bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration: Results From a National Epidemiologic Survey
Authors: Okuda Mayumi , Olfson Mark , Wang Shuai , Rubio Jose M. , Xu Yang , Blanco Carlos 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study presents data on the association of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and rates of psychiatric disorders, and other correlates. Data were drawn from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States, 18 years and older, residing in households and group quarters. The sample comprised adults who reported being in a relationship within the past 12 months (N = 25,631). Of these, 1,677 individuals reported perpetrating IPV (4.2% in men, 7.0% in women). Compared to non‐IPV perpetrators, IPV perpetrators had greater odds of having any psychiatric disorder, 42.0% and 67.7%, respectively, OR = 2.89, 95% CI [2.51, 3.32]. After adjusting for the effects of nuisance variables, being younger, having an alcohol use disorder, a personality disorder, low levels of social support, and low income were associated with perpetration. Across a wide range of factors, IPV victimization itself had the strongest association with perpetration, AOR = 66.12, 95% CI [55.01, 79.48]. Mental health assessments of IPV perpetrators might offer an opportunity to identify and treat psychiatric disorders and improve the clinical course of conditions that can be affected by ongoing acts of violence.
Supramolecular Assembly‐Assisted Synthesis of Responsive Polymeric Materials with Controlled Chain Topologies
Authors: Hu Jinming , Liu Shiyong 
Published: January 2015

Tremendous developments, ranging from new synthetic strategies, properties, and novel functional applications, have emerged in the field of stimuli‐responsive polymeric materials. A variety of highly efficient chemical methodologies have been exploited to synthesize stimuli‐responsive polymers, aiming to control their molecular weight, polydispersity, chemical composition, monomer sequence, and chain topologies. Of particular interest is the emerging strategy of supramolecular assembly‐assisted polymer synthesis, which possesses combined advantages such as facile accessibility, design versatility, multifunctional integration, and promising functions. In this trend article, recent advances are elaborated concerning the fabrication of stimuli‐responsive functional polymers assisted by supramolecular self‐assembly. The fabrication of three main types of responsive polymers, namely, linear polymers, non‐linear shaped polymers, and crosslinked nanostructures, aided by templates of supramolecular assemblies will be discussed.
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Computing the nearest reversible Markov chain
Authors: Nielsen A. J. N. , Weber M. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryReversible Markov chains are the basis of many applications. However, computing transition probabilities by a finite sampling of a Markov chain can lead to truncation errors. Even if the original Markov chain is reversible, the approximated Markov chain might be non‐reversible and will lose important properties, like the real‐valued spectrum. In this paper, we show how to find the closest reversible Markov chain to a given transition matrix. It turns out that this matrix can be computed by solving a convex minimization problem. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term patterns in interpersonal behaviour amongst psychopathic patients in secure inpatient treatment: A follow‐up study
Authors: Draycott Simon , Short Roxanna , Kirkpatrick Tim 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPsychopathy is a disorder that is partly defined by with maladaptive interpersonal behaviour and has significant effects on treatment outcomes. A previous study (Draycott et al., ) found that higher levels of psychopathy led to a specific interpersonal ‘trajectory’ amongst patients in a secure psychiatric treatment programme during the first 9 months of their admission. In that programme, more psychopathic patients became increasingly dominant over time, and less psychopathic patients became increasingly hostile. This study is a longer‐term follow‐up and extension of that study, extending the window of observation to 33 months of treatment. It was found that the more psychopathic patients' increased dominance returned to baseline levels by 33 months, as did the less psychopathic patients' increased hostility. This suggests that treatment for this group is not idiopathic but leaves unanswered the question as to what these divergent trajectories represent. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance evaluation of haptic hand‐controllers in a robot‐assisted surgical system
Authors: Zareinia Kourosh , Maddahi Yaser , Ng Canaan , Sepehri Nariman , Sutherland Garnette R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis paper presents the experimental evaluation of three commercially available haptic hand‐controllers to evaluate which was more suitable to the participants.MethodsTwo surgeons and seven engineers performed two peg‐in‐hole tasks with different levels of difficulty. Each operator guided the end‐effector of a Kuka manipulator that held surgical forceps and was equipped with a surgical microscope. Sigma 7, HD2 and PHANToM Premium 3.0 hand‐controllers were compared. Ten measures were adopted to evaluate operators’ performances with respect to effort, speed and accuracy in completing a task, operator improvement during the tests, and the force applied by each haptic device.ResultsThe best performance was observed with the Premium 3.0; the hand‐piece was able to be held in a similar way to that used by surgeons to hold conventional tools.ConclusionsHand‐controllers with a linkage structure similar to the human upper extremity take advantage of the inherent human brain connectome, resulting in improved surgeon performance during robotic‐assisted surgery. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anteromedial and posterolateral graft kinematics of a double‐bundle ACL reconstruction: a 3D computer simulation
Authors: Liu Xudong , Li Jing‐Sheng , Hosseini Ali , Gill Thomas J. , Li Guoan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe posterolateral graft has been reported to fail more frequently than the anteromedial graft in double‐bundle ACL reconstructions. This study investigated the graft kinematics using a 3D modelling technique.MethodsTwenty subjects performed a stair‐ascending activity under dual fluoroscopy surveillance. A double‐bundle ACL reconstruction was simulated on those healthy knees using an anteromedial portal technique. The graft–tunnel interaction was described using the graft–tunnel angle and the range of the graft–tunnel edge contact (GTEC).ResultsThe femoral graft–tunnel angle of the anteromedial/posterolateral graft was 97.6 ± 7.5/100.7 ± 7.7° and the tibial graft–tunnel angle was 158.8 ± 6.5/146.5 ± 8.9° at knee extension. The femoral GTEC ranges were 23.2 ± 5.3–28.1 ± 7.6° for both grafts and the tibial GTEC ranges were 27.3 ± 2.2–34.5 ± 2.1° during stair‐ascending.ConclusionThe femoral graft–tunnel angle was larger than on the tibial side and the GTEC angles influenced the PL graft more, implying that grafts may experience a less optimal biomechanical environment at the femoral tunnels. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network representations of immune system complexity
Authors: Subramanian Naeha , Torabi‐Parizi Parizad , Gottschalk Rachel A. , Germain Ronald N. , Dutta Bhaskar 
Published: January 2015

The mammalian immune system is a dynamic multiscale system composed of a hierarchically organized set of molecular, cellular, and organismal networks that act in concert to promote effective host defense. These networks range from those involving gene regulatory and protein–protein interactions underlying intracellular signaling pathways and single‐cell responses to increasingly complex networks of in vivo cellular interaction, positioning, and migration that determine the overall immune response of an organism. Immunity is thus not the product of simple signaling events but rather nonlinear behaviors arising from dynamic, feedback‐regulated interactions among many components. One of the major goals of systems immunology is to quantitatively measure these complex multiscale spatial and temporal interactions, permitting development of computational models that can be used to predict responses to perturbation. Recent technological advances permit collection of comprehensive datasets at multiple molecular and cellular levels, while advances in network biology support representation of the relationships of components at each level as physical or functional interaction networks. The latter facilitate effective visualization of patterns and recognition of emergent properties arising from the many interactions of genes, molecules, and cells of the immune system. We illustrate the power of integrating ‘omics’ and network modeling approaches for unbiased reconstruction of signaling and transcriptional networks with a focus on applications involving the innate immune system. We further discuss future possibilities for reconstruction of increasingly complex cellular‐ and organism‐level networks and development of sophisticated computational tools for prediction of emergent immune behavior arising from the concerted action of these networks. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2015, 7:13–38. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1288This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Macromolecular Interactions, Methods
Fe‐DPA as Catalyst for Oxidation of Organic Contaminants: Evidence of Homogeneous Fenton Process
Authors: Ramos Paulize H. , La Porta Felipe A. , de Resende Eliane C. , Giacoppo Juliana O. S. , Guerreiro Mario C. , Ramalho Teodorico C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFenton‐type reactions using transition metal complexes in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radical generation have received special attention due to their advantages over classical homogeneous processes involving soluble iron salts. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the use of an iron complex with the ligand pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid (dipicolinic acid or DPA) as a homogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of the quinoline. The synthesized iron complex showed a molar ratio of 1:2 metal/ligand and was efficient in the quinoline oxidation at pH values near neutrality. The tests were monitored by mass spectrometry that allows identification of the different intermediates and showed complete oxidation of the quinolone compound. Moreover, in order to shed some light on the formation of hydroxyl radicals and the overall reaction mechanism, some theoretical calculations at the DFT level were performed. The results of this study demonstrated that the iron‐DPA complex is a good catalyst for the oxidation of quinoline by a Fenton‐like mechanism. All theoretical data show good agreement with experimental results.
An Analysis of Risk Factors for Short-Term Complication Rates and Increased Length of Stay following Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Haughom Bryan D. , Schairer William W. , Hellman Michael D. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Levine Brett R. 
Published: January 2015

Background Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an increasingly popular procedure, with excellent long-term outcomes. However, there are only a limited number of reports reporting its short-term morbidity and mortality. Questions/Purposes We sought to analyze the reported 30-day morbidity, mortality, and risk factors for complications and prolonged length of stay (>4 days) following UKA. Patients and Methods Utilizing the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database, including patients ( n = 2316) from 2005–2012, we correlated the reported 30-day complications and prolonged length of stay with patient demographics and risk factors. Results The overall rate of complications was low (3.2%). The distribution of complications demonstrated 0.5% major systemic, 1.4% minor systemic, 0.7% major local, and 0.9% minor local complications, with a 2.1% readmission rate. Multivariate regression demonstrated increased BMI and a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as independent risk factors for complications. Furthermore, multivariate regression demonstrated increased BMI, ASA ≥ 3, history of COPD, recent operation, and postoperative transfusion as independent risk factors for prolonged length of hospitalization. Conclusions Utilizing the NSQIP, we present one of the largest studies to date evaluating complications following UKA. Our multivariate model demonstrated obesity and COPD to be the risk factors for complications while obesity, ASA ≥ 3, COPD, recent operation, and blood transfusion to be the risk factors for prolonged length of stay.
Remarks on the weak formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations on the 2D hyperbolic space
Authors: Czubak Magdalena , Chan Chi Hin 
Published: January 2015

The Leray–Hopf solutions to the Navier–Stokes equation are known to be unique on

\mathbb{R}^{2}

. In our previous work, we showed the breakdown of uniqueness in a hyperbolic setting. In this article, we show how to formulate the problem in order so the uniqueness can be restored.

Résumé

Les solutions de Leray–Hopf de l'équation Navier–Stokes sont connues pour être uniques sur

\mathbb{R}^{2}

. Dans nos travaux précédents, nous avons montré que ces solutions ne sont pas uniques si on se place dans un cadre hyperbolique. Dans cet article, nous montrons comment formuler le problème de façon à retrouver l'unicité.
Development and Validation of Prognostic Indices for Recovery of Physical Functioning Following Stroke: Part 2
Authors: Bates Barbara E. , Xie Dawei , Kwong Pui L. , Kurichi Jibby E. , Ripley Diane Cowper , Davenport Claire , Vogel W. Bruce , Stineman Margaret G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a prognostic index for achievement of modified independence (Functional Independence Measure grade VI) after completion of either comprehensive or consultative rehabilitation after stroke.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingVeterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) throughout the United States.ParticipantsData included 5316 patients with stroke discharged from VAMCs who received rehabilitation services while hospitalized and who were physically dependent at initial assessment. The index was derived with use of 60% of the sample and validated in the remaining 40% of the sample. Points derived from the β coefficients of a multivariable logistic model were added to scores that were associated with the probability of recovery.Main Outcome MeasureRecovery to modified independence or above at final rehabilitation assessment, defined as when patients no longer need physical assistance with eating; grooming; dressing the upper and lower body; toileting; sphincter management; bed to chair, toilet, and tub transfers; and walking/wheelchair use and when they require no more than supervision with bathing or climbing stairs.ResultsSeven independent predictors were identified through logistic regression in the derivation sample: initial physical grade (I or II = 0 points; III = 2 points; IV = 4 points; V = 5 points), initial cognitive stage (I or II = 0 points; III = 2 points; IV = 3 points, V or VI = 4 points; VII =5 points), type of rehabilitation (consultative = 0 points; comprehensive = 4 points), age (<60 years = 3 points; 60‐79 years = 2 points; ≥80 years = 0 points), time from initial to final physical grade assessment (1‐2 days = 0 points; ≥3 days = 2 points), absence of urinary procedures (3 points), and absence of diabetes with complications (1 point). The following proportions of patients recovered to physical grade VI for the first, second, third, and fourth quartile scores, respectively: 0.59% (score ≤9), 3.87% (score = 9‐11), 14.19% (score = 12‐15), and 37.38% (score ≥16).ConclusionFunctional recovery to physical grade VI can be predicted on the basis of patients' initial status after a stroke occurs and the type of rehabilitation services to be provided by using a simple scoring system.
DEBASING SKEPTICISM REFUTED
Authors: Conee Earl 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA belief is debased when believing is given a basis that is not proper for knowledge, such as wishful thinking or superstition. The possibility of a debasing demon is the possibility of a maximally powerful agent who aims to prevent knowledge by debasing beliefs. Jonathan Schaffer contends that the debasing demon is a threat to all knowledge. Schaffer does not assess the strength of the skeptical challenge from debasing. It is argued here that debasing does not strengthen any case for skepticism. A debasing demon is possible. We should acknowledge that our beliefs could have been debased, and that this could have been done in an introspectively undetectable way. But acknowledging this leaves us in a position to know that our apparent knowledge is genuine. It does not enhance any reason to think that we lack knowledge.
ARTICULATIONS OF BELONGING: THE POLITICS OF ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS PLURALISM IN BAUCHI AND GOMBE STATES, NORTH-EAST NIGERIA
Authors: Higazi Adam , Lar Jimam 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTNorth-east Nigeria is an area of great ethno-linguistic diversity and religious pluralism, with Islam and Christianity both having a strong presence. The majority of the population is Muslim but there is also a substantial indigenous Christian minority, who form a majority in some local government areas. This paper draws on fieldwork by the authors in two north-eastern states, Bauchi and Gombe, to explore why, despite comparable religious demographics, there are marked differences in the levels of collective violence experienced in the two states. Although ethno-religious violence has increased across northern Nigeria since the 1980s, some areas have been more affected than others. To understand why this is, it is necessary to place ethnic and religious differences in their local historical and political contexts. This paper compares Gombe and Bauchi and argues that, although there are complaints of marginalization among different groups in both cases, Gombe State has developed a more inclusive system of government and local conflict management than Bauchi State. We explore what accounts for this difference in the articulation and management of belonging and whether the contrast is significant enough to explain differential levels of violence. In doing so, we consider how inter-ethnic and inter-religious relations have been shaped historically in the two cases and compare current forms of collective mobilization, considering different social and political spaces within each state. The paper also briefly outlines the impacts of the radical insurgent group Jama'at ahl al-sunna li'l-da'wa wa'l-jihad, nicknamed Boko Haram, in Bauchi and Gombe states.
Absorption and intermediary metabolism of purines and pyrimidines in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Stentoft Charlotte , Røjen Betina Amdisen , Jensen Søren Krogh , Kristensen Niels B. , Vestergaard Mogens , Larsen Mogens 
Published: January 2015

About 20 % of ruminal microbial N in dairy cows derives from purines and pyrimidines; however, their intermediary metabolism and contribution to the overall N metabolism has sparsely been described. In the present study, the postprandial patterns of net portal-drained viscera (PDV) and hepatic metabolism were assessed to evaluate purine and pyrimidine N in dairy cows. Blood was sampled simultaneously from four veins with eight hourly samples from four multi-catheterised Holstein cows. Quantification of twenty purines and pyrimidines was performed with HPLC–MS/MS, and net fluxes were estimated across the PDV, hepatic tissue and total splanchnic tissue (TSP). Concentration differences between veins of fifteen purine and pyrimidine nucleosides (NS), bases (BS) and degradation products (DP) were different from zero (P≤ 0·05), resulting in the net PDV releases of purine NS (0·33–1·3 mmol/h), purine BS (0·0023–0·018 mmol/h), purine DP (7·0–7·8 mmol/h), pyrimidine NS (0·30–2·8 mmol/h) and pyrimidine DP (0·047–0·77 mmol/h). The hepatic removal of purine and pyrimidine was almost equivalent to the net PDV release, resulting in no net TSP release. One exception was uric acid (7·9 mmol/h) from which a large net TSP release originated from the degradation of purine NS and BS. A small net TSP release of the pyrimidine DP β-alanine and β-aminoisobutyric acid ( − 0·032 to 0·37 mmol/h) demonstrated an outlet of N into the circulating N pool. No effect of time relative to feeding was observed (P>0·05). These data indicate that considerable amounts of N are lost in the dairy cow due to prominent intermediary degradation of purines, but that pyrimidine N is reusable to a larger extent.
Modification of endoscopic medial maxillectomy: a novel approach for inverted papilloma of the maxillary sinus
Authors: Ghosh A , Pal S , Srivastava A , Saha S 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjective:To describe modification to endoscopic medial maxillectomy for treating extensive Krouse stage II or III inverted papilloma of the nasal and maxillary sinus.Method:Ten patients with inverted papilloma arising from the nasoantral area underwent diagnostic nasal endoscopy, contrast-enhanced computed tomography scanning of the paranasal sinus and pre-operative biopsy of the nasal mass. They were all managed using endoscopic medial maxillectomy and followed up for seven months to three years without recurrence.Results:Most patients were aged 41–60 years at presentation, and most were male. Presenting symptoms were nasal obstruction, mass in the nasal cavity and epistaxis. In each case, computed tomography imaging showed a mass involving the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus, with bony remodelling. The endoscopic medial maxillectomy approach was modified by making an incision in the pyriform aperture and removing part of the anterolateral wall of the maxilla bone en bloc.Conclusion:Modified endoscopic medial maxillectomy providing full access to the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses is described in detail. This effective, reproducible technique is associated with reduced operative time and morbidity.
Why we assume it's all good: The role of theory of mind in early inherent feature inferences
Authors: Bartsch Karen , Estes David 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCimpian & Salomon's (C&S's) characterization of a domain-general inherence heuristic, available to young children, underplays the importance of our early interest in and recognition of agency, intentionality, and mental life. A consideration of the centrality of desires, goals, and agency in our earliest reasoning suggests an alternative, perhaps complementary, account of our tendency to be satisfied with the status quo.
Can the inherence heuristic explain vitalistic reasoning?
Authors: Bastian Brock 
Published: January 2015

AbstractInherence is an important component of psychological essentialism. By drawing on vitalism as a way in which to explain this link, however, the authors appear to conflate causal explanations based on fixed features with those based on general causal forces. The disjuncture between these two types of explanatory principles highlights potential new avenues for the inherence heuristic.
Do we need the inherence heuristic to explain the bias towards inherent explanations?
Authors: Dunham Yarrow 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt is clear that people often make unwarranted inherence-based explanations, but it is less clear that explaining this fact requires the inherence heuristic. Instead, it can be explained by a more general explanatory apparatus operating on the most readily available information, which, depending on the nature of that information, outputs both inherent and noninherent explanations.