bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the influence of slurry concentration on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cake porosity and resistance during microfiltration
Authors: Mota Manuel , Flickinger Michael C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFiltration of an isotonic suspension of baker's yeast through a 0.45‐μm membrane was studied at two different pressures, 40 and 80 kPa, for yeast concentrations ranging from 0.14 to 51 kg/m3 (dry weight). For a yeast volume fraction above 0.06 (∼21.8 kg/m3), the porosity of the yeast cake is less dependent on the suspension concentration. For highly diluted suspensions, the specific cake resistance approaches a minimum that depends on the filtration pressure. Correlation functions of cake porosity and specific cake resistance were obtained for the concentration range investigated showing that the Kozeny–Carman coefficient increases when the applied pressure increases. Both filtration pressure and slurry concentration can be process controlled. In the range of moderate yeast concentration, the filtrate flux may be increased by manipulating the filtration pressure and the slurry concentration, thereby improving the overall process efficiency. The complex behavior of yeast cakes at high slurry concentration can be described by a conventional model as long as part of yeast cells are assumed to form aggregates, which behave as single bigger particles. The aggregation effect may be accounted for using a binary mixture model. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Specialist training in forensic psychiatry: The UK experience
Authors: Sebastian Lavanya 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundTraining pathways and structures in forensic psychiatry differ between European Union countries, and perspective may differ between trainees and trainers.AimTo describe the context of forensic psychiatry training in the UK, with a particular emphasis on England and Wales, as well as some details of core psychiatry and specialist forensic training.Information and discussionForensic psychiatry in the UK takes place in the context of general medical training guidance and regulation. In the last decade, it has changed to be in line with the European working directive and to take account of opinions from outside medicine. The specialist component is typically during the last 3 years of post‐graduate training and is based on an apprenticeship/competency model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Highly Active Bifunctional Iridium Complex with an Alcohol/Alkoxide‐Tethered N‐Heterocyclic Carbene for Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols
Authors: Bartoszewicz Agnieszka , Marcos Rocío , Sahoo Suman , Inge A. Ken , Zou Xiaodong , Martín‐Matute Belén 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA series of new iridium(III) complexes containing bidentate N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) functionalized with an alcohol or ether group (NHCOR, R=H, Me) were prepared. The complexes catalyzed the alkylation of anilines with alcohols as latent electrophiles. In particular, biscationic IrIII complexes of the type [Cp*(NHC‐OH)Ir(MeCN)]2+2[BF4−] afforded higher‐order amine products with very high efficiency; up to >99 % yield using a 1:1 ratio of reactants and 1–2.5 mol % of Ir, in short reaction times (2–16 h) and under base‐free conditions. Quantitative yields were also obtained at 50 °C, although longer reaction times (48–60 h) were needed. A large variety of aromatic amines have been alkylated with primary and secondary alcohols. The reactivity of structurally related iridium(III) complexes was also compared to obtain insights into the mechanism and into the structure of possible catalytic intermediates. The IrIII complexes were stable towards oxygen and moisture, and were characterized by NMR, HRMS, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and elemental analyses.
Cadmium(II) biosorption from aqueous solutions using Hydrilla verticillata
Authors: Li Guo‐Xin , Yan Chang‐Zhou , Zhang Dan‐Dan , Zhao Chao , Chen Guo‐Yuan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe kinetics and equilibrium of cadmium biosorption from aqueous solutions were investigated using fresh tissues of Hydrilla verticillata. The biosorptive characteristics of cadmium ions were studied with respect to well‐established effective parameters, including pH, temperature and contact time. The biosorptive capacity of H. verticillata for cadmium increased with increasing pH. In addition, the resulting isotherms were well‐described by Langmuir and extended Langmuir models (R2 = 0.9794–0.9957 and 0.9880, respectively). The comparison between calculated and experimental qe values showed that the extended Langmuir model had a better simulation for the cadmium biosorption by H. verticillata than the Langmuir isotherm model. The equilibrium biosorption data at a constant temperature were well‐interpreted by the Langmuir model. The maximum biosorptive capacity increased from 33.54 to 37.46 mg/g when the solution temperature was increased from 278 to 298 K. Other various thermodynamic parameters were also estimated. Biosorptive equilibrium was established within approximately 20 min. Moreover, the pseudo‐second‐order equation was more appropriate in predicting biosorptive capacity than the pseudo‐first‐order equation. In practical viewpoints, the abundant and inexpensive plant biomass H. verticillata can be used as an effective and environmentally friendly biosorbent for the detoxification of cadmium from aqueous solutions. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Elderly patients with colon cancer have unique tumor characteristics and poor survival
Authors: Patel Supriya S. , Nelson Rebecca , Sanchez Julian , Lee Wendy , Uyeno Lori , Garcia‐Aguilar Julio , Hurria Arti , Kim Joseph 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The incidence of colon cancer increases with age, and colon cancer predominantly affects individuals >65 years old. However, there are limited data regarding clinical and pathologic factors, treatment characteristics, and survival of older patients with colon cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of increasing age on colon cancer.METHODS:Patients diagnosed with colon cancer between 1988 and 2006 were identified through the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program, in Southern California. Patients were stratified into 4 age groups: 18‐49, 50‐64, 65‐79, and ≥80 years. Clinical and pathologic characteristics and disease‐specific and overall survival were compared between patients from different age groups.RESULTS:A total of 32,819 patients were assessed. Patients aged 18 to 49 and 65 to 79 years represented the smallest and largest groups, respectively. A near equal number of males and females were diagnosed with colon cancer in the 3 youngest age groups, whereas patients who were ≥80 years old were more commonly white and female. Tumor location was different between groups, and the frequency of larger tumors (>5 cm) was greatest in youngest patients (18‐49 years). The oldest patients (≥80 years) were administered chemotherapy at the lowest frequency, and disease‐specific and overall survival rates decreased with increasing age.CONCLUSIONS:This investigation demonstrates that older age is associated with alterations in clinical and pathologic characteristics and decreased survival. This suggests that the phenotype of colon cancer and the efficacy of colon cancer therapies may be dependent on the age of patients. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Use of adjuvant trastuzumab in women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer by race/ethnicity and education within the National Comprehensive Cancer Network
Authors: Freedman Rachel A. , Hughes Melissa E. , Ottesen Rebecca A. , Weeks Jane C. , He Yulei , Wong Yu‐Ning , Theriault Richard , Keating Nancy L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND.Trastuzumab for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer is highly efficacious yet costly and time‐intensive, and few data are available about its use. The authors of this report examined receipt and completion of adjuvant trastuzumab by race/ethnicity and education for women with HER2‐positive disease.METHODS.The National Comprehensive Cancer Network Breast Cancer Outcomes Database was used to identify 1109 women who were diagnosed with stage I through III, HER2‐positive breast cancer during September 2005 through December 2008 and were followed for ≥1 year. The authors used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association of race/ethnicity and education with the receipt of trastuzumab and, among those women who initiated trastuzumab, with the completion of > 270 days of therapy.RESULTS.The cohort was 75% white, 8% black, and 9% Hispanic; and 20% of women had attained a high school degree or less. Most women (83%) received trastuzumab, and no significant differences were observed according to race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Among the women who initiated trastuzumab, 73% of black women versus 87% of white women (P = .007) and 70% of women with less than a high school education versus 90% of women with a college degree completed > 270 days of therapy (P = .006). In adjusted analyses, black women (vs white women) and women without a high school degree (vs those with a college degree) had lower odds of completing therapy (black women: odds ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.27‐074; white women: odds ratio, 0.27, 95% confidence interval, 0.14‐0.51).CONCLUSIONS.Differences in completing trastuzumab therapy were observed according to race and educational attainment among women who received treatment at National Comprehensive Cancer Network centers. Efforts to assure the appropriate use of trastuzumab and to understand treatment barriers are needed and may lead to improved outcomes.The authors report differences in the rate at which patients complete treatment with trastuzumab according to race and education among women who receive treatment at National Comprehensive Cancer Network centers. Efforts to assure the appropriate use of trastuzumab and to understand treatment barriers are needed and may lead to improved outcomes. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Hierarchical MapReduce: towards simplified cross‐domain data processing
Authors: Luo Yuan , Plale Beth , Guo Zhenhua , Li Wilfred W. , Qiu Judy , Sun Yiming 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe MapReduce programming model has proven useful for data‐driven high throughput applications. However, the conventional MapReduce model limits itself to scheduling jobs within a single cluster. As job sizes become larger, single‐cluster solutions grow increasingly inadequate. We present a hierarchical MapReduce framework that utilizes computation resources from multiple clusters simultaneously to run MapReduce job across them. The applications implemented in this framework adopt the Map–Reduce–GlobalReduce model where computations are expressed as three functions: Map, Reduce, and GlobalReduce. Two scheduling algorithms are proposed, one that targets compute‐intensive jobs and another data‐intensive jobs, evaluated using a life science application, AutoDock, and a simple Grep. Data management is explored through analysis of the Gfarm file system.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CSR for Sustainable Development: CSR Beneficiary Positioning and Impression Management Motivation
Authors: Kim Moon Seop , Kim Dong Tae , Kim Jae Il 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis study aims to seek ways to make corporate social responsibility (CSR) a vehicle for the sustainable development of companies and society. It examines the effect of CSR beneficiary positioning on purchase intention based on social exchange theory. It also investigates the moderating roles of product category, situation, and consumer's self‐monitoring level based on impression management theory. The results show that consumers will be more likely to buy products from those companies which employ a self‐benefit CSR positioning. In addition, the findings also suggest that the effect of the CSR beneficiary positioning on purchase intention depends on product type, situation, and self‐monitoring level. Specifically, when the impression management motivation is heightened, people will pay more attention to information about companies' CSR efforts. Thus, CSR beneficiary positioning will have less effect on purchase intention. However, the effect of CSR beneficiary positioning persists when the motivation is not heightened. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Framed slotted aloha based MAC protocol for low energy critical infrastructure monitoring networks
Authors: Sanaullah Chowdhury M. , Ullah Niamat , Ameen Mosaddique Al , Kwak Kyung Sup 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYRecently, the IEEE TG4k has been formed to amend the IEEE 802.15 family to address the low energy critical infrastructure monitoring networks. The purpose is to facilitate point to multi‐thousands of point communication to collect the scheduled and event data from a large number of nonmains powered endpoints that are widely dispersed. It should support low energy operation, which is necessary for multiyear battery life. Other major features are application data rate up to 40 Kb/s, thousands of endpoints per mains powered infrastructure, asymmetric application data flow, small and infrequent messages, tolerant to data latency, etc. In this paper, we present a discussion on low energy critical infrastructure monitoring networks. We propose a medium access control protocol based on framed slotted aloha for these networks. We investigated probable packet sizes, energy consumptions, battery lifetime and the success rate for our protocol. The proposed protocol is simple to implement. Simulation results show that it is efficient in terms of packet success rate, energy consumption, and battery lifetime.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional error rate and combining schemes for hybrid automatic repeat request with M‐pulse amplitude modulation
Authors: Long Hang , Xiang Wei , Wang Jing , Zhang Yueying , Liu Yuanan , Wang Wenbo 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYIn hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), maximum ratio combining (MRC) is usually employed at the receiver if the retransmitted signal is the same as that of the first transmission. However, it is proved that MRC is not the optimum combining scheme with binary phase shift keying modulation in terms of the conditional error rate. In this paper, the conditional error rate of HARQ with M‐pulse amplitude modulation (M‐PAM) and arbitrary combining schemes at the receiver is analyzed. Then, the optimum combining scheme with M‐PAM is proposed with the aim of minimizing the conditional error rate.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growing season variability in evapotranspiration, ecosystem water use efficiency, and energy partitioning in switchgrass
Authors: Wagle Pradeep , Kakani Vijaya Gopal 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTEvapotranspiration (ET), ecosystem water use efficiency (EWUE), and energy partitioning in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) ecosystems are crucial to understand its water and energy balances since switchgrass acreage is expanding for cellulosic biofuels. We measured CO2, H2O, and energy fluxes over a switchgrass field in Chickasha, OK, USA, using eddy covariance method. The objective of this study was to quantify seasonal variations in ET, EWUE, and seasonal distributions of energy partitioning in response to controlling factors. Seasonal (May to mid‐November) cumulative ET (450 mm) was similar to cumulative rainfall (432 mm). During June to September, ET was 1·92 times of rainfall, indicating that the crop experienced severe drought during the mid‐growing season. ET showed clear seasonality with 3–4 mm day−1 during the active growing season (late May and June) to low rates of about 0·5 mm day−1 during the late growing season (November). The ET rate decreased during dry periods. On seasonal scale, more energy was partitioned to sensible heat flux (H) than latent heat (LE) because of drought. Estimation of EWUE by dividing time integrals of gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP) by respective H2O fluxes (ET) at monthly time scale provided EWUE from 10·46 (August) to 14·08 g CO2 mm−1 ET (October) with a seasonal average of 12·01 g CO2 mm−1 ET. Seasonal patterns in EWUE were observed with smaller values during drought because of more rapid reduction in carbon assimilation (GEP) than ET. These findings confirm the major role of precipitation in determining water and energy balances in switchgrass. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Imidazo[1,4]thiazine Derivatives by an ANRORC Domino Reaction
Authors: Voskressensky Leonid G. , Festa Alexey A. , Sokolova Ekaterina A. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Varlamov Alexey V. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract10bH‐6‐Oxa‐1‐thia‐3a,5‐diazaacephenanthrylenes can be easily obtained by a sodium hydrogen carbonate catalyzed anionic domino reaction of thiazolium salts with salicylic aldehydes. It is presumed that the domino sequence includes Kröhnke condensation, nucleophilic cyclization, and ANRORC (addition of nucleophile/ring opening/ring closure) steps. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first example of a multistep anionic domino reaction incorporating an ANRORC transformation. The initial generality of the method is demonstrated by using 3‐hydroxypyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde as a carbonyl component.
Subassemblage cyclic loading test of RC frame with buckling restrained braces in zigzag configuration
Authors: Qu Zhe , Kishiki Shoichi , Sakata Hiroyasu , Wada Akira , Maida Yusuke 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYA new buckling restrained braced frame system is proposed for reinforced concrete building structures, which is featured by the zigzag configuration of the braces and the corresponding connection details. The connection details tend to separate the vertical and horizontal components of force imposed by the braces to be resisted by independent structural components to make the behavior of the connection easier to estimate and control. The performance of the brace connection details was evaluated through cyclic load testing on 1/2‐scale subassemblies of the proposed system, each of which consisted of a reinforced concrete part and a set of buckling restrained braces. To simplify the test control, the specimens were rotated 90° in the test and were loaded by two displacement controlled actuators. The test results show that the normal and the shear resistance of the gusset plate connection are essentially independent of each other. However, the rotation of the gusset plate with respect to the beam‐to‐column joint may result in nonuniform force distribution of the anchor bolts, the primary resistance for tensile force. At the same time, such rotation may also subject the concrete corbels, the primary shear resistance, to unfavorable tensile force. In addition, it is also confirmed that the buckling restrained braces performed well in the proposed system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shifting sands on Mars: insights from tropical intra‐crater dunes
Authors: Geissler Paul E. , Stantzos Nicholas W. , Bridges Nathan T. , Bourke Mary C. , Silvestro Simone , Fenton Lori K. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTEvidence for sand motion is found in repeated observations of sand dunes at three sites in the Martian tropics by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. An eroding outcrop of layered sediments is identified as a possible source of the sand in Pasteur crater. Ancient layered sediments in Becquerel crater are actively being carved into flutes and yardangs by the blowing sands. Dunes in an un‐named crater in Meridiani near the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity landing site advanced as much as 50 cm over an interval of one Martian year. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of compounds responsible for the odorant properties of aromatic caramel
Authors: Paravisini Laurianne , Gourrat‐Pernin Karine , Gouttefangeas Cécile , Moretton Cédric , Nigay Henri , Dacremont Catherine , Guichard Elisabeth 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTAromatic caramel results from the heat treatment of sugars under specific temperature conditions. Because of its richness in aroma compounds and its pleasant organoleptic properties, caramel is widely used in the food industry. However, the composition of the volatile odorant fraction has not been completely elucidated. The aim of this work was thus to identify the volatile odorant compounds responsible for caramel sensory properties using a multivariate statistical technique. Four aromatic caramels differing in terms of their carbohydrate composition and cooking process were chosen. Odorant compounds were screened by gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC‐O) and identified by GC–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). GC‐O data were processed using a detection frequency method. A total of 76 odorant zones were detected and 49 aroma compounds identified, some of them being reported for the first time in caramel. In parallel, descriptive sensory profiles of the caramels were performed with a panel of ten trained assessors. Odour properties appeared to be closely related to the cooking properties of the caramel. The relationship between the intensities of sensory descriptors and the 76 odorant zones was modelled by partial least squares regression (PLS‐R). The first PLS‐R component explained 93% of the variance in sensory descriptors and 39% in GC‐O data. Sensory descriptors were mainly separated on the first axis, opposing sweet‐like descriptors (cooked‐syrup, fruity, honey) to burnt sugar descriptors (strong, pungent, roasted). Heterocycles, carbocyclic compounds and acids appeared to be the principal odorants for burnt sugars. They were mainly described by empyreumatic notes in GC‐O and correlated to burnt sugar descriptors in the PLS model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of the effects of friction, heat transfer, and stream impurities on the decompression behavior in CO2 pipelines
Authors: Mahgerefteh Haroun , Brown Solomon , Martynov Sergey 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA transient multi‐phase outflow model is employed to study the effects of heat transfer and friction on the decompression behavior in CO2 pipelines. The model's predictions are compared to measurements obtained from a number of shock tube experiments for gaseous phase CO2 as well its various mixtures, typical of those found in the different capture technologies. Particular attention is paid to studying the impact of the stream impurities on the CO2 mixtures saturation pressures and the decompression wave speeds given their direct influence on the pipeline's propensity to running ductile fractures. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Mothers' psychological contracts: Does supervisor breach explain intention to leave the organization?
Authors: Botsford Morgan Whitney , King Eden B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRecent evidence suggests mothers with infants are leaving the workforce (Cohany & Sok, 2007; Johnson, 2007), but research has not yet clarified why mothers make such a decision. The current research proposes that mothers form psychological contracts including content related to family that supervisors do not fulfill, resulting in intention to leave the organization. In a study of first‐time mothers, participants reported experiencing contract breach. Findings also suggested supervisors may have an opportunity to control the outcomes of breach and retain mothers by effectively managing perceptions of fair treatment (i.e., interactional justice). This is the first empirical research to indicate that mothers' intentions to leave depend on fulfillment of their psychological contracts related to family and fair treatment from their supervisor.