bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archeology and the language-ready brain
Authors: Dubreuil Benoît , Henshilwood Christopher Stuart 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this book, Michael Arbib presents a most interesting and comprehensive account of the evolution of language. The work is both impressive and convincing in its description of how the language-ready brain evolved and how languages emerged through cultural evolution. As we are in broad agreement with Arbib's evolutionary story at the neurocognitive level, we focus on an underdeveloped part of his argument: when did language evolve in the human lineage? How does Arbib's neurocognitive argument connect with what archeology teaches us about human evolution?
Extraction of ursolic acid from Ocimum sanctum and synthesis of its novel derivatives: effects on extracellular homocysteine, dihydrofolate reductase activity and proliferation of HepG2 human hepatoma cells
Authors: Batra Apsara , Sastry V. Girija 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to extract ursolic acid (UA) from Ocimum sanctum, to synthesize its bioactive derivatives, evaluate the anti-cancer effect of its derivatives and to establish the possible mechanism of action. In the present report, we extracted UA from whole plant of O. sanctum, synthesized its novel derivatives and investigated their effect on homocysteine metabolism and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity of HepG2 cells. UA and its derivatives UA-1, UA-2 and UA-3 down-regulated DHFR activity and increased extracellular homocysteine. UA-2 showed significant anti-proliferation activity in cancer cells. Cancer cells have increased the requirement of pyrimidine base thymidylate due to rapid cell division. Thymidylate biosynthesis depends on sufficient pools of folate dependent enzymes like DHFR. In the present study, we examined the UA and its derivatives mediated perturbation of DHFR activity and extracellular homocysteine in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. After incubation with UA-2, a potent inhibition of DHFR activity was observed. Our results showed that derivatization of UA might adversely affect DHFR activity. Measurement of extracellular homocysteine indicated impaired one-carbon metabolism in cells treated with UA derivatives. In conclusion, our data suggest an anti-cancer role of UA and its derivatives via inhibition of one-carbon metabolism.
Impact of Maxillary Advancement on Speech and Velopharyngeal Function in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Smedberg Erica , Neovius Erik , Lohmander Anette 
Published: September 2013

Objective Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and maxillary retrognathia are usually treated with maxillary advancement (Le Fort I osteotomy). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maxillary advancement on the velopharyngeal function (VPF) and symptoms of velopharyngeal incompetence in patients with CLP. Design Retrospective group study before and after treatment. Participants All patients who had undergone Le Fort I osteotomy due to maxillary retrognathia from 2007 to 2010 at Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden (n = 13). Pre- and postoperatively standardized examinations were used. Blinded audio recordings were independently assessed by three experienced speech pathologists. Acoustical data (nasometry) and information on VPF (videoradiography and nasoendoscopy) were collected from the medical records. Two patients with additional malformations were considered outliers, and group data were based on a sample size of n = 11. Main Outcome Measures Perceptual and acoustic symptoms of velopharyngeal incompetence and overall assessment of VPF. Results No assessment method showed a significant deterioration of the VPF postoperatively. Individual data revealed that 6 of the 13 patients had no or only one symptom pre- and/or postoperatively. The two patients with additional malformations had most symptoms pre- and postoperatively and did not change. Three patients had an increased number of symptoms postoperatively by at least two symptoms. No associations between the outcome and possible prognostic factors were found. Conclusions Maxillary advancement did not have a significant impact on the VPF at the group level, but three individuals had a somewhat deteriorated VPF postoperatively.
Influence of Citrus Plants Infected withXylella fastidiosaon Stylet Penetration Activities ofBucephalogonia xanthophis(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Miranda M P De , Villada E S , Lopes S A , Fereres A , Lopes JRS 
Published: September 2013

AbstractXylem colonization by Xylello fastidiosa promotes physiological, biochemical, and morphological alterations in citrus plants causing citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) disease, which might influence the feeding behavior of vectors of this bacterial pathogen and its spread in citrus groves. By using the electrical penetration graph technique, we compared the numbers and durations of stylet penetration activities by adults of the sharpshooter vector Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on healthy and X. fastidiosa-infected sweet orange seedlings (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, cv. Pera). Infected plants were either symptomatic, exhibiting the typical CVC, symptoms or totally asymptomatic. The mean time needed to contact xylem and start xylem sap ingestion after the onset of the first probe was similar among treatments. However, the average time elapsed between the onset of the first probe and the beginning of sustained xylem ingestion (&gt;5 min) was longer on plants with CVC symptoms than on infected asymptomatic or healthy plants. In addition, the length of time spent in ingestion activities was much shorter on symptomatic plants. Our results showed that CVC symptomatic citrus plants were a less acceptable host than uninfected or asymptomatic X. fastidiosa-infected plants. Furthermore, our results support the hypothesis that symptomless infected citrus trees may be more important as sources for CVC spread than severely diseased ones.
The Song, Morphology, Habitat, and Distribution of the Elusive North American Cicada Okanagana viridis (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae)
Authors: Hill Kathy B R , Marshall David C 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The North American cicada Okanagana viridis Davis has been little reported in the literature for nearly 80 yr. We provide the first notes on the song and ecology of this elusive species, and we update its known range. O. viridis is unusual in a large genus of 60 otherwise arid- or cold-adapted, mostly western U.S. species, in that it is found in the temperate deciduous southern forests of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas. It is the only almost solid bright green Okanagana Distant, and it calls from high in trees during daylight hours and occasionally at dusk, during the summer months. The song is a thin, dull, steady whine ≈30 s in duration; it is composed of irregular doublet or triplet pulses given at a mean rate of 127/s, with a mean peak sound frequency of 9.27 kHz. O. viridis is uncommon in collections, and it appears restricted to remaining small forest patches near lowland river deltas.
Soil Engineering Facilitates Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Growth — A Case Study
Authors: Blank Robert R. , Morgan Tye 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSoil engineering by downy brome may be a facet of its competitiveness. Using rhizotrons in the greenhouse, we compared the growth and plant–soil relationships of downy brome grown in two field soil types: soil invaded for 12 yr by downy brome and a similar soil not yet invaded. For each soil type, downy brome was grown for two growth cycles. At harvest, root mass and soils were sampled at depths of 10, 40, and 80 cm (4, 16, and 32 in); aboveground biomass was also sampled. After the first growth cycle, downy brome grown in invaded soil had 250% greater aboveground biomass and nearly double the root mass per soil volume at 10 cm relative to downy brome grown in noninvaded soil; root mass per volume was similar at depths of 40 and 80 cm. For the second growth cycle, aboveground biomass declined, but was twice greater for downy brome grown in invaded soil; however, root mass per volume was similar between soil types for each depth. Soil attributes that positively related to aboveground biomass included bicarbonate-extractable P, DTPA (diethylentriamene pentaacetate)-extractable Mn, and solution-phase(80-cm depth). We conclude that the data support our hypothesis that downy brome has engineered the soil to increase its growth potential, but proof will require a more robust experimental design. Plant competition is affected by myriad interactions; however, a plant that can increase the availability of soil nutrients for itself and its growth potential, relative to competing plants, would appear to be at an advantage. The mechanistic underpinnings involved are inconclusive, but may involve increased availability of soil N, P, and Mn.
Produced-Water-Chemistry History Matching Using a 1D Reactive Injector/Producer Reservoir Model
Authors: Vazquez O.. , McCartney R.. , Mackay E.. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryUnderstanding connectivity between injection and production wells is valuable information for reservoir management. Typically, connectivity might be evaluated by use of downhole-pressure information or by injecting tracers into the reservoir. A less-established but inexpensive technique is to history match produced-water compositions. For example, previous studies with this method have identified barriers to flow in reservoirs. Information on connectivity is also beneficial to scale management, particularly that in which sulfate (SO4) -rich seawater is injected into reservoirs containing formation water rich in divalent cations [i.e., barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), calcium (Ca)], because, in these cases, the sulfate mineral-scaling conditions in production wells are a function of the physical properties of the flow paths connecting the injection and production wells (Wright et al. 2008).In this study, we have considered this latter relationship from a reverse perspective and explored the potential of history matching produced-water compositions to understand the physical properties of flow paths connecting injection and production wells for reservoirs under seawater flood. We have performed this history matching with a 1D reactive transport model connecting an injector and a producer through a number of noncommunicating layers characterized by permeability, porosity, and height (completion interval) (Vazquez et al. 2009). The model simulates the injection of seawater, the mixing of the seawater with reservoir-formation brine, and the subsequent deposition of sulfate scales (barium and calcium sulfate among others) in the reservoir under equilibrium and kinetic conditions. The results of interest are the predicted produced-water compositions over time from the model, similar to the approach presented by McCartney et al. (2012); Tjomsland et al. (2010); and Wright et al. (2008).The model has been used to demonstrate the way in which produced-water compositions vary as the physical properties of the layers between the wells are modified, and, particularly, the way in which they vary in the presence of thief zones. Finally, a stochastic method was applied—in particular a particle-swarm-optimization (PSO) algorithm—for the automatic history matching of actual produced-water compositions from individual wells in fields under seawater flooding. The results are promising and show that this technique can provide valuable information about the nature of interwell connectivity.
Effect of Testosterone Propionate on Erythropoiesis after Experimental Orchiectomy
Authors: Delev Delyan P. , Davcheva Delyana P. , Kostadinov Ilia D. , Kostadinova Ivanka I. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Androgen deficiency anemia occurs most frequently in pharmacogenic suppression of androgen synthesis or with advancing age in men. Bilateral orchiectomy is a surgical modality used in the treatment of metastatic prostate carcinoma. It is accompanied by marked decrease in circulating serum levels of androgens. AIM: The aim of the experimental study was to determine the effect of substitution therapy with testosterone propionate (TP) on some haematological parameters of erythropoiesis in male rats after orchiectomy.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty Wistar male rats with mean weight of 252.3 g were used in the study. The animals were allocated into 2 control orchidectomized groups, 2 shamoperated groups and 4 experimental orchidectomized groups. Testosterone propionate was administered intramuscularly, once a week at a dose of 4 mg and 8 mg per kilogram of body weight for 15 days and for 15 weeks. Erythrocyte count was performed and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were measured.
RESULTS: In the chronic experiment there was a significant decrease in red blood cells and hemoglobin, and a tendency of decrease in hematocrit after orchiectomy. The effect of TP on erythropoiesis in orchiectomised rats is dose-dependent.
CONCLUSION: TP replacement therapy in doses of 4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg has a stimulating effect on erythropoiesis only in chronic administration.
Epidemiological Study of Laterognathia, Mandibular Deviation and Posterior Crossbite in Children Aged 7-17 Years from Plovdiv
Authors: Krasteva Silvya A. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
AIM: To conduct an epidemiological study and find the prevalence of some transverse anomalies of occlusion in children aged 7-17 years from the region of Plovdiv; to determine the most appropriate time for early orthodontic treatment based on the results of the study.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 883 children from Plovdiv (7-17 years old). The children were studied by means of extraoral examination, a clinical examination of dental arches and occlusion and by doing a clinical test to assess mandibular displacement. RESULTS: The prevalences of mandibular deviation, laterognathia and posterior crossbite (unilateral or bilateral of single teeth or a group of teeth) were 30.4%, 1.02%, 10.53%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Our results are consistent with the results reported by other authors which indicate that these malocclusions cannot self-regulate and for this reason they should be subject to strict prevention and early treatment.
CASMACAT: An Open Source Workbench for Advanced Computer Aided Translation
Authors: Alabau Vicent , Bonk Ragnar , Buck Christian , Carl Michael , Casacuberta Francisco , García-Martínez Mercedes , González Jesús , Koehn Philipp , Leiva Luis , Mesa-Lao Bartolomé , Ortiz Daniel , Saint-Amand Herve , Sanchis Germán , Tsoukala Chara 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
We describe an open source workbench that offers advanced computer aided translation (CAT) functionality: post-editing machine translation (MT), interactive translation prediction (ITP), visualization of word alignment, extensive logging with replay mode, integration with eye trackers and e-pen.
Determination of mercury species using thermal desorption analysis in AAS
Authors: Coufalík Pavel , Zvěřina Ondřej , Komárek Josef 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAnalytical aspects of the determination of inorganic mercury (Hg) species by thermal desorption followed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) detection were investigated in this work. Characteristic Hg release curves of the following species were observed: Hg0, HgCl2, HgO, HgSO4, HgS, and the Hg bound to humic acids. Particular attention was dedicated to the thermal stability and change of bond of Hg0 in the following matrices: sand, kaolinite, granite, peat, power plant ash, and soil. The bond of elemental Hg in environmental materials was described on basis of this experiment. Contaminated soil samples from two locations in the Czech Republic were investigated by thermal desorption analysis. Afterwards, the contents of volatile and plant-available Hg in the studied samples were determined. The determination of Hg0 using the thermal method was related to the results of liquid sequential extraction. The development of Hg speciation and the stability of Hg were assessed on basis of the data obtained. Thus, the analytical procedure used is a suitable tool for the study of inorganic Hg species in contaminated soils.
ASIC and FPGA based DPWM architectures for single-phase and single-output DC-DC converter: a review
Authors: Chander Subhash , Agarwal Pramod , Gupta Indra 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPulse width modulation (PWM) has been widely used in power converter control. This paper presents a review of architectures of the Digital Pulse Width Modulators (DPWM) targeting digital control of switching DC-DC converters. An attempt is made to review the reported architectures with emphasis on the ASIC and FPGA implementations in single phase and single-output DC-DC converters. Recent architectures using FPGA’s advanced resources for achieving the resolution higher than classical methods have also been discussed. The merits and demerits of different architectures, and their relative comparative performance, are also presented. The Authors intention is to uncover the groundwork and the related references through this review for the benefit of readers and researchers targeting different DPWM architectures for the DC-DC converters.
Tourist function in rural areas of Poland.
Spacial diversity and changing trends
Authors: Durydiwka Małgorzata 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper presents the findings of research carried out by the author, concerning the development of tourist function in the period 1995-2005. Tourist function was defined by means of two features: the number of tourists using lodging facilities and the number of companies registered in the REGON system, section H. In order to quantify the tourist function, a synthetic measure (Ft) was employed according to the procedure of Z. Zioło (1973). Based on this measure, five levels of tourist function development were specified. Next, an analysis was carried out on what changes (quantitative and spatial) occurred in the development of tourist function in rural areas. Special attention was paid to the so-called tourist communes (gmina), i.e. those where the tourist function is developed to at least an intermediate level. For these communes, nine functional types were identified, based on two features – the average length of visitors’ stay and the percentage of all-year lodging). Moreover, changes taking place in the studied period were specified.
Formation mechanism of manganese vanadate microtubes and their electrochemical sensing properties
Authors: Pei L. Z. , Pei Y. Q. , Xie Y. K. , Fan C. G. , Zhang Q. F. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Manganese vanadate microtubes have been synthesized via a simple hydrothermal process using polyvinyl pyrrolidone as the surfactant. Scanning electron microscopy observation shows that polyvinyl pyrrolidone plays an essential role in the formation and phase transformation of the manganese vanadate microtubes. A polyvinyl pyrrolidone-assisted “Ostwald ripening” growth mechanism has been proposed to explain the formation process of the manganese vanadate microtubes. The electrochemical behavior of L-cysteine at the manganese vanadate microtube modified glassy carbon electrode has been analyzed. The manganese vanadate microtube modified glassy carbon electrode exhibits the performance for the electrochemical determination of L-cysteine with a detection limit of 9.2 μM and linear range of 0.01 – 2 mM.
Oral Health-related Quality of Life and Associated Factors in National Cadets Corps of Udupi District, India
Authors: Pentapati Kalyana Chakravarthy , Acharya Shashidhar , Bhat Meghashyam , Rao Sree Vidya Krishna 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective
To assess the oral impact on daily performances (OIDP) and to study the inter-relationship between OIDP, dental attendance, socioeconomic status and caries experience among children enrolled in the National Cadets Corps (NCC).

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional survey of 389 male NCC cadets in the age group of 13 to 15 years was done. Child version of Oral Impacts on Daily Performances questionnaire (Child-OIDP) was used to assess the quality of life. Information on demographic correlates and oral health behavior was obtained through self-administered questionnaire. The cadets were clinically examined for caries using decayed, missing and filled tooth index (DMFT).

Results
A total of 359 children completed all the stages of the survey. The mean age of children was 13.96 ± 0.6 years. Fiftyfive percent of the participants experienced at least one impact in the last 3 months. The mean OIDP score for the population was 12.13 ± 5.85. The most prevalent impact was ‘difficulty in eating’ (37%) and the least affected daily performance was social contact (17%). Dental attendance and caries experience showed significant positive correlation with all the impacts and the overall OIDP score. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed significant influence of dental attendance and caries experience on OIDP.

Conclusion
The study revealed that oral health has significant impact on quality of life of Indian children.

How to cite this article
Pentapati KC, Acharya S, Bhat M, Rao SVK, Singh S. Oral Health-related Quality of Life and Associated Factors in National Cadets Corps of Udupi District, India. World J Dent 2013;4(2):81-85.
Intraoral Local Anesthesia and Ocular Complications
Authors: Patil Kavitha , Munoli Karishma , Kumar Vinod , Venkataraghavan Kartik 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Background
Ocular complications due to intraoral local anesthesia are rare but most distressing to the dentist and patient. Ocular complications after local anesthetic injections are rarely reported in the literature and these complications include strabismus, ptosis, diplopia, blindness, ophthalmoplegia, loss of accommodation.
The dentist must be vigilant and beware of ocular complications when performing local anesthetic nerve blocks.

Aim
The aim and objective of this review is to help the dental surgeons to understand about the causes, mechanisms and symptoms of ocular complications to enable them to diagnose, manage and prevent those complications.

Materials and methods
The revision included a systematic literature search of past 10 years with keywords dental anesthesia, ocular complications, blindness after dental anesthesia, diplopia following dental anesthesia.
Papers for review were chosen from the selected articles. When data did not appear sufficient or were inconclusive; recommendations were based upon expert or consensus opinion by experienced researchers and clinicians.

Conclusion
The various ocular complications, its causes, mechanisms and management are emphasized in this review paper. As per literature review ocular complications are rare to occur but they are most distressing, clinicians should be aware of complications and should be able to diagnose and understand the complications for timely prevention and effective management.

How to cite this article
Patil K, Munoli K, Kumar V, Venkataraghavan K. Intraoral Local Anesthesia and Ocular Complications. World J Dent 2013;4(2):108-112.