bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memory‐Related Hippocampal Activity Can Be Measured Robustly Using fMRI at 7 Tesla
Authors: Theysohn Nina , Qin Shaozheng , Maderwald Stefan , Poser Benedikt A. , Theysohn Jens M. , Ladd Mark E. , Norris David G. , Gizewski Elke R. , Fernandez Guillen , Tendolkar Indira 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTHigh field strength functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has developed rapidly. However, it suffers from increased artifacts in brain regions such as the medial temporal lobe (MTL), challenging functional imaging of the hippocampus with the objective of high‐spatial resolution, which is particularly useful for this region both from a clinical and cognitive neuroscience perspective. We set out to compare a BOLD sequence at 7 T versus 3 T to visualize the MTL activity during an associative memory‐encoding task. Twenty‐eight healthy volunteers underwent a blocked‐design fMRI at either 3 T or 7 T while performing a face‐profession associative memory encoding task. Qualitative analyses of overall image quality revealed that functional images at 7 T were of high quality, showing a good white/gray matter contrast, with reasonably acceptable signal dropouts and artifacts at the lower portion of the temporal lobe. Analyses of task‐related fMRI data revealed robust activations in the bilateral MTL during associative memory encoding at both field strengths. Notably, we observed significantly stronger memory‐related hippocampal activation at 7 T than at 3 T, suggesting higher BOLD sensitivity at 7 T. These results are discussed in the light of the feasibility of 7 T scanning protocols for the MTL.
Systematic review of duration and choice of systemic antibiotic therapy for acute haematogenous bacterial osteomyelitis in children
Authors: Howard‐Jones Annaleise R , Isaacs David 
Published: June 2013

AimHistorically, children with acute osteomyelitis received 4–6 weeks of parenteral antibiotics; however, evidence to guide optimal duration of therapy is limited. This study aims to summarise the available evidence on the duration and choice of antimicrobial therapy for acute haematogenous osteomyelitis in children.MethodsWe systematically reviewed the literature on children with acute osteomyelitis to determine if shorter durations of antibiotic treatment compared with protracted treatment gave different cure rates. We also analysed studies for choice of antibiotics to determine differences in success rates. Randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case‐control studies and case series were eligible for inclusion.ResultsWe identified six randomised controlled trials, three of which addressed duration of antibiotic use and three choice of antibiotic for acute osteomyelitis in children. We found 28 observational studies, 20 of which focused on duration and 22 of which allowed analysis of choice of antibiotic. A range of therapy durations and types of antibiotics were assessed. Only one small study looked at treatment of neonates.ConclusionsThe quality of evidence on antibiotic treatment for acute osteomyelitis is limited, allowing only weak (GRADE 2B) recommendations. Our review suggests that early transition from intravenous to oral therapy, after 3–4 days in patients responding well, followed by oral therapy to a total of 3 weeks may be as effective as longer courses for uncomplicated acute osteomyelitis. This recommendation does not apply to neonates.
Studies of face perception in humans using magneto‐ and electro‐encephalography
Authors: Miki Kensaku , Kakigi Ryusuke 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article summarizes the results of magneto‐ and electroencephalographic studies on face perception as follows: (a) The perception of movement of facial parts is probably processed in the same manner, different from motion in general; (b) There is specific information processing for eye movements in the occipitotemporal area and this activity is significantly influenced by whether movements appear with the contour and/or features of the face; (c) The activity in the right fusiform area is more affected by the inversion of facial features while that in the left fusiform area is more affected by the disruption of the spatial relation between the contour and features in static face perception, and the activity in the right occipitotemporal area is affected by the inversion of the facial contour in dynamic face perception; and (d) The areas of the brain involved in perceiving changes in facial emotion have not matured by 14 years of age.
Face recognition in infants: A review of behavioral and near‐infrared spectroscopic studies
Authors: Otsuka Yumiko 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRecent developmental studies investigating face recognition ability in infants’ have provided evidence not only that infants show selective attention to faces, but also that they can discriminate between faces from birth, and that biases in face processing such as the face inversion and other race effects exist even in infancy. Studies measuring the hemodynamic responses to facial images in the infants’ brain using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have also reported differential cortical activity in response to face and nonface images in infants. This paper will review recent findings on infants face recognition provided by both behavioral studies and neuroimaging studies using NIRS. These converging lines of evidence point to the early onset of face recognition ability in infancy.
Infants’ recognition of subtle anger facial expression
Authors: Ichikawa Hiroko , Yamaguchi Masami K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractInfants’ recognition of facial expressions develops during postnatal life. Previous studies have showed that infants learned to discriminate the facial expression of basic emotions such as happy or angry expressions by approximately 7 months of age. Although infants’ recognition of intense expressions has been demonstrated, their recognition of subtle expressions is unclear. The present study examined whether 6‐ to 7‐month‐old infants recognize the subtle anger expression. We presented the subtle expressions either as static or as dynamic displays. In static presentations, infants recognized the subtle anger expression. This result suggests that the infants have high sensitivity to angry expressions which signal a dangerous situation. In dynamic presentations, infants did not recognize the subtle anger expression. Infants around this age rarely see the dynamic anger expression in their daily lives. Their limited experience with dynamic expressions of anger might make it hard to recognize a dynamic subtle expression. Infants could learn to utilize facial motions in the development of recognition of facial expressions.
Can we predict sleep‐disordered breathing in pregnancy? The clinical utility of symptoms
Authors: Wilson Danielle L. , Walker Susan P. , Fung Alison M. , O'Donoghue Fergal , Barnes Maree , Howard Mark 
Published: June 2013

SummarySleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) is reported commonly during pregnancy and is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, but the majority of these data are based upon self‐report measures not validated for pregnancy. This study examined the predictive value of screening questionnaires for SDB administered at two time‐points in pregnancy, and attempted to develop an ‘optimized predictive model’ for detecting SDB in pregnancy. A total of 380 women were recruited from an antenatal clinic in the second trimester of pregnancy. All participants completed the Berlin Questionnaire and the Multivariable Apnea Risk Index (MAP Index) at recruitment, with a subset of 43 women repeating the questionnaires at the time of polysomnography at 37 weeks' gestation. Fifteen of 43 (35%) women were confirmed to have a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) > 5 h−1. Prediction of an RDI > 5 h−1 was most accurate during the second trimester for both the Berlin Questionnaire (sensitivity 0.93, specificity 0.50, positive predictive value 0.50 and negative predictive value 0.93), and the MAP Index [area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.768]. A stepwise selection model identified snoring volume, a body mass index (BMI)≥32 kg m−2 and tiredness upon awakening as the strongest independent predictors of SDB during pregnancy; this model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.952. We conclude that existing clinical prediction models for SDB perform inadequately as a screening tool in pregnancy. The development of a highly predictive model from our data shows promise for a quick and easy screening tool to be validated for future use in pregnancy.
All‐oral, interferon‐free treatment for chronic hepatitis C: cost‐effectiveness analyses
Authors: Hagan L. M. , Yang Z. , Ehteshami M. , Schinazi R. F. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryInterferon‐based standard of care treatments (SOC) for chronic hepatitis C are unable to provide high cure rates in certain subgroups of the infected population and can cause debilitating side effects. Clinical trials evaluating all‐oral, interferon‐free treatments have demonstrated high rates of sustained virologic response with no resistance or major adverse events in most populations. As these drug regimens move towards FDA approval, it will be important to assess their cost‐effectiveness in addition to their clinical efficacy. A decision‐analytic Markov model with a lifetime, societal perspective was used to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of a generalized all‐oral drug regimen compared to SOC by modelling the progression of a 50‐year‐old, HCV‐positive cohort through disease natural history and treatment. In base case analysis, all‐oral treatment dominated SOC across a range of willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) thresholds with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$44 514/quality‐adjusted life year (QALY). In sensitivity analyses, the model was sensitive to all‐oral drug costs as well as rates of SVR and treatment uptake among noncirrhotic subjects, but robust to variations in all other parameters. All‐oral treatment was most cost‐effective among genotype 1 subjects but remained cost‐effective for genotypes 2 and 3 at WTP thresholds ≥$80 000/QALY. Quality‐adjusted life years gained per dollar spent were maximized in younger treatment cohorts. Using this model, the degree of cost‐effectiveness depended on the WTP threshold and the final cost set for approved drug combinations.
Effect of Dietary n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids on Growth, Body Composition and Fatty Acid Profiles of Juvenile Black Seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli (Bleeker)
Authors: Ma Jingjing , Shao Qingjun , Xu Zirong , Zhou Fan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 HUFA) on growth, body composition, and fatty acid profiles of juvenile Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Three replicate groups of fish (initial mean weight: 8.08 ± 0.09 g, mean ± SD) were fed diets with different levels of n‐3 HUFA (0.76%, HUFA0.76; 0.83%, HUFA0.83; 0.90%, HUFA0.90; 0.97%, HUFA0.97; 1.04%, HUFA1.04; 1.12%, HUFA1.12) at 12.9% of total lipid, with a constant eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) ratio of about 2.1. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) and intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio were all linearly depressed by dietary n‐3 HUFA levels (P < 0.05), and condition factor (CF) was not affected. Adipocyte diameter in IPF decreased with the elevation of dietary n‐3 HUFA and significance occurred between group HUFA0.90 and HUFA1.12. Lipid content in dorsal muscle was significantly lowered by dietary n‐3 HUFA compared to fish fed diet HUFA0.76. No significance was found in whole fish proximate composition. In liver, dorsal muscle and IPF, ∑SFA, 16:0 or ∑n‐3 HUFA were all positively correlated with dietary n‐3 HUFA, while DHA to EPA ratios remained constant in 2.68, 2.86, and 3.60, respectively. Fatty acid synthase (FAS, EC 2.3.1.85) activities of all treatments remained constant at first and then were significantly elevated by dietary n‐3 HUFA higher than 0.97% (P < 0.05). In contrast, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL, EC 3.1.1.3) changed following an opposite tendency. Quadratic analysis based on weight gain rate (WGR) indicated that dietary n‐3 HUFA requirement for juvenile black seabream was 0.94% of the diet in 12.9% lipid diets.
Reciprocal Hybrids among Diploid, Tetraploid Dojo Loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, and Large‐scale Loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus: Fertilization, Survival and Growth Performance
Authors: Cui Lei , Fang Li‐Bao , Yu Yong‐Yao , Wang Wei‐Min , Zhou Xiao‐Yun , Abbas Khalid 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTo determine the genotype with better traits for aquaculture practices of the loach, factorial crosses were made among diploid (D), tetraploid (T) dojo loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, and large‐scale loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus (P), producing DD, DT, DP, TD, TT, TP, PD, PT, and PP genotypes (female listed first). The growth performance and survival of different genotypes in culture were evaluated through a 48‐wk rearing trail. The average fertilization rate in genotypes with P. dabryanus as female parental was significantly higher than those of M. anguillicaudatus as female parental. The average fertilization level of sperm from P. dabryanus was about the same as diploid M. anguillicaudatus but significantly higher than tetraploid M. anguillicaudatus. The highest survival rate was found in DD group (52.77%) and PP group (50.31%) (P > 0.05). The intergenetic crosses between P. dabryanus and M. anguillicaudatus, especially for PD (19.05%), DP (17.89%), and PT (15.44%) groups, exhibited poor survival rates. Under the similar rearing conditions, PP group showed significant growth advantage. Growth rates of the interspecific hybrid progenies were found to be intermediate in comparison with the parental species. According to these results, the PP genotype is more suitable for aquaculture practice.
The Effects of Different Feed Enrichments on Survivorship and Growth of Early Juvenile Longsnout Seahorse, Hippocampus reidi
Authors: Pham Nancy Kim , Lin Junda 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCulturing the longsnout seahorse, Hippocampus reidi, remains challenging because unlike most cultured seahorse species, Artemia is not an optimal first feed. Ideally, more nutritious live feeds such as wild plankton or copepods should be used, but are not always readily available. Therefore, facilities commonly utilize enriched rotifers. Numerous feed enrichment products exist, including Dan's Feed Artemia Enrichment®, (Dan's Feed) which is a blend of commercially available enrichment products. The aim of this study was to assess the survivorship, growth, and condition factor (CF) of 0–28  DPR (days post release) H. reidi fed with rotifers and Artemia enriched with Dan's Feed. This enrichment was evaluated against (1) rotifers and Artemia enriched with live alga (Isochrysis galbana), and (2) wild plankton and Artemia enriched with Dan's Feed. At 28 DPR, in terms of survivorship and growth, seahorses fed with rotifers and Artemia enriched with Dan's Feed had a lower CF and outperformed those fed rotifers and Artemia enriched with I. galbana. Seahorses fed with rotifers and Artemia enriched with Dan's Feed performed on par with those fed with wild plankton and Artemia with no significant difference in CF. These findings demonstrated that the culture of H. reidi may be feasible with rotifers and Artemia enriched with Dan's Feed.
The Biochemistry of Sabella spallanzanii (Annelida: Polychaeta): A Potential Resource for the Fish Feed Industry
Authors: Stabili L. , Sicuro B. , Daprà F. , Gai F. , Abete C. , Dibenedetto A. , Pastore C. , Schirosi R. , Giangrande A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTTo prevent over‐exploitation of global fish stocks by the aquaculture industry, interest is growing in the identification of nontraditional species with potential value as fish feed. In this study, we investigated the biochemical composition of the polychaete Sabella spallanzanii. Its elemental composition, gross protein and proximate composition, amino acid composition, total lipid and fatty acid content, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and the extent of polychlorinated biphenyl contamination were determined over an annual cycle. Sabella spallanzanii showed particularly high gross protein (54.8 ± 5.8%) and gross energy (4.89 ± 0.5 kcal/g) content. All samples had high concentrations of Na, K, Ca, and Cl. Saturated fatty acids were higher than monounsaturated and polyunsaturated ones. A low ω‐6/ω‐3 ratio (1.7) was recorded. Our results suggest that S. spallanzanii can be used as a dietary supplement for farmed fish. The high concentrations of certain amino acids that improve potential palatability for many farmed fish species suggest that S. spallanzanii extracts can be used in artificial fish diets as an attractant. A further original aspect highlighted by this study is the high concentration of GAGs, which are useful in pet nutrition and also in the nourishment of farmed fish with a partially cartilaginous skeleton.
Application of Computer‐assisted Sperm Analysis in Selecting the Suitable Solution for Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio L., Sperm Motility
Authors: Cejko Beata Irena , Sarosiek Beata , Kowalski Radosław Kajetan , Krejszeff Sławomir , Kucharczyk Dariusz 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., sperm motility parameters were analyzed by using computer‐assisted sperm analysis system. The percentage of motile sperm (MOT, %), progressively motile sperm (PRG, %), curvilinear velocity (VCL, µm/sec), average path velocity (VAP, µm/sec), the wobbling index (WOB, %), movement linearity (LIN, %), beat cross frequency (BCF, Hz), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, µm) were determined. Five activation solutions (As) were used to activate sperm movement. As 1 solution: 68 mM NaCl, 50 mM urea, 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), pH: 7.7, 181 mOsm/kg; As 2 buffer: 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris, 0.5% BSA, pH: 9.0, 199 mOsm/kg; As 3 solution: 86 mM NaCl, 0.5% BSA, pH: 7.4, 167 mOsm/kg; As 4 buffer: 5 mM KCl, 45 mM NaCl, 30 mM Tris, 0.5%, pH: 8.0, 160 mOsm/kg; and As 5 solution: distilled water with the addition of 0.5% BSA, pH: 7.3, <3 mOsm/kg. Among five tested solutions, a buffer with a pH of 9.0 and osmolality of approximately 200 mOsm/kg (As 2) was the most suitable. After its activation, a significant increase in MOT and ALH values was observed, which can be of importance to the effectiveness of egg fertilization.
Dietary Arginine Requirement of Fingerling Indian Major Carp, Catla catla (Hamilton)
Authors: Zehra Seemab , Khan Mukhtar A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDietary arginine requirement of fingerling Catla catla (3.55 ± 0.05 cm; 0.61 ± 0.02 g) was determined by feeding casein–gelatin‐based isonitrogenous (33% crude protein) and isocaloric (3.40 kcal/g digestible energy) amino acid test diets containing six graded levels of l‐arginine (1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, and 2.25% dry diet) for 12 wk. Maximum absolute weight gain (6.93 g/fish), protein efficiency ratio (2.13), protein deposition (0.36), arginine retention efficiency (78%), and best feed conversion ratio (1.42) were recorded in fish fed 1.75% arginine of the dry diet. Maximum carcass protein (15.57%) and RNA/DNA ratio (4.79) were also recorded for the group fed 1.75% arginine of the dry diet. Quadratic regression analysis at 95% maximum or minimum response of above growth parameters yielded optimum arginine requirement of fingerling C. catla at 1.67% of the dry diet. On the basis of the above analysis of the growth parameters, it is recommended that the inclusion of dietary arginine at 1.67% of the dry diet is optimum for formulating arginine‐balanced, cost‐effective quality feeds for the mass culture of fingerling C. catla.
The association of distress and denial of responsibility with maladaptive personality traits and self‐esteem in offenders
Authors: Xuereb Sharon , Ireland Jane L. , Archer John , Davies Michelle 
Published: June 2013

This study aimed to examine the relationship of offenders' distress and responsibility with maladaptive personality traits, self‐esteem, and offence‐type. It also further validated the Distress and Responsibility Scale (DRS; Xuereb et al., 2009a, Pers. Individ. Diff., 46, 465). A new sub‐scale measuring social desirability was included and assessed in the DRS. Maladaptive personality traits and self‐esteem were measured in relation to the following predictions: (1) that maladaptive personality traits would positively correlate with distress (2) that self‐esteem would negatively correlate with distress and acknowledging responsibility. The sample was 405 male sexual, violent, and general offenders from a UK prison. Participants anonymously completed a questionnaire measuring the variables under investigation. The factor‐structure of the DRS was confirmed via Confirmatory Factor Analysis after minor changes. No significant differences in distress and denial of responsibility were found between sexual, violent, and general offenders. Maladaptive personality traits positively correlated with chronic and offence‐related distress, chronic self‐blame, and minimization of offence harm. Chronic and offence‐related distress and responsibility negatively related to self‐esteem. The study concludes that the DRS has reached stability, and that the social desirability scale increases the measure's validity. Assessment and treatment for offence‐related distress and denial of responsibility should be offered to all offence groups. Offenders would benefit from structured interventions to manage difficulties associated with maladaptive personality traits, including chronic distress and self‐blame. Finally, it was concluded that self‐esteem might serve a self‐defensive function for offenders.
Clasts in theCM2 carbonaceous chondrite Lonewolf Nunataks 94101: Evidence for aqueous alteration prior to complex mixing
Authors: Lindgren Paula , Lee Martin R. , Sofe Mahmood R. , Zolensky Michael E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractClasts in theCM2 carbonaceous chondrite Lonewolf Nunataks (LON) 94101 have been characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis to determine their degrees of aqueous alteration, and the timing of alteration relative to incorporation of clasts into the host. The provenance of the clasts, and the mechanism by which they were incorporated and mixed with their host material are also considered. Results show that at least five distinct types of clasts occur inLON94101, of which four have been aqueously altered to various degrees and one is largely anhydrous. The fact that they have had different alteration histories implies that the main part of aqueous activity occurred prior to the mixing and assimilation of the clasts with their host. Further, the presence of such a variety of clasts suggests complex mixing in a dynamic environment involving material from various sources. Two of the clasts, one containing approximately 46 vol% carbonate and the other featuring crystals of pyrrhotite up to approximately 1 mm in size, are examples of unusual lithologies and indicate concentration of chemical elements in discrete areas of the parent body(ies), possibly by flow of aqueous solutions.