bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute toxicity of maneb in the tadpoles of common and green toad / Akutna toksičnost maneba u punoglavaca smeđe i zelene krastače
Authors: Gürkan Mert , Hayretdağ Sibel 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Pesticides used in agriculture can have hazardous effects on aquatic organisms, and amphibians are even more threatened than other aquatic vertebrates. Maneb is widely used to control fungal diseases on crops, fruits, and vegetables. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxic effects of maneb on the common (Bufo bufo) and green toad (Pseudepidalea viridis) tadpoles. Tadpoles at the development stage 21 were exposed to maneb (0-5 mg L-1) for 120 h. Maneb LC50 values at hour 120 were 1.966 mg L-1 for B. bufo and 0.332 mg L-1 for P. viridis. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first published LC50 findings for the two species. Visceral oedema and tail deformations were observed in both species. We also observed liver necrosis, pronephric tubule deformations, somite deteriorations, and visceral oedema at maneb concentrations ≥0.1 mg L-1 for B. bufo and ≥0.05 mg L-1 for P. viridis. Our results show that B. bufo tadpoles have a much higher resilience to maneb than P. viridis tadpoles. This resilience seems to be related to the larger size of the B. bufo tadpoles and their ability to metamorphose faster in adverse conditions. Future research should look into the mechanisms of toxic action of maneb in anurans.
Accidental discovery of asbestos-related occupational pleural disease in unemployed carpenter: a healthcare safety net that needs mending / Poklicna bolezen plevre zaradi izpostavljenosti azbestu pri mizarju
Authors: Manfredo Irena 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Unemployed persons are often on the margins of the healthcare system and under the radar of safety and health organisations, as no systematic records are kept of occupational diseases caused by exposure at previous work place. Law in Slovenia requires that asbestos-related occupational diseases are verified by establishing the causal relationship between exposure at work and its effect on the worker. This report describes a case of verifying occupational pleural disease in an unemployed carpenter who was referred for consultation with occupational health specialist as part of the regular procedure for the unemployed registered at the Employment Service of Slovenia. At the consultation it turned out that the carpenter had been exposed to asbestos when he worked as a teenage apprentice. The diagnosis of the bilateral pleural disease and asbestosis was confirmed by X-ray and high-resolution computed tomography. Because he had no record of exposure in that period, we analysed his past working environment for minerals and found chrysotile in all asbestos board samples. The case was presented to an interdisciplinary committee, which verified his disease as occupational. This case points to the need of adopting guidelines for occupational health specialists providing counsel to the national employment service so that the number of unrecorded occupational diseases is minimised and their treatment is covered by the state.
Electronic Levels Of Cr2+ Ion Doped In II-VI Compounds Of ZnS – Crystal Field Treatment
Authors: Ivaşcu Simona 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The aim of present paper is to report the results on the modeling of the crystal field and spin-Hamiltonian parameters of Cr2+ doped in II-VI host matrix ZnS and simulate the energy levels scheme of such system taken into account the fine interactions entered in the Hamiltonian of the system. All considered types of such interaction are expected to give information on the new peculiarities of the absorption and emission bands, as well as of non-radiative transitions between the electronic states of impurity ions. The obtained results were disscused, compared with similar obtained results in literature and with experimental data.
The Influence Of Component Alignment On The Life Of Total Knee Prostheses
Authors: Bugariu Delia , Bereteu Liviu 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
An arthritic knee affects the patient’s life by causing pain and limiting movement. If the cartilage and the bone surfaces are severely affected, the natural joint is replaced with an artificial joint. The procedure is called total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Lately, the numbers of implanted total knee prostheses grow steadily. An important factor in TKA is the perfect alignment of the total knee prosthesis (TKP) components. Component misalignment can lead to the prosthesis loss by producing wear particles. The paper proposes a study on mechanical behaviors of a TKP based on numerical analysis, using ANSYS software. The numerical analysis is based on both the normal and the changed angle of the components alignment.
Using Algebraic Computing To Teach General Relativity And Cosmology
Authors: Vulcanov Dumitru N. , Boată Remus-Ştefan Ş. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The article presents some new aspects and experience on the use of computer in teaching general relativity and cosmology for undergraduate students (and not only) with some experience in computer manipulation. Some years ago certain results were reported [1] using old fashioned computer algebra platforms but the growing popularity of graphical platforms as Maple and Mathematica forced us to adapt and reconsider our methods and programs. We will describe some simple algebraic programming procedures (in Maple with GrTensorII package) for obtaining and the study of some exact solutions of the Einstein equations in order to convince a dedicated student in general relativity about the utility of a computer algebra system.
Qualitative Alleviation Of War Reparations In Jus Post Bellum: Analysis Of Travaux Préparatoires Of Article 16 Of The Treaty Of Peace With Japan
Authors: Minai Keisuke 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
As a case study contributing to empirical and inductive specifications of the jus post bellum principle for reparations, the author conducts an analysis of a provision of the Treaty of Peace with Japan that mandates that Japan make reparations from attached Japanese assets in neutral and ex-Axis countries to compensate the Allied prisoners of war. This study’s findings elucidate the legal significance of the provision that war reparations can be qualitatively alleviated by virtue of substituting assets for pecuniary reparations, hence presenting inductive substantiation for implementing the jus post bellum principle for reparations.
Lessons From The EU-Russia Sanctions 2014-2015
Authors: Veebel Viljar , Markus Raul 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This article analyzes and discusses the objectives of the sanctions implemented by the European Union against Russia and Russian countermeasures against EU member states in 2014-2015, by comparing the official aims with the options expressed in theoretical debates and experiences gained from historical lessons. In principle, the study seeks an answer to the question: what could be realistically achieved as a result of the current form of restricted sanctions and what stays beyond their reach. Methodologically, this article focuses on the evaluation of the ability of theoretical models to explain the logic of anti-Russian sanctions and debates the options of the outcomes of current formation of sanctions in light of theoretical models.
Efficient Emergency Event Tracking Using Features of Web Data
Authors: Wu Qunhui , Lv Jianghua , Wang Hao , Ma Shilong 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Huge amount of information has become now available in web services due to their popularity. This web data contains user-contributed information for a variety of emergency events. However, tracking these emergency events is often limited by the lack of efficient tools to analyze the potential events or topics over time, since these events are inherently difficult to predict due to the interference of other unpredictable evolutions. In this paper we propose a two-phase approach, in which we first introduce a novel extraction algorithm to acquire relevant web data and then we utilize a limit theory to determine the periodical convergence time of a specific event, and an event tracking model is constructed using the extracted web data. Based on the significance of multiple features weights and clustering solutions, the interplay between the ordinary events and latent events is discovered to efficiently track the emergency events. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
The side effects of translational omics: overtesting, overdiagnosis, overtreatment
Authors: Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Li Michelle 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHigh-throughput technologies such as next-generation genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics are capable of generating massive amounts of data quickly, and at relatively low costs. It is tempting to use this data for various medical applications including preclinical disease detection and for prediction of disease predisposition. Pilot projects, initiated by various research groups and Google, are currently underway, but results with not be available for a few years. We here summarize some possible difficulties with these approaches, by using examples from already tried cancer and other screening programs. Population screening, especially with multiparametric algorithms, will identify at least some false positive parameters and screening programs will identify abnormal results in otherwise healthy individuals. Whole genome sequencing will identify genetic changes of unknown significance and may not predict accurately future disease predisposition if the disease is also influenced by environmental factors. In screening programs, if the disease is rare, the positive predictive value of the test will be low, even if the test has excellent sensitivity and specificity. False positive results may require invasive procedures to delineate. Furthermore, screening programs are not effective if the cancer grows quickly, and will identify indolent forms of the disease with slow-growing tumors. It has also been recently shown that for some cancers, more intensive and radical treatments do not usually lead to better clinical outcomes. We conclude that new omics testing technologies should avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment and need to be evaluated for overall clinical benefit before introduction to the clinic.
Omics-based approaches and their use in the assessment of microbial-influenced corrosion of metals
Authors: Beale David J. , Karpe Avinash V. , Jadhav Snehal , Muster Tim H. , Palombo Enzo A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMicrobial-influenced corrosion (MIC) has been known to have economic, environmental, and social implications to offshore oil and gas pipelines, concrete structures, and piped water assets. While corrosion itself is a relatively simple process, the localised manner of corrosion makes in situ assessments difficult. Furthermore, corrosion assessments tend to be measured as part of a forensic investigation. Compounding the issue further is the impact of microbiological/biofilm processes, where corrosion is influenced by the complex processes of different microorganisms performing different electrochemical reactions and secreting proteins and metabolites that can have secondary effects. While traditional microbiological culture-dependent techniques and electrochemical/physical assessments provide some insight into corrosion activity, the identity and role of microbial communities that are related to corrosion and corrosion inhibition in different materials and in different environments are scarce. One avenue to explore MIC and MIC inhibition is through the application of omics-based techniques, where insight into the bacterial population in terms of diversification and their metabolism can be further understood. As such, this paper discusses the recent progresses made in a number of fields that have used omics-based applications to improve the fundamental understanding of biofilms and MIC processes.
Neonatal spinal cord injury after an uncomplicated caesarean section
Authors: Fazzi Anisia , Messner Hubert , Stuefer Josef , Staffler Alex 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Introduction: Spinal cord injury of the newborn is a rare and critical condition which is typically reported after difficult deliveries. The few cases of spinal cord injury after caesarean section reported in literature are usually associated with intrauterine hyperextension of the head. However, in exceptional cases the authors described intrauterine vascular insults as a possible cause for spinal cord lesions during pregnancy.

Presentation of the case: A term infant was born after an uncomplicated caesarean section following cephalic presentation. Pregnancy was reported as uneventful. Foetal ultrasounds were normal and showed no evidence of hyperextension of the head. Although the boy was in good general conditions after birth, he showed a flaccid paralysis of both upper extremities with absent deep tendon reflexes and missing pain response. Other neurologic findings like general tonus and reactivity as well as spontaneous movements of both lower extremities were adequate. A spinal MRI performed at 48 h of life showed intact brachial plexuses with evidence of spinal cord lesion compatible with an ischemic injury. Accurate anamnesis revealed that the mother had perceived reduced foetal movements in the last 2 days before birth, suggesting a possible intrauterine origin of the ischaemic event.

Conclusion: Our case reinforces the hypothesis that small ischaemic spinal cord lesions may occur during uncomplicated pregnancy. Therefore, such lesions may not always be related to a difficult delivery. Irrespective of the cause, treatment and parental counselling remain challenging due to the rarity of reported cases.
Prenatal diagnosis of holoprosencephaly with proboscis and cyclopia caused by monosomy 18p resulting from unbalanced whole-arm translocation of 18;21
Authors: Yamasaki Yui , Miyahara Yoshiya , Tanimura Kenji , Ebina Yasuhiko , Morita Hiroki , Yamada Hideto 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA case of holoprosencephaly (HPE) with proboscis, fused eyes in one orbit, and cyclopia was diagnosed by fetal ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasonographic examination at 28 weeks of gestation showed fusion of the frontal part of the brain and ventricular dilation. Subsequent CT and MRI examinations confirmed this anomaly as alobar HPE. Amniocentesis followed by chromosome analysis demonstrated karyotype asde novo45,XY, der (18;21)(q10;q10), with deletion of a short arm of chromosome 18. The pregnancy ended in a premature delivery of a male neonate weighing 1716 g at 34 weeks. Macroscopically, there were mid-frontal proboscis and single orbit with two eyes without normal nasal structures. He died 1 h after birth.
Etiologies of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in children – systematic review of 1092 subjects
Authors: Clark Michelle , Aronoff Stephen , Del Vecchio Michael 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background: Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria is common in children. No systematic review providing an evidence based approach for the differential diagnosis of these children has been performed.

Contents: Multiple data bases were search. The PRISMA criteria were followed. Data regarding the etiology of the hematuria were extracted using a standardized extraction tool. Seven studies encompassing 1092 children (857 with isolated microscopic hematuria and 235 with combined microscopic hematuria and proteinuria), comprise this review. A total 42.4% of isolated microscopic and 81.3% of microscopic hematuria and proteinuria subjects had identified etiologies. Thin basement membrane nephritis (15.2%), IgA nephropathy (10.4%), and hypercalciuria without nephrolithiasis (7.7%), were the most common etiologies among children with isolated microscopic hematuria. IgA nephropathy (44.3%), thin basement membrane disease (12.8%), and mesangial proliferative glomerulosclerosis (8.9%) were the most common etiologies among children with combined microscopic hematuria and proteinuria.

Conclusion: The present study provides an evidenced based resource, based on a systematic review, for the differential diagnosis of asymptomatic hematuria in children. Additionally, these observations suggest that children with isolated microscopic hematuria should be followed for persistence of hematuria or the development of proteinuria. Children with combined microscopic hematuria and proteinuria should be comprehensively evaluated.
Application Of Nanotechnology In Agriculture And Food Industry, Its Prospects And Risks
Authors: Jampílek Josef , Kráľová Katarína 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Nanoagrochemicals, such as nanopesticides, nanofertilizers or plant growth stimulating nanosystems, were primarily designed to increase solubility, enhance bioavailability, targeted delivery, controlled release and/or protection against degradation resulting in the reduced amount of applied active ingredients and finally in a decrease of dose-dependent toxicity/burden. This paper is a comprehensive up-to-date review related to the preparation and the biological activity of nanoformulations enabling gradual release of active ingredient into weeds and the body of pests and controlled release of nutrients to plants. The attention is also devoted to the decrease of direct environmental burden and economic benefits due to application of nanoformulations, where less amount of active ingredient is needed to achieve the same biological effect in comparison with bulk. The application of nanotechnology in the areas such as food packaging, food security, encapsulation of nutrients and development of new functional products is analysed. The use of nanoparticles in biosensors for detection of pathogens and contaminants as well as in DNA and gene delivery is discussed as well. Benefits and health risks of nanoagrochemicals are highlighted, and special attention is given to nanoecotoxicology and guidelines and regulatory documents related to the use of nanoformulations in agriculture and food industry.
Concentration Changes Of PM10 Under Liquid Precipitation Conditions
Authors: Olszowski Tomasz 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This study reports the results of field research into variability of the scavenging coefficient (Λ) of suspended dust comprising particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 mm. Registration of PM10 over 7 years in conditions of the occurrence of rainfall (convective light showers, large-scale precipitation and storms) was undertaken in an undeveloped rural area. The analysis involved 806 observations taken at constant time intervals of 0.5 hour. The measurements of the concentration of PM10 were performed by means of a reference method accompanied by concurrent registration of basic meteorological parameters. It was found that, for PM10, the scavenging efficiency is considerably influenced by rainfall intensity R and the type of precipitation. In the case of convective precipitation, data on Λ are only partially related to “classical approach” of rain scavenging. Within the range of comparable values of rainfall intensity, the type of wet deposition (except for storms) does not influence the effectiveness of scavenging PM10 from the ground-level zone. The large number of observations conducted in real-time conditions yielded a proposal of simple regression model, which can be deemed suitable for the description of variability Λ (DPM10), but only to a limited extent for large-scale precipitation. The collected results can be applied in air pollution dispersion models and deposition and were found to be generally representative for areas with similar climatic characteristics.
Evaluation Of Transport Mechanism Of Contaminant Particles In Small Water Systems In Poland
Authors: Hofman Adam , Sowiński Jarosław , Dziubiński Marek 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The change in water quality in small water systems is strongly affected by sediment particles. Their transport, deposition and re-suspension due to variability in water demand has a significant impact on the change in water quality. Two significant mechanism of deposit transport and deposition i.e. turbophoresis and turbulent diffusion have been described in the literature. The paper presents the mechanisms of turbophoresis and turbulent diffusion. These phenomena have an impact on the quality of water in small water systems. The aim of the study is to propose procedures of identifying areas of mechanism of particle movement and their accumulation in small water system networks. Simulation of the flow of small water-pipe network at Niewiesz was used for the study. That water pipeline is situated in the central Poland. Many rural areas in Poland have a similar architecture. Modeling of movement of contaminant in close wall areas in pipelines is presented. The article presents the discussion concerning the areas where the mechanisms of turbophoresis and turbulent diffusion occur in the transport of solid particles in water supply systems. The relations between deposition and transporting of particles in turbulent flows depend on a number of parameters, including: particle size, localization of particles in the pipe (at given time), as well as the turbulence of flow. These parameters change depending on the water demand. The type of these changes depends on pipe diameters, material from which the pipes and the fittings are made, water demand and initial quality of water.
Sewage Sludge-To-Energy Management In Eastern Europe: A Polish Perspective
Authors: Werle Sebastian 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Sewage Sludge Directive 86/278/EEC was adopted about 30 years ago with a view to encourage sewage sludge reuse in agriculture and to regulate its use. Meanwhile, some EU Member States have adopted stricter standards and management practices than those specified in the Directive. In particular, the majority of Member States has introduced more stringent standards for sludge quality, including stricter limits for most potentially toxic elements, organic contaminants and other elements. In general, untreated sludge is no longer applied and in several Member States it is prohibited. In some cases, stringent standards have resulted in an effective ban on use of sludge in agriculture. Moreover, the implementation of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive 91/271/EC should increase EU production of sewage sludge, thus enhancing problems related to sustainable sewage sludge management. Additionally, European legislation prohibits the landfill and water deposits of sewage sludge. The latest trends in the field of sludge management, ie combustion, pyrolysis, gasification and co-combustion, have generated significant scientific interest. This trend is specially strong visible in “new” EU Members countries which have to introduce strong EU Directive in their low system. Here the review the state of knowledge and technology in thermal methods for the utilization of municipal sewage sludge to obtain useful forms of energy such as pyrolysis, gasification, combustion, and co-combustion taking into consideration Poland situation is presented.
Thermotropic behavior of celecoxib-loaded beta-casein micelles: relevance to the improved bioavailability
Authors: Perlstein Hadas , Turovsky Tanya , Gimeson Peter , Cohen Rivka , Rubinstein Abraham , Danino Dganit , Barenholz Yechezkel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe physico-chemical characterization of novel celecoxib-loaded beta-casein micelles (Cx/bCN) was recently described and its superiority in enhancing celecoxib bioavailability after intraduodenal administration to pigs was demonstrated. Here, using solution differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) combined with analysis of size distribution by DLS, zeta potential and changes in composition we demonstrate that the above superiority may be related to the thermotropic behavior of these micelles under physiological conditions. DSC of Cx/bCN reveals a characteristic irreversible exotherm upon heating, having its temperature of maximal change in heat capacity (T