bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting effects of warming and increased snowfall on Arctic tundra plant phenology over the past two decades
Authors: Bjorkman Anne D. , Elmendorf Sarah C. , Beamish Alison L. , Vellend Mark , Henry Gregory H. R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRecent changes in climate have led to significant shifts in phenology, with many studies demonstrating advanced phenology in response to warming temperatures. The rate of temperature change is especially high in the Arctic, but this is also where we have relatively little data on phenological changes and the processes driving these changes. In order to understand how Arctic plant species are likely to respond to future changes in climate, we monitored flowering phenology in response to both experimental and ambient warming for four widespread species in two habitat types over 21 years. We additionally used long‐term environmental records to disentangle the effects of temperature increase and changes in snowmelt date on phenological patterns. While flowering occurred earlier in response to experimental warming, plants in unmanipulated plots showed no change or a delay in flowering over the 21‐year period, despite more than 1 °C of ambient warming during that time. This counterintuitive result was likely due to significantly delayed snowmelt over the study period (0.05–0.2 days/yr) due to increased winter snowfall. The timing of snowmelt was a strong driver of flowering phenology for all species – especially for early‐flowering species – while spring temperature was significantly related to flowering time only for later‐flowering species. Despite significantly delayed flowering phenology, the timing of seed maturation showed no significant change over time, suggesting that warmer temperatures may promote more rapid seed development. The results of this study highlight the importance of understanding the specific environmental cues that drive species’ phenological responses as well as the complex interactions between temperature and precipitation when forecasting phenology over the coming decades. As demonstrated here, the effects of altered snowmelt patterns can counter the effects of warmer temperatures, even to the point of generating phenological responses opposite to those predicted by warming alone.
Temples, Towers, Shifting Sands: “Greater Truth” in Historical Writing
Authors: Pendery David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper states two important points, which are combined into one argument. First, I identify a notion of truth can be found in two seemingly conflicting literatures—“true” historiography and “false” historical fiction. I call this variant of truth a “greater truth,” or historical “truth beyond epistemology” (Kansteiner 47). I find this truth in contrast to the typical “true truth” of history writing, that is, absolute truth, objective, antiseptic truth. I argue that such greater truth guides readers toward a much deeper and more complete understanding of history. Additionally, and related to the above, I examine an intellective and to some extent philosophical fusion of fictional and factual historical writing. I argue that fictional and non‐fictional varieties of historical writing are transacting modes in a single patterning and maintain that “falsity” can complement “fact” in this negotiation. I ultimately find that traditional, dispassionate historical research complements discursive, composed imagined historical fiction. My aim is to examine the basis and a coalition of historical truth claims that do not always strictly “correspond” to “what actually happened,” but rather consolidates apprehension and understanding in encompassing and elevated ways. At the highest level, my analysis shows that historical fictions can be construed as credible, newly imagined representations of the past that was experienced.
New Trends in the Political History of Iran Under the Great Saljuqs (11th–12th Centuries)
Authors: Durand‐Guédy David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe political history of Iran during the rule of the Saljuq Turks has been the subject of early and high‐quality scholarship since the golden age of Orientalism. By 1970, the factual framework was well established when an invigorating revision of the classical interpretation of the events (the Saljuqs as the secular arm of a Sunni revival monitored by the Abbasid caliphate) was being made. In the next decades, however, the field has fallen in the doldrums. Since the beginning of the 21th century, a “revival” is under way, resulting in a significant reassessment of the imperial narrative and of the centralist view it conveyed. This article introduces three of the most fertile trends of research: the role of the nomads, mostly the Türkmens, often downplayed in the sources, but essential to understand military history and political culture; second, the role of the local elites in the “Saljuq order”, which relied on alliances made between Turkish and Iranian networks; third, the importance of regional logics, whether it be the major East/West divide or the rise of some regions over the period (Azarbaijan, Khwarazm), to explain the complex factual framework.
Study on the self‐assembly property of type I collagen prepared from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin by different extraction methods
Authors: Yan Mingyan , Qin Song , Li Jie 
Published: July 2015

SummaryType I collagen was prepared from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin by acetic acid and pepsin process at 4 °C, respectively (ASC and PSC), and hot‐water method separately at 25, 35 and 45 °C (C‐25, C‐35 and C‐45). Their structure and self‐assembly property were discussed. SDS‐PAGE patterns suggested that pepsin hydrolysis and the 35 and 45 °C extraction produced collagen with much reduced proportions of α‐ and β‐chains. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra revealed that pepsin hydrolysis did not change the conformation of collagen, but higher extraction temperature did. Self‐assembly curves and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations showed that only ASC, PSC and C‐25 could self‐assemble into fibrils with D‐periodicity, but the reconstruction rate of C‐25 was lower. Besides, PSC had relatively higher resolution ratio compared with others. Overall, pepsin‐extracted collagen displayed higher solubility and better fibril‐forming capacity, having the potential of applying in biomaterials and food‐packaging materials.
COMMERCIAL PROPERTY PRICE INDEXES AND THE SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Authors: Diewert W. Erwin , Fox Kevin J. , Shimizu Chihiro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper studies the problems associated with the construction of price indexes for commercial properties that could be used in the System of National Accounts (SNA). Property price indexes are required for the stocks of commercial properties in the Balance Sheets of the country. Related service price indexes for the land and structure input components of a commercial property are required in the Production Accounts of the country if the Multifactor Productivity of the Commercial Property Industry is calculated as part of the SNA. The paper reviews existing methods for constructing an overall Commercial Property Price Index (CPPI) and concludes that most methods are biased (due to their neglect of depreciation) and more importantly, not able to provide separate land and structure subindexes. A class of hedonic regression models that is not subject to these problems is discussed.
The Effect of Surface Treatments on the Bond Strength Between CAD/CAM Blocks and Composite Resin
Authors: Duzyol Mustafa , Sagsoz Omer , Polat Sagsoz Nurdan , Akgul Nilgun , Yildiz Mehmet 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength of three computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks repaired with composite resin using three surface treatment techniques.Methods and MaterialsThree different CAD/CAM blocks were used in this study: (1) Lithium disilicate, (2) feldspar ceramic, and (3) resin nano ceramic. All groups were further divided into four subgroups according to surface treatment: control, roughened with bur (B); roughened with bur and 5% Hydrofluoric acid (HF); roughened with bur and sandblasting (HF); and roughened with bur and CoJet (C). After surface treatments on each group, a silane and bonding agent were applied, and ceramics were repaired with a nano‐hybrid composite. Then, the repaired ceramics were cut with a low‐speed diamond saw for microtensile bond testing. Microtensile bond tests for 40 specimens per subgroup were carried out with a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed with ANOVA, Tukey's, and LSD at the 95% significance level.ResultsMean bond strengths (MPa) of subgroups B, HF, S, and C were: 0, 29.8, 0, 23.3 for lithium disilicate ceramic; 26.4, 22.3, 22.4, 22 for feldspar ceramic; 54.8, 25.3, 42.1, 25.7 for resin nano ceramic. For subgroups B and S of lithium disilicate ceramics, bonding failed during specimen preparation. No significant differences were observed among all CoJet groups. In subgroups B and S, resin nano ceramics showed the highest bond strength. In feldspar groups, subgroup B showed higher bond strength than the other subgroups.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that lithium disilicate porcelain blocks required etching for repairing with composite material. Surface treatments did not increase the bond strength in feldspar ceramic groups and reduced the bond strength in resin nano ceramic groups.
Pathologic Manifestations on Surgical Biopsy and Their Correlation with Clinical Indices in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Lee J. , Mizuno M. , Mizuno T. , Harada K. , Uechi M. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundEvaluation of myocardial function is clinically challenging in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). Although myocardial dysfunction is caused by pathologic degeneration, histopathologic progression is poorly understood.ObjectivesTo characterize myocardial and pulmonary pathologic changes according to severity in dogs with naturally occurring DMVD, and to investigate whether or not pathologic degeneration is reflected by traditional clinical indices.AnimalsOne hundred and seventeen dogs with naturally occurring DMVD.MethodsProspective observational study. Biopsied left atrium (LA), left ventricle (LV), and lung were evaluated histologically, and an attempt was made to correlate pathologic findings with clinical indices.ResultsSevere myocardial changes were observed in all International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council classes. In the lung, heart failure cell levels were significantly increased in class III patients (P < .0001). In a paired comparison, the LA showed significantly more severe degeneration than the LV, including myocardial fatty replacement, immune cell infiltration, and interstitial fibrosis (P < .0001). In contrast, myocardial cells were more hypertrophied in the LV than in the LA (P < .0001). Left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension (LVEDd) was associated with fatty replacement (P = .033, R2 = 0.584) and myocardial vacuolization (P = .003, R2 = 0.588) in the LA.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn DMVD, although severe pathologic changes may be evident even in early stages, there may be pathologic discrepancy between the LA and the LV. Myocardial degeneration may be reflected by clinical indices such as LVEDd and EF.
Treatment of neonatal fungal infective endocarditis with recombinant tissue plasminogen: activator in a low birth weight infant case report and review of the literature
Authors: Babayigit Aslan , Cebeci Burcu , Buyukkale Gokhan , Yılmaz Semerci Seda , Bornaun Helen , Oztarhan Kazim , Gokce Muge , Cetinkaya Merih 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWith advances in medical sciences, an increase in survival rates of low birth weight; increased incidence in use of catheter and antibiotics, and total parenteral nutrition are reported, therefore, the rate of fungal infections in late and very late onset neonatal sepsis have increased. Although fungal endocarditis rarely occur in newborns, it has a high morbidity and mortality. Antifungal therapy is often insufficient in cases who develop fungal endocarditis and surgical treatment is not preferred due to its difficulty and high mortality. Herein, fungal endocarditis in a preterm newborn treated with single‐dose recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in addition to antifungal therapy is presented and relevant literature has been reviewed. The vegetation completely disappeared following treatment and no complication was observed.
Critical illness trajectory for patients, families and nurses – a literature review
Authors: Page Pamela 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn the 21st century, we are starting to discover and understand the longer term sequelae of critical illness from both patient's and family members' perspectives. The consequential effects on physical and psychological function and the social landscape are being slowing realized. We are beginning to understand the long‐term legacy of critical care, with survivorship possibly the greatest challenge within the critical care setting.AimTo draw together research that has appraised the experience of surviving critical illness from the holistic, triadic perspectives of survivor, relative and critical care nurse. In doing so, knowledge of the complexities of the critical care trajectory is enhanced. Search Strategy: Using Medline; Assia; CINAHL Plus; SCOPUS; Web of knowledge searches from 2000 to 2015 were conducted utilizing the terms ‘critical care’; ‘intensive care’, ITU; patient*; relative*; family member*; experience*; nurse*, and trajectory. Relevant exclusion criteria were applied to provide a generalist adult critical care perspective.ResultsFollowing a process of constant comparative analysis of the literature and thematic synthesis, seven themes were highlighted. Facing mortality, critical junctures, physiological sequelae, psychological sequelae, family presence, beyond meeting the needs of family members and technology versus humanity were all emergent themes.ConclusionAs humans, we do not live an isolated life; we are interdependent upon each other. This inclusive review of literature has highlighted the lacunae and areas of dissonance both in the literature and in clinical practice in relation to the critical care trajectory as experienced by survivors of critical illness and their families.Relevance to clinical practiceCritical care nurses can and should play a role in preparing and supporting patients and families beyond the critical care unit. In turn, Registered Nurses needed to be supported to fulfil this important role in enabling the process of moving patients and their families from surviving to thriving (survivorship).
Cotton polyamine oxidase is required for spermine and camalexin signalling in the defence response to Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Mo Huijuan , Wang Xingfen , Zhang Yan , Zhang Guiyin , Zhang Jinfa , Ma Zhiying 
Published: July 2015

SummaryVerticillium dahliae is a destructive, soil‐borne fungal pathogen that causes vascular wilt disease in many economically important crops worldwide. A polyamine oxidase (PAO) gene was identified and cloned by screening suppression subtractive hybridisation and cDNA libraries of cotton genotypes tolerant to Verticillium wilt and was induced early and strongly by inoculation with V. dahliae and application of plant hormone. Recombinant cotton polyamine oxidase (GhPAO) was found to catalyse the conversion of spermine (Spm) to spermidine (Spd) in vitro. Constitutive expression of GhPAO in Arabidopsis thaliana produced improved resistance to V. dahliae and maintained putrescine, Spd and Spm at high levels. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salicylic acid and camalexin (a phytoalexin) levels were distinctly increased in GhPAO‐overexpressing Arabidopsis plants during V. dahliae infection when compared with wild‐type plants, and Spm and camalexin efficiently inhibited growth of V. dahliae in vitro. Spermine promoted the accumulation of camalexin by inducing the expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinases and cytochrome P450 proteins in Arabidopsis and cotton plants. The three polyamines all showed higher accumulation in tolerant cotton cultivars than in susceptible cotton cultivars after inoculation with V. dahliae. GhPAO silencing in cotton significantly reduced the Spd level and increased the Spm level, leading to enhanced susceptibility to infection by V. dahliae, and the levels of H2O2 and camalexin were distinctly lower in GhPAO‐silenced cotton plants after V. dahliae infection. Together, these results suggest that GhPAO contributes to resistance of the plant against V. dahliae through the mediation of Spm and camalexin signalling.
A retrospective analysis of environmental risk factors for the diagnosis of deep stromal abscess in 390 horses in North Central Florida from 1991 to 2013
Authors: Proietto Laura R. , Plummer Caryn E. , Maxwell Kathleen M. , Lamb Kenneth E. , Brooks Dennis E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this investigation was to identify potential environmental risk factors for the diagnosis of equine deep stromal abscesses (DSA) in the subtropical climate at the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center (UFVMC).MethodsCases included were selected from the UFVMC medical record and imaging database, and included all cases of equine DSA diagnosed during the period from December 1991 to December 2013 in patients residing in north central Florida. Patient date of diagnosis and atmospheric data was obtained for north central Florida for the corresponding time period. Univariate and multivariate general linear models were generated testing effects and interactions between environmental conditions.ResultsWhen year, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and wind were analyzed in the presence of each other, a one‐mile per hour increase in wind (P = 0.005) significantly increased the number of DSA cases by 1.63 cases per year. When the influence of temperature was evaluated in conjunction with year and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the number of cases decreased by 0.1534 per year for every degree increase in temperature (°C) (P = 0.039).ConclusionsWind speed is the first significant atmospheric risk factor to be identified for DSA formation in the horse. The importance of environmental variance in the incidence of DSA indicates that the pathogenesis of DSA formation may be multifactorial, interdependent and provides support in some horses for the micropuncture hypothesis of DSA formation related to the involvement of environmental conditions causing precorneal tear film and epithelial damage.
Penetration depth of corneal cross‐linking with riboflavin and UV‐A (CXL) in horses and rabbits
Authors: Gallhoefer Nicolin S. , Spiess Bernhard M. , Guscetti Franco , Hilbe Monika , Hartnack Sonja , Hafezi Farhad , Pot Simon A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveCXL penetration depth is an important variable influencing clinical treatment effect and safety. The purposes of this study were to determine the penetration depth of CXL in rabbit and equine corneas in epithelium‐on and epithelium‐off procedures and to assess an ex vivo fluorescent biomarker staining assay for objective assessment of CXL penetration depth.ProceduresCXL treatment was performed according to a standardized protocol on 21 and 17 rabbit eyes and on 12 and 10 equine eyes with and without debridement, respectively. Control corneas were treated similarly, but not exposed to CXL. Hemicorneas were stained with either phalloidin and DAPI to visualize intracellular F‐actin and nuclei, or with hematoxylin and eosin. Loss of actin staining was measured and compared between groups.ResultsEpithelium‐off CXL caused a median actin cytoskeleton loss with a demarcation at 274 μm in rabbits and 173 μm in horses. In non‐CXL‐treated controls, we observed a median actin cytoskeleton loss with a demarcation at 134 μm in rabbits and 149 μm in horses. No effect was detected in the epithelium‐on procedure.ConclusionsCXL penetration depth, as determined by a novel ex vivo fluorescent assay, shows clear differences between species. A distinct effect was observed following epithelium‐off CXL treatment in the anterior stroma of rabbits, but no different effect was observed in horses in comparison with nontreated controls. Different protocols need to be established to effectively treat equine patients with infectious corneal disease.
A Systematic Review of Family Meeting Tools in Palliative and Intensive Care Settings
Authors: Singer Adam E. , Ash Tayla , Ochotorena Claudia , Lorenz Karl A. , Chong Kelly , Shreve Scott T. , Ahluwalia Sangeeta C. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose: Family meetings can be challenging, requiring a range of skills and participation. We sought to identify tools available to aid the conduct of family meetings in palliative, hospice, and intensive care unit settings. Methods: We systematically reviewed PubMed for articles describing family meeting tools and abstracted information on tool type, usage, and content. Results: We identified 16 articles containing 23 tools in 7 categories: meeting guide (n = 8), meeting planner (n = 5), documentation template (n = 4), meeting strategies (n = 2), decision aid/screener (n = 2), family checklist (n = 1), and training module (n = 1). We found considerable variation across tools in usage and content and a lack of tools supporting family engagement. Conclusion: There is need to standardize family meeting tools and develop tools to help family members effectively engage in the process.
Anterior parasternal approach for creation of a pericardial window
Authors: Altman E , Rutsky O , Shturman A , Yampolsky Y , Atar S 
Published: July 2015

Introduction The optimal method for creation of a pericardial window (PW) is still controversial and it remains a surgical challenge, mainly in obese patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel approach that has not been described previously, for creation of a PW in patients with symptomatic, chronic, large pericardial effusion. Methods We retrospectively analysed the records of 30 patients (14 men, 16 women) who underwent a PW procedure between 2001 and 2011. The mean age was 63 years (standard deviation [SD]: 17 years, median: 60 years, range: 27–90 years) and the mean body mass index was 34kg/m 2 (SD: 2kg/m 2 ). The operation was performed through a curvilinear parasternal approach, 6–8cm in length, followed by a mini-thoracotomy between ribs 4 and 5. Discharged patients were followed up clinically. Results The mean operative time was 73 minutes (SD: 21 minutes) and a median of 658ml (range: 300–1,500ml) of fluid was evacuated. The main aetiologies were idiopathic in 17 patients (57%) and malignant in 9 (30%). Seven patients (23%) died in hospital owing to underlying malignancy. Postoperative complications included mild renal failure (20%), respiratory failure (20%), pneumonia (13%), atrial fibrillation (10%) and atelectasis (6%). There were no wound infections. The median length of stay following the procedure was 8 days. In a median follow-up period of 3.8 years, 16 patients with non-malignant effusion were free of recurrence of pericardial effusion. Conclusions The anterior parasternal approach for creation of a PW is simple, safe and efficacious, and results in long-term symptomatic improvement, specifically in patients with non-malignant effusions. This approach may be more appealing in obese patients.