bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the predictive role of work rules on compassion satisfaction and career satisfaction among professionals of obstetrics and gynaecology: The mediating effect of team support
Authors: Younas Sana , Khanum Saeeda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWork rules are an important guiding principle that regulates professional behaviour in organizational settings, however, the mechanism through which work rules affect physicians’ compassion satisfaction and career satisfaction remains unknown. Additionally, existing literature mainly focuses on direct associations, overlooking team support’s potential mediating role. This creates a research gap regarding team support as a mediator between work rules and both compassion and career satisfaction, requiring further scholarly investigation. Hence, the present study aims to investigate team support as a mediator between work rules and both compassion and career satisfaction in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Obs and Gynae) physicians. A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 347 participants between 24 and 60 years (M = 31.22; SD = 6.81) in tertiary care hospitals. Participants were approached through purposive and convenient sampling techniques. A structural equation modelling through AMOS was analysed to study the complex interlinkages among the variables. The study found significant mediation of team support between work rules and career satisfaction (b = 0.077, 95% CI = 0.052, 0.106, P = 0.000). Also, an indirect significant path of team support is found between work rules and compassion satisfaction (b = 0.032, 95% CI = 0.020, 0.044, P = 0.000). Teamwork has far-reaching implications for healthcare professionals’ well-being, team dynamics, patient care quality, and the overall effectiveness of healthcare organizations. Filling this research gap enables healthcare professionals to foster more supportive work environment, benefiting both physicians and the patients they serve.
Inhalation of Curcumae Rhizoma volatile oil attenuates depression-like behaviours via activating the Nrf2 pathway to alleviate oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Lai Meixizi , Su Dan , Ai Zhifu , Yang Ming , Zhang Zhentao , Zhang Qi , Shao Wenxiang , Luo Tao , Zhu Genhua , Song Yonggui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Curcumae Rhizoma (CR) is a traditional Chinese medicine used frequently in clinics, which contains volatile components that exhibit various active effects. This study explores the effect of Curcumae Rhizoma volatile oil (CRVO) on depressive mice and its possible mechanism of action.

Methods
Chemical composition of CRVO was analysed by GC–MS. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays were used to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity of CRVO. A chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model was used to evaluate the antidepressant effect of CRVO. The effects of CRVO on oxidative stress in vivo were investigated using Nissl staining, ELISA and transmission electron microscopy. The Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signalling pathway was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence. ML385, a Nrf2 inhibitor was used to validate the effect of Nrf2 on CUMS mice with CRVO treatment.

Key findings
Phytochemical analysis showed that CRVO is rich in its characteristic components, including curzerene (31.1%), curdione (30.56%), and germacrone (12.44%). In vivo, the administration of CRVO significantly ameliorated CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviours. In addition, inhalation of CRVO significantly alleviated the oxidative stress caused by CUMS and improved neuronal damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. The results of mechanistic studies showed that the mechanism of action is related to the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway and the antioxidant and antidepressant effects of CRVO were weakened when ML385 was used.

Conclusions
In summary, by regulating the Nrf2 pathway, inhalation of CRVO can reduce oxidative stress in depressed mice, thereby reducing neuronal damage and mitochondrial dysfunction to alleviate depression-like behaviours. Our study offers a prospective research foundation to meet the diversity of clinical medication.
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CIRCLE—An interactive visual exploration tool for single cell RNA-Seq data
Authors: Seeger Maximilian , Schöls Erich , Barquist Lars 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
sCIRCLE (single-Cell Interactive Real-time Computer visualization for Low-dimensional Exploration) is a tool for exploratory analysis of single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data sets, with a focus on bacterial scRNA-seq. The software takes an information design perspective to re-envision visually and interactively exploring low dimensional representations of scRNA-Seq data. Users can project cells in various 3D and 2D spaces and interactively query and paint cells using rich metadata sets reporting on cell cluster, gene function, and gene expression. As a standalone application it contains, among other features, options for dimensionality reduction, navigation and interaction with data in 3d and 2d space, gene filtering, fold change and metacell computation as well as various capabilities for visualization, data import and export.
Current state of spinal nerve sheath tumor management and future advances
Authors: Gui Chloe , Canthiya Luxshikka , Zadeh Gelareh , Suppiah Suganth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Nerve sheath tumors are the most common tumors of the spine after meningiomas. They include schwannomas, neurofibroma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. These can arise sporadically or in association with tumor predisposition syndromes, including neurofibromatosis type 1, neurofibromatosis type 2, and schwannomatosis. Though surgery is the traditional mainstay of treatment for these tumors, the discovery of the genetic and molecular basis of these diseases in recent decades has prompted investigation into targeted therapies. Here, we give a clinical overview of spinal nerve sheath tumors, their imaging features, current management practices, and explore ongoing advances in systemic therapies.
Subcortical Brain Volumes and Neurocognitive Function in Children With Perinatal HIV Exposure: A Population-Based Cohort Study in South Africa
Authors: Wedderburn Catherine J , Yeung Shunmay , Groenewold Nynke A , Rehman Andrea M , Subramoney Sivenesi , Fouche Jean-Paul , Joshi Shantanu H , Narr Katherine L , Hoffman Nadia , Roos Annerine , Gibb Diana M , Zar Heather J , Stein Dan J , Donald Kirsten A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected (HEU) are at risk for early neurodevelopmental impairment. Smaller basal ganglia nuclei have been reported in neonates who are HEU compared to HIV-unexposed (HU); however, neuroimaging studies outside infancy are scarce. We examined subcortical brain structures and associations with neurocognition in children who are HEU.

Methods
This neuroimaging study was nested within the Drakenstein Child Health Study birth cohort in South Africa. We compared (T1-weighted) magnetic resonance imaging–derived subcortical brain volumes between children who were HEU (n = 70) and HU (n = 92) at age 2–3 years using linear regression. Brain volumes were correlated with neurodevelopmental outcomes measured with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III.

Results
Compared to HU children, on average children who were HEU had 3% lower subcortical grey matter volumes. Analyses of individual structures found smaller volume of the putamen nucleus in the basal ganglia (−5% difference, P = .016) and the hippocampus (−3% difference, P = .044), which held on adjustment for potential confounders (P &lt; .05). Maternal viremia and lower CD4 count in pregnancy were associated with smaller child putamen volumes. Children who were HEU had lower language scores than HU; putamen and hippocampus volumes were positively correlated with language outcomes.

Conclusions
Overall, children who are HEU had a pattern of smaller subcortical volumes in the basal ganglia and hippocampal regions compared to HU children, which correlated with language function. Findings suggest that optimizing maternal perinatal HIV care is important for child brain development. Further studies are needed to investigate underlying mechanisms and long-term outcomes.
Health equity principles for oncology real world evidence studies
Authors: Forrester Patrice , Antwi Henry Asante , Robert Nicholas J , Winston Terri , O’Sullivan Amy K , Mullins C Daniel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Real-world research on cancer care in the community should address social determinants of health (SDOH) to advance health equity in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. We sought patient and stakeholder perspectives to co-develop research principles to guide researchers when using patient record data to address health equity in their research protocols.

Materials and methods
Key informant interviews with 13 individuals elicited perspectives and insights related to health equity and SDOH when conducting research using data from community-based oncology care. Interviews included a brief overview of a prior scoping review and related questions in the interview guide. Key informants included experts in health equity and SDOH, and patient and community advisory board members. Rapid qualitative analysis was used to identify key themes, patterns, and insights from the interview data. Principles were developed based on the results of the analysis.

Results
Three overarching categories for promoting health equity were (1) education; (2) community engagement; and (3) research design and implementation. Education principles highlight the necessity of training in relevant skills to address health equity. Community engagement principles highlight various actions that researchers can take to conduct research inclusive of community concerns regarding health equity. The research design and implementation category provides practical guidelines for researchers in planning, conducting, and disseminating community-based oncology research to address health equity.

Conclusion
Our principles guide oncology real-world research protocols to address SDOH in community settings and promote health equity. These principles should be tailored to specific cancer topics and communities.
Gender revolution, evolution or neverlution?
Authors: Cooke Lynn Prince 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Liberal feminists of the 1960s viewed women’s increasing levels of education and employment throughout their lives as harbingers of a gender equality revolution. In this commentary, I draw on economic and sociological research since that time to argue why gender equality in public and private domains remains elusive. For one, it is a story of women changing their behaviour to be more like men in employment, without the necessary complementarity of men behaving more like women in caring responsibilities. Despite women’s employment gains, they remain under-represented at business executive levels and on boards, as well as among MPs. In addition, women continue to be physically oppressed through sexual harassment, exploitation and violence in the home, education, organizations and broader society. The COVID pandemic accentuated women’s employment disadvantage, family responsibilities and physical risks. I recommend the sorts of small, doable policy steps needed to nudge us further toward gender equality.
The other side of the mountain: women’s employment and earnings over the family cycle
Authors: Goldin Claudia , Kerr Sari Pekkala , Olivetti Claudia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Women earn less than men, and that is especially true of mothers relative to fathers. Much of the widening occurs with family formation. We estimate two earnings and hours gaps: (1) that due to the ‘motherhood penalty’, which is the difference between the earnings and hours of women who are currently mothers and those who are not; and (2) that due to the ‘parental gender gap’, which is the difference in outcomes between mothers and fathers. Women with young children work far fewer hours per week than do others. But what happens on the ‘other side of the mountain’ as the children grow up and eventually leave home? The answer is that women work more hours and transition to higher earning positions. The motherhood penalty is greatly reduced, and by their 50s women with children earn just 7 log points less than those without children, given hours and work experience. But fathers manage to maintain their relative gains and do monumentally better than mothers, women without children and men without children. Fathers earn almost 7 log points more per child regardless of their age, whereas mothers lose 7 log points per child, holding hours of work and work experience constant.
Transfers, taxes and tax credits for those on low incomes: beyond Mirrlees
Authors: Moffitt Robert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
For any given amount of tax revenue obtained from a specific tax, the standard model of economists focuses on the financial incentives in the tax schedule and requires that inevitable and unavoidable trade-offs are made between individuals who receive different levels of tax rates. Increasing the work incentives for one group or in one part of the earnings distribution necessarily requires that those incentives are decreased for some other group or in some other range. But a more attractive set of policy options consists of those that combine these considerations with work programmes drawn from a mix of employment and human capital strategies for different segments of the recipient population. Worth exploring are greater connections between individuals on benefit and the educational sector, sectoral employment and training strategies—including some with conditionality, even if only in a mild form—and other strategies to increase long-run earnings capabilities.
Ethnic and racial inequality in the UK: a comment from a German perspective
Authors: Diehl Claudia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
I discuss findings from the article by Mirza and Warwick from a German perspective and focus on gender differences in labour market inequality, ethnic and racial inequality in tertiary education and the role of discrimination in explaining inequality. With respect to the labour market, what is most puzzling is that members of minority groups experience more upward mobility than comparable natives but are unable to translate this advantage into similar labour market success. In Germany, success in the educational system and on the labour market are closely linked. Findings on tertiary education are more in line with what we see in Germany, namely that members of minority groups are more likely than natives to move on to university but have higher dropout rates. The article’s findings on discrimination reveal that comparatively larger ‘unexplained gaps’ remain in analyses on ethnic and racial inequality, especially for ‘visible’ minority groups, than we see in Germany.
Education inequalities
Authors: Farquharson Christine , McNally Sandra , Tahir Imran 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Education is one of the most important predictors of people's life chances, shaping outcomes like work and pay, health, and wealth. Explaining inequalities in educational outcomes, as well as how wider outcomes vary by education levels, is therefore essential to understanding lifetime inequalities. In this article, we document the changing—and unchanging—nature of educational inequalities in England and their implications for other aspects of social inequalities. We review the evidence on the returns to different types and levels of qualifications; analyse the extent to which the current education system mitigates or perpetuates other dimensions of inequalities, including social background, gender, ethnicity, and geography; and investigate the drivers of educational inequalities during schooling and beyond. Finally, we draw the policy implications of our analysis and set out principles for building a more equal education system.
Technical change, globalization, and the labour market: British and American experience since 1620
Authors: Allen Robert C 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe history of the last four centuries in the UK and USA divides into four phases. Output per worker grew in all of them. Real wages grew on average from 1620 to 1770 and from 1840 to the 1970s. During the Industrial Revolution (1770–1840) and the post-1970 Service Revolution, however, the average real wage was flat and wage inequality increased. Rising real wages in both countries have led to labour-saving technical change. Technical change, structural shifts, and globalization have also led to stagnant wages and increased inequality. British performance has been particularly poor since 1900 and, especially since 1970, as the country has fallen from a high position to the bottom of the west European standings in labour productivity and real wages.
Relational inequality in a (deeply) educationally polarized society: feasible strategies in the longer term
Authors: McNeil Andrew , Soskice David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fifty per cent of young people in the UK will now go on to university. We focus here not so much on the consequent divisive material inequality but on relational and epistemic inequality, the inequality of respect and esteem adversely felt by the less educated. The huge advances in ICT have radically changed workplaces, creating more relational and ICT-intensive environments, in which social skills typically acquired at universities are central. In response to this we envisage an on-going growth in HE participation, the result of which if sufficiently large over time will be the spreading of respect and esteem. But we argue that success depends on a transformation of the HE system in the UK: we need more 2-year vocational colleges (especially in health, care and education), widely located; and we need 3-year degrees and professional schools to teach students to work cooperatively, in a more multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary way.
Private schools and inequality
Authors: Green Francis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Among the significant inequalities within Britain’s school system, the greatest lies in the resources gap and the social segmentation between fee-paying and state schools. Published estimated average effects of attending private schools in Britain on academic performance are modest, but nevertheless significant at each stage of education. Cumulatively, by the end of a school career the private school pupil has gained notably higher qualifications compared with a state school pupil with an observably similar background—enough to ensure a distinct advantage in access to a high-status university, a good job and high pay. These gains add to the educational advantages of growing up with an affluent family background. An unusually high proportion of private school alumni occupy highly influential positions in business, in the judicial system, in the press and in politics. A further financial advantage from private school stems from an increased probability of partnering with a richer spouse. The hallmark of a good school policy for reducing inequality would be one that opens up access to private schools, so that participation is no longer constrained as much by financial background, and diminishes substantially the inequalities between schools’ resources. Feasible reforms are of two kinds: those that would lower parental demand for private schooling, inducing enlargement of the state sector, and those that would directly integrate pupils from the state sector into currently private schools. Currently, bursaries are far too small to make a substantial difference.
Getting the measure of inequality
Authors: Jenkins Stephen P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
I focus on one of the most commonly cited ‘facts’ about UK income inequality—that it has changed little over the last 30 years—and reflect on how robust that description is. I look at a number of fundamental issues in inequality measurement related to inequality concepts (e.g. inequality aversion, relative versus absolute inequality, and inequality of opportunity versus outcome), definitions of ‘income’, the income-receiving unit, and the reference period, and related data issues. There are grounds for arguing that income inequality levels are higher, and the inequality increase over time greater, than conventional approaches indicate.
Health and inequality
Authors: Currie Janet 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Poorer people tend to have worse health and shorter lives than richer ones, which raises the question of whether the relationship is causal. Does bad health lead to economic inequality or vice versa? And is increasing inequality responsible for widening socio-economic disparities in health status? What policies can break these links? This commentary takes the positive relationship between health and income as a given and explores what we know about these questions. I conclude that bad health causes economic inequality, but whether economic inequality harms health depends on the policy environment. There is much that governments can do and have done to improve the health of the poor and flatten the relationship between income, income inequality, and health.
Market power and labour market inequality
Authors: Eeckhout Jan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
I discuss how firms contribute to inequality in the UK as laid out in the article in this collection by De Loecker, Obermeier and Van Reenen. As in other economies around the world, the UK has seen a rise in market power since 1980 leading to an increase in inequality of firm sizes. While firm inequality per se is not harmful, when it is driven by market power, it does have major implications for the labour market. This commentary examines the effect of the firm size distribution and market power on the labour share, declining labour dynamism and wage inequality. I also outline policy responses that reduce inequality and increase economy-wide well-being.
Levelling-up economics
Authors: McCann Philip 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This commentary argues that our awareness of the nature and scale of UK interregional inequalities has only lately begun to develop in a manner which is appropriate, given the scale of the challenge. The UK economics profession across government, business and academia has been slow to understand the gravity of the issue, in comparison to many other OECD countries. Indeed, this intellectual failure reflects a more fundamental failure on the part of the whole UK institutional and governance system, which has evolved, largely for historical and political reasons, into a form that is entirely inappropriate and ineffective for addressing these issues. The problem now is that reforming the system via devolution-related reforms is far more difficult than it otherwise might have been if these issues had been addressed decades earlier, as has been the case in other OECD countries.
Inequalities in disability
Authors: Banks James , Karjalainen Heidi , Waters Tom 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Prevalence of disability and receipt of disability benefits have steadily increased among the UK’s working-age population in recent years. We examine inequalities in disability and its prevalence between educational groups, year of birth cohorts, regions and genders in the UK. Our analysis reveals significant disparities in disability rates across groups. In particular, disability is strongly related to education: those with lower levels of education have similar disability rates to those with degrees who are decades older than them. These gaps in disability rates open up early on in the life cycle, and while the prevalence of poor physical health increases steadily with age, we see the prevalence of poor mental health rising particularly fast among younger cohorts. These patterns in early life may have profound future implications for physical health and longevity. These results suggest that disability may be a key driver of inequalities across the life cycle.