bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case-Based, Problem-Based Learning Approach to Prepare Master of Public Health Candidates for the Complexities of Global Health
Authors: Leon Juan S. , Winskell Kate , McFarland Deborah A. , Rio Carlos del 
Published: February 2015

Global health is a dynamic, emerging, and interdisciplinary field. To address current and emerging global health challenges, we need a public health workforce with adaptable and collaborative problem-solving skills. In the 2013–2014 academic year, the Hubert Department of Global Health at the Rollins School of Public Health–Emory University launched an innovative required core course for its first-year Master of Public Health students in the global health track. The course uses a case-based, problem-based learning approach to develop global health competencies. Small teams of students propose solutions to these problems by identifying learning issues and critically analyzing and synthesizing new information. We describe the course structure and logistics used to apply this approach in the context of a large class and share lessons learned.
Curriculum Revitalization Initiative at Tulane
Authors: White LuAnn 
Published: February 2015

Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine launched its curriculum revitalization initiative to examine the Master of Public Health degrees (MPH). The initiative will enhance excellence in MPH education and incorporate innovative teaching approaches. Taskforces determined the MPH core should provide the foundation for public health, integrate knowledge across public health areas, and develop skills and methods needed in practice. The MPH is being updated to provide specialized study that builds skills and practical applications based on theory and evidence-based approaches. Eleven graduate certificates were developed to provide a second area of specialization. Practica are viewed as increasingly important for students without practical experience. Teaching methods will incorporate more technology including online modules for a blended classroom approach.
Water and Nitrogen Productivity of Maize under Semiarid Environments
Authors: Hammad Hafiz Mohkum , Ahmad Ashfaq , Abbas Farhat , Farhad Wajid , Cordoba Bernardo Chaves , Hoogenboom Gerrit 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIrrigated agriculture is a facing shortage of water and N in semiarid environments where these inputs are limiting factors for crop production. Experiments were conducted to optimize the water and N requirements for maize (Zea mays L.) under semiarid environmental conditions. Crop physiological and agronomics characteristics were evaluated for three irrigation regimes and five N fertilizer levels during 2009 and 2010. The experiments were conducted in a split‐plot design by triplicating water regimes in the main plots and N levels in the subplots. Total dry matter production and crop growth rate increased with an increase in the N application rate up to 300 kg ha−1 for all irrigation regimes. In contrast, maximum grain yield was achieved with application of 250 kg N ha−1. Polynomial analysis (third order) showed that 275 kg N ha−1 was optimum for grain yield at normal irrigation. Higher amounts of irrigation and N significantly increased water use efficiency (WUE). Since optimal N rates for maximum grain yield was 250 kg ha−1 with 525 mm irrigation water ha−1 during both growing seasons, this may be considered in formulating good agricultural practices for the soil and weather conditions resembling those of this study.
Yield and Forage Value of a Dual‐Purpose bmr‐12 Sorghum Hybrid
Authors: Yerka Melinda K. , Watson Andrea , Toy J. J. , Erickson Galen , Pedersen Jeffrey F. , Mitchell Rob 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTGrain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important crop for rainfed production systems with 2.7 million ha grown in the United States in 2013. The brown‐midrib (bmr) mutations, especially bmr‐12, have resulted in low stover lignin and high fiber digestibility without reducing grain yield in some sorghum lines. However, the effect of the bmr trait on beef cattle (Bos taurus) performance when grazing crop residue is unknown. Our objectives were to validate previous small‐plot results reporting no grain yield difference between near‐isogenic bmr‐12 (BMR) and wild‐type control (CON) A Wheatland × R Tx430 sorghum hybrids in a field‐scale experiment and to determine if BMR stover enhances beef production in a grazing experiment. Four replicated paddocks (2.3 ha) were planted in 2006 and 2008 near Mead, NE. Crossbred yearling steers (240 ± 17 kg hd−1) grazed (2.6 steers ha−1) paddocks following grain harvest for 72 d in 2006 and 61 d in 2008. Forage was sampled 4, 30, and 60 d after grazing began. Grain yield of BMR was 6% less (P = 0.01) than CON with no difference in stover neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, but BMR stover had higher in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD) (31%; P < 0.0001), steer average daily gain (ADG; 0.18 kg hd−1 d−1; P = 0.001), and body weight (BW) gain (29 kg ha−1; P = 0.002), resulting in an estimated increase in net return of $133.84 ha−1 due to BMR. Results suggest that the A Wheatland × R Tx430 bmr‐12 hybrid is an effective dual‐purpose sorghum crop for both grain and beef production.
The Impact of Vaccination on Influenza-Related Respiratory Failure and Mortality in Hospitalized Elderly Patients Over the 2013-2014 Season
Authors: Joshi Manish , Chandra Deepak , Mittadodla Penchala , Bartter Thaddeus 
Published: February 2015

Background :
Seasonal Influenza (“the flu”) is a respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Yearly influenza vaccination is considered to be protective against illness and/or severity of illness and is recommended by CDC for all individuals > 6 months of age. However, the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in older individuals has come under question.

Objectives :
To describe the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients admitted to an academic tertiary care Veterans Administration hospital with influenza during the 2013-2014 influenza season and determine the impact, if any, of prior influenza vaccination upon patient outcomes.

Methods :
Medical electronic records were searched for all patients admitted to the Little Rock Veterans Administration Hospital with proven influenza during the 2013-2014 influenza season. Cohorts of vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients were then compared to determine the impact of prior influenza vaccination upon respiratory-failure and mortality.

Results :
Seventy patients met selection criteria. Mean age was 66 years. Sixty-four (91%) patients had at least one underlying co-morbid condition; these conditions included COPD, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and cancer. 60/70 (85%) tested positive for Influenza A, and 43 tested positive for H1N1. Oseltamivir was initiated in 55 (78%) patients. Forty-four percent of the patients had been vaccinated. When separated by vaccination status, those who had been vaccinated had higher rates of ICU admission, need for mechanical or non-invasive ventilation, and mortality. All but mortality reached statistical significance.

Conclusion :
The data suggest that there was no protective effect from prior vaccination in preventing hospital admission, respiratory failure, and mortality in this population of older men admitted to the hospital with influenza.
Effect of gantacurium on evoked laryngospasm and duration of apnea in anesthetized healthy cats
Authors: Martin-Flores Manuel , Cheetham Jonathan , Campoy Luis , Sakai Daniel M. , Heerdt Paul M. , Gleed Robin D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the ultrashort-acting neuromuscular blocking agent gantacurium can be used to blunt evoked laryngospasm in anesthetized cats and to determine the duration of apnea without hemoglobin desaturation.
ANIMALS 8 healthy adult domestic shorthair cats.
PROCEDURES Each cat was anesthetized with dexmedetomidine and propofol, instrumented with a laryngeal mask, and allowed to breathe spontaneously (fraction of inspired oxygen, 1.0). The larynx was stimulated by spraying sterile water (0.3 mL) at the rima glottidis; a fiberscope placed in the laryngeal mask airway was used to detect evoked laryngospasm. Laryngeal stimulation was performed at baseline; after IV administration of gantacurium at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/kg; and after the effects of the last dose of gantacurium had terminated. Duration of apnea and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (measured by means of pulse oximetry) after each laryngeal stimulation were recorded. Neuromuscular block was monitored throughout the experiment by means of acceleromyography on a pelvic limb.
RESULTS Laryngospasm was elicited in all cats at baseline, after administration of 0.1mg of gantacurium/kg, and after the effects of the last dose of gantacurium had terminated. The 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg doses of gantacurium abolished laryngospasm in 3 and 8 cats, respectively, and induced complete neuromuscular block measured at the pelvic limb; the mean ± SE duration of apnea was 2 ± 1 minutes and 3 ± 1.5 minutes, respectively. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation did not decrease significantly after administration of any dose of gantacurium.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Gantacurium may reduce tracheal intubation-associated morbidity in cats breathing oxygen.
Essai d'égo-histoire
Authors: Lévesque Andrée 
Published: February 2015

Résumé : Cet essai d'égo-histoire suit une trajectoire qui débute avec un goût précoce pour l'histoire, et se poursuit avec l'étude de la géographie, puis de l'histoire : histoire du socialisme et du mouvement ouvrier puis histoire des femmes, en Europe, au Québec et au Canada. Andrée Lévesque a eu la chance de pouvoir concilier son engagement politique et social avec son intérêt pour l'histoire, de lier l'action à la recherche. Ses propres travaux privilégient les sujets à la marge de la politique et de la société, pour révéler les rapports de pouvoir à différents moments du xxe siècle.
Ethique de l'annonce en soins palliatifs : la « vérité » en question
Authors: Clément-Hryniewicz Nathalie 
Published: February 2015

Est-il toujours judicieux d’annoncer à un patient qu’on se dirige vers des soins palliatifs ? Faut-il dire, quelles que soient les circonstances, ce que nous nommons couramment la vérité, même lorsqu’elle risque de faire du mal ? Ne serait-il pas plus humain de ne pas informer pour préserver espoirs et désirs ? Comment imaginer qu’un patient puisse rester « sujet », prendre la bonne décision s’il n’a pas toutes les informations qui lui sont nécessaires ? Si l’annonce de soins palliatifs fait aujourd’hui partie intégrante des soins et s’inscrit comme un devoir au regard de la loi, proche du devoir de vérité prôné par E. Kant elle soulève à bien des égards de nombreuses questions et/ou débats d’ordre éthique. L’annonce de soins palliatifs, entendue par les patients comme « annonce de mort à venir » ou encore de « mort annoncée », n’est jamais bonne à entendre. Elle ne supporte dans ce cadre particulier ni trop de légèreté ni une gravité sans espoir au risque d’être traumatique pour bien des patients. Elle s’inscrit avant tout dans un devoir de loyauté qui demande prudence et circonspection plus que dans un devoir de vérité absolue.
Quatre courts textes sur l'Écriture
Authors: Chapelle Albert 
Published: February 2015

Le dixième anniversaire de la mort du père Albert chapelle (1929-2003) est l’occasion de présenter quatre courts textes inédits tirés de sa lecture des Écritures et de son enseignement à l’Institut d’Études Théologiques à Bruxelles, fondé sous son impulsion en 1968. Ces textes appliquent en vérité l’adage de Vatican II : « que l’Écriture soit comme l’âme de la théologie ». Dans un séminaire consacré à « l’Écriture dans la Tradition », il alerte par deux fois les étudiants sur les enjeux du rapport entre l’esprit et la lettre (présentés par M.-L. Calmeyn). À partir des Exercices spirituels de saint Ignace étudiés théologiquement, il propose une herméneutique scripturaire (présentée par N. Hausman). La méditation de Job lui permet de réfléchir au mystère de la souffrance.
Foi chrétienne et retour du religieux : la position de Joseph Ratzinger
Authors: Torri Elena 
Published: February 2015

À contre-courant de l’air du temps, J. Ratzinger-Benoît XVI rejette le spiritualisme moderne depuis les années soixante. Ce refus se conjoint dans ses écrits avec la critique du rationalisme moderne. Ratzinger discerne en fait — et dénonce — le lien étroit entre l’intellectualisme des Lumières et le relativisme spiritualiste actuel : apparemment à l’opposé, la « foi » fidéiste contemporaine se révèle comme étant l’autre côté de la médaille de la « raison » rationaliste moderne. La thèse de la « corrélation entre foi et raison » que Ratzinger avance rejette cette double normativité qui marque la modernité, en remettant au centre la nature historique, relationnelle, culturelle et donc collective de l’identité humaine.
Hassidisme et magie. Enjeux philosophiques et théologiques
Authors: Guggenheim Antoine 
Published: February 2015

Le Hassidisme organise la société religieuse du peuple juif selon le triptyque : récits mystiques, pratiques rituelles ou magiques, communautés dont le centre est le hassid (l’homme pieux). Malgré ses ambiguïtés et ses limites, ce mouvement a aidé le judaïsme à entrer dans l’époque difficile et féconde de la modernité européenne. Il a préparé des ressources religieuses nouvelles qui peuvent être mobilisées pour inventer une manière juive et chrétienne de vivre et de témoigner de Dieu dans un monde sécularisé et globalisé.
L'amour de Dieu ne meurt jamais
Authors: Mattheeuws Alain 
Published: February 2015

L’amour peut-il être sauvé ? Les questions relatives au statut des divorcés remariés dans l’Église (remariage, communion eucharistique) ne pourront être résolues si on fait abstraction, comme c’est le cas trop souvent, de l’économie sacramentelle et spécialement du lien du Christ avec son corps, sacrement du salut pour le monde. L’art. relit les déterminations magistérielles et les débats récents sous cet angle. Il présente alors le chemin de sainteté possible des divorcés remariés : l’amour de Dieu ne meurt jamais.
Les déplacements de la pensée de Jean-Marc Ferry et la question européenne
Authors: Petit Jean-François 
Published: February 2015

Cet article revient sur les déplacements essentiels de la philosophie de Jean-Marc Ferry dans le contexte européen : du souci éthique à la question européenne ; d’une pensée d’inspiration habermassienne à la prise en compte des religions ; des religions raisonnables à l’élargissement de leur rôle. On y verra la qualité de cette pensée en travail, qui est loin, dans le contexte actuel, d’avoir dit son dernier mot.
Plaidoyer pour une théologie du silence
Authors: Ambrosio Alberto Fabio 
Published: February 2015

Si la théologie est le discours sur Dieu et sur sa Parole, elle a son corrélat : le silence. L’A. accueille le « silence de Dieu » observé après le drame de la Shoah et esquisse les enjeux d’une anthropologie théologique à partir du silence, celui du samedi saint, mais aussi de la résurrection, en suivant notamment la pensée de D. Bonhoeffer. Il propose enfin, avec le cistercien Adam de Perseigne, une prédication du silence.
Rupture dynastique et mémoire des empereurs romains (68-69 apr. J.-C.)
Authors: Sella Jérôme 
Published: February 2015

La crise des années 68-69 après J.-C., qui voit le renversement de Néron et l’affrontement entre divers compétiteurs, met en évidence l’absence de mode régulier de désignation d’un successeur au pouvoir impérial, en dehors des adoptions au sein de la famille julio-claudienne. La référence à des modèles de comportement – ou exempla – propres à certains prédécesseurs ou à certains contextes, joue alors un rôle essentiel. Ainsi, Clodius Macer exploite, mais sans succès, le souvenir des guerres civiles de la fin de la République, tandis que d’autres acteurs, tels Vindex, Galba ou Othon, prennent d’abord appui sur les précédents des années 41-42 qui avaient vu la chute de Caligula, l’élévation de Claude puis l’usurpation de Scribonien. Mais c’est l’exaltation de la mémoire d’Auguste par Galba qui se révèle la plus efficace. Alors qu’Othon et Vitellius tentent en vain d’exploiter le souvenir de Néron à leur profit, Vespasien opère une synthèse en reprenant chez chacun ce qui fonctionne : il utilise des éléments, y compris monétaires, du discours de Galba, et approfondit les références à Auguste. Les solutions trouvées pendant ces années constituent à leur tour des précédents durables, sur lesquels s’appuieront notamment Nerva ou les protagonistes des années 193-197.
Le cogito de la Seconde Méditation : une protestation contre le Malin génie
Authors: Bouchilloux Hélène 
Published: February 2015

Le Malin génie est absent du Discours de la méthode et des Principes de la philosophie . En différenciant les deux figures du Dieu trompeur et du Malin génie, ainsi que leurs fonctions respectives, on se donne les moyens de discerner la spécificité du cogito de la Seconde Méditation , dont l’un des enjeux majeurs est de renverser littéralement le pyrrhonisme conquis grâce à la fiction du Malin génie par l’affirmation d’une certitude première qui n’est autre que celle de mon existence rétorquée à ce même Malin génie ! Un tel renversement du pyrrhonisme dans le cogito fait de la première vérité, non le cogito qui n’est qu’une certitude première, mais la réfutation du scepticisme académique qui affirme l’incertitude de toutes choses et se rabat sur la probabilité.
The effect of various oral hygiene products on the microbial flora in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment
Authors: Chauhan Preeti , Dua Vinay S. , Kainth Nitika , Tosh Ashu , Tomar Anshul 
Published: February 2015

Context
Orthodontic devices lead to significantly greater plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation resulting in a change of gingival flora from cocci and rods to motile organisms like spirochetes.

Aims
The aim was to study the effect of various oral hygiene products on the microbial flora in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods
The microbial composition of 40 patients, divided into four groups of 10 patients each, was evaluated. Group I patients were prescribed nonfluoridated dentifrice which act as the control group, Group II patients were given fluoridated dentifrice while in Group III and Group IV fluoridated mouth rinse and cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse, respectively, along with nonfluoridated toothpaste was prescribed. The plaque sample was collected at the start of orthodontic treatment, after 30 days, 60 days and 90 days for all the patients. The microscopic slides were prepared and observed under dark field microscopy at the magnification of ×1000 and microbes were classified as cocci, spirochetes, fusiforms, filaments, and rods.

Results
After applying analysis of variance and Tukey honest significant difference test, it was observed that after 30 days, only the proportion of filaments was found to be significantly higher in Group I. After 60 days, Group I had significantly lower proportion of cocci and a higher proportion of rods as compared to other groups. After 90 days, Group I had significantly higher count of rods, filaments, fusiforms, and spirochetes as compared to Groups III and IV.

Conclusion
Less amount of the microbial shift to the pathogenic organisms was seen in the patients in whom mouthwashes along with tooth brushing were prescribed.
Transpopliteal Balloon-Assisted Excimer–Laser Atherectomy for the Treatment of Chronic Femoropopliteal Occlusions: Feasibility and Initial Results
Authors: Lüdtke Christopher W. , Scheer Fabian , Kamusella Peter , Wissgott Christian , Andresen Reimer 
Published: February 2015

Purpose Recanalization of chronic total occlusions (CTOs) of the femoropopliteal arteries depends on a successful lesion crossing with the guide wire. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and the primary results of retrograde recanalization of CTOs with balloon-assisted excimer–laser atherectomy (ELA) via a transpopliteal approach after failed antegrade attempts. Methods A total number of 15 patients (10 male, 5 female) with a mean age of 68.5 years (range: 43-91 years) treated with retrograde transpopliteal ELA in the years 2009-2012 were included retrospectively. After unsuccessful antegrade recanalization attempts with conventional guide wires and catheters, patients were treated with a retrograde recanalization attempt via a transpopliteal access using an excimer laser, followed by pressure-only balloon angioplasty (POBA). The mean length of the CTOs in the femoropopliteal arteries was 17.8 ± 5.4 cm (range: 9-29 cm). Results Technically successful recanalization was achieved in 14 of 15 patients. Provisional stenting was done in two cases. There were no major adverse events regarding the laser atherectomy or popliteal access site. One acute reocclusion was observed in the first 48 hours after intervention. The ankle-brachial Index increased from preinterventional 0.45 ± 0.07 to 0.77 ± 0.29 ( P < 0.05) in the follow-up period (1.5 months), resulting in a primary patency of 80%. Conclusion The retrograde ELA for recanalization of chronic femoropopliteal occlusions via a popliteal access turned out to be a safe and effective procedure with promising primary results. Thus it may be an endovascular treatment option for long chronic occlusions after failed antegrade recanalization or in patients who are not suitable for surgery.
The Effect of Temperature on Bisphenol: An Elution from Dental Resins
Authors: Atabek Didem , Aydintug Itir , Alaçam Alev , Berkkan Aysel 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
Bisphenol A (BPA) elution from baby bottles into content has been of great public interest and debate in recent year. Uncontrolled BPA elution due to temperature increase may create a risk factor for human health. However, dental resins that are used in pediatric dentistry also have BPA derivatives. The aim of this study is to evaluate BPA elution from dental resins and to determine the effect of temperature increase on this elution.

Materials and methods
Four dental resins containing BPA derivatives (Filtek Z250, Filtek Supreme XT, Fissurit FX, and Admira) and a control group (BPA free G-aenial) were used in this study. Each specimen was stored in 2 ml of 75% ethanolwater solution at 37°C. Water at a temperature of 59°C ± 1°C (preferred temperature of hot drinks) was added to the study samples at certain time intervals (1, 6, 24 hours and 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days). The methanol samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data was analyzed using multivariate and repeated measures analysis of variance (p < 0.05).

Results
The study samples generally eluted more BPA than the control samples (p < 0.05). The greatest amount of BPA for an individual time period was measured after 6 hours for the groups A to D; the same was found after 24 hours for group E.

Conclusion
While the BPA elution levels evaluated in the study samples were more than control samples, all measured values were under the reference levels and the amounts do not constitute a risk.

Clinical significance
Resin-based dental materials can act as a source of BPA (within safety margins), especially when they react with hot water.

How to cite this article
Atabek D, Aydintug I, Alaçam A, Berkkan A. The Effect of Temperature on Bisphenol: An Elution from Dental Resins. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(5):576-580.