bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racing performance of Thoroughbreds with superficial digital flexor tendonitis treated with desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon: 332 cases (1989–2003)
Authors: Hu Alaine J. , Bramlage Larry R. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Objective—To assess postoperative probability of racing, career longevity, and convalescent time in Thoroughbred racehorses with moderate to severe superficial digital flexor tendonitis (SDFT) in the forelimbs treated by desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon (ie, superior check ligament desmotomy [SCLD]).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—332 Thoroughbred racehorses with SDFT consecutively treated by means of SCLD.
Procedures—Medical records and racing records were reviewed to assess return to racing, number of races completed, time to first race, and lifetime performance. The horses were categorized as raced or unraced prior to and after surgery. Descriptive statistics including age and treated limb were also recorded.
Results—Of 332 horses, 228 (69%) returned to racing following injury and treatment. Seventy-eight of 118 (66%) horses that had not raced prior to injury and 150 of 214 (70%) horses that had raced prior to injury raced after treatment. Seventeen of 39 (44%) horses ≥ 5 years old raced following injury and treatment and 211 of 293 (72%) horses ≤ 4 years old returned to racing. There was no difference in the percentages of horses returning to racing for 2-, 3-, or 4-year olds. Postoperative infections occurred in 6 of the 332 (2%) horses. Median time to first race for horses that raced after surgery was 302 days (range, 48 to 1,120 days; mean ± SD, 341 ± 153 days), with a median of 8 starts/horse after surgery (range, 1 to 109 starts; mean ± SD, 14 ± 15.8 starts). Of 228 horses that returned to racing, 159 (70%) raced ≥ 5 times after surgery. Sex and treated limb did not have a significant effect on return to racing. However, horses ≥ 5 years old were significantly less likely to return to racing, compared with younger horses. In horses with unilateral SDFT and < 5 starts, the affected and contralateral limbs were both treated, but return to racing was not significantly different between horses treated bilaterally versus unilaterally.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—228 of 332 (69%) horses with SDFT of the forelimb treated with SCLD successfully returned to racing. Convalescent times were shorter, compared with previous recommendations, and treated horses had a longer racing career after surgery than has been described for other treatment modalities. The results of the present study support consideration of SCLD as part of a treatment plan for SDFT in Thoroughbred racehorses.
Associations of health status and conformation with longevity and lifetime competition performance in young Swedish Warmblood riding horses: 8,238 cases (1983–2005)
Authors: Jönsson Lina , Egenvall Agneta , Roepstorff Lars , Näsholm Anna , Dalin Göran , Philipsson Jan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine associations of health status and conformation with competition longevity and lifetime performance in young Swedish Warmblood riding horses.
Design—Cohort study and genetic analysis.
Animals—8,238 horses.
Procedures—Horses were examined for health, conformation, and performance from 1983 to 2005, when they were 4 to 5 years old, and competition results from 1983 to 2012 were evaluated. Associations between conformation, health, and talent scores of young horses and longevity (years in competition) and lifetime performance were analyzed. Odds ratios of competing later in life among horses with joint flexion test reactions were determined. Genetic correlations between young horse health, conformation, and talent scores and longevity and lifetime performance were determined.
Results—Good overall 4- to 5-year-old health, conformation, and talent scores for performance were phenotypically and genetically associated with greater longevity and lifetime performance. Good health was genetically correlated (rg = 0.3) to longevity and lifetime performance. Among conformation traits, body type and movements in the trot were most strongly associated with future longevity; these were genetically correlated (rg = 0.2 to 0.3) to longevity and lifetime performance. Intermediate-sized horses were associated with highest longevity and lifetime performance. Positive flexion test results were associated with lower ORs (OR, 0.59 for moderate to severe and 0.76 for minor reactions) of competing later in life, compared with no reaction, and were associated with lower longevity (0.4 years).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Horses with good health and conformation at a young age had better longevity in competitions than the mean. Positive correlations suggested that improvement of health and conformation of young horses will enhance their future athletic talent and performance.
An integrated GIS-based method for wind-power estimation: application to western Cyprus
Authors: Kastanas Ioannis , Georgiou Andreas , Zavros Panagiotis , Akylas Evangelos 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study presents an integrated method for the estimation and analysis of potential wind-energy resources in Cyprus, which is applied at selected sites on the western side of the island. Firstly, a statistical analysis of wind speed and direction data was conducted at six meteorological stations in western Cyprus, establishing daily, monthly and annual variations of wind speed. Also examined were the Weibull distributions of the wind at each site. These wind statistics serve as the basis for estimating corrected statistical distributions over the extended study areas, which were calculated using the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) that modifies wind flow estimates based on local topographic effects. As a result, a geographic and wind-resource database was formulated around each station. Aggregation of this data using statistical weighting methods allows the extrapolation of observed results and the visualization for selected hours of the day over the western part of Cyprus. The results indicate the strong influence of the sea-breeze on the island’s wind potential, and identify a number of areas of higher wind-energy potential suitable for wind-resource exploitation. It is hoped that both the methodology applied and results obtained can be further used by potential investors and wind-energy developers.
Very long Detection Times after High and repeated intake of Heroin and Methadone, measured in Oral Fluid
Authors: Vindenes V. , Enger A. , Nordal K. , Johansen U. , Christophersen A.S. , Øiestad E.L. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
When detection times for psychoactive drugs in oral fluid are reported, they are most often based on therapeutic doses administered in clinical studies. Repeated ingestions of high doses, as seen after drug abuse, are however likely to cause positive samples for extended time periods. Findings of drugs of abuse in oral fluid might lead to negative sanctions, and the knowledge of detection times of these drugs are important to ensure correct interpretation. The aim of this study was to investigate the detection times of opioids in oral fluid. 25 patients with a history of heavy drug abuse admitted to a detoxification ward were included. Oral fluid and urine were collected daily and, if the patient gave consent, a blood sample was drawn during the first five days after admission. Morphine, codeine and/or 6-monoacetyl morphine (6-MAM) were found in oral fluid and/or urine from 20 patients. The maximum detection times in oral fluid for codeine, morphine and 6-MAM were 1, 3 and 8 days, respectively. Positive oral fluid samples were interspersed with negative samples, mainly for concentrations around cut off. Elimination curves for methadone in oral fluid were found for two subjects, and the detection times were 5 and 8 days. Oral fluid is likely to become a good method for detection of drug abuse in the future
Low-frequency radar sounding of ice in East Antarctica and southern Greenland
Authors: Mouginot J. , Rignot E. , Gim Y. , Kirchner D. , Meur E. Le 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe discuss a decameter-wavelength airborne radar sounder, the Warm Ice Sounding Explorer (WISE), that provides ice thickness in areas where radar signal penetration at higher frequencies is expected to be limited. Here we report results for three campaigns conducted in Greenland (2008, 2009, 2010) and two in Antarctica (2009, 2010). Comparisons with higher-frequency radar data indicate an accuracy of ±55 m for ice-thickness measurements in Greenland and ±25 m in Antarctica. We also estimate ice thickness of the Qassimiut lobe in southwest Greenland, where few ice-thickness measurements have been made, demonstrating that WISE penetrates in strongly scattering environments.
Basal conditions and ice dynamics inferred from radar-derived internal stratigraphy of the northeast Greenland ice stream
Authors: Keisling Benjamin A. , Christianson Knut , Alley Richard B. , Peters Leo E. , Christian John E.M. , Anandakrishnan Sridhar , Riverman Kiya L. , Muto Atsuhiro , Jacobel Robert W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe analyze the internal stratigraphy in radio-echo sounding data of the northeast Greenland ice stream to infer past and present ice dynamics. In the upper reaches of the ice stream, we propose that shear-margin steady-state folds in internal reflecting horizons (IRHs) form due to the influence of ice flow over spatially varying basal lubrication. IRHs are generally lower in the ice stream than outside, likely because of greater basal melting in the ice stream from enhanced geothermal flux and heat of sliding. Strain-rate modeling of IRHs deposited during the Holocene indicates no recent major changes in ice-stream vigor or extent in this region. Downstream of our survey, IRHs are disrupted as the ice flows into a prominent overdeepening. When combined with additional data from other studies, these data suggest that upstream portions of the ice stream are controlled by variations in basal lubrication whereas downstream portions are confined by basal topography.
CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Midlife Daughters and Their Aging Parents
Authors: Green Clarissa P 
Published: May 2014

INTRODUCTION
It is fair to say that the graying of North America is shaping peoples* daily lives in a most profound way. As this century wears on, not only are the elderly becoming mòre vocal and visible, but also the ramifications of the changing demographics are being felt in family life, in the health-care industry, in architecture and city planning, and in social policy, to name a few arenas. Little will be left unaffected by the time the Senior's Boom peaks in 2030, when mere will be more seniors than ever before.
We need not wait until 2030 to pose the question of who will care for the increasing population of seniors; this is already a crucial concern. Although it is unclear who should assume responsibility and how much should be assumed, it is clear who is currently doing much of the work of elder care: the family. Specifically, it is the less frail spouse and midlife children.1·2 But it is not all midlife children; it is the daughter who becomes increasingly involved with her parents as their frailty increases and they need assistance in maintaining their independence in the community.3"5 In fact, it is likely that she is involved in elder care with her husband's parents as well as her own.
Failure to Thrive: A Growing Concern in the Elderly
Authors: Newbern Virginia B 
Published: May 2014

The term "failure to thrive" (FTT) was first used in the Ì890s by Holt (1 894) in describing malnourished infants. It has long been a key concept in the field of early childhood development (Bowlby, 1969; Harlow, 1969; Ribble, 1943; Spitz, 1945) as well as in pediatrics (Fischoff, 1971; Hopwood, 1984; Polit, 1976) and nursing (Durand, 1978; Rhymes, 1966; Suran, Ì975).
The early work on failure to thrive examined the behaviors of irthnh ?p? young children in relation to their environment. Ribble (1943), for example, noted that rejected infants either reacted with negativism or regression, and she labeled this reaction failure to thrive. The most extreme form she coiled marasmus: pronounced lethargy and lack of interest, deterioration of body reflexes, increased pallor, and atonicity.
CONSTIPATION: Proposed Natural Laxative Mixtures
Authors: Beverley Laurie , Travis Ivan 
Published: May 2014

The treatment of constipation in the elderly is one of the most common problems encountered by the geriatric nurse practitioner (Aman, 1990; Brocklehurst, 1983; Shefts, 1984). Management of bowel habits with this age group is difficult often resulting in mismanagement and the need for invasive measures, such as suppositories and enemas. Yet, it is possible bowel habits for these patients might be regulated by maintaining their dietary, dentition, and mobility requirements so that the use of invasive measures as well as associated product costs are minimized.
A review of the literature revealed normal defecation ranges in frequency from three times a day to three times a week (Connel, 1965). As reported by Wright and Staats (1986), however, the "interval between bowel movements generally lengthens in debilitated older people."
ELDERLY CARE Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
Authors: Arato Augusta , Biggs Anna J , Williams Jan 
Published: May 2014

Mr J, 78 years old, will be returning to your adult day health-care program next week following his 2-month recovery from surgery to implant an automatic cardioverter defibrillator to treat the ventricular tachyrhythmia he developed following a myocardial infarction nearly 2 years ago. You wonder what care he will need related to this implanted device.
One of the new admissions in your home health-care agency case load is Ms P, age 67. She is to be dismissed home later this week to complete her recovery from a fractured hip sustained in an automobile accident last month. Her medical history indicates she has had an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) for nearly 4 years, and nurses' notes indicate she is anxious to return to her faculty position in the sociology department of the nearby state college. As you schedule an appointment to meet with her primary care nurse at the local hospital, you wonder what care Ms P will need regarding her AICD.
THE USE OF FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES THEORY IN ACUTELY CONFUSED HOSPITALIZED ELDERLY
Authors: Kozak-Campbell Cindy , Hughes Anna Marie 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Acute confusion is a common complication of hospitalization in the elderly that impacts on both the use of health care resources and the functional status of individuals. Providing optimum nursing care for these patients depends on three factors: 1) the nurse's ability to differentiate acute confusion from other common conditions in the hospitalized elderly, chiefly dementia or depression, 2) the nurse's ability to identify factors contributing to this condition, and 3) the implementation of interventions to minimize the effects of these factors on the patient. This article differentiates the clinical features of acute confusion from those of depression and dementia, and discusses the use of the Functional Consequences Theory, developed by Miller (1990), as a framework for nursing assessment and management of care for elderly patients with this condition. The functional consequences theory framework assists the nurse to identify risk factors associated with the development of acute confusion in the hospitalized elderly. Further it guides the development of interventions to minimize the effects of this condition in this population. The use of this framework in the clinical setting is illustrated through a case study.
COMMUNICATION DIFFICULTIES OF NURSING HOME RESIDENTS: How Can Staff Help?
Authors: Kato Jill , Hickson Louise , Worrall Linda 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Recent studies hove found a high prevalence of communication disorders in elderly residents of nursing homes. This study was undertaken to investigate staff attitudes to me communication problems and communicative needs of residents in their care. A questionnaire was administered to 32 staff members from one nursing home. Responses indicate little evidence of the negative staff attitudes previously reported in the literature. Staff wanted more time to spend communicating with residents and wanted to leam more about the residents' communication problems. Implications of the questionnaire responses for staff training are presented.
SELF-CARE IN NURSING HOME RESIDENTS
Authors: Brubaker Beryl H 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
The investigator observed four residents to explore the nature of selfcare in the nursing home. The three themes identified showed that residents performed self-care and acted assertively but not to their full potential. Timing of care events and whether nurse or resident performed them were unpredictable, and residents demonstrated lack of information about scheduling and other routines. Residents not only frequently waited for events to occur but (also) both nurses and residents provided clues that nurse permission was necessary before proceeding. Residents expressed frustration due to lack of control.
Tai Chi Chih: An Exercise Option for Older Adults
Authors: Schaller Kevin J 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Tai Chi Chih on balance, flexibility, mood, health status, and blood pressure in a sample of community-dwelling elders. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used in the study. Participants were recruited from a senior center located in the suburbs of a large metropolitan area. The experimental group consisted of 24 volunteers over trie age of 55 who performed 60 minutes of Tai Chi Chih once a week for 10 weeks and practiced at home. The control group consisted of 22 volunteers who continued with their current level of activity. Analysis of covariance revealed a significant difference between the two groups on balance (F=4.3, p<.05). This study suggests that Tai Chi Chih is a safe and enjoyable form of exercise that might improve balance in community-dwelling elders.
THE EFFECT OF DIETARY FIBER IN TUBE-FED ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Bass D Jamie , Forman Lawrence P , Abrams Sarah E , Hsueh Andie M 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Diarrhea is a common problem with potentially serious consequences for elderly tube-fed patients. A review of the literature indicates that diarrhea has been associated with the use of antibiotics, low blood albumin concentration, and a lack of fiber in the diet. This study documents the observed effect or dietary fiber on the incidence of diarrhea in 50 tube-fed patients. Over a 3week period, patients who received fiber-containing formula had fewer liquid/loose stools than patients who received fiber-free formula. Nurses who care for elderly, tubefed patients can help to improve outcomes by advocacy and interdisciplinary collaboration with registered dietitians and primary providers and by teaching assistive staff the importance of accurate recording of bowel function.
FORMAL LONG-TERM CARE NETWORKS: Forming a Partnership with Gerontological Nurses
Authors: Travis Shirley S 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Faced with overwhelming demands on their time, physical reserves, and emotional energy, contemporary families are depending more and more on formal networks to help them with their elder care responsibilities. In the past, these interactions worked in a somewhat complimentary fashion with each caregiver having identifiable roles and responsibilities. Now, reforms in health and human services are pushing and pulling families into complex caregiving partnerships. These situations have the very real potential for creating stress, strain, tension and conflict among caregivers, as well as opportunities for thriving partnerships in care.
UNDERSTANDING THE WANDERING PATIENT: A Continuity of Personality Perspective
Authors: Thomas David W 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to study the relationship between personality and wandering behavior among individuals with dementia. Surrogates of 20 wanderers and 20 non-wanderers were administered a demographic and personality questionnaire. The findings, which also included a qualitative follow-up, revealed that wanderers scored significantly higher than non-wanderers on the personality factors of extroversion (p≤.01) and agreeableness (p≤.05). A strong implication of the study, for nurses and other care providers, is that for many people wandering is an expression of one's personality-ingrained over a lifetime of development-rather than solely an expression of dementia.
The Eating Behavior Scale: A SIMPLE METHOD OF ASSESSING FUNCTIONAL ABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Authors: Tully Mary W , Matrakas Katherine Lambros , Muir Joanne , Musallam Kathleen 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Health care providers and family members need practical methods of assessing functional skills of individuals with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). There are neuropsychological tests that identify areas of function and dysfunction in the brain, but discrepancies have been noted between test scores and functional behaviors in activities of daily living (ADLs). The Eating Behavior Scale (EBS) was developed to measure functional ability during meals. A sample of 30 patients with probable AD were observed using the EBS during two meals on two different days. There was a strong negative correlation between meal duration and the EBS score. That is, the lower the EBS score, the longer the time required to complete the meal. Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) scores were positively correlated with EBS scores. Patients with higher MMSE scores and less time since diagnosis tended to have higher EBS scores, indicating greater independence in eating.
HOSPITALIZED ELDERLY
Authors: Ryan Maura C 
Published: May 2014

The Relationship Between Loneliness, Social Support, and Decline in Cognitive Function in the
Abstract: To determine the effects of preexisting levels of loneliness and social support on cognitive decline during hospitalization, 145 elderly subjects 65 to 92 years old without impaired cognition were tested for levels of loneliness, social support, and cognitive status on admission to an acute care hospital. Five days later, cognitive status was again measured in the remaining 86 patients. Loneliness was found to be inversely related to cognitive status on admission. In those with high loneliness scores on admission, cognitive status had improved significantly 5 days later. High social support was correlated with high cognitive status on admission and significant cognitive decline during hospitalization.
Assessment and Managment of SLEEP DISORDERS IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Beck-Little Rebecca , Weinrich Sally P 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Sleep disorders are major syndromes that can interfere with falling to sleep or maintaining sleep, or produce excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep disorders are rarely diagnosed in the elderly due to age-related changes in sleep patterns. Gerontological nurses can assist the elderly client to achieve improved sleep through increased awareness of sleep disorders, related assessment tools, and interventions.