bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Christ in the Limelight: Contemporary Films and Christological Discourse
Authors: Guðmundsdóttir Arnfríður 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe aim of this article is to show how theology can, through the medium of film, engage contemporary interpretations of Jesus’ person and work. Starting out by tracing the development taking place in films about Jesus throughout the twentieth century, the focus then moves to a theological reading of Mel Gibson's interpretation of the passion story for the twenty‐first century in his movie The Passion of the Christ.
The Spirituality of Justification
Authors: Peters Ted 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe doctrine of justification‐by‐faith has gathered enough dust on its shelf in the museum of antiquated doctrines. When we draw justification‐by‐faith out where we can take a good look at it, it glistens like a mirror. It reflects back to us human beings who we are. We are self‐justifiers. In the name of justice, we perpetrate violence. The pursuit of justice does as much damage as the pursuit of injustice, unfortunately. Like a mirror, justification‐by‐faith reveals who we are and announces that God justifies us by grace. This means we do not have to self‐justify. Liberated from self‐justification, the Christian is free to love for the sake of the beloved.
Multiple natural enemies cause distance‐dependent mortality at the seed‐to‐seedling transition
Authors: Fricke Evan C. , Tewksbury Joshua J. , Rogers Haldre S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSpecialised natural enemies maintain forest diversity by reducing tree survival in a density‐ or distance‐dependent manner. Fungal pathogens, insects and mammals are the enemy types most commonly hypothesised to cause this phenomenon. Still, their relative importance remains largely unknown, as robust manipulative experiments have generally targeted a single enemy type and life history stage. Here, we use fungicide, insecticide and physical exclosure treatments to isolate the impacts of each enemy type on two life history stages (germination and early seedling survival) in three tropical tree species. Distance dependence was evident for five of six species‐stage combinations, with each enemy type causing distance dependence for at least one species stage and their importance varying widely between species and stages. Rather than implicating one enemy type as the primary agent of this phenomenon, our field experiments suggest that multiple agents acting at different life stages collectively contribute to this diversity‐promoting mechanism.
Confocal microscopy: a new era in understanding the pathophysiologic background of inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Moscarella Elvira , Argenziano Giuseppe , Lallas Aimilios , Pellacani Giovanni , Longo Caterina 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOne of the emerging and intriguing applications of reflectance confocal microscopy is the evaluation of ‘dynamic’ processes of the skin that cannot be otherwise analysed using histopathology that offers a picture of the tissue at one time point. This is nicely illustrated by recent article by Wolberink et al. in the current issue of Exp Dermatol, in which the Authors evaluated patterns and time interval of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration in psoriatic plaques by means of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). This example underscores that a new era of confocal microscopy is starting, which promises to reveal a dynamic in vivo understanding of the pathophysiology of human skin diseases.
Role of the histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase Suv39 h1 in maintaining Epsteinn–Barr virus latency in B95–8 cells
Authors: Imai Kenichi , Kamio Noriaki , Cueno Marni E. , Saito Yuko , Inoue Hiroko , Saito Ichiro , Ochiai Kuniyasu 
Published: March 2014

The ability of Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) to establish latent infection is associated with infectious mononucleosis and a number of malignancies. In EBV, the product of the BZLF1 gene (ZEBRA) acts as a master regulator of the transition from latency to the lytic replication cycle in latently infected cells. EBV latency is primarily maintained by hypoacetylation of histone proteins in the BZLF1 promoter by histone deacetylases. Although histone methylation is involved in the organization of chromatin domains and has a central epigenetic role in gene expression, its role in maintaining EBV latency is not well understood. Here we present evidence that the histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase suppressor of variegation 3–9 homolog 1 (Suv39 h1) transcriptionally represses BZLF1 in B95–8 cells by promoting repressive trimethylation at H3K9 (H3K9me3). Suv39 h1 significantly inhibited basal expression and ZEBRA‐induced BZLF1 gene expression in B95–8 B cells. However, mutant Suv39 h1 lacks the SET domain responsible for catalytic activity of histone methyl transferase and thus had no such effect. BZLF1 transcription was augmented when Suv39 h1 expression was knocked down by siRNA in B95–8 cells, but not in Akata or Raji cells. In addition, treatment with a specific Suv39 h1 inhibitor, chaetocin, significantly enhanced BZLF1 transcription. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the presence of Suv39 h1 and H3K9me3 on nucleosome histones near the BZLF1 promoter. Taken together, these results suggest that Suv39 h1–H3K9me3 epigenetic repression is involved in BZLF1 transcriptional silencing, providing a molecular basis for understanding the mechanism by which EBV latency is maintained.
Weak protein–ligand interactions studied by small‐angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Tuukkanen Anne T. , Svergun Dmitri I. 
Published: March 2014

Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) is a powerful technique for studying weak interactions between proteins and their ligands (other proteins, DNA/RNA or small molecules) in solution. SAXS provides knowledge about the equilibrium state, the stoichiometry of binding and association–dissociation processes. The measurements are conducted in a solution environment that allows easy monitoring of modifications in protein–ligand association state upon environmental changes. Model‐free parameters such as the molecular mass of a system and the radius of gyration can be obtained directly from the SAXS data and give indications about the association state. SAXS is also widely employed to build models of biological assemblies at a resolution of approximately 10–20 Å. Low‐resolution shapes can be generated ab initio, although more detailed and biologically interpretable information can be obtained by hybrid modelling. In the latter approach, composite structures of protein–ligand complexes are constructed using atomic models of individual molecules. These may be predicted homology models or experimental structures from X‐ray crystallography or NMR. This review focuses on using SAXS data to model structures of protein–ligand complexes and to study their dynamics. The combination of SAXS with other methods such as size exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering is discussed.
Effects of Seasonal Operation on the Quality of Water Produced by Public‐Supply Wells
Authors: Bexfield Laura M. , Jurgens Bryant C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSeasonal variability in groundwater pumping is common in many places, but resulting effects of seasonal pumping stress on the quality of water produced by public‐supply wells are not thoroughly understood. Analysis of historical water‐quality samples from public‐supply wells completed in deep basin‐fill aquifers in Modesto, California (134 wells) and Albuquerque, New Mexico (95 wells) indicates that several wells have seasonal variability in concentrations of contaminants of concern. In Modesto, supply wells are more likely to produce younger groundwater with higher nitrate and uranium concentrations during the summer (high) pumping season than during the winter (low) pumping season. In Albuquerque, supply wells are more likely to produce older groundwater with higher arsenic concentrations during the winter pumping season than during the summer pumping season. Seasonal variability in contaminant concentrations in Modesto is influenced primarily by effects of summer pumping on vertical hydraulic gradients that drive migration of shallow groundwater through the aquifer to supply wells. Variability in Albuquerque is influenced primarily by the period of time that a supply well is idle, allowing its wellbore to act as a conduit for vertical groundwater flow and contaminant migration. However, both processes are observed in each study area. Similar findings would appear to be likely in other alluvial basins with stratified water quality and substantial vertical head gradients. Results suggest that even in aquifers dominated by old groundwater, changes to seasonal pumping patterns and/or to depth of well completion can help reduce vulnerability to selected contaminants of either natural or anthropogenic origin.
Evaluation of fluorescence in‐situ hybridization in monomorphic endometrial stromal neoplasms and their histological mimics: a review of 49 cases
Authors: Stewart Colin J R , Leung Yee C , Murch Ashleigh , Peverall Joanne 
Published: March 2014

AimsTo perform a population‐based review of monomorphic endometrial stromal tumours and their histological mimics presenting over a 20‐year period, including an evaluation of fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) for the JAZF1 and YWHAE breakaparts.Methods and resultsForty‐nine tumours were examined, comprising 13 histological mimics and 36 endometrial stromal tumours [six stromal nodules (ESNs), 25 low‐grade stromal sarcomas (ESSs), and five monomorphic undifferentiated sarcomas (mUESs)]. Nine ESSs showed variant histological patterns, including smooth muscle, sex cord‐like/glandular, fibrous or rhabdoid differentiation. Three ESSs were initially misclassified as benign uterine lesions, and, conversely, three benign mimics were originally reported as ESSs. One mUES showed a prominent pseudopapillary pattern. Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization demonstrated JAZF1 breakaparts in five of six ESNs and 16 of 25 ESSs; however, only three of nine ESS variants were positive. YWHAE breakaparts were present in four of five mUESs. Analysis of a subsequent metastasis in the YWHAE breakapart‐negative mUES demonstrated a YWHAE deletion. None of the histological mimics was positive in FISH analysis. Diffuse cyclin D1 expression was restricted to mUESs in this series.ConclusionsEndometrial stromal neoplasms continue to present diagnostic difficulty. Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization analysis is helpful in distinguishing stromal tumours from their histological mimics and in distinguishing ESS from mUES.
High intratumoral macrophage content is an adverse prognostic feature in anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Pedersen Martin B , Danielsen Allan V , Hamilton‐Dutoit Stephen J , Bendix Knud , Nørgaard Peter , Møller Michael B , Steiniche Torben , d'Amore Francesco 
Published: March 2014

AimsMacrophage infiltration has been associated with prognosis in several cancers, including lymphoma, but has not been assessed systematically in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). The aim of the study was to correlate expression of the macrophage‐associated antigens CD68 and CD163 with pre‐therapeutic parameters and outcome in a cohort of treatment‐naive ALCL patients.Methods and resultsPre‐therapeutic tumour specimens from 52 patients with ALCL were included in a tissue microarray. The intratumoral macrophage content was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for CD68 and CD163, and quantified using digital image analysis. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive patients were significantly younger and had a favourable outcome compared with ALK‐negative ALCL patients (median age: 42 versus 59 years; P = 0.008). However, ALK expression was not a significant predictor when adjusting for age. Although classical risk factors were distributed evenly between the compared groups, high intratumoral content of CD68 and/or CD163 correlated with poor outcome, in both univariate and multivariate analyses. High intratumoral CD163 content showed the strongest adverse association with both overall and progression‐free survival in ALK‐negative patients (P < 0.001).ConclusionsA high content of intratumoral CD68‐ and/or CD163‐positive macrophages correlates with an adverse outcome in ALK‐negative ALCL.
Etravirine in treatment‐experienced, HIV‐1‐infected children and adolescents: 48‐week safety, efficacy and resistance analysis of the phase II PIANO study
Authors: Tudor‐Williams G , Cahn P , Chokephaibulkit K , Fourie J , Karatzios C , Dincq S , Opsomer M , Kakuda TN , Nijs S , Tambuyzer L , Tomaka FL ,   PIANO study group
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesPIANO (Paediatric study of Intelence As an NNRTI Option; TMC125‐C213; NCT00665847) assessed the safety/tolerability, antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of etravirine plus an optimized background regimen (OBR) in treatment‐experienced, HIV‐1‐infected children (≥ 6 to < 12 years) and adolescents (≥ 12 to < 18 years) over 48 weeks.MethodsIn a phase II, open‐label, single‐arm study, 101 treatment‐experienced patients (41 children; 60 adolescents) with screening viral load (VL) ≥ 500 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL received etravirine 5.2 mg/kg (maximum dose 200 mg) twice a day (bid) plus OBR.ResultsSixty‐seven per cent of patients had previously used efavirenz or nevirapine. At week 48, the most common treatment‐related grade ≥ 2 adverse event (AE) was rash (13%); 12% experienced grade 3 AEs. Only two grade 4 AEs occurred (both thrombocytopaenia, not etravirine related). At week 48, 56% of patients (68% children; 48% adolescents) achieved a virological response (VL<50 copies/mL; intent‐to‐treat, noncompleter=failure). Factors predictive of response were adherence > 95%, male sex, low baseline etravirine weighted genotypic score and high etravirine trough concentration (C0h). Seventy‐six patients (75%) completed the trial; most discontinuations occurred because of protocol noncompliance or AEs (8% each). Sixty‐five per cent of patients were > 95% adherent by questionnaire and 39% by pill count. Forty‐one patients experienced virological failure (VF; time‐to‐loss‐of‐virological‐response non‐VF‐censored algorithm) (29 nonresponders; 12 rebounders). Of 30 patients with VF with paired baseline/endpoint genotypes, 18 (60%) developed nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations, most commonly Y181C. Mean etravirine area under the plasma concentration–time curve over 12 h (AUC0–12h; 5216 ng h/mL) and C0h (346 ng/mL) were comparable to adult target values.ConclusionsResults with etravirine 5.2 mg/kg bid (with OBR) in this treatment‐experienced paediatric population and etravirine 200 mg bid in treatment‐experienced adults were comparable. Etravirine is an NNRTI option for treatment‐experienced paediatric patients.
Life Environmentalism: A Model Developed under Environmental Degradation
Authors: Torigoe Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe life environmentalism model, which emphasizes the lives and livelihoods of local communities, was developed in Japan on the basis of intensive field research in the Lake Biwa district. There were two opposing schools of thought when the model was created in 1984. One school recognized the benefits of untouched nature, relied on ecology as a science and was supported by ecological movements. We label this model natural environmentalism (the eco‐system model). The other school of thought maintained that the development of modern technology could resolve environmental problems and was strongly supported by the administrators of the Lake Biwa district. We have called this modern technocentrism. After critiquing both ideas we propose a life environmentalism model, which focuses on matters of ownership, community organization and residents' consciousness using the concepts of common possession, iibun (group views) and life consciousness. The model is effective in densely populated countries such as Japan and China but it may not be useful in areas with a low population density. The differences between the basic ideas of this model and the other two models, especially the eco‐system model, may provide hints on suitable ways to preserve the environment.
Union modernisation, coalitions and vulnerable work in the construction sector in Britain
Authors: Mustchin Stephen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article analyses vulnerable work in the construction sector, the impact of the recession and union responses to these problems including the development of coalitions with civil society and state organisations, and provision of new services to members and other workers faced with heightened vulnerability at work. The case study is based on qualitative interviews and internal documentation, and focuses on the construction union, Union of Construction, Allied Technicians and Trades, and its work supported by the government‐backed Union Modernisation Fund. The findings demonstrate some innovative approaches to supporting workers facing vulnerability in terms of job insecurity, health and safety and other problems, including drawing on support from other organisations with specific expertise and resources. Problems in terms of the political contingency of these links, vulnerability in terms of changing funding regimes and priorities within state agencies, and the vast scale of the problem of vulnerability at work are also highly prominent.
Efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of octenidine wound gel in the treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers in comparison to modern wound dressings
Authors: Hämmerle Gilbert , Strohal Robert 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the efficacy, safety and cost‐effectiveness of an octenidine‐based wound gel in the treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers. For this purpose, 49 wounds were treated with either modern wound‐phase‐adapted dressings alone (treatment arm 1; n = 17), octenidine wound gel plus modern wound‐phase‐adapted dressings (treatment arm 2; n = 17) or octenidine wound gel alone (treatment arm 3; n = 15). During the study period of 42 days with dressing changes every 3–5 days, wound healing characteristics and treatment costs of different dressings were analysed. Wound size reduction was significantly better (P = 0·028) in both octenidine wound gel treatment arms compared to modern dressings alone with total reductions of 14·6%, 64·1% and 96·2% in treatment arms 1–3. Early wound healing was merely observed under octenidine wound gel treatment (n = 9), whereby lowest treatment costs were generated by octenidine wound gel alone (€20·34/dressing change). As a result, the octenidine wound gel is cost‐effective and well suitable for the treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers, considering both safety and promotion of wound healing.
Effects of periodontal treatment on lung function and exacerbation frequency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic periodontitis: A 2‐year pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Han Jing , Liu Zhiqiang , Song Yiqing , Wang Zuomin , Sun Zheng 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the direct effects of periodontal therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).Materials and MethodsIn a pilot randomized controlled trial, 60 COPD patients with CP were randomly assigned to receive scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment, supragingival scaling treatment, or oral hygiene instructions only with no periodontal treatment. We evaluated their periodontal indexes, respiratory function, and COPD exacerbations at baseline, 6 months, 1, and 2 years.ResultsCompared with the control group, measurements of periodontal indexes were significantly improved in patients in two treatment groups at 6‐month, 1‐year, and 2‐year follow‐up (all p < 0.05). Overall, the means of forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and FEV1 were significantly higher in the two therapy groups compared with the control group during the follow‐up (p < 0.05). In addition, the frequencies of COPD exacerbation were significantly lower in the two therapy groups than in the control group at 2‐year follow‐up (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur preliminary results from this pilot trial suggest that periodontal therapy in COPD patients with CP may improve lung function and decrease the frequency of COPD exacerbation.
Development of Bread with NaCl Reduction and Calcium Fortification: Study of Its Quality Characteristics
Authors: Bassett Maria N. , Pérez‐Palacios Trinidad , Cipriano Inês , Cardoso Paulo , Ferreira Isabel M.P.L.V.O. , Samman Norma , Pinho Olívia 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe impact of NaCl reduction and replacement by CaCl2 : CaCO3 (50:50) on dough and bread characteristics is addressed in this study. Three recipes of white bread were formulated with different percentage of NaCl substitution; all doughs had 1.8 g of total salts added per 100 g flour weight basis. Comparison was performed against control bread containing 1.8 g of NaCl per 100 g flour weight basis. Alveograph and farinograph results indicated that addition of calcium decreased dough extensibility, stretchability and stability time, keeping strong flour characteristics. Calcium salts increased hardness of upper crust and decreased hardness of lower crust. An increase of calcium salts promoted lighter crumb and crust color. Descriptive sensory analysis indicated that 16 out of 25 traits showed significant differences between control and recipes. Principal component analysis using variables such as texture, color and sensory traits indicated that breads produced with 50% NaCl substitution were comparable with the control.Practical ApplicationsThe current interest in promoting a healthy diet encourages the design of foods that prevent diseases and cover specific nutritional requirements. Thus, reduction of salt intake and the fortification with beneficial minerals such as calcium is pertinent, as bread constitutes an important source of salt intake and its calcium contribution is low. The results show that it is possible to maintain the organoleptic characteristics and acceptability of the bread with reduced sodium content and 50% replacement by calcium salts. Estimating bread serving of 50 g, the calcium‐fortified bread with 50% sodium reduction could cover 13.5 and 17.6% of the calcium recommended daily intake for schoolchildren and adults with added beneficial effect on health, due to salt reduction. The purposed change in the sodium–calcium content has a dual beneficial effect on the health of the population, prevents problems related to high salt intake and helps to resolve calcium deficiency.
Benefits Organizations Pursue when Seeking Competitive Advantage by Improving Environmental Performance
Authors: Finster Mark P. , Hernke Michael T. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryOrganizations cognitive of the strategic risk and opportunities associated with environmental challenges may employ industrial ecology (IE) concepts, methods, and tools to develop capabilities that both enhance environmental performance and provide competitive benefits. We introduce a typology of strategic benefits related to competitive advantage that are enabled by improved environmental performance. Industry examples illustrate how organizations embed IE concepts and methods into systems to generate capabilities that deliver these benefits and configure them for competitive advantage. The examples demonstrate the idiosyncratic, path‐dependent nature of capability development that helps sustain advantage, especially when competitors lack cognition of the global scope of the challenge, and the risks and benefits involved.