bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal feeding practices predict weight gain and obesogenic eating behaviors in young children: a prospective study
Authors: Rodgers Rachel F , Paxton Susan J , Massey Robin , Campbell Karen J , Wertheim Eleanor H , Skouteris Helen , Gibbons Kay 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundMaternal feeding practices have been proposed to play an important role in early child weight gain and obesogenic eating behaviors. However, to date longitudinal investigations in young children exploring these relationships have been lacking. The aim of the present study was to explore prospective relationships between maternal feeding practices, child weight gain and obesogenic eating behaviors in 2-year-old children. The competing hypothesis that child eating behaviors predict changes in maternal feeding practices was also examined.MethodsA sample of 323 mother (mean age = 35 years, ± 0.37) and child dyads (mean age = 2.03 years, ± 0.37 at recruitment) were participants. Mothers completed a questionnaire assessing parental feeding practices and child eating behaviors at baseline and again one year later. Child BMI (predominantly objectively measured) was obtained at both time points.ResultsIncreases in child BMIz-scores over the follow-up period were predicted by maternal instrumental feeding practices. Furthermore, restriction, emotional feeding, encouragement to eat, weight-based restriction and fat restriction were associated prospectively with the development of obesogenic eating behaviors in children including emotional eating, tendency to overeat and food approach behaviors (such as enjoyment of food and good appetite). Maternal monitoring, however, predicted decreases in food approach eating behaviors. Partial support was also observed for child eating behaviors predicting maternal feeding practices.ConclusionsMaternal feeding practices play an important role in the development of weight gain and obesogenic eating behaviors in young children and are potential targets for effective prevention interventions aiming to decrease child obesity.
Application and kinetic evaluation of upflow anaerobic biofilm reactor for nitrogen removal from wastewater by Anammox process
Authors: Babaei Ali Akbar , Azadi Roza , Jaafarzadeh Nemat , Alavi Nadali 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The lab-scale upflow anaerobic biofilm reactor was successfully operated for the treatment of synthetic wastewater with high nitrogen load by Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process. During the entire period of operation, the reactor temperature was kept at 35±1°C. The operational strategy consisted of both increasing the ammonium and nitrite concentrations from 60 to 700mgN/L and from 80 to 920 mgN/L, respectively and decreasing the hydraulic retention time from 24 to 6 h, at each step. The highest achieved removal efficiency of ammonium and nitrite were 91 and 93%, respectively. Consequently, due to their acceptable performance for nitrogen removal in previous researches, modified Stover-Kincannon and Grau second-order models were used in this study. According to the experiment results, the model validity testing showed that the Stover-Kincannon model was a little more appropriate for the description of nitrogen removal in the reactor, even though both models gave high correlation coefficients (R2=0.999).
Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in intracerebral hemorrhage-induced inflammation and injury
Authors: Fang Huang , Wang Peng-Fei , Zhou Yu , Wang Yan-Chun , Yang Qing-Wu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common type of fatal stroke, accounting for about 15% to 20% of all strokes. Hemorrhagic strokes are associated with high mortality and morbidity, and increasing evidence shows that innate immune responses and inflammatory injury play a critical role in ICH-induced neurological deficits. However, the signaling pathways involved in ICH-induced inflammatory responses remain elusive. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) belongs to a large family of pattern recognition receptors that play a key role in innate immunity and inflammatory responses. In this review, we summarize recent findings concerning the involvement of TLR4 signaling in ICH-induced inflammation and brain injury. We discuss the key mechanisms associated with TLR4 signaling in ICH and explore the potential for therapeutic intervention by targeting TLR4 signaling.
A clinical study of the effects of lead poisoning on the intelligence and neurobehavioral abilities of children
Authors: Hou Shuangxing , Yuan Lianfang , Jin Pengpeng , Ding Bojun , Qin Na , Li Li , Liu Xuedong , Wu Zhongliang , Zhao Gang , Deng Yanchun 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Lead is a heavy metal and important environmental toxicant and nerve poison that can destruction many functions of the nervous system. Lead poisoning is a medical condition caused by increased levels of lead in the body. Lead interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many organs and issues, including the central nervous system. It interferes with the development of the nervous system, and is therefore particularly toxic to children, causing potentially permanent neural and cognitive impairments. In this study, we investigated the relationship between lead poisoning and the intellectual and neurobehavioral capabilities of children.

Methods
The background characteristics of the research subjects were collected by questionnaire survey. Blood lead levels were detected by differential potentiometric stripping analysis (DPSA). Intelligence was assessed using the Gesell Developmental Scale. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to evaluate each child’s behavior.

Results
Blood lead levels were significantly negatively correlated with the developmental quotients of adaptive behavior, gross motor performance, fine motor performance, language development, and individual social behavior (P < 0.01). Compared with healthy children, more children with lead poisoning had abnormal behaviors, especially social withdrawal, depression, and atypical body movements, aggressions and destruction.

Conclusion
Lead poisoning has adverse effects on the behavior and mental development of 2–4-year-old children, prescribing positive and effective precautionary measures.
Dragon exploration system on marine sponge compounds interactions
Authors: Sagar Sunil , Kaur Mandeep , Radovanovic Aleksandar , Bajic Vladimir B 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Natural products are considered a rich source of new chemical structures that may lead to the therapeutic agents in all major disease areas. About 50% of the drugs introduced in the market in the last 20 years were natural products/derivatives or natural products mimics, which clearly shows the influence of natural products in drug discovery.

Results
In an effort to further support the research in this field, we have developed an integrative knowledge base on Marine Sponge Compounds Interactions (Dragon Exploration System on Marine Sponge Compounds Interactions - DESMSCI) as a web resource. This knowledge base provides information about the associations of the sponge compounds with different biological concepts such as human genes or proteins, diseases, as well as pathways, based on the literature information available in PubMed and information deposited in several other databases. As such, DESMSCI is aimed as a research support resource for problems on the utilization of marine sponge compounds. DESMSCI allows visualization of relationships between different chemical compounds and biological concepts through textual and tabular views, graphs and relational networks. In addition, DESMSCI has built in hypotheses discovery module that generates potentially new/interesting associations among different biomedical concepts. We also present a case study derived from the hypotheses generated by DESMSCI which provides a possible novel mode of action for variolins in Alzheimer’s disease.

Conclusion
DESMSCI is the first publicly available (http://www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/desmsci) comprehensive resource where users can explore information, compiled by text- and data-mining approaches, on biological and chemical data related to sponge compounds.
L'Ordo Naturalis des causes primordiales. La transformation érigénienne de la doctrine dionysienne des noms divins
Authors: Gersh Stephen , Stéphany Cédric 
Published: February 2013

Résumé Dans les livres I et II du Periphyseon , Érigène évoque les « causes primordiales » (correspondant à la deuxième division de la Nature ) sans spécifier d’ordre de priorité entre elles. Une réponse à une question posée par l’ Alumnus à ce sujet remédie à cette omission dans les premières pages du livre III. Érigène se place initialement sous l’autorité de Denys et argue du fait que, dès lors que les noms divins du De Divinis Nominibus correspondent à ses propres « causes primordiales », il est permis d’adopter l’ordre du traité dionysien. Toutefois, Érigène passe rapidement à la démonstration rationnelle. Il expose alors quelques-uns des principes constitutifs de l’ordonnancement des causes primordiales. Dans cette section de l’exposé, il est fait un usage intensif de l’analogie de la sphère géométrique afin de soutenir la conclusion surprenante selon laquelle il n’est d’ordre perceptible ni au début ni à la fin de la procession des causes dans les existants créés. La plausibilité d’une telle conclusion tient aux aspects théophanique, non discursif et idéaliste de la théorie d’Érigène. Le théologien irlandais expose ensuite un cas spécifique de l’ordonnancement des causes primordiales et fait valoir que la cause primordiale de la Bonté précède la cause primordiale de l’Être. L’ Alumnus se montre satisfait de l’explication de son maître et procède à la synthèse de ce qu’il a appris, quoique certains aspects de son résumé suggèrent qu’il est passé à côté de quelques-uns des traits les plus subtils de la théorie. Un post-scriptum traite brièvement de la question de savoir si des réminiscences de la Consolation de la Philosophie de Boèce ne sont pas à l’œuvre dans cette théorie érigénienne.
L'esprit Philosophique
Authors: Ruyer Raymond 
Published: February 2013

Résumé Dans cette conférence prononcée en 1941, Ruyer dévoile la teneur de la démarche philosophique, qui consiste à s’intéresser « à tout », c’est-à-dire à se mettre à l’école des savoirs positifs, et à s’intéresser « au Tout », c’est-à-dire à élaborer la métaphysique qui correspond à ces savoirs et qui se retrouve en réalité en tout acte et en tout être.
Ruyer et la grande chaîne de l'être
Authors: Colonna Fabrice 
Published: February 2013

Résumé Il est aisé de repérer dans la pensée de Ruyer la réactivation d’un motif philosophique ancien, celui de la « grande chaîne de l’être », dont Arthur Lovejoy avait donné une étude mémorable. On étudie ici comment un certain nombre de faits scientifiques contemporains, aussi bien dans la physique que dans la biologie, ainsi que la réflexion de Ruyer en théologie rationnelle, sont venus justifier sa réécriture.
L'individualité « cellophane » et la personne
Authors: Conrad André 
Published: February 2013

Résumé La physique panpsychiste de Ruyer est fondée sur deux arguments : la science, par méthode, ne peut que méconnaître les formes, ne connaît que les structures, et toute réalité ne peut être qu’en se possédant activement, c’est-à-dire comme domaine, ou subjectivité, ou présence. La critique décisive du parallélisme psycho-physique montre que la philosophie de l’esprit, ou le fameux mind-body problem , n’est qu’un catalogue de faux problèmes (par exemple: y a-t-il une causalité mentale ? une interaction entre l’âme et le corps ?). Mais, s’agissant de la personne humaine, le spiritualisme ruyérien continue la tradition empiriste ( cf. W. James) en faisant du « je » un point de perspective mythique et provisoire. Le « je » émerge pragmatiquement de la présence, ne la constitue pas et disparaît avec elle. Peut-on opposer à ce spiritualisme sans sujet personnel un « je » distant et séparé de la seule présence ? À distance par là même de l’activité qui, au lieu de la substance, est la catégorie fondamentale de l’ontologie ruyérienne.
Le Dieu cartésien : quinze années d'études (1996-2011)
Authors: Arbib Dan 
Published: February 2013

Résumé On présente une revue organisée et commentée des études cartésiennes des quinze dernières années sur la question de Dieu. Sont repérées deux constantes méthodologiques : la contextualisation dans une longue durée, du Moyen Âge à Kant ; l’affaiblissement du cadre interprétatif heideggerien. Quatre grands thèmes sont distingués : les rapports théologie/métaphysique ; la création des vérités éternelles ; les attributs et les noms divins ; la question de l’appartenance de Descartes à la métaphysique. On relève enfin deux aspects très peu étudiés : l’investigation phénoménologique, le lien entre métaphysique et morale.
Le thème de la conversion dans la profondeur analytique de l’« entre-deux »
Authors: Sassi Asma 
Published: February 2013

La notion de conversion est omniprésente dans les études socio-historiques consacrées au soufisme, courant mystique de l’islam, dans le monde occidental. A tel point que le terme figure en permanence dans nos propres notes de recherche sur la genèse des mouvements soufis en Europe occidentale au début du XXe siècle. Pourtant, sa mention dans les archives des groupes étudiés est rare et parfois volontairement décriée ou dissimulée. Comment expliquer le caractère systématique de son usage ? Loin de n’être qu’une erreur d’approche, l’analyse de phénomènes de conversions peut au contraire affiner la manière de concevoir la notion d’entre-deux qui met en rapport deux univers : l’islam et l’Occident.
When, where, how and why does learners’ autonomy increase unemployment among school graduates? A peer tutor’s perspective
Authors: Arikpo Abam , Ajayi Omoogun , Richard Orim 
Published: February 2013

Ordinarily, peer tutoring, which is the ability of a class or school mate to assess and respond by explanation and application to the difficulty of another class or school mate or mates over a given subject matter vis –a –vis an implicit job situation could be seen a solution to unemployment. There has also been incidence of unemployment arising from, the explicability and generalizability of the peer-tutors access, equity, improvement in attitude, skill, and knowledge quality, relevance and diversification of delivery methods. The paper is a discussion of resolution and causes of graduate unemployment that could emanate from peer tutoring.
More greenhouse gases needed to explain warm Archean Earth
Authors: Schultz Colin 
Published: February 2013

Figure 1 During the Archean eon, from 3.8 to 2.5 billion years ago, life on Earth was thriving for the first time, growing in a world with much less land and a faster planetary rotation than today. At the same time, the energy flowing to the early Earth from the Sun was just three quarters of what it is now. Despite the drastically lower levels of solar irradiance, previous research has suggested that the Archean Earth was not a planet encased in ice but instead remained a watery world. To explain this seeming inconsistency, a dilemma known as the “faint young Sun paradox,” researchers have suggested that the planetary greenhouse effect must have been much more potent than today. Previous research suggested that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels would need to have had a partial pressure of approximately 0.06 bar, equivalent to an atmospheric concentration 200 times that of the pre‐Industrial modern era.
Identifizierung der Zielproteine bioaktiver Verbindungen: Die Suche nach der Nadel im Heuhaufen
Authors: Ziegler Slava , Pries Verena , Hedberg Christian , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDie Identifizierung und Validierung von Zielmolekülen biologisch aktiver niedermolekularer Verbindungen ist ein äußerst wichtiger, oft maßgebender Schritt in der akademischen und pharmazeutischen Forschung. Dank der Entwicklung und der Verfügbarkeit diverser neuer experimenteller Verfahren ist die Identifizierung von Zielmolekülen prinzipiell realisierbar, und die Anzahl der erfolgreichen Beispiele wächst stetig. Allerdings ist bislang keine generische, breit anwendbare Methodik etabliert worden. Dieser Aufsatz fasst die gängigen Methoden zur Identifizierung der Zielmoleküle niedermolekularer Substanzen in erster Linie für Chemiker, aber auch für Biologen zusammen, die z. B. den molekularen Angriffspunkt (Target) einer bestimmten biologisch aktiven Substanz finden wollen. Wir beschreiben die am häufigsten eingesetzten experimentellen Ansätze zur Zielprotein‐Identifizierung und geben repräsentative Beispiele, die den neuesten Stand der Forschung demonstrieren. Von den derzeit verfügbaren Methoden werden die Affinitätsisolierung von Proteinen mittels geeigneter Affinitätssonden (pull down) und die anschließende massenspektrometrische Analyse der angereicherten Proteine am häufigsten eingesetzt. Um eine Anleitung für einen schnellen Einstieg in dieses Feld zu geben, beschreiben wir basierend auf unseren eigenen Erfahrungen einen typischen Ablauf der Zielprotein‐Identifizierung, der auf dem Einsatz der chemischen Proteomik als Schlüsselschritt für die Formulierung einer Hypothese für potentielle Zielproteine beruht.
125 Years of Chemistry in the Mirror of “Angewandte”
Authors: Diederich François 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis Review investigates the development of Angewandte Chemie since the founding of the journal in 1887 and analyzes how its content reflects the changes in chemical research over these 125 years. Although Angewandte Chemie was originally founded as a journal for applied (“angewandte”)—technical and analytical—chemistry, numerous review articles and abstracts published even in its first 50 years enable the milestones in chemical research in a much broader sense to be traced nicely. With the introduction of the International Edition in 1962, the author base, which had until then been primarily limited to German‐speaking countries, became increasingly international, and the journal experienced impressive growth. Today, with its attractive layout, successful mix of articles, and high impact factor, Angewandte Chemie covers chemical research around the world in its full breadth, with its many achievements and future challenges.
A novel mechanism of exfoliation and physical properties of PU/organoclay nanocomposites
Authors: Bae Soo Bin , Kim Chang Kee , Kim Youn Cheol , Chung In Jae 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe novel mechanism of exfoliation of silicate was investigated. Exfoliation and intercalation was achieved even at 15 wt % in the polyurethane (PU) matrix via in situ polymerization. Through using IR consumption graph of curing agent, crosslinking equation could be derived. The diffusion rate of curing agent, Isophorone diisocyanate, brought the different morphologies as well as crosslinking densities of nanocomposites. Dodecylamine, the organifier having similar hydrogen‐bonding component with Isophorone diisocyanate than octadecylamine, affected the faster diffusion of isophorone diisocyanate in hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene/organoclay composite. This phenomenon was confirmed by DSC graph, XRD, SAXS, and TEM images. The nanocomposites showed high physical properties until at 10 wt % clay. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The tribological properties of benzoxazine‐bismaleimides composites with functionalized nano‐SiO2
Authors: Yan Hong‐Xia , Jia Yuan , Li Mei‐Li , Li Ting‐Ting 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTo improve the tribological properties of benzoxazine (BOZ) resin, bismaleimides (BMI) resin is chosen as organic phase, hyperbranched polysilane functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles (HBPSi‐SiO2) are chosen as inorganic modifiers to prepare HBPSi‐SiO2/BOZ‐BMI composites using high shear and ultrasonic processes. The effect of content of HBPSi‐SiO2 on the mechanical properties and tribological properties of the composites are investigated. The results show that suitable addition of HBPSi‐SiO2 can largely enhance the impact strength, reduce the friction coefficient, and wear rate of BOZ‐BMI resin. Scanning electron microscopy is employed to research the wearing mechanism of materials. The severe wear of the BOZ pure resin is owing to fatigue wear, and the moderate wear of BOZ‐BMI resin is attributed to adhesive wear. While, the mild wear of the composites with HBPSi‐SiO2 is due to abrasive wear. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Multilayered mouse preosteoblast MC3T3‐E1 sheets harvested from temperature‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylamide) grafted culture surface for cell sheet engineering
Authors: Wong‐In Sopita , KhanhThuyen Nguyen Thi , Siriwatwechakul Wanwipa , Viravaidya‐Pasuwat Kwanchanok 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA novel temperature‐responsive tissue culture surface was prepared using ultraviolet irradiation to graft poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylamide) (PNIAM‐co‐AM) onto commercial tissue culture surfaces. The physical properties of the grafted surfaces were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, and Atomic Force Microscopy. The grafted surface was also tested and shown to be nontoxic using mouse preosteoblast MC3T3‐E1 cells. The cells grew as successfully on the grafted surface as those on ungrafted surface. When the temperature was reduced from 37 to 10°C for 30 min, followed by 20°C for 60 min, the confluent cells could be detached as a continuous sheet. A histological examination showed that the harvested cell sheet preserved tight junctions and extracellular matrix proteins, allowing the sheet to adhere to other cell sheets as multilayers. The resulting multilayered sheets were in good condition, as indicated by the LIVE/DEAD stain. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Conformational diversity and ligand tunnels of mammalian cytochrome P450s
Authors: Yu Xiaofeng , Cojocaru Vlad , Wade Rebecca C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe mammalian cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play important roles in drug metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and xenobiotic degradation. The active site of CYPs is buried in the protein and thus the ligands have to enter and exit the active site via ligand tunnels. Conformational changes of flexible parts of the protein usually accompany the entrance and exit of ligands. Comparison of the crystal structures of mammalian CYPs in closed, open, and partially open states reveals that the greatest conformational diversity associated with ligand tunnel opening is in the regions of the B–C and F–G loops. Some CYPs have been observed to adopt different open and closed conformations when bound to different ligands, suggesting that the ligand entrance and exit routes might differ according to the ligand properties. Mammalian CYPs are mostly membrane‐bound enzymes, making them difficult to characterize structurally and dynamically. A range of molecular dynamics simulation techniques has been applied to investigate the dynamics and the ligand tunnels of these proteins both in the aqueous environment, and more recently, in lipid bilayers. These simulations not only reveal multiple tunnels through which ligands can pass but also show that different tunnels are preferred by different ligands and that the lipid bilayer can influence the protein dynamics and tunnel opening. The results indicate that not only the active site but also the ligand tunnels can contribute to the different substrate specificity profiles of the mammalian CYPs.