bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fatality Following Ingestion of the Designer Drug Meta‐Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) in an Asthmatic—HPLC‐MS/MS Detection in Biofluids and Hair
Authors: Gaillard Yvan P. , Cuquel Anne‐Claire , Boucher Alexandra , Romeuf Ludovic , Bevalot Fabien , Prevosto Jen‐Michel , Menard Jean‐Marie 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA 20‐year‐old man, a cocaine addict and regular ecstasy user, with a medical history of allergic asthma died after ingesting half a tablet earlier the same day. The white tablet, stamped with a “smiling sun” logo looked very much like an ecstasy tablet and was sold as such. He experienced a severe asthma attack just after ingesting the half tablet and it evolved over the next few hours into fatal cardiorespiratory arrest. Biological samples, taken after embalming, were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). Analysis revealed meta‐chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) in concentrations of 45.8 mg in a similar tablet obtained later from the drug dealer, 5.1 ng/mL in the bile, 0.3 ng/g in the liver, 15.0 ng/mL in the urine, and its absence in a hair sample (<0.02 ng/mg), which indicated he was not a regular user (whereas strong concentrations of MDMA and cocaine were found in the hair). Interrogated by the police after his arrest, the dealer said that he had sold the victim and for the very first time two tablets with the same “smiling sun” logo. The tablet used for analysis was from the same brand as the one ingested by the victim. The autopsy excluded other causes of death, while the histological analyses showed a large number of polynuclear eosinophils in the bronchial walls, confirming the asthmatic pathology. None of the other organs examined (larynx, liver, heart, adrenal glands, and kidneys) showed any distinctive signs, and in particular no inflammatory infiltrate. The death was the result of an asthma attack in an asthmatic person, violently decompensated following ingestion of approximately 20 mg of mCPP.
Early warning signals also precede non‐catastrophic transitions
Authors: Kéfi Sonia , Dakos Vasilis , Scheffer Marten , Van Nes Egbert H. , Rietkerk Max 
Published: September 2012

SynthesisThe quickly expanding literature on early warning signals for critical transitions in ecosystems suggests that critical slowing down is a key phenomenon to measure the distance to a tipping point in ecosystems. Such work is broadly misinterpreted as showing that slowing down is specific to tipping points. In this contribution, we show why this is not the case. Early warning signals based on critical slowing down indicate a broader class of situations where a system becomes increasingly sensitive to perturbations.Ecosystem responses to external changes can surprise us by their abruptness and irreversibility. Models have helped identifying indicators of impending catastrophic shifts, referred to as ‘generic early warning signals’. These indicators are linked to a phenomenon known as ‘critical slowing down’ which describes the fact that the recovery rate of a system after a perturbation decreases when the system approaches a bifurcation – such as the classical fold bifurcation associated to catastrophic shifts. However, contrary to what has sometimes been suggested in the literature, a decrease in recovery rate cannot be considered as specific to approaching catastrophic shifts. Here, we analyze the behavior of early warning signals based on critical slowing down in systems approaching a range of catastrophic and non‐catastrophic situations. Our results show that slowing down generally happens in situations where a system is becoming increasingly sensitive to external perturbations, independently of whether the impeding change is catastrophic or not. These results highlight that indicators specific to catastrophic shifts are still lacking. More importantly, they also imply that in systems where we have no reason to expect catastrophic transitions, slowing down may still be used in a more general sense as a warning signal for a potential decrease in stability.
Expectations associated with the use of music in neonatal intensive care: A survey from the viewpoint of parents
Authors: Pölkki Tarja , Korhonen Anne , Laukkala Helena 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose.The purpose of this study was to describe parents' expectations concerning the use of music in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to reveal any related background factors.Design and Methods.A cross‐sectional, descriptive, and correlational design guided a survey of 197 parents from five NICUs in Finland.Results.Most parents agreed that the preferred music could have positive effects on the infants, staff, and parents in the NICU.Practice Implications.When nurses consider making use of music in the NICU, it is also important to take into account the parents' viewpoints.
Gender differences in associations between parental problem drinking and early adolescents' Internet addiction
Authors: Jang Mi Heui , Ji Eun Sun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurposeThe purpose was to examine gender differences between parental problem drinking (PPD) and early adolescents' Internet addiction (IA).Design and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, correlational design with 519 (266 boys and 253 girls) early adolescents.ResultsPPD had a significant direct effect on IA in boys but not in girls. Significant indirect effects of PPD on IA were evidenced via anxiety‐depression and aggression for boys and via family function and aggression for girls.Practice ImplicationsFindings suggest that tailored interventions for the prevention of IA should consider gender.
Effect of small-scale density perturbations on the formation of dark matter halo profiles
Authors: Pilipenko S. V. , Doroshkevich A. G. , Lukash V. N. , Mikheeva E. V. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
With the help of a set of toy N-body models of dark halo formation, we study the impact of small-scale initial perturbations on the inner density profiles of haloes. We find a significant flattening of the inner slope to α=−0.5 in some range of scales and amplitudes of the perturbations (while in the case of absence of these perturbations, the Navarro–Frenk–White profile with α=−1 is reproduced). This effect may be responsible for the formation of cuspless galactic haloes.
Notes on Casmara agronomaMeyrick (Lepidoptera, Oecophoridae) in Korea
Authors: Byun Bong‐Kyu , Park Young Mi , Kim Sora , Lee Bong‐Woo , Bang Namsik 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we report C. agronoma Meyrick for the first time from South Korea. Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided, with brief comments on distribution and biology.
Antibacterial effect of extracts of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae against Gram‐negative bacteria
Authors: Choi Won‐Hyung , Yun Ji‐Hye , Chu Jong‐Phil , Chu Ki‐Back 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLarvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens are well‐known fly larvae that inhabit many countries around the world. Antimicrobial agents derived from the larvae may be among the substances that are produced in the body for their survival. This study was carried out to identify the antimicrobial effects of H. illucens larvae that commonly inhabit animal waste and food waste. To evaluate the pharmacological effects of H. illucens larvae extracts, the larvae were extracted by various organic solvents, and their antibacterial effects were determined by antimicrobial methods, such as agar disk diffusion and turbidometric assays. The methanol extracts (ME) indicated antibacterial effects against the proliferation of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Shigella sonnei. However, antibacterial effects were not induced in Gram‐positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mutans and Sarcina lutea. The bacterial growth treated with ME was strongly inhibited from 20 mg/mL in a dose‐dependent manner compared with other extracts, and antibacterial activity gradually decreased after 24 h. Moreover, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of ME against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Shigella sonnei for 12 h were measured as 44.74 mg/mL, 43.98 mg/mL and 43.96 mg/mL, respectively. These results demonstrate that ME of H. illucens larvae not only has antibacterial activity which strongly inhibits the growth and proliferation of the bacteria but also unique properties which effectively block the viability of the bacteria.
The caddisfly genus OecetisMcLachlan (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Korea
Authors: Lee Song Ji , Hwang Jung Hoon , Bae Yeon Jae 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe leptocerid caddisfly genus Oecetis (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) is reviewed in Korea. It includes four species newly recorded from the Korean Peninsula: Oecetis dilata Yang and Morse, Oe. notata (Rambur), Oe. caucula Yang and Morse, and Oe. antennata (Martynov), and three species newly recorded from South Korea, Oe. nigropunctata (Ulmer), Oe. testacea kumanskii Yang and Morse, and Oe. yukii Tsuda. The female of Oe. antennata (Martynov) is described for the first time. Male and female keys to the Korean Oecetis species, synonyms, redescriptions, diagnoses, distributions, taxonomic remarks, and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided.
Genetic diversity of the dung beetle, Copris tripartitus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), that is endangered in Korea
Authors: Kang Ah Rang , Kim Ki‐Gyoung , Park Joong Won , Kim Iksoo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe dung beetle, Copris tripartitus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is an endangered insect in Korea. In order to establish a conservation strategy, a preliminary investigation on the genetic diversity of Korean populations was performed using mitochondrial COI (658 bp), CytB (433 bp), and nuclear ITS2 (411 nucleotide positions). Sequencing of 69 individuals collected from five localities showed substantially higher variability (5.02% for COI, 4.62% for CytB, and 8.03% for ITS2). The resulting networks for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes exhibited two star‐like phylogenies, which might indicate that Korean populations have recently expended from two small populations. The ITS2 network, which was presented in the form of a star‐like phylogeny, confirmed that a recent population expansion occurred. Considering the high genetic diversity and gene flow in C. tripartitus populations, one issue regarding conservation seems to be the recovery of previous habitats.
Age estimates based on aspartic acid racemization for bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) harvested in 1998–2000 and the relationship between racemization rate and body temperature
Authors: Rosa Cheryl , Zeh Judith , Craig George J. , Botta Oliver , Zauscher Melanie , Bada Jeffrey , O'Hara Todd M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFifty‐two eyes were collected and analyzed to estimate ages of 42 bowhead whales using the aspartic acid racemization aging technique. Between‐eye and within‐eye variance components for the ratio of the D and L optical isomers (D/L ratio) were estimated via analysis of variance using multiple measurements from nine whales with both eyes sampled and analyzed. For whales with more than one (D/L)act value, an inverse variance weighted average of the values was used as (D/L)act for the whale. Racemization rate (kAsp) and D/L ratio at birth (D/L)0 were estimated using (D/L)act from 27 bowhead whales with age estimates based on baleen or ovarian corpora data and two term fetuses. The estimates were kAsp = 0.977 × 10−3/yr and (D/L)0 = 0.0250. The nonlinear least squares analysis that produced these estimates also estimated female age at sexual maturity as ASM = 25.86 yr. SE(age) was estimated via a bootstrap that took into account the SE of (D/L)act and the variances and covariance of kAsp and (D/L)0. One male exceeded 100 yr of age; the oldest female was 88. A strong linear relationship between kAsp and body temperature was estimated by combining bowhead data with independent data from studies of humans and fin whales. Using this relationship, we estimated kAsp and ASM for North Atlantic minke whales.
Physicochemical, Microstructural, and Antibacterial Properties of β‐Chitosan and Kudzu Starch Composite Films
Authors: Zhong Yu , Li Yunfei , Zhao Yanyun 
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  This study investigated physicochemical, microstructural, and antibacterial properties of β‐chitosan–kudzu starch composite films with addition of 0%, 20%, 60%, or 100% kudzu starch (w starch/w chitosan) in 1% chitosan solution. Molecular interactions between chitosan and kudzu starch and the crystal structure of the films were also determined. Adding 60% kudzu starch reduced water vapor permeability and solubility of pure β‐chitosan film by about 15% and 20%, respectively, whereas mechanical strength and flexibility of the film were increased about 50% and 25%, respectively. Micrograph showed that β‐chitosan film was totally amorphous, and the composite films generally became rougher with more starch added. Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction spectra showed that the 2 film‐forming components were compatible with each other. Pure β‐chitosan film resulted in 9.5 and 11.5 log CFU/mL reduction in Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua based on plate count method, respectively. Addition of kudzu starch reduced the antibacterial activity of film, but still achieved 8.3 and 10.3 log CFU/mL reduction in E. coli and L. innocua, respectively when kudzu starch to chitosan weight ratio was 1:1. Reduced antibacterial activity might attribute to the interaction of amino groups in β‐chitosan with the hydroxyl groups in kudzu starch. This study demonstrated that kudzu starch effectively improved water barrier of β‐chitosan film, and the composite films retained strong antibacterial ability.Practical Application:  One percent of β‐chitosan containing 60% kudzu starch (w/w chitosan) composite films possessed better mechanical and water barrier properties than pure β‐chitosan films, and showed strong antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The films may be used as wraps or coatings to prolong the shelf life of different foods or other similar applications.
Quality of life and psychological well‐being among endodontic patients: a case‐control study
Authors: Liu P , McGrath C , Cheung GSP 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground:  Much is already known about the consequences of endodontic disease from clinicians’ perspectives; a significant omission is an understanding from patients’ perspectives. This study aimed to determine oral health‐related quality of life (OHQoL) and psychological distress among subjects referred for endodontic care compared to patients in periodontal maintenance.Methods:  This was a case‐control study involving 200 patients; 100 patients requiring endodontic treatment and 100 control subjects (periodontal maintenance patients). OHQoL was assessed using the short form Oral Health Impact Profile measure (OHIP‐14) and psychological well‐being using the short form of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12). Variations in OHIP‐14 and GHQ‐12 scores between the ‘case’ and ‘control’ group were determined, and the magnitude of such differences through effect size (ES) calculations.Results:  There were significant differences in OHIP‐14 summary scores between the case and control groups (p < 0.001) and significant differences across all seven domain scores (p < 0.05). The ES was moderate (0.63) with respect to summary OHIP‐14 scores. There were also significant differences in GHQ‐12 scores between the case and control groups (p < 0.05), but the ES was small (0.36).Conclusions:  OHQoL and psychological well‐being is compromised among patients seeking endodontic treatment, and to a greater magnitude than patients in periodontal maintenance.
Impact of ADMA (asymmetric dimethylarginine) on physiology with respect to diabetes mellitus and respiratory system BEAS-2B cells (human bronchial epithelial cells)
Authors: Galal Omneya , Podlogar Julia , Verspohl Eugen J 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a non-selective nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate ADMA with respect to both diabetes and respiratory disease.

Methods
Glucose was determined by hexokinase method, insulin by a radioimmunoassay. Griess test was used for NO assay and cytokinines were assayed by ELISA. Ciliary beat frequency was determined by high speed video using a microscope.

Key findings
ADMA induced an increase in blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in rats; the ratio of these effects indicates the induction of a diabetic situation (insulin resistance). l-arginine increased blood glucose and initially slightly decreased plasma insulin. A pretreatment with ADMA abolished these effects. ADMA shows similar effects in vitro (insulin-secreting cell line, INS-1 cells). l-arginine increased production of NO, which was reversed by ADMA (INS-1 cells). ADMA also reduced NO production positively modulated by various substances, namely metformin, ciglitazone, losartan and nateglinide, but nevertheless inhibited insulin release induced by these compounds. ADMA stimulated the production of cytokines such as interleukin (IL-6) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) (rat IL-8 analogue) from INS-1 cells. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a direct adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK) activator and anti-inflammatory agent, induced NO production and reduced cytokine release. In contrast to diabetes parameters, ADMA had no effect of on the respiratory system (cytokine secretion from BEAS-2B cells (IL-8, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, and tumour necrosis factor-α), ciliary beat frequency and smooth muscle contraction of rat trachea).

Conclusions
ADMA has a pathophysiological impact leading to a diabetic situation but has no impact on the respiratory system.
Antecedents and consequences of situational interest
Authors: Linnenbrink‐Garcia Lisa , Patall Erika A. , Messersmith Emily E. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundThere is a growing body of research on situational interest (SI). Yet, we still know relatively little about how SI is supported in the classroom and the academic benefits of SI.AimThe current study investigated (1) contextual antecedents of SI; (2) potential benefits of SI for academic outcomes; and (3) SI as a mediator of classroom practices to academic outcomes.SampleParticipants were 126 male and female adolescents (mean age = 14.6 years) who took part in a science course during a 3‐week residential summer programme for talented adolescents.MethodParticipants completed self‐report measures prior to the start of the summer programme and at the end of the programme. Summer programme instructors completed ratings of students' engagement during the programme.ResultMultiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the three study aims. After controlling for initial individual interest, perceived choice, instructor approachability, and course connections to real life were statistically significant predictors of SI during the summer programme, with varying associations observed based on the form of SI (triggered, maintained‐feeling, and maintained‐value). SI was positively related to individual interest and perceived competence in science at the end of the programme as well as teacher‐rated engagement; SI also mediated the associations of classroom practices with these outcomes.ConclusionResults suggest that classroom practices shape SI. In turn, SI supports motivation and engagement. Moreover, differentiated antecedents and outcomes of the three sub‐components of SI were identified, highlighting the utility of this three‐component approach for studying SI.
Epistemological and methodological significance of quantitative studies of psychomotor activity for the explanation of clinical depression
Authors: Terziivanova Petya , Haralanov Svetlozar 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesPsychomotor disturbances have been regarded as cardinal symptoms of depression for centuries and their objective assessment may have predictive value with respect to the severity of clinical depression, treatment outcome and prognosis of the affective disorder.MethodsMontgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM‐A). Psychomotor indicators of activity and reactivity were objectively recorded and measured by means of computerized ultrasonographic craniocorpography.ResultsWe found a statistically significant correlation between disturbances in psychomotor indicators and MADRS total score (r = 0.4; P < 0.0001). The severity of HAM‐A total score had no statistically significant correlation with psychomotor indicators (P > 0.05). We found that different items of MADRS and HAM‐A correlated with psychomotor disturbances of different strength and significance. Objectively, measured psychomotor retardation was associated with greater severity of depressive symptoms assessed at the clinical level.ConclusionsIntegration between different methods is needed in order to improve understanding of the psychopathology and the neurobiology of a disputable diagnosis such as clinical depression.
Body site matters: an evaluation and application of a novel histological methodology on the quantification of mucous cells in the skin of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
Authors: Pittman K , Pittman A , Karlson S , Cieplinska T , Sourd P , Redmond K , Ravnøy B , Sweetman E 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMucous cell size and distribution were investigated in the skin of five salmon using a novel stereology‐based methodology: one (48 cm) fish to test 15 tissue treatment combinations on measures of cell area and density on the dorsolateral region and, using the most suitable treatment, we mapped mucous cell differences between body regions on four (52 cm) salmon, comprising a male and a female on each of two diets. The section site, decalcification, embedding medium and plane of sectioning all impacted significantly on mucous cell size, whereas mucous cell density is more robust. There were highly significant differences in both mucosal density and mean mucous cell size depending on body site: the dorsolateral skin of the four salmon had significantly denser (about 8% of skin area) and larger (mean about 160 μm2) mucous cells, whereas the lowest mean density (about 4%) and smallest mean area (115 μm2) were found on the head. We found that 100 random measurements may be sufficient to distinguish differences >7 μm2 in mean mucous cell areas. The results further suggest that salmon exhibit a dynamic repeatable pattern of mucous cell development influenced by sex, diet and possibly strain and season.