bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosimilars in psoriasis: What can we expect?
Authors: Radtke Marc Alexander , Augustin Matthias 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBiosimilars are biotechnologically processed drugs whose amino acid sequence is identical to the original biopharmaceutical. They are of considerable clinical, economical, and health care interest. As patents for biologicals used to treat psoriasis expire, biosimilars will become more and more important within the field of dermatology. The patents for the two top‐selling drugs (adalimumab and etanercept) will terminate in the next few years. Applications for biosimilars will presumably be submitted to the EMA and the FDA for all patent‐free biologicals. Both regulatory bodies have issued guidelines on the assessment of bioequivalence, as well as the benefits and risks of biosimilars. While the preclinical requirements of the FDA and EMA are largely comparable, the formal requirements for clinical bioequivalence, including clinical efficacy and safety, differ markedly. Therefore, from a medical and health care perspective before biosimilars enter the market, specific evidence‐based regulatory conditions need to be created and fulfilled. Only then biosimilars can be a less expensive option for a large number of patients, providing them with substances of the same value. Adequate, unequivocal proof of their bioequivalence, quality, and related patient safety should have priority over any ostensible economic benefits.
Can site and landscape‐scale environmental attributes buffer bird populations against weather events?
Authors: Newson Stuart E. , Oliver Tom H. , Gillings Simon , Crick Humphrey Q. P. , Morecroft Michael D. , Duffield Simon J. , Macgregor Nicholas A. , Pearce‐Higgins James W. 
Published: April 2014

Projected impacts of climate change on the populations and distributions of species pose a challenge for conservationists. In response, a number of adaptation strategies to enable species to persist in a changing climate have been proposed. Management to maximise the quality of habitat at existing sites may reduce the magnitude or frequency of climate‐driven population declines. In addition large‐scale management of landscapes could potentially improve the resilience of populations by facilitating inter‐population movements. A reduction in the obstacles to species’ range expansion, may also allow species to track changing conditions better through shifts to new locations, either regionally or locally. However, despite a strong theoretical base, there is limited empirical evidence to support these management interventions. This makes it difficult for conservationists to decide on the most appropriate strategy for different circumstances. Here extensive data from long‐term monitoring of woodland birds at individual sites are used to examine the two‐way interactions between habitat and both weather and population count in the previous year. This tests the extent to which site‐scale and landscape‐scale habitat attributes may buffer populations against variation in winter weather (a key driver of woodland bird population size) and facilitate subsequent population growth.Our results provide some support for the prediction that landscape‐scale attributes (patch isolation and area of woodland habitat) may influence the ability of some woodland bird species to withstand weather‐mediated population declines. These effects were most apparent among generalist woodland species. There was also evidence that several, primarily specialist, woodland species are more likely to increase following population decline where there is more woodland at both site and landscape scales. These results provide empirical support for the concept that landscape‐scale conservation efforts may make the populations of some woodland bird species more resilient to climate change. However in isolation, management is unlikely to provide a universal benefit to all species.
The incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Israel from 2005 to 2007: results of a nationwide survey
Authors: Kesler A. , Stolovic N. , Bluednikov Y. , Shohat T. 
Published: April 2014

Background and purposeIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a disorder related to increased intracranial pressure without clinical, laboratory or radiological evidence of an intracranial space occupying lesion or cerebral sinus vein thrombosis, predominantly affecting obese women of childbearing age. Our aim was to determine the incidence and clinical features of IIH in Israel.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, all medical records of patients discharged from the hospital with a primary diagnosis of IIH during 2005–2007 were reviewed.ResultsFour hundred and twenty‐eight patients with a new onset of IIH were diagnosed. The average annual incidence rate was 2.02 per 100 000 with an incidence of 3.17 per 100 000 for women and 0.85 per 100 000 for men. The incidence rate in females of childbearing age (18–45) was 5.49 per 100 000. The female to male ratio for >17 years old was 6.1:1 (252 females and 41 males) and 2.1:1 (60 females and 28 males) for ages 11–17. Obesity was documented in 83.4% of patients. Body mass index (BMI) data were available for 159 (37.1%) patients; of these, 59.1% had a BMI ≥ 30.ConclusionThe incidence of IIH in Israel has increased during the last decade. This finding could be related to the increasing rates of obesity. The association of IIH and obesity should be further explored especially with regard to the effect of weight reduction for primary prevention.
Don’t Tax Me? Determinants of Individual Attitudes Toward Progressive Taxation
Authors: Hennighausen Tanja , Heinemann Friedrich 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis contribution empirically analyzes the individual determinants of tax rate preferences. For that purpose, we use representative survey data from the German General Social Survey, which offers information on attitudes toward progressive, proportional and regressive taxation. On the basis of theoretical considerations, we explore the factors which, beyond an individual’s financial interest, should drive preferences for progressive taxation. Our empirical results confirm that the narrow redistributive self-interest does not offer the sole explanation of the heterogeneity in individual attitudes. Rather, we show that the choice of the favored tax rate is also driven by fairness considerations and beliefs on the role of effort for economic success.
A comparison ofHelicobacter pyloriand non‐Helicobacter pylori Helicobacterspp. Binding to Canine Gastric Mucosa with Defined Gastric Glycophenotype
Authors: Amorim Irina , Freitas Daniela P. , Magalhães Ana , Faria Fátima , Lopes Célia , Faustino Augusto M. , Smet Annemieke , Haesebrouck Freddy , Reis Celso A. , Gärtner Fátima 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe gastric mucosa of dogs is often colonized by non‐Helicobacter pylorihelicobacters (NHPH), whileH. pyloriis the predominant gastricHelicobacterspecies in humans. The colonization of the human gastric mucosa byH. pyloriis highly dependent on the recognition of host glycan receptors. Our goal was to define the canine gastric mucosa glycophenotype and to evaluate the capacity of different gastricHelicobacterspecies to adhere to the canine gastric mucosa.Materials and MethodsThe glycosylation profile in body and antral compartments of the canine gastric mucosa, with focus on the expression of histo‐blood group antigens was evaluated. The in vitro binding capacity ofFITC‐labeledH. pyloriandNHPHto the canine gastric mucosa was assessed in cases representative of the canine glycosylation pattern.ResultsThe canine gastric mucosa lacks expression of type 1 Lewis antigens and presents a broad expression of type 2 structures and A antigen, both in the surface and glandular epithelium. Regarding the canine antral mucosa,H. heilmanniis.s. presented the highest adhesion score whereas in the body region the SabA‐positiveH. pyloristrain was the strain that adhered more.ConclusionsThe canine gastric mucosa showed a glycosylation profile different from the human gastric mucosa suggesting that alternative glycan receptors may be involved inHelicobacterspp. binding.Helicobacter pyloriandNHPHstrains differ in their ability to adhere to canine gastric mucosa. Among theNHPH,H. heilmanniis.s. presented the highest adhesion capacity in agreement with its reported colonization of the canine stomach.
Trends in Religious History in New Zealand: From Institutional to Social History
Authors: Lineham Peter J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis survey of recent writings on the religion of New Zealand shows how social and political themes have taken precedence over institutional history and suggests that religious history is one of the most vigorous aspects of historical work in the country. Yet it also notes that this category of history has only gradually been recognised as significant in general accounts of New Zealand. It suggests that as in other western countries, new writings on religion have shown that it raises profound contemporary historical issues, whether in relation to race relations, reformist movements, political culture or community structure.
Antioxidant activity in relation to the phenolic profile during the winemaking of sweet wines Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon
Authors: Marquez Ana , Serratosa Maria P. , Merida Julieta 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe phenolic profile during the winemaking of Cabernet Sauvignon sweet wines has been studied, including the stages of controlled grape drying and the posterior maceration of the fortified musts with their skins. Each phenolic family has been correlated individually with the antioxidant activity measured by the 2,2,‐diphenylpicrylhydrazyl assay. Linear regressions with a confidence level superior to 99% have been found with hydroxybenzoic acids, esters of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan‐3‐ol derivatives, tannins, anthocyanin adducts, polymers and polymeric pigments. With a multiple correlation, the antioxidant properties of musts and sweet wines were explained jointly by the families of polymeric pigments and flavan‐3‐ol derivatives. The musts during the drying process and the wines during the maceration presented a different phenolic composition and were distinguished using a cluster analysis and a principal component analysis.
Physiological stability: a concept analysis
Authors: Lebel Valerie , Alderson Marie , Aita Marilyn 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo present a concept analysis of physiological stability.BackgroundPhysiological stability is an ubiquitous concept in the literature. However, no operational definition of this concept seems to be clearly established even though a literature review demonstrates multiple uses of the concept. Thus, a concept analysis is required to clarify the concept of physiological stability and identify its theoretical bases.DesignWalker and Avant's method of concept analysis.Data SourcesThe databases consulted to perform the literature review of concept of physiological stability were: CINAHL, Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Eric and EMB Reviews. Articles were included when the keywords physiological and stability were present in the title or abstract in articles published between 2000–2012, available electronically or in paper at the libraries.Review MethodThis concept analysis was performed using the 8‐step method proposed by Walker and Avant.ResultsIdentification of the attributes, antecedents and consequences of physiological stability led to an operational definition of the concept of physiological stability as a dynamic state of a living organism characterized by the maintenance of one or more physiological parameters within value ranges that vary only slightly in the presence of disruptive elements. It is an adaptive response reflecting the physiological balance of the living organism.ConclusionThis analysis contributes to the advancement of knowledge of the concept of physiological stability by proposing an operational definition derived from theoretical foundations. This concept is important within nursing because it helps to define the effectiveness of nursing interventions and attests to clients' well‐being.
Prevalence and risk factors of development of peripheral diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care setting
Authors: Bansal Dipika , Gudala Kapil , Muthyala Harini , Esam Hari Prasad , Nayakallu Ramya , Bhansali Anil 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe study was carried out to assess the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), compare the prevalence between known diabetes mellitus (KDM) and newly detected diabetes mellitus (NDDM), identify risk factors associated, its prevalence pattern and to assess if any sex‐specific differences are present.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital. Patients with duration of diabetes ≤6 months were considered to be NDDM. DPN was diagnosed by the combination of more than one abnormal result of 10‐g monofilament, pinprick sensations and ankle reflexes, and categorized according to the severity level using vibration perception threshold. The study included 1,637 KDM and 369 NDDM patients.ResultsA total of 586 participants were found to have DPN, accounting for 29.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 27.2–31.2) prevalence. The higher prevalence was observed in KDM compared with NDDM 33.7% (95% CI 31.42–36.01) vs 9.2% (95% CI 6.3–12.2; P < 0.001). Prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe neuropathies was 8.06, 14.55 and 6.63%, respectively. Regression analysis showed age (P < 0.001), duration of diabetes (P < 0.001), dyslipidemia (P = 0.03), glycated hemoglobin (P < 0.001), the presence of other microvascular complications (P < 0.001), macrovascular complications (P = 0.003) and alcoholic status (P < 0.033) to be associated. No sex‐specific differences were observed in the mean age at diagnosis of diabetes, mean age at the diagnosis of neuropathy, and duration taken for the DPN development among females and males.ConclusionsThe study showed a high prevalence (29.2%) of DPN among north Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Thus, timely screening with earlier detection and intervention would be useful in preventing the progression of neuropathy.
Advance Directive Completion by Elderly Americans: A Decade of Change
Authors: Silveira Maria J. , Wiitala Wyndy , Piette John 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesTo describe trends in advance directive (AD) completion from 2000 to 2010 and to explore the relationship between AD and hospitalization and hospital death at the end of life.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingHealth and Retirement Study (HRS).ParticipantsHRS participants who died between 2000 and 2010 and were aged 60 and older at death (N = 6,122).MeasurementsTrends over time in rates of AD completion, hospitalization before death, and death in hospital are described. The association between trends in AD completion and hospital death was then assessed by comparing nested, multivariable logistic regression models predicting the odds of hospital death over time with and without adjusting for AD status and sociodemographic characteristics. The complex sampling design was accounted for in all analyses.ResultsThe proportion of decedents with an AD increased from 47% in 2000 to 72% in 2010. At the same time, the proportion of decedents with at least one hospitalization in the last 2 years of life increased from 52% to 71%, and the proportion dying in the hospital decreased from 45% to 35%. After adjusting for confounding by sociodemographic characteristics, the trend in declining hospital death over the decade was negligibly associated with the greater use of ADs.ConclusionThere has been a significant increase in rates of AD completion over the last decade, but this trend has had little effect upon hospitalization and hospital death, suggesting that AD completion is unlikely to stem hospitalization before death.
Detection of Adverse Events in an Acute Geriatric Hospital over a 6‐Year Period Using the Global Trigger Tool
Authors: Suarez Cristina , Menendez María Dolores , Alonso Josefina , Castaño Nieves , Alonso Marta , Vazquez Fernando 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the frequency, severity, and preventability of adverse events (AEs) detected using the Global Trigger Tool (GTT) in an acute geriatric hospital.DesignA 6‐year retrospective study.SettingAn urban Spanish acute geriatric teaching hospital of 200 beds.ParticipantsTen randomly selected clinical records were chosen every fortnight from January 2007 to December 2012 (1,440 records, 240 per year).MeasurementsTriggers, AEs, Index of the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP) categories of severity, and Likert scale to evaluate the preventability of AEs.ResultsFour hundred twenty‐four AEs (categories E to I of the NCC MERP Index) were identified in 335 of the 1,440 individuals scrutinized, which corresponded to 29.4 physical injuries per 100 admissions (95% confidence interval (CI) = 25.7–34.7). Of these, 351 (91.7%) occurred 3 or more days after admission; 279 harms (65.8%) were preventable. Significant decreases in the rate of harms per 1,000 patient‐days (21.8 vs 27.1, relative risk (RR) = 0.77, 95% CI 0.66–0.91, P = .02) and in high‐severity events (categories F to I) (11/720 clinical records in 2011–2012 vs 23/720 clinical records in 2007–2009) (RR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.24–0.96, P = .04) were observed during the second half of the study from the first. The number needed to alert was 7.8.ConclusionThe frequency and severity of AEs decreased during the period of study. Factors possibly contributing to the decrease in AEs include new beds with variable height, pressure ulcer prevention, introduction of clinical electronic records, staff training on hand washing, surgical check list, correct patient identification, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality surveys on patient safety culture.
Effect of the Bathing Without a Battle Training Intervention on Bathing‐Associated Physical and Verbal Outcomes in Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: A Randomized Crossover Diffusion Study
Authors: Gozalo Pedro , Prakash Shivaani , Qato Danya M. , Sloane Philip D. , Mor Vincent 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of the Bathing Without a Battle intervention in reducing physical and verbal aggressive behaviors for nursing home residents with dementia.DesignA randomized crossover diffusion study, with one group receiving the intervention after one round of baseline observations and a delayed intervention group receiving the intervention after two rounds of baseline observations.SettingSix nursing home facilities in the state of New York.ParticipantsNursing home residents with dementia (N = 240).InterventionThe Bathing Without a Battle educational program, designed for direct‐care staff members responsible for bathing residents diagnosed with dementia and implemented through a train‐the‐trainer model.MeasurementsRates of verbal and physical aggressive and agitated behaviors were measured using the Care Recipient Behavior Assessment; secondary measures of effect included bath duration, bath modality, and antipsychotic medication use.ResultsIn spite of implementation obstacles (consent delays and change in leadership at one facility), a significant change was observed in how residents were bathed that translated into a significant reduction in the rate of aggressive and agitated behaviors, particularly verbal, during residents' baths. The use of in‐bed baths increased 17%, and average bath duration decreased significantly (average 1.5 minutes less) in the postintervention period, particularly for in‐bed baths. Verbal behaviors declined 17.8% (P = .008), combined verbal and physical behaviors declined 18.6% (P = .004), and antipsychotic use declined 30% (P = .002) after the intervention.ConclusionThe Bathing Without a Battle educational program, delivered through a train‐the‐trainer format, is an effective means of improving the bathing experience of residents with dementia in nursing homes. This research supports broadly adopting this intervention, especially for nursing homes serving many residents with dementia.
Microstructural changes in cartilage and bone related to repetitive overloading in an equine athlete model
Authors: Turley Sean M. , Thambyah Ashvin , Riggs Christopher M. , Firth Elwyn C. , Broom Neil D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe palmar aspect of the third metacarpal (MC3) condyle of equine athletes is known to be subjected to repetitive overloading that can lead to the accumulation of joint tissue damage, degeneration, and stress fractures, some of which result in catastrophic failure. However, there is still a need to understand at a detailed microstructural level how this damage progresses in the context of the wider joint tissue complex, i.e. the articular surface, the hyaline and calcified cartilage, and the subchondral bone. MC3 bones from non‐fractured joints were obtained from the right forelimbs of 16 Thoroughbred racehorses varying in age between 3 and 8 years, with documented histories of active race training. Detailed microstructural analysis of two clinically important sites, the parasagittal grooves and the mid‐condylar regions, identified extensive levels of microdamage in the calcified cartilage and subchondral bone concealed beneath outwardly intact hyaline cartilage. The study shows a progression in microdamage severity, commencing with mild hard‐tissue microcracking in younger animals and escalating to severe subchondral bone collapse and lesion formation in the hyaline cartilage with increasing age and thus athletic activity. The presence of a clearly distinguishable fibrous tissue layer at the articular surface immediately above sites of severe subchondral collapse suggested a limited reparative response in the hyaline cartilage.
Thrombomodulin improves maternal and fetal conditions in an experimental pre‐eclampsia rat model
Authors: Shin Mihwa , Hino Hirofumi , Tamura Midori , Ishizuka Bunpei , Tanaka Mamoru , Suzuki Nao , Tateda Takeshi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the consecutive administration of recombinant thrombomodulin (r‐TM) for 4 days improves maternal and fetal conditions and physiological outcomes in an N′‐nitro‐L‐arginine‐methyl ester hydrochloride‐induced and low‐dose endotoxin‐induced pre‐eclampsia (PE).Methodsr‐TM or saline was administrated i.v. to normal pregnant and experimental PE rats for 4 days. The maternal condition, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐1 (VEGFR‐1), fetal conditions, uteroplacental blood flow (UPBF), and oxygenation in the placenta and fetal brain was evaluated on gestational day 21.ResultsSignificant increases in the mean arterial blood pressure, VEGFR‐1 values and fetal death rate were observed in PE rats compared with control rats, while maternal and fetal bodyweight and fetal brain weight were substantially lower. Hypoperfusion and hypo‐oxygenation in both the placenta and fetal brain tissues occurred in PE rats. Although r‐TM failed to improve hypertension and affect the differences in maternal bodyweight between the groups, r‐TM significantly improved hypoperfusion and fetal and maternal conditions, including VEGFR‐1 values (6.5 ± 4.0 vs 2.2 ± 2.7 ng/mL, PE vs PE with r‐TM, respectively; P < 0.05). Although not significant, a decrease in the fetal death rate was observed in PE rats administrated r‐TM (36.1 ± 17.6% vs 25.0 ± 23.8%, P = 0.077).ConclusionThe severe reductions in the UPBF and the placental oxygenation imply that regional hypoperfusion occurs in association with systemic mean arterial pressure. r‐TM may be a candidate medical treatment for PE complications.