bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The age and interior rotation of stars from asteroseismology
Authors: Aerts C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe provide a status report on the determination of stellar ages from asteroseismology for stars of various masses and evolutionary stages. The ability to deduce the ages of stars with a relative precision of typically 10 to 20% is a unique opportunity for stellar evolution and also of great value for both galactic and exoplanet studies. Further, a major uncalibrated ingredient that makes stellar evolution models uncertain, is the stellar interior rotation frequency Ω(r) and its evolution during stellar life. We summarize the recent achievements in the derivation of Ω(r) for different types stars, offering stringent observational constraints on theoretical models. Core‐to‐envelope rotation rates during the red‐giant stage are far lower than theoretical predictions, pointing towards the need to include new physical ingredients that allow strong and efficient coupling between the core and the envelope in the models of low‐mass stars in the evolutionary phase prior to core helium burning. Stars are subject to efficient mixing phenomena, even at low rotation rates. Young massive stars with seismically determined interior rotation frequency reveal low core‐to‐envelope rotation values. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Maternal Vocal Feedback to 9‐Month‐Old Infant Siblings of Children with ASD
Authors: Talbott Meagan R. , Nelson Charles A. , Tager‐Flusberg Helen 
Published: July 2015

Infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder display differences in early language and social communication skills beginning as early as the first year of life. While environmental influences on early language development are well documented in other infant populations, they have received relatively little attention inside of the infant sibling context.In this study, we analyzed home video diaries collected prospectively as part of a longitudinal study of infant siblings. Infant vowel and consonant‐vowel vocalizations and maternal language‐promoting and non‐promoting verbal responses were scored for 30 infant siblings and 30 low risk control infants at 9 months of age. Analyses evaluated whether infant siblings or their mothers exhibited differences from low risk dyads in vocalization frequency or distribution, and whether mothers' responses were associated with other features of the high risk context. Analyses were conducted with respect to both initial risk group and preliminary outcome classification.Overall, we found no differences in infants' consonant‐vowel vocalizations, the frequency of overall maternal utterances, or the distribution of mothers' response types. Both groups of infants produced more vowel than consonant‐vowel vocalizations, and both groups of mothers responded to consonant‐vowel vocalizations with more language‐promoting than non‐promoting responses. These results indicate that as a group, mothers of high risk infants provide equally high quality linguistic input to their infants in the first year of life and suggest that impoverished maternal linguistic input does not contribute to high risk infants' initial language difficulties. Implications for intervention strategies are also discussed. Autism Res 2016, 9: 460–470. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developments and challenges in biodiesel production from microalgae: A review
Authors: Taparia Tanvi , MVSS Manjari , Mehrotra Rajesh , Shukla Paritosh , Mehrotra Sandhya 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe imminent depletion of fossil fuels and the surging global demand for renewable energy have led to the search for nonconventional energy sources. After a few decades of trial and error, the world is now testing the sources of the third generation of fossil fuels, which contain for most parts microalgae. With more than 80% oil content, being adaptable in growth parameters and highly versatile, microalgae are highly promising sources of biofuels in the present time. The present article makes a sweeping attempt to highlight the various methods employed for cultivation of microalgae, techniques to harvest and extract biomass from huge algal cultures, as well as their downstream production and processing procedures. The advantages, limitations, and challenges faced by each of them have been described to some extent. Major concerns pertaining to biofuels are supposed to be their environmental sustainability and economic viability along with their cost effectiveness. This would require a great deal of empirical data on existing systems and a great deal of optimization to generate a more robust one. We have concluded our article with a SWOT analysis of using algae for biodiesel production in a tabulated form.
Stimulation of the activity of a novel tannase produced in white‐rot fungi Phellinus pini, Fomes fomentarius, and Tyromyces pubescens by medium supplementation
Authors: Prendecka Monika , Jaszek Magdalena , Grąz Marcin , Głuszak Natalia , Małysz Katarzyna , Nowak Agata , Żuchowski Jerzy , Małecka‐Massalska Teresa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn recent years, tannase has gained increasing interest mainly because of its potential applications. One of the most important functions of tannic acid (TA) hydrolase is the release of gallic acid (GA) from complex tannins. The aim of the study was to determine the dynamic changes in tannase activity depending on the carbon source in the culture medium. An extracellular and intracellular tannase activity analysis was carried out with the use of spectrophotometric analysis and confirmed by capillary electrophoresis in cultures of white‐rot fungi: Phellinus pini, Fomes fomentarius, and Tyromyces pubescens. The inducible potential of TA and rapeseed meal on the activity of tannin acyl hydrolase was confirmed during 14 days of culturing. Different effects of the tested compounds on stimulation of tannase activity in selected fungal strains have been demonstrated. We concluded that rapeseed meal was the best inducer of tannase activity in the case of P. pini. However, the highest concentrations of GA were observed after stimulation by the TA in the cultures of F. fomentarius and T. pubescens.
Relational Mobility Increases Social (but Not Other) Risk Propensity
Authors: Li Liman Man Wai , Hamamura Takeshi , Adams Glenn 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn recent years, we have witnessed a resurgent focus on ecological features, especially various forms of mobility that afford social psychological processes. Extending this work, the current research examined whether relational mobility affects risk propensity. We conducted three studies using both correlational (Studies 1 and 3) and experimental (Study 2) methods. Results provide support for the hypothesis that perceptions of relational mobility are associated with risk propensity in the domain of interpersonal behaviors but not other risk domains (health, financial, etc.). Findings in Study 3 suggested that the association between relational mobility and propensity for risky interpersonal behaviors may stem from the effect of relational mobility in lowering subjective risk (but not in increasing expected benefits) of such behaviors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In utero nicotine exposure epigenetically alters fetal chromatin structure and differentially regulates transcription of the glucocorticoid receptor in a rat model
Authors: Suter Melissa A. , Abramovici Adi R. , Griffin Emily , Branch D. Ware , Lane Robert H. , Mastrobattista Joan , Rehan Virender K. , Aagaard Kjersti 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundFetal exposure to nicotine is not limited to maternal tobacco smoke, as electronic cigarettes have an increased prevalence of use among reproductive aged women. Animal models have shown that nicotine exposure in utero is associated with increased risk of asthma and cognitive deficits, as well as increased expression of the hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor. We hypothesized that in utero nicotine exposure is associated with epigenetic changes in the offspring lung and brain which may contribute to a memory of this exposureMethodsSprague‐Dawley rat dams received either saline or 2 mg/kg of nicotine by intraperitoneal injection once daily from embryonic day 6 (e6) to e22. Pups were killed on day 1 of life, and brain and lung tissues were harvested (N = 3/ group).ResultsWe found that nicotine exposed offspring have altered histone modifications in the brain. Dimethylation of lysine 9 of histone H3 is decreased (0.43‐fold; p = 0.03) while acetylation is increased (1.79‐fold; p = 0.031). Histone deacetylase activity is significantly decreased with nicotine exposure in brain and lung (0.11‐fold; p < 0.001; 0.12‐fold; p < 0.001, respectively). Expression of splice variant 1.7 of the glucocorticoid receptor is reduced in the nicotine exposed offspring lung (0.25‐fold; p = 0.038).ConclusionWe conclude that nicotine exposure is associated with epigenetic alterations in the offspring and may lead to susceptibility to adult disease,. Our finding that in utero exposure to nicotine is associated with inhibition of histone deacetylase activity in the brain of offspring is of importance as a similar inhibition has been suggested as a mechanism for the potentiation of addiction. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:583–588, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence is more common than generally accepted
Authors: van Gemert Martin J.C. , van den Wijngaard Jeroen P.H.M. , Vandenbussche Frank P.H.A. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundApproximately 75% of monozygotic twin pregnancies share one monochorionic placenta where placental anastomoses are virtually always present to connect the two fetoplacental circulations. These anastomoses cause several serious complications such as acardiac twinning. Acardiac twins lack a functional heart but nevertheless show fetal growth because the normal pump twin perfuses the acardiac body through arterioarterial (AA) and venovenous (VV) anastomoses. The widely accepted 1% monochorionic acardiac incidence dates back to 1944 and the associated 1:35,000 pregnancies to 1953. Our aim was to update this analysis.MethodsWe accepted the 1% (actually 1.1%) monochorionic acardiac incidence due to lack of more precise data, included the recently observed 58% early cessation of acardiac development as well as consequences of assisted reproductive technology, and assessed the incidence of acardiac twinning under conditions of AA‐VV anastomoses.ResultsEarly acardiac monochorionic twinning increased from 1.1% to 1.1/(1–0.58) = 2.6%, from 1:35,000 to 1:9,500 to 11,000 pregnancies, depending on number and method of assisted reproductive technology, and occurs in approximately 1:8 AA‐VV anastomoses‐containing monochorionic placentas.ConclusionEarly acardiac twinning is not a rare event. The 1944‐based 1% acardiac monochorionic incidence has a weak basis and could therefore be (much) larger. Knowing this incidence more precisely may contribute to our knowledge of embryonic splitting in unequal cell masses. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:641–643, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What we don't know can hurt us: Nonresponse bias assessment in birth defects research
Authors: Strassle Paula D. , Cassell Cynthia H. , Shapira Stuart K. , Tinker Sarah C. , Meyer Robert E. , Grosse Scott D. 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUNDNonresponse bias assessment is an important and underutilized tool in survey research to assess potential bias due to incomplete participation. This study illustrates a nonresponse bias sensitivity assessment using a survey on perceived barriers to care for children with orofacial clefts in North Carolina.METHODSChildren born in North Carolina between 2001 and 2004 with an orofacial cleft were eligible for inclusion. Vital statistics data, including maternal and child characteristics, were available on all eligible subjects. Missing ‘responses’ from nonparticipants were imputed using assumptions based on the distribution of responses, survey method (mail or phone), and participant maternal demographics.RESULTSOverall, 245 of 475 subjects (51.6%) responded to either a mail or phone survey. Cost as a barrier to care was reported by 25.0% of participants. When stratified by survey type, 28.3% of mail respondents and 17.2% of phone respondents reported cost as a barrier. Under various assumptions, the bias‐adjusted estimated prevalence of cost as barrier to care ranged from 16.1% to 30.0%. Maternal age, education, race, and marital status at time of birth were not associated with subjects reporting cost as a barrier.CONCLUSIONAs survey response rates continue to decline, the importance of assessing the potential impact of nonresponse bias has become more critical. Birth defects research is particularly conducive to nonresponse bias analysis, especially when birth defect registries and birth certificate records are used. Future birth defect studies which use population‐based surveillance data and have incomplete participation could benefit from this type of nonresponse bias assessment. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:603–609, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toxic effects of chrysoidine on human serum albumin: isothermal titration calorimetry and spectroscopic investigations
Authors: Sun Haoyu , Liu Yingxue , Li Meng , Han Songlin , Yang Xudan , Liu Rutao 
Published: July 2015

AbstractChrysoidine is widely used in industry as a type of azo dye, and is sometimes used illegally as a food additive despite its potential toxicity. Human serum albumin (HSA) is one of the most important proteins in blood plasma and possesses major physiological functions. In the present study, the conformational and functional effects of chrysoidine on HSA were investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), multiple spectroscopic methods, a molecular docking study and an esterase activity assay. Based on the ITC results, the binding stoichiometry of chrysoidine to HSA was estimated to be 1.5:1, and was a spontaneous process via a single hydrogen bond. The binding of chrysoidine to HSA induced dynamic quenching in fluorescence, and changes in secondary structure and in the microenvironment of the Trp‐214 residue. In addition, the hydrogen bond (1.80 Å) formed between the chrysoidine molecule and the Gln‐211 residue. The esterase activity of HSA decreased following the addition chrysoidine due to the change in protein structure. This study details the direct interaction between chrysoidine and HSA at the molecular level and the mechanism for toxicity as a result of the functional changes induced by HSA structural variation upon binding to chrysoidine in vitro. This study provides useful information towards detailing the transportation mechanism and toxicity of chrysoidine in vivo. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transforming conotoxins into cyclotides: Backbone cyclization of P‐superfamily conotoxins
Authors: Akcan Muharrem , Clark Richard J. , Daly Norelle L. , Conibear Anne C. , de Faoite Andrew , Heghinian Mari D. , Sahil Talwar , Adams David J. , Marí Frank , Craik David J. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPeptide backbone cyclization is a widely used approach to improve the activity and stability of small peptides but until recently it had not been applied to peptides with multiple disulfide bonds. Conotoxins are disulfide‐rich conopeptides derived from the venoms of cone snails that have applications in drug design and development. However, because of their peptidic nature, they can suffer from poor bioavailability and poor stability in vivo. In this study two P‐superfamily conotoxins, gm9a and bru9a, were backbone cyclized by joining the N‐ and C‐termini with short peptide linkers using intramolecular native chemical ligation chemistry. The cyclized derivatives had conformations similar to the native peptides showing that backbone cyclization can be applied to three disulfide‐bonded peptides with cystine knot motifs. Cyclic gm9a was more potent at high voltage‐activated (HVA) calcium channels than its acyclic counterpart, highlighting the value of this approach in developing active and stable conotoxins containing cyclic cystine knot motifs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 682–692, 2015.
Breast-conserving surgery in patients with Paget's disease
Authors: Helme S , Harvey K , Agrawal A 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
Paget's disease of the breast is a rare condition that is associated with underlying breast cancer in the majority of patients. The conventional treatment for Paget's disease has been mastectomy, but there is an increasing trend to consider breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in selected patients. Owing to the uncommon nature of the disease, research studies tend to be small and retrospective. This systematic review presents the published evidence regarding BCS for patients with Paget's disease with a focus on patient selection and oncological safety.

Methods
A search of Ovid and PubMed databases was conducted to identify all papers published regarding BCS for Paget's disease.

Results
The search identified 172 papers of which 43 were clinically relevant. BCS is a safe alternative to mastectomy, provided a clear surgical margin is achieved and adjuvant radiotherapy used. However, patients with Paget's disease should be assumed to have underlying breast cancer, and these cancers tend to have poor biological profiles. When BCS is considered, careful preoperative investigation should be undertaken to identify the presence and extent of an underlying cancer. These cancers can be mammographically occult, multifocal or multicentric. Although the evidence is limited, there may be a role for MRI in selecting patients with Paget's disease for BCS.

Conclusion
Patients with Paget's disease are candidates for breast conservation with appropriate preoperative investigations. Oncological outcomes are equivalent to those of mastectomy if surgical margins are achieved and adjuvant radiotherapy is given.
Effect of a ward-based pharmacy team on preventable adverse drug events in surgical patients (SUREPILL study)
Authors:   Surgery and Pharmacy in Liaison (SUREPILL) Study Group, Boer M , Boeker E B , Ramrattan M A , Kiewiet J J S , Ram K , Gombert-Handoko K B , Lent-Evers N A E M , Kuks P F M , Mulder W M C , Breslau P J , Oostenbroek R J , Dijkgraaf M G W , Lie-A-Huen L , Boermeester M A 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
Surgical patients are at risk of adverse drug events (ADEs) causing morbidity and mortality. Much harm is preventable. Ward-based pharmacy interventions to reduce medication-related harm have not been evaluated in surgical patients.

Methods
This multicentre prospective clinical trial evaluated a protocolled, ward-based pharmacy method compared with standard pharmaceutical care in surgical patients. Allocation of study group was done by one-time randomization at ward level. Consecutive patients admitted for elective surgery with an expected hospital stay longer than 48 h were included. Pharmacy practitioners performed bedside medication reconciliation at admission and discharge, and hospital pharmacists undertook regular medication reviews in the study wards. Preventable ADEs and clinical outcomes were assessed.

Results
A total of 1094 surgical patients were studied. Some 880 specific interventions were made by the hospital pharmacist to improve pharmacotherapy in 309 of 547 patients on study wards. A further 547 patients were included on control wards. A crude non-significant reduction in incidence of preventable ADEs was seen on intervention wards in comparison with control wards (2·74 versus 3·84 preventable ADEs per 100 admissions; incidence rate ratio 0·71, 95 per cent c.i. 0·37 to 1·39; P = 0·324). After adjustment for differences in treatment groups and for potential confounding, the incidence rate ratio remained non-significant (0·82, 0·39 to 1·72; P = 0·598). No differences were seen for other outcomes, such as duration of hospital stay, number of complications and quality of life.

Conclusion
The present prospective controlled trial showed no significant reduction in medication-related harm or changes in clinical outcomes when surgical patients received protocolled ward-based pharmacy interventions.
Serum metabolomics analysis reveals changes in signaling lipids in breast cancer patients
Authors: Cui Min , Wang Qiaolian , Chen Guang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBreast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer death among women worldwide. It is a biologically variable disease with different molecular subtypes, risk factors, clinical behaviors and responses to treatment. Better understanding of the molecular changes associated with each subtype is essential for identifying new therapeutic targets and markers for the monitoring of treatment responses. In this pilot study, mass spectrometry‐based metabolic profiling was performed to characterize the changes in serum profiles of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) – the most common type of breast cancer. Serum samples from 20 IDC patients and 20 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy subjects were analyzed and 15 differentially expressed metabolites were identified. These metabolites are involved in several metabolic pathways such as sphingolipid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism and fatty acid β‐oxidation. Among these, two classes of signaling lipids, lysophosphatidylethanolamine and ceramide, may play an important role in IDC development and progression. This study demonstrates metabolic profiling as a promising tool for finding disease biomarkers and our findings provide new directions for further mechanistic studies on the pathology of IDC. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of magnolol and honokiol after oral administration of Magnolia officinalis cortex extract and its compatibility with other herbal medicines in Zhi‐Zi‐Hou‐Po Decoction to rats
Authors: Liu Yuan , Wang Dan , Yang Gongjun , Shi Qingshui , Feng Fang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractZhi‐Zi‐Hou‐Po decoction (ZZHPD) is one of the famous antidepressant Chinese formulas and is composed of Magnolia officinalis cortex (HP), Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (ZZ) and Citrus aurantium L. (ZS). Magnolol (MN) and honokiol (HN) from HP are the major active ingredients responsible for the therapeutic effects of ZZHPD. The aim of this study is to compare the pharmacokinetics and rat brain distribution of MN and HN after oral administration of HP extract and its compatibility with other herbal medicines in ZZHPD by HPLC‐FLD. Compared with the HP group, Tmax (time to reach peak drug concentration in plasma) and AUC(0–τ) significantly increased in the ZZHPD and HP–ZZ groups. There was little change in the HP–ZS group in comparison with the HP group, which indicated that ZZ promotes absorption extent and defers the absorption rate of MN. The different compatibility of ZZHPD had a different degree of impact on the concentration of MN and HN in brain. The concentration of MN significantly increased in the HP–ZZ group while it decreased in the HP–ZS group compared with the HP group, which explained the concentration of compounds being slightly greater in the ZZHPD group than in the HP group. HP mixed with other medicines resulted in a decrease in HN concentration in the brain, particularly HP compatible with ZS. The results could be helpful for revealing the compatibility mechanism and providing clinical medication guidance for ZZHPD. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.