bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence Rates of Pediculosis Capitis and Helminthiasis in Children in Danukusuman Surakarta
Authors: Setya Adhi Kumoro , Haryatmi Dwi , Listiyaningsih Alfina , Putri Elisa 
Published: July 2024

Pediculosis capitis and helminthiasis It is categorized as a neglected disease but is still an important health problem, especially for children. These two diseases each cause clinical disorders on the surface and internal organs of the body. Danukusuman is one of the most densely populated areas in the city of Surakarta, where in previous years many cases of gastrointestinal disorders affected local residents. The aim of this study to determine the incidence of pediculosis capitis and helminthiasis in elementary school children in the city of Surakarta. This research uses a descriptive analysis research design. The population in the study were children aged 6-8 years in Danukusuman Surakarta totaling 100 respondents. Samples were taken using total sampling technique. The diagnosis of pediculosis capitis is made on the skin and hair area of the head and intensity helminth enforced use method Kato katz from fecal samples by calculating the number of worm parasite eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Based on research conducted on 100 respondents, the results showed that 29 (29%) respondents had pediculosis capitis and cases of helminthiasis showed that 2 respondents (2%) had Ascari lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura with a total of 24 epg of parasites each with a light infection intensity. From the results of this study, it was reported that the incidence of pediculosis capitis in children in Danukusuman was 29% and helminth infections were 2% of cases with a mild degree of infection.
Content of The Heavy Metal Cd in Tilapia Fish from Rawa Taliwang Lake
Authors: Khairuddin Khairuddin , Yamin M. , Kusmiyati Kusmiyati 
Published: July 2024

The heavy metal Cadmium (Cd) can accumulate in the fish's body. The aim of this research is: To determine the metal content of Cadmium (Cd) in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) originating from Lake Rawa Taliwang. The specific benefit is to protect consumers who consume Tilapia from heavy metal contamination. The research was carried out at Rawa Taliwang Lake, namely in an area that was submerged in water. Two stations were chosen for this research, namely in the eastern and western parts of the lake. Method of data collection was carried out using gill nets. Two fish were taken at each station. Next, the tilapia fish samples are put into a plastic bag and then stored in a sample box. The research samples were then analyzed at the Mataram University analytical laboratory and at the Environmental and forestry services West Nusa Tenggara (DLHK NTB) Environmental Laboratory. The data analysis method was carried out by taking tilapia ikab muscle tissue and then analyzing the heavy metal content in the form of Cadmium (Cd) using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Measurement of heavy metals in tilapia fish tissue was carried out by adding concentrated HNO3 and HClO4, heating at a temperature of 60-70ºC for 2-3 hours until the solution was clear. Samples are ready to be measured with AAS using an air-acetylene flame. The conclusion of this research is that the content of the heavy metal Cd in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) originating from Lake Rawa Taliwang ranges from 0.19 – 2,18 mg/kg (ppm), exceeds the permitted quality standard, namely 0.3 mg/kg.
Percepciones de la tiflología en Colombia en perspectiva de educación inclusiva:
Authors: Gil Guerrero María Camila , Herrera García Andrea Catherine , Guerrero Yeison 
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: se indaga en las percepciones que circulan alrededor de la labor del tiflólogo en Colombia. Metodología: el trabajo de campo se adelantó con tres grupos poblacionales: profesionales en tiflología, adultos ciegos profesionales y jóvenes ciegos de instituciones educativas distritales de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. Se hizo uso de la entrevista semiestructurada como principal instrumento de recolección de información. Resultados: se evidencia que, si bien desde la normatividad nacional se resalta la importancia de la tiflología en la educación inclusiva, no hay un perfil oficial desde el Ministerio de Educación Nacional en el que se establezcan el campo de acción, características y funciones específicas. En otras palabras, no hay una profesionalización de la labor del tiflólogo. Esto genera que cualquier profesional con unos mínimos de experiencia en relación con el proceso educativo realice acompañamiento a población con discapacidad visual. Lo que podría afectar la calidad del apoyo que se brinda a las personas con este tipo de discapacidad en el país. Conclusiones: es necesario reconocer la importancia de la tiflología como una profesión que aporta a la educación inclusiva, en la medida en que aborda todas las dimensiones que comprende la discapacidad visual.
Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Rak Display Guna Mengurangi Cacat di UD. Afareza Rajarak
Authors: Ansori Mhammad Zain Al , Khoiroh Siti Muhimatul 
Published: July 2024

UD Afareza Rajarak is an industrial engaged in manufacturing and retail trade that produces racks. Two types of products are often ordered by customers, namely wall shelves and wicket racks. There are 4 product defects such as imprecise transverse wire, bent hollow iron, bent transverse wire, and poor welding residue. The highest percentage of defects for wall rack products was 4.81% in January 2024 and wicket racks were 5.05% in December 2023. Causing turnover losses to UD. Afareza Rajarak annually, with the largest loss in December amounting to Rp 3,956,250. This study aims to determine the factors that cause defects and how to reduce product defects in UD. Afareza Rajarak uses the Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) methods. The factors causing damage are human factors, methods, machines, raw materials, and the environment. Apply fixes based on PDCA methods that have been performed.
Keywords: Quality, Product, Defective, PDCA, FMEA
Numerical Simulation of the Behaviour of RC T-Beams Strengthened by EB-CFRP Composites Under Bending and Shear Effects
Authors: Alobaidi Hasan Ehssan , Al-Zuhairi Alaa Hussein 
Published: July 2024

This article presents the results of numerical simulations performed using ABAQUS/CAE version 2019. The study aims to evaluate the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforcements polymer composite materials (EB) (CFRP), especially their response to bending and shear forces. The numerical model was validated by comparing the numerical and experimental results of eight RC T-beams. The numerical analysis was then extended to include various factors, including the impact of the tilt angle of the U-CFRP shell on the shear strength. The goal of this numerical extension is to implement a numerical model capable of simulating the nonlinear behavior of these beams accurately. A comparative analysis is also performed on the experimental and computational models, focusing on the damage modes and their load-induced deformation characteristics. The results showed a satisfactory level of agreement between the two sides. The average ratio of ultimate load to deflection in the numerical model simulation and experimental beam test is 1.004 and 1.046, respectively. The main finding is that inclined U-CFRP deformed at a 45° angle exhibits greater shear stiffness than beams embedded with vertical CFRP panels at a 90° angle, maintaining a constant CFRP panel spacing.
Material and Design Solutions for Advanced Steam Power Plants
Authors: Kern T.-U. , Wieghardt K. , Kirchner H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Since the 1990s, the power plant market has shifted towards more flexible and efficient Steam Power Plants (SPPs) with fewer service inspections and lifetimes of ≥200,000 hours, including combined-cycle applications. This shift has driven efforts to enhance both design and materials. One approach is the installation of super-critical SPPs with live steam temperatures of T ≥580°C and optimized steam cycles. Siemens Power Generation is leveraging its experience with Ultra Super Critical SPPs from the 1950s, which operated at up to 650°C/320bar, to develop modern turbo-set solutions using new technology from the past decade. Proven design features, such as material combinations (welded or bolted rotors and casings) and advanced cooling techniques, are being adapted for current use. Past limitations with austenitic materials have been reassessed, leading to the conclusion that improved materials are necessary for today's USC SPPs. Global material development programs, such as COST in Europe, are focusing on new 10%Cr martensitic steels, which offer cost-effectiveness and operational flexibility. Additionally, joint R&D projects are underway to evaluate the long-term creep properties and service behavior of new 10%CrMoV steels for 600/620°C applications. These projects aim to ensure the materials can withstand relevant loading conditions and multiaxial stresses.
Economic Analysis of New Coal-Fired Generation Options
Authors: Booras George S. , Holt Neville , Viswanathan R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Coal-fired power plants are experiencing a resurgence due to cheaper prices compared to natural gas. However, environmental concerns remain. New technologies aim to tackle these issues by capturing emissions and boosting efficiency. EPRI's economic analysis highlights the potential of ultrasupercritical boilers with advanced materials, which could reach a remarkable 48% efficiency. However, these cutting-edge boilers come at a higher cost due to the expensive materials needed to withstand extremely high steam temperatures (around 730-760°C). The challenge lies in finding the optimal balance between efficiency gains and material costs.
The Practical Application and Long-Term Experience of New Heat Resistant Steels to Large Scale USC Boilers
Authors: Sato T. , Fukuda Y. , Mitsuhata K. , Sakai K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on the key properties of newly developed high-strength, heat-resistant steels for application in ultra-supercritical (USC) boilers. For some ferritic steels, improvements made to enhance their resistance to steam oxidation are highlighted. The latest welding techniques employed for these steels are introduced. Additionally, the high-temperature strength and weldability of Alloy 617 (52Ni-22Cr-13Co-9Mo-Ti-Al), a potential candidate material for the next generation of 700°C USC boilers, are described. The paper provides insights into the materials and welding technologies crucial for the development of advanced USC boilers operating at higher temperatures.
Innovative Research and Development of Heat Resistant Structural Materials for USC Power Plants
Authors: Munekl S. , Okubo H. , Abe Fujio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Achieving long-term stability of the tempered martensite is considered crucial for increasing the creep resistance of steels at elevated temperatures above 700°C. It is noted that at low stress levels, the creep deformation of the tempered martensite proceeds heterogeneously around prior austenite grain boundaries, as excess dislocations inside the grain are difficult to rearrange. This paper presents a new approach using carbon-free martensitic alloys strengthened by intermetallic compounds. An iron-nickel-cobalt martensite matrix with Laves phase as the precipitate is selected. The creep characteristics are discussed across a wide range of testing conditions, and the thermal cycle test behavior is examined to evaluate the potential of these alloys for future ultrasupercritical power plants operating in severe environments.
Experimental Work to Validate Alternate Design Methodologies for USC Steam Boiler Components
Authors: Swirtdeman R. W. , Shingledecker J. P. , Battiste R. L. , Sparks B. L. , Martin R .L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Components in ultrasupercritical steam (USC) boilers will operate under significantly more severe conditions than current subcritical and supercritical steam boilers. Existing construction rules for power boilers lack design guidance or criteria to assess the adequacy of designs for USC conditions. A Department of Energy (DOE) project addresses this by evaluating advanced materials under conditions similar to potential USC service environments. The project focuses on six tubing alloys and four thick-section alloys. Testing is underway for pressurized tube bends, notched thick-section bars, fatigue, and thermal shock on thick-section tubing made of materials like CCA617, Alloy 230, and Alloy 740. Further testing is planned for pressurized tubes, dissimilar metal welds, and thick-section weldments. This paper summarizes the status of this initial testing program aimed at enabling USC boiler material qualification.
Engineering Design and Fabrication of Ultrasupercritical Test Loops
Authors: Tanzosh James M. , DeVault Douglas J. , Mohn Walter R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A consortium which includes Energy Industries of Ohio, the Electric Power Research Institute, Inc., and four major US boiler manufacturers (the Babcock & Wilcox Company, Riley Power, Foster Wheeler, and Alstom Power) is conducting a 5-year materials development program to advance the technology in coal-fired power generation. As part of this development effort, new high temperature, corrosion resistant alloys must be evaluated and qualified for dependable operation in a corrosive coal-fired environment to produce steam for Ultra Supercritical (USC) cycle operation up to 760°C (1400°F) and 35 MPa (5000 psi.) To evaluate the fireside corrosion resistance of candidate materials for USC power generation, two superheater test loops comprised of seven different advanced alloys were designed and fabricated by the Babcock and Wilcox Company (B&W) in Barberton, Ohio. These loops were installed at the Reliant Energy power plant located in Niles, OH, and testing of these loops was initiated in December, 2003. Following a minimum of 18 months of testing, the loops will be removed for metallurgical examination and assessment by B&W. This paper describes some of the considerations in designing, fabricating, and installing the two USC test loops, as well as the methodology for monitoring their performance during operation.
Weldability and Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of Fe-Al-Cr Alloys in Oxidizing/Sulfidizing Environments
Authors: Regina J.R. , DuPont J.N. , Marder A.R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Coal burning power companies are currently considering FeAlCr weld overlay claddings for corrosion protection of waterwall boiler tubes located in their furnaces. Previous studies have shown that these FeAlCr coatings exhibit excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance in several types of low NOx environments. In the present study, the susceptibility of FeAlCr weld overlay claddings to hydrogen cracking was evaluated using a gas-tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. Microsegregation of alloying elements was determined for the FeAlCr welds and compared to a currently used Ni-based superalloy. Long-term gaseous corrosion testing of select weld overlays was conducted along with the Ni-based superalloy in a gaseous oxidizing/sulfidizing corrosion environment at 500°C. The sample weight gains were used along with analysis of the corrosion scale morphologies to determine the corrosion resistance of the coatings. It was found that although there were slight differences in the corrosion behavior of the selected FeAlCr weld coatings, all FeAlCr based alloys exhibited superior corrosion resistance to the Ni-based superalloy during exposures up to 2000 hours.
Effect of Shot Peening and Pre-oxidation Treatment in Air on Steam Oxidation Resistance of Mod.9Cr-1Mo Steel
Authors: Haruyama H. , Kutsumi H. , Kuroda S. , Abe F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the combined effect of shot peening and pre-oxidation treatment in air on the subsequent steam oxidation resistance of Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel with different sulfur contents. Cast steel balls (50-180 μm diameter) and pure Cr (50-230 μm diameter) were used for shot peening durations of 5-50 seconds. After shot peening, pre-oxidation was performed in air at 973K for 3.6ks. Then, oxidation testing was conducted in steam at 923K for up to 3.6Ms. Only the combination of Cr shot peening and pre-oxidation treatment facilitated the formation of a protective Cr-rich oxide scale on the specimen surface during pre-oxidation. This Cr-rich oxide scale remained stable during subsequent steam oxidation, resulting in excellent oxidation resistance of the steel.
Ultra Supercritical Steamside Oxidation
Authors: Holcomb G.R. , Cramer S.D. , Covino B.S. , Bullard S.J. , Ziomek-Moroz M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ultra supercritical (USC) power plants offer the promise of higher efficiencies and lower emissions, which are goals of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Power Systems Initiatives. Most current coal power plants in the U.S. operate at a maximum steam temperature of 538°C. However, new supercritical plants worldwide are being brought into service with steam temperatures of up to 620°C. Current Advanced Power Systems goals include coal generation at 60% efficiency, which require steam temperatures of up to 760°C. This research examines the steamside oxidation of advanced alloys for use in USC systems, with emphasis placed on alloys for high- and intermediate-pressure turbine sections. Initial results of this research are presented.
High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of X20 CrMoV 12.1 Boiler Tube Material
Authors: Jung J.S. , Kim D.S. , Kim B.S. , Kim E.H. , Lee S.H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The oxidation behavior of X20 steel in steam environments was studied isothermally between 580-640°C. Initially, the magnetite (Fe3O4) phase formed on the surface. With increasing time and temperature, the hematite (Fe2O3) phase formed. The oxide scale consisted of an inner layer divided from an outer layer by the original metal surface. A Cr-rich area was observed beneath the original metal surface. Oxide scales formed on a serviced boiler tube at 540°C for 7000h were also analyzed and found to be similar in oxide phase composition to those formed on X20 steel under laboratory conditions. However, differences existed in the microstructure and distribution of the Cr-rich area within the oxide scale. It was concluded that the oxidation mechanism under field conditions differs from that under laboratory conditions.
Experiences in Manufacturing and Long-Term Mechanical and Microstructural Testing of 9-12% Chromium Steel Forgings for Power Generation Plants
Authors: Zeiler Günter , Meyer Wilfried , Spiradek Krystyna , Wosik Jaroslaw 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Within the pursuit of improved economic electricity production with reduced environmental pollution, the European research activities COST 501/522 aimed to develop advanced 9-12%Cr steels for highly stressed turbine components by increasing thermal efficiency through higher steam temperatures up to 600/625°C. One such modified Cr steel, a tungsten-alloyed 10%Cr steel, has been in industrial production for several years in steam and gas turbine applications. This paper firstly discusses experiences in manufacturing, non-destructive testing, and mechanical properties achieved in forgings of this COST grade E steel. Secondly, it reports on the manufacturing of a trial melt of a later 9%Cr steel containing cobalt and boron from COST development, describing its long-term creep behavior, microstructural features responsible for superior creep resistance, and test results including short-term properties, detectable flaw size, and initial creep results for a full-size trial rotor forging.
Review of Turbine Materials for use in Ultra-Supercritical Steam Cycles
Authors: Ellis Fred V. , Wright Ian G. , Maziasz Philip J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A study is being conducted on turbine materials for use in ultra-supercritical (USC) steam power plants, with the objective of ensuring no material-related impediments regarding maximum temperature capabilities and the ability to manufacture turbine components. A review of the state-of-the-art and material needs for bolting and casing applications in USC steam turbines was performed to define and prioritize requirements for the next-generation USC turbines. For bolting, several potentially viable nickel-base superalloys were identified for service at 760°C, with the major issues being final material selection and characterization. Factors limiting inner casing material capabilities include casting size/shape, ability to inspect for discontinuities, stress rupture strength, and weldability for fabrication and repairs. Given the need for precipitation-strengthened nickel-base alloys for the inner casing at 760°C, the material needs are two-fold: selection/fabrication-related and characterization. The paper provides background on turbine components and reviews the findings for bolting and casing materials.
Defining the Materials Issues and Research needs for Ultra-Supercritical Steam Turbines
Authors: Maziasz Philip J. , Wright Ian G. , Shingledecker John P. , Gibbons Thomas B. , Romanosky Robert R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Current state-of-the-art coal-fired supercritical steam power plants operate with high-pressure turbine inlet steam temperatures close to 600°C. The best of the recently developed and commercialized advanced 9-12Cr martensitic-ferritic steels may allow prolonged use at temperatures to about 620°C, but such steels are probably close to their inherent upper temperature limit. Further increase in the temperature capability of advanced steam turbines will certainly require the use of Ni-based superalloys and system redesign, as seen in the European programs that are pioneering advanced power plants capable of operating with 700°C steam. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has recently undertaken a concerted effort to qualify ultra-supercritical boiler tubing and piping alloys for 720/760°C steam for increased efficiency and reduced emissions. It is, therefore, necessary to develop the corresponding USC steam turbine, also capable of reliable operation at such conditions. This paper summarizes a preliminary assessment made by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) of materials needed for ultra-supercritical (USC) steam turbines, balancing both technical and business considerations. These efforts have addressed an expanded portfolio of alloys, that includes austenitic stainless steels and alloys, in addition to various Ni-based superalloys for critical turbine components. Preliminary input from utilities indicates that cost-effective improvements in performance and efficiency that do not sacrifice durability and reliability are prime considerations for any advanced steam turbine technology.