bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appendix 4: Example of Text Analysis
Authors: Nesset Tore 
Published: September 2015

<p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">This appendix provides some points for an analysis of a passage from the <em>Primary Chronicle</em>. The goal is not to offer an exhaustive analysis of the text, but rather give you an idea of how you can approach a medieval text. One thing you will notice when you start working with actual texts is that there is much more variation than you might expect from reading a book like the one you are holding in your hands. However, recall that for example the <em>Primary Chronicle</em> is the result of a long compilation process based on a multitude of sources, and that the text was then copied by different scribes at different places and times. Given this, abundant variation should not come as a surprise. Good luck with your own analyses!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;">Click on the links below to learn more!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: medium;"><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3509/162">Example of text analysis</a><br /></span></p>
Chapter 5. Population viability
Authors: Santos Jorge 
Published: September 2015

<p>This chapter of CONΣERV IT deals with the following questions in aquatic conservation:</p><p>- What is conservation biology?<br />- Do fish populations get extinct or extirpated?<br />- Is it bad that related populations rescue each other?</p><p> </p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3515/140" target="_blank">Extirpation</a></p>
Chapter 7. Diversity: measurement and valuation
Authors: Santos Jorge 
Published: September 2015

<p>This chapter of CONΣERV IT deals with the following questions in aquatic conservation:</p><p><br />- What do ecologists call diversity?<br />- How can we measure changes in diversity in locally impacted areas?<br />- How can we valuate those changes by simple means?</p><p> </p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3517/144" target="_blank">Conservation and valuation of diversity Belize</a></p>
Chapter 4 – Predict the future: trend analysis
Authors: Santos Jorge 
Published: September 2015

<p>QUESTIONS ASKED</p><ul><li>How to assess the state of a fishery with a minimum of information?</li><li>Where to obtain national and regional fishery data?</li><li>How to interpret simple indicators of abundance?</li><li>Do fisheries have typical cycles that can be recognized?</li><li>How to compare and adjust the fishing power of different fleets?</li></ul><p> </p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3599/164">Trend analysis</a></p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3599/165">Standardization of catch rates</a></p>
Chapter 7 – Size and reproduction: yield per recruit models
Authors: Santos Jorge 
Published: September 2015

<p>QUESTIONS ASKED</p><ul><li>What are the bases of the traditional regulations of effort and gear in fisheries?</li><li>What are the trade-offs between fishing early or late on the reproductive potential of the stocks?</li><li>How certain is the advice, and what are the risks?</li></ul><p> </p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3602/171">Yield pr recruit R-based</a></p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3602/172">R-script YR I PR by projection contour F tc</a></p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3602/173">R-script YR II by projection single tc (F and f based)</a></p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3602/174">R-script YR III PR by projection Monte Carlo Risk single F tc</a></p>
Chapter 9 – Rules for the future: forecasts and hindcasts
Authors: Santos Jorge 
Published: September 2015

<p>QUESTIONS ASKED</p><ul><li>How do discuss and agree on fishery management plans for the future?</li><li>Can we develop harvest rules in small-scale fisheries, without models?</li><li>How can we express the probable costs of fishing too much or too little?</li></ul><p> </p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3605/180">Forecasts and harves rules - parametric quotas</a></p><p><a href="/index.php/SapEdu/article/downloadSuppFile/3605/181">Adaptive harvest rules - non-parametric</a></p>
PIBID E OS DESAFIOS DA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE EM REDE
Authors: Assis Alessandra 
Published: September 2015

<p>O artigo discute o processo formativo no âmbito do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) na Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), utilizando a metáfora de rede como referência para refletir sobre potencialidades dessa iniciativa no contexto das políticas de formação de professores no Brasil. Como base empírica, traz a experiência realizada na Bahia no período de 2007 a 2014, apresentando pressupostos, objetivos, estratégias e resultados alcançados. </p>
A new stationary analytical model of the heliospheric current sheet and the plasma sheet
Authors: Kislov Roman A. , Khabarova Olga V. , Malova Helmi V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe develop a single‐fluid 2‐D analytical model of the axially symmetric thin heliospheric current sheet (HCS) embedded into the heliospheric plasma sheet (HPS). A HCS‐HPS system has a shape of a relatively thin plasma disk limited by separatrices that also represent current sheets, which is in agreement with Ulysses observations in the aphelion, when it crossed the HCS perpendicular to its plane. Our model employs a differential rotation of the solar photosphere that leads to unipolar induction in the corona. Three components of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the solar wind speed, and the thermal pressure are taken into account. Solar corona conditions and a HCS‐HPS system state are tied by boundary conditions and the “frozen‐in” equation. The model allows finding spatial distributions of the magnetic field, the speed within the HPS, and electric currents within the HCS. An angular plasma speed is low within the HPS due to the angular momentum conservation (there is no significant corotation with the Sun), which is consistent with observations. We found that the HPS thickness L decreases with distance r, becoming a constant far from the Sun (L ~2.5 solar radii (R0) at 1 AU). Above the separatrices and at large heliocentric distances, the solar wind behavior obeys Parker's model, but the magnetic field spiral form may be different from Parker's one inside the HPS. At r ≤ 245 R0, the IMF spiral may undergo a turn simultaneously with a change of the poloidal current direction (from sunward to antisunward).
Characteristics, vertical structures, and heat/salt transports of mesoscale eddies in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Yang Guang , Yu Weidong , Yuan Yeli , Zhao Xia , Wang Fan , Chen Gengxin , Liu Lin , Duan Yongliang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSatellite altimetry sea surface height measurements reveal high mesoscale eddy activity in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO). In this study, the characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the SETIO are investigated by analyzing 564 cyclonic eddy (CE) tracks and 695 anticyclonic eddy (AE) tracks identified from a new version of satellite altimetry data with a daily temporal resolution. The mean radius, lifespan, propagation speed, and distance of CEs (AEs) are 149 (153) km, 50 (46) days, 15.3 (16.6) cm s−1, and 651 (648) km, respectively. Some significant differences exist in the eddy statistical characteristics between the new‐version daily altimeter data and the former weekly data. Mean vertical structures of anomalous potential temperature, salinity, geostrophic current, as well as heat and salt transports of the composite eddies, are estimated by analyzing Argo profile data matched to altimeter‐detected eddies. The composite analysis shows that eddy‐induced ocean anomalies are mainly confined in the upper 300 dbar. In the eddy core, CE (AE) could induce a cooling (warming) of 2°C between 60 and 180 dbar and maximum positive (negative) salinity anomalies of 0.1 (−0.3) psu in the upper 50 (110) dbar. The meridional heat transport induced by the composite CE (AE) is southward (northward), whereas the salt transport of CE (AE) is northward (southward). Most of the meridional heat and salt transports are carried in the upper 300 dbar.
Computing low‐frequency radar surface echoes for planetary radar using Huygens‐Fresnel's principle
Authors: Berquin Yann , Herique Alain , Kofman Wlodek , Heggy Essam 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRadar echoes from planetary sounders often contain ambiguities between surface echoes (clutter) and subsurface reflections. Such problems severely constrain quantitative data analysis especially for rough terrains. We propose a physical optics approach to simulate planetary sounding radar surface echoes to address this specific issue. The method relies on the Huygens‐Fresnel's principle which permits the recasting of Maxwell's equations in a surface integral formulation. To compute this integral, we describe the surface through a mesh composed of adjacent triangular elements for which we provide an analytical expression of the scattered electromagnetic fields. The main contribution of this work lies in the use of analytical integrals over triangular facet elements much larger than the wavelength of the electromagnetic field. Hence, the advantage of the proposed approach is its computation efficiency which reduces the computational requirements while maintaining the physical optics accuracy. This allows a systematic analysis of the continuously growing planetary sounding radar database. Equations and implementation are detailed in this paper as well as illustrations of obtained results for different instruments (namely, SHARAD and LRS). Our simulation results suggest that the method is able to accurately reproduce the observed clutter in both rough and smooth terrains of the planetary cases discussed in this paper.
Dual control of flow field heterogeneity and immobile porosity on non‐Fickian transport in Berea sandstone
Authors: Gjetvaj Filip , Russian Anna , Gouze Philippe , Dentz Marco 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBoth flow field heterogeneity and mass transfer between mobile and immobile domains have been studied separately for explaining observed anomalous transport. Here we investigate non‐Fickian transport using high‐resolution 3‐D X‐ray microtomographic images of Berea sandstone containing microporous cement with pore size below the setup resolution. Transport is computed for a set of representative elementary volumes and results from advection and diffusion in the resolved macroporosity (mobile domain) and diffusion in the microporous phase (immobile domain) where the effective diffusion coefficient is calculated from the measured local porosity using a phenomenological model that includes a porosity threshold (
) below which diffusion is null and the exponent n that characterizes tortuosity‐porosity power‐law relationship. We show that both flow field heterogeneity and microporosity trigger anomalous transport. Breakthrough curve (BTC) tailing is positively correlated to microporosity volume and mobile‐immobile interface area. The sensitivity analysis showed that the BTC tailing increases with the value of
, due to the increase of the diffusion path tortuosity until the volume of the microporosity becomes negligible. Furthermore, increasing the value of n leads to an increase in the standard deviation of the distribution of effective diffusion coefficients, which in turn results in an increase of the BTC tailing. Finally, we propose a continuous time random walk upscaled model where the transition time is the sum of independently distributed random variables characterized by specific distributions. It allows modeling a 1‐D equivalent macroscopic transport honoring both the control of the flow field heterogeneity and the multirate mass transfer between mobile and immobile domains.
Advances in Optical Metrology
Authors: de Groot Peter 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article reviews selected topics representative of advancements in the optical measurement of shape, texture, geometric dimensions, and position of objects, with applications ranging from stage metrology to surface texture analysis. The unifying theme of this update is the confluence of two technology trends – (1) rapidly advancing component technology, enabling high performance and new techniques and (2) expanding investment in advanced metrology for high value‐added products from consumer electronics to precision‐engineered components.
Milk at altitude: Human milk macronutrient composition in a high‐altitude adapted population of tibetans
Authors: Quinn Elizabeth A. , Diki Bista Kesang , Childs Geoff 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe physiological challenges of high altitude have led to population‐specific patterns of adaptation. These include alterations to child growth and reproduction, including lactation. However, while breastfeeding has been investigated, nothing is known about milk composition in high altitude adapted populations.Materials and MethodsHere, we investigate milk macronutrient composition, volume, and energy in a sample of 82 Tibetans living at high and low altitude in rural villages (Nubri Valley, Nepal) and at low altitude in Kathmandu, Nepal. Milk samples were collected in the morning using hand expression, frozen, and assayed for fat, protein, and total sugars. Reproductive histories and health recalls were also collected.ResultsMilk fat averaged 5.2 ±2.0 g/100 mL, milk sugar 7.37 ± 0.49 g/100 mL, and milk protein 1.26 ± 0.35 g/100 mL for a mean energy density of 81.4 ± 17.4 kcal/100 mL. There were no associations between altitude of residence and milk composition; however, overall milk fat was high compared to reference populations. Within the three groups, milk fat was positively associated with infant age (B = 0.103;p < 0.001) and maternal triceps skinfold thickness (B = 0.095;p < 0.01) while milk sugar was significantly and inversely associated with maternal parity and triceps skinfold thickness.DiscussionMilk fat, and consequently milk energy, may be increased in high‐altitude adapted Tibetans when compared to populations living at low altitude. The association between milk fat and maternal adiposity suggests that milk composition may be sensitive to maternal adiposity in this sample, likely reflecting increased metabolic costs of producing a high‐fat milk. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:233–243, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nature‐Inspired Environmental “Phosphorylation” Boosts Photocatalytic H2 Production over Carbon Nitride Nanosheets under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Liu Guigao , Wang Tao , Zhang Huabin , Meng Xianguang , Hao Dong , Chang Kun , Li Peng , Kako Tetsuya , Ye Jinhua 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInspired by the crucial roles of phosphates in natural photosynthesis, we explored an environmental “phosphorylation” strategy for boosting photocatalytic H2 production over g‐C3N4 nanosheets under visible light. As expected, a substantial improvement was observed in the rate of H2 evolution to 947 μmol h−1, and the apparent quantum yield was as high as 26.1 % at 420 nm. The synergy of enhanced proton reduction and improved hole oxidation is proposed to account for the markedly increased activity. Our findings may provide a promising and facile approach to highly efficient photocatalysis for solar‐energy conversion.
Turning Peptide Sequences into Ribbon Foldamers by a Straightforward Multicyclization Reaction
Authors: Martin Vincent , Legrand Baptiste , Vezenkov Lubomir L. , Berthet Mathéo , Subra Gilles , Calmès Monique , Bantignies Jean‐Louis , Martinez Jean , Amblard Muriel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe conformational control of molecular scaffolds allows the display of functional groups in defined spatial arrangement. This is of considerable interest for developing fundamental and applied systems in both the fields of biology and material sciences. Peptides afford a large diversity of functional groups, and peptide synthetic routes are very attractive and accessible. However, most short peptides do not possess well‐defined secondary structures. Herein, we developed a simple strategy for converting peptide sequences into structured γ‐lactam‐containing oligomers while keeping the amino acids side chain diversity. We showed the propensity of these molecules to adopt ribbon‐like secondary structures. The periodic distribution of the functional groups on both sides of the ribbon plane is encoded by the initial peptide sequence.
A Stimuli‐Responsive Rotaxane–Gold Catalyst: Regulation of Activity and Diastereoselectivity
Authors: Galli Marzia , Lewis James E. M. , Goldup Stephen M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA rotaxane‐based Au catalyst was developed and the effect of the mechanical bond on its behavior was studied. Unlike the non‐interlocked thread, the rotaxane requires a catalytically innocent cofactor, the identity of which significantly influences both the yield and diastereoselectivity of the reaction. Under optimized conditions, AuI (the catalyst), AgI (to abstract the Cl− ligand), and CuI (the cofactor) combine to produce a catalyst with excellent activity and selectivity.
Adjusting the Proportion of Electron‐Withdrawing Groups in a Graft Functional Polymer for Multilevel Memory Performance
Authors: Wu Linxin , Wang Peng , Zhang Chunyu , He Jinghui , Chen Dongyun , Jun Jiang , Xu Qingfeng , Lu Jianmei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA polymer containing aldehyde active groups (PVB) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), acting as a polymer precursor to graft a functional moiety via nucleophilic addition reaction. DHI (2‐(1,5‐dimethyl‐hexyl)‐6‐hydrazino‐benzo[de]isoquinoline‐1,3‐dione) and NPH (nitrophenyl hydrazine) groups, which contain naphthalimides that act as narrow traps and nitro groups that act as deep traps, were anchored onto the PVB at different ratios. A series of graft polymers were obtained and named PVB‐DHI, PVB‐DHI4‐NPH, PVB‐DHI‐NPH4, and PVB‐NPH. The chemical composition of the polymers was analyzed by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Memory devices were prepared from the polymers, and I–V characteristics were measured to determine the performance. By adjusting the ratio of different electron acceptors (DHI and NPH) to 4:1, ternary memory behavior was achieved. The relationship between memory behavior of PVB‐DHIxNPHy and acceptor groups as well as their conduction mechanism were studied in detail.
Dual‐function fluorescent probe for cancer imaging and therapy
Authors: Cui Hongjing , Wang Ran , Zhou Ying , Shu Chang , Song Fengjuan , Zhong Wenying 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo date, several fluorescent probes modified by a single targeting agent have been explored. However, studies on the preparation of dual‐function quantum dot (QD) fluorescent probes with dual‐targeting action and a therapeutic effect are rare. Here, a dual‐targeting CdTe/CdS QD fluorescent probe with a bovine serum albumin–glycyrrhetinic acid conjugate and arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid was successfully prepared that could induce the apoptosis of liver cancer cells and showed enhanced targeting in in vitro cell imaging. Therefore, the as‐prepared fluorescent probe in this work is an efficient diagnostic tool for the simultaneous detection of liver cancer and breast cancer cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bacterial cellulose composites: Synthetic strategies and multiple applications in bio‐medical and electro‐conductive fields
Authors: Ul‐Islam Mazhar , Khan Shaukat , Ullah Muhammad Wajid , Park Joong Kon 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBacterial cellulose (BC), owing to its pure nature and impressive physicochemical properties, including high mechanical strength, crystallinity, porous fibrous structure, and liquid absorbing capabilities, has emerged as an advanced biomaterial. To match the market demand and economic values, BC has been produced through a number of synthetic routes, leading to slightly different structural features and physical appearance. Chemical nature, porous geometry, and 3D fibrous structure of BC make it an ideal material for composites synthesis that successfully overcome certain deficiencies of pure BC. In this review, we have focused various strategies developed for synthesizing BC and BC composites. Reinforcement materials including nanoparticles and polymers have enhanced the antimicrobial, conducting, magnetic, biocompatible, and mechanical properties of BC. Both pure BC and its composites have shown impressive applications in medical fields and in the development of optoelectronic devices. Herein, we have given a special attention to discuss its applications in the medical and electronic fields. In conclusion, BC and BC composites have realistic potential to be used in future development of medical devices, artificial organs and electronic and conducting materials. The contents discussed herein will provide an eye‐catching theme to the researchers concerned with practical applications of BC and BC composites.
Randomized clinical trial investigating the stress response from two different methods of analgesia after laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: Day A R , Smith R V P , Scott M J P , Fawcett W J , Rockall T A 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
One of the key elements of managed recovery is thought to be suppression of the neuroendocrine response using regional analgesics. This may be superfluous in laparoscopic colorectal surgery with small wounds. This trial assessed the effects of spinal analgesia versus intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) on neuroendocrine responses in that setting.

Methods
A randomized clinical trial was conducted with participation of patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery within a managed recovery programme. Consenting patients were allocated randomly to spinal analgesia or morphine PCA as primary postoperative analgesia. The primary outcome was interleukin (IL) 6 levels; secondary outcomes were levels of cortisol, glucose, insulin and other cytokines, pain scores, morphine use and length of hospital stay. Stress response analysis was conducted before operation, and 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after surgery.

Results
Of 143 eligible patients, 133 were randomized and 120 completed the study. Baseline patient characteristics were similar in the two groups. There were no significant differences in median levels of insulin, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, interferon γ, tumour necrosis factor α or vascular endothelial growth factor between the spinal analgesia and PCA groups at any time point. Three hours after surgery (but at no other time point) median (i.q.r.) levels of cortisol (468 (329–678) versus 701 (429–820) nmol/l; P = 0·004) and glucose (6·1 (5·4–7·5) versus 7·0 (6·0–7·7) mmol/l; P = 0·012) were lower in the spinal analgesia group than in the PCA group. Median (i.q.r.) levels of total intravenous morphine were lower in the spinal analgesia group (10·0 (3·3–15·8) versus 45·5 (34·0–60·5) mg; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Spinal analgesia reduced early neuroendocrine responses and overall parenteral morphine use. Registration number: NCT01128088 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).