bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new authentication protocol for healthcare applications using wireless medical sensor networks with user anonymity
Authors: Li Xiong , Niu Jianwei , Kumari Saru , Liao Junguo , Liang Wei , Khan Muhammad Khurram 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWith the development and maturation of the wireless communication technologies, the wireless sensor networks have been widely applied in different environments to acquire specific information. The wireless medical sensor networks (WMSNs), as a professional application of the wireless sensor networks in medicine, have attracted more and more attention because of its potential in improving the quality of healthcare services. Through the WMSNs, the parameters of patients' vital signs can be gathered from the sensor nodes equipped on the body of the patients and then can be accessed by the healthcare professionals by using a mobile device. By reason of the open feature of wireless communication, how to guarantee secure communication becomes an important issue. On the other hand, because the vital signs parameters are sensitive to the patients' health status and no one wants to reveal it to the others except the healthcare professionals, the protection of patients' privacy becomes another key issue for WMSNs applications. User authentication protocol with anonymity is the most basic and commonly used method to resolve the security and privacy issues of WMSNs. Recently, He et al. proposed an enhanced authentication protocol for healthcare applications using WMSNs to protect the security and privacy problems. However, we find that their scheme is incorrect in authentication and session key agreement phase. Besides, their scheme has no wrong password detection mechanism, which will not only waste the unnecessary computation and communication costs, but also may deduce the denial of service problem. In this paper, the biometric is introduced as the third authentication factor, and a new user anonymous authentication protocol based on WMSNs is designed so as to remove the drawbacks of the protocol of He et al. Compared with previous protocols, the new presented protocol enhances the security and also keeps the computation efficiency. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Herbivory on young tree seedlings in old‐growth and managed mountain forests
Authors: Nopp‐Mayr Ursula , Kempter Iris , Muralt Gerald , Gratzer Georg 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHerbivory of invertebrates and rodents on tree seedlings in Northern temperate forests has been largely underestimated in the past and rarely addressed in studies. There is evidence that masting‐cycles of forest trees and subsequent rodents outbreaks become more frequent, leading to enhanced browsing pressure on forest regeneration. Consequently, studies exploring tree seedling mortality caused by different herbivores are required. We conducted a study on tree seedling losses in the Wilderness Area Dürrenstein, Austria on two old‐growth and one managed forest site. We conducted an exclosure experiment in two subsequent study years, using transplanted two‐month‐old tree seedlings of Picea abies, Abies alba, and Fagus sylvatica. Exclosures allowed access for invertebrates, invertebrates/rodents, and all potential herbivores. We also installed total exclosures, recording seedling losses due to climatic factors or pathogens. We calculated ZINB regressions assuming that seedling losses and seedling survival are distinct processes. Our results did not reveal fully consistent trends for both study years. The factor “treatment”, however, was significant in the ZINBs in both study years. Herbivory was a driving factor for tree regeneration in the studied forests depending on specific conditions in different years or tree species. In 2005, losses in the total exclosures and herbivory of rodents and invertebrates in the other treatments reached comparable extent. Loss rates differed not only in terms of forest management, but also between the two old‐growth forests. This, in connection with different herbivory of different tree species (higher losses of A. alba), strongly suggests the necessity of considering different herbivore guilds as drivers of tree species composition in late successional mountain forests.
Factors associated with poor attendance at the postpartum clinic six weeks after delivery in Cameroon
Authors: Nkwabong Elie , Ilue Elisabeth E. , Bisong Calvin E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo identify reasons why women do not attend the 6‐week postpartum clinic in Cameroon.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional cohort survey was undertaken among women who had delivered at the University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé between November 15 and December 31, 2013. Their medical files were retrieved and reviewed. Women who had not attended the 6‐week postpartum clinic were contacted by telephone 2 months after delivery to establish reasons for non‐attendance.ResultsAmong 120 included women, 85 (70.8%) did not attend the 6‐week postpartum clinic. Compared with women who had attended the 6‐week visit, more women who had not attended the visit had delivered vaginally, had no postpartum complications, and had not been counseled to attend the visit (P < 0.001 for all). The main reason given for not attending this clinic was the feeling of well‐being (n = 36 [42.4%]).ConclusionThe benefits of attending the 6‐week postpartum clinic should be emphasized in Cameroon, especially to women who have experienced uncomplicated vaginal delivery.
Coexistence of persistent left superior vena cava with common inferior pulmonary vein in a patient with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kiuchi Kunihiko , Okajima Katsunori , Takahashi Yu , Yokoi Kiminobu , Shimane Akira 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCoexistence of a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) with a common inferior pulmonary vein (CIPV) is very rare. The electrical assessment of those thoracic veins was performed during the atrial fibrillation ablation.
Partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms with a uniformly compact center foliation: the quotient dynamics
Authors: BOHNET DORIS , BONATTI CHRISTIAN 
Published: February 2015

We show that a partially hyperbolic$C^{1}$-diffeomorphism$f:M\rightarrow M$with a uniformly compact$f$-invariant center foliation${\mathcal{F}}^{c}$is dynamically coherent. Further, the induced homeomorphism$F:M/{\mathcal{F}}^{c}\rightarrow M/{\mathcal{F}}^{c}$on the quotient space of the center foliation has the shadowing property, i.e. for every${\it\epsilon}>0$there exists${\it\delta}>0$such that every${\it\delta}$-pseudo-orbit of center leaves is${\it\epsilon}$-shadowed by an orbit of center leaves. Although the shadowing orbit is not necessarily unique, we prove the density of periodic center leaves inside the chain recurrent set of the quotient dynamics. Other interesting properties of the quotient dynamics are also discussed.
Toeplitz flows and their ordered K-theory
Authors: HØYNES SIRI-MALÉN 
Published: February 2015

To a Toeplitz flow$(X,T)$we associate an ordered$K^{0}$-group, denoted$K^{0}(X,T)$, which is order isomorphic to the$K^{0}$-group of the associated (non-commutative)$C^{\ast }$-crossed product$C(X)\rtimes _{T}\mathbb{Z}$. However,$K^{0}(X,T)$can be defined in purely dynamical terms, and it turns out to be a complete invariant for (strong) orbit equivalence. We characterize the$K^{0}$-groups that arise from Toeplitz flows$(X,T)$as exactly those simple dimension groups$(G,G^{+})$that contain a non-cyclic subgroup$H$of rank one that intersects$G^{+}$non-trivially. Furthermore, the Bratteli diagram realization of$(G,G^{+})$can be chosen to have the ERS property, i.e. the incidence matrices of the Bratteli diagram have equal row sums. We also prove that for any Choquet simplex$K$there exists an uncountable family of pairwise non-orbit equivalent Toeplitz flows$(X,T)$such that the set of$T$-invariant probability measures$M(X,T)$is affinely homeomorphic to$K$, where the entropy$h(T)$may be prescribed beforehand. Furthermore, the analogous result is true if we substitute strong orbit equivalence for orbit equivalence, but in that case we can actually prescribe both the entropy and the maximal equicontinuous factor of$(X,T)$. Finally, we present some interesting concrete examples of dimension groups associated to Toeplitz flows.
Extreme probing of particle motions in turbulence
Authors: Borgas M. S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractExtreme behaviour of fluid and material motions needs to be understood for engineering processes and the behaviour of clouds or plumes of pollution. Applications in the natural environment require scaling of turbulence behaviour and models beyond current computational or laboratory understanding. New computational studies of Biferale et al. (J. Fluid Mech., 2014, vol. 757, pp. 550–572) are probing new regimes of scaling of extreme random events in nature produced by turbulent fluctuations trending towards applications in environmental prediction.
Formation of Prestellar Cores via Non-Isothermal Gas Fragmentation
Authors: Anathpindika S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSheet-like clouds are common in turbulent gas and perhaps form via collisions between turbulent gas flows. Having examined the evolution of an isothermal shocked slab in an earlier contribution, in this work we follow the evolution of a sheet-like cloud confined by (thermal) pressure and gas in it is allowed to cool. The extant purpose of this endeavour is to study the early phases of core-formation. The observed evolution of this cloud supports the conjecture that molecular clouds themselves are three-phase media (comprising viz. a stable cold and warm medium, and a third thermally unstable medium), though it appears, clouds may evolve in this manner irrespective of whether they are gravitationally bound. We report, this sheet fragments initially due to the growth of the thermal instability (TI) and some fragments are elongated, filament-like. Subsequently, relatively large fragments become gravitationally unstable and sub-fragment into smaller cores. The formation of cores appears to be a three stage process: first, growth of the TI leads to rapid fragmentation of the slab; second, relatively small fragments acquire mass via gas-accretion and/or merger and third, sufficiently massive fragments become susceptible to the gravitational instability and sub-fragment to form smaller cores. We investigate typical properties of clumps (and smaller cores) resulting from this fragmentation process. Findings of this work support the suggestion that the weak velocity field usually observed in dense clumps and smaller cores is likely seeded by the growth of dynamic instabilities. Simulations were performed using the smooth particle hydrodynamics algorithm.
Compete or Coordinate? Aid Fragmentation and Lead Donorship
Authors: Steinwand Martin C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDonor proliferation and the fragmentation of aid delivery is an important problem besetting foreign aid policy. Increased donor coordination is widely seen as a fix to this problem. This article explores theoretically and empirically the collective action problems and incentives that donors face when coordinating their actions, based on the distinction between private and public goods properties of aid. I introduce the concept of lead donorship, develop a measure that accounts for the exclusive and long-lasting ties between a lead donor and a recipient country, and show that lead donorship is in long-term decline. I test my theory combining spatial autoregressive (SAR) models, nonparametric model discrimination techniques, and data on aid delivery channels. I recover evidence of collusion in the provision of private goods aid in the presence of a lead donor, and lack of coordination and competition in the absence of a lead donor.
Edge effects without habitat fragmentation? Small mammals and a railway in the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil
Authors: Cerboncini Ricardo A. S. , Roper James J. , Passos Fernando C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEdge effects have been studied extensively in fragmented landscapes, often with conflicting findings. Edge effects may also be important in other situations, such as linear clearings (e.g. along roads, power lines or train tracks). We tested for responses of small mammals to a narrow (c. 10 m) linear clearing created by a railway in the largest area of Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. Only two environmental variables, light intensity and train noise, were greatest at the edge and decreased with distance from the edge. Temperature differed (greater extremes and more variable) only at the edge itself. The few small mammal species that were only rarely captured at the edge resulted in an apparent edge-effect with respect to species richness. The abundance of small mammals, however, was independent of distance from the railway. There was no correlation between resource availability at the tracks and abundance of small mammals. Edge effects were minimal, which suggests that narrow railways (in contrast with roads) in unfragmented landscapes probably do not have a significant impact (if any) on wildlife, as found elsewhere and especially in tropical forests. The use of railways instead of roads is a potential strategy to minimize the effects of traversing important habitats for commercial reasons.
Occurrence ofGiardiaandCryptosporidiumin wild birds in Galicia (Northwest Spain)
Authors: REBOREDO-FERNÁNDEZ AURORA , ARES-MAZÁS ELVIRA , CACCIÒ SIMONE M. , GÓMEZ-COUSO HIPÓLITO 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYFaecal samples were obtained from 433 wild birds being treated in wildlife recovery centres in Galicia (Northwest Spain), between February 2007 and September 2009. The birds belonged to 64 species representing 17 different orders.Giardiacysts andCryptosporidiumoocysts were detected by an immunofluorescence antibody test and identified at the molecular level by established PCR-sequencing methods. The overall prevalence ofGiardiawas 2·1% and that ofCryptosporidium, 8·3%. To our knowledge, this is the first description ofGiardiasp. inTyto albaandCaprimulgus europaeus; and ofCryptosporidiumsp. inApus apus, Athene noctua, C. europaeus, Falco tinnunculus, Morus bassanus, Parabuteo unicinctusandStrix aluco. Furthermore, the first PCR-sequence confirmed detection ofGiardia duodenalisassemblage B in,Buteo buteo, Coturnix coturnixandPica pica; G. duodenalisassemblage D inGarrulus glandarius; andG. duodenalisassemblage F inAnas platyrhynchos; Cryptosporidium parvuminAccipiter nisus, B. buteo, Milvus migrans, Pernis apivorusandP. pica; andCryptosporidium meleagridisinStreptopelia turtur. The study findings demonstrate the wide spread ofGiardiaandCryptosporidiumbetween wild birds.
Ban Gu: copyist, creator and critic
Authors: Loewe Michael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBan Gu's compilation of theHan shumay be seen in the context of a number of intellectual and religious developments. By his time the idea of theTian mingand the theory of theWu xingwere being applied to imperial times. Officials were quoting the sayings of Kongzi to support their arguments, and the writings of distinguished scholars such as Jing Fang, Liu Xiang, Liu Xin and Yang Xiong were well known. The religious controversies that had begun in the reign of Chengdi had died down. The pursuit of scholarship had received a new impetus thanks partly to the discussions held in 79ce. Ban Gu drew somewhat freely on existing literature, being prudent to select material that would not arouse enmity; his sister called on official documents to complete her part of the history. As an innovator Ban Gu introduced chapters on subjects that had not been treated in theShi ji, such as bibliography and the laws. Ready to criticize the actions of officials or the character of an emperor openly, he also contrived to do so implicitly.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale (FATCOD–B) among Italian medical students
Authors: Leombruni Paolo , Loera Barbara , Miniotti Marco , Zizzi Francesca , Castelli Lorys , Torta Riccardo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjective:A steady increase in the number of patients requiring end-of-life care has been observed during the last decades. The assessment of healthcare students' attitudes toward end-of-life care is an important step in their curriculum, as it provides information about their disposition to practice palliative medicine. The Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale (FATCOD–B) was developed to detect such a disposition, but its psychometric properties are yet to be clearly defined.Method:A convenience sample of 608 second-year medical students participated in our study in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 academic years. All participants completed the FATCOD–B. The sample was randomly divided in two subsamples. In the item analysis, reliability (Cronbach's α), internal consistency (item–total correlations), and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were conducted using the first subsample (n= 300). Using the second subsample (n= 308), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using the robust ML method in the Lisrel program.Results:Reliability for all items was 0.699. Item–total correlations, ranging from 0.03 to 0.39, were weak. EFA identified a two-dimensional orthogonal solution, explaining 20% of total variance. CFA upheld the two-dimensional model, but the loadings on the dimensions and their respective indicators were weak and equal to zero for certain items.Significance of Results:The findings of the present study suggest that the FATCOD–B measures a two-dimensional construct and that several items seem in need of revision. Future research oriented toward building a revised version of the scale should pay attention to item ambiguity and take particular care to distinguish among items that concern emotions and beliefs related to end-of-life care, as well as their subjects (e.g., the healthcare provider, the patient, his family).
Toward a model of continuous care: A necessity for caregiving partners
Authors: Masterson Melissa P. , Hurley Karen E. , Zaider Talia , Kissane David W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjective:Caregiving partners constitute a unique group, who provide both physical and emotional care for patients. There has been extensive research conducted on caregivers during either the caregiving or bereavement phase; however, these phases are often treated as separate entities rather than as part of a continuum.Method:In this paper, utilizing relevant literature and clinical observations, we map the emotional journey and lived experience of caregivers moving from disease progression, to the end of life, to the dying process itself, and then through life after the death of a partner. Along this journey, we identify the links between pre-death caregiving and bereavement.Results:Our illustration raises awareness regarding the unmet needs experienced by caregiving partners across the continuum and provides an alternative framework through which clinicians can view this course.Significance:of Results We bolster arguments for improved palliative care services and early interventions with distressed caregiving partners by emphasizing continuity of care both before and after a patient's death.
CONSISTENCY AND THE THEORY OF TRUTH
Authors: HECK RICHARD G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhat is the logical strength of theories of truth? That is: If you take a theory${\cal T}$and add a theory of truth to it, how strong is the resulting theory, as compared to${\cal T}$? Once the question has been properly formulated, the answer turns out to be about as elegant as one could want: At least when${\cal T}$is finitely axiomatized theory, theories of truth act more or less as a kind of abstract consistency statement. To prove this result, however, we have to formulate truth-theories somewhat differently from how they have been and instead follow Tarski in ‘disentangling’ syntactic theories from object theories.
Mechanism of erosion of nanostructured porous silicon drug carriers in neoplastic tissues
Authors: Tzur-Balter Adi , Shatsberg Zohar , Beckerman Margarita , Segal Ester , Artzi Natalie 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNanostructured porous silicon (PSi) is emerging as a promising platform for drug delivery owing to its biocompatibility, degradability and high surface area available for drug loading. The ability to control PSi structure, size and porosity enables programming itsin vivoretention, providing tight control over embedded drug release kinetics. In this work, the relationship between thein vitroandin vivodegradation of PSi under (pre)clinically relevant conditions, using breast cancer mouse model, is defined. We show that PSi undergoes enhanced degradation in diseased environment compared with healthy state, owing to the upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumour vicinity that oxidize the silicon scaffold and catalyse its degradation. We further show that PSi degradationin vitroandin vivocorrelates in healthy and diseased states when ROS-free or ROS-containing media are used, respectively. Our work demonstrates that understanding the governing mechanisms associated with specific tissue microenvironment permits predictive material performance.
Neuropilin 1 is an entry factor that promotes EBV infection of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells
Authors: Wang Hong-Bo , Zhang Hua , Zhang Jing-Ping , Li Yan , Zhao Bo , Feng Guo-Kai , Du Yong , Xiong Dan , Zhong Qian , Liu Wan-Li , Du Huamao , Li Man-Zhi , Huang Wen-Lin , Tsao Sai Wah , Hutt-Fletcher Lindsey , Zeng Yi-Xin , Kieff Elliott , Zeng Mu-Sheng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is implicated as an aetiological factor in B lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The mechanisms of cell-free EBV infection of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells remain elusive. EBV glycoprotein B (gB) is the critical fusion protein for infection of both B and epithelial cells, and determines EBV susceptibility of non-B cells. Here we show that neuropilin 1 (NRP1) directly interacts with EBV gB23–431. Either knockdown of NRP1 or pretreatment of EBV with soluble NRP1 suppresses EBV infection. Upregulation of NRP1 by overexpression or EGF treatment enhances EBV infection. However, NRP2, the homologue of NRP1, impairs EBV infection. EBV enters nasopharyngeal epithelial cells through NRP1-facilitated internalization and fusion, and through macropinocytosis and lipid raft-dependent endocytosis. NRP1 partially mediates EBV-activated EGFR/RAS/ERK signalling, and NRP1-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling promotes EBV infection. Taken together, NRP1 is identified as an EBV entry factor that cooperatively activates RTK signalling, which subsequently promotes EBV infection in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells.
Hiding scattering layers for noninvasive imaging of hidden objects
Authors: Wu Kedi , Cheng Qiluan , Shi Yile , Wang Hui , Wang Guo Ping 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe ability to noninvasive image through turbid media has long been a major scientific and technological goal in many disciplines. A breakthrough has been made to observe objects that were completely hidden behind an opaque scattering layer. However, such approach needs not only to scan both illumination light and detector but further off-line procedures to numerically retrieve the image of the objects. Here, we report a distant invisibility-based noninvasive method that can hide scattering layers and allows to directly image objects behind. By recording holograms of the objects through a ground glass and then using the holograms produced time-reversal lights to re-illuminate the objects, we implemented to observe objects with feature size ranging from 39 μm to 80 μm that were hidden behind a 3 mm thick ground glass. Of importance, our approach opens a door towards real-time, high speed biomedical imaging and in-site inspection of integrated devices.