bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching science from cultural points of intersection
Authors: Grimberg Bruna Irene , Gummer Edith 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study focuses on a professional development program for science teachers near or on American Indian reservations in Montana. This program was framed by culturally relevant pedagogy premises and was characterized by instructional strategies and content foci resulting from the intersection between three cultures: tribal, science teaching, and science. The study employs a quasi‐experimental design and quantitative methods to examine the impact of the program on teachers' practice and beliefs, and to determine the relationship between student‐centered equity‐focused instruction and students' science test score gains. Results of the analyses indicate that after 2 years in the program teachers changed their teaching practices and beliefs about their ability to teach science and to implement equitable instruction in a way that positively impacted students' performance. Using a multiple regression analysis it was found that gains in teacher beliefs about their ability to implement equitable strategies and the increase of teaching strategies that prompt students to make connections between science and their real‐life issues significantly explained the 36.7% of the variance of student science test scores gains in treatment classrooms. No significant changes in beliefs or teaching strategies were found for comparison teachers. The results obtained from this study contribute to the identification of characteristics of a professional development program that positively impacted the science teaching of American Indian students. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50:12–32, 2013
Bird community response to mid‐rotation management in conservation reserve program pine plantations
Authors: Singleton Lindsey C. , Sladek Brandon G. , Burger L. Wes , Munn Ian A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOpen pine–grasslands are one of the most threatened ecological communities in the southeastern United States and provide essential habitat for many regionally declining bird species. While open pine–grassland forests have diminished, acreage of pine plantations has increased throughout the Southeast, in part because of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Bill conservation programs. To understand whether fire and herbicide treatments would be effective in creating pine–grassland structure in plantations suitable for a suite of declining early successional and pine–grassland adapted species, we evaluated combined effects of selective herbicide and prescribed fire on plant and bird communities in thinned, mid‐rotation pine stands established under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in Mississippi, USA. Within each of the 12 replicate sites, we assigned 2 paired 8.1‐ha plots to either treatment (herbicide + prescribed fire) or control in a randomized complete block design. We applied treatments during autumn and winter of 2002–2003. During 2003–2006 breeding seasons, we characterized the bird community using repeated (4–6 repetitions/yr), standardized, 10‐minute point counts from which we estimated species richness, total relative abundance, total avian conservation value, and density of select species. Managed plots exhibited reduced hardwood midstory and a greater abundance of grasses and forbs in the ground layer. Although avian species richness and total relative abundance were similar in treatment and control stands, we observed a shift in the bird community from closed‐canopy forest species to early successional and pine–grassland adapted species, many of which are experiencing population declines. We recommend thinning, hardwood midstory control, and prescribed burning within CRP pine plantations to provide habitat for a suite of regionally declining bird species. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Parental involvement and adolescents' career goal pursuit during the post‐school transition
Authors: Dietrich Julia , Salmela‐Aro Katariina 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis study investigated adolescents' and parents' co‐regulation of career‐related goals during the post‐school transition. Finnish adolescents (N = 807, 49% female) were assessed twice in high school and once after graduation. It was examined how their career goal motivation (autonomous vs. controlled) and appraisals (goal attainability, effort, progress, and stress) interact with their perceptions of parents' career‐related involvement (support and lack of engagement) during the transition. Moreover, the role of perceived parental warmth for the co‐regulation of career‐related goals was assessed. The results showed that both perceived career‐specific parental involvement and warmth were associated, albeit weakly, with goal‐related stress three years later. This link was mediated by controlled career goal motivation.
Meromorphic non-integrability of a steady Stokes flow inside a sphere
Authors: NISHIYAMA TAKAHIRO 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe non-existence of a real meromorphic first integral for a spherically confined steady Stokes flow of Bajer and Moffatt is proved on the basis of Ziglin’s theory and the differential Galois theory. In the proof, the differential Galois group of a second-order Fuchsian-type differential equation associated with normal variations along a particular streamline is shown to be a special linear group according to Kovacic’s algorithm. A set of special values of a parameter contained in the Fuchsian-type equation is studied by using the theory of elliptic curves. For this set, a computer algebra system is used in part of Kovacic’s algorithm.
Prosecuting Presidents: The Politics within Ecuador's Corruption Cases
Authors: CONAGHAN CATHERINE M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAcross Latin America, many former presidents have faced criminal prosecutions on corruption charges, with widely varied outcomes. As with an impeachment, law and politics intersect in the prosecution of a president. In this essay, I examine this nexus by mapping the actions of agents who mobilise to influence how the justice system processes presidential prosecutions: first, accountability actors located in state-based institutions and civil society; second, partisan actors in the executive and legislative branches; and third, defendants, and their partisan and civil society supporters. This study argues that variations in the make-up, resources and alignment of these sets of actors fundamentally shape the trajectory of legal cases. Proceedings against three former presidents of Ecuador are analysed: Abdalá Bucaram, Jamil Mahuad and Gustavo Noboa.
What explains post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in UK service personnel: deployment or something else?
Authors: Jones M. , Sundin J. , Goodwin L. , Hull L. , Fear N. T. , Wessely S. , Rona R. J. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundIn previous studies an association between deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan and an overall increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in UK armed forces has not been found. The lack of a deployment effect might be explained by including, in the comparison group, personnel deployed on other operations or who have experienced traumatic stressors unrelated to deployment.MethodsThe sample comprised 8261 regular UK armed forces personnel who deployed to Iraq, Afghanistan or other operational areas or were not deployed. Participants completed the PTSD CheckList – Civilian Version (PCL-C) and provided information about deployment history, demographic and service factors, serious accidents and childhood experiences.ResultsDeployment to Iraq or Afghanistan [odds ratio (OR) 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6–2.2] or elsewhere (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6–2.0) was unrelated to PTSD although holding a combat role was associated with PTSD if deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.9–3.9). Childhood adversity (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.1–5.0), having left service (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.9–4.0) and serious accident (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.0) were associated with PTSD whereas higher rank was protective (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.12–0.76).ConclusionsFor the majority of UK armed forces personnel, deployment whether to Iraq, Afghanistan or elsewhere confers no greater risk for PTSD than service in the armed forcesper sebut holding a combat role in those deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan is associated with PTSD. Vulnerability factors such as lower rank, childhood adversity and leaving service, and having had a serious accident, may be at least as important as holding a combat role in predicting PTSD in UK armed forces personnel.
Children's perceptions of weight, obesity, nutrition, physical activity and related health and socio-behavioural factors
Authors: Economos Christina D , Bakun Peter J , Herzog Julia Bloom , Dolan Peter R , Lynskey Vanessa M , Markow Dana , Sharma Shanti , Nelson Miriam E 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveApproximately one-third of children in the USA are either overweight or obese. Understanding the perceptions of children is an important factor in reversing this trend.DesignAn online survey was conducted with children to capture their perceptions of weight, overweight, nutrition, physical activity and related socio-behavioural factors.SettingWithin the USA.SubjectsUS children (n 1224) aged 8–18 years.ResultsTwenty-seven per cent of children reported being overweight; 47·1 % of children overestimated the rate of overweight/obesity among US children. A higher percentage of self-classified overweight children (81·9 %) worried about weight than did self-classified under/normal weight children (31·1 %). Most children (91·1 %) felt that it was important to not be overweight, for both health-related and social-related reasons. The majority of children believed that if someone their age is overweight they will likely be overweight in adulthood (93·1 %); get an illness such as diabetes or heart disease in adulthood (90·2 %); not be able to play sports well (84·5 %); and be teased or made fun of in school (87·8 %). Children focused more on food/drink than physical activity as reasons for overweight at their age. Self-classified overweight children were more likely to have spoken with someone about their weight over the last year than self-classified under/normal weight children.ConclusionsChildren demonstrated good understanding of issues regarding weight, overweight, nutrition, physical activity and related socio-behavioural factors. Their perceptions are important and can be helpful in crafting solutions that will resonate with children.
Efficient statistical significance approximation for local similarity analysis of high-throughput time series data
Authors: Xia Li C. , Ai Dongmei , Cram Jacob , Fuhrman Jed A. , Sun Fengzhu 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Local similarity analysis of biological time series data helps elucidate the varying dynamics of biological systems. However, its applications to large scale high-throughput data are limited by slow permutation procedures for statistical significance evaluation.
Results: We developed a theoretical approach to approximate the statistical significance of local similarity analysis based on the approximate tail distribution of the maximum partial sum of independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables. Simulations show that the derived formula approximates the tail distribution reasonably well (starting at time points with no delay and with delay) and provides P-values comparable with those from permutations. The new approach enables efficient calculation of statistical significance for pairwise local similarity analysis, making possible all-to-all local association studies otherwise prohibitive. As a demonstration, local similarity analysis of human microbiome time series shows that core operational taxonomic units (OTUs) are highly synergetic and some of the associations are body-site specific across samples.
Availability: The new approach is implemented in our eLSA package, which now provides pipelines for faster local similarity analysis of time series data. The tool is freely available from eLSA’s website: http://meta.usc.edu/softs/lsa.
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Contact: fsun@usc.edu
Bioclipse-R: integrating management and visualization of life science data with statistical analysis
Authors: Spjuth Ola , Georgiev Valentin , Carlsson Lars , Alvarsson Jonathan , Berg Arvid , Willighagen Egon , Wikberg Jarl E.S. , Eklund Martin 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Summary: Bioclipse, a graphical workbench for the life sciences, provides functionality for managing and visualizing life science data. We introduce Bioclipse-R, which integrates Bioclipse and the statistical programming language R. The synergy between Bioclipse and R is demonstrated by the construction of a decision support system for anticancer drug screening and mutagenicity prediction, which shows how Bioclipse-R can be used to perform complex tasks from within a single software system.
Availability and implementation: Bioclipse-R is implemented as a set of Java plug-ins for Bioclipse based on the R-package rj. Source code and binary packages are available from https://github.com/bioclipse and http://www.bioclipse.net/bioclipse-r, respectively.
Contact: martin.eklund@farmbio.uu.se
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Weighted log-rank statistic to compare shared-path adaptive treatment strategies
Authors: Kidwell Kelley M. , Wahed Abdus S. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Adaptive treatment strategies (ATSs) more closely mimic the reality of a physician’s prescription process where the physician prescribes a medication to his/her patient, and based on that patient’s response to the medication, modifies the treatment. Two-stage randomization designs, more generally, sequential multiple assignment randomization trial designs, are useful to assess ATSs where the interest is in comparing the entire sequence of treatments, including the patient’s intermediate response. In this paper, we introduce the notion of shared-path and separate-path ATSs and propose a weighted log-rank statistic to compare overall survival distributions of multiple two-stage ATSs, some of which may be shared-path. Large sample properties of the statistic are derived and the type I error rate and power of the test are compared with the standard log-rank test through simulation.
Hypoxia-mediated regulation of macrophage functions in pathophysiology
Authors: Riboldi Elena , Porta Chiara , Morlacchi Sara , Viola Antonella , Mantovani Alberto , Sica Antonio 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOxygen availability affects cell differentiation, survival and function, with profound consequences on tissue homeostasis, inflammation and immunity. A gradient of oxygen levels is present in most organs of the body as well as in virtually every site of inflammation, damaged or pathological tissue. As a consequence, infiltrating leukocytes, macrophages in particular, are equipped with the capacity to shift their metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis, to generate ATP and induce the expression of factors that increase the supply of oxygen and nutrients. Strikingly, low oxygen conditions (hypoxia) and inflammatory signals share selected transcriptional events, including the activation of members of both the hypoxia-inducible factor and nuclear factor κB families, which may converge to activate specific cell programs. In the pathological response to hypoxia, cancer in particular, macrophages act as orchestrators of disease evolution and their number can be used as a prognostic marker. Here we review mechanisms of macrophage adaptation to hypoxia, their role in disease as well as new perspectives for their therapeutic targeting.
Unifying sources and sinks in ecology and Earth sciences
Authors: Loreau Michel , Daufresne Tanguy , Gonzalez Andrew , Gravel Dominique , Guichard Frédéric , Leroux Shawn J. , Loeuille Nicolas , Massol François , Mouquet Nicolas 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe paired source and sink concepts are used increasingly in ecology and Earth sciences, but they have evolved in divergent directions, hampering communication across disciplines. We propose a conceptual framework that unifies existing definitions, and review their most significant consequences for the various disciplines. A general definition of the source and sink concepts that transcends disciplines is based on net flows between the components of a system: a source is a subsystem that is a net exporter of some living or non‐living entities of interest, and a sink is a net importer of these entities. Sources and sinks can further be classified as conditional and unconditional, depending on the intrinsic propensity of subsystems to either produce (source) or absorb (sink) a surplus of these entities under some (conditional) or all (unconditional) conditions. The distinction between conditional and unconditional sources and sinks, however, is strongly context dependent. Sources can turn into sinks, and vice versa, when the context is changed, when systems are subject to temporal fluctuations or evolution, or when they are considered at different spatial and temporal scales. The conservation of ecosystem services requires careful consideration of the source−sink dynamics of multiple ecosystem components. Our synthesis shows that source−sink dynamics has profound consequences for our ability to understand, predict, and manage species and ecosystems in heterogeneous landscapes.
Neighborhoods, Social Support, and African American Adolescents' Mental Health Outcomes: A Multilevel Path Analysis
Authors: Hurd Noelle M. , Stoddard Sarah A. , Zimmerman Marc A. 
Published: November 2012

This study explored how neighborhood characteristics may relate toAfricanAmerican adolescents' internalizing symptoms via adolescents' social support and perceptions of neighborhood cohesion. Participants included 571 urban,AfricanAmerican adolescents (52% female;Mage = 17.8). A multilevel path analysis testing both direct and indirect effects of neighborhood characteristics on adolescents' mental health outcomes was conducted. Higher neighborhood poverty and unemployment rates predicted greater internalizing symptoms via lower cumulative social support and perceptions of neighborhood cohesion. In contrast, higher concentrations ofAfricanAmerican and residentially stable residents in one's neighborhood related to fewer internalizing symptoms among adolescent residents via greater cumulative social support and perceptions of neighborhood cohesion. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Rat models of post‐irradiation recovery of spermatogenesis: interstrain differences
Authors: Abuelhija M. , Weng C. C. , Shetty G. , Meistrich M. L. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryRecently, we reported large differences between rat strains in spermatogenesis recovery at 10 weeks after 5‐Gy irradiation suggesting that there are interstrain as well as interspecies differences in testicular radiation response. To determine whether these interstrain differences in sensitivity might be a result of the particular dose and time‐point chosen, we performed dose–response and time–course studies on sensitive Brown‐Norway (BN) and more resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Type A spermatogonia were observed in atrophic tubules at 10 weeks after irradiation in all strains indicating that tubular atrophy was caused by a block in their differentiation, but the doses to produce the block ranged from 4.0 Gy in BN to 10 Gy in SD rats. Although the numbers of type A spermatogonial were unaffected at doses below 6 Gy, higher doses reduced their number, indicating that stem cell killing also contributed to the failure of recovery. After 10 weeks, there was no further recovery and even a decline in spermatogonial differentiation in BN rats, but in SHR rats, sperm production returned to control levels by 20 weeks after 5.0 Gy and, after 7.5 Gy, differentiation resumed in 60% of tubules by 30 weeks. Suppression of testosterone and gonadotropins after irradiation restored production of differentiated cells in nearly all tubules in BN rats and in all tubules in SHR rats. Thus, the differences in recovery of spermatogenesis between strains were a result of both quantitative differences in their sensitivities to a radiation‐induced, hormone‐dependent block of spermatogonial differentiation and qualitative interstrain differences in the progression of post‐irradiation recovery. The progression of recovery in SHR rats was similar to the prolonged delays in recovery of human spermatogenesis after cytotoxic agent exposure and thus may be a system for investigating a phenomenon also observed in men.
Report of the Committee of the Japan Diabetes Society on the Research of Fulminant and Acute‐onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: New diagnostic criteria of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (2012)
Authors: Imagawa Akihisa , Hanafusa Toshiaki , Awata Takuya , Ikegami Hiroshi , Uchigata Yasuko , Osawa Haruhiko , Kawasaki Eiji , Kawabata Yumiko , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Shimada Akira , Shimizu Ikki , Takahashi Kazuma , Nagata Masao , Makino Hideichi , Maruyama Taro 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe have revised a part of the diagnostic criteria for fulminant type 1 diabetes. The new criteria were set both to express the essence of this disease of rapid increase of patients' blood glucose and to be highly sensitive to reduce the misdiagnosis. After analyzing the data of 382 patients with newly‐diagnosed fulminant type 1 diabetes, we adopted the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 8.7% (National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program [NGSP] value). The new criterion indicates 100% of sensitivity and the best value by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. In addition, we added a comment that ‘This value (HbA1c <8.7% in NGSP) is not applicable for patients with previously diagnosed glucose intolerance’ in the new criteria and also a comment that ‘Association with human leukocyte antigen DRB1*04:05‐DQB1*04:01 is reported’ as a related finding. We did not revise the screening criteria and the other part of the diagnostic criteria, because they are still reliable.
Classification of Japanese Texture Terms
Authors: Hayakawa Fumiyo , Kazami Yukari , Nishinari Katsuyoshi , Ioku Kana , Akuzawa Sayuri , Yamano Yoshimasa , Baba Yasumasa , Kohyama Kaoru 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA total of 445 Japanese texture terms were classified. First, terms with almost the same meaning represented by different Chinese characters, and onomatopoeic words derived from the same sound were classified into same‐term groups for a total of 271 term groups. Next, eight experts in texture studies categorized the 271 term groups into the three texture attributes proposed by the International Standard Organization (ISO 11036): mechanical attributes, geometrical attributes and other attributes. Term groups were compared within each of the three attributes, and their similarities were assessed by 96 texture scientists/technologists. The data were analyzed by multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. The classification in this study showed some similarities with the classification of texture terms in other languages. However, the results also revealed some characteristics that were unique to Japanese texture vocabulary, such as a wide variety of terms concerned with stickiness and elasticity.Practical ApplicationsDeveloping a comprehensive list of texture terms in every language is necessary for comparing terms between languages, as well as for sensory evaluation within each language. The data obtained in this study can be applied to preliminary lexicons of descriptive sensory evaluation of texture. Classification of texture terms helps sensory evaluation researchers to define descriptors and to train panelists. The data also provide useful clues for worldwide understanding of Japanese texture terms.