bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching Reaction Pathways of CO2 Electroreduction by Modulating Cations in the Electrochemical Double Layer
Authors: Yang Jiahao , Jiao Jiapeng , Liu Shiqiang , Yin Yaoyu , Cheng Yingying , Wang Yiyong , Zhou Meng , Zhao Wenling , Tong Xing , Jing Lihong , Zhang Pei , Sun Xiaofu , Zhu Qinggong , Kang Xinchen , Han Buxing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTuning the selectivity of CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR) solely by changing electrolyte is a very attractive topic. In this study, we conducted CO2RR in different aqueous electrolytes over bulk metal electrodes. It was discovered that controlled CO2RR could be achieved by modulating cations in the electrochemical double layer. Specifically, ionic liquid cations in the electrolyte significantly inhibits the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), while yielding high Faraday efficiencies toward CO (FECO) or formate (FEformate) depending on the alkali metal cations. For example, the product could be switched from CO (FECO=97.3 %) to formate (FEformate=93.5 %) by changing the electrolyte from 0.1 M KBr‐0.5 M 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide (OmimBr) to 0.1 M CsBr‐0.5 M OmimBr aqueous solutions over pristine Cu foil electrode. In situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal that the ordered structure generated by the assembly of Omim+ under an applied negative potential alters the hydrogen bonding structure of the interfacial water, thereby inhibiting the HER. The difference in selectivity in the presence of different cations is attributed to the hydrogen bonding effect caused by Omim+, which alters the solvated structure of the alkali metal cations and thus affects the stabilization of intermediates of different pathways.
A systematic review: Biodegradation, mechanism, remediation strategies, and environmental impacts of microplastics
Authors: Nisha  , Joshi Harish Chandra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the natural environment, plastics and microplastics (MPs) are difficult to break down due to their hydrophobicity, the presence of persistent covalent bonds, and their functional groups' resistance to attack. The destiny of both organic and inorganic pollutants at contaminated areas can be influenced by MPs ability to absorb them. Because of their enormous surface to volume ratio and chemical surface characteristics, MPs are able to absorb dangerous substances from their surroundings. Accordingly, the study's main objectives were to provide a concise review of characterization techniques of MP biodegradation techniques, including the nano‐enabled methods, and the gaps in current research were outlined. This review paper summarizes the degradation mechanism and efficiency of MPs in different circumstances. For the purpose of eliminating plastic pollution, this work will help for the further studies.
Radical C‐Glycosylation Using Photoexcitable Unprotected Glycosyl Borate
Authors: Miyamoto Yusuke , Murakami Sho , Sumida Yuto , Hirai Go , Ohmiya Hirohisa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe have developed radical C‐glycosylation using photoexcitable unprotected glycosyl borate. The direct excitation of glycosyl borate under visible light irradiation enabled the generation of anomeric radical without any photoredox catalysts. The in situ generated anomeric radical was applicable to the radical addition such as Giese‐type addition and Minisci‐type reaction to introduce alkyl and heteroaryl groups at the anomeric position. In addition, the radical–radical coupling between the glycosyl borate and acyl imidazolide provided unprotected acyl C‐glycosides.
Effect of ceria morphology on hydrogen production via methane steam reforming for membrane reformer
Authors: Baudh Anjali , Garjola Meenakshi , Sharma Rahul , Sharma Sweta , Upadhyay Rajesh Kumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrogen is a potential energy carrier in comparison to conventional fuels due to its high energy content. Methane is an attractive source for ‘on‐site’ production of hydrogen by using membrane reformer due to its low cost. However, such reformers are not well studied and high temperature operation of steam methane reforming (SMR) makes the integration with membrane separation difficult. Further, the main product of SMR is CO and H2 in which CO has an inhibition effect on the membrane separation process. Therefore, it is vital to synthesize a low temperature and low CO selective catalyst for a suitable integration with membrane reformer. Nickel‐based catalyst is widely used for SMR due to its low cost and high catalytic activity. CeO2 is a favoured support as it mobilizes the lattice oxygen and reduces the coke formation and CO selectivity. Though several studies are reported on CeO2 based support, the effect of CeO2 surface morphology is not studied for SMR. In the current work, Ni/CeO2 of different shapes (nanocube and nanorod) are synthesized. The complete characterization of the support was performed. The effect of support shape, calcination temperature, and reduction temperature on SMR activity is found at different operating temperatures. For each condition conversion, CO, CO2 selectivity, and hydrogen yield are calculated. The results show the CeO2 morphology has a considerable effect on conversion, CO selectivity, and hydrogen yield. It is found that ceria nanocube calcined at 550°C provides better performance at high temperature.
Selective Adsorption of Dyes and Fe3+ Sensing via Tb3+ Incorporation in an Anionic Cadmium‐Organic Framework
Authors: Liu Liu , Chen Duan , Dou Ai‐Na , Xu Quan‐Qing , Liu Feng‐Yi , Zhu Ai‐Xin , Zhu Rong‐Rong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3D) anionic cadmium‐organic framework, namely [(CH3)2NH2][Cd1.5(DMTDC)2] ⋅ 2DMA ⋅ 0.5H2O (Cd‐MOF; DMA=N,N‐dimethylacetamide), was successfully synthesized under solvothermal conditions by using a linear thienothiophene‐containing dicarboxylate ligand, 3,4‐dimethylthieno [2,3‐b]‐thiophene‐2,5‐dicar‐boxylic acid (H2DMTDC). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that Cd‐MOF exhibits a 3D anionic framework with pcu α‐Po topology, featuring rectangle and rhombus‐shaped channels along b‐ and c‐ axis direction. Cd‐MOF demonstrates selective adsorption of cationic dyes over anionic and neutral dyes. Additionally, Tb3+‐loaded Cd‐MOF serves as a fast‐response fluorescence sensor for the sensitive detection of Fe3+ ions with a low limit of detection (8.90×10−7 M) through fluorescence quenching.
The detection of ACTH and insulin in equine plasma by solid‐phase extraction and micro‐flow LC/MSMS
Authors: Steel Rohan , Timms Mark , Bamford Nicholas , Spence Robert , Sillence Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrevious liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) methods for the detection of insulin and other similar peptide hormones in equine plasma relied on the use of antibody affinity extraction. As a result, these methods were not suitable for routine high‐throughput analysis. A solid‐phase extraction (SPE) method incorporating size exclusion as well as reversed‐phase interactions allows the selective extraction of peptide hormones such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), insulin and their synthetic analogues from equine plasma with approximately 80% extraction efficiencies. This extraction was combined with on‐column derivatisation with acetic anhydride, followed by tryptic digestion and analysis by micro‐LC/MSMS for high‐sensitivity peptide hormone detection. The analysis of tryptic peptides provides greater sensitivity and more robust chromatography compared with the analysis of intact insulin and ACTH. For quantitative analysis, isotopically labelled internal standards of target peptides can be prepared in the laboratory through the use of deuterated acetic anhydride. The utility of the method was assessed for the analysis of ACTH and insulin in samples from horses suffering from pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID).
Rainfall, peak river flow and flow variability drive spatio‐temporal change in the extent of riparian woodland in an African protected area savanna
Authors: Weiss J. A. , Cramer M. D. , Thompson D. I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVerbal accounts, supported by limited ground‐based and satellite images, reveal decreasing riparian woodland and a loss of large trees along the rivers of the Kruger National Park (KNP, South Africa) over the last century. A multi‐decadal analysis was conducted to identify trends in extent and possible drivers of riparian woodland change. Aerial and satellite imagery (1936–2018) were used to quantify changes in the extent of riparian woodland at 18 sites on 14 rivers in KNP. These changes were compared in a multivariate time‐series with river flow and local rainfall. Particular attention was paid to cumulative flow effects, as well as the frequency and magnitude of large infrequent disturbances such as droughts and floods. Riparian tree cover fluctuated over the time period, and the trajectory of change varied between sites. Most (11) sites experienced a decrease in overall riparian tree cover over ~80 years, with these declines being significant at six sites. Peak flow and maximum rainfall events were strongly associated with these decreases, indicating that flood events are potentially the biggest driver of tree loss from the system. Indeed, the mega‐flood event of 2000 and subsequent large floods have resulted in substantial declines in riparian woodland extent in recent decades. Alternatively, flow variability and cumulative rainfall significantly influenced woodland expansion in isolated cases. With global change models predicting more erratic rainfall and an increased likelihood of large infrequent disturbances, together with increasing demands to abstract more water, the long‐term future of these dynamic habitats and their associated biota here is uncertain.
Growing degree‐days do not explain moth species' distributions at broad scales
Authors: Keefe Hannah E. , Kharouba Heather M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGrowing degree‐days (GDD), an estimate of an organism's growing season length, has been shown to be an important predictor of Lepidopteran species' distributions and could be influencing Lepidopteran range shifts to climate change. Yet, one understudied simplification in this literature is that the same thermal threshold is used in the calculations of GDD for all species instead of a species‐specific threshold. By characterizing the phenological process influenced by climate, a species‐specific estimate of GDD should improve the accuracy of species distribution models (SDMs). To test this hypothesis, we used published, experimentally estimated thermal thresholds and modeled the current geographic distribution of 30 moth species native to North America. We found that the predictive performance of models based on a species‐specific estimate of GDD was indistinguishable from models based on a standard estimate of GDD. This is likely because GDD was not an important predictor of these species' distributions. Our findings suggest that experimentally estimated thermal thresholds may not always scale up to be predictive at broad scales and that more work is needed to leverage the data from lab experiments into SDMs to accurately predict species' range shifts in response to climate change.
Epileptic seizure forecasting with wearable‐based nocturnal sleep features
Authors: Ding Tian Yue , Gagliano Laura , Jahani Amirhossein , Toffa Denahin H. , Nguyen Dang K. , Bou Assi Elie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveNon‐invasive biomarkers have recently shown promise for seizure forecasting in people with epilepsy. In this work, we developed a seizure‐day forecasting algorithm based on nocturnal sleep features acquired using a smart shirt.MethodsSeventy‐eight individuals with epilepsy admitted to the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal epilepsy monitoring unit wore the Hexoskin biometric smart shirt during their stay. The shirt continuously measures electrocardiography, respiratory, and accelerometry activity. Ten sleep features, including sleep efficiency, sleep latency, sleep duration, time spent in non‐rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM), wakefulness after sleep onset, average heart and breathing rates, high‐frequency heart rate variability, and the number of position changes, were automatically computed using the Hexoskin sleep algorithm. Each night's features were then normalized using a reference night for each patient. A support vector machine classifier was trained for pseudo‐prospective seizure‐day forecasting, with forecasting horizons of 16‐ and 24‐h to include both diurnal and nocturnal seizures (24‐h) or diurnal seizures only (16‐h). The algorithm's performance was assessed using a nested leave‐one‐patient‐out cross‐validation approach.ResultsImprovement over chance (IoC) performances were achieved for 48.7% and 40% of patients with the 16‐ and 24‐h forecasting horizons, respectively. For patients with IoC performances, the proposed algorithm reached mean IoC, sensitivity and time in warning of 34.3%, 86.0%, and 51.7%, respectively for the 16‐h horizon, and 34.2%, 64.4% and 30.2%, respectively, for the 24‐h horizon.SignificanceSmart shirt‐based nocturnal sleep analysis holds promise as a non‐invasive approach for seizure‐day forecasting in a subset of people with epilepsy. Further investigations, particularly in a residential setting with long‐term recordings, could pave the way for the development of innovative and practical seizure forecasting devices.Plain Language SummarySeizure forecasting with wearable devices may improve the quality of life of people living with epilepsy who experience unpredictable, recurrent seizures. In this study, we have developed a seizure forecasting algorithm using sleep characteristics obtained from a smart shirt worn at night by a large number of hospitalized patients with epilepsy (78). A daily seizure forecast was generated following each night using machine learning methods. Our results show that around half of people with epilepsy may benefit from such an approach.
Drug delivery pathways to the central nervous system via the brain glymphatic system circumventing the blood‐brain barrier
Authors: Wang Xiang , Yin Yue , Zhou Huaijuan , Chi Bowen , Guan Ling , Li Pei , Li Jinhua , Wang Yilong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe blood‐brain barrier (BBB) poses daunting challenges in treating diseases associated with the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, the traditional notion of the absence of the lymphatic system in the brain is evolving. The discovery of the glymphatic system in the brain has stimulated tremendous interest in developing new strategies for the treatment of CNS diseases. Leveraging the glymphatic system for CNS drug delivery may pave a new avenue to circumvent the BBB and achieve efficient drug delivery. The review focuses on the glymphatic system of the brain, discussing potential factors affecting its functions and exploring their connections with the meningeal lymphatic system. Finally, the review provides an overview of the drug delivery methods through the glymphatic system to circumvent BBB and regulate brain immunity. These innovative drug delivery methods may significantly improve drug utilization and create new avenues for the treatment of brain diseases.
Exploring developmental MeHg impact on extraembryonic and cardiac vessels and its effect on cardiomyocyte contractility
Authors: Ronconi‐Krüger Nathália , Müller Yara Maria Rauh , Nazari Evelise Maria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe toxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) during embryonic development is a relevant issue that remains unclear and deserves investigation. In this sense, there is evidence that links the intake of contaminated food with cardiovascular pathologies in human adults and children. Thus, this study aimed to verify the impact of MeHg on the structure and integrity of extraembryonic and cardiac blood vessels and the contractile function of cardiomyocytes, also evaluating embryonic weight and the cardiosomatic index (CSI). Thus, chicken embryos, used as an experimental model, were exposed to a single dose of 0.1 μg MeHg/50 μl saline at E1.5 and analyzed at E10. After exposure, an increase in the number of extraembryonic blood vessels and the veins of the cardiac tissue was observed. These increases were accompanied by a reduction in the content of VEGF and VCAM proteins related to vessel growth and adhesiveness. Together, these results were related to reduced nitrite (NOx) levels. Furthermore, MeHg reduces the number of sarcomeres and increases the content of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a protein that regulates contraction. In general, exposure to MeHg affected the integrity of extraembryonic and cardiac vessels and the contractile function of cardiomyocytes, which had a systemic impact evidenced by the reduction in embryonic weight gain and CSI.
A planar broadband substrate‐integrated waveguide 1 × 2 array antenna for the Ka‐band wireless communication
Authors: Chung Ming‐An , Lin Chia‐Wei , Meiy Ing‐Peng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article proposes a Ka‐band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) quasi‐Yagi array antenna with the advantages of thinness, compactness, wide bandwidth, and higher gain. Analyzing the microstrip‐to‐SIW transition structure to confirm that the designed structure provides the best performance, the optimum reflectance coefficient bandwidth can be obtained. With the optimized rectangular etched slot structure at the antenna end, the impedance matching can be tuned to improve the bandwidth. The designed array antenna is fabricated and measured for verification. The substrate is based on Al2O3 ceramic and the antenna size is 23.3 mm 13 mm 0.5 mm. The measurement results indicate that the antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 13.59% below −10dB, with an average gain of approximately 7 dBi and a peak gain of 7.4 dBi in 28.1–32.2 GHz. Therefore, the 1*2 antenna proposed in this paper has the advantages of compact and planar structure, easy fabrication, and easy integration into RF circuits, which is very suitable for Ka‐Band applications.
High‐resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance of donor pancreatic tissue may predict islet viability prior to isolation
Authors: Slupsky Carolyn M. , Sykes Brian D. , Lakey Jonathan R. T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus complicated by severe hypoglycemia, clinical islet transplantation is an efficacious alternative to whole pancreas transplantation. While islet transplantation has improved over the last few years, there remain questions regarding its cost‐effectiveness and donor allosensitization, which is exacerbated when islets from more than one donor are required. Understanding the features of a pancreas that would provide viable islets prior to isolation may lead to development of an accurate assay that could identify suitable pancreases and provide significant cost savings to a clinical islet transplantation program. In this pilot study, solid‐state high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to assess samples of convenience of human pancreatic tissue taken prior to islet isolation both before and after incubation using the two‐layer perfluorocarbon (PFC)/University of Wisconsin (UW) solution cold‐storage method. We observed that, prior to incubation, human pancreatic tissue exhibited evidence of hypoxia with decreased peak integrals associated with glucose and increased peak integrals corresponding to lactate and free fatty acids. After incubation, we observed a reversal of the hypoxia‐induced damage, as integrals corresponding to glucose increased, and those corresponding to lactate and free fatty acid resonances decreased. Interestingly, a significant correlation between the ratio of the glucose integral (at 3.0–4.5 ppm) to the sum of the fatty acid (at 0.9 ppm) and lactate + fatty acid (at 1.3 ppm) integrals and glucose responsiveness, a measure of islet viability, of the isolated islets, was observed after incubation in PFC/UW solution for pancreases that responded to PFC/UW solution incubation (p = 0.02). Notably, pancreases with little or no change in the integral ratio after PFC/UW solution incubation had poor recovery. These results suggest that tissue recovery is a key feature for determining islet cell viability, and further that HRMAS NMR may be a practical method to quickly assess human donor pancreatic tissue prior to islet isolation for clinical transplantation.
Correlations of factors associated with job values, job stress and job satisfaction among hospital nursing assistants
Authors: Chen Yi‐ Chen , Wu Fei‐Ling , Su Hsiu‐Ya , Weng Chih‐Erh , Yu Wen‐Pin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the correlation between job values, job stress, and job satisfaction among nursing assistants in a hospital setting.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsData were collected from nursing assistants working in a regional hospital and a medical center in Northern Taiwan. A self‐rated structured questionnaire was used to collect data on participants' demographic characteristics, job values, job stress, and job satisfaction. Descriptive statistics, t test, one‐way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression were used for data analysis.ResultsA total of 135 questionnaires were distributed; of them, 132 were returned, resulting in a response rate of 97.8%. The average age of the participants was 57.08 ± 5.86 years, with the majority being female, high school educated, and married. Most participants (70%) had >5 years of experience in working as nursing assistants. The average job satisfaction score of was 63.63, indicating a moderate level of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction exhibited a significantly positive correlation with job values but a significantly negative correlation with job stress. Job value was negatively correlated with job stress. Stepwise regression revealed that job values significantly explained the variance in job satisfaction among hospital nursing assistants.ConclusionsNursing assistants are integral to clinical practice. To enhance their job satisfaction and professional development, health‐care institutions and policymakers should implement strategies such as providing continual training, offering recognition and rewards to enhance sense of accomplishment.Patient or Public ContributionThis study involves no patient or public contribution.
Intensive care unit dignified care: Persian translation and psychometric evaluation
Authors: Jalali Amir , Darvishi Niloufar , Kalhory Parnia , Merati Fateme , Vatandost Salam , Moradi Khalil 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the ‘Intensive Care Unit Dignified Care Questionnaire (IDCQ)’ among Iranian nurses.DesignA methodological and psychometric study was conducted in 2022, involving nurses from six teaching hospitals in Kermanshah, Western Iran.MethodsThe IDCQ was translated into Persian using a forward‐backward translation method. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), employing a stratified sampling method with 455 critical care nurses. Internal consistency was gauged using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, while reliability was determined through the test–retest method. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 26 and Lisrel version 8 software.ResultsEFA and CFA validated the instrument's two‐factor, 17‐item structure. The CFA indicated a well‐fitting model with fit indices: CFI = 0.93, NNFI = 0.92, GFI = 0.861, RMSEA = 0.051 and SRMR = 0.046. Pearson's correlation coefficient substantiated a significant relationship between the items, subscales and the overall scale. The instrument's reliability was confirmed by a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.88 and a test–retest reliability of 0.86.ConclusionThe Persian version of the IDCQ, comprising two factors and 17 items, has been validated as a reliable and applicable tool for use within the Iranian nursing community.