bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration and cross‐validation of a wrist‐worn Actigraph in young preschoolers
Authors: Johansson E. , Ekelund U. , Nero H. , Marcus C. , Hagströmer M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryObjectiveTo calibrate the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer for wrist‐worn placement in young preschoolers by developing intensity thresholds for sedentary, low‐ and high‐intensity physical activity. Furthermore, to cross‐validate the developed thresholds in young preschoolers.MethodsActigraph GT3X+ was used to measure physical activity during structured activities and free play in 38 children (15–36 months). Activity was video recorded and scored into sedentary, low‐ and high‐intensity physical activity based on Children's Activity Rating Scale (CARS) and combined with accelerometer data using a 5 s epoch. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to develop intensity thresholds in 26 randomly selected children. The remaining 12 children were used for cross‐validation.ResultsIntensity thresholds for sedentary were ≤89 vertical counts (Y) and ≤221 vector magnitude (VM) counts per 5 s and ≥440 Y counts and ≥730 VM counts per 5 s for high‐intensity physical activity. Sensitivity and specificity were 60–100% for the developed intensity thresholds. Strong correlations (Spearman rank correlation 0.69–0.91) were found in the cross‐validation sample between the developed thresholds for the accelerometer and CARS scoring time in all intensity categories.ConclusionThe developed intensity thresholds appear valid to categorize sedentary behaviour and physical activity intensity categories in children 2 years of age.
The dark side of career preference: dark side traits, motives, and values
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Hyde Gillian , Trickey Geoff 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOver 2000 people completed two validated questionnaires: one measuring “dark side” personality traits and the other a measure of values and preferences that indicates the type of work that an individual would like to do and is best suited for. Dark side variables (and demographics) accounted for between 11% (science) and 46% (affiliation) variance in specific vocation related values. Factor analysis suggested three overall value/vocation factors (enterprising, traditional, and social) and three dark side variables (moving against, away from, and toward others). The three dark side factors predicted around a third of the variance in favoring enterprising and social occupations. Implications for vocational guidance and limitations of the study are considered.
Food and water intake and selective feeding in rabbits on four feeding regimes
Authors: Prebble J. L. , Meredith A. L. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryDiet plays an important role in maintaining rabbit health. Feeding an incorrect diet, particularly a low fibre diet, has been linked with digestive, dental and urinary tract disease. However, food intake and dietary requirements have been poorly studied in pet rabbits. This study assessed the effects of two commonly fed pet rabbit diets [extruded nuggets with hay (EH) and muesli with hay (MH)] alongside hay only (HO) and muesli only (MO) on food and water intake in 32 Dutch rabbits. Dry matter (DM) intake was greater in the HO group and lower in the MO group than in the EH and MH groups (p < 0.001). The portion of the diet made of hay was greater in the EH group than in the MH group (p < 0.001). Water intake was positively correlated with DM intake and was greatest in the HO group (p < 0.001). Selective feeding occurred in all rabbit groups fed muesli, whether or not hay was also available. Pellets were rejected, and grains and extrudates selected. The presence of selective feeding in all rabbits fed muesli leads to the consumption of an unbalanced diet. In addition, hay intake and water intake were lower when muesli was fed. Conclusions drawn from this study are based on general recommendations for pet rabbits, and clinical disease may have developed by feeding the study diets over a longer time period, as many diet‐related conditions typically present in older rabbits. However, the study demonstrates that the feeding of muesli diets cannot be recommended.
Different walls for rods and balls: the diversity of peptidoglycan
Authors: Turner Robert D. , Vollmer Waldemar , Foster Simon J. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryPeptidoglycan performs the essential role of resisting turgor in the cell walls of most bacteria. It determines cell shape, and its biosynthesis is the target for many important antibiotics. The fundamental chemical building blocks of peptidoglycan are conserved: repeating disaccharides cross‐linked by peptides. However, these blocks come in many varieties and can be assembled in different ways. So beyond the fundamental similarity, prodigious chemical, organizational and architectural diversity is revealed. Here, we track the evolution of our current understanding of peptidoglycan and underpinning technical and methodological developments. The origin and function of chemical diversity is discussed with respect to some well‐studied example species. We then explore how this chemistry is manifested in elegant and complex peptidoglycan organization and how this is interpreted in different and sometimes controversial architectural models. We contend that emerging technology brings about the possibility of achieving a complete understanding of peptidoglycan chemistry, through architecture, to the way in which diverse species and populations of cells meet the challenges of maintaining viability and growth within their environmental niches, by exploiting the bioengineering versatility of peptidoglycan.
Experimental Rehabilitation of Degraded Spawning Habitat of a Diadromous Fish, Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns, 1842) in Rural and Urban Streams
Authors: Hickford Michael J. H. , Schiel David R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRiparian vegetation has been compromised worldwide by anthropogenic stressors, including urbanization and livestock grazing. In New Zealand, one consequence has been a reduction in the obligate riparian spawning habitat of Galaxias maculatus. This diadromous species forms the basis of an important fishery where juveniles are caught as they migrate into freshwater. Spawning success of G. maculatus is closely associated with the nature of available riparian habitat. We used a field experiment in a rural stream to test whether livestock grazing limits egg production and whether there is a lag in increased egg production after protection from grazing because of the recovery time of riparian vegetation. In a separate experiment in an urban stream we tested whether improved riparian management can increase egg production. Livestock exclusion produced an immediate and long‐lasting increase in the height and density of riparian vegetation with reduced fluctuations in the ground‐level physical environment, and positive changes to the density and survival of eggs. After 4 years, egg densities in exclosures were 400 times greater than in grazed controls and egg survival had doubled. Mowing riparian vegetation 2 months prior to spawning reduced egg densities by 75% and survival by 25%. Our experiments showed that altering grazing and mowing in spawning sites produced dense riparian vegetation, that this improved the microsite environment and resulted in greatly increased egg deposition and survival over several years. This clearly indicates that the single most effective step in rehabilitating G. maculatus spawning habitat is a simple reduction in grazing/mowing pressure.
Prospective multicenter evaluation of coagulation abnormalities in dogs following severe acute trauma
Authors: Holowaychuk Marie K. , Hanel Rita M. , Darren Wood R. , Rogers Lindsey , O'Keefe Karen , Monteith Gabrielle 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo describe coagulation abnormalities in dogs following severe acute trauma and to evaluate the relationship between coagulation, clinical, and laboratory variables, and disease and injury severity, as well as the ability of coagulation variables to predict the presence of body cavity hemorrhage (BCH), necessity of blood product administration, and outcome.DesignProspective, multicenter, observational study.SettingTwo university teaching hospitals.AnimalsForty client‐owned dogs sustaining severe blunt or penetrating trauma.InterventionsBlood samples were collected within 12 hours of the traumatic incident for measurement of blood gases, lactate concentration, platelet count, activated clotting time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen concentration, antithrombin activity, D‐dimer concentration, protein C activity, plasmin inhibition, plasminogen activity, and kaolin‐activated thomboelastography.ResultsDecreased platelet count was a risk factor for the presence of BCH (P= 0.006) and decreased platelet count (P< 0.001), protein C activity (P= 0.001), angle (α) (P= 0.001), maximum amplitude (MA) (P< 0.001), and clot strength (G) (P= 0.002) were risk factors for blood product administration. Nonsurviving dogs were hypocoagulable with prolonged aPTT (P= 0.008), decreased plasmin inhibition (P= 0.033), decreased α (P= 0.021), and decreased MA (P= 0.038) compared to surviving dogs. Multivariate analysis accounting for disease severity showed that prolonged aPTT (P= 0.004, OR = 1.74) was the strongest predictor of nonsurvival. Prolonged aPTT was positively correlated with APPLE‐fast score (P< 0.001,r2= 0.35), lactate concentration (P< 0.001,r2= 0.35), and negative base excess (P= 0.001,r2= 0.27). Acute traumatic coagulopathy, as defined by 2 or more abnormal coagulation tests, was diagnosed in 15% of dogs at hospital admission and was more common in dogs with increased disease severity (P= 0.002), decreased systolic blood pressure (P= 0.002), and increased lactate concentration (P= 0.011).ConclusionsIn dogs with severe traumatic injuries and hypoperfusion, measurement of thromboelastography and aPTT should be considered to support clinical assessments in predicting the need for blood product administration and nonsurvival.
Genome Sequence of the Mycorrhizal Helper Bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens BBc6R8
Authors: Deveau A. , Gross H. , Morin E. , Karpinets T. , Utturkar S. , Mehnaz S. , Martin F. , Frey-Klett P. , Labbé J. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of the mycorrhizal helper bacterium
Pseudomonas fluorescens
strain BBc6R8. This is the first genome of a mycorrhizal helper bacterium. The draft genome contains 6,952,353 bp and is predicted to encode 6,317 open reading frames. Comparative genomic analyses will help to identify helper traits.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum 2165
Authors: Karlyshev Andrey V. , Abramov Vyacheslav M. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

This report describes a draft genome sequence of
Lactobacillus plantarum
2165. The data demonstrate the presence of a large number of genes responsible for sugar metabolism and the fermentation activity of this bacterium. Different cell surface proteins, including fibronectin and mucus-binding adhesins, may contribute to the beneficial probiotic properties of this strain.
‘I think we should just listen and get out’: a qualitative exploration of views and experiences of Patient Safety Walkrounds
Authors: Rotteau Leahora , Shojania Kaveh G , Webster Fiona 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveThis article is an exploration of views and experiences of Patient Safety Walkrounds, a widely recommended strategy for identifying patient safety problems and improving safety culture.Design and settingQualitative analysis of semistructured, in-depth interviews with 11 senior leaders and 33 front-line staff at two major teaching hospitals with mature walkrounds programmes, collected as part of a larger mixed-methods evaluation.ResultsDespite differences in the structure of the two walkrounds programmes, senior leaders at both institutions reported attitudes and behaviours that contradict the stated goals and principles of walkrounds. Senior leaders tended to regard executive visibility as an end in itself and generally did not engage with staff concerns beyond the walkrounds encounter. Some senior leaders believed they understood patient safety issues better than front-line staff and even characterised staff concerns as ‘stupid’. Senior leaders acknowledged that they often controlled the conversations, delimiting what counted as patient safety problems and sometimes even steered the conversations to predetermined topics. Some front-line staff made note of these contradictions in their interviews.Discussion/conclusionsOur study found that walkrounds may inadvertently lead to counter-productive attitudes by senior leaders at odds with the recommended principles of walkrounds. The results demonstrate similar attitudes from senior leaders at two hospitals with quite different formats for walkrounds, suggesting that this pattern may exist elsewhere. Better preparation of senior leaders prior to the walkrounds may help to avoid the counter-productive attitudes and dynamics that we identified.
Immunohistochemical stains of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, insulin-like growth factor 2 and clusterin help distinguish malignant from benign liver nodular lesions
Authors: Lai Jin-Ping , Chen Zong-Ming E , Lok Terry , Chan Owen T M , Himmelfarb Eric , Zhai Qihui , Lin Fan , Wang Hanlin L 
Published: January 2014

AimsTo explore the immunohistochemical utility of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and clusterin in the distinction between malignant and benign liver nodular lesions.MethodsImmunohistochemical stains for PCNA, IGF2 and clusterin were performed on 284 liver nodular lesions, including 33 hepatocellular adenomas (HCA), 40 focal nodular hyperplasias (FNH), 77 large regenerative nodules (LRN) and 134 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC).ResultsStrong and diffuse nuclear PCNA immunoreactivity was observed in 103 (77%) HCCs but in only 2 (6%) HCAs. None of the FNH and LRN cases showed a strong and diffuse staining pattern. All HCAs, 95% of FNHs and 92% of LRNs showed cytoplasmic IGF2 expression, with a strong staining observed in 70% of HCAs, 20% of FNHs and 30% of LRNs. This was in marked contrast to that observed in HCCs, where 66% of HCCs demonstrated a weak and focal/patchy immunostaining pattern and another 25% showed no detectable IGF2 immunoreactivity. In comparison with their adjacent non-lesional hepatocytes, 75% of HCCs showed decreased IGF2 expression. However, decreased IGF2 expression was not evident in HCAs, FNHs and LRNs. Cytoplasmic staining for clusterin was seen in both benign and malignant nodular lesions. However, an enhanced and exaggerated pericanalicular staining pattern was observed in 75% of HCCs, which was not demonstrated in HCAs, FNHs and LRNs.ConclusionsPCNA, IGF2 and clusterin show unique immunostaining characteristics in HCCs, which can be useful adjuncts to other currently available markers to aid in the distinction of HCC from benign liver nodular lesions.
Absence of Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 10 Diminishes Perfusion Recovery After Local Arterial Occlusion in Mice
Authors: van den Borne Pleunie , Haverslag René T. , Brandt Maarten M. , Cheng Caroline , Duckers Henricus J. , Quax Paul H.A. , Hoefer Imo E. , Pasterkamp Gerard , de Kleijn Dominique P.V. 
Published: January 2014

Objective—
In arteriogenesis, pre-existing anastomoses undergo enlargement to restore blood flow in ischemic tissues. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) is secreted after Toll-like receptor activation. Toll-like receptors are involved in arteriogenesis; however, the role of CXCL10 is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the role for CXCL10 in a murine hindlimb ischemia model.

Approach and Results—

Unilateral femoral artery ligation was performed in wild-type (WT) and CXCL10
−/−
knockout (KO) mice and perfusion recovery was measured using laser-Doppler perfusion analysis. Perfusion recovery was significantly lower in KO mice compared with WT at days 4 and 7 after surgery (KO versus WT: 28±5% versus 81±13% at day 4;
P
=0.003 and 57±12% versus 107±8% at day 7;
P
=0.003). Vessel measurements of α-smooth muscle actin–positive vessels revealed increasing numbers in time after surgery, which was significantly higher in WT when compared with that in KO. Furthermore, α-smooth muscle actin–positive vessels were significantly larger in WT when compared with those in KO at day 7 (wall thickness,
P
<0.001; lumen area,
P
=0.003). Local inflammation was assessed in hindlimb muscles, but this did not differ between WT and KO. Chimerization experiments analyzing perfusion recovery and histology revealed an equal contribution for bone marrow–derived and circulating CXCL10. Migration assays showed a stimulating role for both intrinsic and extrinsic CXCL10 in vascular smooth muscle cell migration.

Conclusions—
CXCL10 plays a causal role in arteriogenesis. Bone marrow–derived CXCL10 and tissue-derived CXCL10 play a critical role in accelerating perfusion recovery after arterial occlusion in mice probably by promoting vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment and maturation of pre-existing anastomoses.
Stabilization of Proximal Interphalangeal Joint in Lesser Toe Deformities With an Angulated Intramedullary Implant
Authors: Coillard Jean-Yves , Petri Gianfranco John , van Damme Geert , Deprez Patrick , Laffenêtre Olivier 
Published: January 2014

Background: Hammertoe and claw toe are among the most common foot deformities. Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint realignment can be performed using specifically designed intramedullary implants. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical outcome of patients with lesser toes deformities undergoing PIP joint realignment using an intramedullary implant. Methods: Patients requiring PIP joint realignment were included in this prospective multicenter observational study and followed for 12 months. A total of 156 toes, in 117 patients were implanted with the implants. Complications and radiological and functional outcome were assessed. Results: The proportion of joints fused on X-rays was 83.8% (95% CI: 77.8, 89.7) after 1 year. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society lesser metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scale (AOFAS-LMIS) improved from 40.4 (SD = 18.3) preoperatively to 85.5 (SD = 9.2) after 1 year. The proportion of patients with pain was 15.5% after 6 weeks and decreased to 4.7% after 1 year. Of the patients, 98% were satisfied about the operation. In patients with incomplete fusion of the PIP joint after 1 year, AOFAS-LMIS improved from 36.7 (SD = 18.9) preoperatively to 84.2 (SD = 10.1) 1 year postoperatively, while pain was reported by 2 patients (8.3%) after 1 year. Toe malalignment and lack of toe pulp-contact were reported slightly more frequently than for the whole group of patients, but not for the majority of the cases. Overall, complications were reported intraoperatively in 1.3% of the patients (2 cases) and postoperatively in 3.2% (5 cases). Revision was required in 1 case. Mallet toe deformity was found in 2.0% of the patients after 1 year. Conclusion: This study showed that the use of an intramedullary implant for PIP realignment led to a high rate of fusion and a good outcome. No need of reoperation was reported for patients with incomplete joint fusion who had a stable joint with no pain. Level of Evidence: Level IV, prospective case series.
Use of the h-index to measure the quality of the output of health services researchers
Authors: Birks Yvonne , Fairhurst Caroline , Bloor Karen , Campbell Marion , Baird Wendy , Torgerson David 
Published: January 2014

Objective: To assess the use of the h-index to measure the quality of the output of health services researchers. Method: Online survey, with bibliometric analysis of a convenience volunteer sample of researchers mainly in the UK, North America and Australasia. Self-reported from Google Scholar: h-index; number of papers; number of citations; number of papers with ≥10 citations. Results: There were complete responses from 532 health services researchers of whom 371 (70%) were from the UK. Of the bibliometric measures, the h-index appeared to be the best discriminator between other measures of quality (e.g. seniority; entry into the last UK Research Assessment Exercise). The median h-index was 12, with 90th and 95th quantiles of 40 and 52, respectively. Statisticians had the highest h-index with qualitative researchers the lowest (median 16 and 7, respectively). The h-index was predicted to increase by approximately 1 point annually with the biggest increase in statisticians and smallest in qualitative researchers when estimated by quantile regression. Conclusions: The h-index is a useful summary measure of output and quality of health services researchers. However, any accurate interpretation of bibliometric measures needs to take into account a person’s research discipline.
A Novel Method for Assessing Insulin Dose Adjustments by Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Choleau Carine , Albisser A Michael , Bar-Hen Avner , Bihan Hélène , Campinos Catherine , Gherbi Zohra , Jomaa Rached , Aich Mammoud , Cohen Régis , Reach Gérard 
Published: January 2014

Background: Insulin treated diabetic patients often do not adjust their insulin doses. We developed a method to provide a quantitative and qualitative assessment of this behavior. Methods: Fourteen patients provided logbook pages of their self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) data and insulin doses. We compared the actual decisions of patients in real-life to what they would decide on the same SMBG, as an a posteriori exercise. We also compared these decisions and those proposed by 6 diabetologists on the same sets of data to the recommendations made by HumaLink, an automated insulin dosage system. Results: 1) Patients in real-life modified their insulin doses least often. However, given a chance to make these decisions a posteriori, they modified their insulin doses more often. HumaLink proposed changes even more often, and diabetologists were the most aggressive in changing insulin doses. 2) The decisions proposed by the patients in real-life or a posteriori and by the diabetologists were compared to the recommendations made by HumaLink, using a decisions analysis grid (DAG). For these three groups, full disagreement with HumaLink (patient or physician increases while HumaLink decreases and the opposite) was observed for less than 5% of the cases. 3) By comparison to HumaLink, patient decisions seemed guided by the desire to avoid hypoglycemia. By contrast, decisions by diabetologists seemed often to be guided by the desire to avoid hyperglycemia. Conclusion: These methods provide an objective evaluation of insulin dose adjustments by patients with diabetes and may be useful to assess the effectiveness of educational programs.