bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoter Hypermethylation Downregulates MiR-125b-5p and MiR-199b-5p Targeting of ΔNp63, Resulting in PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Activation
and Keratinocyte Differentiation
Authors: Ding Yi , Ma Shi-Qi , Li Min , Chen Long , Feng Shu-Mei 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Normal keratinocyte differentiation is important for epidermal wound
healing. ΔNp63 is a major gene regulating epidermal formation and differentiation. We identified
miRNAs targeting ΔNp63 and studied the association between the miRNAs and DNA
methylation in keratinocyte differentiation.

Aims:
This study aimed to explore the mechanisms regulating ΔNp63 expression during
keratinocyte differentiation.

Methods:
Bioinformatics analysis was performed to screen the miRNAs targeting ΔNp63 and uncover
potential pathway mechanisms. The differentiation model of keratinocytes was established
by CaCl2 treatment. Furthermore, the effects of the miRNA transgenic technique on Δ Np63 and
keratinocyte differentiation were studied. In addition, the RNA FISH experiment was conducted to
detect the location of different miRNAs. A double luciferase reporter experiment was carried out to
verify the potential bindings between the miRNAs and ΔNp63. A rescue experiment was also performed
to assess the effects of different miRNAs targeting ΔNp63 on keratinocyte differentiation.
We analyzed the methylation patterns of the promoter regions of miRNAs using keratinocytes
treated with 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine. Finally, we designed a methylation rescue experiment to verify
the effects of miRNA promoter methylation on keratinocyte differentiation.

Results:
Bioinformatics analysis showed that the miR-125b-5p and miR-199b-5p binding to the
ΔNp63 3’UTR region decreased during skin development. Moreover, such binding may downregulate
the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The expression levels of CK10, Inv, TG1, ΔNp63, and
PI3K/AKT/mTOR were all significantly increased during keratinocyte differentiation. Both miR-
125b-5p and miR-199b-5p were localized in the cytoplasm. Luciferase assay results showed that
both miR-125b-5p and miR-199b-5p can bind to the 3’UTR region of ΔNp63. Overexpression of
ΔNp63 can significantly counteract the inhibitory effect of miRNA mimics on keratinocyte differentiation.
Moreover, the promoter regions of both miR-125b-5p and miR-199b-5p had methylation
sites, and the methylation levels in those promoter regions were significantly increased during
keratinocyte differentiation. 5-Aza-2’-Deoxycytidine treatment increased the expression of miR-
125b-5p and miR-199b-5p and inhibited the differentiation of keratinocytes. Finally, miRNA inhibitors
reversed the inhibitory effects of 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine on keratinocyte differentiation.

Conclusion:
Promoter hypermethylation in miR-125b-5p and miR-199b-5p seem to promote
keratinocyte differentiation via upregulation of ΔNp63 expression and the activation of the
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The findings of this study are helpful for future research on skin
development and clinical scar-free healing.
ADAMTS16 Suppression by MicroRNA-25 Leads to Oncogenic Properties in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Jian , Tang Zhe , Zhong Guangjun , Guo Linjie , Feng Ye 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial
role in modulating tumor growth. This study is centered on investigating the contribution of
miR-25 to the progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC).

Methods:
The investigators examined the expression levels of miR-25 and ADAMTS16 in RCC
samples and cell lines. The association between miR-25 and ADAMTS16 was validated via a luciferase
reporter assay. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were evaluated utilizing
CCK-8 and flow cytometry techniques, while the expression levels of ADAMTS16, β-catenin,
GSK-3β, and p-GSK-3β were assessed through western blot analysis.

Results:
The investigation revealed elevated expression levels of miR-25 in RCC tissues. Subsequently,
ADAMTS16 was identified as a target of miR-25. Increased miR-25 levels were associated
with decreased expression of ADAMTS16, resulting in enhanced cell viability and diminished
apoptosis. Conversely, inhibition of miR-25 led to decreased cell viability, proliferation,
and migration. Additionally, the researchers observed that miR-25 triggered the phosphorylation
of GSK-3β and β-catenin while leaving the total GSK-3β level unaffected.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that miR-25 regulates the expression of ADAMTS16 through
the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, providing new insights into the cause and potential treatment
of RCC.
Nanoemulsions in Skin Cancer Therapy: A Promising Frontier
Authors: Basu Biswajit , Dutta Ayon , Ash Dipanjana , Prajapati Bhupendra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
Skin cancer, a global burden for particularly white people, is classified as various
histopathological types, including malignant melanoma, basal and squamous cell carcinoma, on
the basis of affected different skin layers. Clinical adjuvant therapy (electro-chemotherapy, radio-
and immuno therapy), surgical techniques (Cryosurgery, laser treatment, dermabrasion,
Moh's micrographic surgery), photodynamic treatment and theranostic approaches are confined
only for the treatment of serious health issues. Therefore, nanotechnology based approaches,
especially nanoemulsion, a non-spontaneous, transparent or translucent, kinetically stable nanostructured
(1-1000nm) colloidal dispersion (comprised of oil, water and surfactant/cosurfactant),
are being popularised as a potential topical nanocarrier to deliver BCS class II and
IV anti-neoplastic drugs attributing to its capacity for both active and passive tumor targeting in
controlled or sustained manner and improving bioavailability via enhancing permeabilityretention
effect with minimal adverse effects. Numerous research on nanoemulsion for the
treatment of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer is only limited to preclinical stages
as several physiological variables reduce the effectiveness of nanoemulsion via restricting topical
penetration.
The Association between Cadmium Exposure and Thyroid Function in Animals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nazarian Maryam , Mohammadparast Tabas Pouria , Harifi-Mood Mohammad Sadra , Aramjoo Hamed , Bavali-Gazik Ahmad , Saberi Amirhossein , Peyghambari Yasaman , Mohammadparast-Tabas Peyman , Anghoshtary Amirhosein , Samarghandian Saeed , Farkhondeh Tahereh 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Several studies have indicated an association between
cadmium (Cd) exposure and the induction of thyroid dysfunction in animal models.

Objective and Aims:
There are inconsistent findings on the effect of Cd on the thyroid
gland. Therefore, this systematic study was designed to determine the association
between changes in thyroid function markers and Cd exposure in animals.

Method:
The search was performed on Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and
databases, and Google Scholar until May 2023. Studies on the relationship between
Cd exposure and fish's thyroid function were conducted on rodents and fish.

Results:
In total, 171 articles were obtained from the main databases using the search
strategy mentioned in this study. Finally, 24 articles were selected according to our
inclusion criteria for systematic studies. The findings indicated an increase/decrease or
no change in triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH) levels in rodents, fish, and animals exposed to Cd. Conclusion: Our findings
indicated an association between Cd exposure and thyroid dysfunction in rodents, fish,
and other animals. However, the association between urinary and blood Cd levels and
thyroid function remains unclear in humans because of controversial findings and a
lack of strong mechanistic evidence. We perform large cohort human studies to the
answer to this question.
SkinLiTE: Lightweight Supervised Contrastive Learning Model for Enhanced
Skin Lesion Detection and Disease Typification in Dermoscopic Images
Authors: Alzahrani Salha M. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
This study introduces SkinLiTE, a lightweight supervised contrastive learning model tailored to enhance the detection and typification of skin
lesions in dermoscopic images. The core of SkinLiTE lies in its unique integration of supervised and contrastive learning approaches, which
leverages labeled data to learn generalizable representations. This approach is particularly adept at handling the challenge of complexities and
imbalances inherent in skin lesion datasets.

Methods:
The methodology encompasses a two-phase learning process. In the first phase, SkinLiTE utilizes an encoder network and a projection head to
transform and project dermoscopic images into a feature space where contrastive loss is applied, focusing on minimizing intra-class variations
while maximizing inter-class differences. The second phase freezes the encoder's weights, leveraging the learned representations for classification
through a series of dense and dropout layers. The model was evaluated using three datasets from Skin Cancer ISIC 2019-2020, covering a wide
range of skin conditions.

Results:
SkinLiTE demonstrated superior performance across various metrics, including accuracy, AUC, and F1 scores, particularly when compared with
traditional supervised learning models. Notably, SkinLiTE achieved an accuracy of 0.9087 using AugMix augmentation for binary classification of
skin lesions. It also showed comparable results with the state-of-the-art approaches of ISIC challenge without relying on external data,
underscoring its efficacy and efficiency. The results highlight the potential of SkinLiTE as a significant step forward in the field of dermatological
AI, offering a robust, efficient, and accurate tool for skin lesion detection and classification. Its lightweight architecture and ability to handle
imbalanced datasets make it particularly suited for integration into Internet of Medical Things environments, paving the way for enhanced remote
patient monitoring and diagnostic capabilities.

Conclusion:
This research contributes to the evolving landscape of AI in healthcare, demonstrating the impact of innovative learning methodologies in medical
image analysis.
Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Euphorbia neriifolia (L.) Leaf and Evaluation of their Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Chaudhary Priya , Singh Devendra , Meena Mukesh , Janmeda Pracheta 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Amidst the identification of numerous secondary chemicals from Euphorbia
neriifolia, there is a desperate need for the development of primary metabolite separation techniques.

Objectives:
In order to do that, bioactive chemicals from Euphorbia neriifolia (L.) leaf were extracted,
isolated, and characterized. Subsequently, their antioxidant activity was evaluated.

Methods:
In this study, the determination of linoleic acid (LA) in petroleum ether extract (PEE) of
Euphorbia neriifolia leaf (ENL) was carried out the first time by using thin-layer chromatography
(TLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) methods.

Results:
The chromatographic analysis of the PEE of ENL shows better spots and well-separated
peak of LA with 0.49 retention factor (Rf) value and 22.54 ng LA content. The linearity of the calibration
curve ranges from 5-25 ng/spot with a high correlation coefficient. The proposed method was
characterized by better accuracy close to 99.5%, well robustness, and good precision range from
0.183% (intra-day) to 0.242% (inter-day). The percentage (%) RSD, which determined the stability
of standard LA, did not exceed 2% after time period of 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. The GC-MS analysis
revealed the presence of different types of low or high-molecular-weight phytocompounds of varying
quantities from the fractions of ENL. The FT-IR spectrum of ICs showed various peaks that confirmed
the presence of C=C bending, C-H stretching, O-H stretching, CH2 stretching, and a carboxyl
group. The 1H-NMR spectrum of the ICs from ENL confirmed the presence of octadecanoic in IC1,
L-(+)-ascorbic acid dihexadecanoate in IC2, hexadecanoic acid in IC3, linoleic acid in IC4, and oleic
acid in IC5, respectively. IC-4 showed greater antioxidant activity in comparison to other compounds
with an IC50 value of 3.9 ± 0.01 μg mL-1.

Conclusion:
Thus, the present study identified five different phytocompounds that may be utilized as
an effective option for the cure of different diseases.
Advancements in Natural Alkaloid-Loaded Drug Delivery Systems for Enhanced Peptic Ulcer Treatment: A Review
Authors: Shahin Nagma , Jain Parag , - Ajazuddin , Nagori Kushagra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
Peptic ulcers, which damage the gastrointestinal tract lining, are a significant global health
issue. The traditional approaches to treating peptic ulcers have poor bioavailability, unstable formulations,
and undesirable side effects. Natural alkaloids have garnered increased interest as potential
therapeutic agents in recent years due to their diverse pharmacological actions and decreased toxicity
profiles. This manuscript summarizes recent progress in natural alkaloids for peptic ulcer treatment,
highlighting new drug delivery methods. Natural alkaloids, originating from different plants, have
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, potentially accelerating the healing of
peptic ulcers. Moreover, medicines don't always function properly because they degrade too fast,
don't dissolve well, and have other problems, such as insufficient bioavailability. Creative liposome
delivery systems, microspheres, nanocarriers, and other customized delivery strategies have shown
promise in overcoming these barriers. By distributing the medication gradually and precisely, these
innovative techniques improve the medication and effectiveness at the ulcer site. As a result, natural
ingredients work better and provide better treatment results.
Gender Incongruence: Prevalence and Therapeutic Options Among
Transsexuals Belonging to a Single Center
Authors: Vetri Mario Giuseppe , Greco Annamia , Tobino Cinzia , Rapisardi Giovanni , Grasso Giuseppe , D'Agata Anna Maria 
Published: July 2024

Aim:
This study aimed to describe characteristics and treatment choices among AMABs
(Assigned Male At Birth) and AFABs (Assigned Female At Birth) transgenders enrolled
from March 2021 to July 2023 at the PTA S. Giorgio of the ASP3-Catania

Case History:
A total of 145 patients were studied, and there was no prevalence of
AMAB/AFAB. At first observation for AMABs, the age was 26 years and 25 years for AFABs,
with 11 AMAB/AFAB declared as "non-binary" (average age 17 years).

Results:
In AMAB/AFAB, we evaluated hormonal treatment, efficacy, and dosage/hormonal
levels. In AMABs, oral estradiol valerate (4 mg/day) or transdermal estradiol in gel (2 mg/day)
+ oral cyproterone acetate (25 mg/day) for both estrogenic formulations were used. Testosterone
(TE), LH, FSH, and PRL at baseline and during chronic treatment were measured. In
AFABs, we used injectable TE (250 mg/3-4 weeks or 1 g/12-16 weeks) or transdermal TE (60-
80 mg/day). In these patients, we analyzed blood count, LH, FSH, and TE. Hematocrit, hemoglobin,
and red blood cell count showed a modest elevation after 4-6 months of treatment.
About 32% of AFABs complained of transient uterine bleeding, but no hypertension or ovarian
pathology was detected.

Conclusion:
In AMABs, despite the short observation period, no patient showed an increased
risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Among AFABs, no increased risk of cardiovascular
or cerebrovascular disease was observed. Furthermore, given the complexity of the
phenomenon, the integration between the different professional figures who require specific and
qualified skills is fundamental.
Diseño-arte-ciencia: perspectivas transdisciplinares en ámbitos de la formación doctoral
Authors: Londoño L. Felipe César , Gómez Alzate Adriana 
Published: July 2024

Diseño, arte, ciencia: perspectivas transdisciplinares en ámbitos de la formación doctoral presenta los procesos investigativos que se han llevado a cabo para proponer y estructurar un programa de formación doctoral de carácter latinoamericano en el contexto de indagaciones disruptivas que le apuestan a la innovación educativa. El propósito de integrar diseño-arte-ciencia implica conceptualizar una idea que transforma una tradición investigativa y académica centrada en las divisiones disciplinares del conocimiento para, a partir de diálogos transversales, generar confluencias entre ámbitos de la tecnología, la ética de la vida, la estética de las acciones y los avances científicos que conllevan a que, en conjunto, las investigaciones aporten a la solución de los grandes problemas, para una regeneración socioambiental.

En esta línea, el nuevo programa doctoral se estructura a partir de la voluntad de consiliencia, un concepto instaurado por William Whewell en La filosofía de las ciencias inductivas ([1840] 2017) y posteriormente profundizado por el biólogo humanista Edward Osborne Wilson, quien describe en Consilience: la unidad del conocimiento (1999) la necesidad de entender que un campo del saber estudia un subconjunto de la realidad que depende de factores estudiados por diversas disciplinas para su comprensión holística. Este propósito de integración de saberes ya había sido abordado por C. P. Snow en su polémico libro Las dos culturas y la revolución científica (1988), el cual abre el paso a discusiones futuras en torno a la necesidad de unir conocimientos y cerrar brechas entre las ciencias y las humanidades, para una mejor comprensión de la sociedad.

Los debates en torno a la consiliencia, así como la intención misional de la Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano de extender los trabajos iniciados en arte y ciencia desde la Expedición Botánica en Colombia, las experiencias recopiladas durante 26 años en eventos como el Festival Internacional de la Imagen y los procesos de creación e investigación llevados a cabo por personas vinculadas a la Red MediaLab Brasil de la Universidad Federal de Goias, la maestría en Diseño Interactivo de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, el Museo de Arte Contemporáneo, la maestría en Artes Mediales de la Universidad de Chile y la Cátedra Max Aub Transdisciplina en Arte y Tecnología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México hicieron posible concretar esta propuesta doctoral en Diseño, Arte y Ciencia que hoy se oferta en la Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano. Este artículo también retoma los debates llevados a cabo en EDUMMET-Encuentro Internacional de Intercambios de Aprendizaje, que se realizó en Madrid, España en el año 2022.
The probable impact of policies and policy measures on globalisation
Authors: Losoncz Miklós 
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to identify the impact of the recent economic and non-economic shocks on the globalisation of trade in terms of trade policy and structural openness, and to take a side in the discussion about the reversal, the slowdown, and the continuation of trade globalisation. The report argues that geopolitical decisions based on pure political priorities and different macro- and micro-policies may harm trade globalisation temporarily. Nevertheless, in the long run, underlying economic factors, such as decreasing trade costs and expanding services trade remain the critical driving forces of globalisation. The speed of the process is likely to be slower than before, and its characteristics are different. With weakening multilateralism and increasing fragmentation, the emerging global world order will be suboptimal from the point of view of economic efficiency.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: F01, F02, F13, F60.
A Informal Sector Self-Employed Workers’ Old Age Pension Scheme in Retail Sector in Zimbabwe
Authors: Makochekanwa Albert , Cheure Cheure , Chundu Moses , Mavodyo Elisha 
Published: July 2024

The high incidence of informality in Zimbabwe implies that a large proportion of the adult population does not have access to contributory pension schemes during their working lives, rendering them ineligible for old-age pensions. The primary goal of this research is to develop a pragmatic informal retail sector noncontributory old-age pension scheme in Zimbabwe. The study drew empirical evidence from a comprehensive countrywide study using mixed-methods research. The study concluded that several factors, including the respondents' demographic characteristics, are important considerations in developing an effective non-contributory old-age informal sector pension scheme. Based on the study's findings, the study proposes alternative non-contributory old-age informal sector pension schemes, such as financing the non-contributory old-age social pension, determining the monthly amount of a non-contributory old-age pension, and gradually covering a non-contributory old-age pension gap. The study recommends the introduction of a non-contributory informal sector retirement pension fully funded by the government.
Keywords: retail informal sector old-age pension scheme; social security; informal sector; Zimbabwe.
Penerapan Limbah Nenas Fermentasi Untuk Pengembangan Ayam Kampung Di Desa Tangkit Baru Kabupaten Muaro Jambi
Authors: Noferdiman Noferdiman , Suryono Suryono , Jahidin Jaya Putra 
Published: July 2024

The objectives of this community service (PPM) are as follows: (1) the application of pineapple waste fermentation technology with Trichoderma viride fungi for kampung chicken feed, (2) improving the knowledge and skills of poultry farmers in formulating cost-effective rations, (3) enhancing the knowledge and skills of poultry farmers in more efficient management and better production. The implementation method of community service involves active interaction between the project team and the target groups, which include 40 community members and farmer groups. The key stages in the implementation of the PPM are as follows: (1) dissemination and training, (2) active participation of farmer group members with the establishment of a Technical Consultation Service (TCS) forum for consultation and dialogue between the project team and poultry farmers, (3) hands-on practice in kampung chicken production management and pineapple waste processing using fermentation technology, (4) monitoring and evaluation (Monev) of the community service program in the farmer groups of Tangkit Baru, Muaro Jambi. The results of the community service activities are as follows: (1) the dissemination and training sessions have successfully increased the knowledge and skills of the participants, with the dissemination being rated as good, (2) the application of fermented pineapple waste as kampung chicken feed has been well-received by the farmer groups and the community in Tangkit Baru, Muaro Jambi (3) the implementation of this PPM program has proven highly beneficial for poultry farmers and implementing institutions, as it serves as a platform for the transfer of knowledge and technology, particularly in the traditional and non-business-oriented kampung chicken farming practices, thus optimizing the outcomes of these practices and facilitating the development of kampung chicken farming businesses.