bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agreement Between Routine Emergency Department Care and Clinical Decision Support Recommended Care in Patients Evaluated for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Korley Frederick K. , Morton Melinda J. , Hill Peter M. , Mundangepfupfu Tichaendepi , Zhou Tingting , Mohareb Amir M. , Rothman Richard E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesEmergency department (ED) computed tomography (CT) use has increased significantly during the past decade. It has been suggested that adherence to clinical decision support (CDS) may result in a safe decrease in CT ordering. In this study, the authors quantified the percentage agreement between routine and CDS‐recommended care and the anticipated consequence of strict adherence to CDS on CT use in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of patients with mTBI who presented to an urban academic ED of a tertiary care hospital. Patients 18 years or older, presenting within 24 hours of nonpenetrating trauma to the head, from August 2010 to July 2011, were eligible for enrollment. Structured data forms were completed by trained research assistants (RAs). The primary outcome was the percentage agreement between routine head CT use and CDS‐recommended head CT use. CDS examined were: the 2008 American College of Emergency Physicians [ACEP] neuroimaging, the New Orleans rule, and the Canadian head CT rule. Differences between outcome groups were assessed using the chi‐square test for categorical variables and the Kruskal‐Wallis rank test for continuous variables. The percentage agreement between routine practice and CDS‐recommended practice was calculated.ResultsOf the 169 patients enrolled, 130 (76.9%) received head CT scans, and five of the 130 (3.8%) had acute traumatic intracranial findings. For all subjects, agreement between routine practice and CDS‐recommended practice was 77.5, 65.7, and 78.1%, for the ACEP, Canadian, and New Orleans CDS, respectively. Strict adherence to the 2008 ACEP neuroimaging CDS would result in no statistically significant difference in head CT use (routine care, 76.9%; CDS‐recommended, 82.8%; p = 0.17). Strict adherence to the New Orleans CDS would result in an increase in head CT use (routine care, 76.9%; CDS‐recommended, 94.1%; p < 0.01). Strict adherence to the Canadian CDS would result in a decrease in head CT use (routine care, 76.9%; CDS‐recommended, 56.8%; p < 0.01).ConclusionsThere is a 60% to 80% agreement between routine and CDS‐recommended head CT use. Of the three CDS systems examined, the only one that may result in a reduction in head CT use if strictly followed was the Canadian head CT CDS. Further studies are needed to examine reasons for the less than optimal agreement between routine care and care recommended by the Canadian head CT CDS.
Young adults' recreational social environment as a predictor of ecstasy use initiation: findings of a population‐based prospective study
Authors: Smirnov Andrew , Najman Jake M. , Hayatbakhsh Reza , Wells Helene , Legosz Margot , Kemp Robert 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimsTo examine prospectively the contribution of the recreational social environment to ecstasy initiation.DesignPopulation‐based retrospective/prospective cohort study.SettingData from screening an Australian young adult population to obtain samples of users and non‐users of ecstasy.ParticipantsA sample of 204 ecstasy‐naive participants aged 19–23 years was obtained, and a 6‐month follow‐up identified those who initiated ecstasy use.MeasurementsWe assessed a range of predictors of ecstasy initiation, including elements of participants' social environment, such as ecstasy‐using social contacts and involvement in recreational settings.FindingsMore than 40% of ecstasy‐naive young adults reported ever receiving ecstasy offers. Ecstasy initiation after 6 months was predicted independently by having, at recruitment, many ecstasy‐using social contacts [adjusted relative risk (ARR) 3.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57, 6.34], attending electronic/dance music events (ARR 6.97, 95% CI: 1.99, 24.37), receiving an ecstasy offer (ARR 4.02, 95% CI: 1.23, 13.10), early cannabis use (ARR 4.04, 95% CI: 1.78, 9.17) and psychological distress (ARR 5.34, 95% CI: 2.31, 12.33). Adjusted population‐attributable fractions were highest for ecstasy‐using social contacts (17.7%) and event attendance (15.1%).ConclusionsIn Australia, ecstasy initiation in early adulthood is associated predominantly with social environmental factors, including ecstasy‐using social contacts and attendance at dance music events, and is associated less commonly with psychological distress and early cannabis use, respectively. A combination of universal and targeted education programmes may be appropriate for reducing rates of ecstasy initiation and associated harms.
How does rate of smoking cessation vary by age, gender and social grade? Findings from a population survey in England
Authors: Fidler Jennifer , Ferguson Stuart G. , Brown Jamie , Stapleton John , West Robert 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimsTo assess the incidence of long‐term smoking cessation as a function of age, gender, social grade and their interactions.Design and settingCross‐sectional surveys of population representative samples of smokers in England.ParticipantsA total of 24 094 ever smokers (≥21 and ≤60 years of age) participating in household surveys between November 2006 and February 2011.MeasurementsThe ratio of long‐term (>1 year) ex‐smokers to ever‐smokers was calculated for each age. Regression analyses were used to model the association between age and quit ratio, with the change in quit ratio by year of age n years versus all years up to n–1 years, yielding an estimate of the quitting incidence at that age. Analyses were conducted for the entire sample and then for the sample stratified by gender and social grade, and interactions assessed between these variables.FindingsA cubic trend was needed to fit the data. The estimated quitting incidence between ages 21 and 30 was 1.5% (95% CI: 1.0%–2.0%), between 31 and 50 it was 0.3% (95% CI: 0.2%–0.5%) and between 51 and 60 it was 1.2% (95% CI: 0.7%–1.7%). Age interacted with gender and social grade: women and smokers from higher social grades had a higher incidence of quitting than men and those from lower social grades specifically in young adulthood.Conclusions The incidence of smoking cessation in England appears to be greater in young and old adults compared with those in middle age. Women and higher social grade smokers show a greater incidence of quitting than men and those from lower social grades specifically in young adulthood.
When genes go wild: highly variable internal transcibed spacer1 and conserved mitochondrial DNA haplotypes used to examine the genetic diversity and dispersal pathways of invasive Hylotrupes bajulus in Western Australia
Authors: Castalanelli Mark A. , Cunningham Robert J. , Davis Matthew B. , Groth David M. , Grimm Mike 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) is a cryptic insect pest of seasoned coniferous timber. In 2004, an incursion of Hylotrupes bajulus was discovered in Perth, Western Australia.
Two genes, one mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I; COI) and one nuclear (internal transcribed spacer 1; ITS1) were used to infer the origin of this incursion, as well as to test the likely dispersal pathways and dispersal distances of H. bajulus.
We sequenced and examined 1003 cloned ITS1 fragments and 170 COI fragments from 14 international and 156 domestic specimens. The ITS1 fragment was extremely variable, with 94% of the sites polymorphic.
To remove the variability and select only the informative polymorphisms principal component analysis was employed. This resulted in the selection of eight informative single nucleotide polymorphisms and seven microsatellites, which were converted into 119 unique ITS haplotypes. In comparison, COI was highly conserved, yielding only four haplotypes.
The data suggest at least three independent incursions, of which two contained the same mitochondrial haplotype but different ITS1 sequences. The datasets were further scrutinized to estimate local dispersal distances. The results suggested that individuals were capable of dispersing > 14 km, which is significantly further than previously reported.
Latitudinal variation in body size ofAgrilus planipennisand relationship with fecundity
Authors: Marshall Jordan M. , Miller Molly A. , Lelito Jonathan P. , Storer Andrew J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFor many animals with a wide geographical range, latitude is important in determining body size. Additionally, insect body size often has a direct influence on fecundity. Identifying these relationships for a forest pest can add to population dynamics modelling.Agrilus planipennisis a pest ofNorthAmericanFraxinusspecies.The relationship betweenA. planipennisbody size and latitude was investigated through field trapping adultA. planipennisin easternU.S.A., and the relationship between body size and fecundity was investigated through egg production of laboratory‐rearedA. planipennisadults. Accumulated growing degree days base 10 °C (GDD10) were calculated and used to identify the influence of local climate onA. planipennisbody size.Adult femaleA. planipennisbody size (length and mass) was negatively related to latitude, with larger individuals at southerly sites where the number of days to accumulate 450 and 1000GDD10was the lowest.Using positive linear models relating body size and eggs produced, females from southerly sites would potentially produce twice as many eggs as females from northerly sites.Agrilus planipennispopulation latitudes influenced female body size. Because largerA. planipennisfemales produced more eggs, there is a potential for populations at southerly sites to increase in density and geography more rapidly than northerly populations.
Accuracy of self‐reported anthropometric measures in older Australian adults
Authors: Pasalich Maria , Lee Andy H , Burke Linda , Jancey Jonine , Howat Peter 
Published: May 2013

AimTo determine the accuracy of self‐reported anthropometric measurements in older Australian adults 60–70 years.MethodSelf‐reported anthropometric data from 103 community‐dwelling participants (mean age 66 years) were compared with technician measurements. Difference and agreement were assessed using paired t‐tests, correlation coefficients and Bland–Altman plots.ResultsUnderreporting occurred for weight and hip circumference, especially among men, whereas waist circumference was slightly overreported, resulting in apparent underestimations of body mass index (by 0.42 kg/m2) but overestimations of waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR, by 0.02). Concordance correlation coefficients were generally high except for WHR. Self‐reported circumference measures appeared to be more accurate than the derived WHR. The Bland–Altman plots revealed wide limits of agreement for all measures.ConclusionSelf‐reported values correlated well with technician measured values and average discrepancies were small. However, use of self‐reported anthropometric data may be used more appropriately for describing overall distribution in population studies than for monitoring changes at an individual level.
Carer levels of concern on driving and other activities in older people that put others at risk
Authors: Helmes Edward , Pachana Nancy A. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesEarly signs of dementia may raise concerns in family members as to the safety of the affected person when engaged in common activities. Here we report on the relative frequency of such concerns using data from the three waves of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA). Our focus is on driving, cooking and paying bills, with a prediction that most carers' concern would be over driving.MethodParticipants were 2780 Canadians over 65 years, who underwent the first wave of CSHA and were subsequently followed during the next two waves.ResultsAs predicted, concerns about driving were relatively more common than concerns about cooking and handling finances (P = 0.021) in the cognitively intact group, with the opposite order observed in the group with dementia.ConclusionCarer concerns for those diagnosed with dementia shift with the progression of cognitive changes, with concerns declining over the 10‐year period.
The effect of weed management systems and location on arable weed species communities in glyphosate‐resistant cropping systems
Authors: Gibson David J. , Gage Karla L. , Matthews Joseph L. , Young Bryan G. , Owen Micheal D.K. , Wilson Robert G. , Weller Stephen C. , Shaw David R. , Jordan David L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractQuestionHow do different weed management systems based on glyphosate‐resistant (GR) crops affect weed community structure and composition?LocationA total of 156 agricultural fields across six US states.MethodsFields were selected and categorized into three weed management systems based on a 3‐yr history: (1) a single continuous GR crop; (2) a rotation of two GR crops; and (3) a GR crop rotated with a non‐GR crop. Weed species population density was surveyed in 20 0.5‐m2 plots per field four times each season from 2006 to 2010. Weed population density, species richness and diversity were analysed using repeated measures mixed models to test the effect of year, geographic location (based on plant hardiness zone) and weed management system (as described above). Weed community composition was analysed using NMDS ordination. The importance of geographic location, planted crop and weed management system were analysed using analysis of similarity and permutational ANOVA based on the Bray–Curtis similarity among sites calculated from the maximum weed species population density per site per year.ResultsA total of 329 weed species were identified across the six states and all time periods. Weed communities were most strongly correlated with geographic location and secondarily to the crop planted. Weed management system affected similarity among weed communities through an interaction with site location but not every year. The weed management systems of crop rotation and GR trait rotation generally reduced weed population density and species diversity, but the effect of crop rotation varied by geographic location.ConclusionsThe overall effects of weed management systems in fields including the GR trait on arable weed communities reinforce the need for locally adapted weed management programmes to steward the GR crop trait to manage for high weed diversity while reducing crop–weed competition and maximizing yield.
Health‐related quality of life and symptoms in patients with myelofibrosis treated with ruxolitinib versus best available therapy
Authors: Harrison Claire N. , Mesa Ruben A. , Kiladjian Jean‐Jacques , Al‐Ali Haifa‐Kathrin , Gisslinger Heinz , Knoops Laurent , Squier Margaret , Sirulnik Andres , Mendelson Estella , Zhou Xiaolei , Copley‐Merriman Catherine , Hunter Deborah S. , Levy Richard S. , Cervantes Francisco , Passamonti Francesco , Barbui Tiziano , Barosi Giovanni , Vannucchi Alessandro M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryPatients with myelofibrosis (MF) have significant debilitating symptoms, physical disabilities, and poor health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Here, we report post‐hoc analyses of the impact of ruxolitinib, a potent and selective JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, on disease‐related symptoms and HRQoL in MF patients from the large phase 3 COMFORT‐II study (N = 219). During the follow‐up period of 48 weeks, HRQoL and MF‐associated symptoms improved from baseline for ruxolitinib‐treated patients but remained the same or worsened for best available therapy (BAT)‐treated patients. Based on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL Questionnaire core 30 items (EORTC QLQ‐C30), treatment‐induced differences in physical and role functioning, fatigue, and appetite loss significantly favoured ruxolitinib versus BAT from week 8 (P < 0·05) up to week 48 (P < 0·05). Ruxolitinib resulted in significantly higher response rates in global health status/QoL and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Lymphoma (FACT‐Lym) summary scores versus BAT at most time points (P < 0·05). Significant improvements in the Lymphoma subscale (including symptoms of pain, fever, itching, fatigue, weight loss, loss of appetite, and other patient concerns), FACT‐General, FACT‐Lym trial outcome index, and FACT‐Lym total were also observed with ruxolitinib versus BAT starting at week 8 and continuing thereafter. Overall, these data demonstrated that ruxolitinib improved HRQoL in MF patients and further support the use of ruxolitinib for the treatment of symptomatic MF.
Impaired removal of Vβ8+ lymphocytes aggravates colitis in mice deficient for B cell lymphoma-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim)
Authors: Leucht K , Caj M , Fried M , Rogler G , Hausmann M 
Published: May 2013

SummaryWe investigated the role of B cell lymphoma (BCL)-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) for lymphocyte homeostasis in intestinal mucosa. Lymphocytes lacking Bim are refractory to apoptosis. Chronic colitis was induced in Bim-deficient mice (Bim–/–) with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Weight loss and colonoscopic score were increased significantly in Bim–/– mice compared to wild-type mice. As Bim is induced for the killing of autoreactive cells we determined the role of Bim in the regulation of lymphocyte survival at mucosal sites. Upon chronic dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, Bim–/– animals exhibited an increased infiltrate of lymphocytes into the mucosa compared to wild-type mice. The number of autoreactive T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ8+ lymphocytes was significantly higher in Bim–/– mice compared to wild-type controls. Impaired removal of autoreactive lymphocytes in Bim–/– mice upon chronic DSS-induced colitis may therefore contribute to aggravated mucosal inflammation.
Mapping the journey: outcome‐focused practice and the role of interim outcomes in family support services
Authors: Tunstill Jane , Blewett James 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLongitudinal costly evaluations will always be important in order to understand the factors that impact on child, family and community well‐being over the long and medium term. However, in a policy era that accords major importance to the achievement of outcomes, e.g. payment by results, ‘outcome theology’ can pose threats to service access and professional morale in family support. It is essential therefore, to ascertain the short‐term outcomes of services in order to capture the trajectory of progress by families under stress. This paper critiques the concept of ‘the outcome’. It traces the development of this trend in policy and describes an alternative but complementary approach, which is based on capturing interim outcomes in family support services.
The paradox of parental participation and legal representation in ‘edge of care’ meetings
Authors: Dickens Jonathan , Masson Judith , Young Julie , Bader Kay 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper assesses the nature of parental participation and legal representation in pre‐proceedings meetings in England and Wales. These are called when a local authority is considering care proceedings on a child. The parent(s) are invited to a meeting to discuss the concerns, and are entitled to attend with a lawyer. The paper draws on findings from a study of the process which included a file survey of over 200 cases, observations of 36 meetings and interviews with more than 90 key informants, including parents. The aim of the process is (usually) to reach an agreement to prevent the case going to court, but the families are usually well known to children's services, and have been through many meetings and agreements before. What then are the possibilities for parental participation and legal representation in the meetings? The study shows that they may help bring a greater degree of clarity to the local authority's proposals, but are not expected to challenge them. Paradoxically, they serve to reinforce the authority's position. The meetings can help divert cases, but it is important to be realistic about the chances of change in these often long‐standing ‘edge of care’ cases.
Predictors of mental health literacy among parents of youth diagnosed with mood disorders
Authors: Mendenhall Amy N. , Frauenholtz Susan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractResearch reveals limited knowledge of children's mental health among caregivers. This paper identifies predictors of mental health literacy among parents of children diagnosed with mood disorders that are seeking or already receiving help. Secondary data analysis using multivariate regression was conducted on data from a randomized, controlled efficacy trial with a sample of 165 children. Mental health literacy was higher for parents who were female, white, higher educated and had children who were older, had a bipolar diagnosis or received more services. Lifetime experience with mental health disorders also predicted literacy. Public mental health efforts are needed to raise caregiver mental health literacy.
Research With Deaf Children and Not on Them: A Study of Method and Process
Authors: Sutherland Hilary , Young Alys 
Published: May 2013

This study addresses the design requirements and innovative data collection methods for a study that aimed to be deaf‐centred and child‐friendly. The approach was created for a 6‐year longitudinal study of Sign Bilingual education from the perspective of eight deaf children who were educated using that approach from 9/10 to 15/16 years old. The research question was: ‘From the deaf child's perspective, what are the experiences, advantages and disadvantages of Sign Bilingual education?' This study will discuss the methods developed for the first element of the study when the children were 9/10 years old, using six interactive weekly workshops. These included video diaries, photography, peer interviewing, drawing, poster making and group discussion. The appropriateness for and adaptations made with respect to signing deaf children are discussed as well as the wider significance of this approach for children's research in general.
Assessment of overweight and obesity among Nigerian children and adolescents using triceps skin‐fold thickness and body mass index
Authors: Izuora A. N. , Animasahun B. A. , Nwodo U. , Ibeabuchi N. M. , Njokanma O. F. , Renner J. K. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe prevalence of obesity is increasing in children and adolescents even in resource‐poor countries. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity in a group of Nigerian school children using triceps skin‐fold thickness (SFT) and body mass index (BMI). The subjects were 1235 randomly selected primary and secondary Lagos school children aged 5–18 years, triceps SFT was measured with Harpenden® calipers and BMI calculated from weight and height. Using BMI, overweight and obesity were defined as values of 85th to 94th percentile for age and sex and ≥95th percentile, respectively. Using triceps SFT, obesity was defined as SFT > 85th percentile of the NHANES III study. Fifty‐seven subjects (15 boys and 42 girls) had SFT > 85th percentile with a higher prevalence in girls than boys (6.4% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.001). The prevalence of BMI‐defined overweight and obesity were also higher among girls (11.9% vs. 5.7%, P < 0.001 and 4.7% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.02, respectively). Females of upper socioeconomic class were more likely to be overweight (16.2% vs. 6.6%, P < 0.0001), obese (6.3% vs. 2.8%, P = 0.03) or have elevated SFT (8.2% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.03) than those of low socioeconomic status. Forty‐seven of 57 subjects (82.5%) with elevated SFT also had high BMI. The prevalence of obesity is low in the study population but the much higher prevalence of overweight suggests that steps should be taken to control fatness before the figures worsen. In more than 80% of subjects, elevated SFT co‐existed with elevated BMI.