bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationships Among Perceived Patients' Safety Culture, Intention to Report Errors, and Leader Coaching Behavior of Nurses in Korea: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ko YuKyung , Yu Soyoung 
Published: June 2015

Objectives
This study was undertaken to explore the correlations among nurses' perceptions of patient safety culture, their intention to report errors, and leader coaching behaviors.

Methods
The participants (N = 289) were nurses from 5 Korean hospitals with approximately 300 to 500 beds each. Sociodemographic variables, patient safety culture, intention to report errors, and coaching behavior were measured using self-report instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, the t test, and the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results
Nurses' perceptions of patient safety culture and their intention to report errors showed significant differences between groups of nurses who rated their leaders as high-performing or low-performing coaches. Perceived coaching behavior showed a significant, positive correlation with patient safety culture and intention to report errors, i.e., as nurses' perceptions of coaching behaviors increased, so did their ratings of patient safety culture and error reporting.

Conclusions
There is a need in health care settings for coaching by nurse managers to provide quality nursing care and thus improve patient safety. Programs that are systematically developed and implemented to enhance the coaching behaviors of nurse managers are crucial to the improvement of patient safety and nursing care. Moreover, a systematic analysis of the causes of malpractice, as opposed to a focus on the punitive consequences of errors, could increase error reporting and therefore promote a culture in which a higher level of patient safety can thrive.
Measuring innovation: the use of indicators in developed countries
Authors: Al-Mubaraki Hanadi Mubarak , Muhammad Ali Husain , Busler Michael 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to describe and identify the ranking of innovation program landscape in the UK. The identification will focus on the average of four categories: policy, culture, economy, and industry.Design/methodology/approach– The nature of this research is mainly qualitative. This investigation uses two semi-structured interview based in the UK, combined with an examination of organizational documents.Findings– The research findings indicated highest ranking of the Petchey Center of Entrepreneurship located in University of East London present culture 60 percent, policy 75 percent, industry 80 percent, and economy 100 percent.Originality/value– The authors conclude with several recommendations for academia and practitioners such as governments, policy makers, funded organizations, and strategic institutions.
Post‐metamorphic carry‐over effects of larval digestive plasticity
Authors: Bouchard Sarah S. , O'Leary Chelsea J. , Wargelin Lindsay J. , Charbonnier Julie F. , Warkentin Karen M. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

For animals with complex life cycles, conditions in the larval environment can have important effects that persist after metamorphosis. These carry‐over effects may influence juvenile growth plasticity and have important fitness consequences.

Small juvenile red‐eyed treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas, grow faster than larger ones. We examined to what extent this growth pattern is due to carry‐over effects of intraspecific larval competition. In particular, we assessed larval gut plasticity and determined whether carry‐over effects could persist given the extensive gut remodelling that occurs when herbivorous larvae transition to carnivorous juveniles.

We reared larvae in mesocosms at low, medium and high densities and measured the size of both larval and juvenile guts, livers and fat bodies. We also monitored the timing of the onset of juvenile feeding post‐metamorphosis and, after the onset of feeding, we measured intake rate and mean diet retention time. Finally, we measured juvenile metabolic rates to determine whether any organ size plasticity contributed to metabolic carry‐over effects.

Larval density had strong effects on larval morphology with higher densities increasing gut length and decreasing liver and fat body sizes. The effects of this plasticity carried over post‐metamorphosis. High larval densities produced smaller juveniles with proportionately longer guts and extremely small livers and fat bodies. There were no apparent carry‐over effects on size‐specific metabolic rate.

Differences in larval density were also associated with differences in post‐metamorphic feeding. Small juveniles from high larval densities began feeding even before metamorphosis was complete, whereas large juveniles from low larval densities experienced a significant 2‐week delay. Although juvenile body mass varied over threefold across treatments, once feeding was initiated, neither intake nor mean diet retention time scaled with body size.

Overall, high larval densities produced small juveniles with very low lipid reserves that may have stimulated hyperphagia relative to larger juveniles. Longer guts carried over from the larval stage could facilitate this by allowing small juveniles to elevate intake without sacrificing diet retention time. Patterns of intake coupled with differences in the onset of feeding explain the size‐dependent growth pattern previously reported in this and other species.
Additional Information in Accounting Reports: Effects on Management Decisions and Subjective Performance Evaluations Under Causal Ambiguity
Authors: Luft Joan , Shields Michael D. , Thomas Tyler F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOrganizations have often been criticized for reliance on a single item of accounting information (e.g., profit) in evaluating performance, because of its incompleteness. We provide theory‐based experimental evidence that under frequently occurring performance‐evaluation conditions (subjective performance evaluation, causal ambiguity, and individual differences in cognitive ability, knowledge, and/or motivation that lead to different interpretations of information), reliance on a single item of accounting information (profit), rather than profit plus additional (e.g., nonfinancial or external) information, can provide two potential benefits which offset the costs of information incompleteness. First, subordinates are more likely to make the management decisions that superiors will evaluate and reward highly—that is, there are fewer coordination failures in management decisions. Second, even after controlling for the presence or absence of coordination failures, subordinates experience less negative surprise about their performance evaluations.
Diagnostic test allergens used for in vivo diagnosis of allergic diseases are at risk: a European Perspective
Authors: Klimek L. , Hoffmann H. J. , Renz H. , Demoly P. , Werfel T. , Matricardi P. M. , Muraro A. , Schmid‐Grendelmeier P. , Cardona V. , Papadopoulos N. G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn the European Union (EU), allergens used for diagnostic tests (TAs) are defined as medicinal products and have to be registered by national authorities. The current situation is not homogeneous. Existing authorizations need to be kept in the market in some EU states, while others need complete new authorizations requiring clinical trials, quality assurance methods, stability studies, and periodic safety update reports. Allergen manufacturers argue that offering a comprehensive panel of TAs may be economically disastrous. Expenses for initiation and maintenance of TA authorizations far exceed their related revenues and manufacturers may be forced to significantly limit their allergen portfolios. The availability of a wide range of high‐quality TAs is very important for in vivo diagnoses of IgE‐mediated allergies. Increased regulatory demands induce costs that need to be covered by public health organizations or reimbursed by health insurance companies.
Multivariate Product-Shot-Noise Cox Point Process Models
Authors: Jalilian Abdollah , Guan Yongtao , Mateu Jorge , Waagepetersen Rasmus 
Published: June 2015

SummaryWe introduce a new multivariate product-shot-noise Cox process which is useful for modeling multi-species spatial point patterns with clustering intra-specific interactions and neutral, negative, or positive inter-specific interactions. The auto- and cross-pair correlation functions of the process can be obtained in closed analytical forms and approximate simulation of the process is straightforward. We use the proposed process to model interactions within and among five tree species in the Barro Colorado Island plot.
PKCε phosphorylates α4β2 nicotinic ACh receptors and promotes recovery from desensitization
Authors: Lee A M , Wu D‐F , Dadgar J , Wang D , McMahon T , Messing R O 
Published: June 2015

Background and PurposeNicotinic (ACh) receptor recovery from desensitization is modulated by PKC, but the PKC isozymes and the phosphorylation sites involved have not been identified. We investigated whether PKCε phosphorylation of α4β2 nAChRs regulates receptor recovery from desensitization.Experimental ApproachReceptor recovery from desensitization was investigated by electrophysiological characterization of human α4β2 nAChRs. Phosphorylation of the α4 nAChR subunit was assessed by immunoblotting of mouse synaptosomes. Hypothermia induced by sazetidine‐A and nicotine was measured in Prkce−/− and wild‐type mice.Key ResultsInhibiting PKCε impaired the magnitude of α4β2 nAChR recovery from desensitization. We identified five putative PKCε phosphorylation sites in the large intracellular loop of the α4 subunit, and mutating four sites to alanines also impaired recovery from desensitization. α4 nAChR subunit phosphorylation was reduced in synaptosomes from Prkce−/− mice. Sazetidine‐A‐induced hypothermia, which is mediated by α4β2 nAChR desensitization, was more severe and prolonged in Prkce−/− than in wild‐type mice.Conclusions and ImplicationsPKCε phosphorylates the α4 nAChR subunit and regulates recovery from receptor desensitization. This study illustrates the importance of phosphorylation in regulating α4β2 receptor function, and suggests that reducing phosphorylation prolongs receptor desensitization and decreases the number of receptors available for activation.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Volumes and Function by Real Time Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography in Children with Functional Single Left Ventricle: A Comparison between QLAB and TomTec
Authors: Zhong Shu‐Wen , Zhang Yu‐Qi , Chen Li‐Jun , Wang Shan‐Shan , Li Wei‐Hua 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundReal time three‐dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) provides a reliable analysis of left ventricular (LV) volume. Despite a wide spectrum of tracking algorithms presently available, which software is most suitable for evaluating functional single left ventricle (FLSV) is unknown. Herein, we compared two of the most commonly used 3DE algorithms for quantification of LV volumes in the pediatric population with FLSV.MethodsThirty‐six children with FLSV were prospectively enrolled. The LV volume analysis was performed on QLAB 8.1 (semiautomated border tracking) and TomTec 4D LV 3.0 (manual dominant border tracking) and compared with MRI as the reference standard.Results3DE volume quantification was achieved for 32 children with QLAB and 34 children with TomTec. Analysis time was much shorter for QLAB than TomTec (4.8 ± 1.2 vs. 6.3 ± 1.8 minutes, P < 0.05). Ejection fraction (EF) by either 3DE modality was significantly lower than the published normal values (P < 0.01 for each). End‐diastolic volume (EDV), end‐systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume, and EF calculated by both 3DE modalities underestimated MRI values. Compared to QLAB, TomTec showed better correlation and smaller intertechnique differences with MRI (the 95% limits of agreement, EDV: −20.84 to 5.18 mL in QLAB, −10.66 to 1.84 mL in TomTec; ESV: −8.94 to 3.07 mL in QLAB, −2.45 to 0.98 mL in TomTec; SV: −13.31 to 3.45 mL in QLAB, −9.34 to 2.0 mL in TomTec; EF: −12.07 to 7.76% in QLAB, −9.64 to 1.52% in TomTec), TomTec was more reproducible with better intraclass correlation coefficients and variation coefficients.ConclusionsBoth 3DE modalities tend to underestimate LV volumes, but the correlation of LV volumes and EF between 3DE and MRI still holds well. Despite a longer operating time, TomTec analysis is more accurate and reproducible.
MONEY TRANSFER AND BIRTH WEIGHT: EVIDENCE FROM THE ALASKA PERMANENT FUND DIVIDEND
Authors: Chung Wankyo , Ha Hyungserk , Kim Beomsoo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe positive relationship between income and health is well established. However, the direction of causality remains unclear: do economic resources influence health, or vice versa? Exploiting a new source of exogenous income variation, this study examines the impact of the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend (APFD) on newborns' health outcomes. The results show that income has a significantly positive, but modest effect on birth weight. We find that an additional $1,000 ($2,331 in 2011 dollars) increases birth weight by 17.7 g and substantially decreases the likelihood of a low birth weight (a decrease of around 14% of the sample mean). Furthermore, the income effect is higher for less‐educated mothers. Based on a gestation‐weight profile in the sample, increased gestation owing to the APFD could explain a maximum of 34%–57% of the measured weight increase, although we are unable to examine all the potential mechanisms. (JEL I10, I18, I12)
Regional β‐amyloid burden does not correlate with cognitive or language deficits in Alzheimer's disease presenting as aphasia
Authors: Jung Y. , Whitwell J. L. , Duffy J. R. , Strand E. A. , Machulda M. M. , Senjem M. L. , Jack C. R. , Lowe V. J. , Josephs K. A. 
Published: June 2015

Background and purposeA subset of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) present with early and prominent language impairment (aphasic AD). Our previous study demonstrated an association between global β‐amyloid burden measured on [11C] Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography and general cognitive impairment, but not with aphasia, in such subjects. As a follow‐up, whether there is any association between regional β‐amyloid burden, atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and global cognitive impairment, aphasia or other cognitive and functional impairment in aphasic AD is assessed.MethodsForty‐four aphasic AD subjects who underwent PiB scanning and volumetric MRI and were determined to be positive for β‐amyloid deposition were analyzed. All had completed detailed neurological, neuropsychological and language batteries. Spearman's rank‐order correlation was utilized to assess for associations.ResultsGreater visuospatial impairment was associated with increased β‐amyloid burden in the primary visual cortex (P = 0.001). Although there were many trends for associations between neurocognitive and language deficits and regional β‐amyloid burden, there were no strong associations that survived correction for multiple comparisons. However, neurocognitive and language impairment in these subjects strongly correlated with the degree of left lateral temporal and inferior parietal atrophy (P < 0.004).ConclusionsThe findings from this study suggest a close relation between the severity of regional atrophy and cognitive and language impairment, but argue against a strong association between regional β‐amyloid burden and such deficits in aphasic AD subjects. Hence, other pathological factors may be driving the previously identified association between global β‐amyloid deposition and general cognitive impairment in aphasic AD.
Structural insights into N‐terminal to C‐terminal interactions and implications for thermostability of a (β/α)8‐triosephosphate isomerase barrel enzyme
Authors: Mahanta Pranjal , Bhardwaj Amit , Kumar Krishan , Reddy Vanga S. , Ramakumar Suryanarayanarao 
Published: June 2015

Although several factors have been suggested to contribute to thermostability, the stabilization strategies used by proteins are still enigmatic. Studies on a recombinant xylanase from Bacilllus sp. NG‐27 (RBSX), which has the ubiquitous (β/α)8‐triosephosphate isomerase barrel fold, showed that just a single mutation, V1L, although not located in any secondary structural element, markedly enhanced the stability from 70 °C to 75 °C without loss of catalytic activity. Conversely, the V1A mutation at the same position decreased the stability of the enzyme from 70 °C to 68 °C. To gain structural insights into how a single extreme N‐terminus mutation can markedly influence the thermostability of the enzyme, we determined the crystal structure of RBSX and the two mutants. On the basis of computational analysis of their crystal structures, including residue interaction networks, we established a link between N‐terminal to C‐terminal contacts and RBSX thermostability. Our study reveals that augmenting N‐terminal to C‐terminal noncovalent interactions is associated with enhancement of the stability of the enzyme. In addition, we discuss several lines of evidence supporting a connection between N‐terminal to C‐terminal noncovalent interactions and protein stability in different proteins. We propose that the strategy of mutations at the termini could be exploited with a view to modulate stability without compromising enzymatic activity, or in general, protein function in diverse folds where N and C termini are in close proximity.DatabaseThe coordinates of RBSX, V1A and V1L have been deposited in the PDB database under the accession numbers 4QCE, 4QCF, and 4QDM, respectively
Cutaneous inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours can be anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐positive: report of the first four cases
Authors: Leguellec Sophie , Tournier Emilie , Karanian Marie , Brousset Pierre , Mazereeuw Juliette , Coindre Jean‐Michel , Lamant Laurence 
Published: June 2015

AimsInflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMTs) usually have a soft tissue and visceral localization, but have been rarely reported in skin. The aim of this study was to characterize the histological and immunohistochemical features of a series of cutaneous IMTs.Methods and resultsWe retrieved from our archives over 10 years four cutaneous IMTs; one was diagnosed in a child, and three in young adults. Tumours were centred on the dermis, and also involved the subcutis in two cases. Two of them corresponded to the ‘myxoid–vascular’ pattern of IMT, whereas the others were characterized by compact fascicles of spindle‐shaped cells. They stained positively for smooth muscle actin. All samples stained positively for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). ALK expression was limited to the cytoplasm of myofibroblasts and, in the three investigated cases, correlated with ALK rearrangement as shown by fluorescence in‐situ hybridization analysis.ConclusionsThis is the first report of ALK‐positive IMTs with a cutaneous localization. Because of their morphological heterogeneity and low incidence in skin, the diagnosis of cutaneous IMTs is often challenging. A cutaneous spindled cell tumour associated with an inflammatory infiltrate should prompt pathologists to perform ALK staining, which, if positive, might be decisive for diagnosis.
Severe Intellectual Disability: Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Nature of Presentation of Unipolar Depression
Authors: Walton Catherine , Kerr Mike 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe diagnosis of depression in severe and profound intellectual disability is challenging. Without adequate skills in verbal self‐expression, standardized diagnostic criteria cannot be used with confidence. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the assessment and diagnosis of unipolar depression in severe and profound intellectual disability. The review aimed to examine the methods used to assess for depression. The secondary aim was to explore the frequency and symptoms of depression.MethodsThe PRISMA (2009) Checklist for systematic review was followed, and a search of electronic databases was undertaken. Nine studies were included in the qualitative synthesis from over 2000 records identified.ResultsThe quality of the studies was assessed and scored, with a wide range of results. Individual studies scored between 2 and 7 of a maximum possible score of 8. The diagnostic tools utilized by each of the studies were assessed and compared.ConclusionsIn terms of the methods used to assess for depression, results were varied. This was due to the heterogeneous nature of the individual study designs. The Aberrant Behaviour Checklist consistently showed promise, in particular when combined with other instruments or clinical examination. Qualitative analysis of the selected studies has shown a wide variation in the quality of primary research in this field, with more required to make firm conclusions regarding the diagnosis, frequency and presentation of depression in severe and profound intellectual disability.
Keeping the band together: evidence for false boundary disruptive coloration in a butterfly
Authors: Seymoure B. M. , Aiello A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThere is a recent surge of evidence supporting disruptive coloration, in which patterns break up the animal's outline through false edges or boundaries, increasing survival in animals by reducing predator detection and/or preventing recognition. Although research has demonstrated that false edges are successful for reducing predation of prey, research into the role of internal false boundaries (i.e. stripes and bands) in reducing predation remains warranted. Many animals have stripes and bands that may function disruptively. Here, we test the possible disruptive function of wing band patterning in a butterfly,Anartia fatima, using artificial paper and plasticine models in Panama. We manipulated the band so that one model type had the band shifted to the wing margin (nondisruptive treatment) and another model had a discontinuous band located on the wing margin (discontinuous edge treatment). We kept the natural wing pattern to represent the false boundary treatment. Across all treatment groups, we standardized the area of colour and used avian visual models to confirm a match between manipulated and natural wing colours. False boundary models had higher survival than either the discontinuous edge model or the nondisruptive model. There was no survival difference between the discontinuous edge model and the nondisruptive model. Our results demonstrate the importance of wing bands in reducing predation on butterflies and show that markings set in from the wing margin can reduce predation more effectively than marginal bands and discontinuous marginal patterns. This study demonstrates an adaptive benefit of having stripes and bands.