bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining network pharmacology and experimental verification to study the anti‐colon cancer effect and mechanism of sulforaphene
Authors: Qu Yang , Li Xiuxia , Li Jianrong , Yu Zhangfu , Shen Ronghu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSulforaphene is a derivative of glucosinolate and a potential bioactive substance used for treating colon cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the potential inhibitory effect and mechanisms of sulforaphene in human colon cancer Caco‐2 cells. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification were performed to elucidate potential sulforaphene mechanisms in the treatment of this condition.RESULTNetwork pharmacology predicted 27 intersection target genes between sulforaphene and colon cancer cell inhibition. Key sulforaphene targets associated with colon cancer cell inhibition were identified as EGFR, MAPK14, MCL1, GSK3B, PARP1, PTPRC, NOS2, CTSS, TLR9, and CTSK. Gene ontology functional enrichment analysis revealed that the above genes were primarily related to the positive regulation of peptidase activity, cytokine production in the inflammatory response, and the cell receptor signaling pathway. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that sulforaphene mainly inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells by affecting apoptosis as well as the signaling pathways of PD‐1, Toll‐like receptor, T cell receptor, and P13k–Akt. Molecular docking results further confirmed that CTSS, GSK3B, and NOS2 were significantly up‐regulated and had good binding affinity with sulforaphene. In vitro experiments also indicated that sulforaphene had a significant inhibitory effect on human colon cancer Caco‐2 cells.CONCLUSIONThis paper revealed the pharmacodynamic mechanism of sulforaphene in the treatment of colon cancer for the first time. It provides scientific insight into the development of sulforaphene as a medicinal resource. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A sequence of weather‐driven hydrodynamic events stimulates the formation of harmful algal blooms on an oligotrophic lake
Authors: Kelly Michael R. , Moriarty Vincent W. , Kolar Harry R. , Auger Guillaume A. R. , Henderson Michael E. , Watson Campbell D. , Relyea Rick A. , Scholz Christopher A. , Driscoll Charles T. , Rose Kevin C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHarmful algal blooms (HABs) are common in many eutrophic lakes and frequently associated with nutrient excesses, warm waters, and calm conditions. While HABs can also occur in oligotrophic waterbodies, bloom‐stimulating factors remain elusive for these ecosystems. Here, using a high‐frequency sensor platform supported by hydrodynamic modeling, we document a clearly linked sequence of three hydrodynamic events that immediately preceded each HAB event on Skaneateles Lake, NY during 2018. HABs were first preceded by interactions between internal waves in the thermal structure of the lake with the northern slope of the lakebed. These interactions disturbed sediments resulting in upwelling of nutrient‐rich sediment and possibly cyanobacterial cells into the lower water column. Next, moderate winds stimulated Langmuir circulation which facilitated the transport of material from the lower water column to well‐lit surface waters. Finally, the sequence culminated with a calm wind period, which is often classically associated with surface HAB formation. While individual steps in this sequence occurred independently and repeatedly throughout the year, the complete sequence occurred only eight times, immediately preceding each of the eight documented HABs. We empirically derive thresholds for and timing of the sequence to independently predict HAB occurrence and elevated cyanobacteria levels in the lake. The discovery of this specific and repeated event sequence and the identified thresholds provides the potential for forecasting of HABs days in advance. Ongoing climate change impacts, including increasing water column thermal stratification and changing wind speeds may alter the frequency, timing, and duration of this sequence and consequent HAB formation.
Mercaptopropionic Acid Capped ZnMgO for Efficient and Stable Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shi Hengfei , Ren Zhenwei , Zheng Zhiyong , Zhou Xin , Luo Chengzhao , Ji Huifeng , Zhang Yuze , Chen Hua , Wu Chenglong , Chen Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and their derivatives are the most commonly used electron transport materials for quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, their ubiquitous issues of severe exciton quenching and poor shelf stability render a limited application in practical use. Herein, the mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)‐capped ZnMgO (MPA‐ZMO) NPs with good optoelectronic properties are proposed to address these problems for efficient and stable QLEDs. The massive oxygen vacancy defects at the ZMO NP surface are effectively passivated by MPA, which inhibits the defect‐associated exciton quenching for bright emission. Besides, an improvement in electron mobility and an upward energy band is also achieved for MPA‐capped ZMO NPs, enabling good carrier injection and transportation. The superior optoelectronic properties contribute great enhancements of the device performances with over 30% increase in external quantum efficiency (EQE) from 16.5 to 21.6% and over 2.5‐fold improvement in a lifetime from 2636.41 to 6601.29 h at 1000 cd m−2, together with the impressive QLED shelf stability of less than 5% variation in device efficiency during 3‐week storage, showing one of the best performances among currently reported ZMO‐based QLEDs. Consequently, this work contributes an effective approach to decorating the inorganic metal oxide NPs for efficient and stable QLEDs.
Exploring the dynamic diffusion of low‐carbon technology research and development among enterprises: Based on an evolutionary game model with a two‐level heterogeneous social network
Authors: Lou Wen‐qian , Wu Bin , Chen Feng , Zhu Bo‐wen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study builds an evolutionary game model based on a social network composed of two sub‐networks with different typologies, which respectively depict the connections of enterprises and consumers. Enterprises engage in evolutionary games to determine whether to invest in low‐carbon technology (LCT) research and development (R&D), while consumers select products based on the contrast effect. Our results show that carbon taxation and subsidies can increase the diffusion of LCT R&D, but their marginal effectiveness decreases. Lowering the loan interest rate of enterprises with better green credit can promote LCT R&D diffusion, while excessively lowering the threshold will inhibit that.
Neuroinflammation Parallels 18F‐PI‐2620 Positron Emission Tomography Patterns in Primary 4‐Repeat Tauopathies
Authors: Malpetti Maura , Roemer Sebastian N. , Harris Stefanie , Gross Mattes , Gnörich Johannes , Stephens Andrew , Dewenter Anna , Steward Anna , Biel Davina , Dehsarvi Amir , Wagner Fabian , Müller Andre , Koglin Norman , Weidinger Endy , Palleis Carla , Katzdobler Sabrina , Rupprecht Rainer , Perneczky Robert , Rauchmann Boris‐Stephan , Levin Johannes , Höglinger Günter U. , Brendel Matthias , Franzmeier Nicolai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPreclinical, postmortem, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies have pointed to neuroinflammation as a key pathophysiological hallmark in primary 4‐repeat (4R) tauopathies and its role in accelerating disease progression.ObjectiveWe tested whether microglial activation (1) progresses in similar spatial patterns as the primary pathology tau spreads across interconnected brain regions, and (2) whether the degree of microglial activation parallels tau pathology spreading.MethodsWe examined in vivo associations between tau aggregation and microglial activation in 31 patients with clinically diagnosed 4R tauopathies, using 18F‐PI‐2620 PET and 18F‐GE180 (translocator protein [TSPO]) PET. We determined tau epicenters, defined as subcortical brain regions with highest tau PET signal, and assessed the connectivity of tau epicenters to cortical regions of interest using a 3‐T resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging template derived from age‐matched healthy elderly controls.ResultsIn 4R tauopathy patients, we found that higher regional tau PET covaries with elevated TSPO‐PET across brain regions that are functionally connected to each other (β = 0.414, P < 0.001). Microglial activation follows similar distribution patterns as tau and distributes primarily across brain regions strongly connected to patient‐specific tau epicenters (β = −0.594, P < 0.001). In these regions, microglial activation spatially parallels tau distribution detectable with 18F‐PI‐2620 PET.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the spatial expansion of microglial activation parallels tau distribution across brain regions that are functionally connected to each other, suggesting that tau and inflammation are closely interrelated in patients with 4R tauopathies. The combination of in vivo tau and inflammatory biomarkers could therefore support the development of immunomodulatory strategies for disease‐modifying treatments in these conditions. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Severe compound events of low wind and cold temperature for the British power system
Authors: Lücke Lucie J. , Dent Chris J. , Hegerl Gabriele C. , Wilson Amy L. , Schurer Andrew P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBritain's power system has shifted towards a major contribution from wind energy. However, wind is highly variable, and exceptionally low wind events can simultaneously occur with cold conditions, which increase demand. These conditions can pose a threat for the security of energy supply. Here we use bias‐corrected wind supply data and the estimated temperature‐related part of demand to analyse events of potential weather‐related energy shortfall based on the historic meteorological record. We conduct sensitivity studies with varying scenarios of Britain's total wind energy capacity and the temperature sensitivity of national demand. These scenarios are estimates for present‐day conditions as well as potential future changes of the power system. We apply a new methodology to estimate the potential severity of an event for the power system, and analyse the atmospheric conditions associated with the most severe events. We find that events of potentially severe shortfall are relatively rare and short‐lived, and often occur with an atmospheric pattern broadly resembling a negative North Atlantic Oscillation. This broad tendency emerges from a wide range of individual daily weather patterns that cause cold and still conditions. With an increase in wind capacity, it is likely that severe events will become rarer, although the most severe days of the record are relatively insensitive to changes in wind supply and temperature sensitivity of demand under our assumptions.
Technical note: Computational study on thermal management schemes for tumor‐treating fields therapy
Authors: Yang Xin , Hu Chunhua , Li Luming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe study focuses on thermal management in tumor‐treating fields (TTFields) therapy, crucial for patient compliance and therapeutic effectiveness. TTFields therapy, an established treatment for glioblastoma, involves applying alternating electric fields to the brain. However, managing the thermal effects generated by electrodes is a major challenge, impacting patient comfort and treatment efficiency.PurposeThis research aims to explore methods for controlling temperature increases during TTFields therapy without reducing its duty cycle. The study emphasizes optimizing electrode configurations and array arrangements to mitigate temperature rise, thereby maintaining therapy effectiveness and patient compliance.MethodsUsing a simplified multi‐layer tissue model and finite element analysis, various electrode configurations and array shapes were tested in COMSOL Multiphysics v6.0. Adjustments included changing the electrode gel layer radius from 8 to 12 mm, electrode spacing, and transitioning to a more uniform array arrangement, such as a square array or a circular array.ResultsThe study revealed a strong correlation between high temperatures and edge current density distributions on electrodes. It was found that increasing the electrode gel layer's diameter, enlarging electrode spacing, and adopting a uniform array arrangement markedly mitigated temperature rises. By increasing the gel layer radius from the original 10 to 12 mm, a reduction in the peak temperature increases of approximately 0.3°C was observed. Changing the layout from rectangular to circular with the same area further reduced the peak temperature rise by 0.5°C. Additionally, enlarging the spacing between electrodes also contributed to temperature control. By integrating these strategies, we designed a new circular electrode array with an electrode spacing of 45 mm and a gel radius of 12 mm, successfully reducing the peak temperature from 42.1°C to 40.8°C, effectively achieving temperature control.ConclusionsThe research demonstrates that improving electrode and array configurations can effectively manage temperature in TTFields therapy without compromising treatment duration. This strategy is crucial as TTFields therapy relies on prolonged field exposure for effectiveness. The findings offer valuable insights into thermal management in electrode array design and could lead to enhanced patient compliance and treatment efficacy in TTFields therapy.
Prediction of dose distributions for non‐small cell lung cancer patients using MHA‐ResUNet
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Yu Yanjun , Zhang Fuli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe current level of automation in the production of radiotherapy plans for lung cancer patients is relatively low. With the development of artificial intelligence, it has become a reality to use neural networks to predict dose distributions and provide assistance for radiation therapy planning. However, due to the significant individual variability in the distribution of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) planning target volume (PTV) and the complex spatial relationships between the PTV and organs at risk (OARs), there is still a lack of a high‐precision dose prediction network tailored to the characteristics of NSCLC.PurposeTo assist in the development of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for non‐small cell lung cancer patients, a deep neural network is proposed to predict high‐precision dose distribution.MethodsThis study has developed a network called MHA‐ResUNet, which combines a large‐kernel dilated convolution module and multi‐head attention (MHA) modules. The network was trained based on 80 VMAT plans of NSCLC patients. CT images, PTV, and OARs were fed into the independent input channel. The dose distribution was taken as the output to train the model. The performance of this network was compared with that of several commonly used networks, and the networks' performance was evaluated based on the voxel‐level mean absolute error (MAE) within the PTV and OARs, as well as the error in clinical dose‐volume metrics.ResultsThe MAE between the predicted dose distribution and the manually planned dose distribution within the PTV is 1.43 Gy, and the D95 error is less than 1 Gy. Compared with the other three commonly used networks, the dose error of the MHA‐ResUNet is the smallest in PTV and OARs.ConclusionsThe proposed MHA‐ResUNet network improves the receptive field and filters the shallow features to learn the relative spatial relation between the PTV and the OARs, enabling accurate prediction of dose distributions in NSCLC patients undergoing VMAT radiotherapy.
Modified Scaffolds With Magnetic Nanoparticles in Periodontal Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Guzman‐Rocha Dulce Araceli , Aranda‐Herrera Benjamin , Acosta Torres Laura Susana , Arenas‐Arrocena Ma. Concepción , Garcia‐Contreras Rene 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTNanomaterials have displayed vast potential across a spectrum of biomedical applications, particularly in recent studies aimed at optimizing traditional systems. Metal oxide nanoparticles, like Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), offer unique physicochemical properties ideal for biomedical applications, advancing diagnostics, therapies, tissue engineering and imaging technologies in medicine. Their notable features, such as high specific surface area and porous structure, render them versatile for myriad medical and biological uses. When combined with polymers, MNPs have found utility in nano‐scale treatments targeting specific human ailments, encompassing drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound care. This review focuses on summarizing the utilization of MNPs examining their structural attributes, magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and their role in scaffolding applications. Furthermore, within the dental domain, periodontitis presents substantial challenges, prompting research into regenerative therapies to foster the growth and specialization of key cell types crucial for effective disease management and tissue revitalization.
On inner independence systems
Authors: de Vries Sven , Raach Stephen , Vohra Rakesh V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA classic result of Korte and Hausmann [1978] and Jenkyns [1976] bounds the quality of the greedy solution to the problem of finding a maximum value basis of an independence system in terms of the rank‐quotient. We extend this result in two ways. First, we apply the greedy algorithm to an inner independence system
contained in . Additionally, following an idea of Milgrom [2017], we incorporate exogenously given prior information about the set of likely candidates for an optimal basis in terms of a set . We provide a generalization of the rank‐quotient that yields a tight bound on the worst‐case performance of the greedy algorithm applied to the inner independence system relative to the optimal solution in . Furthermore, we show that for a worst‐case objective, the inner independence system approximation may outperform not only the standard greedy algorithm but also the inner matroid approximation proposed by Milgrom [2017]. Second, we generalize the inner approximation framework of independence systems to inner approximations of packing instances in by inner polymatroids and inner packing instances. We consider the problem of maximizing a separable discrete concave function and show that our inner approximation can be better than the greedy algorithm applied to the original packing instance. Our result provides a lower bound to the generalized rank‐quotient of a greedy algorithm to the optimal solution in this more general setting and subsumes Malinov and Kovalyov [1980]. We apply the inner approximation approach to packing instances induced by the FCC incentive auction and by two knapsack constraints.
Offshoring procurement systems with internal decentralization
Authors: Wu Zhiqiao , Zhen Xueping , Cai Gangshu (George) , Tang Jiafu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe extant literature has mostly blamed the setup costs and added transportation costs for the failures of relocating procurement centers overseas, whereas internal decentralization has long been ignored. In practice, issues such as the arm's length principle and information asymmetry can prevent the headquarters from fully centralizing its divisions when offshoring its procurement center overseas. To examine the impact of internal decentralization, we investigate the decision of a firm's headquarters regarding whether to set up an overseas procurement center and whether to further decentralize the procurement center. This article investigates a stylized model and reveals that, even without the setup and transportation costs, it is not always beneficial for the firm to offshore procurement centers under the impact of transfer pricing unless the tax advantage is big enough. An offshoring procurement system with a decentralized procurement center can outperform one with a centralized procurement center when the tax rate disparity is large, because the headquarters' procurement cost information screening makes it benefit more from a decentralized procurement center when the tax rate gap is big. Besides the intuitive trade‐off between the tax‐saving effect and the double marginalization effect caused by the internal decentralization, some indirect effects—cost‐saving effect of the procurement effort and the tax‐paying asymmetry effect (i.e., the procurement center still pays a positive tax even if the headquarters is not profitable)—are found to have a significant impact on the headquarters' choice. Screening the procurement cost information amplifies the advantage of the procurement independent accounting system when the tax rate disparity is big but decreases it otherwise.
Measuring the device‐level EQE of multi‐junction photonic power converters
Authors: Schachtner Michael , Beattie Meghan N. , Reichmuth S. Kasimir , Wekkeli Alexander , Siefer Gerald , Helmers Henning 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMulti‐junction photonic power converters (PPCs) are photovoltaic cells used in photonic power transmission systems that convert monochromatic light to electricity at enhanced output voltages. The junctions of a multi‐junction PPC have overlapping spectral responsivity, which poses a unique challenge for spectrally resolved external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements. In this work, we present a novel EQE measurement technique based on a wavelength‐tunable laser system and characterize the differential multi‐junction device‐level EQE (dEQEMJ) as a function of the monochromatic irradiance over seven orders of magnitude. The irradiance‐dependent measurements reveal three distinct irradiance regimes with different dEQEMJ. For the experimentally studied 2‐junction GaAs‐based device, at medium irradiance with photocurrent densities between 0.3 and 90 mA/cm2, dEQEMJ is independent of irradiance and follows the expected EQE of the current‐limiting subcell across all wavelengths. At higher irradiance, nonlinear device response is observed and attributed to luminescent coupling between the subcells. At lower irradiances, namely, in the range of conventional EQE measurement systems, nonlinear effects appear, which mimic luminescent coupling behavior but are instead attributed to finite shunt resistance artifacts that artificially inflate dEQEMJ. The results demonstrate the importance of measuring the device‐level dEQEMJ in the relevant irradiance regime. We propose that device‐level measurements in the finite shunt artifact regime at low monochromatic irradiance should be avoided.