bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of an Acoustic Device to Estimate Size Distribution of Channel Catfish in Commercial Ponds
Authors: Goodwiller Bradley T , Beecham Rachel V , Heffington J D , Chambers James P 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
As one step in the continued effort to utilize acoustic methods and techniques to the betterment of catfish aquaculture, an acoustic “catfish sizer” was designed to determine the size distribution of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus in commercial ponds. The catfish sizer employed a custom-built 460 kHz piezoelectric transducer with a 20° beam angle. The sizer was built at the National Center for Physical Acoustics and tested in commercial catfish ponds in Mississippi and Arkansas in June and October. To test the system, fish were collected in seven different ponds using a cut seine. They were weighed and then sent through a pipe into the open pond. The transducer was mounted underwater at the end of the pipe. As the individual fish exited the pipe, they passed through the acoustic field created by the transducer and the echo detected by the transducer was recorded. In three of the seven ponds, calibration tests were run. For these calibration tests, the same process was used with the added step that a jet of bubbles was introduced in front of the transducer after every fifth fish. Analysis of the measured fish weights and acoustic data were used to produce a Gaussian prediction model. This model was applied to the data from the blind tests to predict the average weight and the SD of fish in each pond. The device and methodology worked well, with significant differences between the measured and calculated weights found in only one of the seven ponds tested.
Associations between showering behaviours following physical education, physical activity and fitness in English schoolchildren
Authors: Sandercock Gavin R. H. , Ogunleye Ayodele , Voss Christine 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe aimed to describe the frequency of showering after physical education (PE) in English high‐school pupils. We examined differences in physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness according to showering behaviours and examined predictors of showering. We measured PA and cardiorespiratory fitness of n = 3921 pupils (11–16 years, 53.5% males) from eight high schools. Pupils self‐reported showering behaviour and parental PA levels. We calculated deprivation and distance travelled to school from their home postcode. Overall, 53% of boys and 68% of girls said they never shower after PE. Pupils who did not shower after PE were less physically active and engaged in fewer team sports. Girls who did not shower also had lower cardiorespiratory fitness than those who did. Showering behaviour varied greatly by school, so we adjusted for clustering at the school level. Pupils were more likely to shower if they were active with their parents [odds ratio (OR) = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.43, 2.07] and less likely to shower if they were from deprived areas (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.88). Showering after PE is relatively rare in English schoolchildren, particularly girls. While we cannot infer causality regarding the relationships found here, the low rates of showering and the lower PA and cardiorespiratory fitness (in girls) observed in schoolchildren who do not shower suggest research is needed to determine whether showering is a barrier to being physically active during PE.
Not all players are equally motivated: The role of narcissism
Authors: Roberts Ross , Woodman Tim , Lofthouse Sian , Williams Lucy 
Published: December 2014

AbstractResearch on motivational climates consistently demonstrates that mastery‐focused climates are associated with positive outcomes and ego‐involving performance climates lead to maladaptive outcomes. However, the role of personality within such a framework has been largely ignored. To redress this imbalance, we examined the potential role of narcissism in moderating the effects of different motivational climates on leader‐inspired extra effort in training. Training is where rugby players spend most of their rugby time and we were keen to examine the combination of personality and climate that might maximise the yield of such training environments. Female rugby players (n = 126) from 15 clubs completed measures of narcissism, motivational climate and effort. Moderated regression analyses revealed that narcissism moderated the relationship between motivational climate and effort. Increases in either performance or mastery climates were associated with increases in effort for narcissists; no such relationship was revealed for low narcissists. The findings demonstrate the importance of considering personality within rugby training environments, as it is clear that not every player will respond the same way to specific training conditions. Coaches who understand this and are able to tailor individualised motivational climates will likely gain the greatest benefits from their different players.
DETECTION OF STARS WITHIN ∼0.8 in OF Kepler
OBJECTS OF INTEREST
Authors: Kolbl Rea , Marcy Geoffrey W. , Isaacson Howard , Howard Andrew W. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
We present an algorithm to search for the faint spectrum of a second star mixed
with the spectrum of a brighter star in high resolution spectra. We model
optical stellar spectra as the sum of two input spectra drawn from a vast
library of stars throughout the H-R diagram. From typical spectra having a
resolution of R = 60,000, we are able to detect companions as faint as 1%
relative to the primary star in approximately the V and R bandpasses of
photometry. We are also able to find evidence for triple and quadruple systems,
given that any additional companions are sufficiently bright. The precise
threshold percentage depends on the signal-to-noise of the spectrum and the
properties of the two stars. For cases of non-detection, we place a limit on the
brightness of any potential companions. This algorithm is useful for detecting
faint orbiting companions and background stars that are angularly close to a
foreground target star. The size of the entrance slit to the spectrometer, 0.87
× 3 arcsec (typically), sets the angular domain within which the second
star can be detected. We analyzed Keck-HIRES spectra of 1160 California
Kepler Survey objects of interest (KOI) searching for the
secondary spectra, with the two goals of alerting the community to two possible
host stars of the transiting planet and to dilution of the light curve. We
report 63 California KOI showing spectroscopic evidence of a secondary star.
Bayesian inversion of time‐lapse seismic data for the estimation of static reservoir properties and dynamic property changes
Authors: Grana Dario , Mukerji Tapan 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTSeismic conditioning of static reservoir model properties such as porosity and lithology has traditionally been faced as a solution of an inverse problem. Dynamic reservoir model properties have been constrained by time‐lapse seismic data. Here, we propose a methodology to jointly estimate rock properties (such as porosity) and dynamic property changes (such as pressure and saturation changes) from time‐lapse seismic data. The methodology is based on a full Bayesian approach to seismic inversion and can be divided into two steps. First we estimate the conditional probability of elastic properties and their relative changes; then we estimate the posterior probability of rock properties and dynamic property changes. We apply the proposed methodology to a synthetic reservoir study where we have created a synthetic seismic survey for a real dynamic reservoir model including pre‐production and production scenarios. The final result is a set of point‐wise probability distributions that allow us to predict the most probable reservoir models at each time step and to evaluate the associated uncertainty. Finally we also show an application to real field data from the Norwegian Sea, where we estimate changes in gas saturation and pressure from time‐lapse seismic amplitude differences. The inverted results show the hydrocarbon displacement at the times of two repeated seismic surveys.
The spread of injectate during saphenous nerve block at the adductor canal: a cadaver study
Authors: ANDERSEN H. L. , ANDERSEN S. L. , TRANUM‐JENSEN J. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThe spread of injectate during a saphenous nerve block at the adductor canal has not been clearly described.MethodsWe examined the spread of 15 ml dyed injectate during ultrasound‐guided saphenous nerve blocks at the adductor canal in 15 unembalmed cadavers' lower limbs followed by comparative dissections of the same limbs.ResultsThe spread of the injectates was determined by the fascial limits and the muscles surrounding the adductor canal. The anteromedial limit of the adductor canal (the roof) was found to be a continuous fascia, with a thin proximal part and a thicker distal part (the vastoadductor membrane) covering the canal from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus. The fascial limits of the adductor canal formed a conduit around the femoral neurovascular bundle. The dyed aqueous injectate spread throughout the entire adductor canal to the femoral triangle and reached 1–2 cm into the popliteal fossa. Injections superficial to the adductor canal spread over the femoral artery within the subsartorial fat compartment resembling the injections within the canal but with ultrasonographic distinct features. These injections spread only half the length of the adductor canal. The only nerve observed within the adductor canal was the saphenous nerve.ConclusionsInjection of 15 ml dye was sufficient to spread throughout the adductor canal and beyond both proximally and distally. Distinct ultrasonographic features could be identified separating a subsartorial injection from an injection within the adductor canal with consequent differences in the spread.
Images of psychiatry and psychiatrists
Authors: Stuart H. , Sartorius N. , Liinamaa T. ,   the Images Study Group
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveThis study surveyed medical teaching faculty to determine their attitudes toward psychiatry and psychiatrists.MethodWe conducted a multisite survey of a probability sample of 1057 teaching medical faculty members from 15 academic teaching centers in the United Kingdom, Europe, and Asia stratified by early, middle, and late career stage. The average response rate across countries was 65%.ResultsThe outstanding findings were that 90% of respondents considered that psychiatrists were not good role models for medical students, 84% thought psychiatric patients were unsuitable to be treated outside of specialized facilities, and 73% thought psychiatric patients were emotionally draining. We noted statistically significant differences by country, gender, career stage, and specialty.ConclusionThese results highlight why recruitment into psychiatry is problematic in many countries and suggest that greater attention should be given to improving the perception of psychiatrists as good role models and the efficacy of psychiatric treatments.
A longitudinal study of the association of adolescent polydrug use, alcohol use and high school non‐completion
Authors: Kelly Adrian B. , Evans‐Whipp Tracy J. , Smith Rachel , Chan Gary C. K. , Toumbourou John W. , Patton George C. , Hemphill Sheryl A. , Hall Wayne D. , Catalano Richard F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimsFailure to complete high school predicts substantial economic and social disadvantage in adult life. The aim of this study was to determine the longitudinal association of mid‐adolescent polydrug use and high school non‐completion, relative to other drug use profiles.DesignA longitudinal analysis of the relationship between polydrug use in three cohorts at grade 9 (age 14–15 years) and school non‐completion (reported post‐high school).SettingA State‐representative sample of students across Victoria, Australia.ParticipantsA total of 2287 secondary school students from 152 high schools. The retention rate was 85%.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was non‐completion of grade 12 (assessed at age 19–23 years). At grade 9, predictors included 30‐day use of eight drugs, school commitment, academic failure and peer drug use. Other controls included socio‐economic status, family relationship quality, depressive symptoms, gender, age and cohort.FindingsThree distinct classes of drug use were identified—no drug use (31.7%), mainly alcohol use (61.8%) and polydrug use (6.5%). Polydrug users were characterized by high rates of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use. In the full model, mainly alcohol users and polydrug users were less likely to complete school than non‐drug users [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–2.03) and OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.45–4.33), respectively, P < 0.001]. These effects were independent of school commitment, academic failure, peer drug use and other controls.ConclusionsMid‐adolescent polydrug use in Australia predicts subsequent school non‐completion after accounting for a range of potential confounding factors. Adolescents who mainly consume alcohol are also at elevated risk of school non‐completion.
Distribution of radioactive cesium and stable cesium in cattle kept on a highly contaminated area of Fukushima nuclear accident
Authors: Sato Itaru , Okada Keiji , Sasaki Jun , Chida Hiroyuki , Satoh Hiroshi , Miura Kiyoshi , Kikuchi Kaoru , Otani Kumiko , Sato Shusuke 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRadioactivity inspection of slaughtered cattle is generally conducted using a portion of the neck muscle; however, there is limited information about the distribution of radioactive cesium in cattle. In this study, therefore, we measured not only radioactive cesium but also stable cesium in various tissues of 19 cattle that had been kept in the area highly contaminated by the Fukushima nuclear accident. Skeletal muscles showed approximately 1.5‐3.0 times higher concentration of radioactive cesium than internal organs. Radioactive cesium concentration in the tenderloin and top round was about 1.2 times as high as that in the neck muscle. The kidney showed the highest concentration of radioactive cesium among internal organs, whereas the liver was lowest. Radioactive cesium concentration in the blood was about 8% of that in the neck muscle. Characteristics of stable cesium distribution were almost the same as those of radioactive cesium. Correlation coefficient between radioactive cesium and stable cesium in tissues of individual cattle was 0.981 ± 0.012. When a suspicious level near 100 Bq/kg is detected in the neck of slaughtered cattle, re‐inspection should be conducted using a different region of muscle, for example top round, to prevent marketing of beef that violates the Food Sanitation Act.
Nutrient sufficiency in beef cows grazing on a dwarf bamboo‐dominated forestland pasture in Japan
Authors: Nakano Miwa , Yayota Masato , Ohtani Shigeru 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe nutritional status of cows grazing on a 120‐ha public alpine forestland pasture dominated by the dwarf bamboo Sasa senanensis located in central Japan was evaluated over the course of 2 years. Data were collected during grazing seasons in three periods: early (June), mid‐ (August) and late (late September–early October) periods. During these periods, the number of experimental Japanese Black cows varied between three and six. With the exception of the dry matter (DM) intake in 2005 and the crude protein (CP) digestibility in 2006, the DM and CP intake and digestibility were lower in the mid‐ and late periods than in the early period for both years (P < 0.05). Metabolizable energy intake was slightly insufficient for the requirement of the cows in the late period of 2005; in the mid‐ and late periods of 2006, the metabolizable energy intake was 0.4 to 0.5 times the requirement. These results suggest that the energy intake of cows grazing on forestland pasture dominated by S. senanensis would not satisfy their requirements starting in the mid‐period (August) grazing, even though the pasture had abundant herbage resources during these periods.
Longitudinal Analysis of Inhibitors of Manufacturer Delivery Performance
Authors: Heim Gregory R. , Peng David Xiaosong , Jayanthi Shekhar 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis article examines demand, manufacturing, and supply factors proposed to inhibit manufacturer delivery execution. Extant research proposes many factors expected to harm delivery performance. Prior cross‐sectional empirical research examines such factors at the plant level, generally finding factors arising from dynamic complexity to be significant, but factors arising from detail complexity to be insignificant. Little empirical research examines the factors using product‐level operating data, which arguably makes more sense for analyzing how supply chain complexity factors inhibit delivery. For purposes of research triangulation, we use longitudinal product‐level data from MRP systems to examine whether the factors inhibit internal manufacturing on time job rates and three customer‐oriented measures of delivery performance: product line item fill rates, average delivery lead times, and average tardiness. Our econometric models pool product line item data across division plants and within distinct product families, using a proprietary monthly dataset on over 100 product line items from the environmental controls manufacturing division of a Fortune 100 conglomerate. The data summarize customer ordering events of over 900 customers and supply chain activities of over 80 suppliers. The study contributes academically by finding significant detail complexity inhibitors of delivery that prior studies found insignificant. The findings demonstrate the need for empirical research using data disaggregated below the plant‐level unit of analysis, as they illustrate how some factors previously found insignificant indeed are significant when considered at the product‐level unit of analysis. Managers can use the findings to understand better which drivers and inhibitors of delivery performance are important.
Glycaemic control of Type 1 diabetes in clinical practice early in the 21st century: an international comparison
Authors: McKnight J. A. , Wild S. H. , Lamb M. J. E. , Cooper M. N. , Jones T. W. , Davis E. A. , Hofer S. , Fritsch M. , Schober E. , Svensson J. , Almdal T. , Young R. , Warner J. T. , Delemer B. , Souchon P. F. , Holl R. W. , Karges W. , Kieninger D. M. , Tigas S. , Bargiota A. , Sampanis C. , Cherubini V. , Gesuita R. , Strele I. , Pildava S. , Coppell K. J. , Magee G. , Cooper J. G. , Dinneen S. F. , Eeg‐Olofsson K. , Svensson A.‐M. , Gudbjornsdottir S. , Veeze H. , Aanstoot H.‐J. , Khalangot M. , Tamborlane W. V. , Miller K. M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimsImproving glycaemic control in people with Type 1 diabetes is known to reduce complications. Our aim was to compare glycaemic control among people with Type 1 diabetes using data gathered in regional or national registries.MethodsData were obtained for children and/or adults with Type 1 diabetes from the following countries (or regions): Western Australia, Austria, Denmark, England, Champagne‐Ardenne (France), Germany, Epirus, Thessaly and Thessaloniki (Greece), Galway (Ireland), several Italian regions, Latvia, Rotterdam (The Netherlands), Otago (New Zealand), Norway, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Sweden, Volyn (Ukraine), USA and Wales) from population or clinic‐based registries. The sample size with available data varied from 355 to 173 880. Proportions with HbA1c < 58 mmol/mol (< 7.5%) and ≥ 75 mmol/mol (≥ 9.0%) were compared by age and sex.ResultsData were available for 324 501 people. The proportions with HbA1c 58 mmol/mol (< 7.5%) varied from 15.7% to 46.4% among 44 058 people aged < 15 years, from 8.9% to 49.5% among 50 766 people aged 15–24 years and from 20.5% to 53.6% among 229 677 people aged ≥ 25 years. Sex differences in glycaemic control were small. Proportions of people using insulin pumps varied between the 12 sources with data available.ConclusionThese results suggest that there are substantial variations in glycaemic control among people with Type 1 diabetes between the data sources and that there is room for improvement in all populations, especially in young adults.
Understanding the role of patient organizations in health technology assessment
Authors: Moreira Tiago 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe involvement of patient representatives in health technology assessment is increasingly seen by policy makers and researchers as key for the deployment of patient‐centred health care, but there is uncertainty and a lack of theoretical understanding regarding the knowledge and expertise brought by patient representatives and organisations to HTA processes.ObjectiveTo propose a conceptually‐robust typological model of the knowledge and expertise held by patient organisations.Design, data collection and analysisThe study followed a case‐study design. Data were collected within an international research project on patient organisations' engagement with knowledge, and included archival and documentary data, in‐depth interviews with key members of the organisation and participant observation. Data analysis followed standard procedure of qualitative analysis anchored in an analytic induction approach.ResultsAnalysis identified three stages in the history of the patient organisation under analysis – Alzheimer's Society. In a first period, the focus is on ‘caring knowledge’ and an emphasis on its volunteer membership. In a transition stage, a combination of experiential, clinical and scientific knowledge is proposed in an attempt to expand its field of activism into HTA. In the most recent phase, there is a deepening of its network of associations to secure its role in the production of evidence.ConclusionsAnalysis identified an important relationship between the forms of knowledge deployed by patient organisations and the networks of expertise and policy they mobilise to pursue their activities. A model of this relationship is outlined, for the use of further research and practice on patient involvement.
Crystal Structure and Infrared Reflection Spectra of SrLn2Al2O7 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm) Microwave Dielectric Ceramics
Authors: Yi Lei , Liu Xiao Qiang , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: December 2014

SrLn2Al2O7 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm) ceramics belonging to Ruddlesden–Popper phase with n = 2 in space group I4/mmm have been prepared by a standard solid‐state reaction process. Their crystal structure refinement and infrared reflection spectra analysis have been carried out to investigate the correlations among the crystal structure, polar phonon modes, and microwave dielectric characteristics. Heavy deviations of cation–oxygen bonds in (Sr,Ln)O12, (Sr,Ln)O9, and AlO6 polyhedra are observed, and the deviations significantly affect the microwave dielectric characteristics of the present ceramics. The polar phonon modes with lower frequencies due to translation vibration of Sr/La ions against the AlO6 octahedron give the primary contribution to dielectric constant and intrinsic dielectric loss at microwave frequencies. The calculated Q × f value is significantly larger than the measured one, and this result is very obvious for SrLa2Al2O7 ceramics where the calculated one (130,300 GHz) is about 2 times of the measured one (68,800 GHz).