bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Live‐Cell Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging of Alkyne‐Tagged Biomolecules
Authors: Hong Senlian , Chen Tao , Zhu Yuntao , Li Ang , Huang Yanyi , Chen Xing 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAlkynes can be metabolically incorporated into biomolecules including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and glycans. In addition to the clickable chemical reactivity, alkynes possess a unique Raman scattering within the Raman‐silent region of a cell. Coupling this spectroscopic signature with Raman microscopy yields a new imaging modality beyond fluorescence and label‐free microscopies. The bioorthogonal Raman imaging of various biomolecules tagged with an alkyne by a state‐of‐the‐art Raman imaging technique, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, is reported. This imaging method affords non‐invasiveness, high sensitivity, and molecular specificity and therefore should find broad applications in live‐cell imaging.
All‐Nitrogen Analogue of Ozone: Li3N3 Species
Authors: Olson Jared K. , Ivanov Alexander S. , Boldyrev Alexander I. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA theoretical study of ozone isoelectronic Li3N3 species has been performed. Ab initio electronic structure calculations prove the viability of the ozone‐like Li3N3 molecule that might become synthesized. The predicted Li3N3 species with a novel N33− molecular motif possess structural and chemical bonding features similar to that of O3 molecules and can thus be considered as an “all‐nitrogen ozone”.
Investigation of a Vitamin B12 Conjugate as a PET Imaging Probe
Authors: Ikotun Oluwatayo F. , Marquez Bernadette V. , Fazen Christopher H. , Kahkoska Anna R. , Doyle Robert P. , Lapi Suzanne E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNutrient demand is a fundamental characteristic of rapidly proliferating cells. Vitamin B12 is vital for cell proliferation; thus neoplastic cells have an increased demand for this essential nutrient. In this study we exploited the vitamin B12 uptake pathway to probe the nutritional demand of proliferating cells with a radiolabeled B12 derivative in various preclinical tumor models. We describe the synthesis and biological evaluations of copper‐64‐labeled B12–ethylenediamine–benzyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane‐N,N′,N′′‐triacetic acid (B12‐en‐Bn‐NOTA‐64Cu), the first example of a B12 derivative for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Small‐animal imaging and pharmacological evaluation show high tumor uptake ranging from 2.20 to 4.84 % ID g−1 at 6 h post‐administration. Competition studies with excess native B12 resulted in a 95 % decrease in tumor accumulation, indicating the specificity of this radiopharmaceutical for B12 endocytotic transport proteins. These results show that a vitamin B12 PET radiopharmaceutical has potential utility for non‐invasive imaging of enhanced nutrient demand in proliferating cells.
Dual inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway: A phase 1 trial evaluating bevacizumab and AZD2171 (cediranib) in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Hong David S. , Garrido‐Laguna Ignacio , Ekmekcioglu Suhendan , Falchook Gerald S. , Naing Aung , Wheler Jennifer J. , Fu Siqing , Moulder Stacy L. , Piha‐Paul Sarina , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Wen YueJin , Culotta Kirk S. , Anderes Kenna , Davis Darren W. , Liu Wen , George Goldy C. , Camacho Luis H. , Percy Ivy Susan , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to evaluate the safety and biological activity of dual inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway with combined bevacizumab and cediranib (a VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor).METHODSThis was a 3 + 3 dose escalation study in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cediranib was given orally daily for 21 days and bevacizumab intravenously every 2 weeks. Pharmacokinetics and correlates (nitric oxide synthase, nitrate oxide, and circulating tumor cells) were assessed.RESULTSFifty‐one patients were treated. Dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) (grade 3‐4; graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events [version 3.0]) observed included 1 patient with chest pain, 1 patient with fatigue, 2 patients with thrombocytopenia, 3 patients with hypertension (1 with intracranial hemorrhage), and 1 patient with grade 5 hemoptysis. Moreover, 2 patients presented with grade 3 intracranial bleeding beyond the DLT window. Dose level 2 (cediranib at a dose of 20 mg/day and bevacizumab at a dose of 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks) was selected as the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D); 17 patients were treated at dose level 2 with 1 DLT and no intracranial bleeding or severe hypertension reported. Pharmacokinetics of cediranib at dose level 3 demonstrated a 46% to 77% increase in area under the curve (0‐24 hours) on cycle 1 day 1 compared with historical controls. Four patients attained partial remissions: inflammatory breast cancer (‐54%), basal cell carcinoma (‐33%), alveolar soft part sarcoma (‐33%), and synovial sarcoma (‐32%). Patients with a lower circulating tumor cell count (< 30) at the predose period had a longer time to tumor progression (P = .024, log‐rank test).CONCLUSIONSCediranib at a dose of 20 mg/day and bevacizumab at a dose of 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks was found to be the RP2D. Activity in several tumor types was noted. Central nervous system bleeding and severe hypertension were observed at doses above the RP2D. Cancer 2014;120:2164–2173. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Hierarchical deep belief networks based point process model for keywords spotting in continuous speech
Authors: Wang Yi , Yang Jun‐an , Lu Jun , Liu Hui , Wang Lun‐wu 
Published: April 2014

SummaryPoint process model keyword spotting (KWS) system has attracted considerable attentions in the areas of keyword spotting by its capacity that can generalize from a relatively small numbers of training examples. But unfortunately, the accuracy level of the point process model is not comparable with the state‐of‐the‐art KWS systems because of the poor modeling capacity of the phoneme detector, which are based on Gaussian Mixture Models. In this paper, focus on improving the performance of detector in point process model, we propose an enhanced version of point process model, which is based on hierarchical deep belief networks (DBNs). Hierarchical DBNs are used as the phoneme detector in this system, and they combine the advantages of both the DBN and the hierarchical architecture for capturing complex statistical patterns in speech while overcoming the inherent flaws of conventional hidden Markov models and multilayer layer perceptron. Experiments results on TIMIT database show that the proposed method can yield 2% improvement. Furthermore, in the case when training examples are extremely limited, it can achieve better results over state‐of‐the‐art KWS systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strong selection on mandible and nest features in a carpenter bee that nests in two sympatric host plants
Authors: Flores‐Prado Luis , Pinto Carlos F. , Rojas Alejandra , Fontúrbel Francisco E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHost plants are used by herbivorous insects as feeding or nesting resources. In wood‐boring insects, host plants features may impose selective forces leading to phenotypic differentiation on traits related to nest construction. Carpenter bees build their nests in dead stems or dry twigs of shrubs and trees; thus, mandibles are essential for the nesting process, and the nest is required for egg laying and offspring survival. We explored the shape and intensity of natural selection on phenotypic variation on three size measures of the bees (intertegular width, wing length, and mandible area) and two nest architecture measures (tunnel length and diameter) on bees using the native species Chusquea quila (Poaceae), and the alloctonous species Rubus ulmifolius (Rosaceae), in central Chile. Our results showed significant and positive linear selection gradients for tunnel length on both hosts, indicating that bees building long nests have more offspring. Bees with broader mandibles show greater fitness on C. quila but not on R. ulmifolius. Considering that C. quila represents a selective force on mandible area, we hypothesized a high adaptive value of this trait, resulting in higher fitness values when nesting on this host, despite its wood is denser and hence more difficult to be bored.
Impaired hippocampus‐dependent spatial flexibility and sociability represent autism‐like phenotypes in GluK2 mice
Authors: Micheau Jacques , Vimeney Alice , Normand Elisabeth , Mulle Christophe , Riedel Gernot 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTAutism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with high heritability. grik2 (which encodes the GluK2 subunit of kainate receptors) has been identified as a susceptibility gene in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but its role in the core and associated symptoms of ASD still remains elusive. We used mice lacking GluK2 (GluK2 KO) to examine their endophenotype with a view to modeling aspects of autism, including social deficits, stereotyped and repetitive behavior and decreased cognitive abilities. Anxiety was recorded in the elevated plus maze, social behavior in a three‐chamber apparatus, and cognition in different water maze protocols. Deletion of the GluK2 gene reduced locomotor activity and sociability as indicated by the social interaction task. In addition, GluK2 KO mice learnt to locate a hidden platform in a water maze surrounded by a curtain with hanging cues faster than wild‐type mice. They maintained a bias toward the target quadrant when some of these cues were removed, at which point wild‐types orthogonalized the behavior and showed no memory. However, GluK2 KO mice were impaired in spatial reversal learning. These behavioral data together with previously published electrophysiology showing severe anomalies in CA3 network activity, suggest a computational shift in this network for enhanced propensity of pattern completion that would explain the loss of behavioral flexibility in GluK2 KO mice. Although a single mutation cannot recapitulate the entire core symptoms of ASD, our data provide evidence for glutamatergic dysfunction underlying a number of social‐ and cognition‐related phenotypes relevant to ASD. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characteristics in streamflow and extremes in the Tarim River, China: trends, distribution and climate linkage
Authors: Wang Huaijun , Chen Yaning , Li Weihong 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTUsing long‐term daily streamflow records from the headwaters of the Tarim River Basin in northwestern China, the mean seasonal streamflow and extremes (1‐day maximum and minimum flows) are analysed. The aim is to assess possible changes in trends, return periods and teleconnections to selected climate indices such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Arctic Oscillation (AO), the multivariate El Nino–Southern Oscillation index (MEI), the Tibetan Plateau High (XZH), the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex area (VPA), the Asian zonal index (AZI) and the Siberian High intensity index (SHI). The Mann–Kendall test is used to investigate instances where significant positive trends are observed in all hydrological indices, especially in winter. From 1990 onwards, a significant wavelet power spectrum of annual and seasonal flow was observed at 1–5 year periods in the Aksu River. Correlation analysis and wavelet coherence analysis were employed between selected climate indices with respect to seasonal streamflow means and extremes. Maximum changes in correlation strengths were observed in hydrological indices with VPA. The winter AO and NAO also showed significant influence on streamflow means and extremes. In addition, step change analysis was carried out using the Cumulative Sum Control Chart (CUSUM) test, the results suggesting that step change points were observed towards the end of the 1980s and in the early 1990s. The teleconnection between climate indices and streamflow and extremes can be utilized in a model to predict the probability of hydrological indices in the Tarim River.
Electrical impedance myography for the in vivo and ex vivo assessment of muscular dystrophy (mdx) mouse muscle
Authors: Li Jia , Geisbush Tom R. , Rosen Glenn D. , Lachey Jennifer , Mulivor Aaron , Rutkove Seward B. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIntroduction: Sensitive, non‐invasive techniques are needed that can provide biomarkers of disease status and the effects of therapy in muscular dystrophy. Methods: We evaluated electrical impedance myography (EIM) to serve in this role by studying 2‐month‐old and 18‐month‐old mdx and wild‐type (WT) animals (10 animals in each of 4 groups). Results: Marked differences were observed in EIM values between mdx and WT animals; the differences were more pronounced between the older age groups (e.g., reactance of 92.6 ±4.3 Ω for mdx animals vs. 130 ± 4.1 Ω for WT animals, P < 0.001). In addition, in vivo EIM parameters correlated significantly with the extent of connective tissue deposition in the mdx animals. Conclusions: EIM has the potential to serve as a valuable non‐invasive method for evaluating muscular dystrophy. It can be a useful biomarker to assist with therapeutic testing in both pre‐clinical and clinical studies. Muscle Nerve 49: 829–835, 2014
Running repeatable and controlled virtual routing experiments
Authors: Abeni Luca , Kiraly Csaba 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis paper describes an approach to perform reproducible performance tests on virtual routers, comparing different virtual routing architectures, different software versions and configurations. The presented approach is based on VRKit, a software tool that allows to build pre‐configured bootable virtual router images with the desired characteristics. Design decisions are described, and some usage examples are presented, showing how the tool can be used for research on virtual routing, facilitating performance comparison of various virtual router implementations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PrimerSeq: Design and Visualization of RT-PCR Primers for Alternative Splicing Using RNA-Seq Data
Authors: Tokheim Collin , Park Juw Won , Xing Yi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The vast majority of multi-exon genes in higher eukaryotes are alternatively spliced and changes in alternative splicing (AS) can impact gene function or cause disease. High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has become a powerful technology for transcriptome-wide analysis of AS, but RT-PCR still remains the gold-standard approach for quantifying and validating exon splicing levels. We have developed PrimerSeq, a user-friendly software for systematic design and visualization of RT-PCR primers using RNA-seq data. PrimerSeq incorporates user-provided transcriptome profiles (i.e., RNA-seq data) in the design process, and is particularly useful for large-scale quantitative analysis of AS events discovered from RNA-seq experiments. PrimerSeq features a graphical user interface (GUI) that displays the RNA-seq data juxtaposed with the expected RT-PCR results. To enable primer design and visualization on user-provided RNA-seq data and transcript annotations, we have developed PrimerSeq as a stand-alone software that runs on local computers. PrimerSeq is freely available for Windows and Mac OS X along with source code at http://primerseq.sourceforge.net/. With the growing popularity of RNA-seq for transcriptome studies, we expect PrimerSeq to help bridge the gap between high-throughput RNA-seq discovery of AS events and molecular analysis of candidate events by RT-PCR.
Effects of Productive Activities with Reminiscence in Occupational Therapy for People with Dementia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study*
Authors: Nakamae Toshimichi , Yotsumoto Kayano , Tatsumi Eri , Hashimoto Takeshi 
Published: April 2014

Objective/Background Although a number of studies have considered the effects of reminiscence therapy, none have examined whether a therapy that combines reminiscence with productive activity has a beneficial effect on elderly dementia patients. This study tests our hypothesis that productive activities with reminiscence in occupational therapy (PAROT) can alleviate depressive symptoms and improve task performance of elderly dementia patients. Methods Thirty-six patients with dementia were randomly divided into two groups, namely, an intervention group (n = 17) and a control group (n = 19). The intervention group had six activity sessions (making rice balls and cakes; one session/week) while reminiscing about the activity. Measurements were performed using the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES), Vitality Index, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The performance of the patients was assessed based on photographs of the products after the first and sixth sessions. Results Six patients dropped out while the study was in progress, thus leaving 15 patients in the intervention group and 15 patients in the control group. The scores of depression symptoms in CSDD and MOSES were significantly improved for the intervention group, while within-group comparison showed no significant differences in CSDD, MOSES, or MMSE total scores. In terms of task performance, 88% of the patients in the intervention group, including two patients with severe dementia, showed significant improvement in making the product. Conclusion Our study suggests that PAROT may alleviate depressive symptoms and improve the task performance of elderly people with dementia.
Effects of product type and contextual cues on eliciting naive theories of popularity and exclusivity
Authors: Steinhart Yael , Kamins Michael , Mazursky David , Noy Avraham 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis research shows in a series of studies that exposing consumers to functional products evokes the naive theory of popularity, whereas exposing them to self‐expressive products induces belief in the naive theory of exclusivity. The research further demonstrates that when the naive theory elicited by product type is matched by the appropriate contextual purchasing cues regarding the interest of others, it results in greater purchase intentions than when those cues are mismatched. The research specifies that the matching effect for functional products is mediated by consumers' perceptions of product quality, whereas mediation for self‐expressive products occurs through consumers' self‐perceptions regarding the extent to which the product conveys uniqueness. Finally, the research illustrates that an explicit signal of product quality (e.g., a favorable rating in Consumer Reports) attenuates the effect associated with the contextual cues regarding the interest of others.
Combined estrogen replacement therapy on metabolic control in postmenopausal women with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Xu Youhua , Lin Jing , Wang Shanshan , Xiong Jianfeng , Zhu Quan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the incidence of diabetes is higher when women come to menopause. This study was carried out to examine the effects of combined estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on diabetes in postmenopausal women. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for English‐language articles published between January 1997 and June 2011. Studies that examined ERT on the incidence of diabetes and randomized clinical trials that evaluated combined ERT (estrogen plus progesterone) on diabetic indices in postmenopausal women were included. Pooled relative risks were calculated using a random‐ or a fixed‐effects model. Sixteen studies comprising 17,971 cases were included. Based on the pooled data, ERT significantly reduced the incidence of diabetes [odds ratio (OR), 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55–0.68, ERT past/current/continuous use vs. never use; OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.51–0.65, ERT current/continuous use vs. past/never use]. Women with combined ERT have significantly lower levels of fasting plasma glucose (mean difference, –1.41 mM/L; 95% CI, –2.49 to −0.33 mM/L) and HbA1c (mean difference, –0.73%; 95% CI, from −1.28 to −0.18%) compared with placebo. Furthermore, combined ERT dramatically reduced plasma total cholesterol (mean difference, –0.34 mM/L; 95% CI, from −0.53 to −0.15 mM/L) and low‐density lipoprotein (mean difference, –0.43 mM/L; 95% CI, from −0.71 to −0.14 mM/L) but slightly increased high‐density lipoprotein (mean difference, 0.02 mM/L; 95% CI, from −0.07 to 0.12 mM/L) levels as compared with placebo control. This systemic review and meta‐analysis provides evidence that postmenopausal women taking low‐dose combined ERT have a decreased risk of developing diabetes and have better diabetic control.
Hassallidins, antifungal glycolipopeptides, are widespread among cyanobacteria and are the end-product of a nonribosomal pathway
Authors: Vestola Johanna , Shishido Tania K. , Jokela Jouni , Fewer David P. , Aitio Olli , Permi Perttu , Wahlsten Matti , Wang Hao , Rouhiainen Leo , Sivonen Kaarina 
Published: April 2014

Significance
New antifungal compounds are needed due to an increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections and resistance to many currently used drugs. Here we show that cyanobacteria are a rich source of antifungal compounds such as glycosylated lipopeptides, called hassallidins, which are commonly produced by filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. A diverse group of hassallidins and their complex nonribosomal biosynthesis were characterized in detail. Hassallidins and their previously unidentified biosynthetic enzymes offer new material for drug development. In addition, these compounds may have an ecological role in protecting cyanobacteria from parasitic fungi.
Cannabis Withdrawal in Patients with and without Opioid Dependence
Authors: Chauchard Emeline , Goncharov Oleg , Krupitsky Evgeny , Gorelick David A. 
Published: April 2014

Background Cannabis use is common among opioid-dependent individuals, but little is known about cannabis withdrawal in this population. Methods Thirty inpatients (57% men) completed the Marijuana Quit Questionnaire (MJQQ) after completing acute heroin detoxification treatment in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The MJQQ collected data on motivations for quitting, withdrawal symptoms, and coping strategies used to help maintain abstinence during their most “serious” (self-defined) quit attempt made without formal treatment outside a controlled environment. Results At the start of their quit attempt, 70% of participants smoked cannabis at least weekly (40% daily), averaging [SD] 2.73 [1.95] joints daily; 60% were heroin dependent. Subjects with heroin dependence were significantly older at the start of their quit attempt (22.9 [3.6] vs. 19.1 [2.9] years), were significantly less likely to report withdrawal irritability/anger/aggression (22% vs. 58%), restlessness (0% vs. 25%), or physical symptoms (6% vs. 33%), or to meet diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition) cannabis withdrawal syndrome (6% vs. 33%), and had shorter duration of abstinence (29.6 [28.7] vs 73.7 [44.1] months) than those without heroin dependence. Conclusion Cannabis users with opioid dependence are less likely to experience cannabis withdrawal, suggesting that opiate use may prevent or mask the experience of cannabis withdrawal. Results should be considered preliminary due to small convenience sample and retrospective data.