bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E Supplementation, Superoxide Dismutase Status, and Outcome of Scaling and Root Planing in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Singh Neha , Chander Narula Satish , Kumar Sharma Rajinder , Tewari Shikha , Kumar Sehgal Paramjeet 
Published: May 2013

Background: This study investigates the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum and saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). In addition, the outcome of scaling and root planing (SRP) with and without vitamin E supplementation is evaluated in terms of changes in periodontal parameters and SOD activity in patients with CP.Methods: Serum and salivary SOD activity in 38 patients with CP were compared with those of 22 systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (control group). At periodontal examination, serum and saliva samples were obtained. Patients with CP were randomly divided into treatment groups 1 (TG‐1) and 2 (TG‐2). SRP was performed for both groups, and TG‐2 also received 200 mg (300 IU) vitamin E every other day. Periodontal parameters and SOD activity were evaluated after 3 months. SOD activity was determined using an SOD assay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay reader at 450 nm.Results: SOD activity in both serum (P <0.05) and saliva (P <0.001) was lower in patients with CP compared with controls. After 3 months of follow‐up, SOD activity improved in both treatment groups; however, the improvement in TG‐2 was higher than in TG‐1, along with more improvement in periodontal parameters. Serum SOD levels in TG‐2 increased even above the level of the control group.Conclusions: Systemic and local SOD levels are lowered in CP. Adjunctive vitamin E supplementation improves periodontal healing as well as antioxidant defense.
Antibiotic Resistance in Human Chronic Periodontitis Microbiota
Authors: Rams Thomas E. , Degener John E. , van Winkelhoff Arie J. 
Published: May 2013

Background: Patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) may yield multiple species of putative periodontal bacterial pathogens that vary in their antibiotic drug susceptibility. This study determines the occurrence of in vitro antibiotic resistance among selected subgingival periodontal pathogens in patients with CP.Methods: Subgingival biofilm specimens from inflamed deep periodontal pockets were removed before treatment from 400 adults with CP in the United States. The samples were cultured, and selected periodontal pathogens were tested in vitro for susceptibility to amoxicillin at 8 mg/L, clindamycin at 4 mg/L, doxycycline at 4 mg/L, and metronidazole at 16 mg/L, with a post hoc combination of data for amoxicillin and metronidazole. Gram‐negative enteric rods/pseudomonads were subjected to ciprofloxacin disk‐diffusion testing.Results: Overall, 74.2% of the patients with CP revealed subgingival periodontal pathogens resistant to at least one of the test antibiotics. One or more test species, most often Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Streptococcus constellatus, or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, were resistant in vitro to doxycycline, amoxicillin, metronidazole, or clindamycin, in 55%, 43.3%, 30.3%, and 26.5% of the patients with CP, respectively. Fifteen percent of patients harbored subgingival periodontal pathogens resistant to both amoxicillin and metronidazole, which were mostly either S. constellatus (45 individuals) or ciprofloxacin‐susceptible strains of Gram‐negative enteric rods/pseudomonads (nine individuals).Conclusions: Patients with CP in the United States frequently yielded subgingival periodontal pathogens resistant in vitro to therapeutic concentrations of antibiotics commonly used in clinical periodontal practice. The wide variability found in periodontal pathogen antibiotic‐resistance patterns should concern clinicians empirically selecting antibiotic treatment regimens for patients with CP.
Intracellular Adhesion Molecule‐1 Is Regulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis Through Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain‐Containing Proteins 1 and 2 Molecules in Periodontal Fibroblasts
Authors: Liu Jianru , Duan Jinyu , Wang Yixiang , Ouyang Xiangying 
Published: May 2013

Background: The mechanism by which Porphyromonas gingivalis regulates intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) expression in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate whether nucleotide binding oligomerization domain‐containing protein (NOD) 1 and NOD2 are involved in this process and the clinical significance of ICAM‐1 in periodontitis.Methods: hPDLCs and hGFs were treated with P. gingivalis, l‐Ala‐γ‐d‐glutamyl‐mesodiaminopimelic acid (an agonist for NOD1), and muramyl dipeptide (an agonist for NOD2). Alternatively, cells transfected with small interfering RNA targeting NOD1and NOD2 were treated with P. gingivalis. ICAM‐1, NOD1, and NOD2 were detected at mRNA and protein levels. In addition, clinical examinations were performed in 30 healthy controls and 40 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) before and after treatment, and serum‐soluble ICAM‐1 (sICAM‐1) levels in these individuals were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: This study shows that P. gingivalis caused an increase in ICAM‐1, NOD1, and NOD2 expression in periodontal fibroblasts. There was a linear correlation between ICAM‐1 and NOD1 and NOD2 levels. Activation of NOD1 and NOD2 by the specific agonist led to the upregulation of ICAM‐1, whereas knocking down NOD1 and NOD2 caused a reduction in P. gingivalis–induced ICAM‐1 production. Furthermore, sICAM‐1 levels were higher in patients with CP than in healthy controls and were positively related to the clinical periodontal parameters. After periodontal treatment, sICAM‐1 levels decreased significantly.Conclusions: The present results indicate that sICAM‐1 levels are correlated to the severity of periodontitis. NOD1 and NOD2 mediate P. gingivalis–induced ICAM‐1 production in periodontal fibroblasts. NOD1 and NOD2 could be considered potential targets for periodontal therapy.
Self-similarity principle: the reduced description of randomness
Authors: Nigmatullin Raoul , Machado José , Menezes Rui 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA new general fitting method based on the Self-Similar (SS) organization of random sequences is presented. The proposed analytical function helps to fit the response of many complex systems when their recorded data form a self-similar curve. The verified SS principle opens new possibilities for the fitting of economical, meteorological and other complex data when the mathematical model is absent but the reduced description in terms of some universal set of the fitting parameters is necessary. This fitting function is verified on economical (price of a commodity versus time) and weather (the Earth’s mean temperature surface data versus time) and for these nontrivial cases it becomes possible to receive a very good fit of initial data set. The general conditions of application of this fitting method describing the response of many complex systems and the forecast possibilities are discussed.
Noether’s theorem for fractional variational problems of variable order
Authors: Odzijewicz Tatiana , Malinowska Agnieszka , Torres Delfim 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe prove a necessary optimality condition of Euler-Lagrange type for fractional variational problems with derivatives of incommensurate variable order. This allows us to state a version of Noether’s theorem without transformation of the independent (time) variable. Considered derivatives of variable order are defined in the sense of Caputo.
Exact solution for the fractional cable equation with nonlocal boundary conditions
Authors: Bazhlekova Emilia , Dimovski Ivan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The fractional cable equation is studied on a bounded space domain. One of the prescribed boundary conditions is of Dirichlet type, the other is of a general form, which includes the case of nonlocal boundary conditions. In real problems nonlocal boundary conditions are prescribed when the data on the boundary can not be measured directly. We apply spectral projection operators to convert the problem to a system of integral equations in any generalized eigenspace. In this way we prove uniqueness of the solution and give an algorithm for constructing the solution in the form of an expansion in terms of the generalized eigenfunctions and three-parameter Mittag-Leffler functions. Explicit representation of the solution is given for the case of double eigenvalues. We consider some examples and as a particular case we recover a recent result. The asymptotic behavior of the solution is also studied.
Riemann-Liouville and Caputo type multiple Erdélyi-Kober operators
Authors: Kiryakova Virginia , Luchko Yuri 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In this paper some generalized operators of Fractional Calculus (FC) are investigated that are useful in modeling various phenomena and systems in the natural and human sciences, including physics, engineering, chemistry, control theory, etc., by means of fractional order (FO) differential equations. We start, as a background, with an overview of the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo derivatives and the Erdélyi-Kober operators. Then the multiple Erdélyi-Kober fractional integrals and derivatives of R-L type of multi-order (δ
1,…,δ
m) are introduced as their generalizations. Further, we define and investigate in detail the Caputotype multiple Erdélyi-Kober derivatives. Several examples and both known and new applications of the FC operators introduced in this paper are discussed. In particular, the hyper-Bessel differential operators of arbitrary order m > 1 are shown as their cases of integer multi-order. The role of the so-called special functions of FC is emphasized both as kernel-functions and solutions of related FO differential equations.
Existence, uniqueness and limit property of solutions to quadratic Erdélyi-Kober type integral equations of fractional order
Authors: Wang JinRong , Zhu Chun , Fečkan Michal 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we apply certain measure of noncompactness and fixed point theorem of Darbo type to derive the existence and limit property of solutions to quadratic Erdélyi-Kober type integral equations of fractional order with three parameters. Moreover, we also present the uniqueness and another existence results of the solutions to the above equations. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.
Numerical solution of fractional differential equations by using fractional B-spline
Authors: Jafari Hossein , Khalique Chaudry , Ramezani Mohammad , Tajadodi Haleh 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we present fractional B-spline collocation method for the numerical solution of fractional differential equations. We consider this method for solving linear fractional differential equations which involve Caputo-type fractional derivatives. The numerical results demonstrate that the method is efficient and quite accurate and it requires relatively less computational work. For this reason one can conclude that this method has advantage on other methods and hence demonstrates the importance of this work.
Lung emphysema treated successfully using volume reduction with lung sealant (AeriSeal®)
Authors: Fei Roger , Falkenstern-Ge  , Ingerl Hermann , Kohlhäufl Martin 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Emphysema is a progressive and irreversible disease for which there is no cure to date. Endoscopic lung volume reduction with valve implantation or using lung sealant is a treatment option for patients with severe emphysema. A 60-year-old ex-smoker (80 pack years) referred to our center because of severe lung emphysema with progressive worsening of the obstructive ventilator pattern and clinical condition. By our patient we detected collateral channels by using the Chartis system®, which allow airflow into the target lobe and prevent atelectasis and significant lung volume reduction. Thus, we decided to treat the advanced emphysema of our patient with endoscopic volume reduction using lung sealant (AeriSeal®). The foam of lung sealant AeriSeal® is instilled into the peripheral airways and alveoli where it polymerizes and functions as tissue glue, forming a film of material on the lung surface that seals the target region to cause durable absorption atelectasis. Over a period of 16 weeks, the air within the sealed region was absorbed. The follow- up evaluation of this patient showed improved lung function (increased FEV 1, and a reduction of TLC and RV) with improved quality of life. Correlation between changes in primary and secondary outcome measures in the lung function parameters and 6- minute-walking test before and after the application of AeriSealant revealed significant reduction of hyperinflation and improvement both in the flow rates and physical capacity of our patient.
Successfully treated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Kumagai Ryo , Ohara Gen , Sato Shinya , Miyazaki Kunihiko , Kagohashi Katsunori , Kurishima Koichi , Satoh Hiroaki 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We report herein a case of diabetic ketoacidosis associated with invasive aspergillosis that was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin-B (L-AMB). Early intervention after confirming the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is very important, and initiating early treatment with L-AMB can lead to a full recovery.
A Novel Technique for Choroidal Fluid Drainage in Uveal Effusion Syndrome
Authors: Matlach Juliane , Nowak Johannes , Göbel Winfried 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Uveal effusion syndrome (UES) is a rare disorder associated with thickening of the choroid and secondary retinal detachment as a possible serious complication. UES occurs in hypermetropic or nanophthalmic eyes or can be idiopathic and is a diagnosis of exclusion. Vortex vein decompression, sclerectomy or sclerotomy, and drainage of choroidal fluid are surgical treatment options.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The authors describe a novel surgical technique for drainage of serous choroidal detachment using a penetrating diathermy probe in two patients with UES. The procedure involves drainage of choroidal fluid by using a penetrating diathermy probe (2 mm tip length) after placing a 20-gauge infusion line in the anterior chamber.

RESULTS:
Choroidal fluid drainage was successful in both patients, with satisfactory outcome on follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
The proposed simple and feasible surgical drainage technique may improve the management of patients with UES.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:274–277.]
Initial Electrical Stimulation Frequency and Cramp Threshold Frequency and Force
Authors: Miller Kevin C. , Knight Kenneth L. 
Published: May 2013

Context
In the electrically induced cramp model, the tibial nerve is stimulated at an initial frequency of 4 Hz with increases in 2-Hz increments until the flexor hallucis brevis cramps. The frequency at which cramping occurs (ie, threshold frequency [TF]) can vary considerably. A potential limitation is that multiple subthreshold stimulations before TF might induce fatigue, which is operationally defined as a decrease in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force, thereby biasing TF.

Objective
To determine if TF is similar when initially stimulated at 4 Hz or 14 Hz and if MVIC force is different among stimulation frequencies or over time (precramp, 1 minute postcramp, and 5 minutes postcramp).

Design
Crossover study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Twenty participants (13 males: age = 20.6 ± 2.9 years, height = 184.4 ± 5.7 cm, mass = 76.3 ± 7.1 kg; 7 females: age = 20.4 ± 3.5 years, height = 166.6 ± 6.0 cm, mass = 62.4 ± 10.0 kg) who were prone to cramps.

Intervention(s)
Participants performed 20 practice MVICs. After a 5-minute rest, three 2-second MVICs were recorded and averaged for the precramp measurement. Participants were stimulated at either 4 Hz or 14 Hz, and the frequency was increased in 2-Hz increments from each initial frequency until cramp. The MVIC force was reevaluated at 1 minute and 5 minutes postcramp.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The TF and MVIC force.

Results
Initial stimulation frequency did not affect TF (4 Hz = 16.2 ± 3.8 Hz, 14 Hz = 17.1 ± 5.0 Hz; t19=1.2, P = .24). Two participants had inaccurate TFs when initially stimulated at 14 Hz; they cramped at 10 and 12 Hz in the 4-Hz condition. The MVIC force did not differ between initial frequencies (F1,19 = 0.9, P = .36) but did differ over time (F2,38 = 5.1, P = .01). Force was lower at 1 minute postcramp (25.1 ± 10.1 N) than at precramp (28.7 ± 7.8 N; P &lt; .05) but returned to baseline at 5 minutes postcramp (26.7 ± 8.9 N; P &gt; .05).

Conclusions
The preferred initial stimulation frequency might be 4 Hz because it did not alter or overestimate TF. The MVIC force was lower at 1 minute postcramp, suggesting the induced cramp rather than the varying electrical frequencies affected force. A 1- to 5-minute rest should be provided postcramp induction if multiple cramps are induced.
Undergraduate Athletic Training Students' Influences on Career Decisions After Graduation
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Gavin Kerri E. , Pitney William A. , Casa Douglas J. , Burton Laura 
Published: May 2013

Context
Career opportunities for athletic training students (ATSs) have increased substantially over the past few years. However, ATSs commonly appear to be opting for a more diversified professional experience after graduation. With the diversity in available options, an understanding of career decision is imperative.

Objective
To use the theoretical framework of socialization to investigate the influential factors behind the postgraduation decisions of senior ATSs.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Web-based management system and telephone interviews.

Patients or Other Participants
Twenty-two ATSs (16 females, 6 males; age = 22 ± 2 years) who graduated in May 2010 from 13 different programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education.

Data Collection and Analysis
All interviews were transcribed verbatim, and the data were analyzed inductively. Data analysis required independent coding by 2 athletic trainers for specific themes. Credibility of the results was confirmed via peer review, methodologic triangulation, and multiple analyst triangulation.

Results
Two higher-order themes emerged from the data analysis: persistence in athletic training (AT) and decision to leave AT. Faculty and clinical instructor support, marketability, and professional growth were supporting themes describing persistence in AT. Shift of interest away from AT, lack of respect for the AT profession, compensation, time commitment, and AT as a stepping stone were themes sustaining the reasons that ATSs leave AT. The aforementioned reasons to leave often were discussed collectively, generating a collective undesirable outlook on the AT profession.

Conclusions
Our results highlight the importance of faculty support, professional growth, and early socialization into AT. Socialization of pre–AT students could alter retention rates by providing in-depth information about the profession before students commit in their undergraduate education and by helping reduce attrition before entrance into the workforce.
The Professional Socialization of Collegiate Female Athletic Trainers: Navigating Experiences of Gender Bias
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Borland John F. , Burton Laura J 
Published: May 2013

ContextFemale athletic trainers (ATs) experience gender discrimination in the workplace due to stereotypical gender roles, but limited information is available regarding the topic.ObjectiveTo understand the challenges and obstacles faced by young female ATs working in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletics.DesignExploratory study using semistructured interviews.SettingDivision I clinical setting.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 14 female ATs were included in the study, using both criterion and snowball- sampling techniques. Their mean age was 27 ± 2 years, with 5 ± 2 years of overall clinical experience. Criteria included employment at the Division I clinical setting, being a full-time assistant AT, and at least 3 years of working experience but no more than 9 years to avoid role continuance.Data Collection and AnalysisAnalysis of the interview data followed inductive procedures as outlined by a grounded theory approach. Credibility was established by member checks, multiple-analyst triangulation, and peer review.ResultsClear communication with both coaches and players about expectations and philosophies regarding medical care, a supportive head AT in terms of clinical competence, and having and serving as a role model were cited as critical tools to alleviate gender bias in the workplace.ConclusionsThe female ATs in this study stressed the importance of being assertive with coaches early in the season with regard to the AT's role on the team. They reasoned that these actions brought forth a greater perception of congruity between their roles as ATs and their gender and age. We suggest that female athletic training students seek mentors in their field while they complete their coursework and practicums. The ATs in the current study indicated that a mentor, regardless of sex, helped them feel empowered to navigate the male-centric terrain of athletic departments by encouraging them to be assertive and not second-guess their decisions.
Plasma Potassium Concentration and Content Changes After Banana Ingestion in Exercised Men
Authors: Miller Kevin C. 
Published: May 2013

ContextIndividuals prone to exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) are instructed to eat bananas because of their high potassium (K+) concentration and carbohydrate content and the perception that K+ imbalances and fatigue contribute to the genesis of EAMCs. No data exist about the effect of bananas on plasma K+ concentration ([K+]p) or plasma glucose concentration ([glucose]p) after exercise in the heat.ObjectiveTo determine whether ingesting 0, 1, or 2 servings of bananas after 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise in the heat alters [K+]p or [glucose]p and whether changes in [K+]p result from hypotonic fluid effluxes or K+ ion changes.DesignCrossover study.SettingLaboratory.Patients or Other ParticipantsNine euhydrated men (age = 27 ± 4 years, height = 180.3 ± 8.4 cm, mass = 84.9 ± 26.1 kg, urine specific gravity ≤ 1.006) without EAMCs volunteered.Intervention(s)On 3 separate days, participants completed 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous cycling (temperature = 36.4°C ± 1.1°C, relative humidity = 19.4% ± 2.5%) and then ate 0 g (0 servings), 150 g (1 serving), or 300 g (2 servings) of bananas. Blood samples were collected at −3, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes postingestion.Main Outcome Measure(s)The [K+]p, changes in plasma K+ content, plasma volume changes, and [glucose]p.ResultsThe [K+]p differed between conditions at 60 minutes; 2 servings (4.6 ± 0.3 mmol/L [conventional unit = 4.6 ± 0.3 mEq/L]) was greater than 1 serving (4.5 ± 0.2 mmol/L [conventional unit = 4.5 ± 0.2 mEq/L]) and 0 servings (4.4 ± 0.3 mmol/L [conventional unit = 4.4 ± 0.3 mEq/L]) (P &lt; .05). The [K+]p was greater at 60 minutes than at −3 and 5 minutes in the 1-serving condition and was greater at 30 and 60 minutes than at −3 and 5 minutes in the 2-servings condition (P &lt; .05). Percentage change in K+ content was greater only at 30 and 60 minutes postingestion than at baseline in the 2-servings condition (4.4% ± 3.7% and 5.8% ± 2.3% increase, respectively) (P &lt; .05). The plasma volume changes among conditions were unremarkable. The [glucose]p was greater in the 2-servings condition than in all other conditions at 15, 30, and 60 minutes (P &lt; .05).ConclusionsThe effect of banana ingestion on EAMCs is unknown; however, these data suggested bananas are unlikely to relieve EAMCs by increasing extracellular [K+] or [glucose]p. The increases in [K+]p were marginal and within normal clinical values. The changes in [K+]p, plasma K+ content, and [glucose]p do not occur quickly enough to treat acute EAMCs, especially if they develop near the end of competition.