bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicians build less rapport with obese patients
Authors: Gudzune Kimberly A. , Beach Mary Catherine , Roter Debra L. , Cooper Lisa A. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivePhysicians' negative attitudes toward patients with obesity are well documented. Whether or how these beliefs may affect patient–physician communication is unknown. To describe the relationship between patient body mass index (BMI) and physician communication behaviors (biomedical, psychosocial/lifestyle, and rapport building) during typical outpatient primary care visits was aimed.Design and MethodsUsing audio‐recorded outpatient encounters from 39 urban primary care physicians (PCPs) and 208 of their patients, the frequency of communication behaviors using the Roter Interaction Analysis System was examined. The independent variable was measured; patient BMI and dependent variables were communication behaviors by the PCP within the biomedical, psychosocial/lifestyle, and rapport building domains. A cross‐sectional analysis using multilevel Poisson regression models to evaluate the association between BMI and physician communication was performed.ResultsPCPs demonstrated less emotional rapport with overweight and obese patients (incidence rate ratio, IRR, 0.65, 95%CI 0.48‐0.88, P = 0.01; IRR 0.69, 95%CI 0.58‐0.82, P < 0.01, respectively) than for normal weight patients. No differences in PCPs' biomedical or psychosocial/lifestyle communication by patient BMI were found.ConclusionsOur findings raise the concern that low levels of emotional rapport in primary care visits with overweight and obese patients may weaken the patient–physician relationship, diminish patients' adherence to recommendations, and decrease the effectiveness of behavior change counseling.
Obesity is associated with white matter atrophy: A combined diffusion tensor imaging and voxel‐based morphometric study
Authors: Karlsson Henry K. , Tuulari Jetro J. , Hirvonen Jussi , Lepomäki Virva , Parkkola Riitta , Hiltunen Jaana , Hannukainen Jarna C. , Soinio Minna , Pham Tam , Salminen Paulina , Nuutila Pirjo , Nummenmaa Lauri 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveLittle is known about the mechanisms by which obesity influences brain structure. In this study, the obesity‐related changes in brain white and gray matter integrity were examined.Design and Methods23 morbidly obese subjects and 22 nonobese volunteers were studied using voxel‐based analysis of diffusion tensor imaging and of T1‐weighted MRI images. Full‐volume statistical parametric mapping analysis was used to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values as well as gray (GM) and white matter (WM) density between these groups.ResultsObese subjects had lower FA and MD values and lower focal and global GM and WM volumes than control subjects did. The focal structural changes were observed in brain regions governing reward seeking, inhibitory control, and appetite. Regression analysis showed that FA and MD values as well as GM and WM density were negatively associated with body fat percentage. Moreover, the volume of abdominal subcutaneous fat was negatively associated with GM density in most regions.ConclusionThese findings imply that changes in GM and WM in obesity may be due to metabolic factors. Atrophy in regions involved in reward processing and appetite control may further promote abnormal reward seeking and eating behavior.
Association of lean body mass with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women
Authors: Peppa Melpomeni , Koliaki Chrysi , Boutati Eleni , Garoflos Efstathios , Papaefstathiou Athanasios , Siafakas Nikolaos , Katsilambros Nicholas , Raptis Sotirios A. , Hadjidakis Dimitrios I. , Dimitriadis George D. 
Published: March 2013

Objective:Aim of this study was to investigate the association of total and regional lean body mass (LBM) with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy obese and nonobese postmenopausal women.Methods:A total of 150 postmenopausal women (age 54 ± 7 years, BMI 29.6 ± 5.8 kg/m2) underwent a comprehensive assessment of cardiometabolic risk, including metabolic syndrome (MS). Body composition analysis was performed with Dual‐energy X‐ray Absorptiometry, and multiple height‐adjusted indices of total and regional LBM were evaluated.Results:After controlling for age, diet, physical activity, and total fat mass, most indices of total, central, and peripheral LBM displayed significant positive correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors. Most associations were no longer significant after controlling for waist circumference, with the only exception of lean mass in the arms, which remained significantly associated with the presence and severity of MS (number of MS abnormalities), independently of central adiposity. A significant additive interaction was found between lean mass in the arms and waist circumference in increasing the prevalence of MS.Conclusions:LBM is unfavorably associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy postmenopausal women. Whether LBM, especially in arms, is associated with cardiometabolic health independently of central fat distribution in postmenopausal women, merits further investigation.
NMR‐based metabolomics and breath studies show lipid and protein catabolism during low dose chronic T1AM treatment
Authors: Haviland J.A. , Reiland H. , Butz D.E. , Tonelli M. , Porter W.P. , Zucchi R. , Scanlan T.S. , Chiellini G. , Assadi‐Porter F.M. 
Published: March 2013

Objective3‐Iodothyronamine (T1AM), an analog of thyroid hormone, is a recently discovered fast‐acting endogenous metabolite. Single high‐dose treatments of T1AM have produced rapid short‐term effects, including a reduction of body temperature, bradycardia, and hyperglycemia in mice.Design and MethodsThe effect of daily low doses of T1AM (10 mg/kg) for 8 days on weight loss and metabolism in spontaneously overweight mice was monitored. The experiments were repeated twice (n = 4). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of plasma and real‐time analysis of exhaled 13CO2 in breath by cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) were used to detect T1AM‐induced lipolysis.ResultsCRDS detected increased lipolysis in breath shortly after T1AM administration that was associated with a significant weight loss but independent of food consumption. NMR spectroscopy revealed alterations in key metabolites in serum: valine, glycine, and 3‐hydroxybutyrate, suggesting that the subchronic effects of T1AM include both lipolysis and protein breakdown. After discontinuation of T1AM treatment, mice regained only 1.8% of the lost weight in the following 2 weeks, indicating lasting effects of T1AM on weight maintenance.ConclusionsCRDS in combination with NMR and 13C‐metabolic tracing constitute a powerful method of investigation in obesity studies for identifying in vivo biochemical pathway shifts and unanticipated debilitating side effects.
The efficacy of a daily self‐weighing weight loss intervention using smart scales and e‐mail
Authors: Steinberg Dori M. , Tate Deborah F. , Bennett Gary G. , Ennett Susan , Samuel‐Hodge Carmen , Ward Dianne S. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of a weight loss intervention that focused on daily self‐weighing for self‐monitoring as compared to a delayed control group among 91 overweight adults.Design and MethodsThe 6‐month intervention included a cellular‐connected “smart” scale for daily weighing, web‐based weight loss graph, and weekly e‐mails with tailored feedback and lessons. An objective measure of self‐weighing frequency was obtained. Weight was measured in clinic at 3 and 6 months. Caloric intake and expenditure, and perceptions of daily self‐weighing were also measured.ResultsUsing intent‐to‐treat analyses, the intervention group lost significantly more weight compared to the control group [mean (95% CI); 3 months: −4.41% (−5.5, −3.3) vs. −0.37% (−1.5, 0.76); 6 months: −6.55% (−7.7, −5.4) vs. −0.35% (−1.5, 0.79); group × time interaction: P < 0.001] and a greater percentage achieved 5% (42.6% vs. 6.8%; P < 0.0001) and 10% (27.7% vs. 0%; P < 0.0001) weight loss. On average, the intervention group self‐weighed more days/week (6.1 ± 1.1 vs. 1.1 ± 1.5; P < 0.0001) and consumed fewer calories/day compared to the control group [mean (95% CI); 6 months: 1,509 (1,291, 1,728) vs. 1,856 (1,637, 2,074); group × time interaction: P = 0.006]. Among intervention participants, daily self‐weighing was perceived positively.ConclusionsThese results indicate that an intervention focusing on daily self‐weighing can produce clinically significant weight loss.
Body adiposity index and all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men
Authors: Moliner‐Urdiales Diego , Artero Enrique G. , Lee Duck‐chul , España‐Romero Vanesa , Sui Xuemei , Blair Steven N. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of body adiposity index (BAI) with all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk.Design and MethodsThe current analysis comprised 19,756 adult men who enrolled in the Aerobics Centre Longitudinal Study and completed a baseline examination during 1988‐2002. All‐cause and CVD mortality was registered till December 31, 2003.ResultsDuring an average follow‐up of 8.3 years (163,844 man‐years), 353 deaths occurred (101 CVD deaths). Age‐ and examination year‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for all‐cause mortality risk were higher for men with high values of BMI (HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.19‐2.23), waist circumference (1.55, 1.22‐1.96), and percentage of body fat (%BF) (1.36, 1.04‐1.31), but not for men with high values of BAI (1.28, 0.98‐1.66). The HRs for CVD mortality risks were higher for men with high values in all adiposity measures (HRs ranged from 1.73 to 2.06). Most of these associations, however, became nonsignificant after adjusting for multiple confounders including cardiorespiratory fitness.ConclusionBAI is not a better predictor of all‐cause and CVD mortality risk than BMI, waist circumference, or %BF.
Relationships between direct and indirect measures of central and total adiposity in children: What are we measuring?
Authors: Bigornia Sherman J. , LaValley Michael P. , Benfield Li L. , Ness Andy R. , Newby P.K. 
Published: March 2013

Objective: The relationship between central and total fat measured by anthropometry, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with each other and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was examined.Design and Methods: Participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were examined at ages 9, 11, 13, and 15 years (n = 3,796‐6,567). MRI was available on a subset of children at 11 (n = 156) and 13 (n = 95).Results: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were highly correlated (r = 0.84‐0.91, across ages), and total body fat mass (TBFM) and trunk fat mass (TFM) were very strongly correlated (r ≥ 0.98). Among boys, BMI vs. WC explained a similar degree of variation in TBFM and TFM (41‐71% vs. 43‐76%, across age and overweight groups); in girls, BMI accounted for 62‐73% variance and WC 47‐69%. Adiposity measures were generally similarly correlated with SBP within age groups. Further, the relationship between intra‐abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) volume and adiposity measures did not vary greatly at 11 (0.65‐0.67) and 13 (0.64‐0.67).Conclusions: BMI and WC contain a large amount of overlapping information as evidenced by their high correlation and similarly sized associations with fat mass, SBP, and IAAT. This suggests that WC may be an inadequate marker of central adiposity during childhood.
Acute exercise induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization in diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Oliveira Alexandre G. , Araujo Tiago G. , Carvalho Bruno M. , Guadagnini Dioze , Rocha Guilherme Z. , Bagarolli Renata A. , Carvalheira Jose Barreto C. , Saad Mario J.A. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveIt has become clear that exercise may be a useful therapy in the insulin resistance treatment, as it has anti‐inflammatory effects and improves insulin sensitivity. However, it remains uncertain whether exercise affects the adipocytes or infiltrated macrophages. Thus, the aim was to investigate the effects of acute exercise on the inflammatory status and insulin signaling of the white adipose tissue (WAT) fractions (stromal‐vascular fraction [SVF] and adipocytes).Design and MethodsThe effect of acute swimming exercise was investigated on insulin sensitivity, insulin signaling, inflammatory pathways in the WAT fractions of high‐fat fed Wistar rats. Additionally, macrophage infiltration and polarization were analyzed in the WAT.ResultsAcute exercise can improve insulin signaling in WAT fractions, along with a phenotypic switch from M1‐ to M2‐macrophages in obese rats, as indicated by a marked increase in macrophage galactose‐type C‐type lectin 1‐positive cells in WAT was observed. Additionally, exercise promoted a reduction in circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide, and toll‐like receptor 4 activity along with TNF‐alpha, IL‐1‐beta and MCP‐1 mRNA levels in WAT fractions.ConclusionsThese data suggest that acute exercise improves insulin signaling in the WAT, at least in part by inducing macrophage polarization toward the M2‐state.
Molecular and morphologic characterization of superficial‐ and deep‐subcutaneous adipose tissue subdivisions in human obesity
Authors: Cancello Raffaella , Zulian Alessandra , Gentilini Davide , Maestrini Sabrina , Della Barba Alberto , Invitti Cecilia , Corà Davide , Caselle Michele , Liuzzi Antonio , Di Blasio Anna Maria 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveHuman abdominal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SAT) is composed of two different subcompartments: a “superficial” SAT (SSAT), located between the skin and a fibrous‐fascia plane; and a deeper SAT, located under this fibrous fascia plane, indicated as “deep” SAT (DSAT).Design and MethodsIn order to investigate whether SSAT and DSAT have different molecular and morphological features, paired SSAT/DSAT biopsies were collected from 10 female obese patients and used for microarray and morphologic analysis. The stroma‐vascular fraction cells were also isolated from both depots and cultured in vitro to assess the lipid accumulation rate.ResultsSSAT and DSAT displayed different patterns of gene expression, mainly for metabolic and inflammatory genes, respectively. Detailed gene expression analysis indicated that several metabolic genes, including adiponectin, are preferentially expressed in SSAT, whereas inflammatory genes are over‐expressed in DSAT. Despite a similar lipid accumulation rate in vitro, in vivo SSAT showed a significant adipocyte hypertrophy together with a significantly lower inflammatory infiltration and vascular vessel lumen mean size, when compared to DSAT.ConclusionsThese data show that, SSAT and DSAT are functionally and morphologically different and emphasize the importance of considering independent these two adipose depots when investigating SAT biology and obesity complications.
Effects of a specific MCHR1 antagonist (GW803430) on energy budget and glucose metabolism in diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Zhang Li‐Na , Sinclair Rachel , Selman Colin , Mitchell Sharon , Morgan David , Clapham John C. , Speakman John R. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThe melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) is a centrally acting peptide implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis and body weight, although its role in glucose homeostasis is uncertain. Our objective was to determine effects of MCHR1 antagonism on energy budgets and glucose homeostasis in mice.MethodsEffects of chronic oral administration of a specific MCHR1 antagonist (GW803430) on energy budgets and glucose homeostasis in diet‐induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6J mice were examined.ResultsOral administration of GW803430 for 30 days reduced food intake, body weight, and body fat. Circulating leptin and triglycerides were reduced but insulin and nonesterified fatty acids were unaffected. Despite weight loss there was no improvement in glucose homeostasis (insulin levels and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests). On day 4‐6, mice receiving MCHR1 antagonist exhibited decreased metabolisable energy intake and increased daily energy expenditure. However these effects had disappeared by day 22‐24. Physical activity during the dark phase was increased by MCHR1 antagonist treatment throughout the 30‐day treatment.ConclusionsGW803430 produced a persistent anti‐obesity effect due to both a decrease in energy intake and an increase in energy expenditure via physical activity but did not improve glucose homeostasis.
Assessment of Abdominal Fat Compartments Using DXA in Premenopausal Women From Anorexia Nervosa to Morbid Obesity
Authors: Bredella Miriam A. , Gill Corey M. , Keating Leigh K. , Torriani Martin , Anderson Ellen J. , Punyanitya Mark , Wilson Kevin E. , Kelly Thomas L. , Miller Karen K. 
Published: March 2013

Objective: To test a newly developed dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) method for abdominal fat depot quantification in subjects with anorexia nervosa (AN), normal weight, and obesity using CT as a gold standard.Design and Methods: 135 premenopausal women (overweight/obese: n = 89, normal‐weight: n = 27, AN: n = 19); abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and total adipose tissue (TAT) areas determined on CT and DXA.Results: There were strong correlations between DXA and CT measurements of abdominal fat compartments in all groups with the strongest correlation coefficients in the normal‐weight and overweight/obese groups. Correlations of DXA and CT VAT measurements were strongest in the obese group and weakest in the AN group. DXA abdominal fat depots were higher in all groups compared to CT, with the largest % mean difference in the AN group and smallest in the obese group.Conclusion: A new DXA technique is able to assess abdominal fat compartments including VAT in premenopausal women across a large weight spectrum. However, DXA measurements of abdominal fat were higher than CT, and this percent bias was most pronounced in the AN subjects and decreased with increasing weight, suggesting that this technique may be more useful in obese individuals.
Accuracy of SenseWear Pro2 Armband to Predict Resting Energy Expenditure in Childhood Obesity
Authors: Predieri Barbara , Bruzzi Patrizia , Lami Francesca , Vellani Giulia , Malavolti Marcella , Battistini Nino C , Iughetti Lorenzo 
Published: March 2013

Objective: The accuracy of the SenseWear Pro2 Armband (SWA) in estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) in children and adolescents with obesity, using indirect calorimetry (IC) as a reference was evaluated.Design and Methods: REE was assessed using both the SWA and IC in 40 obese subjects (26 M/14 F, age 11.5 ± 2.57 years, z‐score BMI 3.14 ± 0.53). The agreement between methods was assessed by the Bland‐Altman procedure. The relationship between REE assessments and patients' characteristics was also analyzed.Results: SWA‐ and IC‐derived estimates of REE showed a significant correlation (r = 0.614; P < 0.001), but the SWA overestimated mean REE by 13% (P < 0.001). Age and kilogram of fat‐free mass (kg‐FFM) were significantly correlated with both REE estimation by SWA (r = 0.434 and r = 0.564, respectively) and IC (r = 0.401 and r = 0.518, respectively). Only kg‐FFM was demonstrated to be the main predictor factor of REE variability (r2 79% SWA; 75% IC).Conclusions: The SWA overestimated mean REE in childhood obesity, suggesting that the SWA and IC are not yet interchangeable methods. This would require improving the SWA by developing better algorithms for predicting REE and, probably, bias in each individual REE could be reduced by an adjustment for subjects' kg‐FFM.
Probiotics L. plantarum and L. curvatus in Combination Alter Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Suppress Diet‐Induced Obesity
Authors: Yoo Sae‐Rom , Kim Young‐Jae , Park Do‐Young , Jung Un‐Ju , Jeon Seon‐Min , Ahn Young‐Tae , Huh Chul‐Sung , McGregor Robin , Choi Myung Sook 
Published: March 2013

Objective: To determine the effects of naturally derived probiotic strains individually or combination on a short‐term diet‐induced obesity model.Design and Methods: C57BL/6J mice (n = 50) were randomly divided into five groups, then fed a high‐fat high‐cholesterol diet (HFCD), HFCD and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 (PL, 1010cfu/day), HFCD and Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 (CU, 1010cfu/day), HFCD and in combination with PL+CU (1010cfu/day), or a normal diet (ND) for 9 weeks.Results: PL and CU showed distinct and shared metabolic activity against a panel of 50 carbohydrates. Fat accumulation in adipose tissue and liver was significantly reduced by probiotic strains CU or PL+CU. Probiotic strains CU or PL+CU reduced cholesterol in plasma and liver, while PL+CL had a synergistic effect on hepatic triglycerides. Probiotic strains PL+CU combination was more effective for inhibiting gene expressions of various fatty acid synthesis enzymes in the liver, concomitant with decreases in fatty acid oxidation‐related enzyme activities and their gene expressions.Conclusions: Multi‐strain probiotics may prove more beneficial than single‐strain probiotics to combat fat accumulation and metabolic alterations in diet‐induced obesity.
Effects of prescribing 1,000 versus 1,500 kilocalories per day in the behavioral treatment of obesity: A randomized trial
Authors: Nackers Lisa M. , Middleton Kathryn R. , Dubyak Pamela J. , Daniels Michael J. , Anton Stephen D. , Perri Michael G. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveControversy exists regarding the optimal energy prescription to promote successful long‐term behavioral management of obesity. Prescribing intake of 1,000 (vs. 1,500) kcal/day may produce larger initial weight reduction, but long‐term advantage remains unclear. The effects of prescribing 1,000 versus 1,500 kcal/day on 6‐ and 12‐month weight changes within behavioral treatment of obesity were examined.Design and MethodsParticipants were 125 obese women (mean ± SD; BMI = 37.84 ± 3.94 kg/m2) randomly assigned goals of 1,000 or 1,500 kcal/day.ResultsFrom months 0 to 6, participants prescribed 1,000 kcal/day lost more weight than those prescribed 1,500 kcal/day (mean ± SE = −10.03 ± 0.92g vs. −6.23 ± 0.94 kg, P = 0.045); however, from months 7 through 12, only the 1,000 kcal/day condition experienced a significant weight regain (1.51 ± 0.77 kg, P = 0.025). Baseline caloric consumption moderated the effect of treatment on regain; participants with baseline intakes ≧2,000 kcal/day who were assigned 1,000 kcal/day were significantly more susceptible to weight regain than those assigned 1,500 kcal/day (P = 0.049). At month 12, a significantly greater percentage of 1,000 kcal/day participants achieved weight reductions of 5% or more than those prescribed 1,500 kcal/day.ConclusionEncouraging obese individuals in behavioral treatment to adhere to a 1,000 kcal/day intake may increase their likelihood of achieving clinically meaningful weight losses.