bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Coleus blumei viroid 5 from Coleus blumei in India and Indonesia
Authors: Jiang D. M. , Li S. F. , Fu F. H. , Wu Z. J. , Xie L. H. 
Published: December 2012

Coleus blumei, which was found originally in Indonesia, is an ornamental plant grown worldwide. It can be infected by several viroids of the genus Coleviroid, family Pospiviroidae. Six main viroids that infect coleus have been reported: Coleus blumei viroid 1 through 6 (CbVd-1 ~ CbVd-6). Although CbVd-1 was first reported in a commercial coleus in Brazil in 1989 (1), and then in Germany, Japan, Canada, Korea, China, and India, CbVd-5 was reported only in China in 2009 (2). Symptoms caused by CbVd-5 varied depending on different cultivars, and in case of an unknown cultivar of “Red with dark green edge,” are very clear albino symptoms. From 2010 to 2011, 60 and 3 leaf samples of coleus were collected from Hyderabad, India, and Java, Indonesia, respectively, and subjected to low molecular weight RNA extraction according to Li et al. (3). The results of dot-blot hybridization using CbVd-5 cRNA probes and RT-PCR using CbVd-5 specific primers (CbVd-5-PF: 5′-TGACTAGAACAGTAGTAAAG-3′ / CbVd-5-PR: 5′-AATTGAGGTCAAACCTCTTT-3′) demonstrated that 28 out of the 60 samples from India and all three samples from Indonesia were positive for CbVd-5. The resulting RT-PCR fragments from one sample selected randomly from each country were cloned into the pMD18-T vector (Takara) and transformed into E. coli DH5α competent cells. Five positive clones of each sample were sequenced. The result of sequence analysis revealed that the similarities of CbVd-5 between the sequences we obtained and the reference sequence (GenBank Accession No. NC003683) were 97.8 to 100%. Bioassay using nine viroid-free coleus plants from three cultivars (three from each cultivar), inoculated with CbVd-5 infectious clones by stem slashing, demonstrated that CbVd-5 could induce albino symptom on the leaves of the unknown cultivar “Red with dark green edge” 2 months after inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CbVd-5 from India and Indonesia, and the second report of CbVd-5 in the world. Considering the effect of CbVd-5 on the appearance of coleus and its recombination ability, a certification program may be needed to control the spread of this viroid. References: (1) M. E. N. Fonseca et al. Fitopatol. Bras. 14:94, 1989. (2) W. Y. Hou et al. Arch. Virol. 154:315, 2009. (3) S. F. Li et al. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 61:381, 1995.
First Report of Zebra Chip and ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ on Potatoes in Nicaragua
Authors: Bextine B. , Arp A. , Flores E. , Aguilar E. , Lastrea L. , Gomez F. Soza , Powell C. , Rueda A. 
Published: December 2012

In September 2011, potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers grown in Nicaragua outside of Estelí and Jinotega were observed with internal discoloration suggestive of zebra chip (ZC); and the plants showed foliar symptoms of chlorosis, leaf scorching, wilting, vascular discoloration, swollen nodes, twisted stems, and aerial tubers (3). Disease incidence ranged from 50 to 95% in eight fields ranging from 5 to 12 ha in the Estelí and Jinotega regions of Nicaragua. Leaf samples and psyllids were collected from two fields, and total DNA was purified from the leaves of 17 symptomatic and 10 asymptomatic plants. DNA was also extracted from 20 individual potato psyllids. Primers specific for 16S rDNA (OA2 and OI2c) and the surface antigen gene (OMB 1482f and 2086r) of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLs) were used to confirm the presence of the pathogen in infected potatoes and insects (2). All symptomatic potato leaf samples tested positive for the presence of CLs using both primers, and no asymptomatic plants had positive results. Seven insects tested positive for the presence of CLs. 16S rDNA sequences obtained for all positive samples (1,071 bp) were identical and showed 99 to 100% identity to a number of rDNA sequences of CLs in GenBank (Accession Nos. HM246509 and FJ957897). 16S rDNA sequences from two CLs-infected plants, one from Estelí, Nicaragua (JX559779) and one from Jinotega, Nicaragua (JK559780), were deposited in GenBank. Identity of insects was done using a morphological key, and then verified as Bactericera cockerelli using a real-time PCR assay with melt temperature analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene, as described by Chapman et al. (1). Sequencing of the amplified DNA yielded an approximately 63-bp read, with 100% homology to reference sequences of B. cockerelli (AY971886) and those obtained from psyllids collected in McAllen, TX, in 2010. B. cockerelli samples were collected from both locations. Similar to previous reports of ZC in new locations, foliar and tuber symptoms associated with ZC were observed in all eight fields in these two Nicaraguan potato-growing regions, specific PCR amplification with two primer pairs was completed, 16S rDNA sequence analyses showed 100% similarity to reference sequences of CLs, and the presence of potato psyllids which tested positive for the presence of CLs provide evidence that ZC is now present in Nicaragua. Potatoes rank in the top 20 commodities produced in Nicaragua, resulting in >$4.5M annual revenue. Because CLs has caused significant economic damage to potatoes in the United States, Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, this finding has significance for potato production in Central America. References: (1) R. I. Chapman et al. Southwest. Entomol. 37:475, 2012. (2) J. M. Crosslin. Southwest. Entomol. 36:125, 2011. (3) L. W. Liefting et al. Internat. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2274, 2009.
In vitro antimicrobial sperm protection by an ejaculate‐like substance
Authors: Otti Oliver , McTighe Aimee P. , Reinhardt Klaus 
Published: December 2012

Summary

Ejaculate substances are hugely diverse among and within species. The functional significance of this diversity has been little studied except for a few accessory gland proteins. These studies suggest that ejaculate components evolve mainly by sexual selection, that is, sperm competition, male–female co‐evolution or by female choice for paternal investment. However, male benefits of protecting sperm from microbial harm, that is, antimicrobial ejaculate protection, has received little attention in the evolutionary literature, while it has been discussed in the human and livestock literature.

Here, we examine in the common bedbug, Cimex lectularius, the two basic components of the antimicrobial ejaculate protection hypothesis: 1) microbes damage sperm cells and 2) antimicrobial ejaculate substances prevent such microbe‐induced sperm damage. We found that environmental microbes, which are sexually transmitted in bedbugs, induce sperm mortality. Sperm mortality was high (increased 40% compared with controls without bacteria) and very rapid (within 10 min) in vitro. Consistent with the antimicrobial sperm protection hypothesis, a lysozyme dose equivalent to the amount of antibacterial lysozyme‐like activity that is transferred in the seminal fluid during a single mating was sufficient to reduce sperm mortality to control levels.

While this result is not necessarily predicted by the paternal investment hypothesis, it is plausible that female benefits of male immune substances may evolve under the male–female co‐evolution hypothesis. We found that weekly physiological lysozyme doses equivalent to the observed lysozyme‐like activity in seminal fluid benefit females to some extent, indicating that immune‐active ejaculate substances may have a secondary gift function and may release females from a trade‐off between reproduction and immunity. Lysozyme seems to stimulate early egg‐laying above the female optimum and later cause earlier reproductive senescence, which is not consistent with the idea of an overall direct benefit but is consistent with the idea that males transfer manipulative substances to the females.

Our data are consistent with antimicrobial sperm protection. They support the idea of a naturally selected origin of ejaculate components and provide a mechanistically well‐defined pathway how sexual selection can affect ejaculate composition via antimicrobial sperm protection. As sperm and microbes frequently encounter each other in many species, antimicrobial sperm protection may be a common phenomenon and has the potential to inform models of male and female co‐evolution and biological diversification.
Experience Curves as an Organizing Framework for Deliberate Practice in Emergency Medicine Learning
Authors: Pusic Martin V. , Kessler David , Szyld Demian , Kalet Adina , Pecaric Martin , Boutis Kathy 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDeliberate practice is an important skill‐training strategy in emergency medicine (EM) education. Learning curves display the relationship between practice and proficiency. Forgetting curves show the opposite, and demonstrate how skill decays over time when it is not reinforced. Using examples of published studies of deliberate practice in EM we list the properties of learning and forgetting curves and suggest how they can be combined to create experience curves: a longitudinal representation of the relationship between practice, skill acquisition, and decay over time. This framework makes explicit the need to avoid a piecemeal, episodic approach to skill practice and assessment in favor of more emphasis on what can be done to improve durability of competence over time. The authors highlight the implications for both educators and education researchers.
A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder
Authors: Perich T. , Manicavasagar V. , Mitchell P. B. , Ball J. R. , Hadzi‐Pavlovic D. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) plus treatment as usual (TAU) to TAU alone for patients with bipolar disorder over a 12‐month follow‐up period.MethodParticipants with a DSM‐IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder were randomly allocated to either MBCT plus TAU or TAU alone. Primary outcome measures were time to recurrence of a DSM‐IV major depressive, hypomanic or manic episode; the Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS); and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Secondary outcome measures were number of recurrences, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).ResultsNinety‐five participants with bipolar disorder were recruited to the study (MBCT = 48; TAU = 47). Intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis found no significant differences between the groups on either time to first recurrence of a mood episode or total number of recurrences over the 12‐month period. Furthermore, there were no significant between‐group differences on the MADRS or YMRS scales. A significant between‐group difference was found in STAI – state anxiety scores. There was a significant treatment by time interaction for the DAS – achievement subscale.ConclusionWhile MBCT did not lead to significant reductions in time to depressive or hypo/manic relapse, total number of episodes, or mood symptom severity at 12‐month follow‐up, there was some evidence for an effect on anxiety symptoms. This finding suggests a potential role of MBCT in reducing anxiety comorbid with bipolar disorder.
Role of ventral subiculum in context‐induced reinstatement of heroin seeking in rats
Authors: Bossert Jennifer M. , Stern Anna L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn rats, reexposure to heroin‐paired contexts after extinction of lever responding in a different context reinstates heroin seeking. Previous reports indicate that ventral hippocampus/Ca1 region plays a critical role in cocaine‐, cue‐ and context‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Here, we examined whether ventral subiculum, the output region of ventral hippocampus, is involved in context‐induced reinstatement of heroin seeking. We found that reversible inactivation of ventral subiculum, but not posterior Ca1, with the gamma‐aminobutyric acid agonists muscimol + baclofen decreased context‐induced reinstatement of heroin seeking. Our findings, together with previous studies on cocaine seeking, indicate a critical role of ventral subiculum in context‐induced relapse across drug classes.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among illicit psychostimulant users: a hidden disorder?
Authors: Kaye Sharlene , Darke Shane , Torok Michelle 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimsTo estimate the prevalence, nature and correlates of symptomatology consistent with adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among illicit psychostimulant users.DesignCross‐section survey.SettingSydney, Australia.Participants269 regular illicit psychostimulant users.MeasurementsStructured interview assessing demographics, drug use and treatment history, psychostimulant dependence and self‐reported symptoms consistent with adult ADHD.FindingsAlmost half (45%) screened positive for adult ADHD (ADHD+). Symptoms of inattention (90%) were more prevalent than symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity (57%). Of those who screened positive for adult ADHD, only 17% had received a prior diagnosis of ADHD. The ADHD+ group differed from other participants in several respects: an earlier initiation of substance use and injecting drug use; more extensive polydrug use; a higher frequency of recent stimulant use and injecting drug use; a greater likelihood of stimulant dependence; and a greater likelihood of having received treatment for drug dependence. After controlling for other factors, screening positive for ADHD was associated independently with fewer years of education, earlier initiation of regular tobacco use and more extensive life‐time polydrug use.ConclusionsClinicians should be aware of the potential for patients of drug and alcohol treatment services to have undiagnosed and/or untreated ADHD that may impact on their compliance with, and retention in, treatment.
The formation of a failed continental breakup basin: The Cenozoic development of the Faroe‐Shetland Basin
Authors: Fletcher Rosie , Kusznir Nick , Roberts Alan , Hunsdale Robert 
Published: December 2012

AbstractUltra‐large rift basins, which may represent palaeo‐propagating rift tips ahead of continental rupture, provide an opportunity to study the processes that cause continental lithosphere thinning and rupture at an intermediate stage. One such rift basin is the Faroe‐Shetland Basin (FSB) on the north‐east Atlantic margin. To determine the mode and timing of thinning of the FSB, we have quantified apparent upper crustal β‐factors (stretching factors) from fault heaves and apparent whole‐lithosphere β‐factors by flexural backstripping and decompaction. These observations are compared with models of rift basin formation to determine the mode and timing of thinning of the FSB. We find that the Late Jurassic to Late Palaeocene (pre‐Atlantic) history of the FSB can be explained by a Jurassic to Cretaceous depth‐uniform lithosphere thinning event with a β‐factor of ~1.3 followed by a Late Palaeocene transient regional uplift of 450–550 m. However, post‐Palaeocene subsidence in the FSB of more than 1.9 km indicates that a Palaeocene rift with a β‐factor of more than 1.4 occurred, but there is only minor Palaeocene or post‐Palaeocene faulting (upper crustal β‐factors of less than 1.1). The subsidence is too localized within the FSB to be caused by a regional mantle anomaly. To resolve the β‐factor discrepancy, we propose that the lithospheric mantle and lower crust experienced a greater degree of thinning than the upper crust. Syn‐breakup volcanism within the FSB suggests that depth‐dependent thinning was synchronous with continental breakup at the adjacent Faroes and Møre margins. We suggest that depth‐dependent continental lithospheric thinning can result from small‐scale convection that thins the lithosphere along multiple offset axes prior to continental rupture, leaving a failed breakup basin once seafloor spreading begins. This study provides insight into the structure and formation of a generic global class of ultra‐large rift basins formed by failed continental breakup.
Developmental markers of risk or vulnerability? Young females who sexually abuse – characteristics, backgrounds, behaviours and outcomes
Authors: Masson Helen , Hackett Simon , Phillips Josie , Balfe Myles 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper presents findings from a subsample of 24 young females aged 8–16 years who were referred to specialist services in England during the 1990s because of their abusive sexual behaviours. The characteristics, backgrounds and behaviours of the sample are summarized and compared both with the males in the total population studied and with findings from the limited international literature on young female sexual abusers. Key findings include the higher rates of sexual victimization amongst females, their lack of prior criminal convictions, their somewhat younger ages at referral and their fewer victims. A smaller selection of case studies is used to illustrate the range of circumstances and behaviours leading to referral. Follow‐up interviews with two female ex service users, who are now in young adulthood, indicate that their childhood sexually abusive behaviour is more a marker of vulnerability than of risk of abusive behaviour in adulthood. Their struggles now as parents, in adult relationships and their ongoing health difficulties are outlined.
Religion and parenting: ignored relationship?
Authors: Godina Lidija 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEven though the social work profession has been increasingly sensitized to the spiritual needs of those that they are working with, recent history has demonstrated that professionals lack the knowledge and skills needed for understanding those who are subscribing to strong religious beliefs. The research reported in this paper draws on a qualitative study that examined the perceived caregiving practice of parents from the Seventh‐day Adventist faith community associated with the conservative Protestant sub‐culture. Twenty‐five participants aged 20–50 were invited to recall their experiences of being reared by practicing Adventist parents in the UK. An integrative phenomenological analysis yielded a number of themes that shed light on the relationship between religion and parenting. This paper will focus on the three key ideas that emerged: parenting was influenced by beliefs that parents held; a combination of warm and strict parenting was found with some evidence of stricter upbringing amongst black respondents; responses to parenting reported varied between acceptance and discomfort. The study gave valuable insight into individuals' experiences of a religious upbringing received within a secular environment.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Therapeutic Perspective for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Hui , Yuan Bin , Chen Ji , Feng De‐Hui , Zhao Bin , Qin Chao , Chen Yan‐Fang 
Published: December 2012

SummaryEndothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which can be cultured in vitro from mononuclear cells in peripheral blood or bone marrow, express both hematopoietic stem cell and endothelial cell markers on their surface. They are believed to participate in endothelial repair and postnatal angiogenesis due to their abilities of differentiating into endothelial cells and secreting protective cytokines and growth factors. Mounting evidence suggests that circulating EPCs are reduced and dysfunctional in various diseases including hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and ischemic stroke. Therefore, EPCs have been documented to be a potential biomarker for vascular diseases and a hopeful candidate for regenerative medicine. Ischemic stroke, as the major cause of disability and death, still has limited therapeutics based on the approaches of vascular recanalization or neuronal protection. Emerging evidence indicates that transplantation of EPCs is beneficial for the recovery of ischemic cerebral injury. EPC‐based therapy could open a new avenue for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Currently, clinical trials for evaluating EPC transfusion in treating ischemic stroke are underway. In this review, we summarize the general conceptions and the characteristics of EPCs, and highlight the recent research developments on EPCs. More importantly, the rationale, perspectives, and strategies for using them to treat ischemic stroke will be discussed.
Fish and hydropower on the U.S. Atlantic coast: failed fisheries policies from half‐way technologies
Authors: Brown J. Jed , Limburg Karin E. , Waldman John R. , Stephenson Kurt , Glenn Edward P. , Juanes Francis , Jordaan Adrian 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGlobally, diadromous species are at risk from fragmentation by damming of rivers, and a host of other anthropogenic factors. On the United States Atlantic Coast, where diadromous fish populations have undergone dramatic declines, restoration programs based on fishway construction and hatcheries have sustained remnant populations, but large‐scale restoration has not been achieved. We examine anadromous fish restoration programs on three large Atlantic Coast rivers, the Susquehanna, Connecticut, and Merrimack with multiple mainstem hydropower dams, most with relatively low generating capacity. Mean passage efficiencies through fishways on these rivers from the first dam to the spawning grounds for American shad are less than 3%. The result is that only small fractions of targeted fish species are able to complete migrations. It may be time to admit failure of fish passage and hatchery‐based restoration programs and acknowledge that significant diadromous species restoration is not possible without dam removals. The approach being employed on the Penobscot River, where dams are being removed or provided the opportunity to increase power generation within a plan to provide increased access to habitat, offers a good model for restoration. Dammed Atlantic Coastal rivers offer a cautionary tale for developing nations intent on hydropower development, suggesting that lasting ecosystem‐wide impacts cannot be compensated for through fish passage and hatchery technology.
Impact of recipient age on whole organ pancreas transplantation
Authors: Shah Ashesh P. , Mangus Richard S. , Powelson John A. , Samy Kannan P. , Taber Tim E. , Goble Michelle L. , Fridell Jonathan A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimThe goal of this study was to assess the impact of recipient age on post‐transplant outcome.MethodsAll pancreas transplants performed at Indiana University between 2003 and 2011 were reviewed. Demographic data were compared using standard chi‐square and ANOVA testing. Standard Cox regression survival analysis was performed using a direct entry method for covariates.ResultsPatients (n = 405) were divided by decade: <30 yr (n = 37), 30–39 (n = 109), 40–49 (n = 156), 50–59 (n = 85), and ≥60 yr of age (n = 18). Group demographics did not differ except for median ischemia time, which was between 7.0 and 8.5 h (p = 0.02). Early graft loss and one yr graft and patient survival were similar between the groups. Long‐term patient survival demonstrated a trend toward decreased five‐yr survival with increasing recipient age (p = NS). Graft survival at five yr by Cox regression was the lowest for the <30 yr group (74%), while all other groups were similar around 80% (p = NS).ConclusionNo statistically significant differences in pancreas transplant outcomes were demonstrated when recipients were stratified by recipient age. These results suggest that older recipients can successfully undergo pancreas transplantation and expect five‐yr outcomes similar to those seen in younger recipients.