bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REFLEXIVE INDEX OF A FAMILY OF SUBSPACES
Authors: LONGSTAFF W. E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA definition of the reflexive index of a family of (closed) subspaces of a complex, separable Hilbert space $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}H$ is given, analogous to one given by D. Zhao for a family of subsets of a set. Following some observations, some examples are given, including: (a) a subspace lattice on $H$ with precisely five nontrivial elements with infinite reflexive index; (b) a reflexive subspace lattice on $H$ with infinite reflexive index; (c) for each positive integer $n$ satisfying dim $H\ge n+1$, a reflexive subspace lattice on $H$ with reflexive index $n$. If $H$ is infinite-dimensional and ${\mathcal{B}}$ is an atomic Boolean algebra subspace lattice on $H$ with $n$ equidimensional atoms and with the property that the vector sum $K+L$ is closed, for every $K,L\in {\mathcal{B}}$, then ${\mathcal{B}}$ has reflexive index at most $n$.
A NOTE ON SPACES WITH RANK 2-DIAGONAL
Authors: XUAN WEI-FENG , SHI WEI-XUE 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe prove that if a space $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}X$ with a rank 2-diagonal either has the countable chain condition or is star countable then the cardinality of $X$ is at most $\mathfrak{c}$.
Alpine Modern: Central European Skiing and the Vernacularization of Cultural Modernism, 1900–1939
Authors: Denning Andrew 
Published: April 2014

In 1932, author and outdoorsman Carl Luther diagnosed the pathologies of modern life and prescribed their ideal cure, writing:Because our work in the daily routine and in the cities, in factories, and in offices has become prosaic, atomizing, and devoid of adventure—because we live faster and must demonstrate greater resistance—because we do not wish to age, but rather wish to remain young, fresh, and slender—because we are anxious and know that only new thrills and new visions can rejuvenate us . . . Spring, summer, and fall, the former seasons of relaxation, no longer suffice for us . . . We have also discovered the winter, the most alien to us of all manifestations of nature, thus for us nature in its most modern and most youthful form . . . The ski entered into the world . . . to allow men to flee excessive snow and cold. Today, however, skiing is also flight, but flight from the metropolis [in search of] all remote winter environments . . . Fortune is with the skis, because they overcome the awkwardness of nature-estranged urbanites and have so evaded natural [limits upon] speed, that in them man and speed become consubstantial.
Genetic characteristics of Chinese isolates of the tapewormTaenia pisiformisbased on two mitochondrial genes
Authors: Yang D.Y. , Ren Y.J. , Fu Y. , Xie Y. , Nong X. , Gu X.B. , Wang S.X. , Peng X.R. , Yang G.Y. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCysticercosis is caused by infections with embryonated eggs of the tapewormTaenia pisiformis. Knowledge of the genetic characteristics ofT. pisiformiscould be applied to study the epidemiology and transmission of this parasite. In this study, 61 isolates of intraperitoneal cysticerci from eight geographically distinct regions in Sichuan province, China, were subjected to a molecular analysis in order to determine their intra-regional genetic characteristics. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit I (cox1, 1427 bp) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (nad1, 738 bp) were concatenated. Five haplotypes were identified, and 89.04% of total genetic variation was found in collections ofT. pisiformisisolates from a single region. According to the phylogenetic reconstruction, theT. pisiformisisolates from eight regions did not form geographical clusters. Our study highlights the genetic characteristics ofT.pisiformiswith the aim of accelerating the genetic research and control of cysticercosis.
Dissemination of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusSCCmectype IV and SCCmectype V epidemic clones in a tertiary hospital: challenge to infection control
Authors: DHAWAN B. , RAO C. , UDO E. E. , GADEPALLI R. , VISHNUBHATLA S. , KAPIL A. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYTwo-hundred MRSA strains from inpatients with healthcare-associated (HA) and 100 MRSA strains from outpatients with community-associated (CA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, Panton–Valentine leucocidin (PVL) toxin,sehandarcAgenes. Based on SCCmectyping, HA-MRSA isolates were further divided into HA-SCCmecI/II/III MRSA and HA-SCCmecIV/V MRSA, and CA-MRSA isolates into CA-SCCmecI/II/III MRSA and CA-SCCmecIV/V MRSA. SCCmectypes were further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,spatyping and multi-locus sequence typing. Seventy-five (37·5%) HA-MRSA isolates and 83/100 CA-MRSA isolates were SCCmecIV/V genotype. HA-SCCmecIV/V MRSA was associated with malignancy (P = 0·03) and bone fractures (P = 0·02) compared to CA-SCCmecIV/V MRSA. HA-SCCmecIV/V MRSA was associated with PVL gene carriage compared to HA-SCCmecI/II/III MRSA (P < 0·001). ST22-MRSA-IV (EMRSA-15), ST772-MRSA-V, and ST36-MRSA-IV and ST239:EMRSA-I:III were the major clones identified. Our study documents the emergence of SCCmecIV and SCCmecV MRSA clones in an Indian hospital.
Acquired long QT interval complicated with Torsades de Pointes as presentation of a pheochromocytoma in a paediatric patient: a case report
Authors: Cecilia Gonzalez M. , Emilien Derycke , Laurent Houtekie 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTorsades de Pointes is an extremely rare arrhythmia in children associated to LQT syndrome. Pheochromocytomas are also extremely rare tumours in the paediatric age. We present a case of a young patient with an acquired long QT syndrome complicating with Torsades de Pointes as first clinical manifestation of a pheochromocytoma.
Local Band Gap Measurements by VEELS of Thin Film Solar Cells
Authors: Keller Debora , Buecheler Stephan , Reinhard Patrick , Pianezzi Fabian , Pohl Darius , Surrey Alexander , Rellinghaus Bernd , Erni Rolf , Tiwari Ayodhya N. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis work presents a systematic study that evaluates the feasibility and reliability of local band gap measurements of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films by valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy (VEELS). The compositional gradients across the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layer cause variations in the band gap energy, which are experimentally determined using a monochromated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The results reveal the expected band gap variation across the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layer and therefore confirm the feasibility of local band gap measurements of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 by VEELS. The precision and accuracy of the results are discussed based on the analysis of individual error sources, which leads to the conclusion that the precision of our measurements is most limited by the acquisition reproducibility, if the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum is high enough. Furthermore, we simulate the impact of radiation losses on the measured band gap value and propose a thickness-dependent correction. In future work, localized band gap variations will be measured on a more localized length scale to investigate, e.g., the influence of chemical inhomogeneities and dopant accumulations at grain boundaries.
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rong Peijing , Liu Aihua , Zhang Jianguo , Wang Yuping , He Wei , Yang Anchao , Li Liang , Ben Hui , Li Liping , Liu Huanguang , Wu Peng , Liu Rupeng , Zhao Yufeng , Zhang Jianliang , Huang Feng , Li Xia , Zhu Bing 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This trial was designed to test the safety and effectiveness of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (ta-VNS) for patients with refractory epilepsy. Pre-trial：144 patients were randomly assigned to ta-VNS group (n=98) or transcutaneous auricular non-vagus nerve stimulation (tn-VNS) control group (n=46). Treatment was conducted twice per day for 24 weeks. After 8, 16 and 24 weeks of treatment，the patients were evaluated according to the Modified Engel Scale (four classes). After 8 weeks，according to the medical ethic design, patients in tn-VNS group were switched into ta-VNS group uniquely. After 8 weeks’ treatment 41.0% and 27.5% of patients from ta-VNS and tn-VNS groups, respectively, experienced reduction in seizure frequency that reached I, II and III levels according to the standards of the Modified Engel Scale compared with the baselines, indicating significant difference in seizure reduction between the two groups. After 24 weeks of treatment, ta-VNS patients had a 47.7% reduction, and tn-VNS, with an additional 16 weeks of treatment, reached 47.5% in reduction. After 8 weeks’ treatment, the percentages of average seizure frequency in ta-VNS and tn-VNS were reduced by 42.6% and 11.5% respectively, providing a statistically significant difference in the results between the two groups (P<0.05). In addition, there were significant improvements in electroencephalograph (EEG) and the quality of daily life of the patients after treatment. The results show that this ta-VNS treatment can effectively reduce the frequency of seizures and improve the patient's quality of life. This may be an effective treatment for refractory epilepsy. At the same time，it is also safe，economic, and widely applicable.
A Systematic Review of Ethics Knowledge in Audiology (1980–2010)
Authors: Naudé Alida Maryna , Bornman Juan 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
The purpose of this research was to apply multiple perspectives as part of a systematic review to analyze literature regarding ethics in audiology. Audiologists are particularly vulnerable to the changing requirements of the discipline that compel them to straddle both professional obligations and business principles, creating a hybrid professional.

Method

The authors used a 2-phase mixed-method approach to analyze publications. Publications were sorted into categories, namely, ethics approach, author, decade, role of the audiologist, component of morality, and common themes. The sample consisted of peer-reviewed articles cited in MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, MasterFILE Premier, E-Journals, Africa-Wide Information, and Academic Search Premier electronic databases and non-peer-reviewed articles in
Seminars in Hearing
.

Results
The publications were predominantly philosophical, focused on the rehabilitative role of the audiologist, and addressed the moral judgment component of moral behavior.

Conclusions
Despite the fact that knowledge of ethics grew between 1980 and 2010, this retrospective analysis identified gaps in current knowledge. Research is needed to address the unique ethical problems commonly encountered in all 8 roles of the audiologist; patient perspectives on ethics; ethical approaches; factors affecting moral judgment, sensitivity, motivation, and courage; and cultural dimensions of ethical practice in audiology.
Competition–dispersal tradeoff ecologically differentiates recently speciated marine bacterioplankton populations
Authors: Yawata Yutaka , Cordero Otto X. , Menolascina Filippo , Hehemann Jan-Hendrik , Polz Martin F. , Stocker Roman 
Published: April 2014

Significance
The resource landscape for marine microbes is composed of microscale resource patches, but whether this microheterogeneity can drive the ecological differentiation of natural microbial populations remains unclear. The tradeoff between two nascent populations of marine bacteria demonstrated here is significant for several reasons. First, it illustrates that principles of spatial ecology, so far only illustrated for animals and plants, apply to the ephemeral, microscale nutrient landscape of marine microbes. Second, the results suggest that differential behavior can ensure coexistence of otherwise very similar populations of organisms. Finally, because the demonstrated tradeoff induces microgeographic separation among the populations, it may be a crucial step in initiating gene flow barriers that ultimately allow the populations to embark on differential evolutionary trajectories.
Neurocognitive determinants of performance variability among world-language users
Authors: García Adolfo M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Although the notion of world language has been variously defined, most accounts acknowledge inter-user performance variability as a key aspect of the construct. The sociocultural aspects of such a phenomenon have been extensively treated in the literature. However, comparatively little attention has been paid to its neurocognitive underpinnings. This paper addresses the biopsychological bases of performance variability among word-language users, focusing on bilingual speakers of English. Available evidence reveals four neurocognitive determinants of variability, namely manner of appropriation, age of acquisition, level of proficiency, and degree of formal similarity between the native and the non-native language. In its concluding section, the paper highlights the benefits of incorporating neurocognitive evidence into the study and conceptualization of world languages.
Computational thinking: a case study of Buddhist terminology using new software
Authors: Lancaster Lewis 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
With the advent of digital technology, there are radical changes sweeping through disciplines that cannot be resisted. It is part of this shift that is described by the term “Computational Thinking”. It is defined as the scholarly strategy of thinking at multiple levels of abstraction with the added use of the capacity of the computer to count and analyze complexity. As an example of “Computational Thinking”, I have used the digitized Korean version of the Chinese Buddhist canon, to explore an important term 本覺. The expression is usually translated as “Original Enlightenment” and is a major doctrinal teaching in East Asia. The analytic computation of the canon is further enhanced by the metadata tag of time, the purported date of translation. Providing temporal aspects to the computation gives us invaluable ways of analysis that would not be possible without the dating. The computation provides a glimpse of the history of the occurrences.
FIRST ULTRAVIOLET REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS OF SEVERAL KUIPER BELT OBJECTS, KUIPER BELT OBJECT SATELLITES, AND NEW ULTRAVIOLET MEASUREMENTS OF A CENTAUR
Authors: Stern S. A. , Cunningham N. J. , Schindhelm R. N. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
We observed the 2600–3200 Å (hereafter, mid-UV) reflectance of two Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs), two KBO satellites, and a Centaur, using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS). Other than measurements of the Pluto system, these constitute the first UV measurements obtained of KBOs, and KBO satellites, and new HST UV measurements of the Centaur 2060 Chiron. We find significant differences among these objects, constrain the sizes and densities of Haumea's satellites, and report the detection of a possible spectral absorption band in Haumea's spectrum near 3050 Å. Comparisons of these objects to previously published UV reflectance measurements of Pluto and Charon are also made here.
Effect of guanxi on Chinese subordinates' work behaviors: a conceptual framework
Authors: Yung Chou Shih , Han Bo , Zhang Xiaohu 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– This study aims to investigate a subordinate's perception of supervisor-subordinate guanxi and its impact on the subordinate's work-related outcomes.Design/methodology/approach– This study draws upon relevant literature and develops a theoretical framework that investigates the relationships among a subordinate's perceived supervisor-subordinate guanxi, loyalty to supervisor, challenge-oriented organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), affiliation-oriented OCB, job security perception, and task performance.Findings– This study suggests first, subordinate-supervisor guanxi will have a positive impact on a subordinate's loyalty to supervisor. Second, subordinate-supervisor guanxi will negatively affect a subordinate's challenge-oriented OCB, but will positively affect a subordinate's affiliation-oriented OCB. Third, a subordinate's loyalty to supervisor will negatively influence his or her challenge-oriented OCB, but will positively influence his or her affiliation-oriented OCB. Fourth, challenge-oriented OCB will negatively affect job security perception, whereas affiliation-oriented OCB will positively affect job security perception. Finally, job security perception will positively influence task performance.Research limitations/implications– This study has several limitations. First, it does not consider the role of personality traits in determining work-related behaviours. Second, it only considers a one-to-one guanxi relationship. Thus, the results of this study could be different when a supervisor has one-to-many guanxi relationships.Practical implications– This study suggests that a supervisor should take how to create quality informal relationships with subordinates into account when attempting to motivate Chinese subordinates' task and extra-role performance. Moreover, managers should manage effective informal social networks with subordinates proactively.Originality/value– This study is one of the few studies that examine the impact of subordinate-supervisor guanxi on both extra-role and in-role performance from the perspective of singular view of subordinate-supervisor guanxi.
Development of a model relating internal organizational variables with customer orientation in the context of the emerging economy of India
Authors: Sekhar Bhattacharyya Som , Jha Sumi 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of the study is to establish the relationship of customer orientation (CO) with internal organizational variable like transformational leadership fostering acceptance of group goals (TLFAGG), organizational citizenship behavior conscientiousness (OCBC), empowerment competence (EC) and organizational commitment (OC).Design/methodology/approach– The study was conducted by a structured survey questionnaire on 398 managers related to marketing function in India, employed in both private and public sector firms. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and AMOS 18 for structured equation modeling.Findings– The results of the study indicated that the exogenous variables were TLFAGG and OCBC. The intervening variables were EC and OC. The endogenous variable was CO. TLFAGG showed significant positive relationship with EC and OC and CO. OCBC had significant positive relationship with EC and OC and CO. EC was found to have significant positive relationship with CO. OC has significant positive relationship with CO.Research limitations/implications– This is one of the first studies developing a model involving CO with two internal organizational exogenous variables TLFAGG and OCBC. The model also had two intervening organizational variables EC and OC.Practical implications– Human resource managers involved in bringing CO culture especially in emerging economies can take the inputs from this study to engineer elements of TLFAGG, OCBC, EC and OC amongst the employees.Originality/value– In the context of emerging economy markets, the model developed on CO relating it with TLFAGG, OCBC, EC and OC is one of the foremost studies.
Guanxi network and leader member exchange
Authors: Ahmed Ishfaq , Khairuzzaman Wan Ismail Wan , Mohamad Amin Salmiah 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– This study investigated how leader-member relation and guanxi association create an impetus for creative work involvement (CWI) through feeling of energy (FE). The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– A total of 239 Malaysian-Chinese employees occupying various designations in 23 manufacturing organizations were questioned at two points of time. At the first instance, they responded for guanxi network (GN) and leader member exchange associations; and at the second instance, for their FE and creative involvement.Findings– Structural equation modeling analysis showed that social exchange relations (GN and leader member exchange) positively predicted employees' FE which resulted in increased level of CWI.Social implications– This study adds value to the existing literature on guanxi association and signifies that such values are not boundary restricted. Malaysian-Chinese also experience guanxi associations and its impact on their job outcomes.Originality/value– This study covers an unexplored role of GN in improving employees' level of energy and CWI; and mediation of leader-member exchange in the association of GN and energy.
Developing a comprehensive safety performance evaluation framework for Saudi schools
Authors: Alolah Turki , Anthony Stewart Rodney , Panuwatwanich Kriengsak , Mohamed Sherif 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to empirically develop a safety performance (SP) framework for evaluating the various leading and lagging indicators of SP in Saudi public schools.Design/methodology/approach– A comprehensive review of the safety and performance evaluation literature enabled the formulation of the constructs, factors and items that underpinned a conceptual SP evaluation framework. The research method involved a conceptual framework review and refinement process with 18 experts, followed by a questionnaire survey of 200 respondents from Saudi public schools. The final form of the SP evaluation framework was determined through a rigorous statistical analysis process, including exploratory factor analysis to uncover the underlying framework architecture from a relatively large set of items, and then the application of the partial least squares method to confirm framework adequacy and to assign loading coefficients.Findings– The developed SP evaluation framework for Saudi schools included five constructs, namely, safety management and leadership, safety learning and training, safety policy, procedures, and processes, workforce safety culture and SP.Practical implications– The developed SP evaluation framework is proposed for implementation by the Saudi Ministry of Education to better monitor and manage school safety in the future.Originality/value– This SP evaluation framework is one of the first to holistically evaluate SP in schools, particularly in the Saudi Arabian context.