bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotics: a questionnaire study among 2500 Chinese students
Authors: Huang Ying , Gu Jiarui , Zhang Mingyu , Ren Zheng , Yang Weidong , Chen Yang , Fu Yingmei , Chen Xiaobei , Cals Jochen WL , Zhang Fengmin 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Recently, many scientists including bacteriologists have begun to focus on social aspects of antibiotic management especially the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among the general population regarding antibiotic use. However, relatively few works have published on the relationship between KAP and medical education. In this study, we analyze the present status of Chinese medical (MS)- and non-medical (NS) students’ KAP on the use of antibiotics, and examine the influence of Chinese medical curriculum on the appropriate usage of antibiotics among medical students.

Methods
In this study, 2500 students from 3 universities (including one medical university) in Northeastern China participate in the questionnaire survey on students’ knowledge, attitude and practice toward antibiotic usage. Wilcoxon rank sum test and Chi square test were used to analyze questionnaire-related discrete and categorical variables respectively, in order to assess the impact of the medical curriculum on students’ KAP towards antibiotics.

Results
2088 (83.5%) respondents (MS-1236 and NS-852) were considered valid for analysis. The level of knowledge of MS on the proper use of antibiotics was significantly higher than that of NS (p < 0.0001). However, based on their responses on actual practice, MS were found to rely on antibiotics more than NS (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the knowledge and attitude of MS towards antibiotic use improved with the increase in grade with discriminate use of antibiotics concurrently escalating during the same period.

Conclusions
This study indicates that Chinese medical curriculum significantly improves students’ knowledge on antibiotics and raises their attention on antibiotic resistance that may result from indiscriminate use of antibiotics. The study also shows an excessive use of antibiotics especially among the more senior medical students, signifying a deficiency of antibiotics usage instruction in their curriculum. This might explain why there are frequent abuses of antibiotics in both hospital and community settings from a certain angle.
Neurophobia among medical students and non-specialist doctors in Sri Lanka
Authors: Matthias Anne Thushara , Nagasingha Poorna , Ranasinghe Priyanga , Gunatilake Saman B 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundNeurophobia is the fear of neurosciences held by medical students and doctors. The present study aims to identify whether Neurology is considered a difficult subject by medical students and non-specialist doctors from Sri Lanka and evaluate reasons for such perceived difficulties.MethodsThe study was conducted from May-June 2008. One hundred non-specialist doctors from the Colombo South Teaching Hospital and 150 medical students from the University of Sri Jayewardenepura were invited for the study. Data were collected by a pre-tested expert-validated self-administered questionnaire, designed to assess the degree of perceived difficulty, confidence, interest and knowledge of Neurology as compared to other subjects. It also evaluated reasons and probable strategies to overcome the perceived difficulties and/or lack of interests.ResultsAll non-specialist doctors and 148 medical students responded to the questionnaire (response rate–99.2%). The most favourite subject among medical students and non-specialist doctors were Cardiology and Endocrinology respectively, while Neurology was ranked third. In all participants the current level of interest was most for Cardiology (3.52±1.36), while Neurology was the least interesting specialty for majority of medical students (18.5%) and non-specialist doctors (25.0%). The current level of knowledge among medical students was most for Cardiology (3.12±0.86), while Neurology (2.53±0.96) was ranked fifth. The most difficult specialty for majority of medical students (50.0%) and non-specialist doctors (41.7%) was Neurology. All the participants were least confident when dealing with patients with headache (2.20±0.81), numbness of feet (2.07±0.79) and dizziness (2.07±0.78) when compared to dealing with other non-neurological complaints. The commonest reasons ‘why Neurology was felt to be a difficult subject’ were; the need to know basic neuro-anatomy and having a complex clinical examination. Participants’ felt that clinical/hospital based teaching (3.49±0.65), case discussions (3.45±0.68) and teaching aids (3.10±0.89) would be the most important teaching strategies to improve their competency in Neurology.ConclusionNeurology is considered a difficult subject by undergraduates and non-specialist doctors of Sri Lanka. The main reason for the perceived difficulty was the lack of understanding of basic sciences and deficiencies in clinical teaching. This lack of confidence could have a significant impact on patient care.
Regulation of PMP22 mRNA by G3BP1 affects cell proliferation in breast cancer cells
Authors: Winslow Sofia , Leandersson Karin , Larsson Christer 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Regulation of mRNAs is one way to control protein levels and thereby important cellular processes such as growth, invasion and apoptosis. G3BPs constitute a family of mRNA-binding proteins, shown to be overexpressed in several cancer types, including breast, colon and pancreas cancer. G3BP has been reported to both stabilize and induce degradation of specific mRNAs.

Results
Here, we show that G3BP1, but not G3BP2, supports proliferation of several breast cancer cell lines. Global gene expression analyses of G3BP1- and G3BP2-depleted cells indicate that primarily G3BP1, and much less G3BP2, influences mRNA expression levels. Peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) was one gene that was significantly influenced by G3BP1 depletion which led to a 2–3 fold increased expression. Depletion of PMP22 resulted in increased proliferation and the G3BP1-mediated effect on proliferation was not seen upon PMP22-depletion.

Conclusions
This indicates a novel role for G3BP1 in the regulation of cell proliferation in breast cancer cells, perhaps via a regulatory effect on PMP22 expression.
The mTOR Signaling Pathway Regulates Pain-Related Synaptic Plasticity in Rat Entorhinal-Hippocampal Pathways
Authors: Lyu Dan , Yu Wenli , Tang Ning , Wang Ruirui , Zhao Zhenyu , Xie Fang , He Yongjin , Du Hongyin , Chen Jun 
Published: December 2013

Background Our previous work demonstrated that persistent peripheral nociception (PPN) leads to synaptic plasticity and functional changes in the rat hippocampus. The protein kinase mTOR is a critical regulator of protein synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus as well as synaptic plasticity associated with central and peripheral pain sensitization. We examined the role of mTOR signaling in pain-associated entorhinal cortex (EC) - hippocampal synaptic plasticity to reveal possible cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of chronic pain on cognition and emotion. Results Subcutaneous injection of bee venom (BV) into one hind paw to induce PPN resulted in sustained (> 8 h) mTOR phospho-activation and enhanced phosphorylation of the mTOR target p70 S6 kinase (S6K) in the hippocampus. The magnitude and duration of long-term potentiation (LTP) in both EC - dentate gyrus (DG) and EC - CA1 synaptic pathways were elevated in BV-treated rats as measured by microelectrode array recording. Moreover, the number of potentiated synapses in the hippocampus was markedly upregulated by BV-induced PPN. Both elevated mTOR-S6K signaling and enhanced LTP induced by BV injection were reversed by systemic injection of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (RAPA). Rats injected with BV exhibited markedly reduced ambulation and exploratory activity in the open field (signs of depression and anxiety) compared to controls, and these effects were also reversed by RAPA. Conclusion We suggest that PPN-induced enhancement of synaptic plasticity in EC - hippocampal pathways and the behavioral effects of PPN are dependent on mTOR-S6K signaling.
Early loading of hydrophilic titanium implants inserted in low-mineralized (D3 and D4) bone: one year results of a prospective clinical trial
Authors: Held Uwe , Rohner Dennis , Rothamel Daniel 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Pure titanium is the material of choice for contemporary dental implants. However, superficial reaction of the moderately rough titanium surface with atmospheric components decreases its hydrophilicity. INICELL® represents a chemical alteration and hydrophilization of a moderately rough i. e. sand-blasted and acid-etched titanium surface. The hydrophilicity leads to a more homogenous adsorption of proteins on the implant surface in-vitro, supporting the activation of a higher number of platelets and the generation of a homogenous, complete fibrin matrix in the early phases of osseointegration. This in turn helps to reduce the healing time and enhances the predictability of osseointegration in compromised bony situations.
The objective of this case series trial was therefore to investigate if early loading (after 8 weeks) of hydrophilic INICELL implants is feasible in patients with reduced bone quality.

Methods
In 10 patients, 35 hydrophilic implants were placed in sites revealing bone quality class 3 and 4, and uncovered after 4 weeks. Eight weeks later implants were released for loading if the tactile resistance was ≥35 Ncm. Lower resistances resulted in 12 weeks initial healing period. Insertion torque, ISQ, tactile resistance and vertical bone level were evaluated at implant installation, after 4 weeks (uncovering), 8 or 12 weeks (loading), and 12 weeks and one year after loading.

Results
Mean implant insertion torque was 21 Ncm. 31 (88.6%) showed a tactile resistance of >35 Ncm after eight weeks and were released for prosthetic loading. Eight weeks after insertion, one implant (2.9%) had to be removed following a soft tissue complication. One implant had to be removed after 4 weeks due to a technical complication (fractured Osstell-abutment), it was therefore excluded from the analysis.
33 of 34 implants (97%) were loaded to occlusion and were in situ/functional one year after implantation. ISQs increased from 43 at baseline to 63 at eight weeks, and 72 at three months after loading. Then, ISQ remained constant until one year after loading.

Conclusions
Within the limitations of this prospective case series, hydrophilic implants may allow for shortening of the initial healing period even in bone with compromised density.
Dietary fructose enhances the incidence of precancerous hepatocytes induced by administration of diethylnitrosamine in rat
Authors: Kumamoto Ryo , Uto Hirofumi , Oda Kohei , Ibusuki Rie , Tanoue Shirou , Arima Shiho , Mawatari Seiichi , Kumagai Kotaro , Numata Masatsugu , Tamai Tsutomu , Moriuchi Akihiro , Fujita Hiroshi , Oketani Makoto , Ido Akio , Tsubouchi Hirohito 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the association between a high-fructose diet and HCC is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether a high-fructose diet affects hepatocarcinogenesis induced by administration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN).

Methods
Seven-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed standard chow (controls), a high-fat diet (54% fat), or a high-fructose diet (66% fructose) for 8 weeks. All rats were given DEN at 50 μg/L in drinking water during the same period. Precancerous hepatocytes were detected by immunostaining of the placental form of glutathione-S-transferase (GST-P). The number of GST-P-positive hepatocytes was assessed in liver specimens.

Results
Serum levels of total cholesterol were similar among the three groups, but serum triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels were higher in the high-fructose group compared to the high-fat group. In contrast, hepatic steatosis was more severe in the high-fat group compared with the high-fructose and control groups, but the incidence of GST-P-positive specimens was significantly higher in the high-fructose group compared to the other two groups. The average number of GST-P-positive hepatocytes in GST-P positive specimens in the high-fructose group was also higher than those in the other two groups. This high prevalence of GST-P-positive hepatocytes was accompanied by higher levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in serum and liver tissue.

Conclusions
These results indicate that dietary fructose, rather than dietary fat, increases the incidence of precancerous hepatocytes induced by administration of DEN via insulin resistance and oxidative stress in rat. Thus, excessive fructose intake may be a potential risk factor for hepatocarcinogenesis.
Galectin-9 prolongs the survival of septic mice by expanding tim-3-expressing natural killer T cells and PDCA-1+ CD11c+macrophages
Authors: Kadowaki Takashi , Morishita Asahiro , Niki Toshiro , Hara Junko , Sato Miwa , Tani Joji , Miyoshi Hisaaki , Yoneyama Hirohito , Masaki Tsutomu , Hattori Toshio , Matsukawa Akihiro , Hirashima Mitsuomi 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Galectin-9 ameliorates various inflammatory conditions including autoimmune diseases by regulating T cell and macrophage/dendritic cell (DC) functions. However, the effect of galectin-9 on polymicrobial sepsis has not been assessed.

Methods
We induced polymicrobial sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. The survival rate was compared between galectin-9- and PBS-treated CLP mice. An ELISA was used to compare the levels of various cytokines in the plasma and culture supernatants. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis was further performed to compare the frequencies of subpopulations of spleen cells.

Results
Galectin-9 exhibited a protective effect in polymicrobial sepsis as demonstrated in galetin-9 transgenic mice and therapeutic galectin-9 administration. In contrast, such effect was not observed in nude mice, indicating the involvement of T cells in galectin-9-mediated survival prolongation. Galectin-9 decreased TNFα, IL-6, IL-10 and, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and increased IL-15 and IL-17 plasma and spleen levels. Galectin-9 increased the frequencies of natural killer T (NKT) cells and PDCA-1+ CD11c+ macrophages (pDC-like macrophages) but did not change the frequency of CD4 or CD8 T cells, γδT cells or conventional DC. As expected, galectin-9 decreased the frequency of Tim-3+ CD4 T cells, most likely Th1 and Th17 cells. Intriguingly, many spleen NK1.1+ NKT cells and pDC-like macrophages expressed Tim-3. Galectin-9 increased the frequency of Tim-3-expressing NK1.1+ NKT cells and pDC-like macrophages. Galectin-9 further increased IL-17+ NK1.1+ NKT cells.

Conclusion
These data suggest that galectin-9 exerts therapeutic effects on polymicrobial sepsis, possibly by expanding NKT cells and pDC-like macrophages and by modulating the production of early and late proinflammatory cytokines.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE
Authors: Пугачев  , Pugachyev Vasiliy 
Published: December 2013

Features of human resource management as a science are analyzed in
the article. Subject specifi c and research approach of this science are
defi ned. The human resource management in ratio with other traditional
sciences related to people management has been analyzed.
Attention on need of human resource management institutionalizing
as a science in modern Russia is focused.
APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT OF HIGHER SCHOOL TEACHERS INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL
Authors: Семенова  , Syemyenova Yelyena 
Published: December 2013

The teacher intellectual capital has a key value for progressive advance
of higher education institutions and their competitiveness increasing.
Therefore it is important to defi ne correctly the structure of higher
school teacher intellectual capital and to estimate the cost of all its
components. Methodical aspects of this type capital assessment are
defi ned in this article taking into account its structure and specifi cs of
manifestation.
III ALL-RUSSIA INTERUNIVERSITY PERSONNEL FORUM “INNOVATIVE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT”
Authors: Митрофанова  , Mitrofanova Aleksandra 
Published: December 2013

The results of III All-Russia interuniversity personnel forum “Innovative
Human Resource Management” that took place in State university of
management are presented in this article.
Representatives of business structures, public authorities, academic
science, higher education institutions, students and graduate students
took part in this forum.
Physiological and pathological relevance of secretory microRNAs and a perspective on their clinical application
Authors: Katsuda Takeshi , Ikeda Shingo , Yoshioka Yusuke , Kosaka Nobuyoshi , Kawamata Masaki , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted significant attention because of their important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have shown that many cell types secrete miRNAs by packaging them into lipid-bilayered small vesicles called exosomes. Furthermore, exosomal miRNAs travel between cells, exert their RNAi effects in the recipient cells, and play important roles in various biological processes. In this article, we will summarize and describe the latest studies on exosomal miRNAs by focusing on their roles in cancer progression, immune regulation, and tissue repair. We will also provide a perspective on the clinical applications of this research field.
Expanding the applicability of Tikhonov's regularization and iterative
approximation for ill-posed problems
Authors: Vasin Vladmir , George Santhosh 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Recently, Vasin [J. Inverse Ill-Posed Probl. 21 (2013), 109–123] considered a new iterative method for approximately solving nonlinear ill-posed operator equation in Hilbert spaces.
In this paper we introduce a modified form of the method considered by Vasin.
This paper weakens the conditions needed in the existing results.
We use a center-type Lipschitz condition in our convergence analysis instead of a Lipschitz-type condition
used in [J. Inverse Ill-Posed Probl. 21 (2013), 109–123]. This way a tighter convergence analysis is obtained and
under less computational cost, since
the more precise and easier to compute center-Lipschitz instead of the Lipschitz
constant is used in the convergence analysis.
Order optimal error bounds are given in case the regularization parameter is chosen a priori and by
the adaptive method of Pereverzev and Schock
[SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 43 (2005), 2060–2076]. A numerical example of a nonlinear integral
equation proves the efficiency of the proposed method.
Double exposure: a critical study of preservice teachers’ multimodal public service announcements
Authors: Albers Peggy 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAlthough a great deal of work has been done on the significance of new literacies in ELA teaching and learning, much less has been done on the area of analyzing critically the media that comprise digital projects created by textmakers. Composing with new literacies in mind requires that textmakers locate relevant information, design with particular media in mind that will convey their message, as well as anticipate what the viewer may want to see. However, with nearly unlimited access to images through various search engines, textmakers may be choosing images of convenience rather than content. In her work with preservice teachers, Albers invited them to create Public Service Announcements (PSAs) in response to social issues they saw at play in contemporary and classic literature. Framed in critical multimodal theory, Albers draws upon visual grammar and visual discourse analysis to analyze PSAs to understand how modal choices make visible stable and commonplace assumptions about adolescents, the intended audience for these PSAs.
Drawing into being: Ideation as multimodal thinking
Authors: Ings Welby 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article considers the means by which the short film Munted (2011) was brought into being. It discusses drawing and interior dwelling as immersive methodological practices. In so doing, it suggests that multimodal thought might constitute a communicative process that reaches both into ideation and outwards into the communicative construction of a multi-layered filmic text.
Intersemiosis in film: Towards a new organisation of semiotic resources in multimodal filmic text
Authors: Wildfeuer Janina 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article is concerned with the analysis of multimodal filmic text from a formalfunctional perspective. It presents a new and integrative framework which has been developed on the basis of a formal description of coherence and structure in verbal discourse in order to be able to articulate in detail how inferential strategies and defeasible reasoning can be included as a foundation for making meaning in the analysis of multimodal discourse. The article will, on the one hand, present the mechanisms of this framework for examining the intersemiosis of the filmic resources and, on the other hand, demonstrate the adequacy of this analytical tool with the help of an example analysis of a sequence taken from the movie Vanilla Sky. It will thus outline how it is possible to organise filmic semiotic resources more systematically and to describe the entire meaning-making process on various levels of film interpretation.
Investigating time through still photography
Authors: Maier Petru 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe cannot see time. “All of our understandings of time are relative to other concepts such as motion, space and events... ” (Lakoff and Johnson, 1999:137). We can only see theModern technology allows us to measure time passing with incredible accuracy. We neither loose nor gain a second in 20 million years by means of atomic clocks. Extremely fast processes, even the travelling of a light photon can be recorded by means of photographic techniques - understood in this context as light leaving imprints on light sensitive materials or devices.However, according to St. Augustine (397 A D), time cannot be defined. He stated that everyone seems to know what time is, if only one is not asked to define it.HowPhotography and imaging techniques extend our understanding of time passing; giving us a chance to gain a better feel for time, but still not giving us enough to define it. This visual essay explores visualization of
What is a mode? Smell, olfactory perception, and the notion of mode in multimodal mediated theory
Authors: Norris Sigrid 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMoving towards multimodal mediated theory, I propose to define a mode as a system of mediated action that comes about through concrete lower-level actions that social actors take in the world. In order to explain exactly how a mode is a system of mediated action, I turn to a perfume blog and use one blog entry as my starting point. The mode that I primarily focus on in this article is the mode of smell, explicating that the mode of smell is not synonymous with olfactory perception, even though modal development of smell is certainlyAs I am ostensibly focusing on theEven though the concept of mode is problematical - and in my view needs to always be problematized - I argue that the term and the notion of mode is theoretically useful as it allows us to talk about and better understand communication and (inter)action in three respects: 1. The notion of mode allows us to investigate regularities as residing on a continuum somewhere between the social actor(s) and the mediational means; 2. The theoretical notion of mode embraces socio-cultural and historical as well as individual characteristics, never prioritising any of these and always embracing the tension that exists between social actor(s) and mediational means; and 3. The theoretical notion of mode demonstrates that modal development through concrete lower-level actions taken in the world, is transferable to other lower-level actions taken.