bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plastic deformation behavior of polypropylene sheet with transversal orientation
Authors: Phulkerd Panitha , Hagihara Hiroki , Nobukawa Shogo , Uchiyama Yohei , Yamaguchi Masayuki 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe deformation behavior of a polypropylene (PP) sheet, in which c‐axis of β‐form PP orients perpendicular to the flow direction in the sheet [transverse direction (TD)], is studied focusing on the mechanical anisotropy. The deformation mechanism of this sample is found to be strongly dependent on the stretching direction. Shear yielding is dominant in TD stretching, indicating that reorganization and phase transformation of crystalline form occur easily with low yield stress. On the contrary, in machine direction (MD) stretching, numerous microvoids appear with the transformation of crystalline form as well as the rotation of c‐axis. Moreover, the crazing process, initiated at the orientation defects, occurs locally with remaining undeformed region in which β‐form PP orients to TD. The deformation behavior is applicable to a microporous film. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 897–906
Cancer‐related self‐efficacy following a consultation with an oncologist
Authors: Nielsen Berit Kjærside , Mehlsen Mimi , Jensen Anders Bonde , Zachariae Robert 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveWhen receiving a cancer diagnosis, patients are often faced with psychological distress and loss of control. As a result, their psychological well‐being may be influenced by their perceived ability to cope with disease‐related and treatment‐related challenges. Research indicates that the patient–oncologist relationship may have an impact on patients' self‐efficacy. The aim was to examine predictors of self‐efficacy following a consultation in an oncology outpatient clinic and the predictors of change.MethodsA total of 226 patients (mean age: 61 years, 40% male) attending an oncology outpatient clinic completed questionnaires before and after a consultation including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, two domain‐specific self‐efficacy scales measuring coping self‐efficacy and decision self‐efficacy, the Physician–Patient Relationship Inventory, and the Information Satisfaction Questionnaire.ResultsWhile most patients experienced an increase in self‐efficacy following the consultation, some patients experienced lower self‐efficacy post‐consultation. In the multivariate analysis, depressive symptoms emerged as a relatively strong predictor of both coping self‐efficacy and decision self‐efficacy, whereas marital status was a significant predictor of coping self‐efficacy, and satisfaction with information significantly predicted decision self‐efficacy. No significant associations were found between self‐efficacy and the patients' ratings of the physician–patient relationship.ConclusionDepression seems to be a potential risk factor for lower cancer‐related self‐efficacy, following an oncologist consultation. By identifying patients who exhibit symptoms of depression, health professionals can increase their attention on empowering these patients. Furthermore, our results suggest that patients' experience of self‐efficacy depends on what particular challenges they have to overcome. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence and risk of mood disorders in patients with breast cancers in Taiwan: a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Hung Yi‐Ping , Liu Chia‐Jen , Tsai Chia‐Fen , Hung Man‐Hsin , Tzeng Cheng‐Hwai , Liu Chun‐Yu , Chen Tzeng‐Ji 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess the incidence and risk of mood disorders, including major depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorders, in Taiwanese patients after the diagnosis of breast cancer compared with a matched cohort.MethodsFrom January 2000 to December 2005, 26,629 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients were enrolled by the Taiwan National Health Insurance program database. The control cohort was selected randomly from 1,000,000 National Health Insurance beneficiaries from a population of 21,400,826 enrolled throughout Taiwan. Each patient was matched with one subject without breast cancer by age, sex, and presence of comorbidities with the same diagnosis index date. The diagnosis of mood disorders was defined by compatible International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification codes plus the prescription of antidepressants for at least 30 days.ResultsThe overall incidence rate ratio of mood disorders was 1.33 (95% CI 1.28–1.39, p < 0.001) in the breast cancer cohort compared with the matched cohort. The incidence rate ratios for specific mood disorders were 2.06 for bipolar disorder (95% CI 1.37–3.15 p = 0.0003), 1.94 for major depressive disorder (95% CI 1.76–2.13 p < 0.001), and 1.22 for anxiety (95% CI 1.16–1.27 p < 0.001). Independent risk factors for developing mood disorders included breast cancer, as well as age, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, autoimmune disease, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease.ConclusionsBreast cancer is a prominent risk factor for mood disorders, including major depressive disorder, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. The impact is most potent in the first year after diagnosis. Psychological support is a critical issue in these patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Selection of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Salts of 5,5′‐Bis(1‐hydroxytetrazole) in Pyrotechnic Compositions
Authors: Fischer Niko , Klapötke Thomas M. , Marchner Stefan , Rusan Magdalena , Scheutzow Susanne , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe dilithium (1), disodium (2), dipotassium (3) and dicesium (4) salt as well as the calcium (5), strontium (6) and barium (7) salt of 5,5′‐bis(1‐hydroxytetrazole) were prepared and characterized including NMR‐, IR‐ and Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The crystal structures of 1, 2 and 4–6 were additionally determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The sensitivities of the salts towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge were determined by means of BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung‐ und prüfung) methods. The potential use of 1, 6 and 7 as coloring agents in pyrotechnical mixtures as well as the utilization of 3 and 4 as additives in near infrared (NIR) emitting pyrotechnical formulations was examined.
A threshold for the Maker‐Breaker clique game
Authors: Müller Tobias , Stojaković Miloš 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe study the Maker‐Breaker k‐clique game played on the edge set of the random graph G(n, p). In this game, two players, Maker and Breaker, alternately claim unclaimed edges of G(n, p), until all the edges are claimed. Maker wins if he claims all the edges of a k‐clique; Breaker wins otherwise. We determine that the threshold for the graph property that Maker can win this game is at , for all k > 3, thus proving a conjecture from Ref. [Stojaković and Szabó, Random Struct Algor 26 (2005), 204–223]. More precisely, we conclude that there exist constants such that when the game is Maker's win a.a.s., and when it is Breaker's win a.a.s.For the triangle game, when k = 3, we give a more precise result, describing the hitting time of Maker's win in the random graph process. We show that, with high probability, Maker can win the triangle game exactly at the time when a copy of K5 with one edge removed appears in the random graph process. As a consequence, we are able to give an expression for the limiting probability of Maker's win in the triangle game played on the edge set of G(n, p). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 45, 318–341, 2014
Cyclodextrin Insulation Prevents Static Quenching of Conjugated Polymer Fluorescence at the Single Molecule Level
Authors: Thomsson Daniel , Camacho Rafael , Tian Yuxi , Yadav Dheerendra , Sforazzini Giuseppe , Anderson Harry L. , Scheblykin Ivan G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractConjugated polymers (CPs) are promising materials for fluorescence imaging application. However, a significant problem in this field is the unexplained abnormally low fluorescence brightness (or number of fluorescence photons detected per one excitation photon) exhibited by most of CP single chains in solid polymer hosts. Here it is shown that this detrimental effect can be fully avoided for short chains of polyfluorene‐bis‐vinylphenylene (PFBV) embedded in a host polymer matrix of PMMA, if the conjugated backbone is insulated by cyclodextrin rings to form a polyrotaxane (PFBV‐Rtx). Fluorescence kinetics and quantum yields are measured for the polymers in liquid solutions, pristine films, and solid PMMA blends. The fluorescence brightness of PFBV‐Rtx single chains dispersed in a solid PMMA is very close to that expected for a chain with 100% fluorescence quantum yield, while the unprotected PFBV chains of the same length possess 4 times lower brightness. Despite this, the fluorescence decay kinetics are the same for both polymers, suggesting the presence of static or ultrafast fluorescence quenching in the unprotected polymer. About 80% of an unprotected PFBV chain is estimated to be completely quenched. The hypothesis is that the cyclodextrin rings prevent the quenching by working as ‘bumpers’ reducing the mechanical forces applied by the host polymer to the conjugated backbone and help retaining its conformational freedom. While providing a recipe for making CP fluorescence bright at the single‐molecule level, these results identify a lack of fundamental understanding in the community of the influence of the environment on excited states in conjugated materials.
Fluorescent Magnetic Fe3O4/Rare Earth Colloidal Nanoparticles for Dual‐Modality Imaging
Authors: Zhu Haie , Shang Yalei , Wang Wenhao , Zhou Yingjie , Li Penghui , Yan Kai , Wu Shuilin , Yeung Kelvin W. K. , Xu Zushun , Xu Haibo , Chu Paul K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFluorescent magnetic colloidal nanoparticles (FMCNPs) are produced by a two‐step, seed emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization in the presence of oleic acid and sodium undecylenate‐modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs). The Fe3O4/poly(St‐co‐GMA) nanoparticles are first synthesized as the seed and Eu(AA)3Phen is copolymerized with the remaining St and GMA to form the fluorescent polymer shell in the second step. The uniform core–shell structured FMCNPs with a mean diameter of 120 nm exhibit superparamagnetism with saturation magnetization of 1.92 emu/g. Red luminescence from the FMCNPs is confirmed by the salient fluorescence emission peaks of europium ions at 594 and 619 nm as well as 2‐photon confocal scanning laser microscopy. The in vitro cytotoxicity test conducted using the MTT assay shows good cytocompatibility and the T2 relaxivity of the FMCNPs is 353.86 mM−1S−1 suggesting its potential in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In vivo MRI studies based on a rat model show significantly enhanced T2‐weighted images of the liver after administration and prussian blue staining of the liver tissue slice reveals accumulation of FMCNPs in the organ. The cytocompatibility, superparamagnetism, and excellent fluorescent properties of FMCNPs make them suitable for biological imaging probes in MRI and optical imaging.
Slags in Production of Manganese Alloys
Authors: Ostrovski Oleg , Swinbourne Douglas 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe paper analyses the equilibrium partitioning of manganese and silicon between slag and alloy during the production of high carbon ferromanganese (HC FeMn) and silicomanganese (SiMn) using FACTSage software. The results of this modeling are compared with industrial and experimental data and used to elucidate the nature of the reduction processes. In production of HC FeMn, molten slag co‐exists with a monoxide phase (Ca,Mg,Mn)O in which MnO is the major constituent. Analysis of industrial data shows that slag and monoxide are close to equilibrium, but manganese slag–metal partitioning is far from equilibrium. It is evident that the rate of MnO reduction from the slag is slower than the rate of MnO dissolution into the slag. A previous laboratory study confirmed that MnO reduction from HC FeMn slag is slow and that equilibrium is not reached. In the production of SiMn, the charge consists of manganese ore, ferromanganese slag, quartzite, and fluxes. Excavation of industrial furnaces has revealed the presence of quartzite in the reaction zone, so there are four condensed phases in the reaction zone; molten slag, molten SiMn alloy, quartzite, and coke. FACTSage modeling showed that during the production of SiMn, manganese, and silicon partitioning between the metal and slag is close to equilibrium at 1600°C. The concentration of silica in SiMn slags is much lower than the silica‐saturation value. It can be concluded that the reduction of silica from these slags is faster than the dissolution of quartzite into the slag.
Effect of Salt Tracer Amount on the Mixing Time Measurement in a Hydrodynamic Model of Gas‐Stirred Ladle System
Authors: Chen Chao , Rui Qixuan , Cheng Guoguang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe hydrodynamic modeling method in gas‐stirred ladle system that widely used to measure the mixing time was reconsidered and discussed in this paper. The effect of injected salt tracer amount on the mixing time measurement was investigated. For the mixing time curve, the final concentration increased with the tracer amount increased; also this curve exhibited occasional sharp increasing tendency when a larger amount of tracer was injected. Besides, the obtained mixing time decreased with the tracer amount increased. The error of mixing time measurement was mainly from the tracer concentration fluctuation beyond the criterion range when a much smaller amount of tracer was injected. While the criterion range increased with the tracer amount increased for a certain criterion of mixing. Finally, the tracer selection should be considered combined with the criterion of the definition of mixing. In the present study, the dimensionless tracer amount (defined as the ratio of tracer amount to the water volume in hydrodynamic model) of KCl solution should be larger than 0.2692 × 10−3 or 0.6731 × 10−3 when 5 or 1% criterion was used.
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Behavior of B and Na Through the Contact of B-Doped Silicon with Na2O-SiO2 Slags
Authors: Safarian Jafar , Tranell Gabriella , Tangstad Merete 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Boron (B) is the most problematic impurity to be removed in the processes applied for the production of solar grade silicon. Boron removal from liquid silicon by sodium-silicate slags is experimentally studied and it is indicated that B can be rapidly removed within short reaction times. The B removal rate is higher at higher temperatures and higher Na2O concentrations in the slag. Based on the experimental results and thermodynamic calculations, it is proposed that B removal from silicon phase takes place through its oxidation at the slag/Si interfacial area by Na2O and that the oxidized B is further gasified from the slag through the formation of sodium metaborate (Na2B2O4) at the slag/gas interfacial area. The overall rate of B removal is mainly controlled by these two chemical reactions. However, it is further proposed that the B removal rate from silicon depends on the mass transport of Na in the system. Sodium is transferred from slag to the molten silicon through the silicothermic reduction of Na2O at the slag/Si interface and it simultaneously evaporates at the Si/gas interfacial area. This causes a Na concentration rise in silicon and its further decline after reaching a maximum. A major part of the Na loss from the slag is due to its carbothermic reduction and formation of Na gas.
Dynamics of Change in Chile: Explaining the Emergence of the 2006PingüinoMovement
Authors: DONOSO SOFIA 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFocusing on the first large-scale protests in Chile after the reinstatement of democracy in 1990, this article examines the emergence of the 2006Pingüinomovement and shows how it succeeded in mobilising thousands of secondary school students against the neoliberal education model. It argues that several distinct but intertwined dimensions explain the movement's emergence. In 2006, secondary school student groups merged to form a single organisation and adopted a horizontal and participatory decision-making mechanism. At the same time, shortcomings in the education reforms of the 1980s and 1990s were revealed in terms of quality and equity, creating grievances that were fed into the movement's collective action frame. Finally, President Bachelet's rhetoric of a ‘government of citizens’ as an attempt to counteract the elitist nature of the Concertación's governance formula signified an opening of the structure of political opportunities that the students knew to take advantage of.
Program Obesity Zero (POZ) – a community-based intervention to address overweight primary-school children from five Portuguese municipalities
Authors: Rito Ana Isabel , Carvalho Maria Ana , Ramos Carlos , Breda João 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveResults of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative indicated that on average one out of four primary-school children is overweight or obese. Portugal presented one of the highest prevalences of obesity. Childhood obesity prevention and treatment should be a top priority. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Program Obesity Zero (POZ), a multi-component, community-, family- and school-based childhood obesity intervention.DesignParents and children attended four individual nutrition and physical activity counselling sessions, a one-day healthy cooking workshop and two school extracurricular sessions of nutrition education. Waist circumference, BMI, physical activity level, sedentary behaviours, and nutrition and physical activity knowledge, attitudes and behaviour were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. Diet was assessed using two 24 h recalls, at baseline and at 6 months.SettingFive Portuguese municipalities and local communities.SubjectsTwo hundred and sixty-six overweight children (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) aged 6–10 years, from low-income families in five Portuguese municipalities, were assigned to the intervention.ResultsChildren showed reductions in waist circumference (−2·0 cm; P < 0·0001), mean BMI (−0·7 kg/m2; P < 0·0001) and BMI-for-age percentile (−1·7; P < 0·0001) at 6 months. Overall, children's intake of fruit and vegetables was <400 g/d throughout the intervention. After 6 months, higher fibre consumption and an apparent decrease in sugary soft drinks intake to a quarter of that observed at baseline (mean intake: 198 ml/d at baseline), with improvements in physical activity levels and screen time <2 h/d, were also observed.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that POZ is a promising intervention programme, at municipality level, to tackle childhood overweight and obesity.
Neural tube defects in Latin America and the impact of fortification: a literature review
Authors: Rosenthal Jorge , Casas Jessica , Taren Douglas , Alverson Clinton J , Flores Alina , Frias Jaime 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveData on the prevalence of birth defects and neural tube defects (NTD) in Latin America are limited. The present review summarizes NTD prevalence and time trends in Latin American countries and compares pre- and post-fortification periods to assess the impact of folic acid fortification in these countries.DesignWe carried out a literature review of studies and institutional reports published between 1990 and 2010 that contained information on NTD prevalence in Latin America.ResultsNTD prevalence in Latin American countries varied from 0·2 to 9·6 per 1000 live births and was influenced by methods of ascertainment. Time trends from Bogota, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala City, Mexico and Puerto Rico showed average annual declines of 2·5 % to 21·8 %. Pre- and post-fortification comparisons were available for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico and Mexico. The aggregate percentage decline in NTD prevalence ranged from 33 % to 59 %.ConclusionsThe present publication is the first to review data on time trends and the impact of folic acid fortification on NTD prevalence in Latin America. Reported NTD prevalence varied markedly by geographic region and in some areas of Latin America was among the lowest in the world, while in other areas it was among the highest. For countries with available information, time trends showed significant declines in NTD prevalence and these declines were greater in countries where folic acid fortification of staples reached the majority of the population at risk, such as Chile and Costa Rica.
Neighbourhood and consumer food environment is associated with dietary intake among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants in Fayette County, Kentucky
Authors: Gustafson Alison , Lewis Sarah , Perkins Sarah , Wilson Corey , Buckner Elizabeth , Vail Ann 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the association between dietary outcomes and the neighbourhood food environment (street network distance from home to stores) and consumer food environment (Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey-Stores (NEMS-S) audit).DesignThe neighbourhood food environment was captured by creating 0·5-mile and 1-mile network distance (street distance) around each participant's home and the nearest food venue (convenience store, grocery store, supermarket, farmers' market and produce stand). The consumer food environment was captured by conducting NEMS-S in all grocery stores/supermarkets within 0·5 and 1 mile of participants’ homes.SettingFayette County, KY, USA.SubjectsSupplemental Nutrition Assessment Program (SNAP) participants, n 147.ResultsSNAP participants who lived within 0·5 mile of at least one farmers’ market/produce stand had higher odds of consuming one serving or more of vegetables (OR = 6·92; 95 % CI 4·09, 11·69), five servings or more of grains (OR = 1·76; 95 % CI 1·01, 3·05) and one serving or more of milk (OR = 3·79; 95 % CI 2·14, 6·71) on a daily basis. SNAP participants who lived within 0·5 mile of stores receiving a high score on the NEMS-S audit reported higher odds of consuming at least one serving of vegetables daily (OR = 3·07; 95 % CI 1·78, 5·31).ConclusionsTaken together, both the neighbourhood food environment and the consumer food environment are associated with a healthy dietary intake among SNAP participants.