bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
African schistosomiasis in mainland China: risk of transmission and countermeasures to tackle the risk
Authors: Wang Wei , Liang You-Sheng , Hong Qing-Biao , Dai Jian-Rong 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major disease of public health importance in humans occurring in 76 countries of the tropics and sub-tropics. In China, schistosomiasis japonica is one of the highest priorities in communicable disease control defined by the central government. Since 1970s, the habitats of Biomphalaria straminea, an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni in South America, have been identified in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Shenzhen city, Guangdong province of China. With the sharp growth in the China-aided projects in Africa and labor services export to Africa, a gradual rise in the cases infected with S. haematobium or S. mansoni is reported in those returning from Africa to China. The existence of intermediate snail hosts and import of infectious source of schistosomiasis results in concern about the transmission of African schistosomiasis in mainland China in the context of global climate change. This paper evaluates the risk of transmission of African schistosomiasis in China, and proposes countermeasures and research priorities to tackle the risk.
Antiepileptic drugs and breastfeeding
Authors: Davanzo Riccardo , Dal Bo Sara , Bua Jenny , Copertino Marco , Zanelli Elisa , Matarazzo Lorenza 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Introduction
This review provides a synopsis for clinicians on the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the breastfeeding mother.

Methods
For each AED, we collected all retrievable data from Hale’s “Medications and Mother Milk” (2012), from the LactMed database (2013) of the National Library of Medicine, and from a MedLine Search of relevant studies in the past 10 years.

Results
Older AEDs, such as carbamazepine, valproic acid, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone are considered to have a good level of safety during lactation, due to the long term clinical experience and the consequent amount of available data from the scientific literature. On the contrary, fewer data are available on the use of new AEDs. Therefore, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, vigabatrin, tiagabine, pregabalin, leviracetam and topiramate are compatible with breastfeeding with a less documented safety profile. Ethosuximide, zonisamide and the continue use of clonazepam and diazepam are contraindicated during breastfeeding.

Conclusions
Although the current available advice on the use of AEDs during breastfeeding, given by different accredited sources, present some contradictions, most AEDs can be considered safe according to our review.
Comparison of the clonality of urothelial carcinoma developing in the upper urinary tract and those developing in the bladder
Authors: Wang Yuding , Lang Michael R , Pin Christopher L , Izawa Jonathan I 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Purpose
To identify the origin of synchronous and metachronous urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder and upper urinary tract to get a better understanding of the basic mechanism behind the multifocality of UC, which may provide a sound bases for the future development of new strategies for detection, prevention and therapy.

Methods
Six patients with UC of the bladder and synchronous or metachronous UC of the upper urinary tract were studied. Genetic analysis involving the study of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) has been evaluated on their tumours using well characterised and new markers of UC (D9S171, D9S177, D9S303 and TP53).

Results
Five of the six patients demonstrated informative results. Four of five (80%) of patients had synchronous or metacharonous UC tumour and showed patterns of LOH consistent with tumorigenesis from monoclonal tumour origin. One of five (20%) patients exhibited a LOH consistent with oligoclonal tumorigenesis.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that both the monoclonal and field cancerization theory of tumorigenesis may play a role in tumors of the urothelial tract. However, more data is needed.
The genome and developmental transcriptome of the strongylid nematode Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Schwarz Erich M , Korhonen Pasi K , Campbell Bronwyn E , Young Neil D , Jex Aaron R , Jabbar Abdul , Hall Ross S , Mondal Alinda , Howe Adina C , Pell Jason , Hofmann Andreas , Boag Peter R , Zhu Xing-Quan , Gregory T Ryan , Loukas Alex , Williams Brian A , Antoshechkin Igor , Brown C Titus , Sternberg Paul W , Gasser Robin B 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background
The barber's pole worm, Haemonchus contortus, is one of the most economically important parasites of small ruminants worldwide. Although this parasite can be controlled using anthelmintic drugs, resistance against most drugs in common use has become a widespread problem. We provide a draft of the genome and the transcriptomes of all key developmental stages of H. contortus to support biological and biotechnological research areas of this and related parasites.

Results
The draft genome of H. contortus is 320 Mb in size and encodes 23,610 protein-coding genes. On a fundamental level, we elucidate transcriptional alterations taking place throughout the life cycle, characterize the parasite's gene silencing machinery, and explore molecules involved in development, reproduction, host-parasite interactions, immunity, and disease. The secretome of H. contortus is particularly rich in peptidases linked to blood-feeding activity and interactions with host tissues, and a diverse array of molecules is involved in complex immune responses. On an applied level, we predict drug targets and identify vaccine molecules.

Conclusions
The draft genome and developmental transcriptome of H. contortus provide a major resource to the scientific community for a wide range of genomic, genetic, proteomic, metabolomic, evolutionary, biological, ecological, and epidemiological investigations, and a solid foundation for biotechnological outcomes, including new anthelmintics, vaccines and diagnostic tests. This first draft genome of any strongylid nematode paves the way for a rapid acceleration in our understanding of a wide range of socioeconomically important parasites of one of the largest nematode orders.
Prostaglandin E2 imprints a long-lasting effect on dendritic cell progenitors in the bone marrow
Authors: Scott Naomi M , Ng Royce L X , Gorman Shelley , Norval Mary , Waithman Jason , Hart Prue H 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDendritic cells (DCs) that differentiate in vitro from the bone marrow (BM) of mice with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-associated inflammation of the skin, airways, or peritoneal cavity poorly initiate immune responses. To remove in vitro differentiation and allow BM-derived DCs to seed the periphery under steady-state conditions, as well as study the molecule proposed responsible, chimeric mice were engrafted for &gt;16 wk with BM cells from mice exposed to PGE2. Serial PGE2-chimeric mice were established with BM cells from the primary chimeric mice. Immune responses in the airways and skin of the PGE2-chimeric mice and serial PGE2-chimeric mice were significantly attenuated. After inflammatory challenges by intranasal LPS, topical fluorescein isothiocyanate, and intraperitoneal alum, DCs, macrophages, and neutrophils trafficked poorly in PGE2-chimeric mice and serial PGE2-chimeric mice. Injection of BM-differentiated DCs from nonchimeric mice restored the reduced immune responses of PGE2-chimeric mice. DCs from BM of 16-wk-engrafted PGE2-chimeric and serial PGE2-chimeric mice resembled cells differentiated from BM exposed to PGE2 for only 3 d, demonstrating the long-lasting effect of PGE2 on DC progenitors. PGE2 attenuates systemic immune responses by modulating myeloid cell progenitors in the BM such that BM-derived, terminally differentiated myeloid cells have poor trafficking ability to sites of need.
Dendritic cell-derived thrombospondin-1 is critical for the generation of the ocular surface Th17 response to desiccating stress
Authors: Gandhi Niral B , Su Zhitao , Zhang Xiaobo , Volpe Eugene A , Pelegrino Flavia S A , Rahman Salman A , Li De-Quan , Pflugfelder Stephen C , de Paiva Cintia S 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTTSP-1 is a physiologic activator of TGF-β, a critical induction factor for Th17-mediated immunity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of TSP-1 in the induction of the Th17 ocular surface response to DS. TSP-1KO and WT mice were subjected to DS5 and DS10), and parameters of ocular surface disease, including corneal barrier function, conjunctival CD4+ T cell infiltration, and GC density, were evaluated. TSP-1KO mice subjected to DS had less corneal barrier disruption, reduced loss of PAS+ GC, and decreased CD4+ T cell infiltration in the conjunctiva. In contrast to WT, TSP-1KO mice failed to up-regulate MMP-3 and MMP-9 mRNA transcripts in the cornea and IL-17A mRNA transcripts in the conjunctiva. RAG-1KO recipients of adoptively transferred CD4+ T cells isolated from TSP-1KO mice subjected to DS5 showed milder dry-eye phenotype and less conjunctival inflammation than recipients of CD4+ T cells from DS5 WT control. Reconstitution of TSP-1KO mice with WT DCs prior to DS reversed the resistance of the TSP-1KO to DS-induced immunopathology. In conclusion, DC-derived TSP-1 is critical for generating the Th17 ocular surface response to DS.
Creative tension? Negotiating the space between the arts and management
Authors: Beirne Martin 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article offers a critical review of cross-boundary ties and tensions between the arts and management. It considers various reactions to managerialism in this context, providing a cautionary insight into managerial art and calling attention to the dual role compromises that can arise for artists who engage with business management. It also highlights the common ground between critical art and critical management studies, arguing that complementary concerns and activities within these traditions present opportunities for collaborative engagement to reach beyond managerial orthodoxy and anticipate more progressive, empowering and accountable forms of management. This discussion sets the scene for subsequent contributions to this special edition.
Building the dream in a theatre of peace: Community arts management and the position of the practitioner in Northern Ireland
Authors: Jennings Matt 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article addresses the practice of community drama as an aspect of conflict transformation in Northern Ireland since the beginning of the peace process established by the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, particularly examining the tensions between public policy, arts management, and the experiences of practitioners and participants. The key focus will be an analysis of the ways in which organizational contexts have enhanced or restricted the potential for critically reflective practice. As has been discussed in a previous article by M. Jennings and A. Baldwin, the prioritization within cultural development organizations of adhering to ‘top-down’ funding agendas and evaluation criteria has neglected consideration of the real challenges faced and the achievements attained by facilitators and participants within the context of specific projects. The complexity of the relationships between artists, cultural development organizations, funding bodies and the state have made it difficult for community artists to establish and transmit the values and significance of their own practice. The tensions between these stakeholders have undermined both the efficacy of community arts practice and the credibility of cultural development policy within contemporary Northern Ireland. The controversies, scepticism and even bomb attacks on the offices of the UK City of Culture company in Derry/Londonderry during the last two years indicate the risks of failure in these areas.
Whose value is it anyway? A neo-institutionalist approach to articulating and evaluating artistic value
Authors: Walmsley Ben 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The neo-liberal agenda that has dominated the creative industries for the past few decades has engendered a range of problems for artists, arts managers and policy-makers. This article critiques the application of commercial strategic management and marketing tools, theory and principles to arts and cultural organizations and proposes alternative approaches to assist these organizations in creating, identifying and evaluating value on their own terms and in line with their artistic missions and objectives. The solutions proposed are generated by an application of the literature on arts management and evaluation, cultural policy and sociology and through a qualitative study of audiences’ articulations of value. The article reports and analyses the responses of 34 semi-structured in-depth interviews on the value of theatre with participants drawn from audiences in the United Kingdom and Australia. It highlights the discrepancies between the instrumental methods of evaluating value imposed on arts organizations by governments and the personal, intrinsic insights provided by audiences themselves. It argues ultimately for a neo-institutionalist and creative approach to articulating artistic value, which would evaluate organizational performance in line with artistic objectives. In so doing, it makes a valuable contribution to the ongoing debate about cultural value, and proposes a creative, alternative evaluation framework for artists, arts managers, arts marketers and cultural policy-makers.
A critical stage for learning? Efficiency and efficacy in workplace theatre-based leadership skills development
Authors: Feltham Richard 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The use of actors and applied theatre methods for workplace management and leadership training has become increasingly common. Organizations have sought to obtain competitive advantage by drawing on theatre methods to enable staff to perform their work roles in a context of rapid and fundamental change to work practices and structures. This case study explores the impact of a specific form of theatre-based learning inside the insurance provider, Friends Provident. It presents a nuanced picture of applied theatre in this commercial context. Whilst the business use of this form of theatre may be driven by imperatives for efficiency, in practice a unique space can be generated in which participants can express and address the tensions of organizational life. I suggest this study will be of interest to researchers concerned with approaches to training in leadership and management, as well as scholars from the fields of applied theatre and acting.
Reviews
Authors: Hunter Paul , Gale Robert Softley 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The Arts Management Handbook: New Directions for Students and Practitioners, Meg Brindle and Constance De Vereaux (eds) (2011) New York and London: M. E. Sharpe, 368 pp., ISBN: 978-0-7656-1742-2, p/bk, £37.53
Disability Culture and Community Performance: Find a Strange and Twisted Shape, Petra Kuppers (2011) Palgrave Macmillan, 296 pp., ISBN: 978-0230298279, Basingstoke, England / £58.00
Adsorption and Oxidation Effects in Microcrystalline Silicon
Authors: Dylla T. , Finger F. , Carius R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractElectron spin resonance and conductivity measurements were used to study adsorption and oxidation effects on microcrystalline silicon with different structure compositions ranging from porous, highly crystalline to compact, mixed phase amorphous/crystalline. We found a correlation between active surface area and the magnitude of observed meta-stable and irreversible effects.
Comparative Effects of Preoperative Angiotensin-converting Enzyme In-hibitor, Statin and Beta-blocker Treatment on Human Internal Mammary Artery Reactivity in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dalaklioglu Selvinaz , Golbasi Ilhan , Ogutman Caglar 
Published: August 2013

Purpose:
We investigated the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)- inhibitor, statin, and beta-blocker usage before coronary bypass surgery (CABG) on vascular reactivity of the internal mammary artery (IMA).

Methods:
Patients, who underwent elective CABG were evaluated. Samples of IMA obtained from 22 patients were divided into 4 groups in respect of drugs used by patients before bypass surgery (control group, ACE inhibitor + statin group, ACE inhibitor + statin + beta-blocker group, and ACE inhibitor + beta-blocker group). The discarded, distal end section of IMA was carefully removed, and the vasoreactivity of IMA rings was evaluated in vitro using an organ chamber. Smooth muscle contractile function was tested on artery segments exposed to 10-80 mM KCl and norepinephrine. The endothelial function of IMA rings was assessed with acetylcholine (ACh) and bradykinin, while endothelium-independent vasorelaxation was evaluated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP).

Results:
Both ACh and bradykinin caused concentration-dependent relaxation in endothelium-intact IMA rings. However, the maximal effect produced by endothelium-dependent agents in all treatment groups was more prominent when compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in the endothelium-dependent relaxation response of IMA between ACE inhibitor + statin, ACE inhibitor + beta-blocker and ACE inhibitor + statin + beta-blocker groups. The vasodilatory potency of SNP was similar in all groups. Similarly, contractile response to KCl or norepinephrine was not significantly different between groups.

Conclusion:
Use of ACE inhibitors and statins before bypass surgery may influence IMA vasoreactivity by improving endothelial control of vascular tone.
Retention Loss of Resin Based Fissure Sealants - a Valid Predictor for Clinical Outcome?
Authors: Mickenautsch Steffen , Yengopal Veerasamy 
Published: August 2013

Purpose:The null-hypothesis that retention loss of resin fissure sealants predicts caries manifestation no more accurately than random values was tested.Methods:Systematic reviews were checked and electronic databases searched for clinical trials. Trials reporting on the retention of resin sealants and caries occurrence in permanent molar teeth, with minimum 24-month follow-up period, were included. Extracted data: number of sealed teeth, number of teeth without completely retained sealants, number of sealed teeth with caries. The number of teeth with complete sealant retention and absence of carious lesions/cavities was calculated; the predictive outcomes: true/false positive; false/true negative were established. Random values were generated as control-data. Diagnostic Odds ratios (DOR) were computed and tested for statistical difference. Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were plotted.Results:95 trials were found. Median DOR values were 1.21 and 0.28 for test- and control data, respectively. Wilcoxon test (z = 0.56; p = 0.58) and Sign test (z = 1.38; p = 0.17) results were statistically non-significant. The null-hypothesis was not rejected.Conclusions:Predictions based on the retention loss of resin sealants, regarding caries manifestation, was no more accurate than random guesses. Sealant retention loss appears not to be a valid predictor for clinical outcome.
Evaluation of mandibular volume using cone-beam computed tomography and correlation with cephalometric values
Authors: Katayama Koshu , Yamaguchi Tetsutaro , Sugiura Mami , Haga Shugo , Maki Koutaro 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate the association between maxillofacial morphology and mandibular bone volume in patients with skeletal malocclusion.

Materials and Methods:
Subjects were 118 adult Japanese (58 males and 60 females). Skeletal malocclusion was classified, based on cephalometric analysis, into skeletal Classes I (−1° ≤ ANB &lt; 4°), II (ANB ≥ 4°), and III (ANB &lt; −1°). Using cone-beam computed tomography and three-dimensional image analysis software, the dental crowns and mandible were separated, with only the mandible extracted. This was then reconstructed as a three-dimensional model, from which the mandibular volume was measured.

Results:
No significant difference in mandibular volume was noted among skeletal Classes I, II, and III, nor was there any significant correlation between mandibular volume and the ANB, SNB, or mandibular plane angles. There was occasional and limited correlation between mandible volume and gonial angle and certain cephalometric distance parameters.

Conclusion:
We conclude that proper understanding of the three-dimensional maxillofacial morphology requires not only cephalometric radiographic tracings but also high-resolution analysis of the mandibular area, width, and volume.
Esthetic comparison of white-spot lesion treatment modalities using spectrometry and fluorescence
Authors: Yuan He , Li Jiyao , Chen Liang , Cheng Lei , Cannon Richard D. , Mei Li 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To compare the esthetic improvements of white-spot lesions (WSLs) treated by fluoride, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), or resin infiltration.

Materials and Methods:
WSLs were created on human enamel and randomly assigned to four groups: NaF (500 ppm), CPP-ACP, resin infiltration (Icon), or distilled deionized water (DDW; control group). The color change (ΔE) of each specimen was measured with a Crystaleye spectrophotometer, and fluorescence loss (ΔQ) was measured by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), at different time points after treatment: baseline (0 weeks), 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks.

Results:
The ΔE and ΔQ baseline values for the four groups before the treatments did not differ significantly. Icon treatment improved the WSL color significantly and gave the lowest ΔE (2.9 ± 1.2 on average) compared with other treatments (P &lt; .01). The Icon treatment also resulted in a significant change in the ΔQ of WSLs compared with baseline (P &lt; .01). In the NaF and CPP-ACP treatment groups, ΔQ showed significant recovery compared with the baseline values only after 4 weeks after treatment (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions:
Resin infiltration is more effective than NaF or CPP-ACP in providing esthetic improvement of WSLs.
A qualitative analysis of orthodontic-related posts on Twitter
Authors: Rachel Henzell M. , Margaret Knight A. , Morgaine K. C. , S. Antoun J. , Farella M. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:To investigate the content of orthodontic-related Twitter posts in order to improve our understanding of orthodontic patients' perceptions and treatment experiences.Materials and Methods:Some 131 consecutive posts were collected from Twitter over a 5-day period. Twitter's advanced-search function was used to limit the sampling frame to New Zealand. The posts were qualitatively analyzed for themes using discourse analysis.Results:Four main themes were identified: (1) excitement about getting braces off, (2) problems with braces, (3) positive comments about braces, and (4) negative comments about braces. Various language tools and symbols were often used to convey different degrees of emotion. The present study explores these themes and discusses how they relate to modern-age orthodontics.Conclusion:This is the first study to qualitatively analyze orthodontic-related posts in the social media era. Our findings suggest that orthodontic patients use social media sites such as Twitter to convey positive and negative feelings about braces.