bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Legislation of Islamic Jurisprudence: A Dialogue between Opponents and Proponents
Authors: Ahmadi Amir 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIjtihād, either individual or collective, has been controversial from the very beginning with respect to what extent the legislation of verdicts by Muslim jurists is allowed. There are two main opinions about taqnīn, i.e., the legislation of Islamic jurisprudence. The majority of Saudi scholars say that it is ḥarām i.e., legally forbidden in Islamic Sharīʿa, whereas the majority of Egyptian jurists are of the opinion that it is essential and needed in the modern period. Most Muslim countries follow the Egyptian view by enforcing written constitutions and laws. The conclusion from the comparative study of arguments is that it is somehow better that there be no taqnīn. The evidence and arguments presented bythose scholars who argue for doing away with taqnīn seem more convincing because their basis is sharīʿa rulings and they also provide logical, historical, and observable evidence as well, whereas the other side proves it case by quoting general principles from Maṣlaḥa, Sadd al-Dharāʾiʿ, and Istiḥsān, and most of their arguments are based on experience, logic, and demonstrable proofs and do not provide enough Sharīʿa support. Historically, however, we have seen and how skillfully and exquisitely Sharīʿa Courts have worked in the past 13 centuries without taqnīn.
Critical discussion of concrete additives influence on corrosion behavior of galvanized steel
Authors: Pokorný P. 
Published: May 2015

Streszczenie
Přehledový článek sleduje vliv přídavku chemických látek do cementu na korozní chování žárově zinkované oceli v čerstvém betonu. Z hlediska původu je diskutován nejen vliv anorganických látek (chromanů a peroxidu vodíku), ale i skupiny organických látek (derivátů imidazolu a benzimidazolu). U jednotlivých látek je často popsán vliv jejich přídavku na soudržnost zinkované oceli s betonem v krátkých periodách jeho zrání. Probírány jsou i legislativní záležitosti spjaté s případným použitím těchto látek a jejich vliv na mechanické vlastnosti betonu.
The Impact of the Type of Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals on the Risk of their Translocation to the Consumption Parts of Maize
Authors: Stanisławska-Glubiak Ewa , Gołda Sylwia 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The purpose of the research was to examine the extent to which the type of soil co-contaminated with Cd, Pb and Zn affected the accumulation and distribution of these metals in maize; a crop that plays a significant role in feeding of animals and humans. Two 1-year microplot experiments were conducted using four types of soils. The soils were as follows: sandy soil with a low content of organic matter (S1), sandy soil of analogical granu-lometric composition, but with a higher content of organic mat-ter (S2), loess poor in organic matter (L1) and the same loess with its higher content (L2). The differences between the soils in terms of the availability of individual metals for maize and their transport from the roots to the aerial parts were evaluated on the basis of bioaccumulation factors (BF) and translocation indexes (TL). It was found that maize cultivation on the soil poorly pol-luted with Cd, Pb and Zn, regardless of its type, poses the dan-ger of translocation of these metals to the grains in the amounts exceeding the maximum limit in foods. However, the amount of metals accumulated in the grain, as well as in the cobs, do not exclude the use of these plant parts for feed.
The Analysis of the Exhaled Nitric Oxide in a Group of Patients with Asthma, Aged 3-18
Authors: Pirogowicz Iwona , Ceglecka Dominika , Gojny Łukasz , Patyk Mateusz , Frej-Mądrzak Magdalena , Popecki Paweł , Gąszczyk Grzegorz , Pawlas Krystyna 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the results of exhaled nitric oxide examination in a group of patients with hyper-responsive-ness. The study was performed on a group of 297 children who underwent spirometry, examination of exhaled nitric oxide, skin prick test and stress probe in years 2010-2012 in Pulmonology and Allergy Centre in Karpacz. Mean age of patients was 11.86. Patients were divided into four groups: with diagnosed asthma, with bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), with described asthma without BHR and a group with BHR without diagnosed asthma. The results of the study confirmed the presence of high-er amount of exhaled nitric oxide in patients with asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. The elevation of NO concen-tration correlated with age; there was no significant difference between sexes.
Social Innovations in the Field of Wastewater Treatment in Rural Areas
Authors: Eymontt Andrzej , Wierzbicki Krzysztof 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In order to meet social needs and create new social relations, the EU Commission classified under the concept of social innovations, development and implementation of new ideas (products, services, models). In rural areas, this kind of social needs is represented among others by the need of solving the issue of domestic wastewater treatment. The paper describes the imple-mentation of sewerage development program in Poland, as well as problems derived from large value variation of factors encoun-tered characterising the domestic sewage contamination. In view of the current state, the environmental risks due to improper use of domestic wastewater treatment technologies were specified.
Fiscal Cliff and other Topographical Metaphors
Authors: Đurović Tatjana 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Within the broad theoretical framework of the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor, in this paper we explore the figurativeness of a number of expressions (fiscal cliff, fiscal gorge, fiscal slope, etc.) pertaining to the most recent U.S. fiscal situation. We analyse the context-dependent use of the metaphorical linguistic expressions gathered via an Internet search and discuss to what extent they are motivated, that is, well-grounded.
Postposing and Information Structure in English and Farsi/Persian
Authors: Shafiei Soheila 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The term postposing denotes any construction in which a phrasal constituent appears to the right of its canonical position, leaving its initial position either empty or occupied by an expletive. Ward and Birner (2004) argue that postposed constructions preserve the old-before-new information structure paradigm in English. The present paper investigates postposed constituents in Persian to find out the information structure paradigm of such constructions. The data have been taken from 34 interviews. The findings show that various constituents might undergo postposing in spoken Farsi (known as Tehrani dialect), and, in contrast to English, NPs were found to be triggered in postposed position when the referent was hearer-old.
Translating the other: Marlow’S Discourse between Imperial Rhetoric and Primary Orality
Authors: Băniceru Ana Cristina 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The present paper attempts to see what determines Marlow’s difficulty to turn his Congolese experience into language. Therefore, I argue that Marlow’s storytelling collapses because at the core of his discourse there is the unknown semantic universe of the other. In the “heart of darkness”, on the banks of the Congo River, there stands an unknown language, the language of the natives which is known only by Kurtz. Thus it becomes impossible for Marlow to translate it and incorporate it in his story.
Desire for the other and the Iterable Identity in the Social Context: A Postmodern Reading of Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire
Authors: Hooti Noorbakhsh , Salehi Ali 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In postmodern outlook, the boundary between the different divisions made inside the mind is blurred. It is the Other of one’s self that indirectly defines the identity of a character or makes it abject. The purpose of this study is to recognize the adjustment identity of Blanche in “The Streetcar Named Desire” in diverse social contexts. The identity of Blanche is under surveillance through some key elements in the postmodern bedrock. The chains of signifiers that are produced by the considered character distinguish the mayhem of the mind that is trying to find a new identity in the altered social context. The study aims to unravel the desire for the Other or the hidden alter that is trying to adapt itself to the new environment while the character is unraveled as abject for the others in the special context. The dangling state of Blanche’s mind is exposed through multiple features of the concepts to embody the blurring border between the Other and the self.
A Mother’S Plight – Fear and Hope in Kamala Markandaya’S Nectar in a Sieve
Authors: Rogobete Daniela 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper dwells upon Kamala Markandaya’s construction of motherhood in postindependence rural India as depicted in her 1955 novel, “Nectar in a Sieve”. Caught between changing times, between colonial and postcolonial paradigms, perennial traditions and shifting values, different world views and cultural systems, Markandaya’s main character finds solace and strength in her philosophy of hope and endurance
"You Can't Get by Without the Dream": Belief in Julian Barnes's A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters
Authors: Tory Eszter 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a less examined dimension of Barnes’s writings, which is the dominant role that belief plays in the development of his characters in A History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters. The main argument of my essay is whether love can be considered as the most significant proposition of the novel. A content-based analysis of the novel’s “The Survivor” chapter demonstrates Barnes’ sceptic attitude towards postmodern rationalism, while the examination of "Parenthesis" and "Dream" chapter shows that hope, which becomes synonymous with belief in the novel, is actually the most permeating phenomenon in the novel.
Why Do Students Plagiarize? Efl Undergraduates’ Views on the Reasons Behind Plagiarism
Authors: Doró Katalin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Cheating and plagiarism spread like pandemics in many educational contexts and are difficulty to detect, fight and also to understand. The purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate what first-year students of English at a large Hungarian university believe to be the main reasons for plagiarism. Twenty-five students were asked to express their views in a free opinion essay. Perceived reasons were categorized into twelve main groups based on the literature and the reasons for plagiarism provided by faculty members at the same university. The most often mentioned reasons included saving time and effort and unintentional plagiarism.
Integrated Drought Management Programme in Central and Eastern Europe (IDMP CEE)
Authors: Kindler Janusz , Okruszko Tomasz 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Integrated Drought Management Programme in Central and Eastern Europe (IDMP CEE). The Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is one of the European regions seriously vulnerable to drought events and there is an urgent need in the region to develop better drought management systems. In February 2013 the Global Water Partnership for Central and Eastern Europe region launched the Integrated Drought Management Programme (IDMP CEE) involving more than 40 organizations from 10 CEE countries. The Programme is structured to provide both policy advice and practical solutions in drought management. The specific objectives of the IDMP CEE are to develop understanding, knowledge and planning for integrated drought management, map and assess the impact of droughts. Moreover, several case studies (demonstration projects) in pilot basins involving local communities are initiated. The national governments are supported to incorporate drought management in their national programs, develop monitoring framework and raise drought awareness through efficient dissemination mechanisms. All countries of the CEE region need to improve both their short-term and long-term responses across sectors to meteorological, agricultural and hydrological droughts. In spite of the fact that several basins in the region are of transboundary character, regional integration of drought monitoring and early warning is not at the level desired. Whilst the lack of water is the primary cause of drought, there are still a large number of factors which exacerbate and intensify its effects. If these factors - many of which have little to do with water per se - are adequately managed, the consequences of the lack of water can be greatly reduced. For example, there are several specific problems and challenges related to the current process of economic transition in the region, including macroeconomic and financial problems
Weekly urban water demand forecasting using a hybrid wavelet–bootstrap–artificial neural network approach
Authors: Adamowski Kaz , Adamowski Jan F. , Seidou Ousmane , Ozga-Zieliński Bogdan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Weekly urban water demand forecasting using a hybrid wavelet-bootstrap-artificial neural network approach. This study developed a hybrid wavelet-bootstrap-artificial neural network (WBANN) model for weekly (one week) urban water demand forecasting in situations with limited data availability. The proposed WBANN method is aimed at improving the accuracy and reliability of water demand forecasting. Daily maximum temperature, total precipitation and water demand data for almost three years were used in this study. It was concluded that the hybrid WBANN model was more accurate compared to the ANN, BANN and WANN methods, and can be applied successfully for operational water demand forecasting. The WBANN model simulated peak water demand very effectively. The better performance of the WBANN model indicated that wavelet analysis significantly improved the model’s performance, whereas the bootstrap technique improved the reliability of forecasts by producing ensemble forecasts. The WBANN model was also found to be effective in assessing the uncertainty associated with water demand forecasts in terms of confidence bands; this can be helpful in operational water demand forecasting.
Predicted small catchment responses to heavy rainfalls with SEGMO and two sets of model parameters
Authors: Krajewski Adam , Lee Hyosang , Hejduk Leszek , Banasik Kazimierz 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Predicted small catchment responses to heavy rainfalls with SEGMO and two sets of model parameters. The study tests the ability of hydrological part of SEGMO (SedimentGraph Model), i.e. lumped parametric rainfall-runoff procedure of SEGMO to simulate design storm runoff in a Korean catchment. The aim of the investigation is to predict responses of small catchment of the Jeungpyeong river, located in central part of South Korea, with the area of 133.6 km2, to 100-year rainfall events, applying SEGMO and using two parallel approaches for model parameter estimation. The fi rst approach is based on catchment characteristics and USDA-SCS procedures, which is suitable for ungauged basins, and the other one is based on rainfall-runoff measurements. The way of estimation of model parameters has been demonstrated. Finally, the model outputs are compared. The difference in largest peak discharges obtained from SEGMO with the two sets of model parameters, i.e. when estimated on the base of catchment characteristics and USDA-SCS procedures, and on the base of rainfall-runoff measurements were relatively small, approaching 37%. This investigation can be seen as checking the uncertainties in model parameter estimation and their infl uence on fl ood fl ows.
A FACTOR ANALYSIS OF ATTITUDE OF EDUCATION FRATERNITY TOWARDS THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN EFFECTIVE LEARNING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Authors: Kapoor Toran , Sharma Manisha 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Use of Technology is empowering teachers and students, and enhancing teaching and students’ achievement which has been highlighted in several studies. Well planned lessons integrating technology are often more engaging, memorable and inspiring to students (Tornabene, 1998). Attitudes refer to one’s positive or negative judgment about a concrete subject. Attitude is a major predictor of future use of technology. Student teachers have positive attitude and are highly enthusiastic about interactive whiteboards as an important feature of teaching and learning, and this motivated them to practice using the technology (Kennewell, & Morgan, 2003). The purpose is to create new opportunities in teaching and learning by integrating computer, multimedia, and network technologies. However, it is not clear whether use of this new technology will automatically result in effective learning or make students dependent on technology to learn. Will Students use Technology appropriately? The same doubts prevailed with the invention of the printing press, radio, and television. All of them have positively contributed in access to information that can be transformed into knowledge and wisdom thereafter. Proper use of technology can become an effective tool to enhance learning. This research is an attempt in understanding the attitude of teachers as well as students towards the role of technology in higher education. The study is based on primary data collected through a sample size of 130 units consisting of 100 students and 30 teachers from universities located in NCR, India. Factor analysis has been conducted to measure the attitude of the teachers and the students. The study was been conducted in NCR, India and leaves the scope of further research in Higher Education across the globe.
DIGITAL MUSICIANSHIP IN THE LATE MODERN CULTURE OF MEDIATION: THEORIZING A NEW PRAXIS FOR MUSIC EDUCATION FROM A PRAGMATIST VIEWPOINT
Authors: Väkevä Lauri 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
In this article, author examines how digital mediation may change the way musicianship is conceived in the late modernity. Author will discuss the theoretical implications of confronting this change in music education, suggesting that recognizing its creative potential may offer a renewed theoretical perspective in music education. Author will also argue that Deweyan pragmatism can offer a fruitful way to frame the central role of mediation in music education in the late modernity. The aim of this study is to discuss some ideas related to digital mediation and digital musicianship from the perspective of late modernity, as well as argue for a pragmatist theoretical approach for these issues. The article is philosophical; its main materials are literature of digital culture, mediation and music education.
European Identity and its Relationship to National and Ethnic Identities among Younger and Older Members of Ethnic Minority Groups
Authors: Waechter Natalia 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
European Identity and its Relationship to National and Ethnic Identities among Younger and Older Members of Ethnic Minority Groups. European identity is neither a new phenomenon nor a new concept. Yet, after almost three decades of research, this area is characterized by a wide variety of concepts and little empirical evidence. Existing studies in the area propose homogeneous concepts of societies and often disregard European identity among ethnic minorities and non-citizens. This paper addresses the gap in the literature and analyses European identity among 12 minority groups living in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries that have already become or might become EU members. The purpose of this study is to examine the choice of European identity and attitudes towards Europe in relation to other identities among respondents with an ethnic minority background. The paper addresses this question within the life-course perspective and examines differences in identity levels between the young and older cohorts of minority groups. For our analysis we have used a sample of 6800 members of ethnic minorities living in CEE (ENRIValues and Identities Survey). Our results indicate a stronger level of European orientation among minority young people in comparison to adults. Moreover, the study shows that while young minority cohorts manifest stronger levels of European identity than adults, their levels of national and ethnic identity are significantly lower. While adults consider their national identity to be more salient than European identity, young people give the two equal degrees of importance. At the same time, for both young people and adults, the results illustrate that European identity is compatible with both national and ethnic identities
An Application of Computer Vision Systems to Solve the Problem of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control
Authors: Aksenov Alexey Y. , Kuleshov Sergey V. , Zaytseva Alexandra A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper considers an approach for application of computer vision systems to solve the problem of unmanned aerial vehicle control. The processing of images obtained through onboard camera is required for absolute positioning of aerial platform (automatic landing and take-off, hovering etc.) used image processing on-board camera. The proposed method combines the advantages of existing systems and gives the ability to perform hovering over a given point, the exact take-off and landing. The limitations of implemented methods are determined and the algorithm is proposed to combine them in order to improve the efficiency.
Transferts au Panthéon : actualité d’un rituel daté
Authors: Garcia Patrick 
Published: May 2015

La « panthéonisation » nous apparaît à la fois comme un rituel immémorial et suranné. Pourtant, son sens a beaucoup changé, depuis la Révolution jusqu’aux sacralisations républicaines, et sous la V e République même, tous les présidents n’y ont pas eu recours. Que signifie aujourd’hui une telle cérémonie, et n’est-ce qu’une tentative de plus pour maintenir la stature présidentielle ?
Lucidité, obstination, amitiés : les vies politiques de Germaine Tillion
Authors: Mongin Olivier 
Published: May 2015

De l’Algérie à Ravensbrück, de l’ethnologie à la Résistance et à la guerre d’Algérie, Germaine Tillion est demeurée fidèle à ses idées et à une certaine conception du savoir et de l’engagement : privilégier l’action à plusieurs, refuser l’aveuglement idéologique, ne rien attendre des pouvoirs en place.