bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure adaptation is linked to thermal adaptation in salt‐saturated marine habitats
Authors: Alcaide María , Stogios Peter J. , Lafraya Álvaro , Tchigvintsev Anatoli , Flick Robert , Bargiela Rafael , Chernikova Tatyana N. , Reva Oleg N. , Hai Tran , Leggewie Christian C. , Katzke Nadine , La Cono Violetta , Matesanz Ruth , Jebbar Mohamed , Jaeger Karl‐Erich , Yakimov Michail M. , Yakunin Alexander F. , Golyshin Peter N. , Golyshina Olga V. , Savchenko Alexei , Ferrer Manuel ,   The MAMBA Consortium
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe present study provides a deeper view of protein functionality as a function of temperature, salt and pressure in deep‐sea habitats. A set of eight different enzymes from five distinct deep‐sea (3040–4908 m depth), moderately warm (14.0–16.5°C) biotopes, characterized by a wide range of salinities (39–348 practical salinity units), were investigated for this purpose. An enzyme from a ‘superficial’ marine hydrothermal habitat (65°C) was isolated and characterized for comparative purposes. We report here the first experimental evidence suggesting that in salt‐saturated deep‐sea habitats, the adaptation to high pressure is linked to high thermal resistance (Pvalue = 0.0036). Salinity might therefore increase the temperature window for enzyme activity, and possibly microbial growth, in deep‐sea habitats. As an example, LakeMedee, the largest hypersaline deep‐sea anoxic lake of theEasternMediterraneanSea, where the water temperature is never higher than 16°C, was shown to contain halopiezophilic‐like enzymes that are most active at 70°C and with denaturing temperatures of 71.4°C. The determination of the crystal structures of five proteins revealed unknown molecular mechanisms involved in protein adaptation to poly‐extremes as well as distinct active site architectures and substrate preferences relative to other structurally characterized enzymes.
Cytochrome c‐based domain modularity governs genus‐level diversification of electron transfer to dissimilatory nitrite reduction
Authors: Aas Finn Erik , Li Xi , Edwards James , Hongrø Solbakken Monica , Deeudom Manu , Vik Åshild , Moir James , Koomey Michael , Aspholm Marina 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe genus
Neisseria contains two pathogenic species (N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae) in addition to a number of commensal species that primarily colonize mucosal surfaces in man. Within the genus, there is considerable diversity and apparent redundancy in the components involved in respiration. Here, we identify a unique c‐type cytochrome (cN) that is broadly distributed among commensal Neisseria, but absent in the pathogenic species. Specifically, cN supports nitrite reduction in N. gonorrhoeae strains lacking the cytochromes c5 and CcoP established to be critical to NirK nitrite reductase activity. The c‐type cytochrome domain of cN shares high sequence identity with those localized c‐terminally in c5 and CcoP and all three domains were shown to donate electrons directly to NirK. Thus, we identify three distinct but paralogous proteins that donate electrons to NirK. We also demonstrate functionality for a N. weaverii NirK variant with a C‐terminal c‐type heme extension. Taken together, modular domain distribution and gene rearrangement events related to these respiratory electron carriers within Neisseria are concordant with major transitions in the macroevolutionary history of the genus. This work emphasizes the importance of denitrification as a selectable trait that may influence speciation and adaptive diversification within this largely host‐restricted bacterial genus.
Microfluidic single‐cell analysis links boundary environments and individual microbial phenotypes
Authors: Dusny Christian , Schmid Andreas 
Published: October 2014

SummaryLife is based on the cell as the elementary replicative and self‐sustaining biological unit. Each single cell constitutes an independent and highly dynamic system with a remarkable individuality in a multitude of physiological traits and responses to environmental fluctuations. However, with traditional population‐based cultivation set‐ups, it is not possible to decouple inherent stochastic processes and extracellular contributions to phenotypic individuality for two central reasons: the lack of environmental control and the occlusion of single‐cell dynamics by the population average. With microfluidic single‐cell analysis as a new cell assay format, these issues can now be addressed, enabling cultivation and time‐resolved analysis of single cells in precisely manipulable extracellular environments beyond the bulk. In this article, we explore the interplay of cellular physiology and environment at a single‐cell level. We review biological basics that govern the functional state of the cell and put them in context with physical fundamentals that shape the extracellular environment. Furthermore, the significance of single‐cell growth rates as pivotal descriptors for global cellular physiology is discussed and highlighted by selected studies. These examples illustrate the unique opportunities of microfluidic single‐cell cultivation in combination with growth rate analysis, addressing questions of fundamental bio(techno)logical interest.
Family therapy for an Internet‐addicted young adult with interpersonal problems
Authors: Park Tai Young , Kim Sunhee , Lee Jieha 
Published: October 2014

This qualitative case study examined the effectiveness of treating an Internet‐addicted young adult suffering from interpersonal problems based on the Mental Research Institute (MRI) interactional model and Murray Bowen's family systems theory. We analysed the data with a consistent comparative analysis method as well as utilizing Miles and Huberman's matrix and network. We determined that the characteristics of the parents’ family of origin and dysfunctional communication pattern were factors associated with the interpersonal problems revealed by the Internet‐addicted young adult. Factors that influenced problem‐solving consisted of the awareness of the relationship between the family of origin and presenting problems, improved communication among family members and overcoming the young adult's resistance. The findings of this study reveal that both the MRI model and Bowen's family systems theory were effective treatments for an Internet‐addicted young adult with interpersonal problems.Practitioner points
An extensive analysis of family‐of‐origin problems and communication patterns might be beneficial in treating an Internet‐addicted young adult with interpersonal problems.
Treatment outcomes will be enhanced if the therapist is aware of the relationship between the family of origin and the nuclear family.
Functional and sincere conversation between parent and child is imperative to ameliorate risks involved with Internet addiction.
Thematic review of family therapy journals in 2013
Authors: Carr Alan 
Published: October 2014

In this article the contents of the principal English‐language family therapy journals and key family therapy articles published in other journals in 2013 are reviewed under these headings: models of family therapy, developments in family therapy practice, couple therapy, training, diversity, international developments, research and DSM‐5.Practitioner points
Ecosystemic structural family therapy, FFT, MST, MDFT and other traditional systemic approaches, with recent adaptations, may be helpful for an increasing range of populations.
Developments in research and practice support the value of father involvement in systemic therapy, conducting family therapy in medical settings and using family therapy to treat adolescent eating disorders.
The integration of mindfulness into couple therapy, and new approaches to addressing infidelity are important developments to consider in treating couples.
Breastfeeding and pelvic girdle pain: a follow‐up study of 10 603 women 18 months after delivery
Authors: Bjelland E. K. , Owe K. M. , Stuge B , Vangen S , Eberhard‐Gran M 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo study the associations of patterns and duration of breastfeeding with the persistence of pelvic girdle pain 18 months after delivery.DesignLongitudinal population study.SettingNorway, for the period 1999–2011.PopulationA follow‐up of 10 603 women with singleton deliveries in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study who reported pelvic girdle pain at 0–3 months postpartum.MethodsData were obtained by four self‐administered questionnaires and linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.Main outcome measurePelvic girdle pain, defined as combined anterior and bilateral posterior pelvic pain, 18 months after delivery.ResultsEighteen months after delivery, 7.8% of respondents (829/10 603) reported pelvic girdle pain. Breastfeeding patterns at 5 months after delivery were not associated with persistence of pelvic girdle pain. The proportion of women with pelvic girdle pain 18 months after delivery increased as the duration of breastfeeding decreased (test for trend, P < 0.001). The estimated associations attenuated after adjustment for educational level, smoking status, and body mass index, but remained statistically significant for the association between 0 and 2 months of breastfeeding and persistent pelvic girdle pain (adjusted odds ratio 1.34; 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.75). The association of short breastfeeding duration with persistent pelvic girdle pain was only present in women with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2.ConclusionsBreastfeeding was associated with a small beneficial effect on the recovery process of pelvic girdle pain in women with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Among women with pelvic girdle pain, breastfeeding should be encouraged in accordance with the existing child‐feeding recommendations.
Stability of Whey Proteins during Thermal Processing: A Review
Authors: Wijayanti Heni B. , Bansal Nidhi , Deeth Hilton C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWhey proteins have many benefits due to their high nutritional value and their various applications in food products. A drawback of whey proteins is their instability to thermal processing, which leads to their denaturation, aggregation, and, under some conditions, gelation. As thermal processing is a major treatment in the processing of milk and milk products, its influence on whey proteins has been extensively studied. Understanding the mechanisms involved during each stage of denaturation and aggregation of whey proteins is critical to devising ways of improving their stability. These aspects are reviewed in this paper. Also covered are approaches to preventing or reducing heat‐induced aggregation of whey proteins. Inhibition of aggregate formation has considerable potential for alleviating the problems that arise from the instability of whey proteins.
Is primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum a truly benign entity?
Authors: Lee Sang Cjeol , Lee Deok Heon , Kim Gun‐Jik 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the benignancy of primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum (PSP), and to establish an appropriate management strategy.MethodsPatients diagnosed with PSP between January 2003 and December 2013 were analysed retrospectively. From January 2013 onwards, a simplified protocol, with consensus for the management of PSP, was applied in our hospital.ResultsIn total, 37 patients were identified as having PSP during the study period. Among them, 27 were enrolled prior to applying the new protocol. Among these patients, extra diagnostic tests, in addition to chest radiography (CXR) and chest computed tomography (CT), were performed in 15 patients (55.5%). In the pre‐protocol decade, a total of 15 patients (55.5%) were initially fasted and 16 (59.3%) were administered antibiotics. Mean hospital stay was 2.9 days (range, 0–5 days). No patient developed complications during the hospital stay and outpatient follow up. Since the revised protocol was in practical use, 10 consecutive patients with PSP were enrolled and reviewed. No additional diagnostic imaging studies or procedures (except for CXR and chest CT) were performed in these patients; furthermore, diet was not restricted and prophylactic antibiotics were not prescribed. Mean hospital stay was 14.5 h (range, 1–34 h). No complications were observed in any of the patients.ConclusionsOur management protocol (i.e. routine check of chest CT without any additional diagnostic tests, no special treatment, and early discharge with short‐term follow up) may be safe and feasible for the treatment of PSP.
Systemic matrix metalloproteinase‐8 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 levels in severe sepsis‐associated coagulopathy
Authors: SIVULA M. , HÄSTBACKA J. , KUITUNEN A. , LASSILA R. , TERVAHARTIALA T. , SORSA T. , PETTILÄ V. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundMatrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1) have recently been suggested to be involved in coagulation process. Our objectives were to observe systemic MMP‐8 and TIMP‐1 levels in patients with severe sepsis with or without disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and to study their relationship with coagulation markers over time.MethodsOur prospective pilot study included 22 patients with severe sepsis, nine (41%) of whom had overt DIC. We analysed MMP‐8 and TIMP‐1 serum concentrations by time‐resolved immunofluorometric and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, respectively, on days 1, 2, 4 and 7 after the intensive care unit admission. Traditional coagulation tests were taken at the same time points. The results were compared between patients with and without DIC. Blood samples from 10 healthy volunteers were used to demonstrate normal levels.ResultsBoth patient groups had elevated levels of MMP‐8 and TIMP‐1 as compared with healthy controls. TIMP‐1 concentration was almost twofold in DIC patients compared with those without DIC on the first 2 days. MMP‐8 was elevated only on day 2. TIMP‐1 correlated positively with the severity of coagulation disturbance and with disease severity scores. MMP‐8 correlated negatively only with platelet count.ConclusionIn this first human study, we could show that TIMP‐1 is elevated in the early phase of sepsis‐induced overt DIC, and it correlates both with degree of coagulopathy and disease severity. These findings suggest that TIMP‐1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of DIC in septic patients.
Does small‐dose fentanyl improve perioperative outcomes in the ambulatory setting? A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: WHITE P. F. , ELVIR‐LAZO O. L. , ZAENTZ A. S. , KARIGER R. , YUMUL R. , KHANY M. M. , STERN A. , VUONG M. , WENDER R. H. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundDespite its widespread use, the beneficial effect of low‐dose fentanyl administered at induction of anesthesia on perioperative outcomes has not been studied in the ambulatory setting. Therefore, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that administration of small‐dose fentanyl vs. saline during induction reduces coughing and movements without adversely affecting recovery after day‐surgery.MethodsOne hundred consenting outpatients scheduled to undergo superficial surgical procedures under general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) device for airway management were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: control (n = 50) or fentanyl (n = 50). After administration of 2 ml of the unlabelled study medication containing either fentanyl (100 μg) or saline, anesthesia was induced with lidocaine 30–50 mg and propofol 2 mg/kg IV followed by the insertion of an LMA device. General anesthesia was maintained using a propofol infusion, 75 μg/kg/min, and desflurane (2–5% end‐tidal) in 100% oxygen.ResultsCoughing was observed in six (12%) and ten (20%) in the fentanyl and control group, respectively (P = 0.41). The incidence of movements during surgery was lower in the fentanyl group (18% vs. 31%, P < 0001). There were no significant differences in early and late recovery times or pain scores between the two groups.ConclusionAdministration of a small‐dose of fentanyl at induction of anesthesia significantly reduced purposeful movements during day‐surgery under propofol‐desflurane anesthesia. No significant difference was found in coughing or recovery times.
Occurrence and impact of xerostomia among dentate adult New Zealanders: findings from a national survey
Authors: Benn AML , Broadbent JM , Thomson WM 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the prevalence, associations and impact of xerostomia in a nationally representative sample of dentate adult community‐dwelling New Zealanders aged 18 years and over.MethodsThe data were collected from a representative sample of 2209 adults, as part of the 2009 New Zealand Oral Health Survey (NZOHS). Data were collected using face‐to‐face interviews, dental examinations and the short‐form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14). Data analysis used appropriate weighting for all procedures to account for the complex survey design.ResultsThe overall prevalence estimate for xerostomia was 13.1% (95% CI 11.7, 14.7), and it was more common among females. Those in the 75+ and 25–34 age groups were more likely (odds ratios of 6.5 and 4.0, respectively) to have xerostomia. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and clinical oral disease, the mean OHIP‐14 score among xerostomics was 50% higher than among those who did not have the condition.ConclusionsThese data indicate that xerostomia is a common condition which can affect quality of life among people of all ages.
Effect of QMix irrigant on the microhardness of root canal dentine
Authors: Kara Tuncer A , Tuncer S , Siso SH 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of QMix, EDTA + CHX, EDTA + NaOCl and maleic acid on the microhardness of root canal dentine.MethodsForty recently extracted human maxillary canine teeth were longitudinally sectioned into 80 segments and then embedded in an autopolymerizing acrylic resin. The microhardness of the dentine in the specimen was measured with a Vickers diamond indenter at the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the roots. Finally, the specimens were divided randomly into four groups: 17% EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl; 17% EDTA + 2% CHX; QMix; and 7% maleic acid. Post‐treatment microhardness values were obtained and the decrease in microhardness was calculated as a percentage. Microhardness values were statistically analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests.ResultsMaleic acid significantly decreased microhardness in all regions, compared to the other groups. In the coronal and middle regions, there was no significant difference among the other groups. In the apical region, there was no significant difference between QMix and 17% EDTA + 2% CHX but these groups presented significant dentine microhardness reduction compared to the 17% EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl group.ConclusionsWhile maleic acid showed the greatest reduction in dentine microhardness, it was found that QMix, 17% EDTA + 2% CHX and 17% EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl cause the same reduction in the microhardness of root canal dentine in the coronal and middle regions.
The response of patients with bile acid diarrhoea to the farnesoid X receptor agonist obeticholic acid
Authors: Walters J. R. F. , Johnston I. M. , Nolan J. D. , Vassie C. , Pruzanski M. E. , Shapiro D. A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundBile acid diarrhoea is a common cause of chronic diarrhoea, occurring as a primary condition or secondary to ileal disease or resection. Many patients have reduced levels of the ileal hormone fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), an inhibitory regulator of hepatic bile acid synthesis, secreted in response to farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation.AimTo investigate whether obeticholic acid, a potent FXR agonist, could increase FGF19 in patients with bile acid diarrhoea, and produce clinical benefits.MethodsAfter a 2 week run‐in when bile acid sequestrants were discontinued, patients with previously diagnosed primary bile acid diarrhoea (n = 10), secondary bile acid diarrhoea (n = 10) or idiopathic chronic diarrhoea (n = 8), received oral obeticholic acid 25 mg daily for 2 weeks. Serum FGF19, total bile acids and 7α‐OH‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one (C4) were measured, symptoms recorded and a diarrhoea index calculated.ResultsIn primary bile acid diarrhoea, obeticholic acid increased median fasting FGF19 (133–237 pg/mL, P = 0.007) and significantly reduced fasting C4 and bile acid responses. Improvements occurred in median stool frequency (−24% after 2 weeks treatment, P = 0.03), stool form (−14%, P = 0.05) and diarrhoea index (−34%, P = 0.005). In the secondary bile acid diarrhoea group, significant clinical improvements were found predominantly in patients with shorter ileal resections. Symptoms of abdominal pain and urgency improved. FGF19 and bile acids changed in the control group, without significant clinical improvement. Total and LDL‐cholesterol increased and triglycerides decreased. Obeticholic acid treatment was well tolerated.ConclusionsThis proof‐of‐concept study indicates that obeticholic acid stimulates FGF19, reduces bile acid synthesis and produces clinical benefits in bile acid diarrhoea. FXR agonists have therapeutic potential in chronic diarrhoea. EudraCT 2011‐003777‐28; Clinical Trials: NCT01585025
Impact of source data verification on data quality in clinical trials: an empirical post hoc analysis of three phase 3 randomized clinical trials
Authors: Andersen Jeppe Ragnar , Byrjalsen Inger , Bihlet Asger , Kalakou Faidra , Hoeck Hans Christian , Hansen Gitte , Hansen Henrik Bo , Karsdal Morten Asser , Riis Bente Juel 
Published: October 2014

AimThe aim of this project was to perform an empirical evaluation of the impact of on site source data verification (SDV) on the data quality in a clinical trial database to guide an informed decision on selection of the monitoring approach.MethodsWe used data from three randomized phase III trials monitored with a combination of complete SDV or partial SDV. After database lock, individual subject data were extracted from the clinical database and subjected to post hoc complete SDV. Error rates were calculated with focus on the degree of on study monitoring and relevance and analyzed for potential impact on end points.ResultsData from a total of 2566 subjects including more than 3 million data fields were 100% source data verified post hoc. An overall error rate of 0.45% was found. No sites had 0% errors. 100% SDV yielded an error rate of 0.27% as compared with partial SDV having an error rate of 0.53% (P < 0.0001). Comparing partly and fully monitored subjects, minor differences were identified between variables of major importance to efficacy or safety.ConclusionsThe findings challenge the notion that a 0% error rate is obtainable with on site monitoring. Data indicate consistently low error rates across the three trials analyzed. The use of complete vs. partial SDV offers a marginal absolute error rate reduction of 0.26%, i.e. a need to perform complete SDV of about 370 data points to avoid one unspecified error and does not support complete SDV as a means of providing meaningful improvements in data accuracy.
The animate–inanimate distinction in preschool children
Authors: Wright Kristyn , Poulin‐Dubois Diane , Kelley Elizabeth 
Published: October 2014

This study examined the development of the animate–inanimate (A–I) distinction in relation to other taxonomic categories in early childhood. Four‐ and 5‐year‐old children were administered two tasks measuring knowledge of taxonomic categories at various levels of inclusiveness. Across both matching‐to‐sample and object sorting tasks, the same pattern of categorization development was observed. Mastery of basic‐ and superordinate‐level categories was demonstrated by 4 years of age. Although 5‐year‐old children performed above chance on A–I level categories, their abilities were not as mature as those of adults. Results of this study support and extend previous studies investigating the development of children's understanding of naïve biology during the preschool years.