bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large and irregular population fluctuations in migratory Pacific (Calidris alpina pacifica) and Atlantic (C. a. hudsonica) dunlins are driven by density‐dependence and climatic factors
Authors: Xu Cailin , Barrett Jennifer , Lank David B. , Ydenberg Ronald C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the forces driving population dynamics is critical for species conservation and population management. For migratory birds, factors that regulate population abundance could come from effects experienced on breeding areas, wintering grounds, or during migration. We compiled survey data for Pacific and Atlantic subspecies of dunlins (Calidris alpina pacificaandC. a. hudsonica) from range‐wide Christmas bird counts (1975–2010), and investigated the influences on this population index of density‐dependence, falcon numbers, a set of seasonal environmental conditions during breeding, migration and non‐breeding periods, and large‐scale meteorological measures. For both sub‐species, numbers fluctuated irregularly, varying threefold over the survey period, with no long‐term upward or downward trend. Based on Royama's general model framework, the change in numbers between successive years for both sub‐species was negatively affected by the total count in the previous year (i.e., negative density‐dependence) and by the eastward component of storm movement during fall migration, with slower motion associated with higher population growth. The remaining environmental factors differed between the sub‐species (snowmelt date on the Pacific, temperature on the Atlantic) or acted in opposite directions (soil moisture). The directional effects of each of these factors are consistent with the biology of dunlin, and together they explain 67.4 (72.9 %) of the variation in the rate of change of Pacific (Atlantic) dunlin annual counts. Falcon numbers were not predictive, despite a tenfold increase in abundance, suggesting compensatory mortality. This study highlights directions for future studies, and provides a model for the analysis of other migratory species.
Synthesis, Characterization and Inhibition Performance of Vanillin‐Modified Chitosan Quaternary Ammonium Salts for Q235 Steel Corrosion in HCl Solution
Authors: Wang Qinghai , Zhang Jing , Shi Dali , Du Min 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn order to enhance the solubility of chitosan in water and its corrosion inhibition performance on Q235 steel in 1 M HCl solution, N‐vanillyl‐O‐2′‐hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan (VHTC) was synthesized. The structure of VHTC was characterized by FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The corrosion inhibition performance of VHTC on Q235 steel in 1 M HCl solution was studied by weight loss, polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and stereo microscope analysis. Experimental results indicate that VHTC shows better inhibition efficiency compared to chitosan. When the concentration of VHTC increases to 200 mg L−1, the inhibition efficiency reaches 90 %, which is almost equal to the conventional corrosion inhibitors (e.g., imidazoline). The polarization study demonstrates that VHTC is a mixed‐type inhibitor caused by a geometrical blanketing effect. The charge transfer resistance is proportional to the inhibitor concentration as revealed by the EIS results, indicating that the protective film on the Q235 steel surface is formed by adsorption of the inhibitor molecules. The inhibition efficiency of VHTC achieves the maximum value within 24 h when the concentration of VHTC is 200 mg L−1. The morphology observation of the corroded steel surface indicates that the corrosion of Q235 steel in 1 M HCl solution is significantly inhibited after introducing VHTC into the acidic solution.
Oil‐Fat Mixtures with Low Solid Fat Concentration: Influence of Fat Concentration and Cooling Conditions
Authors: Irmscher Stefan B. , Gibis Monika , Herrmann Kurt , Kohlus Reinhard , Weiss Jochen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUniform suspension of particulates (salt or spices) in oil‐based marinades requires a gel behavior of the matrix. This can be achieved by adding a solid fat to the liquid oil. Besides rheology, appearance and thermal stability are important for the utilization as marinades. The influence of solid fat concentration (cfat = 2.5–5.5 wt%) and average cooling speed (1.4, 2.6, and 4.7 °C/min) on the functional properties of oil‐fat gels from palm fat and canola oil was investigated. Oil‐fat mixtures showed complex physiochemical behavior depending on the solid fat concentration and cooling rate. All samples had a shear‐thinning behavior. Yield stresses and apparent viscosities increased at a constant cooling rate with increasing solid fat concentration. Frequency dependence of storage and loss modulus showed a transition from a viscous solution to a weak gel at cfat > 3.5 wt%. Samples at increasing cooling rates transitioned to weak gels at lower fat concentration (2.5 wt%). Mixtures became turbid and increasingly whiter as both solid fat concentration and cooling rates increased, which was explained by increased light‐scattering by fat crystal aggregates. Results show the critical importance of proper formulation and preparation conditions on the functionality of oil‐based marinades.
Synthesis of Glycerol Triacetate Using a Brønsted–Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquid as the Catalyst
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Wang Aiting , Liu Zhiguo , Li Lu , Yu Shitao , Xie Congxia , Liu Fusheng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBrønsted–Lewis acidic ionic liquids (IL) were used in the esterification of glycerol and acetic acid to produce glycerol triacetate. The results show that the IL (3–sulfonic acid)–propyltriethylammonium chloroironinate [HO3S–(CH2)3–NEt3]Cl–[FeCl3]x (molar fraction of FeCl3, x = 0.67) was an efficient catalyst for the esterification reaction. The yield of glycerol triacetate and its content were greater than 98 % when reacted under reflux for 4 h. It was observed that a synergistic effect of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites enhanced the catalytic performance of IL. The reusability of IL was good. After six reaction cycles, the glycerol triacetate yield and concentration were still greater than 98 %. Likewise, the Brønsted–Lewis acidic IL was an efficient catalyst for esterification reactions of high boiling points alcohols with acetic acid.
Investigation of Heat‐Induced Degradation of Virgin Olive Oil Using Front Face Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analysis
Authors: Mbesse Kongbonga Yvon , Ghalila Hassen , Majdi Youssef , Mbogning Feudjio William , Ben Lakhdar Zohra 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA simple setup using a 365‐nm light‐emitting diode coupled to a USB spectrometer through an optical fiber, in a front‐face fluorescence configuration, was used to investigate the heat‐induced deterioration of virgin olive oil at different heating temperatures and times. The samples were heated for 30, 60, 120 and 180 min for every temperature setting of 140, 160 and 180 °C, respectively. Two important results are reported in this article. First, a neo‐formed compound around 665 nm due to the degradation of chlorophyll was observed. This new peak was attributed to pyropheophytins. The second result showed an important rise of the peak around 489 nm, which corresponded to the oxidation products. The correlation obtained between the peroxide value and the 489 nm peak using principal component analysis revealed the mechanism of the oxidation process. It further showed that the peak around 489 nm is a direct consequence of the degradation of hydroperoxide.
Pin tract infection of operatively treated supracondylar fractures in children: Long-term functional outcomes and anatomical study
Authors: Parikh Shital N. , Lykissas Marios G. , Roshdy Mazen , Mineo Ronald C. , Wall Eric J. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose The purpose of our study was to determine the long-term functional outcomes of pin tract infection after percutaneous pinning of displaced supracondylar humeral fractures in children, and to evaluate the potential for intracapsular pin placement based on pin configuration in cadaveric elbows. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all patients requiring percutaneous pinning in a single institution over a 19-year period. The functional outcome assessment consisted of a telephone interview using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH)] Outcome Measure and the Patient-Rated Elbow Evaluation (PREE) questionnaires. The risk of intracapsular pin placement was studied in cadaveric elbows for the three most common pin configurations: divergent lateral, parallel lateral, and medial and lateral crossed pins. Results Of 490 children, 21 (4.3 %) developed pin tract infection. There were 15 (3.1 %) superficial and six (1.2 %) deep infections (osteomyelitis and septic arthritis). Both DASH and PREE scores were excellent at a mean of 18 years post-surgery. The risk of intracapsular pin placement using parallel lateral pins was found to be greater ( p < 0.05) than either crossed or divergent lateral pinning configurations. Conclusions Most infections after pinning of supracondylar humerus fractures are superficial and can be managed with pin removal, oral antibiotics, and local wound care. Septic arthritis and osteomyelitis are rare complications; when they do occur, they seem to be associated with parallel lateral pin configuration, though a causal relationship could not be established from the current study. Satisfactory long-term outcomes of these deep infections can be expected when treated aggressively with surgical debridement and intravenous antibiotics.
Project managers’ overconfidence: how is risk reflected in anticipated project success?
Authors: Fabricius Golo , Büttgen Marion 
Published: August 2015

AbstractProjects tend to exceed planned timelines and budgets. One reason may be that potential project risks are insufficiently reflected in anticipations of project success. Furthermore, project managers’ overconfidence may lead them to assess risk in a biased manner. The present study examines how risk assessment relates to overall anticipated project success and how overconfidence on the part of project managers influences such assessments. We assume that project managers’ risk awareness serves as a mediator between overconfidence and risk assessment. To observe the planning behavior of 204 project managers, we used a standardized, case-based survey. The results show that overconfidence reduces risk awareness among project managers, leading them to assess risks more optimistically and come to more positive conclusions about anticipated project success. When judging project success, project managers only consider the probability of a risk occurring; they do not factor in the impact of said risks on project success should the risks arise. Risks thus seem to be insufficiently reflected in anticipations of project success which might be a reason for high failure rates of projects.
A peer‐nomination assessment of electronic forms of aggression and victimization
Authors: Badaly Daryaneh , Duong Mylien T. , Ross Alexandra C. , Schwartz David 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe perpetration and receipt of electronic aggression have largely been assessed with self‐report questionnaires. Using a sample of 573 adolescents, the current study compared the psychometric properties of a peer‐nomination measure of electronic aggression and victimization to the more widely used self‐report approach. Estimates of the reliability, stability, and concordance of peer‐ and self‐report assessments were adequate, mirroring those from research on aggressive exchanges in school. Analyses of validity and utility revealed that peer‐nominations, compared to self‐reports, provide overlapping and distinct information on adolescents' social, emotional, and academic adjustment. Overall, these findings provide evidence that peer‐nominations are a reliable, valid, and useful means for measuring electronic aggression and victimization. Future work will benefit from their incorporation into multi‐method assessments.
ERK1, 2, and 5 expression and activation in dopaminergic brain regions during postnatal development
Authors: Parmar Mayur S. , Jaumotte Juliann D. , Zigmond Michael J. , Cavanaugh Jane E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDegeneration and dysfunctioning of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain have been associated with serious neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Elucidating the underlying neurobiology of these neurons during early postnatal development may provide important information regarding the etiology of these disorders. Cellular signaling pathways have been shown to regulate postnatal neuronal development. Among several signaling pathways, extracellular‐regulated mitogen kinases (ERK) 1, 2, and 5 have been shown to be crucial for the survival and function of dopaminergic neurons. In this study, the basal expression and activation of ERK1, 2, and 5 were studied during postnatal development in regions rich in DA cells and terminals. In the striatum (STR) and ventral mesencephalon regions of the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), ERK5 expression and activation were high during early postnatal days and declined with aging. Interestingly, sharp increases in phosphorylated or activated ERK1 and ERK2 were observed at postnatal day (PND) 7 in the SN and VTA. In contrast, in the STR, the levels of phosphorylated ERK1 and 2 were significantly higher at PND0 than at any other PND examined. Overall, the understanding of alterations in ERK signaling in regions rich in DA cells and DA terminals during postnatal neuronal development may provide information about their role in regulation of dopamine neuronal development which may ultimately provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of dopamine neurodegeneration.
Developmental changes in the hypothalamic mRNA levels of prepro‐orexin and orexin receptors and their sensitivity to fasting in male and female rats
Authors: Iwasa Takeshi , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Munkhzaya Munkhsaikhan , Tungalagsuvd Altankhuu , Kuwahara Akira , Yasui Toshiyuki , Irahara Minoru 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOrexin, which is also called as hypocretin (Hcrt), a product of the prepro‐orexin (pp‐orexin//Hcrt) gene, affects various physiological and behavioral functions, such as the sleep‐wake cycle and appetite. The developmental changes in the hypothalamic mRNA levels of pp‐prexin and the orexin receptors OX1R and OX2R and their sensitivity to fasting were evaluated in both male and female rats. During development, hypothalamic pp‐orexin/Hcrt mRNA expression increased in both male and female rats, whereas hypothalamic OX1R mRNA expression decreased in both sexes. In addition, hypothalamic OX2R mRNA expression increased in male rats, but did not change in female rats. Fasting did not affect hypothalamic pp‐orexin/Hcrt mRNA expression in either sex. Hypothalamic OX1R mRNA expression was increased by fasting in the prepubertal period (postnatal days 20 and 30) in female rats, but was not affected by fasting in males. In male rats, hypothalamic OX2R mRNA expression was decreased by fasting during the neonatal period (postnatal day 10), but not the prepubertal period (postnatal days 20 and 30). In females, hypothalamic OX2R mRNA expression was also decreased by fasting; however, the fasting‐induced downregulation of hypothalamic OX2R expression persisted until postnatal day 20. These results indicate that the developmental patterns of components of the orexin system and their sensitivity to fasting during the neonatal and prepubertal periods only differ slightly between the sexes. These differences might be involved in the development of some physiological and behavioral functions.
Utility of invasive ictal EEG recordings in pre-surgical evaluation of patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and normal MRI
Authors: Chung Jeffrey , Meador Kimford , Eisenschenk Stephan , Ghacibeh Georges , Vergara Deborah , Eliashiv Dawn , Roper Steven 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurpose Some previous studies have suggested that invasive ictal recording may be omitted in patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) that have localizing scalp ictal recordings despite having normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated if and how often invasive ictal recording provided additional information to their pre-surgical evaluations.Methods In a retrospective review of 302 patients with intractable TLE who underwent pre-surgical evaluation between 1991 and 2006, we identified 45 patients who had normal MRI. Localization by scalp ictal recording, invasive ictal recording, and surgical procedures were obtained from medical records. Primary outcome was measured by comparing the concordance of localization by scalp and invasive ictal recordings and surgery to determine if invasive ictal recording provided additional information.Results Twenty-five patients were included in the analysis. Invasive ictal recordings were concordant in 72.0% (18/25) of the patients with unilateral temporal onset found on scalp ictal recording. 28.0% (7/25) of patients had their surgical plan altered by the results of invasive ictal recording. 61.1% (11/18) of patients who received anterior temporal lobectomies (ATL) remained seizure-free. Of the patients who received different surgeries based on invasive ictal recording, 80.0% (4/5) remained seizure-free.Conclusions Our study showed that findings from invasive ictal recording changed the type of surgery in 28.0% of the patients. Invasive ictal recording may not be an absolute prerequisite for resective epilepsy surgery in some patients with intractable TLE with a supposedly normal MRI of the brain but may alter the surgical decision.
Diagnosis and treatment of dementia in neurology outpatient departments of general hospitals in China
Authors: Jia Jianping , Zuo Xiumei , Jia Xiang‐Fei , Chu Changbiao , Wu Liyong , Zhou Aihong , Wei Cuibai , Tang Yi , Li Dan , Qin Wei , Song Haiqing , Ma Qingfeng , Li Junjie , Sun Yongxin , Min Baoquan , Xue Sufang , Xu Erhe , Yuan Quan , Wang Min , Huang Xiaoqin , Fan Chunqiu , Liu Jianghong , Ren Yi , Jia Qian , Wang Qi , Jiao Lidong , Xing Yi , Wu Xiaoguang ,   China Cognition and Aging Study (China COAST) Group
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe status of dementia diagnosis and treatment of neurology outpatients in general hospitals in China remains unclear.MethodsFrom neurology outpatients at 36 randomly selected hospitals, we first collected baseline data concerning the number of dementia doctors, memory clinics, and patients diagnosed with dementia. In stage 2, we intervened based on drawbacks discovered in stage 1, implementing a dementia initiative program. In stage 3, we reinvestigated the outpatients to determine the effects of intervention.ResultsAfter intervention, all 36 hospitals had established memory clinics (205 dementia doctors) compared with only 6 (47 dementia doctors) before intervention. The percentage of patients diagnosed with dementia significantly increased from 0.10% (536 dementia patients of 553,986 outpatients) in stage 1 to 0.41% (2482 dementia patients of 599,214 outpatients) in stage 3.DiscussionProper diagnosis and treatment are unavailable to many dementia patients because of a lack of dementia doctors and memory clinics in China.
Perioperative management for the prevention of bacterial infection in cardiac implantable electronic device placement
Authors: Imai Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) have become important in the treatment of cardiac disease and placement rates increased significantly in the last decade. However, despite the use of appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis, CIED infection rates are increasing disproportionately to the implantation rate. CIED infection often requires explantation of all hardware, and at times results in death. Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common cause of CIED infection as a pocket infection. The best method of combating CIED infection is prevention. Prevention of CIED infections comprises three phases: before, during, and after device implantation. The most critical factors in the prevention of SSIs are detailed operative techniques including the practice of proper technique by the surgeon and surgical team.
Effects of sugammadex on the prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions
Authors: Şahin Hasan , Toman Hüseyin , Kiraz Hasan Ali , Şimşek Tuncer , Erbaş Mesut , Özkul Faruk , Arık Muhammet Kasım , Hancı Volkan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMany materials and techniques have been used to prevent and repair intra‐abdominal adhesions, but an effective solution has not been found. The aim of this study is to research the effect of sugammadex on intra‐abdominal adhesions in an experimentally induced intra‐abdominal adhesion model. Twenty‐four female Wistar albino rats were included in the study. The experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups: the sugammadex group (Group SX, n = 8), the control group (Group C, n = 8), and the sham group (Group S, n = 8). After starvation for 1 night, the rats were injected with a 50 mg/kg intramuscular dose of ketamine and a 5 mg/kg intramuscular dose of xylazine for anesthesia. The rats in the SX group were given 3 mL sugammadex into the peritoneal cavity, while rats in the control group were given 3 mL 0.9% sodium chloride. In the sham group, the peritoneal cavity was opened, but no chemicals were administered. All rats were sacrificed on the 10th postoperative day. The adhesions were staged as 0, 1, 2, and 3 according to Evans et al.'s model. Our evaluation of macroscopic adhesion intensity found statistically significant differences between the groups. The sugammadex group was observed to have fewer adhesions in a statistically significant manner compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In our experimental intra‐abdominal adhesion model in rats, we observed that sugammadex prevented postoperative intra‐abdominal adhesions.