bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ovalbumin‐specific IgE/IgG4 ratio might improve the prediction of cooked and uncooked egg tolerance development in egg‐allergic children
Authors: Vazquez‐Ortiz M. , Pascal M. , Jiménez‐Feijoo R. , Lozano J. , Giner M. T. , Alsina L. , Martín‐Mateos M. A. , Plaza A. M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundAccurate predictors of natural tolerance development to cooked and uncooked egg are needed in egg‐allergic patients.ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic performance of different immunological tests in relation to egg allergy versus tolerance.MethodsChildren aged 5–18 years diagnosed with IgE‐mediated egg allergy were prospectively recruited. All followed an egg‐free diet. Prick test and specific IgE (sIgE) to ovalbumin, ovomucoid and egg white, ovalbumin‐sIgG4 and ovomucoid‐sIgG4 were determined. By boiled and raw egg challenges, children were classified as cooked egg allergic (CEA, n = 50) or tolerant (CET, n = 35), and uncooked egg allergic (UEA, n = 64) or tolerant (UET, n = 21). Statistics. Comparative analysis (CEA vs. CET and UEA vs. UET). Multivariate logistic regression. Partial receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of tests in relation to CEA and UEA. Negative decision points were defined as cut‐offs with sensitivity 95%.ResultsOvalbumin‐sIgG4 resulted an independent protective factor for uncooked egg allergy. To identify patients with high probability of egg tolerance, ovalbumin‐sIgE/sIgG4 tended to perform better than sIgE and prick, specifically in children with ovalbumin‐sIgE < 1.9 kU/L (for UEA) and ovomucoid‐sIgE < 2.12 kU/L (for CEA). The most accurate cut‐offs to recommend challenges were ovalbumin‐sIgE/sIgG4 below 2.49 for cooked egg and 1.45 for uncooked egg, which associated 89.5% and 80% probability of tolerance (negative likelihood ratios 0.08 and 0.06), respectively. These cut‐offs identified correctly as tolerant an additional 23% and 14% of children with negative challenges to cooked and uncooked egg, respectively, in comparison with sIgE negative decision points. Additionally, prick test tended to perform better than sIgE alone in predicting cooked and uncooked egg tolerance for ovomucoid‐sIgE < 0.92 kU/L and ovalbumin‐sIgE < 1.37 kU/L, respectively.ConclusionsOvalbumin‐specific IgG4 is an independent predictor of tolerance development to uncooked egg. Ovalbumin‐sIgE/sIgG4 ratio, followed by skin prick test (SPT), seems to perform better than sIgE in identifying egg‐allergic children with high probability of tolerance to cooked and uncooked egg over follow‐up.
Effects of Invasive Cordgrass on Presence of Marsh Grassbird in an Area where It Is Not Native
Authors: MA ZHIJUN , GAN XIAOJING , CHOI CHI‐YEUNG , LI BO 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe threatened Marsh Grassbird (Locustella pryeri) first appeared in the salt marsh in east China after the salt marsh was invaded by cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), a non‐native invasive species. To understand the dependence of non‐native Marsh Grassbird on the non‐native cordgrass, we quantified habitat use, food source, and reproductive success of the Marsh Grassbird at the Chongming Dongtan (CMDT) salt marsh. In the breeding season, we used point counts and radio‐tracking to determine habitat use by Marsh Grassbirds. We analyzed basal food sources of the Marsh Grassbirds by comparing the δ13C isotope signatures of feather and fecal samples of birds with those of local plants. We monitored the nests through the breeding season and determined the breeding success of the Marsh Grassbirds at CMDT. Density of Marsh Grassbirds was higher where cordgrass occurred than in areas of native reed (Phragmites australis) monoculture. The breeding territory of the Marsh Grassbird was composed mainly of cordgrass stands, and nests were built exclusively against cordgrass stems. Cordgrass was the major primary producer at the base of the Marsh Grassbird food chain. Breeding success of the Marsh Grassbird at CMDT was similar to breeding success within its native range. Our results suggest non‐native cordgrass provides essential habitat and food for breeding Marsh Grassbirds at CMDT and that the increase in Marsh Grassbird abundance may reflect the rapid spread of cordgrass in the coastal regions of east China. Our study provides an example of how a primary invader (i.e., cordgrass) can alter an ecosystem and thus facilitate colonization by a second non‐native species.Efectos de Spartina alterniflora Invasora Sobre Locustella pryeri en un Área Donde No Es Nativa
Using Hashtags to Capture Fine Emotion Categories from Tweets
Authors: Mohammad Saif M. , Kiritchenko Svetlana 
Published: January 2014

Detecting emotions in microblogs and social media posts has applications for industry, health, and security. Statistical, supervised automatic methods for emotion detection rely on text that is labeled for emotions, but such data are rare and available for only a handful of basic emotions. In this article, we show that emotion‐word hashtags are good manual labels of emotions in tweets. We also propose a method to generate a large lexicon of word–emotion associations from this emotion‐labeled tweet corpus. This is the first lexicon with real‐valued word–emotion association scores. We begin with experiments for six basic emotions and show that the hashtag annotations are consistent and match with the annotations of trained judges. We also show how the extracted tweet corpus and word–emotion associations can be used to improve emotion classification accuracy in a different nontweet domain.Eminent psychologist Robert Plutchik had proposed that emotions have a relationship with personality traits. However, empirical experiments to establish this relationship have been stymied by the lack of comprehensive emotion resources. Because personality may be associated with any of the hundreds of emotions and because our hashtag approach scales easily to a large number of emotions, we extend our corpus by collecting tweets with hashtags pertaining to 585 fine emotions. Then, for the first time, we present experiments to show that fine emotion categories such as those of excitement, guilt, yearning, and admiration are useful in automatically detecting personality from text. Stream‐of‐consciousness essays and collections of Facebook posts marked with personality traits of the author are used as test sets.
Influence of age on manifestation, VC and TLCO values, and bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts of sarcoidosis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Authors: Sterclova Martina , Paluch Peter , Skibova Jelena , Vasakova Martina 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntroductionImmune response probably changes during human life, being influenced by cumulative exposure to environmental factors and individual genetic background.MethodsPatients investigated for suspected interstitial lung disease were prospectively enrolled. After completing the diagnostic process, 121 patients were diagnosed extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) and 136 sarcoidosis. Three groups according to age were established (<30 years, 30–60 years, >60 years), clinical manifestation, vital capacity (VC), forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1), lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide‐transfer factor (TLCO) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) differential cell count were compared among the groups.ResultsAge subgroups of EAA patients did not significantly differ in lung functions. In the group above 60 years, non‐significantly higher neutrophils and eosinophils counts and CD4/CD8 ratio were observed. Sarcoidosis patients were significantly younger than EAA group and had significantly better lung functions (VC, FEV1, TLCO). Patients with sarcoidosis above 60 years of age had significantly higher percentages of neutrophils in BALF compared with younger patients. BALF percentage of neutrophils positively correlated with age.ConclusionsPresented results may support the hypothesis that reactivity of immune system changes during the life, which may result in different manifestation of interstitial lung diseases according to age.
Cutaneous lymphomas
Authors: Klemke Claus‐Detlev 
Published: January 2014

SummaryPrimary cutaneous lymphomas are extranodal non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. They are classified into the two main groups of primary cutaneous T‐ and B‐cell lymphomas. Very rare cases are derived from NK or plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The annual incidence is 1/100,000. Two‐thirds of the patients have primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, and the remaining one‐third have primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma. Over the years, tremendous progress has been made regarding the diagnostics and classification of cutaneous lymphomas. An exact classification of cutaneous lymphomas is of great importance for the patient, because the different skin lymphomas have very different prognoses and require different therapeutic regimens.The basis for making a diagnosis is a clinical‐pathological correlation, including the use of several immunohistochemical markers and molecular biological methods. Treatment of cutaneous lymphoma is adapted to the type of lymphoma and disease stage. First‐line therapy consists of treatments that target the skin. Systemic treatment is used in advanced disease. Many targeted therapies have been introduced into routine clinical care in recent years. This review presents an up‐to‐date approach to the diagnosis and treatment of primary cutaneous lymphomas.
A highly sensitive fluorescent indicator dye for calcium imaging of neural activity in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Tada Mayumi , Takeuchi Atsuya , Hashizume Miki , Kitamura Kazuo , Kano Masanobu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCalcium imaging of individual neurons is widely used for monitoring their activity in vitro and in vivo. Synthetic fluorescent calcium indicator dyes are commonly used, but the resulting calcium signals sometimes suffer from a low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Therefore, it is difficult to detect signals caused by single action potentials (APs) particularly from neurons in vivo. Here we showed that a recently developed calcium indicator dye, Cal‐520, is sufficiently sensitive to reliably detect single APs both in vitro and in vivo. In neocortical neurons, calcium signals were linearly correlated with the number of APs, and the SNR was > 6 for in vitro slice preparations and > 1.6 for in vivo anesthetised mice. In cerebellar Purkinje cells, dendritic calcium transients evoked by climbing fiber inputs were clearly observed in anesthetised mice with a high SNR and fast decay time. These characteristics of Cal‐520 are a great advantage over those of Oregon Green BAPTA‐1, the most commonly used calcium indicator dye, for monitoring the activity of individual neurons both in vitro and in vivo.
A long‐term nitrogen fertilizer gradient has little effect on soil organic matter in a high‐intensity maize production system
Authors: Brown Kimberly H. , Bach Elizabeth M. , Drijber Rhae A. , Hofmockel Kirsten S. , Jeske Elizabeth S. , Sawyer John E. , Castellano Michael J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGlobal maize production alters an enormous soil organic C (SOC) stock, ultimately affecting greenhouse gas concentrations and the capacity of agroecosystems to buffer climate variability. Inorganic N fertilizer is perhaps the most important factor affecting SOC within maize‐based systems due to its effects on crop residue production and SOC mineralization. Using a continuous maize cropping system with a 13 year N fertilizer gradient (0–269 kg N ha−1 yr−1) that created a large range in crop residue inputs (3.60–9.94 Mg dry matter ha−1 yr−1), we provide the first agronomic assessment of long‐term N fertilizer effects on SOC with direct reference to N rates that are empirically determined to be insufficient, optimum, and excessive. Across the N fertilizer gradient, SOC in physico‐chemically protected pools was not affected by N fertilizer rate or residue inputs. However, unprotected particulate organic matter (POM) fractions increased with residue inputs. Although N fertilizer was negatively linearly correlated with POM C/N ratios, the slope of this relationship decreased from the least decomposed POM pools (coarse POM) to the most decomposed POM pools (fine intra‐aggregate POM). Moreover, C/N ratios of protected pools did not vary across N rates, suggesting little effect of N fertilizer on soil organic matter (SOM) after decomposition of POM. Comparing a N rate within 4% of agronomic optimum (208 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and an excessive N rate (269 kg N ha−1 yr−1), there were no differences between SOC amount, SOM C/N ratios, or microbial biomass and composition. These data suggest that excessive N fertilizer had little effect on SOM and they complement agronomic assessments of environmental N losses, that demonstrate N2O and NO3 emissions exponentially increase when agronomic optimum N is surpassed.
Implications of land‐use change to Short Rotation Forestry in Great Britain for soil and biomass carbon
Authors: Keith Aidan M. , Rowe Rebecca L. , Parmar Kim , Perks Mike P. , Mackie Ewan , Dondini Marta , McNamara Niall P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLand‐use change can have significant impacts on soil and aboveground carbon (C) stocks and there is a clear need to identify sustainable land uses which maximize C mitigation potential. Land‐use transitions from agricultural to bioenergy crops are increasingly common in Europe with one option being Short Rotation Forestry (SRF). Research on the impact on C stocks of the establishment of SRF is limited, but given the potential for this bioenergy crop in temperate climates, there is an evident knowledge gap. Here, we examine changes in soil C stock following the establishment of SRF using combined short (30 cm depth) and deep (1 m depth) soil cores at 11 sites representing 29 transitions from agriculture to SRF. We compare the effects of tree species including 9 coniferous, 16 broadleaved and 4 Eucalyptus transitions. SRF aboveground and root biomass were also estimated in 15 of the transitions using tree mensuration data allowing assessments of changes in total ecosystem C stock. Planting coniferous SRF, compared to broadleaved and Eucalyptus SRF, resulted in greater accumulation of litter and overall increased soil C stock relative to agricultural controls. Though broadleaved SRF had no overall effect on soil C stock, it showed the most variable response suggesting species‐specific effects and interactions with soil types. While Eucalyptus transitions induced a reduction in soil C stocks, this was not significant unless considered on a soil mass basis. Given the relatively young age and limited number of Eucalyptus plantations, it is not possible to say whether this reduction will persist in older stands. Combining estimates of C stocks from different ecosystem components (e.g., soil, aboveground biomass) reinforced the accumulation of C under coniferous SRF, and indicates generally positive effects of SRF on whole‐ecosystem C. These results fill an important knowledge gap and provide data for modelling of future scenarios of LUC.
Cardiac mucosa at the gastro‐oesophageal junction: indicator of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease? Data from a prospective central European multicentre study on histological and endoscopic diagnosis of oesophagitis (histoGERD trial)
Authors: Langner Cord , Schneider Nora I , Plieschnegger Wolfgang , Schmack Bertram , Bordel Hartmut , Höfler Bernd , Eherer Andreas J , Wolf Eva‐Maria , Rehak Peter , Vieth Michael 
Published: January 2014

AimsThe origin and significance of cardiac mucosa at the gastro‐oesophageal junction are controversial. In the prospective Central European multicentre histoGERD trial, we aimed to assess the prevalence of cardiac mucosa, characterized by the presence of glands composed of mucous cells without parietal cells, and to relate its presence to features related to gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).Methods and resultsOne thousand and seventy‐one individuals (576 females and 495 males; median age 53 years) were available for analysis. Overall, in biopsy specimens systematically taken from above and below the gastro‐oesophageal junction, cardiac mucosa was observed in 713 (66.6%) individuals. Its presence was associated with patients' symptoms and/or complaints (P = 0.0025), histological changes of the squamous epithelium (P < 0.001) indicative of GORD, intestinal metaplasia (P < 0.001), and an endoscopic diagnosis of oesophagitis (P < 0.001). No association with an endoscopic diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus or with gastric pathology, particularly Helicobacter infection, was observed.ConclusionsCardiac mucosa is a common finding in biopsy specimens taken from the gastro‐oesophageal junction. Its association with reflux symptoms, histological changes indicating GORD and the endoscopic diagnosis of oesophagitis suggests that injury and repair related to GORD contribute to its development and/or expansion.
The accelerating effect of negative pressure wound therapy with Prevena™ on the healing of a closed wound with persistent serous secretion
Authors: Altintas Burak , Biber Roland , Brem Matthias H 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy has been lately used on closed incisions in the immediate postoperative period to accelerate wound healing. However, there are no data in the literature regarding the use of this type of therapy for wounds with persistent secretion in the early postoperative care. We present the first report of persistent postoperative serous wound secretion in a patient after femoral nailing treated successfully with Prevena™ (KCI), a closed incision negative pressure management system (CINPWT).
BnWRI1 coordinates fatty acid biosynthesis and photosynthesis pathways during oil accumulation in rapeseed
Authors: Wu Xue‐Long , Liu Zhi‐Hong , Hu Zhang‐Hua , Huang Rui‐Zhi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPhotosynthesis in “green” seeds, such as rapeseed, soybean, and Arabidopsis, plays a substantial role in the improved efficiency of oil accumulation. However, the molecular mechanism underpinning the coordinated expression of fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis‐ and photosynthesis‐related genes in such developing seeds remains to be elucidated. Here, we found that seed‐specific overexpression of BnWRI1, a WRI1 homolog from rapeseed (Brassica napus cv. ZGY2), results in enhanced chlorophyll content in developing seeds and increased oil content and seed mass in matured seeds. BnWRI1 was co‐expressed with BnBCCP and BnCAB, two marker genes of FA biosynthesis and photosynthesis during seed development, respectively. Overexpression of BnWRI1 increased expression of both marker genes. Further, the nuclear‐localized BnWRI1 protein was found to act as a transcription activator. It could bind to the GT1‐element and/or GCC‐box, which are widespread in the upstream regions of genes involved in FA biosynthesis and photosynthesis pathways. Accordingly, BnWRI1 could interact with promoters of BCCP2 and LHB1B2 in vivo. These results suggested that BnWRI1 may coordinate FA biosynthesis and photosynthesis pathways in developing seeds via directly stimulating expression of GT1‐element and/or GCC‐box containing genes.
Conversion disorder in children and adolescents: A disorder of cognitive control
Authors: Kozlowska Kasia , Palmer Donna M. , Brown Kerri J. , Scher Stephen , Chudleigh Catherine , Davies Fiona , Williams Leanne M. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo assess cognitive function in children and adolescents presenting with acute conversion symptoms.MethodsFifty‐seven participants aged 8.5–18 years (41 girls and 16 boys) with conversion symptoms and 57 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls completed the IntegNeuro neurocognitive battery, an estimate of intelligence, and self‐report measures of subjective emotional distress.ResultsParticipants with conversion symptoms showed poorer performance within attention, executive function, and memory domains. Poorer performance was reflected in more errors on specific tests: Switching of Attention (t(79) = 2.17,p = .03); Verbal Interference (t(72) = 2.64,p = .01); Go/No‐Go (t(73) = 2.20,p = .03); Memory Recall and Verbal Learning (interference errors for memory recall;t(61) = 3.13,p < .01); and short‐delay recall (t(75) = 2.05,p < .01) and long‐delay recall (t(62) = 2.24,p = .03). Poorer performance was also reflected in a reduced span of working memory on the Digit Span Test for both forward recall span (t(103) = −3.64,p < .001) and backward recall span (t(100) = −3.22,p < .01). There was no difference between participants and controls onIQestimate (t(94) = −589,p = .56), and there was no correlation between cognitive function and perceived distress.ConclusionsChildren and adolescents with acute conversion symptoms have a reduced capacity to manipulate and retain information, to block interfering information, and to inhibit responses, all of which are required for effective attention, executive function, and memory.
Swedish nursing students' experience of stress during clinical practice in relation to clinical setting characteristics and the organisation of the clinical education
Authors: Blomberg Karin , Bisholt Birgitta , Kullén Engström Agneta , Ohlsson Ulla , Sundler Johansson Annelie , Gustafsson Margareta 
Published: January 2014

Aims and objectivesTo describe nursing students' experience of stress during clinical practice and evaluate the risk of stress in relation to the clinical setting characteristics and the organisation of the clinical education.BackgroundStress during clinical practice is well documented, but there is a lack of knowledge concerning whether the clinical setting characteristics and the organisation of the education make a difference.DesignA cross‐sectional study with evaluative design.MethodsData were collected by means of a numerical rating scale for the assessment of stress and questions about the clinical setting characteristics and the organisation of the education. One hundred and eighty‐four students who had completed their final year on the nursing programme at three universities in Sweden were included.ResultsNearly half of the students (43%) experienced high level of stress during clinical practice. Measured by decision in the tree analysis, the absolute risk of stress was 57% in students with placements in hospital departments, as compared to 13% in students with placements in other clinical settings. The risk of stress increased to 71% if the students with placement in a hospital took the national clinical final examination. Performance of practice in a hospital department overcrowded with patients was also associated with increased risk of stress. The organisation of supervision and number of students at the clinical placement had an effect on the experience of stress, but did not prove to be risk factors in the analysis.ConclusionsThe risk of stress in nursing students during their clinical practice differs depending on clinical setting characteristics. The taking of the national clinical final examination could be a source of stress, but this requires further investigation.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is important that supervisors are aware that students in hospital departments overcrowded with patients are at risk of stress and may have increased need of support.