bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carrier sensing range analysis in a general IEEE 802.11 network with physical‐layer network coding
Authors: Lin Shijun , Shi Jianghong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the carrier sensing range (CSR) of a general 802.11 network with physical‐layer network coding (PNC). We aim to derive a sufficient CSR that can prevent the hidden‐node collisions in a general 802.11 PNC network. The analysis includes two steps. First, we analyze the six link‐to‐link interference cases in an 802.11 PNC network to show that the mutual interference will be most severe when each node in the network initiates a two‐hop end node link. Second, we consider the worst interference case that all concurrently transmitting links in the network are two‐hop end node links and placed in the densest manner and develop a closed‐form expression of a sufficient CSR that prevents the hidden‐node collisions in a PNC network. From the analysis results, we find that to prevent the hidden‐node collisions, the CSR in PNC network should be bigger than the one in traditional non‐network‐coding network. Furthermore, we carry out extensive simulations to find out the throughput gain of PNC scheme in a general wireless network when considering the impact of CSR. Simulation results show that compared with the non‐network‐coding scheme, PNC scheme has throughput gain when a large proportion (i.e., 90%) of links in the network are two‐hop links and the link density has little effect on the throughput gain of PNC scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matching and record linkage
Authors: Winkler William E. 
Published: July 2014

This overview gives background on a number of statistical methods that have been proven effective for record linkage. To prepare data for the main computational algorithms, we need parsing/standardization that allows us to structure the free‐form names, addresses, and other fields into corresponding components. The main parameter‐estimation methods are unsupervised methods that yield ‘optimal’ record linkage parameters. Extended methods provide estimates of false match rates in both unsupervised and, with greater accuracy, in semi‐supervised situations. Finally, the paper describes ongoing research for adjusting standard statistical analyses for linkage error. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:313–325. doi: 10.1002/wics.1317This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > EM Algorithm
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Seminumerical and Nonnumerical Methods
Data: Types and Structure > Data Preparation and Processing
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
Traditional versus Robot‐Assisted Full Laparoscopic Liver Resection: A Matched‐Pair Comparative Study
Authors: Tranchart Hadrien , Ceribelli Cecilia , Ferretti Stefano , Dagher Ibrahim , Patriti Alberto 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundRobotic surgery was introduced as a means of overcoming the limitations of traditional laparoscopy. This report describes the results of a matched comparative study between traditional (TLLR) and robot‐assisted laparoscopic liver resection (RLLR) performed in two European centers.MethodsFrom January 2008–April 2013, 46 patients underwent RLLR at San Matteo degli Infermi Hospital. Each patient was matched to a patient who had undergone TLLR at Antoine Béclère Hospital. The variables evaluated were operative time, blood loss, conversion rate, morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients were included in each group. Despite matching, more tumors were solitary in the TLLR group (P = 0.02) and more were localized in the superior and posterior segments in the RLLR group (P = 0.003). The median duration of surgery was 210 and 176 min in the RLLR and TLLR groups, respectively (P = 0.12). Conversion rate, blood loss, morbidity, and length of stay were similar in both groups. In multivariate analysis in all cohorts of patients, the sole independent risk factor of postoperative complications was the operative duration [OR = 1.016; P = 0.007].ConclusionsRobotic LLR is associated with outcomes similar to those obtained with TLLR. However, robotics may facilitate LLR in patients with superior and posterior liver tumors.
Design Modifications May Improve Range of Motion following Posteriorly Stabilized Total Knee Replacement: A Matched Pair Study
Authors: Ruel Allison , Pui Christine , Westrich Geoffrey 
Published: July 2014

Background Our institution's latest knee implant design modifications aimed to decrease anterior knee pain, reduce the amount of bone that is resected in the femoral box, and improve range of motion. Questions/Purposes Does this new knee design achieve desired clinical improvement in our patient population? This study was designed to compare our new design to that of its predecessor in a matched pair analysis. Methods A consecutive group of 100 knees underwent total knee arthroplasty using the newer box reamer (BR) posterior-stabilized design was matched by age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) to patients with the classic posterior-stabilized (PS) component. Average follow-up was 29.6 months (range 21–47) in the new group. Preoperative range of motion (ROM) and clinical scores, such as Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Knee Society Scores, were obtained and compared to the patients’ most recent follow-up. Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) and revision of the implant for any reason were also analyzed. Ability to attain ROM of >120°, >130°, and >140° was also determined in each cohort. Results At 2-year follow-up, 41% of BR knees achieved >130° flexion compared with 19% in the PS design group. WOMAC improved from pre-op 47 to 80 at 1 year in the newer BR design group and 48 to 80 in the classic PS design group. There were 9 MUAs in the newer BR design group compared with 14 in the classic PS design group. There were three revisions in the PS group and none in the BR group. Conclusions Design improvements to this newer knee allowed more patients to achieve greater flexion and appear to have achieved clinical and design goals of the engineering modifications.
Fast Transmethylation of Total Lipids in Dried Blood by Microwave Irradiation and its Application to a Population Study
Authors: Lin Yu Hong , Hanson Jennifer A. , Strandjord Sarah E. , Salem Nicholas M. , Dretsch Michael N. , Haub Mark D. , Hibbeln Joseph R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA methodology combining finger‐pricked blood sampling, microwave accelerated fatty acid assay, fast gas chromatography data acquisition, and automated data processing was developed, evaluated and applied to a population study. Finger‐pricked blood was collected on filter paper previously impregnated with 0.05 mg of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene and air‐dried at room temperature. Transmethylation was accelerated by microwave irradiation in an explosion‐proof multimode microwave reaction system. The chemical procedure was based on a one‐step direct transmethylation procedure catalyzed by acetyl chloride. The short‐term stability of PUFA in blood dried on filter paper and storage at room temperature was examined using venous blood. The recoveries ranged from 97 to 101 % for the categorized fatty acids as well as the ratios of n‐6 to n‐3 PUFA and the n‐3 % highly unsaturated fatty acid. Specifically, recoveries were 99, 98, 97, and 97 % for linoleic acid (18:2n‐6), arachidonic acid (ARA), α‐linolenic acid (ALA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. The mol% (mean ± SD, 95 % confidence interval) of fatty acid composition in subjects from the population study was determined as 36.2 ± 3.8 (35.8, 36.7), 23.2 ± 3.0 (22.8, 23.5), 36.8 ± 3.5 (36.4, 37.2) and 3.79 ± 1.0 (3.68, 3.91) for the saturated, monounsaturated, n‐6 and n‐3 PUFA, respectively. Individually, the mean mol% (95 % CI) was 22.6 (22.3, 22.9) for 18:2n‐6, 9.5 (9.3, 9.7) for ARA, 0.51 (0.49, 0.53) for ALA, 0.42 (0.38, 0.47) for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 1.67 (1.61, 1.73) for DHA. This methodology provides an accelerated yet high‐efficiency, chemically safe, and temperature‐controlled transmethylation, with diverse laboratory applications including population studies.
Comparative study of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and azoxymethane on the induction of colorectal cancer in rats
Authors: Jucá Mario Jorge , Bandeira Bruno Carneiro , Carvalho Davi Silva , Leal Antenor Teixeira 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe induced colorectal carcinogenesis in rodents has a long history and currently uses the substances 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and azoxymethane.Objective The aim of this study was to compare the inductive effect of the substances azoxymethane and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in colorectal carcinogenesis.Method 30 randomly chosen male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. G1 group was treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and C1 was its control group; G2 group was treated azoxymethane and C2 was its control group. The animals were weekly weighed until euthanasia, when their intestines were removed, processed and analyzed by an experienced pathologist.Results Among the control groups (C1 and C2) no histologic changes were observed; moderate dysplasia was detected in G2 group; hyperplasia, mild dysplasia, severe dysplasia and carcinoma were observed in G1 group. When this study compared the cost of the substances, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine was more than 50 times less expensive than azoxymethane.Conclusion Azoxymethane is able to promote histological changes consistent with colorectal carcinogenesis. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine produced neoplasia and dysplasia, and, compared to the azoxymethane, was more efficient in the induction of colorectal cancer.
Cell therapy in experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Marcelino Mônica Yonashiro , Fuoco Natália Langenfeld , Quaglio Ana Elise Valencise , de Camargo Bittencourt Renata Aparecida , Garms Bruna Cambraia , da Motta Conceição Thaís Helena , Stasi Luiz Claudio Di , Ribeiro-Paes João Tadeu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease, which mainly involves Crohn's disease and ulcerative rectocolitis, is an inflammatory condition of the mucosa that can afflict any segment of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the fact that the existing therapies result in improvement in patient's symptomatology and quality of life, there is no curative treatment. Surgical treatment involves complex procedures associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In this context, cell therapy with stem cells has emerged as a treatment with broad potential applicability. In this study, we intended to verify the efficacy of transplantation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in rats with intestinal inflammation induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. The cell population was isolated from the adipose tissue of inguinal region of rats and processed for culture by mechanical dissociation. The animals were evaluated with respect to clinical and biochemical aspects, as well as by macroscopic, microscopic and histological analyses. In the experimental model of bowel inflammation by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, the infusion of adipose tissue significantly reduced the presence of adhesions in the colon and adjacent organs and decreased the activity of myeloperoxidase, a marker of neutrophil infiltration in the injured mucosa. The results suggest that cell therapy with adipose tissue can promote and/or accelerate the regeneration of damaged intestinal mucosa. It is concluded that the presence of adhesions and the determination of myeloperoxidase activity provide indications that adipose tissue can promote and/or accelerate the regeneration of inflammatory bowel mucosa.
Dual payoff scenario warnings on credit card statements elicit suboptimal payoff decisions
Authors: Hershfield Hal E. , Roese Neal J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractU.S. Federal regulation from 2009 requires credit card companies to convey information regarding payoff scenarios, i.e., details such as total amount paid and time to pay off when only a minimum payment is made (over time). Across seven studies, the present research shows that consumers who were given a dual payoff scenario (i.e., how much is paid in total based on the minimum payment and also based on a 3‐year payoff window) on credit card statements recommended lower payments than those given a single payoff scenario (when the 3‐year payment amount was less than what they would have paid otherwise), and were less likely to pay off the balance in full. The effect is driven by a tendency of consumers to infer that the 3‐year payment amount is the most appropriate. The dual‐scenario effect is minimized by an intervention that draws attention away from the 3‐year payment amount. Theoretical and public policy implications are considered.
Explosions at the water surface
Authors: Benusiglio Adrien , Quéré David , Clanet Christophe 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe study the shape and dynamics of cavities created by the explosion of firecrackers at the surface of a large pool of water. Without confinement, the explosion generates a hemispherical air cavity which grows, reaches a maximum size and collapses in a generic w-shape to form a final central jet. When a rigid open tube confines the firecracker, the explosion produces a cylindrical cavity that expands without ever escaping the free end of the tube. We discuss a potential flow model, which captures most of these features.
Self-propelled jumping upon drop coalescence on Leidenfrost surfaces
Authors: Liu Fangjie , Ghigliotti Giovanni , Feng James J. , Chen Chuan-Hua 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSelf-propelled jumping upon drop coalescence has been observed on a variety of textured superhydrophobic surfaces, where the jumping motion follows the capillary–inertial velocity scaling as long as the drop radius is above a threshold. In this paper, we report an experimental study of the self-propelled jumping on a Leidenfrost surface, where the heated substrate gives rise to a vapour layer on which liquid drops float. For the coalescence of identical water drops, we have tested initial drop radii ranging from 20 to $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}500\ \mu \mathrm{m}$, where the lower bound is related to the spontaneous takeoff of individual drops and the upper bound to gravitational effects. Regardless of the approaching velocity prior to coalescence, the measured jumping velocity is around 0.2 when scaled by the capillary–inertial velocity. This constant non-dimensional velocity holds for the experimentally accessible range of drop radii, and we have found no cutoff radius for the scaling, in contrast to prior experiments on textured superhydrophobic surfaces. The Leidenfrost experiments quantitatively agree with our numerical simulations of drop coalescence on a flat surface with a contact angle of 180°, suggesting that the cutoff is likely to be due to drop–surface interactions unique to the textured superhydrophobic surfaces.
Self-destabilizing loop observed in a jetting-to-dripping transition
Authors: Umemura Akira , Osaka Jun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIt is well known that water slowly issued vertically downward exhibits a hysteresis phenomenon. A jetting-to-dripping transition appearing upon a stepwise decrease in jet issue speed was used to identify the origin of the Plateau–Rayleigh unstable wave elements which disintegrate the jetting liquid. In the present laboratory experiment using a stainless steel nozzle of inner radius 1 mm and length 30 mm, the transition occurred at a dimensionless jet issue speed of $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\sqrt{\rho U^{2}a_{0} /\sigma } =0.8,$ where $\rho $ and $\sigma $ respectively denote the density and surface tension coefficient of the liquid issued at the speed $U$ from the nozzle of radius $a_0$. The jet length gradually shortened with an oscillation of considerably large amplitude and period. High-speed camera images show that this oscillation is caused by tip contraction capillary wave (TCCW) elements which are elongated by the gravitationally accelerating jet flow and become Plateau–Rayleigh unstable wave elements. The jet length increases while the jet tip experiences end-pinching and radiates TCCW elements upstream. Only those TCCW elements destabilized at appropriate locations can grow sufficiently to shorten the jet. Since the unstable wave elements produced nearer the nozzle exit have much smaller amplitude at the jet tip, the end-pinching becomes effective. Thus, these processes are repeatable and constitute a self-destabilizing loop. The observed jetting-to-dripping transition has nothing to do with the random nozzle disturbances which were believed to be the origin of the Plateau–Rayleigh unstable wave in conventional instability theories. It is also different from the feature conjectured from current absolute/convective instability analysis. The underling physics of the self-destabilizing loop are explored in detail by numerical simulations based on a one-dimensional model.
Methods for Predicting Diabetes Phase III Efficacy Outcome From Early Data: Superior Performance Obtained Using Longitudinal Approaches
Authors: Møller JB , Kristensen NR , Klim S , Karlsson MO , Ingwersen SH , Kjellsson MC 
Published: July 2014

The link between glucose and HbA1c at steady state has previously been described using steady‐state or longitudinal relationships. We evaluated five published methods for prediction of HbA1c after 26/28 weeks using data from four clinical trials. Methods (1) and (2): steady‐state regression of HbA1c on fasting plasma glucose and mean plasma glucose, respectively, (3) an indirect response model of fasting plasma glucose effects on HbA1c, (4) model of glycosylation of red blood cells, and (5) coupled indirect response model for mean plasma glucose and HbA1c. Absolute mean prediction errors were 0.61, 0.38, 0.55, 0.37, and 0.15% points, respectively, for Methods 1 through 5. This indicates that predictions improved by using mean plasma glucose instead of fasting plasma glucose, by inclusion of longitudinal glucose data and further by inclusion of longitudinal HbA1c data until 12 weeks. For prediction of trial outcome, the longitudinal models based on mean plasma glucose (Methods 4 and 5) had substantially better performance compared with the other methods.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e122; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.20; published online 02 July 2014
Ontogenesis of the HPI axis and molecular regulation of the cortisol stress response during early development in Dicentrarchus labrax.
Authors: Tsalafouta A. , Papandroulakis N. , Gorissen M. , Katharios P. , Flik G. , Pavlidis M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe cortisol stress response and the molecular programming of the corticoid axis were characterized for the first time during early ontogeny in a Mediterranean marine teleost, the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Sea bass embryos, pre-larvae and larvae at specific points of development were exposed to acute stressors and the temporal patterns of cortisol whole body concentrations and the expression of genes involved in corticosteroid biosynthesis, degradation and signaling were determined. Expression of genes (gr1, gr2, mr, crf) involved into the corticoid response regulation combined with histological data indicated that, although a cortisol stress response is evident for the first time around first feeding, a pattern becomes established in larvae at flexion until the formation of all fins. Moreover, mRNA transcript levels of 11β-hydroxylase and 11β-hsd2 showed a strong correlation with the whole body cortisol concentrations. Concluding, our data reveal the presence of an adaptive mechanism in European sea bass at early ontogeny enabling to cope with external stressful stimuli and provide a better insight into the onset and regulation of the stress response in this species.
Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Authors: Green Mark ,   Royal Society of Chemistry
Published: July 2014

Quantum dots are nano-sized particles of semiconducting material, typically chalcogenides or phosphides of metals found across groups II to VI of the periodic table. Their small size causes them to exhibit unique optical and electrical properties which are now finding applications in electronics, optics and in the biological sciences.
Synthesis of these materials began in the late 1980’s and this book gives a thorough background to the topic, referencing these early discoveries. Any rapidly-expanding field will contain vast amounts of publications, and this book presents a complete overview of the field, bringing together the most relevant and seminal aspects literature in an informed and succinct manner.
The author has been an active participant in the field since its infancy in the mid 1990’s, and presents a unique handbook to the synthesis and application of this unique class of materials. Drawing on both his own experience and referencing the primary literature, Mark Green has prepared. Postgraduates and experienced researchers will benefit from the comprehensive nature of the book, as will manufacturers of quantum dots and those wishing to apply them.
Molecular evolution of the substrate specificity of ent-kaurene synthases to adapt to gibberellin biosynthesis in land plants
Authors: Shimane Manami , Ueno Yohei , Morisaki Keiko , Oogami Shingo , Natsume Masahiro , Hayashi Ken-ichiro , Nozaki Hiroshi , Kawaide Hiroshi 
Published: July 2014

ent-Kaurene is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone gibberellin. In ent-kaurene biosynthesis in flowering plants, two diterpene cyclases (DTCs), ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CDP) synthase (ent-CPS) and ent-kaurene synthase (KS), catalyse the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to ent-CDP and ent-CDP to ent-kaurene, respectively. In contrast, the moss Physcomitrella patens has a bifunctional ent-CPS/KS (PpCPS/KS) that catalyses both cyclization reactions. To gain more insight into the functional diversity of ent-kaurene biosynthetic enzymes in land plants, we focused on DTCs in the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii. The present paper describes the characterization of two S. moellendorffii DTCs (SmKS and SmDTC3) in vitro. SmDTC3 converted ent-CDP into ent-16α-hydroxykaurane and also used other CDP stereoisomers as substrate. Remarkably, SmKS, which produces ent-kaurene from ent-CDP, showed similar substrate selectivity: both SmKS and SmDTC3 synthesized sandaracopimaradiene from normal CDP. Therefore, the diversity of substrate recognition among KSs from other plants was investigated. PpCPS/KS could use normal CDP and syn-CDP as well as ent-CDP as substrate. In contrast, lettuce KS showed high specificity for ent-CDP, and rice KS recognized only ent-CDP. Our studies imply that ancient KS having low substrate specificity has evolved to be specific for ent-CDP to the biosynthesis of gibberellin.