bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Aerial Imagery to Characterize Redband Trout Habitat in a Remote Desert Landscape
Authors: Dauwalter Daniel C. , Fesenmyer Kurt A. , Bjork Robin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRemote sensing products, including aerial imagery, can be used to quantify characteristics of watersheds and stream corridors that often predict the distribution and abundance of aquatic species. We conducted a supervised, object‐oriented classification of imagery from the National Agricultural Imagery Program to develop a high‐resolution (1‐m) land cover data set with four cover classes, emphasizing accurate characterization of woody riparian vegetation along stream corridors in northern Nevada and southwestern Idaho. The overall classification accuracy was 76%, and producer's accuracy (reflecting false positives) and user's accuracy (reflecting false negatives) for the woody vegetation class were 84% and 70%, respectively. Using logistic and quantile regression models in a model‐selection framework, we found woody vegetation to be positively associated with the occurrence and density of Redband Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri. In addition, occurrence probabilities and densities were highest at mean August stream temperatures (predicted from a stream temperature model) ranging from 13°C to 17°C. When considered together with stream temperature, percent woody vegetation typically predicted Redband Trout occurrence and density better than most field‐measured instream and riparian habitat variables in northern Nevada. Our study highlights how free high‐resolution imagery can be used to characterize woody riparian vegetation and Redband Trout habitat across a large and remote desert landscape that can be difficult to access for field surveys. It also suggests that imagery from the National Agricultural Imagery Program may have wider application in identifying stream habitat restoration opportunities, where land and water uses have negatively impacted woody riparian vegetation in desert regions of the interior western United States.
Shortening Tuberculosis Treatment With Fluoroquinolones: Lost in Translation?
Authors: Lanoix Jean-Philippe , Chaisson Richard E. , Nuermberger Eric L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The disappointing recent failure of fluoroquinolone-containing regimens to shorten the duration of tuberculosis treatment in costly phase 3 trials has raised serious questions about the reliability of preclinical tuberculosis models, especially mice, and the current paradigm of regimen development. Therefore we re-examined data from murine models and early-stage clinical trials on which the pivotal trials were based, concluding that phase 3 trial results were in line with preceding studies. Finally, we offer suggestions for a more efficient and integrated preclinical and clinical regimen development program where quantitative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models more predictive of curative treatment durations are set forth.
CD3ε recruits Numb to promote TCR degradation
Authors: Martin-Blanco Nadia , Jiménez Teja Daniel , Bretones Gabriel , Borroto Aldo , Caraballo Michael , Screpanti Isabella , León Javier , Alarcón Balbino , Canelles Matilde 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Modulation of TCR signaling upon ligand binding is achieved by changes in the equilibrium between TCR degradation, recycling and synthesis; surprisingly, the molecular mechanism of such an important process is not fully understood. Here, we describe the role of a new player in the mediation of TCR degradation: the endocytic adaptor Numb. Our data show that Numb inhibition leads to abnormal intracellular distribution and defective TCR degradation in mature T lymphocytes. In addition, we find that Numb simultaneously binds to both Cbl and a site within CD3ε that overlaps with the Nck binding site. As a result, Cbl couples specifically to the CD3ε chain to mediate TCR degradation. The present study unveils a novel role of Numb that lies at the heart of TCR signaling initiation and termination.
Astrophysical constraints on massive black hole binary evolution from pulsar timing arrays
Authors: Middleton Hannah , Del Pozzo Walter , Farr Will M. , Sesana Alberto , Vecchio Alberto 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We consider the information that can be derived about massive black hole binary (MBHB) populations and their formation history solely from current and possible future pulsar timing array (PTA) results. We use models of the stochastic gravitational-wave background from circular MBHBs with chirp mass in the range 106–1011 M⊙ evolving solely due to radiation reaction. Our parametrized models for the black hole merger history make only weak assumptions about the properties of the black holes merging over cosmic time. We show that current PTA results place an upper limit on the black hole merger density which does not depend on the choice of a particular merger history model; however, they provide no information about the redshift or mass distribution. We show that even in the case of a detection resulting from a factor of 10 increase in amplitude sensitivity, PTAs will only put weak constraints on the source merger density as a function of mass, and will not provide any additional information on the redshift distribution. Without additional assumptions or information from other observations, a detection cannot meaningfully bound the massive black hole merger rate above zero for any particular mass.
New versus Conventional Helmet for Delivering Noninvasive Ventilation
Authors: Olivieri Carlo , Longhini Federico , Cena Tiziana , Cammarota Gianmaria , Vaschetto Rosanna , Messina Antonio , Berni Paola , Magnani Corrado , Della Corte Francesco , Navalesi Paolo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAbstract
In 14 patients, a novel helmet provided more comfort and faster responses to effort than the standard helmet, but an endotracheal tube enabled the most rapid responses.

Background
The helmet is a well-tolerated interface for noninvasive ventilation, although it is associated with poor patient–ventilator interaction. A new helmet (NH) has proven to attenuate this limitation of the standard helmet (SH) in both bench study and healthy volunteers. The authors compared a NH and a SH in intensive care unit patients receiving noninvasive ventilation for prevention of postextubation respiratory failure; both helmets were also compared with the endotracheal tube in place before extubation.

Methods
Fourteen patients underwent 30-min trials in pressure support during invasive ventilation and then with a SH and a NH in a random order. The authors measured comfort, triggering delays, rates of pressurization (airway pressure–time product [PTP] of the first 300 [PTP300-index] and 500 [PTP500-index] ms from the onset of effort, and the first 200 ms from the onset of insufflation [PTP200]), time of synchrony between effort and assistance (Timesynch/Tineu), respiratory drive and frequency, arterial blood gases (ABGs), and rate of asynchrony.

Results
Compared with SH, NH improved comfort (5.5 [5.0 to 6.0] vs. 8.0 [7.8 to 8.0]), respectively, P < 0.001), inspiratory trigger delay (0.31 [0.22 to 0.43] vs. 0.25 [0.18 to 0.31] s, P = 0.007), and pressurization (PTP300-index: 0.8 [0.1 to 1.8] vs. 2.7 [7.1 to 10.0]%; PTP500-index: 4.8 [2.5 to 9.9] vs. 27.3 [16.2 to 34.8]%; PTP200: 13.6 [10.1 to 19.6] vs. 30.4 [24.9 to 38.4] cm H2O/s, P < 0.01 for all comparisons) and Timesynch/Tineu (0.64 [0.48 to 0.72] vs. 0.71 [0.61 to 0.81], P = 0.007). Respiratory drive and frequency, ABGs, and rate of asynchrony were not different between helmets. Endotracheal tube outperformed both helmets with respect to all variables, except for respiratory rate, ABGs, and asynchronies.

Conclusions
Compared with a SH, a NH improved comfort and patient–ventilator interaction.
Visualizing the Propagation of Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Cereda Maurizio , Xin Yi , Meeder Natalie , Zeng Johnathan , Jiang YunQing , Hamedani Hooman , Profka Harrilla , Kadlecek Stephen , Clapp Justin , Deshpande Charuhas G. , Wu Jue , Gee James C. , Kavanagh Brian P. , Rizi Rahim R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAbstract
Sequential computed tomography illustrates how lung strain, but not hypoxemia, predicts the spatial propagation of lung injury after acid aspiration. Lung regions near the initial injury focus may be more vulnerable to injury propagation by mechanical ventilation.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background
Mechanical ventilation worsens acute respiratory distress syndrome, but this secondary “ventilator-associated” injury is variable and difficult to predict. The authors aimed to visualize the propagation of such ventilator-induced injury, in the presence (and absence) of a primary underlying lung injury, and to determine the predictors of propagation.

Methods
Anesthetized rats (n = 20) received acid aspiration (hydrochloric acid) followed by ventilation with moderate tidal volume (VT). In animals surviving ventilation for at least 2 h, propagation of injury was quantified by using serial computed tomography. Baseline lung status was assessed by oxygenation, lung weight, and lung strain (VT/expiratory lung volume). Separate groups of rats without hydrochloric acid aspiration were ventilated with large (n = 10) or moderate (n = 6) VT.

Results
In 15 rats surviving longer than 2 h, computed tomography opacities spread outward from the initial site of injury. Propagation was associated with higher baseline strain (propagation vs. no propagation [mean ± SD]: 1.52 ± 0.13 vs. 1.16 ± 0.20, P < 0.01) but similar oxygenation and lung weight. Propagation did not occur where baseline strain was less than 1.29. In healthy animals, large VT caused injury that was propagated inward from the lung periphery; in the absence of preexisting injury, propagation did not occur where strain was less than 2.0.

Conclusions
Compared with healthy lungs, underlying injury causes propagation to occur at a lower strain threshold and it originates at the site of injury; this suggests that tissue around the primary lesion is more sensitive. Understanding how injury is propagated may ultimately facilitate a more individualized monitoring or management.
Effect of fin and tube configuration on heat transfer of an internally finned tube
Authors: Mohapatra Kailash , Mishra Dipti Prasad 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of an internally finned tube for different flow conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
– Numerical investigation have been performed by solving the conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy with two equation-based k-eps model to determine the wall temperature, outlet temperature and Nusselt number of an internally finned tube.

Findings
– It has been found from the numerically investigation that there exists an optimum fin height and fin number for maximum heat transfer. It was also found that the heat transfer in T-shaped fin was highest compared to other shape. The saw type fins had a higher heat transfer rate compared to the plane rectangular fins having same surface area and the heat transfer rate was increasing with teeth number. Keeping the surface area constant, the shape of the duct was changed from cylindrical to other shape and it was found that the heat transfer was highest for frustum shape compared to other shape.

Practical implications
– The present computations could be used to predict the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of an internal finned tube specifically used in chemical and power plants.

Originality/value
– The original contribution of the paper was in the use of the two equation-based k-eps turbulent model to predict the maximum heat transfer through optimum design of fins and duct.
Local fractional differential equations by the Exp-function method
Authors: Jia Zhijuan , Hu Mingsheng , Chen Qiaoling , Jai Suimin 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The fractional complex transform is used to convert the fractional differential equation to its differential partner and the exp-function method is to solve the resultant equation. The exact solutions for the equation are successfully established. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Use the chain rule of the local fractional derivative and the exp-function method.

Findings
– Some new exact solutions for the fractional differential equation are successfully established, and the process of the solution is extremely simple and remarkably accessible.

Originality/value
– The fractional complex transform is used to convert the fractional differential equation to its differential partner and the exp-function method is to solve the resultant equation.
Unconditional convergence of the Euler semi-implicit scheme for the 3D incompressible MHD equations
Authors: Zhang Guo-Dong , He Yinnian 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider the numerical implementation of the Euler semi-implicit scheme for three-dimensional non-stationary magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations. The Euler semi-implicit scheme is used for time discretization and (P
1b
, P
1, P
1) finite element for velocity, pressure and magnet is used for the spatial discretization.

Design/methodology/approach
– Several numerical experiments are provided to show this scheme is unconditional stability and unconditional L2−H2 convergence with the L2−H2 optimal error rates for solving the non-stationary MHD flows.

Findings
– In this paper, the authors mainly focus on the numerical investigation of the Euler semi-implicit scheme for MHD flows. First, the unconditional stability and the L2−H2 unconditional convergence with optimal L2−H2 error rates of this scheme are validated through our numerical tests. Some interesting phenomenons are presented.

Originality/value
– The Euler semi-implicit scheme is used to simulate a practical physics model problem to investigate the interaction of fluid and induced magnetic field. Some interesting phenomenons are presented.
Numerical analysis of effect of magnetic field on combined surface tension and buoyancy driven convection in partially heated open enclosure
Authors: Nagarajan N. , Öztop Hakan F. , Begum A. Shamadhani , Al-Salem Khaled 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of the paper is to investigate the effects of magnetic field on the flow driven by the combined mechanism of buoyancy and thermocapillary flow in an open enclosure with localized heating from below and symmetrical cooling from the sides.

Design/methodology/approach
– The governing equations are discretized by the control volume method with power-law scheme and solved numerically by SIMPLE algorithm for the pressure-velocity coupling together with under-relaxation technique.

Findings
– In this work, it is observed that, the average Nusselt number, decreases with an increase of Hartmann number Ha, and increases with increase of Prandtl and Grashof number. At large Marangoni number Ma, a prominent secondary eddies are observed at the top of the enclosure due to the effect of surface tension.

Originality/value
– The study combines many external forces on thermocapillary flow.
Upper garment 3D modeling for pattern making
Authors: Zhang Jun , Innami Noriaki , Kim KyoungOk , Takatera Masayuki 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to produce an upper garment model for three-dimensional (3D) pattern making. This model will take into account ease allowance and silhouette, and will be used to propose a size-changing method.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors used two real garment bodices with a surface suitable for pattern development. The garments were fitted to a designated dummy body and scanned. Using the scanned data, the authors made those upper garment basic models suitable for 3D pattern making. Using one model, the authors produced two bodice patterns, one with the original seam lines and the other with seam lines that differed from the original ones, and then compared them with the original jacket bodice. To construct garment models that were different in size from the basic model, the authors calculated multiplication factors of cross-sectional dimensions (in the front, back and lateral directions) between the basic garment and the actual garment shape worn on a body for each basic model. Using the multiplication factors, the authors made two different size garment models from two different size dummies for each basic model. The authors used these models to make patterns and garments.

Findings
– The reproduced jackets had similar shapes, silhouettes and ease allowances to the original jacket. Two garments of different sizes for each original jacket were made using the multiplication factors, and these garments also had similar silhouettes to the original jacket.

Research limitations/implications
– The implications of the work could be the new size-changing method.

Originality/value
– Using the modeling method, the authors were able to make complex new garment models that take into account ease allowance and silhouette. The ability to size these models up or down using multiplication factors could be a substitute for the grading method.
Ring yarn quality prediction using hybrid artificial neural network
Authors: Ghanmi Hanen , Ghith Adel , Benameur Tarek 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to predict a global quality index of a ring spun yarn whose count Ne is ranging between 7.8 (76.92 tex) and 22.2 (27 tex). To fulfill this goal, a hybrid model based on artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic has been established. Fiber properties, yarn count and twist level are used as inputs to train the hybrid model and the output would be a quality index which includes the major physical properties of ring spun yarn.

Design/methodology/approach
– The hybrid model has been developed by means of the application of two soft computing approaches. These techniques are ANN which allows the authors to predict four important yarn properties, namely: tenacity, breaking elongation, unevenness and hairiness and fuzzy expert system which investigates spinner experience to give each combination of the four yarn properties an index ranging from 0 to 1. The prediction of the model accuracy was estimated using statistical performance criteria. These criteria are correlation coefficient, root mean square error, mean absolute error and mean relative percent error.

Findings
– The obtained results show that the constructed hybrid model is able to predict yarn quality from the chosen input variables with a reasonable degree of accuracy.

Originality/value
– Until now, there is no sufficiently information to evaluate and predict the global yarn quality from raw materials characteristics and process parameters. Therefore, this present paper’s aim is to investigate spinner experience and their understanding about both the impact of various parameters on yarn properties and the relationship between these properties and the global yarn quality to predict a quality index.
The growth of the green office market in the UK
Authors: Oyedokun Tunbosun , Jones Colin , Dunse Neil 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the experience of the UK office market in embracing green buildings. The empirical analysis considers the spatial pattern and growth of green buildings in cities since 1990. It examines the perceived industry wisdom that the establishment of a green premium for occupation is the key to greening the office stock.Design/methodology/approach– The paper begins by looking at the concept of a green office and then examines the evolving attitudes towards these offices and the issues for local market dynamics. The empirical analysis examines the current spatial pattern of green office buildings in the UK and then their impact on city office markets, where there is a major concentration. The latter part of the paper examines the growth of green offices since 1990. It begins with national trends and then examines the evolution of green development in individual cities.Findings– The initial adoption of green offices was slow. There has been a dramatic rise in green offices at the peak of the past decade’s development boom and in the immediate years that followed. Market acceptance of the importance of greenness appears still to be in the melting pot with limited market transactions since 2008. Green offices represent only 2.7 per cent of office buildings and 12 per cent of total space in the market. Most green offices are in the principal cities with the largest concentration in London. London represents the only potential locality where a green market could have been established so far.Practical implications– The paper provides an empirical assessment of the growth of green offices in the UK.Originality/value– This is the first paper to consider the development and scale of green offices in the context of local markets. It challenges the perceived wisdom that a green premium is central to the green transformation to date.
Exploring value for money (VfM) assessment methods of public-private partnership projects in Ghana
Authors: Ameyaw Collins , Adjei-Kumi Theophilus , Owusu-Manu De-Graft 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the various approaches prescribed in literature in the assessment of value for money (VfM) of public–private partnership (PPP) projects with the aim to develop a theoretical framework for measuring VfM in Ghana.Public–private partnership (PPP) has long been recognized as an effective way of procuring public infrastructure to deliver value for money, but the subject has received little research attention in Ghana.Design/methodology/approach– The methodology comprises a multi-stage critical review of relevant literature; review of Ghana’s National Policy on PPP and review of the Public Procurement Act, 2003 (Act 663). This paper was underpinned by an interpretivist philosophy and is inductive in nature.Findings– The approach for VfM assessment largely depends on the jurisdiction of the project. Multiple methods (qualitative and quantitative) are used along the project cycle in the bid to achieve VfM. The most common assessment approaches include public sector comparator shadow bid, lease-purchase analysis, cost benefits analysis, public interest test central guidelines and competitive bidding. The study developed a theoretical framework for assessing VfM in Ghana.Research limitations/implications– The research was purely exploratory and non-empirical; and hence cannot be generalized in a broader context.Practical implications– Implementation of the National PPP policy and for PPP to thrive in Ghana, a framework to guide the assessment and achievement of VfM is crucial. The steps outlined if followed would help ensure the public receives the best of all PPP deals in Ghana.Originality/value– This paper is unique providing insights into a conceptual basis for assessing VfM and provides a basis for future empirical study.