bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of a biotechnological procedure for selective fractionation of bioactive inositols in edible legume extracts
Authors: Ruiz‐Aceituno Laura , Rodríguez‐Sánchez Sonia , Ruiz‐Matute Ana I , Ramos Lourdes , Soria Ana C , Sanz María L 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurrently, disorders such as diabetes mellitus, obesity or atherosclerosis are recognised as major global health problems. The use of inositols for treating these illnesses has attracted considerable attention and their extraction from natural sources presents added value as they are considered bioactive ingredients in the food industry. Legumes are natural and rich sources of inositols; however, the co‐existence of other low molecular weight carbohydrates (LMWCs) in their extracts, which interfere in their bioactivity, might constitute an important drawback, thereby making their removal essential.RESULTSLMWCs, including inositols, methyl‐inositols and glycosyl‐inositols of different legume extracts, were determined by GC‐MS; the presence of bornesitol (2.35 mg g−1) and lathyritol (0.27 mg g−1) were reported for the first time in grass peas. The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the selective removal of interfering carbohydrates was optimised. Incubation time (3–40 h) was highly dependent on the composition of the legume considered; inositol contents were generally stable along the treatment.CONCLUSIONRemoval of interfering LMWCs from inositol‐enriched extracts was successfully achieved using a clean and easily scalable fractionation methodology. This biotechnological procedure not only represents high interest for the production of bioactive food ingredients but for applications in other research areas. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and NMR studies of novel chromone‐2‐carboxamide derivatives
Authors: Gaspar Alexandra , Cagide Fernando , Quezada Elias , Reis Joana , Uriarte Eugenio , Borges Fernanda 
Published: February 2013

AbstractChromones are heterocyclic compounds of natural or synthetic origin that possess relevant pharmacological activities. Versatile functionalization of the chromone nucleus allows attaining of a chemical diversity suitable to perform structure–activity relationships in drug discovery and development programs. Accordingly, the synthesis and identification of novel chromone carboxamide derivatives with electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents in different positions of the exocyclic ring are reported in this work. Their complete structural characterization was performed using one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional resonance techniques. The data acquired are useful for a prompt analysis of related compounds that encompass our integrated medicinal chemistry sketch. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo diffusion‐weighted MRI using perfluorinated gases: ADC comparison between healthy and elastase‐treated rat lungs
Authors: Carrero‐González L. , Kaulisch T. , Stiller D. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeMRI with perfluorinated gases has been shown as an alternative to hyperpolarized gases to image both microstructure and gas diffusivity in the lung. The aim of this study was to measure diffusion restriction of C2F6 in rat lungs and to compare the different levels of restriction between healthy and emphysematous tissue.MethodsFor this purpose, two groups of rats—healthy and mono‐lobar elastase‐induced animals—were measured. While being ventilated with a mixture of C2F6 and oxygen four diffusion weighted 19F‐images where acquired for each animal and corresponding ADC‐maps were calculated.ResultsNo significant apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) differences were found between healthy lungs; however, the elastase treated lungs showed a significant increase in ADC.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that ADC measurements with C2F6 are sensitive to the microstructure of rat lungs showing that the diffusion of this gas is limited to different levels in healthy and in emphysematous tissue. Magn Reson Med 70:1761–1764, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative measurement of cancer metabolism using stimulated echo hyperpolarized carbon‐13 MRS
Authors: Swisher Christine Leon , Larson Peder E. Z. , Kruttwig Klaus , Kerr Adam B. , Hu Simon , Bok Robert A. , Goga Andrei , Pauly John M. , Nelson Sarah J. , Kurhanewicz John , Vigneron Daniel B. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeMagnetic resonance spectroscopy of hyperpolarized substrates allows for the observation of label exchange catalyzed by enzymes providing a powerful tool to investigate tissue metabolism and potentially kinetics in vivo. However, the accuracy of current methods to calculate kinetic parameters has been limited by T1 relaxation effects, extracellular signal contributions, and reduced precision at lower signal‐to‐noise ratio.Theory and MethodsTo address these challenges, we investigated a new modeling technique using metabolic activity decomposition‐stimulated echo acquisition mode. The metabolic activity decomposition‐stimulated echo acquisition mode technique separates exchanging from nonexchanging metabolites providing twice the information as conventional techniques.ResultsThis allowed for accurate measurements of rates of conversion and of multiple T1 values simultaneously using a single acquisition.ConclusionThe additional measurement of T1 values for the reaction metabolites provides further biological information about the cellular environment of the metabolites. The new technique was investigated through simulations and in vivo studies of transgenic mouse models of cancer demonstrating improved assessments of kinetic rate constants and new T1 relaxation value measurements for hyperpolarized 13C‐pyruvate, 13C‐lactate, and 13C‐alanine. Magn Reson Med 71:1–11, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐navigated tissue phase mapping using a golden‐angle spiral acquisition—proof of concept in patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Steeden Jennifer A. , Knight Daniel S. , Bali Shreya , Atkinson David , Taylor Andrew M. , Muthurangu Vivek 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo create a high temporal‐ and spatial‐resolution retrospectively cardiac‐gated, tissue phase mapping (TPM) sequence, using an image‐based respiratory navigator calculated from the data itself.MethodsThe sequence was based on a golden‐angle spiral acquisition. Reconstruction of real‐time images allowed creation of an image‐based navigator. The expiratory spiral interleaves were then retrospectively cardiac‐gated using data binning. TPM data were acquired in 20 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with pulmonary hypertension. Longitudinal and radial myocardial velocities were calculated in the left ventricle and right ventricle.ResultsThe image‐based navigator was shown to correlate well with simultaneously acquired airflow data in 10 volunteers(r=0.93±0.04). The TPM navigated images had a significantly higher subjective image quality and edge sharpness (P<0.0001) than averaged spiral TPM. No significant differences in myocardial velocities were seen between conventional Cartesian TPM with navigator respiratory‐gating and the proposed self‐navigated TPM technique, in 10 volunteers. Significant differences in the velocities were seen between the volunteers and patients in the left ventricle at systole and end diastole and in the right ventricle at end diastole.ConclusionThe feasibility of measuring myocardial motion using a golden‐angle spiral TPM sequence was demonstrated, with an image‐based respiratory navigator calculated from the TPM data itself. Magn Reson Med 71:145–155, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fat quantification using multiecho sequences with bipolar gradients: Investigation of accuracy and noise performance
Authors: Peterson Pernilla , Månsson Sven 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo investigate the accuracy and noise performance of fat quantification with multiple gradient‐echo images acquired using bipolar read‐out gradients and compare them with those of the well‐established unipolar technique.TheoryThe bipolar read‐out technique induces phase and amplitude errors caused by gradient delays, eddy currents, and frequency‐dependent coil sensitivity. In this study, these errors were corrected for jointly with the fat/water separation by modeling the impact of these effects on the signal. This approach did not require acquisition of reference data or modification of the pulse sequence.MethodsSimulations and a phantom experiment were used to investigate the accuracy and noise performance of the technique and compare them with those of a well‐established technique using unipolar read‐out gradients. Also, the in vivo feasibility was demonstrated for abdominal applications.ResultsThe phantom experiment demonstrated similar accuracy of the bipolar and unipolar fat quantification techniques. In addition, the noise performance was shown not to be affected by the added estimations of the phase and amplitude errors for most inter‐echo times.ConclusionThe bipolar technique was found to provide accurate fat quantification with noise performance similar to the unipolar technique given an appropriate choice of inter‐echo time. Magn Reson Med 71:219–229, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid measurement of arterial input function in mouse tail from projection phases
Authors: Moroz Jennifer , Wong Clayton L. , Yung Andrew C. , Kozlowski Piotr , Reinsberg Stefan A. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo measure the arterial input function (AIF) in a mouse tail at high temporal resolution with signal phase of MR projections.MethodsThe technique involves the acquisition of one 2D image before injection, followed by a series of projections before, during, and after contrast injection. Differences in the signal phase, relative to the mean preinjection phase, were calculated and converted into a concentration of Gd.ResultsAn AIF with a temporal resolution of 100 ms was measured and verified with colorimetry (in a flow phantom) and mass spectrometry analysis (in vivo). The projection‐based AIF is expected to better represent the rapid contrast kinetics in the blood following injection, thus improving the accuracy of quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced‐MRI analysis. Colorimetry experiments confirmed that signal phase is preferred over magnitude for a precise determination of an AIF. In‐vivo experiments demonstrate the feasibility of our approach in mice.ConclusionAIFs can be measured quickly and precisely using phase from projections. Phase data are sensitive to the flow velocity; but this sensitivity is significantly reduced when flow compensation was used. Magn Reson Med 71:238–245, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collagen Composition and Content‐Dependent Contrast in Porcine Annulus Fibrosus Achieved by Using Double Quantum and Magnetization Transfer Filtered UTE MRI
Authors: Eliav Uzi , Komlosh Michal E. , Basser Peter J. , Navon Gil 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo test the potential of combining double quantum and magnetization transfer filtered ultra‐short echo time (DQF‐MT‐UTE) MRI to obtain information about the macromolecular composition and characteristics of connective tissues.MethodsA DQF‐MT‐UTE pulse sequence was implemented on a 14.1 T AVANCE III Bruker spectrometer equipped with a Bruker micro2.5‐imaging gradient system to obtain images of porcine annulus fibrosus.ResultsThe DQF‐MT‐UTE MRI of the annulus fibrosus of porcine intervertebral disc, where the creation time of the double quantum coherence filtering (DQF) was on a time scale appropriate for excitation of macromolecules, showed stronger signal from the outer layers of the disc than from the inner layers closer to the nucleus pulposus. Similarly, spectroscopic studies showed the same trend in the efficiency of the magnetization transfer (MT) from collagen to water.ConclusionDQF‐MT filtered UTE MRI of the annulus fibrosus provides new contrast parameters that depend on the concentration of the collagen and on the rate and efficiency of MT of its protons to water. The latter parameters appear to be different for collagen types I and II in the annulus fibrosus. Magn Reson Med 71:388–393, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal Tissue Damage Model Analyzed for Different Whole‐Body SAR and Scan Durations for Standard MR Body Coils
Authors: Murbach Manuel , Neufeld Esra , Capstick Myles , Kainz Wolfgang , Brunner David O. , Samaras Theodoros , Pruessmann Klaas P. , Kuster Niels 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThis article investigates the safety of radiofrequency induced local thermal hotspots within a 1.5T body coil by assessing the transient local peak temperatures as a function of exposure level and local thermoregulation in four anatomical human models in different Z‐positions.MethodsTo quantize the effective thermal stress of the tissues, the thermal dose model cumulative equivalent minutes at 43°C was employed, allowing the prediction of thermal tissue damage risk and the identification of potentially hazardous MR scan‐scenarios. The numerical results were validated by B1+− and skin temperature measurements.ResultsAt continuous 4 W/kg whole‐body exposure, peak tissue temperatures of up to 42.8°C were computed for the thermoregulated model (60°C in nonregulated case). When applying cumulative equivalent minutes at 43°C damage thresholds of 15 min (muscle, skin, fat, and bone) and 2 min (other), possible tissue damage cannot be excluded after 25 min for the thermoregulated model (4 min in nonregulated).ConclusionThe results are found to be consistent with the history of safe use in MR scanning, but not with current safety guidelines. For future safety concepts, we suggest to use thermal dose models instead of temperatures or SAR. Special safety concerns for patients with impaired thermoregulation (e.g., the elderly, diabetics) should be addressed. Magn Reson Med 71:421–431, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From solid to granular gases: the steady state for granular materials
Authors: Vescovi D. , di Prisco C. , Berzi D. 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYThis paper aims at extending the well‐known critical state concept, associated with quasi‐static conditions, by accounting for the role played by the strain rate when focusing on the steady, simple shear flow of a dry assembly of identical, inelastic, soft spheres. An additional state variable for the system, the granular temperature, is accounted for. The granular temperature is related to the particle velocity fluctuations and measures the agitation of the system. This state variable, as is in the context of kinetic theories of granular gases, is assumed to govern the response of the material at large strain rates and low concentrations. The stresses of the system are associated with enduring, frictional contacts among particles involved in force chains and nearly instantaneous collisions. When the first mechanism prevails, the material behaves like a solid, and constitutive models of soil mechanics hold, whereas when inelastic collisions dominate, the material flows like a granular gas, and kinetic theories apply. Considering a pressure‐imposed flow, at large values of the normal stress and small values of the shear rate, the theory predicts a nonmonotonic shear rate dependence of the stress ratio at the steady state, which is likely to govern the evolution of landslides. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second‐order work analysis for granular materials using a multiscale approach
Authors: Nicot François , Hadda Nejib , Darve Félix 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYIt has been established that the second‐order work criterion is a general necessary condition for all instabilities by divergence in rate‐independent granular materials. The relation between the values of discrete second‐order work at the intergranular contact point level and its global macroscopic value is recalled at the beginning of this paper. Then, the basic purpose of the paper is tackled by an analysis of the main features of second‐order work criterion in relation with the granular microstructure. For that, it is considered a novel micromechanical model (the so‐called ‘H‐microdirectional model’), which has the property to involve three scales: grain scale, mesoscale with a specific granular configuration and continuum mechanics macroscale. Eventually, these exhibited features (a bifurcation stress domain and some instability cones) are qualitatively compared with the ones provided by direct numerical simulations issued from a discrete element model. The ultimate goal is to analyse what happens at the granular scale, when the macrosecond‐order work is vanishing at the macrolevel. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonintrusive reduced‐order modeling of parametrized time‐dependent partial differential equations
Authors: Audouze Christophe , De Vuyst Florian , Nair Prasanth B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe propose a nonintrusive reduced‐order modeling method based on the notion of space‐time‐parameter proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for approximating the solution of nonlinear parametrized time‐dependent partial differential equations. A two‐level POD method is introduced for constructing spatial and temporal basis functions with special properties such that the reduced‐order model satisfies the boundary and initial conditions by construction. A radial basis function approximation method is used to estimate the undetermined coefficients in the reduced‐order model without resorting to Galerkin projection. This nonintrusive approach enables the application of our approach to general problems with complicated nonlinearity terms. Numerical studies are presented for the parametrized Burgers' equation and a parametrized convection‐reaction‐diffusion problem. We demonstrate that our approach leads to reduced‐order models that accurately capture the behavior of the field variables as a function of the spatial coordinates, the parameter vector and time. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
To pay or not to pay — the role of monetary incentives in an optimal blood donation service bundle
Authors: Mews Marius 
Published: February 2013

This study derives four attributes that make up the typical blood donation service bundle. It focuses on the role of monetary incentives in such bundles, but also discusses three other attributes, namely the offering organization, the distance to donation location, and the donation time. Each attribute is discussed in the context of a blood donation marketing mix. In an empirical conjoint study, 529 potential blood donors evaluate different designs of blood donation service bundles. Monetary incentives are found to be the most important factor when donors compare different blood donation service bundles. It is found that the distance to the donation location is almost as important as monetary incentives. Blood donation organizations aiming to collect all blood donations from unremunerated blood donors should therefore shape their service bundles to be attractive for potential blood donors. It is concluded that nonpaying blood donation organizations have to offer superior convenience to their donors to be able to compensate for not offering monetary incentives. Operating with mobile donation teams is one of the concrete suggestions for blood donation marketing that are given in this study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cats differ from other species in their cytokine and antioxidant enzyme response when developing obesity
Authors: Hoenig Margarethe , Pach Nicole , Thomaseth Karl , Le Anh , Schaeffer David , Ferguson Duncan C. 
Published: February 2013

Objectives: Obese cats show many similarities to obese people, including insulin resistance and an increased diabetes risk. However, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease are not seen in cats. In people, they are associated with the development of an inflammatory response, which, we hypothesized, does not occur in cats.Design and Methods: Twenty neutered cats of equal gender distribution were allowed to gain weight by offering food ad libitum and were examined before and at 10, 30, 60, and 100% weight gain. All cats reached 60% of weight gain, 12 cats gained 100 % in 12 months.Results: Fat was equally distributed between subcutaneous and visceral depots. Insulin‐independent glucose uptake increased and insulin sensitivity decreased with increasing adiposity. However, baseline glucose concentrations were unchanged suggesting a decrease in EGP. Inflammatory cytokines (Il‐1, IL‐6, TNFa) and catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase did not change. Insulin, proinsulin, and leptin were positively and adiponectin negatively correlated with adiposity. Heat production increased with obesity, but became less when body weight gain was > 60 %.Conclusions: This indicates that metabolism adapts more appropriately to the higher intake of calories in the initial phase of obesity but slows at higher body fat content. This likely contributes to the difficulty to lose weight.
Differential associations of abdominal visceral, subcutaneous adipose tissue with cardiometabolic risk factors between African and European Americans
Authors: Liu Jiankang , Coady Sean , Carr J. Jeffery , Hoffmann Udo , Taylor Herman A. , Fox Caroline S. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the relative association of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) with cardiometabolic risk factors between African and European Americans.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 2,035 African Americans from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) and 3,170 European Americans from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) who underwent computed tomography assessment of VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was conducted. The FHS participants were weighted to match the age distribution of the JHS participants, and the metabolic risk factors were examined by study groups in relation to VAT.ResultsJHS participants had higher rates of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome than FHS participants (all P = 0.001). The associations were weaker in JHS women for VAT with blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL‐C, and total cholesterol (Pinteraction = 0.03‐0.001) than FHS women. In contrast, JHS men had stronger associations for VAT with high triglycerides, low HDL, and metabolic syndrome (all Pinteraction = 0.001) compared to FHS men. Similar associations and gender patterns existed for SAT with most metabolic risk factors.ConclusionsThe relative association between VAT and cardiometabolic risk factors is weaker in JHS women compared to FHS women, whereas stronger associations with triglycerides and HDL were observed in JHS men.