bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to screen for plasticisers in gaskets used in contact with foods
Authors: Driffield Malcolm , Bradley Emma , Castle Laurence , Lloyd Antony , Parmar Mita , Speck Dennis , Roberts Dominic , Stead Sara 
Published: October 2015

RationalePlasticisers are used in the PVC gaskets of metal closures on glass jars and bottles used for foods and beverages. They may migrate and so contaminate the packed foodstuff. The plasticisers are present in a high proportion and are often a complex mixture of substances leading to time‐consuming analytical methodologies. This work describes a rapid screening method to identify the plasticisers used.MethodsAnalysis was carried out by direct sampling of the gaskets using atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe (ASAP) with time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) using a SYNAPT G2 HDMS system. The accurate mass information collected was then compared to a user‐prepared database of plasticisers to aid identification.ResultsThe rapid identification approach was shown to be successful for 24 gasket samples previously analysed by alternative more lengthy gas chromatographic (GC) methods. Quantification by dissolution followed by standard addition was also demonstrated to be reliable.ConclusionsThe ASAP‐TOFMS method is a useful technique for rapidly screening gaskets for the presence of plasticisers. It can be used to identify specific gaskets deserving of further quantitative analysis by chromatographic methods, saving time and money by avoiding unnecessary analyses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating the Impact of Cover Degradation on RCRA Landfill Performance
Authors: Worthy Roneisha W. , Clarke James H. , Abkowitz Mark D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe ability of near‐surface disposal facility cover designs to meet percolation performance criteria is influenced by degradation occurring over long periods of time. This study was conducted to determine the effect of degradation on percolation based on probabilistic distributions derived from historical climate data. Water‐balance predictions were evaluated using the HELP model, employing several variations of degradation in a traditional Resource Conservation and Recovery Act disposal facility cover design over a 100‐year simulation period. Analysis results were evaluated relative to two different selected thresholds for annual percolation (1 mm and 3 mm). Approximately 20 percent of the results did not exceed both the 1‐mm and 3‐mm thresholds, while 10 percent of the realizations exceeded the 1‐mm threshold but not the 3‐mm threshold, with remaining cases exceeding the 3‐mm threshold. These results demonstrate the importance of considering degradation in designing near‐surface disposal facilities, especially given the very long performance periods desired by different regulators. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence‐based practice in sonography – the basics
Authors: Milanese Steven , Grimmer Karen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based practice (EBP) has become increasingly popular as a framework for facilitating clinical decision‐making across all health and medical professions.AimsThis paper is the first of two papers exploring EBP for sonographers and presents a general framework of the EBP philosophy.ConclusionThe EBP provides a framework to maximise the quality and safety of patient care and ensures that clinicians are well‐informed consumers of the evidence.
Stress analysis in mitre bends embedded in rock – new derivation and extension of existing formulae for use in penstocks
Authors: Lechner Andreas , Krüger Klaus , Greiner Richard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the construction of pressurized conduits for hydropower plants, segmented bends (mitre bends) are widely used where ducts change direction. In practical applications, different approaches are used to consider the effects for exposed mitre bends in structural steel design. However, formulae for mitre bends embedded in rock or concrete for penstocks in underground installations have not been available so far.In view of these restrictions on the calculation of underground mitre bends, the authors have developed analytical formulae for mitre bends embedded in rock by introducing terms for the elastic foundation of the rock mass to extend the classical differential equation for cylindrical shells. These formulae allow the whole local stress state in the bend to be calculated, in particular for the stress concentrations at the intersection of the mitre. The formulae were then validated by comparing them with the results of non‐linear FE analyses.
Penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Kacker Ravi , O'Leary Michael P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractErectile dysfunction remains a common complication after radical prostatectomy. Natural recovery of erectogenic stimulus may take years after nerve‐sparing surgery, during which time the penis undergoes physiological and structural changes that are harmful to erectile function. The goals of penile rehabilitation are to prevent these changes and thereby produce a faster and better return of erections and sexual function. In this article, the authors discuss current approaches to penile rehabilitation after prostatectomy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Complementation analysis reveals a potential role of human ARV1 in GPI anchor biosynthesis
Authors: Ikeda Atsuko , Kajiwara Kentaro , Iwamoto Kunihiko , Makino Asami , Kobayashi Toshihide , Mizuta Keiko , Funato Kouichi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractARV1 is involved in regulating lipid homeostasis but also in the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we examined whether human ARV1 can complement the role of yeast ARV1 in GPI biosynthesis. Overexpression of human ARV1 could rescue the phenotypes associated with GPI anchor synthesis defect in the yeast arv1Δ mutant. The results suggest that Arv1 function in GPI biosynthesis may be conserved in all eukaryotes, from yeast to humans. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructured optical fibre drawing with active channel pressurisation
Authors: Chen Michael J. , Stokes Yvonne M. , Buchak Peter , Crowdy Darren G. , Ebendorff-Heidepriem Heike 
Published: October 2015

The use of channel pressurisation in drawing microstructured optical fibres (MOFs) potentially allows for fine control of the internal structure of the fibre. By applying extra pressure inside the channels it is possible to counteract the effect of surface tension which would otherwise act to close the channels in the fibre as it is drawn. This paper extends the modelling approach of Stokes et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 755, 2014, pp. 176–203) to include channel pressurisation. This approach treats the problem as two submodels for the flow, one in the axial direction along the fibre and another in the plane perpendicular to that direction. In the absence of channel pressurisation these models decoupled and were solved independently; we show that they become fully coupled when the internal channels are pressurised. The fundamental case of a fibre with an annular cross-section (containing one central channel) will be examined in detail. In doing this we consider both a forward problem to determine the shape of fibre from a known preform and an inverse problem to design a preform such that when drawn it will give a desired fibre geometry. Criteria on the pressure corresponding to fibre explosion and closure of the channel will be given that represent an improvement over similar criteria in the literature. A comparison between our model and a recent experiment is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the modelling approach. We make use of some recent work by Buchak et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 778, 2015, pp. 5–38) to examine more complicated fibre geometries, where the cross-sectional shape of the internal channels is assumed to be elliptical and multiple channels are present. The examples presented here demonstrate the versatility of our modelling approach, where the subtleties of the interaction between surface tension and pressurisation can be revealed even for complex patterns of cross-sectional channels.
Twinning Rate in a Southeastern Brazilian Population
Authors: Beiguelman B. , Franchi-Pinto C. , Krieger H. , Magna L.A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe twinning incidence from 1984 to 1993 was investigated in Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil, and the analyzed data were combined with previous series from the same population. This study has shown that the mean annual incidences and the standard deviations for DZ, MZ and DZ plus MZ twins for the period of 1984 to 1993 are estimated respectively as 4.7 ± 0.92, 4.1 ± 1.11, and 8.8 ± 0.87 per 1,000. In the same period the mean annual incidence of triplets was 0.15 ± 0.16. It was also shown that the incidence of DZ twins is steadily decreasing since 1925, while the incidence of MZ pairs, after a period of decline is increasing since the sixties, due perhaps to the widespread use of oral contraceptives. Concerning the twinning rate as a whole, it has been shown that its declining trend has disappeared over the last few years.
Genetic variability in the natural populations ofLasioderma serricorne(F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), detected by RAPD markers and by esterase isozymes
Authors: Coelho-Bortolo T. , Mangolin C.A. , Lapenta A.S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLasioderma serricorne(F.) is a small cosmopolitan beetle regarded as a destructive pest of several stored products such as grains, flour, spices, dried fruit and tobacco. Chemical insecticides are one of the measures used against the pest. However, intensive insecticide use has resulted in the appearance of resistant insect populations. Therefore, for the elaboration of more effective control programs, it is necessary to know the biological aspects ofL. serricorne.Among these aspects, the genetic variability knowledge is very important and may help in the development of new control methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of 11 natural populations ofL. serricornecollected respectively in three and four towns in the states of Paraná and São Paulo, Brazil, using 20 primers random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and polymorphisms of esterases. These primers produced 352 polymorphic bands. Electrophoretic analysis of esterases allowed the identification of four polymorphic loci (Est-2, Est-4, Est-5andEst-6) and 18 alleles. Results show that populations are genetically differentiated and there is a high level of genetic variability within populations. The high degree of genetic differentiation is not directly correlated to geographical distance. Thus, our data indicate that movement of infested commodities may contribute to the dissemination ofL. serricorne, facilitating gene flow.
Carcass composition and eating quality of meat in ram and ewe lambs
Authors: Butler-Hogg B. W. 
Published: October 2015

Improving the efficiency of lean meat production is a major objective of producers. With cattle and, particularly, pigs, this has resulted in an increase in the use of entire male animals but not apparently so in the sheep sector, despite similar advantages. Ram lambs have traditionally been castrated for ease of management, particularly when they are ‘stored’ during winter. However, in early maturing breeds which can be finished off grass, considerable advantages may be gained from leaving ram lambs intact.In a trial which examined growth, composition and the eating quality of meat in 15 rams and 15 ewes of the Dorset Down breed (noted for early maturity), there were clear advantages in favour of the rams. In particular, ram lambs grew 28g/day faster on average than ewes, taking 2 weeks less to achieve 35 kg live weight. At the mean carcass weight of 16.8 kg, rams contained more lean (42 g) and bone (20 g) per kg carcass weight but less subcutaneous fat (33 g), intermuscular fat (28 g) and KKCF (kidney knob and channel fat) (13 g).
Microhabitat availability and seedling recruitment ofLobelia urens: a rare plant species at its geographical limit
Authors: Dinsdale J.M. , Dale M.P. , Kent M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn Britain,Lobelia urens(L.) (the heath lobelia) occurs in rough grassland, is rare and only found in southern England, where it is at the northern limit of its range. Emergence and survival ofL. urenswas investigated at six locations in two geographically distinct sites experiencing spring, autumn or no grazing in two consecutive years. Four factors were evaluated qualitatively, as a means of characterizing microhabitats for germination and survival: all permutations of higher plant cover, bryophytes, plant litter and surface depressions. The potential effect of adjacent plants on recruitment was also assessed using the nearest neighbour distance (NND). Grazing created depressions, removed plant litter and increased the proportion of sites with higher plant cover. It also resulted in a more open sward with higher NNDs. None of these changes stimulated recruitment. Instead, small increases in the frequency of some rare or very rare microhabitat types were vital in making grazed rough grassland more suitable for emergence. Reduced litter loads and a greater quantity of moss were two key responses. Overall, survival ofL. urenswas less than 1% and was particularly favoured by moss and an increase in NNDs. Shading from higher plants, with or without plant litter, decreased emergence, but the precise role of litter was complex and most probably related to its quantity. In an experimental seed bed, only empty depressions favoured emergence. The microhabitat relationships ofL. urenswere unusually consistent among locations and consecutive years.L. urensrequires high soil surface temperatures but also adequate water for large scale recruitment, and such conditions are encouraged by grazing. The particular problems of experimental design and statistical analysis of data from recruitment experiments are also discussed.
Un caso di destrocardia con Situs Viscerum Inversus Totalis concordante in coppia di gemelle DZ
Authors: W. Bondavalli , G. Bondavalli , G. La Bella , A. Nizzoli 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYThe authors describe a case of « situs viscerum inversus totalis » in two DZ twin-sisters.They debate, on the basis of the elements in their possession, whether they have to do with DZ or MZ twin-sisters, and declare in favour of the former hypothesis. Accordingly, this is the fifth case described of such anomaly in twins, after the cases of Reinhardt, Pezzi and Carugati, Boccia and Maglione, Kean, and it is the first case in DZ twins.The authors think the case described will contribute in winning for DZ twinship an acknowledgement of real twinship, according to Gedda's statements.
A survey of graphs in natural language processing
Authors: NASTASE VIVI , MIHALCEA RADA , RADEV DRAGOMIR R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGraphs are a powerful representation formalism that can be applied to a variety of aspects related to language processing. We provide an overview of how Natural Language Processing problems have been projected into the graph framework, focusing in particular on graph construction – a crucial step in modeling the data to emphasize the phenomena targeted.
Parental relationships beyond the grave: Adolescents' descriptions of continued bonds
Authors: Hansen Dana M. , Sheehan Denice K. , Stephenson Pamela S. , Mayo M. Murray 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjective:Many people experience an ongoing relationship with a deceased loved one. This is called a “continued bond.” However, little is known about the adolescent experience with continued bonds once a parent has died. This study describes three ways that adolescents continue their relationship with a parent after that parent's death.Method:Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with nine adolescent children of deceased hospice patients from a large hospice in northeastern Ohio as part of a larger grounded-theory study. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a conventional content analysis approach.Results:Adolescents continued their bonds with deceased parents in one of three ways: experiencing encounters with the deceased parent, listening to the inner guide of the parent, and keeping mementos to remind them of the parent.Significance of results:The ways that the adolescents continued their bond with a deceased parent assisted them in creating meaning out of their loss and adjusting to life without that parent. Our results can be used by health professionals and parents to help adolescents after a parent has died.
Election 2008
Authors: Spilhaus Fred 
Published: October 2015

This special edition of Eos focuses on the individuals you will choose to lead the Union over the next 2–6 years. The candidates are featured in this issue. You will also find information on their responsibilities. What I want to emphasize is your opportunity to contribute to this process.Elections in scientific and engineering societies often are decided by only 10–20% of the members. AGU's elections have had similar participation. It's time to change that.
Topologically protected surface states in a centrosymmetric superconductor β-PdBi2
Authors: Sakano M. , Okawa K. , Kanou M. , Sanjo H. , Okuda T. , Sasagawa T. , Ishizaka K 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe topological aspects of electrons in solids can emerge in real materials, as represented by topological insulators. In theory, they show a variety of new magneto-electric phenomena, and especially the ones hosting superconductivity are strongly desired as candidates for topological superconductors. While efforts have been made to develop possible topological superconductors by introducing carriers into topological insulators, those exhibiting indisputable superconductivity free from inhomogeneity are very few. Here we report on the observation of topologically protected surface states in a centrosymmetric layered superconductor, β-PdBi2, by utilizing spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Besides the bulk bands, several surface bands are clearly observed with symmetrically allowed in-plane spin polarizations, some of which crossing the Fermi level. These surface states are precisely evaluated to be topological, based on the Z2 invariant analysis in analogy to three-dimensional strong topological insulators. β-PdBi2 may offer a solid stage to investigate the topological aspect in the superconducting condensate.
The onset of faba bean farming in the Southern Levant
Authors: Caracuta Valentina , Barzilai Omry , Khalaily Hamudi , Milevski Ianir , Paz Yitzhak , Vardi Jacob , Regev Lior , Boaretto Elisabetta 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEven though the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is among the most ubiquitously cultivated crops, very little is known about its origins. Here, we report discoveries of charred faba beans from three adjacent Neolithic sites in the lower Galilee region, in the southern Levant, that offer new insights into the early history of this species. Biometric measurements, radiocarbon dating and stable carbon isotope analyses of the archaeological remains, supported by experiments on modern material, date the earliest farming of this crop to ~10,200 cal BP. The large quantity of faba beans found in these adjacent sites indicates intensive production of faba beans in the region that can only have been achieved by planting non-dormant seeds. Selection of mutant-non-dormant stock suggests that the domestication of the crop occurred as early as the 11th millennium cal BP. Plant domestication| Vicia faba L.| Pre-Pottery Neolithic B| radiocarbon dating| Δ13C analysis.
Cyanobacterial Alkanes Modulate Photosynthetic Cyclic Electron Flow to Assist Growth under Cold Stress
Authors: Berla Bertram M. , Saha Rajib , Maranas Costas D. , Pakrasi Himadri B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAll cyanobacterial membranes contain diesel-range C15-C19 hydrocarbons at concentrations similar to chlorophyll. Recently, two universal but mutually exclusive hydrocarbon production pathways in cyanobacteria were discovered. We engineered a mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 that produces no alkanes, which grew poorly at low temperatures. We analyzed this defect by assessing the redox kinetics of PSI. The mutant exhibited enhanced cyclic electron flow (CEF), especially at low temperature. CEF raises the ATP:NADPH ratio from photosynthesis and balances reductant requirements of biosynthesis with maintaining the redox poise of the electron transport chain. We conducted in silico flux balance analysis and showed that growth rate reaches a distinct maximum for an intermediate value of CEF equivalent to recycling 1 electron in 4 from PSI to the plastoquinone pool. Based on this analysis, we conclude that the lack of membrane alkanes causes higher CEF, perhaps for maintenance of redox poise. In turn, increased CEF reduces growth by forcing the cell to use less energy-efficient pathways, lowering the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis. This study highlights the unique and universal role of medium-chain hydrocarbons in cyanobacterial thylakoid membranes: they regulate redox balance and reductant partitioning in these oxygenic photosynthetic cells under stress.
Association of Renal Function and Menopausal Status with Bone Mineral Density in Middle-aged Women
Authors: Sheng Yueh-Hsuan , Chen Jen-Hau , Chiou Jeng-Min , Tsai Keh-Sung , Lee Yue-Yuan , Tsao Chwen-Keng , Chen Yen-Ching 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe association between mild renal dysfunction and bone mineral density (BMD) has not been fully explored. It is also unclear how menopausal status and the use of Chinese herb affect this association. This is a cross-sectional study that included a total of 1,419 women aged 40 to 55 years old who were recruited from the MJ Health Management Institution in Taiwan between 2009 and 2010. Spinal BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Renal function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and creatinine clearance rate (CCr). The multivariable logistic regression and general linear models were employed to assess the association between renal function and BMD. Stratification analyses were performed by menopausal status and use of Chinese herbs. Low CCr levels were significantly associated with low BMD [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15–1.90]. This association was observed in premenopausal women (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.07–1.92) and in women not taking Chinese herbs (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.14–1.94). CCr is a better predictor for low BMD in middle-aged women. Menopausal status and the use of Chinese herbs also affected this association.
Imaging of current density distributions with a Nb weak-link scanning nano-SQUID microscope
Authors: Shibata Yusuke , Nomura Shintaro , Kashiwaya Hiromi , Kashiwaya Satoshi , Ishiguro Ryosuke , Takayanagi Hideaki 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSuperconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are accepted as one of the highest magnetic field sensitive probes. There are increasing demands to image local magnetic fields to explore spin properties and current density distributions in a two-dimensional layer of semiconductors or superconductors. Nano-SQUIDs have recently attracting much interest for high spatial resolution measurements in nanometer-scale samples. Whereas weak-link Dayem Josephson junction nano-SQUIDs are suitable to miniaturization, hysteresis in current-voltage (I-V) characteristics that is often observed in Dayem Josephson junction is not desirable for a scanning microscope. Here we report on our development of a weak-link nano-SQUIDs scanning microscope with small hysteresis in I-V curve and on reconstructions of two-dimensional current density vector in two-dimensional electron gas from measured magnetic field.