bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in Acute Ischemic Stroke Based on Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage or Poor Functional Outcome
Authors: Whiteley William N. , Thompson Douglas , Murray Gordon , Cohen Geoff , Lindley Richard I. , Wardlaw Joanna , Sandercock Peter 
Published: March 2014

Background and Purpose—
Intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA), despite a risk of early symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), is of net clinical benefit to acute stroke patients. We tested if predictive models could identify patients least likely to be harmed by sICH or those who gained no net benefit.

Methods—
We used the Third International Stroke Trial (IST-3) trial data set, an international, multicenter, open treatment randomized trial of 0.9 mg/kg r-tPA versus control in 3035 patients with acute ischemic stroke. We compared the discrimination and calibration of previously developed predictive models for ICH and poststroke poor outcome and developed a new model using variables selected by systematic review. We calculated the absolute and relative risk reduction of death or dependency with r-tPA in patients at a low, medium, or high predicted risk of sICH or poor functional outcome.

Results—

Prediction models for sICH or poor outcome (Hemorrhage After Thrombolysis [HAT]; Sugar, Early Infarct Signs, Dense Artery, Age, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Score (SEDAN); Glucose Race Age Sex Pressure Stroke Severity [GRASPS]; Stroke Thrombolytic Predictive Instrument; Dense Artery, Rankin Score, Age, Glucose, Onset to Treatment Time, NIHSS [DRAGON]; Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events [THRIVE]; our new model; and a model with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and age) had similar area under receiver operator characteristic curves (AUROCC) to predict sICH (
P
for difference >0.05). The simplest model (with covariates National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and age) predicted both sICH (AUROCC, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.58–0.68) and poststroke poor functional outcome (AUROCC, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.77–0.82) similarly to complex models. There was no evidence that the effect of r-tPA in patients at high predicted risk of sICH or poor functional outcome after stroke was less than in those at lower risk.

Conclusions—
There is a clinically relevant net positive effect of r-tPA in patients with acute stroke at a high predicted risk of sICH or poor functional outcome.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.controlled-trials.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN25765518.
On the Status of Nous in the Philebus
Authors: Mason Andrew J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHackforth and Menn make a strong case for the identity ofnousand the demiurge in Plato, but I argue that it does not hold in the case of thePhilebus, where the demiurge is kept in the background, and the world-soul is in fact the referent in the passage assigningnousto the class of cause as governor of the universe. In theStatesman, the world-soul had had to own the problem of natural catastrophe, and I suggest that in thePhilebusthe role and functions of the world-soul are enhanced in an attempt to make it the basis for a solution to that problem.
The Role of Affect in Intended Rule Breaking
Authors: Kamerdze Amy Sariti , Loughran Tom , Paternoster Ray , Sohoni Tracy 
Published: March 2014

Objectives: Through a mood induction procedure, we prime positive, negative, or a neutral affective state and examine its effect on intentions to cheat on an exam and drinking and driving. Method: University students served as subjects for the study. They were provided with a questionnaire that randomized a mood induction procedure. Respondents were asked to recall (1) a recent positive event or experience, (2) a recent negative event or experience, or (3) their favorite books. They then completed a questionnaire that asked about their current mood state and got their responses to two hypothetical crime scenarios—cheating on an exam and drinking and driving. They were also asked questions pertaining to perceived risk, their decision-making style, impulsivity, and confidence. Results: We found that those experiencing an intense positive mood state were generally less likely to report that they would cheat or drive drunk relative to the negative and neutral state. However, we found little support for the suggested mediating causal mechanisms. Conclusions: Affective states milder than emotions are related to intentions to commit acts that are in the long-term harmful and go against self-interest. The relationship between affect states and criminal decision making can benefit from additional research.
A risk factor for kinked middle lobar bronchus following right upper lobectomy
Authors: Masuda Yoshiko , Marutsuka Takashi , Suzuki Makoto 
Published: March 2014

Background Kinking of the middle lobar bronchus is sometimes observed after a right upper lobectomy, but prevention and treatment have not been established. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for a kinked middle lobar bronchus causing postoperative middle lobe atelectasis. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 35 patients who underwent a right upper lobectomy in our hospital. Demographic and preoperative variables were compared in 4 patients with postoperative middle lobe atelectasis and kinking of the middle lobar bronchus and 31 without postoperative middle lobe atelectasis, determined by bronchoscopy and computed tomography findings. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, lung function test results, or volume ratio of the right upper lobe. A shorter distance from the carina to the middle lobe orifice was the only risk factor for a kinked middle lobar bronchus identified (40.25 ± 2.45 vs. 48.06 ± 4.78 mm, p = 0.006). Conclusion A short distance from the carina to the middle lobe orifice could be a risk factor for kinking of the middle lobar bronchus in postoperative middle lobe atelectasis after right upper lobectomy.
Life-long battle: Perceptions of Type 2 diabetes in Thailand
Authors: Suparee Nitima , McGee Paula , Khan Salim , Pinyopasakul Wanpen 
Published: March 2014

Background The number of people in Thailand who have Type 2 diabetes has increased dramatically making it one of the country’s major health problems. The rising prevalence of diabetes in Thailand is associated with dietary changes, reduced physical activity and health education. Although there is much research about health education programmes, the most effective methods for promoting sustainability and adherence to self-management among diabetics remains unclear. Objectives To examine the perceptions of participants in Thailand regarding Type 2 diabetes and to utilize the findings to formulate a model for patient education. Methods A grounded theory approach was selected and semi-structured face to face interviews and focus group were used to gather data from 33 adults with Type 2 diabetes. Results Five explanatory categories emerged from the data: causing lifelong stress and worry, finding their own ways, after a while, still cannot and wanting a normal life. Conclusion A new approach to patient education about Type 2 diabetes in Thailand is needed to give patients a better understanding, provide recommendations that they can apply to their daily lives, and include information about alternative medication. The Buddhist way of thinking and effective strategies enhancing self-efficacy should be applied to patient education to promote sustainability and adherence to self-management.
An analysis of acromioclavicular joint morphology as a factor for shoulder impingement syndrome
Authors: Colegate-Stone Toby J , Tavakkolizadeh Adel , Sinha Joydeep 
Published: March 2014

Background The present study aimed to determine whether acromioclavicular (AC) joint morphology was a factor in the development of symptomatic impingement necessitating AC joint excision. Methods We performed a prospective cohort study on all patients undergoing AC joint excision for symptomatic joint pain unresponsive to conservative treatment between 2009 and 2011. This involved 106 consecutive patients (57 women, 49 men, average age 54 years, age range 33 to 76 years). Prior to surgery, radiographic classification of the AC joint was performed producing three main groups: oblique, flat or curved. Pre- and postoperative assessment was performed using the Oxford Shoulder Score and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire. Results A significantly ( p < 0.05) higher frequency of oblique AC joint morphology was seen in the AC joint excision study population compared to the normal population. Postoperative outcome demonstrated no significant difference ( P > 0.05) between any of the three AC joint morphologies. Conclusions The present study demonstrates a significant association between the oblique AC joint morphology and those patients who develop AC joint pain requiring surgery. Outcomes of surgery were independent of joint morphology, gender or age, with all patient subgroups demonstrating significant improvement by the end of the study.
Treatment and outcome of malignant bone tumors of the proximal humerus: biological versus endoprosthetic reconstruction
Authors: Liu Tang , Zhang Qing , Guo Xiaoning , Zhang Xiangsheng , Li Zhihong , Li Xiaoyang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare the outcome, complications and survival of the commonly used surgical reconstructions of the proximal humerus after intrarticular tumour resection in our hospital.MethodsBetween 1998 and 2010, 41 consecutive proximal humeral reconstructions using prosthesis (group P, n = 25) or recycled pasteurized autograft combined with non-vascularised fibula autograft (group B, n = 16) were performed.ResultsThe mean follow-up was 57.7 months. Fourteen patients (8 patients in group P and 6 in group B) died during the follow-up period, the disease-specific survival of patients in group P was 74.5% at 5 years and in group B was 67.0%. Local recurrences were occurred in 3 cases (12.0%) in group P and 2 (12.5%) in group B. Pulmonary metastases were observed in 4 patients (16.0%) in group P and 4 (25.0%) in group B. There was no significant difference in the incidence of local recurrence, pulmonary metastasis or death of disease. Revisions were indicated in 9 patients (36.0%) in group P and 5 (31.25%) in group B. Thought the incidence of revisions was higher in group P, there was no significant difference in these two groups. The Kaplan-Meier 5-year implant survival estimates, with revision for any reason as the end point, were 80.6% and 68.8% for group P and group B, respectively. The mean MSTS Score was 63.6% in group P and 63.0% in group B. These differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe study could show that prosthetic reconstruction and reconstruction with recycled pasteurized autograft are similar in terms of their local recurrence and metastasis, while the incidence of revisions was higher for patients with prosthetic reconstruction.
The role of exergaming in Parkinson’s disease rehabilitation: a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Barry Gillian , Galna Brook , Rochester Lynn 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Evidence for exercise based computer games (exergaming) as a rehabilitation tool for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is only now emerging and is yet to be synthesised. To this end, we conducted a systematic review of the exergaming literature to establish what is known about the safety, feasibility and effectiveness of exergaming for rehabilitation of motor symptoms experienced by people with PD. Seven electronic databases were searched for key terms surrounding exergaming and PD. Data were extracted by two reviewers independently. From an initial yield of 1217 articles, seven were included in the review. Six studies used commercial games with the Nintendo Wii fit platform. The scientific quality of reporting was generally good, however the overall methodological design of studies was weak, with only one randomised controlled trial being reported. Safety: Participant safety was not measured in any of the studies. Feasibility: People with PD were able to play exergames, improve their performance of gameplay and enjoyed playing. However, one study observed that people with PD had difficulty with fast and complex games. Effectiveness: Six studies showed that exergaming elicited improvements in a range of clinical balance measures or reduction in the severity of motor symptoms. Results from the only randomised controlled trial showed that exergaming was as effective as traditional balance training for people with PD to improve the UPDRS II, standing balance and cognition, with improvements in both groups retained 60 days after the training ended. In conclusion, exergaming is an emerging tool to help rehabilitate motor skills in people with PD. Although we were able to establish that exergaming is feasible in people with PD, more research is needed to establish its safety and clinical effectiveness, particularly in the home. The use of commercial games may be too difficult for some people with PD and exergames tailored specifically to the rehabilitation needs and capabilities of people with PD are required for optimal efficacy, adherence and safety.
Optimising the radiolabelling properties of technetium tricarbonyl and His-tagged proteins
Authors: Badar Adam , Williams Jennifer , de Rosales Rafael TM , Tavaré Richard , Kampmeier Florian , Blower Philip J , Mullen Gregory ED 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
To date, the majority of protein-based radiopharmaceuticals have been radiolabelled using non-site-specific conjugation methods, with little or no control to ensure retained protein function post-labelling. The incorporation of a hexahistidine sequence (His-tag) in a recombinant protein can be used to site-specifically radiolabel with 99mTc-tricarbonyl ([99mTc(CO)3]+). This chemistry has been made accessible via a technetium tricarbonyl kit; however, reports of radiolabelling efficiencies and specific activities have varied greatly from one protein to another. Here, we aim to optimise the technetium tricarbonyl radiolabelling method to produce consistently >95% radiolabelling efficiencies with high specific activities suitable for in vivo imaging.

Methods
Four different recombinant His-tagged proteins (recombinant complement receptor 2 (rCR2) and three single chain antibodies, α-CD33 scFv, α-VCAM-1 scFv and α-PSMA scFv), were used to study the effect of kit volume, ionic strength, pH and temperature on radiolabelling of four proteins.

Results
We used 260 and 350 μL [99mTc(CO)3]+ kits enabling us to radiolabel at higher [99mTc(CO)3]+ and protein concentrations in a smaller volume and thus increase the rate at which maximum labelling efficiency and specific activity were reached. We also demonstrated that increasing the ionic strength of the reaction medium by increasing [Na+] from 0.25 to 0.63 M significantly increases the rate at which all four proteins reach a >95% labelling efficiency by at least fourfold, as compared to the conventional IsoLink® kit (Covidien, Petten, The Netherlands) and 0.25 M [Na+].

Conclusion
We have found optimised kit and protein radiolabelling conditions suitable for the reproducible, fast, efficient radiolabelling of proteins without the need for post-labelling purification.
Public Health and Agenda Setting: Determinants of State Attention to Tobacco and Vaccines
Authors: Pacheco Julianna , Boushey Graeme 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
What determines government attention to emerging health issues? We draw on research in agenda setting and policy diffusion to explore the determinants of public health attention in the fifty American states. We find that intergovernmental influence has a strong and consistent influence over state attention to tobacco and vaccines from 1990 to 2010. While national attention to tobacco or vaccines also sparks attention in the states, this effect is smaller than the internal impact of gubernatorial attention and the horizontal influence of neighboring state attention. We find some support that problem severity matters; however, these results are highly dependent on the measures used. Finally, we find no evidence that interest groups influence the attention that states pay to tobacco or vaccines. Our results suggest that institutions play a critical role in explaining government attention to health policy.
Supporting the Needs of State Health Policy Makers Through University Partnerships
Authors: Heller David J. , Hoffman Catherine , Bindman Andrew B. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
State Medicaid programs and other state health agencies need to monitor and evaluate changes in health insurance coverage, access to care, financing, and the quality of health care delivery. The availability of new financial resources through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is accompanied by raised expectations for such accountability. While state agencies often contract with universities on an ad hoc basis for specific policy projects, fourteen states have established formal state-university partnerships so that their analytic and technical needs can be addressed more readily. After a brief overview of these partnerships, this article provides examples of their projects, which most often affect Medicaid policy, including work on program eligibility, provider payments, and optional benefits. State-university partnerships are working on policy-relevant projects that influence decision making. Like the variation in Medicaid programs across the country, no two partnerships are alike. They thrive in a mix of structures, using different means of contracting, and with varied degrees of data access. All partnerships are interested in building a national network to share innovative practices and projects, spawn comparative policy studies across states, and support the development of new state-university partnerships.
Origins, Mission and Tasks of the School of Thought «Research of Public Policy and Current Public Administration Problems»
Authors: Омельченко  , Omyelchyenko Nikolay 
Published: March 2014

The paper concerns the history, scientific groundwork, mission and major development goals of the school
of thought “Research of Public Policy and Current Public Administration Problems”, emerged on the basis
of Administering sub-department of Public administration and political technologies at the State University
of Management. Intellectual capital of the department’s personnel is characterized as the main contributor
to the leading position, gained by the Department in the said field and the source of objective prerequisites
for formalization of this school of thought. The author, professor N.A. Omelchenko, Doctor of Sciences
(History) and the head of the Department of Public administration and political technologies — is hopeful,
that scientific results produced by this school of thought would bу demanded in the public administration
realm and help encourage research activities in the State University of Management and integration of
science and education.
Methodological Basics for Modern Public Administration Studying
Authors: Глазунова  , Glazunova Nelli 
Published: March 2014

Urgency of and the need for maintaining the Public Administration and State Policy school of thought are
substantiated; the most important directions and issues of research in the public administration field are
outlined; rationale for deep and comprehensive analysis of public administration process as a system as well
as its essence as a distinct political and administrative phenomenon are given.
Consumer Attitude Metrics for Guiding Marketing Mix Decisions
Authors: Hanssens Dominique M. , Pauwels Koen H. , Srinivasan Shuba , Vanhuele Marc , Yildirim Gokhan 
Published: March 2014

Marketing managers often use consumer attitude metrics such as awareness, consideration, and preference as performance indicators because they represent their brand's health and are readily connected to marketing activity. However, this does not mean that financially focused executives know how such metrics translate into sales performance, which would allow them to make beneficial marketing mix decisions. We propose four criteria—potential, responsiveness, stickiness, and sales conversion—that determine the connection between marketing actions, attitudinal metrics, and sales outcomes. We test our approach with a rich data set of four-weekly marketing actions, attitude metrics, and sales for several consumer brands in four categories over a seven-year period. The results quantify how marketing actions affect sales performance through their differential impact on attitudinal metrics, as captured by our proposed criteria. We find that marketing–attitude and attitude–sales relationships are predominantly stable over time but differ substantially across brands and product categories. We also establish that combining marketing and attitudinal metrics criteria improves the prediction of brand sales performance, often substantially so. Based on these insights, we provide specific recommendations on improving the marketing mix for different brands, and we validate them in a holdout sample. For managers and researchers alike, our criteria offer a verifiable explanation for differences in marketing elasticities and an actionable connection between marketing and financial performance metrics.
A Liouville comparison principle for solutions of semilinear parabolic inequalities in the whole space
Authors: Kurta Vasilii V. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract.
We obtain a new Liouville comparison principle
for weak solutions (u,v) of semilinear parabolic second-order
partial differential inequalities of the form

u
t

-
ℒ
u
-

|
u
|

q
-
1

u
≥

v
t

-
ℒ
v
-

|
v
|

q
-
1

v

(
*
)

$u_t -{\mathcal {L}}u- |u|^{q-1}u\ge v_t -{\mathcal {L}}v- |v|^{q-1}v\qquad (*)$

in the whole space

ℝ
×

ℝ
n

${{\mathbb {R}} \times \mathbb {R}^n}$

. Here,

n
≥
1

${n\ge 1}$

,

q
>
1

${q&gt;1}$

and

ℒ
=

∑

i
,
j
=
1

n

∂

∂

x
i

a

i
j

(
t
,
x
)

∂

∂

x
j

,

$
{\mathcal {L}}=\sum _{i,j=1}^n\frac{\partial }{{\partial }x_i}\biggl [ a_{ij}(t, x) \frac{\partial }{{\partial }x_j}\biggr ],$

where

a

i
j

(
t
,
x
)

${a_{ij}(t,x)}$

,

i
,
j
=
1
,
...
,
n

${i,j=1,\ldots ,n}$

, are
functions that are defined measurable and locally bounded in

ℝ
×

ℝ
n

${{\mathbb {R}} \times \mathbb {R}^n}$

, and such that

a

i
j

(
t
,
x
)

=

a

j
i

(
t
,
x
)

${a_{ij}(t,x)=a_{ji}(t,x)}$

and

∑

i
,
j
=
1

n

a

i
j

(
t
,
x
)

ξ
i

ξ
j

≥
0

$
\sum _{i,j=1}^n a_{ij}(t,x)\xi _i\xi _j\ge 0
$

for almost all

(
t
,
x
)

∈
ℝ
×

ℝ
n

${(t,x)\in {\mathbb {R}} \times \mathbb {R}^n}$

and all

ξ
∈

ℝ
n

${\xi \in \mathbb {R}^n}$

. We show that the critical exponents in the
Liouville comparison principle obtained, which are responsible for
the non-existence of non-trivial (i.e., such that

u
¬
≡
v

${{u\lnot \equiv v}}$

) weak solutions to (*) in the whole space

ℝ
×

ℝ
n

${{\mathbb {R}} \times \mathbb {R}^n}$

, depend on the behavior of the coefficients of the
operator

ℒ

${\mathcal {L}}$

at infinity and coincide with those obtained
for solutions of (*) in the half-space

ℝ
+

×

ℝ

n

${{\mathbb {R}}_+\times {\mathbb {R}}^n}$

. As direct corollaries we obtain new Liouville-type
theorems for non-negative weak solutions u of inequality (*)
in the whole space

ℝ
×

ℝ
n

${{\mathbb {R}} \times \mathbb {R}^n}$

in the case when

v
≡
0

${v\equiv 0}$

. All the results obtained are new and sharp.