bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental artifacts in the head and neck region: implications for Dixon-based attenuation correction in PET/MR
Authors: Ladefoged Claes N , Hansen Adam E , Keller Sune H , Fischer Barbara M , Rasmussen Jacob H , Law Ian , Kjær Andreas , Højgaard Liselotte , Lauze Francois , Beyer Thomas , Andersen Flemming L 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
In the absence of CT or traditional transmission sources in combined clinical positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) systems, MR images are used for MR-based attenuation correction (MR-AC). The susceptibility effects due to metal implants challenge MR-AC in the neck region of patients with dental implants. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and magnitude of subsequent PET image distortions following MR-AC.

Methods
A total of 148 PET/MR patients with clear visual signal voids on the attenuation map in the dental region were included in this study. Patients were injected with [18F]-FDG, [11C]-PiB, [18F]-FET, or [64Cu]-DOTATATE. The PET/MR data were acquired over a single-bed position of 25.8 cm covering the head and neck. MR-AC was based on either standard MR-ACDIXON or MR-ACINPAINTED where the susceptibility-induced signal voids were substituted with soft tissue information. Our inpainting algorithm delineates the outer contour of signal voids breaching the anatomical volume using the non-attenuation-corrected PET image and classifies the inner air regions based on an aligned template of likely dental artifact areas. The reconstructed PET images were evaluated visually and quantitatively using regions of interests in reference regions. The volume of the artifacts and the computed relative differences in mean and max standardized uptake value (SUV) between the two PET images are reported.

Results
The MR-based volume of the susceptibility-induced signal voids on the MR-AC attenuation maps was between 1.6 and 520.8 mL. The corresponding/resulting bias of the reconstructed tracer distribution was localized mainly in the area of the signal void. The mean and maximum SUVs averaged across all patients increased after inpainting by 52% (± 11%) and 28% (± 11%), respectively, in the corrected region. SUV underestimation decreased with the distance to the signal void and correlated with the volume of the susceptibility artifact on the MR-AC attenuation map.

Conclusions
Metallic dental work may cause severe MR signal voids. The resulting PET/MR artifacts may exceed the actual volume of the dental fillings. The subsequent bias in PET is severe in regions in and near the signal voids and may affect the conspicuity of lesions in the mandibular region.
Dielectrically-Consistent Stell Correction for Integral Equation Theory on Electrolyte Solutions
Authors: Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Koda Shinobu 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The dielectrically-consistent reference interaction-site model (DRISM) theory is a popular method to treat electrolyte solutions with integral equation theory, because it guarantees the consistency of the dielectric constants evaluated from both solute and solvent routes. It is shown in this work, however, that the DRISM theory yields unphysically strong divergence of the site–site direct correlation function in the low-k limit. A modification of the DRISM theory is proposed to avoid the strong low-k divergence, and it is also demonstrated that the modification reduces to a natural extension of the dielectric correction proposed by Stell and co-workers.
An analysis of regional strategies and programs in the framework of the development of automobile tourism in the Central Federal District
Authors: Саранча Михаил , Sarancha Mikhail 
Published: March 2015

The article reflects the results of a study of sectoral and integrated strategies, concepts and programs for regional development in order to identify the situation in the field of regulation of development of automobile tourism in the Central Federal District. At the first stage considered are the place, functions, activities and prospects of automobile tourism in socio-economic development as the Central Federal District, as well as individual regions of the Russian Federation; at the second phase highlighted are strategies, concepts and programs of development of tourism from federal to regional level, at the third stage in the focus placed highway and transportation development programs in the Federal District and its regions. Materials for each document are systematized in the summary table by region and district. According to comprehensive industry and tourism documents, at all levels and in most parts of the county there is understanding of the role, functions and problems of development of automobile tourism, and transport infrastructure and services which are closely associated with it. Respective program activities
are laid down. However, in the highway and transportation development programs Tourism issues have yet not received attention. Thus, there is a major problem in the development of one of the most promising and popular public areas of tourism associated with the inconsistency of industry regulation in the country and regions which harms tourism as a cross-industry complex phenomenon. A separate place is reserved for field monitoring of the state of roads and roadside services in major highways of the county, which revealed the existence of serious problems with: infrastructure, service, compliance with the rules and organization of road safety. Regulations on requirements to infrastructure along the highways is more formal than essential, which is expressed by appropriate equipment requirements for highways, but having actual problems. Based on the detected situation, conclusions and suggestions are made on the ways of solving problems.
Using thermal time models to predict germination of five provenances of silver birch (<i>Betula pendula</i> Roth) in southern England
Authors: Midmore Edwyn , McCartan Shelagh , Jinks Richard , Cahalan Christine 
Published: March 2015

Climate predictions indicate that growing conditions may become unfavourable for certain tree species in parts of Britain. Guidelines suggest some planting of seed sources from regions between 2Â° andÂ 5Â° south of those currently used as part of a climate change adaptation strategy. However, there has been little research on the benefits and risks associated with the use of planting stock from more southerly seed sources. Seeds of five provenances of the ârelativelyâ dormant were germinated over a range of temperatures both with and without a pre-chill. Subsequently, a thermal time model was used to predict the impact of migrating these provenances to southern England. Results identified geographical differences in germination response; those from higher latitude were more sensitive to pre-chill.Betula pendula
Bionic approach for the prevention of exit-site infections of percutaneous devices
Authors: Großhauser Johannes , Reiter Katja , Große-Siestrup Christian , Kikhney Judith , Kertzscher Ulrich , Affeld Klaus 
Published: March 2015

AbstractExit-site infections remain one of the main complications for percutaneous devices, such as catheters for peritoneal dialysis or drivelines for ventricular assist devices. Many efforts have been made to create a biological seal, yet without long-term success. This study investigates a new kind of percutaneous device which is coated with an extricable polymeric membrane. The bionic approach applies the naturally outwards directed growth of skin structures to technology: by pulling the protective membrane it slowly grows out of the body and a developing sulcus is exposed to dry air and an infection is avoided. In a feasibility study this kind of device was shown to reduce the rate of infection. To further investigate these devices, they were implanted in the skin of goats and observed for a period of more than 500 days. The membranes were pulled with a force of up to 2 N and the resulting movement was recorded. When being pulled, the membranes moved 0.4–0.9 mm per week, showing that the application of a continuously acting, defined force on the protective membrane causes the desired slow movement.
Fascin is a circulating tumor marker for head and neck cancer as determined by a proteomic analysis of interstitial fluid from the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Lee Li-Yu , Chen Yin-Ju , Lu Ya-Ching , Liao Chun-Ta , Chen I-How , Chang Joseph Tung-Chieh , Huang Yu-Chen , Chen Wen-Ho , Huang Chi-Che , Tsai Chi-Ying , Cheng Ann-Joy 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHead and neck cancer (HNC) is a prevalent cancer worldwide; however, clinically useful tumor markers for HNC have not been identified. Here, we aimed to identify secretory proteins from the tumor microenvironment as candidate circulating tumor markers.Samples derived from seven pairs of tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) and normal interstitial fluid (NIF) samples from patients with HNC were analyzed. The proteomes were determined by gel-based-mass-spectrometry proteomic methods. The most up-regulated protein, fascin was confirmed in the cancer tissues and cell culture supernatant by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry assays. Serum fascin was determined in 40 HNC and 40 normal individuals by ELISA.After proteomics analysis, 189 peptides were identified, corresponding to 75 proteins. Of the 21 proteins which were identified more than twice, five up-regulated proteins identified most frequently including fascin. The most elevated fascin was over-expressed in cancer tissues and cell culture supernatant. Serum fascin was significantly up-regulated in the cancer patients (p<0.001) and correlated with pathological lymph node metastasis (p=0.022). To assess the diagnostic efficacy, serum levels of fascin and another potential biomarker SCCA were determined. Fascin showed a high predictable value with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.808 (95% CI 0.723–0.901) in the receiver operator curve (ROC), compared to 0.501 (95% CI 0.378–0.634) for SCCA.We have identified 75 potential circulating tumor markers associated with HNC, including fascin. Serum fascin could discriminate cancer patients from healthy individuals; thus, it may serve as a circulating biomarker for HNC.
The possible role of factor H in complement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA): a failed attempt to correlate blood levels of FH with liposome-induced hypersensitivity reactions in patients with autoimmune disease
Authors: Fülöp Tamas Gyula , Józsi Mihály , Metselaar Josbert , Storm Gert , Rosivall Laszló , Szebeni Janos 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFactor H (FH) is a natural inhibitor of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement (C) activation, an abundant protein in blood whose reduced level has been associated with proneness for increased C activation. There are also 5 FH-related proteins (FHR), which have different impacts on C function. After brief outlines of the C system and its activation via the AP, this review focuses on FH and FHR, collecting data from the literature that suggest that reduced levels or function of FH is associated with C activation-related hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), called C activation related pseudoallergy (CARPA). Based on such observations we initiated the measurement of FH in the blood of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and examined the correlation between FH levels and HSRs following i.v. administration of PEGylated liposomal prednisolone phosphate (PLPP). ELISA assay of FH was conducted on plasma samples before treatment, immediately after treatment and at follow-up visits up to 7 weeks, and an attempt was made to correlate the FH levels obtained with the presence or absence of HSR that occurred in five of twenty patients. However, the initial data presented here on three reactive and three non-reactive patients showed FH levels >600 μg/mL, while the normal range of FH is 2–300 μg/mL. This unexpected outcome of the test led us to realize that the ELISA we used was based on antibodies raised against the short consensus repeats (SCR) in FH, which are also present in FHR. Thus the kit cannot distinguish these proteins and we most likely measured the combined levels of FH and FHR. These initial data highlighted an unforeseen technical problem in assessing FH function when using a FH ELISA that cross reacts with FHR, information that helps in further studies exploring the role of FH in CARPA.
Towards nano-diagnostics for bacterial infections
Authors: Salieb-Beugelaar Georgette B. , Hunziker Patrick R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSensitive, specific and rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases is essential for effective and economic medical care. Focused medical treatment of the patient enabled by pathogen-specific diagnosis may benefit the patient, may reduce cost, and may minimize the risk of drug resistance development. The rapid progress in micro and nanotechnologies contributes to the development of novel diagnostic methods. This critical review assesses emerging nanotechnologies for diagnosis of bacterial infection in developed and developing countries on the background of the current state of the art and includes particular challenges and pitfalls posed by a number of specific pathogens.
Functional properties of LptA and LptD in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120
Authors: Hsueh Yi-Ching , Brouwer Eva-M. , Marzi Julian , Mirus Oliver , Schleiff Enrico 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLipopolysaccharides (LPS) are central components of the outer membrane and consist of Lipid A, the core polysaccharide, and the O-antigen. The synthesis of LPS is initiated at the cytosolic face of the cytoplasmic membrane. The subsequent transport to and across the outer membrane involves multiple lipopolysaccharide transport (Lpt) proteins. Among those proteins, the periplasmic-localized LptA and the outer membrane-embedded LptD participate in the last steps of transfer and insertion of LPS into the outer membrane. While the process is described for proteobacterial model systems, not much is known about the machinery in cyanobacteria. We demonstrate thatanaLptD (alr1278) ofAnabaenasp. PCC 7120 is important for cell wall function and its pore domain shows a Lipid A sensitive cation-selective gating behavior. The N-terminal domain ofanaLptD recognizesanaLptA (alr4067), but notecLptA. Furthermore,anaLptA specifically interacts with the Lipid A fromAnabaenasp. PCC 7120 only, whileanaLptD binds to Lipid A isolated fromEscherichia colias well. Based on the comparative analysis of proteins fromE. coliandAnabaenasp. we discuss the properties of the cyanobacterial Lpt system.
On the priority of salience-based interpretations: The case of sarcastic irony
Authors: Fein Ofer , Yeari Menahem , Giora Rachel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractResults from 2 experiments support the view that, regardless of strength of contextual expectation for utterance nonsalient (ironic) interpretation, (a) salience-based interpretations will not be blocked. Instead, they will be facilitated initially. And, (b) if conducive to the interpretation process, they will not be suppressed, albeit incompatible (Giora 2003; Giora and Fein 1999a; Giora and Fein 1999b; Giora et al. 2007). In Experiment 1, expectancy for an ironic utterance was manipulated by introducing an ironic speaker, whose ironic utterances were prefaced by overt ironic cues, making explicit the speaker's ironic intent. In Experiment 2, expectancy strongly biased via repeated exposure to ironic utterances, was further strengthened by informing participants that the experiment was testing sarcasm interpretation. Long processing times were allowed so as to tap later (suppression) processes. Results from reading times and lexical decisions support the temporal priority of salience-based interpretations, while arguing against both, the contextualist views (Gibbs 2002; Katz 2009) and the Gricean suppression hypothesis (Grice 1975).
A nilpotent
group without local functional equations for pro-isomorphic
subgroups
Authors: Berman Mark N. , Klopsch Benjamin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The pro-isomorphic zeta function ζΓ
∧(s) of a
torsion-free finitely generated nilpotent group Γ enumerates
finite index subgroups Δ ≤ Γ such that Δ and
Γ have isomorphic profinite completions. It admits an Euler
product decomposition
ζΓ
∧(s) = ∏
p

ζΓ,p

∧(s)

We manufacture the first example of a torsion-free finitely
generated nilpotent group Γ such that the local Euler factors
ζΓ,p

∧(s) do not satisfy functional equations on
inverting p. The group Γ has nilpotency class 4 and
Hirsch length 25. It is obtained, via the Malcev correspondence,
from a ℤ-Lie lattice Λ with a suitable algebraic
automorphism group 𝐀𝐮𝐭(Λ).
The geometry of the conjugacy problem in wreath products and free solvable groups
Authors: Sale Andrew W. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we describe an effective version of the conjugacy problem and study it for wreath products and free solvable groups. The problem involves estimating the length of short conjugators between two elements of the group, a notion which leads to the definition of the conjugacy length function. We show that for free solvable groups the conjugacy length function is at most cubic. For wreath products the behaviour depends on the conjugacy length function of the two groups involved, as well as subgroup distortion within the quotient group.
On nilpotent and solvable quotients of primitive groups
Authors: Keller Thomas Michael , Yang Yong 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Extending work of Aschbacher and Guralnick on abelian quotients of finite groups, in this paper we show that if G is a primitive permutation group on a set of size n, then
any nilpotent quotient of G has order at most n
β and any solvable quotient of G has order at most n
α+1, where β = log 32/log 9 and
α = (3 log(48) + log(24))/(3 · log(9)).
A function space from a compact metrizable space to a dendrite with the hypo-graph topology
Authors: Yang Hanbiao , Sakai Katsuro , Koshino Katsuhisa 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Let X be an infinite compact metrizable space having only a finite number of isolated points and Y be a non-degenerate dendrite with a distinguished end point v. For each continuous map ƒ : X → Y , we define the hypo-graph ↓vƒ = ∪ x∈X {x} × [v, ƒ (x)], where [v, ƒ (x)] is the unique arc from v to ƒ (x) in Y . Then we can regard ↓v C(X, Y ) = {↓vƒ | ƒ : X → Y is continuous} as the subspace of the hyperspace Cld(X × Y ) of nonempty closed sets in X × Y endowed with the Vietoris topology. Let

be the closure of ↓v C(X, Y ) in Cld(X ×Y ). In this paper, we shall prove that the pair

, ↓v C(X, Y )) is homeomorphic to (Q, c0), where Q = Iℕ is the Hilbert cube and c0 = {(xi )i∈ℕ ∈ Q | limi→∞xi = 0}.
Poly(lactic acid)/polypropylene and compatibilized poly(lactic acid)/polypropylene blends prepared by a vane extruder: analysis of the mechanical properties, morphology and thermal behavior
Authors: Chen Rong-yuan , Zou Wei , Zhang Hai-chen , Zhang Gui-zhen , Yang Zhi-tao , Qu Jin-ping 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/polypropylene (PP) blends with different weight fractions were prepared by a novel vane extruder. The mechanical properties, morphology, crystallization behavior and thermal stability of the blends were investigated. The tensile strength, flexural strength and elongation at break decreased nonlinearly when the PP content was not more than 50 wt% and then increased with an increase in the PP content. The flexural modulus decreased with increasing PP weight fraction. The PLA/PP 90:10 blend exhibited the optimum impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy measurements revealed that the PLA/PP blends were immiscible. Phase separation occurred significantly at a blend ratio of 50:50. Regarding the PLA/PP 90:10 blend, the mean diameter of the disperse-phase PP particles was the smallest at 1.11 μm. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed that low content of PP enhanced the crystallization of PLA. The PLA component in the blends impeded the crystallization of PP when PP was used as the matrix. The thermogravimetric analysis measurement involved a two-step decomposition process of the blends. The thermal resistance of the blends was improved by compounding with PP. As compatibilizers, both the maleic anhydride-grafted PP and the ethylene/n-butyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer helped improve the mechanical properties, crystallization property and thermal resistance of the PLA/PP blends.
Sekundärelektronen und -photonen der μ-Mesonen in festen Materialien
Authors: Ott K. , Preuss H. 
Published: March 2015

Die integralen Energiespektren der die μ-Mesonenkomponente auf Seehöhe in fester Materie begleitenden Elektronen und Photonen wurden für C-, Fe- und Pb-Shichten mit Dicken von 0 bis 50 g/cm2 und Energien zwischen 0 und 100 MeV berechnet.
Die Ergebnisse werden in Form von Kurven angegeben.
Mittlere kinetische Energie der bei der Kathodenzerstäubung von Metallen ausgesandten Partikel
Authors: Kopitzki Konrad , Stier Hans-Erhart 
Published: March 2015

Die mittlere kinetische Energie E der Teilchen, die beim Beschuß von Metallen mit Xe- und Kr-Ionen einer Energie von 35 keV ausgesandt werden, wurde in Abhängigkeit von der Ordnungszahl der Kathodensubstanz gemessen. Es zeigt sich eine regelmäßige Änderung dieser Energie in den einzelnen Perioden des periodischen Systems der Elemente, und zwar treten bei den Elementen der zweiten Nebengruppe Minima der Energie E auf. Ein Vergleich mit den Zerstäubungsraten der entsprechenden Metalle zeigt, daß die mittlere kinetische Energie der ausgesandten Teilchen um so größer ist, je kleiner die Zerstäubungsrate des betreffenden Metalls ist. Für die Elemente Au und Ta wurde E in Abhängigkeit von der Ionenenergie im Energiebereich von 20—60 keV beim Beschuß mit Ne-, A-, Kr- und Xe-Ionen bestimmt. Außerdem wurde bei konstant gehaltener Ionenenergie der Einfluß des Auftreffwinkels der Ionen auf die Energie E untersucht. Für ein bestimmtes Metall ist E um so größer, je tiefer die auftreffenden Teilchen in das Metallgitter eindringen.
Die Diskussion der Meßergebnisse zeigt die Bedeutung von fokussierenden Stoßfolgen für die Vorgänge bei der Kathodenzerstäubung. Es ergibt sich, daß die Energie der austretenden Teilchen in engem Zusammenhang steht mit der Maximalenergie, bei der fokussierende Stöße auftreten können.