bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Regional Emissions Trading Systems in the Achievement of a Net Zero Energy Economy
Authors: Guayo Íñigo del , Redondo Torres José Antonio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Emissions trading is widely regarded an instrument to achieve a net zero economy. The advantage of this instrument is that it is market oriented. However, emissions trading cannot operate optimally in isolation. This chapter underlines that complementary measures and cross-sectoral solidarity are essential for the coherent implementation of an emissions trading system as an instrument of choice for advancing net zero. This chapter reviews various existing emissions trading systems in different parts of the world, the gaps to the coherent implementation to advance net zero objectives, and the reforms that are being carried out in the European Union (EU), from which several lessons are drawn in order to advance the coherent and efficient implementation of emissions trading systems (ETS). Public regulation must help ensure that the price of carbon does not grow excessively, because that may harm consumers in times of crisis. At the same time, it must ensure that the price of carbon does not fall excessively, since that causes the collapse of the system.
Promoting Solidarity for Net Zero
Authors: de Fontenelle Louis , Annamayer Elodie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The current global market economic model depletes natural resources, damages the environment, and fosters conditions of unequal international competition. Moving towards net zero therefore requires the use of low-carbon energy and the rational use of natural resources. Border Carbon Adjustment (BCA) provides a framework for countries or regional systems with carbon pricing schemes to create a level playing field for companies producing goods or services in third countries. This chapter discusses the potential of BCA as an instrument choice for promoting international solidarity for net zero. It evaluates the key opportunities and challenges associated with BCA, and the legal innovations required to enhance the effective design and implementation of BCAs. EU law, which has introduced a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM), is an interesting example to analyse because it reveals challenges and inspiring lessons for other third countries or economic regions.
Mitigating Damages in Net Zero Energy Transitions through Investment Treaty and Market Reforms
Authors: Boute Anatole , Soini Sara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how international solidarity and cooperation in the reform of investment protection relating to the utilization of non-renewable natural resources could help mitigate the wide range of sovereignty, security, and justice risks of net zero and the clean energy transition. Reforms of investment treaties based on international cooperation can help contribute to the phasing out of fossil assets. These reforms can first consist in excluding fossil investments from the international investment protection regime. Environmental carve-outs in modernized investment treaties could recognize states’ right to adopt phase-out decisions without payment of compensation, and environmental considerations could be explicitly included in the valuation methods. In parallel, the adoption of market-based reforms in the energy sector can contribute to reducing the possible damages due when fossil assets are required to close down. Investment treaty and market reforms are necessary to mitigate the risk of damages due to closing down fossil assets and keeping fossil fuels in the ground, without withdrawing from or terminating investment treaties that have a role to play in de-risking the clean energy investments needed to transition to net zero emissions.
Examining Hypothetical Intentionalism
Authors: Song Moonyoung 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This essay examines Jerrold Levinson’s hypothetical intentionalism with respect to the following two objections raised by actual intentionalists: (1) it is arbitrary to exclude certain kinds of evidence, such as the author’s pronouncements of intention, when hypothesizing about authorial intention; and (2) there exist counter-examples. I argue that these objections fail to establish that actual intentionalism is superior to hypothetical intentionalism and that hypothetical intentionalism is more plausible than actual intentionalism. I also suggest, however, that hypothetical intentionalism has difficulties when applied to truth in fiction and thus may not be a complete theory of literary work meaning broadly construed.
Comprehensive Assessment of Labiaplasty Techniques and Tools, Satisfaction Rates, and Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Géczi András Mihály , Varga Tamás , Vajna Rita , Pataki Gergely , Meznerics Fanni Adél , Ács Nándor , Hegyi Péter , Nyirády Loretta , Pál Péter , Farkas Nelli , Fazekas Alíz , Várbíró Szabolcs , Sára Levente 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Various surgical techniques have been devised for the surgical cosmetic enhancement of female outer genitalia. The selection of an optimal method should be based on satisfaction rates and safety; however, comprehensive, contemporary systematic assessment of these factors has been limited in the literature.

Objectives
Our aim was to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the overall satisfaction rates and risk factors associated with various labiaplasty techniques and tools.

Methods
The authors performed a systematic literature search in 3 medical databases: PubMed, Elsevier, and Cochrane (Central) with the closing date of October 2023. Original articles with quantitative satisfaction rates and frequencies of the most common complications (hematoma, dehiscence, swelling, bleeding, and infection) were included.

Results
Systematic search provided a total of 3954 records. After selection and review of the articles, 86 eligible, peer-reviewed studies were identified, of which 53 provided quantitative data. High overall satisfaction rate was found for all methods (proportion [prop] 94%; confidence interval [CI] 93%-95%), with highest satisfaction for deepithelialization (prop 97%; CI, 85%-99%). Complications were generally rare, with elevated incidences for some techniques (wedge resection: dehiscence, prop, 8%, CI 5%-13%; and composite reduction: swelling, prop 13%, CI 2%-54%). Scalpel technique had significantly higher incidence of complications than laser, namely for bleeding, swelling, and hematoma.

Conclusions
Labiaplasty can be considered a generally effective approach to outer female genitalia beautification, with low associated risks. Surgeons must tailor their approach to the patients’ needs and anatomy to achieve maximal satisfaction, given the differences in the frequency of complications for each method.

Level of Evidence: 3
Calib-RT: an open source python package for peptide retention time calibration in DIA mass spectrometry data
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Hu Chenghui , Wu Xiaohui , Song Jian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The data independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS) method is increasingly popular in the field of proteomics. But the loss of the correspondence between peptide ions and their spectra in DIA makes the identification challenging. One effective approach to reduce false positive identification is to calculate the deviation between the peptide’s estimated retention time (RT) and measured RT. During this process, scaling the spectral library RT into the estimated RT, known as the RT calibration, is a prerequisite for calculating the deviation. Currently, within the DIA algorithm ecosystem, there is a lack of engine-independent and readily usable RT calibration toolkits.

Results
In this work, we introduce Calib-RT, a RT calibration method tailored to the characteristics of RT data. This method can achieve the nonlinear calibration across various data scales and tolerate a certain level of noise interference. Calib-RT is expected to enrich the open source DIA algorithm toolchain and assist in the development of DIA identification algorithms.

Availability and implementation
Calib-RT is released as an open source software under the MIT license and can be installed from PyPi as a python module. The source code is available on GitHub at https://github.com/chenghui03/Calib_RT.
Seen to be grieved: Queen Elizabeth II’s death and the unsettlement of the modern media event
Authors: Hallgren Liz 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With millions of viewers across the globe over more than 10 days’ time, media coverage of Queen Elizabeth II’s death appears to constitute a “media event” in the sense of its popularization by Dayan and Katz in 1992. But it also ignited an immediate synchronized effort at counter narration that criticized the Queen’s tenure and the institution of the British monarchy. Employing critical discourse and conjunctural analysis, I argue that the Queen’s death was a moment in which the state-driven “media event” was challenged by a grassroots “viral event.” Media events, I argue, deploy nostalgia, which masks history, as their prevailing tool, while the viral event of the counter commentary deploys critical memory, which highlights and parses history, to make its case—the latter upsetting the perceived dominance of the former.
Exploring the influence of optical and thermal parameters on the effectiveness of parabolic trough collector receiver units
Authors: Mohamad Khaled 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the optimization of physical parameters in a parabolic trough collector receiver unit to improve its thermal and optical performance. The parameters include the transmissivity, reflectivity, absorptivity, emissivity and thermal conductivity of the outer cover and absorber pipe. This study utilizes a novel experimental design and a simulation model that accounts for the infrared reflectivity inside the receiver. The simulation results were validated by the experimental data, with a maximum deviation of 8%. The study analyses the effects of varying the physical parameters on the heat transfer fluid temperature, total plant efficiency, temperature profiles, temperature gradients and thermal stress. The study finds that increasing the reflectivity and decreasing the emissivity of the outer cover and the absorber pipe significantly enhance the performance, with maximum increases of 25.8% and 26.5% in total efficiency, respectively. The study also finds that increasing the thermal conductivity of the absorber pipe reduces the temperature gradients and thermal stress, with maximum decreases of 42.2% and 29%, respectively. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing the receiver design and operation in solar–thermal systems.
Forum: Debating the Chinese School(s) of IR Theory
Authors: Lu Peng , Ren Xiao , Erskine Toni , Guzzini Stefano , Buzan Barry , Jahn Beate , Rosenberg Justin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The papers in this Forum, along with eight papers consecutively published in previous and current issues of this journal, constitute a special symposium, which engages in a dialogue between the “Chinese School” of International Relations (IR) theory and “Western” IR theories. The contributors are renowned Western theorists representing various Western paradigms and leading Chinese theorists from the three branches of the Chinese School, namely “moral realism,” “relational theory,” and “symbiosis theory.” The dialogue between the Chinese School and Western theories has become feasible due to recent theoretical breakthroughs achieved by the former and the observed efforts to enhance theoretical diversity in the latter. Contributors from both sides are committed to fostering an equal, comprehensive, and constructive dialogue. Western theorists provide an evaluation of the Chinese School as a whole and delve into the specifics of its branches. They compare the Chinese School with Western theories, highlighting similarities and differences, reflecting on shared issues, identifying both contributions and shortcomings of the Chinese School, and proposing solutions for its further development. In response, Chinese School scholars reiterate their theoretical concerns and refine their theoretical stances accordingly. This dialogue demonstrates the potential for Chinese and Western theorists to overcome language and cultural barriers to achieve mutual understanding and valuable collaboration.
The Use and Misuse of East Asian History in IR Theorizing
Authors: Chen Zheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a wave of research into the history of East Asian international relations (IR). Scholars seek to broaden the historical frames of reference in IR for both theory testing and theory generation. The article reviews this recent trend, examining its limitations and exploring future agenda. In studying historical East Asian IR, scholars have different expectations regarding whether their research would support, complement, or undermine mainstream Western IR. The spatial and temporal scope of their historical inquiries, as well as theoretical ambitions, therefore, differ significantly. Scholars no longer treat all East Asian history as simply one case, but as multiple cases with divergent patterns, and they recognize that the system consisted not solely of China but of multiple actors. In addition to contrasting East Asia with Western Europe, they explore also the similarities between East Asia and other non-Western regions. To advance the agenda, however, scholars must scrupulously navigate three tensions. They are: the tension between the “East” and “West”; the tension between the two disciplines of history and IR; and the tension between past and present. Future studies, therefore, must broaden their horizons in order to better transcend ethnocentrism and exceptionalism, refine their methodology both to avoid selection bias and conduct more sophisticated comparisons, and to maintain a proper distance from contemporary politics. Most importantly, they should combine high-quality historical research with cutting-edge IR theoretical trends to construct dynamic theories that could be applied to other regions.
Forest fragmentation and edge effects impact body condition, fur condition and ectoparasite prevalence in a nocturnal lemur community
Authors: Hending Daniel , Randrianarison Heriniaina , Andriamavosoloarisoa Niaina Nirina Mahefa , Ranohatra-Hending Christina , McCabe Grainne , Cotton Sam , Holderied Marc 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Forest fragmentation and edge effects are two major threats to primate populations. Primates inhabiting fragmented landscapes must survive in a more degraded environment, often with lower food availability compared to continuous forests. Such conditions can have deleterious effects on animal physiological health, yet some primates thrive in these habitats. Here, we assessed how forest fragmentation and associated edge effects impact three different components of physiological health in a nocturnal primate community in the Sahamalaza-Iles Radama National Park, northwest Madagascar. Over two periods, 6 March 2019–30 October 2019 and 10 January 2022–17 May 2022, we collected data on body condition, fur condition scores and ectoparasite prevalence for 125 Mirza zaza, 51 Lepilemur sahamalaza, 27 Cheirogaleus medius and 22 Microcebus sambiranensis individuals, and we compared these metrics between core and edge areas of continuous forest and fragmented forest. Body condition scores for all species varied between areas, with a positive response to fragmentation and edge effects observed for M. zaza and L. sahamalaza and a negative response for C. medius and M. sambiranensis. Fur condition scores and ectoparasite prevalence were less variable, although M. zaza and L. sahamalaza had a significantly negative response to fragmentation and edge effects for these two variables. Interestingly, the impacts of fragmentation and edge effects on physiological health were variable-specific. Our results suggest that lemur physiological responses to fragmentation and edge effects are species-specific, and body condition, fur condition and ectoparasite prevalence are impacted in different ways between species. As other ecological factors, including food availability and inter/intraspecific competition, likely also influence physiological health, additional work is required to determine why certain aspects of lemur physiology are affected by environmental stressors while others remain unaffected. Although many nocturnal lemurs demonstrate resilience to fragmented and degraded habitats, urgent conservation action is needed to safeguard the survival of their forest habitats.
A case report of a malignant melanoma in the cardiologic diagnostic workup
Authors: Jahnke Constantin , Gramlich Robert , Sander Christian , Willems Stephan , Chung Da-Un 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular imaging plays an important role in identifying pre-existing cardiac comorbidity prior to the decision on cancer therapy and serves as a reference for detecting changes during treatment and long-term follow-up and also in the further identification of a possible cardiac manifestation of the underlying oncological disease.

Case summary
We report the case of an 81-year-old patient with a malignant melanoma. The patient initially was presented before the start of adjuvant therapy with serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf/mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors. Cardiologic staged diagnostics using transthoracic echocardiography, transoesophageal echocardiography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) revealed with a high probability a cardiac manifestation of the underlying disease. The echocardiographic and CMR results as well as the diagnostic workup are presented.

Discussion
Cardiac masses in general have a variety of differential diagnoses. Cardiac metastases are much more common than primary neoplasms in a ratio of about 10:1. Cardiovascular risk stratification is recommended in all patients with cancer before starting potentially cardiotoxic anticancer therapy. Cardiovascular imaging plays an important role for baseline risk stratification but is also the leading diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis of cardiac tumours and the planning of a potential therapy.
Learning From People With Dementia What Works Well for Well-Being: Interviews and Focus Groups
Authors: Kloos Noortje , Bielderman Annemiek , Gerritsen Debby L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Previous research has tended to prioritize the condition of dementia when investigating positive lived experiences, while there is no evidence that well-being becomes fundamentally different when living with dementia. The current exploratory qualitative study examined how people living with dementia describe how they realize their well-being, without treating dementia as a central concern, and specifically addressed people who are successful in maintaining their well-being.

Research Design and Methods
Semistructured face-to-face interviews (n = 16) and 2 focus groups (n = 13) were conducted with community-dwelling older people living with dementia, aged 65–93 years (68% male). Conversations covered contributors to experienced life satisfaction, and life enjoyment, and were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results
Two main themes described how people realize well-being. (1) To live a fulfilling life, participants engaged in activities in order to feel useful and relaxed, and they engaged with others, by interacting and sharing with others, and relying on others. (2) To have a positive attitude toward life, participants appreciated the good things in their current life, their lived life, and about their own person, and positively coped with difficulties by accepting them as part of life, not dwelling on the negative, and actively addressing difficulties.

Discussion and Implications
The results appear to reflect universal ways of realizing well-being, justifying the use of universal models of well-being for people living with dementia. We can learn from people living with dementia that living a fulfilling life and having a positive attitude toward life are key to realizing their well-being.
Health-related quality of life following aortopexy for tracheomalacia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Brockbank Bethany L , Dewar Greg S J , Hewitt Richard J , Butler Colin R , Wray Jo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The objective was to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children following treatment of all-cause tracheomalacia with aortopexy.

METHODS
Children ≥5 years and parents of children &lt;18 years who had undergone aortopexy completed the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL4.0). Scores were compared to published norms.

RESULTS
Completed questionnaires were received from 35 parents (65%) and 10 children (38%). Median age at aortopexy was 9.8 months (1 month-12.7 years) and median years of follow-up was 2.6 (4 months-6.9 years). Children who completed questionnaires had a median age of 8.4 (5.7–13.4) years. Parent and child-reported total PedsQL scores were 69.61 (SD : 19.74), and 63.15 (SD : 20.40) respectively. Half of parents and 80% of children reported scores suggesting poor HRQoL outcomes. Parent-reported total, physical and psycho-social scores were lower than those of healthy children and those with acute illness but comparable to children with chronic health conditions and cardiovascular disease. Similarly, children themselves reported comparable total scores to children with chronic illness but child-reported psycho-social scores were lower in the aortopexy group than any other group. There was no association between PedsQL scores and cause of malacia, age or time since aortopexy. The presence of complex congenital comorbidities had a significant (p &lt; 0.05) impact on HRQoL scores.

CONCLUSIONS
Following aortopexy children remain at risk of poor HRQoL, especially those with complex comorbidities. HRQoL reported by both parent and child provides important insight into the lives of children following this procedure. Further longitudinal and qualitative study are required to better understand this complex group.
Rhizobacterial syntrophy between a helper and a beneficiary promotes tomato plant health
Authors: Lee Sang-Moo , Thapa Magar Roniya , Jung Min Kyeong , Kong Hyun Gi , Song Ju Yeon , Kwon Joo Hwan , Choi Minseo , Lee Hyoung Ju , Lee Seung Yeup , Khan Raees , Kim Jihyun F , Lee Seon-Woo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Microbial interactions impact the functioning of microbial communities. However, microbial interactions within host-associated communities remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the beneficiary rhizobacterium Niallia sp. RD1 requires the helper Pseudomonas putida H3 for bacterial growth and beneficial interactions with the plant host. In the absence of the helper H3 strain, the Niallia sp. RD1 strain exhibited weak respiration and elongated cell morphology without forming bacterial colonies. A transposon mutant of H3 in a gene encoding succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase displayed much attenuated support of RD1 colony formation. Through the subsequent addition of succinate to the media, we found that succinate serves as a public good that supports RD1 growth. Comparative genome analysis highlighted that RD1 lacked the gene for sufficient succinate, suggesting its evolution as a beneficiary of succinate biosynthesis. The syntrophic interaction between RD1 and H3 efficiently protected tomato plants from bacterial wilt and promoted tomato growth. The addition of succinate to the medium restored complex II-dependent respiration in RD1 and facilitated the cultivation of various bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere. Taken together, we delineate energy auxotrophic beneficiaries ubiquitous in the microbial community, and these beneficiaries could benefit host plants with the aid of helpers in the rhizosphere.