bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appropriateness of Anticonvulsant Concentration Monitoring In Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Authors: Hovinga Collin A. , Rose Douglas F. , Phelps Stephanie J. 
Published: September 2012

Objectives We assessed the appropriateness of anticonvulsant concentration monitoring in hospitalized pediatric patients admitted to a teaching hospital.
Methods Literature-based criteria for anticonvulsant concentration monitoring were approved by the Pharmacokinetic and Neurology Services of Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center. A random sample of anticonvulsant concentrations ordered over a 6 month period was assessed. Patient demographics, anticonvulsant data, the type of professional who recommended the concentration, and sampling time were collected concurrent with hospitalization. Concentrations were assessed for appropriateness of indication and sampling time.
Results Concentrations (n=141) were obtained in 74 patients (mean age = 6.5+5.5 years) admitted to the floor (86%) or ICU (14%). Length of stay was 8.3+16.9 days. Monotherapy was used in 78.3% of patients. Carbamazepine (28.4%), phenytoin (27.5%), phenobarbital (27.6%), valproate (14.8%) or free phenytoin (1.7%) concentrations were recommended by a pediatrician (70.5%), neurologist (21.5%), neurosurgeon (2.1%), or Pharmacokinetic Services (5.9%). Fifty-three percent of all concentrations met appropriateness criteria for indication; however, 8.5% of tests were collected incorrectly. About half of the concentrations recommended by pediatricians (47.5%), neurologists (43.3%), and neurosurgeons (66.7%) did not meet appropriateness criteria for indication. The main reasons for inappropriate anticonvulsant concentration monitoring include frequent repetitive sampling (&lt;24 hours), obtaining an anticonvulsant concentration without an appropriate indication, failure to correctly apply the concept of pharmacological steady-state, incorrect identification of drug-drug interactions, and sampling irrespective of dosing schedule.
Conclusions One-half of all anticonvulsant concentrations fulfilled the indication criteria. There was no difference in appropriateness of indication based on the service recommending the concentration or for each specific anticonvulsant. The appropriateness rates reported are comparable to those reported in other studies. Inappropriate anticonvulsant concentration monitoring fails to improve patient care and contributes to a significant waste of financial resources.
Study of the Catechol‐O‐Methyltransferase (COMT) Gene with High Aggression in Children
Authors: Hirata Yuko , Zai Clement C. , Nowrouzi Behdin , Beitchman Joseph H. , Kennedy James L. 
Published: September 2012

The etiology of childhood‐onset aggression (COA) is poorly understood, but early COA can be considered as a strong risk factor for adult delinquency and criminal behavior. Callous‐unemotional (CU) traits have been proposed as a developmental model of antisocial behavior. Catechol O‐methyltransferase (COMT) has been associated with aggression, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and other psychiatric disorders. We report an association study between COMT single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), childhood aggression, and the CU trait in our sample of 144 children with scores at or exceeding the 90th percentile on the aggression subscale of the parent‐reported Child Behavior Checklist and the Teacher's Report Form. The genotype analysis of rs6269 showed nominally significant association (P = .019) and rs4818 showed a trend (P = .064) with COA. Trends were observed for rs6269 and rs4818 with CU scores (P < .10) as well. The analyses stratified by ADHD, or gender showed no significant results. This is the first report to our knowledge evaluating COMT SNPs with the phenotype of high aggression in children with a possible role for the COMT marker in CU traits. Given the importance of CU traits in antisocial behavior, further investigation of COMT is warranted. Aggr. Behav. 39:45‐51, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advances in Supramolecular Electronics – From Randomly Self‐assembled Nanostructures to Addressable Self‐Organized Interconnects
Authors: Moulin Emilie , Cid Juan‐José , Giuseppone Nicolas 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSupramolecular organic electronics rests on the use of bottom‐up chemical self‐assembly processes in order to design conducting components on the 5–100 nm scale. The challenges in this field are both the construction of 1D‐nanostructures displaying optimized transport properties and their precise connections to electrodes. The present Research News highlights important advances in such materials regarding their electrical performances, from semiconductors to organic metals, but also regarding their processability. In particular, by externally controlling light‐responsive supramolecular polymerization processes, and by using appropriate methods of casting with an applied electric field, it becomes possible to pre‐determine the accurate positioning of organic interconnects within patterned nano‐circuitry. These strategies using external stimuli to obtain addressability, thus hold promising alternatives to other conducting materials such as carbon nanotubes for further technological applications in nanosciences.
Hydration shells with a pinch of salt
Authors: Zaccai Giuseppe 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe discovery of extreme halophile microorganisms in the Dead Sea, which are specifically dependent on a multimolar salt environment to survive, stimulated major developments in biology and physical chemistry. The minireview focuses on the molecular level. After a brief introduction to the history of halophile studies, protein and nucleic acid solvent interactions and their influence on macromolecular structure stabilization and dynamics are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 233–238, 2013.
Ultrathin Ca‐PO4‐CO3 Solid‐Solution Nanowires: A Controllable Synthesis and Full‐Color Emission by Rare‐Earth Doping
Authors: Hui Junfeng , Yu Qiyu , Long Yong , Zhang Zhicheng , Yang Yong , Wang Pengpeng , Xu Biao , Wang Xun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIt was found that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and hydroxyapatite (Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6), which are two crucial constituents of the most abundant minerals in nature and very important bioinorganic components in the tissues of mineralizing organisms, can form solid solutions in a wide range of PO43−/CO32− (P/C) ratios at low temperature when prepared as ultrathin nanowire structures. This is due to the special reactivity of ultrasmall nanocrystals, which can effectively lower the synthetic temperature and promote the formation of solid solutions. The as‐prepared ultrathin nanowires with suitable P/C ratios presented strong blue luminescence due to the existence of abundant defects strengthened by CO32−. If used as the matrix, the as‐prepared ultrathin nanowires demonstrated bright green or red luminescent properties when doped with Tb3+ or Eu3+ ions, and simultaneously retained their original morphologies. These three kinds of fluorescent nanowires could reproduce a full range of luminescence colors based on additive color mixtures of the three primary colors (red, green, and blue). In addition, under the same reaction system, ultrafine rare‐earth‐doped (Ce3+, Tb3+, Eu3+) nanowires (about 1 nm in diameter) were synthesized by using a one‐step hydrothermal process, which further pushed the size of the Ca‐PO4‐CO3 nanobuilding blocks to one unit cell region. These ultrafine nanowires displayed excellent film‐forming properties and the ability to absorb UV radiation.
A Thorough Investigation of the Active Titanium Species in TS‐1 Zeolite by In Situ UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Qiang , Sun Keju , Feng Zhaochi , Li Guanna , Guo Meiling , Fan Fengtao , Li Can 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA thorough investigation of the active titanium species in TS‐1 zeolite was conducted by in situ UV resonance Raman spectroscopy combined with UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, DFT calculations, and epoxidation experiments. A new titanium species was identified with a characteristic Raman band at 695 cm−1 when excited at the 266 nm laser line. It is shown that the newly found titanium species is active in the epoxidation reactions in addition to the tetrahedrally coordinated titanium species. However, the acidity of the new titanium species could catalyze the ring‐opening reactions of the epoxy products. It results in a lower selectivity toward the epoxy products relative to that of the tetrahedrally coordinated titanium species. The side reaction can be suppressed by the addition of a weak basic reagent.
Clinical responses to selumetinib (AZD6244; ARRY‐142886)‐based combination therapy stratified by gene mutations in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Patel Sapna P. , Lazar Alexander J. , Papadopoulos Nicholas E. , Liu Ping , Infante Jeffrey R. , Glass Michelle R. , Vaughn Carol S. , LoRusso Patricia M. , Cohen Roger B. , Davies Michael A. , Kim Kevin B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The high prevalence of v‐raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) and neuroblastoma v‐ras oncogene homolog (NRAS) mutations in melanoma provides a strong rationale to test the clinical efficacy of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibition in this disease. The authors hypothesized that the presence of BRAF or NRAS mutations would correlate with clinical benefit among patients who received treatment with combination regimens that included the MEK inhibitor selumetinib.METHODS:BRAF and NRAS mutation status was determined retrospectively in available tissue specimens from patients with melanoma who were enrolled in a phase 1 trial of selumetinib in combination with 1 of 4 drugs (dacarbazine, docetaxel, temsirolimus, or erlotinib). The clinical response rate and the time to progression (TTP) were assessed as a function of BRAF and NRAS mutation status.RESULTS:Among 18 patients analyzed, 9 patients (50%) harbored a BRAF mutation (8 had a valine‐to‐glutamic acid substitution at residue 600 [V600E]; 1 had an arginine nonsense mutation at residue 603 [R603]), 4 patients (22%) harbored an NRAS mutation (2 had a glutamine‐to‐arginine substitution at residue 61 [Q61R], 1 had a glutamine‐to‐lysine substitution at residue 61 [Q61K], and 1 had a glycine‐to‐lysine substitution at residue 12 [G12S]), and 5 patient (28%) had the wild type of both genes. These mutations were mutually exclusive. Among the 9 patients who had BRAF mutations, 5 patients (56%) achieved a partial response, and 4 patients (44%) achieved stable disease for at least 6 weeks. No patient with the wild‐type BRAF gene achieved a clinical response (P = .01 vs patients with BRAF mutations). The presence of an NRAS mutation did not correlate with the clinical response rate. The presence of a BRAF mutation was correlated significantly with the TTP in a multivariate model (hazard ratio, 0.22; P = .02 vs wild‐type BRAF).CONCLUSIONS:Higher response rates and longer TTP were observed with selumetinib‐containing regimens in patients who had tumors that harbored a BRAF mutation compared with patients who had wild‐type BRAF. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Assessing the critical period for Rho kinase activity during Drosophila ventral furrow formation
Authors: Krajcovic Melissa M. , Minden Jonathan S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground: Drosophila ventral furrow formation (VFF), which is the first morphogenetic event during embryo development, serves as a model for epithelial sheet folding. VFF can be subdivided into five cell shape changes: apical membrane flattening, apicobasal nuclear migration, apicobasal cell shortening, random apical constriction, and concerted apical constriction. These processes are generally believed to be driven by Rho kinase (Rok) activation of myosin II to stimulate the constriction of the apical actomyosin network. To test the role of Rok and its downstream target myosin II in VFF, timed injections of the Rok inhibitor, Y‐27632, were performed. Results: Embryos injected with Y‐27632 before the concerted apical constriction phase of VFF were able to execute apicobasal nuclear migration and random apical constriction, but were unable to enter the concerted apical constriction phase. Embryos injected with Y‐27632 during concerted apical constriction reverted to the transition point between random apical constriction and concerted apical constriction. Finally, embryos injected with Y‐27632 upon the initiation of furrow ingression were able to complete VFF. Conclusions: Together these results suggest a critical period for Rok activity and presumably myosin II activation during the initiation of the concerted apical constriction phase of VFF. Developmental Dynamics 241:1729–1743, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Bis(pyrrole) Schiff Base Containing a Flexible Siloxane Bridge and Its NiII Complex
Authors: Vlad Angelica , Turta Constantin , Cazacu Maria , Rusu Elena , Shova Sergiu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA Schiff base, H2L, containing a siloxane bridge was prepared by condensation of pyrrole‐2‐carboxaldehyde with a siloxane diamine, 1,3‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane. The proper nickel(II) complex, NiL, was obtained by in situ generation of the ligand in the presence of nickel chloride. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and common spectroscopic (FTIR, 1H NMR, UV/Vis) techniques. Both compounds were structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography. NiL is a discrete mononuclear nickel complex with a tetrahedrally distorted square‐planar N4 environment. The thermal behavior of the ligand and nickel complex was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Transformation of terpenes into fine chemicals
Authors: Schwab Wilfried , Fuchs Christopher , Huang Fong‐Chin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe chemical industry has flourished in the 20th century due to the massive supply of cheap crude oil. However, growing concerns about the dependence on imported oil and the awareness that the world's oil supplies are limited have prompted interest in exploring nature's richness of plant sources. Plants offer enormous potential as cost‐effective, unlimited, environmentally friendly production systems that make efficient use of light energy and supply raw materials for the production of fuels, bulk, and fine chemicals. Terpenes are one of the largest and most diverse classes of organic compounds produced by all plants. They are derived biosynthetically from isoprene units, which consist of five carbon atoms. Due to their high abundance they have attracted attention as a class of natural products that can be converted into novel and valuable compounds commercially important for the industrial production of fragrances, perfumes, flavors, and pharmaceuticals as well as useful synthetic intermediates and chiral building blocks. The review focuses on the use of terpenes available from renewable resources in the fine chemicals industry. Chemical and biotechnological approaches are highlighted.
Annual to decadal morphodynamics of the foredune system at Greenwich Dunes, Prince Edward Island, Canada
Authors: Ollerhead Jeff , Davidson‐Arnott Robin , Walker Ian J. , Mathew Sojan 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to quantify relationships between season, sediment availability, sediment transport pathways, and beach/foredune morphology at Greenwich Dunes, PEI. This was done for periods ranging from a few days to multiple decades using erosion pins, bedframe measurements, annual surveys, and digital photogrammetry using historical aerial photographs. The relative significance of seasonal/annual processes versus response of the foredune system to broader geomorphic controls (e.g. relative sea level rise, storms, etc.) was also assessed.The data show that there are clear seasonal differences in the patterns of sand supply from the beach to the foredune at Greenwich and that there are differences in sediment supply to the foredune between the east and west reaches of the study area, resulting in ongoing differences in foredune morphology. They also demonstrate that models that incorporate wind climate alone, or even models that include other factors like beach moisture, would not be able to predict the amount of sediment movement from the beach to the foredune in this environment unless there were some way to parameterize system morphology, especially the presence or absence of a dune ramp.Finally, the data suggest that the foredune can migrate landward while maintaining its form via transfers of sediment from the stoss slope, over the crest, and onto the lee slope. Although the rate of foredune development or recovery after disturbance changes over time due to morphological feedback, the overall decadal evolution of the foredune system at Greenwich is consistent with, and supports, the Davidson‐Arnott (2005) conceptual model of dune transgression under rising sea level. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“I Am the Rock Goddess of Lyrics”: Writerly Identities of Adolescents Returning to School
Authors: Bickerstaff Susan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWhile a long tradition of sociocultural literacy research suggests that out‐of‐school youth engage in a range of meaningful literacy practices, we know little about how programs for returning students foster or constrain students’ literate identities. Drawing on data from a qualitative study conducted in a community college‐based program for out‐of‐school youth, this paper explores the literacy practices and identities of adolescents returning to school. The data indicate that participants have active out‐of‐school writing lives and robust writerly identities enacted in relationship with peers and literacy mentors. However, for most students, the return to school resulted in a disruption to those writerly identities as they struggled to meet the program's expectations for academic literacy. This paper suggests opportunities for educators to capitalize on students’ out‐of‐school literacy practices and the fullness of their identities as shaped by their experiences in and out of high school.
1H‐MR spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging of normal‐appearing temporal white matter in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after irradiation: Initial experience
Authors: Xiong Wei Feng , Qiu Shi Jun , Wang Hong Zhuo , Lv Xiao Fei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose:To detect radiation‐induced changes of temporal lobe normal‐appearing white mater (NAWM) following radiation therapy (RT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Materials and Methods:Seventy‐five H1‐MR spectroscopy and diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI) examinations were performed in 55 patients before and after receiving fractionated radiation therapy (total dose; 66–75GY). We divided the dataset into six groups, a pre‐RT control group and five other groups based on time after completion of RT. N‐acetylaspartic acid (NAA)/choline (Cho), NAA/creatine (Cr), Cho/Cr, mean diffusibility (MD), functional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusibility (λ⟂), and axial diffusibility (λ||) were calculated.Results:NAA/Cho and NAA/Cr decreased and λ⟂ increased significantly within 1 year after RT compared with pre‐RT. After 1 year, NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, and λ⟂ were not significantly different from pre‐RT. In all post‐RT groups, FA decreased significantly. λ|| decreased within 9 months after RT compared with pre‐RT, but was not significantly different from pre‐RT more than 9 months after RT.Conclusion:DTI and H1‐MR spectroscopy can be used to detect early radiation‐induced changes of temporal lobe NAWM following radiation therapy for NPC. Metabolic alterations and water diffusion characteristics of temporal lobe NAWM in patients with NPC after RT were dynamic and transient. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:101–108. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clonal differences in antioxidant activity and bioactive constituents of hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) and its year‐to‐year variability
Authors: Latocha Piotr , Wołosiak Rafał , Worobiej Elwira , Krupa Tomasz 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundHardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) is a new species, commercially grown in recent years. Total phenolics (TPC), vitamin C (TAA) content, antioxidant activity (AA) and their year‐to‐year variability in seven hardy kiwifruit clones were evaluated. TPC was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent assay. TAA was estimated by determination of l‐ascorbic acid and l‐dehydroascorbic acid levels using high‐performance liquid chromatography. AA was measured using diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and OH radicals.ResultsThe highest content of vitamin C, in all seasons, was found in D11 (1447–2181 mg kg−1 fresh weight) and phenolics for D11 and M1 clones (2583–3312 and 2228–3414 mg gallic acid equivalents kg−1 fresh weight, respectively). TPC and TAA content showed significant differences between hardy kiwifruit clones and showed significant year‐to‐year variability. Each year, the level of AA was significantly higher for D11 (DPPH, ABTS). AA was strongly correlated with TPC and TAA content in Actinidia fruit.ConclusionHardy kiwifruit are an important source of vitamin C and phenolics, which resulted in their good antioxidant potential. A significantly higher content of these compounds was found in fruit of hybrid origin, which suggests that A. purpurea × A. arguta clones may be useful genetic resources for further interspecific hybridization. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Yield, physicochemical traits, antioxidant pattern, polyphenol oxidase activity and total visual quality of field‐grown processing tomato cv. Brigade as affected by water stress in Mediterranean climate
Authors: Barbagallo Riccardo N , Di Silvestro Isabella , Patanè Cristina 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe ‘processing tomato’ is an important source of natural antioxidants whose concentration depends, along with other parameters, on water availability. In order to better understand the mechanisms that regulate the response to water stress, a study was carried out in a typically semi‐arid Mediterranean environment to investigate the yield, chemical composition and visual quality of tomato cv. ‘Brigade’ field grown under no irrigation (V0) in comparison with those of the conventional fully irrigated crop (V100).ResultsThe stressful conditions of V0 affected the total yield. Nevertheless, fruits exhibited an increase in firmness (+27%), total solids (+23%) and total soluble solids (+5%). The dynamic balance between the antioxidant pattern and polyphenol oxidase activity under water stress conditions resulted in fruits with increased antioxidant activity (+12%), due to a decline in enzyme activity (−48%) and a rise in vitamin C (+20%) and total phenolic (+13%) contents.ConclusionIt is possible to manage water stress by applying water‐saving irrigation strategies in order to promote the quality and nutritional properties of tomatoes while also contributing to saving water. This is a relevant aspect in processing tomato cultivation in semi‐arid environments, where both the cost and availability of irrigation water represent a rising problem in agricultural activities.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry