bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diabetic sausage toe: Prevalence, presentation and outcomes
Authors: Yammine Kaissar , Mouawad Joseph , Abou Orm Ghadi , Assi Chahine , Hayek Fady 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOsteomyelitis (OM) in diabetic foot infection could have many presentations such as an infected ulcer spreading to the bone or superimposed to Charcot neuroarthropathy. However, the sausage toe as a diabetic OM presentation was very rarely investigated; therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and signs of this presentation along with treatment modalities and outcomes. This is a retrospective series of patients presenting a sausage toe on admission. Several methods were conducted to diagnose OM, and three treatment modalities were applied. Two groups were compared: acute and chronic sausage toes. Outcomes were defined as sausage toe prevalence, ulcer location, OM prevalence, and comparative treatment results. Out of 82 diabetic toe infection cases, 24 (30%) presented as ‘sausage toe’. The side of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the lateral toes was the most frequent ulcer location (50%), mostly on the dorsal aspect followed by the side aspect. There were 15 (62.5%) acute cases and 9 (37.5%) chronic cases. MRI showed signs of OM in 21 (87.5%) cases and signs of septic arthritis in 3 (12.5%) cases. At the final follow‐up, a successful treatment was recorded in five (20%) cases with antibiotics alone. Out of the 19 (42%) procedures, conservative surgery was performed successfully in 8 (58%) cases while amputation was needed in 11 (45.8%) cases. There was no significant difference in amputation frequency between acute and chronic groups. This is the first study documenting the sausage toe as a prevalent presentation of diabetic toe infection. The deformity is conclusive of deep infection with a very high osteomyelitis frequency. Surgery is often required for infection control and healing, mainly for chronic cases, and treatment outcomes did not differ between acute and chronic sausage toe groups. It could be beneficial to include this entity in the diabetic wound classification systems.
Comparison of the wound healing and complications of zipper type closure adhesive tape and stapler for surgical wound suture: A randomized control, single‐centre, open‐label trial
Authors: Jung Gyoohwan , Song Sang Hun , Kim Bo Ri , Shin Jae Moon , Huh Chang‐Hun , Lee Sangchul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractXkin closure is a newly developed medical suture device for lacerations and surgical wounds that can reduce scarring, pain and the risk of infection compared with conventional sutures or staplers. A randomized controlled study was performed to compare the wound healing effects and complications of Xkin closure with stapler closure. Fifty patients who underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer were randomly assigned. Only the wound above the navel, which was extended to take out the prostate was targeted. The wound was examined at 2, 6 and 12 weeks after surgery, and the modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS), scar height and side effects were assessed with a 3D skin analyser. Forty‐six patients (23 Xkin, 23 Stapler) were analysed. The mVSS scores, vascularity and pliability were significantly lower in the Xkin group compared with the stapler group at the 12‐week follow‐up. No significant differences in the maximum peak and depth of the scars were detected between the two groups using 3D photographs at 12 weeks. Xkin is an effective wound closure method for improving scar outcomes. This method is expected to be widely used for surgical wounds and lacerations caused by trauma in daily life.
Room‐temperature bulk plasticity and tunable dislocation densities in KTaO3
Authors: Fang Xufei , Zhang Jiawen , Frisch Alexander , Preuß Oliver , Okafor Chukwudalu , Setvin Martin , Lu Wenjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe report room‐temperature bulk plasticity mediated by dislocations in single‐crystal cubic potassium tantalate oxide (KTaO3), contrasting the conventional knowledge that single‐crystal KTaO3 is susceptible to brittle fracture. A mechanics‐based combinatorial experimental approach using cyclic Brinell indentation, scratching, and uniaxial bulk compression consistently demonstrates room‐temperature dislocation plasticity in KTaO3 from the mesoscale to the macroscale. This approach also delivers tunable dislocation densities and plastic zone size. Scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis underpins the activated slip system to be <110> {10}. Given the growing significance of KTaO3 as an emerging electronic oxide and the increasing interest in dislocations for tuning the physical properties of oxides, our findings are expected to trigger synergistic research interest in KTaO3 with tunable dislocation densities.
Long‐proboscid horseflies (Philoliche: Tabanidae) as pollinators of co‐adapted plants in Africa and Asia
Authors: Johnson Steven D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElongated nectar‐feeding mouthparts have evolved in several fly families, most notably Nemestrinidae, Bombyliidae and Tabanidae. Plants pollinated by these “long‐proboscid flies” tend to have relatively specialized pollination systems. In this review, I focus on the blood‐ and nectar‐feeding horsefly genus Philoliche (Tabanidae: Pangoniinae) which includes species that are important pollinators of plants in Africa and, to a lesser extent, in Asia. The nectar‐feeding mouthparts of flower‐visiting Philoliche species range from 5 to 65 mm in length, with considerable intraspecific variation evident in some taxa. Plants pollinated by Philoliche species tend to have corolla tubes (or highly exerted reproductive structures) that match the proboscis dimensions of their pollinators. Some Philoliche species and their nectar host plants show population‐level covariation in proboscis lengths and flower depths that is indicative of co‐adaptation. I summarize existing information on the distribution and morphology of Philoliche species known to pollinate flowers as well as the identity, morphology and nectar properties of plants pollinated by these insects. This survey identifies some Philoliche species as keystone pollinators. Distinct guilds of plants are adapted to different horsefly species in different geographical regions and are generally ecologically reliant on these insects, although some plant species share tabanid and nemestrinid pollinators that are functionally similar on account of convergent evolution of their proboscis dimensions. Lack of information about the larval biology, nectar host plants, fire ecology and dispersal distances of Philoliche species is the biggest challenge for the conservation of these specialized pollinators and the plants that depend on them.
Promoting serious illness conversations in primary care through telehealth among persons living with cognitive impairment
Authors: Gabbard Jennifer L. , Brenes Gretchen A. , Callahan Kathryn E. , Dharod Ajay , Bundy Richa , Foley Kristie L. , Moses Adam , Williamson Jeff D. , Pajewski Nicholas M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundserious illness conversations (SIC), particularly for persons living with cognitive impairment (PLCI), inconsistently happen in primary care. Pragmatic, scalable strategies are needed to promote SIC for PLCI.DesignPragmatic, prospective single‐arm pilot study that occurred between July 1, 2021 and May 30, 2022 across seven primary care practices in North Carolina.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling patients aged 65 and older with known or probable mild cognitive impairment or dementia (with decision‐making capacity) and their care partners (if available).InterventionSIC telehealth intervention (TeleVoice) via video or telephone to assist PLCI in discussing their current goals, values, and future medical preferences, while facilitating documentation within the EHR.Main OutcomesMain feasibility outcomes included reach/enrollment, intervention completion, and adoption rates at the clinic and provider level. Primary effectiveness outcomes included SIC documentation and quality within the EHR and usage of advance care planning billing (ACP) codes.ResultsOf the 163 eligible PLCI approached, 107 (66%) enrolled (mean age 83.7 years, 68.2% female, 16.8% Black, 22% living in a geographic area of high socioeconomic disadvantage) and 81 (76%) completed the SIC telehealth intervention; 45 care partners agreed to participate (mean age 71.5 years, 80% female). Adoption at clinic level was 50%, while 75% of providers within these clinics participated. Among PLCI that completed the intervention, SIC documentation and usage of ACP billing codes was 100% and 96%, respectively, with 96% (n = 78) having high‐quality SIC documentation. No significant differences were observed between telephone and video visits.ConclusionThese findings provide preliminary evidence to support the feasibility of conducting SICs through telehealth to specifically meet the needs of community‐dwelling PLCI. Further investigation of the sustainability of the intervention and its long‐term impact on patient and caregiver outcomes is needed.
Using structural topic modeling to understand ethnicity‐related narratives
Authors: Jacobson Rachel , Westberg Dulce Wilkinson , Chou Edward , Syed Moin , Weston Sara J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveNarrative identity is a promising approach for understanding the content of individuals' ethnic identities but can be limited by the time‐intensive nature of human coding and the reliance on preestablished coding systems.BackgroundThe aim of our preregistered study is to elucidate the content of individuals' ethnicity‐related experiences using a novel statistical approach.MethodWe applied structural topic modeling (STM), a natural language processing tool, to narratives written by an ethnically diverse sample of 1149 young adults about a moment they felt aware of their ethnicity.ResultsWe identified 14 topics within ethnicity narratives and analyzed how each topic related to both the participant's ethnicity and the human‐coded themes of agency and communion. For example, the topic Gained perspective of structural inequality was associated with greater agency, whereas Peer dynamics was associated with greater communion. Ethnic/cultural celebration was associated with both.ConclusionsThis study introduces STM as a useful tool for extracting topic content in narrative data and demonstrates how the multi‐method assessment of ethnicity narratives provides greater insight into the content of ethnic experiences. These findings contribute to our understanding of contextualized aspects of personality, including the innovative ways we might examine them.
The Ecology of Human Sleep (EcoSleep) Cohort Study: Protocol for a longitudinal repeated measurement burst design study to assess the relationship between sleep determinants and outcomes under real‐world conditions across time of year
Authors: Biller Anna M. , Fatima Nayab , Hamberger Chrysanth , Hainke Laura , Plankl Verena , Nadeem Amna , Kramer Achim , Hecht Martin , Spitschan Manuel 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe interplay of daily life factors, including mood, physical activity, or light exposure, influences sleep architecture and quality. Laboratory‐based studies often isolate these determinants to establish causality, thereby sacrificing ecological validity. Furthermore, little is known about time‐of‐year changes in sleep and circadian‐related variables at high resolution, including the magnitude of individual change across time of year under real‐world conditions. The Ecology of Human Sleep (EcoSleep) cohort study will investigate the combined impact of sleep determinants on individuals’ daily sleep episodes to elucidate which waking events modify sleep patterns. A second goal is to describe high‐resolution individual sleep and circadian‐related changes across the year to understand intra‐ and inter‐individual variability. This study is a prospective cohort study with a measurement‐burst design. Healthy adults aged 18–35 years (N = 12) will be enrolled for 12 months. Participants will continuously wear actimeters and pendant‐attached light loggers. A subgroup will also measure interstitial fluid glucose levels (six paticipants). Every 4 weeks, all participants will undergo three consecutive measurement days of four ecological momentary assessments each day (‘bursts’) to sample sleep determinants during wake. Participants will also continuously wear temperature loggers (iButtons) during the bursts. Body weight will be captured before and after the bursts in the laboratory. The bursts will be separated by two at‐home electroencephalogram recordings each night. Circadian phase and amplitude will be estimated during the bursts from hair follicles, and habitual melatonin onset will be derived through saliva sampling. Environmental parameters (bedroom temperature, humidity, and air pressure) will be recorded continuously.
A neural network‐based automated methodology to identify the crack causes in masonry structures
Authors: Iannuzzo A. , Musone V. , Ruocco E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMost masonry constructions exhibit significant crack patterns caused by differential foundation settlements. While modern numerical methods effectively address forward displacement‐based problems, identifying the settlement causing a specific crack pattern remains an unsolved yet crucial challenge. For the first time, this research solves this highly non‐linear back‐engineering problem by proposing a robust and automated methodology synergizing artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the piecewise rigid displacement (PRD) method. The PRD's fast computational solving allows the generation of large datasets used to train specific ANNs through Levenberg–Marquardt and conjugate gradient algorithms. Using the location and widths of the main structural cracks as input, the proposed approach offers an instantaneous and accurate ANN‐based identification of foundation settlements that cause the detected damage scenario. The method is first validated on semicircular arches, and after that, its potential and effectiveness are demonstrated in a real engineering scenario, represented by the Deba bridge in Spain.
Impact of age at first calving on fertility and production performance in Murrah buffalo
Authors: Rautela Rupali , Kumar Sanjay , Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Phulia Sushil Kumar , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Madhu , Katiyar Rahul , Bharadwaj Anurag , Datta Tirtha Kumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present study analyses the effect of age at first calving (AFC) on future fertility and productivity in Murrah buffaloes. The data of 314 buffalo heifers of animal farm section, ICAR‐CIRB, Hisar were collected over a period of 9 years from 2010 to 2018. The buffalo heifers were categorized into six groups according to the AFC named as 30–35, 36–41, 42–47, 48–53, 54–59 and 60–65 months. The influence of AFC on standard lactation milk (SLMY), peak yield (PY), days in milk (DIM), calving to first service, service per conception, calving to conception interval (CCI) and calving interval till fifth lactation were studied. The study revealed poor productive traits in buffalo heifers calved at younger age (30–35 months) during first parity. The productive value positively corresponded with increase in AFC. During successive lactations, higher mean milk yield (SLMY and PY) was found in groups with 36–41, 42–47 and 48–53 months. The mean number of services per conception was lower in buffalo heifers with 36–41 and 42–47 months following first calving till fifth lactation. Similarly, the said groups had lower mean calving to first service, CCI and CI up to fifth lactation. The survival rate was higher in heifers with AFC 36–41, 42–47, 48–53 and 54–59 months than with AFC 30–35 and 60–65 months. The buffalo heifers with 36–41 and 42–47 months of AFC had higher survival rate and better productive and reproductive traits till fifth parity in the current study. The study concluded that a minimum ideal AFC of 36–41 months yielded the highest productive gain.
Bayesian mixture models (in)consistency for the number of clusters
Authors: Alamichel Louise , Bystrova Daria , Arbel Julyan , Kon Kam King Guillaume 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBayesian nonparametric mixture models are common for modeling complex data. While these models are well‐suited for density estimation, recent results proved posterior inconsistency of the number of clusters when the true number of components is finite, for the Dirichlet process and Pitman–Yor process mixture models. We extend these results to additional Bayesian nonparametric priors such as Gibbs‐type processes and finite‐dimensional representations thereof. The latter include the Dirichlet multinomial process, the recently proposed Pitman–Yor, and normalized generalized gamma multinomial processes. We show that mixture models based on these processes are also inconsistent in the number of clusters and discuss possible solutions. Notably, we show that a postprocessing algorithm introduced for the Dirichlet process can be extended to more general models and provides a consistent method to estimate the number of components.
Kant, silence and the Haitian Revolution
Authors: Shorter‐Bourhanou Jameliah Inga 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis discussion explores the significance of Kant's silence on the Haitian Revolution. In contrast, Kant was not silent about the French Revolution, and he also went to great lengths to publish his work on religion, which was seen as controversial. I argue that Kant's silence on the Haitian Revolution demonstrates his complicity with the status quo regarding the independence and rights of people of color.
Job training in polarizing job markets: A longitudinal analysis using administrative microdata
Authors: Didier Nicolas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloped nations have experienced a longstanding trend of reshaping the labour market's occupational structure. This trend, named job market polarization, describes how middle‐level jobs have decreased their relative share of the labour market in favour of high‐ and low‐complexity jobs. The literature has pointed to technological change as the main factor in setting this configuration, which accompanied the transition to a knowledge economy as a source of competitive advantages. Still, the narratives of technological change are anchored to specific technologies and times that do not fit the emerging challenges of the fourth industrial revolution and the increasing relevance of the digital economy. In this paper, I explore how job polarization dynamics have interacted with active labour market policies' effectiveness by focusing on job training skill premiums. I use nationally representative data to evaluate cross‐sectionally and longitudinally the relationship between job training access, job polarization, and wages. The results show that polarization poses a wage penalty while it increases the relative value of training skill premium. I discuss how the setting of a polarized market could be considered for future skill‐based interventions concerning digital technologies.
Protocols for breaking bad news in health care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Cardoso Ana Filipa , Rosendo Inês , Santiago Luiz , Neto Joana , Cardoso Daniela 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
This scoping review will map the available evidence on communication protocols for breaking bad news to adult patients and their families in health care.

Introduction:
Breaking bad news to adult patients and their families is a challenging task for health care professionals. To address these challenges, communication protocols have been developed to support health care professionals in breaking bad news in a compassionate and effective manner while respecting each patient’s individuality.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider all studies that focus on communication protocols (original or adapted versions) to break bad news to adult patients and/or their families (adults) in any health care context, regardless of the approach (face-to-face, telephone, video, or other). Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies; systematic reviews; and textual evidence papers will be considered for inclusion in this review.

Methods:
This review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The search strategy will aim to locate both published and unpublished evidence in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. The databases to be searched include CINAHL Plus Complete (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (PubMed), Academic Search Complete, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. Gray literature will also be searched for. Two independent reviewers will independently perform study selection and data extraction. Data will be extracted using a data extraction tool developed by the reviewers. Any disagreements that arise between the reviewers will be resolved through discussion or with an additional reviewer. Data will be presented in tabular and narrative format.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/s6ru7/
The Influence of Psychological Factors on Physical Activity in Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Gilgallon Timothy J. , Kim Sungwan , Glaviano Neal R. 
Published: July 2024

Context: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a prevalent chronic condition characterized by retropatellar or peripatellar pain exacerbated by various knee flexion-based activities. Previous research has highlighted the impact of psychological constructs on pain and function in chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions, yet their influence on physical activity in PFP cohorts remains unexplored. We aimed to evaluate whether pain self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing predict variations in steps per day and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among individuals with PFP. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: Thirty-nine participants (11 males) with PFP were included. Dependent variables were steps per day and minutes of MVPA. Independent variables were pain self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing, measured by the pain self-efficacy questionnaire and the pain catastrophizing scale. Participants were given an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT for 7 days to assess physical activity. Correlations were assessed between psychological measures and physical activity, and a simple linear regression was performed on psychological variables that correlated with physical activity. Alpha was set a priori at P < .05. Results: Pain self-efficacy scores displayed a moderate association with steps per day (rho = .45, P = .004) and a weak association with MVPA (rho = .38, P = .014). Pain catastrophizing scores exhibited no significant associations with physical activity (P < .05). Regression models affirmed pain self-efficacy scores as significant predictors of both steps per day (F1,37 = 10.30, P = .002) and MVPA (F1,37 = 8.98, P = .004). Conclusions: Psychological measures continue to demonstrate value to clinicians treating PFP. Pain self-efficacy scores were moderately associated with steps per day and weakly associated with MVPA, explaining nearly a fifth of the variation in physical activity. Clinicians should prioritize the assessment of pain self-efficacy when treating individuals with PFP, potentially employing psychological interventions to improve physical activity in the PFP population.
What’s going on with measles?
Authors: Moss William J. , Griffin Diane E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Measles is a highly transmissible systemic viral infection associated with substantial mortality primarily due to secondary infections. Measles induces lifelong immunity to reinfection but loss of immunity to other pathogens. An attenuated live virus vaccine is highly effective, but lapses in delivery have resulted in increasing cases worldwide. Although the primary cause of failure to control measles is failure to vaccinate, waning vaccine-induced immunity and the possible emergence of more virulent virus strains may also contribute.