bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early predictive value of ultrasound measurements of rectus femoris cross-sectional area to diagnose ICU-acquired weakness in patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yao Huiming , Zhang Jie , Jiang Rong , Xie Qian , Zhou Chaoqi , Yang Yuting , Zeng Zhenguo , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The diagnosis of ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) may be delayed due to the complexity of critically ill patients. This study aimed to investigate the value of ultrasound measurements of rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFCSA) in predicting ICUAW in patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h. RFCSA was measured using ultrasound in patients upon ICU admission and followed until discharge. Using the Medical Research Council score as the gold standard, we evaluated the diagnostic value of ultrasound measurements in predicting ICUAW. Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to evaluate and compare the length of ICU stay and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation between patients with and without ICUAW.

Results
Among the 76 patients, 34 (44.7%) were diagnosed with ICUAW using the Medical Research Council score as the gold standard. The RFCSA atrophy rate between day 1 and day 3 was significantly higher in the ICUAW group (7.9 ± 2.8% vs. 4.3 ± 2.1%, p < 0.001). By utilizing a cutoff point of 6.9%, we discovered that the RFCSA atrophy rate exhibited excellent diagnostic accuracy in predicting ICUAW, with a sensitivity of 76.5% and specificity of 92.9%. In ICUAW patients diagnosed based on an RFCSA atrophy rate, the proportion of patients with an ICU stay longer than 14 days was 42.9%, which was significantly higher compared to 22.9% in the non-ICUAW group (HR: 1.768; 95% CI 1.128–2.772; p = 0.006). Similarly, the proportion of patients continuing mechanical ventilation at 14 days was 28.6% versus 4.2% between the two groups (HR: 1.988; 95% CI 1.266–3.120; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Ultrasound measurements of RFCSA provide a reliable method for diagnosing ICUAW and indicating prognosis in patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation.
Sustained metabolic dysregulation and the emergence of diabetes: associations between HbA1c and metabolic syndrome components in Tunisian diabetic and nondiabetic groups
Authors: Wisniewski Adriana , DeLouize Alicia M. , Walker Tian , Chatterji Somnath , Naidoo Nirmala , Kowal Paul , Snodgrass J. Josh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), diabetes, and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have been a major focus of research in recent decades as the prevalence of these conditions continues to rapidly increase globally. However, the timing and patterns of development from metabolic risk factors to disease states are less well understood and are especially critical to understand in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and populations undergoing epidemiological transitions.

Methods
Nationally representative sociodemographic, anthropometric, and point-of-care biomarker data from the 2016 Tunisian Health Examination Survey (n = 8170) were used to determine the prevalence of diabetes and MetS components in Tunisia and to investigate associations between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and MetS components (blood pressure [BP], HDL cholesterol [HDL], triglycerides [TG], and waist circumference [WC]) in participants aged 15-97 years old. To better understand how sustained metabolic dysregulation and disease states impact these associations, diabetic and nondiabetic groups were analyzed separately.

Results
The overall prevalence of diabetes based on measured HbA1c was 18.2%. The diabetic groups had a higher prevalence of each individual MetS component, and significantly higher (BP, TG, WC, and HbA1c) and lower (HDL) values than the nondiabetic groups. Yet, there were a higher number of significant associations between HbA1c and MetS components found in nondiabetic women and men when compared to diabetic women and men. HbA1c was positively associated with the cumulative number of MetS components, irrespective of diabetes status in men and women.

Conclusions
The prevalence of both diabetes and MetS components (particularly low HDL cholesterol and elevated TG) is high among the Tunisian population. More MetS components were associated with HbA1c in nondiabetic individuals, showing a strong connection between the development of MetS components and diabetes. However, once the diabetes disease state manifests, there is more variability in the relationships. These results show the potential for HbA1c to be an indicator of metabolic health below clinical disease cutoffs, which may allow insights into the physiological changes that precipitate the emergence of diabetes.
Understanding the public stigma of mental illness: a mixed-methods, multi-level, exploratory triangulation study
Authors: Walsh Daniel , Foster Juliet 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
This study examines the role of themata in understanding mental health-related stigma. It is motivated by the need for alternative theoretical-methodological approaches beyond the dominant frameworks in education and contact-based anti-stigma public health efforts, which have shown mixed effects. Specifically, it addresses the need for a more nuanced framework in stigma research, one that is sensitive to the dialogues through which people relate themselves to mental health and stigma in context.

Methods
The research employs an exploratory mixed-methods approach, including the analysis of 529 news reports, 20 focus group discussions, and 19 one-to-one interviews, all concerning representations of shared living arrangements with someone perceived to have experiences of mental illness. Thematic analysis and natural language processing are used within a convergent triangulation design to analyze the data.

Results
We found that mental health and illness were communicated through an overarching Self/Other thema and five subordinate themata: normal/abnormal, harm/non-harm, bounded/non-bounded, and moral/immoral. Despite familiarity with psychological distress and ‘modern’ explanations of mental illness, concerns about social identity motivated representations of mental illness as a predominantly permanent, negative form of personhood marked by abnormality, harm, distance, and immorality. Additionally, concerns about personal vulnerability, including historically rooted fears of contagion, motivated distancing representations of mental illness, rather than neutral portrayals.

Conclusions
Themata have under-developed theoretical and methodological potential for addressing mental health-related stigma, particularly in their ability to describe the dynamic ways in which culture motivates people to both resist and reproduce stigma, partly through ambivalences, absences, tensions, and ambiguities in representation. A critical discussion is provided on how themata may support ecological strategies in mental health campaigns over generic models, emphasizing the need to understand group knowledge and contact dynamics to mitigate adverse effects. Themata Public Health Unintended Consequences Mixed Methods Behaviour Change Natural Language Processing.
Introducing Mplots: scaling time series recurrence plots to massive datasets
Authors: Shahcheraghi Maryam , Mercer Ryan , Rodrigues João Manuel de Almeida , Der Audrey , Gamboa Hugo Filipe Silveira , Zimmerman Zachary , Mauck Kerry , Keogh Eamonn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTime series similarity matrices (informally, recurrence plots or dot-plots), are useful tools for time series data mining. They can be used to guide data exploration, and various useful features can be derived from them and then fed into downstream analytics. However, time series similarity matrices suffer from very poor scalability, taxing both time and memory requirements. In this work, we introduce novel ideas that allow us to scale the largest time series similarity matrices that can be examined by several orders of magnitude. The first idea is a novel algorithm to compute the matrices in a way that removes dependency on the subsequence length. This algorithm is so fast that it allows us to now address datasets where the memory limitations begin to dominate. Our second novel contribution is a multiscale algorithm that computes an approximation of the matrix appropriate for the limitations of the user’s memory/screen-resolution, then performs a local, just-in-time recomputation of any region that the user wishes to zoom-in on. Given that this largely removes time and space barriers, human visual attention then becomes the bottleneck. We further introduce algorithms that search massive matrices with quadrillions of cells and then prioritize regions for later examination by either humans or algorithms. We will demonstrate the utility of our ideas for data exploration, segmentation, and classification in domains as diverse as astronomy, bioinformatics, entomology, and wildlife monitoring.
Renoprotective effect of a novel combination of 6-gingerol and metformin in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats via targeting miRNA-146a, miRNA-223, TLR4/TRAF6/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and HIF-1α
Authors: Aboismaiel Merna G. , Amin Mohamed N. , Eissa Laila A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMiRNA-146a and miRNA-223 are key epigenetic regulators of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/tumor necrosis factor-receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway, which is involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis. The currently available oral anti-diabetic treatments have been insufficient to halt DN development and progression. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the renoprotective effect of the natural compound 6-gingerol (GR) either alone or in combination with metformin (MET) in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced DN in rats. The proposed molecular mechanisms were also investigated.MethodsOral gavage of 6-gingerol (100 mg/kg) and metformin (300 mg/kg) were administered to rats daily for eight weeks. MiRNA-146a, miRNA-223, TLR4, TRAF6, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) (p65), NLRP3, caspase-1, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) mRNA expressions were measured using real-time PCR. ELISA was used to measure TLR4, TRAF6, NLRP3, caspase-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) renal tissue levels. Renal tissue histopathology and immunohistochemical examination of fibronectin and NF-κB (p65) were performed.Results6-Gingerol treatment significantly reduced kidney tissue damage and fibrosis. 6-Gingerol up-regulated miRNA-146a and miRNA-223 and reduced TLR4, TRAF6, NF-κB (p65), NLRP3, caspase-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, HIF-1α and fibronectin renal expressions. 6-Gingerol improved lipid profile and renal functions, attenuated renal hypertrophy, increased reduced glutathione, and decreased blood glucose and malondialdehyde levels. 6-Gingerol and metformin combination showed superior renoprotective effects than either alone.Conclusion6-Gingerol demonstrated a key protective role in DN by induction of miRNA-146a and miRNA-223 expression and inhibition of TLR4/TRAF6/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. 6-Gingerol, a safe, affordable, and abundant natural compound, holds promise for use as an adjuvant therapy with metformin in diabetic patients to attenuate renal damage and stop the progression of DN.
Methanomethylovorans are the dominant dimethylsulfide-degrading methanogens in gravel and sandy river sediment microcosms
Authors: Tsola S. L. , Prevodnik A. A. , Sinclair L. F. , Sanders I. A. , Economou C. K. , Eyice Ö. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Rivers and streams are important components of the global carbon cycle and methane budget. However, our understanding of the microbial diversity and the metabolic pathways underpinning methylotrophic methane production in river sediments is limited. Dimethylsulfide is an important methylated compound, found in freshwater sediments. Yet, the magnitude of DMS-dependent methanogenesis nor the methanogens carrying out this process in river sediments have been explored before. This study addressed this knowledge gap in DMS-dependent methanogenesis in gravel and sandy river sediments.

Results
Significant methane production via DMS degradation was found in all sediment microcosms. Sandy, less permeable river sediments had higher methane yields (83 and 92%) than gravel, permeable sediments (40 and 48%). There was no significant difference between the methanogen diversity in DMS-amended gravel and sandy sediment microcosms, which Methanomethylovorans dominated. Metagenomics data analysis also showed the dominance of Methanomethylovorans and Methanosarcina. DMS-specific methyltransferase genes (mts) were found in very low relative abundances whilst the methanol-, trimethylamine- and dimethylamine-specific methyltransferase genes (mtaA, mttB and mtbB) had the highest relative abundances, suggesting their involvement in DMS-dependent methanogenesis.

Conclusions
This is the first study demonstrating a significant potential for DMS-dependent methanogenesis in river sediments with contrasting geologies. Methanomethylovorans were the dominant methylotrophic methanogen in all river sediment microcosms. Methyltransferases specific to methylotrophic substrates other than DMS are likely key enzymes in DMS-dependent methanogenesis, highlighting their versatility and importance in the methane cycle in freshwater sediments, which would warrant further study.
Advancements in hybrid energy storage systems for enhancing renewable energy-to-grid integration
Authors: Adeyinka Adekanmi Miracle , Esan Oladapo Christopher , Ijaola Ahmed Olanrewaju , Farayibi Peter Kayode 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe global energy sector is currently undergoing a transformative shift mainly driven by the ongoing and increasing demand for clean, sustainable, and reliable energy solutions. However, integrating renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind, solar, and hydropower, introduces major challenges due to the intermittent and variable nature of RES, affecting grid stability and reliability. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), which combine multiple energy storage devices (ESDs), present a promising solution by leveraging the complementary strengths of each technology involved. This comprehensive review examines recent advancements in grid-connected HESS, focusing on their components, design considerations, control strategies, and applications. It provides a detailed analysis of technological progress in various ESDs and the critical role of power conversion, control, energy management, and cooling systems in optimizing HESS performance. Highlighting case studies of some notable and successful HESS implementations across the globe, we illustrate practical applications and identify the benefits and challenges encountered. By addressing these challenges, HESS can significantly enhance the efficiency and reliability of RES, supporting the shift towards a sustainable and resilient energy infrastructure. The paper concludes by identifying future research directions, highlighting the development of intelligent control systems, sustainable materials, and efficient recycling processes to ensure the widespread adoption and long-term viability of HESS.
Enormous ectopic liver tissue at the gastrohepatic ligament: a rare entity at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Swallow Andrew Yesaya , Mwanga Ali Hamisi , Chamshama Douglas , Mchele Godfrey , Ringo Yona , Kitembo Kibwana , Lutege William , Naif Azza , Mosha Innocent 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Ectopic liver tissue (ELT) is a developmental abnormality in which liver tissue develops at an extrahepatic site without connection to the true liver. It is a rare entity with an incidence of 0.24–0.56% according to data described in laparoscopic or autopsy studies. The detailed mechanism behind the development of ELT is poorly understood. ELT predominantly has an asymptomatic nature, even by means of radiological studies the diagnosis of ELT without surgery or autopsy is difficult. ELT has been reported mostly to be found frequently on the gallbladder and rarely on the gastrohepatic ligament. ELT has increased the potential risk of HCC which makes the resection crucial. Due to its variations anatomically, ELT recognition should gain clinical importance and surgeons need to be aware of these possible disparities.
Case presentation.
We present a 59-year-old female from Western Tanzania was presented to us with 2-month history of painless upper abdominal swelling. An abdominal CT scan was performed, and it revealed a large mass located at the gastrohepatic region with blood supply mainly from the left hepatic artery and omentum. Technically difficult excision of 17 × 12 cm tumor at gastrohepatic ligament was performed, with uneventful recovery. Post-operative histology results revealed capsulated hepatic parenchyma without the biliary components and limited sinusoids with tissue degeneration. To date, no complications happened during follow-up for one year.

Conclusion
ELT is a rare entity with a predominantly asymptomatic nature. Preoperatively diagnosis is difficult even with images. It has anatomical variation and is hardly found along the gastrohepatic ligament. ELT has increased the potential risk of HCC which makes the resection crucial. Increased awareness of this congenital anomaly may result in increased detection rates.
Impact of the deletion glutathione S-transferase (class Mu) on lung cancer risk among smokers
Authors: Hamdy Gehan , Gharib Ahmed , Emara Nahed Abdel Moneim , Attia Eman Mahmoud Hassan , Hussein Mohamed Fathy , Elkorashy Reem Ibrahim , Gomaa Nada Ezzeldin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The results of several studies assessing the effect of the glutathione S-transferase class Mu 1 (GSTM1) null variant on the genetic susceptibility of tobacco-related cancers have been conflicting. In this work, we aim to identify the impact of the deletion of GSTM1 on lung cancer risk among smokers.

Methods
This study was conducted on 20 patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer and 20 healthy individuals as a control group. They were subject to full medical history taking, complete clinical examination, and GSTM1 genotyping by PCR.

Results
Both studied groups were matched for age, sex, and smoking status. No statistically significant difference was exhibited between the frequency of GSTM1 positive and GSTM1 null in the studied population. No risk of lung cancer associated with GSTM1 null genotype was demonstrated between the patients and control group (n = 14/20 cases) (p = 0.110, OR = 2.852, 95% CI 0.777–10.467). Additionally, there was no association between the risk of lung cancer and the presence of the gene either in smokers (p = 1, OR = 1.8 and 95% CI 0.124–26.196) or non-smokers; (p = 0.063, OR = 4.4 and 95% CI 0.889–21.78). No statistically significant risk was found between the frequencies of GSTM1 null and the various histopathological types of lung malignancy.

Conclusion
The results of this work demonstrated no association between the occurrence of the GSTM1 null variant, even when stratified for smoking status, and the risk of lung cancer.
Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Yousif Maha F , Dolak Katie D , Adhikari Soumya , White Perrin C 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveDevelop a multivariable model to identify children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and/or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) at increased risk of adverse outcomes and apply it to analyze adverse outcomes during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsRetrospective review of clinical data from 4565 admissions (4284 with DKA alone, 31 [0.7%] only HHS, 250 [5.4%] hyperosmolar DKA) to a large academic children's hospital from January 2010 to June 2023. Data from 2010-2019 (N = 3004) were used as a training dataset, and 2020-2021 (N = 903) and 2022-2023 (N = 658) data for validation. Death or intensive care unit stays &gt; 48 hours comprised a composite “Adverse Outcome” group. Risks for this composite outcome were assessed using generalized estimating equations.ResultsThere were 47 admissions with Adverse Outcomes (1.5%) in 2010-2019, 46 (5.0%) in 2020-2021, and 16 (2.4%) in 2022-2023. Eight patients died (0.18%). Maximum serum glucose, initial pH, and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes most strongly predicted Adverse Outcomes. The proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes was highest in 2020-2021. A multivariable model incorporating these factors had excellent discrimination (area under receiver operator characteristic curve [AUC] of 0.948) for the composite outcome in the training dataset, and similar predictive power (AUC 0.960 and 0.873) in the 2020-2021 and 2022-2023 validation datasets, respectively. In the full dataset, AUC for death was 0.984.ConclusionType 2 diabetes and severity of initial hyperglycemia and acidosis are independent risk factors for Adverse Outcomes and explain the higher frequency of Adverse Outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risks decreased in January 2022 to June 2023.
Fake News and Asset Price Dynamics
Authors: Mignot Sarah , Pellizzari Paolo , Westerhoff Frank 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We explore the impact of fake news on asset price dynamics within the asset-pricing model of Brock and Hommes (Brock, W. A., and C. H. Hommes. 1998. “Heterogeneous Beliefs and Routes to Chaos in a Simple Asset Pricing Model.” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 22 (8): 1235–74). By polluting the information landscape, fake news interferes with agents’ perception of the dividend process of the risky asset. Our analysis reveals that fake news decreases the steady-state price of the risky asset by making it even more risky. Moreover, fake news increases the market share of agents who use the destabilizing technical trading rule by rendering fundamental trading more difficult and costly. Instead of converging toward its steady state, the risky asset’s price may thus be subject to wild fluctuations. As it turns out, these fluctuations are concentrated below the risky asset’s steady-state price. We also show that fake news campaigns may allow certain agents to realize fraudulent profits.