bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the impact and control of an invasive alien: the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in Great Britain, as determined from regional surveys
Authors: Mayle Brenda A , Broome Alice C 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe grey squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, was introduced into sites in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland from the United States and Canada between 1876 and 1929. Soon after its introduction there were reports of damage to trees by seasonal bark stripping activity. Surveys in state and private forests since 1954 have monitored their distribution and impacts. Two surveys also gathered information on control efforts used to minimise damage. Grey squirrel population range has expanded significantly in Britain over the last 50 years and continues to do so. Survey results show high variability between years in damage recorded, consistent with the understanding that damage is triggered by high numbers of juveniles entering the population following a good breeding season. Results also show high variability between tree species in levels of damage recorded, but that thin‐barked tree species are most at risk of damage from grey squirrels. Further, results show that the economic cost of damage can be high and that control measures will be ineffective if not appropriately targeted. The findings support suggestions that grey squirrels in mainland Europe should be eradicated to prevent future population expansion and any accompanying impacts on commercial timber crops. © Crown copyright 2013. Reproduced with permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Locating apoptosis proteins by incorporating the signal peptide cleavage sites into the general form of Chou's Pseudo amino acid composition
Authors: Qin Yufang , Zheng Li , Huang Jifeng 
Published: January 2013

AbstractApoptosis proteins play an essential role in the development and homeostasis of an organism. The accurate prediction of subcellular location for apoptosis proteins is helpful for understanding the mechanism of programmed cell death and their biological functions. In this article, a new apoptosis proteins localization algorithm, named PSSP, is proposed based on the predicted cleavage sites of primary protein sequences. First, protein chains are divided into N‐terminal signal parts and mature protein parts according to their predicted cleavage sites by SignalP. Then, amino acid composition (ACC) of the individual subsequence together with pseudo‐ACC and stereochemical properties of whole chain were extracted to represent a given protein sequence. Jackknife test by support vector machine on three broadly used datasets (ZD98, ZW225, and CL317 datasets) of apoptosis proteins demonstrated that the total accuracies by this approach are 93.9, 87.6, and 91.5%, respectively. In addition, an independent nonapoptosis benchmark dataset (NNPSL) was also used to evaluate the performance of this method, and predictive accuracies for eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins are also comparable to existing methods. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Entwicklung einer integrierten Verbunddecke für nachhaltige Stahlbauten
Authors: Hegger Josef , Claßen Martin , Schaumann Peter , Sothmann Jörg , Feldmann Markus , Döring Bernd 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntegrated composite floor‐slab‐systems for sustainable steel structures. Integrated and multifunctional floor‐slab‐systems have great potential to benefit the planning, construction and operation of sustainable buildings. In the present paper the development of a sustainable slab‐system is presented which incorporates building services and technical installations into the structural element by means of an integrated installation floor. Due to a prestressed concrete chord at the bottom side of the cross‐section, the slab‐system features improved physical and fire protection characteristics and provides wide spans for increased flexibility at the same time. The paper illustrates the complex interactions between the disciplines of building services, building physics, structural engineering and fire protection and gives an outlook on future investigations.
Instandhaltungsstrategien als Basis für die ganzheitliche Bewertung von Stahl‐ und Verbundbrücken nach Kriterien der Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Maier Philippa , Friedrich Heinz , Kaschner Rolf , Mensinger Martin , Pfaffinger Marjolaine , Sedlbauer Klaus , Fischer Matthias , Lenz Katrin , Beck Tabea , Ummenhofer Thomas , Zinke Tim 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDie Berücksichtigung aller Einflüsse im gesamten Lebenszyklus einer Brücke bildet die Grundlage für Nachhaltigkeitsanalysen. Hierfür müssen Instandhaltungsszenarien auf Basis von Erneuerungszyklen für die einzelnen Bauteilgruppen – das sind Lager, Fahrbahnübergänge, Kappen etc. – definiert werden. Dieser Beitrag leitet drei Strategien für den deutschen Raum her, die für die Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Brückenbauwerken angewendet werden können. Die Auswertungen der in Deutschland vorhandenen empirischen Datenbasis bildet hierfür die Grundlage. Zwei Strategien werden abschließend an einer Referenzbrücke als Autobahnüberführung in Integralbauweise zur Anwendung gebracht und mit Hilfe einer Ökobilanzierung, als Teil einer Nachhaltigkeitsanalyse, aus ökologischer Sicht bewertet.Maintenance strategies as a basis for the holistic assessment of steel and composite bridges according to criteria of sustainability. The consideration of all impacts during the life cycle of a bridge is essential for sustainability analyses. For this purpose maintenance scenarios based on of renewal cycles for all components of a bridge – i. e. bearings, expansion joints, caps, etc. – have to be defined. In this article three maintenance strategies for Germany are derived from an empirical database. This database is analyzed to develop input parameters which can be used for sustainability analyses. Concluding, two strategies are applied to a reference bridge as integral crossing of a motorway and evaluated by using the method of life cycle assessment, as one part of sustainability analyses.
Neubau von zwei flügelartigen Überdachungsbauwerken in Monocoque‐Bauweise für den ZOB Schwäbisch Hall
Authors: Engelsmann Stephan , Peters Stefan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDer Neubau von zwei Überdachungsbauwerken ist Teil der Baumaßnahme ZOB (Zentraler Omnibusbahnhof) Schwäbisch Hall. Erscheinungsbild und Form der beiden sehr schlanken, flügelartigen Überdachungsbauwerke in Monocoque‐Bauweise sind abgestimmt auf die städtebaulich‐architektonischen Randbedingungen. Der Beitrag beschreibt den Tragwerksentwurf für die beiden Überdachungsbauwerke sowie deren Tragverhalten.Design of two wing‐like roofs in monocoque building technique for central bus station Schwäbisch Hall, Germany. Two roofs are part of the project ZOB (central bus station) Schwäbisch Hall. Appearance and form of these extremely slender wing‐like roofs in monocoque building technique have been adjusted to urban as well as architectural planning aspects. This article describes the structural design process for both roof structures as well as their structural behaviour.
Clinical Diagnosis and Wide-Awake Surgical Treatment of Proximal Median Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow: A Prospective Study
Authors: Hagert Elisabet 
Published: January 2013

Background Proximal median nerve entrapment (PMNE, or pronator syndrome) at the elbow has traditionally been considered an elusive and rare diagnosis, as it is seldom detectable using electrophysiological techniques. In this paper, the clinical manifestations, physical diagnosis, surgical technique, and results of surgical treatment of PMNE are presented, with accompanying instructional video. Patients/Methods During 2011, 44 patients with PMNE were surgically released and followed prospectively, 22 women/22 men, mean age 48.8 (range 25-66). The patients were equally distributed between right/left hands (23/21) and the dominant hand was treated in 56 % of cases. The diagnosis was based on: (1) weakness in median innervated muscles distal to the lacertus fibrosus; (2) pain upon pressure over the median nerve at the level of the lacertus fibrosus; and (3) positive scratch collapse test. A minimally invasive surgical treatment using only local anesthesia with lidocaine–epinephrine and no tourniquet was used, and direct perioperative return of strength in median innervated muscles was seen in all subjects. Results The average preoperative quick DASH was 35.4 (range 6.8–77.2); work DASH, 44.3 (6.25–100); and activity DASH, 61.6 (12.5–100). There were 71.1 % patients who completed the 6-month follow-up, and the average postoperative quick DASH was 12.7 (range 0–43.1), which is a statistically significant reduction ( p<0.0001; Student's paired t test). Similarly, the work and activity DASH was significantly reduced ( p<0.001) to 12.5 (0-75) and 6.25 (0-50), respectively. Conclusions PMNE at the level of the lacertus fibrosus should be called lacertus tunnel syndrome to distinguish it from other levels of median nerve entrapment. It is a clinical diagnosis based on three distinct clinical findings: weakness, pain over point of compression, and positive scratch collapse test. Surgical release in local anesthesia allows for a safe, ambulatory, and cost-efficient procedure with low morbidity.
Petrological and Geochemical Considerations to Predict Oil Potential of Rajpardi and Vastan Lignite Deposits of Gujarat, Western India
Authors: Singh Prakash K. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This paper entails the results of the investigations undertaken to assess the oil potential of two lignite deposits, Rajpardi and Vastan, from Gujarat, western India. They are ‘Low rank B’ type lignite. Petrographically, they are enriched in huminite and are low in liptinite and inertinite. Their elevated hydrogen content, in relation to carbon, has probably made them perhydrous in nature and oil prone. The reactivity of these coals during liquefaction has also been discussed in the light of petrofactor. Good correlation has been noticed between oil yield and conversion (r2 = 0.999) in both the lignite deposits. The VRr (0.24 – 0.35% in both lignites), H/C atomic ratio (0.11 – 1.39 in Rajpardi and 1.09 – 1.88 in Vastan), reactive maceral content (91.6 – 99.8 vol % mmf in Rajpardi lignite and 75.5 – 99.7 vol % in Vastan lignite) and VMdaf (64.8 – 67.9 wt % in Rajpardi lignite and 42.1 – 80.0 wt % in Vastan lignite) of these lignites have a favourable range required for a coal to generate oil. Huminite is seen to play a vital role in conversion and maintains a good correlation with it. The calculations show that these lignites have a high conversion (&gt; 95%) and oil yield (&gt; 65%).
Abundance and Size Variation of Globorotalia menardii in the Northeastern Indian Ocean During the Late Quaternary
Authors: Bhonsale Swati , Saraswat Rajeev 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Variation in absolute abundance, size and coiling direction ratio of the planktic foraminifera Globorotalia menardii during the late Quaternary have been studied in three cores, collected along a north-south transect from the northeastern Indian Ocean. Increased abundance and larger size is observed during the warm interglacial period, whereas, smaller and fewer G. menardii specimens are noted during the cold glacial periods. A comparatively better match between absolute abundance, size and oxygen isotopic composition of foraminifera as compared to carbon isotopic composition at all the locations indicates that the abundance and size of G. menardii is more affected by seawater temperature and salinity as compared to productivity changes. The amplitude and frequency of temporal changes in the abundance and size of G. menardii vary from core-to-core, indicating the influence of site-specific physico-chemical conditions. In comparison to the abundance and size, the coiling direction of G. menardii does not show any systematic change in any of the cores. The majority of the specimens coil sinistrally. We conclude that the absolute abundance and variation in the average size of G. menardii can be used to infer past climatic changes. However, the variation in coiling direction of G. menardii appears to be unaffected by late Quaternary paleoclimatic variations in the north-eastern Indian Ocean.
Benthic Foraminiferal Biofacies on the Shelf and Upper Continental Slope off North Kerala (Southwest India)
Authors: Nisha N. R. , Singh A. D. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:
This study examines benthic foraminifera (&gt;63 μm) both qualitatively and quantitatively, from 19 closely spaced surficial sediment samples covering 30 to 200 m water depths across the shelf and upper continental slope off north Kerala (SW India). A total of 59 species are recorded. The major constituents of benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the study area are fursenkoinids, bolivinids, nonionids, rotaliids, elphidiids, buliminids, miliolids, gavilinellids, amphestiginids, bagginids, vaginulinids, uvigerinids and various agglutinated taxa. Cluster analysis using Bray Curtis similarity index defines four sample groups, each typified by a characteristic assemblage representing a biofacies. The major benthic foraminiferal biofacies identified are: Biofacies I, Fursenkoina-Nonion-Ammonia beccarii s.l. (30-40 m); Biofacies II, Fursenkoina-Nonion (40-55 m); Biofacies III, Bolivina robusta-Hanzawaia-Cancris-Amphistegina and miliolids (55-115 m) and Biofacies IV, Bolivina persiensis- Uvigerina-Bulimina-Fursenkoina and agglutinants (115-200 m). Relict foraminifera, most commonly represented by shallow-water benthic taxa are concentrated on the outer shelf. The relict assemblage appears to be a product of late Pleistocene low sea level. The foraminiferal biofacies have a good correspondence with the bathymetrically distributed three major lithofacies across the shelf and the upper continental slope. We studied the distribution pattern of individual taxa constituting the biofacies. The study demonstrates a relationship between the pattern of distribution of major benthic fauna and the sediment-size and organic carbon content across the inner shelf to upper slope. Additionally, certain taxa appear to be sensitive to various hydrographic parameters, such as, Bulimina marginata to temperature and Fursenkoina complanata and Uvigerina ex gr. U. semiornata to dissolved oxygen level.
Study on the Saturation Index of the Carbonates in the Groundwater Using WATEQ4F, in Layered Coastal Aquifers of Pondicherry
Authors: Chidambaram S. , Prasanna M. V. , Singaraja C. , Thilagavathi R. , Pethaperumal S. , Tirumalesh K. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:
A study was conducted to bring out the relationship and behavior of different Saturation Index (SI) of carbonate minerals in layered coastal aquifers. Carbonates present in groundwater aids in different nature of the water like hardness, partial pressure of carbon-di-oxide (pCO2), pH and saturation index of different carbonate minerals at various temperatures. The SI of the carbonates helps us to define the thermodynamic stability of water and to find out the geochemical behavior of water. 98 groundwater samples were collected from specific aquifers (alluvium, upper Cuddalore, lower Cuddalore and Cretaceous) during Pre-Monsoon (May 2007) and Post-Monsoon (January 2008) seasons. The physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, HCO3, SO4 and PO4 were analyzed. Geochemical model, WATEQ4F was used to calculate the SI of different minerals. The SI was studied in relation to mHCO3 concentration, pCO2 and correlation between SI of different minerals.
Imaging the Debris Internal Structure and Estimating the Effect of Debris Layer on Ablation of Glacier Ice
Authors: Zhen Wu , Shiyin Liu 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:
This study is a comparative investigation of the debris layer and underlying ice of the Koxkar Glacier using multi-frequency GPR with antennae having different frequencies. Together with analysis of the fluctuation of the radar signal amplitude and polarity, the debris layer and underlying ice were analyzed on the basis of high-resolution GPR images. It was found that the optimal average velocity in the shallow layer (0–4 m) is 0.06 m/ns. Images obtained with different frequency antennas have different characteristics; and the performance of the 200 MHz antenna for a debris-covered glacier is the best. The interpretation of typical GPR image is validated by using FDTD numerical model. Combining the debris layer thickness and the underlying ice structure, the effect of debris layer on ablation of glacier ice and forecast of the glacier change in the aspect of thickness-thinning and glacier retreat can be estimated. This study can provide as a reference to the formation mechanisms and estimation of the ice volume of glaciers covered by debris.
3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography Survey for the Basement of the Abeokuta Terrain of Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Badmus B. S. , Akinyemi O. D. , Olowofela J. A. , Folarin G. M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Geological structures are 3-Dimensional (3D) in nature, thus 1-Dimensional and 2-Dimensional surveys cannot adequately model them. However, sophisticated 3D survey equipment are very expensive. In this study, a single-channel ABEM SAS 300B Terrameter was used to obtain 3D models of the subsurface.
This survey was carried out at three different locations within Abeokuta, a basement complex terrain of southwestern Nigeria. The area falls within longitudes 3.35° and 3.38° East and latitudes 7.22° and 7.46° North respectively, with coordinates of 2550.0 m North and 1724.2 m East. A manual 4-electrode system was used in the Electrical Resistivity Tomography survey at the three locations. Each location was marked into 7 by 7 square grids with 1 m, 3 m and 5 m unit electrode spacings in succession. The pole-pole array was used with the two remote electrodes placed at distances of 23 m, 40 m and 65 m from the grids of 1 m, 3 m and 5 m unit electrode spacings respectively, to reduce their telluric effects on the measured apparent resistivity values. To reduce survey time consumption, the cross-diagonal survey method was adopted. The data obtained were analysed using a 3D inversion software called RES3DINV and 3-Dimensional models of the subsurface were also generated using Slicer Dicer graphics software.
The study revealed layers extending to depths of 7.75 m, 23.2 m and 38.7 m for unit electrode spacings of 1 m, 3 m and 5 m respectively. It revealed resistivity values ranging from 7.3 Ωm to 300 Ωm for electrode spacing of 1.0 m; 13.8 Ωm to 200 Ωm for electrode spacing of 3 m and 3.9 Ωm to 200 Ωm for electrode spacing of 5 m at the first location. At the second location, it revealed resistivity values ranging from 0.53 Ωm to 120.0 Ωm for electrode spacing of 3 m and 0.30 Ωm to 100 Ωm for electrode spacing of 5 m. For electrode spacings of 1 m, 3 m and 5 m, resistivity values ranging from 6.1 Ωm to 600 Ωm, 12 Ωm to 600 Ωm and 0.85 Ωm to 1700 Ωm were obtained respectively at the third location.
Generally, this study revealed lithologies composed of lateritic soil, sand, sandstone, sandyclay, clayeysand, weathered rock, fractured rock, clay and fresh basement; to a depth of about 39 m. Also, location 3 was discovered to have good groundwater prospects; though not as good as for locations 1 and 2.
Genetic Characteristics of the Gozecukuru As-Sb Deposits near Kutahya, Turkey
Authors: Arik Fetullah 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:
Gözeçukuru As-Sb-Pb-Zn mine is located 1.2 km NW of Sahin village and 22 km west of Kütahya in NW Turkey. The aim of this study is to explain the genetic characteristics of the As-Sb deposits by using multivariate statistical analysis methods. Low-grade metamorphic rocks of the upper Paleozoic Sahin Formation occur as the basement of the study area. Cenozoic volcano-sedimentary units (Tavsanli volcanites and Emet Formation) overlie the Sahin Formation unconformably. The mineralization occurs mainly as veins and partly as disseminations and fillings of interstices in the rhyodacitic and rhyolitic tuffs of Tavsanli Volcanics. Common primary ore minerals are stibnite, realgar, galena, sphalerite, pyrite and arsenopyrite, and secondary minerals are orpiment, senarmontite and valentinite. Barite is the dominant gangue mineral, with a small amount of quartz, calcite and dolomite. Average As, Sb, Pb, Zn and Ba concentrations in the samples from the study area are 6.04%, 4938 ppm, 4589 ppm, 1.17% and 10.36 % respectively. Three significant groups appear in the cluster analysis of ore samples. First group consists of Pb-Ag and Zn-Cd. The second group consists of Sb-Tl-Hg and As. The last group is the Ba-Sr. There are three significant factors in the factor analysis. First factor reflects the formation of primary sulphide minerals, the second factor represents the formation of low temperature sulphide and sulphosalt minerals and the last factor depicts interstices-filling mineralization. Average homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusion in barites is 221 ° C. Geological, petrographical and geochemical data suggest that the Gözeçukuru As-Sb deposit was formed under epithermal conditions.
Corruption, the power of state and big business in Soviet and post-Soviet regimes
Authors: Shlapentokh Vladimir 
Published: January 2013

The growth of corruption after 1991 was probably unavoidable. The privatization of the state economy created favorable conditions for corruption, which did not exist before. The feudalization of a society, with its weakening of the state and the high autonomy of its office holders, was another major factor behind the outburst of corruption. However, while these “objective” factors account for a great part of corruption’s growth, the transformation of the leaders of the country to people who encouraged corruption for their own benefit—one of the major elements of feudalization—also played an extremely large role in spreading corruption inside the country.
Corruption poses greater concerns to society in the long term. Russian corruption undermines labor ethics, particularly among younger generations. Russian youths firmly believe that bribes and connections are the best and perhaps only way to become successful. Widespread corruption creates a parallel, semi-feudal chain of command that competes with the official hierarchy. The weakness of law enforcement agencies, as well as the army—now almost totally demoralized—is, to a great extent, the product of corruption.
Use of Handheld Sonar to Locate a Missing Diver
Authors: McGrane Owen , Cronin Aaron , Hile David 
Published: January 2013

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a handheld sonar device significantly reduces the mean time needed to locate a missing diver. Methods This institutional review board approved, prospective, crossover study used a voluntary convenience sample of 10 scuba divers. Participants conducted both a standard and modified search to locate a simulated missing diver. The standard search utilized a conventional search pattern starting at the point where the missing diver (simulated) was last seen. The modified search used a sonar beacon to augment the search. For each search method, successful completion of the search was defined as locating the missing diver within 40 minutes. Results Twenty total dives were completed. Using a standard search pattern, the missing diver was found by only 1 diver (10%), taking 18 minutes and 45 seconds. In the sonar-assisted search group, the missing diver was found by all 10 participants (100%), taking an average of 2 minutes and 47 seconds (SD 1 minute, 20 seconds). Using the nonparametric related samples Wilcoxon signed rank test, actual times between the sonar group and the standard group were significant ( P < .01). Using paired samples t tests, the sonar group's self-assessed confidence increased significantly after using the sonar ( P < .001), whereas the standard group decreased in confidence (not statistically significant, P = .111). Conclusions Handheld sonar significantly reduces the mean duration to locate a missing diver as well as increasing users' confidence in their ability to find a missing diver when compared with standard search techniques.