bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A positive family history as a risk factor for prostate cancer in a population‐based study with organised prostate‐specific antigen screening: results of the Swiss European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC, Aarau)
Authors: Randazzo Marco , Müller Alexander , Carlsson Sigrid , Eberli Daniel , Huber Andreas , Grobholz Rainer , Manka Lukas , Mortezavi Ashkan , Sulser Tullio , Recker Franz , Kwiatkowski Maciej 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the value of a positive family history (FH) as a risk factor for prostate cancer incidence and grade among men undergoing organised prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening in a population‐based study.Subjects and MethodsThe study cohort comprised all attendees of the Swiss arm of the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) with systematic PSA level tests every 4 years. Men reporting first‐degree relative(s) diagnosed with prostate cancer were considered to have a positive FH. Biopsy was exclusively PSA triggered at a PSA level threshold of 3 ng/mL. The primary endpoint was prostate cancer diagnosis. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used.ResultsOf 4 932 attendees with a median (interquartile range, IQR) age of 60.9 (57.6–65.1) years, 334 (6.8%) reported a positive FH. The median (IQR) follow‐up duration was 11.6 (10.3–13.3) years. Cumulative prostate cancer incidence was 60/334 (18%, positive FH) and 550/4 598 (12%, negative FH) [odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–2.2, P = 0.001). In both groups, most prostate cancer diagnosed was low grade. There were no significant differences in PSA level at diagnosis, biopsy Gleason score or Gleason score on pathological specimen among men who underwent radical prostatectomy between both groups. On multivariable analysis, age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.06), baseline PSA level (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.12–1.14), and FH (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.24–2.14) were independent predictors for overall prostate cancer incidence (all P < 0.001). Only baseline PSA level (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.12–1.16, P < 0.001) was an independent predictor of Gleason score ≥7 prostate cancer on prostate biopsy. The proportion of interval prostate cancer diagnosed in‐between the screening rounds was not significantly different.ConclusionIrrespective of the FH status, the current PSA‐based screening setting detects the majority of aggressive prostate cancers and missed only a minority of interval cancers with a 4‐year screening algorithm. Our results suggest that men with a positive FH are at increased risk of low‐grade but not aggressive prostate cancer.
Fasting protects against the side effects of irinotecan treatment but does not affect anti‐tumour activity in mice
Authors: Huisman Sander A , de Bruijn Peter , Ghobadi Moghaddam‐Helmantel Inge M , IJzermans Jan N M , Wiemer Erik A C , Mathijssen Ron H J , de Bruin Ron W F 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe main limitation to the use of irinotecan in the treatment of colorectal cancer is the severity of side effects, including neutropaenia and diarrhoea. Here, we explored the effects of 3 days of fasting on irinotecan‐induced toxicities, on plasma, liver and tumour pharmacokinetics and on anti‐tumour activity in mice.Experimental ApproachMale BALB/c mice received C26 colon carcinoma cells subcutaneously. They were randomized 1:1 into equally sized ad libitum fed and fasted groups after which they were treated with irinotecan. Weight and adverse side effects were recorded daily. At the end of the experiment, tumours were resected and weighed, and concentrations of irinotecan and its active metabolite SN‐38 were determined in plasma and tumour.Key ResultsFasting prevented the diarrhoea and visible signs of discomfort induced by irinotecan. Ad libitum fed animals developed leucopenia compared with untreated controls, whereas fasted mice did not. Irinotecan suppressed tumour growth equally in both treated groups, compared with untreated controls. Levels of the active irinotecan metabolite SN‐38 9 (calculated as AUC values) were significantly lower in fasted mice in both plasma and liver, but not in tumour tissue.Conclusions and ImplicationsFasting protected against irinotecan‐induced side effects without interfering with its anti‐tumour efficacy. Fasting induced a lower systemic exposure to SN‐38, which may explain the absence of adverse side effects, while tumour levels of SN‐38 remained unchanged. These data offer important new approaches to improve treatment with irinotecan in patients.
Deferoxamine preconditioning to restore impaired HIF‐1α‐mediated angiogenic mechanisms in adipose‐derived stem cells from STZ‐induced type 1 diabetic rats
Authors: Mehrabani M. , Najafi M. , Kamarul T. , Mansouri K. , Iranpour M. , Nematollahi M. H. , Ghazi‐Khansari M. , Sharifi A. M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectivesBoth excessive and insufficient angiogenesis are associated with progression of diabetic complications, of which poor angiogenesis is an important feature. Currently, adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) are considered to be a promising source to aid therapeutic neovascularization. However, functionality of these cells is impaired by diabetes which can result from a defect in hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1), a key mediator involved in neovascularization. In the current study, we sought to explore effectiveness of pharmacological priming with deferoxamine (DFO) as a hypoxia mimetic agent, to restore the compromised angiogenic pathway, with the aid of ADSCs derived from streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced type 1 diabetic rats (‘diabetic ADSCs’).Materials and methodsDiabetic ADSCs were treated with DFO and compared to normal and non‐treated diabetic ADSCs for expression of HIF‐1α, VEGF, FGF‐2 and SDF‐1, at mRNA and protein levels, using qRT‐PCR, western blotting and ELISA assay. Activity of matrix metalloproteinases ‐2 and ‐9 were measured using a gelatin zymography assay. Angiogenic potential of conditioned media derived from normal, DFO‐treated and non‐treated diabetic ADSCs were determined by in vitro (in HUVECs) and in vivo experiments including scratch assay, three‐dimensional tube formation testing and surgical wound healing models.ResultsDFO remarkably enhanced expression of noted genes by mRNA and protein levels and restored activity of matrix metalloproteinases ‐2 and ‐9. Compromised angiogenic potential of conditioned medium derived from diabetic ADSCs was restored by DFO both in vitro and in vivo experiments.ConclusionDFO preconditioning restored neovascularization potential of ADSCs derived from diabetic rats by affecting the HIF‐1α pathway.
A pleasant dilemma to have: to treat the HCV patient on the waiting list or to treat post‐liver transplantation?
Authors: Barsa Jonathan E. , Branch Andrea D. , Schiano Thomas D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNew and relatively well‐tolerated medications to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have presented an opportunity for hepatologists to eliminate HCV in liver transplant (LT) candidates prior to transplantation. While concern for causing decompensated liver disease in the sickest subset of pre‐transplant patients makes some clinicians reluctant to offer treatment, we believe that several advantages of early HCV eradication appear to shift the debate in favor of using anti‐HCV agents before LT. There are encouraging safety data for new HCV medications in cirrhotic patients, and given the limited supply of donor livers available, delaying or possibly preventing the need for LT by treating HCV can offer significant benefit. Post‐LT, making immunosuppression management easier as well as avoiding both extrahepatic manifestations of HCV (e.g., diabetes mellitus and kidney disease) and the dilemma of distinguishing post‐transplant viral recurrence from allograft rejection makes earlier treatment of HCV especially appealing to clinicians. Furthermore, retrospective data have demonstrated a mortality benefit among HCV patients who are free of the virus at the time of LT. This article explores arguments for and against treating HCV in patients on the transplant list.
Preparation for high altitude expedition and changes in cardiopulmonary and biochemical laboratory parameters with ascent to high altitude in transplant patients and live donors
Authors: Suh Kyung‐Suk , Kim Taehoon , Yi Nam‐Joon , Hong Geun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHigh‐altitude climbing has many risks, and transplant recipients should discuss the associated risks and means of preparation with their physicians. This study aimed to help prepare athletic transplant donors and recipients for mountain climbing and was designed to evaluate physical performance and changes in cardiopulmonary and biochemical laboratory parameters of transplant recipients and donors in extreme conditions of high altitude. Ten subjects—six liver transplant recipients, two liver donors, and one kidney transplant recipient and his donor—were selected for this expedition to Island Peak, Himalayas, Nepal. Six healthy subjects joined the group for comparison. Blood samplings, vital signs, and oxygen saturation were evaluated, as was the Lake Louise acute mountain sickness score. All transplant subjects and donors reached the base camp (5150 m), and two liver transplant recipients and a liver donor reached the summit (6189 m). The blood levels of immunosuppressants were well maintained. The serum erythropoietin level was significantly higher in transplant recipients taking tacrolimus. With proper preparation, certain liver transplant patients and donors can tolerate strenuous physical activity and can tolerate high altitude similarly to normal healthy control subjects without significant biochemical laboratory changes in liver and renal function.
Identification of joint patterns during gait in children with cerebral palsy: a Delphi consensus study
Authors: Nieuwenhuys Angela , Õunpuu Sylvia , Van Campenhout Anja , Theologis Tim , De Cat Josse , Stout Jean , Molenaers Guy , De Laet Tinne , Desloovere Kaat 
Published: September 2015

AimThis study aims to achieve an international expert consensus on joint patterns during gait for children with cerebral palsy (CP) by means of Delphi surveys.MethodIn Stage 1, seven local experts drafted a preliminary proposal of kinematic patterns for each lower limb joint in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse plane. In Stage 2, 13 experts from eight gait laboratories (four in the USA and four in Europe), participated in a Delphi consensus study. Consensus was defined by a pre‐set cut‐off point of 75% agreement among participants.ResultsAfter the first stage, 44 joint patterns were presented in a first survey and 29 patterns reached consensus. Consensus improved to 47 out of 48 patterns in the third survey. Only one pattern, ‘abnormal knee pattern during loading response’, did not reach consensus. The expert panel agreed to define six patterns for the knee during swing, most of them representing characteristics of a stiff knee pattern.InterpretationThe defined joint patterns can support clinical reasoning for children with CP as joint patterns during gait might be linked to different treatment approaches. Automating the classification process and incorporating additional trunk, foot, and electromyography features should be prioritized for the near future.
Treatment intensification without improved HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sildorf S. M. , Hertel N. T. , Thomsen J. , Fredheim S. , Hastrup H. , Pipper C. , Hertz B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimsTo examine trends in diabetes treatment in Danish children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, comparing treatment intensity with metabolic outcomes in the population, and to describe the challenges of population‐based registries in a clinical setting with rapidly changing treatment methods.MethodsThis observational study is based on the Danish national population registry of childhood diabetes, which includes 99% of children diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes before the age of 15 years. We included 4527 people diagnosed between 2000 and 2012. Self‐monitored blood glucose measurements, insulin injections/boluses, treatment method and metabolic control quantifications were analysed and adjusted for the effects of gender and ethnicity, the combined effect of age, visit year and duration, and for the random effects of individual and hospital settings.ResultsTreatment was intensified via an increasing number of self‐monitored blood glucose measurements and injections/boluses. More than six injections/boluses and an increased number of self‐monitored blood glucose measurements were significantly associated with lower metabolic control. No reduction, however, in the overall mean HbA1c concentration was observed between 2005 [66 mmol/mol (8.2%)] and 2012 [65 mmol/mol (8.1%)]. Changed registration practices in 2009 introduced artificial jumps in data.ConclusionsIntensifying treatment alone does not lead to improved metabolic control in the overall population despite the appearance of lower HbA1c in individuals with a greater number of self‐monitored blood glucose measurements and injections/boluses. The contradictory results reflect difficulties in using observational studies to predict results of intervention in the individual. Data collected from population‐based registries need to be adjusted continuously to reflect changes in care.
Subcortical (thalamic) automated seizure detection: A new option for contingent therapy delivery
Authors: Osorio Ivan , Frei Mark G. , Lozano Andres M. , Wennberg Richard 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe feasibility of automated detection of cortical‐onset epileptic seizures from subcortical structures such as the thalamus was investigated via simultaneous recording of electroencephalography (EEG) and anterior and centromedian thalamic nuclei electrical signals (electrothalamography) in nine subjects with pharmacoresistant seizures admitted to an epilepsy monitoring unit after deep brain stimulating electrode implantation. Thalamic electrical signals were analyzed using a validated seizure detection algorithm, and times of seizure onset and termination were compared to those determined through visual analysis of video‐EEG. Ictal activity was recorded from the scalp and thalamic nuclei in three subjects who had seizures during the 3–4‐day recording period. In the majority of seizures, ictal activity in the thalamic nuclei preceded electrographic onset as determined from the EEG or clinical onset as determined from behavioral observations. Interictal epileptiform discharges were also recorded from the thalamus and in certain instances had no scalp representation. Subcortical/thalamic detection of cortical‐onset seizures is feasible. This approach would enable contingent therapy delivery and may be particularly valuable for subjects with multiple or difficult‐to‐localize epileptogenic regions.
Adjuvant antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Gao‐Min , Huang Xiao‐Yong , Shen Shun‐Li , Hu Wen‐Jie , Peng Bao‐Gang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate whether adjuvant antiviral treatment could improve prognosis and entecavir is the optimal nucleoside/nucleotide analog (NA) regimen after curative therapy of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsA comprehensive electronic search was performed. All controlled trials comparing antiviral treatment with placebo or no treatment for HBV‐related HCC after curative treatment were included. The pooled hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Stata 12.0 software. An indirect treatment comparison method was used to compare the relative efficacy of different NA strategies.ResultsTwenty‐one studies containing 8072 patients were included. NA was found to significantly improve recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Alternatively, for interferon, a non‐significant benefit was found. By adjusted indirect comparisons among entecavir, lamivudine and adefovir, entecavir were found to display almost but not significant superiority to the other NA in improving RFS. No tendency favoring a specific NA regimen was found for OS.ConclusionIn HBV‐HCC patient after curative treatment, NA improve the prognosis significantly but the role of interferon remains to be elucidated; entecavir was not found to be superior to other NA based on available data.
Utilization of community pharmacy space to enhance privacy: a qualitative study
Authors: Hattingh H Laetitia , Emmerton Lynne , Ng Cheong Tin Pascale , Green Catherine 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundCommunity pharmacists require access to consumers’ information about their medicines and health‐related conditions to make informed decisions regarding treatment options. Open communication between consumers and pharmacists is ideal although consumers are only likely to disclose relevant information if they feel that their privacy requirements are being acknowledged and adhered to.ObjectiveThis study sets out to explore community pharmacy privacy practices, experiences and expectations and the utilization of available space to achieve privacy.MethodsQualitative methods were used, comprising a series of face‐to‐face interviews with 25 pharmacists and 55 pharmacy customers in Perth, Western Australia, between June and August 2013.ResultsThe use of private consultation areas for certain services and sensitive discussions was supported by pharmacists and consumers although there was recognition that workflow processes in some pharmacies may need to change to maximize the use of private areas. Pharmacy staff adopted various strategies to overcome privacy obstacles such as taking consumers to a quieter part of the pharmacy, avoiding exposure of sensitive items through packaging, lowering of voices, interacting during pharmacy quiet times and telephoning consumers. Pharmacy staff and consumers regularly had to apply judgement to achieve the required level of privacy.DiscussionManagement of privacy can be challenging in the community pharmacy environment, and on‐going work in this area is important. As community pharmacy practice is increasingly becoming more involved in advanced medication and disease state management services with unique privacy requirements, pharmacies’ layouts and systems to address privacy challenges require a proactive approach.
Public preferences for communicating personal genomic risk information: a focus group study
Authors: Smit Amelia K. , Keogh Louise A. , Hersch Jolyn , Newson Ainsley J. , Butow Phyllis , Williams Gabrielle , Cust Anne E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundPersonalized genomic risk information has the potential to motivate behaviour change and promote population health, but the success of this will depend upon effective risk communication strategies.ObjectiveTo determine preferences for different graphical and written risk communication formats, and the delivery of genomic risk information including the mode of communication and the role of health professionals.DesignFocus groups, transcribed and analysed thematically.ParticipantsThirty‐four participants from the public.MethodsParticipants were provided with, and invited to discuss, a hypothetical scenario giving an individual's personalized genomic risk of melanoma displayed in several graphical formats.ResultsParticipants preferred risk formats that were familiar and easy to understand, such as a ‘double pie chart’ and ‘100 person diagram’ (pictograph). The 100 person diagram was considered persuasive because it humanized and personalized the risk information. People described the pie chart format as resembling bank data and food (such as cake and pizza). Participants thought that email, web‐based platforms and postal mail were viable options for communicating genomic risk information. However, they felt that it was important that a health professional (either a genetic counsellor or ‘informed’ general practitioner) be available for discussion at the time of receiving the risk information, to minimize potential negative emotional responses and misunderstanding. Face‐to‐face or telephone delivery was preferred for delivery of high‐risk results.ConclusionsThese public preferences for communication strategies for genomic risk information will help to guide translation of genome‐based knowledge into improved population health.
Clinicopathological features of inflammatory pseudotumour‐like follicular dendritic cell tumour of the abdomen
Authors: Chen Yanyang , Shi Huijuan , Li Hui , Zhen Tiantian , Han Anjia 
Published: September 2015

AimsInflammatory pseudotumour‐like follicular dendritic cell (FDC) tumour is an extremely rare neoplasm. Herein, we report 10 cases of inflammatory pseudotumour‐like FDC tumours in the abdomen and analyse their clinicopathological features.Methods and resultsSeven patients were male, and three patients were female. The patients' age ranged from 28 years to 68 years (mean age, 52.9 years; median age, 51.5 years). Grossly, the tumour was usually solitary, well circumscribed, and solid, ranging from 23 mm to 233 mm in greatest diameter. Microscopically, the tumour was composed of variable amounts of spindle tumour cells with intense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Unusual morphological findings, including eosinophils focally aggregated in one tumour admixed with multinucleated histiocytes in small clusters, fibrinoid deposits in the walls of ectatic blood vessel with occasional perivascular cuffs of lymphocytes, hyalinized fibrosis, and epithelioid granuloma, were identified. The tumour cells were immunoreactive for CD21, CD23, CD35, smooth muscle actin, and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded latent membrane protein 1 (7/10, 70%). EBV‐encoded small RNA was positive in all cases by in situ hybridization. The recurrence rate was 10% with a median follow‐up of 19 months.ConclusionsInflammatory pseudotumour‐like FDC tumour should be differentiated from inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, Hodgkin lymphoma, interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumour.