bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying miRNA/mRNA negative regulation pairs in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou Xile , Xu Xiangming , Wang Jinhai , Lin Jianjiang , Chen Wenbin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAlthough considerable progress has been made in the molecular biology of Colorectal cancer (CRC), novel approaches are still required to uncover the detailed molecular mechanism of CRC. We aim to explore the potential negatively regulated miRNA-mRNA pairs and investigate their regulatory roles so as to elaborate the potential roles of the critical proteins in the signaling pathways enriched by the differential target genes of negatively regulated miRNA in CRC. Firstly, the differential miRNA-mRNA pairs were selected, followed by pairs of miRNA and their target genes. The obtained relationships were subjected to do functional enrichment analysis and those enriched in CRC pathways were chose to further construct a protein interaction network. Finally, we analyzed the regulatory roles of these relationships and constructed a regulatory network of negatively regulated miRNA and mRNA relationships. A total of 372 pairs of miRNA-mRNA were found and 108 target genes of miRNA were obtained. Three miRNAs including hsa-mir-23b, hsa-mir-365-1 and hsa-mir-365-2 showed significant influence on prognosis of CRC patients. To conclude, the miRNA/mRNA deregulations pairs identified in this study have high potentials to be further applied in diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
High resolution skin-like sensor capable of sensing and visualizing various sensations and three dimensional shape
Authors: Xu Tianbai , Wang Wenbo , Bian Xiaolei , Wang Xiaoxue , Wang Xiaozhi , Luo J.K. , Dong Shurong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHuman skin contains multiple receptors and is able to sense various stimuli such as temperature, pressure, force, corrosion etc and to feel pains and the shape of objects. The development of skin-like sensors capable of sensing these stimuli is of great importance for various applications such as robots, touch detection, temperature monitoring, strain gauges etc. Great efforts have been made to develop high performance skin-like sensors, but they are far from perfect and much inferior to human skin as most of them can only sense one stimulus with focus on pressure (strain) or temperature and are unable to visualize sensations and shape of objects. Here we report a skin-like sensor which imitates real skin with multiple receptors and a new concept of pain sensation. The sensor with very high resolution not only has multiple sensations for touch, pressure, temperature, but also is able to sense various pains and reproduce the three dimensional shape of an object in contact.
The hormone-bound vitamin D receptor enhances the FBW7-dependent turnover of NF-κB subunits
Authors: Fekrmandi Fatemeh , Wang Tian-Tian , White John H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSignaling by hormonal vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) has attracted increasing interest because of its non-classical actions, particularly its putative anticancer properties and its role in controlling immune system function. Notably, the hormone-bound vitamin D receptor (VDR) suppresses signaling by pro-inflammatory NF-κB transcription factors, although the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. Recently, the VDR was shown to enhance the turnover of the oncogenic transcription factor cMYC mediated by the E3 ligase and tumor suppressor FBW7. As FBW7 also controls the turnover of the p100 (NF-κB2) subunit of the family, we determined whether the 1,25D enhanced FBW7-dependent turnover of NF-κB subunits p100, p105 (NF-κB1) and p65 (RELA). Protein levels of all three subunits declined markedly in the presence of 1,25D in multiple cell lines in the absence of substantial changes in mRNA expression. The VDR coimmunoprecipitated with all three subunits and 1,25D treatment accelerated subunit turnover in cycloheximide-treated cells. Importantly, we observed an association of FBW7 with p105 and p65, as well as p100 and knockdown of FBW7 eliminated 1,25D-dependent subunit turnover. Moreover, expression of NF-κB target genes was elevated in FBW7-depleted cells. These results reveal that 1,25D signaling suppresses NF-κB function by enhancing FBW7-dependent subunit turnover.
A critical role of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and its’ in vivo ligands in radio-resistance
Authors: Gao Fu , Zhang Chaoxiong , Zhou Chuanfeng , Sun Weimin , Liu Xin , Zhang Pei , Han Jiaqi , Xian Linfeng , Bai Dongchen , Liu Hu , Cheng Ying , Li Bailong , Cui Jianguo , Cai Jianming , Liu Cong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe role of Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) in radio-resistance remained largely unknown. TLR2 knockout (TLR2−/−) mice received radiation of 6.5 Gy and then were studied. We found that radiation resulted in more severe mortality and morbidity rates in TLR2−/−mice. The cause of death in TLR2−/−mice may be severe and persistent bone marrow cell loss. Injection of the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4into wild type (WT) mice induced radio-resistance. Myd88−/−mice were more susceptible to radiation. In conclusion, our data indicate that, similar to TLR4, TLR2 plays a critical role in radio-resistance.
Formulation Strategy for the Delivery of Cyclosporine A: Comparison of Two Polymeric Nanospheres
Authors: Goyal Ritu , Macri Lauren , Kohn Joachim 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA wide range of nanoparticles has been explored for the delivery of highly hydrophobic drugs, but very few publications provide comparative data of the performance of different nanoparticles. To address this need, this publication compares poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and nanospheres made from tyrosine-derived tri-block copolymers (termed TyroSpheres) for their respective performance as carriers for cyclosporine A (CSA). Using previously reported data on PLGA, we followed similar experimental protocols to evaluate the in vitro characteristics of TyroSpheres. Although there are some similarities between the two particle systems for the delivery of CSA, such as effective encapsulation and epidermal skin penetration, several differences were notable. First, the methods of preparation were different, i.e., self-assembly and emulsion-diffusion-evaporation process for TyroSpheres and PLGA, respectively. Second, TyroSpheres provided 7-day diffusion-controlled release, whereas PLGA nanoparticles provided >21-day erosion-controlled release. Third, the size of TyroSpheres was measured to be ~60–70 nm irrespective of drug loading, whereas the size of PLGA nanoparticles (~100–250 nm) was dependent on drug loading and the method of preparation. Overall, this publication provides a direct comparison between two different types of nanoparticles and illuminates the respective advantages and disadvantages, using CSA as a model for the release of highly hydrophobic drugs.
Contribution of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to the fouling of ultrafiltration with coagulation pre-treatment
Authors: Yu Wenzheng , Xu Lei , Graham Nigel , Qu Jiuhui 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA coagulation (FeCl3)-ultrafiltration process was used to treat two different raw waters with/without the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticle contaminants. The existence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the raw water was found to increase both irreversible and reversible membrane fouling. The trans-membrane pressure (TMP) increase was similar in the early stages of the membrane runs for both raw waters, while it increased rapidly after about 15 days in the raw water with Fe3O4 nanoparticles, suggesting the involvement of biological effects. Enhanced microbial activity with the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was evident from the measured concentrations of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and fluorescence intensities. It is speculated that Fe3O4 nanoparticles accumulated in the cake layer and increased bacterial growth. Associated with the bacterial growth is the production of EPS which enhances the bonding with and between, the coagulant flocs; EPS together with smaller sizes of the nano-scale primary particles of the Fe3O4-CUF cake layer, led to the formation of a lower porosity, more resilient cake layer and membrane pore blockage.
Elevated β-catenin pathway as a novel target for patients with resistance to EGF receptor targeting drugs
Authors: Nakata Asuka , Yoshida Ryo , Yamaguchi Rui , Yamauchi Mai , Tamada Yoshinori , Fujita Andre , Shimamura Teppei , Imoto Seiya , Higuchi Tomoyuki , Nomura Masaharu , Kimura Tatsuo , Nokihara Hiroshi , Higashiyama Masahiko , Kondoh Kazuya , Nishihara Hiroshi , Tojo Arinobu , Yano Seiji , Miyano Satoru , Gotoh Noriko 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThere is a high death rate of lung cancer patients. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective in some lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutations. However, a significant number of patients show primary and acquire resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Although the Akt kinase is commonly activated due to various resistance mechanisms, the key targets of Akt remain unclear. Here, we show that the Akt-β-catenin pathway may be a common resistance mechanism. We analyzed gene expression profiles of gefitinib-resistant PC9M2 cells that were derived from gefitinib-sensitive lung cancer PC9 cells and do not have known resistance mechanisms including EGFR mutation T790M. We found increased expression of Axin, a β-catenin target gene, increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3, accumulation of β-catenin in the cytoplasm/nucleus in PC9M2 cells. Both knockdown of β-catenin and treatment with a β-catenin inhibitor at least partially restored gefitinib sensitivity to PC9M2 cells. Lung adenocarcinoma tissues derived from gefitinib-resistant patients displayed a tendency to accumulate β-catenin in the cytoplasm. We provide a rationale for combination therapy that includes targeting of the Akt-β-catenin pathway to improve the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs.
Nutrition-dependent phenotypes affect sexual selection in a ladybird
Authors: Xie Jiaqin , De Clercq Patrick , Zhang Yuhong , Wu Hongsheng , Pan Chang , Pang Hong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEnvironmental factors play a crucial role in influencing sexual selection in insects and the evolution of their mating systems. Although it has been reported that sexual selection in insects may change in response to varying environments, the reason for these changes remains poorly understood. Here, we focus on the mate selection process of a ladybird, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, when experiencing low- and high-nutrition diet regimes both in its larval and adult stages. We found that female ladybirds preferred to mate with males reared under high-nutrition diet regimes, regardless of the nutritional conditions they experienced during their own larval stages, indicating that mate choice of female C. montrouzieri is non-random and phenotype-dependent. Such mate choice may depend on visual cues (body or genitalia size) and/or chemical cues (pheromones). Further, females from high-nutrition larval diet regimes produced more eggs than those from low-nutrition larval diet regimes. In addition, diet regimes during adulthood also exerted strong effects on egg production. In summary, our study provides new insight into the mate choice of C. montrouzieri as affected by seasonal changes in resources and suggests that food availability may be a driving force in mate choice.
A highly stable minimally processed plant-derived recombinant acetylcholinesterase for nerve agent detection in adverse conditions
Authors: Rosenberg Yvonne J. , Walker Jeremy , Jiang Xiaoming , Donahue Scott , Robosky Jason , Sack Markus , Lees Jonathan , Urban Lori 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAlthough recent innovations in transient plant systems have enabled gram quantities of proteins in 1–2 weeks, very few have been translated into applications due to technical challenges and high downstream processing costs. Here we report high-level production, using a Nicotiana benthamiana/p19 system, of an engineered recombinant human acetylcholinesterase (rAChE) that is highly stable in a minimally processed leaf extract. Lyophylized clarified extracts withstand prolonged storage at 70 °C and, upon reconstitution, can be used in several devices to detect organophosphate (OP) nerve agents and pesticides on surfaces ranging from 0 °C to 50 °C. The recent use of sarin in Syria highlights the urgent need for nerve agent detection and countermeasures necessary for preparedness and emergency responses. Bypassing cumbersome and expensive downstream processes has enabled us to fully exploit the speed, low cost and scalability of transient production systems resulting in the first successful implementation of plant-produced rAChE into a commercial biotechnology product.
Design of ultra‐wideband capacitive circle absorber
Authors: She Jianjian , Lu Zhanbo , Sun Dan , Quan Yan Xue 
Published: August 2015

A practical capacitive circuit absorber with low ohm resistive sheets is presented, which is constructed by multilayer low ohm resistive sheets, polymethacrylimide foam and polyethylene terephthalate. For convenience of manufacture and practical engineering applications, a unique low ohm rectangular resistive sheet with a rotational symmetry pattern is employed, which is used to replace high ohm square resistive sheets. Based on the design of the low ohm sheet pattern and the absorber configuration, a prototype absorber is fabricated. The measured results show that the reflectivity of the absorber with a total thickness of 17.9 mm is −10 dB in 1.5–18 GHz for normal incidence. The absorber is shown to have the characteristics of low density and high intensity.
VLSI architecture of lossless ECG compression design based on fuzzy decision and optimisation method for wearable devices
Authors: Chen Shih‐Lun , Tuan Min‐Chun , Chi Tsun‐Kuang , Lin Tin‐Lan 
Published: August 2015

A hardware‐oriented lossless electrocardiogram compression algorithm is presented for very large‐scale integration (VLSI) circuit design. To achieve high performance and low complexity, a novel prediction method based on the fuzzy decision and particle swarm optimiser (PSO) was developed. The accuracy of prediction was advanced efficiently by using the PSO algorithm to find the optimal parameters, which provided 64 situations for the fuzzy decision. Moreover, a novel low‐complexity and high‐performance entropy‐coding algorithm based on Huffman coding was developed, which used one limited Huffman coding to encode a main region and five‐region codes to encode the extending regions. The average compression rate of the whole MIT‐BIH Arrhythmia database was up to 2.84 by combing the proposed fuzzy‐based PSO prediction and Huffman region entropy‐coding techniques. The VLSI architecture contained only a 1.9 K gate count and its core area was 5965 μm2 synthesised using a 90 nm CMOS process. It consumed 201 μW when operating at a 200 MHz processing rate. Compared with previous low‐complexity designs, the average compression rate is not only improved by more than 6.4% but also reduced the gate count by at least 8.2%.
Probleme bei der Verwendung von Qualitätsberichtsdaten für die Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Kraska R. , de Cruppe W. , Geraedts M. 
Published: August 2015

Zusammenfassung
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Seit 2005 sind die Krankenhäuser gesetzlich verpflichtet, strukturierte Qualitätsberichte (QB) zu veröffentlichen. Aufgrund der ausführlichen Datengrundlage werden die QB zunehmend in der Gesundheitsversorgungsforschung für Sekundärdatenanalysen verwendet. Bislang wurde nicht thematisiert, dass erhebliche methodische Schwierigkeiten vorliegen, die verzerrte Analyseergebnisse bedingen können. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, die methodischen Probleme bei der Verwendung von QB systematisch aufzulisten und Lösungsstrategien vorzuschlagen.
Methode Den Analysen lagen die QB aus den Jahren 2006–2008–2010–2012 zugrunde, welche mittels eines individuellen Datenlinkages zu einer Datenbank aggregiert wurden. Anschließend erfolgte eine beispielhafte sowohl quer- als auch längsschnittliche Korrelationsanalyse zwischen einem der berichteten Qualitätsindikatoren und der Personalausstattung der Krankenhäuser. Die auftretenden methodischen Probleme wurden qualitativ und quantitativ beschrieben und Lösungswege abgeleitet.
Ergebnisse In den Berichtsjahren gaben 2–15% der Krankenhäuser keinen individuellen QB ab. Bei 2–16% der QB ist nicht erkennbar, ob es sich um einen Verbund- oder Standortbericht handelt. Zudem enthalten 6–66% der Standortberichte fälschlicherweise Daten des Verbundes. 10% der Krankenhäuser ändern im Laufe der Jahre ihre Institutionskennziffer (IK), in 5% der Fälle wird über die Jahre hinweg die gleiche IK-Standort-Kombination für verschiedene Krankenhäuser verwendet. Demnach sind 10–20% der QB über die IK nicht eindeutig verknüpfbar. Als Abhilfe wird unter anderem eine Verknüpfung aller QB über die IK, Adresse und Bettenanzahl vorgeschlagen. Anhand dieser können Verbund- und Standortberichte sowie fehlende Berichterstattungen eindeutig identifiziert und berücksichtigt werden.
Schlussfolgerung Bei Sekundärdatenanalysen mit Qualitätsberichtsdaten ist mit einer inkonsistenten Datengrundlage sowie Schwierigkeiten bei der Datenverknüpfung zu rechnen, die zu Verzerrungen von berechneten Parametern und somit zu einer Verfälschung und Einschränkung der Aussagekraft von Untersuchungsergebnissen führen können. Nur eine eindeutige Identifizierung der berichtenden Krankenhäuser garantiert aussagekräftige Ergebnisse.
Comparison of predicted and actual consequences of missense mutations
Authors: Miosge Lisa A. , Field Matthew A. , Sontani Yovina , Cho Vicky , Johnson Simon , Palkova Anna , Balakishnan Bhavani , Liang Rong , Zhang Yafei , Lyon Stephen , Beutler Bruce , Whittle Belinda , Bertram Edward M. , Enders Anselm , Goodnow Christopher C. , Andrews T. Daniel 
Published: August 2015

SignificanceComputational tools applied to any human genome sequence identify hundreds of genetic variants predicted to disrupt the function of individual proteins as the result of a single codon change. These tools have been trained on disease mutations and common polymorphisms but have yet to be tested against an unbiased spectrum of random mutations arising de novo. Here we perform such a test comparing the predicted and actual effects of de novo mutations in 23 genes with essential functions for normal immunity and all possible mutations in theTP53tumor suppressor gene. These results highlight an important gap in our ability to relate genotype to phenotype in clinical genome sequencing: the inability to differentiate immediately clinically relevant mutations from nearly neutral mutations.
Myocardial Performance Index in Childhood Onset Essential
Hypertension and White Coat Hypertension
Authors: Gupta-Malhotra Monesha , Hamzeh Rabih K. , Poffenbarger Tim , McNiece-Redwine Karen , Hashmi Syed Shahrukh 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
As a global measure of ventricular systolic and diastolic function, the myocardial performance index (MPI) can be an early indicator of hypertensive cardiomyopathy in children with essential hypertension (EH).

METHODS
Children with untreated newly diagnosed EH and white coat hypertension (WCH) by a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), both groups without any identifiable etiology for the hypertension, were enrolled for the study. Echocardiograms and vascular ultrasounds for carotid artery intimal medial thickness were performed on all children prior to therapy. Diastolic function (peak E and A velocities, E / A ratio, isovolumic relaxation time, and deceleration times) and MPI were evaluated by simultaneous transmitral and transaortic spectral Doppler flow velocities. Systolic function was evaluated by shortening fraction and ejection fraction.

RESULTS
A cohort of 66 children (24 with EH, 42 with WCH, males 61%, median age of 13 years, range 10–17 years) were enrolled in the study. The demographic, anthropometric, laboratory tests, vascular ultrasound, and conventional echocardiographic parameters were similar between the 2 groups. There was a very small difference in MPI between the EH and WCH children (0.28 SD: 0.07 vs. 0.31 SD: 0.08, P = 0.045). However, in EH children, MPI increased by 0.14 units for every 10 unit increase in mean ABPM systolic BP (95% confidence interval: 0.03–0.25).

CONCLUSIONS
We found the increasing MPI was associated with increasing 24-hour mean systolic BP in children with EH. Therefore, MPI may have utility as a single, quick, noninvasive method of detection and tracking of subclinical hypertensive heart disease.
Astrocytes Protect against Isoflurane Neurotoxicity by Buffering pro-brain–derived Neurotrophic Factor
Authors: Stary Creed M. , Sun Xiaoyun , Giffard Rona G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAbstract
Using cultured mouse neurons and astroglia, coculture with astrocytes reduced the neurotoxicity of isoflurane by buffering increases in pro-brain–derived neurotrophic factor. Modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling or astrocyte function is a potential approach to prevent anesthetic neurotoxicity.

Background:
Isoflurane induces cell death in neurons undergoing synaptogenesis via increased production of pro-brain–derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) and activation of postsynaptic p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Astrocytes express p75NTR, but their role in neuronal p75NTR-mediated cell death remains unclear. The authors investigated whether astrocytes have the capacity to buffer increases in proBDNF and protect against isoflurane/p75NTR neurotoxicity.

Methods:
Cell death was assessed in day in vitro (DIV) 7 mouse primary neuronal cultures alone or in co-culture with age-matched or DIV 21 astrocytes with propidium iodide 24 h after 1 h exposure to 2% isoflurane or recombinant proBDNF. Astrocyte-targeted knockdown of p75NTR in co-culture was achieved with small-interfering RNA and astrocyte-specific transfection reagent and verified with immunofluorescence microscopy. proBDNF levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Each experiment used six to eight replicate cultures/condition and was repeated at least three times.

Results:
Exposure to isoflurane significantly (P < 0.05) increased neuronal cell death in primary neuronal cultures (1.5 ± 0.7 fold, mean ± SD) but not in co-culture with DIV 7 (1.0 ± 0.5 fold) or DIV 21 astrocytes (1.2 ± 1.2 fold). Exogenous proBDNF dose dependently induced neuronal cell death in both primary neuronal and co-cultures, an effect enhanced by astrocyte p75NTR inhibition. Astrocyte-targeted p75NTR knockdown in co-cultures increased media proBDNF (1.2 ± 0.1 fold) and augmented isoflurane-induced neuronal cell death (3.8 ± 3.1 fold).

Conclusions:
The presence of astrocytes provides protection to growing neurons by buffering increased levels of proBDNF induced by isoflurane. These findings may hold clinical significance for the neonatal and injured brain where increased levels of proBDNF impair neurogenesis.