bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the efficacies of intermittent and continuous low‐dose isotretinoin regimens in the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris
Authors: Boyraz Nermin , Mustak Pelin Kocyiğit 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease that usually requires systemic treatment for severe forms. Isotretinoin is the most effective drug in the treatment of acne vulgaris. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacies of intermittent and continuous low‐dose isotretinoin regimens in the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris.MethodsSixty patients with moderate acne were included. They were divided into two groups to receive either intermittent or continuous low‐dose isotretinoin. All patients were followed up monthly during the treatment period and for at least six months after completion of therapy.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding improvement rates at the end of treatments. However, reduction rates in mean acne scores at post‐treatment controls were in favor of the continuous low‐dose group. During the post‐treatment follow‐up period, three patients in the intermittent group relapsed, while no relapses were observed in the low‐dose group. No significant side effects were observed in any groups.ConclusionsBoth intermittent and continuous low‐dose isotretinoin regimens are very well tolerated and effective as classical regimens in the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris. However, a continuous low‐dose regimen seems to be slightly superior in terms of patients' compliance to the treatment and lower risk of relapse.
Prevalence of obesity and extreme obesity in children aged 3–5 years
Authors: Lo J. C. , Maring B. , Chandra M. , Daniels S. R. , Sinaiko A. , Daley M. F. , Sherwood N. E. , Kharbanda E. O. , Parker E. D. , Adams K. F. , Prineas R. J. , Magid D. J. , O'Connor P. J. , Greenspan L. C. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
The prevalence of obesity in the United States has increased dramatically over the past three decades.
There is a growing spectrum of severe obesity among children and adolescents.
Obesity trends and race/ethnic differences may be evident at a young age.
What this study adds
Among children aged 3–5 years, the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity was higher in boys than in girls, and highest among children of Hispanic ethnicity.
Within this young age group, higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with greater height percentile.
Among obese children aged 5 years, provider recognition of obesity or elevated BMI was high, approaching 80% of children.
BackgroundEarly childhood adiposity may have significant later health effects. This study examines the prevalence and recognition of obesity and severe obesity among preschool‐aged children.MethodsThe electronic medical record was used to examine body mass index (BMI), height, sex and race/ethnicity in 42 559 children aged 3–5 years between 2007 and 2010. Normal or underweight (BMI < 85th percentile); overweight (BMI 85th–94th percentile); obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile); and severe obesity (BMI ≥ 1.2 × 95th percentile) were classified using the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Provider recognition of elevated BMI was examined for obese children aged 5 years.ResultsAmong 42 559 children, 12.4% of boys and 10.0% of girls had BMI ≥ 95th percentile. The prevalence was highest among Hispanics (18.2% boys, 15.2% girls), followed by blacks (12.4% boys, 12.7% girls). A positive trend existed between increasing BMI category and median height percentile, with obesity rates highest in the highest height quintile. The prevalence of severe obesity was 1.6% overall and somewhat higher for boys compared with girls (1.9 vs. 1.4%, P < 0.01). By race/ethnicity, the highest prevalence of severe obesity was seen in Hispanic boys (3.3%). Among those aged 5 years, 77.9% of obese children had provider diagnosis of obesity or elevated BMI, increasing to 89.0% for the subset with severe obesity.ConclusionsObesity and severe obesity are evident as early as age 3–5 years, with race/ethnic trends similar to older children. This study underscores the need for continued recognition and contextualization of early childhood obesity in order to develop effective strategies for early weight management.
A videoscope for use in minimally invasive periodontal surgery
Authors: Harrel Stephen K. , Wilson Thomas G. , Rivera‐Hidalgo Francisco 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntroductionMinimally invasive periodontal procedures have been reported to produce excellent clinical results. Visualization during minimally invasive procedures has traditionally been obtained by the use of surgical telescopes, surgical microscopes, glass fibre endoscopes or a combination of these devices. All of these methods for visualization are less than fully satisfactory due to problems with access, magnification and blurred imaging.Clinical InnovationA videoscope for use with minimally invasive periodontal procedures has been developed to overcome some of the difficulties that exist with current visualization approaches. This videoscope incorporates a gas shielding technology that eliminates the problems of fogging and fouling of the optics of the videoscope that has previously prevented the successful application of endoscopic visualization to periodontal surgery. In addition, as part of the gas shielding technology the videoscope also includes a moveable retractor specifically adapted for minimally invasive surgery.DiscussionThe clinical use of the videoscope during minimally invasive periodontal surgery is demonstrated and discussed.ConclusionThe videoscope with gas shielding alleviates many of the difficulties associated with visualization during minimally invasive periodontal surgery.
Atopic dermatitis burden scale: creation of a specific burden questionnaire for families
Authors: Méni C. , Bodemer C. , Toulon A. , Merhand S. , Perez‐Cullell N. , Branchoux S. , Taieb C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe notion of individual burden, associated with a disease, has been introduced to determine the ‘disability’ in the broadest sense (psychological, social, economic and physical). Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with an estimated prevalence of 5%–30% in children.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a specific questionnaire which assess the burden of families of children with AD: the Atopic dermatitis Burden Scale (ABS).MethodsItems for inclusion in ABS were initially generated from a literature review and a verbatim report from parents whose child had AD. ABS was refined via item reduction according to interquestion correlations, consensus among experts and exploratory factor analysis. Internal consistency was determined by calculating the Cronbach's α, concurrent validity by calculating the correlation between ABS and the Short‐Form 12 items. Discriminant validity was analysed according to the severity degrees of AD assessed by Patient‐Oriented SCORing index of Atopic Dermatitis (PO‐SCORAD).ResultsFrom an initial list of 29 items, ABS was reduced to a 14‐item questionnaire, grouped into four dimensions based on the exploratory factor analysis. Construct validity was demonstrated and ABS showed good internal coherence (Cronbach's α: 0.78). ABS was significantly correlated to the mental dimension of Short‐Form 12 (r = −0.49), but it was not correlated to the physical dimension (r = 0.04). ABS scores were significantly different according to the severity degrees of AD, with higher ABS score in parents whose child had severe AD.ConclusionThe ABS questionnaire is a validated tool for assessing the burden of families of children with AD. An implementation of a prospective study is planned to estimate sensitivity to change and to confirm its domain structure in larger samples.
Mating strategies in dominant meerkats: evidence for extra‐pair paternity in relation to genetic relatedness between pair mates
Authors: Leclaire S. , Nielsen J. F. , Sharp S. P. , Clutton‐Brock T. H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRates of extra‐pair paternity (EPP) have frequently been associated with genetic relatedness between social mates in socially monogamous birds. However, evidence is limited in mammals. Here, we investigate whether dominant females use divorce or extra‐pair paternity as a strategy to avoid the negative effects of inbreeding when paired with a related male in meerkatsSuricata suricatta, a species where inbreeding depression is evident for several traits. We show that dominant breeding pairs seldom divorce, but that rates ofEPPare associated with genetic similarity between mates. Although extra‐pair males are no more distantly related to the female than social males, they are more heterozygous. Nevertheless, extra‐pair pups are not more heterozygous than within‐pair pups. Whether females benefit fromEPPin terms of increased fitness of the offspring, such as enhanced survival or growth, requires further investigations.
Integration of the mammalian shoulder girdle within populations and over evolutionary time
Authors: Sears K. E. , Bianchi C. , Powers L. , Beck A. L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMorphological integration has the potential to link morphological variation within populations with morphological evolution among species. This study begins to investigate this link by comparing integration among shoulder girdle elements (e.g. scapular blade, glenoid, coracoid, etc.) during the origin and evolution of therian mammals, and within modern bat, opossum and mouse populations. In this study, correlations among skeletal elements and patterns of allometry are used as proxies for integration. Results suggest that shoulder girdle elements tended to vary and evolve independently during the origin of mammals and subsequent radiation of placentals, consistent with the elements’ distinct developmental and evolutionary origins. This finding suggests that skeletal element correlations, and therefore integration, can be conserved over large taxonomic and temporal scales. However, marsupials display a different pattern in which shoulder girdle elements tend to be more integrated, with the exception of the coracoid. This finding is consistent with a shift in the pattern of skeletal element integration coincident with the appearance of the marsupial mode of reproduction. This finding provides further evidence that development can play a significant role in the establishment of patterns of skeletal element correlation and that patterns of skeletal element correlation can themselves evolve when faced with sufficient selective pressures.
A UK pilot study: The specificity of the Word Memory Test effort sub‐tests in acute minimal to mild head injury
Authors: Hall Vicki L. , Worthington Andrew , Venables Katie 
Published: May 2013

The specificity of the Word Memory Test (WMT) effort indices was examined in 48 individuals with minimal to mild head injury (MHI) in the acute stages post‐injury. None of the individuals was involved in litigation or disability claims. At the established cut‐offs, the WMT had an unacceptable false‐positive rate (18%). T test analysis was also carried out for WMT passers and failures on a battery of neuropsychometric measures and across a range of demographic variables. The WMT was performed at a significantly lower level on the Wechsler Memory Scale – III word list sub‐tests and verbal fluency tests (p < .05). This suggests that WMT failure may be indicative of a specific deficit in verbal processing in the acute phase of MHI.
Nutritional status, gender and marital status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Odencrants Sigrid , Bjuström Tomas , Wiklund Nils , Blomberg Karin 
Published: May 2013

Aim and objectivesTo describe and compare nutritional status, pulmonary function, gender and marital status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a chronic illness that can lead to poor nutritional status due to an increased energy requirements related to laboured breathing. Inadequate nutritional intake has often been described in this patient group. Nutritional support for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who suffer from nutritional problems is essential, both for their sense of well‐being and for their survival with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.DesignThe study design was descriptive and comparative.MethodsQuantitative data collection was carried out among 81 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (47 women and 34 men) with an average age of 65 years (SD 3·5). The Mini Nutritional Assessment was used to assess nutritional status.ResultsParticipants who lived alone had worse nutritional status than those who did not live alone, and female participants had worse nutritional status than their male counterparts. No significant correlation was found between pulmonary function and nutritional status.ConclusionsThis study contributes knowledge of a potential correlation between nutritional status, gender and marital status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be at an increased risk of malnutrition. Despite the previous results showing malnutrition and underweight to be common, the present study found that many of the participants were overweight, which may reflect a global health trend regardless of disease.Relevance to clinical practiceEarly identification of patients at risk of malnutrition is important. Registered nurses should be aware that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are female or who live alone may be at an increased risk of nutritional problems. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease must be offered information and support for individually adapted measures at an early stage in order to avoid nutritional problems, regardless of under‐ and overweight.
Heart failure in patients treated with bisphosphonates
Authors: Grove E. L. , Abrahamsen B. , Vestergaard P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of heart failure in patients treated with bisphosphonates.DesignIn this nationwide retrospective cohort study from Denmark, all users of bisphosphonates and raloxifene between 1996 and 2006 (n = 102 342) were included in the ‘exposed’ group and three age‐ and gender‐matched subjects (n = 307.026) from the general population comprised the control group. The risk of heart failure was estimated by Cox proportional hazard analyses.ResultsThe mean follow‐up times were 2.8, 5.5 and 4.9 years for alendronate‐, etidronate‐ and raloxifene‐treated patients, respectively. The absolute risk of heart failure was 4.4% in the exposed group and 3.7% in the control group (P < 0.01). The relative risk (RR) of heart failure was significantly increased in users of bisphophonates: crude RR 1.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63–1.79]; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.41 (95% CI 1.34–1.48). By comparison, raloxifene, which is used for the same indication but has a different mechanism of action, was not associated with an increased risk of heart failure: adjusted HR 1.07 (95% CI 0.76–1.50). When the two most commonly used bisphosphonates, alendronate and etidronate, were analysed separately, significant trends in the risk of heart failure were observed across refill compliance strata. The risk of heart failure increased significantly with increasing refill compliance for etidronate (P for trend <0.01), whereas it decreased for alendronate (P for trend <0.01).ConclusionsBisphosphonate users were at increased risk of heart failure compared to age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects. However, users of alendronate showed a dose‐dependent reduction in this risk, suggesting that alendronate may reduce the risk of heart failure.
Effects of celecoxib treatment over the AKT pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Abrahão Aline Corrêa , Giudice Fernanda Salgueiredo , Sperandio Felipe Fornias , Pinto Junior Décio dos Santos 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundCelecoxib, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug that selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), has shown an important anticarcinogenic effect for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma. The use of COX‐2 inhibitors has effectively inhibited the growth of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines, while a recent phase 1 trial demonstrated good response rate of cancer cells to this drug with minimal toxicity. Possible targets of celecoxib include proteins involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis control. Additionally, celecoxib antitumoral activity has been linked with a COX‐2‐independent event.MethodsTo better understand which cellular mechanisms are targeted by celecoxib, its effects upon the Akt signaling pathway using two different HNSCC cell lines were analyzed through cell viability assay, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting.ResultsThe results showed decreased levels of Cyclin D1 and pAkt protein expression in vitro. The number of viable cells was also diminished after celecoxib treatment.ConclusionAs Akt pathway seems to be a valuable target for the HNSCC therapy, the results presented herein confirm that celecoxib can be considered as an alternative adjuvant drug for HNSCC treatment.
Pluronic F127-modified liposome-containing tacrolimus–cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: improved solubility, cellular uptake and intestinal penetration
Authors: Zhu Quanlei , Guo Tao , Xia Dengning , Li Xiuying , Zhu Chunliu , Li Haiyan , Ouyang Defang , Zhang Jiwen , Gan Yong 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate Pluronic F127-modified liposome-containing cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complex (FLIC) for improving the solubility, cellular uptake and intestinal penetration of tacrolimus (FK 506) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Methods
Molecular modelling was performed to screen the optimal CD for the solubilization of FK 506. FLIC was prepared by thin-lipid film hydration with the inclusion complex solutions followed by membrane extrusion. Dilution tests were conducted in simulated gastric fluids and phosphate-buffered solution of sodium taurocholate to investigate the solubility improvement of FK506. The cellular uptake of nanocarriers was studied in Caco-2 cells, and intestinal mucous membrane penetration in the GI tract was evaluated in Sprague–Dawley rats.

Key findings
The results showed that β-CD had the strongest binding energy with the guest molecule among the CDs. The prepared FLIC has an average diameter of 180.8 ± 8.1 nm with a spherical shape. The solubility and cellular uptake of FK 506 was greatly improved by the incorporation of CD complexes in the Pluronic F127-modified liposomes. Intestinal mucous membrane penetration was also significantly improved by the preparation of FLIC.

Conclusion
With improved drug solubility and intestinal mucous membrane penetration, FLIC shows a promising oral delivery system for FK 506.
Effects of lactulose supplementation on performance, blood profiles, excreta microbial shedding ofLactobacillusandEscherichia coli, relative organ weight and excreta noxious gas contents in broilers
Authors: Cho J. H. , Kim I. H. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThis study was to evaluate the effects of lactulose supplementation on performance, blood profiles, excreta microbial shedding ofLactobacillusandEscherichia coli,relative organ weight and excreta noxious gas contents in broilers. A total of 720ROSS308 broilers with a body weight of 46 ± 0.1 g (1 day of age) were used in a 28‐d experiment. Broilers were randomly allotted to 4 experiment diets with 12 replicate pens and 15 birds per pen. Dietary treatments were as follows:NC, negative control (without antibiotic);PC,NC+ 0.1% tiamulin; L1,NC+ 0.1% lactulose; and L2,NC+ 0.2% lactulose. Broilers were fed with phase 1 (1–8 day), phase 2 (9–18 day) and phase 3 (19–28 day) diets in the form of mash. During day 1–8, broilers fed thePCand L2 diets had higher (p < 0.05) body weight gain than those fed theNCdiet. During day 19–28, broilers fed the L1 and L2 diets had lower (p < 0.05) feed intake than those fed theNCdiet. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was decreased (p < 0.05) in L1 treatment compared withNCtreatment. Overall, theFCRwas improved (p < 0.05) in all supplementation treatments compared withNCtreatment. The apparently metabolizable nitrogen in L1 treatment was higher (p < 0.05) than that inNCtreatment at day 28. The excretaLactobacilluswas increased andE. coliwas decreased inPCand L2 treatments compared withNCtreatment at day 28 (p < 0.05). The excretaNH3, H2S and acetic acid contents were decreased (p < 0.05) in L1 and L2 treatments compared withNCtreatment. The relative weight of abdominal fat of broilers fed thePCdiet was lowest (p < 0.05) compared with other treatments. In conclusion, this study indicated that dietary supplementation of 0.1% or 0.2% lactulose could improve growth performance, decrease excretaE. coliand excretaNH3and H2S contents.
Cigarette smoke inhalation increases the alveolar bone loss caused by primary occlusal trauma in a rat model
Authors: Campos M. L. G. , Corrêa M. G. , Júnior F. H. N. , Casati M. Z. , Sallum E. A. , Sallum A. W. 
Published: May 2013

Background and ObjectiveOcclusal trauma (OT) and smoking are both factors that alter alveolar bone metabolism and therefore could synergistically act on alveolar bone loss. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the influence of short‐term cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI) on inter‐radicular alveolar bone loss promoted by primary OT in a rat model.Material and MethodsForty‐eight animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups based on treatment type: OT + CSI (n = 16), animals were exposed to CSI three times per day, for 8 min per exposure, and they concomitantly received unilateral vertical augmentation creating an occlusal interference inducing experimental OT; OT (n = 16), animals received only unilateral vertical augmentation; negative control (NC; n = 16), animals maintained for equal periods to achieve periodontal baseline values of periodontal ligament dimension. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 8) based on treatment length: 7 or 14 d.ResultsAfter 7 d, the OT + CSI group exhibited significantly higher bone loss compared to the NC group (p = 0.0022). After 14 d, the OT (p < 0.0001) and OT + CSI (p < 0.0001) groups presented significantly higher bone loss compared to the NC group, and OT + CSI resulted in significantly higher bone loss than OT alone (p = 0.0241). The number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive cells on the linear surface of the bone crest after 7 d was significantly higher in the OT + CSI group as compared to the NC and OT groups (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0045, respectively) and remained significantly higher in the OT + CSI group after 14 d, compared to the OT group (p < 0.0001).ConclusionShort‐term CSI increases early bone loss in association with OT after 7 d, and this worsens in severity after 14 d of exposure.