bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gold‐Decorated Chiral Macroporous Films by the Self‐Assembly of Functionalised Block Copolymers
Authors: Suárez‐Suárez Silvia , Carriedo Gabino A. , Presa Soto Alejandro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe describe a new and very versatile method to place chosen chemical functionalities at the edge of the pores of macroporous materials. The method is based on the synthesis and self‐assembly of inorganic block copolymers (BCPs) having chiral rigid segments bearing controllable quantities of randomly distributed functional groups. The synthesis of a series of optically active block copolyphosphazenes (PP) with the general formula [NP(R‐O2C20H12)0.9(FG)0.2]n‐b‐[NPMePh]m (FG=‐OC5H4N (6), ‐NC4H8S (7), and ‐NC4H8O (8)), was accomplished by the sequential living cationic polycondensation of N‐silylphosphoranimines, using the mono‐end‐capped initiator [Ph3PNPCl3][Cl] (3). The self‐assembly of the phosphazene BCPs 6–8 led to chiral porous films. The functionality present on those polymers affected their self‐assembly behaviour resulting in the formation of pores of different diameters (Dn=111 (6), 53 (7) and 77 nm (8)). The specific functionalisation of the pores was proven by decorating the films with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Thus, the BCPs 6 and 7, having pyridine and thiomorpholine groups, respectively, were treated with HAuCl4, followed by reduction with NaBH4, yielding a new type of block copolyphosphazenes, which self‐assembled into chiral porous films specifically decorated with AuNPs at the edge of the pores.
Analysis of Oxcarbazepine and the 10‐Hydroxycarbazepine Enantiomers in Plasma by LC‐MS/MS: Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: de Jesus Antunes Natalicia , Wichert‐Ana Lauro , Coelho Eduardo Barbosa , Della Pasqua Oscar , Alexandre Veriano , Takayanagui Osvaldo Massaiti , Tozatto Eduardo , Lanchote Vera Lucia 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTOxcarbazepine is a second‐generation antiepileptic drug indicated as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures or generalized tonic–clonic seizures in adults and children. It undergoes rapid presystemic reduction with formation of the active metabolite 10‐hydroxycarbazepine (MHD), which has a chiral center at position 10, with the enantiomers (S)‐(+)‐ and R‐(−)‐MHD showing similar antiepileptic effects. This study presents the development and validation of a method of sequential analysis of oxcarbazepine and MHD enantiomers in plasma using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Aliquots of 100 μL of plasma were extracted with a mixture of methyl tert‐butyl ether: dichloromethane (2:1). The separation of oxcarbazepine and the MHD enantiomers was obtained on a chiral phase Chiralcel OD‐H column, using a mixture of hexane:ethanol:isopropanol (80:15:5, v/v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min with a split ratio of 1:5, and quantification was performed by LC‐MS/MS. The limit of quantification was 12.5 ng oxcarbazepine and 31.25 ng of each MHD enantiomer/mL of plasma. The method was applied in the study of kinetic disposition of oxcarbazepine and the MHD enantiomers in the steady state after oral administration of 300 mg/12 h oxcarbazepine in a healthy volunteer. The maximum plasma concentration of oxcarbazepine was 1.2 µg/mL at 0.75 h. The kinetic disposition of MHD is enantioselective, with a higher proportion of the S‐(+)‐MHD enantiomer compared to R‐(−)‐MHD and an AUC0‐12 S‐(+)/R‐(−) ratio of 5.44. Chirality 25:897–903, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Auto‐Conveying Probing Apparatus for Extraction of Particle‐Free Samples from Process Gasses
Authors: Mescher Axel , Thönes Martin , Walzel Peter 
Published: October 2013

AbstractZur Inline‐Analyse der lokalen Gaszusammensetzung von Prozessströmen in Apparaten werden neben dem Analysegerät oftmals Filter zur Partikelabscheidung sowie Gasfördervorrichtungen zum Ausgleich des Messgeräte‐ und Filterdruckverlusts verwendet. Die Wechselwirkung des zu analysierenden Gases mit dem Filterkuchen kann den Messwert durch zusätzlichen Stoff‐ und Wärmetransport oder im Falle reaktiver Systeme durch zusätzlichen Reaktionsfortschritt beeinflussen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein im Versuchsbetrieb bewährter Sondenprototyp zur Gasprobenentnahme vorgestellt. Der Apparat stellt einerseits selbstansaugend einen Gasstrom zur Analyse bereit und erlaubt es, Partikel bereits am Ort der Probennahme nach dem Prinzip eines Abweiseradsichters abzutrennen.
Propylene/Propane Separation in Fixed‐Bed Adsorber and Membrane Permeation
Authors: Mundstock Alexander , Böhme Ulrike , Barth Benjamin , Hartmann Martin , Caro Jürgen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDie metallorganische Gerüstverbindung Mg2(dhtp) mit dem Linker Dihydroxyterephthalat ist als MOF‐74 oder CPO‐27 bekannt. Mg2(dhtp) wurde in Pulverform für die Messung von Durchbruchskurven im Festbettadsorber und Adsorptionsisothermen sowie als geträgerte dünne Membranschicht für Permeationsmessungen synthetisiert. Die Messung der Durchbruchskurven des binären Propylen/Propan‐Gemisches zeigt, dass eine Trennung im Festbettadsorber möglich ist. Es zeigt sich hier eine höhere Affinität des Propylens zum Adsorbens Mg2(dhtp). Obwohl der Einzelgasfluss von Propan höher als der von Propylen ist, weist die Mg2(dhtp)‐Membran für das binäre Gemisch kein Trennverhalten auf.
Kieselalgen
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractKieselalgen (Diatomeen) stellen eine höchst ungewöhnliche Organismengruppe dar. Sie erwarben den Photosynthese‐Apparat erst viel später als die Pflanzen. Erst vor 200 Millionen Jahren begann ihr rasanter Aufstieg, der ihnen starken Einfluss auf die geochemischen Zyklen und das Erdklima verlieh. Auch die in den vergangenen Jahren oft diskutierte Idee, Kohlendioxid durch Eisendüngung der Ozeane zu binden, zielt auf die Kieselalgen ab, da diese auf Nährstoffeintrag am schnellsten reagieren. Ihre feinziselierten Glasschalen interessieren auch die Nanotechnologen. Da die Kieselalgen in keine der traditionellen Schubladen der Wissenschaften hineinpassen und keinen gut untersuchten Modellorganismus haben, ist die Morphogenese dieser Schalen bisher unzureichend verstanden und kann noch nicht im Labor nachvollzogen werden.
Unsteady heat and mass transfer by MHD mixed convection flow from a rotating vertical cone with chemical reaction and Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Chamkha Ali J. , Rashad A. M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis work focused on the study of Soret and Dufour effects on unsteady coupled heat and mass transfer by mixed convection flow over a vertical cone rotating in an ambient fluid with a time‐dependent angular velocity in the presence of a magnetic field and chemical reaction. The cone surface is maintained at variable temperature and concentration. The resulting governing equations are non‐dimensionalised and transformed into a non‐similar form and then solved numerically by an implicit, iterative, finite‐difference method. Comparisons with previously published work are performed and excellent agreement is obtained. A parametric study showing the effects of the buoyancy parameter, magnetic field, chemical reaction parameter, Soret and Dufour numbers on the local tangential and azimuthal skin friction coefficients, and the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are conducted. These results are illustrated graphically to depict special features of the solutions.
Pumping characterisation of the maxblend impeller for Newtonian and strongly non‐Newtonian fluids
Authors: Stobiac Vincent , Fradette Louis , Tanguy Philippe A. , Bertrand Francois 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the pumping mechanisms generated by the Maxblend impeller. Simulation results obtained with the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) are presented for Newtonian fluids (Re = 2–140) and strongly shear‐thinning fluids (Reg = 0.1–50) obeying the Carreau–Yasuda model with a very small power index (n = 0.05). In the Newtonian case, the pumping numbers predicted by the LBM are shown to compare favourably to those obtained with the finite element (FEM) as well as to experimental data based on the decolourisation method. These results indicate a small pumping capacity in the deep laminar regime followed by its sharp increase in the transitional regime, a phenomenon which is explained by examining the flow field simulated with the LBM and the FEM and measured through PIV. In the case of the strongly shear thinning fluids, the impact of the rheology on pumping is investigated. The flow fields and so‐called pumping volumes predicted with the LBM reveal, similarly to the Newtonian case, a change in the structure of the axial and (secondary) radial flow when the Reynolds number is increased. Viscosity contours suggest that this phenomenon is in fact related to the occurrence of zones with very different apparent viscosities, which explains the problematic flow patterns observed experimentally with the PIV.
Kinetic analysis on thermo‐gravimetric profiles of pulverised coal pyrolysis and gasification under different oxy‐fuel environments
Authors: Irfan Muhammad Faisal , Chakrabarti Mohammed Harun , Kusakabe Katsuki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractReactivity analysis of pulverised coal in O2/N2/CO2 environments was carried out using thermo‐gravimetric method. At all temperature ranges, coal combustion in O2/CO2 and O2/N2 environments using equivalent oxygen concentrations was almost similar. However, when oxygen concentration increased the coal burning rate also increased thus reducing the burnout time and net combustion gas volume. With increasing heating rate, coal particles burnt at shorter times and at higher temperatures. Mathematical models of Doyle, Coats–Redfern and Freeman–Carroll were applied to determine activation energy and pre‐exponential factor of oxy‐coal combustion at various heating rates. However, kinetic parameters decreased when heating rates increased from 10 to 50 K/min.
DNA Binding and Oxidative Cleavage by a Water‐soluble Carboxyl Manganese(III) Corrole
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Qi , Wen Jinyan , Wang Xiangli , Mahmood Mian HR , Ji Liangnian , Liu Haiyang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe interaction of calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) and water‐soluble manganese corrole, 5,10,15‐tris(4‐carboxyphenyl)corrolatomanganese(III) (MnIIITCPC) has been studied by absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and CD spectra, as well as by viscosity measurements. Results revealed that this manganese corrole binds to CT DNA via an outside groove binding mode with intrinsic binding constant Kb of 4.67×104 L·mol−1. DNA cleavage activities of MnIIITCPC in the presence of various oxidants were also investigated. MnIIITCPC can cleave the supercoiled plasmid pBR322 DNA to both nicked and linear form in the presence of hydrogen peroxide or tert‐BuOOH, while no nuclease activity was observed by using KHSO5 as oxidant. Inhibitor tests revealed that hydroxyl radicals or singlet oxygen was not involved in MnIIITCPC mediated DNA oxidative cleavage. It is suggested that (oxo)manganese(V) corrole is the possibly active intermediate in this oxidative cleavage reactions.
New Core‐Expanded Naphthalene Diimides for n‐Channel Organic Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Hu Yunbin , Wang Zhongli , Zhang Xu , Yang Xiaodi , Li Hongxiang , Gao Xike 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFour classes of core‐expanded naphthalene diimides (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3 and 4) that bear different electron‐deficient sulfur heterocycles were designed and synthesized. The solution‐processed thin films of 1a, 2a, 3 and 4 operated well in air as n‐channel organic transistors with electron mobility ranging from ∼10−6 to 0.14 cm2/Vs, depending on the different conjugated backbones. The thin film microstructure studies were also carried out to understand the variations of the electron mobility for thin films of 1a, 2a, 3 and 4.
Simultaneous fixed and random effects selection in finite mixture of linear mixed‐effects models
Authors: Du Yeting , Khalili Abbas , Nešlehová Johanna G. , Steele Russell J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this article, we study finite mixtures of linear mixed‐effects (FMLME) models that are useful for longitudinal regression modelling in the presence of heterogeneity in both fixed and random effects. These models are computationally challenging when the number of covariates is large, and traditional variable selection techniques become expensive to implement. We introduce a penalized likelihood approach, and propose a nested EM algorithm for efficient numerical computations. The resulting estimators are shown to possess consistency and sparsity properties, and to be asymptotically normally distributed. We illustrate the performance of our method through simulations and a real data example. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 596–616; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada
Graphical and formal statistical tools for the symmetry of bivariate copulas
Authors: Quessy Jean‐François , Bahraoui Tarik 
Published: October 2013

AbstractStatistical tools to check whether the underlying copula of a pair of random variables is symmetric are developed. The proposed methods are based on the theoretical and empirical versions of the C‐power functions introduced and formally studied by Bahraoui & Quessy (2013). On one part, a methodology is developed for testing the null hypothesis that the copula of a given population is symmetric. To this end, a sequential testing procedure is proposed where at each level, the P‐value is estimated with the help of the multiplier bootstrap method. On another side, a related graphical method is proposed in order to gain an idea of the degree of asymmetry in bivariate data. The good properties of the methods in small samples are investigated with the help of Monte Carlo simulations under various scenarios of symmetric and asymmetric dependence. The newly introduced procedures are used to analyse the Nutrient and the Walker Lake data sets. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 637–656; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada
Robust estimation of distribution functions and quantiles with non‐ignorable missing data
Authors: Zhao Pu‐Ying , Tang Man‐Lai , Tang Nian‐Sheng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper considers several robust estimators for distribution functions and quantiles of a response variable when some responses may not be observed under the non‐ignorable missing data mechanism. Based on a particular semiparametric regression model for non‐ignorable missing response, we propose a nonparametric/semiparametric estimation method and an augmented inverse probability weighted imputation method to estimate the distribution function and quantiles of a response variable. Under some regularity conditions, we derive asymptotic properties of the proposed distribution function and quantile estimators. Two empirical log‐likelihood functions are also defined to construct confidence intervals for distribution function of a response variable. Simulation studies show that our proposed methods are robust. In particular, the semiparametric estimator is more efficient than the nonparametric estimator, and the inverse probability weighted imputation estimator is bias‐corrected.The Canadian Journal of Statistics41: 575–595; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada
Associations Between Sleep Duration and Prevalence of Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Aggarwal Saurabh , Loomba Rohit Seth , Arora Rohit Romesh , Molnar Janos 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundData regarding the associations between sleep duration and clinical cardiovascular (CV) events are limited. We aimed to analyze any associations between self‐reported sleep duration and CV events.HypothesisMethodsThis is a cross‐sectional analysis of nationally representative population of noninstitutionalized US civilians recruited in the 2007 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This is a questionnaire‐based study including only those subjects who answered questions on sleep duration and CV events. The main outcome measures were prevalence of congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery disease, and angina.ResultsAfter logistic regression analysis, significant associations between sleep duration and prevalence of stroke, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and angina were found. There was a statistically significant increase in stroke in those with <6 hours of sleep (odds ratio [OR]: 2.0111, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4356‐2.8174), in myocardial infarction in those with <6 hours of sleep (OR: 2.0489, 95% CI: 1.4878‐2.8216), in congestive heart failure in those with <6 hours of sleep (OR: 1.6702, 95% CI: 1.1555 to 2.4142), in coronary artery disease in those with >8 hours of sleep (OR: 1.1914, 95% CI: 1.0712‐3.4231), and in angina in those with >8 hours of sleep (OR: 2.0717, 95% CI: 1.0497‐4.0887).ConclusionsThe results of this cross‐sectional analysis suggest that sleep duration may be associated with the prevalence of various CV events.
Projected Costs and Consequences of Computed Tomography‐Determined Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Hlatky Mark A. , Saxena Akshay , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Erglis Andrejs , Zarins Christopher K. , Min James K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundRandomized trials have shown that fractional flow reserve (FFR) guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) improves clinical outcome and reduces costs compared with visually guided PCI. FFR has been measured during invasive coronary angiography (ICA), but can now be derived noninvasively from coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography (cCTA) images (FFRCT). The potential value of FFRCT in clinical decision making is unknown.HypothesisUse of FFRCT can reduce costs and improve outcomes among patients with suspected coronary artery disease.MethodsWe used clinical data from 96 patients in the DISCOVER‐FLOW (Diagnosis of Ischemia‐Causing Stenoses Obtained Via Noninvasive Fractional Flow Reserve) study and outcomes data from the literature to project the initial management costs and 1‐year death/myocardial infarction rates associated with 5 clinical strategies: (1) ICA with PCI based on visual angiographic assessment, (2) ICA with FFRICA‐guided PCI, (3) cCTA followed by ICA and PCI based on visual assessment, (4) cCTA followed by ICA with FFRICA‐guided PCI, and (5) cCTA FFRCT and PCI of lesions with FFRCT ≤0.80.ResultsThe projected initial management costs were highest for the ICA/visual strategy ($10 702), and lowest for the cCTA/FFRCT/ICA strategy ($7674). The use of FFRCT to select patients for ICA and PCI would result in 30% lower costs and 12% fewer events at 1 year compared with the most commonly used ICA/visual strategy.ConclusionsA strategy of using FFRCT to guide the selection of patients for ICA and PCI might reduce costs and improve clinical outcomes in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
Adiponectin Levels Are Elevated in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Santos Mário , Reis Abílio , Gonçalves Fabienne , Ferreira‐Pinto Manuel J. , Cabral Sofia , Torres Severo , Leite‐Moreira Adelino F. , Henriques‐Coelho Tiago 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to insulin‐sensitizing effects, adiponectin influences several mechanisms involved in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pathobiology. Insulin resistance has been associated with PAH, and elevated adiponectin levels have been described in left heart failure (HF) as a response to the increased metabolic stress. No studies have been performed in right HF or PAH patients.HypothesisCompared to healthy controls, PAH patients have a different plasma adipocytokine profile, higher insulin resistance, and higher inflammatory systemic activation.MethodsA case–control study was conducted in PAH patients individually matched for sex, age, and body mass index. We characterized the clinical features, functional status (6‐minute walking test), and hemodynamic profile of cases (n = 25). We measured insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment and high‐density lipoprotein/triglycerides ratio), inflammatory systemic activation (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein), and plasma adipocytokine profile (adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and resistin) in cases and controls.ResultsPAH patients had significantly higher adiponectin levels than controls (12.4 ± 6.9 vs 8.1 ± 4.5 µg/mL; P < 0.05) and higher high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (2.96 ± 3.2 vs 1.08 ± 1.1; P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in plasma levels of leptin, visfatin, and resistin between groups.ConclusionsAdiponectin levels are increased in PAH patients compared to controls. Further studies are needed to study the potential role of adiponectin as a PAH biomarker.
Very Large Database of Lipids: Rationale and Design
Authors: Martin Seth S. , Blaha Michael J. , Toth Peter P. , Joshi Parag H. , McEvoy John W. , Ahmed Haitham M. , Elshazly Mohamed B. , Swiger Kristopher J. , Michos Erin D. , Kwiterovich Peter O. , Kulkarni Krishnaji R. , Chimera Joseph , Cannon Christopher P. , Blumenthal Roger S. , Jones Steven R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBlood lipids have major cardiovascular and public health implications. Lipid‐lowering drugs are prescribed based in part on categorization of patients into normal or abnormal lipid metabolism, yet relatively little emphasis has been placed on: (1) the accuracy of current lipid measures used in clinical practice, (2) the reliability of current categorizations of dyslipidemia states, and (3) the relationship of advanced lipid characterization to other cardiovascular disease biomarkers. To these ends, we developed the Very Large Database of Lipids (NCT01698489), an ongoing database protocol that harnesses deidentified data from the daily operations of a commercial lipid laboratory. The database includes individuals who were referred for clinical purposes for a Vertical Auto Profile (Atherotech Inc., Birmingham, AL), which directly measures cholesterol concentrations of low‐density lipoprotein, very low‐density lipoprotein, intermediate‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, their subclasses, and lipoprotein(a). Individual Very Large Database of Lipids studies, ranging from studies of measurement accuracy, to dyslipidemia categorization, to biomarker associations, to characterization of rare lipid disorders, are investigator‐initiated and utilize peer‐reviewed statistical analysis plans to address a priori hypotheses/aims. In the first database harvest (Very Large Database of Lipids 1.0) from 2009 to 2011, there were 1 340 614 adult and 10 294 pediatric patients; the adult sample had a median age of 59 years (interquartile range, 49–70 years) with even representation by sex. Lipid distributions closely matched those from the population‐representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The second harvest of the database (Very Large Database of Lipids 2.0) is underway. Overall, the Very Large Database of Lipids database provides an opportunity for collaboration and new knowledge generation through careful examination of granular lipid data on a large scale.