bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Configurations institutionnelles de la protection de l’enfance : regards croisés de l’Afrique, de l’Europe et de l’Amérique du Nord
Authors: Wouango Joséphine , Turcotte Daniel 
Published: August 2014

Cet article porte sur l’analyse de trois configurations institutionnelles de la protection de l’enfance : celle en place au Burkina Faso, en Belgique et au Québec. Pour chaque configuration, le texte explore les transformations qui ont marqué le passage de la prise en charge exclusive de l’enfant par la famille vers la présence accrue de l’État et la manière dont la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant de 1989 a influencé ce passage. Il montre, au travers d’une lecture historique, que l’implication de l’État dans la protection des enfants a connu des formes et des modalités variables selon le temps et l’espace. L’approche actuelle en matière de protection de l’enfance au Nord et au Sud, approche largement inspirée de la perspective des droits, représente un défi tant pour les intervenants que pour les familles, car son application dépend à fois des ressources disponibles pour aider les enfants et les familles en difficulté, de la capacité d’action des institutions publiques et de l’efficacité des interventions.
Pilot Trial of Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy for Patients With Frequent Episodic Tension-Type Headache
Authors: Rolle Guido , Tremolizzo Lucio , Somalvico Francesco , Ferrarese Carlo , Bressan Livio C. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Context: Osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMTh; manipulative care provided by foreign-trained osteopaths) may be used for managing headache pain and related disability, but there is a need for high-quality randomized controlled trials to assess the effectiveness of this intervention.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of OMTh for pain management in frequent episodic tension-type headache (TTH).

Design: Single-blind randomized placebo-controlled pilot study.

Setting: Patients were recruited from 5 primary care settings.

Patients: Forty-four patients who were affected by frequent episodic TTH and not taking any drugs for prophylactic management of episodic TTH were recruited.

Interventions: Patients were randomly allocated to an experimental or control group. The experimental group received corrective OMTh techniques, tailored for each patient; the control group received assessment of the cranial rhythmic impulse (sham therapy). The study included a 1-month baseline period, a 1-month treatment period, and a 3-month follow-up period.

Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the change in patient-reported headache frequency, and secondary outcomes included changes in headache pain intensity (discrete score, 1 [lowest perceived pain] to 5 [worst perceived pain]), over-the-counter medication use, and Headache Disability Inventory score.

Results: Forty patients completed the study (OMTh, n=21; control, n=19). The OMTh group had a significant reduction in headache frequency over time that persisted 1 month (approximate reduction, 40%; P<.001) and 3 months (approximate reduction, 50%; P<.001) after the end of treatment. Moreover, there was an absolute difference between the 2 treatment groups at the end of the study, with a 33% lower frequency of headache in the OMTh group (P<.001).

Conclusion: This feasibility study demonstrated the efficacy of OMTh in the management of frequent episodic TTH, compared with sham therapy in a control group. Osteopathic manipulative therapy may be preferred over other treatment modalities and may benefit patients who have adverse effects to medications or who have difficulty complying with pharmacologic regimens. This protocol may serve as a model for future studies.
Pierre Robin Sequence in a Neonate With Suckling Difficulty and Weight Loss
Authors: Summers Jeffery , Ludwig Jacob , Kanze David 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPierre Robin sequence (PRS) is a combination of micrognathia and glossoptosis that leads to airway obstruction, feeding problems, and potentially other sequelae that can complicate early life. Currently, therapy for these newborns and infants is focused on preventing fatality or complications until the jaw can grow sufficiently to correct airway obstruction and associated problems. For patients with mild PRS, treatments include conservative measures such as airway maintenance and a feeding tube. For more severe cases, a surgical procedure is necessary. To the authors' knowledge, the effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative treatment of patients with PRS has not been reported in the literature. The current case describes the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment to help alleviate difficulties with breathing and latch and suckling in a 15-day-old newborn with PRS.
Use of a Small Intestine Submucosa Extracellular Matrix Patch in Repeated Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Madden Nicholas J. , Troutman Douglas A. , DeMarsico Arthur J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Various patches have been described in the literature for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. In the present report, the authors present the case of a 71-year-old woman who had bilateral carotid endarterectomies 17 years earlier and greater than 80% restenosis of the right internal carotid artery. The patient underwent a repeated right carotid endarterectomy using a small intestine submucosa extracellular matrix patch for closure of the arteriotomy. Given the unique biologic properties of the small intestine submucosa patch and the technical advantages associated with its use for patch angioplasty, further studies to define its efficacy are warranted.
Characteristics of monoenergetic and broadband auroral electron precipitation as observed by the Science and Technology Satellite‐I
Authors: Park J. , Min K. W. , Lim Y. M. , Lee J.‐C. , Lee J.‐J. , Kim H. J. , Hwang J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPreviously, the pitch angle distribution of monoenergetic and broadband electron precipitation has been investigated mainly by case studies. The main focus of this study is quantitative comparison of pitch angle distributions between monoenergetic and broadband electron precipitations using long‐term observations on board one platform. From December 2003 to October 2004, Science and Technology Satellite‐I (altitude∼680 km) regularly observed auroral electron flux and cold ambient plasma parameters during quiet and moderately disturbed conditions. Monoenergetic electron precipitation has notable perpendicular anisotropy, while broadband electron precipitation is much more field aligned. As for other features of monoenergetic and broadband electron precipitation, the characteristic energy of precipitating electrons is slightly higher for monoenergetic (around 1 keV) than for broadband electron precipitation (from several hundred eV to 1 keV). For both monoenergetic and broadband types, the characteristic energy and energy flux do not show clear correlation with cold ambient plasma density/temperature.
Influence of water depth on the carbon sequestration capacity of seagrasses
Authors: Serrano Oscar , Lavery Paul S. , Rozaimi Mohammad , Mateo Miguel Ángel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe actual estimates of carbon stocks beneath seagrass meadows worldwide are derived from few data, resulting in a tendency to generalize global carbon stocks from a very limited number of seagrass habitats. We surveyed Posidonia oceanica and Posidonia sinuosa meadows along depth‐induced gradients of light availability to assess the variability in their sedimentary organic carbon (Corg) stocks and accretion rates. This study showed a fourfold decrease in Corg stocks from 2–4 m to 6–8 m depth P. sinuosa meadows (averaging 7.0 and 1.8 kg m−2, respectively; top meter of sediment) and a fourteenfold to sixteenfold decrease from shallow (2 m) to deep (32 m) P. oceanica meadows (200 and 19 kg m−2 average, respectively; top 2.7 m of sediment). The average Corg accretion rates in shallow P. sinuosa meadows were higher (10.5 g m−2 yr−1) than in deeper meadows (2.1 g m−2 yr−1). The reduction of sedimentary Corg stocks and accretion rates along depth‐related gradients of light reduction suggests that irradiance, controlling plant productivity, meadow density, and sediment accretion rates, is a key environmental factor affecting Corg storage potential of seagrasses. The results obtained highlighted the exceptional carbon storage capacity of P. oceanica meadows at Balearic Islands (Spain), containing the highest areal Corg stocks of all seagrasses (estimated in up to 691–770 kg m−2 in 8–13 m thick deposits). Seagrass communities are experiencing worldwide decline, and reduced irradiance (following e.g., eutrophication or sediment regime alterations) will lead to photoacclimation responses (i.e., reduced plant productivity and shoot density), which may impact the carbon sequestration capacity of seagrasses.
Experimental assessment of Owen's second hypothesis on surface shear stress induced by a fluid during sediment saltation
Authors: Walter B. , Horender S. , Voegeli C. , Lehning M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA widely used, yet thus far unproven, fluid dynamical hypothesis originally presented by P. R. Owen 50 years ago, states that the surface shear stress induced by a fluid on the ground during equilibrium sediment saltation is constant and independent of the magnitude of the fluid velocity and consequently the particle mass flux. This hypothesis is one of the key elements in almost all current model descriptions of sediment erosion. We measured the surface shear stress in a drifting‐sand wind tunnel and found Owen's hypothesis being merely an approximation of the real situation. A significant decrease of the fluid stress with increasing wind velocities was measured for low to intermediate particle mass fluxes. For high particle mass fluxes, Owen's hypothesis essentially holds, although a slight increase of the fluid stress was measured.
Unexpected impacts of the Tropical Pacific array on reanalysis surface meteorology and heat fluxes
Authors: Josey S. A. , Yu L. , Gulev S. , Jin X. , Tilinina N. , Barnier B. , Brodeau L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Tropical Pacific mooring array has been a key component of the climate observing system since the early 1990s. We identify a pattern of strong near surface humidity anomalies, colocated with the array, in the widely used European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting Interim atmospheric reanalysis. The pattern generates large, previously unrecognized latent and net air‐sea heat flux anomalies, up to 50 Wm−2 in the annual mean, in reanalysis derived data sets employed for climate studies (TropFlux) and ocean model forcing (the Drakkar Forcing Set). As a consequence, uncertainty in Tropical Pacific ocean heat uptake between the 1990s and early 2000s at the mooring sites is significant with mooring colocated differences in decadally averaged ocean heat uptake as large as 20 Wm−2. Furthermore, these results have major implications for the dual use of air‐sea flux buoys as reference sites and sources of assimilation data that are discussed.
Altitude‐adjusted corrected geomagnetic coordinates: Definition and functional approximations
Authors: Shepherd S. G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAnalysis of the functional approximations used to transform between geographic and Altitude‐Adjusted Corrected Geomagnetic (AACGM) coordinates reveals that errors of >50 km can occur in the auroral and polar regions. These errors are the result of efforts to better approximate AACGM coordinates near the magnetic equator and the South Atlantic Anomaly. In these regions AACGM coordinates are not defined and alternate coordinates have been used. This augmentation and emphasis on the solution in regions near the equator result in spherical harmonic approximating functions that are less accurate than need be in the auroral and polar regions. In response, a new set of spherical harmonic coefficients have been derived that better represent AACGM coordinates in these regions. These new AACGM coefficients are limited to below 2000 km in altitude in order to ensure accuracy. For altitudes above 2000 km, a magnetic field‐line tracing solution is recommended. A software package developed to take advantage of the new AACGM coefficients provides the capability of tracing magnetic field lines at any altitude, for improved accuracy. In addition, linear interpolation between 5 year epochs is used to produce coordinates that vary smoothly over the entire period from 1965 to present. The intent of this work is to provide a more accurate procedure for determining AACGM coordinates in the auroral and polar regions for the study of magnetospheric and ionospheric processes.
Tropospheric nitric acid columns from the IASI satellite instrument interpreted with a chemical transport model: Implications for parameterizations of nitric oxide production by lightning
Authors: Cooper Matthew , Martin Randall V. , Wespes Catherine , Coheur Pierre‐Francois , Clerbaux Cathy , Murray Lee T. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper interprets tropical tropospheric nitric acid columns from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite instrument with a global chemical transport model (GEOS‐Chem). GEOS‐Chem and IASI columns generally agree over the tropical ocean to within 10%. However, the GEOS‐Chem simulation underestimates IASI nitric acid over Southeast Asia by a factor of 2. The regional nitric acid bias is confirmed by comparing the GEOS‐Chem simulation with additional satellite (High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder, Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer) and aircraft (Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM)‐Tropics A and PEM‐West B) observations of the middle and upper troposphere. This bias appears to be driven by the lightning NOx parameterization, both in terms of the magnitude of the NOx source and the ozone production efficiency of concentrated lightning NOx plumes. We tested a subgrid lightning plume parameterization and found that an ozone production efficiency of 15 mol/mol in lightning plumes over Southeast Asia in conjunction with an additional 0.5 Tg N would reduce the regional nitric acid bias from 92% to 6% without perturbing the rest of the tropics. Other sensitivity studies such as modified NOx yield per flash, increased altitude of lightning NOx emissions, decreased convective mass flux, or increased scavenging of nitric acid required unrealistic changes to reduce the bias.
Effect O6‐guanine alkylation on DNA flexibility studied by comparative molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Kara Mahmut , Drsata Tomas , Lankas Filip , Zacharias Martin 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAlkylation of guanine at the O6 atom is a highly mutagenic DNA lesion because it alters the coding specificity of the base causing G:C to A:T transversion mutations. Specific DNA repair enzymes, e.g. O6‐alkylguanin‐DNA‐Transferases (AGT), recognize and repair such damage after looping out the damaged base to transfer it into the enzyme active site. The exact mechanism how the repair enzyme identifies a damaged site within a large surplus of undamaged DNA is not fully understood. The O6‐alkylation of guanine may change the deformability of DNA which may facilitate the initial binding of a repair enzyme at the damaged site. In order to characterize the effect of O6‐methyl‐guanine (O6‐MeG) containing base pairs on the DNA deformability extensive comparative molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on duplex DNA with central G:C, O6‐MeG:C or O6‐MeG:T base pairs were performed. The simulations indicate significant differences in the helical deformability due to the presence of O6‐MeG compared to regular undamaged DNA. This includes enhanced base pair opening, shear and stagger motions and alterations in the backbone fine structure caused in part by transient rupture of the base pairing at the damaged site and transient insertion of water molecules. It is likely that the increased opening motions of O6‐MeG:C or O6‐MeG:T base pairs play a decisive role for the induced fit recognition or for the looping out of the damaged base by repair enzymes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 23–32, 2015.
Serum phytanic and pristanic acid levels and prostate cancer risk in Finnish smokers
Authors: Wright Margaret E. , Albanes Demetrius , Moser Ann B. , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Snyder Kirk , Männistö Satu , Gann Peter H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPhytanic acid is a saturated branched‐chain fatty acid found predominantly in red meat and dairy products, and may contribute to the elevated risks of prostate cancer associated with higher consumption of these foods. Pristanic acid is formed during peroxisomal oxidation of phytanic acid, and is the direct substrate of α‐Methyl‐CoA‐Racemase (AMACR)—an enzyme that is consistently overexpressed in prostate tumors relative to benign tissue. We measured phytanic and pristanic acids as percentages of total fatty acids by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry in prediagnostic blood samples from 300 prostate cancer cases and 300 matched controls, all of whom were participants in the Alpha‐Tocopherol, Beta‐Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study supplementation trial and follow‐up cohort. In addition to providing a fasting blood sample at baseline, all men completed extensive diet, lifestyle, and medical history questionnaires. Among controls, the strongest dietary correlates of serum phytanic and pristanic acids were saturated fat, dairy fat, and butter (r = 0.50 and 0.40, 0.46 and 0.38, and 0.40 and 0.37, respectively; all P‐values <0.001). There was no association between serum phytanic acid and risk of total or aggressive prostate cancer in multivariate logistic regression models (for increasing quartiles, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for aggressive cancer were 1.0 (referent), 1.62 (0.97–2.68), 1.12 (0.66–1.90), and 1.14 (0.67–1.94), Ptrend = 0.87). Pristanic acid was strongly correlated with phytanic acid levels (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001), and was similarly unrelated to prostate cancer risk. Significant interactions between phytanic and pristanic acids and baseline circulating β‐carotene concentrations were noted in relation to total and aggressive disease among participants who did not receive β‐carotene supplements as part of the original ATBC intervention trial. In summary, we observed no overall association between serum phytanic and pristanic acid levels and prostate cancer risk. Findings indicating that the direction and magnitude of these associations depended upon serum levels of the antioxidant β‐carotene among men not taking β‐carotene supplements should be interpreted cautiously, as they are likely due to chance.
Suppression of Aggrus/podoplanin‐induced platelet aggregation and pulmonary metastasis by a single‐chain antibody variable region fragment
Authors: Miyata Kenichi , Takagi Satoshi , Sato Shigeo , Morioka Hiroshi , Shiba Kiyotaka , Minamisawa Tamiko , Takami Miho , Fujita Naoya 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAlmost all highly metastatic tumor cells possess high platelet aggregating abilities, thereby form large tumor cell‐platelet aggregates in the microvasculature. Embolization of tumor cells in the microvasculature is considered to be the first step in metastasis to distant organs. We previously identified the platelet aggregation‐inducing factor expressed on the surfaces of highly metastatic tumor cells and named as Aggrus. Aggrus was observed to be identical to the marker protein podoplanin (alternative names, T1α, OTS‐8, and others). Aggrus is frequently overexpressed in several types of tumors and enhances platelet aggregation by interacting with the platelet receptor C‐type lectin‐like receptor 2 (CLEC‐2). Here, we generated a novel single‐chain antibody variable region fragment (scFv) by linking the variable regions of heavy and light chains of the neutralizing anti‐human Aggrus monoclonal antibody MS‐1 with a flexible peptide linker. Unfortunately, the generated KM10 scFv failed to suppress Aggrus‐induced platelet aggregation in vitro. Therefore, we performed phage display screening and finally obtained a high‐affinity scFv, K‐11. K‐11 scFv was able to suppress Aggrus‐induced platelet aggregation in vitro. Moreover, K‐11 scFv prevented the formation of pulmonary metastasis in vivo. These results suggest that K‐11 scFv may be useful as metastasis inhibitory scFv and is expected to aid in the development of preclinical and clinical examinations of Aggrus‐targeted cancer therapies.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of SiO44–‐Substituted Hydroxyapatite, Part II – Reaction Mechanism, Structure, and Substitution Limit
Authors: Bulina Natalya V. , Chaikina Marina V. , Andreev Andrey S. , Lapina Olga B. , Ishchenko Arcady V. , Prosanov Igor Yu. , Gerasimov Konstantin B. , Solovyov Leonid A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFor the first time, silicate‐substituted hydroxyapatites have been prepared from mixtures containing different amounts of silicon (0.2–2 mol per mol of apatite unit cell) by dry mechanochemical synthesis at room temperature in a planetary ball mill. The XRD, FTIR, TEM, and NMR spectroscopic data show that the product of the mechanochemical synthesis is a single‐phase nanocrystalline apatite containing different amounts of carbonate and silicate ions and adsorbed water. In the annealed samples, three silicon concentration subranges can be distinguished, each of which is characterized by specific evolution of the lattice parameters. The formation mechanism of the silicate‐substituted hydroxyapatite obtainable by this method is discussed. The studies indicate that the silicon substitution limit in the silicate‐substituted lattice achievable by the dry mechanochemical synthesis followed by heat treatment is 1.2 mol per mol of apatite unit cell.
Reflective minds and open hearts: Cognitive style and personality predict religiosity and spiritual thinking in a community sample
Authors: Browne Matthew , Pennycook Gordon , Goodwin Belinda , McHenry Melinda 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe examined associations between two psychological constructs, analytic cognitive style and the personality facet ‘Openness to Experience’, and several dimensions of religiosity: religious affiliation, strength of faith and spiritual epistemology. In a relatively large (N = 1093), older community sample (M = 55.4 years), analytic cognitive style was associated with a lower probability of affiliating with a religious denomination and a higher probability of possessing strong religious faith. Overall, openness was also associated with a lack of religious affiliation but was positively related to possessing a spiritual epistemology. A path‐analytic model revealed that openness had a positive relationship to both faith and religious denomination that was mediated by spiritual epistemology, but negative direct relationships with religiosity after the meditational effects were taken into account. Taken together, these results extend previous findings on the effect of cognitive style on religiosity and provide a new perspective on the complex relationship between cognitive and personality factors and different dimensions of religiosity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.