bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification and Evaluation of Factors Influencing Largemouth Bass Predation of Stocked Advanced Fingerling Yellow Perch
Authors: Lundgren Seth A. , Schoenebeck Casey W. , Koupal Keith D. , Lorensen Jared A. , Huber Caleb G. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Over 2 years, we examined the survival of stocked advanced fingerling Yellow Perch Perca flavescens involving over 16 stocking events in eight lakes in Nebraska. The survival of stocked fish was estimated with respect to both handling mortality during stocking and predation by Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides. Handling mortality during stocking was found to be zero, while Largemouth Bass consumption of stocked Yellow Perch averaged 26.4%. Consumption was highest on the day of stocking (0.35 perch/bass stomach), with only minimal consumption (0.01 perch/stomach) occurring beyond 4 d. Largemouth Bass populations with small size structure (PSD &lt; 29) were predictive of greater Yellow Perch mortality, suggesting that there is greater perch survival in lakes with bass populations of larger size structure.
Received November 26, 2013; accepted February 25, 2014
An Estimate of Postrelease Mortality of School-Size Bluefin Tuna in the U.S. Recreational Troll Fishery
Authors: Marcek Benjamin J. , Graves John E. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The recreational fishery for juvenile Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus along the U.S. Atlantic coast has a large number of regulatory discards, but little information exists on the fate of released fish. We deployed 20 pop-up satellite archival tags programmed to release after 31 d to estimate the postrelease mortality of school-size (69–119 cm curved FL) Bluefin Tuna caught in the recreational troll fishery. All fish were captured using lures or lure–bait combinations rigged with standard “J” hooks. Nineteen of the 20 tags (95%) reported, and analysis of temperature, depth, and light data indicated that all 19 fish survived for the tagging period. Three tags released prematurely (after 6, 7, and 26 d), and we inferred that one individual was consumed by a shark after 12 d. However, all four of these fish displayed behavior indicative of survival until the tag either released or the fish was consumed. Although the power of this analysis is limited by the relatively small sample size, the observed postrelease mortality rate of 0% suggests that the recreational catch-and-release troll fishery for school-size Bluefin Tuna does not represent a significant source of fishing mortality.
Received September 24, 2013; accepted March 3, 2014
Fishing for Northern Pike in Minnesota: Comparing Anglers and Dark House Spearers
Authors: Schroeder Susan A. , Fulton David C. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In order to project fishing effort and demand of individuals targeting Northern Pike Esox lucius in Minnesota, it is important to understand the catch orientations, management preferences, and site choice preferences of those individuals. Northern Pike are specifically targeted by about 35% of the approximately 1.5 million licensed anglers in Minnesota and by approximately 14,000–15,000 dark house spearers. Dark house spearing is a traditional method of harvesting fish through the ice in winter. Mail surveys were distributed to three research strata: anglers targeting Northern Pike, dark house spearing license holders spearing Northern Pike, and dark house spearing license holders angling for Northern Pike. Dark house spearers, whether spearing or angling, reported a stronger orientation toward keeping Northern Pike than did anglers. Anglers reported a stronger orientation toward catching large Northern Pike than did dark house spearers when spearing or angling. Northern Pike regulations were the most important attribute affecting site choice for respondents in all three strata. Models for all strata indicated a preference for lakes without protected slot limits. However, protected slot limits had a stronger negative influence on lake preference for dark house spearing licensees (whether spearing or angling) than for anglers.
Received September 26, 2013; accepted March 19, 2014
Psychological and Drug Abuse Symptoms Associated with Nonmedical Use of Opioid Analgesics among Adolescents
Authors: Boyd Carol J. , Young Amy , McCabe Sean E. 
Published: June 2014

Background Approximately 18% of US adolescents engaged in prescription opioid abuse in 2013. However, this estimate may be misleading because it includes both medical misusers and nonmedical users, and there is evidence that these are 2 groups that differ relative to substance abuse and criminal risk. Thus, this study does not combine medical and nonmedical users; rather, it seeks to better understand the characteristics of nonmedical users. Methods This was a school-based, cross-sectional study that was conducted during 2009–2010 in southeastern Michigan with a sample of 2627 adolescents using a Web-based survey. Three mutually exclusive groups were created based on responses regarding medical and nonmedical use of opioid analgesics. Group 1 had never used an opioid analgesic, Group 2 used an opioid analgesic only as prescribed, and Group 3 nonmedically used an opioid analgesic. In addition, Group 3 was divided into 2 mutually exclusive subgroups (self-treaters and sensation-seekers) based on reasons for nonmedical use. A series of multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to determine if the groups differed on the presence of pain, psychological symptoms (e.g., affective disorder, conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]), and drug abuse. Results Sixty-five percent (65.0%) of the sample was white/Caucasian and 29.5% was African American. The average age was 14.8 years (SD = 1.9). Seventy percent (70.4%; n = 1850) reported no lifetime opioid use, 24.5% ( n = 644) were medical users, 3.5% ( n = 92) were nonmedical users who used for pain relief only, and 1.6% ( n = 41) were classified as nonmedical users for reasons other than for pain relief (e.g., to get high). Both medical users and nonmedical users reported more pain and substance abuse symptoms compared with never users. Those nonmedical users who used opioids for sensation-seeking motivations had greater odds of having psychological symptoms. Conclusions These data support the need to further consider subgroups of nonmedical users of opioid analgesics.
Effects of Stocking Density on Growth, Survival, and Stress Physiology of Pigfish
Authors: DiMaggio Matthew A , Ohs Cortney L , Broach Jason S , Sink Todd D 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Stocking density is an important consideration in the intensive commercial production of fishes. Decreased growth and survival may result from overcrowding in the culture environment, while understocking may lead to inefficient use of resources. The Pigfish Orthopristis chrysoptera is a marine baitfish species with great potential for commercial production in the southeastern United States. To date, no studies have assessed the effect of culture density on Pigfish in recirculating aquaculture systems. Thus, we conducted two experiments to evaluate the effect of stocking density on Pigfish growth, survival, and stress physiology. The small-scale trial included three densities—0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 fish/L (0.94, 2.82, and 4.70 kg/m3)—evaluated over the course of a 65-d growth period. The large-scale experiment encompassed four lower stocking densities—0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 fish/L (0.10, 0.19, 0.38, and 0.76 kg/m3)—investigated over a 50-d growth period. Growth, survival, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio were assessed for each treatment at the conclusion of the experiments. Additionally, plasma osmolality, chloride, cortisol, and glucose in Pigfish were evaluated at the completion of the large-scale experiment. Trends in growth and survival were similar among most of the Pigfish densities tested. However, 50-d survival was significantly lower in the 0.05-fish/L treatment (mean±SD = 14.8±6.4%) than in the 0.2-fish/L (37.6±11.6%) and 0.4-fish/L (41.9±9.3%) treatments. Specific growth rate estimates ranged from 2.02±0.31% to 4.38±0.59% (mean±SD) during both trials. Differences in primary and secondary stress responses among treatments were generally unclear. Densities of up to 0.5 fish/L (4.70 kg/m3) appear to be conducive to the culture of juvenile Pigfish. Further research is needed to examine stocking densities greater than those investigated in this study. Results of physiological analyses represent the first published data on stress physiology in Pigfish.
Impacts of Combined Salinity and Temperature Extremes on Different Strains and Species of Tilapia Inhabiting the Watershed of the Salton Sea
Authors: Lorenzi Varenka , Schlenk Daniel 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Tilapia have relatively rapid osmoregulatory abilities, but the combined stress due to extreme temperature and salinity can negatively affect the survival of the fish. This study compared the tolerance of the California Mozambique Tilapia hybrid (Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus × Wami Tilapia O. urolepis; CA hybrid) from aquaculture and three species of tilapia that currently live in the Salton Sea area: Blue Tilapia O. aureus, Redbelly Tilapia Tilapia zillii, and CA hybrid collected from the sea. The CA hybrid tilapia (both cultured and feral) was the most resistant species across all treatments and could survive salinities up to 60 g/L (‰). The CA hybrid from aquaculture was the most tolerant to higher temperatures (33–38°C), while the one from the Salton Sea was the most tolerant to colder temperatures (11–16°C). In terms of salinity regimes, the aquaculture CA hybrid and Blue Tilapia survived better at 20‰, while the CA hybrid from the sea did best at 45‰. The different stocks of tilapia showed very different tolerances, and these results provide valuable information for the future management of the Salton Sea.
A Self-Contained, Controlled Hatchery System for Rearing Lake Whitefish Embryos for Experimental Aquaculture
Authors: Mitz Charles , Thome Christopher , Cybulski Mary Ellen , Laframboise Lisa , Somers Christopher M , Manzon Richard G , Wilson Joanna Y , Boreham Douglas R 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A self-contained, small-scale research hatchery was constructed in a modified chromatography refrigerator equipped with a filtered and UV-sterilized water recirculation system. Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis embryos were raised in conventional upwelling hatching jars, in dishes with a continuous slow “drip feed,” and in a variety of static water incubation systems in petri dishes and multiwell plates. The optimal rearing density for petri dishes was found to be 50 embryos per dish, with weekly water changes. The highest survival in multiwell plates was seen in the 6- and 24-well sizes. Survival rates in most multiwell plates and petri dishes, as well as in the hatching jar incubators, were between 40% and 60%, which is in line with survival rates seen in commercial large-scale rearing. Overall, these techniques permitted the rearing of large numbers of whitefish in separate batches and under controlled conditions, while greatly reducing space requirements and material costs. Our system is well suited for research and other situations requiring the temperature-controlled rearing of embryos on a small scale.
Growth Performance of Largemouth Bass Fed Fish Meal Derived from Asian Carp
Authors: Bowzer John , Bergman Alexis , Trushenski Jesse 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Feeds for carnivorous fish like Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides are commonly based on marine-origin fish meal, but this ingredient is costly. Fish meal derived from undesirable species, such as invasive Asian carp Hypophthalmichthys spp., is a promising alternative source of protein for carnivorous fish, but information regarding its biological value as a feed ingredient is limited. Accordingly, we evaluated the growth performance of juvenile Largemouth Bass (initial weight, 11.6±0.2 g [mean±SE]) reared for 8 weeks on practical diets (∼14.5% lipid, ∼42% digestible protein) containing different levels of menhaden fish meal (MFM), Asian carp meal (CFM), or a 50:50 blend of these ingredients such that 40% (40 MFM, 40 CFM) or 60% (60 MFM, 60 CFM, 60 Blend) of the estimated digestible protein content was derived from fish meal. Weight gain (329–388%), feed conversion ratio (0.78–0.97), and specific growth rate (2.65–2.88% body weight/d) were generally consistent among treatments. Although our results suggest that performance is greater among fish fed diets with greater fish meal inclusion, regardless of its origin, this trend was not supported by clear statistical evidence. Asian carp fish meal appears to be broadly equivalent to MFM in feeds for Largemouth Bass. Development of CFM as a feed ingredient may offer producers of Largemouth Bass and other carnivorous fishes some savings in feed cost and encourage the harvest of invasive Asian carp.
Effects of Graded Taurine Levels on Juvenile Cobia
Authors: Watson Aaron M , Barrows Frederic T , Place Allen R 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Taurine, which has multiple important physiological roles in teleost fish and mammals, is an amino acid not found in alternative protein sources not derived from animals. Although taurine is found in fish-meal-based feeds, its high water solubility leads to lower taurine levels in reduction-process-based feeds, which marine carnivores such as Cobia Rachycentron canadum are adapted to in their natural diets. Graded taurine supplementation (0, 0.5, 1.5, and 5.0%) added to a traditional fish-meal-based formulation was examined in two growth trials with Cobia: one initiated with 10-g individuals and the second initiated with 120-g individuals. During the first trial, in which growth as weight gain ranged from 123 to 139 g per fish, there was an increase in dietary taurine and a decrease in the feed conversion ratio from 1.04 to 0.99. During the second trial, in which growth ranged from 227 to 313 g gained per fish, there was no significant difference in performance characteristics between dietary treatments. Messenger RNA transcript expression levels for two of the genes involved in taurine synthesis, cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) and cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO), as well as the membrane-bound taurine transporter, TauT, were also measured at the conclusion of the second trial. Increasing dietary taurine in a diet containing 34.5% fish meal did not result in significantly different growth or production characteristics in Cobia, but did result in significantly increased taurine levels in fillet, liver, and plasma.
The Cast Net: an Overlooked Sampling Gear
Authors: Stein William , Smith Patrick W. , Smith Galen 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Sampling fishes and decapods in shallow, estuarine, marsh habitats is challenging because of depth variation, soft substrates that make standing difficult, and the presence of submersed aquatic vegetation. Though often overlooked, a cast net is an efficient gear type for sampling nekton in this environment. Complaints about the cast net are that it is difficult to deploy successfully and the results are not repeatable. We present a method of standardization of cast net deployment that reveals that most of the variation in area covered is among individual operators rather than within one individual. The 1.8 m cast net collected more species, more biomass, and faster swimming nekton than the throw trap. There was no statistical difference in the total number of animals collected or the total number of species between the gear types. We conclude that the cast net is a useful gear type for sampling nekton communities in estuarine habitats especially when there are differences in the spatial and temporal occurrences and relative abundances of many different organisms in an area with complex and varying habitats.
Received May 9, 2013; accepted November 6, 2013
Age, Growth, and Mortality of Yellowmouth Grouper from the Southeastern United States
Authors: Burton Michael L. , Potts Jennifer C. , Carr Daniel R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Yellowmouth Grouper Mycteroperca interstitialis is a member of the snapper–grouper complex that is managed by the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council. There is little published life history information—specifically age–growth parameters—for use in assessing the resource. We sampled Yellowmouth Grouper from the fisheries along the southeastern U.S. coast from 1980 to 2012 (n = 391), determining ages by counting opaque zones on sectioned sagittal otoliths. Opaque zones were annular, forming in May–August with a peak in May and June. Yellowmouth Grouper age ranged from 3 to 31 years, and the largest fish was 859 mm FL. Body size relationships were as follows: whole weight W (g) = (8.89×10−6)(FL, mm)3.07 (n = 339; r2 = 0.96); W (g) = (1.13×10−5)(TL, mm)3.01 (n = 165; r2 = 0.96); and TL (mm) = 10.09 + [1.05×(FL, mm)] (n = 162; r2 = 0.98). The von Bertalanffy growth equation for Yellowmouth Grouper was Lt (length at age t) = 755[1 − e−0.14(t + 1.42)] when the model included an adjustment for minimum size limits and was Lt = 772[1 − e−0.11(t + 4.18)] when the model was not adjusted. Natural mortality (M) estimated by Hewitt and Hoenig's (2005) longevity based method was 0.14. Age specific estimates of M were obtained with the Charnov et al. (2013) method. The selection of growth model (size limit adjusted versus unadjusted) had a marked effect on M for the earliest ages: M was 1.22 versus 0.43 for age 0; 0.72 versus 0.35 for age 1; 0.51 versus 0.29 for age 2; 0.40 versus 0.26 for age 3; 0.33 versus 0.23 for age 4; and 0.29 versus 0.21 for age 5. We believe that these life history parameter estimates are accurate for Yellowmouth Grouper in southeastern U.S. fisheries.
Received June 6, 2013; accepted November 12, 2013
Simulating Fish Movement Responses to and Potential Salinity Stress from Large Scale River Diversions
Authors: Rose Kenneth A. , Huang Haosheng , Justic Dubravko , Mutsert Kim 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
River diversions are a major but controversial management approach to restoring coastal wetlands and mitigating offshore oil spills in the northern Gulf of Mexico. One of the controversies concerns the potential displacement of and salinity stress on commercially and recreationally important fish species in response to the widespread and prolonged freshening of habitat. We developed a coupled hydrodynamics–fish movement model and applied it to the Caernarvon diversion located in the Breton Sound estuary, Louisiana. Hydrodynamics model output was used as input to the individual based fish movement model. The period of model simulation was from April 1 to July 1, 2010. We simulated three diversion scenarios: baseline, pulse, and oil spill mitigation. We first used field data from Bay Anchovy Anchoa mitchilli and showed that the model predicted downestuary shifts similar to those observed in field studies under large diversions. We then defined generic low and intermediate salinity fish species and simulated each under the three diversion scenarios. Compared with the baseline diversion scenario, more than 50% of the intermediate salinity individuals moved about 15 km farther downestuary under the pulse diversion scenario and moved more than 35 km under the oil spill mitigation diversion scenario. The effects of the diversions on the low salinity species were evidenced by individuals becoming more dispersed (i.e., spreading out downestuary) and more exposed to bursts of too high salinity. Our conclusions agreed with those from earlier field and modeling analyses that focused on average (rather than transitory) fish responses.
Received November 4, 2013; accepted November 7, 2013
Juvenile Steelhead Distribution, Migration, Feeding, and Growth in the Columbia River Estuary, Plume, and Coastal Waters
Authors: Daly Elizabeth A. , Scheurer Julie A. , Brodeur Richard D. , Weitkamp Laurie A. , Beckman Brian R. , Miller Jessica A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Relative to extensive research on the freshwater stages of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss life history, little is known about the species' estuarine and early marine phases despite the decline of numerous populations, including several from the Columbia River. Comparisons of the distribution, diet, and growth of juvenile steelhead collected during surveys of the Columbia River estuary and coastal waters in May, June, and September 1998–2011 were analyzed for comparisons between fish caught in the estuary and ocean and between hatchery (marked) and putative wild (unmarked) fish. Almost all catches of juvenile steelhead in the ocean occurred during the May surveys (96%). Juvenile steelhead were consistently caught at the westernmost stations (&gt;55 km from shore), indicating an offshore distribution. Based on otolith structure and chemistry, we determined that these juveniles had been in marine waters for an average of only 9.8 d (SD = 10.2). Some of the steelhead that had been in marine waters for 1–3 d were captured at the westernmost edge of survey transects, indicating rapid offshore migration. Estuary caught fish ate fewer prey types and consumed far less food than did ocean caught fish, which ate a variety of prey, including juvenile fishes, euphausiids, and crab megalopae. Estuary and ocean caught unmarked fish exhibited higher feeding intensities, fewer empty stomachs, and better condition than hatchery fish. Growth hormone levels (insulin like growth factor 1 [IGF 1]) in unmarked fish and hatchery fish varied annually, with unmarked fish having slightly higher overall values. In general, the FL, condition, stomach fullness, and IGF 1 of ocean caught steelhead increased with distance offshore. Unlike juveniles of other salmonid species, steelhead appeared to quickly migrate westward from coastal rivers and showed patterns of increased feeding and growth in offshore waters. An understanding of the estuarine and ocean ecology of steelhead smolts may assist in the management of threatened steelhead populations.
Received July 18, 2013; accepted November 21, 2013
Improving translation initiation site and stop codon recognition by using more than two classes
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez Javier , Arroyo-Peña Alexis G. , García-Pedrajas Nicolás 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMotivation: The recognition of translation initiation sites and stop codons is a fundamental part of any gene recognition program. Currently, the most successful methods use powerful classifiers, such as support vector machines with various string kernels. These methods all use two classes, one of positive instances and another one of negative instances that are constructed using sequences from the whole genome. However, the features of the negative sequences differ depending on the position of the negative samples in the gene. There are differences depending on whether they are from exons, introns, intergenic regions or any other functional part of the genome. Thus, the positive class is fairly homogeneous, as all its sequences come from the same part of the gene, but the negative class is composed of different instances. The classifier suffers from this problem. In this article, we propose the training of different classifiers with different negative, more homogeneous, classes and the combination of these classifiers for improved accuracy.Results: The proposed method achieves better accuracy than the best state-of-the-art method, both in terms of the geometric mean of the specificity and sensitivity and the area under the receiver operating characteristic and precision recall curves. The method is tested on the whole human genome. The results for recognizing both translation initiation sites and stop codons indicated improvements in the rates of both false-negative results (FN) and false-positive results (FP). On an average, for translation initiation site recognition, the false-negative ratio was reduced by 30.2% and the FP ratio decreased by 10.9%. For stop codon prediction, FP were reduced by 41.4% and FN by 31.7%.Availability and implementation: The source code is licensed under the General Public License and is thus freely available. The datasets and source code can be obtained from http://cib.uco.es/site-recognition .Contact: npedrajas@uco.es