bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tarsodermal Suture Fixation Preceding Redundant Skin Excision: A Modified Non-Incisional Upper Blepharoplasty Method for Elderly Patients
Authors: Yoon Hong Sang , Park Bo Young , Oh Kap Sung 
Published: July 2014

Background Non-incisional blepharoplasty is a simple, less invasive method for creating a more natural-appearing double eyelid than classical incisional blepharoplasty. However, in aging patients, non-incisional blepharoplasty is not effective due to more severe blepharochalasis. Traditionally, incisional blepharoplasty is a common surgical method used for older patients, but blepharoplasty in elderly patients typically results in prolonged recovery times, and final blepharoplasty lines may be located in unintended or asymmetrical positions. Here, we introduce a new modified combination technique for geriatric blepharoplasty.
Methods A total of ten patients were treated from July 2010 through July 2012 using the combination method. First, we performed non-incisional blepharoplasty using tarsodermal fixation. Then, incisional blepharoplasty with additional elliptical excision of the upper eyelid skin was performed. We removed pretarsal tissue, fat, the orbicularis oculi muscle, and orbital fat. Telephone surveys were administered to all patients for follow-up. The questionnaire was composed of eight questions that addressed recurrence and satisfaction with aesthetics and the procedure.
Results A total of nine patients (90%) responded to the telephone survey. All cases of moderate to severe blepharochalasia were corrected and there were no major complications. Patients who underwent blepharoplasty had higher satisfaction scores. All patients were satisfied with the postoperative shapes of their eyelids.
Conclusions The advantages of the proposed technique include: ease of obtaining a natural-looking fold with symmetry at the desired point; reproducible methods that require short operation times; fast postoperative recovery that results in a natural-appearing double-eyelid line; and high patient satisfaction.
Color Doppler Imaging Analysis of Retrobulbar Blood Flow Velocities in Diabetic Patients Without or With Retinopathy
Authors: Meng Nana , Liu Jing , Zhang Yue , Ma Jinlan , Li Hao , Qu Yi 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo analyze hemodynamic changes in retrobulbar blood vessels using color Doppler imaging in diabetic patients without or with retinopathy.MethodsPertinent publications were retrieved from 3 databases. Changes in peak systolic velocity (PSV), end‐diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI) of the ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery, and short posterior ciliary artery of diabetic eyes without or with retinopathy and healthy controls were evaluated by color Doppler imaging. Comparisons were conducted in 3 groups: group 1, no retinopathy versus control; group 2, retinopathy versus control; and group 3, no retinopathy versus retinopathy.ResultsIn group 1, eyes without retinopathy had a significant increase in ophthalmic artery PSV (P = .002), with no heterogeneity (Pheterogeneity = 0.09; inconsistency index [I2] = 46%); however, significant reductions in central renal artery PSV and EDV were shown (P = .002; P = .007, respectively), with significant heterogeneity (Pheterogeneity < .00001; I2 = 85%; Pheterogeneity = .008, I2 = 68%). A significant increase in ophthalmic artery RI (P = .02) was found in eyes without retinopathy, with heterogeneity (Pheterogeneity = .0009; I2 = 74%). In group 2, central retinal artery PSV and EDV in eyes with retinopathy decreased significantly (P < 0.00001). Similar results were found for ophthalmic and short posterior ciliary artery EDVs (P= .0003; P< .00001). Ophthalmic artery RI was significantly higher in eyes with retinopathy than controls (P = .0008), with heterogeneity (Pheterogeneity < .00001; I2 = 84%). In group 3, ophthalmic artery PSV was lower in eyes with retinopathy (P= .04) than eyes without, and central retinal artery PSV and EDV decreased significantly (P = .004; P < .00001) in eyes with retinopathy compared to eyes without. Differences in ophthalmic and central retinal artery RIs were also found in eyes with retinopathy (P = .05; P < .00001).ConclusionsSignificant changes in retrobulbar blood flow were found in eyes without and with diabetic retinopathy, especially those with retinopathy.
Increased Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness on Transthoracic Echocardiography in Patients With Behçet Disease
Authors: Taşolar Hakan , Taşolar Sevgi , Kurtuluş Duygu , Altun Burak , Bayramoğlu Adil , Otlu Yılmaz Ömür , Ballı Mehmet , Çetin Mustafa , Altunışık Nihal , Kapıcıoğlu Yelda , Pekdemir Hasan 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesOwing to the fact that the potential frequency of endothelial dysfunction and early atherosclerosis might be higher in Behçet disease, characterized by acute and chronic inflammatory attacks, it may lead to impairment in flow‐mediated dilatation and an increase in epicardial adipose tissue thickness. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether epicardial adipose tissue thickness and brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation as markers of early atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction were associated with Behçet disease.MethodsThirty‐five patients with Behçet disease and 35 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Epicardial adipose tissue was identified as an anechoic space between epicardial layers on 2‐dimensional images, and its thickness was measured on the free wall of the right ventricle. Right brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation was assessed according to recent guidelines.ResultsSerum γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels and epicardial adipose tissue thickness were significantly higher (P = .001; P < .001 respectively), whereas flow‐mediated, endothelium‐dependent dilatation was significantly lower in the Behçet disease group than controls (P < .001). There was a significant negative association between epicardial adipose tissue thickness and flow‐mediated dilatation (P < .001). Epicardial adipose tissue thickness was also positively correlated with Behçet disease activity (P< .001), Behçet disease duration (P< .001), and waist circumference (P< .001). Flow‐mediated dilatation was negatively correlated with GGT (P< .001), Behçet disease activity (P< .001), and age (P< .001). There was also a significant association between GGT and Behçet disease activity (P < .001).ConclusionsWe found that epicardial adipose tissue thickness was significantly higher and flow‐mediated dilatation was significantly lower in patients with Behçet disease than in controls. We suggest that identification of increased epicardial adipose tissue might aid in the diagnosis and treatment of possible coronary artery disease in patients with Behçet disease.
Cardiac Sonography by the Neonatologist
Authors: Sehgal Arvind , Mehta Shailender , Evans Nick , McNamara Patrick J. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesClinicians are increasingly using cardiac sonography in clinical practice. The objectives of this study were to assess the current state of clinician‐performed cardiac sonography practice in the Australia–New Zealand region, with particular reference to the scope of clinical practice and type of training offered.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional survey was conducted, and an electronic Web‐based questionnaire was e‐mailed to neonatologists and advanced trainees in the region. Information was collected on respondents (demographics, clinician‐performed cardiac sonography experience, and opinions), equipment use, and training frameworks. Main outcome measures ascertained were clinical use and educational perspectives.ResultsThe overall survey response rate was 64% (113 of 176). Eighty‐five percent of respondents reported that clinician‐performed cardiac sonography was performed in their units, most commonly to use the physiologic information obtained in conjunction with clinical information to refine decision making. The most common clinical indication was evaluation of a hemodynamically relevant ductus arteriosus. A dedicated echocardiographic machine was available to 80% of respondents. Most respondents reported “self‐directed” learning as the most common method of training. More than 85% of respondents reported having access to either on‐site or off‐site pediatric cardiology services.ConclusionsWidespread availability and use of clinician‐performed cardiac sonography in units across the Australia–New Zealand region was noted. The need for a structured training program was identified.
Focal Fatty Sparing Usually Does Not Arise in Preexisting Nonalcoholic Diffuse Homogeneous Fatty Liver
Authors: Wu Size , Tu Rong , Liu Guangqing , Huang Li , Guan Ying , Zheng Enhai 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether focal fatty sparing can arise in preexisting nonalcoholic diffuse homogeneous fatty liver and its clinical implications.MethodsThis prospective study consisted of 2 parts. In the first part, 8598 people (5202 men and 3396 women; mean age ± SD, 43.4 ± 28.3 years; range, 18–82 years) were consecutively evaluated with sonography for abnormal liver findings; in the second part, participants with diffuse homogeneous fatty liver were followed over approximately 3 years. Sonographic findings of the participants in the first year and findings of the participants with diffuse homogeneous fatty liver in the first and third years were analyzed.ResultsIn the first part, 778 of 8598 participants (9.05%) were found to have fatty liver, including 752 cases of nonalcoholic diffuse fatty liver (8.75%) and 26 cases of alcoholic fatty liver (0.30%). Of the 752 cases of nonalcoholic diffuse fatty liver, 301 participants had nonalcoholic diffuse homogeneous fatty liver, and 68 (9.04%) had focal fatty sparing. In the second part, the 301 participants with nonalcoholic diffuse homogeneous fatty liver (205 men and 96 women; mean age, 39.6 ± 10.4 years; range, 18–60 years) were followed. In the third year, 2 cases of fatty liver (0.67%) had resolved, 2 cases (0.67%) had inflammatory pseudotumors, and no focal fatty sparing was found (P < .001).ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that focal fatty sparing usually does not arise in preexisting nonalcoholic diffuse homogeneous fatty liver, and a newly emerging abnormality is more likely a true lesion.
Use of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography to Diagnose Acute Pancreatitis at Hospital Admission
Authors: Göya Cemil , Hamidi Cihad , Hattapoğlu Salih , Çetinçakmak Mehmet Güli , Teke Memik , Degirmenci Mehmet Serdar , Kaya Muhsin , Bilici Aslan 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo compare the diagnostic success rate of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography with those of sonography and computed tomography (CT) for acute pancreatitis at hospital admission.MethodsB‐mode sonography and ARFI elastography were performed on 88 patients with symptoms of acute pancreatitis and 50 healthy control participants who were admitted to our hospital between February 2013 and July 2013. Acute pancreatitis was verified in the 88 patients based on clinical and laboratory findings. Computed tomography was performed on 41 patients, and the CT results from these patients were compared with those of ARFI elastography. The appearances of the pancreases of the patients were classified into 6 groups using visual color encodings obtained with ARFI elastography. The elasticity values of pancreatic head, body, and tail regions were evaluated with Virtual Touch imaging and Virtual Touch tissue quantification (Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA). The success rates of sonography, CT, and ARFI elastography for diagnosing acute pancreatitis at hospital admission were compared.ResultsForty‐six of the 88 patients had a diagnosis of pancreatitis by B‐mode sonography; pancreatitis was diagnosed in all patients by ARFI elastography; and 10 of 41 patients could not be diagnosed by CT. The sensitivity and specificity of Virtual Touch tissue quantification were 100% and 98%, respectively, when a cutoff value of 1.63 m/s was used. The control group had color scores of 1 or 2, whereas all patients with pancreatitis had color scores of 3 to 6 on color scale evaluation with Virtual Touch imaging.ConclusionsAcoustic radiation force impulse elastography is a rapid, radiation‐free, and noninvasive tool for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis at initial hospital admission, with a higher success rate for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis than the grayscale sonography and CT.
Sonographically Guided Distal Biceps Tendon Injections
Authors: Sellon Jacob L. , Wempe Michael K. , Smith Jay 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesThe primary purpose of this investigation was to describe and validate sonographically guided techniques for distal biceps peritendinous/intratendinous injections using a cadaveric model.MethodsA single experienced operator completed 18 sonographically guided distal biceps peritendinous injections and 15 sonographically guided distal biceps intratendinous injections in 18 unembalmed cadaveric elbow specimens (11 male and 7 female; age, 53–100 years; body mass index, 19.4–42.2 kg/m2). Four different peritendinous approaches were used to inject 3 mL of diluted yellow latex: (1) anterior/superficial, (2) posterior/superficial, (3) posterior/deep/short‐axis (to the distal biceps tendon), and (4) posterior/deep/long‐axis (to the distal biceps tendon). Three different intratendinous approaches were used to inject 1 mL of diluted blue latex: (1) anterior, (2) anterior/pronator window, and (3) posterior. The feasibility of all 7 injections was assessed by the operator in all specimens, and execution difficulty was recorded after each injection. Specimens were subsequently dissected to assess injectate placement.ResultsAll 18 peritendinous distal biceps tendon injections accurately placed latex around the tendon without injecting into the tendon proper. All posterior/superficial peritendinous injections delivered injectate to the ulnar side of the tendon. All posterior/deep peritendinous injections delivered injectate to the radial side of the tendon, with the long‐axis approach being technically easier than the short‐axis approach. Anterior/superficial peritendinous injections delivered injectate predominantly to the anterior side of the tendon and resulted in 1 brachial artery injury. All but 1 of 15 distal biceps intratendinous injections (93%) accurately placed injectate into the tendon proper, with 1 of 5 anterior injections delivering injectate primarily deep to the paratenon. The posterior intratendinous approach was technically the easiest. No intratendinous injection resulted in neurovascular injury.ConclusionsSonographically guided distal biceps peritendinous/intratendinous injections are feasible and therefore may play a role in the management of patients presenting with distal biceps tendinopathy/bursopathy.
Investigation of the current collected by a positively biased satellite with application to electrodynamic tethers
Authors: Janeski John A. , Scales Wayne A. , Hall Christopher D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe interaction between a positively biased body traveling through an ionospheric space plasma has direct application to electrodynamic tether (EDT) systems. A 2‐D3v particle‐in‐cell model has been developed to study the plasma dynamics near a positively charged EDT system end‐body and their impact on the current collected. The results show that the azimuthal current structures observed during the reflight of the tethered satellite system (TSS‐1R) mission develop in the simulations and are found to enhance the current collected by the satellite by 67% when the magnetic field is ∼15° off of perpendicular to the orbital velocity. As the component of the magnetic field in the simulation's plane increases, the electrons are not able to easily cross the field lines causing plasma lobes to form in the +y and −y regions around the satellite. The lobes limit the current arriving at the satellite and also cause an enhanced wake to develop. A high satellite bias causes a stable bow shock structure to form in the ram region of the satellite, which limits the number of electrons entering the sheath region and thus limits the current collected. Electron‐neutral collisions are found to destabilize the bow shock structure, and its current limiting effects were negated. Analytical curve fits based on the simulations are presented in order to characterize the dependence of the current collected on the magnetic field's orientation, space plasma magnetization, and satellite potential. The variations in the collected current induced by space plasma environmental changes may introduce new instabilities in an EDT system's dynamics.
A test for whether or not Voyager 1 has crossed the heliopause
Authors: Gloeckler G. , Fisk L. A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Voyager 1 spacecraft is currently in the vicinity of the heliopause, which separates the heliosphere from the local interstellar medium. There has been a precipitous decrease in particles accelerated in the heliosphere and a substantial increase in galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). The evidence is unclear, however, as to whether Voyager 1 has crossed the heliopause into the local interstellar medium or remains within the heliosheath. In this Letter we propose a test that will determine whether Voyager 1 has crossed the heliopause: If Voyager 1 remains in the heliosheath, the high densities observed must be due to compressed solar wind, with the consequence that Voyager 1 will encounter another current sheet, where the polarity of the magnetic field reverses. Voyager 1 observations can be used to predict that the next current sheet crossing is likely to occur during 2015.
Geomagnetic lunar and solar daily variations during the last 100 years
Authors: Yamazaki Y. , Kosch M. J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper describes long‐term changes in the geomagnetic lunar (L) and solar (S) daily variations. We analyze the eastward component of the geomagnetic field observed at eight midlatitude stations during 1903–2012. The amplitude and phase for the semidiurnal component of the L and S variations are examined. Both L and S amplitudes correlate with the solar activity index F10.7, revealing a prominent 11 year solar cycle. In both cases, the correlation is slightly better with than F10.7. The sensitivity of the L variation to solar activity is comparable with that of the S variation. The solar cycle effect is also found in the phase of the S variation but not apparent in the phase of the L variation. The ratio in the amplitude of the L to S variation shows a long‐term decrease (approximately 10% per century), which may be due to a reduction in lunar tidal waves from the lower atmosphere to the upper atmosphere in association with climate change.
Local‐ and field‐scale stochastic‐advective vertical solute transport in horizontally heterogeneous unsaturated soils
Authors: Ojha Richa , Prakash A. , Govindaraju Rao S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDescription of field‐scale solute transport in unsaturated soils is essential for assessing the degree of contamination, estimating fluxes past a control plane and for designing remedial measures. The flow field is usually described by numerical solution of the Richards equation followed by numerical solution of the advection‐dispersion equation to describe contaminant movement. These numerical solutions are highly complex, and do not provide the insights that are possible from simpler analytical representations. In this study, analytical solutions at the local scale are developed to describe purely advective vertical transport of a conservative solute along the principle characteristic of the flow field. Local‐scale model development is simplified by using a sharp‐front approximation for water movement. These local solutions are then upscaled to field‐scale solute transport by adopting a lognormally distributed horizontal hydraulic conductivity field to represent the natural heterogeneity observed in field soils. Analytical expressions are developed for the mean behavior of solute transport at the field scale. Comparisons with experimental observations find that trends of field‐scale solute behavior are reasonably reproduced by the model. The accuracy of the proposed solution improves with increasing spatial variability in the hydraulic conductivity as revealed by further comparisons with numerical results of the Richards equation‐based field‐scale solute movement. In some cases, the sharp‐front approximation may lead to anomalous field‐scale behavior depending on the role of pre and postponded conditions in the field, and this limitation is discussed. The proposed method shows promise for describing field‐scale solute movement in loamy sand and sandy loam soils.
Modeling of Pressure‐Induced Melt Removal Melting in Vane Extruder for Polymer Processing
Authors: Liu Huanyu , Luo Yue , Zhang Guizhen , Chen Jiajia , Yang Zhitao , Qu Jinping 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe assembled vane extruder with seven groups of vane plasticizing and conveying units (VPCUs) was designed to study the melting phenomenon and mechanisms in vane extruder. There were two melting stages during the melting process, including the solid‐rich melting stage and the melt‐rich melting stage, and there were no obvious boundaries between the solids and melts. The pressure‐induced melt removal melting was the dominant melting mechanism in the solid‐rich stage. The theoretical model of the pressure‐induced melt removal mechanism was established. The melting percentage was defined to evaluate the boundaries between the solid‐rich melting stage and melt‐rich melting stage. The melting percentage is proportional to a three‐quarters power of the temperature at stator's inner surface, a quarter power of solids’ pressure, as well as inversely proportional to the rotating speed of rotor. By comparing theoretical calculations with experimental measurements of the melting percentage of material low‐density polyethylene extruded by the first VPCU, it was indicated that the theoretical model and experimental measurements were consistent with the same tendency.
Kinematics and spatiotemporal parameters of infant‐carrying in olive baboons
Authors: Anvari Zohreh , Berillon Gilles , Asgari Khaneghah Asghar , Grimaud‐Herve Dominique , Moulin Valérie , Nicolas Guillaume 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn the field of biomechanics of quadrupedal locomotion in primates, infant‐carrying has received little attention. This study presents the first biomechanical study of infant‐carrying in captive female olive baboons (Papio anubis). We test whether females carrying infants conform 1) to the Support Polygon Model (Rollinson and Martin: Symp Zool Soc Lond 48 (1981) 377–427) of gait selection, according to which diagonality should decrease when the infant is carried cranially and increase when the infant is carried dorsally and caudally; 2) to Biewener's (Biewener: Science 245 () 45–48) theory of limb postures, according to which females should extend their hind limbs more due to infant load, especially in the later stages when the infant is not fully autonomous but relatively heavy. This study focuses on the sagittal kinematics of quadrupedal gaits (joint angles and spatiotemporal parameters) of four females with and without infant loads at the CNRS Primatology Station (France). High‐speed video recordings were made using the technical platform “Motion Analysis of Primates” available in the animals' place of life. Regarding diagonality, our results do not fully conform to those predicted by the Support Polygon Model of gait selection; however, the model cannot be rejected at this stage in experiment. With regard to limb posture, our results do not support Biewener's (Biewener: Science 245 () 45–48) theory: loaded females do not extend their hind limbs more as predicted; on the contrary, the hind limbs tend to be more flexed when the infant they carry is relatively heavy. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:392–404, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.