bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brechas en la protección social de la salud y en los cuidados de larga duración en Europa: ¿bancarrota para la tercera edad?
Authors: Scheil‐Adlung Xenia , Bonan Jacopo 
Published: March 2013

ResumenSi bien durante muchos años los países europeos han supervisado el gasto público en prestaciones de salud y cuidados de larga duración, se ha conferido menor atención a las consecuencias financieras que representan los pagos directos personales para las personas mayores que necesitan acceder a dichas prestaciones de cuidado. A través del análisis de los datos transversales procedentes de la Encuesta de Salud, Envejecimiento y Jubilación en Europa (SHARE, por sus siglas en inglés), representativos de la población anciana de once países europeos, descubrimos que en los países europeos es muy común que las personas mayores abonen por cuenta propia las prestaciones de salud y los cuidados de larga duración. Estos gastos directos se repercuten de modo significativo en la renta disponible: el 95 por ciento de las personas mayores abonan de modo directo prestaciones médicas y el 5 por ciento de ellas, los cuidados de larga duración. Estos desembolsos provocan una disminución de los ingresos de entre el 5 y el 10 por ciento. El 0,7 por ciento de los hogares con personas mayores que recurren a prestaciones médicas y el 0,5 por ciento de los hogares con personas mayores que reciben cuidados de larga duración caen en la ruina financiera a raíz del exceso de pagos directos. Los más afectados son los pobres, las mujeres y los muy ancianos.
Global health risks and cosmopolitisation: from emergence to interference
Authors: Figuié Muriel 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAccording to Beck’s ‘World at Risk’ theory, global risks push nations towards a cosmopolitisation of their health policy and open opportunities for a democratic turn. This article provides an empirical analysis of Beck’s theory, based on the experience of Vietnamese authorities from 2003 to 2007 in managing the emerging avian flu virus. It shows how Vietnam’s framing of avian flu has shifted, under the pressure from international organisations and the US administration, from an epizootic and zoonotic risk (or a classic risk) to a pandemic threat (or a late modern risk). Vietnam’s response was part of its overall strategy to join the World Trade Organization and it was limited by Vietnam’s defence of its sovereignty. This strategy has been successful for Vietnam but has limited the possibility of cosmopolitan and democratic transformations. The case study highlights the constructed dimension of risks of late modernity and their possible instrumentalisation: it minimises the role of a community of fear relative to a community of trade.
SECURITIES LENDING AROUND PROXIES: IS THE INCREASE IN LENDING DUE TO PROXY ABUSE OR A RESULT OF DIVIDENDS?
Authors: Moser Shane M. , Ness Bonnie F. Van , Ness Robert A. Van 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe notion of empty voting, or borrowing shares of stock to vote without an equivalent economic interest, has captured the attention of both the financial press and financial researchers. We investigate the securities lending market around proxy record dates for evidence of proxy abuse. We verify a weak statistical effect for share capture at the proxy. However, after controlling for dividend record dates (when more stock lending activity occurs), incremental equity lending activity at the proxy is indistinguishable from zero.
LITIGATION RISK AND MARKET REACTION TO RESTATEMENTS
Authors: Bardos Katsiaryna Salavei , Golec Joseph , Harding John P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA large negative stock price reaction to a restatement announcement could imply a significant accounting error, or one made by a firm with a high probability of being sued. We investigate the extent to which market reactions to restatement announcements are explained by litigation risk. We model the simultaneous relation between restatement announcement abnormal returns and litigation risk and find that about half of the −9.2% average restatement announcement effect is due to expected litigation costs. We also find that the significance of the accounting error only affects abnormal return indirectly because it increases the probability of being sued.
THREE‐WAY TAKEOVERS
Authors: Xu Fangming , Zhao Huainan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn a three‐way takeover, a firm bids for a bidder while the bidder's own acquisition deal is ongoing. The bid creates a three‐party fight among the target, bidder, and bidder's bidder (b‐bidder) which is unobservable in typical takeover contests. Examining a sample of three‐way takeovers, we find that more than half of the deals are clustered in financial, utilities, and communication, where fierce competition for market power drives the three‐way bids. Targets and bidders gain from the three‐party bargaining at the expense of b‐bidders who appear to be more concerned about winning the bids irrespective of the costs.
The Effects of Foreign Trading of U.S. Treasuries
Authors: Ai Chunrong , Chatrath Arjun , Christie‐David Rohan A. , Song Frank 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe examine the effects of foreign trading of U.S. Treasuries on the market's microstructure. Two intervals, the first characterized by heavy run‐ups in foreign ownership (1/1994–6/1997), and the second by multiple indicators of peaking of foreign ownership (7/1997–2000), are followed. Our findings reveal systematic effects associated with foreign trading. For instance, reductions in liquidity and trade sizes, and increases in informational asymmetry and dealer risk aversion, accompany falling demand for Treasury debt. Moreover, in this environment, foreign trading volume plays a larger explanatory role about the market's microstructure, than in an environment of rising demand. We also find dealer reactions to foreign transactions vary across the term‐structure.
Price Discovery in Near‐ and Away‐from‐the‐Money Option Markets
Authors: Rourke Thomas 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the relative price discovery roles of near‐ and away‐from‐the‐money option markets. The evidence shows that, when considering multiple options with different strike prices jointly, option markets have an average information share of 17.6%. However, no individual option market dominates in the price discovery process, higher and lower trading activity options (i.e., near‐ and away‐from‐the‐money options, respectively) each contribute approximately equally to this process. The main implications of these results are that (1) collectively, option markets process a substantial amount of new stock price‐related information, and (2) looking across strike prices, option markets appear to be informationally nonredundant.
Population Change and Resulting Slowdown in Potential GDP Growth in China
Authors: Cai Fang , Lu Yang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAs a result of the shrinking working age population (aged 15 to 59 years), all factors that have driven China's rapid economic growth over the past 30 years tend to diminish from 2010. The present paper estimates the average annual growth rate of potential output to be 7.2 percent over the 12th Five‐year Plan period and 6.1 percent over the 13th Five‐year Plan period. Future sustainable growth requires furthering economic reform in related areas to enhance potential growth. This paper simulates two scenarios in which both an increase in labor force participation and improvement in total factor productivity can significantly enhance the potential GDP growth rate. Relevant policy implications are discussed.
A qualitative meta‐synthesis of patients' experiences of intra‐ and inter‐hospital transitions
Authors: Uhrenfeldt Lisbeth , Aagaard Hanne , Hall Elisabeth O.C. , Fegran Liv , Ludvigsen Mette Spliid , Meyer Gabriele 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo aggregate, interpret and synthesize findings from qualitative studies of patients' experiences on being transferred/in transition from one hospital to another or from one ward to another.BackgroundStudies about patients' experiences of transfer focused on concepts such as transfer stress, transfer anxiety, and translocation syndrome; however, a meta‐synthesis on experiences of transition across different patient populations was lacking.DesignThe meta‐synthesis approach was based on the guidelines by Sandelowski and Barroso.Data sourceSix electronic databases were searched for articles published between the years 1999‐2011, based on the target phenomenon: patients' experiences of transition after transfer between hospitals or units. Reference lists of included articles were screened for eligible papers.Review methodsData were analysed into meta‐summary and meta‐synthesis. The qualitative content analysis process started with a search for common themes, concepts, and metaphors.ResultsFourteen qualitative studies were included. Three main categories were identified: transfer as unpredictable, scary and stressful; transfer as recovery and relief; and transfer as sliding into insignificance. The meta‐synthesis showed patients' experiences of transitions as critical events where nurses need to focus on patient outcome of transfer as safe, predictable, and individual.ConclusionIt was difficult for patients to leave their experiences behind when feeling unimportant. Evidence existed for clinical nurses to continue the development of care quality and safety for patients in transfer/transition. Intervention studies and policy development to improve transfers and transitions for patients are recommended.
Latitudinal clines in the grasshopperDichroplus elongatus: Coevolution of the A genome and B chromosomes?
Authors: Rosetti N. , Remis M. I. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractArgentine populations ofDichroplus elongatus(Orthoptera: Acrididae) are polymorphic for B chromosomes. Previous studies showed that B chromosomes affect body size and some fitness components in Northwestern populations. We studied phenotype and B′s variation patterns along a latitudinal cline as well as the relationship between karyotype and body size related traits in 17 populations from East.Body size related traits showed a ‘saw tooth’ pattern of variation being small at low and high latitudes and large at intermediate latitudes in most of the analysed populations. Analyses of variance and principal components demonstrated that in most analysed populations B carrier males are associated with a decrease in body size related traits with respect to individuals with standard karyotype. Accordingly with the relationship between karyotype and body size, an opposite pattern of latitudinal variation in the frequencies of B′s with respect to body size variation was observed in this area.i.e. smaller individuals tend to have a higher frequency of B chromosomes. The comparison of the differentiation of both karyotype and body size traits with molecular neutral markers demonstrated the relative importance of selection moulding chromosome and phenotype variation. The observed pattern of phenotypic variation is likely to be the result of local adaptation to season length along the latitudinal gradient. The observed contrary pattern of B′s clinal variation may reflect the population ability to maintain this chromosome in relation to the local adaptation. The available evidence indicates that the distribution of B chromosome frequency was shaped by selective factors.
Food fight: sexual conflict over free amino acids in the nuptial gifts of male decorated crickets
Authors: Gershman S. N. , Hunt J. , Sakaluk S. K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn decorated crickets, Gryllodes sigillatus, the spermatophore that a male transfers at mating includes a gelatinous spermatophylax that the female consumes, delaying her removal of the sperm‐filled ampulla. Male fertilization success increases with the length of time females spend feeding on the spermatophylax, while females may benefit by prematurely discarding the spermatophylaxes of undesirable males. This sexual conflict should favour males that produce increasingly appealing spermatophylaxes, and females that resist this manipulation. To determine the genetic basis of female spermatophylax feeding behaviour, we fed spermatophylaxes to females of nine inbred lines and found that female genotype had a major influence on spermatophylax feeding duration. The amino acid composition of the spermatophylax was also significantly heritable. There was a positive genetic correlation between spermatophylax feeding duration and the gustatory appeal of the spermatophylax. This correlation suggests that genes expressed in males that produce more manipulative spermatophylaxes are positively linked to genes expressed in females that make them more vulnerable to manipulation. Outbred females spent less time feeding on spermatophylaxes than inbred females, and thus showed greater resistance to male manipulation. Further, in a nonspermatophylax producing cricket (Acheta domesticus), females were significantly more prone to feeding on spermatophylaxes than outbred female Gryllodes. Collectively, these results suggest a history of sexually antagonistic coevolution over the consumption of nuptial food gifts.
Cannibalism as an interacting phenotype: precannibalistic aggression is influenced by social partners in the endangered Socorro Isopod (Thermosphaeroma thermophilum)
Authors: Bleakley B. H. , Welter S. M. , McCauley‐Cole K. , Shuster S. M. , Moore A. J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractModels for the evolution of cannibalism highlight the importance of asymmetries between individuals in initiating cannibalistic attacks. Studies may include measures of body size but typically group individuals into size/age classes or compare populations. Such broad comparisons may obscure the details of interactions that ultimately determine how socially contingent characteristics evolve. We propose that understanding cannibalism is facilitated by using an interacting phenotypes perspective that includes the influences of the phenotype of a social partner on the behaviour of a focal individual and focuses on variation in individual pairwise interactions. We investigated how relative body size, a composite trait between a focal individual and its social partner, and the sex of the partners influenced precannibalistic aggression in the endangered Socorro isopod,Thermosphaeroma thermophilum. We also investigated whether differences in mating interest among males and females influenced cannibalism in mixed sex pairs. We studied these questions in three populations that differ markedly in range of body size and opportunities for interactions among individuals. We found that relative body size influences the probability of and latency to attack. We observed differences in the likelihood of and latency to attack based on both an individual's sex and the sex of its partner but found no evidence of sexual conflict. The instigation of precannibalistic aggression in these isopods is therefore a property of both an individual and its social partner. Our results suggest that interacting phenotype models would be improved by incorporating a new conditionalψ, which describes the strength of a social partner's influence on focal behaviour.
Vesicle dynamics: how synaptic proteins regulate different modes of neurotransmission
Authors: Chung ChiHye , Raingo Jesica 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCentral synapses operate neurotransmission in several modes: synchronous/fast neurotransmission (neurotransmitters release is tightly coupled to action potentials and fast), asynchronous neurotransmission (neurotransmitter release is slower and longer lasting), and spontaneous neurotransmission (where small amounts of neurotransmitter are released without being evoked by an action potential). A substantial body of evidence from the past two decades suggests that seemingly identical synaptic vesicles possess distinct propensities to fuse, thus selectively serving different modes of neurotransmission. In efforts to better understand the mechanism(s) underlying the different modes of synaptic transmission, many research groups found that synaptic vesicles used in different modes of neurotransmission differ by a number of synaptic proteins. Synchronous transmission with higher temporal fidelity to stimulation seems to require synaptotagmin 1 and complexin for its Ca2+ sensitivity, RIM proteins for closer location of synaptic vesicles (SV) to the voltage operated calcium channels (VGCC), and dynamin for SV retrieval. Asynchronous release does not seem to require functional synaptotagmin 1 as a calcium sensor or complexins, but the activity of dynamin is indispensible for its maintenance. On the other hand, the control of spontaneous neurotransmission remains less clear as deleting a number of essential synaptic proteins does not abolish this type of synaptic vesicle fusion. VGCC distance from the SV seems to have little control on spontaneous transmission, while there is an involvement of functional synaptic proteins including synaptotagmins and complexin. Recently, presynaptic deficits have been proposed to contribute to a number of pathological conditions including cognitive and mental disorders. In this review, we evaluate recent advances in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of synaptic vesicle dynamics and in understanding how different molecular substrates maintain selective modes of neurotransmission. We also highlight the implications of these studies in understanding pathological conditions.
Evaluation of vaginal fluid β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin for the diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Bahasadri Shohreh , Kashanian Maryam , Khalili Shokoufeh 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate vaginal fluid β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG) for the diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).Material and MethodsAn observational cross‐sectional study was performed on 123 pregnant women who were in the third trimester of their gestation (28–37 weeks). The patients were divided into three groups: (i) PPROM group (41 cases); (ii) suspected PPROM group (42 cases); and (iii) intact membranes control group (40 cases). Five milliliters of sterile normal saline was inserted into the posterior fornix of the vagina and then vaginal fluid was aspirated and sent to the laboratory for β‐hCG measurement. Finally, the amount of β‐hCG was compared in the three groups.Resultsβ‐hCG concentration was 7.71 ± 15.7 mIU/mL in the intact membrane control group, 468.06 ± 366.34 mIU/mL in the PPROM group and 176.43 ± 316.37 mIU/mL in the suspected PPROM group, which showed a significant difference between the three groups (P < 0.001). In order to find an optimal cut‐off value for β‐hCG, the receiver–operator curve was used and a cut‐off value of 79.5 mIU/mL with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 84% was determined to be optimal.Conclusionβ‐hCG was higher in the cases of PPROM and patients who were suspected to have PPROM, and may be used as a suitable, fast and reliable test for detecting rupture of membranes.
Do neonates conceived after assisted reproductive technology require neonatal surgery more frequently? A 5‐year single‐center experience
Authors: Yanagisawa Satohiko , Maeda Kosaku , Tazuke Yuko , Tsuji Yuki , Kubota Insu , Koike Yasunori , Yada Yukari , Kono Yumi , Takahashi Naoto , Matsubara Shigeki 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimAssisted reproductive technology (ART) has increased the incidences of multiple gestations and low birth weights, which frequently warrant pediatric surgery. ART may have also increased the rate of birth defects. In this study, we aimed to determine whether infants conceived after ART required neonatal surgery more frequently compared with naturally conceived infants.Material and MethodsOur study population comprised 1891 infants (160 ART (+) and 1731 ART (−)) who were admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit during a 5‐year period (January 2006–December 2010); of these, 198 infants (9 ART (+) and 189 ART (−)), with diseases requiring surgery, were referred to pediatric surgeons (consultation cases). We examined the following: (i) factors potentially increasing the requirement for surgery; (ii) frequency of birth defects; and (iii) maternal factors that may increase the need for surgery.ResultsA significantly higher incidence of multiple gestation and low birth weight was observed in the ART (+) group than the ART (−) group. However, ART did not yield a higher rate of surgery and birth defects: overall, the rate of surgery was 4% (7/160) in the ART (+) group and 8% (143/1731) in the ART (−) group. Of 198 consultation cases, the percentage of infants actually requiring surgery was approximately the same in the ART (+) group (7/9 [78%]) and the ART (−) group (143/189 [76%]).ConclusionInfants conceived after ART comprised a small proportion of neonatal surgery cases, and did not require surgery more frequently.
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test and Surface Antigen ELISAs for Antemortem Diagnosis of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis
Authors: Johnson A.L. , Morrow J.K. , Sweeney R.W. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundRecent research suggests that serum : CSF titer ratios could provide the most accurate antemortem diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) caused by Sarcocystis neurona.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the utility of two commercially available tests, the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the surface antigen 2, 4/3 ELISA (SAG2, 4/3 ELISA), using archived paired serum and CSF samples.AnimalsSamples were obtained from 4 types of clinical patients. Confirmed positive cases (n = 9 horses; 11 sample sets) had neurologic deficits and postmortem lesions consistent with EPM. Confirmed negative cases (n = 28) had variable clinical signs and postmortem lesions consistent with another disease. Suspected positive cases (n = 6) had neurologic deficits consistent with EPM, marked improvement after treatment, and exclusion of other diseases. Suspected negative cases (n = 14) had variable signs with a strong presumptive diagnosis of another disease.MethodsFor each test, descriptive statistics were calculated using serum results alone, CSF results alone, and a serum : CSF titer ratio.ResultsOverall accuracy was highest for SAG2, 4/3 ELISA titer ratio at 0.97 (95% CI 0.88–0.99) with sensitivity = 0.88 (95% CI 0.66–0.97) and specificity = 1 (95% CI 0.92–1). IFAT CSF and titer ratio results also showed high accuracy at 0.88 (95% CI 0.77–0.94), but lower sensitivity = 0.65 (95% CI 0.41–0.83).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUsing serum results alone was least accurate for both test types. The more accurate methods, such as the SAG2, 4/3 ELISA serum : CSF titer ratio, should be utilized.