bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial metabolism of sexual and asexual blood stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: MacRae James I , Dixon Matthew WA , Dearnley Megan K , Chua Hwa H , Chambers Jennifer M , Kenny Shannon , Bottova Iveta , Tilley Leann , McConville Malcolm J 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The carbon metabolism of the blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum, comprising rapidly dividing asexual stages and non-dividing gametocytes, is thought to be highly streamlined, with glycolysis providing most of the cellular ATP. However, these parasitic stages express all the enzymes needed for a canonical mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and it was recently proposed that they may catabolize glutamine via an atypical branched TCA cycle. Whether these stages catabolize glucose in the TCA cycle and what is the functional significance of mitochondrial metabolism remains unresolved.

Results
We reassessed the central carbon metabolism of P. falciparum asexual and sexual blood stages, by metabolically labeling each stage with 13C-glucose and 13C-glutamine, and analyzing isotopic enrichment in key pathways using mass spectrometry. In contrast to previous findings, we found that carbon skeletons derived from both glucose and glutamine are catabolized in a canonical oxidative TCA cycle in both the asexual and sexual blood stages. Flux of glucose carbon skeletons into the TCA cycle is low in the asexual blood stages, with glutamine providing most of the carbon skeletons, but increases dramatically in the gametocyte stages. Increased glucose catabolism in the gametocyte TCA cycle was associated with increased glucose uptake, suggesting that the energy requirements of this stage are high. Significantly, whereas chemical inhibition of the TCA cycle had little effect on the growth or viability of asexual stages, inhibition of the gametocyte TCA cycle led to arrested development and death.

Conclusions
Our metabolomics approach has allowed us to revise current models of P. falciparum carbon metabolism. In particular, we found that both asexual and sexual blood stages utilize a conventional TCA cycle to catabolize glucose and glutamine. Gametocyte differentiation is associated with a programmed remodeling of central carbon metabolism that may be required for parasite survival either before or after uptake by the mosquito vector. The increased sensitivity of gametocyte stages to TCA-cycle inhibitors provides a potential target for transmission-blocking drugs.
Molecular characterization of human adenovirus infection in Thailand, 2009–2012
Authors: Sriwanna Punsinee , Chieochansin Thaweesak , Vuthitanachot Chanpim , Vuthitanachot Viboonsuk , Theamboonlers Apiradee , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundHuman adenovirus (HAdV) can cause a wide spectrum of human diseases worldwide.MethodsUsing PCR and sequence analysis, we investigated HAdV infection prevalence in the Thai population for four years from January 2009 to December 2012. We collected Nasopharyngeal swab/aspirate (NP) specimens from patients in Bangkok, Khon Kaen, and Nakhon Si Thammarat province and fecal specimens only from Bangkok and Khon Kaen province.ResultsWe observed HAdV infection in 1.04% (82/7,921) of NP samples and in 5.84% (76/1,301) of fecal specimens. HAdV-B3 (32%) and HAdV-C1 (31%) were the genotypes most commonly associated with NP specimens followed by HAdV-C2 (13%) and HAdV-C5 (12%). In fecal specimens, we found that 25% harbored HAdV-F41 followed by HAdV-C1 (18%), HAdV-C2 (16%), and HAdV-B3 (13%). Out of all population subsets, children below the age of 3 years were the most likely to be HAdV positive (63.29%). In addition, HAdV infection occurred throughout the year without a seasonal distribution pattern, although HAdV infection of NP samples peaked from January-April while HAdV infection peaked from January to March and then again from May to July in fecal samples.ConclusionsThis study has for the first time reported the HAdV infection rate in Thai NP and fecal specimens from 2009–2012. We observed that HAdV-B3 and HAdV-C1 were commonly found in NP specimens, and that HAdV-F41 was the most prevalence in fecal specimens in Thailand during the study period.
Purifying synthetic high-strength wastewater by microalgae chlorella vulgaris under various light emitting diode wavelengths and intensities
Authors: Ge Zhigang , Zhang Hui , Zhang Yuejin , Yan Cheng , Zhao Yongjun 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The high-strength wastewater is now well known as a threat to the natural water since it is highly possible to arouse water eutrophication or algal blooms. The effects of various light emitting diode wavelengths and intensities on the microalgae biological wastewater treatment system was studied in this research. The various nutrient removals and economic efficiencies represented similar variation trends, and these variations under both high C and N loading treatments were similar too. The order for microalgae C. vulgaris reproduction in terms of dry weight and nutrient removal efficiency both were red > white > yellow > blue, under high carbon and nitrogen loading treatments, indicating that the red light was the optimum light wavelength. Furthermore, considering the optimal light intensity in terms of nutrient removal efficiency was 2500 and 2000 μmol/m2•s, while in terms of economic efficiency was 1000, 1500 and 2000 μmol/m2•s. Therefore, the optimum light intensity was found to be 2000 μmol/m2•s. In addition, the optimal experimental illumination time was determined as 120 h. The Chlorella vulgaris microalgae biological wastewater treatment system utilized in this research was able to purify the high-strength carbon and nitrogen wastewater effectively under optimum light wavelength and intensity.
Amoxicillin separation from pharmaceutical wastewater by high permeability polysulfone nanofiltration membrane
Authors: Derakhsheshpoor Reza , Homayoonfal Maryam , Akbari Ahmad , Mehrnia Mohammad Reza 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this study, high permeability flat sheet polysulfone nanofiltration membranes were prepared for amoxicillin (AMX) recovery from pharmaceutical wastewater. Membrane fabrication includes two steps: raw ultrafiltration membrane synthesis by phase inversion method and nanaofiltration membrane synthesis by surface photopolymerization. Raw ultrafiltration membranes were synthesized using different molecular weights of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as pore former and different coagulation bath temperatures (CBTs). The synthesized ultrafiltration membranes were modified using UV-assisted polymerization technique and their performance in the separation of AMX at different pHs, were studied. The results showed that the more irradiation time, the smaller surface pore size. Moreover, the membranes made with higher molecular weight of PEG and coagulation bath temperatures were more susceptible for UV-modification at these conditions; fabricated membranes had higher flux as well as relatively high AMX separation. Moreover, pH enhancement increased AMX rejection by 85%. The effect of irradiation on membrane surface morphology was studied by SEM surface images and the morphological effects of pore former and coagulation bath temperatures on membrane structure were confirmed by SEM cross section images. A fairly comprehensive discussion about the effects of PEG, coagulation bath temperature and irradiation time on membrane structure and AMX recovery performance was represented in this study.
Nutrition research in the first decade of 21st century in Iran: the necessity of road Map
Authors: Khoshnevisan Farnaz , Hajifaraji Majid , Salarkia Nahid , Aminpour Azadeh , Rassi Maryam , Abbassgholi Nargess , Tarighi Payam , Shakiba Madjid 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDue to important role of nutrition research in understanding of relevant health subjects and lack of periodic situation analysis of nutrition articles in Iran, this study was conducted to assess nutrition publications in two time intervals of 2001–2005 and 2006–2010 in Farsi scientific journals. A title to title search was performed in all medical, basic science, agricultural and veterinary journals in a 10-year period. All the article titles were placed in techniques, foods, nutritional biochemistry and physiology, nutrition and health, and clinical nutrition subject headings based on Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews Series A (NARA) database. The publication type and the study design were also determined. Statistical analysis was carried out by chi square to test temporal changes. There were 2127 Farsi publications. The original articles consisted 98.1% of the articles. Interventional and survey articles composed 28.1% and 20.8% of the publication types, respectively. Researchers were mostly interested in descriptive articles. Regarding subject, nutrition and health, and clinical nutrition were of the first and second time period interests, respectively. In comparison between the two time periods, regarding subject heading, the proportion of nutrition and health publications showed a significant decline; while, the proportion of clinical nutrition publication showed a remarkable rise. The publication type, subject and study design of the article do not follow coordinated planning and policy making. Therefore, these researches are not efficient enough to solve nutritional problems in our community properly. Planning of the research priorities in the field of food and nutrition with the agreement and participation of all stakeholders is a necessity.
SMART: scalable and modular augmented reality template for rapid development of engineering visualization applications
Authors: Dong Suyang , Kamat Vineet R 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Background
The visualization of civil infrastructure systems and processes is critical for the validation and communication of computer generated models to decision-makers. Augmented Reality (AR) visualization blends real-world information with graphical 3D models to create informative composite views that are difficult to create or replicate on the computer alone.

Methods
This paper presents a scalable and extensible mobile computing framework that allows users to readily create complex outdoor AR visual applications. The technical challenges of building this reusable framework from the software and hardware perspectives are described.

Results
SMART is a generic and loosely-coupled software computing framework for creating AR visual applications with accurate registration algorithms and visually credible occlusion effects. While SMART is independent of any specific hardware realization, ARMOR is built as a hardware implementation of SMART to test its algorithm correctness and its adaption to engineering applications. In particular, ARMOR is a modular mobile hardware platform designed for user position and orientation tracking, as well as augmented view display.

Conclusion
The framework has been validated in several case studies, including the visualization of underground utilities for excavator control and collision avoidance to demonstrate SMART’s rapid creation of complex AR visual applications.
Combining photogrammetry and robotic total stations to obtain dimensional measurements of temporary facilities in construction field
Authors: Siu Ming-Fung Francis , Lu Ming , AbouRizk Simaan 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and visualization of temporary site facilities is instrumental in revealing potential space conflicts and refining time and cost estimates. This research focuses on implementation of photo-based 3D modeling in a time-dependent, dynamically-changing context.

Methods
We propose a cost-effective modeling technique to obtain dynamic dimension measurements of a moving object. The methodology resulting from integrating photo-based 3D modeling and robotic total station tracking technologies better caters to the application needs of visualization and measurement in construction that are critical to operational safety and structural accuracy. The computational foundation of photogrammetry is first addressed then the modeling procedure and the system design described.

Results
In a module assembly yard, a rigging system being lifted by a mobile crane was identified as the moving object. The length and the length changes of twelve slings on a newly-engineered rigging system at different stateswere measured in order to ensure quality and safety.

Conclusion
The proposed technique relies on utilizing two robotic total stations and three cameras and provides a simple, safe and effective solution to monitor the dimensional changes of a temporary facility in the construction field.
Visualization of CCTV coverage in public building space using BIM technology
Authors: Chen Huan-Ting , Wu Si-Wei , Hsieh Shang-Hsien 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Nowadays, the use of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) systems is effective for monitoring traffic, preventing crime, and ensuring safety in many public spaces. However, the effectiveness of CCTV coverage is often achieved through design experience and trial-and-error, instead of being evaluated and visualized using a robust approach.

Methods
Firstly, a method for simulating varifocal CCTV lenses in order to attain different fields of view was developed, allowing real CCTV views to be approximated by adjusting the parametric properties of simulated CCTV cameras in the 3D BIM model. Secondly, an API (Application Programming Interface) plug-in program for a commercially available BIM tool was developed to facilitate the parametric modeling of CCTV systems and the evaluation of the CCTV coverage.

Results
A complete BIM model of an MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) station was chosen as a case study to apply the developed approach to the examination of CCTV coverage. Finally, the overall coverage of the CCTV systems for the MRT station were demonstrated visually and studied in the station's BIM model.

Conclusions
This research has developed a robust visualization approach for evaluating the coverage of CCTV systems in public building spaces. The developed approach is based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and is capable of simulating CCTV systems in a 3D virtual environment in order to evaluate the CCTV coverage.
Exploring the potential of the platelet membrane proteome as a source of peripheral biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Donovan Laura E , Dammer Eric B , Duong Duc M , Hanfelt John J , Levey Allan I , Seyfried Nicholas T , Lah James J 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Peripheral biomarkers to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not been established. Given parallels between neuron and platelet biology, we hypothesized platelet membrane-associated protein changes may differentiate patients clinically defined with probable AD from noncognitive impaired controls.

Methods
Purified platelets, confirmed by flow cytometry were obtained from individuals before fractionation by ultracentrifugation. Following a comparison of individual membrane fractions by SDS-PAGE for general proteome uniformity, equal protein weight from the membrane fractions for five representative samples from AD and five samples from controls were pooled. AD and control protein pools were further divided into molecular weight regions by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE, prior to digestion in gel. Tryptic peptides were analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Ionized peptide intensities were averaged for each identified protein in the two pools, thereby measuring relative protein abundance between the two membrane protein pools. Log2-transformed ratio (AD/control) of protein abundances fit a normal distribution, thereby permitting determination of significantly changed protein abundances in the AD pool.

Results
We report a comparative analysis of the membrane-enriched platelet proteome between patients with mild to moderate AD and cognitively normal, healthy subjects. A total of 144 proteins were determined significantly altered in the platelet membrane proteome from patients with probable AD. In particular, secretory (alpha) granule proteins were dramatically reduced in AD. Of these, we confirmed significant reduction of thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) in the AD platelet membrane proteome by immunoblotting. There was a high protein-protein connectivity of proteins in other pathways implicated by proteomic changes to the proteins that define secretory granules.

Conclusions
Depletion of secretory granule proteins is consistent with a preponderance of post-activated platelets in circulation in AD. Significantly changed pathways implicate additional AD-related defects in platelet glycoprotein synthesis, lipid homeostasis, amyloidogenic proteins, and regulators of protease activity, many of which may be useful plasma membrane-expressed markers for AD. This study highlights the utility of LC-MS/MS to quantify human platelet membrane proteins and suggests that platelets may serve as a source of blood-based biomarkers in neurodegenerative disease.
Dense Pattern of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma, a Lesion Easily Confused With Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Rudzinski Erin R. , Teot Lisa A. , Anderson James R. , Moore Julie , Bridge Julia A. , Barr Frederic G. , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Skapek Stephen X. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Parham David M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
To examine whether the frequency of fusion-negative alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMSn) increased coincident with changes in the definition of alveolar histology.

Methods:
We re-reviewed alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) in the Children’s Oncology Group study D9803, comparing histopathology with fusion status.

Results:
Our review of 255 original ARMS cases (compared with a control group of 38 embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas [ERMS] cases) revealed that many had an ARMS-like densely cellular pattern with cytologic features and myogenin expression more typical of ERMS. Following re-review, 84 (33%) cases of original ARMS were rediagnosed as ERMS. All reclassified ERMS, including dense ERMS, were fusion negative, whereas 82% of confirmed ARMS cases were fusion positive. Total ARMS diagnoses returned to historic rates of 25% to 30% of all rhabdomyosarcomas, and ARMSn decreased from 37% to 18% of ARMS cases. The outcome of reclassified ERMS was similar to confirmed ERMS.

Conclusions:
To address the role of fusion status in risk stratification, pathologists should include both a histologic diagnosis and an evaluation of fusion status for all new ARMS diagnoses.
Successive B-Cell Lymphomas Mostly Reflect Recurrences Rather Than Unrelated Primary Lymphomas
Authors: Geurts-Giele Willemina R. R. , Wolvers-Tettero Ingrid L. M. , Dinjens Winand N. M. , Lam King H. , Langerak Anton W. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
To address whether successive B-cell lymphomas, diagnosed within a 5- to 15-year interval, are recurrences or unrelated primary lymphomas.

Methods:
Immunoglobulin heavy and κ light chain gene rearrangements were studied using multiplex polymerase chain reaction fragment assays and sequence analysis in 61 patients.

Results:
Clonal patterns of the multiple lymphomas from 36 patients were determined and classified accordingly: 30 recurrences, 2 possible recurrences, 2 different clones with a common origin, and 2 unrelated primary lymphomas.

Conclusions:
Regardless of subtype, 89% to 94% of late B-cell lymphoma relapses were recurrences of the primary tumor. Therefore, routinely investigating the possible clonal relationship between successive lymphomas may not be warranted except for specific lymphoma subtypes such as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.
Multicriteria similarity models for medical diagnostic support algorithms
Authors: Ameljańczyk Andrzej 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The paper presents a general procedure model for the identification of diagnostic medical patterns based on multicriteria assessment of similarity. A general similarity detection area was defined, in which a pattern recognition optimization problem was formulated. An exemplary algorithm supporting the process of determining the initial medical diagnosis based on the identified disease symptoms and risk factors is presented. The presented algorithm allows for determining a set of diseases from which there is none more probable, and their ranking.
An introduction to watermarking of medical images
Authors: Wójtowicz Wioletta 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This paper provides a preliminary investigation on digital watermarking as an effective technology to protect property rights and limit distribution of multimedia data. First, crucial properties and design requirements of watermarking schemes are discussed. Then, as watermarking techniques finds many applications in healthcare industry, aspects of medical image watermarking are raised. Nowadays, the transmission of digitized medical information has become very easy due to the generality of Internet. However, the digital form of these images can easily be manipulated and degraded. This causes problems of medical security and copyright protection and poses a great challenge to privacy protection using watermarking techniques.
Heart rate variability assessment with rational-dilation wavelet transform
Authors: Buchner Teodor , Grzyb Grzegorz , Krzesiński Paweł 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Wavelet transform on a rational dilation is proposed as a method of assessment of spectral power in low and high frequency (LF and HF, respectively) bands for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. One of the unique properties of this method is a possibility to align the band limits of certain scales with the limits of ranges LF and HF used in HRV analysis. The method parameters are optimized for use in the context of HRV analysis. Suitable examples are tilt test recordings analyzed using the optimized rational-dilation wavelet transform method.
Learner-generated versus author-provided computer-based flow diagrams in medical education
Authors: Kononowicz Andrzej A. , Kenig Jakub 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Graphic organizers are popular tools which support meaningful learning. The aim of this study was to compare the learning outcomes of two educational scenarios involving the use of learner-generated or author-provided flow diagrams. Thirty-six third to fifth year medical students worked in pairs in the ‘Bit Pathways’ computer-aided learning environment. The group using author-provided graphic organizers performed significantly better on a knowledge retention test 1 month after the learning activity, requiring less preparatory time than the group generating their own graphic organizers (Cohen’s d effect size=0.84, p=0.03). Students liked both learning activities; however, the preference for learning-by-viewing was clear. Students’ quality of flow diagrams were correlated positively with the outcomes of the knowledge post-test (Spearman’s R=0.75, p=0.03). The generally poor quality of learner-generated diagrams indicated that better guided instructional designs for the learning-by-doing scenario are needed. This paper outlines further development directions of both tested scenarios.
Serious games in medicine
Authors: Szczęsna Agnieszka 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Computer and video games are increasingly being used for serious purposes and not only for entertainment. In recent years, we have observed a very fast market development of serious games, which are used for education, simulation, research, health, and therapy purposes. This article describes the main features of serious games used for health. This group of serious games includes health promotion games (for example, game on healthy nutrition, physical activity), games with information about diseases and treatment procedures, rehabilitation games (also known as “exergames”), games for cognitive distraction during painful medical procedures, and games with psychology content. Three examples of serious games for health were described in this article. This article also presents the design prototype of a psychology-centered serious game, Mission – Master Your Fear, which focuses on issues and problems of preschool children.