bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient hyperlipidemia in a litter of kittens
Authors: Blackstock Kelly J. , Schoeffler Gretchen , Wakshlag Joseph J. , Diep Anh N. , Bauer John E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe an entire litter of kittens with severe hyperlipidemia and subsequent successful, low‐cost treatment that included high protein enteral support and parasite control. Previous case studies of similarly affected kittens have focused on a genetic etiology and on advanced interventions. The role of negative energy balance and additional factors influencing hyperlipidemia, as well as treatment and prognosis are discussed.Case SummaryThree of 6 kittens died or were euthanized due to severe clinical signs attributable to multiorgan failure associated with subacute hyperlipidemia. The remaining 3 kittens, although subclinical, were found to have similar biochemical abnormalities, including severe anemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Flea treatment and weaning with assisted enteral support prevented the worsening of clinical signs and returned biochemical parameters to within reference intervals.Unique Information ProvidedTransient hyperlipidemia in kittens has been previously reported and successfully treated with administration of oxygen, blood transfusion, and diet change; these treatment recommendations may not always be financially feasible, resulting in euthanasia of affected kittens. In contrast, this report describes a successful, low‐cost, outpatient approach of flea control, weaning, and introduction of a high protein enteral diet. It also highlights the importance of screening and treating seemingly unaffected littermates, provides new, previously unreported biochemical and histopathology findings, and proposes that negative energy balance is a significant factor in the development of transient hyperlipidemia in kittens.
Exogenous L‐lactate clearance in adult horses
Authors: De Pedro Pedro , Wilkins Pamela A. , McMichael Maureen A. , Dirikolu Levent , Lascola Kara M. , Clark‐Price Stuart C. , Boston Raymond C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine endogenous production of L‐lactate and the clearance of exogenous sodium L‐lactate (ExLC) in healthy adult horses.DesignA sodium L‐lactate solution (1 mmol/kg body weight qs to 500 mL final volume in 0.9% NaCl) was adminstered IV over 15 minutes. Blood samples for L‐lactate concentration [LAC] measurement were collected immediately prior to infusion, at 5, 10, and 15 minutes during infusion and at 1 minute intervals for 15 minutes, at 30, 45, 60, 120, and 180 minutes postinfusion. Disposition modeling and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using proprietary software.SettingUniversity Teaching Hospital.AnimalsSix clinically healthy adult horses.Measurements and Main ResultsMedian (range) baseline [LAC] was 0.43 (0.20–0.72) mmol/L for samples obtained every 3 hours over the 24 hours prior to ExLC and demonstrated variability primarily associated with horse. Median [LAC] immediately prior to ExLC was 0.43 (0.35–0.52) mmol/L. A 2‐compartment model was used to specify the pharmacokinetic parameters. Median (range) ExLC was 1.05 (0.073–1.75) L·h−1·kg−1 and t1/2 β was 29.54 (20.8–38.6) min. Median lactate production based on basal [LAC] immediately prior to ExLC was was 0.49 (0.31–0.93) mmol·h−1·kg−1.ConclusionsExLC in healthy adult horses is greater than that of hyperlactemic human patients but similar to normolactemic‐sick human patients examined using the same model, supporting development of species, and disease specific ExLC parameters.
Plasma lactate measurements in healthy cats
Authors: Redavid Lesleigh A. , Sharp Claire R. , Mitchell Mark A. , Beckel Nicole F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe primary objective was to determine if venous plasma lactate is affected by struggling during venipuncture in clinically normal, healthy cats. Additional objectives were to evaluate the effects of venipuncture site, age, sex, and time (0–24 h) on plasma lactate concentrations in healthy cats.DesignProspective clinical study.SettingPrivate veterinary referral center.AnimalsTwenty‐one healthy, privately owned, sexually altered, adult cats.InterventionsBlood was collected via jugular or medial saphenous venipuncture at the time of study entry and at 6 and 24 hours later.Measurements and Main ResultsIn healthy cats, there were no significant differences in lactate concentrations statified by degree of struggling at time 0 (P= 0.33), time 6 (P= 0.23), or at time 24 (P= 0.41), venipuncture site (P= 0.58), age (P= 0.62), sex (P= 0.06), or time (P= 0.13). Most cats had mild to moderate struggling scores. Venous plasma lactate concentrations for this group of healthy adult cats had a mean of 1.63 mmol/L; 95% CI: 1.34–1.92,SD: 0.62, and a minimum‐maximum range of 0.37‐2.81 mmol/L.ConclusionsThe occurrence of mild to moderate struggling during venipuncture, venipuncture site, age, sex, and time did not affect plasma lactate concentrations in this group of healthy cats. Our results suggest that plasma lactate can be reliably measured in cats. Further studies are warranted in sick cats to determine if plasma lactate measurements can be utilized as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker.
Accelerating Adaptation of Natural Resource Management to Address Climate Change
Authors: Cross Molly S. , McCarthy Patrick D. , Garfin Gregg , Gori David , Enquist Carolyn A.F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNatural resource managers are seeking tools to help them address current and future effects of climate change. We present a model for collaborative planning aimed at identifying ways to adapt management actions to address the effects of climate change in landscapes that cross public and private jurisdictional boundaries. The Southwest Climate Change Initiative (SWCCI) piloted the Adaptation for Conservation Targets (ACT) planning approach at workshops in 4 southwestern U.S. landscapes. This planning approach successfully increased participants’ self‐reported capacity to address climate change by providing them with a better understanding of potential effects and guiding the identification of solutions. The workshops fostered cross‐jurisdictional and multidisciplinary dialogue on climate change through active participation of scientists and managers in assessing climate change effects, discussing the implications of those effects for determining management goals and activities, and cultivating opportunities for regional coordination on adaptation of management plans. Facilitated application of the ACT framework advanced group discussions beyond assessing effects to devising options to mitigate the effects of climate change on specific species, ecological functions, and ecosystems. Participants addressed uncertainty about future conditions by considering more than one climate‐change scenario. They outlined opportunities and identified next steps for implementing several actions, and local partnerships have begun implementing actions and conducting additional planning. Continued investment in adaptation of management plans and actions to address the effects of climate change in the southwestern United States and extension of the approaches used in this project to additional landscapes are needed if biological diversity and ecosystem services are to be maintained in a rapidly changing world.Acelerando la Adaptación del Manejo de Recursos Naturales para Atender el Cambio Climático
Clinically relevant pain relief with an ibuprofen‐releasing foam dressing: Results from a randomized, controlled, double‐blind clinical trial in exuding, painful venous leg ulcers
Authors: Fogh Karsten , Andersen Maibritt B. , Bischoff‐Mikkelsen Morten , Bause Renzo , Zutt Markus , Schilling Stephan , Schmutz Jean‐Luc , Borbujo Jesús , Jimenez Juan A. , Cartier Hugues , Jørgensen Bo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe objective of this 6‐week, 120‐patient, double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial was to investigate if a foam dressing with ibuprofen provided clinically relevant pain relief (PAR) for exuding, painful venous leg ulcers in comparison with a similar foam dressing without ibuprofen. Primary outcome parameter was PAR compared with baseline pain during the first 5 days of the investigation. PAR was registered by the patient morning and evening. Main end point was proportion of patients reporting a summed PAR score of at least 50% of the total maximum PAR (i.e., responders) and the corresponding number needed to treat (NNT). Wound‐related parameters such as ulcer healing, ulcer area reduction, and peri‐ulcer skin condition as well as adverse events were recorded during all 6 weeks of the investigation. PAR was significantly greater in the ibuprofen foam group than the comparator group (p = 0.0438). There were 34% responders in the ibuprofen foam group vs. 19% in the comparator group (NNT = 6.8). When evening data were analyzed separately to evaluate PAR over daytime, NNT was 5.3. Wound healing parameters and adverse events were comparable. In conclusion, in this study, the ibuprofen foam dressing provided clinically relevant PAR for patients with exuding, painful venous ulcers.
Clinical effectiveness of dermal substitution in burns by topical negative pressure: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bloemen Monica C. T. , van der Wal Martijn B. A. , Verhaegen Pauline D. H. M. , Nieuwenhuis Marianne K. , van Baar Margriet E. , van Zuijlen Paul P. M. , Middelkoop Esther 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPrevious research has shown clinical effectiveness of dermal substitution; however, in burn wounds, only limited effect has been shown. A problem in burn wounds is the reduced take of the autograft, when the substitute and graft are applied in one procedure. Recently, application of topical negative pressure (TNP) was shown to improve graft take. The aim of this study was to investigate if application of a dermal substitute in combination with TNP improves scar quality after burns. In a four‐armed multicenter randomized controlled trial, a split‐skin graft with or without a dermal substitute and with or without TNP was compared in patients with deep dermal or full‐thickness burns requiring skin transplantation. Graft take and rate of wound epithelialization were evaluated. Three and 12 months postoperatively, scar parameters were measured. The results of 86 patients showed that graft take and epithelialization did not reveal significant differences. Significantly fewer wounds in the TNP group showed postoperative contamination, compared to other groups. Highest elasticity was measured in scars treated with the substitute and TNP, which was significantly better compared to scars treated with the substitute alone. Concluding, this randomized controlled trial shows the effectiveness of dermal substitution combined with TNP in burns, based on extensive wound and scar measurements.
Tissue engraftment of hypoxic‐preconditioned adipose‐derived stem cells improves flap viability
Authors: Hollenbeck Scott T. , Senghaas Annika , Komatsu Issei , Zhang Ying , Erdmann Detlev , Klitzman Bruce 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAdipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) have the ability to release multiple growth factors in response to hypoxia. In this study, we investigated the potential of ASCs to prevent tissue ischemia. We found conditioned media from hypoxic ASCs had increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and enhanced endothelial cell tubule formation. To investigate the effect of injecting rat ASCs into ischemic flaps, 21 Lewis rats were divided into three groups: control, normal oxygen ASCs (106 cells), and hypoxic preconditioned ASCs (106 cells). At the time of flap elevation, the distal third of the flap was injected with the treatment group. At 7 days post flap elevation, flap viability was significantly improved with injection of hypoxic preconditioned ASCs. Cluster of differentiation‐31‐positive cells were more abundant along the margins of flaps injected with ASCs. Fluorescent labeled ASCs localized aside blood vessels or throughout the tissue, dependent on oxygen preconditioning status. Next, we evaluated the effect of hypoxic preconditioning on ASC migration and chemotaxis. Hypoxia did not affect ASC migration on scratch assay or chemotaxis to collagen and laminin. Thus, hypoxic preconditioning of injected ASCs improves flap viability likely through the effects of VEGF release. These effects are modest and represent the limitations of cellular and growth factor‐induced angiogenesis in the acute setting of ischemia.
Aplasia Cutis Congenita of the Arm with Associated Radial Dysplasia: Case Report, Review of the Literature, and Proposed Classification
Authors: Droubi Diana , Rothman Ilene L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAplasia cutis congenita (ACC), congenital absence of skin, is most common on the scalp but may rarely occur on the trunk and limbs. It is a physical finding that can occur in isolation or as part of a heterogeneous group of syndromes. It can affect localized to widespread areas of absent or atrophic, scarred skin at birth. We report a case of ACC of the distal right forearm associated with radial dysplasia in a newborn boy. According to the Frieden classification of ACC, this case, along with other similar reported cases, highlights the need to adjust the classification scheme commonly used for ACC so that it reflects the associated limb abnormalities with ACC of the extremities. Only five cases describing the association of radial dysplasia with ACC of the arm were found in the literature. Greater awareness of this association may allow for early intervention and better outcomes in children with ACC of the extremities.
Association Between Depressive and Anxiety Disorders and Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication in Community‐Living Elderly Adults
Authors: Gentil Lia , Vasiliadis Helen Maria , Préville Michel , Bossé Cindy , Berbiche Djamal 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesTo identify the determinants of antihypertensive medication adherence in community‐living elderly adults.DesignLongitudinal observational study.SettingPopulation‐based health survey in the province of Quebec, Canada.ParticipantsData from a representative sample (N = 2,811) of community‐dwelling adults in Quebec aged 65 and older participating in the Étude sur la Santé des Aînés study. The final study sample analyzed consisted of 926 participants taking antihypertensive drugs during the 2 years of the study.MeasurementsAdherence to antihypertensive medication was measured using days of supply obtained during a specified time period. Depression and anxiety disorders were assessed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria, and physical health status was measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Other factors considered were age, education, marital status, annual family income, and number of antihypertensive drugs that participants used.ResultsMean antihypertensive proportion (percentage) of days supplied in was 92.5% in Year 1 and 59.4% in Year 2. The presence of depression and anxiety disorders and the number of antihypertensive medications significantly predicted medication adherence. The sex by depression and anxiety disorders interaction term was significant.ConclusionAdherence to antihypertensive medication was significantly associated with depression and anxiety disorders in men but not women. The treatment of depression and anxiety disorders in individuals with hypertension may be helpful in improving medication adherence rates and healthcare outcomes.
Canine Intervertebral Disc Fenestration Using a Vacuum‐Assisted Tissue Resection Device
Authors: Thomovsky Stephanie A. , Packer Rebecca A. , Lambrechts Nicolaas E. , Moore George E. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveDescribe the use and feasibility of a novel vacuum‐assisted tissue resection device (VRD) for canine intervertebral disc fenestration, and compare the effectiveness of manual fenestration to the VRD.Study DesignRandomized prospective study.AnimalsCanine cadavers (n = 15).MethodsA cadaveric lumbar spine study was performed to compare the use of manual fenestration to a novel VRD for intervertebral disc fenestration. Both fenestration groups were compared to a control group. Effectiveness of fenestration was assessed by calculating a ratio of remaining nuclear weight postfenestration to total nuclear volume. Fenestrated discs with lower ratios were indicative of greater removal of nucleus pulposus.ResultsThere was a statistically significant reduction in mean ratio (±SD) of remaining nuclear weight to volume with both fenestration groups compared to controls (0.39 ± 0.07; P < .001). There was an improved ratio using the VRD (0.23 ± 0.09) compared to manual fenestration (0.30 ± 0.10); this was not statistically significant (P = .069). It was technically difficult to fenestrate the disc spaces at L5‐L6 and L6‐L7 because of location and anatomy, resulting in a statistically significant increase in the median ratio of nuclear weight‐to‐volume ratios in both manual and VRD fenestration groups when compared to the more cranial L4‐L5 disc spaces, 0.32 ± 0.08, and 0.35 ± 0.08 versus 0.25 ± 0.13 at L4‐L5 (P = .026 and P = .004, respectively).ConclusionsThe VRD is a feasible instrument for canine intervertebral disc fenestration. It is at least as effective as manual fenestration, and provides additional safety features.
Fracture Repair Using a Polyaxial Locking Plate System (PAX)
Authors: Barnhart Matthew D. , Rides Cristobal F. , Kennedy Shawn C. , Aiken Sean W. , Walls Charles M. , Horstman Christopher L. , Mason David , Chandler Jonathon C. , Brourman Jeff D. , Murphy Sean M. , Pike Frederick , Naber Steven J. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesTo report outcomes and complications of dog and cat fractures treated with the polyaxial locking plate system (PAX).Study DesignCase series.AnimalsDogs (n = 60) and 2 cats.MethodsMedical records (December 2009–March 2011) of dogs and cats with fractures treated with thePAXsystem were reviewed. Cases with adequate follow‐up to document a functional union, had surgery performed by an author, had no prior treatment of the fracture(s), and with complete operative records were included. Signalment, body weight, bone(s) fractured, area of bone fractured, fracture classification, concurrent orthopedic injuries, complications, time to functional union, if minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) techniques were used, plate size, number of plates, bone graft use, and ancillary methods of fixation were recorded. Additionally, fracture segment: plate length, screw, number of plate holes, number of empty screw holes overlying/adjacent to the fractures, number of cortices engaged above/below the fracture was evaluated. Variables were evaluated statistically for effect on complications and functional union.ResultsSixty‐two animals were included. Mean time to functional union was 7.1 weeks. Complications occurred in 12 animals (19%) and plate failure occurred in 3 (5%). Statistically significant factors that affected time to functional union were the presence of multiple injuries and age. Those associated with complications were double plates and number of cortices engaged above and below fractures.ConclusionsThePAXsystem allows for multidirectional screw insertion with an overall complication rate and time to functional union similar to other fracture repair implant systems.
Meritocracy Is a Good Thing
Authors: BELL DANIEL A. 
Published: October 2012

At the turn of the 20th Century when Western power was at its height, Sun Yat‐Sen sought to blend the Confucian tradition of meritocratic governance and Western‐style democracy in his vision for modern China. With the “rise of the rest” in the 21st Century—led by China—perhaps the political imagination is open once again, this time not only to Western ideas flowing East, but Eastern ideas flowing West as well.The political imagination has been pried open anew not only because of the sustained success of non‐Western modernity in places like Singapore and China, but because democracy itself has become so dysfunctional across the West, from its ancient birthplace in Greece to its most advanced outpost in California. That liberal democracy is the best form of governance ever achieved in the long arc of history is no longer self‐evident. Today, democracy, which has been captured by a short‐term, special‐interest political culture, has to prove and improve itself by incorporating elements of meritocracy and the long‐term perspective. If not, political decay beckons.In this section, we evaluate the tradeoeffs and ponder the possibilities of combining a more knowledegable democracy with a more accountable meritocracy.
Political Meritocracy and Direct Democracy: A Hybrid Experiment
Authors: BERGGRUEN NICOLAS , GARDELS NATHAN 
Published: October 2012

At the turn of the 20th Century when Western power was at its height, Sun Yat‐Sen sought to blend the Confucian tradition of meritocratic governance and Western‐style democracy in his vision for modern China. With the “rise of the rest” in the 21st Century—led by China—perhaps the political imagination is open once again, this time not only to Western ideas flowing East, but Eastern ideas flowing West as well.The political imagination has been pried open anew not only because of the sustained success of non‐Western modernity in places like Singapore and China, but because democracy itself has become so dysfunctional across the West, from its ancient birthplace in Greece to its most advanced outpost in California. That liberal democracy is the best form of governance ever achieved in the long arc of history is no longer self‐evident. Today, democracy, which has been captured by a short‐term, special‐interest political culture, has to prove and improve itself by incorporating elements of meritocracy and the long‐term perspective. If not, political decay beckons.In this section, we evaluate the tradeoeffs and ponder the possibilities of combining a more knowledegable democracy with a more accountable meritocracy.
Germany Must Shift from a Crisis Agenda to Building Europe
Authors: PRODI ROMANO 
Published: October 2012

Three years into the protracted Eurocrisis “all choices are ugly,” as former British prime minister Tony Blair comments. Indeed, the high cost of bad options is prompting some to question whether Europe is worth saving the euro.Along with Tony Blair, the former Italian prime minister Romano Prodi as well as two of the best financial minds around—Nouriel Roubini and Mohamed el‐Erian—warn of the dire consequences of a euro breakup. One of France's most prominent philosophers, André Glucksmann, wonders whether the idea of a united Europe—a reaction to the horrors of World War II—can hold everyone together in the future when peace is the norm.
Is Emergency Department length of stay associated with inpatient mortality?
Authors: Chong Carol P , Haywood Cilla , Barker Anna , Lim Wen Kwang 
Published: October 2012

AimsTo determine whether Emergency Department length of stay (EDLOS) greater than 8 hours (EDLOS > 8 hours) and less than 4 hours (EDLOS < 4 hours) were independently associated with inpatient mortality taking into account patient comorbidities and age; and to determine the impact of EDLOS on inpatient length of stay (IPLOS).MethodsThis was a retrospective data analysis of emergency presentations and inpatient admissions during 2007 at The Northern Hospital, Victoria.ResultsTaking into account age and disease states, EDLOS > 8 hours was not associated with inpatient mortality (odds ratio 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9–1.4, P = 0.4), nor was EDLOS < 4 hours (odds ratio 0.9; 95% CI 0.6–1.4, P = 0.6) associated with reduced mortality. EDLOS > 8 hours was significantly associated with longer inpatient length of stay (IPLOS) (P < 0.001) adjusting for medical comorbidities. Mean EDLOS and IPLOS were significantly longer for patients over 75 years of age.ConclusionEDLOS > 8 hours and EDLOS < 4 hours are not independently associated with mortality. A longer EDLOS is independently associated with longer IPLOS.