bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History’s view on the principal–agent relationship: including history, context and change. Evidence from three historical cases in the Southern Netherlands
Authors: Berghmans Sander 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The principal–agent literature often draws criticism for its ahistorical, acontextual and static nature, particularly when theories such as the agency or the stewardship theory are being used. This is because the field of economics tends to develop universalistic models and theories, excluding history, context and change, which renders them unusable for practitioners whose behavior is (partially) guided by the complex and differing environments in which they find themselves. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this criticism by investigating how (and if) history, context and change influence the principal–agent relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
Instead of using the typical economic methodologies to study the principal–agent relationship, this paper makes use of the methodologies of the field of history to investigate how history, context and change affect principal–agent relationships in three cases in the early modern Southern Netherlands (the Dukes of Arenberg, the Roosewalle farm and Abbot De Loose of the Abbey of Ename). This methodology is especially suited, as it results in historical narratives that incorporate all of these three elements.

Findings
The main finding is that the cases show how history, context and change clearly affect the principal–agent relationship. These aspects are intricately intertwined, as earlier choices and context can cause a change in the principal–agent relationship, this creates a new presence (with an altered history) and sometimes even a new context. This results in a highly dynamic relationship that can evolve in very short periods, mostly in a path-dependent manner.

Research limitations/implications
The paper advocates by example for a shift in principal–agent research, emphasizing the necessity of considering history, context and change. This study demonstrates that these factors greatly affect the nature of the principal–agent relationship. In doing so, it may provide practitioners with better insights, as real-world principal–agent relationships are indeed impacted by these three factors.

Originality/value
By using historical methods, this study shows for the first time how context, change and history indeed influence principal–agent relationships. The findings of this paper encourage the development of theories and theoretical frameworks that more closely resemble reality, rather than being universalistic.
The impact of coaching leadership on work engagement: an empirical study from Chinese context
Authors: Wang Ling-yun , Zhang Chun-feng , Su Xiao-ying 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to unveil the efficacy of coaching leadership within Chinese organizations and bolster employees’ work engagement.Design/methodology/approachThe sample data were collected through employing the questionnaire method. The participants consisted of 234 employees and 53 supervisors in Chinese enterprises. Hypothesis testing was conducted using multiple regression analysis and the Bootstrap method.FindingsThe coaching leadership exhibited a positive association with employees’ work engagement, psychological safety and self-efficacy. It was observed that employees’ psychological safety and self-efficacy played a dual-mediation role between coaching leadership and work engagement. Additionally, employees with power distance orientation (POD) amplified the positive effects of coaching leadership on psychological safety and self-efficacy.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the literature on coaching leadership and work engagement by elucidating their direct influence, as well as the dual-mediating roles of psychological safety and self-efficacy. Besides, our findings underscore the moderating effect of POD in amplifying the impacts of coaching leadership. However, the nonlongitudinal survey design adopted by our study should be noted for its potential limitations in establishing causality.Practical implicationsThe findings demonstrate that coaching leadership, psychological safety and self-efficacy play a crucial role in fostering work engagement. Employees with higher POD are more likely to benefit from coaching leaders.Originality/valueThis study contributes to coaching leadership literature and provides insights into how and when coaching leadership affects work engagement in Chinese organizations.
Smart manufacturing implementation: identifying barriers and their related stakeholders and components of technology
Authors: Valipour Parkouhi Sahar , Safaei Ghadikolaei AbdolHamid , Fallah Lajimi Hamidreza , Salimi Negin 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
One of the achievements of the fourth industrial revolution is smart manufacturing, a manufacturing system based on Industry 4.0 technologies that will increase systems' reliability, efficiency and productivity. Despite the many benefits, some barriers obstruct the implementation of this manufacturing system. This study aims to analyze these barriers.

Design/methodology/approach
One of the measures that must be taken is to identify and try to remove these barriers, which involves identifying the stakeholders and components of technology associated with each barrier. As such, the primary purpose of this paper is to present a systematic literature review in the field of smart manufacturing with a focus on barriers to implementation related to the stakeholders and components of technology.

Findings
This research conducted a systematic literature review in Scopus and Web of Science databases and considered the studies published until 2021 were examined. The central question of this paper is answered based on this literature review, in which 133 related studies and 15 barriers were identified.

Practical implications
The significant gap observed in the literature review is that no research has been conducted to determine the stakeholders and components of technology related to the barriers, making it a potentially worthwhile subject for future research. In addition, the results of this study may help managers to implement smart manufacturing.

Originality/value
This study provides two main originalities. The former is helpful information for managers to make effective decisions when they face smart manufacturing barriers. The latter is related to identifying critical research gaps through systematic literature review.
CEO inside debt and industry specialist auditor
Authors: Chung Hyeesoo (Sally) , Hao Jong-Yu Paula , Wynn Jinyoung 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the effect of executive compensation incentives, specifically CEO inside debt holdings, on the choice of industry specialist auditor.

Design/methodology/approach
High inside debt holdings are expected to constrain excessive managerial risk-taking and align the interests of managers and outside debtholders. The authors hypothesize that reduced debtholders’ expropriation concerns will decrease the demand for high audit quality, measured by industry specialization. The authors investigate a sample of US firms from 2006 to 2018 using OLS regression and use CEO relative leverage to proxy for CEO inside debt holdings. The authors conduct an additional two-stage least squares regression analysis to address potential endogeneity issues.

Findings
The paper finds that firms with higher levels of CEO inside debt tend not to appoint an auditor with industry specialization. This result is consistent with the notion that inside debt mitigates agency conflicts between managers and debtholders, reducing the demand for high-quality audits as a monitoring mechanism. The paper also finds that among firms which are excessively leveraged, those with higher levels of CEO inside debt tend to appoint an industry specialist auditor.

Originality/value
The findings contribute to the literature on agency cost and auditor choice by demonstrating that CEO inside debt has both substitutive and complementary effects on demand for industry specialist auditors.
Relationship between structural empowerment and work engagement in the health-care sector in Portugal: the mediating role of civility
Authors: Tomé Pires Catarina , Kulari Genta , Ribeiro Luísa , Laneiro Tito 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to explore how nurses stay engaged in their work with the impact of structural empowerment and civility. It delves deeper into how kind, empathetic and respectful behaviours (civility) among colleagues influence the link between structural empowerment and nurses’ engagement.

Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected from 580 nurses working in a Public Hospital in the metropolitan area of Lisbon. Self-report questionnaires measuring civility, structural empowerment and engagement were administered. Hayes’ PROCESS macro for mediation analysis in SPSS was used to test the hypothesised model.

Findings
Results demonstrated that civility and structural empowerment were positively associated (r = 0.491, p < 0.01) also showing a positive influence on nurses’ engagement (r = 0.492, p < 0.01; r = 0.485, p < 0.01, respectively). Civility was found to partially mediate the association between structural empowerment and engagement (ß = 0.315, 95% CI [0.222, 0.417], 5,000 bootstrap resamples).

Practical implications
Findings from this study may be used for health-care employees and organisations, implying that when nurses perceive themselves as structurally empowered at work within a respectful environment, they experience an enhanced sense of community and involvement in their organization.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt in exploring the relationship of combined workplace civility, structural empowerment and engagement in a sample of Portuguese nurses. Future research could substantially increase our understanding of how civility contributes to a positive workplace.
Framework for the application of explainable artificial intelligence techniques in the service of democracy
Authors: Marques da Encarnacao Marta Sofia , Anastasiadou Maria , Santos Vitor 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to explore explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in democracy, proposing an applicable framework. With artificial intelligence’s (AI) increasing use in democracies, the demand for transparency and accountability in AI decision-making is recognized. XAI addresses AI “black boxes” by enhancing model transparency.

Design/methodology/approach
This study includes a thorough literature review of XAI. The methodology chosen was design science research to enable design theory and problem identification about XAI’s state of the art. Thereby finding and gathering crucial information to build a framework that aims to help solve issues and gaps where XAI can be of major influence in the service of democracy.

Findings
This framework has four main steps to be applied in the service of democracy by applying the different possible XAI techniques that may help mitigate existing challenges and risks for the democratic system. The proposed artifact intends to display and include all the necessary steps to select the most suitable XAI technology. Examples were given for every step of the artifact to provide a clear understanding of what was being proposed.

Originality/value
An evaluation of the proposed framework was made through interviews with specialists from different areas related to the topics in the study. The interviews were important for measuring the framework’s validity and originality.
Regenerative stakeholder framework in tourism
Authors: Husamoglu Barbaros , Akova Orhan , Cifci Ibrahim 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This research endeavours to achieve two primary objectives within the context of regenerative tourism (RT). Firstly, the study aims to explore the trends and conceptual structure of RT, mapping its scope through a bibliometric analysis. Building upon the knowledge garnered from the initial exploration, the second aim is to establish a regenerative stakeholder framework for tourism, grounded in biodiversity.

Design/methodology/approach
Data from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus were collected for a bibliometric analysis in this research. The merged database found a total of 42 publications.

Findings
Based on bibliometric analysis in Biblioshiny, six indicators were identified (e.g. the annual publications, the most cited studies, productive countries, journals and thematic map). Furthermore, the authors' keyword analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer software package, revealing four clusters, namely, stakeholders, ecotourism, circular economy and climate change.

Research limitations/implications
This research's scope is restricted to Scopus and WoS through 21 February 2024. Future research could broaden RT perspectives through different databases.

Practical implications
The research offers the RT stakeholder framework developed based on the RT and stakeholder theory.

Originality/value
This research advances awareness of the Earth's current needs and the literature on tourism stakeholders by establishing a biodiversity-based regenerative stakeholders' framework in which both human and non-human stakeholders can coexist.
Seasonal and environmental factors contribute to the variation in the gut microbiome: A large‐scale study of a small bird
Authors: Liukkonen Martta , Muriel Jaime , Martínez‐Padilla Jesús , Nord Andreas , Pakanen Veli‐Matti , Rosivall Balázs , Tilgar Vallo , van Oers Kees , Grond Kirsten , Ruuskanen Suvi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Environmental variation can shape the gut microbiome, but broad/large‐scale data on among and within‐population heterogeneity in the gut microbiome and the associated environmental factors of wild populations is lacking. Furthermore, previous studies have limited taxonomical coverage, and knowledge about wild avian gut microbiomes is still scarce.

We investigated large‐scale environmental variation in the gut microbiome of wild adult great tits across the species' European distribution range. We collected fecal samples to represent the gut microbiome and used the 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the bacterial gut microbiome.

Our results show that gut microbiome diversity is higher during winter and that there are compositional differences between winter and summer gut microbiomes. During winter, individuals inhabiting mixed forest habitat show higher gut microbiome diversity, whereas there was no similar association during summer. Also, temperature was found to be a small contributor to compositional differences in the gut microbiome. We did not find significant differences in the gut microbiome among populations, nor any association between latitude, rainfall and the gut microbiome.

The results suggest that there is a seasonal change in wild avian gut microbiomes, but that there are still many unknown factors that shape the gut microbiome of wild bird populations.
Relationship between walking movement and reproductive traits in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Matsumura Kentarou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany animal species have movement abilities. Behavior is important for evolutionary ecology because animal movement leads to dispersal, migration, search for food and mates, and escaping from enemies. However, individual differences in movement activity are found within a population. This phenomenon can be affected by various factors, one of which is suggesting that higher moving activity has fitness cost, whereas lower moving activity has benefits. Animal movement may also affect reproduction (e.g., resource allocation tradeoff between movement and reproduction as well as intra‐ and intersexual selection). Although many previous studies have investigated the relationship between movement and reproduction, less attention has been paid to walking movement. In this study, previous studies that investigated the relationship between movement and reproduction were reviewed using the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, a model insect in behavioral ecology and genetics. Several previous studies suggest that beetle walking is strongly associated with male and female reproductive traits. In recent years, empirical studies on the correlation between walking and other traits have increased, particularly in T. castaneum. Although this species can fly and walk, the movement is often discussed without discriminating between flight and walk. Differences in modes of movement may affect the correlation between movement and other traits; thus, discussing each mode of movement separately is necessary.
Posterior components separation with transversus abdominis release and sublay mesh reinforcement in large ventral hernia repair
Authors: El‐Halby Ahmed Hassan , Elmahdy Tamer M. , El‐Samongy Ahmed Fakhr El‐Deen , Elkhadrawy Osama Helmy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimVentral abdominal hernia is a prevalent condition among surgical patients. Large ventral hernias with defects >10 cm that cannot be closed primarily, often with loss of domain requiring abdominal wall reconstruction, pose a surgical challenge. Our study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of posterior components separation (PCS) with transversus abdominis release (TAR) and sublay mesh reinforcement in large ventral hernia repair, particularly in terms of surgical site occurrences (SSOs) and hernia recurrence.Patients and MethodsOur study included 40 adult patients presented to Tanta University Hospitals with a large ventral hernia (defect width ≥10 cm) from December 2021 to January 2023. All patients were submitted to PCS with TAR and sublay mesh reinforcement.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 47.32 (standard deviation [SD] 9.31) years (range 36–65 years) with a mean body mass index of 33.55 (SD 3.42) kg/m2 (range 28.35–38.72 kg/m2). The major risk factors were obesity (95.00%), smoking (45.00%), and multiparity (45.00%). Midline incisional hernia was the most common type in 28 patients (70.00%). Thirty‐four patients (85%) achieved successful midline closure, while six patients required additional anterior components separation technique to achieve tensionless midline closure and an onlay mesh for functional reconstruction. Post‐operative SSOs occurred in 12 patients (30.00%), with subcutaneous seroma in 8 patients (20.00%) and wound dehiscence and necrosis in 4 patients (10.00%). Two patients (5.00%) experienced recurrence after a mean follow‐up period of 19.25 (SD 3.52) months.ConclusionsPCS with TAR and sublay mesh reinforcement is a reliable and durable technique for complex ventral hernia repair with low morbidity and recurrence rates. However, long‐term clinical outcomes with more cases are required to properly evaluate this technique.
The governance of hydrosocial risk in peri‐urban South Australia
Authors: Bardsley Douglas K. , Winsborough Sophie , Skinner William , Drew Georgina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimate change is generating levels of environmental risk that are jeopardising modern development. As the management of water systems becomes more difficult, approaches to governance and engagement within regions are increasingly shaping adaptation successes and failures. We use theory on hydrosocial systems and risk to critically analyse stakeholder experiences of a transition in South Australian water management in peri‐urban Adelaide, with detail from the Langhorne Creek viticultural region. Local prescription of water resources has limited over‐exploitation and supported landowners to use water in sophisticated ways. When community stakeholders deliberated on common concerns with governance organisations for mutually beneficial outcomes, decision‐making supported successful hydrosocial adaptation. Ongoing challenges, such as a lack of confidence in the scientific knowledge guiding decisions, were accentuated when the process was politicised and engagement became inauthentic. If trust between governance organisations and local stakeholders is broken, it is difficult to re‐engage the farming community with adaptation decision‐making. In contrast, by working closely with community end‐users, government can enable appropriate behaviour and guide adaptive management. Attention to hydrosocial processes will be crucial to facilitate effective local adaptation policy in response to climate risk.
Consumer Prices in German Food E‐Retailing: the Impact of the Value Added Tax Cut in 2020
Authors: Scharnhop Johann , Loy Jens‐Peter 
Published: July 2024

SummaryIn July 2020, the German government reduced the VAT rate for six months in order to stimulate private consumption and support the economy, which had been weakened by the Covid‐19 pandemic. It was crucial for the success of the tax cut that retailers passed it on to consumers by reducing retail prices. This article applies a fixed effects estimation model to analyse the price effects of the VAT reduction in grocery e‐retailing. It uses price data collected directly from the websites for major food categories of four food e‐retailers, Bringmeister, MyTime, Real and Rewe. The tax reduction overall was largely passed on to consumers by price reductions. However, the pass‐through rates, i.e. the extent to which the tax rate change was translated into lower prices, varied among the stores, ranging from 16 to 134 per cent, with the highest rate being for Bringmeister. The pass‐through rate for Rewe was 84 per cent. Also, the timing of the pass‐through varies. The highly divergent pass‐through rates were below the expectations of politicians and the announcements made in advance by food retailers, suggesting some strategic pricing within and between stores. For future VAT reduction initiatives, the results of this study and consumers' reactions to price changes should be considered in more detail in order to complete the assessment of the effectiveness of such measures.
Transcriptome profiling reveals the protective mechanism of sulfated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides against oxidative damage of IEC‐6 cell
Authors: Zhu Haibin , Yu Yue , Zeng Fengjiao , Chen Xianxiang , Liu Wendong , Yu Qiang , Chen Yi , Xie Jianhua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOur previous studies have shown that sulfated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides (SCP3) can alleviate intestinal oxidative stress (OS) damage by improving the antioxidant capacity of the intestine, but its mechanism still needs further exploration. This study aimed to reveal the possible underlying protective mechanism of SCP3 against OS damage of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC‐6) based on transcriptome profiling. The results showed that SCP3 could increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and reduce the production of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. In addition, the SCP3 could also alleviate the H2O2‐induced high apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential decrease in IEC‐6 cells. RNA‐sequencing results showed that there were 2152 differentially expressed genes between the control group and the SCP3 group, and the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathways are the main signaling pathways that contributed to SCP3 protecting IEC‐6 cells from OS damage. In summary, the SCP3 plays a role in improving intestinal cell damage by inhibiting OS, which may be closely related to the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.Practical ApplicationThis study provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides as an antioxidant ingredient in auxiliary medicines and functional foods.