bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal dynamics of a local fish community are strongly affected by immigration from the surrounding metacommunity
Authors: Stoffels Rick J. , Clarke Kenneth Robert , Linklater Danielle S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA 5‐year time series of annual censuses was collected from a large floodplain lake to determine how dynamics of the local fish community were affected by changes in hydrological connectivity with the surrounding metacommunity. The lake was disconnected from the metacommunity for 1 year prior to our study and remained disconnected until 3 months before our third annual census, when a flood reconnected the lake to the metacommunity. We determined how changes in connectivity affected temporal dynamics of (1) local community composition and (2) the population composition, condition, and growth of catfish, to shed light on how immigration of other species might affect local population dynamics. Before reconnection, the community was likely shaped by interactions between the local environment and species traits. The reconnection caused significant immigration and change in community composition and correlated with a significant and abrupt decline in catfish condition, growth, and abundance; effects likely due to the immigration of a competitor with a similar trophic niche: carp. The community was slow to return to its preconnection state, which may be due to dispersal traits of the fishes, and a time‐lag in the recovery of the local catfish population following transient intensification of species interactions. The dynamics observed were concordant with the species sorting and mass‐effects perspectives of metacommunity theory. Floods cause episodic dispersal in floodplain fish metacommunities, and so, flood frequency determines the relative importance of regional and local processes. Local processes may be particularly important to certain species, but these species may need sufficient time between floods for population increase, before the next flood‐induced dispersal episode brings competitors and predators that might cause population decline. Accordingly, species coexistence in these metacommunities may be facilitated by spatiotemporal storage effects, which may in turn be regulated by flood frequency.
Bayesian inference and fuzzy inference for spectrum sensing order in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Mohamedou Ahmed , Sali Aduwati , Ali Borhanuddin , Othman Mohamed , Mohamad Hafizal 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we propose two schedulers for channel sensing in cognitive radio networks. We use both of rules‐based learning and statistical‐based learning to develop the proposed solutions. Both of these schedulers take three channel parameters as an input to generate scheduling decision. These parameters are utilization, success rate, and channel quality. First proposed scheduler employs fuzzy inference technique to generate the decision regarding channel sensing order. It makes use of genetic algorithm to find the best set of fuzzy rules based on environment dynamics. The second proposed scheduler uses Bayesian inference concept by applying Baye's rule on the perceived distribution function of channel occupancy to improve its accuracy. To track the advancement of scheduler performance, we devised a measurement concept called convergence indicator. Both of the proposed mechanisms showed remarkable performance and adaptability to the highly dynamic behavior of wireless environment. Fuzzy inference solution achieved on average 138 per cent increases in terms of channel utilization compared to fixed sensing order, while Bayesian inference achieved 85 per cent increase. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatty Acid Composition of Freshwater Wild Fish in Subalpine Lakes: A Comparative Study
Authors: Vasconi Mauro , Caprino Fabio , Bellagamba Federica , Busetto Maria Letizia , Bernardi Cristian , Puzzi Cesare , Moretti Vittorio Maria 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this study, the proximate and fatty acid compositions of the muscle tissue of 186 samples of fish belonging to fifteen species of freshwater fish harvested in subalpine lakes (bleak, shad, crucian carp, whitefish, common carp, pike, black bullhead, burbot, perch, Italian roach, roach, rudd, wels catfish, chub and tench) were investigated. Most of the fish demonstrated a lipid content in the fillet lower than 2.0 g 100 g−1 wet weight (range 0.6–9.7). A strong relationship between feeding behavior and fatty acid composition of the muscle lipids was observed. Planktivorous fish showed the lowest amounts of n‐3 fatty acids (p < 0.05), but the highest monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents, in particular 18:1n‐9. Conversely, carnivorous fish showed the highest amounts of saturated fatty acids and n‐3 fatty acids (p < 0.05), but the lowest MUFA contents. Omnivorous fish showed substantial proportions of n‐3 fatty acids and the highest contents of n‐6 fatty acids. Principal component analysis showed a distinct separation between fish species according to their feeding habits and demonstrated that the most contributing trophic markers were 18:1n‐9, 18:3n‐3, 22:6n‐3 and 20:4n‐6. The quantitative amounts n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in muscle tissues varied depending on the fish species, the lipid content and the feeding habits. Some species were very lean, and therefore would be poor choices for human consumption to meet dietary n‐3 fatty acid requirements. Nevertheless, the more frequently consumed and appreciated fish, shad and whitefish, had EPA and DHA contents in the range 900–1,000 mg 100 g−1 fresh fillet.
CHARACTERIZATIONS OF RICCI FLAT METRICS AND LAGRANGIAN SUBMANIFOLDS IN TERMS OF THE VARIATIONAL PROBLEM
Authors: TANIGUCHI TETSUYA , UDAGAWA SEIICHI 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGiven the pair (P, η) of (0,2) tensors, where η defines a volume element, we consider a new variational problem varying η only. We then have Einstein metrics and slant immersions as critical points of the 1st variation. We may characterize Ricci flat metrics and Lagrangian submanifolds as stable critical points of our variational problem.
Oral vitamin D supplementation has a lower bioavailability and reduces hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone and insulin resistance in obese Chinese males
Authors: Zhou Ji-Chang , Zhu Yu-Mei , Chen Zheng , Mo Jun-Luan , Xie Feng-Zhu , Wen Ying-Hong , Guo Ping , Peng Ji , Xu Jian , Wang Jun , Liu Xiao-Li 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the vitamin D status, SNP of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) and the effects of vitamin D supplementation on parathyroid hormone and insulin secretion in adult males with obesity or normal weight in a subtropical Chinese city.DesignAn intervention trial.SettingShenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China.SubjectsFrom a cross-sectional survey conducted from June to July, eighty-two normal-weight and ninety-nine obese males (18–69 years) were screened to analyse their vitamin D status and for five SNP of VDR. From these individuals, in the same season of a different year, obese and normal-weight male volunteers (twenty-one per group) were included for an intervention trial with oral vitamin D supplementation at 1250 µg/week for 8 weeks.ResultsFor the survey, there was no significant difference (P>0·05) in baseline circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations or in the percentages of participants in different categories of vitamin D status between the two groups. The VDR SNP, rs3782905, was significantly associated with obesity (P=0·043), but none of the examined SNP were correlated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D when adjusted for age, BMI and study group. After vitamin D supplementation, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, hypersecretions of parathyroid hormone and insulin, and insulin resistance in the obese were changed beneficially (P<0·05); however, the increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was less than that of the normal-weight men.ConclusionsFor obese and normal-weight men of subtropical China, the summer baseline vitamin D status was similar. However, oral vitamin D supplementation revealed a decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obese men and ameliorated their hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone and insulin resistance.
Partial melting of deeply subducted eclogite from the Sulu orogen in China
Authors: Wang Lu , Kusky Timothy M. , Polat Ali , Wang Songjie , Jiang Xingfu , Zong Keqing , Wang Junpeng , Deng Hao , Fu Jianmin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe report partial melting of an ultrahigh pressure eclogite in the Mesozoic Sulu orogen, China. Eclogitic migmatite shows successive stages of initial intragranular and grain boundary melt droplets, which grow into a three-dimensional interconnected intergranular network, then segregate and accumulate in pressure shadow areas and then merge to form melt channels and dikes that transport magma to higher in the lithosphere. Here we show, using zircon U–Pb dating and petrological analyses, that partial melting occurred at 228–219 Myr ago, shortly after peak metamorphism at 230 Myr ago. The melts and residues are complimentarily enriched and depleted in light rare earth element (LREE) compared with the original rock. Partial melting of deeply subducted eclogite is an important process in determining the rheological structure and mechanical behaviour of subducted lithosphere and its rapid exhumation, controlling the flow of deep lithospheric material, and for generation of melts from the upper mantle, potentially contributing to arc magmatism and growth of continental crust.
Magnetic and Electronic Evolutions of Hydrogenated VTe2 Monolayer under Tension
Authors: Pan Hui 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTwo-dimensional nanostructures with controllable magnetic and electronic properties are desirable for their versatile applications in quantum devices. Here, we present a first-principles design on their magnetic and electronic switching controlled by tension. We find that hydrogenated VTe2 monolayer experiences a transfer from anti-ferromagnetism to ferromagnetism via a turning-point of paramagnetism and switches from semiconductor, to metal, further to half-metal as tension increases. We show that its anti-ferromagnetism with semiconducting or metallic character under low tension is contributed to super-exchange or mobile-carrier enhanced super-exchange, while the ferromagnetism with half-metallic character under high tension is induced by carrier-mediated double exchange. We further show that the magnetic and electronic evolutions of hydrogenated VS2 and VSe2 monolayers under tension follow the same trend as those of hydrogenated VTe2 monolayer. We predict that tension is efficient and simple to control the magnetic and electronic properties of hydrogenated vanadium dichalcogenides monolayers. The monolayers with controllable magnetism and conductivity may find applications in multi-functional nanodevices.
The natural history of levator avulsion one year following childbirth: a prospective study
Authors: van Delft KWM , Thakar R , Sultan AH , IntHout J , Kluivers KB 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo explore the natural history of levator avulsion in primipara 1 year postpartum and correlate this to pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD).DesignObservational longitudinal cohort study.SettingDistrict General University Hospital.Population or sampleNullipara at 36 weeks of gestation, 3 months and 1 year postpartum.MethodsValidated methods assessed muscle strength, prolapse, ultrasound measurements of levator hiatus and avulsion, and questionnaires for sexual function, and urinary and anal incontinence. Pattern differences over time were evaluated using linear mixed models.Main outcome measuresNatural history of levator avulsion and relationship with PFD.ResultsOf the 269 nullipara, 191 returned at 3 months and 147 (55%) at 1 year postpartum; 109 had a vaginal delivery and 38 had a caesarean delivery. Sixty‐two percent (n = 13/21; 95% CI 41–79%) of levator avulsions diagnosed 3 months postpartum were no longer evident at 1 year. Following vaginal delivery, nine women (8%, 95% CI 4.2–15.1%) had persistent levator avulsion. Most changes in PFD occurred between the antenatal and first postnatal visit, without improvement at 1 year. Women with persistent levator avulsion had significantly worse deterioration patterns of muscle strength, hiatus measurements and vaginal symptoms (loose vagina/lump sensation). However, evidence of PFD was also related to no longer evident levator avulsion.ConclusionsSixty‐two percent of levator avulsions were no longer evident 1 year postpartum. Partial avulsion has a tendency to improve over time, which seems to be less common for complete levator avulsions. Women with no longer evident and persistent levator avulsion had PFD, with worse patterns in presence of persistent avulsion.
Impact of diagenesis on reservoir quality in a sedimentary geothermal play: a case study in theCooperBasin,SouthAustralia
Authors: Dillinger Antoine , Ricard Ludovic P. , Huddlestone‐Holmes Cameron , Esteban Lionel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGeothermal resources hosted within sedimentary basins with high natural permeability have been targeted for the production of energy in Australia. The Hutton Sandstone (Cooper‐Eromanga Basin) – a prolific oil and gas producer known to have good reservoir quality and high reservoir volume – was recently tested for its geothermal potential in the Cooper Region. However, recent exploratory drilling did not produce the anticipated flow rates, raising the question of the impact of diagenesis on the reservoir quality of this sedimentary formation. The combined characterization of the petrology, diagenesis and petrophysical properties of the Hutton Sandstone at Celsius‐1 and other surrounding wells indicates variable reservoir properties in the Cooper Region. This integrated study demonstrates that low formation permeability occurs at geothermal target depth and explains the negligible flow rates obtained at Celsius‐1. These low permeabilities are the results of the preservation of widespread detrital clayey matrix and the extensive occurrence of authigenic kaolinite, illite and silica cements at the top and base of the Hutton Sandstone. This aspect is confirmed byNMRT2transversal relaxation time becoming shorter at similar depths. Petrography analysis also reveals that sandstones are affected by diagenetic processes of the eogenetic and mesogenetic phases. However, the Hutton Sandstone at Celsius‐1 is presently at pressure‐temperature conditions that are below the mesogenetic conditions, which suggests a late episode of uplift and cooling from maximum palaeotemperatures.
In silico analysis and experimental validation of active compounds from fructus Schisandrae chinensis in protection from hepatic injury
Authors: Wang S. Y. , Fu L. L. , Zhang S. Y. , Tian M. , Zhang L. , Zheng Y. X. , Wang J. H. , Huang J. , Ouyang L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore mechanisms by which fructus Schisandrae chinensis (Wuweizi) is able to reveal its protective capacity against hepatocyte injury.Materials and methodsIdentification of candidate small molecular compounds was performed by text‐mining, extraction and isolation, reverse‐docking, network construction, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In vitro cytological examination and western blotting were used to validate efficacy of selected compounds.ResultsWe analyzed chemical composition of fructus Schisandrae chinensis and constructed protein–protein networks of key targets. Networks of miRNA‐protein were constructed. Molecular docking and MD simulation results supported good interaction between selected compound 11/12 and GBA3/SHBG. Further in vitro examination divulged molecular mechanisms involved.ConclusionsIn silico analysis and experimental validation together demonstrated that compound 11/12 of fructus Schisandrae chinensis targetted GBA3/SHBG in hepatocytes. Hopefully this will shed light on exploration of its complex molecular mechanisms.
Ecological impacts of small hydropower plants on headwater stream fish: from individual to community effects
Authors: Benejam Lluís , Saura‐Mas Sandra , Bardina Mònica , Solà Carolina , Munné Antoni , García‐Berthou Emili 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHydroelectricity is increasingly used worldwide as a source of renewable energy, and many mountain ranges have dozens or hundreds of hydropower plants, with many more being under construction or planned. Although the ecological impacts of large dams are relatively well known, the effects of small hydropower plants and their weirs have been much less investigated. We studied the effects of water diversion of small hydropower plants on fish assemblages in the upper Ter river basin (Catalonia, NE Spain), which has headwater reaches with good water quality and no large dams but many of such plants. We studied fish populations and habitat features on control and impacted reaches for water diversion of 16 hydropower plants. In the impacted reaches, there was a significantly lower presence of refuges for fish, poorer habitat quality, more pools and less riffles and macrophytes, and shallower water levels. We also observed higher fish abundance, larger mean fish size and better fish condition in the control than in impacted reaches, although the results were species‐specific. Accordingly, species composition was also affected, with lower relative abundance of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Pyrenean minnow (Phoxinus bigerri) in the impacted reaches and higher presence of stone loach (Barbatula quignardi) and Mediterranean barbel (Barbus meridionalis). Our study highlights the effects of water diversion of small hydropower plants from the individual to the population and community levels but probably underestimates them, urging for further assessment and mitigation of these ecological impacts.
Antimicrobial activity of Chlorhexidine, Peracetic acid and Sodium hypochlorite/etidronate irrigant solutions against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms
Authors: Arias‐Moliz M. T. , Ordinola‐Zapata R. , Baca P. , Ruiz‐Linares M. , García García E. , Hungaro Duarte M. A. , Monteiro Bramante C. , Ferrer‐Luque C. M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the antimicrobial effect of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite alone (NaOCl) and associated with 9% HEBP (NaOCl/HEBP), 2% peracetic acid (PAA) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), on the viability of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms attached to dentine.MethodologyBiofilms of E. faecalis were grown on the surface of dentine blocks for 5 days and then exposed to the irrigating solutions for 3 min. Distilled water was used as the control. The total biovolume and the percentage of dead cells of the infected dentine were measured by means of confocal microscopy and the live/dead technique. Nonparametric tests were used to determine statistical differences (P < 0.05).ResultsNaOCl and the NaOCl/HEBP mixture were associated with a significantly greater percentage of dead cells, followed by PAA (P < 0.05). No significant antimicrobial effect of CHX was observed in comparison with the control group. Total biovolume decreased significantly in NaOCl, NaOCl/HEBP and PAA solutions in comparison with the CHX and control groups.ConclusionsNaOCl alone or associated with HEBP were the most effective irrigant solutions in dissolving and killing E. faecalis biofilms.
Quantitative trait locus mapping identifies candidate alleles involved in adaptive introgression and range expansion in a wild sunflower
Authors: Whitney Kenneth D. , Broman Karl W. , Kane Nolan C. , Hovick Stephen M. , Randell Rebecca A. , Rieseberg Loren H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe wild North American sunflowersHelianthus annuusandH. debilisare participants in one of the earliest identified examples of adaptive trait introgression, and the exchange is hypothesized to have triggered a range expansion inH. annuus. However, the genetic basis of the adaptive exchange has not been examined. Here, we combine quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with field measurements of fitness to identify candidateH. debilisQTLalleles likely to have introgressed intoH. annuusto form the natural hybrid lineageH. a. texanus. Two 500‐individualBC1mapping populations were grown in central Texas, genotyped for 384 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and then phenotyped in the field for two fitness and 22 herbivore resistance, ecophysiological, phenological and architectural traits. We identified a total of 110QTL, including at least oneQTLfor 22 of the 24 traits. Over 75% of traits exhibited at least oneH. debilisQTLallele that would shift the trait in the direction of the wild hybridH. a. texanus. We identified three chromosomal regions whereH. debilisalleles increased both female and male components of fitness; these regions are expected to be strongly favoured in the wild.QTLfor a number of other ecophysiological, phenological and architectural traits colocalized with these three regions and are candidates for the actual traits driving adaptive shifts. G × E interactions played a modest role, with 17% of theQTLshowing potentially divergent phenotypic effects between the two field sites. The candidate adaptive chromosomal regions identified here serve as explicit hypotheses for how the genetic architecture of the hybrid lineage came into existence.
Olfactory function in elderly people and patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hori Yuriko , Matsuda Osamu , Ichikawa Sachiko 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundOlfactory function is an important sensory perception function that helps us detect the smell of spoiled food, dirty clothing, and gas leaks. If ageing and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are accompanied by a decline in olfactory function, this might reduce the ability to sense danger, placing the safety and hygiene of elderly people at risk.MethodsSubjects in this study included 113 healthy subjects aged 20–89 years and 12 persons with AD aged 62–85 years. The healthy subjects were divided into three groups according to age: young‐adult group (20–43 years), middle‐adult group (45–69 years), and old‐adult group (70–89 years). The Hasegawa Dementia Scale‐Revised score of AD subjects ranged from 15 to 26. We developed and implemented an odour identification ability test and a situational judgement test using an odour stick to examine the impact of ageing and AD on olfactory function from the perspective of sensing danger. To examine the impact of mild AD on the olfactory function, we compared the scores between the AD group and the age‐matched control group.ResultsThe scores for the situational judgement and odour identification ability tests were significantly lower in an old‐adult group than in the young‐adult and middle‐adult groups. A significant correlation was found between age and scores for both tests in the control group. The AD group exhibited significantly lower total scores on both tests compared with the age‐matched controls.ConclusionsThese results suggest that ageing and mild AD may reduce the ability to identify odours and judge situations based on odours.
ON THE ACT OF BLINKING
Authors: Ponder Eric , Kennedy W. P. 
Published: December 2014

1. It is shown, by an investigation of the movements of blinking in the normal individual, that the distribution of interblink periods (intervals between successive blinks measured in seconds) is remarkably constant for the individual under constant experimental conditions.2 The movements are not reflex, and do not depend on the integrity of the second, third, fourth, fifth, or sixth cranial nerves. They are centrally controlled, and dependent on intermittent impulses passing from the region of the basal ganglia.3. The rate of blinking is closely related to the “mental tension” of the subject at the time, and in all probability the movements constitute a kind of relief mechanism, whereby nervous energy, otherwise unutilised, passes into a highly facilitated path.