bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for proteinase-activated receptor 1-triggered prostaglandin E2 generation in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells
Authors: Maeda Yuma , Sekiguchi Fumiko , Yamanaka Rumi , Sugimoto Ryo , Yamasoba Daichi , Tomita Shiori , Nishikawa Hiroyuki , Kawabata Atsufumi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We analyzed signaling mechanisms for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production following activation of proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR1), a thrombin receptor, in preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. PAR1 stimulation caused PGE2 release, an effect suppressed by inhibitors of COX-1, COX-2, iPLA2, cPLA2, MAP kinases (MAPKs), Src, EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), but not by an intracellular Ca2+ chelator or inhibitors of PI3 kinase, protein kinase C (PKC) and NF-κB. PAR1 activation induced phosphorylation of MAPKs and upregulation of COX-2. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was suppressed by inhibitors of Src and EGFR-TK. The COX-2 upregulation was dependent on ERK, p38, EGFR-TK, Src, and COX-2 itself. PAR1 activation also induced MEK-dependent phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). All inhibitors of EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4 receptors suppressed the PAR1-triggered PGE2 release. Exogenously applied PGE2 facilitated PAR1-triggered COX-2 upregulation, but it alone had no effect. Together, the PAR1-mediated PGE2 production in MC3T3-E1 cells appears to involve iPLA2 and cPLA2 for arachidonic acid release, and the MEK/ERK/CREB and Src/MMP/EGFR/p38 pathways for COX-2 upregulation, which is facilitated by endogenous PGE2 formed by COX-2. These signaling mechanisms might underlie the role of the thrombin/PAR1/PGE2 system in the early stage of the bone healing.
The activity and localization patterns of cathepsins B and X in cells of the mouse gastrointestinal tract differ along its length
Authors: Tamhane Tripti , Arampatzidou Maria , Gerganova Veneta , Tacke Marlene , Illukkumbura Rukshala , Dauth Stephanie , Schaschke Norbert , Peters Christoph , Reinheckel Thomas , Brix Klaudia 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCysteine cathepsins are expressed in most tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract. We demonstrated an involvement of mouse intestinal cathepsin B in extracellular matrix remodeling for regeneration from trauma. The present study aimed at elucidating roles of cysteine cathepsins in the non-traumatized gastrointestinal tract of mice. Thus we investigated expression and localization patterns of cathepsin B and its closest relative, cathepsin X, along the length of the gastrointestinal tract, and determined the effects of their absence. Cathepsin B showed the highest protein levels in the anterior segments of the gastrointestinal tract, whereas the highest activity was observed in the jejunum, as revealed by cathepsin B-specific activity-based probe labeling. Cathepsin X was most abundant in the jejunum and protein levels were elevated in duodenum and colon ofCtsb-/-mice. The segmental pattern of cathepsin expression was reflected by a compartmentalized distribution of junction proteins and basal lamina constituents, changes in tissue architecture and altered activities of the brush border enzyme aminopeptidase N. In conclusion, we observed different compensatory effects and activity levels of cysteine peptidases along the length of the small and large intestines in a segment-specific manner suggesting specificin situfunctions of these enzymes in particular parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
Membrane-type I matrix metalloproteinase-dependent ectodomain shedding of mucin16/ CA-125 on ovarian cancer cells modulates adhesion and invasion of peritoneal mesothelium
Authors: Bruney Lana , Conley Kaitlynn C. , Moss Natalie M. , Liu Yueying , Stack M. Sharon 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Mucin16 [MUC16/cancer antigen 125 (CA-125)], a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein expressed on the ovarian tumor cell surface, potentiates metastasis via selective binding to mesothelin on peritoneal mesothelial cells. Shed MUC16/CA-125 is detectable in sera from ovarian cancer patients. We investigated the potential role of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14), a transmembrane collagenase highly expressed in ovarian cancer cells, in MUC16/CA-125 ectodomain shedding. An inverse correlation between MT1-MMP and MUC16 immunoreactivity was observed in human ovarian tumors and cells. Further, when MUC16-expressing OVCA433 cells were engineered to overexpress MT1-MMP, surface expression of MUC16/CA-125 was lost, whereas cells expressing the inactive E240A mutant retained surface MUC16/CA-125. As a functional consequence, decreased adhesion of cells expressing catalytically active MT1-MMP to three-dimensional meso-mimetic cultures and intact ex vivo peritoneal tissue explants was observed. Nevertheless, meso-mimetic invasion is enhanced in MT1-MMP-expressing cells. Together, these data support a model wherein acquisition of catalytically active MT1-MMP expression in ovarian cancer cells induces MUC16/CA-125 ectodomain shedding, reducing adhesion to meso-mimetic cultures and to intact peritoneal explants. However, proteolytic clearing of MUC16/CA-125, catalyzed by MT1-MMP, may then expose integrins for high-affinity cell binding to peritoneal tissues, thereby anchoring metastatic lesions for subsequent proliferation within the collagen-rich sub-mesothelial matrix.
Non-B HIV-1 subtypes in sub-Saharan Africa: impact of subtype on protease inhibitor efficacy
Authors: Naicker Previn , Sayed Yasien 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In 2012, 25 million people [71% of global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection] were estimated to be living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Of these, approximately 1.6 million were new infections and 1.2 million deaths occurred. South Africa alone accounted for 31% of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. This disturbing statistic indicates that South Africa remains the epicenter of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, compounded by the fact that only 36% of HIV-positive patients in South Africa have access to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. Drug resistance mutations have emerged, and current ARVs show reduced efficacy against non-B subtypes. In addition, several recent studies have shown an increased prevalence of non-B African HIV strains in the Americas and Europe. Therefore, the use of ARVs in a non-B HIV-1 subtype context requires further investigation. HIV-1 subtype C protease, found largely in sub-Saharan Africa, has been under-investigated when compared with the subtype B protease, which predominates in North America and Europe. This review, therefore, focuses on HIV-1 proteases from B and C subtypes.
Analysis of the evolution of granule associated serine proteases of immune defence (GASPIDs) suggests a revised nomenclature
Authors: Ahmad Jamshaid , Bird Phillip Ian , Kaiserman Dion 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
GASPIDs (granule associated serine protease of immune defence) are a family of serine proteases intimately involved with the function of the vertebrate immune system. With the availability of a large and growing set of assembled genomes, we undertook an evolutionary analysis to plot the development of this protein family from a single precursor to the modern mammalian cohort of 12 genes, in an attempt to define and systematically classify subgroups or clades within this family, which are implied by the conventional gene designations. We identified a primordial GASPID gene as either GzmA or GzmK in cartilaginous fish and reconstructed an evolutionary path through to humans. Apart from historic value, the current sub-designations (granzymes, mast cell proteases and neutrophil serine proteases) serve no useful purpose and are increasingly misleading. We therefore used our phylogenetic and point mutation analyses to separate GASPIDs into three clades. These could form the basis of a simple nomenclature that allows effective classification of GASPIDs without implying functional roles.
Salt and Acid-Induced Soft Tofu-Type Gels: Rheology, Structure and Fractal Analysis of Viscoelastic Properties as a Function of Coagulant Concentration
Authors: Nicole Murekatete , Caimeng Zhang , Eric Karangwa , Yufei Hua 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The coagulant concentration dependence on the rheological properties of acid and salt-induced soft tofu-type gels formed with heated soy protein solutions was investigated. All gels showed a clear gel-like behavior, with acid-induced gels having the highest storage modulus (G′). Increase in coagulant concentration resulted in higher G′ and shorter gelation time (t
gel). The dependence of t
gel on the coagulant concentration could be scaled with a power law model with R
2 varying between 0.9535 and 0.9787. Also the dynamic moduli change over angular frequency fitted well the models:

G
′

∼

G
0
′

ω

n
′

$${G^\prime}\sim{\rm{}}G_0^\prime {\omega^{n^\prime}}$$

and

G
′′

∼

G
0

′
′

ω

n

$${G''}\sim {G^{\prime\prime}_0}^{\omega^{n}}$$

. The increase in shear deformation at fracture and shear stress yielding was directly proportional to the increase in coagulant concentration. Both gels were found in the transition regime with varying protein concentration, when experimental data were scaled with a fractal model. Salt-induced gels had more uniform network pore size, finer and smoother surface texture than acid-induced gels. Dynamic moduli analysis of the gels was significantly affected by coagulant type and concentration (p<0.05).
The modulated structure of labradorite
Authors: Boysen Hans , Kek Stefan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The crystal structure of labradorite is characterized by two modulation waves with largely different periods of about 1500 Å and 50 Å, giving rise to s- and e-satellites, respectively. The problems to determine the true structure by diffraction methods are discussed. Since each s-lamella has its own e-modulation, common experiments are not sufficient. Using only s-satellites around main reflections assumes e-averaged structures of the s-lamellae. On the other hand, using only averaged e-satellites and main reflections integrated over the s-satellites leads to a hypothetical, idealised structure such as if there were no s-modulation. For this reason the analysis of an extensive data set, including e-satellites up to third order, cannot resolve the Ca/Na modulation unambiguously, although the Si/Al modulation can be determined consistently from directly refined occupancies and T-O bond lengths.
The small GTPase Arf1 modulates mitochondrial morphology and function
Authors: Ackema Karin B , Hench Jürgen , Böckler Stefan , Wang Shyi Chyi , Sauder Ursula , Mergentaler Heidi , Westermann Benedikt , Bard Frédéric , Frank Stephan , Spang Anne 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe small GTPase Arf1 plays critical roles in membrane traffic by initiating the recruitment of coat proteins and by modulating the activity of lipid‐modifying enzymes. Here, we report an unexpected but evolutionarily conserved role for Arf1 and the ArfGEF GBF1 at mitochondria. Loss of function of ARF‐1 or GBF‐1 impaired mitochondrial morphology and activity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Similarly, mitochondrial defects were observed in mammalian and yeast cells. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, aberrant clusters of the mitofusin Fzo1 accumulated in arf1‐11 mutants and were resolved by overexpression of Cdc48, an AAA‐ATPase involved in ER and mitochondria‐associated degradation processes. Yeast Arf1 co‐fractionated with ER and mitochondrial membranes and interacted genetically with the contact site component Gem1. Furthermore, similar mitochondrial abnormalities resulted from knockdown of either GBF‐1 or contact site components in worms, suggesting that the role of Arf1 in mitochondrial functioning is linked to ER–mitochondrial contacts. Thus, Arf1 is involved in mitochondrial homeostasis and dynamics, independent of its role in vesicular traffic.
Himalaya Blackberry (Rubus armeniacus) Response to Goat Browsing and Mowing
Authors: Ingham Claudia S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHimalaya blackberry is a nonnative shrub that has invaded sites throughout the Pacific Northwest. Its persistent canopy and large underground crowns create a competitive environment that prevents desirable species from germinating, establishing, or both. Cutleaf blackberry grows in association with Himalaya blackberry, and control efforts frequently target these two species. Control of Himalaya blackberry is complicated by vigorous vegetative regrowth after mechanical control, including mowing, and variable response to chemical methods. Recent interest in the use of goat browsing for invasive plant control has led land managers to use a variety of browsing regimes to control unwanted species through disturbance by herbivory. This study examined changes in functional group percent cover in a perennial grass pasture invaded by Himalaya blackberry and cutleaf blackberry in the southern Willamette Valley of Oregon. The appearance of species and their functional group membership after three treatment protocols are evaluated. Changes in the percentage of cover by Himalaya and cutleaf blackberries, annual grasses, perennial grasses, annual forbs, and perennial forbs were examined after two annual treatments with (1) high-intensity–short-duration goat browsing, (2) mowing, and (3) high-intensity–short-duration goat browsing followed by mowing. These data were then compiled by functional group to assess trends in the plants' revegetating the pasture after treatment. All treatments caused a significant decline in the percent cover of the invasive blackberries (P < 0.0001), but differences among treatments were not significant. The increase in the percent cover of perennial forbs for plots treated with goat browsing followed by mowing was significantly greater (P = 0.008) than it was in plots browsed only and those mowed only. Changes in percent cover of other functional groups were not significantly different with browsing or mowing treatments. Individual species within the perennial grass and perennial forb groups are discussed.
Rough Surface and High-Forb Seed Mix Promote Ecological Restoration of Simulated Well Pads
Authors: Johnston Danielle Bilyeu , Chapman Phillip L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBecause of disturbance and exotic plant invasions, ecological restoration is necessary for maintaining functional big sagebrush ecosystems in western North America. Downy brome control is often necessary in restoring this ecosystem type; however, many brome control measures hinder ecological restoration by limiting the types of plants which can be established. Microtopography manipulation may aid weed control by entrapping undesirable seeds. We undertook a field experiment at four sites in the Piceance Basin of western Colorado, USA to test the effects of microtopography (rough with brush mulch or flat with straw mulch), seed mix (high-forb or balanced), and herbicide (140 g ai ha−1imazapic ammonium salt or none) on downy brome control and perennial plant establishment following disturbance. Three years post-treatment, downy brome had become established at two of the four sites, one each with high (GVM) and low (MTN) downy brome seed rain. At GVM, the rough/brush treatment augmented the effectiveness of imazapic, reducing downy brome biomass six-fold. At MTN, the rough/brush surface reduced downy brome biomass 10-fold in the absence of imazapic. Across all four sites, forb and shrub biomass were higher with the high-forb mix, and there was no effect of seed mix on downy brome or annual forb biomass. Restoring a full complement of plant functional groups in big sagebrush ecosystems may be aided by increasing forbs in seed mixes, and manipulating soil microtopography.
Potential for Spread of Algerian Sea Lavender (Limonium ramosissimum subsp. provinciale) in Tidal Marshes
Authors: Archbald Gavin , Boyer Katharyn E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe investigated the potential for an invasive sea lavender, Limonium ramosissimum subsp. provinciale (Algerian sea lavender; LIRA) to spread in San Francisco Estuary (SFE) tidal marshes by testing how two determinants of tidal marsh plant distribution, salinity and inundation, affect LIRA dispersal, germination, growth, and reproduction. Simulating dispersal in 0, 15, and 30 parts per thousand (ppt) salinity water, we found seeds remained afloat similarly regardless of salinity, and seed viability after floatation was high (88%); however, seeds in 0 ppt aquaria germinated after just 4 d, suggesting shorter dispersal distances in fresh than in brackish or saline water. Next, we compared LIRA and native halophyte seed germination in 0, 15, 30, and 45 ppt water. Percentage of germination was similar between species after 3 wk, but LIRA germinated faster in fresh water than all native species (90% vs. 5% germination after 4 d), suggesting a possible establishment advantage for LIRA at low salinities. Finally, we grew LIRA under crossed salinity and inundation levels in a tidal simulator for a growing season. LIRA growth and seed production increased when either salinity or inundation was reduced. We conclude that spread could be greatest among salt marshes due to high potential for seed dispersal in saline water, yet spread within marshes may be greatest in relatively lower salinity conditions where growth and reproduction are maximized.
Skeletal and dental effects of molar distalization using a modified palatal anchorage plate in adolescents
Authors: Sa'aed Noor Laith , Park Chong Ook , Bayome Mohamed , Park Jae Hyun , Kim YoonJi , Kook Yoon-Ah 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate and compare skeletal effects and the amount of molar distalization in maxilla using modified palatal anchorage plate (MPAP) vs headgear appliances in adolescent patients.

Materials and Methods:
Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 45 Class II malocclusion patients were analyzed; 24 were treated with MPAP appliances (age, 12.4 years) and 21 with headgear (age, 12.1 years). Fixed orthodontic treatment started with the distalization process in both groups. Thirty-two variables were measured and compared between both groups using multivariate analysis of covariates.

Results:
There was no significant main effect of the appliance type on the treatment results (P  =  .063). Also, there was no significant main effect of the appliance type on both pre- and posttreatment comparisons (P  =  .0198 and .135, respectively). The MPAP and headgear groups showed significant distalization of maxillary first molars (3.06 ± 0.54 mm and 1.8 ± 0.58 mm, respectively; P &lt; .001). Sagittal skeletal maxillomandibular differences were improved after treatment (P &lt; .001), with no significant differences between the two groups. No significant difference in treatment duration was found between the groups.

Conclusions:
The MPAP showed a significant skeletal effect on the maxilla. Both MPAP and headgear resulted in distalization of maxillary first molars. Therefore, it is recommended that clinicians consider the application of MPAP, especially in noncompliant Class II patients.
Treatment effects of fixed functional appliances alone or in combination with multibracket appliances: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Perinetti Giuseppe , Primožič Jasmina , Furlani Giovanna , Franchi Lorenzo , Contardo Luca 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To assess skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of fixed functional appliances, alone or in combination with multibracket appliances (comprehensive treatment), on Class II malocclusion in pubertal and postpubertal patients.

Materials and Methods:
Literature survey was conducted using the Medline, SCOPUS, LILACS, and SciELO databases and The Cochrane Library, and through a manual search. The studies retrieved had to have a matched untreated control group. No restrictions were set regarding the type of fixed appliance, treatment length, or to the cephalometric analysis used. Data extraction was mostly predefined at the protocol stage by two authors. Supplementary mandibular elongation was used for the meta-analysis.

Results:
Twelve articles qualified for the final analysis of which eight articles were on pubertal patients and four were on postpubertal patients. Overall supplementary total mandibular elongations as mean (95% confidence interval) were 1.95 mm (1.47 to 2.44) and 2.22 mm (1.63 to 2.82) among pubertal patients and −1.73 mm (−2.60 to −0.86) and 0.44 mm (−0.78 to 1.66) among postpubertal patients, for the functional and comprehensive treatments, respectively. For pubertal subjects, maxillary growth restraint was also reported. Nevertheless, skeletal effects alone would not account for the whole Class II correction even in pubertal subjects with dentoalveolar effects always present.

Conclusions:
Fixed functional treatment is effective in treating Class II malocclusion with skeletal effects when performed during the pubertal growth phase, very few data are available on postpubertal patients.
Characterizations of strong Morita equivalence for ordered semigroups with local units
Authors: Tart Lauri 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We prove that partially ordered semigroups S and T with local units are strongly Morita equivalent if and only if there exists a surjective strict local isomorphism to T from a factorizable Rees matrix posemigroup over S. We also provide two similar descriptions which use Cauchy completions and Morita posemigroups instead.
On some new identities for the Fibonomial coefficients
Authors: Marques Diego , Trojovský Pavel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Let F
n be the nth Fibonacci number. The Fibonomial coefficients $$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c}
n \\
k \\

\end{array} } \right]_F$$ are defined for n ≥ k > 0 as follows $$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c}
n \\
k \\

\end{array} } \right]_F = \frac{{F_n F_{n - 1} \cdots F_{n - k + 1} }}
{{F_1 F_2 \cdots F_k }},$$ with $$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c}
n \\
0 \\

\end{array} } \right]_F = 1$$ and $$\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c}
n \\
k \\

\end{array} } \right]_F = 0$$. In this paper, we shall provide several identities among Fibonomial coefficients. In particular, we prove that $$\sum\limits_{j = 0}^{4l + 1} {\operatorname{sgn} (2l - j)\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c}
{4l + 1} \\
j \\

\end{array} } \right]_F F_{n - j} = \frac{{F_{2l - 1} }}
{{F_{4l + 1} }}\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c}
{4l + 1} \\
{2l} \\

\end{array} } \right]_F F_{n - 4l - 1} ,}$$ holds for all non-negative integers n and l.
On the group sheaf of $$\mathcal{A}$$-symplectomorphisms
Authors: Ntumba Patrice 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This is a part of a further undertaking to affirm that most of classical module theory may be retrieved in the framework of Abstract Differential Geometry (à la Mallios). More precisely, within this article, we study some defining basic concepts of symplectic geometry on free $$\mathcal{A}$$-modules by focussing in particular on the group sheaf of $$\mathcal{A}$$-symplectomorphisms, where $$\mathcal{A}$$ is assumed to be a torsion-free PID ℂ-algebra sheaf. The main result arising hereby is that $$\mathcal{A}$$-symplectomorphisms locally are products of symplectic transvections, which is a particularly well-behaved counterpart of the classical result.
On the multiple exterior degree of finite groups
Authors: Rezaei Rashid , Niroomand Peyman , Erfanian Ahmad 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Recently the first two authors have introduced a group invariant, called exterior degree, which is related to the number of elements x and y of a finite group G such that xΛy = 1 in the exterior square GΛG of G. Research on this topic gives some relations between this concept, the Schur multiplier and the capability of a finite group. In the present paper, we will generalize the concept of exterior degree of groups and we will introduce the multiple exterior degree of finite groups. Among other results, we will obtain some relations between the multiple exterior degree, multiple commutativity degree and capability of finite groups.