bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of solvent properties on the performance of polysulfone/β‐cyclodextrin polyurethane mixed‐matrix membranes
Authors: Adams Feyisayo V. , Nxumalo Edward N. , Krause Rui W. M. , Hoek Eric M. V. , Mamba Bhekie B. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effect of solvent properties on the structural morphology and permeation properties of polysulfone/β‐cyclodextrin polyurethane (PSf/β‐CDPU) mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs). The membranes were prepared by a modified phase‐inversion route using four different casting solvents [dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl acetamide (DMA), and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP)]. While DMSO‐based membranes demonstrated particularly high permeability (ca 147 L/m2h.bar), their crystallinity was low compared to MMMs prepared using DMA, DMF and NMP due to the formation of thin active layers on their surfaces. Cross‐sectional morphology revealed that the MMMs have a dense top skin with finger‐like inner pore structures. Membranes prepared using NMP displayed the highest hydrophilicity, porosity, and crystallinity due to the low volatility of NMP; DMF membranes exhibited superior mechanical and thermal stability due to its (DMF) high hydrogen bonding (δH) values. Thus, the morphological parameters, bulk porosity, and flux performance of MMMs have a significant inter‐relationship with the solubility properties of each solvent (i.e., δH, density, volatility, solubility parameter). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2005–2014, 2013
Study on the poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate)‐based nanocomposites reinforced by surface modified nanocrystalline cellulose
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhu Changjiang , Shan Xueying , Xia Jing , Zhu Qing , Hu Yuan 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTAs a kind of reinforcing agent, the application of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is widely limited in hydrophobic polymers owing to its rich hydroxyl surface. In this study, NCC was modified with lauric acid/p‐toluensulfonyl chloride mixture, then the modified nanocrystalline cellulose (mNCC) was incorporated into biopolyester poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P(3,4)HB) by solution casting to prepare P(3,4)HB/mNCC nanocomposites. The prepared mNCC and P(3,4)HB/mNCC nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform‐infrared, X‐ray diffraction, contact angle test, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetric, polarized optical microscope, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the crystallinity and mechanical properties of P(3,4)HB are greatly improved due to the fact that NCC can be modified successfully and the mNCC can distribute uniformly in nanoscale in the matrix with good compatibility along the interface. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2015–2022, 2013
Synthesis and properties of hybrid urethane polymers containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane crosslinker
Authors: Prządka Dawid , Jęczalik Jerzy , Andrzejewska Ewa , Dutkiewicz Michał 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe synthesis and properties of novel hybrid silsesquioxane‐containing urethane polymers using octakis(hydroxypropyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane (OHPOSS) as a crosslinker and a hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene were studied. Mixing of the OHPOSS with polyurethane prepolymer and chain extenders in solution was found to be successful when tetrahydrofuran was used as the solvent. Thin films of hybrid polyurethanes were obtained. The hybrid materials were elastomers with improved water and solvent resistivity and good thermal stability. The studied OHPOSS appeared to be an effective crosslinker of polyurethanes suitable for, for example, surface coatings applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2023–2030, 2013
Synergistic effect of aluminum hydroxide and nanoclay on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of EPDM composites
Authors: Yen Ynh‐Yue , Wang Hsin‐Ta , Guo Wen‐Jen 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe composites based on ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber (EPDM) with aluminum hydroxide (ATH), nanoclay, vulcanizing agent, and curing accelerator were prepared by conventional mill compounding method. The thermal stability and the flame retardant properties were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 test, cone calorimeter, and smoke density chamber tests. The results indicated that the substitution of the nanoclay in the EPDM/ATH composites increased the 50% weight loss temperature and the LOI value, and reduced the peak heat release rate (pk‐HRR), the extinction coefficient (Ext Coef), the maximal smoke density (Dm), and the whole smoke at the first 4 min (VOF4) of the test specimens. The synergistic flame retardancy of the nanoclay with ATH in EPDM matrix could imply that the formation of a reinforced char/nanoclay layer during combustion prevents the diffusion of the oxygen and the decomposed organic volatiles in the flame. The mechanical properties of the composites have been increased by replacing more of the nanoclays into the EPDM/ATH blends. The best loading of the nanoclay in EPDM/ATH composites is 3 wt %, which keeps LOI in the enough value, the V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 test, and the improved mechanical properties with better dispersion and exfoliation of the nanoclays shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2042–2048, 2013
Polymeric humidity sensors with nonlinear response: Properties and mechanism investigation
Authors: Fei Teng , Zhao Hongran , Jiang Kai , Zhou Xing , Zhang Tong 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTA class of humidity sensors with switching property based on several hydrophilic polymers [poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)] were researched. These polymers were selected as the sensing materials because the polar groups in the molecules (amide, hydroxyl, and ether bond) could interact with water molecules. The sensors all show nonlinear response to relative humidity (RH) under AC voltage. The impedances of the sensors remain almost unchanged at low RH and decrease sharply at certain humidity (about 75, 65, and 55% RH for PVP, PVA, and HEC sensors, respectively). The switching points and sensitivities of the sensors could be adjusted by changing the operating frequency, polymer blending, or doping with hydrophilic materials. The complex impedances of the sensors demonstrate that the electronic contribution is dominant at low RH, and the ions make a significant contribution for increasing RH levels. The different sensing properties of the polymers are attributed to their different hydrophilic properties and ionic contributions at high RH. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2056–2061, 2013
Critical parameters to determine mean bubble size of generated foams from a foam generator
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Uk , Park Byung Hyun , Lee Myong‐Hwa 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe filtration performance of filter media fabricated by foam coating technology is highly dependent upon their pore sizes. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the mixing ratio of combined coating components (PTFE emulsion, a foam stabilizer, a foaming agent, and a thickener) and operating parameters (feed rate of coating solution, air flow rate, mixing speed, and cooling temperature) on the bubble size distribution of generated foams in a foam generator. The mean bubble size and bubble size distributions were observed through microscopic observations with an optical microscope. We found that viscosity was the most critical parameter in preparing a coating solution, and the entire series of operating parameters as mentioned above influenced the bubble size in a foamed solution. The bubble size decreased with an increasing ratio of thickening agent up to 1.8%, mixing speed, and with decreasing solution feed rate, and cooling temperature. Furthermore, we had a minimum bubble size for the condition of air flow rate at 200 mL/min. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2062–2067, 2013
Physical, mechanical, and transdermal diltiazem release analysis of nanosilica tailored various poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes
Authors: Bhunia Tridib , Giri Arindam , Nasim Tanbir , Chattopadhyay Dipankar , Bandyopadhyay Abhijit 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTHybrid membranes based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) of widely different molecular weights and ex situ nanosilica were synthesized and characterized as transdermal delivery device for Diltiazem hydrochloride. Investigations showed that change in PVA molecular weight strongly influenced physico‐mechanicals of the hybrids especially at low nanosilica content than at higher levels. As for example at 1 wt %, low molecular weight PVA induced finer dispersion of silica nanoparticles resulting into higher dry state crystallinity and mechanical strength but slightly lower biocompatibility as compared to high molecular weight PVA. Those variations in physico‐mechanicals finally affected Diltiazem retention and its elution from those membranes under physiological conditions. Low molecular weight PVA produced highest drug retention as well as slowest yet steady release than both high molecular weight PVA and neat PVA membranes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2076–2086, 2013
Adaptive Lipschitz Observer Design for a Mammalian Model
Authors: Ton That Long , Ding Zhengtao 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper deals with observer designs for a proposed mathematical model of circadian rhythms which exist in almost every living organism. A 7th order model for mammalian circadian rhythms which captures the main dynamic features is considered in this paper. A recent result of one‐sided Lipschitz observer design in the literature is applied to this mammalian model to show a possibility of reducing measurements for circadian models in system biology. The mammalian model presented may contain an uncertainty parameter. An adaptive design of the Lipschitz observer is then applied to deal with this case. Besides detailed designs of both observers, detailed analysis is also performed for nonlinear functions in the mammalian model to show that the Lipschitz observers can indeed be applied. Several simulation studies of the proposed observers are carried out with the results shown in this paper.
Reconfigurable Synchronization Control of Networked Euler‐Lagrange Systems with Switching Communication Topologies
Authors: Mehrabian A. R. , Khorasani K. , Tafazoli S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a methodology is proposed for the design of reconfigurable control of networked heterogeneous Euler‐Lagrange systems subject to actuator faults. It is assumed that the underlying communication network topology is switching. We consider two types of actuator faults, namely: (i) additive, and (ii) loss of effectiveness. By modifying the originally designed “nominal” control algorithm developed for state synchronization of the healthy system, two reconfigurable control algorithms are developed for ensuring state synchronization in the presence of faults. Extensions of these results to velocity synchronization of networked Euler‐Lagrange systems subject to two actuator faults are also provided. It is shown that state and velocity synchronization can be achieved for switchings among a family of connected communication topologies as well as for switchings among nominal controllers to reconfigured controllers and vice versa. Simulation results for a network of surface marine vehicles demonstrate the effectiveness and capabilities of our proposed reconfigurable control algorithms.
Development and validation of a LC‐MS/MS method for the in vitro analysis of 1‐hydroxymidazolam in human liver microsomes: application for determining CYP3A4 inhibition in complex matrix mixtures
Authors: Mooiman K. D. , Maas‐Bakker R. F. , Rosing H. , Beijnen J. H. , Schellens J. H. M. , Meijerman I. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTComplementary and alternative medicines (CAM) can affect the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs by interacting with the metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. To evaluate changes in the activity of CYP3A4 in patients, levels of 1‐hydroxymidazolam in plasma are often determined with liquid chromatography–quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). However, validated LC‐MS/MS methods to determine in vitro CYP3A4 inhibition in human liver microsomes are scarce and not optimized for evaluating CYP3A4 inhibition by CAM. The latter is necessary because CAM are often complex mixtures of numerous compounds that can interfere with the selective measurement of 1‐hydroxymidazolam. Therefore, the aim was to validate and optimize an LC‐MS/MS method for the adequate determination of CYP3A4 inhibition by CAM in human liver microsomes. After incubation of human liver microsomes with midazolam, liquid–liquid extraction with tert‐butyl methyl ether was applied and dried samples were reconstituted in 50% methanol. These samples were injected onto a reversed‐phase chromatography consisting of a Zorbax Extend‐C18 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 5.0 µm particle size), connected to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. The described LC‐MS/MS method was validated over linear range of 1.0–500 nm for 1‐hydroxymidazolam. The results revealed good inter‐assay accuracy (≥85% and ≤115%) and within‐day and between‐day precisions (coefficient of variation ≤ 4.43%). Furthermore, the applicability of this assay for the determination of CYP3A4 inhibition in complex matrix mixtures was successfully demonstrated in an in vitro experiment in which CYP3A4 inhibition by known CAM (β‐carotene, green tea, milk thistle and St. John's wort) was determined. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatiotemporal coupling with the 3D+t motion Laplacian
Authors: Le Naour T. , Courty N. , Gibet S. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTMotion editing requires the preservation of spatial and temporal information of the motion. During editing, this information should be preserved at best. We propose a new representation of the motion based on the Laplacian expression of a 3D+t graph: the set of connected graphs given by the skeleton over time. Through this Laplacian representation of the motion, we propose an application that allows an easy and interactive editing, correction, or retargeting of a motion. The new created motion is the result of the combination of two minimizations, linear and non‐linear: the first penalizes the difference of energy between the Laplacian coordinates from an animation to the desired one. The other one preserves the length of segments. Using several examples, we demonstrate the benefits of our method and in particularly the preservation of the spatiotemporal properties of the motion in an interactive context. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactive scenario generation for mission‐based virtual training
Authors: Luo Linbo , Yin Haiyan , Cai Wentong , Lees Michael , Zhou Suiping 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTFor a virtual training system, how to effectively and quickly generate training scenarios has become a challenging issue. A scenario generation system is needed to produce scenarios that can meet different objectives and at the same time be customized for individuals. In this paper, we introduce a scenario generation framework for mission‐based virtual training, which aims to generate scenarios from both trainer and trainee's perspective. The framework allows a trainer to direct the scenario generation process, so that the generated scenarios reflect the trainer's preferences over different mission objectives. It also considers how the scenarios could adapt to different trainees’ skill levels. The representation of scenario beat is proposed, and the scenario generation process adopts a combinatorial optimization approach generating the sequence of scenario beats. The efficacy of the proposed framework is demonstrated through an empirical study of human players in a simple food distribution mission game. The results show that a trainee can achieve better performance improvement when playing the customized scenarios tailored to the trainee's skill level as compared with the uncustomized scenarios. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selectively Fluorescent Sensing Behavior of Phenylaza‐15‐crown‐5‐triazolyl Coumarin for Hg2+ and Fe3+ in Alcohol and Aqueous Media Respectively
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Wang Hui , Zhang Hengyi , Liu Yu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA π‐conjugated phenylaza‐15‐crown‐5‐triazol‐substituted coumarin fluoroionophore 1 was synthesized by copper(I)‐catalyzed Huisgen alkyne‐azide 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC "click" reaction). 1 can display selective fluorescence enhancement toward Fe3+ over Hg2+, Cr3+ and the other metal ions in aqueous solution. In sharp contrast, the fluorescence behavior between Fe3+ and Hg2+ is completely reversed in EtOH. That is, Hg2+ gives the largest fluorescence enhancement over Cr3+, Fe3+ and the other metal ions.
New Crystalline Forms of Mebendazole with n‐Alkyl Carboxylic Acids: Neutral and Ionic Status
Authors: Chen Jiamei , Lu Tongbu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractStructural information on the crystalline forms of mebendazole, an anti‐parasitic drug, is limited, although three polymorphic forms of this drug have been reported. The present work investigates the structures and properties of different crystalline forms of mebendazole with a series of n‐alkyl carboxylic acids, including trifluroacetic acid (1), formic acid (2), acetic acid (3), propanoic acid (4), butanoic acid (5), valeric acid (6) and hexanoic acid (7). These compounds were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectra, as well as powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The R22(8) structural motif was detected in all the seven products, which was formed by a pair of NH···O/OH···N hydrogen bonds between mebendazole and carboxylic acid. Forms 3–7 were found to be neutral solvate, while in forms 1 and 2, proton transfer was observed from carboxylic acid to mebendazole.
Twisted Helical Microfibers by Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of an Aromatic Oligoamide Foldamer
Authors: Gan Quan , Wang Ying , Jiang Hua 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA series of aromatic oligoamide foldamers based on 8‐fluoro amino‐quinoline carboxyl acid have been synthesized and characterized. Studies show that these foldamers self‐assemble to form well‐defined twisted helical microfibers in chloroform‐methanol (1:1, V/V) binary solvent due to the intermolecular π‐π stacking and van der Waals forces of aliphatic chains, which are supported by SEM, TEM and XRD. It is also revealed that the assembly morphologies show strong dependence on the length of alkyl chains.
Conjugated Porous Networks Based on Cyclotriveratrylene Building Block for Hydrogen Adsorption
Authors: Han Xiaona , Li Lei , Huang Zhitang , Liu Junmin , Zheng Qiyu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMacrocyclic CTV‐Br3 reacted with the linear benzene‐1,4‐diboronic acid and 1,4‐diethynylbenzene via Suzuki and Sonogashira‐Hagihara coupling reactions producing the rigid porous materials CTV‐CMP‐1 and CTV‐CMP‐2. The porous materials have good thermal and chemical stability. The Brunauer‐Emmet‐Teller specific surface areas of CTV‐CMP‐1 and CTV‐CMP‐2 are 314 and 218 cm2·g−1, respectively. Physical properties of the porous materials were investigated, CTV‐CMP‐1 showed moderate hydrogen adsorption about 0.81 wt% at 1.13 bar while CTV‐CMP‐2 showed lower hydrogen adsorption about 0.51 wt%. These materials are analogs to activated carbons which could be potentially used in gas separation and organic compound adsorption.
Endosalpingiosis in peritoneal washings in women with benign gynecologic conditions
Authors: Sneige Nour , Dawlett Marilyn A. , Kologinczak Teresa L. , Guo Ming 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUNDTo better define the cytomorphologic spectrum of endosalpingiosis in peritoneal washings (PWs) and thereby facilitate their distinction from well differentiated serous carcinoma, the authors examined PWs from women who underwent surgery and pathologic staging of lesions other than Mullerian malignancies and correlated the findings with surgical specimens.METHODSThis was a retrospective review of medical records and PW specimens from 100 consecutive patients who had PWs coded as both “endosalpingiosis” and “negative for carcinoma” between 2002 and 2012. Thirty‐eight of these patients had no gynecologic malignancies. Specimens had been prepared using cytocentrifugation and were stained using the Papanicolaou method. The cytologic findings evaluated were cell arrangement, number of cell groups per case, cellular atypia, and psammoma bodies. Smears also were assessed for paired box‐8 (PAX8) immunostaining. The authors compared patients' staging biopsy findings with the findings from a review of the PWs.RESULTSPW specimens from 35 of 38 patients (92%) exhibited classic endosalpingiosis features: tubular or small branching papillary structures, some with psammoma bodies. Specimens from the 3 remaining patients displayed nonclassic features consistent with dislodged fallopian tube epithelium or endometriosis. From 2 to 20 clusters per slide and from 4 to 50 groups per case were identified. In a few cases, some cell clusters exhibited up to moderate cytologic atypia. Surgical findings included endometriosis, endosalpingiosis, both endometriosis and endosalpingiosis (12 patients; 31.6%), and a variety of unrelated pelvic lesions. All cases were PAX8‐positive, confirming their Mullerian origin.CONCLUSIONSEndosalpingiosis in PWs can be diagnostically challenging. Awareness of intraoperative techniques and correlation with surgical biopsy findings are necessary to avoid a misdiagnosis of malignancy. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:582–590. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Pharmacokinetics of Teneligliptin in Subjects With Renal Impairment
Authors: Halabi Atef , Maatouk Haidar , Siegler Karl Ernst , Faisst Nadja , Lufft Volkmar , Klause Norbert 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of teneligliptin was compared in renally impaired and healthy subjects. Subjects were assigned to one of four groups of eight subjects, according to the stage of disease [mild, moderate, severe or end stage renal disease (ESRD)], while matched healthy subjects were allocated to one of two reference groups. Mild, moderate and severe renal impairment had no effect on maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) following a single oral dose of 20 mg teneligliptin, as defined in the FDA guideline. AUC0–∞ was increased in all groups relative to the reference group but this was unrelated to the degree of renal impairment. Mean plasma protein binding was <80% in all groups. Overall, teneligliptin was well tolerated by subjects with renal impairment or ESRD. Dialysis is not expected to affect the efficacy or safety of teneligliptin. These results indicate that dose adjustment may not be needed when teneligliptin is administered to subjects with mild, moderate or severe renal impairment or ESRD.