bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between the ITCZ and the Southern Hemispheric eddy‐driven jet
Authors: Ceppi Paulo , Hwang Yen‐Ting , Liu Xiaojuan , Frierson Dargan M. W. , Hartmann Dennis L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe study the effect of a thermal forcing confined to the midlatitudes of one hemisphere on the eddy‐driven jet in the opposite hemisphere. We demonstrate the existence of an “interhemispheric teleconnection,” whereby warming (cooling) the Northern Hemisphere causes both the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and the Southern Hemispheric midlatitude jet to shift northward (southward). The interhemispheric teleconnection is effected by a change in the asymmetry of the Hadley cells: as the ITCZ shifts away from the Equator, the cross‐equatorial Hadley cell intensifies, fluxing more momentum toward the subtropics and sustaining a stronger subtropical jet. Changes in subtropical jet strength, in turn, alter the propagation of extratropical waves into the tropics, affecting eddy momentum fluxes and the eddy‐driven westerlies. The relevance of this mechanism is demonstrated in the context of future climate change simulations, where shifts of the ITCZ are significantly related to shifts of the Southern Hemispheric eddy‐driven jet in austral winter. The possible relevance of the proposed mechanism to paleoclimates is discussed, particularly with regard to theories of ice age terminations.
Impact of the dominant large‐scale teleconnections on winter temperature variability over East Asia
Authors: Lim Young‐Kwon , Kim Hae‐Dong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMonthly mean geopotential height for the past 33 DJF seasons archived in Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications reanalysis is decomposed into the large‐scale teleconnection patterns to explain their impacts on winter temperature variability over East Asia. Following Arctic Oscillation (AO) that explains the largest variance, East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR), West Pacific (WP) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are identified as the first four leading modes that significantly explain East Asian winter temperature variation. While the northern part of East Asia north of 50°N is prevailed by AO and EA/WR impacts, temperature in the midlatitudes (30°N–50°N), which include Mongolia, northeastern China, Shandong area, Korea, and Japan, is influenced by combined effect of the four leading teleconnections. ENSO impact on average over 33 winters is relatively weaker than the impact of the other three teleconnections. WP impact, which has received less attention than ENSO in earlier studies, characterizes winter temperatures over Korea, Japan, and central to southern China region south of 30°N mainly by advective process from the Pacific. Upper level wave activity fluxes reveal that, for the AO case, the height and circulation anomalies affecting midlatitude East Asian winter temperature is mainly located at higher latitudes north of East Asia. Distribution of the fluxes also explains that the stationary wave train associated with EA/WR propagates southeastward from the western Russia, affecting the East Asian winter temperature. Investigation on the impact of each teleconnection for the selected years reveals that the most dominant teleconnection over East Asia is not the same at all years, indicating a great deal of interannual variability. Comparison in temperature anomaly distributions between observation and temperature anomaly constructed using the combined effect of four leading teleconnections clearly show a reasonable consistency between them, demonstrating that the seasonal winter temperature distributions over East Asia are substantially explained by these four large‐scale circulation impacts.
Contribution of QSART to the diagnosis of small fiber neuropathy
Authors: Thaisetthawatkul Pariwat , Fernandes Filho J. Americo M. , Herrmann David N. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We evaluated incorporation of the quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) into the diagnostic criteria for small fiber neuropathy (SFN) as an addition to quantitative sensory testing (QST) and intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) testing. Methods: One hundred one patients with clinically suspected SFN underwent QSART, QST, and skin biopsy. The diagnostic yield of existing SFN criteria in these patients was compared with criteria incorporating QSART. The new combined diagnostic criteria were evaluated. Results: SFN was diagnosed in 38 of the 101 patients (38%) using current criteria. Addition of QSART existing SFN criteria resulted in an increased diagnostic yield to 67 patients (66%). Applying new SFN criteria requiring abnormality in at least 2 assessments among QSART, QST, and IENFD resulted in a diagnosis of SFN in 57 patients (56%). Conclusion: Assessment of both somatic and peripheral autonomic small nerve fibers enhances diagnostic criteria for SFN. Muscle Nerve 48: 883–888, 2013
X‐linked Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease predominates in a cohort of multiethnic Malaysian patients
Authors: Shahrizaila Nortina , Samulong Sarimah , Tey Shelisa , Suan Liaw Chiew , Meng Lao Kah , Goh Khean Jin , Ahmad‐Annuar Azlina 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Data regarding Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease is lacking in Southeast Asian populations. We investigated the frequency of the common genetic mutations in a multiethnic Malaysian cohort. Methods: Patients with features of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease or hereditary liability to pressure palsies were investigated for PMP22 duplication, deletion, and point mutations and GJB1, MPZ, and MFN2 point mutations. Results: Over a period of 3 years, we identified 25 index patients. A genetic diagnosis was reached in 60%. The most common were point mutations in GJB1, accounting for X‐linked Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (24% of the total patient population), followed by PMP22 duplication causing Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (20%). We also discovered 2 novel GJB1 mutations, c.521C>T (Proline174Leucine) and c.220G>A (Valine74Methionine). Conclusions: X‐linked Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease was found to predominate in our patient cohort. We also found a better phenotype/genotype correlation when applying a more recently recommended genetic approach to Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease. Muscle Nerve 49: 198–201, 2014
A common landscape for membrane‐active peptides
Authors: Last Nicholas B. , Schlamadinger Diana E. , Miranker Andrew D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThree families of membrane‐active peptides are commonly found in nature and are classified according to their initial apparent activity. Antimicrobial peptides are ancient components of the innate immune system and typically act by disruption of microbial membranes leading to cell death. Amyloid peptides contribute to the pathology of diverse diseases from Alzheimer's to type II diabetes. Preamyloid states of these peptides can act as toxins by binding to and permeabilizing cellular membranes. Cell‐penetrating peptides are natural or engineered short sequences that can spontaneously translocate across a membrane. Despite these differences in classification, many similarities in sequence, structure, and activity suggest that peptides from all three classes act through a small, common set of physical principles. Namely, these peptides alter the Brownian properties of phospholipid bilayers, enhancing the sampling of intrinsic fluctuations that include membrane defects. A complete energy landscape for such systems can be described by the innate membrane properties, differential partition, and the associated kinetics of peptides dividing between surface and defect regions of the bilayer. The goal of this review is to argue that the activities of these membrane‐active families of peptides simply represent different facets of what is a shared energy landscape.
Optical characterization of non‐annealed CdS:O films for window layers in solar cells
Authors: Kitano Atsushi , Shim YongGu , Wakita Kazuki , Khalilova Khuraman , Mamedov Nazim , Bayramov Ayaz , Huseynov Emil , Hasanov Ilham 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOptical constants of CdS:O window layers for solar cells were studied as a function of the oxygen content. The CdS:O thin films were deposited on glass substrates in the presence of oxygen at 0, 2, 3 and 5% values of O/Ar ratio by rf magnetron sputtering. Ellipsometric measurements on CdS:O thin films were carried out over 0.75–6.0 eV photon energies at room temperature. Optical constants were determined by using a the best‐fit dispersion model. Broadening of spectral features of the obtained optical constants is found to increase with increasing O/Ar ratio. Besides, the CdS:O films grown at 100 °C as compared to those grown at 200 °C exhibit increased spectral broadening. In fact, almost complete smearing of band gap spectral feature is observed for CdS:O films deposited at 5% value of O/Ar ratio, resulting in appreciable transparency of the films in a spectral range above the energy gap of CdS. This, in turn, leads to an increased carrier collection in the UV spectral range and allows to considering CdS:O film as a candidate for improved window‐layer material for solar cell application. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence characterization of Cu2ZnGeS4 single crystals
Authors: Levcenko S. , Guc M. , Merschjann C. , Gurieva G. , Schorr S. , Lux‐Steiner M. , Arushanov E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOptical properties of the Cu2ZnGeS4 bulk single crystals were characterized by using Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy technique. The strongest lattice vibration mode of this compound observed at 359 cm–1 and less intensive modes at 273, 291, 332, 370, 383, 405 and 414 cm–1. PL spectra of the Cu2ZnGeS4 consist of dominant broad emission band located at about 1.40 eV and a less intensive near 2.00 eV at 4.5 K. The observed PL bands were attributed to the donor acceptor pair transitions, with activation energy of 37 (140) meV for dominant and less intensive band, respectively. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Raman scattering and electric conductivity in Bi2(Te0.9Se0.1)3 thin films
Authors: Kerimova Afet , Abdullayev Nadir A. , Abdullayev Nadir M. , Aliguliyeva Khayala , Shim Yong Gu , Wakita Kazuki , Mamedov Nazim , Bayramov Ayaz , Nemov Sergey 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHigh‐grade Bi2(Te0.9Se0.1)3 thin films have been obtained and studied by means of confocal Raman spectroscopy and electrical measurements. The annealed films demonstrate the Raman‐active modes, $ A^1_{1g}$(61 cm–1) and $ E^2_g$(101 cm–1), which were not observed on as‐grown samples. At densities of incident laser irradiation above 50 W/mm2, the infrared‐active modes, (95 cm–1) and $ A^2_{1u}$(120 cm–1), emerge in the Raman spectra. The last fact is ascribed to symmetry breaking that is resulting from the internal stress and structural deformations caused by local over‐heating. The obtained Bi2(Te0.9Se0.1)3 films manifest dielectric rather than metallic conductivity that is usually observed for bulky crystals of this sort. The variable range hopping conduction has been found to be dominant at temperatures below 100 K. Localization radius and density of localized states at Fermi level have been estimated. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Twinning mechanism of nucleation
Authors: Akchurin Marat , Zakalyukin Ruslan , Kaminskii Alexander 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA new mechanism of nucleation during mechanosynthesis of complex oxides, based on the mass transfer due to plastic deformation is reported. Preparation of optical ceramics shows the role of the twinning process in the nucleation of yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12) and spinel (MgAl2O4) by grinding powders of Al2O3 + Y2O3 and MgO + Al2O3, respectively. A new look at the role of twinning in the plastic deformation suggested that mechanical twinning is the main mechanism of mechanochemical solid‐state reactions. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tectono‐sedimentary evolution of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (NW Italy) within the Oligo–Miocene central Mediterranean geodynamics
Authors: Maino Matteo , Decarlis Alessandro , Felletti Fabrizio , Seno Silvio 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe analyze the tectono‐sedimentary and thermochronometric constraints of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (TPB) and its adjoining orogen, the Ligurian Alps, providing new insights on the basin evolution in response to a changing geodynamic setting. The geometry of the post‐metamorphic faults of the Ligurian belt as well as the fault network that controlled the Oligo–Miocene TPB deposition has been characterized through a detailed structural analysis. Three main faulting stages have been distinguished and dated thanks to the relationships among faults and basin stratigraphy and thermochronometric data. The first stage (F1, Rupelian–Early Chattian) is related to the development of extensional NNW‐directed faults, which controlled the exhumation of the orogen and the deposition of nearshore clastics. During the Late Chattian, the basin drowning is marked by mudstones and turbidites, which deposition was influenced by the second faulting stage (F2). This phase was mainly characterized by NE‐ to ENE‐striking faults developed within a transtensional zone. Since the Miocene, the whole area was dominated by transpressive tectonics. The sedimentation was represented by a condensed succession followed by a very thick, turbiditic complex. At the regional scale, this succession of events reflects the major geodynamic reorganization in the central Mediterranean region during the Oligo–Miocene times, induced by the late‐collisional processes of the Alps, by the eastward migration of the Apennines subduction and by the opening of extensional basins (i. e., the Liguro–Provençal Ocean).
Arc‐parallel extrusion of the Timor sector of the Banda arc‐continent collision
Authors: Duffy Brendan , Quigley Mark , Harris Ron , Ring Uwe 
Published: May 2013

AbstractStructural studies of synorogenic basins in Timor using field and remote sensing techniques provide new structural and geomorphic evidence for syn‐collisional extension in the converging plate boundary zone between the Australian Plate and Banda Arc. Fault mapping and kinematic analysis at scales ranging from outcrop (<1 m2) to the dimensions of the active orogen in East Timor (~100 km2) identify a predominance of NW‐SE oriented dextral‐normal faults and NE‐SW oriented sinistral‐normal faults that collectively bound large (5–20 km2) bedrock massifs throughout the island. These fault systems intersect at non‐Andersonian conjugate angles of approximately 120° and accommodate an estimated 20 km of NE‐directed extension across the Timor orogen based on reconstructions of fault‐dismembered massifs. Major orogen‐parallel ENE‐oriented faults on the northern and southern sides of Timor exhibit normal‐sinistral and normal‐dextral kinematics, respectively. The overall pattern of deformation is one of lateral crustal extrusion sub‐parallel to the Banda Arc. Stratigraphic relationships suggest that extrusion began prior to 5.5 Ma, before pronounced rapid uplift of the orogen. We link this to progressive coupling of the fore‐arc to an underthrust plateau on the Australian Plate and subduction of its ocean crust. Our results enable us to track the structural evolution of the upper crust during dramatic plate‐boundary reorganizations accompanying the transition from subduction to collision. The deformation structures that we document suggest that both upper and lower plate deformation during incipient island arc‐continent collision was largely controlled by the geometry and topography of the lower plate.
Characterization of Clostridium thermocellum strains with disrupted fermentation end-product pathways
Authors: van der Veen Douwe , Lo Jonathan , Brown Steven D , Johnson Courtney M , Tschaplinski Timothy J , Martin Madhavi , Engle Nancy L , van den Berg Robert A , Argyros Aaron D , Caiazza Nicky C , Guss Adam M , Lynd Lee R 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Clostridium thermocellum is a thermophilic, cellulolytic anaerobe that is a candidate microorganism for industrial biofuels production. Strains with mutations in genes associated with production of l-lactate (Δldh) and/or acetate (Δpta) were characterized to gain insight into the intracellular processes that convert cellobiose to ethanol and other fermentation end-products. Cellobiose-grown cultures of the Δldh strain had identical biomass accumulation, fermentation end-products, transcription profile, and intracellular metabolite concentrations compared to its parent strain (DSM1313 Δhpt Δspo0A). The Δpta-deficient strain grew slower and had 30 % lower final biomass concentration compared to the parent strain, yet produced 75 % more ethanol. A Δldh Δpta double-mutant strain evolved for faster growth had a growth rate and ethanol yield comparable to the parent strain, whereas its biomass accumulation was comparable to Δpta. Free amino acids were secreted by all examined strains, with both Δpta strains secreting higher amounts of alanine, valine, isoleucine, proline, glutamine, and threonine. Valine concentration for Δldh Δpta reached 5 mM by the end of growth, or 2.7 % of the substrate carbon utilized. These secreted amino acid concentrations correlate with increased intracellular pyruvate concentrations, up to sixfold in the Δpta and 16-fold in the Δldh Δpta strain. We hypothesize that the deletions in fermentation end-product pathways result in an intracellular redox imbalance, which the organism attempts to relieve, in part by recycling NADP+ through increased production of amino acids.
Community‐dependent foraging habits of flower visitors: cascading indirect interactions among five bumble bee species
Authors: Ishii Hiroshi S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDespite the ubiquity and the importance of interspecific interactions among flower visitors, few studies have examined their effects on the realized feeding niches of visitor species in a community context. To evaluate the community‐wide effects of interactions among flower visitors, I have examined changes in the flower utilization patterns of each visitor species at several sites where the component of the visitor's community differed. Specifically, I compared the flower preferences and foraging habits (legitimate foraging vs. primary nectar robbing vs. secondary nectar robbing) of five bumble bee species in flower patches consisting of Trifolium pratense L. (red clover) and T. repens L. (white clover) on Hokkaido Island, Japan. I also examined the nectar production and standing crops of each flower species to evaluate the exploitation competition based on nectar. The bumble bee species exhibited different flower utilization patterns among sites. At sites where the long‐tongued Bombus diversus tersatus was common and the exotic short‐tongued B. terrestris was rare, B. diversus tersatus visited red clover (long‐tubed flowers) exclusively, whereas medium‐tongued B. pseudobaicalensis and short‐tongued B. hypocrita sapporoensis and B. hypnorum koropokkrus preferentially visited white clover (short‐tubed flowers). Conversely, at sites where the long‐tongued bee was rare, four other species frequently visited red clover in different modes: B. pseudobaicalensis visited legitimately, B. hypocrita sapporoensis and B. terrestris visited as primary nectar robbers, and B. hypnorum koropokkrus visited as a secondary nectar robber. The presence or absence of resource exploitation by the long‐tongued species and the interaction between primary and secondary nectar robbers via robbing holes was the major ecological sources of these differences. Diverse effects of interactions among flower visitors played important roles in shaping pattern of plant and flower visitor interactions.
Trunk stabilization with sling training in osteoporosis patients—a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Schröder Guido , Knauerhase Andreas , Kundt Guenther , Schober Hans-Christof 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Fractures due to osteoporosis are one of the principal causes of functional limitations, chronic pain, and greater morbidity in advanced age. In addition to bone risk factors for osteoporotic fractures include extraosseous causes such as falls or reduced neuromuscular capacity. Muscle and coordination exercises enhance the patients’ abilities in daily life and prevent falls. In view of recent conclusions drawn from competitive sports, which stress the significance of the muscles of the trunk in respect of reducing back pain and optimizing posture, we used sling exercises to determine whether osteoporosis patients benefit from it and whether it is more advantageous than traditional physiotherapy. Fifty patients were randomized into two groups. Group A received traditional physiotherapy, while group B was given sling exercises, in each case twice a week for a period of 3 months. The results of treatment (pre-post) were analyzed in terms of pain levels, mobility, trunk strength, and the shape of the back. After a further 3 months with no specific exercise treatment, we retested all patients in order to draw conclusions about the long-term effects of the two types of exercise. Forty-four patients (88 %) completed the study. Patients were assigned to small groups (a maximum of five patients in each group) and, thus, received individual attention and motivation. Positive training effects were achieved in both groups. Significantly better results as regards improvement of mobility and reduction of falls were registered in the sling exercise group.
The Effect of Non Ionic Surfactants Containing Triazole, Thiadiazole and Oxadiazole as Inhibitors of the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in 1M Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Sobhi M. , El‐sayed R. , Abdallah M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn the present investigation novel nonionic surfactants were synthesized, characterized and tested as inhibitors of the corrosion of carbon steel in 1M HCl solution. The inhibition action of these surfactants was studied by weight loss, galvanostatic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The adsorption of the inhibitors was well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the adsorption isotherm parameters were determined at different temperatures. The inhibition efficiency was found to rise when increasing the concentration of these compounds and decreasing the temperature. The effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency of the corrosion process was studied and the values of some activated thermodynamic parameters were calculated to elaborate the mechanism of inhibition. The synthesized nonionic surfactants exhibit good surface and antimicrobial properties.
Synthesis, Characterization, Biodegradation and Evaluation of the Surface Active Properties of Nonionic Surfactants Derived from Jatropha Oil
Authors: Negm Nabel A. , El‐Tabl Abdou Saad , Aiad Ismail A. , Zakareya Khalid , Moustafa Ahmed H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFour nonionic surface active agents were synthesized using the fatty acids obtained from the hydrolysis of Jatropha oil. The fatty acids obtained contained different fatty acids including: palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids in different proportions. The chemical structures of the obtained surfactants were characterized using elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The surface activities of the different surfactants were determined using surface and interfacial tension measurements. The surfactants showed good surface and interfacial activities, which are dependent on their chemical structures. Thermodynamic parameters of adsorption and micellization confirmed these results. The biodegradation tests in river water showed that the surfactants are readily biodegradable, and reached the European standards after 24 days. Surfactants containing longer nonionic chains formed stable emulsions with paraffin oil, while shorter chains exhibit a lower emulsion stability performance.