bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spermidine is essential for fasting-mediated autophagy and longevity
Authors: Hofer Sebastian J. , Daskalaki Ioanna , Bergmann Martina , Friščić Jasna , Zimmermann Andreas , Mueller Melanie I. , Abdellatif Mahmoud , Nicastro Raffaele , Masser Sarah , Durand Sylvère , Nartey Alexander , Waltenstorfer Mara , Enzenhofer Sarah , Faimann Isabella , Gschiel Verena , Bajaj Thomas , Niemeyer Christine , Gkikas Ilias , Pein Lukas , Cerrato Giulia , Pan Hui , Liang YongTian , Tadic Jelena , Jerkovic Andrea , Aprahamian Fanny , Robbins Christine E. , Nirmalathasan Nitharsshini , Habisch Hansjörg , Annerer Elisabeth , Dethloff Frederik , Stumpe Michael , Grundler Franziska , Wilhelmi de Toledo Françoise , Heinz Daniel E. , Koppold Daniela A. , Rajput Khokhar Anika , Michalsen Andreas , Tripolt Norbert J. , Sourij Harald , Pieber Thomas R. , de Cabo Rafael , McCormick Mark A. , Magnes Christoph , Kepp Oliver , Dengjel Joern , Sigrist Stephan J. , Gassen Nils C. , Sedej Simon , Madl Tobias , De Virgilio Claudio , Stelzl Ulrich , Hoffmann Markus H. , Eisenberg Tobias , Tavernarakis Nektarios , Kroemer Guido , Madeo Frank 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCaloric restriction and intermittent fasting prolong the lifespan and healthspan of model organisms and improve human health. The natural polyamine spermidine has been similarly linked to autophagy enhancement, geroprotection and reduced incidence of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases across species borders. Here, we asked whether the cellular and physiological consequences of caloric restriction and fasting depend on polyamine metabolism. We report that spermidine levels increased upon distinct regimens of fasting or caloric restriction in yeast, flies, mice and human volunteers. Genetic or pharmacological blockade of endogenous spermidine synthesis reduced fasting-induced autophagy in yeast, nematodes and human cells. Furthermore, perturbing the polyamine pathway in vivo abrogated the lifespan- and healthspan-extending effects, as well as the cardioprotective and anti-arthritic consequences of fasting. Mechanistically, spermidine mediated these effects via autophagy induction and hypusination of the translation regulator eIF5A. In summary, the polyamine–hypusination axis emerges as a phylogenetically conserved metabolic control hub for fasting-mediated autophagy enhancement and longevity.
Century-long timelines of herbarium genomes predict plant stomatal response to climate change
Authors: Lang Patricia L. M. , Erberich Joel M. , Lopez Lua , Weiß Clemens L. , Amador Gabriel , Fung Hannah F. , Latorre Sergio M. , Lasky Jesse R. , Burbano Hernán A. , Expósito-Alonso Moisés , Bergmann Dominique C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDissecting plant responses to the environment is key to understanding whether and how plants adapt to anthropogenic climate change. Stomata, plants’ pores for gas exchange, are expected to decrease in density following increased CO2 concentrations, a trend already observed in multiple plant species. However, it is unclear whether such responses are based on genetic changes and evolutionary adaptation. Here we make use of extensive knowledge of 43 genes in the stomatal development pathway and newly generated genome information of 191 Arabidopsis thaliana historical herbarium specimens collected over 193 years to directly link genetic variation with climate change. While we find that the essential transcription factors SPCH, MUTE and FAMA, central to stomatal development, are under strong evolutionary constraints, several regulators of stomatal development show signs of local adaptation in contemporary samples from different geographic regions. We then develop a functional score based on known effects of gene knock-out on stomatal development that recovers a classic pattern of stomatal density decrease over the past centuries, suggesting a genetic component contributing to this change. This approach combining historical genomics with functional experimental knowledge could allow further investigations of how different, even in historical samples unmeasurable, cellular plant phenotypes may have already responded to climate change through adaptive evolution.
Proteomic aging clock predicts mortality and risk of common age-related diseases in diverse populations
Authors: Argentieri M. Austin , Xiao Sihao , Bennett Derrick , Winchester Laura , Nevado-Holgado Alejo J. , Ghose Upamanyu , Albukhari Ashwag , Yao Pang , Mazidi Mohsen , Lv Jun , Millwood Iona , Fry Hannah , Rodosthenous Rodosthenis S. , Partanen Jukka , Zheng Zhili , Kurki Mitja , Daly Mark J. , Palotie Aarno , Adams Cassandra J. , Li Liming , Clarke Robert , Amin Najaf , Chen Zhengming , van Duijn Cornelia M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCirculating plasma proteins play key roles in human health and can potentially be used to measure biological age, allowing risk prediction for age-related diseases, multimorbidity and mortality. Here we developed a proteomic age clock in the UK Biobank (n = 45,441) using a proteomic platform comprising 2,897 plasma proteins and explored its utility to predict major disease morbidity and mortality in diverse populations. We identified 204 proteins that accurately predict chronological age (Pearson r = 0.94) and found that proteomic aging was associated with the incidence of 18 major chronic diseases (including diseases of the heart, liver, kidney and lung, diabetes, neurodegeneration and cancer), as well as with multimorbidity and all-cause mortality risk. Proteomic aging was also associated with age-related measures of biological, physical and cognitive function, including telomere length, frailty index and reaction time. Proteins contributing most substantially to the proteomic age clock are involved in numerous biological functions, including extracellular matrix interactions, immune response and inflammation, hormone regulation and reproduction, neuronal structure and function and development and differentiation. In a validation study involving biobanks in China (n = 3,977) and Finland (n = 1,990), the proteomic age clock showed similar age prediction accuracy (Pearson r = 0.92 and r = 0.94, respectively) compared to its performance in the UK Biobank. Our results demonstrate that proteomic aging involves proteins spanning multiple functional categories and can be used to predict age-related functional status, multimorbidity and mortality risk across geographically and genetically diverse populations.
Detection and tracking of barchan dunes using artificial intelligence
Authors: Cúñez Esteban A. , Franklin Erick M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBarchans are crescent-shape dunes ubiquitous on Earth and other celestial bodies, which are organized in barchan fields where they interact with each other. Over the last decades, satellite images have been largely employed to detect barchans on Earth and on the surface of Mars, with AI (Artificial Intelligence) becoming an important tool for monitoring those bedforms. However, automatic detection reported in previous works is limited to isolated dunes and does not identify successfully groups of interacting barchans. In this paper, we inquire into the automatic detection and tracking of barchans by carrying out experiments and exploring the acquired images using AI. After training a neural network with images from controlled experiments where complex interactions took place between dunes, we did the same for satellite images from Earth and Mars. We show, for the first time, that a neural network trained properly can identify and track barchans interacting with each other in different environments, using different image types (contrasts, colors, points of view, resolutions, etc.), with confidence scores (accuracy) above 70%. Our results represent a step further for automatically monitoring barchans, with important applications for human activities on Earth, Mars and other celestial bodies.
Study of microstructure and corrosion behavior of nano-Al2O3 coating layers on TiO2 substrate via polymeric method and microwave combustion
Authors: El-Hamid H. K. Abd , Gaber A. A. , Ngida Rehab E. A. , Sadek H. E. H. , Khattab R. M. , Mandour Howida S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe study describes the successful development of a TiO2 ceramic substrate with a protective nano-Al2O3 coating using two different coating techniques: microwave combustion and polymeric methods. The coated ceramics demonstrate enhanced corrosion resistance compared to the uncoated substrate. The optimal TiO2 substrate was prepared by firing it at 1000 °C. This was done to give the desired physical properties of the TiO2 substrate for the coating procedures. Nano-Al2O3 powder was coated onto the surface of the TiO2 substrates. The TiO2 substrates with the Al2O3 coating were then calcined (heat-treated) at 800 and 1000 °C. The structures, morphology, phase composition, apparent porosity, bulk density, and compressive strength of the substrate and coated substrate were characterized. Upon firing at 1000 °C, it was discovered that the two phases of TiO2—rutile and anatase—combine in the substrate. Once the substrate has been coated with nano Al2O3 at 1000 °C, the anatase is transferred into rutile. When compared to the substrate, the coated substrate resulted in a decrease in porosity and an increase in strength. The efficiency of the ceramic metal nanoparticles Al2O3 as a good coating material to protect the TiO2 substrates against the effect of the corrosive medium 0.5 M solution of H2SO4 was measured by two methods: potentio-dynamic polarization (PDP) and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicated that the corrosion rate was decreased after the substrate coated with alumina from (67.71 to 16.30 C.R. mm/year) and the percentage of the inhibition efficiency recorded a high value reaching (78.56%). The surface morphology and composition after electrochemical measurements are investigated using SEM and EDX analysis. After conducting the corrosion tests and all the characterization, the results indicated that the coated TiO2 substrate prepared by the polymeric method at 800 °C displayed the best physical, mechanical, and corrosion-resistant behavior.
Deep learning enables accurate soft tissue tendon deformation estimation in vivo via ultrasound imaging
Authors: Huff Reece D. , Houghton Frederick , Earl Conner C. , Ghajar-Rahimi Elnaz , Dogra Ishan , Yu Denny , Harris-Adamson Carisa , Goergen Craig J. , O’Connell Grace D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImage-based deformation estimation is an important tool used in a variety of engineering problems, including crack propagation, fracture, and fatigue failure. These tools have been important in biomechanics research where measuring in vitro and in vivo tissue deformations are important for evaluating tissue health and disease progression. However, accurately measuring tissue deformation in vivo is particularly challenging due to limited image signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, we created a novel deep-learning approach for measuring deformation from a sequence of images collected in vivo called . Utilizing a training dataset that incorporates image artifacts, was designed to maximize performance in challenging, in vivo settings. Artificially generated image sequences of human flexor tendons undergoing known deformations were used to compare benchmark against two conventional image-based strain measurement techniques. outperformed the traditional techniques by nearly 90%. High-frequency ultrasound imaging was then used to acquire images of the flexor tendons engaged during contraction. Only was able to track tissue deformations under the in vivo test conditions. Findings revealed strong correlations between tendon deformation and applied forces, highlighting the potential for to be a valuable tool for assessing rehabilitation strategies or disease progression. Additionally, by using real-world data to train our model, was able to generalize and reveal important relationships between the effort exerted by the participant and tendon mechanics. Overall, demonstrated the effectiveness of using deep learning for image-based strain analysis in vivo.
Kinetics and coexistence of autocatalytic reaction cycles
Authors: Könnyű Balázs , Szathmáry Eörs , Czárán Tamás , Szilágyi András 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBiological reproduction rests ultimately on chemical autocatalysis. Autocatalytic chemical cycles are thought to have played an important role in the chemical complexification en route to life. There are two, related issues: what chemical transformations allow such cycles to form, and at what speed they are operating. Here we investigate the latter question for solitary as well as competitive autocatalytic cycles in resource-unlimited batch and resource-limited chemostat systems. The speed of growth tends to decrease with the length of a cycle. Reversibility of the reproductive step results in parabolic growth that is conducive to competitive coexistence. Reversibility of resource uptake also slows down growth. Unilateral help by a cycle of its competitor tends to favour the competitor (in effect a parasite on the helper), rendering coexistence unlikely. We also show that deep learning is able to predict the outcome of competition just from the topology and the kinetic rate constants, provided the training set is large enough. These investigations pave the way for studying autocatalytic cycles with more complicated coupling, such as mutual catalysis.
Comparison of bioactive material failure rates in vital pulp treatment of permanent matured teeth – a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Komora Péter , Vámos Orsolya , Gede Noémi , Hegyi Péter , Kelemen Kata , Galvács Adél , Varga Gábor , Kerémi Beáta , Vág János 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is the gold standard for vital pulp treatment (VPT), but its superiority over novel calcium silicate-based cements in permanent teeth lacks systematic evidence. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of these materials in VPT through a network meta-analysis. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science until January 20, 2024. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials involving VPT with biomaterials and reversible or irreversible pulpitis diagnoses in mature permanent teeth. The primary outcome was the odds ratio (OR) of failure rates with 95% confidence intervals. In the 21 eligible trials, failure rates were significantly higher with calcium-hydroxide than MTA at six (OR 2.26 [1.52-3.36]), 12 (OR 2.53 [1.76-3.62]), and 24 months (OR 2.46 [1.60-3.79]). Failure rates for Totalfill at six (OR 1.19 [0.55-2.58]) and 12 months (OR 1.43 [0.71-2.92]), and Biodentine at six (OR 1.09 [0.66-1.78]), 12 (OR 1.21 [0.74-1.96]), and 24 months (OR 1.47 [0.81-2.68]) were not significantly different from MTA. The results were similar in the direct pulp capping subgroup, whereas, in the partial and full pulpotomy subgroup, there was not enough evidence to achieve significant differences. MTA, Biodentine, and Totalfill are the most efficient materials for VPT. However, calcium-hydroxide-based materials are not recommended in VPT.
Force reflections of auditory and tactile action-effect weighting in motor planning
Authors: Horváth János 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMost voluntary actions have only few goals, which provides considerable freedom in the selection of action parameters. Recent studies showed that task-irrelevant aspects of the task context influence the motor parameters of the actions in a way which seems to reflect the relative importance of these aspects within the underlying action representation. The present study investigated how the intensity of auditory action-effects affected force exertion patterns in a self-paced action production task. Participants applied force impulses with their index finger on a force-sensitive resistor every three seconds. In four separate conditions, force impulses elicited no sound, or elicited tones with 69, 59 or 49 dB intensity. The results showed that participants applied more force when tone intensity was lower, and when tones were absent. These force differences were also present in the first 60 ms following tone onset, implying that these reflected differences in motor planning. The results are compatible with the notion that actions are represented in terms of their sensory effects, which are weighted differently—presumably to maintain an optimal level of overall auditory and tactile stimulation in the present case. These results hint at the potential usefulness of motor parameters as readouts of action intentions.
Review of energy management systems and optimization methods for hydrogen‐based hybrid building microgrids
Authors: Sarwar Fahad Ali , Hernando‐Gil Ignacio , Vechiu Ionel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRenewable energy‐based microgrids (MGs) strongly depend on the implementation of energy storage technologies to optimize their functionality. Traditionally, electrochemical batteries have been the predominant means of energy storage. However, technological advancements have led to the recognition of hydrogen as a promising solution to address the long‐term energy requirements of microgrid systems. This study conducted a comprehensive literature review aimed at analysing and synthesizing the principal optimization and control methodologies employed in hydrogen‐based microgrids within the context of building microgrid infrastructures. A comparative assessment was conducted to evaluate the merits and disadvantages of the different approaches. The optimization techniques for energy management are categorized based on their predictability, deployment feasibility, and computational complexity. In addition, the proposed ranking system facilitates an understanding of its suitability for diverse applications. This review encompasses deterministic, stochastic, and cutting‐edge methodologies, such as machine learning‐based approaches, and compares and discusses their respective merits. The key outcome of this research is the classification of various energy management strategy methodologies for hydrogen‐based MG, along with a mechanism to identify which methodologies will be suitable under what conditions. Finally, a detailed examination of the advantages and disadvantages of various strategies for controlling and optimizing hybrid microgrid systems with an emphasis on hydrogen utilization is provided.
Frequency coupling suppression and SISO modelling for VSCs with DC‐link dynamics in weak grids
Authors: Wang Zhen , Pan Hao , Cheng Peng , Jia Limin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a frequency coupling suppression strategy for voltage source converters (VSCs) with DC‐link dynamics to address the challenges posed by the asymmetric system structures for system modelling and control design. The strategy introduces a reshaping outer loop into the q‐axis, which eliminates the conjugate voltages and currents induced by the DC‐link dynamics, to achieve decoupling of the DC‐link voltage control (DVC). Therefore, the VSC is modelled as a single‐input single‐output (SISO) admittance model, which provides clear physical insights for the analysis of admittance characteristics. Compared with the admittance matrix, the SISO model reveals the dominance of each control dynamics on VSC admittance in different frequency bands. This insight facilitates the exploration of optimized control strategies to improve the system stability margin. Based on the SISO model, a virtual admittance for compensating the negative resistive effect of the PLL is designed to illustrate the advantages of the proposed method in providing design‐oriented analysis. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Transcecal endoscopic appendectomy for management of complex appendiceal polyps extending into the appendiceal orifice
Authors: Keihanian Tara , Khalaf Mai A , Aloor Fuad Zain , Zamil Dina Hani , Jawaid Salmaan , Othman Mohamed O. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic resection of appendiceal
orifice (AO) polyps extending inside the appendiceal lumen is challenging given the inability
to determine polyp lateral margins and risk of appendicitis. Transcecal endoscopic
appendectomy (TEA) ensures en bloc resection of these complex polyps.
Patients and methods This case series includes patients who
underwent TEA by a single endoscopist in the United States. Technical success was defined as
achieving complete removal of the appendix along with AO polyp in an en bloc fashion.
Results In total, nine patients were included (mean age 69.7 ±
9.6 years). The average appendix size was 4.07 ± 2.02 cm. Technical success was achieved in
100% of the patients. The average procedure length was 118.1 ± 44.21 minutes. The en bloc
resection rate, R0 resection rate, and curative resection rates were 100%. Patients were
observed for an average of 3.1 ± 1.6 days. One patient developed loculated fluid collection 9
days post procedure, which resolved on its own with oral antibiotic therapy. No other adverse
events were recorded.
Conclusions This was an early study of the feasibility of TEA in
the United States. This novel technique, in early-stage development, is potentially safe and
associated with a minimal risk profile in expert hands. Further prospective studies are needed
to standardize the technique.
PIFA-Mediated Intramolecular Dearomatization of Phenol-Tethered 1,2-Diazoles: Synthesis of Spirocyclohexadienone-pyrazolo[3,4-b]piperidinones
Authors: Natarajan Pradeep , Bachhaley Pratibha , Tripathy Sweta , Vasantharaj P Ashok , Peruncheralathan Saravanan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the significance of spirocyclic motifs in drug discovery has increased, owing to their unique ability to engage biological targets. We present the first example of PIFA-mediated dearomative spirocyclization of phenol-tethered pyrazoles, highlighting intramolecular trapping by the pyrazole moiety. This method efficiently affords a variety of spirocyclohexadienone-pyrazolo[3,4-b]piperidinones with yields of up to 82%. Mechanistic studies reveal that the dearomatization process involves a cationic intermediate.
Effect of driving current profile on acceleration efficiency of electromagnetic railgun
Authors: Majumder Dipjyoti Balo , Verma Rishi , Aravind J. M. V. V. S. , Rao J. N. , Meena Manraj , Rongali Lakshman Rao , Sethi Bijayalaxmi , Sharma Archana 
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the effect of driving current profile on efficient utilization and conversion of stored electrical energy into kinetic energy of the projectile has been investigated for electromagnetic railgun systems. It has been experimentally evidenced and also corroborated by simulation results that the acceleration efficiency of railgun launcher is much higher for the case when the driving current feed has an over-damped unidirectional profile vs the case when an under-damped sinusoidal current of same amplitude is fed. To analyze this effect, a mathematical model has been developed incorporating dynamic resistance scaling and velocity dependent frictional effects. For the typical case of projectile weighing ∼8 g and input driving current amplitude of ∼220 kA, the estimated average force from the mathematical model simulation acting on the armature projectile increases from 1.4 to 3.83 kN, consequently resulting in an increase in velocity from 489 to 931 m/s and overall efficiency from 0.55% to 2% for the sinusoidal and unidirectional current profiles, respectively. Experimentally, a maximum velocity of ∼1024 m/s was obtained when a unidirectional over-damped current of similar amplitude was fed using a pulse shaping inductor in conjunction with a crowbar switch. The obtained experimental results of trials with different masses of armatures complement the results of the conceived mathematical model used in simulations. The marginal underestimation of the simulated velocity is due to the inevitable lacking in precise estimation of the frictional force and mass loss that dynamically occur in the projectile during acceleration.