bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antedependence models for nonstationary categorical longitudinal data with ignorable missingness: likelihood‐based inference
Authors: Xie Yunlong , Zimmerman Dale L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTime index‐ordered random variables are said to be antedependent (AD) of order (p1,p2, … ,pn) if thekth variable, conditioned on thepkimmediately preceding variables, is independent of all further preceding variables. Inferential methods associated with AD models are well developed for continuous (primarily normal) longitudinal data, but not for categorical longitudinal data. In this article, we develop likelihood‐based inferential procedures for unstructured AD models for categorical longitudinal data. Specifically, we derive maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of model parameters; penalized likelihood criteria and likelihood ratio tests for determining the order of antedependence; and likelihood ratio tests for homogeneity across groups, time invariance of transition probabilities, and strict stationarity. We give closed‐form expressions for MLEs and test statistics, which allow for the possibility of empty cells and monotone missing data, for all cases save strict stationarity. For data with an arbitrary missingness pattern, we derive an efficient restricted expectation–maximization algorithm for obtaining MLEs. We evaluate the performance of the tests by simulation. We apply the methods to longitudinal studies of toenail infection severity (measured on a binary scale) and Alzheimer's disease severity (measured on an ordinal scale). The analysis of the toenail infection severity data reveals interesting nonstationary behavior of the transition probabilities and indicates that an unstructured first‐order AD model is superior to stationary and other structured first‐order AD models that have previously been fit to these data. The analysis of the Alzheimer's severity data indicates that the antedependence is second order with time‐invariant transition probabilities, suggesting the use of a second‐order autoregressive cumulative logit model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single and Polycrystalline Graphene on Rh(111) Following Different Growth Mechanisms
Authors: Liu Mengxi , Gao Yabo , Zhang Yanfeng , Zhang Yu , Ma Donglin , Ji Qingqing , Gao Teng , Chen Yubin , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGraphene grown on the same substrate but under different growth conditions may evolve diverse characteristics and disparate growth mechanisms. To explore this issue, graphene is prepared on Rh(111) by both ultrahigh vacuum and ambient‐pressure chemical vapor deposition methods and the different growth behaviors, the atomic‐scale structures, and the stacking geometry are analysed, mainly by virtue of scanning tunneling microscope. Interestingly, with ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition growth at 600 °C, a template growth of graphene by the Rh(111) lattice is obtained, reflected with the formation of a uniform graphene moiré. In comparison, with the ambient‐pressure chemical vapor deposition at 1000 °C by different quenching processes, monolayer and randomly stacked few‐layer polycrystalline graphene is achieved, probably directed by combined surface catalysis and segregation mechanisms. In this case, strong and weak interactions between graphene and Rh substrates are suggested, with the samples prepared under vacuum and ambient‐pressure conditions, respectively. This work is expected to contribute greatly to the exploration of interactions between graphene and a substrate, as well as the segregation mechanism of graphene growth on polycrystalline transitional metal substrates.
Influence of High‐Frequency Micro‐Forging on Microstructure and Properties of 304 Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Rapid Prototyping
Authors: Zhang Yan , Qiu Chang Jun , Chen Yong , Yu Jinshui , Zhou Ju , Li Linsheng , Wang Zhongchang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe report the fabrication of the 304 stainless steel by the laser rapid prototyping harmonized with high‐frequency micro‐forging and demonstrate that both microstructure and properties of the prepared samples can be enhanced significantly. Structurally, we find that the large regular dendritic microstructure can be broken into pieces and that the internal defects are to some extent eliminated. Moreover, grains are refined remarkably. As a consequence of such structural modification, mechanical properties are found to be enhanced considerably by demonstrating a much broader fluctuation in tensile strength, a marked increase in tensile and yielding strength, and a drastic enhancement in surface hardness by 76% after the micro‐forging. Further calculations reveal that the defect region is shrunken substantially after micro‐forging. Detailed analysis of fractures in the tensile samples provides convincing evidence that plastic properties can be improved as well by the micro‐forging.
Incremental association rule mining: a survey
Authors: Nath B. , Bhattacharyya D. K. , Ghosh A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAssociation rule mining is a computationally expensive task. Despite the huge processing cost, it has gained tremendous popularity due to the usefulness of association rules. Several efficient algorithms can be found in the literature. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms for association rule mining, specially when the data sets used for rule mining are not static. Addition of new data to a data set may lead to additional rules or to the modification of existing rules. Finding the association rules from the whole data set may lead to significant waste of time if the process has started from the scratch. Several algorithms have been evolved to attend this important issue of the association rule mining problem. This paper analyzes some of them to tackle the incremental association rule mining problem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Association Rules
Technologies > Classification
Feeding a DHA-enriched diet increases skeletal muscle protein synthesis in growing pigs: association with increased skeletal muscle insulin action and local mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1
Authors: Wei Hong-Kui , Zhou Yuanfei , Jiang Shuzhong , Tao Ya-Xiong , Sun Haiqing , Peng Jian , Jiang Siwen 
Published: February 2013

Dietaryn-3 PUFA have been demonstrated to promote muscle growth in growing animals. In the present study, fractional protein synthesis rates (FSR) in the skeletal muscle of growing pigs fed a DHA-enriched (DE) diet (DE treatment) or a soyabean oil (SO) diet (SO treatment) were evaluated in the fed and feed-deprived states. Feeding-induced increases in muscle FSR, as well as the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin and protein kinase B, were higher in the DE treatment as indicated by the positive interaction between diet and feeding. In the fed state, the activation of eIF4E-binding protein 1 in the skeletal muscle of pigs on the DE diet was higher than that in pigs on the SO diet (P <0·05). Feeding the DE diet increased muscle insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) expression (P <0·05) and insulin action (as demonstrated by increased insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation,P <0·05), resulting in increased IR substrate 1 activation in the fed state. However, no difference in plasma IGF-1 concentration or hepatic IGF-1 expression between the two treatments was associated. The increased IGF-1 expression in the DE treatment was associated with increased mRNA expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A and decreased mRNA expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 3 in skeletal muscle. Moreover, mRNA expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 (PTPN1), the activation of PTPN1 and the activation of NF-κB in muscle were significantly lower in the DE treatment (P <0·05). The results of the present study suggest that feeding a DE diet increased feeding-induced muscle protein synthesis in growing pigs, and muscle IGF-1 expression and insulin action were involved in this action.
Viscous methyl cellulose solution thickens gastric mucosa and increases the number of gland mucous cells in mice
Authors: Takabayashi Fumiyo , Sekiguchi Hirotaka 
Published: February 2013

We have observed a stiffening of the gastric wall in mice following oral administration of viscous methyl cellulose (MC) solution as a vehicle for food chemicals, an effect which has not previously been reported. To further investigate this effect, young male ICR mice (n 48) were divided into four groups (one control and three experimental groups) of twelve mice each. Experimental groups I, II and III were administered 0·2 ml of 0·5 % (w/v) MC viscous solution/d via a stomach tube for 2, 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. Stomachs were collected following 12 h fasting. The weight of the stomach and mucosa of seven mice per group was measured, and the mucosa was used for the measurement of 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG). Stomach tissue slices from the remaining five mice per group were stained with haematoxylin and eosin to measure mucosal thickness, and were immunostained with an HIK1083 antibody to determine the number of gastric gland mucous cells. The mucosal thickness of the groups administered the MC solution for 3 and 4 weeks, and the size of the HIK1083-immunostained area of the groups administered the MC solution for 2, 3 and 4 weeks were significantly increased (P< 0·01) compared with those of the control group. The amount of 8-oxodG was not significantly affected. These results indicate that oral administration of viscous MC solution leads to the thickening of the gastric mucosa, which may be related to an increase in the number of gland mucous cells.
UNIQUENESS FOR SINGULAR SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS
Authors: HAI D. D. , SMITH R. C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe prove uniqueness of positive solutions for the boundary value problems

\[
\{\begin{array}{ll} -\Delta u=\lambda f(u)\ \ &\text{in}\Omega, \ \ \ \ \ u=0 &\text{on \partial \Omega,
\]

where Ω is a bounded domain in ℝn with smooth boundary ∂Ω, λ is a positive parameter and f:(0,∞) → (0,∞) is sublinear at ∞ and is allowed to be singular at 0.
BIHARMONIC LAGRANGIAN SUBMANIFOLDS IN KÄHLER MANIFOLDS
Authors: MAETA SHUN , URAKAWA HAJIME 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe give the necessary and sufficient conditions for Lagrangian submanifolds in Kähler manifolds to be biharmonic. We classify biharmonic PNMC Lagrangian H-umbilical submanifolds in the complex space forms. Furthermore, we classify biharmonic PNMC Lagrangian surfaces in the two-dimensional complex space forms.
Difficult airway in a child with severe dystonia
Authors: Eze N , Morrison G A 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjective:To describe the management of a 15-year-old girl with repeated life-threatening complications of her tracheostomy secondary to muscle dystonia and thoracolumbocervical lordosis.Method:This paper reports a retrospective case review.Results:Regular microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, treatment with systemic steroids and a soft tracheostomy tube, in addition to better control of the dystonia, resulted in control of the patient's airway. This minimised tracheal inflammation and granulation tissue formation.Conclusion:The need for a tracheostomy in patients with thoracolumbocervical lordosis and severe dystonia should be considered only after all other options of airway management have been explored. Every attempt should be made to minimise tracheal trauma caused by excessive movement of a tracheostomy tube.
Disputed access to the gold sites in Luhwindja, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Geenen Sara , Claessens Klara 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIn a context of increased competition over natural resources, large-scale investors are showing renewed interest in eastern Congo's mineral resources. At the local level this is resulting in fierce disputes over access to land and to mining sites. This article offers an empirical study of access in Luhwindja, where a multinational mining company has recently begun to exploit gold. We first sketch the context, examining the overlapping legal fields and analysing how various actors gain and control access to the gold mines. Next we study how the arrival of Banro Corporation in Luhwindja has altered power relations at the local level. Looking more specifically at the displacement of artisanal miners and the resettlement of local communities, we demonstrate how the company, local elites and the local population have engaged in a complex struggle for access.
Sticta viviana(lichenized Ascomycota:Peltigerales:Lobariaceae), a new species from Colombian paramos
Authors: SUÁREZ Alejandra , LÜCKING Robert 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe new speciesSticta vivianaA. Suárez & Lücking is described from Colombian paramos. It superficially resemblesS. fuliginosas. str. but differs by the small lobes with a shiny surface, the strongly branched, corymbose isidia, the dark lower tomentum, the smaller, usually sessile and urceolate cyphellae with one papilla-like outgrowth per cell of the basal membrane, and the K+ orange-yellow medulla. In contrast,Sticta fuliginosas. str., as represented by the type material, a sequenced topotype, and specimens from North America and Colombia falling into the same clade, is defined by an uneven lobe surface, simple to branched but not corymbose isidia, a pale lower tomentum, larger, immersed to erumpent cyphellae, with each cell of the basal membrane having 2–4 papillae, and a K− medulla. The new species is not closely related toS. fuliginosas. str. but falls within a clade of several, as yet undescribed, species withS. fuliginosagross morphology.
Sphinctrina paramerae, a new Mediterranean lichenicolous species with non-septate spores
Authors: MUÑIZ D. , LLOP E. , HLADUN N. L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe new species, Sphinctrina paramerae, is proposed. Characteristics of ascospores (size, morphology and ornamentation), apothecia (morphology, size and chemical reactions) and ecological features revealed significant differences between S. paramerae and the currently known species of Sphinctrina with non-septate ascospores. The new species grows on Pertusaria paramerae, epiphytic on the bark of Juniperus thurifera, which occurs on well-exposed areas of parameras in the Iberian high plateau and other montane Mediterranean areas.
Distribution of fish, crustacea and zooplankton at different distances from mangrove prop roots within a semi-isolated lagoon
Authors: Jaxion-Harm J. , Pien C. , Saunders J. E. , Speight M. R. 
Published: February 2013

Although semi-isolated mangrove lagoons are common in the Caribbean, few studies have surveyed organisms of multiple trophic levels and taxa in these lagoons, which are characterized by a lack of adjacent seagrass and coral-reef habitats. In this study, visual surveys, minnow traps and plankton tows, which were deployed at abutting mangrove prop roots and on macro-algal beds 5 and 15 m away from the prop roots, were used to study assemblages of fish and their potential prey in a semi-isolated lagoon located on Utila, Honduras during the dry season. Assemblages of fish and macro-crustacea differed between the three distances from prop roots, while zooplankton abundances were highly variable and did not follow any distinct distribution patterns. Daytime visual surveys found that large lutjanid (snapper) juveniles, tetraodontid (pufferfish), and some species of brachyurans were more abundant near prop roots. Small lutjanid juveniles were also significantly more numerous near prop roots, but their potential prey, copepods, showed no such difference in abundance. However, 24-hour minnow trap catches found that mean fish abundance (although low) did not differ between near-mangrove transects and transects located in algal beds away from prop roots. Whereas it is well known that mangrove–seagrass habitats play a vital role for fish in open systems, low abundances of organisms in algal beds, particularly in the day time, in this study indicate that algal beds may not be as important to fish in a semi-isolated mangrove lagoon.
ON METRIZATION OF UNIONS OF FUNCTION SPACES ON DIFFERENT INTERVALS
Authors: ALKURDI TALEB , HILLE SANDER C. , VAN GAANS ONNO 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates a class of metrics that can be introduced on the set consisting of the union of continuous functions defined on different intervals with values in a fixed metric space, where the union ranges over a family of intervals. Its definition is motivated by the Skorohod metric(s) on càdlàg functions. We show what is essential in transferring the ideas employed in the latter metric to our setting and obtain a general construction for metrics in our case. Next, we define the metric space where elements are sequences of functions from the above mentioned set. We provide conditions that ensure separability and completeness of the constructed metric spaces.
CALORIC MEASURE FOR ARBITRARY OPEN SETS
Authors: WATSON NEIL A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe give a systematic treatment of caloric measure for arbitrary open sets. The caloric measure is defined only on the essential boundary of the set. Our main result gives criteria for the resolutivity of essential boundary functions, and their integral representation in terms of caloric measure. We also characterize the caloric measure null sets in terms of the boundary singularities of nonnegative supertemperatures.
Deprivatization of Disbelief?: Non-Religiosity and Anti-Religiosity in 14 Western European Countries
Authors: Ribberink Egbert , Achterberg Peter , Houtman Dick 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article aims to move beyond media discourse about “new atheism” by mapping and explaining anti-religious zeal among the public at large in 14 Western European countries. We analyze data from the International Social Survey Program, Religion III, 2008, to test two theories about how country-level religiousness affects anti-religiosity and its social bases: a theory of rationalization and a theory of deprivatization of disbelief. Hypotheses derived from the former are contradicted, whereas those derived from the latter are largely confirmed. Anti-religiosity is strongest among disbelievers and among the higher educated in the most religious countries and among the older generations in today's most secularized countries.
Dysphagia therapy in stroke: a survey of speech and language therapists
Authors: Archer S. K. , Wellwood I. , Smith C. H. , Newham D. J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundDysphagia is common after stroke, leading to adverse outcome. There is a paucity of high‐quality evidence for dysphagia therapy, thus making it difficult to determine the best approaches to treatment. Clinical decisions are often based on usual practice, however no formal method of monitoring practice patterns exists.AimsTo determine speech and language therapists’ (SLTs) approaches to direct dysphagia therapy with stroke patients in the UK and Ireland.Methods & ProceduresA 24‐item questionnaire was developed, piloted and delivered in a web‐based cross‐sectional survey targeting all SLTs working with stroke patients in the UK and Ireland.Outcomes & ResultsA total of 138 SLTs responded from a range of clinical settings and levels of experience. There was variation in the responses to all questions. Respondents reported treating patients a median of once a day, 3 days a week for 15 min. The most commonly recommended direct exercises were supervised swallow trials (recommended ‘frequently or always’ by 73%). Despite most respondents having access to an instrumental swallowing assessment, over half reported rarely or never conducting one before recommending exercises. Most (93%) did not use a protocol for systematically progressing patients’ exercises and only 37% reported using standardized outcome measures.Conclusions & ImplicationsThis survey gives valuable insight into the direct dysphagia therapy practices of SLTs based in the UK and Ireland working in stroke. It highlights discrepancies between reported approaches and recommendations from existing evidence and clinical guidelines. The variation in responses indicates a need to develop a consensus statement and further research to guide practice.
In vivo gene expression of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 in the rhizosphere of different plants
Authors: Fernández Matilde , Conde Susana , Duque Estrella , Ramos Juan‐Luis 
Published: February 2013

SummaryPseudomonas putida KT2440 has the ability to colonize the rhizosphere of a wide range of plants and can reach cell densities in the range of 105–106 cfu g soil−1. Using the IVET technology we investigated which KT2440 genes were expressed in the rhizosphere of four different plants: pine, cypress, evergreen oak and rosemary. We identified 39 different transcriptional fusions containing the promoters of annotated genes that were preferentially expressed in the rhizosphere. Six of them were expressed in the rhizosphere of all the plant types tested, 11 were expressed in more than one plant and the remaining 22 fusions were found to be expressed in only one type of plant. Another 40 fusions were found to correspond to likely promoters that encode antisense RNAs of unknown function, some of which were isolated as fusions from the bacteria recovered in the rhizosphere from all of the plants, while others were specific to one or several of the plants. The results obtained in this study suggest that plant‐specific signals are sensed by KT2440 in the rhizosphere and that the signals and consequent gene expression are related to the bacteria's successful establishment in this niche.
Advancing nematode barcoding: A primer cocktail for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene from vertebrate parasitic nematodes
Authors: Prosser Sean W. J. , Velarde‐Aguilar Maria G. , León‐Règagnon Virginia , Hebert Paul D. N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAlthough nematodes are one of the most diverse metazoan phyla, species identification through morphology is difficult. Several genetic markers have been used for their identification, but most do not provide species‐level resolution in all groups, and those that do lack primer sets effective across the phylum, precluding high‐throughput processing. This study describes a cocktail of three novel primer pairs that overcome this limitation by recovering cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) barcodes from diverse nematode lineages parasitic on vertebrates, including members of three orders and eight families. Its effectiveness across a broad range of nematodes enables high‐throughput processing.