bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Modeling of the Permeate Flux Decline during Microfiltration of Starch Suspensions
Authors: Ikonić Bojana B. , Takači Aleksandar A. , Zavargo Zoltan Z. , Šereš Zita N. , Šaranović Žana V. , Ikonić Predrag M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFlux declines versus time during cross‐flow microfiltration of wheat starch suspensions were modeled using fuzzy logic systems under different conditions of transmembrane pressure, flow rate, and suspension concentration. Fuzzy modeling is one of the most efficient methods for empirical modeling, especially for non‐linear systems, and does not require any prior knowledge about the process. The influence of the process parameters on the dynamic behavior of the permeate flux was determined by comparing the permeate flux decline versus the volume curves, considering a constant value of the volumetric concentration factor during batch cross‐flow filtration. At the transient stages of the filtration process, the permeate flux was shown to be strongly dependent on all process parameters, within the examined range.
Impact of Surfactant Chemistry on Bubble Column Systems
Authors: McClure Dale D. , Deligny Julien , Kavanagh John M. , Fletcher David F. , Barton Geoffrey W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe impact of surfactant addition on the overall holdup, drag coefficient, and bubble size distribution (BSD) in a bubble column operating at industrially relevant superficial velocities was analyzed. A range of surfactants was examined, including alcohols, sugars, and antifoaming agents. It was ascertained that the effect of a surfactant on the holdup and BSD could be related to the chemical structure of the compound, specifically its hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature as characterized by the octanol/water partition coefficient. Addition of 2‐propanol to an air/water system induces a behavior similar to the fermentation media used in aerobic bioprocesses, meaning that such a system can be applied as a meaningful physical analogue in pilot‐scale experimentation.
Dissonance‐based prevention of eating disorder risk factors in middle school girls: Results from two pilot trials
Authors: Rohde Paul , Auslander Beth A. , Shaw Heather , Raineri Kate M. , Gau Jeff M. , Stice Eric 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough several eating disorder prevention programs reduce eating disorder risk factors and symptoms for female high school and college students, few efficacious prevention programs exist for female middle school students, despite the fact that body image and eating disturbances often emerge then. Two pilot trials evaluated a new dissonance‐based eating disorder prevention program for middle school girls with body image concerns.MethodFemale middle school students with body dissatisfaction from two sites [Study 1: N = 81, M age = 12.1, standard deviation (SD) = 0.9; Study 2: N = 52, M age = 12.5, SD = 0.8] were randomized to a dissonance intervention (MS Body Project) or educational brochure control; Study 2 included a 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsIntervention participants showed significant post‐test reductions in only one of the six variables with both Studies 1 and 2 (i.e., pressure to be thin and negative affect, respectively), though post‐test effect sizes suggested medium reductions in eating disorder risk factors and symptoms (Study 1: M d = .40; Study 2: M d = .65); reductions at 3‐month follow‐up in Study 2 were not evident (M d = .19).ConclusionsResults suggest that this new middle school version of the Body Project is producing medium magnitude reductions in eating disorder risk factors at post‐test but that effects are showing limited persistence. Continued refinement and evaluation of this intervention appears warranted to develop more effective prevention programs for this age group. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:483–494)
Detection of Cells State‐of‐Health in PEM Fuel Cell Stack Using EIS Measurements Coupled with Multiphysics Modeling
Authors: Chevalier S. , Auvity B. , Olivier J. C. , Josset C. , Trichet D. , Machmoum M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a pseudo 2D multiphysics A.C. and D.C. model that has been successfully used with Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements to detect cells state‐of‐health in a PEMFC stack. The model is able to reproduce the gas concentration oscillations that develop along the cell channel while doing EIS measurements. This feature makes it possible to explicitly take into account the air stoichiometry effects on cells state‐of health. The model being both static and harmonic, the identification of model parameters is based on static cell data (current and voltage) and on measured cells impedance spectra. The cells state‐of‐health is presented in terms of repartition of losses due to four limiting phenomena: the membrane ionic resistance, the mass and charge transport limitations in the electrode, the mass transport limitations through GDLs and along the cell channels and the kinetic irreversibilities. When coupled with pressure drop measurements across the stack, it has been possible to prove that flooding conditions for the stack leads to inhomogeneous cells state‐of‐health: on one hand, most of the cells get flooded while, on the other hand, some of them remain in the nominal conditions.
Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and expression of gene encoding stress protein – metallothionein BnMT2 in the non‐host crop Brassica napus L.
Authors: Dąbrowska Grażyna , Baum Christel , Trejgell Alina , Hrynkiewicz Katarzyna 
Published: March 2014

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are an important component of the soil biota in most agroecosystems, and their association can directly or indirectly affect the diversity of soil microorganisms, nutrient cycling, and growth of host plants. Since not all crops are symbiotic, we hypothesized that the presence of AM fungi can: (1) inhibit the growth of non‐host plants by resulting in biotic stress, or (2) promote their growth indirectly by increased nutrient mobilization. These hypotheses were tested in the present study on the non‐mycorrhizal crop canola (Brassica napus L.) in the presence and absence of other autochthonous soil microorganisms. The soil was inoculated with a mixture of AM fungi (Acaulospora longula, Glomus geosporum, G. mosseae, Scutellospora calospora) and as a control, a non‐inoculated soil was used. The impact of inoculation on plant growth (biomass production, nutrient concentrations) and expression of the stress protein metallothionein gene BnMT2 was investigated in the shoots. B. napus L. did not form mycorrhizal associations on its roots, but its growth was promoted after inoculation with AM fungi. In the soil with autochthonic microorganisms, growth inhibition after inoculation was observed compared to the control. The concentrations of N, P, K, and S in the shoot were always significantly increased after inoculation with AM fungi. However, this was partly combined with reduced growth and thereby decreased total uptake of nutrients. Expression of BnMT2 in the leaves was increased after inoculation with AM spores at the soil devoid of indigenous microorganisms, but decreased in their presence. The expression of stress proteins (BnMT2) significantly increased with increasing length and biomass of shoots.In conclusion, the inhibition of the non‐host plant B. napus L. following inoculation with AM fungi was confirmed, however, only in combination with autochthonous microorganisms. Growth promotion of B. napus L. in the presence of AM fungi in the absence of autochthonous soil microorganisms suggest that plant growth depression in the presence of AM fungi was based on interactive effects of AM fungi with the autochthonous microorganisms in the soil rather than on a direct impact of the AM fungi.
A high‐capacity and low‐distortion 3D polygonal mesh steganography using surfacelet transform
Authors: Kaveh Hadi , Moin Mohammad‐Shahram 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTSteganography is the science and art of communicating secret data in an appropriate multimedia cover. Steganography's ultimate concerns are undetectability, robustness, and capacity of data hiding. Three‐dimensional (3D) meshes have been used more and more in industrial, medical, and entertainment applications during the last decades. In this paper, a high‐capacity and very‐low‐distortion 3D mesh steganography scheme based on novel directional N‐dimensional surfacelet transform is proposed. Experimental results show that the cover model distortion is very low. This novel approach can provide a much higher hiding capacity and lower distortion than existing approaches in the transform domain, at the same time, observing the main steganographic factors on 3D models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kaolin‐induced ventriculomegaly at weaning produces long‐term learning, memory, and motor deficits in rats
Authors: Williams Michael T. , Braun Amanda A. , Amos‐Kroohs Robyn M. , McAllister James P. , Lindquist Diana M. , Mangano Francesco T. , Vorhees Charles V. , Yuan Weihong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVentriculomegaly occurs when there is imbalance between creation and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); even when treated, long‐term behavioral changes occur. Kaolin injection in the cisterna magna of rats produces an obstruction of CSF outflow and models one type of hydrocephalus. Previous research with this model shows that neonatal onset has mixed effects on Morris water maze (MWM) and motoric performance; we hypothesized that this might be because the severity of ventricular enlargement was not taken into consideration. In the present experiment, rats were injected with kaolin or saline on postnatal day (P)21 and analyzed in subgroups based on Evan's ratios (ERs) of the severity of ventricular enlargement at the end of testing to create 4 subgroups from least to most severe: ER0.4–0.5, ER0.51–0.6, ER0.61–0.7, and ER0.71–0.82, respectively. Locomotor activity (dry land and swimming), acoustic startle with prepulse inhibition (PPI), and MWM performance were tested starting on P28 (122 cm maze) and again on P42 (244 cm maze). Kaolin‐treated animals weighed significantly less than controls at all times. Differences in locomotor activity were seen at P42 but not P28. On P28 there was an increase in PPI for all but the least severe kaolin‐treated group, but no difference at P42 compared with controls. In the MWM at P28, all kaolin‐treated groups had longer path lengths than controls, but comparable swim speeds. With the exception of the least severe group, probe trial performance was worse in the kaolin‐treated animals. On P42, only the most severely affected kaolin‐treated group showed deficits compared with control animals. This group showed no MWM learning and no memory for the platform position during probe trial testing. Swim speed was unaffected, indicating motor deficits were not responsible for impaired learning and memory. These findings indicate that kaolin‐induced ventriculomegaly in rats interferes with cognition regardless of the final enlargement of the cerebral ventricles, but final size critically determines whether lasting locomotor, learning, and memory impairments occur.
Changes in Lumbar Disk Morphology Associated With Prolonged Sitting Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Billy Gregory G. , Lemieux Susan K. , Chow Mosuk X. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo determine what if any changes occur to the lumbar disks in the spine after prolonged sitting with and without intermittent breaks during a 4‐hour period.DesignA prospective observational study.SettingAn academic outpatient clinic.MethodsThe measurement of lumbar disk changes was performed with 12 subjects after an analysis of a mid sagittal lumbar magnetic resonance image, which measured lumbar disk height and disk diameter. Scanning and analysis were done over a 2‐day period: day 1 at the start of the work day and 4 hours later after continuous sitting; at the start of work day 2 and after four hours after a change in position and stretching protocol every 15 minutes.ResultsFor this study, we first evaluated each level of the lumbar spine for any changes after prolonged sitting for 4 hours over the 2 days. Multiple comparisons bias was eliminated by a Bonferroni correction to limit the overall experiment‐wise error rate to .05. The comparison was conducted by using a paired t‐test when the normality condition was satisfied and by using a Wilcoxon signed rank test when normality was not satisfied. To test for normality, a Shapiro‐Wilk test was used. We found that, for disk height, L4‐5 was significantly decreased at the end of the sitting for day 1 but not for day 2. There were no significant height changes for the other lumbar disks. In addition, for disk diameter, there were no significant differences present for any of the disks.ConclusionsAnalysis of the data shows that the greatest change in disk height is at the L4‐5 level after prolonged sitting without intermittent breaks. The other levels did not show a significant change in their height. The findings also showed that the L4‐5 height changes were not significant with brief positional changes every 15 minutes. Fewer changes in disk height may correlate with an improvement in low back pain and disability.
Disaster Management Among Dental Graduates in a Private Dental Institution in India: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Rajesh Guru Raghavendran , Shetty Preetha J. , Prasad Kakarla V V , Chhabra Chaya , Muddapur Mahadevayya 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo obtain insights into disaster management among dental graduates in a dental institute in India.MethodsA total of 103 of 104 house surgeons in Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheswar College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, participated in the main study (response rate = 99.04%). Their knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding disaster management were assessed by use of a survey questionnaire. Information was also collected regarding age, gender, religion, and residence.ResultsMean knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores toward disaster management were 45.46%, 79.53%, and 37.70%, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between knowledge and attitude scores (r= 0.248,P= .012). No significant differences were found in knowledge, attitude, and behavior by gender, religion, and residence. Religion was a significant predictor of knowledge scores (χ2= 10.108,P= .006).ConclusionsRespondents had favorable attitudes toward disaster management, but their knowledge and behavior required considerable improvement. Knowledge of the respondents was significantly associated with their attitude. This pilot study highlights the need for curriculum changes in dental education in India and further nationwide study. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-7)
Algorithms for collision-free navigation of mobile robots in complex cluttered environments: a survey
Authors: Hoy Michael , Matveev Alexey S. , Savkin Andrey V. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYWe review a range of techniques related to navigation of unmanned vehicles through unknown environments with obstacles, especially those that rigorously ensure collision avoidance (given certain assumptions about the system). This topic continues to be an active area of research, and we highlight some directions in which available approaches may be improved. The paper discusses models of the sensors and vehicle kinematics, assumptions about the environment, and performance criteria. Methods applicable to stationary obstacles, moving obstacles and multiple vehicles scenarios are all reviewed. In preference to global approaches based on full knowledge of the environment, particular attention is given to reactive methods based on local sensory data, with a special focus on recently proposed navigation laws based on model predictive and sliding mode control.
Mathematical tidal model of the Tay Estuary
Authors: Williams D. J. A. , Nassehi V. 
Published: March 2014

SynopsisA one-dimensional mathematical model based on an implicit finite difference scheme is used to predict tidal levels and discharges throughout the Tay Estuary. The model accounts for the transformation of the tidal level curve along the estuary and predicts a maximum tidal range near Flisk. There is a measure of agreement between computed velocities and observed data in the upper reaches of the estuary.
The bracken problem in the Highlands and Islands
Authors: MacLeod A. 
Published: March 2014

SynopsisThe only serious attempt to quantify the area of bracken in Scotland took place in 1957. At that time the Department of Agriculture for Scotland, through the medium of the June Agricultural Census, asked farmers to assess the area of bracken on each holding.The survey produced a figure of 187,500 ha of bracken-infested land throughout Scotland, of which some 50% was found in the Central, North and West Highland counties of Perth, Inverness and Argyll. One quarter (46,875 ha) of the Scottish total was located on the mainland and islands of Argyll.Distribution is governed to a great extent by the soil type, exposure and rainfall, with the free-draining slopes of brown soil on the lower hill faces and glen sides providing the ideal habitat for the plant. The poorly drained acid peat as found over much of the Highland areas is an unsuitable medium for bracken growth but thin peat overlying mineral soil may be subject to bracken encroachment.The crux of the problem lies in the imbalance of brown soils to peat land.The limited areas of the mineral soils, which are located on the accessible lower slopes, have a marked potential for improved grazing and, by virtue of better drainage, are capable of more complete utilisation in an intensive stocking system.Bracken control and subsequent grass sward establishment can form the key to greatly increased levels of productivity. This is illustrated by detailed reference to one farm in Argyll where over the past five years an attempt has been made to operate the Hill Farming Research Organization (H.F.R.O.) concept of a Two Pasture System.
Cytology ofBetula albaL. complex
Authors: Brown I. R. , Williams D. A. 
Published: March 2014

SynopsisThe morphological variation between and within species ofBetulahas resulted in taxonomic confusion which chromosome studies have been aimed at reducing. The paper briefly reviews the general situation and summarizes recent work at Aberdeen.Betulaforms a polyploid series with chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 28 to 2n = 84. The native British arborescent birchesB. pendulaandB. pubescensEhrh. have respectively 2n = 28 and 2n = 56 chromosomes. Meiosis is essentially regular but many phenomena occur which may account for the production of gametes with non-haploid chromosome numbers. Variation in somatic chromosome number within the leaf tissues of both species is common and trees have been identified whose modal chromosome counts lie between 28 and 56. Some of these trees are of hybrid origin while others may aneuploidB. pubescens. The former types are sterile while the latter cross freely amongst themselves and with 2n = 28 and 2n=56 trees.
Meat production
Authors: Lawrie Ralston 
Published: March 2014

SynopsisMuch of the land surface of Scotland is suitable only for grazing ruminants, but, however inefficient in comparison with plants, these represent the sole feasible means of converting sparse vegetation into an organoleptically desirable and highly nutritious commodity.The efficiency of meat production could be increased by hormonal enhancement of fertility and growth in cattle and sheep and by various advances in meat science whereby abattoir operations could be greatly accelerated. The latter could involve electrical killing and muscular stimulation, hot deboning and selective conditioning of portions of the carcase. Modernization of abattoir operations would facilitate the economic recovery and upgrading of underutilized animal protein of intrinsically high biological value.An increase in the preservation of meat and meat products by low doses of ionizing radiation in combination with chilling and by freezing can be envisaged.Irrespective of current controversies on diet, the nutritive excellence of meat is utterly factual. There are thus both reasons and opportunities for further development of Scottish meat production by ruminants.
The SOTEAG programme of monitoring in Sullom Voe
Authors: Foxton P. 
Published: March 2014

SynopsisThe Shetland Oil Terminal Environmental Advisory Group (SOTEAG) has initiated a programme of environmental monitoring in Sullom Voe, which is funded by the Sullom Voe Association Ltd (S.V.A.Ltd). Its aim is to provide a continuing check on the effectiveness of the regulatory measures in operation at the terminal by providing early warning of harmful environmental effects due to the anticipated low-level, continuous discharge of predominantly oily water effluents and occasional accidental spills. In designing a programme the limitations of available methods for monitoring the biota so as to detect the effects of chronic pollution have been recognised. The programme adopts an integrated approach based on regular quantitative surveys of selected key marine habitats or biota, including rocky shore, soft shore, salt marsh and benthos associated with a programme to monitor levels of hydrocarbons and heavy metals in sediments and the tissues of selected target organisms. The network of sites and sampling stations has been planned to measure gradients of effect over a wide area having the terminal as its focus and primary source of effluent. The programme also includes projects to monitor atmospheric pollution (SO2) and ornithological monitoring. A flexible approach has been adopted and the programme will be modified in the light of experience and circumstances. Results are reported on annually to SOTEAG's Monitoring Committee which oversees the programme and interprets the results for submission to SOTEAG and then to S.V.A. Ltd.
The benthic ecology of Sullom Voe
Authors: Pearson T. H. , Eleftheriou A. 
Published: March 2014

SynopsisThe topographic and sedimentary characteristics of the Voe are briefly described and used to define the distribution of epifaunal and macro- and meio-infaunal communities throughout the Voe. The structural complexity of the communities, their interdependence on one or a group of dominant species, and their trophic relationships are emphasized. Changing distributions with depth and in time are examined in detail, particularly in relation to the intermittently eutrophic conditions occurring in the inner basin of the Voe.
Asymmetric cell division and differentiation; fern spore germination as a model. II. Ultrastructural studies
Authors: Bassel Alix R. 
Published: March 2014

SynopsisThe germination of Onoclea spores is a model system with many advantages for the study of asymmetric cell division and cellular differentiation. Our results suggest that both microtubules and a lipophilic site are important in the nuclear migration to one end of the spore prior to asymmetric cell division. A metalbinding region containing pore-like structures in the proximal face of the spore coat may be a source of the inherent polarity of the spore. The pattern of endogenous metal binding during germination has been characterised using a sulphide-silver stain. Metal-binding sites are described in a differentiating system in which polarity is imposed externally using polarised red light. The possibility of a role of ion gradients in determining the direction of nuclear migration is discussed.