bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Structure Affects Annual Grass Weed Invasion During Restoration of a Shrub–Steppe Ecosystem
Authors: Allen Phil S. , Meyer Susan E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEcological restoration of shrub–steppe communities in the western United States is often hampered by invasion of exotic annual grasses during the process. An important question is how to create restored communities that can better resist reinvasion by these weeds. One hypothesis is that communities comprised of species that are functionally similar to the invader will best resist invasion, while an alternative hypothesis is that structurally more complex and diverse communities will result in more effective competitive exclusion. In this field experiment, we examined the effects of restored community structure on the invasion success of three annual grass weeds (downy brome, jointed goatgrass, and cereal rye). We created replicated community plots that varied in species composition, structural complexity and density, then seeded in annual grass weeds and measured their biomass and seed production the following year, and their cover after 1 and 3 yr. Annual grass weeds were not strongly suppressed by any of the restored communities, indicating that it was difficult for native species to completely capture available resources and exclude annual grass weeds in the first years after planting. Perennial grass monocultures, particularly of the early seral grass bottlebrush squirreltail, were the most highly invaded communities, while structurally complex and diverse mixtures of shrubs (big sagebrush, rubber rabbitbrush), perennial grasses (bluebunch wheatgrass and bottlebrush squirreltail) and forbs (Lewis flax, Utah sweetvetch, hairy golden aster, gooseberryleaf globemallow) were more resistant to invasion. These results suggest that restoration of sagebrush steppe communities resistant to annual grass invasion benefits from higher species diversity; significant reduction of weed propagule pressure prior to restoration may be required.
In Situ Growth and Rapid Response Management of Flood-Dispersed Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica)
Authors: Colleran Brian P. , Goodall Katherine E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe objective of this article is to identify growth patterns of Japanese knotweed propagules distributed by high-water events. Along four river systems, we collected and measured Japanese knotweed propagules that had been distributed by flooding approximately 1 yr earlier. Results indicate that the size of the emergent shoot may be determined by the extent of underground growth late in the growing season, although initially it is linked to the size of the propagule. Our results show that 70% of new plants originated from rhizome fragments, and 30% from stems. This proportion is similar to regeneration rates shown in laboratory studies. We suggest that the best way to prevent the spread of Japanese knotweed along rivers is to focus control efforts on those stands most susceptible to erosion and propagule dispersal. We also suggest that an early detection and rapid response management approach can be effectively utilized to eradicate these propagules, and effectively suppress the spread of Japanese knotweed. Our data-collection method also provides evidence that control of newly distributed propagules can be effectively accomplished without the use of herbicides or heavy mechanical tools.
Invasion Success in Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica): A Population Genetic Approach Exploring Genetic Diversity and Historical Introductions
Authors: Lucardi Rima D. , Wallace Lisa E. , Ervin Gary N. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPropagule pressure significantly contributes to and limits the potential success of a biological invasion, especially during transport, introduction, and establishment. Events such as multiple introductions of foreign parent material and gene flow among them can increase genetic diversity in founding populations, often leading to greater invasion success. We applied the tools and theory of population genetics to better understand the dynamics of successful biological invasion. The focal species, cogongrass, is a perennial invasive grass species significantly affecting the Gulf Coast and southeastern region of the United States. The literature indicates separate, allopatric introductions of material from East Asia (Philippines and Japan) into the U.S. states of Mississippi and Alabama. Molecular analysis of samples from those two states utilized amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers on 388 individuals from 21 localities. We hypothesized that previously isolated lineages of cogongrass are present and crossing in the Southeast. We observed genetic variation within localities (0.013 ≤ heterozygosity (He) ≤ 0.051, mean = 0.028 ± 0.001) with significant and substantial population structure (FST= 0.534, P < 0.001). Population structure analyses detected two genetically defined and statistically supported populations, which appear to have experienced some admixture. The geographic distribution of those populations was consistent with the two-introduction scenario reported previously. These results are also consistent with contact in the invasive range of previously isolated lineages from the native range.
Reducing Nascent Miconia (Miconia calvescens) Patches with an Accelerated Intervention Strategy Utilizing Herbicide Ballistic Technology
Authors: Leary James , Mahnken Brooke V. , Cox Linda J. , Radford Adam , Yanagida John , Penniman Teya , Duffy David C. , Gooding Jeremy 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe miconia (Miconia calvescens) invasion of the East Maui Watershed (EMW) started from a single introduction over 40 yr ago, establishing a nascent patch network spread across 20,000 ha. In 2012, an accelerated intervention strategy was implemented utilizing the Herbicide Ballistic Technology (HBT) platform in a Hughes 500D helicopter to reduce target densities of seven nascent patches in the EMW. In a 14-mo period, a total of 48 interventions eliminated 4,029 miconia targets, with an estimated 33% increase in operations and 168% increase in recorded targets relative to the adjusted means from 2005 to 2011 data (prior to HBT adoption). This sequence of interventions covered a total net area of 1,138 ha, creating a field mosaic of overlapping search coverage (saturation) for each patch (four to eight interventions per patch). Target density reduction for each patch fit exponential decay functions (R2 > 0.88, P < 0.05), with a majority of the target interventions spatially assigned to the highest saturation fields. The progressive decay in target density led to concomitant reductions in search efficiency (min ha−1) and herbicide use rate (grams ae ha−1) in subsequent interventions. Mean detection efficacy (± SE) between overlapping interventions (n = 41) was 0.62 ± 0.03, matching closely with the probability of detection for a random search operation and verifying imperfect (albeit precise) detection. The HBT platform increases the value of aerial surveillance operations with 98% efficacy in target elimination. Applying coverage saturation with an accelerated intervention schedule to known patch locations is an adaptive process for compensating imperfect detection and building intelligence with spatial and temporal relevance to the next operation.
Evaluation of Recession Defects Treated With Coronally Advanced Flaps and Either Recombinant Human Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor‐BB Plus β‐Tricalcium Phosphate or Connective Tissue: Comparison of Clinical Parameters at 5 Years
Authors: McGuire Michael K. , Scheyer E. Todd , Snyder Mark B. 
Published: April 2014

Background: In a previously reported split‐mouth, randomized controlled trial, Miller Class II gingival recession defects were treated with either a connective tissue graft (CTG) (control) or recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB + β‐tricalcium phosphate (test), both in combination with a coronally advanced flap (CAF). At 6 months, multiple outcome measures were examined. The purpose of the current study is to examine the major efficacy parameters at 5 years.Methods: Twenty of the original 30 patients were available for follow‐up 5 years after the original surgery. Outcomes examined were recession depth, probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), height of keratinized tissue (wKT), and percentage of root coverage. Within‐ and across‐treatment group results at 6 months and 5 years were compared with original baseline values.Results: At 5 years, all quantitative parameters for both treatment protocols showed statistically significant improvements over baseline. The primary outcome parameter, change in recession depth at 5 years, demonstrated statistically significant improvements in recession over baseline, although intergroup comparisons favored the control group at both 6 months and 5 years. At 5 years, intergroup comparisons also favored the test group for percentage root coverage and change in wKT, whereas no statistically significant intergroup differences were seen for 100% root coverage and changes to CAL.Conclusions: In the present 5‐year investigation, treatment with either test or control treatments for Miller Class II recession defects appear to lead to stable, clinically effective results, although CTG + CAF resulted in greater reductions in recession, greater percentage of root coverage, and increased wKT.
Cardiovascular effects of orotracheal intubation following anesthetic induction with propofol, ketamine-propofol, or ketamine-diazepam in premedicated dogs
Authors: Riccó Carolina H. , Henao-Guerrero Natalia 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Objective—To compare the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation following induction of anesthesia with propofol, ketamine-propofol, and ketamine-diazepam in premedicated dogs.
Design—Prospective, randomized, masked study.
Animals—10 healthy adult Beagles.
Procedures—Dogs were randomly allocated to be anesthetized twice, with a 1-week wash-out interval, by means of 2 of 3 possible protocols (propofol [4 mg/kg {1.8 mg/lb}, n = 6 dogs], ketamine [2 mg/kg {0.9 mg/lb}] and propofol [2 mg/kg; 7], or ketamine [5 mg/kg {2.3 mg/lb}] and diazepam [0.2 mg/kg {0.09 mg/lb}; 6]). After instrumentation, continuous heart rate, systolic arterial blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, diastolic arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, stroke volume index, and systemic vascular resistance were recorded. Fifteen minutes after premedication, dogs were anesthetized; all anesthetics were administered IV. After 5 minutes, orotracheal intubation was performed without the use of a laryngoscope. Data were collected prior to intubation (baseline), at intubation, and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 seconds thereafter. Results were compared among the 3 groups and over time.
Results—No differences among groups were observed for any variables studied. In all groups, arterial blood pressures were significantly decreased at various time points after intubation. A significant increase in systolic arterial blood pressure was observed between baseline and the 30-second time point in the ketamine-diazepam group. No significant differences were detected over time for the other variables in any group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intubation after anesthetic induction with ketamine-diazepam caused transitory hypertension, whereas intubation after induction with propofol or ketamine-propofol did not cause cardiovascular stimulation. In dogs in which hypertension is a concern, propofol or ketamine-propofol may be a better choice for induction prior to orotracheal intubation.
Application of adaptive multivariable Generalized Predictive Control to a HVAC system in real time
Authors: Gulan Martin , Salaj Michal , Rohal’-Ilkiv Boris 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This paper presents the application of a Multivariable Generalized Predictive Controller (MGPC) for simultaneous temperature and humidity control in a Heating, Ventilating and Air- Conditioning (HVAC) system. The multivariable controlled process dynamics is modeled using a set of MISO models on-line identified from measured input-output process data. The controller synthesis is based on direct optimization of selected quadratic cost function with respect to amplitude and rate input constraints. Efficacy of the proposed adaptive MGPC algorithm is experimentally demonstrated on a laboratory-scale model of HVAC system. To control the airconditioning part of system the designed multivariable predictive controller is considered in a cascade dual-rate control scheme with PID auxiliary controllers.
Catalytic production of oxygenated additives by glycerol etherification
Authors: Cannilla Catia , Bonura Giuseppe , Frusteri Leone , Frusteri Francesco 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this work the etherification reaction of glycerol with isobutene (IB) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) has been studied with the aim of preparing mixtures with high content of poly-substituted ethers. The results obtained using solid acid catalysts have shown that the reaction with IB proceeds at a high rate but the formation of undesired di-isobutene (DIB) represents a serious problem when catalysts with high density of acid sites, such as Amberlyst, are used. When using TBA as a reactant, the main problem is the formation of water that, due to thermodynamic reasons, prevents the formation of poly-substituted ethers regardless of the catalyst used. Some preliminary experiments carried out with a water permselective tubular membrane have demonstrated that the yield of poly-substituted ethers significantly increases once water was selectively removed from the reaction medium by recirculation of the gas phase.
Analytical methods for determination of benzodiazepines. A short review
Authors: Szatkowska Paulina , Koba Marcin , Kośliński Piotr , Wandas Jacek , Bączek Tomasz 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Benzodiazepines (BDZs) are generally commonly used as anxiolytic and/or hypnotic drugs as a ligand of the GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor. Moreover, some of benzodiazepines are widely used as an anti-depressive and sedative drugs, and also as anti-epileptic drugs and in some cases can be useful as an adjunct treatment in refractory epilepsies or anti-alcoholic therapy. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods, gas chromatography (GC) methods, capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods and some of spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods were developed and have been extensively applied to the analysis of number of benzodiazepine derivative drugs (BDZs) providing reliable and accurate results. The available chemical methods for the determination of BDZs in biological materials and pharmaceutical formulations are reviewed in this work.
Numerical study of the three-state Ashkin-Teller model with competing dynamics
Authors: Ndizeye Prosper , Hontinfinde Felix , Kounouhewa Basile , Bekhechi Smaine 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn open ferromagnetic Ashkin-Teller model with spin variables 0, ±1 is studied by standard Monte Carlo simulations on a square lattice in the presence of competing Glauber and Kawasaki dynamics. The Kawasaki dynamics simulates spin-exchange processes that continuously flow energy into the system from an external source. Our calculations reveal the presence, in the model, of tricritical points where first order and second order transition lines meet. Beyond that, several self-organized phases are detected when Kawasaki dynamics become dominant. Phase diagrams that comprise phase boundaries and stationary states have been determined in the model parameters’ space. In the case where spin-phonon interactions are incorporated in the model Hamiltonian, numerical results indicate that the paramagnetic phase is stabilized and almost all of the self-organized phases are destroyed.
Diagnostics of Echinococcus granulosus particles in hepatic cysts punctate of seropositive patients
Authors: Skuhala T. , Stojčević Jan D. , Desnica B. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Diagnosis of liver hydatid cyst disease was established by ultrasound and CT examination in 76 patients and confirmed with positive IF and ELISA tests. We found them elective for percutaneous punction after albendazole treatment. Obtained specimens were examined for presence of echinococcal particles and 48 were positive (63.16 %) and it reflects the specifity of applied serological tests. Development of more specific serological tests combined with existent radiological methods will contribute to more accurate diagnostic approach but analysis of cyst specimens will remain the cornerstone of exact diagnosis.
Socio-demographic Correlates of Depression Among Elderly Slum Dwellers of North India
Authors: Goel P K , Muzammil K , Kumar S , Singh J V , Raghav S K 
Published: March 2014

Background Ageing is an inevitable process which begins before birth and continues throughout the life. Though depression is the commonest psychiatric disorder in the elderly, it is commonly misdiagnosed and under treated. The objective of the current study is to know the socio-demographic correlates of depressive disorders amongst elderly. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional community based study was designed and conducted in an urban slum of Muzaffarnagar city, of North India, comprising of 403 elderly aged 60 years and above for a period of 6 months. First of all, the listing of elderly in the study area was done then study was started with the randomly selected name entered in list as the first one and thereafter every second elderly was interviewed alternatively with the help of predesigned proforma. The collected data was subjected to suitable statistical analysis. Results As the age advances the depressive disorders also increase. The prevalence of depressive disorders was found to be 9.4% and it has been observed to double with advancement of one decade of years in the age. It has been noted that there is statistically significant association between decadal age advancement and rise in number of cases of depression. No significant difference in the occurrence of depressive disorders among male and female elderly population has been found. Conclusion A holistic approach to underlying causes of problems of elderly should be undertaken. There is need of strengthening the existing “package” of services for elderly in various initiatives and programmes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i1.10133 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2014;4 (1): 316-322
Pattern and Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Future Physicians
Authors: Basu M , Das P , Dhar G , Datta S , Chattopaddhyay S , Bagchi S , Pal R 
Published: March 2014

Background Overweight including obesity is a leading cause of present day morbidity and kills more people than underweight. Keeping this background in mind this study had been conducted to establish the pattern of overweight and obesity in the midst of undergraduate medical group and to find out the association of overweight (plump) and obesity with probable hazardous factors. Materials and Methods This descriptive observational study had been conducted among undergraduate medical group for the duration of May to June 2011. Simple random sampling was adopted to select the students under study. A pretested, predesigned self-administered questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Body Mass Index (BMI) was assessed through weight and height and acted as forecaster of heavy figure and or obesity. Overweight and or obesity were analyzed to see the association with certain socio-demographic variables, dietary habits, family history of overweight and or obesity, life style issues, computer use etc. After collection of data, these were analyzed using tabulation, proportion and Chi square through Epi-Info software. Results The study subjects were young adults. The general pattern of overweight (plump) and obesity was 18.0 percent and 4.0 percent respectively. Overweight and or obesity was found significantly high among male students, fast food and soft drinks takers, low takers of fruits and vegetables, alcohol consumers, students with lack of exercise and family history of obesity. Overweight and obesity were not found associated with type of diet (vegetarian or non-vegetarian) and smoking. Conclusion Presence of probable associated factors with regard to overweight (plump) and obesity exists amid medical undergraduate pupils.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i1.10134 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2014;4 (1): 323-329
Lecture et apprentissage de l’identité nationale. Étude de manuels scolaires belges (1842-1939)
Authors: Boudart Laurence 
Published: April 2014

A partir del análisis de un amplio corpus de textos en lengua francesa, utilizados en la escuela primaria belga entre 1842 y 1939, y presentes en manuales de lectura, que consideramos como los vectores de una visión concreta del nacionalismo, procuramos poner de relieve de qué se compone la identidad colectiva que los responsables del sistema educativo han querido transmitir a los alumnos belgas. Concretamente, este artículo contempla dos de los ejes de afirmación de la identidad belga : la valentía como signo distintivo y la unidad del país. Plantea también la hipotésis según la cual la lectura, en la primera etapa de la escolarización, constituye una correa de trasmisión de primer orden entre las intenciones y las representaciones del poder establecido y el conjunto más amplio posible de futuros patriotas.
Título : Lectura y aprendizaje de la identidad nacional. Análisis de manuales escolares belgas (1842-1939).
Les élections générales de 2013 au Kenya
Authors: Thibon Christian 
Published: March 2014

Les élections kényanes de mars 2013 apparaissent exceptionnelles, du moins atypiques : pacifiques alors que la bipolarisation politique, comme les précédentes confrontations électorales violentes, laissait craindre le pire. Mais l’optimisme dégagé est mitigé par une mobilisation ethnique qui reproduit le clivage fondateur de l’histoire kényane alors que la victoire d’Uhuru Kenyatta, de justesse au premier tour, pas si surprenante au regard d’une campagne électorale fort médiatisée, ouvre un nouveau cycle politique, toujours marqué par les pesanteurs et les défis du passé. Cet événement, et les inconnues qu’il soulève, dévoilerait-il une nouvelle donne dans la vie politique kényane, dans la géopolitique et dans la société qui connaît de forts bouleversements économiques et socioculturels ?
La CPI, Dieu et les élections kényanes de 2013
Authors: Maupeu Hervé 
Published: March 2014

L’inculpation de deux leaders politiques, Uhuru Kenyatta et William Ruto, a constitué l’un des enjeux principaux de la campagne électorale de 2013. Ces deux inculpés ont constitué une alliance politique improbable rassemblant les deux principales ethnies qui s’étaient opposées lors des violences post-électorales de 2008. Ils ont habilement recristallisé l’identité politique de leur communauté respective en diffusant des discours de victimisation et en formulant une relecture de l’histoire de leur ethnie faisant d’eux des héros. Cette stratégie a bien fonctionné car ils ont usé efficacement d’un registre religieux, de type néo-pentecôtiste, donnant une grande force à leur message de repentance et d’autojustification. Ils se sont fabriqué une nouvelle virginité et l’impunité des élites kényanes s’en est trouvé ainsi renouvelée. Ce faisant, ils ont également infléchi la culture politique du pays en développant une véritable « pentecôtisation » de la vie politique. Depuis le scrutin de 2013, l’État kényan s’est donné pour priorité absolue d’assurer l’impunité de ses dirigeants.