bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative clause attachment in Mandarin Chinese: insights from classifier-noun agreement
Authors: Liu Fengming , Lin Chien-Jer Charles 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPrevious studies have shown that relative clause (RC) attachment preferences vary across languages, often influenced by factors like morphosyntactic agreement (e.g., number and gender). Mandarin Chinese, with its limited inflectional morphemes compared to Indo-European languages, provides a distinct context for examining this. This study explores relative clause attachment ambiguity in Mandarin by manipulating classifier-noun agreement.MethodThis study conducted two self-paced reading experiments to investigate the influence of an initial classifier on comprehenders' anticipation of its associated noun and the impact of this prediction on RC attachment preferences in Mandarin Chinese.ResultsExperiment 1 revealed a significant effect of classifier-noun agreement in offline comprehension: there was an increase in selecting the high-attachment noun (NPhigh) as the RC attachment site when the classifier agreed with NPhigh, whereas there was a decrease in selecting NPhigh when the classifier agreed with the low-attachment noun (NPlow). Online processing results supported this effect, showing that classifiers guide comprehenders' expectations by pre-activating semantic features of the upcoming noun, thus modulating RC attachment preferences. Experiment 2 introduced semantic compatibility between the RC and potential attachment nouns as an additional disambiguating cue, revealing a reliable prediction effect for the upcoming noun. Although the classifier's prediction effect was diminished, it remained influential in this condition.DiscussionThis study highlights the complexity of relative clause attachment in Mandarin, demonstrating the significant predictive roles of classifier-noun agreement and semantic compatibility.
Fibromyalgia in patients infected with HTLV-1 and HTLV-2
Authors: Inomata Silva Bianca Lumi , da Cunha Rodrigues Francisco Erivan , Tsukimata Márcio Yutaka , Botelho Bruno José Sarmento , Santos Luciana Cristina Coelho , dos Santos Pereira Neto Gabriel , Lima Aline Cecy Rocha , André Natália Pinheiro , Galdino Sarah Marques , Monteiro Danniele Chagas , Yoshikawa Gilberto Toshimitsu , Mendonça Leonardo Teixeira , do Amaral Juliana Lasmar Ayres , de Britto Pereira Cruz Rosana , Onuma Débora Oliveira , Vallinoto Antonio Carlos Rosário , de Carvalho Klemz Bárbara Nascimento , Vallinoto Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundReports on the association between HTLV-2 infection and the development of diseases in the human host are rare, which has led the scientific community to believe that HTLV-2 is not an important etiological agent of lymphoproliferative or neurodegenerative disorders, which is the case for HTLV-1. In the present study, we demonstrated cases of fibromyalgia in HTLV-1 carriers and, in an unprecedented finding, in two patients with confirmed HTLV-2 infection.MethodsA total of 957 individuals visited the Virology Laboratory at the Federal University of Pará for screening and confirmation tests for HTLV-1/2 infection. Individuals with confirmed HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection were clinically evaluated for signs and symptoms associated with infection.ResultsSixty-nine individuals (7.2%) were identified as positive for HTLV infection, with 56 confirmed cases of HTLV-1 infection (5.9%), 12 cases of HTLV-2 infection (1.2%) and one case classified as undetermined (0.1%). Sixteen (23.2%) of these patients presented with rheumatological signs and complained of diffuse pain throughout the body; 12 of whom were infected by HTLV-1 (75%) and 4 were infected by HTLV-2 (25%). After anamnesis and careful evaluation, four patients were diagnosed with fibromyalgia, two of whom were infected by HTLV-1 (16.7%; 2/12) and two by HTLV-2 (50%; 2/4). The clinical follow-up and laboratory analysis results are reported in detail in this paper.ConclusionConsidering the clinical cases presented herein as the first reports of patients with HTLV-2 infection with clinical symptoms of fibromyalgia, the importance of further studies on the pathogenicity of HTLV-2, similar to what have already been performed for HTLV-1, is highlighted. Our results also confirm previous evidence of an association between HTLV-1 infection and fibromyalgia.
LncRNA ILF3AS1, MMP3, and MMP9 as well as miRNA-212 as emerging novel biomarkers for childhood epilepsy
Authors: Mohammed Amena Rezk , Emam Wafaa Abdelaziz , Mohammed Shaymaa A. , Abd Elalim Alshaymaa A. , Mansour Eatemad Nabil Abdelhalim , Nasr Haidy Mahmoud , Ghamry Aya A. , Alkhawagah Sabah M. , Fathy Doaa Sadek Ahmed , Elattar Rasha Sobhy , Abish Yasser Gaber Ibrahim , Hussein Abdullah , Zaghloul Boshra Ahmed , Khairallah Marwa K. , Alharbi Norah , Seif Eldin Salwa , Dawood Amal Fahmy , Sabet Marwa A. , Gamea Marwa G. , Elshishtawy Ibrahim Suzan Eid , Mosa Aliaa A. , Dahpy Marwa A. 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundGlobally, approximately 70 million people suffer from epilepsy. Infants constitute a significant percentage of these cases. Hence, there is a significant need for better understanding of the pathophysiology of epilepsy through laboratory and radiological methods for early detection and optimized management. Interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 antisense RNA l (ILF3AS1) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that enhances the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), which are considered to be epileptogenic.AimWe aimed to assess the serum expressions of the lncRNAs ILF3AS1, MMP3, and MMP9 along with microRNA-212 (miRNA-212) as predictive biomarkers in children with epilepsy; we also assessed their correlations with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.Subjects and MethodsFifty children with epilepsy and fifty healthy controls were considered in this study. Serum expressions of the lncRNA ILF3AS1 and miRNA-212 were estimated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Serum concentrations of MMP3 and MMP9 were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in parallel with MRI findings and different baseline biochemical parameters of all the subjects.ResultsThe results showed significantly higher levels of lncRNAs ILF3AS1, MMP3, and MMP9 as well as lower levels of miRNA-212 in children with epilepsy compared to the controls. The fold-change of miRNA-212 was a significant negative predictor (odds ratio = 0.153, p = 0.000). The receiver operating characteristic curves (Roc) showed that the areas under the curves for MMP3, MMP9, and lncRNA ILF3AS1 as well as the fold-change for miRNA-212 were 0.659, 0.738, 0.656, and 0.965, respectively. Brain lesions were detected in 15 patients (30%) with epilepsy, whereas the remaining 35 patients (70%) had normal results.ConclusionSerum levels of the lncRNA ILF3AS1 among children with epilepsy were higher than those in the control group and were associated with upregulation of both MMP3 and MMP9 as well as downregulation of miRNA-212 expressions, suggesting their predictive utility in monitoring the development of epilepsy; this also means that a treatment plan focusing on the ILF3AS1/miRNA-212/MMP3/MMP9 axis could be an effective strategy for treating epilepsy.
The relationship between lipoproteins and the risk of esophageal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Cui Jiale , Zhang Rong , Li Lei 
Published: August 2024

Backgrounds and aimsEsophageal cancer (EC) causes approximately 508,000 deaths annually, making it a significant cause of cancer-related mortality. While previous studies have suggested an association between lipoprotein levels and EC risk, the causal relationship remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the causal link between lipoproteins and EC using Mendelian randomization (MR).Methods and findingsThis study employed MR to determine the causal effect between lipoproteins and EC risk, with body mass index (BMI) used as a confounder in multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the reliability of the results. Univariable MR (UVMR) analysis indicated that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) had a significant inverse association with EC risk (p = 0.03; OR = 0.89; 95%CI, 0.73–0.98), while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides showed no significant association. In the synthesis of findings across diverse datasets, LDL maintained a notable inverse association with the likelihood of EC (p &lt; 0.001; OR = 0.89; 95%CI, 0.84–0.94). Triglyceride levels indicated a potential trend toward an adverse correlation with EC susceptibility (p = 0.03; OR = −0.94; 95%CI, 0.89–0.99), whereas HDL levels did not establish a definitive causal link with the occurrence of EC. MVMR analysis, adjusting for BMI, confirmed these findings.ConclusionLDL exhibits a clear inverse causal relationship with EC risk, regardless of BMI adjustment. No causal effects were observed for HDL in relation to EC risk. Meanwhile, there is a small but statistically significant causal relationship between triglycerides and EC risk.
‘Risk-benefit’ assessment for comprehensive safety evaluation of Chinese patent medicines containing four common toxic ingredients: an analysis of clinical risk factors
Authors: Zhang Nan , Zhong Changming , Liu Guoxiu , Li Siyu , Lin Li , Wei Namin , Song Yu , Wan Xiaoqing , Wang Yanping , Wang Yongyan , Wu Wanlin , Qian Zhongzhi , Zhai Huaqiang 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundChinese patent medicines are specialty preparations in China that are produced using traditional prescriptions processed by modern pharmaceutical technology. They contain complex ingredients and much attention is paid to their clinical safety. Demonstrating the clinical safety of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients in modern pharmacological studies has become one of the urgent issues to be solved for the safe use of clinical medicines.ObjectivesThe aim of this research is to evaluate the safety of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients by applying the risk-benefit assessment method. Additionally, a database of ‘toxic ingredients–toxic Chinese herbal medicines-adverse reactions’ will be established to explore the relationship between toxic ingredients and adverse reactions. This will lay the foundation for the rational clinical use of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients.Methods1) Establish a database of ‘toxic Chinese herbal medicines–toxic ingredients–toxic Chinese patent medicines’ to count the Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. 2) Filtered the clinical studies, extracted the drug-related ADEs, and analyzed the characteristics and correlations of these ADEs. 3) Finally, this section summarizes the causes of ADEs related to Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients and extracts the main risk factors to provide a reference for further study.Outcomes1) There are four main types of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients. These include medicines with diester aconitine metabolites, mineral composition, Araceae metabolites, and hydrogen cyanide. 2) Digestive system, skin and its appendages, and allergic reactions were the main types of ADEs related to four types of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients. 3) There are four primary risk factors associated with the clinical use of Chinese patent medicines containing toxic ingredients: medicine, medication, individual and regulatory factors.
Blueberry bruise non-destructive detection based on hyperspectral information fusion combined with multi-strategy improved Beluga Whale Optimization algorithm
Authors: Sun Xiaoxiong , Zhu Liangkuan , Liu Dayang 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionMechanical damage significantly reduces the market value of fruits, making the early detection of such damage a critical aspect of agricultural management. This study focuses on the early detection of mechanical damage in blueberries (variety: Sapphire) through a non-destructive method.MethodsThe proposed method integrates hyperspectral image fusion with a multi-strategy improved support vector machine (SVM) model. Initially, spectral features and image features were extracted from the hyperspectral information using the successive projections algorithm (SPA) and Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), respectively. Different models including SVM, RF (Random Forest), and PLS-DA (Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis) were developed based on the extracted features. To refine the SVM model, its hyperparameters were optimized using a multi-strategy improved Beluga Whale Optimization (BWO) algorithm. ResultsThe SVM model, upon optimization with the multi-strategy improved BWO algorithm, demonstrated superior performance, achieving the highest classification accuracy among the models tested. The optimized SVM model achieved a classification accuracy of 95.00% on the test set. DiscussionThe integration of hyperspectral image information through feature fusion proved highly efficient for the early detection of bruising in blueberries. However, the effectiveness of this technology is contingent upon specific conditions in the detection environment, such as light intensity and temperature. The high accuracy of the optimized SVM model underscores its potential utility in post-harvest assessment of blueberries for early detection of bruising. Despite these promising results, further studies are needed to validate the model under varying environmental conditions and to explore its applicability to other fruit varieties.
Health-related quality of life in severe hypersensitivity reactions: focus on severe allergic asthma and hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ricciardi Luisa , Silvestro Orlando , Martino Gabriella , Catalano Antonino , Vicario Carmelo Mario , Lund-Jacobsen Trine , Schwarz Peter , Sapienza Daniela , Gangemi Sebastiano , Pioggia Giovanni , Giorgianni Concetto Mario 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundGrowing evidence reveals the important role of clinical psychological factors in chronic-immune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL), depression, anxiety, and alexithymia in patients with severe hypersensitivity reactions such as Severe Allergic Asthma (SAA) and Hymenoptera Venom Anaphylaxis (HVA).MethodsThe Short-Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36), the Beck Depression Inventory Questionnaire (BDI-II), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were used to assess HR-QoL and clinical psychological features of patients with SAA and HVA.ResultsOverall, 78 patients were recruited. Patients with SAA (n = 35) reported lower scores for physical functioning [65 (58–75) vs. 90 (85–95); p = &lt;0.001], role limitations due to physical health [25 (0–50) vs. 62 (50–75); p = 0.004], bodily pain [47.5 (41.1–61.3) vs. 55.5 (55–96); p = 0.001], general health [40 (30–60) vs. 70 (50–80); p = 0.0003] and social functioning [50 (37.5–62.5) vs. 62.5 (54.9–75); p = 0.007] while higher scores for depressive symptoms [14 (11–15.4) vs. (9.5 (6–15.4); p = 0.05)] compared to HVA patients (n = 43). All the dimensions of SF-36 were negatively correlated with anxiety (r from −0.26 to −0.66; pall &lt; 0.01) and depressive symptoms (r from −0.44 to −0.73; pall &lt; 0.001). Alexithymia was negatively correlated with vitality (r = −0.28; p = 0.02) and mental health (r = −027; p = 0.03). Additionally, patients with alexithymia (38% of participants) showed higher levels of depressive symptoms [9.5 (10–19) vs. 14 (6–13.9); p = 0.005] and anxiety levels [31 (27.9–35) vs. 24 (16–33.9); p = 0.02]; they also showed less vitality [40 (39.9–50) vs. 55 (50–60) p = 0.01], social functioning [50 (37.5–62.5) vs. 62.5 (50 vs. 75); p = 0.01] and mental health [48 (44–60) vs. 68 (56–76); p = 0.004].ConclusionClinical psychological features due to severe hypersensitive reactions may contribute to the patient’s perceived HR-QoL. Focused clinical psychological interventions should be promoted to improve the clinical management of such conditions.
Effects of cognitively engaging physical activity interventions on executive function in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mao Fan , Huang Fang , Zhao Shan , Fang Qun 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThis systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the effects of cognitively engaging Physical Activity (PA) interventions on Executive Function (EF) in children and adolescents. It examines how different intervention modalities, durations, frequencies, and session lengths influence these effects.MethodsWe followed the PRISMA guidelines and searched PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Embase, and Web of Science for relevant studies. Studies were included if they were Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) focusing on PA with cognitive elements targeting EF in healthy children and adolescents. Data were extracted and effect sizes computed using Standardized Mean Differences (SMDs).ResultsFrom an initial 1,635 articles, 23 studies with 2,857 participants were included. The overall effect of cognitively engaging PA on EF was significant (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI 0.14–0.51), with notable improvements in inhibitory control (SMD = 0.35) and working memory (SMD = 0.34). High heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 91.1%). Moderator analyses revealed that interventions lasting more than 6 weeks, with sessions over 20 min and conducted more than twice a week, were particularly effective.ConclusionCognitively engaging PA interventions positively impact EF in children and adolescents, particularly in inhibitory control. Effective interventions are characterized by longer duration, higher frequency, and extended session lengths. These findings underscore the importance of integrating cognitive challenges within PA programs to enhance EF, warranting future research and practical applications in educational and developmental settings.
Factors associated with online dating among college students engaging in casual sexual behavior in China: cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Weiyong , Yang Zhongrong , Ma Qiaoqin , Zhou Xin 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the factors associated with online dating among college students engaging in casual sexual behavior, by understanding these factors, targeted intervention measures can be formulated for relevant departments to help college students better manage their sexual health and offer useful reference for the development of sexual health education.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted using a stratified cluster sampling method. Demographic and behavioral information was gathered through questionnaires for univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 595 college students engaging in casual sexual behavior were included in the study, of whom 345 (57.98%) had found casual sexual partners through the internet. Multiple regression analysis indicated that male participants, those aged 20–21 years, those who had recently attended AIDS-themed lectures or health education classes at school, participants who were willing to engage in commercial sexual activities during online dating, participants who accepted sexual activities among men who have sex with men (MSM), those who reported having sexual intercourse with regular partners in the past year, participants who wanted to know if their online dating partners were HIV-diagnosed, those who had engaged in commercial sexual behavior in the past year and those who perceived themselves to be at risk of HIV infection were more likely to engage in online dating. Participants with general/disharmonious family relationships, those who consistently used condoms during casual sexual behavior and those who occasionally used condoms were less likely to engage in online dating.ConclusionThere were a certain extent proportion of casual partners among college students were sourced from the internet, indicating the profound influence of online dating on casual sexual behavior. Therefore, future research and intervention measures should focus on sexual health education and promotion on online dating platforms, strengthen regulations and guidance on college students’ online dating behavior, and raise awareness of HIV prevention in this group.
Comparison of anterior and posterior approach in the treatment of acute and chronic cervical spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ding Yi , Li Ning , Hu Wenjing , Jiang Wenkang , Zhu Qianmiao , Jiang Ting , Cheng Huilin 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveA cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) is a traumatic catastrophe that often leads to neurological dysfunction. The optimal surgical procedure for the treatment of CSCI remains debatable. The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the neurological outcomes, complications, and clinical factors between anterior and posterior approach in CSCI treatment.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane library from their inceptions to october 2023. Preoperative and postoperative Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, and calculated recovery rates (RRs) were compared between the two strategies, and differences in complication rates, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and length of stay were also analyzed.ResultsA total of five studies containing 613 patients were included, with 320 patients undergoing the anterior approach and 293 patients undergoing the posterior approach. Four of the studies included were retrospective cohort studies of high quality as assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Additionally, there was one randomized controlled trial evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Although both anterior and posterior approaches effectively facilitate spinal decompression and promote good neurological recovery, there was no significant difference in the incidences of neurological dysfunction and complications or other clinical features between the two approaches.ConclusionThere is no evidence thus far supports one approach over the other. Large-scale randomized controlled studies are warranted to further distinguish these two methods.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO [CRD42023438831].