bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioabsorbable polymer‐coated sirolimus‐eluting stent implantation preserves coronary vasomotion: A DESSOLVE II trial sub‐study
Authors: Rusinaru Dan , Vrolix Mathias , Verheye Stefan , Chowdhary Saqib , Schoors Danny , Di Mario Carlo , Desmet Walter , Donohoe Dennis J. , Ormiston John A. , Knape Charlene , Bezerra Hiram , Lansky Alexandra , Wijns William ,   on behalf of the DESSOLVE II Investigators
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesWe studied coronary vasomotion in patients treated with the Mistent® absorbable polymer sirolimus‐eluting stent (APSES) and in patients implanted with the Endeavor® zotarolimus‐eluting stent (ZES).BackgroundFirst generation (1st‐gen) drug‐eluting stents (DES) induce persistent vasomotor dysfunction in the treated coronary artery. It is unknown whether and to what extent the implantation of an absorbable polymer DES impairs coronary vasomotion.MethodsThis sub‐study of the DESSOLVE II trial included 19 APSES Mistent® and 10 ZES Endeavor® patients. Incremental atrial pacing and quantitative coronary angiography were used to assess vasomotion proximal and distal to the stent and in a reference segment at 9 months after implantation. Percent changes in vessel diameter with pacing versus baseline were calculated and compared. Vasomotor response of the APSES group was also compared with changes observed in a historical group of 17 patients implanted with a 1st‐gen sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES).ResultsNormal vasomotion (vasodilatation) was preserved and of comparable magnitude in the APSES and in the ZES group both proximally (P = 0.34) and distally (P = 0.38) to the stent. This finding was not observed in the 1st‐gen SES group showing marked pacing‐induced vasoconstriction at both stent edges (P < 0.05 vs. APSES). The results were practically unchanged after excluding patients with absolute changes in vessel diameter <3% between baseline and maximal pacing.ConclusionsThe implantation of an absorbable polymer sirolimus‐eluting stent is associated with preserved coronary vasomotion, comparable to that observed after implantation of the Endeavor® ZES, and distinct from 1st‐gen SES which induce coronary vasomotor dysfunction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Midgut volvulus presenting with acute chylous peritonitis
Authors: Pai Ajit , Park John J. , Marecik Slawomir J. , Prasad Leela M. 
Published: July 2014

Key Clinical messageMidgut volvulus can rarely present with acute chylous peritonitis. Common etiologies for chylous ascites need to be excluded before this diagnosis is made. Correction of the volvulus and peritoneal lavage suffice as treatment.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) mistaken for pancreatic pseudocyst – case report and literature review
Authors: de Assis Pereira Hansen Cristiano , José Fábio Freire , Caluz Naiara Pedrassi Engracia Garcia 
Published: July 2014

Key Clinical MessageA 74‐year‐old female patient underwent a Roux‐en‐Y cystjejunostomy for pancreatic pseudocyst developed several melena episodes and she was surgically reappraised. The main diagnostic concern was a pancreatic cystic neoplasm. A 12 × 8.0 × 5.0 cm retro‐gastric lesion was resected and pathology report indicated an unsuspected gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The report aimed to describe an atypical presentation of GIST.
A Highly Efficient Sunlight Driven ZnO Nanosheet Photocatalyst: Synergetic Effect of P‐Doping and MoS2 Atomic Layer Loading
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Xie Shufan , Li Hui , Wang Xianying 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA novel kind of highly efficient photocatalyst composed of ultrathin P‐doped ZnO nanosheets decorated with atomic MoS2 layers is reported. Under natural sunlight, 95 % of the organic dyes can be degraded within six minutes. The photodegradation rate constant reaches up to 1.413 min−1, which is 3.4 times larger than that of commercial P25 under the same reaction conditions. The superior photocatalytic activity of the hybrid photocatalyst can be attributed to the synergetic effects of many advantages, including enhanced light adsorption efficiency, suppression of charge recombination, improvement of interfacial charge transfer, and an increase in the number of reaction sites.
Electrochemical Activation of Carbon–Halogen Bonds: Electrocatalysis at Palladium–Copper Nanoparticles
Authors: Durante Christian , Perazzolo Valentina , Isse Abdirisak Ahmed , Favaro Marco , Granozzi Gaetano , Gennaro Armando 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPalladised Cu nanoparticles (Pd–Cu NPs) supported on glassy carbon are synthesised through electrolytic deposition of Cu followed by galvanic displacement of Cu with Pd. The electrodes are characterised by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, which show that although the composition of the NPs depends on the deposition time of Pd, Cu is always the main component, whereas Pd is preferentially limited to the uppermost layer of the nanoparticle surface. The reductive cleavage of a series of organic chlorides is investigated at Cu, Pd, Cu NPs and Pd–Cu NPs both in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and DMF/H2O (3:1 v/v). A strong dependence of the electrocatalytic properties of the electrodes on the mechanism of dissociative electron transfer (DET) is observed in pure DMF; moderate electrocatalysis is found for the reduction of all alkyl halides undergoing concerted DET, whereas no appreciable catalysis is observed for the reduction of aromatic chlorides, which undergo stepwise DET. However, addition of H2O remarkably enhances the catalytic activity of the metals. In DMF/H2O, all investigated compounds are catalytically reduced at Cu, Cu NPs and Pd–Cu NPs with good‐to‐excellent catalytic activities.
Localized Crystallization of Enantiomeric Organic Compounds on Chiral Micro‐patterns from Various Organic Solutions
Authors: Lingenfelder Magalí , Bejarano‐Villafuerte Ángela , van der Meijden Maarten W. , Kellogg Richard M. , Amabilino David B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe controlled crystallization of enantiomers of an organic compound (a cyclic phosphoric acid derivative) on templated micro‐patterned functionalised surfaces is demonstrated. Areas where a complementary chiral thiol has been located were effective heterogeneous nucleation centres when a solution of the compound is evaporated slowly. Various organic solvents were employed, which present a challenge with respect to other examples when water is used. The solvent and the crystallization method have an important influence on the crystal growth of these compounds. When chloroform was employed, well‐defined crystals grow away from the surface, whereas crystals grow in the plane from solutions in isopropanol. In both cases, nucleation is confined to the polar patterned regions of the surface, and for isopropanol growth is largely limited within the pattern, which shows the importance of surface chemistry for nucleation and growth. The apparent dependence on the enantiomer used in the latter case could imply stereo‐differentiation as a result of short‐range interactions (the templating monolayer is disordered, even at the nanometre scale). The size of the pattern of chiral monolayer also determines the outcome of the crystallization; 5 μm dots are most effective. Despite the low surface tension of the samples (relative to the high surface tension of water), differential solvation of the polar and hydrophobic layers of the solvents allows crystallization in the polar regions of the monolayer, therefore the polarity of the regions in which heterogeneous nucleation takes place is indeed very important. Despite the complex nature of the crystallization process, these results are an important step towards to the use of patterned surfaces for heterogeneous selective nucleation of enantiomers.
Multistep π Dimerization of Tetrakis(n‐decyl)heptathienoacene Radical Cations: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Ferrón Cristina Capel , Capdevila‐Cortada Marçal , Balster Russell , Hartl František , Niu Weijun , He Mingqian , Novoa Juan J. , López Navarrete Juan T. , Hernández Víctor , Ruiz Delgado M. Carmen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRadical cations of a heptathienoacene α,β‐substituted with four n‐decyl side groups (D4T7.+) form exceptionally stable π‐dimer dications already at ambient temperature (Chem. Comm. 2011, 47, 12622). This extraordinary π‐dimerization process is investigated here with a focus on the ultimate [D4T7.+]2 π‐dimer dication and yet‐unreported transitory species formed during and after the oxidation. To this end, we use a joint experimental and theoretical approach that combines cyclic voltammetry, in situ spectrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry, EPR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. The impact of temperature, thienoacene concentration, and the nature and concentration of counteranions on the π‐dimerization process is also investigated in detail. Two different transitory species were detected in the course of the one‐electron oxidation: 1) a different transient conformation of the ultimate [D4T7.+]2 π‐dimer dications, the stability of which is strongly affected by the applied experimental conditions, and 2) intermediate [D4T7]2.+ π‐dimer radical cations formed prior to the fully oxidized [D4T7]2.+ π‐dimer dications. Thus, this comprehensive work demonstrates the formation of peculiar supramolecular species of heptathienoacene radical cations, the stability, nature, and structure of which have been successfully analyzed. We therefore believe that this study leads to a deeper fundamental understanding of the mechanism of dimer formation between conjugated aromatic systems.
Metal Nanoparticles and Supramolecular Macrocycles: A Tale of Synergy
Authors: Montes‐García Verónica , Pérez‐Juste Jorge , Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this minireview, we summarize current research dealing with the combination of noble‐metal nanoparticles and different families of supramolecular macrocycles (cyclodextrins, cucurbit[n]urils, calixarenes, and pillar[n]arenes). We intended to select relevant publications on the synthesis of noble‐metal nanoparticles with macrocycles acting as capping agents or/and reducing agents, as well as on the post‐synthetic metal‐nanoparticle modification with macrocycles. We also discuss strategies in which supramolecular chemistry is applied to direct the self‐assembly of nanoparticles and formation of polymer composites. We finally describe the main applications of these materials in various fields.
Efficient CO2 Capture and Photoreduction by Amine‐Functionalized TiO2
Authors: Liao Yusen , Cao Shao‐Wen , Yuan Yupeng , Gu Quan , Zhang Zhenyi , Xue Can 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAmine‐functionalization of TiO2 nanoparticles, through a solvothermal approach, substantially increases the affinity of CO2 on TiO2 surfaces through chemisorption. This chemisorption allows for more effective activation of CO2 and charge transfer from excited TiO2, and significantly enhances the photocatalytic rate of CO2 reduction into methane and CO.
2,6‐Diphospha‐s‐indacene‐1,3,5,7(2 H,6 H)‐tetraone: A Phosphorus Analogue of Aromatic Diimides with the Minimal Core Exhibiting High Electron‐Accepting Ability
Authors: Takeda Youhei , Nishida Takuya , Minakata Satoshi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPhosphorus analogues of pyrromellitic diimides (PyDIs), which represent a family of privileged electron‐accepting organic compounds, have been successfully synthesized as novel electron‐accepting π‐conjugated molecules. Investigation into their physicochemical properties uncovered their prominent electron‐accepting abilities over the corresponding PyDI. Furthermore, theoretical studies revealed the significant contribution of σ*–π* hyperconjugation in stabilizing the LUMO+1.
Energetic Tuning by tRNA Modifications Ensures Correct Decoding of Isoleucine and Methionine on the Ribosome
Authors: Satpati Priyadarshi , Bauer Paul , Åqvist Johan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractChemical modifications of tRNAs are critical for accurate translation of the genetic code on the ribosome. The discrimination between isoleucine (AUA) and methionine (AUG) codons depends on such modifications of the wobble position in isoleucine tRNA anticodon loops, in all kingdoms of life. Bacteria and archaea employ functionally similar lysine‐ and agmatine‐conjugated cytidine derivatives to ensure decoding fidelity, but the thermodynamics underlying codon discrimination remains unknown. Here, we report structure‐based computer simulations that quantitatively reveal the energetics of this decoding strategy in archaea. The results further show that the agmatidine modification confers tRNA specificity primarily by desolvation of the incorrect codon in the non‐cognate complex. Tautomerism is found to play no significant role in this decoding system as the usual amino form of the modified tRNA is by far the most stable.
Longitudinal data analysis using the conditional empirical likelihood method
Authors: Han Peisong , Song Peter X.‐K. , Wang Lu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper studies a new approach to longitudinal data analysis using the conditional empirical likelihood (CEL) method within the framework of marginal models. The possible unbalanced follow‐up visits are dealt with via stratification according to distinctive follow‐up patterns. The CEL method does not require any explicit modelling of the variance–covariance of the longitudinal outcomes. Instead, it implicitly incorporates a consistently estimated variance–covariance matrix in a nonparametric fashion. The proposed CEL estimator is connected to the generalized estimating equations (GEE) estimator, and achieves the same efficiency as the GEE estimator employing the true variance–covariance. The asymptotic distribution of the CEL estimator is derived, and simulation studies are conducted to assess the finite sample performance. Data collected from a longitudinal nutrition study are analysed as an application.The Canadian Journal of Statistics42: 404–422; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
Exploring Directional Invasion of Serum Nuclease into siRNA Duplexes by Asymmetrical Terminal Modifications
Authors: Huang Ye , Ma Yuan , Guo Yujia , Zou Lang , Jin Hongwei , Zhong Lijun , Wu Yun , Zhang Lihe , Yang Zhenjun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this study we demonstrated that ribonuclease A (RNase A) can recognize the thermodynamic asymmetry of siRNA duplexes, similar to other proteins involved in siRNA function such as argonaute 2. RNase A preferentially invades the siRNA duplex through the less stable terminus, i.e., the 3′ terminus of the sense strand. As evidence, only phosphorothioate (PS) modification at the sense strand overhang improved serum stability, whereas PS modification at the antisense strand overhang did not affect stability. Moreover, the improvement in stability caused by modification at the sense strand overhang was found to correlate with the terminal base pair composition of the siRNA. Gel electrophoresis and MALDI‐TOF MS analysis indicated that modifications at the sense strand overhang improved the serum stability of siRNAs by inhibiting the directional invasion of RNase A. The blocking effect was not brought about by stabilization of the siRNA duplexes because there was no clear difference between the melting temperatures of siRNAs with PS modifications at each 3′ overhang.
Preparation and Properties of Clickable Amino Analogues of the Duocarmycins: Factors That Affect the Efficiency of Their Fluorescent Labelling of DNA
Authors: Tercel Moana , McManaway Sarah P. , Liyanage H. D. Sarath , Pruijn Frederik B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHerein we report the synthesis of three DNA‐alkylating amino analogues of the duocarmycins that carry an alkyne functional group suitable for copper‐catalysed click chemistry. The alkyne‐containing substituents are connected via a side chain position which projects away from the minor groove, and have only a small effect on DNA alkylation and cytotoxicity. The efficiency of click reactions with fluorophore azides was studied using alkylated ctDNA by analysing the adenine adducts produced after thermal depurination. Click reactions “on DNA” were sensitive to steric effects (tether length to the alkyne) and, surprisingly, to the nature of the fluorophore azide. With the best combination of click partners and reagents, adducts could be detected in the nuclei of treated cells by microscopy or flow cytometry, provided that an appropriate detergent (Triton X‐100 and not Tween 20) was used for permeabilisation. The method is sensitive enough to detect adducts at physiologically relevant concentrations, and could have application in the development of nitro analogues of the duocarmycins as hypoxia‐activated anticancer prodrugs.
Variation in treatment associated with life expectancy in a population‐based cohort of men with early‐stage prostate cancer
Authors: Daskivich Timothy J. , Lai Julie , Dick Andrew W. , Setodji Claude M. , Hanley Janet M. , Litwin Mark S. , Saigal Christopher ,   on behalf of the Urologic Diseases in America Project
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDMen with major comorbidities are at risk for overtreatment of prostate cancer due to uncertainty regarding their life expectancy. We sought to characterize life expectancy and treatment in a population‐based cohort of men with differing ages and comorbidity burdens at diagnosis.METHODSWe sampled 96,032 men aged ≥66 years with early‐stage prostate cancer who had Gleason scores ≤7 and were diagnosed during 1991 to 2007 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare database. We calculated cumulative incidence of other‐cause mortality and determined treatment patterns among subgroups defined by age and Charlson comorbidity index scores.RESULTSOverall, life expectancy was <10 years (10‐year other‐cause mortality rate, >50%) for 50,049 of 96,032 men (52%). Life expectancy differed by age and comorbidity score and was <10 years for men ages 66 to 69 years with Charlson scores ≥2, for men ages 70 to 74 years with Charlson scores ≥1, and for all men ages 75 to 79 years and ≥80 years. Among those who had a life expectancy <10 years, treatment was aggressive (surgery, radiation, or brachytherapy) for 68% of men aged 66 to 69 years, 69% of men aged 70 to 74 years, 57% of men aged 75 to 79 years, and 24% of men aged ≥80 years. Among these men, aggressive treatment was predominantly radiation therapy (50%, 53%, 63%, and 69%, respectively) and less frequently was surgery (30%, 25%, 13%, and 9%, respectively). Multivariate models revealed little variation in the probability of aggressive treatment by comorbidity status within age subgroups despite substantial differences in mortality.CONCLUSIONSMen aged <80 years at diagnosis who have life expectancies <10 years often receive aggressive treatment for low‐risk and intermediate‐risk prostate cancer, mostly with radiation therapy. Cancer 2014;120:3642–3650. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Wilms tumor 1/cytokeratin dual‐color immunostaining reveals distinctive staining patterns in metastatic melanoma, metastatic carcinoma, and mesothelial cells in pleural fluids: An effective first‐line test for the workup of malignant effusions
Authors: Conner James R. , Cibas Edmund S. , Hornick Jason L. , Qian Xiaohua 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDThe workup of a malignant effusion usually requires immunostaining with a panel of markers. Although nuclear Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) expression is widely used to detect tumors of ovarian and mesothelial origin, it is less well known that WT1 is also expressed in the cytoplasm of melanomas and mesenchymal tumors. Because to the authors' knowledge the diagnostic utility of cytoplasmic WT1 expression has not been explored to date, the usefulness of a WT1/AE1/AE3 dual‐color immunostain in the workup of malignant effusions was evaluated.METHODSA total of 86 pleural effusions, including 17 metastatic melanomas, 31 metastatic adenocarcinomas, 10 malignant mesotheliomas, 10 lymphoproliferative disorders, 5 metastatic sarcomas, and 13 benign specimens, were immunostained using a peroxidase‐based brown chromogen for WT1 and an alkaline phosphatase‐based red chromogen for AE1/AE3 on cell block sections.RESULTSThe majority of malignant effusions stained in 1 of 4 distinctive patterns: 1) all lung and breast adenocarcinomas demonstrated cytoplasmic AE1/AE3 expression without nuclear or cytoplasmic WT1 expression; 2) serous carcinomas of Müllerian origin, mesotheliomas, and benign mesothelial cells were positive for cytoplasmic AE1/AE3 as well as nuclear WT1; 3) melanomas, sarcomas, and a subset of plasma cell neoplasms were positive for cytoplasmic expression of WT1 but negative for AE1/AE3; and 4) large B‐cell lymphomas and a subset of plasma cell neoplasms were negative for both markers.CONCLUSIONSA WT1/AE1/AE3 dual‐color immunostain can reliably identify malignancy in pleural effusions and group malignant cells into discrete subsets, thereby narrowing the differential diagnosis. This simple double stain can be a cost‐effective, first‐line test in the workup of patients with malignant effusions. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:586–595. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Implications of the Unpaired Spins in Li–O2 Battery Chemistry and Electrochemistry: A Minireview
Authors: Lau Kah Chun , Lu Jun , Luo Xiangyi , Curtiss Larry A. , Amine Khalil 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRecent experimental and theoretical reports suggest that the valence states of oxygen species residing in the Li–O2 cell discharge products can be very complex. The Li–O2 discharge products may consist of composite structures of Li/O2 compounds, such as Li2O2, O‐rich Li2O2, LiO2‐like superoxide, and Li2O, which can be both crystalline and amorphous phase. Some impurities can also be present owing to undesired parasitic reactions associated with electrolyte decomposition. In particular, the observation of unpaired spins associated with Li–O2 discharge products may be because of the oxygen‐rich environment of the Li–O2 cell, which results in reduced oxygen radical species (e.g., O2−, LiO2, etc.). The presence of unpaired spins in Li–O2 cell products can have a significant impact on electrolyte stability and cell performance (e.g., overpotential, electrical conductivity). Besides standard ex situ experimental characterization, accurate and robust in situ experimental characterizations (e.g., EPR, NMR, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy) in combination with well‐controlled materials synthesis techniques are further needed to probe the time‐evolution reaction mechanism of these unpaired electron spins within the Li–O2 cell environment for better materials understanding and future Li–O2 battery design.
Structure‐Dependent Selective Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes over Platinum Nanocrystals Decorated with Nickel
Authors: Jiang Zhi , Zhao Yonghui , Kong Lingzhao , Liu Ziyu , Zhu Yan , Sun Yuhan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe shape sensitivity of monometallic Pt and bimetallic PtNi nanocrystals in α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is studied by using a cubic shape enclosed by six {100} facets as well as an octahedral shape surrounded by eight {111} facets. Compared with monometallic Pt and bimetallic PtNi cubic/octahedral shapes, Pt3Ni cubes enhanced the selective hydrogenation of the CO double bond and suppressed the selective hydrogenation of the CC double bond of the α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde. The Pt, Pt3Ni, or PtNi octahedral shape is an unfavorable structure for CO hydrogenation and enables the activation of the whole conjugated system of the molecule, which leads to complete hydrogenation to form the saturated alcohol product. The synergistic effects of the surface structure and electronic properties of Pt or PtNi nanocrystals play a key role in controlling the selective hydrogenation of CC and CO bonds of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.