bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'enseignement des sciences infirmières : une discipline inaudible à géométrie variable
Authors: Nadot Michel 
Published: January 2015

Comment enseigner les sciences infirmières si le mot science et celui d’infirmière ne sont pas replacés dans leur signification et l’histoire de leur évolution ? Même avec des formations doctorales universitaires de très bon niveau, voire postdoctorales, il est impressionnant de voir que les chercheurs expérimentés restent encore dépendants pour la compréhension de leurs travaux, des visions dominantes, des représentations collectives et du poids du passé. La profession ne peut plus ne penser qu’aux soins et aux malades, mais elle doit aussi penser aux conditions de production du savoir au sein de ses Hautes Écoles et de son utilisation au sein du système de santé.
L'enseignement des disciplines de gestion dans la formation des infirmiers au Brésil : l'expérience d'un groupe de professeurs de l'Université Fédérale de Minas Gerais
Authors: Spagnol Carla Aparecida , Villa Eliana Aparecida , dos Santos Pereira Márcia , Velloso Isabela Silva Câncio 
Published: January 2015

La formation en sciences infirmières au Brésil est fondée sur les principes suivants qui guident la profession : les soins infirmiers, la gestion, l’enseignement et la recherche. Ces activités ne peuvent être développées séparément. Leur complémentarité est importante pour fournir des soins infirmiers de qualité et ne pas générer de risques pour la population. Tout en reconnaissant l’importance de cette articulation, les auteurs ont choisi de mettre en évidence la formation en gestion des professionnels. Le but de cet article est de décrire l’enseignement des disciplines de gestion dans la formation des infirmiers, à partir d’une analyse critique et d’une réflexion d’un groupe d’enseignants de l’Université Fédérale de Minas Gerais, au Brésil. La réforme sanitaire brésilienne et les directrices du programme national du grade de licence en sciences infirmières ont conduit à des progrès significatifs dans l’enseignement de l’administration des soins infirmiers. Actuellement, le contenu et les activités pratiques sont abordés à différents moments de la formation. En conclusion, dans ce nouveau contexte, les enseignants ont cherché des références théoriques plus contemporaines, mettant l’accent sur une gestion plus partagée, dans le but de former des professionnels compétents ayant une pratique plus humaine et plus éthique.
Evaluation of Choroidal Thickness Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Migraine: A Comparative Study
Authors: Karalezli Aylin , Celik Guner , Koktekir Bengu Ekinci , Kucukerdonmez Cem 
Published: January 2015

Purpose To assess choroidal thickness in patients with migraine and compare them with healthy controls, using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods In this prospective case-control study, choroidal thicknesses of 20 newly diagnosed migraine patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were measured using a high-speed, high-resolution frequency domain (FD) OCT device (λ = 840 nm, 26.000 A-scans/s, 5 µm axial resolution). All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination before the measurements. OCT measurements were taken at the same time of day (9:00 AM), in order to minimize the effects of diurnal variation. Results There was a statistically significant difference in median choroidal thickness between the migraine patients (277.00 [interquartile range (IQR) 85.75] µm) and controls (301.00 [IQR 90.50] µm) (p = 0.012). There were significant differences at all measurement points (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions The decreased choroidal thickness of patients with migraine might be related to the vascular pathology of the disease. Further studies are needed to evaluate the etiopathologic relationship between choroidal thickness and migraine.
Symmetric Bimanual Phacofragmentation: A New Approach for Nucleus Disassembly
Authors: Jacobovitz Sergio , Roitberg Marcelo , Massote Victor , Martins Bernardo , Vasconcelos-Santos Daniel Vitor 
Published: January 2015

Purpose To describe a new technique to split the lens nucleus inside the capsular bag, using a novel pair of instruments. Methods Two identical instruments are employed on the horizontal axis to promote nuclear splitting into 2 or more fragments. Each instrument has a portion that functions as a hook (H); an anterior edge, opposite to the hook, which acts as a knife (K); and a surface area located between the hook and knife, which functions as a cracker (C). Results Nuclei up to grade 4 nuclear sclerosis were successfully fractured employing this technique. Conclusions Symmetric bimanual phacofragmentation with HKC instruments provides effective bimanual splitting of nuclei for phacoemulsification, also allowing depth adjustment of cleavage plane, and can be applied for a wide range of nuclear densities.
Patient-Specific Carbon Nanocomposite Tracheal Prosthesis
Authors: Chua Matthew , Chui Chee-Kong , Teo Constance , Lau David 
Published: January 2015

Purpose Surgical removal of the trachea is the current gold standard for treating severe airway carcinoma and stenosis. Resection of 6 cm or more of the trachea requires a replacement graft due to anastomotic tension. The high failure rates of current grafts are attributed to a mismatching of mechanical properties and slow epithelium formation on the inner lumen surface. There is also a current lack of tracheal prostheses that are closely tailored to the patient's anatomy. Methods We propose the development of a patient-specific, artificial trachea made of carbon nanotubes and poly-di-methyl-siloxane (CNT-PDMS) composite material. Computational simulations and finite element analysis were used to study the stress behavior of the designed implant in a patient-specific, tracheal model. Results Finite element studies indicated that the patient-specific carbon nanocomposite prosthesis produced stress distributions that are closer to that of the natural trachea. In vitro studies conducted on the proposed material have demonstrated its biocompatibility and suitability for sustaining tracheal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. In vivo studies done in porcine models showed no adverse side effects or breathing difficulties, with complete regeneration of the epithelium in the prosthesis lumen within 2 weeks. Conclusions This paper highlights the potential of a patient-specific CNT-PDMS graft as a viable airway replacement in severe tracheal carcinoma.
A Simple Diagnostic Test to Confirm Correct Placement of Intravenous Catheters before Chemotherapy
Authors: Keidan Ilan , Ben-Menachem Erez , Berger Raanan , Derazne Estella , Berkenstadt Haim 
Published: January 2015

Purpose To determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using a single injection of diluted sodium bicarbonate, while monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide changes, to reliably confirm correct placement of intravenous (IV) catheters. Methods The study was conducted in the oncology day care clinic at a tertiary care center and included a selected group of patients with various oncological conditions who required IV chemotherapy. In each patient a newly inserted peripheral IV catheter or newly accessed central line was deemed positively intravascular if they had good blood return or most probably intravascular if there was no blood return but they flushed easily. This clinical diagnosis of correct positioning, was correlated with the results of a single injection of dilute sodium on the exhaled carbon dioxide, and with the ability of a blinded observer to report whether sodium bicarbonate or saline was injected. Results A total of 67 patients were enrolled in the study; 56 had positively intravascular IV catheter while 11 had most probably intravascular IV catheter. A single injection of 20 mL 4.2% sodium bicarbonate had a positive and clinically detectable response that was diagnosed with high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions IV injection of 20 mL of 4.2% sodium bicarbonate with exhaled carbon dioxide monitoring can be used to reliably confirm correct intravascular placement of a catheter intended to be used for chemotherapy.
Measuring Patient Satisfaction with Vascular Access: Vascular Access Questionnaire Development and Reliability Testing
Authors: Kosa Sarah Daisy , Bhola Cynthia , Lok Charmaine E. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose The primary objective of this study is to measure hemodialysis patients' satisfaction with their vascular access. The secondary objective is to evaluate the measurement tool's psychometric properties to assess patient satisfaction with their vascular access. Methods We generated a comprehensive list of survey items related to patients' views and satisfaction with their vascular access and administered it to participating in-center hemodialysis patients over 4 months. Following a factor analysis, the items were reduced and rescaled to generate the final short-form vascular access questionnaire (SF-VAQ). The SF-VAQ was then administered to a new cohort of hemodialysis patients on two occasions 1 week apart from February 1, 2012, to April 1, 2014. A repeated measures analysis of variance and psychometric evaluation was conducted. Results The final SF-VAQ with 13 items and four domains was administered to 132 patients (35 fistulas, 14 grafts and 83 catheters). The mean Likert value for overall satisfaction on a scale of 1 (low) to 7 (high) was 5.98, with catheters, fistulas and grafts with values of 5.92, 6.46 and 5.21, respectively. The test–retest reliability for two occasions is 0.92 and the internal consistency for the first administration is high at 0.84. Conclusions The SF-VAQ is a short, simple to administer vascular access-specific questionnaire with robust psychometric properties that can be used to obtain the patient's views on their vascular access. Based on the newly developed SF-VAQ, patients were the most satisfied with fistulas, scores.
Preoperative Duplex Examination in Patients with Dialysis Access-related Hand Ischemia: Indication for Distal Radial Artery Ligation
Authors: Cordova Emanuela , Pettorini Laura , Scrivano Jacopo , Baldinelli Matteo , Punzo Giorgio , Menè Paolo , Pirozzi Nicola 
Published: January 2015

Purpose To demonstrate that treatment with distal radial artery ligation (DRAL), based on preoperative evaluation with duplex ultrasound, is effective for correction of hand ischemia related to distal radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Methods Two patients with symptoms of hemodialysis access-induced distal ischemia (HAIDI) related to radiocephalic AVF at wrist (necrotic lesion of fingers, pain at rest and loss of sensory function) were studied with preoperative duplex examination. Color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) showed low-normal flux (700 and 500 mL/min respectively), retrograde flow in the DRA and increased digital perfusion after manual occlusion of DRA. They were both treated by ligation of the DRA. Results Both patients had immediate improvement of ischemic symptoms. Reversed DRA flow disappeared and peripheral flow ameliorated. Postoperative AVF flow was 500 and 350 mL/min, stable at 16 and 8 months of follow-up, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative CDU examination, simulating reversed DRA flow interruption, seems to be an effective tool to predict the success of DRAL procedure.
Patient Survival following Arteriovenous Fistula Formation
Authors: McGrogan Damian G. , Field Melanie A. , Maxwell Alexander P. , Marie Yazin , Inston Nicholas G. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose Efforts to promote arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) have been successful in increasing the prevalence of AVF use as the primary vascular access for haemodialysis (HD). Sustained preference for AVF use may not be the most appropriate vascular access choice for all patient groups. Arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) offer advantages of earlier use and lower primary failure rates compared to AVFs so may be preferable for patients where short-term vascular access is needed. This study was designed to assess comparative mortality in different age groups following AVF formation. Methods A prospective cohort of patients having AVF creation was recruited. Patients were subdivided into three age groups: Group A: <50 years; Group B: 50-74 years and Group C: ≥75 years. Survival curves and Cox regression analysis were performed on each of these groups. Results One hundred and thirty-four patients (n = 134) were recruited into the study. The prevalence of diabetes increased significantly with age. As expected, mortality was higher in older age groups (log rank (Mantel-Cox) 19.227; p = 0.0001). Mortality rates at 1 year were 0% in group A, 12.5% in group B and 29.1% in group C. Medium-term mortality at 4 years was 7.9% in group A, 39.1% in group B and 54.8% in group C. Conclusions We found a significantly higher mortality rate in patients ≥75 years in comparison to those <75 years. The choice of vascular access modality should be tailored to the individual with particular reference to the patient's expected survival.
A Century of Teaching with Pennsylvania's Historic Places
Authors: Bruggeman Seth C. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
During the early twentieth century, amid growing interest in the pedagogical significance of heritage landscapes, Pennsylvanians took a leading role in demonstrating the value of teaching with historic places. A forward-looking Pennsylvania Historical Commission (the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission since 1945) and significant investments by the federally sponsored Works Progress Administration paved the way. This essay reflects on that history toward assessing the role of historic places in education today. It suggests that historic places offer important lessons beyond what they reveal about how Americans lived in the past. Most significantly, we gain new insight into Pennsylvania history by interrogating the reasons why historic sites are preserved and how their management changes over time. Several examples illustrate how challenging students with nuanced considerations of historic places encourages all of us to be mindful of persistent threats to Pennsylvania's public historical resources.
Three Miles, Two Creeks:
Authors: Slavishak Edward 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
This article describes an undergraduate history assignment at Susquehanna University, through which students create virtual museum exhibits on the local history of Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. Students narrate and interpret the Penn's Creek Massacre of 1755 and the Stump Massacre of 1768. The goal is to tell a cohesive story and offer a clear viewpoint on the events while adhering to the research and design standards used by public history professionals. The historical content of the assignment emphasizes the diversity and violence of the American frontier in the decades before the Revolutionary War. The exhibition format highlights the need to think carefully about audience, voice, and storytelling, three aspects of making history that are often disregarded in student research papers. The ultimate value of the assignment is its ability to increase students’ awareness of the manipulation involved in the process of historical interpretation, even as they attempt to “get it right.”
An Authentic Archival Experience for the College Classroom in the Digital Age
Authors: Meier Kathryn Shively , Yarmey Kristen 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
One of the most treasured experiences of historians is archival research, and yet university professors frequently struggle with viable ways to include archival research in their lecture courses. Further, historians, who are generally focused on the content of documents, often fail to provide students with a sense of the process by which historical documents and artifacts are gathered, preserved, and made available. This essay describes a partnership among faculty at the University of Scranton, the Lackawanna Historical Society, Weinberg Memorial Library, Scranton Public Library, and Everhart Museum to create an archival-based digital project for a course on the Civil War and Reconstruction. The students from the course uncovered uncataloged Civil War–era documents and artifacts, preserved, digitized, and transcribed them, and organized them into an online collection. The project acquainted students with local, firsthand historical accounts; introduced then to the complexity of recreating history from archival sources; exposed them to careers in archives, museum studies, and librarianship; and forged a partnership between university students and local institutions.
Other-Hegemony in de Martino: The Figure of the Gramscian Fieldworker between Lucania and London
Authors: Berrocal Emilio G. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper reflects on the role of fieldwork in folklore studies and anthropology. By speculating on the fieldwork experience of Ernesto de Martino in Lucania, we consider the figure of the Gramscian Fieldworker commenting on Stephen Olbrys Gencarella’s proposal for a critical folklore studies. An imaginary de Martino, one that never existed, is seen as the precursor for such a figure, built around the scenario of the "end" as depicted by Heidegger and embodying the Gramscian proposition of the Organic Intellectual. The second part of the article grounds such a figure in the author’s ethnographic experience of London, offering an examination of the current state of British multiculturalism through the case of an East London singer-songwriter. A practical example of how to interpret the fieldwork tactic pioneered by an imaginary de Martino in Lucania is presented as a way for social sciences and the humanities to overcome the predilection for text analysis of deconstructionism.
MRI, the technology for imaging of thrombi and inflammation
Authors: Bode C. , von zur Mühlen C. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryAtherosclerosis and its sequelae have a major impact on morbidity and mortality. The rupture of an inflamed atherosclerotic plaque is a crucial event, since it can result in acute thrombotic closure of an arterial vessel, resulting e. g. in myocardial infarction or stroke. Not only detection of early plaque rupture with imminent closure is therefore of clinical interest, but also timely detection of vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque progression. However, plaque inflammation or even plaque rupture without vessel occlusion is not reliably detectable by current imaging techniques. Coronary angiography is the gold standard for evaluation of the coronary vessels, but only allows visualization of the vessel lumen without characterizing the important pathophysiology of the vessel wall. Therefore, highly inflamed and rupture prone plaques can be missed, or appear as a minor vessel narrowing. Although currently available techniques such as intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography allow a further characterization of atherosclerotic plaques, it would be desirable to detect plaque inflammation, early plaque rupture or vascular thrombosis by non-invasive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), since they could allow early identification of patients at risk or triage of symptomatic patients.In this manuscript, different strategies for detection of vascular inflammation, plaque-rupture and thrombosis by MRI will be discussed, with a special focus on molecular imaging contrast agents.
Ex ante onderzoek in beeld: over aard, aantal en gebruik van ex ante onderzoek bij beleidsvoorbereiding
Authors: Klein Haarhuis Carolien , Smit Monika , Keulemans Shelena 
Published: January 2015

Ex ante onderzoek in beeld: over aard, aantal en gebruik van ex ante onderzoek bij beleidsvoorbereiding
De laatste jaren is de beleidsmatige en wetenschappelijke aandacht voor ex ante onderzoek toegenomen. De vraag is of dit ook is terug te zien in het aantal studies naar concrete plannen, en in het gebruik van de uitkomsten van ex ante studies in de beleidsontwikkeling. Om dit na te gaan verrichtten we een metastudie van ex ante onderzoeken over beleid op rijksniveau, verschenen in de periode 2005 tot en met 2011. In deze bijdrage beschrijven we eerst hoe vaak en met welk doel ex ante onderzoek wordt verricht en om wat voor typen studies het gaat. Daarna nemen we het gebruik in het beleidsontwikkelings- en besluitvormingsproces onder de loep door in te zoomen op vijf ex ante onderzoeken. Een eerste conclusie is dat er inmiddels een aanzienlijk aantal ex ante studies is verschenen; een tweede dat in alle vijf casus het onderzoek belangrijke actoren in het beleidsproces bereikt heeft, maar dat de uitkomsten niet altijd doorklinken in het uiteindelijke beleid.
North American Paleoindian Eyed Bone Needles: Morphometrics, Sewing, and Site Structure
Authors: Lyman R. Lee 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEyed bone needles have been recovered from Paleoindian sites over the last 70 years. Specimens 13,100–10,000 calendar years old average 1.81 ± .58 mm in diameter, similar to 2500–1000 year-old specimens in the Aleutians which average 1.67 mm in diameter. Use of industrial steel needles and experiments with replicated bone needles indicate the broken eyes and mid-length fractures of Paleoindian bone needles are the result of use. Some specimens said to be Paleoindian eyed bone needles are ≤ 3 mm in diameter and likely represent behaviors distinct from those with diameters ≤ 2.9 mm. Many smalldiameter needles have been recovered from sites that also produced ornaments. Small-diameter Paleoindian needles may have been used to attach decorative items to clothing; decorative items could have served as identity icons as human groups became sedentary and established home ranges a few centuries after colonization. Paleoindian residential sites that have produced multiple specimens of small-diameter needles reveal clustering of needle specimens in limited areas, and Varying degrees of association with hide-preparation and needle manufacture and maintenance tools such as gravers, scrapers, and awls. Paleoindians, like some ethnographically documented people and some industrial-age people, had sewing specific activity loci.
A Comment On “A Reassessment of Red Linear Pictographs in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of Texas”
Authors: Harrison James Burr 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBoyd, Castañeda, and Koenig (2013) recently published a hypothesis in American Antiquity that Red Linear style rock art predates, or is contemporaneous with, the Pecos River style. While the authors present intriguing examples of over-painting at 41VV83 and 41VV612, their definition of the Red Linear style should be questioned based on its lack of diagnostic characteristics relative to the Pecos River style. The Boyd et al. report is preliminary in its findings and falls short of overturning the existing regional chronology; thus, further stylistic studies of Red Linear art are recommended.
La expresión de las emociones en la Comunicación Virtual: El Ciberhabla
Authors: Gordillo Isabel Cuadrado , Parra Guadalupe Martín-Mora , Antelo Inmaculada Fernández 
Published: January 2015

RESUMENLa comunicación mediada por ordenador se ha convertido en una de las principales herramientas de comunicación de la sociedad. La proliferación en Internet de foros y redes sociales, ha modificado los intereses y usos del tiempo libre, especialmente entre adolescentes y jóvenes. Este tipo de comunicación comparte con la escritura y con la interacción oral, algunas de sus características, sin embargo, sus peculiaridades han dado lugar a la aparición de otras nuevas. Entre estas últimas, destacan los emoticonos. En los últimos tiempos su número y complejidad ha aumentado significativamente, al igual que sus funciones.El presente estudio pretende hacer un análisis extenso del uso y las funciones con las que personas de distintas edades emplean los emoticonos en el contexto de la Comunicación Mediada por Ordenador. Para ello se ha analizado una muestra de mensajes extraídos al azar de seis foros de discusión asincrónica distintos con una metodología interpretativo-descriptiva.