bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL5RA polymorphisms, smoking and eczema in Japanese women: the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study
Authors: Miyake Y. , Tanaka K. , Arakawa M. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe present case–control study examined the relationship between IL5RA SNPs and eczema in young adult Japanese women. Cases and control subjects were selected from pregnant women who participated in the baseline survey of the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study, which is an ongoing prebirth cohort study. Cases comprised 188 women with eczema in the previous 12 months as defined according to the criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), regardless of the presence of a doctor's diagnosis of atopic eczema. Control subjects comprised 1130 women without eczema as defined according to the ISAAC criteria who also had not been diagnosed with atopic eczema by a doctor. Compared with the AA genotype of IL5RA SNP rs17881144, the AT genotype, but not the TT genotype, was significantly associated with a decreased risk of eczema. The ATTAGA haplotype and the GTAGCA haplotype of rs17882210, rs3804797, rs334809, rs9831572, rs6771148 and rs17881144 were significantly associated with an increased risk of eczema. In contrast, the GCTGCA haplotype was significantly related to a decreased risk of eczema. Multiplicative interactions between IL5RA SNPs rs334809 and rs17881144 and smoking with respect to eczema were marginally significant (P = 0.07 and 0.07, respectively). This is the first study to show significant associations between IL5RA SNP rs17881144, the ATTAGA haplotype, the GTAGCA haplotype, and the GCTGCA haplotype and eczema. Smoking may modify the relationships between SNPs rs334809 and rs17881144 and eczema.
Attitudes of adolescents towards sexual health in three cities from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Puharić D. , Borovac J.A. , Petrov B. 
Published: December 2014

AimThis study aimed to determine the attitudes of adolescents towards sexual health and to assess their understanding of contraception use and knowledge about sexually transmitted infections in three ethnically different areas of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.MethodsA total of 146 adolescent high school students between 17 and 19 years of age from three different cities were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. The participants completed two anonymous questionnaires: one that measured attitudes towards safe sex practice and another that measured contraception and general sexual health knowledge.ResultsShame was identified as the main factor why adolescents did not seek information about sexual health and contraception. On average, respondents correctly answered only 35% of questions regarding sexual health. Adolescents from East Mostar, with a predominantly Bosniak population, had more positive attitudes towards safe sex and showed less contraception knowledge in comparison to their colleagues from two cities in Croatia.LimitationsOur study design might be burdened by socially desirable reporting and other biases inherent to the survey design.ConclusionAdolescents from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, countries that experienced war and are still undergoing post‐communist socio‐economic transition, generally did not have adequate knowledge with respect to safe sex lifestyles. Respondents had major problems identifying sexually transmitted infections and their knowledge about contraception was insufficient.Implications for nursing and health policyProviding care for adolescent populations should address specificities in local ethnical and socio‐economical circumstances. There is a need for further studies to determine social, cultural and religious factors influencing the knowledge and attitudes towards sexual health in order to provide most effective interventions for specific adolescent populations.
The influence of ethnicity on organizational commitment and merit pay of IT workers: the role of leader support
Authors: Windeler Jaime B. , Riemenschneider Cynthia K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractProjections of looming shortages in the supply of skilled IT workers, along with high employee replacement costs, make employee attraction, retention and support a pressing concern for organizations. One potential remedy for these shortages is to focus more attention on historically underrepresented groups. We explore ways organizations can support ethnic minority IT professionals to enhance their career success. Integrating affective, cognitive and social perspectives through affective events theory and social exchange theory, our objective is to explore the implications of ethnic minority status for the relationship between leader support (i.e., mentoring and leader–member exchange (LMX)) and subjective and objective indicators of career success (i.e., organizational commitment and merit pay) among IT workers. To test the model, we conducted a field study of 289 IT workers in a Fortune 500 company. Our results showed that LMX influenced organizational commitment for ethnic minorities, while career mentoring and LMX influenced organizational commitment for majorities. Psychosocial mentoring influenced merit pay for ethnic minorities, while neither LMX nor mentoring influenced merit pay for majorities. Our study contributes to the literature on IT personnel issues by exploring how and why these leader support mechanisms enhance organizational commitment and merit pay for IT workers. Moreover, we demonstrate that ethnicity is an important consideration for researchers studying organizational commitment, merit pay, mentoring and LMX. Our findings suggest that managers can boost organizational commitment among IT workers by focusing on LMX and career mentoring. Moreover, they may want to place particular emphasis on psychosocial mentoring and interventions to enhance LMX for their ethnic minority IT workers.
Are anti‐inflammatory agents effective in treating gingivitis as solo or adjunct therapies? A systematic review
Authors: Polak David , Martin Conchita , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Beyth Nurit , Shapira Lior 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveSystematically review the scientific evidence for efficiency of anti‐inflammatory agents against gingivitis, either as solo treatments or adjunctive therapies.MethodsA protocol was developed aimed to answer the following focused question: “Are anti‐inflammatory agents effective in treating gingivitis as solo or adjunct therapies?” RCTs and cohort studies on anti‐inflammatory agents against gingivitis studies were searched electronically. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted. The primary outcome measures were indices of gingival inflammation. A sub‐analysis was performed dividing the active agents into anti‐inflammatory and other drugs.ResultsThe search identified 3188 studies, of which 14 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The use of anti‐inflammatory or other agents, in general showed a higher reduction in the test than in the control in terms of gingival indexes and bleeding scores. Only two RCTs on inflammatory drugs could be meta‐analysed, showing a statistically significant reduction in the GI in the experimental group [WMD = −0.090; 95% CI (−0.105; −0.074); p = 0.000]. However, the contribution of both studies to the global result was unbalanced (% weight: 99.88 and 0.12 respectively).ConclusionsMost of the tested material showed beneficial effect as anti‐inflammatory agents against gingivitis, either as a single treatment modality or as an adjunctive therapy.
Craniocerebral gunshot wound in a baby chimpanzee – an uncommon experience of neurosurgical treatment conducted in the Guinean forest
Authors: Champeaux C. , Raballand E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn orphan female chimpanzee was wounded by a left craniocerebral gunshot complicated with a right hemiparesis. Local treatment and long‐term antibiotherapy failed to lead to healing. A neurosurgical procedure was planned and achieved. She fully recovered, and 2 years after the procedure, there is no evidence of infection.
Clinical and Neuroimaging Profile of Children with Lesions in the Corpus Callosum
Authors: Harini Chellamani , Das Rohit R. , Prabhu Sanjay P. , Singh Kanwaljit , Haldar Amit , Takeoka Masanori , Bergin Ann M. , Loddenkemper Tobias , Kothare Sanjeev V. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPURPOSET2‐hyperintense signal changes in corpus callosum (CC) have been described in epilepsy and encephalitis/encephalopathy. Little is known about their pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical presentation and evolution of CC lesions and relationship to seizures.METHODSWe identified 12 children among 29,634 patients from Radiology Database. We evaluated following characteristics: seizures and accompanying medical history, antiepileptic drug usage, presenting symptoms, and radiological evolution of lesions.RESULTSCC lesions were seen in patients with prior diagnosis of epilepsy (n = 5) or in those with new onset seizures (n = 3), or with encephalitis/encephalopathy without history of seizures (n = 4). Seizure clustering or disturbances of consciousness were the main presenting symptoms. No relationship was observed between CC lesion and AEDs. On imaging, ovoid lesions at presentation resolved on follow up imaging and linear lesions persisted. DTI showed that the fibers passing through splenial lesions originated from the posterior parietal cortex and occipital cortex bilaterally.CONCLUSIONIn patients with seizures, no clear relationship was demonstrated between seizure characteristics or AED use with CC lesions. Ovoid lesions resolved and may have different pathophysiologic mechanism when compared to linear lesions that persisted.
TMD pain is partly heritable. A systematic review of family studies and genetic association studies
Authors: Visscher C. M. , Lobbezoo F. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe aim of this study was to describe the current knowledge on the role of heritability in TMD pain through a systematic review of the literature, including familiar aggregation studies and genetic association studies. For the systematic search of the literature, the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines were followed. In total, 21 studies were included in the review, including five familiar aggregation studies and 16 genetic association studies. From both familiar aggregation studies and genetic association studies, modest evidence for the role of heritability in TMD pain was found. The literature mainly suggests genetic contributions from candidate genes that encode proteins involved in the processing of painful stimuli from the serotonergic and catecholaminergic system. This systematic review shows that the evidence for the role of heritability in the development of TMD pain is cumulating.
Section 5(4) (nurse's holding power) of the Mental Health Act 1983: a literature review
Authors: Ashmore R. 
Published: December 2014

Accessible summary
Section 5(4) (nurse's holding power) of the Mental Health Act 1983 permits nurses of the ‘prescribed class’ to detain an informal inpatient. The patient must already be receiving treatment for mental disorder. The section lasts for up to 6 h.
Section 5(4) is over 30 years old; however, there is relatively little literature exploring its use.
Existing literature has limited itself to surveys and audits investigating: nurses' opinions of Section 5(4); nurses' knowledge of Section 5(4); and trends associated with the implementation of Section 5(4).
The literature review suggests that what is known about the implementation of Section 5(4) is incomplete. For example, there are no accounts of how and why the holding power is implemented from both a nursing and patient perspective.
AbstractSection 5(4) (nurse's holding power) of the Mental Health Act 1983 in England and Wales accounts for 10% (n = 1714) of all detentions after admission to hospital. It is followed by further detention in 66% of cases and may require nurses to restrain, seclude or closely observe the patient to prevent them harming themselves and/or others. To conduct a literature review of empirical articles concerning the implementation of Section 5(4), a literature search was undertaken in ASSIA, British Nursing Index, Medline, PsycINFO and Lawtel, using a combination of the keywords ‘Section 5(4)’, ‘nurse's holding powers’, ‘holding powers’, ‘Mental Health Act 1983’, ‘MHA’, ‘compulsory detention’, ‘formal detention’, ‘emergency psychiatric interventions’, ‘containment interventions’ and ‘involuntary commitment’. Twenty‐five articles were included in the review. Existing literature has focused on surveys and audits investigating: nurses' opinions of Section 5(4); nurses' knowledge of Section 5(4); and trends associated with the implementation of Section 5(4). While this literature has provided some insights into the implementation of Section 5(4), it is clear that what is known about its use is incomplete. Further research is required to examine a number of areas, for example, how and why the section is implemented.
Barriers to mental health care in Japan: Results from the World Mental Health Japan Survey
Authors: Kanehara Akiko , Umeda Maki , Kawakami Norito ,   the World Mental Health Japan Survey Group
Published: December 2014

AimsThe reasons for accessing and maintaining access to mental health services in Japan may be different to those in other countries. Using the World Health Organization World Mental Health Japan survey data, this study investigated the prevalence of sociodemographic correlates of barriers for the use of, reasons for delayed access to, and reasons for dropping out from mental health care in a Japanese community‐based sample.MethodsAn interview survey was conducted with a random sample of residents living in 11 communities across Japan during the years 2002–2006. Data from 4130 participants were analyzed.ResultsThe most frequently reported reason for not seeking mental health care was a low perceived need (63.9%). The most common reason for delaying access to help was the wish to handle the problem on one's own (68.8%), while the most common reason for dropping out of care was also a low perceived need (54.2%). Being a woman and of younger age were key sociodemographic barriers to the use of mental health services.ConclusionsLow perceived need was a major reason for not seeking, delay in using, and dropout from mental health services in Japan. In addition, low perceived need and structural barriers were more frequently reported than attitudinal barriers, with the exception of a desire to handle the problem on one's own. These findings suggest that improving therapist–patient communication and quality of mental health care, as well as mental health literacy education in the community, might improve access to care in Japan.
Melon chlorotic mosaic virus and associated alphasatellite from Venezuela: genetic variation and sap transmission of a begomovirus–satellite complex
Authors: Romay G. , Lecoq H. , Desbiez C. 
Published: December 2014

Begomoviruses represent one of the most damaging virus groups on many important crops worldwide. In Venezuela, the begomovirus Melon chlorotic mosaic virus (MeCMV) is the major constraint for melon and watermelon production. MeCMV has been associated with the satellite Melon chlorotic mosaic alphasatellite (MeCMA). Full‐length genome sequencing of 20 and 35 isolates of MeCMV and MeCMA, respectively, was carried out to estimate their genetic variability. Furthermore, mechanical transmission assays of MeCMV alone, or in conjunction with MeCMA, were performed. Genetic variation was low among MeCMV isolates, which exhibited 97–100% nucleotide identity for the DNA‐A component and 95–100% for the DNA‐B component. Alphasatellite isolates were highly variable ranging from 86·5 to 100% nucleotide identity. MeCMV isolates were phylogenetically related to begomoviruses belonging to the Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) clade, while MeCMA isolates were clustered in two subgroups related to alphasatellites from the New World (Cuba and Brazil). MeCMV has a host range restricted to cucurbit species and two experimental hosts: Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana clevelandii. MeCMV can be mechanically transmitted with up to 100% efficiency in melon. The physiological stage of the inoculated organ (cotyledon or leaf) represents a key factor for inoculation efficiency. This result provides a simple and reliable inoculation method to develop extensive screening for MeCMV resistance sources. In addition, the complex MeCMV + MeCMA was mechanically transmitted to melon, N. benthamiana and N. clevelandii plantlets and successfully back‐transmitted. To the authors’ knowledge, this finding is the first evidence of sap transmission for a begomovirus–satellite complex.
SARA: a “new” low‐frequencyMNSantigen (MNS47) provides further evidence of the extreme diversity of theMNSblood group system
Authors: McBean Rhiannon S. , Hyland Catherine A. , Hendry Julia L. , Shabani‐Rad Meer‐Taher , Flower Robert L. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundUntil recently,SARAH(SARA) was a low‐frequency antigen within the 700 series (700.052).SARAwas discovered inAustralia and subsequently described inCanada where anti‐SARAwas implicated in severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). This study investigated whetherSARAcould be recategorized into an existing, or novel, blood group system.Study Design and MethodsSerologically typedAustralianSARAfamily members (n = 9) were exome sequenced followed by bioinformatics analysis. Sanger sequencing ofExon 3 ofGYPAofAustralian (n = 9) andCanadian (n = 9) family members was then performed, as were peptide inhibition studies.ResultsExome sequencing identified 499,329 single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) within the nine individuals. Filtering excludedSNVswith anNCBI dbSNP ID(n = 482,177) and non–protein codingSNVs(n = 14,008); for the remaining 3144SNVs, only one, c.240G>TofGYPAencoding p.Arg80Ser, was present in all sixSARA‐positive individuals. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of c.240G>Tin theAustralianSARA‐positive individuals and demonstrated the same genetic basis in theCanadianSARAfamily. For a peptide representing theSARAsequence, inhibition of anti‐SARAagainstSARA‐positive cells was 84.6% at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL.ConclusionWe provide evidence that theSARAantigen is encoded by aSNVonGYPAandSARAhas been reassigned to theMNSblood group system, nowMNS47. This discovery provides a basis for application of genetic approaches inSARAtyping when clinically indicated, for example, inHDFN.
PCNA and grade in 13 canine oral squamous cell carcinomas: association with prognosis
Authors: Mestrinho L. A. , Faísca P. , Peleteiro M. C. , Niza M. M. R. E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study evaluated the prognosis factors of age, tumour size, anatomic location, histological grade and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in 13 dogs with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with bone invasion and without signs of lymph node or distant metastasis. All animals were treated with radical excision performed with at least 1 cm margin, based on computed tomography images. In the 2‐year follow‐up, median disease‐free survival was 138 days for dogs with grade 3 tumours and was not reached for those with grade 2 tumours. Grade 3 tumours and PCNA labelling index ≥65% were related with a shorter disease‐free survival time and consequently poor prognosis (p = 0.003 and p = 0.034, respectively). Mean PCNA labelling index was significantly higher in recurrent cases (p = 0.011). Histological grade and PCNA expression may be important prognosis factors in canine OSCC.
Molecular phylogeny of the deep‐sea penaeid shrimp genus Parapenaeus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata)
Authors: Yang Chien‐Hui , Sha Zhongli , Chan Tin‐Yam , Liu Ruiyu 
Published: December 2014

The commercial deep‐sea penaeid shrimp genus Parapenaeus contains 15 species, three subspecies and two forms in the Indo‐West Pacific and the Atlantic. Novel nucleotide sequence data from five different genes (COI, 16S, 12S, NaK and PEPCK) were collected to estimate phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status amongst all but one subspecies in this genus. The phylogenetic results only support two of the four species groups previously proposed for this genus and indicate an evolution direction of the genital organs from simple to complex. The present results suggest that Parapenaeus originated in the shallow waters of the West Pacific with subsequent migration to the deep sea and the Atlantic. The molecular data reveal that there was probably misidentification of females between Parapenaeus australiensis and Parapenaeus ruberoculatus, with females previously assigned as P. australiensis likely being the females of P. ruberoculatus, while material identified as P. australiensis forma nodosa being the true P. australiensis females. On the other hand, Parapenaeus longipes forma denticulata truly represents a variation of the same species, while the subspecies Parapenaeus fissuroides indicus warrants a specific rank.
THE GLYCOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF THE HEARTS OF VERTEBRATES
Authors: Wu Jone J. , Chang I. 
Published: December 2014

1. The glycolytic activity of the hearts of mammals, turtle, toad, and eel was studied in vitro. Under all the circumstances studied, such as the presence of alkali, lactic acid, or iodoacetate, the glycolytic activity is highest in the eel's heart, somewhat lower in the toad's and turtle's heart, and lowest in the mammal's heart.2. Since glycolysis forms probably the sole source of energy for the anaerobically beating heart, the above results seem to provide an explanation for the difference in the anaerobic activity of the hearts of vertebrates.
An electrophysiological study of the effects of atropine and physostigmine on transmission to the guinea‐pig vas deferens
Authors: Bell Christopher 
Published: December 2014

1. The effects of physostigmine and atropine on transmission to the longitudinal musculature of in vitro preparations of the guinea‐pig vas deferens have been examined using intracellular micro‐electrodes.2. Atropine (5 × 10−7 to 10−6 g/ml.) increased the rate of decay of excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) in response to post‐ganglionic stimulation.3. Physostigmine (5 × 10−6 g/ml.) reduced the mean resting potential of the muscle cells from ‐60·5 to ‐51·5 mV and lowered the voltage of post‐ganglionic stimulation necessary for initiation of an action potential in the muscle. In some but not all of the cells studied the time course of the EJP was markedly prolonged.4. At concentrations which did not alter the response to post‐ganglionic stimulation (5 × 10−7 to 10−6 g/ml.), physostigmine caused fully facilitated EJPs to appear with the first pulse of a preganglionic train of stimulation.5. Atropine antagonized all the above effects of physostigmine.6. Physostigmine (5 × 10−7 to 10−6 g/ml.) also lowered the voltage of preganglionic stimulation necessary for initiation of an action potential in the muscle. This effect was not antagonized by atropine.7. The results are interpreted as being evidence for the existence of separate cholinergic and adrenergic motor fibres to the musculature of the guinea‐pig vas deferens.