bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kisspeptin expression levels in patients with placenta previa: A randomized trial
Authors: Katirci Yunus , Kocaman Adem , Ozdemir Ayse Zehra 
Published: July 2024

Background:
This study aimed to explore the potential influence of kisspeptin (KISS1) levels on the etiology of placenta previa for early pregnancy diagnosis.

Methods:
The study included 20 pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa and 20 pregnant woman with normal pregnancies between 2021 and 2022. Plasma KISS1 levels were determined through biochemical analysis, while genetic analysis assessed KISS1 and KISS1 receptor gene expression levels. Immunohistochemical methods were employed to determine placenta KISS1 levels.

Results:
The evaluation of KISS1 concentration in serum revealed a significant decrease in the placenta previa group compared to the control group (P < .001). KISS1 gene expression level 0.043-fold decreased in the placenta previa group (P < .001). Furthermore, the KISS1 receptor gene expression level increased 170-fold in the placenta previa group.

Conclusions:
Results from biochemical, immunohistochemical, and genetic analyses consistently indicated significantly reduced KISS1 expression in patients with placenta previa. These findings suggest a potential link between diminished KISS1 levels and the occurrence of placenta previa. KISS1 may play a critical role in the etiology of placenta previa. Detailed studies on angiogenesis, cell migration and tissue modeling should be conducted to understand possible mechanisms.
Postmenopausal giant uterine adenomyoma with adipose metaplasia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Qing Xuemei , Xie Min , Guo Hongying , Xie Bangfang , Huang Hailong , Zhang Yong , Ma Ying 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:
Uterine adenomyomas (UAs) are common benign tumors, usually not exceeding 280 g or the weight of the uterus at 12 weeks gestation. Postmenopausal giant UAs of diameter larger than 20 cm are rare, as well as steatosis, but curable by surgical excision. Few cases of postmenopausal giant UAs have been reported.

Patient concerns:
Herein, we report a case of a 70-year-old female patient who presented with a giant pelvic tumor of about 20 cm × 18 cm × 20 cm with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, and whose radiographic manifestations did not exclude the possibility of uterine malignancy.

Diagnoses:
Histopathology confirms an adenomyoma with partial adipose metaplasia.

Interventions:
We did an open laparotomy of hysterectomy, bi-adnexectomy, and pelvic adhesion release for the patient.

Outcomes:
Pathology revealed adenomyoma with adipose metaplasia. The patient recovered well and was discharged on postoperative day 7 with satisfactory follow-up.
Multiple myeloma with secondary amyloidosis: Dysphagia as the first symptom: A case report
Authors: Xue Bing , Li Liang , Ma Shanshan 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:
Multiple myeloma (MM) with secondary amyloidosis (AL) is a rare clonal plasma cell proliferation disease, which causes dysfunction of multiple organs and tissues. We report a case of dysphagia as the first symptom in a patient with MM and secondary AL.

Patient concerns:
The patient was a 73-year-old female, was admitted to our hospital, because of progressive dysphagia for 4 months and limb weakness for 1 month.

Diagnoses:
The bone marrow smear and pathology diagnosis revealed the presence of MM, while the biceps myopathy diagnosis indicated AL.

Interventions:
The VCD regimen consisted of bortezomib at a dosage of 1.9 mg on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, cyclophosphamide 0.4 g on days 1, 8, and 15, and dexamethasone at a dosage of 40 mg on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. The patient simultaneously received comprehensive treatment including anti-infective therapy, enhanced cardiac function, and nutritional support.

Outcomes:
The M protein in the blood and urine protein were negative, indicating a reduction in bone marrow plasma cells to 2%. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a minimal percentage 0.04%. As a result, complete remission was achieved.

Lessons:
The clinical manifestations of MM exhibit a wide range, with the symptoms of secondary injury causing significant disturbing, while the atypical symptoms of extramedullary manifestations pose challenges in diagnosing the disease.
A rare cause of small bowel obstruction caused by duodenum-derived aggressive fibromatosis with β-catenin T41A mutation: A case analysis
Authors: Zhao Dewen , Wang Xinguang 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:
Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) is a fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumor known for its locally aggressive properties. Intra-abdominal AF primarily occurs in the small intestine mesentery, ileocolic mesocolon, omentum, retroperitoneum, and pelvis, and rarely originates from the intestinal wall. Here, we report a rare case of small bowel obstruction caused by duodenum-derived AF with β-catenin (CTNNB1) T41A mutation.

Patient concerns:
A 35-year-old male had a 4-month history of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which gradually worsened over time.

Diagnoses:
Based on the results of CT examination, histopathology and Sanger sequencing, the patient was diagnosed with small bowel obstruction caused by duodenum-derived AF.

Interventions:
Due to the extensive adhesion between the tumor and surrounding tissue, it is extremely challenging to completely remove the tumor through surgical resection with negative margins in this case. In order not to damage the function of surrounding vital organs, gastrojejunostomy was performed to relieve the symptoms of small bowel obstruction.

Outcomes:
The patient experienced a successful recovery. It is important to note that this patient is still at risk of local recurrence and requires regular follow-up.

Lessons:
The best treatment should be taken based on the individual patient to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. Moreover, histopathology plays a crucial role in diagnosing and differentiating duodenum-derived AF. The detection of mutations in exon 3 of the CTNNB1 has become strong evidence for diagnosing duodenum-derived AF.
Collaborative Care Cost-Sharing and Referral Rates in Colorado
Authors: Cliff Betsy Q. , Xie Tiffany H. , Laiteerapong Neda 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Collaborative care integrates mental health treatment into primary care and has been shown effective. Yet even in states where its use has been encouraged, take-up remains low and there are potential financial barriers to care.

Objective:
Describe patient out-of-pocket costs and variations in referral patterns for collaborative care in Colorado.

Research Design:
Retrospective observational study using administrative medical claims data to identify outpatient visits with collaborative care. For individuals with ≥1 visit, we measure spending and visits at the month level. Among physicians with billings for collaborative care, we measure prevalence of eligible patients with collaborative care utilization.

Subjects:
Patients with Medicare, Medicare Advantage, or commercial health insurance in Colorado, 2018–2019

Outcomes:
Out-of-pocket costs (enrollee payments to clinicians), total spending (insurer+enrollee payments to clinicians), percent of patients billed collaborative care.

Results:
Median total spending (insurer+patient cost) was $48.32 (IQR: $41–$53). Median out-of-pocket cost per month in collaborative care was $8.35 per visit (IQR: $0–$10). Patients with commercial insurance paid the most per month (median: $15); patients with Medicare Advantage paid the least (median: $0). Among clinicians billing for collaborative care (n=193), a mean of 12 percent of eligible patients utilized collaborative care; family practice and advanced practice clinicians' patients utilized it most often.

Conclusions:
Collaborative care remains underused with fewer than 1 in 6 potentially eligible patients receiving care in this setting. Out-of-pocket costs varied, though were generally low; uncertainty about costs may contribute to low uptake.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Access to HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: Lessons for Future Public Health Crises
Authors: Wulandari Luh Putu Lila , Negara Srila Nirmithya Salita , Mashuri Yusuf Ari , Wahyuningtias Siska Dian , Putra I. Wayan Cahyadi Surya Distira , Subronto Yanri W. , Ahmad Riris Andono , Thabrany Hasbullah , Guy Rebecca , Law Matthew , Hammoud Mohamed , Bavinton Benjamin B. , Kaldor John , Medland Nicholas , Liverani Marco , Probandari Ari , Boettiger David , Wiseman Virginia 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The World Health Organization is committed to strengthening access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention and its integration into primary care services. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the delivery of primary care, including HIV-related services. To determine the extent of this disruption, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the changes in access to PrEP services during the pandemic and the reasons for these changes.

Methods:
A search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cinahl for studies published between January 2020 and January 2023. Selected articles described self-reported disruptions to PrEP service access associated with the COVID-19 pandemic or its responses. Pooled effect sizes were computed using a random-effects model.

Results:
Thirteen studies involving 12,652 PrEP users were included in our analysis. The proportion of participants reporting a disruption in access to PrEP services during the COVID-19 pandemic ranged from 3% to 56%, with a pooled proportion of 21% (95% confidence intervals: 8% to 38%). Social restrictions, financial constraints, and limited health insurance coverage were key factors affecting access to PrEP services during the pandemic.

Conclusions:
To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to quantify the extent of disruptions to accessing PrEP services because of the COVID-19 pandemic. To increase the ability of primary care services to maintain PrEP services during public health crises, a mixture of strategies is worth considering. These include multi-month PrEP prescriptions, telehealth services, deployment of peer support groups to provide a community-based service or home delivery, and provision of financial support interventions.
Update on RYR1-related myopathies
Authors: Ogasawara Masashi , Nishino Ichizo 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
RYR1-related myopathy (RYR1-RM) is a group of myopathies caused by mutations in the RYR1 gene, which encodes the ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1). This review discusses recent advances in the clinical features, pathology, pathogenesis, and therapeutics of RYR1-RM.

Recent findings
Although treatments such as salbutamol, pyridostigmine, and N-acetylcysteine have been explored as potential therapies for RYR1-RM, none have been conclusively proven to be effective. However, recent clinical trials of Rycal ARM210 in patients with RYR1-RM have shown promising results, including reduced fatigue and improved proximal muscle strength.
Recent advances in three-dimensional structural analysis of RYR1 channels, facilitated by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), have elucidated the distinct molecular mechanisms underlying RYR1 functionality. Additionally, high-throughput screening methods, including FRET-based and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-based assays, have been successful in identifying potential candidates for the treatment of RYR1-RM.

Summary
Recent advances in clinical and pathological understanding have provided new insights into RYR1-RM. Novel pathomechanisms elucidated by cryo-EM and rapid screening methods have led to the identification of several promising drug candidates. We are hopeful about the potential of Rycal, other new drugs, and gene therapy, offering a promising outlook for the future.
The role of human involvement and support in digital mental health interventions for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a critical review
Authors: Arnautovska Urska , Milton Alyssa , Trott Mike , Soole Rebecca , Siskind Dan 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SDD) are characterized by a complex array of psychosis symptoms, and typically require ongoing and long-term support, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological management. Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) have been suggested as a novel therapeutic approach to enable low-cost, scalable improvements in quality of care for adults living with SSD. However, the types and role of human involvement and support within DMHIs is currently unknown.

Recent findings
Several recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have investigated the potential efficacy of DMHIs for people with SSD, with scant yet emerging systematic evidence on the effects of human support within DMHIs on mental health outcomes. Further, several recent individual studies examined the efficacy of DMHIs with human support among people with SSD and provided valuable insights into the potential key elements of such support on outcomes relevant to this population.

Summary
The current critical review provides the first narrative synthesis of available evidence to guide clinicians and intervention develops in designing DMHIs with adequate human support that may enhance long-term outcomes of people living with SSD.
A variational deep-learning approach to modeling memory T cell dynamics
Authors: van Dorp Christiaan H. , Gray Joshua I. , Paik Daniel H. , Farber Donna L. , Yates Andrew J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMechanistic models of dynamic, interacting cell populations have yielded many insights into the growth and resolution of immune responses. Historically these models have described the behavior of pre-defined cell types based on small numbers of phenotypic markers. The ubiquity of deep pheno-typing therefore presents a new challenge; how do we confront tractable and interpretable mathematical models with high-dimensional data? To tackle this problem, we studied the development and persistence of lung-resident memory CD4 and CD8 T cells (TRM) in mice infected with influenza virus. We developed an approach in which dynamical model parameters and the population structure are inferred simultaneously. This method uses deep learning and stochastic variational inference and is trained on the single-cell flow-cytometry data directly, rather than on the kinetics of pre-identified clusters. We show that during the resolution phase of the immune response, memory CD4 and CD8 T cells within the lung are phenotypically diverse, with subsets exhibiting highly distinct and time-dependent dynamics. TRMheterogeneity is maintained long-term by ongoing differentiation of relatively persistent Bcl-2hi CD4 and CD8 TRMsubsets which resolve into distinct functional populations. Our approach yields new insights into the dynamics of tissue-localized immune memory, and is a novel basis for interpreting time series of high-dimensional data, broadly applicable to diverse biological systems.
Loss of the systemic vitamin A transporter RBPR2 affects the quantitative balance between chromophore and opsins in visual pigment synthesis
Authors: Radhakrishnan Rakesh , Leung Matthias , Lor Anjelynt , More Swati , Lobo Glenn P. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe distribution of dietary vitamin A/all-transretinol (ROL) throughout the body is critical for maintaining retinoid function in peripheral tissues and for generating visual pigments for photoreceptor cell function. ROL circulates in the blood bound to the retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) as RBP4-ROL. Two membrane receptors, RBPR2 in the liver and STRA6 in the eye are proposed to bind circulatory RBP4 and this mechanism is critical for internalizing ROL into cells. Here, we present a longitudinal investigation towards the importance of RBPR2 and influence of the diet on systemic retinoid homeostasis for visual function. Age matchedRbpr2-KO (Rbpr2-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed either a vitamin A sufficient (VAS) or a vitamin A deficient (VAD) diet. At 3- and 6-months, we performed retinoid quantification of ocular and non-ocular tissues using HPLC analysis and complemented the data with visual physiology, rhodopsin quantification by spectrophotometry, and biochemical analysis. At 3-months and compared to WT mice,Rbpr2-/-mice fed either vitamin A diets displayed lower scotopic and photopic electroretinogram (ERG) responses, which correlated with HPLC analysis that revealedRbpr2-/-mice had significantly lower hepatic and ocular retinoid content. Interestingly, with the exception of the liver, long-term feeding ofRbpr2-/-mice with a VAS diet promoted all-transretinol accumulation in most peripheral tissues. However, even under VAS dietary conditions significant amounts of unliganded opsins in rods, together with decreased visual responses were evident in aged mice lacking RBPR2, when compared to WT mice. Together, our analyses characterize the molecular events underlying nutritional blindness in a novel mouse model and indicate that loss of the liver specific RBP4-ROL receptor, RBPR2, influences systemic retinoid homeostasis and rhodopsin synthesis, which causes profound visual function defects under severe vitamin A deficiency conditions.
A molecular view into the structure and dynamics of phase-separated chromatin
Authors: Golembeski Andrew , Lequieu Joshua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe organization of chromatin is critical for gene expression, yet the underlying mechanisms responsible for this organization remain unclear. Recent work has suggested that phase separation might play an important role in chromatin organization, yet the molecular forces that drive chromatin phase separation are poorly understood. In this work we interrogate a molecular model of chromatin to quantify the driving forces and thermodynamics of chromatin phase separation. By leveraging a multiscale approach, our molecular model is able to reproduce chromatin’s chemical and structural details at the level of nanometers, yet remain efficient enough to simulate chromatin phase separation across 100 nm length scales. We first demonstrate that our model can reproduce key experiments of phase separating nucleosomal arrays, and then apply our model to quantify the interactions that drive their formation into chromatin condensates with either liquid- or solid-like material properties. We next use our model to characterize the molecular structure within chromatin condensates and find that this structure is irregularly ordered and is inconsistent with existing 30 nm fiber models. Lastly we examine how post-translational modifications can modulate chromatin phase separation and how the acetylation of chromatin can lead to chromatin decompaction while still preserving phase separation. Taken together, our work provides a molecular view into the structure and dynamics of phase-separated chromatin and provides new insights into how phase separation might manifest in the nucleus of living cells.
Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Alterations in Adults Born Preterm: An Observational Comparative Study
Authors: Deprez Alyson , El-Jalbout Ramy , Cloutier Anik , Gagnon Dany H. , Hamelin Andréa Gagnon , Mathieu Marie-Eve , Kugathasan Thiffya A , Dumont Nicolas A. , Nuyt Anne Monique , Luu Thuy Mai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrematurity is associated with reduced exercise capacity, which relies on the integrity of the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and skeletal muscle systems. Our animal model mimicking prematurity-associated conditions showed altered muscle composition and atrophy in adulthood. This study aimed to compare muscle composition and strength in adults born preterm versus full-term controls. This observational cohort study recruited 55 adults born preterm, ≤29 weeks’ of gestation and 53 full-term controls who underwent musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging to assess morphology of the rectus femoris at rest and during a maximal voluntary contraction. Maximal voluntary contraction of the hands and legs were measured by manual dynamometry. In adults born preterm, there was a reduction in muscle strength (handgrip: -4.8 kg, 95% CI -9.1, -0.6; knee extensor: -44.6 N/m, 95% CI -63.4, -25.8) and muscle area (-130 mm2, 95% CI -207, -53), which was more pronounced with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Muscle stiffness was increased in the preterm group (0.4 m/s, 95% CI 0.04, 0.7). Prematurity is associated with alterations in skeletal muscle composition, area, and function in adulthood. These findings highlight the necessity to implement preventive and/or curative approaches to improve muscle development and function following preterm birth to enhance overall health in this population.What’s known on This SubjectPreterm birth is associated with reduced exercise capacity. However, the impact of preterm birth on skeletal muscle, a critical player of exercise capacity, in adulthood remains unclear.What This Study AddsOur findings provide novel insights into the potential long-term effects of preterm birth and the contributions of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on peripheral muscle-related health outcomes, such as muscle composition (reduced muscle area and increased muscle stiffness) and function (reduced muscle strength).
Trends in prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy among Bangladeshi women from 2007 to 2018: A comparative analysis of multiple Demographic Health Surveys
Authors: Karim Farhana , Khan Abdullah Nurus Salam , Chowdhury Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir , Haque Tahmidul , Rokonuzzaman SM , Lotus Sharif Uddin , Billah Sk Masum , Khan Muhammad Sanowar , Siraj Md. Shahjahan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnintended pregnancy is a global challenge, particularly prevalent in developing regions, with significant negative impacts on women’s health and well-being. Bangladesh has made progress in fertility decline but still faces challenges due to high rates of unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and limited contraceptive use.MethodsThe analysis utilized secondary data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS) conducted in 2007, 2011, 2014, and 2017-18. The surveys employed a nationally representative sampling frame using a two-stage sampling technique, covering residential households across Bangladesh. The study included 28042 ever-married women aged 15-49 from the four surveys. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests examined the relationships between the explanatory and dependent variables. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine the adjusted effects of the selected factors, presenting the results as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Stata 15 software was used for data analysis, with (p < 0.05) considered statistically significant.ResultsThe percentage of unintended pregnancies decreased from 29% in 2007 to 21% in 2017-18. Mothers aged 20-29 years had lower likelihood of unintended pregnancy (OR: 0.73-0.81), compared to aged 30 years and above (OR: 1.40). Mothers with secondary education were more likely to have unintended pregnancy in 2007 (OR: 1.28), but less likely in 2011 (OR: 0.75). Employed mothers had higher likelihood of unintended pregnancy (OR: 1.19-1.31), while Muslim mothers had higher likelihood in 2011 and 2014 (OR: 1.33-1.53), but lower likelihood in 2017-18 (OR: 0.73). Unmet need for contraception was consistently associated with higher odds of unintended pregnancy (OR: 2.12-3.94).ConclusionUnintended pregnancies in Bangladesh have decreased over the past decade, but still pose challenges for women’s reproductive health. Targeted efforts are needed to address factors such as poverty, education, contraception access, and cultural norms to further reduce unintended pregnancies and improve maternal and child well-being.