bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Multifaceted Introversion and Sensory Processing Sensitivity on Solitude‐Seeking Behavior
Authors: Thomas Virginia , Nelson Paul A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe state of solitude may be desirable and beneficial particularly for individuals who are highly sensitive and introverted.MethodsTo test these predictions, we surveyed a nationally representative US sample of 301 adults and a sample of 99 undergraduates on their levels of sensory processing sensitivity and assessed introversion with the Big Five Inventory and the multifaceted STAR Introversion Scale. Participants then reported the frequency and duration of their volitional solitude, stress levels, and subjective well‐being across 10 consecutive days.ResultsResults revealed that Social Introversion and sensitivity significantly predicted higher motivations for solitude, both self‐determined and not. Thinking Introversion also predicted higher self‐determined solitude, but BFI introversion showed no relationship with either motivation. Social Introversion and sensitivity predicted higher frequency of solitude in daily life and longer duration of solitary episodes; BFI Introversion and Restrained Introversion showed the opposite pattern for both outcomes. Finally, stress was positively associated with daily solitude frequency, and in turn, solitude frequency was negatively associated with same‐day well‐being; there were no interaction effects with personality traits.DiscussionThese findings suggest that introversion, as measured by the STAR Introversion Scale, and sensitivity contribute significantly to solitary motivation; however, solitude appears to be sought after by people in times of stress regardless of their scores on these traits.
We are doing it wrong: Putting homology before phylogeny in cyanobacterial taxonomy
Authors: Villanueva Chelsea D. , Bohunická Markéta , Johansen Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rapid expansion of whole genome sequencing in bacterial taxonomy has revealed deep evolutionary relationships and speciation signals, but assembly methods often miss true nucleotide diversity in the ribosomal operons. Though it lacks sufficient phylogenetic signal at the species level, the 16S ribosomal RNA gene is still much used in bacterial taxonomy. In cyanobacterial taxonomy, comparisons of 16S–23S Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions are used to bridge this information gap. Although ITS rRNA region analyses are routinely being used to identify species, researchers often do not identify orthologous operons, which leads to improper comparisons. No method for delineating orthologous operon copies from paralogous ones has been established. A new method for recognizing orthologous ribosomal operons by quantifying the conserved paired nucleotides in a helical domain of the ITS, has been developed. The D1′ Index quantifies differences in the ratio of pyrimidines to purines in paired nucleotide sequences of this helix. Comparing 111 operon sequences from 89 strains ofBrasilonema, four orthologous operon types were identified. Plotting D1′ Index values against the length of helices produced clear separation of orthologs. Most orthologous operons in this study were observed both with and without tRNA genes present. We hypothesize that genomic rearrangement, not gene duplication, is responsible for the variation among orthologs. This new method will allow cyanobacterial taxonomists to utilize ITS rRNA region data more correctly, preventing erroneous taxonomic hypotheses. Moreover, this work could assist genomicists in identifying and preserving evident sequence variability in ribosomal operons, which is an important proxy for evolution in prokaryotes.
Prevalence and distribution of carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales in companion animals: A nationwide study in the United States using commercial laboratory data
Authors: Sobkowich Kurtis , Poljak Zvonimir , Weese J. Scott , Plum Andy , Szlosek Donald , Bernardo Theresa M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCarbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are a concern in both human and animal medicine globally. Despite extensive research in humans, limited data exist on CRE in companion animals, with a lack of nationwide prevalence estimates.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo assess the occurrence and trends of CRE in cats and dogs across the United States by analyzing 4 years of commercial antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) data.AnimalsBetween 2019 and 2022, 477 426 ASTs were conducted on Enterobacterales isolates against imipenem. Isolates were derived from 379 598 dogs and 97 828 cats. Animal origin was not disclosed.MethodsIn this retrospective study, antimicrobial susceptibility test data from IDEXX Laboratories were analyzed. Analysis included resistance estimations to imipenem stratified by sampling site, an assessment of resistance patterns over time and location, and the application of space‐time cluster analysis to identify potential outbreaks. Antibiograms were produced for carbapenem‐resistant isolates.ResultsSusceptibility to imipenem was high, at 98.86%. Temporal analysis indicated stability in susceptibility, with an unexplained reduction in susceptible isolates in June 2019. Spatial analysis identified 2 high‐risk clusters along the Western Coast (relative risk [RR]: 23.26; P < .001) and in Texas (RR: 10.72; P < .001) in that month. Three other clusters were found, in Missouri (RR: 39.55; P = .038), Florida (RR: 4.53; P < .001), and New York (RR: 9.20; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCRE are present at a low prevalence in dogs and cats across the United States. Variations in prevalence across patient‐level and environmental factors highlight the need for tailored stewardship programs.
Meiofaunal Dynamics in Oceanic Islands: Insights From Spatial Distribution, Substrate Influence and Connectivity
Authors: Torres‐Martínez Adrián , Riera Rodrigo 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThere is an apparent contradiction between the sedentary lifestyle and direct development of meiofaunal organisms and their widely observed distribution. This study is situated within the theoretical framework of ecological connectivity, metacommunities, and the impact of substrate type, particularly in the unique context of oceanic islands, offering a crucial perspective to unravel the complexities of meiofaunal dispersal and connectivity. We here studied the spatial distribution of meiofauna on natural and artificial beaches of an oceanic island, that is, Gran Canaria (Canary Is., NE Atlantic Ocean). The results revealed higher abundance and richness of meiofauna on artificial substrates compared to natural ones, with nematodes, copepods, and annelids being the dominant groups. The meiofaunal community composition differed significantly between natural and artificial beaches, suggesting colonisation of artificial beaches by natural beach communities. Notably, certain species were exclusively found on artificial beaches. The study highlighted the importance of substrate type in influencing meiofaunal composition, with artificial beaches providing new ecological niches and resources for meiofauna. The dissimilarity between beaches was attributed to morphospecies exclusive to either artificial or natural substrates, emphasising the role of dispersal mechanisms. These findings contribute to understanding the metacommunity dynamics of meiofauna in oceanic islands and call for further research on dispersal potential and biogeography.
Glass ceiling, sticky floor, or both? Public and private sector differences in Türkiye
Authors: Rios‐Avila Fernando , Özekin Ayça , Komuryakan Fulden 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study examines the glass ceiling and sticky floor phenomena within the contexts of both the public and private sectors in Türkiye, while exploring sector‐specific differences. To do this, we use a recentered influence function‐based decomposition method to analyze data from the Household Labor Force Statistics spanning from 2014 to 2021. Our findings suggest that the sticky floor effect emerges as more prominent in the private sector, contrasting with the public sector where the glass ceiling effect holds greater sway. Additionally, our analysis reveals that gender discrimination appears to be more prevalent in the private sector, although it exhibits an increasing trend in the public sector. The evidence suggests a need for further research on the gender wage gap in Türkiye, especially within the context of the glass ceiling and sticky floor effects. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering a comprehensive examination of these phenomena in both public and private sectors, leveraging the availability of recent data and advancements in methodologies.
Automated acoustic event‐based monitoring of prestressing tendons breakage in concrete bridges
Authors: Farhadi Sasan , Corrado Mauro , Ventura Giulio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrestressing wire breakage induced by corrosion is hazardous, especially for concrete structures subjected to severe aging factors, such as bridges. Developing an automated monitoring system for such a damage event is therefore essential for ensuring structural integrity and preventing catastrophic failures. In line with this target, a supervised deep learning–based approach is proposed to detect and classify acoustic emissions released by prestressing wire breakage. The application of advanced signal processing techniques is central to this study to determine optimal model performance and accurately detect patterns of various events. Diverse pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures are explored and further enhanced by incorporating Bottleneck Attention Mechanisms to refine their performance capabilities. Additionally, a novel hybrid model, AcousticNet, tailored for acoustic event classification in the context of structural health monitoring, is developed. The models are trained and validated using an extensive data set collected from controlled laboratory experiments and in situ bridge monitoring scenarios, ensuring comprehensive adaptability and generalizability. The comprehensive analysis highlights that the Xception model, enhanced with a bottleneck module, and AcousticNet significantly outperform other models in capturing intricate patterns within acoustic signals. Integrating advanced CNN architectures with signal processing methods marks a substantial advancement in the automated monitoring of prestressed concrete bridges.
Prediction of stratified ground consolidation via a physics‐informed neural network utilizing short‐term excess pore water pressure monitoring data
Authors: Gong Weibing , Zuo Linlong , Li Lin , Wang Hui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPredicting stratified ground consolidation effectively remains a challenge in geotechnical engineering, especially when it comes to quickly and dependably determining the coefficient of consolidation () for each soil layer. This difficulty primarily stems from the time‐intensive nature of the consolidation process and the challenges in efficiently simulating this process in laboratory settings and using numerical methods. Nevertheless, the consolidation of stratified ground is crucial because it governs ground settlement, affecting the safety and serviceability of structures situated on or in such ground. In this study, an innovative method utilizing a physics‐informed neural network (PINN) is introduced to predict stratified ground consolidation, relying solely on short‐term excess pore water pressure (PWP) data collected by monitoring sensors. The proposed PINN framework identifies from the limited PWP data set and subsequently utilizes the identified to predict the long‐term consolidation process of stratified ground. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated through its application to a case study involving two‐layer ground consolidation, with comparisons made to an existing PINN method and a laboratory consolidation test. The results of the case study demonstrate the applicability of the proposed PINN method to both forward and inverse consolidation problems. Specifically, the method accurately predicts the long‐term dissipation of excess PWP when is known (i.e., the forward problem). It successfully identifies the unknown with only 0.05‐year monitoring data comprising 10 data points and predicts the dissipation of excess PWP at 1‐year, 10‐year, 15‐year, and even up to 30‐year intervals using the identified (i.e., the inverse problem). Moreover, the investigation into optimal PWP monitoring sensor layouts reveals that installing sensors in areas with significant variations in excess PWP enhances the prediction accuracy of the proposed PINN method. The results underscore the potential of leveraging PINNs in conjunction with PWP monitoring sensors to effectively predict stratified ground consolidation.
The potential for an increasing threat of unseasonal temperature cycles to dormant plants
Authors: Kovaleski Al P. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryTwo functional responses largely guide woody plants' survival to winter conditions: cold hardiness and dormancy. Dormancy affects budbreak timing based on chill accumulation. Effects of warming on dormancy may appear time‐shifted: fall and winter warming events decrease chill accumulation, delaying budbreak observed in spring. The same warming events also affect cold hardiness dynamics, having immediate implications. As cold deacclimation rates increase with dormancy progression, the same amount of warming has greater damage risk the later it occurs in the season, depending on return of low temperatures. Should frequency of erratic weather increase with climate change, more instances of risk are expected. However, understanding how plants fare through seasons now and in future climates still requires better knowledge of winter physiology.
Interoceptive training with real‐time haptic versus visual heartbeat feedback
Authors: Dobrushina Olga , Tamim Yossi , Wald Iddo Yehoshua , Maimon Amber , Amedi Amir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe perception of signals from within the body, known as interoception, is increasingly recognized as a prerequisite for physical and mental health. This study is dedicated to the development of effective technological approaches for enhancing interoceptive abilities. We provide evidence of the effectiveness and practical feasibility of a novel real‐time haptic heartbeat supplementation technology combining principles of biofeedback and sensory augmentation. In a randomized controlled study, we applied the developed naturalistic haptic feedback on a group of 30 adults, while another group of 30 adults received more traditional real‐time visual heartbeat feedback. A single session of haptic, but not visual heartbeat feedback resulted in increased interoceptive accuracy and confidence, as measured by the heart rate discrimination task, and in a shift of attention toward the body. Participants rated the developed technology as more helpful and pleasant than the visual feedback, thus indicating high user satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of matching sensory characteristics of the feedback provided to the natural bodily prototype. Our work suggests that real‐time haptic feedback might be a superior approach for strengthening the mind–body connection in interventions for physical and mental health.
Seed color patterns in domesticated common bean are regulated by MYB‐bHLH‐WD40 transcription factors and temperature
Authors: Parker Travis , Bolt Tayah , Williams Troy , Penmetsa R. Varma , Mulube Mwiinga , Celebioglu Burcu , Palkovic Antonia , Jochua Celestina Nhagupana , del Mar Rubio Wilhelmi Maria , Lo Sassoum , Bornhorst Gail , Tian Li , Kamfwa Kelvin , Farmer Andrew , Diepenbrock Christine , Gepts Paul 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYSeed colors and color patterns are critical for the survival of wild plants and the consumer appeal of crops. In common bean, a major global staple, these patterns are also essential in determining market classes, yet the genetic and environmental control of many pigmentation patterns remains unresolved. In this study, we genetically mapped variation for several important seed pattern loci, including T, Bip, phbw, and Z, which co‐segregated with candidate genes PvTTG1, PvMYC1, PvTT8, and PvTT2, respectively. Proteins encoded by these genes are predicted to work together in MYB‐bHLH‐WD40 (MBW) complexes, propagating flavonoid biosynthesis across the seed coat as observed in Arabidopsis. Whole‐genome sequencing of 37 accessions identified mutations, including seven unique parallel mutations in T (PvTTG1) and non‐synonymous SNPs in highly conserved residues in bipana (PvMYC1) and z (PvTT2). A 612 bp intron deletion in phbw (PvTT8) eliminated motifs conserved since the Papilionoideae origin and corresponded to a 20‐fold reduction in transcript abundance. In multi‐location field trials of seven varieties with partial seed coat pigmentation patterning, the pigmented seed coat area correlated positively with ambient temperature, with up to 11‐fold increases in the pigmented area from the coolest to the warmest environments. In controlled growth chamber conditions, an increase of 4°C was sufficient to cause pigmentation on an average additional 21% of the seed coat area. Our results shed light on key steps of flavonoid biosynthesis in common bean. They will inform breeding efforts for seed coat color/patterning to improve consumer appeal in this nutritious staple crop.
Interference with glutamate antiporter system xc− enables post‐hypoxic long‐term potentiation in hippocampus
Authors: Heit Bradley S. , Chu Alex , McRay Alyssa , Richmond Janet E. , Heckman Charles J. , Larson John 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOur group previously showed that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the cystine/glutamate antiporter, system xc−, mitigates excitotoxicity after anoxia by increasing latency to anoxic depolarization, thus attenuating the ischaemic core. Hypoxia, however, which prevails in the ischaemic penumbra, is a condition where neurotransmission is altered, but excitotoxicity is not triggered. The present study employed mild hypoxia to further probe ischaemia‐induced changes in neuronal responsiveness from wild‐type and xCT KO (xCT−/−) mice. Synaptic transmission was monitored in hippocampal slices from both genotypes before, during and after a hypoxic episode. Although wild‐type and xCT−/− slices showed equal suppression of synaptic transmission during hypoxia, mutant slices exhibited a persistent potentiation upon re‐oxygenation, an effect we termed ‘post‐hypoxic long‐term potentiation (LTP)’. Blocking synaptic suppression during hypoxia by antagonizing adenosine A1 receptors did not preclude post‐hypoxic LTP. Further examination of the induction and expression mechanisms of this plasticity revealed that post‐hypoxic LTP was driven by NMDA receptor activation, as well as increased calcium influx, with no change in paired‐pulse facilitation. Hence, the observed phenomenon engaged similar mechanisms as classical LTP. This was a remarkable finding as theta‐burst stimulation‐induced LTP was equivalent between genotypes. Importantly, post‐hypoxic LTP was generated in wild‐type slices pretreated with system xc− inhibitor, S‐4‐carboxyphenylglycine, thereby confirming the antiporter's role in this phenomenon. Collectively, these data indicate that system xc− interference enables neuroplasticity in response to mild hypoxia, and, together with its regulation of cellular damage in the ischaemic core, suggest a role for the antiporter in post‐ischaemic recovery of the penumbra.
Modeling Fatigue Failure of Cartilage and Fibrous Biological Tissues Using Constrained Reactive Mixture Theory
Authors: Zimmerman Brandon K. , Maas Steve A. , Weiss Jeffrey A. , Ateshian Gerard A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Fatigue failure in biological soft tissues plays a critical role in the etiology of chronic soft tissue injuries and diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Understanding failure mechanisms is hindered by the decades-long timescales over which damage takes place. Analyzing the factors contributing to fatigue failure requires the help of validated computational models developed for soft tissues. This study presents a framework for fatigue failure of fibrous biological tissues based on reaction kinetics, where the composition of intact and fatigued material regions can evolve via degradation and breakage over time, in response to energy-based fatigue and damage criteria. Using reactive constrained mixture theory, material region mass fractions are governed by the axiom of mass balance. Progression of fatigue is controlled by an energy-based reaction rate, with user-selected probability functions defining the damage propensity of intact and fatigued material regions. Verification of this reactive theory, which is implemented in the open-source FEBio finite element software, is provided in this study. Validation is also demonstrated against experimental data, showing that predicted damage can be linked to results from biochemical assays. The framework is also applied to study fatigue failure during frictional contact of cartilage. Simulating previous experiments suggests that frictional effects slightly increase fatigue progression, but the main driver is cyclic compressive contact loading. This study demonstrated the ability of theoretical models to complement and extend experimental findings, advancing our understanding of the time progression of fatigue in biological tissues.
Sobolev-Type Nonlinear (k,ψ)−Hilfer Fractional Differential Equations With Control: Approximate Controllability Exploration
Authors: Mourad Kerboua , Ichrak Bouacida , Sami Segni 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the approximate controllability of Sobolev-type (k,ψ)−Hilfer fractional differential equations (FDEs) with control and Sobolev-type (k,ψ)−Hilfer fractional initial conditions in Hilbert spaces. By means of two operators kSψα,β, kTψα and the k−probability density function, the definition of mild solutions for the studied problem was given. Then, via (k,ψ)−Hilfer fractional derivative and by combining the techniques of fractional calculus and the fixed point theorem, we analyzed the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions. With the help of a Cauchy sequence and approximate techniques, we established some sufficient conditions for the approximate controllability of the proposed control system. Finally, an example is presented for the demonstration of obtained results.