bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are variations of direct and indirect plant interactions along a climatic gradient dependent on species’ strategies? An experiment on tree seedlings
Authors: Defossez Emmanuel , Courbaud Benoît , Lasbouygues Olivier , Schiffers Katja , Kunstler Georges 
Published: August 2015

Investigating how interactions among plants depend on environmental conditions is key to understand and predict plant communities’ response to climate change. However, while many studies have shown how direct interactions change along climatic gradients, indirect interactions have received far less attention. In this study, we aim at contributing to a more complete understanding of how biotic interactions are modulated by climatic conditions. We investigated both direct and indirect effects of adult tree canopy and ground vegetation on seedling growth and survival in five tree species in the French Alps. To explore the effect of environmental conditions, the experiment was carried out at 10 sites along a climatic gradient closely related to temperature.While seedling growth was little affected by direct and indirect interactions, seedling survival showed significant patterns across multiple species. Ground vegetation had a strong direct competitive effect on seedling survival under warmer conditions. This effect decreased or shifted to facilitation at lower temperatures. While the confidence intervals were wider for the effect of adult canopy, it displayed the same pattern. The monitoring of micro‐environmental conditions revealed that competition by ground vegetation in warmer sites could be related to reduced water availability; and weak facilitation by adult canopy in colder sites to protection against frost. For a cold‐intolerant and shade‐tolerant species (Fagus sylvatica), adult canopy indirectly facilitated seedling survival by suppressing ground vegetation at high temperature sites. The other more cold tolerant species did not show this indirect effect (Pinus uncinata, Larix decidua and Abies alba).Our results support the widely observed pattern of stronger direct competition in more productive climates. However, for shade tolerant species, the effect of direct competition may be buffered by tree canopies reducing the competition of ground vegetation, resulting in an opposite trend for indirect interactions across the climatic gradient.
Safety and Tolerability of Biphasic Immediate‐Release/Extended‐Release Oxycodone/Acetaminophen Tablets: Analysis of 11 Clinical Trials
Authors: Barrett Thomas , Kostenbader Kenneth , Nalamachu Srinivas , Giuliani Michael , Young Jim L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize the safety of immediate‐release (IR)/extended‐release (ER) oxycodone (OC)/acetaminophen (APAP).MethodsData were assessed from 9 phase 1 trials in healthy volunteers and recreational users of prescription opioids (N = 405), including 5 single‐dose and 3 multidose open‐label pharmacokinetic studies of IR/ER OC/APAP and active comparators; and 1 randomized, controlled, single‐dose human abuse potential (HAP) study comparing IR/ER OC/APAP, IR OC/APAP, and placebo in recreational users of opioids; and 2 phase 3 trials (N = 701) including a 48‐hour placebo‐controlled safety and efficacy study in patients with moderate to severe postbunionectomy pain with a 14‐day open‐label safety extension and a long‐term (≤ 35 days) open‐label safety study in patients with chronic osteoarthritis pain or chronic low back pain.ResultsAdverse events (AEs) experienced by ≥ 10% of participants receiving IR/ER OC/APAP in all trials were pruritus, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, and somnolence; these AEs occurred with similar frequency for equianalgesic doses of IR OC/APAP and IR OC but less frequently for IR tramadol HCl/APAP. In the HAP study, crushing IR/ER or IR OC/APAP tablets did not increase frequency of AEs. Constipation was experienced by < 10% of participants receiving IR/ER OC/APAP. No serious (SAE) or severe AEs were reported in phase 1 trials. In phase 3 trials of 8 reported SAEs, only 1 treatment‐related SAE (hypersensitivity to placebo) required treatment discontinuation. No clinically meaningful changes in vital signs, oxygen saturation, electrocardiograms, or laboratory values were reported.ConclusionsSafety and tolerability of IR/ER OC/APAP are similar to other low‐dose opioid/APAP analgesics.
Elm leaves ‘warned’ by insect egg deposition reduce survival of hatching larvae by a shift in their quantitative leaf metabolite pattern
Authors: Austel Nadine , Eilers Elisabeth J. , Meiners Torsten , Hilker Monika 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPlants may take insect eggs on their leaves as a warning of future herbivory and intensify their defence against feeding larvae. Responsible agents are, however, largely unknown, and little knowledge is available on this phenomenon in perennial plants. We investigated how egg deposition affects the anti‐herbivore defence of elm against the multivoltine elm leaf beetle. Prior egg deposition caused changes in the quality of feeding‐damaged leaves that resulted in increased larval mortality and reduced reproductive capacity of the herbivore by harming especially female larvae. Chemical analyses of primary and secondary leaf metabolites in feeding‐damaged, egg‐free (F) and feeding‐damaged, egg‐deposited (EF)‐leaves revealed only small differences in concentrations when comparing metabolites singly. However, a pattern‐focused analysis showed clearly separable patterns of (F) and (EF)‐leaves because of concentration differences in especially nitrogen and phenolics, of which robinin was consumed in greater amounts by larvae on (EF) than on (F)‐leaves. Our study shows that insect egg deposition mediates a shift in the quantitative nutritional pattern of feeding‐damaged leaves, and thus might limit the herbivore's population growth by reducing the number of especially female herbivores. This may be a strategy that pays off in a long run particularly in perennial plants against multivoltine herbivores.
Ca2+‐regulated and diurnal rhythm‐regulated Na+/Ca2+ exchanger AtNCL affects flowering time and auxin signalling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Penghui , Zhang Gaoyang , Gonzales Naomi , Guo Yingqing , Hu Honghong , Park Sunghun , Zhao Jian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCalcium (Ca2+) is vital for plant growth, development, hormone response and adaptation to environmental stresses, yet the mechanisms regulating plant cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis are not fully understood. Here, we characterize an Arabidopsis Ca2+‐regulated Na+/Ca2+ exchanger AtNCL that regulates Ca2+ and multiple physiological processes. AtNCL was localized to the tonoplast in yeast and plant cells. AtNCL appeared to mediate sodium (Na+) vacuolar sequestration and meanwhile Ca2+ release. The EF‐hand domains within AtNCL regulated Ca2+ binding and transport of Ca2+ and Na+. Plants with diminished AtNCL expression were more tolerant to high CaCl2 but more sensitive to both NaCl and auxin; heightened expression of AtNCL rendered plants more sensitive to CaCl2 but tolerant to NaCl. AtNCL expression appeared to be regulated by the diurnal rhythm and suppressed by auxin. DR5::GUS expression and root responses to auxin were altered in AtNCL mutants. The auxin‐induced suppression of AtNCL was attenuated in SLR/IAA14 and ARF6/8 mutants. The mutants with altered AtNCL expression also altered flowering time and FT and CO expression; FT may mediate AtNCL‐regulated flowering time change. Therefore, AtNCL is a vacuolar Ca2+‐regulated Na+/Ca2+ exchanger that regulates auxin responses and flowering time.
Integrated multi‐omics analysis supports role of lysophosphatidylcholine and related glycerophospholipids in theLotus japonicus–Glomus intraradicesmycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Vijayakumar Vinod , Liebisch Gerhard , Buer Benjamin , Xue Li , Gerlach Nina , Blau Samira , Schmitz Jessica , Bucher Marcel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInteraction of plant roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a complex trait resulting in cooperative interactions among the two symbionts including bidirectional exchange of resources. To study arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) trait variation in the model plantLotus japonicus, we performed an integrated multi‐omics analysis with a focus on plant and fungal phospholipid (PL) metabolism and biological significance of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Our results support the role of LPC as a bioactive compound eliciting cellular and molecular response mechanisms inLotus. Evidence is provided for large interspecific chemical diversity of LPC species among mycorrhizae with related AMF species. Lipid, gene expression and elemental profiling emphasize theLotus–Glomus intraradicesinteraction as distinct from other arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interactions. InG. intraradices, genes involved in fatty acid (FA) elongation and biosynthesis of unsaturated FAs were enhanced, while inLotus, FA synthesis genes were up‐regulated during AMS. Furthermore, FAS protein localization to mitochondria suggests FA biosynthesis and elongation may also occur in AMF. Our results suggest the existence of interspecific partitioning of PL resources for generation of LPC and novel candidate bioactive PLs in theLotus–G. intraradicessymbiosis. Moreover, the data advocate research with phylogenetically diverse Glomeromycota species for a broader understanding of the molecular underpinnings of AMS.
Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and current practice of daily oral hygiene care to patients on acute aged care wards in two Australian hospitals
Authors: Gibney J. , Wright C. , Sharma A. , Naganathan V. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to identify nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and current practice in relation to oral hygiene (OH) by means of a questionnaire. It was conducted on the aged care wards of two acute tertiary referral hospitals in New South Wales, Australia.We found that 74% of nurses have a set OH practice. Fifty‐four percent of nurses learn their OH practice at university or TAFE. The main nurse qualification is a registered nurse (72%). Denture cleaning, toothbrushing, and swabbing the mouth with a toothette are the main OH practices. Nurses (99%) considered OH to be important. The main barriers to conducting OH practices were patient behaviors, lack of time and staff, and patient physical difficulties.Nurses considered OH important however patient behaviors impact on their ability to undertake the task. Education institutions and hospitals should consider the joint development of a formal OH procedure and training package that can be used on acute geriatric care wards.
Recognition of strong seasonality and climatic cyclicity in an ancient, fluvially dominated, tidally influenced point bar: Middle McMurray Formation, Lower Steepbank River, north‐eastern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Jablonski Bryce V. J. , Dalrymple Robert W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInclined heterolithic stratification in the Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation, exposed along the Steepbank River in north‐eastern Alberta, Canada, accumulated on point bars of a 30 to 40 m deep continental‐scale river in the fluvial–marine transition. This inclined heterolithic stratification consists of two alternating lithologies, sand and fine‐grained beds. Sand beds were deposited rapidly by unidirectional currents and contain little or no bioturbation. Fine‐grained beds contain rare tidal structures, and are intensely bioturbated by low‐diversity ichnofossil assemblages. The alternations between the sand and fine‐grained beds are probably caused by strong variations in fluvial discharge; that are believed to be seasonal (probably annual) in duration. The sand beds accumulated during river floods, under fluvially dominated conditions when the water was fresh, whereas the fine‐grained beds accumulated during the late stages of the river flood and deposition continued under tidally influenced brackish‐water conditions during times of low‐river flow (i.e. the interflood periods). These changes reflect the annual migration in the positions of the tidal and salinity limits within the fluvial–marine transition that result from changes in river discharge. Sand and fine‐grained beds are cyclically organized in the studied outcrops forming metre‐scale cycles. A single metre‐scale cycle is defined by a sharp base, an upward decrease in sand‐bed thickness and upward increases in the preservation of fine‐grained beds and the intensity of bioturbation. Metre‐scale cycles are interpreted to be the product of a longer term (decadal) cyclicity in fluvial discharge, probably caused by fluctuations in ocean or solar dynamics. The volumetric dominance of river‐flood deposits within the succession suggests that accumulation occurred in a relatively landward position within the fluvial–marine transition. This study shows that careful observation can reveal much about the interplay of processes within the fluvial–marine transition, which in turn provides a powerful tool for determining the palaeo‐environmental location of a deposit within the fluvial–marine transition.
Full‐length de novo assembly of RNA‐seq data in pea (Pisum sativum L.) provides a gene expression atlas and gives insights into root nodulation in this species
Authors: Alves‐Carvalho Susete , Aubert Grégoire , Carrère Sébastien , Cruaud Corinne , Brochot Anne‐Lise , Jacquin Françoise , Klein Anthony , Martin Chantal , Boucherot Karen , Kreplak Jonathan , da Silva Corinne , Moreau Sandra , Gamas Pascal , Wincker Patrick , Gouzy Jérôme , Burstin Judith 
Published: August 2015

SummaryNext‐generation sequencing technologies allow an almost exhaustive survey of the transcriptome, even in species with no available genome sequence. To produce a Unigene set representing most of the expressed genes of pea, 20 cDNA libraries produced from various plant tissues harvested at various developmental stages from plants grown under contrasting nitrogen conditions were sequenced. Around one billion reads and 100 Gb of sequence were de novo assembled. Following several steps of redundancy reduction, 46 099 contigs with N50 length of 1667 nt were identified. These constitute the ‘Caméor’ Unigene set. The high depth of sequencing allowed identification of rare transcripts and detected expression for approximately 80% of contigs in each library. The Unigene set is now available online (http://bios.dijon.inra.fr/FATAL/cgi/pscam.cgi), allowing (i) searches for pea orthologs of candidate genes based on gene sequences from other species, or based on annotation, (ii) determination of transcript expression patterns using various metrics, (iii) identification of uncharacterized genes with interesting patterns of expression, and (iv) comparison of gene ontology pathways between tissues. This resource has allowed identification of the pea orthologs of major nodulation genes characterized in recent years in model species, as a major step towards deciphering unresolved pea nodulation phenotypes. In addition to a remarkable conservation of the early transcriptome nodulation apparatus between pea and Medicago truncatula, some specific features were highlighted. The resource provides a reference for the pea exome, and will facilitate transcriptome and proteome approaches as well as SNP discovery in pea.
Heat‐shock protein expression in canine corneal wound healing
Authors: Peterson Cornelia W. M. , Carter Renee T. , Bentley Ellison , Murphy Christopher J. , Chandler Heather L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveHeat‐shock proteins, particularly the 70‐kDa member (Hsp70), have been implicated in facilitating wound healing in multiple tissues. Expression and localization of three HSPs were assessed in normal and wounded canine corneas to elucidate a role in epithelial healing.MethodsParaffin‐embedded normal corneas, acute and repeatedly abraded corneas, and keratectomies of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs) were subjected to routine immunohistochemistry for Hsp27, 47, and 70 expression. Ex vivo corneal defects were created and treated with anti‐HSPs or IgG controls, and wound healing was monitored. Primary cultures of canine corneal stromal fibroblasts and corneal epithelial cells were treated with exogenous Hsp70, and an artificial wound was created in vitro to monitor restoration of the monolayer.ResultsNormal canine corneas exhibited constitutive expression of all HSPs evaluated. Inducible expression was demonstrated in acutely wounded tissues, and expression in the chronically abraded corneas was relocalized. All HSP expression was below the limits of detection in the epithelium of SCCED samples. Inhibition of HSPs in culture resulted in delayed wound healing when compared to controls. Hsp70‐treated fibroblasts demonstrated significantly (P < 0.001) increased migration and proliferation compared to the vehicle control; however, there was no significant effect of exogenous Hsp70 on corneal epithelial cells.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that HSPs are induced in the normal canine cornea during re‐epithelialization. Hsp70 expression is likely important for inducing the cytoarchitectural remodeling, migration, and proliferation necessary early in the canine corneal healing response, and suppressed expression may contribute to the pathophysiology of nonhealing defects.
Blindness in a wild American black bear cub (Ursus americanus)
Authors: Dombrowski Elizabeth , McGregor Glenna F. , Bauer Bianca S. , Parker Dennilyn , Grahn Bruce H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn approximately six‐month‐old wild American black bear (Ursus americanus) was found wandering in Saskatchewan and was presented to the Veterinary Medical Centre of the Western College of Veterinary Medicine for apparent blindness. Clinical examination confirmed an inability to navigate a photopic maze, bilateral tapetal hyper‐reflectivity, fundi devoid of retinal vessels, and small pale optic nerve papillae. Single‐flash electroretinography revealed A and B‐wave amplitudes of approximately 40 and 140 microvolts, respectively, in both eyes. Histologic abnormalities included bilateral optic papillary mineralization and bilateral segmental optic nerve degeneration, with occasional intralesional lymphocytes confirmed with immunohistochemistry for CD3+. There was also bilateral multifocal retinal dysplasia, gliosis, lymphocytic retinitis, a complete lack of retinal blood vessels, an intravitreal vascular membrane, and a mild lymphocytic–plasmacytic uveitis with small pre‐iridal cellular membranes. The presence of a positive ERG in a blind bear with numerous retinal ganglion cells and degenerative changes in the optic nerve are most consistent with vision loss due to optic nerve injury, which given the young age of the bear likely occurred during ocular development. The presence of ocular inflammation suggests this injury resulted from an inflammatory/infectious process. The etiology could not be determined. Hepatic concentrations of vitamin A were within the normal reference range for domestic species. Pan‐herpesvirus PCR and immunohistochemistry for canine distemper virus and Toxoplasma gondii were negative, although this does not rule out these or other infectious etiologies. This represents the first case report of neonatal or congenital ocular abnormalities in an ursid species.
Leiomyoma of the third eyelid in a dog
Authors: Mathes Rachel L. , Noble Sarah J. , Ellis Angela E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA 14‐year‐old neutered male Dachshund presented for the evaluation of oculus dexter (OD) third eyelid elevation ongoing for approximately 2 months. Complete ophthalmic examination revealed a large, nonpainful, well‐demarcated, soft mass at the base of the right third eyelid causing elevation and mild hyperemia. The mass was freely moveable with the third eyelid, and no right globe deviation was noted. No other abnormalities were noted on physical examination, routine blood chemistry, complete blood count, serum T4, urinalysis, or urine cortisol/creatinine ratio. Ocular B‐mode ultrasonography showed an anechoic, well‐demarcated, homogenous, soft tissue mass at the base of the third eyelid with no orbital extension. A leiomyoma was diagnosed after multiple punch biopsies were obtained from the palpebral surface of the mass. The right third eyelid was excised surgically. Histopathology confirmed a completely excised, nodular, unencapsulated, expansile mass within the third eyelid. Positive smooth muscle actin and negative S‐100 immunohistochemistry confirmed a leiomyoma. Bundles of normal smooth muscle were also present adjacent to the mass. The mass was compressing the adjacent lacrimal gland and associated with moderate dacryoadenitis. Twelve months postoperatively, the right globe position and motility remain normal with no evidence of mass regrowth. To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case of a leiomyoma of the third eyelid in any species. In this case, the mass was completely excised and no regrowth has occurred twelve months after surgery. This case along with independently reviewed canine third eyelids clearly demonstrates the presence of smooth muscle within the canine third eyelid.
Medial humeral epicondylitis in clinically affected cats
Authors: Streubel Ronny , Bilzer Thomas , Grest Paula , Damur Daniel , Montavon Pierre M. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical signs and histologic changes in cats clinically affected with medial humeral epicondylitis (MHE) and evaluate long‐term outcome after either conservative or surgical treatment.Study DesignProspective cohort study.AnimalsClient‐owned cats (n = 17) with MHE.MethodsCats diagnosed with MHE, based on clinical signs, radiographs and computed tomography (CT), were prospectively recruited. Cats were treated conservatively for an initial 4 weeks, followed by either surgery or continued conservative treatment. Followup examinations were performed at 6 and 12 weeks and at 6–49 months.ResultsCats had a mean age of 10.3 years and presented for chronic lameness. Examination revealed pain on palpation caudodistal to the medial epicondyle and by exerting antebrachial supination/pronation with elbow and carpal flexion. Lameness was restricted to 1 limb although CT revealed bilateral disease in 11/17 cats. Free mineralized joint bodies were identified in 9/17 cats. Nine cats were treated surgically and 8 cats were treated conservatively. Intraoperative findings included new bone formation at the origin of the humeral head of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle with displacement and adhesions of the ulnar nerve. Microscopic examination revealed neurogenic myopathy in 4/9 cats treated surgically. Seven of 9 cats treated surgically were free from lameness by 12 weeks. Seven of 8 cats treated conservatively were chronically lame throughout the study.ConclusionsCats with forelimb lameness should be evaluated for MHE. This condition is associated with free joint bodies and neurogenic myopathy. Surgical treatment is associated with excellent outcome in the majority of cats.