bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fas ligand–induced caspase-1–dependent accumulation of interleukin-18 in mice with acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Itoi Hisayuki , Fujimori Yoshihiro , Tsutsui Hiroko , Matsui Kiyoshi , Futatsugi Shizue , Okamura Haruki , Hara Hiroshi , Hada Toshikazu , Kakishita Eizo , Nakanishi Kenji 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAcute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), the fatal side effects of bone marrow transplantation, was shown to be accompanied by elevation of serum levels of interleukin 18 (IL-18). In this study, the mechanism underlying the accumulation of IL-18 in aGVHD in mice was investigated. Lethally irradiated recipients having transplantation with H-2 disparate donor splenocytes demonstrated aGVHD and contained markedly elevated serum levels of IL-18. In contrast, recipients having transplantation with gld/gld spleen cells, which lack functional Fas ligand (FasL), contained only normal ranges of IL-18, indicating FasL-mediated IL-18 release in aGVHD. The wild-type hosts engrafted with caspase-1–deficient cells revealed marked increases of IL-18 similar to those engrafted with wild-type cells, whereas caspase-1–deficient recipients engrafted with wild-type cells showed only a slight elevation of serum IL-18, indicating that IL-18 elevation is derived from host cells in a caspase-1–dependent manner. These results suggest FasL-mediated caspase-1–dependent IL-18 secretion in aGVHD in mice.
Intensified and Shortened Cyclical Chemotherapy for Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Linker Charles , Damon Lloyd , Ries Curt , Navarro Willis 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and toxicity of a new treatment program of intensified and shortened cyclical chemotherapy (protocol 8707) in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Previously untreated adults ≤ 60 years old with ALL were treated with a four-agent induction chemotherapy regimen. This was followed by cyclical postremission therapy with high-dose cytarabine/etoposide; high-dose methotrexate/6-mercaptopurine; and daunorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and asparaginase. Maintenance chemotherapy with oral methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine was continued for 30 months. CNS prophylaxis was given with intrathecal methotrexate in addition to the systemic chemotherapy indicated above. RESULTS: Seventy-eight of 84 patients (93%) achieved complete remission. With a median follow-up of 5.6 years, 5-year event-free survival (EFS) of all remission patients is 52%. Patients with high-risk features including adverse cytogenetics, failure to achieve remission with the first cycle of chemotherapy, and B-precursor disease with WBC counts more than 100,000/μL all relapsed unless taken off study for transplantation. For patients without these high-risk features, 5-year EFS was 60%. Compared with our previous treatment regimen, results appear to be improved for patients with standard-risk B-precursor disease (5-year EFS, 66% v 34%; P = .01). CONCLUSION: Intensified and shortened chemotherapy may improve the outcome for patients with ALL with B-precursor disease lacking high-risk features. Further trials of this regimen are warranted.
Phase II Trial of the Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin in Previously Treated Metastatic Endometrial Cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: Muggia Franco M. , Blessing John A. , Sorosky Joel , Reid Gary C. 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: To determine whether pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) has antitumor activity in pretreated patients with persistent or recurrent endometrial carcinoma and to define the nature and degree of toxicity of PLD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women with histologically documented recurrent or persistent measurable endometrial carcinoma and with failure of one prior treatment regardless of prior anthracycline therapy were enrolled. PLD was administered intravenously over a 1-hour period at a dose of 50 mg/m2 every 4 weeks; the dosage was modified in accordance with observed toxicity. RESULTS: Of 46 patients entered, 42 were assessable for response, as three were declared ineligible on central pathology review and one was not assessable for response. Forty had received prior chemotherapy, 11 hormonal therapy, and 29 radiation therapy. Doxorubicin had been given to 32 patients, carboplatin with paclitaxel to six, carboplatin to one, and fluorouracil to one. Four patients had partial responses lasting 1.1, 2.1, 3.3, and 5.4 months; the overall response rate was 9.5% (95% confidence interval, 2.7% to 22.6%). Three of these responses (in liver and in lymph node) occurred in patients who had progressed after doxorubicin with either paclitaxel or cisplatin. The median number of courses was 2.5 (range, one to 14). Toxicity was generally mild: only 25 patients experienced leukopenia, with a median WBC count of 2,900 (range, 800 to 3,900) at nadir. The only grade 4 toxicities were one episode each of esophagitis, hematuria, and vomiting. The median overall survival was 8.2 months. CONCLUSION: PLD has only limited activity in pretreated advanced, recurrent endometrial cancer, but further trials in anthracycline-naive patients and in previously untreated patients are ongoing. Its toxicity profile should permit its use in combination with myelosuppressive drugs.
Physician EHR Time and Visit Volume Following Adoption of Team-Based Documentation Support
Authors: Apathy Nate C. , Holmgren A. Jay , Cross Dori A. 
Published: August 2024

ImportancePhysicians spend the plurality of active electronic health record (EHR) time on documentation. Excessive documentation limits time spent with patients and is associated with burnout. Organizations need effective strategies to reduce physician documentation burden; however, evidence on team-based documentation (eg, medical scribes) has been limited to small, single-institution studies lacking rigorous estimates of how documentation support changes EHR time and visit volume.ObjectivesTo analyze how EHR documentation time and visit volume change following the adoption of team-based documentation approaches.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis national longitudinal cohort study analyzed physician-week EHR metadata from September 2020 through April 2021. A 2-way fixed-effects difference-in-differences regression approach was used to analyze changes in the main outcomes after team-based documentation support adoption. Event study regression models were used to examine variation in changes over time and stratified models to analyze the moderating role of support intensity. The sample included US ambulatory physicians using the EHR. Data were analyzed between October 2022 and September 2023.ExposureTeam-based documentation support, defined as new onset and consistent use of coauthored documentation with another clinical team member.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes included weekly visit volume, EHR documentation time, total EHR time, and EHR time outside clinic hours.ResultsOf 18 265 physicians, 1024 physicians adopted team-based documentation support, with 17 241 comparison physicians who did not adopt such support. The sample included 57.2% primary care physicians, 31.6% medical specialists, and 11.2% surgical specialists; 40.0% practiced in academic settings and 18.4% in outpatient safety-net settings. For adopter physicians, visit volume increased by 6.0% (2.5 visits/wk [95% CI, 1.9-3.0]; P &amp;lt; .001), and documentation time decreased by 9.1% (23.3 min/wk [95% CI, −30.3 to −16.2]; P &amp;lt; .001). Following a 20-week postadoption learning period, visits per week increased by 10.8% and documentation time decreased by 16.2%. Only high-intensity adopters (&amp;gt;40% of note text authored by others) realized reductions in documentation time, both for the full postadoption period (−53.9 min/wk [95% CI, −65.3 to −42.4]; 21.0% decrease; P &amp;lt; .001) and following the learning period (−72.2 min/wk; 28.1% decrease). Low adopters saw no meaningful change in EHR time but realized a similar increase in visit volume.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this national longitudinal cohort study, physicians who adopted team-based documentation experienced increased visit volume and reduced documentation and EHR time, especially after a learning period.
Outcomes Following Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment for Uncomplicated Appendicitis in Older Adults
Authors: Ashbrook Matthew , McGing Maggie , Cheng Vincent , Schellenberg Morgan , Martin Matthew , Inaba Kenji , Matsushima Kazuhide 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceThe optimal treatment of acute uncomplicated appendicitis in older adults with frailty is not defined.ObjectiveTo examine outcomes associated with treatment strategies for acute uncomplicated appendicitis in older adults with or without frailty.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used National Inpatient Sample data from adults 65 years or older with a diagnosis of uncomplicated appendicitis from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. Data were analyzed from July to November 2023. The National Inpatient Sample database approximates a 20% stratified sample of all inpatient hospital discharges in the US.ExposuresStudy patients were categorized into 3 groups: nonoperative management, immediate operation, and delayed operation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresClinical outcomes, including hospital complications and in-hospital mortality, were assessed among older adults with and without frailty, identified using an adapted claims-based frailty index.ResultsA total of 24 320 patients were identified (median [IQR] age, 72 [68-79] years; 50.9% female). Of those, 7290 (30.0%) were categorized as having frailty. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 1.4%, and the incidence of complications was 37.3%. In patients with frailty, multivariable analysis showed both nonoperative management (odds ratio [OR], 2.89; 95% CI, 1.40-5.98; P &amp;lt; .001) and delayed appendectomy (OR, 3.80; 95% CI, 1.72-8.43; P &amp;lt; .001) were associated with increased in-hospital mortality compared with immediate appendectomy. In patients without frailty, immediate appendectomy was associated with increased hospital complications compared with nonoperative management (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.94; P = .009) and lower hospital complications compared with delayed appendectomy (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.41-3.00; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of older adults with uncomplicated appendicitis, outcomes differed among management strategies based on frailty status. Routine frailty assessments incorporated in the care of older adult patients may help guide discussions for shared decision-making.
B‐cell depletion limits HTLV‐1‐infected T‐cell expansion and ameliorate HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy
Authors: Lv Aowei , Fang Yaofeng , Lin Xiaohong , Chen Jiaying , Song Huanhuan , Wang Ning , Chen Wan‐Jin , Fu Ying , Li Rui , Lin Yi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveHuman T‐cell leukemia virus type 1‐associated myelopathy (HAM) is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease with unclear pathogenesis and no effective treatments. We aimed to investigate a novel mechanistic theory and treat HAM patients with rituximab, which can deplete CD20+ B lymphocytes in circulation.MethodsSingle‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data was analyzed to identify HTLV‐1‐associated B cells and their effect on T cells. An observational analysis of our HAM cohort was conducted to elucidate changes in the immunological microenvironment of these patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HAM patients were isolated to explore the efficacy of B cell depletion in vitro. To assess the effect of B‐cell depletion on HAM patients, eligible participants in our cohort received rituximab therapy (NCT04004819).ResultsScRNA‐seq results suggest a significant effect of HTLV‐1‐associated B cells on T cells. Additionally, HTLV‐1 was found to infect B cells and depletion of B cells inhibited the proliferation of T cells. Number of B cells in HAM patients had positive correlation with the proviral load and infected cell counts. Depletion of B cells led to a reduction in HTLV‐1 proviral load in vitro. Furthermore, in clinical trial, 14 HAM patients were enrolled. Three patients (21.4%) who received rituximab failed to achieve remission, compared to 24 (85.7%) patients received any other therapy that failed to achieve remission. With a low level of circulating B cells, the proportion of Ki67‐positive cells in CD4+ T cells fell.InterpretationThis study provided evidence that depleting B‐lymphocytes is an innovative strategy for treating patients with HAM and broadens the understanding of the role of B cells in infectious immunity.
“Society Isn't Designed for Us to Win”: Trauma and Sexual Healthcare Experiences Among Transgender Women in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Van Gerwen Olivia T. , Muzny Christina A. , Turan Bulent , Siwakoti Krishmita , Batey D. Scott 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTransgender women (TGW) are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Experienced trauma threatens TGW's commitment to sexual healthcare. Trauma‐informed approaches to sexual healthcare can improve engagement. This study aimed to characterize the trauma experienced by TGW in the Southeastern US, especially related to sexual health. TGW completed in‐depth individual interviews guided by the Modified Social Ecological Model (MSEM) and Minority Stress framework. Interviews explored the nature of trauma, sexual health, and their intersection in TGW's lives, and a thematic analysis was performed. Between August 2022 and January 2023, 13 TGW enrolled (69% Black, 31% White). Mental illness was common (77%). Five participants (38%) were HIV+, and seven (54%) reported lifetime STI history. Themes reflected societal (barriers to healthcare, anti‐transgender legislation), community (misgendering/deadnaming), network (limited support), and individual (dysphoria, sex work, fear for physical safety, stigma, mental health conditions, race) stressors. The physical/sexual violence and resilience themes pervaded all stressor levels. Medical mistrust was exacerbated by past traumatic experiences within sexual healthcare settings. Resilience and transgender representation in healthcare settings were protective. Various experienced traumas and their cumulative effects were pervasive in the daily lives of TGW. Development of targeted interventions to improve sexual health engagement of TGW must optimize personal strengths and provide holistic support.
Non‐Coding RNA in Schwann Cell and Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Review
Authors: Huang Li‐Xin , Sun Tao , Sun Jun , Wu Zhi‐Min , Ling Cong , Zhang Bao‐Yu , Chen Chuan , Wang Hui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury (PNI) can result in severe disabilities, profoundly impacting patients' quality of life and potentially endangering their lives. Therefore, understanding the potential molecular mechanisms that facilitate the regeneration of damaged nerves is crucial. Evidence indicates that Schwann cells (SCs) play a pivotal role in repairing peripheral nerve injuries. Previous studies have shown that RNA, particularly non‐coding RNA (ncRNA), plays a crucial role in nerve regeneration, including the proliferation and dedifferentiation of SCs. In this review, the individual roles of ncRNA in SCs and PNI are analyzed. This review not only enhances the understanding of ncRNA's role in nerve injury repair but also provides a significant theoretical foundation and inspiration for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Uncovering the Intrinsic High Fracture Toughness of Titanium via Lowered Oxygen Impurity Content
Authors: Zou Xiao‐Wei , Han Wei‐Zhong , Ma En 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTitanium (Ti) and its alloys are known to exhibit room‐temperature fracture toughness below 130 MPa m1/2, only about one half of the best austenitic stainless steels. It is purported that this is not the best possible fracture resistance of Ti, but a result of oxygen impurities that sensitively retard the activities of plasticity carriers in this hexagonal close‐packed metal. By a reduction of oxygen content from the 0.14 wt% in commercial purity Ti to 0.02 wt%, the mode‐Ι fracture toughness of the low‐oxygen Ti is measured to be as high as KJIc ≈ 255 MPa m1/2, corresponding to J‐integral‐based crack‐initiation toughness of up to JIc ≈ 537 kJ m−2. This extraordinary toughness, reported here for the first time for pure Ti, places Ti among the toughest known materials. The intrinsic high fracture resistance is attributed to the profuse plastic deformation in a significantly enlarged plastic zone, rendered by the pronounced deformation twinning ahead of the crack tip along with ample twin‐stimulated 〈c+a〉 dislocation activities, in the absence of impeding oxygen. Controlling the content of a property‐controlling impurity thus holds the promise to be a readily applicable strategy to reach for unprecedented damage tolerance in some other structural alloys.
Optimization of the Transmission X‐Ray Target Toward Obtaining Monochromatic Radiation
Authors: Urbański Paweł , Grzebyk Tomasz , Krysztof Michał , Nowak Damian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe article presents a process of designing and optimizing a transmission X‐ray target allowing to obtaining of near monochromatic radiation. It describes how the choice of materials, their thickness, and the energy of electrons influence the generated X‐ray spectra and which of the physical phenomena plays the most important role in this process. Due to the analytical, experimental, and simulation results, the authors prepared a Ni‐Si bilayer structure, which produces radiation confined to more than 50% within a single 7.2 keV emission peak.
Ba2+‐Si4+‐Incorporated High‐Efficiency and Excellent Thermal Stable YAG:Ce3+ Ceramic Phosphors for Laser‐Driven Lighting
Authors: Hu Pan , Liu Yongfu , Sun Peng , Luo Zhaohua , Jiang Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractY3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce3+) ceramic phosphor (CP) is the predominant color convert utilized in laser‐diode (LD) driven lighting. How to obtain a high‐efficiency CP is the challenge. A strategy to depress lattice defects by the Ba2+‐Si4+ replacement for the Y3+‐Al3+ pair is proposed. On the basis of charge equilibrium, the heavy element Ba also can enhance the thermal stability of CPs. The luminous intensity at 200 °C is improved from 83% to 97% of that at room temperature, and then the luminous efficiency reaches 262 lm W−1 from blue lasers to white light. The luminous flux of the white LD flashlight using the CP increases by 30% compared with that of the commercial LD flashlight. These results demonstrate that the strategy is effective in optimizing YAG:Ce3+ CP performance. The luminescence saturation coupled with optics and heat is investigated.
Electroreduction of CO to 2.8 A cm⁻2 C2+ Products: Maximizing Efficiency with Minimalist Electrode Design Featuring a Mesopore‐Rich Hydrophobic Copper Catalyst Layer
Authors: Chen Silu , Rowley Ben , Ganganahalli Ramesha , Yeo Boon Siang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work shows how hydrophobicity and porosity can be incorporated into copper catalyst layers (CLs) for the efficient electroreduction of CO (CORR) in a flow cell. Oxide‐derived (OD) Cu catalysts are synthesized using K+ and Cs+ as templates, termed respectively as OD‐Cu‐K and OD‐Cu‐Cs. CLs, assembled from OD‐Cu‐K and OD‐Cu‐Cs, exhibit enhanced CORR performance compared to “unmodified” OD‐Cu CL. OD‐Cu‐Cs can notably reduce CO to C2+ products with Faradaic efficiencies (FE) as high as 96% (or 4% FE H2). During CO electrolysis at −3000 mA cm−2 (−0.73 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode), C2+ products and the alcohols are formed with respective current densities of −2804 and −1205 mA cm−2. The mesopores in the OD‐Cu‐Cs CL act as barriers against electrolyte flooding. Contact angle measurements confirm the CL's hydrophobicity ranking: OD‐Cu‐Cs > OD‐Cu‐K > OD‐Cu. The enhanced hydrophobicity of a catalyst is proposed to allow more triple‐phase (CO‐electrolyte‐catalyst) interfaces to be available for CORR. This study shows how the pore size‐hydrophobicity relationship can be harvested to guide the design of a less‐is‐more Cu electrode, which can attain high CORR current density and selectivity, without the additional use of hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene particles or dopants, such as Ag.
Initializing Compression Stress to Stabilize the Phase Homogeneity in Bifacial Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Hangjuan , Wang Ziyu , Ma Junjie , Cai Meng , Xu Xuanchen , Han Mengqi , Peng Shou , Song Yanlin , Zhang Yiqiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSemitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST‐PSCs) hold great promise for various commercial applications, including building integrated photovoltaics and tandem solar cells. The all‐inorganic perovskite, known for its outstanding optical transparency and thermal stability, emerges as a top contender for ST‐PSCs. However, challenges persist due to phase segregation, which hampers charge carrier transport and operational stability. In this study, an approach is proposed to address these challenges by employing strain engineering to reconstruct the perovskite texture, eliminating inhomogeneities within the perovskite film. The crucial role of compressive strain in stabilizing lattice rigidity and suppressing light‐induced ion migration is demonstrated. Furthermore, a transparent light‐harvesting architecture is devised utilizing a sandwiched layer of gold embedded between MoO3. This design enhances power generation by efficiently harnessing incident light from both the front and rear panel surfaces. Therefore, bifacial ST‐PSCs achieve an equivalent efficiency (ηeq) of 13.97% with an average visible light transmittance of 41.58%, yielding an outstanding light utilization efficiency of up to 5.8%. This research not only advances the understanding of perovskite material phase‐segregation behavior but also introduces an effective strategy for enhancing optical gain without compromising the semitransparent characteristics.
Manipulating Hardness to Construct Favorable Electrode Microstructures for All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Chen Zhaoyang , Ai Qing , Lakraychi Alae Eddine , Wu Chaoshan , Zhao Lihong , Guo Liqun , Hadjiev Viktor G. , Guo Hua , Fan Zheng , Lou Jun , Liang Yanliang , Yao Yan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries hold great promise for achieving high energy densities. Fabrication of solid‐state electrodes involves cold compaction of the active material—typically an oxide—with a sulfide electrolyte, during which the softer sulfide particles deform and enwrap the harder oxide particles to afford an “active material‐in‐electrolyte” microstructure where the electrolyte forms a continuous ion‐conducting network. This mechanism however does not apply to emerging active materials that promise even higher energy densities like organic and sulfur‐based compounds. These materials are softer than sulfides and form unfavorable “electrolyte‐in‐active material” microstructures where ionic conduction is interrupted. Improvement of these electrodes is challenging in the absence of strategies to overcome the intrinsic material hardnesses. Here, it is demonstrated how the relative hardness difference can be reversed by simultaneously “softening” a sulfide electrolyte Li6PS5Cl by solvent treatment and “hardening” an organic material pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone (PTO) through partial lithiation. The lithiated PTO ends up harder than the treated Li6PS5Cl, thus forming the favorable “active material‐in‐electrolyte” microstructure. Cell performance improved as a result, including a 91% increase in material utilization compared with electrodes with unfavorable microstructures, as well as enhanced discharge−charge rates and cycling stability. Such a hardness manipulation strategy has broad applications in solid‐state devices and energy storage.