bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions in the management of infection in the foot in diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Peters E. J. , Lipsky B. A. , Aragón‐Sánchez J. , Boyko E. J. , Diggle M. , Embil J. M. , Kono S. , Lavery L. A. , Senneville E. , Urbančič‐Rovan V. , Van Asten S. A. , Jeffcoate W. J. ,   on behalf of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF)
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe expert panel on diabetic foot infection (DFI) of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot conducted a systematic review seeking all published reports relating to any type of treatment for infection of the foot in persons with diabetes published as of 30 June 2014. This review, conducted with both PubMed and EMBASE, was used to update an earlier one undertaken on 30 June 2010 using the same search string. Eligible publications included those that had outcome measures reported for both a treated and a control population that were managed either at the same time, or as part of a before‐and‐after case design. We did not include studies that contained only information related to definition or diagnosis, but not treatment, of DFI. The current search identified just seven new articles meeting our criteria that were published since the 33 identified with the previous search, making a total of 40 articles from the world literature.The identified articles included 37 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and three cohort studies with concurrent controls, and included studies on the use of surgical procedures, topical antiseptics, negative pressure wound therapy and hyperbaric oxygen. Among the studies were 15 RCTs that compared outcomes of treatment with new antibiotic preparations compared with a conventional therapy in the management of skin and soft tissue infection. In addition, 10 RCTs and 1 cohort study compared different treatments for osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. Results of comparisons of different antibiotic regimens generally demonstrated that newly introduced antibiotic regimens appeared to be as effective as conventional therapy (and also more cost‐effective in one study), but one study failed to demonstrate non‐inferiority of a new antibiotic compared with that of a standard agent.Overall, the available literature was both limited in both the number of studies and the quality of their design. Thus, our systematic review revealed little evidence upon which to make recommendations for treatment of DFIs. There is a great need for further well‐designed trials that will provide robust data upon which to make decisions about the most appropriate treatment of both skin and soft tissue infection and osteomyelitis in diabetic patients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isomer Dependence of Efficiency and Charge Recombination in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using Ru Complex Dyes Bearing Halogen Substituents
Authors: Chadwick Nina , Kumar D. Kishore , Ivaturi Aruna , Grew Benjamin A. , Upadhyaya Hari M. , Yellowlees Lesley J. , Robertson Neil 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe have synthesised Ru(H2‐dcbpy)(N,N′‐Y2‐bpy)(NCS)2 dyes (where N = 4, 5; Y = F, Cl, Br; N is the position on the bipyridyl ring where the halogen substituent is located) for dye‐sensitised solar cells. We show that careful consideration of the position of the substituent, in conjunction with the nature of the substituents, on a bpy ring is important to optimize the solar cells performance. Changing the position (from 4,4′ to 5,5′) along with the nature of the halogen (F, Cl, or Br) substituents were observed to cause changes in the electronic and spectroscopic properties of the dyes as well as influence the recombination rates at the TiO2–dyes–I–/I3– interface affecting the performance of the dyes in DSSCs.
Effects of Buffers and pH on the Reaction of a trans‐Platinum Complex with 5′‐Guanosine Monophosphate
Authors: Li Chan , Ding Yi , Cheng Lanjun , Zheng Yuchuan , Sletten Einar , Liu Yangzhong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aquation of platinum anticancer drugs is a crucial step for their activation and the consequent binding to the target DNA. These processes can be influenced by small molecules, such as carbonate and phosphate, which are present in high concentration in physiological conditions. In this work, the effects of buffer and pH on the reaction of trans‐EE {trans‐[PtCl2{E‐HN=C(OCH3)CH3}2]} with 5′‐guanosine monophosphate (5′‐GMP) have been studied in detail. The reactions were monitored by HPLC at different pH in the presence of carbonate, phosphate, and HEPES [4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid] buffers. trans‐EE showed a very low affinity for the nitrogen atoms of HEPES, but formed monofunctional adducts with carbonate and phosphate ions. The platination of GMP by trans‐EE was significantly affected by the choice of buffer and pH. Carbonate buffer decreased the reaction rate, mostly due to its competition with GMP. Although phosphate buffer formed a similar monofunctional adduct with trans‐EE, it had a negligible effect on the platination rate of GMP. This may be due to the formation of ternary adducts with trans‐EE and GMP. In all cases, the platination reaction was slower at higher pH, probably due to the deprotonation of an aqua ligand on the mono‐aqua complex of trans‐EE. The results in this paper indicate that the solution conditions have a different effect on the reaction of trans‐platinum complexes compared with cisplatin.
Degradation of glycidyl esters in RBD palm oil as a function of storage conditions
Authors: Matthäus Bertrand , Vosmann Klaus , Weitkamp Petra , Grundmann Dominik , Kersting Hans Josef 
Published: September 2015

Storage of oil samples in a refrigerator results in the degradation of glycidyl fatty acid esters (G‐FE). In the present work, the degradation rate for G‐FE in RBD palm oil was determined at different temperatures with 0.4 mg/kg per month (5°C), 0.3 mg/kg per month (10°C), 0.2 mg/kg per month (15°C), 0.1 mg/kg per month (−20°C), and 0.0 mg/kg per month (20°C). The crystallization process was identified for RBD palm oil as reason for this phenomenon. Isothermal differential scanning calorimetry measurements show that this process delivers enough energy to cleave the epoxy bonding of the G‐FE (33.7 J/g [5 and 15°C] and 41.5 J/g [10°C]).Practical applications: The occurrence of glycidyl fatty acid esters is a big issue in oil processing industry especially for RBD palm oil. Short after the first announcement about the appearance of the esters in edible oils, a degradation of G‐FE was observed when oil samples were stored in a refrigerator. This observation was of great interest for analytics since oil samples usually are stored in the refrigerator until use to avoid deterioration of the oil quality. Thus, the investigation of the rate and the reason for the degradation of G‐FE during storage of RBD palm oil at lower temperatures is important to explain this phenomenon.The amount of glycidyl fatty acid ester significantly decreases during storage of palm oil samples in a refrigerator with 0.4 mg/kg per month (5°C), 0.3 mg/kg per month (10°C), and 0.2 mg/kg per month (15°C). The crystallization process was identified for RBD palm oil as possible reason for this phenomenon. Isothermal differential scanning calorimetry measurements show that this process delivers enough energy to cleave the epoxy bonding of glycidyl esters.
Oxidative stability during storage of fish oil from filleting by‐products of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is largely independent of the processing and production temperature
Authors: Honold Philipp J. , Nouard Marie‐Louise , Jacobsen Charlotte 
Published: September 2015

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is the main fish species produced in Danish fresh water farming. Large amounts of fileting by‐products like heads, bones, tails (HBT), and intestines are produced when rainbow trout is processed to smoked rainbow trout filets. The filleting by‐products can be used to produce high quality fish oil. In this study, the oxidative stability of fish oil produced from filleting by‐products was evaluated. The oil was produced from conventional or organic fish (low and high omega‐3 fatty acid content) at different temperatures (70 and 90°C). The oxidative stability of the oil was tested during storage at two different temperatures (20 and 40°C). Results showed that omega‐3 content of the fish oil influenced the oxidative stability, whereas the processing temperature during oil production played a minor role.Practical applications: The fish oil used for this study was produced in industrial scale. Hence, this research is highly relevant for companies and academics that are working with fish oil extraction and fish oil oxidative stability.The oxidative stability of crude fish oil extracted at two different temperatures from conventional and organic rainbow trout was investigated during storage at 20°C and 40°C and linked to the oil production temperature.
Increasing the Operational Lifetime of a Printed Enzymatic Power Source using Superabsorbent Polymers as the Anode Support
Authors: Tuurala Saara , Kallio Tanja , Smolander Maria , Bergelin Mikael 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSuperabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were added as a dry powder to the anode side of a printed enzymatic power source. SAPs partially eliminated delamination of the cathode electrode from the current collector and decreased the ohmic losses in the cells. SAPs also retained moisture inside the cells and increased water diffusion through the membrane from the anode side to the cathode side. Moreover, the degradation process of the operational cells was slower due to using the SAPs. Consequently, the operational lifetime of the cells was increased; the electric charge and energy output of the cells doubled in the presence of the SAPs at the anode.
Confirming geomorphological interpretations based on portable OSL reader data
Authors: Portenga Eric W. , Bishop Paul 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPortable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) readers are increasingly being used in geomorphological and archaeological investigations, but information regarding data reproducibility and the reliability of interpretations based on portable OSL reader data has not yet been presented to the wider geomorphological community. This Letter addresses these two issues by returning to Grabben Gullen Creek in the southeastern Australian Tablelands where we remeasure a sediment profile that was first measured by other researchers 3 years earlier. We also compare portable OSL reader data measured on sediment interpreted to have been deposited in swampy meadow wetlands and flood alluvium settings with data measured on known swampy meadow and flood deposits. Our data show that portable OSL reader data are reproducible. Moreover, we confirm the earlier interpretation that stratigraphies commonly exposed in southeastern Australian Tablelands valley bottoms reflect pre‐European swampy meadow wetlands and flood alluvium. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Significance of sediment transport processes during piedmont floods: the 2005 flood events in Switzerland
Authors: Rickenmann Dieter , Badoux Alexandre , Hunzinger Lukas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA long‐lasting rainstorm event from 20 to 22 August 2005 affected a large part of the northern Alps and Prealps in Switzerland. It resulted in elevated discharges and flooding in many headwater catchments and mountain rivers. The associated geomorphic processes included shallow landslides, deep‐seated slope instabilities, debris flows, and fluvial sediment transport. In many parts of the affected areas human activities are important, including many buildings, traffic lines and other infrastructure. In the steeper parts, geomorphic processes were mainly responsible for flow overtopping and sediment deposition both in and outside of the channel network. In the lower parts, lateral erosion and exceedance of the channel discharge capacity were the main reasons for morphologic channel modification and flooding. Sediment‐related processes contributed a lot to the overall damage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multi‐method investigation of temperature, moisture and salt dynamics in tafoni (Tafraoute, Morocco)
Authors: Schnepfleitner Harald , Sass Oliver , Fruhmann Stefanie , Viles Heather , Goudie Andrew 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDespite numerous investigations and theoretical models, tafoni weathering is still not fully understood largely because of limited data available on temperature, moisture and salt regimes. We investigated tafoni developed in granite in the Tafraoute region, Morocco, through an exploratory, two‐week multi‐method field campaign. Temperatures were measured with iButtons and by means of infrared thermography; moisture distribution and progress were captured with handheld moisture sensors and with drilled‐in iButtons. Salts were analysed in drill dust samples from different positions and rock depths.The results derived from very different techniques mutually support one another. Salts and moisture are concentrated near the base of the investigated tafoni, probably due to a saturated pore water body around the base of rock tors. Salts are accumulated close to the rock surface in tafoni, but not on the surrounding rock surfaces. A clear correlation was found between moisture and salt contents. Within a tafone, areas of higher humidity also display increased salt concentration near the surface. The temperature/humidity records allied with ionic analyses suggest that sodium sulfate dominates and is likely to undergo frequent phase changes from thenardite to mirabilite and vice versa. Two pathways of salt transport in and around tafoni are assumed based on the data: infiltration with rainfall on the top and around tors and boulders, and capillary rise from saturated pore water bodies to the surface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of odour‐active compounds of sweet orange essential oils of different regions by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, gas chromatography‐olfactometry and their correlation with sensory attributes
Authors: Xiao Zuobing , Ma Shengtao , Niu Yunwei , Chen Feng , Yu Dan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractVolatiles of six sweet orange essential oils with different origins were characterized by descriptive sensory analysis, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GC‐O). Six attributes (green, fruity, peely, fatty, floral and wood) were selected to assess sweet orange essential oils, in which 64 volatile compounds were detected by GC‐MS. Monoterpenes constituted the largest chemical group among the volatiles of the essential oils. Thirty‐one aroma compounds having more than a 50% detection frequency and large span were selected as major odour active compounds correlated with sensory evaluation assessed by partial least squares regression (PLSR). The correlation result showed α‐pinene, sabinene, limonene, δ‐terpinolene, hexanal, octanal, decanal and dodecanal were typical aroma compounds, which co‐varied with a characteristic aroma of the sweet orange essential oil. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase state variations for supercritical carbon dioxide drilling
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Sun Baojiang , Sun Xiaohui , Li Huazhou , Wang Jintang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA phase state prediction model during supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) drilling is established, considering the enthalpy changes caused by the flow work variations and changes in kinetic energy, as well as the potential energy caused by the fluid velocity along with physical property variations. The results show that variations in the flow work affect the temperature field of the SC‐CO2fluid significantly. Phase state transitions of the fluid in the drill pipes and the annulus exist; in this example, the depth of the phase transition point in the drill pipes is in the range of 600 to 1000 m, while in the annulus, it is in the range of 400 to 700 m. Different results are observed when the phase state prediction is conducted by adjusting the discharge capacities, injecting temperature and pressure. When the discharge capacity is increased, the phase transition points in the drill pipes and the annuluses move downward; the pressure of the bit nozzle upstream increases gradually, while the pressure of the bit nozzle downstream changes slightly. When the wellhead back pressure is increased, the depths of the phase transition points in the drill pipes and the annulus decrease. Moreover, the pressure variations of the bit nozzle upstream and downstream can be divided into two stages: the fast growth stage and the slow growth stage. When the injection temperature is increased, the depths of the phase transition points in the drill pipes and the annulus are reduced; the temperature drop and the pressure drop at the nozzle change slightly. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The Roles and Mechanisms of Actions of Vitamin C in Bone: New Developments
Authors: Aghajanian Patrick , Hall Susan , Wongworawat Montri D , Mohan Subburaman 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Vitamin C is an important antioxidant and cofactor that is involved in the regulation of development, function, and maintenance of several cell types in the body. Deficiencies in vitamin C can lead to conditions such as scurvy, which, among other ailments, causes gingivia, bone pain, and impaired wound healing. This review examines the functional importance of vitamin C as it relates to the development and maintenance of bone tissues. Analysis of several epidemiological studies and genetic mouse models regarding the effect of vitamin C shows a positive effect on bone health. Overall, vitamin C exerts a positive effect on trabecular bone formation by influencing expression of bone matrix genes in osteoblasts. Recent studies on the molecular pathway for vitamin C actions that include direct effects of vitamin C on transcriptional regulation of target genes by influencing the activity of transcription factors and by epigenetic modification of key genes involved in skeletal development and maintenance are discussed. With an understanding of mechanisms involved in the uptake and metabolism of vitamin C and knowledge of precise molecular pathways for vitamin C actions in bone cells, it is possible that novel therapeutic strategies can be developed or existing therapies can be modified for the treatment of osteoporotic fractures. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cycloartenyl Ferulate Inhibits Paraquat‐Induced Apoptosis in HK‐2 Cells With the Involvement of ABCC1
Authors: Hong Guang‐Liang , Liu Jia‐Ming , Zhao Guang‐Ju , Tan Jia‐Ping , Wu Bin , Li Meng‐Fang , Liang Guang , Qiu Qiao‐Meng , Lu Zhong‐Qiu 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTNephrotoxicity induced by chemicals such as paraquat (PQ) is a common clinical phenomenon; therefore, searching for drugs with renal protective effect is of a great practical significance. Our previous investigation found that cycloartenyl ferulate (CF) can antagonize the cytotoxic effect of PQ, and recent studies also revealed a variety of bioactivities of CF. However, specific molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of CF have not been explored yet. HPLC detection of PQ content indicated that CF reduced PQ accumulation in HK‐2 cells and thereby improved cell survival. Western blot results showed that both PQ and CF did not affect the expression of ABCB1; however, while PQ suppressed the expression of ABCC1, CF upregulated ABCC1 expression and thereby reversed the inhibitory effect of PQ on ABCC1 expression. Meanwhile, HK‐2 cells did not express ABCG2. When the expression of ABCC1 was knocked down with siRNA, the inhibitory effect of CF on intracellular PQ accumulation was blocked. Further flow cytometric analysis showed that while PQ significantly induced the appearance of sub‐G1 apoptotic peak in cells, CF evidently inhibited apoptosis. TUNEL‐DAPI double‐staining also detected that PQ significantly induced the occurrence of DNA fragmentation in cells, whereas CF effectively inhibited the effect of PQ. Further results showed that ABCC1 siRNA effectively abolished the protective effect of CF on PQ‐induced apoptosis. Taken together, these data demonstrated that in HK‐2 cells, CF could antagonize PQ‐induced toxicity with the involvement of regulatiion of ABCC1 protein expression, which provides a new strategy for treatments of nephrotoxicity. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 872–880, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatized Parameterization of the Density‐functional Tight‐binding Method. II. Two‐center Integrals
Authors: Witek Henryk A. , Chou Chien‐Pin , Mazur Grzegorz , Nishimura Yoshifumi , Irle Stephan , Aradi Bálint , Frauenheim Thomas , Morokuma Keiji 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present an efficient numerical integration scheme (TWOCENT) to be used in the context of automatized parameterization of the density‐functional tight‐binding (DFTB) method. The accuracy of the integration process is assessed and its range of applicability is discussed. The functionality of the developed code is tested by reproducing the electronic portion of the existing mio parameter sets and by reproducing a series of reference DFT band structures of elemental solids.
The provision of enteral nutritional support during definitive chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Bishop Sarah , Reed Warren Michael 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCombination chemoradiation is the gold standard of management for locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. One of the most significant advantages of this approach to treatment is organ preservation which may not be possible with radical surgery. Unfortunately, few treatments are without side‐effects and the toxicity associated with combined modality treatment causes meaningful morbidity. Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) may have difficulties meeting their nutritional requirements as a consequence of tumour location or size or because of the acute toxicity associated with treatment. In particular, severe mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia and nausea and vomiting limit intake. In addition to this, dysphagia is often present at diagnosis, with many patients experiencing silent aspiration. As such, many patients will require enteral nutrition in order to complete chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Feeding occurs via catheters placed transnasally (nasogastric tubes) or directly into the stomach through the anterior abdominal wall (percutaneous gastrostomy tubes). In the absence of clear evidence concerning the superiority of one method over another, the choice of feeding tube tends to be dependent on clinician and patient preference. This review examines key issues associated with the provision of enteral nutritional support during definitiveCRTinHNCpatients, including feeding methods, patient outcomes and timing of tube insertion and use.