bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of clade competition in the diversification of North American canids
Authors: Silvestro Daniele , Antonelli Alexandre , Salamin Nicolas , Quental Tiago B. 
Published: June 2015

SignificanceExtinction is a ubiquitous feature of biodiversity history, and although many lineages increase in diversity through time, most of them eventually decline and get replaced. Dinosaurs and mammals represent an extreme and iconic example of such replacement. Here we investigate the causes of the sequential wax and wane of three subfamilies in the dog family Canidae. Contrary to current expectation, we find that competition from phylogenetically distant, but ecologically similar, clades played a more substantial role in canid diversification than climate change and body size evolution. Our results provide novel quantitative evidence indicating that competition from multiple clades can actively drive the displacement and extinction of entire lineages.
Maternal intestinal HIF-2α is necessary for sensing iron demands of lactation in mice
Authors: Ramakrishnan Sadeesh K. , Anderson Erik R. , Martin Angelical , Centofanti Brook , Shah Yatrik M. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
The benefits of breast milk in neonatal development are well characterized. However, very little is known about the essential nutrient components in breast milk that are critical for neonatal development and how these nutrients are maintained at adequate levels in breast milk. The present work demonstrates that the intestine is an essential sensor of systemic iron demand during lactation. During high iron demand from lactation, hypoxia-inducible factor-2α–mediated increase in maternal intestinal iron absorption is essential to maintain milk iron levels. This work demonstrates the significant role of maternal intestinal iron absorption in postnatal iron homeostasis of newborns and provides a therapeutic target to maintain iron homeostasis during pregnancy and lactation in anemic patients who are refractory to iron supplementation.
Constitutive phosphorylation of cardiac myosin regulatory light chain prevents development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice
Authors: Yuan Chen-Ching , Muthu Priya , Kazmierczak Katarzyna , Liang Jingsheng , Huang Wenrui , Irving Thomas C. , Kanashiro-Takeuchi Rosemeire M. , Hare Joshua M. , Szczesna-Cordary Danuta 
Published: June 2015

SignificanceGenetic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a debilitating disease affecting 1 in 500 of the general population, and there is no effective therapy to reverse or prevent its development and/or progression to heart failure. To inhibit a detrimental HCM phenotype induced by the D166V mutation of cardiac myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) in mice that also show reduced phosphorylation of endogenous cardiac RLC, constitutively phosphorylated D166V mutant mice were produced and tested. Our in-depth investigation of heart morphology, structure, and function of S15D-D166V mice provided evidence for the pseudophosphorylation-elicited prevention of the progressive HCM-D166V phenotype. This study is significant for the field of HCM, and our findings may constitute a novel therapeutic modality to battle hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with RLC mutations.
Arabidopsis
MZT1 homologs GIP1 and GIP2 are essential for centromere architecture
Authors: Batzenschlager Morgane , Lermontova Inna , Schubert Veit , Fuchs Jörg , Berr Alexandre , Koini Maria A. , Houlné Guy , Herzog Etienne , Rutten Twan , Alioua Abdelmalek , Fransz Paul , Schmit Anne-Catherine , Chabouté Marie-Edith 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Centromeres are crucial as they avoid genomic instability during mitosis, but the mechanisms involved in their assembly and maintenance are not yet fully elucidated in eukaryotes. Here, we describe a previously unidentified aspect of centromere regulation mediated by γ-tubulin complex protein 3-interacting proteins (GIPs). Our data correlate centromere assembly and cohesion through the recruitment of specific protein complexes in the nucleus. Due to the conservation of GIPs/mitotic spindle organizing protein 1 among fungi, mammals, and plants, our results open a new field of investigation for centromere regulation.
Hydrodynamic collective effects of active protein machines in solution and lipid bilayers
Authors: Mikhailov Alexander S. , Kapral Raymond 
Published: June 2015

SignificanceBiological cells contain large numbers of active proteins that repeatedly change their conformations and need a supply of ATP or other substrates to maintain their cyclic operation. Whereas these protein machines have a variety of specific functions, acting as motors, ion pumps, or enzymes, they also induce fluctuating hydrodynamic flows in the cytoplasm. Because such fluctuating flows are nonthermal, energy can be extracted from them and work can be performed. We show that these flows can substantially enhance diffusive motions of passive particles. Furthermore, when gradients in concentrations of active proteins or substrate (ATP) are present, a chemotaxis-like drift should take place. Such nonequilibrium effects are universal: They hold for all passive particles and also for the protein machines themselves.
High-fat diet and FGF21 cooperatively promote aerobic thermogenesis in mtDNA mutator mice
Authors: Wall Christopher E. , Whyte Jamie , Suh Jae M. , Fan Weiwei , Collins Brett , Liddle Christopher , Yu Ruth T. , Atkins Annette R. , Naviaux Jane C. , Li Kefeng , Bright Andrew Taylor , Alaynick William A. , Downes Michael , Naviaux Robert K. , Evans Ronald M. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone that mediates an adaptive response to starvation, is also a long-standing marker of mitochondrial disease. In this article, we describe the metabolic benefits induced by mild mitochondrial stress via FGF21 induction in polymerase gamma mtDNA mutator (POLG) mice, a model of mitochondrial disease and premature aging. When challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD), these mice resist diet-induced obesity and its underlying associated disease states. In addition, nutrients from a HFD appear to reverse metabolic imbalance in these mice. HFD also robustly increases fat metabolism and improves mitochondrial function in brown fat, which mediates adaptive thermogenesis. Hence, we highlight a metabolically favorable synergy between mitochondrial stress and HFD facilitated by FGF21 in this mouse.
Massive accumulation of luminal protease-deficient axonal lysosomes at Alzheimer’s disease amyloid plaques
Authors: Gowrishankar Swetha , Yuan Peng , Wu Yumei , Schrag Matthew , Paradise Summer , Grutzendler Jaime , De Camilli Pietro , Ferguson Shawn M. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Amyloid plaques, a key feature of Alzheimer’s disease brain pathology, comprise an extracellular β-amyloid core surrounded by tissue enriched in lysosome-like organelles. As a foundation for understanding the mechanisms that drive amyloid plaque formation, we have elucidated the cellular origins and molecular composition of such organelles. The majority of the lysosomes at amyloid plaques reside within swollen neuronal axons. Interestingly, these organelles contain low levels of multiple luminal lysosomal proteases and closely resemble a lysosome subpopulation that naturally occurs in distal neuronal processes. These results suggest that extracellular β-amyloid deposits cause a local impairment in retrograde axonal transport, leading to the accumulation of lysosome precursors and a blockade in their further maturation that has implications for both β-amyloid production and clearance.
Nature experience reduces rumination and subgenual prefrontal cortex activation
Authors: Bratman Gregory N. , Hamilton J. Paul , Hahn Kevin S. , Daily Gretchen C. , Gross James J. 
Published: June 2015

SignificanceMore than 50% of people now live in urban areas. By 2050 this proportion will be 70%. Urbanization is associated with increased levels of mental illness, but it’s not yet clear why. Through a controlled experiment, we investigated whether nature experience would influence rumination (repetitive thought focused on negative aspects of the self), a known risk factor for mental illness. Participants who went on a 90-min walk through a natural environment reported lower levels of rumination and showed reduced neural activity in an area of the brain linked to risk for mental illness compared with those who walked through an urban environment. These results suggest that accessible natural areas may be vital for mental health in our rapidly urbanizing world.
F-box protein FBXO31 directs degradation of MDM2 to facilitate p53-mediated growth arrest following genotoxic stress
Authors: Malonia Sunil K. , Dutta Parul , Santra Manas Kumar , Green Michael R. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
The tumor suppressor protein p53 plays a critical role in protecting humans from cancer. In response to cellular stresses, such as DNA damage, p53 levels increase and induce a variety of protective biological responses. In unstressed cells, p53 is maintained at a low level by MDM2, a protein that interacts with p53 and promotes its degradation. Following DNA damage, MDM2 is degraded rapidly, resulting in increased p53 levels. Because of the essential role of MDM2 in modulating p53 function, it is critical to understand how MDM2 levels are regulated. Here we show that, following DNA damage, the F-box protein FBXO31, a potential tumor suppressor, is responsible for promoting MDM2 degradation and therefore is essential for the increase in p53 levels.
Regulation of the plasma amino acid profile by leucine via the system L amino acid transporter
Authors: Zhen Hongmin , Nakamura Koichi , Kitaura Yasuyuki , Kadota Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Takuya , Kondo Yusuke , Xu Minjun , Shimomura Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPlasma concentrations of amino acids reflect the intracellular amino acid pool in mammals. However, the regulatory mechanism requires clarification. In this study, we examined the effect of leucine administration on plasma amino acid profiles in mice with and without the treatment of 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) or rapamycin as an inhibitor of system L or mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, respectively. The elevation of plasma leucine concentration after leucine administration was associated with a significant decrease in the plasma concentrations of isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine; BCH treatment almost completely blocked the leucine-induced decrease in plasma amino acid concentrations. Rapamycin treatment had much less effects on the actions of leucine than BCH treatment. These results suggest that leucine regulates the plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids, methionine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, and that system L amino acid transporters are involved in the leucine action.
Rembrandt’s Ocular Pathologies
Authors: Wiser Itay , Parnass Adam J. , Rachmiel Ronny , Westreich Melvyn , Friedman Tali 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:
This article aims to medically and artistically analyze various ophthalmological ailments documented in self-portraits of Rembrandt to determine if those ailments were medical conditions or stylistic and age-related changes.

Methods:
A systematic literature review using Pub Med and Google Scholar found 232 results from a search of “Rembrandt” and more than 5,000 results for “Rembrandt Aging.” After extensive review of the literature, the authors found 17 relevant sources. These sources were then supplemented with historical books on Rembrandt and the aging processes of artists. Analytical observations with proportional measurements of anthropometrical landmarks (from self-portraits of Rembrandt at various ages) were studied, measured, analyzed, and compared using a standardized technique via MB ruler graphic software to assess age- or medically related changes.

Results:
The ophthalmological problems cited in the literature related to Rembrandt’s periorbital structures were found by the authors to be false. Signs of inappropriate aging and ailments, such as hyperthyroidism were deemed inaccurate by the authors based on absence of classical disease progression. Ophthalmological problems cited in the literature on Rembrandt’s visual acuity were found to be stylistic changes or considered normal aging. Finally, the authors found that ophthalmological problems relating to Rembrandt’s eye and orbital adnexa are unfitting because these problems were not seen in subsequent paintings.

Conclusions:
The authors believe that all the physical changes seen in Rembrandt’s portraits represent natural age-related or stylistic changes, and do not represent signs or symptoms of diseases in the master.
A simple method for automated equilibration detection in molecular simulations
Authors: Chodera John D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMolecular simulations intended to compute equilibrium properties are often initiated from configurations that are highly atypical of equilibrium samples, a practice which can generate a distinct initial transient in mechanical observables computed from the simulation trajectory. Traditional practice in simulation data analysis recommends this initial portion be discarded toequilibration,but no simple, general, and automated procedure for this process exists. Here, we suggest a conceptually simple automated procedure that does not make strict assumptions about the distribution of the observable of interest, in which the equilibration time is chosen to maximize the number of effectively uncorrelated samples in the production timespan used to compute equilibrium averages. We present a simple Python reference implementation of this procedure, and demonstrate its utility on typical molecular simulation data.
Long term recordings with immobile silicon probes in the mouse cortex
Authors: Okun Michael , Carandini Matteo , Harris Kenneth D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA key experimental approach in neuroscience involves measuring neuronal activity in behaving animals with extracellular chronic recordings. Such chronic recordings were initially made with single electrodes and tetrodes, and are now increasingly performed with high-density, high-count silicon probes. A common way to achieve long-term chronic recording is to attach the probes to microdrives that progressively advance them into the brain and isolate them from mechanical forces. Here we report, however, that such microdrives are not strictly necessary. Indeed, we obtained high-quality recordings in both head-fixed and freely moving mice for several months following the implantation of immobile chronic probes. Probes implanted into the primary visual cortex yielded well-isolated single units whose spike waveform and orientation tuning were highly reproducible over time. Although electrode drift was not completely absent, at least 70% of neurons retained their waveform across days. Thus, immobile silicon probes represent a straightforward and reliable technique to obtain stable, long-term population recordings in mice, and to follow the activity of populations of well-isolated neurons over multiple days.
“Robinhoodian” courts’ decisions on mortgage law in Spain
Authors: Nasarre-Aznar Sergio 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the response of the Spanish courts to the effects of the 2007 financial crisis for residential mortgage borrowers in the absence of any equivalent intervention by the legislature. The paper also explores the potential risks that recent court decisions might pose for the Spanish mortgage and banking systems.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper uses a combination of doctrinal and comparative methodology. It undertakes an analysis of decided judicial cases in Spain and compares these to international courts’ decisions and to national and international legislation with a view to exploring their originality in the field of mortgage-related consumer protection.

Findings
– The reviewed cases demonstrate the need to consider legislative reforms to increase the protection of consumers in relation to mortgages. Some reforms took place in 2013, but these were not perceived as sufficient by the judiciary. The paper also highlights the legal uncertainty that has followed these decisions and its negative impact on the credibility of the Spanish financial and legal systems.

Research limitations/implications
– The cases discussed are exceptional in the context of the general “normal” or “traditional” application of contractual, procedural and mortgage legislation by the rest of the judiciary. However, they are relevant enough to detect a trend and the need for the revision of affected statutes.

Originality/value
– This paper provides the first systematic critical analysis of these cases. It is of particular significance, as they collectively represent a distortion of the civil law principles that provide the basis of Spanish mortgage law and, therefore, of the wider financial system.
Incoherence and incompatibility in planning law
Authors: Lees Emma , Shepherd Edward 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the obligations imposing localism and the presumption in favour of sustainable development in English planning law.Design/methodology/approach– The paper uses doctrinal analysis to examine section 38 PCPA 2004 and the NPPF to assess whether the obligations are coherent when considered as stand-alone obligations, and whether they are compatible when combined. Case law and the statutory provisions are examined to assess this. Planning theory is also examined to bring a multidisciplinary focus to the analysis.Findings– The paper concludes that there are problems with these legal obligations when considered as stand-alone obligations. There is imprecision over the meaning of key terms; the “presumptions” established do not operate as true presumptions; and there is an ambiguity as to the hierarchy of norms and the allocation of decision-making control. When combined, the incoherence increases. It is argued that this occurs thanks to underlying disagreements in key concepts in planning theory.Originality/value– This paper examines the new structures of planning law introduced under the Localism Act 2011 and the NPPF and considers how this structure works in practice. It does so from the multidisciplinary viewpoint of planning law and planning theory and links these two approaches. This is not replicated elsewhere in the literature. It considers in detail the ensuing case law, and the contradictions that appear. Again, there is little surveying the overall framework of planning law in the UK.
Doing ethnography in a paranoid organization: an autoethnographic account
Authors: Frandsen Sanne 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine what we can learn from an autoethnographical approach about public administration. In this context it presents and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of autoethnography.Design/methodology/approach– The paper is based on a case study of E-rail, a European national rail service subject to extensive negative press coverage. The autoethnographic accounts, based on interviews, observations, phone calls, e-mails, and other informal interactions with the organizational members, highlight the researcher’s entry to and exit of the organization.Findings– The paper mobilizes fieldwork access negotiation and trust building with participants as empirical material in its own right, arguing that challenges involving “being in the field” should be explored to provide new types of knowledge about the organizational phenomenon under study – in this case the rise of organizational paranoia.Originality/value– This paper uses autoethnography, which is rare in public administration studies, and discusses the distinct features of autoethnography as an ethnographic approach to public organizations. It argues that autoethnographic accounts of fieldwork relationship highlight and challenge the boundaries of the kind of research questions we might ask – and the kind of answers we might provide – about public administration.
Who are we trying to impress?
Authors: Boswell John , Corbett Jack 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– Turning laborious ethnographic research into stylized argumentative prose for academic consumption is a painstaking craft. The purpose of this paper is to revisit this perennial issue, and extend a claim the authors have made elsewhere about the inevitably impressionistic, rather than the oft-claimed “systematic”, nature of this task.Design/methodology/approach– The authors draw and reflect on their own experiences of conducting and navigating across political science, ethnography and interpretation in order to justify and uphold the benefits of impressionism.Findings– The authors argue that the impressionistic account of writing up fieldwork has important implications for these diverse disciplinary terrains.Originality/value– The authors develop an argument as to how and why an appreciation of this craft’s impressionistic nature can affect how the authors go about creating, evaluating and ultimately thinking about ethnographic research in foreign disciplines like political science.
Street-level planning; the shifty nature of “local knowledge and practice”
Authors: Vohnsen Nina Holm 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore and problematizes one of the oft-cited reasons why the implementation of public policy and other development initiatives goes wrong – namely that there is a mismatch or antagonistic relationship between street-level worker’s decisions and priorities on the one hand and on the other hand the policy-makers’ or administrators’ directives and priorities.Design/methodology/approach– The paper builds on seven months of ethnographic fieldwork set in a Danish municipal unit which administered the sickness benefit legislation.Findings– Through the reading of an ethnographic example of implementation of labour market policy this paper suggests that when policy invariably is distorted at the administrative level it is not necessarily due to lack of will among street-level workers to comply with legislation or centrally devised directives but rather because: in practice, planning and implementation are concurrent processes that continuously feed into each other; and that the concerns and the “local knowledge and practice” that guide planning-implementation do not belong to individual people but are dynamic perspectives that individual people might take up in certain situations.Originality/value– This challenges conventional descriptions of street-level workers as a distinct group of people with distinctive concerns and attitudes to their work. The paper suggests instead the metaphor “vector of concern” to capture the way street-level workers’ changes of perspectives might cause interventions to disintegrate and evolve in potentially conflicting directions.