bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical approximations of discharge recessions for steeply sloping aquifers in alpine catchments
Authors: Pauritsch Marcus , Birk Steffen , Wagner Thomas , Hergarten Stefan , Winkler Gerfried 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe validity and applicability of various methods to infer hydraulic properties of sloping aquifers in alpine settings using the power law relationship between the discharge recession and its first time derivative is explored. For this purpose, a synthetic spring catchment implemented in the numerical groundwater flow model MODFLOW as well as the example of a relict rock glacier in an alpine setting is examined. The various approaches are found to differ particularly in the late time domain, whereas most of them agree fairly well in the early time domain and at the transition point between the two time domains. As the early recession may be affected by uncertainties from inappropriate initial conditions, it is proposed to use the transition point for estimating aquifer thickness and transmissivity. Using only prolonged winter recessions in the analysis of the field data from the relict rock glacier yields estimates of aquifer thickness and hydraulic conductivity consistent with results from a geophysical survey and tracer tests, respectively. In the other seasons, the recession is frequently interrupted by minor recharge events, and using the lower envelope of the entire data is found to yield estimates that are too high in the given case. It is thus recommended to focus on the winter recession in the analysis of hydrograph data from alpine settings.
One hundred years of return period: Strengths and limitations
Authors: Volpi E. , Fiori A. , Grimaldi S. , Lombardo F. , Koutsoyiannis D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOne hundred years from its original definition by Fuller (), the probabilistic concept of return period is widely used in hydrology as well as in other disciplines of geosciences to give an indication on critical event rareness. This concept gains its popularity, especially in engineering practice for design and risk assessment, due to its ease of use and understanding; however, return period relies on some basic assumptions that should be satisfied for a correct application of this statistical tool. Indeed, conventional frequency analysis in hydrology is performed by assuming as necessary conditions that extreme events arise from a stationary distribution and are independent of one another. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the properties of return period when the independence condition is omitted; hence, we explore how the different definitions of return period available in literature affect results of frequency analysis for processes correlated in time. We demonstrate that, for stationary processes, the independence condition is not necessary in order to apply the classical equation of return period (i.e., the inverse of exceedance probability). On the other hand, we show that the time‐correlation structure of hydrological processes modifies the shape of the distribution function of which the return period represents the first moment. This implies that, in the context of time‐dependent processes, the return period might not represent an exhaustive measure of the probability of failure, and that its blind application could lead to misleading results. To overcome this problem, we introduce the concept of Equivalent Return Period, which controls the probability of failure still preserving the virtue of effectively communicating the event rareness.
Near‐infrared light is neuroprotective in a monkey model of Parkinson disease
Authors: Darlot Fannie , Moro Cécile , El Massri Nabil , Chabrol Claude , Johnstone Daniel M. , Reinhart Florian , Agay Diane , Torres Napoleon , Bekha Dhaïf , Auboiroux Vincent , Costecalde Thomas , Peoples Cassandra L. , Anastascio Helena D. T. , Shaw Victoria E. , Stone Jonathan , Mitrofanis John , Benabid Alim‐Louis 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo examine whether near‐infrared light (NIr) treatment reduces clinical signs and/or offers neuroprotection in a subacute 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) monkey model of Parkinson disease.MethodsWe implanted an optical fiber device that delivered NIr (670nm) to the midbrain of macaque monkeys, close to the substantia nigra of both sides. MPTP injections (1.5–2.1mg/kg) were made over a 5‐ to 7‐day period, during which time the NIr device was turned on. This was then followed by a 3‐week survival period. Monkeys were evaluated clinically (eg, posture, bradykinesia) and behaviorally (open field test), and their brains were processed for immunohistochemistry and stereology.ResultsAll monkeys in the MPTP group developed severe clinical and behavioral impairment (mean clinical scores = 21–34; n = 11). By contrast, the MPTP‐NIr group developed much less clinical and behavioral impairment (n = 9); some monkeys developed moderate clinical signs (mean scores = 11–15; n = 3), whereas the majority—quite remarkably—developed few clinical signs (mean scores = 1–6; n = 6). The monkeys that developed moderate clinical signs had hematic fluid in their optical fibers at postmortem, presumably limiting NIr exposure and overall clinical improvement. NIr was not toxic to brain tissue and offered neuroprotection to dopaminergic cells and their terminations against MPTP insult, particularly in animals that developed few clinical signs.InterpretationOur findings indicate NIr to be an effective therapeutic agent in a primate model of the disease and create the template for translation into clinical trials. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:59–75
Centrifugally Spun SnO2 Microfibers Composed of Interconnected Nanoparticles as the Anode in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lu Yao , Yanilmaz Meltem , Chen Chen , Dirican Mahmut , Ge Yeqian , Zhu Jiadeng , Zhang Xiangwu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSnO2 microfibers were synthesized by using centrifugal spinning technology and were evaluated as the anode in sodium‐ion batteries. The as‐prepared SnO2 microfibers are composed of interconnected nanoparticles with small interparticle openings. The 1‐demensional fibrous morphology, fine particle size, and open pore structure result in reduced electrochemical impedance and enhanced electrochemical performance. The highest capacity achieved is 567 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1. At a much higher current density of 640 mA g−1, the microfiber electrode still retains a high capacity of 158 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. The SnO2 microfibers also demonstrate good rate performance in a current range of 20–640 mA g−1. The results demonstrate that SnO2 microfibers are a potential anode material candidate for sodium‐ion batteries and that centrifugal spinning offers a feasible solution for the large‐scale production of fibrous electrode materials.
Formation of the Main Cores Present in Natural Products by Tandem Additions
Authors: Guérard Kimiaka C. , Hamel Vincent , Guérinot Amandine , Bouchard‐Aubin Cloé , Canesi Sylvain 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA rapid route to 5,5‐ and 5,6‐ bicyclic systems is provided by an 1,3‐alkyl‐shift process mediated by a hypervalent iodine reagent on aromatics. The structures obtained contain several unsaturations with different behaviors and reactivities. Such diversity allows further elaborations for the rapid formation of compact systems present in a variety of natural products. The potential for further transformations has been demonstrated by performing a double Michael addition. This cyclization process is regio‐ and stereoselective due to the presence of a former benzylic substituent. Furthermore, an extension of this approach has been accomplished on indole derivatives.
Pd@Pt Core–Shell Nanoparticles with Branched Dandelion‐like Morphology as Highly Efficient Catalysts for Olefin Reduction
Authors: Datta Kasibhatta Josena , Datta Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha , Gawande Manoj B. , Ranc Vaclav , Čépe Klára , Malgras Victor , Yamauchi Yusuke , Varma Rajender S. , Zboril Radek 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA facile synthesis based on the addition of ascorbic acid to a mixture of Na2PdCl4, K2PtCl6, and Pluronic P123 results in highly branched core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) with a micro–mesoporous dandelion‐like morphology comprising Pd core and Pt shell. The slow reduction kinetics associated with the use of ascorbic acid as a weak reductant and suitable Pd/Pt atomic ratio (1:1) play a principal role in the formation mechanism of such branched Pd@Pt core–shell NPs, which differs from the traditional seed‐mediated growth. The catalyst efficiently achieves the reduction of a variety of olefins in good to excellent yields. Importantly, higher catalytic efficiency of dandelion‐like Pd@Pt core–shell NPs was observed for the olefin reduction than commercially available Pt black, Pd NPs, and physically admixed Pt black and Pd NPs. This superior catalytic behavior is not only due to larger surface area and synergistic effects but also to the unique micro–mesoporous structure with significant contribution of mesopores with sizes of several tens of nanometers.
The infiltration, and prognostic importance, of Th1 lymphocytes vary in molecular subgroups of colorectal cancer
Authors: Ling Agnes , Lundberg Ida V , Eklöf Vincy , Wikberg Maria L , Öberg Åke , Edin Sofia , Palmqvist Richard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGiving strong prognostic information, T‐cell infiltration is on the verge of becoming an additional component in the routine clinical setting for classification of colorectal cancer (CRC). With a view to further improving the tools for prognostic evaluation, we have studied how Th1 lymphocyte infiltration correlates with prognosis not only by quantity, but also by subsite, within CRCs with different molecular characteristics (microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype status, and BRAF and KRAS mutational status). We evaluated the Th1 marker T‐bet by immunohistochemistry in 418 archival tumour tissue samples from patients who underwent surgical resection for CRC. We found that a high number of infiltrating Th1 lymphocytes is strongly associated with an improved prognosis in patients with CRC, irrespective of intratumoural subsite, and that both extent of infiltration and patient outcome differ according to molecular subgroup. In brief, microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype‐high and BRAF mutated tumours showed increased infiltration of Th1 lymphocytes, and the most pronounced prognostic effect of Th1 infiltration was found in these tumours. Interestingly, BRAF mutated tumours were found to be more highly infiltrated by Th1 lymphocytes than BRAF wild‐type tumours whereas the opposite was seen for KRAS mutated tumours. These differences could be explained at least partly by our finding that BRAF mutated, in contrast to KRAS mutated, CRC cell lines and tumour specimens expressed higher levels of the Th1‐attracting chemokine CXCL10, and reduced levels of CCL22 and TGFB1, stimulating Th2/Treg recruitment and polarisation. In conclusion, the strong prognostic importance of Th1 lymphocyte infiltration in CRC was found at all subsites evaluated, and it remained significant in multivariable analyses, indicating that T‐bet may be a valuable marker in the clinical setting. Our results also indicate that T‐bet is of value when analysed in molecular subgroups of CRC, allowing identification of patients with especially poor prognosis who are in need of extended treatment.
Initial Subsurface Incorporation of Oxygen into Ru(0001): A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Cai Jian‐Qiu , Luo Hai‐Jun , Tao Xiang‐Ming , Tan Ming‐Qiu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe adsorption and diffusion of oxygen on Ru(0001) surfaces as a function of coverage are systematically investigated by using density functional theory. A high incorporation barrier of low‐coverage adsorbed oxygen into the subsurface is discovered. Calculations show that the adsorption of additional on‐surface oxygen can lower the penetration barrier dramatically. The minimum penetration barrier obtained is 1.81 eV for a path starting with oxygen in mixed on‐surface hcp and fcc sites at an oxygen coverage of 0.75 ML, which should be regarded as close to 1 ML. Energy diagrams show that oxygen‐diffusion barriers on the surface and in the subsurface are much lower than the penetration barrier. Oxygen diffusion on the surface is an indispensable step for its initial incorporation into the subsurface.
Cationic Porphyrin–Anionic Surfactant Mixtures for the Promotion of Self‐Organized 1:4 Ion Pairs in Water with Strong Aggregation Properties
Authors: Pradines Vincent , Bijani Christian , Stigliani Jean‐Luc , Blanzat Muriel , Rico‐Lattes Isabelle , Pratviel Geneviève 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe performed a systematic study on the spectroscopic and aggregation properties of stoichiometric mixtures (1:4) of the tetracationic meso‐tetrakis(4‐N‐methylpyridinium)porphyrin (H2TMPyP) and three sodium alkylsulfate surfactants (tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecylsulfate) in an aqueous solution. The objective was to build a supramolecular aggregate, which would favor the internalization of tetracationic porphyrins in cells without chemical modification of the structure of the porphyrin. We show that stoichiometric H2TMPyP/alkylsulfate (1:4) mixtures lead to the formation of large hollow spherical aggregates (60–160 nm). The TEM images show that the membrane of these aggregates are composed of smaller aggregates, which are probably rod‐like micelles. These rod‐like micelles have a hydrophobic core composed of the alkyl chains of the alkylsulfate surfactant, whereas the charged surface corresponds to the tetracationic porphyrins.
Photoswitchable Adsorption in Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on Polar Guest–Host Interactions
Authors: Wang Zhengbang , Grosjean Sylvain , Bräse Stefan , Heinke Lars 
Published: October 2015

AbstractReversible remote‐controlled switching of the properties of nanoporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is enabled by incorporating photoswitchable azobenzene. The interaction of the host material with different guest molecules, which is crucial for all applications, is precisely studied using thin MOF films of the type Cu2(BDC)2(AzoBipyB). A molecule‐specific effect of the photoswitching, based on dipole–dipole interactions, is found.
Classification of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Game Frances 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt is known that the relative importance of factors involved in the development of diabetic foot problems can vary in both their presence and severity between patients and lesions. This may be one of the reasons why outcomes seem to vary centre to centre and why some treatments may seem more effective in some people than others. There is a need therefore to classify and describe lesions of the foot in patients with diabetes in a manner that is agreed across all communities but is simple to use in clinical practice. No single system is currently in widespread use, although a number have been published. Not all are well validated outside the system from which they were derived, and it has not always been made clear the clinical purposes to which such classifications should be put to use, whether that be for research, clinical description in routine clinical care or audit. Here the currently published classification systems, their validation in clinical practice, whether they were designed for research, audit or clinical care, and the strengths and weaknesses of each are explored. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The German and Belgian accreditation models for diabetic foot services
Authors: Morbach Stephan , Kersken Joachim , Lobmann Ralf , Nobels Frank , Doggen Kris , Van Acker Kristien 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot recommends that auditing should be part of the organization of diabetic foot care, the efforts required for data collection and analysis being balanced by the expected benefits. In Germany legislature demands measures of quality management for in‐ and out‐patient facilities, and, in 2003, the Germany Working Group on the Diabetic Foot defined and developed a certification procedure for diabetic foot centres to be recognized as ‘specialized’. This includes a description of management facilities, treatment procedures and outcomes, as well as the organization of mutual auditing visits between the centres. Outcome data is collected at baseline and 6 months on 30 consecutive patients. By 2014 almost 24 000 cases had been collected and analysed. Since 2005 Belgian multidisciplinary diabetic foot clinics could apply for recognition by health authorities. For continued recognition diabetic foot clinics need to treat at least 52 patients with a new foot problem (Wagner 2 or more or active Charcot foot) per annum. Baseline and 6‐month outcome data of these patients are included in an audit‐feedback initiative. Although originally fully independent of each other, the common goal of these two initiatives is quality improvement of national diabetic foot care, and hence exchanges between systems has commenced. In future, the German and Belgian accreditation models might serve as templates for comparable initiatives in other countries. Just recently the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot initiated a working group for further discussion of accreditation and auditing models (International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot AB(B)A Working Group). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lower limb ischaemia in patients with diabetic foot ulcers and gangrene: recognition, anatomic patterns and revascularization strategies
Authors: Mills Joseph L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe confluence of several chronic conditions – in particular ageing, peripheral artery disease, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease – has created a global wave of lower limbs at risk for major amputation. While frequently asymptomatic or not lifestyle limiting, at least 1% of the population has peripheral artery disease of sufficient severity to be limb threatening. To avoid the critical error of failing to diagnose ischaemia, all patients with diabetic foot ulcers and gangrene should routinely undergo physiologic evaluation of foot perfusion. Ankle brachial index is useful when measurable, but may be falsely elevated or not obtainable in as many as 30% of patients with diabetic foot ulcers primarily because of medial calcinosis. Toe pressures and skin perfusion pressures are applicable to such patients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management status and its predictive factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in China: A Nationwide Multicenter Study
Authors: Liu Lin , Lou Qingqing , Guo Xiaohui , Yuan Li , Shen Li , Sun Zilin , Zhao Fang , Dai Xia , Huang Jin , Yang Huiying , Mordes John P. ,   Chinese Diabetes Education Status Survey Study Group
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes in China is increasing rapidly. Appropriate management of glycemia, blood pressure and dyslipidemia in this population is a major public health concern.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess metabolic control including glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c), in a large sample of patients with type 2 diabetes in China and to identify factors that correlated with the achievement of HbA1c, BP and LDL‐c goals (ABCs).MethodA nationwide survey was conducted in 50 medical centres across China from April to July of 2010. Baseline information on demographics, medical history, HbA1c, BP and LDL‐c levels were measured in 5961 patients with type 2 diabetes.ResultsMean age, body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c were 59.5 ± 1.3 years, 24.5 ± 4.1 kg/m2 and 8.3 ± 2.2%, respectively. With respect to generally accepted ABC treatment goals, 35.2% of participants had HbA1c <7%; 35.5% had BP < 140/80 mmHg, and 45.1% had LDL‐c < 100 mg/dl. The proportion of patients who met all three targets was only 5.4%. Logistic regression revealed that smoking (P=0.000), higher BMI (P=0.001) and insulin use (P=0.000) were statistically significant predictors of failing to meet ABC targets.ConclusionThe percentage of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes who met recommended targets for HbA1c, BP and LDL‐c in 2010 was low. Smoking, higher BMI and insulin use were the strongest determinants of failing to meet ABC targets. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Bisphosphonates Derived from 1H‐Indazole, 1H‐Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]Pyridine, and 1H‐Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]Quinoline
Authors: Teixeira Fátima C. , Lucas Carla , Curto M. João M. , Teixeira António P. S. , Duarte M. Teresa , André Vânia 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTNovel tetraethyl ethylene‐1,1‐bisphosphonate esters derived from 1H‐indazole, 1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine, and 1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinoline were synthesized by a Michael addition reaction of tetraethyl ethylidene‐1,1‐bisphosphonate with the corresponding heterocycle, using conventional heating and microwave‐assisted methods. The microwave‐assisted method provides shorter reaction times and better yields. The hydrolysis of bisphosphonates afforded the corresponding bisphosphonic acids or salt, using concentrated hydrochloric acid or TMSBr/collidine, respectively. All new compounds were fully characterized, and their structures were assigned using 1H, 31P, and 13C NMR and IR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. The molecular structure of compound 6 was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction studies.
Straightforward Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Tertiary Phosphine Chalcogenides from Secondary Phosphines, Electron‐Rich Alkenes, and Elemental Sulfur or Selenium
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Chernysheva Nataliya A. , Yas'ko Svetlana V. , Gusarova Nina K. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTA series of tertiary phosphine sulfides and selenides have been synthesized in excellent yields (88‐99%) via a three‐component reaction between secondary phosphines, electron‐rich alkenes (styrene, vinyl chalcogenides), and elemental sulfur or selenium, proceeding under solvent‐free conditions (80‐82°C, 4–44 h). The interaction occurs via initial oxidation of secondary phosphines with elemental sulfur or selenium followed by noncatalyzed anti‐Markovnikov addition of the generated R2P(E)H (E = S, Se) species to alkenes to afford the corresponding adducts with high chemo‐ and regioselectivity.
Application of Evolutionary Neural Networks on Optimization Design of Mobile Phone Based on User's Emotional Needs
Authors: Guo Fu , Qu Qing‐Xing , Chen Peng , Ding Yi , Liu Wei Lin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTaking users’ emotional needs into consideration, this research aims to propose a new method to present product design features exactly and completely. On the basis of genetic algorithm integrated with back‐propagation (BP) neural networks, taking the mobile phone as research object, an optimization design algorithm was finally designed. First, the continuous and discrete design variables that describe mobile phones were screened with methods of dimensions, coordinate label, and morphological analysis. Forty three‐dimensional (3D) mobile phone models were designed by using 3D design software PROE. Accordingly, 12 representative mobile phones were selected through multidimensional scaling analysis and cluster analysis. Fourteen pairwise Kansei image words were obtained by collecting, screening, surveys, and statistical analysis method. Second, a BP neural networks model between design variables and user preference along with Kansei image words was established and verified with questionnaire survey data. Finally, the optimization design model for mobile phones was established considering design requirements and users’ emotional needs. A genetic algorithm integrated with BP neural networks was used to optimize mobile phone design. The results show that the optimization scheme is superior to others, and this paper will provide design suggestion for mobile phone designers.