bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal profusion in the literacies of the Massive Open Online Course
Authors: Knox Jeremy , Bayne Siân 
Published: January 2014

This paper takes a view of digital literacy, which moves beyond a focus on technical methods and skills in an attempt to maintain a broader approach that encompasses a critical view of the learning subject. In doing this, we consider socio-materialism and its relation to aspects of literacy theory. We anchor the discussion in a consideration of the ‘E-learning and Digital Cultures’ Coursera MOOC, which provided a tangible setting for theorising some of the practices of digital literacy differently. The profusion of multimodal artefacts produced in response to this course constituted a complex series of socio-material entanglements, in which human beings and technologies each played a constituent part. Two specific digital artefacts are analysed according to these terms. We conclude that socio-material multimodality constitutes a different way of thinking about digital literacy: not as representational practices, but rather as multifaceted and relational enactments of knowledge, specific to particular contexts and moments.Keywords: digital literacy; multimodal; socio-material; MOOC; enactment(Published: 31 January 2014)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2014, 21: 21422 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21.21422
Granulomatous inflammation and organizing pneumonia: Role of computed tomography-guided lung fine needle aspirations, touch preparations and core biopsies in the evaluation of common non-neoplastic diagnoses
Authors: Saqi Anjali , Coley Shana M. , Crapanzano John P. 
Published: January 2014

Background:Fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) and core biopsies (CBs), with or without touch preparations (TPs), are performed to characterize pulmonary lesions. Although a positive (P) or suspicious report is sufficient for further management, the significance of unsatisfactory (U), negative (N) and atypical (A) cytological diagnoses remains uncertain. The aims of the study were to correlate U, N and A cytological diagnoses with histological and/or clinical/radiological follow-up and evaluate the utility of FNAs, TPs and CBs.Materials and Methods:We performed a retrospective search and examined 30 consecutive computed tomography-guided transthoracic U, N and A lung FNAs (n= 23) and TPs (n= 7) with surgical pathology (SP) (n= 17) and/or clinical/radiological follow-up (n= 13) and compared them to 10 SP-confirmedPFNAs, which served as controls.Results:The 30 FNAs and TPs were from 29 patients. All 6 U specimens were scantly cellular. Granulomas, the most common specific benign cytological diagnosis, were evident in 8 (of 13) and 7 (of 11) N and A cytology cases, respectively. Histology corroborated the presence of granulomas identified on cytology. Organizing pneumonia was the second leading benign specific diagnosis (5/17), but it was rendered on histology (n= 5) and not FNAs or TPs. Evaluation of the A cases revealed that type II pneumocytes were the source of “atypical”, diagnoses often associated with granulomas or organizing pneumonia and lacked 3-D clusters evident in allPcases.Discussion:U, N and A FNAs and TPs lacked 3-D clusters seen in carcinomas and were negative on follow-up. Granulomas and organizing pneumonia were the most common specific benign diagnoses, but the latter was recognized on histology only. In the absence of a definitive FNA result at the time of on-site assessment, a CB with a TP containing type II pneumocytes increases the likelihood of a specific benign diagnosis.
The influence of different mixing methods on the dimensional stability and surface detail reproduction of two different brands of irreversible hydrocolloids
Authors: Culhaoglu Ahmet Kursad , Zaimoglu Ali , Dogan Evrim , Ozkir Serhat Emre 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials are some of the most common impression materials in dentistry. Preparation of alginate is critical for dental appliance fabricated upon the cast made directly from the impression. This study compared the effect of two mixing methods i.e. hand mixing or device mixing on the physical properties of two different brands of irreversible hydrocolloid. Materials and Methods: Two alginate impression materials: Cavex Tulip (Tulip, Cavex Holland BV, Haarlem, Holland) and Hydrogum Soft (Zhermack, Rovigo, Italy), were mixed according to manufacturers instroductions with two mixing methods. Mixing was performed at room temperature using tap water. The material was allowed to set in a water bath at 35°C (±1°C), simulating intra-oral setting conditions. For each tested material, nine standardized samples were used. The first method was hand mixing; the other method was with a device. Detail reproduction and dimensional changes of impressions were compared. One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the dimensional differences between the four groups. Results: The device mixed speciemens showed better surface detail than hand-mixed samples. Cavex alginate demonstrated better surface detail than Hydrogum. Cavex Tulip alginate showed better dimensional stability than Hydrogum Soft in both hand-mixed and device-mixed samples. Furthermore, all device mixed samples were better than hand-mixed in terms of dimensional stability. A two-way analysis of variance and Fisher′s protected least significant difference test at the 0.05 level of significance were used to analyze the data. Conclusion: Of the two mixing methods, the vacuum mixer had the best performance overall in reducing the number, percent and volume of porosities in the mixed alginate.
Forensic importance of maxillary sinus in gender determination: A morphometric analysis from Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Sidhu Ruhi , Chandra Sunira , Devi Parvathi , Taneja Neeraj , Sah Kunal , Kaur Navdeep 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: The study of anthropometric characteristics is of fundamental importance to solve problems related to identification. Craniometrical features are included among these characteristics, which are closely connected to forensic dentistry. Radiography is used in forensic for the identification of humans especially in cases where the body is decomposed, fragmented, or burned. Radiology can assist in giving accurate dimensions for which certain formulae can be applied to determine the gender. It has been reported that maxillary sinuses remain intact, although the skull and other bones may be badly disfigured in victims who are incinerated and therefore, that maxillary sinuses can be used for identification. Aim: This study has been carried out to check the accuracy and reliability of maxillary sinus in gender determination using morphometric parameters. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalogram of 50 subjects (25 males and 25 females) were taken and morphometric parameters of maxillary sinus were analyzed using AutoCAD 2010 software (Autodesk, Inc.). Results: The mean area and perimeter of maxillary sinus in males was 1.7261 cm2 and 5.2885 cm whereas, the mean area and perimeter in females was 1.3424 cm2 and 4.3901 cm. In-group centroids if someone′s discriminant function (DF) score is close to 0.838 then the subject are supposed to be male. Whereas, those having DF score closer to −0.838 are supposed to be females. DF analysis showed that, 76% of the original grouped cases were correctly classified. Hence, the overall sensitivity and specificity was found to be 80% and 72%. Conclusion: It can be concluded that morphometric analysis (area and perimeter) of maxillary sinus using AutoCAD 2010 software can assist in gender determination.
Retreatment of a Mutilated Tooth with Open Apex by using PRF, MTA and Anatomic Post
Authors: Lokade Jyoti , Chande Keyur P , Manwar Narendra U 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Apexification aims to induce apical closure of the open root apex with a hard-tissue barrier, against which a root filling can be compacted. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a potential apical barrier material with good sealability and a high degree of biocompatibility. The main technical problem associated with placement is to prevent overfill and underfill. This paper demonstrates retreatment of an open apex tooth by placement of an apical barrier using MTA and PRF membrane as an internal matrix followed by application of anatomical post and core. This new technique is particularly advantageous in teeth which have open apex, root canals that are not round, wide canals and thin radicular dentin.

How to cite this article
Chande KP, Manwar NU, Chandak MG, Lokade J. Retreatment of a Mutilated Tooth with Open Apex by using PRF, MTA and Anatomic Post. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2013;3(3):105-110.
Effects of mineral composition and heterogeneity on the reservoir quality evolution with CO2 intrusion
Authors: Yang Leilei , Xu Tianfu , Yang Bing , Tian Hailong , Lei Hongwu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDuring the diagenesis of rocks in a sedimentary basin, an intrusion of CO2 could cause dissolution or/and precipitation of the surrounding rocks. As a result, the reservoir quality may be altered. The mineral composition and heterogeneity have pronounced impacts on the geochemical reaction and reservoir quality evolution. A numerical simulation method is employed to investigate the influences of primary mineral on the diagenesis. Based on the measured data from the Songliao Basin, a total of 26 two‐dimensional models with different mineral composition are set up. To mimic the regionally heterogeneous distribution of mineral composition, the Monte Carlo method is employed. A CO2 gas reservoir of magma intrusion origin, located in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China, is selected for the present study. The reservoir is an ideal site for investigating the impact of mineral heterogeneity on diagenesis after the CO2 intrusion. In this reservoir, with the presence of high‐pressure CO2, the mineral heterogeneity causes significant dissolution and precipitation of minerals, which decreases the reservoir porosity and degrades the reservoir quality. The geochemical reactions caused by different mineral composition vary widely. The mineral heterogeneity causes similar distributions of the geochemical reactions and reservoir quality evolution. Dominant secondary minerals are dawsonite in the early diagenesis and ankerite in the late stage. The diagenetic sequences modeled by our numerical simulations reproduce the petrographic and geochemical data well.
A method to estimate whistler wave vector from polarization using three‐component electric field data
Authors: Jacobson Abram R. , Holzworth Robert H. , Pfaff Robert , Heelis Roderick , Colestock Patrick 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSatellites in the Earth's magnetosphere can be used to record the rich electromagnetic wave activity due to terrestrial lightning, typically up to several tens of kilohertz. With simultaneous recordings of the three components of wave electric field E and of the three components of wave magnetic field B, the entire wavefield, polarization, and wave vector can be specified without any appeal to a priori assumptions about the wave mode and without any reliance on the validity of a dispersion relation. However, some satellites lack such a complete suite of measurements. We develop a method which assumes the theoretical dispersion relation for whistler waves then uses recordings of the three components of wave electric field E but no magnetic components to derive the wave polarization and the wave vector (up to a sign ambiguity on the latter). The method can work only because the dispersion relation, which is assumed, already contains information from the full Maxwell's equations. We illustrate the method with 12 s duration simultaneous recordings, at 32 kilosample/s, of three orthogonal components of wave electric field E from the C/NOFS satellite in low‐Earth orbit. Our particular example in this article is shown to contain two broadband whistler features in the range of 4–15 kHz, whose wave vectors differ both according to their polar angles from the geomagnetic field B0 and according to their azimuth around the geomagnetic field B0.
Integrated Theories of Crime
Authors: Krohn Marvin D. , Eassey John M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Theoretical integration is the process of joining ideas from two or more criminological theories into a single theoretical statement, often to provide a more complete and accurate explanation of crime or delinquent behavior. There are number of ways in which theories may be combined, including propositional integration, up‐and‐down integration, side‐by‐side integration, end‐to‐end integration, and conceptual integration. While some scholars posit that integration is a viable means to develop better explanations of crime or delinquent behavior, others believe that theories need to compete against each other in order to advance. In addition to discussing the merits and criticisms of theoretical integration, this entry also examines the historical context of theoretical integration, the issues that need to be considered before attempting to combine theories, and the different approaches to integration with examples of each.
Environmental Justice
Authors: Burns Ronald G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEnvironmental justice involves consideration of the disproportionate siting of environmental harms that have negatively impacted minority and lower‐income areas. It also includes consideration of responses to the siting and the effects of such harms. Research in the area suggests that less powerful groups in society have disproportionately been impacted by environmental harms for various reasons. Reactions to concerns for environmental justice stem from a wide array of groups and individuals who have sought to ensure that no groups are disproportionately affected.
Farrington, David P.
Authors: Hawkins Paul , Kim Bitna 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
David P. Farrington is considered one of the leading psychologists and main contributors to the field of criminology in recent years. He has spent much of his time contributing to the field of criminology while teaching and researching at the University of Cambridge. Farrington has been involved with and held many notable membership and leadership positions within criminological organizations. His research interest has focused particularly on the development of criminal careers throughout the lifecycle using longitudinal studies. In addition, Farrington's main research areas include evidence‐based crime prevention and evaluations of interventions.
Deviance
Authors: Meier Robert F. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe concept of deviance is critical to understanding human conduct. Deviance is defined as behavior that violates a norm beyond the tolerance of a group such that a sanction could be applied to the violator. While there are some scholars who define deviance in terms of societal reaction to behavior, it is possible that the normative and reactivist definitions are essentially different aspects of the same understanding. Deviance appears to stem from human differentiation and is related to the sociological notion of stratification.
Routine Activity Theory
Authors: Miró Fernando 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

The routine activity theory by Cohen and Felson posits that changes in the structure of the patterns of daily activity could explain the rise in crime that occurred following World War
II
. This approach assumes that, for a crime to occur, three necessary elements must converge in time and space: likely offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardians. This theory remains one of the leading theoretical approaches in criminology and has garnered significant scientific support.
Pillar[n]arenes—a Novel, Highly Promising Class of Macrocyclic Host Molecules
Authors: Cao Derong , Meier Herbert 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSince 2008 a new field of supramolecular chemistry has developed rapidly: the chemistry of pillar[n]arenes. These “younger brothers and sisters” of calixarenes are conveniently accessible and extremely guest‐friendly. Guests from many different classes of organic compounds are welcome. Nevertheless, a high selectivity for the threading of guest molecules in the macrocyclic cavities can be achieved. The complex stability is characterized by association constants Ka between 10 and 1×108 M−1. The rate constants of the threading vary over several orders of magnitude. The focus of this article lies on the preparation (sections 2 and 3) and the structures (section 4) of pillar[n]arenes (n=5–10) in solution and in the solid state. A further important point concerns the complexation and its selectivity (section 5). Only some new or outstanding examples are discussed in section 6 on self‐assembly and aggregation.
An Off‐Pathway Folding Intermediate of an Acyl Carrier Protein Domain Coexists with the Folded and Unfolded States under Native Conditions
Authors: Lim Jackwee , Xiao Tianshu , Fan Jingsong , Yang Daiwen 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA protein can exist in multiple states under native conditions and those states with low populations are often critical to biological function and self‐assembly. To investigate the role of the minor states of an acyl carrier protein, NMR techniques were applied to determine the number of minor states and characterize their structures and kinetics. The acyl carrier protein from Micromonospora echinospora was found to exist in one major folded state (95.2 %), one unfolded state (4.1 %), and one intermediate state (0.7 %) under native conditions. The three states are in dynamic equilibrium and the intermediate state very likely adopts a native‐like structure and is an off‐pathway folding product. The intermediate state may mediate the formation of oligomers in vitro and play an important role in the recognition of partner enzymes in vivo.
An Enantioselective Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Imino Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Eschenbrenner‐Lux Vincent , Küchler Philipp , Ziegler Slava , Kumar Kamal , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe imino Diels–Alder reaction is an efficient method for the synthesis of aza‐heterocycles. While different stereo‐ and enantioselective inverse‐electron‐demand imino Diels–Alder (IEDIDA) reactions have been reported before, IEDIDA reactions including electron‐deficient dienes are unprecedented. The first enantioselective IEDIDA reaction between electron‐poor chromone dienes and cyclic imines, catalyzed by zinc/binol complexes is described. The novel reaction provides a facile entry to a natural product inspired collection of ring‐fused quinolizines including a potent modulator of mitosis.
Irreversible Site‐Specific Hydrazinolysis of Proteins by Use of Sortase
Authors: Li Yi‐Ming , Li Yi‐Tong , Pan Man , Kong Xiu‐Qi , Huang Yi‐Chao , Hong Zhang‐Yong , Liu Lei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSortase‐mediated hydrazinolysis of proteins with hydrazine or its derivatives was developed for the production of recombinant protein hydrazides. This process provides an alternative approach for protein semisynthesis through the use of recombinant protein hydrazides as thioester surrogates. It also provides an alternative method for C‐terminal modification of proteins with functional units as well as for the preparation of C‐to‐C fusion proteins.
Effects of a titanate coupling agent on the mechanical and thermo‐physical properties of talc‐reinforced polyethylene compounds
Authors: Mehrjerdi Adib Kalantar , Mengistu Bemnet Abebe , Åkesson Dan , Skrifvars Mikael 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTAn experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of a titanate coupling agent on the mechanical properties, moisture absorption, and thermal conductivity of talc‐filled high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). Talc (0–35 wt %) was used as reinforcement particulate filler in an HDPE matrix and samples were prepared in a micro‐compounder and an injection molding machine. Isopropyl tri(dioctyl)phosphate titanate (0.5 wt %) was used as coupling agent. Composites with and without coupling agent were evaluated for changes in mechanical and thermo‐physical properties, morphology, and void content. Addition of the titanate coupling agent most often resulted in an increase in stiffness and tensile strength. Furthermore, both the void content and the elongation at break of composites were reduced. Results also showed that the coupling agent had no effects on the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat capacity of the composites. In addition, it was observed that the coupling agent was more effective at low concentrations of filler. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40449.
Geophysical Survey at Ohio Earthworks: updating Nineteenth Century Maps and Filling the ‘Empty’ Spaces
Authors: Burks Jarrod 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe state of Ohio is rich in monumental architecture, from small, geometric ditch‐and‐embankment earthworks to wooden henge‐like enclosures and massive complexes consisting of miles of earthen embankments. Until recently, scholars have relied primarily upon nineteenth century maps and mound excavations for use in a range of research programmes related to the earthworks. However, large‐scale geophysical surveys are showing that most of the nineteenth century maps are inaccurate in a variety of ways. To many earthwork scholars perhaps most surprising are the new enclosures and other features appearing between the mounds in the geophysical data. This article explores the geophysical survey results from three sites in southern Ohio: Steel Group, Snake Den Group and Fort Ancient. A selection of magnetic gradient, electrical resistance and ground‐penetrating radar data are presented. The three sites examined represent a range of different earthwork site types, including floodplain enclosures, a large hilltop enclosure and hilltop mound clusters. The surveys from these sites also highlight the kinds of previously undocumented features that can be found during geophysical surveys at Ohio earthwork sites, including henge‐type wooden enclosures, ditch‐and‐embankment enclosures and pit‐type features. These results suggest that other Ohio earthwork sites, and earthwork sites in surrounding states, are probably more complex than previously thought. Although archaeologists have in the past 100 years attempted to look beyond the burial mounds for evidence of what these monumental sites were used for, the large size of the spaces between the mounds and enclosures has made it difficult to locate additional evidence. As in other regions of the world, geophysical survey in the Ohio valley is allowing archaeologists to create more detailed and accurate maps of monumental architecture sites, as well as to locate some of the smaller and more subtle features between the monumental constructions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.