bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integral geometry for \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal {D}}$\end{document}‐modules on dual flag manifolds and generalized Verma modules
Authors: Marastoni Corrado 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGiven a pair of dual generalized flag manifolds of a semisimple algebraic group, we show that the integral transform between them given by the open orbit in their product is an equivalence. We also describe the links of this problem with the structure of generalized Verma modules, and how the above construction can be applied to the representation theory of real forms of the group.
Gelation kinetics of crosslinked gelatin
Authors: Abete Tiziana , Del Gado Emanuela , de Arcangelis Lucilla 
Published: January 2013

AbstractExperimental results have shown that the kinetics of bond formation in chemical crosslinking of gelatin solutions is strongly affected not only by gelatin and reactant concentrations but also by the solution pH. We present an extended numerical investigation of the phase diagram and of the kinetics of bond formation as a function of the pH, via Monte Carlo simulations of a lattice model for gelatin chains and reactant agent in solution. We find that gelation can be hindered either by loop formation, at low reactant concentrations, or by saturation of active sites of the chains via formation of single bonds with crosslinkers, at high reactant concentrations. The ratio of the characteristic times for the formation of first and the second bond between the crosslinker and an active site of a chain is found to depend on the reactant reactivity, in good agreement with experimental data. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Thermal study on phenyl, hepta isobutyl‐polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/polystyrene nanocomposites
Authors: Blanco Ignazio , Bottino Francesco Agatino 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA comparative study concerning the thermal stability of polystyrene (PS) and three polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/polystyrene (POSS/PS) nanocomposites of formula R7R′(SiO1.5)8/PS (where R = isobutyl and R′ = phenyl), at various (3, 5, and 10%) POSS concentration was carried out in both inert (flowing nitrogen) and oxidative (static air) atmospheres. Nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ polymerization of styrene in the presence of POSS and the experimental filler concentration in the obtained compounds, determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy, was in all cases slightly higher than that in the reactant mixtures. Inherent viscosity (ηinh) determinations indicated that the average molar mass of polymer in the nanocomposites was practically the same than neat PS and were in agreement with calorimetric glass transition temperature (Tg) measurements. The temperature at 5% mass loss (T5%) and the activation energy (Ea) of degradation process of synthesized nanocomposites were determined and compared with each other and with those of unfilled PS. On the basis of the results from thermal and IR spectroscopy characterizations, nanocomposite with 5% of molecular filler appears the most thermally stable. The results were also compared with literature data on similar PS‐based nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and chain extension of hydroxyl‐terminated poly(lactic acid) oligomers and application in the blends
Authors: Liu Junshao , Peizhen Chen , Jiang Huihua , Chen Liangbi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHydroxyl‐terminated poly(lactic acid) prepolymer (LA prepolymer) were prepared via L‐lactic acid as monomer, 1,4‐butanediol as blocking agent and Sn(II) octoate as catalyst by direct melt polymerization. Then the LA prepolymer was blended with starch followed by in situ chain extending reaction using different content of TDI as chain extender, producing the high molecular weight of poly(ester urethane) in the blends. The LA prepolymer/starch‐TDI blends were characterized by GPC, 1H‐NMR, SEM, DSC, tensile strength testing, and water resistance. The SEM results of cross‐section show that, compared with the simple PLA/starch blends, almost the starch granules were completely covered by ploy(ester urethane) in the LA prepolymer/starch‐TDI blends system. In comparison to the simple PLA/starch blends, the mechanical properties of LA prepolymer/starch‐TDI blends were increased, such as tensile strength increasing from 18.6 ± 3.8 to 44.2 ± 6.2 Mpa, tensile modulus increasing from 510 ± 62 to 1,850 ± 125 Mpa and elongation at break increasing from 1.8 ± 0.4 to 4.0 ± 0.5 %, respectively. This is attributed to high weight of poly (ester urethane) was formed via in situ reaction of the end of hydroxyl (LA prepolymer) and isocyanate groups and the starch granules were easily covered by ploy(ether urethane) via in situ polymerization in the blends. Moreover, covalent linkage was formed between the two phases interfaces. As a result, the interfacial adhesion was enhance and improved the mechanical property. In addition, the water resistance of LA prepolymer/starch‐TDI blends was much better that of the simple PLA/starch blends. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fabrication and microwave absorption properties of BaTiO3 nanotube/polyaniline hybrid nanomaterials
Authors: Zhu Yao‐Feng , Fu Ya‐Qin , Natsuki Toshiaki , Ni Qing‐Qing 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHybrid nanomaterials consisting of BaTiO3 nanotubes (BTO NTs) and polyaniline (PANI), hereafter denoted as BTO NT/PANI, were successfully prepared by a one‐step in situ oxidative polymerization process of aniline monomers in the presence of BaTiO3 nanotubes, with ammonium persulfate as oxidant and hydrochloric acid as dopant. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposites were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The conductivity property of the hybrid nanomaterials was also investigated. Compared with pure polyaniline, BTO NT/PANI hybrid nanomaterials exhibited enhanced reflection loss properties, which can even be further improved with appropriate electromagnetic impedance matching. More importantly, microwave‐absorbing properties of the nanocomposites can be simply modulated simply by controlling the BaTiO3 NTs content of the absorber for the required frequency bands. Therefore, these composites may be used as lightweight andhighly effective microwave absorbers. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation and physical properties of polylactide/cellulose nanowhisker/nanoclay composites
Authors: Hong Jinwook , Kim Dae Su 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPolylactide (PLA) has been getting lots of interests in step with global concerns on sustainable green technology because it is biodegradable with reasonable mechanical strength and can be processed quite easily. But, to compete with commodity polymers in the market PLA‐based green composites need to have higher mechanical and thermal properties. Therefore, in this study, cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) as well as nanoclay were used as nanofillers to improve physical properties of PLA. CNWs were prepared from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder by acid hydrolysis, and confirmed by TEM. To improve interfacial bonding between PLA and CNWs maleic anhydride‐grafted PLA (MAPLA) was prepared and used as a compatibilizer. PLA‐based composites were prepared by melt mixing followed by compression molding. Mechanical properties of the composites were measured by UTM and DMA. The melt mixing conditions were optimized first, and then composition was optimized step by step to obtain a PLA‐based green composite with excellent physical properties. CNWs were much better than MCC powder as reinforcing natural fillers. MAPLA and nanoclay could improve considerably physical properties of the PLA‐based composites. Compared to the PLA/MCC composite the tensile strength of the PLA/CNW/MAPLA/nanoclay composite was almost doubled and the glass transition temperature of the composite was 23°C higher, making the composite possible for commercial applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Temperature quenching of Ce3+ impurity ion fluorescence in Y2O2S: Spatial confinement effect in multiphonon relaxation
Authors: Feofilov S. P. , Kulinkin A. B. , Zakharchenya R. I. , Hölsä J. , Malkamäki M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe non‐radiative decay of the 5d excited state of Ce3+ ions in Y2O2S was studied with fluorescence spectroscopy. It is shown that temperature quenching of Ce3+ ion fluorescence is due to high‐order multiphonon relaxation. The direct evidence of spatial confinement effect in multiphonon relaxation was obtained: relaxation is more efficient in nanoparticles than in micron‐sized particles.
Eighty years of random networks
Authors: Wright A. C. , Thorpe M. F. 
Published: January 2013

Abstractmagnified imageThe 80 years since Zachariasen's famous paper, 20 years before Stephen Elliott was born, on the random network theory of glass structure have seen remarkable progress in our understanding of the structure of glassy materials through the construction of models and comparison with experiment. In the early days, models were hand‐built with plastic units and had free boundary conditions. Today, very much larger computer models have periodic boundary conditions. We recount the progress that has been made in the last 80 years, and discuss the current agreement between models and experiments that remains imperfect. Stephen Elliott's work on medium range order forms an important part of the history of this subject.
Computational investigation of the adsorption and reactions of SiHx (x = 0–4) on TiO2 anatase (101) and rutile (110) surfaces
Authors: Huang Wen‐Fei , Chen Hsin‐Tsung , Lin M.C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe adsorption and reactions of the SiHx (x = 0–4) on Titanium dioxide (TiO2) anatase (101) and rutile (110) surfaces have been studied by using periodic density functional theory in conjunction with the projected augmented wave approach. It is found that SiHx (x = 0–4) can form the monodentate, bidentate, or tridentate adsorbates, depending on the value of x. H coadsorption is found to reduce the stability of SiHx adsorption. Hydrogen migration on the TiO2 surfaces is also discussed for elucidation of the SiHx decomposition mechanism. Comparing adsorption energies, energy barriers, and potential energy profiles on the two TiO2 surfaces, the SiHx decomposition can occur more readily on the rutile (110) surface than on the anatase (101) surface. The results may be used for kinetic simulation of Si thin‐film deposition and quantum dot preparation on titania by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced CVD, or catalytically enhanced CVD. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Considering dynamic parameters of damaged structure in MPA and YPS nonlinear static procedures for asymmetric buildings
Authors: Moslemi Mehdi , Chizari Hossein , Moghadam Abdolreza Sarvghad 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe yield point spectra and modal pushover procedures have already been used in seismic design of new buildings and vulnerability evaluation of existing structures. This paper initially identifies the similarities and differences of the two procedures. Then, the modal characteristics of damaged structure are used to modify their methodologies. The applications of the procedures in estimating displacement, interstory drift index and plastic hinge rotation responses of asymmetric buildings are investigated for three 5‐story reinforced concrete moment‐resisting frame‐building models. The results show considerable improvement in estimating the responses of those asymmetric buildings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust wind turbine gearbox fault detection
Authors: Sheldon Jeremy , Mott Genna , Lee Hyungdae , Watson Matthew 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTImpact Technologies' participation in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Wind Turbine Gearbox Condition Monitoring Round Robin focused on applying multiple vibration diagnostic algorithms to the provided data set. These approaches have been developed and matured by the team in Department of Defense applications for more than 10 years. Generally, the methods employed by the team worked well, once the challenges and peculiarities of the data set were realized. The results of these automated algorithms were also corroborated with visual spectral analysis. Both the blind results, obtained without knowing details on actual gearbox condition, and the conclusions that were drawn after learning the actual damage are each discussed. The algorithms and results are summarized herein. Finally some conclusions and recommendations are provided that may help guide future tests and analysis efforts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic transformation of carbohydrates and lignin in ionic liquids
Authors: Zhang Z. Conrad 
Published: January 2013

Ionic liquids with anions of strong hydrogen‐bond basicity have been broadly reported in the literature as effective solvents for the dissolution of the components of lignocellulosic biomass. The key attributes of various ionic liquids are reviewed with a focus on their structural and functional properties related to biomass dissolution capacity. A number of the most studied ionic liquids with high solubility for cellulose and lignin have often been found not suited for catalytic conversions of these biomass components. Metal chlorides in chloride‐based ionic liquids are robust catalyst systems for efficient cellulose and lignin conversions. Emerging leads in the literature related to the use of ionic liquids for catalytic conversions of cellulose, cellulosic carbohydrates, and lignin are discussed.This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Implications from clean observables for the binned analysis of B → K ∗ μ + μ − at large recoil
Authors: Descotes-Genon Sébastien , Matias Joaquim , Ramon Marc , Virto Javier 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe perform a frequentist analysis ofq2-dependentB→K∗(→Kπ)ℓ+ℓ−angular observables at large recoil, aiming at bridging the gap between current theoretical analyses and the actual experimental measurements. We focus on the most appropriate set of observables to measure and on the role of theq2-binning. We highlight the importance of the observablesPiexhibiting a limited sensitivity to soft form factors for the search for New Physics contributions. We compute predictions for these binned observables in the Standard Model, and we compare them with their experimental determination extracted from recent LHCb data. Analysingb→sandb→sℓ+ℓ−transitions within four different New Physics scenarios, we identify several New Physics benchmark points which can be discriminated through the measurement ofPiobservables with a fineq2-binning. We emphasise the importance (and risks) of using observables with (un)suppressed dependence on soft form factors for the search of New Physics, which we illustrate by the different size of hadronic uncertainties attached to two related observables (P1andS3). We illustrate how theq2-dependent angular observables measured in several bins can help to unravel New Physics contributions toB→K∗(→Kπ)ℓ+ℓ−, and show the extraordinary constraining power that the clean observables will have in the near future. We provide semi-numerical expressions for these observables as functions of the relevant Wilson coefficients at the low scale.
Toward a wiki guide for obstetrics and gynecology trainees in Ireland
Authors: McVey Ruaidhrí M. , Clarke Eric , Joyce Pauline , Turner Michael , Gannon Michael J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe present paper describes the implementation of a novel, web‐based, comprehensive national information hub for trainees in obstetrics and gynecology in Ireland. This was a unique development in the context of an entire medical specialty and was aligned with the communication strategy of the governing professional body. To date, trainee doctors working in Ireland undergo an incoherent and inconsistent new‐staff induction and handover. In the healthcare setting, staff integration can have a major impact on the quality of patient care.MethodsA free wiki software platform (PBworks) was used for the website, and freely available software (Google Analytics) was used to determine user interaction and level of engagement.ResultsIn the first year, 442 user visits were recorded. The average duration of site visits was 4 minutes 39 seconds, which compared favorably with the 4‐minute duration for visits to Wikipedia.ConclusionThe project was successful as a proof concept and in practice. Other medical faculties have expressed an interest in adopting the concept and developing it for their trainees. The concept is widely applicable to other countries, with the negligible cost relevant to resource‐poor areas.
Role of surgery in the management of head and neck cancer: a contemporary view of the data in the era of organ preservation
Authors: Hörmann K , Sadick H 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjective:Review of the literature on the role of surgery in the management of head and neck cancer in the era of organ preservation.Method:Literature search based on the essential practice guidelines set out by the US National Comprehensive Cancer Network.Results:Despite the increasing popularity of non-surgical treatment options, the surgeon remains a key figure in the multidisciplinary head and neck cancer team, along with the radiation oncologist, the medical oncologist and the speech and swallowing therapist. Even when organ preservation is successful, early and late toxicity may cause serious complications, including laryngeal dysfunction with a ‘frozen larynx’. When organ preservation fails, salvage surgery is often associated with increased complications and reduced survival.Conclusion:There is a definite need to apply more rigorous standards to the use of organ preservation strategies, and to re-evaluate the role of surgery in head and neck cancer treatment.
Lichen community change over a 15-year time period: effects of climate and pollution
Authors: EVJU Marianne , BRUTEIG Inga E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOver the last decades, levels of sulphur deposition from air pollution have been substantially reduced in Norway, whereas levels of nitrogen deposition have been stable or somewhat increased. In parallel, a clear trend of increasing annual temperatures, as well as precipitation, is evident. Human impact on natural ecosystems is predicted to reduce biodiversity at regional scales through facilitating a few generalist species at the expense of species with narrow habitat requirements. In this study, we investigate changes in community composition and the abundance of dominant lichen species on birch in subalpine forests over a 15-year period. The study is based on repeated measurements in five monitoring sites in Norway, representing regional gradients in temperature and precipitation as well as in deposition of nitrogen and sulphur compounds. Two dominant species are studied in particular; the generalist Hypogymnia physodes and the subalpine birch specialist Melanelia olivacea. The largest change in species composition was found in the site with the biggest reduction in sulphur deposition during the 15-year period, whereas the site with low precipitation and low pollution loads had small changes in species composition. The abundance of the generalist H. physodes increased in all sites and the specialist M. olivacea decreased in abundance, especially in sites with both high precipitation and heavy nitrogen deposition. Our study thus suggests that a warmer, humid climate is beneficial for the generalist H. physodes.
Pannaria minutiphylla and P. pulverulacea, two new and common, austral species, previously interpreted as Pannaria microphyllizans (Nyl.) P. M. Jørg.
Authors: ELVEBAKK Arve 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPannaria minutiphylla Elvebakk and P. pulverulacea Elvebakk are described here as new to science. Both species belong to the panaustral P. sphinctrina (Mont.) Tuck. ex Hue complex. Their spores, however, are more long-ellipsoid and much less verrucose than those of P. sphinctrina itself, and the species are therefore not considered to be phyllidiate and sorediate counterparts, respectively, of the latter. Pannaria minutiphylla disperses with phyllidia, which are distinctly smaller and not as erect as those of a similar Australian species, P. phyllidiata Elvebakk. Pannaria pulverulacea has the smallest vegetative propagules within this species group. They are referred to as soredia here, although they are partly corticated. This species also has the widest distribution, including wet forests of southern South America, south-eastern Australia, and from Northland to Campbell Island in New Zealand. Pannaria minutiphylla has the same distribution and often grows together with P. pulverulacea, except in southern South America, where some related material has still not been sufficiently studied. Both species are very common within their distribution areas, and previously have mostly been identified as P. microphyllizans. The latter is, however, a very different species, which instead will be studied in comparison with P. athroophylla (Stirt.) Elvebakk & D. J. Galloway.
The decline of the Vulnerable yeheb Cordeauxia edulis, an economically important dryland shrub of Ethiopia
Authors: Yusuf Mussa , Teklehaimanot Zewge , Gurmu Deribe 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCordeauxia edulis (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), commonly called yeheb, is a small tree/shrub species endemic to Ethiopia and Somalia. The tree produces nuts that are consumed as a staple food by pastoralists and are sold in local markets. Recent reports indicate that C. edulis has vanished from many locations where it was noted by earlier travellers and, as a result, it is currently categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. To assess the current status of the species we studied it around 10 villages in Boh district in the Somali Regional State of Ethiopia, where the only known remnant stands of C. edulis in Ethiopia are found. The results show that these populations of C. edulis are declining and natural regeneration is negligible. We recommend that yeheb should be categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, based on criteria A1d, because we estimate that there has been at least a 70% reduction in population size from overexploitation. The major constraints to natural regeneration and imbalance in the population structure are over-harvesting of immature nuts, excessive browsing of shoots and leaves by livestock and excessive cutting of wood for fuel and construction. We recommend that conservation measures for the species focus on sustainable harvesting of mature nuts, raising awareness among local people, preservation and monitoring of remnant populations and introduction of the species in ecologically suitable sites.