bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in hospital human tissue oversight in the United States between 2005 and 2011: results of a follow‐up AABB survey
Authors: Schlueter Annette J. , Whitaker Barbee I. , Gishta Roksolana , Malasky Jacquelyn , Josephson Cassandra D. ,   AABB Biovigilance Tissue Working Group
Published: May 2013

BackgroundIn 2005, The Joint Commission (TJC) implemented tissue storage and issuance standards for hospital oversight, which AABB assessed by survey. This follow‐up survey of AABB's membership, 6 years later, ascertained changes after TJC implementation of tissue standards.Study Design and MethodsAABB's Biovigilance Tissue Working Group conducted a Web‐based survey, distributed to 1069 hospital institutional members in June 2011. Human tissue types used, departmental responsibilities, and views of AABB involvement were queried.ResultsOf the 336 (31%) total respondents, 84% use allogeneic and/or autologous human tissue. Sixty‐one percent have stored tissue on consignment. As in 2005, the department of surgery most often had responsibility for tissue use, followed by the blood bank or transfusion service (BBTS). Overall, the BBTS had a smaller role in oversight of autologous tissue acquisition in 2011 versus 2005, but no change in level of responsibility for storage or issue of tissues. Hospitals reported the BBTS and combined blood and tissue services (CBTS) added responsibilities for storing and monitoring eye tissue and heart valves (p < 0.05) since 2005. The BBTS/CBTS increased their degree of responsibility for reporting suspected postimplant infection and other adverse reactions for musculoskeletal allografts (p < 0.01), eye tissue (p < 0.005), and eye tissue recipients recall notification (p < 0.05). The BBTS/CBTS have more responsibility than any other department for stem cell and cord blood management.ConclusionsIn this survey, AABB institutional members reported that BBTS are more involved than previously in the regulatory aspects of human tissue oversight and remain involved in many operational aspects of hospital tissue management.
The relationship between osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease in a population health survey: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rahman M Mushfiqur , Kopec Jacek A , Cibere Jolanda , Goldsmith Charlie H , Anis Aslam H 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesOur objective was to determine the relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and heart diseases (myocardial infarction (MI), angina, congestive heart failure (CHF)) and stroke using population-based survey data.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCanadian Community Health Survey (CCHS).ParticipantsAdult participants in the CCHS cycles 1.1, 2.1 and 3.1 were included. CCHS provides nationally representative data on health determinants, health status and health system utilisation. We have identified 40 817 self-reported OA subjects and selected 1:1 matched non-OA respondents by age, sex and CCHS cycles.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported heart disease was the primary outcome and MI, angina, CHF and stroke were considered as secondary outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the ORs after adjusting for sociodemographic status, obesity, physical activity, smoking status, fruit and vegetable consumption, medication use, diabetes, hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.ResultsThe mean age of OA cases was 66 years and 71.6% were women. OA exhibited increased odds of prevalent heart disease, and adjusted overall OR (95% CI) was 1.45 (1.36 to 1.54), 1.35 (1.21 to 1.50) among men and 1.51 (1.39 to 1.64) among women with OA. OA showed increased ORs for angina and CHF in both men and women, and for MI in women. ORs (95% CI) for men and women, respectively, were 1.08 (0.91 to 1.28) and 1.49 (1.28 to 1.75) for MI, 1.76 (1.43 to 2.17) and 1.84 (1.59 to 2.14) for angina, 1.50 (1.13 to 1.97) and 1.81 (1.49 to 2.21) for CHF, and 1.08 (0.83 to 1.40) and 1.13 (0.93 to 1.37) for stroke.ConclusionsPrevalent OA was associated with self-reported heart disease, particularly angina, and CHF in both men and women, after controlling for established risk factors for these conditions. This study provides a rationale for further investigation of the association between OA and heart disease in longitudinal studies for investigating possible biological and behavioural mechanisms.
A Dutch regional trauma registry: quality check of the registered data
Authors: Olthof D C , Luitse J S K , de Groot F M J , Goslings J C 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundQuality indicators have become increasingly important in the healthcare sector. Data from a trauma registry (TR) should be accurate and reliable as they are used to describe and evaluate (the quality of) trauma care.ObjectiveTo investigate the reliability of injury coding, injury severity scoring and survival status in a regional TR. The feasibility of the format that was developed for this study was also investigated.MethodsA random sample, without replacement, was taken from the TR of a Dutch regional trauma care network. All 343 patients in the sample were then recoded by another trauma registrar (rater). Reliability was expressed in the percentage agreement between the raters.ResultsIn the total study sample of 333 patients, the reliability of the number of Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) codes was substantial (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.70); and the reliability of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) (ICC=0.84) and survival status were ‘almost perfect’ (Cohen's κ=0.82). Both raters had given 129 patients one AIS code. The reliability of the body region of the AIS was ‘almost perfect’ (Cohen's κ=0.91); and the reliability of the severity of the injury and the ISS were ‘almost perfect’ (weighted κ=0.88 and ICC=0.90). The reliability of the ISS in the patients who were assigned at least two AIS codes (n=128) was ‘almost perfect’ (ICC=0.86). The reliability of the number of AIS codes and the number of body regions was ‘moderate’ (ICC=0.56 and Cohen's κ=0.52).ConclusionsThe reliability of injury coding in a regional trauma registry was ‘substantial’ and the reliability of the ISS and survival status was ‘almost perfect’. The format and design of this study were feasible and could be used to investigate the quality of (trauma) registries.
PI3K Pathway Dependencies in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Weigelt Britta , Warne Patricia H. , Lambros Maryou B. , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Downward Julian 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Endometrioid endometrial cancers (EEC) frequently harbor coexisting mutations in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway genes, including PTEN, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, and KRAS. We sought to define the genetic determinants of PI3K pathway inhibitor response in EEC cells, and whether PTEN-mutant EEC cell lines rely on p110β signaling for survival.
Experimental Design: Twenty-four human EEC cell lines were characterized for their mutation profile and activation state of PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway proteins. Cells were treated with pan-class I PI3K, p110α, and p110β isoform-specific, allosteric mTOR, mTOR kinase, dual PI3K/mTOR, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK), and RAF inhibitors. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to assess effects of KRAS silencing in EEC cells.
Results: EEC cell lines harboring PIK3CA and PTEN mutations were selectively sensitive to the pan-class I PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 and allosteric mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus, respectively. Subsets of EEC cells with concurrent PIK3CA and/or PTEN and KRAS mutations were sensitive to PI3K pathway inhibition, and only 2 of 6 KRAS-mutant cell lines showed response to MEK inhibition. KRAS RNAi silencing did not induce apoptosis in KRAS-mutant EEC cells. PTEN-mutant EEC cell lines were resistant to the p110β inhibitors GSK2636771 and AZD6482, and only in combination with the p110α selective inhibitor A66 was a decrease in cell viability observed.
Conclusions: Targeted pan-PI3K and mTOR inhibition in EEC cells may be most effective in PIK3CA- and PTEN-mutant tumors, respectively, even in a subset of EECs concurrently harboring KRAS mutations. Inhibition of p110β alone may not be sufficient to sensitize PTEN-mutant EEC cells and combination with other targeted agents may be required. Clin Cancer Res; 19(13); 3533–44. ©2013 AACR.
Bayesian Methods Affirm the Use of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention to Improve Survival in Patients With Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Bittl John A. , He Yulei , Jacobs Alice K. , Yancy Clyde W. , Normand Sharon-Lise T. 
Published: May 2013

Background—
Several randomized clinical trials support the use of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease. Studies suggesting the equivalence of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with CABG for this indication indirectly support the 2011 American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Class IIa recommendation for PCI to improve survival in patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease. We tested whether bayesian approaches uphold the new recommendation.

Methods and Results—
We performed a bayesian cross-design and network meta-analysis of 12 studies (4 randomized clinical trials and 8 observational studies) comparing CABG with PCI (n=4574 patients) and of 7 studies (2 randomized clinical trials and 5 observational studies) comparing CABG with medical therapy (n=3224 patients). The odds ratios of 1-year mortality after PCI compared with CABG using bayesian cross-design meta-analysis were not different among randomized clinical trials (odds ratio, 0.99; 95% bayesian credible interval, 0.67–1.43), matched cohort studies (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% bayesian credible interval, 0.76–1.73), and other types of cohort studies (odds ratio, 0.93; 95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58–1.35). A network meta-analysis suggested that medical therapy is associated with higher 1-year mortality than the use of PCI for patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease (odds ratio, 3.22; 95% bayesian credible interval, 1.96–5.30).

Conclusions—
Bayesian methods support the current guidelines, which were based on traditional statistical methods and have proposed that PCI, like CABG, improves survival for patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease compared with medical therapy. An integrated approach using both direct and indirect evidence may yield new insights to enhance the translation of clinical trial data into practice.
The Development Impact of a Best Practice Seasonal Worker Policy
Authors: Gibson John , McKenzie David 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Seasonal migration programs are widely used around the world, yet there is little evidence as to their development impacts. A multiyear prospective evaluation of New Zealand's Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) seasonal worker program allows us to measure the impact of participating in this program on households in Tonga and Vanuatu. Using a propensity-score prescreened difference-in-differences analysis based on surveys fielded before, during, and after participation, we find that the RSE has indeed had positive development impacts that dwarf those of other popular development interventions. It has increased income, consumption, and savings of households; durable goods ownership; and subjective standard of living. The results also suggest that child schooling improved in Tonga.
An Underestimated Aspect of Enki/Ea
Authors: Hurowitz† Avigdor 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The god Enki (Sumerian)/Ea (Akkadian) is central to Mesopotamian myth, ritual and scholarship but there is still disagreement as to precisely what he is the god of. He governs subterranean water, magic, and ‘wisdom’—but what kind of wisdom was it? A traditional argument in Assyriology claims that Enki is more trickster than sage; his knowledge has to do with craft and cunning, not ethics or rectitude. This essay analyzes important neglected associations of Enki with Mesopotamian wisdom literature, demonstrating parallels with ideals found in the biblical book of Proverbs. In these texts Enki is associated with the proper conduct of human life, making him not just crafty and cunning but wise.
The Prophet’s šārtum u sissiktum “Hair and Hem” and the Mantic Context of Prophetic Oracles at Mari
Authors: Lynch Matthew J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In this article I consider the strengths and weaknesses of theories regarding the mention of prophets’ šārtum u sissiktum (hair and hem) in prophetic texts from Mari. I suggest that royal correspondents sent along the prophets’ šārtum u sissiktum because they were part of the material locus of divine revelation, functioning as proxy omens. As such, they offered royal diviners an efficient and material means of cross-checking prophetic omens through extispicy-derived omens in order to discern divine directives for the security and success of the kingdom. Moreover, the šārtum u sissiktum constituted two data points within a larger divinatory system that discerned the divine will primarily through material and observable media.
‘The Gloves Came Off’: Torture and the United States after September 11, 2001
Authors: Zangeneh Parisa 
Published: May 2013

This article examines the use of ‘enhanced interrogation techniques’ in the context of international legal obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 1984 (CAT) and the domestic implementation of the international prohibition of torture into United States (US) law under 18 United States Code Sections 2340-2340A. The legal basis for the interrogation programme was a series of contentious legal memoranda written by Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel lawyers.1 This article examines whether the memo drafters ought to be investigated for incurring criminal liability for the consequences of their memoranda, namely under CAT and Sections 2340-2340A and what has unfolded under President Obama’s administration.
Variability of Warm Deep Water Inflow in a Submarine Trough on the Amundsen Sea Shelf
Authors: Wåhlin A. K. , Kalén O. , Arneborg L. , Björk G. , Carvajal G. K. , Ha H. K. , Kim T. W. , Lee S. H. , Lee J. H. , Stranne C. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea are thinning rapidly, and the main reason for their decline appears to be warm ocean currents circulating below the ice shelves and melting these from below. Ocean currents transport warm dense water onto the shelf, channeled by bathymetric troughs leading to the deep inner basins. A hydrographic mooring equipped with an upward-looking ADCP has been placed in one of these troughs on the central Amundsen shelf. The two years (2010/11) of mooring data are here used to characterize the inflow of warm deep water to the deep shelf basins. During both years, the warm layer thickness and temperature peaked in austral fall. The along-trough velocity is dominated by strong fluctuations that do not vary in the vertical. These fluctuations are correlated with the local wind, with eastward wind over the shelf and shelf break giving flow toward the ice shelves. In addition, there is a persistent flow of dense lower Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) toward the ice shelves in the bottom layer. This bottom-intensified flow appears to be driven by buoyancy forces rather than the shelfbreak wind. The years of 2010 and 2011 were characterized by a comparatively stationary Amundsen Sea low, and hence there were no strong eastward winds during winter that could drive an upwelling of warm water along the shelf break. Regardless of this, there was a persistent flow of lower CDW in the bottom layer during the two years. The average heat transport toward the ice shelves in the trough was estimated from the mooring data to be 0.95 TW.
Unilateral Cochlear Nerve Deficiency in Children
Authors: Clemmens Clarice S. , Guidi Jessica , Caroff Aviva , Cohn Samuel J. , Brant Jason A. , Laury Adrienne M. , Bilaniuk Larissa T. , Germiller John A. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveCochlear nerve deficiency (CND) is increasingly diagnosed in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). We sought to determine the prevalence of CND, its imaging characteristics, and correlations with audiologic phenotype in children with unilateral SNHL.DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary pediatric hospital.Subjects/MethodsIn 128 consecutive children with unilateral SNHL who underwent high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging, the diameters, area, and signal intensity of the cochlear nerve (CN) were measured and normalized to the ipsilateral facial nerve. Presence of CND was determined by comparison to normative data. Relationships among hearing loss severity, progression, and nerve size were investigated.ResultsCochlear nerve deficiency was present in 26% of children with unilateral SNHL. Its prevalence was higher (48%) in severe to profound SNHL, especially when in infants (100%). Width of the bony cochlear nerve canal (BCNC) correlated strongly with relative CN diameter, density, and area (R = 0.5); furthermore, a narrow BCNC (<1.7 mm) strongly predicted CND. Severity of hearing loss modestly correlated with nerve size, although significant variability was observed. Progression never occurred unless there were other inner ear malformations, whereas in the non‐CND group, it occurred in 22%. Ophthalmologic abnormalities were very common (67%) in CND children, particularly oculomotor disturbances.ConclusionCochlear nerve deficiency is a common cause of unilateral SNHL, particularly in congenital unilateral deafness. Width of the BCNC effectively predicts CND, a finding useful when only computed tomography imaging is available. In an ear with CND, hearing can be expected to remain stable over time. Diagnosis should prompt evaluation by an ophthalmologist.
Perioperative Strategies to Improve Sinus Surgery Outcomes in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Crockett David J. , Wilson Kevin F. , Meier Jeremy D. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesReview the literature for intraoperative techniques and postoperative practices after functional endoscopy sinus surgery (FESS) that may improve outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).Data SourcesPubMed and the Cochrane Library.Review MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed. Articles from 1990 to 2012 were searched using the terms sinus surgery and cystic fibrosis with studies limited to the English language and human subjects. Abstracts were reviewed to identify relevant original manuscripts. Bibliographies of relevant articles were examined to identify additional manuscripts.ResultsThe initial PubMed search identified 169 articles. One additional article was identified through the Cochrane Library. After reviewing the abstracts, 41 selected studies were examined in further detail, and 22 articles were ultimately selected for suitability for this review. The bibliographies of these articles were reviewed and no additional articles were identified. Perioperative strategies included postoperative medical therapies, intraoperative techniques and image guidance, intranasal corticosteroid injection, dornase alfa, gene therapy, and second‐look procedures. Most studies were limited to case series with relatively small numbers of patients. Very few randomized controlled studies were identified.ConclusionDespite the prevalence of recurrent sinonasal disease after FESS in patients with CF, evidence for definitive perioperative management in this population is lacking. Most recommendations are based on small case series. Multicenter studies to evaluate perioperative strategies that improve FESS outcomes in patients with CF are warranted.
Complex formation with nucleic acids and aptamers alters the antigenic properties of platelet factor 4
Authors: Jaax Miriam E. , Krauel Krystin , Marschall Thomas , Brandt Sven , Gansler Julia , Fürll Birgitt , Appel Bettina , Fischer Silvia , Block Stephan , Helm Christiane A. , Müller Sabine , Preissner Klaus T. , Greinacher Andreas 
Published: May 2013

Key PointsPF4 binds to nucleic acids and thereby exposes the epitope to which anti-PF4/heparin antibodies bind. PF4/aptamer complexes can induce an immune response resembling heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
Impact of genotype 1 and 2 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses on interferon-α responses by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Baumann Arnaud , Mateu Enric , Murtaugh Michael P , Summerfield Artur 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) infections are characterized by prolonged viremia and viral shedding consistent with incomplete immunity. Type I interferons (IFN) are essential for mounting efficient antiviral innate and adaptive immune responses, but in a recent study, North American PRRSV genotype 2 isolates did not induce, or even strongly inhibited, IFN-α in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), representing “professional IFN-α-producing cells”. Since inhibition of IFN-α expression might initiate PRRSV pathogenesis, we further characterized PRRSV effects and host modifying factors on IFN-α responses of pDC. Surprisingly, a variety of type 1 and type 2 PRRSV directly stimulated IFN-α secretion by pDC. The effect did not require live virus and was mediated through the TLR7 pathway. Furthermore, both IFN-γ and IL-4 significantly enhanced the pDC production of IFN-α in response to PRRSV exposure. PRRSV inhibition of IFN-α responses from enriched pDC stimulated by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides was weak or absent. VR-2332, the prototype genotype 2 PRRSV, only suppressed the responses by 34%, and the highest level of suppression (51%) was induced by a Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV isolate. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that pDC respond to PRRSV and suggest that suppressive activities on pDC, if any, are moderate and strain-dependent. Thus, pDC may be a source of systemic IFN-α responses reported in PRRSV-infected animals, further contributing to the puzzling immunopathogenesis of PRRS.
Differential transcript isoform usage pre- and post-zygotic genome activation in zebrafish
Authors: Aanes Håvard , Østrup Olga , Andersen Ingrid S , Moen Lars F , Mathavan Sinnakaruppan , Collas Philippe , Alestrom Peter 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundZebrafish embryos are transcriptionally silent until activation of the zygotic genome during the 10thcell cycle. Onset of transcription is followed by cellular and morphological changes involving cell speciation and gastrulation. Previous genome-wide surveys of transcriptional changes only assessed gene expression levels; however, recent studies have shown the necessity to map isoform-specific transcriptional changes. Here, we perform isoform discovery and quantification on transcriptome sequences from before and after zebrafish zygotic genome activation (ZGA).ResultsWe identify novel isoforms and isoform switches during ZGA for genes related to cell adhesion, pluripotency and DNA methylation. Isoform switching events include alternative splicing and changes in transcriptional start sites and in 3’ untranslated regions. New isoforms are identified even for well-characterized genes such aspou5f1,sall4anddnmt1. Genes involved in cell-cell interactions such asf11randmagi1display isoform switches with alterations of coding sequences. We also detect over 1000 transcripts that acquire a longer 3’ terminal exon when transcribed by the zygote compared to their maternal transcript counterparts. ChIP-sequencing data mapped onto skipped exon events reveal a correlation between histone H3K36 trimethylation peaks and skipped exons, suggesting epigenetic marks being part of alternative splicing regulation.ConclusionsThe novel isoforms and isoform switches reported here include regulators of transcriptional, cellular and morphological changes taking place around ZGA. Our data display an array of isoform-related functional changes and represent a valuable resource complementary to existing early embryo transcriptomes.