bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESENVOLVIMENTO E VALIDAÇÃO DE MÉTODO ESPECTROFOTOMÉTRICO PARA DETERMINAÇÃO QUANTITATIVA DO ANTIRRETROVIRAL TENOFOVIR
Authors: Alexandrino Thaís Dolfini , Almeida Mariana Bortholazzi , Rabito Mirela Fulgencio , Madeira Tiago Bervelieri , Acquaro Junior Vinicius Ricardo , Nixdorf Suzana Lucy , Fregonezi-Nery Marlene Maria 
Published: September 2014

O fumarato de tenofovir desoproxila (TDF), pró-fármaco oral, pertencente à classe dos inibidores da transcriptase reversa análogos de nucleosídeos (ITRNs). Os ITRNs destacam-se como terapêutica de primeira linha contra a infecção pelo HIV-1, sendo o TDF um dentre os produzidos no Brasil. Visando uma produção de medicamentos que assegure o cumprimento de padrões de qualidade, garantindo eficácia e segurança, o controle de qualidade dos produtos farmacêuticos necessita de métodos analíticos validados. Com esse objetivo, um método espectrofotométrico para a determinação quantitativa do FTD na matéria-prima e comprimidos utilizando HCl 0,10 mol L-1 como solvente a 258 nm foi desenvolvido e validado. Não houve interferência dos excipientes e revestimento testados. A curva de calibração, obtida a partir da relação absorvância versus concentração, mostrou-se linear na faixa de 4,00 a 38,00 mg mL-1 apresentando Equação da reta (y= 0.0213x + 0.0271) com coeficiente de determinação de 0,995. A exatidão média do método para três níveis de concentração foi de 99,0% (DPR=0,66 %) com precisão repetitividade e intermediária adequadas (DPR<5%) e limites de detecção de 2,52 mg mL-1 e de quantificação de 8,70 mg mL-1. Assim, este método constitui uma ferramenta analítica importante, por ser simples, sendo útil para o controle de qualidade do antirretroviral tenofovir, já que esse é um dos medicamentos mais caro do esquema terapêutico, distribuído gratuitamente no Brasil para portadores do vírus da AIDS e da Hepatite B.
CADEIA DE CUSTÓDIA: UMA ABORDAGEM PRELIMINAR
Authors: LOPES M. , GABRIEL Maria Madalena , BARETA G. M. S. 
Published: September 2014

A Cadeia de Custódia é um processo usado para manter e documentar a história cronológica da evidência, para garantir a idoneidade e o rastreamento das evidências utilizadas em processos judiciais. O objetivo deste artigo, ao fazer uma abordagem preliminar, é conceituar e caracterizar a importância da Cadeia de Custódia na área de análises toxicológicas forenses.
VALIDAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIA ANALÍTICA PARA QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE PIROXICAM EM CÁPSULAS DE GELATINA POR ESPECTROFOTOMETRIA ULTRAVIOLETA (UV)
Authors: PEREIRA Aline , SCHESHOWITSCH Karin , CRUZ Ariane , SILVA Marcos Antonio Segatto , STULZER Hellen Karine 
Published: September 2014

A validação é essencial para definir se uma metodologia desenvolvida está completamente adequada aos objetivos a que se destina, a fim de se obter resultados confiáveis que possam ser satisfatoriamente interpretados. Além disso, pode ser considerada um dos principais instrumentos de garantia da qualidade. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de especificidade, seletividade, limite de quantificação, linearidade, intervalo, precisão (repetibilidade e precisão intermediária) e exatidão. A linearidade apresentou coeficiente de correlação igual a 0,99975 no intervalo de 2– 8 µg/mL. Os excipientes contidos na formulação não são absorvidos no comprimento de onda utilizado, não interferindo assim na análise e quantificação da substância ativa. A quantificação de piroxicam em cápsulas de gelatina através de espectrofotometria UV no comprimento de 333 nm foi aprovada em todos os parâmetros analisados, sendo portanto, devidamente validada.
A PRÁTICA DA ATENÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA NAS FARMÁCIAS COMUNITÁRIAS DE CURITIBA
Authors: TORRES Deborah Guiss , MONTRUCCHIO Deise Prehs 
Published: September 2014

A Atenção Farmacêutica é uma prática profissional relativamente nova, que tem como foco principal o paciente e a melhoria de sua qualidade de vida. Este estudo procurou analisar como se dá a prática da Atenção Farmacêutica na cidade de Curitiba, Paraná, levando às farmácias um caso simulado de potencial interação alimento-fármaco resultando em diminuição da dose do fármaco absorvida, causando efeito clínico indesejável por dose insuficiente de medicamento. Este pretenso paciente visitou quarenta farmácias da cidade de Curitiba no período de julho a setembro de 2006, solicitando orientações ao trabalhador que lhe atendia. Também foi objeto de estudo a presença ou não do farmacêutico na farmácia e sua visibilidade ao usuário como profissional da saúde: das quarenta farmácias visitadas, oito farmacêuticos apareceram prestando atendimento ao pretenso paciente. Houve uma baixa freqüência de atendimentos onde os trabalhadores destas farmácias deram respostas que do ponto de vista da Atenção Farmacêutica seriam desejáveis, ou que oferecessem Serviços Farmacêuticos, como Dispensação e Orientação Farmacêutica, Educação em Saúde ou Acompanhamento Farmacoterapêutico, e o foco principal foi na maioria, o medicamento. Também se verificou que não se procede a nenhum registro dos atendimentos nas farmácias curitibanas.
O PAPEL DO FARMACÊUTICO NA ORIENTAÇÃO DA OBESIDADE
Authors: BORSATO DEBORA MARIA , ZANETTI CARINA CHEIDA , KALEGARI MILENA , ZANIN SANDRA MARIA W. , MIGUEL MARILIS DALLARMI 
Published: September 2014

Atualmente a obesidade é tratada como um problema de saúde pública que pode levar a uma série de outras patologias. Ela vem sendo objeto de estudo no mundo todo, e várias causas podem ser consideradas, como alimentação rica em gorduras, inatividade física, alterações endócrinas, causas genéticas e patologias secundárias. Neste contexto vários produtos são lançados no mercado com o objetivo de combater a obesidade, quando são inseridos profissionais da saúde para realizar o acompanhamento dos tratamentos, dentre eles o farmacêutico, que possui papel fundamental nas farmacoterapias realizadas por pacientes obesos, uma vez que os tratamentos podem alterar outras funções fisiológicas.
FREQÜÊNCIA DE EFEITOS ADVERSOS CAUSADOS POR INIBIDORES DA ENZIMA CONVERSORA DA ANGIOTENSINA RELATADOS POR PACIENTES ATENDIDOS NA UNIDADE BÁSICA DE SAÚDE – LARANJAL – PR
Authors: BARBOSA A. A. M. , DUDEK D. N. , MARIA M. D. , SANCHES A. C. C. 
Published: September 2014

Os inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina (ECA) têm alta eficácia no tratamento da pressão arterial elevada, bem como a ser utilizado em situações de insuficiência cardíaca. O mecanismo de ação desses medicamentos é fornecido pela inibição da formação de angiotensina II, um potente agente vasoconstritor, através do bloqueio da ECA. Os efeitos adversos mais comuns são: tosse, hipotensão ortostática na primeira dose, erupção cutânea, perda do paladar, proteinúria, leucopenia e hipersensibilidade com edema angioneurótico. O estudo realizado é a avaliação do efeito colateral dos inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina. Os resultados foram analisados através do programa Epi Info 3.3.2 de 9 de fevereiro de 2005. Entre os itens variáveis sócio-demográficas, o sexo feminino tem 71,7% da amostra, a média de idade de 53 anos e ensino fundamental incompleto 67,9% das pessoas entrevistadas. Em relação ao estado civil, 83,0% eram casados, quanto ao regime domiciliar 51,9% pertenciam à primeira geração (com um cônjuge), sendo 66,0% tem como renda mensal 1 (um) salário mínimo. Em relação as variáveis farmacoepidemiológicas alguns dos resultados encontrados foram, o medicamento de uso mais freqüente foi o inibidor da ECA (Captopril), prescrito para 67,9% dos hipertensos, com aparecimento de tosse em aproximadamente 3 a 20% dos pacientes. Com relação à adesão ao tratamento 86,8% respondem positivamente. Diante da realidade assinalada é necessário aumentar o grau de conhecimento da população sobre a importância do controle da hipertensão arterial, e a adesão à terapêutica cardiovascular. É necessário e urgente garantir acesso dos pacientes hipertensos a serviços básicos de saúde, e incentivar políticas e programas comunitários. O primeiro passo é a educação dos pacientes, seus familiares e a comunidade, onde uma equipe multiprofissional poderá fornecer aos pacientes e à comunidade motivação para vencer os desafios e adotar atitudes que tornem as ações efetivas e permanentes.
Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Containing 4,5′,8‐Trimethylpsoralen at the 2′‐OPosition and Their Cross‐Linking Properties with RNAs
Authors: Kobori Akio , Yamayoshi Asako , Murakami Akira 
Published: September 2014

Abstract4,5′,8‐Trimethylpsoralen‐conjugated oligonucleotides have been used in the study of photo‐cross‐linking with target oligonucleotides and in the field of the photodynamic therapy. This unit describes synthetic procedures for oligonucleotides using 2′‐O‐methylphosphoramidite units and an adenosine phosphoramidite unit containing a 4,5′,8‐trimethylpsoralen derivative attached at the 2′ position of an adenosine sugar moiety via an ethoxymethylene linkage. Procedures for obtaining the photo‐cross‐linking efficiency of 2′‐O‐methyloligonucleotides containing a 4,5′,8‐trimethylpsoralen derivative with a target oligonucleotide under UV irradiation conditions are also described, together with the procedure for preparation of32P‐radiolabeled RNA.Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 58:5.15.1‐5.15.15. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparative Protein Structure Modeling Using MODELLER
Authors: Webb Benjamin , Sali Andrej 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFunctional characterization of a protein sequence is one of the most frequent problems in biology. This task is usually facilitated by accurate three‐dimensional (3‐D) structure of the studied protein. In the absence of an experimentally determined structure, comparative or homology modeling can sometimes provide a useful 3‐D model for a protein that is related to at least one known protein structure. Comparative modeling predicts the 3‐D structure of a given protein sequence (target) based primarily on its alignment to one or more proteins of known structure (templates). The prediction process consists of fold assignment, target‐template alignment, model building, and model evaluation. This unit describes how to calculate comparative models using the program MODELLER and discusses all four steps of comparative modeling, frequently observed errors, and some applications. Modeling lactate dehydrogenase from Trichomonas vaginalis (TvLDH) is described as an example. The download and installation of the MODELLER software is also described. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 47:5.6.1‐5.6.32. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Decision‐making scenarios for reducing the computational complexity in a green cognitive radio receiver
Authors: Bourbia Salma , Guennec Daniel Le , Grati Khaled , Ghazel Adel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe idea that we highlight in this paper is how to reduce the computational complexity by limiting the processing in the receiver chain. For this we seek for limiting the use of the beamforming process and the equalization process according to the conditions. Indeed, with the cognitive features the receiver observes its environment and decides to either keep or turn off these processes without degrading its performances. The decision method that we developed is based on the statistical modeling of the radio environment, and the purpose of this approach is to minimize the percentage of bad decisions by considering the errors of observation. Furthermore, we first address the two decision scenarios separately and we seek to prove that the decisions to turn off the equalizer and the beamforming, when they are not necessary, lead to reduce the computational complexity of the receiver. Then we focus on the behavior of the receiver facing both decision scenarios. Thus, we formulate the decision problem in two different ways: in the first case we consider that the receiver performs joint decisions about the two operations of beamforming and equalization, in the second case we suppose that it handles the two decision scenarios sequentially. We compare then the performance of the receiver in the two cases.
Isolation and Characterization of 1 β‐Acetoxypolygodial from Tasmannia lanceolata
Authors: Deans Ross M. , Gardiner Michael G. , Horne James , Hung Amos C. , Hyland Christopher J. T. , Just Jeremy , Smith Jason A. , Yin JieXiang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA metabolite identified as 1β‐acetoxypolygodial was isolated from the leaves and stems of a single specimen of Tasmannia lanceolata along with the previously reported 1β‐acetoxyisodrimeninol. The structure of 1β‐acetoxypolygodial was assigned by NMR spectroscopy and supported by X‐ray crystallography.
Short‐term outcomes of purely endoscopic endonasal resection of orbital tumors: a systematic review
Authors: Dubal Pariket M. , Svider Peter F. , Denis Daniel , Folbe Adam J. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundThe purpose of this review was to evaluate outcomes in transnasal endoscopic approaches for the management of extraconal and intraconal orbital tumors.MethodsA systematic review of studies on purely endoscopic endonasal orbital tumor resections was conducted using the MEDLINE database. Data extracted and analyzed from selected studies included study type, sample size, demographics, symptomatology, tumor characteristics, complications, follow‐up time, and recurrence.ResultsThirty‐nine studies were identified and included, containing patient data for 71 cases. Mean patient age was 47 years (range, 1–75 years), and 53.5% of patients were male. Primary site of the tumor was orbital in 69.0% of the cases, of which 51.0% were intraconal and 30.6% were extraconal. The most common reported histopathology was cavernous hemangioma (45.1%). Intraoperative complications were reported in 5.6% of cases. Postoperative complications were noted in 29.6% of cases, the majority of which were transient (76.2%). There was no significant difference in postoperative complication rate between intraconal and extraconal primary site tumors (p = 0.302). Recurrence rate was 4.2%.ConclusionPurely endoscopic endonasal resection of orbital tumors is a viable alternative technique to traditional external procedures, with the inherent advantages of minimally invasive surgery. This study of 71 cases represents the largest pooled sample size to date, and the increasing use of endoscopic procedures will allow for future analyses with greater statistical power.
Assessment of epithelial innate antimicrobial factors in sinus tissue from patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lee Jivianne T. , Escobar Oswaldo H. , Anouseyan Rabin , Janisiewicz Agnieszka , Eivers Edward , Blackwell Keith E. , Keschner David B. , Garg Rohit , Porter Edith 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundAirway secretions contain endogenous antimicrobial factors (AMFs) that contribute to the innate host defense of the respiratory tract. Antibacterial peptides as well as host‐derived lipids including cholesteryl esters have been detected in maxillary lavage fluid. Sterol O‐acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) is a key enzyme in cholesteryl ester production. The purpose of this study is to determine if such intrinsic microbicidal molecules are acutely expressed within sinus tissue and to compare levels of expression between patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).MethodsSinus tissue was obtained from subjects with (24) and without (9) a history of CRS. Six CRS patients had nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Immunofluorescence staining for human neutrophil peptide (HNP) was done as a marker for inflammation. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) following RNA extraction was used to quantify the expression of SOAT‐1, the epithelial beta‐defensins (HBD2 and HBD3), and the cathelicidin LL37 with ribosomal protein, large, P0 (RPLP0) as the housekeeping gene.ResultsImmunofluorescence showed significant increase in HNP staining in CRS patients without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) vs non‐CRS specimens (p = 0.010), in agreement with clinical inflammation status. SOAT1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was also upregulated in CRSsNP compared to non‐CRS (p = 0.041) and CRSwNP (p = 0.005) patients, whereas increases for HBD2 and HBD3 were less prominent. LL37 was either absent or expressed at very low levels in all samples.ConclusionIncreased biosynthesis of SOAT1, a key enzyme for antimicrobial cholesteryl ester production, was observed in the sinus tissue of CRSsNP patients but not in CRSwNP patients. This further supports the novel concept of lipid‐mediated innate mucosal defense and delineates CRS with and without nasal polyposis as distinct subtypes.
Festkörperstruktur eines Li/F‐Carbenoids: Pentafluorethyllithium
Authors: Waerder Benedikt , Steinhauer Simon , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mix Andreas , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Hoge Berthold , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLithiumcarbenoide sind durch ihr faszinierendes ambiphiles Reaktionsverhalten vielseitig anwendbare Verbindungen in der Synthese. Obwohl diese Verbindungsklasse seit vielen Jahren bekannt ist, sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Reaktivität und geringen thermischen Stabilität nur wenige Molekülstrukturen im Festkörper bekannt. Die Verwendung von Kryo‐Techniken ermöglichte die Bestimmung der ersten Molekülstruktur eines Li/F‐Alkylcarbenoids, Pentafluorethyllithium (LiC2F5), im Festkörper mittels Röntgenbeugung. LiC2F5dient als Prototyp zur Untersuchung der Struktur‐Reaktivitäts‐Beziehungen dieser Verbindungsklasse. Die Verbindung bildet ein Diethylether‐stabilisiertes Dimer mit selten auftretenden C‐F‐Li‐Bindungen. Ergänzende NMR‐Studien zeigen ein dynamisches Verhalten in Lösung und deuten auf einen raschen Austausch zwischen Ausgangsmaterial und Produkt hin. Theoretische Untersuchungen stützen das Verständnis der Bildung des beobachteten ungewöhnlichen Strukturmotivs.
Differential Reduction of CO2 by Molybdenum and Vanadium Nitrogenases
Authors: Rebelein Johannes G. , Hu Yilin , Ribbe Markus W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe molybdenum and vanadium nitrogenases are two homologous enzymes with distinct structural and catalytic features. Previously, it was demonstrated that the V nitrogenase was nearly 700 times more active than its Mo counterpart in reducing CO to hydrocarbons. Herein, a similar discrepancy between the two nitrogenases in the reduction of CO2 is reported, with the V nitrogenase being capable of reducing CO2 to CO, CD4, C2D4, and C2D6, and its Mo counterpart only capable of reducing CO2 to CO. Furthermore, it is shown that the V nitrogenase may direct the formation of CD4 in part via CO2‐derived CO, but that it does not catalyze the formation of C2D4 and C2D6 along this route. The exciting observation of a V nitrogenase‐catalyzed CC coupling with CO2 as the origin of the building blocks adds another interesting reaction to the catalytic repertoire of this unique enzyme system. The differential activities of the V and Mo nitrogenases in CO2 reduction provide an important framework for systematic investigations of this reaction in the future.
Enhancing Luminescence in Lanthanide‐Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Han Sanyang , Deng Renren , Xie Xiaoji , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe enthusiasm for research on lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles is driven by both a fundamental interest in the optical properties of lanthanides embedded in different host lattices and their promise for broad applications ranging from biological imaging to photodynamic therapy. Despite the considerable progress made in the past decade, the field of upconversion nanoparticles has been hindered by significant experimental challenges associated with low upconversion conversion efficiencies. Recent experimental and theoretical studies on upconversion nanoparticles have, however, led to the development of several effective approaches to enhancing upconversion luminescence, which could have profound implications for a range of applications. Herein we present the underlying principles of controlling energy transfer through lanthanide doping, overview the major advances and key challenging issues in improving upconversion luminescence, and consider the likely directions of future research in the field.
Utilization of Environmentally Benign Dicyandiamide as a Precursor for the Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Nitride and its Application in Base‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Xu Jie , Chen Ting , Jiang Quan , Li Yong‐Xin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAssisted by a new dissolution procedure, dicyandiamide (DCDA), an environmentally benign and cheap precursor, has been employed for the synthesis of mesoporous carbon nitride (CN) materials through a nanocasting approach. The synthesized mesoporous materials possessed high specific surface areas (269–715 m2 g−1) with narrow pore‐size distributions (about 5 nm) and faithfully replicated the mesostructures of the SBA‐15 and FDU‐12 templates. Several characterization techniques, including XRD, SAXS, TEM, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, and CO2‐TPD, were used to analyze the physicochemical properties of these materials and the results showed that the mesoporous CND materials had graphitic‐like structures and consisted of CN heterocycles, as well as amino groups. In a series of Knoevenagel condensation reactions, as exemplified by the reaction of various aldehydes and nitriles, these mesoporous CND materials demonstrated high and stable catalytic activities, owing to an abundance of basic sites.
Facile Insertion of Carbon Dioxide into Cu2(μ‐H) Dinuclear Units Supported by Tetraphosphine Ligands
Authors: Nakamae Kanako , Kure Bunsho , Nakajima Takayuki , Ura Yasuyuki , Tanase Tomoaki 
Published: September 2014

AbstractReactions of meso‐bis[(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphino]methane (dpmppm) with CuI species in the presence of NaBH4 afforded di‐ and tetranuclear copper hydride complexes, [Cu2(μ‐H)(μ‐dpmppm)2]X (1) and [Cu4(μ‐H)2(μ4‐H)(μ‐dpmppm)2]X (2) (X=BF4, PF6). Complex 1 undergoes facile insertion of CO2 (1 atm) at room temperature, leading to a formate‐bridged dicopper complex [Cu2(μ‐HCOO)(dpmppm)2]X (3). The experimental and DFT theoretical studies clearly demonstrate that CO2 insertion into the Cu2(μ‐H) unit occurred with the flexible dicopper platform. Complex 2 also undergoes CO2 insertion to give a formate‐bridged complex, [Cu4(μ‐HCOO)3(dpmppm)2]X, during which the square Cu4 framework opened up to a linear tetranuclear chain.
Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Ahn H S , Jeong S-H , Son Y G , Lee H-J , Im S-A , Bang Y-J , Kim H-H , Yang H-K 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve the rate of complete (R0) resection and downstaging in patients with localized gastric cancer. There are few reports, however, regarding its impact on postoperative morbidity and mortality. The aims of this study were to analyse complication and mortality rates after neoadjuvant chemotherapy using a modified regimen of folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) for locally advanced gastric cancer (AGC), compared with rates in patients who underwent surgery without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods
Data were collected from patients with AGC enrolled in a phase II trial of four cycles of neoadjuvant mFOLFOX6 followed by surgery, between January 2005 and June 2008 at two of three institutions, and compared with those from a cohort of patients with AGC who underwent surgery alone at one of the institutions in 2006.

Results
Among 51 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, there were no deaths and a morbidity rate of 24 per cent after surgery. Comparison of 48 patients in one institution who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 92 patients who had surgery alone in the same institution showed no increase in postoperative morbidity (23 versus 29 per cent; P = 0·417). Combined resection was the only risk factor for postoperative morbidity after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with mFOLFOX is a safe treatment for patients with localized AGC, and does not increase postoperative morbidity or mortality.