bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of Compressed Natural Gas Marine Transportation with Composite-Material Containers
Authors: Nikolaou Michael , Wang Xiuli , Economides Michael J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Marine transportation of natural gas is critical for its monetization. Pipelines and liquefied natural gas (LNG) are the established technologies for offshore natural gas transportation, with compressed natural gas (CNG) recently proposed as an economically preferable alternative under certain conditions.
In previous work, we have delineated areas in a transportation-distance/gas-volume diagram, where each of the three transportation means mentioned above is economically most attractive. In general, once offshore pipelines are excluded because of water depth and sea-floor terrain limitations, CNG transportation is considered attractive compared to LNG for relatively small volumes and short distances. Until recently, the preferred material for proposed CNG containers has been metal, for reasons of simplicity, robustness, and development cost. However, metal CNG containers have a number of disadvantages, the most obvious of which is that the container itself may be several times heavier than the contained gas, and, consequently, such gas may be only a small fraction of the cargo carried by a loaded CNG ship.
Composite containers are an alternative to metal, with a number of advantages. First, composites are significantly lighter than metal. Second, composite containers can reach considerably higher containment pressures (hence capacity), while still maintaining lower weight compared to metal. Finally, composite containers are much less prone to corrosion, and as a result can contain gas that has not been fully treated. These facts make composite containers an attractive proposition and greatly increase the overall attractiveness of using CNG to monetize stranded gas.
We present here a thorough study using both metal and composite containers and optimized operating conditions, such as pressure and temperature, to explore the applicability of CNG for marine stranded gas transportation. A new map of the economic attractiveness of LNG and CNG as a function of transportation distance and gas volume is presented, showing a considerably expanded area of CNG preference over LNG.
Sand Control and Gas Well Production Optimisation in a Multilayer Reservoir Gas Field
Authors: Sukotrihadiyono Tejo , Malau Aldani , Ganes Sugi P , Aliefiyan Nursanda M 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Lagan field was discovered in 1988 and is located in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Lagan is a gas field that consists of 30 wells and produces from 7 different sand layers with three faults. Along with reservoir pressure depletion, the pressure system was reduced as a strategy to maintain the gas production. In 2009, it was discovered that sand was being produced and was eroding surface control equipment during system conversion from medium pressure to low pressure.
Due to limited core data, the initial challenge for conducting a sand control study was to identify which wells and which layers were producing the sand. To resolve this problem, four wellhead de-sanders were installed at four different wells, all of which produced from different sand layers. The next challenge was to find and apply a suitable sand control method by considering the urgent need to accelerate the application of sand control, limited well accessibility and rig mobility due to field location and road conditions, cost and application effectiveness. Wellhead de-sander was eventually selected as the most suitable sand control method for this field. The design and fabrication of the wellhead de-sander were completely in-house and were continuously improved to enhance the quality and quantity of sand trapping.
After one year’s application, the wellhead de-sander has proven its effectiveness by reducing the amount of sand carried out to the station, decreasing production separator downtime, and eliminating surface control equipment failure cases. Until now twelve wellhead de-sanders have been installed in Lagan field to increase gas production reliability, with a total cost saving of up to USD 648.000. This paper elaborates on the road map for the sand control study and its application in a multi- layered reservoir gas field with limited subsurface data, explains how well-modeling was used to estimate the strength of sand consolidation, and describes the step by step process for optimising wellhead de-sander design.
Drill-Cuttings Analysis for Real-Time Problem Diagnosis and Drilling Performance Optimization
Authors: Karimi Moji 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Drill cuttings have always been used to gather data from subsurface formations. Since the onset of the drilling industry, mud loggers have used cuttings to plot the lithology column. Reservoir drill cuttings have also been used to further understand formation properties, such as porosity and permeability. In addition, cuttings have been the subject of waste management research for years. Cuttings analysis is an important aspect of real-time drilling operations and the correct sampling, measurement, and interpretation of cuttings help prevent problems and improve drilling performance. The first part of this study describes the sampling and measurement of drill cuttings, while the second examines data interpretation.
Historically, cuttings analysis has been done by the solid control crew to enhance solids-removal efficiency and by mud loggers to obtain subsurface data. Although these two groups communicate their analyses with the drilling engineer, current visual inspection and sampling procedures provide information that is potentially unreliable for real-time drilling decisions. Cuttings affect drilling fluid properties, annular-pressure losses, hole cleaning, wellbore stability/integrity, penetration rate and many other drilling considerations. Cuttings properties such as particle-size distribution, volume, shape, etc., can reveal the start of a drilling problem or offer justifications for decisions to improve performance. Reliable measures must be in place for taking accurate samples and reporting related properties to enable the drilling engineer to make meaningful correlations. This study intends to provide guidelines on sampling and measurement methodology for the benefit of drilling engineers.
With recent advancements and the introduction of real-time particle-size distribution and Coriolis in-line flowmeters, new data sources are available. These tools provide plenty of valuable information, but decisions need to be made about where, when, and how to take samples for reliable output data. Particles mixed with cuttings that are not generated by bit action, e.g., cavings and mud additives, also need to be accounted for and differentiated while sampling and measuring cuttings. There are correlations between drilling problems and cuttings properties; however, if detected early, these problems can be prevented to enhance drilling performance. Early detection is contingent upon a reliable sampling method, which represents the annular cuttings, interacting with the formation. Thus, a procedure is proposed for proper sampling and measurement of cuttings.
Coalbed Methane Productivity Measurement with a Wireline Formation Tester Dual Packer
Authors: Cholid Mas , Paolo Mengoni , Suriyanto Olivia , Weatherall Glyn 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Coalbed methane (CBM) plays usually consist of multiple zones with geologic variability within the areal extent of the play. One of the key indicators of well productivity potential is permeability, which is highly variable zone by zone and area by area. Permeability is also important for understanding gas in place (GIP) and production variability, designing the completion, optimizing well spacing, and diagnosing production problems. Numerous tests may be required to develop a statistically valid permeability data set. The longer rig time and lower-than-expected success ratio of conventional tests are considered the main obstacles in obtaining such a data set.
The wireline-conveyed formation tester (WFT) used with a dual packer provides measurements of the permeability, skin, pressure, fracture flow regime, reservoir heterogeneity, and state of saturation of the coal seam through drawdown and buildup. Compared with conventional testing, improved operational efficiency is achieved through more efficient wireline conveyance, improved packer isolation, reduced wellbore storage, ability to conduct downhole fluid analysis, precise downhole rate control, and surface readout and real-time data monitoring and interpretation for informed decisions.
Measurement in the openhole conditions allows operational flexibility. The packers are typically set in the bounding shale or sand. To accommodate a multilayer coal seam with varying thickness and typical washout in the bounding shale, several wireline trips may be required to change the tool configuration and distance between the packers at surface. Previously run openhole logs such as dual-axis caliper, acoustic/resistivity borehole imaging, advance dipole sonic, and 3D induction resistivity are used for the coal seam selection and packer positioning.
Conducting a WFT productivity test in a low-permeability coal seam provides atypical challenges from conventional oil and gas applications. The method was tested using field data and pressure transient analysis from six CBM wells in eastern and central Kalimantan of Indonesia.
Step Change Technology Amplifies Vertical Force Applied to Formation at the Bit Enhancing Cutting Efficiency
Authors: Herrington D. , Barton S. P. , Powell S. W. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Drilling efficiency is a key factor in determining the viability of potential hydrocarbon plays throughout the world. Pushing our capabilities for speed and accuracy changes the evaluation of value that not only operators place on emerging and potential plays, but also the evaluation that countries place on the value of their available natural resources. Fundamental drilling challenges such as formation hardness, reactive torque, tortuosity, and abrasive formation types continue to inhibit our ability to seek out less conventional reserves.
Reaching our targets faster and at a reduced overall cost allows us to expand the breadth of viable drilling opportunities in all regions while accessing additional value previously out of reach in existing plays. Today we are pushing current technology to the threshold of its capabilities with longer laterals and deeper targets in more complex well profiles. Without a step change in technology, we are nearing our maximum potential.
A simple yet revolutionary technology has added new life to existing drilling technologies and is now addressing some of the fundamental drilling dynamics that currently limit our drilling efficiency and restrict our ability to reach for the next level of performance. This technology works in conjunction with existing drilling systems to amplify the vertical forces applied to the bit. By varying this amplification at specific frequencies, more efficient failing of the formation can be achieved. Increased ROP well above 50% has been achieved with consistent results over offset data with reduction in reactive torque and stick slip events.
This paper details how by increasing cutting efficiency, a major operator has greatly extended bit life resulting in an increase in interval drilled lengths of as much as 125%.
A Case Study: Steamflooding to Enhance Recovery of a Waterflooded Light-Oil Reservoir
Authors: Shuhong Wu , Yu Qian , Dehuang Shen , Zhongyi Zhang , Xin Zhao , Qiaoyun Li , Hailong Liu 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Steamflooding in heavy-oil sands is well documented as a mature technology, and while steam has been injected into light-oil low-permeability sands for almost as long, the mechanisms and effectiveness of this process are much less understood because of flow complexities in these sands and complexities of high-pressure steam injection. The full-length paper details the examination of thermal recovery in such a reservoir by use of physical and numerical simulations.
Steamflooding can improve upon performance of a waterflooded light-oil reservoir and enhance its oil recovery. The mechanisms such as wettability alteration, interfacial tension, and threshold-pressure-gradient decline contribute to higher oil displacement and sweep efficiency. Vaporization, viscosity reduction, thermal expansion, and relative permeability variation account for more than three-fourths of the incremental recovery in steamflooding.
The steamflooded light-oil reservoir in this paper is a low-permeability reservoir with a high wax content and high oil viscosity around 50 mPa.s. It underwent more than 10 years of waterflooding with only 10% of the original oil in place (OOIP) recovered from the reservoir. Challenges faced in this complex project were related to the heterogeneous nature of the reservoir, limited sand continuity, unfavorable mobility for the ongoing waterflooding, associated high threshold-pressure gradient, and poor injection response. The steamflooding was carried out to enhance oil recovery after waterflooding.
The paper discusses the mechanisms, strategies, barriers, and difficulties of reaching high recovery for steamflooding in a waterflooded light-oil low-permeability reservoir. A detailed reservoir-engineering study focused on the development method, the injection and production system, and the physical and numerical simulation.
Development Strategy for Thin Limestone Reservoir- A Case Study of AD Oilfield in Iraq
Authors: Limin Zhao , Qiliang Bo , Dandan Hu , Rui Guo , Mignsheng Feng , Jun Wang 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Development strategy is the key issue and the lifeline for the short-term and long-term production of oilfields. It directly entails the success or unsuccess on the oilfield projects. So it is extremely essential to make the accurate development strategy, especially for an unproduced oilfield. AD oilfield, located in the southeast of Iraq, was discovered in late 1970’s and has been re-activated since 2009. The major target reservoir is Cretaceous Khasib II carbonates and this layered reservoir is distributed in the full field with an average thickness of 20m. The appropriate development strategy is the first priority to formulate for AD oilfield to ensure high oil productivity and long plateau duration.
In this paper, studies on the development strategy of Khasib II carbonates are elaborated. Individual well productivities before and after stimulation were analyzed and the average productivity was estimated for future development wells. The sensitivity studies of well types, well patterns and well spacings were carried out through sector model. Water injection feasibility and water injection timing were evaluated. Field development scenarios were described for Khasib II through full field modelling. Recommendations for the optimal development plan are made which indicates that the ultimate recovery factor is estimated to be 35% by water flooding. AD oilfield was put on production in June, 2011. The implementation of development strategies shows the good match between the actual and the predicted production indices.
Influences of Timeline and Perceived Strategy Effectiveness on Balanced Scorecard Performance Evaluation Judgments
Authors: Johnson Eric N. , Reckers Philip M. J. , Bartlett Geoffrey D. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
This study examines evaluator ratings of subordinate performance in implementing a new corporate strategy in a Balanced Scorecard environment. We focus on two factors predicted to influence strategic performance judgments: (1) the presence or absence of an explicit timeline for strategy implementation, and (2) the evaluator's perceptions of the effectiveness of the new strategy. One hundred eleven M.B.A. students averaging over eight years of work experience participated in the study. Consistent with predictions, we find that (1) absence of an implementation timeline was associated with fixation on lagging financial performance measures outside of the subordinate's time span of control, and (2) evaluator perceptions of the strategy's effectiveness were positively associated with evaluations of strategy-congruent performance. These results extend prior research by highlighting the importance of the time dimension and perceptions of strategy effectiveness in performance judgments. Implications for future research in strategic performance evaluation are discussed.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
The Effect of Light-curing Access and Different Resin Cements on Apical Bond Strength of Fiber Posts
Authors: Daleprane B , Nemesio de Barros Pereira C , Oréfice RL , Bueno AC , Vaz RR , Moreira AN , Magalhães CS 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARY

Purpose
This study evaluated the effect of light-curing access on the bond strength of fiber glass posts to the apical area of bovine roots using self-adhesive cement or dual-cured cement with an etch-and-rinse adhesive system.

Materials and Methods
The root canals of 60 bovine teeth were endodontically treated and filled. A 15-mm-length post space was prepared and roots were randomly divided into three groups, simulating the levels of light-curing access: coronal (C), with 15-mm post space; middle (M), in which the coronal thirds of roots were cut out, leaving a 10-mm post space; and apical (A), in which the coronal and middle thirds of roots were cut out, leaving a 5-mm post space. Fiber glass posts (Reforpost # 3, Angelus) were cemented with RelyX U100 (3M ESPE) or RelyX ARC/Scotchbond Multi Purpose Plus (SBMP) (3M ESPE) (n=10) and light-cured. After 24 hours, the apical thirds of roots were sectioned perpendicularly to the long axis and submitted to a push-out test (0.5 mm/min, 200 N). The Kruskal-Wallis test compared the three levels of light-curing access, and the Mann-Whitney test compared the cements.

Results
The bond strength was significantly higher in the groups C (p=0.028) and M (p=0.016) when U100 was used, whereas it was similar for both cements in group A. The bond strengths of posts cemented with ARC/SBMP were significantly higher in group A compared to group C (p=0.031).

Conclusions
The type of cement used and the light-curing access level influenced the bond strength between glass fiber posts and root canals. The bond strength of the RelyX ARC/SBMP cement proved to be more dependent on photoactivation than was the RelyX U100 cement. The light-curing access level did not influence the apical bond strength of RelyX U100.
Bounds on Capital Requirements For Bivariate Risk
with Given Marginals and Partial Information on the
Dependence
Authors: Bernard Carole , Liu Yuntao , MacGillivray Niall , Zhang Jinyuan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Nelsen et al. [20] find bounds for bivariate distribution functions when there are constraints on the values of its quartiles. Tankov [25] generalizes this work by giving explicit expressions
for the best upper and lower bounds for a bivariate
copula when its values on a compact subset of [0; 1]2
are known. He shows that they are quasi-copulas and not
necessarily copulas. Tankov [25] and Bernard et al. [3] both
give sufficient conditions for these bounds to be copulas. In
this note we give weaker sufficient conditions to ensure that
both bounds are simultaneously copulas. Furthermore, we
develop a novel application to quantitative risk management
by computing bounds on a bivariate risk measure. This can
be useful in optimal portfolio selection, in reinsurance, in pricing
bivariate derivatives or in determining capital requirements
when only partial information on dependence is available.
Measurement of the patellar tendon-tibial plateau angle and tuberosity advancement in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture
Authors: Bismuth C. , Labrunie A. , Marin B. , Filleur A. , Pillard P. , Sonet J. , Cachon T. , Etchepareborde S. , Millet M. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryObjectives: To (i) compare agreement of the common tangent (CT) and tibial plateau angle (TP) methods in terms of measuring the patellar tendon angle (PTA) and required advancement and (ii) determine the intraand inter-observer reliability of observers who measured PTA and the advancement.Methods: Six observers were divided into three groups based on their level of experience. They measured the PTA and the required advancement on 43 radiographic images of the tibiae of dogs affected by cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Each observer repeated the measurements three times with each method. The inter-technique (interT), intra-observer (intraO), and interobserver (interO) reliabilities were evaluated, assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and represented by Jones plots.Results: The agreement between PTA-CT and PTA-TP was low (the ICC interT values ranged from 0.11 to 0.4). The PTA-CT was associated with moderate intra-observer reliability (ICC intraO, CT = 0.61) and poor interobserver reliability (ICC interO, CT = 0.33). The PTA-TP was associated with good intra-observer reliability (ICC intraO, TP = 0.75) and moderate interobserver reliability (ICC interO, TP = 0.59). Interobserver reliability did not depend on the level of experience. The advancement measurements were associated with reliability results similar to those obtained for PTA. Jones’ plots showed that the CT method consistently yielded lower PTA and advancement values than the TP method.Conclusion: Given its poor reliability, the CT method is not recommended.
Utility and Applications of Orthotopic Models of Human Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) for the Evaluation of Novel and Emerging Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Justilien Verline , Fields Alan P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Despite advances in chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery, lung cancer continues to have a low 5‐year survival rate, highlighting a dire need for more effective means of prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Mouse models that recapitulate the clinical features of advanced human lung cancer are critical for testing novel therapeutic approaches. This unit describes a highly reproducible, easy‐to‐establish orthotopic murine model of lung cancer, provides methods for in vivo imaging and monitoring of tumor growth, and discusses the usefulness of this model for translational lung cancer research and the development of therapeutic strategies. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 62:14.27.1‐14.27.17. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of plume‐scale versus grid‐scale treatment of aircraft exhaust photochemistry
Authors: Cameron Mary A. , Jacobson Mark Z. , Naiman Alexander D. , Lele Sanjiva K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis is a study to examine the impact of modeling photochemistry from aircraft emissions in an expanding plume versus at the grid scale in an atmospheric model. Differences in model treatments for a single flight occurred at all altitudes during takeoff, cruise, and landing. After 10 h, the plume treatment decreased grid‐scale ozone production by 33%, methane destruction by 30%, and carbon monoxide destruction by 32% at cruise altitude compared with the grid‐scale treatment. The plume treatment changed the odd nitrogen partitioning by ~10%. For multiple overlapping flights at cruise altitude, final ozone, methane, and carbon monoxide perturbations decreased by 77, 68, and 74%, respectively, compared with the grid‐scale treatment. Enhanced mixing with ambient air reduced the plume‐scale and grid‐scale differences. The persistent differences in photochemical activity indicate that individual plume treatment should be incorporated into 3‐D modeling studies.