bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ppd-1 genes on durum wheat flowering time and grain filling duration in a wide range of latitudes
Authors: ROYO C. , DREISIGACKER S. , ALFARO C. , AMMAR K. , VILLEGAS D. 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYUnderstanding the effect of genetic factors controlling flowering time is essential to fine-tune crop development to each target environment and to maximize yield. A set of 35 durum wheat genotypes of spring growth-habit involving different allelic combinations at Ppd-A1 and Ppd-B1 genes was grown for 2 years at four sites at latitudes ranging from 19°N to 41°N. The emergence-flowering period was reduced from north to south. The frequency in the collection of the insensitive allele GS-105 at Ppd-A1 was greater (34%) than that of allele GS-100 (20%). Genotypes that flowered earlier due to the presence of alleles causing photoperiod insensitivity extended their grain-filling period, but less than the shortening in flowering time. The effect of the allele conferring photoperiod sensitivity at Ppd-A1 was stronger than that at Ppd-B1 (Ppd-A1b > Ppd-B1b). The effect of photoperiod insensitivity alleles was classified as GS-100 > GS-105 > Ppd-B1a. The phenotypic expression of alleles conferring photoperiod insensitivity at Ppd-A1 increased at sites with average day length from emergence to flowering lower than 12 h. An interaction effect was found between Ppd-A1 and Ppd-B1. Differences between allelic combinations in flowering time accounted for c. 66% of the variability induced by the genotype effect, with the remaining 34% being explained by genes controlling earliness per se. The shortest flowering time across sites corresponded to the allelic combination GS-100/Ppd-B1a, which reduced flowering time by 11 days irrespective of the Ppd-A1b/Ppd-B1b combination. The current study marks a further step towards elucidation of the phenotypic expression of genes regulating photoperiod sensitivity and their interaction with the environment.
An interventional airway delivery service for congenital high airway obstruction
Authors: Yaneza M M C , Cameron A , Clement W A , Fairgrieve R , Ledingham M A , Morrissey M S , Simpson J , Wynne D M , Kubba H 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground:Congenital airway obstruction is rare but potentially fatal. We developed a complex airways interventional delivery team to manage such cases. Antenatal imaging detects airway compromise at an early stage and facilitates the planning of delivery procedures (‘ex utero intrapartum treatment’ and ‘operation on placental support’) which maintain feto-placental circulation whilst an airway is secured.Method:A retrospective review was performed of cases in which ENT input was required at birth for airway obstruction.Results:Four neonates were delivered before implementation of the service: two were intubated and another two underwent tracheostomy but died in the peri-natal period. Seven neonates were delivered after implementation of the service: six were intubated and one underwent immediate tracheostomy. Five subsequently underwent tracheostomy (three have since been decannulated). One child with multiple congenital anomalies died due to respiratory failure. Airway obstruction was caused by lymphatic malformation, teratoma, costo-craniomandibular syndrome and choristoma.Conclusion:In the absence of other anomalies, interventional airway delivery led to reduced mortality and improved outcomes.
Spontaneous resolution of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea in a patient with a Hyrtl's fissure
Authors: Brar R , Vijendren A , Salam M , Picken G 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjective:This paper reports a rare case of cerebrospinal fluid leak due to a Hyrtl's fissure and discusses the non-operative management of the case.Background and case report:Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea is a rare phenomenon arising from an abnormal communicating tract between the subarachnoid space and middle ear. Affected patients are at a higher risk of developing meningitis and other neuro-otological complications. There are four common congenital causes of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea in the region of a normal labyrinth. This paper describes a case of cerebrospinal fluid in the middle ear resulting from a Hyrtl's fissure, which resolved spontaneously.Conclusion:A literature search indicated this to be the first case with such a resolution without the need for any intervention.
Views of general practitioners and head and neck surgeons on the referral system for suspected cancer: a survey
Authors: Bethell G S , Leftwick P 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground:The two-week wait referral system for suspected cancer was introduced in the National Health Service in 2000. This study aimed to identify areas for improvement to the two-week wait system by seeking the opinions of doctors working in primary and secondary care.Method:A questionnaire was distributed to general practitioners and head and neck surgeons within North West England with ethical consent.Results:Twenty-seven general practitioners and 15 head and neck surgeons responded. Of the general practitioners, 59.3 per cent declared that they never attend training on referrals in this specialty. Overall, 59.3 per cent of general practitioners and 86.7 per cent of head and neck surgeons felt that the two-week wait system could be improved.Conclusion:The main areas for further work are development of pre-referral communication between primary and secondary care along with development of practical educational measures for general practitioners.
Will current conservation responses save the Critically Endangered Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis?
Authors: Havmøller Rasmus Gren , Payne Junaidi , Ramono Widodo , Ellis Susie , Yoganand K. , Long Barney , Dinerstein Eric , Williams A. Christy , Putra Rudi H. , Gawi Jamal , Talukdar Bibhab Kumar , Burgess Neil 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Critically Endangered Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis formerly ranged across South-east Asia. Hunting and habitat loss have made it one of the rarest large mammals and the species faces extinction despite decades of conservation efforts. The number of individuals remaining is unknown as a consequence of inadequate methods and lack of funds for the intensive field work required to estimate the population size of this rare and solitary species. However, all information indicates that numbers are low and declining. A few individuals persist in Borneo, and three tiny populations remain on the Indonesian island of Sumatra and show evidence of breeding. Rhino Protection Units are deployed at all known breeding sites but poaching and a presumed low breeding rate remain major threats. Protected areas have been created for the rhinoceros and other in situ conservation efforts have increased but the species has continued to go locally extinct across its range. Conventional captive breeding has also proven difficult; from a total of 45 Sumatran rhinoceros taken from the wild since 1984 there were no captive births until 2001. Since then only two pairs have been actively bred in captivity, resulting in four births, three by the same pair at the Cincinnati Zoo and one at the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary in Sumatra, with the sex ratio skewed towards males. To avoid extinction it will be necessary to implement intensive management zones, manage the metapopulation as a single unit, and develop advanced reproductive techniques as a matter of urgency. Intensive census efforts are ongoing in Bukit Barisan Selatan but elsewhere similar efforts remain at the planning stage.
Pre-eclampsia and first-onset postpartum psychiatric episodes: a Danish population-based cohort study
Authors: Bergink V. , Laursen T. M. , Johannsen B. M. W. , Kushner S. A. , Meltzer-Brody S. , Munk-Olsen T. 
Published: August 2015

Background.Recent evidence suggests that postpartum psychiatric episodes may share similar etiological mechanisms with immune-related disorders. Pre-eclampsia is one of the most prevalent immune-related disorders of pregnancy. Multiple clinical features are shared between pre-eclampsia and postpartum psychiatric disorders, most prominently a strong link to first pregnancies. Therefore, we aimed to study if pre-eclampsia is a risk factor for first-onset postpartum psychiatric episodes.Method.We conducted a cohort study using the Danish population registry, with a total of 400 717 primiparous women with a singleton delivery between 1995 and 2011. First-lifetime childbirth was the main exposure variable and the outcome of interest was first-onset postpartum psychiatric episodes. The main outcome measures were monthly incidence rate ratios (IRRs), with the period 11–12 months after birth as the reference category. Adjustments were made for age, calendar period, reproductive history, and perinatal maternal health including somatic and obstetric co-morbidity.Results.Primiparous women were at particularly high risk of first-onset psychiatric episodes during the first month postpartum [IRR 2.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.53–3.40] and pre-eclampsia added to that risk (IRR 4.21, 95% CI 2.89–6.13). Having both pre-eclampsia and a somatic co-morbidity resulted in the highest risk of psychiatric episodes during the 3-month period after childbirth (IRR 4.81, 95% CI 2.72–8.50).Conclusions.We confirmed an association between pre-eclampsia and postpartum psychiatric episodes. The possible explanations for this association, which are not mutually exclusive, include the psychological impact of a serious medical condition such as pre-eclampsia and the neurobiological impact of pre-eclampsia-related vascular pathology and inflammation.
PREFERRED REPORTING ITEMS FOR STUDIES MAPPING ONTO PREFERENCE-BASED OUTCOME MEASURES: THE MAPS STATEMENT
Authors: Petrou Stavros , Rivero-Arias Oliver , Dakin Helen , Longworth Louise , Oppe Mark , Froud Robert , Gray Alastair 
Published: August 2015

Background:“Mapping” onto generic preference-based outcome measures is increasingly being used as a means of generating health utilities for use within health economic evaluations. Despite publication of technical guides for the conduct of mapping research, guidance for thereportingof mapping studies is currently lacking. The MAPS (MApping onto Preference-based measures reporting Standards) statement is a new checklist, which aims to promote complete and transparent reporting of mapping studies.Methods:In the absence of previously published reporting checklists or reporting guidance documents, ade novolist of reporting items was created by a working group comprised of six health economists and one Delphi methodologist. A two-round, modified Delphi survey with representatives from academia, consultancy, health technology assessment agencies, and the biomedical journal editorial community was used to identify a list of essential reporting items from this larger list.Results:From the initialde novolist of twenty-nine candidate items, a set of twenty-three essential reporting items was developed. The items are presented numerically and categorized within six sections, namely: (i) title and abstract, (ii) introduction, (iii) methods, (iv) results, (v) discussion, and (vi) other. The MAPS statement is best applied in conjunction with the accompanying MAPS explanation and elaboration document.Conclusions:It is anticipated that the MAPS statement will improve the clarity, transparency. and completeness of reporting of mapping studies. To facilitate dissemination and uptake, the MAPS statement is being co-published by seven health economics and quality of life journals, and broader endorsement is encouraged. The MAPS working group plans to assess the need for an update of the reporting checklist in five years’ time.
On the Ledrappier–Young formula for self-affine measures
Authors: BÁRÁNY BALÁZS 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLedrappier and Young introduced a relation between entropy, Lyapunov exponents and dimension for invariant measures of diffeomorphisms on compact manifolds. In this paper, we show that a self-affine measure on the plane satisfies the Ledrappier–Young formula if the corresponding iterated function system (IFS) satisfies the strong separation condition and the linear parts satisfy the dominated splitting condition. We give sufficient conditions, inspired by Ledrappier and by Falconer and Kempton, that the dimensions of such a self-affine measure is equal to the Lyapunov dimension. We show some applications, namely, we give another proof for Hueter–Lalley's theorem and we consider self-affine measures and sets generated by lower triangular matrices.
Morbid jealousy: The green-eyed monster
Authors: Mullins Diane 
Published: August 2015

Jealousy is a commonly experienced emotion which has been observed in infants as young as 5-6 months of age and across the lifespan of an individual. In its extreme form jealousy can be pathological, when the belief which may be a delusion, obsession or an overvalued idea, is held on inadequate grounds and is unaffected by rational discussion.Morbid jealousy differs from normal jealousy in its intensity or rationality. It can be thought of as hypersensitive jealousy since jealous reactions are experienced at a much lower threshold than in average individuals. Morbid jealousy is a disorder in which an individual believes that their partner is, or will be, sexually unfaithful.Morbid jealousy can occur when a partner is in fact being unfaithful, provided that the evidence for the infidelity is incorrect and there is an excessive or irrational response to such evidence. The preoccupation with the partner's infidelity is often triggered by vivid mental images of their partner's past or present relationships.
Long-term trends in cardiovascular disease mortality and association with respiratory disease
Authors: MERCER A. J. 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYThe recent decline in cardiovascular disease mortality in Western countries has been linked with changes in life style and treatment. This study considers periods of decline before effective medical interventions or knowledge about risk factors. Trends in annual age-standardized death rates from cerebrovascular disease, heart disease and circulatory disease, and all cardiovascular disease are reviewed for three phases, 1881–1916, 1920–1939, and 1940–2000. There was a consistent decline in the cerebrovascular disease death rate between 1891 and 2000, apart from brief increases after the two world wars. The heart disease and circulatory disease death rate was declining between 1891 and 1910 before cigarette smoking became prevalent. The early peak in cardiovascular mortality in 1891 coincided with an influenza pandemic and a peak in the death rate from bronchitis, pneumonia and influenza. There is also correspondence between short-term fluctuations in the death rates from these respiratory diseases and cardiovascular disease. This evidence of ecological association is consistent with the findings of many studies that seasonal influenza can trigger acute myocardial infarction and episodes of respiratory infection are followed by increased risk of cardiovascular events. Vaccination studies could provide more definitive evidence of the role in cardiovascular disease and mortality of influenza, other viruses, and common bacterial agents of respiratory infection.
Human V4 and ventral occipital retinotopic maps
Authors: WINAWER JONATHAN , WITTHOFT NATHAN 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe ventral surface of the human occipital lobe contains multiple retinotopic maps. The most posterior of these maps is considered a potential homolog of macaque V4, and referred to as human V4 (“hV4”). The location of the hV4 map, its retinotopic organization, its role in visual encoding, and the cortical areas it borders have been the subject of considerable investigation and debate over the last 25 years. We review the history of this map and adjacent maps in ventral occipital cortex, and consider the different hypotheses for how these ventral occipital maps are organized. Advances in neuroimaging, computational modeling, and characterization of the nearby anatomical landmarks and functional brain areas have improved our understanding of where human V4 is and what kind of visual representations it contains.
The Wake-Effect—Emergency Vehicle-Related Collisions
Authors: Clawson Jeff J. , Martin Robert L. , Cady Geoff A. , Maio Ronald F. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroduction:Emergency medical vehicle collisions (EMVCs) occurring during initia response and with patient transport have been a long-standing problem for emergency medical services (EMS) systems. Experience suggests “wake-effect” collision occur as a result of an EMS vehicle's transit, but do not involve the emergency medical vehicle (EMV). Substantiating the existence and magnitude of wake-effect collisions may have major implications regarding the manner of EMV response.Hypothesis:Paramedics will report that wake-effect collisions do occur and that the occur more frequently than do EMVCs.Methods:Design: Survey analysis. Participants: Thirty paramedics employed by the Salt Lake City (Utah) Fire Department and 45 paramedics employed by Salt Lake County Fire Department. Geographic Area: Service area has population of 650,000 and is urban, suburban, and rural. Measurements: The survey consisted of three openended questions concerning years on the job, EMVCs, and wake-effect collisions. Analysis: The mean value for the number of EMVCs and wake-effect EMVCs, along with the 0.95 confidence intervals (0.95 CI) were determined.Results:Seventy-three surveys were analyzed. Sixty EMVCs and 255 wake-effect collisions were reported. Overall, the mea value for the number EMVCs per respondent was 0.82 (0.60–1.05) and for wake-effect collisions 3.49 (2.42–4.55). The mean values for EMVC's for each service were 0.86 (0.50–1.38); 0.80 (0.50–11.0). For wake-effect collisions the mean values were 4.59 (2.83–6.35); and 2.76 (1.46–4.06) respectively.Conclusion:This study suggests that the wake-effect collision is real and may occur with greater frequency than do EMVCs. Significant limitations of this study are recall bias and misclassiftcation bias. Future studies are needed to define more precisely wake-effect collision prevalence and the resulting “cost” in regards to injury and vehicle/property damage.
Neural Underpinnings of Working Memory in Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors
Authors: King Tricia Z. , Na Sabrina , Mao Hui 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAdult survivors of childhood brain tumors are at risk for cognitive performance deficits that require the core cognitive skill of working memory. Our goal was to examine the neural mechanisms underlying working memory performance in survivors. We studied the working memory of adult survivors of pediatric posterior fossa brain tumors using a letter n-back paradigm with varying cognitive workload (0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-back) and functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as neuropsychological measures. Survivors of childhood brain tumors evidenced lower working memory performance than demographically matched healthy controls. Whole-brain analyses revealed significantly greater blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation in the left superior / middle frontal gyri and left parietal lobe during working memory (2-back versus 0-back contrast) in survivors. Left frontal BOLD response negatively correlated with 2- and 3-back working memory performance, Auditory Consonant Trigrams (ACT), and Digit Span Backwards. In contrast, parietal lobe BOLD response negatively correlated with 0-back (vigilance task) and ACT. The results revealed that adult survivors of childhood posterior fossa brain tumors recruited additional cognitive control resources in the prefrontal lobe during increased working memory demands. This increased prefrontal activation is associated with lower working memory performance and is consistent with the allocation of latent resources theory. (JINS, 2015, 21, 494–505)
Relative validity of a semi-quantitative, web-based FFQ used in the ‘Snart Forældre’ cohort – a Danish study of diet and fertility
Authors: Knudsen Vibeke K , Hatch Elizabeth E , Cueto Heidi , Tucker Katherine L , Wise Lauren , Christensen Tue , Mikkelsen Ellen M 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relative validity of a semi-quantitative, web-based FFQ completed by female pregnancy planners in the Danish ‘Snart Forældre’ study.DesignWe validated a web-based FFQ based on the FFQ used in the Danish National Birth Cohort against a 4 d food diary (FD) and assessed the relative validity of intakes of foods and nutrients. We compared means and medians of intakes, and calculated Pearson correlation coefficients and de-attenuated coefficients to assess agreement between the two methods. We also calculated the proportion correctly classified based on the same or adjacent quintile of intake and the proportion of grossly misclassified (extreme quintiles).SettingParticipants (n 128) in the ‘Snart Forældre’ study who had completed the web-based FFQ were invited to participate in the validation study.SubjectsParticipants in the ‘Snart Forældre’ study, in total ninety-seven women aged 20–42 years.ResultsReported intakes of dairy products, vegetables and potatoes were higher in the FFQ compared with the FD, whereas reported intakes of fruit, meat, sugar and beverages were lower in the FFQ than in the FD. Overall the de-attenuated correlation coefficients were acceptable, ranging from 0·33 for energy to 0·93 for vitamin D. The majority of the women were classified in the same or adjacent quintile and few women were misclassified (extreme quintiles).ConclusionThe web-based FFQ performs well for ranking women of reproductive age according to high or low intake of foods and nutrients and, thus, provides a solid basis for investigating associations between diet and fertility.
Seven Countries Study cohort in Crete, Greece: gluteal adipose-tissue fatty-acid profiles of survivors, at 2010
Authors: Papandreou Christopher , Kiriakakis Michalis , Fragkiadakis Georgios A , Hatzis Christos M , Kafatos Anthony G 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the gluteal adipose-tissue fatty-acid profiles from Cretan cohort survivors of the Seven Countries Study (SCS) at 2010 and to compare them with those of survivors assessed in 2000, as well as with literature data on male Cretans at 1965.DesignWe analysed data concerning the gluteal adipose-tissue fatty acids (analysed by GC) from three studies.SettingThe island of Crete (rural areas and the city of Heraklion).SubjectsTwenty-two of the 2010 SCS survivors aged 90 years and over; seventy-eight men aged 80 years of the 2000 SCS survivors; and 280 men assessed in 1965.ResultsIn comparison to 1965 and 2000, the SCS survivors in 2010 had a higher amount of 18:1n-9 (P<0·05) in their gluteal adipose tissue and a lower amount of PUFA (P<0·05). On the other hand, a constant decrease in adipose-tissue 14:1n-5 and 16:1n-7 was recorded between 1965 and 2010 (P<0·001), and between 2000 and 2010 (P<0·05), while 18:2n-6 appeared to decrease between the 1965 and 2010 assessments (P<0·001).ConclusionsComparison with a 1965 representative Cretan sample and 2000 SCS survivors indicated an increased concentration of oleic acid (known for its protective role against mortality) and a decreased concentration of PUFA (known for their susceptibility to oxidation) in our surviving sample at 2010. These changes may reflect internal physiological processes due to diet change within these years and/or ageing.