bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Look good when you’re googled: creating and optimizing your digital identity
Authors: Izenstark Amanda 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to describe techniques librarians can use to enhance their online presence, so that students, patrons, researchers and prospective employers can locate them easily. It is an extension of a presentation given at the Association of College and Research Libraries New England Chapter Annual Conference held in Worcester, MA on May 9, 2014.

Design/methodology/approach
– The presentation focused on a number of established and emerging tools to share professional contact information and professional output, such as Google, Google+, Twitter, LinkedIn, SlideShare and ImpactStory, among others.

Findings
– The audience of library faculty and staff from across the Northeastern USA examined the results that appeared when they searched for themselves in major search engines (Google, Bing and DuckDuckGo) and learned strategies and tools for optimizing the results that come up when others search for their contact information.

Practical implications
– Librarians who focus on enhancing their professional profiles online make it easier for constituents to get assistance with research questions, they can make their value and the institution’s value more visible, and facilitate the sharing of information in a field that looks to other institutions and individuals for inspiration for new programs and innovations.

Originality/value
– While many of these tools are used in the business world to build and cultivate networks and seek employment, even steadily employed librarians can use these tools to make their expertise available to researchers at their institutions and beyond.
Remarkable lives: Caitlin Jenkins in conversation with Jerome Carson
Authors: Jenkins Caitlin , Carson Jerome 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to offer a profile of Caitlin Jenkins.

Design/methodology/approach
– Caitlin gives a short biographical account and is then interviewed by Jerome. Areas covered in the interview include her interest in psychiatric diagnosis, the helpfulness of counselling and personal narrative.

Findings
– Caitlin believes that her recovery was only really possible when she was allowed to tell her own story, to be allowed the time and space to talk about events in her life. She mentions how psychodynamic therapy and CBT prevented her from truly exploring her personal story.

Research limitations/implications
– While this is of course one person's account, it will find resonance with many others.

Practical implications
– Reinforces the central role of narrative and its role in personal recovery.

Social implications
– It stresses the importance of a truly therapeutic relationship. As Caitlin states, this enabled her to begin, “joining the dots of my experience to construct a meaningful personal narrative”.

Originality/value
– Counselling is often undervalued in contrast to more established therapies. This account demonstrates that what really matters to individuals recovering from mental health problems, is being listened to and being helped to make sense of their experiences.
Transitions in later life: a review of the challenges and opportunities for policy development
Authors: Kerr Robertson Guy 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to outline an approach to understanding later life issues through the conceptual framework of “transitions”.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper draws on a wide ranging review of the literature, supported by two workshop sessions involving key stakeholders and experts in the field.

Findings
– An analysis of efficacy or otherwise of the support available for people undergoing some of the major transitions is undertaken and some of the key issues arising from this are presented.

Research limitations/implications
– The study derives its data largely from a review of published literature and therefore lacks the input from older people themselves.

Practical implications
– The analysis provides guidance to policy makers and others interested in the later life agenda with well-researched recommendations for change.

Social implications
– There are significant social implications in the recommendations and the opportunity for the experiences in later life to be framed in a transitions paradigm.

Originality/value
– This is a very original piece of work as no other review has presented the conceptual framework of transitions alongside a practical analysis of the value of current support arrangements across the major transitions.
The compadrePlant Matrix Database: an open online repository for plant demography
Authors: Salguero‐Gómez Roberto , Jones Owen R. , Archer C. Ruth , Buckley Yvonne M. , Che‐Castaldo Judy , Caswell Hal , Hodgson David , Scheuerlein Alexander , Conde Dalia A. , Brinks Erik , de Buhr Hendrik , Farack Claudia , Gottschalk Fränce , Hartmann Alexander , Henning Anne , Hoppe Gabriel , Römer Gesa , Runge Jens , Ruoff Tara , Wille Julia , Zeh Stefan , Davison Raziel , Vieregg Dirk , Baudisch Annette , Altwegg Res , Colchero Fernando , Dong Ming , de Kroon Hans , Lebreton Jean‐Dominique , Metcalf Charlotte J. E. , Neel Maile M. , Parker Ingrid M. , Takada Takenori , Valverde Teresa , Vélez‐Espino Luis A. , Wardle Glenda M. , Franco Miguel , Vaupel James W. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Schedules of survival, growth and reproduction are key life‐history traits. Data on how these traits vary among species and populations are fundamental to our understanding of the ecological conditions that have shaped plant evolution. Because these demographic schedules determine population growth or decline, such data help us understand how different biomes shape plant ecology, how plant populations and communities respond to global change and how to develop successful management tools for endangered or invasive species.

Matrix population models summarize the life cycle components of survival, growth and reproduction, while explicitly acknowledging heterogeneity among classes of individuals in the population. Matrix models have comparable structures, and their emergent measures of population dynamics, such as population growth rate or mean life expectancy, have direct biological interpretations, facilitating comparisons among populations and species.

Thousands of plant matrix population models have been parameterized from empirical data, but they are largely dispersed through peer‐reviewed and grey literature, and thus remain inaccessible for synthetic analysis. Here, we introduce the compadre Plant Matrix Database version 3.0, an open‐source online repository containing 468 studies from 598 species world‐wide (672 species hits, when accounting for species studied in more than one source), with a total of 5621 matrices. compadre also contains relevant ancillary information (e.g. ecoregion, growth form, taxonomy, phylogeny) that facilitates interpretation of the numerous demographic metrics that can be derived from the matrices.

Synthesis. Large collections of data allow broad questions to be addressed at the global scale, for example, in genetics (genbank), functional plant ecology (try, bien, d3) and grassland community ecology (nutnet). Here, we present compadre, a similarly data‐rich and ecologically relevant resource for plant demography. Open access to this information, its frequent updates and its integration with other online resources will allow researchers to address timely and important ecological and evolutionary questions.
Considering Technical and Allocative Efficiency in the Inverse Farm Size–Productivity Relationship
Authors: Henderson Heath 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the leading explanations for the oft‐observed inverse relationship (IR) between farm size and productivity in developing country agriculture, labour market imperfections have commonly occupied a central role. However, an emerging literature suggests that disparities in technical or allocative efficiency may be driving productivity differentials. Using nationally‐representative panel data from Nicaragua, we develop and employ a four‐stage empirical framework to simultaneously test the competing explanations for the IR. While efficiency differences exert a significant impact on all productivity indicators, their explanatory power is insufficient to rule out labour market imperfections as the driving force behind the relationship.
Information, Certification and Demand for Food Safety: Evidence from an In‐store Experiment in Mumbai
Authors: Birol Ekin , Karandikar Bhushana , Roy Devesh , Torero Maximo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIs demand for safe food in developing countries low because of limited ability to pay, or because of lack of consumer awareness and absence of credible certification? To answer this question we conducted a controlled market experiment in Mumbai, India, selling grapes with credible certification labels alongside unlabeled grapes while providing randomly selected consumers with information on salient features of food safety certification. We confirm that informed consumers are more likely to purchase labeled grapes, controlling for prior information and attitudes, and using two (intensive versus extensive) information treatments. Policies related to information/certification could be an important component of improving public health by mobilising latent demand for food safety and hence supply of safer food for the public.
Sensitivity of proposed clinical decision rules for subarachnoid haemorrhage: An external validation study
Authors: Kelly Anne‐Maree , Klim Sharon , Edward Simon , Millar Nicola 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectivesSubarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is an uncommon but important cause of sudden‐onset headache. Three clinical decision rules (CDRs) for investigation in sudden headache have been proposed, but concerns were raised about the generalisability of some variables. Our aim was to determine what proportion of patients with confirmed SAH has the identified high‐risk factors and the sensitivity of the proposed CDR in an Australasian cohort.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of alert and neurologically intact adult patients with confirmed SAH attending two community teaching hospitals between 2000 and 2011. The outcomes of interest were the proportion of patients with each high‐risk criterion (descriptive statistics) and sensitivity of each proposed CDR (%, interquartile range [IQR]).ResultsThere were 59 confirmed SAH that met the inclusion criteria. Sensitivity of proposed CDR 1 was 96.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 88.5–99.1%), sensitivity of proposed CDR 2 was 100% (95% CI 93.9–100%) and sensitivity of proposed CDR 3 was 89.8% (95% CI 79.5–95.3%). The addition of vomiting to the criteria in CDRs 1 and 3 increased the sensitivity of both these CDRs to 100%.ConclusionCDR 2, or the refinement of CDRs 1 and 3 with the inclusion of at least one episode of vomiting as a criterion, has very high sensitivity. Although unlikely to reduce CT scan rates for patients in whom there is a clinical suspicion of SAH, they might be useful in guiding which patients require further testing (e.g. lumbar puncture) after a negative CT scan.
Effects of Elaidic Acid, a Predominant Industrial Trans Fatty Acid, on Bacterial Growth and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity of Lactobacilli
Authors: Wu Qinglong , Shah Nagendra P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe consumption of trans fatty acids (TFAs) increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and coronary heart disease in human, and there are no effective ways to remove TFAs after consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of elaidic acid on bacterial growth, cell surface hydrophobicity of lactobacilli, and metabolism of elaidic acid by lactobacilli. Lactobacilli were inoculated in MRS broth containing 0, 100, 200, and 500 mg/L of elaidic acid. Viable cell counts of lactobacilli were enumerated, concentrations of elaidic acid were determined, and cell surface hydrophobicity of lactobacilli was measured. The results showed that the growth of lactobacilli was significantly inhibited by 500 mg/L of elaidic acid, however, a cell count of 8.50 log10 CFU/mL was still reached for tested lactobacilli after 24‐h incubation. In particular, a reduction of elaidic acid was found for tested lactobacilli after 24‐h incubation as compared to its initial concentration of 200 mg/L. However, cell surface hydrophobicity showed no correlations with the metabolism of elaidic acid by lactobacilli. Moreover, elaidic acid was able to influence cell surface hydrophobicity, and the decrease in hydrophobicity was more obvious in Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus casei compared with that in other tested lactobacilli. This study suggests that elaidic acid could change physiochemical surface properties of lactobacilli and the lactobacilli have the potential to reduce TFAs.
SNP discovery in nonmodel organisms: strand bias and base‐substitution errors reduce conversion rates
Authors: Gonçalves da Silva Anders , Barendse William , Kijas James W. , Barris Wes C. , McWilliam Sean , Bunch Rowan J. , McCullough Russell , Harrison Blair , Hoelzel A. Rus , England Phillip R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have become the marker of choice for genetic studies in organisms of conservation, commercial or biological interest. MostSNPdiscovery projects in nonmodel organisms apply a strategy for identifying putativeSNPs based on filtering rules that account for random sequencing errors. Here, we analyse data used to develop 4723 novelSNPs for the commercially important deep‐sea fish, orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus), to assess the impact of not accounting for systematic sequencing errors when filtering identified polymorphisms when discoveringSNPs. We usedSAMtools to identify polymorphisms in avelvetassembly of genomicDNAsequence data from seven individuals. The resulting set of polymorphisms were filtered to minimize ‘bycatch’—polymorphisms caused by sequencing or assembly error. An Illumina InfiniumSNPchip was used to genotype a final set of 7714 polymorphisms across 1734 individuals. Five predictors were examined for their effect on the probability of obtaining an assayableSNP: depth of coverage, number of reads that support a variant, polymorphism type (e.g. A/C), strand‐bias and IlluminaSNPprobe design score. Our results indicate that filtering out systematic sequencing errors could substantially improve the efficiency ofSNPdiscovery. We show thatBLASTXcan be used as an efficient tool to identify single‐copy genomic regions in the absence of a reference genome. The results have implications for research aiming to identify assayableSNPs and buildSNPgenotyping assays for nonmodel organisms.
A putative greigite‐type magnetosome gene cluster from the candidate phylumLatescibacteria
Authors: Lin Wei , Pan Yongxin 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe intracellular biomineralization of magnetite and/or greigite magnetosomes in magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) is strictly controlled by a group of conserved genes, termed magnetosome genes, which are organized as clusters (or islands) inMTBgenomes. So far, all reportedMTBare affiliated within theProteobacteriaphylum, theNitrospiraephylum and the candidate divisionOP3. Here, we report the discovery of a putative magnetosome gene cluster structure from the draft genome of an uncultivated bacterium belonging to the candidate phylumLatescibacteria(formerly candidate divisionWS3) recently recovered by Rinke and colleagues, which contains 10 genes with homology to magnetosomemamgenes of magnetotacticProteobacteriaandNitrospirae. Moreover, these genes are phylogenetically closely related to greigite‐type magnetosome genes that were only found from theDeltaproteobacteria MTBbefore, suggesting that the greigite genes may originate earlier than previously imagined. These findings indicate that some members ofLatescibacteriamay be capable of forming greigite magnetosomes, and thus may play previously unrecognized roles in environmental iron and sulfur cycles. The conserved genomic structure of magnetosome gene cluster inLatescibacteriaphylum supports the hypothesis of horizontal transfer of these genes among distantly related bacterial groups in nature.
Modulation of Sinorhizobium meliloti quorum sensing by Hfq‐mediated post‐transcriptional regulation of ExpR
Authors: Gao Mengsheng , Tang Ming , Guerich Lois , Salas‐Gonzalez Isai , Teplitski Max 
Published: November 2014

SummaryIn Sinorhizobium meliloti, the timing of quorum sensing (QS)‐dependent gene expression is controlled at multiple levels. RNA binding protein Hfq contributes to the regulation of QS signal production, and this regulation is exerted both in the manner that involves the acyl homoserine lactone receptor ExpR, and via expR‐independent mechanisms. In the expR+ strain of S. meliloti, deletion of hfq resulted in the hyper‐accumulation of QS signals at low population densities, increased diversity of the QS signals in mid‐to‐late exponential phase and then led to a sharp decrease in QS signal accumulation in stationary phase. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that the accumulation of expR and sinI (but not sinR) mRNA was increased in the late exponential phase in an hfq‐dependent manner. A translational, but not transcriptional, expR‐uidA reporter was controlled by hfq, while both transcriptional and translational sinI‐uidA reporters were regulated in the hfq‐dependent manner. In co‐immunoprecipation experiments, expR mRNA was bound to and then released from Hfq, similar to the positive controls (small regulatory RNA SmrC9, SmrC15, SmrC16 and SmrC45). Neither sinI nor sinR transcripts were detected in the pool of RNA heat‐released from Hfq‐RNA complexes. Therefore, post‐transcriptional regulator Hfq controls the production and perception of QS signals, and at higher population densities this control is mediated directly via interactions with expR.
Intra‐operative assessment of pulmonary artery pressure by transoesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Soliman D. , Bolliger D. , Skarvan K. , Kaufmann B. A. , Lurati Buse G. , Seeberger M. D. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe clinical value of the estimation of systolic pulmonary artery pressure, based on Doppler assessment of peak tricuspid regurgitant velocity using transoesophageal echocardiography, is unclear. We studied 109 patients to evaluate the feasibility of obtaining adequate Doppler recordings, and compared Doppler estimates with values measured using a pulmonary artery catheter in a subset of 33 patients. Tricuspid regurgitation was evaluated at the mid‐oesophageal level at 0–120° using Doppler echocardiography. A Doppler signal was defined as adequate if there was a ≤ 20° alignment and a full envelope. Doppler estimates of systolic pulmonary artery pressure within 10 mmHg and 15% of the value recorded with the pulmonary artery catheter were considered to be in sufficient agreement. Adequate Doppler signals were obtained in 64/109 (59%) patients before and 54/103 (52%) after surgery. Doppler estimates by transoesophageal echocardiography were within 10 mmHg and 15% of values recorded with the pulmonary artery catheter in 28/33 (75%) patients and 22/31 (55%) patients, respectively. In 7 (21%) patients, the echocardiographic Doppler measurement exceeded the measured systolic pulmonary artery pressure by more than 30%. Our study indicates that estimation of the systolic pulmonary artery pressure using transoesophageal Doppler echocardiography is not a reliable and clinically useful method in anaesthetised patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.
Transnasal Humidified Rapid‐Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE): a physiological method of increasing apnoea time in patients with difficult airways
Authors: Patel A. , Nouraei S. A. R. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryEmergency and difficult tracheal intubations are hazardous undertakings where successive laryngoscopy–hypoxaemia–re‐oxygenation cycles can escalate to airway loss and the ‘can't intubate, can't ventilate’ scenario. Between 2013 and 2014, we extended the apnoea times of 25 patients with difficult airways who were undergoing general anaesthesia for hypopharyngeal or laryngotracheal surgery. This was achieved through continuous delivery of transnasal high‐flow humidified oxygen, initially to provide pre‐oxygenation, and continuing as post‐oxygenation during intravenous induction of anaesthesia and neuromuscular blockade until a definitive airway was secured. Apnoea time commenced at administration of neuromuscular blockade and ended with commencement of jet ventilation, positive‐pressure ventilation or recommencement of spontaneous ventilation. During this time, upper airway patency was maintained with jaw‐thrust. Transnasal Humidified Rapid‐Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) was used in 15 males and 10 females. Mean (SD [range]) age at treatment was 49 (15 [25–81]) years. The median (IQR [range]) Mallampati grade was 3 (2–3 [2–4]) and direct laryngoscopy grade was 3 (3–3 [2–4]). There were 12 obese patients and nine patients were stridulous. The median (IQR [range]) apnoea time was 14 (9–19 [5–65]) min. No patient experienced arterial desaturation < 90%. Mean (SD [range]) post‐apnoea end‐tidal (and in four patients, arterial) carbon dioxide level was 7.8 (2.4 [4.9–15.3]) kPa. The rate of increase in end‐tidal carbon dioxide was 0.15 kPa.min−1. We conclude that THRIVE combines the benefits of ‘classical’ apnoeic oxygenation with continuous positive airway pressure and gaseous exchange through flow‐dependent deadspace flushing. It has the potential to transform the practice of anaesthesia by changing the nature of securing a definitive airway in emergency and difficult intubations from a pressured stop–start process to a smooth and unhurried undertaking.
Metformin promotes irisin release from murine skeletal muscle independently of AMP‐activated protein kinase activation
Authors: Li D.‐J. , Huang F. , Lu W.‐J. , Jiang G.‐J. , Deng Y.‐P. , Shen F.‐M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimIrisin, a novel myocyte‐secreted hormone mediating beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism, is supposed to be an ideal therapeutic target for metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Here, we investigated the potential effects of metformin and glibenclamide, two antidiabetic medicines, on irisin release in mouse.MethodsWild‐type and diabetic obese db/db mice were administrated with metformin and glibenclamide for 2 weeks, and cultured C2C12 myotubes were treated by metformin. Expression of irisin precursor FNDC5 was measured and blood irisin concentration was detected. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) was blocked by chemical inhibitor compound C or knocking down with specific siRNA.ResultsThe mRNA and protein expression of FNDC5 in skeletal muscle and blood irisin concentrations were lower in diabetic db/db mice than those in wild‐type mice. Metformin and glibenclamide decreased blood glucose in db/db mice. Metformin, but not glibenclamide, increased intramuscular FNDC5 mRNA/protein expression and blood irisin levels. Additionally, the reductions of blood glucose and body weight in metformin‐treated db/db mice were positively associated with blood irisin concentrations. In C2C12 myotubes, metformin upregulated intracellular FDNC5 mRNA/protein expression and promoted irisin release. Although metformin activated AMPK signalling in skeletal muscle cells, disrupting of AMPK signalling by chemical inhibitor or siRNA‐mediated knockdown did not abolish the promoting effect of metformin on irisin release.ConclusionMetformin promotes irisin release from murine skeletal muscle into blood, independently of AMPK pathway activation. Our results suggest that stimulation of irisin may be a novel molecular mechanism of metformin which is widely used for treatment of metabolic disorders.