 months. Although Hb levels were maintained in both the ONCE and TWICE groups, a twice‐monthly administration was advantageous, as it required a lower dose of CERA.
Accounting Conservatism and Stock Price Crash Risk: Firm‐level Evidence
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Bon , Zhang Liandong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUsing a large sample of U.S. firms during 1964–2007, we find that conditional conservatism is associated with a lower likelihood of a firm's future stock price crashes. This finding holds for multiple measures of conditional conservatism and crash risk and is robust to controlling for other known determinants of crash risk and firm‐fixed effects. Moreover, we find that the relation between conservatism and crash risk is more pronounced for firms with higher information asymmetry. Overall, our results are consistent with the notion that conditional conservatism limits managers’ incentive and ability to overstate performance and hide bad news from investors, which, in turn, reduces stock price crash risk.
Does the Identity of Engagement Partners Matter? An Analysis of Audit Partner Reporting Decisions
Authors: Robert Knechel W. , Vanstraelen Ann , Zerni Mikko 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study examines the persistence and economic consequences of variations in reporting style across audit partners in individual engagements. Our results show that both aggressive and conservative audit reporting, measured by the pattern of prior Type 2 and Type 1 audit reporting error rates in auditor‐specific clienteles, persist over time and extend to other clients of the same partner. Analyses of abnormal accruals and persistence of client firms’ accrual estimates corroborate this finding, and hold both for private and publicly listed companies. Further, our results also show that the market penalizes client firms susceptible to aggressive audit partner reporting decisions. In particular, we find that our proxies for aggressive audit reporting are related to higher interest rates, worse credit ratings and less favorable forecasts of insolvency for private client companies, and a lower Tobin's Q for publicly listed client companies. Collectively, these results imply that audit partner aggressive or conservative reporting is a systematic audit partner attribute and not randomly distributed across engagements.
Irisin is associated with osteoporotic fractures independently of bone mineral density, body composition or daily physical activity
Authors: Palermo Andrea , Strollo Rocky , Maddaloni Ernesto , Tuccinardi Dario , D'Onofrio Luca , Briganti Silvia Irina , Defeudis Giuseppe , De Pascalis Mariangela , Lazzaro Maria Concetta , Colleluori Georgia , Manfrini Silvia , Pozzilli Paolo , Napoli Nicola 
Published: November 2014

SummaryBackgroundAlthough there is an evidence of correlation between irisin and osteoporotic fractures, previous studies have not elucidated the relationship between irisin and either lean or fat mass. The main aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between irisin and body composition in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and the impact of irisin levels on fragility vertebral fractures.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 36 overweight subjects affected by at least one vertebral osteoporotic fracture confirmed by an X‐ray vertebral morphometry and 36 overweight nonosteoporotic subjects were enrolled. Serum irisin levels were measured using an irisin competitive ELISA. We evaluated lumbar spine and hip BMD and body composition using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. To measure and monitor daily physical activity, each subject wore an armband for approximately 72 h.ResultsNo significant correlations were found between irisin and BMD at any site and between irisin with either lean or fat mass. Serum levels of irisin were not correlated with the daily physical activity. Serum irisin levels were lower in subjects with previous osteoporotic fractures than in controls (P = 0·032), and the difference in irisin levels remained significant after adjustment for creatinine (P = 0·037), vitamin D (P = 0·046), lean mass (P = 0·02), lumbar BMD (P = 0·023) and femoral BMD (P = 0·032).ConclusionOur data confirm an inverse correlation between irisin levels and vertebral fragility fractures, but no significant correlation was found with BMD or lean mass. Irisin may play a protective role on bone health independent of BMD but further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between irisin and bone metabolism.