bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay between self‐assembled structure of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) and osteoblast functions in three‐dimensional titanium alloy scaffolds: Stimulation of osteogenic activity
Authors: Nune K. C. , Kumar A. , Murr L. E. , Misra R. D. K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThree‐dimensional cellular scaffolds are receiving significant attention in bone tissue engineering to treat segmental bone defects. However, there are indications of lack of significant osteoinductive ability of three‐dimensional cellular scaffolds. In this regard, the objective of the study is to elucidate the interplay between bone morphogenetic protein (BMP‐2) and osteoblast functions on 3D mesh structures with different porosities and pore size that were fabricated by electron beam melting. Self‐assembled dendritic microstructure with interconnected cellular‐type morphology of BMP‐2 on 3D scaffolds stimulated osteoblast functions including adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization, with prominent effect on 2‐mm mesh. Furthermore, immunofluorescence studies demonstrated higher density and viability of osteoblasts on lower porosity mesh structure (2 mm) as compared to 3‐ and 4‐mm mesh structures. Enhanced filopodia cellular extensions with extensive cell spreading was observed on BMP‐2 treated mesh structures, a behavior that is attributed to the unique self‐assembled structure of BMP‐2 that effectively communicates with the cells. The study underscores the potential of BMP‐2 in imparting osteoinductive capability to the 3D printed scaffolds. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 517–532, 2016.
In vitro mineralization of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells on collagen/nano‐hydroxyapatite scaffolds coated carbon/carbon composites
Authors: Cao Sheng , Li Hejun , Li Kezhi , Lu Jinhua , Zhang Leilei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCollagen/nano‐hydroxyapatite (collagen/nHA) scaffolds were successfully prepared on carbon/carbon composites as bioactive films using the layer‐by‐layer coating method. Surface characterizations of collagen/nHA scaffolds were detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Compressive strengths of the scaffolds were evaluated by a universal test machine. In vitro biological performances were determined using scaffolds seeded with MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts‐like cells and cultured in mineralization medium for up to 21 days. In addition, cellular morphologies and several related gene expressions of MC3T3‐E1 cells in the scaffolds were also evaluated. Chemical and morphological analysis showed that the scaffolds had uniform pore sizes and unified phase composition. Mechanical testing indicated that the collagen/nHA scaffolds had the highest compressive strength in 50% of strain condition when the proportion of collagen and nano‐hydroxyapatite was 1:3. Cellular morphology observations and cytology tests indicated that MC3T3‐E1 cells were adhered on these scaffolds and proliferated. SEM photographs and gene expressions showed that mineralized MC3T3‐E1 cells and newly formed extra cellular matrix (ECM) filled up the pores of the scaffolds after the 3‐week mineralization inducement. Nano‐sized apatite particles were secreted from MC3T3‐E1 cells and combined with the reconstructed ECM. Collectively, collagen/nHA scaffolds provided C/C composites with a biomimetic surface for cell adhesion, proliferation and mineralized extra cellular matrices formation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 533–543, 2016.
The condition of the least‐squares finite element matrices
Authors: Fried Isaac 
Published: October 2015

SummaryA universal, practical, a priori, numerical procedure is presented by which to realistically bind the spectral condition number of the global stiffness matrix generated by the finite element least‐squares method. The procedure is then applied to second and fourth‐order problems in one and two dimensions to show that the condition of the global stiffness matrix thus generated is, in all instances, proportional to but the diameter of the element squared. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of defined ultrasound findings of unknown significance at the second trimester fetal anomaly scan and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes: the Welsh study of mothers and babies population‐based cohort
Authors: Hurt Lisa , Wright Melissa , Dunstan Frank , Thomas Susan , Brook Fiona , Morris Susan , Tucker David , Wills Marilyn Ann , Davies Colin , John Gareth , Fone David , Paranjothy Shantini 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this article was to estimate the population prevalence of seven defined ultrasound findings of uncertain significance (‘markers’) in the second trimester and the associated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodA prospective record‐linked cohort study of 30 078 pregnant women who had second trimester anomaly scans between July 2008 and March 2011 in Wales was conducted.ResultsThe prevalence of markers ranged from 43.7 per 1000 singleton pregnancies for cardiac echogenic foci [95% confidence interval (CI): 38.8, 51.1] to 0.6 for mild‐to‐moderate ventriculomegaly (95% CI: 0.3, 1.0). Isolated echogenic bowel was associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies [risk ratio (RR) 4.54, 95% CI: 2.12, 9.73] and preterm birth (RR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.90). Isolated pelvicalyceal dilatation was associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies (RR 3.82, 95% CI: 2.16, 6.77). Multiple markers were associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies (RR 5.00, 95% CI: 1.35, 18.40) and preterm birth (RR 3.38, 95% CI 1.20, 9.53).ConclusionsThese data are useful for counselling families and developing clinical guidance and care pathways following the detection of markers in clinical practice, particularly the need for follow‐up scans to monitor placental function and growth in pregnancies with isolated echogenic bowel, and further investigation for multiple markers. © 2015 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
α‐exomethylene lactone possessing acetal–ester linkage: Polymerization and postpolymerization modification for water‐soluble polymer
Authors: Kohsaka Yasuhiro , Matsumoto Yusuke , Zhang Tianyi , Matsuhashi Yosuke , Kitayama Tatsuki 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT2,6‐Dimethyl‐5‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxa‐4‐one (DMDO), a cyclic acrylate possessing acetal–ester linkage, was obtained as a mixture of cis‐ and trans‐isomers (95:5) from Baylis–Hillman reaction of an aryl acrylate. The radical and anionic polymerizations of DMDO yielded the corresponding vinyl polymers without any side reactions such as cleavage of the acetal–ester linkage. The polymerization behaviors were significantly different from that of the acyclic acrylate, α‐(hydroxymethyl)acrylic acid, which was expected inactive against polymerization due to the steric hindrance around the vinylidene group by the α‐substituent. The acetal–ester linkage of the obtained polymer (P1) was completely cleaved via acid hydrolysis to afford a water soluble polymer, P2. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 955–961
Applications of Next-Generation Sequencing in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Ma Yiyangzi , Shi Na , Li Mengtao , Chen Fei , Niu Haitao 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases are a group of heterogeneous disorders caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Although numerous causal genes have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), these susceptibility genes are correlated to a relatively low disease risk, indicating that environmental factors also play an important role in the pathogenesis of disease. The intestinal microbiome, as the main symbiotic ecosystem between the host and host-associated microorganisms, has been demonstrated to regulate the development of the body’s immune system and is likely related to genetic mutations in systemic autoimmune diseases. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, with high-throughput capacity and accuracy, provides a powerful tool to discover genomic mutations, abnormal transcription and intestinal microbiome identification for autoimmune diseases. In this review, we briefly outlined the applications of NGS in systemic autoimmune diseases. This review may provide a reference for future studies in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases.
Antifungal activity improved by coproduction of cyclodextrins and anabaenolysins in Cyanobacteria
Authors: Shishido Tania K. , Jokela Jouni , Kolehmainen Clara-Theresia , Fewer David P. , Wahlsten Matti , Wang Hao , Rouhiainen Leo , Rizzi Ermanno , De Bellis Gianluca , Permi Perttu , Sivonen Kaarina 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve drug delivery. Here, we show that cyclodextrins improve the antifungal activity of the anabaenolysins A and B lipopeptides and that are both produced by the same cyanobacteria. This study identifies the putative biosynthetic gene cluster involved in the synthesis of these unique cyanobacterial lipopeptide anabaenolysins.
Scalable clustering algorithms for continuous environmental flow cytometry
Authors: Hyrkas Jeremy , Clayton Sophie , Ribalet Francois , Halperin Daniel , Virginia Armbrust E. , Howe Bill 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Recent technological innovations in flow cytometry now allow oceanographers to collect high-frequency flow cytometry data from particles in aquatic environments on a scale far surpassing conventional flow cytometers. The SeaFlow cytometer continuously profiles microbial phytoplankton populations across thousands of kilometers of the surface ocean. The data streams produced by instruments such as SeaFlow challenge the traditional sample-by-sample approach in cytometric analysis and highlight the need for scalable clustering algorithms to extract population information from these large-scale, high-frequency flow cytometers.
Results: We explore how available algorithms commonly used for medical applications perform at classification of such a large-scale, environmental flow cytometry data. We apply large-scale Gaussian mixture models to massive datasets using Hadoop. This approach outperforms current state-of-the-art cytometry classification algorithms in accuracy and can be coupled with manual or automatic partitioning of data into homogeneous sections for further classification gains. We propose the Gaussian mixture model with partitioning approach for classification of large-scale, high-frequency flow cytometry data.
Availability and Implementation: Source code available for download at https://github.com/jhyrkas/seaflow_cluster, implemented in Java for use with Hadoop.
Contact: hyrkas@cs.washington.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Anaplastic astrocytoma and non-1p/19q co-deleted anaplastic oligoastrocytoma:
long-term survival, employment, and performance status of survivors
Authors: Pentsova Elena I. , Reiner Anne S. , Panageas Katherine S. , DeAngelis Lisa M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background
Despite optimal treatment for patients with anaplastic gliomas, median survival is 2 to 5 years, but some young adults survive longer. We sought to evaluate the functional and employment status of long-term survivors (5 years or more) diagnosed with anaplastic astrocytoma or non-1p/19q co-deleted anaplastic oligoastrocytoma.

Methods
We retrospectively identified patients with a diagnosis of anaplastic glioma at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 1999 to 2005. We reviewed demographics, pathology, 1p/19q status, survival, and treatment. Overall survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results
There were 195 patients; 167 with anaplastic astrocytoma and 28 with anaplastic oligoastrocytoma. All patients were observed either to death or last follow-up. Sixty-four patients (33%) were identified as long-term survivors; 58% of these were men. The median age of the long-term survivors was 39 years and the median Karnofsky Performance Score was 100 at diagnosis. Thirteen patients underwent stereotactic biopsy, 7 had a gross total resection, and 44 a subtotal resection. Fifty-four patients completed radiation therapy as initial treatment; 54 received chemotherapy. Five years following diagnosis, median KPS was 90 and 55% of long-term survivors were employed and remained fully functional.

Conclusions
One-third of patients with non-co-deleted anaplastic glioma were long-term survivors, and more than one-half of long-term survivors resumed their prior level of employment and activity. However, a significant proportion could not return to normal function. These findings have serious implications for the social and financial status of these predominantly young adult survivors.
Systematic features of axisymmetric neutrino-driven core-collapse supernova models in multiple progenitors
Authors: Nakamura Ko , Takiwaki Tomoya , Kuroda Takami , Kotake Kei 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We present an overview of two-dimensional (2D) core-collapse supernova simulations employing a neutrino transport scheme by the isotropic diffusion source approximation. We study 101 solar-metallicity, 247 ultra metal-poor, and 30 zero-metal progenitors covering zero-age main sequence mass from 10.8 M⊙ to 75.0 M⊙. Using the 378 progenitors in total, we systematically investigate how the differences in the structures of these multiple progenitors impact the hydrodynamics evolution. By following a long-term evolution over 1.0 s after bounce, most of the computed models exhibit neutrino-driven revival of the stalled bounce shock at ∼200–800 ms postbounce, leading to the possibility of explosion. Pushing the boundaries of expectations in previous one-dimensional studies, our results confirm that the compactness parameter ξ that characterizes the structure of the progenitors is also a key in 2D to diagnosing the properties of neutrino-driven explosions. Models with high ξ undergo high ram pressure from the accreting matter onto the stalled shock, which affects the subsequent evolution of the shock expansion and the mass of the protoneutron star under the influence of neutrino-driven convection and the standing accretion-shock instability. We show that the accretion luminosity becomes higher for models with high ξ, which makes the growth rate of the diagnostic explosion energy higher and the synthesized nickel mass bigger. We find that these explosion characteristics tend to show a monotonic increase as a function of the compactness parameter ξ.
Pharmacotherapy for Depression Posttraumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Salter Katherine L. , McClure J. Andrew , Foley Norine C. , Sequeira Keith , Teasell Robert W. 
Published: October 2015

Objective:
To examine the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of depression following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis. Multiple electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies examining effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for depression post-TBI. Clinical trials evaluating the use of pharmacotherapy in individuals with depression at baseline and using standardized assessments of depression were included. Data abstracted included sample size, antidepressant used, treatment timing/duration, method of assessment, and results pertaining to impact of treatment. Study quality was assessed using a modified Jadad scale.

Results:
Nine studies met criteria for inclusion. Pooled analyses based on reported means (standard deviations) from repeated assessments of depression showed that, over time, antidepressant treatment was associated with a significant effect in favor of treatment (Hedges g = 1.169; 95% confidence interval, 0.849-1.489; P < .001). Similarly, when limited to placebo-controlled trials, treatment was associated with a significant reduction in symptoms (standardized mean difference = 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.314-1.366; P = .002).

Conclusion:
Pharmacotherapy after TBI may be associated with a reduction in depressive symptomatology. Given limitations within the available literature, further well-powered, placebo-controlled trials should be conducted to confirm the effectiveness of antidepressant therapy in this population.
Evaluation of screening and brief intervention for hazardous alcohol use integrated into clinical practice in an inner-city Emergency Department
Authors: van Loon Merel , van Gaalen Angelique C.P. , van der Linden M. Christien , Hagestein-De Bruijn Carla 
Published: October 2015

Introduction
In small studies, Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) in Emergency Departments (EDs) is effective in reducing hazardous alcohol use.

Objective
To examine the effectiveness of SBIRT at an inner-city ED in routine clinical practice.

Methods
Of the 41 900 consecutive ED patients aged 18 years and older, 22 537 (53.8%) were screened using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C). Patients with positive AUDIT-C scores (men≥5 and women≥4) received educational leaflets. Brief interventions were performed by ED personnel trained in motivational interviewing. At 3 months, patients were contacted by telephone and recent drinking pattern was assessed.

Results
Out of 22 537 patients, 2209 (9.8%) had an elevated AUDIT-C score. Male sex, alcohol-related reason for ED visit, alcohol or other intoxication at ED visit, head injury, stomach or intestinal bleeding and wounds were significant predictors of hazardous alcohol use in both univariate and multivariate analysis (all P<0.001). Out of 2209 patients, 894 (40.5%) AUDIT-C-positive patients received an intervention: of these 894 patients, 70% received educational material and 30% received motivational intervention and educational material. In the subset of patients available for follow-up, 34.9% either reduced or stopped alcohol use.

Conclusion
Our study shows that in a large inner-city ED, SBIRT can be implemented in daily care. Screening uncovered large numbers of patients with hazardous alcohol use and identified several risk factors. Moreover, screening and intervention appeared to be effective in reducing alcohol intake.
Length of stay in emergency department and cerebral intravenous thrombolysis in community hospitals
Authors: Szczuchniak Wiktor , Kozera Grzegorz , Sobolewski Piotr , Brola Waldemar , Staszewski Jacek , Schminke Ulf , Nyka Walenty M. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives
Current guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke recommend completion of an evaluation within 60 min of the patient’s arrival at the emergency department (ED) because prolongation of ED length of stay (LOS) may reduce the efficacy of acute stroke treatment.

Aim
To evaluate the LOS in EDs at the community-based Polish stroke centers, to determine logistic, social, epidemiological, and clinical factors responsible for its prolongation, and to assess the association between increased LOS and the implementation of cerebral intravenous (IV) thrombolysis.

Materials and methods
This study carried out an evaluation of the medical records of 8398 patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack who consecutively reported to the Pomeranian Stroke Registry from 2010 to 2012.

Results
The median ED LOS in the studied cohort was 97 (44–196) min and was prolonged (>60 min) in 63.1% of patients. Prolongation of ED LOS contributed to a low (4.9%) IV thrombolysis rate. Functional status at discharge was worse in patients with prolonged versus nonprolonged LOS [modified Rankin scale: 2 (0–3) vs. 1 (0–3) points; P<0.001]. Multivariate analysis showed that onset-to-door time more than 270 min or unknown time of symptoms onset, referral to ED in urban areas, living alone, presence of diabetes, motor, sensory, visual, and gait deficits at stroke onset, and NIHSS score on admission contributed toward prolongation of ED LOS.

Conclusion
A prolonged ED LOS, because of ineffective prehospital logistics, ED urban location, patients’ risk factors, and cohabitation profile and stroke symptoms and severity, commonly exists among patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack and contributes toward a low rate of IV thrombolysis in Polish community hospitals.
Time delay to surgery for appendicitis: no difference between surgical assessment unit and emergency department
Authors: Schultz Helen , Qvist Niels , Pedersen Birthe D. , Mogensen Christian B. 
Published: October 2015

Background
In Denmark, emergency departments (EDs) are replacing acute surgical and medical units. The aim of this study was to compare the trajectory of patients undergoing surgery on the suspicion of appendicitis in a surgical assessment unit (SAU) and EDs with an observation unit, respectively. The primary outcome measure was the time from hospital arrival-to-decision for surgery.

Materials and methods
A comparative retrospective study with a cross-sectional design and a before-and-after design was carried out during January 2011 to December 2012 at a SAU and an ED at a university hospital (U-SAU and U-ED) and at an ED at a regional hospital (R-ED). Data included time of arrival, decision for surgery, surgery and discharge, and number of blood tests.

Results
In total, 250 patients were included. Time to decision for surgery was 4.50, 4.95, and 4.63 h (P=0.58) in the U-SAU, R-ED, and U-ED, respectively. Time from decision for surgery to start of surgery was 4.60, 3.29, and 4.12 h in the U-SAU, R-ED, and U-ED, respectively. The difference was significant between the U-SAU and R-ED (P=0.05) and between R-ED and U-ED (P=0.03). Time from surgery to discharge from the hospital was 17.88, 19.28, and 15.13 h in the U-SAU, R-ED, and U-ED, respectively. The difference was significant between the EDs (P=0.02). Significantly more blood tests were performed in the EDs than in the U-SAU.

Conclusion
The introduction of EDs with observation units did not influence time to decision for surgery, but more blood tests were performed.