bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effect of intrauterine growth restriction on childhood neurodevelopment: a systematic review
Authors: Murray E , Fernandes M , Fazel M , Kennedy SH , Villar J , Stein A 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundNeurodevelopmental disorders are increasingly believed to originate from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Current reviews exploring the neurodevelopmental effects of IUGR, however, are mostly based on birthweight, an inadequate proxy.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the association between IUGR documented in utero, and neurodevelopmental outcomes during childhood.Search strategyMedline, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Scopus were searched for relevant studies published after 1970.Selection criteriaThe analysis included studies that identified IUGR in utero, with follow‐up assessments between 1 month and 12 years of age.Data collection and analysisData was extracted for cognitive, behavioural, language, motor, hearing, vision or sleep outcomes. Studies were summarised separately for children born at <35 and ≥35 weeks gestation.Main resultsOf 28 876 titles identified, 38 were suitable for inclusion. IUGR children born ≥35 weeks gestation scored on average 0.5 SD lower than non‐IUGR children across all neurodevelopmental assessments. IUGR children born <35 weeks of gestation scored approximately 0.7 SD lower than non‐IUGR children across all neurodevelopmental assessments. IUGR children with evidence of fetal circulatory redistribution (preferential perfusion of the brain) had more severe neurodevelopmental impairments than those born IUGR alone.ConclusionsIUGR increases the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment during childhood differentially across domains. IUGR children born preterm or with evidence of fetal circulatory redistribution are more severely affected.Tweetable abstractIUGR is associated with an overall risk for neurodevelopmental delay in a range of neurodevelopmental domains.
Primary aspergillosis of the kidney in systemic lupus erythematosus and positron emission tomography‐computed tomography
Authors: Fong Warren , Chua Ying Ying 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPrimary aspergillosis of the kidney is a rare complication of immunosuppression in systemic lupus erythematosus. Symptoms can be insidious and can mimic malignancies, such as lymphomas. Herein, we report a case of a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus with recent history of lymphoma, who presented with a history of prolonged pyrexia without localizing symptoms. Repeat biopsy of the kidneys was crucial in obtaining histological diagnosis, and this was aided by findings on positron emission tomography – computed tomography.
Phosphate Kinetics During Weekly Cycle of Hemodialysis Sessions: Application of Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Debowska Malgorzata , Poleszczuk Jan , Wojcik‐Zaluska Alicja , Ksiazek Andrzej , Zaluska Wojciech 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBoth hyperphosphatemia and hypophosphatemia are associated with increased morbidity and mortality among patients on dialysis. The control of serum phosphate concentration is a considerable clinical problem. Our study aimed to improve understanding of phosphate kinetics in patients on dialysis using mathematical modeling. Three consecutive hemodialysis sessions with breaks of 2–2–3 days were monitored in 25 patients. Phosphate concentration was measured every hour and 45 min after the end of dialysis in blood serum and every 30 min in dialysate during each session. Volume of fluid compartments and body composition were assessed by bioimpedance. The pseudo one‐compartment model was applied to describe the profile of phosphate in blood serum during intra‐ and interdialytic periods of 1‐week cycle of three hemodialysis sessions. Model parameters, such as phosphate internal clearance (KM) and the rate of phosphate mobilization (RM), were correlated with the reduction of serum phosphate concentration during dialysis (Cpost/Cpre) and with equivalent continuous clearance (ECC) for phosphate. KM correlated negatively with predialysis serum phosphate concentration. There was significant positive correlation between RM and age. Postdialysis volume of phosphate central compartment was lower than, but correlated to, extracellular water volume. Parameters of the pseudo one‐compartment model, phosphate internal clearance, and the rate of phosphate inflow to the central compartment (the one accessible for dialysis) from other phosphate body reservoirs correlated with the indices of dialysis adequacy, such as reduction of serum phosphate and ECC. The pseudo one‐compartment model can be successfully extended from a single hemodialysis to the standard weekly cycle of sessions and the model parameters strongly correlate with the adequacy parameters of dialytic removal of phosphate.
An implementation intention strategy can improve prospective memory in older adults with very mild Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lee Ji Hae , Shelton Jill T. , Scullin Michael K. , McDaniel Mark A. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesThis study tested whether (1) very mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with impaired prospective memory (PM) for tasks that are supported by either spontaneous retrieval (focal PM) or strategic monitoring (non‐focal PM) and (2) implementation intention (II) encoding could improve PM performance in very mild AD.DesignThirty‐eight healthy older adults and 34 with very mild AD were randomly assigned to perform two PM tasks in either the standard or the II encoding condition.MethodAll participants performed blocks of category decision in which they were asked to respond to a focal PM target (e.g., the word ‘orange’) and a non‐focal PM target (e.g., words that begin with the letter ‘o’). Half of the participants encoded PM instructions in the standard manner, while the other half had a stronger encoding by forming IIs. PM accuracy and category decision accuracy and reaction times were measured.ResultsParticipants with very mild AD showed deficits in both focal and non‐focal PM performance compared to the healthy controls, reflecting deficits in both spontaneous retrieval and strategic monitoring. Participants with very mild AD in the II encoding condition showed better focal PM performance relative to those in the standard encoding condition.ConclusionsDeficits in both focal and non‐focal PM are associated with very mild AD and IIs may be a helpful behavioural intervention for the focal PM deficits.Practitioner points

Multiple deficits in PM are observable in very mild AD.

Implementation intentions may enhance focal PM in very mild AD.

Future research using larger samples is needed to better understand the effect of II on non‐focal PM tasks in healthy older adults and those with very mild AD.

The use of simple laboratory PM tasks may limit the generality of our findings. Future research is needed to investigate whether IIs improve PM over a range of more realistic tasks.
Antioxidant Treatments Recover the Alteration of Auditory‐Evoked Potentials and Reduce Morphological Damage in the Inferior Colliculus after Perinatal Asphyxia in Rat
Authors: Revuelta Miren , Arteaga Olatz , Montalvo Haizea , Alvarez Antonia , Hilario Enrique , Martinez‐Ibargüen Agustin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMaturation of the auditory pathway is dependent on the central nervous system myelination and it can be affected by pathologies such as neonatal hypoxic ischemic (HI) encephalopathy. Our aim was to evaluate the functional integrity of the auditory pathway and to visualize, by histological and cellular methods, the damage to the brainstem using a neonatal rat model of HI brain injury. To carry out this morphofunctional evaluation, we studied the effects of the administration of the antioxidants nicotine, melatonin, resveratrol and docosahexaenoic acid after hypoxia‐ischemia on the inferior colliculus and the auditory pathway. We found that the integrity of the auditory pathway in the brainstem was altered as a consequence of the HI insult. Thus, the auditory brainstem response (ABR) showed increased I–V and III–V wave latencies. At a histological level, HI altered the morphology of the inferior colliculus neurons, astrocytes and oligodendricytes, and at a molecular level, the mitochondria membrane potential and integrity was altered during the first hours after the HI and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity is increased 12 h after the injury in the brainstem. Following antioxidant treatment, ABR interpeak latency intervals were restored and the body and brain weight was recovered as well as the morphology of the inferior colliculus that was similar to the control group. Our results support the hypothesis that antioxidant treatments have a protective effect on the functional changes of the auditory pathway and on the morphological damage which occurs after HI insult.
Construct validity and reliability of the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Balzer Julia , Marsico Petra , Mitteregger Elena , van der Linden Marietta L , Mercer Thomas H , van Hedel Hubertus J A 
Published: May 2015

AimAssessing impaired selective voluntary movement control in children with cerebral palsy (CP) has gained increasing interest. We investigated construct validity and intra‐ and interrater reliability of the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE).MethodThirty‐nine children (21 males, 18 females) with spasticCP, mean age 12 years 6 months [range 6y 11mo–19y 9mo], Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I toIV, participated. Differences inSCALEscores were determined on joint levels and between patients categorized according to their limb distribution andGMFCSlevels.SCALEscores were correlated with the Fugl‐Meyer Assessment, Manual Muscle Test, and Modified Ashworth Scale. To determine reliability, theSCALEwas applied once and recorded on video.ResultsSCALEscores differed significantly between the less and more affected leg (p<0.001) and between most leg joints. TotalSCALEscores differed significantly betweenGMFCSlevels I andII. Correlations with Fugl‐Meyer Assessment, Manual Muscle Test, and Modified Ashworth Scale were 0.88, 0.88, and –0.55 respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients were all above 0.9, with the minimal detectable change below 2 points.InterpretationTheSCALEappears to be a valid and reliable tool to assess selective voluntary movement control of the legs in children with spasticCP.
Switch to etravirine for HIV‐positive patients receiving statin treatment: a prospective study
Authors: Ciaffi Laura , Cavassini Matthias , Genne Daniel , Delhumeau Cecile , Spycher Elbes Rachel , Hill Andrew , Wandeler Gilles , Fehr Jan , Stoeckle Marcel , Schmid Patrick , Hirschel Bernard , Montecucco Fabrizio , Calmy Alexandra ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundLifestyle changes and statins are the cornerstones in management of dyslipidaemia in patients with HIV infection. Replacement of an antiretroviral therapy (ART) component is a proposed therapeutic strategy to reduce cardiovascular risk. In dyslipidaemic patients with HIV infection, we assessed the efficacy of replacing boosted protease inhibitor (bPI) or efavirenz (EFV) by etravirine (ETR) as an alternative to statin therapy.Materials and methodsA prospective, open‐label, multicentre, 12‐week study of patients with HIV infection on ART including bPI or EFV, and statin treatment. Four weeks after statin interruption, bPI or EFV was switched to ETR (400 mg, 8 weeks) if serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) was ≥ 3 mM. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients on ETR with no indication for statin treatment at study completion. Serum levels of HIV RNA, lipids and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease were also measured. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01543035).ResultsThe 31 included patients had a HIV‐1 RNA < 50 copies/mL (median age, 52 years; median CD4, 709 cell/mL; median LDL‐C, 2·89 mM), 68% were on EFV, and 32% were on bPI. At week 4, 27 patients switched to ETR. At study completion, 15 patients (56%) on ETR did not qualify for statin treatment. After the ETR switch, serum levels of the cardiovascular biomarkers sICAM and MCP1/CCL2 decreased by 11·2% and 18·9%, respectively, and those of CCL5/RANTES and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 increased by 14·3% and 13·4%, respectively, indicating reduced cardiovascular risk. There were no notable treatment‐related adverse events.ConclusionsReplacing bPI or EFV by ETR is a viable strategy to obviate primary prevention statin treatment.
Cytology of the lower respiratory tract in horses: An updated review
Authors: Cian F. , Monti P. , Durham A. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe diagnosis of respiratory diseases in horses can be difficult due to the nonspecific nature of the clinical signs, which overlap between the different diseases. Cytological examination of the respiratory secretions is a helpful diagnostic tool that, when combined with clinical features and other diagnostic techniques, has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy significantly. This review article should help readers to become familiar with the cytology of the normal respiratory tract and with the cytopathological abnormalities associated with common respiratory disorders in horses.
Clinical features and diagnosis of sacroiliac joint region pain in 296 horses: 2004–2014
Authors: Barstow A. , Dyson S. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThere has been no large‐scale study of the clinical signs of sacroiliac (SI) joint region pain and its association with lameness and/or thoracolumbar pain. Horses with a positive response to infiltration of local anaesthetic solution around the SI joint regions (SI block) and/or abnormal radiopharmaceutical uptake (RU) in the region of the SI joints were included. History, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging findings, response to SI block, and concurrent lameness and/or thoracolumbar pain were recorded. Horses (n = 296) were divided into 2 groups: SI joint region pain only (Group 1, n = 43) and SI joint region pain and concurrent source(s) of pain (Group 2, n = 253). Clinical signs in Group 1 included increased tension in the longissimus dorsi muscles (40%), restricted flexibility of the thoracolumbar region (44%), trunk stiffness during exercise (61%) and poor hindlimb impulsion (56%). When ridden 65% had a poor contact with the bit, in 81% canter quality was worse than trot, and 35% bucked or kicked out with a hindlimb during canter. In both Groups 1 and 2 clinical signs were seen in a significantly greater proportion of horses during ridden work than lungeing (P<0.0001). Following SI block, 98% of horses showed dramatic improvement in clinical signs, including greater overall movement through the trunk, increased hindlimb impulsion and better quality canter. Abnormal RU in the SI joint regions was seen in 85/180 (47%) horses. Of horses with a positive response to SI block that underwent scintigraphy, only 43% had abnormal RU. Per rectum ultrasonographic examination of the SI joint region revealed abnormalities in 41/129 (32%) horses. Clinical signs of SI joint region pain are worse when horses are ridden. Sacroiliac joint region diagnostic analgesia is a useful, safe but nonspecific block. Ultrasonography and scintigraphy can provide additional information in some horses, but negative results do not preclude SI joint region pain.
Economic Factors of Victimization: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Entorf Horst 
Published: May 2015

AbstractVictimization is a poorly studied topic in economic research. This paper considers economic factors of victimization using individual data. It tests the rationalchoice- based hypothesis that the more attractive and poorly guarded targets are facing a higher risk of victimization. The used dataset also covers own criminal activities such that individual offending behavior can be studied as endogenous driver of victimization. Econometric results confirm that a criminal background is one of the major reasons of own victimization. In line with rational choice behavior of offenders, victimization is also associated with being a job holder and more schooling. Moreover, large peer groups increase the risk of victimization, whereas married and healthy people have a significantly lower risk of becoming a crime victim.
Association of low vitamin D levels with metabolic syndrome in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Ahmadi Farrokhlagha , Damghani Samaneh , Lessan‐Pezeshki Mahboob , Razeghi Effat , Maziar Sima , Mahdavi‐Mazdeh Mitra 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLow vitamin D levels have been linked to metabolic syndrome in the general population. In the present study, the relationship between inadequate serum concentrations of vitamin D and metabolic syndrome in patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis was explored. In a cross‐sectional setting, 145 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Serum concentration of 25(OH) vitamin D was determined by a commercially available enzyme immunosorbent assay method. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 53.1%. The prevalence rate of severe vitamin D deficiency (<5 ng/mL) was 3.4%, mild vitamin D deficiency (5–15 ng/mL) 31.0%, vitamin D insufficiency (16–30 ng/mL) 36.6%, and vitamin D sufficiency (>30 ng/mL) 29.0%. With the increasing number of metabolic abnormalities, vitamin D levels significantly decreased (P for trend = 0.028). Among the components of metabolic syndrome, vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with central obesity (odds ratio [OR], 95% confident interval [CI] = 2.80, 1.11–7.04, P = 0.028). A positive, but nonsignificant association between vitamin D deficiency and raised fasting plasma glucose was noted (OR, 95% CI = 2.40, 0.94–6.11, P = 0.067). Both vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of having metabolic syndrome (P < 0.05). In a final model controlling for age, sex, and parathyroid hormone levels, vitamin D deficiency increased the odds of having metabolic syndrome by more than threefold (OR, 95% CI = 3.26, 1.30–8.20, P = 0.012). Low levels of vitamin D are frequent among hemodialysis patients and are associated with the metabolic syndrome.
Effect of the main ingredients of Rhizoma gastrodiae on mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide productions by submerged culture of Grifola frondosa
Authors: Wu Cai‐Yun , Wu Tian‐Xiang 
Published: May 2015

SummaryVarious concentrations of the main ingredients of Rhizoma gastrodiae including gastrodin (GA) and p‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HA) as well as p‐hydroxylbenzaldehyde (HBA) were separately added into the cultural medium of Grifola frondosa in submerged culture. The results showed that the additive concentration of gastrodin from 0.10 to 0.35 g L−1, p‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol from 0.05 to 0.30 g L−1 and p‐hydroxylbenzaldehyde from 0.05 to 0.30 g L−1 can significantly promote the EPS production by submerged culture of G. frondosa (P < 0.05). Among them, the addition of p‐hydroxylbenzaldehyde at 0.15 g L−1 exhibited the best results, and the EPS productions reached 2.2511 ± 0.0378 g L−1, with an increase of 45.03% compared with the control (without additives). Furthermore, all of the additives had an effective stimulatory effect on mycelial biomass. In addition, there is an important and novel breakthrough that p‐hydroxylbenzaldehyde was more effective than R. gastrodiae extract on increasing the EPS productions.
High production of Aspergillus niger β‐glucosidase at pilot‐scale and application for hydroxytyrosol release from olive by‐product
Authors: Hamza Manel , Sayadi Sami 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis study reports a very simple and fast method to collect extract with high amounts of hydroxytyrosol, biotransforming Olea europaea L. leaf extract and olive mill wastewater by a β‐glycosidase produced locally by Aspergillus niger. These extracts are considered as natural substances from a vegetal source; possessing a higher concentration of simple phenols, characterised by a stronger antioxidant capacity which could be commercially found as dietetic products and food integrators. The proposed process may prove useful for a further application for recycling O. europaea by‐product. In this study, a β‐glucosidase for A. niger was optimised in submerged culture conditions and produced at pilot‐scale. The optimal culture conditions for extracellular β‐glucosidase production by the submerged fermentation of A. niger were investigated using various parameters, including different substrate, nitrogen source, C/N ratio.
Identification of a novel MICB allele, MICB*030, by cloning and sequencing
Authors: Wang W. Y. , Wang F. , Tian W. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryA novel MICB allele, MICB*030, has been identified in a healthy Chinese individual of Mongol ethnicity residing in northern China by polymerase chain reaction sequence‐based typing (PCR‐SBT) and confirmed by cloning and sequencing. MICB*030 was linked to HLA‐B*35. Aligned with MICB*005:02, MICB*030 has a nonsynonymous adenine substitution at nucleotide position 50 in exon 3, leading to amino acid change from serine to arginine at codon 102 of the mature MICB molecule.
Cationic Effect on Electrical Conductivity and Viscosity of Alkaline‐Earth Silicate Melts: Phenomenology
Authors: Han Yong‐Uk , Min Dong Joon 
Published: May 2015

Electrical conductivity and viscosity are measured in CaO–MgO–SiO2 and CaO–BaO–SiO2 melts to address the cationic effect on electrostatic interaction and strain field distortion based on the Anderson–Stuart theory. Electrical conductivity and viscosity at 1873 K are measured by two‐plate method and rotating cylindrical method, respectively. The effect of cationic radius on electrostatic energy and strain field distortion energy is distinguished by comparing the results of polymerized(NBO/T = 0) and depolymerized(NBO/T = 2.0) melts. The antithetic effects of cationic radius on two activation energies are shown in this work. In depolymerized silicate melts, it is proven that electrostatic energy is dominant over the strain field distortion energy and thus the electrical conductivity increases and viscosity decreases with increasing cationic radius. The absence of electrostatic interactions in polymerized compositions is again confirmed by correlating two properties through the Walden plot.