bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in HPV-Positive Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer and Their Partners
Authors: D'Souza Gypsyamber , Gross Neil D. , Pai Sara I. , Haddad Robert , Anderson Karen S. , Rajan Shirani , Gerber Jennifer , Gillison Maura L. , Posner Marshall R. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose To better understand oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cancer risk among long-term sexual partners of patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC). Patients and Methods An oral rinse sample, risk factor survey, cancer history, and oral examination (partners only) were collected from patients with HPV-OPC and their partners. Oral rinse samples were evaluated for 36 types of HPV DNA using PGMY 09/11 primers and line-blot hybridization and HPV16 copy number using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Oral HPV prevalence was compared with infection among those age 45 to 65 years using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010. Results A total of 164 patients with HPV-OPC and 93 of their partners were enrolled. Patients were primarily men (90%), were never-smokers (51%), and had performed oral sex (97%), with a median age of 56 years; they had a high prevalence of oncogenic oral HPV DNA (61%) and oral HPV16 DNA (54%) at enrollment. Female partners had comparable oncogenic oral HPV prevalence compared with members of the general population of the same age (1.2% v 1.3%). Among the six male partners, no oncogenic oral HPV infections were detected. No precancers or cancers were identified during partner oral cancer screening examinations. However, a history of cervical disease was reported by nine partners (10.3%) and two female patients (11.8%), and three patients (2.0%) reported a previous partner who developed invasive cervical cancer. Conclusion Oral HPV16 DNA is commonly detected among patients with HPV-OPC at diagnosis, but not among their partners. Partners of patients with HPV-OPC do not seem to have elevated oral HPV infection compared with the general population.
Blunted Day-Night Changes in Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Frequency in Girls With Obesity: the Potential Role of Hyperandrogenemia
Authors: Collins Jessicah S. , Beller Jennifer P. , Burt Solorzano Christine , Patrie James T. , Chang R. Jeffrey , Marshall John C. , McCartney Christopher R. 
Published: April 2014

Context:Puberty is marked by sleep-associated changes in LH pulse frequency and amplitude. Early pubertal girls with obesity exhibit blunted day-to-night changes in LH secretion; whether this occurs in late pubertal obese girls is unknown.Objective:The objective of the study was to test two hypotheses: 1) blunted day-to-night changes in LH secretion occur in both early and late pubertal obese girls, and 2) such alterations are specifically associated with hyperandrogenemia.Design:This was a cross-sectional analysis.Setting:The study was conducted at a clinical research center.Patients or Other Participants:Twenty-seven early pubertal, premenarcheal girls (12 of whom were obese) and 63 late pubertal (postmenarcheal) girls (27 of whom were obese) participated in the study.Intervention:Blood samples were taken every 10 minutes from 7:00 pm to 7:00 am.Main Outcome Measure:Change in LH pulse frequency [LH interpulse interval (IPI)] from daytime hours (7:00 pm-11:00 pm, while awake) to nighttime hours (11:00 pm to 7:00 am, while generally asleep).Results:Both nonobese and obese postmenarcheal girls demonstrated significant day-to-night decreases in LH pulse frequency (IPI increases of 33% and 16%, respectively), but day-to-night changes were blunted in obese girls (P = .004, obese vs nonobese). Day-to-night LH pulse frequency decreased significantly in postmenarcheal obese subjects with normal T concentrations (26% IPI increase) but not in those with hyperandrogenemia. Similar differences were evident for LH pulse amplitude. Nonobese and obese early pubertal girls exhibited nonsignificant differences in day-night LH pulse frequency (day to night IPI increase of 26% vs decrease of 1%, respectively).Conclusions:Day-to-night changes in LH pulse secretion are blunted in postmenarcheal obese adolescent girls. This phenomenon may in part reflect hyperandrogenemia.
An Independent Study of a Gene Expression Classifier (Afirma) in the Evaluation of Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules
Authors: McIver Bryan , Castro M. Regina , Morris John C. , Bernet Victor , Smallridge Robert , Henry Michael , Kosok Laura , Reddi Honey 
Published: April 2014

Context:
Molecular markers hold the promise of improved diagnostic yield in thyroid fine-needle biopsy. The Afirma gene expression classifier (GEC), available commercially, reports a negative predictive value of 94% in the diagnosis of benign nodules after indeterminate cytology. However, there are currently no independent studies of the performance of this assay.

Objective:
The aim was to assess the performance of the Afirma GEC in an academic medical center.

Design:
Samples for the GEC were collected according to the manufacturer's recommended protocol from patients undergoing thyroid fine-needle aspiration. We requested GEC analysis on nodules reported cytologically as follicular neoplasm or atypia or follicular lesion of undetermined significance from patients willing to defer surgery.

Patients:
All patients undergoing thyroid fine-needle aspiration during the study period, whose cytology was reported as follicular neoplasm or atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance, were offered access to the test and recruited to this study.

Intervention:
Patients whose GEC was “benign” were offered ultrasound follow-up in lieu of surgery. Those with a “suspicious” GEC were advised to undergo diagnostic lobectomy.

Setting:
The study was conducted at a large academic medical center.

Main Outcome Measure:
We measured the rate of benign and suspicious calls from the Afirma GEC and histological diagnosis after surgery.

Results:
A total of 72 nucleic acid samples were sent for GEC analysis. In 12 (17%) of these samples, there was insufficient mRNA, leaving 60 Afirma results for analysis. Of these, 16 (27%) were benign, whereas 44 (73%) were suspicious. The rate of confirmed malignancy in GEC-suspicious nodules was only 17%.

Conclusion:
The Afirma GEC demonstrates a lower than expected rate of benign reports in follicular or Hürthle cell neoplasm and a lower than anticipated malignancy rate within GEC-suspicious nodules. These data suggest that the positive predictive value of the GEC is lower than previously reported and call into question the performance of the test when applied in the context of specialized academic cytopathology.
The Consequences of Bouvines
Authors: Baldwin John W. , Simons Walter 
Published: April 2014

On the occasion of the eight hundredth anniversary of the Battle of Bouvines (July 27, 1214), this essay examines its significance for the Capetian monarchy and its impact inside and outside the French kingdom. It argues that Philip II Augustus’s victory safeguarded the administrative reforms he had undertaken since 1190, boosted royal ideology, extended royal control in northwestern and central parts of France at the expense of Anglo-Angevin claims, cleared the path for the Albigensian crusade in the south, and eliminated Flemish and German threats from the north and east; the battle’s ramifications for internal English, Flemish, and German affairs were far-reaching. The battle thus secured Capetian supremacy in France throughout the thirteenth century, but at the turn of the fourteenth Flanders and Gascony again posed intractable problems.
Le 800ème anniversaire de la bataille de Bouvines (27 juillet 1214) nous offre l’occasion de réévaluer ses effets sur la monarchie capétienne, le royaume de France et l’Europe. Cet essai soutient que la victoire du roi Philippe Auguste consolida les réformes administratives initiées depuis 1190, renforça l’idéologie royale, imposa l’autorité royale dans les territoires angevins du nord-ouest et au centre de la France, ouvrit la voie à la croisade albigeoise dans le Midi et élimina les menaces flamandes et allemandes dans le nord et l’est; en fait, la bataille eut d’importantes conséquences pour les affaires intérieures de l’Angleterre, de la Flandre et de l’Empire. En somme, Bouvines assura la suprématie des Capétiens tout au long du treizième siècle, mais au début du quatorzième siècle les problèmes épineux que constituaient la Flandre et la Guyenne s’imposèrent de nouveau.
Imagining the Trans-Mediterranean Republic: Algeria, Republicanism, and the Ideological Origins of the French Imperial Nation-State, 1848-1870
Authors: Murray-Miller Gavin 
Published: April 2014

This article looks at the dialogue between metropolitan political elites and Algerian activists that grew up during the Second Empire, revisiting an important moment in the making of France’s “modern” republican democracy. Through an examination of Algerian newspapers and publications, it assesses the role that colonial public opinion played in the “republican renaissance” of the 1860s, detailing how colon polemicists consciously tailored an ideology of moderate republicanism to fit colonial society and elaborate a brand of republican colonialism that would, in time, provide the ideological basis for the colonial republic. In placing nineteenth-century French political history in a trans-Mediterranean framework, this article challenges the customary history of hexagonal France, indicating the vital role colonial activists played in the making of republican colonialism, influencing considerations of the French nation and citizenship that would, in time, encourage the conception of a French imperial nation-state supported under the Third Republic.
Le dialogue entre les élites politiques métropolitaines et les colons algériens jouait un rôle important dans la réalisation de la démocratie républicaine moderne française pendant le Second Empire. A travers sa lecture de divers journaux algériens, cet article met en lumière le rapport entre l’opinion publique coloniale et la « renaissance républicaine » des années 1860, ainsi que les moyens que les colons ont utilisés pour formuler une idéologie républicaine qui s’appliquait à la société coloniale. Cette idéologie allait jeter les bases de la république coloniale. En concevant l’histoire politique française dans une optique transméditerranéenne, l’article conteste l’histoire conventionnelle de la France hexagonale et révèle la contribution des activistes algériens français à l’édification du colonialisme républicain et aux conceptions de la nationalité et de la citoyenneté essentielles à la formation de la nation impériale française sous la Troisième République.
iASPP is a novel autophagy inhibitor in keratinocytes
Authors: Chikh Anissa , Sanzà Paolo , Raimondi Claudio , Akinduro Olufolake , Warnes Gary , Chiorino Giovanna , Byrne Carolyn , Harwood Catherine A. , Bergamaschi Daniele 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
The protein iASPP (encoded by PPP1R13L) is an evolutionarily conserved p53 inhibitor, the expression of which is often upregulated in human cancers. We have recently shown that iASPP is a crucial regulator of epidermal homeostasis. Here, we report that iASPP also acts as autophagy inhibitor in keratinocytes. Our data show that depletion of iASPP protects keratinocytes from apoptosis by modulating the expression of Noxa (also known as PMAIP1). In our model, iASPP expression can affect the fission-fusion cycle, mass and shape of mitochondria. iASPP-silenced keratinocytes display disorganization of cytosolic compartments and increased metabolic stress caused by deregulation of mTORC1 signaling. Moreover, increased levels of lipidated LC3 protein confirmed the activation of autophagy in iASPP-depleted cells. We have identified a novel mechanism modulating autophagy in keratinocytes that relies upon iASPP expression specifically reducing the interaction of Atg5–Atg12 with Atg16L1, an interaction that is essential for autophagosome formation or maturation. Using organotypic culture, we further explored the link between autophagy and differentiation, and we showed that impairing autophagy affects epidermal terminal differentiation. Our data provide an alternative mechanism to explain how epithelial integrity is maintained against environmental stressors and might also improve the understanding of the etiology of skin diseases that are characterized by defects in differentiation and DNA damage responses.
A gestão do marketing mix: como mexer no time que está ganhando?
Authors: Da Costa Filho Custódio Genésio , De Mesquita José Marcos Carvalho , Fernandes Renato Borges , Caixeta Ronaldo Pereira , De Castro Cleber Carvalho 
Published: April 2014

As decisões de marketing de uma empresa nascente levaram a excelentes resultados iniciais. O conflito se constitui a partir da inquietação de um dos sócios-diretores, para quem as estratégias, até então vitoriosas, devem ser revistas para que a empresa atinja a liderança de mercado. DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv4n1c2http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv4n1c2
Social Inequalities in Teenage Fertility Outcomes: Childbearing and Abortion Trends of Three Birth Cohorts In Finland
Authors: Väisänen Heini , Murphy Michael 
Published: April 2014

ContextTeenagers of low socioeconomic status are more likely to get pregnant, and less likely to choose abortion, than more privileged teenagers. Few studies have used longitudinal data to examine whether these differences persist as overall teenage pregnancy rates decline.MethodsNationally representative register data from 259,242 Finnish women in three birth cohorts (1955–1959, 1965–1969 and 1975–1979) were analyzed using Cox regression to assess socioeconomic differences in teenagers’ risks of pregnancy and abortion. Binary logistic regression was used to assess socioeconomic differences in the odds of pregnant teenagers’ choosing abortion.ResultsSocioeconomic differences in abortion risk did not change substantially across cohorts; however, differences in the risk of childbirth rose between the first two cohorts and then returned to their earlier level. In all cohorts, teenagers from upper‐level employee backgrounds, the most privileged group, had the lowest risks of abortion and childbirth (44–53% and 53–69% lower, respectively, than those for manual workers’ children). Teenagers whose parents were lower‐level employees or farmers also had reduced risks of both outcomes in all cohorts; results for other socioeconomic groups were less consistent. Pregnant teenagers from upper‐level employee backgrounds had 2–3 times the odds of abortion of manual workers’ children; the largest difference was found in the 1950s cohort.ConclusionsDespite the declining overall teenage pregnancy rate, poorer background continues to be associated with a higher risk of conceiving and of giving birth.
Early Detection of Fragile X Syndrome: Applications of a Novel Approach for Improved Quantitative Methylation Analysis in Venous Blood and Newborn Blood Spots
Authors: Inaba Yoshimi , Schwartz Charles E , Bui Quang M , Li Xin , Skinner Cindy , Field Michael , Wotton Tiffany , Hagerman Randi J , Francis David , Amor David J , Hopper John L , Loesch Danuta Z , Bretherton Lesley , Slater Howard R , Godler David E 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Standard fragile X syndrome (FXS) diagnostic tests that target methylation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) CpG island 5′ of the CGG expansion can be used to predict severity of the disease in males from birth, but not in females.

METHODS
We describe methylation specific–quantitative melt analysis (MS-QMA) that targets 10 CpG sites, with 9 within FMR1 intron 1, to screen for FXS from birth in both sexes. The novel method combines the qualitative strengths of high-resolution melt and the high-throughput, quantitative real-time PCR standard curve to provide accurate quantification of DNA methylation in a single assay. Its performance was assessed in 312 control (CGG &lt;40), 143 premutation (PM) (CGG 56–170), 197 full mutation (FM) (CGG 200–2000), and 33 CGG size and methylation mosaic samples.

RESULTS
In male and female newborn blood spots, MS-QMA differentiated FM from control alleles, with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values between 92% and 100%. In venous blood of FM females between 6 and 35 years of age, MS-QMA correlated most strongly with verbal IQ impairment (P = 0.002). In the larger cohort of males and females, MS-QMA correlated with reference methods Southern blot and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (P &lt; 0.05), but was not significantly correlated with age. Unmethylated alleles in high-functioning FM and PM males determined by both reference methods were also unmethylated by MS-QMA.

CONCLUSIONS
MS-QMA has an immediate application in FXS diagnostics, with a potential use of its quantitative methylation output for prognosis in both sexes.
The elastic modulus of isolated polytetrafluoroethylene filaments
Authors: Drawe Patrick , Lüttschwager Nils O.B. , Suhm Martin A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We report vibrational Raman spectra of small extended perfluoro-n-alkanes (C
n
F2n+2 with n = 6, 8–10, 12–14) isolated in supersonic jet expansions and use wavenumbers of longitudinal acoustic vibrations to extrapolate the elastic modulus of cold, isolated polytetrafluoroethylene filaments. The derived value E = 209(10) GPa defines an upper limit for the elastic modulus of the perfectly crystalline, noninteracting polymer at low temperatures and serves as a benchmark for quantum chemical predictions.
Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia Works
Authors: Karon Bertram P. 
Published: April 2014

Davidson (2008), VandenBos (2008), and Silver (2008), well-known experts in the treatment of schizophrenia, have provided very interesting, thought-provoking, and important perspectives on my Case of Mr. X (Karon, 2008) and other such patients. In my response to Davidson, I describe my own problematic clinical experience concerning his positive view of “assertive community treatment.” I also reply to the questions Davidson raises about my clinical techniques and interpretations, e.g., my telling Mr. X that I would not let anyone kill him, my telling Mr. X that he would not become psychotic again under the normal stresses of life, and my intepretation that Mr. X’s not eating was the result of the fear of being poisoned. Finally, I provide an alternative interpretation from Davidson of Freud’s case of the Wolf Man. Because VandenBos and Silver are longtime, supportive colleagues and collaborators, I spend most of my time in responding to their commentaries by emphasizing our points of agreement. Throughout this response, I emphasize my belief that that the powerful ideas in psychoanalysis are not just abstractions, but rather the source of strategies that are very pragmatically helpful in conducting psychotherapy with individuals suffering from schizophrenia.
Treatment Paradigms in Psychology
Authors: Mandala James 
Published: April 2014

This commentary describes my observations as the clinical supervisor of Dr. Hector Garcia’s (2008) second, psychodynamic phase of therapy with “Bridget,” which followed a first phase of successful cognitive-behavioral treatment for specific, obsessive-compulsive symptoms with religious content. The second treatment phase focused on less structured issues such as, in Dr. Garcia’s words, “the qualities and patterns of past relationships with men, her current social network, and dynamics within her family of origin.” This case raises a number of complex and highly important, general issues. The ones I have chosen to discuss are: (a) the meaning of “compulsive” versus “healthy” prayer; (b) the sequencing of the theoretical shift from cognitive-behavioral to psychodynamic therapy; (c) the utilization of countertransference phenomena and the “real” relationship in psychotherapy; and (d) the impact of eclecticism in the training of beginning therapists.
Logical Operations in Theory-Building Case Studies
Authors: Stiles William B. 
Published: April 2014

The logical operations involved in theory-building case studies include deduction (logical consistency and interconnection), induction (applying observations to theory), and abduction (creating, refining, and elaborating theory). The product of theory-building research is an account of a phenomenon in the form of words and other signs. Scientific quality control on theory is accomplished by comparing theoretical statements with observations. In case studies, detailed case observations are compared to detailed clinical theories. Stable meanings of terms and logical (deductive) interconnection allow empirical (inductive) observations on one tenet of a theory to affect confidence in other tenets. Researchers creatively modify their theories by (abductively) adding to them or altering them so that they correspond to accumulating observations. In this way, observations on cases permeate the theories, so that the words of the theory convey the accumulated experience of previous researchers.
The Logic of Theory and the Logic of Practice
Authors: Miller Ronald B. 
Published: April 2014

Stiles (2009) has articulated a powerful argument for the surprising logical parallels between the way a case study and experimental data test a scientific theory in the field of psychotherapy. Though this contradicts the orthodox account of research methods in psychology, Stiles shows that careful attention to the tenets of logical positivist and neo-positivist philosophy of science requires such a conclusion. While this is no doubt a sound argument, it rests on Stiles assumption that theories of psychotherapy are essentially scientific theories. It is clear that Stiles thinks of theories of psychotherapy as different from theories in the physical sciences, but exactly how these theories are different is not clearly articulated. I would argue that psychotherapy theories are fundamentally moral theories, a form of what Aristotle referred to as phronesis, and as such are radically different than scientific theories. Nevertheless, Stiles’ conclusion is a sound one: case studies are the best way to test phronesis in psychotherapy because as Aristotle observed, practical wisdom is highly context dependent and action oriented.
Rising to the Challenges of Identifying and Analyzing Clients' Narratives
Authors: Adler Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2014

Psychotherapy researchers and clinicians alike are faced with two primary challenges in the service of most effectively understanding the therapeutic process: first, they must identify the most generative elements from the rich flow of therapeutic dialogue; and second, they must select the most appropriate and productive tools for analyzing them. Singer and Bonalume (2010) have developed the Coding System for Autobiographical Memory Narratives in Psychotherapy (CS-AMNP), a trans-theoretical method for rising to these two challenges. In this commentary, the CS-AMNP is evaluated: its noteworthy contributions are highlighted, its potential limitations are discussed, and fruitful expansions are proposed in terms of extending it from autobiographical narratives in therapy to autobiographical narratives about therapy.