bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catheterization Diastolic Pressures Correlate with Diastolic Dyssynchrony in Patients with Single Right Ventricles
Authors: Stiver Corey , Gokhale Janaki , Husain Nazia , Nicholson Lisa , Cordier Joyce , Van Lente Lindsey , Holzer Ralf J. , Cua Clifford L. 
Published: December 2013

IntroductionDiastolic dyssynchrony has correlated with pulmonary capillary wedge pressures in patients with normal cardiac anatomy. No data exist in single right ventricle (sRV) patients. Goal of this study was to determine if diastolic dyssynchrony in sRV patients correlates with ventricular end‐diastolic pressures (VEDP).MethodsTissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and strain rate (SR) analysis of sRV patients undergoing catheterization were performed. Time interval from onset of QRS to peak TDI e'‐wave was obtained. Differences in intervals were calculated: QRS (RV) − QRS (IVS) and QRS (RV) − QRS (LV). Time interval from onset of QRS to peak strain rate early diastolic wave (SRe) was obtained for the 6 segment model sRV. Standard deviation of the 6 SRe time intervals was calculated. Correlation of VEDP with timing intervals was analyzed.ResultsForty sRV patients were evaluated. Age was 2.8 ± 3.5 years. Catheterization VEDP of the sRV was 9.3 ± 3.9 mmHg (median 8 mmHg range 4–24 mmHg). QRS (RV) − QRS (IVS) was 22.3 ± 18.1 msec and QRS (RV) − QRS (LV) was 23.7 ± 19.0 msec. SRe standard deviation of the sRV was 61.6 ± 23.9 msec. There was no significant correlation with VEDP and QRS (RV) − QRS (IVS) (r = 0.1, P = NS) or with QRS (RV) − QRS (LV) (r = 0.2, P = NS). There was a significant correlation of VEDP with the SRe standard deviation value (r = 0.4, P < 0.05).ConclusionDiastolic dyssynchrony correlated with VEDP in patients with sRV physiology. Future studies are needed to determine the significance of these findings.
Self‐face recognition in the ultra‐high risk for psychosis population
Authors: Jia HongXiao , Yang JingMing , Zhu Hong , Liu Jia , Barnaby Nelson 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimPhenomenological research indicates that disturbance of the basic sense of self may be a core phenotypic marker of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Self‐face recognition (SFR) is an experimental paradigm which can assess the basic sense of self. In this study, we used SFR to determine whether basic self‐disturbance is present in the ultra‐high risk (UHR) for psychosis population at the perceptual level.MethodsTwenty‐three UHR individuals and 23 healthy comparison subjects were administered the SFR task. The study consisted of a 2 × 3 × 2 design: two group levels (UHR for psychosis group and the healthy comparison group); three task levels (self‐famous task, self‐stranger task, famous‐stranger task); and two hand levels (left hand and right hand). Threshold limit values in face recognition were analysed.ResultsThe analysis indicated effects for group (F(1, 43) = 5.197, P < 0.05) and interaction effects between group and task (F = 4.767, P < 0.05). An independent samples t‐test was used to compare the threshold limit values of the same task between the two groups. For self‐famous task, the threshold limit values of the UHR group were higher than those of healthy group both in the left and right hands (t = 2.734, P < 0.05; t = 2.864, P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found in self‐stranger task and famous‐stranger task (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThis SFR study indicates that basic self‐disturbance is present in the UHR for psychosis at the behavioural level in comparison with a healthy comparison group.
Internalized stigma, emotional dysfunction and unusual experiences in young people at risk of psychosis
Authors: Pyle Melissa , Stewart Suzanne L.K. , French Paul , Byrne Rory , Patterson Paul , Gumley Andrew , Birchwood Max , Morrison Anthony P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimsTo investigate the relationship between internalized stigma, depression, social anxiety and unusual experiences in young people considered to be at risk of developing psychosis.MethodsA total of 288 participants meeting criteria for an at‐risk mental state were recruited as part of a multisite randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for people meeting criteria for an at risk mental state (ARMS). The sample was assessed at baseline and 6 months using measures of at risk mental states, internalized stigma, depression and social anxiety.ResultsThe Personal Beliefs about Experiences Questionnaire was validated for use with an ARMS sample. Correlational analyses at baseline indicated significant relationships between internalized stigma and: (i) depression; (ii) social anxiety; (iii) distress associated with unusual psychological experiences; and (iv) suicidal thinking. Regression analysis indicates negative appraisals of unusual experiences contributed significantly to depression scores at 6‐month follow up when controlling for baseline depression and unusual psychological experiences.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that internalized stigma may contribute to the development and maintenance of depression in young people at risk of psychosis.
Activation of primary sensory neurons by the topical application of capsaicin on the epidermis of a re‐innervated organotypic human skin model
Authors: Lebonvallet Nicolas , Pennec Jean‐Pierre , Le Gall‐Ianotto Christelle , Chéret Jérémy , Jeanmaire Christine , Carré Jean‐Luc , Pauly Gilles , Misery Laurent 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUsing an ex vivo skin‐nerve preparation, skin and nerve cells were reconstituted into a single unit and maintained in a nutrient medium bath until required experimentally. Our objective was to use the epidermis as a relay for the induction of an electric current to the neurons following the topical application of capsaicin on the skin epidermis of the skin explant, an agonist of the TRPV1 channel implicated in pruritus and pain. After 10–20 days of coculture to form the re‐innervated skin model, we applied a solution of capsaicin directly on the epidermis of the skin explant (4 μm). The resulting current was recorded using a path‐clamp technique on the neuronal fibres. Following the topical application of capsaicin, spontaneous activity was triggered, as characterised by repetitive spikes with periods of 125, 225 or 275 ms. This study demonstrates that the skin explant and nerve cells preparation may receive stimuli and be used to screen molecules or to study signal transmission.
Continuous high‐dose antigen exposure preferentially induces IL‐10, but intermittent antigen exposure induces IL‐4
Authors: Yamanaka Keiichi , Nakanishi Takehisa , Watanabe Jun , Kondo Makoto , Yamagiwa Akisa , Gabazza Esteban C. , Mizutani Hitoshi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIL‐10 plays a critical role in the induction of specific T‐cell tolerance. To date, whether IL‐10 induction by antigen application is dose‐ or time‐dependent remains unclear. In this study, IL‐10 induction by allergen exposure was investigated in the several schedules. Oxazolone was repeatedly applied to mouse ear, and mRNA of inflammatory cytokines in lesional skins was measured. The results indicated that continuous high‐dose antigen exposure induces IL‐4 as well as abundant IL‐10 production. Monocytes/dendritic cells and T cells are major source of IL‐10. Allergen‐specific immunotherapy is resumed before antigen scattering: preseason. We evaluated safe‐loading dose of allergens in preseasonal therapy focusing Tr1 induction. Restarting immunotherapy with high dose effectively augmented IL‐10 expression accompanied with further induction of IL‐4 and inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, the protocol restarting with low‐dose antigen is preferential to obviate the risk of exacerbation or anaphylaxis.
Knockdown of Sec8 promotes cell‐cycle arrest at G1/S phase by inducing p21 via control of FOXO proteins
Authors: Tanaka Toshiaki , Iino Mituyoshi 
Published: December 2013

p21Cip1 protein inhibits the activity of cyclins at the G1 checkpoint and influences transition of cells from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, expression of members of the FOXO family (active form of forkhead transcription factors of the O class) in dividing cells promotes cell‐cycle arrest at the G1/S boundary via regulation of p21Cip1. Recently, the exocyst complex, including Sec8, has been implicated in various roles independent of its role in secretion, such as cell migration, invadopodia formation, cytokinesis, glucose uptake and neural development. Given the essential roles of the exocyst complex in cellular and developmental processes, disruption of its function may be involved in various diseases such as cancer, diabetes and neuronal disorders. However, the relationship between Sec8 and the cell cycle remains to be elucidated. In this study, knockdown of Sec8 inhibited cell growth and promoted cell‐cycle arrest at the G1/S phase by control of p21 expression and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, Sec8 regulated FOXO family proteins via ubiquitin–proteasome degradation by regulating the expression of the murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) protein but not S‐phase kinase‐associated protein 2 (Skp2).
Chronologic changes of explanted liver volume and the use of ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with end‐stage primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Tanaka Tomohiro , Yamashiki Noriyo , Sugawara Yasuhiko , Tamura Sumihito , Nakamura Minoru , Kaneko Junichi , Aoki Taku , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: December 2013

AimThe clinical presentation of Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) at the time of liver transplantation (LT) may have changed, due to the long‐term use of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate whether the clinical characteristics of LT recipients with PBC have changed over the years.MethodsOf all 421 adults undergoing LT from 1997 to 2012 at our center, we included 85 recipients with PBC into the present study. The 85 recipients were divided into three groups according to the year LT was performed: group 1 (1997–2001, n = 29), group 2 (2002–2005, n = 29) and group 3 (2006–2012, n = 27).ResultsThere were no significant differences in sex, recipient age, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, updated Mayo risk score for PBC, or liver‐related complications except for esophageal varices among the three groups. Patients in group 1 were complicated with esophageal varices less frequently than those in the other two groups. In older cases, the ratio of explanted liver volume to standard liver volume (ELV/SLV) was significantly higher, and the duration of pre‐LT UDCA treatment was significantly shorter. The duration of UDCA treatment was significantly correlated with ELV/SLV.ConclusionRecent LT patients were characterized by more frequent portal hypertension and more severe liver atrophy, with longer UDCA therapy prior to LT, which might have prevented the somewhat rapid progression of liver failure characterized by hepatomegaly with insignificant fibrosis or portal hypertension.
Heterogeneity of serum gelatinases MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 isoforms and charge variants
Authors: Rossano Rocco , Larocca Marilena , Riviello Lea , Coniglio Maria Gabriella , Vandooren Jennifer , Liuzzi Grazia Maria , Opdenakker Ghislain , Riccio Paolo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) gelatinase A (MMP‐2) and gelatinase B (MMP‐9) are mediators of brain injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) and valuable biomarkers of disease activity. We applied bidimensional zymography (2‐DZ) as an extension of classic monodimensional zymography (1‐DZ) to analyse the complete pattern of isoforms and post‐translational modifications of both MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 present in the sera of MS patients. The enzymes were separated on the basis of their isoelectric points (pI) and apparent molecular weights (Mw) and identified both by comparison with standard enzyme preparations and by Western blot analysis. Two MMP‐2 isoforms, and at least three different isoforms and two different states of organization of MMP‐9 (the multimeric MMP‐9 and the N‐GAL‐MMP‐9 complex) were observed. In addition, 2‐DZ revealed for the first time that all MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 isoforms actually exist in the form of charge variants: four or five variants in the N‐GAL complex, more charge variants in the case of MMP‐9; and five to seven charge variants for MMP‐2. Charge variants were also observed in recombinant enzymes and, after concentration, also in sera from healthy individuals. Sialylation (MMP‐9) and phosphorylation (MMP‐2) contributed to molecular heterogeneity. The detection of charge variants of MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 in MS serum samples illustrates the power of 2‐DZ and demonstrates that in previous studies MMP mixtures, rather than single molecules, were analysed. These observations open perspectives for better diagnosis and prognosis of many diseases and need to be critically interpreted when applying other methods for MS and other diseases.
Between Youth Policy and Employment Policy: The Rise, Limits and Ambiguities of a Corporatist System of Youth Representation within the EU
Authors: Chabanet Didier 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article outlines the evolution of youth European policies, in a context marked for over 25 years by a very high level of youth unemployment, exacerbated since 2008 by the economic crisis. It is striking that the European Union (EU) has until recently preferred a transversal approach to youth, considering youth unemployment as an issue among others. Moreover, the difficulty of the EU to co‐operate with a wide spectrum of youth organizations is obvious, especially with those in favour of a far more protective approach against youth employment. However, we seem to witness the rise of a corporatist system in the field of youth, in which a few organizations are considered as legitimate interlocutors, even if they are consulted on issues which are the less sensitive at the expense of youth unemployment policies.
Evaluation of alternatives to expanded polystyrene beads for mosquito control
Authors: Irish S. R. , Chen‐Hussey V. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractExpanded polystyrene (EPS) beads have been shown to be an effective tool for controlling immature stages of mosquitoes, as well as preventing oviposition by adults. Polystyrene does not biodegrade quickly, resulting in some concerns about its effect on the environment. A potential solution is the use of biodegradable materials that cover the surface of mosquito breeding sites in the same way as EPS beads. Two candidates are polylactic acid (PLA) beads and corn starch shreds. Larval mortality and adult emergence of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) were monitored in bowls with each of four treatments: EPS beads, PLA beads, corn starch shreds and a control. The PLA beads were as effective as EPS beads at preventing mosquito emergence, whereas the shredded corn starch treatment resulted in significantly higher rates of emergence to the control. Similarly, EPS and PLA beads resulted in 100% mortality after 10 days, while there was low mortality of larvae in the corn starch (9%) and control treatments (20%). PLA beads provided similar levels of mortality and reduction in adult emergence as EPS beads. However, the production requirements of PLA beads may limit its use in field conditions.
Vestibular development in marsupials and monotremes
Authors: Ashwell Ken W. S. , Shulruf Boaz 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe young of marsupials and monotremes are all born in an immature state, followed by prolonged nurturing by maternal lactation in either a pouch or nest. Nevertheless, the level of locomotor ability required for newborn marsupials and monotremes to reach the safety of the pouch or nest varies considerably: some are transferred to the pouch or nest in an egg (monotremes); others are transferred passively by gravity (e.g. dasyurid marsupials); some have only a horizontal wriggle to make (e.g. peramelid and didelphid marsupials); and others must climb vertically for a long distance to reach the maternal pouch (e.g. diprotodontid marsupials). In the present study, archived sections of the inner ear and hindbrain held in the Bolk, Hill and Hubrecht collections at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, were used to test the relationship between structural maturity of the vestibular apparatus and the locomotor challenges that face the young of these different mammalian groups. A system for staging different levels of structural maturity of the vestibular apparatus was applied to the embryos, pouch young and hatchlings, and correlated with somatic size as indicated by greatest body length. Dasyurids are born at the most immature state, with the vestibular apparatus at little more than the otocyst stage. Peramelids are born with the vestibular apparatus at a more mature state (fully developed semicircular ducts and a ductus reuniens forming between the cochlear duct and saccule, but no semicircular canals). Diprotodontids and monotremes are born with the vestibular apparatus at the most mature state for the non‐eutherians (semicircular canals formed, maculae present, but vestibular nuclei in the brainstem not yet differentiated). Monotremes and marsupials reach the later stages of vestibular apparatus development at mean body lengths that lie within the range of those found for laboratory rodents (mouse and rat) reaching the same vestibular stage.
Personality, Relationships, and Health
Authors: Markey Charlotte N. , Markey Patrick M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis special issue of the Journal of Personality focuses on the importance of considering both personality and relationship forces when examining physical and psychological health. The nine articles presented in this issue employed a variety of research designs, theoretical rationales, health outcomes, and advanced statistical methodologies in order to better understand how both individual differences and social factors are relevant to our health. These articles embody several prominent themes: Conscientiousness is a robust predictor of health; traits beyond the Five‐Factor Model should be considered in attempts to understand personality, relationships, and health; links among personality, relationships, and health begin early in life; and relationship transitions are consequential to health. It is hoped that these studies inspire personality researchers to consider the relationship context of health and relationship researchers to consider individual differences when attempting to understand health behaviors and outcomes.
Fig Viruses in Mainland Spain
Authors: Alfaro‐Fernández Ana , Hernández‐Llopis Desamparados , Font María Isabel 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA survey of fig viruses was conducted from 2010 to 2012 on individual fig trees from outdoor gardens showing different symptoms associated with fig mosaic disease. A total of 30 fig leaf samples were collected from eight different provinces of mainland Spain and tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) to assess the presence of fig mosaic virus (FMV), fig leaf mottle‐associated virus 1 (FLMaV‐1), fig leaf mottle‐associated virus 2 (FLMaV‐2), fig mild mottle‐associated virus (FMMaV), fig latent virus 1 (FLV‐1) and Fig fleck‐associated virus (FFkaV). The 96.7% (29 samples of 30) of the analysed samples were infected with FMV, 16.7% (5 of 30) with FLMaV‐1 and 26.7% (8 of 30) with FMMaV, whereas all samples were negative for FLMaV‐2, FLV‐1 and FFkaV. Mixed infection was observed in 13 samples. Sequencing analyses results showed that FMV, FMMaV and FLMaV‐1 Spanish isolates shared 89–93% nt identity with other Mediterranean isolates of the same viruses. Phylogenetic analyses of the amplified RdRp fragment from the FMV grouped the Spanish isolates into a subgroup together with Japanese, Canadian and some Serbian and Turkish isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of FMV, FMMaV and FLMaV‐1 occurring in mainland Spain.
Infection of Vitis vinifera (cv Chardonnay) Inflorescences by Colletotrichum acutatum and Greeneria uvicola
Authors: Greer Lindsay A. , Harper John D. I. , Steel Christopher C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDetached Vitis vinifera (cv Chardonnay) inflorescences were inoculated with spore suspensions of either Colletotrichum acutatum or Greeneria uvicola at 25°C, and a combination of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and plating out of inoculated flowers on to dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar was used to investigate the time frame for infection. Colletotrichum acutatum infection commenced within 2 h of inoculation, while infection by G. uvicola commenced between 12 and 18 h postinoculation. All parts of the flowers were infected by both fungi.
Analysis of hospital‐based emergency department visits for dental caries in the United States in 2008
Authors: Walker Andre , Probst Janice C. , Martin Amy B. , Bellinger Jessica D. , Merchant Anwar 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectivesUsing nationally representative data, we examined differences in dental care utilization in emergency departments (EDs) among working age adults associated with rural residence and lack of health insurance.MethodsWe used data from the 2008 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, restricted to working age adults (ages 19‐64; 16,928,424 observations). The dependent variable was a principal diagnosis of dental caries. The primary independent variable was patient's area of residence, rural versus urban. The control variables were payer, age, gender, median income, region, and admission timing. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association with residence, payer, and other covariates. Multivariate logistic regression models were estimated.ResultsIn 2008, there were an estimated 74 million ED visits among working adults ages 19‐64 in the United States. Dental caries accounted for between 0.2 percent and 1.0 percent of all visits, depending on patient characteristics. Rural patients were significantly more likely than urban patients to have dental visits. Dental visits were more prevalent among patient with government insurance or self ‐pay relative to the privately insured.ConclusionsThe Affordable Care Act may reduce the proportion of self‐pay visits for dental care. Medicaid expansion may not result in improved dental use among Medicaid patients unless dental services are covered and dental practitioners appropriately engaged.
Intron evolution in a phylogenetic perspective: Divergent trends in the two copies of the duplicated def gene in Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae)
Authors: VOLKMAR Ute , SMETS Erik F. , LENZ Henning , JANSSENS Steven B. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe history of MADS box genes is well‐known in angiosperms. While duplication events and gene losses occur frequently, gene structure and intron positions are very conserved. We investigated all six introns in a duplicated MADS box gene (deficiens, def) in selected Impatiens taxa, thereby assessing intron features. For the first time, our study provides a comparison of molecular changes in all introns of a gene from a phylogenetic perspective. Interestingly, a uniform pattern of molecular evolution in the introns of each copy was not observed, but intron length increases, decreases, and size retention can be found in each copy. A tendency to accumulate long autapomorphic indels is also present, thus, a longer intron length does not reflect a higher number of parsimony‐informative characters. Substitution rates vary between introns of each gene copy. While four of the six introns of def1 exhibit a change in their substitution rate, five of the six def2 introns maintain their rates throughout the genus albeit at different levels. In MADS box genes several regulatory sequences are found residing in introns. Thus, presence of putative regulatory motifs was investigated. Most of them are not conserved in position and usually present in only one of the gene copies. In addition, the potential for phylogenetic reconstruction of introns in both def copies is shortly discussed.