bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of recipient cytomegalovirus in immunosuppressed and xenotransplanted Macaca fascicularis may be related to more severe gastrointestinal lesions
Authors: Cavicchioli Laura , Zanetti Rossella , Ferraresso Serena , Crossan Claire , Barry Peter A. , Boldrin Massimo , Vadori Marta , Ferro Silvia , Calabrese Fiorella , Scobie Linda , Cozzi Emanuele , Zappulli Valentina 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundXenotransplantation is a potential answer to the current organ shortage, but the risk of infections related to overimmunosuppression is an important parameter that may predict the recipient's long‐term survival. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in xenotransplanted and immunosuppressed primates is a well‐known cause of disease particularly affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and a zoonotic concern.MethodsPost‐mortem sera and tissues from 45 immunosuppressed and xenografted Macaca fascicularis were evaluated for CMV using antisera specific for the immediate early 1 (IE1), anti‐RhCMV, and QPCR for virus.ResultsSerological analysis showed 100% positivity for the presence of CMV antibodies following the application of a specific test designed for RhCMV. Five of 45 primates showed typical lesions of CMV infection in the GI tract, including neutrophilic enteritis and inclusion bodies. Molecular analysis confirmed the presence of recipient's CMV in the tissues with CMV histopathology. Porcine CMV from the donor animals was not found in any of the CMV‐specific IHC‐positive recipients.ConclusionThe presence of active CMV infection in animals intended for xenograft experiments can lead to severe gastrointestinal lesions that could impact the overall aims of the study. In such cases, the animals should be investigated using appropriate (non‐human primate‐specific) diagnostic tools prior to use and treated aggressively with state‐of‐the‐art antiviral therapy.
THE DISPOSITIONALIST DEITY: HOW GOD CREATES LAWS AND WHY THEISTS SHOULD CARE
Authors: Page Ben 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHow does God govern the world? For many theists “laws of nature” play a vital role. But what are these laws, metaphysically speaking? I shall argue that laws of nature are not external to the objects they govern, but instead should be thought of as reducible to internal features of properties. Recent work in metaphysics and philosophy of science has revived a dispositionalist conception of nature, according to which nature is not passive, but active and dynamic. Disposition theorists see particulars as being internally powerful rather than being governed by external laws of nature, making external laws in effect ontologically otiose. I will argue that theists should prefer a dispositionalist ontology, since it leads them toward the theory of concurrentism in divine conservation, rather than occasionalism, and revives the distinction between internal and external teleology. God on this view does not govern the world through external laws of nature, but rather through internal aspects of powerful properties.
CONFUCIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS, CLIMATE ENGINEERING, AND THE “PLAYING GOD” ARGUMENT
Authors: Wong Pak‐Hang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe burgeoning literature on the ethical issues raised by climate engineering has explored various normative questions associated with the research and deployment of climate engineering, and has examined a number of responses to them. While researchers have noted the ethical issues from climate engineering are global in nature, much of the discussion proceeds predominately with ethical framework in the Anglo‐American and European traditions, which presume particular normative standpoints and understandings of human–nature relationship. The current discussion on the ethical issues, therefore, is far from being a genuine global dialogue. The aim of this article is to address the lack of intercultural exchange by exploring the ethics of climate engineering from a perspective of Confucian environmental ethics. Drawing from the existing discussion on Confucian environmental ethics and Confucian ethics of technology, I discuss what Confucian ethics can contribute to the ethical debate on climate engineering.
SCIENCE AND RELIGION IN THE KRAKÓW SCHOOL
Authors: Brożek Bartosz , Heller Michael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article outlines the contributions of the Kraków School to the field of science and religion. The Kraków School is a group of philosophers, scientists, and theologians who belong to the milieu of the Copernicus Center for Interdisciplinary Studies. The members of the group are engaged in inquiries pertaining to the relationship between theology and various sciences, in particular cosmology, evolutionary theory, and neuroscience. The article includes a presentation of the historical background of the School, as well as its main original contributions pertaining to the history of the interactions between science and religion, the rationality and mathematicity of the universe, theology of science, and the role of logic in theology.
MATRIX THINKING: AN ADAPTATION AT THE FOUNDATION OF HUMAN SCIENCE, RELIGION, AND ART
Authors: Rappaport Margaret Boone , Corbally Christopher 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntrigued by Robinson and Southgate's 2010 work on “entering a semiotic matrix,” we expand their model to include the juxtaposition of all signs, symbols, and mental categories, and to explore the underpinnings of creativity in science, religion, and art. We rely on an interdisciplinary review of human sentience in archaeology, evolutionary biology, the cognitive science of religion, and literature, and speculate on the development of sentience in response to strong selection pressure on the hominin evolutionary line, leaving us the “lone survivors” of complex, multiple lines of physical and cultural evolution. What we call Matrix Thinking—the creative driver of human sentience—has important cognitive and intellectual features, but also equally important characteristics traced to our intense sociability and use of emotionality in vetting rational models. Scientist, theologian, and artist create new cultural knowledge within a social context even if alone. They are rewarded by emotional validation from group members, and guided by the ever present question, “Does it feel right?”
THEISM RECONSIDERED: BELIEF IN GOD AND THE EXISTENCE OF GOD
Authors: Pyysiäinen Ilkka 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article develops a new perspective on theism that (1) makes the simple juxtaposition of theism and atheism problematic, (2) and helps bridge philosophy of religion and the empirical study of religious phenomena. The basic idea is developed inspired by Terrence Deacon's bookIncomplete Natureand its description of “ententional” phenomena, together with some ideas from the cognitive science of religion, especially those related to agency and “theological correctness.” It is argued that God should not be understood as a “homunculus” that stops an otherwise infinite regress of arguments.
The Impact of Web-based Technology on Small Businesses
Authors: Baldwin Courtney S. 
Published: February 2015

The problem discussed in this paper is the need to understand ways to implement web-based technology to reduce the cost and time in doing business. The specific focus of this paper is to understand what the risks, challenges, and methodology are for implementing web-based technology for reducing the operating costs for the small business and still protect the security of the business. The key research questions included are: (a) What are the challenges of small business implementing web-based technology within their companies. (b) Which project methodology should be used to implement web-based technology projects in small business? (c) What are the risks and issues when implementing web-based technology in small business? According to the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA, 2011),seven out of 10 new employer firms survive at least 2 years, half at least 5 years, a third at least 10 years, and a quarter stay in business 15 years or more. Besser (2012) wrote that small businesses are the vast majority of businesses and make a significant contribution to national economic vitality.
Mechanical effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of upper airway muscles in awake obstructive sleep apnoea subjects
Authors: Rousseau Eric , Gakwaya Simon , Melo‐Silva César Augusto , Sériès Frédéric 
Published: February 2015

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Can repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the genioglossus enhance the beneficial effects observed with transcranial magnetic stimulation single twitches on upper airway mechanical properties?

What is the main finding and its importance?
We found that both inspiratory and expiratory rTMS protocols induce a different activation pattern of upper airway muscles, with evidence for an increase in genioglossus corticomotor excitability in response to rTMS. This is of major importance because it might open the door for rTMS protocols with the goal of increasing corticomotor excitability and, thus, possibly increasing the tonic genioglossus activity, which is known to be diminished during sleep in subjects with sleep apnoea.

AbstractStimulation of upper airway (UA) muscles during sleep by isolated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) twitch can improve airflow dynamics without arousal, but the effect of repetitive TMS (rTMS) on UA dynamics is unknown. Phrenic nerve magnetic stimulation (PNMS) can be used to produce painless experimental twitch‐induced flow limitation during wakefulness. The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of rTMS applied during wakefulness on UA mechanical properties using PNMS in subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Phrenic nerve magnetic stimulation was applied to 10 subjects, with and without simultaneous rTMS, during inspiration and expiration. Flow‐limitation characteristics and UA obstruction level were determined [maximal (and minimal inspiratory airflow ( flow drop (oropharyngeal (POro,peak) and velopharyngeal peak pressures, oropharyngeal k1/k2 ratios with k1 and k2 determined by the polynomial regression model between instantaneous flow and pharyngeal pressure and UA resistance]. Both genioglossus and diaphragm root mean squares and motor‐evoked potential amplitudes (geniolossus, GGAmp) and latencies were computed. A flow‐limitation pattern always occurred after PNMS. A decrease in and an increase in occurred following rTMS applied during inspiration, and POro,peak values were more negative with both inspiratory and expiratory rTMS. The GGAmp also increased significantly from the second to the last rTMS expiratory train twitch. All other parameters remained unchanged. These results suggest the following conclusions: (i) rTMS does not improve UA mechanical properties in awake subjects with OSA; (ii) the activation pattern of UA muscles differs following isolated twitch and repetitive cortical stimulation of the genioglossus; and (iii) rTMS applied during expiration induces corticomotor facilitation.
Measuring Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity in Adolescents
Authors: Gunnell Katie E. , Brunet Jennifer , Wing Erin K. , Bélanger Mathieu 
Published: February 2015

Background:Perceived barriers to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) may contribute to the low rates of moderate-to-vigorous PA in adolescents. We examined the psychometric properties of scores from the perceived barriers to moderate-to-vigorous PA scale (PB-MVPA) by examining composite reliability and validity evidence based on the internal structure of the PB-MVPA and relations with other variables.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional analysis of data collected in 2013 from adolescents (N = 507; Mage = 12.40, SD = .62) via self-report scales.Results:Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we found that perceived barriers were best represented as two factors representing internal (e.g., “I am not interested in physical activity”) and external (e.g., “I need equipment I don’t have”) dimensions. Composite reliability was over .80. Using multiple regression to examine the relationship between perceived barriers and moderate-to-vigorous PA, we found that perceived internal barriers were inversely related to moderate-to-vigorous PA (β = -.32, p < .05). Based on results of the analysis of variances, there were no known-group sex differences for perceived internal and external barriers (p < .26).Conclusions:The PB-MVPA scale demonstrated evidence of score reliability and validity. To improve the understanding of the impact of perceived barriers on moderate-to-vigorous PA in adolescents, researchers should examine internal and external barriers separately.
Genome Sequences of Three Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Infantis Strains from Healthy Broiler Chicks in Hungary and in the United Kingdom
Authors: Olasz Ferenc , Nagy Tibor , Szabó Móni , Kiss János , Szmolka Ama , Barta Endre , van Tonder Andries , Thomson Nicholas , Barrow Paul , Nagy Béla 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

The genome sequences of three strains of
Salmonella enterica
subsp. enterica serovar Infantis isolated from broiler chickens in 1994 and 2004 in Hungary and in the 1980s in the United Kingdom are reported here. A sequence comparison should improve our understanding of the evolution of the genome and spread of
S.
Infantis in poultry.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JJC33M, Isolated from Sugarcane Soils in the Papaloapan Region, Mexico
Authors: Montor-Antonio J. J. , Sachman-Ruiz B. , Lozano L. , del Moral S. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
strain JJC33M is a bacterium that produces α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and was isolated from sugarcane soil. Its estimated genome size is 3.96 Mb, and it harbors 4,048 coding genes (CDSs).
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Burkholderia multivorans Sequential Isolates from a Chronic Lung Infection of a Cystic Fibrosis Patient
Authors: Silva Inês N. , Santos Pedro M. , Moreira Leonilde M. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia multivorans
belongs to the
Burkholderia cepacia
complex, which comprises opportunistic pathogens infecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Here, we report the genome sequences and annotations of two sequential B. multivorans clinical isolates (D2095 and D2214) displaying different traits. The differences in the genomic contents of these isolates may provide clues regarding the evolution of B. multivorans within the airways of a CF patient.
Genome Sequence of Borrelia chilensis VA1, a South American Member of the Lyme Borreliosis Group
Authors: Huang Weihua , Ojaimi Caroline , Fallon John T. , Travisany Dante , Maass Alejandro , Ivanova Larisa , Tomova Alexandra , González-Acuña Daniel , Godfrey Henry P. , Cabello Felipe C. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Borrelia chilensis strain VA1 is a recently described South American member of the
Borrelia burgdorferi
sensu lato
complex from Chile. Whole-genome sequencing analysis determined its linear chromosome and plasmids lp54 and cp26, confirmed its membership in the Lyme borreliosis group, and will open new research avenues regarding its pathogenic potential.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Xylella fastidiosa CoDiRO Strain
Authors: Giampetruzzi Annalisa , Chiumenti Michela , Saponari Maria , Donvito Giacinto , Italiano Alessandro , Loconsole Giuliana , Boscia Donato , Cariddi Corrado , Martelli Giovanni Paolo , Saldarelli Pasquale 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

We determined the draft genome sequence of the
Xylella fastidiosa
CoDiRO strain, which has been isolated from olive plants in southern Italy (Apulia). It is associated with olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) and characterized by extensive scorching and desiccation of leaves and twigs.
Metagenomics Reveals Planktonic Bacterial Community Shifts across a Natural CO
2
Gradient in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Chauhan Ashvini , Pathak Ashish , Rodolfo-Metalpa Riccardo , Milazzo Marco , Green Stefan J. , Hall-Spencer Jason M. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Bacterial communities at a CO
2
vent (pH 6.7) were compared with those at control (pH 8.0) and transition sites (pH 7.6) using 16S rRNA metagenomics.
Firmicutes
and unclassified bacteria dominated across all sites,
Proteobacteria
, especially
Gammaproteobacteria
, declined, and
Epsilonproteobacteria
increased in the vent with an increase in
Bacteroidetes
at both the vent and transition sites.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Xanthomonas vesicatoria Strains from the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Vancheva Taca , Bogatzevska Nevena , Moncheva Penka , Lefeuvre Pierre , Koebnik Ralf 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Xanthomonas vesicatoria
causes bacterial spot disease of pepper and tomato plants. We report here the first genome sequences of X. vesicatoria strains that have been isolated from pepper plants. These data will be used for comparative genomics and will allow the development of new detection and typing tools for epidemiological surveillance.
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of the Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis Pathotype Strain CFBP 2541
Authors: Pesce Céline , Bolot Stéphanie , Cunnac Sébastien , Portier Perrine , Fischer-Le Saux Marion , Jacques Marie-Agnès , Gagnevin Lionel , Arlat Matthieu , Noël Laurent D. , Carrère Sébastien , Bragard Claude , Koebnik Ralf 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Xanthomonas translucens
pv. cerealis is the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak on true grasses. The genome of the pathotype strain CFBP 2541 was sequenced in order to decipher mechanisms that provoke disease and to elucidate the role of transcription activator-like (TAL) type III effectors in pathogenicity.
Draft Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter sp. Strain YZS-X1-1, a Denitrifying Bacterium Isolated from Freshwater Pond Sludge in China
Authors: Zhang Honggang , Li Xinzhi , Zhang Bingzhao , Liu Chenli 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Acinetobacter sp. strain YZS-X1-1 was isolated from freshwater pond sludge in China. Here, we present the draft genome of strain YZS-X1-1, which consists of 3,278,660 bases, with a G+C content of 42.1%.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Genotype of Squash Mosaic Virus Infecting Squash in Spain
Authors: Li Rugang , Gao Shan , Berendsen Sven , Fei Zhangjun , Ling Kai-Shu 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
The complete genome sequence of a new isolate of squash mosaic virus (SqMV) infecting squash plants in Spain was obtained using deep sequencing of small RNAs. The low nucleotide sequence identities, with only 87 to 88% for RNA1 and 84 to 86% for RNA2 to known SqMV isolates, suggested that this isolate belongs to a novel genotype.
Anti-TNF therapy for paediatric IBD: the Scottish national experience
Authors: Cameron F L , Wilson M L , Basheer N , Jamison A , McGrogan P , Bisset W M , Gillett P M , Russell R K , Wilson D C 
Published: February 2015

Background and aimsBiological agents are being increasingly used in the UK for paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) despite limited evidence and safety concerns. We evaluated effectiveness and safety in the clinical setting, highlighting drug cost pressures, using our national Scottish PIBD biological registry.MethodsComplete usage of the biological agents, infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) for treatment of PIBD (in those aged <18 years) from 1 January 2000 to 30 September 2010 was collated from all treatments administered within the Scottish Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (PGHAN) national managed service network (all regional PGHAN centres and paediatric units within their associated district general hospitals).Results132 children had biological therapy; 24 required both agents; 114 had Crohn's disease (CD), 16 had ulcerative colitis (UC) and 2 had IBD Unclassified (IBDU). 127 children received IFX to induce remission; 61 entered remission, 49 had partial response and 17 had no response. 72 were given maintenance IFX and 23 required dose escalation. 18 had infusion reactions and 27 had adverse events (infections/other adverse events). 29 had ADA to induce remission (28 CD and 1 UC), 24 after IFX; 10 entered remission, 12 had partial response and 7 had no response. All had maintenance; 19 required dose escalation. 12 children overall required hospitalisation due to drug toxicity. No deaths occurred with either IFX or ADA.ConclusionsComplete accrual of the Scottish nationwide ‘real-life’ experience demonstrates moderate effectiveness of anti tumour necrosis factor agents in severe PIBD but duration of effect is limited; significant financial issues (drug cost—need for dose escalation and/or multiple biological usage) and safety issues exist.
The combined perceptions of people with stroke and their carers regarding rehabilitation needs 1 year after stroke: a mixed methods study
Authors: Ekstam Lisa , Johansson Ulla , Guidetti Susanne , Eriksson Gunilla , Ytterberg Charlotte 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to explore the associations between the dyad’s (person with stroke and informal caregiver) perception of the person with stroke’s rehabilitation needs and stroke severity, personal factors (gender, age, sense of coherence), the use of rehabilitation services, amount of informal care and caregiver burden. Further, the aim was to explore the personal experience of everyday life changes among persons with stroke and their caregivers and their strategies for handling these 1 year after stroke.DesignA mixed methods design was used combining quantitative and qualitative data and analyses.SettingData were mainly collected in the participants’ homes.Outcome measuresData were collected through established instruments and open-ended interviews. The dyad's perceptions of the person with stroke’s rehabilitation needs were assessed by the persons with stroke and their informal caregivers using a questionnaire based on Ware’s taxonomy. The results were combined and classified into three groups: met, discordant (ie, not in agreement) and unmet rehabilitation needs. To assess sense of coherence (SOC) in persons with stroke, the SOC-scale was used. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Caregiver Burden Scale. Data on the use of rehabilitation services were obtained from the computerised register at the Stockholm County Council.Participants86 persons with stroke (mean age 73 years, 38% women) and their caregivers (mean age 65 years, 40% women).ResultsFifty-two per cent of the dyads perceived that the person with stroke’s need for rehabilitation was met 12 months after stroke. Met rehabilitation needs were associated with less severe stroke, more coping strategies for solving problems in everyday activities and less caregiver burden.ConclusionsRehabilitation interventions need to focus on supporting the dyads’ process of psychological and social adaptation after stroke. Future studies need to explore and evaluate the effects of using a dyadic perspective throughout rehabilitation.