bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learnings from Successful Permian High Pressure Gas Lift Installations
Authors: McNeilly K. , Smith A. , Harms L. K. , Nelle Will , Schwin S. , Reynolds R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Making high rates reliably with low costs from unconventional wells remains challenging. In 2017, SPE 187443 asked whether there was an opportunity to do this with high pressure gas lift (HPGL). In 2019, HPGL showed rates comparable to ESP's (SPE 195180). This paper presents results/learnings from HPGL installations in production, costs vs. ESP, modelling, kickoff and operating pressure, tubular/BHA/facilities design, installing tubing day one, slugging mitigation and electric vs. gas units.
Despite an estimated 3000 HPGL installations in the last 7 years, no results on field performance have been documented except those previously reported for a single well in 2019. Extensive design, modelling, and field data from 5 wells are analyzed and shared along with related economics. Additionally, general observations are provided from operations at hundreds of HPGL installations on many important aspects of HPGL design, implementation and continuing operations to help other operators to apply this useful artificial lift method more efficiently and effectively in the future.
The results show that HPGL wells can be produced at high rates comparable to ESP's (dependent on well and reservoir conditions) with less complexity, failures and downtime. Also, economics for HPGL are attractive compared to ESP's. Further significant results and conclusions are that well tubulars are readily modelled to predict/optimize rates, facilities can easily be designed to allow maximum flow rates/ mitigate slugging, HPGL wells are simple to optimize using changes in injection rates while monitoring surface pressures and electric units are found to have substantial benefits when good line power is available.
Field results and learnings from multiple HPGL well operations as well as detailed economic data have not been shared to date. The information presented here will extend the industry's knowledge and ability to evaluate and apply this effective artificial lift technique as well as compare its economics to ESP's.
Overcoming Power Outages and Disturbances in Power Lines in ESP Operations
Authors: Guayama D. A. , Sauer G. , Tejerina M. , Burgos S. , Perez H. O. , Orozco M. C. , Oyarzún R. A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Project was developed in a field with more than 1350 wells with 5 ½" casings and depths between 1600 and 2800 m. The goal is to optimize equipment behavior after power outages and power line disturbances. The need to optimize arises due to failures of different types, ending in stopped equipment with a low percentage of automatic restarts (14%), generating loss of time, deferred production and movement of equipment and personnel.
The study analyzed the behavior of electrical interruptions and power disturbances that occurred in medium voltage lines during the second half of 2021 and in the first months of 2022. Different protection configurations were tested for both variable speed drives and switchboards, so that the number of devices that could start automatically could be maximized, while ensuring the integrity of the electric submersible equipment (ESP).
A first group of settings was evaluated in the first quarter of 2022, showing a significant improvement in relation to previous behaviors. A second setup campaign was carried out, reaching a satisfactory level of response. Approximately 1350 wells were modified at the surface and remotely using the SCADA system. Lost time was reduced by mitigating overload failures, while the ESP system was kept within a safe insulation condition. These improvements came about by eliminating premature failures, reducing rig usage to perform extractions, and optimizing the submersible system to handle power disturbance conditions. As a result of this work, the equipment that cannot start automatically have changed from almost 90% to a value around 20%.
This article shows how to approach the main problem through the analysis of the data obtained from the field and proposes a solution that can be extrapolated to other fields, regardless of the characteristics of the installed equipment. Having a reduction of interventions is translated as less carbon emissions (less rig interventions, less rounds of specialized personnel to the wells, etc).
Operational History and Future Application of the Subsea ESP Skid Technology in Espadarte Field
Authors: Paternost G. M. , Costa B. M. P. , Oliveira P. S. , Silva J. A. G. , Nascimento A. G. , Vergara L. , Watson A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The concept of a marginal field refers to a small oil accumulation that is often a challenge to render technically and economically viable. In deepwater production scenarios, these fields are located remotely offshore, and they usually require some form of processing or boosting before they can be productive commercially.
Espadarte is a marginal field that presents one of the longest deepwater tiebacks in offshore Brazil (about 18 km). A single well has been producing for more than 2 years using a skid-mounted electric submersible pump (ESP), and in 2024, two wells will be connected in series in conjunction with an improved skid-mounted ESP model that will contain thermal insulation and fluid recirculation. The objective of this paper is to present recent achievements of this ESP application, describing the operational results of the well under production and what to expect from the next installation.
Automatic Iteration on Viscous Damping for Optimal SRP Well Control
Authors: Pons V. , Gomes J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A new methodology for automatic iteration on viscous damping enhanced with state-of-the-art pump fillage, fluid load lines and valve openings and closing calculation is presented. Field results showing the impact of the methodology in diagnosing downhole conditions, improving inferred production, fluid level, pump intake and horsepower calculations are shown.
The new approach uses a wave equation model with iteration on viscous damping paired with a traveling valve and standing valve calculation. Pump fillage and fluid load lines are calculated, which enables calculation of mechanical friction. The iteration uses a bisection method-like algorithm, which speeds up the convergence and removes the algorithm’s dependence on horsepower convergence criteria and other fluid and well variables.
In sucker rod pumped wells, efficiency and control of the entire system is ruled by elasticity, viscous friction and mechanical friction. Elasticity comes from the elastic behavior of the rod string and the propagation of stress waves due to the cyclic pumping operation traveling up and down the rod string at the speed of sound. Mechanical friction results from the rod string, couplings or pump coming in contact with the tubing. Viscous friction originated from produced fluid imparting a viscous force on the outer diameter of the rod string during operation. Those three factors are the basis for the calculation of downhole data from surface data to enable optimization and better control of sucker rod pump applications. Neglecting viscous friction leads to erroneous downhole data.
Very often, downhole cards have an over loop appearance which is physically impossible when considering pumping unit dynamics. This is due to the viscous force not being adjusted properly. Also, what can be mistaken from mechanical friction can be in fact completely removed from downhole data using appropriate viscous adjustment. Finally, operators traditionally overestimate their inferred production from the extra fictive load that is present on a poorly viscous friction adjusted card. The field data results presented in this paper show this new approach eradicates all these issues to deliver accurate and truthful downhole data.
The new approach iterates on the optimal damping factor for both the upstroke and downstroke for every stroke. Currently, most controllers utilize a manually adjusted damping factor, which leads to the damping factor not being adjusted for every stroke. Repercussions of this include overestimation of inferred production, overlooping phenomenon and appearance of excessive mechanical friction.
Unlocking urban blue-green infrastructure: an interdisciplinary literature review analysing co-benefits and synergies between bio-physical and socio-cultural outcomes
Authors: McNabb Tyler , Charters Frances J. , Challies Edward , Dionisio Rita 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Conventional methods of urbanization and risk management have exposed communities to multiple climatic, ecological, and social vulnerabilities. Urban blue-green infrastructure (BGI) refers to a range of nature-based approaches to mitigating the impacts of hazards and enhancing the connections between natural and social capitals, with a particular focus on the presence and management of water elements. However, the bio-physical benefits of BGI are often prioritized over a wider range of potential social-ecological co-benefits. This article draws on a narrative literature review to present the bio-physical and socio-cultural co-benefits of urban BGI, and to examine the relationships, synergies, and trade-offs between these. This review identifies a wide range of socio-cultural and bio-physical benefits of blue-green stormwater infrastructure, including improved mental and physical wellbeing, enhanced cultural connections and values, strengthened social cohesion and sense of place, amelioration of urban heat island effects, reduction of flood risks, improved water quality, and enhanced biodiversity. A number of environmental and socio-cultural trade-offs were identified between these co-benefits, however, including the presence of negatively viewed insects and plant-produced allergens. Aimed at expanding knowledge on the effective implementation of urban BGI to achieve such outcomes, this review highlights wider co-benefits and relationships between them.
Physicochemical and Microstructural Properties of Yoghurt Fortified with Anthocyanin Black Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa L. var. glutinosa) Extract
Authors: Pambudi Ridho , Nurdin Muhammad Alfan , Lailasari Umi , Shodiq Berliana Arifa Noer , Prasetiyo Dimas Teguh 
Published: August 2024

Anthocyanin has great potential as a natural additive to improve the quality of yoghurt drink and give more benefits for health. This research aimed to analyze the effect of adding anthocyanin black glutinous rice extract on the physicochemical and microstructural quality of yoghurt drink. The research material is skim milk, yoghurt starter, and anthocyanin extract of black glutinous rice. The method used in this study was a laboratory experiment with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. The treatment given was the addition of anthocyanin extract from black glutinous rice with concentrations of 0% (P0), 10% (P1), 20% (P2), and 30% (P3). The variables observed were the total acid, pH, syneresis, viscosity, water holding capacity, particle size, and distribution. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and if there was a difference, the analysis was continued using Tukey's Test. The results showed that the addition of the anthocyanin extract of black glutinous rice had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the total acid, viscosity, water holding capacity, particle size, and particle distribution and no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the pH and syneresis. The addition of anthocyanin extract black glutinous rice increases total acid, viscosity water holding capacity and reduces pH, syneresis, particle size, and distribution. This study concludes that the addition of anthocyanin extract of black glutinous rice until 30% has a good effect on improving the physicochemical and microstructural quality of yoghurt drink.
RELATIONSHIP OF NUTRITION KNOWLEDGE AND MACRONUTRIENT INTAKE WITH NUTRITION STATUS ATHLETES
Authors: Simbolon Demsa , Oktavia Riska , Krisnasary Arie 
Published: August 2024

An athlete needs to pay attention to the amounts of nutrients that give the body energy. If an athlete doesn't know much about proper nutrition, it can make them less aware of how important it is to eat healthy food. Indonesian athletes who aren't performing well are doing so because they aren't getting enough healthy nutrition. This is because their teachers don't know how nutrition can help athletes perform better. The study aimed at investigating the relationship between nutritional knowledge and macronutrient intake with the nutritional status of athletes. Analytic descriptive research with a cross sectional approach. There were 94 athletes as the population, and a sample of 63 athletes in the dormitory involved, through simple random sampling method. The instruments used were the respondent's identity, nutritional knowledge questionnaire, 3x24 hour food recall, height measurement using microtoice and weight using digital scales, then the analysis of the data was conducted with 3 stages, namely univariate, bivariate analysis with chi square test and multivariate analysis with linear regression test. The results identified a relationship between nutritional knowledge (p=0.012) and macronutrient intake, namely energy intake (p=0.029), protein intake (p=0.001) with the nutritional status of athletes. Nevertheless, the study findings revealed no significant relation between fat consumption (p=0.781) and carbohydrate intake (p=0.927) and the nutritional condition of athletes. The most influential factor on nutritional status is energy intake. The greater the amount of energy intake, the greater the tendency to have more nutritional status. Therefore, it is crucial to implement the nutrition education to athletes in relation with nutritional intake and feeding based on balanced nutrition menu guidelines according to the needs of athletes.
THE EFFECT OF DRINKING CATTLE FLOWER TEA ON WEIGHT REDUCTION AND CHOLESTEROL
Authors: Purnomo Eddy 
Published: August 2024

Obesity and cholesterol are one of the problems that are very feared. People have tried various alternative treatments made from plant/herbal ingredients, one of which is butterfly pea flower tea (Clitoria ternatea). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the frequency of drinking butterfly pea flower tea (Clitoria ternatea) on weight loss (BMI) and cholesterol. Experimental research design with pre and post-test design methods. Grouping groups using matching pairs. Data is collected by measuring height, weight (BMI), and blood tests in the form of cholesterol tests. The research population was all members of the Indonesian National Army, Military District Command of KODIM Yogyakarta City whose BMI was 25. The data analysis technique used the t test and multivariate test, with a significance level of 5%. The results of the analysis show that: 1) there is an influence of the frequency of drinking 2 times of butterfly pea flower tea on reducing Body Mass Index (BMI) with a p value 0.000 and, cholesterol with a p value 0.002, 2) There is an influence of the frequency of drinking 3 times of butterfly pea flower tea on reducing Body Mass Index (BMI) with a p value 0.000 and cholesterol with a p value 0.001, 3 ) There is an effect of the frequency of drinking 5 times of butterfly pea flower tea on reducing Body Mass Index (BMI) with a p-value 0.001 and cholesterol with a p value 0.000, 4) There is a difference in the effect of the frequency of drinking 2 times, 3 times and 5 times of butterfly pea flower tea on reducing Body Mass Index (BMI) with a p value 0.0004 and cholesterol with a p value 0.001.
KUANTIFIKASI MUSCLE ACTIVATION LOWER EXTREMITIES SAAT GERAKAN SHOOTING PADA ATLET PETANQUE
Authors: Ihsani Sri Indah , Yuliana Ela , Yuliasih Yuliasih , Oktafiranda Nadya Dwi , Diyananda Dzulfiqar 
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguantifikasi aktivitas otot pada tubuh bagian bawah khususnya otot Hamstring dan Quadriceps saat gerakan shooting pada atlet petanque. Aktivitas otot untuk menunjukkan keseimbangan otot yang berperan dalam suatu gerakan agar tidak meningkatkan faktor risiko cedera pada atlet. Instrumen pengukuran ini menggunakan elektromiografi (EMG) dengan peletakkan 4 elektroda di otot hamstring dan quadriceps, baik kaki kanan maupun kaki kiri. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu atlet petanque laki-laki berjumlah 12 orang dengan rata-rata usia 22 tahun dan IMT 22,81 kg/m2. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai aktivasi otot saat shooting pada quadriceps yaitu 93,48 µV dan hamstring kanan yaitu 87,29 µV, serta tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Nilai aktivitas otot pada quadriceps dan hamstring kiri yaitu 95,47 µV dan 73,34 µV, serta tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Selain itu, perbandingan nilai quadriceps kanan terhadap quadricep kiri serta hamstring kanan terhadap hamstring kiri tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p0,05).
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INDONESIAN AND SOUTH KOREAN ATHLETES IN THE ASIAN GAMES
Authors: Pulungan Khoirul Anwar , Suardika I Kedek , Haryani Meri , Mile Rifky , Kadir Sulasikin Sahdi , Prastyawan Rifky Riyandi 
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine: (1) the characteristics of the psychological skills of Indonesian athletes, (2) the characteristics of the psychological skills of South Korean athletes. The type of research used in this research is quantitative descriptive research, using a survey method with a retrospective causal-comparative research design. The population in this study were Indonesian athletes taking part in the 19th Asian Games in 2023 in China, totaling 100 athletes, consisting of 50 Indonesian athletes and 50 South Korean athletes, with an average age of male athletes of 25 years and an average age of female athletes of 20 years. The instrument used in this research is The Psychological Skills Inventory for Sport (PSIS). The data analysis technique uses parametric inferential statistics, with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the research show that: the psychological skill characteristics of South Korean athletes are better with a high average score which has a standard deviation of 19.42, while the psychological skill characteristics of Indonesian athletes are achieved with a medium average score which has a standard deviation of 13.25. The psychological characteristics of South Korean athletes are better than the psychological characteristics of Indonesian athletes. To make it better, it is hoped that further research will be carried out on the psychological characteristics of each sport.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) karakteristik keterampilan psikologis atlet Indonesia, (2) karakteristik keterampilan psikologis atlet Korea Selatan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif, menggunakan metode survei dengan desain penelitian a retrospective causal-comparative. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet Indonesia yang mengikuti gelaran Asian Games ke-19 tahun 2023 di Cina yang berjumlah 100 atlet, terdiri dari 50 atlet Indonesia dan 50 atlet Korea Selatan, dengan rerata usia atlet putra 25 tahun dan rerata usia atlet putri 20 tahun. Intrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah The Psychological Skills Inventory for Sport (PSIS). Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik inferensial parametrik, dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: karakteristik keterampilan psikologis atlet korea Selatan lebih baik dengan capaian nilai rata-rata tinggi yang memiliki standar deviasi 19,42 sedangkan untuk karakteristik keterampilan psikologis atlet Indonesia berada pada capaian nilai rata-rata sedang yang memiliki standar deviasi 13,25. karakteristik psikologi atlet korea selatan lebih baik dari pada karakteristik psikologi atlet indonesia. agar lebih baik, diharapkan selanjutnya untuk meneliti lanjutan terhadap karakteristik psikologi pada setiap cabang olahraga.
The Dual Task Ball Balancing Test and Its Association With Cognitive Function: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Greene Barry , Tobyne Sean , Jannati Ali , McManus Killian , Gomes Osman Joyce , Banks Russell , Kher Ranjit , Showalter John , Bates David , Pascual-Leone Alvaro 
Published: August 2024

Background
Dual task paradigms are thought to offer a quantitative means to assess cognitive reserve and the brain’s capacity to allocate resources in the face of competing cognitive demands. The most common dual task paradigms examine the interplay between gait or balance control and cognitive function. However, gait and balance tasks can be physically challenging for older adults and may pose a risk of falls.

Objective
We introduce a novel, digital dual-task assessment that combines a motor-control task (the “ball balancing” test), which challenges an individual to maintain a virtual ball within a designated zone, with a concurrent cognitive task (the backward digit span task [BDST]).

Methods
The task was administered on a touchscreen tablet, performance was measured using the inertial sensors embedded in the tablet, conducted under both single- and dual-task conditions. The clinical use of the task was evaluated on a sample of 375 older adult participants (n=210 female; aged 73.0, SD 6.5 years).

Results
All older adults, including those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease–related dementia (ADRD), and those with poor balance and gait problems due to diabetes, osteoarthritis, peripheral neuropathy, and other causes, were able to complete the task comfortably and safely while seated. As expected, task performance significantly decreased under dual task conditions compared to single task conditions. We show that performance was significantly associated with cognitive impairment; significant differences were found among healthy participants, those with MCI, and those with ADRD. Task results were significantly associated with functional impairment, independent of diagnosis, degree of cognitive impairment (as indicated by the Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE] score), and age. Finally, we found that cognitive status could be classified with >70% accuracy using a range of classifier models trained on 3 different cognitive function outcome variables (consensus clinical judgment, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT], and MMSE).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the dual task ball balancing test could be used as a digital cognitive assessment of cognitive reserve. The portability, simplicity, and intuitiveness of the task suggest that it may be suitable for unsupervised home assessment of cognitive function.