bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health problems in adolescents with delayed sleep phase: results from a large population‐based study in Norway
Authors: Sivertsen Børge , Harvey Allison G. , Pallesen Ståle , Hysing Mari 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe aim of the current study was to compare mental health problems, resilience and family characteristics in adolescents with and without delayed sleep phase (DSP) in a population‐based sample. Data were taken from the youth@hordaland‐survey, a large population‐based study in Hordaland County in Norway conducted in 2012. In all, 9338 adolescents aged 16–19 years (53.5% girls) provided self‐reported data on a wide range of instruments assessing mental health symptoms, including depression, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive behaviours, attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) symptoms, perfectionism, resilience and sleep. Measures of socioeconomic status were also included. Three hundred and six adolescents (prevalence 3.3%) were classified as having DSP [according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders‐2 (ICSD‐2)] criteria. Adolescents with DSP reported higher levels of depression, anxiety and ADHD symptoms. Adolescents with DSP also exhibited significantly lower levels of resilience. The Cohen's d effect sizes ranged from small [obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD): d = 0.15] to moderate (inattention: d = 0.71). In the fully adjusted model, the significant predictors of DSP included inattention [odds ratio (OR): 2.11], lack of personal structure (OR: 2.07), low (OR: 1.85) and high (OR: 1.91) paternal education, parents not living together (OR: 1.81), hyperactivity/inattention (OR: 1.71) and poorer family economy (OR: 1.59). In conclusion, the high symptom load across a range of mental health measures suggests that a broad and thorough clinical approach is warranted when adolescents present with DSP.
Endogenous Cycles and Chaos in a Capitalist Economy: A Circuit of Capital Model
Authors: Jiang Xiao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper introduces a firm‐level simulation model of the circuit of capital with financially extended Harrodian investment behavior. The model demonstrates that capitalist economies with heterogeneous firms can endogenously generate chaotic cycles. Stability and bifurcation analyses show that the (Harrodian) instability of the system is caused by the firm's ‘aggressiveness’ regarding the size of the ‘rent’ between investiments in the financial and the goods markets. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of firms results in a chaotic pattern of capital accumulation. Finally, a set of steady states around which the system fluctuates chaotically is found by solving the balanced growth problem.
Valsartan combined with clopidogrel and/or leflunomide for the treatment of progressive immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: Cheng Genyang , Liu Dongwei , Margetts Peter , Liu Limin , Zhao Zhanzheng , Liu Zhangsuo , Tang Lin , Fang Yudong , Li Haijian , Guo Yuanyuan , Chen Fengmei , Liu Fengxun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe current standard treatment for IgA nephropathy relies on steroid and/or immunosuppressive therapy and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). This study examines the benefits and safety of combining valsartan with clopidogrel and leflunomide as a treatment for progressive IgA nephropathy.MethodsPatients with primary IgA nephropathy, confirmed by renal biopsy, were recruited for this study. Patients were separated into four groups (n = 42 each) after 2 months of run‐in period of valsartan treatment. All patients were treated with valsartan alone (Group 1) or valsartan and either clopidogrel (Group 2) or leflunomide (Group 3) or both clopidogrel and leflunomide (Group 4). Each group was followed up for their next 24 months for 24 h urinary protein excretion, serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to assess the effect of the treatment. Adverse effects were recorded concurrently to evaluate the safety of the treatment.ResultsOf all 168 patients, 107 were males and 61 were females, with an average age of 33.8 ± 8.79 years. Baseline characteristics were comparable among the four groups (P > 0.05) prior to the experimental treatment. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in 24 h urinary protein excretion after 4 months of experimental treatment. At the end of the 24 months, groups 3 and 4 showed a respective 62.35% and 69.47% reduction in proteinuria. The serum creatinine was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group 1 and 2 at the end of the follow‐up, and their respective eGFR was significantly lower. The incidence of cardiovascular complication was 11.9% and 9.5% for group 1 and 3, respectively.ConclusionsThe treatment with Valsartan combined with Clopidogrel and Leflunomide can reduce the urinary proteins loss and renal function deterioration for IgA nephropathy patients and cause minimal adverse reactions. Our study suggests a new clinical treatment option for IgA nephropathy.
Watermelon origin solved with molecular phylogenetics including Linnaean material: another example of museomics
Authors: Chomicki Guillaume , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Type specimens are permanently preserved biological specimens that fix the usage of species names. This method became widespread from 1935 onwards and is now obligatory.

We used DNA sequencing of types and more recent collections of wild and cultivated melons to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the genus Citrullus and the correct names for its species.

We discovered that the type specimen of the name Citrullus lanatus, prepared by a Linnaean collector in South Africa in 1773, is not the species now thought of as watermelon. Instead, it is a representative of another species that is sister to C. ecirrhosus, a tendril‐less South African endemic. The closest relative of the watermelon instead is a West African species. Our nuclear and plastid data furthermore reveal that there are seven species of Citrullus, not four as assumed.

Our study implies that sweet watermelon originates from West, not southern Africa as previously believed, and that the South African citron melon has been independently domesticated. These findings affect and explain numerous studies on the origin of these two crops that led to contradictory results because of the erroneous merging of several distinct species.
MODELING OF A LANDLORD—TENANT AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT
Authors: HRITONENKO NATALI , YATSENKO YURI , GOETZ RENAN‐ULRICH , XABADIA ANGELS 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA hierarchical economic–environmental model is formulated to analyze the sustainable management of farming production in a landlord–tenant system. The problem under study is interdisciplinary and combines various agricultural, economic, social, and environmental factors. To maximize profit, the landlord chooses a rental payment and the duration of a lease contract. Tenants invest into farmyard fertilizer in order to improve future crop growth and maximize their profit. It is shown that the qualitative behavior of optimal trajectories in the landlord–tenant problem is mostly affected by environmental conditions rather than by the end‐of‐horizon and delay effects. A range of model parameters is identified, where the optimal trajectory coincides with the first‐best environmentally and socially efficient solution.
Endoscopic Transcervical Catheterization in the Domestic Cat
Authors: Zambelli D , Bini C , Cunto M 
Published: October 2014

ContentsFeline‐assisted reproduction is still not routinely performed in veterinary practice, although there is an increasing interest on the subject by cat breeders. In recent years, many techniques for artificial insemination in the domestic cat have been developed with regard to the intrauterine deposition of sperm through the catheterization of the cervix. Transcervical catheterization has been described also for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This article provides the first description of a new method for cervical catheterization, under the direct visualization of the cervix, using a rigid endoscope and a new specially designed transcervical catheter. The procedure was performed on 14 queens with a success rate of 85.71%.
Beyond “Inherit It or Marry It”: Exploring How Women Engaged in Sustainable Agriculture Access Farmland
Authors: Pilgeram Ryanne , Amos Bryan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDespite an overall decrease in new farm operations, the number of women farm operators grew 30 percent between 2002 and 2007, with 300 percent growth since 1978. This research suggests, however, that opportunities for women have unfolded unevenly. We argue that women's opportunities to farm are affected by their social location and life course, suggesting that as their lives unfold across specific cultural and economic moments, different cohorts of women experience divergent opportunities to farm. Using in‐depth interviews with women engaged in sustainable farming in the Inland Northwest, this article examines how women access farmland. Our findings suggest three methods for access: (1) access through the traditional means of marrying a male farmer and then carving out space for one's self as a farmer; (2) access later in life after a life‐altering event like divorce and using personal financial means, such as retirement income or selling appreciated property; (3) access at a young age through the pooling of marital resources with a husband who works off the farm. Our research suggests that women's land access should not be presumed a progressive narrative and suggests the need for a more complex understanding of the challenges that women in agriculture face today despite their increased presence in farming.
Lipocalin‐2 Promotes M1 Macrophages Polarization in a Mouse Cardiac Ischaemia–Reperfusion Injury Model
Authors: Cheng L. , Xing H. , Mao X. , Li L. , Li X. , Li Q. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIschaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is a major issue in cardiac transplantation. Inflammatory processes play a major role in myocardial IR injury. Lipocalin‐2 (Lcn2), which is also known as neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin, has multiple functions that include the regulation of cell death/survival, cell migration/invasion, cell differentiation and iron delivery. In our study, the hearts of C57BL/6 mice were flushed with and stored in cold Bretschneider solution for 8 h and then transplanted into a syngeneic recipient. We found that Lcn2 neutralization decreased the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. Troponin T (TnT) production, 24 h after myocardial IR injury, was reduced through anti‐Lcn2 antibody administration. The cardiac output at 60 mmHg of afterload pressure was significantly increased in hearts administrated with anti‐Lcn2 antibody administration (anti‐Lcn‐2: 58.9 ± 5.62 ml/min; control: 25.8 ± 4.1 ml/min; P < 0.05). Anti‐Lcn2 antibody treatment suppressed M1 marker (IL‐12, IL‐23 and iNOS) expression but increased M2 marker (IL‐10, Arg1 and Mrc1) expression. Furthermore, in our vitro and vivo experiments, we found that anti‐Lcn2 antibody treatment failed to induce M1‐related gene expression in response to LPS and that Lcn2 neutralization enhanced the expression of M2‐related genes following IL‐4 treatment. In conclusion, Lcn2 promotes M1 polarization, and Lcn2 neutralization attenuates cardiac IR injury.
Migration Background and Voting Behavior in Switzerland: A Socio‐Psychological Explanation
Authors: Strijbis Oliver 
Published: October 2014

AbstractResearch on electoral choices of citizens with migration background has remained largely descriptive. What is missing is a systematic test of theories that can explain individuals with migration background's voting behavior. This article provides such a test on the basis of a post‐electoral survey from the 2011 Swiss general election. It is the first study on the electoral behavior of the first and second generation in Switzerland. And it shows that specific migration background impacts considerably on vote choice. In particular, individuals with migration background belonging to outgroups have a higher propensity to vote for the Left than natives. This relationship is partly explained by the party identifications adopted by the citizens with migration background belonging to outgroups.
Combined correlation‐based network and mQTL analyses efficiently identified loci for branched‐chain amino acid, serine to threonine, and proline metabolism in tomato seeds
Authors: Toubiana David , Batushansky Albert , Tzfadia Oren , Scossa Federico , Khan Asif , Barak Simon , Zamir Daniel , Fernie Alisdair Robert , Nikoloski Zoran , Fait Aaron 
Published: October 2014

SummaryCorrelation‐based network analysis (CNA) of the metabolic profiles of seeds of a tomato introgression line mapping population revealed a clique of proteinogenic amino acids: Gly, Ile, Pro, Ser, Thr, and Val. Correlations between profiles of these amino acids exhibited a statistically significant average correlation coefficient of 0.84 as compared with an average correlation coefficient of 0.39 over the 16 119 other metabolite cliques containing six metabolites. In silico removal of cliques was used to quantify their importance in determining seminal network properties, highlighting the strong effects of the amino acid clique. Quantitative trait locus analysis revealed co‐localization for the six amino acids on chromosome 2, 4 and 10. Sequence analysis identified a unique set of 10 genes on chromosome 2 only, which were associated with amino acid metabolism and specifically the metabolism of Ser‐Gly and their conversion into branched‐chain amino acids. Metabolite profiling of a set of sublines, with introgressions on chromosome 2, identified a significant change in the abundance of the six amino acids in comparison with M82. Expression analysis of candidate genes affecting Ser metabolism matched the observation from the metabolite data, suggesting a coordinated behavior of the level of these amino acids at the genetic level. Analysis of transcription factor binding sites in the promoter regions of the identified genes suggested combinatorial response to light and the circadian clock.
Simultaneous dermal matrix and autologous split‐thickness skin graft transplantation in a porcine wound model: A three‐dimensional histological analysis of revascularization
Authors: Wiedner Maria , Tinhofer Ines E. , Kamolz Lars‐Peter , Seyedian Moghaddam Atieh , Justich Ivo , Liegl‐Atzwanger Bernadette , Bubalo Vladimir , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Lumenta David B. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDespite the popularity of a simultaneous application of dermal matrices and split‐thickness skin grafts, scarce evidence exists about the process of revascularization involved. In this study, we aimed at analyzing the progression of revascularization by high‐resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM) in a porcine excisional wound model. Following the surgical procedure creating 5 × 5 cm2 full‐thickness defects on the back, one area was covered with an autologous split‐thickness skin graft alone (control group), the other with a collagen–elastin dermal matrix plus split‐thickness skin graft (dermal matrix group). Two skin biopsies per each group and location were performed on day 5, 10, 15, and 28 postoperatively and separately processed for H&E as well as HREM. The dermal layer was thicker in the dermal matrix group vs. control on day 5 and 28. No differences were found for revascularization by conventional histology. In HREM, the dermal matrix did not appear to decelerate the revascularization process. The presence of the dermal matrix could be distinguished until day 15. By day 28, the structure of the dermal matrix could no longer be delineated and was replaced by autologous tissue. As assessed by conventional histology and confirmed by HREM, the revascularization process was comparable in both groups, notably with regard to the vertical ingrowth of sprouting vessels. The presented technique of HREM is a valuable addition for analyzing small vessel sprouting in dermal matrices in the future.
Roles and post‐translational regulation of cardiac class IIa histone deacetylase isoforms
Authors: Weeks Kate L. , Avkiran Metin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCardiomyocyte hypertrophy is an integral component of pathological cardiac remodelling in response to mechanical and chemical stresses in settings such as chronic hypertension or myocardial infarction. For hypertrophy to ensue, the pertinent mechanical and chemical signals need to be transmitted from membrane sensors (such as receptors for neurohormonal mediators) to the cardiomyocyte nucleus, leading to altered transcription of the genes that regulate cell growth. In recent years, nuclear histone deacetylases (HDACs) have attracted considerable attention as signal‐responsive, distal regulators of the transcriptional reprogramming that in turn precipitates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, with particular focus on the role of members of the class IIa family, such as HDAC4 and HDAC5. These histone deacetylase isoforms appear to repress cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through mechanisms that involve protein interactions in the cardiomyocyte nucleus, particularly with pro‐hypertrophic transcription factors, rather than via histone deacetylation. In contrast, evidence indicates that class I HDACs promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through mechanisms that are dependent on their enzymatic activity and thus sensitive to pharmacological HDAC inhibitors. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the roles of post‐translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, oxidation and proteolytic cleavage in regulating class IIa HDAC localisation and function, more work is required to explore the contributions of other PTMs, such as ubiquitination and sumoylation, as well as potential cross‐regulatory interactions between distinct PTMs and between class IIa and class I HDAC isoforms.
Human cerebrospinal fluid increases the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the in vitro brain slice
Authors: Bjorefeldt Andreas , Andreasson Ulf , Daborg Jonny , Riebe Ilse , Wasling Pontus , Zetterberg Henrik , Hanse Eric 
Published: October 2014

Key points
The cerebrospinal fluid contains numerous neuromodulators at ambient levels but whether, and how, they affect the activity of central neurons is unknown.
This study provides experimental evidence that human cerebrospinal fluid (hCSF) increases the excitability of hippocampal and neocortical pyramidal neurons.
Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in hCSF displayed lowered firing thresholds, depolarized resting membrane potentials and reduced input resistance, mimicking properties of pyramidal neurons recorded in vivo.
The excitability‐increasing effect of hCSF on CA1 pyramidal neurons was entirely occluded by intracellular application of GTPγS, suggesting that neuromodulatory effects were mediated by G‐protein coupled receptors.
These results indicate that the CSF promotes spontaneous excitatory neuronal activity, and may help to explain observed differences in the activity of pyramidal neurons recorded in vivo and in vitro.
AbstractThe composition of brain extracellular fluid is shaped by a continuous exchange of substances between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid. The CSF is known to contain a wide range of endogenous neuromodulatory substances, but their collective influence on neuronal activity has been poorly investigated. We show here that replacing artificial CSF (aCSF), routinely used for perfusion of brain slices in vitro, with human CSF (hCSF) powerfully boosts spontaneous firing of CA1, CA3 and layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the rat brain slice. CA1 pyramidal neurons in hCSF display lowered firing thresholds, more depolarized resting membrane potentials and reduced input resistance, mimicking properties of pyramidal neurons recorded in vivo. The increased excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons was completely occluded by intracellular application of GTPγS, suggesting that endogenous neuromodulators in hCSF act on G‐protein coupled receptors to enhance excitability. We found no increase in spontaneous inhibitory synaptic transmission by hCSF, indicating a differential effect on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Our findings highlight a previously unknown function of the CSF in promoting spontaneous excitatory activity, and may help to explain differences observed in the activity of pyramidal neurons recorded in vivo and in vitro.
Learning through narrative writing: Medical students talk to patients in a hospice
Authors: McKinlay E , Donnelly S 
Published: October 2014

Aim: This study examined how medical students use narrative writing as a pedagogical tool to process the experience of talking with patients at end-of-life and express what they have learnt. Background: There are a variety of ways that medical students are nd:taught about communicating with patients at end-of-life, including talking directly with patients.Method: Eighty-nine students opted to have their narrative essays retained for research after the academic year was completed. Thirty essays were chosen as representative for the dataset. Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory methodology was adopted, with theoretical sensitivity used to test categories and theoretical concepts of emerging theory. Results: Narrative writing articulates a learning moment co-created by the medical student, teacher and dying patient. A theory of “learning through narrative” is put forward, with the categories of tension, challenge and growth being identifiable in the students’ essays. Conclusion: In this context, narrative writing, as a pedagogical tool, assists students to understand both the patient and themselves. For most students, this is a challenging experience. They integrate past experience and articulate transformational learning to teachers who in turn are able to monitor the safety of learning. Narrative writing enables students to resolve initial tension, gain insights, describe new skills as well as grow personally and professionally.