bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary soluble PD-1 as a biomarker of checkpoint inhibitor-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
Authors: Gomez-Preciado Francisco , Martinez-Valenzuela Laura , Anton-Pampols Paula , Fulladosa Xavier , Tena Marina Gomez , Gomà Montserrat , Jove María , Nadal Ernest , Merino-Ribas Ana , Martin-Alemany Nadia , Cruzado Josep María , Torras Joan , Draibe Juliana 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) related to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI-AIN) has a not completely understood pathophysiology. Our objectives were to analyze possible biomarkers for the differentiation between acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and AIN, especially in cancer patients, and to study the participation of the immune checkpoint pathway in ICI-AIN.

Methods
We performed an observational study. We recruited patients with incident diagnosis of ICI-AIN (n = 19). We measured soluble PD-1 (sPD-1), sPD-L1, and sPD-L2 in serum and urine at diagnosis and compared to it patients with non-ICI-related AIN (non-ICI-AIN) (n = 18) and ATN (n = 21). The findings were validated in an independent cohort from another institution (n = 30). Also, we performed PD-L1 and PD-L2 immunostaining of kidney biopsies from patients with ICI-AIN and compared to patients with non-ICI-AIN.

Results
Urinary sPD-1 (usPD-1) was higher in patients with AIN compared to ATN (P = .03). Patients with AIN also showed higher serum sPD-1 (ssPD-1) than patients with ATN (P = .021).
In cancer patients, usPD-1 &lt;129.3 pg/ml had a 71.43% sensitivity and 94.44% specificity to differentiate ATN from ICI-AIN, with a likelihood ratio of 12.86. In the external validation cohort, the same cutoff showed a sensitivity of 80%.
In kidney biopsies, patients with ICI-AIN showed higher density of PD-L1 positive tubules than patients with non-ICI-AIN (P = .02). The proportion of patients having &gt;2.64/mm2 PD-L2 positive tubules was higher among patients with ICI-AIN compared to non-ICI-AIN (P = .034). There was a positive correlation (P = .009, r = 0.72) between usPD-1 and the number of PD-L1 positive tubules.

Conclusions
UsPD-1 and ssPD-1 are higher in AIN than ATN. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between usPD-1 and renal tubular PD-L1 expression. Our findings suggest a role of usPD-1 as non-invasive biomarker to differentiate ICI-AIN from ATN, especially in cancer patients, which has been confirmed in an external validation cohort.
Ileal Paneth Cell Phenotype is a Cellular Biomarker for Pouch Complications in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Ma Changqing , Haritunians Talin , Gremida Anas K , Syal Gaurav , Shah Janaki , Yang Shaohong , Ramos Del Aguila de Rivers Claudia , Storer Chad E , Chen Ling , Mengesha Emebet , Mujukian Angela , Hanna Mary , Fleshner Phillip , Binion David G , VanDussen Kelli L , Stappenbeck Thaddeus S , Head Richard D , Ciorba Matthew A , McGovern Dermot P B , Liu Ta-Chiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Biomarkers that integrate genetic and environmental factors and predict outcome in complex immune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; including Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]) are needed. We showed that morphological patterns of ileal Paneth cells (Paneth cell phenotype [PCP]; a surrogate for PC function) is one such cellular biomarker for CD. Given the shared features between CD and UC, we hypothesised that PCP is also associated with molecular/genetic features and outcome in UC. Because PC density is highest in the ileum, we further hypothesised that PCP predicts outcome in UC subjects undergoing total colectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis [IPAA].

Methods
Uninflamed ileal resection margins from UC subjects with colectomy and IPAA were used for PCP and transcriptomic analyses. PCP was defined using defensin 5 immunofluorescence. Genotyping was performed using Immunochip. UC transcriptomic and genotype associations of PCP were incorporated with data from CD subjects to identify common IBD-related pathways and genes that regulate PCP.

Results
The prevalence of abnormal ileal PCP was 27%, comparable to that seen in CD. Combined analysis of UC and CD subjects showed that abnormal PCP was associated with transcriptomic pathways of secretory granule maturation and polymorphisms in innate immunity genes. Abnormal ileal PCP at the time of colectomy was also associated with pouch complications including de novo CD in the pouch and time to first episode of pouchitis.

Conclusions
Ileal PCP is biologically and clinically relevant in UC and can be used as a biomarker in IBD.
Intravital imaging of cardiac tissue utilizing tissue-stabilized heart window chamber in live animal model
Authors: Ahn Soyeon , Yoon Jung-yeon , Kim Pilhan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
To develop and validate an optimized intravital heart microimaging protocol using a suction-based tissue motion-stabilizing cardiac imaging window to facilitate real-time observation of dynamic cellular behaviours within cardiac tissue in live mouse models.

Methods and results
Intravital heart imaging was conducted using dual-mode confocal and two-photon microscopy. Mice were anesthetized, intubated, and maintained at a stable body temperature during the procedure. LysM-eGFP transgenic mice were utilized to visualize immune cell dynamics with vascular labelling by intravenous injection of anti-CD31 antibody and DiD-labelled red blood cells (RBCs). A heart imaging window chamber with a vacuum-based tissue motion stabilizer with 890–920 mbar was applied following a chest incision to expose the cardiac tissue. The suction-based heart imaging window chamber system and artificial intelligence-based motion compensation function significantly reduced motion artefacts and facilitated real-time in vivo cell analysis of immune cell and RBC trafficking, revealing a mean neutrophil movement velocity of 1.66 mm/s, which was slower compared to the RBC flow velocity of 9.22 mm/s. Intravital two-photon microscopic heart imaging enabled label-free second harmonic generation imaging of cardiac muscle structures with 820–840 nm excitation wavelength, revealing detailed biodistributions and structural variations in sarcomeres and fibrillar organization in the heart.

Conclusion
The optimized intravital heart imaging protocol successfully demonstrates its capability to provide high-resolution, real-time visualization of dynamic cellular activities within live cardiac tissue.
Differences in the association of lifestyle-related modifiable risk factors with incident cardiovascular disease between individuals with and without diabetes
Authors: Komuro Kaoruko , Kaneko Hidehiro , Komuro Jin , Suzuki Yuta , Okada Akira , Mizuno Atsushi , Fujiu Katsuhito , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Node Koichi , Yasunaga Hideo , Takeda Norihiko , Ieda Masaki , Komuro Issei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Individuals with diabetes have a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Little was known whether the association between modifiable risk factors and incident CVD would change according to the presence of diabetes.

Methods and results
In this study, we analysed 4 132 006 individuals including 173 262 individuals (4.2%) with diabetes registered in the JMDC Claims Database, and compared the association between modifiable risk factors and risk of CVD between individuals with and without diabetes. The median age was 44 years, and 57.5% were men. Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that the relationship of obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia with incident CVD was attenuated in individuals with diabetes, whereas that of non-ideal eating habits, smoking, and physical inactivity with incident CVD was pronounced in those with diabetes. The hazard ratio per 1-point increase in non-ideal lifestyle-related factors was 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–1.04] in individuals with non-diabetes, whereas 1.09 (95% CI, 1.07–1.11) in individuals with diabetes (P-value for interaction &lt; 0.001). Further, hazard ratios for developing CVD were 1.02 (95% CI, 1.01–1.04) in individuals not having diabetes, whereas 1.09 (95% CI, 1.04–1.13) in individuals having diabetes for the increase of lifestyle-related factors after 1-year follow-up (P-value for interaction 0.007).

Conclusion
Our analysis utilizing a nationwide epidemiological dataset presented that the relationship of lifestyle-related factors with incident CVD would be pronounced in people having diabetes, suggesting that the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle would play a more important role in the development of CVD in individuals having diabetes.
Associations of uric acid with the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease: the Kailuan Study
Authors: Li Na , Cui Liufu , Shu Rong , Song Haicheng , Wang Jierui , Chen Shuohua , Han Yixuan , Yu Ping , Yuan Wei , Wang Jian , Gao Huanqing , Huang Tao , Gao Xiang , Wu Shouling , Geng Tingting 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
The relationship between uric acid (UA) concentrations and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially for subtypes of CVD among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate whether UA concentration was associated with subtypes of CVD and all-cause mortality among individuals with CKD.

Methods and results
A total of 27 707 individuals with CKD, free of CVD at recruitment from the Kailuan Study, were included. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over a median follow-up of 11–12 years, we documented 674 myocardial infarctions, 1197 heart failures, 2406 strokes, and 5676 total deaths. Among participants with CKD, compared with those in the lowest tertile of UA, the HRs (95% CIs) of participants in the highest UA tertile were 1.38 (1.13–1.67) for myocardial infarction, 1.60 (1.38–1.85) for heart failure, 1.01 (0.91–1.12) for stroke, and 1.29 (1.21–1.38) for all-cause mortality. Subgroup analyses showed that the associations between UA and heart failure and all-cause mortality were stronger in individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;45 mL/min/1.73 m2 compared to their counterparts (Pinteraction &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the association between UA and all-cause mortality was stronger among individuals without diabetes than those with diabetes (Pinteraction &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
In individuals with CKD, a higher concentration of UA was associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure, and all-cause mortality, following a dose–response relationship. Our data underscore the importance of UA screening among individuals with CKD for CVD and premature death prevention.
How to help countries improve resilience during a pandemic: an example of a Rapid Exchange Forum
Authors: Habl Claudia , Weiss Johannes , Gottlob Anita , Saso Miriam , Schutte Nienke , Bogaert Petronille , Paulo Marília Silva , Lapão Luís Velez 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic demanded quick exchanges between experts and institutions supporting governments to provide evidence-based information in response to the crisis. Initially, there was no regular cross-country forum in the field of population health. This paper describes the set-up and benefits of implementing such a forum.

Methods
A group of public health practitioners from academia, national public health institutes and ministries of health decided in April 2020 to meet bi-monthly to discuss a vast array of population health topics in a structured format called a Rapid Exchange Forum (REF). An ad-hoc mailing group was established to collect responses to questions brought forward in the forum from at least five countries within 24 h. This endeavour, which evolved as network of networks was awarded an EU grant in autumn 2020 and was called PHIRI (Population Health Information Research Infrastructure).

Results
Responses from up to 31 countries were compiled and shared immediately via the European Health Information Portal. This exchange was complemented by special REFs that focused on the advantages and disadvantages of vaccination, for example. By July 2023, 54 REFs had taken place with topics going beyond COVID-19.

Conclusion
The REF demonstrated its value for quick yet evidence-based cross-country exchange in times of crisis and was highly appreciated by countries and European Commission. It demonstrated its sustainability even after the acute crisis by expanding the topics covered and managing to continue exchange with the aim of capacity building and mutual learning, making it a true EU response and coordination mechanism.
PHIRI: lessons for an extensive reuse of sensitive data in federated health research
Authors: González-García Juan , González-Galindo Javier , Estupiñán-Romero Francisco , Thißen Martin , Lyons Ronan A , Telleria-Orriols Carlos , Bernal-Delgado Enrique ,   Population Health Information Research Infrastructure, Bogaert Petronille , Schutte Nienke , Derycke Pascal , Aldridge Sarah , Schmidt Andrea , Dolanski-Aghamanoukjan Lorenz , Zeitlin Jennifer , Philibert Marianne , Tolonen Hanna , Gissler Mikka , Rodríguez-Blázquez Carmen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The extensive and continuous reuse of sensitive health data could enhance the role of population health research on public decisions. This paper describes the design principles and the different building blocks that have supported the implementation and deployment of Population Health Information Research Infrastructure (PHIRI), the strengths and challenges of the approach and some future developments.

Methods
The design and implementation of PHIRI have been developed upon: (i) the data visiting principle—data does not move but code moves; (ii) the orchestration of the research question throughout a workflow that ensured legal, organizational, semantic and technological interoperability and (iii) a ‘master–worker’ federated computational architecture that supported the development of four uses cases.

Results
Nine participants nodes and 28 Euro-Peristat members completed the deployment of the infrastructure according to the expected outputs. As a consequence, each use case produced and published their own common data model, the analytical pipeline and the corresponding research outputs. All the digital objects were developed and published according to Open Science and FAIR principles.

Conclusion
PHIRI has successfully supported the development of four use cases in a federated manner, overcoming limitations for the reuse of sensitive health data and providing a methodology to achieve interoperability in multiple research nodes.
Foresight in public health: a tutorial on application and insights on challenges from the PHIRI foresight exercise
Authors: Mutubuki Elizabeth N , Moye-Holz Daniela , Peyroteo Mariana , Lapão Luís Velez , Hilderink Henk B M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The application of foresight to the field of public health is limited. There is growing need to anticipate uncertain future trends and to plan for them. Foresight provides tools to experts and policymakers to discuss and plan for possible futures. Hence, the aim of this study is to illustrate how the foresight six-step approach can be applied in public health, and to provide recommendations on dealing with challenges, drawn from the Population Health Information Research Infrastructure (PHIRI) foresight exercise.

Methods
In this tutorial, we describe the six-step approach as part of foresight methodology and give examples of possible challenges. Step 1 comprises the formulation of study objectives. Step 2 focuses on developing a conceptual model and applying the Demographic Economic Sociocultural Technological Ecological and Political-Institutional (DESTEP) framework to identify and prioritize driving forces for the topic of interest. In Step 3, a time horizon and spatial level are defined. Step 4 discusses scenario logics. Steps 5 and 6 discuss different types of scenarios and associated tools for analyses. Possible challenges encountered whilst applying the foresight methodology at each of the steps, were drawn from experiences during PHIRI foresight exercise.

Results
Challenges associated with applying the foresight six-step approach included: formulating concise objectives, developing a conceptual model, understanding driving forces and uncertainty and difficulties in building scenarios.

Conclusions
Understanding concepts used in the six-step approach and how they relate to each other remained difficult. Support from foresight experts, conducting more foresight exercises, tutorials and guidelines can enhance understanding and support building capacity.
COVID-19 health information system assessments in eight European countries: identified gaps, best practices and recommendations
Authors: Saso Miriam , Schutte Nienke , Borg Marika , Calleja Neville , Schmidt Andrea E , Peyroteo Mariana , Lapão Luís Velez , Fehr Angela , Thißen Martin , Courtney Michael , Bogaert Petronille 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Global threats, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, have highlighted the critical importance of robust and well-functioning health information systems (HIS) in effectively addressing public health emergencies. To enhance the understanding and the functioning of such systems, it is crucial to perform HIS assessments. This article explores key gaps and identifies best practices in the COVID-19 HIS of eight European countries. Furthermore, it provides recommendations to strengthen European systems for better pandemic preparedness.

Methods
Assessments were carried out in eight European countries using an adapted version of the WHO support tool to strengthen HIS and the Joint Action on Health Information assessment tool. The assessments took place between January 2022 and April 2023.

Results
Four main themes emerged regarding the gaps and best practices identified in the various HIS: organizational, technical, legal and resources. The results of these assessments show different approaches implemented by countries to improve their HIS and respond to the demands of the pandemic.

Conclusions
It is imperative for countries to draw valuable insights from the COVID-19 pandemic and strengthen their HIS. This involves the adaptation or development of pandemic preparedness plans, strengthening legislative framework for data sharing and privacy protection, promotion of data standards and international definitions and implementation of a unique person identifier. Additionally, countries will have to act in this post-pandemic era and integrate the newly developed systems and innovations into existing structures, maintain and develop trust by citizens through transparent communication and engage in infodemic management and address resource gaps in the workforce.
Identification of methodological issues regarding direct impact indicators of COVID-19: a rapid scoping review on morbidity, severity and mortality
Authors: Garriga Cesar , Valero-Gaspar Teresa , Rodriguez-Blazquez Carmen , Diaz Asuncion , Bezzegh Péter , Daňková Šárka , Unim Brigid , Palmieri Luigi , Thiβen Martin , Pentz Richard , Cilović-Lagarija Šeila , Jogunčić Anes , Feteira-Santos Rodrigo , Vuković Jakov , Idavain Jane , Curta Anda , Sandu Petru , Vinko Matej , Forjaz Maria João 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
During the first epidemic wave, COVID-19 surveillance focused on quantifying the magnitude and the escalation of a growing global health crisis. The scientific community first assessed risk through basic indicators, such as the number of cases or rates of new cases and deaths, and later began using other direct impact indicators to conduct more detailed analyses. We aimed at synthesizing the scientific community’s contribution to assessing the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on population health through indicators reported in research papers.

Methods
We conducted a rapid scoping review to identify and describe health indicators included in articles published between January 2020 and June 2021, using one strategy to search PubMed, EMBASE and WHO COVID-19 databases. Sixteen experts from European public health institutions screened papers and retrieved indicator characteristics. We also asked in an online survey how the health indicators were added to and used in policy documents in Europe.

Results
After reviewing 3891 records, we selected a final sample of 67 articles and 233 indicators. We identified 52 (22.3%) morbidity indicators from 33 articles, 105 severity indicators (45.1%, 27 articles) and 68 mortality indicators (29.2%, 51). Respondents from 22 countries completed 31 questionnaires, and the majority reported morbidity indicators (29, 93.5%), followed by mortality indicators (26, 83.9%).

Conclusions
The indicators collated here might be useful to assess the impact of future pandemics. Therefore, their measurement should be standardized to allow for comparisons between settings, countries and different populations.
Risk factors for mid- and long-term mortality in lung transplant recipients aged 70 years and older
Authors: Pan Yining , Shi Jiang , Li Xuan , Luo Xiaojing , Zhang Jiaqin , Luo Caikang , Lin Yanwei , Huang Fei , He Wei , Lan Xiaoqing , He Junjie , Xu Yu , He Jianxing , Xu Xin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
With increased lung transplantation in those aged 70 and older, limited literature addresses risk factors affecting their survival. Our study aims to identify independent factors impacting mid- and long-term mortality in this elderly population.

METHODS
This study analyzed lung transplant patients over 70 from May 2005 to December 2022 using United Network for Organ Sharing data. The 3- or 5-year cohort excluded multi-organ, secondary transplantation and loss to follow-up. Univariable Cox analysis was conducted to assess recipient, donor and transplant factors. Factors with a significance level of P &lt; 0.2 were subsequently included in a multivariable Cox model to identify correlations with 3- and 5-year mortality in patients aged over 70.

RESULTS
Multivariable analysis has identified key factors affecting 3- and 5-year mortality in elderly lung transplant patients over 70. Common notable factors include recipient total bilirubin, intensive care unit status at the time of transplantation, donor diabetes, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) mismatch and single lung transplantation. Additionally, Hispanic/Latino patients and ischaemia time of the transplant significantly impact the 3-year mortality, while recipient age, diabetes, nitric oxide use before transplantation and creatinine were identified as unique independent risk factors affecting the 5-year morality.

CONCLUSIONS
The study identified several independent risk factors that impact the mid- and long-term survival of lung transplantation for individuals over 70 years. These findings can contribute to the optimization of lung transplant treatment strategies and perioperative management in elderly patients, thereby enhancing the survival rate of this age group.
Does Collectivism Make a Difference? A Comparative Test of Common Ingroup Strategies to Reduce Affective Polarization
Authors: Park Jihye , Warner Benjamin R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Common national identity appeals have been identified as one of the most promising strategies to reduce affective political polarization. However, research on this is concentrated in highly individualistic Western democracies. Because much of the global population lives in more collectivist societies, it is important to conduct comparative tests to see if common national identity appeals operate similarly when considering the increasingly global problem of polarization. In this study, we investigate how the individualism–collectivism dimension of culture interacts with national identity salience as a polarization reduction strategy. Survey experiments were conducted in South Korea and the US. We find that priming national identity increases national pride much more in collectivist societies, but that the depolarizing effect of our national identity prime was only indirect and limited.