bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Two‐Phase System Patterning of Microbubbles: Localized Induction of Apoptosis in Sonoporated Cells
Authors: Frampton John P. , Fan Zhenzhen , Simon Arlyne , Chen Di , Deng Cheri X. , Takayama Shuichi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUltrasound‐driven microbubbles produce mechanical forces that can disrupt cell membranes (sonoporation). However, it is difficult to control microbubble location with respect to cells. This lack of control leads to low sonoporation efficiencies and variable outcomes. In this study, aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) droplets are used to localize microbubbles in select micro‐regions at the surface of living cells. This is achieved by stably partitioning microbubbles in dextran (DEX) droplets, deposited on living adherent cells in medium containing polyethylene glycol (PEG). The interfacial energy at the PEG‐DEX interface overcomes microbubble buoyancy and prevents microbubbles from floating away from the cells. Spreading of the small DEX droplets retains microbubbles at the cell surface in defined lateral positions without the need for antibody or cell‐binding ligand conjugation. The patterned microbubbles are activated on a cell monolayer exposed to a broadly applied ultrasound field (center frequency 1.25 MHz, active element diameter 0.6 cm, pulse duration 8 μs or 30 s). This system enables efficient testing of different ultrasound conditions for their effects on sonoporation‐mediated membrane disruption and cell viability. Regions of cells without patterned microbubbles show no injury or membrane disruption. In microbubble patterned regions, 8 μs ultrasound pulses (0.2‐0.6 MPa) produce cell death that is primarily apoptotic. Ultrasound‐induced apoptosis increases with higher extracellular calcium concentrations, with cells displaying all of the hallmarks of apoptosis including annexinV labeling, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase activation and changes in nuclear morphology.
Markers of upper airway inflammation associated with microbial exposure and symptoms in occupants of a water‐damaged building
Authors: Akpinar‐Elci Muge , White Sandra K. , Siegel Paul D. , Park Ju‐Hyeong , Visotcky Alexis , Kreiss Kathleen , Cox‐Ganser Jean M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundWater damage in buildings has been associated with reports of upper airway inflammation among occupants.MethodsThis survey included a questionnaire, allergen skin testing, nasal nitric oxide, and nasal lavage on 153 participants. We conducted exposure assessments of 297 workstations and analyzed collected dust for fungi, endotoxin, and (1 → 3)‐β‐D‐glucan to create floor‐specific averages.ResultsMales had higher levels of nasal inflammatory markers, and females reported more symptoms. ECP, IL‐8, and MPO were significantly associated with nasal symptoms, flu‐like achiness, or chills. Fungi and glucan were positively associated with blowing out thick mucus. Endotoxin was significantly associated with ECP in overall models, and with ECP, IL‐8, MPO, and neutrophils among non‐atopic females.ConclusionsIn this study, we documented an association between endotoxin and nasal inflammatory markers among office workers. The results of our study suggest that a non‐allergic response may contribute to symptoms occurring among occupants in this water‐damaged building. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:522–530, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of activated crumb rubber on the properties of crumb rubber‐modified bitumen
Authors: Singh B. , Kumar Lokesh , Gupta M. , Chauhan Monika , Chauhan G.S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBitumen modification was made with the activated crumb rubber concentrate and its efficacy was examined in terms of its consistency and rheological properties. It was found that softening point of the activated crumb rubber‐modified bitumen increased while its penetration and elastic recovery decreased compared with the nonactivated crumb rubber system. Based on contact angle results, the activated crumb rubber–bitumen system was found to be more wettable and exhibited better adhesion to the substrate than those of other systems. The shifting of glass transition temperature towards higher temperature and the occurrence of inter‐mix phases in the activated crumb rubber–bitumen system supported its superior temperature resistance. The difference in viscosity obtained between the activated and nonactivated crumb rubber systems is attributed to the high swelling of activated crumb rubber and its soluble fractions in the bitumen as viewed in scanning electron images. High complex modulus and low phase angle of the activated crumb rubber system over the entire range of temperatures indicated its reduced temperature susceptibility and more elasticity. The activated crumb rubber–bitumen system meets the requirements of commercial standard specification. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Conducting polymer coated textile based multilayered shields for suppression of microwave radiations in 8.2–12.4 GHz range
Authors: Saini Parveen , Choudhary Veena 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPolypyrrole (PPY) based conducting textiles were prepared by in situ polymerization of pyrrole over cotton fabric. The SEM micrographs show smooth and uniform coating of PPY over fabric with only few loose dendrites. The elemental analysis and XRD patterns revealed the presence of iron whereas magnetization measurement shows ferromagnetic signature with well defined hysteresis loop and saturation magnetization (Ms) of 0.3 emu/g. The good antistatic property and rapid static charge dissipability was reflected by decay profile with decay time of only 0.16 sec. In addition, the microwave absorption studies of multilayered shields; made up of these conducting fabrics; show absorption dominated total shielding effectiveness (SET) value of −43.9 dB (i.e. >99.99% attenuation) which can be attributed to the better impedance matching, high microwave conductivity, shallow skin depth, and multiple scattering of incident electromagnetic radiation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Plastisol gelation and fusion rheological aspects
Authors: Verdu Jacques , Zoller Agnes , Marcilla Antonio 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study deals with the rheological aspects of poly‐vinyl chloride (PVC) plastisol gelation and fusion processes in foamable formulations. Here, such processes are simulated by temperature‐programmed experiment (5 K min−1) in which complex viscosity components are continuously recorded. Nineteen samples based on a PVC‐VAC (vinyl acetate 95/5) copolymer with 100 phr plasticizer have been studied, differing only by the plasticizer structure. The sample shear modulus increases continuously with temperature until a maximum, long time after the end of the dissolution process as characterized by DSC. The temperature at the maximum varies between 345 and 428 K with a clear tendency to increase almost linearly with the plasticizer molar mass, and to vary with the flexibility and the degree of branching of the plasticizer molecule. The shear modulus increase is interpreted in terms of progressive “welding” of swelled particles by polymer chain reptation. The plasticizer nature would mainly affect the friction parameter of chain diffusion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Adsorption removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution using a metal‐organic frameworks material, copper coordination polymer with dithiooxamide
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Zheng Lingyan , Huang Lianzhu , Zheng Ou , Lin Zhenyu , Guo Longhua , Qiu Bin , Chen Guonan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe potential application of copper coordination polymer with dithiooxamide (H2dtoaCu), one of the metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) in the adsorption removal of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution was studied. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of initial pH, adsorbent concentration, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature. The adsorption of CV on H2dtoaCu can be best described by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.9983) with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 165.83, 185.87, and 204.50 mg g−1 at 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively. The kinetics of CV adsorption followed pseudo‐second‐order model (R2 > 0.9984) and the chemisorption was proved to be rate‐limiting step. Thermodynamic parameters, the change of free energy (ΔG°), entropy (ΔS°) and enthalpy (ΔH°), showed that the adsorption of CV on H2dtoaCu was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic process. Here we concluded that H2dtoaCu is a promising adsorbent for the removal of harmful dyes from aqueous solution. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
A phthalate family oxygenase reductase supports terpene alcohol oxidation by CYP238A1 from Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Bell Stephen Graham , French Laura , Rees Nicholas Huw , Cheng Sophia Shuyi , Preston Gail , Wong Luet‐Lok 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCYP238A1, one of the two P450 enzymes in the genome of Pseudomonas putida KT2440, has been produced heterologously in Escherichia coli, purified, and found to bind acyclic and cyclic terpene alcohols such as farnesol, nerolidol, linalool, and terpineol. The other P450 enzyme in this organism (gene locus: PP1950) was also produced in E. coli but no substrate has been identified from a limited screen. A phthalate family oxygenase reductase (PFOR) encoded by the PP1957 gene, just downstream of the PP1955 gene for CYP238A1, accepts electrons from the reduced form of both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and is able to support monooxygenase activity of CYP238A1, both in vitro and in E. coli, in which both enzymes are produced. CYP238A1 oxidizes cis‐ and trans‐nerolidol to the 9‐hydroxy product, with no evidence of attack at the olefinic double bonds. The NADH turnover rate of 170 nmol(nmol‐P450)−1 Min−1 for CYP238A1 with cis‐nerolidol as substrate at a PP1957:CYP238A1 concentration ratio of 8:1 suggests that this PFOR could function as the physiological redox partner for CYP238A1. The physiological role of CYP238A1 may be related to the PP1955 gene being part of an island/cluster of inducible genes associated with energy metabolism and response to xenobiotics.
Wastewater Minimization in Pulp and Paper Industries through Energy‐Efficient Reverse‐Osmosis Membrane Processes
Authors: Saif Y. , Almansoori A. , Elkamel A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFresh water consumption and wastewater management is a mandatory task to conserve water resources and to reduce wastewater discharge from chemical production processes. Such objectives have been addressed in many industrial sectors which consume large amounts of fresh water. Possibilities for reducing wastewater volumes by regeneration and recycling routes in the pulp and paper industry are analyzed. During pulp preparation and paper making processes by the Kraft pulping method a large amount of water is required to deliver the finished paper product. Reverse osmosis (RO) is applied for the analyses as an interception separation technology to reduce salt concentrations in wastewater streams for recycling purposes. The RO network synthesis problem is formulated as mixed integer nonlinear programming model which is solved using the general algebraic modeling system. A preliminary cost estimate indicates economic incentives by installation of RO units to avoid wastewater discharge and generate relatively clean water streams for inter‐plant usage.
Simulation of the Effective Energies and Stresses in a Bulk Cargo Silo
Authors: Ripp M. , Ripperger S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEmptying a bulk cargo silo produces dynamic processes which cannot completely be illustrated with the help of continuum mechanical calculations. The discrete elements method (DEM) can be applied to simulate the forces which act on inserts in silos during filling and discharging. For this simulation it is essential to calibrate the DEM. A new method for calibration of the simulation parameters is developed. The simulation correlates well with the experiments in a silo.
Thin‐Film Catalytic Coating of a Microreactor for Preferential CO Oxidation over Pt Catalysts
Authors: Ates Ayten , Pfeifer Peter , Görke Oliver 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDifferent Pt‐based catalyst layers have been prepared and tested in a stacked foil microreactor for CO oxidation and preferential oxidation of CO in presence of hydrogen. The reactions were performed on Pt without support by impregnation of a pre‐oxidized microstructured metal plate, Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/CeO2 based on sol methods as well as Pt/nano‐Al2O3, a combined method of sol‐gel and nanoparticle slurry coating. The ceria based sol‐gel catalyst was much more active for CO oxidation than alumina based sol‐gel catalysts at low temperature. However, total oxidation was only obtained at higher temperature on the alumina based catalysts. The combined method seems to have advantages in terms of less internal mass transfer limitation when trying to increase the catalyst coating thickness based on sol‐gel approaches due to no reduction of CO selectivity up to 300 °C reaction temperature. Experiments on CO oxidation with the Pt/CeO2 catalyst have been conducted in an oxygen supply microreactor to evaluate the catalyst performance under sequential oxygen supply to reaction zone (CO excess).
Potential and Limitations of Natural Chabazite for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3
Authors: Günter Tobias , Casapu Maria , Doronkin Dmitry , Mangold Stefan , Trouillet Vanessa , Augenstein Timo , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe potential of the natural chabazite for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 is evaluated in the present work. Activity tests were performed under technically relevant reaction and temperature conditions for the fresh and hydrothermally aged catalysts. The natural chabazite before and after alkaline removal as well as after iron and copper addition were compared. The structural as well as surface and bulk properties were elucidated by a variety of complementary characterization techniques, i.e. XRD, XPS, EPR, BET, NH3‐TPD, ex situ and in situ XAS. The results indicate that an important facet for using the natural chabazite for the standard and fast SCR reactions is the removal of alkaline metals, which at the same time also leads to a partial change of the structure and the size of the iron‐containing particles. The performance and especially the hydrothermal stability can be further improved by copper addition.
To what extent does nonanalytic reasoning contribute to visual learning in cytopathology?
Authors: Evered Andrew , Walker Darren , Watt Andrew A. , Perham Nick 
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUNDAcquisition of visual interpretation skills in cytopathology may involve 2 strategies. Analytic strategies require trainees to base their interpretive decisions on carefully considered and often exhaustive cytomorphologic feature lists, a process that can be time‐consuming and inefficient. In contrast, nonanalytic pattern recognition strategies are rarely encouraged during training, even though this approach is characteristic of expert diagnostic behavior. This study evaluated the potential role of nonanalytic learning in cytopathology as an efficient alternative to analytic training.METHODSForty‐nine cytology novice participants undertook an initial image interpretation test to obtain baseline diagnostic accuracy (test 1). Twenty‐four participants subsequently received training in basic cervical cytomorphology and were given a list of cell features for future reference (the “analytic” group). The remaining 25 participants were simply shown 20 nonannotated paired images of normal and abnormal cervical cells (the “nonanalytic” group). Following a practice phase, both groups were retested (test 2). Prior to a final test (test 3), participants in both groups were instructed to adopt a combined analytic/nonanalytic diagnostic strategy. Diagnostic accuracy and response times were measured in each test.RESULTSDiagnostic accuracy in both groups improved significantly between tests 1 and 2 (P<.001) but decreased between tests 2 and 3 (P<.05). Speed of response to test images was generally faster under nonanalytic than under analytic conditions.CONCLUSIONSNonanalytic reasoning in cytopathology image interpretation can be as accurate as traditional feature‐based reasoning. Encouraging trainees to adopt pattern recognition strategies may help to expedite the acquisition of visual interpretation skills in cytopathology training programs, yet combining analytic and nonanalytic reasoning do not appear to be effective. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:329–38. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Odor‐induced crawling locomotion in the newborn rat: Effects of amniotic fluid and milk
Authors: Mendez‐Gallardo Valerie , Robinson Scott R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEarly locomotion in the neonatal rat previously has been reported 3 days after birth during exposure to an odor of biological relevance (nest material). The current study explores if other ecologically relevant stimuli—amniotic fluid (AF) and milk—could evoke a similar locomotor response in the newborn rat and whether the endogenous opioid system mediates the response. Newborn rats tested 24 hr after birth were presented with the odors of AF or milk while placed in a runway. Pups expressed crawling and moved along the runway in response to direct exposure to the odors of AF and milk (Exp. 1). However, there was no evidence that this crawling response was altered after pretreatment with the opioid antagonist naloxone (Exp. 2). This study provides evidence of the capacity of AF and milk to evoke coordinated motor behavior, suggesting that they may play a role in the development of fundamental motor patterns. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 327–339, 2014.
The influence of demography and local mating environment on sex ratios in a wind‐pollinated dioecious plant
Authors: Pickup Melinda , Barrett Spencer C. H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNegative frequency‐dependent selection should result in equal sex ratios in large populations of dioecious flowering plants, but deviations from equality are commonly reported. A variety of ecological and genetic factors can explain biased sex ratios, although the mechanisms involved are not well understood. Most dioecious species are long‐lived and/or clonal complicating efforts to identify stages during the life cycle when biases develop. We investigated the demographic correlates of sex‐ratio variation in two chromosome races of Rumex hastatulus, an annual, wind‐pollinated colonizer of open habitats from the southern USA. We examined sex ratios in 46 populations and evaluated the hypothesis that the proximity of males in the local mating environment, through its influence on gametophytic selection, is the primary cause of female‐biased sex ratios. Female‐biased sex ratios characterized most populations of R. hastatulus (mean sex ratio = 0.62), with significant female bias in 89% of populations. Large, high‐density populations had the highest proportion of females, whereas smaller, low‐density populations had sex ratios closer to equality. Progeny sex ratios were more female biased when males were in closer proximity to females, a result consistent with the gametophytic selection hypothesis. Our results suggest that interactions between demographic and genetic factors are probably the main cause of female‐biased sex ratios in R. hastatulus. The annual life cycle of this species may limit the scope for selection against males and may account for the weaker degree of bias in comparison with perennial Rumex species.
Sea star populations diverge by positive selection at a sperm‐egg compatibility locus
Authors: Sunday Jennifer M. , Hart Michael W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFertilization proteins of marine broadcast spawning species often show signals of positive selection. Among geographically isolated populations, positive selection within populations can lead to differences between them, and may result in reproductive isolation upon secondary contact. Here, we test for positive selection in the reproductive compatibility locus, bindin, in two populations of a sea star on either side of a phylogeographic break. We find evidence for positive selection at codon sites in both populations, which are under neutral or purifying selection in the reciprocal population. The signal of positive selection is stronger and more robust in the population where effective population size is larger and bindin diversity is greater. In addition, we find high variation in coding sequence length caused by large indels at two repetitive domains within the gene, with greater length diversity in the larger population. These findings provide evidence of population‐divergent positive selection in a fertilization compatibility locus, and suggest that sexual selection can lead to reproductive divergence between conspecific marine populations.
Monitoring stream barb performance in a semi‐alluvial meandering channel: flow field dynamics and morphology
Authors: Jamieson Elizabeth C. , Ruta Matthew A. , Rennie Colin D. , Townsend Ronald D. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTA series of seven stream barbs were installed in two consecutive channel bends of Sawmill Creek (Ottawa, Canada), a semi‐alluvial stream with bed and banks composed of consolidated clay. Stream barbs (also known as submerged groynes) are low‐profile linear rock structures that project out from the bank (in an upstream direction) to redirect flow and prevent erosion of the bank. As well as providing bank protection, barbs promote vegetated stream banks, create scour hole resting pools for fish habitat and can increase aquatic species diversity. Flow conditions (discharge and water levels), water velocity distribution using acoustic Doppler velocimeters and an acoustic Doppler current profiler, and bathymetry using a Total Station have been measured over a period of 5 years, both before (2 years) and after (2 years) the construction of the barbs, providing valuable data for understanding stream barb performance in a semi‐alluvial channel. Pre‐barb velocity measurements indicate that the flow field in the first bend is dominated by strong secondary circulation and high cross‐stream bed stresses that comprise a substantial proportion of the total near‐bed Reynolds stress. Post‐barb results indicate that velocity magnitude along the outer bank was reduced. Scour occurred in the channel centre near barb tips, but in general, little to no bathymetry changes were measured between seasonal surveys, suggesting that the barbs had limited impact on bed topography and/or that semi‐alluvial channel bends are resistant to change. Recommendations for future design and implementation of stream barbs are also included. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of C2‐Symmetric Dimeric ReI Peptide Complexes
Authors: Herrick Richard S. , Ziegler Christopher J. , Kennedy Kathryn L. , Luu Calvin , Engle James T. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe reaction of [Re(CO)3(H2O)3]Br or [Re(CO)5Cl] with two peptides, glycylglycine, or glycylalanine were investigated. Each reaction produced a unique, well‐defined product. Structural elucidation showed the formation of chiral compounds with the formula [Re(CO)3(Gly‐Xxx‐O)]2, Xxx = Gly (1), Ala (2). Each dimer displays C2 symmetry and a nearly rectangular shape. The ligands are bound through the amine and amide carbonyl at a rhenium center and through the pendant carboxylate to the adjacent rhenium center. Both products are fully characterized by X‐ray structure elucidation.