bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A constraint and algorithm for stress-based evolutionary structural optimization of the tie-beam problem
Authors: Zhang Da-Ke , Liang Sheng , Yang Yi-Chao , Zhou Hai-Tao 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a constraint and corresponding algorithm enhancing the evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) method, aiming to circumvent its structure break down problem in some special cases, such as the tie-beam problem.

Design/methodology/approach
– A virtual soft material introduced to an element will change the stiffness of the element and may consequently change the stress distribution of that element and its neighbors. With this property, the virtual stiffness of the selected element is calculated and the threshold of the stress changes is derived. The stress threshold is used to evaluate the role of an element on the load path and therefore decide the contribution of the element to the structure. Adding this checking operation into the original ESO iterations enables validation of element removal.

Findings
– The reason for structure break down with the ESO method is that the element removal criterion of ESO only works for certain optimal objectives. It cannot guarantee that the structure does not fail. The proposed operation offers a stronger and stricter constraint condition for ESO’s element removal process, preventing the structure from breaking down in some special cases.

Originality/value
– The tests on several examples reported in the literature show that the proposed method has the same ability to achieve an optimum solution as the original ESO methods do, while avoiding incorrect deletion of structurally important elements. The benchmark tie-beam problem is solved successfully with this algorithm. The method can be used in other situations as well.
Seismic damage evaluation of reinforced concrete buildings with slit walls
Authors: Baetu Sergiu Andrei , Barbat Alex H , Ciongradi Ioan Petru , Baetu Georgeta 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate a reinforced concrete multi-storey building with dissipative structural walls. These walls can improve the behaviour of a tall multi-storey building. The authors’ main objective is to evaluate the damage of a building with dissipative walls in comparison with that of a building with solid walls.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper, a comparative nonlinear dynamic analysis between a building with slit walls and then the same building with solid walls is performed by means of SAP2000 software and using a layer model. The solution to increase the seismic performance of a building with structural walls is to create slit zones with short connections in to the walls. The short connections are introduced as a link element with multi-linear pivot hysteretic plasticity behaviour. The hysteretic rules and parameters of these short connections were proposed by the authors and used in this analysis. In this study, the authors propose to evaluate the damage of a building with reinforced concrete slit walls with short connections using seismic analysis.

Findings
– Using the computational model created by the authors for the slit wall, a seismic analysis of a multi-storey building with slit walls was done. From the results obtained, the advantages of the proposed model are observed.

Originality/value
– Using a simple computational model, created by the authors, that consume low processing resources and reduces processing time, a nonlinear dynamic analysis on high-rise buildings was done. Unlike other studies on slit walls with short connections, which are focused mostly on the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of the short connections, in this paper the authors take into consideration the whole structural system, wall, connections and frames.
Entrepreneurial learning requires action on the meaning generated
Authors: Brink Tove , Madsen Svend Ole 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to reveal how managers of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can utilise their participation in research-based training to enable innovation and growth.Design/methodology/approach– Action research and action learning from a longitudinal study of ten SME managers in the wind turbine industry are applied to reveal SME managers’ learning and the impact of the application of learning in the wind turbine industry.Findings– The findings of this study show that SME managers employ a practice-shaped, holistic, cross-disciplinary approach to learning. This learning approach is supported by theory dissemination and collaboration on perceived business challenges. Open-mindedness to new learning by SME managers and to cross-disciplinary collaboration with SME managers by university facilitators/researchers is required.Research limitations/implications– The research is conducted within the wind turbine industry, in which intense demands for innovation are pursued. The findings require verification in other industry contexts.Practical implications– This research contributes strategies for SME managers to utilise research-based training and for universities regarding how to work with SME training. In addition, public bodies can enhance their understanding of SMEs for innovation and growth. The learning approach that is suitable for specialisation in larger organisations is not suitable in the SME context.Social implications– SME learning is enhanced by a social approach to integrating essential large-scale industry players and other SME managers to create extended action and value from learning.Originality/value– The findings reveal the need for extended theory development for and a markedly different approach to SME training from that used for training managers in larger companies. This topic has received only limited attention in previous research.
The determinants of intellectual capital disclosure: a meta-analysis review
Authors: Eddine Chaabane Oussama Houssem , Abdullah Shamsul Nahar , Hamid Fatima Abdul , Hossain Dewan Mahboob 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The study aims to examine the relationship between the corporate disclosure on intellectual capital and five firm characteristics, namely, size, leverage, profitability, age and industry type.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research uses a meta-analysis technique by taking 19 articles published between 2003 and 2013. Thus, this study integrates and accumulates the findings of prior studies.

Findings
– The research finds a significant relationship between intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) and the independent variables: size, profitability and industry.

Originality/value
– This study provides a systematic overview of the determinants of ICD by using a meta-analysis approach. A systematic analysis is currently lacking in the ICD literature; hence, this study attempts to resolve the mixed findings of prior studies.
Market anomalies, asset pricing models, and stock returns: evidence from the Indian stock market
Authors: Dash Saumya Ranjan , Mahakud Jitendra 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate whether the use of conditional and unconditional Fama and French (1993) three-factor and Carhart (1997) four-factor asset pricing models (APMs) captures the role of asset pricing anomalies in the context of emerging stock market like India.Design/methodology/approach– The first step time series regression approach has been used to drive the risk-adjusted returns of individual securities. For examining the predictability of firm characteristics or asset pricing anomalies on the risk-adjusted returns of individual securities, the panel data estimation technique has been used.Findings– Fama and French (1993) three-factor and Carhart (1997) four-factor model in their unconditional specifications capture the impact of book-to-market price and liquidity effects completely. When alternative APMs in their conditional specifications are tested, the importance of medium- and long-term momentum effects has been captured to a greater extent. The size, market leverage and short-term momentum effects still persist even in the case of alternative unconditional and conditional APMs.Research limitations/implications– The empirical analysis does not extend for different market scenarios like high and low volatile market or good and bad macroeconomic environment. Because of the constraint of data availability, the authors could not include certain important anomalies like net operating assets, change in gross profit margin, external equity and debt financing and idiosyncratic risk.Practical implications– Although the active investment approach in stock market shares a common ground of semi-strong form of market efficiency hypothesis which also supports the presence of asset pricing anomalies, less empirical evidence has been explored in this regard to support or repute such belief of practitioners. Our empirical findings make an attempt in this regard to suggest certain anomaly-based trading strategy that can be followed for active portfolio management.Originality/value– From an emerging market perspective, this paper provides out-of-sample empirical evidence toward the use of conditional Fama and French three-factor and Carhart four-factor APMs for the complete explanation of market anomalies. This approach retains its importance with respect to the comprehensiveness of analysis considering alternative APMs for capturing unique effects of market anomalies.
A deliberately emergent strategy – a key to successful city branding
Authors: Lindstedt Janne 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The paper aims to address a neglected issue in the literature on place brand co-creation, namely, the strategic planning of the branding process. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates the benefits of a deliberately emergent strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
– A qualitative case study focusing on Turku, Finland, supports the development of the argument. In this study, branding of Turku is examined both during the European Capital of Culture 2011 (ECoC) project and after it.

Findings
– The contribution of the ECoC 2011 project – which was widely perceived as a success – to Turku’s brand was based on a deliberately emergent strategy. Afterwards, the local government has, however, chosen a different approach to branding.

Research limitations/implications
– Given the increasing popularity of brand thinking among practitioners all over the world, it would be meaningful for scholars to pay more attention to the application of brand co-creation in place branding strategies.

Practical implications
– The deliberately emergent branding strategy could be considered an approach to applying the idea of brand co-creation in practice. It enables local stakeholders to make their voices heard and results in increased credibility of a branding process.

Originality/value
– Place brand co-creation has not yet been examined from strategic planning’s point of view. The need for this kind of examination is apparent, because branding strategies have traditionally been based on the idea of static place identity. The Turku case helps to propose a solution in terms of the notion of deliberately emergent branding.
Approaches to validation and evaluation in qualitative studies of management accounting
Authors: Kihn Lili-Anne , Ihantola Eeva-Mari 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to address the reporting of validation and evaluation criteria in qualitative management accounting studies, which is a topic of critical debate in qualitative social science research. The objective of this study is to investigate the ways researchers have reported the use of evaluation criteria in qualitative management accounting studies and whether they are associated with certain paradigmatic affiliations.

Design/methodology/approach
– Building on the work of Eriksson and Kovalainen [Eriksson and Kovalainen (2008) Qualitative Methods in Business Research. London, Sage], the following three approaches are examined: the adoption of classic concepts of validity and reliability, the use of alternative concepts and the abandonment of general evaluation criteria. Content analysis of 212 case and field studies published during 2006 to February 2015 was conducted to be able to offer an analysis of the most recent frontiers of knowledge.

Findings
– The key empirical results of this study provide partial support for the theoretical expectations. They specify and refine Eriksson and Kovalainen’s (2008) classification system, first, by identifying a new approach to evaluation and validation and, second, by showing mixed results on the paradigmatic consistency in the use of evaluation criteria.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper is not necessarily exhaustive or representative of all the evaluation criteria developed; the authors focused on the explicit reporting of criteria only and the findings cannot be generalized. Somewhat different results might have been obtained if other journals, other fields of research or a longer period were considered.

Practical implications
– The findings of this study enhance the knowledge of alternative approaches and criteria to validation and evaluation. The findings can aid both in the evaluation of management accounting research and in the selection of appropriate evaluation approaches and criteria.

Originality/value
– This paper presents a synthesis of the literature (Table I) and new empirical findings that are potentially useful for both academic scholars and practitioners.
Lipper’s rating and the performance of unit trusts in Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad Ridhuwan , Abdullah Nur Adiana Hiau 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the risk-adjusted performance of rated funds and determine the usefulness of Lipper Leader rating of unit trusts in Malaysia during the period 2000 to 2010.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper utilizes the Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, Jensen’s alpha and Fama-French three-factor model to measure performance.

Findings
– During the period of study, the performance of the market index and risk-free rate outperformed that of 68 equity unit trust funds in the 3-year, 5-year and 10-year investment horizons. The ranking, based on four performance measures, corresponds to Lipper rating for the lowest rated and leader funds, but not for the three- and four-key rated funds. Further, there is a significant difference in the performance of the five-key, four-key and three-key rated funds which outperform the lowest rated funds, indicating that Lipper rating is able to distinguish superior and inferior unit trust funds.

Research limitations/implications
– Some of the limitations in this study are that the indexes could be self-constructed. The existing index might not represent the asset allocation of the funds concerned. Additional variables might have to be considered when examining fund performance as they should correspond to the characteristics of a fund.

Practical implications
– The results indicate that Lipper rating classification could identify the highest and lowest performing funds. Therefore, investors could use this rating to make informed investment decisions without undertaking time-consuming analysis to ascertain the good- and bad-quality funds in the market.

Social implications
– The findings of this study could be used by the academia as another source of reference to enhance their understanding of the applicability of Lipper rating for unit trust funds in an emerging market.

Originality/value
– The contribution of this study is that it analyzes the effectiveness and capability of Lipper Leader rating in identifying quality funds in the context of an emerging market. Performance comparison between Lipper Leader rating and methods used in the portfolio theory bridges the theory-practice gap between practitioners and academics. To date, there have been no attempts to study and compare the ratings of advisory firms with theoretical performance measures, particularly in the context of Malaysia.
FVA and CVA under margining
Authors: Wu Lixin , Li Chonhong 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework of replication pricing of derivatives and identify funding valuation adjustment (FVA) and credit valuation adjustments (CVA) as price components.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors propose the notion of bilateral replication pricing. In the absence of funding cost, it reduces to unilateral replication pricing. The absence of funding costs, it introduces bid–ask spreads.

Findings
– The valuation of CVA can be separated from that of FVA, so-called split up. There may be interdependence between FVA and the derivatives value, which then requires a recursive procedure for their numerical solution.

Research limitations/implications
– The authors have assume deterministic interest rates, constant CDS rates and loss rates for the CDS. The authors have also not dealt with re-hypothecation risks.

Practical implications
– The results of this paper allow user to identify CVA and FVA, and mark to market their derivatives trades according to the recent market standards.

Originality/value
– For the first time, a line between the risk-neutral pricing measure and the funding risk premiums is drawn. Also, the notion of bilateral replication pricing extends the unilateral replication pricing.
Novel splice site mutation in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene is associated with multiple cutaneous leiomyomas in a Japanese patient
Authors: Yoshinaga Yukina , Nakai Hiroyuki , Hayashi Ryota , Ito Akiko , Kariya Naoyuki , Ito Masaaki , Shimomura Yutaka 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCutaneous leiomyoma is a benign skin tumor that originates from the smooth muscle, such as the arrector pili muscle of the hair follicles. Familial cases with multiple cutaneous leiomyomas exist, which typically show an autosomal dominant inheritance trait. Most patients with the disease are known to carry heterozygous germ line mutations in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene and can be complicated by tumors in internal organs, especially uterine leiomyoma and renal cell cancer in high frequency. In this study, we identified a Japanese male patient with multiple cutaneous leiomyomas and found a novel heterozygous splice site mutation, c.738 + 2T>A, in the FH gene of the patient, which was unexpectedly inherited from his unaffected father. Further analysis demonstrated loss of heterozygosity in the tumor tissue, which resulted in a hemizygote state of the mutant allele. Expression studies with the tumor tissue showed that the mutation led to skipping of exon 5 at mRNA levels, which was predicted to cause an in‐frame deletion of FH protein (p.Ser186_Gln246del). The protein structure analysis strongly suggested that the deletion would severely disrupt the conformation of the FH protein including the substrate‐binding domain, and thus would severely affect the expression and the function. Our findings further disclose the molecular basis of multiple cutaneous leiomyomas and also provide precious information to the mutation carriers in the family for an early diagnosis of renal cell cancer in the future.
Developmental environment mediates male seminal protein investment in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Wigby Stuart , Perry Jennifer C. , Kim Yon‐Hee , Sirot Laura K. 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Males of many species fine‐tune their ejaculates in response to sperm competition risk. Resource availability and the number of competitors during development can also strongly influence sperm production. However, despite the key role of seminal proteins in mediating reproductive processes, it is unclear whether seminal protein investment is dependent on the developmental environment.

We manipulated the developmental environment of Drosophila melanogaster by rearing flies at low and high density. As expected, this resulted in large and small (i.e. high and low condition) adult phenotypes, respectively.

As predicted, large males produced more of two key seminal proteins, sex peptide (SP) and ovulin, and were more successful at obtaining matings with both virgin and previously mated females. However, there was only a weak and non‐significant trend for large males to transfer more absolute quantities of SP at mating, and thus, small males ejaculated proportionally more of their stored accessory gland SP resources.

Males transferred more receptivity‐inhibiting SP to large females. Despite this, large females remated more quickly than small females and thus responded to their developmental environment over and above the quantity of SP they received.

The results are consistent with two non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses. First, flies might respond to condition‐dependent reproductive opportunities, with (i) small males investing heavily in ejaculates when mating opportunities arise and large males strategically partitioning SP resources and (ii) small females remating at reduced rates because they have higher mating costs or need to replenish sperm less often.

Second, flies may be primed by their larval environment to deal with similar adult population densities, with (i) males perceiving high density as signalling increased competition, leading small males to invest proportionally more SP resources at mating and (ii) females perceiving high density as signalling abundant potential mates, leading to a higher sexual receptivity threshold.

Thus, by influencing the mating frequencies of both sexes, as well as the quantity of seminal proteins produced by males and received by females, the developmental environment is likely to have far‐reaching and sex‐specific consequences for sexual selection and sexual conflict.
Clinical pharmacology of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Wu , He Zhi‐Xu , Zhou Zhi‐Wei , Yang Tianxin , Zhang Xueji , Yang Yin‐Xue , Duan Wei , Zhou Shu‐Feng 
Published: July 2015

SummaryDipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors are a class of oral antidiabetic drugs that improve glycaemic control without causing weight gain or increasing hypoglycaemic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The eight available DPP‐4 inhibitors, including alogliptin, anagliptin, gemigliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, teneligliptin, and vildagliptin, are small molecules used orally with identical mechanism of action and similar safety profiles in patients with T2DM. DPP‐4 inhibitors may be used as monotherapy or in double or triple combination with other oral glucose‐lowering agents such as metformin, thiazolidinediones, or sulfonylureas. Although DPP‐4 inhibitors have the same mode of action, they differ by some important pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that may be clinically relevant in some patients. The main differences between the eight gliptins include: potency, target selectivity, oral bioavailability, elimination half‐life, binding to plasma proteins, metabolic pathways, formation of active metabolite(s), main excretion routes, dosage adjustment for renal and liver insufficiency, and potential drug‐drug interactions. The off‐target inhibition of selective DPP‐4 inhibitors is responsible for multiorgan toxicities such as immune dysfunction, impaired healing, and skin reactions. As a drug class, the DPP‐4 inhibitors have become accepted in clinical practice due to their excellent tolerability profile, with a low risk of hypoglycaemia, a neutral effect on body weight, and once‐daily dosing. It is unknown if DPP‐4 inhibitors can prevent disease progression. More clinical studies are needed to validate the optimal regimens of DPP‐4 inhibitors for the management of T2DM when their potential toxicities are closely monitored.