bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chikungunya virus capsid protein contains nuclear import and export signals
Authors: Thomas Saijo , Rai Jagdish , John Lijo , Schaefer Stephan , Pützer Brigitte M , Herchenröder Ottmar 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus of the Togaviridae family. After autoproteolytic cleavage, the CHIKV capsid protein (CP) is involved in RNA binding and assembly of the viral particle. The monomeric CP is approximately 30 kDa in size and is small enough for passive transport through nuclear pores. Some alphaviruses are found to harbor nuclear localization signals (NLS) and transport of these proteins between cellular compartments was shown to be energy dependent. The active nuclear import of cytoplasmic proteins is mediated by karyopherins and their export by exportins. As nuclear and cytoplasmic trafficking may play a role in the life cycle of CHIKV, we have sought to identify nuclear localization and nuclear export signals in CHIKV CP in a virus-free system.

Methods
EGFP-fusion proteins of CHIKV CP and mutants thereof were created and used to monitor their intracellular localization. Binding of cellular proteins was confirmed in pull-down assays with purified CP using co-immuoprecipitation. Nuclear localization was demonstrated in a virus-free system using fluorescence microscopy.

Results
Here we show that CHIKV CP is a nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling protein with an active NLS that binds to karyopherin α (Karα) for its nuclear translocation. We also found that the Karα4 C-terminal NLS binding site is sufficient for this interaction. We further demonstrate that CHIKV CP interacts directly with the export receptor CRM1 to transport this viral protein out of the nucleus via a nuclear export signal (NES). The CHIKV CP NES was mapped between amino acids 143 and 155 of CP. Deduced from in silico analyses we found that the NES has a mode of binding similar to the snurportin-1 CRM1 complex.

Conclusions
We were able to show that in a virus-free system that the CHIKV capsid protein contains both, a NLS and a NES, and that it is actively transported between the cytoplasma and the nucleus. We conclude that CHIKV CP has the ability to shuttle via interaction with karyopherins for its nuclear import and, vice versa, by CRM1-dependent nuclear export.
The expression of V-ATPase is associated with drug resistance and pathology of non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Lu Qiang , Lu Sha , Huang Lijun , Wang Ting , Wan Yi , Zhou Chang Xi , Zhang Cunhai , Zhang Zhipei , Li Xiaofei 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Objective
This article aims to investigate the expression of vacuolar-H + −ATPase (V-ATPase) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its variations with pathological type and grade. Furthermore, to evaluate the chemotherapy drug sensitivity of different cancer tissues as well as its correlation with V-ATPase expression in NSCLC.

Methods
V-ATPase expression was examined in 92 NSCLC tissue samples using the immunohistochemical Envision method and immunofluorescence assay. The location of V-ATPase expression was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and the difference of its expression rate was evaluated. The sensitivity of cancer tissues to chemotherapy drug was examined using MTT assay and its correlation with the V-ATPase expression was tested in NSCLC by Spearman rank correlation analysis.

Results
V-ATPase expression was mainly localized in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. The expression rate of V-ATPase was 71.43% in squamous cell lung cancer, significantly lower than that of the lung adenocarcinoma (83.72%, P = 0.000). In different pathological grades of squamous cell lung cancer, the expression rate of V-ATPase was 58.33% in grade II, significantly lower than that of the grade III (84.00%, P = 0.014). The expression rate of V-ATPase in grade II lung adenocarcinoma was 76.67%, significantly lower than that of the grade ΙΙΙ adenocarcinoma (100.0%, P = 0.012). Correlation analysis showed that the sensitivity of NSCLC tissues to cyclophosphamide, gemcitabine, doxorubicin, paclitaxel and cisplatin was significantly correlated with the V-ATPase expression rate (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
V-ATPase was overexpressed in NSCLC. The expression of V-ATPase was related to the pathological type and grade of cancer and was likely associated with chemotherapy drug resistance in NSCLC.

Virtual slides
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/7515811511020000
Use and knowledge of Cactaceae in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: de Lucena Camilla Marques , de Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva , Costa Gabriela Maciel , Carvalho Thamires Kelly Nunes , Costa Gyslaynne Gomes da Silva , Alves Rômulo Romeu da Nóbrega , Pereira Daniel Duarte , Ribeiro João Everthon da Silva , Alves Carlos Antônio Belarmino , Quirino Zelma Glebya Maciel , Nunes Ernane Nogueira 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to record the use, and knowledge that residents from São Francisco community (Paraiba, Brazil) have regarding the Cactaceae.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 118 informants; 50 men and 68 women. The cacti cited in this study were organised into use categories and use values were calculated. Differences in the values applied to species and use categories by men and women were compared via a G test (Williams).

Results
The nine species identified were: Cereus jamacaru DC., Melocactus bahiensis (Brtitton & Rose) Luetzelb., Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck., Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill, Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw., Pilosocereus gounellei (F.A.C. Weber) Byles & Rowley, Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter, Tacinga inamoena (K. Schum) N.P. Taylor & Stuppy, Tacinga palmadora (Britton & Rose) N.P. Taylor & Stuppy. In total, 1,129 use citations were recorded, divided into 11 categories. The use value categories with the highest scores were forage (0.42), food (0.30) and construction (building) (0.25). P. pachycladus showed the greatest use value, versatility and number of plant parts used.

Conclusion
The survey showed that the Cactaceae is extremely important for several uses and categories attributed to different species. Apart from contributing to the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Cactaceae, another important focus of this study was to reinforce the necessity for further studies that record the traditional knowledge about this plant family, which has been lost in younger generations.
MONA – Interactive manipulation of molecule collections
Authors: Hilbig Matthias , Urbaczek Sascha , Groth Inken , Heuser Stefan , Rarey Matthias 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Working with small‐molecule datasets is a routine task forcheminformaticians and chemists. The analysis and comparison of vendorcatalogues and the compilation of promising candidates as starting pointsfor screening campaigns are but a few very common applications. Theworkflows applied for this purpose usually consist of multiple basiccheminformatics tasks such as checking for duplicates or filtering byphysico‐chemical properties. Pipelining tools allow to create andchange such workflows without much effort, but usually do not supportinterventions once the pipeline has been started. In many contexts, however,the best suited workflow is not known in advance, thus making it necessaryto take the results of the previous steps into consideration beforeproceeding.
To support intuition‐driven processing of compound collections, wedeveloped MONA, an interactive tool that has been designed to prepare andvisualize large small‐molecule datasets. Using an SQL database commoncheminformatics tasks such as analysis and filtering can be performedinteractively with various methods for visual support. Great care was takenin creating a simple, intuitive user interface which can be instantly usedwithout any setup steps. MONA combines the interactivity of moleculedatabase systems with the simplicity of pipelining tools, thus enabling thecase‐to‐case application of chemistry expert knowledge. Thecurrent version is available free of charge for academic use and can bedownloaded at http://www.zbh.uni-hamburg.de/mona.
In vitro growth and carbon utilization of the green-leaved orchid Dendrobium officinale are promoted by mycorrhizal associations
Authors: Wang Qiu-Xia , Yan Ning , Ji Da-Gan , Li Shu-Yun , Hu Hong 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Mycorrhizal associations play a key role in the life cycle and evolutionary history of orchids. All orchids grow from extremely small seeds that are lacking in reserves, and germination and growth into an underground heterotrophic, achlorophyllous stage depend upon symbiotic fungi to provide nutrient. However, the nutritional physiology between this symbiosis and green-leaved orchids is still unclear. To understand further how these associations affect growth and carbon utilization of green orchids, the green orchids were inoculated with two symbiotic fungi isolated from the roots of a wild orchid (Dendrobium officinale) in vitro and 13C stable isotope signature experiments were designed to analyze carbon nutrition acquisition.

Results
After two months, both fungi had formed mycorrhizal associations with the host roots. Moreover, the growth rate was more rapid for the mycorrhizal seedlings than for the non-mycorrhizal seedlings. The mycorrhizal seedlings not only absorbed more 13C from the substrate, but also the S3-mycorrhizal seedlings assimilated more atmospheric 13CO2 due to significantly higher effective quantum yield of photosystem II, compared with the non-mycorrhizal seedlings. These results suggested that the green orchids could receive more C nutrition from the substrate due to symbiotic fungi, and photosynthesis capacity of the green D. officinale could be enhanced by the S3 fungus, therefore carbon nutrition acquisition also increased. As a result, the S1- and S3- mycorrhizal seedlings showed markedly higher biomass and polysaccharides contents than the non-mycorrhizal seedlings.

Conclusions
These results improve our understanding of the mycorrhizal functioning in the green Dendrobium and show some potential application in the cultivation of D. officinale.
Identification of bacteria in enrichment cultures of sulfate reducers in the Cariaco Basin water column employing Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene fragments
Authors: Bozo-Hurtado Lorelei , García-Amado M Alexandra , Chistoserdov Andrei , Varela Ramon , Narvaez J Jesus , Colwell Rita , Suárez Paula 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
The Cariaco Basin is characterized by pronounced and predictable vertical layering of microbial communities dominated by reduced sulfur species at and below the redox transition zone. Marine water samples were collected in May, 2005 and 2006, at the sampling stations A (10°30′ N, 64°40′ W), B (10°40′ N, 64°45′ W) and D (10°43’N, 64°32’W) from different depths, including surface, redox interface, and anoxic zones. In order to enrich for sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), water samples were inoculated into anaerobic media amended with lactate or acetate as carbon source. To analyze the composition of enrichment cultures, we performed DNA extraction, PCR-DGGE, and sequencing of selected bands.

Results
DGGE results indicate that many bacterial genera were present that are associated with the sulfur cycle, including Desulfovibrio spp., as well as heterotrophs belonging to Vibrio, Enterobacter, Shewanella, Fusobacterium, Marinifilum, Mariniliabilia, and Spirochaeta. These bacterial populations are related to sulfur coupling and carbon cycles in an environment of variable redox conditions and oxygen availability.

Conclusions
In our studies, we found an association of SRB-like Desulfovibrio with Vibrio species and other genera that have a previously defined relevant role in sulfur transformation and coupling of carbon and sulfur cycles in an environment where there are variable redox conditions and oxygen availability. This study provides new information about microbial species that were culturable on media for SRB at anaerobic conditions at several locations and water depths in the Cariaco Basin.
Money and transmission of bacteria
Authors: Gedik Habip , Voss Timothy A , Voss Andreas 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Money is one of the most frequently passed items in the world. The aim of this study was to ascertain the survival status of bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Vancomycin- Resistant Enterococci (VRE) on banknotes from different countries and the transmission of bacteria to people who come in contact with the banknotes. The survival rate was highest for the Romanian Leu yielding all three microorganisms used after both three and six hours of drying. Furthermore, the Leu was the only banknote to yield VRE after one day of drying. Other currencies either enabled the survival of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) and VRE (e.g. Euro), but not of MRSA, or the other way round (e.g. US Dollar). While a variety of factors such as community hygiene levels, people’s behaviour, and antimicrobial resistance rates at community level obviously have influence on the transmission of resistant microorganisms, the type of banknote-paper may be an additional variable to consider.
Clinical significance of the uPA system in gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Ding Youcheng , Zhang Hui , Zhong Mingan , Zhou Zhuqing , Zhuang Zhixiang , Yin Hua , Wang Xujing , Zhu Zhenggang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundIt has been demonstrated that urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is involved in tumor cell metastasis by degrading the extracellular matrix. However, there is little direct evidence of clinical uPA system expression in peritoneal metastatic tissues of gastric cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate uPA system expression in peritoneal tissues of peritoneal and nonperitoneal metastasis patients, and to explore the diagnostic value of the uPA system.MethodsExpressions of uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA. uPA activity was detected using a uPA activity kit.ResultsThere was no significant difference in uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 expression in two types of peritoneal tissue in seven patients with peritoneal metastasis. However, uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 expressions in peritoneal metastatic lesions were significantly higher than those in normal peritoneal tissues of 24 nonperitoneal metastasis patients (P<0.05). Moreover, no statistical discrepancy of uPA activity was observed in various different tissues.ConclusionsThe expression of the uPA system positively correlates with peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. This expression difference in peritoneal or nonperitoneal metastasis patients may provide a reference for diagnosis of peritoneal metastasis.
Electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) as a monitoring parameter in difficult weaning from respirator: a pilot study
Authors: Barwing Jürgen , Pedroni Cristina , Olgemöller Ulrike , Quintel Michael , Moerer Onnen 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Introduction
A reliable prediction of successful weaning from respiratory support may be crucial for the overall outcome of the critically ill patient. The electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) allows one to monitor the patients’ respiratory drive and their ability to meet the increased respiratory demand. In this pilot study, we compared the EAdi with conventional parameters of weaning failure, such as the ratio of respiratory rate to tidal volume.

Methods
We studied 18 mechanically ventilated patients considered difficult to wean. For a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), the patients were disconnected from the ventilator and given oxygen through a T-piece. The SBT was evaluated by using standard criteria.

Results
Twelve patients completed the SBT successfully, and six failed. The EAdi was significantly different in the two groups. We found an early increase in EAdi in the failing patients that was more pronounced than in any of the patients who successfully passed the SBT. Changes in EAdi predicted an SBT failure earlier than did conventional parameters.

Conclusions
EAdi monitoring adds valuable information during weaning from the ventilator and may help to identify patients who are not ready for discontinuation of respiratory support.
Formation of Li2S–P2S5 Solid Electrolyte from N-Methylformamide Solution
Authors: Teragawa Shingo , Aso Keigo , Tadanaga Kiyoharu , Hayashi Akitoshi , Tatsumisago Masahiro 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Li2S–P2S5 solid electrolyte (SE) powders were successfully reprecipitated from a liquid phase. Powders of 80Li2S·20P2S5 (mol %) SE originally prepared by mechanical milling were dissolved in N-methylformamide (NMF) and a homogeneous solution was obtained. The NMF solution was dried at 150 °C for 3 h under vacuum to obtain precipitates. The main structural unit in the obtained powder was PS43−. The crystalline phase of the powders was confirmed to be Li3PS4, and ionic conductivity was 2.6 × 10−6 S cm−1.
The artist as project manager: Thomas Hirschhorn’s Bataille Monument (2002)
Authors: Child Danielle 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The nature of neo-liberal management theory, based on the artist as a model worker, has proven problematic for theorizing and analysing contemporary socially engaged artistic practices. In the past, these practices were considered to be hostile to capitalism but now, with the rise of project-driven work within mainstream business models, how can we understand the socially engaged artist’s relationship to capitalism? The project, the network and communication have become key attributes within neo-liberal management discourse. In this article it is argued that a certain type of artistic practice has accompanied neo-liberalism that borrows these specific tropes akin to project management. It makes connections between Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello’s exploration of these ideological tropes in The New Spirit of Capitalism ([1999] 2007) and neo-liberal management ideas manifest in the Creative Industries in Britain. This analysis provides the theoretical base for examining Thomas Hirschhorn’s role as a ‘project manager’ within the Bataille Monument (2002) project in the second half of the article. It is argued here that Hirschhorn retains his anti-capitalist leanings whilst also adopting neo-liberal management tropes in the articulation and execution of his project.
Note on basic features of large time behaviour of heat kernels
Authors: Keller Matthias , Lenz Daniel , Vogt Hendrik , Wojciechowski Radosław 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Large time behaviour of heat semigroups (and, more generally, of positive selfadjoint semigroups) is studied. Convergence of the semigroup to the ground state and of averaged logarithms of kernels to the ground state energy is shown in the general framework of positivity improving selfadjoint semigroups. This framework encompasses all irreducible semigroups coming from Dirichlet forms as well as suitable perturbations thereof. It includes, in particular, Laplacians on connected manifolds, metric graphs and discrete graphs.
Investigations on the Real-Time Monitoring of the Crystallinity of Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon Films
Authors: Ross Christoph , Finger Friedhelm , Carius Reinhard 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA method for monitoring the evolution of the crystallinity during the deposition of thin hydrogenated silicon films by using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry is presented. The crystallinity of the topmost 10-20 nm of a film is derived from the analysis of the shape of ellipsometric spectra in the UV range. The values are closely related to parameters of the deposition process and in good agreement with Raman scattering results. Examples of different kinds of microcrystalline silicon films are shown. Improvements of the time resolution and/or accuracy are discussed. The method turns out to be well suited for process control.
Parents’ Perceptions Regarding Readiness for Their Infant’s Discharge from the NICU
Authors: Burnham Natasha , Feeley Nancy , Sherrard Kathyrn 
Published: August 2013

Purpose: To identify what parents need to feel ready for the discharge of their infant from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Design: Qualitative.Sample: 20 parents of infants admitted to a Canadian Level III NICU were interviewed (2011–2012) and asked to identify what they require to feel ready for discharge. Interview transcripts underwent qualitative content analysis to produce a descriptive summary of parents’ perceptions of their needs.Results: Parents indicated a need for information and hands-on experience to enhance their readiness for discharge. Observations of their infant and of the NICU environment impacted parents’ perceptions of their infant’s readiness for discharge, which influenced perceptions of their own readiness for discharge. Finally, parents require tailoring of information and experiences to meet the unique needs of their family.
A New Foam Model in Pipes for Drilling and Fracturing Applications
Authors: Edrisi A.R.. R. , Kam S.I.. I. 
Published: August 2013

Summary
A series of recent experimental studies revealed that foam flow can be represented by two distinct flow regimes in general—low-quality regime, showing stable plug-flow pattern, and high-quality regime, showing unstable slug-flow pattern. This study, for the first time, presents how to develop a comprehensive foam model that can handle a variety of bubble-size distributions and both stable and unstable flow patterns with a two-flow-regime concept. Building an improved foam model on the basis of such a new concept can potentially help to better design and optimize many foam-associated processes including tight-gas and shale-gas foam fracturing, foam underbalanced drilling, foam liquid unloading, and cuttings transport.
Analyzing the experimental data of surfactant foams and polymer-added foams shows that (i) in the low-quality regime, foam rheology is governed by bubble slippage at the wall with no significant change in its fine foam texture and (ii) in the high-quality regime, foam rheology is governed by the relative size of free-gas segment to fine-textured foam-slug segment. With these governing mechanisms, this improved foam model successfully reproduces foam-flow characteristics as observed in the experiments, including almost-horizontal pressure contours in the low-quality regime and inclined pressure contours in the high-quality regime. Although the model is built with a power-law fluid model, the same procedure can be applied for Bingham-plastic or yield-power-law fluids.
Follow-up study of prevalence and control of ascariasis in swine populations in Serbia
Authors: Ilić Tamara , Becskei Zsolt , Tasić Aleksandar , Dimitrijević Sanda 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe cause of the most significant helminth diseases in swine — Ascaris suum, can also causes infections in humans. The use of swine manure in agriculture renders the eggs of this ascaridida an accessible source of infection, thus posing a significant risk factor for human health. With the objective of proving the prevalence of infection with A. suum nematodes in the territory of Serbia, investigations were carried out in the period between 2007–2011 in the territories of five districts: North Bačka, South Banat, Braničevo, Zlatibor and Nišava. The investigations covered coprological examinations of 1031 feces samples of swine originating from farms owned by individual breeders. The samples were examined using the standard flotation method with a saturated water solution of NaCl. The established prevalence of ascariasis infection amounted to 47.62% (1031/491). The biggest prevalence of infection was determined in the territory of the Braničevo District, 65.78% (301/198), and the smallest in the territory of the Nišava District, 32.24% (183/59). In spite of its prevalence and vast economic importance, there is still insufficient information about the key aspects of the biology and epidemiology of A. suum. Viewed from the aspect of epizootiology, it is very important to know the prevalence of swine infections with Ascaris because of the possible infection of humans by its migrating larvae.