bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL‐1β Induces p62/SQSTM1 and Represses Androgen Receptor Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Chang M.A. , Patel V. , Gwede M. , Morgado M. , Tomasevich K. , Fong E.L. , Farach‐Carson M.C. , Delk Nikki A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTChronic inflammation is associated with advanced prostate cancer (PCa), although the mechanisms governing inflammation‐mediated PCa progression are not fully understood. PCa progresses to an androgen independent phenotype that is incurable. We previously showed that androgen independent, androgen receptor negative (AR−) PCa cell lines have high p62/SQSTM1 levels required for cell survival. We also showed that factors in the HS‐5 bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) conditioned medium can upregulate p62 in AR+ PCa cell lines, leading us to investigate AR expression under those growth conditions. In this paper, mRNA, protein, and subcellular analyses reveal that HS‐5 BMSC conditioned medium represses AR mRNA, protein, and nuclear accumulation in the C4‐2 PCa cell line. Using published gene expression data, we identify the inflammatory cytokine, IL‐1β, as a candidate BMSC paracrine factor to regulate AR expression and find that IL‐1β is sufficient to both repress AR and upregulate p62 in multiple PCa cell lines. Immunostaining demonstrates that, while the C4‐2 population shows a primarily homogeneous response to factors in HS‐5 BMSC conditioned medium, IL‐1β elicits a strikingly heterogeneous response; suggesting that there are other regulatory factors in the conditioned medium. Finally, while we observe concomitant AR loss and p62 upregulation in IL‐1β‐treated C4‐2 cells, silencing of AR or p62 suggests that IL‐1β regulates their protein accumulation through independent pathways. Taken together, these in vitro results suggest that IL‐1β can drive PCa progression in an inflammatory microenvironment through AR repression and p62 induction to promote the development and survival of androgen independent PCa. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 2188–2197, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical drug‐drug interaction assessment of ivacaftor as a potential inhibitor of cytochrome P450 and P‐glycoprotein
Authors: Robertson Sarah M. , Luo Xia , Dubey Neeraj , Li Chonghua , Chavan Ajit B. , Gilmartin Geoffrey S. , Higgins Mark , Mahnke Lisa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIvacaftor is approved in the USA for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) in patients with a G551D‐CFTR mutation or one of eight other CFTR mutations. A series of in vitro experiments conducted early in the development of ivacaftor indicated ivacaftor and metabolites may have the potential to inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A, and CYP2D6, as well as P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). Based on these results, a series of clinical drug‐drug interaction (DDI) studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of ivacaftor on sensitive substrates of CYP2C8 (rosiglitazone), CYP3A (midazolam), CYP2D6 (desipramine), and P‐gp (digoxin). In addition, a DDI study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ivacaftor on a combined oral contraceptive, as this is considered an important comedication in CF patients. The results indicate ivacaftor is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A and P‐gp, but has no effect on CYP2C8 or CYP2D6. Ivacaftor caused non‐clinically significant increases in ethinyl estradiol and norethisterone exposure. Based on these results, caution and appropriate monitoring are recommended when concomitant substrates of CYP2C9, CYP3A and/or P‐gp are used during treatment with ivacaftor, particularly drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, such as warfarin.
Alpha‐lipoic acid andN‐acetylcysteine protects intensive swimming exercise‐mediated germ‐cell depletion, pro‐oxidant generation, and alteration of steroidogenesis in rat testis
Authors: Jana Kuladip , Dutta Ananya , Chakraborty Pratip , Manna Indranil , Firdaus Syed Benazir , Bandyopadhyay Debasish , Chattopadhyay Ratna , Chakravarty Baidyanath 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYProlonged and strenuous exercise has been proposed as a possible source of male‐factor infertility. Forced intensive swimming has also been identified as one source of a dysfunctional male reproduction system. The present study evaluated the possible protective role of α‐lipoic acid andN‐acetylcysteine (NAC) on intensive swimming‐induced germ‐cell depletion in adult male rats. Forced exhaustive swimming of 1 hr/day, 6 days/week for 8 consecutive weeks resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in epididymal sperm; testicular androgenic enzyme activities; and plasma and intra‐testicular testosterone; and produced different types of germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium cycle. Conversely, plasma corticosterone levels and sperm‐head abnormalities increased. Western‐blot analysis showed a considerable decrease in testicular StAR protein expression whereas reverse‐transcriptase PCR analysis showed no significant change in cytochrome P450scc (Cyp11a1) gene expression. Significant (P < 0.05) elevation in testicular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content versus reduction in glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S‐transferase, and caspase‐3 activities along with a depletion in the glutathione pool, mitochondrial membrane potential (▵ψm), and intracellular ATP generation. A considerable level of DNA damage in testicular spermatogenic cells were also noted following forced extensive swimming. Alpha‐lipoic acid and NAC supplementation prevented the swimming‐induced testicular spermatogenic and steroidogenic disorders by lowering ROS generation. We therefore conclude that intensive forced swimming causes germ‐cell depletion through the generation of ROS and depletion of steroidogenesis in the testis, which can be protected by the co‐administration of α‐lipoic acid and NAC.Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 833–850, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Comparison of the Temperature Regime of Short Stream Segments under Forested and Non‐Forested Riparian Zones at Eleven Sites Across North America
Authors: Simmons J. A. , Anderson M. , Dress W. , Hanna C. , Hornbach D. J. , Janmaat A. , Kuserk F. , March J. G. , Murray T. , Niedzwiecki J. , Panvini D. , Pohlad B. , Thomas C. , Vasseur L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWhen forested riparian zones are cleared for agriculture or development, major changes can occur in the stream temperature regime and consequently in ecosystem structure and function. Our main objective was to compare the summer temperature regimes of streams with and without forest canopy cover at multiple sites. The secondary objective was to identify the components of the stream heat budget that had the greatest influence on the stream temperature regime. Paired stream reaches (one forested and one non‐forested or ‘open’) were identified at 11 sites distributed across the USA and Canada. Stream temperature was monitored at the upstream and downstream ends of 80 to 130‐m‐long reaches during summer, and five variables were calculated to describe the stream temperature regime. Overall, compared with forested reaches, open reaches tended to have significantly higher daily mean (mean difference = 0.33 ± 1.1°C) and daily maximum (mean difference = 1.0 ± 1.7°C) temperatures and wider daily ranges (mean difference = 1.1 ± 1.7°C). Mean and maximum daily net heat fluxes in open reaches tended to be greater (or less negative) than those in forested reaches. However, certain sites showed the opposite trends in some variables because of the following: (i) Daily mean and maximum temperatures were biased by differences in inflow temperature between paired reaches and (ii) inputs of cold groundwater exerted a strong influence on temperature. Modelling and regression results suggested that within sites, differences in direct solar radiation were mainly responsible for the observed differences in stream temperature variables at the daily scale. © 2014 The Authors.River Research and Applicationspublished by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FISH BODY CONDITION AND RECRUITMENT RESPONSES TO ANTECEDENT FLOWS IN DRYLAND RIVERS ARE SPECIES AND RIVER SPECIFIC
Authors: Balcombe S. R. , Arthington A. H. , Sternberg D. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTDryland rivers in arid and semi‐arid regions drain approximately one‐third of the Earth's land area, yet basic aspects of their ecology are poorly documented and many are threatened by excessive water use leading to alterations of the flow regime. Management of dryland rivers imperilled by changes to the flow regime requires quantitative hydro‐ecological relationships and models to support environmental flow restoration strategies and to define ecological response indicators for assessment of trends in ecological health. Fish living in dryland rivers experience highly variable levels of food resources associated with ‘boom and bust’ productivity patterns driven by highly irregular episodes of rainfall, runoff and floodplain inundation followed by busts associated with drying of remnant aquatic habitats. To cope with variable food resource levels, fish store energy as fat during productivity booms, enabling them to breed later or to survive through extended periods of limited food resources. This study tracked temporal patterns of body condition and recruitment success of the four most abundant fish species in two Australian dryland river systems with contrasting patterns of flow variability, Cooper Creek and the Moonie River. We found consistent responses to flow magnitude and timing for body condition and/or recruitment success in Cooper Creek but fewer responses in the Moonie River. Results suggest that the fish metrics and relationships to flow established for Cooper Creek may apply in similar dryland rivers exhibiting clear boom and bust patterns, whereas the Moonie River results could be applicable to rivers with less variable flow patterns and fewer spells of zero flows. Our study demonstrates that simple, non‐destructive methods based on fish length and weight provide useful biological indicators of response to flow variability provided that care is taken with species selection and that hydro‐ecological relationships are calibrated for each contrasting type of hydrologic regime. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are Clinical Trials With Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells too Far Ahead of the Science? Lessons From Experimental Hematology
Authors: Prockop Darwin J. , Prockop Susan E. , Bertoncello Ivan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The cells referred to as mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are currently being used to treat thousands of patients with diseases of essentially all the organs and tissues of the body. Strikingly positive results have been reported in some patients, but there have been few prospective controlled studies. Also, the reasons for the beneficial effects are frequently unclear. As a result there has been a heated debate as to whether the clinical trials with these new cell therapies are too far ahead of the science. The debate is not easily resolved, but important insights are provided by the 60-year history that was required to develop the first successful stem cell therapy, the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. The history indicates that development of a dramatically new therapy usually requires patience and a constant dialogue between basic scientists and physicians carrying out carefully designed clinical trials. It also suggests that the field can be moved forward by establishing better records of how MSCs are prepared, by establishing a large supply of reference MSCs that can be used to validate assays and compare MSCs prepared in different laboratories, and by continuing efforts to establish in vivo assays for the efficacy of MSCs. Stem Cells 2014;32:3055–3061
A Switch From Canonical to Noncanonical Wnt Signaling Mediates Early Differentiation of Human Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Bengoa-Vergniory Nora , Gorroño-Etxebarria Irantzu , González-Salazar Itxaso , Kypta Robert M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWnt/β-catenin signaling is essential for neurogenesis but less is known about β-catenin-independent Wnt signals. We show here that Wnt/activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling drives differentiation of human embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. Neuronal differentiation was accompanied by a reduction in β-catenin/Tcf-dependent transcription and target gene expression, increased levels and/or phosphorylation of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), cyclic AMP response element-binding protein, and c-Jun, and increased AP-1-dependent transcription. Inhibition of Wnt secretion using the porcupine inhibitors IWP-2 and Wnt-C59 blocked neuronal differentiation, while activation or inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling had no effect. Neuronal differentiation increased expression of several Wnt genes, including WNT3A, silencing of which reduced differentiation. Addition of recombinant Wnt-3a to cells treated with IWP-2 or Wnt-C59 increased AP-1 levels and restored neuronal differentiation. The effects of Wnt-3a could not be blocked by addition of Dkk-1 or IWR-1, suggesting the involvement of noncanonical signaling. Consistent with this, restoration of neuronal differentiation by Wnt-3a was reduced by inhibition of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and by gene silencing of ATF2. Together, these observations suggest that β-catenin-independent Wnt signals promote neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation in a signaling pathway involving Wnt-3a, JNK, and ATF2. Stem Cells 2014;32:3196–3208
Concise Review: Exploring miRNAs—Toward a Better Understanding of Hematopoiesis
Authors: Hong Seok-Ho , Kim Kye-Seong , Oh Il-Hoan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHematopoiesis is governed by a multidimensional regulatory network involving both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that control self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through the coordination of influences that affect cell fate. Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs), short noncoding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides, play a central role in orchestrating these regulatory mechanisms to modulate the multiple entities of hematopoietic function in a cell-type specific manner, including self-renewal, lineage commitment, and survival of HSCs as well as their microenvironmental crosstalk. Here, we summarize the current understanding regarding the regulatory effects of miRNA on hematopoietic cells, thus enlightening their role in fine-tuning HSC function and hematopoietic homeostasis. Stem Cells 2015;33:1–7
Design of composite slabs with prepressed embossments using small‐scale tests
Authors: Holomek Josef , Bajer Miroslav , Barnat Jan , Schmid Pavel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe loadbearing capacity of steel‐concrete composite slabs using thin‐walled steel sheeting with prepressed embossments is in most cases determined by their resistance in longitudinal shear. The design of composite slabs still requires full‐scale laboratory bending tests to be performed. Small‐scale shear tests cannot include all of the influences affecting the bent slab. However, by using an appropriate procedure, the shear characteristics obtained from such tests can be used to determine the bending capacity of the slab. Two such procedures are compared in this paper.End restraints effectively increase the loadbearing capacity of the composite slabs. Two different types of easily assembled additional end constraints are also tested and compared in this paper. Small‐scale tests are used to obtain their shear bearing characteristics and to predict the loadbearing capacity of bent slabs using these restraints.
Innovation and Transaction Cost
Authors: Suematsu Chihiro 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInnovation is indispensable to increase sales through matching new market needs and new technologies, in order to revitalize the saturated economy. This is a significant issue shared among the developed countries. However, it is difficult to define innovation because its meaning tends to be taken widely due to its versatile importance. The classic definition of innovation advocated by Joseph A. Schumpeter back in 1934 is used in almost every study on the topic. Innovation, according to Schumpeter, is “a new combination of means of production—that is, as a change in the factors of production (inputs) to produce products (outputs).”
Transaction Interface: Organization, Process, and System
Authors: Suematsu Chihiro 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe preceding chapter described how transaction costs are incurred at transaction interfaces. This chapter will illustrate that organizational functions are essentially synonymous with transaction interfaces. From this perspective, both strategy and IT can be handled identically as organizational issues. Modularity, standards, and innovation management are also included and discussed in the following chapters. In this book, new universal management methodologies to deal with organizational and strategic issues are proposed applying this perspective.
Coevolution of Markets and Organizations
Authors: Suematsu Chihiro 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this book, the commonalities of organizations and the market,1 in both of which the transaction is executed in compliance with the transaction interface, have been emphasized. In economics, Ronald Coase clarified in Chap. 1 of his epoch-making book The Firm, the Market, and the Law2 that “markets are institutions that exist to facilitate exchange—that is, they exist in order to reduce the cost of carrying out exchange transactions.” This could be paraphrased, using the terminologies of this book, as “the market is a collection of interfaces to reduce transaction costs.” That is, both the organization and the market are collections of interfaces with an identical purpose.
Methodologies for Designing and Managing Interfaces, Modules, Standards, and Processes
Authors: Suematsu Chihiro 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThroughout this book, the essential commonalities among organizations—interfaces,1 modules, and standards—have been explored. Module structure is determined by interfaces rather than the module body. A standard is defined as a condition under which interfaces are shared by the majority. Processes correspond to interfaces per se. For these managerial devices, which are essentially identical, common design methodologies should be applied. As discussed thus far in this book, transaction costs are reduced by the development of interfaces, but the results would be very different depending upon the technologies of the design and operation of interfaces.
Logical Thinking/Creative Thinking
Authors: Suematsu Chihiro 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this chapter, creativity will be examined and structured from the perspective of transaction. Just as in the previous chapters, the enhancement of the creative thinking process and activity will be studied by applying the methodology of managing transaction costs. It is obvious that the methodology of integration of modules based on interfaces also has significant value in creativity, which is widely conceived as integration of knowledge. In addition, the development and enhancement of individual creative thinking will be analyzed from a perspective that it is also conceived as diversified communication within an individual’s intellectual activity.
Preservation of the Left Gastric Artery on the Basis of Anatomical Features in Patients Undergoing Distal Pancreatectomy with Celiac Axis En‐bloc Resection (DP‐CAR)
Authors: Okada Ken‐ichi , Kawai Manabu , Tani Masaji , Hirono Seiko , Miyazawa Motoki , Shimizu Atsushi , Kitahata Yuji , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground
The incidence of delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is high in patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis en‐bloc resection (DP‐CAR).MethodsThe medical records of 37 consecutive patients who underwent DP‐CAR were evaluated for the incidence of DGE in 23 patients (62 %) with left gastric artery (LGA)‐resecting DP‐CAR (conventional DP‐CAR) compared with 14 patients (38 %) who underwent distal pancreatectomy with resection of the common hepatic artery and splenic artery, with preservation of the LGA (modified DP‐CAR) for pancreatic carcinoma. The patients with tumors situated more than 10 mm away from the antecedent branching LGA underwent modified DP‐CAR.ResultsAntecedent branching of the LGA was found in 19 patients (51 %) in this series. In the conventional DP‐CAR group, the LGA was involved in 20 patients (87.0 %). The International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) grades for the conventional DP‐CAR group were as follows: no DGE = 43 %, grade A = 26 %, B = 13 %, and C = 17 %. In the modified DP‐CAR group, they were as follows: no DGE = 93 %, grade A = 7 %, and grade B/C = 0 %. The R0 rate was higher in the modified DP‐CAR group (79 %) than in the conventional DP‐CAR group (43 %) (p = 0.048). Univariate analyses revealed resection of LGA, residual tumor status (R1), and clinically relevant (Grade B, C) pancreatic fistula increased the risk of DGE. On multivariate analysis, resection of the LGA was an independent risk factor for increased incidence of DGE.ConclusionModified DP‐CAR, when it is feasible, significantly reduces the incidence of DGE in comparison with conventional DP‐CAR.
Anterior Surgical Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Quinn John C. , Kiely Paul D. , Lebl Darren R. , Hughes Alexander P. 
Published: August 2014

Background Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common indication for cervical spine surgery. Surgical options include anterior, posterior, or combined procedures each with specific advantages and disadvantages. Questions/Purposes This article will provide a description of the various anterior alternatives and discuss the available evidence used in guiding the surgical decision making process with the aim of answering the following questions: (1) What anatomical/disease related factors favor anterior over posterior surgeries? (2) What are the common anterior procedures and how safe and effective are they? (3) What are the most effective options for multilevel CSM? (4) Is there a role for motion preservation? An additional objective is to discuss technical advances that have improved success rates for anterior procedures. Methods The PubMed database was searched. Keywords were CSM and anterior surgery. Three hundred eighty two articles were found one hundred three were reviewed. Articles describing anterior cervical techniques were selected along with studies describing the various anterior techniques or comparisons of anterior to posterior techniques. Results Anterior decompression and fusion procedures are more effective than posterior procedures for patients with primarily ventrally located compression especially in the presence of cervical kyphosis. ACDF, ACCF, and hybrid combinations are safe and effective treatment options for multilevel CSM. Anterior procedures may be more cost effective and result in significantly improved postoperative quality of life and health-related quality of life measures compared to posterior procedures. Conclusion Anterior cervical decompression techniques are safe and effective in the treatment of CSM. Anterior surgeries may be preferable to posterior approaches, when considering health-related quality of life measures and cost effectiveness.