bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of Two Pharmaceutically Active Compounds from Aqueous Phase Using an Engineered Floodplain Filtration System
Authors: Behera Shishir Kumar , Rene Eldon R. , Park Hung‐Suck 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study investigated the removal of two model pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAcs), viz., ibuprofen and triclosan, in lab‐scale engineered floodplain filtration (EFF) system. Biodegradation experiments were performed to acquire knowledge about the degradation of the targeted PhAcs, at an initial concentration of 350 µg/L. Biodegradation results showed that the two compounds were bio‐transformed to >70% after 15 days of incubation. Column tests were performed in a statistically significant manner to determine the adsorptive potential of the suggested filler layer in the EFF (C/C0), by varying the flow rate and initial concentration of the compound. It was observed based on the F and p‐values that the main effects (F = 3163, p < 0.005) were more significant than the interactive effects (F = 9561, p < 0.05) for both ibuprofen and triclosan removal. Besides, by performing the Student's “t” test, it was concluded that the flow rate plays a major role in determining the rapidness of achieving complete breakthrough than the initial concentration of both the compounds. The data obtained from column studies under biotic conditions indicated that the removal mechanism for PhAcs is mainly biotransformation based, and that an EFF system may be effectively used to remove these emerging compounds during ground water recharge for water recycling.
Enantioselective Ir‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Minimally Functionalized Olefins Using Pyranoside Phosphinite‐Oxazoline Ligands
Authors: Mazuela Javier , Pàmies Oscar , Diéguez Montserrat 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPyranoside phosphinite‐oxazoline ligands prepared from readily available (+)‐D‐glucosamine were applied to the Ir‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of minimally functionalized olefins. Our results show that the enantioselectivity is dependent on the ozaxoline and the phosphinite moieties and the substrate structure. By carefully selecting the ligand components, enantioselectivities up to 99 % were obtained in the asymmetric reduction of several (E)‐ and (Z)‐trisubstituted and 1,1‐disubstituted olefins. The asymmetric hydrogenation was also performed using propylene carbonate as solvent, which allowed the iridium catalysts to be reused and maintained the high enantioselectivities.
Asymmetric Synthesis of (1,5)Naphthalenophanes by Dehydro‐Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Wessig Pablo , Matthes Annika , Schilde Uwe , Kelling Alexandra 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn asymmetric variant of the dehydro‐Diels–Alder (DDA) reaction has been developed and applied in the atropselective synthesis of various (1,5)naphthalenophanes. Whereas the suitability of the photochemically induced DDA (PDDA) was limited, the thermally induced DDA provided the desired product, depending on the chiral auxiliary used and the length of the linker, with nearly perfect stereoselectivity. Furthermore, the mechanism of the DDA was investigated by means of DFT calculations, and a stepwise mechanism involving 1,4‐biradicals was suggested.
Euromarriages in Spain: Recent Trends and Patterns in the Context of European Integration
Authors: Medrano Juan Díez , Cortina Clara , Safranoff Ana , Castro‐Martín Teresa 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis article examines recent trends and patterns in binational marriages between European citizens in Spain over a 20‐year period and the sociodemographic profile and nationality composition of these binational marriages. The analysis relies on aggregate marriage statistics and on marriage register microdata for 2008–2009. We use odds ratios to monitor trends and characteristics of binational marriages and multinomial regression to further examine the sociodemographic profile of these couples. The analysis of marriage records reveals only a modest rise in Euromarriages over the 1990–2009 period. This moderate increase in Euromarriages points towards a weak social impact of the European single market. Moreover, the analysis also suggests that binational marriages more often involve lesser‐educated than more‐educated individuals. Finally, findings on the social and nationality compositions of binational marriages conform to theoretical predictions drawn from the literatures of marriage markets, endogamy, and social hypergamy. They show that the affinity between Spaniards and European Union (EU‐15) citizens is lesser than that between Spaniards and non‐Europeans (i.e. Latin Americans). They also show that patterns of binational marriages are highly gender specific. Whereas the affinity between Spanish women and EU‐15 men is higher than the affinity between Spanish women and ‘new’ European men, the affinity between Spanish men and ‘new’ European women is higher than the affinity between Spanish men and EU‐15 women. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accretion and outflow of gas in Markarian 509
Authors: Kaastra Jelle , Petrucci Pierre-Olivier , Cappi Massimo , Arav Nahum , Behar Ehud , Bianchi Stefano , Branduardi-Raymont Graziella , Costantini Elisa , Ebrero Jacobo , Kriss Jerry , Mehdipour Missagh , Paltani Stephane , Pinto Ciro , Ponti Gabriele , Steenbrugge Katrien , de Vries Cor 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA major uncertainty in models for photoionised outflows in AGN is the distance of the gas to the central black hole. We present the results of a massive multiwavelength monitoring campaign on the bright Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509 to constrain the location of the outflow components dominating the soft X-ray band. Mrk 509 was monitored by XMM-Newton, Integral, Chandra, HST/COS and Swift in 2009. We have studied the response of the photoionised gas to the changes in the ionising flux produced by the central regions. We were able to put tight constraints on the variability of the absorbers from day to year time scales. This allowed us to develop a model for the time-dependent photoionisation in this source. We find that the more highly ionised gas producing most X-ray line opacity is at least 5 pc away from the core; upper limits to the distance of various absorbing components range between 20 pc up to a few kpc. The more lowly ionised gas producing most UV line opacity is at least 100 pc away from the nucleus. These results point to an origin of the dominant, slow (v<1000 km s−1) outflow components in the NLR or torus-region of Mrk 509. We find that while the kinetic luminosity of the outflow is small, the mass carried away is likely larger than the 0.5 Solar mass per year accreting onto the black hole. We also determined the chemical composition of the outflow as well as valuable constraints on the different emission regions. We find for instance that the resolved component of the Fe-K line originates from a region 40–1000 gravitational radii from the black hole, and that the soft excess is produced by Comptonisation in a warm (0.2–1 keV), optically thick (τ~ 10–20) corona near the inner part of the disk.
Fallback Disks, Magnetars and Other Neutron Stars
Authors: Alpar M. Ali , Çalışkan Ş. , Ertan Ü. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe presence of matter with angular momentum, in the form of a fallback disk around a young isolated neutron star will determine its evolution. This leads to an understanding of many properties of different classes of young neutron stars, in particular a natural explanation for the period clustering of AXPs, SGRs and XDINs. The spindown or spinup properties of a neutron star are determined by the dipole component of the magnetic field. The natural possibility that magnetars and other neutron stars may have different strengths of the dipole and higher multipole components of the magnetic field is now actually required by observations on the spindown rates of some magnetars. This talk gives a broad overview and some applications of the fallback disk model to particular neutron stars. Salient points are: (i) A fallback disk has already been observed around the AXP 4U 0142+61 some years ago. (ii) The low observed spindown rate of the SGR 0418+5729 provides direct evidence that the dipole component of the field is in the 1012G range. All properties of the SGR 0418+5729 at its present age can be explained by spindown under torques from a fallback disk. (iii) The anomalous braking index of PSR J1734-3333 can also be explained by the fallback disk model which gives the luminosity, period, period derivative and the period second derivative at the present age. (iv) These and all applications to a variety of other sources employ the same disk physics and evolution, differing only in the initial conditions of the disk.
Degenerates with Dusty Disks: White Dwarfs and Cataclysmic Variables in the Infrared
Authors: Hoard D. W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRecent infrared observations, particularly from the Spitzer Space Telescope and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, of white dwarfs, cataclysmic variables and other interacting compact binaries, have revealed the presence of dust in many systems. I briefly review the discovery and observational properties of dust around white dwarfs and cataclysmic variables.
The submillimeter properties of AE Aqr
Authors: Torkelsson Ulf 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAE Aqr is a cataclysmic variable consisting of a magnetised white dwarf with a spin period of 33 s, and a K-dwarf companion. Because of the rapid spin the magnetosphere of the white dwarf the matter that is flowing over from the secondary cannot accrete onto the white dwarf, and rather it is ejected from the system. AE Aqr is subject to extended flaring activity at all wavelengths from radio via optical to X-rays. I present observations of AE Aqr at 345 and 850 GHz using the LABOCA and SABOCA bolometers on APEX. These observations are good enough to distinguish individual flares at both 345 and 850 GHz, and the SABOCA observation is the first measurement of the system at 850 GHz.
The broad line emission from the AGN 3C 390.3: complex broad-line region and perturbation in accretion disk
Authors: Dragana Ilić , Popović Luka Č. , Shapovalova Alla I. , Burenkov Alexander N. , Chavushyan Vahram H. , Kovačević Andjelka , Kollatschny Wolfram 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFrom 13-years of the spectral optical monitoring of a well-known broad-line radio galaxy 3C 390.3 we concluded that the geometry of the broad emission-line region is complex, while still the main part of the emission is coming from the accretion disk. Here we present part of the analysis of the broad Hα and Hβ emission lines, which are showing highly variable double-peaked profiles during the monitoring period (1995-2007), with the aim to probe the accretion disk properties. The disk-like geometry plays a dominant role, but the variability of Hα and Hβ line profiles and intensities shows a presence of an additional emission-line region, that has a different nature for different periods, e.g. in one period the observed variation can be well modeled if one assumes changes in position and size of the emitting disk along the accretion disk.
Cross-correlation of X-rays for 4U 1608–52
Authors: Lei Y. J. , Zhang H. T. , Luo A. L. , Zhao Y. H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe study the cross-correlation between X-rays of different energies for the atoll-type source 4U 1608–52 with RXTE, and find the cross-correlation evolutes along the different branches. The anti-correlation is reported from the Galactic black hole candidates and Z-type luminous sources in their hard states. Our results are a little different from the Z-type sources. Here we provide the first evidence that a similar anti-correlated feature can also be found in atoll-type source, and it is not corresponding to the lowest accretion rate.
Multi-resonance orbital model of HF QPOs
Authors: Stuchlík Zdeněk , Kotrlová Andrea , Török Gabriel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUsing known frequencies of the twin peak high-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations (HF QPOs) and known mass M of the central black hole, the black-hole dimensionless spin a can be determined assuming a concrete version of the resonance model. However, large range of observationally limited values of the black hole mass implies a low precision of the spin estimates. We discuss the possibility of higher precision of the black hole spin a measurements in the framework of multi-resonance model inspired by observations of more than two HF QPOs in some black hole sources. We determine the spin and mass dependence of the twin peak frequencies with a general rational ratio n:m assuming a non-linear resonance of oscillations with the epicyclic and Keplerian frequencies or their combinations. In the multi-resonant model, the twin peak resonances are combined properly to give the observed frequency set. We focus on the special case of duplex frequencies, when the top, bottom, or mixed frequency is common at two different radii where the resonances occur giving triple frequency sets.
Jet and kHz QPO-Accreting Pulsar and Bottom Magnetic Field
Authors: Pan Yuanyue , Zhang Chengmin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe bottom magnetic fields of neutron stars (NSs) in LMXBs are found to be proportionally related to their accretion rate, i.e. Z (Atoll) source with Eddington (less Eddington) rate is associated with a stronger value of about B ~109 G (B ~108 G). We discuss the relation between the jet formation of NS and its bottom magnetic field strength, and pointed out that the accretion powered millisecond pulsar will not exclude the jet production, furthermore the appearance of kHz QPOs may be also coexistence with the jets. The observer's viewing angle to the NS rotating axis may be a significant factor for observing the jet, pulsar or kHz QPO.
Study of the parsec-scale jet in the blazar 3C 66A with VLBA
Authors: Zhao Guang-Yao , Chen Yong-Jun , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Sudou Hiroshi , Iguchi Satoru , Murata Yasuhiro , Taniguchi Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe report 4-epoch VLBA observations of 3C 66A at 22GHz. The resulting images show a typical core-jet structure. We combine our results with some previous results to investigate the proper motions of the jet components. The kinematics of 3C 66A is quite complicated; mildly superluminal motions as well as apparent inward motions have been detected for some components. The inward motions may imply position change of the observed core.
Simulating the X-ray evolution of late-type galaxies with population synthesis
Authors: Zuo Zhao-yu , Li Xiang-dong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUsing an evolutionary population synthesis code, we modeled the global emission of X-ray binaries in late-type galaxies, its relations with other physical properties (i.e., optical luminosity, stellar mass, etc.) of the galaxies, and their evolution with redshift over the cosmic history, which may be investigated further by future high-resolution X-ray and optical observations.
Accretion and pulsation of IU Per based on INTEGRAL and ground base photometry
Authors: Kundra Emil , Hric Ladislav , Gális Rudolf 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIU Persei (IU Per) is an eclipsing semi detached (SD) binary with pulsating component (oscillating eclipsing Algol - oEA). Using our ground base photometry in Johnson's B and V filters and INTEGRAL/OMC (Optical Monitoring Camera) data in V filter we introduce the model of this system. We determined the (O - C) diagram behavior. Moreover, the short term variations of the light curve were detected. Whats more, we obtained residua, by comparison of observational and synthetic light curves (LC), of which the detailed period analysis enabled to characterize and localize their source, that can be explained as the pulsation activity of the primary component. The secondary, less massive component, is beyond the instability belt on H-R diagram and fulfills its Roche lobe. The accreting primary component pulsates in modes typical for the δ Scuti stars.
Wear behaviour of eutectic and hypoeutectic Al‐Si‐Mg‐Ce alloys
Authors: Abu Seman Anasyida , Razak Daud Abdul , Jameelah Ghazali Mariyam 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the wear behaviour of eutectic and hypoeutectic Al‐Si‐Mg‐Ce alloys.Design/methodology/approachThe eutectic and hypoeutectic alloys were prepared using permanent mould casting process by varied cerium (Ce) addition in the alloy from 1 to 3 wt%. Dry sliding wear tests were performed against a hardened carbon steel (Fe‐2.3%Cr‐0.9%C) using a pin‐on‐disc configuration with fixed sliding speed of 1 m/s and load 50 N at room temperature of ∼25 degree. Morphologies of both worn surfaces and collected debris were characterised by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer (EDS).FindingsIt was revealed that following the addition of cerium, intermetallic Al4Ce needle‐like structure was present in eutectic alloys whereas CeMg2Si2 blocky phase was present in the hypoeutectic alloys. The increasing of Ce addition up to 3.0 wt% in hypoeutectic alloy led to formation of AlCe3 intermetallic phase. The increase in cerium content up to 2 wt% led to higher wear resistance behaviour for both as‐cast alloys. Formation of craters and localised plastic deformation were observed on the worn surface of both as‐cast alloys, resulting fine particulate and sheet‐like wear debris. The wear resistance was found to be higher for hypoeutectic alloy compared to the eutectic alloy containing Ce.Originality/valueAn attempt has been made to study the influence of intermetallic compound containing Ce in the Al‐Si‐Mg alloys on wear behaviour of both as‐cast alloys.
Patient‐specific intervertebral disc implants using rapid manufacturing technology
Authors: de Beer Neal , van der Merwe André 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a process chain for design and manufacture of endplates of intervertebral disc implants, with specific emphasis on designing footprint profiles and matching endplate geometry.Design/methodology/approachExisting techniques for acquiring patient‐specific information from CT scan data was and a user‐friendly software solution was developed to facilitate pre‐surgical planning and semi‐automated design. The steps in the process chain were validated experimentally by manufacturing Ti6Al4 V endplates by means of Direct Metal Laser Sintering to match vertebrae of a cadaver and were tested for accuracy of the implant‐to‐bone fitment.FindingsIntervertebral disc endplates were successfully designed and rapid manufactured using a biocompatible material. Accuracy within 0.37 mm was achieved. User‐friendly, semi‐automated design software offers an opportunity for surgeons to become more easily involved in the design process and speeds up the process to more accurately develop a custom‐made implant.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to the design and manufacture of the bone‐implant contacting interface. Other design features, such as keels which are commonly used for implant fixation as well as the functionality of the implant joint mechanics were not considered as there may be several feasible design alternatives.Practical implicationsThis research may change the way that current intervertebral disc implants are designed and manufactured.Originality/valueApart from other areas of application (cranial, maxillofacial, hip, knee, foot) and recent research on customized disc nucleus replacement, very little work has been done to develop patient‐specific implants for the spine. This research was conducted to contribute and provide much needed progress in this area of application.
Mechanical behaviour of AA 2024 friction stir overlap welds
Authors: Papadopoulos Michael , Tavares Sergio , Pacchione Marco , Pantelakis Spiros 
Published: February 2013

PurposeTo investigate the effect of different welding configurations on the mechanical properties of friction stir welding (FSW) overlap joints. The application of FSW in an overlap configuration could be an attractive replacement to the riveting process for assembly of fuselage primary structures due to the similarity in tolerance management. However, the mechanical properties of welded overlap joints are often inferior to the respective riveted lap‐joint properties.Design/methodology/approachIn order to quantify the static and fatigue strength of FSW overlap joints, numerical and experimental investigation on overlap welds were performed in the current work. Several single shear overlap joints welding configurations were investigated, including single and multiple pass friction stir welds. The static and fatigue behaviour of these joints was assessed through tensile and fatigue tests.FindingsStatic and fatigue behaviour were found to strongly depend on the welding process parameters and configuration. With respect to the static behaviour, it was found that values close to base material can be achieved. However, depending on configuration and process parameters, static properties can be as low as about 30% of the base material properties. As for the fatigue behaviour, the fatigue limit for all configurations tested was found to be unrealistic for structural applications.Originality/valueThe distance between the outermost welds in multiple pass welds were found to influence the mechanical properties, although no direct relationship can be derived. Indications have been found but no clear conclusion has been reached with respect to the optimum configuration. In some cases, specimens with superior tensile properties exhibited reduced fatigue properties whereas the exact opposite effect was observed for other configurations.
Transition from administrative to economic model of corporate governance
Authors: Li Wei'An , Yan Da'Ying 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThis paper makes the first attempt to provide a new analytical framework for research on the evolution of China's corporate governance models. The purpose of this paper is to investigate developmental corporate governance mechanisms in China the over past decades from a synthetic and dynamic analytical viewpoint.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper.FindingsThe evolution of corporate governance from an administrative to an economic model in China was not a smooth process and was confronted with various unavoidable institutional and ideological obstacles. Consequently, the transition of governance models has demonstrated the following four salient characteristics: gradualism, dualism, systematization and path dependency.Originality/valueThis paper makes the first attempt to provide a new analytical framework for research on the evolution of China's corporate governance models.