bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-aggregation Phenomenon and Stable Flow Conditions in a Two-Phase Flow Through a Minichannel
Authors: Górski Grzegorz , Litak Grzegorz , Mosdorf Romuald , Rysak Andrzej 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
By increasing a water flow rate of the two-phase (air–water) flow through a minichannel, both the partitioning of air slugs into air bubbles of different sizes and small air bubbles aggregation into larger air bubbles were identified. These phenomena were studied in detail by using the corresponding sequences of light transmission time series recorded with a laser-phototransistor sensor. To distinguish any instabilities in air slugs along with their break-ups and aggregations, the recurrence plots and recurrence quantification analysis were applied.
A Novel Cell for Studying Ionic Transport in Powders During
Compaction and Its Application to Lithium Silicate Glass Powder
Authors: Murawski Dawid , Roß Sebastian , Behrens Harald 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A new cell was developed to study the behavior of powders during axial
compaction at temperatures up to 950 K and pressures up to
1 GPa. Electrical conductivity of the sample is measured by
impedance spectroscopy. Change of sample volume can be simultaneously
monitored using linear variable differential transducers. Flushing
with gases allows pre-conditioning of material surfaces before
compaction. The cell was tested with two different grain size
fractions (60–150 μm and 200–250 μm) of lithium trisilicate glass in the brittle deformation range
(315 K) and in the partially plastic deformation range
(ca. 660 K). The DC conductivity increases linearly with
pressure up to 750 MPa at about 660 K. Lower
conductivity for the smaller grain size fraction under these
conditions is attributed to higher shares of pores between the grains,
acting as
resistors.
Optimization and Initial Evaluation of 1,2-Indandione as a Reagent for Fingerprint Detection
Authors: Gardner SJ , Hewlett DF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
1,2-Indandione has been used to develop fluorescent fingerprints on porous materials such as paper. The compound reacts with amino acid residues to produce highly fluorescent fingerprint ridges. An optimized formulation and treatment protocol for using the reagent is presented here.
The reagent is applied as a solution in HFE7100 containing acetic acid and ethyl acetate. Treated articles are heated at 100°C for 10 min at ambient humidity and stored in the dark before recording the fingerprints using fluorescence photography or digital imaging.
Photodecomposition of the fluorescent fingerprints has been observed. Storage in the dark reduces degradation, extending the lifetime of the fingerprints. Other chemical methods to stabilize the fingerprints proved unsuccessful.
Comparisons of the performance of 1,2-indandione with DFO in CFC113 performed on a limited range of substrates indicated that the reagent might be an effective method for the development of latent fingerprints despite the new reagent producing less intense fluorescence.
The Reliability of Digitized Radiographs for Dental Identification: A Web-Based Study
Authors: Pretty IA , Pretty RJ , Rothwell BR , Sweet D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the era of Daubert and other judicial rulings pertaining to the acceptability of forensic evidence, it is increasingly important that experts are able to testify that their methods have been scientifically tested and that error rates and other factors relating to reliability have been published. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of digitized radiographic comparisons for the purposes of dental identification. Participants with various forensic backgrounds and experience levels were passively recruited to the website. Ten forensic identification cases composed of antemortem and postmortem dental radiographs were supplied to examiners using a bespoke website. Participants responded to the cases on two occasions after a one-month washout interval using the ABFO conclusion levels for forensic identifications. A total of 115 first attempts and 87 matched second attempts were received. Of the total responses, 72% were dentally trained respondents who had completed at least one forensic identification case; of these, 38% were experienced forensic dentists who had completed more than 25 identifications. Data relating to accuracy, intra- and inter-examiner agreement, and the effect of case difficulty are presented. Mean accuracy was 85.5% for all cases, with the experienced forensic dentists obtaining a 91% success rate. The inter-examiner agreement on the negative identification cases was classified as poor. The data suggest that dental identifications resulting from the comparison of postmortem and antemortem radiographs are valid, accurate, and reliable when undertaken by experienced odontologists.
Hyperextension and Rotation of Head Causing Internal Carotid Artery Laceration with Basilar Subarachnoid Hematoma
Authors: Kindelberger D , Gilmore K , Catanese CA , Armbrustmacher VW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Hyperextension of the head can cause injury to the vessels at the base of the brain. These lacerations are believed to be caused by stretching of the vessels due to the abrupt movement of the head and rotational acceleration of the brain within the cranium, and they usually occur in the intracranial portions of the vessels, producing a subarachnoid hemorrhage. This is the case of a 35-year-old man who received a blow to the face that forcefully hyperextended and rotated his head to the left. Autopsy revealed an intracranial right internal carotid laceration extending from a calcified atherosclerotic plaque. This unusual injury may be due to a combination of blunt force applied to the head and the alteration of the vessel's structural and functional capacities secondary to atherosclerosis.
Bilateral Fractures of the Coronoid Processes: Differential Diagnosis of Intra-Oral Gunshot Trauma and Scavenging Using a Sheep Crania Model
Authors: Puskas CM , Rumney DT 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Approximately half of the skeleton of an adult male (minus the cranium) was found in a forested part of Greater Vancouver, Canada, in August 2000 by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Authorities ruled the death as suicide. The only compelling signs of perimortem trauma were symmetrically fractured coronoid processes of the mandible, which can be attributed to a gunshot in the mouth. However, the remains had also been scavenged by canids, raising a problem in differential diagnosis. Could canid scavenging produce bilateral fracturing of the mandible indistinguishable from gunshot wounds to the mouth? We found that canid scavengers could not mimic the type of damage to the mandible caused by intra-oral gunshot wounding using a sheep model (n = 20). Bilateral fracturing of the coronoid processes was found to be characteristic of intra-oral gunshot wounding, while canid scavengers typically ignore this region of the mandible.
Rapid Quantification and Sex Determination of Forensic Evidence Materials
Authors: Andreasson H , Allen M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
DNA quantification of forensic evidence is very valuable for an optimal use of the available biological material. Moreover, sex determination is of great importance as additional information in criminal investigations as well as in identification of missing persons, no suspect cases, and ancient DNA studies. While routine forensic DNA analysis based on short tandem repeat markers includes a marker for sex determination, analysis of samples containing scarce amounts of DNA is often based on mitochondrial DNA, and sex determination is not performed. In order to allow quantification and simultaneous sex determination on minute amounts of DNA, an assay based on real-time PCR analysis of a marker within the human amelogenin gene has been developed. The sex determination is based on melting curve analysis, while an externally standardized kinetic analysis allows quantification of the nuclear DNA copy number in the sample. This real-time DNA quantification assay has proven to be highly sensitive, enabling quantification of single DNA copies. Although certain limitations were apparent, the system is a rapid, cost-effective, and flexible assay for analysis of forensic casework samples.
A New Method for Collection and Identification of Gunshot Residues from the Hands of Shooters
Authors: Reis ELT , Souza Sarkis JE , Neto ON , Rodrigues C , Kakazu MH , Viebig S 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This work presents a novel collection method for gunshot residues (GSR) using a sampling procedure based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution as a complexing agent on moistened swabs. Detection was via a sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HRICP-MS). The proposed collection and analytical method allowed detection of antimony (Sb), barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) after .38 shot tests, at detection limits of less than 1 µg L-1 in four different areas of the hands of volunteers. This paper includes a discussion concerning hand areas near the thumb and forefinger as being more suitable for GSR collection as well as a comparison between differences observed using 2% diluted EDTA, 2% nitric acid solution, and simple deionized water as collecting solutions, proving the superior efficiency of EDTA in GSR recoveries.
Higher Failures of Amelogenin Sex Test in an Indian Population Group
Authors: Chang YM , Burgoyne LA , Both K 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The human sex test in forensic multiplexes is based on the amelogenin gene on both the X and Y chromosomes commonly used in sex genotyping. In this study of 338 male individuals in a Malaysian population comprising Malays, Chinese and Indians, using the AmpFCSTR® Profiler Plus™ kit, the amelogenin test gave a significant proportion of null alleles in the Indian ethnic group (3.6% frequency) and 0.88% frequency in the Malay ethnic group due to a deletion of the gene on the Y chromosome. This sex test also failed in a forensic casework sample. Failure of the amelogenin test highlights the need for more reliable sex determination than is offered by the amelogenin locus in the Malay and Indian populations. The gender of the Indian-Malay amelogenin nulls was confirmed by the presence of three Y-STR alleles (DYS438, DYS390 and DYS439). For the Indian ethnic group, one of the Y-STR forms a stable haplotype with the amelogenin null. The amelogenin-deletion individuals also showed a null with a male-specific minisatellite MSY1, indicating that a very large deletion was involved that included the amelogenin and the MSY1 loci on the short arm of the Y chromosomes (Yp).
Utility of Dorsal Pits and Pubic Tubercle Height in Parity Assessment
Authors: Snodgrass JJ , Galloway A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Parity indicators in human skeletal material are highly desirable yet elusive. In this study, the relationships of dorsal pits and pubic tubercle elongation to parity are investigated in a sample of 148 modern female sets of pubic bones with associated birth information. The elongation of the pubic tubercle shows no significant correlation with number of births, but instead is associated with the distance this feature is from the pubic symphysis (p &lt; 0.01) and the size of the arcuate angle (p &lt; 0.05). Dorsal pits show a strong association with increasing numbers of births (p &lt; 0.01), especially in younger women. However, in women over 50 years old, dorsal pitting is correlated with BMI (p &lt; 0.05) and is not significantly correlated with number of births. While this study lends support to the correlation of dorsal pitting and parity, it currently does not reach the level of accuracy needed for forensic applications at the level of the individual.
Validation and Uses of a Y-Chromosome STR 10-Plex for Forensic and Paternity Laboratories
Authors: Johnson CL , Warren JH , Giles RC , Staub RW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) provide valuable information in cases of rape and questioned paternity, and they allow for the genetic identification of male lineages. The present study validated a Y-STR 10-plex on the ABI PRISM® 3100 Genetic Analyzer for use in forensic and paternity laboratories at Orchid Cellmark. Following optimization of the polymerase chain reaction, father-son pairs were analyzed to ensure that each pair generated identical haplotypes. This study demonstrated that the 10-plex is sensitive to 0.125 ng of input DNA and that female samples mixed with male samples did not interfere with Y-STR haplotyping. In a sample of 525 males, there were three instances of locus multiplication, two at DYS19 and one at DYS435. Overall, haplotype diversity was 0.996, suggesting that the 10-plex can effectively distinguish among male lineages.
New Developments in SPME, Part 1: The Use of Vapor-Phase Deprotonation and On-Fiber Derivatization with Alkylchloroformates in the Analysis of Preparations Containing Amphetamines
Authors: Brown HB , Kirkbride KP , Pigou PE , Walker GS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Due to their high polarity and low vapor pressure, most amine salts of amphetamine-type drugs are not directly amenable to headspace recovery using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Described in this article is a simple vapor-phase procedure for the conversion of solid drug salt samples into their free bases by the use of triethylamine. This process can be conducted simultaneously with headspace SPME, the outcome being that solid drug salts can be sampled directly for GC-MS without the need for dissolution and chemical processing. Potential applications for this methodology include the noninvasive recovery of drug traces from objects such as banknotes and garments.
This new process for recovery of amphetamine-type drugs has been combined with on-fiber derivatization using alkylchloroformates. This extra step was included to improve the chromatographic performance of analytes and allow for the resolution of drug enantiomers.
Analysis and Classification of Common Vegetable Oils
Authors: Pitts SJ , Thomson CI 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The analysis of fatty acids from common vegetable oils was investigated for application to forensic casework. A base-catalyzed transesterification of the fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters using tetramethylammonium hydroxide was simple, rapid, straightforward and inexpensive. Canola, corn, olive, peanut, safflower, soybean and sunflower oils were able to be classified based on their fatty acid methyl ester profiles. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the detection limits for canola, corn, olive, peanut and safflower oils were determined to be 0.4 mg/mL or less and 0.2 mg/mL or less for soybean and sunflower oils.
Population Data of ABO Gene Applicable to Human Identification in Koreans
Authors: Shin K , Yang Y , Choi J , Yoon C , Park K , Cho S , Kim C 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Genomic DNA was isolated from buccal swabs by the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN). The primers used for amplification and sequencing of exon 6 and 7 of ABO gene were suggested by Lee and Chang (1), and Ogasawara et al. (2), respectively. About 1-2 ng of genomic DNA was used for PCR in 25 μL reaction volume. PCR mixture contained 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.5, 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 200 μM of each dNTP, 0.25 μM of each primer, and 1 U of AmpliTaq Gold DNA Polymerase (Applied Biosystems). Thermal cycling was performed initially at 95°C for 10 min, then 35 cycles consisting of 95°C for 1 min, 60°C for 1 min for exon 6 and 63°C for 1 min for exon 7, 72°C for 1 min, followed by 10 min extension at 72°C in a GeneAmp PCR System 9600 (Perkin Elmer).
Population Data of Three X-Chromosomal STRs: DXS7132, DXS7133 and GATA172D05 in North Italy
Authors: Turrina S , De Leo D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The samples for database studies were obtained from 175 unrelated healthy individuals (85 women and 90 men) living and born in North Italy. The DNA from blood samples was extracted using a GenomicPrep Blood DNA Isolation Kit (APB, Milano, Italy), according to the manufacturer's instructions. The quantity of human DNA was determined by spectrophotometry. Aliquots of 2-5 ng of target DNA were amplified in singlepex with the primers reported by Edelmann (1) for DXS7133, GATA172D05 and newly designed forward primer for DXS7132.
HLA-DQA1 and Polymarker in the Uros Population from Peruvian Highland
Authors: Torres G , Quinones M , Hau J , Perez L , Garcia O 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The Uros population is one of the probably older indigenous populations from the Peru. It is located in the floating islands on Lake Titicaca in the Peruvian Highland. Its native language is Aymara, which persists in all its residents, being children and young adults who also dominate Spanish as a second language. The waters of the lake, as well as its firm ancestral culture have been factors that have maintained this closed population; they have maintained their ethnic characteristics for centuries. The total population of the Uros in the year 2002 is little less than 400 inhabitants (1).
Review of: Mute Witness Trace Evidence Analysis
Authors: Palenik S 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This carefully produced book has much to recommend it. The editor has brought together, in nine chapters, a selection of case histories told from the forensic scientist's point of view; a rare feat in an age when forensic science is presented to the public from the peculiar viewpoint of the screenwriter. It presents a realistic, behindthe-scenes look at the science of trace evidence analysis and how it is used today in the solution and prosecution of crimes. It appears at a particularly important moment in the history of forensic science because for the lay public, and many young forensic scientists as well, DNA analysis is believed to be the forensic science. Real trace evidence analysis, to those unaccustomed to the rich history and successes of this particular branch of forensic practice, is often regarded by many as a poor stepchild whose time has come and gone. This volume, and another to follow with yet more cases, proves that this is not so. It does, however, illustrate that trace evidence examinations today are the province of the analyst. The mere comparator (to which some trace evidence examiners degenerated) is, fortunately, becoming a relic of the past. This is illustrated time and again here by means of very readable narratives, photographs, drawings, tables, photomicrographs and spectra. Practicing forensic scientists, both new to the field (by whom this book should especially be read) and older, experienced practitioners will both profit by reading the stories of these cases written by the forensic scientists who actually investigated them.
Review of: Henry Lee's Crime Scene Handbook
Authors: Bommarito CR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Dr. Henry Lee is an icon in modern forensic science. He has reconstructed and testified in several of the most high profile cases in the United States over the past few decades. He is also an engaging speaker who I have had the privilege of hearing lecture several times over the last decade. Therefore, I had high expectations of his recent publication "Henry Lee's Crime Scene Handbook" written by Dr. Lee, Timothy Palmbach, and Marilyn T. Miller.
Allele Frequencies of Four Short Tandem Repeat Loci in Chinese Han Population
Authors: Huang D , Yang Q , Yu C 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood extracted with Chelex-100 method (1). PCR was performed in a total reaction volume of 20 µL containing 20 ng genomic DNA, 0.2 µM each primer, 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.3), 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 200 RM each dNTP, and 1 U Taq DNA polymerase (BioStar, Canada). Primer sequences: D2S1788: 5 -aat gga tgg aca aat gga tg-3, 5 -ccc tcc ata att aga tga gcc-3; D6S1043: 5 -caa gga tgg gtg gat caa ta-3, 5 -ttg tat gag cca ctt ccc at-3; D7S3048: 5 -ctg gag ctg cat agt gtc ct-3, 5 -aat cat ccc tgt gtg ctt tc-3; D12S1064: 5 -act act cca agg ttc cag cc-3, 5 -aat att gac ttt ctc ttg cta ccc-3. PCR conditions: 95°C for 2 min soak, 32 cycles of 35 s at 94°C, 35 s at 60°C, 40 s at 72°C followed by a 5 min extension period at 72°C. The amplification products were separated in a vertical, native polyacrylamide gel (6% T; 5% C) and visualized by silver staining. Allele frequencies and others statistics parameters for forensic and paternity were determined for each locus by the PowerStats software packages (2). The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test (HWE) was performed by an exact test (3). None of the analyzed loci showed deviations from HWE (P &gt; 0.05) in the population studied. The complete dataset is available to any interested researcher upon request to the authors.
Review of: Hair ID: An Interactive Tool for Identifying Australian Mammalian Hair
Authors: Houck MM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Anyone who's studied animal hairs microscopically generally refers to Brunner and Coman's book (1), The Identification of Mammalian Hair, as "The Book." Very few comprehensive references are available for animal hairs and the interested microscopist must search and hunt for old and mostly out-of-print references (2). Hair ID is a modern and excellent addition to the animal hair literature. It is simple, fast, and flexible. An excellent training aid and reference, every forensic science laboratory and forensic educational program should own a copy of Hair ID.
Realisation of the Knowledge Management Process in Study - related Performance of Academic Departments
Authors: Misiūnaitė - Bačiauskienė Eglė , Jucevičienė Palmira 
Published: August 2015

The context of knowledge management determines the following research question: how theoretical constructs of knowledge management are realised in the performance of academic departments? The research aim is to identify the implementation of study-related knowledge management process at academic department.
The empirical research is based on the case study strategy. After targeted selection of cases, in-depth interviews were carried out at two academic departments, where groups of experts had been identified. The collected data were processed by criterion-based analysis. The Department X possesses expertise in education and methodological competence in curriculum construction and study process realisation; study-related processes of collective and individual knowledge management are articulated by study-related terminology and informal identification of knowledge in the process of social interaction dominates here; unfortunately little coordination is given to the acquisition, dissemination, creation, storage and application of knowledge.
The Department Y informally reduces the study-related knowledge to the concept of professionalism and knowledge of the study programme content; methodological competence of designing and implementing a study programme (module) is referred to as developing. In this context, the need for knowledge acquisition is realised by attracting external expert knowledge. At this Department, the process of study related knowledge is not systemic and strongly coordinated; individual not collective efforts prevail.
Summarising the analysis of the two case-studies, it is evident that a formalized system of knowledge management has not been yet created and implemented in the departments. However, the educational and subject-related competences of the department lead to unintentional knowledge management process that is naturally taking place through the process of studies management with the prevailing non-formal activities of organizational knowledge identification, acquisition, creation, dissemination, storage and application.