bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heparin pretreatment in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Costa Gonçalo , Resende Bernardo , Oliveiros Bárbara , Gonçalves Lino , Teixeira Rogério 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is frequently administered before percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Current guidelines, however, do not provide clear recommendations for UFH pretreatment before arrival at the coronary catheterization laboratory.

Methods
Between June and July 2023, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies comparing UFH pretreatments in patients with STEMI. A random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were performed.

Results
Fourteen studies were included, of which four were randomized clinical trials. A total of 76 446 patients were included: 31 238 in the pretreatment group and 39 208 in the control group. Our meta-analysis revealed lower all-cause mortality for the pretreatment strategy when compared with the control group, albeit with high heterogeneity [pooled odds ratio (OR) = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49–0.76, P < 0.01; I
2 = 77%]; lower in-hospital cardiogenic shock (pooled OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.58–0.78, P < 0.21; I
2 = 27%) and a higher rate of spontaneous reperfusion events (pooled OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.47–1.91, P < 0.01; I
2 = 79%). In terms of major bleeding, the UFH pretreatment strategy further revealed a decreased rate of events (pooled OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73–0.99, P = 0.40; I
2 = 4%).

Conclusion
Our study suggests that UFH pretreatment in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with reduced all-cause mortality, cardiogenic shock, enhancing reperfusion rates while diminishing major bleeding events.
Exploring the role of dreams: insights from recent studies
Authors: Scarpelli Serena , Alfonsi Valentina , De Gennaro Luigi 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
Dreaming has only recently become a topic of scientific research. This review updates current findings on dream studies, emphasizing recent research on the neural mechanisms of dreaming. Additionally, it summarizes new evidence on the functional role of dreams, including insights from studies on dreams and nightmares during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Recent findings
Recent advances on the neural basis of mental activity during sleep have shifted towards dream-related phenomena, such as dream experiences in relation to parasomnias and hypnagogic hallucinations. Although some findings are consistent with the main models explaining dream recall (i.e., continuity hypothesis; activation hypothesis), some results contrast with the role of parieto-occipital region in dream experience. Moreover, recent findings – related to COVID-19 pandemic – underlined that dream experiences could express emotion regulation processes as well as provide a simulation of reality to prepare for future dangerous or social interactions.

Summary
Overall, we highlighted the intricate interplay between brain regions in dreaming and suggest that dreams serve multiple functions, from reflecting waking-life experiences to simulating adaptive responses to threats. Understanding the neural bases and functions of dreaming can provide valuable insights into human mental health, nevertheless, further research is needed.
Prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in postoperative recurrence of retroperitoneal liposarcoma: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Lang Juntao , Liu Wenshuai , Liu Guobing , Liu Siwei , Zhang Yiqiu 
Published: August 2024

Objective
Recurrence is the leading cause of tumor-related death in retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLPS). Variant subtypes of RPLPS determine different recurrence 18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (PET/CT). This study analyzed the characteristics of different histologic subtypes of 18F-FDG PET/CT and their associations with recurrence and prognosis.

Methods
Clinical-pathological information, 18F-FDG PET/CT data, recurrence, and progression-free survivals (PFS) of 83 patients with RPLPS were collected. Maximum and peak standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVpeak, respectively) and mean CT value (CTmean) of tumors were measured and correlated with histologic subtype. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to analyze the predictability for subtype and recurrence. Kaplan-Meier analysis examined SUVmax and SUVpeak as recurrence risk factors.

Results
Studied patients with different types of liposarcomas. Dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLPS) had higher SUVmax and SUVpeak than well-differentiated (WDLPS) and myxoid/round cell (MLPS) types. WDLPS had lower CTmean values compared to MLPS and DDLPS. Using ROC curves, determined cut-off values for SUVmax (5.1) to differentiate DDLPS, SUVpeak (3.0) for WDLPS, and CTmean (12.3 Hu) for WDLPS. These cut-offs were found to be best for predicting recurrence. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that histologic subtype, SUVmax, and SUVpeak were all linked to recurrence-free survival.

Conclusions
The use of SUV and CT features on 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging may increase confidence in subtype diagnosis. Patients with SUVmax > 5.1 or SUVpeak > 3.0 suggest a poor prognosis.
Impact of Preoperative Time Intervals for Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy on Short-term Postoperative Outcomes of Esophageal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Wang Jingpu , de Jongh Cas , Wu Zhouqiao , de Groot Eline M. , Challine Alexandre , Markar Sheraz R. , Brenkman Hylke J.F. , Ruurda Jelle P. , van Hillegersberg Richard ,   on behalf of the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit (DUCA) group
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To clarify the impact of the preoperative time intervals on short-term postoperative and pathologic outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by esophagectomy.

Background:
The impact of preoperative intervals on patients with esophageal cancer who received multimodality treatment remains unknown.

Methods:
Patients (cT1-4aN0-3M0) treated with nCRT plus esophagectomy were included using the Dutch national DUCA database. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the effect of different time intervals upon short-term postoperative and pathologic outcomes: diagnosis-to-nCRT intervals (≤5, 5–8, and 8–12 weeks), nCRT-to-surgery intervals (5–11, 11–17, and >17 weeks) and total preoperative intervals (≤16, 16–25, and >25 weeks).

Results:
Between 2010 and 2021, a total of 5052 patients were included. Compared with diagnosis-to-nCRT interval ≤5 weeks, the interval of 8 to 12 weeks was associated with a higher risk of overall complications (P=0.049). Compared with nCRT-to-surgery interval of 5 to 11 weeks, the longer intervals (11–17 and >17 weeks) were associated with a higher risk of overall complications (P=0.016; P<0.001) and anastomotic leakage (P=0.004; P=0.030), but the interval >17 weeks was associated with lower risk of ypN+ (P=0.021). The longer total preoperative intervals were not associated with the risk of 30-day mortality and complications compared with the interval ≤16 weeks, but the longer total preoperative interval (>25 weeks) was associated with higher ypT stage (P=0.010) and lower pathologic complete response rate (P=0.013).

Conclusions:
In patients with esophageal cancer undergoing nCRT and esophagectomy, prolonged preoperative time intervals may lead to higher morbidity and disease progression, and the causal relationship requires further confirmation.
Behaviour settings, situated action and complexity theory
Authors: Heft Harry 
Published: August 2024

In spite of the fact that Roger Barker’s groundbreaking research was acclaimed sixty years ago by his contemporaries, it has all been but forgotten among recent generations of psychologists. However, in the wake of developments in dynamical systems and complexity theory, its value for understanding psychological processes in everyday life should be recognized anew. Barker’s naturalistic studies of children’s daily behaviours in their community revealed that their actions which initially seemed only marginally predictable at the level of individual interaction were, in fact, reliably context-dependent. These results led to the discovery that there are nested structures operating in human habitats as there are throughout the natural world. Barker’s discovery of emergent eco-psychological structures, behaviour settings, that are generated from interdependent actions among individuals in the course of everyday life has yet to be fully appreciated because of the continuing dominance of linear, mechanistic models. His recognition of nested systems operating in human habitats is finally coming into its own with the current metatheoretical shift in psychology embracing dynamical models. Additionally, new understanding arises from the consideration of convergent individual developmental histories of situated action and their role in maintaining the historical dimensions of behaviour settings.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘People, places, things and communities: expanding behaviour settings theory in the twenty-first century’.
Behaviour setting transformation methodology, filling in the gaps of the conventional architectural design process
Authors: Awamleh Zaid 
Published: August 2024

This article recounts 6 years of empirical research in a humanitarian context on spatial behaviour using the behaviour settings theory. This research journey details the shortcomings of conventional architectural processes and the subsequent development of a human-centred behaviour setting methodology that drives behaviour change for adaptable spaces. The research work puts Barker’s theory of behaviour settings into practice to show its significant methodological abilities in shaping behaviours through spaces. While the original theory was solely an analytical account of existing behaviours in certain settings, this study marks the first pragmatic exploration of the theory into both residential and refugee contexts. The methodology that is subsequently proposed is a complementary tool to account for the deficiencies of conventional architectural design processes. A method that enables one to fully immerse themselves in the environment, recognize specific architectural interventions, assess their effects and reiterate. It is a proposal for humanizing architecture, sympathizing its processes and personalizing its results for the users of any space.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘People, places, things, and communities: expanding behaviour settings theory in the twenty-first century’.
Structures of human PTP1B variants reveal allosteric sites to target for weight loss therapy
Authors: Perdikari Aliki , Woods Virgil A. , Ebrahim Ali , Lawler Katherine , Bounds Rebecca , Singh Nathanael I. , Mehlman Tamar (Skaist) , Riley Blake T. , Sharma Shivani , Morris Jackson W. , Keogh Julia M. , Henning Elana , Smith Miriam , Farooqi I. Sadaf , Keedy Daniel A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProtein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of leptin signaling whose disruption protects against diet-induced obesity in mice. We investigated whether structural characterization of human PTP1B variant proteins might reveal precise mechanisms to target for weight loss therapy. We selected 12 rare variants for functional characterization from exomes from 997 people with persistent thinness and 200,000 people from UK Biobank. Seven of 12 variants impaired PTP1B function by increasing leptin-stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation in cells. Using room-temperature X-ray crystallography, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and computational modeling, we determined that human variants modulate the 3-dimensional structure of PTP1B through distinct allosteric conduits that energetically link distal, highly ligandable structural regions to the active site. These studies inform the design of allosteric PTP1B inhibitors for the treatment of obesity.
Shared Neural Dynamics of Facial Expression Processing
Authors: Ely Madeline Molly , Ambrus Géza Gergely 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ability to recognize and interpret facial expressions is fundamental to human social cognition, enabling navigation of complex interpersonal interactions and understanding of others’ emotional states. The extent to which neural patterns associated with facial expression processing are shared between observers remains unexplored, and no study has yet examined the neural dynamics specific to different emotional expressions. Additionally, the neural processing dynamics of facial attributes such as sex and identity in relation to facial expressions have not been thoroughly investigated.In this study, we investigated the shared neural dynamics of emotional face processing using an explicit facial emotion recognition task, where participants made two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) decisions on the displayed emotion. Our data-driven approach employed cross-participant multivariate classification and representational dissimilarity analysis on EEG data. The results demonstrate that EEG signals can effectively decode the sex, emotional expression, and identity of face stimuli across different stimuli and participants, indicating shared neural codes for facial expression processing.Multivariate classification analyses revealed that sex is decoded first, followed by identity, and then emotion. Emotional expressions (angry, happy, sad) were decoded earlier when contrasted with neutral expressions. While identity and sex information were modulated by image-level stimulus features, the effects of emotion were independent of visual image properties. Importantly, our findings suggest enhanced processing of face identity and sex for emotional expressions, particularly for angry faces and, to a lesser extent, happy faces.
From solo to collaborative: the global increase in neuroscience authors over two decades
Authors: Segreti Mariella , Paul Ann , Pani Pierpaolo , Genovesio Aldo , Brunamonti Emiliano 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe increase in the number of authors per article is a well-documented phenomenon across various academic disciplines. While prior studies have examined this trend in specific fields and countries, they in most cases did not compare the increase in the number of authors between countries. While it has previously shown that the number of authors in neuroscience publications has risen in the G10 countries, no study has yet addressed whether it reflects a global trend in the field. To address this gap, we quantified the global trend in the number of authors in neuroscience publications from 2001 to 2022.Our findings reveal a consistent increase in authorship across nearly all the countries examined. Italy ranks highest in terms of average authorship per article, while Ukraine ranks the lowest. On the other hand, China shows the largest increase in authorship over the years, followed by Norway and Egypt. South Korea is the only country showing a slight decreasing trend rather than growth. These results contribute to a better understanding of authorship patterns in neuroscience, and can stimulate further investigations on the reasons behind such an increase in terms of socio-economic factors, the need for collaborative efforts in some fields, or, on the negative side, the effect of utilitarian reasons to meet career evaluation criteria.
Identifying Causal Relations between Gut Microbiome, Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and the Novel Mediators of Blood Metabolites
Authors: Yi Xinghao , Zhu Haoxue , He Mengyu , Zhong Ling , Gao Shan , Li Ming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundResearch has established connection between gut microbiome and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, the causal relationships and the roles of potential mediating factors, such as blood metabolites, remain unclear.MethodsWe conducted a bidirectional and mediation Mendelian randomization (MR) study using the genome-wide summary statistics of gut microbial taxa (Dutch Microbiome Project, n = 7,738), blood lipids (UK Biobank, n =8,299), and the largest MAFLD GWAS data (1,483 cases and 17,781 controls). We used the inverse-variance weighted estimation method as our primary approach. The multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) and two-step MR approaches were used to prioritize the most likely causal metabolites as mediators. Additionally, we conducted linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analyses to assess genetic correlations, and downstream gene-based analyses to investigate the shared biological mechanism.ResultsBy testing the causal effects of 205 bacterial pathways and 207 taxa on MAFLD, we identified 5 microbial taxa causally associated with MAFLD, notably the species Parabacteroides merdae (OR [95%CI] = 1.191[1.022-1.388],p= 0.025). Among 1,399 blood metabolites, 53 showed causal associations with MAFLD, with pregnenetriol sulfate identified as a mediator for genus Parabacteroides on MAFLD (proportion mediated = 16.30%). LDSC analysis also provided suggestive evidence for a potential genetic correlation between them (rg= 2.124,p=0.009).ConclusionsThe study suggested a novel causal relationship between gut microbial taxa and MAFLD, especially the genus Parabacteroides merdae and blood metabolite pregnenetriol sulfate might mediate this relationship.ImportanceOur study reveals novel insights into how the intersection of microorganisms living in the human gut, known as the gut microbiome, influences the development of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), a condition increasingly recognized as a major global health concern. By identifying specific gut microbiome taxa and metabolites that contribute to the onset and progression of MAFLD, our findings enhance comprehension of this prevalent condition and unveil promising prospects for its prevention and intervention. We discovered that certain gut bacteria can affect the levels of blood metabolites, which in turn impact the liver’s health. This work carries significant implications for novel strategies for MAFLD prevention and treatment, including interventions aimed at modifying the gut microbiome. Our research underscores the gut-liver connection and its implications for metabolic diseases, contributing to future therapeutic developments that could improve public health worldwide.Graphic abstract
Evolutionary rates of nuclear and organellar genomes are linked in land plants
Authors: Asar Yasmin , Sauquet Hervé , Ho Simon Y. W. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryPlants carry genetic material in three compartments, the nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast genomes. These genomes interact with each other to various degrees and are subject to shared evolutionary drivers exerted by their host organisms. However, it is not clear whether the three plant genomes display covarying evolutionary signals.We tested for correlated evolutionary rates between nuclear and organellar genomes using extensive data sets from the major clades of land plants (Embryophyta), including mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. To examine the evolutionary dynamics in parasitic angiosperms, which are under distinctive selective pressures, we analysed data sets from mistletoes, broomrapes, sandalwoods, and rafflesias.Evolutionary rates of nuclear and organellar genomes were positively linked in land plants, except in the parasitic angiosperms. We also found similar positive correlations for rates of nonsynonymous and synonymous change between nuclear and organellar genomes. Our results also reveal extensive evolutionary rate variation across land plant taxa.Overall, we find that nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast genomes in land plants share similar drivers of mutaNon rates, despite considerable variaNon in life history, morphology, and genome sizes among clades. Our findings lay the foundaNon for further exploraNon of the impact of co-evoluNonary interacNons on shared evoluNonary rates between genomes.
Predicting purification process fit of monoclonal antibodies using machine learning
Authors: Maier Andrew , Cha Minjeong , Burgess Sean , Wang Amy , Cuellar Carlos , Kim Soo , Rajan Neeraja Sundar , Neyyan Josephine , Sengupta Rituparna , O’Connor Kelly , Ott Nicole , Williams Ambrose 
Published: August 2024

0AbstractIn early stage development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, assessment of ease of purification process development typically requires extensive experimentation. However, upstream protein expression and downstream purification experiments are often in conflict with timeline pressures and material constraints, limiting the number of molecules and process conditions that can reasonably be assessed. Recently, high-throughput batch-binding screen data along with improved molecular descriptors have enabled development of robust quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models which predict monoclonal antibody chromatographic binding behavior from the amino acid sequence. This work describes a QSPR strategy forin silicomonoclonal antibody purification process fit assessment. Principal Component Analysis is applied to extract a one-dimensional basis for comparison of molecular chromatographic binding behavior from multi-dimensional high-throughput batch-binding screen data. Kernel Ridge Regression is employed to predict the first principal component for new molecular sequences. This workflow is demonstrated with a set of 97 monoclonal antibodies for five chromatography resins in two salt types across a range of pH and salt concentrations. Model development benchmarks four descriptor sets from biophysical structural models and protein language models. The investigation illustrates the value QSPR models can provide to purification process fit assessment, and selection of resins and operating conditions from sequence alone.