bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern prediction by linear analysis of turbulent flow with drag reduction by wall oscillation
Authors: Blesbois Olivier , Chernyshenko Sergei I. , Touber Emile , Leschziner Michael A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA turbulent flow past a transverse-oscillating wall is considered. The oscillation parameters correspond to the regime where drag reduction is observed. Streak spacing and streak angle obtained from the generalized optimal perturbation approach are compared with results from direct numerical simulations. Other flow features of the generalized optimal perturbation are compared with conditionally-averaged data extracted from numerical simulations. The generalized optimal perturbation at a given instant in time is found to consist of an infinitely long structure at a certain angle to the main flow direction. This angle varies slowly with time for half a period, and then suddenly jumps to a different value, changing both sign and magnitude. The angle variation is shown to be slow, because there is a short time interval in the oscillation period when a small perturbation of a certain angle grows strongly and then remains dominant for almost the entire half-period. The transient growth mechanism of the generalized optimal perturbation is found to be a combination of the Orr mechanism due to the cross-flow shear, acting at the initial stage, followed by the lift-up mechanism of the velocity component directed along the structure by the wall-normal motion also oriented in the same direction.
Pressure losses in grooved channels
Authors: Mohammadi A. , Floryan J. M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe effects of small-amplitude, two-dimensional grooves on pressure losses in a laminar channel flow have been analysed. Grooves with an arbitrary shape and an arbitrary orientation with respect to the flow direction have been considered. It has been demonstrated that losses can be expressed as a superposition of two parts, one associated with change in the mean positions of the walls and one induced by flow modulations associated with the geometry of the grooves. The former effect can be determined analytically, while the latter has to be determined numerically and can be captured with an acceptable accuracy using reduced-order geometry models. Projection of the wall shape onto a Fourier space has been used to generate such a model. It has been found that in most cases replacement of the actual wall geometry with the leading mode of the relevant Fourier expansion permits determination of pressure losses with an error of less than 10 %. Detailed results are given for sinusoidal grooves for the range of parameters of practical interest. These results describe the performance of arbitrary grooves with the accuracy set by the properties of the reduced-order geometry model and are exact for sinusoidal grooves. The results show a strong dependence of the pressure losses on the groove orientation. Longitudinal grooves produce the smallest drag, and oblique grooves with an inclination angle of ${\sim }42\textdegree $ exhibit the largest flow turning potential. Detailed analyses of the extreme cases, i.e. transverse and longitudinal grooves, have been carried out. For transverse grooves with small wavenumbers, the dominant part of the drag is produced by shear, while the pressure form drag and the pressure interaction drag provide minor contributions. For the same grooves with large wavenumbers, the stream lifts up above the grooves due to their blocking effect, resulting in a change in the mechanics of drag formation: the contributions of shear decrease while the contributions of the pressure interaction drag increase, leading to an overall drag increase. In the case of longitudinal grooves, drag is produced by shear, and its rearrangement results in a drag decrease for long-wavelength grooves in spite of an increase of the wetted surface area. An increase of the wavenumber leads to the fluid being squeezed from the troughs and the stream being forced to lift up above the grooves. The shear is nearly eliminated from a large fraction of the wall but the overall drag increases due to reduction of the effective channel opening. It is shown that properly structured grooves are able to eliminate wall shear from the majority of the wetted surface area regardless of the groove orientation, thus exhibiting the potential for the creation of drag-reducing surfaces. Such surfaces can become practicable if a method for elimination of the undesired pressure and shear peaks through proper groove shaping can be found.
Schooling Transitions Within the Lifespan of People With an Intellectual Disability: Perceptions and Recommendations of Ageing Mothers
Authors: Strnadová Iva , Evans David 
Published: May 2013

In this paper the authors examine the perceptions of mothers about the schooling transitions, including transitions to postschool options, made by their adult child with an intellectual disability (ID). Twenty mothers of an adult child with an ID living in New South Wales, Australia, and the Czech Republic, aged 48 years or older, were recruited to participate in this study. Mothers were interviewed following a semistructured protocol. The audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim, and analysed using a constant comparison analytic approach.The experiences and issues faced by mothers at differing transitions of their adult child with an ID will be discussed, including issues of school selection, lifelong planning, and engaging with professionals. Common and unique themes within and between each country will be drawn, along with a comparison of findings from recent research reporting on transition experiences of mothers with young children with ID. The concluding discussion will focus on lessons learned about lifelong transition experiences, and pose future directions for enhancing the quality of transitions for persons with special needs and their families.
DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION AND PARTITIONING IN VARIOUS FRACTIONS OF COTTON BOLLS
Authors: TANG FEIYU , XIAO WENJUN 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThe distribution of dry matter among the fractions of cotton boll (the bur, the fibre and the seed) may have significant impact on fibre biomass per boll, and consequently on lint yield. Little is known on how cotton boll allocates available photosynthetic assimilates to its components. A two-year field study was conducted to ascertain the difference in boll dry matter production and partitioning among three cotton genotypes differing in boll size and lint percentage. The dynamics of dry matter production in all fractions of cotton boll against boll age followed a logistic pattern. The final dry weights of all components were largely due to the duration of dry matter exponential accumulation, and less correlated with the maximal rate of exponential accumulation. Partitioning biomass to the bur differed significantly among these genotypes at 10 days post-anthesis (DPA). The genotypic difference in partitioning biomass to the fibre was originally observed at 24 DPA in 2009, while in 2010, this was observed at 17 DPA. The genotypic difference emerged rather late for the seed ratio compared with the fibre ratio and the bur ratio, which was first observed at 45 DPA in 2009 and at 31 DPA in 2010. These results indicate that management practices may need to be applied to cotton plants prior to 31 DPA to ensure optimal boll size and partitioning. Large boll genotype MM-2 consistently maintained higher seed ratio and lower fibre ratio than two other genotypes (2870 and AX) due to more developing ovules in its boll. These differences contributed to significant difference in lint percentage and less difference in fibre mass per boll between MM-2 and 2870 and AX.
THE GOVERNMENT OF FANTE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
Authors: LAW ROBIN 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article reconsiders the political organization of Fante, a leading state of the Gold Coast, during the seventeenth century, mainly on the basis of contemporary European records. It questions the conventional depiction of Fante as lacking any effective central authority, showing that the Brafo (head of state) in fact exercised significant power. However, there were recurrent conflicts, both between the Brafo and other chiefs in the capital, and between the capital and the provinces. These tensions are situated within the context of growing European trade in gold and slaves, and endemic local warfare, which generated new resources that upset the existing balance of power.
Constructing the (m)other: A-prefixing, stance, and the lessons of motherhood
Authors: Burkette Allison 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe present study examines two unprompted versions of the same story, related by a mother and daughter in separate sociolinguistic interviews. Following a quantitative intraspeaker comparison of their use of grammatical features associated with Appalachian English within the entirety of their interviews, this study undertakes a close reading of the narratives (along with additional passages from the daughter) to demonstrate the manner in which the two women construct their identities as “mother” and as “other” through conversational narrative and the use of local dialect features. Specifically, this article addresses the use of regional grammatical variables to enact speaker stances toward mothering, focusing on two women's independent recollections of a single incident and how these narratives dialogically construct the (m)other. (Language variation, Appalachian English, stancetaking, motherhood)*
Quantum structure and human thought
Authors: Aerts Diederik , Broekaert Jan , Gabora Liane , Sozzo Sandro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe support the authors' claims, except that we point out that also quantum structure different from quantum probability abundantly plays a role in human cognition. We put forward several elements to illustrate our point, mentioning entanglement, contextuality, interference, and emergence as effects, and states, observables, complex numbers, and Fock space as specific mathematical structures.
Can quantum probability help analyze the behavior of functional brain networks?
Authors: Banerjee Arpan , Horwitz Barry 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPothos & Busemeyer (P&B) argue how key concepts of quantum probability, for example, order/context, interference, superposition, and entanglement, can be used in cognitive modeling. Here, we suggest that these concepts can be extended to analyze neurophysiological measurements of cognitive tasks in humans, especially in functional neuroimaging investigations of large-scale brain networks.
Quantum probability and comparative cognition
Authors: Grace Randolph C. , Kemp Simon 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEvolution would favor organisms that can make recurrent decisions in accordance with classical probability (CP) theory, because such choices would be optimal in the long run. This is illustrated by the base-rate fallacy and probability matching, where nonhumans choose optimally but humans do not. Quantum probability (QP) theory may be able to account for these species differences in terms of orthogonal versus nonorthogonal representations.
The cognitive economy: The probabilistic turn in psychology and human cognition
Authors: Kusev Petko , van Schaik Paul 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAccording to the foundations of economic theory, agents have stable and coherent “global” preferences that guide their choices among alternatives. However, people are constrained by information-processing and memory limitations and hence have a propensity to avoid cognitive load. We propose that this in turn will encourage them to respond to “local” preferences and goals influenced by context and memory representations.
Quantum models of cognition as Orwellian newspeak
Authors: Lee Michael D. , Vanpaemel Wolf 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFaced with probabilistic relationships between causes and effects, quantum theory assumes that deterministic causes do not exist, and that only incomplete probabilistic expressions of knowledge are possible. As in its application to physics, this fundamental epistemological stance severely limits the ability of quantum theory to provide insight and understanding in human cognition.
Processes models, environmental analyses, and cognitive architectures: Quo vadis quantum probability theory?
Authors: Marewski Julian N. , Hoffrage Ulrich 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA lot of research in cognition and decision making suffers from a lack of formalism. The quantum probability program could help to improve this situation, but we wonder whether it would provide even more added value if its presumed focus on outcome models were complemented by process models that are, ideally, informed by ecological analyses and integrated into cognitive architectures.
Realistic neurons can compute the operations needed by quantum probability theory and other vector symbolic architectures
Authors: Stewart Terrence C. , Eliasmith Chris 
Published: May 2013

AbstractQuantum probability (QP) theory can be seen as a type of vector symbolic architecture (VSA): mental states are vectors storing structured information and manipulated using algebraic operations. Furthermore, the operations needed by QP match those in other VSAs. This allows existing biologically realistic neural models to be adapted to provide a mechanistic explanation of the cognitive phenomena described in the target article by Pothos & Busemeyer (P&B).
Why quantum probability does not explain the conjunction fallacy
Authors: Tentori Katya , Crupi Vincenzo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe agree with Pothos & Busemeyer (P&B) that formal tools can be fruitfully employed to model human judgment under uncertainty, including well-known departures from principles of classical probability. However, existing findings either contradict P&B's quantum probability approach or support it to a limited extent. The conjunction fallacy serves as a key illustration of both kinds of problems.
Physics envy: Trying to fit a square peg into a round hole
Authors: Shanteau James , Weiss David J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPothos & Busemeyer (P&B) argue that classical probability (CP) fails to describe human decision processes accurately and should be supplanted by quantum probability. We accept the premise, but reject P&B's conclusion. CP is a prescriptive framework that has inspired a great deal of valuable research. Also, because CP is used across the sciences, it is a cornerstone of interdisciplinary collaboration.
The Inadequate Life: Rural Industrial Pollution and Lay Epidemiology in China
Authors: Lora-Wainwright Anna 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBased on fieldwork in a heavily industrialized Yunnan village, this article examines how villagers understand and respond to pollution-related health risks. Building on Robert Weller's (2006) concept of environmental consciousness, it shows that Baocun villagers have developed an acute environmental health consciousness. However, despite earlier instances of collective activism, they no longer act as a community to oppose the harm to their bodies caused by pollution. The article investigates the role of uncertainty surrounding illness causation in deterring action. It argues that uncertainty about pollution's effects on health is reinforced by the social, political and economic contexts and developments in the past few decades. As a result, villagers engage in a form of “lay epidemiology” to make sense of the effects of pollution on their health, but not in a “popular epidemiology” consisting of collective action against presumed health damages. The article concludes with some thoughts on how locals act within and despite uncertainty.
Industrial Pollution and Environmental Health in Rural China: Risk, Uncertainty and Individualization
Authors: Tilt Bryan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAfter more than three decades of extremely rapid industrial growth, China faces an environmental public health crisis. In this article, I examine pollution in the rural industrial sector and its implications for community health. Drawing on recent ethnographic research in an industrial township in rural Sichuan, including interviews with government officials, environmental regulators, industrial workers and local residents, I explore how community members understand the linkages between air and water pollution from nearby factories and their health and well-being. The article has two main goals. The first is to examine the various ways in which uncertainty about pollution sources, about the severity of pollution levels and about the links between pollution and human health shapes villagers' experiences of pollution on a day-to-day basis. The second goal is to examine the rising trend of “individualization” taking place in China today and explore how this process is related to people's experiences of toxic exposure. I consider the implications of this trend for how social scientists should approach the study of environmental illness in contemporary China.
Biodiversity-based development in Small Island Developing States
Authors: Teelucksingh Sonja , Nunes Paulo A.L.D. , Perrings Charles 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSmall Island Developing States (SIDS) are quite diverse in terms of various development metrics, but are uniformly vulnerable both to macroeconomic shocks and to changes in the biodiversity that supports fisheries and tourism. This special section assembles a set of papers that analyze international demand for the natural resources associated with the two sectors, and the factors that lie behind changes in their supply. Since each stresses the resource base, albeit in different ways, we argue that limits on tourist pressure will be as important as limits on allowable fish catches in the future. We identify the challenge for SIDS as the need to implement an integrated, sustainable resource management strategy that allows biological resources to be allocated to their highest valued uses, while respecting the interests of those with prior rights to those resources.
Antidepressant-induced differential ubiquitination of β-arrestins 1 and 2 in mononuclear leucocytes of patients with depression
Authors: Golan Moran , Schreiber Gabriel , Avissar Sofia 
Published: May 2013

Abstractβ-Arrestins 1 and 2, cytosolic proteins known to mediate receptor desensitization, endocytosis and G protein-independent signalling, are post-translationally modified by ubiquitination regulating their ability to serve as adaptors and scaffolds. β-Arrestins were suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of depression and in antidepressant mechanism of action. To determine whether a depressive episode or antidepressant treatment induce significant selective differences in β-arrestin 1 and 2 levels or their ubiquitination patterns in leucocytes of patients with depression, 46 outpatients diagnosed with a depressive episode were examined before and after 4-wk antidepressant treatment compared with age- and gender-matched control subjects. β-Arrestin levels were measured by immunoblotting using anti-arrestin antibodies. Ubiquitination of β-arrestins was measured using anti-ubiquitin antibodies followed by an immunoprecipitation step and immunoblotting using anti-arrestin antibodies. Antidepressants induced selective alterations in leucocyte β-arrestin 1 and 2 levels and ubiquitination. The levels of β-arrestin 1 and 2 and their ubiquitinated forms in leucocytes of yet untreated patients with depression were significantly decreased in a symptom severity correlated manner compared to control subjects. Antidepressants normalized β-arrestin 1 and 2 levels and uncovered novel differences between the two isoforms: (a) while antidepressants normalized ubiquitination of β-arrestin 1, ubiquination of β-arrestin 2 was unaffected; (b) while under antidepressants ubiquitination extent of β-arrestin 1 positively correlated with its level, an inverse picture of negative correlation was found between ubiquitination extent of β-arrestin 2 and its level. We conclude that antidepressants may serve as a tool to detect functional differences between the two β-arrestin isoforms and that through these differential effects antidepressants can induce specific alterations in alternative cellular signalling.
MULTIPLE GROUP THREAT AND MALLEABLE WHITE ATTITUDES TOWARDS ACADEMIC MERIT
Authors: Samson Frank L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAs the White populace in the United States moves toward numerical minority status by 2042, how might Whites respond to impending threat of losing their dominant group position? In particular, how will Whites react at selective, elite universities, where Asians are increasingly prominent and other non-Whites are maintaining or capturing a larger share of enrollments? Drawing on group position theory, I test White commitment to meritocracy as a public policy, using a survey-based experiment (599 California adult residents) to examine the importance grade point average should have in public university admissions. Whites decrease the importance that grade point average should have when Asian group threat is primed. However, White Californians increase the importance that grade point average should have when thinking about group threat from either Blacks or Blacks and Asians simultaneously. Ethnoracial outgroup threat shifts White support for meritocracy in different directions.
Calfacilitin is a calcium channel modulator essential for initiation of neural plate development
Authors: Papanayotou Costis , De Almeida Irene , Liao Ping , Oliveira Nidia M. M. , Lu Song-Qing , Kougioumtzidou Eleni , Zhu Lei , Shaw Alex , Sheng Guojun , Streit Andrea , Yu Dejie , Wah Soong Tuck , Stern Claudio D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCalcium fluxes have been implicated in the specification of the vertebrate embryonic nervous system for some time, but how these fluxes are regulated and how they relate to the rest of the neural induction cascade is unknown. Here we describe Calfacilitin, a transmembrane calcium channel facilitator that increases calcium flux by generating a larger window current and slowing inactivation of the L-type CaV1.2 channel. Calfacilitin binds to this channel and is co-expressed with it in the embryo. Regulation of intracellular calcium by Calfacilitin is required for expression of the neural plate specifiers Geminin and Sox2 and for neural plate formation. Loss-of-function of Calfacilitin can be rescued by ionomycin, which increases intracellular calcium. Our results elucidate the role of calcium fluxes in early neural development and uncover a new factor in the modulation of calcium signalling.
Schritt für Schritt – Intraossäre Punktion
Authors: Bornemann Philipp , Reu Hans-Peter 
Published: May 2013

ZusammenfassungLässt sich ein peripher venöser Zugang nicht legen,herrschen erschwerte Bedingungen oder besteht die Gefahr einesZeitverlusts, stellt die intraossäre Punktion eine gute Alternativedar. Sie ist eine Notfallmaßnahme, die mit etwas Übung und bei derrichtigen Indikation rasch und problemlos einen sicheren Zugangzum Gefäßsystem des Patienten schaff t.
Dynamic CREB family activity drives segmentation and posterior polarity specification in mammalian somitogenesis
Authors: Lopez T. Peter , Fan Chen-Ming 
Published: May 2013

Significance
The segmented axial skeleton of vertebrates is composed of an interlinked framework of vertebrae and ribs. During embryogenesis, vertebral precursors known as somites form sequentially from a progenitor tissue known as the presomitic mesoderm to foreshadow the metamerism of the axial skeleton. We have discovered that the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) family of transcription factors operates in combination with Notch and Wnt signaling to instruct the timely scission of presomitic mesoderm into somites with proper anterior/posterior polarities. Thus, the CREB family represents a new and important molecular integrator in axial skeleton development. Our work has potential implications to spinal disorders such as scoliosis.