bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible‐Near Infrared Absorbing Polymers Containing Thienoisoindigo and Electron‐Rich Units for Organic Transistors with Tunable Polarity
Authors: Dutta Gitish K. , Han A‐Reum , Lee Junghoon , Kim Yiho , Oh Joon Hak , Yang Changduk 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSystematic creation of polymeric semiconductors from novel building blocks is critical for improving charge transport properties in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). A series of ultralow‐bandgap polymers containing thienoisoindigo (TIIG) as a thiophene analogue of isoindigo (IIG) is synthesized. The UV‐Vis absorptions of the TIIG‐based polymers (PTIIG‐T, PTIIG‐Se, and PTIIG‐DT) exhibit broad bands covering the visible to near‐infrared range of up to 1600 nm. All the polymers exhibit unipolar p‐channel operations with regard to gold contacts. PTIIG‐DT with centrosymmetric donor exhibits a maximum mobility of 0.20 cm2 V−1 s−1 under gold contacts, which is higher than those of the other polymers containing axisymmetric donors. Intriguingly, OFETs fabricated with aluminum electrodes show ambipolar charge transport with hole and electron mobilities of up to 0.28 (PTIIG‐DT) and 0.03 (PTIIG‐T) cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. This is a record value for the hitherto reported TIIG‐based OFETs. The finding demonstrates that TIIG‐based polymers can potentially function as either unipolar or ambipolar semiconductors without reliance on the degree of electron affinity of the co‐monomers.
Flexible Multi‐Colored Electrochromic and Volatile Polymer Memory Devices Derived from Starburst Triarylamine‐Based Electroactive Polyimide
Authors: Yen Hung‐Ju , Chen Chih‐Jung , Liou Guey‐Sheng 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFlexible multi‐colored electrochromic and volatile memory devices are fabricated from a solution‐processable electroactive aromatic polyimide with starburst triarylamine unit. The polyimide prepared by the chemical imidization was highly soluble in many organic solvents and showed useful levels of thermal stability associated with high glass‐transition temperatures. The polyimide with strong electron‐donating capability possesses static random access memory behavior and longer retention time than other 6FDA‐based polyimides. The differences of the highest‐occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels among these polyimides with different electron‐donating moieties are investigated and the effect on the memory behavior is demonstrated. The polymer film shows reversible electrochemical oxidation and electrochromism with high contrast ratio both in the visible range and near‐infrared region, which also exhibits high coloration efficiency, low switching time, and the outstanding stability for long‐term electrochromic operation. The highly stable electrochromism and interesting volatile memory performance are promising properties for the practical flexible electronics applications in the future.
Nanoporous Polytetrafluoroethylene/Silica Composite Separator as a High‐Performance All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Membrane
Authors: Wei Xiaoliang , Nie Zimin , Luo Qingtao , Li Bin , Chen Baowei , Simmons Kevin , Sprenkle Vincent , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA novel low‐cost nanoporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/silica composite separator has been prepared and evaluated for its use in an all‐vanadium redox flow battery (VRB). The separator consists of silica particles enmeshed in a PTFE fibril matrix. It possesses unique nanoporous structures with an average pore size of 38 nm and a porosity of 48%. These pores function as the ion transport channels during redox flow battery operation. This separator provides excellent electrochemical performance in the mixed‐acid VRB system. The VRB using this separator delivers impressive energy efficiency, rate capability, and temperature tolerance. In additon, the flow cell using the novel separator also demonstrates an exceptional capacity retention capability over extended cycling, thus offering excellent stability for long‐term operation. The characteristics of low cost, excellent electrochemical performance and proven chemical stability afford the PTFE/silica nanoporous separator great potential as a substitute for the Nafion membrane used in VRB applications.
Clinical correlations of mutations affecting six components of the SWI/SNF complex: Detailed description of 21 patients and a review of the literature
Authors: Kosho Tomoki , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Ohashi Hirofumi , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Imai Yoko , Hibi‐Ko Yumiko , Kawame Hiroshi , Homma Tomomi , Tanabe Saori , Kato Mitsuhiro , Hiraki Yoko , Yamagata Takanori , Yano Shoji , Sakazume Satoru , Ishii Takuma , Nagai Toshiro , Ohta Tohru , Niikawa Norio , Mizuno Seiji , Kaname Tadashi , Naritomi Kenji , Narumi Yoko , Wakui Keiko , Fukushima Yoshimitsu , Miyatake Satoko , Mizuguchi Takeshi , Saitsu Hirotomo , Miyake Noriko , Matsumoto Naomichi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMutations in the components of the SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF)‐like chromatin remodeling complex have recently been reported to cause Coffin–Siris syndrome (CSS), Nicolaides–Baraitser syndrome (NCBRS), and ARID1B‐related intellectual disability (ID) syndrome. We detail here the genotype‐phenotype correlations for 85 previously published and one additional patient with mutations in the SWI/SNF complex: four with SMARCB1 mutations, seven with SMARCA4 mutations, 37 with SMARCA2 mutations, one with an SMARCE1 mutation, three with ARID1A mutations, and 33 with ARID1B mutations. The mutations were associated with syndromic ID and speech impairment (severe/profound in SMARCB1, SMARCE1, and ARID1A mutations; variable in SMARCA4, SMARCA2, and ARID1B mutations), which was frequently accompanied by agenesis or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. SMARCB1 mutations caused “classical” CSS with typical facial “coarseness” and significant digital/nail hypoplasia. SMARCA4 mutations caused CSS without typical facial coarseness and with significant digital/nail hypoplasia. SMARCA2 mutations caused NCBRS, typically with short stature, sparse hair, a thin vermillion of the upper lip, an everted lower lip and prominent finger joints. A SMARCE1 mutation caused CSS without typical facial coarseness and with significant digital/nail hypoplasia. ARID1A mutations caused the most severe CSS with severe physical complications. ARID1B mutations caused CSS without typical facial coarseness and with mild digital/nail hypoplasia, or caused syndromic ID. Because of the common underlying mechanism and overlapping clinical features, we propose that these conditions be referred to collectively as “SWI/SNF‐related ID syndromes”. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk factors for stereotypic behavior and self‐biting in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): Animal's history, current environment, and personality
Authors: Gottlieb Daniel H. , Capitanio John P. , McCowan Brenda 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCaptive rhesus macaques sometimes exhibit undesirable abnormal behaviors, such as motor stereotypic behavior (MSB) and self‐abuse. Many risk factors for these behaviors have been identified but the list is far from comprehensive, and large individual differences in rate of behavior expression remain. The goal of the current study was to determine which experiences predict expression of MSB and self‐biting, and if individual differences in personality can account for additional variation in MSB expression. A risk factor analysis was performed utilizing data from over 4,000 rhesus monkeys at the California National Primate Research Center. Data were analyzed using model selection, with the best fitting models evaluated using Akaike Information Criterion. Results confirmed previous research that males exhibit more MSB and self‐biting than females, MSB decreases with age, and indoor reared animals exhibit more MSB and self‐biting than outdoor reared animals. Additionally, results indicated that animals exhibited less MSB and self‐biting for each year spent outdoors; frequency of room moves and number of projects positively predicted MSB; pair separations positively predicted MSB and self‐biting; pair housed animals expressed less MSB than single housed and grate paired animals; and that animals expressed more MSB and self‐biting when in bottom rack cages, or cages near the room entrance. Based on these results we recommend limiting exposure to these risk factors when possible. Our results also demonstrated a relationship between personality and MSB expression, with animals low on gentle temperament, active in response to a human intruder, and high on novel object contact expressing more MSB. From these results we propose that an animal's MSB is related to its predisposition for an active personality, with active animals expressing higher rates of MSB. Am. J. Primatol. 75:995–1008, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sexual dimorphism of the bony labyrinth: A new age‐independent method
Authors: Osipov Benjamin , Harvati Katerina , Nathena Despoina , Spanakis Konstantinos , Karantanas Apostolos , Kranioti Elena F. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTCurrently in physical anthropology there is a need for reliable methods of sex estimation for immature individuals and highly fragmented remains. This study develops a sex estimation technique from discriminant function analysis of the bony labyrinth as it matures before puberty and can survive taphonomic conditions that would destroy most other skeletal material. The bony labyrinth contains the organs of hearing and balance. For this reason biologists and paleoanthropologists have undertaken research in this area to understand evolutionary changes in locomotion. Prior studies have found clear differences between species, but within‐species variation has not been satisfactorily investigated. 3D segmentations of the left and right labyrinths of 94 individuals from a Cretan collection were generated and measured. Mean measurements of height, width, size, and shape indices were analyzed for sexual dimorphism, bilateral asymmetry, and measurement error. Significant sexual dimorphism was detected for several measurements. For sex estimation, the single best variable was the radius of curvature of the posterior semicircular canal, which achieved 76% accuracy. Two multivariate functions increased accuracy to 84%. Although these equations are less accurate than equations for complete long bones and crania, they appear to be as accurate as or better than other techniques for sexing immature individuals and temporal bones. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:290–301, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of bio‐oil and epoxidized linseed oil on physical, mechanical, and biological properties of treated wood
Authors: Temiz Ali , Kose Gaye , Panov Dmitri , Terziev Nasko , Alma Mehmet Hakkı , Palanti Sabrina , Akbas Selcuk 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, the effects of bio‐oil and epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) on water absorption, tangential swelling, decay and insect resistance, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, and mechanical properties of treated wood samples were studied. The bio‐oil used in this article was by‐product of ThermoWood thermal modification process. Linseed oil and hydrogen peroxide were used to prepare ELO. The results indicated that the samples treated with bio‐oil had lower water absorption than that of the control group. The second treatment with ELO significantly reduced further the water absorption. The decay resistance of treated wood samples with 20% of bio‐oil against brown (Coniophora puteana) and white rot (Trametes versicolor) fungi was very high. According to the insect test results, increasing bio‐oil concentration from 10% to 20% significantly decreased surviving rate of Hylotrupes bajulus. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis showed that all treated samples had higher initial deterioration temperature than that of the control group. Regarding the wood strength, the impregnated bio‐oil generally reduced the mechanical properties of wood except modulus of elasticity (MOE). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1562–1569, 2013
Bulk synthesis of homogeneous and transparent bulk core/multishell quantum dots/PMMA nanocomposites with bright luminescence
Authors: Ma Yongsheng , Zhang Bingbo , Gu Mu , Huang Shiming , Liu Xiaolin , Liu Bo , Ni Chen 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTCore/multishell CdSe/CdS/CdS/Cd0.75Zn0.25S/Cd0.5Zn0.5S/Cd0.25 Zn0.75S/ZnS/ZnS QDs/PMMA bulk nanocomposites were successfully synthesized. To achieve a homogeneous and stable dispersion in MMA monomers, QDs were first modified with amphiphilic polymer of poly(ethylene glycol)‐oleate (PEG‐oleate). Subsequently, the transparent and homogeneous bulk composites were obtained by photopolymerization. The TEM analysis of ultramicrotome cut of composite demonstrates that QDs are well dispersed in the PMMA matrix. UV–vis transmission spectra show the nanocomposites still maintain high transmittance even with QDs content of up to 6 wt %. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reveals the incorporation of the QDs significantly improves the thermal stability of composites, as evidenced by the retardation of a degradation initiation by 60°C. Photoluminescence spectra suggest that the nanocomposites exhibit bright fluorescence under UV excitation. X‐ray excited luminescence spectra show they have response to X‐ray. All of the experimental results indicate the great promising applications of core/multishell QDs/PMMA nanocomposites in optical communication devices and radiation detectors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1548–1553, 2013
Glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked chitosan/hydroxyapatite bone repair scaffold and its application as drug carrier for icariin
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Taotao , Zheng Jun , Xu Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTChitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) bone repair scaffolds crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GA) were prepared. Characterization of morphology, structure, mechanical property, and porosity of scaffolds were evaluated. The influences of CS viscosity, HA content, and crosslinking degree on properties of scaffolds were discussed. SEM images showed that CS/HA scaffolds were porous with short rod‐like HA particles dispersing evenly in CS substrate. When [η]CS= 5.75 × 10−4, HA content = 65%, and crosslinking degree = 10%, the resulting CS/HA scaffolds had a flexural strength of 20 MPa and porosity of 60%, which could meet the requirements of bone repair materials. The scaffolds were used as drug carriers for icariin, and the impacts of loading time and crosslinking degree of scaffolds on drug‐loading dose were discussed. The suitable loading time was 24 h and it would be better to keep crosslinking degree no more than 10%. The drug release behavior demonstrated that the icariin‐loading CS/HA scaffolds could achieve basic drug sustained release effect. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1539–1547, 2013
Applying distribution model projections for an uncertain future: the case of the Pacific oyster in UK waters
Authors: Jones Miranda C. , Dye Stephen R. , Pinnegar John k. , Warren Rachel , Cheung William W.L. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

The inherent complexity of the environment is such that attempts to model it must operate under simplifications and assumptions. Considering predictions from alternative models, with a range of assumptions and data requirements, therefore provides a more robust approach.
The intractability and uncertainty resulting from a suite of predictions may hinder the application of science in policy, where a single prediction with little ambiguity or uncertainty would be most desirable. Few studies modelling species' distributions attempt to present multi‐model outputs in a format most useful to the non‐modelling community, and none of these have done so for the marine environment.
The problem of uncertainty is particularly prevalent in predicting the distribution of invasive alien species under climate change. As invasive alien species are one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss and may incur significant economic costs, the benefit of applying predictions to highlight areas of possible establishment and inform policy and management may be large.
An ensemble prediction is used to assess the distribution of suitable habitat for the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in UK waters both currently and in the future. The ensemble incorporates predictions from three species distribution models, using data from two global climate models. A method is developed highlighting the agreement of the ensemble, further applying threshold values to retain information from constituent predictions in the final map of agreement.
Ensemble predictions made here suggest that Pacific oyster will experience an opening of suitable habitat in northern UK waters, reaching the Faroe Islands and the eastern Norwegian Sea by 2050. Habitat suitability will increase with warming temperatures in the English Channel and Central North Sea for this species. The approaches applied here can be incorporated into risk assessment frameworks for invasive species, as stipulated in the Convention on Biological Diversity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential Detection of Zn2+and Cd2+Ions by BODIPY‐Based Fluorescent Sensors
Authors: He Hui , Ng Dennis K. P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTwo monostyryl BODIPY derivatives that contain one or two bis(hydroxyamido)amino group(s) as the metal chelator have been prepared. The effects of various metal ions on their electronic absorption and fluorescence properties have been studied in detail in MeCN or in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The results show that the derivative with two hydroxyamide chains can selectively detect Zn2+ions in MeCN. The compound and ions bind in a 1:1 stoichiometry with an association constant of 2.2(±0.1)×104 M−1. The intensity of the fluorescence emission increases remarkably and is substantially blue‐shifted from 624 to 572 nm, owing to the inhibition of intramolecular charge transfer, thus allowing its use as a ratiometric fluorescent sensor for Zn2+ions. The derivative with four hydroxyamide chains behaves differently: It responds selectively toward Cd2+ions in phosphate buffered saline. The compound and ions bind in a 1:2 stoichiometry, with first and second association constants of 4.4(±0.9)×104 M−1and 1.3(±0.1)×104 M−1, respectively. Upon the addition of 80 equivalents of Cd2+ions, the fluorescence quantum yield increases 15‐fold. Both of these compounds exhibit differential sensing of Zn2+and Cd2+ions and the associated color changes can be easily seen by the naked eye.
2,3‐Di(2‐pyridyl)‐5‐phenylpyrazine: A NN‐CNN‐Type Bridging Ligand for Dinuclear Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Wu Si‐Hai , Zhong Yu‐Wu , Yao Jiannian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA new bridging ligand, 2,3‐di(2‐pyridyl)‐5‐phenylpyrazine (dpppzH), has been synthesized. This ligand was designed so that it could bind two metals through a NN‐CNN‐type coordination mode. The reaction of dpppzH with cis‐[(bpy)2RuCl2] (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) affords monoruthenium complex [(bpy)2Ru(dpppzH)]2+ (12+) in 64 % yield, in which dpppzH behaves as a NN bidentate ligand. The asymmetric biruthenium complex [(bpy)2Ru(dpppz)Ru(Mebip)]3+ (23+) was prepared from complex 12+ and [(Mebip)RuCl3] (Mebip=bis(N‐methylbenzimidazolyl)pyridine), in which one hydrogen atom on the phenyl ring of dpppzH is lost and the bridging ligand binds to the second ruthenium atom in a CNN tridentate fashion. In addition, the RuPt heterobimetallic complex [(bpy)2Ru(dpppz)Pt(CCPh)]2+ (42+) has been prepared from complex 12+, in which the bridging ligand binds to the platinum atom through a CNN binding mode. The electronic properties of these complexes have been probed by using electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques and studied by theoretical calculations. Complex 12+ is emissive at room temperature, with an emission λmax=695 nm. No emission was detected for complex 23+ at room temperature in MeCN, whereas complex 42+ displayed an emission at about 750 nm. The emission properties of these complexes are compared to those of previously reported Ru and RuPt bimetallic complexes with a related ligand, 2,3‐di(2‐pyridyl)‐5,6‐diphenylpyrazine.
Neubau der Uferspundwand an der Marineoperationsschule (MOS) in Bremerhaven
Authors: Herbort Johannes , Verch Sabine , Pabst Christian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDas Gelände der Marineoperationsschule auf der Geesteinsel in Bremerhaven reicht im Norden, Westen und Süden direkt an die Geeste. Die Uferspundwand am West‐ und Südufer ist nach einer Nutzungsdauer von bis zu 80 Jahren so stark korrodiert, dass eine Instandsetzung der Wand nicht wirtschaftlich möglich ist. Mit dem Planfeststellungsbeschluss vom Februar 2011 wurde der Ersatzneubau genehmigt. Der Bericht beschreibt die Randbedingungen der Entwurfs‐, und Ausführungsplanung, insbesondere den Einfluss der ortstypischen Weichböden und Grundwasserverhältnisse, die trotz einer sichtbaren Wandhöhe von maximal 7,60 m zu dem Ergebnis führen, dass der Höhenversprung zwischen Kasernengelände und Geeste nur mittels kombinierter schwerer Spundwand mit Tragbohlenlängen von bis zu 33 m realisiert werden kann. Weiterhin geht der Bericht auf die planfestgestellten, lärmreduzierenden Auflagen bei der Bauabwicklung ein.New sheet pile quay wall for Naval Operations School, Bremerhaven – Design challenge in soft soils typical of this localityThe grounds of the Naval Operations School between the bends in the River Geeste in Bremerhaven extend right up to the riverbanks on the northern, southern and western sides. After 80 years the sheet piling on the southern and western banks has become so badly corroded that repairing the wall would be uneconomic. Permission for the construction of a replacement wall was granted in February 2011. This article describes the boundary conditions for the design and construction work, especially the influence of the soft soils and groundwater situation so typical of this locality. The only answer to the abrupt change in level between the school grounds and the river is a heavyweight, combined sheet pile structure with piles up to 33 m long. Despite this, at most only the top 7.60 m of the wall is visible. The article also looks at the restrictions on site noise emissions laid down by the authorities.
Bau und Planung des Fernwärmedükers RUDOLF von Düsseldorf‐Lausward nach Düsseldorf‐Oberkassel
Authors: Groß Thomas , Neuhaus Holger , Stanislowski Gregor , Steinweg Martina 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDie Stadtwerke Düsseldorf Netz GmbH betreiben derzeit ein Fernwärmenetz mit einer Länge von ca. 190 km, welches unter anderem vom Heizkraftwerk Lausward gespeist wird.Für den zukunftsorientierten Ausbau des Fernwärmenetzes im Stadtgebiet Düsseldorf war die Anbindung der linksrheinisch gelegenen Stadtteile an das bestehende rechtsrheinische Fernwärmenetz notwendig. Eine Fernwärmeleitung quer durch den Rhein zwischen dem Heizkraftwerk und dem Stadtteil Heerdt sollte bis Ende 2012 die Verbindung herstellen.Design and construction of a long‐distance heating culvert from Düsseldorf‐Lausward to Düsseldorf OberkasselThe company “Stadtwerke Düsseldorf GmbH” is operating a net of approximately 190 km long‐distance heating pipelines which is energized by the heating‐plant “Lausward”.For the forward‐looking development of the long‐distance heating pipeline net it was necessary to cross the river Rhine to connect the districts left from the Rhine of the city Düsseldorf with a new efficient heating plant under construction. A new long‐distance heating pipeline has to connect the Heating plant on the right side of the river Rhine with the city districts on the left side.