bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Catalysis by Arene‐Ruthenium Complexes Containing Phosphane or NHC Groups bearing Pendant Conjugated Diene Systems
Authors: Baraut Johann , Massard Alexandre , Chotard Florian , Bodio Ewen , Picquet Michel , Richard Philippe , Borguet Yannick , Nicks François , Demonceau Albert , Le Gendre Pierre 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo p‐cymene‐ruthenium complexes 1 and 2 were isolated in high yields by treating the [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 dimer with new hybrid phosphane‐ or NHC‐linked diene ligands. Both complexes were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structure of the ruthenium–p‐cymene complex 1, containing the phosphane–diene ligand system, was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The catalytic activities of both compounds were probed in atom‐transfer radical addition (ATRA) and polymerization (ATRP), in the cyclopropanation of olefins, in the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene, and in the synthesis of enol esters from hex‐1‐yne and 4‐acetoxybenzoic acid.
Synthesis of a P‐Stereogenic PNPtBu,Ph Ruthenium Pincer Complex and Its Application in Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones
Authors: Arenas Ismael , Boutureira Omar , Matheu M. Isabel , Díaz Yolanda , Castillón Sergio 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel P‐stereogenic PNPtBu,Ph ruthenium complex has been synthesized and characterized enabling the asymmetric hydrogenation of a wide range of aromatic ketones with excellent catalytic activities (up to 98 % conversion) and good levels of enantiodiscrimination (up to 95 % ee).
Impact of model development, calibration and validation decisions on hydrological simulations in West Lake Erie Basin
Authors: Daggupati Prasad , Yen Haw , White Michael J. , Srinivasan Raghavan , Arnold Jeffrey G. , Keitzer Conor S. , Sowa Scott P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWatershed simulation models are used extensively to investigate hydrologic processes, landuse and climate change impacts, pollutant load assessments and best management practices (BMPs). Developing, calibrating and validating these models require a number of critical decisions that will influence the ability of the model to represent real world conditions. Understanding how these decisions influence model performance is crucial, especially when making science‐based policy decisions. This study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in West Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) to examine the influence of several of these decisions on hydrological processes and streamflow simulations. Specifically, this study addressed the following objectives (1) demonstrate the importance of considering intra‐watershed processes during model development, (2) compare and evaluated spatial calibration versus calibration at outlet and (3) evaluate parameter transfers across temporal and spatial scales. A coarser resolution (HUC‐12) model and a finer resolution model (NHDPlus model) were used to support the objectives. Results showed that knowledge of watershed characteristics and intra‐watershed processes are critical to produced accurate and realistic hydrologic simulations. The spatial calibration strategy produced better results compared to outlet calibration strategy and provided more confidence. Transferring parameter values across spatial scales (i.e. from coarser resolution model to finer resolution model) needs additional fine tuning to produce realistic results. Transferring parameters across temporal scales (i.e. from monthly to yearly and daily time‐steps) performed well with a similar spatial resolution model. Furthermore, this study shows that relying solely on quantitative statistics without considering additional information can produce good but unrealistic simulations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the effects of precipitation and temperature changes on hydrological processes in a glacier‐dominated catchment
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Luo Yi , Sun Lin , Zhang Yiqing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe processes by which climate change affects streamflow in alpine river basins are not entirely understood. This study evaluated the impacts of temperature and precipitation changes on runoff and streamflow using glacier‐enhanced Soil and Water Assessment Tool model. The study used observed and detrended historical meteorological data for recent decades (1961–2005) to analyse individual and combined effects of temperature and precipitation changes on snow and glacier melts and discharges in the Sary‐Djaz‐Kumaric River Basin (SRB), Tianshan Mountains. The results showed a 1.3% increase in annual snowmelt in the basin, mainly because of an increase in precipitation. Snowmelt in the basin varied seasonally, increasing from April through May because of increasing precipitation and decreasing from July through September because of rising temperature. Glacier melt increased by 5.4%, 5.0% of which was due to rising temperature and only 0.4% due to increasing precipitation. Annual streamflow increased by 4.4%, of which temperature and precipitation increases accounted for 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively. The impacts of temperature and precipitation changes on streamflow were especially significant after 1980 and even more so in September. Glacier melt, due to temperature rise, was the dominant driver of increasing streamflow in the glacier‐dominated SRB, Tianshan Mountains. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evapotranspiration Model of Maize Field with Ridge Culture Under Alternate Furrow Irrigation
Authors: Li Caixia , Zhou Xinguo , Sun Jingsheng , Li Fusheng , Gao Yang , Wang Hezhou 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTo precisely predict evapotranspiration of a maize field with ridge culture under alternate furrow irrigation, a modified Shuttleworth–Wallace (S‐W) model was developed by estimating soil surface resistances in irrigated and non‐irrigated zones with a proportional coefficient of the wet area, and calculating canopy resistance with the temperature difference between the upper and lower layer canopy. A field experiment with ridge‐tillage maize with alternate furrow irrigation was carried out in the 2009 and 2010 seasons. Leaf transpiration was measured using a LI‐6400 photosynthesis system, and soil evaporation measured by micro‐lysimeter. Soil moisture, stomatal conductance and meteorological factors were collected to estimate soil surface resistance and canopy resistance. Results show that the relative errors between the simulated and observed values of daily soil evaporation were 0.0–10.3%, while the values were 1.4–7.1% for daily crop transpiration. Moreover, the mean absolute error and the root mean square error for simulating daily soil evaporation was 0.2 and 0.3 mm d‐1, respectively, while the values for daily transpiration estimation were 1.5 and 1.8 mm d‐1, respectively. The index of agreement was greater than 0.785, and the determination coefficient higher than 0.90. Therefore, the modified S‐W model can well predict evapotranspiration of ridge‐culture maize with alternate furrow irrigation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reinforcement of injectable calcium phosphate cement by gelatinized starches
Authors: Liu Huiling , Guan Ying , Wei Donglei , Gao Chunxia , Yang Huilin , Yang Lei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCurrent injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading–bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries. Here, a strategy of using gelatinized starches to reinforce injectable CPC was investigated. Four types of starches, namely corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca‐modified starch, were studied for their influence on CPC mechanical properties, injectability, setting times, anticollapsibility, and cytocompatibility. Gelatinized starch significantly improved compressive strength and modulus as well as strain energy density of CPC to different extents. Specifically, both corn starch and Ca‐modified starch revealed sixfold and more than twofold increases in the compressive strength and modulus of CPC, respectively. The addition of gelatinized starches with proper contents increased the injectability and anticollapsibility of CPC. In addition, osteoblast proliferation tests on leaching solution of modified cements showed that gelatinized starches had no adverse effect on cell proliferation, and all cement samples resulted in better osteoblast proliferation compared to phosphate‐buffered solution control. The mechanisms behind the reinforcing effect of different starches were preliminarily studied. Two possible mechanisms, reinforcement by the second phase of gelatinized starch and strong interlocking of apatite crystals, were proposed based on the results of starch zeta potential and viscosity, cement microstructure, and resultant mechanical properties. In conclusion, incorporating gelatinized starches could be an effective, facile, and bio‐friendly strategy to reinforce injectable CPC and improve its mechanical stability, and thus, should be further studied and developed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 615–625, 2016.
Localization of α‐Dystrobrevin in Cajal Bodies and Nucleoli: A New Role for α‐Dystrobrevin in the Structure/Stability of the Nucleolus
Authors: Anselmo Hernández‐Ibarra Jose , Samuel Laredo‐Cisneros Marco , Ricardo Mondragón‐González , Natalie Santamaría‐Guayasamín , Bulmaro Cisneros 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTα‐Dystrobrevin (α‐DB) is a cytoplasmic component of the dystrophin‐associated complex involved in cell signaling; however, its recently revealed nuclear localization implies a role for this protein in the nucleus. Consistent with this, we demonstrated, in a previous work that α‐DB1 isoform associates with the nuclear lamin to maintain nuclei morphology. In this study, we show the distribution of the α‐DB2 isoform in different subnuclear compartments of N1E115 neuronal cells, including nucleoli and Cajal bodies, where it colocalizes with B23/nucleophosmin and Nopp140 and with coilin, respectively. Recovery in a pure nucleoli fraction undoubtedly confirms the presence of α‐DB2 in the nucleolus. α‐DB2 redistributes in a similar fashion to that of fibrillarin and Nopp140 upon actinomycin‐mediated disruption of nucleoli and to that of coilin after disorganization of Cajal bodies through ultraviolet‐irradiation, with relocalization of the proteins to the corresponding reassembled structures after cessation of the insults, which implies α‐DB2 in the plasticity of these nuclear bodies. That localization of α‐DB2 in the nucleolus is physiologically relevant is demonstrated by the fact that downregulation of α‐DB2 resulted in both altered nucleoli structure and decreased levels of B23/nucleophosmin, fibrillarin, and Nopp140. Since α‐DB2 interacts with B23/nucleophosmin and overexpression of the latter protein favors nucleolar accumulation of α‐DB2, it appears that targeting of α‐DB2 to the nucleolus is dependent on B23/nucleophosmin. In conclusion, we show for the first time localization of α‐DB2 in nucleoli and Cajal bodies and provide evidence that α‐DB2 is involved in the structure of nucleoli and might modulate nucleolar functions. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2755–2765, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development Under the Surface: The Rise of Indigenous Agriculture as an Unintended Consequence of Settler Institutions in Southern Rhodesia, 1896–1962
Authors: Andersson Martin , Green Erik 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA broad body of scholarly work claims that Africans in settler colonies were economically marginalised as an intended consequence of colonial policies. What is not recognized in this literature is that institutions might instigate a multitude of social forces, some of them in unexpected directions. This paper takes the case of Southern Rhodesia—a typical African settler economy—to add to this discussion by shedding light on a largely discounted economic phenomenon, namely the rise of commercially oriented Africans. We argue that the relative success of this group can largely be understood as an unintended consequence of settler‐oriented colonial institutions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An automated, high through‐put method for accurate and precise measurements of dissolved nitrous‐oxide and methane concentrations in natural waters
Authors: Capelle David W. , Dacey John W. , Tortell Philippe D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe describe a technique for measuring dissolved CH4 and N2O concentrations from discrete water samples using an automated purge and trap gas extraction system, coupled with a gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer (PT‐GCMS). The automated system measures blanks, standards, and 25 samples in less than five hours with only ∼ 30 min of operator involvement. Rigorous testing of the PT‐GCMS demonstrates sensitivity, accuracy and precision that is comparable or better than conventional methods for CH4 and N2O analysis. Measured concentrations of CH4 and N2O in air‐equilibrated water samples showed good agreement with expected values derived from solubility calculations, and results of a multilaboratory intercalibration exercise showed that our measurements agree with those made using conventional methods. Precision of replicate water samples is 3.3% for CH4 and 3.0% for N2O. Detection limits are well below the expected concentrations in most natural waters with a five milliliters sample, and can be lowered substantially by analyzing a larger sample volume. To demonstrate the utility of the method, we present depth profiles of CH4 and N2O from Saanich Inlet, a coastal anoxic fjord in British Columbia. The Saanich Inlet water column exhibits rapid changes in CH4 and N2O across depth‐dependent and seasonally variable redox conditions. Our high through‐put, automated method facilitates the measurement of aqueous N2O and CH4 concentrations, and will thus help to improve our understanding of the natural cycling of these climate‐active trace gases.
Grain boundary segregation in multicrystalline silicon: correlative characterization by EBSD, EBIC, and atom probe tomography
Authors: Stoffers Andreas , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Seifert Winfried , Zaefferer Stefan , Riepe Stephan , Raabe Dierk 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study aims to better understand the influence of crystallographic structure and impurity decoration on the recombination activity at grain boundaries in multicrystalline silicon. A sample of the upper part of a multicrystalline silicon ingot with intentional addition of iron and copper has been investigated. Correlative electron‐beam‐induced current, electron backscatter diffraction, and atom probe tomography data for different types of grain boundaries are presented. For a symmetric coherent Σ3 twin boundary, with very low recombination activity, no impurities are detected. In case of a non‐coherent (random) high‐angle grain boundary and higher order twins with pronounced recombination activity, carbon and oxygen impurities are observed to decorate the interface. Copper contamination is detected for the boundary with the highest recombination activity in this study, a random high‐angle grain boundary located in the vicinity of a triple junction. The 3D atom probe tomography study presented here is the first direct atomic scale identification and quantification of impurities decorating grain boundaries in multicrystalline silicon. The observed deviations in chemical decoration and induced current could be directly linked with different crystallographic structures of silicon grain boundaries. Hence, the current work establishes a direct correlation between grain boundary structure, atomic scale segregation information, and electrical activity. It can help to identify interface–property relationships for silicon interfaces that enable grain boundary engineering in multicrystalline silicon. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discussion of ‘A Simple Thaw‐Freeze Algorithm for a Multi‐Layered Soil using the Stefan Equation’ by Xie and Gough (2013)
Authors: Kurylyk Barret L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractXie and Gough (2013) developed an algorithm to expand the application of the well‐known Stefan equation in order to predict the freeze or thaw depth in multi‐layered soils. This discussion paper demonstrates that the development of this algorithm is premised on mathematical expressions that are not physically tenable. A previously proposed equation for applying the Stefan approach to multi‐layered soils is herein derived from first principles using the appropriate governing equations, boundary conditions and initial conditions. Numerical methods are employed to demonstrate the accuracy of this equation derived from first principles. This approach can be implemented in existing cold regions hydrology models to estimate the active layer thickness in permafrost regions underlain by layered soils. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical residues involved in Toll-like receptor 4 activation by cationic lipid nanocarriers are not located at the lipopolysaccharide-binding interface
Authors: Lonez Caroline , Irvine Kate L. , Pizzuto Malvina , Schmidt Boris I. , Gay Nick J. , Ruysschaert Jean-Marie , Gangloff Monique , Bryant Clare E. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
DiC14-amidine is a cationic lipid that was originally designed as a lipid nanocarrier for nucleic acid transport, and turned out to be a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist as well. We found that while E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a TLR4 agonist in all species, diC14-amidine nanoliposomes are full agonists for human, mouse and cat receptors but weak horse agonists. Taking advantage of this unusual species specificity, we used chimeric constructs based on the human and horse sequences and identified two regions in the human TLR4 that modulate the agonist activity of diC14-amidine. Interestingly, these regions lie outside the known LPS-binding domain. Competition experiments also support our hypothesis that diC14-amidine interacts primarily with TLR4 hydrophobic crevices located at the edges of the TLR4/TLR4* dimerization interface. We have characterized potential binding modes using molecular docking analysis and suggest that diC14-amidine nanoliposomes activate TLR4 by facilitating its dimerization in a process that is myeloid differentiation 2 (MD-2)-dependent and cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14)-independent. Our data suggest that TLR4 may be activated through binding at different anchoring points, expanding the repertoire of TLR4 ligands to non-MD-2-binding lipids.
Oocyte aging underlies female reproductive aging: biological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Igarashi Hideki , Takahashi Toshifumi , Nagase Satoru 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn recent years, postponement of marriage and childbearing in women of reproductive age has led to an increase in the incidence of age‐related infertility. The reproductive aging process in women is assumed to occur due to a decrease in both the quantity and quality of the oocytes, with the ultimate result being a decline in fecundity. This age‐related decline in fecundity is strongly dependent on oocyte quality, which is critical for fertilization and subsequent embryo development. Aged oocytes display increased chromosomal abnormality and dysfunction of cellular organelles, both of which factor into oocyte quality. In particular, mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested as a major contributor to the reduction in oocyte quality as well as to chromosomal abnormalities in aged oocytes and embryos. Participation of oxidative stress in the oocyte aging process has been proposed because oxidative stress has the capacity to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and directly damage many intracellular components of the oocytes such as lipids, protein, and DNA. In an attempt to improve mitochondrial function in aged oocytes, several therapeutic strategies have been investigated using both animal models and assisted reproductive technology. Here, we review the biological mechanisms and present status of therapeutic strategies in the female reproductive aging field and indicate possible future therapeutic strategies.
An experimental study of leadership institutions in collective action games
Authors: Sahin Selhan Garip , Eckel Catherine , Komai Mana 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe investigate the effectiveness of two leadership institutions in each of two games: a weakest link and a linear public good game. An “Exemplar” leader is a first mover who commits to a level of contribution; a “Manager” is a first mover who makes cheap talk suggestions to the team members. Our results show that both leadership institutions reduce coordination failures as compared to a simultaneous move, baseline scenario with no leader. Although the Manager treatment seems to be slightly more effective at the outset, both leadership institutions significantly and equally improve contributions in the coordination game over time. According to our results none of the leadership institutions seem effective in the linear public good game. This may be due to the fact that our marginal per capita return is rather large, keeping the contribution levels high regardless of the treatment. Subjects who choose to free ride continue to do so with or without leaders, and subjects who choose to be cooperative do not become discouraged by others’ lack of cooperation. These results both replicate earlier findings and allow direct comparison across similar games.
Asymmetric consequences of radical innovations on category representations of competing brands
Authors: Bagga Charan K. , Noseworthy Theodore J. , Dawar Niraj 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA cognitive level account of when and why radical innovations impact category representations of competing brands is developed and tested. The results suggest that competing brands are affected only when a dominant brand introduces a radical innovation that alters a core category attribute. Such an innovation leads consumers to see competing brands as less typical of the category with diminished evaluations. Crucially, neither core radical innovations introduced by a non‐dominant brand nor equally radical innovations that alter peripheral (non‐core) attributes have any impact on consumers' perceptions of competing brands. Implications for consumer preference formation and competition in the context of radical innovation are drawn.
When one desires too much of a good thing: The compromise effect under maximizing tendencies
Authors: Mao Wen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe maximizing tendency denotes individuals' predisposition to look for the best option rather than settling for something that passes an internal threshold of acceptability. This research examines how maximizing affects the compromise effect: the preference for an option with relatively intermediate attribute values. Results show that maximizers attempt to maximize gains on all attributes (rather than to rely on a single, most important attribute as satisficers do) and make more compensatory tradeoffs, which leads to more often choosing a compromise option (Studies 2 & 3). Results held whether maximization was measured as an individual difference variable (Studies 1 & 2) or activated as a decision mindset (Study 3). When asked to make decisions for a (fictional) prototypical maximizer, however, people intuited fewer compromise choices (Study 4). This article concludes by discussing relevant theories on cognitive capacity, regulatory focus, and choice context effects, and by offering tangible suggestions for follow‐up research.