bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the gastrointestinal microbiome diversity in endangered Malayan Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus): Insights into group composition, age variability and sex‐related patterns
Authors: Sariyati Nur Hartini , Othman Nursyuhada , Abdullah‐Fauzi Nurfatiha Akmal Fawwazah , Chan Eddie , Md‐Zain Badrul Munir , Karuppannan Kayal Vizi , Abdul‐Latiff Muhammad Abu Bakar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe gut morphology of Symphalangus syndactylus exhibits an intermediate structure that aligns with its consumption of fruit and ability to supplement its diet with leaves. The Siamang relies on its gut microbiome for energy extraction, immune system development, and the synthesis of micronutrients. Gut microbiome composition may be structured based on several factors such as age, sex, and habitat. No study has yet been carried out on the gut microbiota of the Hylobatidae members in Malaysia especially S. syndactylus.MethodsThis study aims to resolve the gut microbiome composition of S. syndactylus by using a fecal sample as DNA source, adapting high‐throughput sequencing, and 16S rRNA as the targeted region.ResultsA total of 1 272 903 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) reads were assigned to 22 phyla, 139 families, and 210 genera of microbes. The {Unknown Phylum} Bacteria‐2 is the dominant phyla found across all samples. Meanwhile, {Unknown Phylum} Bacteria‐2 and Firmicutes are genera that have the highest relative abundance found in the Siamang gut.ConclusionsThis study yields nonsignificance relationship between Siamang gut microbiome composition with these three factors: group, sex, and age.
Leader support for recovery: A multi‐level approach to employee psychological detachment from work
Authors: Sonnentag Sabine , Kark Ronit , Venz Laura 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research examines the role of leaders for employee recovery. We hypothesize that leader support for recovery (empathy for recovery, respect for boundaries, and role modelling) relates positively to employees' psychological detachment from work during non‐work time that, in turn, predicts well‐being outcomes. We argue that leader support for recovery can only be effective when the leader‐member exchange (LMX) relationship quality is sufficiently high. In a series of scale‐development and scale‐validation studies, we demonstrated the construct and content validity of a new measure of leader support for recovery. We tested our hypotheses with diary data collected from 152 employees. Respect for boundaries was positively related to employees' psychological detachment from work during non‐work time at the person level. Psychological detachment from work was positively related to low emotional exhaustion and a high morning recovery state, both at the person and the day level. LMX moderated the relationship between leader support for recovery (overall measure), empathy for recovery, and respect for boundaries on the one hand and psychological detachment on the other hand, such that the relationships became non‐significant when LMX was lower. The study suggests that leaders in high‐quality relationships can contribute to employee recovery – a process that helps to maintain employee well‐being.
Evaluation of telehealth in delivering diagnostic developmental assessments for children in South Western Sydney during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Clinician and family perspectives
Authors: Vivekanandarajah Sinthu , Carr David , Hurwitz Romy , So Lydia , Raman Shanti 
Published: August 2024

AimsChildren with neuro‐developmental disorders faced significant challenges in accessing services during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Telehealth has been adopted by health services globally to facilitate access to clinical services. Our aims were to evaluate the utility of the telehealth modality for providing developmental assessment services and explore enablers and barriers to using telehealth, in a culturally diverse and socioeconomically disadvantaged population in Sydney.MethodsWe reviewed telehealth developmental assessments in South Western Sydney conducted between 1 April and 30 June 2020. Data were collated on demographics; telehealth modality; diagnostic formulation; recommendations; and requested follow up. We conducted retrospective semi‐structured telephone interviews with 79 families and 11 clinicians about their telehealth experience. Thematic analysis was carried out on the open text responses.ResultsOf 205 children assessed across six sites, median age was 48 months; 45% were assessed with video and 55% with telephone only. Diagnostic formulation and therapeutic recommendations were provided for 203 (99%) children and 138 (67%) were asked to come for face‐to‐face follow‐up. The majority of families (76%) were satisfied or extremely satisfied with telehealth. Median clinician satisfaction was 3.5 out of 5, whilst clinician confidence with diagnostic formulation was 4 out of 5. Qualitative data revealed a range of barriers and enablers.ConclusionTelehealth was a successful modality for contributing to the assessment journey for children with neuro‐developmental disorders in our culturally, linguistically and socioeconomically diverse clinical population in the context of a pandemic lockdown. We discuss the potential for telehealth modalities in child developmental assessments beyond the pandemic.
Nirsevimab: Alleviating the burden of RSV morbidity in young children
Authors: Loe Marcus Wing Choy , Soenong Helen , Lee Evelyn , Li‐Kim‐Moy Jean , Williams Phoebe CM , Yeo Kee Thai 
Published: August 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and hospital admissions in early childhood. Recent advancements in novel preventive therapies, including extended half‐life monoclonal antibodies and antenatal vaccination, have afforded new opportunities to significantly reduce the burden of this infection. Nirsevimab is a novel monoclonal antibody that provides sustained protection against RSV for at least 5 months among newborns and young children. It has received regulatory approval in numerous countries and is being implemented across various settings. Two pivotal Phase 3 trials (MELODY, HARMONIE) demonstrated significant reductions in RSV‐associated LRTI hospitalisations following nirsevimab administration, with treatment efficacy of 62.1% and 83.2%. Emerging real‐world data from early adopters of nirsevimab corroborates these findings. Studies from Spain, Luxembourg, France and the USA report effectiveness rates between 82% and 90% in preventing RSV‐associated hospitalisations among infants entering their first RSV season. Current implementation strategies for nirsevimab have primarily focused on seasonal administration for all infants, aligned to local RSV seasons, and often include catch‐up doses for those born before the season begins. Available cost‐effectiveness analyses indicate that while nirsevimab offers significant potential public health benefits, its adoption must carefully consider economic factors such as treatment costs, implementation strategies tailored to local viral epidemiology, and logistics for vaccine delivery. Overall, nirsevimab presents a promising opportunity to alleviate the burden of severe RSV infections in young children. However, ongoing surveillance and refinements in implementation strategies are crucial to optimise its impact and ensure sustainability across diverse health‐care settings.
The role of hyperarousal for understanding the associations between sleep problems and emotional symptoms in family caregivers of people with dementia. A network analysis approach
Authors: Jiménez‐Gonzalo Lucía , García‐Batalloso Inés , Márquez‐González María , Cabrera Isabel , Olazarán Javier , Losada‐Baltar Andrés 
Published: August 2024

SummaryCaregiving for a family member with dementia is a stressful situation that has been associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Several models have highlighted the role of hyperarousal for understanding sleep disorders; however, there is little evidence about how insomnia, depression, and anxiety are linked together. Network analysis could help to explore the mechanisms underlying the associations between these disorders. A total of 368 community‐dwelling family caregivers of a person with dementia took part in the study. The depression–anxiety–sleep symptoms network was composed of 26 items using the R package qgraph to estimate and visualise the network. The results showed that the strongest symptoms in the network were shakiness, tension, restlessness, nervousness, and restless sleep. Tension was the symptom with the most predictive power, restless sleep was the most important shortcut node in the connection between other symptoms. The central stability coefficient showed adequate indices. The strength of hyperarousal symptoms suggested a prominent role of this variable. Our results invite the hypothesis that sleep problems may trigger symptoms specific to depression via fatigue or energy loss. This study is the first to examine the network structure of the associations between the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in a sample of informal caregivers, and to explore the role of hyperarousal in this network.
Meaning and the Commodity Form
Authors: Skotnicki Tad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSocial scientists often treat the commodity form and commodity fetishism as concepts that reduce meaning to an economic base. The paper claims that this view is misguided and, furthermore, that these concepts enable us to formulate a dynamic approach to meaning in economic life. Building on recent discussions of commodity fetishism, I outline this dynamic approach to meaning and the commodity form. This approach demands attention to three issues: (1) the distinction between interpretations‐in exchange and interpretations‐of exchange; (2) how interpretations‐of exchange relate to interpretations‐in exchange; and (3) how status hierarchies can mediate this dynamic of meaning associated with the commodity form. In explaining these issues, I draw on a range of examples that illustrate their relevance to the organization of the capitalist world. The purpose is to illustrate that we can discuss meaning and the commodity form in a non‐reductive manner, and in so doing draw distinct strands of social scientific investigation into conversation.
Parasympathetic tone activity, heart rate, and grimace scale in conscious horses of 3 breeds before, during, and after nociceptive mechanical stimulation
Authors: Flores Jorge Eduardo Mendoza , Terrazas Angelica , Lara Sagahon Alma V. , Aleman Monica 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundParasympathetic tone activity (PTA) in response to nociceptive stimulus in conscious non‐sedated horses is unknown.ObjectivesStudy PTA, heart rate (HR), and horse grimace scale (HGS) at rest and during mechanical nociceptive stimulation.AnimalsNinety healthy young adult horses (females, males): 30 each of Friesians, Quarter Horses, and Warmbloods.MethodsProspective control study. The study consisted of habituation to equipment (Day 1), baseline recordings (Days 2 and 3), and nociceptive testing applying mild pressure to the metacarpus (Day 4). Parasympathetic tone, HR, and HGS were recorded simultaneously on Days 2 to 4. Each study lasted 30 minutes and was done in triplicate at 3 different time points per day.ResultsBaseline PTA was not different among breeds. It decreased in Warmbloods and Quarter Horses during placement of the stimulus device without stimulation (P < .01). A significant decrease in PTA (P < .001) occurred during nociceptive stimulus (marked in Quarter Horses, intermediate in Warmbloods, and mild in Friesians). Heart rate and HGS increased significantly (P < .001) during the stimulus in all breeds but returned to baseline poststimulation. Friesians required higher pressure (P < .05) to elicit an aversive response to the stimulus.ConclusionsHorses' PTA, HR, and HGS change in response to a mild mechanical nociceptive stimulus with Friesians showing less variation. Stress induced a decrease in PTA in Quarter Horses and Warmbloods but not in Friesians. Friesians appeared to be more tolerant to pain based on PTA, HR, and HGS findings compared with other breeds.
Development and external validation of a model to predict multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Marciano Sebastián , Piano Salvatore , Singh Virendra , Caraceni Paolo , Maiwall Rakhi , Alessandria Carlo , Fernandez Javier , Kim Dong Joon , Kim Sung Eun , Soares Elza , Marino Mónica , Vorobioff Julio , Merli Manuela , Elkrief Laure , Vargas Victor , Krag Aleksander , Singh Shivaram , Elizondo Martín , Anders Maria M , Dirchwolf Melisa , Mendizabal Manuel , Lesmana Cosmas R. A. , Toledo Claudio , Wong Florence , Durand Francois , Gadano Adrián , Giunta Diego H , Angeli Paolo ,   the International Club of Ascites Global Study Group
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the increasing rate of infections caused by multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDRO), selecting appropriate empiric antibiotics has become challenging. We aimed to develop and externally validate a model for predicting the risk of MDRO infections in patients with cirrhosis.MethodsWe included patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infections from two prospective studies: a transcontinental study was used for model development and internal validation (n = 1302), and a study from Argentina and Uruguay was used for external validation (n = 472). All predictors were measured at the time of infection. Both culture‐positive and culture‐negative infections were included. The model was developed using logistic regression with backward stepwise predictor selection. We externally validated the optimism‐adjusted model using calibration and discrimination statistics and evaluated its clinical utility.ResultsThe prevalence of MDRO infections was 19% and 22% in the development and external validation datasets, respectively. The model's predictors were sex, prior antibiotic use, type and site of infection, MELD‐Na, use of vasopressors, acute‐on‐chronic liver failure, and interaction terms. Upon external validation, the calibration slope was 77 (95% CI .48–1.05), and the area under the ROC curve was .68 (95% CI .61–.73). The application of the model significantly changed the post‐test probability of having an MDRO infection, identifying patients with nosocomial infection at very low risk (8%) and patients with community‐acquired infections at significant risk (36%).ConclusionThis model achieved adequate performance and could be used to improve the selection of empiric antibiotics, aligning with other antibiotic stewardship program strategies.
A multi‐phase mechanical model of biochar–cement composites at the mesoscale
Authors: Li Muduo , Zhu Xiaohong , Zhang Yuying , Tsang Daniel C. W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study presents a five‐phase mesoscale modeling framework specifically developed to investigate crack propagation and mechanical properties of biochar–cement composites. The multi‐phase model includes porous biochar particles with precise geometric construction, sand aggregates, cement matrix, and interfacial transition zone adjunct to both the biochar particles and sand aggregates. The 3D porous biochar library was first proposed and established in this study, which could provide an external interface for describing different pore shapes, wall thicknesses, and pore areas. All the simulation results were experimentally validated using a digital image correlation. Through precise geometric modeling, the unique failure modes and timing of biochar particles within the mortar were identified. This is analogous to the “strong column–weak beam” concept, accounting for the enhanced ductility observed in the biochar–cement composites under compression test. This work can advance the geometric modeling of porous aggregates broadly and elucidate their mesoscopic failure mechanisms in cementitious materials, thus providing new insights for developing high‐ductility and lightweight cement composites.
Culicoides biting midges feeding behaviour as a key for understanding avian Haemoproteus transmission in Lithuania
Authors: Kazak Margarita , Valavičiūtė‐Pocienė Kristina , Kondrotaitė Simona , Duc Mélanie , Bukauskaitė Dovilė , Hernández‐Lara Carolina , Bernotienė Rasa , Chagas Carolina Romeiro Fernandes 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInvestigations of host feeding behaviour in haematophagous insects are critical to assess transmission routes of vector‐borne diseases. Understanding if a certain species has ornithophilic or mammalophilic feeding behaviour can facilitate future studies focused on pathogens transmission to and from certain host species. Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of several pathogens, which include arboviruses, bacteria and parasites to a considerable diversity of vertebrate hosts. However, most of the studies focused on feeding habits target Culicoides species that could transmit the Bluetongue virus, consequently with a mammalophilic feeding behaviour, leaving aside the Culicoides species that are involved in the transmission of vector‐borne parasites to birds, such as Haemoproteus Kruse (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae). This study aimed to investigate the source of blood meals of wild‐caught Culicoides using molecular‐based methods and to correlate our findings with the reports of Haemoproteus parasites in Culicoides species. Engorged Culicoides females were collected using ultraviolet (UV)‐light traps at seven different localities in Lithuania in 2021–2023. Biting midges were dissected, and the abdomens of engorged females were used for molecular investigation of the blood meal source. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol that amplifies a fragment of the Cytochrome B gene of vertebrates was used. Obtained sequences were compared to available information in GenBank database to confirm the source of the blood meal. In total, 258 engorged Culicoides females, representing nine different species, were analysed. The source of blood meal was identified in 29.1% of them with most of the insects having fed on birds (74.7%) and the remaining on mammals (25.3%). Culicoides segnis Campbell, Pelham‐Clinton was the only species to feed exclusively on birds; Culicoides from the Obsoletus group, C. pallidicornis Kieffer and C. punctatus Latreille were found to feed exclusively on mammals; C. festivipennis Kieffer, C. kibunensis Tokunaga and C. pictipennis Staeger had an opportunistic feeding behaviour, with the first two preferably feeding on birds. Due to their feeding behaviour and the presence of Haemoproteus parasites reported in the literature, C. festivipennis, C. kibunensis, C. pictipennis, and C. segnis play an important role in the transmission of those avian vector‐borne parasite in the wild. These Culicoides species were already confirmed as being able to support the development of several Haemoproteus species and lineages. Future studies focused on understanding the epidemiology of avian pathogens transmitted by Culicoides should target these species.
Revision of antifungal strategies definitions for invasive fungal infections (proven/probable/possible) in 461 patients with haematological malignancies (REDEFI‐SEIFEM)
Authors: Marianna Criscuolo , Matteo Bonanni , Alfonso Piciocchi , Francesca Farina , Luisa Verga , Francesco Marchesi , Claudia Basilico , Maria Ilaria Del Principe , Maria Chiara Tisi , Chiara Cattaneo , Marco Picardi , Valentina Bonuomo , Nicola Fracchiolla , Anna Candoni , Katia Perruccio , Marta Stanzani , Anna Rita Larici , Maurizio Sanguinetti , Alessandro Busca , Livio Pagano ,   SEIFEM (Sorveglianza Epidemiologica Infezioni nelle Emopatie Maligne) group
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundInvasive fungal infections (IFI) are a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with haematological neoplasms (HMs). Since 2002, a classification of IFI based on host factors, clinical and radiological features and mycological tests was published for research purpose.ObjectivesThese criteria are widely used in clinical practice to identify patients at risk for IFI. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical applicability of EORTC/MSG 2008 criteria for the diagnosis of IFI in daily practice.Patients/MethodsThis multicentre, non‐interventional, observational, prospective study gathered all consecutive inpatients with HMs in which an intravenous antifungal treatment was started. Exclusion criteria were a previous or concomitant transplant procedure, outpatient status and oral antifungal therapy. EORTC/MSG 2008 criteria were used to classify patients at the beginning of antifungal therapy and at 30 days. An independent board reviewed the classification of IFI given by local clinicians at T0 and T30.ResultsThe highest percentage of agreement was found for possible IFI (96%), while a lower agreement was reported for proven IFI (74%), and the highest variability was observed for probable IFI (56%). At T30, the board re‐evaluation confirmed a strict agreement for possible IFI only (98%). Among 306 patients classified as possible, 156 (51%) patients showed non‐typical radiological findings and 45 (15%) patients presented host factors only.ConclusionsIn real life, the EORTC/MSG criteria can be applicable only for possible IFI. As non‐typical radiological findings are reported in possible IFI, introducing a new IFI category should be considered.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐negative pauci‐immune glomerulonephritis in a patient with Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia
Authors: Au‐Yang Wai , Cheung Tai Yiu , Chan Hui Yiu , Cheuk Wah , Cheung Chi Yuen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWaldenstrom macroglobulinaemia (WM), the predominant subtype of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with bone marrow involvement and serum IgM paraprotein, is a haematological condition commonly associated with renal parenchymal involvement. However, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐negative pauci‐immune crescentic glomerulonephritis (PICGN) in kidney infiltrated by lymphoma is very rare, with only two cases described in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in English literature so far. We herein report the first patient with WM developing ANCA‐negative PICGN. He was a 76‐year‐old male who presented with elevated serum globulin level and bilateral groin lymph node enlargement, subsequently diagnosed to have WM after pathologic examination of the bone marrow and groin lymph node. One month later, he was found to have acute kidney injury and proteinuria. Renal biopsy confirmed the presence of parenchymal involvement by WM accompanied by PICGN; while ANCA testing was negative. He was treated with pulse methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone. In addition, six courses of intravenous rituximab and oral cyclophosphamide were given. There was significant improvement in both his renal and haematological conditions. The clinical course of this case suggested that ANCA‐negative PICGN may represent a paraneoplastic syndrome and a rare manifestation of WM‐associated renal lesion. Early kidney biopsy and prompt treatment may improve the outcome of patients.