bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant spatial aggregation and fine‐scale genetic structure in the homosporous fern Cyrtomium falcatum (Dryopteridaceae)
Authors: Chung Mi Yoon , Chung Myong Gi 
Published: May 2013

Summary

Spores of homosporous ferns are small, wind‐borne and thus have the potential for long‐distance dispersal. This common perception has led to a prediction of near‐random spatial genetic structure within fern populations. Spore dispersal and spore bank studies, however, indicate that most spores fall close to the maternal plant (< 5 m), supporting a prediction of significant fine‐scale genetic structure (FSGS) within populations.

To determine which of these two hypotheses is more likely to occur in nature, we measured inbreeding and quantified the spatial distribution of individuals and allozyme‐based genotypes using spatial autocorrelation methods within four populations of the fern Cyrtomium falcatum in southern South Korea.

Inbreeding levels were low, and all populations exhibited significant aggregation of individuals and strong FSGS.

The present results support the second hypothesis, and the substantial FSGS in C. falcatum could reflect the unique features of most homosporous ferns (outcrossing mating systems that lead a majority of spores to occur at short distances and a very limited dispersal distance of male gametes). Although fern spores are physically analogous to orchid seeds, the intensity of FSGS exhibited in C. falcatum is four times stronger than that in 16 terrestrial orchid species.
Induction of diapause and seasonal morphs in butterflies and other insects: knowns, unknowns and the challenge of integration
Authors: NYLIN SÖREN 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe ‘choice’ of whether to enter diapause or to develop directly has profound effects on the life histories of insects, and may thus have cascading consequences such as seasonal morphs and other less obvious forms of seasonal plasticity. Present knowledge of the control of diapause and seasonal morphs at the physiological and molecular levels is briefly reviewed. Examples, mainly derived from personal research (primarily on butterflies), are given as a starting point with the aim of outlining areas of research that are still poorly understood. These include: the role of the direction of change in photoperiod; the role of factors such as temperature and diet in modifying the photoperiodic responses; and the role of sex, parental effects and sex linkage on photoperiodic control. More generally, there is still a limited understanding of how external cues and physiological pathways regulating various traits are interconnected via gene action to form a co‐adapted complete phenotype that is adaptive in the wild despite environmental fluctuation and change.
The Development of a Community and Home‐Based Chronic Care Management Program for Older Adults
Authors: Cooper Jennifer , McCarter Kathryn A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to evaluate a chronic care management program piloted by a visiting nurses association. Desired outcomes were to increase nurses' knowledge of self‐management of chronic conditions and improve patient self‐efficacy and clinical measures.Program Plan and ImplementationThe program provided educational development for nurses and piloted encounters with patients with chronic conditions targeting community health nurses for a chronic care professional (CCP) certification and invited 300 faith community nurses to an education program on chronic condition(s). Thirteen patients with chronic condition(s) were enrolled. Chronic care professional modules were used to increase nurses' knowledge and were measured by successful completion of a certification exam. Faith community nurses participated in an education program and completed a posttest to measure knowledge of content. Patient improvement in self‐management was measured by pre‐ and postintervention self‐efficacy scores and clinical measures.Program EvaluationSeventeen nurses successfully completed the exam, and 38 faith community nurses participated in the program and completed the posttest. Three patients showed improvement in self‐efficacy scores and eight in clinical measures.ConclusionsThe educational development of community nurses prepared them to provide effective encounters to improve self‐efficacy and clinical outcomes for older adults with chronic conditions.
Bayesian Transformation Models for Multivariate Survival Data
Authors: de Castro Mário , Chen Ming‐Hui , Ibrahim Joseph G. , Klein John P. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose a general class of Gamma frailty transformation models for multivariate survival data. The transformation class includes the commonly used proportional hazards and proportional odds models. The proposed class also includes a family of cure rate models. Under an improper prior for the parameters, we establish propriety of the posterior distribution. A novel Gibbs sampling algorithm is developed for sampling from the observed data posterior distribution. A simulation study is conducted to examine the properties of the proposed methodology. An application to a data set from a cord blood transplantation study is also reported.
Semiparametric Mixtures of Symmetric Distributions
Authors: Butucea Cristina , Vandekerkhove Pierre 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe consider in this paper the semiparametric mixture of two unknown distributions equal up to a location parameter. The model is said to be semiparametric in the sense that the mixed distribution is not supposed to belong to a parametric family. To insure the identifiability of the model, it is assumed that the mixed distribution is zero symmetric, the model being then defined by the mixing proportion, two location parameters and the probability density function of the mixed distribution. We propose a new class ofM‐estimators of these parameters based on a Fourier approach and prove that they are‐consistent under mild regularity conditions. Their finite sample properties are illustrated by a Monte Carlo study, and a benchmark real dataset is also studied with our method.
Evaluating the impact of pre‐transplant desensitization utilizing a plasmapheresis and low‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin protocol on BK viremia in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Gabardi S. , Townsend K. , Martin S.T. , Chandraker A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundA correlation exists between polyomavirus BK (BKV) viremia in renal transplant recipients (RTR) and the degree of immunosuppression. However, the impact of pre‐transplant desensitization on the incidence of BKV viremia is unknown.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated living‐donor RTR between January 2004 and December 2008 receiving routine BKV viral load monitoring. Patients were divided into those who underwent pre‐transplant desensitization (n = 20) and those who did not (n = 71). The primary endpoint was the incidence of BKV viremia at 1 year post transplant.ResultsAll demographic data were similar, except for more female patients (65% vs. 36.6%; P = 0.0392) in the desensitized group. More desensitized patients had a previous transplant (75% vs. 12.7%; P < 0.0001) and were more likely to be induced with basiliximab (75% vs. 35.2%; P = 0.0021). Following transplantation, antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) rates were highest in the desensitized group (55% vs. 1.4%; P < 0.0001). The incidence of BKV viremia at 1 year post transplant was significantly higher in desensitized patients (45% vs. 19.7%; P = 0.0385). Desensitization was also associated with a higher prevalence of BKV viremia at any time post transplant (50% vs. 22.5%; P = 0.0245), polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy (20% vs. 2.8%; P = 0.0198) and BKV‐related allograft loss (10% vs. 0%; P = 0.0464). Also of note, in a subgroup analysis of only our desensitized patients, it did not appear that development of AMR significantly impacted the incidence of BKV viremia in these individuals.ConclusionsThis analysis reveals that pre‐transplant desensitization significantly increases the risk for BKV viremia and nephropathy.
COP1 re‐accumulates in the nucleus under shade
Authors: Pacín Manuel , Legris Martina , Casal Jorge J. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryShade‐avoider plants typically respond to shade‐light signals by increasing the rate of stem growth. CONSTITTUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (COP1) is an E3 ligase involved in the ubiquitin labelling of proteins targeted for degradation. In dark‐grown seedlings, COP1 accumulates in the nucleus and light exposure causes COP1 migration to the cytosol. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, COP1 accumulates in the nucleus under natural or simulated shade, despite the presence of far‐red light. In plants grown under white light, the transfer to shade‐light conditions triggers an unexpectedly rapid re‐accumulation of COP1 in the nucleus. The partial simulation of shade by lowering either blue or red light levels (maintaining far‐red light) caused COP1 nuclear re‐accumulation. Hypocotyl growth of wild‐type seedlings is more sensitive to afternoon shade than to morning shade. A residual response to shade was observed in the cop1 mutant background, but these seedlings showed inverted sensitivity as they responded to morning shade and not to afternoon shade. COP1 overexpression exaggerated the wild‐type pattern by enhancing afternoon sensitivity and making morning shade inhibitory of growth. COP1 nuclear re‐accumulation also responded more strongly to afternoon shade than to morning shade. These results are consistent with a signalling role of COP1 in shade avoidance. We propose a function of COP1 in setting the daily patterns of sensitivity to shade in the fluctuating light environments of plant canopies.
Downregulation of multiple CDK inhibitor ICK/KRP genes upregulates the E2F pathway and increases cell proliferation, and organ and seed sizes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Cheng Yan , Cao Ling , Wang Sheng , Li Yongpeng , Shi Xianzong , Liu Han , Li Lixia , Zhang Zhengli , Fowke Larry C. , Wang Hong , Zhou Yongming 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe ICK/KRP cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors are important plant cell cycle factors sharing only limited similarity with the metazoan CIP/KIP family of CDK inhibitors. Little is known about the specific functions of different ICK/KRP genes in planta. In this study, we created double and multiple mutants from five single Arabidopsis ICK/KRP T‐DNA mutants, and used a set of 20 lines for the functional investigation of the important gene family. There were gradual increases in CDK activity from single to multiple mutants, indicating that ICK/KRPs act as CDK inhibitors under normal physiological conditions in plants. Whereas lower‐order mutants showed no morphological phenotypes, the ick1 ick2 ick6 ick7 and ick1 ick2 ick5 ick6 ick7 mutants had a slightly altered leaf shape. The quintuple mutant had larger cotyledons, leaves, petals and seeds than the wild‐type control. At the cellular level, the ICK/KRP mutants had more but smaller cells in all the organs examined. These phenotypic effects became more apparent as more ICK/KRPs were downregulated, suggesting that to a large extent ICK/KRPs function in plants redundantly in a dosage‐dependent manner. Analyses also revealed increased expression of E2F‐dependent genes, and elevated RBR1 as well as an increased level of phospho‐RBB1 protein in the quintuple mutant. Thus, downregulation of multiple ICK/KRP genes increases CDK activity, upregulates the E2F pathway and stimulates cell proliferation, resulting in increased cell numbers, and larger organs and seeds.
Genome‐wide transcript analysis of early maize leaf development reveals gene cohorts associated with the differentiation of C4 Kranz anatomy
Authors: Wang Peng , Kelly Steven , Fouracre Jim P. , Langdale Jane A. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryPhotosynthesis underpins the viability of most ecosystems, with C4 plants that exhibit ‘Kranz’ anatomy being the most efficient primary producers. Kranz anatomy is characterized by closely spaced veins that are encircled by two morphologically distinct photosynthetic cell types. Although Kranz anatomy evolved multiple times, the underlying genetic mechanisms remain largely elusive, with only the maize scarecrow gene so far implicated in Kranz patterning. To provide a broader insight into the regulation of Kranz differentiation, we performed a genome‐wide comparative analysis of developmental trajectories in Kranz (foliar leaf blade) and non‐Kranz (husk leaf sheath) leaves of the C4 plant maize. Using profile classification of gene expression in early leaf primordia, we identified cohorts of genes associated with procambium initiation and vascular patterning. In addition, we used supervised classification criteria inferred from anatomical and developmental analyses of five developmental stages to identify candidate regulators of cell‐type specification. Our analysis supports the suggestion that Kranz anatomy is patterned, at least in part, by a SCARECROW/SHORTROOT regulatory network, and suggests likely components of that network. Furthermore, the data imply a role for additional pathways in the development of Kranz leaves.
Arabidopsis plants lacking PsbQ and PsbR subunits of the oxygen‐evolving complex show altered PSII super‐complex organization and short‐term adaptive mechanisms
Authors: Allahverdiyeva Yagut , Suorsa Marjaana , Rossi Fabio , Pavesi Andrea , Kater Martin M. , Antonacci Alessia , Tadini Luca , Pribil Mathias , Schneider Anja , Wanner Gerhard , Leister Dario , Aro Eva‐Mari , Barbato Roberto , Pesaresi Paolo 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe oxygen‐evolving complex of eukaryotic photosystem II (PSII) consists of four extrinsic subunits, PsbO (33 kDa), PsbP (23 kDa), PsbQ (17 kDa) and PsbR (10 kDa), encoded by seven nuclear genes, PsbO1 (At5g66570), PsbO2 (At3g50820), PsbP1 (At1g06680), PsbP2 (At2g30790), PsbQ1 (At4g21280), PsbQ2 (At4g05180) and PsbR (At1g79040). Using Arabidopsis insertion mutant lines, we show that PsbP1, but not PsbP2, is essential for photoautotrophic growth, whereas plants lacking both forms of PsbQ and/or PsbR show normal growth rates. Complete elimination of PsbQ has a minor effect on PSII function, but plants lacking PsbR or both PsbR and PsbQ are characterized by more pronounced defects in PSII activity. Gene expression and immunoblot analyses indicate that accumulation of each of these proteins is highly dependent on the presence of the others, and is controlled at the post‐transcriptional level, whereas PsbO stability appears to be less sensitive to depletion of other subunits of the oxygen‐evolving complex. In addition, comparison of levels of the PSII super‐complex in wild‐type and mutant leaves reveals the importance of the individual subunits of the oxygen‐evolving complex for the supramolecular organization of PSII and their influence on the rate of state transitions.
Suggestions for the diagnosis and elimination of hepatitis E virus in pigs used for xenotransplantation
Authors: Busby Stacey‐Ann , Crossan Claire , Godwin Jon , Petersen Bjoern , Galli Cesare , Cozzi Emanuele , Takeuchi Yasu , Scobie Linda 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered a zoonotic pathogen. In xenotransplantation, given the high prevalence of HEV infection in pigs, the risk of zoonotic transmission from a porcine source is considered high. Currently no clear data are available on how to diagnose and eliminate HEV in herds used for medical purposes and the importance of viral infection at the stage of harvest. In this study, several groups of animals currently used for medical purposes were found RNA positive in both serum and faeces for HEV genotype 3. In addition, viraemia was found in animals up to 3.6 yr of age, which is much longer than originally expected. Herd transmission rates appeared to be significantly lower in animals kept under minimal barrier conditions, compared with those observed for commercial animals, and as expected, segregation of animals at an early age prevented spread of infection. This study makes suggestions to ensure appropriate detection and eradication of HEV from a donor herd to be used for xenotransplantation purposes.
Residues of Eisenstein series and the automorphic cohomology of reductive groups
Authors: Grobner Harald 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLet $G$ be a connected, reductive algebraic group over a number field $F$ and let $E$ be an algebraic representation of ${G}_{\infty } $. In this paper we describe the Eisenstein cohomology ${ H}_{\mathrm{Eis} }^{q} (G, E)$ of $G$ below a certain degree ${q}_{ \mathsf{res} } $ in terms of Franke’s filtration of the space of automorphic forms. This entails a description of the map ${H}^{q} ({\mathfrak{m}}_{G} , K, \Pi \otimes E)\rightarrow { H}_{\mathrm{Eis} }^{q} (G, E)$, $q\lt {q}_{ \mathsf{res} } $, for all automorphic representations $\Pi $ of $G( \mathbb{A} )$ appearing in the residual spectrum. Moreover, we show that below an easily computable degree ${q}_{ \mathsf{max} } $, the space of Eisenstein cohomology ${ H}_{\mathrm{Eis} }^{q} (G, E)$ is isomorphic to the cohomology of the space of square-integrable, residual automorphic forms. We discuss some more consequences of our result and apply it, in order to derive a result on the residual Eisenstein cohomology of inner forms of ${\mathrm{GL} }_{n} $ and the split classical groups of type ${B}_{n} $, ${C}_{n} $, ${D}_{n} $.
Selection and Recombinant Phenotyping of a Novel CMX001 and Cidofovir Resistance Mutation in Human Cytomegalovirus
Authors: James Scott H. , Price Nathan B. , Hartline Caroll B. , Lanier E. Randall , Prichard Mark N. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

CMX001 is an orally available lipid acyclic nucleotide phosphonate that delivers high intracellular levels of cidofovir (CDV)-diphosphate and exhibits enhanced
in vitro
antiviral activity against a wide range of double-stranded DNA viruses, including cytomegalovirus (CMV). Mutations in the DNA polymerase of CMV that impart resistance to CDV also render the virus resistant to CMX001. Here, we report a novel resistance mutation that arose under the selective pressure of CMX001. The wild-type CMV strain AD169 was propagated in human foreskin fibroblasts under increasing concentrations of CMX001 over 10 months, and the resulting strain (named CMX001
R
) was less susceptible to CDV and CMX001 in a plaque reduction assay. Genotypic analysis of virus strain CMX001
R
via conventional sequencing of the genes encoding the CMV DNA polymerase (
UL54
) and UL97 kinase (
UL97
) demonstrated one mutation that changed the wild-type aspartate to glutamate at position 542 in
UL54
. A recombinant virus with this novel D542E mutation was generated via bacterial artificial chromosome-mediated marker transfer experiments. Subsequent phenotypic resistance analysis of the D542E mutant demonstrated reductions in susceptibility of greater than 10-fold to CMX001 and CDV, but no resistance to foscarnet (FOS) or ganciclovir (GCV). Analysis of replicative fitness showed that both strain CMX001
R
and the D542E mutant viruses demonstrated a smaller plaque phenotype and slower replication kinetics than their respective parent viruses. These data describe the first resistance mutation generated under the selective pressure of CMX001 and suggest that CMX001 may have a unique resistance profile associated with reduced viral replication and maintenance of sensitivity to FOS and GCV.
Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase III Beta Is Essential for Replication of Human Rhinovirus and Its Inhibition Causes a Lethal Phenotype
In Vivo
Authors: Spickler Catherine , Lippens Julie , Laberge Marie-Kristine , Desmeules Sophie , Bellavance Édith , Garneau Michel , Guo Tim , Hucke Oliver , Leyssen Pieter , Neyts Johan , Vaillancourt Fréderic H. , Décor Anne , O'Meara Jeff , Franti Michael , Gauthier Annick 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the predominant cause of the common cold, but more importantly, infection may have serious repercussions in asthmatics and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) patients. A cell-based antiviral screen against HRV was performed with a subset of our proprietary compound collection, and an aminothiazole series with pan-HRV species and enteroviral activity was identified. The series was found to act at the level of replication in the HRV infectious cycle.
In vitro
selection and sequencing of aminothiazole series-resistant HRV variants revealed a single-nucleotide mutation leading to the amino acid change I42V in the essential HRV 3A protein. This same mutation has been previously implicated in resistance to enviroxime, a former clinical-stage antipicornavirus agent. Enviroxime-like compounds have recently been shown to target the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III beta (PI4KIIIβ). A good correlation between PI4KIIIβ activity and HRV antiviral potency was found when analyzing the data over 80 compounds of the aminothiazole series, covering a 750-fold potency range. The mechanism of action through PI4KIIIβ inhibition was further demonstrated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of PI4KB, which reduced HRV replication and also increased the potency of the PI4KIIIβ inhibitors. Inhibitors from two different structural classes with promising pharmacokinetic profiles and with very good selectivity for PI4KIIIβ were used to dissociate compound-related toxicity from target-related toxicity. Mortality was seen in all dosing groups of mice treated with either compound, therefore suggesting that short-term inhibition of PI4KIIIβ is deleterious.
Determination of Voriconazole Serum Concentration by Bioassay, a Valid Method for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Clinical Laboratories
Authors: Cendejas-Bueno Emilio , Cuenca-Estrella Manuel , Gomez-Lopez Alicia 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
We describe here a simple, fast, and reliable bioassay method for therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole. Fifty-eight clinical and external quality control samples were evaluated with this microbiological assay, and results were compared with those obtained with a previously validated chromatographic method. A good correlation between both assays was observed. This particular microbiological method was demonstrated to be simple and offers enough precision and accuracy to perform voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in laboratories without specialized equipment.
Transition Metal–α-Amino Acid Complexes with Antibiotic Activity against Mycobacterium spp
Authors: Karpin George W. , Merola Joseph S. , Falkinham Joseph O. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Synthetic iridium-, rhodium-, and ruthenium-amino acid complexes with hydrophobic
l
-amino acids have antibiotic activity against
Mycobacterium
spp., including
Mycobacterium bovis
BCG and the rapidly growing species
Mycobacterium abscessus
and
Mycobacterium chelonae
. Concentrations of transition metal-amino acid complexes demonstrating hemolysis or cytotoxicity were 10- to 25-fold higher than were the MICs.