bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta‐analysis to determine the oncological implications of conversion in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Clancy C. , O'Leary D. P. , Burke J. P. , Redmond H. P. , Coffey J. C. , Kerin M. J. , Myers E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimLaparoscopic colon and rectal cancer surgery is oncologically equivalent to open resection, but the impact of conversion is undetermined. The aim of this study was to assess the oncological outcome and predictive factors associated with conversion.MethodA comprehensive search for published studies examining the associated factors and outcome of conversion from laparoscopic to open colorectal cancer resection was performed adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses) guidelines. Only randomized control trials and prospective studies were included. Each study was reviewed and the data extracted. Random effects methods were used to combine data.ResultsFifteen studies, including 5293 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Of these 4391 patients had a completed laparoscopic resection and 902 were converted to an open resection. The average conversion rate of the studies was 17.9 ± 10.1%. Meta‐analysis showed completed laparoscopic surgery favoured lower 30‐day mortality (OR 0.134, 95% CI 0.047–0.385, P < 0.0001), lower long‐term disease recurrence (OR 0.634, 95% CI 0.421–0.701, P < 0.023) and lower overall mortality (OR 0.512, 95% CI 0.417–0.629, P < 0.0001). Factors negatively associated with completion of laparoscopic surgery were male gender (P = 0.011), rectal tumour (P = 0.017), T3/T4 tumour (P = 0.009) and node‐positive disease (P = 0.009). Completed laparoscopic surgery was also associated with a lower body mass index (BMI; mean difference −0.93 kg/m2, P = 0.004).ConclusionThe results suggest that conversion from laparoscopic to open colorectal cancer resection is influenced by patient and tumour characteristics and is associated with an adverse perioperative outcome. Although confounding factors such as advanced tumour stage and elevated BMI are present, unsuccessful laparoscopic surgery appears to be associated with an adverse long‐term oncological outcome.
Denial of prescription analgesia among people who inject drugs in a Canadian setting
Authors: Voon Pauline , Callon Cody , Nguyen Paul , Dobrer Sabina , Montaner Julio S.G. , Wood Evan , Kerr Thomas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsDespite the high prevalence of pain among people who inject drugs (PWIDs), clinicians may be reluctant to prescribe opioid‐based analgesia to those with a history of drug use or addiction. We sought to examine the prevalence and correlates of PWIDs reporting being denied of prescription analgesia (PA). We also explored reported reasons for and actions taken after being denied PA.Design and MethodsUsing data from two prospective cohort studies of PWIDs, multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the prevalence and correlates of reporting being denied PA. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise reasons for denials and subsequent actions.ResultsApproximately two‐thirds (66.5%) of our sample of 462 active PWIDs reported having ever been denied PA. We found that reporting being denied PA was significantly and positively associated with having ever been enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment (adjusted odds ratio 1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.11–2.80) and daily cocaine injection (adjusted odds ratio 2.38, 95% confidence interval 1.00–5.66). The most commonly reported reason for being denied PA was being accused of drug seeking (44.0%). Commonly reported actions taken after being denied PA included buying the requested medication off the street (40.1%) or obtaining heroin to treat pain (32.9%).Discussion and ConclusionsThese findings highlight the challenges of addressing perceived pain and the need for strategies to prevent high‐risk methods of self‐managing pain, such as obtaining diverted medications or illicit substances for pain. Such strategies may include integrated pain management guidelines within methadone maintenance treatment and other substance use treatment programs. [Voon P, Callon C, Nguyen P, Dobrer S, Montaner JSG, Wood E, Kerr T. Denial of prescription analgesia among people who inject drugs in a Canadian setting. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;34:221–228]
Contrasting patterns of turnover between plants, pollinators and their interactions
Authors: Norfolk Olivia , Eichhorn Markus P. , Gilbert Francis S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimBiogeographers typically assess patterns of diversity across landscapes. As interacting groups often exhibit contrasting trends, this leads to variation in the structure of interaction networks and thereby influences ecosystem processes. Here we aim to disentangle how patterns of diversity differ between species (plants, pollinators) and their interactions across an agricultural landscape. The region is known for its irrigated gardens which appear as high‐diversity islands in the mountainous habitat. We are interested in whether this local enhancement was (a) increasing landscape heterogeneity by supporting novel species or (b) increasing local diversity by supporting higher densities of species that also occur in the unmanaged habitat.LocationSouth Sinai, Egypt.MethodsWe compared alpha diversity of plants, pollinators and interactions in agricultural gardens and plots of unmanaged habitat in two altitudinal categories, high and low mountains, with high and low habitat quality in the matrix respectively. We then used similarity analyses involving the CqN measure to compare levels of turnover across the landscape.ResultsThe impact of the gardens differed with respect to the landscape context; in the low mountains, gardens enhanced the abundance and diversity of plants, pollinators and interactions, but in the high mountains, they had no effect. Plants exhibited high levels of turnover, with gardens increasing heterogeneity by supporting novel crop species. In contrast, pollinators exhibited low levels of turnover, with gardens and unmanaged habitat supporting similar species. The diversity of interactions was influenced by the composition of the plant community and showed extremely high levels of turnover.Main conclusionsPlants, pollinators and their interactions can display contrasting patterns of turnover across a shared landscape. Although the enhancement of local habitat can boost pollinator diversity, the maintenance of habitat heterogeneity may also be required if you aim to conserve the diversity of interactions between plants and pollinators.
Long‐term patterns of dental attendance and caries experience among British adults: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Aldossary Arwa , Harrison Victoria E. , Bernabé Eduardo 
Published: December 2014

There is inconclusive evidence on the value of regular dental attendance. This study explored the relationship between long‐term patterns of dental attendance and caries experience. We used retrospective data from 3,235 adults, ≥16 yrs of age, who participated in the Adult Dental Health Survey in the UK. Participants were classified into four groups (always, current, former, and never regular‐attenders) based on their responses to three questions on lifetime dental‐attendance patterns. The association between dental‐attendance patterns and caries experience, as measured using the decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) index, was tested in negative binomial regression models, adjusting for demographic (sex, age, and country of residence) and socio‐economic (educational attainment, household income, and social class) factors. A consistent pattern of association between long‐term dental attendance and caries experience was found in adjusted models. Former and never regular‐attenders had a significantly higher DMFT score and numbers of decayed and missing teeth, but fewer filled teeth, than always regular‐attenders. No differences in DMFT or its components were found between current and always regular‐attenders. The findings of this study show that adults with different lifetime trajectories of dental attendance had different dental statuses.
Knock‐in mouse model of alternating hemiplegia of childhood: Behavioral and electrophysiologic characterization
Authors: Hunanyan Arsen S. , Fainberg Nina A. , Linabarger Molly , Arehart Eric , Leonard A. Soren , Adil Syed M. , Helseth Ashley R. , Swearingen Amanda K. , Forbes Stacy L. , Rodriguiz Ramona M. , Rhodes Theodore , Yao Xiaodi , Kibbi Nadine , Hochman Daryl W. , Wetsel William C. , Hochgeschwender Ute , Mikati Mohamad A. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryObjectivesMutations in the ATP1α3 subunit of the neuronal Na+/K+‐ATPase are thought to be responsible for seizures, hemiplegias, and other symptoms of alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC). However, the mechanisms through which ATP1A3 mutations mediate their pathophysiologic consequences are not yet understood. The following hypotheses were investigated: (1) Our novel knock‐in mouse carrying the most common heterozygous mutation causing AHC (D801N) will exhibit the manifestations of the human condition and display predisposition to seizures; and (2) the underlying pathophysiology in this mouse model involves increased excitability in response to electrical stimulation of Schaffer collaterals and abnormal predisposition to spreading depression (SD).MethodsWe generated the D801N mutant mouse (Mashlool, Mashl+/−) and compared mutant and wild‐type (WT) littermates. Behavioral tests, amygdala kindling, flurothyl‐induced seizure threshold, spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), and other paroxysmal activities were compared between groups. In vitro electrophysiologic slice experiments on hippocampus were performed to assess predisposition to hyperexcitability and SD.ResultsMutant mice manifested a distinctive phenotype similar to that of humans with AHC. They had abnormal impulsivity, memory, gait, motor coordination, tremor, motor control, endogenous nociceptive response, paroxysmal hemiplegias, diplegias, dystonias, and SRS, as well as predisposition to kindling, to flurothyl‐induced seizures, and to sudden unexpected death. Hippocampal slices of mutants, in contrast to WT animals, showed hyperexcitable responses to 1 Hz pulse‐trains of electrical stimuli delivered to the Schaffer collaterals and had significantly longer duration of K+‐induced SD responses.SignificanceOur model reproduces the major characteristics of human AHC, and indicates that ATP1α3 dysfunction results in abnormal short‐term plasticity with increased excitability (potential mechanism for seizures) and a predisposition to more severe SD responses (potential mechanism for hemiplegias). This model of the human condition should help in understanding the molecular pathways underlying these phenotypes and may lead to identification of novel therapeutic strategies of ATP1α3 related disorders and seizures.
In vivo imaging of epileptic foci in rats using a miniature probe integrating diffuse optical tomography and electroencephalographic source localization
Authors: Yang Hao , Zhang Tao , Zhou Junli , Carney Paul R. , Jiang Huabei 
Published: December 2014

SummaryObjectiveThe goal of this work is to establish a new dual‐modal brain‐mapping technique based on diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and electroencephalographic source localization (ESL) that can chronically/intracranially record optical/electroencephalography (EEG) data to precisely map seizures and localize the seizure‐onset zone and associated epileptic brain network.MethodsThe dual‐modal imaging system was employed to image seizures in an experimental acute bicuculline methiodide rat model of focal epilepsy. Depth information derived from DOT was used as constraint in ESL to enhance the image reconstruction. Groups of animals were compared based on localization of seizure foci, either at different positions or at different depths.ResultsThis novel imaging technique successfully localized the seizure‐onset zone in rat induced by bicuculline methiodide injected at a depth of 1, 2, and 3 mm, respectively. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of the depth information from DOT into the ESL image reconstruction resulted in more accurate and reliable ESL images. Although the ESL images showed a horizontal shift of the source localization, the DOT identified the seizure focus accurately. In one case, when the bicuculline methiodide (BMI) was injected at a site outside the field of view (FOV) of the DOT/ESL interface, ESL gave false‐positive detection of the focus, while DOT showed negative detection.SignificanceThis study represents the first to identify seizure‐onset zone using implantable DOT. In addition, the combination of DOT/ESL has never been documented in neuroscience and epilepsy imaging. This technology will enable us to precisely measure the neural activity and hemodynamic response at exactly the same tissue site and at both cortical and subcortical levels.
Drug‐resistant HIV‐1 protease regains functional dynamics through cleavage site coevolution
Authors: Özer Nevra , Özen Ayşegül , Schiffer Celia A. , Haliloğlu Türkan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDrug resistance is caused by mutations that change the balance of recognition favoring substrate cleavage over inhibitor binding. Here, a structural dynamics perspective of the regained wild‐type functioning in mutant HIV‐1 proteases with coevolution of the natural substrates is provided. The collective dynamics of mutant structures of the protease bound to p1‐p6 and NC‐p1 substrates are assessed using the Anisotropic Network Model (ANM). The drug‐induced protease mutations perturb the mechanistically crucial hinge axes that involve key sites for substrate binding and dimerization and mainly coordinate the intrinsic dynamics. Yet with substrate coevolution, while the wild‐type dynamic behavior is restored in both p1‐p6 (LP1′Fp1‐p6D30N/N88D) and NC‐p1 (AP2VNC‐p1V82A) bound proteases, the dynamic behavior of the NC‐p1 bound protease variants (NC‐p1V82A and AP2VNC‐p1V82A) rather resemble those of the proteases bound to the other substrates, which is consistent with experimental studies. The orientational variations of residue fluctuations along the hinge axes in mutant structures justify the existence of coevolution in p1‐p6 and NC‐p1 substrates, that is, the dynamic behavior of hinge residues should contribute to the interdependent nature of substrate recognition. Overall, this study aids in the understanding of the structural dynamics basis of drug resistance and evolutionary optimization in the HIV‐1 protease system.
The duodenum: An uncommon site of surgical lesions
Authors: Southwood L. L. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIt is fortunate for the horse that duodenal lesions requiring surgical correction occur infrequently. Despite being an uncommon site of obstruction, palpation of the duodenum should be part of a complete surgical abdominal exploration. Horses with proximal obstruction typically have large volumes of reflux following passage of a nasogastric tube. Biochemistry abnormalities may include hypochloraemia and hyperglycaemia particularly with a complete or strangulating obstruction. Early surgical treatment of a duodenal volvulus may result in a favourable outcome.
Comparative evaluation of antifungal action of tea tree oil, chlorhexidine gluconate and fluconazole on heat polymerized acrylic denture base resin – an in vitro study
Authors: Dalwai Sameen , Rodrigues Shobha J. , Baliga Shrikala , Shenoy Vidya K. , Shetty Thilak B. , Pai Umesh Y. , Saldanha Sharon 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveCandida albicans‐associated denture stomatitis is the most common type of denture stomatitis seen in denture wearers. This study evaluates and compares the antifungal action of fluconazole, chlorhexidine gluconate and tea tree oil on heat‐polymerised denture base resin, which has been previously contaminated with C. albicans grown in BHI broth.Material and MethodsSeventy‐five specimens were immersed in BHI broth previously inoculated with C. albicans and stored for 3 h at 37°C. They were divided into five groups (n = 15): G1: 2% chlorhexidine solution; G2: 100% pure pharmaceutical grade tea tree oil; G3: 65 μg/ml fluconazole solution; C1: specimens not disinfected; C2: specimens not contaminated with Candida. Each specimen was then transferred to individual tubes containing BHI broth and incubated for 24 h. Culture media turbidity was evaluated for absorbance over a period of 14 days using a microplate reader. It was observed that the lower the absorbance, the stronger the antimicrobial action. Statistical analysis was performed (two‐way anova and Bonferroni test, p < 0.001).ResultsChlorhexidine and tea tree oil inhibited Candida up to the 14th day, whereas antifungal effect of fluconazole was not significant after the 7th day.ConclusionTea tree oil and chlorhexidine gluconate are more effective than fluconazole in inhibiting C. albicans growth on heat‐polymerised acrylic resin.
Tooth Loss Associated with Physical and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
Authors: Tsakos Georgios , Watt Richard G. , Rouxel Patrick L. , de Oliveira Cesar , Demakakos Panayotes 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of total tooth loss (edentulousness) on decline in physical and cognitive functioning over 10 years in older adults in England.DesignSecondary data analysis.SettingEnglish Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a national prospective cohort study of community‐dwelling people aged 50 and older.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older (N = 3,166).MeasurementsCognitive function (memory) was measured using a 10‐word recall test. Physical function was assessed using gait speed (m/s). Generalized estimating equations were used to model associations between baseline edentulousness and six repeated measurements of gait speed and memory from 2002–03 to 2012–13. Models were sequentially adjusted for time, demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, health behaviors, depressive symptoms, and anthropometric measurements and mutually adjusted for gait speed or memory.ResultsEdentulous participants recalled 0.88 fewer words and were 0.09 m/s slower than dentate participants after adjusting for time and demographics. Only the latter association remained significant after full adjustment, with edentulous participants being 0.02 m/s slower than dentate participants. In age‐stratified analyses, baseline edentulousness was associated with both outcomes in fully adjusted models in participants aged 60 to 74 but not in those aged 75 and older. Supplementary analysis indicated significant associations between baseline edentulousness and 4‐year change in gait speed and memory in participants aged 60 to 74; the former was fully explained in the fully adjusted model and the latter after adjusting for socioeconomic status.ConclusionTotal tooth loss was independently associated with physical and cognitive decline in older adults in England. Tooth loss is a potential early marker of decline in older age.
Decoupling Analysis of the Environmental Mountain—with Case Studies from China
Authors: Lu Zhongwu , Wang Heming , Yue Qiang 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe resource‐development trajectory of developed countries after the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries can be portrayed as an “environmental mountain” (EM). It is important for developing countries to decouple their resource use from economic growth and tunnel through the EM. In this study, we embedded the decoupling indicators for resource use and waste emissions into EM curves to quantify China's progress in tunneling through the EM over a specific time period. Five case studies regarding the conditions required for decoupling energy consumption, crude steel production, cement production, CO2 emissions, and SO2 emissions from economic growth in China were conducted. The results indicated that during 1985–2010 the trajectories of energy consumption, and CO2 and SO2 emissions in China met the requirements for tunneling through the EM, but the trajectories of cement and steel production did not. Based on these results, suggestions regarding China's environmental policies are provided to enable the country to tunnel through the EM.
Implication of corona formation in a metatroctolite to the granulite facies overprint of HP–UHP rocks in the Moldanubian Zone (Bohemian Massif)
Authors: Faryad S. W. , Kachlík V. , Sláma J. , Hoinkes G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCorona and inclusion textures of a metatroctolite at the contact between felsic granulite and migmatites of the Gföhl Unit from the Moldanubian Zone provide evidence of the magmatic and metamorphic evolution of the rocks. Numerous diopside inclusions (1–10 μm, maximum 20 μm in size) in plagioclase of anorthite composition represent primary magmatic textures. Triple junctions between the plagioclase grains in the matrix are occupied by amphibole, probably pseudomorphs after clinopyroxene. The coronae consist of a core of orthopyroxene, with two or three zones (layers); the innermost is characterized by calcic amphibole with minor spinel and relicts of clinopyroxene, the next zone consists of symplectite of amphibole with spinel, sapphirine and accessory corundum, and the outermost is formed by garnet and amphibole with relicts of spinel. The orthopyroxene forms a monomineralic aggregate that may contain a cluster of serpentine in the core, suggesting its formation after olivine. Based on mineral textures and thermobarometric calculations, the troctolite crystallized in the middle to lower crust and the coronae were formed during three different metamorphic stages. The first stage relates to a subsolidus reaction between olivine and anorthite to form orthopyroxene. The second stage involving amphibole formation suggests the presence of a fluid that resulted in the replacement of igneous orthopyroxene and governed the reaction orthopyroxene + anorthite = amphibole + spinel. The last stage of corona formation with amphibole + spinel + sapphirine indicates granulite facies conditions. Garnet enclosing spinel, and its occurrence along the rim of the coronae in contact with anorthite, suggests that its formation occurred either during cooling or both cooling and compression but still at granulite facies conditions. The zircon U–Pb data indicate Variscan ages for both the troctolite crystallization (c. 360 Ma) and corona formation during granulite facies metamorphism (c. 340 Ma) in the Gföhl Unit. The intrusion of troctolite and other Variscan mafic and ultramafic rocks is interpreted as a potential heat source for amphibolite–granulite facies metamorphism that led to partial re‐equilibration of earlier high‐ to ultrahigh‐P metamorphic rocks in the Moldanubian Zone. These petrological and geochronological data constrain the formation of HP–UHP rocks and arc‐related plutonic complex to westward subduction of the Moldanubian plate during the Variscan orogeny. After exhumation to lower and/or middle crust, the HP–UHP rocks underwent heating due to intrusion of mafic and ultramafic magma that was generated by slab breakoff and mantle upwelling.