bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of miR-10b expression in circulating tumor cells
Authors: Gasch Christin , Plummer Prue N. , Jovanovic Lidija , McInnes Linda M. , Wescott David , Saunders Christobel M. , Schneeweiss Andreas , Wallwiener Markus , Nelson Colleen , Spring Kevin J. , Riethdorf Sabine , Thompson Erik W. , Pantel Klaus , Mellick Albert S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of cancer patients are recognized as important potential targets for future anticancer therapies. As mediators of metastatic spread, CTCs are also promising to be used as ‘liquid biopsy’ to aid clinical decision-making. Recent work has revealed potentially important genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity within CTC populations, even within the same patient. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and have emerged as potentially important diagnostic markers and targets for anti-cancer therapy. Here, we describe a robust in situ hybridization (ISH) protocol, incorporating the CellSearch® CTC detection system, enabling clinical investigation of important miRNAs, such as miR-10b on a cell by cell basis. We also use this method to demonstrate heterogeneity of such as miR-10b on a cell-by-cell basis. We also use this method to demonstrate heterogeneity of miR-10b in individual CTCs from breast, prostate and colorectal cancer patients.
Integrated micro-optofluidic platform for real-time detection of airborne microorganisms
Authors: Choi Jeongan , Kang Miran , Jung Jae Hee 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate an integrated micro-optofluidic platform for real-time, continuous detection and quantification of airborne microorganisms. Measurements of the fluorescence and light scattering from single particles in a microfluidic channel are used to determine the total particle number concentration and the microorganism number concentration in real-time. The system performance is examined by evaluating standard particle measurements with various sample flow rates and the ratios of fluorescent to non-fluorescent particles. To apply this method to real-time detection of airborne microorganisms, airborne Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis cells were introduced into the micro-optofluidic platform via bioaerosol generation and a liquid-type particle collection setup was used. We demonstrate successful discrimination of SYTO82-dyed fluorescent bacterial cells from other residue particles in a continuous and real-time manner. In comparison with traditional microscopy cell counting and colony culture methods, this micro-optofluidic platform is not only more accurate in terms of the detection efficiency for airborne microorganisms but it also provides additional information on the total particle number concentration.
Electrical level of defects in single-layer two-dimensional TiO2
Authors: Song X. F. , Hu L. F. , Li D. H. , Chen L. , Sun Q. Q. , Zhou P. , Zhang D. W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe remarkable properties of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted increasing attention on two-dimensional materials, but the gate oxide, one of the key components of two-dimensional electronic devices, has rarely reported. We found the single-layer oxide can be used as the two dimensional gate oxide in 2D electronic structure, such as TiO2. However, the electrical performance is seriously influenced by the defects existing in the single-layer oxide. In this paper, a nondestructive and noncontact solution based on spectroscopic ellipsometry has been used to detect the defect states and energy level of single-layer TiO2 films. By fitting the Lorentz oscillator model, the results indicate the exact position of defect energy levels depends on the estimated band gap and the charge state of the point defects of TiO2.
Interfacial effect on physical properties of composite media: Interfacial volume fraction with non-spherical hard-core-soft-shell-structured particles
Authors: Xu Wenxiang , Duan Qinglin , Ma Huaifa , Chen Wen , Chen Huisu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInterfaces are known to be crucial in a variety of fields and the interfacial volume fraction dramatically affects physical properties of composite media. However, it is an open problem with great significance how to determine the interfacial property in composite media with inclusions of complex geometry. By the stereological theory and the nearest-surface distribution functions, we first propose a theoretical framework to symmetrically present the interfacial volume fraction. In order to verify the interesting generalization, we simulate three-phase composite media by employing hard-core-soft-shell structures composed of hard mono-/polydisperse non-spherical particles, soft interfaces and matrix. We numerically derive the interfacial volume fraction by a Monte Carlo integration scheme. With the theoretical and numerical results, we find that the interfacial volume fraction is strongly dependent on the so-called geometric size factor and sphericity characterizing the geometric shape in spite of anisotropic particle types. As a significant interfacial property, the present theoretical contribution can be further drawn into predicting the effective transport properties of composite materials.
Three Dimensional Hybrids of Vertical Graphene-nanosheet Sandwiched by Ag-nanoparticles for Enhanced Surface Selectively Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Zhao Jing , Sun Mengtao , Liu Zhe , Quan Baogang , Gu Changzhi , Li Junjie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThree dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructure is perfect for the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and also very suitable for surface catalytic reaction, but how to design and fabricate is still a robust task. Here, we show a 3D plasmonic nanohybrid of vertical graphene-nanosheet sandwiched by Ag-nanoparticles on the silicon nanocone array substrate for enhanced surface catalytic reaction. By SERS detection, we find that this hierarchical nanohybrid structure is highly efficient in the enhancement of catalytic reaction, even at a very low concentration of 10−11 M, which is far better than previous reports by four orders of magnitude. A strong electric field enhancement produced in the 3D framework nanohybrids of graphene nanosheet/Ag-nanoparticles is responsible for this great enhancement of catalytic reaction, due to larger electron collective oscillation in the composite system. Especially the oxygen adsorbed on the graphene and Ag nanoparticles can be excited to triplet excited states and the electrons on the graphene and the nanoparticles can be effectively transferred to the oxygen, which plays very important role in molecular catalytic reactions. Our results demonstrate the contribution of graphene in plasmon-driven catalytic reactions, revealing a co-driven reaction process.This excellent SERS substrate can be used for future plasmon and graphene co-catalytic surface catalytic reactions, graphene-based surface plasmon sensors and so on.
Fluoxetine regulates mTOR signalling in a region-dependent manner in depression-like mice
Authors: Liu Xiao-Long , Luo Liu , Mu Rong-Hao , Liu Bin-Bin , Geng Di , Liu Qing , Yi Li-Tao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has an important role in ketamine-induced, rapid antidepressant effects despite the acute administration of fluoxetine not affecting mTOR phosphorylation in the brain. However, the effects of long-term fluoxetine treatment on mTOR modulation have not been assessed to date. In the present study, we examined whether fluoxetine, a type of commonly used antidepressant agent, alters mTOR signaling following chronic administration in different brain regions, including the frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus. We also investigated whether fluoxetine enhanced synaptic protein levels in these regions via the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway and its downstream regulators, p70S6K and 4E-BP-1. The results indicated that chronic fluoxetine treatment attenuated the chronic, unpredictable, mild stress (CUMS)-induced mTOR phosphorylation reduction in the hippocampus and amygdala of mice but not in the frontal cortex or the hypothalamus. Moreover, the CUMS-decreased PSD-95 and synapsin I levels were reversed by fluoxetine and these effects were blocked by rapamycin only in the hippocampus. In conclusion, our findings suggest that chronic treatment with fluoxetine can induce synaptic protein expression by activating the mTOR signaling pathway in a region-dependent manner and mainly in the hippocampus.
Boulders on asteroid Toutatis as observed by Chang’e-2
Authors: Jiang Yun , Ji Jianghui , Huang Jiangchuan , Marchi Simone , Li Yuan , Ip Wing-Huen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBoulders are ubiquitously found on the surfaces of small rocky bodies in the inner solar system and their spatial and size distributions give insight into the geological evolution and collisional history of the parent bodies. Using images acquired by the Chang’e-2 spacecraft, more than 200 boulders have been identified over the imaged area of the near-Earth asteroid Toutatis. The cumulative boulder size frequency distribution (SFD) shows a steep slope of −4.4 ± 0.1, which is indicative of a high degree of fragmentation. Similar to Itokawa, Toutatis probably has a rubble-pile structure, as most boulders on its surface cannot solely be explained by impact cratering. The significantly steeper slope for Toutatis’ boulder SFD compared to Itokawa may imply a different preservation state or diverse formation scenarios. In addition, the cumulative crater SFD has been used to estimate a surface crater retention age of approximately 1.6 ± 0.3 Gyr.
Multiple Effects of the Second Fluid on Suspension Viscosity
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhao Hui , Li Weifeng , Xu Menghan , Liu Haifeng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPrevious research has shown that adding a small amount of a second immiscible fluid to particulate suspension can result in a significant influence on viscosity. In this study, the effects of the second fluid addition over a small dosage range on the rheological properties of particle suspension were investigated. As the dosage of the second fluid was increased, the viscosity and yield stress initially decreased then increased and finally decreased again. The microstructure of the suspension was observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and showed three different states with the increasing dosage of the second fluid: a dispersive sate, cluster state and cell state in sequence. The presence of these states interpreted the non-monotonic trend of viscosity and yield stress in the suspensions.
Tunable directional coupler for RF front‐end applications
Authors: Solomko V. , Tanc B. , Kehrer D. , Ilkov N. , Bakalski W. , Simbürger W. 
Published: October 2015

A tunable directional coupler for radio frequency (RF) front‐ends of handheld mobile devices is presented. The coupler is implemented in a 0.13 μm bulk RF‐CMOS technology with all elements monolithically integrated on a single die. A digitally‐tuned termination network at the isolated port of the coupler is realised solely with RF‐switch transistors using the channel resistance of a metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) device. The fine‐tuned termination network allows the coupler to achieve a directivity of over 25 dB in the whole cellular frequency range from 699 MHz up to 2.7 GHz. The worst‐case insertion loss in the transmitted path is 0.15 dB at 2.7 GHz.
Use of ultra‐narrow band miniature antennas for internet‐of‐things applications
Authors: Lizzi L. , Ferrero F. 
Published: October 2015

The feasibility of using ultra‐narrow band (UNB) antennas for internet‐of‐things applications is discussed. An analysis aimed at evaluating the antenna miniaturisation limits when there are almost no bandwidth requirements is performed. Both numerical and experimental results show that, carefully taking into account the metal conductivity, it is possible to obtain miniature antennas with good impedance matching, UNB, and acceptable efficiency. As a representative example, a wearable on‐body antenna outperforming by 10 dB in terms of total efficiency a commercial solution is presented.
Scale models formulation of switched reluctance generators for low speed energy converters
Authors: Lobato Pedro , Dente Joaquim A. , Martins João F. , Pires Armando J. 
Published: October 2015

This study presents a design methodology based on scale models for low speed switched reluctance generators (SRG). This study is motivated by the application of SRG to direct‐drive wind turbines and other low speed renewable energy systems. In direct drive energy converters considerable simplifications result from the elimination of the gear box which has generally been used to interface a slowly rotating shaft with the generator shaft. The comparison and evaluation of magnetic structures plays an important role in the SRG design. General design methodologies are usually oriented towards the evaluation of stator/rotor poles combinations for regular switched reluctance machines. Besides covering that feature, the formulation of scale laws proposed is also suitable to compare other SRG topologies distinguished by different characteristics of electric and magnetic circuits and their own relative position. In addition, this methodology can be extended to other physical phenomena such as thermal changes and magnetic saturation by introducing some constraints. The running example compares a modular short flux‐path topology versus a low speed 20 kW prototype SRG designed for a direct drive wind turbine. The modular topology can optimise the efficiency and weight taking benefits from the significant gain of power per unit of volume and lower losses.
Sliding‐mode position control of medium‐stroke voice coil motor based on system identification observer
Authors: Pan Jianfei , Or Siu Wing , Zou Yu , Cheung Norbert Chow 
Published: October 2015

This study presents the performance improvement in the position control of a medium‐stroke voice coil motor (VCM) using a sliding‐mode controller (SMC) with a system identification observer (SIO). The proposed VCM is developed with a full stroke of 24 mm, and its non‐linear electro‐magneto‐mechanical characteristics are analysed by the three‐dimensional finite element method. A least‐squares‐based SIO is introduced into the VCM control system prior to the position regulation of the SMC in order to achieve a shorter rise time of 29 ms and a smaller steady‐state error of <±2 μm under a square‐wave excitation of 20 mm amplitude and 0.5 Hz frequency. An experimental verification between the SMC and a traditional proportion–integral–differential controller is carried out. The results demonstrate improved dynamic and static tracking responses in the SMC under load‐free, frequency‐varying operations.
Influence of electrode groove geometry on the passive control of the depletion layer in microfluidic fuel cells
Authors: Lee Seung-Wu , Ahn Yoomin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Mitigation of the concentration boundary layer is an essential requirement to improve the power density of microfluidic fuel cells. In this study, the formation of a groove shape in the surface of the electrodes, located in parallel on the bottom of the channel, is proposed for the passive control of the depletion layer. The flow field inside the channel is numerically simulated and cell performance is experimentally measured for the various groove formation patterns (converging, parallel, or diverging) and tilt angles (30, 45, or 60°). Experimentally measured cell performance also shows superior results at the best conditions as determined by numerical modeling, where the interdiffusion zone at the fuel-oxidant interface is not significantly expanded and the flow in the direction normal to the electrode surface is large. Our results show that the depletion region is well-controlled when the groove angle is large and when the groove pattern is not parallel, due to the increase in chaotic mixing. At these conditions, with formic acid as the fuel and a platinum electrode, the maximum current density and peak power density are increased by 38.42% and 38.09%, respectively, compared to the values for flat electrodes. Even better cell performance is expected if the optimum design of the groove shape is determined using flow analysis.
Two-pass alignment improves novel splice junction quantification
Authors: Veeneman Brendan A. , Shukla Sudhanshu , Dhanasekaran Saravana M. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Nesvizhskii Alexey I. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Discovery of novel splicing from RNA sequence data remains a critical and exciting focus of transcriptomics, but reduced alignment power impedes expression quantification of novel splice junctions.
Results: Here, we profile performance characteristics of two-pass alignment, which separates splice junction discovery from quantification. Per sample, across a variety of transcriptome sequencing datasets, two-pass alignment improved quantification of at least 94% of simulated novel splice junctions, and provided as much as 1.7-fold deeper median read depth over those splice junctions. We further demonstrate that two-pass alignment works by increasing alignment of reads to splice junctions by short lengths, and that potential alignment errors are readily identifiable by simple classification. Taken together, two-pass alignment promises to advance quantification and discovery of novel splicing events.
Contact: arul@med.umich.edu, nesvi@med.umich.edu
Availability and implementation: Two-pass alignment was implemented here as sequential alignment, genome indexing, and re-alignment steps with STAR. Full parameters are provided in Supplementary Table 2.
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pharmacologic Stress Testing
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Zoghbi Gilbert J. , Hage Fadi G. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Pharmacological stress testing plays an important role in patient management. Pharmacologic stress agents (adenosine, dipyridamole, regadenoson, dobutamine) produce coronary hyperemia, which is at least as high as that achieved by maximal exercise, by a completely different set of mechanisms than that achieved during exercise. Regadenoson, a relatively newer agent, offers ease of administration and fewer side effects than older stress agents and has become the agent of choice in many stress laboratories. The choice of the stress agent should be individualized based on its indications, contraindications and safety profile. The diagnostic accuracy of pharmacological stress testing for significant coronary artery disease detection is comparable to or exceeds that of exercise myocardial perfusion imaging.
Regulation of vasomotor tone in the afferent and efferent arterioles
Authors: Endlich Karlhans , Loutzenhiser Rodger 
Published: November 2015

Pre-glomerular vessels are regulated by membrane potential alterations affecting the activity of L-type voltage-activated Ca2+ channels; whereas voltage-independent mechanisms regulate the efferent arteriole, notably influenced by angiotensin II and therefore by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

These properties underlie the physiologic control of glomerular capillary pressure, for example, by prostaglandin E2, during conditions of reduced renal perfusion and the stabilization of glomerular capillary pressure when the kidney is exposed to pressure fluctuations. A wealth of hormones affects the tone of renal vessels. The chapter focuses on basic regulatory and signalling mechanisms, emphasizing the unique aspects of the renal vasculature and the underlying features that facilitate the independent regulation of pre-glomerular and post-glomerular tone.
Bacterial and fungal infections in patients on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Goffin Eric , Labriola Laura , Jadoul Michel 
Published: November 2015

Infections specifically related to peritoneal dialysis include peritonitis on the one hand, and exit-site and tunnel infections on the other hand.

The diagnosis of peritonitis rests on the classical triad of cloudy dialysate, abdominal pain, and presence of < 100 white-cells (including < 50 % polymorphonuclear cells) within the dialysate effluent. Because peritonitis is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates, empiric antibiotics should be initiated without delay, covering both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Most regimens include vancomycin or a first-generation cephalosporin for the former, and a third-generation cephalosporin or an aminoglycoside for the latter. Antibiotics are usually administered via the intraperitoneal route. Prophylaxis with an anti-fungal agent has to be considered in diabetic patients and in those who just received prolonged antibiotic administration. Cure is obtained in up to 80 % of the cases ; treatment failure however may occur with refractory or relapsing peritonitis episodes. This is especially common in fungal or fecal associated peritonitis, and will require catheter withdrawal. The incidence of peritonitis has dramatically decreased in recent years with the advent of new connectology systems, and both adequate preventive measures and improved patients’ education. Still it is not clearly documented that new biocompatible dialysate fluids have a favorable effect on peritonitis incidence.

Exit-site and tunnel infections are defined by the presence of a purulent discharge around the catheter and by erythema, oedema and tenderness of the subcutaneous pathway of the catheter, respectively. Antibiotics are recommended in case of documented infection. Cuff shaving may sometimes be required, as well as catheter removal in case of unfavourable evolution.
Below the ankle angioplasty: treatment rationale and access techniques
Authors: Kitrou Panagiotis , Katsanos Konstantinos 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A 70-year-old woman underwent an urgent endovascular below the knee therapeutic procedure in the interventional radiology department. The cause of admission was critical limb ischaemia with rest pain and extensive foot ulcer located mainly at the posterior aspect of the distal calf, the calcaneus, and the posteromedial aspect of the right foot (tissue loss, Rutherford stage 6). The patient also had a previous common femoral to popliteal artery bypass on the same leg. The ankle-brachial index was 0.6 on the right side. Following antegrade puncture, selective digital subtraction angiography showed a patent bypass graft with long total occlusions of the anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries. The peroneal artery was the only patent tibial artery to the ankle. The area of tissue loss related to the angiosomal distribution of the posterior tibial artery, but was supplied by peroneal perforating collaterals below the ankle. The posterior tibial artery was treated with a combined antegrade and retrograde tibial approach (SAFARI technique) in order to re-establish a direct inline flow to the area of interest. An attempt to restore flow to foot via the anterior tibial artery was made, but it was unsuccessful. On the three-month surveillance follow-up with duplex ultrasound, the patient had a two-vessel run-off to the foot, the posterior tibial artery, and the peroneal artery without any significant stenosis. There was progressive healing of the tissue loss (Rutherford stage reduced from 6 to 5) and the ankle-brachial index had improved by 0.25 (from 0.6 up to 0.85).
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens: percutaneous treatment
Authors: Mezes Peter , Karunanithy Narayan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens is a potentially limb-threatening complication of acute severe iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. This case discusses the mode of presentation, the endovascular therapeutic options, and the technical aspects of carrying out these procedures, and presents a literature review of the supporting evidence.