bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Dye‐Protein Interaction and Silver Nanoparticles on Rose Bengal Photophysical Behavior and Protein Photocrosslinking
Authors: Simpson Madeline J. , Poblete Horacio , Griffith May , Alarcon Emilio I. , Scaiano Juan C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe role of recombinant Type‐I human collagen in the free form or forming AgNP@collagen on the photophysical and photochemical behavior of rose Bengal was analyzed. The formation of dye aggregates on the protein surface was experimentally observed and corroborated by docking calculations. The formation of such aggregates is believed to change the main oxidative mechanism from Type‐II (singlet oxygen) to Type‐I (free radical) photosensitization. Remarkably, the presence of AgNP in the form of AgNP@collagen altered the dynamics of dye triplet deactivation, effectively preventing the dye degradation and reducing the extent of protein crosslinked. Both crosslinked rHC and AgNP@collagen were able to support fibroblasts proliferation, but only the material containing silver was resistant to S. epidermidis infection.
Improved In vitro and In vivo Cutaneous Delivery of Protoporphyrin IX from PLGA‐based Nanoparticles
Authors: da Silva Carolina L. , Del Ciampo José O. , Rossetti Fábia C. , Bentley Maria V. L. B. , Pierre Maria B. R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe report the development of d, l lactic co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)‐based nanoparticles (NPs) for topical delivery of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a photosensitizer (PS), in treatments like photodynamic therapy (PDT) of skin cancers. PpIX‐NPs were obtained in ~75.0% yield, encapsulation efficiency of 67.7%, drug content of 50.3 μg mg−1, average diameter of 290 nm maintained up to 30 days and a zeta potential of 32.3 mV. Sustained in vitro release of PpIX through artificial membranes following Higuchi kinetics was kept up to 10 days. In vitro retentions of PpIX both in stratum corneum (SC) and epidermis + dermis ([EP + D]) were higher from NPs (23.0 and 10.0 times, respectively) compared to control solutions at all times. Quantification of PpIX by extraction, after in vivo skin application of NPs‐PpIX on hairless mice, showed higher retention of the PS both in SC and in [EP + D] (3.0 and 2.0 times, respectively) compared to control solutions. Taken together, the results indicate that NPs are suitable for PpIX encapsulation showing minimal permeation through the skin and a localized effect, characteristics of a potential and promising delivery system for PDT‐associated treatments of skin cancers, photodiagnosis and their off‐label uses.
Immunity, resistance and tolerance in bird–parasite interactions
Authors: Sorci G. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryInteracting pathogens and hosts have evolved reciprocal adaptations whose function is to allow host exploitation (from the pathogen stand point) or minimize the cost of infection (from the host stand point). Once infected, two strategies are offered to the host: parasite clearing (resistance) and withstanding the infection while paying a low fitness cost (tolerance). In both cases, the immune system plays a central role. Interestingly, whatever the defence strategy adopted by the host, this is likely to have an effect on parasite evolution. Given their short generation time and large population size, parasites are expected to rapidly adapt to the environmental conditions provided by their hosts. The immune system can therefore represent a powerful engine of parasite evolution, with the direction of such evolutionary trajectory depending on, among other factors, (i) the type of mechanism involved (resistance or tolerance) and (ii) the damage induced by overreacting immune defences. In this article, I will discuss these different issues focusing on selected examples of recent work conducted on two bird pathogens, the protozoa responsible for avian malaria (Plasmodium sp.) and the bacterium Mycoplasma gallisepticum.
Spectral Estimation of Covolatility from Noisy Observations Using Local Weights
Authors: Bibinger Markus , Reiß Markus 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe propose localized spectral estimators for the quadratic covariation and the spot covolatility of diffusion processes, which are observed discretely with additive observation noise. The appropriate estimation for time‐varying volatilities is based on an asymptotic equivalence of the underlying statistical model to a white‐noise model with correlation and volatility processes being constant over small time intervals. The asymptotic equivalence of the continuous‐time and discrete‐time experiments is proved by a construction with linear interpolation in one direction and local means for the other. The new estimator outperforms earlier non‐parametric methods in the literature for the considered model. We investigate its finite sample size characteristics in simulations and draw a comparison between various proposed methods.
Dyadic Analyses of Preschool‐aged Children's Friendships: Convergence and Differences between Friendship Classifications from Peer Sociometric Data and Teacher's Reports
Authors: Shin Nana , Kim Mina , Goetz Stephanie , Vaughn Brian E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPeer sociometrics and teachers' friendship reports were compared in 2179 preschool dyads. One hundred twenty of 306 reciprocated friend dyads from peer sociometric data were also identified as good friends by their classroom teachers, and 301 of 600 of non‐reciprocated dyads in peer data were named as friends by one or both classroom teachers (overall kappa = .16). Friendship classifications from both peer and teacher data had significant relations with variables relevant to peer interactions, social skills, peer acceptance, and teacher‐rated scales (six of seven tests significant for peer data; five of eight significant for teacher data). Multilevel analyses indicated that friendship status effects were not qualified by classroom‐level differences. Findings suggest that sociometric tasks can identify preschoolers' peer friendships and that the range of correlates may be broader in peer‐choice data than in teachers' friendship evaluations.
Functional variants of ERAP1 gene are associated with HLA‐B27 positive spondyloarthritis
Authors: Cherciu M. , Popa L. O. , Bojinca M. , Dutescu M. I. , Bojinca V. , Bara C. , Popa O. M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe investigated two nonsynonymous variants (rs30187 and rs27044) of ERAP1 gene in HLA‐B27 positive individuals (150 spondyloarthritis and 108 controls) and in general ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients (n = 137) vs random controls (n = 139). Both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with the risk of spondyloarthritis [odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–2.62, P = 0.001 for rs30187, OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.07–2.34, P = 0.02 for rs27044]. The CC haplotype was a protective factor (P = 0.002), while the TG haplotype was a risk factor (P = 0.01) for spondyloarthritis. The SNP rs30187 was also associated with the risk of HLA‐B27+ AS. For the general group of AS, the carriers of minor alleles showed an increased risk for the disease (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.17–3.13 for rs30187, OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.08–2.80 for rs27044). This is the first study that shows the association of ERAP1 gene variants and haplotypes with HLA‐B27 positive spondyloarthritis.
The role of FaBG3 in fruit ripening and B. cinerea fungal infection of strawberry
Authors: Li Qian , Ji Kai , Sun Yufei , Luo Hao , Wang Hongqing , Leng Ping 
Published: June 2013

SummaryIn plants, β–glucosidases (BG) have been implicated in developmental and pathogen defense, and are thought to take part in abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis via hydrolysis of ABA glucose ester to release active ABA; however, there is no genetic evidence for the role of BG genes in ripening and biotic/abiotic stress in fruits. To clarify the role of BG genes in fruit, eight Fa/FvBG genes encoding β–glucosidase were isolated using information from the GenBank strawberry nucleotide database. Of the Fa/FvBG genes examined, expression of FaBG3 was the highest, showing peaks at the mature stage, coincident with the changes observed in ABA content. To verify the role of this gene, we suppressed the expression of FaBG3 via inoculation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing tobacco rattle virus carrying a FaBG3 fragment (RNAi). The expression of FaBG3 in FaBG3‐RNAi‐treated fruit was markedly reduced, and the ABA content was lower than that of the control. FaBG3‐RNAi‐treated fruit did not exhibit full ripening, and were firmer, had lower sugar content, and were pale compared with the control due to down‐regulation of ripening‐related genes. FaBG3‐RNAi‐treated fruit with reduced ABA levels were much more resistant to Botrytis cinerea fungus but were more sensitive to dehydration stress than control fruit. These results indicate that FaBG3 may play key roles in fruit ripening, dehydration stress and B. cinerea fungal infection in strawberries via modulation of ABA homeostasis and transcriptional regulation of ripening‐related genes.
EMU and Trade Revisited: Long‐Run Evidence Using Gravity Equations
Authors: Camarero Mariam , Gómez Estrella , Tamarit Cecilio 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we present evidence of the long‐run effect of the euro on trade for the twelve initial EMU countries for the period 1967–2008 from a double perspective. First, we pool all the bilateral combinations of trade flows among the EMU countries in a panel cointegration gravity specification. Second, we estimate a gravity equation for each of the EMU members vis‐à‐vis the other eleven partners. We apply panel cointegration techniques based on factor models that account for cross‐dependence and structural breaks. Whereas the joint gravity equation provides evidence on the aggregate effect of the euro on intra‐European trade, by isolating the individual countries, we assess which of the member countries have obtained a larger benefit from the euro. The results show that the euro has had a positive though small effect on trade. Belgium and Luxembourg, France and Italy are the countries more benefited from the introduction of the euro. The effects for exports to third countries are in general more moderate, and, with the exception of Greece, there is no evidence of diversion effects.
Blade Loading Effects on Axial Turbine Tip Leakage Vortex Dynamics
and Loss
Authors: Huang Arthur C. , Greitzer Edward M. , Tan Choon S. , Clemens Eugene F. , Gegg Steven G. , Turner Edward R. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Numerical simulations have been carried out to define the loss generation mechanisms associated with tip leakage in unshrouded axial turbines. Tip clearance vortex dynamics are a dominant feature of two mechanisms important in determining this loss: (i) decreased swirl velocity due to vortex line contraction in regions of decreasing axial velocity, i.e., adverse pressure gradient, and (ii) vortex breakdown and reverse flow in the vortex core. The mixing losses behave differently from the conventional view of flow exiting a turbine tip clearance. More specifically, it is shown through control volume arguments and computations that as a swirling leakage flow passes through a pressure rise, such as in the aft portion of the suction side of a turbine blade, the mixed-out loss can either decrease or increase. For turbines, the latter typically occurs if the deceleration is large enough to initiate vortex breakdown, and it is demonstrated that this can occur in modern turbines. The effect of blade pressure distribution on clearance losses is illustrated through computational examination of turbine blades with forward loading at the tip and with aft loading. A 15% difference in leakage loss is found between the two due to lower clearance vortex deceleration (lower core static pressure rise) with forward loading and, hence, lower vortex breakdown loss. Additional computational experiments, carried out to define the effects of blade loading, incidence, and solidity, are found to be consistent with the proposed ideas linking blade pressure distribution, vortex breakdown, and turbine tip leakage loss.
Candida albicans CUG Mistranslation Is a Mechanism To Create Cell Surface Variation
Authors: Miranda Isabel , Silva-Dias Ana , Rocha Rita , Teixeira-Santos Rita , Coelho Carolina , Gonçalves Teresa , Santos Manuel A. S. , Pina-Vaz Cidália , Solis Norma V. , Filler Scott G. , Rodrigues Acácio G. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

In the human fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
, the CUG codon is translated 97% of the time as serine and 3% of the time as leucine, which potentially originates an array of proteins resulting from the translation of a single gene. Genes encoding cell surface proteins are enriched in CUG codons; thus, CUG mistranslation may influence the interactions of the organism with the host. To investigate this, we compared a
C. albicans
strain that misincorporates 28% of leucine at CUGs with a wild-type parental strain. The first strain displayed increased adherence to inert and host molecules. In addition, it was less susceptible to phagocytosis by murine macrophages, probably due to reduced exposure of cell surface β-glucans. To prove that these phenotypes occurred due to serine/leucine exchange, the
C. albicans
adhesin and invasin
ALS3
was expressed in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
in its two natural isoforms (Als3p-Leu and Als3p-Ser). The cells with heterologous expression of Als3p-Leu showed increased adherence to host substrates and flocculation. We propose that CUG mistranslation has been maintained during the evolution of
C. albicans
due to its potential to generate cell surface variability, which significantly alters fungus-host interactions.

IMPORTANCE
The translation of genetic information into proteins is a highly accurate cellular process. In the human fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
, a unique mistranslation event involving the CUG codon occurs. The CUG codon is mainly translated as serine but can also be translated as leucine. Leucine and serine are two biochemically distinct amino acids, hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. The increased rate of leucine incorporation at CUG decoding triggers
C. albicans
virulence attributes, such as morphogenesis, phenotypic switching, and adhesion. Here, we show that CUG mistranslation masks the fungal cell wall molecule β-glucan that is normally recognized by the host immune system, delaying its response. Furthermore, we demonstrate that two different proteins of the adhesin Als3 generated by CUG mistranslation confer increased hydrophobicity and adhesion ability on yeast cells. Thus, CUG mistranslation functions as a mechanism to create protein diversity with differential activities, constituting an advantage for a mainly asexual microorganism. This could explain its preservation during evolution.
A qualitative study on the perceptions of preventing falls as a health priority among older people in Northern India
Authors: Jagnoor Jagnoor , Keay Lisa , Jaswal Nidhi , Kaur Manmeet , Ivers Rebecca 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundIn India, fall-related injury morbidity and mortality is an emerging public health problem in older people. Despite awareness of a growing burden, there is a scarcity of literature on effective and acceptable interventions. This study was undertaken to explore the perceptions of older people regarding the risk of falls and understanding of fall prevention programmes.MethodsWe conducted six focus group discussions (FGDs), comprising single gender for three socio-demographic groups in a north Indian city, Chandigarh, in 2011. FGDs were conducted in local language (Punjabi), recorded, transcribed and translated in English. Two researchers independently conducted thematic analysis.ResultsFocus group participants were aware of the devastating consequences of fall-related injuries. The predominant reasons for explaining an increased risk of falling was age, uneven surfaces, physical weakness and mental health. There were several other competing health priorities in this population. Preventive measures ranging from individual to government level initiatives were suggested. The experience, knowledge, perceptions and health priorities were diverse among the three socio-demographic groups. However, the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness for improving balance and strength using yoga in this population needs to be evaluated.ConclusionsCareful consideration of health priorities is required for development of falls prevention, particularly among the urban poor. Further, initiatives that foster community engagement, such as participatory action may increase acceptability of initiatives to prevent fall-related injury among older people in India.
Thick-skin orogen–foreland interactions and their controlling factors, Northern Andes of Colombia
Authors: Hermeston S. , Nemčok M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

The study draws from reflection seismic,
in-situ
stress and low-temperature geochronology data on the Eastern Cordillera–Llanos foreland basin system of Colombia, which is an example of the retro-wedge of the orogen with an advancing subduction zone. The system was obliquely converging during deposition of the Lower Oligocene–Lower Miocene Carbonera to recent Guayabo formations, recording it by the northeastward depocentre shift in the proximal Llanos Basin. While the southern portion of the foreland did not flex and undergo flexural normal faulting after Carbonera deposition, the northern portion did. The earthquake data indicate that the northern Eastern Cordillera undergoes strengthening by internal deformation, while the southern segment is already strong enough to undergo significant displacements dominantly along its bounding fault systems. Furthermore, the southern segment initiated detachment of the first thick-skin blocks from the proximal Llanos Basin. Such co-existence of different convergence maturity stages along the orogen strike allows unravelling of its development starting with internal deformation and foreland flexure, followed by mountain building and large-scale boundary fault displacements, to the large-scale foreland deformation. The onset of new foreland accretion seems to be controlled by the resistance of the foreland plate to flexing, given that the orogenic engine continues to drive convergence.

Supplementary material:

Discussion of evidences for dextral transpression in the Eastern Cordillera, data on exhumation history of the Eastern Cordillera and colour versions of Figures 4–6 are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18629
Interaction between thin- and thick-skinned tectonics in the foothill areas of an inverted graben. The Middle Magdalena Foothill belt
Authors: Moreno Néstor , Silva Alejandro , Mora Andrés , Tesón Eliseo , Quintero Isaid , Rojas Luis Ernesto , Lopez Cristina , Blanco Vladimir , Castellanos Jaime , Sanchez Javier , Osorio Lidy , Namson Jay , Stockli Daniel , Casallas Wilson 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The Magdalena Valley fold-and-thrust belt is a tectonic province associated with inverted rift zones. This belt displays a narrow and discontinuous deformation front indicating association with inversion tectonics. We show the differences with an analogue belt on the eastern side of the Eastern Cordillera (Llanos foothills). To do that we use structural data (seismic, wells and geological maps) which characterize different structural geometries as well as palaeocurrents, provenance and thermochronology to analyse the timing of deformation. The new datasets allowed us to detect that inversion is limited whenever the stresses are more orthogonal to the rift structures, whereas the mountain front is more segmented in comparison to the Eastern Foothills because of the absence of a continuous low basal friction detachment horizon and a pronounced eastwards basement dip. These two factors favoured fault hard linkage. It is remarkable that, in spite of the distinct segmentation, all the different segments in the Magdalena belt are coeval.

Supplementary material:

U–Pb Zircon data are available at:
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18630
.
Regulation of the Transcriptional Coactivator FHL2 Licenses Activation of the Androgen Receptor in Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: McGrath Meagan J. , Binge Lauren C. , Sriratana Absorn , Wang Hong , Robinson Paul A. , Pook David , Fedele Clare G. , Brown Susan , Dyson Jennifer M. , Cottle Denny L. , Cowling Belinda S. , Niranjan Birunthi , Risbridger Gail P. , Mitchell Christina A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
It is now clear that progression from localized prostate cancer to incurable castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is driven by continued androgen receptor (AR), signaling independently of androgen. Thus, there remains a strong rationale to suppress AR activity as the single most important therapeutic goal in CRPC treatment. Although the expression of ligand-independent AR splice variants confers resistance to AR-targeted therapy and progression to lethal castrate-resistant cancer, the molecular regulators of AR activity in CRPC remain unclear, in particular those pathways that potentiate the function of mutant AR in CRPC. Here, we identify FHL2 as a novel coactivator of ligand-independent AR variants that are important in CRPC. We show that the nuclear localization of FHL2 and coactivation of the AR is driven by calpain cleavage of the cytoskeletal protein filamin, a pathway that shows differential activation in prostate epithelial versus prostate cancer cell lines. We further identify a novel FHL2-AR–filamin transcription complex, revealing how deregulation of this axis promotes the constitutive, ligand-independent activation of AR variants, which are present in CRPC. Critically, the calpain-cleaved filamin fragment and FHL2 are present in the nucleus only in CRPC and not benign prostate tissue or localized prostate cancer. Thus, our work provides mechanistic insight into the enhanced AR activation, most notably of the recently identified AR variants, including AR-V7 that drives CRPC progression. Furthermore, our results identify the first disease-specific mechanism for deregulation of FHL2 nuclear localization during cancer progression. These results offer general import beyond prostate cancer, given that nuclear FHL2 is characteristic of other human cancers where oncogenic transcription factors that drive disease are activated like the AR in prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 73(16); 5066–79. ©2013 AACR.
FOXL1, a Novel Candidate Tumor Suppressor, Inhibits Tumor Aggressiveness and Predicts Outcome in Human Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zhang Geng , He Peijun , Gaedcke Jochen , Ghadimi B. Michael , Ried Thomas , Yfantis Harris G. , Lee Dong H. , Hanna Nader , Alexander H. Richard , Hussain S. Perwez 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The forkhead box L1 (FOXL1) transcription factor regulates epithelial proliferation and development of gastrointestinal tract and has been implicated in gastrointestinal tumorigenesis in mouse models. However, the role of FOXL1 in pancreatic cancer development and progression remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that higher expression of FOXL1 is significantly associated with better clinical outcome in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A lower FOXL1 expression is correlated with metastasis and advanced pathologic stage of pancreatic cancer. Mechanistic analyses showed that overexpression of FOXL1 induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells, whereas silencing of FOXL1 by siRNA inhibits apoptosis and enhances tumor cell growth and invasion. Furthermore, FOXL1 overexpression significantly suppressed the growth of tumor xenografts in nude mice. FOXL1 promoted apoptosis partly through the induction of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, FOXL1 suppressed the transcription of zinc finger E-box–binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), an activator of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and the negative regulation of ZEB1 contributed to the inhibitory effect of FOXL1 on tumor cell invasion. Taken together, our findings suggest that FOXL1 expression is a candidate predictor of clinical outcome in patients with resected PDAC and it plays an inhibitory role in pancreatic tumor progression. Cancer Res; 73(17); 5416–25. ©2013 AACR.