bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Changes for Reaching Sustainability in Universities
Authors: Deneş Călin , Grecu Valentin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper presents an original approach to the changes required for the transformation of universities in sustainable universities. The focus is on the innovative approach of all activities and relationships of the university: teaching, scientific research and other services offered by the university, the relations of the university with the communities where it operates, inter-university relations, relations with business environment, etc. Based on the experience and information gathered by the authors in the strategic project “Improving University Management”, it is proposed a better, more efficient and more effective way of using the resources of universities, thus sharing the resources within the university and with others partners. Shared resources can belong not only to universities but also to their other collaborating organizations interested in the general progress of the society. This can become reality only if the universities will realize that by working together they can achieve higher performance rather than by simply competing with each other, approach which is not excluded but otherwise addressed.
Management of Sustainable, Credible and Integrated Electronic Voting (E-Voting) System For Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker M. Mesbahuddin , Islam M Nazrul 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In this modern age countries worldwide evince a growing interest in electronic voting (e-Voting), which brings the idea of modernizing elections through electronic systems and provides many advantages such as efficiency, disseminating results more quickly, and in a cost-effective way. The paper gives a brief overview on recent developments of electronic voting systems in Bangladesh by using electronic voting machine (EVM) and addresses some strategies and principles in order to improve accessibility, easiness, accuracy, and security of election for better democratic process.
Quantitative Analysis of the Human Resources Development Operational Programme Supporting Start Up of Business Activity in Poland
Authors: Ślusarczyk Beata , Borycka Beata 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The aim of this article is to describe the rules for the use of the European Social Fund and the assistance provided under the Human Capital Operational Programme, in particular to draw attention to one of his priorities - Market open to everyone. One of the possible actions that the priority is to grant to start a business that contributes to the development of entrepreneurship in Poland. This report presents the results of the use of European funds allocated for this purpose and the number of people who benefited from the assistance offered in the different provinces.
Sustainability in Polish Road Transport Sector
Authors: Grabara Janusz , Mihaescu Liviu 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Today, road transport is the fastest-growing segment of the freight transport in Poland. Due to its dynamic development in the 90's and low barriers to entry of new transport companies the importance of this segment still growing. Low transport rates, the ability to reach every place, as well as high flexibility and reliability of supplies carried are the main advantages of this kind of transport. However, besides the advantages, road transport has disadvantages as well, and the biggest drawback of this type of transport is its negative impact on the environment through the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. In addition, road transport is characterized by high land consumption and noise. This causes that the road transport sector is one of the sectors where actions from the field of sustainable development [1] are performed. This is due to the fact that currently the sustainability issues are very important and the present generation is aware that today's action will affect the quality of life for future generations. Therefore, road transport companies introduce measures to eliminate their negative impact on the environment or on social environment. This article describes the actions aimed at the practical implementation of the concept of sustainable development, conducted by the chosen transport companies.
Parallelism of Olympic and Paralympic Sports in the light of gender stereotypes
Authors: Wiliński Wojciech 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Gender stereotypes are socially-accepted beliefs pertaining to traits characteristic for women and men as well as activities which are universally considered appropriate for them. Sport is one of the areas subject to very strong gender stereotyping, which places itself primarily among masculine values. Referring to the social tendency for using gender stereotypes, the study is aimed at determining the level of parallelism of the Olympic and Paralympic movement, which while striving for integration (close relations), at the same time is weakened by prejudice associated with disability.
Material and methods: The group of subjects consisted of students of Wroclaw University of Physical Education (N=174). They assessed Olympic sports disciplines and their Paralympic equivalents on two independent-five-degree scales: femininity and masculinity. The achieved results have been statistically analyzed by means of repeated measures ANOVA test in the following arrangement: 2 (sex of subjects: women vs. men) x 2 (sports discipline: Olympic vs. Paralympic) x 2 (gender stereotypes: femininity of sports discipline vs. masculinity of sports discipline) x 21( sports disciplines).
Results: The obtained results show that Olympic and Paralympic disciplines treated collectively in the students’ opinion are more masculine than feminine, which confirms the thesis on predominance of the stereotype of masculinity in sport. However, Olympic sports disciplines analyzed individually, occurred to be both more masculine and feminine than their Paralympic counterparts.
Conclusions: In the light of gender stereotypes, paralympic sport appears to be slightly disavowed, which indicates a threat to its parallelism with the Olympic movement. It seems that prejudice connected with sports practiced by persons with disabilities as well as not a very good current situation of Polish Paralympic athletes may account for this alarming result
Evaluation of functional fitness’ participants of the Universities of the Third Age University of Physical Education in Warsaw
Authors: Rutkowska Izabela , Marszałek Jolanta , Piotrowska Joanna , Morgulec-Adamowicz Natalia , Skowroński Waldemar , Rekowski Witold , Kozdroń Ewa 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction: The assessment of functional fitness of older people, who took part in different forms of activities e.g. in programs which are offered by UTW, together with the information about the fitness level, can have a great importance in optimization of motor activation of older people. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in the level of functional fitness and basic parameters of the anthropometric parameters of older women after 16-weeks activity program offered by University of the Third Age (UTW) at the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw.
Material and methods: Ten women at the age of 72,0±5,40 who attended UTW 1,7±0,48 years took part in the study. Women participated in the activities 2-3 a week, and the major activities were Nordic Walking and gymnastics. Moreover they had a chance to attend Tai Chi, swimming and dancing classes. The Fullerton Functional Fitness Test was used to assess women’s functional fitness. Test was done twice - during the second week and at the end of first semester. Results were evaluated with the usage of norms described for particular test trials and age groups (Jones and Rikli 2002). Measurements and evaluation of basic anthropometric parameters were done as well as Body Mass Index was calculated.
Results: At the end of the cycle of activities, it turned out that women achieved better results during the fitness tests than they had after the first test. During evaluation with the usage of norms of Fullerton Fitness Test good level of aerobic endurance, strength and coordination of tested women was noted, however the flexibility test results gave evidence of negligence in this area. It was also discovered that participation in the cycle of physical activities might have been one of the elements that caused positive, considering health, changes in anthropometric parameters of tested women. Reducing of the body mass and the percentage of the fat tissue and regular physical activity had an influence on lean body mass increase.
onclusions: Physical activities done by UTW participants during the program, where the major activities were Nordic Walking and gymnastics, had the influence on improvement of their fitness and positive changes in their anthropometric parameters.
Evaluation of chosen health behaviors of disabled athletes
Authors: Boguszewski Dariusz , Adamczyk Jakub Grzegorz , Ochal Andrzej , Kurkowska Beata , Kamiński Krzysztof 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction: A purpose of the work was diagnosis of chosen lifestyle elements of disabled athletes, compared to inactive disabled persons, characterized by similar kind and the degree of disability.
Material and methods: The questionnaire survey was conducted on 150 disabled persons (31 women; 119 men), from among 98 were active athletes (wheelchair fencing n=32; wheelchair rugby n=31; table tennis n=14; basketball n=9 and other disciplines n=12). Totally 52 inactive disabled persons were in a control group. Juczyński’s Inventory of Healthy Behavior (IHB - where health behaviors are being judged in four categories: eating habits, preventive behaviors, the psychological attitude and health practice) and an author's questionnaire about lifestyle were used as a research tool.
Results: Results show that physically active persons are paying the greater attention to healthy lifestyle than non-active. The total rate of health behaviors (HBR) was higher in the group of athletes (p=0.071). The biggest differences (p=0.000) were noted in eating habits and the smallest in preventive behaviors (p=0.408). Disabled athletes more easily cope with typical problems of the everyday life (like architectural barriers, social isolation). Also they have more often undertake paid work and take part in other fields (culture, tourism).
Conclusions: During examination a positive effect of the practicing sport on health behaviors, the frame of mind, self-assessment and participation in the social and professional life was proved. So it seems reasonable to promote sport and physical activity among disables people.
The State of Knowledge at Warsaw Universities about the Occurrence and Reasons for the Syndrome of Spinal Pain at the society
Authors: Bartosiewicz Zygmunt 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this work is to discover how deep is the knowledge of students graduating from three different Warsaw universities The Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw , The Medical University of Warsaw and the Warsaw University of Technology) about the occurrence of and reasons for the syndrome of spinal pain.
Material and methods: In research took part 150 students from V year of study from three Warsaw universities. 50 of them were from the Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 50 from the Medical University of Warsaw and 50 from the Warsaw University of Technology. The students were interviewed at the end of January and in February 2010 with a specially created questionnaire.
Results: The state of knowledge about the occurrence and reasons of the syndrome of spinal pain at the society of students of Warsaw colleges is varied depending on the college of graduation. The Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw and Medical University of Warsaw interviewees drew analogous and satisfactory levels of knowledge but the Warsaw University of Technology students showed serious deficiencies.
Conclusions: The state of knowledge about the occurrence and reasons for the syndrome of spinal pain at the society of students of Medical University of Warsaw and The Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw is sufficient and satisfactory but it is definitely too low in case of Warsaw University of Technology students. Students from the last group did not realize that spinal problems relate also to young people. It is worth promoting knowledge about preventing spinal problems among all students, starting at a very early stage of their studies, so as not to allow those problems to develop just before those young people start their carriers in the labor market.
Evaluation of selected forms of physical activity of older people - pilot study
Authors: Ogonowska-Słodownik Anna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Regular physical activity can prevent sharp decline in the level of physical fitness of older people [1]. Both the quantity and quality of physical activity are important [2]. The aim of this study was to evaluate selected forms of physical activity of older people in terms of intensity of effort.
Material and methods: In the study participated 10 women at the age of 73.6 ± 6.5 years, from the Third Age University at the University of Physical Education in Warsaw. The study included four forms: gymnastics, Nordic walking, dancing and Tai Chi. The study used IDEEA device (Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity) and a pulse recorder (Polar). In addition, each of the woman immediately after class evaluated its intensity with the 20 points Borg Scale.
Results: The results indicate a large diversity of physical activity in terms of work done, energy consumption, heart rate. Nordic Walking classes were most intense (2.8 kJ/min, 3.5 kcal/min, 101.5 beats/min) and Tai Chi was least intense (0.5 kJ/min, 1.6 kcal/min , 65 beats/ min). Subjective evaluation of intensity (Borg Scale) of the trainings confirms the values obtained by the objective methods - quite heavy (14 points) in Nordic Walking and very light (10 points) in Tai Chi.
Conclusions: There is a need for a reliable analysis of proposed forms for the elderly in Poland. Using multiple measurement tools will help to increase the objectivity of the evaluation and defining their impact on the capabilities of older people. A comprehensive assessment can be used in programming physical activity for older people.
Ergotrophic and trophotropic relaxation techniques as a way of patient’s pain management - pilot study
Authors: Kulmatycki Lesław , Katarzyna Torzyńska , Boroń-Krupińska Krystyna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction: In Wroclaw experiment investigated whether and to what extent participation in a four-day short courses relaxation affects the experience of pain and whether there is a difference in the experience of pain in participants of trophotropic and ergotropic relaxation activities.
Material and methods: Participants according to preferences of strategy of how to cope with pain were assigned to the two groups. Ergotropic relaxation group was represented at trial by a "movement meditation" concern practice-oriented activity of the body and body work. Trophotropic relaxation group was represented at trial by "meditation seat" and focus more on the content of consciousness while maintaining the passivity of the body. The experiment was performed in the Psychology Unit (University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw) in the relaxation room. Fourteen people took part in this research (10 women and 4 men in the age between 35-55). During experiment all individuals were asked to complete a questionnaire CSQ (Coping Strategies Questionnaire) A.C. Rosenstiel'a and F.J. Keefe'go and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) as a pain scale. VAS scale was used before (pre-test) and after (post-test) relaxation training.
Results: Both groups, ergotropic as well as trophotropic, reduced experience of pain. After relaxation session (post-test) according to VAS scale the mean score of the ergotropic relaxation group was 2,7 and for trophotropic group - 3,8. It was statistically significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusions: The experiment showed that the technique of dynamic relaxation was more effective in reducing pain. Perhaps the choice of relaxation techniques aimed at changing the perception of discomfort, we should take into account the ability of how to cope and reduce pain. Perhaps this is the most important factor when choosing a specific relaxation technique
Impact of local cryogymnastic on functional efficiency, quality of life and pain perception among patients with gonarthrosis
Authors: Pop Teresa , Skrzypek Bartłomiej , Pop Katarzyna , Rusek Wojciech 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Gonarthrosis is the most common disease of peripheral joints. Among population of developing countries, it concerns about 70% of people over 65 year of age. Because its chronic, progressive and irreversible nature it is one of the most common cause of work incapacity. It is also a common cause of disability in people in six decade of life.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryogymnastic on quality of life and functional efficiency of patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Material and methods: The study consisted of group of 50 people diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the knee (gonarthrosis). Patients were tested twice. First examination was conducted before the start of therapy, a second examination was conducted after 10 treatments cryotherapy. To evaluate the results of cryogymnastic we used goniometric measurement, WOMAC questionnaire and functional test Up & Go.
Results: We found that applied local cryotherapy and exercise in studied group had been effective in increasing joint range of motion, improving quality of life and patients’ functional efficiency.
Conclusions:
1. Our treatment for patients with knee arthritis after local cryotherapy and exercises improved significantly joint range of motion, quality of life and functional efficiency.
2. Local cryotherapy is a safe procedure and well tolerated by patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Ethics and EBM in physiotherapy and in occupational therapy
Authors: Fijałkowska Barbara 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
While there is a plenitude of analyses of moral issues in medicine and biomedical sciences, there is much less on related fields as physiotherapy or occupational therapy. Obviously, most of moral principles for physicians applies also to physiotherapists and occupational therapists as well. However there are some specific differences between medical “main stream” and related sciences.
Primo, physiotherapist and occupational therapist provide care to an exceptional kind of patient: to a person with disability. That makes the range of professional and moral obligations also exceptional. It is visibly clear with the use of ICF (International Classification of Functioning) in a complex definition of disability.
Secundo, in physiotherapy and occupational therapy there is a slightly different kind of relationship between patient and therapist: it is much more profound and much more personal, what imposes specific moral obligations towards patients.
Tertio, EBM (Evidence Based Medicine) has different meaning and different role in related fields. As EBM is a core of current medicine, it has to be re-defined for the use of physiotherapy and occupational therapy.
Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) is characterized not only as a procedure of clinical reasoning but also as a system of hierarchy of scientific research and scientific publications. Then four classes of constraints of EBM are examined, based on philosophy and ethics, concerning Randomized Controlled Trials as golden standard of evidence and treating EBM as a kind of matrix of clinical reasoning. On such basis the place of EBM in physiotherapy and occupational therapy is being indicated. The main issue of the article is EBM in physiotherapy and occupational therapy, as it focuses all the differences of the first and of the second type. In the end, the coordination model is discussed as it ensured the career of EBM in physiotherapy and occupational therapy.
Comparison of the level of coordination motor abilities in boys with sensory impairments and able-bodied peers
Authors: Rutkowska Izabela , Stranowska Katarzyna , Molik Bartosz , Bednarczuk Grzegorz , Koc Krzysztof , Kaźmierska Kalina 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Looking for solutions to improve physical fitness of persons with sensory impairments, both in the context of physiotherapy and the creation of adapted physical activity programs in the physical education and extracurricular activities, it seems important to determine the effect of sensory impairments at the level of coordination motor abilities (CMA). The aim of the study was to compare the coordination motor abilities of blind, deaf and able-bodied boys aged 14-17.
Material and methods: The research was carried out on 37 boys: totally blind students (14) from the Education Centre for Blind Children in Laski, deaf students (18) from Deaf Institute in Warsaw and able-bodied peers (15) from School No.51 in Warsaw. The following tests evaluating selected CMA were used in the research: spatial orientation, dynamic balance, high frequency of movement, rhythmicising, kinesthetic differentmiation, connection of movement. Participants performed motor tests such as: walking into goal, turn on a bar of a gym bench, flat tapping, rhythmic drumming of upper and lower limbs, long jump at 50% capacity, transfering a gym stick, skiping with clapping under the knees, The Starosta Global Coordination Test. Measurements and evaluation of basic anthropometric parameters were done as well as Body Mass Index was calculated. Means of results of every tests were evaluated through nonparametric Krauskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance between the groups was determined using the U Mann-Whitney test.
Results: Coordination motor abilities differentiated the groups of boys - blind, deaf and able-bodied. The lowest level of the CMA was obtained in a group of blind boys and there were only little differences between the deaf and able-bodied participants. For the blind boys the most difficult test was rotation on the bench gym, which may indirectly indicate low level of dynamic balance.
Conclusions: The ability to rhythmic whole body and spatial orientation were the CMA that needed improvement in the group of deaf boys. There is no correlation between the results obtained in tests of CMA and body height, weight, BMI and age of individuals
Cooper and Shuttle Run Test in Young Students: Results and Correlations
Authors: Lovecchio Nicola , Merati Matteo , Guasti Mauro , Casolo Francesco , Eid Luca 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Young people performance is often used to define the well-being and physical activity level. Several studies were assessed in school environments where more sedentary students were recruitable. As such, over 3800 students were tested with Shuttle Run Test (5m x 10) and Cooper endurance test during Physical Education classes. Shuttle Run Test was assessed according to the instructions given by Eurofit battery while the endurance trial was run in the playing field of each school. All phases of the test were run by teachers who collected data. During growth, males and females followed different trends: females showed the highest peak between 11 and 12 years while males between 13 and 14 years. Between 11 and 14 females increased their weight by about 10 kgs, while males gained 16 kgs. During Shuttle Run Test, the mean time spent performing the trial was 19,27 sec (M) and 20,25 sec (F). In both sexes the 13 and 14 year-old students were quickest while the 12 year-old students were the slowest. Males performed the test between 3200 m and 810 m while females performed 1795 m (on average). Statistical differences were found only between Cooper test and gender in all age groups. Disinclination for active life style is widespread however school education programs could reach all young people and arrange the tendency of students towards sport and well being.