bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusivity signatures characterize trigeminal neuralgia associated with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chen David Q , DeSouza Danielle D , Hayes David J , Davis Karen D , O’Connor Paul , Hodaie Mojgan 
Published: April 2015

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis (MS-TN) is a facial neuropathic pain syndrome similar to classic trigeminal neuralgia (TN). While TN is caused by neurovascular compression of the fifth cranial nerve (CN V), how MS-related demyelination correlates with pain in MS-TN is not understood. Objectives: We aim to examine diffusivities along CN V in MS-TN, TN, and controls in order to reveal differential neuroimaging correlates across groups. Methods: 3T MR diffusion weighted, T1, T2 and FLAIR sequences were acquired for MS-TN, TN, and controls. Multi-tensor tractography was used to delineate CN V across cisternal, root entry zone (REZ), pontine and peri-lesional segments. Diffusion metrics including fractional anisotropy (FA), and radial (RD), axial (AD), and mean diffusivities (MD) were measured from each segment. Results: CN V segments showed distinctive diffusivity patterns. The TN group showed higher FA in the cisternal segment ipsilateral to the side of pain, and lower FA in the ipsilateral REZ segment. The MS-TN group showed lower FA in the ipsilateral peri-lesional segments, suggesting differential microstructural changes along CN V in these conditions. Conclusions: The study demonstrates objective differences in CN V microstrucuture in TN and MS-TN using non-invasive neuroimaging. This represents a significant improvement in the methods currently available to study pain in MS.
Cognitive reserve moderates the impact of subcortical gray matter atrophy on neuropsychological status in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Modica Claire M , Bergsland Niels , Dwyer Michael G , Ramasamy Deepa P , Carl Ellen , Zivadinov Robert , Benedict Ralph HB 
Published: April 2015

Background: Cognitive decline is characterized in multiple sclerosis (MS), but the rate and severity vary. The reserve hypothesis proposes that baseline neurological differences impact cognitive outcome in neurodegenerative disease. Objective: To elucidate how brain reserve and cognitive reserve influence subcortical gray matter (SCGM) atrophy and cognitive decline in MS over 3 years. Methods: Seventy-one MS patients and 23 normal controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive assessment at baseline and 3-year follow-up. The influence of reserve on cognitive processing speed (CPS) and memory was examined. Results: SCGM volume and cognitive scores were lower in MS than normal controls ( P⩽0.001). Accounting for baseline, comparison of follow-up means yielded a difference between groups in SCGM volume ( P<0.001) but not cognition (NS). Cognitive reserve ( P=0.005), but not brain reserve, contributed to CPS, with only low cognitive reserve MS subjects showing decline in CPS ( P=0.029). SCGM change predicted CPS outcome in MS with low cognitive reserve ( P=0.002) but not high cognitive reserve. There were no effects in the domain of memory. Conclusions: SCGM atrophy occurs in normal controls, but significantly more so in MS. While CPS did not change in normal controls, low cognitive reserve was associated with CPS decline in MS. High cognitive reserve protect MS patients from cognitive decline related to SCGM atrophy.
Pregnancy-related relapse risk factors in women with anti-AQP4 antibody positivity and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Shimizu Yuko , Fujihara Kazuo , Ohashi Takashi , Nakashima Ichiro , Yokoyama Kazumasa , Ikeguch Ryotaro , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Misu Tatsuro , Shimizu Satoru , Aoki Masashi , Kitagawa Kazuo 
Published: April 2015

Background: Few reports describe the influence pregnancy has on the annualized relapse rate (ARR) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Objective: To examine pregnancy-related attacks (attacks during pregnancy or within 1 year postpartum) and identify the risk factors for an attack in Japanese NMOSD patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 139 Japanese women whom had aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-positive NMOSD. Among the 114 patients with information, 47 women had 56 pregnancies. We compared the ARR before, during and after pregnancy. Results: Of the 47 NMOSD patients with pregnancy, 22 women (46.8%) had a pregnancy-related attack of the disease (either an onset event or a relapse). The ARR was significantly higher in the first 3 months postpartum (1.80 ± 2.04), than before the pregnancy (0.57 ± 1.16; p = 0.0043) and did not significantly decrease during pregnancy. The ARR before hospitalization and treatment was analyzable in 55 patients without pregnancy and was 1.09 ± 1.17. Among the 11 patients with onset before pregnancy, nine patients had a pregnancy-related attack with a relapse in the previous year, and their immunosuppression was discontinued or made to be at low doses; while the two patients on higher-dose therapies were relapse-free. Conclusion: In the present study, pregnancy-related attack was common in NMOSD, and unlike in multiple sclerosis, the ARR was not reduced during pregnancy. Discontinued or insufficient immunosuppression appeared to increase the risk of pregnancy-related attack.
Survival of diabetes patients with major amputation is comparable to malignant disease
Authors: Hoffmann Martin , Kujath Peter , Flemming Annette , Proß Moritz , Begum Nehara , Zimmermann Markus , Keck Tobias , Kleemann Markus , Schloericke Erik 
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Almost all studies on diabetic foot syndrome focused on prevention of amputation and did not investigate long-term prognosis and survival of patients as a primary outcome parameter. Methods: We did a retrospective cohort study including 314 patients who had diabetic foot syndrome and underwent amputation between December 1995 and January 2001. Results: A total of 48% of patients received minor amputation (group I), 15% only major amputation (group II) and 36% initially underwent a minor amputation that was followed by a major amputation (group III). Statistically significant differences were observed in comparison of the median survival of group I to group II (51 vs 40 months; p = 0.016) and of group II to group III (40 vs 55 months; p = 0.003). Discussion: The prognosis of patients with major amputation due to diabetic foot syndrome is comparable to patients with malignant diseases. Vascular interventions did not improve the individual prognosis of patients.
Exploring the experiences of pregnant women using an NHS stop smoking service: a qualitative study
Authors: Pledger Anne B 
Published: April 2015

Aim: The purpose of this article was to explore women’s experiences of attempting to stop smoking while pregnant using National Health Service (NHS) support. Method: A qualitative methodological approach was adopted to enable the researcher to develop an understanding of the women’s experiences. Six individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with women who accessed an NHS stop smoking service while pregnant. The data were analysed using comparative analysis. Results: Five themes were identified: health risks, motivations to stop smoking, influences on smoking behaviour, feelings about smoking and experiences of using NHS stop smoking support. Motivation to stop smoking was predominantly due to concerns about their unborn baby’s health, and knowledge of health risks was generally good. Limited information relating to the associated health risks of continued smoking in pregnancy from healthcare professionals appeared to be a common experience. External pressures both positively and negatively influenced the smoking status of the women. Stress was cited by all the women as a significant challenge to smoking cessation and something which they all struggled with. The women’s experiences of using NHS support while pregnant was varied; some felt it adequately met their needs, while others felt that their expectations were not met. Conclusion: Continued smoking in pregnancy is complex, and it appears that successful smoking cessation is related to a number of internal and external factors which present significant challenges for expectant mothers who smoke. Stress was found to be a major contributor in continued smoking; therefore, NHS stop smoking services should incorporate stress management techniques into stop smoking interventions. In addition, services should be flexible, adapting service provision to meet women’s needs.
Health trainers making a difference to mental health and wellbeing
Authors: White Judy , Bagnall Anne-Marie , Trigwell Joanne 
Published: April 2015

This short report explores the key findings from a review1 of information on health trainers in 2013/2014 which had a particular focus on mental health and wellbeing. After summarising the key findings of the review, it focuses on mental health, briefly exploring the links between mental and physical health before discussing what differences engagement with a health trainer made to people’s sense of self-efficacy and wellbeing. Health trainers are a non-clinical workforce introduced in 2004,2 who receive training in competencies to enable them to support people in disadvantaged communities to improve their health.3 The population groups or settings that health trainers focus on varies from service to service, but all work one-to-one, most spending at least an hour with a client at their first appointment, supporting and enabling them to decide what they want to do. The emphasis is on the client determining their own priorities and how to achieve them. Generally, health trainers see clients for a total of six sessions, where how to achieve goals and progress towards them is discussed. The Data Collection and Reporting System (DCRS) is used by approximately 60% of Health Trainer Services to record monitoring data. Around 90% of Health Trainer Services using DCRS record ethnographic data on health trainers and clients, plus the issues clients worked on and the progress they made. There is also a wide range of other data which can be recorded, including before and after mental health and wellbeing scores. We were given access to aggregate data in order to conduct an analysis. Descriptive statistics were generated to calculate percentage change pre- to post-intervention. A total of 1,377 (= 919 full time equivalents) health trainers were recorded in the DCRS system as working with 97,248 clients in England during 2013/2014. The health trainer model embodies the principle of lay support,4 and services aim to recruit a high proportion of their staff from similar backgrounds to their clients. They have been reasonably successful with 32% of health trainers coming from the most deprived areas (Quintile 1),i with a further 20% from Quintile 2. In all, 40% percent of health trainers lived in the same areas as their clients.
A phase II study of TRC105 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who have progressed on sorafenib
Authors: Duffy AG , Ulahannan SV , Cao L , Rahma OE , Makarova-Rusher OV , Kleiner DE , Fioravanti S , Walker M , Carey S , Yu Y , Venkatesan AM , Turkbey B , Choyke P , Trepel J , Bollen KC , Steinberg SM , Figg WD , Greten TF 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundEndoglin is an endothelial cell membrane receptor essential for angiogenesis and highly expressed on the vasculature of many tumor types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TRC105 is a chimeric IgG1 anti‐CD105 monoclonal antibody that inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth by endothelial cell growth inhibition, ADCC and apoptosis, and complements VEGF inhibitors.ObjectiveThe aim of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy of anti‐endoglin therapy with TRC105 in patients with advanced HCC, post‐sorafenib.MethodsPatients with HCC and compensated liver function (Childs‐Pugh A/B7), ECOG 0/1, were enrolled to a single‐arm, phase II study of TRC105 15 mg/kg IV every two weeks. Patients must have progressed on or been intolerant of prior sorafenib. A Simon optimal two‐stage design was employed with a 50% four‐month PFS target for progression to the second stage. Correlative biomarkers evaluated included DCE‐MRI as well as plasma levels of angiogenic biomarkers and soluble CD105.ResultsA total accrual of 27 patients was planned. However, because of lack of efficacy and in accordance with the Simon two‐stage design, 11 patients were enrolled. There were no grade 3/4 treatment‐related toxicities. Most frequent toxicities were headache (G2; N  = 3) and epistaxis (G1; N  = 4). One patient had a confirmed partial response by standard RECIST criteria and biologic response on DCE‐MRI but the four‐month PFS was insufficient to proceed to the second stage of the study.Conclusions: TRC105 was well tolerated in this HCC population following sorafenib. Although there was evidence of clinical activity, this did not meet prespecified criteria to proceed to the second stage. TRC105 development in HCC continues as combination therapy with sorafenib.
A Thomistic Defense of Whole-Brain Death
Authors: Eberl Jason T. 
Published: April 2015

Michel Accad critiques the currently accepted whole-brain criterion for determining the death of a human being from a Thomistic metaphysical perspective and, in so doing, raises objections to a particular argument defending the whole-brain criterion by Patrick Lee and Germain Grisez. In this paper, I will respond to Accad's critique of the whole-brain criterion and defend its continued validity as a criterion for determining when a human being's death has occurred in accord with Thomistic metaphysical principles. I will, however, join Accad in criticizing Lee and Grisez's proposed defense of the whole-brain criterion as potentially leading to erroneous conclusions regarding the determination of human death. Lay summary Catholic physicians and bioethicists currently debate the legally accepted clinical standard for determining when a human being has died—known as the “wholebrain criterion”—which has also been morally affirmed by the Magisterium. This paper responds to physician Michel Accad's critique of the whole-brain criterion based upon St. Thomas Aquinas's metaphysical account of human nature as a union of a rational soul and a material body. I defend the whole-brain criterion from the same Thomistic philosophical perspective, while agreeing with Accad's objection to an alternative Thomistic defense of whole-brain death by philosophers Patrick Lee and Germain Grisez.
The mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus has antitumor activity in vitro and produces tumor responses in patients with relapsed T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Witzig Thomas E. , Reeder Craig , Han Jing Jing , LaPlant Betsy , Stenson Mary , Tun Han W. , Macon William , Ansell Stephen M. , Habermann Thomas M. , Inwards David J. , Micallef Ivana N. , Johnston Patrick B. , Porrata Luis F. , Colgan Joseph P. , Markovic Svetomir , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Gupta Mamta 
Published: April 2015

Key PointsThe mTOR pathway is constitutively activated in the TCL cells and is responsible for TCL proliferation. This is first trial to demonstrate that mTORC1 inhibitors (everolimus) have substantial antitumor activity (44% overall response rate) in patients with relapsed TCL.
Pressure pain sensitivity map of multifocal nummular headache: a case report
Authors: Rodríguez Cristina , Herrero-Velázquez Sonia , Ruiz Marina , Barón Johanna , Carreres Alicia , Rodríguez-Valencia Edert , Guerrero Angel Luis , Madeleine Pascal , Cuadrado María Luz , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Nummular headache (NH) is most commonly a localized unifocal headache; however, some patients infrequently exhibit multifocal symptomatic painful head areas retaining all features of NH. We present the pressure pain sensitivity map of an adolescent with multifocal NH.

Case presentation
We describe a case of a 14 year-old-girl with a 3-year history of continuous pain in four rounded areas, all of them with the same size and shape. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were assessed on 21 points over the scalp and over the symptomatic areas. A pressure pain sensitivity map of the head was constructed. The neurological exam was unremarkable, with neither sensory symptoms nor trophic changes within the painful areas. As previously shown, symptomatic points exhibited lower PPTs compared to the surrounding areas. The map reflected 4 restricted areas of mechanical hyperalgesia confined just to the painful areas. Treatment with gabapentin achieved complete remission.

Conclusion
This is the first pain sensitivity map of a patient with multifocal NH. Our results support peripheral mechanisms are maintained in multifocal NH.
C2EM: cloud-assisted complex event monitoring in wireless multimedia sensor networks
Authors: Shen Hang , Bai Guangwei , Ma Ding , Zhao Lu , Tang Zhenmin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of how to provide a more flexible service for complex event monitoring in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). In particular, we propose C2EM, a cloud-assisted complex event monitoring architecture that involves scalar sensors, camera sensors, cloudlets, and clouds to leverage computation offloading reliability, service response time, coverage efficiency, and energy efficiency. On clouds, we design an opportunistic service access point selection scheme that provides quality of service (QoS) supports for scalar sensor computation offloading. Meanwhile, clouds are responsible for optimizing camera sensor utilization of the whole network. On cloudlets, we design a real-time camera actuation scheme with the objective of minimizing the possible coverage overlaps while providing probabilistic guarantee in residual energy. Through computation division, most complex computations and network environment profilers are executed on cloudlets or clouds. Sensors only need to carry out very simple operations. We evaluate the performance of C2EM through simulations under a complex event scenario. The results demonstrate that C2EM can enhance complex event monitoring performance with optimized energy efficiency, desirable event coverage quality, and potential adaptability to the dynamics of complex events.
Does intermarriage change migrants’ preferences for the home country?
Authors: Weber Rosa 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMotivations for migrants to return clearly change with integration, but the time-changing aspect of return migration has received little attention in the literature. This paper studies how migrants’ preferences for the home country change with intermarriage, i.e., marriage to a spouse from the host country. Specifically, I analyse the association between intermarriage and three outcomes related to migrants’ home country preference – intentions to return, remittances sent and actual return – using German panel data (SOEP) for the period 1984–2012. The results reveal a negative association between intermarriage and home country preference that is moreover stronger for female than for male migrants. However, some of the effect seems driven by selection since the relationship gets weaker once I control for person fixed effects.
Validity and reliability of the Finnish version of the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) in bipolar disorder
Authors: Suominen Kirsi , Salminen Elina , Lähteenmäki Susanna , Tupala Tiina , Isometsä Erkki 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
The Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) was developed for the clinical evaluation of functional impairment of patients suffering from bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to validate the Finnish version of FAST.

Methods
Translation and back-translation of FAST were performed. Fifty patients with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth edition (DSM-IV) bipolar type I and II were interviewed at the Bipolar Disorder Research and Treatment Centre, City of Helsinki, Finland. Participants completed the FAST, the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) of DSM-IV, and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) as part of the assessment. Internal consistency and correlations between FAST and SOFAS and SDS were analysed. Twenty-five patients participated in a reliability assessment carried out 1 week apart by a different rater.

Results and discussion
The internal consistency coefficient obtained was very good, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.870. Reliability of FAST was also found excellent (correlation between two measures r = 0.896, p < 0.001). A highly significant negative correlation between FAST and SOFAS scores was found (r = −0.723, p < 0.001). FAST and SDS were also highly significantly correlated (r = 0.742, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The psychometric validity and reliability of FAST in the Finnish sample of patients with bipolar disorder types I and II were good.
An immunochromatographic test strip for rapid detection of fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda
Authors: Liu Hesong , Wang Yue , Xiao Jingfan , Wang Qiyao , Liu Qin , Zhang Yuanxing 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background

Edwardsiella tarda, the etiologic agent of edwardsiellosis, is a devastating fish pathogen prevailing in worldwide aquaculture industries and accounting for severe economic losses. There is a raising concern about E. tarda being a significant zoonotic pathogen, and it is urgent to develop a rapid detection of this pathogen. This is the first study to develop a test strip for rapid detection of E. tarda in turbot.

Results
Mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and rabbit polyclonal antibody (PAb) against E. tarda were generated from immunization of mice and rabbits with a virulent isolate of E. tarda EIB202. Two MAbs specific to isolates of E. tarda were obtained, and one of them (25C1) was selected to conjugate with colloidal gold as the detector antibody. Rabbit PAb was used as the capture antibody. It was found the strip had no cross-reactivity with non-E. tarda bacterial microbes and the limit of detection (LOD) was 1 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml. The detection could be visually observed by the naked eye within 5 min. This test strip was verified with a similar detection limit and much less analysis time compared with a dot blot immunoassay (1 × 105 CFU/ml for LOD and 120 min for reaction time). When the samples were mixed with turbot tissue homogenates, strong immunoreactivity was observed over 105 CFU/ml, which suggested that the turbot tissue homogenates did not affect the detection of the strip. Pre-enrichment with homogenized turbot tissue for 12 h could increase the detection limit of the E. tarda present in the sample up to 1 to 10 CFU/ml. In practice, in detecting 20 turbot ascite samples infected by E. tarda, the immunochromatographic test strip showed a high accuracy (100% positive).

Conclusions
The immunochromatographic test strip offers great promise for a rapid, simple, and economical method of E. tarda on-site detection, and with different antibodies, it might be used to detect other aquatic pathogens.