bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction of N‐Heterocyclic Silylenes with Thioketone: Formation of Silicon–Sulfur Three (Si‐C‐S)‐ and Five (Si‐C‐C‐C‐S)‐Membered Ring Systems
Authors: Azhakar Ramachandran , Ghadwal Rajendra S. , Roesky Herbert W. , Mata Ricardo A. , Wolf Hilke , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThree‐ and five‐membered rings that bear the (Si‐C‐S) and (Si‐C‐C‐C‐S) unit have been synthesized by the reactions of LSiCl (1; L=PhC(NtBu)2) and L′Si (2; L′=CH{(CCH2)(CMe)(2,6‐iPr2C6H3N)2}) with the thioketone 4,4′‐bis(dimethylamino)thiobenzophenone. Treatment of 4,4′‐bis(dimethylamino)thiobenzophenone with LSiCl at room temperature furnished the [1+2]‐cycloaddition product silathiacyclopropane 3. However, reaction of 4,4′‐bis(dimethylamino)thiobenzophenone with L′Si at low temperature afforded a [1+4]‐cycloaddition to yield the five‐membered ring product 4. Compounds 3 and 4 were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, EIMS, and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of 3 and 4 were unambiguously established by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis. The room‐temperature reaction of 4,4′‐bis(dimethylamino)thiobenzophenone with L′Si resulted in products 4 and 5, in which 4 is the dearomatized product and 5 is formed under the 1,3‐migration of a hydrogen atom from the aromatic phenyl ring to the carbon atom of the CS unit. Furthermore, the optimized structures of probable products were investigated by using DFT calculations.
Understanding the Electronic Structures of Graphene Quantum Dot Physisorption and Chemisorption onto the TiO2 (110) Surface: A First‐Principles Calculation
Authors: Long Run 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe investigated the interfacial electronic structure and charge transfer properties of graphene quantum dot (GQD) physisorption and chemisorption on the TiO2 (110) surface from density functional theory calculations. The simulations show that a slight charge transfer occurs in physisorption case while a significant charge transfer takes place in chemisorption configuration. We present a detailed comparison of the similarities and differences between the electronic structures. The similarities originate from the positive work function difference in both the physisorption and chemisorption configurations, which is able to drive electron transfer from GQD into TiO2, leading to charge separation across the GQD–TiO2 interface. The differences stem from the interaction between the GQD and TiO2 substrate. For example, GQD bounds to TiO2 surface through van der Waals interactions in the case of physisorption. In the chemisorption configuration, however, there exists strong covalent bonding between them. This leads to much more efficient charge separation for chemisorption than for physisorption. Furthermore, the GQD–TiO2 composites show large band‐gap narrowing that could extend the optical absorption edge into the visible‐light region. This should imply that chemisorbed GQDs produce a composite with better photocatalytic and photovoltaic performance than composites formed through physisorption.
Loss of cell‐extracellular matrix interaction triggers retinal regeneration accompanied by Rax and Pax6 Activation
Authors: Nabeshima Ayaka , Nishibayashi Chisato , Ueda Yoko , Ogino Hajime , Araki Masasuke 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe whole retina regenerates from retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells by transdifferentiation in the adult newt and Xenopus laevis when it is surgically removed. We produced a transgenic animal line, in which EGFP expression is under the control of Rax pomotor. Using F1 and F2 generations, we analyzed Rax‐EGFP expression during retinal regeneration in a tissue culture model. In the culture, 4 zones were distinguished as RPE cells migrating outwards from the periphery of the explant: the explant zone, epithelial zone, transition zone and differentiation zone. Expression of transcription factors such as Pax6 and Rax‐EGFP was observed in different zones. Rax‐EGFP expression preceded Pax6 expression, and the expression of both genes occurred in RPE cells that had lost contact with the basement membrane facing the choroid. We have developed a new culture method in which RPE tissues are embedded in Matrigel. This method has many advantages over the previous gel‐overlay method to reproduce construction of 3D‐retinal structures and clearly showed that RPE cells need to be detached from the choroid before entering the regeneration pathway. The present results indicate that the temporal changes in cell‐cell and cell‐extracellular matrix interactions regulate transdifferentiation. genesis 51:410–419. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of the UV irradiation on degradation of virgin rapeseed oils
Authors: Pawłowicz Roman , Gromadzka Justyna , Tynek Maria , Tylingo Robert , Wardencki Waldemar , Karlovits Gyorgy 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper presents research which is a continuation of the investigations described earlier. The aim of these studies was to determine the influence of UV irradiation on flavor and the oxidative stability of different rapeseed oils varieties. For the purpose of this study, oil samples underwent accelerated deterioration for 4.5 h under a UV light test. In the obtained sample, characteristic values (peroxide (PV, 1.23–1.62 meq O2/kg), anisidine (AnV, 0.53–1.20) and TOTOX (3.02–4.14)), concentration of conjugated dienes ($E_{1\,{\rm cm}}^{{\rm 1}\% } $ at 232 nm 1.21–2.08) and trienes ($E_{1\,{\rm cm}}^{{\rm 1}\% } $ at 268 nm 0.11–0.34), carotenoids and chlorophylls, oxidative stability (DSC‐test), volatiles were determined and a sensory evaluation was carried out. Changes in the PV and AnV values in the function of irradiation time have fluctuating character (e.g., for PV from 0.45 meq O2/kg before UV treatment to 1.61 meq O2/kg after 4.5 h of the UV irradiation and for AnV from 0 to 1.20), therefore they cannot be used as quality indicators. There was no correlation between these values and the level of generated sensory descriptors and the sum of volatiles as well as the initial oils stability (DSC‐test). During UV irradiation, the decrease in carotene and chlorophyll content had a linear pattern. The absolute losses of carotenoids were from 1 ppm (samples 5 and 6) to 3.8 ppm (sample 2) and for chlorophylls from 0.02 ppm (sample 5) to 0.25 ppm (sample 4). There was a high correlation (R2 = 0.87) observed between the maximum intensity of the varnish descriptor and IP‐DSC of the virgin oils for all samples.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of palm stearin to produce diacylglycerol with a highly thermostable lipase
Authors: Xu Yang , Guo Shaohua , Wang Weifei , Wang Yonghua , Yang Bo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper for the first time presents the production of diacylglycerol (DAG) by hydrolysis of high‐melting oil by a highly thermostable lipase (T1 lipase). T1 lipase was expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli, and used to produce DAG by catalyzing the hydrolysis of palm stearin. The optimal conditions were obtained by a water content of 30% w/w (with respect to oil mass), T1 lipase at a concentration of 7.5 U/g (U/w, with respect to oil mass) and at 60°C. Scale‐up reaction was attempted based on the optimized conditions and 28.1% of DAG was achieved. Molecular distillation was employed for purification of DAG from the reaction mixture and the final DAG product yielded 42.5% of DAG (27.8% for 1,3‐DAG and 14.7% for 1,2‐DAG) and 57.5% of triacylglycerol (TAG). During hydrolysis, T1 lipase was discovered to show 1,3‐regiospecific activity toward TAGs. The results indicated that T1 lipase is a prospective enzyme which can be used in the modification of high‐melting oils and fats.Practical applications: Enzymatic modification of high‐melting oils is a challenging task. Here DAG production by T1 lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of palm stearin (PS) is reported for the first time.
Binding and Fluorescent Sensing of Dicarboxylates by a Bis(calix[4]pyrrole)‐Substituted BODIPY Dye
Authors: Gotor Raúl , Costero Ana M. , Gaviña Pablo , Gil Salvador , Parra Margarita 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA bis(calix[4]pyrrole)‐substituted BODIPY ditopic receptor 1 has been synthesised and characterised. The binding and sensing properties of 1 towards several aliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylates have been evaluated by using UV/Vis fluorescence and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The receptor strongly binds linear α,ω‐dicarboxylates of appropriate lengths (C9 and C10) by acting as a cleft. For all dicarboxylates, the binding event is detected by a bathochromic shift in the UV/Vis spectra of the receptor and by strong quenching of its fluorescence.
A method to predict and understand fish survival under dynamic chemical stress using standard ecotoxicity data
Authors: Ashauer Roman , Thorbek Pernille , Warinton Jacqui S. , Wheeler James R. , Maund Steve 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The authors present a method to predict fish survival under exposure to fluctuating concentrations and repeated pulses of a chemical stressor. The method is based on toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic modeling using the general unified threshold model of survival (GUTS) and calibrated using raw data from standard fish acute toxicity tests. The model was validated by predicting fry survival in a fish early life stage test. Application of the model was demonstrated by using Forum for Co-ordination of Pesticide Fate Models and Their Use surface water (FOCUS-SW) exposure patterns as model input and predicting the survival of fish over 485 d. Exposure patterns were also multiplied by factors of five and 10 to achieve higher exposure concentrations for fish survival predictions. Furthermore, the authors quantified how far the exposure profiles were below the onset of mortality by finding the corresponding exposure multiplication factor for each scenario. The authors calculated organism recovery times as additional characteristic of toxicity as well as number of peaks, interval length between peaks, and mean duration as additional characteristics of the exposure pattern. The authors also calculated which of the exposure patterns had the smallest and largest inherent potential toxicity. Sensitivity of the model to parameter changes depends on the exposure pattern and differs between GUTS individual tolerance and GUTS stochastic death. Possible uses of the additional information gained from modeling to inform risk assessment are discussed. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:954–965. © 2013 SETAC
INVESTIGATION OF THE TOXICOKINETICS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON DISTILLATES WITH THE EARTHWORM EISENIA ANDREI
Authors: Cermak Janet , Stephenson Gladys , Birkholz Detlef , Dixon D. George 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

The Canada-wide standards for petroleum hydrocarbons in soils regulate petroleum hydrocarbons based on four distillate ranges: F1 (C6–C10), F2 (&gt;C10–C16), F3 (&gt;C16–C34), and F4 (&gt;C34). Previous toxicity tests with earthworms and F2, as well as two subfractions of F3, F3a (&gt;C16–C23) and F3a (&gt;C23–C34), indicate that test durations might not be sufficiently long to reach threshold effect concentrations, likely because of the differing toxicokinetics for each distillate. A study was conducted to determine the toxicokinetics of both aliphatic and aromatic fractions of F2, F3a, and F3b with the earthworm Eisenia andrei. Peak accumulation curves were observed for F2 aliphatics and aromatics and F3a aromatics, likely as a result of changes in exposure concentration over the test duration via loss or a decrease in the bioavailable fraction. Biota–soil accumulation factors were &gt;1 for total F2 aliphatics and aromatics and F3a aromatics as well as for several individual polyaromatic hydrocarbons for each distillate. Aromatics were disproportionately accumulated over aliphatics and were the main contributors to toxicity; therefore, aromatics and aliphatics should be regulated separately. The toxicokinetics were used to interpret previous toxicity data. Higher molecular weight distillates need longer-than-standard test durations to determine toxicity, so toxicity test results from fixed, standard-duration tests are not strictly comparable for these petroleum distillates. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:1006–1015. © 2013 SETAC
Breakpoint characterization of the der(19)t(11;19)(q13;p13) in the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV‐3
Authors: Onkes Wiebke , Fredrik Regina , Micci Francesca , Schönbeck Benjamin J , Martin‐Subero Jose I , Ullmann Reinhard , Hilpert Felix , Bräutigam Karen , Janssen Ottmar , Maass Nicolai , Siebert Reiner , Heim Sverre , Arnold Norbert , Weimer Jörg 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAbout 20% of ovarian carcinomas show alterations of 19p13 and/or 19q13 in the form of added extra material whose origin often is from chromosome 11. Based on earlier spectral karyotype analysis of the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV‐3, which shows an unbalanced translocation der(19)t(11;19), the aim of this study was to determine the precise breakpoints of that derivative chromosome. After rough delimitation of the breakpoints of microdissected derivative chromosomes by array analysis, we designed a matrix of primers spanning 11q13.2 and 19p13.2 detecting multiple amplicons on genomic and cDNA. Sequencing the amplicons, accurate localization of both breakpoints on both chromosomes was possible and we found that exon 14 of HOOK2 from chromosome 19 and exon 2 of ACTN3 from chromosome 11 were fused in the derivative chromosome. The breakpoint in the HOOK2 gene was in an intrinsic triplet of nucleic acids leading to a shift in the ACTN3 reading frame in the derivative chromosome. This frameshift alteration should give rise to an early stop codon causing a loss of function of ACTN3. Signals in two‐dimensional Western blotting exactly match to calculated molecular mass and the isoelectric point of the fusion protein. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increased miR‐195 aggravates neuropathic pain by inhibiting autophagy following peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Shi Guodong , Shi Jiangang , Liu Kun , Liu Ning , Wang Yuan , Fu Zhiyi , Ding Jiandong , Jia Lianshun , Yuan Wen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFollowing peripheral nerve injury (PNI) microglia proliferates and adopts inflammation that contributes to development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. miRNAs and autophagy are two important factors in the regulation of inflammation. However, little is known about whether miRNAs regulate neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain by controlling autophagy. In the study, we demonstrated that miR‐195 levels were markedly increased in rats subjected to L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Upregulated miR‐195 was also found in spinal microglia of rats with SNL. The overexpression of miR‐195 contributed to lipopolysaccharide‐induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and iNOS in cultured microglia. Upregulated miR‐195 also resulted in increased mechanical and cold hypersensitivity after PNI, whereas miR‐195 inhibition reduced mechanical and cold sensitivity. We further demonstrated that PNI significantly inhibited microglial autophagy activation, whereas miR‐195 inhibitor treatment increased autophagy activation and suppressed neuroinflammation in vivo and in vitro. More important, autophagy inhibition impaired miR‐195 inhibitor‐induced downregulation of neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. Additionally, ATG14 was identified as the functional target of miR‐195. Conclusions: These data demonstrated that miR‐195/autophagy signaling represents a novel pathway regulating neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain, thus offering a new target for therapy of neuropathic pain.
Stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness among racial/ethnic older adults in primary care
Authors: Jimenez Daniel E. , Bartels Stephen J. , Cardenas Veronica , Alegría Margarita 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveThe current study applies the perceived stigma framework to identify differences in attitudes toward mental health and mental health treatment among various racial/ethnic minority older adults with common mental health problems including depression, anxiety disorders, or at‐risk alcohol use. Specifically, this study examines to what extent race/ethnicity is associated with differences in (1) perceived stigma of mental illness and (2) perceived stigma for different mental health treatment options.MethodsAnalyses were conducted using baseline data collected from participants who completed the SAMHSA Mental Health and Alcohol Abuse Stigma Assessment, developed for the PRISM‐E (Primary Care Research in Substance Abuse and Mental Health for the Elderly) study, a multisite randomized trial for older adults (65+ years) with depression, anxiety, or at‐risk alcohol consumption. The final sample consisted of 1247 non‐Latino Whites, 536 African‐Americans, 112 Asian‐Americans, and 303 Latinos.ResultsAfrican‐Americans and Latinos expressed greater comfort in speaking to primary care physicians or mental health professionals concerning mental illness compared with non‐Latino Whites. Asian‐Americans and Latinos expressed greater shame and embarrassment about having a mental illness than non‐Latino Whites. Asian‐Americans expressed greater difficulty in seeking or engaging in mental health treatment.ConclusionsRacial/ethnic differences exist among older adults with mental illness with respect to stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness and mental health treatment. Results of this study could help researchers and clinicians educate racial/ethnic minority older adults about mental illness and engage them in much needed mental health services. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The BTBD9 gene may be associated with antipsychotic‐induced restless legs syndrome in schizophrenia
Authors: Kang Seung‐Gul , Lee Heon‐Jeong , Park Young‐Min , Yang Hee Jung , Song Hyun Mi , Lee Yu Jin , Cho Seong‐Jin , Cho Sung Nam , Kim Leen 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveA genome‐wide association study and several replication studies have shown significant association between BTBD9 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and restless legs syndrome (RLS). The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the BTBD9 gene polymorphisms and antipsychotic‐induced RLS in schizophrenic patients.MethodsRestless legs syndrome symptoms were evaluated using the diagnostic criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group in 190 Korean schizophrenic patients. We genotyped the rs9357271 and rs3923809 polymorphisms of the BTBD9 gene in schizophrenic patients with (n = 96) and without (n = 94) RLS symptoms.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the allele frequency (χ2 = 8.14, p = 0.004) of the rs9357271 polymorphism between schizophrenic patients with and without RLS symptoms. Significant genotypic association of this single nucleotide polymorphisms with RLS symptoms was also observed for the dominant model (χ2 = 10.32, p = 0.001) and heterozygous model (χ2 = 10.9, p = 0.001). When we compared the frequencies of the rs3923809–rs9357271 haplotypes between the two groups, the overall haplotype frequencies were significantly different (permuted p = 0.037), and the A‐T haplotype was significantly more frequent in the RLS symptom group than in the no RLS symptom group (0.112 vs. 0.041, permuted p = 0.007).ConclusionsThese data suggest that the BTBD9 gene is associated with antipsychotic‐induced RLS symptoms in schizophrenic patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INFLUENCE OF CROP SPATIAL VARIABILITY WHEN CALCULATING IRRIGATION NETWORK FLOWS
Authors: Monserrat J. , Ezpeleta M. , Colomer M.A. , Cots LL. , Barragan J. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIn on‐demand irrigation network design, calculation of pipe flows is usually based on the mean water requirements of the crops that can be expected to be planted in the area. However, while the network is sized for mean water needs, the actual requirements of each plot will depend on the crop planted and may well be different from the calculated mean water needs. As a result, the network may be undersized in terms of covering the flow demands of certain of its sections.The aim of this work was to study the influence of the spatial variability of crops on network flows and to make recommendations for methods of calculation capable of providing more reliable values for these flows.An equation was obtained that made it possible to determine what is known as the operation quality (OQ) based on the section number and the coefficient of variation of the water needs of the crops planned for the area. This equation was applied to two networks with different plot sizes and the results were compared with others obtained when the mean water requirements were assumed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of multifunctional bioresponsive polymers for the management of chronic wounds
Authors: Nyanhongo Gibson S. , Sygmund Christoph , Ludwig Roland , Prasetyo Endry Nugroho , Guebitz Georg M 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNovel multifunctional bioresponsive gelatin and alginate based hydrogels with in‐built antioxidant regenerating system and antimicrobial properties were successfully synthesized. These hydrogels are based on the versatile reactions catalyzed by cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH). CDH uses cellobiose and cello‐oligosacharides as electron donors to reduce oxidized phenolic antioxidants, quinones, or molecular oxygen to H2O2 (a well‐known antimicrobial agent). The antioxidant regenerating system consisting of CDH and cellobiose increased the ability of catechol to quench nitric oxide (NO), superoxide (O2−) and hydroxyl radicals (OH•) in solution and when incorporated into hydrogels. The CDH loaded into the hydrogels free of oxidized phenolic antioxidants and quinones reduced molecular to H2O2 resulting in the complete inhibition of the growth of Stapylococcus aeureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, Escherichia coli and Cellulomonasmicrobium cellulans. This study therefore presents a new concept for synthesizing multifunctional bioresponsive chronic wound dressing polymers with in‐built continuous antioxidant system able to continuously quench [reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNOS)], and antimicrobial properties able to prevent microbial colonization of wound. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.