bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Method for the Preparation of Sulfonyl Chlorides: Reaction of Disulfides or Thiols with Sodium Hypochlorite Pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) Crystals
Authors: Okada Tomohide , Matsumuro Hiroaki , Iwai Toshiaki , Kitagawa Saori , Yamazaki Kento , Akiyama Tomomi , Asawa Tomotake , Sugiyama Yukihiro , Kimura Yoshikazu , Kirihara Masayuki 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The reaction of disulfides or thiols with sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate in acetic acid efficiently provided the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides in high yields.
Core–Shell Approach to Control Acid–Base Properties of Surface of Dielectric and Permittivity of Its Composite
Authors: Sychov Maxim , Nakanishi Yoichiro , Vasina Ekaterina , Eruzin Alexander , Mjakin Sergey , Khamova Tamara , Shilova Olga , Mimura Hidenori 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Hybrid organic–inorganic composites comprising cyanoethyl ester of poly(vinyl alcohol) (CEPVA) and submicron-sized barium titanate with a core–shell structure are studied. For the first time, the permittivity of obtained composites was studied in correlation with the acid–base properties of the filler and controlled via the filler surface modification by the formation of core–shell structures using sol–gel and plasma processes. The permittivity is found to grow with the increase in the content of Brønsted basic centers on the filler surface due to enhanced interactions with acid groups of polymer. This effect is especially prominent in the case of silica nanocoating deposited onto BaTiO3 surface. The permittivity of the studied composites is approximated by a modified Lichtenecker equation based on permittivity values of individual components, their concentrations, and a specific parameter characterizing their acid–base interaction.
Azametallametallocene Formation via Double sp3 C–H Activation of 6-Substituted ortho-Toluidines by a Half-sandwich Acetatoiridium Complex
Authors: Sato Yasuhiro , Kayaki Yoshihito , Ikariya Takao 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A half-sandwich acetatoiridium(III) complex can activate two geminal C(sp3)–H bonds of 2-methylaniline derivatives to produce a new dinuclear azametallacycle, (η5-1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)[η5-2-(η5-1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridaindolyl]iridium. The C–N chelate iridium displaying an amido-carbene structure favors formation of the saturated 34 electron complex via π-coordination to the other [Cp*Ir] fragment.
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Mansour Hanine , Saad Aline , Azar Marina , Khoueiry Paul 
Published: November 2014

Introduction and Objective Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is a common adverse effect reported in the literature. Typically patients present with a low platelet count with signs and symptoms ranging from bruising to bleeding, and major organ damage. Penicillin-induced thrombocytopenia previously reported in the literature is explained primarily through the hapten-dependent antibody process. The goal of this report is to present a case of an amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-induced thrombocytopenia. Case Presentation A 23-year-old male presented to the emergency department with bruises on his arms and legs after completing a full course of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid of 625 mg twice a day for 5 days for tonsillitis. After several tests, the patient was diagnosed with thrombocytopenia induced by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. The patient was treated with a corticosteroids taper regimen for 3 weeks. He was discharged after 3 days of inpatient treatment with instructions to avoid physical activity for 2 weeks. Two weeks post discharge, the follow-up showed that the platelet count had increased. Discussion Penicillin-induced thrombocytopenia has been previously reported in the inpatient setting where bleeding was observed. However, the patient in this case report presented with bruises on his arms and legs. The diagnosis was made by the process of elimination; not all possible tests were conducted. The patient was prescribed corticosteroids that are not indicated for drug-induced thrombocytopenia. The Naranjo scale showed that this is a probable adverse event of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Conclusion This is a unique case where amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was reported to be a probable cause of thrombocytopenia in an outpatient setting without signs of bleeding and without concomitant medications.
Effect of Raman Amplifier and Cyclic Prefix on O-OFDM System Using Phase Modulation
Authors: Kaur Harmandeep , Bhatia Kamajit Singh 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe system performance of single channel OFDM at 10-Gbps data rate using phase modulation under the effect of Raman amplifier and varying cyclic prefix of OFDM signal is evaluated. Pump power of single pumping type co-propagating Raman amplifier is varied and the results are analyzed for different fiber length through simulation. Raman gain variation is observed with increasing Raman pump power and it shows that increasing the pump power will improve the system performance. Also it reveals the fact that with an application of Raman amplifier the transmission distance will increase. Further received electrical power is observed with variation in cyclic prefix. Electrical output power is detected in each case. Moreover optical spectrums are examined with and without amplifier.
Einsatz von Gonadorelin[6-D-Phe] am Tag 0 oder 12 post inseminationem zur Steigerung der Konzeptionsrate in einer sächsischen Milchviehgroßanlage
Authors: Weber O. , Passarge O. , Neubert T. , Freick M. 
Published: November 2014

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie war die Steigerung der Konzeptionsrate bei laktierenden Milchkühen durch Applikation eines Gonadotropin-Releasing-Hormon(GnRH)-Analogons nach der Besamung. Material und Methoden: Erfasst wurden 3125 Besamungen von 1634 Kühen. Die Tiere wurden anhand der Endziffer der Lebensohrmarke am Besamungstag auf drei Studiengruppen verteilt. Kühe der Gruppe GnRH0 erhielten unmittelbar nach der Insemination (Tag 0) eine intramuskuläre Injektion von 100 μg Gonadorelin[6-D-Phe], Tiere der Gruppe GnRH12 unterlagen der gleichen Behandlung am Tag 12 und Kühe der Kontrollgruppe blieben post inseminationem unbehandelt. Am Tag 28 fand eine Trächtigkeitsuntersuchung mittels transrektaler Ultrasonographie statt. Die Datensätze wurden getrennt nach Besamungsnummer (BN) 1–4 sowie für die letzte beobachtete Besamung für die jeweilige Kuh im Beobachtungszeitraum analysiert. Außerdem erfolgte eine separate Analyse der Klassen Jung- und Altkühe zur Erstbesamung unter Berücksichtigung der Milchleistung. Für die BN 1 wurde zusätzlich eine nach der letzten Abkalbung diagnostizierte Metritis als Einflussfaktor ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Für die Datensätze mit der BN 2 (n = 792) war die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Trächtigkeit am Tag 28 in der Gruppe GnRH0 im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe signifikant verringert (OR = 0,69; KI95 = 0,5–1,0; p = 0,04). Dies galt ebenso für Datensätze mit der BN 3 (n = 495) in der Gruppe GnRH12 (OR = 0,54; KI95 = 0,3–0,9; p = 0,01). Dagegen konnte für Erstbesamungen von Altkühen ( 2. Laktation) mit einer Milchleistung 42,5 kg (7-Tage-Mittel am Tag 0; n = 364) durch eine Gonadorelin-Behandlung am Tag 0 die Trächtigkeitswahrscheinlichkeit verdoppelt werden (OR = 2,0; KI95 = 1,2–3,4; p = 0,01). Für die übrigen Analysegruppen ergaben sich keine signifikanten Differenzen der Trächtigkeitswahrscheinlichkeit zur Kontrollgruppe. Schlussfolgerung: Lediglich in der Gruppe der hochleistenden Altkühe zur Erstbesamung ( 2. Laktation) ließ sich durch eine Gonadorelin-Applikation am Tag 0 die Konzeptionsrate steigern. Vermutlich wurden die in dieser Kuhgruppe vermehrt auftretenden verzögerten Ovulationen durch diese Hormongabe erfolgreich therapiert.
Die klassische Geflügelpest und die Influenza-A-Viren des Hausgeflügels und der Vögel
Authors: Kaleta E. F. 
Published: November 2014

ZusammenfassungAls Erreger der anzeigepflichtigen klassischen Geflügelpest gelten nur hoch- und niedrigpathogene aviäre Influenza-A-Viren der Hämagglutinin-Subtypen H5 und H7 sowie solche anderer Hämagglutinin-Subtypen, wenn deren intravenöser Pathogenitätsindex größer als 1,2 ist. Die Geflügelpest-Verordnung unterscheidet zwischen hochpathogenem Influenza-A-Virus der Subtypen H5 und H7, wenn multiple basische Aminosäuren im Spaltbereich des Hämagglutininmoleküls durch Virus-, Antigen- oder Genomnachweis vorliegen, und niedrigpathogenen aviären Influenzaviren der Subtypen H5 und H7, wenn entweder der intravenöse Pathogenitätsindex kleiner als 1,2 ist oder keine basischen Aminosäuren im Spaltbereich des Hämagglutininmoleküls vorliegen. Zur klassischen Geflügelpest werden Aspekte der Diagnose, Bekämpfung einschließlich Tötung, Therapie und Impfung beschrieben. Derzeitige Optionen und die engen Grenzen einer oralen Therapie der Geflügelpest mit Neuraminidase-Hemmern (z. B. Oseltamivir) werden dargestellt. Auf genehmigten Antrag dürfen einzeln gekennzeichnete Zoo- und Ziervögel mit zugelassenen Inaktivatimpfstoffen immunisiert werden. Vektorvakzinen kamen in Deutschland bisher nicht zum Einsatz. Influenza-A-Viren mit anderen Hämagglutininen (H1–H4, H6, H8–H18) können ebenfalls Infektionen und schwere Krankheitsverläufe hervorrufen. Diese unterliegen keiner gesetzlichen Reglementierung und durch zeitgerechte Impfung mit Inaktivatvakzinen lassen sich Erkrankungen verhindern.
An Agent Based approach to design Serious Game
Authors: Gentile Manuel , La Guardia Dario , Dal Grande Valentina , Ottaviano Simona , Allegra Mario 
Published: November 2014

Serious games are designed to train and educate learners, opening up new learning approaches like exploratory learning and situated cognition. Despite growing interest in these games, their design is still an artisan process.On the basis of experiences in designing computer simulation, this paper proposes an agent-based approach to guide the design process of a serious game. The proposed methodology allows the designer to strike the right equilibrium between educational effectiveness and entertainment, realism and complexity.The design of the PNPVillage game is used as a case study. The PNPVillage game aims to introduce and foster an entrepreneurial mindset among young students. It was implemented within the framework of the European project “I can… I cannot… I go!” Rev.2
Real-World Evaluation of the Effects of Counseling and Education in Diabetes Management
Authors: Dalal Mehul R. , Robinson Scott B. , Sullivan Sean D. 
Published: November 2014

Background. Patient education has long been recognized as a component of effective diabetes management, but the impact of counseling and education (C/E) interventions on health care costs is not fully understood.
Objectives. To identify the incidence and type of diabetes C/E received by type 2 diabetes patients and to evaluate associated economic and clinical outcomes.
Methods. This retrospective cohort study used the Premier-Optum Continuum of Care database (2005–2009) to compare adult patients with type 2 diabetes receiving C/E to those not receiving C/E (control). The index date was the first C/E date or, in the control cohort, a randomly assigned date on which some care was delivered. Patients had at least 6 months' pre-index and 12 months' post-index continuous health plan coverage. Health care costs and glycemic levels were evaluated over 12 and 6 months, respectively, with adjustment for differences in baseline characteristics using propensity score matching (PSM).
Results. Of 26,790 patients identified, 9.3% received at least one C/E intervention (mean age 53 years, 47% men) and 90.7% received no C/E (mean age 57 years, 54% men). Standard diabetes education was the most common form of C/E (73%). After PSM, C/E patients had some improvements in glycemic levels (among those with laboratory values available), without increased risk for hypoglycemia, and incurred $2,335 per-patient less in diabetes-related health care costs, although their total health care costs increased.
Conclusions. Despite the low uptake of C/E services, C/E interventions may be associated with economic and clinical benefits at 12 months. Further analyses are needed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of such initiatives.
Kangerlussuaq: evolution and maturation of a cultural landscape in Greenland
Authors: Dzik Anthony J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The cultural landscape reflects the composite influences of the regional physical, cultural, and technological environments. It is a dynamic entity which evolves over time and the perceptions of its human inhabitants is influential in the process. This paper is a descriptive analysis of Kangerlussuaq, a young but maturing settlement located in west Greenland near the inland ice. The site’s natural resource base did not attract permanent settlement by the Inuit or Scandinavian colonists, but in the early days of the World War II, the American military took advantage of the exceptional flying conditions here and established an air base. In time, civilian functions developed as Kangerlussuaq became the hub for air travel in Greenland. A transitory utilitarian settlement was eventually transformed into a more permanent settlement. In recent years there seems to be a growing sense of community and place attachment as the cultural landscape begins to exhibit more of the components of a real ‘town’.
Spatial differences in the level of population and settlement development in Wielkopolskie voivodship (1)
Authors: Konecka-Szydłowska Barbara , Maćkowiak Henryk 
Published: November 2014

Abstract.
Population and settlement are among aspects determining the level of socio-economic development. This paper analyses spatial differences in the level of development of the population and settlement in Wielkopolskie voivodship in Poland. The period studied embraces the years 2000-2010 and the units examined are those of the local NUTS 4 level, i.e. poviats.
Two modes differing in the reference system were employed for the analysis, which was carried out (a) at the level of the population and settlement development of poviats in Wielkopolskie voivodship against all the poviats in Poland, and (b) again at the level of the population and settlement development of Wielkopolska poviats, but in abstraction from the rest of the country. In each of those reference systems a study was made of (a) the spatial distribution of the development level of Wielkopolskie voivodship in population and settlement terms to identify its growth and stagnation areas by poviat, at the levels of the country and the voivodship, and (b) the development trajectories of those two types of areas over the study period, at the voivodship level. The paper ends in a comparison of the results obtained using the two modes of analysis.
Diversification of the dynamics of population size and the number of the employed in small and medium-sized Polish towns from 1995 to 2010
Authors: Korzeniak Grażyna 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper presents partial outcomes of the project called ‘The Diversity of the Development Processes of Small and Medium-Sized Towns and its Influence on the Polycentric Development of Poland’. The research conducted within that project has been based on the identification of two basic groups of Polish towns, regarding their locations either within the functional area boundaries of the regional capital cities (functional areas of voivodship centre), or outside. The goal of our research is to determine whether small and medium-sized towns maintain their roles as stable elements of the settlement network and their development is diverse, depending on their neighbourhood in respect of the regional capitals. The population and the employment fluctuation rates constitute some of a dozen of development indicators under examination. The changes in those indicators’ values were identified in the period of 1995-2010, and additionally, two more subperiods were identified: 1995-2003 and 2003-2010. Our research discovered essential differences in the population rates of small and medium-sized towns located in the functional areas of regional capital cities (Group I) and outside (Group II). In 1995-2010, we observed an increase of population in Group I and it was the only Group of towns with growing population nationwide. In view of the generally non-beneficial changes in the number of the employed nationwide in 1995-2010, a better situation occurred in the towns belonging to Group I. In some of the Polish regions, we found an increase of the number of the employed in that group of towns. An essential national increase of the number of the employed, identified in the sub-period of 2003-2010, was larger in the towns of Group I than Group II.
Locating South Africa within the global adventure tourism industry: the case of bungee jumping
Authors: McKay Tracey M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Bungee jumping is a global phenomenon and is an important sector of the adventure tourism market, acknowledged as an iconic form of hard adventure. Commercial operators are located in North and South America, Asia, Europe and Australasia. In Africa, commercial bungee jumping takes place in Uganda, Zambia and South Africa. This paper fills a gap in the international literature by firstly providing an overview of the global bungee industry, and secondly locating the South African bungee jumping sector within it. Thus, the supply side of the market is analysed geographically, with a focus on iconic, African and South African jump sites. The study found that bungee jumping takes on a similar form across the globe, notably, a high staff to client ratio; the need for strict safety measures; the provision of additional adventure activities on or near the site and the sale of souvenirs. The paper presents the hither to unknown commercial signature of bungee jumping. Finally, the case for South Africa’s commercial bungee jumping industry as a globally being globally competitive one is presented.
Resilience of Pomorskie region to economic crisis
Authors: Masik Grzegorz , Rzyski Stanisław 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Economic resilience is defined as the ability of the economy to overcome the negative external shocks. It depends on macroeconomic factors and internal conditions of the country or region. Macroeconomic factors include fiscal policy, economic and monetary policy. Among the internal factors economic structure, the level of restructuring and modernization of enterprises, competitiveness and innovation should be mentioned. Among the important soft internal factors level of human capital, including entrepreneurship can be distinguished. The aim of the paper is to present the issue of economic resilience and explain what are the main factors constituting resilience of Pomorskie region (voivodship) in Poland. To achieve this aim, authors first give a theoretical introduction regarding the economic resilience concept as well as describe the methods of economic resilience measurement. Secondly the macroeconomic, external factors affecting the analysed region are discussed. Next the authors measure resilience of Pomorskie region basing on statistical data and compare the resilience of Pomorskie region with other regions in Poland. At the and the authors, basing on extensive interviews with experts, representatives of regional business and administration, attempt to explain why Pomorskie region is more resilient to economic crises than other Polish regions. In this part Pomorskie economy structure is presented too.
Petrology and geochemistry of a peridotite body in Central- Carpathian Paleogene sediments (Sedlice, eastern Slovakia)
Authors: Koppa Matúš , Koller Friedrich , Putiš Marián 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We studied representative samples from a peridotite body situated NE of Sedlice village within the Central- Carpathian Paleogene sediments in the Central Western Carpathians. The relationship of the peridotite to the surrounding Paleogene sediments is not clear. The fractures of the brecciated peridotite margin are healed with secondary magnesite and calcite. On the basis of the presented bulk-rock and electron microprobe data, the wt. % amounts of mineral phases were calculated. Most of calculated “modal” compositions of this peridotite corresponds to harzburgites composed of olivine (∼70-80 wt. %), orthopyroxene (∼17-24 wt. %), clinopyroxene ( < 5 wt. %) and minor spinel ( < 1 wt. %). Harzburgites could originate from lherzolitic protoliths due to a higher degree of partial melting. Rare lherzolites contain porphyroclastic 1-2 mm across orthopyroxene (up to 25 wt. %), clinopyroxene (∼ 5-8 wt. %) and minor spinel ( < 0.75 wt. %). On the other hand, rare, olivine-rich dunites with scarce orthopyroxene porphyroclasts are associated with harzburgites. Metamorphic mineral assemblage of low-Al clinopyroxene (3), tremolite, chrysotile, andradite, Cr-spinel to chromite and magnetite, and an increase of fayalite component in part of olivine, indicate low-temperature metamorphic overprint. The Primitive Mantle normalized whole-rock REE patterns suggest a depleted mantle rock-suite. An increase in LREE and a positive Eu anomaly may be consequence of interactive metamorphic fluids during serpentinization. Similar rocks have been reported from the Meliatic Bôrka Nappe overlying the Central Western Carpathians orogenic wedge since the Late Cretaceous, and they could be a potential source of these peridotite blocks in the Paleogene sediments.
Provenance of Permian Malužiná Formation sandstones (Hronicum, Western Carpathians): evidence from monazite geochronology
Authors: Vozárová Anna , Konečný Patrik , Vďačný Marek , Vozár Jozef , Šarinová Katarína 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The Permian Malužiná Formation and the Pennsylvanian Nižná Boca Formation are Upper Paleozoic volcano- sedimentary complexes in the Hronicum nappe system. Sandstones, shales and conglomerates are the dominant lithological members of the Malužiná Formation sequence. Detrital monazites were analysed by electron microprobe, to obtain Th-U-Pb ages of the source areas. The majority of detrital monazites showed Devonian-Mississippian ages, ranging from 330 to 380 Ma with a weighted average of 351 ± 3.3 (2σ), that correspond well with the main phase of arcrelated magmatic activity in the Western Carpathians. Only a small portion of detrital monazites displayed Permian ages in the range of 250-280 Ma, with a significant maximum around 255 Ma. The weighted average corresponds to 255 ± 6.2 Ma. These monazites may have been partially derived from the synsedimentary acid volcanism that was situated on the margins of the original depositional basin. However, some of the Triassic ages (230-240 Ma), reflect, most likely, the genetic relationship with the overheating connected with Permian and subsequent Triassic extensional regime. Detrital monazite ages document the Variscan age of the source area and also reflect a gradual development of the Hronicum terrestrial rift, accompanied by the heterogeneous cooling of the lithosphere.