bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astrocyte‐dependent protective effect of quetiapine on GABAergic neuron is associated with the prevention of anxiety‐like behaviors in aging mice after long‐term treatment
Authors: Wang Junhui , Zhu Shenghua , Wang Hongxing , He Jue , Zhang Yanbo , Adilijiang Abulimiti , Zhang Handi , Hartle Kelly , Guo Huining , Kong Jiming , Huang Qingjun , Li Xin‐Min 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that quetiapine (QTP) may have neuroprotective properties; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified a novel mechanism by which QTP increased the synthesis of ATP in astrocytes and protected GABAergic neurons from aging‐induced death. In 12‐month‐old mice, QTP significantly improved cell number of GABAegic neurons in the cortex and ameliorated anxiety‐like behaviors compared to control group. Complimentary in vitro studies showed that QTP had no direct effect on the survival of aging GABAergic neurons in culture. Astrocyte‐conditioned medium (ACM) pretreated with QTP (ACMQTP) for 24 h effectively protected GABAergic neurons against aging‐induced spontaneous cell death. It was also found that QTP boosted the synthesis of ATP from cultured astrocytes after 24 h of treatment, which might be responsible for the protective effects on neurons. Consistent with the above findings, a Rhodamine 123 test showed that ACMQTP, not QTP itself, was able to prevent the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in the aging neurons. For the first time, our study has provided evidence that astrocytes may be the conduit through which QTP is able to exert its neuroprotective effects on GABAergic neurons.
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The neuroprotective properties of quetiapine (QTP) have not been fully understood. Here, we identify a novel mechanism by which QTP increases the synthesis of ATP in astrocytes and protects GABAergic neurons from aging‐induced death in a primary cell culture model. In 12‐month‐old mice, QTP significantly improves cell number of GABAegic neurons and ameliorates anxiety‐like behaviors. Our study indicates that astrocytes may be the conduit through which QTP exerts its neuroprotective effects on GABAergic neurons.
Occlusal Rehabilitation of Pseudo‐Class III Patient
Authors: Cardoso Antônio Carlos , Ferreira Cimara Fortes , Oderich Elisa , Pedroso Moira Leão , Wicks Russell 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTo treat a patient with anterior crossbite, the clinician should first assess if it is a genuine class III or a pseudo‐class III malocclusion. Cephalometric analysis is important; however, registering a patient's centric relation (CR) is simple, quick, and costless and can play a decisive role in a differential diagnosis for this type of patient profile. This clinical report depicts a patient clinically diagnosed as class III. After mandible manipulation in CR, it was noted that the patient in question was a pseudo‐class III. The treatment was based on the pseudo‐class III diagnosis. Therefore, the patient was rehabilitated by occlusal adjustments and conventional and implant‐supported prostheses and without the need for invasive orthognathic surgery.
Imperfect Bundling in Public–Private Partnerships
Authors: GRECO LUCIANO 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe provide a first contribution to analyze how agency problems within the private consortium (i.e., imperfect bundling of private tasks) affect the performance of public–private partnerships (PPPs). When both public–private and private–private contracts are incomplete, the profit‐sharing rules are key to regulate private partners' incentives. In failing to consider the role of imperfect bundling, the scope for PPPs may be overrated (or underrated) if the social benefits of infrastructure quality are large (or small) as compared to the social cost of operation efficiency. Also, it may be optimal for the government to restrict the admissible governance of private consortia.
Large‐Scale Risks and Technological Change: What About Limited Liability?
Authors: JACOB JULIEN , SPAETER SANDRINE 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe consider a firm under strict liability that must choose between two risky technologies, one being safer but costlier than the other one. The total potential level of damage increases with the level of activity. We show that, under limited liability, technological change is welfare‐improving and leads to full risk internalization when the firms are sufficiently capitalized. Nevertheless, the percentage of firms adopting the safer technology and full risk internalization is higher under unlimited liability than under limited liability. We show how an adequate tax policy increases this percentage. We also determine the characteristics of a second‐best tax policy.
Genetically Diverse Variants of Sugarcane bacilliform virus Infecting Sugarcane in India and Evidence of a Novel Recombinant Badnavirus Variant
Authors: Rao Govind P. , Sharma Susheel K. , Singh Deepti , Arya Meenakshi , Singh Priyanka , Baranwal Virendra K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSugarcane bacilliform viruses (SCBV; genus Badnavirus) cause leaf fleck disease in sugarcane worldwide. SCBV was detected in 28 sugarcane cultivars originating from eight states of India. Eight representative SCBV isolates from five different states showed sequence variability up to 27% in the reverse transcriptase and RNase H (RT/RNase H) genetic region. Five isolates [SCBV‐AP (Co693077): HQ324248, SCBV‐Assam (CoBIN94063): HQ324246, SCBV‐Bihar (Bo141): HQ324245, SCBV‐UP (Co1424): KC013276 and SCBV‐UP (CoSe6460): KC013277] showed sequence identity of 86–88% with Sugarcane bacilliform IM virus (SCBIMV), but the other three isolates [SCBV‐Kerala (Co7219): HQ324249, SCBV‐TN (Co86032): GQ385038 and SCBV‐UP (CoSe92423): HQ324247] showed maximum sequence identity of 75–79% with Sugarcane bacilliform MO virus (SCBMOV). In phylogenetic analysis, the SCBV isolates segregated into two new subclades and were distinct from the known SCBV genotypes. The rates of non‐synonymous and synonymous (dN/dS) substitution indicated the signs of purifying selection with strong functional constraints for RT/RNase H region in SCBV population. A variant (SCBV‐UP, CoSe92423) was identified to be a recombinant isolate having two other Indian SCBV isolates as parents. Although RT/RNase H region is a recombination cold spot, a strong recombination might have played a key role in the evolution of this new variant of SCBV. Our study provides an insight into the diverse genetic structure of SCBV population and presence of a novel recombinant SCBV species/variant infecting sugarcane cultivars in India. Our results will be helpful in devising a robust detection procedure for quarantine and field testing of sugarcane germplasm.
Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis Races from Different Areas of Italy
Authors: Luongo Laura , Ferrarini Alberto , Haegi Anita , Vitale Salvatore , Polverari Annalisa , Belisario Alessandra 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis (FOM) is a devastating disease of melon worldwide. Pathogenicity tests performed with F. oxysporum isolates obtained from Italian melon‐growing areas allowed to identify thirty‐four FOM isolates and the presence of all four races. The aims of this work were to examine genetic relatedness among FOM isolates by race determination and to perform phylogenetic analyses of identified FOM races including also other formae speciales of F. oxysporum of cucurbits. Results showed that FOM race 1,2 was the most numerous with a total of eighteen isolates, while six and nine isolates were identified as race 0 and 1, respectively, and just one isolate was assigned to race 2. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiling and by translation elongation factor‐1α (TEF‐1α) sequencing. The analysis of RAPD profiles separated FOM races into two distinct clades. Clade 1, which included races 0, 1 and 1,2, was further divided into ‘subclade a’ which grouped almost all race 1,2 isolates, and into ‘subclade b’ which included race 0 and 1 isolates. Clade 2 comprised only race 2 isolates. The phylogenetic analysis based on TEF‐1α separated FOM from the other formae speciales of F. oxysporum. Also with TEF‐1α analysis, FOM races 0, 1 and 1,2 isolates grouped in one single clade clearly separated from FOM race 2 isolates which grouped closer to F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum. RAPD technique was more effective than TEF‐1α in differentiating FOM race 1,2 isolates from those belonging to the closely related races 0 and 1. Both phylogenetic analyses supported the close relationship between the three different FOM races which might imply the derivation from one another and the different origin of FOM race 2.
Drug Prescription for Erectile Dysfunction Before and After Diagnosis of Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Plym Anna , Folkvaljon Yasin , Garmo Hans , Holmberg Lars , Johansson Eva , Fransson Per , Stattin Pär , Lambe Mats 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the high prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in men with prostate cancer, little is known about the use of ED drugs. Also, the possible influence of socioeconomic factors on ED drug use has not been studied previously.

Aim
The aim of this study was to examine determinants and patterns of ED drug use before and after diagnosis in men with localized prostate cancer.

Methods
Using a nationwide population-based cohort, 25,390 men with localized prostate cancer diagnosed between 2006 and 2009 and 126,944 control men were identified and followed for filled ED drug prescriptions over a 3-year period, ranging from 1 year before and up to 2 years after diagnosis.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measure was the proportion of men with at least one filled ED drug prescription after diagnosis.

Results
The number of men using ED drugs increased markedly following diagnosis. Men who underwent radical prostatectomy had the strongest increase, with a cumulative proportion of 74% for at least one filled prescription within the first 2 years after diagnosis. The corresponding proportion was 33% in men treated with radiotherapy, 21% in men on active surveillance, 10% in men on watchful waiting, and 8% in control men. Among men who underwent prostatectomy, usage attenuated over time. Determinants of postdiagnostic use were young age at diagnosis, high income, high education, and a low- or intermediate-risk cancer.

Conclusion
Although drugs for ED are commonly prescribed after diagnosis, use among most men is transient and influenced by socioeconomic status. Posttreatment counseling and affordable ED drugs are likely to reduce treatment dropout and disparities in use and help improve sexual health and quality of life in men with prostate cancer.
Home range characteristics of a subordinate predator: selection for refugia or hunt opportunity?
Authors: Lendrum P. E. , Elbroch L. M. , Quigley H. , Thompson D. J. , Jimenez M. , Craighead D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCougars Puma concolor are described as ‘habitat generalists’, but little is known about which ecological factors drive their home range selection. For example, how do resource distributions and inter‐species competition with dominant competitors (i.e. wolves, Canis lupus) over such resources, influence the distributions of cougars on the landscape? We tracked cougars using Very High Frequency (VHF; 2001 to 2005) and Global Positioning System (GPS; 2006 to 2011) technology in the Southern Yellowstone Ecosystem (SYE) in northwestern Wyoming, USA. We tested whether data type (VHF vs. GPS), cougar sex, access to forests (refugia) or hunt opportunity explained the size of 50% and 95% kernel density estimator (KDE) home ranges. Second, we quantified attributes of cougar home ranges and tested whether they were different from attributes of the overall study area, to address the ecological question: Do cougars select home ranges based on the availability of refugia, hunt opportunity or some combination of the two? Cougar sex and data type proved significant predictors of home range size for both 95% and 50% KDEs, and the amount of forest partly explained the size of 50% KDEs. Cougar home ranges derived from VHF data were 1.4–1.9 times larger than home ranges derived from GPS data; however, home range attributes determined from VHF and GPS data were remarkably equivalent. Female cougars selected home ranges with higher hunt opportunity than males, supporting the assumption that females primarily select home ranges with suitable prey to sustain themselves and their young. All cougars selected home ranges further from known wolf packs, providing evidence for newly established competition between resident cougars and recolonizing wolves, but did not select home ranges with greater access to landscape refugia. Our results provided evidence that cougars in the SYE select home ranges that provide high hunting opportunity and a spatial buffer that mitigates potential conflicts with a dominant competitor.
Estimation of migration rates from marker‐based parentage analysis
Authors: Wang Jinliang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCoupled with rapid developments of efficient genetic markers, powerful population genetic methods were proposed to estimate migration rates (m) in natural populations in much broader spatial and temporal scales than the traditional mark‐release‐recapture (MRR) methods. Highly polymorphic (e.g. microsatellites) and genomic‐wide (e.g. SNPs) markers provide sufficient information to assign individuals to their populations or parents of origin and thereby to estimate directly m in a way similar to MRR. Such direct estimates of current migration rates are particularly useful in understanding the ecology and microevolution of wild populations and in managing the populations in the future. In this study, I proposed and implemented, in the software MigEst, a likelihood method to use marker‐based parentage assignments in jointly estimating m and candidate parent sampling proportions (x) in a subset of populations, investigated its power and accuracy using data simulated in various scenarios of population properties (e.g. the actual m, number, size and differentiation of populations) and sampling properties (e.g. the numbers of sampled parent candidates, offspring and markers), compared it with the population assignment approach implemented in the software BayesAss and demonstrated its usefulness by analysing a microsatellite data set from three natural populations of Brazilian bats. Simulations showed that MigEst provides unbiased and accurate estimates of m and performs better than BayesAss except when populations are highly differentiated with very small and ecologically insignificant migration rates. A valuable property of MigEst is that in the presence of unsampled populations, it gives good estimates of the rate of migration among sampled populations as well as of the rate of migration into each sampled population from the pooled unsampled populations.
Divergence with gene flow in a population of thermophilic bacteria: a potential role for spatially varying selection
Authors: Wall Christopher A. , Koniges Gregory J. , Miller Scott R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA fundamental goal of evolutionary biology is to understand how ecological diversity arises and is maintained in natural populations. We have investigated the contributions of gene flow and divergent selection to the distribution of genetic variation in an ecologically differentiated population of a thermophilic cyanobacterium (Mastigocladus laminosus) found along the temperature gradient of a nitrogen‐limited stream in Yellowstone National Park. For most loci sampled, gene flow appears to be sufficient to prevent substantial genetic divergence. However, one locus (rfbC) exhibited a comparatively low migration rate as well as other signatures expected for a gene experiencing spatially varying selection, including an excess of common variants, an elevated level of polymorphism and extreme genetic differentiation along the gradient. rfbC is part of an expression island involved in the production of the polysaccharide component of the protective envelope of the heterocyst, the specialized nitrogen‐fixing cell of these bacteria. SNP genotyping in the vicinity of rfbC revealed a ~5‐kbp region including a gene content polymorphism that is tightly associated with environmental temperature and therefore likely contains the target of selection. Two genes have been deleted both in the predominant haplotype found in the downstream region of White Creek and in strains from other Yellowstone populations of M. laminosus, which may result in the production of heterocysts with different envelope properties. This study implicates spatially varying selection in the maintenance of variation related to thermal performance at White Creek despite on‐going or recent gene flow.
Diversification and asymmetrical gene flow across time and space: lineage sorting and hybridization in polytypic barking frogs
Authors: Streicher Jeffrey W. , Devitt Thomas J. , Goldberg Caren S. , Malone John H. , Blackmon Heath , Fujita Matthew K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractYoung species complexes that are widespread across ecologically disparate regions offer important insights into the process of speciation because of their relevance to how local adaptation and gene flow influence diversification. We used mitochondrial DNA and up to 28 152 genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms from polytypic barking frogs (Craugastor augusti complex) to infer phylogenetic relationships and test for the signature of introgressive hybridization among diverging lineages. Our phylogenetic reconstructions suggest (i) a rapid Pliocene–Pleistocene radiation that produced at least nine distinct lineages and (ii) that geographic features of the arid Central Mexican Plateau contributed to two independent northward expansions. Despite clear lineage differentiation (many private alleles and high between‐lineage FST scores), D‐statistic tests, which differentiate introgression from ancestral polymorphism, allowed us to identify two putative instances of reticulate gene flow. Partitioned D‐statistics provided evidence that these events occurred in the same direction between clades but at different points in time. After correcting for geographic distance, we found that lineages involved in hybrid gene flow interactions had higher levels of genetic variation than independently evolving lineages. These findings suggest that the nature of hybrid compatibility can be conserved overlong periods of evolutionary time and that hybridization between diverging lineages may contribute to standing levels of genetic variation.
Adaptive admixture in the West African bovine hybrid zone: insight from the Borgou population
Authors: Flori Laurence , Thevenon Sophie , Dayo Guiguigbaza‐Kossigan , Senou Marcel , Sylla Souleymane , Berthier David , Moazami‐Goudarzi Katayoun , Gautier Mathieu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the adaptive response to environmental fluctuations represents a central issue in evolutionary biology. Population admixture between divergent ancestries has often been considered as an efficient short‐term adaptation strategy. Cattle populations from the West African Bos taurus × Bos indicus hybrid zone represent a valuable resource to characterize the effect of such adaptive admixture at the genome level. We here provide a detailed assessment of the global and local genome ancestries of the Borgou breed, one of the most representative cattle of this hybrid zone. We analysed a large data set consisting of 38 100 SNPs genotyped on 203 Borgou and 591 individuals representative of all the different cattle ancestries. At the global genomic level, we show that Borgou is a stabilized admixed breed whose origin (c. 130 years ago) traces back to the great African rinderpest pandemic, several centuries after the last admixture events, the West African zebus originate from (c. 500 years ago). To identify footprints of adaptive admixture, we combined the identification of signatures of selection and the functional annotation of the underlying genes using systems biology tools. The detection of the SILV coat coloration gene likely under artificial selection may be viewed as a validation of our approach. Overall, our results suggest that the long‐term presence of pathogens and the intermediate environmental conditions are the main acting selective pressures. Our analytical framework can be extended to other model or nonmodel species to understand the process that shapes the patterns of genetic variability in hybrid zones.
Rolf Bernander (1956–2014): pioneer of the archaeal cell cycle
Authors: Ettema Thijs J. G. , Lindås Ann‐Christin , Hjort Karin , Poplawski Andrzej B. , Kaessmann Henrik , Grogan Dennis W. , Kelman Zvi , Andersson Anders F. , Pelve Erik A. , Lundgren Magnus , Svärd Staffan G. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryOn 19 January 2014 Rolf (‘Roffe’) Bernander passed away unexpectedly. Rolf was a dedicated scientist; his research aimed at unravelling the cell biology of the archaeal domain of life, especially cell cycle‐related questions, but he also made important contributions in other areas of microbiology. Rolf had a professor position in the Molecular Evolution programme at Uppsala University, Sweden for about 8 years, and in January 2013 he became chair professor at the Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner‐Gren Institute at Stockholm University in Sweden. Rolf was an exceptional colleague and will be deeply missed by his family and friends, and the colleagues and co‐workers that he leaves behind in the scientific community. He will be remembered for his endless enthusiasm for science, his analytical mind, and his quirky sense of humour.
The structure, function and properties of sirohaem decarboxylase – an enzyme with structural homology to a transcription factor family that is part of the alternative haem biosynthesis pathway
Authors: Palmer David J. , Schroeder Susanne , Lawrence Andrew D. , Deery Evelyne , Lobo Susana A. , Saraiva Ligia M. , McLean Kirsty J. , Munro Andrew W. , Ferguson Stuart J. , Pickersgill Richard W. , Brown David G. , Warren Martin J. 
Published: May 2014

SummarySome bacteria and archaea synthesize haem by an alternative pathway, which involves the sequestration of sirohaem as a metabolic intermediate rather than as a prosthetic group. Along this pathway the two acetic acid side‐chains attached to C12 and C18 are decarboxylated by sirohaem decarboxylase, a heterodimeric enzyme composed of AhbA and AhbB, to give didecarboxysirohaem. Further modifications catalysed by two related radical SAM enzymes, AhbC and AhbD, transform didecarboxysirohaem into Fe‐coproporphyrin III and haem respectively. The characterization of sirohaem decarboxylase is reported in molecular detail. Recombinant versions of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Methanosarcina barkeri AhbA/B have been produced and their physical properties compared. The D. vulgaris and M. barkeri enzyme complexes both copurify with haem, whose redox state influences the activity of the latter. The kinetic parameters of the D. desulfuricans enzyme have been determined, the enzyme crystallized and its structure has been elucidated. The topology of the enzyme reveals that it shares a structural similarity to the AsnC/Lrp family of transcription factors. The active site is formed in the cavity between the two subunits and a AhbA/B‐product complex with didecarboxysirohaem has been obtained. A mechanism for the decarboxylation of the kinetically stable carboxyl groups is proposed.