bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strukturalizm a lingwistyka funkcjonalna
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander 
Published: November 2013

Structuralism and functional linguistics
The article investigates the relationship between two directions in modern linguistics, the structural and the functional. The author critically appreciates the commonly held opinion about the opposition of these linguistic paradigms, and shows that structuralism largely bases on a functional analysis. Structuralism was a continuation of the functional approach, which diffused across the humanities in the 19th century, and it is from this perspective that the present paper discusses structuralist studies in the fields of lexicology, morphology, and syntax. Particular attention is paid to the functional aspects of distributional analysis, and to integrative approaches in structural linguistics
Komunikacyjny model przekładu tekstu prawnego
Authors: Nawacka Joanna , Nawacki Maciej 
Published: November 2013

A communicative model of a legal text translation
The article constitutes an attempt at constructing a model of a legal text translation on the basis of a general scheme of linguistic communication. It takes into account the normative aspect of a legal text, as a result of which the message is received on the descriptive level, i.e. the level of language and legal regulations, as well as on the directive level, which is semantically much deeper and requires applying specific statutory interpretation rules and even validation rules in order to describe legal norms. The presented communication schemes illustrate problems which result from superseding the recipient of a normative message with a replacement recipient, i.e. a translator, who is limited – or not – by their own legal intuition, i.e. the images they have in their mind. The schemes also refer to communication limitations which arise due to the linguistic channel, i.e. the written medium, which comes as a result of the matter that undergoes translation. The schematic approach to the model allows the author to analyze the problems of untranslatability of a legal text.
Do Individuals Have Preferences Used in Macro-Finance Models? An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Brown Alexander L. , Kim Hwagyun 
Published: November 2013

Recent financial studies often assume that agents have Epstein–Zin preferences—preferences that require agents to care about when uncertainty is resolved. Under this “recursive-preference” framework, the preference for uncertainty resolution is entirely determined by an agent's preferences for risk and intertemporal substitution. To test the implications of this model, this paper presents an experiment designed to elicit subject preferences on risk, time, intertemporal substitution, and uncertainty resolution. Results reveal that most subjects prefer early resolution of uncertainty and have relative risk aversion greater than the reciprocal of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution, consistent with the predictions by recursive preferences. Subjects are classified in a finite mixture model by their risk, time, and intertemporal-substitution parameters. Regression results show that types predicted by the Epstein–Zin model to prefer early resolution choose early resolution with 20%–50% higher probability. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1794 This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, finance.
Media policy-making in Greece: Lessons from digital terrestrial television and the restructuring of public service broadcasting
Authors: Psychogiopoulou Evangelia , Kandyla Anna 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper probes into the institutional arrangements and the processes through which state and non-state actors engage with and define media policy in Greece. The development of the media and media regulation in Greece has been characterized for years by strong state intervention mostly in the pursuit of particularistic interests. Presently, technological developments and straitened economic conditions transform the media context and create potential for a re-appraisal of the state’s media policy. Drawing on recent regulatory developments concerning the passage to digital terrestrial television and the restructuring of public audiovisual media services, the analysis identifies and discusses the main features of the policy-making process, focusing on its institutional stability, policy objectives, accessibility, transparency and sources of information.
Fashionable (dis-)order in politics: Gender, power and the dilemma of the suit
Authors: Flicker Eva 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Women in political leadership are imprisoned in a double-bind communication: when they perform and dress along feminine patterns, they might be looked as deficient actors in the hard field of politics. When they refuse typical female looks and submit to male dress code, their performance is commented as conspicuous. The global visual political communication in media sends clear signals: nothing changes. Women are still the exception, ‘the other’. The visualized lose-lose situation for female politicians is conceived as symbolical violence. In this article the central piece of clothing - the dark suit – is discussed under cultural perspective, along macro-structural principles of the gender order, as instrument in the repetitive practice of exclusion in politics and within the distribution of media pictures. A visual discourse analysis - a ‘vis-course analysis’ - of international group photos from political events like summits traces fashion practices marking the fields of masculinity and power.
The Interactions of Carbon and Nitrogen in Liquid Silicon
Authors: Dalaker Halvor , Tangstad Merete 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The interactions between carbon and nitrogen in liquid silicon have been studied experimentally. High purity silicon was melted in silicon nitride crucibles under an Ar atmosphere with a graphite slab inserted in the crucible prior to melting as a carbon source. The system was thus simultaneously equilibrated with Si3N4 and SiC. Samples were extracted in the temperature range 1695–1798 K and analyzed using Leco.
It was observed that the simultaneous saturation of nitrogen and carbon caused a significant increase in the solubilities of both elements. The interaction parameters were derived as

The solubility of carbon in liquid silicon as a function of temperature and nitrogen content was found to follow:

And the solubility of nitrogen in liquid silicon found to follow:
Body size preferences among young women in five Arab countries: a cross-cultural study
Authors: Musaiger Abdulrahman O. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to highlight body size preferences among university females in five Arab countries.
Methods: The sample comprised 1134 females between 17 and 32 years old from universities in five Arab countries: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Oman and Syria. A silhouette figure scale was used to examine body size preferences.
Results: There were significant differences between countries regarding female body size preferences (p<0.001) and for preferred body size for men (p<0.001). In general, the university females preferred a thinner body size for themselves than that perceived for men.
Conclusion: There was a drastic change in body size preferences for women from plumpness to thinness. Sociocultural factors may play a role in the differences in the body size preferences between countries.
Predisposing, Enabling and Reinforcing Factors Associated with Smoking Relapse among Hospital Workers
Authors: Bautista‐Rentero Daniel , Moret‐Tatay Carmen , Chaparro‐Barrios Carolina , Ciancotti‐Oliver Lucia , González‐Steinbauer Cristina , Zanón‐Viguer Vicente 
Published: November 2013

Predisposing, Enabling and Reinforcing Factors Associated with Smoking Relapse among Hospital Workers: Daniel BAUTISTA‐RENTERO, et al. Preventive Medicine Service, “Dr. Peset” Hospital, Spain—ObjectivesA better identification of the determinants of smoking relapse among hospital workers would be helpful in development of more effective interventions to decrease the frequency of relapses in this group. The aim of this study was to determine the predisposing enabling, and reinforcing factors associated with smoking relapse among workers at a university hospital.MethodsThis was a case‐control study based on a self‐administered and structured questionnaire. Cases were all those workers who had relapsed after at least 6 months without smoking, and controls were ex‐smokers without relapse for more than 6 months. We obtained the following information: sociodemographic and tobacco consumption characteristics and a list of predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors.ResultsThere were 342 respondents: 114 cases and 228 controls. The variables significantly and independently associated with increased risk of relapse were smoking is my vice (OR=4.02), I’ll be able to quit smoking whenever I want (OR=3.43), I have no intention to quit forever (OR=6.02), celebrations (OR=3.93) and weight gain (OR=10.61), while variables associated with lower risk were age (OR=0.88), health‐care worker (OR=0.13), years of abstinence (OR=0.91), smoking is a useless habit (OR=0.19) and illness related to tobacco (OR=0.07).ConclusionsHealth programs against smoking in the hospital setting should include measures aimed at preventing relapse through behavioral support therapies and dietary control with particular attention to changes in factors related to lifestyle and false beliefs (predisposing factors).
What Encourages Sun Protection among Outdoor Workers from Four Industries?
Authors: Janda Monika , Stoneham Melissa , Youl Philippa , Crane Phil , Sendall Marguerite C , Tenkate Thomas , Kimlin Michael 
Published: November 2013

What Encourages Sun Protection among Outdoor Workers from Four Industries?: Monika JANDA, et al. School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia—ObjectivesWe aimed to identify current practice of sun protection and factors associated with effective use in four outdoor worker industries in Queensland, Australia.MethodsWorkplaces in four industries with a high proportion of outdoor workers (building/construction, rural/farming, local government, and public sector industries) were identified using an online telephone directory, screened for eligibility, and invited to participant via mail (n=15, recruitment rate 37%). A convenience sample of workers were recruited within each workplace (n=162). Workplaces' sun protective policies and procedures were identified using interviews and policy analysis with workplace representatives, and discussion groups and computer‐assisted telephone interviews with workers. Personal characteristics and sun protection knowledge, attitudes and behaviors were collated and analysed.ResultsJust over half the workplaces had an existing policy which referred to sun protection (58%), and most provided at least some personal protective equipment (PPE), but few scheduled work outside peak sun hours (43%) or provided skin checks (21%). Several worker and workplace characteristics were associated with greater sun protection behaviour among workers, including having Received education on the use of PPE (p<0.001), being concerned about being in the sun (p=0.002); and working in a smaller workplace (p=0.035).ConclusionsUptake of sun protection by outdoor workers is affected by a complex interplay of both workplace and personal factors, and there is a need for effective strategies targeting both the workplace environment and workers' knowledge, attitudes and behaviors to decrease harmful sun exposure further.
Factors Associated With a Positive Birth Experience: An Exploration of Swedish Women’s Experiences
Authors: Hildingsson Ingegerd , Johansson Margareta , Karlström Annika , Fenwick Jennifer 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND: The birth of a baby is a powerful life event that has implications for a woman’s well-being and future health. A positive birth experience promotes a sense of achievement, enhances feeling of self-worth, and facilitates confidence—all of which are important for a healthy adaptation to motherhood and psychological growth. Understanding what constitutes a positive birth experience is critical to providing maternity care that meets childbearing women’s individual needs, preferences, and priorities.OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence of Swedish women reporting a very positive birth experience 2 months and 1 year after childbirth and identify factors associated with this experience. In addition, the study aimed to identify whether women’s assessment of their birth experience changed over time.METHOD: A prospective, longitudinal study where the main outcome variable was perceptions of a very positive birth experience. The study was undertaken in a Northern region of Sweden in 2007. Women were recruited at their ultrasound examination in midpregnancy. Data was collected via questionnaires. There were 928 women who responded to questions about their birth experience at 2 months postpartum. Nearly 83% of these women (n= 763) also completed the questionnaire package 1 year after birth. Descriptive statistics were used together with Friedman’s test to detect changes over time. Logistic regression analysis was performed to reveal which factors contributed most to a very positive birth experience.RESULT: More than a third of the women reported a very positive birth experience. Women’s assessment of birth changed over time with 22% of the women becoming more positive and 15% more negative. Important associated factors for a very positive birth experience included positive feelings about the approaching birth as well as feeling in control, using no or only cognitive forms of pain management, and achieving a spontaneous vaginal birth. Furthermore, how women rated their midwifery care was also shown to affect their assessment of their birth experience.CONCLUSION: This study found that women’s birth experiences changed over time and most becoming more positive after 1 year. Factors associated with a very positive birth experience were related to women’s prenatal attitudes, intrapartum procedures, pain relief used, and care received during labor and birth. Respectful individualized midwifery care that remains focused on the woman and keeping birth normal increases positive perceptions of the birth experience.
College and University President Pay and Future Performance
Authors: Parsons Linda M. , Reitenga Austin L. 
Published: November 2013

SYNOPSIS
Just as with executive compensation in the corporate environment, the pay of university presidents has come under scrutiny. In this study, we examine the link between the level of abnormal compensation for university presidents in the current period and the subsequent performance of the university. We find that private schools awarding “excess” compensation (relative to schools with similar characteristics) improve their reputation and resources to a greater extent in the next two years than private schools not awarding “excess” compensation. Our results suggest that some portion of what appears to be excess pay in private schools is related to differences in the president's ability to deliver performance changes that would be valued by the university's stakeholders. Specifically, we find that private schools reward improvements in academic quality, but do not reward improvements in the academic environment such as reductions in class size. Conversely, what appears to be excess compensation in public schools is not related to performance metrics that are commonly used by the business press to rank universities, suggesting that performance metrics differ significantly between private and public schools.
Onset and quality of sedation after intramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine and hydromorphone in various muscle groups in dogs
Authors: Carter Jennifer E. , Lewis Crace , Beths Thierry 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Objective—To compare onset time and quality of sedation achieved by IM injection of hydromorphone and dexmedetomidine into either the semimembranosus, cervical, gluteal, or lumbar muscle groups in dogs.
Design—Prospective, randomized, crossover study.
Animals—7 dogs.
Procedures—Each dog was assigned to receive each treatment in random order, and at least 1 week elapsed between treatments. Dogs were sedated with dexmedetomidine and hydromorphone combined and injected IM into the assigned muscle group. An observer unaware of group assignments assessed physiologic variables every 5 minutes for 30 minutes, and a videographic recording was obtained. Recordings were evaluated by 16 individuals who were unaware of group assignments; these reviewers assessed time to onset of sedation and assigned a sedation score to each dog every 5 minutes.
Results—Resting pulse and respiratory rates did not differ among injection site groups. The semimembranosus site had a significantly higher sedation score than all other sites, and the cervical site had a significantly higher sedation score than the lumbar and gluteal sites. The semimembranosus and cervical sites had significantly shorter time to onset of sedation than did the gluteal and lumbar sites.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—When the combination of dexmedetomidine and hydromorphone was used to induce sedation in dogs, rapid and profound sedation was achieved with IM injection into the semimembranosus muscle.
Duration of immunity to experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus following intranasal vaccination of young passively immune calves
Authors: Ellis John A. , Gow Sheryl P. , Mahan Suman , Leyh Randy 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether a combination modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) vaccine could stimulate protective immunity in young BRSV-seropositive calves following intranasal administration and determine the duration of clinical immunity.
Design—Controlled challenge study.
Animals—84 dairy calves (3 to 11 days old).
Procedures—Responses to BRSV challenge of seronegative calves vaccinated under licensing trial conditions were compared with those of seropositive calves 2 times after vaccination. In experiment 1, young BRSV-seronegative calves were vaccinated intranasally with a minimum immunizing dose of BRSV and challenged with BRSV approximately 7 weeks later. In experiments 2 and 3, young BRSV-seropositive calves were vaccinated intranasally with a commercially available combination modified-live virus vaccine containing the commercial dose of the BRSV fraction and challenged with BRSV 9 weeks or approximately 14 weeks later, respectively.
Results—In experiments 1 and 2, BRSV-vaccinated calves had significantly higher Pao2, significantly fewer lung lesions, and significantly lower mortality rate than did unvaccinated calves subsequent to BRSV challenge. In contrast, in experiment 3, there were no differences in Pao2, lung lesions, or mortality rate between vaccinated and control calves after BRSV challenge approximately 14 weeks after vaccination. Protected calves in experiment 1 consistently had significant anamnestic mucosal and systemic antibody responses after challenge, whereas in experiments 2 and 3, antibody responses after challenge were more variable.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A combination BRSV vaccine administered intranasally to young calves induced protective immunity in the presence of maternal antibodies. The duration of immune responses induced by intranasal vaccination was short (≤ 4 months). Boosting immunity iatrogenically, or by natural exposure, is probably required to obtain optimal responses to neonatal intranasal vaccination.
Finite size effects in epidemic spreading: the problem of overpopulated systems
Authors: Ganczarek Wojciech 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In this paper we analyze the impact of network size on the dynamics of epidemic spreading. In particular, we investigate the pace of infection in overpopulated systems. In order to do that, we design a model for epidemic spreading on a finite complex network with a restriction to at most one contamination per time step, which can serve as a model for sexually transmitted diseases spreading in some student communes. Because of the highly discrete character of the process, the analysis cannot use the continuous approximation widely exploited for most models. Using a discrete approach, we investigate the epidemic threshold and the quasi-stationary distribution. The main results are two theorems about the mixing time for the process: it scales like the logarithm of the network size and it is proportional to the inverse of the distance from the epidemic threshold.
AdS braneworld with backreaction
Authors: Bilić Neven , Tupper Gary 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
We review the tachyon model derived from the dynamics of a 3-brane moving in the AdS5 bulk. The bulk geometry is based on the Randall-Sundrum II model extended to include the radion. The effective tachyon Lagrangian is modified due to the back-reaction of the brane on the bulk geometry.
Association Between Centralization and Directional Preference and Functional and Pain Outcomes in Patients With Neck Pain
Authors: Edmond Susan L. , Cutrone Guillermo , Werneke Mark , Ward Jason , Grigsby David , Weinberg Jon , Oswald William , Oliver Dave , McGill Troy , Hart Dennis L. 
Published: November 2013

Study Design Retrospective cohort. Objectives In subjects with neck pain, the present study aimed (1) to describe the prevalence of centralization (CEN), noncentralization (non-CEN), directional preference (DP), and no directional preference (no DP); (2) to determine if age, sex, fear-avoidance beliefs about physical activity, number of comorbid conditions, or symptom duration varies among subjects who demonstrate CEN versus non-CEN and DP versus no DP; and (3) to determine if CEN and/or DP are associated with changes in function and pain. Background CEN and DP are prevalent among patients with low back pain and should be considered when determining treatment strategies and predicting outcomes; however, these findings are not well investigated in patients with neck pain. Methods Three hundred four subjects contributed data. CEN and DP prevalence were calculated, as was the association between CEN and DP, and age, sex, number of comorbid conditions, fear-avoidance beliefs, and symptom duration. Multivariate models assessed whether CEN and DP predicted change in function and pain. Results CEN and DP prevalence were 0.4 and 0.7, respectively. Younger subjects and those with fewer comorbid conditions were more likely to centralize; however, subjects who demonstrated DP were more likely to have acute symptoms. Subjects who centralized experienced, on average, a 3.6-point (95% confidence interval: −0.3, 7.4) improvement in function scores, whereas subjects with a DP averaged a 5.4-point (95% confidence interval: 0.8, 10.0) improvement. Neither CEN nor DP was associated with pain outcomes. Conclusion DP and, to a lesser extent, CEN represent evaluation categories that are associated with improvements in functional outcomes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(2):68–75. Epub 21 November 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4632