bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining the Roles and Responsibilities of the Systems Engineering Organization/Team
Authors: Fisher Jack 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTWhen we discuss and teach systems engineering, we usually describe all of the activities required to design and develop a system but do not consider the organizational assignment of these responsibilities. The assignment of tasks to the systems engineering organization/team (SEOT) is important as the successful implementation of many projects depends upon the correct identification and assignment of tasks to the SEOT. Several approaches to the determination of roles and responsibilities are examined and a model statement of work for the SEOT is presented.
The Integrated Product Development CMMSM
Authors: Pyster Arthur , Sheard Sarah A. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe Integrated Product Development (IPD) Capability Maturity Model (CMM1) is being developed as a framework to (1) establish, appraise, and improve processes for the entire product life cycle, where “product” includes both goods and services; (2) provide a common reference model and language for IPD concepts; (3) support the adoption of IPD in a wide range of industries, service operations, government, and academia; and (4) be the framework for integrating other popular CMMs and quality frameworks such as the SE‐CMM (Bate, et al 96), SECAM (INCOSE 96), SW‐CMM (Paulk, et al 93), and ISO‐9000 (ISO 91).The Enterprise Process Improvement Collaboration (EPIC) has been developing the IPD‐CMM since March 1995. The model reported on here, Version 0.9, will be revised prior to general release in mid‐1997, based on feedback from pilots, public review, and additional development by the authors.Because IPD is increasingly central to systems engineering, and because systems engineering process improvement must be coordinated with process improvement initiatives for other disciplines, such as software, the IPD‐CMM will likely have a broad impact on the systems engineering community.
Pilot Results Applying the System Security Engineering CMM
Authors: Hefner Rick 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe Systems Security Engineering Capability Maturity Model (SSE‐CMM) describes the essential characteristics of an organization's security engineering process that must exist to ensure good security engineering. The model also highlights the relationship between security engineering and systems engineering.This paper summarizes pilot appraisals conducted at four security contractors during 1996. The results indicate the model and appraisal method are fundamentally sound. In 1997, the project will promote use of the model by acquisition agencies to evaluate potential system security vendors.
The Frameworks Quagmire, A Brief Look
Authors: Sheard Sarah A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOrganizations wishing to remain competitive often want to comply with all possible contractor evaluation criteria, process models, and quality standards, but the field is evolving rapidly. This paper describes the categories of compliance frameworks and characteristics of seven important frameworks: the CMM, SE‐CMM, IPD‐CMM, ISO 9000, SDCE, MIL‐STD‐498, and Trillium. The paper also discusses trends and recommendations for how to deal with the Frameworks Quagmire.
Continuous Measurable Improvement Of Software Systems
Authors: Stewart Ronald , John Robert 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe establishment of a state‐of‐the‐art development environment and a rigorous iterative process provides the basis for the effective application of Continuous Measurable Improvement (CMI) techniques to software system development. This paper outlines how to establish divisional and program‐specific processes to support the production of high quality, maintainable systems. The iterative process allows for the continuous evaluation, feedback, and improvement of the software systems. Metric tools and techniques support the evaluation of these developed systems. Continous measurement and trend analysis through the system life‐cycle provides real‐time indication of areas requiring improvement. The Canadian Automated Air Traffic System (CAATS) project of Hughes Canada Systems Division (HCSD) is used to illustrate the application of CMI to software system engineering.
Graduate Course for Systems Engineering at the Fachhochschule München
Authors: Hettich Gunter 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a successfully completed project that resulted in establishing the first graduate course for Systems Engineering in Germany. Furthermore the paper demonstrates how increasing industrial unemployment problems and academical considerations to reduce interface problems concerning the developement of electronical devices can be the basis of an excellent co‐operation between industrial companies and the Fachhochschule München. The paper is divided into three major parts: 1) a description of the background, of the history and of special restraints of the project, 2) the explanation of the curriculum and 3) practical experiences during the first two years after starting this eductional program.
A Course on Systems Engineering for Railway Projects
Authors: Jin Jenny Q. , Allan Jeff , Williams John 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe Railway Systems Engineering (RSE) team of the University of Birmingham is producing a new post‐experience course on the application of systems engineering for UK railway industry. The principal objective of this course is to give participants a detailed grounding in the application of systems engineering. The course work includes lectures, syndicate exercises, and laboratory workshop sessions. This paper presents our initial work on the course preparation, outlines the course contents, and discusses how the course will be delivered.
SYSTEMS REENGINEERING
Authors: Fisher Gerard H. , Fisher Jack , Pittman R. Bruce 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe current political environment is causing Congress to reduce the number of new program starts. In response, companies are reducing their research, development and capital investment budgets. Nevertheless, customers are demanding more value in the form of reduced cost, faster cycle time and higher quality products and processes. For a company to remain competitive and grow, it must find innovative means to improve performance. Systems reengineering may provide the “silver bullet.” This paper describes a new INCOSE Working Group (WG) formed by the merger of the Benchmarking and Good Practices WGs. A draft charter for the SRWG is proposed and areas of interest are discussed.
INCOSE Measurement Working Group Report
Authors: MacLean Jeanmarie , Roedler Garry , Antony Patrick 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper provides information on the INCOSE Measurement Working Group (MWG). The charter and goals are presented along with a short history of the working group. The activities from the past year are discussed to highlight accomplishments and future plans. A brief description of each measurement working group product is provided to inform the community of the products available to them.
2.1.1 Synthesis of an Anti‐Terrorist Air Transportation Security System
Authors: Woodhead M A , Priestley D 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe paper explores how a systems engineering methodology, based on a diagrammatic modeling approach which adopts a variety of viewpoints and perspectives, can be used to develop an initial understanding of the air transportation system (ATS) and an assessment of its susceptibility to terrorist threats. The ATS model is extended and refined in order to incorporate existing security systems, which can be assessed with regard to the susceptible components of the ATS. Similarly, the terrorist threat capability is modeled, providing a means by which future threats may be anticipated. Analysis of the interaction points between the systems allows the air transportation system's vulnerability to specific threats to be assessed. Since there are a large number of potential attack modes, there has to be some rationalization and down‐selection in order to give focus to what are perceived to be the most serious threats. This focus leads to the identification of counter‐measure concepts that can then be built into a comprehensive integrated security system.Clearly, this topic involves high levels of security restriction. It is not the intent of this paper to enter into confidential or classified topics, but rather to illustrate how a systems engineering approach can be utilized to provide a top‐level introduction to the problem of countering terrorist threats to air transportation in order to synthesize a layered security system.
3.1.3 An Optimization Strategy for Allocating Fault Detection and Fault Isolation Requirements
Authors: Carson Ronald S. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTTo support system maintenance, most deployed systems require some level of fault detection and fault isolation (FD/FI), often expressed as a percentage of faults detected, with a given rate or confidence‐level of fault isolation to a single, replaceable unit. In contrast to the usual method of allocating the identical FD or FI requirements to every replaceable unit, we propose a revised allocation method that optimizes system effectiveness (satisfying requirements for minimum cost). The resulting allocation both satisfies the system FD/FI requirements and provides an optimum solution over all elements of the system by considering the effect of varying failure rates for individual replaceable units.
1.2.3 Difficulties in Using Multicriterion Decision Making Techniques for Tradeoff Studies Selecting Amongst Alternative Concepts
Authors: Bahill A. Terry , Dahlberg Sten O. , Lowe Robert A. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTWhen choosing amongst alternative designs, decision‐makers would like to know that the choice of the preferred design is based on knowledge and experience, and not on some artifact of the decision making process. But often, the apparent best alternative is just that, an artifact of the method that was chosen to do the tradeoff study. In our research we applied seven multicriterion decision‐making techniques to some real‐world data sets. We found that the recommended alternative depended on the technique that was used.
2.2.3 Project Management and Systems Engineering: Where the Professions Intersect ‐ Generate Synergy Not Conflict
Authors: Kauffman Donald C. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTAn analysis of standards and guides for both the project management and systems engineering professions is presented which summarizes the areas of unique specialty in each profession and highlights the areas of intersection between the professions. Which profession should dominate the intersection? This paper presents guidelines to help the project stakeholders decide on a synergistic approach to addressing the intersection of the professions.
2.2.4 User Error: Practical Ways to Protect Your System
Authors: Courteney Hazel 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn civil air transport, at least 70% of accident causal factors are attributed to crew error, so technical reliability is not enough to guarantee safety. There is currently a great deal of discussion about ‘human factors’ in system design. There are text books written on how to create good ‘human centred’ designs; performance failures and accidents are frequently blamed on its shortfalls. This paper will argue that human performance should be considered in system safety assessment, and offers practical suggestions on how to achieve it.Specific techniques will be presented for:
Risk identification: a systematic method for the identification of risk areas, and the acceptability of the proposed design.
User Involvement: concrete advice on how and when to involve users, what specifically to ask them, and how to collate the results into a single design solution.
5.2.1 Development Life Cycle Mobile
Authors: Kelliher Timothy P. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTLife cycle models are of continuing interest to systems engineers and management because they provide a structure on which to base decisions and measure progress. The community has yet, however, to settle on a general model with which it is comfortable. Each of the models that have gained popularity over the years have had something to offer but have also failed to capture enough of the essence of the life cycle to provide the desired comfort. The models that have achieved wide use provide an intuitive metaphor, allowing users to quickly understand the status of the system with respect to the model. The life cycle mobile takes another step forward in the search for a comfortable model. It attempts to provide the necessary structure for decision making, maintain an intuitive metaphor, and most importantly reflect the actual way systems get developed.
5.2.5 Using Stakeholder Mental Models to Create An Integrated Conceptual Model for Systems
Authors: Gonzales Regina M. , Lovelace Nancy 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses initial findings from the research and development of a modeling tool that can be used by stakeholders. The goal of the tool is to allow stakeholders, who are not trained analysts, to create the first models of a system at the pre‐requirements stage. The approach we used was to study how people reason about systems as they create initial models of systems. In addition to learning about the models created, we discovered a meta‐language that stakeholders use while reasoning about a system. Both of these are rich sources of information an analyst can quickly use to form an initial integrated concept of the system. This integrated system model (ISM) reflects a more complete system concept than those created using analyst‐driven methods because the stakeholders viewpoints are fully utilized to create the ISM.
3.3.1 Why Don't System Engineers Want To Use System Engineering Tools?
Authors: Hopkins Frank W. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTConsulting with several different companies over the past few years, I find many system engineering organizations either don't use system engineering tools or don't use them effectively. Reluctance to use system engineering tools impedes effective and efficient system engineering.Some of the problems are:
Tools force one to do the hard work of system engineering and not gloss over such tasks as requirements parsing
Tools often require one to go to a separate work area
One never seems to finish the job when one uses a system engineering tool
One doesn't have time because of the need for viewgraphs for the next design review.
System engineering tools are complex; they differ in many ways from familiar word processing and viewgraph preparation tools.This paper will describe some pitfalls in non‐disciplined practice and how tools make the tasks easier. It will stress benefits of using tools rather than stream of consciousness. The paper will give recommendations for making tool use more acceptable.
1.4.2 Simulation Use During the Development of an Aircraft Cargo Handling System
Authors: Salzetti Sarah , Snow Robert 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the use and benefits of a simulation of the 767 freighter cargo handling system. Systems Engineering developed the simulation to support requirements development and validation, and system design and verification. To meet the 767 freighter mission and performance objectives, the cargo handling system was designed around a centralized controller, distributed IO architecture utilizing cargo position sensor feedback. This became the first Boeing cargo handling system using microprocessor based software to assess system status and operator inputs, and to command cargo movement. This paper provides a brief description of the cargo handling system. It also illustrates how the simulation was used to ensure that the system would meet its operational goals without violating the primary requirement of safety for crew, cargo loaders, airline maintenance personnel and the public.
3.4.1 Leading Indicators Of Rework: A Method of Preventing Software Defects
Authors: Stewart Ronald , Holt Peter , John Robert 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTAt Raytheon Systems Canada Ltd. (RSCL), it has been found that certain software metrics provide early warning signs of future rework. By using leading indicators early in the software development cycle to identify high risk units, substantial rework can be saved later in the cycle. It is expected that this finding can be replicated on any project with a software review and testing process, development environment, and metrics program similar to that of a RSCL project.
3.4.3 Web‐Based Systems Engineering Application Profiles
Authors: Austin Mark A. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTVersion 1.0 of the INCOSE Systems Engineering Applications Profiles have been published in traditional report form (INCOSE AFWG, 1996). This paper describes the design, implementation, and presentation of Systems Engineering Applications Profiles (SEAPs) on the World Wide by Graduate Students in the Master of Science in Systems Engineering Program at the Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park. We believe that the educational and professional benefits of presenting Systems Engineering Application Profiles in a hypermedia format on the World Wide Web extend well beyond simple delivery of data/information. The use of Java Applets for on‐line interactive analysis of simple systems analysis problems will be described. This paper concludes with a summary of the student feedback in this course and our current plans for further development of on‐line applications profiles.
4.4.1 Systems Engineering in the Intensive Care Unit: A Model of Post‐Operative Patient Re‐Awakening Time
Authors: Zaleski John R. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn a study of the post‐operative recovery of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) patients, it was observed that these patients tended to awaken from the effects of anesthesia at varying rates. Because the time at which patients awoke was critical to latter phases of the study, determining the factors which affected the rate of re‐awakening were of primary importance. To determine the critical parameters which influenced the re‐awakening time of CABG patients, a closed‐form model of the patients' cardiovascular and respiratory systems was constructed to isolate and identify the number of parameters which were thought to affect reawakening time. As a result of this analysis, a mathematical relationship was determined which described the re‐awakening time of a patient as a function of several physiological parameters. These included patient body temperature, body mass, body size, and the quantity of anesthetic (fentanyl) administered during surgery. The work discussed in this paper was performed at the University of Pennsylvania in conjunction with my Ph.D. dissertation requirements.
5.4.3 The Global Information Infrastructure, the Global Information Society, is it a reality?
Authors: Piedras Graciela 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDigital technologies have opened new opportunities and allowed the convergence of telecommunications, broadcasting and information technologies. In spite of the excitement for the Global Information Infrastructure/Global Information Society, GII/GIS, there are still many obstacles to overcome to be able to achieve it, such as defining standards and protocols, ensure interoperability, interconnection and international cooperation. This paper examines strategic options that can be followed to implement the GII. The analysis addresses how it generates opportunities to develop applications such as in distance learning, telemedicine, trade, etc., and how it can also widen the gap between developed and developing countries if the necessary steps are not taken so as to ensure that the essential technology is available to the countries. Among the means to attain there is a brief overview of regulatory aspects an issue that is a priority if we want to make the GII a reality.
3.5.1 Developing and Applying a Joint SW‐CMM and SECM Appraisal Methodology
Authors: Hollenbach Craig R. , Mosier Steve 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTPeriodic appraisals of process maturity as measured by both systems and software maturity models are costly undertakings and divert project engineers and managers from their primary focus. To minimize the cost and impact, a single appraisal method that addresses both systems and software engineering in a timely and cost‐effective manner is needed. This presentation discusses the current state of software engineering and systems engineering maturity models (using the EIA 731 SECM and the SEI CMM for Software) in terms of their commonalties and unique features and describes one company's efforts to develop a joint appraisal method.
5.5.3 Business Process Re‐Engineering: Team Building
Authors: Flowers Shirlee J. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the re‐engineering of a business process resulting in the implementation of an alternative management structure for a large aerospace engineering services organization. The paper examines some basic concepts for aligning tasks, schedules, budget and people into an effective management and staff with emphasis on the work to be performed. Analytic tools were used to derive the benefits and value of reorganizing the work force into a medium‐sized department of 41 personnel. The results indicate that the reorganization was beneficial in project accomplishment, cost, risk reduction, people satisfaction, and customer satisfaction. In summary, the re‐engineering of the business process improved the management process.
2.6.3 Workshops and Forums for Engineering and Management of Complex Systems1
Authors: Crisp H. E. , Franke M. E. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTCharacteristics of complex systems and systems engineering practices are reviewed. A workshop program (WES‐21) sponsored by the U. S. Navy for promoting wise technology investments in the engineering and management of complex systems in the 21st century is described. Topics and results from the three annual workshops held in 1994, 1995, and 1996 are discussed. Due to changes in the way the Department of Defense (DoD) acquires goods and services, the third workshop was designed to couple the group discussions closely with the DoD mandated concepts of Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD). The Lean Aircraft Initiative (LAI) program, which is independent of WES 21, is also discussed. LAI is aimed at lean manufacturing principles and practices.
2.6.4 The New Academia: Computer‐Based Distance Learning Case Study
Authors: Worden Gregory 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTShrinking budgets and increased competition have forced industry to seek new technologies to increase efficiency. The explosive growth of the Internet has brought the promise of inexpensive and novel applications such as GroupWare.Very quietly, the world next door is undergoing a revolution. Working professionals are returning to continuing education programs to maintain a competitive edge. They demand flexibility in both time and place. Academia has responded.ActiveClass is one of the new breed of computer‐based distance learning programs. It employs the latest software components in a familiar design that allows students to attend class from the office or at home, virtually anywhere in the world.The experiences working professionals gain in academia will be brought back to industry. GroupWare is now being used for research and electronic meetings, not only to reduce travel cost but also to engender a deeper collaboration.