bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of the structure-directing effect resulting in identical topological open-framework materials
Authors: Xin Liang , Sun Huai , Xu Ruren , Yan Wenfu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the synthesis of zeolites and related crystalline materials with open-frameworks, a single structure is obtained in the presence of many different templates, known as the “one-structure/multiple-templates” phenomenon. However, the reasons behind this phenomenon have yet to be elucidated. By analyzing the possible starting point of crystallization in several “one-structure/multiple-templates” systems and applying the molecular dynamics simulation to such systems, we found that the template-framework binding free energy level or charge transfer (exchange) degree was the key to the structure-directing effect of a template. This discovery explains why the structure-directing effect of a template can be affected by many variables, such as the nature of the source materials, molar composition of the initial reaction mixture (recipe), mineralizers, type of solvent and heating temperature. In the synthesis of zeolites and related crystalline materials with open-frameworks, the template or organic additive played a topological structure-directing role instead of a structure-directing role.
Molecular Mechanisms for High Hydrostatic Pressure-Induced Wing Mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Wang Hua , Wang Kai , Xiao Guanjun , Ma Junfeng , Wang Bingying , Shen Sile , Fu Xueqi , Zou Guangtian , Zou Bo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlthough High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) as an important physical and chemical tool has been increasingly applied to research of organism, the response mechanisms of organism to HHP have not been elucidated clearly thus far. To identify mutagenic mechanisms of HHP on organisms, here, we treated Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) eggs with HHP. Approximately 75% of the surviving flies showed significant morphological abnormalities from the egg to the adult stages compared with control flies (p < 0.05). Some eggs displayed abnormal chorionic appendages, some larvae were large and red and some adult flies showed wing abnormalities. Abnormal wing phenotypes of D. melanogaster induced by HHP were used to investigate the mutagenic mechanisms of HHP on organism. Thus 285 differentially expressed genes associated with wing mutations were identified using Affymetrix Drosophila Genome Array 2.0 and verified with RT-PCR. We also compared wing development-related central genes in the mutant flies with control flies using DNA sequencing to show two point mutations in the vestigial (vg) gene. This study revealed the mutagenic mechanisms of HHP-induced mutagenesis in D. melanogaster and provided a new model for the study of evolution on organisms.
Clostridium difficile: New Insights into the Evolution of the Pathogenicity Locus
Authors: Monot Marc , Eckert Catherine , Lemire Astrid , Hamiot Audrey , Dubois Thomas , Tessier Carine , Dumoulard Bruno , Hamel Benjamin , Petit Amandine , Lalande Valérie , Ma Laurence , Bouchier Christiane , Barbut Frédéric , Dupuy Bruno 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe major virulence factors of Clostridium difficile are toxins A and B. These toxins are encoded by tcdA and tcdB genes, which form a pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) together with three additional genes that have been implicated in regulation (tcdR and tcdC) and secretion (tcdE). To date, the PaLoc has always been found in the same location and is replaced in non-toxigenic strains by a highly conserved 75/115 bp non-coding region. Here, we show new types of C. difficile pathogenicity loci through the genome analysis of three atypical clinical strains and describe for the first time a variant strain producing only toxin A (A+B−). Importantly, we found that the PaLoc integration sites of these three strains are located in the genome far from the usual single known PaLoc integration site. These findings allowed us to propose a new model of PaLoc evolution in which two “Mono-Toxin PaLoc” sites are merged to generate a single “Bi-Toxin PaLoc”.
Multi‐wavelength channel 1.5 μm and 10 Gb/s EMBH DFB‐LD array module using SAG technology
Authors: Kwon O.K. , Oh S.H. , Kim K.S. , Lee C.W. , Leem Y.A. , Nam E.S. 
Published: October 2015

A multi‐wavelength channel distributed feedback laser diode array (DFB‐LDA) for the low‐cost and low‐power consumption applications of WDM‐based datacentre networks is reported. The gain spectrum and lasing wavelength of each channel are controlled by using selective area growth and E‐beam lithography techniques, respectively. To reduce the operation current and parasitic capacitance of the proposed array, an etched mesa buried hetero‐structure (EMBH) is introduced. From this study, it was found that an eight‐channel 300 μm long λ/4‐shifted DFB‐LDA has a threshold current of 10 ± 1.5 mA and a side mode suppression ratio of over 50 dB at a current of 50 mA for all channels. A transmission test for this LDA showed a clear eye opening with a dynamic extinction ratio of over 4.5 dB at 10 Gb/s after a 2 km transmission.
Cable bacteria generate a firewall against euxinia in seasonally hypoxic basins
Authors: Seitaj Dorina , Schauer Regina , Sulu-Gambari Fatimah , Hidalgo-Martinez Silvia , Malkin Sairah Y. , Burdorf Laurine D. W. , Slomp Caroline P. , Meysman Filip J. R. 
Published: October 2015

SignificanceSeasonal hypoxia is increasing in coastal areas worldwide, as more nutrients are delivered to the coastal ocean and water temperatures are rising due to climate change. Hypoxia reaches a particularly harmful stage when sulfide, which is highly toxic for marine life, is released to the bottom water. Here, we document a natural microbial mechanism that counteracts the release of free sulfide, thus preventing the most adverse stage of seasonal hypoxia. Electricity-generating cable bacteria produce a large pool of oxidized sedimentary iron minerals, which efficiently bind free sulfide. As cable bacteria are likely abundant in many seasonally hypoxic basins worldwide, their “firewall” mechanism may be widespread.
Charge-trap flash memory using zirconium-nitride-based memristor switches
Authors: Kim Hee-Dong , Kim Kyeong Heon , An Ho-Myoung , Kim Tae Geun 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Charge-trap flash (CTF) memory using a zirconium nitride (ZrN)-based memristor switch (MRS) is demonstrated for next-generation nonvolatile memory. This device consists of a metal/MRS/nitride/oxide/silicon (M/MRS/N/O/S) structure so that electrical transport via the ZrN-based MRS layer can be utilized. Compared to previous oxide materials used as conduction paths, the proposed CTF device with a ZrN-based MRS exhibits a faster program/erase switching speed (20 ns/7 ns), along with comparable endurance and retention properties.
Rust-Bio: a fast and safe bioinformatics library
Authors: Köster Johannes 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Summary: We present Rust-Bio, the first general purpose bioinformatics library for the innovative Rust programming language. Rust-Bio leverages the unique combination of speed, memory safety and high-level syntax offered by Rust to provide a fast and safe set of bioinformatics algorithms and data structures with a focus on sequence analysis.
Availability and implementation: Rust-Bio is available open source under the MIT license at https://rust-bio.github.io.
Contact: koester@jimmy.harvard.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Residual Neuromuscular Block in the Elderly
Authors: Murphy Glenn S. , Szokol Joseph W. , Avram Michael J. , Greenberg Steven B. , Shear Torin D. , Vender Jeffery S. , Parikh Kruti N. , Patel Shivani S. , Patel Aashka 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background
Elderly patients are at increased risk for anesthesia-related complications. Postoperative residual neuromuscular block (PRNB) in the elderly, defined as a train-of-four ratio less than 0.9, may exacerbate preexisting muscle weakness and respiratory dysfunction. In this investigation, the incidence of PRNB and associated adverse events were assessed in an elderly (70 to 90 yr) and younger cohort (18 to 50 yr).

Methods
Data were prospectively collected on 150 younger and 150 elderly patients. Train-of-four ratios were measured on arrival to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). After tracheal extubation, patients were examined for adverse respiratory events during transport to the PACU, for 30 min after PACU admission, and during hospital admission. Postoperative muscle weakness was quantified using a standardized examination, and PACU and hospital lengths of stay were determined.

Results
The incidence of PRNB was 57.7% in elderly and 30.0% in younger patients (difference, −27.7%; 99% CI, −41.2 to −13.1%; P < 0.001). Airway obstruction, hypoxemic events, signs and symptoms of muscle weakness, postoperative pulmonary complications, and increased PACU and hospital lengths of stay were observed more frequently in the elderly (all P < 0.01). Within each cohort, most adverse events were observed in patients with PRNB. Younger patients with PRNB received larger total doses of rocuronium than did those without it (60 vs. 50 mg, P < 0.01), but there were no differences in rocuronium dose between elderly patients with PRNB and those without it (both 50 mg).

Conclusion
The elderly are at increased risk for PRNB and associated adverse outcomes.
Plateletcrit in Ocular Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome
Authors: Yazgan Serpil , Celik Ugur , Kaldırım Havva , Ayar Orhan , Akdemir Mehmet Orcun 
Published: October 2015

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to compare all platelet markers, especially plateletcrit (PCT, total platelet mass), in patients with and without ocular pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome.

Methods:
One hundred six patients with ocular PEX syndrome (study group) and 106 individuals without ocular PEX syndrome (control group) were enrolled in this retrospective case-control study. The biochemical/hematological laboratory results of both the study and control groups were analyzed by a clinician blinded to the group assignments. The main outcome measures were the PCT, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW).

Results:
The mean PCT in the study and control groups were 0.206%±0.520% and 0.171%±0.410%, respectively (P<0.001), and the mean PDW in the study and control groups were 16.12%±1.21% and 14.68%±1.40%, respectively (P<0.001). There were no differences in the MPV or mean PLT (P=0.138 and P=0.055, respectively). The PCT cutoff value was 0.180 (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.706; P<0.001; 65% sensitivity; 74% specificity).

Conclusions:
The PCT and PDW were significantly higher in patients with than without ocular PEX syndrome. These increased parameters may cause microvascular blood flow resistance and the heightened inflammatory response caused by excessive platelet activity, as with other cardiovascular diseases, and may also decrease aqueous humor outflow in ocular PEX syndrome.
Building analytic skills to drive improvements in patient care and organisational decision making
Authors: Howard Glen , Walker Alex , Shaw Dominick E , Hatton James 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– This paper briefly outlines a development programme designed to improve the skills of NHS Information Analysts and assesses the extent these skills have been developed. There are significant opportunities for the NHS to utilise information more effectively, and Analysts have a key role. However, training opportunities prior to the development of this programme have been limited for this professional group. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential benefits to the organisations, patients and the NHS as a whole, that improvements in the quality of analysis can deliver.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors compared pre-course and post-course self-assessment of skill levels of Analysts who attended the programme. The authors also considered general feedback and comments from participants.

Findings
– All of the 40 skills areas assessed demonstrated an increase in mean competency score. In cohorts 1 and 2, 38 of these were statistically significant (p
<
0.001-0.041, mean increase in score 1.0). For cohorts 3-5, 37 were statistically significant (p
<
0.001-0.012; mean increase 1.2). These findings were supported by the positive feedback from participants.

Practical implications
– The programme develops skills for NHS Information Analysts which can improve the quality of analysis in the NHS, offering significant potential to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare.

Originality/value
– The Information Analysts’ Development Programme provides the only training programme available for NHS Information Analysts, contributing to the development of data driven service improvement within the NHS. This may harness the power contained within data to drive improvement and ensure patients receive the highest quality of care.
Community care reaches out for the mobile moment
Authors: Wallace Simon 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the quite extraordinary way the phenomena of mobile communication has gripped our society and the opportunities this provides for healthcare.

Design/methodology/approach
– It describes the ticking public health time bomb surrounding long term conditions and dementia and the need to radically overhaul how community services are delivered. It dissects the opportunities and challenges of providing a mobile health and social care service in the community and explores what a mobile moment means for these professionals.

Findings
– It stresses that the answer is NOT to simply provide an organisation’s IT back-office environment in the field and describes the concept of a dedicated organisation app platform tailored to meet this need.

Originality/value
– The paper concludes by reviewing recent evidence about the benefits and opportunities for health and social care organisations to embrace mobile working.
Identifying adaptive strategies employed by office building investors
Authors: Halvitigala Dulani , Reed Richard G. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– With strategies including flexible work practices, tenants are increasingly seeking flexibility in their physical office space and layouts. The purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent investors address tenants’ changing demand for office space with reference to layouts in new and existing office buildings.Design/methodology/approach– A qualitative study comprising in-depth individual interviews with senior portfolio managers of all listed property trusts investing in the office sector in New Zealand was undertaken.Findings– The findings confirmed property investors incorporate several adaptive and flexible space design and specifications in their modern office buildings to enhance space flexibility and functional efficiency. These include adaptive building structures, efficient floor plates, flexible building services, advanced IT networking, high-quality building amenities and modern building materials. Building structures and layouts are designed to be modified quickly and cost effectively to address tenants’ changing needs. Implications affecting tenant demand for flexible spaces on their lease contracts were also identified.Research limitations/implications– The findings from this research have implications for management of office space. Although the data were sourced with reference to buildings located in New Zealand only, the findings are applicable to office buildings in other countries.Practical implications– The study provides an insight into design strategies adopted in modern office buildings to enhance space flexibility and functional efficiency. These findings are of practical application to professionals involved in the design, development, investment and valuation of modern office buildings.Originality/value– The paper provides in-depth insights into how investors meet tenants’ changing demand for physical space which is linked to delivering improved and stable market-driven returns to investors.
The evolution of Global Libraries’ performance measurement and impact assessment systems
Authors: Paley Jeremy , Cottrill Julia , Errecart Katherine , White Aimee , Schaden Carrie , Schrag Tyler , Douglas Robert , Tahmassebi Beeta , Crocker Rachel , Streatfield David 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the evolution of a common approach to impact assessment across the Global Libraries (GL) portfolio of grants. It presents an overview of two systems, the Performance Metrics (PMs) and the Common Impact Measurement System (CIMS). By providing a standard set of definitions and methods for use across countries, these systems enable grantees to collect data that can be compared and aggregated for the purpose of collective learning, improvement, accountability, and advocacy.

Design/methodology/approach
– The PMs offer a standard methodology to collect library project performance management data, whereas the CIMS is a standard survey of public library users. The paper describes how the PM and CIMS data are being visualized and used, with examples of findings and lessons learned.

Findings
– The paper cites examples of the type of PM and CIMS data available, with a focus on employment, gender, and case studies from Botswana and Indonesia. These highlights illustrate how libraries’ user demographics differ from other types of public internet access venues and how libraries can contribute to strong employment and growth.

Research limitations/implications
– The measurement systems rely on different partners collecting data for the same metrics across different countries; while each grantee adheres to a standard methodology, small procedural, and methodological differences are inevitable. Future research could focus on conducting similar studies elsewhere, outside the cohort of countries in the GL portfolio of grants.

Practical implications
– The paper offers insights and lessons for library agencies or institutions interested in implementing a common measurement system. Recognizing that few library projects have the resources to track a comprehensive set of indicators, a case study is presented about how smaller initiatives can adapt these systems to their needs.

Social implications
– The indicators described in this paper enable public libraries to shift their focus from services provided to the outcomes they help individuals and communities realize, potentially increasing the potency of their programming and advocacy.

Originality/value
– Common measurement systems are not new, but their application in the public library field is novel, as is the Data Atlas, a platform grantees use to compare results across metrics, track progress, and conduct advocacy.
Innovative impact planning and assessment through Global Libraries
Authors: Streatfield David , Andrade Blanco Pablo , Chiranov Marcel , Dryžaite Ieva , Kochanowicz Maciej , Liubyva Tetiana , Tkachuk Yuliya 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe a range of innovative (for public library performance measurement and impact assessment) methods and tools developed by country teams as part of the Global Libraries (GL) initiative. Short reports are provided on: a return on investment study, a simplified data processing system for library managers and an online reporting system for public libraries in Ukraine; a study of the public image of Polish libraries in print mass media, two approaches to sustainability of performance measurement and impact assessment in Romania, through tools to conduct pop-up surveys and use of agricultural subsidies support data, assessments of changes in public library managers’ planning efforts in Poland and of their perceptions of libraries and their own role, using Modified Delphi forecasting, in Lithuania, two ways of focussing on the world of public library users by engaging non-profit organizations in library research in Poland and conducting impact studies in virtual environments in Chile.

Design/methodology/approach
– A range of methods and tools and their uses are described.

Findings
– No specific research findings are reported.

Research limitations/implications
– All of these tools and methods have been (or are being) trialed in national public library contexts; some have been developed over several years.

Practical implications
– Useful for people in other (non-GL) countries who may be contemplating public library evaluation at regional, national or local level or who are interested in performance measurement and impact evaluation.

Social implications
– This paper is part of a GL effort to share what participants have learnt about impact planning and assessment in public libraries with the wider international libraries community.

Originality/value
– The impact planning and assessment program of GL has been the largest sustained international public library evaluation program so far attempted. This paper reports on the more innovative evaluation activities undertaken at country level through this program.
Coho salmon spawner mortality in western US urban watersheds: bioinfiltration prevents lethal storm water impacts
Authors: Spromberg Julann A. , Baldwin David H. , Damm Steven E. , McIntyre Jenifer K. , Huff Michael , Sloan Catherine A. , Anulacion Bernadita F. , Davis Jay W. , Scholz Nathaniel L. 
Published: October 2015

Summary

Adult coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch return each autumn to freshwater spawning habitats throughout western North America. The migration coincides with increasing seasonal rainfall, which in turn increases storm water run‐off, particularly in urban watersheds with extensive impervious land cover. Previous field assessments in urban stream networks have shown that adult coho are dying prematurely at high rates (>50%). Despite significant management concerns for the long‐term conservation of threatened wild coho populations, a causal role for toxic run‐off in the mortality syndrome has not been demonstrated.

We exposed otherwise healthy coho spawners to: (i) artificial storm water containing mixtures of metals and petroleum hydrocarbons, at or above concentrations previously measured in urban run‐off; (ii) undiluted storm water collected from a high traffic volume urban arterial road (i.e. highway run‐off); and (iii) highway run‐off that was first pre‐treated via bioinfiltration through experimental soil columns to remove pollutants.

We find that mixtures of metals and petroleum hydrocarbons – conventional toxic constituents in urban storm water – are not sufficient to cause the spawner mortality syndrome. By contrast, untreated highway run‐off collected during nine distinct storm events was universally lethal to adult coho relative to unexposed controls. Lastly, the mortality syndrome was prevented when highway run‐off was pretreated by soil infiltration, a conventional green storm water infrastructure technology.

Our results are the first direct evidence that: (i) toxic run‐off is killing adult coho in urban watersheds, and (ii) inexpensive mitigation measures can improve water quality and promote salmon survival.

Synthesis and applications. Coho salmon, an iconic species with exceptional economic and cultural significance, are an ecological sentinel for the harmful effects of untreated urban run‐off. Wild coho populations cannot withstand the high rates of mortality that are now regularly occurring in urban spawning habitats. Green storm water infrastructure or similar pollution prevention methods should be incorporated to the maximal extent practicable, at the watershed scale, for all future development and redevelopment projects, particularly those involving transportation infrastructure.