bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An innovative microwave system for wooden art object disinfestation
Authors: Pia Pastore Anna , Bisceglia Bruno , De Leo Roberto , Diaferia Nicola 
Published: November 2014

PurposeMany objects made up of wood, as well as paper and carpets with artistic or cultural value, are seriously damaged by various infesting microorganisms and often such damage is irreversible. The purpose of this paper is to describe an equipment which has been realized, able to induce, inside the object to be treated, having any shape, and in particular in the infesting agents, a uniform distribution of temperature.Design/methodology/approachThe equipment consists of a metallic shielding chamber where the objects to be disinfested are placed. Here, through appropriate openings in the walls, electromagnetic energy at the frequency of the microwaves is introduced. The electromagnetic waves provoke a heating effect in the infesting biological forms with no significant thermal effects in the materials of the artistic object due to the different dielectric characteristics and to the very little percentages of water in them.FindingsThe uniform distribution of temperature guarantees that the organisms or the microorganisms are heated up over their lethal temperature while the temperature reached by the object and its spatial variations do not provoke deformations.Practical implicationsThe current technologies employed in disinfestation of works of art present big limits as regards excessive treatment times, risks of pollution both for the operator and for the environment and possible damage to the treated objects.Originality/valueThis new system described in the paper gives complete effectiveness of disinfestation, with a rapid treatment, without damage to the objects, with total protection for the operators and the possibility of re‐using the object immediately after the disinfestation process.
Damping of subsynchronous resonance using self‐tuning PID and wavelet neural network
Authors: Ganjefar Soheil , Farahani Mohsen 
Published: November 2014

PurposeSubsynchronous resonance (SSR) problem is often created in generator rotor systems with long shafts (non‐rigid shaft) and large inertias constituting a weakly damped mechanical system. When the electrical network resonance frequency (in which the transmission line is compensated by series capacitors) approaches shaft natural frequencies, the electrical system increases torsional torques amplitude on the shaft. The purpose of this paper is to propose a self‐tuning proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller to damp the SSR oscillations in the power system with series compensated transmission lines.Design/methodology/approachTo accommodate the PID controller in all power system loading conditions, the gradient descent (GD) method and a wavelet neural network (WNN) are used to update the PID gains on‐line. All parameters of the WNN are trained by the gradient descent method using adaptive learning rates (ALRs). The ALRs are derived from discrete Lyapunov stability theorem, which are applied to guarantee the convergence of the proposed control system. Also, the suggested controller is designed based on a non‐linear model.FindingsThe proposed self‐tuning PID controller is applied to a power system non‐linear model. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed controller. It has been shown that self‐tuning PID is able to damp the SSR under any circumstances, because the WNN ensures the robustness of the controller. Simplicity and practicality of the proposed controller with its excellent performance make it ideal to be implemented in real excitation systems.Originality/valueThe proposed self‐tuning PID approach is interesting for the design of an intelligent control scheme based on non‐linear model to damp the torsional oscillations. In this suggested controller, the system conditions and requirements adjust on‐line the PID gains. On other words, to damp the SSR, PID gains are intelligently computed by the controlled system. The main contributions of this paper are: the overall control system is globally stable and hence, the SSR is controlled; the control error can be reduced to zero by appropriate chosen parameters and learning rates; and the self‐tuning PID can achieve favorable controlling performance.
Ownership effects of fractional reserve banking: an Islamic perspective
Authors: Kameel Mydin Meera Ahamed 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show that fractional reserve banking (FRB) has implications for the ownership structure of assets in the economy that violates the Islamic principles of ownership.Design/methodology/approachThis is a theoretical paper that looks into the works of Islamic scholars on the issue of ownership that are based on Qur'an principles and the traditions of the Prophet, and evaluates the FRB from that perspective.FindingsThe conclusion of the paper is that money creation through FRB is creation of purchasing power out of nothing which brings about unjust ownership transfers of assets, from the economy to the bank effectively paid for by the whole economy through inflation. This transfer of ownership is not based on human effort by taking on legitimate risks and neither with the knowledge nor the consent of the initial owners. This violates the ownership principles in Islam and is tantamount to theft. It also has the elements of riba. Islamic governments should therefore not create fiat money since this is equivalent to taking assets of the people, rich and poor alike, forcefully without compensation.Research limitations/implicationsEmpirical investigations into how bank loans along the years have changed the asset ownership structure in economies may shed further light.Practical implicationsIt is, therefore, important that Shariah scholars render a fatwa on both the fiat money and the FRB system. Such a fatwa is urgent and pertinent before Islamic banking and finance, that operate under these systems, takes a course that may prove difficult to reverse later. The Islamic economics and finance cannot be founded upon a money system that is fundamentally equivalent to theft and riba.Originality/valueThe paper shows how the operations of Islamic banking and finance within the fiat money, FRB system are invalid from the Islamic perspective.
Corruption: measuring the unmeasurable
Authors: Zaman Asad , Faiz‐Ur‐Rahim  
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue that corruption is inherently unmeasurable. Measures of corruption produced by different sources are highly unsatisfactory. Useful measures may be possible for specific purposes in limited contexts. Reasons why highly unsatisfactory measures are in use have to do with politics and power, rather than utility of these measures.Design/methodology/approachThe paper shows that different dimensions of corruption cannot be reduced to a single number without serious loss of information. For example the number and size of bribes cannot be reduced to a single index. The difference between perceptions of corruption and the reality also makes most popular indices useless.FindingsThe paper shows that commonly used measures of corruption are useless for their ostensible purposes. Evidence is presented that they are calculated and used for political purposes. In particular, they provide convenient excuses for the widespread failure of the structural adjustment programs of IMF and World Bank.Originality/valueThe paper's findings cast doubt on the vast amount of research which takes the corruption measures as objective and factual, and attempts to find causal factors for corruption, as well as effects of corruption on growth and other variables.
Judging books by their (lack of) covers
Authors: McMullen Anthony 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide insights into issues encountered in maintaining library technologies and electronic collections on a limited budget and with limited personnel.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses real world experiences and data to report on collection development decisions as they relate to electronic resources in an era of shrinking budgets and changing user expectations.FindingsOn‐demand access to platform‐independent information has altered user expectations and shifted the balance of power from the content providers to the content consumers. Academic libraries have been slow to adapt and are suffering as a consequence.Originality/valueThis paper examines the colliding forces of progress and tradition as they relate to the provision of information resources in an academic library environment. The author employs real‐world circulation statistics to make a case for shifting the focus of collection development from printed books to ebooks.
Providing the ethical example
Authors: Crumpton Michael A. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the importance of maintaining an ethical point of view especially in times of economic uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents some definitions of ethical behavior and reminds the reader of the consequences of not following an ethical course of action.FindingsFrom current literature, ethical behaviors have been compromised in some industries, as libraries establish themselves in a new economy it is important to consider revisiting organizational training needs regarding ethics.Originality/valueThis paper is a reminder that regardless of economical situations, proper ethical behavior should be applied.
Assessment: what's in it for me?
Authors: Jackson Mildred L. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeAccreditation and other types of reports will continue to be required by libraries and other entities in higher education. However, the traditional means and methods of assessment for these reports can be limiting. The measures can be used as opportunities to think more creatively and broadly about what is being done and offered. This paper aims to addresses these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe paper considers recent articles about transformation and new ways of thinking.FindingsThe paper recommends using traditional means of assessment in new ways and encouraging librarians to think outside the box and traditional boundaries of what the author has offered.Originality/valueConsidering various kinds of assessment and re‐thinking traditional means of assessment will be valuable for librarians and libraries.
Oral health status and behaviour of Mauritians visiting private dental clinics
Authors: Pugo Gunsam P. , Banka S. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper seeks to assess the oral health status and behaviour of a sample of the Mauritian population visiting private dental clinics.Design/methodology/approachOral health status was determined using the World Health Organization (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index indicating the prevalence of caries, and factors associated with oral health behaviour were investigated. Cross‐sectional data on oral health behaviour and demographic characteristics were collected through a structured 22‐item self‐designed survey questionnaire administered to a randomly selected sample of 250 Mauritians visiting private dental clinics. The data were statistically analysed to examine associations between oral health variables.FindingsAnalyses revealed significant correlations between DMFT scores, age and socioeconomic status. Over 80 per cent of the children below the age of 11 had DMFT scores higher than the acceptable WHO value of 3, and most adults older than 45 years had DMFT scores higher than 7. A large majority (85 per cent) reported using both fluoride toothpaste and tongue scrapers, but none reported using dental floss. Those who brushed teeth only once daily had high DMFT scores. Among males, smokers had significantly higher mean DMFT than non‐smokers. Females demonstrated better rates of good oral health behaviour than males. Respondents from higher socioeconomic classes were between three to five times more likely to visit dental clinics than those from lower classes.Practical implicationsThis study reveals the need for intervention programmes to raise awareness of good oral health practices among the Mauritian people.Originality/valueThe results identified the high risk groups and highlighted the need for dental education, taking into consideration socioeconomic status and sociodemographics in order to enable Mauritians to become oral‐hygiene‐conscious and active partners for the management of oral health and prevention of systemic diseases.
Collaborative learning and competence development in school health nursing
Authors: Merete Nordentoft Helle , Wistoft Karen 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the process and learning outcomes of peer collaboration in a Danish health developmental project in school health nursing. The paper explores how peer collaboration influences the school nurses' collaborative learning and competence development.Design/methodology/approachThe article is based on data from a three‐year health educational development project at primary schools in Denmark. These data are observations from 12 reflective workshops with school nurses, two questionnaire surveys, and five focus group interviews with five of the six sub‐projects after the project was over. In the workshops, the questionnaire surveys and the focus group interviews the school nurses were asked to reflect on the developmental process, their collaboration, own and mutual pedagogical competence development.FindingsSystematic peer collaboration between school nurses qualifies their learning and ability to reflect on practice, their communication with colleagues and children, and the development of new and innovative approaches to school health nursing. The introduction of peer collaboration, however, takes time and energy and it can be a challenge to introduce peer collaboration into a working culture in which school nurses traditionally work alone under prominent work and time pressures.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is explorative. Further research could explore the connection between collaborative learning among school nurses and the development of their competences in school health nursing.Practical implicationsThe paper outlines how and why collaboration among school nurses should be introduced in a more systematic way into school health nursing.Originality/valueThe paper investigates the connection between informal educational activities for SNs and possible learning outcomes for practice. Specifically, the paper looks into different ways in which SNs collaborate and the findings contribute to new understandings of how SNs' practice can be organised in order to stimulate school nurses' participation and collaborative learning and increase the quality of school health nursing.
Police perceptions of investigative interviewing: training needs and operational practices in Australia
Authors: Hill Jade A. , Moston Stephen 
Published: November 2014

PurposeIn the last decade, Australia has seen a series of high‐profile criminal cases come under court and public scrutiny due to improper interviewing practices, prompting a need to review and revise training in interviewing skills. This pattern echoes that seen in the UK in the 1970s and 1980s. What followed in the UK was a plethora of research examining different aspects of police interviewing. To date, there has been limited research in Australia on interviewing suspects. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into a large sample of current Australian police officers' attitudes and practices regarding investigative interviewing.Design/methodology/approachThis study involved a survey of current police officers from the Queensland Police Service (n=2,769), collecting data on attitudes with current training and supervision, importance of investigative interviewing and operational skills and competence.FindingsThese are discussed in relation to the need for further systematic research into police interviews, improved training and the need for law enforcement organisations and agencies in Australia to implement organisational investigative interviewing strategies.Originality/valueThe paper shows that further systematic research is required to examine “operational” investigative interviewing practices (as opposed to perceptions) in Australia. Consideration also needs to be given to the development of investigative interviewing training frameworks that focus on the experience, skills and previous training of each officer. Moreover, interviewing needs to be recognised as a skill requiring regular maintenance, monitoring and evaluation.
The early identification of vulnerable witnesses prior to an investigative interview
Authors: O'Mahony Brendan M. , Smith Kevin , Milne Becky 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how Registered Intermediaries are used in the England and Wales to facilitate communication between vulnerable witnesses, victims and police investigators and criminal courts.Design/methodology/approachThe paper focuses on the need for early identification of the vulnerable person so that support measures can be put in place from the outset to assist them to provide their testimony.FindingsIt is noted that real progress has been made by the introduction of legislation, specifically the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act (1999), and the uptake by the police service of the subsequent special measures put in place. However, the criminal justice service cannot afford to be complacent as research demonstrates that the police and the courts need to be more effective in managing these issues.Originality/valueThe paper recommends that support measures are widened to include witnesses and suspects being interviewed by the Independent Police Complaints Commission, HM Customs and Revenue, the Department of Health and the Department of Work and Pensions.
Prison staff and the health promoting prison
Authors: Dixey Rachael , Woodall James 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss some of the obstacles to implementing policy and strategy related to health promoting prisons. It focuses on the role of prison officers and raises issues concerning their conditions of service, training and organisational culture in a situation where the prison system faces security issues, overcrowding and high levels of ill health among prisoners.Design/methodology/approachThis paper emerged as a result of significant overlapping themes between two separate studies conducted by the authors. The paper draws on the authors' qualitative data from these studies.FindingsThe findings demonstrate the ambiguities and tensions in changing organisational cultures and among prison staff. Alongside the qualitative data, the paper draws on theory regarding policy implementation at the micro‐level to show how staff can block or speed up that implementation.Practical implicationsPrison officers are an essential part of health promoting prisons, but have been relatively ignored in the discussion of how to create healthier prisons.Originality/valueThe contribution that prison staff make to creating health promoting prisons has been under‐explored, yet pertinent theory can show how they can be more effectively involved in making changes in organisational culture.
Beyond reintegration: a framework for understanding ex‐prisoner health
Authors: van Dooren Kate , Claudio Fernanda , Kinner Stuart A. , Williams Megan 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper proposes a framework to better understand ex‐prisoner health, and pilot‐tests the framework using qualitative interviews with ten people who have been out of prison for two years or more. The proposed framework considers different stages of re‐entry (from pre‐incarceration through to post‐release), individual and structural factors influencing health, and health outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted qualitative, open‐ended interviews with ex‐prisoners released from prison two or more years ago, who could be considered to have transitioned “successfully” out of prison. The aim of the interviews was to generate insights into the strategies that ex‐prisoners use to negotiate the post‐release period.FindingsMost of the themes that emerged from interviews were consistent with the proposed framework. Structural factors are important concerns for ex‐prisoners that may have to be resolved before other issues, such as drug addiction, can be addressed. However, these findings suggest that it is inappropriate to view health‐related experiences during re‐entry as homogenous, given the diversity of individual characteristics and backgrounds among ex‐prisoners, notably including pre‐incarceration social status.Originality/valueTo explain the health‐related experiences of people following their release from prison, we need to think beyond reintegration and move beyond homogenous notions of the ex‐prisoner population. Addressing sociocultural, demographic and incarceration‐specific factors that ameliorate or intensify the challenges faced by ex‐prisoners is of critical importance.
Peer health promotion in prisons: a systematic review
Authors: Wright Nat , Bleakley Adam , Butt Christine , Chadwick Oliver , Mahmood Khaver , Patel Kiran , Salhi Aicha 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review systematically the available literature relating to the implementation of peer education to promote health and healthy behaviour in prisons.Design/methodology/approachThe authors undertook a narrative systematic review of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Psychinfo, Web of Science and Cochrane databases. Relevant journals and reference lists were hand searched for relevant articles to be included in the review. Of the abstracts found, full‐text papers were retrieved for those papers deemed as possibly fulfilling the inclusion criteria of the review.FindingsA total of 3,033 abstracts were identified leading to 46 full‐text articles being retrieved, of which ten were included in the review. Peer education in prisons can have an impact on attitudes, knowledge, and behaviour intention regarding HIV risk behaviour. The research findings were inconclusive for the impact of peer education upon illicit drug use and injecting practice. There was a paucity of research evaluating the impact of peer education upon mental ill health, obesity, diet, smoking, or self‐management of chronic physical diseases.Originality/valuePeer education is effective in reducing risk of HIV transmission. It is possible that peer education for mental health issues is stigmatising, presenting an opportunity for further research activity. The impact of peer education upon illicit drug use practice, obesity, diet, smoking, and self‐management of chronic physical diseases also presents further research opportunities. Research evaluating models of active peer educator involvement in health service delivery and organisation is also lacking.