bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BT22 Online dermatological surveys: are your participants who you think they are?
Authors: Stokes Natalie King , McCusker Sarah , Daly Aoife , Hunjan Manrup , Lowe Ashima , Charman Carolyn , George Susannah , Solman Lea , Burden-Teh Esther 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Surveys are a valuable research method in dermatology. They have a multitude of applications, particularly in understanding the impacts of skin disease, treatments and services on patients. Increasingly researchers are utilizing online surveys and using social media to advertise. We describe our experience conducting an online survey to explore the experiences of parents and adolescents having teleconsultations for eczema in the UK. The survey was distributed through the Jisc online survey platform and advertised via social media platforms including Facebook, Instagram and Twitter in November 2022. As with many patient surveys, there was a prize draw incentive to win a £50 shopping voucher. Within 24 h, 138 responses were received, a higher response rate than expected. On review of the data, only six responses appeared genuine, with the rest fraudulent or suspicious for being fraudulent (95.7%). Red flags for fraudulent responses included the following: 94 responses had supplied an email address containing a name that did not match the participant’s name, while 30 responses gave an email address consisting of a random combination of letters and numbers. Clusters of survey responses appeared to have been started and completed at the same time, with duplicate answers in free-text boxes. In total, 105 responses contained a duplicate free-text response. Fraudulent responses were inconsistent and illogical; for example, 41 respondents selected that they only had experience of face-to-face appointments, despite having previously selected that they did have experience of a teleconsultation in the survey eligibility screening question. Several aspects of the overall results did not fit with expected demographics; for example, a high proportion of patients had had private appointments (42.8%), a high proportion of children were on systemic treatment (29%) and only 20.3% had been prescribed emollients. Immediate action was taken to close the survey. On review of the literature, fraudulent participation in online research is an increasing problem, which threatens the integrity of data, in addition to wasting time and funding. We discuss measures that researchers can take to prevent fraudulent responses, such as use of CAPTCHA to stop bots and not offering monetary incentives. Researchers should include measures to identify and deal with fraudulent responses in the study protocol, for example including an instruction question (such as select answer ‘b’), free-text questions and repeated questions that can be checked for consistency and logic. We hope that our experience will raise awareness among researchers conducting online surveys in dermatology, to be able to prevent and identify fraudulent data, to protect data validity.
Social inequalities in medical appointment cancellations and reschedulings at the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic in France
Authors: Pousson Jeanna-eve , Jusot Florence , Silberzan Léna , Bajos Nathalie ,   EpiCov Study Group, Bagein Guillaume , Counil Emilie , Jusot Florence , Lydie Nathalie , Meyer Laurence , Raynaud Philippe , Rouquette Alexandra , Pailhé Ariane , Rahib Delphine , Sillard Patrick , Spire Alexis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Inconsistent results are found regarding social inequalities related to healthcare appointment cancellations during the COVID-19 crisis. Whether rescheduling was associated with social status is unknown. By studying both cancellations and rescheduling, we comprehensively describe which social groups were affected by care disruption. First follow-up of a random population-based cohort was used, including 95 118 people aged 18 or older at baseline and who live in France. Poisson and multinomial regressions were used to study social factors associated with experiencing both medical appointment cancellation by health professionals during the first COVID-19 lockdown, and rescheduling within six months. Among all individuals (including those without scheduled appointment), 21.1% reported cancellations initiated by healthcare professionals. Women, the richest, and those with a chronic disease were the most affected by these cancellations. Although 78.1% who had their appointment cancelled obtained a new appointment within six months, 6.6% failed to reschedule and 15.2% did not want to reschedule. While the oldest were more likely to reschedule, regardless of their health status, the poorest and those with multiple chronic diseases were less likely to do so. Difficulties in rescheduling revealed certain social groups were ultimately more penalized by the restriction of access to care during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that the poorest people, a social group that is in poorer health condition compared to other groups, were the most affected, our results raise questions about the ability of the healthcare system to reduce social health inequalities during a major health crisis.
The Semantics of Beauty in Spanish Adjectives: Conceptual Structure and Implications for Folk Aesthetics
Authors: Wong García Ernesto 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article presents an analysis of Spanish adjectives that express positive aesthetic evaluation, framed in terms of Conceptual Semantics. The sample of ninety-six adjectives (with one hundred and forty-eight individual meanings) was taken from the Diccionario ideográfico y semántico de la valoración estética positiva en español. Semantic analysis of dictionary definitions showed that beauty is ascribed by way of three distinct conceptual structures, with beauty seen respectively as an intrinsic quality, as cause or effect or as a resemblance. It further showed a clear prevalence of visual attributes and part structure as targets of aesthetic evaluation, with other secondary qualities (like daintiness, perfection, effort, grace, taste and uniqueness) also being ascribed. A quantitative analysis yielded informative correlations between some of these pieces of semantic information, in the form of asymmetries between human and non-human beauty, which point to some interesting implications and questions for Spanish folk aesthetics.
Tetraploid interspecific hybrids between Asian and African rice species restore fertility depending on killer–protector loci for hybrid sterility
Authors: Kuniyoshi Daichi , Ishihara Megumi , Yamamori Koichi , Koide Yohei , Kishima Yuji 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Interspecific F1 hybrids between Asian (Oryza sativa) and African rice (Oryza glaberrima) exhibit severe sterility caused by the accumulation of hybrid sterility genes/loci at 15 or more loci. The mechanisms underlying the hybrid sterility genes are largely unknown; however, a few genes associated with the killer–protector system, which is the system most frequently associated with hybrid sterility genes, have been identified. We previously produced fertile plants as tetraploids derived from diploid interspecific F1 hybrids through anther culture; therefore, it was suggested that hybrid sterility could be overcome following tetraploidization. We investigated whether tetraploid interspecific plants produced by crossing are fertile and tested the involvement of hybrid sterility genes in the process. Fertile tetraploid interspecific F1 hybrid plants were obtained by crossing 2 tetraploids of O. sativa and O. glaberrima. To elucidate the relationships between pollen fertility and the hybrid sterility loci in the tetraploid F1 microspores, we performed genetic analyses of the tetraploid F2 hybrids and diploid plants obtained from the microspores of tetraploid interspecific hybrids by anther culture. The result suggested that the tetraploid interspecific hybrids overcame pollen and seed infertility based on the proportion of loci with the killer–protector system present in the tetraploids. The heterozygous hybrid sterility loci with the killer–protector system in the tetraploid segregate the homozygous killed allele (16.7–21.4%), with more than three-quarters of the gametes surviving. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that fertile rice progenies can be grown from tetraploid interspecific hybrids.
Globalization, Competition and the Transformation of German Universities since the 1970s
Authors: Mayer Alexander 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Responding to the perceived challenges of globalization, German politicians have sought to transform German universities into competitive ‘entrepreneurial universities’. Based on archival material from six German universities, this article shows how reforms of university governance and new modes of funding have changed power relations within universities as well as within the German scientific community. Even though the breakthrough of ‘New Public Management’ must be situated in the 1990s, some causes of these transformations can be traced back to the 1970s, when the end of the postwar boom, educational expansion and discontent with the democratization of universities gave rise to new visions of the university’s role in society. Even though neoliberal ideas did play a part in the transformation of German universities, this process was more complex than the often-used label ‘neoliberal university’ suggests. International comparisons are applied to assess the scope of change and to highlight some of the peculiarities of the German developments.
Genome evolution and transcriptome plasticity is associated with adaptation to monocot and dicot plants in Colletotrichum fungi
Authors: Baroncelli Riccardo , Cobo-Díaz José F , Benocci Tiziano , Peng Mao , Battaglia Evy , Haridas Sajeet , Andreopoulos William , LaButti Kurt , Pangilinan Jasmyn , Lipzen Anna , Koriabine Maxim , Bauer Diane , Le Floch Gaetan , Mäkelä Miia R , Drula Elodie , Henrissat Bernard , Grigoriev Igor V , Crouch Jo Anne , de Vries Ronald P , Sukno Serenella A , Thon Michael R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Colletotrichum fungi infect a wide diversity of monocot and dicot hosts, causing diseases on almost all economically important plants worldwide. Colletotrichum is also a suitable model for studying gene family evolution on a fine scale to uncover events in the genome associated with biological changes.

Results
Here we present the genome sequences of 30 Colletotrichum species covering the diversity within the genus. Evolutionary analyses revealed that the Colletotrichum ancestor diverged in the late Cretaceous in parallel with the diversification of flowering plants. We provide evidence of independent host jumps from dicots to monocots during the evolution of Colletotrichum, coinciding with a progressive shrinking of the plant cell wall degradative arsenal and expansions in lineage-specific gene families. Comparative transcriptomics of 4 species adapted to different hosts revealed similarity in gene content but high diversity in the modulation of their transcription profiles on different plant substrates. Combining genomics and transcriptomics, we identified a set of core genes such as specific transcription factors, putatively involved in plant cell wall degradation.

Conclusions
These results indicate that the ancestral Colletotrichum were associated with dicot plants and certain branches progressively adapted to different monocot hosts, reshaping the gene content and its regulation.
How Bureaucrats Represent Economic Interests: Partisan Control over Trade Adjustment Assistance
Authors: KIM Minju 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Embedded liberalism prescribes compensating workers hurt by globalization, but government compensation programs are often criticized for their lack of responsiveness. I explain the lack of responsiveness by illuminating bureaucrats who approve the compensation programs in the frontline. I examine how career bureaucrats distribute Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) benefits, the single largest federal program in the United States that compensates workers displaced by international trade. Exploiting the quasi-random assignment of TAA petitions to individual investigators at different stages of their careers, I find that career bureaucrats are less likely to certify TAA petitions and are more likely to delay investigations during Republican presidencies relative to Democratic presidencies. This partisan performance, however, applies uniquely to career bureaucrats who are not tenured and increases in magnitude during periods of high alignment between labor and the Democratic Party. The political sustainability of globalization depends on an institutional design that shapes the career incentives of bureaucrats.
Development of a Stability-Indicating Purity Method for Ubrogepant Through Stress Degradation Analysis, Extraction, and Characterization of Unidentified Degradation Products Using Flash Chromatography, NMR, IR, and LC–MS
Authors: Vanga Nagavardhana Reddy , K. Venkata Ratnam , Ummiti Kumarswamy , Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Ubrogepant is a prescription medication used to prevent migraine headaches. It is currently available in tablet form.

Objective
The goal of this work is to investigate the drug degradation profile of ubrogepant, as well as to isolate and characterize undiscovered ubrogepant degradation products by utilizing LC–MS, NMR, and IR spectroscopic analytical techniques and, furthermore, to develop a high-resolution, sensitive, stability-indicating analytical approach for detecting and quantifying ubrogepant degradation products in its pharmaceutical formulation.

Methods
To identify and quantify the degradation products of ubrogepant in pharmaceutical products, a novel gradient reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) technique with a photo diode array (PDA) detector was developed by utilizing a C18 stationary phase column. The eluent comprised a mixture of acetonitrile and water with 0.1% (v/v) ortho-phosphoric acid. To establish the intrinsic stability of the ubrogepant pharmaceutical product, it was stress-tested under various degradation conditions, including water, alkaline, acid hydrolysis, photolytic, oxidative, and thermal. Flash chromatography was used to isolate the two major degradants, and the structures were determined using NMR (1H, 13C, distortionless enhancement by polarisation transfer-DEPT-135), IR, and LC–MS methods.

Results
The ubrogepant medication was relatively more degradable in alkaline and acidic conditions, and two unique degradation products were discovered. Based on spectroscopic and chromatographic evidence, it was conclusively demonstrated that these unique compounds were ubrogepant hydrolysis products. All degradation products were separated with a resolution greater than 2.0. The peak purity data showed that the ubrogepant peak in all of the stress samples examined was pure. Under all stress environments, ubrogepant achieved a minimum mass balance of 95%. The validated approach developed was sensitive enough to quantify ubrogepant degradation products at 0.03% of the ubrogepant test concentration.

Conclusion
The proposed method was found to be stability-indicating since it fits all of the regulatory authorities' typical requirements. This method is highly efficient for detecting and quantifying impurities in ubrogepant drug substances and drug products in QC laboratories.

Highlights
Two new degradation products of ubrogepant were successfully extracted and characterized using NMR, IR, and LC–MS spectroscopic methods. The proposed HPLC method can accurately quantify the degradation products of ubrogepant in pharmaceutical products and is sensitive enough to detect degradation products of ubrogepant as low as 0.17 µg/mL.
Comparison of ethanol-baited trap designs for ambrosia beetles in orchards in the eastern United States
Authors: Tobin Kelsey N , Lizarraga Sandra , Acharya Rajendra , Barman Apurba K , Short Brent D , Acebes-Doria Angelita L , Rivera Monique J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are among the most devastating pests of orchards, nurseries, and forests. Improving trap design and ethanol lures for capturing ambrosia beetles is necessary to develop effective monitoring and management strategies. In this 2-year study, we assessed 4 trap designs and 3 commercially formulated ethanol lures to refine trapping methods tailored for orchard environments in the eastern United States. Our investigation included orchards in 2 regions, Georgia (pecan orchards) and New York (apple orchards), targeting major ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pest species such as Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky), X. compactus (Eichhoff), X. germanus (Blandford), and Anisandrus maiche (Stark). Among the trap designs evaluated, clear sticky cards were most effective for capturing ambrosia beetles across orchard locations. Notably, in Georgia, sticky cards paired with specific low-release ethanol lures demonstrated enhanced capture of X. crassiusculus and X. compactus, 2 key ambrosia beetle pests found infesting young pecan trees. Similarly, in New York, sticky cards baited with low-release ethanol lures captured the highest rates of X. germanus and A. maiche, thus indicating its suitability for diverse ambrosia beetle populations. Overall, our study provides practical implications for tailoring trapping protocols to optimize ambrosia beetle management strategies in orchard settings.
Stochastic inversion based on spectral simulation of non-stationary statistical characteristic parameters
Authors: Wang Baoli , Liu Longdong , Lin Ying , Zhang Guangzhi , Yin Xingyao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The traditional method of constructing the prior model for stochastic inversion mainly uses well-logging data to obtain the stationary range from the variogram to characterize the complex non-stationary spatial tectonic features of the subsurface layers. Unfortunately, it is hard for the stationary range to precisely describe the complex non-stationary spatial tectonic features of the subsurface layers. The established prior model is also difficult to use to describe the real spatial tectonic features of the subsurface media; thus, it cannot provide reliable prior information for the inversion. Therefore, according to the theory of random media, we extract the non-stationary statistical characteristic parameters that change with spatial coordinates from the known information such as seismic and well-logging data, to accurately and reliably characterize the non-stationary spatial tectonic of the subsurface media. Then, combined with fast Fourier transform-moving average spectral simulation, a spectral simulation method based on non-stationary statistical characteristic parameters is built to construct the spectral simulation results that can more accurately conform to the spatial tectonic features of the subsurface media, to provide reliable and reasonable geostatistical prior information for a better inversion result.
Biology, ecology, and management of redbanded stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Okosun Olabimpe O , George Justin , Portilla Maribel , Glover James P , Parys Katherine A , Reddy Gadi V P 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe redbanded stink bug (RBSB), Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive stink bug species and a polyphagous pest of cultivated crops and non-cultivated wild plants. The increase in soybean cultivation during the 1960s–1970s led to the spread of RBSB as an economic pest of soybean throughout South America, especially in Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. In the early 2000s, RBSB became an economic concern to US agriculture and is currently a key species in a stink bug complex that damages soybean in many mid-southern states. RBSB causes extensive damage to soybeans and other economically important leguminous crops by feeding on sap from stems, flowers, and foliage with a preference for pods and seeds, which causes flat pods, reduced seed weight, and germination. Infestation by RBSB may lead to more crop loss per capita than other stink bug species. RBSBs are less susceptible to commonly used agrochemicals than other stink bug species and have developed resistance to many commonly used insecticides. Several alternative control strategies based on a wide variety of methods have been reported in recent years. This review will discuss the distribution, biology, ecology, and various control strategies for integrated management of RBSB in the last 2 decades.
A Structural Break in the Aggregate Earnings–Returns Relation
Authors: Curtis Asher , Kim Chang-Jin , Oh Hyung Il 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study empirically estimates the date of the structural change in the aggregate earnings–returns relation and reports it as the fourth quarter of 1991. We identify three sources of the structural change: (i) an increase in the relative importance of cash flow news contained in stock returns; (ii) a decrease in the importance of discount rate news contained in aggregate earnings; and (iii) a decrease in the persistence or the predictability of aggregate earnings and returns. Next, we examine the components of aggregate earnings and find that the change in the aggregate earnings–returns relation is largely driven by intertemporal changes in aggregate inventory accruals, suggesting the structural change is attributable to improved inventory management systems.
Comparison of mutation spectra induced by gamma-rays and carbon ion beams
Authors: Tokuyama Yuka , Mori Kanae , Isobe Midori , Terato Hiroaki 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The ionizing radiation with high linear energy transfer (LET), such as a heavy ion beam, induces more serious biological effects than low LET ones, such as gamma- and X-rays. This indicates a difference in the DNA damage produced by low and high LET radiations and their biological effects. We have been studying the differences in DNA damage produced by gamma-rays and carbon ion beams. Therefore, we analyze mutations induced by both ionizing radiations to discuss the differences in their biological effects in this study. pUC19 plasmid DNA was irradiated by carbon ion beams in the solution containing 1M dimethyl sulfoxide to mimic a cellular condition. The irradiated DNA was cloned in competent cells of Escherichia coli. The clones harboring some mutations in the region of lacZα were selected, and the sequence alterations were analyzed. A one-deletion mutation is significant in the carbon-irradiated DNA, and the C:G↔T:A transition is minor. On the other hand, the gamma-irradiated DNA shows mainly G:C↔T:A transversion. These results suggest that carbon ion beams produce complex DNA damage, and gamma-rays are prone to single oxidative base damage, such as 8-oxoguanine. Carbon ion beams can also introduce oxidative base damage, and the damage species is 5-hydroxycytosine. This was consistent with our previous results of DNA damage caused by heavy ion beams. We confirmed the causal DNA damage by mass spectrometry for these mutations.
Calcified amorphous tumor attached to the membranous septum: a rare clinical entity
Authors: Spencer Dean , Gysbers Josh T , Raghavan Ravi , Tanwangco-Barker Krizzette M , Cullom Chris J , Siddiqui Danish , Sakr Antoine , Kherlopian Alec G , Chung Josh S , Rabkin David G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We report a rare case of a pedunculated calcified amorphous tumor (CAT) of the left ventricle attached by a stalk to the membranous septum in a 74-year-old woman who presented with a cerebrovascular accident. We believe this is the first report of a CAT attached to the membranous septum.