bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissecting aortic aneurysm induced by N‐(2‐aminoethyl) ethanolamine in rat: Role of defective collagen during development
Authors: Xu Ya , Treumann Silke , Rossbacher Roland , Schneider Steffen , Boor Paul J. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundDissecting aortic aneurysm (DAA) is a tear in the wall of the aorta that causes blood to flow, or “dissect,” between the medial layers of the media.MethodsPregnant rats (dams) were treated with the industrial chemical n‐(2‐aminoethyl) ethanolamine (AEEA) by intraperitoneal injection or gavage. The histology and pathology of aorta in the thorax from newborn pups were examined. Aortas of fetuses of gestational day 20 from dams exposed to AEEA were harvested for immunohistochemical staining and native Western blot to study the changes of collagen type 1 and type 3 in aorta.ResultsDissecting aortic aneurysm of newborn rats was induced by treating with AEEA through intraperitoneal injection or gavage. The incidence of DAA reached 100% in live pups at the high dose by means of gavage of AEEA, but without lethality compared with intraperitoneal injection. A grading system for the dose‐response of DAA lesions associated with AEEA by gavage was established. Gestational day 20 fetuses from treated dams showed a decreased content and altered distribution of medial and adventitial collagen type 1 and 3 in aorta by immunohistochemistry; this decrease was confirmed by native Western blot.ConclusionThis in vivo model of spontaneous aortic dissection bears striking similarities histologically to human aortic dissection. As such, the model conceivably could contribute to elucidating the mechanisms of DAA formation and to exploring diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The pathogenesis of AEEA‐induced DAA may be related to defects in the normal developmental progression of collagen types 1 and 3 in the vascular wall. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:924–933, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of laparoscopic and open restorative proctocolectomy
Authors: White I , Jenkins J T , Coomber R , Clark S K , Phillips R K S , Kennedy R H 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
The literature on laparoscopic restorative proctectomy (RP) and proctocolectomy (RPC) is limited. This study compared clinical outcomes of laparoscopic RP and RPC with those of conventional open surgery at one centre.

Methods
Data were analysed from consecutive patients undergoing RPC and RP between November 2006 and November 2011. A standard laparoscopic technique was developed during the first 2 years, performed by two laparoscopic surgeons, with selection of patients who had not previously undergone open colectomy. Study endpoints included postoperative length of stay, 30-day morbidity, readmission, reoperation, pouch function and failure.

Results
A total of 207 patients were included; open surgery was performed in 131 (63·3 per cent) and a laparoscopic procedure in 76 (36·7 per cent). There were no significant differences in patient demographics. The conversion rate was 9 per cent (7 of 76). The median (i.q.r.) duration of operation was shorter for open than for laparoscopic procedures: 208 (178–255) versus 285 (255–325) min respectively (P &lt; 0·001). Laparoscopic RPC had a shorter length of stay: median (i.q.r.) 6 (4–8) versus 8 (7–12) days (P &lt; 0·001). The rate of minor complications was lower in the laparoscopic group (33 versus 50·4 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0·48, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·27 to 0·87). There were no significant differences in total complications (51 per cent after laparoscopy versus 61·5 per cent after open surgery; OR 0·66, 0·37 to 1·17), anastomotic leakage, major morbidity, 30-day readmission, reoperation and stoma closure rates. Pouch failure (including permanent stoma) occurred in 14 (7·7 per cent) of 181 patients. Three patients died, all in the open surgery group.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic RPC is feasible with some short-term advantages.
American Social Work Student Attitudes Towards Foster Youth Empowerment
Authors: Steen Julie A. , Buckey Julia W. 
Published: June 2014

This study was conducted to provide child welfare researchers and social work educators with a better understanding of social work student attitudes towards foster youth empowerment, a practice whereby the adolescent and workers in the foster care system share power with one another. In order to identify correlates of support for foster youth empowerment, American students across all levels of the undergraduate and graduate programmes within one school of social work were surveyed. Results indicated that support for foster youth empowerment was stronger among students who received specialised training in child abuse and neglect. In conclusion, support for foster youth empowerment may be more strongly cultivated by population‐specific material as opposed to the general social work curriculum. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘American students across all levels of the undergraduate and graduate programmes within one school of social work were surveyed’Key Practitioner MessagesA multiple regression model was constructed with the goal of identifying the variables that relate to social work student support for foster youth empowerment.In the multiple regression model, two variables, political party and training/education in child abuse and neglect, were significantly related to the dependent variable.Based on this study, the general social work curriculum does not appear to have as much impact on attitudes towards foster youth empowerment as population‐specific material.‘Two variables were significantly related to the dependent variable’
Eschewing Community: Black Metal
Authors: Venkatesh Vivek , Podoshen Jeffrey S. , Urbaniak Kathryn , Wallin Jason J. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThere is a great deal of literature that examines community orientations, in particular consumption‐based subcultures rooted in the appreciation of music scenes such as heavy metal and its subgenres. Much of this literature focuses on aspects of community maintenance, reaffirmation of shared identities and building of social bonds. In the present article, we report a study in which consumption of, and fandom in a specific scene in extreme metal, namely black metal, may lead to very unique consumer cultural orientations. Our analyses reveal that black metal fans' identities reside in a realm outside of a desired collective identification and tightly knit community, but rather one that uses signification, or representational means to convey meaning and belonging, as a way to signal repugnance with society and a reverence of individuality. The study engages a mixed qualitative approach utilizing interviews, observational research and content analysis to demonstrate how self‐identity related to the black metal music scene can thrive through an ideological and semiotic rejection of traditional community orientations seen in the majority of other extreme metal music scenes. This paper challenges traditional conceptualizations of group identity in music scenes by closely examining aspects of signification and fandom in black metal that represent a unique system of shared identities devoid of community building. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Who becomes more violent among Korean adolescents? Consequences of victimisation in school
Authors: Jeong Seokjin , Davis Jaya , Han Youngsun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundMainly Western studies suggest that bullying increases risk of subsequent offending. Less is known about risk of violence specifically. Very little such research is from Asia – none from Korea.AimThis study aimed to answer three research questions: Is being a victim of bullying in Korean schools associated with later perpetration of violent behaviour? Does type of bullying influence type of offending? Does school climate or parental control mediate this relationship?MethodJuvenile justice intake officers identified 606 young offenders who were asked to complete questionnaires about their school experience, school climate and parental supervision. We used multinomial logit model with maximum likelihood estimation to evaluate relationships between the variables of interest.ResultsOver half (310) of these young people had committed at least one violent offence. Seventy‐six (13%) reported having experienced emotional bullying at school and 31 (5%) physical bullying. Violent offending was over twice as likely as property offending to be associated with emotional bullying history (OR 2.38, CI 1.13–5.01), but three times less likely with physical bullying (OR 0.31, CI 0.11–0.87). In addition, parental control (but not school climate) increased the likelihood of violent offending or other delinquency by 15% (OR 1.14, CI 1.02–1.26; OR 1.16, CI 1.01–1.32, respectively).Conclusions/ImplicationsOur overarching finding of a relationship between childhood experience of bullying and later delinquency is in line with Western findings. Where, however, the latter are equivocal on risk of later violence perpetration, we found that being emotionally bullied raises the risk of becoming violent. Our findings also underscore the importance of having studies from a range of cultures. Predictions from Western studies would be that parental control would be protective and school climate a potential risk factor for later violence, but, in Korea, where parenting styles tend to be highly authoritarian, we found differently. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Structure Models of Asphaltene in Crude and Upgraded Bio‐Oil
Authors: Xu Qingli , Zhang Zhikai , Zhang Suping , Wang Fu , Yan Yongjie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe average molecular formula of asphaltene was calculated from the main functional groups of asphaltene determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the average molecular weight found by gel filtration chromatography, and values of ultimate analysis. A series of average structure parameters were determined by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectrum integrals, followed by establishing the structure models of asphaltene according to the Brown‐Ladner method. Reduction of molecular weight of asphaltene was observed after bio‐oil upgrading, and the oxygen‐containing functional groups were apparently less than that of crude bio‐oil while the number of aromatic rings was increased. The upgraded bio‐oil had a lower molecular weight, lower oxygen content, and higher aromaticity compared with crude bio‐oil.
Comparison of Large‐Scale Production Methods of Fe2O3/Al2O3 Oxygen Carriers for Chemical‐Looping Combustion
Authors: Guo Lei , Zhao Hai‐bo , Ma Jin‐chen , Mei Dao‐feng , Zheng Chu‐guang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOxygen carrier (OC) particles for chemical‐looping combustion (CLC) may be produced in large scale by a number of methods such as freeze granulation, spray drying, impregnation, and mechanical mixing methods. To select the most appropriate technology for large‐scale preparation, the four preparation methods were adopted to prepare Fe2O3/Al2O3 OCs and compared with each other in terms of productivity, preparation period, physical and chemical characterization, and reactivity in CLC of lignite. Freeze granulation and spray drying methods were found to be more suitable for large‐scale production of OCs for CLC. The results of the comparative studies may provide guidelines for selecting appropriate methods for preparing OCs on industrial scale.
Temporal trends in population‐based death rates associated with chronic liver disease and liver cancer in the United States over the last 30 years
Authors: Kim Yuhree , Ejaz Aslam , Tayal Amit , Spolverato Gaya , Bridges John F. P. , Anders Robert A. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDThe health and economic burden from liver disease in the United States is substantial and rising. The objective of this study was to characterize temporal trends in mortality from chronic liver disease and liver cancer and the incidence of associated risk factors using population‐based data over the past 30 years.METHODSPopulation‐based mortality data were obtained from the National Vital Statistics System, and population estimates were derived from the national census for US adults (aged >45 years). Crude death rates (CDRs), age‐adjusted death rates (ADRs), and average annual percentage change (AAPC) statistics were calculated.RESULTSIn total, 690,414 deaths (1.1%) were attributable to chronic liver disease, whereas 331,393 deaths (0.5%) were attributable to liver cancer between 1981 and 2010. The incidence of liver cancer was estimated at 7.1 cases per 100,000 population. Mortality rates from chronic liver disease and liver cancer increased substantially over the past 3 decades, with ADRs of 23.7 and 16.6 per 100,000 population in 2010, respectively. The AAPC from 2006 to 2010 demonstrated an increased ADR for chronic liver disease (AAPC, 1.5%; 95% confidence interval, 0.3%‐2.8%) and liver cancer (AAPC, 2.6%; 95% confidence interval, 2.4%‐2.7%).CONCLUSIONSA comprehensive approach that involves primary and secondary prevention, increased access to treatment, and more funding for liver‐related research is needed to address the high death rates associated with chronic liver disease and liver cancer in the United States. Cancer 2014;120:3058–3065. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Application of Transition‐Metal Complexes in Cyclohexane Oxidation: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Copper and Nickel Complexes with a Pincer N‐Heterocyclic Ligand
Authors: Xing Na , Xu Li Ting , Liu Xin , Wu Qiong , Ma Xi Tong , Xing Yong Heng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA series of coordination complexes, [CuCl2(H2L)] (1), [Ni(HL)2]⋅4 CH3CH2OH (2), [Cu(H2L)(dipic)]⋅0.5 HOCH2CH2OH⋅ 2 H2O (3), and [Ni(H2L)(dipic)]⋅0.5  HOCH2CH2OH⋅2 H2O (4) (H2L=2,6‐di(5‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine, H2dipic=2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid) are synthesized from bipyrazolyl derivative ligands. All of the complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Structural analyses reveal that the H2L ligand in complexes 1–4 connects with one metal center in a tridentate manner. In addition, these complexes are potential catalysts in cyclohexane (Cy) oxidation with an acidic mixture of HCl and lactic acid. A putative mechanism for Cy oxidation promoted by complex 2 is also proposed.
Optical properties of ZnNb2O6 single crystals prepared via the optical floating zone technology
Authors: Xu Dapeng , Yang Hang , Li Liang , Zhou Qiang , Yuan Hongming , Cui Tian 
Published: June 2014

By using an optical floating zone technology, orthorhombic columbit ZnNb2O6 single crystals are fabricated successfully. The as‐prepared sample are blue and transparent rods of Φ 4 to 6 mm ×L 48 mm and the biggest domain of Φ 4 mm× L 25 mm. After annealing, the sample fades to colorless. X‐ray diffractions indicates that the as‐perpared samples are ZnNb2O6 with orthorhombic columbite structure and grows along the a‐axis. The micropolariscopy in cross transmission arrangements analyzing give that the crystals are of low‐angle crystal boundary‐free and bubble‐free. Besides, the crystals have also been tested by Raman spectra, optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra before and after being annealed. The luminescence pattern has an emission peak located at 450 nm blue‐region.
Development of Automatic Voltage Regulator for Low‐Voltage Distribution Systems
Authors: Matsuda Katsuhiro , Horikoshi Kazuhiro , Seto Toshiyuki , Iyama Osamu , Kobayashi Hiromu 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents the development of a new type of voltage regulator that can adequately maintain the voltage supplied to customers, dealing with the problem of voltage control that accompanies the widespread use of photovoltaic power generation systems. The newly developed device is a pole‐mounted voltage regulator consisting of a step‐down transformer that converts from high voltage to low voltage and a series transformer for voltage compensation. A demonstration test conducted at the CRIEPI Akagi Test Center confirmed that the voltage control function of the proposed voltage regulator is satisfactory, based on the proposed control algorithm. Simulation analysis, under the assumption of clustered installation of photovoltaic power generation systems, confirmed that the introduction of the proposed voltage regulator allows the system voltage to be adequately maintained and makes full photovoltaic power generation possible without suppressing the output. We anticipate that our proposed voltage regulator will be effective for adequately regulating the voltage in low‐voltage distribution systems and will effectively promote even more widespread photovoltaic power generation.
Measurements of Electron Density and Electron Temperature of Arc Discharge Plasmas Containing Metallic Vapors Using Laser Thomson Scattering
Authors: Tomita Kentaro , Yoshitake Shinya , Uchino Kiichiro , Takenaka Daigo , Toda Hiroaki , Hikita Masayuki , Suzuki Katsumi 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYLaser Thomson scattering (LTS) was applied to arc discharges generated in the atmosphere to measure electron density (ne) and electron temperature (Te). The electrode gap was 0.8 mm, and the electrode diameter was 1 mm. The applied voltage was 6 kV, the peak current was 600 A, and the decay time of the voltage and current was 25 μs. The spatiotemporal evolution of ne and Te was measured 10, 30, and 50 μs after discharge initiation. At these times, the obtained values of ne and Te were estimated to be in the ranges of (0.8 to 2.0) × 1023 m−3 and 1.0 to 2.2 eV, respectively. These values were consistent with those evaluated using Saha's thermodynamic equation at 1 atm. It was also found that the decay of the arc discharge produced using the tungsten–copper electrodes was much faster than that produced using the tungsten electrodes.
Mechanoresponses of human primary osteoblasts grown on carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kroustalli A. , Kotsikoris V. , Karamitri A. , Topouzis S. , Deligianni D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBone mechanotransduction is strongly influenced by the biomaterial properties. A good understanding of these mechanosensory mechanisms in bone has the potential to provide new strategies in the highly evolving field of bone tissue engineering. The aim of the present investigation was to study the interactive effects of local mechanical stimuli on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/osteoblast interface, using an in vitro model that allows the study of cell growth, attachment and differentiation. Strain was applied at physiological levels [strain magnitudes 500 microstrain (μɛ), at frequency of load application 0.5 Hz]. The effect of mechanical strain and substrate was thus studied by measuring the messenger RNA expression of alkaline phosphatase, vinculin, collagen 1A, and integrins β1, β3, α4, and αv, using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The osteoblasts grown on MWCNTs displayed quick adaptation to the new environment by modulating the expression of key adhesion integrins. Furthermore, the addition of mechanical strain interplayed with the extracellular matrix and was efficiently transduced by cells grown on MWCNTs, providing stronger adhesion and survival. MWCNTs are therefore a material perfectly compatible with osteoblast differentiation, adhesion, and growth, and should be further evaluated, to derive new‐generation biomaterial scaffolds for the treatment of skeletal defects which require bone reconstruction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1038–1044, 2015.
Thermosensitive block copolymer hydrogels based on poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) and polyethylene glycol for biomedical applications: State of the art and future perspectives
Authors: Boffito Monica , Sirianni Paolo , Di Rienzo Anna Maria , Chiono Valeria 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis review focuses on the challenges associated with the design and development of injectable hydrogels of synthetic origin based on FDA approved blocks, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL). An overview of recent studies on inverse thermosensitive PEG/PCL hydrogels is provided. These systems have been proposed to overcome the limitations of previously introduced degradable thermosensitive hydrogels [e.g., PEG/poly(lactide‐co‐glycolic acid) hydrogels]. PEG/PCL hydrogels are advantageous due to their higher gel strength, slower degradation rate and availability in powder form. Particularly, triblock PEG/PCL copolymers have been widely investigated, with PCL–PEG–PCL (PCEC) hydrogels showing superior gel strength and slower degradation kinetics than PEG–PCL–PEG (PECE) hydrogels. Compared to triblock PEG/PCL copolymers, concentrated solutions of multiblock PEG/PCL copolymers were stable due to their slower crystallization rate. However, the resulting hydrogel gel strength was low. Inverse thermosensitive triblock PEG/PCL hydrogels have been mainly applied in tissue engineering, to decrease tissue adherence or, in combination with bioactive molecules, to promote tissue regeneration. They have also found application as in situ drug delivery carriers. On the other hand, the wide potentialities of multiblock PEG/PCL hydrogels, associated with the stability of their water‐based solutions under storage, their higher degradation time compared to triblock copolymer hydrogels and the possibility to insert bioactive building blocks along the copolymer chains, have not been fully exploited yet. A critical discussion is provided to highlight advantages and limitations of currently developed themosensitive PEG/PCL hydrogels, suggesting future strategies for the realization of PEG/PCL‐based copolymers with improved performance in the different application fields. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1276–1290, 2015.
Multiwalled carbon nanotube‐modified poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) scaffolds for dendritic cell load
Authors: Yang Yanzhu , Shi Sanyuan , Ding Qian , Chen Jian , Peng Jinliang , Xu Yuhong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPoly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) is widely used in a variety of tissue engineering and drug delivery applications due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. But PLGA surfaces are usually hydrophobic which limited the loading and seeding capacities for cells, especially semiadherent immune cells. In this paper we described an attempt to improve the hydrophilicity and surface architecture for accommodating dendritic cells (DCs) that are widely used as professional antigen presenting cells in immune therapy of cancer and other diseases. The 3D porous PLGA scaffold was made by solvent casting/salt leaching of PLGA blended with surface functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (F‐MWCNTs). The incorporation and dispersion of F‐MWCNT in the scaffold structures resulted in not only improved surface hydrophilicity but also nanoscale surface structure that would provide a preferable microenvironment for DCs attachment. We think such a scaffold material may be more desirable for immune cell delivery for immunotherapy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1045–1052, 2015.