bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Warfarin Dosages and International Normalized Ratios Before and After Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Steffen Kristine J. , Wonderlich Joseph A. , Erickson Ann L. , Strawsell Heather , Mitchell James E. , Crosby Ross D. 
Published: September 2015

Study ObjectiveAs data are limited for dosing warfarin in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery, our objective was to gather data on warfarin pharmacotherapy to aid in the prescribing practices and dosage adjustment of warfarin after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery.DesignRetrospective medical record review.SettingAnticoagulation clinic.PatientsTwelve patients who underwent RYGB surgery between 2009 and 2011.Measurements and Main ResultsData were collected on patient demographics, therapeutic indications for warfarin, weekly warfarin doses, and international normalized ratio (INR) values before and after RYGB surgery. To examine whether the relationship between the warfarin dose and therapeutic effect (i.e., INR) of warfarin changed from before to after surgery, we generated a ratio between each INR measurement and the weekly warfarin dose that immediately preceded it (warfarin dose/INR ratio). Mean weekly warfarin dose after RYGB surgery decreased significantly relative to presurgery dose (estimated marginal mean ± SE presurgery dose 37.08 ± 3.31 mg vs postsurgery dose 28.08 ± 3.27 mg; [F(205.63) = 13.23, p<0.001]), whereas INRs increased significantly after surgery from presurgery levels (estimated marginal mean ± SE presurgery INR 2.36 ± 0.15 vs postsurgery INR 2.94 ± 0.14; [F(213.76) = 6.55, p<0.05]). The ratio of warfarin dose/INR from presurgery (estimated marginal mean ± SE 17.64 ± 1.67) to postsurgery (estimated marginal mean ± SE 10.94 ± 1.64) was also significantly reduced [F(206.47) = 20.61, p<0.001], suggesting that a lower warfarin dose was required to produce the desired INR after surgery compared with before surgery.ConclusionWarfarin dosages tended to decrease after RYGB surgery, in agreement with previously published literature. These findings suggest the need for increased INR monitoring and patient education for patients taking warfarin after RYGB surgery.
Evaluation of a Community Pharmacy–Based Screening Questionnaire to Identify Patients at Risk for Drug Therapy Problems
Authors: Pammett Robert T. , Blackburn David , Taylor Jeff , Mansell Kerry , Kwan Debbie , Papoushek Christine , Jorgenson Derek 
Published: September 2015

Study ObjectiveTo determine if a short screening questionnaire can identify patients at risk for drug therapy problems (DTPs) in a community pharmacy setting.DesignSelf‐administered questionnaire.SettingThree community pharmacies in Saskatoon, Canada.PatientsForty‐nine adults who were picking up a refill prescription for a medication that had remained stable over the past 6 months (i.e., no changes to drug, dose, or regimen) during 4 consecutive weeks at each of the three pharmacies between November 2013 and February 2014.Measurements and Main ResultsAll patients completed a self‐administered screening questionnaire and underwent a blinded comprehensive medication assessment with a clinical pharmacist. Agreement between the screening questionnaire responses and responses based on information from the medication assessment were assessed with Cohen's κ coefficient. The DTPs identified during the medication assessments were categorized in one of the eight standard DTP categories: unnecessary drug therapy, inappropriate drug, subtherapeutic dose, supratherapeutic dose, drug therapy required, adverse drug reaction, noncompliance, and other or unsure. The DTPs were also assigned a severity—mild, moderate, or severe—using adapted Schneider criteria. The number and severity of DTPs identified were compared among patients categorized as high versus low risk for DTPs as determined by the questionnaire responses. Of the 49 patients who completed the study, 18 (37%) were high risk and 31 (63%) low risk. The agreement between risk categorization based on the screening questionnaire and medication assessment was very good (κ = 0.91, p<0.01). Also, patients identified as high risk on the screening questionnaire had a mean of 3.7 (p<0.01) more DTPs than low‐risk patients. Seventeen (94%) of the 18 high‐risk patients had at least one moderate or severe DTP compared with 15 (48%) of the 31 low‐risk patients.ConclusionThe screening questionnaire was a reliable method for identifying patients in community pharmacies who have a large number of DTPs.
Effect of the partner's health and support on cancer patients' use of general practitioner care
Authors: Heins M. J. ( Marianne) , Hopman E. P. C. ( Petra) , Korevaar J. C. ( Joke) , Schellevis F. G. ( François) , Donker G. A. (Gé) , Rijken P. M. ( Mieke) 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveCancer and its treatment often have a profound impact on patients, leading to increased health care use in the years after diagnosis. Social support is an important determinant of health care use. Partners of cancer patients may not always be able to provide all support patients need and patients may then revert to professional health care. We examined whether partners' health and the support they provide affect the use of general practitioner (GP) care in cancer patients.MethodsCancer patients aged ≥18, diagnosed <20 years ago with a cancer type with a 5‐year survival rate >20% and no distant metastases were sent a questionnaire, along with their partners. Patients' self‐reported recent use of GP care, i.e. whether they had discussed health problems with the GP in the past year, was assessed. Partner support as perceived by the patient was measured on three scales: Active engagement, protective buffering and overprotection.ResultsWe included 219 patients and partners. Many patients discussed physical and emotional problems with their GP (60% and 28% of patients, respectively). Patients were less likely to discuss physical problems when they experienced active engagement and protective buffering, the latter only for females.ConclusionPartner support affects use of GP care in cancer patients. GPs should therefore pay attention to the support style of the partner. GPs could ask about the support provided by the partner and inform both patients and partners about support groups where they can share experiences. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patients are dissatisfied with information provision: perceived information provision and quality of life in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Lamers Romy E. D. , Cuypers Maarten , Husson Olga , de Vries Marieke , Kil Paul J. M. , Ruud Bosch J. L. H. , van de Poll‐Franse Lonneke V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the satisfaction with information received by prostate cancer survivors and associations with health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and illness perception.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed among 999 patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2009. All patients received a questionnaire on HRQoL (EORTC QLQ‐C30), illness perception (B‐IPQ) and satisfaction with information provision (EORTC QLQ‐INFO‐25). Multivariate regression analyses were performed to assess the association between satisfaction with information provision and HRQoL as well as illness perception.ResultsResponse rate was 70% (N = 697), 34% (N = 222) indicated to be dissatisfied with the information received. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed a significant positive association between satisfaction with information provision and global health (P = <0.001), emotional functioning (P = 0.004), social functioning (P = 0.027), physical functioning (P = 0.002) and role functioning (P = 0.001). Satisfaction was negatively associated with illness perception subscales on consequences (P = 0.020), timeline (P = 0.031), personal control (P = 0.013), treatment control (P < 0.001), illness concern (P < 0.001), coherence (P = 0.001) and emotional representation (P = 0.004). Hence, more satisfied patients reported fewer consequences of disease, illness concern and emotional representation, but higher personal and treatment control and coherence.ConclusionsA third of all prostate cancer survivors reported to be dissatisfied with the information received and scored worse on HRQoL and illness perception. A prospective randomized study is needed to study the effect of an intervention that improves information provision on HRQoL and illness perception outcomes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructure of the HMX‐Based PBX KS32 after Mechanical Loading
Authors: Herrmann Michael , Förter‐Barth Ulrich , Bohn Manfred A. , Krause Horst , Koch Michael , Arnold Werner 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNon‐destructive X‐ray diffraction techniques were applied in order to monitor the influence of mechanical and shock‐loading on the microstructure of the plastic‐bonded high explosive KS32. The investigations uncovered damage to embedded coarse HMX crystals and to the binder system HTPB‐IPDI. Damage to the crystals occurred already during the kneading process in terms of deformation twinning. On higher loading between 400 MPa (static) and 480 MPa (dynamic) also crystal fracture was observed. The change in the binder structure was found after both static and dynamic loading, but not in the cured, differently kneaded samples. Moreover, the change in binder structure after dynamic loading was verified by dynamic mechanical analysis, and interpreted as a partial damage of the binder rubber shell around the explosive particles. The results are compared to literature data from imaging techniques.
Childhood Mortality Differentials by Ecological Region in Nepal
Authors: Goli Srinivas , Bhandari Prem , Atla Uma Maheswara Rao , Chattopadhayay Aparajita 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDespite the rapid decline of childhood mortality in Nepal, there is considerable variation in the rate of progress by ecological region. Using the Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2011 data, we investigate two critical questions: first, whether the ecological differences in childhood mortality still remain independent of the factors known to influence mortality and second, what socio‐economic and demographic factors shape these differences in childhood mortality across the ecological regions? The results from the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, which controls for established socio‐economic and demographic factors known to influence childhood mortality, suggest that children who live in the hill and the Terai regions have a lower probability of death than those from the mountainous areas. The results of the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition model further reveal that father's education, household economic status, place of residence, higher‐order births with lower birth interval, and mother's employment status significantly contribute to differences in childhood mortality across the ecological regions. Our findings provide important insights on the issue of (ecological) regional disparities in childhood mortality and draw attention to critical challenges for socio‐economic, population, and health policy in Nepal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A low cost outdoor testing facility for detailed photovoltaic device performance characterization
Authors: Ogulgonen Guvenc , Ozden Talat , Yardim Ugur , Turan Rasit , Kincal Serkan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLong term outdoor performance monitoring is the ultimate method to capture the long term performance characteristics of PV devices. As time consuming as this process might be, it is the only way in which the local environmental condition versus PV device characteristics may be captured when making investment decisions. This data needs to be captured at least once through the seasonal cycle. It needs to be correlated to the environmental conditions, this monitoring climatic conditions is a requirement. Solar irradiation conditions must be monitored over a range of inclination angles – direct, diffuse and reflected components must be ideally captured separately. The panels must be held at maximum power generating point through the varying illumination conditions. Periodic IV traces must be captured, in addition to the power output to understand mechanisms of degradation, if present. Furthermore, the IV curves must be summarized in terms of relevant performance metrics. This work describes an outdoor testing facility that addresses all the aforementioned requirements. Reliable equipment selections coupled with adequate modelling strategies allow for the generation of a robust and accessible database of performance data. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Systematic Review of Preoperative Fatty Infiltration and Rotator Cuff Outcomes
Authors: Khair M. Michael , Lehman Jason , Tsouris Nicholas , Gulotta Lawrence V. 
Published: September 2015

Background Fatty infiltration (FI) of the muscle as graded by the Goutallier classification (GC) is a well-known sequela following rotator cuff injury. The degree to which this predicts the success of rotator cuff repair is unknown. Questions/Purposes We conducted a systematic review to address the following questions: (1) Does the grade of FI of the rotator cuff muscles present preoperatively predict retear rates postoperatively? (2) Are amounts of preoperative FI predictive of functional outcomes following repair? Methods Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials online databases were searched for all literature published between January 1966 and March 2015. Keywords were chosen to achieve a broad search category. All articles were reviewed by three of the authors, and those meeting the study inclusion criteria were selected for data abstraction. Results The systematic literature review yielded 11 studies reporting on a total of 925 shoulders. Rotator cuffs with moderate or significant FI preoperatively (grades 2–4) had a significantly higher retear rate than those with no or minimal FI (grades 0–1) (59 vs. 25%, p = 0.045). Four studies reported postoperative Constant scores and preoperative GC scores. One study found that lower GC scores were associated with higher Constant scores postoperatively, one found no association, and the data was inconclusive in the other two. Conclusions While lower preoperative GC scores are associated with lower rates of rotator cuff retear following repair, there is insufficient data to make conclusions on the effects of FI on functional outcomes following repair.
Surfactant Enhanced Oil Recovery in a High Temperature and High Salinity Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Ge Jijiang , Wang Yang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe goal of this work was to find an effective surfactant system for enhanced oil recovery after water injection substituting for oil at a vuggy fractured reservoir with a high temperature and high salinity (220,000 mg/L). Four types of surfactants with concentrations (less than 0.2 %) were screened. Washing oil experiments were conducted in Amott cells. A surfactant system was established by mixing a surfactant with best ultimate recovery and one with best recovery rate. The optimized surfactant system could recover 50 % of remaining oil. To study the mechanism of enhanced oil recovery after water injection substituting oil, interfacial tension (IFT) and contact angle were measured. Experimental results showed that surfactants with good washing ability had low IFT, but surfactants with low IFT may not have a good washing ability. IFT had no obvious relationship with the increased oil recovery or washing ability. The optimized system could not alter carbonate to decrease the oil‐wetting capability. Though octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride had a good ability wet the carbonate with water, it could not recover much oil. Therefore, except for interfacial tension and wettability alteration, there must be other parameters dominating oil recovery after water injection substituting for oil.
New modelling approaches to predict wood properties from its cellular structure: image-based representation and meshless methods
Authors: Perré Patrick , Almeida Giana , Ayouz Mehdi , Frank Xavier 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Key message

The real tissue structure, including local anisotropy directions, is defined from anatomical images of wood. Using this digital representation, thermal/mass diffusivity and mechanical properties (stiffness, large deformation, rupture) are successfully predicted for any anatomical pattern using suitable meshless methods.

Introduction

Wood, an engineering material of biological origin, presents a huge variability among and within species. Understanding structure/property relationships in wood would allow engineers to control and benefit from this variability. Several decades of studies in this domain have emphasised the need to account simultaneously for the phase properties and the phase morphology in order to be able to predict wood properties from its anatomical features. This work is focused on the possibilities offered by meshless computational methods to perform upscaling in wood using actual tissue morphologies obtained by microscopic images.

Methods

After a section devoted to the representation step, the digital representation of wood anatomy by image processing and grid generation, the papers focuses on three meshless methods applied to predict different macroscopic properties in the transverse plane of wood (spruce earlywood, spruce latewood and poplar): Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) allows thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity to be predicted, Material Point Method (MPM) deals with rigidity and compression at large deformations and peridynamic method is used to predict the fracture pathway in the cellular arrangement.

Results

This work proves that the macroscopic properties can be predicted with quite good accuracy using only the cellular structure and published data regarding the cell wall properties. A whole set of results is presented and commented, including the anisotropic ratios between radial and tangential directions.
Religiosity and mental health of pre-adolescents with psychiatric problems and their parents: The TRAILS study
Authors: van der Jagt-Jelsma W. , de Vries-Schot M.R. , de Jong Rint , Hartman C.A. , Verhulst F.C. , Klip H. , van Deurzen P.A.M. , Buitelaar J.K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground:This study investigated the association between the religiosity of parents and pre-adolescents, and pre-adolescents’ psychiatric problems.Method:In a clinic-referred cohort of 543 pre-adolescents at least once referred to a mental health outpatient clinic mental health problems were assessed using self-reports (Youth Self-Report; YSR), parent reports (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL), and teacher reports (Teacher's Report Form; TRF) of child behavioral and emotional problems. Paternal, maternal, and pre-adolescent religiosity were assessed by self-report. MANCOVAs were performed for internalizing and externalizing problems as dependent variables, with maternal religiosity, paternal religiosity, pre-adolescent religiosity, parental religious harmony, and gender as independent variables, and socioeconomic status and divorce as covariates.Results:Internalizing problems. Pre-adolescents of actively religious mothers had more internalizing symptoms than pre-adolescents of nonreligious mothers. Harmony and gender did not significantly affect the association between maternal religiosity and internalizing problems. Externalizing problems. No associations between religiosity of pre-adolescents, religiosity of mothers, religiosity of fathers and/or harmony of parents and externalizing problem behavior have been found.Discussion and conclusions:Overall, associations between mental health and religiosity were modest to absent. Results are discussed in the context of a clinic-referred cohort, the quest phase of internalizing religious beliefs and role modeling of parents.
A new reading of Binchois'sMon seul et souverain desir
Authors: COOK KAREN M. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe copyist of the manuscript Oxford, Bodleian Library, Canon. Misc. 213 was detailed and well versed in numerous notational styles, and as a result, examples of unusual notation in this manuscript have drawn a critical eye. Yet the unique transcription of Binchois's rondeauMon seul et souverain desir, in which the copyist alternates between the two common note shapes for the semiminim in the cantus voice, has thus far gone unexplained. This notation has no rhythmic significance; as such, it appears to be a superficial anomaly. In this article, I lay out a rationale for a reading of the notation of the semiminims in this piece as potentially deliberate and meaningful. Over the course of compiling the manuscript, the copyist increasingly aligned semiminim shape with prolation: the full-black shape is used exclusively in minor prolation, whereas the void flagged shape becomes more frequently restricted to major prolation. Since the rondeau is in minor prolation, I suggest that the copyist might have used the void flagged figure in order to suggest a momentary shift into major prolation. In so doing, the copyist might have left to us a witness of a performance practice in which the mensural and rhythmic possibilities inherent in the built-in tension betweenandwere explored.
Interspecific diversity reduces and functionally substitutes for intraspecific variation in biofilm communities
Authors: Lee Kai Wei Kelvin , Yam Joey Kuok Hoong , Mukherjee Manisha , Periasamy Saravanan , Steinberg Peter D , Kjelleberg Staffan , Rice Scott A 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Diversity has a key role in the dynamics and resilience of communities and both interspecific (species) and intraspecific (genotypic) diversity can have important effects on community structure and function. However, a critical and unresolved question for understanding the ecology of a community is to what extent these two levels of diversity are functionally substitutable? Here we show, for a mixed-species biofilm community composed of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. protegens and Klebsiella pneumoniae, that increased interspecific diversity reduces and functionally substitutes for intraspecific diversity in mediating tolerance to stress. Biofilm populations generated high percentages of genotypic variants, which were largely absent in biofilm communities. Biofilms with either high intra- or interspecific diversity were more tolerant to SDS stress than biofilms with no or low diversity. Unexpectedly, genotypic variants decreased the tolerance of biofilm communities when experimentally introduced into the communities. For example, substituting P. protegens wild type with its genotypic variant within biofilm communities decreased SDS tolerance by twofold, apparently due to perturbation of interspecific interactions. A decrease in variant frequency was also observed when biofilm populations were exposed to cell-free effluents from another species, suggesting that extracellular factors have a role in selection against the appearance of intraspecific variants. This work demonstrates the functional substitution of inter- and intraspecific diversity for an emergent property of biofilms. It also provides a potential explanation for a long-standing paradox in microbiology, in which morphotypic variants are common in laboratory grown biofilm populations, but are rare in diverse, environmental biofilm communities.