bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking organisational citizenship and innovation: a servant leadership approach for psychological empowerment
Authors: Kamil Nurul Liyana Mohd , Abukhalifa Anas Mahmoud Salem , Eliyana Anis , Pratama Andika Setia 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThe study sought to investigate how servant leadership affects employees' organisational citizenship and innovative behaviour by emphasising the mediation role of psychological empowerment. Relying on social exchange and self-determination theories, the present research examined the associations between these key elements in organisational dynamics.Design/methodology/approachTwo waves of data were obtained from 325 supervisor-subordinate dyads working for 15 nonprofit organisations.FindingsThe results uncovered a significant and positive connection between leaders with a strong servant mindset and employees' organisational citizenship and innovative behaviour. Psychological empowerment was found to serve as a mediator in the anticipated correlations. Cultivating leaders with an enduring servant attitude was found to significantly boost employees' organisational citizenship and innovation, supported by improved psychological empowerment.Originality/valueThis study is distinctive as it fills a gap in research on the relationships between servant leadership, psychological empowerment and work outcomes in the global nonprofit sector, particularly in the Eastern context. This disposition, when given the opportunity, will contribute to strengthening working productivity.
Capturing the care of complex community‐based health center patients: A comparison of multimorbidity indices and clinical classification software
Authors: Navale Suparna M. , Koroukian Siran , Cook Nicole , Templeton Anna , McGrath Brenda M. , Crocker Laura , Bensken Wyatt P. , Quiñones Ana R. , Schiltz Nicholas K. , Wei Melissa Y. , Stange Kurt C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare morbidity burden captured from multimorbidity indices and aggregated measures of clinically meaningful categories captured in primary care community‐based health center (CBHC) patients.Data Sources and Study SettingElectronic health records of patients seen in 2019 in OCHIN's national network of CBHCs serving patients in rural and underserved communities.Study DesignAge‐stratified analyses comparing the most common conditions captured by the Charlson, Elixhauser, and Multimorbidity Weighted (MWI) indices, and Classification Software Refined (CCSR) and Chronic Condition Indicator (CCI) algorithms.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsActive ICD‐10 conditions on patients' problem list in 2019.Principal FindingsApproximately 35%–56% of patients with at least one condition are not captured by the Charlson, Elixhauser, and MWI indices. When stratified by age, this range broadens to 9%–90% with higher percentages in younger patients. The CCSR and CCI reflect a broader range of acute and chronic conditions prevalent among CBHC patients.ConclusionThree commonly used indices to capture morbidity burden reflect conditions most prevalent among older adults, but do not capture those on problem lists for younger CBHC patients. An index with an expanded range of care conditions is needed to understand the complex care provided to primary care populations across the lifespan.
Modeling aging and retinal degeneration with mitochondrial DNA mutation burden
Authors: Sturgis John , Singh Rupesh , Caron Quinn R. , Samuels Ivy S. , Shiju Thomas Micheal , Mukkara Aditi , Freedman Paul , Bonilha Vera L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSomatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation accumulation has been observed in individuals with retinal degenerative disorders. To study the effects of aging and mtDNA mutation accumulation in the retina, a polymerase gamma (POLG) exonuclease‐deficient model, the PolgD257A mutator mice (D257A), was used. POLG is an enzyme responsible for regulating mtDNA replication and repair. Retinas of young and older mice with this mutation were analyzed in vivo and ex vivo to provide new insights into the contribution of age‐related mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction due to mtDNA damage. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) image analysis revealed a decrease in retinal and photoreceptor thickness starting at 6 months of age in mice with the D257A mutation compared to wild‐type (WT) mice. Electroretinography (ERG) testing showed a significant decrease in all recorded responses at 6 months of age. Sections labeled with markers of different types of retinal cells, including cones, rods, and bipolar cells, exhibited decreased labeling starting at 6 months. However, electron microscopy analysis revealed differences in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) mt morphology beginning at 3 months. Interestingly, there was no increase in oxidative stress and parkin‐mediated mitophagy in the ages analyzed in the retina or RPE of D257A mice. Additionally, D257A RPE exhibited an accelerated rate of autofluorescence cytoplasmic granule formation and accumulation. Mt markers displayed different abundance in protein lysates obtained from retina and RPE samples. These findings suggest that the accumulation of mtDNA mutations leads to impaired mt function and accelerated aging, resulting in retinal degeneration.
Exact samples sizes for clinical trials subject to size and power constraints
Authors: Lloyd Chris J. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThis paper first describes the difficulties in providing the required sample sizes for clinical trials that guarantee type 1 and type 2 error control. The required sample sizes obviously depend on the test employed, and in this study we use the so‐called E‐test, which is known to have extremely favourable size properties and higher power than alternatives. To compute exact powers for this test in real time is not currently feasible, so a corpus of pre‐computed exact powers (and sizes) was created, covering sample sizes up to 500. When there are no solutions within the corpus, a novel extrapolation technique is used. Exact size can be computed after the sample sizes have been extracted; however, for the E‐test the exact size is virtually always very close to the nominal target. All the code has been converted into an R‐package, which is available on CRAN and illustrated.
Variant genital gender‐affirming surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Claeys Wietse , Wolff Dylan T. , Zachou Alexandra , Hoebeke Piet , Lumen Nicolaas , Spinoit Anne‐Françoise 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo review the available literature on variant genital gender‐affirming surgery (GGAS), including the reasons for performing it, the surgeries themselves and their outcomes.MethodsA systematic review on the performance of variant GGAS was conducted (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] identifier: CRD42022306684) researching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases from inception up to 31 December 2023. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and risk of bias was assessed for each study using the five‐criteria quality assessment checklist.ResultsIn total 23 case series were included, of which 17 on masculinising and six on feminising surgeries. Patients mainly choose these surgical procedures out of personal desire to avoid risk of complication or because they do not have dysphoria about certain parts of their genitalia. Complications in masculinising surgeries primarily arose from the extended urethra, which could be mitigated through primary perineal urethrostomy. Both phalloplasty and metoidioplasty carried a higher risk of urethral complications when the vagina was preserved. In feminising surgeries, risk of visceral damage and requirement for lifelong self‐dilation could be avoided when vulvoplasty was performed without vaginal canal creation. All studies had a high risk of bias.ConclusionThis review highlights the importance of variant GGAS and acknowledges the preferences of transgender and gender‐diverse individuals. Patients should be informed about the risks and benefits of each step in these procedures.
Varying the intensity of cystoscopic surveillance for high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Su Zhuo Tony , Florissi Isabella S. , Mahon Katherine M. , Li Taibo , Rezaee Michael E. , Singla Nirmish , Patel Sunil H. , Townsend Jeffrey P. , Kates Max R. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo compare the clinical, economic, and health utility outcomes associated with alternative cystoscopic surveillance regimens for high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (HRNMIBC).Patients and MethodsWe performed real‐world clinical data‐driven microsimulations of a hypothetical cohort of 100 000 patients diagnosed with HRNMIBC at age 70 years. The cohort was simulated to undergo alternative surveillance regimens recommended by five guidelines, and two hypothetical regimens—surveillance intensity escalation and de‐escalation—which had a surveillance intensity moderately higher and lower, respectively, than the guideline‐recommended regimens. We evaluated the 10‐year cumulative incidence of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), and cost‐effectiveness from a United States healthcare payer perspective.ResultsThe guideline‐recommended surveillance regimens led to an estimated 10‐year cumulative incidence of MIBC ranging from 11.0% to 11.6%, CSS 95.0% to 95.2%, and OS 69.7% to 69.8%. Surveillance intensity escalation resulted in a 10‐year cumulative incidence of MIBC of 10.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.3–10.7%), CSS of 95.4% (95% CI 95.2–95.5%), and OS of 69.9% (95% CI 69.6–70.1%), vs 11.9% (95% CI 11.7–12.1%), 94.9% (95% CI 94.8–95.1%), and 69.6% (95% CI 69.3–69.9%), respectively, from surveillance intensity de‐escalation. By increasing surveillance intensity, the number‐needed‐to‐treat to prevent one additional MIBC progression over 10 years was ≥80, and ≥257 to avoid one additional cancer‐related mortality. Compared to surveillance intensity de‐escalation, higher‐intensity regimens incurred an incremental cost of ≥$336 000 per incremental quality‐adjusted life year gained, which well exceeded conventional willingness‐to‐pay thresholds, ≥$686 000 per additional MIBC progression prevented, and ≥$2.2 million per additional cancer‐related mortality avoided.ConclusionIn microsimulations testing a wide range of cystoscopic surveillance intensity for patients newly diagnosed with HRNMIBC, moderate surveillance de‐escalation appears associated with an insignificant change in 10‐year OS and furthermore is cost‐effective vs higher‐intensity surveillance regimens. These results suggest that moderate surveillance de‐escalation can reduce costs of care without compromising life expectancy for many patients.
The Perceptions of Polish Professional Foster Carers and Social Workers Toward Parents With Intellectual Disabilities and Their Role in Family Reintegration Efforts
Authors: Basiaga Jan P. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis research explored Polish professionals' perceptions of parents with intellectual disabilities and the former's efforts for the latter's reintegration. Semistructured interviews were conducted with two groups: professional social workers (n = 22) and professional foster parents (n = 29). The interview questionnaire comprised questions addressing the professionals' perceptions of parents with disabilities in specific areas of the support process. Data for professionals who clearly exhibited stereotypical beliefs toward intellectual disabilities were excluded. We observed that in the interviews, respondents attempted to provide a credible representation of their own perceptions of parents with intellectual disabilities in the selected areas. Notably, Polish professionals did not consider the special needs and functioning conditions of people with intellectual disabilities. Professionals' statements mainly focused on the parents' weaknesses, effectively diminishing the possibility of a realistic assessment of their strengths and family unification.
Low‐gainer diet‐induced obese microbiota transplanted mice exhibit increased fighting
Authors: Junker Mentzel Caroline M. , Hui Yan , Hammerich Tanja Maria Stentoft , Klug‐Dambmann Malene , Liu Yi , Zachariassen Line Fisker , Hansen Lars Hestbjerg , Aslampaloglou Antonios , Kiersgaard Maria , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Hansen Axel Kornerup , Krych Lukasz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWeight gain variation is a great challenge in diet‐induced obesity studies since low‐gainer animals are of limited experimental value. The inbred C57BL/6 (B6) mice are frequently used models due to their genetic homogeneity and susceptibility to diet‐induced obesity (DIO). The aim of this study is to investigate if the gut microbiota (GM) influences the fraction of low weight gainers in DIO studies. A total of 100 male B6 mice (donor population) were fed a high‐fat diet for 14 weeks and divided into the study groups high gainer (HG) and low gainer (LG) based on their weight gain. Subsequently, fecal matter transplantation (FMT) was done on germ‐free B6 mice with GM from HG and LG donors (FMT population). LG (13.35 ± 2.5 g) and HG (25.52 ± 2.0 g) animals were identified by the weight gain from week 1 to week 12. Interestingly, the start weight of the LG (20.36 ± 1.4 g) and HG (21.59 ± 0.7 g) groups differed significantly. Transplanting LG or HG fecal matter to germ‐free mice resulted in significant differences in weight gain between HG and LG, as well as differences in serum leptin levels and epididymal fat pad weight. A clear LG‐specific GM composition could not be distinguished by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Surprisingly, significantly more fighting was recorded in LG groups of both donor populations and when transplanted to germ‐free mice. The HG and LG phenotypes could be transferred to germ‐free mice. The increased fighting in the LG group in both studies suggests not only that the tendency to fight can be transferred by FMT in these mice, but also that fighting should be prevented in DIO studies to minimize the number of LG animals.
The prognostic role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in obesity
Authors: Borghi‐Silva Audrey , Vainshelboim Baruch , da Luz Goulart Cássia , Arena Ross , Myers Jonathan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimPoor cardiorespiratory fitness has been suggested to increase the risk of chronic diseases in obesity. We investigated the ability of key variables from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to predict all‐cause mortality in an obese cohort.MethodsThe sample included 469 participants of both sexes (mean age 40 ± 13 years) who underwent a CPET for clinical reasons between 1 March 2009 and 1 December 2023. All‐cause mortality was the prognostic endpoint. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to establish optimal cut‐points for CPET variables. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to determine the association between CPET variables and all‐cause mortality.ResultsThere were 46 deaths during a mean follow‐up period of 69 ± 48 months, resulting in an annual mortality rate of 2%. Despite the sample being made up of mostly women (70%), there were more deaths in men (18 vs. 6%, p < 0.001).The optimal thresholds for discrimination of survival were as follows: (a) peak oxygen uptake (pVO2) ≤16 mL/kg/min; (b) minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) slope ≥31; (c) ventilatory power ≤5.8 mmHg; and (d) circulatory power ≤2980 mmHg/mL O2/min. Kaplan–Meier survival plots revealed a significant positive association between lower pVO2, circulatory power and ventilatory power values and survival (log‐rank, p < 0.001) and higher mortality for men than women. Adjusted Cox regression models showed that a pVO2 ≤16 mL/kg/min had a 20‐fold higher risk of mortality when compared with >16 mL/kg/min.ConclusionGiven the strong association of VO2, ventilatory efficiency, circulatory and ventilatory power with all‐cause mortality, our findings support the notion that poorer cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with obesity.
Do Non‐Clinical Services Help to Improve Functional Outcomes Among Young Adults With Mental Disorders? A Systematic Review
Authors: Gossip Kate , John Julie , Comben Charlotte , Erskine Holly E. , Scott James G. , Diminic Sandra 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionMental disorders during young adulthood can significantly impair functioning in daily activities. Non‐clinical support services aim to improve functioning by helping people to build social and life skills, participate in education and employment and improve physical health. This study aims to examine and synthesise the evidence for non‐clinical services on improving functional outcomes for young adults with mental disorders.MethodsA systematic search was undertaken to identify quantitative and qualitative studies reporting on a non‐clinical service component (vocational support, peer support, youth development, lifestyle interventions, family and network support) and examining functional outcomes (e.g., outcomes focussed on work and education, life skills, relationships and healthy behaviours).ResultsSeventeen studies met inclusion criteria. Identified studies focussed on vocational support services (n = 9), lifestyle interventions (n = 6) and family and network support services (n = 2). No studies on peer‐support services or youth development services were found. More than half of the vocational support service studies reported increased employment rates among young adults (n = 6). Studies focussing on lifestyle interventions included a combination of physical activity, nutrition education, health coaching and motivation and behaviour change. However, the measures of functioning used across studies were too varied to determine whether lifestyle interventions may be useful in improving functional outcomes for young adults.ConclusionFurther research is needed to understand the impact of non‐clinical services on functioning. This evidence will provide pragmatic guidance for service planners to invest in supports and interventions that make a meaningful difference to the lives of young adults living with mental disorders.
Timing of interventions to control neuronal chloride elevation in a model of neonatal seizures after hippocampal injury
Authors: Dzhala Volodymyr I. , Mail Michelle , Staley Kevin J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveFollowing hypoxic–ischemic (HI) brain injury, neuronal cytoplasmic chloride concentration ([Cl−]i) increases, potentially contributing to depolarizing γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) responses, onset of seizures, and the failure of antiepileptic drugs that target inhibitory chloride‐permeable GABAA receptors. Post‐HI seizures characteristically begin hours after injury, by which time substantial accumulation of [Cl−]i may have already occurred. In immature neurons, a major pathway for Cl− influx is the reversible Na+‐K+‐2Cl− cotransporter NKCC1.MethodsSpontaneous neuronal network, neuronal [Cl−]i, and GABA activity were determined in hippocampal preparations from neonatal Clomeleon and SuperClomeleon/DLX‐cre mice to test whether blocking NKCC1 earlier after oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) injury would more effectively ameliorate the increase in [Cl−]i, ictallike epileptiform discharges (ILDs), and the failure of the GABAergic anticonvulsant phenobarbital.ResultsIn vitro, murine intact hippocampi were free of ILDs for 12 h after preparation. Transient OGD resulted in a gradual increase in [Cl−]i, depolarizing action of GABA, and facilitation of neuronal network activity. Spontaneous ILDs began 3–5 h after injury. Blocking NKCC1 with 2–10 μmol·L−1 bumetanide reduced [Cl−]i equally well when applied up to 10 h after injury. Whereas phenobarbital or bumetanide applied separately were less effective when applied later after injury, ILDs were successfully suppressed by the combination of phenobarbital and bumetanide regardless of the number of prior ILDs or delay in application.SignificanceThe present age‐specific group studies demonstrate that after OGD, NKCC1 transport activity significantly contributes to progressive [Cl−]i accumulation, depolarizing action of GABA, and delayed onset of ILDs. In this neonatal model of neuronal injury and ILDs, earlier treatment with bumetanide alone more efficiently recovered control baseline [Cl−]i and depressed epileptiform discharges. However, there was no time dependency to the anti‐ictal efficacy of the combination of phenobarbital and bumetanide. These in vitro results suggest that after perinatal injury, early pre‐emptive treatment with phenobarbital plus bumetanide would be as efficacious as late treatment after seizures are manifest.
Effects of weaning‐related stress on the emotional health of horses—A scoping review
Authors: Dwyer Joanne , Roshier Amanda L. , Campbell Madeleine , Hill Bradley , Freeman Sarah L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundWeaning represents one of the most stressful events in the life of a horse, and may have long‐term impacts on behaviour. There are a range of approaches used to wean foals from mares, including abrupt and progressive separation methods. There is currently a lack of consensus on how stress and impact are measured.ObjectivesTo conduct a scoping review to identify and chart measures of weaning‐related stress on the mare and foal.Study designScoping review.MethodsThe scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Systematic searches were conducted in three scientific databases (CAB abstracts, Medline and Embase). The title, abstract and full text of retrieved studies were reviewed against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Publications that remained after full text review were analysed. Data on study design, population characteristics, weaning method and health and behavioural outcomes were extracted and charted.ResultsA total of 366 publications were identified; 22 were retained for inclusion and charting. Eighteen studies reported behavioural measures, four only reported physiological measures and 12/22 studies used a combination of both. Fifteen studies analysed foal behaviour only (15/22), six analysed foals with their dams and one analysed the mare only. Duration of most studies (19/22) was a maximum of 12 months post weaning; three studies continued measurements until the foal age was 3–4 years old.Main limitationsLimited number of studies available for analysis.ConclusionsThere is significant variation in the current evidence around weaning‐related impacts in the mare and foal. This includes variation in how weaning methods and management of mares and foals are described, and very limited research evaluating long‐term impacts, or the impact on the mare. This scoping review makes recommendations on how to improve the future evidence base.
Influence of pH on thermal stability of mixed dairy and plant protein systems
Authors: Duggan Francesca , Bot Francesca , O'Mahony James A. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe growing global population has increased the protein needs and the combination of animal with plant proteins can be an effective strategy to meet future protein demand. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pH between 6.2 and 7.0 on the thermal stability of a 1:1 mixture of chickpea protein concentrate (CPC) and whey protein isolate (WPI), and their respective control. After heat treatment, CPC:WPI mixture showed an increase in viscosity (from 20.5 mPa.s at pH 7.0 to 110.8 mPa.s at pH 6.2, respectively), and particle size (from 5.7 to 56.5 μm at pH 7.0 and 6.2, respectively). The physical stability of the heat‐treated CPC:WPI mixture decreased, as the sediment increased from 3.3 mm at pH 7.0 to 7.8 mm at pH 6.2. This study highlighted the enhanced thermal stability of CPC:WPI at pHs closer to neutrality and offers valuable insights for the formulation of innovative plant protein‐enriched food.