bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population study of neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely premature infants admitted after office hours
Authors: Abdel‐Latif Mohamed E , Bajuk Barbara , Oei Julee , Lui Kei ,   the NSW and ACT Neonatal Intensive Care Units Audit Group
Published: December 2012

AimThe aim of the study was to compare neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely preterm infants admitted during (OH) and after (AH) office hours.MethodsA retrospective review of the New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory Neonatal Intensive Care Units' (NICUs) Data Collection of all infants <29 weeks gestation admitted to New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory NICUs between January 1998 and December 2004 was conducted. The primary outcome was moderate/severe functional disability (FD) at 2–3 years follow‐up defined as developmental delay (Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales general quotient or Bayley Scales of Infant Development‐II mental developmental index >2 standard deviations below the mean), cerebral palsy (unable to walk without aids), deafness (requiring bilateral hearing aids) or blindness (visual acuity <6/60 in the better eye).ResultsMortality and age at follow‐up were comparable between the AH and OH groups. Developmental outcome was evaluated in 972 (74.9%) infants admitted during AH and 501 (74.6%) admitted during OH. FD was not significantly different between the AH and OH groups (17.1% vs. 14.8%, adjusted odds ratio 1.131, 95% confidence interval 1.131 (0.839–1.523), P = 0.420). There were no significant differences between AH and OH infants with cerebral palsy (9.6% vs. 7.6%), developmental delay (5.4% vs. 5.0%) or any other component of FD.ConclusionThere is little circadian variation in mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in an NICU network with the current model of after hours staffing and support, and sharing of NICU workload within a network.
Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccination in children: A UK perspective
Authors: de Whalley Philip CS , Pollard Andrew J 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPandemic H1N1 influenza infection was common in the UK in 2009 and children were particularly vulnerable. Most cases were mild or subclinical, but there was significant mortality, predominantly in those with pre‐existing disease. Despite the rapid development of monovalent pandemic vaccines, and the fast‐tracked approval process, these products were not available for large‐scale use until the end of the second wave of infection. Vaccine uptake was relatively low, both among children and health‐care workers. The monovalent pandemic vaccines and the 2010/2011 trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines were immunogenic and effective, and they probably reduced the impact of the third wave of infection. Vaccines containing novel adjuvants enabled antigen sparing, but safety concerns could limit the future use of these adjuvanted influenza vaccines in children. Public perceptions that the threat of the pandemic was exaggerated by the authorities, and concerns about vaccine safety, might prompt an inadequate response to the next influenza pandemic, potentially compromising public health.
Mewling and puking: Infantile gastroesophageal reflux in the 21st century
Authors: Forbes David 
Published: December 2012

AbstractInfantile gastroesophageal reflux is challenging because of the difficulties in differentiating normal developmental physiology from disease, the imprecision of diagnostic tests and the paucity of evidence‐based therapies for clinicians to implement. Careful clinical assessment is central to avoidance of inappropriate diagnosis and utilisation of ineffective or dangerous therapies, and at the same time, identification of those infants who warrant intervention.
Brain abscess in a recent immigrant
Authors: Britton Philip N , Chaseling Raymond 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA 7‐year‐old boy who has recently immigrated from India presented with two episodes of focal seizure over a 3‐month period. A cranial magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a ring‐enhancing lesion in his cerebral cortex. He was diagnosed with a pyogenic brain abscess following resection of the lesion and also had positive serology to Taenia solium (which causes neurocysticercosis). We briefly review these two diseases and discuss the important diagnostic issues.
Long‐term oral administration of melatonin improves spatial learning and memory and protects against cholinergic degeneration in middle‐aged Ts65Dn mice, a model of Down syndrome
Authors: Corrales Andrea , Martínez Paula , García Susana , Vidal Verónica , García Eva , Flórez Jesús , Sanchez‐Barceló Emilio J. , Martínez‐Cué Carmen , Rueda Noemí 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTs65Dn mice (TS), the most commonly used model of Down syndrome (DS), exhibit phenotypic characteristics of this condition. Both TS mice and DS individuals present cognitive disturbances, age‐related cholinergic degeneration, and increased brain expression of β‐amyloid precursor protein (AβPP). These neurodegenerative processes may contribute to the progressive cognitive decline observed in DS. Melatonin is a pineal indoleamine that has been reported to reduce neurodegenerative processes and improve cognitive deficits in various animal models. In this study, we evaluated the potentially beneficial effects of long‐term melatonin treatment on the cognitive deficits, cholinergic degeneration, and enhanced AβPP and β‐amyloid levels of TS mice. Melatonin was administered for 5 months to 5‐ to 6‐month‐old TS and control (CO) mice. Melatonin treatment improved spatial learning and memory and increased the number of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)‐positive cells in the medial septum of both TS and CO mice. However, melatonin treatment did not significantly reduce AβPP or β‐amyloid levels in the cortex or the hippocampus of TS mice. Melatonin administration did reduce anxiety in TS mice without inducing sensorimotor alterations, indicating that prolonged treatment with this indoleamine is devoid of noncognitive behavioral side effects (e.g., motor coordination, sensorimotor abilities, or spontaneous activity). Our results suggest that melatonin administration might improve the cognitive abilities of both TS and CO mice, at least partially, by reducing the age‐related degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Thus, chronic melatonin supplementation may be an effective treatment for delaying the age‐related progression of cognitive deterioration found in DS.
Attitudes Toward Including Students With Intellectual Disabilities at College
Authors: Griffin Megan M. , Summer Allison H. , McMillan Elise D. , Day Tammy L. , Hodapp Robert M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAlthough inclusive postsecondary education programs are increasingly available, little is known about the attitudes of matriculating college students toward the inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities in their classes. To assess these attitudes, the authors surveyed 256 college students about their attitudes toward students with intellectual disabilities and their inclusion in college classes. Overall, the college students reported positive attitudes. They noted that female students and those with higher comfort levels perceived the abilities of people with intellectual disabilities as higher, thought more benefits were associated with their inclusion, and were more willing to interact with them on campus. The authors concluded that these findings offer evidence of the social acceptability of inclusive postsecondary education programs among the general population of college students and the viability of such programs as an inclusive transition option for students with intellectual disabilities.
Creating Effective Mentoring Partnerships for Students With Intellectual Disabilities on Campus
Authors: Jones Melissa M. , Goble Zach 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMentoring of students with intellectual disabilities (ID) in postsecondary education settings can be a beneficial support to enhancing their educational and social experiences. The authors report on a mentoring program undertaken at one regional American university and the qualitative research study they engaged in to determine what made the mentoring program effective and how the current program should evolve. Data were collected via focus group discussions involving the mentoring partners (college students both with and without disabilities), professors, parents, and a staff member from the disability services office. The study identified several key components for creating and improving effective mentoring partnerships on a university campus. These include (1) providing mentoring orientations and faculty training; (2) developing effective systems for communicating and collaborating across stakeholders; (3) promoting the establishment of co‐equal relationships among mentoring partners; (4) maintaining high expectations for students with ID; (5) using mentors as resources to professors and establishing natural supports in the college classroom; (6) encouraging independence; (7) prioritizing fun and socializing; and (8) staying focused on the big picture of inclusion. The authors concluded that the study provided insight into the strengths of effective mentoring support programs while simultaneously placing a spotlight on potential challenges and drawbacks.
An Investigation of Attitude Change in Inclusive College Classes Including Young Adults With an Intellectual Disability
Authors: May Cynthia 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPostsecondary education programs for students with an intellectual disability are expanding, and an emerging question concerns the impact of these programs on campus communities. The author examined changes in attitudes toward diversity among peers without disabilities who participated in an inclusive college course that had students with an intellectual disability. The Miville‐Guzman Universality‐Diversity Scale (M‐GUDS) was administered to college students enrolled in either inclusive or noninclusive college classes. M‐GUDS scores did not differ between groups at the start of the semester, but students enrolled in inclusive courses showed significantly greater openness to diversity at the end of the semester. Findings suggest that inclusive college programs that enroll both students with and without an intellectual disability in regular college courses may foster positive attitudes about acceptance and diversity among students without such a disability.
Going (More) Public: Institutional Isomorphism and Ownership Reform among Chinese Firms
Authors: Haveman Heather A. , Wang Yongxiang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPublicly traded Chinese firms recently reformed their ownership structures by converting non-tradable shares, which constituted two-thirds of shares outstanding and were held largely by the state, into shares that could trade on domestic exchanges. To facilitate this reform, tradable shareholders were compensated with stock grants from non-tradable shareholders. Our analysis focuses on the level of compensation, thecompensation ratio, the ratio of new tradable shares granted to tradable shares outstanding before the reform. Contrary to the predictions of asset-pricing models, most firms set the compensation ratio around 0.3. We explain this surprising convergence using institutional theory. In doing so, we analyze the power and interests of all relevant actors – not just owners, but also state regulators, executives, and other agents — and draw on insights from resource-dependence and agency theories. We find strong evidence of coercive and mimetic isomorphism, but no evidence of normative isomorphism. Because our dependent variable is continuous (a ratio), we are able to show that the mimetic effects we observe cannot be attributed to coercion or norms. Thus, we not only explain an empirical puzzle, we also advance institutional analysis of isomorphism by clearly distinguishing three isomorphic forces that have been conflated in much previous research.
The Implicit Apophaticism of Dada Zurich: A Spiritual Quest by Means of Nihilist Procedures
Authors: Aldea Leonard 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe present article focuses on the intrinsic theological intuitions of the Avant‐garde. More to the point, the article is built around the key representatives of Dada Zurich and the relationship between their art and the concept of Byzantine apophaticism in an attempt to argue that the apparently anarchist movement can and should be interpreted in this theological key. Mostly due to a confusing understanding of nihilism and apophaticism, previous scholarship has generally linked Dada with nihilism, in spite of the anti‐nihilist essence of the central Dada ideals, such as man's spiritual freedom, the total work of art (Gesamtkunstwerk) and the positive use of otherwise anarchist techniques, such as chance and de‐contextualisation. Methodologically, the article investigates each of these concepts from an apophatic perspective; thus, it focuses, respectively, on the deeply anthropologic interest of the Dadaists, their use of chance as an apophatic creative force, and on de‐contextualization as a key to understanding Dada spiritual concern with primitive art. Overall, this is a theological analysis of the early Dada artists in Zurich, aiming to underline the principles of their deeply apophatic manner of understanding and creating art.
Possession and Dispossession: Wittgenstein, Cavell, and Gregory of Nyssa on Life Amidst Skepticism
Authors: Carnes Natalie 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article follows Ludwig Wittgenstein, Stanley Cavell, and Gregory of Nyssa in a journey of epistemic dispossession. It begins by tracing two ways of wandering off this trail, two epistemological sirens that tempt wayfarers from a path of epistemic dispossession. These are skepticism and anti‐skepticism, elaborated by Wittgenstein and Cavell as joined in their enthronement of epistemically‐anchored certainty. Following Wittgenstein and Cavell into an exploration of the forms of life and death that sustain and are sustained by grasping at such certainty, this article yet identifies two sources of un‐peace in their projects. One is an ill‐confessed threat that looms over their work, and the other is the inhuman difficulty of resisting the skeptical temptations of isolation and domination after this threat is named. It is the threat of death, which becomes, under the skeptic's anxiety, the threat of murder. That is, the skeptic denies finitude in such a way that he refuses to come to terms with the way that death attends life, and such refusal introduces as a skeptical temptation the further threat of murder. The difficulty of resisting skeptical temptations rides on the incompleteness of (merely) epistemic dispossession, which will always undo itself unless deepened into a more radical form of dispossession. Such forms of dispossession are suggested by Cavell and perfected in Gregory's descriptions of his sister Macrina. Macrina illumines epistemic dispossession as a form of love that refuses certain relationships to property. Yielding a vision for how dispossession might meet the threat of murderousness, Macrina's life thus interprets relationships of property, love, and death that complete epistemic dispossession.
Figuring the Porous Self: St. Augustine and the Phenomenology of Temporality
Authors: Rivera Joseph 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article examines the phenomenological structures of the homo temporalis filtered through Augustine's illuminating, if unsystematic, insights on temporality and the imago Dei. It situates such a phenomenological interpretation of the Augustinian self in view of current interpretations that polarize or split the Augustinian self into an either/or scheme—either an “interior” self or an “exterior” self. Given this imbalance, the article suggests that a phenomenological evaluation of Augustine brings to light how interior and exterior spheres are deeply integrated. The article elaborates this position by contending that the self's temporal streaming within the exterior world‐horizon is inescapable because it reflects basic constituents of a self created by God which is nevertheless capable of contemplating a God who transcends time. This seeming paradox is resolved by recourse to what is described as the “double entry” of the self. The temporal streaming of the self in the world‐horizon (entry one) is porous to the eternal inwardly (entry two); the eternal entry is thus interior and analyzable in terms of a non‐reflective self‐awareness on display in Augustine's De Trinitate; and finally Augustine's understanding of the temporality of faith indicates how the self of faith can be lived in light of Heidegger's emphasis on the future and Husserl's emphasis on the past.
Henri de Lubac's Genealogy of Modern Exegesis and Nicholas of Lyra's Literal Sense of Scripture
Authors: McDermott Ryan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAccording to Henri de Lubac's history of medieval exegesis, the fourteenth century marked the tipping point for the disintegration of history and allegory. The Postilla super totam bibliam of the Franciscan Nicholas of Lyra (1270–1349) plays a prominent role in this declension narrative by ceding the “spirit” of interpretation to the separate discipline of theology, and opening the space for critical biblical studies to attain autonomy. But what if Nicholas of Lyra was on the other side of this history? Arguing from the layout of early Postilla manuscripts and the institutional and manuscript culture of the fourteenth century, this article proposes that Nicholas's Postilla represents a vigorous and largely successful attempt to reintegrate Biblical text, historical scholarship, and theological exegesis. Nicholas's approach to the exegetical crises of his own day helps us to reassess the challenges and possibilities of theological exegesis today.
Renal services disaster planning: Lessons learnt from the 2011 Queensland floods and North Queensland cyclone experiences
Authors: Johnson David W , Hayes Bronwyn , Gray Nicholas A , Hawley Carmel , Hole Janet , Mantha Murty 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn 2011, Queensland dialysis services experienced two unprecedented natural disasters within weeks of each other. Floods in south‐east Queensland and Tropical Cyclone Yasi in North Queensland caused widespread flooding, property damage and affected the provision of dialysis services, leading to Australia's largest evacuation of dialysis patients. This paper details the responses to the disasters and examines what worked and what lessons were learnt. Recommendations are made for dialysis units in relation to disaster preparedness, response and recovery.
Visualization of spinal afferent innervation in the mouse colon by AAV8‐mediated GFP expression
Authors: Schuster D. J. , Dykstra J. A. , Riedl M. S. , Kitto K. F. , Honda C. N. , McIvor R. S. , Fairbanks C. A. , Vulchanova L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground  Primary afferent neurons whose cell bodies reside in thoracolumbar and lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) innervate colon and transmit sensory signals from colon to spinal cord under normal conditions and conditions of visceral hypersensitivity. Histologically, these extrinsic afferents cannot be differentiated from intrinsic fibers of enteric neurons because all known markers label neurons of both populations. Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors are capable of transducing DRG neurons after intrathecal administration. We hypothesized that AAV‐driven overexpression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in DRG would enable visualization of extrinsic spinal afferents in colon separately from enteric neurons.Methods  Recombinant AAV serotype 8 (rAAV8) vector carrying the GFP gene was delivered via direct lumbar puncture. Green fluorescent protein labeling in DRG and colon was examined using immunohistochemistry.Key Results  Analysis of colon from rAAV8‐GFP‐treated mice demonstrated GFP‐immunoreactivity (GFP‐ir) within mesenteric nerves, smooth muscle layers, myenteric plexus, submucosa, and mucosa, but not in cell bodies of enteric neurons. Notably, GFP‐ir colocalized with CGRP and TRPV1 in mucosa, myenteric plexus, and globular‐like clusters surrounding nuclei within myenteric ganglia. In addition, GFP‐positive fibers were observed in close association with blood vessels of mucosa and submucosa. Analysis of GFP‐ir in thoracolumbar and lumbosacral DRG revealed that levels of expression in colon and L6 DRG appeared to be related.Conclusions & Inferences  These results demonstrate the feasibility of gene transfer to mouse colonic spinal sensory neurons using intrathecal delivery of AAV vectors and the utility of this approach for histological analysis of spinal afferent nerve fibers within colon.
A specialized ABC efflux transporter GcABC‐G1 confers monoterpene resistance to Grosmannia clavigera, a bark beetle‐associated fungal pathogen of pine trees
Authors: Wang Ye , Lim Lynette , DiGuistini Scott , Robertson Gordon , Bohlmann Jörg , Breuil Colette 
Published: December 2012

Summary

Grosmannia clavigera is a bark beetle‐vectored pine pathogen in the mountain pine beetle epidemic in western North America. Grosmannia clavigera colonizes pines despite the trees' massive oleoresin terpenoid defences. We are using a functional genomics approach to identify G. clavigera's mechanisms of adaptation to pine defences.

We annotated the ABC transporters in the G. clavigera genome and generated RNA‐seq transcriptomes from G. clavigera grown with a range of terpenes. We functionally characterized GcABC‐G1, a pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporter that was highly induced by terpenes, using qRT‐PCR, gene knock‐out and heterologous expression in yeast.

Deleting GcABC‐G1 increased G. clavigera's sensitivity to monoterpenes and delayed development of symptoms in inoculated young lodgepole pine trees. Heterologous expression of GcABC‐G1 in yeast increased tolerance to monoterpenes. G. clavigera but not the deletion mutant, can use (+)‐limonene as a carbon source. Phylogenetic analysis placed GcABC‐G1 outside the ascomycete PDR transporter clades.

G. clavigera appears to have evolved two mechanisms to survive and grow when exposed to monoterpenes: GcABC‐G1 controls monoterpene levels within the fungal cells and G. clavigera uses monoterpenes as a carbon source. This work has implications for understanding adaptation to host defences in an important forest insect–fungal system, and potentially for metabolic engineering of terpenoid production in yeast.