bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Vitamin D Status: A Critical Analysis on the Basis of Evidence-Based Medicine
Authors: Bouillon Roger , Van Schoor Natasja M. , Gielen Evelien , Boonen Steven , Mathieu Chantal , Vanderschueren Dirk , Lips Paul 
Published: August 2013

Context:Public health authorities around the world recommend widely variable supplementation strategies for adults, whereas several professional organizations, including The Endocrine Society, recommend higher supplementation.Methods:We analyzed published randomized controlled clinical trials to define the optimal intake or vitamin D status for bone and extraskeletal health.Conclusions:The extraskeletal effects of vitamin D are plausible as based on preclinical data and observational studies. However, apart from the beneficial effects of 800 IU/d of vitamin D3 for reduction of falls in the elderly, causality remains yet unproven in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The greatest risk for cancer, infections, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels below 20 ng/mL. There is ample evidence from RCTs that calcium and bone homeostasis, estimated from serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and PTH, calcium absorption, or bone mass, can be normalized by 25OHD levels above 20 ng/mL. Moreover, vitamin D supplementation (800 IU/d) in combination with calcium can reduce fracture incidence by about 20%. Such a dose will bring serum levels of 25OHD above 20 ng/mL in nearly all postmenopausal women. Based on calculations of the metabolic clearance of 25OHD, a daily intake of 500–700 IU of vitamin D3 is sufficient to maintain serum 25OHD levels of 20 ng/mL. Therefore, the recommendations for a daily intake of 1500–2000 IU/d or serum 25OHD levels of 30 ng or higher for all adults or elderly subjects, as suggested by The Endocrine Society Task Force, are premature. Fortunately, ongoing RCTs will help to guide us to solve this important public health question.
Surgical Outcomes of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mohammad-Mohammadi Alireza , Recinos Pablo F. , Lee Joung H. , Elson Paul , Barnett Gene H. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is relatively frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and can be extremely disabling. Surgical interventions are less effective for the treatment of MS-related TN compared with classic TN, and higher recurrence rates are observed.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate initial pain-free response (IPFR), duration of pain-free intervals (PFIs), and factors predictive of outcome in different surgical modalities used to treat MS-related TN.

METHODS:
A total of 96 MS patients underwent 277 procedures (range, 1–11 procedures per patient) to treat TN at our institution from 1995 to 2011. Of these, 89 percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomies, 82 balloon compressions, 52 stereotactic radiosurgeries, 28 peripheral neurectomies, 15 percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomies, and 10 microvascular decompressions were performed as upfront or repeat treatments.

RESULTS:
Bilateral pain was observed in 10% of patients during the course of disease. During the follow-up period (median, 5.7 years), recurrence of symptoms was seen in 66% of patients, and 181 procedures were performed for symptom recurrence. As an initial procedure, balloon compression had the highest IPFR (95%; P = .006) and median PFI (28 months; P = .05), followed by percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy (IPFR, 74%, P = .04; median PFI, 9 months; P = .05). In general, repeat procedures had lower effectiveness compared with initial procedures, with no statistically significant difference seen across the various treatment modalities.

CONCLUSION:
Treatment failure occurs in most of the MS-related TN patients independently of the type of treatment. However, balloon compression had the highest rate of IPFR and PFI compared with other modalities in the initial treatment of MS-related TN.
Inferior Short-term Safety Profile of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Compared With Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement for Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Chan Andrew K. , McGovern Robert A. , Zacharia Brad E. , Mikell Charles B. , Bruce Sam S. , Sheehy John Paul , Kelly Kathleen M. , McKhann Guy M. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
In small series, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been shown to potentially have efficacy similar to that of ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Therefore, some clinicians have advocated for ETV to avoid the potential long-term complications associated with VPS. Complication rates for these procedures vary widely based on limited small series data.

OBJECTIVE:
We used a nationwide database that provides a comprehensive investigation of the perioperative safety of ETV for iNPH compared with VPS.

METHODS:
We identified discharges with the primary diagnosis of iNPH (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 331.5 [ICD-9]) with ICD-9 primary procedure codes for VPS (02.34) and ETV (02.2) from 2007 to 2010. We analyzed short-term safety outcomes using univariate and hierarchical logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS:
There were a total of 652 discharges for ETV for iNPH and 12 845 discharges for VPS for iNPH over the study period. ETV was associated with a significantly higher mortality (3.2% vs 0.5%) and short-term complication (17.9% vs 11.8%) rates than VPS despite similar mean modified comorbidity scores. On multivariate analysis, ETV alone predicted increased mortality and increased length of stay when adjusted for other patient and hospital factors.

CONCLUSION:
This is the first study that robustly assesses the perioperative complications and safety outcomes of ETV for iNPH. Compared with VPS, ETV is associated with higher perioperative mortality and complication rates. This consideration is important to weigh against the potential benefit of ETV: avoiding long-term shunt dependence. Prospective, randomized studies are needed.
Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Metastases of Non-neurogenic Origin
Authors: Knafo Steven , Pallud Johan , Le Rhun Emilie , Parker Fabrice , Iakovlev Gueorgui , Roux François-Xavier , Page Philippe , Meder Jean-François , Emery Evelyne , Devaux Bertrand ,   the Club de Neuro-oncologie of the Société Française de Neurochirurgie
Published: August 2013

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Leptomeningeal metastases from carcinoma are still poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE:
To better define the management of unique intradural extramedullary spinal metastases (IESM) from solid cancers of non-neurogenic origin, in particular regarding leptomeningeal metastasis (LM).

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, case-control study including 11 patients with IESM matched with 11 patients with LM. Primary endpoint was overall survival; secondary endpoints were diagnostic criteria and prognostic factors.

RESULTS:
Descriptive analysis showed a clinically significant difference between IESM and LM patients regarding preexisting neurological deficit (45.5% vs 90.1%, P = .06) and malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid (0% vs 54.5%, P = .03). The median overall survival was significantly higher for IESM patients (732 days) than for patients with LM (53 days; P &lt; .0002). Multivariate analysis showed that preexisting neurological deficit was a negative prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio: 10.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.88-102; P = .04), in contrast to functional improvement with treatment (hazard ratio: 0.01; 95% confidence interval: 0.00-0.52; P = .04). We propose the following diagnostic criteria for IESM: (1) a solid lesion located within the intradural extramedullary space, (2) the absence of other leptomeningeal lesion seen on full-spine injected magnetic resonance imaging, (3) the absence of malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid, and (4) a histological confirmation of the metastatic nature of the lesion.

CONCLUSION:
The significant difference in survival between IESM and LM suggests that they are 2 distinct evolutions of the metastatic disease. Distinguishing IESM also has therapeutic consequences because patients can benefit from a focal surgical treatment with functional improvement and extended survival.
Insertion Metathesis Depolymerization of Aromatic Disulfide-containing Dynamic Covalent Polymers under Weak Intensity Photoirradiation
Authors: Ohishi Tomoyuki , Iki Yoko , Imato Keiichi , Higaki Yuji , Takahara Atsushi , Otsuka Hideyuki 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Aromatic disulfide bonds become dynamic in a radical process under weak intensity photoirradiation and can undergo metathesis. Aryl disulfide-containing dynamic covalent polyurethanes were prepared by the polyaddition of disulfide-containing diol and diisocyanate compounds. To determine the dynamic nature of the aryl disulfide-containing polymers, insertion metathesis depolymerization was performed under weak intensity photoirradiation at room temperature. The molecular weights of the dynamic covalent polymers decreased as the irradiation time increased.
Bases of Russian Statehood Centuries-Old Stability
Authors: Гайнутдинова  , Gaynutdinova Lyudmila 
Published: August 2013

In this paper devoted to 1150-year anniversary of the Russian
statehood, the bases of its centuries-old stability are analyzed. There are following key factors of this stability: centuries-old expansion of borders due to extremely adverse foreign policy context; mobilization type of political system development for achievement the extraordinary purposes by extraordinary means; absolute monarchy as political system that proved to be capable to carry out a complex of drastic military and bureaucratic measures; acceptance of Orthodoxy which has become a basis of Russian identity as well as political and ideological basis of Russian statehood.
Adherence to Nice Guidelines on Recall Intervals and the FGDP(UK) Selection Criteria for Dental Radiography
Authors: Drage Nicholas A , Davies Kristian JM 
Published: August 2013

Aim The study investigated adherence of GDPs to National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines on recall intervals and the FGDP(UK)'s Selection Criteria for Dental Radiography. It also explored any factors that might influence GDPs’ compliance with the guidelines. Method A previously piloted questionnaire was circulated to all GDPs within the district of the Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (UHB). The questionnaire sought demographic data as well as answers to questions relating to compliance with guidelines. Results Of 215 questionnaires, 133 (61.9%) were returned. One hundred a nd thirty (97.7%) respondents were familiar with NICE recall guidelines and 112 (84.2%) were familiar with the FGDP(UK) publication Selection Criteria for Dental Radiography. Thirty six (27.7%) ‘always’ followed the NICE recall guidelines and, overall, 108 (81.8%) ‘always or mostly’ followed the guidance. Fifty one (38.6%) respondents ‘always’ carried out a caries risk assessment for adult patients and 57 (43.5%) ‘always’ carried out a caries risk assessment for child patients. Seventy nine (59.8%) reported that they ‘always or mostly’ recorded the patient's disease risk category in the notes. Fifty two (39.7%) respondents ‘always’ took bitewing radiographs that corresponded to disease risk. Overall, however, 119 GDPs (90.8%) ‘always or mostly’ took bitewing radiographs at appropriate intervals according to disease risk. Bitewing radiographs for new adult patients were prescribed more often for new child patients. The dentist's length of experience, NHS commitment, country of graduation, access to digital radiography or panoramic machines, receipt of any postgraduate qualifications or involvement in dental foundation training were proven not to have any statistically significant association with adherence to NICE or FGDP(UK) guidelines. Conclusions Most dentists are familiar with NICE guidelines on recall intervals and the FGDP(UK)'s Selection Criteria for Dental Radiography. The number of dentists who always comply with these sets of guidance is low. None of the variables investigated were shown to have any statistically significant association with adherence to these guidelines.
Improvement of dimensional stability of wood by in situ synthesis of organo-montmorillonite: preparation and properties of modified Southern pine wood
Authors: Wang Wang , Zhu Yuan , Cao Jinzhen , Liu Ru 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Southern pine (Pinus spp.) wood was impregnated sequentially with sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT; in concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 4%) and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (in a concentration of 2%) in a two-step method to form organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) inside the wood. The impregnated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses. Moreover, the water absorption, anti-swelling efficiency, compression strength, and surface hardness of the modified samples were investigated. In the first step, wood is impregnated with Na-MMT, and in the second step, Na-MMT is transformed to OMMT by in situ synthesis and the silicate layers of the clay are intercalated into the cell wall. As a result, the dimensional stability of the modified wood was improved as a function of increased clay concentration. The compression strength and surface hardness of OMMT-modified wood were also improved greatly compared with the untreated control.
Enzyme-substrate complexes of the quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase from Corynebacterium glutamicum enable new insights in substrate and cofactor binding, specificity, and discrimination
Authors: Höppner Astrid , Schomburg Dietmar , Niefind Karsten 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Quinate dehydrogenase (QDH) catalyzes the reversible oxidation of quinate to 3-dehydroquinate by nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and is involved in the catabolic quinate metabolism required for the degradation of lignin. The enzyme is a member of the family of shikimate/quinate dehydrogenases (SDH/QDH) occurring in bacteria and plants. We characterized the dual-substrate quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase (QSDH) from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CglQSDH) kinetically and revealed a clear substrate preference of CglQSDH for quinate compared with shikimate both at the pH optimum and in a physiological pH range, which is a remarkable contrast to closely related SDH/QDH enzymes. With respect to the cosubstrate, CglQSDH is strictly NAD(H) dependent. These substrate and cosubstrate profiles correlate well with the details of three atomic resolution crystal structures of CglQSDH in different functional states we report here: with bound NAD+ (binary complex) and as ternary complexes with NADH plus either shikimate or quinate. The CglQSDH-NADH-quinate structure is the first complex structure of any member of the SDH/QDH family with quinate. Based on this novel structural information and systematic sequence and structure comparisons with closely related enzymes, we can explain the strict NAD(H) dependency of CglQSDH as well as its discrimination between shikimate and quinate.
Role of Joule Heating in Electro-Assisted Processes: A Boundary Layer Approach for Rectangular Electrodes
Authors: Oyanader Mario A. , Arce Pedro E. , Bolden James D. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
An analysis for boundary layer flows caused by natural convection due to heat generation caused by the Joule heating effect is presented. The integral approximation approach developed by Von Karman is used to model the boundary layer flow in the system. Effects of the heat generation on temperature and velocity profiles as well as on the boundary layer thickness are discussed, and their implication for possible convective mixing effects near the electrode region is highlighted. These are important pieces of information when designing applications in electrokinetic remediation and separation of biomolecules.
The relative/indefinite theme: from Hittite enclitic position to the SC de Cn. Pisone patre
Authors: Calboli Gualtiero 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn Hittite (habitually), in Vedic and Sanskrit (very frequently), in Greek and Latin (sometimes) a relative/indefinite theme is placed in an enclitic position after the referred noun, e.g., Virg. Aen. 1,573Subordination is a topic of many papers and books produced in recent years, nevertheless the key point of the relationship coordination∼subordination as well as of other types of linking calls for further refinements. There are points still remaining relatively unexplored, namely the enclitic position of the relative theme (better to say of the *Without rejecting different methods of linguistic explanation such as transformational grammar, typological and functional approaches, cross-linguistic analysis, or Asymmetry Assumption, I think that we must explore the collected data more in depth. In this sense I would like to show that at least three steps may be distinguished in the syntactic use of the relative/indefinite theme: firstly, the use of an enclitic to produce a kind of clause; secondly, an introduction of a couple of clauses, the first of which is considered a relative clause; thirdly, its use as an adjective similar to the use we meet in classical Latin. It is however not excluded that other steps took place and were overwhelmed; at any rate it is presupposed that “there are languages that at a certain stage in their history, do not have any specific construction for the expression of particular cognitive relations between States of Affairs” (S. Cristofaro 2004: 49).Anyhow we must start from the enclitic relative(-indefinite) pronoun after excluding the
The ben1-1 Brassinosteroid-Catabolism Mutation Is Unstable Due to Epigenetic Modifications of the Intronic T-DNA Insertion
Authors: Sandhu Kulbir Singh , Koirala Pushpa Sharma , Neff Michael M 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Loss-of-function genetic analysis plays a pivotal role in elucidating individual gene function as well as interactions among gene networks. The ease of gene tagging and cloning provided by transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertion mutants have led to their heavy use by the Arabidopsis research community. However, certain aspects of T-DNA alleles require caution, as highlighted in this study of an intronic insertion mutant (ben1-1) in the BEN1 (BRI1-5 ENHANCED 1) gene. As a part of our analysis of brassinosteroid catabolic enzymes, we generated a genetic triple-mutant from a cross between the bas1-2 sob7-1 double-null (T-DNA exonic insertion mutants of phyB-4 ACTIVATION TAGGED SUPPRESSOR 1 and SUPPRESSOR OF phyB-4 7) and ben1-1. As previously described, the single ben1-1 line behaves as a transcript null. However, in the triple-mutant background ben1-1 was reverted to a partial loss-of-function allele showing enhanced levels of the wild-type-spliced transcript. Interestingly, the enhanced expression of BEN1 remained stable when the ben1-1 single-mutant was reisolated from a cross with the wild type. In addition, the two genetically identical pretriple and posttriple ben1-1 mutants also differed phenotypically. The previously functional NPTII (NEOMYCIN PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE II) T-DNA marker gene (which encodes kanamycin resistance) was no longer functional in the recovered ben1-1 allele, though the length of the T-DNA insertion and the NPTII gene sequence did not change in the pretriple and posttriple ben1-1 mutants. Methylation analysis using both restriction endonuclease activity and bisulfite conversion followed by sequencing showed that the methylation status of the T-DNA is different between the original and the recovered ben1-1. These observations demonstrate that the recovered ben1-1 mutant is epigenetically different from the original ben1-1 allele.
Yeast hEST1A/B (SMG5/6)–Like Proteins Contribute to Environment-Sensing Adaptive Gene Expression Responses
Authors: Lai Xianning , Beilharz Traude , Au Wei-Chun , Hammet Andrew , Preiss Thomas , Basrai Munira A , Heierhorst Jörg 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDuring its natural life cycle, budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has to adapt to drastically changing environments, but how environmental-sensing pathways are linked to adaptive gene expression changes remains incompletely understood. Here, we describe two closely related yeast hEST1A-B (SMG5-6)–like proteins termed Esl1 and Esl2 that contain a 14-3-3–like domain and a putative PilT N-terminus ribonuclease domain. We found that, unlike their metazoan orthologs, Esl1 and Esl2 were not involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay or telomere maintenance pathways. However, in genome-wide expression array analyses, absence of Esl1 and Esl2 led to more than two-fold deregulation of ∼50 transcripts, most of which were expressed inversely to the appropriate metabolic response to environmental nutrient supply; for instance, normally glucose-repressed genes were derepressed in esl1Δ esl2Δ double mutants during growth in a high-glucose environment. Likewise, in a genome-wide synthetic gene array screen, esl1Δ esl2Δ double mutants were synthetic sick with null mutations for Rim8 and Dfg16, which form the environmental-sensing complex of the Rim101 pH response gene expression pathway. Overall, these results suggest that Esl1 and Esl2 contribute to the regulation of adaptive gene expression responses of environmental sensing pathways.
FlyPrimerBank: An Online Database for Drosophila melanogaster Gene Expression Analysis and Knockdown Evaluation of RNAi Reagents
Authors: Hu Yanhui , Sopko Richelle , Foos Marianna , Kelley Colleen , Flockhart Ian , Ammeux Noemie , Wang Xiaowei , Perkins Lizabeth , Perrimon Norbert , Mohr Stephanie E 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The evaluation of specific endogenous transcript levels is important for understanding transcriptional regulation. More specifically, it is useful for independent confirmation of results obtained by the use of microarray analysis or RNA-seq and for evaluating RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene knockdown. Designing specific and effective primers for high-quality, moderate-throughput evaluation of transcript levels, i.e., quantitative, real-time PCR (qPCR), is nontrivial. To meet community needs, predefined qPCR primer pairs for mammalian genes have been designed and sequences made available, e.g., via PrimerBank. In this work, we adapted and refined the algorithms used for the mammalian PrimerBank to design 45,417 primer pairs for 13,860 Drosophila melanogaster genes, with three or more primer pairs per gene. We experimentally validated primer pairs for ~300 randomly selected genes expressed in early Drosophila embryos, using SYBR Green-based qPCR and sequence analysis of products derived from conventional PCR. All relevant information, including primer sequences, isoform specificity, spatial transcript targeting, and any available validation results and/or user feedback, is available from an online database (www.flyrnai.org/flyprimerbank). At FlyPrimerBank, researchers can retrieve primer information for fly genes either one gene at a time or in batch mode. Importantly, we included the overlap of each predicted amplified sequence with RNAi reagents from several public resources, making it possible for researchers to choose primers suitable for knockdown evaluation of RNAi reagents (i.e., to avoid amplification of the RNAi reagent itself). We demonstrate the utility of this resource for validation of RNAi reagents in vivo.