bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mixture of generalized hyperbolic distributions
Authors: Browne Ryan P. , McNicholas Paul D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe introduce a mixture of generalized hyperbolic distributions as an alternative to the ubiquitous mixture of Gaussian distributions as well as their near relatives within which the mixture of multivariatet‐distributions and the mixture of skew‐tdistributions predominate. The mathematical development of our mixture of generalized hyperbolic distributions model relies on its relationship with the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution. The latter is reviewed before our mixture models are presented along with details of the aforesaid reliance. Parameter estimation is outlined within the expectation–maximization framework before the clustering performance of our mixture models is illustrated via applications on simulated and real data. In particular, the ability of our models to recover parameters for data from underlying Gaussian and skew‐tdistributions is demonstrated. Finally, the role of generalized hyperbolic mixtures within the wider model‐based clustering, classification, and density estimation literature is discussed.The Canadian Journal of Statistics43: 176–198; 2015 © 2015 Statistical Society of Canada
Volatility prediction based on scheduled macroeconomic announcements
Authors: Petralias Athanassios , Dellaportas Petros 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe investigate the impact of scheduled macroeconomic announcements on the volatility of exchange rates by introducing a flexible model formulation. For each macroeconomic index we estimate cutoff points in the surprise component of the announcement that specify the degree the volatility process is affected. This degree is quantified by jumps of unknown size that occur before and at the time of the announcement and then die out exponentially with unknown rate. We make inferences using a population Markov chain Monte Carlo reversible jump algorithm and illustrate our methodology by predicting exchange rates volatility using 15 U.S. macroeconomic announcements. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 43: 199–223; 2015 © 2015 Statistical Society of Canada
Role of the Polymer Matrix on the Photoluminescence of Embedded CdSe Quantum Dots
Authors: Tselikov Gleb I. , Timoshenko Victor Yu , Golovan Leonid A. , Plenge Jürgen , Shatalova Alina M. , Shandryuk Georgiy A. , Kutergina Irina Yu , Merekalov Alexey S. , Rühl Eckart , Talroze Raisa V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe photoluminescence (PL) of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) that form stable nanocomposites with polymer liquid crystals (LCs) as smectic C hydrogen‐bonded homopolymers from a family of poly[4‐(n‐acryloyloxyalkyloxy)benzoic acids] is reported. The matrix that results from the combination of these units with methoxyphenyl benzoate and cholesterol‐containing units has a cholesteric structure. The exciton PL band of QDs in the smectic matrix is redshifted with respect to QDs in solution, whereas a blueshift is observed with the cholesteric matrix. The PL lifetimes and quantum yield in cholesteric nanocomposites are higher than those in smectic ones. This is interpreted in terms of a higher order of the smectic matrix in comparison to the cholesteric one. CdSe QDs in the ordered smectic matrix demonstrate a splitting of the exciton PL band and an enhancement of the photoinduced differential transmission. These results reveal the effects of the structure of polymer LC matrices on the optical properties of embedded QDs, which offer new possibilities for photonic applications of QD–LC polymer nanocomposites.
Intense Upconversion Luminescence of CaSc2O4:Ho3+/Yb3+ from Large Absorption Cross Section and Energy‐Transfer Rate of Yb3+
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Jiahua , Hao Zhendong , Chen Li , Zhang Xia , Luo Yongshi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractConcentration‐optimized CaSc2O4:0.2 % Ho3+/10 % Yb3+ shows stronger upconversion luminescence (UCL) than a typical concentration‐optimized upconverting phosphor Y2O3:0.2 % Ho3+/10 % Yb3+ upon excitation with a 980 nm laser diode pump. The 5F4+5S2→5I8 green UCL around 545 nm and 5F5→5I8 red UCL around 660 nm of Ho3+ are enhanced by factors of 2.6 and 1.6, respectively. On analyzing the emission spectra and decay curves of Yb3+: 2F5/2→2F7/2 and Ho3+: 5I6→5I8, respectively, in the two hosts, we reveal that Yb3+ in CaSc2O4 exhibits a larger absorption cross section at 980 nm and subsequent larger Yb3+: 2F5/2→Ho3+: 5I6 energy‐transfer coefficient (8.55×10−17 cm3 s−1) compared to that (4.63×10−17 cm3 s−1) in Y2O3, indicating that CaSc2O4:Ho3+/Yb3+ is an excellent oxide upconverting material for achieving intense UCL.
Structural Transformation of ZnII‐Dipyridylamide‐Based Coordination Frameworks: Hybrid‐Ligand and Metal Effects
Authors: Tzeng Biing‐Chiau , Chang Tsung‐Yi , Tsai Miao‐Hsin , Lin Yu‐Ting , Lee Shiu‐Feng , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA series of one‐dimensional (1D) double‐zigzag ({[Zn(papx)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2}n (x=so 1, sc 3, oc 5, and soc 7) and 2D polyrotaxane ([Zn(papx)2(ClO4)2]n (x=so 2, sc 4, oc 6, and soc 8) frameworks are synthesized by the reactions of Zn(ClO4)2 with equimolar amounts of papx (i.e., papso=1/2paps+1/2papo, papsc=1/2paps+1/2papc, papoc=1/2papo+1/2papc, and papsoc=1/3paps+1/3papo+1/3papc; paps=N,N′‐bis(pyridylcarbonyl)‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl thioether, papo=N,N′‐bis(pyridylcarbonyl)‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether, papc=N,N′‐(methylenedi‐p‐phenylene)bispyridine‐4‐carboxamide). The new frameworks are isolated and characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction studies, elemental analysis, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. In addition, synthesis and structural characterization of 2D polyrotaxane frameworks of [Cu(papx)2(ClO4)2]n (x=s 9, o 10, and c 11) by the reaction of Cu(ClO4)2 with the respective dipyridylamide ligands are carried out. Based on the PXRD experiments, upon heating, the double‐zigzag frameworks of 1, 3, 5, and 7 undergo structural transformation to give the respective polyrotaxane frameworks of 2, 4, 6, and 8. Moreover, grinding the solid samples of 2, 4, 6, and 8 in the presence of moisture also result in the total conversion back into the double‐zigzag frameworks of 1, 3, 5, and 7, respectively. Remarkably, grinding the solid samples of polyrotaxane frameworks of 9 and 10 in the presence of moisture fails to induce a structural transformation process.
A first study comparing preservation of a ready‐to‐eat soup under pressure (hyperbaric storage) at 25°C and 30°C with refrigeration
Authors: Moreira Sílvia A. , Fernandes Pedro A. R. , Duarte Ricardo , Santos Diana I. , Fidalgo Liliana G. , Santos Mauro D. , Queirós Rui P. , Delgadillo Ivonne , Saraiva Jorge A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHyperbaric storage (HS), storage under pressure at 25°C and 30°C, of a ready‐to‐eat (RTE) soup was studied and compared with refrigeration. Soup was stored at different time (4 and 8 h), temperature (4°C, 25°C, and 30°C), and pressure (0.1, 100, and 150 MPa) conditions, to compare microbial loads and physicochemical parameters. HS resulted in similar (microbial growth inhibition) to better (microbial inactivation) results compared to refrigeration, leading to equal and lower microbial loads, respectively, at the end of storage. Lower/higher pressure (100 vs. 150 MPa) and shorter/longer storage times (4 vs. 8 h) resulted in more pronounced microbial growth inhibition/microbial inactivation. Aerobic mesophiles showed less susceptibility to HS, compared to Enterobacteriaceae and yeast and molds. HS maintained generally the physicochemical parameters at values similar to refrigeration. Thus, HS with no need for temperature control throughout storage and so basically energetically costless, is a potential alternative to refrigeration.
Preferential flow mechanisms identified from staining experiments in forested hillslopes
Authors: Gerke Kirill M. , Sidle Roy C. , Mallants Dirk 
Published: February 2015

AbstractField staining experiments in five different plots at two sites in Japan (Okaya in Nagano Prefecture and Konohara in Mie Prefecture) were undertaken to improve understanding of subsurface stormflow runoff within organic layers of natural forested hillslopes. This type of shallow lateral subsurface flow, specifically referred to as biomat flow, was observed only at the Okaya site based on staining experiments conducted under controlled water application rates. When the same irrigation rate (50–100 mm h−1) was applied to the Konohara site, overland flow without a significant shallow subsurface component was the dominant flow mechanism. Even in gently sloping (15–20°) forest soils at the Okaya site, biomat flow was responsible for lateral dye transport over much longer distances than subsurface flow in the matrix of mineral soil layers. Based on analysis of staining pattern images observed in the Okaya site, we conclude that (i) the organic biomat layer could be divided into two sub‐layers of different structure, (ii) biomat flow transported the dye tracer longer distances than subsurface flow in the matrix and (iii) the biomat layer topography affected biomat flow by generating preferential flowpaths and subsequent percolation into the deeper soil. Based on field experimental results and pore‐scale consideration of water infiltration into pores of soils with varying wettability properties, we hypothesized and developed a conceptual model for two key biomat flow mechanisms. The first mechanism considers lateral subsurface flow because of a permeability contrast between the much more porous and hence permeable biomat layer and the underlying mineral soil. The second mechanism involves a hydrophobic soil layer between the biomat and the underlying mineral soil. Flow across the hydrophobic layer is believed to occur when a threshold pore pressure is exceeded, i.e. as a result of a perched water table within the biomat layer. Lower pore pressures are needed to initiate flow when preferential flow paths exist, which are less hydrophobic than the surrounding organic layers. Numerical models of catchment hydrology should include lateral biomat flow when such layers are present in hillslope soils, in addition to typical subsurface flow within the soil matrix. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Nomadic Knowledge”
Authors: Guzzetti Barbara J. , Foley Leslie M. , Lesley Mellinee 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAdult men create zines (self‐publications written as alternative to commercial magazines) that advance content learning and knowledge. We describe three of these zine writers who created five zines on topics related to the disciplines of science, social studies, and English/language arts. We collected their zines, interviewed the authors, and analyzed their zines’ supporting social media. These men wrote to author their lives, share their passions for a discipline, and motivate their readers to explore topics on their own through alternative textual forms and forums. These zinesters used multi‐textual forms, fiction, and humor as tactical strategies to engage readers and in doing so, they provide models for incorporating the ethos of zines in content instruction. Recommendations are provided for appropriate and inappropriate uses of zines for content and disciplinary literacy teaching and learning.
Label‐free, zeptomole cancer biomarker detection by surface‐enhanced fluorescence on nanoporous gold disk plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Santos Greggy M. , Zhao Fusheng , Zeng Jianbo , Li Ming , Shih Wei‐Chuan 
Published: February 2015

We experimentally demonstrate a label‐free biosensor for the ERBB2 cancer gene DNA target based on the distance‐dependent detection of surface‐enhanced fluorescence (SEF) on nanoporous gold disk (NPGD) plasmonic nanoparticles. We achieve detection of 2.4 zeptomole of DNA target on the NPGD substrate with an upper concentration detection limit of 1 nM. Without the use of molecular spacers, the NPGD substrate as an SEF platform was shown to provide higher net fluorescence for visible and NIR fluorophores compared to glass and non‐porous gold substrates. The enhanced fluorescence signals in patterned nanoporous gold nanoparticles make NPGD a viable material for further reducing detection limits for biomolecular targets used in clinical assays.
With patterned nanoporous gold disk (NPGD) plasmonic nanoparticles, a label‐free biosensor that makes use of distance‐dependent detection of surface‐enhanced fluorescence (SEF) is constructed and tested for zeptomole detection of ERBB2 cancer gene DNA targets.magnified imageWith patterned nanoporous gold disk (NPGD) plasmonic nanoparticles, a label‐free biosensor that makes use of distance‐dependent detection of surface‐enhanced fluorescence (SEF) is constructed and tested for zeptomole detection of ERBB2 cancer gene DNA targets.
Fe–Au and Fe–Ag composites as candidates for biodegradable stent materials
Authors: Huang Tao , Cheng Jian , Bian Dong , Zheng Yufeng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this study, Fe–Ag and Fe–Au composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy using spark plasma sintering. Their microstructures, mechanical properties, and biocorrosion behavior were investigated by using optical microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, environment scanning electronic microscopy, compressive test, electrochemical measurements, and immersion tests. Microstructure characterization indicated that the as‐sintered iron‐based materials obtained much finer grains than that of as‐cast pure iron. Phase analysis showed that the Fe–Ag composites were composed of α‐Fe and pure Ag phases, and Fe–Au composites consisted of α‐Fe and Au phases. Compressive test showed that the improved mechanical strengths were obtained in as‐sintered iron‐based materials, among which the Fe‐5 wt %Ag exhibited the best mechanical properties. The electrochemical and immersion tests revealed that the addition of Ag and Au could increase the corrosion rate of the iron matrix and change the corrosion mode into more uniform one. Based on the results of cytotoxicity evaluation, it was found that all the experimental material extracts performed no significant toxicity on the L‐929 cells and EA. hy‐926 cells, whereas a considerable inhibition on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells was observed. The hemocompatibility tests showed that the hemolysis of all the experimental materials was within the range of 5%, which is the criteria value of biomaterials with good hemocomaptibility. The amount of platelet adhered on the surface of as‐sintered iron‐based materials was lower than that of as‐cast pure iron, and the morphology of platelets kept smoothly spherical on the surface of all the experimental materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 225–240, 2016.
Quercetin Metabolites Up‐Regulate the Antioxidant Response in Osteoblasts Isolated From Fetal Rat Calvaria
Authors: Messer Jonathan G. , Hopkins Robin G. , Kipp Deborah E. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTOxidative stress contributes to osteoporosis by suppressing differentiation of osteoblasts, suggesting the osteoblast antioxidant response may be a viable strategy for osteoporosis prevention. Quercetin, an antioxidant flavonol, up‐regulates the antioxidant response in many cell types, but studies are needed to understand the effects of quercetin plasma metabolites on the osteoblast antioxidant response. The first specific aim was to examine antioxidant response genes and proteins in osteoblasts exposed to plasma quercetin metabolites. The second specific aim was to identify potential signaling pathways in the osteoblast antioxidant response that mediate the effect of quercetin, specifically Nrf2, ERK1/2, and NFκB p65. Osteoblasts isolated from fetal rat calvaria were treated with doses up to 20 μM of three different quercetin metabolites found in blood plasma after consumption of quercetin‐rich foods or supplements: quercetin aglycone (QRC), isorhamnetin (ISO), or quercetin 3‐O‐glucuronide (Q3G). Alternatively, some cells received a 2:1:1 mixture of all three metabolites (10 μM Q3G: 5 μM ISO: 5 μM QRC) to evaluate synergistic effects. Antioxidant response genes and proteins known to be up‐regulated by quercetin were analyzed along with Nrf2, ERK1/2, and NFκB proteins. Both QRC and ISO, but not Q3G, up‐regulated heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and γ‐glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) at the mRNA and protein level. Synergistic effects of metabolites were not observed. Up‐regulation of HO‐1 and GCLC was associated with suppression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and NFκB, but no alterations in Nrf2 protein levels were observed. This study shows that the antioxidant response of osteoblasts is differentially stimulated by quercetin metabolites. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1857–1866, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of pig genetic type on sensory properties and consumer acceptance of Parma, San Daniele and Toscano dry‐cured hams
Authors: Pagliarini Ella , Laureati Monica , Dinnella Caterina , Monteleone Erminio , Proserpio Cristina , Piasentier Edi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated the sensory properties and acceptability of different Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) dry‐cured hams. For each PDO, two genotypes were selected: IL×LW (reference hybrid) and Goland (commercial hybrid).RESULTSAccording to descriptive analysis, genetic variance affected few attributes describing Toscano and San Daniele ham sensory quality. The commercial hybrid Parma ham was distinct from the traditional one, the Goland genotype being significantly higher in red color, saltiness, dryness and hardness and showing a lower intensity of pork‐meat odor/flavor and sweetness than the IL×LW genotype. Consumer acceptance was mainly influenced by the PDO technology. A genotype effect on acceptance was only observed in Toscano ham. Principal component regression analysis revealed that Toscano ham was the preferred sample. Considering that the consumers involved were from Tuscany, it is likely that Toscano ham was preferred owing to their higher familiarity with this product.CONCLUSIONSensory properties of ham samples were better discriminated according to their PDO than their genotype. Likewise, consumer liking was more affected by the specific PDO technology than by genetic type. Toscano ham was the most preferred and most familiar product among Tuscan consumers, indicating that familiarity with the product was the best driver of dry‐cured ham preference. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamics of Runoff and Suspended Sediment Transport in a Highly Erodible Catchment on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Tian Peng , Zhai Jianqing , Zhao Guangju , Mu Xingmin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRunoff is the key factor to understand the land degradation causing high risk of soil erosion and can reduce the water available for human societies and ecosystems. The dynamics of runoff and suspended sediment transport are not completely understood. In this study, we examined the trends, breaking point and regime changes for the runoff and sediment load at different temporal scales using 50 years of continuous observational data from a highly erodible sub‐catchment with an area of 7,325 km2 in the Beiluo River basin on the Loess Plateau, China. At the annual scale, the runoff and sediment load declined significantly (p < 0·05) with decreasing rates of −0·23 mm y−1 and −164·9 Mg km−2 y−1, respectively. Abrupt changes in the runoff and sediment load series were detected between 1979 and 1999; thus, the data were divided into intervals of 1960–1979, 1980–1999 and 2000–2009. The flow duration curve analysis indicated increasing low‐flow values and decreasing daily runoff and sediment discharge peaks, which suggested that soil and water conservation measures reduced the volume of runoff and the sediment load. This led to a more uniform runoff regime. At the flood event scale, we investigated the relationship between runoff and the suspended sediment load based on 123 flood events, which showed clearly that the magnitude and frequency of hyper‐concentrated sediment flows decreased in 2000–2009 compared with 1960–1999. The annual erosive rainfall exhibited non‐significant changes throughout the entire study period. We conclude that soil and water conservation measures (e.g. afforestation, grassing, terraces and check dams) have played major roles in the changes in runoff and the sediment load in the Beiluo River catchment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Evidence of Early Chalcolithic Interpersonal Violence in the Middle Ebro Valley (Spain): Two Arrowhead Injuries from the Swallet of Las Yurdinas II
Authors: Fernández‐Crespo T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTwo new cases of Early Chalcolithic arrowhead injuries are described. They come from the funerary site of Las Yurdinas II (Basque Country, Spain), a rock shelter with a little swallet where at least 90 subjects were interred. The lesions are located in a right humerus and a left ulna belonging to adult individuals, one of whom is a male, and both show signs of healing. Other possible signs of violence have been found in the collection, including one cranial trauma and two parry fractures. Both arrowhead injuries are set in the context of similar findings in the Middle Ebro Valley, assessing the number and distribution of cases, signs of healing, possible impact trajectory and the age and sex estimation of the individuals affected. Increasing social complexity and demographic pressure in the region may be causally linked to such an evidence. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardioprotective role of growth/differentiation factor 1 in post‐infarction left ventricular remodelling and dysfunction
Authors: Bao Ming‐Wei , Zhang Xiao‐Jing , Li Liangpeng , Cai Zhongxiang , Liu Xiaoxiong , Wan Nian , Hu Gangying , Wan Fengwei , Zhang Rui , Zhu Xueyong , Xia Hao , Li Hongliang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGrowth/differentiation factor 1 (GDF1) is a secreted glycoprotein of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily that mediates cell differentiation events during embryonic development. GDF1 is expressed in several tissues, including the heart. However, the functional role of GDF1 in myocardial infarction (MI)‐induced cardiac remodelling and dysfunction is not known. Here, we performed gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function studies using cardiac‐specific GDF1 transgenic (TG) and knockout (KO) mice to determine the role of GDF1 in the pathogenesis of functional and architectural cardiac remodelling after MI, which was induced by surgical left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of GDF1 in the heart causes a significant decrease in MI‐derived mortality post‐MI and leads to attenuated infarct size expansion, left ventricular (LV) dilatation, and cardiac dysfunction at 1 week and 4 weeks after MI injury. Compared with control animals, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation, hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis were all remarkably reduced in the GDF1‐TG mice following MI. In contrast, GDF1 deficiency greatly exacerbated the pathological cardiac remodelling response after infarction. Further analysis of the in vitro and in vivo signalling events indicated that the beneficial role of GDF1 in MI‐induced cardiac dysfunction and LV remodelling was associated with the inhibition of non‐canonical (MEK–ERK1/2) and canonical (Smad) signalling cascades. Overall, our data reveal that GDF1 in the heart is a novel mediator that protects against the development of post‐infarction cardiac remodelling via negative regulation of the MEK–ERK1/2 and Smad signalling pathways. Thus, GDF1 may serve as a valuable therapeutic target for the treatment of MI. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.