bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Factors Affecting Range of Motion Loss after Elbow Joint Release Surgery in Elderly Patients with Traumatic Elbow Stiffness
Authors: Zhang Lipeng , Qu Fufeng , Zhao Xudong 
Published: August 2024

AIM: Elbow joint release surgery is commonly used to treat elbow joint stiffness. Though it can restore elbow joint mobility, some patients may still experience range of motion (ROM) loss after surgery. Therefore, this study aims to explore the factors influencing ROM loss after elbow joint release surgery in elderly patients with traumatic elbow stiffness.
METHODS: This retrospective study included 122 elderly patients with traumatic elbow stiffness who underwent elbow joint release surgery at Hanzhong Central Hospital from January 2023 to April 2024. The patients with range of motion loss were included in the observation group (n = 41), and those without range of motion loss were placed in the control group (n = 81). The general data of the two groups were compared, and Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing the loss of ROM after elbow joint release surgery in elderly patients with traumatic elbow stiffness. A risk prediction model was also established based on the identified risk factors.
RESULTS: Multivariate Logistic regression analysis unveiled that high-energy injury (odds ratio (OR) = 4.632, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.363∼15.737), open injury (OR = 3.967, 95% CI = 1.308∼12.029), passive rehabilitation method (OR = 10.115, 95% CI = 1.113∼91.924), injury-to-release surgery time of ≥6 months (OR = 5.983, 95% CI = 1.677∼21.350), heterotopic ossification traumatic factors (OR = 5.409, 95% CI = 1.316∼22.224), and complex elbow joint damage (OR = 5.658, 95% CI = 1.457∼21.962) were all independent risk factors for ROM loss following elbow joint release surgery in elderly patients with traumatic elbow stiffness (p < 0.05). A risk prediction model was developed based on these factors, indicating a predictive sensitivity of 73.17%, a specificity of 69.14%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.767.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinically, the independent risk factors identified in this study should be closely monitored. Furthermore, treatment should be tailored based on the specific conditions of the patient, and high-risk factors should be effectively controlled to reduce the risk of ROM loss after elbow joint release surgery in traumatic elbow joint stiffness elderly patients.
The Use of Technology in Support of the Basic Sciences Labs at the Los Angeles College of Chiropractic
Authors: Goubran Emile Z. , Doss Thomas A. , Awad Sameh A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The use of technology in the classroom has been a subject of great interest to health care educators. The literature provides many examples on how technology can support the educational process in various aspects of the health care field. On that basis, the Los Angeles College of Chiropractic began to find ways to implement technology in some of its classes. The purpose of this paper is to share the authors' experience on how technology is used to deliver instruction and develop testing material for the students. Some of the basic sciences labs at the Los Angeles College of Chiropractic have taken advantage of the available video and computer technology to develop instructional material for class presentations as well as setting on-screen testing for the students in histology, pathology, and microbiology laboratories. The developed instructional material and on-screen test material are available for students' use on the college's intranet, which can be accessed from on campus or off campus.
A Primer on Sexual Harassment for Chiropractic Practice and Educational Settings
Authors: Wells Keith A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Although sexual harassment is a widely discussed and examined topic in today's public arena, there are less than 10 citations about this subject written by chiropractors directed to the chiropractic profession in the peer-reviewed literature. The purposes of this review are to provide a brief history of the development of sexual harassment law, define and describe sexual harassment according to the law, educate chiropractic practitioners and educators about the legal obligations for employers and the penalties for violations, and provide a suggested prevention paradigm against harassment. Several general and health science databases were searched for citations on the subject of sexual harassment. Search terms included sexual harassment, sexual misconduct, professional-patient relationship, doctor-patient relationship, professional boundaries, and multiple combinations of these terms and phrases using Boolean operators. This review explores sexual harassment from its legal historical development to a “virtues-based” prevention paradigm. Much of the research performed on sexual harassment is consistent and has been duplicated. Men are usually the perpetrators of sexual harassment and women are usually the victims. Sexual harassment in the health science practice and educational settings is prevalent. It is unknown to what extent sexual harassment exists in chiropractic offices and on chiropractic college campuses. There is a need for research on this topic within chiropractic. Chiropractors are positioned either to perpetuate sexual harassment or be change agents in reducing its prevalence in their surroundings. It is reasonable to believe if chiropractors behave according to the premium they place on human health and dignity, sexual harassment could fade away in their spheres of influence.
Long‐term change of CO2 latitudinal distribution in the upper troposphere
Authors: Matsueda Hidekazu , Machida Toshinobu , Sawa Yousuke , Niwa Yosuke 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe analyzed temporal variations in the annual mean latitudinal distribution of upper tropospheric CO2 using the aircraft measurements taken between Japan and Australia over the period 1993–2013, plus earlier data from 1984 and 1985. The observed CO2 latitudinal gradient between 30°N and 30°S showed large interannual variations that are clearly associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation events. We also found long‐term increasing trends of the CO2 gradients in the most northern latitudes that are proportionally associated with increasing fossil fuel emissions, while decreasing trends were found around the tropical regions. Extrapolation of the changes in the CO2 gradient back to zero fossil fuel emissions showed a negative north‐south gradient with lower CO2 in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere, as well as a regional CO2 elevation in the tropical regions. These features provide a useful constraint on model estimates of CO2 fluxes from the ocean and the land biosphere.
Redistribution of black carbon in aerosol particles undergoing liquid‐liquid phase separation
Authors: Brunamonti S. , Krieger U. K. , Marcolli C. , Peter T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAtmospheric black carbon (BC) is a major anthropogenic greenhouse agent, yet substantial uncertainties obstruct understanding its radiative forcing. Particularly debated is the extent of the absorption enhancement by internally compared to externally mixed BC, which critically depends on the interior morphology of the BC‐containing particles. Here we suggest that a currently unaccounted morphology, optically very different from the customary core‐shell and volume‐mixing assumptions, likely occurs in aerosol particles undergoing liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS). Using Raman spectroscopy on micrometer‐sized droplets, we show that LLPS of an organic/inorganic model system drives redistribution of BC into the outer (organic) phase of the host particle. This results in an inverted core‐shell structure, in which a transparent aqueous core is surrounded by a BC‐containing absorbing shell. Based on Mie theory calculations, we estimate that such a redistribution can increase the absorption efficiency of internally mixed BC aerosols by up to 25% compared to the core‐shell approximation.
The 2014 effusive eruption at Stromboli volcano (Italy): Inferences from soil CO2 flux and 3He/4He ratio in thermal waters
Authors: Rizzo Andrea Luca , Federico Cinzia , Inguaggiato Salvatore , Sollami Aldo , Tantillo Mariano , Vita Fabio , Bellomo Sergio , Longo Manfredi , Grassa Fausto , Liuzzo Marco 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA new eruption started at Stromboli on 6 August 2014, which had been preceded by 2 months of increased Strombolian activity and several lava overflows from the craters. The eruption was characterized by a lava effusion in Sciara del Fuoco from a fracture at 650 m above sea level that lasted until 13–17 November. Here we present the first geochemical observations of this eruption, based on the soil CO2 flux in the summit area and on 3He/4He ratios in the thermal waters near Stromboli village. We infer that this eruption was triggered by the gradual replenishment of the feeding system by a CO2‐ and 3He‐rich magma at the end of 2013 and after June 2014, suggested by the increase in 3He/4He ratio before eruption, which reached its highest value since 2007. We thus infer that this eruption was unusual, and we finally speculate on the evolutionary scenario of posteruption.
MC‐PEPTITA: A Monte Carlo model for Photon, Electron and Positron Tracking In Terrestrial Atmosphere—Application for a terrestrial gamma ray flash
Authors: Sarria D. , Blelly P.‐L. , Forme F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTerrestrial gamma ray flashes are natural bursts of X and gamma rays, correlated to thunderstorms, that are likely to be produced at an altitude of about 10 to 20 km. After the emission, the flux of gamma rays is filtered and altered by the atmosphere and a small part of it may be detected by a satellite on low Earth orbit (RHESSI or Fermi, for example). Thus, only a residual part of the initial burst can be measured and most of the flux is made of scattered primary photons and of secondary emitted electrons, positrons, and photons. Trying to get information on the initial flux from the measurement is a very complex inverse problem, which can only be tackled by the use of a numerical model solving the transport of these high‐energy particles. For this purpose, we developed a numerical Monte Carlo model which solves the transport in the atmosphere of both relativistic electrons/positrons and X/gamma rays. It makes it possible to track the photons, electrons, and positrons in the whole Earth environment (considering the atmosphere and the magnetic field) to get information on what affects the transport of the particles from the source region to the altitude of the satellite. We first present the MC‐PEPTITA model, and then we validate it by comparison with a benchmark GEANT4 simulation with similar settings. Then, we show the results of a simulation close to Fermi event number 091214 in order to discuss some important properties of the photons and electrons/positrons that are reaching satellite altitude.
High‐resolution projections of 21st century daily precipitation for the contiguous U.S.
Authors: Schoof J. T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChanges in precipitation have the potential to produce wide ranging impacts across human and natural systems. Here precipitation projections from select Atmosphere‐Ocean General Circulation Models and Earth Systems Models participating in Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project are downscaled to a high‐resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) grid covering the contiguous U.S. to improve spatial and temporal characteristics of the model‐derived projections and derive multiple descriptors of 21st century precipitation climate. Projections for the Northeast, Pacific Northwest, and the high elevations of the Rocky Mountains are characterized by increases in total annual precipitation, with the magnitude depending strongly on the level of radiative forcing. Parts of the southern U.S. are projected to experience moderate precipitation decreases under all forcing scenarios. Increases in total annual precipitation are associated primarily with changes in precipitation intensity during the cold season. Significant precipitation decreases are projected for parts of the southern U.S. in all seasons except autumn and are associated primarily with changes in precipitation occurrence. Many locations in the eastern U.S. are projected to experience longer extreme dry spells and longer extreme wet spells, reflecting an increase in the serial correlation of precipitation. Conversely, many western locations are projected to experience shorter dry spells and wet spells, reflecting a decrease in the serial correlation of precipitation. Most locations are projected to experience an increase in extreme precipitation, reflected in increases in the mean annual single‐day maximum precipitation and the number of heavy (>10 mm) and very heavy (>20 mm) precipitation days.
Streamer formation and branching from model hydrometeors in subbreakdown conditions inside thunderclouds
Authors: Sadighi Samaneh , Liu Ningyu , Dwyer Joseph R. , Rassoul Hamid K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractElectric field values measured inside thunderclouds have consistently been reported to be up to an order of magnitude lower than the value required for the conventional electrical breakdown of air. This result has made it difficult to explain how lightning frequently occurs in thunderclouds. A few different theories have been offered to explain the lightning initiation process, one of them being the theory of lightning initiation from hydrometeors. According to this theory, lightning can be initiated from electrical discharges originating around thundercloud water or ice particles in the measured thundercloud electric field. These particles, called hydrometeors, are believed to cause significant enhancement of the thundercloud electric field in their vicinity and then initiate streamers that are the precursor discharges for the hot lightning leader channel. Previously, Liu et al. (2012a) reported streamer formation from a model hydrometeor in an electric field value of half of the conventional breakdown threshold (Ek) for air. In this paper, we present modeling results for streamer formation in electric fields as low as one third of the breakdown threshold. According to our results, initiation of stable streamers from thundercloud hydrometeors in a 0.3Ek electric field is possible, only if enhanced ambient ionization levels (e.g., the ionization created by corona discharges around the same or other nearby hydrometeors) are present ahead of the streamer. The magnitude and distribution of this ambient density may be a determining factor on whether the streamer branches, recovers after the prebranching stage, or continues propagating stably. We investigate the streamer branching behavior and characteristics and test a theory that has recently been proposed to explain this phenomenon. We find that the geometry of the streamer head plays an important role in the streamer branching phenomena. The fast radial movement of the maximum streamer head curvature, combined with the slow reduction of the maximum curvature value, eventually leads the streamer head to branching. Finally, we compare our modeling results with laboratory experiments and realistic thundercloud conditions and discuss the implications of this study to lightning initiation and other lightning‐related phenomena.
Is climate change implicated in the 2013–2014 California drought? A hydrologic perspective
Authors: Mao Yixin , Nijssen Bart , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCalifornia has experienced severe drought in 2012–2014 (which appears to be continuing into 2015), with especially low winter precipitation and mountain snowpack in winter 2013–2014. However, the extent to which climate change is implicated in the drought, if at all, is not clear. By applying modeling and statistical approaches, we construct a historical record of California snowpack, runoff, and other hydrological variables of almost 100 years in length and use the reconstructed records to analyze climate trends in the Sierra Nevada and their impact on extreme drought events in the historic record. We confirm a general warming trend and associated decreasing trends in spring snowpack and runoff. We find that the warming may have slightly exacerbated some extreme events (including the 2013–2014 drought and the 1976–1977 drought of record), but the effect is modest; instead, these drought events are mainly the result of variability in precipitation.
A case study on ionospheric scintillations at low latitude associated with a plasma blob observed in situ
Authors: Wang Z. , Shi J. K. , Torkar K. , Wang G. J. , Wang X. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn general, ionospheric scintillations at low latitude are considered as signatures of equatorial plasma bubbles (depletions). However, some authors considered that scintillations may also be associated with plasma blobs (enhancements), but there was no in situ measurement hitherto to confirm it. We performed a case study on the concurrent observation of an ionospheric plasma blob with in situ measurements by ROCSAT‐1 (i.e. Formosa satellite‐1) and of GPS amplitude scintillations in the low‐latitude ionosphere on 1 June 2003. The blob measured in situ had a scale size of about 800 km in the F layer, and the ion density inside the blob was severely disturbed. Amplitude scintillation with S4 > 0.3 was observed concurrently in the same longitude range as the blob measured. This case study provides evidence of simultaneously observed GPS amplitude scintillations and a blob in situ, and it confirms that scintillations can be associated with plasma blobs in the low‐latitude ionosphere.
Effect of rainpower on hurricane intensity
Authors: Sabuwala Tapan , Gioia Gustavo , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRain pours in a hurricane at a rate of some 2 km3/d, the equivalent of river Ganges cascading from the sky. The “rainpower,” or energy per unit time that is lost to friction as rain falls through a hurricane, has not been quantified, and its effect on hurricane intensity remains unknown. Here we use satellite data to show that the rainpower is on the same order of magnitude as the ocean‐derived power that fuels the hurricane. By coupling the satellite data to a suitably modified version of the Carnot‐heat‐engine model of hurricanes, we estimate that rainpower lessens hurricane intensity by 20% on average, bringing the predicted intensities of North Atlantic hurricanes into a much improved accord with a 30 year record of observations. Our findings have implications for weather and climate change forecasting.
Interlayer bonding energy of layered minerals: Implication for the relationship with friction coefficient
Authors: Sakuma Hiroshi , Suehara Shigeru 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe frictional strength of layered minerals is an important component of fault slip physics. A low‐friction coefficient of these minerals has been attributed to the interlayer bonding energy (ILBE) of their weak interlayer bonding. The ILBE used for discussing the friction coefficient is based on a simple electrostatic calculation; however, the values should be revisited by precise calculations based on quantum mechanics. In this study, the ILBEs of layered minerals were calculated by using the density functional theory (DFT) method with van der Waals correction. The ILBEs calculated by the simple electrostatic method for hydrogen‐bonding minerals such as kaolinite, lizardite, gibbsite, and brucite strongly overestimated the reliable energies calculated by the DFT method. This result should be ascribed to the inaccurate approximation of the point charges at the basal plane. A linear relationship between the experimentally measured friction coefficients of layered minerals and the ILBEs determined by the simple method was not confirmed by using the reliable ILBEs calculated by our DFT method. The results, however, do not remove the possibility of a relationship between interlayer bonding energy and the friction coefficient because the latter, used for comparing the former, was obtained through experiments conducted under various conditions.
Geminiviridae
Authors: Briddon Rob W 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

The
Geminiviridae
comprise a group of plant viruses with small, circular, single‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) genomes encapsidated in particles that have a twinned quasi‐icosahedral (geminate) shape, from which the family derives its name. They are among the smallest of viruses known and are transmitted exclusively by specific insect vectors. Some are associated with highly diverse circular, ssDNA satellites that play a part in disease progression and provide evidence of the interaction of geminiviruses with other families of plant‐infecting viruses. Collectively, geminiviruses are pathogens of cereals, vegetable and fibre crops, posing a serious threat to agriculture worldwide. Efforts to control these viruses by conventional means have either proven unsuccessful or have not been durable. For this reason, researchers are increasingly looking to engineered resistance as a means to control these important viruses. This has recently led to the first crop with engineered resistance to a geminivirus reaching the field.

Key Concepts

Geminiviruses are important insect‐transmitted pathogens of cereal, vegetable and fibre crops in tropical and temperate regions throughout the world, including developed and developing countries.

Geminiviruses often cause striking symptoms in plants, indeed the earliest description of virus symptoms in plants is believed to relate to those caused by a geminivirus and such symptoms occasionally are considered to be horticulturally desirable.

All geminiviruses have single‐stranded DNA genomes and a twinned particle morphology that is unique to this family of plant viruses.

Some geminiviruses are associated with single‐stranded DNA satellites, referred to as alpha‐ and betasatellites, the latter playing an essential role in maintenance of the disease.

Because their small DNA genomes encode only a limited number of genes, geminiviruses manipulate the metabolism of the infected cell to produce conditions suitable for their proliferation.

Geminiviruses are proving invaluable in the investigation of fundamental biological processes such as DNA replication, cell‐cycle regulation, gene expression and pathogen resistance in plants.

Geminiviruses are highly recombinogenic, and the derivation of a large number of geminivirus and satellite DNA sequences is providing important insights into their diversity, adaptability and evolution.

Conventional control strategies, such as the use of chemicals to eliminate their insect vectors and breeding natural host plant resistance, have proven ineffective in reducing crop losses to geminivirus infection, leading to the development of promising alternative (genetically engineered) strategies.

Sequences derived from geminiviruses are being used to develop systems for high‐level expression of valuable proteins in plants.