bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religiously inspired baby boom: evidence from Georgia
Authors: Chung Seung-Hun , Deopa Neha , Saxena Kritika , Stone Lyman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the Georgian Orthodox Church’s response to declining fertility rates through a 2007 intervention, wherein the Patriarch personally baptized 3

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and higher-parity children. Employing synthetic control and interrupted time series methods using macro data, we find suggestive evidence of increased fertility rates. Validating these findings with micro data from a representative sample of Georgian women, we use quasi-experimental variation generated by religion, ethnicity, and marital status of the women and the timing of the announcement to estimate the causal impact using the difference-in-differences estimator. We find a 17% increase (0.3 children per woman) in the national total fertility rate, a 42% increase in Georgian Orthodox women’s birth rate within marriage (an increase in annual hazard rate of 3.5 percentage points), and a 100% increase in their 3

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and higher-order birth rate within marriage (1.3 percentage points higher annual hazard rate). The impact of the intervention also correlates with higher marriage rates and reduced reported abortions, aligning with the church’s goals. This research emphasizes the potential impact of non-economic factors such as religion and the influence of traditional authority figures on shifting fertility patterns in industrialized, educated, and low-fertility societies.
How useful is contrast-enhanced MRI in the long-term surveillance of glioma? A multicentre retrospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Cakmak Marcus , Mohammadian Sepehr , Keil Vera C. W. , Schouten Joost W. , de Witt Hamer Philip C. , van der Vaart Thijs , Balvers Rutger K. , Wamelink Ivar J. H. G. , Barkhof Frederik , van den Bent Martin , Vries Mark , Smits Marion 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To examine whether MRI with routine gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) administration in the long-term surveillance of adult-type diffuse glioma identifies tumour progression earlier than T2-weighted (T2w) and/or T2w fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI only.

Materials and methods
In this longitudinal retrospective multicentre cohort study patients with histopathologically confirmed adult-type diffuse glioma and at least two years survival after diagnosis in 2009–2010 were included. Progression was determined by the treating physician or during the multidisciplinary team meeting and defined as the moment a change in treatment or follow-up was required. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients that showed an increase of abnormalities on both contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (CET1w) and T2w/T2w-FLAIR at the time of progression. Chi-square testing was performed to analyse the relationship between the detection of progression on both scan sequences, with calculating the Phi coefficient to determine the degree of association.

Results
One hundred eight consecutive patients were included (58 male; 53 grade 2, 21 grade 3, 34 grade 4). Progression was present in 82 patients and was determined on both CET1w and T2w/T2w-FLAIR images in 59 patients (72.0%). In 20 patients (24.4%), progression was determined based solely on T2w/T2w-FLAIR abnormalities. Only three patients showed progression exclusively on CET1w (3.7%). There was a strong positive significant relationship between the detection of progression on both scan types (p < 0.001; Phi = 0.467).

Conclusion
An increase in CET1w abnormalities was generally accompanied by an increase in T2w/T2w-FLAIR abnormalities, raising the question of whether routine administration of GBCA is always necessary for long-term survivors of glioma.

Key Points

Question
Long-term survivors with glioma undergo many contrast-enhanced MRI scans, which involve a patient, financial, and environmental burden.

Findings
In almost all patients, an increase in T2w/T2w-FLAIR abnormalities was present at the time of tumour progression, mostly but not always accompanying contrast-enhancing findings.

Clinical relevance
T2w/T2-FLAIR MRI seems to detect glioma progression in long-term surviving patients similar to contrast-enhanced T1w MRI, raising the question of whether the routine administration of GBCA is necessary and justified in patients under long-term surveillance of glioma.

Graphical Abstract
Listening to the multidisciplinary care team: exploring the pediatric palliative care needs in advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Nenner Vanessa , Napierala Hendrik , Jonas Maria Agnes , Kubiak Nina , Thumfart Julia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Pediatric palliative care (PPC) aims to improve the quality of life for children with life-limiting conditions, such as advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), from the time of diagnosis. However, PPC is not commonly integrated into routine pediatric nephrology care. This study explores the perspectives and experiences of healthcare providers (HCPs) to better understand the experiences and specific barriers related to PPC integration for children and adolescents with advanced CKD.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study with 23 HCPs, including nurses, psychologists, social workers, and physicians from seven German pediatric nephrology centers, analyzing semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews using structured content analysis.

Results
Five main categories emerged from the analysis, revealing HCPs’ perceptions of CKD as a life-limiting condition, HCPs’ moral distress in addressing end-of-life issues, and barriers to PPC integration. Although HCPs reported comprehensive multidisciplinary support for end-of-life situations, a lack of interprofessional communication occasionally hindered coordinated care. HCPs rarely addressed CKD’s life-limiting nature proactively. A fear of diminishing hope led HCPs to avoid conversations about prognosis unless in response to a therapeutic crisis. PPC was mostly reserved for end-of-life cases, as HCPs associated PPC with terminal care and expressed concerns over distressing families.

Conclusions
This study highlights the gap between guidelines recommending early integration of PPC and daily nephrology practice, which tends to introduce PPC late in the course of the disease. Training for nephrology teams could improve the quality of life for children with advanced CKD and their families by promoting early integration of primary PPC principles.

Graphical abstract
Interaction between a bubble curtain with waves and currents: implications on sediment dispersal
Authors: Covarrubias-Contreras B. Rodrigo , Torres-Freyermuth Alec , Tinoco Rafael O. , Figueroa-Espinoza Bernardo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bubble curtains are widely used for different environmental applications relying on the generation of recirculation cells. Prior studies suggest that bubble curtains can modify the morphology of rivers and channels by keeping sediment in suspension, and as an alternative for sediment transport control. However, their use in coastal environments is still relatively unexplored. We investigate the interaction between the recirculation cell induced by a bubble curtain with incoming currents and waves. Laboratory experiments were carried out on a wave-current flume facility equipped with a bubble diffuser. Simulated cases considered different characteristics of the bubble curtain, water level, currents, and waves. Free-surface elevation and velocity were measured concurrently with high spatial resolution. Experimental observations show that the bubble curtain modifies wave- and current-induced velocity profiles. For unidirectional currents, as the flow approaches the curtain, the velocity magnitude decreases near the surface and increases near the bed due to the recirculation cell. In the presence of waves, the recirculation flow affects both the wave-induced velocity and asymmetry, both important parameters for sediment transport. Thus, synthetic particles were used as sediment proxy to investigate the role of the recirculation cell on the wave-induced near bed transport. Experimental results highlight the effects of both the bubble curtain recirculation cells and the structure of the diffuser itself in sediment deposition. These experiments reveal the potential of bubble curtains for modifying hydrodynamics and deposition patterns in coastal zones, and provide a novel data set which can be used for the calibration and validation of numerical models.
Investigation of the memristive properties of the device form and thin film form of BST and CeO2 films with different arrays
Authors: Akin Ozlem , Efeoglu Hasan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, a memristor structure known as a missing circuit element was produced. This study consists of a total of six samples in both thin film and device form with different arrays of BST film and CeO2 film on SiO2/Si substrate. The effects of different arrays and device forms of these two films on memristive behavior were investigated. It was observed that the structures exhibited memristive behavior due to the difference in ion mobility in films with different dielectric constants. It was also observed that the structures changed their memristive behavior in the annealing process performed at different temperatures. It was observed that the memristive behaviors examined imitated the connection strength of artificial synapses, and they are suitable for the production of multi-bit memristors or analog memristors suitable for the creation of artificial neuromorphic networks.
Suppression of magnetohydrodynamic interfacial wave instabilities by means of parametric anti-resonance
Authors: Horstmann Gerrit Maik , Kuhn Julia , Dohnal Fadi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The high electrolytic currents in aluminum reduction cells can provoke magnetohydrodynamic wave instabilities in the liquid-liquid cryolite-Al interface. Most critical for the safe operation of aluminum smelters is the metal pad roll (MPR) instability, which can set the interface into self-growing rotational wave motions. Such interface instabilities are commonly averted by keeping the poorly conducting cryolite layer sufficiently thick, but at the detriment of the energy efficiency. Mohammad et al. (in: Eskin (ed) Light Metals 2022. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, Springer, Cham, 2022; JOM 74:1908–1915, 2022) have recently demonstrated that the cryolite layer can be markedly reduced when adding an oscillating component to the electrolytic current, inhibiting exponential growth of the MPR instability. We dedicate this paper to the investigation of the underlying physics behind this new suppression technique. We analyze the MPR stability using a simplified mechanical model, which reduces the mathematical problem to a set of two coupled Mathieu’s differential equations. The state of stability is calculated both numerically using Floquet theory and analytically by applying the complexification-averaging method. Our analysis reveals that observed stability patterns can essentially be attributed to a simultaneous occurrence of parametric resonance and anti-resonance. We identify ideal system parameters and show ways to verify the rather exotic phenomenon of parametric anti-resonance in MPR experiments.
The role of gender, age, and income in demand-side management acceptance: A literature review
Authors: Henriksen Ida Marie , Strömberg Helena , Branlat Jennifer , Diamond Lisa , Garzon Giulia , Kuch Declan , Yilmaz Selin , Motnikar Lenart 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Demand-side management (DSM) programs aiming to both reduce and render household consumption more flexible are becoming increasingly essential due to ongoing energy crises and the growing integration of renewable energy into energy production. The active involvement of households and energy users is crucial to fully unlock the potential of DSM programs. As this paper demonstrates, despite more than thirty years of feminist scholarly work focusing on the home as an important site of the production of gender inequality, few of these insights have been taken into account by DSM designers. Additionally, we note a broader pattern concerning gaps in knowledge regarding the diverse perspectives of energy users and their domestic contexts, all of which create obstacles to successful rollout and scalability. This paper uses the concepts of the social license to automate and intersectionality to analyze the existing literature on DSM programs. We find that three primary barriers in household DSM programs have been addressed: 1) there is an unresolved tension between DSM technology being perceived as a masculine domain and the home as a feminine domain; 2) low-income households face challenges in accessing the technology needed to enable both flexibility and savings; and 3) disparities in opportunities for youth and the elderly to participate in DSM programs are insufficiently considered. Based on these findings we argue that user diversity—not only conceived of as separate identity category variables but also as implicating overlapping and possible mutually reinforcing marginalizations– is needed to form a starting point in DSM program design for fair and scalable solutions.
Ten-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score in post-menopausal women with low bone mineral density
Authors: Wani Kaiser , Sabico Shaun , Veronese Nicola , Al-Masri Abeer A. , Al-Daghri Nasser M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Reports on the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and bone mineral density (BMD) remain inconsistent and hence more population-based studies on this subject are needed.

Aims
This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck (right and left) with 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores in Saudi postmenopausal women.

Methods
A cohort of 1,450 postmenopausal women with risk factors for bone loss were analyzed using the data from the Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases (CBCD) Osteoporosis database. BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, including fasting glucose and lipid profiles, were measured. ASCVD risk scores were calculated using the ASCVD Risk Estimator Plus tool. BMD tertiles were analyzed for their association with ASCVD risk.

Results
Women with osteoporosis had significantly lower BMI, waist and hip circumferences, and metabolic dysfunction markers compared to those with normal BMD. Significant negative correlations were observed between ASCVD risk scores and BMD at femoral neck sites in women with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that women in the lowest BMD tertiles had significantly higher odds of intermediate to high ASCVD risk scores, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.90 for the lumbar spine, 2.19 for the right femoral neck, and 2.04 for the left femoral neck.

Conclusions
The study identified significant associations between lower BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck sites and elevated 10-year ASCVD risk scores in postmenopausal women, particularly among those with osteopenia and osteoporosis. These findings demonstrate the importance of assessing cardiovascular risk in women with low BMD to enable early prevention and management strategies.
Teachers’ Responses to Identity-Based Bullying: Social Inequality, Identity, and Diversity at Teacher and School Level
Authors: Görzig Anke , Betts Lucy R. , Maunder Rachel , Monks Claire P. , De Amicis Leyla , Bennett Samuel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Teachers play a crucial role in addressing school bullying, yet many factors can affect their approaches. Identity-based social exclusion, where children are excluded by peers due to their stigmatised identities, is a distinct form of lower bullying rates associated with more detrimental outcomes. The social inequalities and power imbalances reflected in this type of bullying have shown to originate from multiple levels of a socio-ecological system. This study applies a socio-ecological approach to investigate teachers’ responses to identity-based peer exclusion accounting for social identity, inequality, and diversity at teacher and school levels. Educators from UK primary and secondary schools (N = 422) completing an online survey were randomly allocated to an identity-based social exclusion vignette targeting different identities (i.e. ethnicity, appearance, disability, gender expression/sexuality) and asked about their responses (i.e. victim-blaming, perceived seriousness, empathy, self-efficacy, responsibility, intervention likelihood). Characteristics of teachers (gender, LGBTQ + , ethnical/cultural minority, ethnic/cultural similarity to students) and their schools (diversity, socioeconomic status, teacher training and school support) were also assessed. Hierarchical regression analyses showed significant effects of teacher and school characteristics on teachers’ responses to the identity-based bullying. Further, a series of school-type by vignette ANOVAs revealed some differences in teachers’ responses by type of school and targeted identity. The findings highlight some of the teacher and school level characteristics that contribute to how teachers respond to different types of identity-based bullying among students, set against the background of a socio-ecological approach relating to social inequality and identity. Practical implications for teacher training and school-level conditions are discussed.
Optimal training of finitely sampled quantum reservoir computers for forecasting of chaotic dynamics
Authors: Ahmed Osama , Tennie Felix , Magri Luca 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the current Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) era, the presence of noise deteriorates the performance of quantum computing algorithms. Quantum reservoir computing (QRC) is a type of quantum machine learning algorithm, which, however, can benefit from different types of tuned noise. In this paper, we analyze how finite sampling noise affects the chaotic time series prediction of the gate-based QRC and recurrence-free quantum reservoir computing (RF-QRC) models. First, we examine RF-QRC and show that, even without a recurrent loop, it contains temporal information about previous reservoir states using leaky integrated neurons. This makes RF-QRC different from quantum extreme learning machines (QELM). Second, we show that finite sampling noise degrades the prediction capabilities of both QRC and RF-QRC while affecting QRC more due to the propagation of noise. Third, we optimize the training of the finite-sampled quantum reservoir computing framework using two methods: (a) singular value decomposition (SVD) applied to the data matrix containing noisy reservoir activation states and (b) data-filtering techniques to remove the high frequencies from the noisy reservoir activation states. We show that denoising reservoir activation states improves the signal-to-noise ratios with smaller training loss. Finally, we demonstrate that the training and denoising of the noisy reservoir activation signals in RF-QRC are highly parallelizable on multiple quantum processing units (QPUs) as compared to the QRC architecture with recurrent connections. The analyses are numerically showcased on prototypical chaotic dynamical systems with relevance to turbulence. This work opens opportunities for using quantum reservoir computing with finite samples for time series forecasting on near-term quantum hardware.
A non-invasive genetics insight into population structure and recolonization dynamics of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) at the boundary of its Italian core range
Authors: Agostini Greta , Loy Anna , Gentile Giulia , Giovacchini Simone , De Sanctis Cecilia , Mirone Enrico , Papaleo Lorenzo , Petrella Antonio , D’Alessio Nicola , Colangelo Paolo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During the past century the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) suffered a drastic decline throughout the rivers of the Italian peninsula, surviving only in Southern Italy. Recent surveys have revealed irrefutable signs (i.e. faeces’ presence) of otter expansion in Central Italy and, specifically in the last 15 years, along rivers of Abruzzo region. Gradually expanding along the Sangro river, otters have also recolonized the Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park (PNALM). To explore both the dispersal dynamics from Southern Italy to Abruzzo and the potential factors that may limit gene flow with PNALM population, we collected faeces (spraints) and anal jelly samples from rivers in Abruzzo and Molise, as well as tissue samples from Southern Italy. We identified 52 specimens using 11 microsatellite loci. Results revealed a significant genetic differentiation between Southern and Central Italy, suggesting a stepping-stone recolonization process. Genetic structure analysis and gene flow estimation indicated that otters followed different recolonization routes, dispersing across the hinterland and along coastal areas. Population structure in Abruzzo is weak and genetic diversity low, consistent with a recent colonization and a founder effect. The Ne estimated could indicate the presence of few breeding adults in the PNALM population, but Nc estimated and the 18 unique genotypes in the protected area, suggested the hosting of a higher number of individuals than initially assumed. Although otter group in PNALM is showing a favourable conservation status, its genetic diversity is low, making it vulnerable to demographic and environmental stochastic factors. Accordingly, interventions are recommended to favour movements of otters and increase the likelihood of stabilization and expansion of Central Italy’s population.
An Analysis of Contraceptive Use in Women with a Previous Live Birth in a Single Tertiary Women’s Hospital: A Survey Study
Authors: Shen Ye , Fang Hua , Si Wenmiao , Zhao Min , Qian Fangbo , Chen Qi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The use of contraceptives to prevent unintended pregnancies is not widely accepted in developing countries due to social and cultural factors, lack of knowledge, and limited access to contraceptive services. This results in a relatively high incidence of repeat abortions in women with live births. The objective of this study is to understand the awareness of contraceptive use in women with live births women with previous live births who currently underwent an abortion (n = 272) and women who had a recent live birth (n = 323) voluntarily participated in this survey. Among women with previous live births, 22% did not use contraceptives in the past, and 41% well understood the importance of contraceptive use. There were no differences in educational levels, parity, and age at abortion between women who used and did not use contraceptives. However, after the current abortion, a significant increase in women who intend to use contraceptives in the future, from 78 to 93%, was observed. A significant reduction in women who do not intend to use contraceptives from 22 to 7.4% was also observed. 59% of women primarily seek knowledge of contraception from healthcare professionals. Among women with a recent live birth, 92% indicated their awareness of contraceptive use as they do not have a plan for the subsequent pregnancy. More than 91% of women discussed contraceptive use with partners. Our survey highlights the importance of education and promotion of the use of contraceptives in developing countries to prevent unintended pregnancy.