bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The paradox of diarrhoeal disease and small colon obstruction
Authors: Blikslager A. T. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe interesting finding of stenosis in a case series of 3 foals that initially presented with diarrhoeal disease is suggestive of an inflammatory and fibrotic event that is more frequently reported in people with inflammatory bowel disease. In man, stenosis is believed to occur because of inflammation and excessive production of scar tissue in the absence of a normal reparative response. However, this is typically a chronic process, whereas in the foals, stenosis occurred within weeks to months. Other diseases of horses, particularly right dorsal colitis and small colon impaction preceded by diarrhoeal disease, have some similarities to the focal disease described for foals. Collectively, equine studies are increasingly pointing toward complex interactions in the intestinal tract between the mucosa, the microbiome, management factors such as diet, and reparative responses to inflammatory insult.
National needs assessment of patients treated at the United States Federally‐Funded Hemophilia Treatment Centers
Authors: Butler R. B. , Cheadle A. , Aschman D. J. , Riske B. , Senter S. , McLaughlin K. M. , Young G. , Ahuja S. , Forsberg A. D. 
Published: October 2015

AimThe National Hemophilia Program Coordinating Center, with the U.S. Regional Hemophilia Network conducted a national needs assessment of U.S. Hemophilia Treatment Center (HTC) patients. The objectives were to determine: (i) To what extent do patients report that they receive needed services and education; (ii) How well do the services provided meet their needs; and (iii) What are the patients’ perspectives about their care.MethodsA survey was mailed to active patients of 129 HTCs. Respondents completed the anonymous surveys on line or returned them by mail. Questions focused on management and information, access and barriers to care, coping, resources, and transition.ResultsOf 24 308 questionnaires mailed, 4004 (16.5%) were returned. Most respondents reported very few gaps in needed services or information and reported that services and information met their needs. Over 90% agreed or strongly agreed that care was patient‐centred and rated HTC care as important or very important. Identified gaps included dietary advice, genetic testing, information on ageing, sexual health and basic needs resources. Minority respondents reported more barriers.ConclusionThis survey is the largest assessment of the HTC population. Respondents reported that the services and information provided by the HTCs met their needs. Quality improvement opportunities include transition and services related to ageing and sexual health. Further investigation of barriers to care for minorities is underway. Results will help develop national priorities to better serve all patients in the US. HTCs.
Grape juice concentrate (G8000®) intake mitigates testicular morphological and ultrastructural damage following cadmium intoxication
Authors: Lamas Celina A. , Gollücke Andrea P.B. , Dolder Heidi 
Published: October 2015

SummaryCadmium is a well‐known testicular toxicant, and parts of the world population are exposed chronically by inhalation or by food and water intake. Grape products have been highlighted as important sources of bioactive compounds, having anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant and metal chelating properties. Since maintenance of tissue morphology is essential for testicular sperm development and hence male fertility, we analysed the protective effect of grape juice concentrate (GJC) (G8000®) consumption on testicular morphology in rats exposed to cadmium. Thus, four groups of male Wistar rats (n = 6 per group), 50 days old, ingested either water or G8000® (2 g/kg/day) until they had completed one spermatogenic cycle in adult life (136 days old). Cadmium (1.2 mg / kg) was injected intraperitoneally when the animals were 80 days old into one of the water and one of the G8000 groups; intraperitoneal saline was used as a control in the other two groups. Animals anaesthetised and exsanguinated at 136 days and then perfused with Karnovsky's fixative and then the testes were collected for morphological analysis. We describe evident disruption of testicular morphology by cadmium, with alteration in tissue component proportions, reduced Leydig cells volume and initial signs of an inflammatory process. Ultrastructural analysis showed greater damage, suggesting spermatogenesis disruption. G8000® ingestion allowed tissue architecture to be re‐established, as was corroborated by our stereological and morphometric findings. Animals from the group where G8000® had been administered together with cadmium revealed a significant reduction in macrophages and blood vessel volume, suggesting diminished inflammation, when compared to animals that received only cadmium. Moreover, smaller number of ultrastructural alterations was noted, revealing fewer areas of degeneration and disorganized interstitium. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that GJC consumption prevented the spermatogenic disruption promoted by cadmium, and thus could be a promising form of therapy against male infertility.
Altered expression of CKs 14/20 is an early event in a rat model of multistep bladder carcinogenesis
Authors: Gil da Costa Rui M. , Oliveira Paula A. , Vasconcelos‐Nóbrega Carmen , Arantes‐Rodrigues Regina , Pinto‐Leite Rosário , Colaço Aura A. , de la Cruz Luis F. , Lopes Carlos 
Published: October 2015

SummaryCytokeratins (CKs) 14 and 20 are promising markers for diagnosing urothelial lesions and for studying their prognosis and histogenesis. This work aimed to study the immunohistochemical staining patterns of CK14/20 during multistep carcinogenesis leading to papillary bladder cancer in a rat model. Thirty female Fischer 344 rats were divided into three groups: group 1 (control); group 2, which received N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) for 20 weeks plus 1 week without treatment; and group 3, which received BBN for 20 weeks plus 8 weeks without treatment. Bladder lesions were classified histologically. CK14 and CK20 immunostaining was assessed according to its distribution and intensity. In control animals, 0–25% of basal cells and umbrella cells stained positive for CK14 and CK20 respectively. On groups 2 and 3, nodular hyperplastic lesions showed normal CK20 and moderately increased CK14 staining (26–50% of cells). Dysplasia, squamous metaplasia, papilloma, papillary tumours of low malignant potential and low‐ and high‐grade papillary carcinomas showed increased CK14 and CK20 immunostaining in all epithelial layers. Altered CK14 and CK20 expression is an early event in urothelial carcinogenesis and is present in a wide spectrum of urothelial superficial neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions.
Perception of risk for older people living with a mental illness: Balancing uncertainty
Authors: Clancy Leonie , Happell Brenda , Moxham Lorna 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRisk is commonly defined as a negative threat which needs to be controlled and mitigated; as a concept, it takes high priority in contemporary mental health services. Health‐care organizations and clinicians are now required to use levels of risk as a benchmark for clinical decision‐making. However, perceptions of risk change according to the lens through which it is viewed. A qualitative, exploratory research study was undertaken in an aged persons’ mental health programme in Victoria, Australia, to explore the notion of risk from the multiple perspectives of service providers and consumers. Data were obtained through in‐depth interviews, and analysis was based on the framework of Ritchie and Spencer. Balancing uncertainty emerged as a major theme, and comprised two subthemes: (i) complexity of risk from the perspective of providers of services; and (ii) complexity of safety from the perspectives of recipients of services. These differences emphasize a significant disjuncture between perceptions of risk and the potential for the individual needs and concerns of consumers to be subsumed under broader organizational issues. The uncertainty this tension highlights suggests the need to reconceptualize risk, incorporating the views and experiences of all stakeholders, particularly consumers and carers, to enhance recovery‐oriented services and facilitate consumer participation within mental health services.
Costly Self‐Insurance of Rights Offerings
Authors: Duong Truong X. , Singh Rajdeep , Tan Eng‐Joo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe study how the underwriting decision of an equity rights offering is affected by the risk of offering failure. Firms can reduce failure risk by getting underwriting or by self‐insuring through subscription price discounts and subscription precommitments. Self‐insurance is generally regarded to be relatively costless, but we provide evidence from Singapore that is consistent with the existence of implicit costs. In particular, the existence of self‐insurance costs implies that firms with better projects will have larger discounts and that firms with higher ownership concentration will have more precommitments. Hence, our results support costly self‐insurance against issue failure as a factor in explaining the rights issue paradox.
Impact of Periprocedural Colchicine on Postprocedural Management in Patients Undergoing a Left Atrial Appendage Ligation Using LARIAT
Authors: GUNDA SAMPATH , REDDY MADHU , NATH JAYANT , NAGARAJ HOSAKOTE , ATOUI MOUSTAPHA , RASEKH ABDI , ELLIS CHRISTOPHER R. , BADHWAR NITISH , LEE RANDALL J. , DI BIASE LUIGI , MANSOUR MOUSSA , RUSKIN JEREMY N. , NATALE ANDREA , EARNEST MATTHEW , LAKKIREDDY DHANUNJAYA R. 
Published: October 2015

Periprocedural Colchicine for Epicardial Access ProceduresIntroductionLeft atrial appendage (LAA) can be effectively and safely excluded using a novel percutaneous LARIAT ligation system. However, due to pericardial catheter manipulation and LAA ligation and subsequent necrosis, postprocedural course is complicated by pericarditis. We intended to evaluate the preprocedural use of colchicine on the incidence of postprocedural pericardial complications.Methods and ResultsIn this multicenter observational study, we included all consecutive patients who underwent LARIAT procedure at the participating centers. Many patients received periprocedural colchicine at the discretion of the physician. We compared the postprocedural outcomes of patients who received prophylactic periprocedural colchicine (colchicine group) with those who did not receive colchicine (standard group). A total of 344 consecutive patients, 243 in the “colchicine group” and 101 in the “standard group,” were included. The mean age, median CHADS2VASc score, and HASBLED scores were 70 ± 11 years, 3 ± 1.7, and 3 ± 1.1, respectively. There were no significant differences in major baseline characteristics between the two groups. Severe pericarditis was significantly lower in the “colchicine group” compared to the “standard group” (10 [4%] vs. 16 [16%] P<0.0001). The colchicine group, compared to the standard group, had lesser pericardial drain output (186 ± 84 mL vs. 351 ± 83, P<0.001), shorter pericardial drain duration (16 ± 4 vs. 23 ± 19 hours, P<0.04), and similar incidence of delayed pericardial effusion (4 [1.6%] to 3 [3%], P = 0.42) when compared to the standard group.ConclusionUse of colchicine periprocedurally was associated with significant reduction in postprocedural pericarditis and associated complications.
Mas receptor mediates cardioprotection of angiotensin‐(1‐7) against Angiotensin II‐induced cardiomyocyte autophagy and cardiac remodelling through inhibition of oxidative stress
Authors: Lin Li , Liu Xuebo , Xu Jianfeng , Weng Liqing , Ren Jun , Ge Junbo , Zou Yunzeng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAngiotensin II (Ang II) plays an important role in the onset and development of cardiac remodelling associated with changes of autophagy. Angiotensin1‐7 [Ang‐(1‐7)] is a newly established bioactive peptide of renin–angiotensin system, which has been shown to counteract the deleterious effects of Ang II. However, the precise impact of Ang‐(1‐7) on Ang II‐induced cardiomyocyte autophagy remained essentially elusive. The aim of the present study was to examine if Ang‐(1‐7) inhibits Ang II‐induced autophagy and the underlying mechanism involved. Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to Ang II for 48 hrs while mice were infused with Ang II for 4 weeks to induce models of cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. LC3b‐II and p62, markers of autophagy, expression were significantly elevated in cardiomyocytes, suggesting the presence of autophagy accompanying cardiac hypertrophy in response to Ang II treatment. Besides, Ang II induced oxidative stress, manifesting as an increase in malondialdehyde production and a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity. Ang‐(1‐7) significantly retarded hypertrophy, autophagy and oxidative stress in the heart. Furthermore, a role of Mas receptor in Ang‐(1‐7)‐mediated action was assessed using A779 peptide, a selective Mas receptor antagonist. The beneficial responses of Ang‐(1‐7) on cardiac remodelling, autophagy and oxidative stress were mitigated by A779. Taken together, these result indicated that Mas receptor mediates cardioprotection of angiotensin‐(1‐7) against Ang II‐induced cardiomyocyte autophagy and cardiac remodelling through inhibition of oxidative stress.
Prospective comparison of three risk scoring systems in non‐variceal and variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Thanapirom Kessarin , Ridtitid Wiriyaporn , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Thungsuk Rattikorn , Noophun Phadet , Wongjitrat Chatchawan , Luangjaru Somchai , Vedkijkul Padet , Lertkupinit Comson , Poonsab Swangphong , Ratanachu‐ek Thawee , Hansomburana Piyathida , Pornthisarn Bubpha , Thongbai Thirada , Mahachai Varocha , Treeprasertsuk Sombat 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:Data regarding the efficacy of the Glasgow Blatchford score (GBS), full Rockall score (FRS) and pre‐endoscopic Rockall scores (PRS) in comparing non‐variceal and variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) are limited. Our aim was to determine the performance of these three risk scores in predicting the need for treatment, mortality, and re‐bleeding among patients with non‐variceal and variceal UGIB.Methods:During January, 2010 and September, 2011, patients with UGIB from 11 hospitals were prospectively enrolled. The GBS, FRS, and PRS were calculated. Discriminative ability for each score was assessed using the receiver operated characteristics curve (ROC) analysis.Results:A total of 981 patients presented with acute UGIB, 225 patients (22.9%) had variceal UGIB. The areas under the ROC (AUC) of the GBS, FRS, and PRS for predicting the need for treatment were 0.77, 0.69, and 0.61 in non‐variceal versus 0.66, 0.66, and 0.59 in variceal UGIB. The AUC for predicting mortality and re‐bleeding during admission were 0.66, 0.80, and 0.76 in non‐variceal versus 0.63, 0.57, and 0.63 in variceal UGIB. AUC score was not statistically significant for predicting need for therapy and clinical outcome in variceal UGIB. The GBS ≤ 2 and FRS ≤ 1 identified low‐risk non‐variceal UGIB patients for death and re‐bleeding during hospitalization.Conclusion:In contrast to non‐variceal UGIB, the GBS, FRS, and PRS were not precise scores for assessing the need for therapy, mortality, and re‐bleeding during admission in variceal UGIB.
Partial and No Recovery from Delirium in Older Hospitalized Adults: Frequency and Baseline Risk Factors
Authors: Cole Martin G. , Bailey Robert , Bonnycastle Michael , McCusker Jane , Fung Shek , Ciampi Antonio , Belzile Eric , Bai Chun 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo determine the frequency and baseline risk factors for partial and no recovery from delirium in older hospitalized adults.DesignCohort study with assessment of recovery status approximately 1 and 3 months after enrollment.SettingUniversity‐affiliated, primary, acute‐care hospital.ParticipantsMedical or surgical inpatients aged 65 and older with delirium (N = 278).MeasurementsThe Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), Delirium Index (DI), and activities of daily living (ADLs) were completed at enrollment and each follow‐up. Primary outcome categories were full recovery (absence of CAM core symptoms of delirium), partial recovery (presence of ≥1 CAM core symptoms but not meeting criteria for delirium), no recovery (met CAM criteria for delirium), or death. Secondary outcomes were changes in MMSE, DI, and ADL scores between the baseline and last assessment. Potential risk factors included many clinical and laboratory variables.ResultsIn participants with dementia, frequencies of full, partial, and no recovery and death at first follow‐up were 6.3%, 11.3%, 74.6%, and 7.7%, respectively; in participants without dementia, frequencies were 14.3%, 17%, 50.9%, and 17.9%, respectively. In participants with dementia, frequencies at the second follow‐up were 7.9%, 15.1%, 57.6%, and 19.4%, respectively; in participants without dementia, frequencies were 19.2%, 20.2%, 31.7%, and 28.8%, respectively. Frequencies were similar in participants with prevalent and incident delirium and in medical and surgical participants. The DI, MMSE, and ADL scores of many participants with partial and no recovery improved. Independent baseline risk factors for delirium persistence were chart diagnosis of dementia (odds ratio (OR) = 2.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.38, 4.56), presence of any malignancy (OR = 5.79, 95% CI = 1.51, 22.19), and greater severity of delirium (OR =9.39, 95% CI = 3.95, 22.35).ConclusionDelirium in many older hospitalized adults appears to be much more protracted than previously thought, especially in those with dementia, although delirium symptoms, cognition, and function improved in many participants with partial and no recovery. It may be important to monitor the longer‐term course of delirium in older hospitalized adults and develop strategies to ensure full recovery.
From filaments to function: The role of the plant actin cytoskeleton in pathogen perception, signaling and immunity
Authors: Porter Katie , Day Brad 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton is required for numerous cellular processes, including cell shape, development and movement, gene expression and signal transduction, and response to biotic and abiotic stress. In recent years, research in both plants and animal systems have described a function for actin as the ideal surveillance platform, linking the function and activity of primary physiological processes to the immune system. In this review, we will highlight recent advances that have defined the regulation and breadth of function of the actin cytoskeleton as a network required for defense signaling following pathogen infection. Coupled with an overview of recent work demonstrating specific targeting of the plant actin cytoskeleton by a diversity of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses, we will highlight the importance of actin as a key signaling hub in plants, one that mediates surveillance of cellular homeostasis and the activation of specific signaling responses following pathogen perception. Based on the studies highlighted herein, we propose a working model that posits changes in actin filament organization is in and of itself a highly specific signal, which induces, regulates and physically directs stimulus‐specific signaling processes, most importantly, those associated with response to pathogens.
Service user involvement in preregistration general nurse education: a systematic review
Authors: Scammell Janet , Heaslip Vanessa , Crowley Emma 
Published: October 2015

Aims and objectivesA systematic review of published studies on service user involvement in undergraduate, preregistration general nursing education (excluding mental health‐specific programmes). The objective is to examine how students are exposed to engagement with service users.BackgroundThe requirement of service user involvement in all nurse education is policy expectation of health professional education providers, in response to the increased public and political expectations. Previous literature reviews have focused solely on mental health.DesignSystematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines; timeframe 1997–2014; published in English.MethodsSearch of CINAHL, Cochrane Review, Education Research Complete, Internurse, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Scopus, SocINDEX and Web of Science yielded 229 citations; 11 studies met the review eligibility criteria.ResultsSeven studies used qualitative methodology, two quantitative and two mixed methods. Studies from the United Kingdom dominated (n = 9), the remainder from South Africa and Turkey. The results are described using four themes: benefits and limitations of service user involvement; nursing student selection; education delivery; practice‐based learning and assessment. Most studies were small scale; nine had less than 30 participants. Overall the evidence suggests that student, lecturers and service users valued service user involvement in nurse education, to provide an authentic insight into the illness experience. Logistical considerations around support and student cohort size emerged.ConclusionsThis is the first systematic review to focus on service user involvement in general nurse education. It reveals that service user involvement commenced later and is more limited in general programmes as compared to equivalent mental health education provision. Most of the evidence focuses on perceptions of the value of involvement. Further research is required to more clearly establish impact on learning and clinical practice.Relevance to clinical practiceService user involvement in nurse education is valued by stakeholders but preparation and support for those involved, including mentors is underestimated.
Bacillus subtilis QST 713 Confers Protection to Tomato Plants Against Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato and Induces Plant Defence‐related Genes
Authors: Fousia Sotiria , Paplomatas Epaminondas J. , Tjamos Sotirios E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBacterial speck, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), is an economically important disease of tomato, resulting in yield loss of marketable fruit. Management of bacterial speck is a challenge in commercial production fields due to the limited efficacy of current disease management strategies, as the pathogen acquires resistance to antibiotics and fixed copper bactericides and host resistance has not proven durable. Therefore, it is essential to develop alternative disease management strategies, like biological control. In this study, the efficacy of the commercially available biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis QST 713 along with copper hydroxide was tested against Pst under greenhouse conditions. QST 713 reduced significantly disease severity and incidence compared to control and the copper hydroxide treatment; subsequently, the Pst population was lower in the QST 713‐treated plants compared to control. In parallel, QST 713 and copper hydroxide increased plant height compared to control and mock plants. Furthermore, the quantitative PCR analysis of PR1a, PR1b and Pin2 expression suggests a positive role for Pin2 in the plant protective activity of QST 713, as Pin2 expression was significantly higher in the QST 713‐treated plants challenged with Pst compared to the control Pst‐inoculated plants.