bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Temperature and Strain Rate on the Dynamic Fracture Properties of HTPB Propellant
Authors: Long Bing , Chang Xinlong , Hu Kuan , Zhang Youhong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn order to study the influence of temperature and strain‐rate on HTPB propellant fracture capability under impact loading conditions, a dynamic fracture experiment at different temperatures was carried out by using the cracked straight‐through Brazilian disc (CSTBD) specimen on the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), and the dynamic initiation fracture toughness of the HTPB propellant was obtained. Experimental results indicate that the proposed dynamic fracture testing for the HTPB propellant is effective. The dynamic initiation fracture toughness is obviously sensitive to temperature and strain‐rate, and its value increases with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate, and a linearity relationship exists between the fracture toughness and the logarithm of the strain rate, and the linearity also increases with increasing loading rate. A master curve of quadratic function for the fracture toughness was obtained.
An ID‐based node key management scheme based on PTPM in MANETs
Authors: Yang Guang , Liu Jiqiang , Han Lei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn order to resolve the problems of node multiple keys management and protected storage in mobile ad hoc networks, a new identity‐based node key management scheme combined with next generation protected storage of portable trusted platform module was presented for mobile ad hoc networks. In the scheme, the combined public key based on elliptic‐curve cryptography was adopted to generate multiple keys, which were protected and managed by the next generation protected storage of portable trusted platform module. We show that our scheme is semantically secure under the elliptic‐curve DDH assumption. Also, performance evaluation of proposed scheme in a real‐world ad hoc network indicates the feasibility in practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass, nitrogen content, and decomposition of woody debris in forest stands affected by excreta deposited in nesting colonies of Great Cormorant
Authors: Katsumata Shingo , Hobara Satoru , Osono Takashi , Takeda Hiroshi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGreat Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), a piscivorous bird, has established breeding colonies in a coniferous forest near Lake Biwa in central Japan. This study investigated the possible effects of the colony's excreta on the mass, nitrogen (N) content, and decomposition of woody debris. Study plots were established in forest stands representing four stages from breeding colony establishment to post‐abandonment. The mass of fallen branches (diameter 1–5 cm) and coarse woody debris (logs, snags, and stumps; diameter ≥10 cm) was greater in forest stands colonized by Cormorants than a control stand never colonized by Cormorants. This was primarily attributed to Cormorant activity that caused increased mortality of standing trees and by Cormorants breaking branches for nesting materials. Nitrogen content of branches and logs that had fallen to the forest floor was negatively correlated with the relative density of wood. Nitrogen content of branches was consistently higher (at a given value of relative density) in the colonized stands than in the control stand. The increase of branch N content was possibly caused by the incorporation of N into decomposing branches with excreta‐derived N supplied as throughfall and/or soil solution. The mean value of 2‐year mass loss of recently dead branches and logs was significantly greater for woody debris in the smallest diameter class but was not significantly different among the forest stands. This suggests that the excessive supply of excreta‐derived N and concomitant enrichment of N in soil had negligible effects on the initial stages of decomposition of woody debris.
In vitro evidence that sulfite impairs glutamatergic neurotransmission and inhibits glutathione metabolism‐related enzymes in rat cerebral cortex
Authors: Parmeggiani Belisa , Moura Alana Pimentel , Grings Mateus , Bumbel Anna Paula , de Moura Alvorcem Leonardo , Tauana Pletsch Julia , Fernandes Carolina Gonçalves , Wyse Angela TS , Wajner Moacir , Leipnitz Guilhian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSulfite oxidase (SOX) deficiency is an inherited neurometabolic disorder biochemically characterized by tissue accumulation and high urinary excretion of sulfite and thiosulfate. Affected patients present severe neurological dysfunction accompanied by seizures, whose pathophysiology is poorly known. In the present study we evaluated the in vitro effects of sulfite and thiosulfate on important parameters of glutamatergic neurotransmission and redox homeostasis in rat cerebral cortex slices. We verified that sulfite, but not thiosulfate, significantly decreased glutamate uptake when cerebral cortex slices were exposed during 1 h to these metabolites. We also observed that thiosulfate inhibited glutamine synthetase (GS) activity. A pronounced trend toward GS inhibition induced by sulfite was also found. Regarding redox homeostasis, sulfite, at the concentration of 10 μM, increased thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances and decreased glutathione concentrations after 1 h of exposure. In contrast, thiosulfate did not alter these parameters. We also found that 500 μM sulfite increased sulfhydryl group content in rat cerebral cortex slices and increased GSH levels in a medium containing oxidized GSH (GSSG) and devoid of cortical slices, suggesting that sulfite reacts with disulfide bonds to generate sulfhydryl groups. Moreover, sulfite and thiosulfate did not alter the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) after 1 h of incubation. However, sulfite inhibited the activities of GPx, GST and G6PDH when cortical slices were exposed for 3 h to sulfite. We finally verified that sulfite did not induce cell death after 1 h of incubation. Our data show that sulfite impairs glutamatergic neurotransmission and redox homeostasis in cerebral cortex. Therefore, it may be presumed that these pathomechanisms contribute, at least in part, to the seizures observed in patients affected by SOX deficiency.
Ischemic postconditioning in cerebral ischemia: Differences between the immature and mature brain?
Authors: Leger Pierre‐Louis , Bonnin Philippe , Renolleau Sylvain , Baud Olivier , Charriaut‐Marlangue Christiane 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIschemic postconditioning (postC), defined as serial mechanical interruptions of blood flow at reperfusion, effectively reduces myocardial infarct size in all species tested so far, including humans. In the brain, ischemic postC leads to controversial results regardless of variations in factors such as onset time of beginning, the duration of ischemia and/or reperfusion, and the number of cycles of occlusion/reperfusion. Thus, many major issues remain to be resolved regarding its protective effects. Future studies should aim to identify the parameters that yield the strongest protection, as well as to understand why the efficacy of ischemic postC differs between models. This review will focus on initial hemodynamic changes and their consequences, and on specific features such as NO‐dependent vascular tone and/or prolonged acidosis in cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion in order to better understand the dynamics of ischemic postC in the developing brain.
Oil, Power, and Poverty in Angola
Authors: García-Rodríguez José León , García-Rodríguez Francisco J. , Castilla-Gutiérrez Carlos , Major Silvério Adriano 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:Angola is a large country with a relatively small population and abundant natural resources, including oil reserves. The high price fetched by oil, the mainstay of the Angolan economy, on international markets has helped this leading producer attain growth rates that are among the highest in the world. However, Angola is also noted for its unequal distribution of wealth and notorious political corruption. This article seeks to explore this paradox within the framework of the so-called resource curse theory and analyze the role played by the oil industry in the process.
Radiation Exposure From CT Scanning in the Resuscitative Phase of Trauma Care: A Level One Trauma Centre Experience
Authors: Beatty Lorri , Furey Elizabeth , Daniels Cupido , Berman Avery , Tallon John M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe initial management of a trauma patient often involves imaging in the form of x-rays, computed tomography (CT) and other radiographic studies, which expose the patient to ionizing radiation, an entity known to cause tissue injury and malignancy at high doses. The purpose of this study was to use a calculation-based method to determine the radiation exposure of trauma patients undergoing trauma team activation in a Canadian tertiary-care trauma centre.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted using the Nova Scotia Provincial Trauma Registry. All patients age 16 years old and over who underwent trauma team activation between March 1, 2008 and March 1, 2009 were included. Patients who died prior to imaging tests were excluded. Dose reports for each CT were used to calculate a whole-body radiation dose for each patient.ResultsThere were 230 trauma team activations during the study period, of which 206 had CT imaging. Data were available for 162 patients. The mean whole-body radiation exposure for all patients was 24.4±10.3 mSv, which may correlate to one additional cancer death for every 100 trauma patients scanned.ConclusionsTrauma patients are exposed to significant amounts of radiation during their initial trauma work-up, which may increase the risk of fatal cancer. Clinicians who care for these patients must be aware of the radiation exposure, and take measures to limit radiation exposure of trauma patients.
LOCALLY CONSTANT FUNCTIONS IN C-MINIMAL STRUCTURES
Authors: KOVACSICS PABLO CUBIDES 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLet M be a C-minimal structure and T its canonical tree (which corresponds in an ultrametric space to the set of closed balls with radius different than ∞ ordered by inclusion). We present a description of definable locally constant functions f : M → T in C-minimal structures having a canonical tree with infinitely many branches at each node and densely ordered branches. This provides both a description of definable subsets of T in one variable and analogues of known results in algebraically closed valued fields.
DETECTING GENE FLOW FROM ALS-RESISTANT HYBRID AND INBRED RICE TO WEEDY RICE USING SINGLE PLANT POLLEN DONORS
Authors: GOULART I. C. G. R. , MENEZES V. G. , BORTOLY E. D. , KUPAS V. , MEROTTO A. 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYGene flow from herbicide-resistant rice (Oryza sativaL.) cultivars can affect the biodiversity ofOryzaspp. and can result in the lack of opportunity to control weedy rice through selective herbicides. The aim of the present study was to quantify the outcrossing rate from the herbicide-resistant red rice and rice cultivars carrying three different ALS (acetolactate synthase) alleles using a single plant pollen donor approach. A field experiment was performed using the encircle population combination technique. The main plots comprised the pollen-receptor IRGA 417 cultivar or a susceptible biotype of weedy rice, and the subplots comprised the pollen-donor inbred cultivars IRGA 422 CL and PUITÁ INTA CL, the hybrid SATOR CL or a resistant biotype of weedy rice. Among the pollen-donors, the outcrossing rate for pollen receptor susceptible weedy rice and the IRGA 417 cultivar was 0.0344% and 0.0142%, respectively. Rice cultivars carrying theALSgene mutations Ala122Thr, Ser653Asn and Gly654Asn showed a similar outcrossing rate of 0.0243%. The outcrossing rate decreased over a distance of up to 3.5 m from the pollen-donor and was not affected by the wind cardinal direction. The risk of gene flow of herbicide resistance from rice to weedy rice should be reduced through the development of new strategies to contain and mitigate gene flow and of the elimination of weedy rice escapees.
Hypogymnia papilliformis (Parmeliaceae), a new lichen from Far East Russia and China
Authors: McCune Bruce , Tchabanenko Svetlana , Wei Xin Li 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHypogymnia papilliformis McCune, Tchabanenko & X. L.Wei is described as a new species of lichenized fungus from the Primorsky region of Russia and Shaanxi Province in China. It is a relatively rare species from mixed conifer-broadleaved forests in suboceanic climates, in mountainous areas at elevations of 600–1500 m. Most similar to H. delavayi, the species are distinguished by branching pattern and chemistry. Hypogymnia papilliformis is predominantly isotomically branched while H. delavayi usually develops subpinnate branching. The ceiling of the lobe cavity is mid brown to dark brown in H. papilliformis, while the ceiling is often pale brownish or white in H. delavayi. Also, H. papilliformis lacks 3-hydroxyphysodic acid, and thus has a K– medulla, while H. delavayi always contains 3-hydroxyphysodic acid as a major substance and is thus K+ slowly reddish brown. We provide a key to the six esorediate Hypogymnia species known from the Russian Far East.
Determination of the initial conditions by solving boundary value problem method for period-one walking of a passive biped walking robots
Authors: Safartoobi Masoumeh , Dardel Morteza , Hassan Ghasemi Mohammad , Mohammadi Daniali Hamidreza 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYWith regard to the small basin of attraction of the passive limit cycles, it is important to start from a proper initial condition for stable walking. The present study investigates the passive dynamic behaviors of two-dimensional bipedal walkers of a compass gait model with different foot shapes. In order to find proper initial conditions for stable and unstable period-one gait limit cycles, a method based on solving the nonlinear equations of motion is presented as a boundary value problem (BVP). An initial guess is required to solve the related BVP that is obtained by solving an initial value problem (IVP). For parametric analysis purposes, a continuation method is applied. Simulation results reveal two, period-one gait cycles and the effects of parameters variation for all models.
Analyzing Language Policy and Social Identification Across Heterogeneous Scales
Authors: Mortimer Katherine S. , Wortham Stanton 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTAttempts to improve education often change how language is used in schools. Many such efforts aim to include minoritized students by more fully including their languages. These are often met with resistance not so much about language but more about identity. Thus processes of social identification are implicated in efforts to change language in education. If we are to understand how identity and language policy interconnect, we must analyze how stability and change are produced in each. This requires attention to macro-level patterns and to micro-level practices. But a two-scale account—micro instantiation of macro categories and micro changes shaping macro structures—does not adequately explain identity and language policy. This article focuses on educational language policy implementation, how language use and social identification change in an evolving policy context. We argue that change and stability in language policy implementation must be explained with reference to heterogeneous resources from multiple timescales—beyond micro and macro—as these resources establish and change social identities. We review recent research using multiple timescales to understand social processes like identification and policy implementation, and we illustrate the use of such a scalar account to describe the social identification of one student in a sixth grade classroom in Paraguay in the midst of a major national educational language policy change. We show how a person's identification as a new kind of minority language speaker involved heterogeneous resources from various spatiotemporal scales. We argue that analysis of the heterogeneous resources involved in social identification is essential to understanding the role that these processes play in cultural, pedagogical, and language change.
Age Differences in Trade-off Decisions: Different Strategies but Similar Outcomes
Authors: Ma Xiaodong , Chen Yiwei 
Published: March 2015

RÉSUMÉL'objectif principal de cette étude était d'examiner les différences conditionnées par l'âge dans le traitement des stratégies de décisions émotionnellement difficiles. En outre, l'étude a testé les contributions pertinentes des mécanismes cognitifs et émotionnels à des différences dans le traitement de ces stratégies conditionnées par l'âge. Quarante jeunes adultes et quarante adultes plus âgés, en tout, ont été assignés au hasard soit à un niveau élevé ou à un niveau bas de difficulté émotionnelle qu'implique la décision d'acheter une automobile. MouselabWEB logiciel a été utilisé pour tracer les stratégies de traitement des partici- pants. Les résultats ont montré que les personnes âgées étaient plus susceptibles d'utiliser des stratégies de traitement basées sur les attributs, tandis que les jeunes adultes étaient plus susceptibles d'utiliser des stratégies de traitement basées sur des solutions de rechange à l'état très émotive. D'autre part, les jeunes adultes et les adultes plus âgés ont préféré utiliser des stratégies de traitement fondées sur des alternatives dans des conditions d'émotion faible. De plus, les résultats suggèrent que la mesure cognitive (c'est à dire, programmation de chiffres-symboles) n'était pas corrélée avec les effets de l'âge sur les stratégies de traitement.
The challenges of treating women with recurrent urinary tract infections in primary care: a qualitative study of GPs’ experiences of conventional management and their attitudes towards possible herbal options
Authors: Flower Andrew , Winters David , Bishop Felicity L. , Lewith George 
Published: March 2015

AimTo explore GPs’ experiences of managing recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs) and their views on the use of herbal medicines for this condition.BackgroundRUTIs are an important problem commonly managed in primary care. Antibiotic prophylaxis is an effective treatment for acute infections but growing microbial resistance, adverse effects, and the lack of sustained long-term benefits mean that novel treatments are required. There are a number of promising reports of herbal medicines being used to treat RUTIs.MethodsA total of 15 GPs (seven female; aged 34–59 years; in practice from 3 to 31 years) were purposively sampled and took part in semi-structured face-to-face and telephone interviews. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Data collection and analysis proceeded iteratively to allow emerging themes to inform subsequent interviews.FindingsParticipants were aware of the disabling effect of RUTIs on women’s lives. GPs experienced significant challenges in their management of RUTIs with decisions about the provision of antibiotics being particularly complex. While some participants were open to the possibility of herbal treatment options they required more research into effectiveness and safety, better regulation of herbal practitioners, and assurance about herbal quality control and potential herb–drug interactions.
Prognostic significance of Cbx4 expression and its beneficial effect for transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jiao H-K , Xu Y , Li J , Wang W , Mei Z , Long X-D , Chen G-Q 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOur recent investigations showed that polycomb chromobox 4 (Cbx4) promotes angiogenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through its sumoylating action on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α protein. Here, we attempt to identify the prognostic significances of Cbx4 by a retrospective analyses in 727 cases of HCC patients with and without postoperative transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or transarterial embolization (TAE). Binary logistic regression tests indicated that Cbx4 is correlated with histological grading, tumor-node-metastasis stage, microvessel density, distant metastasis and hematogenous metastasis of HCC. By univariate and multivariate analyses, we show that Cbx4 is an independent prognostic factor of HCC, and both TAE and TACE treatments have no effects on the overall survival in HCC patients with low Cbx4 expression. More intriguingly, TACE prolongs, while TAE shortens, the overall survival of HCC patients with high Cbx4 expression, indicating that Cbx4 is a good biomarker on decision-making to perform postoperative TACE in HCC patients. Moreover, Cbx4 overexpression enhances while Cbx4 silencing antagonizes doxorubicin-induced cell death of HCC cell lines. In conclusion, Cbx4 is an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients, and the patients with high Cbx4 expression should receive postoperative TACE treatment to improve their survival.
Sub-nanosecond signal propagation in anisotropy-engineered nanomagnetic logic chains
Authors: Gu Zheng , Nowakowski Mark E. , Carlton David B. , Storz Ralph , Im Mi-Young , Hong Jeongmin , Chao Weilun , Lambson Brian , Bennett Patrick , Alam Mohmmad T. , Marcus Matthew A. , Doran Andrew , Young Anthony , Scholl Andreas , Fischer Peter , Bokor Jeffrey 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEnergy efficient nanomagnetic logic (NML) computing architectures propagate binary information by relying on dipolar field coupling to reorient closely spaced nanoscale magnets. Signal propagation in nanomagnet chains has been previously characterized by static magnetic imaging experiments; however, the mechanisms that determine the final state and their reproducibility over millions of cycles in high-speed operation have yet to be experimentally investigated. Here we present a study of NML operation in a high-speed regime. We perform direct imaging of digital signal propagation in permalloy nanomagnet chains with varying degrees of shape-engineered biaxial anisotropy using full-field magnetic X-ray transmission microscopy and time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy after applying nanosecond magnetic field pulses. An intrinsic switching time of 100 ps per magnet is observed. These experiments, and accompanying macrospin and micromagnetic simulations, reveal the underlying physics of NML architectures repetitively operated on nanosecond timescales and identify relevant engineering parameters to optimize performance and reliability.
Translational diffusion of hydration water correlates with functional motions in folded and intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Schirò Giorgio , Fichou Yann , Gallat Francois-Xavier , Wood Kathleen , Gabel Frank , Moulin Martine , Härtlein Michael , Heyden Matthias , Colletier Jacques-Philippe , Orecchini Andrea , Paciaroni Alessandro , Wuttke Joachim , Tobias Douglas J. , Weik Martin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHydration water is the natural matrix of biological macromolecules and is essential for their activity in cells. The coupling between water and protein dynamics has been intensively studied, yet it remains controversial. Here we combine protein perdeuteration, neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations to explore the nature of hydration water motions at temperatures between 200 and 300 K, across the so-called protein dynamical transition, in the intrinsically disordered human protein tau and the globular maltose binding protein. Quasi-elastic broadening is fitted with a model of translating, rotating and immobile water molecules. In both experiment and simulation, the translational component markedly increases at the protein dynamical transition (around 240 K), regardless of whether the protein is intrinsically disordered or folded. Thus, we generalize the notion that the translational diffusion of water molecules on a protein surface promotes the large-amplitude motions of proteins that are required for their biological activity.