bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Potentiometric Electronic Tongue for Analysing Teas and Infusions
Authors: Cuartero María , Carretero Alicia , García María S. , Ortuño Joaquín A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this work, an electronic tongue (ET) system is developed for the discrimination of infusions and teas made from different herb leaves. The ET is based on an array of four non‐specific potentiometric sensors plus principal component analysis (PCA) data processing. The four sensors used are a cation‐selective electrode and an anion‐selective electrode, containing both a plasticized polymeric membrane with different ionic additives, a commercial pH electrode and a redox electrode. These provide simple, rapid and very reproducible potentiometric responses after direct exposure to infusions and teas, which do not need any pre‐treatment. A radar plot of potentiometric values for each sensor, obtained after sixty seconds of array exposure to the samples, revealed a differentiated response for each sensor and infusion. This was especially marked for anion‐selective and redox electrodes. The PCA results of the potentiometric signals point to certain trends that can be used for classification purposes. Although a small number of sensors is used in the developed ET, interesting classification functions have been achieved, which will be exploited in the near future with a larger number of samples. The concept of an ET formed by a reduced number of potentiometric sensors is starting to spread to other types of beverages.
High resolution mapping of supra‐glacial drainage pathways reveals link between micro‐channel drainage density, surface roughness and surface reflectance
Authors: Rippin David M. , Pomfret Andrew , King Nigel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper reports on the use of a small unmanned aerial vehicle (sUAV) carrying a standard compact camera, to construct a high resolution orthomosaic (OM) and digital elevation model (DEM) over the lower reaches of the glacier Midtre Lovénbreen, Svalbard. Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques were used to build the OM and DEM, and together these reveal insights into the nature of supra‐glacial drainage. Major meandering supra‐glacial drainage pathways show clear dynamism, via meander cutoffs and abandoned channels. In addition, the imagery reveals a very extensive network of smaller channels that may well carry substantial amounts of water. This network of channels is in part controlled by the structure of the glacier, but in turn, these channels have a significant impact on the ice surface. Roughness of the ice surface is higher where channels are most extensive. In addition, we find a relationship between channel density and surface reflectance, such that greater channel density is associated with lower reflectance values. Given the role of surface reflectance and roughness in the energy balance of glaciers, it is therefore apparent that extensive networks of small supra‐glacial channels across such glaciers have the potential to have an important impact on energy exchanges between the atmosphere and the ice surface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decreased resting‐state brain activity complexity in schizophrenia characterized by both increased regularity and randomness
Authors: Yang Albert C. , Hong Chen‐Jee , Liou Yin‐Jay , Huang Kai‐Lin , Huang Chu‐Chung , Liu Mu‐En , Lo Men‐Tzung , Huang Norden E. , Peng Chung‐Kang , Lin Ching‐Po , Tsai Shih‐Jen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSchizophrenia is characterized by heterogeneous pathophysiology. Using multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis, which enables capturing complex dynamics of time series, we characterized MSE patterns of blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signals across different time scales and determined whether BOLD activity in patients with schizophrenia exhibits increased complexity (increased entropy in all time scales), decreased complexity toward regularity (decreased entropy in all time scales), or decreased complexity toward uncorrelated randomness (high entropy in short time scales followed by decayed entropy as the time scale increases). We recruited 105 patients with schizophrenia with an age of onset between 18 and 35 years and 210 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers. Results showed that MSE of BOLD signals in patients with schizophrenia exhibited two routes of decreased BOLD complexity toward either regular or random patterns. Reduced BOLD complexity toward regular patterns was observed in the cerebellum and temporal, middle, and superior frontal regions, and reduced BOLD complexity toward randomness was observed extensively in the inferior frontal, occipital, and postcentral cortices as well as in the insula and middle cingulum. Furthermore, we determined that the two types of complexity change were associated differently with psychopathology; specifically, the regular type of BOLD complexity change was associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia, whereas the randomness type of BOLD complexity was associated with negative symptoms of the illness. These results collectively suggested that resting‐state dynamics in schizophrenia exhibit two routes of pathologic change toward regular or random patterns, which contribute to the differences in syndrome domains of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2174–2186, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Super resolution in CT
Authors: Yan Ziye , Li Jianwu , Lu Yao , Yan Hongxia , Zhao Yanfeng 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe general framework of super resolution in computed tomography (CT) system is introduced. Two data acquisition ways before or after the reconstruction respectively are described. Three models including the sinogram model, the in‐plane model and the z‐axis model, are addressed to adapt super resolution to CT system. The improved iterative back projection algorithm is used in this work. Experimental results based on simulated data, GE performance phantom scanned by GE LightSpeed VCT system, one patient volunteer scanned by TOSHIBA Aquilion system, and a special experimental apparatus demonstrate that super resolution is effective to improve the resolution of CT images. The sinogram model is suitable for future CT system; the in‐plane model is restricted to some special clinical diagnoses; and the z‐axis model is practicable for current general clinical CT images. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 92–101, 2015
A segmentation system based on clustering method for pediatric DTI images
Authors: Liu Bin , Jia Xianyong , Jiang Qianfeng , Huang Rui , Zhang Hui , Wan Chao 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA system is presented for the segmentation of white matter fiber tracts in pediatric diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) images. DTI is an in vivo method to delineate the connectivity of white matter fiber tracts in human brain by fiber tractography. Fiber tractography is a promising method to visualize the whole bundles of fiber tracts. Fiber tractography is unable to provide a quantitative analysis and description of specific white matter fiber tracts. Obviously, segmenting and clustering the fiber tracts into anatomical bundles play an important role in fiber tracts analysis. Traditional manual segmentation method requires neuroanatomical expertise and significant time. It can not be a standardized and widely used method for segmentation of complicated fiber tracts in pediatric DTI images. Hence, an image segmentation system with an adaptive mean shift (AMS) clustering method is proposed to cluster fiber tracts into bundles automatically in this article. In the image segmentation system, fiber similarity measure based on Euclidean distance is used in the clustering method. Since the increase of children's mental illness in recent years, segmentation of pediatric DTI images by clustering methods is focused in our research. The effectiveness and robustness of adaptive mean shift clustering algorithm for segmentation of fiber tracts are also evaluated by error analysis experiments. In addition, the experiment results show that adaptive mean shift method used in our system is more efficient and effective than K‐means and Fuzzy C‐means (FCM) clustering methods for the segmentation of fiber tracts in real pediatric DTI images. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 102–113, 2015
Proton pump inhibitor use is not associated with cardiac arrhythmia in critically ill patients
Authors: Chen Kenneth P. , Lee Joon , Mark Roger G. , Feng Mengling , Celi Leo A. , Malley Brian E. , Danziger John 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHypomagnesemia can lead to cardiac arrythmias. Recently, observational data have linked chronic proton pump inhibitor (PPI) exposure to hypomagnesemia. Whether PPI exposure increases the risk for arrhythmias has not been well studied. Using a large, single‐center inception cohort of critically ill patients, we examined whether PPI exposure was associated with admission electrocardiogram readings of a cardiac arrhythmia in more than 8000 patients. There were 25.4% PPI users, whereas 6% were taking a histamine 2 antagonist. In all, 14.0% had a cardiac arrhythmia. PPI use was associated with an unadjusted risk of arrhythmia of 1.15 (95% CI,1.00–1.32; P =.04) and an adjusted risk of arrhythmia of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.77–1.06; P =.22). Among diuretic users (n = 2476), PPI use was similarly not associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia. In summary, in a large cohort of critically ill patients, PPI exposure is not associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia.
Entitled to solutions: The need for research on workplace entitlement
Authors: Harvey Paul , Dasborough Marie T. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryWorkplace entitlement is a pressing concern for modern organizations and managers. Organizational scholars, however, have largely overlooked this phenomenon in their research. In this Incubator, we summarize the untapped opportunities that entitlement research offers for impacting both scholarly thinking and practitioner knowledge on the subject. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of agroclimatic parameters on phenolic and volatile compounds of Chilean virgin olive oils and characterization based on geographical origin, cultivar and ripening stage
Authors: Romero Nalda , Saavedra Jorge , Tapia Francisco , Sepúlveda Betsabet , Aparicio Ramón 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study involved two commercial orchards located in Limarí Valley and Molina from two important Chilean production zones of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The investigation evaluated the effects of climate, soil composition, agricultural practices (fertilization and irrigation) and variety (considering two harvests) on the compounds responsible for the flavor of EVOO (volatiles and phenols) and how these compounds can explain the differences in chemical profiles by geographical origin, cultivar and fruit ripeness stage.RESULTSVarieties from the Limarí Valley presented the highest content of phenolic compounds. A significant relationship (P < 0.05) between volatile compounds and climate indicated that the compounds produced via the lipoxygenase cascade were affected by the maximum temperature and, to a lesser extent, by evapo‐transpiration and irrigation. The selection of different individual phenolic and volatile compounds independently allowed the significant differentiation of EVOOs, principally by geographical origin, crop season, fruit ripeness stage and, in a few cases, by cultivar.CONCLUSIONSoil and climate of the Chilean regions have much more influence than cultivars on the concentration of sensory quality compounds. Difference in latitude between orchards increases the importance of the geographical origin on the virgin olive oil chemical composition while full irrigation decreases the impact of the cultivar. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of probiotic, antifungal and cholesterol lowering properties of Pediococcus pentosaceusKCC‐23 isolated from Italian ryegrass
Authors: Ilavenil Soundharrajan , Vijayakumar Mayakrishnan , Kim Da Hye , Valan Arasu Mariadhas , Park Hyung Su , Ravikumar Sivanesan , Choi Ki Choon 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDLactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important for the processing of various food products. Although genetically modified organisms have contributed to improvements in various food products, there are some limitations. Thus, the discovery of wild strains from natural sources must be considered as the most suitable approach for identifying new LAB. Therefore, we planned to isolate and characterise the LAB from Italian ryegrass forage and evaluate their biological potential.RESULTSA total of 28 strains were isolated and screened for their anti‐fungal and probiotic properties. A single strain was selected due to its antifungal and probiotic efficiency. The strain was identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus KCC‐23. The strain KCC‐23 showed effective inhibition against Aspergillus fumigatus, Pencillium chrysogenum, Pencillium roqueforti, Botrytis elliptica and Fusarium oxysporum. Further, it survived low pH, and the presence of bile salts and gastric juice. It exhibited significant aggregation and hydrophobicity properties. The KCC‐23 effectively assimilated cholesterol and had the ability to utilise pre‐biotics such as raffinose and inulin. Finally, KCC‐23 exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity.CONCLUSIONP. pentosaceus KCC‐23 showed effective anti‐fungal, probiotic and anti‐oxidant properties and would be a promising isolate for exploitation in the formulation of food for ruminants and humans. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
LAMA2‐related myopathy: Frequency among congenital and limb‐girdle muscular dystrophies
Authors: Løkken Nicoline , Born Alfred Peter , Duno Morten , Vissing John 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Muscular dystrophy caused by LAMA2‐gene mutations is an autosomal recessive disease typically presenting as a severe, early‐onset congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD). However, milder cases with a limb‐girdle type muscular dystrophy (LGMD) have been described. Methods: In this study, we assessed the frequency and phenotypic spectrum of LAMA2‐related muscular dystrophy in CMD (n = 18) and LGMD2 (n = 128) cohorts identified in the last 15 years in eastern Denmark. The medical history, brain‐MRI, muscle pathology, muscle laminin‐α2 expression, and genetic analyses were assessed. Results: Molecular genetics revealed 2 pathogenic LAMA2 mutations in 5 of 18 CMD and 3 of 128 LGMD patients, corresponding to a LAMA2‐mutation frequency of 28% in the CMD and 2.3% in the LGMD cohorts, respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a wide clinical spectrum of LAMA2‐related muscular dystrophy and its prevalence in an LGMD2 cohort, which indicates that LAMA2 muscular dystrophy should be included in the LGMD2 nomenclature. Muscle Nerve 52: 547–553, 2015
Development of a mirror‐based LCPV module and test results
Authors: Antonini Andrea , Butturi Maria A. , Zurru Paolo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe design of a specific low concentration photovoltaic module is described here, with a report of the results of the first experimental tests of its industrial version. The product is a 20× reflective concentrating photovoltaic module based on silicon solar cells. The optics were designed to mount these modules on 2‐axis trackers with angular pointing accuracy of up to about ±4° without significant power loss. The high angular acceptance of the non‐imaging optics permits the collection of a high fraction of the circumsolar light impinging on the module's frontal aperture, providing high direct normal irradiance efficiency in real operative conditions. Many technical features of the product are described here, in which features are the result of 5 years of product development in order to improve performance, reliability and cost issues. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanophysiology: Bridging synapse ultrastructure, biology, and physiology using scanning ion conductance microscopy
Authors: Scheenen Wim J.J.M. , Celikel Tansu 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTSynaptic communication is at the core of neural circuit function, and its plasticity allows the nervous system to adapt to the changes in its environment. Understanding the mechanisms of this synaptic (re)organization will benefit from novel methodologies that enable simultaneous study of synaptic ultrastructure, biology, and physiology in identified circuits. Here, we describe one of these methodologies, i.e., scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), for electrical mapping of the membrane anatomy in tens of nanometers resolution in living neurons. When combined with traditional patch‐clamp and fluorescence microscopy techniques, and the newly emerging nanointerference methodologies, SICM has the potential to mechanistically bridge the synaptic structure and function longitudinally throughout the life of a synapse. Synapse, 69:233–241, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Prospective Analysis of Thyroidectomy Outcomes in a Resource‐Limited Setting
Authors: O Donohoe Nollaig , Kintu‐Luwaga R. , Bolger Jarleth , Odubu Fualal Jane 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to document thyroidectomy outcomes in the surgical endocrine unit, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. The burden of global surgical disease is currently receiving much attention, especially in countries experiencing epidemiological transition. There is a paucity of publications on surgical outcomes from Sub‐Saharan Africa. International thyroid guidelines from high‐income countries do not factor in the logistical challenges or the advanced pathology faced by the surgeon in resource‐limited settings.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study in 2013. Eight peri‐operative variables of poor outcome were analysed statistically against six outcomes variables. Data was collected from 0 to 6 months post‐operatively.ResultsForty‐two thyroidectomies were performed over a 3‐month period (female = 38). Intraoperative events recorded included rebleeding = 10 %, infection = 0 %, transient voice symptoms = 30 %, transient hypocalcaemia = 12.5 %, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis = 7.5 % and permanent hypocalcaemia = 15 %. There was a weak powered association between RLN paralysis and total thyroidectomy and smaller thyroid size. There were associations between large thyroid size and both permanent hypocalcaemia and rebleeding. Younger patients showed statistically more transient voice changes compared to older patients. Older patients were statistically more likely to develop rebleeding. Shorter operative duration was associated with transient voice change, permanent hypocalcaemia and rebleeding. Airway difficulties and transient hypocalcaemia were statistically significant in prolonged procedures.ConclusionsWhilst the thyroidectomy outcomes are not equal to international standards, an acceptable standard is achievable in this resource‐limited setting. Poor outcomes are multifactorial but extremes of thyroid size, extremes of operation duration and total thyroidectomies all have statistically poorer outcomes in this setting.
Effects of hydrologic modifications to riparian plant communities in a large river system in northern China
Authors: Xiu Chen , Gerisch Michael , Ilg Christiane , Henle Klaus , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHydrologic modifications to rivers caused by anthropogenic activity have major impacts on riparian ecosystems. Alterations to the hydrologic regime and their interactions with natural environmental parameters exert selective pressures on riparian vegetation, resulting in adaptations to specific flow attributes. However, few studies have attempted to detect these effects under multiple hydrologic conditions, especially for rivers in semi‐dry and semi‐humid regions. Using the “space‐for‐time substitution” method, we investigated the effects of hydrologic modifications to the riparian plant community along the Yongding River of northern China, by comparing community structure metrics (diversity, plant moisture affinity group, and lifespan) and a function metric (biomass) under three streamflows (perennial, seasonal and dried‐up). Among these streamflows, seasonal flow reaches had the greatest plant diversity. Responses of plant moisture group and lifespan were inconsistent in different hydrologic stages, although they varied significantly (P < 0.01). Annuals and biennials greatly increased from perennial to seasonal streamflow (~59 %), while perennials decreased (~41 %). However, from seasonal to dried‐up flow, the percentage of mesics and xerics increased by 12.8 and 11.8 %, respectively, while hydrics decreased dramatically (by 24.6 %). Perennial flow had significantly greater aboveground biomass (P < 0.05) than the other two flows. Hydrologic conditions and their related soil nutrients were the main driving factors of community structure and function, which explained 21.0 and 18.0 % of variation, respectively. These findings reveal the response process of the riparian plant community during hydrologic modification from perennial to dried‐up streamflow.
Posterior Surgical Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Kiely Paul D. , Quinn John C. , Du Jerry Y. , Lebl Darren R. 
Published: February 2015

Background Cervical spondylosis is now recognised as the leading cause of myelopathy and spinal cord dysfunction worldwide. Chronic spinal cord compression results in chronic inflammation, cellular apoptosis, and microvacular insufficiency, which are thought to the biologic basis for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Questions/Purposes Our purpose was to address the key principles of CSM, including natural history and presentation, pathogenesis, optimal surgical approach, results and complication rates of posterior surgical approaches for CSM so that the rationale for addressing CSM by a posterior approach can be fully understood. Methods We conducted a systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Collaboration Library for literature published through February 2014 to identify articles that evaluated CSM and its management. Reasons for exclusion included patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), patients with degenerative disc disease without CSM, and patients with spine tumor, trauma and infection. Meeting abstracts/proceedings, white articles and editorials were additionally excluded. Results The search strategy yielded 1,292 articles, which was reduced to 52 articles, after our exclusion criteria were introduced. CSM is considered to be a surgical disorder due to its progressive nature. There is currently no consensus in the literature whether multilevel spondylotic compression is best treated via an anterior or posterior surgical approach. Conclusion Multilevel CSM may be safely and effectively treated using a posterior approach, either by laminoplasty or with a laminectomy and fusion technique.
COMMON LAW JURISPRUDENCE AND ANCIENT CONSTITUTIONALISM IN THE RADICAL THOUGHT OF JOHN CARTWRIGHT, GRANVILLE SHARP, AND CAPEL LOFFT
Authors: OWERS GEORGE BERNARD 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA number of late eighteenth-century English parliamentary reformers synthesized arguments based upon reason and natural law with appeals to the ‘ancient constitution’. This article aims to examine how such reformers were able to move to a democratic view of political agency while maintaining a rhetorically powerful appeal to constitutionalist precedent. It will examine how three of these radicals, John Cartwright, Granville Sharp, and Capel Lofft, collaborated in their utilization of the latent natural law maxims of the English common law, reviving the rationalist potential of the jurisprudence of Edward Coke and Christopher St Germain to democratize the seventeenth-century Whig conception of the ancient constitution. It will thereby show how reformers in the 1770s and 1780s challenged the domestic and imperial political status quo by exploiting the underlying ambiguities of the intellectual resources of their own ‘respectable’ legal and political tradition.