bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxonomical studies on the lichen genus Platygramme (Graphidaceae) in China
Authors: JIA Ze-Feng , KALB Klaus 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn the present paper, seven species of the lichen genus Platygramme are reported from China. Two of these, Platygramme pudica and P. platyloma, are new to China and two species, Platygramme hainanensis and P. lueckingii, both from a tropical rain forest in Hainan Island, are described as new to science. The new species belong to a group within Platygramme, which is characterized by concealed discs, while the type species, P. caesiopruinosa, and some others have widely open discs. Descriptions and the known distribution of each species are given and a working key to the Chinese species is provided.
Transient populations in the British conservation priority lichen,Cladonia botrytes
Authors: YAHR Rebecca , COPPINS Brian J. , COPPINS Alexandra M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn the face of changing environments, conservation is tending towards an adaptive framework which accounts for the movement of species in the landscape. This makes it necessary to quantify population dynamics of species of concern. We studied the nationally scarceCladonia botrytes, a priority Biodiversity Action Plan species in Britain, examining population dynamics at two scales: first, we studied the demography for two populations over a period of 13 years. The monitored populations declined to complete absence, starting from 77 mats on 19 stumps. Individual mats persisted maximally for up to 7 years, but over 78% of more than 290 individual cases persisted only 1 year, and more than 93% of mats disappeared within 3 years. Secondly, we performed a targeted regional survey of more than 800 stumps across an additional 27 sites in the centre of the lichen's distribution in Britain in 2006. The largest populations known from 1998 were revisited and found to no longer support the species; only 9 stumps in 5 sites supportedC. botrytesin 2006. We show thatC. botrytesin Britain is characterized by short individual and population persistence times, probably locally dependent upon vegetative succession including overgrowth and shading, and the degree of stump decay. The species' transient nature poses a particular challenge to conservation, though we identify comparable systems from which lessons may be learned.
On the occurrence of peroxidase and laccase activity in lichens
Authors: BECKETT Richard P. , MINIBAYEVA Farida V. , LIERS Christiane 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn our earlier work, we demonstrated that the oxidases tyrosinase and laccase occur widely in lichens from the Peltigerales. Recently, we discovered the occurrence of another oxidoreductase, a heme peroxidase, in the Peltigeralean ‘jelly lichens’ Leptogium and Collema. Here we present the results of a survey of peroxidase activity in a range of lichens. In addition to the jelly lichens, strong peroxidase activity also occurs within the Peltigeralean genera Lobaria, Pseudocyphellaria and Sticta. Significant activity occurs in the cell wall, and, unlike laccase activity, peroxidase activity increases considerably following the rehydration of dry thalli. However, activity is absent from Peltigera and from the non-Peltigeralean species tested here. Electrophoretic investigation showed that lichen peroxidases are oligomeric. Possible roles for peroxidases in lichen biology are discussed.
The Influence of Mood on the Relation between Proactive Coping and Rehabilitation Outcomes
Authors: Katter Joana K.Q. , Greenglass Esther 
Published: February 2013

RÉSUMÉCette étude a examiné un échantillon de 228 personnes âgées en réhabilitation après chirurgie pour remplacement d’une articulation; elle a porté sur la relation entre une adaptation proactive, l’humeur et les résultats psychologiques et fonctionnels. Faire face proactivement c’est une façon de réagir qui est axée sur les objectifs et nécessite qu’on affront les facteurs qui incitent le stress comme un défi plutôt qu’une menace. Selon notre hypothèse, les personnes âgées qui adoptent des stratégies proactives d’adaptation subiraient une amélioration du fonctionnement physique et psychologique apres la réadaptation et connaîtraient une humeur positive. Le modèle proposé a trouvé du support, par lequel une expérience de vigueur a été trouvé à la médiation de l’effet d’une adaptation proactive sur les résultats. Les implications théoriques et pratiques des résultats de recherche sont discutées dans le contexte des interventions qui encourageraient les personnes âgées à faire face proactivement.
Cyclitol galactosides in low-raffinose, low-stachyose soybean embryos after feedingd-chiro-inositol,myo-inositol ord-pinitol
Authors: Obendorf Ralph L. , Sensenig Elizabeth M. , Byrt Erin M. , Owczarczyk Anna B. , Ohashi Minori , Schnebly Steven R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSucrose, raffinose and stachyose accumulate as stored soluble carbohydrates in embryos during soybean [Glycine maxL. (Merrill)] seed development and maturation. Raffinose and stachyose in soybean feed products are not digested by humans, chickens or pigs, resulting in flatulence and reduced nutritional value. Soybean lines selected for low raffinose and low stachyose (LRS) or low raffinose, low stachyose and low phytin (LRSP1, LRSP2) concentrations in mature seeds were compared to a CHECK line with normal raffinose, stachyose and phytin. To determine whether increasing the supply of free cyclitols to immature embryos of these lines results in increased accumulation of galactosyl cyclitols, isolated immature embryos free of maternal tissues were fed solutions containing eitherd-chiro-inositol,myo-inositol ord-pinitol, or a control solution without cyclitols, for 24 h. Embryos were precociously matured by slow drying for 14 d with daily transfers to stepwise lower relative humidities. Soluble carbohydrates were extracted from axis and cotyledon tissues of mature, dry embryos and analysed by high-resolution gas chromatography. Axis and cotyledons from LRS, LRSP1 and LRSP2 embryos had low concentrations of stachyose compared to CHECK embryos after feeding a control solution without cyclitols. Feedingd-chiro-inositol to isolated embryos increased fagopyritol B1 accumulation in embryos of all lines. Feedingmyo-inositol increased stachyose accumulation in LRSP1 and LRSP2 cotyledons. Feedingd-pinitol increased freed-pinitol in cotyledons of all lines but increased galactopinitol A and galactopinitol B only in LRS cotyledons. Supplying additionald-chiro-inositol to immature embryos can enhance accumulation of fagopyritol B1 in mature embryos of low-raffinose and low-stachyose or low-raffinose, low-stachyose and low-phytin soybeans.
MATRIX-VARIATE GAUSS HYPERGEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION
Authors: GUPTA ARJUN K. , NAGAR DAYA K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a matrix-variate generalization of the Gauss hypergeometric distribution and study several of its properties. We also derive probability density functions of the product of two independent random matrices when one of them is Gauss hypergeometric. These densities are expressed in terms of Appell’s first hypergeometric function F1 and Humbert’s confluent hypergeometric function Φ1of matrix arguments.
Voluntary savings, financial behavior, and pension finance literacy: evidence from Chile
Authors: LANDERRETCHE OSCAR M. , MARTÍNEZ CLAUDIA 
Published: February 2013

AbstractChileans have limited knowledge of the pension system, its rules, and the consequences involved in their personal decisions within it. Using a variation in the household composition – having a pensioner in the household – as an instrument, we show that Chileans with greater knowledge about the pension system are more likely to have additional financial savings, but not within the voluntary pension saving plans offered by the pension system. We find that getting one additional answer right in the pension literacy survey (out of six) generates approximately a 50% additional chance that the individual will save at least in one of the surveyed periods, and a 25% additional chance that the individual will save in both surveyed periods. We also test for evidence that pension literacy affects worker choices regarding their pension savings (what we call active financial behavior). We find that more literate workers are more likely to engage in pension fund type switching and that independent workers are more likely to voluntarily enter the pension system as affiliates if they have greater pension finance literacy. Getting one additional answer right in the pension literacy survey (out of six) increases the probability of pension fund type switching by 20% and the probability of voluntary affiliation to the pension system of self-employed workers by 30%.
GLOBALIZATION OF MARKETS FOR CONTEMPORARY ART
Authors: Velthuis Olav 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data, this article explores the extent to which Western art markets are globalized by focusing on the nationality of contemporary artists represented by art galleries in Amsterdam and Berlin. Far from the borderless world presupposed in the globalization literature as well as by art dealers themselves, galleries in both countries show a strong home bias, whilst American artists dominate in Amsterdam and Berlin galleries. The article explains this home bias by focusing on widely diffused organizational practices, business conventions and role models within market settings, which are the outcome of cultural globalization, but also pose barriers to art dealers' global aspirations.
Methanogenic capabilities of ANME‐archaea deduced from 13C‐labelling approaches
Authors: Bertram Sebastian , Blumenberg Martin , Michaelis Walter , Siegert Michael , Krüger Martin , Seifert Richard 
Published: February 2013

SummaryAnaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) are ubiquitous in marine sediments where sulfate dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) occurs. Despite considerable progress in the understanding of AOM, physiological details are still widely unresolved. We investigated two distinct microbial mat samples from the Black Sea that were dominated by either ANME‐1 or ANME‐2. The 13C lipid stable isotope probing (SIP) method using labelled substances, namely methane, bicarbonate, acetate, and methanol, was applied, and the substrate‐dependent methanogenic capabilities were tested. Our data provide strong evidence for a versatile physiology of both, ANME‐1 and ANME‐2. Considerable methane production rates (MPRs) from CO2‐reduction were observed, particularly from ANME‐2 dominated samples and in the presence of methane, which supports the hypothesis of a co‐occurrence of methanotrophy and methanogenesis in the AOM systems (AOM/MPR up to 2:1). The experiments also revealed strong methylotrophic capabilities through 13C‐assimilation from labelled methanol, which was independent of the presence of methane. Additionally, high MPRs from methanol were detected in both of the mat samples. As demonstrated by the 13C‐uptake into lipids, ANME‐1 was found to thrive also under methane free conditions. Finally, C35‐isoprenoid hydrocarbons were identified as new lipid biomarkers for ANME‐1, most likely functioning as a hydrogen sink during methanogenesis.
Saturation mutagenesis of selected residues of the α‐peptide of the lantibiotic lacticin 3147 yields a derivative with enhanced antimicrobial activity
Authors: Field Des , Molloy Evelyn M. , Iancu Catalin , Draper Lorraine A. , O' Connor Paula M. , Cotter Paul D. , Hill Colin , Ross R. Paul 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe lantibiotic lacticin 3147 consists of two ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified antimicrobial peptides, Ltnα and Ltnβ, which act synergistically against a wide range of Gram‐positive microorganisms. We performed saturation mutagenesis of specific residues of Ltnα to determine their functional importance. The results establish that Ltnα is more tolerant to change than previously suggested by alanine scanning mutagenesis. One substitution, LtnαH23S, was identified which improved the specific activity of lacticin 3147 against one pathogenic strain, Staphylococcus aureus NCDO1499. This represents the first occasion upon which the activity of a two peptide lantibiotic has been enhanced through bioengineering.
CartograTree: connecting tree genomes, phenotypes and environment
Authors: Vasquez‐Gross Hans A. , Yu John J. , Figueroa Ben , Gessler Damian D. G. , Neale David B. , Wegrzyn Jill L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractToday, researchers spend a tremendous amount of time gathering, formatting, filtering and visualizing data collected from disparate sources. Under the umbrella of forest tree biology, we seek to provide a platform and leverage modern technologies to connect biotic and abiotic data. Our goal is to provide an integrated web‐based workspace that connects environmental, genomic and phenotypic data via geo‐referenced coordinates. Here, we connect the genomic query web‐based workspace, DiversiTree and a novel geographical interface called CartograTree to data housed on the TreeGenes database. To accomplish this goal, we implemented Simple Semantic Web Architecture and Protocol to enable the primary genomics database, TreeGenes, to communicate with semantic web services regardless of platform or back‐end technologies. The novelty of CartograTree lies in the interactive workspace that allows for geographical visualization and engagement of high performance computing (HPC) resources. The application provides a unique tool set to facilitate research on the ecology, physiology and evolution of forest tree species. CartograTree can be accessed at: http://dendrome.ucdavis.edu/cartogratree.
Avoiding bladder catheterisation in total knee arthroplasty: Patient selection criteria and low‐dose spinal anaesthesia
Authors: KARASON S. , OLAFSSON T. A. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundBladder catheterisation may be inconvenient for patients, delay mobilisation and risk complications. We hypothesised that by excluding pre‐operatively patients at high risk of post‐operative urinary retention, the majority of patients could avoid perioperative catheterisation during low‐dose spinal anaesthesia.MethodsPatients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were assigned if fit for spinal anaesthesia and without severe symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction, gross incontinence, mobilisation difficulties hindering micturition and > 200 ml residual urine volume. Bladder volume was monitored by ultrasound and temporary catheterisation advised if > 400 ml.ResultsFifty‐two patients (men 54%, age 65 ± 9 years, body mass index 31 ± 5, 30% with history of urinary tract problems) were included. Intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine given was 7.8 ± 1.08 mg and always 7.5 μg sufentanil providing sufficient anaesthesia in all cases. Crystalloid given during surgery was 8.5 ± 4.0 ml/kg. Voluntary micturition was reached by 46 patients (88%, confidence interval (CI) 79–97%), but six (12%, CI 3–21%) needed temporary catheterisation once (four men/two women). Larger bladder volumes were found in those catheterised than those with voluntary micturition on the pre‐operative (131 ± 76 ml vs. 68 ± 57 ml, P = 0.03) and first post‐operative bladder scan (445 ± 169 ml vs. 271 ± 129 ml, P = 0.004). All but two patients (96%) could be mobilised the same day. No patient suffered bladder dysfunction.ConclusionLow‐dose spinal anaesthesia combined with simple selection criteria allowed for early mobilisation (96%) and avoidance of bladder catheterisation in the vast majority (88%) of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, and the rest (12%) only needed a single temporary catheterisation.
Reducing heavy drinking in HIV primary care: a randomized trial of brief intervention, with and without technological enhancement
Authors: Hasin Deborah S. , Aharonovich Efrat , O'Leary Ann , Greenstein Eliana , Pavlicova Martina , Arunajadai Srikesh , Waxman Rachel , Wainberg Milton , Helzer John , Johnston Barbara 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimsIn HIV‐infected individuals, heavy drinking compromises survival. In HIV primary care, the efficacy of brief motivational interviewing (MI) to reduce drinking is unknown, alcohol‐dependent patients may need greater intervention and resources are limited. Using interactive voice response (IVR) technology, HealthCall was designed to enhance MI via daily patient self‐monitoring calls to an automated telephone system with personalized feedback. We tested the efficacy of MI‐only and MI+HealthCall for drinking reduction among HIV primary care patients.DesignParallel random assignment to control (n = 88), MI‐only (n = 82) or MI+HealthCall (n = 88). Counselors provided advice/education (control) or MI (MI‐only or MI+HealthCall) at baseline. At 30 and 60 days (end‐of‐treatment), counselors briefly discussed drinking with patients, using HealthCall graphs with MI+HealthCall patients.SettingLarge urban HIV primary care clinic.ParticipantsPatients consuming ≥4 drinks at least once in prior 30 days.MeasurementsUsing time‐line follow‐back, primary outcome was number of drinks per drinking day, last 30 days.FindingsEnd‐of‐treatment number of drinks per drinking day (NumDD) means were 4.75, 3.94 and 3.58 in control, MI‐only and MI+HealthCall, respectively (overall model χ2, d.f. = 9.11,2, P = 0.01). For contrasts of NumDD, P = 0.01 for MI+HealthCall versus control; P = 0.07 for MI‐only versus control; and P = 0.24 for MI+HealthCall versus MI‐only. Secondary analysis indicated no intervention effects on NumDD among non‐alcohol‐dependent patients. However, for contrasts of NumDD among alcohol‐dependent patients, P < 0.01 for MI+HealthCall versus control; P = 0.09 for MI‐only versus control; and P = 0.03 for MI+HealthCall versus MI‐only. By 12‐month follow‐up, although NumDD remained lower among alcohol‐dependent patients in MI+HealthCall than others, effects were no longer significant.ConclusionsFor alcohol‐dependent HIV patients, enhancing MI with HealthCall may offer additional benefit, without extensive additional staff involvement.
The effects of an increasing gradient of maternal obesity on pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Magann Everett F. , Doherty Dorota A. , Sandlin Adam T. , Chauhan Suneet P. , Morrison John C. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundMaternal obesity is becoming more prevalent in obstetrics and has been linked with pregnancy complications and perinatal outcomes. The gradient of association of increasing maternal obesity and pregnancy outcome is less well studied.AimsTo determine the influence of an increasing gradient of obesity, categorised by the body mass index (BMI), on pregnancy outcomes and to determine the BMI thresholds at which pregnancy complications occur.Materials and MethodsSecondary analysis of an observational study on pregnancy and obesity. The BMI at the first prenatal visit was grouped into BMI categories (<18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, 30–34.9, 35–39.9, 40–44.9, and ≥45) and compared with the normal category (BMI 18.5–25) for pregnancy outcomes and adjusted for known cofounders.ResultsA total of 4,490 women were stratified into the pre‐pregnancy BMI categories: <18.5 (n = 276), 18.5–24.9 (n = 1965), 25–29.9 (n = 1072), 30–34.9 (n = 551), 35–39.9 (n = 317), 40–44.9 (n = 167), and ≥45 (n = 142). The maternal demographics were significantly different between BMI groups (P < 0.001). Compared to women with a normal BMI, different BMI thresholds convey an increased risk for specific pregnancy complications: BMI≥25 for gestational diabetes (P < 0.001), induction of labour (P < 0.001), caesarean delivery (P < 0.001) and large for gestational age neonate (P < 0.001); BMI≥30 for pre‐eclampsia (P < 0.001), wound infection (P = 0.001), shoulder dystocia (P < 0.001) and meconium (P = 0.006); BMI≥35 for urinary tract infection (P < 0.001) and postpartum haemorrhage (P < 0.001); BMI≥40 for endometritis (P < 0.001).ConclusionsBody mass index thresholds exist at which pregnancy complications significantly increase and they vary depending on outcome ranging from BMI ≥25 to a BMI ≥40.
Multiple deliveries: The reduced impact of in vitro fertilisation in Australia
Authors: Umstad Mark P. , Hale Lyndon , Wang Yueping A. , Sullivan Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundThe number of twins born in Australia steadily increased from 2420 sets in 1983 to 4458 sets in 2010. At one stage, almost 25% of all twin deliveries in Australia were a consequence of assisted reproductive technologies.AimsTo determine the influence of a policy of single embryo transfer (SET) on the rate of multiple deliveries in Australia.MethodsWe used population data to compare the prevalence of twin and higher order multiple births in women giving birth in Australia before and after the implementation of the RTAC COP 2001 and 2005 revisions for ART units.ResultsThere was a steady fall in the twin delivery rate for assisted reproductive technologies from 210.4 per 1000 deliveries in 2001 to 84.3 per 1000 deliveries in 2009. In 2009, assisted reproductive technologies accounted for approximately 16% of all twin births from 3% of all conceptions, substantially less than the 24.5% in 2002.ConclusionsThe decline in multiple births is multifactorial. However, the fall in the proportion of ART multiple births has paralleled adoption of a voluntary policy of SET within a setting of largely public funding of ART.
Negotiating Neoliberal Empowerment: Aboriginal People, Educational Restructuring, and Academic Labour in the North of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Mills Suzanne E. , McCreary Tyler 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAboriginal peoples in Canada are gaining influence in post‐secondary education through Aboriginal‐directed programs and policies in non‐Aboriginal institutions. However, these gains have occurred alongside, and in some cases through, neoliberal reforms to higher education. This article explores the political consequences of the neoliberal institutionalization of First Nations empowerment for public sector unions and workers. We examine a case where the indigenization of a community college in British Columbia was embedded in neoliberal reforms that ran counter to the interests of academic instructors. Although many union members supported indigenization, many also possessed a deep ambivalence about the change. Neoliberal indigenization increased work intensity, decreased worker autonomy and promoted an educational philosophy that prioritized labour market needs over liberal arts. This example demonstrates how the integration of Aboriginal aspirations into neoliberal processes of reform works to rationalize public sector restructuring, constricting labour agency and the possibilities for alliances between labour and Aboriginal peoples.