bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The larval chondrocranium and its development in Smilisca phaeota with considerations of patterns characteristic for the chondrocranial development of Lalagobatrachia
Authors: Ziermann-Canabarro Janine M. , Lukas Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSeveral studies describe the development of the chondrocranium of vertebrates. The details in these studies vary a lot, which makes it hard to compare developmental patterns and identify evolutionary trends. Therefore, we aim to close this gap for anurans, which is the largest order of amphibians. We present here a detailed description of the chondrocranium morphology and development of Smilisca phaeota, the New Granada cross-banded tree frog. The anatomy was described for the larvae at or older than Gossner stage 31 and before ossification starts. Following this, we describe the development of the chondrocranium from Gossner stages 19–26. Early in Gossner stage 19 no precursors of any cartilages are visible, while later in that stage the mesodermal Anlage of Meckel’s cartilage was observed. In the subsequent stages more and more mesodermal anlagen become identifiable, followed by chondrification, and final differentiation of the cartilage elements. We used serial sections to study all the developmental stages and additionally utilized cleared and stained specimens and CT scan data. The latter were also used for the 3D reconstruction of the chondrocranium. We previously studied several species and compared these developmental patterns with S. phaeota, revealing potentially characteristic patterns significant for Lalagobatrachia, a clade that includes over 7000 frog species. These include (1) the suprarostral alae develop before the suprarostral corpus, (2) the infrarostral cartilage chondrifies late, after the chondrification of ceratobranchial 1, and (3) the ceratohyal body is the first element to show chondrocytes and to chondrify. However, with only six species studied so far, our data only provide a basis for future studies and developing hypotheses about the ancestral developmental pattern in anurans.
Digital twins in dermatology, current status, and the road ahead
Authors: Akbarialiabad Hossein , Pasdar Amirmohammad , Murrell Dédée F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital twins, innovative virtual models synthesizing real-time biological, environmental, and lifestyle data, herald a new era in personalized medicine, particularly dermatology. These models, integrating medical-purpose Internet of Things (IoT) devices, deep and digital phenotyping, and advanced artificial intelligence (AI), offer unprecedented precision in simulating real-world physical conditions and health outcomes. Originating in aerospace and manufacturing for system behavior prediction, their application in healthcare signifies a paradigm shift towards patient-specific care pathways. In dermatology, digital twins promise enhanced diagnostic accuracy, optimized treatment plans, and improved patient monitoring by accommodating the unique complexities of skin conditions. However, a comprehensive review across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus until February 5th, 2024, underscores a significant research gap; no direct studies on digital twins’ application in dermatology is identified. This gap signals challenges, including the intricate nature of skin diseases, ethical and privacy concerns, and the necessity for specialized algorithms. Overcoming these barriers through interdisciplinary efforts and focused research is essential for realizing digital twins’ potential in dermatology. This study advocates for a proactive exploration of digital twins, emphasizing the need for a tailored approach to dermatological care that is as personalized as the patients themselves.
Moiré superlattices of antimonene on a Bi(111) substrate with van Hove singularity and Rashba-type spin polarization
Authors: Nakamura Tomonori , Chen Yitao , Nemoto Ryohei , Qian Wenxuan , Fukushima Yuto , Kawaguchi Kaishu , Mori Ryo , Kondo Takeshi , Yamaji Youhei , Tsuda Shunsuke , Yaji Koichiro , Uchihashi Takashi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMoiré superlattices consisting of two-dimensional materials have attracted immense attention because of emergent phenomena such as flat band-induced Mott insulating states and unconventional superconductivity. However, the effects of spin-orbit coupling on these materials have not yet been fully explored. Here, we show that single- and double-bilayer antimony honeycomb lattices, referred to as antimonene, form moiré superlattices on a Bi(111) substrate due to lattice mismatch. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) measurements reveal the presence of spectral peaks near the Fermi level, which are spatially modulated with the moiré period. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) combined with density functional theory calculations clarify the surface band structure with saddle points near the Fermi level, which allows us to attribute the observed STM spectral peaks to the van Hove singularity. Moreover, spin-resolved ARPES measurements reveal that the observed surface states are Rashba-type spin-polarized. The present work has significant implications in that Fermi surface instability and symmetry breaking may emerge at low temperatures, where the spin degree of freedom and electron correlation also play important roles.
Source‐load cooperative frequency regulation based on virtual synchronous/asynchronous machine concept
Authors: Sun Qiuye , Hu Jie , Wang Rui , Zhang Huaguang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to the absence of inertia, the high proportion of electronic power equipment is a great threat to the stability of the power system. Previous studies have proposed the virtual synchronous machine (VSM) control method for the inverter‐based distributed generators (DG). However, due to the capacity limitations of DG, the capability of the inverter to provide the inertia action is limited. At the same time, some controllable loads also have the ability to provide inertial support but are still not fully utilised. To get a better grid frequency response, this paper proposes a source‐load coordination strategy based on the VSM and virtual asynchronous machine (VAM) concept. For that purpose, a detailed VAM model is firstly derived for the rectifier on power demand side. Not only the virtual inertia and frequency oscillation damping can be provided, but also the synchronisation units are not needed to obtain the unknown grid frequency. After that, a distributed consensus‐based secondary control is present to regulate the frequency to converge to a reference value based on VSM and VAM. Compared with the existing frequency regulation method, the proposed scheme makes full use of the ability of the load side to participate in frequency modulation. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to validate the feasibility of the proposed method on MATLAB/Simulink.
Numerical simulations of temperature anisotropy instabilities stimulated by suprathermal protons
Authors: Shaaban S. M. , López R. A. , Lazar M. , Poedts S. 
Published: August 2024

Context. The new in situ measurements of the Solar Orbiter mission contribute to the knowledge of the suprathermal populations in the solar wind, especially of ions and protons whose characterization, although still in the early phase, seems to suggest a major involvement in the interaction with plasma wave fluctuations.
Aims. Recent studies point to the stimulating effect of suprathermal populations on temperature anisotropy instabilities in the case of electrons already being demonstrated in theory and numerical simulations. Here, we investigate anisotropic protons, addressing the electromagnetic ion-cyclotron (EMIC) and the proton firehose (PFH) instabilities.
Methods. Suprathermal populations enhance the high-energy tails of the Kappa velocity (or energy) distributions measured in situ, enabling characterization by contrasting to the quasi-thermal population in the low-energy (bi-)Maxwellian core. We use hybrid simulations to investigate the two instabilities (with ions or protons as particles and electrons as fluid) for various configurations relevant to the solar wind and terrestrial magnetosphere.
Results. The new simulation results confirm the linear theory and its predictions. In the presence of suprathermal protons, the wave fluctuations reach increased energy density levels for both instabilities and cause faster and/or deeper relaxation of temperature anisotropy. The magnitude of suprathermal effects also depends on each instability’s specific (initial) parametric regimes.
Conclusions. These results further strengthen the belief that wave-particle interactions govern space plasmas. These provide valuable clues for understanding their dynamics, particularly the involvement of suprathermal particles behind the quasi-stationary non-equilibrium states reported by in situ observations.
Evidence for magnetic boundary layer accretion in RU Lup
Authors: Armeni A. , Stelzer B. , Frasca A. , Manara C. F. , Walter F. M. , Alcalá J. M. , Schneider P. C. , Sicilia-Aguilar A. , Campbell-White J. , Fiorellino E. , Gameiro J. F. , Gangi M. 
Published: August 2024

Context. It is well established that classical T Tauri stars accrete material from a circumstellar disk through magnetic fields. However, the physics regulating the processes in the inner (0.1 AU) disk is still not well understood.
Aims. Our aim is to characterize the accretion process of the classical T Tauri Star RU Lup.
Methods. Optical high-resolution spectroscopic observations with CHIRON and ESPRESSO were obtained simultaneously with photometric data from AAVSO and TESS.
Results. We detected a periodic modulation in the narrow component of the He I 5876 line with a period that is compatible with the stellar rotation period, indicating the presence of a compact region on the stellar surface that we identified as the footprint of the accretion shock. We show that this region is responsible for the veiling spectrum, which is made up of a continuum component plus narrow line emission that fills in the photospheric lines. An analysis of the high-cadence TESS light curve reveals quasi-periodic oscillations on timescales shorter than the stellar rotation period, suggesting that the accretion disk in RU Lup extends inward of the corotation radius, with a truncation radius at ~2 R*. This is compatible with predictions from three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic models of accretion through a magnetic boundary layer (MBL). In this scenario, the photometric variability of RU Lup is produced by a nonsta-tionary hot spot on the stellar surface that rotates with the Keplerian period at the truncation radius. We also qualitatively discuss how more complex hot spot shapes may generate the same variability pattern. The analysis of the broad components of selected emission lines reveals the existence of a non-axisymmetric, temperature-stratified flow around the star, in which the gas leaves the accretion disk at the truncation radius and accretes onto the star channeled by the magnetic field lines. The unusually rich metallic emission line spectrum of RU Lup might be characteristic of the MBL regime of accretion.
Conclusions. Our extensive multiwavelength database of RU Lup reveals many similarities to predictions from the scenario of accretion through a magnetic boundary layer. Alternative explanations would require the existence of a hot spot with a complex shape, perhaps made of two brighter knots, or a warped structure in the inner disk.
Klinische Ergebnisse nach endoskopischer Facettengelenkdenervation bei Patienten mit chronischen Kreuzschmerzen
Authors: Lenz Maximilian , Egenolf Philipp , Menzhausen Johanna , Heck Vincent , Perera Akanksha , Eysel Peer , Scheyerer Max , Oikonomidis Stavros 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungIn mehreren Studien wurde berichtet, dass Kreuzschmerzen in der Bevölkerung mit bis zu 85% eine hohe Prävalenz aufweisen. Die perkutane Radiofrequenz-Facettengelenkdenervation (PRFD) ist heute der Goldstandard bei der Rhizotomie von chronischen Kreuzschmerzen (CLBP). Bisher veröffentlichte Studien zeigen jedoch kontroverse Ergebnisse über die Wirksamkeit der PRFD. Ziel dieser Studie war es daher, den Einsatz der endoskopischen Facettengelenkdenervation (EJE) zur Behandlung chronischer Kreuzschmerzen zu analysieren und potenzielle Risikofaktoren zu ermitteln, die die Indikationen für den Eingriff einschränken könnten.Wir haben retrospektiv 31 Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen, die seit mindestens 24 Monaten an chronische Kreuzschmerzen leiden. Alle Patienten wurden einer endoskopischen Facettengelenkdenervation unterzogen und mussten postoperativ ODI-, COMI-, EQ-5D- und VRS-Scores ausfüllen, wobei die Nachbeobachtungszeit mindestens 12 Monate betrug. Zur Analyse der Korrelationen wurden grundlegende Patientendaten erfasst.Bei allen gemessenen klinischen Werten, wie ODI, COMI, EQ-5D und VRS, wurde eine signifikante Verbesserung festgestellt. Während das beste Ergebnis bei der 3-monatigen Nachuntersuchung erzielt wurde, wurde bei der 12-monatigen Nachuntersuchung eine leichte Verschlechterung festgestellt. Im Vergleich zu den präoperativen Scores wurde jedoch ein signifikanter Nutzen festgestellt. 28/31 Patienten (93,3%) berichteten bei der Nachuntersuchung nach 12 Monaten über geringere Schmerzen und waren mit dem Verfahren zufrieden. Älteres Alter und psychiatrische Vorerkrankungen wurden als potenzielle Risikofaktoren identifiziert, die mit einem schlechteren Ergebnis einhergehen. Postoperative Komplikationen wie Hämatome, eine Sensibilitätsstörung und eine vorübergehende Muskelschwäche der unteren Extremitäten wurden selten beobachtet.Die endoskopische Facettengelenkdenervation zeigte eine signifikante Verbesserung der klinischen Ergebnisse und der VRS im Vergleich zu den präoperativen Werten von Patienten mit einer mindestens 12 Monate bestehenden chronischen Kreuzschmerzen vor der Operation. Ältere Patienten und Patienten mit psychiatrischen Vorerkrankungen profitieren weniger von dem Eingriff.
True Aneurysm of Superficial Temporal Artery Presenting as Subcutaneous Scalp Swelling: A Diagnostic Conundrum in Two Cases
Authors: Barua Navanil , Sarma Pragyan , Sharma Amit Kumar , Agrawal Atul , Chaturvedi Sujata , Pant Ishita 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTrue aneurysms of the superficial temporal artery (STA) are very rarely encountered in clinical practice. Unlike pseudoaneurysms neither they have any preceding history of trauma nor are they associated with atherosclerosis or any other comorbid conditions. We hereby report two such cases, which according to our literature search are exceedingly rare. Two young patients presented with subcutaneous swelling of short duration in the scalp. They did not have any prior history of trauma or associated comorbidities. The only presenting symptom was headache with a pulsatile subcutaneous mass. Diagnostic workup revealed STA aneurysm in both the cases and they were managed with surgical excision of the aneurysm. Histopathology of the aneurysm wall revealed true aneurysm in both cases. True aneurysms of STA should be considered a differential diagnosis in patients with a scalp swelling along the course of the artery. Younger patients should be investigated further to look for any congenital predisposition or coexistent vascular lesion. Considering that it is a rare entity, a proper investigating protocol and surgery remains the key to their successful management.
Editorial for the Special Issue of Comparative Economic Studies: 50 Years After the End of Bretton Woods—The Experiences of Small Open Economies
Authors: Rathke Alexander , Straumann Tobias , Sturm Jan-Egbert 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis special issue of Comparative Economic Studies, commemorating fifty years since the end of the Bretton Woods system, examines the adjustment of small open economies to floating exchange rates and new monetary policy frameworks. Based on a workshop held at the KOF Swiss Economic Institute in June 2023, six papers analyse dimensions such as the evolution of monetary policy regimes, the impact of economic crises and the use of unconventional monetary policies in Canada, Israel, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. The findings highlight the benefits and limitations of inflation targeting, the challenges of global financial integration and the strategic responses of central banks to maintain stability and independence, providing policymakers with valuable insights into the complex dynamics of monetary policy in the post-Bretton Woods era.
Examining teachers’ rhetorical choices
Authors: Moghaddam Mostafa Morady , Bardzokas Valandis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study examines the role of disaffiliative reactions, specifically disagreement, in teacher-student
interactions. Disagreement is often seen as confrontational and disruptive, but this research investigates whether it is a
dispreferred act in these interactions. By analyzing teacher-student interactions and considering students’ final achievement
scores, the study explores how teachers respond to students’ arguments. The paper specifically examines the context in which
teachers contradict students’ arguments when requesting a reconsideration of their scores. While destructive responses are
typically considered face-threatening, the findings suggest that they are the preferred linguistic behavior for teachers in these
situations. This is because a constructive or affiliative reaction may potentially undermine the teachers’ fair assessment policy
and authoritative power. The study also reveals that the severity of disagreements varies based on the tone of the students’
justifications. When students include compliments in their justifications, teachers tend to respond with mitigated disagreement,
whereas openly critical justifications are more likely to elicit aggravated disagreement from teachers. The study illustrates that
different cultures may have varying norms and expectations regarding disagreement and confrontational behavior.
Qubit-qubit quantum coherence mediated by an epsilon-near-zero waveguide
Authors: Yin Zhenhua , Wang Jicheng , Wang Yueke , Zhu Yun , Li Mengmeng , Khakhomov Sergei , Hu Zheng-Da 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Quantum coherence, as a more general quantum resource compared to quantum entanglement, has attracted increasing attention over recent years. Establishing stable quantum coherence is crucial for implementing reliable quantum information tasks. In this study, we propose a scheme to generate stable quantum coherence of two qubits via an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) waveguide. We find that employing Si3N4 rather than SiO2 results in stronger qubit-qubit coupling and maximal quantum coherence in a certain range. We derive analytical expressions for both quantum coherence and quantum entanglement, allowing for direct comparison within a unified framework. To achieve stable quantum coherence, classical field driving is introduced. We find that stable coherence is much larger and easier mediated than that of stable entanglement. Our work contributes to the creation of a new stable quantum resource via an ENZ waveguide.
Low carbon economic dispatch of power-gas interconnected systems considering carbon capture technologies
Authors: Cheng Yang , Zhang Xiaoqian , Ji Peng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To address wind power curtailment and high carbon emissions in power systems, this paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch model for an electricity-gas system with carbon capture technology. It integrates a carbon storage system, thermal power, wind power, and P2G units, aiming to minimize daily operating costs while adhering to operational constraints. This interconnected approach enhances the system’s low-carbon and economic efficiency.
Design of hundred mw level shared BESSs and “Clean Energy + Energy Storage” joint operation mode
Authors: Li Xiangjun , Zhang Weijun , Dong Lizhi , Luo Xingyan , Chen Dawei , Li Hanning , Jia Xuecui , Li Biao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the background of the construction of the Fujian Xiapu shared energy storage power station project. It also establishes the structure of the dispatching energy management system (EMS) for a large-scale Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) based on the energy storage station’s topology. The design and implementation method of the monitoring module for the energy storage power station is introduced, along with the proposition of the joint operation mode of “clean energy + energy storage”. Additionally, the technical requirements and feasibility of this mode are discussed. The shared energy storage operation mode can effectively enhance the energy conversion efficiency of the battery system while significantly reducing costs.
Optimizing the design of parallel busbars to suppress the Taylor Instability in large-scale liquid metal batteries
Authors: Zuo Xiaozhong , Chen Baozhi , Li Qiguang , Li Benwen , Li Chenhao , Liu Ke , Guo Jingru 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, we utilize the open-source software OpenFOAM to numerically simulate the Tayler instability in liquid metal batteries. The simulation depicts the dynamic evolution of the electrolyte layer, fluid flow, and magnetic field distribution in the battery at different operating times. Special attention is paid to the influence of optimizing the parallel busbar configuration on Tayler instability and battery capacity. It is found that the additional magnetic field generated by the busbars can effectively alter the magnetic field distribution inside the battery, thereby significantly reducing the Lorentz force and suppressing the Tayler instability within the battery. Therefore, by optimizing the parallel busbar configuration, the stable operating time of the battery is prolonged, and the battery capacity is enhanced. This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the application of liquid metal batteries in large-scale grid-level energy storage systems and offers new insights into the development of energy storage technology.
Study on the synthesis of nanoparticles and their power characteristics in a bubble liquid membrane reactor
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Chunlei , Yang Zhuo , Qiao Mian , Gong Yuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A bubble liquid film reactor is a new type of reactor used for preparing nanoparticles, which has strong inflation ability and dispersion, homogenization, and emulsification effects, especially suitable for preparing loose nanoparticles. In the actual production of enterprises, there is an urgent need to expand production capacity and scale up the reactor. Due to the lack of power characteristic data during the reaction process, it is difficult to select the motor, resulting in unnecessary energy and cost waste. Therefore, the power characteristic data of bubble liquid film reactors urgently needs to be studied. This article investigates the influence of operating conditions such as bubble cap diameter and immersion depth on stirring power and obtains the power characteristics during the operation of a bubble liquid film reactor. The results indicate that the larger the diameter of the bubble cap disk, the stronger the power consumption, but the smaller the power input capacity. The deeper the immersion depth, the higher the power consumption and the stronger the power input capability. Finally, fitting the dimensionless power standard formula provides a mathematical model for reactor amplification, providing theoretical guidance for enterprises to expand production lines and increase production capacity, and providing data support for motor selection.