bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary arc current of ultra‐high voltage transmission line with a mixed voltage of 1000/500 kV on a single tower
Authors: Sima Wenxia , Wang Rong , Yang Ming , Yang Qing , Yuan Tao 
Published: March 2015

Among the ultra‐high‐voltage (UHV) grids in eastern China, the construction of multi‐circuit transmission lines with mixed voltages on a single tower is a novel transmission technology that can significantly reduce line corridor coverage, maximise the use of tower height and significantly improve power transmission capacity per area. However, the electromagnetic interaction between lines is complicated and interferes with the secondary arc current. This study proposes a hybrid tower model that incorporates double‐circuit transmission lines with alternating currents at 1000 and 500 kV. Its secondary arc current is investigated according to circuit analysis and EMTDC in consideration of the electromagnetic coupling effect, along with the influences of line length, compensation, phase sequence and transposition on the secondary arc current. Results show that a strong secondary arc current is generated for 1000 kV transmission lines in accordance with the UHV hybrid transmission project from Ximeng to Shanghai. This finding should be emphasised. Furthermore, the influence of quadruple‐circuit line length on the secondary arc current depends on line voltage rating. Finally, this study presents several methods that may reduce the secondary arc current, such as transposing lines evenly and installing suitable neutral reactors.
Design and study of nano‐plasmonic couplers using aluminium arsenide and alumina
Authors: Saber Md. Ghulam , Sagor Rakibul Hasan 
Published: March 2015

A theoretical study of nano‐plasmonic couplers constructed using aluminium arsenide (AlAs) and alumina (Al2 O3) is presented. The analysis has been done using the finite difference time domain technique. The dependence of coupling efficiency on the width of the air layer of silver–air–silver waveguide has been investigated to determine the optimal width of air. Coupling efficiency with the variation in input signal wavelength, reflection coefficient and return loss have been calculated numerically in order to characterise the performance of AlAs and Al2 O3 as nano‐plasmonic couplers. The resonant peaks have also been obtained for both AlAs and Al2 O3. The couplers provide appreciable performance at 1550 nm wavelength and have simple rectangular shape with no tapering which provides advantage in the fabrication process. It also offers broadband operation.
Q‐switched thulium–ytterbium co‐doped fibre laser using newly developed octagonal shaped inner cladding double‐clad active fibre and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes passive saturable absorber
Authors: Babar I.M. , Sabran M.B.S. , Harun Sulaiman Wadi , Ahmad Harith , Paul M.C. , Halder Arindam , Das Shyamal , Bhadra S.K. 
Published: March 2015

Simple and low cost passive Q‐switched thulium–ytterbium co‐doped fibre lasers (TYFL) operating at 1977.5 nm is demonstrated using 905 nm multimode pumping, in conjunction with a multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) saturable absorber. It uses a new octagonal shaped double‐clad thulium ytterbium co‐doped fibre, manufactured using a modified chemical vapour deposition process and a solution doping. The Tm3+ and Yb3+ cladding absorptions of the fibre are 0.325 and 3.3 dB/m at 790 nm and 976 nm, respectively. The MWCNTs composite is prepared by mixing the MWCNTs homogeneous solution with a diluted polyvinyl alcohol polymer solution before it is left to dry at room temperature to produce thin film. The film is sandwiched between two fibre connectors and integrated into the laser cavity for Q‐switching pulse generation. The repetition rate of the Q‐switching pulse can be tuned from 18.8 to 50.6 kHz while the pulse width reduces from 8.6 to 1.0 µs as the pump power increases from 1.6 to 2.3 W. At the pump power of 2.1 W, the TYFL produces the maximum pulse energy of 5.7 nJ.
Wide‐range in‐fibre Fabry‐Perot resonator for ultrasonic sensing
Authors: Islam Md. Rajibul , Mahmood Ali Muhammad , Lai Man‐Hong , Lim Kok‐Sing , Gunawardena Dinusha Serandi , Machavaram Venkata Rajanikanth , Ahmad Harith 
Published: March 2015

This study reports on the demonstration and characterisation of a short cavity fibre Fabry‐Perot resonator (FPR) for the detection of ultrasonic waves propagating through a solid medium over a frequency range of 1 kHz–10 MHz. The proposed sensing device has some outstanding features in terms of simple fabrication technique, frequency response and high sensitivity over a wide frequency range. The response of the surface‐mounted FPR sensor showed good agreement with that of a commercially available piezoelectric transducer during ultrasonic excitation.
Stacked polymer waveguide type fan‐in/fan‐out device for dense multi‐core fibre
Authors: Watanabe Tatsuhiko , Kokubun Yasuo 
Published: March 2015

A compact fan‐in/fan‐out waveguide device for 19‐core uncoupled multi‐core fibre (MCF) was demonstrated using laminated polymer waveguide. The core was made of poly‐methyl‐methacrylate and the cladding was made of ultra‐violet (UV) cured epoxy resin which is solvent‐free oligomer. Since the oligomer does not shrink after UV‐curing, the surface of the cladding over the core ridge was flattened and the multiple layers can be laminated. The accurate core alignment in the vertical direction was realised by controlling the spin‐coat condition of cladding material precisely. The insertion loss from a 19‐core fibre to 19 single‐core fibres was measured to be <20 dB and the sum of the cross‐talk from all neighbouring cores was lower than −40 dB. The coupling loss which is caused by the offset of the core position and the spot size mismatch at the facet between the MCF core and the waveguide was <1.8 dB. It was shown that the coupling loss and the insertion loss can be improved by adopting a properly selected pair of polymer materials with appropriate value of index contrast and low absorption loss.
Small‐signal model analysis and control design of a double‐ended forward converter in discontinuous‐capacitor‐voltage mode
Authors: Yang Jianbo , Faris Al‐Naemi , Zhang Weiping 
Published: March 2015

A double‐ended forward converter with an input inductor–capacitor filter has inherent power factor correction (PFC) properties and continuous input current when operating in discontinuous‐capacitor‐voltage mode (DCVM). In this study, the minimum separable switching configuration modelling is applied to the proposed converter operating in DCVM to obtain a small‐signal model of the converter. The impact of the circuit parameters on the small‐signal characteristic are discussed in details. The difference between the small‐signal behaviour of the converter when operating as a DC/DC converter and a PFC converter is investigated. The modelling methodology is intended for the design of controllers in closed‐loop operation. A 100 W prototype is implemented to demonstrate the feature of the small‐signal behaviour.
Modified step‐up boost converter with coupled‐inductor and super‐lift techniques
Authors: Bahrami Hamid , Iman‐Eini Hossein , Kazemi Babak , Taheri Alireza 
Published: March 2015

In this study, a modified efficient step‐up boost converter is proposed. The proposed structure employs coupled‐inductor and super‐lift techniques to achieve high voltage gain. The super‐lift stage absorbs the available energy in the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor, clamps the off‐state voltage of the main switch, and reaches a moderate voltage gain. Moreover, the coupled‐inductor technique offers high voltage gain, low off‐state voltage for the main switch, and alleviates the reverse‐recovery problem of the output diode. Hence, using these two techniques, the proposed converter achieves high step‐up voltage gain and eliminates the drawbacks of the conventional boost converter. The proposed converter is analysed in details and a hardware prototype with the input voltage of 15 V, output voltage of 200 V and the nominal power of 100 W is utilised for the experimental investigation.
Effect of aluminium doping amount on the electrochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles as anode for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Lifeng , Zhang Jinzhen , Liu Yi , Guo Shouwu 
Published: March 2015

Aluminium (Al)‐doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesised by a simple solvothermal method at low temperature. The electrochemical properties of the obtained products as anode for lithium ion batteries were examined through galvanostatic discharge–charge, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results show that the reversible capacities of Al‐doped ZnO NPs are higher than the capacities of pure ZnO synthesised under the same experimental conditions. ZnO NPs doped with 2% (molar ratio) of Al show the best electrochemical properties with reversible specific capacities of 418 mA·h·g−1 at a current density of 50 mA·g−1. The enhanced electrochemical performance of this material could be attributed to the improved electronic conductivity because of the doping of Al3+ at an appropriate concentration.
Using the MAXENT program for species distribution modelling to assess invasion risk.
Authors: Jarnevich C. S. , Young N. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

MAXENT is a software package used to relate known species occurrences to information describing the environment, such as climate, topography, anthropogenic features or soil data, and forecast the presence or absence of a species at unsampled locations. This particular method is one of the most popular species distribution modelling techniques because of its consistent strong predictive performance and its ease to implement. This chapter discusses the decisions and techniques needed to prepare a correlative climate matching model for the native range of an invasive alien species and use this model to predict the potential distribution of this species in a potentially invaded range (i.e. a novel environment) by using MAXENT for the Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) as a case study. The chapter discusses and demonstrates the challenges that are associated with this approach and examines the inherent limitations that come with using MAXENT to forecast distributions of invasive alien species.
HAlign: Fast multiple similar DNA/RNA sequence alignment based on the centre star strategy
Authors: Zou Quan , Hu Qinghua , Guo Maozu , Wang Guohua 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is important work, but bottlenecks arise in the massive MSA of homologous DNA or genome sequences. Most of the available state-of-the-art software tools cannot address large-scale datasets, or they run rather slowly. The similarity of homologous DNA sequences is often ignored. Lack of parallelization is still a challenge for MSA research.
Results: We developed two software tools to address the DNA MSA problem. The first employed trie trees to accelerate the centre star MSA strategy. The expected time complexity was decreased to linear time from square time. To address large-scale data, parallelism was applied using the hadoop platform. Experiments demonstrated the performance of our proposed methods, including their running time, sum-of-pairs scores and scalability. Moreover, we supplied two massive DNA/RNA MSA datasets for further testing and research.
Availability and implementation: The codes, tools and data are accessible free of charge at http://datamining.xmu.edu.cn/software/halign/.
Contact: zouquan@nclab.net or ghwang@hit.edu.cn
AKT phosphorylates H3-threonine 45 to facilitate termination of gene transcription in response to DNA damage
Authors: Lee Jong-Hyuk , Kang Byung-Hee , Jang Hyonchol , Kim Tae Wan , Choi Jinmi , Kwak Sojung , Han Jungwon , Cho Eun-Jung , Youn Hong-Duk 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Post-translational modifications of core histones affect various cellular processes, primarily through transcription. However, their relationship with the termination of transcription has remained largely unknown. In this study, we show that DNA damage-activated AKT phosphorylates threonine 45 of core histone H3 (H3-T45). By genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis, H3-T45 phosphorylation was distributed throughout DNA damage-responsive gene loci, particularly immediately after the transcription termination site. H3-T45 phosphorylation pattern showed close-resemblance to that of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) serine 2 phosphorylation, which establishes the transcription termination signal. AKT1 was more effective than AKT2 in phosphorylating H3-T45. Blocking H3-T45 phosphorylation by inhibiting AKT or through amino acid substitution limited RNA decay downstream of mRNA cleavage sites and decreased RNA polymerase II release from chromatin. Our findings suggest that AKT-mediated phosphorylation of H3-T45 regulates the processing of the 3′ end of DNA damage-activated genes to facilitate transcriptional termination.
Symptom Profiles in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome or Functional Abdominal Pain Compared With Healthy Controls
Authors: Varni James W. , Shulman Robert J. , Self Mariella M. , Nurko Samuel , Saps Miguel , Saeed Shehzad A. , Bendo Cristiane B. , Patel Ashish S. , Dark Chelsea Vaughan , Zacur George M. , Pohl John F. ,   Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Gastrointestinal Symptoms Module Testing Study Consortium
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectives:Patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures of gastrointestinal symptoms are recommended to determine treatment effects for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional abdominal pain (FAP). Study objectives were to compare the symptom profiles of pediatric patients with IBS or FAP with healthy controls and with each other using the PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Gastrointestinal Worry Scales, and to establish clinical interpretability of PRO scale scores through identification of minimal important difference (MID) scores.Methods:Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales were completed in a 9‐site study by 154 pediatric patients and 161 parents (162 families; IBS n = 46, FAP n = 119). Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales measuring stomach pain, stomach discomfort when eating, food and drink limits, trouble swallowing, heartburn and reflux, nausea and vomiting, gas and bloating, constipation, blood in poop, and diarrhea were administered along with Gastrointestinal Worry Scales. A matched sample of 447 families with healthy children completed the scales.Results:Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales distinguished between patients with IBS or FAP compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001), with larger effect sizes (>1.50) for symptoms indicative of IBS or FAP, demonstrating a broad multidimensional gastrointestinal symptom profile and clinical interpretability with MID scores for individual PRO scales. Patients with IBS manifested more symptoms of constipation, gas and bloating, and diarrhea than patients with FAP.Conclusions:Patients with IBS or FAP manifested a broad gastrointestinal symptom profile compared with healthy controls with large differences, indicating the critical need for more effective interventions to bring patient functioning within the range of healthy functioning.
Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Slovenia
Authors: Homan M. , Blagus R. , Jeverica A. Koren , Orel R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectives:The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence, characteristics, therapeutic approach, and response to therapy of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in a pediatric population from Slovenia.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on a cohort of children newly diagnosed as having EoE, ages 0 to 18 years, residing in Slovenia, in the period between 2005 and 2012. For each child presenting symptoms, family and personal history of allergies, blood, skin and patch allergy tests, endoscopic and histological findings, types of therapy, and therapeutic success were recorded.Results:In total, 25 patients of EoE were identified during the study period. The mean annual incidence (per 100,000 children) was 0.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–1.16). The incidences of EoE increased from 0.2 (0.01–1.36), 0.3 (0.01–1.38), and 0.3 (0.01–1.40) in the period 2005–2007, respectively, to 1.8 (0.72–3.76), 1.0 (0.28–2.60), and 1.8 (0.72–3.65) in the period 2010–2012, respectively (P = 0.002). In 9 patients, symptomatic and histological remissions were achieved with specific food elimination diet: in 8 with 6‐food elimination diet and in 1 with an additional budesonide. In majority of patients, budesonide improved only symptoms, but esophageal eosinophilia persisted. Twenty percent of our children had improvement of histology and symptoms of EoE in spite of gradual reintroduction of all food and stopping all medication.Conclusions:The annual incidence of childhood EoE in Slovenia is comparable with the reports from the developed European countries, and it increased by 6‐folds in the last decade.
Effects of Gluten‐Free Diet on Quality of Life and Depression in Children With Celiac Disease
Authors: Simsek Seref , Baysoy Gokhan , Gencoglan Salih , Uluca Unal 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the level of depression and quality of life in children with celiac disease (CD). In addition, it aimed to examine the relations of depression level and life quality with adherence to a gluten‐free diet (GFD).Methods:Twenty‐five children with CD and 25 healthy controls were included. The Depression Scale for Children and the General Purpose Health‐Related Quality of Life Scale for Children were performed on patients before and after receiving recommendations to follow a GFD.Results:No significant differences were found in the depression scores between the patients and the control subjects (P > 0.05). In contrast, total scores and scores of the emotional well‐being subscale of the measure of Quality of Life Scale for Children were significantly lower in patients with CD compared with the control group (P < 0.05). No significant improvements were observed in depression or life quality scores of the total subsample of celiac patients, all of whom received a recommendation to follow a GFD (P > 0.05). Significant decrease was observed in the depression scores, however, of celiac patients who were able to actually adhere to the GFD compared with nonadherent patients.Conclusions:CD negatively affected quality of life in children. Adherence to GFD was associated with reduction in depression symptoms. Improving the adherence of celiac patients to a GFD may have a favorable effect on their depression symptoms.
The Causes of Their Death Appear (Unto Our Shame Perpetual): Why Root Cause Analysis Is Not the Best Model for Error Investigation in Mental Health Services
Authors: Vrklevski Lila Petar , McKechnie Leanne , O'Connor Nick 
Published: March 2015

Objectives
Root cause analysis (RCA) is the model of accident investigation mandated by the New South Wales Ministry of Health in Australia to review all serious incidents. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the RCA model is not suitable for reviewing adverse events in mental health services such as suicides and homicides. The aims of the research were to evaluate the impact of RCA on improving patient outcomes in a regional mental health service in New South Wales, Australia, and to discover whether the RCA model is the most appropriate model in mental health.

Methods
The literature on RCA was reviewed. The effectiveness of implementation of RCA recommendations was evaluated using quantitative and qualitative data.

Results
Suicides and homicides, which constitute 90% of serious critical incidents in mental health, do not always lend themselves well to identification of a root cause. There is evidence for low clinician engagement in the recommendations that arise from RCAs and a poor level of evidence that implementation of RCA recommendations results in safer patient care. Most troubling is the finding that RCAs frequently make recommendations that repeat existing policy or previous recommendations.

Conclusions
Although the RCA model offers a formal and systematic approach to the review of serious critical incidents in mental health, it is not the model of best fit. Only 65% of recommendations made through RCA reviews are implemented within 12 months.
A large-scale circuit mechanism for hierarchical dynamical processing in the primate cortex
Authors: Chaudhuri Rishidev , Knoblauch Kenneth , Gariel Marie-Alice , Kennedy Henry , Wang Xiao-Jing 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe developed a large-scale dynamical model of the macaque neocortex based on recent quantitative connectivity data. A hierarchy of timescales naturally emerges from this system: sensory areas show brief, transient responses to input (appropriate for sensory processing), whereas association areas integrate inputs over time and exhibit persistent activity (suitable for decision-making and working memory). The model displays multiple temporal hierarchies, as evidenced by contrasting responses to visual and somatosensory stimulation. Moreover, slower prefrontal and temporal areas have a disproportionate impact on global brain dynamics. These findings establish for the first time a circuit mechanism for “temporal receptive windows” that are progressively enlarged along the cortical hierarchy, extend the concept of working memory from local to large circuits, and suggest a re-interpretation of functional connectivity measures.Conflict of InterestThe authors declare no competing financial interests.AcknowledgementsWe thank Nikola Markov and John Murray for discussions. This work was supported by ONR grant N00014-13-1-0297 and NIH grant R01MH062349 (X.-J.W.) and by ANR-11-BSV4-501 and LABEX CORTEX (ANR-11-LABX-0042) of Université de Lyon, program “Investissements d’Avenir” (ANR-11-IDEX-0007) operated by the French National Research Agency (H.K.). The connectivity data is available atwww.core-nets.org.
Beyond size – morphological predictors of bite force in a diverse insectivorous bat assemblage from Malaysia
Authors: Senawi Juliana , Schmieder Daniela , Siemers Bjorn , Kingston Tigga 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Bite force is used to investigate feeding performance in a variety of vertebrates. In all taxa studied, bite force is strongly correlated with body and head size. Studies of bite force in bats have largely centred on neotropical species with a particular focus on species that maximize dietary differences. Little is known about the bite force of bats from the Old World tropics, nor of variation in bite force within diverse assemblages of obligate insectivores. Moreover, factors other than size are poorly known but may be important in driving interspecific differences in bite force, and thereby diet.

Here, we examine the correlation between morphological variation and bite force of 35 species of insectivorous bats from a single palaeotropical assemblage. We confirmed the overall relationship between size and bite force across species, but found that bite force is predicted more strongly by head length than body mass or forearm length.

From the combined action of jaw muscles and muscle‐bone mechanisms, bats generate a mechanical advantage that creates pressure during biting. We calculated the size‐independent mechanical advantage for each of five mandible lever systems (three delineated by the temporalis muscle and two delineated by the masseter muscle) operating through three function points (molar, canine and incisor). Size‐independent mechanical advantage of the suprazygomatic portion of the temporalis muscle at the molar function point was the only significant predictor of size‐independent maximum bite force across all species.

Within families, the size‐independent mechanical advantage of the superficial portion of the masseter muscle plays a significant role in predicting size‐independent maximum bite force in both the Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae. For the family Hipposideridae, however, size‐independent mechanical advantage showed no role in predicting size‐independent maximum bite force, suggesting that size really matters in predicting the maximum bite force capacity for this family.