bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐cultural impression management: a cultural knowledge audit model
Authors: Spong Abigail , Kamau Caroline 
Published: August 2012

PurposeMany people moving into a new culture for work or study do so without prior cross‐cultural training, yet successful cultural adaptation has important ramifications. The purpose of this paper is to focus on cross‐cultural impression management as an element of cultural adaptation. Does cultural adaptation begin by paying strong attention to nonverbal cues in a host culture? How is that attention converted into knowledge, and how do people use such knowledge management during impression management within the new culture?Design/methodology/approachThe method was qualitative. In total, ten international students at an English university were recruited. All originated outside the European Union and each took part in a one‐hour structured interview. The transcripts were analysed through thematic analysis.FindingsInternational students adopted cross‐cultural impression management strategies in order to enhance successful adaptation to the new host culture. Students consciously processed knowledge about nonverbal behaviour norms through everyday interactions. They audited knowledge deficits by detecting differences between the host norms and their home culture's norms. The motives for this included desiring to maximise rewards from situations.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings imply that being in a new culture makes people “high self monitors”. They are more aware than usual about their own and others' nonverbal behaviours. The findings tell us about how cultural adaptation begins.Originality/valueThis appears to be the first in‐depth qualitative research examining cross‐cultural impression management by international students and deducing implications for expatriates.
Challenging behaviour: the causes (part II)
Authors: Koritsas Stella , Iacono Teresa 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the dominant approaches used to explain causes of challenging behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is the second in a two‐part series. It presents the causes of challenging behaviour according to the three theoretical approaches that have dominated the literature: applied behaviour analysis; biological factors; and psychiatric disorders.FindingsIt is apparent that the causes of challenging behaviour are likely to be complex and involve multiple factors. The approaches that have dominated the literature focus on single causes and do not explore possible interactions between various causes. Given the shortcomings of existing approaches, a fourth approach, the biopsychosocial model, is proposed as an alternative model to explain the causes of challenging behaviour.Originality/valueThis paper is the most recent of only a few providing an overview of the various approaches that seek to explain the causes of challenging behaviour.
The ward atmosphere scale for psychiatric inpatients with intellectual disability: a pilot study
Authors: Lise Bakken Trine , Ivar Røssberg Jan , Friis Svein 
Published: August 2012

PurposePatients who have intellectual disability and mental illness will occasionally need inpatient treatment. However, research is sparse on psychosocial factors influencing psychiatric units for patients with intellectual disabilities. The aim of this study is to examine whether adults with intellectual disabilities can reliably rate the Ward Atmosphere Scale – Real Ward (WAS‐R).Design/methodology/approachA total of 17 patients with mild and moderate intellectual disability and 21 staff members were asked to complete the WAS‐R. The authors used six subscales (involvement, support, practical orientation, order and organisation, angry and aggressive behaviour, and staff control) that have proved to be of major importance for patient satisfaction and treatment outcome to measure the patients' and the staff members' perceptions of the treatment milieu. To examine the internal consistency Cronbach's alpha was calculated for the patient and staff scores, respectively.FindingsA total of 16 patients completed the form. Patients with mild intellectual disabilities were able to answer the WAS with some help, whereas patients with moderate intellectual disabilities had major difficulties with understanding more than half of the WAS items. These difficulties were also reflected in the internal consistency scores. Cronbach's alpha was satisfactory (≥0.50) for five subscales for patients with mild intellectual disabilities, but only satisfactory for two of the six subscales for patients with moderate intellectual disabilities.Research limitations/implicationsA replication study should use a shorter version of the WAS‐R, and family or caregivers should answer the WAS‐R additionally to the patients.Originality/valueThis study may encourage more research on treatment milieu for patients with intellectual disability and mental illness.
Teaching Cantonese opera in a primary school
Authors: Lung Tang Chiu , Wah Leung Bo 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of learning Cantonese opera using Variation Theory as a guiding principle of pedagogical design.Design/methodology/approachA total of three types of speech in Cantonese opera were identified as the objects of learning in the study: patter speech, poetic speech and supported speech. Two classes of Grade five (N =54) students were arranged into an experimental group and a control group. In the experimental group, the characteristics of the three types of speech were taught using comparison and contrast techniques to help the learners identify and differentiate the characteristics of each type. The control group was taught the three types of speech sequentially without attempting to compare and contrast among the types. Pre‐ and post‐tests were conducted to test the students’ understanding of the objects of learning. An independent samples t‐test and a paired sample t‐test were applied to measure the statistical differences between the groups and the pre‐ and post‐tests, respectively.FindingsThe results indicated that there were no significant differences between the two groups before the treatment (p = .665). However, the experimental group achieved a significantly higher level of learning effectiveness than the control group after teaching (p = .003). The control group did not significantly improve their understanding after learning (p = .061), whereas the experimental group significantly increased their scores (p < .001).Originality/valueThe application of Variation Theory in academic subjects, especially mathematics, has been well explored in the literature. This study shows the application of Variation Theory in the cultural subject of music, and points to the potential of Variation Theory as a guiding principle of music teaching to enhance learning effectiveness.
Heart rate variability in junior high school students with depression and anxiety in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Hsin‐Te , Wan Kong‐Sang 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundThe impact of depression and anxiety on heart rate variability (HRV) is not clear in adolescents. We hypothesised that HRV investigation in adolescents may early prevent the mental diseases occurrence.MethodsThree hundred and thirty‐three seventh grade students participated in this study programme. HRV instrumental analysis and spectral with scale of depression were measured respectively.ResultsIt showed that among the participants, the depression score of female was higher than male. The population with lower depression score present with lower high frequency and higher low frequency/high frequency ratio but not statistically significant. Oppositely, participants with higher depression score were increased with heart rate and present with lower standard deviation of heart rate. However, it is also not statistically significant.ConclusionThis study supported the positive relation between HRV and depression, especially in the female gender. Therefore, HRV in depression may be beneficial in the detection and prevention of mental disorder development, even suicide behaviour in teenagers.
Molecular defects in the factor X gene caused by novel heterozygous mutations IVS5+1G>A and Asp409del
Authors: ZHOU J. W. , LIANG Q. , CHEN Q. , XIE Y. , DING Q. L. , WANG X. F. , XI X. D. , WANG H. L. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryFactor X (FX) deficiency is a rare autosomal‐recessive bleeding disorder caused by diverse mutations in the F10 gene. To investigate the molecular basis of severe FX deficiency in a mildly hemorrhagic patient, variants of the F10 gene were detected by sequencing. A missense mutation was analysed by in vitro expression and modelling analysis, and a splice mutation using ectopic transcript analysis. The levels of activity of FX (FX:C) were <1% in both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway assays and 1.71% in chromogenic assay, the level of FX antigen (FX:Ag) was 53.36% in the proband. Two novel heterozygous mutations (IVS5+1G>A and Asp409del) were identified in the F10 gene. Ectopic transcript expression combined with informative marker (heterozygous Asp409del) analysis of the splice mutation (IVS5+1G>A) revealed and confirmed that the transcript from the mutated allele was absent, likely caused by the nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay pathway. In vitro expression analysis showed that the Asp409del mutant led to a loss of enzymatic activity rather than impaired expression. Molecular modelling analysis confirmed that the Asp409del mutant dramatically altered the conformation of the 185–189 loop and impaired binding of the loop to sodium ions (Na+), diminishing the enzymatic activity of FXa. This is the first report to clarify the molecular mechanisms of two naturally occurring F10 gene variants that cause severe FX deficiency.
Comparison of application times for ice packs used to relieve perineal pain after normal birth: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Oliveira Sonia MJV , Silva Flora MB , Riesco Maria LG , Latorre Maria do Rosario DO , Nobre Moacyr RC 
Published: August 2012

Aims and objectives.  To compare the effect of an ice pack applied for 10, 15 and 20 minutes to relieve perineal pain after birth.Background.  Perineal pain after vaginal birth, with or without vaginal trauma, is one of the most common morbidities reported for postnatal women. Cryotherapy has been used in postpartum period to relieve perineal pain and investigated in several studies. However, cryotherapy treatment protocols in perineal care vary widely regarding temperature, frequency and duration of the application.Design.  A controlled trial, randomised for two groups and with a third group as a historical control.Method.  The intervention was carried out in a maternity hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. The study population consisted of three groups of 38 women who used an ice pack on the perineum, in a single application: group A‐10 minutes; group B‐15 minutes; group C‐20 minutes (historical control from another clinical trial). Participants’ perineal pain magnitude was evaluated through a numerical scale (0–10), at four different points: before the cryotherapy; immediately after and at 20 and 40 minutes after cryotherapy.Results.  After application of the ice pack, there was no statistical difference when comparing the perineal pain among groups in the second, third and fourth evaluations. Most of the postnatal women reported pain relief, with 72·8% reporting a decrease in pain >50%; 21·9% reported a decrease between 30–50%. All postnatal women subjected to cryotherapy were favourable to the procedure.Conclusion.  There is no difference in pain scores following ice pack application in three different times (10, 15 and 20 minutes) in women who report moderate or intense perineal pain after normal delivery.Relevance for clinical practice.  Ice treatment is safe, and application times of 10 or 15 minutes are as beneficial as an application time of 20 minutes to relieve perineal pain.
Genomic signatures of divergent selection and speciation patterns in a ‘natural experiment’, the young parallel radiations ofNicaraguan crater lake cichlid fishes
Authors: Kautt Andreas F. , Elmer Kathryn R. , Meyer Axel 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDivergent selection is the main driving force in sympatric ecological speciation and may also play a strong role in divergence between allopatric populations. Characterizing the genome‐wide impact of divergent selection often constitutes a first step in unravelling the genetic bases underlying adaptation and ecological speciation. TheMidas cichlid fish (Amphilophus citrinellus) species complex inNicaragua is a powerful system for studying evolutionary processes. Independent colonizations of isolated young crater lakes byMidas cichlid populations from the older and great lakes ofNicaragua resulted in the repeated evolution of adaptive radiations by intralacustrine sympatric speciation. In this study we performed genome scans on two repeated radiations of crater lake species and their great lake source populations (1030 polymorphicAFLPs,n ∼ 30 individuals per species). We detected regions under divergent selection (0.3% in the crater lakeXiloá flock and 1.7% in the older crater lakeApoyo radiation) that might be responsible for the sympatric diversifications. We find no evidence that the same genomic regions have been involved in the repeated evolution of parallel adaptations across crater lake flocks. However, there is some genetic parallelism apparent (seven out of 51 crater lake to great lake outlier loci are shared; 13.7%) that is associated with the allopatric divergence of both crater lake flocks. Interestingly, our results suggest that the number of outlier loci involved in sympatric and allopatric divergence increases over time. A phylogeny based on theAFLPdata clearly supports the monophyly of both crater lake species flocks and indicates a parallel branching order with a primary split along the limnetic‐benthic axis in both radiations.
HLA‐matched family hematopoetic stem cell transplantation in children with beta thalassemia major: The experience of the Turkish Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Group
Authors: Yesilipek M. Akif , Ertem Mehmet , Cetin Mualla , Öniz Haldun , Kansoy Savas , Tanyeli Atila , Anak Sema , Kurekci Emin , Hazar Volkan 
Published: August 2012

Yesilipek MA, Ertem M, Cetin M, Öniz H, Kansoy S, Tanyeli A, Anak S, Kurekci E, Hazar V. HLA‐matched family hematopoetic stem cell transplantation in children with beta thalassemia major: The experience of the Turkish Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Group.Abstract:  From January 1991 to June 2009, 245 children with beta thalassemia major who underwent their first allogeneic HSCT in Turkey and who were followed for a minimum of one yr post‐transplantation were enrolled this study. The median age of the patients was 6.6 yr old (range, 1–22 yr). The distribution of Pesaro risk class I, II, and III categories was 41, 130, and 63 children, respectively. The median serum ferritin level was 2203 ng/mL. Eighty‐eight patients received bone marrow (BM) stem cells; 137, peripheral blood (PB) stem cells; and 20, cord blood (CB) stem cells. The donors were HLA‐matched siblings or parents. Median engraftment times were shorter in PBSCT patients compared with the BMT group (p < 0.001). Grade II‐IV acute GvHD was observed in 33 children (13.5%), while cGvHD was observed in 28 patients (12.5%), eight of whom had the extensive form. Thalassemic reconstitution was observed in 43 (17%) of the transplant patients. Post‐transplant aplasia occurred in three patients, and the TRM rate was 7.75%. Seventeen patients were lost after 100 days. The thalassemia‐free survival and OS rates were 68% (95% CI, 61.8–74.2) and 85.0% (95% CI, 80.2–89.8), respectively. We believe that this study is important because it is the first multicenter national data for children with beta thalassemia major receiving HSCT.
How many times can parvovirus B19‐related anemia recur in solid organ transplant recipients?
Authors: Gosset C. , Viglietti D. , Hue K. , Antoine C. , Glotz D. , Pillebout E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractParvovirus B19 (PB19) infection is known to cause acute erythroblastopenia‐mediated anemia in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) and the decrease of immunosuppression level are supposed to induce a long‐term remission, although no consensus exists about the dose and the schedule of IVIg administrations. However, a few reports have shown that PB19‐related anemia can recur despite this treatment, with a maximum of 3 recurrences reported. In this report, we describe in detail the cases of 2 kidney recipients with PB19 infection. They experienced, respectively, 9 and 7 PB19‐related anemia recurrences. Immunosuppression level was decreased and IVIg were administered at each recurrence followed by a transitory normalization of hemoglobin level and a decrease of serum PB19 viral load. Episodes were separated by several months. These patients raise an original therapeutic management question about a frequent viral infection in SOT recipients. One patient is currently receiving IVIg every 3 months as a secondary prophylaxis without recurrence to date. These 2 case reports are followed by a review of the literature.
Diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography in the detection of left atrial/left atrial appendage thrombus: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Ning Z. , Min Z.‐G. , Jiang H.‐X. , Hu B.‐L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe current results on the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the detection of left atrial/left atrial appendage (LA/LAA) thrombus are conflicting.AimThe aim of the present study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in LA/LAA thrombus with meta‐analysis.MethodsWe searched for studies in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library prior to May 2012 evaluating the accuracy of MDCT in detecting LA/LAA thrombus. Primary results were summarised using a random‐effects model or a fixed‐effects model. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to summarise overall diagnosis accuracy. Metaregression and subgroup analysis were used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 10 studies with 1313 subjects was included in this meta‐analysis. The summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and the area under cure of overall analysis were 0.84, 0.93, 9.32, 0.21, 50.84 and 0.951, respectively, but all with significant heterogeneity (P < 0.01). Meta‐regression and subgroup analysis showed that using electrocardiogram (ECG)‐gating technique was a source of heterogeneity (P = 0.022); studies using ECG‐gating technique had a higher summary sensitivity than studies with non‐gating technique (0.97 vs 0.33).ConclusionOur results suggest that MDCT is a potentially useful technique in the diagnosis of LA/LAA thrombus, especially when ECG gating is applied.
Screening and management of renal disease in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients in Australia
Authors: Gracey D. , Chan D. , Bailey M. , Richards D. , Dalton B. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundRenal disease has become one of the most important comorbidities observed in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patient cohort. Data are lacking on the current screening and management of renal disease in patients with HIV. We evaluated HIV‐infected Australian adults in primary care to determine current practices.MethodsThis prospective, multicentre observational study included two rounds of data collection; the first was followed by an educational programme. Outcomes included screening for renal disease; management of risk factors for kidney disease and other comorbidities associated with renal disease.ResultsFifty‐three general practitioners participated with 733 patients enrolled. Most were male (94%); almost 40% were 41–50 years of age, and 6% and 84% were receiving antiretroviral therapy. Comorbidities were common; 19% had hypertension, 5% were diabetic, 32% were dyslipidaemic, and 40% were smokers. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was commonly measured in both rounds of data collection (96% vs 95%). Proteinuria was assessed less frequently; this improved after education (48% vs 71%). Almost 10% of patients tested had proteinuria on urinalysis. Of the 45 patients (6%) with renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min), none was referred for assessment by a renal specialist.ConclusionsThis large observational study provides important information on renal disease in HIV‐infected patients, an area with a paucity of clinical data. Current screening and management practices fall short of suggested guidelines. Failure to refer patients to specialists is a major deficiency. Improvements with education suggest the need to promote awareness of guidelines in primary care doctors.
In‐plane and out‐of‐plane constraint parameters along a three‐dimensional crack‐front stress field under creep loading
Authors: MATVIENKO Y. G. , SHLYANNIKOV V. N. , BOYCHENKO N. V. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTFull‐field three‐dimensional (3D) numerical analyses was performed to determine in‐plane and out‐of‐plane constraint effect on crack‐front stress fields under creep conditions of finite thickness boundary layer models and different specimen geometries. Several parameters are used to characterize constraint effects including the non‐singular T‐stresses, the local triaxiality parameter, the Tz‐factor of the stress‐state in a 3D cracked body and the second‐order‐term amplitude factor. The constraint parameters are determined for centre‐cracked plate, three‐point bend specimen and compact tension specimen. Discrepancies in constraint parameter distribution on the line of crack extension and along crack front depending on the thickness of the specimens have been observed under different loading conditions of creeping power law hardening material for various configurations of specimens.
Species dynamics alter community diversity–biomass stability relationships
Authors: Fowler Mike S. , Laakso Jouni , Kaitala Veijo , Ruokolainen Lasse , Ranta Esa 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe relationship between community diversity and biomass variability remains a crucial ecological topic, with positive, negative and neutral diversity–stability relationships reported from empirical studies. Theory highlights the relative importance of Species–Species or Species–Environment interactions in driving diversity–stability patterns. Much previous work is based on an assumption of identical (stable) species‐level dynamics. We studied ecosystem models incorporating stable, cyclic and more complex species‐level dynamics, with either linear or non‐linear density dependence, within a locally stable community framework. Species composition varies with increasing diversity, interacting with the correlation of species' environmental responses to drive either positive or negative diversity–stability patterns, which theory based on communities with only stable species‐level dynamics fails to predict. Including different dynamics points to new mechanisms that drive the full range of diversity–biomass stability relationships in empirical systems where a wider range of dynamical behaviours are important.