bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicriteria shape design of a sheet contour in stamping
Authors: Oujebbour Fatima-Zahra , Habbal Abderrahmane , Ellaia Rachid , Zhao Ziheng 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
One of the hottest challenges in automotive industry is related to weight reduction in sheet metal forming processes, in order to produce a high quality metal part with minimal material cost. Stamping is the most widely used sheet metal forming process; but its implementation comes with several fabrication flaws such as springback and failure. A global and simple approach to circumvent these unwanted process drawbacks consists in optimizing the initial blank shape with innovative methods. The aim of this paper is to introduce an efficient methodology to deal with complex, computationally expensive multicriteria optimization problems. Our approach is based on the combination of methods to capture the Pareto Front, approximate criteria (to save computational costs) and global optimizers. To illustrate the efficiency, we consider the stamping of an industrial workpiece as test-case. Our approach is applied to the springback and failure criteria. To optimize these two criteria, a global optimization algorithm was chosen. It is the Simulated Annealing algorithm hybridized with the Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation in order to gain in time and in precision. The multicriteria problems amounts to the capture of the Pareto Front associated to the two criteria. Normal Boundary Intersection and Normalized Normal Constraint Method are considered for generating a set of Pareto-optimal solutions with the characteristic of uniform distribution of front points. The computational results are compared to those obtained with the well-known Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II. The results show that our proposed approach is efficient to deal with the multicriteria shape optimization of highly non-linear mechanical systems.
Hue-assisted automatic registration of color point clouds
Authors: Men Hao , Pochiraju Kishore 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper describes a variant of the extended Gaussian image based registration algorithm for point clouds with surface color information. The method correlates the distributions of surface normals for rotational alignment and grid occupancy for translational alignment with hue filters applied during the construction of surface normal histograms and occupancy grids. In this method, the size of the point cloud is reduced with a hue-based down sampling that is independent of the point sample density or local geometry. Experimental results show that use of the hue filters increases the registration speed and improves the registration accuracy. Coarse rigid transformations determined in this step enable fine alignment with dense, unfiltered point clouds or using Iterative Common Point (ICP) alignment techniques.
Interactive prostate shape reconstruction from 3D TRUS images
Authors: Furuhata Tomotake , Song Inho , Zhang Hong , Rabin Yoed , Shimada Kenji 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a two-step, semi-automated method for reconstructing a three-dimensional (3D) shape of the prostate from a 3D transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) image. While the method has been developed for prostate ultrasound imaging, it can potentially be applicable to any other organ of the body and other imaging modalities. The proposed method takes as input a 3D TRUS image and generates a watertight 3D surface model of the prostate. In the first step, the system lets the user visualize and navigate through the input volumetric image by displaying cross sectional views oriented in arbitrary directions. The user then draws partial/full contours on selected cross sectional views. In the second step, the method automatically generates a watertight 3D surface of the prostate by fitting a deformable spherical template to the set of user-specified contours. Since the method allows the user to select the best cross-sectional directions and draw only clearly recognizable partial or full contours, the user can avoid time-consuming and inaccurate guesswork on where prostate contours are located. By avoiding the usage of noisy, incomprehensible portions of the TRUS image, the proposed method yields more accurate prostate shapes than conventional methods that demand complete cross-sectional contours selected manually, or automatically using an image processing tool. Our experiments confirmed that a 3D watertight surface of the prostate can be generated within five minutes even from a volumetric image with a high level of speckles and shadow noises.
Seasonal variation of gravity wave activity at midlatitudes from 7 years of COSMIC GPS and Rayleigh lidar temperature observations
Authors: Khaykin S. M. , Hauchecorne A. , Mzé N. , Keckhut P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSeven year series of gravity wave (GW) potential energy at midlatitude stratosphere (10 to 50 km) is constructed by combining temperature profiles provided by Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) GPS satellite constellation and Rayleigh lidar operating at Haute Provence observatory in Southern France. The combined series are used to evaluate the representation of GW in Modern Era Retrospective‐Analysis for Research and Applications reanalysis. The seasonal and zonal variabilities of GW activity are diagnosed using zonal wind and wind divergence provided by ERA‐Interim reanalysis. The spatiotemporal distribution of GW activity is found strongly dependent on the zonal wind variation, wind divergence, and topography. We show that anomalies in the wind divergence can serve as a proxy for locating synoptic‐scale enhancements of GW. The analysis provides evidence for orographic GW excitation, and the results are compatible with geostrophic adjustment being an additional source of stratospheric GW. The seasonal GW variability can be largely explained by interaction with the mean flow and wave propagation.
When Practice Does Not Make Perfect: Effects of Strategic Cognitive Processes on Errors During Skill Development
Authors: Nguyen Helena , Williamson Ann 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThis study looked at the contribution of strategic cognitive processes such as frequency gambling and speed and accuracy trade‐off in the production of errors during skill development. We developed a novel psychomotor task and trained participants on the task. We predicted that practice would change the nature of errors and be driven by strategic processes, rather than just change the overall number of errors. The first experiment investigated the effects of frequency gambling on errors during skill development by manipulating stimulus probability. The second experiment tested the separate effects of speed versus accuracy instructions to clarify the strategic contribution of response‐criterion setting. The results of these two studies refute the widespread assumption that skill development invariably reduces errors. Rather, errors can be a strategic feature of skill acquisition (e.g. gambling on low probability events), which, although results in speedy performance, would be a dangerous practice in many real‐life contexts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Phase Stability of Elemental Boron
Authors: White Mary Anne , Cerqueira Anthony B. , Whitman Catherine A. , Johnson Michel B. , Ogitsu Tadashi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBoron is an important element, used in applications from superhard materials to superconductors. Boron exists in several forms (allotropes) and, surprisingly, it was not known which form (α or β) is stable at ambient conditions. Through experiment, we quantify the relative stability of α‐boron and β‐boron as a function of temperature. The ground‐state energies of α‐boron and β‐boron are nearly identical. For all temperatures up to 2000 K, the complicated β‐boron structure is more stable than the simpler α‐boron structure at ambient pressure. Below 1000 K, β‐boron is entropically stabilized with respect to α‐boron owing to its partially occupied sites, whereas at higher temperatures β‐boron is enthalpically stabilized with respect to α‐boron. We show that α‐boron only becomes stable on application of pressure.
A Carbon–Air Battery for High Power Generation
Authors: Yang Binbin , Ran Ran , Zhong Yijun , Su Chao , Tadé Moses O. , Shao Zongping 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe report a carbon–air battery for power generation based on a solid‐oxide fuel cell (SOFC) integrated with a ceramic CO2‐permeable membrane. An anode‐supported tubular SOFC functioned as a carbon fuel container as well as an electrochemical device for power generation, while a high‐temperature CO2‐permeable membrane composed of a CO32− mixture and an O2− conducting phase (Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9) was integrated for in situ separation of CO2 (electrochemical product) from the anode chamber, delivering high fuel‐utilization efficiency. After modifying the carbon fuel with a reverse Boudouard reaction catalyst to promote the in situ gasification of carbon to CO, an attractive peak power density of 279.3 mW cm−2 was achieved for the battery at 850 °C, and a small stack composed of two batteries can be operated continuously for 200 min. This work provides a novel type of electrochemical energy device that has a wide range of application potentials.
Electrospun nylon 6,6 nanofibers functionalized with cyclodextrins for removal of toluene vapor
Authors: Kayaci Fatma , Sen Huseyin Sener , Durgun Engin , Uyar Tamer 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTFunctional nylon 6,6 nanofibers incorporating cyclodextrins (CD) were developed via electrospinning. Enhanced thermal stability of the nylon 6,6/CD nanofibers was observed due to interaction between CD and nylon 6,6. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies indicated the existence of some CD molecules on the surface of the nanofibers. Electrospun nylon 6,6 nanofibers without having CD were ineffective for entrapment of toluene vapor from the environment, whereas nylon 6,6/CD nanofibrous membranes can effectively entrap toluene vapor from the surrounding by taking advantage of the high surface‐volume ratio of nanofibers with the added advantage of inclusion complexation capability of CD presenting on the nanofiber surface. The modeling studies for formation of inclusion complex between CD and toluene were also performed by using ab initio techniques. Our results suggest that nylon 6,6/CD nanofibrous membranes may have potential to be used as air filters for the removal of organic vapor waste from surroundings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41941.
Mechanistic Studies of Magnetically Recyclable PdFe3O4 Heterodimeric Nanocrystal‐Catalyzed Organic Reactions
Authors: Byun Sangmoon , Chung Jooyoung , Kwon Jungmin , Moon Kim B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRecently, we have reported several catalytic applications of new PdFe3O4 heterodimeric nanocrystals as magnetically separable catalysts. Successful applications of the nanocrystals towards various useful organic reactions such as Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira coupling reactions, direct CH arylation, and Wacker oxidation have been recorded. However, detailed mechanistic courses of the reactions have not been delineated, and it was not clear whether these processes proceeded through a homogeneous or heterogeneous mechanism. Here, we report detailed mechanistic investigations of the reactions employing the PdFe3O4 nanoparticle catalysts. Suzuki coupling and Wacker oxidation reactions were chosen as two representative heterogeneous reactions employing the PdFe3O4 catalysts, and general kinetic studies, hot filtration tests, and three‐phase tests were carried out for the two reactions. The studies showed that the reactions most probably proceed via a solution‐phase mechanism.
Highly Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols by Using Less‐Hindered Nitroxyl‐Radical/Copper Catalysis: Optimum Catalyst Combinations and Their Substrate Scope
Authors: Sasano Yusuke , Kogure Naoki , Nishiyama Tomohiro , Nagasawa Shota , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe oxidation of alcohols into their corresponding carbonyl compounds is one of the most fundamental transformations in organic chemistry. In our recent report, 2‐azaadamantane N‐oxyl (AZADO)/copper catalysis promoted the highly chemoselective aerobic oxidation of unprotected amino alcohols into amino carbonyl compounds. Herein, we investigated the extension of the promising AZADO/copper‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of alcohols to other types of alcohol. During close optimization of the reaction conditions by using various alcohols, we found that the optimum combination of nitroxyl radical, copper salt, and solution concentration was dependent on the type of substrate. Various alcohols, including highly hindered and heteroatom‐rich ones, were efficiently oxidized into their corresponding carbonyl compounds under mild conditions with lower amounts of the catalysts.
Highly efficient production of rare sugars D‐psicose and L‐tagatose by two engineered D‐tagatose epimerases
Authors: Bosshart Andreas , Wagner Nina , Lei Lei , Panke Sven , Bechtold Matthias 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTRare sugars are monosaccharides that do not occur in nature in large amounts. However, many of them demonstrate high potential as low‐calorie sweetener, chiral building blocks or active pharmaceutical ingredients. Their production by enzymatic means from broadly abundant epimers is an attractive alternative to synthesis by traditional organic chemical means, but often suffers from low space‐time yields and high enzyme costs due to rapid enzyme degradation. Here we describe the detailed characterization of two variants of d‐tagatose epimerase under operational conditions that were engineered for high stability and high catalytic activity towards the epimerization of d‐fructose to d‐psicose and l‐sorbose to l‐tagatose, respectively. A variant optimized for the production of d‐psicose showed a very high total turnover number (TTN) of up to 108 catalytic events over a catalyst's lifetime, determined under operational conditions at high temperatures in an enzyme‐membrane reactor (EMR). Maximum space‐time yields as high as 10.6 kg L−1 d−1 were obtained with a small laboratory‐scale EMR, indicating excellent performance. A variant optimized for the production of l‐tagatose performed less stable in the same setting, but still showed a very good TTN of 5.8 × 105 and space‐time yields of up to 478 g L−1 d−1. Together, these results confirm that large‐scale enzymatic access to rare sugars is feasible. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 349–358. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heat‐precipitation allows the efficient purification of a functional plant‐derived malaria transmission‐blocking vaccine candidate fusion protein
Authors: Beiss Veronique , Spiegel Holger , Boes Alexander , Kapelski Stephanie , Scheuermayer Matthias , Edgue Gueven , Sack Markus , Fendel Rolf , Reimann Andreas , Schillberg Stefan , Pradel Gabriele , Fischer Rainer 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTMalaria is a vector‐borne disease affecting more than two million people and accounting for more than 600,000 deaths each year, especially in developing countries. The most serious form of malaria is caused byPlasmodium falciparum. The complex life cycle of this parasite, involving pre‐erythrocytic, asexual and sexual stages, makes vaccine development cumbersome but also offers a broad spectrum of vaccine candidates targeting exactly those stages. Vaccines targeting the sexual stage ofP. falciparumare called transmission‐blocking vaccines (TBVs). They do not confer protection for the vaccinated individual but aim to reduce or prevent the transmission of the parasite within a population and are therefore regarded as an essential tool in the fight against the disease. Malaria predominantly affects large populations in developing countries, so TBVs need to be produced in large quantities at low cost. Combining the advantages of eukaryotic expression with a virtually unlimited upscaling potential and a good product safety profile, plant‐based expression systems represent a suitable alternative for the production of TBVs. We report here the high level (300 μg/g fresh leaf weight (FLW)) transient expression inNicotiana benthamianaleaves of an effective TBV candidate based on a fusion protein F0 comprisingPfs25 and the C0‐domain ofPfs230, and the implementation of a simple and cost‐effective heat treatment step for purification that yields intact recombinant protein at >90% purity with a recovery rate of >70%. The immunization of mice clearly showed that antibodies raised against plant‐derived F0 completely blocked the formation of oocysts in a malaria transmission‐blocking assay (TBA) making F0 an interesting TBV candidate or a component of a multi‐stage malaria vaccine cocktail. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1297–1305. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlled Synthesis of a Hexagonal‐Shaped NiO Nanocatalyst with Highly Reactive Facets {1 1 0} and Its Catalytic Activity
Authors: Patra Astam K. , Kundu Sudipta K. , Kim Dukjoon , Bhaumik Asim 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA new facile chemical approach has been developed to produce hexagonal‐shaped NiO nanocrystals with high‐energy facets {1 1 0} under hydrothermal synthesis followed by annealing in the presence of air. The phase purity, crystallinity, shape/size, and mesostructure of NiO nanocrystals were investigated by powder XRD and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The size, shape, and exposed crystal facets of the nanocrystals are the key factor for their physical and chemical properties. Herein, the chemical properties of hexagonal‐shaped NiO nanocrystals have been tested for the reduction of carbonyl compounds in comparison with NiO nanoparticles and bulk NiO materials. The reactivity of the NiO nanocrystals is enhanced dramatically through morphology evolution. In particular, hexagonal‐shaped NiO nanocrystals with highly reactive {1 1 0} facets exhibit approximately 12 and 25 % higher catalytic activity than NiO nanoparticles and bulk NiO, respectively. These hexagonal‐shaped NiO nanocrystals are active over several cycles for the reduction of carbonyl compounds to their respective alcohol in the presence of 2‐propanol.
Rapid Preparation of Perovskite Lead Niobate Nanosheets by Ultrasonic‐Assisted Exfoliation for Enhanced Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Hu Yuchao , Guo Liejin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUltrathin perovskite lead niobate nanosheets, (TBA/H)Pb2Nb3O10, were rapidly prepared by novel high‐power ultrasonic exfoliation of layered HPb2Nb3O10, and were used as a photocatalyst for hydrogen production from methanol solution under visible light irradiation (λ>415 nm) for the first time. When compared with bulk HPb2Nb3O10, the nanosheets showed same tetragonal crystal structure, but dramatic decrease in thickness and two times higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. Enhanced photocatalytic performance resulted from the fact that the photoexcited electrons were more efficiently separated and utilized for H2 production on the nanosheets, owing to shorter migration distance of photoexcited electrons.
Waves in a Lennard‐Jones Dusty Plasma Liquid
Authors: Rosenberg M. , Kalman G. J. , Grewal V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRecently it has been proposed to alter the interaction between dust grains in a plasma by applying ac electric fields to distort the Debye spheres surrounding the grains, which may lead to interaction potentials with a Lennard‐Jones form under certain conditions (e.g., Kompaneets et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 043705 (2009)). Motivated by this, we consider the dispersion relations of longitudinal and transverse waves in a dusty plasma liquid where the grains interact via a Lennard‐Jones potential. We use the Quasi‐Localized Charge approximation combined with an analytic expression for the pair distribution function for Lennard‐Jones fluids (Matteoli and Mansoori, J. Chem. Phys. 103, 4672 (1995)). Possible dusty plasma experimental parameters are considered. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterisation of a Simple Non‐Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Source for Biomedical Research Applications
Authors: Gruenwald J. , Reynvaan J. , Eisenberg T. , Geistlinger P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe recent progress in plasma medicine as well as biomedical aspects of plasma physics over the last years have enhanced the need for experimental plasma devices which are capable of producing non‐thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas. These plasma sources are used for studying the effect of non‐thermal plasmas on biological samples of different nature. In this paper we present such an easy to build low cost apparatus that can be used for scientific as well as for educational purposes. Directions for the construction of the device are given and the basic plasma parameters are investigated. The characterisation of the experiment was done by electrical diagnostics for the measurements of the plasma potential in combination with optical emission spectroscopy. The latter is used for the determination of the excitation temperature of the plasma and the electron density. Furthermore the influence of the produced plasma on yeast cells is demonstrated. The produced plasma is characterised in different ways and it was found that the feeding gas has also a considerable impact on the radio frequency wave form of the source. It is also demonstrated that the constructed plasma source is capable of producing non‐thermal plasma that hinder cell growth of yeast colonies on a agar substrate. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Spectrally Resolved Motional Stark Effect Diagnostic for the TJ‐II Stellarator
Authors: McCarthy K. J. , Panadero N. , López‐Fraguas A. , Hernández J. , van Milligen B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA spectrally resolved motional stark effect (MSE) diagnostic has been implemented for the TJ‐II stellarator to quantify the magnitude and pitch of components of the magnetic field created in this magnetic confinement device. The system includes a compact diagnostic neutral beam injector (DNBI) that provides a short pulse of accelerated neutral hydrogen atoms with an e–1 beam radius of 2.1 cm to stimulate the Doppler‐displaced Balmer Hαs emissions, which are the basis for this diagnostic. Measurement of the wavelength separation of the Stark splitting of the Hα spectrum, as well as of the relative line intensities of its components, allow the local magnitude and direction of the internal magnetic field components to be measured at 10 positions across the plasma. The use of a DNBI extends such measurements to the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) heated phases of plasmas while also overcoming the need for the complicated inversion techniques that are required when such measurements are performed with a heating neutral beam injector (NBI). Moreover, the use of the shot‐to‐shot technique with reproducible discharges further simplifies fits to the MSE spectra as nearby impurity spectral emission lines can be eliminated or significantly reduced. After outlining the principles of this technique and the diagnostic set‐up, magnetic field measurements made during ECR or NBI heating phases are reported for a range of magnetic configurations and are compared with vacuum magnetic field estimates in order to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of this diagnostic for the TJ‐II. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)