bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear interfacial wave formation in three dimensions
Authors: Grue John 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA three-dimensional two-layer, fully dispersive and strongly nonlinear interfacial wave model, including the interaction with a time-varying bottom topography, is developed. The method is based on a set of integral equations. The source and dipole terms are developed in series expansions in the vertical excursions of the interface and bottom topography, obtaining explicit inversion by Fourier transform. Calculations of strongly nonlinear interfacial waves with excursions comparable to the thinner layer depth show that the quadratic approximation of the method contains the essential dynamics, while the additional cubic terms always are small. Computations confirm the onset of wave train formation driven by topography, observed in experiments (Maxworthy, J. Geophys. Res., vol. 84(C1), 1979, pp. 338–346), depending on the Froude number and the topography height. Simulations of tidally driven three-dimensional internal wave formation show the formation of two wave trains per half tidal cycle for strong forcing and one wave train for weak forcing. Waves of both backward and forward curvature are calculated.
Effects of dietaryn-6:n-3 PUFA ratio on fatty acid composition, free amino acid profile and gene expression of transporters in finishing pigs
Authors: Li Fengna , Duan Yehui , Li Yinghui , Tang Yulong , Geng Meimei , Oladele Oso Abimbola , Kim Sung Woo , Yin Yulong 
Published: February 2015

Revealing the expression patterns of fatty acid and amino acid transporters as affected by dietaryn-6:n-3 PUFA ratio would be useful for further clarifying the importance of the balance betweenn-6 andn-3 PUFA. A total of ninety-six finishing pigs were fed one of four diets with the ratio of 1:1, 2·5:1, 5:1 and 10:1. Pigs fed the dietaryn-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 5:1 had the highest (P< 0·05) daily weight gain, and those fed the dietaryn-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 1:1 had the largest loin muscle area (P< 0·01). The concentration ofn-3 PUFA was raised as the ratio declined (P< 0·05) in the longissimus dorsi and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The contents of tryptophan, tasty amino acids and branched-chain amino acids in the longissimus dorsi were enhanced in pigs fed the dietaryn-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1–5:1. The mRNA expression level of the fatty acid transporter fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP-1) was declined (P< 0·05) in the longissimus dorsi of pigs fed the dietaryn-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1–5:1, and increased (P< 0·05) in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs fed the dietaryn-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 5:1 and 10:1. The expression profile ofFATP-4was similar to those ofFATP-1in the adipose tissue. The mRNA expression level of the amino acid transceptorsLAT1andSNAT2was up-regulated (P< 0·05) in the longissimus dorsi of pigs fed the dietaryn-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1 and 2·5:1. In conclusion, maintaining the dietaryn-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1–5:1 would facilitate the absorption and utilisation of fatty acids and free amino acids, and result in improved muscle and adipose composition.
New technique for laryngomicrosurgery: narrow band imaging-assisted video-laryngomicrosurgery for laryngeal papillomatosis
Authors: Adachi K , Umezaki T , Kiyohara H , Komune S 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjective:In the present report, we describe the use of narrow band imaging during video-laryngomicrosurgery for laryngeal papillomatosis.Case report:It is difficult to peri-operatively locate all the superficial papillomatous lesions when the disease is widespread, which then results in tumor recurrence. Therefore, we have constructed a narrow band imaging video-laryngomicrosurgery system, which we have used for two cases of laryngeal papillomatosis.Conclusion:Our narrow band imaging-assisted video-laryngomicrosurgery system to visualise superficial laryngeal papillomatosis more clearly.
Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx operated by trans-oral and trans-palatal approach
Authors: Nakashima T , Yasumatsu R , Yamauchi M , Toh S , Nakano T , Yamamoto H , Komune S 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground:Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma is a rare minor salivary gland neoplasm. The treatment of choice is surgical resection with or without post-operative radiotherapy. This tumour often demonstrates a good prognosis.Case report:We report a case of hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma arising in the nasopharynx. A 27-year-old female presented with progressive hearing disturbance and tinnitus. On examination, an expansile mass was observed in her nasopharynx. Biopsy was performed and the pathology results returned as clear cell carcinoma.Results and conclusion:Surgical resection was performed trans-orally accompanied by trans-palatal approach. She has no recurrence during more than two years of follow up.
How do baby boomers' mobility patterns change with retirement?
Authors: SIREN ANU , HAUSTEIN SONJA 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBaby boomers will comprise a considerable share of tomorrow's older population. Previous research has indicated higher travel activity and car use amongst baby boomers than amongst older cohorts. However, little evidence exists on the effects of boomers' ageing on the transportation system. To analyse how retirement affects baby boomers' travel and the related future travel demand, we compared three groups, distinguished by employment status as ‘still working’, ‘early retirees’ and ‘recent retirees’, in a longitudinal setting. Data for 864 individuals were collected via standardised telephone interviews in 2009 and 2012. We find a clear tendency towards reducing the car use and mileage over time and as a consequence of retirement. Nevertheless, car use for leisure purposes increased after retirement. Whilst retirement had a bigger impact on men's than on women's car use, those women who continued working had a high car reliance that did not decline over time. This study suggests that retirement is a transition point associated with decreasing car use. Hence, the ageing of the population is likely to have a decreasing effect on transportation demand. However, informal care-giving, prolonged careers and atypical working life, boomer women's changing professional roles, and the emergence of leisure and consumption as major cultural and social frameworks of the third age are likely to make this transition different than observed in previous cohorts.
Musics of ‘The Other’: Creating musical identities and overcoming cultural boundaries in Australian music education
Authors: Cain Melissa 
Published: February 2015

The binary opposition between ‘own music’ and ‘other's music’ is the ‘result of deep conditioning’ (Drummond, 2010, p. 118) and is almost impossible to overcome.By exploring the underlying constructs that influence students’ and teachers’ perceptions of minority cultures and their musics, this paper explores the notion of ‘the other’ in Australian music education. In particular, how the many factors which play a role in cultural identity serve to both promote and prevent musical understanding and appreciation. An examination of Australian multicultural policy and music curriculum documents in the state of Queensland provides a foundation for the discussion of data obtained from interviews with teachers from state and private primary schools in the capital Brisbane. The results reveal that while music educators are generally inquisitive about incorporating musics of ‘other’ cultures into their lessons, they are less comfortable with crossing cultural boundaries, and do not wish to threaten the position of Australia's own musical culture – ultimately highlighting a disconnect between policy, rhetoric and practice in the area of culturally diverse music education in classrooms today.
Bids for joint attention by parent–child dyads and by dyads of young peers in interaction
Authors: NINIO ANAT 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBefore they are 3;0–3;6, children typically do not engage with peers in focused interaction, although they do with adults. With parents, children interact around the ‘here-and-now’. We hypothesize that young peers do not attempt to establish joint attention to present objects. Using the CHILDES database, we compared attention-directives produced by parents to children, children to peers, and children to parents. Of 391 English-speaking parents, 88% generated attention-directives, mostlyLook!, See!,andWatch!Of 15 children (2;10–3;7) engaging in dyadic peer-interaction, only 26% produced such utterances. By comparison, 62% of 268 children (1;2–3;3) addressed such directives to parents. Interaction with peers in young children does not involve joint attention to a shared environmental focus, although it does with parents. The reason may be pragmatic: shared attention in parent–child dyads is a means to get information or help; it may seem pointless for a child to address such directives to a peer.
Two-stage Localisation Scheme Using a Small-scale Linear Microphone Array for Indoor Environments
Authors: Jiang Wuyang , Pei Ling , Xu Changqing , Chen Liang , Yu Wenxian 
Published: February 2015

The small-scale linear microphone arrays that are widely found in smartphones could be used to locate a sound source for indoor environments. After the Time Differences Of Arrival (TDOAs) in microphone pairs are estimated, a TDOA-based hybrid localisation scheme is proposed for a small-scale linear microphone array. The scheme contains two stages: the initialisation stage using the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, and the refining solution stage using the Weighted Least-Square (WLS) algorithm or the Multi-Dimensional Scaling-based (MDS) algorithm. Simulations and field tests show that the proposed indoor localisation scheme outperforms the existing schemes, and it can achieve an average error of 0·32 metres in an 8 m by 5 m area.
Sustenance and sustainability: maximizing the impact of school gardens on health outcomes
Authors: Davis Jaimie N , Spaniol Mackenzie R , Somerset Shawn 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveSchool garden programmes have become popular action-oriented learning environments in many countries, often driven by converging priorities of environmental sustainability and healthful diets. Many of these programmes have assessed the impact on dietary intake, specifically fruit and vegetable intake, and related dietary behaviours, such as knowledge, preference, motivation, intention and self-efficacy to eat and prepare fruit and vegetables. The objective of the present study was twofold: (i) to review published garden-based programmes conducted in schools targeting dietary intake and/or determinants of dietary behaviour in children; and (ii) to identify similar strategies and components employed by these garden-based programmes.DesignThe review included thirteen studies that have examined the impact of garden-based programmes conducted in school, either during school hours or in after-school settings, on dietary behaviours in children (kindergarten through 8th grade students).ResultsThree of the reviewed studies did not have a comparison or control group and simply evaluated within-group changes after a garden intervention. None of the reviewed studies were randomized, but were assigned based on school’s interest and timing of new school gardens being built. Out of the eleven programmes that examined dietary intake, six found that the programme resulted in increased vegetable intake, whereas four showed no effect. Seven of the eight studies that measured preference found that the programmes resulted in increased preference for vegetables. Gardening programmes also resulted in improved attitudes towards, willingness to taste, identification of and self-efficacy to prepare/cook fruit and vegetables. Similar strategies/components employed by the majority of the programmes included: ‘hands on’ curriculum, incorporation of a cooking component, providing the instructors, parental and stakeholder support, food provision and using the garden as the focal point for media promotion.ConclusionsSome of the garden programmes resulted in increased vegetable intake, which has positive implications for both environment sustainability and health-related outcomes. Further, the majority resulted in some improvement in behaviour determinants more generally. However, more research is warranted to understand how to achieve long-term improvements in dietary behaviours and how to sustain the garden-based programmes in schools.
A treelet transform analysis to relate nutrient patterns to the risk of hormonal receptor-defined breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Authors: Assi Nada , Moskal Aurelie , Slimani Nadia , Viallon Vivian , Chajes Veronique , Freisling Heinz , Monni Stefano , Knueppel Sven , Förster Jana , Weiderpass Elisabete , Lujan-Barroso Leila , Amiano Pilar , Ardanaz Eva , Molina-Montes Esther , Salmerón Diego , Quirós José Ramón , Olsen Anja , Tjønneland Anne , Dahm Christina C , Overvad Kim , Dossus Laure , Fournier Agnès , Baglietto Laura , Fortner Renee Turzanski , Kaaks Rudolf , Trichopoulou Antonia , Bamia Christina , Orfanos Philippos , De Magistris Maria Santucci , Masala Giovanna , Agnoli Claudia , Ricceri Fulvio , Tumino Rosario , Bueno de Mesquita H Bas , Bakker Marije F , Peeters Petra HM , Skeie Guri , Braaten Tonje , Winkvist Anna , Johansson Ingegerd , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nicholas J , Key Tim , Travis Ruth , Schmidt Julie A , Merritt Melissa A , Riboli Elio , Romieu Isabelle , Ferrari Pietro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectivePattern analysis has emerged as a tool to depict the role of multiple nutrients/foods in relation to health outcomes. The present study aimed at extracting nutrient patterns with respect to breast cancer (BC) aetiology.DesignNutrient patterns were derived with treelet transform (TT) and related to BC risk. TT was applied to twenty-three log-transformed nutrient densities from dietary questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals computed using Cox proportional hazards models quantified the association between quintiles of nutrient pattern scores and risk of overall BC, and by hormonal receptor and menopausal status. Principal component analysis was applied for comparison.SettingThe European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).SubjectsWomen (n334 850) from the EPIC study.ResultsThe first TT component (TC1) highlighted a pattern rich in nutrients found in animal foods loading on cholesterol, protein, retinol, vitamins B12and D, while the second TT component (TC2) reflected a diet rich in β-carotene, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamins C and B6, fibre, Fe, Ca, K, Mg, P and folate. While TC1 was not associated with BC risk, TC2 was inversely associated with BC risk overall (HRQ5v. Q1=0·89, 95 % CI 0·83, 0·95,Ptrend<0·01) and showed a significantly lower risk in oestrogen receptor-positive (HRQ5v. Q1=0·89, 95 % CI 0·81, 0·98,Ptrend=0·02) and progesterone receptor-positive tumours (HRQ5v. Q1=0·87, 95 % CI 0·77, 0·98,Ptrend<0·01).ConclusionsTT produces readily interpretable sparse components explaining similar amounts of variation as principal component analysis. Our results suggest that participants with a nutrient pattern high in micronutrients found in vegetables, fruits and cereals had a lower risk of BC.
Socio-economic differences in predictors of frequent dairy food consumption among Australian adolescents: a longitudinal study
Authors: Stephens Lena D , McNaughton Sarah A , Crawford David , Ball Kylie 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveSufficient dairy food consumption during adolescence is necessary for preventing disease. While socio-economically disadvantaged adolescents tend to consume few dairy foods, some eat quantities more in line with dietary recommendations despite socio-economic challenges. Socio-economic variations in factors supportive of adolescents’ frequent dairy consumption remain unexplored. The present study aimed to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between intrapersonal, social and environmental factors and adolescents’ frequent dairy consumption at baseline and two years later across socio-economic strata, and to examine whether socio-economic position moderated observed effects.DesignOnline surveys completed at baseline (2004–2005) and follow-up (2006–2007) included a thirty-eight-item FFQ and questions based on social ecological models examining intrapersonal, social and environmental dietary influences.SettingThirty-seven secondary schools in Victoria, Australia.SubjectsAustralian adolescents (n1201) aged 12–15 years, drawn from a sub-sample of 3264 adolescents (response rate=33 %).ResultsWhile frequent breakfast consumption was cross-sectionally associated with frequent dairy consumption among all adolescents, additional associated factors differed by socio-economic position. Baseline dairy consumption longitudinally predicted consumption at follow-up. No further factors predicted frequent consumption among disadvantaged adolescents, while four additional factors were predictive among advantaged adolescents. Socio-economic position moderated two predictors; infrequently eating dinner alone and never purchasing from school vending machines predicted frequent consumption among advantaged adolescents.ConclusionsNutrition promotion initiatives aimed at improving adolescents’ dairy consumption should employ multifactorial approaches informed by social ecological models and address socio-economic differences in influences on eating behaviours; e.g. selected intrapersonal factors among all adolescents and social factors (e.g. mealtime rules) among advantaged adolescents.
Investigation on vitamin D knowledge, attitude and practice of university students in Nanjing, China
Authors: Zhou Ming , Zhuang Weiwei , Yuan Yunyun , Li Zhong , Cai Yunqing 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate university students’ knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) regarding vitamin D.DesignThe students were requested to answer a questionnaire related to vitamin D and sun exposure. The consumption frequency of foods rich in vitamin D was assessed. Additionally, the intake of vitamin D-containing supplements was recorded.SettingA medical university in Nanjing, China.SubjectsFive hundred and fifteen medical students were included.ResultsThe highest rate of correct responses for the quiz was 68·0 %, while the lowest was 9·6 %. Most students lacked sun exposure because they did not want to get tanned; 82·7 % of students used some sun protection and sunscreen use was more popular in the female group. The consumption frequency of foods rich in vitamin D was low and 5·6 % of the students used vitamin D supplements. The students’ knowledge on vitamin D was derived mainly from the media and health professionals. Most of the students were interested to know more about vitamin D.ConclusionsThe present study suggested that medical students had little knowledge and unfavourable behaviours. They should get more health education through the media and health professionals. It is advisable to increase their consumption of foods rich in vitamin D.
Volatile signalling by sesquiterpenes from ectomycorrhizal fungi reprogrammes root architecture
Authors: Ditengou Franck A. , Müller Anna , Rosenkranz Maaria , Felten Judith , Lasok Hanna , van Doorn Maja Miloradovic , Legué Valerie , Palme Klaus , Schnitzler Jörg-Peter , Polle Andrea 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe mutualistic association of roots with ectomycorrhizal fungi promotes plant health and is a hallmark of boreal and temperate forests worldwide. In the pre-colonization phase, before direct contact, lateral root (LR) production is massively stimulated, yet little is known about the signals exchanged during this step. Here, we identify sesquiterpenes (SQTs) as biologically active agents emitted by Laccaria bicolor while interacting with Populus or Arabidopsis. We show that inhibition of fungal SQT production by lovastatin strongly reduces LR proliferation and that (–)-thujopsene, a low-abundance SQT, is sufficient to stimulate LR formation in the absence of the fungus. Further, we show that the ectomycorrhizal ascomycote, Cenococcum geophilum, which cannot synthesize SQTs, does not promote LRs. We propose that the LR-promoting SQT signal creates a win-win situation by enhancing the root surface area for plant nutrient uptake and by improving fungal access to plant-derived carbon via root exudates.
Cyclic stretching of soft substrates induces spreading and growth
Authors: Cui Yidan , Hameed Feroz M. , Yang Bo , Lee Kyunghee , Pan Catherine Qiurong , Park Sungsu , Sheetz Michael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn the body, soft tissues often undergo cycles of stretching and relaxation that may affect cell behaviour without changing matrix rigidity. To determine whether transient forces can substitute for a rigid matrix, we stretched soft pillar arrays. Surprisingly, 1–5% cyclic stretching over a frequency range of 0.01–10 Hz caused spreading and stress fibre formation (optimum 0.1 Hz) that persisted after 4 h of stretching. Similarly, stretching increased cell growth rates on soft pillars comparative to rigid substrates. Of possible factors linked to fibroblast growth, MRTF-A (myocardin-related transcription factor-A) moved to the nucleus in 2 h of cyclic stretching and reversed on cessation; but YAP (Yes-associated protein) moved much later. Knockdown of either MRTF-A or YAP blocked stretch-dependent growth. Thus, we suggest that the repeated pulling from a soft matrix can substitute for a stiff matrix in stimulating spreading, stress fibre formation and growth.
Diversity in gut bacterial community of school-age children in Asia
Authors: Nakayama Jiro , Watanabe Koichi , Jiang Jiahui , Matsuda Kazunori , Chao Shiou-Huei , Haryono Pri , La-ongkham Orawan , Sarwoko Martinus-Agus , Sujaya I. Nengah , Zhao Liang , Chen Kang-Ting , Chen Yen-Po , Chiu Hsueh-Hui , Hidaka Tomoko , Huang Ning- Xin , Kiyohara Chikako , Kurakawa Takashi , Sakamoto Naoshige , Sonomoto Kenji , Tashiro Kousuke , Tsuji Hirokazu , Chen Ming-Ju , Leelavatcharamas Vichai , Liao Chii-Cherng , Nitisinprasert Sunee , Rahayu Endang S. , Ren Fa-Zheng , Tsai Ying-Chieh , Lee Yuan-Kun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAsia differs substantially among and within its regions populated by diverse ethnic groups, which maintain their own respective cultures and dietary habits. To address the diversity in their gut microbiota, we characterized the bacterial community in fecal samples obtained from 303 school-age children living in urban or rural regions in five countries spanning temperate and tropical areas of Asia. The microbiota profiled for the 303 subjects were classified into two enterotype-like clusters, each driven by Prevotella (P-type) or Bifidobacterium/Bacteroides (BB-type), respectively. Majority in China, Japan and Taiwan harbored BB-type, whereas those from Indonesia and Khon Kaen in Thailand mainly harbored P-type. The P-type microbiota was characterized by a more conserved bacterial community sharing a greater number of type-specific phylotypes. Predictive metagenomics suggests higher and lower activity of carbohydrate digestion and bile acid biosynthesis, respectively, in P-type subjects, reflecting their high intake of diets rich in resistant starch. Random-forest analysis classified their fecal species community as mirroring location of resident country, suggesting eco-geographical factors shaping gut microbiota. In particular, children living in Japan harbored a less diversified microbiota with high abundance of Bifidobacterium and less number of potentially pathogenic bacteria, which may reflect their living environment and unique diet.