bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kar5p Is Required for Multiple Functions in Both Inner and Outer Nuclear Envelope Fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rogers Jason V , Rose Mark D 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
During mating in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two haploid nuclei fuse via two sequential membrane fusion steps. SNAREs (i.e., soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) and Prm3p mediate outer nuclear membrane fusion, but the inner membrane fusogen remains unknown. Kar5p is a highly conserved transmembrane protein that localizes adjacent to the spindle pole body (SPB), mediates nuclear envelope fusion, and recruits Prm3p adjacent to the SPB. To separate Kar5p’s functions, we tested localization, Prm3p recruitment, and nuclear fusion efficiency in various kar5 mutants. All domains and the conserved cysteine residues were essential for nuclear fusion. Several kar5 mutant proteins localized properly but did not mediate Prm3p recruitment; other kar5 mutant proteins localized and recruited Prm3p but were nevertheless defective for nuclear fusion, demonstrating additional functions beyond Prm3p recruitment. We identified one Kar5p domain required for SPB localization, which is dependent on the half-bridge protein Mps3p. Electron microscopy revealed a kar5 mutant that arrests with expanded nuclear envelope bridges, suggesting that Kar5p is required after outer nuclear envelope fusion. Finally, a split-GFP assay demonstrated that Kar5p localizes to both the inner and outer nuclear envelope. These insights suggest a mechanism by which Kar5p mediates inner nuclear membrane fusion.
On Jump-Critical Ordered Sets with Jump Number Four
Authors: E.M. Badr  , M.I. Moussa  
Published: December 2014

For an ordered set P and for a linear extension L of P, let s(P,L) stand for the number of ordered pairs (x, y) of elements of P such that y is an immediate successor of x in L but y is not even above x in P. Put s(P) = min {s(P, L): Llinear extension of P}, the jump number of P. Call an ordered set P jump-critical if s(P - {x}) < s(P) for any x ϵ P. We introduce some theorems about the jump-critical ordered sets with jump number four.
TIMP-1 Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with SMAD3 Gene Expression Levels: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ionescu Calin , Braicu Cornelia , Chiorean Roxana , Cojocneanu Petric Roxana , Neagoe Emilian , Pop Laura , Chira Sergiu , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana 
Published: December 2014

Background & Aims: The prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) varies considerably, and there is a compelling need to identify novel biomarkers with prognostic significance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of a panel of six genes (CDH1, SMAD3, TGFβ1, ICAM-1, TIMP-1 and MUC12) in CRC patients.Methods. We evaluated these genes by qRT-PCR in normal and CRC tumor tissue, and correlated the relative gene expression values with clinical, pathological aspects and other biological factors.Results. RNA expression levels of CDH1, SMAD3, TGFβ1, ICAM-1, TIMP-1 and MUC12 were measured by qRT-PCR in a set of 39 tumor samples and non-cancer tissue. Statistically significant increases in expression levels were found for ICAM-1 and TIMP-1 when comparing tumor samples to the non-tumor group.Conclusions. Among the genes which displayed differential expressions between tumor tissue and adjoining normal tissue, the ones that presented statistically significant correlations were TIMP-1 and SMAD3, possibly with prognostic significance.Abbreviations: CDH1: E-cadherin; CRC: colorectal cancer; E-cadherin: CDH1; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; ICAM-1: Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1; MMPs: matrix metalloproteinases; MUC12: Mucin 12, Cell Surface Associated; OS: overall survival; SMAD3: SMAD Family Member; TGFß1: Transforming growth factor beta 1; TIMP-1: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1.
The Impact of Peplau's Therapeutic Communication Model on Anxiety and Depression in Patients Candidate for Coronary Artery Bypass
Authors: Zarea Kourosh , Maghsoudi Solmaz , Dashtebozorgi Bahman , Hghighizadeh Mohammad Hossin , Javadi Mostafa 
Published: December 2014

Background and Objective:Anxiety and depression are among the psychological disorders in heart surgeries. Establishing a simple communication is essential to reduce anxiety and depression. Hence, the objective of the present studywas to examine the impact of Peplau therapeutic communication model on anxiety and depression in patients, who were candidate for coronary artery bypass in Al-Zahra Heart Hospital, Shiraz during 2012-2013.Methods:This is a clinical trial in which 74 patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups, each consisted of 37 patients. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed before, and two and four months after intervention using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Seven therapeutic communication sessions were held in four stages. Data were analyzed with the SPSS (version 16) using analysis of covariance.Results:The mean anxiety and depression levels decreased in the intervention group after the therapeutic communication (p<0.01). Anxiety scores in the intervention group before and after intervention were 10.23 and 9.38, respectively. While the corresponding scores in the control group were 10.26 and 11.62, respectively. Depression scores in the intervention group before and after intervention were 11 and 9.13, respectively. The corresponding scores in the control group were 11.30 and 12.08, respectively.Conclusion:The results demonstrated the positive role of therapeutic communication in reducing anxiety and depression of the patients. Therefore, the therapeutic communication is recommended as a simple, cost effective and efficient method in this area.
Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Transhepatic Portal Embolization with Dehydrated Ethanol
Authors: Hanaoka Ryota , Banno Tatsuo , Kato Ryoichi , Akamatsu Hokuto , Toyama Hiroshi 
Published: December 2014

Purpose:
The efficacy and safety of percutaneous transhepatic portal embolization (PTPE) with dehydrated
ethanol was determined by measuring the liver lobe volume before and after the procedure.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 38 patients (25 men, 13 women; mean age: 62.0 ± 10.8 years) who underwent PTPE
with dehydrated ethanol between April 2005 and March 2011 participated in this study. Dehydrated ethanol containing
17% lipiodol was injected into the target portal vein branch under balloon occlusion, and the portal vein was subsequently
embolized. The liver lobe volume was measured via contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and the percent increase in
the unembolized lobe volume was then calculated. In addition, PTPE-related complications were surveyed, and the
procedural safety was evaluated.

Results:
The mean percent increase in the unembolized lobe volume after PTPE was 33.8% ± 20.2%. The procedure could
not be completed in one patient because of an insufficient increase in the unembolized lobe volume. No serious post-
PTPE complications were observed.

Conclusion:
These data suggest that PTPE with dehydrated ethanol is a safe and effective method for enlarging the
planned residual liver volume before extensive liver resection.
Microdamage generation by tapered and cylindrical mini-screw implants after pilot drilling
Authors: Taing-Watson Emily , Katona Thomas R. , Stewart Kelton T. , Ghoneima Ahmed , Chu Gabriel T. M. , Kyung Hee-Moon , Liu Sean S. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate the relationship between mini-screw implant (MSI) diameter (1.6 vs 2.0 mm) and shape (tapered vs cylindrical) and the amount of microdamage generated during insertion.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-six cylindrical and 36 tapered MSIs, 6 mm long, were used in this study. Half of each shape was 1.6 mm in diameter, while the other half was 2.0 mm. After pilot drilling, four and five MSIs were inserted, respectively, into fresh cadaveric maxillae and mandibles of dogs. Bone blocks containing the MSIs were sectioned and ground parallel to the MSI axis. Epifluorescent microscopy was used to measure overall cortical thickness, crack length, and crack number adjacent to the MSI. Crack density and total microdamage burden per surface length were calculated. Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the effects of jaw, and MSI shape and diameter. Pairwise comparisons were made to control the overall significance level at 5%.

Results:
The larger (2.0 vs 1.6 mm) cylindrical MSIs increased the numbers, lengths, and densities of microcracks, and the total microdamage burden. The same diameter cylindrical and tapered MSIs generated a similar number of cracks and crack lengths. More total microdamage burden was created by the 2.0-mm cylindrical than the 2.0-mm tapered MSIs. Although higher crack densities were produced by the insertion of 1.6-mm tapered MSIs, there was no difference in total microdamage burden induced by 1.6-mm tapered and 1.6-mm cylindrical MSIs.

Conclusions:
Pilot drilling is effective in reducing microdamage during insertion of tapered MSIs. To prevent excessive microdamage, large diameter and cylindrical MSIs should be avoided.
Infrared spectroscopy, nano-mechanical properties, and scratch resistance of esthetic orthodontic coated archwires
Authors: da Silva Dayanne Lopes , Santos Emanuel , de Souza Camargo Sérgio , de Oliveira Ruellas Antônio Carlos 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the material composition, mechanical properties (hardness and elastic modulus), and scratch resistance of the coating of four commercialized esthetic orthodontic archwires.Materials and Methods: The coating composition of esthetic archwires was assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Coating hardness and elastic modulus were analyzed with instrumented nano-indentation tests. Scratch resistance of coatings was evaluated by scratch test. Coating micromorphologic characteristics after scratch tests were observed in a scanning electron microscope. Statistical differences were investigated using analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test.Results: The FTIR results indicate that all analyzed coatings were markedly characterized by the benzene peak at about 1500 cm−1. The coating hardness and elastic modulus average values ranged from 0.17 to 0.23 GPa and from 5.0 to 7.6 GPa, respectively. Scratch test showed a high coating elasticity after load removal with elastic recoveries &gt;60%, but different failure features could be observed along the scratches.Conclusion: The coatings of esthetic archwires evaluated are probably a composite of polyester and polytetrafluoroethylene. Delamination, crack propagation, and debris generation could be observed along the coating scratches and could influence its durability in the oral environment.
Efficacy and Safety of Canagliflozin, an Inhibitor of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2, When Used in Conjunction With Insulin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Neal Bruce , Perkovic Vlado , de Zeeuw Dick , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Fulcher Greg , Ways Kirk , Desai Mehul , Shaw Wayne , Capuano George , Alba Maria , Jiang Joel , Vercruysse Frank , Meininger Gary , Matthews David ,   on behalf of the CANVAS Trial Collaborative Group
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE
There are limited data about the effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors when used with insulin. We report the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The CANagliflozin CardioVascular Assessment Study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled study that randomized participants to placebo, canagliflozin 100 mg, or canagliflozin 300 mg once daily, added to a range of therapies. The primary end point of this substudy was the change in HbA1c from baseline at 18 weeks among patients using insulin; 52-week effects were also examined.

RESULTS
Individuals receiving insulin at baseline were randomized to receive placebo (n = 690), canagliflozin 100 mg (n = 692), or canagliflozin 300 mg (n = 690). These individuals were 66% male and had a median age of 63 years, mean HbA1c of 8.3% (67 mmol/mol), BMI of 33.1 kg/m2, estimated glomerular filtration rate of 75 mL/min/1.73 m2, fasting plasma glucose of 9.2 mmol/L, and a median daily insulin dose of 60 IU. Most individuals were using basal/bolus insulin. Reductions in HbA1c with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg versus placebo were −0.62% (95% CI −0.69, −0.54; −6.8 mmol/mol [95% CI −7.5, −5.9]; P &lt; 0.001) and −0.73% (95% CI −0.81, −0.65; −8.0 mmol/mol [95% CI −8.9, −7.1]; P &lt; 0.001) at 18 weeks and −0.58% (95% CI −0.68, −0.48; −6.3 mmol/mol [95% CI −7.4, −5.2]) and −0.73% (95% CI −0.83, −0.63; −8.0 mmol/mol [95% CI −9.1, −6.9]) at 52 weeks. There were significant falls in fasting plasma glucose, body weight, and blood pressure at both time points and there was a greater incidence of hypoglycemia, genital mycotic infections, and hypovolemia with both canagliflozin doses.

CONCLUSIONS
Canagliflozin added to insulin therapy improved glycemic control and decreased body weight. There was a greater frequency of several anticipated side effects, although few led to discontinuation of treatment.
Markers of Increased Aeration in the Paranasal Sinuses and Along the Skull Base: Association between Anatomic Variants
Authors: Rereddy Shruthi K. , Johnson David M. , Wise Sarah K. 
Published: December 2014

Background There may be substantial variation in paranasal sinus pneumatization across patients and between right and left sides. Patients with extensive sinus aeration, especially of the sphenoid sinus and along the skull base, often have protrusion of critical structures into the pneumatized sinus cavities, which potentially places these structures at risk during sinus surgery. Objective To evaluate associations between anatomic markers of increased paranasal sinus aeration along the skull base and to determine whether the presence of certain markers predicts other critical anatomic variants. Methods Submillimeter axial computed tomography (CT) scans and associated triplanar reconstructions from 100 subjects were reviewed for the presence of 22 anatomic variants by two separate evaluators. Twelve of these variants were selected as markers of increased pneumatization. Average numbers of markers were compared with t-tests; associations between markers were evaluated by logistic regression analyses. The Holm-Bonferroni method was used to correct for multiple tests. Results Five anatomic variants were associated with increased paranasal sinus pneumatization as define by total number of markers of pneumatization: anterior ethmoid artery below the skull base, dehiscent/protruding internal carotid artery (ICA), dehiscent/protruding optic nerve (ON), pneumatized pterygoid recess, and middle turbinate (MT) concha bullosa (all p < .02). Significant associations were found between pneumatized pterygoid recesses and dehiscent or protruding ONs (odds ratio [OR] 3.06, p = .0120), dehiscent or protruding ICAs (OR 6.64, p < .0001), and anterior ethmoid arteries below the skull base (OR 2.65, p = .0189). Significant association was also found between dehiscent or protruding ONs and dehiscent or protruding ICAs (OR 3.57, p = .0047). Conclusion The markers of increased pneumatization and anatomic associations identified is study have important implications for surgeons planning and undertaking operative approaches in and around the sinuses.
Clinical Effects of Middle Turbinate Resection after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Choby Garret W. , Hobson Candace E. , Lee Stella , Wang Eric W. 
Published: December 2014

Background The middle turbinate (MT) is a structure that is often carefully preserved during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in an effort to preserve nasal physiology and serve as an anatomic landmark. However, resection is performed in select cases because of involvement of the MT in the inflammatory process, obstruction, or instability. Therefore, significant controversy exists among surgeons regarding the indications for proceeding with MT resection in ESS. This study evaluates clinical outcomes of MT resection after ESS. Methods An English language search of the PubMed and Ovid databases was conducted for publications examining clinical outcomes of MT resection after ESS performed for chronic rhinosinusitis. Two authors independently examined the articles to identify those meeting inclusion criteria. Any differences over which studies to include were resolved by discussion and consensus. Bias assessment was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration bias tool for randomized controlled trials and the Newcastle–Ottawa bias tool for cohort and case–control studies. Results After initial screening, search results revealed 71 articles that warranted detailed evaluation. After applying inclusion criteria, 9 studies were selected. A total of 2123 patients were included among the studies. All studies were controlled. Within the limited available data, olfaction scores may be improved in the MT resection patients compared with MT preservation patients. No difference between the groups was noted for quality of life outcomes, nasal airway resistance, or rates of postoperative frontal sinusitis. In regard to postoperative endoscopic examinations, some studies note greater improvement in the MT resection group compared with the MT preservation group, while others were equivalent. Conclusion Although some studies show outcome benefit in MT resection patients compared with MT preservation patients, several others show no difference. When MT resection was appropriately indicated, no studies showed detrimental effects compared with MT preservation in their designated outcomes. Additional more stringent studies are warranted.
Objective Radiographic Density Measurements of Sinus Opacities are not Strong Predictors of Noninvasive Fungal Disease
Authors: Killeen Daniel E. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Cunnane Mary E. , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: December 2014

Background High-density paranasal sinus opacities are often deemed consistent with fungal elements. No studies of objective quantitative radiographic density measures have been performed to support this assertion. Methods A consecutive series of 120 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent maxillary antrostomy with microbiological evaluation of contents within 60 days of sinus computed tomography scanning was investigated. Radiographic density characteristics of opacities in cultured maxillary sinuses (minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation of Hounsfield units [HU std ]) were recorded. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the accuracy of radiographic characteristics in predicting fungal opacities. Results Of 133 maxillary sinus opacities, 22 were ultimately consistent with noninvasive fungal disease: 11 allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and 11 fungal balls. Fungal balls had higher-density components and were more heterogeneous and allergic fungal mucin was generally more radiodense. These findings were reflected by statistically significant ROC curves for maximum HU (p = 0.019) and HU std = 0.023) for fungal balls and for average HU (p = 0.002) for allergic fungal mucin. A maximum HU cutoff of 334.0 detected fungal balls with 90.9% sensitivity and 72 specificity. An average HU cutoff of 42.9 HU detected allergic fungal mucin with 100% sensitivity and 46.3% specificity, although specificity improved to 73.2% with inclusion of nasal polyposis as a second requirement. Conclusion Higher average HU more accurately predicts allergic fungal mucin whereas heterogeneity/high-density components more accurately predict fungal balls. No objective radiographic density measure, in isolation, is both sensitive and specific in predicting noninvasive fungal sinusitis.
Olfactory Outcomes after Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery with Nasoseptal “Rescue” Flaps: Electrocautery versus Cold Knife
Authors: Hong Sang Duk , Nam Do-Hyun , Park JunOh , Kim Hyo Yeol , Chung Seung-Kyu , Dhong Hun-Jong 
Published: December 2014

Background Olfaction has been shown to have a large impact on patients’ lives. Endoscopic pituitary surgery is associated with potentially significant damage to olfactory tissues. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cauterization on olfactory function when performing endoscopic pituitary surgery with a nasoseptal “rescue” flap. Methods A retrospective review was performed of prospectively collected data. Olfaction was the primary outcome and was measured using the subjective visual analog scale (VAS; 0-100) and Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT) before and 3 months after surgery. Significant olfactory deficit was defined as >20% loss compared with preoperative functions. Patients who underwent an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach with NSRFs for pituitary adenoma from June 2012 to March 2013 were included. Included patients were divided into two groups; group 1 underwent rescue flaps raised by monopolar cautery and group 2 underwent rescue flaps by cold knife. Results Forty-nine patients were included in this study. There were 19 patients in group 1 and 30 patients in group 2. There was no significant difference in subjective olfactory change between the two groups (p = 0.386; group 1, 13.68 ± 17.7, versus group 2, 6.83 ± 8.25). However, 5 of 19 patients (26.3%) had significant olfactory loss in group 1 and 1 of 30 (3.3%) in group 2. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.027). None of the patients showed a significant decrease in CC-SIT score. Conclusion Raising the rescue flap by cold knife could reduce the rate of hyposmia compared with using an electrocautery postoperatively.
Allergic Rhinitis Phenotypes Based on Bronchial Hyperreactivity to Methacholine
Authors: Ciprandi Giorgio , Ricciardolo Fabio Luigi Massimo , Schiavetti Irene , Cirillo Ignazio 
Published: December 2014

Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma may be associated, bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) is quite common in AR patients. Methacholine (MCH) is a stimulus able to elicit BHR, as many other ones. Phenotyping AR is an up-to-date issue. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether MCH bronchial challenge is able to differentiate patients with AR. Methods A total of 298 patients (277 males, mean age 28.9 years), suffering from AR were evaluated. Sensitization, rhinitis duration, values for bronchial function (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume [FEV] 1, forced expiratory flow [FEF] 25-75, and FEV 1 /FVC ratio), MCH bronchial challenge, visual analog scale (VAS) for nasal and bronchial symptoms perception, and fractioned exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were evaluated. Results BHR-positive patients (22.8%) had significantly more frequent mite allergy (p = 0.025), longer AR duration (p < 0.001), lower FEV 1 ( p = 0.003), FEV1 /FVC (p < 0.001), FEF25–75 ( p < 0.001), higher (p < 0.001), and higher VAS values for both nasal and bronchial symptoms (p < 0.001 for both) in comparison with BHR-negative patients. FeNO can be considered a good predictor for BHR in AR patients (area under the curve, 0.90) with 27.0 ppb as cutoff. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that BHR to MCH could define two distinct phenotypes in AR patients. It could be clinically relevant as BHR-positive patients have initial impairment of lung function, impaired FeNO values, a worsening of respiratory symptoms perception.