bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions of JBPOS0101 mediated by cytochrome P450 3A4 and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases
Authors: Hwang Sejung , Choi Yong Moon , Kim Myoung‐Seok , Lee SeungHwan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractJBPOS0101 is a new antiepileptic drug and is a substrate of UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in in vitro test. In vitro experiments showed different results regarding whether JBPOS0101 induces (EC50 136 μM) or inhibits (IC50 95.4–386.5 μM) cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. As co‐medication of JBPOS0101 and carbamazepine (CBZ) is expected in clinical settings, drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between them should be determined. This study aimed to investigate pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions of JBPOS0101 influenced by CYP3A4 and UGTs using midazolam (MDZ) and CBZ. A two‐cohort, open‐label, fixed‐sequence study was conducted in healthy Koreans. In cohort A, subjects received MDZ IV alone, and then JBPOS0101 were co‐administered with MDZ after oral doses of JBPOS0101 for 7 days. In cohort B, multiple doses of JBPOS0101 and CBZ were administered respectively, and subjects received both together for 7 days. Serial blood samples were collected for PK analysis. When MDZ and JBPOS0101 were co‐administered, the systemic exposure of MDZ decreased by 30%. Meanwhile, JBPOS0101 did not significantly changed the PK of CBZ. CBZ decreased the systemic exposure of JBPOS0101 at steady state by 40%, respectively. With IV administration of MDZ, JBPOS0101 acted as a weak inducer of hepatic CYP3A4 and decreased systemic exposure of MDZ. The ability of JBPOS0101 to similarly modulate gut CYP3A4 activity will require further evaluation. Co‐administration of multiple doses of JBPOS0101 and CBZ did not significantly alter CBZ pharmacokinetics, but the clinical impact of decreased systemic exposure of JBPOS0101 by CBZ should be further considered.
Predictor importance in habitat suitability models for invasive terrestrial plants
Authors: Williams Demetra A. , Shadwell Keana S. , Pearse Ian S. , Prevéy Janet S. , Engelstad Peder , Henderson Grace C. , Jarnevich Catherine S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimDue to the socioeconomic and environmental damages caused by invasive species, predicting the distribution of invasive plants is fundamental for effectively targeting management efforts. A habitat suitability model (HSM) is a powerful tool to predict potential habitat of invasive species to help guide the early detection of invasive plants. Despite numerous studies of the predictors used in HSMs, there is little consensus about the most appropriate predictors to use in creating ecologically realistic predictions from HSMs.LocationThe contiguous United States.MethodsWe explore 220 invasive terrestrial plant species' existing HSMs constructed with consistent modelling algorithms, background generation methods, predictor resolution, and geographic extent, and calculate the relative importance of predictors for each species. We sort predictors into eight groups (topography, temperature, disturbance, atmospheric water, landscape water, substrate, biotic interaction, and radiation) and compare the importance of predictor groups by plant lifeforms and phylogenetic relatedness.ResultsHuman modification and minimum winter temperature were generally the two highest performing individual predictors across the species studied. The highest‐performing predictor groups were disturbance, temperature, and atmospheric water. Across lifeforms, there were minimal differences in the influences of predictor groups, although woody plant models exhibited the largest differences in predictor importance when compared with non‐woody plant models. Additionally, we found no significant relationship between the importance of predictor groups and phylogenetic relatedness.Main ConclusionsThis study has implications for informing predictor selection in invasive plant HSMs, leading to more reliable and accurate models of invasive terrestrial plants. Our results emphasize the need to critically select predictors included in HSMs, with special consideration to temperature and disturbance predictors, to accurately predict habitat of invasive plant for detection and response of invasive plant species. With more accurate predictions, managers will be better prepared to address invasive species and reduce their threats to landscapes.
First record of Retithrips syriacus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Algeria: damage observed on two Vitaceae species in Khenchela province
Authors: Hayet Aggoun , Souad Tahar Chaouche 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper is the first record of Retithrips syriacus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) for Algeria. This thrips pest is reported for the first time from Khenchela Province, north‐eastern Algeria, on two Vitaceae species (Vitis vinifera and Parthenocissus quinquefolia). The observations were made in several gardens of different houses within the same neighbourhood.
The impact of cognitive fusion on stress among nurses: Exploring gender as a moderator controlling for depressive symptoms
Authors: AL‐Hammouri Mohammed Munther , Rababah Jehad , Dormans Jorn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the influence of cognitive fusion on stress among nurses, with a focus on exploring gender as a moderator among Jordanian nurses controlling for depressive symptoms.BackgroundStress is a significant concern among healthcare workers, particularly nurses, given the escalating work demands and organizational constraints.MethodsData were collected from 206 nurses using a cross‐sectional design. Participants completed surveys that included measures for cognitive fusion, stress, and depressive symptoms. Statistical analysis included bivariate correlations, independent sample t‐tests, and moderation analysis using Hayes PROCESS. The results were reported using The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.ResultsThe findings revealed a moderate correlation among stress, cognitive fusion, and depressive symptoms. The regression model explained 42% of the variance in stress, with significant contributions from cognitive fusion, gender, depressive symptoms, and the interaction between cognitive fusion and gender. Gender moderated the relationship between cognitive fusion and stress, indicating differential effects for males and females.ConclusionThis study underscores the importance of cognitive fusion in understanding and managing stress among nurses. The moderating effect of gender highlights the need for tailored interventions. Reducing stress among nurses may benefit their mental health and potentially enhance patient care and treatment outcomes.Implications for nursing practice and policyThe study highlights crucial implications for nursing policy. Addressing cognitive fusion is vital to reducing nurse stress, directly impacting patient care quality and healthcare outcomes. Policymakers should prioritize gender‐aware strategies within nursing policies, fostering a less stressful and more supportive work environment. By doing so, healthcare institutions can enhance the well‐being of nurses and ultimately improve patient care, aligning with broader healthcare policy objectives of patient safety and quality improvement.
Inclusion of blood pressure parameter increases predictive capability of severe obstructive sleep apnea: A decision tree approach
Authors: Cheng Hsiang‐Ju , Li Chung‐Yi , Lin Cheng‐Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFew studies included objective blood pressure (BP) to construct the predictive model of severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study used binary logistic regression model (BLRM) and the decision tree method (DTM) to constructed the predictive models for identifying severe OSA, and to compare the prediction capability between the two methods. Totally 499 adult patients with severe OSA and 1421 non‐severe OSA controls examined at the Sleep Medicine Center of a tertiary hospital in southern Taiwan between October 2016 and April 2019 were enrolled. OSA was diagnosed through polysomnography. Data on BP, demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, comorbidity histories, and sleep questionnaires were collected. BLRM and DTM were separately applied to identify predictors of severe OSA. The performance of risk scores was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs). In BLRM, body mass index (BMI) ≥27 kg/m2, and Snore Outcomes Survey score ≤55 were significant predictors of severe OSA (AUC 0.623). In DTM, mean SpO2 <96%, average systolic BP ≥135 mmHg, and BMI ≥39 kg/m2 were observed to effectively differentiate cases of severe OSA (AUC 0.718). The AUC for the predictive models produced by the DTM was higher in older adults than in younger adults (0.807 vs. 0.723) mainly due to differences in clinical predictive features. In conclusion, DTM, using a different set of predictors, seems more effective in identifying severe OSA than BLRM. Differences in predictors ascertained demonstrated the necessity for separately constructing predictive models for younger and older adults.
Spatial ecology and population dynamics of brown trout Salmo trutta L. in reservoirs and headwater tributaries
Authors: Dodd Jamie R. , Noble Richard A. A. , Nunn Andy D. , Owen Holly M. , Moccetti Paolo , Harvey Jonathan P. , Wallace Liam , Gillespie Ben , Joyce Domino A. , Bolland Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis investigation compared the spatial ecology and population dynamics of brown trout Salmo trutta L. between reservoirs with (impact; Langsett Reservoir) and without (control; Grimwith Reservoir) barriers to fish movements into headwater tributaries, and the effectiveness of a fish pass intended to remediate connectivity. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry revealed that fish that emigrated from Langsett and Grimwith tributaries were 1–3 and 0–2 years old, respectively, and predominantly did so in spring and autumn‐early winter in both systems. Weirs at Langsett Reservoir appeared to thwart emigration rate (26%) relative to Grimwith Reservoir (85%). Acoustic telemetry (two‐dimensional positions) in the impacted reservoir revealed that the largest home range was in October–December (95% monthly activity space S.D. up to 26.9 ± 6.69 ha in November), activity was influenced by both month and time of day, and fish occupied shallow water depths (relative to reservoir depth), especially at night. Brown trout tagged in Grimwith and Langsett Reservoirs (42.9% and 64.1%, respectively) and fish tagged in the tributaries that emigrated (37.2% and 27.7%, respectively) were detected immigrating into tributaries throughout the year. At both reservoirs, peak immigration for ≥3‐year‐old trout occurred primarily in autumn‐early winter. Overall passage efficiency went from 3% prior to remediation to 14% after and there was no significant increase in fish densities following the construction of the fish pass. Fish were attracted towards and entered the fish pass under a wide range of river levels, but only succeeded in passing upstream during low levels, which are uncommon druing the main migration period. Overall, this investigation significantly furthers our understanding of brown trout spatial ecology and population dynamics in reservoirs and headwater tributaries.
Banking Panic Risk and Macroeconomic Uncertainty
Authors: POESCHL JOHANNES , MIKKELSEN JAKOB G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe explore the interactions between banking panics and uncertainty shocks. To do so, we build a model of a production economy with a banking sector. In the model, financial constraints of banks can lead to disastrous banking panics. We find that a higher probability of a banking panic increases macroeconomic uncertainty. Vice versa, a shock to macroeconomic uncertainty increases the likelihood of a banking panic. This banking panic channel amplifies the macroeconomic effects of uncertainty shocks. A countercyclical capital buffer increases welfare by reducing the likelihood of a banking panic.
A Global Phenomenology of Whiteness: Turkey, Europe and Institutional Global Racism
Authors: Delatolla Andrew 
Published: July 2024

AbstractContemporary international institutions are often discussed as part of a new liberal international order and a departure from colonial logics of the nineteenth century. While some have discussed the ongoing dynamics of race within international institutions, few have explored whiteness as the positionality embedded in such institutions. This article argues that the racial logics embedded in most international institutions, throughout the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty‐first centuries, are developed in relation to the structures of experience and consciousness of whiteness that circumscribe notions of 'universality' and 'normalcy'. This renders whiteness as an invisible characteristic, or background knowledge and practice, to which racialisation occurs. Using the case of the Ottoman Empire's attempt to accede to the European group of 'civilised nations' and subsequent Turkish attempts to gain membership to the European Union, this article explores how a phenomenology of whiteness is historically produced and embedded as an orientating mechanism in international institutions.
Unmet needs in autoimmune hepatitis: Results of the prospective multicentre European Reference Network Registry (R‐LIVER)
Authors: Schregel Ida , Papp Maria , Sipeki Nora , Kovats Patricia J. , Taubert Richard , Engel Bastian , Campos‐Murguia Alejandro , Dalekos George N. , Gatselis Nikolaos , Zachou Kalliopi , Milkiewicz Piotr , Janik Maciej K. , Raszeja‐Wyszomirska Joanna , Ytting Henriette , Braun Felix , Casar Christian , Sebode Marcial , Lohse Ansgar W. , Schramm Christoph ,   the European Reference Network (ERN) RARE‐LIVER
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER) launched the prospective, multicentre, quality‐controlled R‐LIVER registry on rare liver diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the presentation and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) after 1 year of treatment.MethodsData were prospectively collected at the time of diagnosis and after 6 and 12 months follow‐up. Complete biochemical response (CBR) was defined as normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum levels.ResultsA total of 231 patients from six European centres were included in the analysis. After 6 months of treatment 50% (106/212), and after 12 months 63% (131/210) of patients reached CBR with only 27% (56/211) achieving a steroid‐free CBR within the first year.Overall, 16 different treatment regimens were administered. Change of treatment, mostly due to intolerance, occurred in 30.4% within the first 6 months. In multivariate analysis, younger age at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.05]; p = .007), severe fibrosis (OR .38 [95% .16–.89], p = .026) and change of treatment within the first 6 months (OR .40 [95% CI .2–.86]; p = .018) were associated with a lesser chance of ALT normalization at 12 months follow‐up.ConclusionThe landscape of AIH treatment in Europe is highly heterogeneous, even between expert centres. The results from this first European multicentre prospective registry reveal several unmet needs, highlighted by the overall low rates of CBR and the frequent failure to withdraw corticosteroids.
Expression–environment associations in transcriptomic heat stress responses for a global plant lineage
Authors: Andrew Samuel C. , Simonsen Anna K. , Coppin Chris W. , Arnold Pieter A. , Briceño Verónica F. , McLay Todd G. B. , Jackson Chris J. , Gallagher Rachael V. , Mokany Karel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe increasing frequency and severity of heatwaves will intensify stress on plants. Given regional variation in heatwave exposure and expected differences in thermal tolerance between species it is unlikely that all plant species will be affected equally by climate change. However, little is currently known about variation in the responses of plants to heat stress, or how those responses differ among closely related species adapted to different environments. Here we quantify the response of 17 Acacia species (175 RNA‐seq libraries), from across Australia's diverse biomes, to a multi‐day experimental heatwave treatment to identify variation in transcriptomic and physiological responses to heat stress. Genes with known heat response functions showed consistent responses across Acacia species. Up to 10% of all genes and over 100 gene families showed significant clinal variation in the magnitude of their expression plasticity across species. Specifically, gene families linked to the temperature stress response were overrepresented among significant relationships with home range temperature conditions. Gene expression responses seen on the first day of the heatwave were more frequently associated with home range climates, while expression responses by day four were more commonly related to photosystem II acclimation. Comparative transcriptomics on non‐model species has the potential to provide key information on stress response plasticity, especially when linked with our understanding of model species. Our study indicates that the pressing challenge to identifying potentially vulnerable species to climate change could be benefited by the further exploration of clinal variation in transcriptome plasticity.
Fostering the clinician as teacher: A realist review
Authors: Brouwer Hiske Joanna , Barry Margot , Kluijtmans Manon , Damoiseaux Roger Anna Maria Joseph , de Groot Esther 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinician‐teachers, physicians with educational responsibilities in either classroom or clinical setting, are assumed to add value by virtue of their dual role. The clinical responsibilities are often prioritised over the educational tasks. How and under which circumstances clinician‐teachers are able to perform their educational role and create added value for different stakeholders is currently unclear.ObjectivesTo identify for whom, how and under which circumstances educational activities executed by CTs by virtue of their dual role add value to others.ScopeCTs activities linking the system of education and clinical practice beyond direct patient interactions and purposefully executed.MethodsA realist review was conducted. Databases were searched in two stages: a narrow conventional search, followed by a comprehensive artificial intelligence‐aided search. Studies concerning clinician‐teachers' dual role were included. Realist analysis was applied to identify in which contexts resource mechanisms triggered reasoning mechanisms, which led to specific outcomes for different stakeholders.ResultsSixty‐six studies were included. In contexts where clinician‐teachers' dual role was formally recognised and valued, clinician‐teachers benefitted from the credibility and legitimacy bestowed on them, making the transfer of domain‐specific knowledge more impactful. In contexts where sociocultural differences between both systems existed, CTs were able to mediate and adjust recommendations aligned with stakeholders' perceived relevance. Also, contexts organised to support both roles made resource mechanisms more impactful. Clinician‐teachers added value to students' clinical competency and learning environment, and to educational organisations' curricular innovation. In their clinical workspace, clinician‐teachers added value by enhancing colleague physicians' teaching expertise, implementing educational innovations and recruiting students for scarce specialisms.ConclusionClinician‐teachers add value to students, colleague physicians and the clinical and educational contexts at large. Domain‐specific knowledge of both systems was important to gain credibility and achieve added value. Openness, formal recognition and allocated time for both roles in educational and clinical contexts towards the dual role are important to strengthen the impact of the dual role.
Short‐term changes in financial situation have immediate mental health consequences: Implications for social policy
Authors: Nettle Daniel , Chevallier Coralie , de Courson Benoît , Johnson Elliott A. , Johnson Matthew T. , Pickett Kate E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPoverty is associated with psychological variables such as increased anxiety, increased depression, steeper time discounting and greater risk aversion. However, less is known about whether short‐term changes in financial circumstances are coupled to immediate psychological responses. We present data from the Changing Cost of Living study, in which panels of adults in France (n = 232) and the UK (n = 240) completed financial and psychological surveys every month for a year (September 2022–August 2023). We found the expected overall socioeconomic gradients in anxiety, depression and time discounting. In addition, monthly fluctuations in financial situation were associated with fluctuations in depression, anxiety and risk preference. Increases in essential costs, considered separately from fluctuations in income, had an immediate impact on depression. Social support, the instrumental and emotional assistance derivable from one's social network, buffered the effects of short‐term financial fluctuations on depression and time discounting, but did not mitigate the overall gradients. We conclude that declines in income or increases in the cost of living have immediate and measurable psychological impacts, which must be borne in mind in the formulation and evaluation of social policy.
The impact of bureaucracy and managerialism on relationship‐based practise: A mixed methods study of frontline social work in Northern Ireland
Authors: Pascoe Katheryn Margaret 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCombining quantitative data from a national survey (n = 252) with qualitative interviews with frontline social workers (n = 16), this manuscript examines the ways in which bureaucracy and managerialism has impacted social work in Northern Ireland, with specific attention to relationship‐based practise. Although policy documents emphasise the importance of relationship‐based practise, quantitative and qualitative data demonstrate social workers are spending increasingly more time on administrative tasks to the detriment of direct work with service users. A whole institutional response is necessary to develop conditions conducive to placing relationships at the heart of practise, and promotion in practise guidelines and policy documents alone is insufficient.