bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic factors relating to diabetes and its management in India
Authors: Shrivastava Usha , Misra Anoop , Gupta Rajeev , Viswanathan Vijay 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDiabetes is an escalating problem in India and has major socioeconomic dimensions. Rapid dietary changes coupled with decreased levels of physical activity have resulted in increases in obesity and diabetes in rural and semi‐urban areas, as well as in urban‐based people living in resettlement colonies. Increasing risk has also been recorded in those who suffered from poor childhood nutrition and in rural‐to‐urban migrants. Social inequity manifests in disparities in socioeconomic status (SES), place of residence, education, gender, and level of awareness and affects prevention, care, and management. All these population subsets have major socioeconomic challenges: low levels of awareness regarding diabetes and prevention, inadequate resources, insufficient allotment of healthcare budgets, and lack of medical reimbursement. Unawareness and delays in seeking medical help lead to complications, resulting in many‐fold increased costs in diabetes care. These costs plunge individuals and households into a vicious cycle of further economic hardship, inadequate management, and premature mortality, resulting in more economic losses. At the societal level, these are massive losses to national productivity and the exchequer. Overall, there is an immediate need to strengthen the healthcare delivery system to generate awareness and for the prevention, early detection, cost‐effective management, and rehabilitation of patients with diabetes, with a focus on people belonging to the lower SES and women (with a particular focus on nutrition before and during pregnancy). Because of an enhanced awareness campaign spearheaded through the National Program on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, Diabetes and Stroke (NCPCDS) initiated by Government of India, it is likely that the level of awareness and early detection of diabetes may increase.
simMSG: an experimental design tool for high‐throughput genotyping of hybrids
Authors: Schumer Molly , Cui Rongfeng , Rosenthal Gil G. , Andolfatto Peter 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHybridization between closely related species, whether naturally occurring or laboratory generated, is a useful tool for mapping the genetic basis of the phenotypic traits that distinguish species. The development of next‐generation sequencing techniques has greatly improved our ability to assign ancestry to hybrid genomes. One such next‐generation sequencing technique, multiplexed shotgun genotyping (or MSG), can be a powerful tool for genotyping hybrids. However, it is difficult a priori to predict the accuracy of MSG in natural hybrids because accuracy depends on ancestry tract length and number of ancestry informative markers. Here, we present a simulator, ‘simMSG’, that will allow researchers to design MSG experiments and show that in many cases MSG can accurately assign ancestry to hundreds of thousands of sites in the genomes of natural hybrids. The simMSG tool can be used to design experiments for diverse applications including QTL mapping, genotyping introgressed lines or admixture mapping.
Development and Implementation of the Clinical Decision Support System for Patients With Cancer and Nurses' Experiences Regarding the System
Authors: Yılmaz Arzu Akman , Ozdemir Leyla 
Published: May 2015

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop and implement the clinical decision support system (CDSS) for oncology nurses in the care of patients with cancer and to explore the nurses' experiences about the system.MethodsThe study was conducted using a mixed‐methods research design with 14 nurses working at a gynecological oncology clinic at a university hospital in Turkey.FindingsThe nurses stated that they did not experience any problems during the implementation of the CDSS, and its usage facilitated the assessment of patients' needs and care management.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the CDSS supported the nurses' decision‐making process about patients' needs and preparation of individual care plans.Practice ImplicationsThe CDSS should be developed and implemented by the nurses working with patients with cancer.AmaçAmaç kanser hastalarının bakımına yönelik klinik karar destek sistemi oluşturmak, uygulamak (KKDS) ve sistemi kullanan hemşirelerin deneyimlerini incelemektir.YöntemÇalışma kalitatif ve kantitatif araştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak Türkiyede'ki bir üniversite hastanesinin jinekolojik onkoloji servisinde çalışan 14 hemşire ile yürütülmüştür.BulgularHemşireler KKDS'ni kullanırken herhangi bir sorun yaşamadıklarını ve sistemin hasta gereksinimlerini değerlendirmeyi ve bakım yönetimini kolaylaştırdığını belirtmişlerdir.SonuçBulgular hastanın gereksinimlerine karar verme sürecinde ve bireysel bakım planları hazırlamada KKDS'nin hemşireleri desteklediğini göstermektedir.Hemşirelik Uygulamalari Için ÖnerilerKanserli hastaların bakımına yönelik KKDS geliştirilebilir ve hemşireler tarafından klinikte kullanılabilir.
The effect of Curcuma longa extracted (curcumin) on the quality of cryopreserved boar semen
Authors: Chanapiwat Panida , Kaeoket Kampon 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of curcumin needed for cryopreservation of boar semen. Semen samples (n = 9) were collected from nine Duroc boars which having proven fertility were used for routine artificial insemination. Semen samples were collected and divided into six groups (groups A‐F) according to various concentrations of curcumin in freezing extender (i.e. 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 mmol/L, respectively). The semen was frozen by traditional liquid nitrogen vapor method and stored at −196°C in the liquid nitrogen tank. After storage, frozen semen samples were thawed at 50°C for 12 s and evaluated for progressive motility, viability and acrosome integrity. The present results indicated that the addition of curcumin at 0.25 (group C) or 0.50 mmol/L curcumin (group D) yielded the higher percentage of progressive motility (33.3 and 36.1%, respectively) (P < 0.001). A significantly higher percentage of acrosome integrity was found in groups B (29.7%), C (31.1%) and D (30.2%) than in the other groups (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in percentage of viability among groups. In conclusion, addition to the freezing extender of curcumin during cryopreservation at a concentration of 0.25 or 0.50 mmol/L is the optimal concentration of curcumin for improving the quality (i.e. increased progressive motility and acrosome integrity) of cryopreserved boar semen.
Effects of a peer competition‐based mobile learning approach on students' affective domain exhibition in social studies courses
Authors: Hwang Gwo‐Jen , Chang Shao‐Chen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOne of the important and challenging objectives of social studies courses is to promote students' affective domain exhibition, including learning interest, positive attitudes and local culture identity. In this paper, a location‐aware mobile learning approach was proposed based on a competition strategy for conducting local cultural activities in the field. During the field trip, the learners were asked to learn in the mobile learning environment by throwing a dice to determine their moves using a tablet computer. Each move was related to a problem‐based learning task associated with the corresponding real‐world target at the specified location. To assess the effects of the peer competition‐based mobile learning approach on students' affective domain exhibition, a quasi‐experimental design was employed to conduct a learning activity in the social studies course of an elementary school. From the experimental results, it was found that the proposed approach significantly improved the students' local culture identity, learning interest, and learning attitudes; moreover, it also decreased their cognitive load when guiding them to learn in the field trip.
Churchill, Manitoba and the Arctic Gateway: a historical contextualization
Authors: Montsion Jean Michel 
Published: May 2015

In 2010, the University of Winnipeg and the Government of Manitoba hosted the Arctic Gateway Summit to discuss the regular use of a commercial shipping line running from Winnipeg to Murmansk, Russia via the Port of Churchill and the waters of Nunavut. In this article, I put this initiative in the historical and spatial context of the town of Churchill to help us understand how the Arctic Gateway represents the town's past and current positioning in Northern transportation and economic development plans. The Arctic Gateway vision echoes various proposals developed since the 1910s for a port on Hudson Bay to become a key link between Western Canada and foreign markets. However, it raises concerns among Churchill's leaders that the town is shifting from being perceived as a Northern Canadian community to becoming an outpost not quite North enough anymore. Based on archival work and interviews, I utilize community reactions to the Arctic Gateway project to examine how Churchill is positioned in the Canadian geography of transport and Northern development, and to reveal the shift that the community has perceived in recent years in terms of investment and public attention being directed to other, more Northern communities.Churchill, Manitoba et la porte d'entrée de l'Arctique : une mise en contexte historiqueRésuméEn 2010, l'Université de Winnipeg et le gouvernement du Manitoba organisaient conjointement le Sommet Arctic Gateway (la porte d'entrée de l'Arctique) afin de se pencher sur l'exploitation courante d'une ligne maritime commerciale reliant Winnipeg et Mourmansk, Russie en passant par le port de Churchill et les eaux du Nunavut. L'objet de cet article est de placer cette initiative dans le contexte historique et spatial de la ville de Churchill afin de mieux comprendre comment l'idée de porte d'entrée de l'Arctique est reprise par cette ville et intégrée dans les plans de transport et de développement économique du Nord, anciens et actuels. Cette idée de porte d'entrée de l'Arctique fait écho à divers projets élaborés depuis les années 1910 misant sur l'ouverture d'un port dans la baie d'Hudson constituant un lien essentiel entre l'Ouest canadien et les marchés étrangers. Elle soulève pourtant des inquiétudes chez les dirigeants de Churchill qui constatent que la perception actuelle qu'on se fait de la ville évolue, allant d'une communauté nordique canadienne à un avant‐poste qui n'est plus situé suffisamment dans le Nord. Un travail d'archives et des entrevues ont été effectués afin de recueillir des réactions de la communauté face au projet de porte d'entrée de l'Arctique. Ils permettent d'explorer la place occupée par Churchill dans la géographie canadienne des transports et du développement du Nord, et de rendre compte du glissement dans la perception de la communauté au cours des dernières années par rapport aux investissements et à l'attention du public qui se dirigent vers des communautés plus nordiques.
Innovations in Practice: Piloting a new child and adolescent risk assessment suite in the UK
Authors: Tiffin Paul A. , Kitchen Charlotte E.W. , Weir Steven 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundA prototype risk assessment suite (FACE‐CARAS) was developed for use within CAMHS and evaluated for acceptability and reliability.MethodClinicians underwent brief training in the system and invited 69 young people to an assessment using the FACE‐CARAS. A second rater produced a separate set of blind ratings for most patients. Clinicians also provided qualitative feedback.ResultsThe component schedules of the FACE‐CARAS could be reliably rated with ‘near perfect’ to ‘moderate’ agreement observed. Internal reliability consistency values, as indexed by Cronbach's alpha, were moderate to high in all cases.ConclusionsThe assessment schedules that make up the FACE‐CARAS can be reliably rated by clinicians with minimal training.
Efficacy of adapalene/benzoyl peroxide combination in moderate inflammatory acne and its impact on patient adherence
Authors: Gollnick Harald P. M. , Funke Gisela , Kors Christian , Titzmann Thomas , Jöstingmeyer Petra , Jäckel Andreas 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBackground and objectivesAdapalene 0.1 %/benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 2.5 % (Epiduo®) is the first, fixed‐dose topical combination gel developed for the once‐daily treatment of acne. The objective of this observational study was to assess efficacy and patient adherence under daily clinical practice conditions in a large population of young adults and adolescents (12 to 20 years) with moderate inflammatory acne.Patients and methodsA total of 2 780 patients receiving adapalene‐BPO were evaluated in this multicenter, open‐label, prospective non‐interventional observational study. Observation time per patient was approximately 12 weeks. Assessment parameters included changes in acne severity, treatment success, safety, and therapeutic adherence.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, the majority of patients (91.5 %) showed improvement of acne under adapalene‐BPO treatment, with an initial therapeutic response noted after a median time of 14 days. Overall, 21.8 % of participants displayed complete resolution of visible acne lesions. Treatment adherence was assessed as good in 63.2 % of patients. The majority of individuals (69.5 %) experienced no or only mild local skin irritations. No serious adverse drug reactions (ADR) were reported during the course of the study.ConclusionsAdapalene‐BPO is effective and safe in the treatment of moderate inflammatory acne. The fixed‐dose combination and easy application simplifies the therapeutic regimen, leading to good treatment adherence in the majority of patients.
The Village that Turned to Gold: A Parable of Philanthrocapitalism
Authors: Wilson Japhy 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTInternational development is increasingly financed and implemented by a nexus of billionaires and corporate foundations known as ‘philanthrocapitalism’. This article develops a critique of this paradigm, focusing on the case of the Millennium Villages Project (MVP), and its implementation in Bonsaaso, Ghana. The author interprets the MVP as a staging of the neoliberal fantasy of origins — an imagined history of the spontaneous emergence of capitalism in the frugal activities of smallholder farmers. In Bonsaaso, this fantasy has been shattered by the violence of primitive accumulation — the separation of the peasantry from the land through which capitalist social relations are actually established. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Bonsaaso, the author describes how an influx of foreign gold miners has plunged the region into a profound socio‐ecological crisis. Despite producing several internal reports on this crisis, the MVP has failed to respond to it, and has instead sought to restage its fantasy in a new Village in the north of the country. Yet an analysis of its background documents and financial networks demonstrates the complicity of the MVP in the political economy of primitive accumulation underway in Bonsaaso. The case provides a cautionary tale against the promise of a good and pure capitalism.
WHERE ARE THE WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS? BUSINESS OWNERSHIP GROWTH BY GENDER ACROSS THE AMERICAN URBAN LANDSCAPE
Authors: Conroy Tessa , Weiler Stephan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study identifies the determinants of growth for male and female business ownership in a subset of U.S. counties. The results indicate that there are important characteristic and behavioral differences between the male and female populations in each county that affect regional changes in business ownership for each gender. In particular, the education level of males and females as well as the local family structure impact the propensity for firms owned by each gender differently. A Blinder‐Oaxaca type decomposition, a novel approach in the context of regional outcomes, demonstrates that although the effect of characteristic differences is larger, the behavioral differences are key to narrowing the gender disparity in business ownership. (JELL26, R2, R3)
Respiration rate determinations suggest Heterobasidion parviporum subpopulations have potential to adapt to global warming
Authors: Müller M. M. , Hamberg L. , Kuuskeri J. , LaPorta N. , Pavlov I. , Korhonen K. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryTrees are known to have adapted to local climatic conditions, but the adaptation of their pathogenic associates is poorly understood. Heterobasidion parviporum causes root and butt rot in spruce. In this work, the respiration of H. parviporum subpopulations from climatically diverse environments was examined at various temperatures. Isolates were obtained from three areas in Europe (southern Finland, Denmark and northern Italy) and from two locations in Central Siberia (Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk). Respiration rates were measured in gas tight vials at eight temperatures from 0 to 33°C, using spruce saw dust as the sole substrate. Strains from Siberian locations with cold winters had higher activity at low temperatures (2–15°C) than strains from European locations with mild winters. Respiration rates of Siberian subpopulations increased more than those of European strains when the temperature rose from 0 to 6°C, but the increase was greater with the European subpopulations when the temperature increased further from 6 to 20°C. Only small differences were found among European as well as Siberian subpopulations. Variation in respiration rates between subpopulations was low compared to variation within subpopulations. Using strains isolated 2–18 years ago and thereafter stored at 5°C, we found lower respiration rates at 20°C in older isolates, independent of geographical origin, suggesting phenotypic plasticity of H. parviporum in regard to responses to temperature. Based on these findings, we propose that subpopulations of H. parviporum have the potential to adapt to global warming.
Role of vitamin C as an adjuvant therapy to different iron chelators in young β‐thalassemia major patients: efficacy and safety in relation to tissue iron overload
Authors: Elalfy Mohsen S. , Saber Maha M. , Adly Amira Abdel Moneam , Ismail Eman A. , Tarif Mohamed , Ibrahim Fatma , Elalfy Omar M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundVitamin C, as antioxidant, increases the efficacy of deferoxamine (DFO).AimTo investigate the effects of vitamin C as an adjuvant therapy to the three used iron chelators in moderately iron‐overloaded young vitamin C‐deficient patients with β‐thalassemia major (β‐TM) in relation to tissue iron overload.MethodsThis randomized prospective trial that included 180 β‐TM vitamin C‐deficient patients were equally divided into three groups (n = 60) and received DFO, deferiprone (DFP), and deferasirox (DFX). Patients in each group were further randomized either to receive vitamin C supplementation (100 mg daily) or not (n = 30). All patients received vitamin C (group A) or no vitamin C (group B) were followed up for 1 yr with assessment of transfusion index, hemoglobin, iron profile, liver iron concentration (LIC) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2*.ResultsBaseline vitamin C was negatively correlated with transfusion index, serum ferritin (SF), and LIC. After vitamin C therapy, transfusion index, serum iron, SF, transferrin saturation (Tsat), and LIC were significantly decreased in group A patients, while hemoglobin and cardiac MRI T2* were elevated compared with baseline levels or those in group B without vitamin C. The same improvement was found among DFO‐treated patients post‐vitamin C compared with baseline data. DFO‐treated patients had the highest hemoglobin with the lowest iron, SF, and Tsat compared with DFP or DFX subgroups.ConclusionsVitamin C as an adjuvant therapy possibly potentiates the efficacy of DFO more than DFP and DFX in reducing iron burden in the moderately iron‐overloaded vitamin C‐deficient patients with β‐TM, with no adverse events.
Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) growth and temperature indices as indicators of the year–class strength of age‐1 walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the eastern Bering Sea
Authors: Yasumiishi Ellen M. , Criddle Keith R. , Hillgruber Nicola , Mueter Franz J. , Helle John H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEcosystem‐based fisheries management requires the development of physical and biological time series that index ocean productivity for stock assessment and recruitment forecasts for commercially important species. As recruitment in marine fish is related to ocean condition, we developed proxies for ocean conditions based on sea surface temperature (SST) and biometric measurements of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) captured in the walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) fishery in the eastern Bering Sea in three periods (July 16–30, September 1–15 and September 16–30). The main purpose of this paper was to evaluate Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) growth as a possible indicator of ocean conditions that, in turn, may affect age‐1 walleye pollock recruitment. Marine growth rates of Pacific salmon are the result of a complex interplay of physical, biological and population‐based factors that fish experience as they range through oceanic habitats. These growth rates can, therefore, be viewed as indicators of recent ocean productivity. Thus, our hypothesis was that estimated intra‐annual growth in body weight of immature and maturing age‐4 male and female chum salmon may be used as a biological indicator of variations in rearing conditions also experienced by age‐0 walleye pollock; consequently, they may be used to predict the recruitment to age‐1 in walleye pollock. Summer SSTs and chum salmon growth at the end of July and September explained the largest amount of variability in walleye pollock recruitment indicating that physical and biological indices of ocean productivity can index fish recruitment.
Depression in left‐behind elderly in rural China: Prevalence and associated factors
Authors: He Guoping , Xie Jian‐fei , Zhou Jian‐da , Zhong Zhu‐qing , Qin Chun‐xiang , Ding Si‐qing 
Published: May 2015

AimSeveral studies have reported the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the urban population of China, but no study reports the prevalence of depression in rural left‐behind elderly. The present study investigated the prevalence of depression and the associated factors that influence depression in the left‐behind elderly population in a rural area of China.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out. A total of 509 participants were surveyed, and all participants completed the Geriatric Depression Scale (long form). Information on sex, age, education level, living situation, number of chronic diseases, amount of economic support received, frequency of children's visits and physical activity was collected.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms in rural left‐behind elderly was 36.94%. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in women (45.10%) than in men (33.43%). The prevalence of severe depression was 1.96%. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the 71–80 years age group (45.19%) was higher than the 65–70 years (37.44%) and >80 years age groups (5.97%). However, the prevalence of moderate and severe depression was higher in the 65–70 years age group (3.95%) than in other age groups. The frequency of children's visits, living situation, physical activity, number of chronic diseases and education level were the main risk factors of depression.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms is higher in left‐behind elderly in rural areas than in the general elderly population. Psychological intervention is necessary for improving the mental health of elderly people living in rural areas of China. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 638–643.