bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of 3′‐Cytidine Monophosphate Bound to Ribonuclease A — A Molecular Dynamic Simulation Study
Authors: Lee Kuei‐Jen , Huang Tai‐Huang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMolecular dynamic simulations of the 3′‐cytidine monophosphate (3′‐CMP)/RNase A complex were carried out at three temperatures, 273 K, 300 K and 323 K. The trajectories obtained allowed us to calculate the dynamics of 3′‐CMP in protein complex. The O‐P bond was found to exert angular fluctuations with an average magnitude of 20° 26°, and 30° at 273 K, 300 K, and 323 K, respectively. These values compare quite favorably with those obtained from lineshape simulation of the 31P NMR powder patterns. The magnitude of the translational fluctuation of the center of mass of the ligand was found to be in the range of 0.17 A to 0.21 Å. On the other hand, the phosphate atom was found to fluctuate with amplitude ranging from 0.22 Å to 0.42 Å, depending on orientation. Fluctuation of the dihedral angle, defined by P‐O3‐C3‐C4′ bonds of the ligand, was more restricted in the protein complex as compared to that in free form. The average number of hydrogen bonds formed between the phosphate group and the protein moiety was 1.6 at 273 K and 1.2 at 323 K.
Product‐Specific Methods of Syntheses of Hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane and Octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane — Monomers of Phenylsilicones
Authors: Yane Mei‐Hui , Chou Chyuan , Lin Chih‐Hwa 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPure hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane (P3) and octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane (P4) were synthesized with high yields via proper choice of preparation conditions, such as catalysts, solvents and reaction temperatures, from diphenylsilanediol. Up to 98% yield of this pure starting material can be obtained from diphenyldi‐chlorosilane through modifying a known procedure on carefully adjusting the temperature of hydrolysis and washing procedure. This method produced pure P3 exclusively with high yield (approximately 90%) in ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid as the catalyst at various reaction temperatures. P4 was produced exclusively in high yield (approximately 90%) in alcohols in the presence of sodium hydroxide. A method applying HPLC was used to analyze the reaction products quantitatively.
The Structures of Quadricyclanone and its 3‐Cyclopentadienylidene Derivative
Authors: Lee Chia‐Fu , Lin Kuan‐Jiuh , Wang Yu‐Wen , Cheng Uan‐Ling , Chow Tahsin J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe crystal structures of quadricyclanone (2) and 3‐(cyclopentadienylidene)quadricyclane (3) are solved by X‐ray diffraction analyses. Their bonding parameters cannot be accurately estimated by semiempirical models AM1 and PM3.
Psoralen‐Derivatized Oligothymidine Methylphosphonates form Triple Helices with DNA and Crosslink to a Specific Strand
Authors: Lin Shwu‐Bin , Wu Cheng‐Wen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOligothymidine methylphosphonates derivatized at the 5′‐end with 4′‐aminoalkyl‐4,5′,8‐trimethylpsoralen (AMT) were prepared. The interaction of these oligonucleoside methylphosphonates with double‐stranded DNA was studied. Oligothymidine tnethylphosphonates, T7 and T14, were found to form triple helix with an oligodeoxyribonucleotide 45‐mer DNA duplex which contains an A15‐T15 sequence. Upon irradiation with 365 nm (UV light, AMT crosslinked to accessible thymidine residues in the target DNA. Both AMT‐derivatized T7 and T14 crosslink to the T15 containing strand of the double‐stranded DNA target, but they do not crosslink to the A15 containing strand which also contains a potential thymidine crosslinking site. Methylphosphonate oligomer, T7, was derivatized with AMT using either an ethyl‐, butyl‐ or hexyl‐linker. The efficiency of crosslinking is affected by the length of the aminoalkyl linker arm connecting the AMT to the methylphosphonate oligomer. The relative crosslinking efficiencies of the oligomers with these three types of linkers were different. Greatest crosslinking, 45%, was obtained using an oligomer having a butyl‐or a hexyl‐linker. The interaction of oligothymidine methylphosphonates with DNA can be enhanced by using two shorter AMT‐oligomers instead of using one full‐length AMT‐derivatized oligomer. This strategy was demonstrated by the interaction of AMT‐derivatized T7 with duplex DNA 35‐mer and 45‐mer target. The extent of crosslinking to the 45‐mer target, whose binding site can accommodate two molecules of AMT‐derivatized T7, is 45% whereas that with the 35‐mer target, which can accommodate only one T7 molecule, is only 3%. The results of our experiments suggest that AMT‐derivatized oligothymidine methylphosphonates can form triple‐stranded complex and psoralen photoadduct with DNA. The formation of such complexes may be useful in probing and controlling gene expression at the DNA level.
Partition Coefficients in Octanol‐Water and Liquid Chromatographic Behavior of Eight Oxygenated Triterpenes Which are Paired Stereo‐ and Positional Isomers
Authors: Lin Lee‐Juiau , Lee Kuan Rong , Shiao Ming‐Shi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe chromatographic behavior of eight lanostanoid triterpenes, which are four pairs of C‐3 epimers and two pairs of C‐3/C‐15 positional isomers, were determined by reverse‐phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). In the mobile phase systems of acetonitrile‐water‐acetic acid, methanol‐water‐acetic acid, and tetrahydrofuran‐water‐acetic acid, these triterpenes showed a very good linear relationship between capacity factors (k′) and volume fractions of organic modifiers. The partition coefficients (Poet) of these triterpenes in 1‐octanol/water and capacity factors (k′) in RP‐HPLC, when both expressed in logarithm, correlated linearly. This study showed that RP‐HPLC is an effective method to evaluate the molecular hydrophobicity of multi‐functional compounds which are stereo‐ and positional isomers.
Photocycloaddition of 2‐Cyanocycloalk‐2‐Enones to 2, 3‐Dimethylbut‐2‐Ene
Authors: Andresen Sven , Margaretha Paul 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIrradiation of 5,5‐dimethyl‐6‐oxocyclohex‐ l‐ene‐ l‐carbonitrile (1) in the presence of 2,3‐dimethylbut‐2‐ene afforded 3,3,4,4,7,7‐hexamethyl‐3,4,4a,5,6,7‐hexahydroindeno[1,7‐c,d]‐],2‐oxazole (3) in nearly quantitative yield. In contrast, 4,4‐dimethyl‐5‐oxo‐cyclopent‐l‐ene‐l‐carbonitrile (2) under the same conditions reacted not to a tricyclic isoxazole but to a 2:1 mixture of 3,3,6,6,7,7‐hexamethyl‐2‐oxo‐bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane‐l‐carbonitrile (4) and trans‐3,3‐dimethyl‐2‐oxo‐5‐(2,3‐dimethylbut‐3‐en‐2‐yl)cyclopentane‐l‐carbonitrile (5), respectively.
Photodegradation of Chlorinated Organic Wastes with n‐TiO2 Promoted by P‐CuO
Authors: Chiang Hui‐Jean , Shyuu Jyh Mirng , Wang Chong Mou 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA variety of chlorinated organic wastes were photodecomposed with p‐CuO‐modified TiO2 particles (denoted CuO/TiO2). Based on the photoactivity measured in oxygenated solutions containing sodium 2,2′‐dichloropropionate, the photoactivity of TiO2 is significantly enhanced with p‐CuO loading; in the case with 0.4 wt% of CuO, the activity is increased by a facor of 4. Photochemical‐TiO2‐slurry cell techniques and voltammetric characterizations suggest this CuO‐promoted enhancement is likely to result from the acceleration of oxygen reduction at TiO2 via CuIIO/CuI0. Long‐term tests showed that these CuO/TiO2 particles are photochemically robust; within 100‐hours' continuous photolysis, insignificant loss in photoactivity was detected. However, increasing loading of p‐CuO may jeopardize the photoactivity, due to the deterioration in the TiO2 absorbability of UV irradiation.
Synthesis and Applications of 3‐Phenylthio‐2‐Sulfolenes
Authors: Chou Shang‐Shing P. , Chao Mao‐Hsun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTreatment of 3‐phenylthio‐2‐sulfolene (1) with an equimolar proportion of butyllithium at −78 °C in THF followed by addition of an electrophile gave the 2‐substituted 3‐phenylthio‐2‐sulfolenes (2). The deprotonation was found to proceed only at the vinylic C‐2 position. Some of the 2‐sulfolenes 2 underwent desulfonylation upon heating with base. Of particular interest was the conversion of 3‐phenylthio‐2‐trimethylsilyl‐2‐sulfolene (2h) to its 3‐sulfolene isomer 6 by sequential addition of butyllithium and salicylic acid at low temperatures. The 3‐sulfolene 6 was desulfonylated by Kugelrohr distillation at 150° C under vacuum to give (Z)‐2‐phenylthio‐l‐trimethylsilyl‐1,3‐butadiene (8). The regiochemistry of the Diels Alder reaction of this highly reactive diene 8 was found to be controlled by the phenylthio group, and the stereochemistry is endo addition. Diene 8 was oxidized to its sulfone derivative 12 which also underwent a stereospecific Diels‐Alder reaction.
Reaction of Aromatic and Unsaturated Compounds with the Potassium Permanganate/HCl (HBr) Acetonitrile Reagent
Authors: Liu Lilian Kao , Lin Ching‐Shan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAddition of hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid to a solution of potassium permanganate in acetonitrile produced a homogeneous mixture, which is suitable for laboratory chlorination or bromination, respectively. Aromatic compounds more reactive than alkylbenzenes can be chlorinated or brominated without additional catalyst. Alkenes and alkynes give the corresponding vicinal dihaloalkanes and vinyl halides. All reactions complete within two hours under mild condition (25‐60 °C) with excellent to moderate yields.
The Syntheses of Triazole, Sulfur‐Containing Diazole and n‐Phenylthiatriazole Biphenyltetrazoles as Potential Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Chou Shan‐Yen , Chen Sn‐San , Ho Chin‐Chung , Huang Shiang‐Ling , Huang Tsai‐Mien , Pan Ohm‐Guo , Wang Chia‐Lin , Chen Ying , Lu Hsiao‐Hwa , Liu Shih‐Hwa , Huang Shir‐Ly , Chiang Ren‐Shou 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe syntheses of triazole, sulfur‐containing diazole and N‐phenylthiatriazole analogs of imidazole angiotensin II antagonist, DuP 753, are reported. 5‐Butyl‐3‐[(2‐trifluoromethyl)phenyl]‐2,1,3,4‐lH‐thiatriazole‐2‐one biphenyltetrazole (63) is found to have good in vitro activity.
Iodination with Potassium Permanganate/Hydroiodic Acid/Acetonitrile Reagent
Authors: Chen Jyh‐An , Lin Ching‐Shan , Liu Lilian Kao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIodination of various aromatic amines proceeds smoothly with a preformed homogeneous mixture of hydroiodic acid potassium permanganate in acetonitrile. para‐Substituted products were obtained in high yields (71‐78%) within twelve hours at room temperature.With a slight modification of the permanganate, hydroiodic acid and substrate ratio, iodination of alkynes to vic‐diiodoalkenes can be carried out at 60 °C in 65‐87% yield.
Photochemical Experiments with 2,3‐Bis(Tert‐Butylsulfonyl)Bicyclo[2.2.2]Octa‐2,5‐Diene and Related Systems
Authors: Gleiter Rolf , Ohlbach Frank 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe irradiation of 2,3‐bis(tert‐butylsulfonyl)norbornadiene (5) and 2‐(tert‐butylsulfonyl)norbornadiene (6) yielded the expected quadricyclane derivatives as stable molecules. The irradiation of 2,3‐bis(tert‐butylsulfonyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octa‐2,5‐diene(7) 2,3‐bis(tert‐butylsulfonyl)‐exo‐7,8‐epoxybicyclo[2.2.2]‐octa‐2,5‐diene (8) and 8,9‐bis(tert‐butylsulfonyl)‐4‐anti‐phenyl‐3,5‐dioxa‐exo‐tricyclo[5.2.2.02,6] undeca‐8,10‐diene 9a and its syn‐isomer 9b yielded the corresponding tetracyclic and pentacyclic systems, respectively. The photoproducts of 8 and 9 reverted to the starting products slowly at room temperature. The half‐life of the photoproduct of 7 was determined to be 34 min at 50 °C. Compound 9a reacted with n‐BuLi to yield the unexpected desulfonylation product 27a.
Synthesis and Physical Properties of New Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals Consisting of 2(S)‐[2 (S)‐Methylbutyloxy] Propanol
Authors: Tsai Wen‐Liang , Lee Chein‐Dhau 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNew ferroelectric liquid crystals containing two chiral centers, 4‐(4′‐n‐alkyloxyphenyl)phenyl 4‐{2(S)‐[2(S)‐methylbutyloxy]propoxy}benzoate (4a‐4f) and 4‐(n‐alkyloxy)phenyl 4‐{4′‐[2(S)‐(2(S)‐methylbutyloxy)propoxy]phenyl}benzoate (5a‐5f) were synthesized and their physical properties studied. A phase‐transition sequence of C‐Sc*‐N*‐I was observed in most cases. Some homologues of them, 4a‐4d, possess monotropic Sc * phase. Not only the Sc* phase‐transition temperature of 5a‐5f is lower than that of the corresponding 4a‐4f, but their Sc * phase‐transition temperature range is also wider than the corresponding 4a‐4f. The Sc * phase temperature range can be up to 48 °C. The spontaneous polarization of 8‐28 nC/cm2 and the electric rise time of 240‐420 μs were measured in FLCs 4a‐5f.
Preparation of Y2Ba4Cu7O15‐δ Superconductor without High Oxygen Pressure
Authors: Huang Ju‐Chun , Cheng Chien Hong , Sheen Shyang Roeng , Lee Zhi Ling , Lei Chien Ming , Wu Maw Kuen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of bulk Y2Ba4Cu7O15‐δ superconductor at atmospheric oxygen pressure via solid state sintering is reported. Temperature ranging from 860 to 890 °C as well as time interval over 2 to 15 days were used to investigate the formation of the Y2Ba4Cu7O15‐δ phase. A time‐temperature profile characterizing the conditions for the preparation of Y2Ba4Cu7O15‐δ phase suggests the optimal condition to be sintering at 890 °C for over 10 days. Detailed results of X‐ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, iodometric titration and magnetization measurements are described.
Surface Hydroxyls and Chemisorbed Hydrogen on Titania and Titania Supported Cobalt
Authors: Ho Sui‐Wen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe dehydroxylation and rehydroxylation properties of titania (Degussa P‐25) were investigated. FTIR and TPD‐MS data indicate that hydroxyl groups are not completely removed at 500 °C in vacuo, and rehydration/rehydroxylation occur under helium (water content < 1 ppm) flow at room temperature. In addition, repeating dehydroxylation/rehydroxylation treatments for ten times does not significantly modify the dehydroxylation/rehydroxylation property of titania surface. Desorption of hydrogen from titania was observed at 535 °C after titania was reduced above 400 °C. The maximum surface density of hydrogen was determined to be 0.75 H atom/nm2. TPD data show four types of hydrogen on 3% titania supported cobalt catalysts: hydrogen adsorbed on cobalt metal (desorption temperature around 100 °C), reverse spillover hydro gen (150‐250 °C), hydrogen from H‐TiO2‐x‐ Co interacting species (‐330 °C), and recombined hydrogen from Ti3+‐H on titania (‐535 °C). The absence of hydrogen desorption peak at 535 °C for titania supported cobalt reduced above 400 °C can be explained in terms of the migration of H‐TiO2‐x moieties onto cobalt metal surface during reduction. Removal of hydroxyl groups by thermal treatment before reduction enhanced the amount of hydrogen desorption from normal cobalt surface. This indicates that the hydroxyl groups play a role in the surface migration of H‐Ti2‐x.
Tanshinketolactone, A New Tanshinone from Salvia Miltiorrhiza
Authors: Lin Hang‐Ching , Chang Wen‐Liang , Wu Pei‐Lirt , Wu Tian‐Shung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA seven‐membered ketolactone, tanshinketolactone (1), was isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Its structure was established by spectroscopic analysis.
Planar Schlegel Diagram's Illustrations of Fullerene's Structural Changes and Fullerene's Cage Interactions with Metals and Hydrogens
Authors: Chiu Ying‐Nan , Yu Yaxiong , Xiao Jimei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo‐dimensional planar Schlegel diagrams are used to displace fullerenes and to exhibit cage cluster's vertices, faces and edges as well as cluster's extensions and changes such as isomerization, addition, elimination etc. The Schlegel diagrams also show the possible π bondings and free π radicals to determine symmetry group structures as well as to interact with the corresponding number of electrons in metals. The diagrams also show the possible addition of outside hydrogens and their movements.
Cadmium Determination in Human Whole Blood by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Magnesium Chloride and Sodium Hydroxide as a Combined Chemical Modifier
Authors: Hsieh Ling‐Ling , Yang Mo‐Hsiung , Lin Song‐Shei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this work, we propose a method to determine trace amounts of Cd in human whole blood samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) with the combined chemical modifier including magnesium chloride and sodium hydroxide. Prior to the ETAAS analysis, dissolution of the blood samples is accomplished using a HNO3‐HClO4double closed‐vessel microwave digestion technique followed by drying of the dissolved blood samples by means of an infrared lamp. In using this approach, a MgCl2 chemical modifier is added to the digested samples, then they are injected into the graphite furnace for detecting the Cd level via atomic absorption spectrometer. Besides we used a NaOH chemical modifier, which removed the matrix major elements through prior ashing at 1200 ° C for 30 s, and the Cd is subsequently volatilized at 2200 °C and determined by AAS. However, the proposed method can be employed to determine the of Cd level in whole blood samples by the calibration technique and the standard‐additions method. Its validity is confirmed with two certified reference whole blood materials (Seronorm Trace Elements Whole Blood Batch no. 205052 and Batch no. 203056). By using 10 μL injections, a detection limit of 0.052 ng mL−1 is achieved.
Thermodynamics of the High‐Spin‐Low‐Spin Conversion of Nickel(II)Complexes with Tetraamine Ligands
Authors: Lai Chung‐Yu , Liu Yuh‐Liang , Shu Kelen , Wang Chi , Chung Chung‐Sun , Luh Hung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSix tetraamine ligands, 2,5,8,11‐tetraazadodecane, 2,5,9,12‐tetraazatridecane, 3,7‐dimethyl‐3,7‐diazanonane‐l,9‐diamine, 2,6,9,13‐tetraazatetradecane, 4,7‐dimethyl‐4,7‐diazadecane‐l,10‐diamine, 4‐methy]‐4,7‐diazadecane‐l,10‐diamine, and their nickel(II) complexes have been synthesized. The equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters of the high‐spin‐low‐spin conversion of these complexes at various temperatures in 0.10 M NaC1O4 have been investigated by spectrophotometric techniques. Influences of the enthalpies of these reactions are attributed to an endothermic contribution due to the breaking of the two Ni‐OH2 bonds, an exothermic contribution due to the strengthening of the four in‐plane Ni‐N bonds, an exothermic contribution due to the different ligand field stabilization energies of the square‐planar and the octahedral complexes, an endothermic contribution due to the steric repulsions between the N‐methyl group(s) and methylene groups as well as that between the two N‐methyl groups of the tetraamine, an exothermic contribution due to the steric repulsions between the N‐methyl group(s) and the coordinated water molecules, and an exothermic contribution due to the inductive effect of the N‐methyl group(s). The important factors influencing the values of the entropies of these reactions are a negative term due to the reduction of spin multiplicity and a large positive term due to the release or the mobilization of the two coordinated water molecules.
The Synthesis and Chemistry of 9‐Chlorobicyclo[6.1.0]Non‐1(9)‐Ene
Authors: Lee Gon‐Ann , Chen Jay , Chen Chi‐Sheng , Shiau Chaur‐Shenq , Cherng Chih‐Hwa 
Published: May 2015

Abstract9‐Chlorobicyclo[6.1.0]non‐l(9)‐ene (4), a 2‐chlorinated 1,3‐fused cyclopropene, is synthesized and isolated from the dehalogenation of the l‐bromo‐9,9‐dichlorobicyclo[6.1.0]nonane, itself derived from cyclooctene. Compound 4 undergoes ring opening reaction to generate cyclooctenyl chlorocarbene (9) which reacts with water via conjugate addition and ipso‐addition to give (E)‐2‐(chloromethylene)cyclooctanol (7) and cyclooctene‐l‐carboxaldehyde (8), respectively. The conjugate addition of 9 with water is more favorable than the ipso‐addition by 3:1. Compound 4, which is stable at −25 °C for weeks without any decomposition, reacts with oxygen to produce 2‐chlorocyclonon‐2‐enone (12) via the ring‐opening reaction adduct, vinyl alkylcarbene 10.
Rapid Formation of the Textured (Bi, Pb)2(Sr, Ca)4Cu3Oy Superconductor by Multiple Pressing and Sintering Process
Authors: Sheen Shyang‐Roeng , Wu Maw‐Kuen , Shei Cheng‐Yie , Hurng Weir‐Mirn , Chen Dian‐Hau , Chang Chau‐Ting 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA superconducting (Bi, Pb)2(Sr, Ca)4Cu3O2 material has been prepared by tbe oxalate coprecipitation method. The high‐Tc 110 K phase was effectively promoted by application of an intermediate grinding and pressing between the sintering heat treatments. The powder X‐ray diffraction shows the existence of single high‐Tc and high‐textured microstructures with strong (001) reflections within a short sintering time ( 18 h). The morphology of the sintered samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, the kinetics of the formation of the high‐Tc phase were investigated by the isothermal method. A possible mechanism of the formation of high‐Tc 2223 phase was proposed.
Emissive Annular Digold(I) Compounds Containing Diphosphine and Dithiolate Ligands
Authors: Tang Shaw Shiah , Lin Ivan J. B. , Liu Lin‐Shuh , Wang Iu‐Chun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMolecular structures of three emissive annular digold compounds [Au2(dmpm)(dtc)]Cl (dmpm = Me2PCH2PMe2,dtc = S2CNEt2), 1, [Au2(dppm)(dtc)]PF6, (dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2),2,and [Au2(dppe)(dtc)]‐(PF2) (dppe = Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2), 3, were determined. All three compounds are dimetallacycles having two gold atoms bridged by a dithiolate ligand and a diphosphine ligand, the geometry around each gold atom being almost linear. All the dimetal lacy die rings are slightly distorted from planarity with intramolecular Au‐Au distances shorter than 3.0 Å. Compound 1 forms a polymeric chain through intermolecular Au‐Au contacts (3.061 − 3.135 Å). Compound 2 forms a tetramer through intermolecular Au‐Au interactions (Au‐Au distances ranging from 3.086 to 3.222 ). Compound 3 is monomeric. All of the compounds luminesce at 77 K in the solid state. Emissions originating from 3LMCT from dtc ligand to Au excited states are assigned. The emission maxima of 1 − 3 are at 541,535 and 520 nm respectively and are blue shifted as the number of Au‐Au interactions is decreased.
Discotic Metallomesogens: Effects of Sidechains Density in Transition Metal Bis(β‐Diketonate) Complexes
Authors: Fan Pei‐Chen , Lai Chung K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe preparation and mesogenic properties of a series of discotic β‐diketonate metal complexes are reported. The results show that the density of side chains, positions of side chains, and the geometries of the metal centers play important roles in determining the mesomorphic behaviors and thermodynamic stability of these complexes. In the series of copper complexes 3, all these disc‐like molecules with eight alkoxy side chains exhibit columnar hexagonal disordered (Dhd) mesophases. In the series of copper complexes 2 with six side chains, only compounds substituted with longer alkoxy chains (n = C14 or C16) exhibit discotic columnar mesophase. However, in the series of complexes 1, only crystal‐to‐isotropic transitions were observed. The results showed that induction of liquid crystallinity not only depends on the numbers of side chains (i.e. side chain density), but also on the degree of distribution over the central core. Palladium complexes analogs exhibit similar discotic mesophases, and due to their greater core‐core organization, they also have higher clearing points and wider temperature range of mesophases than copper complexes.
Transformation of Cedrane Skeleton to Noracorane and Decahydroazulene Skeletons via Free Radical Reaction. Autooxidation of 8β‐Hydroxycedran‐13‐Al
Authors: Kuo Yuch‐Hsiung , Lin Yun‐Lian , Wang Eng‐Chi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract8‐Cedren‐14‐ol (4d) was oxidized with PCC, followed by autooxidation to yield 8,14‐cedranolide (2a) and 8‐cedren‐14‐carboxylic peracid (4e). 8β‐Hydroxycedran‐l3‐al (1d) was subjected to autooxidation in three different solvents to give eight products, from which the transformation from cedrane skeleton to noracorane and decahydroazulene skeletons were observed. A free radical pathway was proposed.