bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Siliziumphotonik — Grundbausteine kommerzieller Anwendungen
Authors: Artundo Iñigo , Muñoz Pascual , Domenech David , den Besten Jan Hendrik , Capmany Jose 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDie Siliziumphotonik hat sich in den letzten Jahren zu einem dynamischen Umfeld für Siliziumfertigungsbetriebe und Designhäuser entwickelt. Dies hat neben den traditionellen Telekommunikationsaktivitäten eine breite Palette kommerzieller Anwendungen ermöglicht, etwa optische Chipverbindungen, Sensorüberwachung oder Mikrowellenfilter und Strahlformer. Grundelemente wie Array‐Wellenleiter (arrayed‐waveguide grating, AWG), Mach‐Zehnder‐Interferometer (MZI), Multimode‐Interferenzkoppler (MMI) und Ringresonatoren (RR) sind bereits zu zuverlässigen und anpassbaren Standardelementen für komplexere, integrierte optische Systeme geworden.
Ultrakurzpulslaser in der Produktkennzeichnung
Authors: Amler Hans 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLasermarkiersysteme haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einem anerkannten Werkzeug für die Teilekennzeichnung etabliert. Grundlage dafür waren zunächst Bogenlampengepumpte Festkörperlaser sowie CO2‐Laser.
Integriertes Design und Fertigung optischer Bauelemente
Authors: Kleindienst Roman , Kampmann Ronald , Stoebenau Sebastian , Sinzinger Stefan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractKomplexe, diffraktiv funktionalisierte freiformoptische Bauelemente bieten neue Möglichkeiten für die Realisierung leistungsfähiger, kompakter und robuster optischer Systeme. In diesem Beitrag werden geeignete integrierte Designund Fertigungsstrategien vorgestellt. Am Beispiel eines hybriden reflektiven Strahlformers, der ablenkende, strahlformende und strahlteilende Funktionalitäten in sich vereint, wird die Leistungsfähigkeit des Ansatzes theoretisch und experimentell untersucht.
Ein Wendepunkt in der Entwicklung
Authors: Bouyé Clémentine , Cochard Jacques , Lee Carlos 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIm Rahmen der Photonik ist der Biophotonikmarkt ein besonders wachstumsstarkes Segment. Die Biophotonik umfasst alle Technologien, bei denen Licht (von Röntgenstrahlung bis zum fernen Terahertz) mit biologischer Materie (dem menschlichen Körper, Pflanzen, Bioorganismen etc.) interagiert.
Adverse Effects Associated with Second‐Generation Antipsychotic Long‐Acting Injection Treatment: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Gentile Salvatore 
Published: June 2013

As second‐generation antipsychotic long‐acting injections (SGA‐LAIs) are rapidly replacing depot first‐generation antipsychotics as first‐line agents in treating schizophrenia spectrum disorders, a systematic assessment of their adverse effects is timely. English‐language, peer‐reviewed articles reporting original data on the safety and tolerability of SGA‐LAIs were identified electronically by searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and DARE databases and the Cochrane Library (January 2001–April 2013). In addition to second‐generation (atypical) antipsychotics and long‐acting injection (depot) antipsychotics, a separate search was performed for each available drug: aripiprazole LAI, olanzapine pamoate, paliperidone palmitate, and risperidone LAI. Articles were excluded if they were review articles, post hoc analyses, analyses of subsets of patients enrolled in previous trials, single case reports, case series studies, small naturalistic studies (involving less than 50 patients), studies providing no safety data, and studies lasting less than 8 weeks. Of 181 articles identified from the search, 140 were excluded; thus, 41 articles met the inclusion criteria. Predictably, the reviewed information revealed that SGA‐LAIs have safety profiles consistent with their oral parent formulations. However, they seem to also show unforeseen and worrisome safety signals. Indeed, the routine use of olanzapine‐LAI in clinical practice could be limited not only by the well‐known risk of postinjection syndrome, whose clinical management remains a matter of concern, but also by the risk of worsening of psychosis. The reviewed information seems to suggest that worsening of psychotic symptoms and depression could also be associated with both risperidone‐LAI and paliperidone palmitate. The leading cause of death among patients enrolled in risperidone‐LAI studies was suicide. Given the exponential growth in the clinical use of SGA‐LAIs, further studies must be urgently performed in order to confirm or exclude the potential safety signals associated with such drugs.
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia in a child related to cigarette smoke
Authors: Ischander Mariam , Fan Leland L. , Farahmand Vanda , Langston Claire , Yazdani Shahram 
Published: June 2013

SummaryAn 8‐year‐old white male was referred to our clinic for a 1‐year history of decreased appetite and no weight gain. His entire workup failed to demonstrate cystic fibrosis, or any infectious or immune‐related diseases. Chest imaging and clinical picture suggested parenchymal lung disease. Histopathology examination of the video‐assisted thoracoscopic biopsy of his lungs showed a desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP)‐like pattern that resembled that of adult smokers with the same disease. Genes for surfactant proteins B and C and the transporter ABCA3 were all negative. Furthermore, lack of any genetic disorder for surfactant proteins, along with his history of heavy exposure to 10 pack‐years of indoor secondhand smoke suggests that this child's DIP is due to secondhand cigarette exposure. He had nearly complete resolution of his symptoms after a year of treatments with pulse steroid and hydroxycholoroquine. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of cigarette smoke‐related DIP reported in a child. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E56–E58. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SFTPC gene mutation p.R167Q in a premature infant
Authors: Jon Cindy , Nolan Paul K. , Ekong Mfon , Mosquera Ricardo A. , Stark James M. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryWe present an infant who was born premature at 23 weeks gestation with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and a SFTPC gene mutation, p.R167Q, who had a complicated neonatal course requiring 4 months of mechanical ventilation. Over time, his clinical course has improved, and he only requires oxygen by nasal cannula and low dose hydroxychloroquine, suggesting that p.R167Q mutation contributed to his clinical course and may manifest with a variable disease pattern making long‐term prognostication difficult in the immediate newborn period. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E66–E68. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Breakdown of Stokes–Einstein relation in the supercooled liquid state of phase change materials [Phys. Status Solidi B 249, No. 10, 1880–1885 (2012)]
Authors: Sosso G. C. , Behler J. , Bernasconi M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractValues of the melting temperature at normal pressure $T_m$, of the slope of the melting line, and of the activation energies for the diffusion coefficient and viscosity are corrected.
China's art of institutional bricolage: Selectiveness and gradualism in the policy transfer style of a nation
Authors: de Jong Martin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWhat distinguishes the Chinese practice of transferring policy ideas and institutions from examples observed elsewhere in the world can be described in two words: gradualism and eclecticism. In contradistinction to other (Post) Communist countries, actors operating in the Chinese political and socio-economic systems were not so taken aback by developments in 1989 that these completed collapsed. Nor were they overhauled in rigorous ways so as to realize a brand new start in which Communist and authoritarian remnants of the past were to be completely effaced. Rather did policy makers keenly observe developments and spot promising examples elsewhere in the world to draw lessons from. These were then reassembled onto existing institutional frameworks. In this article, it is claimed that this cautious and selective approach reflects a more generic Chinese tradition of institutional bricolage. This tradition of cobbling together various foreign and domestic policy ideas in modular fashion is illustrated with the modern day example of eco city development in China.
The Effect of Prolonged Light Intensity Exercise in the Heat on Executive Function
Authors: Parker Sarah M. , Erin Jennifer R. , Pryor Riana R. , Khorana Priya , Suyama Joe , Guyette Frank X. , Reis Steven E. , Hostler David 
Published: June 2013

Objective When people are involved in outdoor activities, it is important to be able to assess a situation and make rational decisions. The goal of this study is to determine the effects of 90 minutes of light-intensity exercise in a hot environment on executive functioning capabilities of healthy individuals. Methods In this prospective laboratory study, 40 healthy male and female subjects 18 to 45 years of age performed treadmill exercise while wearing athletic clothing and a backpack in either a hot or temperate environment. Vital signs, core and skin temperature, and perceptual measures (thermal sensation, sweating, comfort, and perceived exertion) were measured before, during, and after the treadmill test. Cognitive function was measured before and after the treadmill test using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and a Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Results Subjects in the hot condition reached a similar core temp of 38.2° ± 0.5°C vs 37.7° ± 0.3°C ( P = .325) in the temperate group but had a higher heart rate ( P < .001) and skin temperature ( P < .001). Hot and normal temperature groups did not differ in their PVT performance. There were more correct responses ( P < .001), fewer errors ( P < .001), and more conceptual responses ( P = .001) on the WCST after exertion in both the hot room and normal temperature room conditions. Perseverations and perseverative errors ( P = .002) decreased in both groups after exertion. Conclusions Conditions of mild heat stress coupled with modest rehydration and short hiking treks do not appear to negatively affect executive function or vigilance.
Oil from the marine zooplanktonCalanus finmarchicusimproves the cardiometabolic phenotype of diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Höper Anje C. , Salma Wahida , Khalid Ahmed M. , Hafstad Anne D. , Sollie Selene J. , Raa Jan , Larsen Terje S. , Aasum Ellen 
Published: June 2013

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of oil extracted from the zooplanktonCalanus finmarchicus(Calanus oil) on diet-induced obesity and obesity-related disorders in mice. C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 45 % energy from fat) exhibited increased body weight and abdominal fat accumulation as well as impaired glucose tolerance compared with mice fed a normal chow diet (10 % energy from fat). Supplementing the HFD with 1·5 % (w/w) Calanus oil reduced body-weight gain, abdominal fat accumulation and hepatic steatosis by 16, 27 and 41 %, respectively, and improved glucose tolerance by 16 %. Calanus oil supplementation reduced adipocyte size and increased the mRNA expression of adiponectin in adipose tissue. It also reduced macrophage infiltration by more than 70 %, accompanied by reduced mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1). The effects of Calanus oil were not only preventive, but also therapeutic, as the oil proved to be beneficial, regardless of whether the supplementation was started before or after the onset of obesity and glucose intolerance. Although the present study cannot pinpoint the active component(s) of the oil, there is reason to believe that then-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA and/or antioxidants are responsible for its beneficial effects. It should be noted that the concentration ofn-3 fatty acids in the Calanus oil diet was considerably lower than the concentrations used in similar studies reporting beneficial effects on obesity and obesity-related abnormalities.
Goitre prevalence and epidemiological features in children living in areas with mildly excessive iodine in drinking-water
Authors: Lv Shengmin , Xu Dong , Wang Yuchun , Chong Zhenshui , Du Yonggui , Jia Lihui , Zhao Jun , Ma Jing 
Published: June 2013

The prevalence of goitre in areas with mildly excessive iodine in drinking-water is still under debate. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of goitre and its epidemiological characteristics in these areas using WHO criteria. To this end, three towns with a median water iodine (MWI) of 150–300 μg/l were selected randomly in Hengshui City of Hebei Province of China, and one town with a MWI of 105 μg/l was chosen as a control. A total of 452 children in the three towns and 120 children in the control town were randomly selected to measure thyroid volume (Tvol) by ultrasound. The goitre status of these children was judged using the criteria recommended by the WHO. The overall goitre prevalences in the three towns were 24·6 % (111/452) by age-specific Tvol and 33·0 % (149/452) by body surface area (BSA)-adjusted Tvol, which were significantly higher than that in the control town by both age-specific Tvol (14·0 % (17/120), P= 0·015) and BSA-adjusted Tvol (17·5 % (21/120), P= 0·001). Significant differences were found neither in goitre prevalences across sex by both age-specific Tvol (P= 0·078) and BSA-adjusted Tvol (P= 0·692) nor in that across age group by both BSA-adjusted Tvol (P= 0·461) and age-specific Tvol (P= 0·183). The present study found a high prevalence of goitre in children living in areas with mildly excessive iodine in drinking-water in Hebei Province. No significant differences were found in goitre prevalences across sex and age group. These results suggest that the Tvol reference values recommended by the WHO could be too low for Chinese children.
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, BODY MASS INDEX AND PREVALENCE OF UNDERWEIGHT AND OVERWEIGHT AMONG POLISH GIRLS AGED 7–18: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: WRONKA IWONA 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe aim of this paper was to establish whether the influence of socioeconomic factors on BMI and the prevalence of underweight and overweight changes with age. The data were obtained from 1008 schoolgirls aged 16–18 years for whom earlier data on weight and height were available. Their height and body mass were measured and their BMIs calculated. Height and weight in early life were assessed by medical records review. The girls were measured by trained school nurses at 7, 9, 14 years of age. Socioeconomic differences in BMI were found to increase with age. Parents' higher education and urban environment were associated with smaller BMI gain between the ages of 7 and 18 years. Among subjects whose mother and/or father had higher education the prevalence of underweight increased with age, and in other groups it remained at a similar level. In the younger age categories (7- and 9-year-olds) underweight was less frequent in subjects from towns than those from rural areas, while in the older categories (14, 16–18 years of age) the opposite tendency was found. As subjects grew up, there was a decline in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in all groups. Parental education and place of residence seem to influence weight status in a different way in childhood than during adolescence.
Anthelmintic activity of phenolic acids from the axlewood treeAnogeissus leiocarpuson the filarial nematodeOnchocerca ochengiand drug-resistant strains of the free-living nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ndjonka D. , Abladam E.D. , Djafsia B. , Ajonina-Ekoti I. , Achukwi M.D. , Liebau E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe effect of three phenols (ellagic, gentisic and gallic acids) from the axlewood treeAnogeissus leiocarpusonOnchocerca ochengiand drug-resistant strains ofCaenorhabditis elegans, a model organism for research on nematode parasites, is investigated. Worms were incubated in different concentrations of phenols and their survival was monitored after 48 h. Among the three acids, ellagic acid strongly affected the survival ofO. ochengimicrofilariae,O. ochengiadults, a wild-typeC. elegansand anthelmintic-resistant strains ofC. elegans, namely albendazole (CB3474), levamisole (CB211, ZZ16) and ivermectin (VC722, DA1316), with LC50values ranging from 0.03 mmto 0.96 mm. These results indicate that the binding of ellagic acid in the worm differs from that of resistant strains ofC. elegans. The efficacy of both gallic and gentisic acids was not significantly changed in resistant strains ofC. eleganstreated with levamisole (ZZ16, LC50= 9.98 mm, with gallic acid), albendazole (CB3474, LC50= 7.81 mm, with gentisic acid) and ivermectin (DA1316, LC50= 10.62 mm, with gentisic acid). The efficacy of these three pure compounds is in accordance with the use ofA. leiocarpusfrom its locality of origin. Thein vivotoxicity data reveal that the thresholds are up to 200 times higher than the determined LC50values. Thus, ellagic acid could be a potential option for the treatment of nematode infections, even in cases of drug resistance towards established anthelmintic drugs.
Postnational discourse, deliberation, and participation toward global risk governance
Authors: KLINKE ANDREAS 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn emerging task in world politics is to cope with human-induced global risks in domains such as environment, economy, security, and health. Current global governance institutions are largely incapable of tackling global risks and applying deductive policy models, which is why new modes of interaction may become essential. In this article I argue that through focused discourses, key peculiarities of global risks, namely complexity, scientific uncertainty and sociopolitical ambiguity, may be identified and understood. To this end, distinctively discursive and pragmatic learning processes can be developed. Different forms of deliberation and participation help develop processes that meet the challenges, problems, and conflicts that result from the key peculiarities of global risks. Hence, the article establishes a causal link between key peculiarities of global risks and postnational discourses. I discuss the varying forms of deliberation and participation (epistemic institutions, associational policy making, and transnational public deliberation and participation) of three discourses that produce institutional problem solving capacity in global risk governance. To this end, this article links theory and practice as well as normative conceptualisation and institutional feasibility.
Surface wave excitation by a density modulated electron beam in a magnetized dusty plasma cylinder
Authors: Prakash Ved , Sharma Suresh C. , Vijayshri  , Gupta Ruby 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper studies the surface plasma wave excitation via Cerenkov and fast cyclotron interaction by a density modulated electron beam propagating through a magnetized dusty plasma cylinder. The dispersion relation of surface plasma waves has been derived and it has been shown that the phase velocity of waves increases with increase in relative density δ(=nio/ne0,whereni0is the ion plasma density andne0is the electron plasma density) of negatively charged dust grains. The beam radius is taken slightly less than the radius of dusty plasma cylinder. The frequency and the growth rate of the unstable wave instability increases with increase in the value of δ and normalized frequency ω/ωpe. The growth rate of the instability increases with the beam density and scales as one-third power of the beam density in Cerenkov interaction and square root of beam density in fast cyclotron interaction. The dispersion relation of surface plasma waves has been retrieved from the derived dispersion relation by considering that the beam is absent and there are no dust grains in the plasma cylinder.
Thermal defocusing of intense hollow Gaussian laser beams in atmosphere
Authors: Sharma Ashutosh , Sodha Mahendra Singh , Misra Shikha , Mishra S.K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper, the authors have presented a paraxial theory for propagation of (1) Gaussian (2) dark hollow Gaussian high power laser beams in the atmosphere, considering the nonlinearity arising from the temperature variation along the wave-front. Specifically, the focusing parameter for both beams has been evaluated as a function of distance and initial beam power and width (corresponding to radiation of wavelengths 1.045 µ, 1.625 µ, and 2.141 µ in the water absorption window) for the maritime, desert, rural, and urban environments as modeled at NRL; the results have been presented in the dimensionless form. It is seen that in all four environments a dark hollow beam defocuses less than the corresponding Gaussian beam of same radius and power. It is suggested that this conclusion based on the paraxial theory be verified by numerical simulation.
SURGEONS’ VIEWS OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN AUSTRALIA: ONLINE PILOT SURVEY
Authors: Gallego Gisselle , van Gool Kees , Casey Robert , Maddern Guy 
Published: June 2013

Introduction:Many governments have introduced health technology assessment (HTA) as an important tool to manage the uptake and use of health-related technologies efficiently. Although surgeons play a central role in the uptake and diffusion of new technologies, little is known about their opinion and understanding of the HTA role and process.Methods:A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted using an online questionnaire which was distributed to Fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons over a 4-week period. Information was sought about knowledge and views of the HTA process. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, frequencies, and proportions were calculated.Results:Sixty-two surgeons completed the survey; of these, 55 percent reported their primary work place as a public hospital. Twenty-four percent of the participants reported that they had never heard of the HTA agency and 60 percent reported that surgical procedures are most likely to be introduced in the Australian healthcare system at the public hospital level (which is beyond the HTA's scope and dealt with at a state level). However, 61 percent considered that decisions about funding and adoption of new technologies should take place at the national level.Conclusions:This survey provides some evidence that many surgeons remain unaware of the federal government's HTA process but still value evidence-based information. In order for HTA to be an effective aid to rational adoption of health-related technologies, there is a need for an evidence-based approach that is integrated and is accepted and understood by the medical professions.