bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brolucizumab-associated intraocular inflammation in Indian patients by VRSI study group
Authors: Agarwal Manisha , Muralidhar Alankrita , Shanmugam Mahesh P , Kothari Abhishek , Dudani Ajay , Maiti Aniruddha , Arora Anshu , Jayadev Chaitra , Gupta Charu , Shroff Darius , Chakraborty Debdulal , Pillai Gopal S , Lahiri Kairobi , Verma Lalit , Gopalakrishnan Mahesh , Narayanan Raja , Mishra Sanjay K , Patil Sanket , Choudhary Shailender , Chakraborty Somnath , Natesh Sribhargava , Koundanya Vikram , Aggarwal Vinod 
Published: July 2024

Context:
Concerns about brolucizumab’s (Pagenax®) association with intraocular inflammation (IOI) limit its use despite its cost-effectiveness and efficacy. This multicentric study analyzes IOI incidence across 21 tertiary eyecare centers in India since its introduction in October 2020.

Purpose:
To determine the real-world incidence rate of IOI in Indian patients secondary to intravitreal brolucizumab across 21 tertiary eye care centers in India.

Settings and Design:
Retrospective multicentric, survey-based study.

Methods:
Data including number of patients treated, clinical indications, side effects encountered, and IOI case details was collected via Google Forms in 21 Indian tertiary eye care centers since October 2020. Mean, median, frequency, and standard deviation were calculated for statistical analysis.

Results:
All centers used pro re nata protocol for brolucizumab injections with a minimum injection interval of 8 weeks. The incidence of IOI was 0.79% (21 events out of 2655 eyes). Treatment indications included idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and off-label uses. IOI was experienced after the first injection (57%) in majority of cases with a median onset of 14 days (range: 1–65 days). IOI was mild in 28.5%, moderate in 33%, and severe in 38% of cases. Eighteen out of 21 IOI eyes recovered preinjection best corrected visual acuity or better.

Conclusions:
Our study found a lower IOI incidence (0.79%) with brolucizumab (Pagenax) in Indian patients compared to previously reported literature. IOI events were mostly mild to moderate, and post-treatment, most patients improved or maintained BCVA. Larger prospective multicentric studies with PRN dosing protocol are needed to confirm these findings.
Terapia infiltrativa do neuroma de morton: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Caldas Cibele Rodrigues , Coutinho Ana Claudia do Nascimento , Martins Jessica Fernanda Ferreira , Tauchert Lianara Ketlin , Borges Rafaela Limongi 
Published: July 2024

Introdução: ​​O neuroma de Morton (NM), descrito por Thomas George Morton é um epônimo que designa uma fibrose de nervos plantares. Sua apresentação, inicialmente cursa com dor na planta dos pés, é consideravelmente inespecífica e pode incluir parestesia referida, com possibilidade de progressão para limitação das atividades habituais. Objetivo: Buscar, na literatura, presentes avanços no que tange a infiltração ultrassonográfica na terapêutica do neuroma de Morton. Materiais/sujeitos e métodos: Para a elaboração deste artigo de revisão foram consultados artigos científicos das bases de dados do National Center for Biotechnology Information do U.S. National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), como também a Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e a Cochrane Library. Resultados e discussão: Sabe-se que a essência do tratamento está no ajuste das pressões na região anterior do antepé. Para isso, as opções variam desde medidas conservadoras, conservadoras e invasivas. As medidas conservadoras abordam desde a correção do calçado, fisioterapia e palmilhas com apoio retrocapital diminuindo assim a carga nas cabeças metatarsais e o uso de fármacos como anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs). Em contrapartida as medidas conservadoras invasivas abrangem a utilização de infiltrações locais com corticosteroides, anestésicos locais ou até mesmo terapias mais recentes, com injeções de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) ou ácido hialurônico do espaço comprometido para produzir alívio que pode durar semanas a meses. E por fim, as medidas invasivas utilizadas são a opção quando ocorre falha após 9 a 12 meses no tratamento conservador, a qual menciona o tratamento cirúrgico através da neurólise e/ou neurectomia com regressão total dos sintomas. Considerações finais: A terapia infiltrativa possui uma boa eficácia, quando se trata do alívio de sintomas a curto prazo. Além disso, um parâmetro avaliado foi a influência na quantidade de infiltrações na duração da remissão dos sintomas, sendo que uma única injeção apresenta alto índice de recidivas a longo prazo. Por fim, o uso repetido desta terapia, apesar de parecer ter melhores resultados, pode levar a complicações, como atrofia da gordura plantar e mudança na pigmentação da pele.
O papel da radioterapia intervencionista (braquiterapia) em tumores de nasofaringe: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Sobrinho Francisco Eliezer Curado , Barroso Wenderson Werneck Xavier , Tatagiba Gabriel Bravo Carneiro 
Published: July 2024

Introdução: Um dos tratamentos oncológicos mais conhecidos é a radioterapia, na qual é utilizada uma fonte externa de alta precisão para eliminar o tumor do paciente. Esse procedimento também pode ser chamado de “radioterapia externa” ou até “radiação externa de feixe”. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sistemática a respeito deste tratamento. Materiais/sujeitos e métodos: Foram pesquisados artigos nas bases de dados Scielo, PubMed, Cochrane, BVS. Resultados e discussão: Os eventos adversos mais presentes foram a xerostomia, mucosite e disfagia, todavia são menos frequentes do que outros métodos de tratamento se comparados entre si. Sendo considerados aceitáveis em comparação com os benefícios de controle tumoral. Considerações finais: Evidências robustas de que a braquiterapia é uma terapêutica importante para tumores de nasofaringe, oferecendo melhores resultados de controle local, diminuição de efeitos adversos e sobrevida global com toxicidades gerenciáveis.
The acceptability of using wearable electronic devices to monitor physical activity of patients with Multiple Myeloma undergoing treatment: a systematic review.
Authors: Brown Tommy , Muls Ann , Pawlyn Charlotte , Boyd Kevin , Cruickshank Susanne 
Published: July 2024

Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) is diagnosed in 6,000 people in the UK yearly. A performance status measure, based on the patients’ reported level of physical activity, is used to assess patients’ fitness for treatment. This systematic review aims to explore the current evidence for the acceptability of using wearable devices in patients treated for MM to measure physical activity directly. Methods Three databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL) up until 7th September 2023. Prospective studies using wearable devices to monitor physical activity in patients on treatment for MM were included. Bias across the studies was assessed using the CASP tool. Results Nine studies, with 220 patients on treatment for MM, were included. Only two studies had a low risk of bias. Different wearable device brands were used for varying lengths of time and were worn on either the wrist, upper arm, or chest. Adherence, reported in seven studies, ranged from 50% to 90%. Six studies reported an adherence greater than 75%. Although physical activity was also measured in a heterogenous manner, most studies reported reduced physical activity during treatment, associated with a higher symptom burden. Conclusion Monitoring patients receiving treatment for MM with a wearable device appears acceptable as an objective measure to evaluate physical activity. Due to the heterogeneity of the methods used, the generalisability of the results is limited. Future studies should explore the data collected prospectively and their ability to predict relevant clinical outcomes.
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN MENTERI KOPERASI NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2020 TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PEREKONOMIAN PELAKU UMKM DI DESA MON PASONG KECAMATAN WOYLA BARAT KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT
Authors: Erick Benni 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRAK

Implementasi peraturan Menteri Koperasi Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 merupakan salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam rangka membantu masyarakat pelaku UMKM selama masa covid-19. Dengan adanya bantuan tersebut setidaknya dapat sedikit membantu meringankan masalah perekonomian masyarakat Mon Pasong dalam mencukupi kebutuhan ekonomi sehari-hari, adanya modal usaha yang diberikan oleh pemerintahan sangat membantu masyarakat dalam menjalankan bisnis maupun usaha yang sedang ditekuni, usaha ini dilakukan dalam upaya pengembangan dan peningkatan kemadirian ekonomi secara bertahap. Adapun tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian yang dilaksanakan ini yaitu; (1) untuk mengetahui mekanisme dalam mendapatkan bantuan BPUM yang diberikan dari implementasi Peraturan Menteri Koperasi Nomor 6 Tahun 2020. (2) untuk mengetahui upaya yang dilakukan oleh pelaku UMKM yang mendapatkan bantuan BPUM dalam meningkatkan perekonomian di desa Mon Pasong. (3) untuk mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi pelaku UMKM yang mendapatkan bantuan BPUM dalam meningkatkan perekonomian di desa Mon Pasong. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dalam menganalisa data menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif analisis. Dari penelitian ini dapat digambarkan bahwa (1). Implementasi Peraturan Menteri Koperasi Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 Terhadap Pelaku UMKM, telah memberikan kesempatan kepada pelaku UMKM di Desa Mon Pasong Kecamatan Woyla Barat untuk mendapatkan bantuan BPUM tersebut. Masyarakat di desa Mon Pasong mendapatkan BPUM sudah dimulai tahun 2020 hingga 2022 (2). Upaya yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Mon Pasong untuk mendapatkan bantuan bagi pelaku usaha dengan mengajukan permohonan ke Perindagkop dengan melengkapi persyaratan foto kopi KTP, KK, surat keterangan usaha dan membuka buku rekening. Dengan adanya pemberian bantuan tersebut sangat membantu masyarakat dalam meningkatkan usaha serta merasakan dampak bagi peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat setempat. (3). Kendala yang dihadapi oleh pelaku usaha mikro di Woyla yaitu sulitnya mendapatkan askes dan informasi yang cepat, karena belum tersedianya jaringan internet yang baik, mengingat daerah Woyla Barat temasuk daerah pelosok pedesaan.

Kata Kunci: Implementasi, Peraturan Koperasi Nomor 6 Tahun 2020,
Perekonomian, Pelaku UMKM
Effect of Biochar Application on Soil Microbial Communities in Degraded Lands in Australia
Authors: Harris Chloe 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze the effect of biochar application on soil microbial communities in degraded lands in Australia.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Biochar application in degraded Australian lands has been found to significantly enhance soil microbial communities by increasing diversity and fostering beneficial shifts in composition. Studies indicate that biochar promotes microbial activity through improved soil structure and nutrient availability, supporting essential processes like nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition. This amendment also helps mitigate soil degradation, providing stable habitat conditions that sustain microbial populations over the long term.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Microbial Community Succession Theory, Carbon Sequestration Theory & Nutrient Cycling Theory may be used to anchor future studies on effect of biochar application on soil microbial communities in degraded lands in Australia. Biochar application provides tangible benefits by improving soil structure, water retention capacity, and nutrient cycling efficiency in degraded lands. Biochar aligns with global sustainability goals by offering a climate-smart solution to land degradation and carbon management. Policies promoting biochar use can incentivize sustainable agricultural practices and contribute to climate change mitigation efforts by sequestering carbon in soils over the long term.
INVESTIGATING THE TRINITY AND GOD'S LIBERATING PRESENCE IN THE WORLD: ITS RELEVANCE FOR CONTEMPORARY CHRISTIANS
Authors: Addai-Mensah Peter 
Published: July 2024

All the theistic religions in the world like Judaism, Christianity and Islam profess faith in one God. However, in Christianity, Christians believe that in this One God, there are three (3) persons. These persons are distinct and equal. This, they call the Trinity. Christians believe that all the works of God like Creation, Redemption/Salvation and Sanctification were done equally by all the three (3) persons in the One God. There is nothing like division of labor. The Trinity has been a source of controversy in inter-religious dialogue. Even among Christians themselves, it has resulted into disputes. It was the discourse of the Trinity that led to the Great Schism of the church between the East and West in AD 1054. In the course of the history of the church, discussions and opinions on the Trinity has led to many Councils in the church in order to try to explain and understand the Trinity. This has resulted in many excommunications - dismissal from the church. In this article, the author takes a cursory look at the Trinity from the bible and the history of the church and discusses its relevance for Christians today. The method that the author uses is the literary approach. In order words, it is library sources that are mainly used. The author believes that this article is significant and contributes to knowledge. This is because a proper understanding of the Trinity will help to heal the wounds that have divided major religions in the world and promote cordiality among Christians.
The Philosophical Implications of Indigenous Knowledge for Indian Education
Authors: Thakur Rajnish 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the indigenous knowledge of the Indian community and deduce implications for education in India.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive's time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The results revealed that there exist conceptual and contextual gaps relating to the study on the indigenous knowledge of the Indian community and deduce implications for education in India. Preliminary empirical review reveals that knowledge is constructed as a worldview that is continually re-evaluated, improved and systematized; the indigenous knowledge of the Indian was pragmatically developed enabling the community to adapt and survive in its environment; positive elements of the indigenous knowledge of the Indian include sustainable use of the environment, emphasis on functional and relevant knowledge and skills; values such as commitment to service, responsibility and self-discipline. Such values can be useful to education in India today.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Cultural synergism theory maybe used to anchor future studies in the health sector. The findings of this study are useful in stimulating debate on educational reform in India. By focusing attention on indigenous knowledge and cultures and seeking synergistic inclusion into formal education, the findings of this can be used to make education inclusive, attractive and meaningful to indigenous people of India.
The Role of Religious Activists in Stopping Violence and Bridging the Gap in Areas of Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria
Authors: Samuel Omawunmi 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate various approaches used by the religious peace makers and organizations and factors which hinder their effectiveness in peace building and reconciliation in Nigeria.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive's time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Results: The results revealed that there exist conceptual and contextual gaps relating to the study on various approaches used by the religious peace makers and organizations and factors which hinder their effectiveness in peace building and reconciliation in Nigeria. Preliminary empirical review reveals that. religious methods such as problem solving workshops, mediations and negotiations and confessions have been very effective in peace building and reconciliation. However, the study established that the religious approaches are not applied continually so as to promote peace and reconciliation.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Human needs theory and reconciliation theory, may be used in peace building and reconciliation. The results of this research will enrich the canon of writing on conflict resolution and rapprochement already present in West African universities' Departments of Philosophy and Religious Studies.
AGENTES INFECCIOSOS ENCONTRADOS EM BIÓPSIAS GASTROINTESTINAIS DE PACIENTES DE UM HOSPITAL REFERÊNCIA EM INFECTOLOGIA DO AMAZONAS
Authors: Da Silva Paixão Nayara , Rios Rodriguez Paula Cristina , Silva Maciel Kátia Suellen , Marques dos Santos Raimunda Nonata , De Sousa Silva Raynara Karen , De Souza Vianna Kelia , Carvalho Santos Jessica , Moraes de Araújo Kalissia , Teixeira de Souza Marinho Daiane , Salles Arraes Pedrosa Barreto Antônio 
Published: July 2024

O trato gastrointestinal é um sítio frequente de envolvimento nas infecções oportunistas. Muitos agentes etiológicos estão incluídos e podem ser de origem bacteriana, viral, fúngica ou parasitária. Objetivo: Analisar os agentes infecciosos encontrados nas biópsias gastrointestinais. Metodologia: Estudo do tipo epidemiológico, retrospectivo, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa de informações de biópsias do trato gastrointestinal e exames histopatológicos com dados clínicos de pacientes, existentes em bancos de dados do laboratório de patologia do hospital referência em infectologia do Amazonas. Resultados: Foram analisadas informações de 492 lâminas de biópsias de pacientes portadores de HIV, onde 69.9% destas eram de pacientes do gênero masculino e a maioria (83,9%) dos pacientes tinham também diagnóstico de gastrite como doença associada. Grande parte destas amostras (77.3%) tinham as bactérias como o principal agente etiológico, seguida de fungos (32,4%), vírus (4,9%) e parasitas (0,9%). As espécies mais frequentes foram o Helicobacter pylori (75%), Candida sp (15,7%), Histoplasma capsulatum (7,4%), Citomegalovírus (2,5) e Herpevírus (2,5%). A região anatômica onde estes microrganismos foram encontrados com maior frequência foi o estômago (80.69%) e esôfago (12,6%). Quanto aos sintomas clínicos, 34.5% tiveram diarreia como principal sintoma. Conclusão: O exame histopatológico é de suma importância para o diagnóstico das infecções do trato gastrointestinal.
A Systematic Analysis and Review on Intrusion Detection Systems Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Jacob Sneha Leela , Sultana Habibullah Parveen 
Published: July 2024

An intrusion detection system (IDS) is crucial for defending computer networks and systems from cyberattacks, unauthorized entry, and harmful activities. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) based IDS is a security solution that uses sophisticated algorithms to automatically identify and predict malicious activity occurring within a computer network. It improves the network's security and identification of threats using various algorithms to monitor network traffic patterns, spot anomalies, and discern between normal and abnormal behavior. This study reviews 58 papers on the topic of IDS that implement various ML and DL techniques. The most commonly used techniques are the support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), K nearest neighbors, gradient boosting (GB), Naïve-Bayes (NB), multilayer perceptron (MLP), artificial neural network, recurrent neural network, and convolutional neural network (CNN). These techniques are tested on four different datasets: KDD Cup, NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and Kyoto. The experimentation showed that, among ML algorithms, the DT classifier has the best average training time of 2.8s, the best average testing time of 0.08s, but achieved an average accuracy of 97.46% across all datasets. On the other hand, the NB classifier is easier to implement but took an average of 4.40s in training time, 1.28s in testing time, and has the least average accuracy of 74.22% across all datasets. The more sophisticated techniques such as SVM, MLP, GB, and CNN are time consuming with CNN taking the highest time in three out of four datasets. The RF algorithm achieved an average accuracy of 99.51%, the highest level of accuracy among all algorithms. In this way, a comprehensive analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of various ML and DL algorithms for IDS is presented.

Received: 26 April 2024 | Revised: 12 June 2024 | Accepted: 25 June 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Author Contribution Statement
Sneha Leela Jacob: Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization. Parveen Sultana Habibullah: Conceptualization, Validation, Supervision, Project administration.