bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is sense of coherence helpful in coping with caregiver burden for dementia?
Authors: Matsushita Masateru , Ishikawa Tomohisa , Koyama Asuka , Hasegawa Noriko , Ichimi Naoko , Yano Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Mamoru , Fujii Naoki , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundSense of coherence (SOC) is associated with a reduced risk of various health problems and is thought to be a major factor related to the ability to cope with stress. In the present study, we examined the association between caregiver burden andSOCamong caregivers to persons with dementia.MethodsParticipants included 274 caregivers or family members of community‐dwelling elderly dementia patients. To assess the cognitive function of patients, neuropsychological tests (e.g.Mini‐MentalStateExamination,ClinicalDementiaRating) were conducted by a clinical psychologist who was well trained in interviewing participants; the tests used a semi‐structured interview protocol. Senior neurologists and psychiatrists also independently evaluated the dementia status of patients. To assess theSOCand caregiver burden, a social welfare counsellor asked questions from a 13‐item version of theSOCscale and the short, eight‐itemJapanese version of theZaritCaregiverBurdenInterview (ZBI).ResultsAmong 78 caregivers of elderly subjects with cognitive impairment due to dementia, theZBIscore was significantly associated withSOC(r = −0.38,P = 0.001). Multiple regression analyses revealed thatSOCscores (β = −0.42,P < 0.001) andMini‐MentalStateExamination scores (β = −0.28,P = 0.009) were significantly associated withZBIscores (F(2, 76) = 10.51,P < 0.001).SOCwas closely associated with personal strain in theZBI(β = −0.41,P < 0.001;F(3, 75) = 8.53,P < 0.001).ConclusionCaregivers with a strongSOCmay be less prone to experiencing personal strain from their burden. These results suggest that reinforcement ofSOCwould contribute to reducing the personal strain.
How Fast Can Carbon Be Sequestered When Restoring Degraded Subtropical Thicket?
Authors: Mills Anthony J. , Cowling Richard M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIs the maximum rate of carbon sequestration reported for the CAM‐C3 plant Portulacaria afra (spekboom), viz. 15.4 t CO2 ha−1 yr−1, unusual in comparison with other plants with similar physioliogies, or could such rates be expected routinely in restoration with P. afra? Private sector investors in thicket restoration need an answer to this question in order to assess the feasibility of using carbon finance as the main income stream from their investments. A literature review showed that 15.4 t CO2 ha−1 yr−1 is not an unusual rate of carbon sequestration for CAM plants in arid and semi‐arid environments, which suggests that investors in thicket restoration should not consider this an outlier value. The results also suggest that carbon finance could be used to fund restoration using other CAM plants in degraded xeric thickets in countries such as Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Madagascar.
Processing of small volumes in blood salvage devices
Authors: Seyfried Timo , Breu Anita , Gruber Michael , Reipert Julia , Hansen Ernil 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundNew technical developments such as a small Latham bowl, a continuous autotransfusion system, and a dynamic disk designed for postoperative autotransfusion raise hopes for a possible application of blood salvage in young children. However, the minimal blood volume for effective processing under clinically relevant conditions has yet to be determined.Study Design and MethodsFresh blood from volunteer donations adjusted to a hematocrit (Hct) of 10% was used to test ELECTA (Sorin) equipped with a 55‐mL bowl, C.A.T.S (Fresenius) in the pediatric program mode, and OrthoPAT (Haemonetics). Twenty‐milliliter portions of red blood cells (RBCs) were added and processed under various conditions, including clinically relevant first filling and intermittent emptying. RBC recovery and availability and plasma elimination were calculated from the Hct, free hemoglobin, and total protein.ResultsThe main impediment to recovery and availability was the first filling. There, RBC recovery was significantly reduced, while it subsequently varied between 93 and 98%. To produce the first 30 mL of RBCs, ELECTA required 42 mL and C.A.T.S and OrthoPAT 62 mL owing to the dead space of the separation chamber or reservoir, respectively. RBC availability was much higher in subsequent processes, with only minimal differences between the three devices. They all consistently provided high plasma elimination rates.ConclusionThe continuous system showed no advantage over a small Latham bowl. From the results it can be calculated that the limit for feasible cell salvage at present is an infant of 6 months. All three devices are suitable for the processing of small volumes, but have the scope for further optimization.
DNA barcoding of the northern Northeast Atlantic skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes), with remarks on the widely distributed starry ray
Authors: Lynghammar Arve , Christiansen Jørgen S. , Griffiths Andrew M. , Fevolden Svein‐Erik , Hop Haakon , Bakken Torkild 
Published: June 2014

The skate fauna in the northern Northeast (NE) Atlantic is poorly investigated, and misidentifications are common. Here, ‘DNA barcoding’ was used to analyse 105 specimens of 15 species previously reported from the area to investigate the occurrence of species. Of these 15 species, three were new to the region and confirmed with voucher specimens. Three previously reported taxa were not obtained from the study area, providing a total number of 12 skate species for the northern NE Atlantic. Only one specimen of the critically endangered Dipturus batis complex was found. It occurs frequently in the literature and commercial fisheries catch records, and we argue that the vast majority of these are misidentifications. Due to striking differences in Amblyraja radiata life history parameters across the North Atlantic, cryptic species diversity has previously been suspected. A total of 80 A. radiata cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences from across the North Atlantic were sampled, and the highest fixation index (FST) was found when maximising geographical distance (FST = 0.133). A lower index was found when grouped according to life history (FST = 0.067). These results are not strongly supportive for the occurrence of cryptic species.
On the volume of isolated singularities
Authors: Zhang Yuchen 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe give an equivalent definition of the local volume of an isolated singularity $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}{\rm Vol}_{\text {BdFF}}(X,0)$ given in [S. Boucksom, T. de Fernex, C. Favre, The volume of an isolated singularity. Duke Math. J. 161 (2012), 1455–1520] in the $\mathbb{Q}$-Gorenstein case and we generalize it to the non-$\mathbb{Q}$-Gorenstein case. We prove that there is a positive lower bound depending only on the dimension for the non-zero local volume of an isolated singularity if $X$ is Gorenstein. We also give a non-$\mathbb{Q}$-Gorenstein example with ${\rm Vol}_{\text {BdFF}}(X,0)=0$, which does not allow a boundary $\Delta $ such that the pair $(X,\Delta )$ is log canonical.
The Effect of Variable Doses of Inorganic Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice on Simulated 2000-m Rowing Performance in Trained Athletes
Authors: Hoon Matthew W. , Jones Andrew M. , Johnson Nathan A. , Blackwell Jamie R. , Broad Elizabeth M. , Lundy Bronwen , Rice Anthony J. , Burke Louise M. 
Published: June 2014

Context:Beetroot juice is a naturally rich source of inorganic nitrate (NO3−), a compound hypothesized to enhance endurance performance by improving exercise efficiency.Purpose:To investigate the effect of different doses of beetroot juice on 2000-m ergometer-rowing performance in highly trained athletes.Methods:Ten highly trained male rowers volunteered to participate in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover study. Two hours before undertaking a 2000-m rowing-ergometer test, subjects consumed beetroot juice containing 0 mmol (placebo), 4.2 mmol (SINGLE), or 8.4 mmol (DOUBLE) NO3−. Blood samples were taken before supplement ingestion and immediately before the rowing test for analysis of plasma [NO3−] and [nitrite (NO2−)].Results:The SINGLE dose demonstrated a trivial effect on time to complete 2000 m compared with placebo (mean difference: 0.2 ± 2.5 s). A possibly beneficial effect was found with DOUBLE compared with SINGLE (mean difference –1.8 ± 2.1 s) and with placebo (–1.6 ± 1.6 s). Plasma [NO2−] and [NO3−] demonstrated a dose-response effect, with greater amounts of ingested nitrate leading to substantially higher concentrations (DOUBLE > SINGLE > placebo). There was a moderate but insignificant correlation (r = –.593, P = .055) between change in plasma [NO2−] and performance time.Conclusion:Compared with nitratedepleted beetroot juice, a high (8.4 mmol NO3−) but not moderate (4.2 mmol NO3−) dose of NO3− in beetroot juice, consumed 2 h before exercise, may improve 2000-m rowing performance in highly trained athletes.
Sodium Bicarbonate and High-Intensity-Cycling Capacity: Variability in Responses
Authors: Saunders Bryan , Sale Craig , Harris Roger C. , Sunderland Caroline 
Published: June 2014

Purpose:To determine whether gastrointestinal (GI) distress affects the ergogenicity of sodium bicarbonate and whether the degree of alkalemia or other metabolic responses is different between individuals who improve exercise capacity and those who do not.Methods:Twenty-one men completed 2 cycling-capacity tests at 110% of maximum power output. Participants were supplemented with 0.3 g/kg body mass of either placebo (maltodextrin) or sodium bicarbonate (SB). Blood pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and lactate were determined at baseline, preexercise, immediately postexercise, and 5 min postexercise.Results:SB supplementation did not significantly increase total work done (TWD; P = .16, 46.8 · 9.1 vs 45.6 · 8.4 kJ, d = 0.14), although magnitude-based inferences suggested a 63% likelihood of a positive effect. When data were analyzed without 4 participants who experienced GI discomfort, TWD (P = .01) was significantly improved with SB. Immediately postexercise blood lactate was higher in SB for the individuals who improved but not for those who did not. There were also differences in the preexercise-to-postexercise change in blood pH, bicarbonate, and base excess between individuals who improved and those who did not.Conclusions:SB improved high-intensity-cycling capacity but only with the exclusion of participants experiencing GI discomfort. Differences in blood responses suggest that SB may not be beneficial to all individuals. Magnitude-based inferences suggested that the exercise effects are unlikely to be negative; therefore, individuals should determine whether they respond well to SB supplementation before competition.
The Validity of the Session-RPE Method for Quantifying Training Load in Water Polo
Authors: Lupo Corrado , Capranica Laura , Tessitore Antonio 
Published: June 2014

Context:The assessment of internal training load (ITL) using the session rating of perceived exertion (session RPE) has been demonstrated to provide valuable information, also in team sports. Nevertheless, no studies have investigated the use of this method during youth water polo training.Purpose:To evaluate youth water polo training, showing the corresponding level of reliability of the session-RPE method.Methods:Thirteen male youth water polo players (age 15.6 ± 0.5 y, height 1.80 ± 0.06 m, body mass 72.7 ± 7.8 kg) were monitored during 8 training sessions (80 individual training sessions) over 10 d. The Edwards summated heart-rate-zone method was used as a reference measure of ITL; the session-RPE rating was obtained using CR-10 scale modified by Foster. The Pearson product–moment was applied to regress the Edwards heart-rate-zone method against CR-10 session RPE for each training session and individual data.Results:Analyses reported overall high (r = .88, R2 = .78) and significant (P < .001) correlations between the Edwards heart-rate and session-RPE methods. Significant correlations were also shown for each training session (r range .69–.92, R2 range .48–.85, P < .05) and individual data (r range .76–.98, R2 range .58–.97, P < .05).Discussion:The results confirmed that the session-RPE method as an easy and reliable tool to evaluate ITL in youth water polo, allowing coaches to efficiently monitor their training plans.
Acute Physiological Response to Aerobic Short-Interval Training in Trained Runners
Authors: Wallner Dietmar , Simi Helmut , Tschakert Gerhard , Hofmann Peter 
Published: June 2014

Purpose:To analyze the acute physiological response to aerobic short-interval training (AESIT) at various high-intensity running speeds. A minor anaerobic glycolytic energy supply was aimed to mimic the characteristics of slow continuous runs.Methods:Eight trained male runners (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] 55.5 ± 3.3 mL · kg−1 · min−1) performed an incremental treadmill exercise test (increments: 0.75 km · h−1 · min−1). Two lactate turn points (LTP1, LTP2) were determined. Subsequently, 3 randomly assigned AESIT sessions with high-intensity running-speed intervals were performed at speeds close to the speed (v) at VO2max (vVO2max) to create mean intensities of 50%, 55%, and 60% of vLTP1. AESIT sessions lasted 30 min and consisted of 10-s work phases, alternated by 20-s passive recovery phases.Results:To produce mean velocities of 50%, 55%, and 60% of vLTP1, running speeds were calculated as 18.6 ± 0.7 km/h (93.4% vVO2max), 20.2 ± 0.6 km/h (101.9% vVO2max), and 22.3 ± 0.7 km/h (111.0% vVO2max), which gave a mean blood lactate concentration (La) of 1.09 ± 0.31 mmol/L, 1.57 ± 0.52 mmol/L, and 2.09 ± 0.99 mmol/L, respectively. La at 50% of vLTP1 was not significantly different from La at vLTP1 (P = .8894). Mean VO2 was found at 54.0%, 58.5%, and 64.0% of VO2max, while at the end of the sessions VO2 rose to 71.1%, 80.4%, and 85.6% of VO2max, respectively.Conclusion:The results showed that AESIT with 10-s work phases alternating with 20 s of passive rest and a running speed close to vVO2max gave a systemic aerobic metabolic profile similar to slow continuous runs.
Impact of Park Renovations on Park Use and Park-Based Physical Activity
Authors: Cohen Deborah A. , Han Bing , Isacoff Jennifer , Shulaker Bianca , Williamson Stephanie , Marsh Terry , McKenzie Thomas L. , Weir Megan , Bhatia Rajiv 
Published: June 2014

Background:Given the concerns about low rates of physical activity among low-income minority youth, many communitybased organizations are investing in the creation or renovation of public parks to encourage youth to become more physically active. To what degree park renovations accomplish this goal is not known.Methods:We used the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) to measure park users and their physical activity levels before and after 2 parks were renovated. We compared findings with 4 parks: 2 that were unrenovated parks and 2 that were undergoing renovation. We also surveyed park users and local residents about their use of the parks.Results:Compared with parks that had not yet been renovated, the improved parks saw more than a doubling in the number of visitors and a substantial increase in energy expended in the parks. Increased park use was pronounced in adults and children, but was not seen in teens and seniors. Park renovations were associated with a significantly increased perception of park safety.Conclusions:Park improvements can have a significant impact on increasing park use and local physical activity.
Differences in Joint-Position Sense and Vibratory Threshold in Runners With and Without a History of Overuse Injury
Authors: Switlick Tiffany , Kernozek Thomas W. , Meardon Stacey 
Published: June 2014

Context:A relationship between altered postural control and injury has been reported in sports. Sensorimotor function serves a fundamental role in postural control and is not often studied in runners. Persons who sustain running injury may have altered sensorimotor function contributing to risk of injury or reinjury.Objectives:To determine if differences in knee and ankle proprioception or plantar sensation exist between injured and noninjured runners.Design:Retrospective case-control study.Setting:University campus.Participants:Twenty runners with a history of lower-extremity overuse injury and 20 noninjured runners were examined. Injured runners were subcategorized into 2 groups based on site of injury: foot/ankle and knee/hip.Main Outcome Measures:Active absolute joint-repositioning error of the ankle at 20° inversion and 10° eversion and the knee at 15° and 40° flexion was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. Vibratory threshold at the calcaneus, arch, and great toe was determined for each subject using a handheld electric sensory threshold instrument.Results:Runners in the injured-foot/ankle group had increased absolute error during ankle-eversion repositioning (6.55° ± 3.58°) compared with those in the noninjured (4.04° ± 1.78°, P = .01) and the hip/knee (3.63° ± 2.2°, P = .01) groups. Runners in the injured group, as a whole, had greater sensitivity in the arch of the plantar surface (2.94 ± 0.52 V) than noninjured runners (2.38 ± 0.53 V, P = .02).Conclusions:Differences in ankle-eversion proprioception between runners with a history of ankle and foot injuries and noninjured runners were observed. Runners with a history of injury also displayed an increased vibratory threshold in the arch region compared with noninjured runners. Poor ankle-joint-position sense and increased plantar sensitivity suggest altered sensorimotor function after injury. These factors may influence underlying postural control and contribute to altered loading responses commonly observed in injured runners.
Coupled coincidence point results for compatible mappings in partially ordered probabilistic metric spaces
Authors: Choudhury Binayak S. , Das Pradyut 
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we establish coupled coincidence point results in probabilistic metric spaces with a partial order. The main theorem has several corollaries and is supported with an example. The corollaries are shown to be properly contained in the main theorem. By an application of a corollary we obtained a corresponding result in metric spaces which is also supported with an example. Some results in [Nonlinear Anal. 74 (2011) 6451–6458] and [Nonlinear Anal. 71 (2009) 1833–1843] are extended in this paper. The extensions are shown to be actual with the help of an example. We use Hadžić type t-norm in this paper. The methodology of the proofs in this work is a blending of analytic and order theoretic approaches.
A new genus of speleophriid copepod (Copepoda: Misophrioida) from a cenote in the Yucatan, Mexico with a phylogenetic analysis at the species level
Authors: BOXSHALL GEOFF A. , ZYLINSKI SARAH , JAUME DAMIÀ , ILIFFE THOMAS M. , SUÁREZ-MORALES EDUARDO 
Published: June 2014

A new genus and species of speleophriid copepod, Mexicophria cenoticola gen. et sp. nov., is described based on material collected from a cenote in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. It is characterised by relatively reduced fifth legs that are located adjacent to the ventral midline in both sexes, by the possession of a bulbous swelling on the first antennulary segment in both sexes, and by the reduced setation of the swimming legs. The presence of just one inner margin seta on the second endopodal segment of legs 2 to 4 is a unique feature for the family. A phylogenetic analysis places the new genus on a basal lineage of the family together with its sister taxon, Boxshallia Huys, 1988, from Lanzarote in the Canary Islands, and recovers the existing genera as monophyletic units. The zoogeography is discussed at local, regional, ocean basin and global scales.
The Impact of Computed Tomography of the Chest on the Management of Patients in a Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Awerbuch Elizabeth , Benavides Miguel , Gershengorn Hayley B. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose: To understand whether chest computed tomographies (CTs) have utility in a medical intensive care unit (MICU) population as previously noted in nonmedical critically ill patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients receiving chest CTs in the MICU at an urban, academic institution. Indications for, findings on, and care changes made after chest CT were obtained. We identified patient characteristics associated with having a care change clearly related to the CT using multivariate regression. Results: We evaluated 134 patients; 64 (47.8%) had a chest CT with intravenous contrast. Common findings included pulmonary consolidation (46.3%), nonconsolidative pulmonary parenchymal disease (29.1%), and pleural effusion (35.1%). Of the chest CTs, 23.9% were followed by changes in management clearly related to the study. Use of intravenous contrast was associated with increased odds of having a care change (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval [CI] versus noncontrast study: 3.14 [1.18-8.37], P = .022) and having the CT performed 1 or 2 days after ICU admission versus on the day of ICU admission was associated with lower odds of a care change (odds ratio [95% CI]: 0.29 [0.09-0.99], P = .048). Conclusion: Less than one-quarter of chest CTs in the MICU result in management. Intravenous contrast-enhanced CTs and CTs done on the day of ICU admission have increased odds of utility.
A Comparative Histopathological Study of Heparin Coated and Uncoated Polytetrafluoroethylene Shunts in Children With Congenital Heart Defect
Authors: Hörer Jürgen , Cleuziou Julie , Kasnar-Samprec Jelena , Schreiber Christian , Balling Gunter , Foth Rudi , Lange Rüdiger , Sigler Matthias 
Published: June 2014

Objective: Recently, heparin coated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) shunts are available and are believed to improve inherent shunt problems such as thrombosis and excessive and incomplete neointima formation or occlusion. We aimed at comparing the potential histopathological differences in the neointima (in) between uncoated (UCS) PTFE shunts and heparin coated (HCS) PTFE shunts. Materials and Methods: Thirteen shunts (six UCS and seven HCS) were analyzed. The specimens were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin or in methylmethacrylate, and characterized by standard and immunohistochemical staining. The thickness of pseudointima proliferation was graded as follows: 0 = no cell layers, 1 = few layers <100 µm, 2 = partial layers >100 µm, 3 = complete layers <300 µm, 4 = complete layers >300 µm, and 5 = occlusion. Results: Mean shunt size was 3.4 ± 0.2 mm in UCS and 3.1 ± 0.2 mm in HCS ( P = .053). Mean time of implantation was 163 ± 75 days in UCS and 97 ± 52 days in HCS ( P = .091). There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with functionally single ventricle, body surface area, age at implantation, or implantation type, between both groups. Shunt occlusion did not occur. Unplanned shunt explantation due to cyanosis was performed in one patient in each group. Partial thrombus formation was observed in one UCS ( P = .462). There was complete endothelialization in 50% of UCS and 86% of HCS ( P = .266). The grade of pseudointima proliferation was 1.8 ± 0.4 in UCS and 1.7 ± 0.5 in HCS ( P = .646). Conclusions: The histopathological workup of PTFE shunts revealed equally partial endothelialization and discrete pseudointima proliferation in both the groups. The process of endothelialization may be faster in HCS.