bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marxist Critiques of the Developmental State and the Fetishism of National Development
Authors: Song Hae‐Yung 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe developmental state has been heavily discussed in various disciplines and across diverse political spectrums. However, the statist notion formulated by institutionalists that the developmental state is autonomous from society and therefore effective in achieving “national development” has more often been taken for granted than problematised. The statist notion of the developmental state has also been accepted and reproduced or challenged merely inadequately by Marxist critics. By analysing how and why currently available Marxist assessments of the developmental state fail to challenge statism, this article offers an alternative theory of the developmental state by drawing on both social form critique and world system analysis. It then locates the origins of statism itself in the dynamics of global capitalism, in which the totality of capitalist social relations (understood as global from its inception) are hierarchically and unevenly constituted. From this it extends Marx's critique of commodity fetishism to the question of the international (the relationship between the nation state and world market) and criticises the statist notion of the developmental state from the perspective of a critique of the fetishism of national development.
The Spiral Groove Bearing as a Mechanism for Enhancing the Secondary Flow in a Centrifugal Rotary Blood Pump
Authors: Amaral Felipe , Groß‐Hardt Sascha , Timms Daniel , Egger Christina , Steinseifer Ulrich , Schmitz‐Rode Thomas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe rapid evolution of rotary blood pump (RBP) technology in the last few decades was shaped by devices with increased durability, frequently employing magnetic or hydrodynamic suspension techniques. However, the potential for low flow in small gaps between the rotor and pump casing is still a problem for hemocompatibility. In this study, a spiral groove hydrodynamic bearing (SGB) is applied with two distinct objectives: first, as a mechanism to enhance the washout in the secondary flow path of a centrifugal RBP, lowering the exposure to high shear stresses and avoiding thrombus formation; and second, as a way to allow smaller gaps without compromising the washout, enhancing the overall pump efficiency. Computational fluid dynamics was applied and verified via bench‐top experiments. An optimization of selected geometric parameters (groove angle, width and depth) focusing on the washout in the gap rather than generating suspension force was conducted. An optimized SGB geometry reduced the residence time of the cells in the gap from 31 to 27 ms, an improvement of 14% compared with the baseline geometry of 200 μm without grooves. When optimizing for pump performance, a 15% smaller gap yielded a slightly better rate of fluid exchange compared with the baseline, followed by a 22% reduction in the volumetric loss from the primary pathway. Finally, an improved washout can be achieved in a pulsatile environment due to the SGB ability to pump inwardly, even in the absence of a pressure head.
The physiological response of protease inhibition in dystrophic muscle
Authors: Hollinger K. , Selsby J. T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the production of a non‐functional dystrophin gene product and a failure to accumulate functional dystrophin protein in muscle cells. This leads to membrane instability, loss of Ca2+ homoeostasis and widespread cellular injury. Associated with these changes are increased protease activities in a variety of proteolytic systems. As such, there have been numerous investigations directed towards determining the therapeutic potential of protease inhibition. In this review, evidence from genetic and/or pharmacological inhibition of proteases as a treatment strategy for DMD is systematically evaluated. Specifically, we review the potential roles of calpain, proteasome, caspase, matrix metalloproteinase and serine protease inhibition as therapeutic approaches for DMD. We conclude that despite early results to the contrary, inhibition of calpain proteases is unlikely to be successful. Conversely, evidence suggests that inhibition of proteasome, matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteases does appear to decrease disease severity. An important caveat to these conclusions, however, is that the fundamental cause of DMD, dystrophin deficiency, is not corrected by this strategy. Hence, this should not be viewed as a cure, but rather, protease inhibitors should be considered for inclusion in a therapeutic cocktail. Physiological Relevance. Selective modulation of protease activity has the potential to profoundly change intracellular physiology resulting in a possible treatment for DMD. However, alteration of protease activities could also lead to worsening of disease progression by promoting the accumulation of substrates in the cell. The balance of benefit and potential damage caused by protease inhibition in human DMD patients is largely unexplored.
Partly Conditional Estimation of the Effect of a Time‐Dependent Factor in the Presence of Dependent Censoring
Authors: Gong Qi , Schaubel Douglas E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSummaryWe propose semiparametric methods for estimating the effect of a time‐dependent covariate on treatment‐free survival. The data structure of interest consists of a longitudinal sequence of measurements and a potentially censored survival time. The factor of interest is time‐dependent. Treatment‐free survival is of interest and is dependently censored by the receipt of treatment. Patients may be removed from consideration for treatment, temporarily or permanently. The proposed methods combine landmark analysis and partly conditional hazard regression. A set of calendar time cross‐sections is specified, and survival time (from cross‐section date) is modeled through weighted Cox regression. The assumed model for death is marginal in the sense that time‐varying covariates are taken as fixed at each landmark, with the mortality hazard function implicitly averaging across future covariate trajectories. Dependent censoring is overcome by a variant of inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW). The proposed estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal, with consistent covariance estimators provided. Simulation studies reveal that the proposed estimation procedures are appropriate for practical use. We apply the proposed methods to pre‐transplant mortality among end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) patients.
Hinterland basin development and infilling through tectonic and eustatic processes: latest Messinian‐Gelasian Valdelsa Basin, Northern Apennines, Italy
Authors: Benvenuti M. , Del Conte S. , Scarselli N. , Dominici S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article reports a stratigraphic and structural analysis of the Neogene‐Quaternary Valdelsa Basin (Central Italy), filled with up to 1000 m of uppermost Miocene to lower Pleistocene strata. The succession is subdivided into seven unconformity‐bounded stratigraphic units (synthems, or large‐scale depositional sequences) that include fluvio‐deltaic and shallow‐marine deposits. Structures related to basin shoulders and internal boundaries controlled the Neogene location and geometry of different depocentres. During the Tortonian‐Messinian, a buried NE‐trending high related to regional, basin‐transverse lineaments separated two adjacent sub‐basins. During the lower Pliocene, compressional displacement along NW‐trending, thrust‐related highs controlled the distribution of depocentres and dispersal of sediment. Extensional tectonics, although previously considered the dominant deformation style affecting the rear of the Northern Apennines since the late Miocene, is no longer considered a dominant control on tectono‐sedimentary development of the Valdelsa basin. Instead, the Valdelsa Basin shares features with continental hinterland basins of orogenic belts where compression, extension, and transcurrent stress fields determine a complex spatial and temporal record of accommodation and sediment supply. In the Valdelsa Basin tectonics and eustatic sea‐level fluctuations were dominant in forcing the deposition of sedimentary cycles at several scales. Zanclean and Gelasian large‐scale depositional sequences were mainly controlled by crustal shortening, whereas a eustatic signal was preferentially recorded during the Piacenzian. Smaller scale depositional sequences, common to most synthems, were controlled by orbitally forced glacio‐eustatic cycles.
Genome‐wide association study of chemotherapeutic agent‐induced severe neutropenia/leucopenia for patients in Biobank Japan
Authors: Low Siew‐Kee , Chung Suyoun , Takahashi Atsushi , Zembutsu Hitoshi , Mushiroda Taisei , Kubo Michiaki , Nakamura Yusuke 
Published: May 2013

Chemotherapeutic agents are notoriously known to have a narrow therapeutic range that often results in life‐threatening toxicity. Hence, it is clinically important to identify the patients who are at high risk for severe toxicity to certain chemotherapy through a pharmacogenomics approach. In this study, we carried out multiple genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of 13 122 cancer patients who received different chemotherapy regimens, including cyclophosphamide‐ and platinum‐based (cisplatin and carboplatin), anthracycline‐based (doxorubicin and epirubicin), and antimetabolite‐based (5‐fluorouracil and gemcitabine) treatment, antimicrotubule agents (paclitaxel and docetaxel), and topoisomerase inhibitors (camptothecin and etoposide), as well as combination therapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin, to identify genetic variants that are associated with the risk of severe neutropenia/leucopenia in the Japanese population. In addition, we used a weighted genetic risk scoring system to evaluate the cumulative effects of the suggestive genetic variants identified from GWAS in order to predict the risk levels of individuals who carry multiple risk alleles. Although we failed to identify genetic variants that surpassed the genome‐wide significance level (P < 5.0 × 10−8) through GWAS, probably due to insufficient statistical power and complex clinical features, we were able to shortlist some of the suggestive associated loci. The current study is at the relatively preliminary stage, but does highlight the complexity and problematic issues associated with retrospective pharmacogenomics studies. However, we hope that verification of these genetic variants through local and international collaborations could improve the clinical outcome for cancer patients.
Tumor associated macrophage expressing CD204 is associated with tumor aggressiveness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shigeoka Manabu , Urakawa Naoki , Nakamura Tetsu , Nishio Mari , Watajima Taketo , Kuroda Daisuke , Komori Takahide , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Semba Shuho , Yokozaki Hiroshi 
Published: May 2013

Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant cancer stromal cells educated by tumor microenvironment to acquire trophic functions facilitating angiogenesis, matrix breakdown and cancer cell motility. Tumor associated macrophages have anti‐inflammatory properties or “alternatively” activated (M2) phenotype expressing CD204 and/or CD163. To know the role of TAMs in the growth and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs), we calculated intratumoral CD204, CD163 or CD68 expressing macrophage count (MϕC) and CD34‐positive microvessel density (MVD) by immunohistochemistry in 70 cases of surgically resected ESCCs and compared them with the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of patients. MϕC had positive linear association with MVD. High CD204+ MϕC were significantly correlated with more malignant phenotypes including depth of tumor invasion, lymph and blood vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis as well as clinical stages. On the other hand, CD163+ MϕC did not associate with these clinicopathological factors with the exception of depth of tumor invasion and blood vessel invasion. Patients with high CD204+ MϕC ESCCs showed poor disease‐free survival (P = 0.021). Conditioned media of five ESCC cell lines (TE‐8, ‐9, ‐10, ‐11 and ‐15) induced mRNA as well as protein expression of CD204 but not of CD163 with upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor‐A mRNA in TPA treated human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP‐1. These results overall indicate that CD204 is a useful marker for TAMs contributing to the angiogenesis, progression and prognosis of ESCCs whose specific tumor microenvironment may educate macrophages to be CD204+ M2 TAMs.
Adolescents' Increasing Stress Response to Social Evaluation: Pubertal Effects on Cortisol and Alpha‐Amylase During Public Speaking
Authors: van den Bos Esther , de Rooij Mark , Miers Anne C. , Bokhorst Caroline L. , Westenberg P. Michiel 
Published: May 2013

Stress responses to social evaluation are thought to increase during adolescence, which may be due to pubertal maturation. However, empirical evidence is scarce. This study is the first to investigate the relation between pubertal development and biological responses to a social‐evaluative stressor longitudinally. Participants performed the Leiden Public Speaking Task twice, with a 2‐year interval (N = 217; age at Time 1: 8–17 years). The results support an increase in sensitivity to social evaluation during adolescence. The overall cortisol and alpha‐amylase responses increased—both between and within participants—and were more strongly related to self‐reported pubertal development than to age. The cortisol response shifted from speech delivery toward anticipation. The alpha‐amylase response increased in both phases.
Patterns of recurrence of obstructing colon cancers after surgery for cure: a population‐based study
Authors: Cortet M. , Grimault A. , Cheynel N. , Lepage C. , Bouvier A. M. , Faivre J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimLittle is known about patterns of recurrence in obstructing colon cancer (OCC) at a population level. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of recurrence following potentially curative surgery in OCC compared with that in uncomplicated colon cancer (CC).MethodData were obtained from the population‐based digestive cancer registry of Burgundy (France). Local and distant failure rates were calculated using actuarial methods. A multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox model.ResultsObstructing colon cancer represented 8.5% of all colon cancers resected with curative intent (n = 3375). The 5‐year cumulative local recurrence rate was 14.2% for OCC and 7.6% for nonobstructing CC (P = 0.003). In the multivariate analysis, obstruction was an independent risk factor for local recurrence [hazard ratio 1.53 (1.01–2.34), P = 0.047]. The risk of local recurrence increased with advanced stage and age at diagnosis. The 5‐year cumulative rate for distant metastases was also higher in OCC than in nonobstructing CC (36.1 vs 23.1%; P < 0.001). The relative risk of distant metastasis was borderline significant in the multivariate analysis [hazard ratio 1.25 (0.99–1.59), P = 0.057]. Stage at diagnosis, macroscopic type of growth, period of diagnosis and sex were also significant prognostic factors. Age and subsite were not significant in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionIt is possible to conduct special surveys in population‐based registries to determine the recurrence rate of CC. Recurrence remains a substantial problem and is more frequent in OCC than in nonobstructing CC. Efforts must be made to diagnose CC earlier. Mass screening is a promising approach.
Are 25 SNPs from the CARDIoGRAM study associated with ischaemic stroke?
Authors: Lövkvist H. , Sjögren M. , Höglund P. , Engström G. , Jern C. , Olsson S. , Smith J. G. , Hedblad B. , Andsberg G. , Delavaran H. , Jood K. , Kristoffersson U. , Norrving B. , Melander O. , Lindgren A. 
Published: May 2013

Background and purposeThe Coronary Artery Disease Genome‐Wide Replication and Meta‐Analysis Study (CARDIoGRAM) reported 25 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 15 chromosomes to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Because common vascular risk factors are shared between CAD and ischaemic stroke (IS), these SNPs may also be related to IS overall or one or more of its pathogenetic subtypes.MethodsWe performed a candidate gene study comprising 3986 patients with IS and 2459 control subjects. The 25 CAD‐associated SNPs reported by CARDIoGRAM were examined by allelic association analysis including logistic regression. Weighted and unweighted genetic risk scores (GRSs) were also compiled and likewise analysed against IS. We furthermore considered the IS main subtypes large‐vessel disease (LVD), small‐vessel disease and cardioembolic stroke [according to Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST)] separately.ResultsSNP rs4977574 on chromosome 9p21.3 was associated with overall IS [odds ratio (OR) = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.20; P = 0.002] as well as LVD (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.13–1.64; P = 0.001). No other SNP was significantly associated with IS or any of its main subtypes. Analogously, the GRSs did not show any noticeable effect.ConclusionsBesides the previously reported association with SNPs on chromosome 9p21, this study did not detect any significant association between IS and CAD‐susceptible genetic variants. Also, GRSs compiled from these variants did not predict IS or any pathogenetic IS subtype, despite a total sample size of 6445 participants.
Specific inhibition of PI3K p110δ inhibits CSF‐1‐induced macrophage spreading and invasive capacity
Authors: Mouchemore Kellie A. , Sampaio Natalia G. , Murrey Michael W. , Stanley E. Richard , Lannutti Brian J. , Pixley Fiona J. 
Published: May 2013

Colony stimulating factor‐1 (CSF‐1) stimulates mononuclear phagocytic cell survival, growth and differentiation into macrophages through activation and autophosphorylation of the CSF‐1 receptor (CSF‐1R). We have previously demonstrated that CSF‐1‐induced phosphorylation of Y721 (pY721) in the receptor kinase insert triggers its association with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3′‐kinase (PI3K). Binding of p85 PI3K to the CSF‐1R pY721 motif activates the associated p110 PI3K catalytic subunit and stimulates spreading and motility in macrophages and enhancement of tumor cell invasion. Here we show that pY721‐based signaling is necessary for CSF‐1‐stimulated PtdIns(3,4,5)P production. While primary bone marrow‐derived macrophages and the immortalized bone marrow‐derived macrophage cell line M−/−.WT express all three class IA PI3K isoforms, p110δ predominates in the cell line. Treatment with p110δ‐specific inhibitors demonstrates that the hematopoietically enriched isoform, p110δ, mediates CSF‐1‐regulated spreading and invasion in macrophages. Thus GS‐1101, a potent and selective p110δ inhibitor, may have therapeutic potential by targeting the infiltrative capacity of tumor‐associated macrophages that is critical for their enhancement of tumor invasion and metastasis.
Tankyrases as drug targets
Authors: Lehtiö Lari , Chi Nai‐Wen , Krauss Stefan 
Published: May 2013

Tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2 are poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ases that are distinguishable from other members of the enzyme family by the structural features of the catalytic domain, and the presence of a sterile α‐motif multimerization domain and an ankyrin repeat protein‐interaction domain. Tankyrases are implicated in a multitude of cellular functions, including telomere homeostasis, mitotic spindle formation, vesicle transport linked to glucose metabolism, Wnt–β‐catenin signaling, and viral replication. In these processes, tankyrases interact with target proteins, catalyze poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation, and regulate protein interactions and stability. The proposed roles of tankyrases in disease‐relevant cellular processes have made them attractive drug targets. Recently, several inhibitors have been identified. The selectivity and potency of these small molecules can be rationalized by how they fit within the NAD+‐binding groove of the catalytic domain. Some molecules bind to the nicotinamide subsite, such as generic diphtheria toxin‐like ADP‐ribosyltransferase inhibitors, whereas others bind to a distinct adenosine subsite that diverges from other diphtheria toxin‐like ADP‐ribosyltransferases and confers specificity. A highly potent dual‐site inhibitor is also available. Within the last few years, tankyrase inhibitors have proved to be useful chemical probes and potential lead compounds, especially for specific cancers.
Differential scanning calorimetry evaluation of oxidation stability of docosahexaenoic acid in microalgae cells and their extracts
Authors: Santagapita Patricio , Rosa Silvina , Mazzobre María Florencia , Cueto Mario , de Pilar Buera María , Galvagno Miguel 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe aim of this work was to evaluate the oxidative stability of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21 microalgae cells and in their lipidic extract by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Besides, freezing was evaluated as a strategy for microalgal DHA long‐term conservation by analysing changes in their thermal properties. As a first approach, mixtures of the most representative A. limacinum SR21‐fatty acids were evaluated in model systems. DHA and palmitic acid were the major polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids produced by the microalgae cells, respectively. Changes in DHA/palmitic acid ratio in model systems, in cells and their lipidic extracts, were detected by DSC through shifts in the oxidation onset temperature (OOT) values. However, OOT values of cells and lipidic extracts could be also influenced by cellular compartmentalisation, carotenoids and other components presence. Freezing was not a good strategy for DHA long‐term conservation, as revealed by OOT values and thermal properties, which reflected the extensive changes that occurred during storage.
Physical properties of a barley protein/nano‐clay composite film containing grapefruit seed extract and antimicrobial benefits for packaging of Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Shin Yoon‐Ji , Song Hye‐Yeon , Jo Wan‐Shin , Lee Mi‐Ja , Song Kyung Bin 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBarley protein (BP) was extracted from barley flour, and a BP film was prepared. To improve the physical properties of the BP film, nano‐clay was incorporated. Among the films prepared, the composite film containing 4% BP/1% Cloisite Na+ had the best physical property. The composite film containing grapefruit seed extract (GSE) was prepared and used as a packaging film for the button mushroom. Packing of the mushroom with this film inhibited microbial growth during storage. After 7 days of storage, packaging of mushrooms with the film containing 0.7% GSE reduced the populations of total aerobic bacteria and yeast and moulds by 0.95 and 0.58 log CFU/g, respectively, compared with the control. These results suggest that the BP/Cloisite Na+ film containing GSE can be used as an environment‐friendly packaging for maintaining mushroom quality during storage.