bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for biexponential glutamate T2 relaxation in human visual cortex at 3T: A functional MRS study
Authors: Emeliyanova Polina , Parkes Laura M. , Williams Stephen R. , Lea‐Carnall Caroline 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) measures dynamic changes in metabolite concentration in response to neural stimulation. The biophysical basis of these changes remains unclear. One hypothesis suggests that an increase or decrease in the glutamate signal detected by fMRS could be due to neurotransmitter movements between cellular compartments with different T2 relaxation times. Previous studies reporting glutamate (Glu) T2 values have generally sampled at echo times (TEs) within the range of 30–450 ms, which is not adequate to observe a component with short T2 (<20 ms). Here, we acquire MRS measurements for Glu, (t) total creatine (tCr) and total N‐acetylaspartate (tNAA) from the visual cortex in 14 healthy participants at a range of TE values between 9.3–280 ms during short blocks (64 s) of flickering checkerboards and rest to examine both the short‐ and long‐T2 components of the curve. We fit monoexponential and biexponential Glu, tCr and tNAA T2 relaxation curves for rest and stimulation and use Akaike information criterion to assess best model fit. We also include power calculations for detection of a 2% shift of Glu between compartments for each TE. Using pooled data over all participants at rest, we observed a short Glu T2‐component with T2 = 10 ms and volume fraction of 0.35, a short tCr T2‐component with T2 = 26 ms and volume fraction of 0.25 and a short tNAA T2‐component around 15 ms with volume fraction of 0.34. No statistically significant change in Glu, tCr and tNAA signal during stimulation was detected at any TE. The volume fractions of short‐T2 component between rest and active conditions were not statistically different. This study provides evidence for a short T2‐component for Glu, tCr and tNAA but no evidence to support the hypothesis of task‐related changes in glutamate distribution between short and long T2 compartments.
Linear Bloch–Siegert phase‐encoded low‐field MRI: RF coils, pulse sequence, and image reconstruction
Authors: Srinivas Sai Abitha , Martin Jonathan B. , Vaughn Christopher E. , Grissom William A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConventional
gradient systems have several weaknesses including high cost and bulk. As a step towards addressing these while providing new degrees of freedom for spatial encoding and system design in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a radio frequency (RF) gradient encoding system and pulse sequence for phase encoding using the Bloch–Siegert (BS) shift were developed. Optimized BS spatial encoding coils with bucking windings (counter‐wound loops) were designed and constructed, along with compatible homogeneous imaging coils for excitation and signal reception. Two coil systems were developed: one for phantom imaging and a second for human wrist imaging. BS phase‐encoded imaging and BS RF pulse simulations were performed. Pulse sequences were designed for linear stepping in k‐space and implemented on a 47.5‐mT scanner to image resolution phantoms in both coil setups. Reconstructions were performed using both the full
‐based encoding fields for each BS pulse amplitude and using inverse discrete Fourier transforms. A
gradient was used for frequency encoding during signal readout, and the third axis was projected. Specific absorption ratio (SAR) calculations were performed for the wrist coil to determine the safety of BS‐based RF encoding for
fields in the low field MRI regime. The optimized RF spatial encoding coils resulted in higher linearity (
and 0.9921 in the phantom and wrist coils, respectively) than coils used in previous work. The phantom and wrist imaging coils were validated in simulations and experimentally to produce a peak
G and 0.8 G with 12‐W input power, respectively, in the field‐of‐view (length = 11 cm) used for imaging. Nominal imaging resolutions of 5.22 and 7.21 mm were, respectively, achieved by the two‐coil systems in the RF phase‐encoded dimension. Coil systems, pulse sequences, and image reconstructions were developed for linear RF phase encoding using the BS shift and validated using a 47.5‐mT open low field scanner, establishing a key component required for
gradient‐free imaging at low
field strengths.
Risk factors for the development of refeeding syndrome in adults: A systematic review
Authors: Zheng Ping , Chen Yilin , Chen Feng , Zhou Min , Xie Caixia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIdentifying patients with a particularly high risk of refeeding syndrome (RFS) is essential for taking preventive measures. To guide the development of clinical decision‐making and risk prediction models or other screening tools for RFS, increased knowledge of risk factors is needed. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to identify risk factors for the development of RFS. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from January 1990 until March 2023. Studies investigating demographic, clinical, drug use, laboratory, and/or nutrition factors for RFS were considered. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used to appraise the methodological quality of included studies. Of 1589 identified records, 30 studies were included. Thirty‐three factors associated with increased risk of RFS after multivariable adjustments were identified. The following factors were reported by two or more studies, with 0–1 study reporting null findings: a previous history of alcohol misuse, cancer, comorbid hypertension, high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, low Glasgow coma scale score, the use of diuretics before refeeding, low baseline serum prealbumin level, high baseline level of creatinine, and enteral nutrition. The majority of the studies (20, 66.7%) were of high methodological quality. In conclusion, this systematic review informs on several risk factors for RFS in patients. To improve risk stratification and guide development of risk prediction models or other screening tools, further confirmation is needed because there were a small number of studies and a low number of high‐quality studies on each factor.
The mediating role of resilience between caregiver burden and hope among patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Zhou Meijing , Wang Mi , Luo Dan , Sun Caiyun , Bian Qiugui , Xu Jingjing , Lin Zheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate whether resilience mediates the connection between caregiver burden and hope among caregivers of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsTwo hundred patients with IBD were conveniently sampled from two tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China. The main instruments involved the Zarit Burden Interview, the 10‐item Connor‐Davidson resilience scale, and the Herth Hope Index. We conducted descriptive analysis and Pearson correlations using SPSS 25.0. The PROCESS v3.3 macro analysed the mediating effect. We report the results in line with the STROBE checklist.ResultsCaregiver burden was significantly negatively connected with hope and resilience, whereas resilience positively correlated with hope. The mediation role of resilience was significant in the relationship between caregiver burden and hope, with mediating effects accounting for 47.86% of the overall effect.ConclusionsResilience partially mediates the association between caregiver burden and hope among patients with IBD. This finding highlights the protective role of resilience in undermining caregiver burden and strengthening hope.Implications for PracticeIn clinical practice, healthcare providers should perform routine psychological assessments for caregivers of patients with IBD. Furthermore, resilience training should be incorporated into interventions to alleviate caregiver burden and enhance hope.Patient or Public ContributionNone.
Indicators and factors related to one‐year improved SCImago journal rank in nursing journals: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Srisawad Sutthisak , Lertsittiphan Kullacha , Saenkla Pennapa , Tunsirirut Sirirut 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsTo analyse the bibliometric data of nursing journals covering general fields, specializations, skills and practices and investigate the influence of selection factors on the one‐year improved SCImago journal rank (SJR).DesignA bibliometric analysis.MethodsThe study sample included academic journals in the field of nursing indexed in the Scopus and SJR database using data from 2020 to 2022. Quantile regression were performed that investigated the influence factors over the one‐year improved SJR when variables were found to be non‐normally distributed, characterized by extremely high kurtosis.ResultsResults from 539 nursing journals retrieved from the Scopus and SCImago databases revealed that citation index remains the main factor that positively affects differences in SJR, while citable articles only affect the early stages of quantile regression. In addition, an excessively high number of research articles may negatively affect SJR, and the influence of self‐citations can initially be positive but become negative the following year. Citations continue to be the dominant factor, while the rapid growth in the number of articles and self‐citations must be addressed with caution.No Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Management of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: A Model Comparing Surgery, Molecular Testing, and Observation
Authors: Welschmeyer Alexandra , Kligerman Maxwell , Noel Julia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveOptimal management of indeterminate nodules remains a controversial area of endocrine surgery. The purpose of this study is to compare observation, molecular testing, and immediate thyroid surgery for the management of Bethesda Classes III and IV nodules in patients age 50 to 90 years.Study DesignA decision analysis was performed from April 22, 2021, to September 29, 2023, using a Markov model constructed with TreeAgePro 2023. Model variables and ranges were selected based on literature review data.SettingTreeAgePro.MethodsA 1‐way sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the age threshold at which each management pathway, immediate thyroid surgery, additional molecular testing, or observation, would be favored. A Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed 5 times with model patients assigned starting ages of 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 years to assess how age at diagnosis would impact model results. Outcomes were measured with quality‐adjusted life‐years and accounted for perioperative complications including permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, permanent hypoparathyroidism, and medical complications.ResultsIn the study models, molecular testing was more beneficial than surgery and observation across all ages. The age threshold at which observation became more beneficial than surgery as the next best option was 83.1 years. However, the clinical difference between all 3 treatment algorithms was relatively minimal.ConclusionsDecision‐making regarding indeterminate thyroid nodules is complex. Given the clinically similar results across all 3 treatment algorithm, this study reinforces that treatment modalities should be individually tailored and based on shared physician‐patient decision making.
A legal cure for news choice overload: Regulating algorithms and AI with ‘light patterns’ to foster autonomy and democracy
Authors: Molitorisz Sacha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite an unprecedented abundance of news content, both news avoidance and dissatisfaction are rising. Blending journalism, philosophy and law scholarship, this paper argues that ‘news choice overload’ causes paralysis and poor outcomes as it transfers power to algorithms, thereby harming autonomy and, in turn, democracy. An analysis of Australian and European regulatory responses shows the need for an algorithmic regulator and a transparency requirement for digital platforms. Further, people's ability to choose autonomously can be fostered by positive interventions, or ‘light patterns’, including ‘diversity nudges’ and a shift from caveat emptor to a caveat venditor approach, in which digital platforms are assigned legal responsibility. Recognising that it is autonomy and democracy—not choice per se—that are valuable, such interventions can shift meaningful decision‐making back to citizens at a moment when the rise of generative artificial intelligence is giving algorithms yet more power.
Revisiting the nexus between governance and poverty in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Abdulhakeem A. Kilishi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the influence of different components of governance on poverty. Hence, the study investigates the direct impact of four pillars of governance and 16 subindicators of governance on poverty in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). This is unlike most previous studies that use a composite index of governance which does not have a bearing on specific policy variables. A panel data set of 41 SSA countries over a period from 2012 to 2022 is analyzed using the System GMM (Generalised Method of Moment) estimation technique. The findings show that improvement in the four pillars of governance (security and rule of law; participation, rights and inclusion; foundation for economic opportunity; and human development) would yield significant reduction of poverty in SSA. However, not all the sub‐indicators have a direct impact on poverty, those that show significant effects are: (a) rule of law and justice, (b) accountability and transparency, (c) anticorruption, (d) public administration, (e) infrastructure, (f) rural development, (g) social welfare, and (h) sustainable environment. All the significant indicators have bearing on the creation and protection of an enabling environment and opportunity for productive activities. Hence, it is recommended that policymakers should undertake judicial system reforms including reforms of the police services. Civil service reform is also recommended, while the business of government should be carried out transparently with zero tolerance for corruption.
The medicinal plant Buddleja asiatica and its relation to the welfare of local people in the Pan‐Himalayan region: Past, present, and future perspectives
Authors: Gurung Bishal , Yang Fengmao , Chen Gao , Ge Jia 
Published: August 2024

Societal Impact StatementGlobalization and rapid shifts in culture and economy threaten indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) systems, and large intergenerational gaps in this knowledge already exist. Buddleja asiatica is a deciduous shrub or small tree with traditional medicinal applications but is currently largely overlooked as a medicinal resource. This study investigates the traditional uses of B. asiatica in indigenous communities in the Pan‐Himalayan region through ethnobotanical field surveys, with a view to preserving cultural heritage and strengthening economic resilience in these communities, as well as developing B. asiatica as a medicinal resource. Prioritizing the well‐being of mountain communities, this study aims to bridge community development with nature.SummaryBuddleja asiatica Lour. (Scrophulariaceae) is widely distributed across the Pan‐Himalayan region. It has traditional medicinal applications and cultural value, as well as ecological significance. We conducted an ethnobotanical study combining field surveys from Nepal and Xizang, China with a literature review using Web of Science (WoS) to review the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological aspects of this species. Our study highlights the cultural significance of B. asiatica within indigenous communities and, in particular, the use of the leaves to make a starter culture for the preparation of wine. However, an evident intergenerational gap in knowledge transfer exists. The phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of various chemical classes (carbohydrates, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, esters, steroids, glycosides, and fatty acids), of which 15 phytoconstituents were first reported from various parts of B. asiatica. The potential medicinal properties of these chemicals include anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antihepatotoxic, antimicrobial, and cholinesterase activities. We combine these lines of evidence to show the prospects for the livelihoods of local people across this region and propose future research directions.
A fully automatic tool for development of population pharmacokinetic models
Authors: Chen Xiaomei , Nordgren Rikard , Belin Stella , Hamdan Alzahra , Wang Shijun , Yang Tianwu , Huang Zhe , Carter Simon J. , Buatois Simon , Abrantes João A. , Hooker Andrew C. , Karlsson Mats O. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPopulation pharmacokinetic (PK) models are widely used to inform drug development by pharmaceutical companies and facilitate drug evaluation by regulatory agencies. Developing a population PK model is a multi‐step, challenging, and time‐consuming process involving iterative manual model fitting and evaluation. A tool for fully automatic model development (AMD) of common population PK models is presented here. The AMD tool is implemented in Pharmpy, a versatile open‐source library for pharmacometrics. It consists of different modules responsible for developing the different components of population PK models, including the structural model, the inter‐individual variability (IIV) model, the inter‐occasional variability (IOV) model, the residual unexplained variability (RUV) model, the covariate model, and the allometry model. The AMD tool was evaluated using 10 real PK datasets involving the structural, IIV, and RUV modules in three sequences. The different sequences yielded generally consistent structural models; however, there were variations in the results of the IIV and RUV models. The final models of the AMD tool showed lower Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) values and similar visual predictive check plots compared with the available published models, indicating reasonable quality, in addition to reasonable run time. A similar conclusion was also drawn in a simulation study. The developed AMD tool serves as a promising tool for fast and fully automatic population PK model building with the potential to facilitate the use of modeling and simulation in drug development.
Allometric shifts in foraging site selection and area increase energy intake for Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout but are constrained by functional limits to prey capture
Authors: Hallbert Tyson B. , Keeley Ernest R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
For foraging animals, energy acquisition is often influenced by an interaction of prey abundance and the amount of space needed to capture sufficient food. Suitable habitat includes those locations where prey capture rates are sufficient to meet energetic requirements for growth and reproduction. Hence, quantifying how space use changes with energy requirements and how prey densities affect prey capture rates in foraging animals provides insight into the mechanisms that create suitable habitat. Here, we were interested in assessing how body size influences foraging site selection, space use, and energy intake by Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri. Furthermore, we sought to quantify how foraging rates changed with increasing levels of food.

Methods
We recorded Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout foraging behavior in natural streams and measured space use and foraging rates using three-dimensional videography.

Result
We found that physical habitat features, such as current velocity, water depth, and foraging distance, were positively correlated with fish body size, but when foraging area was compared to a model of space use, we found that Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout used less space to capture prey than the model predicted. Fish foraging rates and estimated energy intake also increased with increasing prey availability; however, trout captured prey according to a type II functional response, indicating an upper limit to prey capture from handling time constraints.

Conclusion
These data demonstrate that Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout display allometric changes in foraging habitat use: larger fish can occupy deeper and faster areas that increase prey encounter rates, but as prey encounter rates increase, the foraging rates become limited by an individual's ability to identify, pursue, and handle prey items.
Evaluation of the effect of sustained‐release progesterone injection on the expression of interferon‐related genes in repeat‐breeder dairy cows
Authors: Modaresi Jahangir , Kadivar Ali , Esfandabadi Naser Shams , Khosravian Pegah , Mohebbi Abdonnaser 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundRepeat‐breeder cows repeatedly fail to conceive after at least three attempts and return to oestrus at apparently normal intervals. Repeat‐breeder cows cause economic losses in dairy farms in different ways.ObjectiveIn the present study, we investigated the effect of sustained‐release progesterone injection in two different doses on the expression of interferon‐related genes in repeat‐breeder dairy cows.MethodsA total of 96 repeat‐breeder primiparous and multiparous cows were assigned among three groups: control group, inseminated and do not receive progesterone treatment; P400 and P600 groups, inseminated and received a single‐intramuscular injection of 400 and 600 mg slow‐release progesterone 5 days after insemination, respectively. Blood sampling was carried out on Day 20 after AI for progesterone measurement and evaluation of gene expression for ISG15, MX1 and MX2 genes.ResultsOne injection of sustained‐release progesterone increased the expression of ISG15, MX1 and MX2 genes with differences between two different progesterone concentrations. For all three genes, the level of gene expression was higher in progesterone‐supplemented group than in control group, when P400 and P600 groups considered together. The level of MX2 gene expression was significantly higher in pregnant cows than non‐pregnant cows. There was a significant positive correlation between expression level of all three genes and blood progesterone concentration. The expression level of ISG15 gene showed a significant positive correlation with MX1 and MX2 gene expression.ConclusionThe use of this sustained‐release progesterone is simple and can be used in repeat‐breeder cows to improve fertility.