bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycoconjugate expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands: up‐regulation of L1 predicts fatal prognosis
Authors: Dahl Anka , Teegen Janina , Altevogt Peter , Löning Thomas , Schumacher Udo 
Published: October 2015

Dahl A, Teegen J, Altevogt P, Löning T & Schumacher U  (2011) Histopathology59, 299–307Glycoconjugate expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands: up‐regulation of L1 predicts fatal prognosisAims:  The up‐regulation of the cell adhesion molecule L1 has been associated with impaired prognosis in several cancers. This study aimed to identify potential prognostic markers, including L1, in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands (ACCs), which might give additional insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying malignant progression.Methods and results:  The expression of L1 was analysed in 34 primary ACCs (nine tubular, 15 cribriform, nine solid, one mixed) and correlated with recurrence, metastasis, overall survival and clinicopathological parameters. Independent of the histological subtype, intense L1 expression in the primary tumours was associated significantly with metastasis (P = 0.02) and death (P = 0.044). In the subgroup of cribriform ACCs, 10 of 15 tumours contained pseudocysts, which were associated with significantly lower recurrence rates (P = 0.003), lower metastasis rates (P = 0.009) and a prolonged overall survival (P =0.004).Conclusions:  Determination of L1 expression in primary ACCs improves risk estimations. As up‐regulation of L1 expression predicts fatal prognosis, L1 might be involved functionally in growth and spread of ACC and might thus present a molecular target for future therapeutic strategies.
Angiopoietins 1 and 2 and Tie‐2 receptor expression in human ductal breast disease
Authors: Staton Carolyn A , Hoh Leslie , Baldwin Alice , Shaw Lucy , Globe Jenny , Cross Simon S , Reed Malcolm W , Brown Nicola J 
Published: October 2015

Staton C A, Hoh L, Baldwin A, Shaw L, Globe J, Cross S S, Reed M W & Brown N J (2011) Histopathology59, 256–263Angiopoietins 1 and 2 and Tie‐2 receptor expression in human ductal breast diseaseAims:  This study aimed to identify the involvement of the angiopoietin/Tie‐2 receptor system in breast cancer development, progression, metastasis and angiogenesis.Methods and results:  We quantified and correlated angiopoietin‐1 (Ang‐1), Ang‐2 and Tie‐2 expression in sections of normal human breast, benign and premalignant hyperplastic tissue, pre‐invasive and invasive cancer, and compared these findings with our previously published data on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) in the same samples. A breast cancer tissue microarray was used to evaluate the prognostic value of these factors. Histological analysis revealed a significant decrease in Ang‐1 expression (P = 0.001) and an inverse correlation with MVD (r = −0.442, P = 0.008) and VEGF (r = −0.510, P = 0.002) in the non‐invasive lesions. In contrast Ang‐2 expression increased significantly (P = 0.0004) with increasing severity of lesion and correlated with MVD (r = 0.570; P = 0.0002), while Tie‐2 expression remained relatively unchanged. Expression of all three factors was reduced in invasive breast cancer and did not correlate with oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), lymph node status or tumour grade.Conclusions:  These data suggest that a change in the angiopoietin balance in favour of Ang‐2 is associated with the angiogenic switch at the onset of hyperplasia in the breast. However, angiopoietins and the Tie‐2 receptor are not related to known prognostic indicators in invasive breast cancer.
Bilobar colorectal liver metastases: a new model for preclinical studies
Authors: Maggiori Léon , Bretagnol Frédéric , Wagner Mathilde , Hatwell Caroline , Panis Yves 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis study aimed to develop a new model of colorectal liver metastases (LM) in the rat. Both single macroscopic and multiple bilobar microscopic LM were investigated, as this closely resembled the human situation, before right hepatectomy was performed for ‘single’ right LM. The single macroscopic LM was elicited by direct injection of DHD/K12 colorectal cancer cells under the capsule of the median liver lobe in immunocompetent BDIX rats. The bilobar micrometastases were elicited by intraportal injection of DHD/K12 cells. A preliminary protocol was conducted to assess the dose of cells required to inject in to the portal vein, using 106, 2 × 106 and 3 × 106 DHD/K12 cells (n = 15 rats). The resultant protocol for the experimental model used intraportal injection of 106 DHD/K12 cells and direct injections of 0.5 × 106, 106 and 1.5 × 106 DHD/K12 cells (n = 15 rats). For both protocols, BDIX rats were sacrificed at day 30 after injection. The preliminary protocol showed that intraportal injection of 106 DHD/K12 cells was associated with bilobar micrometastases of 0.8 mm mean diameter at day 30. The main protocol assessed that direct injection of 0.5 × 106 under the liver median lobe capsule and intraportal injection of 106 DHD/K12 cells were associated at day 30 with a single macroscopic metastasis confined to a liver lobe and bilobar micrometastases, without peritoneal carcinomatosis or lung metastasis. Thus we have developed a new experimental model of bilobar colorectal LM including both macro‐ and microscopic colorectal LMs, which mimics the human situation and which will be useful in preclinical studies.
Associated pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema elevatum diutinum, and Sweet’s syndrome: the concept of neutrophilic disease
Authors: Caucanas Marie , Heylen Alain , Rolland Florence , Müller Gebhard , Olemans Catherine , Sass Ursulla , Vanhooteghem Olivier 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground  The association of three neutrophilic dermatoses supports the concept of “neutrophilic disease” as a syndrome representing a continuous spectrum of clinical entities.Results  This report describes three neutrophilic pathologies arising in the same patient, in association with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. The successive occurrence of erythema elevatum diutinum, pyoderma gangrenosum, and Sweet’s syndrome illustrates the concept of “neutrophilic disease” developed by Wallach et al. in the 1990s. Most authors agree that neutrophilic dermatosis is defined as a cutaneous disease mainly characterized by polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration without infectious cause.The assessment of neutrophilic dermatosis includes identification of the type of cutaneous lesion, the existence of possible extracutaneous sites, and a search for associated disease.Conclusions  The occurrence of three separate neutrophilic dermatoses in a single patient lends further support to the concept that these entities form a spectrum of diseases called neutrophilic disease.
Effect of N‐acetylcysteine on cardiac injury and oxidative stress after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: MAHMOUD K. M. , AMMAR A. S. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundSeveral studies have reported that the antioxidant properties of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) can provide cardiac protection through scavenging of free radicals. The present study was aimed to assess the efficacy of NAC for cardiac protection in patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair.MethodsFifty adult patients undergoing (AAA) repair were randomly allocated to receive NAC infusion (n = 25) or placebo infusion (n = 25). NAC infusion in group I (NAC group) was started at a rate of 0.3 mg/kg/min intravenously during surgery then decreased to a rate of 0.2 mg/kg/min for 24 h post‐operatively. Group II (placebo group) received an equivalent rate of placebo infusion. The following parameters: myocardial‐specific protein troponin‐I, creatine phosphokinase‐MB (CPK‐MB), plasma pro‐inflammatory cytokines [tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin (IL)‐1β], were assessed at the following time points: preoperatively and at 1 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h after surgery. Furthermore, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured preoperatively as a baseline, during aortic clamping, 30 min after declamping, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, 12 h after surgery, and 24 h after surgery.ResultsNAC infusion patients had significantly lower post‐operative concentrations of myocardial‐specific protein [cTnI, CPK‐MB] and pro‐inflammatory cytokines [TNF‐α, IL‐1β]. In addition, MDA level was less and TAC was higher in patients who received NAC infusion.ConclusionNAC infusion provided cardiac protection through scavenging of oxygen free radicals.
New Challenges in the Analysis of Gene Transcription in Bovine Blastocysts
Authors: Bermejo‐Alvarez P , Pericuesta E , Miranda A , de Frutos C , Pérez‐Cerezales S , Lucio AC , Rizos D , Gutierrez‐Adan A 
Published: October 2015

ContentsIn the last years, enormous progress has been made in the analysis of gene transcription at the blastocyst stage. The study of gene expression at this early stage of development is challenging because of the very small amount of starting material, which limits the use of traditional mRNA analysis approaches such as Northern blot. Another problem is the difficulty for data normalization, particularly the identification of the best housekeeping gene with the lowest fluctuation under different developmental conditions. Moreover, the transcriptional analysis of embryo biopsies or individual embryos needs to take into consideration that the blastocyst is a transitional stage of development, which is composed of three different types of cells (trophoblast, epiblast and primitive ectoderm) with different patterns of gene expression, and that there are large differences between male and female blastocysts. In this review, we analyse the different specific and sensitive tools available to compare mRNA expression levels of specific genes at the blastocyst stage, and how the protocol and the analytical method used can influence the results dramatically. Finally, we describe future research challenges to identify candidate genes related to developmental competence of bovine blastocysts, not only in terms of pregnancy rates but also in relation to adverse long‐term consequences in the adult animal.
Autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Sugumar Aravind , Chari Suresh T 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to provide a concise view of the existing knowledge of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) for practicing clinicians. AIP is a rare disease whose recognition and understanding are evolving. It is a type of chronic pancreatitis that often presents as obstructive jaundice, has a distinctive histology, and is exquisitely sensitive to steroid therapy. This form of chronic pancreatitis has a unique clinical, biochemical, and radiological profile. The term “AIP” encompasses two subtypes: types 1 and 2. Type 1 AIP is the pancreatic manifestation of a systemic fibro‐inflammatory disease called immunoglobulin G4‐associated systemic diseases. Type 2 AIP has been shown to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Existing criteria are geared towards the diagnosis of type 1 AIP. At present, pancreatic histology is a requirement for the definitive diagnosis of type 2 AIP. AIP can mimic most other pancreatic diseases in its presentation, but in clinical practice, it often has to be differentiated from pancreatic cancer. There are established criteria and algorithms not only to diagnose AIP, but also to differentiate it from pancreatic cancer. The utility of these algorithms and the approach to management are discussed here.
Six Ages towards a Learning Region — A Retrospective
Authors: LONGWORTH NORMAN , OSBORNE MICHAEL 
Published: October 2015

Learning Cities and Learning Regions are terms now in common use as a result of the growing importance of lifelong learning concepts to the economic, social and environmental future of people and places. Why ‘learning’ regions? Why not intelligent, creative, clever, smart or knowledge regions? In truth, all of these can, and some do, also exist, but we argue that this is not a semantic debate. The basis of intelligence, smartness, cleverness, creativity and knowledge is effective learning and its intelligent application in creating a better future. We can, we believe, only learn our way into the future and the same is true, in developmental terms, of cities, towns, regions and communities.What therefore is a learning region? Definitions tend to differ according to perception, situation, occupation and objective. Where the focus is on technology a learning region will emphasise the advantages of hi‐tech for the development of a physical infrastructure that will assist regeneration and be useful for more efficient behaviour and learning by people and organisations. Hence the growth of ‘smart cities,’ mainly in North America.Where it is on employment, employability, organisational management and training for industry, the development of human and social capital for economic gain and competitive edge tends to predominate. Most regions concentrate on this aspect.Where the motivation is based on the use of valuable resources, it will concentrate on volunteering, active citizenship and the building of social capital. Such an approach is not well developed in many regions and the optimum balance between economic, community and personal growth is poorly understood.Where the goal is the competent use of organisational potential a learning region will mobilise all its stakeholder institutions as partners in the service of the region as a whole. Here, very little is understood or implemented.This article argues that all of these approaches and others in the fields of environment, personal and cultural growth, innovation, diversity and communication are a holistic part and parcel of learning region development. Its meaning and its characteristics will become clear as it charts the development of ideas about learning regions, particularly those that have occurred during the past 20 years. It suggests the existence of a paradigm shift at work — the age of education and training, which has served us well in the late 20th century in satisfying the needs of a growing, upwardly mobile proportion of the population, has now given way to the era of lifelong learning, in which the means, the tools and techniques are employed to target and motivate everyone in a city, town or region. Those regions that achieve this nirvana will be the winners in the apparent paradox that intelligent local action leads to success in a globalised world, a version of the concept of ‘glocalisation’ coined by Robertson (1995).
Trade Liberalization and Welfare Inequality: A Demand‐Based Approach*
Authors: Tarasov Alexander 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThere is strong evidence suggesting that different income groups consume different bundles of goods. Hence, trade liberalization can affect welfare inequality via changes in the relative prices of goods consumed by different income groups (the price effect). In this paper, I develop a framework that enables us to explore the role of the price effect in determining welfare inequality. I find that trade liberalization does benefit some income classes more than others. In particular, I show that the relative welfare of the rich with respect to that of the poor has a hump shape as a function of trade costs.
Accidental Bequests: A Curse for the Rich and a Boon for the Poor*
Authors: Cremer Helmuth , Gahvari Firouz , Pestieau Pierre 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhen accidental bequests signal otherwise unobservable individual characteristics, such as productivity and longevity, the population should be partitioned into two groups: those who do not receive an inheritance and those who do. The first tagged group receives a Mirrlees second‐best tax schedule; the second group, when its type is fully revealed, faces a first‐best tax schedule. Receiving an inheritance makes high‐ability types worse off and low‐ability types better off. High‐ability individuals face a bequest tax of more than 100 percent, while low‐ability types face a bequest tax that can be smaller, as well as larger, than 100 percent, and it might even be negative.
Inflation Targeting and Inflation Uncertainty
Authors: Taş Bedri Kamil Onur 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article empirically investigates the impact of inflation targeting on inflation uncertainty. We implement PARCH and GARCH methodologies to model conditional variance of inflation. We also investigate the relationship between level and volatility of inflation to analyze the validity of the Friedman hypothesis for IT countries. We find that most of the inflation targeting countries have significantly lower inflation variances after inflation targeting. In most of the IT countries, the relationship is consistent with the Friedman hypothesis.
Varieties of capitalism, neoliberalism and the economic crisis of 2008–?
Authors: Heyes Jason , Lewis Paul , Clark Ian 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis article examines the responses of national governments to the economic crisis that commenced in 2008. We argue that the current search for new bases for accumulation is leading to reforms designed to weaken the position of labour. Moreover, the tendency towards a weakening of labour's position was already evident across different ‘varieties of capitalism’ before the crisis erupted. We discuss the implications for comparative institutional analysis and stress the need for a renewed focus on the underlying dynamics of capitalist economies.
Are the anticipatory pathways in lecithotrophic larvae that delay metamorphosis adaptations? (A review)
Authors: Freeman Gary 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYDuring anticipatory development in lecithotrophic larvae that delay metamorphosis, the growth and differentiation of features of the adult action system continue to develop at a slow pace even though they do not become functional. After metamorphosis occurs, the larger size and advanced development of these components may allow juveniles to initially grow at a faster rate than they normally would. Anticipatory development has been demonstrated in archeogastropods, some solitary ascidians and a hydrozoan. In the gastropod Haliotis and the hydrozoan Phialidium anticipatory development increases the initial growth rate of juveniles. In Haliotis and ascidians all of the larvae of a given female that live long enough exhibit anticipatory development. In Phialidium, the ability of a given female to produce larvae that can exhibit anticipatory development is a maternal polymorphic character. In Haliotis and solitary ascidians that exhibit anticipatory development, it appears to be a slower version of the rapid developmental changes that occur in parts of the adult action system at metamorphosis. In Phialidium, developmental changes in relative sizes of the different presumptive regions of the polyp are slowly altered prior to and independently of metamorphosis. Anticipatory development is not linked to the decrease in the size or nutrient reserves of older larvae but to the length of their larval period. From an evolutionary perspective, the mechanisms that operate during anticipatory development are probably of adaptive significance for lecithotrophic larvae of species that spend variable amounts of time in the water column because of a patchy distribution of appropriate settlement cues. The developmental mechanisms that underlie anticipatory development may have been used during the transition from lecithotrophy to planktotrophy.
Budgetary Sustainability in the Presence of Macroeconomic and Financial Market Instability: An Application to the Case of Belgium
Authors: VAN AARLE BAS , KONINGS JOZEF 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper develops a stylized budgeting framework to analyze the effects of macroeconomic shocks and government bond market conditions on public finances. We focus on the impacts of primary fiscal balance shocks, growth, and interest rate shocks on budgetary sustainability. We consider the effects of financial sector bailouts, uncertainty about aging costs and instability viz. speculation in government bond markets. The framework is applied to the case of Belgium, where recently these issues have played an important role. A scenario analysis of budgetary adjustment under alternative hypotheses is carried out to analyze Belgian fiscal sustainability over the next 20 years.
The Policies and Politics of Control: Countering Argentina's Uniformed and Unemployed Protesters
Authors: Norden Deborah L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLike many new democracies, Argentina has struggled with contentious movements that have challenged its precarious stability. Two very different sectors have led particularly powerful opposition movements: the military—associated historically with the abuse of power—and the unemployed workers, with important support from prestigious human rights organizations. This article looks both at how the political standing of the sector (military versus civil society) influences policy choices and at how these policy choices influence whether opposition movements remain mobilized and contentious. It argues that situation-alleviating policies—those that successfully address interests of the sector as a whole—tend to be more successful in defusing contentious movements than policies relying on coercion, concessions, or co-optation of mobilized opposition groups. Situation alleviation depletes the contentious groups of possible recruits, while policies targeting the mobilized opposition may inadvertently motivate those actors to remain mobilized.
Behavioral responses of the parasitoid Melittobia digitata to volatiles emitted by its natural and laboratory hosts
Authors: Cusumano Antonino , González Jorge M. , Colazza Stefano , Vinson S. Bradleigh 
Published: October 2015

AbstractResponses of macropterous females of the ectoparasitoid Melittobia digitata Dahms (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to direct and indirect cues emitted by its natural hosts as well as laboratory hosts were investigated using a Y‐tube olfactometer. To locate the nest of mud dauber wasps, Trypoxylon politum Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), and one of their inquilines, Anthrax spec., parasitoids exploit volatiles from the freshly built nest mud and the empty cocoon constructed by the wasps, as well as their meconium. However, the parasitoids did not respond to odors emitted by older nest mud or by the host stages that are attacked (T. politum prepupae and Anthrax spec. larvae). Melittobia digitata was not attracted to direct volatiles released by the dipteran hosts Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) (a natural host) and Sarcophaga bullata (Parker) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) (a laboratory host). Based on our results, we suggest that M. digitata adopts a ‘sit and wait’ strategy to locate mud dauber wasps, relying mainly on indirect host‐related cues: females search for nests that are under construction and once found, they wait inside the cell until the host completes its cocoon and releases meconium, an indicator that is associated with host suitability. No attraction was found to dipteran hosts, suggesting that parasitization of these hosts may be incidental, due to the broad host plasticity of Melittobia wasps.
Long lasting interstitial generalized granuloma annulare on sun‐exposed areas
Authors: Andreu‐Barasoain Marta , Gómez de la Fuente Enrique , Pinedo Fernando , Gamo‐Villegas Reyes , Sánchez‐Gilo Araceli , López‐Estebaranz Jose Luis 
Published: October 2015

SummaryGranuloma annulare (GA) is a benign inflammatory dermatosis of unknown etiology and chronic course, with different clinical variants. The cases associated with a photodistributed pattern are rare and show a palisading histopathological pattern. We report a case of generalized GA affecting sun‐exposed areas with an interstitial pattern. The patient has been followed‐up for 6 years, presenting a recurrent course of the disease, with a good response to chloroquine and relapse when no treatment was prescribed.