bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMMUNICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF FAMILY CAREGIVING: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF UGANDAN CHILDREN ON ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
Authors: Kajubi P. , Katahoire Anne R. , Kyaddondo David , Whyte Susan R. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIt is important to consider the complexities of family dynamics when deciding when and how to communicate with HIV-infected children about their illness and treatment. Previous research has focused on providers’ and caregivers’ perspectives on whether, when and how to disclose HIV/AIDS diagnosis and treatment to HIV-infected children. From the perspective of HIV-infected children, communication does not mean just giving information about illness and treatment, but also encompasses emotional and material care. This paper places communication within the broader framework of caregiving in family situations. This exploratory study was conducted in Jinja district, Uganda, between November 2011 and December 2012. Through participant observation and in-depth interviews, communication by, and with, HIV-infected children in the context of family situations was explored from the perspectives of 29 HIV-infected children aged 8–17 years on antiretroviral therapy (ART) using content thematic analysis. Children’s communication with caregivers about their illness and treatment varied depending on whom they were living with and the nature of caregiving. Although a mother’s care was considered best, children described others who cared ‘like a mother’. For some, caregiving was distributed among several relatives and non-relatives, while others felt they had hardly anyone to care for them. Caregiving from the children’s perspective involved emotional support, expressed verbally and explicitly in messages of concern, encouragement conveyed in reminders to take medicines, attention when sick and confidential conversations about the challenges of having HIV and taking ART. Caregiving was also communicated implicitly in acts of provision of food/drinks to take with medicines, counting pills to confirm they had taken the medicines and accompanying children to treatment centres. Children’s communication about their health and medicines and the care they received was to a large extent shaped by the nature of their relatedness to their caregivers, the extent to which caregiving was dispersed among several people and who else in the household was infected with HIV and on medication.
Psychological health and well-being among young Irish adults
Authors: Cleary Anne , Nixon Elizabeth , Fitzgerald Michael 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to examine and describe levels of psychological health and well-being in a group of young people living in Dublin.Method: A sample of 97 young people (50 males, 47 females) were assessed for psychological status, suicidal ideation, substance misuse, contact with the law, self-esteem and locus of control as well as various social indicators such as educational attainment and social connectedness. A screening version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis Diagnosis (SCID) was used to assess psychological functioning and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was employed to ascertain suicidal ideation. Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and locus of control was measured using a scale devised by Pearlin, Menaghan, Lieberman and Mullan (1981).Results: Symptom levels were high and approximately one fifth of respondents had a probable psychiatric condition (most commonly depression or anxiety). Yet, only a small percentage was receiving treatment for psychiatric difficulties. Over half of the participants had used nonprescription drugs at some time. Alcohol consumption was high, especially amongst male respondents. Over half of those interviewed were categorised as misusing alcohol and/or drugs and participants greatly underestimated their level of alcohol use. Approximately one-quarter had had some contact with the law which was related to deficits in educational attainment and the latter variable was associated with childhood economic disadvantage.Conclusions: These findings suggest that among a sample of 97 young Irish people, a high level of psychiatric symptomatology and excessive use of alcohol is evident. This remains largely untreated as only a small percentage of the group had sought help for psychological difficulties which suggests a need to address the issues of mental health awareness, alcohol use and the accessibility of services. The paper also underlines the association between economic disadvantage and lack of educational attainment with associated linkages to offending.
Association of IL-4 (intron 3) and IL-10 (-1082) gene polymorphisms with risk of mitral valve disease in children with rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Yousry Sherif M. , Sedky Yasser , Sobieh Alaa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimRheumatic heart disease is an inflammatory disease of cardiac tissue. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms highlight a complex interplay of immunological, genetic, and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether IL-4 (intron 3) and IL-10 (-1082) gene polymorphisms could be associated with susceptibility and/or severity of rheumatic heart disease among patients from the Egyptian population.Materials and methodsA cohort of 140 Egyptian children with rheumatic heart disease and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in this case–control study. Genotyping for IL-4 (intron 3) and IL-10 (-1082) gene polymorphisms was carried out for all patients using a polymerase chain reaction-based analysis.ResultsNo significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and allelic frequencies between rheumatic heart disease cases and controls for IL-4 (intron 3) (p=0.17; OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.82–3.74) and IL-10 (-1082) (p=0.49; OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.65–2.71) gene polymorphisms was observed. Further categorisation of patients into mitral valve disease and combined valve disease subgroups showed that cases with mitral valve disease have significantly higher frequency of the RP2 allele of IL-4 (intron 3) (p=0.03; OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.93–6.15) and the G allele of IL-10 (-1082) (p=0.04; OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.62–4.95) when compared with controls.DiscussionOur study shows that IL-4 (intron 3) and IL-10 (-1082) gene polymorphisms are not significantly associated with susceptibility to rheumatic heart disease, but they might play a role in the pathogenesis of patients with mitral valve disease.
Use of three-dimensional mapping in young patients decreases radiation exposure even without a goal of zero fluoroscopy
Authors: Beach Cheyenne , Beerman Lee , Mazzocco Sharon , Brooks Maria M. , Arora Gaurav 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAt present, three-dimensional mapping is often used during cardiac ablations with an explicit goal of decreasing radiation exposure; three-dimensional mapping was introduced in our institution in 2007, but not specifically to decrease fluoroscopy time. We document fluoroscopy use and catheterisation times in this setting. Data were obtained retrospectively from patients who underwent ablation for atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia from January, 2004 to December, 2011. A total of 93 patients were included in the study. Among them, 18 patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation without three-dimensional mapping were included in Group 1, 13 patients who underwent cryoablation without three-dimensional mapping were included in Group 2, and 62 patients who underwent cryoablation with three-dimensional mapping were included in Group 3. Mean fluoroscopy times differed significantly (34.3, 23.4, and 20.3 minutes, p<0.001) when all the groups were compared. Group 3 had a shorter average fluoroscopy time that did not reach significance when compared directly with Group 2 (p=0.29). An unadjusted linear regression model showed a progressive decrease in fluoroscopy time (p=0.002). Mean total catheterisation times differed significantly (180, 211, and 210 minutes, p=0.02) and were related to increased ablation times inherent to cryoablation techniques. Acute success was achieved in 89, 100, and 97% of patients (p=0.25), and chronic success was achieved in 80, 92, and 93% of patients (p=0.38). Complication rates were similar (17, 23, and 7%, p=0.14). In conclusion, three-dimensional mapping systems decrease fluoroscopy times even without an explicit goal of zero fluoroscopy. Efficacy and safety of the procedure have not changed.
Hospital Application of the Incident Management System
Authors: Londorf Donald 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe organization of hospitals during an external or internal disaster frequently is defined in the required disaster plan. However, the organizational structure is not uniform. This article describes the incident management system (IMS) established for the organization of out-of-hospital disaster responses and suggest a similar system for use in disaster management tvithin hospitals. Adoption of the Hospital Incident Management System (HIMS) not only would provide a powerful framework for all hospital emergency responses, but it also would provide a necessary link to outside agencies.
Factors Contributing to Earnings Success of Cash Grain Farms
Authors: Mishra Ashok K. , El-Osta Hisham S. , Johnson James D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify factors which contribute to the earnings' success of cash grain farms in the United States. The study analyzes three measures of success including net farm income per dollar of asset, operators' returns to labor and management, and operators' management income. Logit regression analysis shows that controlling variable costs, ownership, management ability, technology adoption, and diversification are important factors that influence success.
The Blind Men, the Elephant, and Regional Order in Northeast Asia: Towards a New Conceptualization
Authors: JO SAM-SANG 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNo theory seems to describe accurately and explain competently the new, unusual, and idiosyncratic Northeast Asian regional order phenomenon. It is because Northeast Asian specialists like the blind men have seen only one of the parts of the ‘Elephant’ or a part of what is taking place in Northeast Asia. This paper attempts to employ a new, more appropriate, more productive analytical tool to understand and navigate efficiently the Northeast Asian regional order. The main objective of this paper is ‘the rise of China and Northeast Asian regional order’, what it is and what is taking place in the empirical world when we say that something we call ‘the rise of China and Northeast Asian regional order’ is taking place.
Influence of chemical disorder on energy dissipation and defect evolution in concentrated solid solution alloys
Authors: Zhang Yanwen , Stocks G. Malcolm , Jin Ke , Lu Chenyang , Bei Hongbin , Sales Brian C. , Wang Lumin , Béland Laurent K. , Stoller Roger E. , Samolyuk German D. , Caro Magdalena , Caro Alfredo , Weber William J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA grand challenge in materials research is to understand complex electronic correlation and non-equilibrium atomic interactions, and how such intrinsic properties and dynamic processes affect energy transfer and defect evolution in irradiated materials. Here we report that chemical disorder, with an increasing number of principal elements and/or altered concentrations of specific elements, in single-phase concentrated solid solution alloys can lead to substantial reduction in electron mean free path and orders of magnitude decrease in electrical and thermal conductivity. The subsequently slow energy dissipation affects defect dynamics at the early stages, and consequentially may result in less deleterious defects. Suppressed damage accumulation with increasing chemical disorder from pure nickel to binary and to more complex quaternary solid solutions is observed. Understanding and controlling energy dissipation and defect dynamics by altering alloy complexity may pave the way for new design principles of radiation-tolerant structural alloys for energy applications.
Classification of symptom-side predominance in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Feis Delia-Lisa , Pelzer Esther A , Timmermann Lars , Tittgemeyer Marc 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAsymmetry of symptom onset in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is strongly linked to differential diagnosis, progression of disease, and clinical manifestation, suggesting its importance in terms of specifying a therapeutic strategy for each individual patient. To scrutinize the predictive value of this consequential clinical phenomenon as a neuromarker supporting a personalized therapeutic approach, we modeled symptom-side predominance at disease onset based on brain morphology assessed with magnetic resonance (MR) images by utilizing machine learning classification. The integration of multimodal MR imaging data into a multivariate statistical model led to predict left- and right-sided symptom onset with an above-chance accuracy of 96%. By absolute numbers, all but one patient were correctly classified. Interestingly, mainly hippocampal morphology supports this prediction. Considering a different disease formation of this single outlier and the strikingly high classification, this approach proves a reliable predictive model for symptom-side diagnostics in PD. In brief, this work hints toward individualized disease-modifying therapies rather than symptom-alleviating treatments.
Metabolic profiling reveals potential metabolic markers associated with Hypoxia Inducible Factor-mediated signalling in hypoxic cancer cells
Authors: Armitage Emily G. , Kotze Helen L. , Allwood J. William , Dunn Warwick B. , Goodacre Royston , Williams Kaye J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) plays an important role in oxygen compromised environments and therefore in tumour survival. In this research, metabolomics has been applied to study HIFs metabolic function in two cell models: mouse hepatocellular carcinoma and human colon carcinoma, whereby the metabolism has been profiled for a range of oxygen potentials. Wild type cells have been compared to cells deficient in HIF signalling to reveal its effect on cellular metabolism under normal oxygen conditions as well as low oxygen, hypoxic and anoxic environments. Characteristic responses to hypoxia that were conserved across both cell models involved the anti-correlation between 2-hydroxyglutarate, 2-oxoglutarate, fructose, hexadecanoic acid, hypotaurine, pyruvate and octadecenoic acid with 4-hydroxyproline, aspartate, cysteine, glutamine, lysine, malate and pyroglutamate. Further to this, network-based correlation analysis revealed HIF specific pathway responses to each oxygen condition that were also conserved between cell models. From this, 4-hydroxyproline was revealed as a regulating hub in low oxygen survival of WT cells while fructose appeared to be in HIF deficient cells. Pathways surrounding these hubs were built from the direct connections of correlated metabolites that look beyond traditional pathways in order to understand the mechanism of HIF response to low oxygen environments.
Sources of plutonium in the atmosphere and stratosphere-troposphere mixing
Authors: Hirose Katsumi , Povinec Pavel P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPlutonium isotopes have primarily been injected to the stratosphere by the atmospheric nuclear weapon tests and the burn-up of the SNAP-9A satellite. Here we show by using published data that the stratospheric plutonium exponentially decreased with apparent residence time of 1.5 ± 0.5 years and that the temporal variations of plutonium in surface air followed the stratospheric trends until the early 1980s. In the 2000s, plutonium and its isotope ratios in the atmosphere varied dynamically and sporadic high concentrations of239,240Pu reported for the lower stratospheric and upper tropospheric aerosols may be due to environmental events such as the global dust outbreaks and biomass burning.
Density dependent composition of InAs quantum dots extracted from grazing incidence x-ray diffraction measurements
Authors: Sharma Manjula , Sanyal Milan K. , Farrer Ian , Ritchie David A. , Dey Arka B. , Bhattacharyya Arpan , Seeck Oliver H. , Skiba-Szymanska Joanna , Felle Martin , Bennett Anthony J. , Shields Andrew J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEpitaxial InAs quantum dots grown on GaAs substrate are being used in several applications ranging from quantum communications to solar cells. The growth mechanism of these dots also helps us to explore fundamental aspects of self-organized processes. Here we show that composition and strain profile of the quantum dots can be tuned by controlling in-plane density of the dots over the substrate with the help of substrate-temperature profile. The compositional profile extracted from grazing incidence x-ray measurements show substantial amount of inter-diffusion of Ga and In within the QD as a function of height in the low-density region giving rise to higher variation of lattice parameters. The QDs grown with high in-plane density show much less spread in lattice parameter giving almost flat density of In over the entire height of an average QD and much narrower photoluminescence (PL) line. The results have been verified with three different amounts of In deposition giving systematic variation of the In composition as a function of average quantum dot height and average energy of PL emission.
Interface control of electronic transport across the magnetic phase transition in SrRuO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface
Authors: Roy S. , Autieri C. , Sanyal B. , Banerjee T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe emerging material class of complex-oxides, where manipulation of physical properties lead to new functionalities at their heterointerfaces, is expected to open new frontiers in Spintronics. For example, SrRuO3 is a promising material where external stimuli like strain, temperature and structural distortions control the stability of electronic and magnetic states, across its magnetic phase transition, useful for Spintronics. Despite this, not much has been studied to understand such correlations in SrRuO3. Here we explore the influence of electron-lattice correlation to electron-transport, at interfaces between SrRuO3 and Nb:SrTiO3 across its ferromagnetic transition, using a nanoscale transport probe and first-principles calculations. We find that the geometrical reconstructions at the interface and hence modifications in electronic structures dominate the transmission across its ferromagnetic transition, eventually flipping the charge-transport length-scale in SrRuO3. This approach can be easily extended to other devices where competing ground states can lead to different functional properties across their heterointerfaces.
Running and tumbling with E. coli in polymeric solutions
Authors: Patteson A. E. , Gopinath A. , Goulian M. , Arratia P. E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRun-and-tumble motility is widely used by swimming microorganisms including numerous prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Here, we experimentally investigate the run-and-tumble dynamics of the bacterium E. coli in polymeric solutions. We find that even small amounts of polymer in solution can drastically change E. coli dynamics: cells tumble less and their velocity increases, leading to an enhancement in cell translational diffusion and a sharp decline in rotational diffusion. We show that suppression of tumbling is due to fluid viscosity while the enhancement in swimming speed is mainly due to fluid elasticity. Visualization of single fluorescently labeled DNA polymers reveals that the flow generated by individual E. coli is sufficiently strong to stretch polymer molecules and induce elastic stresses in the fluid, which in turn can act on the cell in such a way to enhance its transport. Our results show that the transport and spread of chemotactic cells can be independently modified and controlled by the fluid material properties.
a-SiNx:H-based ultra-low power resistive random access memory with tunable Si dangling bond conduction paths
Authors: Jiang Xiaofan , Ma Zhongyuan , Xu Jun , Chen Kunji , Xu Ling , Li Wei , Huang Xinfan , Feng Duan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe realization of ultra-low power Si-based resistive switching memory technology will be a milestone in the development of next generation non-volatile memory. Here we show that a high performance and ultra-low power resistive random access memory (RRAM) based on an Al/a-SiNx:H/p+-Si structure can be achieved by tuning the Si dangling bond conduction paths. We reveal the intrinsic relationship between the Si dangling bonds and the N/Si ratio x for the a-SiNx:H films, which ensures that the programming current can be reduced to less than 1 μA by increasing the value of x. Theoretically calculated current-voltage (I–V ) curves combined with the temperature dependence of the I–V characteristics confirm that, for the low-resistance state (LRS), the Si dangling bond conduction paths obey the trap-assisted tunneling model. In the high-resistance state (HRS), conduction is dominated by either hopping or Poole–Frenkel (P–F) processes. Our introduction of hydrogen in the a-SiNx:H layer provides a new way to control the Si dangling bond conduction paths and thus opens up a research field for ultra-low power Si-based RRAM.
Topological computation based on direct magnetic logic communication
Authors: Zhang Shilei , Baker Alexander A. , Komineas Stavros , Hesjedal Thorsten 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNon-uniform magnetic domains with non-trivial topology, such as vortices and skyrmions, are proposed as superior state variables for nonvolatile information storage. So far, the possibility of logic operations using topological objects has not been considered. Here, we demonstrate numerically that the topology of the system plays a significant role for its dynamics, using the example of vortex-antivortex pairs in a planar ferromagnetic film. Utilising the dynamical properties and geometrical confinement, direct logic communication between the topological memory carriers is realised. This way, no additional magnetic-to-electrical conversion is required. More importantly, the information carriers can spontaneously travel up to ~300 nm, for which no spin-polarised current is required. The derived logic scheme enables topological spintronics, which can be integrated into large-scale memory and logic networks capable of complex computations.
miR-346 and miR-138 competitively regulate hTERT in GRSF1- and AGO2-dependent manners, respectively
Authors: Song Ge , Wang Renjie , Guo Junfei , Liu Xuyuan , Wang Fang , Qi Ying , Wan Haiying , Liu Min , Li Xin , Tang Hua 
Published: October 2015

AbstractmiRNAs typically downregulate the expression of target genes by binding to their 3′UTR and dysregulation of miRNAs may contribute to tumorigenesis. Here, we found that miR-346 and miR-138 competitively bind to a common region in the 3′UTR of hTERT mRNA and have opposite effects on the expression and function of hTERT in human cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, G-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1 (GRSF1) mediates the miR-346-dependent upregulation of hTERT by binding to the miR-346 middle sequence motif (CCGCAU) which forms a “bulge loop” when miR-346 is bound to the hTERT 3′UTR, facilitating the recruitment of hTERT mRNA to ribosomes to promote translation in an AGO2-independent manner. Conversely, miR-138 suppresses hTERT expression in an AGO2-dependent manner. Interestingly, replacement of the miR-138 middle sequence with that of miR-346 results in an upregulation of hTERT expression in a GRSF1-dependent manner. Moreover, miR-346 depends on GRSF1 to upregulate another target gene, activin A receptor, type IIB (ACVR2B), in which miR-346 “CCGCAU” motif is essential. These findings reveal novel mechanisms of miRNA-mediated upregulation of target gene expression and describe the coordinated action of multiple miRNAs to control the fate of a single target mRNA through binding to its 3′UTR.