bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balancing bioenergy expansion and restoration: Global shifts in biodiversity intactness
Authors: Tudge Sophie Jane , Murphy Richard , Harris Zoe M. , De Palma Adriana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

To combat climate change, bioenergy is expected to play a more substantial role in the global energy mix, necessitating the expansion of energy crop plantations during the 21st century. Low‐quality or abandoned agricultural land is commonly proposed for growing energy crops. However, restoring such agricultural land back to natural vegetation is also key for global biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. Thus, understanding the ecological implications of land‐use changes involving both energy crop plantations and restoration is required.

Here, we use biodiversity data to calculate the Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII) in different land uses, including energy crop plantations. We combine our BII models with maps of land use, crop yields and priority areas for restoration to estimate the effects on BII of changes in land use, from the current day, due to bioenergy expansion. We then compare the effects on BII of replacing either any land with energy crops, or only existing agricultural land that is a priority for restoration. Finally, we contrast the effects on BII of planting energy crops versus restoring natural vegetation in priority areas for restoration.

Planting energy crops in places with relatively high amounts of natural vegetation and high BII would substantially reduce BII.

Planting energy crops only on existing agricultural land that is a priority for restoration would result in less negative effects on BII than planting such crops in high BII areas, and small increases in BII in places with less remaining natural vegetation. However, restoring natural vegetation in priority areas, rather than expanding energy crops, would result in better outcomes for BII.

Contrasting the spatial effects on BII of planting energy crops compared with restoring natural vegetation highlights places where energy crops could be the least detrimental to BII, such as Central Europe and the east coasts of the USA and China.

Synthesis and applications. While restoration is the best strategy for biodiversity, planting energy crops on agricultural land rather than replacing natural vegetation could minimise losses in biodiversity intactness. However, achieving targets for bioenergy, climate change and restoration will require strategic land‐use planning to minimise ecological compromises.
Postpartum haemorrhage and risk of cardiovascular disease in later life: A population‐based record linkage cohort study
Authors: Latt Su Mon , Opondo Charles , Alderdice Fiona , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Rowe Rachel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and subsequent cardiovascular disease.DesignPopulation‐based retrospective cohort study, using record linkage between Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank (AMND) and Scottish healthcare data sets.SettingGrampian region, Scotland.PopulationA cohort of 70 904 women who gave birth after 24 weeks of gestation in the period 1986–2016.MethodsWe used extended Cox regression models to investigate the association between having had one or more occurrences of PPH in any (first or subsequent) births (exposure) and subsequent cardiovascular disease, adjusted for sociodemographic, medical, and pregnancy and birth‐related factors.Main Outcome MeasuresCardiovascular disease identified from the prescription of selected cardiovascular medications, hospital discharge records or death from cardiovascular disease.ResultsIn our cohort of 70 904 women (with 124 795 birth records), 25 177 women (36%) had at least one PPH. Compared with not having a PPH, having at least one PPH was associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, as defined above, in the first year after birth (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.51–2.53; p < 0.001). The association was attenuated over time, but strong evidence of increased risk remained at 2–5 years (aHR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11–1.30, P < 0.001) and at 6–15 years after giving birth (aHR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05–1.30, p = 0.005).ConclusionsCompared with women who have never had a PPH, women who have had at least one episode of PPH are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease in the first year after birth, and some increased risk persists for up to 15 years.
Development of special education in Jordan as a model: Reality and challenges
Authors: Al‐Dababneh Kholoud Adeeb , Al‐Zboon Eman K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpecial education plays a critical role in ensuring equal educational opportunities for individuals with diverse learning needs. In the context of Jordan, the development of special education has made significant progress over the years, reflecting the country's commitment to inclusivity and diversity, with notable efforts from the government and various stakeholders to enhance the inclusivity and accessibility of education for students with disabilities (SWDs). This scoping review aims to explore the reality of special education development in Jordan, and identify the challenges faced in implementing an effective model. By conducting a comprehensive literature search, analysing relevant government and non‐government reports and studies, this research aims to shed light on historical context, policies, progress made, practices and highlight existing challenges and gaps, and propose potential solutions to enhance special education practices in the field of special education in Jordan. This study emphasizes the importance of continuous improvement and implementation of effective strategies to enhance education services for SWDs in the country. By exploring relevant literature, this research also intends to create a roadmap for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance special education services in Jordan and promote a more supportive environment for learners with diverse needs.
Unplanned hemodialysis initiation: A retrospective analysis of patient characteristics and prognosis in an emergency hospital
Authors: Kitamura Mineaki , Yamashita Hiroshi , Sugiyama Sayaka , Kuroki Ryoma , Fukuda Haruka , Sawase Atsushi , Tsuchiyama Ayaka , Takehara Kosuke , Watanabe Junichi , Takazono Takahiro , Imamura Ryoichi , Mukae Hiroshi , Nishino Tomoya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionFunctional decline occurs during dialysis initiation, particularly in unplanned cases. To prevent unplanned hemodialysis, we aimed to identify associated factors from the first referral to the nephrology department to hemodialysis initiation and assess patient prognosis post‐unplanned hemodialysis initiation.MethodsThis retrospective study involved 257 Japanese patients initiating hemodialysis and compared patient characteristics based on whether hemodialysis was planned or unplanned at a single center. Patient outcomes were evaluated in collaboration with maintenance hemodialysis centers.ResultsUnplanned hemodialysis initiation correlated with heart failure history (p < 0.05) and infections like pneumonia (p < 0.001). Patients with unplanned hemodialysis initiation had a worse prognosis than those with planned initiation (p < 0.001), and multivariable Cox regression showed it as an independent risk factor for death (p < 0.05).ConclusionsHygiene and careful attention to heart failure may reduce unplanned hemodialysis and improve patient well‐being and healthcare efficiency. This retrospective analysis highlights crucial considerations for optimizing the initiation of hemodialysis.
Global governance through voluntary sustainability standards: Developments, trends and challenges
Authors: Marx Axel , Depoorter Charline , Fernandez de Cordoba Santiago , Verma Rupal , Araoz Mercedes , Auld Graeme , Bemelmans Janne , Bennett Elizabeth A. , Boonaert Eva , Brandi Clara , Dietz Thomas , Fouilleux Eve , Grabs Janina , Gulbrandsen Lars H. , Harrison James , Heilmayr Robert , Hernandez Ariel , Hoekman Bernard , Lambert Siti Rubiah , Lambin Eric , Li Li , Maertens Miet , Mortara Batistic Paulo , Michida Etsuyo , Nakagawa Junji , Negi Archna , Pérez‐Pineda Jorge A. , Ponte Stefano , Rueda Ximena , Schleifer Philip , Thorstensen Vera , van der Ven Hamish 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVoluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) are transnational governance instruments that can be leveraged to pursue sustainable development in global value chains. They have proliferated since the 1990s in terms of their number and the share of global production they govern. This paper shares some key insights arising from the considerable body of literature that has analysed the role of these instruments for sustainable production and trade. First, it introduces VSS, traces the evolution of their adoption and takes stock of the research on their sustainability impacts. Next, some major developments in the VSS realm are discussed, related to public policy and the emergence of national sustainability standards. The paper then zooms in on the challenges and limitations of VSS in transforming value chains towards sustainability, focusing on the shortcomings related to inclusiveness and the problems arising from their proliferation. The paper concludes by distilling recommendations on overcoming these challenges, especially in light of recent policy developments, and outlines what different stakeholders can do to make VSS more effective and inclusive instruments for sustainable value chains.
Epigenetic and sex differences in opioid use disorder in chronic pain: A real‐world study linked with OPRM1 DNA methylation
Authors: Agulló Laura , Escorial Mónica , Orutño Samantha , Muriel Javier , Sandoval Juan , Margarit César , Peiró Ana M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOpioid use disorder (OUD) is a multifaceted condition influenced by sex, genetic and environmental factors that could be linked with epigenetic changes. Understanding how these factors interact is crucial to understand and address the development and progression of this disorder. Our aim was to elucidate different potential epigenetic and genetic mechanisms between women and men that correlate with OUD under real‐world pain unit conditions. Associations between analgesic response and the DNA methylation level of the opioid mu receptor (OPRM1) gene (CpG sites 1–5 selected in the promoter region) were evaluated in 345 long opioid‐treated chronic non cancer pain: cases with OUD (n = 67) and controls (without OUD, n = 278). Cases showed younger ages, low employment status and quality of life, but higher morphine equivalent daily dose and psychotropic use, compared to the controls. The patients with OUD showed a significant decrease in OPRM1 DNA methylation, which correlated with clinical outcomes like pain relief, depression and different adverse events. Significant differences were found at the five CpG sites studied for men, and exclusively in women for CpG site 3, in relation to OUD diagnosis. These findings support the importance of epigenetics and sex as biological variables to be considered toward efficient OUD understanding and therapy development.
Use of disposable e‐cigarettes among youth who vape in Canada, England and the United States: Repeat cross‐sectional surveys, 2017–2023
Authors: Hammond David , Reid Jessica L. , Burkhalter Robin , East Katherine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsTo measure changes over time (between 2017 and 2023) in disposable e‐cigarette use and popular brands among youth in Canada, England and the United States (US) who vaped.DesignNine waves of repeat cross‐sectional data from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC) Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey.SettingOnline surveys conducted in Canada, England and the US between 2017 and 2023.ParticipantsYouth aged 16 to 19 years who had vaped in the past 30 days (n = 19 710).MeasurementsUsual type (disposable, cartridge/pod, tank) and brand of e‐cigarette used; covariates sex at birth, age, race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking status, vaping on ≥20 of the past 30 days.FindingsIn 2017, the majority of youth who vaped in the past 30 days reported using refillable tank e‐cigarettes, whereas disposable e‐cigarettes were the least commonly used product type in Canada (10.0%), England (8.6%) and the US (14.4%). Cartridge/pods overtook tank devices in Canada and the US by 2020; however, by 2023, disposables were the leading type of e‐cigarette used by youth who vaped in all three countries (Canada = 58.5%; England = 83.2%; US = 67.3%). The shift to disposables occurred among all socio‐demographic groups, with few differences by vaping and smoking status. The percentage of youth who vaped that reported ‘no usual’ brand also decreased substantially from 2017 (29% to 42%) to 2023 (11% to 17%). The rise of disposable e‐cigarettes appeared to be driven primarily by individual brands in the US (Puff Bar in 2020/2021, Elf Bar in 2022/2023) and England (Elf Bar in 2022/2023).ConclusionsThe e‐cigarette market has evolved rapidly with notable shifts in the types of e‐cigarettes used by youth who vape in Canada, England and the United States. Although the timing differed across countries, major shifts in device types appear to be driven by individual brands and were often accompanied by increases in vaping prevalence among youth.
Predictors of alcohol and other drug treatment completion among young people accessing residential and community‐based treatment: A retrospective analysis of routinely collected service data
Authors: Wells Megan , Kelly Peter J. , Mullaney Lauren , Lee Mei Lin , Stirling Robert , Etter Sarah , Larance Briony 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsYoung people accessing alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment experience high rates of treatment disengagement, contributing to poorer outcomes. To improve outcomes, it is important to identify factors associated with treatment retention. This study measured the relationships between client characteristics, treatment characteristics, clinical severity measures and completion of treatment among young people.Design, setting and participantsThis study was a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data set in residential‐ and community‐based AOD services in New South Wales, Australia. Routinely collected data from the Network of Alcohol and Other Drug Agencies’ (NADA) database were used. Included individuals were aged 10–24 years and accessed treatment between 2012 and 2023 (n = 17 474).MeasurementsVariables included client‐related characteristics, service characteristics and baseline measures of clinical severity [Kessler‐10 (K10), EUROHIS–QoL, severity of dependence scale (SDS)]. Multivariable binary logistic regression models assessed the relationships between these characteristics and treatment completion.FindingsRates of treatment completion were highest among adolescents in community‐based treatment (57%) and lowest among young adults in residential treatment (35%). Polysubstance use was negatively associated with treatment completion among adolescents [adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) = 0.71, P < 0.001] and adults (adjOR = 0.70, P < 0.001) in community‐based treatment, and adolescents in residential treatment (adjOR = 0.62, P = 0.006), as was housing insecurity (adolescents in community treatment, adjOR = 0.61, P = 0.001; adults in community treatment, adjOR = 0.77, P = 0.002; adolescents in residential treatment, adjOR = 0.42, P = 0.005). Attending youth‐specific services was associated with higher treatment completion rates among adults in community‐based (adjOR = 1.81, P < 0.001) and residential treatment (adjOR = 1.72, P < 0.001). Varying correlates of treatment completion were identified throughout treatment groups, reflecting the differences in population and/or needs across contexts.ConclusionsIn New South Wales, Australia, fewer than half of young people accessing alcohol and other drug treatment between 2012 and 2023 completed treatment, and completion rates were lower among those facing barriers such as polysubstance use and housing insecurity.
Increased prevalence of the null allele of the p.Arg577Ter variant in the ACTN3 gene in Brazilian long‐distance athletes: A retrospective study
Authors: Guilherme João Paulo Limongi França , Oliveira Edilamar Menezes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe phenotypic consequences of the p.Arg577Ter variant in the α‐actinin‐3 (ACTN3) gene are suggestive of a trade‐off between performance traits for speed and endurance sports. Although there is a consistent association of the c.1729C allele (aka R allele) with strength/power traits, there is still a debate on whether the null allele (c.1729T allele; aka X allele) influences endurance performance. The present study aimed to test the association of the ACTN3 p.Arg577Ter variant with long‐distance endurance athlete status, using previously published data with the Brazilian population.MethodsGenotypic data from 203 long‐distance athletes and 1724 controls were analysed in a case–control approach.ResultsThe frequency of the X allele was significantly higher in long‐distance athletes than in the control group (51.5% vs. 41.4%; p = 0.000095). The R/X and X/X genotypes were overrepresented in the athlete group. Individuals with the R/X genotype instead of the R/R genotype had a 1.6 increase in the odds of being a long‐distance athlete (p = 0.012), whereas individuals with the X/X genotype instead of the R/R genotype had a 2.2 increase in the odds of being a long‐distance athlete (p = 0.00017).ConclusionThe X allele, mainly the X/X genotype, was associated with long‐distance athlete status in Brazilians.
Early follow‐up colonoscopy after colorectal cancer resection detects significant pathology
Authors: Finlay Ben P. , Symonds Erin L. , Raman Mahadya , Hollington Paul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundColonoscopy is a key component of surveillance after colorectal cancer (CRC) resection. Surveillance intervals for colonoscopy vary across the world, with a limited evidence‐base to support guidelines.ObjectiveTo evaluate the timing and outcome of colonoscopies after CRC resection.MethodsRetrospective cohort study on prospectively collected data. Included adult patients under surveillance following CRC resection. Patients with organ transplant, inflammatory bowel disease or colon cancer syndromes were excluded. The outcomes of the first (up to) three follow‐up colonoscopies were audited and classified for presence of advanced neoplasia (advanced adenoma or adenocarcinoma).Results980 patients underwent at least one follow‐up colonoscopy with a median time to first colonoscopy of 12.4 months. The findings included 2.7% CRC and 13.2% advanced adenoma. Older age, stage IV disease, and synchronous cancers at surgery were significantly associated with a finding of advanced neoplasia at first colonoscopy. 562 patients underwent a second colonoscopy (median of 35 months after the first surveillance colonoscopy) with findings of 1.8% CRC and 11.4% advanced adenoma. Advanced adenoma on prior colonoscopy was associated with finding advanced neoplasia at the second colonoscopy. 288 patients underwent a third colonoscopy (median of 37 months from the preceding colonoscopy), with similar outcomes of advanced neoplasia being associated with advanced adenoma at the previous colonoscopy. 43 (4.4%) patients developed CRC whilst on surveillance.ConclusionsTimely surveillance after CRC resection is important for detecting advanced neoplasia, and prolonged intervals between colonoscopies in the early years after surgery should be avoided.
Is staging breast magnetic resonance imaging for invasive lobular carcinoma worthwhile?
Authors: Melvin Zebadiah , Lim David , Jacques Angela , Falkner Nathalie M. , Lo Glen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundInvasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is challenging to stage accurately using mammography (MG) and ultrasound (US) with undiagnosed ipsilateral and contralateral cancer resulting in poor patient outcomes including return to surgery. Our institution employs routine staging breast MRI in ILC for this reason. However, increased time for further imaging/biopsies contributes to patient anxiety and potentially delays definite management. We aimed to quantify the frequency of staging MRI‐detected additional lesions requiring biopsy or follow‐up, the added cancer detection rate and MRI prompted change in surgical management.MethodsAn observational study on staging breast MRI for newly diagnosed ILC at a tertiary Western Australian hospital from January 2019 to August 2022. Standardized 3T MRI protocol was performed, double read by unblinded fellowship‐trained radiologists. Histopathology from biopsy, surgery, or first annual surveillance was the reference standard for additional MRI‐detected lesions.ResultsOne hundred ten MRI studies demonstrated 49 (45%) patients had at least one additional clinically significant MRI‐detected lesion. Thirty‐one patients had an additional ipsilateral lesion detected, of which 18 (58%) proved malignant; 14 (45%) multifocal and 4 (13%) multicentric ILC. Additional work‐up of MRI‐detected lesions averaged a 9‐day delay to definitive surgery compared to patients with a negative or definitively benign MRI. MRI changed surgical planning in 11 of 110 cases from breast conservation surgery (BCS) to mastectomy and there were two contralateral cancers diagnosed. BCS reoperation rate was 11%.ConclusionStaging MRI for ILC identifies clinically significant lesions in nearly half of patients, predominantly ipsilateral multifocal disease, without significant delay to definitive surgery.
Preeclampsia and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with maternal congenital heart disease: A nationwide cohort study from Norway
Authors: Sandberg Marit , Fomina Tatiana , Macsali Ferenc , Greve Gottfried , Øyen Nina , Leirgul Elisabeth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) among women of reproductive age is rising. We aimed to investigate the risk of preeclampsia and adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnancies of mothers with CHD compared to pregnancies of mothers without heart disease.Material and MethodsIn a nationwide cohort of pregnancies in Norway 1994–2014, we retrieved information on maternal heart disease, the course of pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes from national registries. Comparing pregnancies with maternal CHD to pregnancies without maternal heart disease, we used Cox regression to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for preeclampsia and log‐binomial regression to estimate the adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for adverse neonatal outcomes. The estimates were adjusted for maternal age and year of childbirth and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAmong 1 218 452 pregnancies, 2425 had mild maternal CHD, and 603 had moderate/severe CHD. Compared to pregnancies without maternal heart disease, the risk of preeclampsia was increased in pregnancies with mild and moderate/severe maternal CHD (aHR1.37, 95% CI 1.14–1.65 and aHR 1.62, 95% CI 1.13–2.32). The risk of preterm birth was increased in pregnancies with mild maternal CHD (aRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.15–1.54) and further increased with moderate/severe CHD (aRR 2.49, 95% CI 2.03–3.07). Maternal CHD was associated with elevated risks of both spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm birth. The risk of infants small‐for‐gestational‐age was slightly increased with mild maternal CHD (aRR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00–1.26) and increased with moderate/severe CHD (aRR 1.63, 95% CI 1.36–1.95). The prevalence of stillbirth was 3.9 per 1000 pregnancies without maternal heart disease, 5.6 per 1000 with mild maternal CHD, and 6.8 per 1000 with moderate/severe maternal CHD. Still, there were too few cases to report a significant difference. There were no maternal deaths in women with CHD.ConclusionsModerate/severe maternal CHD in pregnancy was associated with increased risks of preeclampsia, preterm birth, and infants small‐for‐gestational‐age. Mild maternal CHD was associated with less increased risks. For women with moderate/severe CHD, their risk of preeclampsia and adverse neonatal outcomes should be evaluated together with their cardiac risk in pregnancy, and follow‐up in pregnancy should be ascertained.