bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten-year trends in HIV prevalence among visitors to public health centers under the National HIV Surveillance System in Korea, 2000 to 2009
Authors: Kee Mee-Kyung , Lee Jin-Hee , Whang Jiyoung , Kim Sung Soon 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Korea saw a sharp increase in HIV diagnosis from 2000. This serious public health concern must be monitored diligently. We identified the characteristics and trends in HIV prevalence among visitors to public health centers (PHCs) from 2000 to 2009.

Methods
We retrieved ten-year data of HIV tests from 253 PHCs. The HIV prevalence was analyzed by gender, age, nationality, region, and reason for HIV testing. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and score test for trend.

Results
HIV prevalence among PHCs’ visitors has rapidly increased for six years since 2000, decreased from 2006, and then remained stable. Approximately 50% of total HIV tests were performed for sexually transmitted infection risk group (STI RG), who were tested 1.4 times within a year. Women and the 20s comprised approximately 70% and 40% of PHCs’ visitors, respectively. The prevalence of voluntary test takers was the highest and showed most rapid increase (P = 0.007), but that of prisoners declined (P = 0.003). The prevalence of STI RG was lower than those of the other groups and remained stable throughout the ten-year period (P = 0.606). Percentage of anonymous tests was 2–3% of a total HIV tests, but overall HIV-positive rate showed a rapid increase (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
As voluntary or anonymous testing groups are actively engaged in learning their status of HIV, these groups showed the highest in HIV infection. Groups in the population with these characteristics should be located and encouraged to be tested, and offered anonymity. This study suggests that it is important to ascertain the characteristics of people choosing to take voluntary testing.
Comparative analysis of hemolymph proteome maps in diapausing and non-diapausing larvae of Sesamia nonagrioides
Authors: Pérez-Hedo Meritxell , Sánchez-López Isabel , Eizaguirre Matilde 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundSesamia nonagrioidesis a noctuid that feeds on maize, sugar cane and sorghum in North Africa and Southern Europe. Larvae reared under long day conditions pupate after 5 or 6 larval instars, whereas larvae reared under short day conditions enter diapause and undergo up to 12 molts before dying or pupating. To better understand the mechanism of larval development and diapause, we identified proteins with different expressions in the sixth instar of diapausing and non-diapausing larvae.ResultsA total of 52 differentially regulated proteins were detected in the hemolymph of the diapausing or non-diapausing larvae at the beginning or end of the sixth instar. From these proteins, 11 were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS or MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS): 5 were upregulated in the hemolymph of non-diapausing larvae and 6 in the hemolymph of the diapausing larvae. Interestingly, some proteins were expressed only in non-diapausing larvae but none was expressed only in the hemolymph of diapausing larvae. The possible functions of some of these proteins related to diapause maintenance or to larval-pupal metamorphosis are discussed.ConclusionsThe 2-DE proteomic map ofS. nonagrioideshemolymph shows differential protein expression in diapausing and non-diapausing larvae. Some proteins that showed higher expression in the diapausing larvae at the end of the sixth instar could be involved in JH level maintenance thus in the diapause status maintenance. On the contrary, other proteins that showed the highest expression or that were expressed only in the non-diapausing larvae could be involved in larval-pupal metamorphosis.
Nuclear domain 10-associated proteins recognize and segregate intranuclear DNA/protein complexes to negate gene expression
Authors: Rivera-Molina Yisel A , Rojas Bruno R , Tang Qiyi 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
DNA viruses, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Simian virus 40 (SV40), and Cytomegaloviruses (CMV), start their replicative processes and transcription at specific nuclear domains known as ND10 (nuclear domain 10, also called PML bodies). It has been previously determined that for HSV-1 and SV40, a short DNA sequence and its binding protein are required and sufficient for cell localization of viral DNA replication and gene transcription.

Results
Our recent observations provide evidence that a foreign (not endogenous) DNA/protein complex in the nucleus recruits ND10 proteins. First, the complexes formed from the bacterial lac operator DNA and its binding protein (lac repressor), or from HPV11 (human papillomavirus 11) origin DNA and its binding protein (E2), co-localized with different ND10 proteins. Second, the HSV-1 amplicon without inserted lac operator DNA repeats distributed in the nucleus randomly, whereas the amplicon with lac operator DNA repeats associated with ND10, suggesting that DNA-binding proteins are required to localize at ND10. The cellular intrinsic DNA/protein complex (as detected for U2 DNA) showed no association with ND10. Furthermore, our examination of PML−/−, Daxx−/−, and Sp100-negative cells led to our discovering that DNA/protein complexes recruit ND10 protein independently. Using the GFP-LacI/Operator system, we were able to direct the transfected DNA to ND10 and found that gene expression was significantly repressed when the transfected DNA was directed to ND10.

Conclusion
Taken together, the results suggest that cells recognize DNA/protein complexes through a mechanism that involves interaction with the ND10-associated proteins.
Biotransformation of oral contraceptive ethynodiol diacetate with microbial and plant cell cultures
Authors: Zafar Salman , Yousuf Sammer , Kayani Hammad A , Saifullah Saifullah , Khan Saifullah , Al-Majid Abdullah M , Choudhary M Iqbal 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundBiotransformation by using microbial and plant cell cultures has been applied effectively for the production of fine chemicals on large scale. Inspired by the wealth of literature available on the biotransformation of steroids, we decided to investigate the biotransformation of ethynodiol diacetate (1) by using plant and microbial cultures.ResultsThe biotransformation of ethynodiol diacetate (1) withCunninghamella elegansand plant cell suspension cultures ofOcimum basilicumandAzadirachta indicais being reported here for the first time. Biotransformation of1withCunninghamella elegansyielded three new hydroxylated compounds, characterized as 17α-ethynylestr-4-en-3β,17β-diacetoxy-6α-ol (2), 17α-ethynylestr-4-en-3β,17β-diacetoxy-6β-ol (3), and 17α-ethynylestr-4-en-3β,17β-diacetoxy-10β-ol (4) and a known metabolite, 17α-ethynyl-17β-acetoxyestr-4-en-3-one (5). The biotransformation of1withOcimum basilicumincluded hydrolysis of the ester group, oxidation of alcohol into ketone, and rearrangement of the hydroxyl group. Thus four major known metabolites were characterized as 17α-ethynyl-17β-acetoxyestr-4-en-3-one (5), 17α-ethynyl-17β-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one (6), 17α-ethynyl-3 β-hydroxy-17β-acetoxyestr-4-ene (7) and 17α-ethynyl-5α,17β-dihydroxyestr-3-ene (8). Biotransformation of1withAzadirachta indicaculture yielded compounds5and6. Spectroscopic data of compound8is being reported for the first time. Structure of compound6was unambiguously deduced through single-crystal x-ray diffraction studies.ConclusionBiotransformation of an oral contraceptive, ethynodiol diacetate (1), by using microbial and plant cell cultures provides an efficient route to the synthesis of a library of new steroids with potential contraceptive properties. These methods can be employed in the production of such compounds with high stereoselectivity.
Personalized approach of medication by indirect anticoagulants tailored to the patient—Russian context: what are the prospects?
Authors: Belozerceva Liliya Alexandrovna , Voronina Elena Nikolaevna , Kokh Natalia Viktorovna , Tsvetovskay Galina Alexandrovna , Momot Andrei Pavlovich , Lifshits Galina Israilevna , Filipenko Maxim Leonidovich , Shevela Andrei Ivanovich , Vlasov Valentin Viktorovich 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Indirect anticoagulants such as warfarin are the ‘gold standard’ for prevention and treatment of thromboembolic complications in patients at risk (in atrial fibrillation of valvular and nonvalvular etiology, the presence of artificial heart valves, orthopedic and trauma interventions, and other pathological conditions). A wide range of doses required to achieve a therapeutic effect indicates the need for a personalized approach to the appointment of warfarin. In addition to the dependence on the patient's clinical characteristics (sex, age, smoking status, diagnosis), there is a clear association between the warfarin dose and the carriage of certain allelic variants of key genes that makes it possible to apply molecular genetic testing for individual dose adjustment. This provides a more rapid target anticoagulant effect and also reduces the risk of bleeding associated with a possible overdose of warfarin. Implementation of this approach will allow more wide and safe application of indirect anticoagulants in Russia for needy patients.
Targeting Androgen Receptor to Suppress Macrophage-induced EMT and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Development
Authors: Lu Tianjing , Lin Wen-Jye , Izumi Kouji , Wang Xiaohai , Xu Defeng , Fang Lei-Ya , Li Lei , Jiang Qi , Jin Jie , Chang Chawnshang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEarly studies suggested macrophages might play roles in inflammation-associated benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) development, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we first showed that CD68+ macrophages were identified in both epithelium and the stromal area of human BPH tissues. We then established an in vitro co-culture model with prostate epithelial and macrophage cell lines to study the potential impacts of infiltrating macrophages in the BPH development and found that co-culturing prostate epithelial cells with macrophages promoted migration of macrophages. In a three-dimensional culture system, the sphere diameter of BPH-1 prostate cells was significantly increased during coculture with THP-1 macrophage cells. Mechanism dissection suggested that expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, such as N-cadherin, Snail, and TGF-β2, were increased, and administration of anti-TGF-β2 neutralizing antibody during co-culture suppressed the EMT and THP-1-mediated growth of BPH-1 cells, suggesting THP-1 might go through EMT to influence the BPH development and progression. Importantly, we found that modulation of androgen receptor (AR) in BPH-1 and mPrE cells significantly increased THP-1 and RAW264.7 cell migration, respectively, and enhanced expression levels of EMT markers, suggesting that AR in prostate epithelial cells might play a role in promoting macrophage-mediated EMT in prostate epithelial cells. Silencing AR function via an AR degradation enhancer, ASC-J9, decreased the macrophage migration to BPH-1 cells and suppressed EMT marker expression. Together, these results provide the first evidence to demonstrate that prostate epithelial AR function is important for macrophage-mediated EMT and proliferation of prostate epithelial cells, which represents a previously unrecognized role of AR in the cross-talk between macrophages and prostate epithelial cells. These results may provide new insights for a new therapeutic approach to battle BPH via targeting AR and AR-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways.
Dopamine-Mediated Autocrine Inhibitory Circuit Regulating Human Insulin Secretion in Vitro
Authors: Simpson Norman , Maffei Antonella , Freeby Matthew , Burroughs Steven , Freyberg Zachary , Javitch Jonathan , Leibel Rudolph L. , Harris Paul E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe describe a negative feedback autocrine regulatory circuit for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in purified human islets in vitro. Using chronoamperometry and in vitro glucose-stimulated insulin secretion measurements, evidence is provided that dopamine (DA), which is loaded into insulin-containing secretory granules by vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 in human β-cells, is released in response to glucose stimulation. DA then acts as a negative regulator of insulin secretion via its action on D2R, which are also expressed on β-cells. We found that antagonism of receptors participating in islet DA signaling generally drive increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. These in vitro observations may represent correlates of the in vivo metabolic changes associated with the use of atypical antipsychotics, such as increased adiposity.
Silicon carbide quantum dots for bioimaging
Authors: Beke David , Szekrényes Zsolt , Pálfi Denes , Róna Gergely , Balogh István , Maák Pal Andor , Katona Gergely , Czigány Zsolt , Kamarás Katalin , Rózsa Balazs , Buday Laszlo , Vértessy Beata , Gali Adam 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Body size, longevity, and growth rate in Lake Pannon melanopsid gastropods and their predecessors
Authors: Geary Dana H. , Hoffmann Erik , Magyar Imre , Freiheit James , Padilla Dianna 
Published: September 2012

We investigate potential microevolutionary mechanisms of phenotypic change in a lineage of brackish-water gastropods from Lake Pannon. The lineage exhibits a threefold increase in body size and a pronounced increase in shell shouldering over a roughly 2.5-Myr interval. We use the stable oxygen isotope profiles of 13 shells to address the question of whether large size is due to more rapid growth or to greater longevity.Results indicate that larger individuals have significantly greater longevity. Growth rates in large snails are comparable to those of their smaller-bodied ancestors.Potentially relevant selective advantages of large size include escape from predators, avoidance of resource competition, and increased fecundity. We argue that the first two advantages may have accrued to larger individuals but are not likely to have driven the trend because selection for them would favor more rapid growth rates. Fecundity selection, on the other hand, is readily envisioned in a stable, predictable environment in which the need for early reproduction is relaxed. The evolution of large body size in Lake Pannon molluscs may be comparable to evolution on many islands, where reduced pressure from competition and predation lead to characteristic changes in body size.
Post–Permo-Triassic terrestrial vertebrate recovery: southwestern United States
Authors: Tarailo David A. , Fastovsky David E. 
Published: September 2012

Recovery of marine biodiversity following the Permo-Triassic extinction is thought to have been delayed relative to other mass extinctions. Terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity is said to have taken as much as 15 Myr longer to recover than the marine. The present study tests, at the scale of an individual fossil community, whether a disparity in biodiversity existed in the American Southwest, between the Moenkopi Formation, containing an early Middle Triassic (Anisian) terrestrial tetrapod fauna, and the Chinle Formation, containing a successor Late Triassic (Norian) tetrapod fauna. Taking Chinle faunal biodiversity to represent full biotic recovery, comparison of taxonomic and guild diversity of faunas from similar depositional and taphonomic environments in these two formations allowed us to assess the possibility of incipient terrestrial recovery of biodiversity in the Anisian.Comparisons were made between the Holbrook Member fauna of the Moenkopi, a unit best characterized as a low-sinuosity medium- to coarse-grained fluvial deposit, and each of four Chinle stratigraphic units, representing fluvial settings from sandy low-sinuosity to muddy high-sinuosity. Three metrics were applied: generic and familial taxonomic diversity and guild diversity; these were compared by rarefaction. Simpson and Shannon diversity metrics augmented the analysis. Units of extraordinary preservation in the Chinle—the so-called blue layers—were removed from the analysis. In all tests the biodiversity of the Holbrook Member fauna is within the variation seen in Chinle faunas.If the results of our study represent global conditions, they suggest that by at least early Anisian time (∼6 Myr after the P/T extinction) biodiversity had reached levels comparable to those seen in the Late Triassic. This potentially brings the terrestrial vertebrate recovery in line with the 4–8 Myr it took for recovery in the marine realm.
“There is nothing to fear:” Pitfalls in the analysis of the risk of extremism in relation to socially excluded areas
Authors: Šotola Jaroslav 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to present action research on the collapsed relations between the Roma minority and the majority population in a single location. The topic of this research emerged as the result of a request from organizations operating in socially deprived areas where the inhabitants anticipated that they might become the target of retaliatory attacks by extremists. Local organizations, along with the police and other institutions, were unable to prevent the resulting spread of panic; the goal of the qualitative research was, therefore, to uncover the mechanism through which panic emerges and spreads, and offer suggestions on how to prevent similar events in the future. The paper presents a reflexive methodology and the initial convictions of the researcher.
Le procès des Huit de Chicago (1969-1970) : déconstruire l'image des ennemis publics
Authors: Debouzy Marianne 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Le procès des « Huit de Chicago » (septembre 1969-février 1970) concerne huit personnes inculpées de « complot » ( conspiracy ), à la suite des émeutes qui ont éclaté à Chicago à l’été 1969 à l’occasion de la Convention démocrate, dans le contexte d’une contestation de plus en plus forte de la guerre menée par les États-Unis au Vietnam. Au cours de ce procès, les avocats William Kunstler et Leonard Weinglass durent mener de front plusieurs batailles. Tout en assumant leur rôle d’experts en droit, attentifs au respect des procédures régulières malgré les abus de pouvoir du juge, ils soulignèrent, avec leurs clients, le caractère politique du procès comme des actions qui avaient justifié les inculpations. Il leur fallait déconstruire l’image de criminels, celle d’ennemis publics, créée et propagée par l’accusation et les medias et du même coup requalifier le procès criminel en procès politique. Ils ancrèrent notamment l’action des accusés dans une tradition de révolte remontant à la fondation des États-Unis. La conception qu’avait W. Kunstler de son rôle en tant qu’ « avocat du mouvement de contestation », sa mise en cause du système judiciaire, étaient loin de faire l’unanimité au sein de la profession. Les avocats menèrent aussi une lutte incessante contre les pratiques douteuses de l’accusation qui allaient à l’encontre des règles les plus fondamentales de l’institution judiciaire (manipulation du jury par exemple). De plusieurs manières, le procès fit évoluer en cours de route la pratique professionnelle des avocats, qui ne furent pas épargnés par les sanctions du juge.
Blood‐Inert Surfaces via Ion‐Pair Anchoring of Zwitterionic Copolymer Brushes in Human Whole Blood
Authors: Chang Yung , Shih Yu‐Ju , Lai Chia‐Jung , Kung Hsiao‐Han , Jiang Shaoyi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA strategy to create blood‐inert surfaces in human whole blood via ion‐pair anchoring of zwitterionic copolymer brushesand a systematic study of how well‐defined chain lengths and well‐controlled surface packing densities of zwitterionic polymers affect blood compatibility are reported. Well‐defined diblock copolymers, poly(11‐mercaptoundecyl sulfonic acid)‐block‐poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSA‐b‐PSBMA) with varying zwitterionic PSBMA or negatively charged PSA lengths, are synthesized via atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). PSA‐b‐PSBMA is grafted onto a surface covered with polycation brushes as a mimic polar/hydrophilic biomaterial surface via ion‐pair anchoring at a range of copolymer concentrations. Protein adsorption from single‐protein solutions, 100% blood serum, and 100% blood plasma onto the surfaces covered with PSA‐b‐PSBMA brushes is evaluated using a surface plasmon resonance sensor. Copolymer brushes containing a high amount of zwitterionic SBMA units are further challenged with human whole blood. Low protein‐fouling surfaces with >90% reduction with respect to uncoated surfaces are achieved with longer PSA blocks and higher concentrations of PSA‐b‐PSBMA copolymers using the ion‐pair anchoring approach. This work provides a platform to achieve the control of various surface parameters and a practical method to create blood‐inert surfaces in whole blood by grafting ionic‐zwitterionic copolymers to charged biomaterials via charge pairing.
Nanocasting of Mesoporous In‐TM (TM = Co, Fe, Mn) Oxides: Towards 3D Diluted‐Oxide Magnetic Semiconductor Architectures
Authors: Pellicer Eva , Cabo Moisés , Rossinyol Emma , Solsona Pau , Suriñach Santiago , Baró Maria Dolors , Sort Jordi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTransition metal (Co, Fe, Mn)‐doped In2O3−y mesoporous oxides are synthesized by nanocasting using mesoporous silica as hard templates. 3D ordered mesoporous replicas are obtained after silica removal in the case of the In‐Co and In‐Fe oxide powders. During the conversion of metal nitrates into the target mixed oxides, Co, Fe, and Mn ions enter the lattice of the In2O3 bixbyite phase via isovalent or heterovalent cation substitution, leading to a reduction in the cell parameter. In turn, non‐negligible amounts of oxygen vacancies are also present, as evidenced from Rietveld refinements of the X‐ray diffraction patterns. In addition to (In1−xTMx)2O3−y, minor amounts of Co3O4, α‐Fe2O3, and MnxOy phases are also detected, which originate from the remaining TM cations not forming part of the bixbyite lattice. The resulting TM‐doped In2O3−y mesoporous materials show a ferromagnetic response at room temperature, superimposed on a paramagnetic background. Conversely, undoped In2O3−y exhibits a mixed diamagnetic‐ferromagnetic behavior with much smaller magnetization. The influence of the oxygen vacancies and the doping elements on the magnetic properties of these materials is discussed. Due to their 3D mesostructural geometrical arrangement and their room‐temperature ferromagnetic behavior, mesoporous oxide‐diluted magnetic semiconductors may become smart materials for the implementation of advanced components in spintronic nanodevices.
Nanostructured Alkaline‐Cation‐Containing δ‐MnO2 for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Boppana Venkata Bharat Ram , Yusuf Seif , Hutchings Gregory S. , Jiao Feng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOxygen evolution from water is one of the key reactions for solar fuel production. Here, two nanostructured K‐containing δ‐MnO2 are synthesized: K‐δ‐MnO2 nanosheets and K‐δ‐MnO2 nanoparticles, both of which exhibit high catalytic activity in visible‐light‐driven water oxidation. The role of alkaline cations in oxygen evolution is first explored by replacing the K+ ions in the δ‐MnO2 structure with H+ ions through proton ion exchange. H‐δ‐MnO2 catalysts with a similar morphology and crystal structure exhibit activities per surface site approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of K‐δ‐MnO2, although both nanostructured H‐δ‐MnO2 catalysts have much larger Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas. Such a low turnover frequency (TOF) per surface Mn atom might be due to the fact that the Ru2+(bpy)3 sensitizer is too large to access the additional surface area created during proton exchange. Also, a prepared Na‐containing δ‐MnO2 material with an identical crystal structure exhibits a TOF similar to that of the K‐containing δ‐MnO2, suggesting that the alkaline cations are not directly involved in catalytic water oxidation, but instead stabilize the layered structure of the δ‐MnO2.