bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental perceptions of neighborhood environments, BMI, and active behaviors in girls aged 7–9 years
Authors: Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides M. , Santana Ana , Gama Augusta , Mourão Isabel , Nogueira Helena , Rosado Victor , Padez Cristina 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesHabitual physical activity (PA) may be influenced by a broad range of neighborhood, school, community, and family factors. Young people, particularly girls, tend to show lower habitual PA than boys and should be a target for prevention strategies aimed at healthy lifestyles. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine which perceived attributes about neighborhoods are related to active behaviors; (2) to analyze which perceived attributes about neighborhoods are related to body mass index (BMI) of children.MethodsThe sample was comprised of 1,886 girls aged 7–9 years. Height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated subsequently. Participants were classified as normal weight or overweight/obese (Cole et al. [2000]: BMJ 320: 1240‐1243). Environmental variables and physical activities were assessed by questionnaire filled out by their parents—the Environmental Module of the International Physical Activity Prevalence Study (IPS, 2002) was used. Multiple linear regressions, with adjustments for confounding variables, were used.ResultsData revealed that neighborhoods with recreational facilities and infrastructure for walking and cycling were predictors of active behaviors; neighborhood safety was an additional related factor of habitual PA. On the other hand, neighbors with better access to destinations and with interesting things to look at while walking were significantly associated with lower BMI in Portuguese children.ConclusionThe study found some significant relationships between parental perceptions of the environment and BMI and habitual PA of Portuguese girls, especially related to security for walking and unpleasant neighborhoods, and access to destinations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:670–675, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects on mechanical properties and crystallization of poly (l‐lactic acid) reinforced by cellulosic fibers with different scales
Authors: Lu Tingju , Jiang Man , Xu Xiaoling , Zhang Shengli , Hui David , Gou Jihua , Zhou Zuowan 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTBacterial cellulose (BC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and bamboo cellulosic fibers (BCFs) were used to reinforce poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) based bio‐composites. The mechanical properties and crystallization of the composites were studied through mechanical testing, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and polarizing microscope. The incorporation of all three kinds of cellulose increased the stiffness of the composites compared to pure PLLA. The reinforcing effect of the MCC in the composites is most significant. The Young's modulus and impact toughness of the MCC/PLLA composites were increased by 44.4% and 58.8%, respectively. The tensile strength of the MCC/PLLA composites was increased to 71 MPa from 61 MPa of PLLA. However, the tensile strength of the composites reinforced with BCF or BC was lower than PLLA. The three kinds of cellulosic fibers improved the crystallization of PLLA. The BC with smallest size provided the composites with smallest grain and highest crystallinity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41077.
A competitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay method for β‐defensin‐2 detection in transgenic mice
Authors: Yang Xi , Zhou Tao , Yu Lei , Tan Wenwen , Zhou Rui , Hu Yonggang 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA competitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) method for porcine β‐defensin‐2 (pBD‐2) detection in transgenic mice was established. Several factors that affect detection, including luminol, p‐iodophenol and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, as well as pH, were studied and optimized. The linear range of the proposed method for pBD‐2 detection under optimal conditions was 0.05–80 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9960. Eleven detections of a 30 ng/mL pBD‐2 standard sample were performed. Reproducible results were obtained with a relative standard deviation of 3.94%. The limit of detection of the method for pBD‐2 was 3.5 pg/mL (3σ). The proposed method was applied to determine pBD‐2 expression levels in the tissues of pBD‐2 transgenic mice, and compared with LC‐MS/MS and quantitative real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. This suggests that the CLEIA can be used as a valuable method to detect and quantify pBD‐2. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an LC‐MS/MS method for determination of bicalutamide on dried blood spots: application to pharmacokinetic study in mice
Authors: P. S. Suresh , Vijay Kumar S. , Kumar Avinash , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA rapid and highly sensitive assay method has been developed and validated for the estimation of bicalutamide (BCL) on mouse dried blood spots (DBS) using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in the negative‐ion mode. The assay procedure involves a simple liquid extraction of BCL and tolbutamide (internal standard, IS) from mouse blood DBS cards using tert‐butyl methyl ether. Chromatographic separation was achieved with 5 mm ammonium acetate (pH 6.5)–acetonitrile (35:65, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.60 mL/min on an Atlantis dC18 column with a total run time 3.0 min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 428.80 → 254.70 for BCL and 269.00 → 169.60 for IS. Method validation was performed as per regulatory guidelines. A linear response function was observed from 0.92 to 1911 ng/mL for BCL in mouse blood. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were in the ranges of 1.86–12.5 and 3.19–10.8%, respectively. This novel DBS method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
President's page
Authors: Bruce Harry 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEDITOR'S SUMMARYAs Association president, Harry Bruce attended a meeting of the Council of Scientific Society Presidents (CSSP) where, despite varied focus areas, the shared goals and challenges of participating research organizations became evident. These association leaders are concerned about member satisfaction and engagement and making the most of online technologies for member support. ASIS&T's name change to reflect its international membership caught the attention of many. ASIS&T continues service to the membership by gathering data on member attitudes to better understand the perceived value of membership. To promote engagement and conversation the Association is also pursuing a social media initiative and website overhaul. The CSSP meeting was a reminder of the central role of information science linking scientific disciplines and the support of the professional societies. In closing, Bruce notes the passing of Professor Eliza Dresang, colleague, scholar and professor at the University of Washington iSchool.
Indigenous knowledge in a post‐apology era: Steps toward healing and bridge building
Authors: Ghaddar Jamila , Caidi Nadia 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEDITOR'S SUMMARYAn important aspect of ASIS&T's international outreach is service to indigenous populations, a need that has received greater recognition since Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper's public apology in 2008 for past disruption of Native families. The emerging field of indigenous librarianship can contribute significantly to the process of reconciliation in Canada and other countries with similar colonial legacies. Indigenous librarianship requires reconsidering the organization, classification and representation of library materials from a perspective free of culture‐ and language‐based assumptions. Key themes in indigenous librarianship include removing barriers to access, providing culturally relevant materials and services and departing from widely used knowledge organization systems such as the Dewey Decimal System to create classifications that reflect the Native worldview and epistemology. Successful examples include Australia's Pathways thesaurus project, the Māori Subject Headings from Aotearoa/New Zealand and the British Columbia First Nations Names Authority. Increased involvement by Indigenous people in information studies will enhance accurate representation of their cultures.
Interferon‐γ–induced inflammatory markers and the risk of cancer: The Hordaland Health Study
Authors: Zuo Hui , Tell Grethe S. , Vollset Stein E. , Ueland Per M. , Nygård Ottar , Midttun Øivind , Meyer Klaus , Ulvik Arve , Eussen Simone J.P.M. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundIt has been reported that interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)–induced inflammatory markers, such as circulating neopterin and kynurenine‐to‐tryptophan ratio (KTR), are increased in patients with cancer and are also a predictor of poor prognosis. However, whether baseline levels of these makers are associated with subsequent cancer risk in the general population remains unknown.MethodsWe conducted a prospective analysis of the Hordaland Health Study in 6594 adults without known cancer at baseline who were enrolled between April 1998 and June 1999. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, and renal function.ResultsA total of 971 incident cancer cases (507 men and 464 women) were identified over a median follow‐up time of 12 years. Baseline plasma neopterin, KTR and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with an increased risk of overall cancer in models adjusted for covariates (P for trend across quartiles = .006 for neopterin, .022 for KTR, and .005 for CRP). The multivariate‐adjusted HR (95% CI) per SD increment in similar models were 1.09 (1.03‐1.16) for neopterin, 1.07 (1.01‐1.14) for KTR, and 1.04 (0.98‐1.10) for CRP. The associations between the inflammatory markers and risk of major specific cancer types were also provided.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that plasma neopterin, KTR, and CRP are associated with a significantly increased risk of overall cancer. Our study revealed novel evidence regarding the role of IFN‐γ–induced inflammation in human carcinogenesis. Cancer 2014;120:3370–3377. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Impact of touch preparations on core needle biopsies
Authors: Tong Leung Chu B. , Rudomina Dorota , Rekhtman Natasha , Lin Oscar 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDTouch preparations (TPs) can be performed for on‐site adequacy assessment of core needle biopsies (CNBs). Although TPs can play a role in decreasing the number of nondiagnostic core biopsies, the impact of TPs on CNB has not been extensively evaluated.METHODSComputerized tomography–guided CNBs performed in a tertiary cancer center were retrospectively identified. On‐site adequacy assessment was performed in all cases. The matching TPs and CNBs were evaluated for diagnostic accuracy of the TP. The relation between the site of biopsy and the cellularity of the CNB was also analyzed.RESULTSA total of 1100 CNB cases with associated TPs were identified over a 6‐month period. Eighty‐four cases (8%) showed marked differences in cellularity between CNB and TP, and 43 of these 84 cases (4.3%) showed the presence of diagnostic cells in either CNB or TP, but not in both. Lung was the biopsy site where CNB was most affected by loss of diagnostic cells.CONCLUSIONSTP and CNB findings must be integrated to prevent a misdiagnosis. Lung CNBs were more frequently affected by performing TPs. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:851–854. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Blind carrier frequency offset mitigation in space–time block‐coded multicarrier code division multiple access uplink transmission
Authors: Chen Tung‐Chou , Lin Tsui‐Tsai 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIn this paper, a novel blind carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation is proposed on the basis of the linearly constrained optimization for the uplink transmission of space–time block‐coded multicarrier code division multiple access systems. First, the full‐dimensional spatial‐and‐temporal data are formed to avoid violation of the second‐order statistics in the conventional receiver design. A set of weight vectors is then provided for acquiring each multipath signal from the desired user while the others get rejected. Finally, the estimated CFO is obtained in accordance with maximizing the well‐defined measurement function, which is formulated by collecting all the output powers of the receiver. A space–time averaging technique is also proposed to enhance the robustness to the finite sample effect. Simulation study confirms that with the proposed CFO estimator used in the preceding, the receiver can successfully achieve the same performance of the optimal receiver working in the absence of CFO. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signal Processing in Power State Variables for Noise Cancellation of Electromagnetic Environment
Authors: Ikuta Akira , Ogawa Hitoshi , Orimoto Hisako 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThe specific signal in an actual electromagnetic wave frequently shows some very complex fluctuation forms of non‐Gaussian type owing to natural, social, and human factors. Furthermore, the observed data are inevitably contaminated by the background noise of arbitrary distribution type. In these situations, it is often desirable to estimate several evaluation quantities such as the peak value, the amplitude probability distribution, the average crossing rate, the pulse spacing, duration distributions, and so on of the specific signal. Without losing their mutual relationships, it is indispensable to estimate the probability distribution or the original wave fluctuation form of itself of the specific signal based on the observed noise data. In this study, static and dynamic signal processing methods for estimating a specific signal with the existence of background noise of non‐Gaussian distribution forms are proposed. More specifically, by paying attention to the power state variable for a specific signal in the electromagnetic environment, which exhibits complex probability distribution forms, a new type of signal processing method for noise cancellation is proposed. In the case of considering the power state variable, a physical mechanism of contamination by a background noise can be reflected in the noise cancellation method by using an additive property between the specific signal and background noise. The proposed method positively utilizes the additive property of power state variable in the derivation process of the noise cancellation method. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical method is experimentally confirmed by applying it to an estimation problem in actual electromagnetic environment.
Fatty acid methyl esters production with glycerol metal alkoxide catalyst
Authors: Pradhan Subhalaxmi , Shen Jianheng , Emami Shahram , Naik Satyanarayan N. , Reaney Martin J. T. 
Published: June 2014

Metal hydroxides and alkoxides are popular base catalysts for production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Hydroxides dissolved in alcohols produce water. Some of that water reacts with triacylglycerols (TAGs) to produce free fatty acids instead of desired FAME, thus decreasing the yield of the transesterification reaction. Metal alkoxides are expensive, their production is hazardous and energy intensive, therefore, less expensive safer and more efficient catalysts for transesterification are desirable. Glycerol derived non‐toxic alkoxide base catalysts were synthesized by heating KOH solution (50 wt%) and glycerol at three different mole ratios (KOH: glycerol, denoted KGly, at 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) under four different vacuum pressures. Transesterification reactions were conducted. The reaction rate and yield of FAME synthesis from TAG achieved by catalyst prepared at 3:1 mole ratio of KOH: glycerol achieved superior or similar FAME yield to conventional potassium methoxide catalyst under same reaction conditions. At 120 s after adding catalyst, the reactions achieved satisfactory yield (74.3–78.9%) which was similar to that of KOCH3 catalyst (77.9%). The reactivity of catalyst at initial stage of the reaction was in the following order: KGly (1:1) < KGly (2:1) < KOCH3 < KGly (3:1).Glycerol derived non‐toxic alkoxide base catalysts were synthesized by heating KOH solution (50 wt%) and glycerol at three different mole ratios (KOH: glycerol, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) under four different vacuum pressures. The catalysts were used for transesterification reaction and the catalyst prepared at 3:1 mole ratio achieved superior or similar FAME yield to conventional potassium methoxide catalyst.
Histomolecular interpretation of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization imaging and spatial segmentation
Authors: Ernst Günther , Guntinas–Lichius Orlando , Hauberg–Lotte Lena , Trede Dennis , Becker Michael , Alexandrov Theodore , von Eggeling Ferdinand 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundDespite efforts in localization of key proteins using immunohistochemistry, the complex proteomic composition of pleomorphic adenomas has not yet been characterized. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI imaging) allows label‐free and spatially resolved detection of hundreds of proteins directly from tissue sections and of histomorphological regions by finding colocalized molecular signals. Spatial segmentation of MALDI imaging data is an algorithmic method for finding regions of similar proteomic composition as functionally similar regions.MethodsWe investigated 2 pleomorphic adenomas by applying spatial segmentation to the MALDI imaging data of tissue sections.ResultsThe spatial segmentation subdivided the tissue in a good accordance with the tissue histology. Numerous molecular signals colocalized with histologically defined tissue regions were found.ConclusionOur study highlights the cellular transdifferentiation within the pleomorphic adenoma. It could be shown that spatial segmentation of MALDI imaging data is a promising approach in the emerging field of digital histological analysis and characterization of tumors. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1014–1021, 2015
The effects of mild or moderate hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of naloxegol
Authors: Bui Khanh , She Fahua , Sostek Mark 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNaloxegol is a peripherally acting µ‐opioid receptor antagonist (PAMORA) in development for the treatment of opioid‐induced constipation (OIC). The pharmacokinetics of a single oral 25‐mg dose of naloxegol in plasma was assessed in patients with mild (Child‐Pugh class A) or moderate (Child‐Pugh class B) hepatic impairment and compared with healthy volunteers. Participants were matched for sex, age, and body mass index. Hepatically impaired patients exhibited a 17%–18% decrease in area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) despite similar maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax). This was an unexpected finding given that naloxegol is primarily cleared by the hepatic route. Time to Cmax was shorter in patients with moderate impairment (0.6 hours) versus those with mild impairment (2.3 hours) or normal subjects (2.0 hours). Mean apparent terminal half‐life (t½) was shorter in patients with mild (9.6 hours) and moderate (7.5 hours) hepatic impairment versus healthy subjects (11.3 hours). Reductions in enterohepatic recycling of naloxegol because of hepatic impairment may explain the observed decreases in AUC and t½ observed in these patients. Naloxegol was generally well tolerated, and mild or moderate hepatic impairment appeared to have minimal effect on its pharmacokinetics and safety.
Still under the microscope: Can a surgical aptitude test predict otolaryngology resident performance?
Authors: Moore Eric J. , Price Daniel L. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisApplication to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery residency is highly competitive, and the interview process strives to select qualified applicants with a high aptitude for the specialty. Commonly employed criteria for applicant selection have failed to show correlation with proficiency during residency training. We evaluate the correlation between the results of a surgical aptitude test administered to otolaryngology resident applicants and their performance during residency.Study DesignRetrospective study at an academic otolaryngology–head and neck surgery residency program.MethodsBetween 2007 and 2013, 224 resident applicants participated in a previously described surgical aptitude test administered at a microvascular surgical station. The composite score and attitudinal scores for 24 consecutive residents who matched at our institution were recorded, and their residency performance was analyzed by faculty survey on a five‐point scale. The composite and attitudinal scores were analyzed for correlation with residency performance score by regression analysis.ResultsTwenty‐four residents were evaluated for overall quality as a clinician by eight faculty members who were blinded to the results of surgical aptitude testing. The results of these surveys showed good inter‐rater reliability. Both the overall aptitude test scores and the subset attitudinal score showed reliability in predicting performance during residency training.ConclusionsThe goal of the residency selection process is to evaluate the candidate's potential for success in residency and beyond. The results of this study suggest that a simple‐to‐administer clinical skills test may have predictive value for success in residency and clinician quality.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:E57–E61, 2015
Esophageal carcinoma: Evaluation with q‐space diffusion‐weighted MR imaging ex vivo
Authors: Yamada Ichiro , Hikishima Keigo , Miyasaka Naoyuki , Tokairin Yutaka , Ito Eisaku , Kawano Tatsuyuki , Kobayashi Daisuke , Eishi Yoshinobu , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: June 2014

PurposeTo determine the usefulness of q‐space MR imaging as means of evaluating the depth of mural invasion, the histologic grades, and lymph node metastasis in esophageal carcinomas.MethodsTwenty esophageal specimens each containing a carcinoma were studied with a 7.0 Tesla MR imaging system. q‐Space MR images were obtained with a 50–60 mm × 25–30 mm field of view, 256 × 128 matrix, 2 mm section thickness, 10 b values ranging from 0 to 7163 s/mm2, and a motion‐probing gradient in the y‐direction, and the MR images were compared with the histopathologic findings.ResultsThe mean displacement maps, probability for zero displacement maps, and kurtosis maps in all 20 carcinomas (100%) made it possible to identify the depth of tumor invasion of the esophageal wall. These q‐space MR imaging parameters were significantly correlated with the histologic grades of the esophageal carcinomas (P < 0.01), and also significantly correlated with their nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratios (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001) and tumor cellularity (cell density) (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001). The q‐space MR imaging parameters were also capable of differentiating between the metastatic lymph nodes and nonmetastatic lymph nodes (P < 0.01).Conclusionq‐Space MR imaging ex vivo provides excellent diagnostic accuracy for evaluating mural invasion by esophageal carcinomas, the histologic grades of esophageal carcinomas, and lymph node metastasis by esophageal carcinomas. Magn Reson Med 73:2262–2273, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.