bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperatively Acquired Pressure Ulcers and Perioperative Normothermia: A Look at Relationships
Authors: Fred Cynthia , Ford Sharon , Wagner Doreen , VanBrackle Lewis 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe risk of developing an intraoperatively acquired pressure ulcer (IAPU), which is recognized as a significant complication of deep tissue injury occurrence, is associated with duration of surgery and patient positioning. There is a strong association between hypothermia, tissue viability, and surgical site infections; however, the relationship between hypothermia and pressure ulcers has not been fully explored. We examined the incidence of pressure ulcers in surgical patients and determined that there is a relationship between maintaining perioperative normothermia and a reduction in IAPU development. We used a retrospective, explanatory, nonexperimental design, and we fit a binary logistic model to the data. This study shows that patients at higher risk for developing an IAPU include those who are critically ill, have a low Braden Scale skin assessment score, are thin, and are male with at least a 1° F (1.8° C) drop in temperature. These are important risks for perioperative nurses to take into account during care of surgical patients. More perioperative research is needed to identify ways to reduce risk, provide close assessment of high‐risk patients, and implement the identified risk‐reduction strategies.
Oral misoprostol as first‐line care for incomplete abortion in Burkina Faso
Authors: Blandine Thieba , Ouattara Adama Z. , Coral Angela , Hassane Cisse , Clotaire Hien , Dao Blami , Lankoande Jean , Diop Ayisha , Blum Jennifer 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo explore 400‐μg sublingual misoprostol as primary treatment in lower‐level facilities with no previous experience providing postabortion care.MethodsWomen presenting with incomplete abortion were offered a single dose of 400‐μg sublingual misoprostol. Incomplete abortion was defined as uterine size consistent with fewer than 12 weeks of gestation, open cervical os, and reports of past or present history of vaginal bleeding. Women returned to the clinic 1 week after misoprostol administration for follow‐up. At that time, they were discharged if the uterine evacuation was a success or were offered a second follow‐up visit or surgical completion if still incomplete.ResultsOne‐hundred women received misoprostol; outcome data were unavailable for 1 woman. Complete uterine evacuation was achieved for 97 (98.0%) women. Satisfaction was high, with nearly all women indicating that they were “satisfied” (n = 57 [57.6%]) or “very satisfied” (n = 41 [41.4%]) with their experience. Adverse effects were considered “tolerable” by 72 of 97 (74.2%) women. Ninety‐seven of 99 (98.0%) participants indicated that they would choose misoprostol for incomplete abortion care in the future and 95 of 97 (97.9%) stated that they would recommend it to a friend.ConclusionMisoprostol is a viable option for treatment of incomplete abortion at mid‐level facilities.Clinical trials.gov: NCT00466999.
Aspect ratio dependence of heat transport by turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection in rectangular cells
Authors: Zhou Quan , Liu Bo-Fang , Li Chun-Mei , Zhong Bao-Chang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report high-precision measurements of the Nusselt number $Nu$ as a function of the Rayleigh number $Ra$ in water-filled rectangular Rayleigh–Bénard convection cells. The horizontal length $L$ and width $W$ of the cells are 50.0 and 15.0 cm, respectively, and the heights $H= 49. 9$, 25.0, 12.5, 6.9, 3.5, and 2.4 cm, corresponding to the aspect ratios $({\Gamma }_{x} \equiv L/ H, {\Gamma }_{y} \equiv W/ H)= (1, 0. 3)$, $(2, 0. 6)$, $(4, 1. 2)$, $(7. 3, 2. 2)$, $(14. 3, 4. 3)$, and $(20. 8, 6. 3)$. The measurements were carried out over the Rayleigh number range $6\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{5} \lesssim Ra\lesssim 1{0}^{11} $ and the Prandtl number range $5. 2\lesssim Pr\lesssim 7$. Our results show that for rectangular geometry turbulent heat transport is independent of the cells’ aspect ratios and hence is insensitive to the nature and structures of the large-scale mean flows of the system. This is slightly different from the observations in cylindrical cells where $Nu$ is found to be in general a decreasing function of $\Gamma $, at least for $\Gamma = 1$ and larger. Such a difference is probably a manifestation of the finite plate conductivity effect. Corrections for the influence of the finite conductivity of the top and bottom plates are made to obtain the estimates of $N{u}_{\infty } $ for plates with perfect conductivity. The local scaling exponents ${\ensuremath{\beta} }_{l} $ of $N{u}_{\infty } \ensuremath{\sim} R{a}^{{\ensuremath{\beta} }_{l} } $ are calculated and found to increase from 0.243 at $Ra\simeq 9\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{5} $ to 0.327 at $Ra\simeq 4\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{10} $.
WHEN UNCLE TOM DIDN'T DIE: THE ANTISLAVERY POLITICS OF H. J. CONWAY'S UNCLE TOM'S CABIN
Authors: Spingarn Adena 
Published: August 2012

Although Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin is widely credited with helping turn the nation against slavery and hastening the Civil War, the theatrical productions based on her novel have precisely the opposite reputation. Many scholars believe that despite the initial antislavery influence of George L. Aiken's 1852 dramatization, the Uncle Tom plays rapidly degraded, becoming more harmful than helpful to African Americans. The plays are also frequently blamed for turning Uncle Tom, the heroic Christian martyr of Stowe's novel, into the submissive race traitor his name connotes today. The “process of vulgarization” that afflicted the Uncle Tom's Cabin dramas is said to have begun almost immediately, with the 1852 premiere of H. J. Conway's adaptation. Today, Conway's version is widely designated a pro-Southern or compromise dramatization of Uncle Tom's Cabin, especially compared to Aiken's influential adaptation, which is considered to have the strongest antislavery message of the many adaptations and to be the most faithful to Stowe's novel.
NETWORKING THE WAVES: OCEAN LINERS, IMPRESARIOS, AND BROADWAY'S ATLANTIC EXPANSION
Authors: Schweitzer Marlis 
Published: August 2012

InThe Great Wet Way,a humorous account of transatlantic travel, American theatre critic Alan Dale represents ocean liners as sites of transformation, frivolity, and performance. In the passage above, he ponders the peculiar metamorphosis that overtakes him whenever he crosses the Atlantic. Cut off from the hustling world of Broadway and Fifth Avenue, he loses his “real self,” becoming instead an autograph-hunting, bridge-playing, opera-glassing “ship self.” It is as though the ship has remade Dale and the social world around him (Fig. 1). Within this altered world, new sights become old sights, and eccentric clothing or mannerisms come to seem commonplace. Dale recalls seeing a young woman wearing a Panama hat covered with autographs from her fellow passengers. If the woman dared to “walk down Broadway or Fifth Avenue wearing that hideous autograph hat,” he writes, “[s]he would probably be followed by a howling and derisive mob. . . . Yet on board she was unmolested. After the first few days nobody noticed the autograph hat.”
Analysis of successes and failures with a tele-operated mobile robot in various modes of operation
Authors: Sanders David Adrian , Stott Ian , Robinson David , Ndzi David 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYThe effect on failure rates of the way tele-operators interact with mobile robots is investigated. Human tele-operators attempted to move a robot through progressively more complicated environments with reducing gaps, as quickly as possible. Tele-operators used a joystick and either watched robots, while operating them, or used a computer screen to view scenes remotely. Cameras were either mounted on the robot to view the space ahead of the robot or mounted remotely so that they viewed both the environment and robot. Tele-operators completed tests both with and without sensors. Both an umbilical cable and a radio link were used.
Is the von Kármán constant affected by sediment suspension?
Authors: Castro‐Orgaz Oscar , Giráldez Juan V. , Mateos Luciano , Dey Subhasish 
Published: August 2012

Is the von Kármán constant affected by sediment suspension? The presence of suspended sediment in channels and fluvial streams has been known for decades to affect turbulence transfer mechanism in sediment‐laden flows, and, therefore, the transport and fate of sediments that determine the bathymetry of natural water courses. This study explores the density stratification effects on the turbulent velocity profile and its impact on the transport of sediment. There is as yet no consensus in the scientific community on the effect of sediment suspension on the von Kármán parameter,κ. Two different theories based on the empirical log‐wake velocity profile are currently under debate: One supports a universal value ofκ = 0.41 and a strength of the wake, Π, that is affected by suspended sediment. The other suggests that both κ and Π could vary with suspended sediment. These different theories result in a conceptual problem regarding the effect of suspended sediment on κ, which has divided the research area. In this study, a new mixing length theory is proposed to describe theoretically the turbulent velocity profile. The analytical approach provides added insight defining κas a turbulent parameter which varies with the distance to the bed in sediment‐laden flows. The theory is compared with previous experimental data and simulations using ak‐εturbulence closure to the Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes equations model. The mixing length model indicates that the two contradictory theories incorporate the stratified flow effect into a different component of the log‐wake law. The results of this work show that the log‐wake fit with a reducedκ is the physically coherent approximation.
Effusive and explosive volcanism on the ultraslow‐spreading Gakkel Ridge, 85°E
Authors: Pontbriand Claire W. , Soule S. Adam , Sohn Robert A. , Humphris Susan E. , Kunz Clayton , Singh Hanumant , Nakamura Ko‐ichi , Jakobsson Martin , Shank Timothy 
Published: August 2012

We use high‐definition seafloor digital imagery and multibeam bathymetric data acquired during the 2007 Arctic Gakkel Vents Expedition (AGAVE) to evaluate the volcanic characteristics of the 85°E segment of the ultraslow spreading Gakkel Ridge (9 mm yr−1full rate). Our seafloor imagery reveals that the axial valley is covered by numerous, small‐volume (order ∼1000 m3) lava flows displaying a range of ages and morphologies as well as unconsolidated volcaniclastic deposits with thicknesses up to 10 cm. The valley floor contains two prominent volcanic lineaments made up of axis‐parallel ridges and small, cratered volcanic cones. The lava flows appear to have erupted from a number of distinct source vents within the ∼12–15 km‐wide axial valley. Only a few of these flows are fresh enough to have potentially erupted during the 1999 seismic swarm at this site, and these are associated with the Oden and Loke volcanic cones. We model the widespread volcaniclastic deposits we observed on the seafloor as having been generated by the explosive discharge of CO2 that accumulated in (possibly deep) crustal melt reservoirs. The energy released during explosive discharge, combined with the buoyant rise of hot fluid, lofted fragmented clasts of rapidly cooling magma into the water column, and they subsequently settled onto the seafloor as fall deposits surrounding the source vent.
Comparison of self‐consistent simulations with observed magnetic field and ion plasma parameters in the ring current during the 10 August 2000 magnetic storm
Authors: Chen Margaret W. , Lemon Colby L. , Guild Timothy B. , Schulz Michael , Roeder James L. , Le Guan 
Published: August 2012

We assess whether magnetically and electrically self‐consistent ring current simulations can account simultaneously for in situ magnetic field and ion flux measurements in the inner magnetosphere during the large 10 August 2000 storm (min Dst = −107 nT). We use the Rice Convection Model–Equilibrium (RCM‐E) and drive it with time‐dependent magnetic field, electric field, and plasma boundary conditions that are guided by empirical and assimilative models. Comparisons of the simulated and observed magnetic field from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) and observed proton differential flux spectra from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) satellites are made at geosynchronous orbit (GEO). Similarly, simulated and observed magnetic field and proton density and temperature are compared along the orbit of Polar (r ∼ 1.8–9 RE) for the event. The simulated and observed magnetic field components agree reasonably well at GEO and along the orbit of Polar. However, since the effects of substorm dipolarizations are not explicitly modeled, the simulation fails to reproduce observed sawtooth fluctuations in the magnetic field. Over energies from 1 to 150 keV, the RCM‐E reproduced well the ion dispersion features in the LANL 1994‐084 ion differential flux spectra over energies at GEO and proton densities and temperatures calculated from Polar proton flux measurements. Thus, the RCM‐E simulations can account simultaneously for in situ magnetic field and ion flux measurements for the 10 August 2000 storm. This demonstrates that a self‐consistent model can produce realistic features of the storm time inner magnetosphere.
Renoprotective effects of a novel Nox1/4 inhibitor in a mouse model of Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sedeek Mona , Gutsol Alex , Montezano Augusto C. , Burger Dylan , Nguyen Dinh Cat Aurelie , Kennedy Chris R. J. , Burns Kevin D. , Cooper Mark E. , Jandeleit-Dahm Karin , Page Patrick , Szyndralewiez Cedric , Heitz Freddy , Hebert Richard L. , Touyz Rhian M. 
Published: August 2012

Nox (NADPH oxidase)-derived ROS (reactive oxygen species) have been implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Of the Nox isoforms in the kidney, Nox4 is important because of its renal abundance. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that GKT136901, a Nox1/4 inhibitor, prevents the development of nephropathy in db/db (diabetic) mice. Six groups of male mice (8-week-old) were studied: (i) untreated control db/m, (ii) low-dose GKT136901-treated db/m (30 mg/kg of body weight per day), (iii) high-dose GKT136901-treated db/m (90 mg/kg of body weight per day), (iv) untreated db/db; (v) low dose GKT136901-treated db/db; and (vi) high-dose GKT136901-treated db/db. GKT136901, in chow, was administered for 16 weeks. db/db mice developed diabetes and nephropathy as evidenced by hyperglycaemia, albuminuria and renal injury (mesangial expansion, tubular dystrophy and glomerulosclerosis). GKT136901 treatment had no effect on plasma glucose or BP (blood pressure) in any of the groups. Plasma and urine TBARSs (thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances) levels, markers of systemic and renal oxidative stress, respectively, were increased in diabetic mice. Renal mRNA expression of Nox4, but not of Nox2, increased, Nox1 was barely detectable in db/db. Expression of the antioxidant enzyme SOD-1 (superoxide dismutase 1) decreased in db/db mice. Renal content of fibronectin, pro-collagen, TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) were augmented in db/db kidneys, with no change in p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase). Treatment reduced albuminuria, TBARS and renal ERK1/2 phosphorylation and preserved renal structure in diabetic mice. Our findings suggest a renoprotective effect of the Nox1/4 inhibitor, possibly through reduced oxidative damage and decreased ERK1/2 activation. These phenomena occur independently of improved glucose control, suggesting GKT136901-sensitive targets are involved in complications of diabetes rather than in the disease process.
Brown carbon and internal mixing in biomass burning particles
Authors: Lack Daniel A. , Langridge Justin M. , Bahreini Roya , Cappa Christopher D. , Middlebrook Ann M. , Schwarz Joshua P. 
Published: August 2012

Biomass burning (BB) contributes large amounts of black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM) to the atmosphere and contributes significantly to the earth’s radiation balance. BB particles can be a complicated optical system, with scattering and absorption contributions from BC, internal mixtures of BC and POM, and wavelength-dependent absorption of POM. Large amounts of POM can also be externally mixed. We report on the unique ability of multi-wavelength photo-acoustic measurements of dry and thermal-denuded absorption to deconstruct this complicated wavelength-dependent system of absorption and mixing. Optical measurements of BB particles from the Four Mile Canyon fire near Boulder, Colorado, showed that internal mixtures of BC and POM enhanced absorption by up to 70%. The data supports the assumption that the POM was very weakly absorbing at 532 nm. Enhanced absorption at 404 nm was in excess of 200% above BC absorption and varied as POM mass changed, indicative of absorbing POM. Absorption by internal mixing of BC and POM contributed 19( ± 8)% to total 404-nm absorption, while BC alone contributed 54( ± 16)%. Approximately 83% of POM mass was externally mixed, the absorption of which contributed 27( ± 15)% to total particle absorption (at 404 nm). The imaginary refractive index and mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of POM at 404 nm changed throughout the sampling period and were found to be 0.007 ± 0.005 and 0.82 ± 0.43 m2 g-1, respectively. Our analysis shows that the MAE of POM can be biased high by up to 50% if absorption from internal mixing of POM and BC is not included.
Landau spectrum and twin boundaries of bismuth in the extreme quantum limit
Authors: Zhu Zengwei , Fauqué Benoît , Malone Liam , Antunes Arlei Borba , Fuseya Yuki , Behnia Kamran 
Published: August 2012

The Landau spectrum of bismuth is complex and includes many angle-dependent lines in the extreme quantum limit. The adequacy of single-particle theory to describe this spectrum in detail has been an open issue. Here, we present a study of angle-resolved Nernst effect in bismuth, which maps the angle-resolved Landau spectrum for the entire solid angle up to 28 T. The experimental map is in good agreement with the results of a theoretical model with parabolic dispersion for holes and an extended Dirac Hamiltonian for electrons. The angular dependence of additional lines in the Landau spectrum allows us to uncover the mystery of their origin. They correspond to the lines expected for the hole Landau levels in a secondary crystal tilted by 108°, the angle between twinned crystals in bismuth. According to our results, the electron reservoirs of the two identical tilted crystals have different chemical potentials, and carriers across the twin boundary have different concentrations. An exceptional feature of this junction is that it separates two electron-hole compensated reservoirs. The link between this edge singularity and the states wrapping a three-dimensional electron gas in the quantum limit emerges as an outstanding open question.
Chemical synthesis and X-ray structure of a heterochiral {D-protein antagonist
plus
vascular endothelial growth factor} protein complex by racemic crystallography
Authors: Mandal Kalyaneswar , Uppalapati Maruti , Ault-Riché Dana , Kenney John , Lowitz Joshua , Sidhu Sachdev S. , Kent Stephen B.H. 
Published: August 2012

Total chemical synthesis was used to prepare the mirror image (
D
-protein) form of the angiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A). Phage display against
D
-VEGF-A was used to screen designed libraries based on a unique small protein scaffold in order to identify a high affinity ligand. Chemically synthesized
D
- and
L
- forms of the protein ligand showed reciprocal chiral specificity in surface plasmon resonance binding experiments: The
L
-protein ligand bound only to
D
-VEGF-A, whereas the
D
-protein ligand bound only to
L
-VEGF-A. The
D
-protein ligand, but not the
L
-protein ligand, inhibited the binding of natural VEGF
165
to the VEGFR1 receptor. Racemic protein crystallography was used to determine the high resolution X-ray structure of the heterochiral complex consisting of {
D
-protein antagonist +
L
-protein form ofVEGF-A}. Crystallization of a racemic mixture of these synthetic proteins in appropriate stoichiometry gave a racemic protein complex of more than 73 kDa containing six synthetic protein molecules. The structure of the complex was determined to a resolution of 1.6 Å. Detailed analysis of the interaction between the
D
-protein antagonist and the VEGF-A protein molecule showed that the binding interface comprised a contact surface area of approximately 800
Å
2
in accord with our design objectives, and that the
D
-protein antagonist binds to the same region of VEGF-A that interacts with VEGFR1-domain 2.
Bipolar and unipolar resistive switching effects in an Al/DLC/W structure
Authors: Peng Pinggang , Xie Dan , Yang Yi , Zhou Changjian , Ma Shuo , Feng Tingting , Tian He , Ren Tianling 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In this paper, nonvolatile bipolar resistive switching (BRS) as well as unipolar resistive switching (URS) effects are observed in diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films prepared by the filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique. By controlling the current compliance, either bipolar or unipolar switching is obtained. The fabricated Al/DLC/W structure showing BRS exhibits good performance with a low operation voltage (<1.0 V) and a data retention time of >105 s. The mechanism of BRS is fitted by ohmic and SCLC laws in the low resistance state and high resistance state scenarios. Fuse and antifuse effects are proposed to be the principle for the URS behaviour.
Photocatalytic Si nanowires/TiO2 microparticles with extended absorption edge up to 700 nm
Authors: Chen Chia-Yun , Chen Arh-Hwang 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Single-crystalline Si nanowires are fabricated by Ag-assisted chemical etching at room temperature. On the basis of efficient light harvesting of Si nanowires, the novel photocatalysts are prepared by mixing the as-prepared Si nanowires with TiO2 microparticles of various weight ratios. The dye degradation of these combined photocatalysts is above two times more efficient than conventionally used TiO2 under 580 nm light irradiation. We have also validated that the involving photodegradation agrees well with the first-order kinetic model. These photocatalysts possess broad-band absorption with extended edge up to 700 nm, facilitating high photocatalytic activity for the urgent treatment of water pollutants.
Names Proper and Improper in Richard Millet's Siom Novels
Authors: Jackson Alan 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Since 1983 Richard Millet has published a considerable volume of fictional and critical writings, including short stories,
récits
, and twelve novels. This study concentrates on four key novels published between 1995 and 2003 that take place in the imaginary village of Siom in the Corrèze:
La Gloire des Pythres
,
L'Amour des trois sœurs Piale
,
Lauve le pur
, and
Ma vie parmi les ombres
. Names feature increasingly prominently in these novels, and the aim of this study is to describe the different ways in which they are present and to analyse the functions they perform. They are found to have extraordinarily powerful effects. Some names, predominantly those from France's literary heritage, act as tokens of a dreamed-of communion with the past. Others, names of fictional characters and places, are found to be so intensely meaningful that they determine destinies. Yet others, the names of the main families in the novels, provide fragile foundations. Their names, on the one hand, serve to root them in a village and a genealogy, but, on the other, embody forces that destroy all hope of enduring. In each case the proper noun expresses a dream of presence that remains unfulfilled.