bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ejaculate Fractioning Effect on Llama Sperm Head Morphometry as Assessed by theISAS® CASAsystem
Authors: Soler C , Sancho M , García A , Fuentes MC , Núñez J , Cucho H 
Published: September 2013

ContentsSouth American camelid sperm characteristics are poorly known compared with those of other domestic animals. The long‐term duration of ejaculation makes difficult to gather all the seminal fluid, implying possible ejaculation portion losses. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the characteristics of the morphology and morphometry of the spermatozoa change during ejaculation. The morphometric characterization was tested on nine specimens of the Lanuda breed, using a special artificial vagina. In five of the animals, a fractioning of the ejaculate was performed by taking samples every 5 min. for a total of 20 min. Air‐dried seminal smears were stained with Hemacolor and mounted permanently with Eukitt. Morphometric analysis was carried out with the morphometry module of theISAS®CASAsystem. Almost 350 cells were analysed per sample, with a total number of 3207 spermatozoa. Mean values were given as follows: length: 5.51 μm; width: 3.38 μm; area: 17.75 μm2; perimeter: 14.8 μm; ellipticity: 0.24; elongation: 0.56; rugosity: 0.87; regularity: 1.07; and shape factor: 1.41. Different animals showed differences in their morphometric values. When we compared the values from different fractions, only two samples showed differences in morphometric parameter values and four samples showed differences in shape parameters. Multivariate analysis allowed the size classification of the cells into three classes and five classes of shapes. The distribution of classes among fractions showed no differences. Despite the individual morphometric differences observed in some fractions, the characteristics of the sperm head morphometry can be considered constant along the ejaculatory period in the llama.
Type I IFN Exhaustion is a Host Defence Protecting Against Secondary Bacterial Infections
Authors: Furuya Y. , Müllbacher A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractType I interferons (IFN‐I) have been known for decades for their indispensable role in curtailing viral infections. It is, however, now also increasingly recognized that IFN‐I is detrimental to the host in combating a number of bacterial infections. We have previously reported that viral infections induce partial lymphocyte activation, characterized by significant increases in the cell surface expression of CD69 and CD86, but not CD25. This systemic partial activation of lymphocytes, mediated by IFN‐I, is rapid and is followed by a period of IFN‐I unresponsiveness. Here we propose that IFN‐I exhaustion that occurs soon after a primary viral infection may be a host response protecting it from secondary bacterial infections.
Epigenetic Synergies Between Biotin and Folate in the Regulation of Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokines and Repeats
Authors: Xue J. , Zempleni J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe protein biotin ligase, holocarboxylase synthetase (HLCS), is a chromatin protein that interacts physically with the DNA methyltransferase DNMT1, the methylated cytosine‐binding protein MeCP2 and the histone H3 K9‐methyltransferase EHMT1, all of which participate in folate‐dependent gene repression. Here we tested the hypothesis that biotin and folate synergize in the repression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and long‐terminal repeats (LTRs), mediated by interactions between HLCS and other chromatin proteins. Biotin and folate supplementation could compensate for each other's deficiency in the repression of LTRs in Jurkat and U937 cells. For example, when biotin‐deficient Jurkat cells were supplemented with folate, the expression of LTRs decreased by >70%. Epigenetic synergies were more complex in the regulation of cytokines compared with LTRs. For example, the abundance of TNF‐α was 100% greater in folate‐ and biotin‐supplemented U937 cells compared with biotin‐deficient and folate‐supplemented cells. The NF‐κB inhibitor curcumin abrogated the effects of folate and biotin in cytokine regulation, suggesting that transcription factor signalling adds an extra layer of complexity to the regulation of cytokine genes by epigenetic phenomena. We conclude that biotin and folate synergize in the repression of LTRs and that these interactions are probably mediated by HLCS‐dependent epigenetic mechanisms. In contrast, synergies between biotin and folate in the regulation of cytokines need to be interpreted in the context of transcription factor signalling.
Characterization ofHOXgene expression in canine mammary tumour cell lines from spontaneous tumours
Authors: DeInnocentes P. , Perry A. L. , Graff E. C. , Lutful Kabir F. M. , Curtis Bird R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSpatial/temporal controls of development are regulated by the homeotic (HOX) gene complex and require integration with oncogenes and tumour suppressors regulating cell cycle exit. Spontaneously derived neoplastic canine mammary carcinoma cell models were investigated to determine ifHOXexpression profiles were associated with neoplasia asHOXgenes promote neoplastic potential in human cancers. Comparative assessment of human and canine breast cancer expression profiles revealed remarkable similarity for all four paralogousHOXgene clusters and several unlinkedHOXgenes. Five canineHOXgenes were overexpressed with expression profiles consistent with oncogene‐like character (HOXA1,HOXA13,HOXD4,HOXD9andSIX1)and threeHOXgenes with underexpressed profiles (HOXA11,HOXC8andHOXC9) were also identified as was an apparent nonsense mutation inHOXC6. This data, as well as a comparative analysis of similar data from human breast cancers suggested expression of selectedHOXgenes in canine mammary carcinoma could be contributing to the neoplastic phenotype.
Indirect assessment of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in cats
Authors: Saba C. F. , Schmiedt C. W. , Freeman K. G. , Edwards G. L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractUse of 5‐fluoropyridimine antimetabolite drugs, specifically 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), has been discouraged in cats because of adverse events including neurotoxicity and death. Causes of toxicity have never been elucidated. In humans, toxicity has been associated with ineffective metabolism secondary to deficiencies in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Direct assessment of DPD activity is challenging; determination of uracil:dihydrouracil (U:UH2) in plasma using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been reported as an indirect measurement. U:UH2 was measured in the plasma of 73 cats. Mean U:UH2 for all cats was 1.66 ± 0.11 (median 1.53, range 0.24–7.00). Seventeen (23%) cats had U:UH2 >2, a value associated with decreased DPD activity in humans. Spayed female cats had significantly lower U:UH2 as compared with intact females, and age and U:UH2 were weakly but significantly negatively correlated (r = −0.26). Studies correlating U:UH2 and 5‐FU tolerability are required to further determine the validity and use of this test in cats.
The Complete Genome Sequence of Proteus mirabilis Strain BB2000 Reveals Differences from the P. mirabilis Reference Strain
Authors: Sullivan Nora L. , Septer Alecia N. , Fields Andrew T. , Wenren Larissa M. , Gibbs Karine A. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

We announce the complete genome sequence for
Proteus mirabilis
strain BB2000, a model system for self recognition. This opportunistic pathogen contains a single, circular chromosome (3,846,754 bp). Comparisons between this genome and that of strain HI4320 reveal genetic variations corresponding to previously unknown physiological and self-recognition differences.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Broad-Host-Range Paenibacillus larvae Phage phiIBB_Pl23
Authors: Oliveira Ana , Melo Luís D. R. , Kropinski Andrew M. , Azeredo Joana 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTPaenibacillus larvaeis a Gram-positive bacterium that causes American foulbrood, an important disease in apiculture. We report the first complete genome sequence of aP. larvaephage, phiIBB_Pl23, isolated from a hive in northern Portugal. This phage belongs to the familySiphoviridae.
Draft Genome Sequence of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris Strain ATCC 49025
Authors: Shemesh Moshe , Pasvolsky Ronit , Sela Noa , Green Stefan J. , Zakin Varda 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris
is a spore-forming Gram-positive, thermo-acidophilic, nonpathogenic bacterium which contaminates commercial pasteurized fruit juices. The draft genome sequence for
A. acidoterrestris
strain ATCC 49025 is reported here, providing genetic data relevant to the successful adaptation and survival of this strain in its ecological niche.
Genome Sequences of Six Wheat-Infecting
Fusarium
Species Isolates
Authors: Moolhuijzen Paula M. , Manners John M. , Wilcox Stephen A. , Bellgard Matthew I. , Gardiner Donald M. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Fusarium
pathogens represent a major constraint to wheat and barley production worldwide. To facilitate future comparative studies of
Fusarium
species that are pathogenic to wheat, the genome sequences of four
Fusarium pseudograminearum
isolates, a single
Fusarium acuminatum
isolate, and an organism from the
Fusarium incarnatum-F. equiseti
species complex are reported.
Complete Genome Sequence of an Attenuated Duck Enteritis Virus Obtained by
In Vitro
Serial Passage
Authors: Yang Chenghuai , Li Junping , Li Qihong , Li Huijiao , Xia Yecai , Guo Xin , Yu Kangzhen , Yang Hanchun 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Here, we present the complete genome sequence of an attenuated duck enteritis virus (DEV) obtained by serial chicken embryo passage. Compared with a virulent DEV, there is a serial deletion in unique long open reading frame 11 (LORF11) and unique long region 2 (UL2). This study will aid in further exploration of the molecular pathogenesis of DEV.
Draft Genome Sequence of Thermotoga maritima A7A Reconstructed from Metagenomic Sequencing Analysis of a Hydrocarbon Reservoir in the Bass Strait, Australia
Authors: Sutcliffe Brodie , Midgley David J. , Rosewarne Carly P. , Greenfield Paul , Li Dongmei 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of
Thermotoga maritima
A7A was obtained from a metagenomic assembly obtained from a high-temperature hydrocarbon reservoir in the Gippsland Basin, Australia. The organism is predicted to be a motile anaerobe with an array of catabolic enzymes for the degradation of numerous carbohydrates.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas pelagia CL-AP6, a Psychrotolerant Bacterium Isolated from Culture of Antarctic Green Alga
Pyramimonas gelidicola
Authors: Koh Hye Yeon , Jung Woongsic , Do Hackwon , Lee Sung Gu , Lee Jun Hyuck , Kim Hak Jun 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas pelagia
CL-AP6, isolated from a culture of the Antarctic green alga
Pyramimonas gelidicola
, is a psychrotolerant bacterium. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain, which may provide insights into the mutualistic interaction between microalgae and bacteria in sea ice, as well as the cold adaptation mechanisms of bacteria.
Relieving the burden: palliative centesis of an oedematous scrotal wall due to anasarca in end-stage heart failure
Authors: Sabar Ron , Safadi Wajdi 
Published: September 2013

End-stage congestive heart failure is a leading diagnosis among hospice patients without cancer. As in terminally ill cancer patients; the aim of the treatment was to focus on palliation and maximum symptom relief. Anasarca, a widespread swelling of the skin because of effusion of fluid into the extracellular space, is a common sign in end-stage heart failure causing much pain and discomfort. We described a simple, safe, bed-side technique to alleviate the discomfort associated with massive scrotal oedema.
A silent cause of sudden cardiac death especially in sport: congenital coronary artery anomalies
Authors: Hill Sharleen F , Sheppard Mary N 
Published: September 2013

AimTo raise awareness of congenital coronary artery anomalies (CCAAs) as an important cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in athletes, we describe a cohort of the malignant subset. Defining the key anatomical features for the cardiologist and pathologist to be aware of and detailing a systematic approach to examining the coronary arteries at autopsy.MethodsRetrospective non-case-controlled analysis of 2304 cases of SCD referred by pathologists between 1994 and January 2012.Results31 (1.3%) of the 2304 cases of SCD had CCAAs; 24 men (77%) and 7 women (23%), mean age 28 years (range 16 months–63 years). In 15 cases (48%), SCD occurred during or immediately after physical exertion. Cardiac symptoms were documented to have occurred in only seven patients (23%) prior to SCD. The anomaly had been identified by the referring pathologist in only 11 of the 31 cases (35%).ConclusionsCCAAs are a rare and mostly benign entity, but a subset has the potential to be fatal without any forewarning. In a significant proportion of cases identified in this large cohort, the victim was under exertion at the time of death, highlighting the relevance of this anomaly to the sports and exercise medicine community.
Issues and opportunities in urban forensic geology
Authors: Ruffell Alastair , Pirrie Duncan , Power Matthew R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Geological trace evidence including, for example, soil, sand and rock dust has been examined using a wide range of analytical techniques. Whilst such materials are common in rural locations, in urban areas, such geological materials are often perceived to be restricted to parks, recreational areas, gardens and waste ground. However, both geological materials and the wide range of analytical methods used to characterize them are much more applicable to the whole urban environment than is generally realized, with the main differences being the types and amounts of sample analysed and the methods adopted. The range of geological applications can be summarized as those deployed at the broad (decimetres–kilometres) to small (millimetres–decimetres) scale. The broad spatial variation in soil, roadway, water, buildings materials, and wind- or water-borne particles can be contrasted with the variation in urban materials from dwellings to streets or gardens and parks, along with the micro-spatial and stratigraphical variation in each. In addition, geological principles and techniques that have not been used before can be applied to urban materials to provide comparisons of material that were not previously achievable, or to add a further proxy to established methods. The latter point is demonstrated with a case study using X-ray diffraction and QEMSCAN® of a criminal case where building plaster with peculiar qualities could be compared between a suspect's vehicle and plaster present along the escape route from a murder scene.
GPR116, an Adhesion G-Protein–Coupled Receptor, Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis via the Gαq-p63RhoGEF-Rho GTPase Pathway
Authors: Tang Xiaolong , Jin Rongrong , Qu Guojun , Wang Xiu , Li Zhenxi , Yuan Zengjin , Zhao Chen , Siwko Stefan , Shi Tieliu , Wang Ping , Xiao Jianru , Liu Mingyao , Luo Jian 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Adhesion G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCR), which contain adhesion domains in their extracellular region, have been found to play important roles in cell adhesion, motility, embryonic development, and immune response. Because most adhesion molecules with adhesion domains have vital roles in cancer metastasis, we speculated that adhesion GPCRs are potentially involved in cancer metastasis. In this study, we identified GPR116 as a novel regulator of breast cancer metastasis through expression and functional screening of the adhesion GPCR family. We found that knockdown of GPR116 in highly metastatic (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells suppressed cell migration and invasion. Conversely, ectopic GPR116 expression in poorly metastatic (MCF-7 and Hs578T) cells promoted cell invasion. We further showed that knockdown of GPR116 inhibited breast cancer cell metastasis in two mammary tumor metastasis mouse models. Moreover, GPR116 modulated the formation of lamellipodia and actin stress fibers in cells in a RhoA- and Rac1-dependent manner. At a molecular level, GPR116 regulated cell motility and morphology through the Gαq-p63RhoGEF-RhoA/Rac1 pathway. The biologic significance of GPR116 in breast cancer is substantiated in human patient samples, where GPR116 expression is significantly correlated with breast tumor progression, recurrence, and poor prognosis. These findings show that GPR116 is crucial for the metastasis of breast cancer and support GPR116 as a potential prognostic marker and drug target against metastatic human breast cancer. Cancer Res; 73(20); 6206–18. ©2013 AACR.
Nitric Oxide Production Upregulates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling by Inhibiting Dickkopf-1
Authors: Du Qiang , Zhang Xinglu , Liu Quan , Zhang Xianghong , Bartels Christian E. , Geller David A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Nitric oxide signaling plays complex roles in carcinogenesis, in part, due to incomplete mechanistic understanding. In this study, we investigated our discovery of an inverse correlation in the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the Wnt/β-catenin regulator Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in human cancer. In human tumors and animal models, induced nitric oxide synthesis increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling by negatively regulating DKK1 gene expression. Human iNOS (hiNOS) and DKK1 gene expression were inversely correlated in primary human colon and breast cancers, and in intestinal adenomas from Min (Apcmin/+) mice. Nitric oxide production by various routes was sufficient to decrease constitutive DKK1 expression, increasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colon and breast cancer cells and primary human hepatocytes, thereby activating the transcription of Wnt target genes. This effect could be reversed by RNA interference-mediated silencing of iNOS or treatment with iNOS inhibitors, which restored DKK1 expression and its inhibitory effect on Wnt signaling. Taken together, our results identify a previously unrecognized mechanism through which the nitric oxide pathway promotes cancer by unleashing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These findings further the evidence that nitric oxide promotes human cancer and deepens insights in the complex control Wnt/β-catenin signaling during carcinogenesis. Cancer Res; 73(21); 6526–37. ©2013 AACR.
Immunoglobulin GM Allotypes as Effect Modifiers of Cytomegalovirus-Spurred Neuroblastoma
Authors: Pandey Janardan P. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
An uncommon immunoglobulin GM (γ marker) genotype has been reported to be strongly associated with susceptibility to neuroblastoma, but the mechanism(s) underlying this association is not known. Increasing evidence implicates human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma. HCMV has evolved a large repertoire of sophisticated strategies to evade host immunosurveillance. Particular GM alleles modulate an immunoevasion strategy of HCMV and contribute to humoral immunity to HCMV epitopes, attributes that provide possible mechanistic explanations for their involvement in the etiopathogenesis of neuroblastoma and explain, at least partially, why a common virus causes/spurs an uncommon cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(11); 1927–30. ©2013 AACR.
Consistent and Differential Genetic Aberrations between Esophageal Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Detected By Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization
Authors: Shi Zhi-Zhou , Shang Li , Jiang Yan-Yi , Hao Jia-Jie , Zhang Yu , Zhang Tong-Tong , Lin De-Chen , Liu Shu-Guang , Wang Bo-Shi , Gong Ting , Zhan Qi-Min , Wang Ming-Rong 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Our aim was to identify frequent genomic aberrations in both esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal dysplasia and to discover important copy number-driving genes and microRNAs (miRNA) in ESCC.
Experimental Design: We conducted array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) on 59 ESCC resection samples and 16 dysplasia biopsy samples. Expression of genes at 11q13.3 was analyzed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Integrated analysis was conducted to identify genes or miRNAs with copy number-expression correlations.
Results: Array CGH identified 11 amplifications and eight homozygous deletions in ESCC. Integrated analysis of array CGH data with matched gene expression microarray data showed that 90 overexpressed genes and 24 underexpressed genes were consistent with DNA copy number changes, including 12 copy number-driving miRNAs. In esophageal dysplasia, six gains, four losses, 12 amplifications, and four homozygous deletions were detected. Amplifications of 7p11.2 and 11q13.2–11q13.3 (CCND1) and homozygous deletion at 9p21.3 (CDKN2A) were consistent genomic changes in both dysplasia and carcinoma. ANO1 at 11q13.3 was overexpressed at the mRNA and protein levels in tumors, and higher mRNA expression was correlated with the copy number increase. In particular, ANO1 expression was elevated in moderate dysplasia compared with normal esophageal epithelium. IHC revealed that ANO1 overexpression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stage. Knockdown of ANO1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of KYSE30 and KYSE510 cells.
Conclusion: Copy number aberrations in both esophageal dysplasia and ESCC may be useful as potential biomarkers for early detection. In addition, ANO1 may be a candidate target gene in esophageal tumorigenesis. Clin Cancer Res; 19(21); 5867–78. ©2013 AACR.
Can Stroma Reaction Predict Cancer Lethality?
Authors: Freeman Michael R. , Li Quanlin , Chung Leland W.K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Stromal features in carcinomas may provide a relatively consistent means to stratify patients afflicted with solid tumors. Stroma-derived transcriptome signatures can now be used to make predictions about patient survival, suggesting the potential for their clinical application in precision medicine to predict disease progression and emergence of therapeutic resistance. Clin Cancer Res; 19(18); 4905–7. ©2013 AACR.
Tumor-Secreted LOXL2 Activates Fibroblasts through FAK Signaling
Authors: Barker Holly E. , Bird Demelza , Lang Georgina , Erler Janine T. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance cancer progression when activated by tumor cells through mechanisms not yet fully understood. Blocking mammary tumor cell–derived lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) significantly inhibited mammary tumor cell invasion and metastasis in transgenic and orthotopic mouse models. Here, we discovered that tumor-derived LOXL2 directly activated stromal fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment. Genetic manipulation or antibody inhibition of LOXL2 in orthotopically grown mammary tumors reduced the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Using a marker for reticular fibroblasts, it was determined that expression of α-SMA was localized to fibroblasts recruited from the host tissue. This marker also revealed that the matrix present in tumors with reduced levels of LOXL2 was more scattered compared with control tumors which exhibited matrices with dense, parallel alignments. Importantly, in vitro assays revealed that tumor-derived LOXL2 and a recombinant LOXL2 protein induced fibroblast branching on collagen matrices, as well as increased fibroblast-mediated collagen contraction and invasion of fibroblasts through extracellular matrix. Moreover, LOXL2 induced the expression of α-SMA in fibroblasts grown on collagen matrices. Mechanistically, it was determined that LOXL2 activated fibroblasts through integrin-mediated focal adhesion kinase activation. These results indicate that inhibition of LOXL2 in tumors not only reduces tumor cell invasion but also attenuates the activation of host cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Implications: These findings reveal new insight into the mechanisms of fibroblast activation, a novel function of LOXL2, and further highlight the importance of generating LOXL2-targeted therapies for the prevention of tumor progression and metastasis. Mol Cancer Res; 11(11); 1425–36. ©2013 AACR.