bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an Office Protocol to Increase Exclusivity of Breastfeeding
Authors: Corriveau Sharon K. , Drake Emily E. , Kellams Ann L. , Rovnyak Virginia G. 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine whether implementing a program based on a clinical protocol affects breastfeeding rates within a pediatric primary care setting. Increasing breastfeeding rates is an important public health initiative identified by multiple agencies.METHODS:The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (ABM) clinical protocol (“The Breastfeeding-Friendly Physician’s Office, Part 1: Optimizing Care for Infants and Children”) was used as a template for the provision of breastfeeding services within a pediatric primary care clinic. There were 757 mother–infant pairs included in the study. A retrospective before-and-after study design was used. Data collection points included the hospital stay, the newborn visit, and the 2-, 4-, and 6-month health maintenance visits. The 2 groups were compared to estimate the protocol’s effectiveness as a method of increasing breastfeeding rates.RESULTS:The results of this evaluation were positive for exclusive breastfeeding, with group comparisons showing a statistically significant increase in exclusive breastfeeding rates at all 5 time points.CONCLUSIONS:Our diverse patient population within a pediatric practice had increased initiation rates and exclusive breastfeeding rates after implementation of the ABM’s breastfeeding-friendly protocol. Families who receive care in a pediatric primary care setting that has implemented the ABM clinical protocol may have increased rates of exclusive breastfeeding.
Guided Self-Help for the Treatment of Pediatric Obesity
Authors: Boutelle Kerri N. , Norman Gregory J. , Rock Cheryl L. , Rhee Kyung E. , Crow Scott J. 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Clinic-based programs for childhood obesity are not available to a large proportion of the population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a guided self-help treatment of pediatric obesity (GSH-PO) compared with a delayed treatment control and to evaluate the impact of GSH-PO 6-months posttreatment.

METHODS:
Fifty overweight or obese 8- to 12-year-old children and their parents were randomly assigned to immediate treatment or to delayed treatment. The GSH-PO includes 12 visits over 5 months and addresses key components included in more intensive clinic-based programs. Children and parents in the immediate treatment arm were assessed at time 1 (T1), participated in GSH-PO between T1 and T2, and completed their 6-month posttreatment assessment at T3. Children and parents in the delayed treatment arm were assessed at T1, participated in GSH-PO between T2 and T3, and completed their 6-month posttreatment assessment at T4. The main outcome measures were BMI, BMI z score, and percentage overweight (%OW).

RESULTS:
Children in the immediate treatment GSH-PO arm decreased their BMI significantly more than did the delayed treatment arm (BMI group × time = −1.39; P &lt; .001). Similar results were found for BMI z score and %OW. At the 6-month posttreatment assessment, changes resulting from GSH-PO were maintained for BMI z score and %OW but not BMI (BMI time effect = −0.06, not significant; BMI z score time effect = −0.10, P &lt; .001; %OW time effect = −4.86, P &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
The GSH-PO showed initial efficacy in decreasing BMI for children in this study. Additional efficacy and translational studies are needed to additionally evaluate GSH-PO.
Epidemiology and Predictors of Failure of the Infant Car Seat Challenge
Authors: Davis Natalie Louise , Condon Freeman , Rhein Lawrence M. 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVES:The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends all neonates born at &lt;37 weeks’ gestation receive a predischarge Infant Car Seat Challenge (ICSC), a resource-intensive test with little information on failure rates and risk factors. We sought to determine incidence and predictors of failure to allow more selective testing.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective medical record review of 1173 premature neonates qualifying for the ICSC between 2009 and 2010. We looked at ICSC result and potential risk factors and then performed bivariate and multivariable logistic analyses to evaluate for predictors of failure.RESULTS:Overall incidence of failure was 4.3%. Infants who failed were less premature and had higher birth weights. Late-preterm infants made up 60% of our study population but accounted for 78% of failures (P = .019). Infants who passed had older chronologic ages at time of testing, were more likely to have been exposed to caffeine, and were more likely to have required some type of respiratory support than those that failed. Final multivariable model demonstrated that increasing birth gestational age (GA) increased the odds of failure when corrected for gender, race, and small for GA status. For every 1-day increase in birth GA the odds ratio of failure was 1.03 (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.05).CONCLUSIONS:We found that increasing birth GA was a significant predictor of failure, and that late-preterm infants comprised a significant percentage of infants who failed. This suggests that limiting testing to extremely premature infants would miss most cases of ICSC failure.
Long-term Effectiveness of Varicella Vaccine: A 14-Year, Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Baxter Roger , Ray Paula , Tran Trung N. , Black Steve , Shinefield Henry R. , Coplan Paul M. , Lewis Edwin , Fireman Bruce , Saddier Patricia 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND:
Varicella vaccine was licensed in the United States in 1995 for individuals ≥12 months of age. A second dose was recommended in the United States in June 2006. Varicella incidence and vaccine effectiveness were assessed in a 14-year prospective study conducted at Kaiser Permanente Northern California.

METHODS:
A total of 7585 children vaccinated with varicella vaccine in their second year of life in 1995 were followed up prospectively for breakthrough varicella and herpes zoster (HZ) through 2009. A total of 2826 of these children received a second dose in 2006–2009. Incidences of varicella and HZ were estimated and compared with prevaccine era rates.

RESULTS:
In this cohort of vaccinated children, the average incidence of varicella was 15.9 per 1000 person-years, nine- to tenfold lower than in the prevaccine era. Vaccine effectiveness at the end of the study period was 90%, with no indication of waning over time. Most cases of varicella were mild and occurred early after vaccination. No child developed varicella after a second dose. HZ cases were mild, and rates were lower in the cohort of vaccinated children than in unvaccinated children during the prevaccine era (relative risk: 0.61 [95% confidence interval: 0.43–0.89]).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study confirmed that varicella vaccine is effective at preventing chicken pox, with no waning noted over a 14-year period. One dose provided excellent protection against moderate to severe disease, and most cases occurred shortly after the cohort was vaccinated. The study data also suggest that varicella vaccination may reduce the risks of HZ in vaccinated children.
Hierarchical 3D Nanocomposites towards Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Zhu Jiahua , Wei Suying , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPolyaniline nanofibers (PANI-NFs)/graphite oxide (GO) nanocomposites with excellent interfacial interaction and elongated fiber structures were synthesized via a facile interfacial polymerization method. This method efficiently exfoliated the expanded layer structure of GO into individual sheet and thus significantly enhanced the specific surface area. The reduced diameter of PANI-NFs in PANI-NF/GO than that of pure PANI-NFs could shorten the diffusion distance and enhance the electro-active sites. The PANI-NFs/GO hybrid materials showed orders of magnitude enhancement in capacitance and better cycling stability than that of individual GO and PANI-NF components.
Si/TiOx Core/Shell Nanowires with Branched Cathode Support Structures for Pt Catalysts in PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: He Xiaoli , Phillips Richard , Kawde Anurag , Hansen Robin , Lee Jae Ho , Lund Isaac , Eisenbraun Eric , Geer Robert E. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThere are several significant challenges that must be overcome for PEM fuel cell commercialization such as electrode flooding, carbon corrosion, and significant cost due to the high loading of the platinum catalyst. Thus, a new structure is proposed for the cathode catalyst support consisting of Si/TiOx core/shell nanowires with branched structures, which has the potential to reduce electrode flooding, increase stability, and dramatically reduce the required Pt loading. In this study, Pt-coated Si/TiOx core/shell nanowires with and without branches are compared. The Pt surface area on supports with branch structures was calculated to be more than 4 times larger than on supports without branch structures, while keeping the Pt loading at only about 0.1 mg/cm2 (for the samples with branched structures). SEM, XRD, AES, and TEM were used to characterize the morphologies and structures of the as-prepared samples. Branched Si/TiOx core/shell nanowire structures may be a promising catalyst support to enable commercialization of highly cost-efficient PEM fuel cells and to promote an era of clean energy usage.
Electrochemical catalytic behavior for platinum functionalized TiO2 nanotube arrays in PEM fuel cells
Authors: Kawde Anurag Y , O'Toole Alexander W , He Xiaoli , Phillips Richard , Lemke Adam , Murray Thomas , Geer Robert , Eisenbraun Eric 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTConventional carbon electrode supports for platinum used in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell assemblies have issues related to carbon corrosion at typical cell operating and transient conditions. This corrosion gives rise to the evolution of greenhouse gases such as CO2, eventually degrading the carbon support and causing a loss of the catalyst specific area necessary to achieve the desired electrochemical performance. In this study, preliminary results are presented for Pt-functionalized TiO2 nanotube arrays as cathode catalyst supports for PEM fuel cells. The electrochemically synthesized TiO2 nanotube arrays were functionalized by different weight % of Pt via a solution-based approach using a dilute aqueous salt solution of hexachloroplatanic acid. Electron-beam based characterization techniques were used to study the structural and morphological features of the as-synthesized TiO2 nanotube arrays and functionalized Pt/TiO2 nanotube arrays. The electrochemical performance of the functionalized TiO2 nanotube arrays was studied by using cyclic voltammetry.
Synthesis, Electron Microscopy and Photocatalytic Activity Studies of Hierarchical TiO2 Based Nanofiber Catalysts for Photocatalysis and Hydrogen-Generation Applications
Authors: Mishra Srujan , Ahrenkiel Scott. P. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA newly developed, focused-jet, vertical style electrospinning process was employed to synthesize nanofibers of TiO2 doped with 2% and 2.5% w/v Ag nanoparticles. The as-spun nanofibers were calcined at 510 °C for 24 h in a tube furnace, with a ramp-rate of 5 °C/min, to yield polycrystalline nanofibers. Structural characterization of the prepared nanofibers was done using HR-TEM operated at 200 kV. High-resolution lattice-fringe measurements showed the presence of a mixed-phase anatase and rutile TiO2 nanostructure along with elemental Ag nanoparticles. BET analysis showed an average specific surface-area of 18.31 m2/g for the catalyst nanofibers. To measure the photocatalytic activity, a model compound, rhodamine-B dye, was used. Experimental results showed decay rates of 10.64 x 10-3 min-1 and 12.32 x 10-3 min-1 for the decay of rhodamine-B dye by TiO2/2% Ag and TiO2/2.5% Ag nanoparticles respectively.
Cross‐scale interactions among bark beetles, climate change, and wind disturbances: a landscape modeling approach
Authors: Temperli Christian , Bugmann Harald , Elkin Ché 
Published: April 2013

Bark beetles are a key forest disturbance agent worldwide, with their impact shaped by climate, forest susceptibility, and interactions with other disturbances such as windthrow and fire. There is ample evidence of the interactions among these factors at small spatial and temporal scales, but projecting their long‐term and landscape‐scale impacts remains a challenge.We developed a spatially explicit model of European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) dynamics that incorporates beetle phenology and forest susceptibility and integrated it in a climate‐sensitive landscape model (LandClim). We first corroborated model outputs at various spatial and temporal scales and then applied the model in three case studies (in the Black Forest, Germany, and Davos, Switzerland) that cover an extended climatic gradient. We used this model and case study framework to examine the mechanisms and feedbacks that are driving short‐term and long‐term interactions among beetle disturbance, climate change, and windthrow, and how they may shift in the future.At the current cold‐wet end of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) distribution, climate change is projected to increase temperature and drought, such that beetles become a more dominant disturbance agent. At the warm‐dry end of the spruce distribution, where, under current climate, beetle outbreaks are confined to the simultaneous occurrence of drought and windthrow, the simulated level of drought alone sufficed for triggering beetle outbreaks, such that elevated drought‐ and beetle‐induced spruce mortality would negatively feed back on beetle disturbance in the long term. This would lead to receding beetle populations due to the local extinction of Norway spruce.These results suggest that, depending on initial environmental conditions, climate change may shift the importance of direct and indirect drivers of disturbances. These shifts may affect the sign and strength of cross‐scale disturbance interactions and may impact the cost–benefit trade‐off between beetle suppression and preventive management strategies.
Epidemiological evaluation of cystine urolithiasis in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo): 70 cases (1992–2009)
Authors: Nwaokorie Eugene E. , Osborne Carl A. , Lulich Jody P. , Albasan Hasan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the prevalence of cystine uroliths in domestic ferrets with urolithiasis and determine whether age, breed, sex, reproductive status, anatomic location, and season are risk factors associated with cystine urolith formation.
Design—Retrospective cross-sectional case-control study.
Sample—Records of 435 ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) with uroliths submitted for analyses between 1992 and 2009, of which 70 were cystine uroliths.
Procedures—Specific descriptive information was obtained about each ferret to determine whether specific risk factors were associated with the development of cystine uroliths.
Results—Cystine uroliths comprised 70 of the 435 (16%) uroliths. Cystine uroliths were more common in male (n = 54) than in female (16) ferrets. All cystine uroliths were retrieved from the lower portion of the urinary tract (bladder and urethra [n = 67]) or were voided (3); none of the uroliths were retrieved from the upper portion of the urinary tract (kidney and ureters).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Awareness of the prevalence of cystine uroliths along with knowledge of etiologic, demographic, and environmental risk and protective factors for urolithiasis may facilitate development of surveillance strategies that result in earlier detection of cystinuria. Genetic factors associated with this disease have not yet been reported in ferrets, but a familial pattern of inheritance determined to be a major underlying factor in cystine urolithiasis in dogs and humans suggests that this may be a factor in ferrets and that the parent stock of ferrets in the present study may have been inbred.
Lymphoma in cats treated with a weekly cyclophosphamide-, vincristine-, and prednisone-based protocol: 114 cases (1998–2008)
Authors: Waite Angharad H. K. , Jackson Karen , Gregor Thomas P. , Krick Erika L. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the clinical response rate, progression-free survival time, overall survival time, and possible prognostic factors associated with a cyclophosphamide-, vincristine-, and prednisone (COP)-based chemotherapy protocol in cats with lymphoma.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—114 cats with lymphoma.
Procedures—Medical records of cats receiving a weekly COP-based chemotherapy protocol from 1998 to 2008 at the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania were evaluated for information regarding signalment, anatomic site of involvement, cell morphology, treatment, and outcome. Retroviral status, baseline weight, substage, anatomic location, dose delays, dose reductions, and response to treatment were evaluated for prognostic importance.
Results—The majority of cases (94 [82.4%]) were substage b, and the most common anatomic site was the gastrointestinal tract (57 [50%]). Clinical response rate after the first chemotherapy cycle was 47.4%. Response to treatment was significantly associated with progression-free survival time and overall survival time, whereas substage was significantly associated with progression-free survival time. The median progression-free survival time and overall survival time were 65.5 and 108 days, respectively. Compared with nonresponders, responders had significantly longer median progression-free survival time (364 vs 31 days) and median overall survival time (591 vs 73 days).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Clinical response after 1 cycle of COP-based chemotherapy was predictive for progression-free survival time and overall survival time in cats with lymphoma; therefore, response after 1 cycle of chemotherapy could be used to guide decisions about further treatment. No new prognostic factors were identified.
Diagnosis and treatment of proventricular nematodiasis in an umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba)
Authors: Mejia-Fava Johanna , Divers Stephen J. , Jiménez David A. , Ambrose Dana L. , Rech Raquel , Gottdenker Nicole L. , Mayer Jörg 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Case Description—A 16-year-old female umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba) was referred to the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine for evaluation of a 3-year seasonal history of lethargy and weight fluctuation.
Clinical Findings—Abnormalities detected via clinicopathologic analyses included mild leukocytosis, heterophilia, and lymphopenia consistent with a stress leukogram. Previous fecal examinations failed to diagnose enteric parasite infestation. Results of a fecal flotation test with Sheather sugar solution revealed spirurid eggs (Spiruroidea). Coelomic radiography revealed a widened cardiohepatic waist with increased soft tissue opacity at the level of the hepatic silhouette. The caudal thoracic and abdominal air sacs bilaterally appeared compressed against the coleomic wall. The proventriculus was increased in diameter, with a proventriculus-to-keel ratio of 1.0. Coelomic ultrasonography and positive-contrast upper gastrointestinal radiography revealed severe thickening and irregularity of the proventricular wall. The animal was anesthetized for an endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Intralesional nematodes were identified on histologic examination of biopsy specimens from the proventriculus.
Treatment and Outcome—Effective fenbendazole treatment (15 mg/kg [6.8 mg/lb], PO, alternating between 5 days of treatment and 5 days of no treatment, which continued for 4 periods) was confirmed by repeated endoscopy and fecal examinations. The bird remained free of clinical signs 27 months after diagnosis and treatment.
Clinical Relevance—Antemortem diagnosis of proventricular nematodiasis has not been reported in psittacines. Spirurid nematode eggs are shed intermittently, which may lead to false-negative results on a single routine fecal examination. In this patient, radiography, endoscopy, and histologic evaluation facilitated antemortem diagnosis. This is the first report of successful treatment of this condition in psittacines.
Histopathologic findings in the sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle of horses with vitamin E–responsive muscle atrophy and weakness
Authors: Bedford Holly E. , Valberg Stephanie J. , Firshman Anna M. , Lucio Michelle , Boyce Mary K. , Trumble Troy N. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Objective—To characterize clinical findings, outcomes, muscle characteristics, and serum or muscle concentrations of α-tocopherol for horses with vitamin E–responsive signs of muscle atrophy and weakness consistent with signs of equine motor neuron disease (EMND).
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Animals—8 affected (case) adult horses with acute (n = 3) or chronic (5) gross muscle atrophy that improved with vitamin E treatment and 14 clinically normal (control) adult horses with adequate (within reference range; 8) or low (6) muscle concentrations of α-tocopherol.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed, serum and muscle concentrations of α-tocopherol were measured, and frozen biopsy specimens of sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle and gluteal muscle were histologically evaluated for pathological changes. Fiber type composition and fiber diameters were assessed in gluteal muscle specimens.
Results—A myopathy that was histologically characterized by redistribution of mitochondrial enzyme stain (moth-eaten appearance) and anguloid atrophy of myofibers was evident in sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle fibers of the 8 affected horses that had low serum (6/8) or skeletal muscle (5/5) concentrations of α-tocopherol; these histopathologic changes were not found in muscle specimens of control horses with low or adequate muscle concentrations of α-tocopherol. All affected horses regained strength and muscle mass within 3 months after initiation of vitamin E treatment and dietary changes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A vitamin E–deficient myopathy characterized histologically by a moth-eaten appearance in the mitochondria and anguloid myofiber atrophy in frozen sections of sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle biopsy specimens was found in horses with clinical signs of EMND that were highly responsive to vitamin E treatment. This myopathy may be a specific syndrome or possibly precede the development of neurogenic muscle fiber atrophy typical of EMND.