bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can the past predict the future? Experimental tests of historically based population models
Authors: Adler Peter B. , Byrne Kerry M. , Leiker James 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA frequently advocated approach for forecasting the population‐level impacts of climate change is to project models based on historical, observational relationships between climate and demographic rates. Despite the potential pitfalls of this approach, few historically based population models have been experimentally validated. We conducted a precipitation manipulation experiment to test population models fit to observational data collected from the 1930s to the 1970s for six prairie forb species. We used the historical population models to predict experimental responses to the precipitation manipulations, and compared these predictions to ones generated by a statistical model fit directly to the experimental data. For three species, a sensitivity analysis of the effects of precipitation and grass cover on forb population growth showed consistent results for the historical population models and the contemporary statistical models. Furthermore, the historical population models predicted population growth rates in the experimental plots as well or better than the statistical models, ignoring variation explained by spatial random effects and local density‐dependence. However, for the remaining three species, the sensitivity analyses showed that the historical and statistical models predicted opposite effects of precipitation on population growth, and the historical models were very poor predictors of experimental responses. For these species, historical observations were not well replicated in space, and for two of them the historical precipitation‐demography correlations were weak. Our results highlight the strengths and weaknesses of observational and experimental approaches, and increase our confidence in extrapolating historical relationships to predict population responses to climate change, at least when the historical correlations are strong and based on well‐replicated observations.
CO2 emissions from land‐use change affected more by nitrogen cycle, than by the choice of land‐cover data
Authors: Jain Atul K. , Meiyappan Prasanth , Song Yang , House Joanna I. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe high uncertainty in land‐based CO2 fluxes estimates is thought to be mainly due to uncertainty in not only quantifying historical changes among forests, croplands, and grassland, but also due to different processes included in calculation methods. Inclusion of a nitrogen (N) cycle in models is fairly recent and strongly affects carbon (C) fluxes. In this study, for the first time, we use a model with C and N dynamics with three distinct historical reconstructions of land‐use and land‐use change (LULUC) to quantify LULUC emissions and uncertainty that includes the integrated effects of not only climate and CO2 but also N. The modeled global average emissions including N dynamics for the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000–2005 were 1.8 ± 0.2, 1.7 ± 0.2, and 1.4 ± 0.2 GtC yr−1, respectively, (mean and range across LULUC data sets). The emissions from tropics were 0.8 ± 0.2, 0.8 ± 0.2, and 0.7 ± 0.3 GtC yr−1, and the non tropics were 1.1 ± 0.5, 0.9 ± 0.2, and 0.7 ± 0.1 GtC yr−1. Compared to previous studies that did not include N dynamics, modeled net LULUC emissions were higher, particularly in the non tropics. In the model, N limitation reduces regrowth rates of vegetation in temperate areas resulting in higher net emissions. Our results indicate that exclusion of N dynamics leads to an underestimation of LULUC emissions by around 70% in the non tropics, 10% in the tropics, and 40% globally in the 1990s. The differences due to inclusion/exclusion of the N cycle of 0.1 GtC yr−1 in the tropics, 0.6 GtC yr−1 in the non tropics, and 0.7 GtC yr−1 globally (mean across land‐cover data sets) in the 1990s were greater than differences due to the land‐cover data in the non tropics and globally (0.2 GtC yr−1). While land‐cover information is improving with satellite and inventory data, this study indicates the importance of accounting for different processes, in particular the N cycle.
A predicted niche shift corresponds with increased thermal resistance in an invasive mite, Halotydeus destructor
Authors: Hill Matthew P. , Chown Steven L. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimPredicted distributions of invasive species are often not congruent between their realized native and introduced ranges, but the reasons for this are rarely investigated empirically. We tested for niche shift in an invasive species using a simple framework combining environmental niche models (ENMs) and niche‐limiting thermal tolerance traits.LocationAustralia and South Africa.MethodsThe red‐legged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor, native to South Africa, is a major agricultural pest in Australia and has expanded its range to areas not predictable from its native range in the last 40 years. Revisiting recently constructed ENMs for H. destructor, we select populations in both native and invasive ranges that appear to occupy different niches. We characterize thermal tolerance traits and test for acclimation patterns of cold tolerance of these H. destructor populations to test for niche shifts.ResultsAustralian populations had an increased upper thermal threshold for movement and were able to recover from cold stress more rapidly than South African populations. Australian populations also differed in trait means from the likely source population in South Africa. Acclimation patterns were conserved across ranges for most populations, with 10 °C acclimation lowering the onset of and recovery from cold tolerance and 15 °C raising them when compared with field‐acclimated populations.Main conclusionsThese results support the prediction, based on ENMs, that H. destructor may have undergone a niche shift by adapting to environmental conditions in Australia. The increase in thermal resistance has implications for how this invasive species will respond to future climate change.
Women's views and experiences of antenatal enquiry for domestic abuse during pregnancy
Authors: Salmon Debra , Baird Kathleen M. , White Paul 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the acceptability of antenatal enquiry for domestic abuse from the perspective of women using maternity services. It also sought to understand the experiences of referral and support offered to women who had positively disclosed abuse.MethodsA multimethod approach was adopted including quantitative and qualitative elements. The survey assessed women's views of the acceptability and impact of routine enquiry for domestic abuse. Interviews aimed, to understand the views and experiences of women who had positively disclosed abuse during their contact with maternity services.Results94.4% of those surveyed felt comfortable with a midwife asking about abuse. 96.6% of the participants also believed it was appropriate for a midwife to ask and that midwives should be able to respond to positive disclosure. Interviewees subject to abuse during pregnancy were happy to be questioned, even though they did not always feel able to disclose immediately.ConclusionWomen had a positive view of antenatal enquiry for domestic abuse in healthcare settings and support its continuation. Women expect to be asked and that midwives can respond appropriately. Raising the issue creates a culture in which women are made aware of the impact of abuse and understand there are avenues of support even if she decides not to leave the relationship. Women may choose not to disclose about the abuse at the initial time of asking, for fear of their own safety but asking signifies that she can disclose about at a later contact.
Morphological parameters of lobular in situ neoplasia in stereotactic 11‐gauge vacuum‐assisted needle core biopsy do not predict the presence of malignancy on subsequent surgical excision
Authors: Bianchi Simonetta , Bendinelli Benedetta , Castellano Isabella , Piubello Quirino , Renne Giuseppe , Cattani Maria Grazia , Stefano Domenica Di , Carrillo Giovanna , Laurino Licia , Bersiga Alessandra , Giardina Carmela , Dante Stefania , Loreto Carla Di , Quero Carmela , Antonacci Concetta Maria , Palli Domenico ,   VANCB Study Group
Published: March 2013

AimsThe management of lobular in situ neoplasia (LN) when diagnosed on core biopsy remains a controversial issue. The present study aimed to investigate the association between morphological parameters of LN on vacuum‐assisted needle core biopsy (VANCB) and the presence of malignancy (ductal carcinoma in situ, pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ, or invasive carcinoma) at surgical excision (SE).Methods and resultsThe study included 14 pathology departments in Italy. Available slides from 859 cases of VANCB reporting an original diagnosis of flat epithelial atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia or LN, all with subsequent surgical excision, were reviewed. Overall, 286 cases of LN, pure or associated with other lesions, were identified, and a malignant outcome was reported at excision for 51 cases (17.8%). Among the 149 cases of pure LN, an increased risk of malignancy emerged in women in mammographic categories R4–R5 as compared with those in categories R2–R3 (OR 2.46; P = 0.048). In the series, a statistically significant decreased malignancy risk emerged among cases without determinant microcalcifications (P = 0.04).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the diagnosis of pure LN on VANCB warrants follow‐up excision, because clinicopathological parameters do not allow the prediction of which cases will present carcinoma at surgical excision.
Formation ofCuAlO2at theCu/Al2O3Interface and its Influence on Interface Strength and Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Lee Shao‐Kuan , Tuan Wei‐Hsing 
Published: March 2013

The criteria for the formation of aCuAlO2reaction phase at theCu/Al2O3interface are explored. Oxygen solutes up to 2 wt% were introduced into the copper first. The bonding was carried out at 1075°C. The reaction phase was observed only when the oxygen solute in copper before bonding was higher than 1.3 wt%. TheCuAlO2phase is polycrystalline and covers only part of the interface. TheCuAlO2grains interact with the crack, which improves the interface strength. AsCuAlO2is not continuous at the interface, the thermal conductivity of theAl2O3/Cu/Al2O3laminate is affected little.
Stroke Incidence and 30-Day and Six-Month Case Fatality Rates in Udine, Italy: A Population-Based Prospective Study
Authors: Janes Francesco , Gigli Gian Luigi , D'Anna Lucio , Cancelli Iacopo , Perelli Anna , Canal Giessica , Russo Valentina , Zanchettin Barbara , Valente Mariarosaria 
Published: March 2013

Background Stroke incidence in high-income countries is reported to decrease, and new data on stroke incidence and outcome are needed to design stroke services and to ameliorate stroke management. Methods This study is part of a two-year prospective community-based registry of all cerebrovascular events in the district of Udine (153 312 inhabitants), Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, northeast of Italy, between 1 April 2007 and 31 March 2009. Overlapping sources for case finding were used, combining hot and cold pursuit. Results We identified 784 stroke cases, 640 (81·6%) incident. The crude overall annual incidence rate per 100 000 residents was 256 (95% confidence interval 241–271) for all strokes and 209 (95% confidence interval 195–223) for first-ever strokes. Incidence rate for first-ever strokes was 181 (95% confidence interval 155–211) after adjustment to the 2007 Italian population and 104 (95% confidence interval 88–122) compared with the European standard population. Incidence rates for first-ever strokes was 215 (196–235) for women, 202 (183–223) for men. Crude annual incidence rates per 100 000 population were 167 (153–178) for ischemic stroke, 31 (26–37) for intracerebral hemorrhage, 8·1 (5·7–11·4) for sub-arachnoid hemorrage, and 4·6 (2·8–7·1) for undetermined stroke. Overall case fatality rates for first-ever stroke were 20·6% at 28 days and 30·2% at 180 days. Conclusions Our study shows incidence rates higher than previously reported in our region but not supporting the view of higher incidence rates in Northern than in Southern Italy. Results contribute to time-trends analysis on epidemiology, useful for dimensioning services in Italy and show the persistence of a gap between the outcome of stroke in Italy and that of the best performing European countries, urging to adopt better stroke management plans.
The End of the Incarnation: John Owen, Trinitarian Agency and Christology
Authors: Wittman Tyler R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRecent interpreters of John Owen incorrectly argue that Owen's trinitarian theology undermines the doctrine of inseparable operations (Opera Trinitatis ad extra sunt indivisa). On the contrary, this article argues Owen upheld this doctrine like his Reformed Orthodox contemporaries, using the incarnation as a test case. Owen maintained the incarnation was an undivided act of the Trinity, which had its appropriative terminus on the Son alone – a pattern of thought he extended to the Spirit's work on the Son's humanity. Owen's creative use of the tradition is an example for contemporary theologians who would emphasize the Spirit's role in Christology.
‘We shall be like him, for we shall see him’: Augustine's De Trinitate and the Purification of the Mind
Authors: Simmons Daniel 
Published: March 2013

AbstractContemporary re‐examinations of Augustine's De Trinitate have made the case for the coherence and consistency of the work based on the material content of its trinitarian theology. I propose that Augustine's understanding of De Trinitate's function also ties the work together as a whole. Rather than just talking about purification, De Trinitate attempts to participate in and correspond to God's economically grounded, eschatological purification of humanity. By undertaking a close reading of Book 1, followed by a brief overview of Books 2–15, I make the case that reading De Trinitate as a participation in purification holds all 15 books together.
Impact of lower urinary tract symptoms on prostate cancer risk among Japanese men with prostate‐specific antigen <10 ng/mL and non‐suspicious digital rectal examination
Authors: Ito Masaya , Masuda Hitoshi , Kawakami Satoru , Fujii Yasuhisa , Koga Fumitaka , Saito Kazutaka , Yamamoto Shinya , Yonese Junji , Fukui Iwao , Kihara Kazunori 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between lower urinary tract symptoms status and prostate cancer risk at initial extended biopsy.MethodsBetween 2005 and 2011, the International Prostate Symptom Score was completed on 1467 consecutive men with prostate‐specific antigen <10 ng/mL and non‐suspicious digital rectal examination. After excluding 308 men treated with alpha‐blockers, the remaining 1159 men were enrolled in the present study. Lower urinary tract symptoms status was divided into absent or mild (International Prostate Symptom Score scores of 0–7) and moderate or severe lower urinary tract symptoms (International Prostate Symptom Score scores of 8–35). The risks of prostate cancer diagnosis and high‐grade (Gleason score ≥4 + 3) prostate cancer diagnosis in relation to lower urinary tract symptoms status was evaluated using logistic regression. A stratified analysis based on prostate volume (<30 cc, 30–50 cc and >50 cc) was also carried out.ResultsOf 1159 patients, 421 (36.3%) had a positive biopsy and 590 (51.0%) had moderate or severe lower urinary tract symptoms. On multivariate analysis, absent or mild lower urinary tract symptoms had a significant and positive impact on the risk of prostate cancer and high‐grade disease (odds ratio 1.64 and 1.70, P = 0.0007 and 0.0121, respectively). Furthermore, the aforementioned findings for prostate cancer detection did not change throughout every prostate volume subgroup. In contrast, in men with prostate volume ≤50 cc, but not in those with prostate volume >50 cc, prostate‐specific antigen or %free prostate‐specific antigen remained as a significant predictor of prostate cancer.ConclusionIn men with elevated prostate‐specific antigen, absent or mild lower urinary tract symptoms are positively associated with prostate cancer and high‐grade disease regardless of the prostate volume. This finding is especially useful in men with enlarged prostates.
Lymphocele after extraperitoneal robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy: A propensity score‐matching study
Authors: Lee Joo Yong , Diaz Richilda Red , Cho Kang Su , Yu Ho Song , Chung Jae Seung , Ham Won Sik , Choi Young Deuk 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the incidence of lymphocele and determine the risk factors for postoperative lymphocele after extraperitoneal robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy by using propensity score‐matching.MethodsA total of 483 patients underwent extraperitoneal robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer between January 2009 and August 2011. Of these, 200 patients underwent pelvic lymph node dissection during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography postoperatively to detect lymphocele after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. Propensity scores for an established control group were calculated for each patient using multivariate logistic regression based on the following covariates: age, body mass index, preoperative prostate‐specific antigen level, prostate volume calculated by transrectal ultrasound, biopsy Gleason sum and clinical tumor stage.ResultsLymphocele was identified in 41 patients (20.5%). There were no statistical differences in variables used in propensity score‐matching. Operation time, estimated blood loss, catheterization and surgical margin positivity did not show differences between the two groups. Seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.015) and tumor volume (P = 0.042) between the two groups were significantly different. In the multivariate logistic regression model, extracapsular extension (P = 0.017, odds ratio 4.231), seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.028, odds ratio 2.643) and the number of positive lymph nodes (P = 0.041, odds ratio 3.532) were independent risk factors for lymphocele development after extraperitoneal robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection.ConclusionsLymphocele might preferentially develop in cases with seminal vesicle invasion and large tumor volume. Additionally, extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and the number of positive lymph nodes are independent risk factors for postoperative lymphocele after extraperitoneal robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.
Role of vaccine therapy for renal cell carcinoma in the era of targeted therapy
Authors: Yoshimura Kazuhiro , Uemura Hirotsugu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor originating from the kidney. Compared with other solid tumors, it does not respond to traditional management modalities, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, it is well known that renal cell carcinoma represents one of the most immune‐responsive cancers and several immunotherapeutic strategies have been investigated in the management of renal cell carcinoma with variable degrees of success. The development of immunotherapy with α‐interferon or high‐dose interleukin‐2 is the best established treatment, and is associated with durable disease control. Although the lack of defined antigens in renal cell carcinoma has hindered more specific vaccine development, research regarding vaccination therapy has been of special interest for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma for more than 30 years. At present, there are three types of cell‐based vaccines in renal cell carcinoma treatment: autologous tumor‐cell vaccines, genetically modified tumor vaccines and dendritic cell‐based vaccines. A further type is peptide‐based vaccination with tumor‐associated antigens as possible targets, such as carbonic anhydrase IX, survivin and telomerase that are overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma. In the present article, we review data from completed clinical trials of vaccine therapy, and discuss future trials to assess the current knowledge and future role of vaccine therapy for renal cell carcinoma in the era of recently developed targeted therapy.
Canada's Migrants without History: Neoliberal Immigration Regimes and Trinidadian Transnationalism
Authors: Leach Belinda 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTemporary migration programmes have re‐emerged as a preferred mechanism for regulating labour migration in many migrant‐receiving countries in the past decade. In this paper, I consider the role of shifting Canadian immigration policies, notably the expanded streams for temporary workers, in the changing flow of migrants from Trinidad to Canada. Temporary programmes can bring workers to Canada relatively quickly, but they limit access to permanent residency and citizenship, in sharp contrast to most of Canada's earlier immigration policies. Ethnographic fieldwork reveals that Trinidadians actively seeking to make the move to Canada have little interest in new temporary work programmes. Rather, they continue to plan futures in Canada that they expect to be years in the making. I consider some reasons for this apparent refusal to submit to the new migration realities. I show that present‐day Trinidadian emigrant desires and practices are deeply connected to individual, familial and national emigration and immigration histories. Trinidadians are declining to participate in new immigration regimes and are restricting their migration practices to those forms that are historically familiar and have been proven successful. I attempt to show how ethnographic approaches that take seriously migrants' agency can assist in developing a fuller understanding of the ways in which migration flows are changing. These approaches reveal what are otherwise the silences and invisibility surrounding those whose previous access to permanent migration streams has been diminished through neoliberal restructuring of migration policy. I argue that temporary worker policies disregard long‐standing histories of migration and engagement with capitalist processes for people in particular regions of the world, rendering them, for policy purposes, effectively “people without history” (Wolf, 1982).
Latino Immigrants, Discrimination and Reception in Columbus, Ohio
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey H. , Chavez Nidia Merino 
Published: March 2013

AbstractColumbus, Ohio has witnessed rapid growth in its Latino population as immigrants settle in the city to access jobs and a generally low cost of living. Immigrants also face discrimination as they settle in Columbus and interact with the city's citizens. In this paper, we note how discrimination plays out in social and economic isolation; a lack of programmes to support the incorporation of Latinos in the city; and state laws that target immigrants. We present results of ongoing ethnographic work with the Latino community in Columbus.