bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New redox behavior and electrochemical sensing of anticoagulant rodenticide bromadiolone using low‐cost graphite electrode: An ultrasensitive tool for forensic and environmental analysis
Authors: Conrado Thaylor Teixeira , Pedão Evandro Rodrigo , Ferreira Valdir Souza , da Silva Rodrigo Amorim Bezerra , Petroni Jacqueline Marques , Lucca Bruno Gabriel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of analytical methods for the rapid detection of noxious species in forensic, environmental and biological samples is a global trend. This work reports a new, portable and low‐cost electroanalytical method for the ultrasensitive detection of bromadiolone using pencil graphite electrode (PGE) and square‐wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV). Bromadiolone exhibited an irreversible cathodic peak at around −0.8 V in acid medium (2.5 to 5.5), which was unreported in literature until now. Considering this novel electrochemical behavior, a redox reaction mechanism for bromadiolone reduction on PGE is proposed. The limit of detection (LOD) obtained was 0.50 nmol L−1, which is close or lower than those obtained in some chromatographic methods utilized for analyzing biological samples. This LOD is also below the value recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding analytical methods employed to detect bromadiolone in environmental/biological samples. A linear response was observed in the concentration range from 2.0 to 100.0 nmol L−1. Quantitative assays performed in spiked samples of surface water and synthetic urine suggested good accuracy (recoveries between 93 and 107 %) and great precision (relative standard deviations were ≤3.9 %). Furthermore, the method was successfully applied for the screening of bromadiolone in real forensic samples, which is an approach unexplored in previous works. In this sense, the proposed PGE‐SWAdSV method described here shows great potential for the rapid and sensitive detection of bromadiolone in forensic, biological and environmental fields.
Lessons learned from an internal database built through a CRE lens in the Latine neighborhood of Little Village in Chicago
Authors: Garcia Flores Alisha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnlace Chicago, a nonprofit organization located in the heart of the Little Village community, is a community‐based organization that convenes, organizes, provides programs and services, and builds individual and community capacity to address systemic inequities in the areas of immigration, health, education, and violence prevention. In 2018, Enlace Chicago began to expand its capacity, building an internal evaluation and data team to support organizational data tracking, evaluation, and learning. As Enlace expanded its staff and grant reporting, the organization decided to launch an internal database build to better track data across teams and initiatives. While embarking on this journey, the organization also responded to the COVID‐19 pandemic with shifts in outreach and services. This article is a reflective case example from the perspective of the internal evaluation and data team at Enlace, which includes best practices and lessons learned for building a database within a predominantly Mexican‐American community. Key takeaways include: the evaluation and data team were a critical support for implementing necessary culturally responsive evaluation (CRE) structures and approaches during the database build; CRE considerations for a database and partnership were necessary to uphold culturally relevant data and allow for flexibility with stakeholders; and clear and specific feedback and utilization of information were critical during the database build to support Latine staff and community.
Not About U: Social Dissonance at a Land‐Grab University
Authors: Finlay Fletcher Richard 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMattin's durational concert Social Dissonance and concept of social dissonance offer compelling devices to understand a central tension within institutions of higher education in settler colonial contexts. As faculty and students increasingly enact and experience forms of decolonial pedagogy in their classrooms, the settler colonial origins and structures of the university remain unchallenged. In the specific case of the ‘Land‐Grant’ university system, created through the federal 1862 Morrill Act, the findings of a 2020 ‘Land‐Grab Universities’ report describes the extent of their founding on the forced expropriation of Indigenous land and life. This article mixes the settler author's repeated experiences of Social Dissonance at documenta 14, in both Athens, Greece, and its traditional home of Kassel, Germany, and how its institutional and pedagogical contexts translate to a sequence of teaching experiments in his classrooms at a ‘Land‐Grab’ university. These experiences and experiments are framed by two failures, both institutional and individual, that offer the author a concrete insight into the concept of social dissonance to understand how different levels of alienation operate through colonial intrusion into educational contexts by an exclusionary settler worldview. At the same time, the author attempts to harness this settler colonial noise‐as‐device by attuning to echoes of Social Dissonance in the vital work of living, Indigenous artists, and their alternative pedagogical initiatives.
Epicatechin‐mediated modulation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway alleviates senile cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury
Authors: Jiang Changyue , Zhuge Xiangzhen , Li Deli , Chen Menghua , Hu Wanxiang , Xie Lu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExcessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during cerebral ischemic reperfusion (CIRI) are crucial for subsequent tissue damage. However, despite the potential benefits of antioxidants reported in clinical applications, few have proven effective in treating CIRI, particularly in the elderly. Epicatechin (EC) is a catechol flavonoid monomer derived from natural tea plants. Multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups give it strong antioxidant properties, which can not only degrade ROS through chemical reactions between hydroxyl and ROS but also enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes in cells, and it is easy to penetrate the blood–brain barrier. But its antagonistic effect on age‐related CIRI and potential medicinal value are still unknown. Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the most important transcription factor regulating the expression of antioxidant proteins in the body. This study first compared the pathological differences of the Nrf2 system in CIRI between 2‐month‐old and 12‐month‐old Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Subsequently, EC was administered to 12‐month‐old rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) and senescent SH‐SY5Y cell models subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). EC treatment improved cerebral morphology and function; increased p‐Nrf2, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) expression; reduced infarct volume; and neuronal apoptosis in senescent rats. Moreover, EC enhanced cellular activity and the expression of p‐Nrf2, HO‐1, and quinone oxidoreductase‐1 (NQO‐1) while decreasing ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and mitigating apoptosis in senescent SH‐SY5Y cells. These effects were reversed upon si‐Nrf2. In sum, we confirm that EC exerts neuroprotective effects by upregulating Nrf2/ARE and reducing oxidative stress, suggesting that EC may be a promising drug for the treatment of senile cerebral apoplexy. This study also provides a scientific basis for the development and selection of new drugs for ischemic stroke in elderly patients.
Satellite glial cell manipulation prior to axotomy enhances developing dorsal root ganglion central branch regrowth into the spinal cord
Authors: Brown Robin I. , Barber Heather M. , Kucenas Sarah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS, respectively) exhibit remarkable diversity in the capacity to regenerate following neuronal injury with PNS injuries being much more likely to regenerate than those that occur in the CNS. Glial responses to damage greatly influence the likelihood of regeneration by either promoting or inhibiting axonal regrowth over time. However, despite our understanding of how some glial lineages participate in nerve degeneration and regeneration, less is known about the contributions of peripheral satellite glial cells (SGC) to regeneration failure following central axon branch injury of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons. Here, using in vivo, time‐lapse imaging in larval zebrafish coupled with laser axotomy, we investigate the role of SGCs in axonal regeneration. In our studies we show that SGCs respond to injury by relocating their nuclei to the injury site during the same period that DRG neurons produce new central branch neurites. Laser ablation of SGCs prior to axon injury results in more neurite growth attempts and ultimately a higher rate of successful central axon regrowth, implicating SGCs as inhibitors of regeneration. We also demonstrate that this SGC response is mediated in part by ErbB signaling, as chemical inhibition of this receptor results in reduced SGC motility and enhanced central axon regrowth. These findings provide new insights into SGC‐neuron interactions under injury conditions and how these interactions influence nervous system repair.
Can gray matter loss in early adolescence be explained by white matter growth?
Authors: Chad Jordan A. , Lebel Catherine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA fundamental puzzle about brain development is why the volume of gray matter (GM) apparently declines as white matter (WM) grows when children enter adolescence. Since pruned synapses are too small to affect GM volume, a prevailing theory posits that an expanded distribution of myelin causes the inner edge of the GM to “whiten” while total brain volume remains steady, shifting the MRI‐measured WM:GM boundary closer to the brain's outer surface. This theory inherently predicts that GM volume loss is concurrent with WM volume growth across regions, within sexes and over time, although these predictions have yet to be explicitly tested. In this study, we test these predictions by mapping regional GM and WM volumetric changes in 2333 participants of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study aged 9–14 years who each received three MRI scans 2 years apart. We show that average GM and WM volume changes follow distinct spatial, temporal, and sex‐specific patterns, indicating that GM volume loss is not balanced by WM volume growth, although cortical GM thinning is weakly correlated with WM growth in some regions. We conclude that myelin is not the main source of measured GM volume loss, and we propose alternative candidates.
Soil drainage modulates climate effects to shape seasonal and mean annual water balances across the southeastern United States
Authors: Wang Zeqiang , Berghuijs Wouter R. , Howden Nicholas , Woods Ross 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimatic forcing and landscape properties control catchments' hydrological responses over both seasonal and mean annual timescales. Controls on annual and seasonal water balances are usually studied separately which limits and fragments understanding of catchment behaviour. Establishing process controls on hydrological responses that act across multiple time scales could better unify hydrological theory. Here, we use streamflow and climate data from 56 catchments in the Ozarks and Appalachian regions (US) to test how climate (aridity index) and soil drainage together shape seasonal and mean annual water balances for these humid, snow‐free catchments with little precipitation seasonality. We calibrate a simple conceptual model to observed seasonal streamflow and obtain an effective parameter that summarizes the nonlinearity of drainage of soil moisture to groundwater. Our comparative analysis of catchments in the Ozarks and the Appalachian regions indicates that catchments in the more humid climates have lower streamflow seasonality and higher mean annual flow, irrespective of the nonlinearity of soil drainage. In contrast, in relatively drier climates, more nonlinear soil drainage increases the seasonality of streamflow and reduces mean annual flow. Additional testing across 204 humid catchments with little precipitation seasonality and snowfall in the Southeastern United States further supports our hypothesis that soil drainage nonlinearity significantly modulates seasonal and mean annual water balances. These results reveal how soil drainage nonlinearity provides a process interpretation that connects seasonal and annual water balances and highlights the importance of nonlinearity of soil drainage in hydrological modelling.
A Hybrid Deep Spatiotemporal Attention‐Based Model for Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis Using Resting State EEG Signals
Authors: Delfan Niloufar , Shahsavari Mohammadreza , Hussain Sadiq , Damaševičius Robertas , Acharya U. Rajendra 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTParkinson's disease (PD), a severe and progressive neurological illness, affects millions of individuals worldwide. For effective treatment and management of PD, an accurate and early diagnosis is crucial. This study presents a deep learning‐based model for the diagnosis of PD using a resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. The objective of the study is to develop an automated model that can extract complex hidden nonlinear features from EEG and demonstrate its generalizability on unseen data. The model is designed using a hybrid model, consisting of a convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional gated recurrent unit (Bi‐GRU), and attention mechanism. The proposed method is evaluated on three public datasets (UC San Diego, PRED‐CT, and University of Iowa [UI] dataset), with one dataset used for training and the other two for evaluation. The proposed model demonstrated remarkable performance, attaining high accuracy scores of 99.4%, 84%, and 73.2% using UC San Diego, PRED‐CT, and UI datasets, respectively. These results justify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model across diverse datasets, highlighting its potential for versatile applications in data analysis and prediction tasks. Our proposed hybrid spatiotemporal attention‐based model has been developed with 10‐fold cross‐validation (CV) for UC San Diego dataset and 10‐fold CV and leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV) strategies for PRED‐CT and UI datasets. Our results indicate that the proposed PD detection system is accurate and robust. The developed prototype can be used for other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and so forth.
Reconstruction of Cardiac Cine MRI Using Motion‐Guided Deformable Alignment and Multi‐Resolution Fusion
Authors: Han Xiaoxiang , Chen Yang , Liu Qiaohong , Liu Yiman , Chen Keyan , Lin Yuanjie , Zhang Weikun 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTCardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the important means to assess cardiac functions and vascular abnormalities. Mitigating artifacts arising during image reconstruction and accelerating cardiac cine MRI acquisition to obtain high‐quality images is important. A novel end‐to‐end deep learning network is developed to improve cardiac cine MRI reconstruction. First, a U‐Net is adopted to obtain the initial reconstructed images in k‐space. Further to remove the motion artifacts, the motion‐guided deformable alignment (MGDA) module with second‐order bidirectional propagation is introduced to align the adjacent cine MRI frames by maximizing spatial–temporal information to alleviate motion artifacts. Finally, the multi‐resolution fusion (MRF) module is designed to correct the blur and artifacts generated from alignment operation and obtain the last high‐quality reconstructed cardiac images. At an 8× acceleration rate, the numerical measurements on the ACDC dataset are structural similarity index (SSIM) of 78.40% ± 4.57%, peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) of 30.46 ± 1.22 dB, and normalized mean squared error (NMSE) of 0.0468 ± 0.0075. On the ACMRI dataset, the results are SSIM of 87.65% ± 4.20%, PSNR of 30.04 ± 1.18 dB, and NMSE of 0.0473 ± 0.0072. The proposed method exhibits high‐quality results with richer details and fewer artifacts for cardiac cine MRI reconstruction on different accelerations.
Red blood cell derived nanocarrier drug delivery system: A promising strategy for tumor therapy
Authors: Wang Xin , Mao Kuirong , Zhang Xiaonan , Zhang Yuning , Yang Yong‐Guang , Sun Tianmeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNano drug delivery systems have been widely used in tumor therapy. Researchers have been devoted to exploring novel nano‐carriers to prolong circulation time biocompatibility and tumor targeting efficiency in vivo. Erythrocyte membranes as bionic nano‐drug delivery systems have attracted more attention recently. There are abundant red blood cells (RBCs) in circulation, which are natural carriers for nanomaterial delivery. There are mainly two strategies to use RBCs as nanomaterial carriers: RBC‐hitchhiking and bionic nanomaterial coated with erythrocyte membrane loading with drugs. Although nano‐carrier based on RBCs have yielded some progress, the mechanism of mutual effect between nanoparticles and RBCs is still unclear. Here, we review the effects of nanoparticles on RBCs (morphology and function, etc) and application of RBCs membrane as nano‐drug delivery carriers in tumor therapy.
Integrating pharmacogenomic results in the electronic health record to facilitate precision medicine at a large multisite health system
Authors: Morris Sarah A. , Nguyen D. Grace , Morris Victoria , Mroz Kaitlyn , Kwange Simeon O. , Patel Jai N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPharmacogenomics (PGx) results can potentially guide the prescribing of dozens of medications; however, use of such results is often limited by the prescriber's awareness of results and knowledge of drug–gene interactions. Integration of PGx results with corresponding clinical decision support (CDS) in the electronic health record (EHR) is critical to facilitate genotype‐guided medication prescribing among all clinicians in an integrated health system. We describe our experience with developing an infrastructure to house PGx results and ensure actionable findings can be used at the point of care in real time using CDS. Upon transitioning to a new EHR, PGx‐related CDS alerts for more than 50 medications were developed using a systematic and multidisciplinary process where clinical pharmacist input was key. Multiple strategies were required to enable the storage of PGx results as discrete data from any laboratory source to drive CDS. EHR features were leveraged to link results from external laboratories to CDS and a homegrown translational software platform was developed to integrate results from the in‐house genomics laboratory directly into the EHR. These processes enabled PGx result integration for 2342 patients. As an example, among 356 patients who were genotyped for CYP2C19 to guide voriconazole dosing as part of a standard protocol in bone marrow transplant, 114 (32%) had CDS alerts for medications other than voriconazole presented to a clinician. For 50 of these patients, alerts were presented to a clinician of a different specialty who likely was not aware the patient had PGx results. Clinical pharmacists at institutions performing PGx testing are encouraged to champion the integration of PGx results and CDS in the EHR to maximize clinician awareness and evidence‐based use of PGx results.
Biopharmaceutical beamline TLS 15A1 for macromolecular crystallography at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
Authors: Chiang Cheng‐Hung , Chou Chung‐Kuang , Tseng Chien‐Chang , Chen Yi‐Hui , Liu Yi‐Chun , Huang Chen‐Ying , Chao Chun‐Hsiung , Huang Chun‐Hsiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSynchrotron protein crystallography (PX) remains an indispensable tool for uncovering the atomic structures of biomolecules. TLS 15A1, operated by the protein diffraction group of NSRRC, has been accessible to both academic and industrial users since January 2013. This beamline is energy‐tunable within a range between 5.6 and 15.5 keV, which is suitable for phasing experiments. Over the past 11 years, TLS 15A1 has supported 657 projects and facilitated 1523 experiments across 41,656 h of beamtime. This article describes the beamline layout, studies of factors influencing data quality, and significant scientific contributions.
Fostamatinib for immune thrombocytopenic purpura in adult patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kou Roger , Zhao Lucy , Tham Daniel , Principato Rachael , Schünemann Giovanna , Mannan Aqib , Crowther Mark 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immune disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia. Fostamatinib is an orally administered spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor intended to treat refractory ITP. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fostamatinib as a subsequent‐line therapy for ITP in adults. We searched four electronic databases for primary studies of any design. Primary efficacy outcomes included proportions of patients achieving overall (≥30 × 109 cells/L), partial (≥50 × 109 cells/L), and stable (as defined in original studies) platelet response. Safety outcomes included rescue medication use and other adverse events. We used narrative synthesis and Mantel–Haenszel random effect meta‐analysis to summarize results. Our systematic review included 11 studies for analyses (n = 722). Weighted mean proportions of patients achieving overall, partial, and stable responses with fostamatinib treatment were 0.70 [0.62, 0.76], 0.48 [0.36, 0.61], and 0.28 [0.16, 0.44], respectively. Fostamatinib was favored over placebo for partial (relative risk [RR] = 3.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.53, 6.06]) and stable (RR = 6.43, 95% CI [1.58, 26.23]) responses. Patients on fostamatinib required less rescue medication and were more likely to experience hypertension. Fostamatinib is a viable subsequent‐line therapy option for refractory ITP. Given the heterogeneous data and large number of small studies, these results should be interpreted cautiously.
Fatal drug reaction to andexanet alfa: a case report
Authors: Buka Richard J. , Krishna Mamidipudi T. , Sutton David J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAndexanet alfa is a recombinant, modified factor Xa (FXa) molecule that is used for the reversal of the anticoagulant effect of oral anti‐FXa anticoagulants in patients with major haemorrhage. Here, we present a case of an 85‐year‐old man taking rivaroxaban for atrial fibrillation, who presented with an acute, upper gastrointestinal bleed. He was stabilised with red cell transfusion and then received a 400 mg bolus of andexanet alfa. Within minutes of this, he developed chest tightness, shortness of breath, ischaemic electrocardiographic changes and then cardiac arrest from which he could not be resuscitated. The onset of symptoms was clearly temporally related to andexanet alfa administration and the differential diagnosis includes anaphylaxis with Kounis syndrome, or myocardial infarction. Although infusion site reactions have been reported and are relatively common, this is to date the first case of a fatal drug reaction andexanet alfa. This knowledge can be factored into physicians’ risk–benefit decisions when treating patients with oral anti‐FXa anticoagulant‐associated major haemorrhage.