bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cephalometric Evaluation of Pretreatment and Post-treatment Outcome using Tetragon Analysis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Nayak Sunil S , Pushpalatha C , Bhasin Vinny S , Tammannavar Praveen , Viswanathan Vinod 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Statement of problem
Few cephalometric analyses have been put forward to assess the treatment outcome after orthodontic treatment. However, these analyses are somewhat complicated and time consuming. The Tetragon analysis is introduced with measurement of treatment outcome as one of its objectives.

Purpose of study
The study was undertaken to evaluate the treatment outcome by checking the skeletal and dental changes using pretreatment and post-treatment radiographs and to evaluate the efficiency of treatment in the Department of Orthodontics, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, using the Tetragon analysis.

Materials and methods
Records of 35 finished patients with fixed orthodontic therapy using preadjusted edgewise appliance were selected. The samples were analyzed separately for the skeletal parameters consisting of skeletal class I, II and III using Tetragon analysis.

Results
The post-treatment reduction of upper incisor palatal plane angle was found to be statistically significant in skeletal class I (p < 0.01) and skeletal class II patients (p < 0.05). The post-treatment increase in interincisal angle was found to be statistically significant in skeletal class I (p < 0.01) class II patients (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Fixed appliance therapy reduced the proclination of upper incisors and increased the interincisal angle in skeletal class I and II cases but not in skeletal class III cases. The lower incisal angulation and the maxilla-mandibular plane angle did change significantly and so were the angles of the Trigon. The Tetragon analysis proved easy to measure the treatment outcome.

How to cite this article
Bhasin VS, Tammannavar P, Pushpalatha C, Nayak SS, Viswanathan V. A Cephalometric Evaluation of Pretreatment and Post-treatment Outcome using Tetragon Analysis: A Retrospective Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):238-243.
Degree of Conversion and Hardness of Two Different Systems of the VitrebondTM Glass Ionomer Cement Light Cured with Blue LED
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , de Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Borges Alvaro Henrique , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , Calixto Luiz Rafael , Barros Erico Damasceno , Lima Fabrício Viana Pereira 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
This study investigated the physicochemical properties of the new formulation of the glass ionomer cements through hardness test and degree of conversion by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Forty specimens (n = 40) were made in a metallic mold (4 mm diameter x 2 mm thickness) with two resin-modified glass ionomer cements, VitrebondTM and VitrebondTM Plus (3M/ ESPE). Each specimen was light cured with blue LED with power density of 500 mW/cm2 during 30 s. Immediately after light curing, 24h, 48h and 7 days the hardness and degree of conversion was determined. The Vickers hardness was performed by the MMT-3 microhardness tester using load of 50 gm force for 30 seconds. For degree of conversion, the specimens were pulverized, pressed with KBr and analyzed with FT-IR (Nexus 470). The statistical analysis of the data by ANOVA showed that the VitrebondTM and VitrebondTM Plus were no difference significant between the same storage times (p > 0.05). For degree of conversion, the VitrebondTM and VitrebondTM Plus were statistically different in all storage times after light curing. The VitrebondTM showed higher values than VitrebondTM Plus (p < 0.05). The performance of VitrebondTM had greater results for degree of conversion than VitrebondTM Plus. The correlation between hardness and degree of conversion was no evidence in this study.

How to cite this article
Calixto LR, Tonetto MR, Pinto SCS, Barros ED, Borges AH, Lima FVP, de Andrade MF, Bandéca MC. Degree of Conversion and Hardness of Two Different Systems of the VitrebondTM Glass Ionomer Cement Light Cured with Blue LED. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2): 244-249.
Replication of Genome‐Wide association studies (GWAS) loci for sleep in the British G1219 cohort
Authors: Parsons Michael J. , Lester Kathryn J. , Barclay Nicola L. , Nolan Patrick M. , Eley Thalia C. , Gregory Alice M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSleep is a critical behavior shared by most higher animals. Sleep disturbances are comorbid with numerous psychiatric disorders, most notably symptoms of depression. Twin studies have suggested that genetic influences partially underlie the variation seen for numerous sleep‐related traits across individuals. Recently, two Genome‐Wide Association Studies (GWAS) conducted for sleep traits have revealed new candidate genes for sleep‐related measures. We attempted to replicate the two most significant associations from these two studies, CACNA1C (a l‐type calcium channel) with sleep latency and quality and ABCC9 (an ATP‐sensitive potassium channel) with sleep duration, using the G1219 British population sample. We genotyped single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each of the two different sleep GWAS loci. Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess main effects of these SNPs on their corresponding sleep measures, as well as for depressive symptoms. We successfully replicated an association of a genetic variant in the CACNA1C gene (rs16929277) with sleep quality using an additive model of inheritance. A significant association of the ABCC9 gene (rs11046209) with sleep duration was seen only in a recessive models based upon a rare homozygous genotype (n = 2). There was also a significant association between a different ABCC9 gene variant (rs11046205) and depressive symptoms. These findings add further support for the involvement of calcium channels in the mechanisms regulating sleep function and suggest a possible role of the ABCC9 gene in depression. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asymmetric Aldol Reactions between Acetone and Benzaldehydes Catalyzed by Chiral Zn2+ Complexes of Aminoacyl 1,4,7,10‐Tetraazacyclododecane: Fine‐Tuning of the Amino‐Acid Side Chains and a Revised Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Itoh Susumu , Tokunaga Takuya , Sonoike Shotaro , Kitamura Masanori , Yamano Akihito , Aoki Shin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe previously reported that chiral Zn2+ complexes that were designed to mimic the actions of class‐I and class‐II aldolases catalyzed the enantioselective aldol reactions of acetone and its analogues thereof with benzaldehyde derivatives. Herein, we report the synthesis of new chiral Zn2+ complexes that contain Zn2+tetraazacyclododecane (Zn2+[12]aneN4) moieties and amino acids that contain aliphatic, aromatic, anionic, cationic, and dipeptide side chains. The chemical and optical yields of the aldol reaction were improved (up to 96 % ee) by using ZnL complexes of L‐decanylglycyl‐pendant [12]aneN4 (L‐ZnL7), L‐naphthylalanyl‐pendant [12]aneN4 (L‐ZnL10), L‐biphenylalanyl‐pendant [12]aneN4 (L‐ZnL11), and L‐phenylethylglycyl‐pendant [12]aneN4 ligands (L‐ZnL12). UV/Vis and circular dichroism (CD) titrations of acetylacetone (acac) with ZnL complexes confirmed that a ZnL(acac)− complex was exclusively formed and not the enaminone of ZnL and acac, as we had previously proposed. Moreover, the results of stopped‐flow experiments indicated that the complexation of (acac)− with ZnL was complete within milliseconds, whereas the formation of an enaminone required several hours. X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis of L‐ZnL10 and the ZnL complex of L‐diphenylalanyl‐pendant [12]aneN4 (L‐ZnL13) shows that the NH2 groups of the amino‐acid side chains of these ligands are coordinated to the Zn2+ center as the fourth coordination site, in addition to three nitrogen atoms of the [12]aneN4 rings. The reaction mechanism of these aldol reactions is discussed and some corrections are made to our previous mechanistic hypothesis.
Disruption of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 Pathway in Nitrofen‐Induced Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Gosemann Jan‐Hendrik , Friedmacher Florian , Fujiwara Naho , Alvarez Luis A. J. , Corcionivoschi Nicolae , Puri Prem 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND/PURPOSECongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains a major therapeutic challenge despite advances in neonatal resuscitation and intensive care. The high mortality and morbidity in CDH has been attributed to pulmonary hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH). Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) plays a key role in pulmonary vasculogenesis during the late stages of fetal lung development. BMPR2 is essential for control of endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Dysfunction of BMPR2 and downstream signaling have been shown to disturb the crucial balance of proliferation of smooth muscle cells contributing to the pathogenesis of human and experimental PH. We designed this study to investigate the hypothesis that BMPR2 signaling is disrupted in nitrofen‐induced CDH.METHODSPregnant rats were treated with nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D9). Fetuses were sacrificed on D21 and divided into CDH and control. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and confocal‐immunofluorescence were performed to determine pulmonary gene expression levels and protein expression of BMPR2 and related proteins.RESULTSPulmonary Bmpr2 gene expression levels were significantly decreased in nitrofen‐induced CDH compared to controls. Western blotting and confocal microscopy revealed decreased pulmonary BMPR2 protein expression and increased activation of p38MAPK in CDH compared to controls.CONCLUSIONThe observed disruption of the BMPR2 signaling pathway may lead to extensive vascular remodeling and contribute to PH in the nitrofen‐induced CDH model. BMPR2 may therefore represent a potential target for the treatment of PH in CDH.
Pierisformotoxins A – D, Polyesterified Grayanane Diterpenoids from Pieris formosa and Their cAMP‐Decreasing Activities
Authors: Wang Wei‐Guang , Wu Zhao‐Yuan , Chen Rui , Li Hai‐Zhou , Li Hong‐Mei , Li Yuan‐Dan , Li Rong‐Tao , Luo Huai‐Rong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFour highly acylated diterpenoids, designated as pierisformotoxins A–D (1–4, resp.), along with 26 known compounds, were isolated from the flowers of Pieris formosa. Among them, pierisformotoxins A and B (1 and 2, resp.) were new highly acylated grayanane diterpenoids, of which the five‐membered ring A has undergone an oxidative cleavage between C(3) and C(4), followed by lactonization, to give rise to a five‐membered lactone ring between C(3) and C(5), differing from the previously reported grayanane diterpenoids with a 5/7/6/5 ring system. Results of the cAMP‐regulation‐activity assay showed that pierisformotoxin C (3) at 10 μM (inhibitory ratio (IR): 10.1%) or 2 μM (9.8%), and pierisformotoxin B (2) at 50 μM (13.9%) significantly decreased the cAMP level in N1E‐115 neuroblastoma cells (p<0.05).
Campanula portenschlagianaRoem. et Schult.: Chemical and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Politeo Olivera , Skocibusic Mirjana , Burcul Franko , Maravic Ana , Carev Ivana , Ruscic Mirko , Milos Mladen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe phytochemical profile and the antimicrobial effects of the volatile oil and the aqueous extract of Campanula portenschlagiana, a wild growing plant endemic to Croatia, were described. In the volatile oil, 53 compounds were identified by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. Diterpene alcohols constituted the major compound class with labda‐13(16),14‐dien‐8‐ol as the main compound. The aqueous extract was characterized by the total phenolic content. The antimicrobial potential of the volatile oil and the aqueous extract was evaluated against a diverse range of microorganisms comprising food‐spoilage and food‐borne pathogens. The volatile oil exhibited interesting and promising antimicrobial effects against the tested species, which were generally more pronounced against Gram‐negative bacteria. In addition, the inhibitory effect of this volatile oil was also evaluated against eleven extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing isolates. The results suggest that the C. portenschlagiana volatile oil might be used as antimicrobial agent against ESBL‐producing isolates and Gram‐negative bacteria.
Four Flavanocoumarins from the Leaves of Litsea coreanaLevl.
Authors: Tang Wen‐Jian , Zhang Yi‐Long , Xiao Qing‐Pin , Huang Cheng , Jin Yong , Li Jun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo new flavanocoumarins, 1 and 2, together with phyllocoumarin (3) and epiphyllocoumarin (4), were isolated from the leaves of Litsea coreana Levl. in Anhui Province, China. The structures of 1–4 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Biological tests revealed that 1–4 exhibited moderate anti‐inflammatory activities through inhibition of TNF‐α and IL‐1 production in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
Luminescent Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as a Chemopalette: Tuning the Thermochromic Behavior of Dual‐Emissive Phosphorescence by Adjusting the Supramolecular Microenvironments
Authors: Zhan Shun‐Ze , Li Mian , Ng Seik Weng , Li Dan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo classical copper(I)‐cluster‐based luminophores, namely, Cu4I4 and [Cu3Pz3]2 (Pz=pyrazolate), are immobilized in a supramolecular system through the formation of metal–organic framework (MOF) materials. This series of luminescent MOF materials, namely, [Cu4I4(NH3)Cu3(L1)3]n, [Cu4I4(NH2CH3)Cu3(L1)3]n, and [Cu4I4Cu3(L2)3]n (L1=3‐(4‐pyridyl)‐5‐(p‐tolyl)pyrazolate; L2=3‐(4‐pyridyl)‐5‐(2,4‐dimethylphenyl)pyrazolate), exhibit diverse thermochromism attributed to the relative functioning efficacy of the two coordination luminophores. Such an intriguing chemopalette effect is regulated by the different supramolecular microenvironments between the two‐dimensional layers of these MOFs, and in particular, by the fine‐tuned Cu–Cu distances in the excimeric [Cu3Pz3]2 luminophore. The structure–property elucidation of the thermochromic behavior allows one to understand these optical materials with unusual dual‐emissive properties.
Solid‐State Phosphorescence of trans‐Bis(salicylaldiminato)platinum(II) Complexes Bearing Long Alkyl Chains: Morphology Control towards Intense Emission
Authors: Komiya Naruyoshi , Itami Nao , Naota Takeshi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMorphology control for intense solid‐state phosphorescence of non‐emissive, but potentially emissive crystals of platinum complexes and the mechanistic rationale are described. A series of trans‐bis(salicylaldiminato)platinum(II) complexes bearing linear alkyl chains (1 a: n=5; 1 b: n=8; 1 c: n=12; 1 d: n=14; 1 e: n=16; 1 f: n=18) was synthesized and the solid‐state emission properties were examined by using crystals/aggregates prepared under various precipitation conditions. Crystals of 1 e, prepared using “kinetic” conditions including rapid cooling, high concentrations, and poor solvents, emit intensive yellow phosphorescence (λmax=545 nm) under UV irradiation at 298 K with an absolute quantum efficiency of 0.36, whereas all the crystals of 1 a–1 f prepared using “thermodynamic” conditions including slow cooling, low concentrations, and good solvents were either non‐ or less emissive with Φ298K values of 0.12 (1 a), 0.11 (1 b), 0.10 (1 c), 0.07 (1 d), 0.02 (1 e), and 0.02 (1 f) under the same measurement conditions. The amorphous solid 1 e, prepared by rapid cooling and freeze‐drying, was also non‐emissive (Φ298K=0.02, 0.02). Temperature‐dependent emission spectra showed that the kinetic crystals of 1 e exhibit high heat‐resistance towards emission decay with increasing temperature, whereas the amorphous solid 1 e is entirely heat‐quenchable. This is a rare example of the change from a non‐emissive crystal into a highly emissive crystal by morphology control through crystal engineering. Emission spectra and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the emissive, kinetic crystals of 1 e are clearly distinct from those of the less emissive, thermodynamic crystals of 1 a–1 f. Single‐crystal XRD unequivocally establishes that the thermodynamic crystals of 1 d have a multilayered lamellar structure supported by highly regulated, consecutive π‐stacking interactions between imine moieties, whereas the kinetic crystals of 1 e have a face‐to‐edge lamellar structure with less stacking. These results lead to the conclusion that 1) morphology control of long‐chained complexes exclusively generates a metastable herringbone‐based lamellar packing motif that exhibits intense emission and high heat‐resistance, while 2) a thermodynamically stable, highly regulated, consecutive stacking motif is unfavorable for solid‐state emission.
Fibromuscular Dysplasia Affecting a Two‐Branched Renal Artery in a Patient With a Solitary Kidney: Case Presentation
Authors: An Xuanqi , Jiang Xiongjing , Dong Hui , Peng Meng , Zou Yubao , Song Lei , Guan Ting , Zhou Xianliang , Yang Yuejin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory arterial disease, commonly involving the renal arteries. Here we report a case of a 16‐year‐old Chinese male who was found to have severe hypertension with proteinuria for 2 years. Computed tomography showed absence of the left kidney and enlargement of the right kidney. Subsequent angiography confirmed the above findings and revealed narrowing of both the upper and lower branches of the right renal artery caused by FMD. These combined lesions are very rare, and individuals affected are at increased risk of renal dysfunction if left untreated. Treatment with percutaneous balloon angioplasty is the first choice in such a patient and usually results in optimal outcomes.
E‐64c‐Hydrazide: A Lead Structure for the Development of Irreversible Cathepsin C Inhibitors
Authors: Radzey Hanna , Rethmeier Markus , Klimpel Dennis , Grundhuber Maresa , Sommerhoff Christian P. , Schaschke Norbert 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCathepsin C is a papain‐like cysteine protease with dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity that is thought to activate various granule‐associated serine proteases. Its exopeptidase activity is structurally explained by the so‐called exclusion domain, which blocks the active‐site cleft beyond the S2 site and, with its Asp 1 residue, provides an anchoring point for the N terminus of peptide and protein substrates. Here, the hydrazide of (2S,3S)‐trans‐epoxysuccinyl‐L‐leucylamido‐3‐methylbutane (E‐64c) (k2/Ki=140±5 M−1 s−1) is demonstrated to be a lead structure for the development of irreversible cathepsin C inhibitors. The distal amino group of the hydrazide moiety addresses the acidic Asp 1 residue at the entrance of the S2 pocket by hydrogen bonding while also occupying the flat hydrophobic S1′–S2′ area with its leucine‐isoamylamide moiety. Furthermore, structure–activity relationship studies revealed that functionalization of this distal amino group with alkyl residues can be used to occupy the conserved hydrophobic S2 pocket. In particular, the n‐butyl derivative was identified as the most potent inhibitor of the series (k2/Ki=56 000±1700 M−1 s−1).
Ferric Phosphate Hydroxide Microcrystals for Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalysts
Authors: Wang XiaoJin , Pang Huan , Zhao Shanshan , Shao Weifang , Yan Bo , Li Xinran , Li Sujuan , Chen Jing , Du Weimin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFe4(OH)3(PO4)3 microcrystals are successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. Due to a possible self‐etching mechanism, different morphologies of Fe4(OH)3(PO4)3 microcrystals are obtained. Several reactions with different temperatures and times are performed to confirm the supposed self‐etching mechanism. Moreover, as a result of their different micro/nanostructures, these microcrystals present different photocatalytic activities for visible‐light‐driven photodegragadation of methylene blue.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction of Pyruvic Aldehyde Dimethyl Acetal with Isatin Derivatives
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Chimni Swapandeep Singh 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCinchona‐derived primary amine catalysts in combination with a trichloroacetic acid (TCA) additive catalysed the aldol reaction of pyruvic aldehyde dimethyl acetal with isatins in highly enantioselective manner. Both enantiomers of 3‐substituted 3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles were obtained using pseudo‐enantiomeric organocatalysts. Mild reaction conditions, excellent stereocontrol, the accessibility of both enantiomers of the 3‐substituted 3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindole products, and the additional functionality (masked aldehyde) that may be used for the further elaboration of the products, are important features of the catalytic protocol.
Diarylated Ethanones from Mo(CO)6‐Mediated and Microwave‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalysed Carbonylative Negishi Cross‐Couplings
Authors: Motwani Hitesh V. , Larhed Mats 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo protocols for palladium‐catalysed carbonylative Negishi cross‐couplings were developed for aryl iodides and aryl bromides. The two main breakthroughs were that molybdenum hexacarbonyl [Mo(CO)6] could be used as a solid in situ source of CO, and that controlled microwave irraditaion could be used for heating. Consequently, the reactions were safe (in contrast to when CO gas was used) and fast (in comparison to when conventional heating was used). The carbonylative cross‐coupling reactions were carried out using commercially available benzylzinc bromide in closed vials (90–120 °C for 0.5–1 h) to give a set of diarylated ethanones, a common pharmacophore found in several pharmaceuticals, in moderate to high isolated yields (47–84 %). The mild three‐component carbonylation protocol presented here is operationally simple, safe, and rapid, and the formation of the carbonylative Negishi cross‐coupling product is favoured over the product of Negishi cross‐coupling.
The Bow and Arrow in Northern North America
Authors: Maschner Herbert , Mason Owen K. 
Published: June 2013

There were at least four waves of bow and arrow use in northern North America. These occurred at 12000, 4500, 2400, and after about 1300 years ago. But to understand the role of the bow and arrow in the north, one must begin in the eighteenth century, when the Russians first arrived in the Aleutian Islands. At that time, the Aleut were using both the atlatl and dart and the bow and arrow (Fig. ). This is significant for two particular and important reasons. First, there are few historic cases in which both technologies were used concurrently; second, the bow and arrow in the Aleutian Islands were used almost exclusively in warfare. The atlatl was a critical technology because the bow and arrow are useless for hunting sea mammals. One cannot launch an arrow from a kayak because it is too unstable and requires that both hands remain on a paddle. To use an atlatl, it is necessary only to stabilize the kayak with a paddle on one side and launch the atlatl dart with the opposite hand. The Aleut on the Alaska Peninsula did indeed use the bow and arrow to hunt caribou there. However, in the 1,400 km of the Aleutian Islands, there are no terrestrial mammals except humans and the bow was reserved almost exclusively for conflicts among them. The most significant event in the history of the bow and arrow is not its early introduction, but rather the Asian War Complex 1300 years ago, when the recurve and backed bows first entered the region, altering regional and hemispheric political dynamics forever.Aleut male as shown in Liapunova Figure 2, remastered and edited by Maschner. A) Atlatl and darts, B) the recurved bow, C) armor, and D) shield. Drawing by M. C. Levashov, 1764–1769, original in the Central State Archives of the Navy, Russia.image