bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of IFN-γ Increases Brain Pathology in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis–Susceptible DRB1*0301.DQ8 HLA Transgenic Mice through Secretion of Proinflammatory Cytokine IL-17 and Induction of Pathogenic Monocytes/Microglia into the Central Nervous System
Authors: Mangalam Ashutosh K. , Luo Ningling , Luckey David , Papke Louisa , Hubbard Alyssa , Wussow Arika , Smart Michele , Giri Shailendra , Rodriguez Moses , David Chella 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the CNS of presumed autoimmune origin. Of all the genetic factors linked with multiple sclerosis, MHC class II molecules have the strongest association. Generation of HLA class II transgenic (Tg) mice has helped to elucidate the role of HLA class II genes in chronic inflammatory and demyelinating diseases. We have shown that the human HLA-DRB1*0301 gene predisposes to proteolipid protein (PLP)–induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), whereas HLA-DQβ1*0601 (DQ6) was resistant. We also showed that the DQ6 molecule protects from EAE in DRB1*0301.DQ6 double-Tg mice by producing anti-inflammatory IFN-γ. HLA-DQβ1*0302 (DQ8) Tg mice were also resistant to PLP91–110–induced EAE, but production of proinflammatory IL-17 exacerbated disease in DRB1*0301.DQ8 mice. To further confirm the role of IFN-γ in protection, we generated DRB1*0301.DQ8 mice lacking IFN-γ (DRB1*0301.DQ8.IFN-γ−/−). Immunization with PLP91–110 peptide caused atypical EAE in DRB1*0301.DQ8.IFN-γ−/− mice characterized by ataxia, spasticity, and dystonia, hallmarks of brain-specific disease. Severe brain-specific inflammation and demyelination in DRB1*0301.DQ8.IFN-γ−/− mice with minimal spinal cord pathology further confirmed brain-specific pathology. Atypical EAE in DRB1*0301.DQ8.IFN-γ−/− mice was associated with increased encephalitogenicity of CD4 T cells and their ability to produce greater levels of IL-17 and GM-CSF compared with DRB1*0301.DQ8 mice. Further, areas with demyelination showed increased presence of CD68+ inflammatory cells, suggesting an important role for monocytes/microglia in causing brain pathology. Thus, our study supports a protective role for IFN-γ in the demyelination of brain through downregulation of IL-17/GM-CSF and induction of neuroprotective factors in the brain by monocytes/microglial cells.
C4 Deficiency Is a Predisposing Factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae–Induced Autoantibody Production
Authors: Yammani Rama D. , Leyva Marcela A. , Jennings Ryan N. , Haas Karen M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Reductions in C4 levels may predispose individuals to infection with encapsulated bacteria as well as autoimmunity. In this study, we examined the role C4 has in protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae–induced autoimmunity. Mild respiratory infection with serotype 19F pneumococci selectively induced systemic anti-dsDNA IgA production in naive C4−/− mice, but not in C3−/− or wild-type mice. Systemic challenge with virulent serotype 3 pneumococci also induced anti-dsDNA IgA production in immune C4−/− mice. Remarkably, pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) vaccination alone induced C4−/− mice to produce increased anti-dsDNA IgA levels that were maintained in some mice for months. These effects were most pronounced in female C4−/− mice. Importantly, immunization-induced increases in anti-dsDNA IgA levels were strongly associated with increased IgA deposition in kidneys. Cross-reactivity between pneumococcal Ags and dsDNA played a partial role in the induction of anti-dsDNA IgA, but a major role for PPS-associated TLR2 agonists was also revealed. Administration of the TLR2/4 antagonist, OxPAPC, at the time of PPS immunization completely blocked the production of anti-dsDNA IgA in C4−/− mice without suppressing PPS-specific Ab production. The TLR2 agonist, Pam3CSK4, similarly induced anti-dsDNA IgA production in C4−/− mice, which OxPAPC also prevented. LPS, a TLR4 agonist, had no effect. Pam3CSK4, but not LPS, also induced dsDNA-specific IgA production by C4−/− splenic IgA+ B cells in vitro, indicating that TLR2 agonists can stimulate autoantibody production via B cell–intrinsic mechanisms. Collectively, our results show an important role for C4 in suppressing autoantibody production elicited by cross-reactive Ags and TLR2 agonists associated with S. pneumoniae.
Adoptive Immunotherapy of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer with Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells, Potentiated by Liposomal Alendronic Acid
Authors: Parente-Pereira Ana C. , Shmeeda Hilary , Whilding Lynsey M. , Zambirinis Constantinos P. , Foster Julie , van der Stegen Sjoukje J. C. , Beatson Richard , Zabinski Tomasz , Brewig Nancy , Sosabowski Jane K. , Mather Stephen , Ghaem-Maghami Sadaf , Gabizon Alberto , Maher John 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using γδ T cells harnesses their natural role in tumor immunosurveillance. The efficacy of this approach is enhanced by aminobisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid and alendronic acid, both of which promote the accumulation of stimulatory phosphoantigens in target cells. However, the inefficient and nonselective uptake of these agents by tumor cells compromises the effective clinical exploitation of this principle. To overcome this, we have encapsulated aminobisphosphonates within liposomes. Expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from patients and healthy donors displayed similar phenotype and destroyed autologous and immortalized ovarian tumor cells, following earlier pulsing with either free or liposome-encapsulated aminobisphosphonates. However, liposomal zoledronic acid proved highly toxic to SCID Beige mice. By contrast, the maximum tolerated dose of liposomal alendronic acid was 150-fold higher, rendering it much more suited to in vivo use. When injected into the peritoneal cavity, free and liposomal alendronic acid were both highly effective as sensitizing agents, enabling infused γδ T cells to promote the regression of established ovarian tumors by over one order of magnitude. Importantly however, liposomal alendronic acid proved markedly superior compared with free drug following i.v. delivery, exploiting the “enhanced permeability and retention effect” to render advanced tumors susceptible to γδ T cell–mediated shrinkage. Although folate targeting of liposomes enhanced the sensitization of folate receptor–α+ ovarian tumor cells in vitro, this did not confer further therapeutic advantage in vivo. These findings support the development of an immunotherapeutic approach for ovarian and other tumors in which adoptively infused γδ T cells are targeted using liposomal alendronic acid.
The Association of Pre-Existing Left Atrial Fibrosis with Clinical Variables in Patients Referred for Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Dewire Jane , Khurram Irfan M. , Pashakhanloo Farhad , Spragg David , Marine Joseph E. , Berger Ronald D. , Ashikaga Hiroshi , Rickard John , Zimmerman Stefan L. , Zipunnikov Vadim , Calkins Hugh , Nazarian Saman 
Published: October 2014

Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after ablation is associated with left atrial (LA) fibrosis on late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We sought to determine pre-ablation, clinical characteristics that associate with the extent of LA fibrosis in patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF. Methods and Results Consecutive patients presenting for catheter ablation of AF were enrolled and underwent LGE-MRI prior to initial AF ablation. The extent of fibrosis as a percentage of total LA myocardium was calculated in all patients prior to ablation. The cohort was divided into quartiles based on the percentage of fibrosis. Of 60 patients enrolled in the cohort, 13 had <5% fibrosis (Group 1), 15 had 5-7% fibrosis (Group 2), 17 had 8-13% fibrosis (Group 3), and 15 had 14-36% fibrosis (Group 4). The extent of LA fibrosis was positively associated with time in continuous AF, and the presence of persistent or longstanding persistent AF. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the presence of comorbid conditions, age, BMI, LA volume, or family history of AF among the four groups. After adjusting for diabetes and hypertension in a multivariable linear regression model, paroxysmal AF remained independently and negatively associated with the extent of fibrosis (-4.0 ± 1.8, P = 0.034). Conclusion The extent of LA fibrosis in patients undergoing AF ablation is associated with AF type and time in continuous AF. Our results suggest that the presence and duration of AF are primary determinants of increased atrial LGE.
Use of Instructor-Produced YouTube® Videos to Supplement Manual Skills Training in Occupational Therapy Education
Authors: McAlister Robert B. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
An ongoing challenge to occupational therapy educators is how to provide resources and strategies that best assist students in learning, retaining, and replicating protocols in clinical manual assessment. This pilot survey study explored how 43 first-year master’s of occupational therapy students enrolled in a kinesiology course perceived the value of implementing instructor-produced YouTube® videos of in-class assessment demonstrations. The videos, taken on a smartphone, were uploaded to a private YouTube URL created by the instructor and then linked to a pre-established Moodle learning platform. By the end of the 6-wk course, students had registered 2,573 views averaging 60 views per student. Postcourse mixed survey results revealed students perceived that the videos improved the quality of the course, increased their level of engagement and learning, and boosted confidence in their manual skills. Survey results also found that students correlated the instructor’s willingness to develop online videos with a commitment to student learning.
Nieuwe strafwetgeving: de stand van zaken
Authors: Verbaan Joost H.J. , Salverda Barbara A. 
Published: October 2014

Nieuwe strafwetgeving: de stand van zaken
In deze bijdrage bespreken de auteurs de (aankomende) nieuwe strafwetgeving van de landen Aruba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten en het gebied van de BES. Beide auteurs maken deel uit van het Antilliaanse projectteam van professor De Doelder. Dit projectteam heeft bijstand verleend bij de totstandkoming van het nieuwe Wetboek van Strafrecht (zelfstandig voor elk van de landen), alsmede bij de herziening van het Caribisch Wetboek van Strafvordering (eenvormig). Met het moderniseren van de teksten wordt in alle landen nieuwe strafwetgeving gecreëerd, met uiteraard de nodige wijzigingen in bestaande praktijk tot gevolg.
De Eilandsverordening Bevordering Openbare Orde en Bescherming Gemeenschap en het technisch keuren van voertuigen voor Karnaval en Seú.
Authors: Hu-a-ng Wendy A.M. 
Published: October 2014

De Eilandsverordening Bevordering Openbare Orde en Bescherming Gemeenschap en het technisch keuren van voertuigen voor Karnaval en Seú.
Elk jaar worden op Curaçao optochten op de openbare weg georganiseerd zoals Karnaval en Seú. De wettelijke grondslag voor het verlenen van vergunningen voor deze evenementen is vervallen. Niettemin dienen voertuigen die gebruikt worden voor Karnaval en Seú uit veiligheidsoverwegingen technisch goedgekeurd te zijn. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op deze aspecten en anderen zoals de bevoegdheid van de minister, de rechtsbescherming van de keuringplichtige en de noodzaak van een wettelijke regeling op het gebied van de openbare orde.
Contractuele verrekening tijdens faillissement
Authors: Bottse Robert M. 
Published: October 2014

Contractuele verrekening tijdens faillissement
Contractueel kan van het bepaalde in afdeling 6.1.12 BW worden afgeweken. De verrekeningsbepalingen van afdeling 6.1.12 BW zijn in faillissement onverkort van toepassing mits niet strijdig met de bijzondere verrekeningsbepalingen van artikel 49, 50 en 51 Faillissementsbesluit (Fb). Op grond van jurisprudentie van de Hoge Raad kan een nauwkeurig raamwerk van regels worden onderscheiden waar het gaat om het toepassingsbereik van artikel 49 en 50 Fb. In deze bijdrage richt de auteur zich op de vraag in hoeverre een contractueel beding waarbij wordt afgeweken van de bepalingen van afdeling 6.1.12 BW van kracht blijft tijdens faillissement.
Relationships between pig welfare, productivity and farmer disposition
Authors: Jääskeläinen T , Kauppinen T , Vesala KM , Valros A 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was, firstly, to investigate the connection between on-farm assessed welfare scores and production parameters for sows, and secondly, to examine how farmers perceive the connection between their disposition, animal welfare and productivity. We assessed environmental and management preconditions on animal welfare and interviewed farmers on 30 Finnish farms. We studied the relationship between welfare and production using correlation and regression analyses. The theory of planned behaviour served as an articulation of farmer disposition when studying farmer perceptions. Concerning the production data, better welfare scores from the ‘health and stockmanship’ category during lactation were correlated with shorter reproduction cycle and fewer stillborn piglets and it also explained some of the variation in the number of piglets per year and the length of the farrowing interval. The farmers agreed that the productivity parameters and the principles of assessing welfare used in this study were relevant. A majority of farmers considered that animal welfare affects productivity and that there are associations between farmer attitudes, animal welfare and productivity. There were no statistical relationships between farmer perceptions and animal welfare; yet on the farms of farmers with positive perceptions of attitudes to animal welfare and productivity there were slightly lower piglet mortality rates and lower stillbirth rates than on the farms with farmers holding less positive views. We conclude that actions to improve animal welfare also have an economic impact as they enhance sow production. Good stockmanship and healthier animals result in more piglets born and a shorter reproduction cycle.
Management of Ionizing Radiation Injuries and Illnesses, Part 5: Local Radiation Injury
Authors: Iddins Carol J. , Christensen Doran M. , Parrillo Steven J. , Glassman Erik S. , Goans Ronald E. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This final article in the series on the medical management of ionizing radiation injuries and illnesses focuses on the effects of acute ionizing radiation exposure to one of the largest organ systems of the body—the skin. These injuries may extend beyond the skin into deeper tissues and cause local radiation injury. There are numerous causes of these injuries, ranging from industrial incidents to medical procedures. In the present article, the authors characterize the clinical course, pathophysiologic process, sources of injury, diagnosis, and management of local radiation injury and describe a clinical scenario. This information is important for primary care physicians, to whom patients are likely to initially present with such injuries. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2014;114(11):840-848 doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2014.170
Intermittent Left Bundle Branch Block: An Overlooked Cause of Electrocardiographic Changes That Mimic High-Grade Stenosis of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery
Authors: Kershaw Melissa A. , Rogers Felix J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Context: The electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern of high-grade stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is important clinically because of the high risk of myocardial infarction and cardiac death if the pattern is not recognized. Although the recognition of this pattern is currently widespread, false-positive ECG changes that mimic this pattern are infrequently reported. Objective: To demonstrate that ECG changes from intermittent left bundle branch block (LBBB) and cardiac memory can mimic anterior ischemia. Methods: Medical record review of cardiology patients in whom ECG tracings showed intermittent LBBB and anterior T-wave changes during normal QRS conduction. Patients were included if ECG changes suggestive of high-grade LAD stenosis in leads V2 and V3 met the following criteria: (1) the QRS conduction was essentially normal during periods of absent LBBB; (2) the ST segment took off from an isoelectric point or only slightly elevated from baseline; and (3) the ST segment sloped up gradually with an abrupt and sharp down stroke leading to terminal T-wave inversion. Additional criteria were little or no ST segment elevation, no loss of precordial R waves, and ECG changes suggestive of high-grade LAD stenosis demonstrated in precordial leads V2 and V3. All patients demonstrated intermittent LBBB, and patients were excluded if a ventricular pacemaker was present. The case series began in 2003 and continued until 2011. Results: Sixteen patients (3 male) with intermittent LBBB were identified with ST- and T-wave changes during normal ventricular conduction that matched the pattern described by Hein J.J. Wellens, MD. Of these patients, none had evidence of clinically substantial coronary artery disease. Eleven patients had stress testing with myocardial perfusion imaging, and 5 patients underwent cardiac catheterization. In 1 patient whose ECG pattern showed high-grade LAD stenosis but normal coronary arteries at catheterization, a stress test was later performed, which provoked LBBB. All other patients had spontaneous, intermittent periods of LBBB and normal conduction. Conclusion: The ECG pattern of high-grade LAD stenosis has proven to be an important marker of high-risk patients with chest pain. This pattern may also be seen in patients with a right ventricular pacemaker on resumption of native QRS conduction. Intermittent LBBB is a less obvious cause of a similar ECG pattern that may mimic anterior ischemia due to high-grade stenosis. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2014;114(11):868-873 doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2014.174
Influences of relative humidity and Indian monsoon precipitation on leaf water stable isotopes from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yu Wusheng , Xu Baiqing , Lai Chun‐Ta , Ma Yaoming , Tian Lide , Qu Dongmei , Zhu Zhiyong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis project report results of the first leaf water δ18O and δD time series of the woody plant Quercus aquifolioides undertaken on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (STP). The data show that δD of leaf water underwent less enrichment than δ18O relative to precipitation and soil water, and could “inherit” the δD value characteristics of precipitation far better than δ18O. The leaf water δD values were strongly modified by evaporative enrichment in response to lower and more drastically changing relative humidity observed outside of the rainy season. In comparison, leaf water δD values more closely tracked those observed in the monsoon precipitation (acted as source water) in the rainy season. Our findings suggest that leaf water δD values from the STP were sensitive to the Indian monsoon activities, and the effects of relative humidity and the Indian monsoon precipitation should be considered for stable isotopes in tree ring cellulose or other biomarkers studies on the STP.
The effects of different sudden stratospheric warming types on the ocean
Authors: O'Callaghan Amee , Joshi Manoj , Stevens David , Mitchell Daniel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThere is a confirmed link between sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) and surface weather. Here we find significant differences in the strength of surface and ocean responses for splitting and displacement SSWs, classified using a new straightforward moment analysis technique. In an intermediate general circulation model splitting SSWs possess an enhanced ability to affect the surface climate demonstrating the need to treat the two types individually. Following SSWs the North Atlantic surface wind stress curl weakens, compared to its climatological winter state, for over 30 days: this is also evident in National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis. The effect of anomalies associated with SSWs on the ocean is analysed in the Intermediate General Circulation Model 4. The splitting SSW composite displays strong anomalies in the implied Ekman heat flux and net atmosphere‐surface flux, modifying the mixed layer heat budget. Our results highlight that different SSW types need to be simulated in coupled stratospheric/tropospheric/ocean models.
Cold‐based debris‐covered glaciers: Evaluating their potential as climate archives through studies of ground‐penetrating radar and surface morphology
Authors: Mackay Sean L. , Marchant David R. , Lamp Jennifer L. , Head James W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe describe the morphology and internal structure of Mullins and Friedman Glaciers, two cold‐based, debris‐covered alpine glaciers that occur in neighboring valleys in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Both glaciers are overlain by a single, dry supraglacial debris layer (8–75 cm thick); each mantling debris layer is marked with near‐identical patterns of arcuate ridges and steps, as well as corresponding changes in bulk grain size, meter‐scale surface topography, and thermal contraction crack polygons. Results from 24 km of ground‐penetrating radar data show that the ice within the uppermost 1–2 km of Mullins and Friedman Glaciers is essentially free of englacial debris (<1% by volume) but thereafter is interspersed with bands of englacial debris (each <3 m thick and dipping up glacier) that intersect the ice surface at all major surface ridges and steps. The similarity in number and pattern of englacial debris bands and corresponding surface ridges and steps across both glaciers, along with model results and observations that call for negligible basal entrainment, is best explained by episodic environmental change at valley headwalls. Our working hypothesis is that layers of englacial debris originate as supraglacial lags that form in ice‐accumulation areas during times of reduced net ice accumulation; following renewed net ice accumulation, these lags are subsequently buried by snow and ice, flow englacially, and intersect the ice surface to impart distinctive changes in the texture of supraglacial debris and topographic relief. The implication is that the englacial structure and surface morphology of these cold‐based, debris‐covered glaciers preserves a consistent record of climate and environmental change.
Simultaneous time‐varying actuator and sensor fault reconstruction based on PI observer for LPV systems
Authors: Li Xiaohang , Zhu Fanglai 
Published: October 2014

SummaryWe consider problems of actuator and sensor fault reconstruction simultaneously for linear parameter varying systems expressed in polytopic forms. By extending the sensor fault as an auxiliary state, a polytopic unknown input proportional‐integral observer in which the actuator fault signals are assumed to be time varying is developed to estimate the system states and the actuator and sensor fault at the same time. The existence conditions of the observer are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities that can be readily handled via some efficient tools. An example is given to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method in comparison to the existing results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.