bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Authorship Practices in Multi‐Authored Papers in the Natural Sciences at Japanese Universities
Authors: Yukawa Yayoi , Kitanaka Chisato , Yokoyama Mieko 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the practices of natural science researchers and the recognition authors receive in multi‐authored papers at Japanese universities. The “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication” by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, which sets global standards for authorship ethics in many natural science fields, notes problems in two areas in particular: with “gift authors” (people who are indicated as authors, but who do not actually contribute to the work) and with “ghost authors” (people, often students or researchers in lower positions, who are not properly represented in the paper even though they make essential contributions to it). We also note the recent complaints by junior researchers about these violations, which are claimed to be harassment or bullying using power differences. Our survey of researchers in natural sciences at 15 top Japanese universities shows that, despite the different specialized fields, few researchers actually meet the gold standard of authorship criteria of proper authorship and about half think that their violation might be condoned. The data are analyzed taking into consideration a particular local context. Through the exploratory research above, we speculate that most natural science researchers in Japan may be either confused about or struggle with the situation where the strict global criteria conflict with specific local cultures that often condone gift and ghost authorships. Those who are already socialized in such local cultures take unethical authorships for granted, while others view it as an intersection of harassment and misconduct.
2012 JSS Award Winner: Book Division “Recovery” from Eating Disorders: Narrative‐Based Clinical Sociology: A Summary by the Author
Authors: Nakamura Hideyo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn recent years people with eating disorders have begun to discuss their experiences on the Internet. While attempts to explain eating disorders in contemporary society have concentrated on their etiology as problems of individuals, the family or society, in their postings on the Internet, some people who have recovered discuss eating disorders as “eating problems” caused by excessively strict dieting. Further, they believe they overcame their disorders by consuming regular meals. The present research attempts to shed light on both the conditions surrounding sufferers of eating disorders and the direction that some have taken to affect their recovery. In this article I focus on the narratives of two people who have recovered from bulimia nervosa. I examine why they refer to their illness as an eating problem, rather than accepting conventional explanations. Further, I consider what they are trying to achieve in doing so. Two results were obtained. First, it was determined that, though both of the subjects of this research were familiar with the conventional etiological explanations of eating disorders, they both also criticize the individual, familial and societal interpretations for providing no solution. Second, it became clear, through narratives explaining eating disorders as eating problems that can be solved via eating exercises, that the subjects were attempting to reclaim the means of ending their binging and regurgitation and, more broadly, the right to solve their own problems.
Infant Physiological and Behavioral Responses to a Jealousy Provoking Condition
Authors: Mize Krystal D. , Pineda Melannie , Blau Alexis K. , Marsh Kathryn , Jones Nancy Aaron 
Published: January 2014

Recent research has demonstrated a relationship between infants' tonic electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns and approach‐style jealousy responses (Mize & Jones, ). Although it has been found that adults exhibit approach‐style neural activity during jealousy paradigms (Harmon‐Jones, Peterson, and Harris, ), parallel research on neural activity during a jealousy paradigm in infants is lacking from the literature base. The purpose of the current research is to examine EEG patterns of 35 infants (Mean age = 8.92 months old) in a social‐rival paradigm designed to elicit jealousy responses. Consistent with past research, infants demonstrated more approach‐style, jealousy‐related behaviors when their mothers attended to a social‐rival than to a nonsocial rival. Additionally, infants demonstrated approach‐style anterior EEG activity during the social‐rival condition, a pattern that is associated with jealousy. The current findings suggest that the physiological underpinnings for the emotions that motivate the protection of important dyadic relationships are in place early in ontogeny. Therefore, jealousy‐type behaviors and physiological responses begin to be observable as early as 9‐months‐old when maternal attention is lost to a social‐rival.
Mechanisms of propagule release in the carnivorous sponge Asbestopluma occidentalis
Authors: Chu Jackson W.F. , Reiswig Henry M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCarnivorous sponges characteristically inhabit the deep sea, so extensive observations of the biology of living specimens are rare. We report on newly discovered shallow‐water (<30 m depth) populations of the carnivorous sponge Asbestopluma occidentalis and on observations of living adults and larvae from this unique group of sponges. In the Salish Sea, British Columbia, Canada, populations of A. occidentalis exist at depths as shallow as 18 m, where they co‐occur with hexactinellid sponges. Adults with and without embryos (n =127) were collected and easily maintained in the laboratory for several months, allowing continuous examination of live specimens. Parent sponges naturally disassociated their tissue, facilitating larval release and dispersal. Dispersed larvae had actively beating cilia, but no swimming was observed. Larvae settled and attached from several hours to several days post‐release. After larval release, parent sponges reaggregated their disassociated bodies into spherical balls of apparently undifferentiated tissue, which could also disperse and settle. Sexually mature adults were sampled in the field from August to November, with a high proportion of adults containing mature embryos in late November. High‐resolution photography and electron microscopy verified that adults were covered with anisochelae spicules, and used these to capture nauplii of Artemia sp. under experimental conditions; however, time‐lapse photography showed that some captured prey could free themselves with vigorous swimming. The occurrence of abundant shallow‐water populations of A. occidentalis in the Salish Sea provides a rare opportunity to study the evolution and ecology of carnivory in the Porifera.
Morphological evidence for limited sperm production in the enigmatic Tasmanian cave spiderHickmania troglodytes(Austrochilidae, Araneae)
Authors: Michalik Peter , Ramírez Martín J. , Wirkner Christian S. , Lipke Elisabeth 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe male reproductive systems of spiders are highly diverse in structure across all major spider taxa. Little is known about this organ system in basal araneomorph spiders, especially Austrochiloidea; such knowledge is necessary for a more complete understanding of the evolutionary morphology of the male reproductive system in spiders. In the present study, we describe the male reproductive system of an austrochilid spider, the enigmatic troglophilic Tasmanian cave spiderHickmania troglodytes, using light and electron microscopic techniques. The male reproductive system consists of tubular testes leading into convoluted deferent ducts, which are fused close to the genital opening to an unpaired ejaculatory duct. Spermatogenesis occurs only in the subadult testes, whereas adult testes showed neither spermatogenic stages nor any generative tissue in all investigated specimens. The testes of adult males are drastically reduced in size compared with those of subadult males, but the deferent ducts are filled with large numbers of mature spermatozoa. Thus, our data suggest that males ofH. troglodytesare sperm‐limited, but not necessarily sperm‐depleted as described for certain orb‐weaving spiders. Due to the absence of generative tissue, limited sperm production is permanent (PSL) and probably has an influence on the reproductive strategies in this species. As nearly no data are available on the life history ofH. troglodytes, and in particular information on the phenology of males is lacking, implications of the evolution ofPSLin this species are unclear. Nonetheless, our data on other representatives of Austrochilidae (Austrochilus forsteri,Thaida chepu) and Gradungulidae (Progradungula otwayensis) suggest thatPSLevolved within Austrochiliodea only inH. troglodytesand might be an adaptation to its troglophilic lifestyle.
Popular Education for Water Sustainability: Three Lessons from Reflective Practice
Authors: Oliver Peter , Dennison William C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBetween them, the authors of this paper have over sixty years experience in water education working in primary and secondary schools, universities, field study centres, professional development programs; and with community, industry, and government groups, focusing on coastal zones and catchments. Over the last three years, they have undertaken a systematic process of personal and dialogic reflection and deliberation on this experience, particularly in the area of popular education. This paper presents three key water education lessons gained from this iterative process and provides examples to justify the sagacity of this choice. First and foremost, popular water educators really need to know their participants, what is important to them, why, and what they know already. Second, popular water educators should give their participants an opportunity to share with others what they have learned about water. Lastly, metaphorically speaking, popular educators need to focus their practice on the head, the heart, and the hands. Knowledge, emotion, and action are dialectically interrelated. Integrating them in popular water education is a challenging yet satisfying task that can have significant outcomes.
Biogeography, vicariance and conservation of snakes of the neglected and endangered Caatinga region, north‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Guedes Thaís B. , Sawaya Ricardo J. , de C. Nogueira Cristiano 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimOur aims were to test the predictions of the vicariance model, searching for natural, non‐random biogeographical units using data on snake distributions, and to assess the conservation of biogeographical patterns and underlying processes in the poorly studied Caatinga region.LocationCaatinga region, north‐eastern Brazil.MethodsWe revised and georeferenced 7352 snake occurrence records at point localities, by direct examination of voucher specimens in zoological collections and revision of literature data. We tested two predictions of the vicariance model via biotic element analysis using two datasets (all taxa and endemics) mapped onto a 1° × 1° square grid across the Caatinga. Finally, we examined the overlap between recovered biogeographical units and spatial patterns of habitat loss and protected area coverage.ResultsWe recorded 112 snake species from the Caatinga, of which 22 (20%) are endemics. The predictions of the vicariance model were corroborated by the detection of groups of species with significantly clustered ranges (biotic elements). The analysis with the full dataset detected eight biotic elements, and three endemic biotic elements were found when only using endemics. The three endemic biotic elements correspond to core areas of biotic elements detected with the larger dataset. The average habitat loss for species forming biotic elements was 46%, and was similar among biotic elements. Protected area coverage is different for species from different biotic elements, and most species' ranges are very poorly represented in protected areas.Main conclusionsThe Caatinga harbours a peculiar snake fauna with significantly clustered species ranges concordant with the predictions of the vicariance model. Our results, representing the first formal test of vicariance patterns in the Caatinga, detected poor overlap between biotic elements and protected areas, indicating that biogeographical patterns and processes are largely unprotected in this imperilled and neglected Neotropical region.
Simulation of flash floods in ungauged basins using post‐event surveys and numerical modelling
Authors: Ciervo F. , Papa M.N. , Medina V. , Bateman A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe hydrological and hydraulic processes of the flash flood that affected Atrani village (Amalfi Coast of Southern Italy) on 9 September 2010 are analysed using post‐flood surveys and numerical modelling. Observations in this case are particularly challenging because of the small spatial and temporal scales of the event, relative to the sampling characteristics of conventional rain and discharge measurement networks. Given these aspects, some of the relevant characteristics of the event were deduced by analysing field data that were collected immediately after the event. A width function instantaneous unit hydrograph (WFIUH) rainfall‐runoff model is applied to derive a flow hydrograph for the area immediately upstream of the village. This hydrograph is inputted as an upstream boundary condition for the simulation of the propagation processes. A two‐dimensional innovative hydraulic model is used to reproduce the flood within the village. The use of an unstructured mesh enabled a detailed simulation of water flow within the narrow and winding alleyways of the village. The results of the simulations indicate agreement with the field observations. The implemented approach is suitable for simulating flash floods in similar contexts and, therefore, may be used to predict potential future events.
Synthetic RGDS peptide attenuated lipopolysaccharide/D‐galactosamine‐induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice
Authors: Yin Xinru , Gong Xia , Jiang Rong , Zhang Li , Wang Bin , Xu Ge , Wang Changdong , Wan Jingyuan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground and AimFulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a serious clinic syndrome with extremely poor prognosis and no effective treatment except for liver transplantation. Synthetic RGDS peptide, an inhibitor of integrins, was proved to suppress integrin signals. In this study, we investigated the protection effects of RGDS peptide on lipopolysaccharide/D‐galactosamine (LPS/D‐GalN)‐induced FHF and the underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsSynthetic RGDS peptide was given intraperitoneally 30 min before LPS/D‐GalN injection. Liver function and the extent of liver injury were analyzed biochemically and pathologically respectively. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect effectors and signaling molecules.ResultsPretreatment with synthetic RGDS peptide significantly improved LPS/D‐GalN‐induced mortality, and liver injury as determined by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, as well as pathological analysis. In addition, RGDS peptide significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐2 production, and decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) and NF‐κB activity. Furthermore, Western blotting indicated that the levels of phospho‐integrin β3, phospho‐focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phospho‐p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) decreased with RGDS peptide pretreatment.ConclusionTogether, these data suggest that synthetic RGDS peptide protect against LPS/D‐GalN‐induced FHF by inhibiting inflammatory cells migration and blocking the integrin αVβ3‐FAK‐p38 MAPK and NF‐κB signaling.
Who Buys Fair Trade and Why (or Why Not)? A Random Survey of Households
Authors: TAYLOR JASON E. , BOASSON VIGDIS 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe conduct a random survey of Michigan (United States) households to gauge consumer behavior toward, and awareness of, fair trade. Around 58% of respondents have heard of fair trade and just over a quarter have knowingly purchased a fair‐trade product. Of the 38% of respondents who indicated a willingness to pay a premium for a fair trade product, the median premium they were willing to pay was around 20%. We find that those who are politically liberal, female, younger, and have attained higher levels of education are willing to pay higher premiums for fair trade, other factors held constant. Respondents who are unwilling to pay a fair trade premium are divided between not doing so because of a belief that all voluntary trade is already fair and a fear of potential unintended negative consequences on workers.
Annual report of Women's Health Care Committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013
Authors: Douchi Tsutomu , Wakatsuki Akihiko 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe activity of the Women's Health Care Committee for 1 year up to June 2013 includes: (i) guides for the management of health care in middle‐aged women; (ii) postoperative women's health care; (iii) survey on the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse; and (iv) survey of postoperative infection in gynecologic surgery. The detailed activity of the four subcommittees is described in the text.
Annual report of Reproductive Endocrinology Committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013
Authors: Minegishi Takashi , Sugino Norihiro , Ishihara Osamu , Kitawaki Jo , Harada Tasuku , Murakami Takashi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology Reproductive Endocrinology Committee summarizes the activities of each subcommittee below from April 2011 to March 2013.
Survey for clinical outcomes of infertility treatment for women with adenomyosis and complications of pregnant women with adenomyosis.
Survey for multiple pregnancies after controlled ovarian stimulation in non‐assisted‐reproductive‐technology infertility treatment cycles: population‐based study in Japan.
Study on the effect of endometriosis management on ovarian reserve.
The validity of serum markers for fibrosis staging in chronic hepatitis B and C
Authors: Li J. , Gordon S. C. , Rupp L. B. , Zhang T. , Boscarino J. A. , Vijayadeva V. , Schmidt M. A. , Lu M. ,   the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS) Investigators
Published: January 2014

SummaryAssessment of liver fibrosis is critical for successful individualized disease management in persons with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or chronic hepatitis C (CHC). We expanded and validated serum marker indices to provide accurate, reproducible and easily applied methods of fibrosis assessment. Liver biopsy results from over 284 CHB and 2304 CHC patients in the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (‘CHeCS') were mapped to a F0–F4 equivalent scale. APRI and FIB‐4 scores within a 6‐month window of biopsy were mapped to the same scale. A novel algorithm was applied to derive and validate optimal cut‐offs for differentiating fibrosis levels. For the prediction of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis, the FIB‐4 score outperformed the other serum marker indices in the CHC cohort and was similar to APRI in the CHB cohort. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) for FIB‐4 in differentiating F3–F4 from F0–F2 was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.80–0.92) for CHB and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.81–0.85) for CHC. The suggested cut‐offs based on FIB‐4 model produced high positive predictive values [CHB: 90.0% for F0–F2, 100.0% for cirrhosis (F4); CHC: 89.7% for F0–F2; 82.9% for cirrhosis (F4)]. In this large observational cohort, FIB‐4 predicted the upper and lower end of liver fibrosis stage (cirrhosis and F0–F2, respectively) with a high degree of accuracy in both CHB and CHC patients.
A Behind‐the‐Scenes Guide to School‐Based Research
Authors: Plummer Benjamin D. , Galla Brian M. , Finn Amy S. , Patrick Sarah D. , Meketon David , Leonard Julia , Goetz Calvin , Fernandez‐Vina Elizabeth , Bartolino Sara , White Rachel E. , Duckworth Angela L. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTSchools are an important context for both basic and applied scientific research. Unlike the laboratory, however, the physical and social conditions of schools are not under the exclusive control of scientists. In this article, we liken collecting data in schools to putting on a theatrical production. We begin by describing the large cast of characters whose collaborative efforts make school‐based research possible. Next, we address the critics, including the university Institutional Review Board (IRB) and school administrators, whose feedback often improves the final study design. We then turn our attention to set building, stage directions, and rehearsals—key steps in the iterative process of refining study procedures. We end with a discussion of the day of data collection itself and activities that take place after the curtain drops. Throughout, we make recommendations based on our recent experience collecting data at several high schools.
Differences in Brain Activation Between Novices and Experts in Science During a Task Involving a Common Misconception in Electricity
Authors: Masson Steve , Potvin Patrice , Riopel Martin , Foisy Lorie‐Marlène Brault 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTScience education studies have revealed that students often have misconceptions about how nature works, but what happens to misconceptions after a conceptual change remains poorly understood. Are misconceptions rejected and replaced by scientific conceptions, or are they still present in students' minds, coexisting with newly acquired scientific conceptions? In this study, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare brain activation between novices and experts in science when they evaluate the correctness of simple electric circuits. Results show that experts, more than novices, activate brain areas involved in inhibition when they evaluate electric circuits in which a bulb lights up, even though there is only one wire connecting it to the battery. These findings suggest that experts may still have a misconception encoded in the neural networks of their brains that must be inhibited in order to answer scientifically.
Helicobacter pylori: expect the unexpected
Authors: Suarez Giovanni , Peek Richard M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryHelicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide, and virtually all infected persons develop coexisting gastritis, a signature feature of which is the capacity to persist for decades. In support of its lifestyle, H. pylori has evolved to express an array of diverse phenotypes, including enzyme functional diversity, that help to subvert obstacles presented by the human host, which permits long‐term microbial colonization. The versatility of the newly discovered enzyme LpxJ may allow H. pylori to quickly adapt to dynamic and hostile conditions present within its cognate gastric niche.