bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of risks and risk awareness for indoor and outdoor injuries in 0–5 years old children during child health surveillance
Authors: Ugur Baysal Serpil , Oz Seda Ozkan , Gokcay E Gulbin 
Published: October 2012

‘Frequency of accidents and changes in accidents overtime are of the predictors of population health’ Barbara Barlow, MDAccording to the World Report by WHO-UNICEF, more than 2000 children die as a result of an unintentional injury every day. Risk factors and preventability of childhood injuries are not widely appreciated in Turkey yet. The aim of this study was to determine the risks of injuries, inquiring the risk awareness of parents during well-child visits. The parents of children among 0–5 year-age who follow up regularly at The Child Health Surveillance Clinic, Istanbul University Medical Faculty participated in the study. The parents were asked to fill a questionnaire with 60 items. They were consequently given safety counselling by a physician. The computer based statistical analysis of data was performed. Mean age was 20.09±14.85 months, median: 15 months. The rate of previous injuries was 15.3%. A total of 59.8% were boys; 95.3% were less than 4 years old. The most common cause was falls (77.1%), following by burns and foreign body aspiration. Less than 1% of children were found having no risk for any given type of accident. The risk awareness was highest for intoxications, least for burns. A total of 50.5% of parents were previously informed about injury prevention. Only 17.7% of parents believe that injuries can not be prevented. Studies for improving risk awareness must be a priority. Health professionals should spend time to inquire the risks during well child visits. Individual counselling for injury control, must be emphasized and placed in daily practice. INJURY PREVENTION IS A RIGHT FOR EVERY CHILDREN.
Empowerment of school teachers for school based injury prevention and safety promotion
Authors: Park N , Yang H 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundTeachers are key participants for injury prevention and safety promotion in school setting. For participatory programme, it should be identified the teachers' capacities and then developed the empowerment programme based on it.ObjectivesThe objective is identification of interests, awareness and education and training status on injury prevention and safety promotion of school teachers in Korea.MethodsIt was implemented to all schools (K to 12 including special schools) in Korea by web based self-reported survey. The location, level and size of school and teacher's position were applied to survey design. Among 15 103 schools, 7019 schools responded. Questionnaire was developed and revised by literature review, expert discussion and pretest. It is analysed by descriptive statistics using weighting method, χ2test and F test.ResultsInterests on safety are higher in teachers of kindergarten, special school and manager position (p<0.001). Regarding to nine school safety issues, it is differentiated by variables, especially teacher's position (p<0.001). Training experience is higher in kindergarten, school manager but contents are not helpful for them. Ability on first aid and CPR education is good in lower school level and manager. It is reported to be need mandatory safety education for teachers college and training course.Contribution to the fieldIt can support for comprehensive identification for teachers programme and be developed and tailored by school and teachers' character for empowerment.
Children on all-terrain vehicles: development of simulated crash scenarios for educational intervention
Authors: Chandrashekhar Thorbole , Mary Aitken , James Graham , Beverly Miller , Hope Mullins 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAll-terrain vehicle (ATV) rollover crashes are associated with major injuries and deaths. ATV and rider kinematics in rollover incidents are poorly understood. Computer simulation techniques for modelling crash events provides an opportunity to evaluate and improve the vehicle dynamic performance to prevent injuries.ObjectivesTo develop computer simulation models of ATV rollover events of child and adult riders using previously validated model of an adult-sized ATV.MethodsSimulations of ATVs with biofidelic models of 6-year-old and 10-year-old child riders were produced using MADYMO software. Crash simulations of ATVs under varying conditions of speed and slope were produced with underlying assumptions of grip and surface conditions. Video animations/movies were developed from the simulations.ResultsThe validated computer model of the ATV demonstrated rollover crashes at 10 MPH and 30° with the child riders. This study standardises a methodology for differing scenarios of ATV use and for injury pattern analysis. Validation of models for grip strength and tire/surface contact interaction are planned.SignificanceThe validated computer model of an adult-sized ATV and video animations demonstrating dynamic performance of ATVs with child riders provides a potential educational tool to convey risks and promote safety. These models may support studies of injury patterns and improved designs for ATVs and protective gear.
Impact assessment of Pappu Zebra road sense campaign in Indian cities
Authors: Bikash Mohapatra , Surendra Nath Samantray 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSafety for all, especially for our children going to schools and back is of prime importance to everyone. So, in order to achieve this objective ‘Forum for Prevention of Road Accidents’ launched ‘Pappu Zebra Road Sense Campaign’ in Bhubaneswar and Cuttack cities. It was a bottom-up approach for inculcating a sense of responsibility among the young road users about various aspects of road safety. This study provides an assessment of the impact of the campaign in both the cities.ObjectivesTo assess knowledge and current level of road safety practices and to evaluate the gain in Pappu Zebra Road Sense Campaign among the school children.MethodsThis study was undertaken on a sample of 286 school children (162+124 students) from Bhubaneswar and Cuttack. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and practices of these children. This was followed by the Road Sense Campaign and a post campaign assessment of gain in awareness was done after 1 month.ResultsAreas of concern at baseline were (1) unsafe walking practices (64.7%) (2) not cycling properly (41.9%), (3) hazard in crossing the roads (55.3%), (4) violation of traffic sings and signals (47.9%), (5) indiscipline in boarding the school bus (34%), and non-use of seatbelts and child restraints (76.1%). Post assessment study after the campaign, results revealed improved road safety awareness amongst the children.SignificanceOur study was based on how to minimise road traffic injuries and deaths through an educational campaign. The findings suggest a number of preventive measures.
A competence-based approach to training child restraint technicians to build sector-wide capacity to give informed advice to parents and caregivers.
Authors: Margaret Stevenson-Wright , Kari Miller 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundNew Zealand has one of the highest child road fatality rates in the OECD. Part of this is due to the lack of, or incorrect use of, appropriate restraints. This presentation will examine the process used to move child restraint technician training to a competence-based assessment model which was based on national standards. It engages the wider sector in building capacity to give informed advice to parents and caregivers.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe NZTA's competence-based assessment model aims to contribute to the reduction of child injury and fatality when travelling in vehicles. It also supports the 2020 goal identified within the Safer Journeys Action Plan to ‘Achieve a correct use and fitting rate of 90% or child restraints, and make the use of booster seats the norm for children aged 5–10’.MethodsThe process involved consulting with a wide range of stakeholders to identify the scope of change required, developing the national standards for registration on the New Zealand Qualifications Framework and developing the process and materials used to support the training, assessment and reporting involved.Results/OutcomeIssues relating to the introduction of the competence-based assessment model will be explored and an outline given of where things have progressed to in the 2 years since its inception.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe new model has brought a quality systems approach to the significant and varied sector audience who deliver child restraint advice to parents and caregivers. This includes volunteers, not for profits, DHBs, local authorities, and the retail sector and will provide a level of professionalism to an area that is vital to keeping our children safe when travelling in cars.
Implementation matters: developing an injury prevention briefing
Authors: Hayes M , Towner E , Kendrick D , Deave T , Stewart J ,   on behalf of the Keeping Children Safe Programme team
Published: October 2012

BackgroundA major challenge for injury prevention is how effective interventions can be implemented more widely. Little is known about the art of implementing interventions in real-world settings. This presentation builds on a structured process, which integrates practitioner knowledge into the evidence base and reflects local contexts.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo document the development of an Injury Prevention Briefing (IPB), incorporating different sources of scientific evidence and practitioner knowledge about what works. The IPB has been prepared as part of the ‘Keeping Children Safe at Home’ programme.MethodsStructured consultation which included workshops of experienced practitioners and policy makers. Four workshops were held in different locations in England and involved 83 participants.Results/OutcomeThe IPB contains sections: directed at health commissioners, Children's Centre managers and practitioners working directly with families, with practical exercises to use with families. The IPB has incorporated the findings of systematic reviews of what interventions work in preventing injuries; surveys and interviews with Children Centre managers; interviews with parents of pre-school children and key informant Interviews on national child injury policy. The workshops of local practitioners and policy makers have refined the IPB and tailored it to local conditions.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe Injury Prevention Briefing (IPB) is being evaluated in a randomised controlled trial of guidance materials in Children's Centres. Although the output (IPB) is specific to the national and local context in England, the methods employed in this case study have far wider application both in terms of injury type and context.
Progress on child safety action in Europe: the results of the 2012 child safety country profiles
Authors: Turner SL , Lyons RA , Macey SM , MacKay M , Vincenten J 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDespite injury reductions and safety improvements over the last 30 years, injury remains a leading cause of death and disability for children and adolescents in Europe. As part of the European TACTICS (Tools to Address Childhood Trauma, Injury and Children's Safety) project, Child Safety Country Profiles were developed to measure child injury rates in 36 European countries; enabling European-level comparisons.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo calculate child injury mortality and morbidity rates for 36 European countries included in the CSAP project.MethodsChild injury data were extracted from the World Health Organization Mortality and Morbidity databases', for all countries excluding England and Wales, where data were provided by the Office for National Statistics and Public Health Wales, respectively. Age standardised injury rates were calculated by gender, age, cause and intent of injury, using the most recent data available. Potential years of life lost (PYLL) and select socio-demographic measures were also identified.Results/OutcomesChild injury death and disability rates vary greatly between European countries. In 2010, the Netherlands reported the lowest child injury death rate (4.98 per 100 000) and Lithuania reported the highest (23.91 per 100 000); over four times higher than in the Netherlands. Sweden reported the lowest unintentional injury mortality rate (2.73 per 100 000), and Greece the lowest intentional injury mortality rate (0.48/100 000).Significance/Contribution to the fieldResults from these analyses, will support the TACTICS project, and will help measure progress towards and setting of targets for the reduction of child and adolescent injury-related death and disability in Europe.
Inequalities in child injuries in Nepal: findings of a community based survey in Makwanpur
Authors: Pant PR , Towner E , Ellis M , Pilkington P 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe lack of data on prevalence, risk factors, costs and consequences of child injuries has led to a lack of awareness and understanding of the problem in low income countries.AimTo investigate whether socio-economic status of families is associated with injury morbidity among children in rural Nepal.ResultsA community based household survey was conducted in Makwanpur district, Nepal. Families of children with injuries, which required treatment or caused problems for at least 3 days, were interviewed. A total of 2868 households were analysed using Factor Analysis to create SES wealth status and the households were ranked into five quintiles. The relationship of wealth status with socio-economic and demographic characteristics will be presented.FindingsOnly 6.3% (181) of survey households reported that a child was injured. Injured children disproportionately came from the lowest wealth quintiles. The ratio of lowest to highest quintiles was 1.37 (PCA). OR for the lowest SES quintile (1.27; 95% CI 0.78 to 2.06) when compared to the highest. OR for having 3–4 children per household (2.30; 95% CI 1.62 to 3.27) and for having 5 or more children per household (3.42; 95% CI 2.45 to 5.21) compared to 1–2 children per household; the second lowest and middle quintiles have highest injury risk. Having three or more children/household was found to be a risk factor for child injury. The ORs exhibit complex trends with increased SES levels.SignificanceThere are few examples of studies examining child injury and inequalities in low and middle income countries. There is a need to study inequalities in injury to help guide more effective prevention.
Community based study on parent related contributory factors for unintentional injuries among preschool children in Sri Lanka
Authors: Samarakkody DC , Fernando DN , McClure RJ 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundUnintentional injuries are one of the leading causes of hospitalisation among preschool children in Sri Lanka resulting disability and death. Though majority of unintentional injuries among this age group occur when the children are at home with their parents, there is dearth of information on parent related contributory factors.ObjectivesTo ascertain parent related contributory factors for unintentional injuries among preschool children.MethodsA community based sample of 1117 preschool children was recruited using a two tier randomisation process. Parents of participating children completed an interviewer administered questionnaire that recorded the parent's recollection of their child having an unintentional injury needed medical attention, within 6 months prior to the interview. In addition parents completed measures assessing type and quality of parenting, quality of marital life, exposure to family stressors and Beck Depression Inventory. Psychosocial stimulation potential of child's home environment was assessed by the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment inventory.ResultsLogistic regression analysis demonstrated poor quality of parenting (OR 4.9, CI 2.4 to 9.9) and depressive mental health status (OR 4.5, CI 2.5 to 7.9) of the mother, poor quality of parent's marital life (3.08, CI 1.8 to 5.2) and inadequacy of psychosocial stimulation at home (OR 2.4, CI 1.2 to 4.8) as the variables that predict the occurrence of unintentional injuries among the study group.Contribution to the FieldIdentification of parent related risk factors for unintentional injuries among preschool children will enable policy makers to plan and implement injury prevention programmes addressing these factors.
Characteristics, causes and consequences of hospitalised Traumatic Brain Injury in older adults
Authors: Lara Harvey , Jacqueline Close 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of injury-related hospitalisation, disability and death worldwide, and is of particular concern in the older population where an acute insult to the brain can end independent living.AimTo examine trends in hospitalisations for TBI in adults aged 65 years and over, in New South Wales, Australia.MethodsTBI cases from 1998 to 2011 were identified from hospitalisation data for all public and private hospitals in NSW. Age-standardised admission rates were calculated. Negative binomial regression modelling was used to examine trends over time.ResultsThere were 12 564 hospitalisations for TBI over the 13 year study period. Hospitalisation rates increased by 7.2% (95% CI 6.4 to 8.0, p<0.0001) per year from 19.3/100 000 to 72.2/100 000. One third of all hospitalisations were for adults aged 85 years and over. Traumatic subdural haemorrhage (42.9%), concussive injury (24.1%) and traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (12.7%) were the most common type of injury. Falls were the most common cause of TBI (82.9%). Rates of fall-related TBI increased by 8.4% (95% CI 7.5 to 9.3, p<0.001) per year, whilst non-fall related TBI increased by 2.1% (95% CI 0.9 to 3.3, p<0.0001) per year. 13% of hospitalisations resulted in death, and the majority occurred in those who sustained a traumatic subdural haemorrhage.SignificanceThe dramatic increase in hospitalised TBI is being predominantly driven by falls in the oldest old, resulting in intracranial haemorrhages. The cause for this is uncertain but may relate to the increasing use of anticoagulant therapies. More research is required to better understand the observed patterns.
Community based programme for fall prevention in home dwelling elderly: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bae JY , Cho SI , An DH 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundFall related fractures in elderly are major health problems in Korea. Falls can result in injuries, a loss of confidence and a subsequent reduction in physical activity and community participant.PurposesThe purposes of this study was to develop community based programme for fall prevention and to investigate effects of this programme on muscle strength, balance and fall efficacy in home dwelling elderly.Methods96 elderly were recruited from the community and randomised into two groups: the experimental group, submitted for balance exercise and elastics resistance exercise and the control, without intervention. Muscle strength, balance and fall efficacy were evaluated before and at the end of the trial, using the powertrack II, tetrax and the fall efficacy scale-K. The intervention was performed for twice a week in the senior centre and three times a week at home for 8 weeks. Participants received daily support physiotherapists through a telephone call.ResultsDeveloped programme was based predominantly on the social cognitive model of behavioural change to successfully increased activities participation in elderly. This programme is very useful because it not only focuses on exercise, but participants also learn fall prevention strategies. There were significantly improved in muscle strength, balance (p<0.001) and fall efficacy (p<0.001) in experimental group.Contribution to the FieldThis study demonstrated that an community based intervention are effective in improving muscle strength, balance and fall efficacy. It is concluded that this programme is a valuable tool for the prevention of fall in home dwelling elderly.
Fall and fall-related injury studies among older aboriginal people in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the USA: a systematic review
Authors: Scott V , Metcalfe S , Yassin Y 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundLittle is known about the scope or nature of falls or fall prevention among older Aboriginal/Indigenous people.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo identify peer-reviewed literature with epidemiology and prevention evidence on the topic of falls and fall-related injury among older Aboriginal people in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States.MethodsA key word search of relevant databases was conducted using combinations of terminology for accidental falls and a comprehensive list of terms for Aboriginal status specific to each country. Each study was independently reviewed by two reviewers against the inclusion criteria with discrepancies determined by a third.Results/Outcome34 publications met the review criteria; United States=14; Australia=8; Canada=7; New Zealand=3; international=2. Most are morbidity (14)/mortality (6) reports or reviews (5), with very little on fall prevention.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe findings bring greater awareness to the seriousness of the issue and point to areas of urgent need for future research.
Fall injuries—a preventable public health issue: results from a pilot surveillance programme in a developing country
Authors: Jabeen F , Rahim K Uzma , Nukhba Z , Abdul R Junaid , Prasanthi P , Adnan H 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundUnintentional injuries due to fall are a leading cause of emergency department visits in children under 14 years.AimThe aim of this study is to report the existing baseline facts on fall related injuries.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a childhood unintentional injury surveillance database setup in the emergency department of the Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan for 3 months. The data was collected by interviewing caretakers of children under 12 years of age presenting with an unintentional injury to the emergency departments of the four major tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan.ResultsThere were 281 cases of falls injuries. Of these 186 (66.2%) occurred in males giving a male female ratio of 1.95. Majority of fall were seen in the 5–11 years age group (n=170, 60.5%).Most of these injuries took place at home (n=238, 84.7%). Main reasons for these injuries were fall from height (n=147, 52.3%), from stairs/steps (n=70, 24.9%), playground equipment (n=28, 10%), from bed (n=25, 8.9) and attendants' arms (n=9, 3.2%)..The fall injuries were mostly minor (n=177, 63%) in severity. Around 84% (n=236) cases were directly discharged from the ED and 20 (7.1%) were admitted to the ward. There were two expires (case fatality 0.7). Short-term disability was found 104 cases (37%) and long-term in 47 (16.7%) cases.ConclusionFall is common unintentional injuries occurring mostly at home. Strategies at home like installing stair gate or other barriers to heights can reduce the burden of fall related injuries.