bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QuickTox™ Kit for QuickScan DON3 (Vomitoxin) Method Modification
Authors: Polakowski Sergiusz , Davis Alan H , Albert Andre L , Gow Brendan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Lateral flow technology and a reader-based systemare used for quantitative determination of deoxynivalenol (DON), also known as vomitoxin, residues in cereal grain commodities by the QuickTox Kit for QuickScan DON (Vomitoxin). The assay has been modified, and a study was conducted in support of a Performance Tested MethodSM (PTM) Modification. The modified assay employs identical biologic reagents as used previously (PTM No. 121202).Compared to the PTM certified product, the new assayuses modified device architecture. Multiple kits andcatalog numbers were required in the original kit reflecting the necessity for matrix specific calibration curves affixed to assay strips. A single calibration curve and kit are utilized in the new product; extraction volumes used in sample preparation are varied to accommodate multiple sample types. Extracts are clarified by filtration or settling depending onthe sample type. Filtration was used for matrixes examined in these studies. With the original product, the extract was mixed 1:1 with DB1 buffer followed by the addition of the strip which was developed for 10 min. The new product dilutes extracts five-fold offline in DB6 buffer; an aliquot of the dilution is moved to a reaction vial followed by strip development time for 3 min. The new assay performance was evaluated for linearity, robustness, selectivity (inclusivity), lot-to-lot consistency, and both internal and third party matrix studies. All DON positive samples yielded results within previously defined acceptable ranges with dose-dependent correlation values of R2 greater than 0.97 in linearity and internal and external matrix studies. Inclusivity data indicated detection of DON along with acetyl derivatives, glucoside-conjugate, and Nivalenol. Robustness studies showed within range results upon co-variation of multiple user interface parameters, and lot-to-lot consistency challenges demonstrated acceptable results across five manufactured lots.
Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) Method for the Determination of Limonene in Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Oil: Implications for Limonene Stability
Authors: Bernart Matthew W 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The citrus-derived bioactive monoterpene limoneneis an important industrial commodity and fragrance constituent. An RP isocratic elution C18 ultra-HPLC (UHPLC) method using a superficially porous stationary phase and photodiode array (PDA) detector has beendeveloped for determining the limonene content of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) oil. The method is fast with a cycle time of 1.2 min, linear, precise, accurate, specific, and stability indicating, and it satisfies U.S. Pharmacopeia suitability parameters. The method may be useful in its present form for limonene processing, or modified for research on more polar compounds of the terpenome. A forced-degradation experiment showed that limonene is degraded by heat in hydro-ethanolic solution. PDA detection facilitates classification of minor components of the essential oil, including β-myrcene.
Rapid disappearance of perennial ice on Canada's most northern lake
Authors: Paquette Michel , Fortier Daniel , Mueller Derek R. , Sarrazin Denis , Vincent Warwick F. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractField records, aerial photographs, and satellite imagery show that the perennial ice cover on Ward Hunt Lake at Canada's northern coast experienced rapid contraction and thinning after at least 50 years of relative stability. On all dates of sampling from 1953 to 2007, 3.5 to 4.3 m of perennial ice covered 65–85% of the lake surface in summer. The ice cover thinned from 2008 onward, and the lake became ice free in 2011, an event followed by 26 days of open water conditions in 2012. This rapid ice loss corresponded to a significant increase in melting degree days (MDD), from a mean (±SD) of 80.4 (±36.5) MDD (1996–2007) to 136.2 (±16.4) MDD (2008–2012). The shallow bathymetry combined with heat advection by warm inflows caused feedback effects that accelerated the ice decay. These observations show how changes across a critical threshold can result in the rapid disappearance of thick perennial ice.
Growth of the Maritime Continent and its possible contribution to recurring Ice Ages
Authors: Molnar Peter , Cronin Timothy W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe areal extent of the Maritime Continent (the islands of Indonesia and surrounding region) has grown larger by ~60% since 5 Ma. We argue that this growth might have altered global climate in two ways that would have contributed to making recurring Ice Ages possible. First, because rainfall over the islands of the Maritime Continent not only is heavier than that over the adjacent ocean but also correlates with the strength of the Walker Circulation, the growth of the Maritime Continent since 5 Ma may have contributed to the cooling of the eastern tropical Pacific since that time. Scaling relationships between the strength of the Walker Circulation and rainfall over the islands of the Maritime Continent and between sea surface temperature (SST) of the eastern tropical Pacific and the strength of easterly wind stress suggest that the increase in areal extent of islands would lead to a drop in that SST of 0.75°C. Although only a fraction of the 3–4°C decrease in SSTs between the eastern and western tropical Pacific, the growth of the Maritime Continent may have strengthened the Walker Circulation, increased the east‐west temperature gradient across the Pacific and thereby enabled ice sheets to wax and wane over Canada since 3 Ma. Second, because the weathering of basaltic rock under warm, moist conditions extracts CO2 from the atmosphere more rapidly than weathering of other rock or of basalt under cooler or drier conditions, the increase in weathering due to increasing area of basalt in the Maritime Continent may have drawn down enough CO2 from the atmosphere to affect global temperatures. Simple calculations suggest that increased weathering of basalt might have lowered global temperatures by 0.25°C, possibly important for the overall cooling.
Applications of trimode waveguide feeds in adaptive virtual array antennas
Authors: Allahgholi Pour Z. , Shafai Lotfollah 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the formation of an adaptive virtual array antenna in a symmetric parabolic reflector antenna illuminated by trimode circular waveguide feeds with different mode alignments. The modes of interest are the TE11, TE21, and TM01 type modes. The terms TE and TM stand for the transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes, respectively. By appropriately exciting these modes and varying the mode orientations inside the primary feed, the effective source of radiation is displaced on the reflector aperture, while the resulting secondary patterns remain axial. Different antenna parameters such as gain, cross polarization, and phase center locations are investigated. It is demonstrated that the extra third mode facilitates the formation of symmetric virtual array antennas with reasonable cross polarization discriminations at the diagonal plane.
The cranial morphology of the Botocudo Indians, Brazil
Authors: Strauss André , Hubbe Mark , Neves Walter A. , Bernardo Danilo V. , Atuí João Paulo V. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe Botocudo Indians were hunter‐gatherer groups that occupied the East‐Central regions of Brazil decimated during the colonial period in the country. During the 19th century, craniometric studies suggested that the Botocudo resembled more the Paleoamerican population of Lagoa Santa than typical Native Americans groups. These results suggest that the Botocudo Indians might represent a population that retained the biological characteristics of early groups of the continent, remaining largely isolated from groups that gave origin to the modern Native South American variation. Moreover, recently, some of the Botocudo remains have been shown to have mitochondrial and autosomal DNA lineages currently found in Polynesian populations. Here, we explore the morphological affinities of Botocudo skulls within a worldwide context. Distinct multivariate analyses based on 32 craniometric variables show that 1) the two individuals with Polynesian DNA sequences have morphological characteristics that fall within the Polynesian and Botocudo variation, making their assignation as Native American specimens problematic, and 2) there are high morphological affinities between Botocudo, Early Americans, and the Polynesian series of Easter Island, which support the early observations that the Botocudo can be seen as retaining the Paleoamerican morphology, particularly when the neurocranium is considered. Although these results do not elucidate the origin of the Polynesian DNA lineages among the Botocudo, they support the hypothesis that the Botocudo represent a case of late survival of ancient Paleoamerican populations, retaining the morphological characteristics of ancestral Late Pleistocene populations from Asia. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:202–216, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dental and Cranial Pathologies in Mice Lacking the Cl−/H+‐Exchanger ClC‐7
Authors: Wen Xin , Lacruz Rodrigo S. , Paine Michael L. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTClC‐7 is a 2Cl−/1H+‐exchanger expressed at late endosomes and lysosomes, as well as the ruffled border of osteoclasts. ClC‐7 deficiencies in mice and humans lead to impaired osteoclast function and therefore osteopetrosis. Failure of tooth eruption is also apparent in ClC‐7 mutant animals, and this has been attributed to the osteoclast dysfunction and the subsequent defect in alveolar bone resorptive activity surrounding tooth roots. Ameloblasts also express ClC‐7, and this study aims to determine the significance of ClC‐7 in enamel formation by examining the dentitions of ClC‐7 mutant mice. Micro‐CT analysis revealed that the molar teeth of 3‐week old ClC‐7 mutant mice had no roots, and the incisors were smaller than their age‐matched controls. Despite these notable developmental differences, the enamel and dentin densities of the mutant mice were comparable to those of the wild‐type littermates. Scanning electron microscopy showed normal enamel crystallite and prismatic organization in the ClC‐7 mutant mice, although the enamel was thinner (hypoplastic) than in controls. These results suggested that ClC‐7 was not critical to enamel and dentin formation, and the observed tooth defects may be related more to a resulting alveolar bone phenotype. Micro‐CT analysis also revealed abnormal features in the calvarial bones of the mutant mice. The cranial sutures in ClC‐7 mutant mice remained open compared to the closed sutures seen in the control mice at 3 weeks. These data demonstrate that ClC‐7 deficiency impacts the development of the dentition and calvaria, but does not significantly disrupt amelogenesis. Anat Rec, 298:1502–1508, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Involvement of GPR50 polymorphisms in depression: independent replication in a prospective elderly cohort
Authors: Ryan Joanne , Carrière Isabelle , Ritchie Karen , Ancelin Marie‐Laure 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionDespite the explosion in genetic association studies over the last decade, clearly identified genetic risk factors for depression remain scarce and replication studies are becoming increasingly important. G‐protein‐coupled receptor 50 (GPR50) has been implicated in psychiatric disorders in a small number of studies, although not consistently.MethodsData were obtained from 1010 elderly men and women from the prospective population‐based ESPRIT study. Logistic regression and survival models were used to determine whether three common GPR50 polymorphisms were associated with depression prevalence or the incidence of depression over 12‐years. The analyses were adjusted for a range of covariates such as comorbidity and cholesterol levels, to determine independent associations.ResultsAll three variants showed some evidence of an association with late‐life depression in women, although these were not consistent across outcomes, the overall effect sizes were relatively small, and most would not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. Women heterozygous for rs13440581, had a 1.6‐fold increased risk of baseline depression, while the odds of depression comorbid with anxiety were increased fourfold for women homozygous for the minor allele of rs2072621. When depressed women at baseline were excluded from the analysis, however, neither variant was associated with the 12‐year incidence of depression. In contrast, rs561077 was associated with a 1.8‐fold increased risk of incident depression specifically. No significant associations were observed in men.DiscussionOur results thus provide only weak support for the involvement of GPR50 variants in late‐life depression, which appear specific to certain subgroups of depressed individuals (i.e., women and those with more severe forms of depression).
Prevalence of renal impairment and use of nephrotoxic agents among patients with bone metastases from solid tumors in the United States
Authors: Arellano Jorge , Hernandez Rohini K. , Wade Sally W. , Chen Kristina , Pirolli Melissa , Quach David , Quigley Jane , Liede Alexander , Shahinian Vahakn B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe renal status of patients with bone metastases secondary to solid tumors and their treatment with nephrotoxic agents is not well characterized. This retrospective study analyzed electronic medical records data from US‐based oncology clinics to identify adult (age ≥18) solid tumor patients with first bone metastasis diagnosis and ≥1 serum creatinine recorded between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2013. Patients with multiple myeloma, multiple primary tumor types, acute renal failure, and/or end‐stage renal disease were excluded. Using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula, we determined the prevalence of renal impairment (RI: single estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] value <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) and chronic kidney disease (CKD: ≥2 eGFR values <60, at least 90 days apart). We also examined the use of intravenous bisphosphonates (IV BP) and other nephrotoxic agents. Approximately half of the 11,809 patients were female. Breast (34%) and lung (28%) tumors were the most common. At bone metastasis diagnosis, mean age was 67 years and 24% of patients exhibited RI. The 5‐year prevalence was 43% for RI and 71% for CKD among RI patients. Nearly half (46%) of CKD patients received IV BP in the 12 months following their confirming eGFR and 13% of these patients received at least one other nephrotoxic agent during that period. This is the first US‐based study to examine the prevalence of RI among patients with bone metastases from solid tumors. RI is common at bone metastases diagnosis, and a substantial proportion of patients develop RI or CKD as their disease progresses. Whenever possible, treatments that are potentially less damaging for the kidney should be considered for patients with or predisposed to RI.
RARβ regulates neuronal cell death and differentiation in the avian ciliary ganglion
Authors: Koszinowski Sophie , Boerries Melanie , Busch Hauke , Krieglstein Kerstin 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTProgrammed cell death during chicken ciliary ganglion (CG) development is mostly discussed as an extrinsically regulated process, guided either by the establishment of a functional balance between preganglionic and postganglionic activity or the availability of target‐derived neurotrophic factors. We found that the expression of the gene coding for the nuclear retinoic acid receptor β (RARB) is transiently upregulated prior to and during the execution phase of cell death in the CG. Using retroviral vectors, the expression of RARB was knocked down during embryonic development in ovo. The knockdown led to a significant increase in CG neuron number after the cell death phase. BrdU injections and active caspase‐3 staining revealed that this increase in neuron number was due to an inhibition of apoptosis during the normal cell death phase. Furthermore, apoptotic neuron numbers were significantly increased at a stage when cell death is normally completed. While the cholinergic phenotype of the neurons remained unchanged after RARB knockdown, the expression of the proneural gene Cash1 was increased, but somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity, a hallmark of the mature choroid neuron population, was decreased. Taken together, these results point toward a delay in neuronal differentiation as well as cell death. The availability of nuclear retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) and RARβ‐induced transcription of genes could therefore be a new intrinsic cue for the maturation of CG neurons and their predisposition to undergo cell death. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 1204–1218, 2015
Development of the stria vascularis and potassium regulation in the human fetal cochlea: Insights into hereditary sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Locher Heiko , de Groot John C.M.J. , van Iperen Liesbeth , Huisman Margriet A. , Frijns Johan H.M. , Chuva de Sousa Lopes Susana M. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTSensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most common congenital disorders in humans, afflicting one in every thousand newborns. The majority is of heritable origin and can be divided in syndromic and nonsyndromic forms. Knowledge of the expression profile of affected genes in the human fetal cochlea is limited, and as many of the gene mutations causing SNHL likely affect the stria vascularis or cochlear potassium homeostasis (both essential to hearing), a better insight into the embryological development of this organ is needed to understand SNHL etiologies. We present an investigation on the development of the stria vascularis in the human fetal cochlea between 9 and 18 weeks of gestation (W9–W18) and show the cochlear expression dynamics of key potassium‐regulating proteins. At W12, MITF+/SOX10+/KIT+ neural‐crest‐derived melanocytes migrated into the cochlea and penetrated the basement membrane of the lateral wall epithelium, developing into the intermediate cells of the stria vascularis. These melanocytes tightly integrated with Na+/K+‐ATPase‐positive marginal cells, which started to express KCNQ1 in their apical membrane at W16. At W18, KCNJ10 and gap junction proteins GJB2/CX26 and GJB6/CX30 were expressed in the cells in the outer sulcus, but not in the spiral ligament. Finally, we investigated GJA1/CX43 and GJE1/CX23 expression, and suggest that GJE1 presents a potential new SNHL associated locus. Our study helps to better understand human cochlear development, provides more insight into multiple forms of hereditary SNHL, and suggests that human hearing does not commence before the third trimester of pregnancy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 1219–1240, 2015
Synaptic localization of α5 GABA (A) receptors via gephyrin interaction regulates dendritic outgrowth and spine maturation
Authors: Brady Megan L. , Jacob Tija C. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTGABAAreceptor subunit composition is a critical determinant of receptor localization and physiology, with synaptic receptors generating phasic inhibition and extrasynaptic receptors producing tonic inhibition. Extrasynaptically localized α5 GABAAreceptors are largely responsible for tonic inhibition in hippocampal neurons. However, we show here that inhibitory synapses also contain a constant level of α5 GABAAreceptors throughout neuronal development, as measured by its colocalization with gephyrin, the inhibitory postsynaptic scaffolding protein. Immunoprecipitation of the α5 subunit from both cultured neurons and adult rat brain coimmunoprecipitated gephyrin, confirming this interactionin vivo. Furthermore, the α5 subunit can interact with gephyrin independent of other synaptically localized alpha subunits, as shown by immunoprecipitation experiments in HEK cells. By replacing the α5 predicted gephyrin binding domain (Residues 370–385) with either the high affinity gephyrin binding domain of the α2 subunit or homologous residues from the extrasynaptic α4 subunit that does not interact with gephyrin, α5 GABAAreceptor localization shifted into or out of the synapse, respectively. These shifts in the ratio of synaptic/extrasynaptic α5 localization disrupted dendritic outgrowth and spine maturation. In contrast to the predominant view of α5 GABAAreceptors being extrasynaptic and modulating tonic inhibition, we identify an intimate association of the α5 subunit with gephyrin, resulting in constant synaptic levels of α5 GABAAR throughout circuit formation that regulates neuronal development. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 1241–1251, 2015
High temperature intensifies negative density dependence of fitness in red flour beetles
Authors: Halliday William D. , Thomas Alison S. , Blouin‐Demers Gabriel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCompetition for food, space, or other depletable resources has strong impacts on the fitness of organisms and can lead to a pattern known as negative density dependence, where fitness decreases as population density increases. Yet, many resources that have strong impacts on fitness are nondepletable (e.g., moisture or temperature). How do these nondepletable resources interact with depletable resources to modify negative density dependence? We tested the hypothesis that negative density dependence is modulated by temperature in red flour beetles and tested the prediction that the strength of negative density dependence should decrease as temperature decreases. We measured the number of eggs laid, offspring development time, and the number of offspring that reached maturity at three temperatures and two food treatment combinations as we simultaneously manipulated adult population density. We demonstrated that low temperatures weaken negative density dependence in the number of eggs laid; this pattern was most evident when food was abundant. Density had no effect on development time, but low temperatures increased development time. The percent of eggs that emerged as adults decreased with both density and temperature and increased with food. Temperature, an abiotic driver, can thus modulate density‐dependent processes in ectotherms. Therefore, models of population growth for ectotherms should incorporate the effects of temperature.