bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility to Bt proteins is not required for Agrotis ipsilon aversion to Bt maize
Authors: Binning Rachel R , Coats Joel , Kong Xiaoxiao , Hellmich Richard L 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize has been widely adopted in diverse regions around the world, relatively little is known about the susceptibility and behavioral response of certain insect pests to Bt maize in countries where this maize is not currently cultivated. These are important factors to consider as management plans are developed. These factors were investigated for Agrotis ipsilon, a global pest of maize, with Cry1F and Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 maize.RESULTSAgrotis ipsilon demonstrated an initial, post‐ingestive aversive response to Cry1F maize. Development and mortality were also affected – survival on Cry1F maize tissue was 40% and weight gain of survivors of Cry1F exposure was significantly reduced. A post‐ingestive aversive response was also seen for Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 maize; however, longer‐term feeding, weight gain and survival were not affected.CONCLUSIONAgrotis ipsilon showed aversion to both Bt treatments. Aversion to Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 maize was unexpected because these proteins have no known insecticidal effect against Lepidoptera; however, results confirm that this aversion was temporary and did not affect growth or development. The Cry1F results suggest that A. ipsilon will abandon Cry1F maize in the field before any selection for resistance. These data support the use of refuge to delay Cry1F resistance development in A. ipsilon populations. © 2014 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A spirometric journey following lung transplantation
Authors: Fuller Jeremy , Paraskeva Miranda , Thompson Bruce , Snell Greg , Westall Glen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSpirometry is regarded as the primary tool for the evaluation of lung function in lung transplant (LTx) recipients. Spirometry is crucial in detecting the various phenotypes of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), including restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS) and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) – note that these phenotypes potentially have different etiologies and therapies. Following LTx for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a 60‐year‐old male recipient's lung function began to gradually improve, peaking at 5 months post‐LTx. Subsequently, with increasing impairment of graft function, the diagnosis of BOS was made. A second LTx was performed and lung function subsequently began to increase again. Unfortunately, another year on, lung function deteriorated again – this time due to the development of RAS, antibody‐mediated rejection was implicated as the possible underlying cause. This case report highlights the importance of spirometry in assessing the patterns of CLAD following LTx.
Early detection and rejection probability‐based congestion control scheme for deep space networks
Authors: Jiang Guoxing , Shen Yanqing , Chen Jun 
Published: September 2014

SummaryDeep Space Networks (DSNs) are a class of DTNs. In such networks, owing to limited radio range and node mobility, end‐to‐end paths between source and destination nodes are not available. Messages are relayed by store‐and‐forward strategy and may be buffered for long periods before being forwarded to the next hop. Therefore, the buffer of message carriers may overflow, and congestion follows. To address this issue, this paper proposes an early detection and rejection probability‐based congestion control algorithm, named ERBA, in which every intermediate node estimates rejection probability when a new message arrives and refuses to receive the message with the rejection probability, so as to avoid congestion. To validate its effectiveness, ERBA is merged into static routing (SR) and dynamic routing (DR). SR and DR are classical routing algorithms for DSNs. The simulation results show that when working with ERBA, the routing overhead of SR and DR decreases rapidly. However, the message delivery ratio also decreases. To deal with this problem, we propose a buffer‐compensation mechanism that effectively reduces the routing overhead for SR and DR without causing the reduction of the message delivery ratio.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated test case generation for FBD programs implementing reactor protection system software
Authors: Jee Eunkyoung , Shin Donghwan , Cha Sungdeok , Lee Jang‐Soo , Bae Doo‐Hwan 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYAutomated and effective testing for function block diagram (FBD) programs has become an important issue, as FBD is increasingly used in implementing safety‐critical systems. This work describes an automated test case generation technique for FBD programs and its associated tool—FBDTester. Given an FBD program and desired test coverage criteria, FBDTester generates test requirements and invokes the Satisfiability Modulo Theories solver iteratively to derive a set of test cases. An industrial case study using reactor protection system software shows that the automatically generated test suites detected at least 82% of the known faults, whereas manually generated test cases only detected approximately 35%. Mutation analysis revealed that the automatically generated test suites substantially outperformed manually generated ones. Although test sequence generation requires some manual effort in the current FBDTester, it is apparent that the proposed approach significantly improves the efficiency and the reliability of FBD testing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thin‐walled shell structures made of textile‐reinforced concrete
Authors: Scholzen Alexander , Chudoba Rostislav , Hegger Josef 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAt RWTH Aachen University recently, a pavilion was constructed with a roof shell made of textile‐reinforced concrete (TRC), a composite material consisting of a fine‐grained concrete and high‐strength, non‐corroding textile reinforcement in the form of carbon fibres. The thin‐walled TRC shell structure demonstrates impressively the loadbearing capacity of this innovative composite material. The present paper discusses the practical issues concerning the construction, such as the fabrication of the TRC shells using shotcrete, the concepts developed for the arrangement of the textile reinforcement and the erection of the shells on top of the precast concrete columns. The issues concerning the design, assessment and numerical simulation of the loadbearing behaviour of TRC shells are presented in the companion paper (Part II).
Five‐spring model for complete shear behaviour of deep beams
Authors: Mihaylov Boyan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a five‐spring model capable of predicting the complete pre‐ and post‐peak shear behaviour of deep beams. The model stems from a two‐parameter kinematic theory (2PKT) for the shear strength and displacement capacity of deep beams under single curvature. Four of the springs of the model represent the shear resistance mechanisms of the beam, while the fifth spring models the flexural behaviour. The model predicts not only the load‐displacement response, but also the deformation patterns of the beam and how these patterns change with increasing load. Validation studies are performed by using 28 tests from the literature, showing excellent results. The model is used to interpret the tests and to draw conclusions about the behaviour of deep beams. It is shown that shear strength variations of up to 60 % between nominally identical specimens can be caused by variations in the path of the critical shear cracks. It is also demonstrated that loss of bond of large reinforcing bars increases the shear capacity of deep beams. Finally, the five‐spring model is shown to predict the post‐peak shear behaviour effectively, which is important for the analysis of structures under extreme loading.
Characterization of the novel GlyT1 PET tracer [18F]MK‐6577 in humans
Authors: Joshi Aniket D. , Sanabria‐Bohórquez Sandra M. , Bormans Guy , Koole Michel , De Hoon Jan , Van Hecken Anne , Depre Marleen , De Lepeleire Inge , Van Laere Koen , Sur Cyrille , Hamill Terence G. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTDecreased glutamatergic neurotransmission is hypothesized to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Inhibition of glycine transporter Type‐1 (GlyT1) reuptake is expected to increase the glutamatergic neurotransmission and may serve as treatment for cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In this article, we present human data from a novel GlyT1 PET tracer, [18F]MK‐6577. In the process of developing a GlyT1 inhibitor therapeutic, a PET tracer can assist in determining the dose with a high probability of sufficiently testing the mechanism of action. This article reports the human PET studies with [18F]MK‐6577 for measuring GlyT1 receptor availability at baseline in normal human subjects and occupancy with a GlyT1 inhibitor, MK‐2637. Studies were also performed to measure radiation burden and the baseline test‐retest (T‐RT) variability of the tracer. The effective dose from sequential whole‐body dosimetry scans in three male subjects was estimated to be 24.5 ± 2.9 µSV/MBq (mean ± SD). The time–activity curves from T‐RT scans modeled satisfactorily using a two tissue compartmental model. The tracer uptake was highest in the pons (VT = 6.7 ± 0.9, BPND = 4.1 ± 0.43) and lowest in the cortex (VT = 2.1 ± 0.5, BPND = 0.60 ± 0.23). VT T‐RT variability measured in three subjects was <12% on average. The occupancy scans performed in a cohort of 15 subjects indicated absence of a reference region. The in vivo potency (Occ50) of MK‐2637 was determined using two methods: A: Lassen plot with a population input function (Occ50 = 106 nM, SE = 20 nM) and B: pseudo reference tissue model using cortex as the pseudo reference region (Occ50 = 141 nM, SE = 21 nM). Synapse 69:33–40, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TOPOFOLD, the designed modular biomolecular folds: polypeptide‐based molecular origami nanostructures following the footsteps of DNA
Authors: Kočar Vid , Božič Abram Sabina , Doles Tibor , Bašić Nino , Gradišar Helena , Pisanski Tomaž , Jerala Roman 
Published: September 2014

Biopolymers, the essential components of life, are able to form many complex nanostructures, and proteins in particular are the material of choice for most cellular processes. Owing to numerous cooperative interactions, rational design of new protein folds remains extremely challenging. An alternative strategy is to design topofolds—nanostructures built from polypeptide arrays of interacting modules that define their topology. Over the course of the last several decades DNA has successfully been repurposed from its native role of information storage to a smart nanomaterial used for nanostructure self‐assembly of almost any shape, which is largely because of its programmable nature. Unfortunately, polypeptides do not possess the straightforward complementarity as do nucleic acids. However, a modular approach can nevertheless be used to assemble polypeptide nanostructures, as was recently demonstrated on a single‐chain polypeptide tetrahedron. This review focuses on the current state‐of‐the‐art in the field of topological polypeptide folds. It starts with a brief overview of the field of structural DNA and RNA nanotechnology, from which it draws parallels and possible directions of development for the emerging field of polypeptide‐based nanotechnology. The principles of topofold strategy and unique properties of such polypeptide nanostructures in comparison to native protein folds are discussed. Reasons for the apparent absence of such folds in nature are also examined. Physicochemical versatility of amino acid residues and cost‐effective production makes polypeptides an attractive platform for designed functional bionanomaterials. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:218–237. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1289This article is categorized under:

Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures
Development and applications of radioactive nanoparticles for imaging of biological systems
Authors: Lewis Michael R. , Kannan Raghuraman 
Published: September 2014

Radioactive nanoparticles possess the ability to carry high payloads of radionuclides for noninvasive imaging of regions of interest inside the body. In this way, they can be used for nuclear imaging of systems such as normal physiology and disease states. Various methods have been developed to label nanoparticles using both radiometals and radiohalogens, for single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in laboratory animals. The use of imaging to develop radioactive nanoparticles with long circulation times and minimal reticuloendothelial uptakes led to the design of nanoparticle constructs for imaging animal models of chronic illnesses, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Further improvements in targeting were made by modifying these constructs with vectors having high affinity and specificity for diseased tissue. In addition, constructs containing more than one type of imaging material afforded nanoparticles with multimodal properties, such as those designed for nuclear, magnetic resonance, and/or optical detection. Given the close relationship between diagnosis and therapy, theranostic nanoparticles have also been developed both to deliver radiotherapy and monitor response by imaging. In this article, we review the use of radionuclides to label nanoparticles for development and applications involving noninvasive detection of normal and abnormal biological functions. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2014, 6:628–640. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1292This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Properties of Two‐dimensional Complexes Coordinated by Mixed Flexible Bis(pyridylmethyl)amine and Rigid Aromatic Multicarboxylate Ligands
Authors: Yan Mei‐Jing , Wang Si‐Si , Gao Dong‐Zhao , Wang Xiu‐Guang , Sun Ya‐Qiu , Zhang Guo‐Ying , Xu Yan‐Yan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThree two‐dimensional coordination polymers {[Zn(H‐3, 3‐bpma)(1, 2,4‐btc)]·H2O}n (1), {[Cu2(H‐3, 3‐bpma)2(1, 2,4‐btc)(H‐1, 2,4‐btc)(H2O)2]·ClO4·7.75H2O}n (2), and {[Cd4(H‐3, 3‐bpma)2(1, 3,5‐btc)3Cl(H2O)7]·12.75H2O}n (3) [3, 3‐bpma = N,N′‐bis(3‐pyridylmethyl)amine, H3‐1, 2,4‐btc = 1, 2,4‐benzenetricarboxylic acid, and H3‐1, 3,5‐btc = 1, 3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid] were synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The complexes are all two‐dimensional layer networks with diverse topologies bridged by mixed flexible bis(pyridylmethyl)amine and auxiliary rigid aromatic multicarboxylate ligands. The H‐3, 3‐bpma ligands adopt different conformations, whereas the aromatic multicarboxylates show various binding modes in the complexes. The magnetic, photoluminescence and thermal properties for complexes 1 and 2 were investigated.
Surgical Needs of Nepal: Pilot Study of Population Based Survey in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Gupta Shailvi , Ranjit Anju , Shrestha Ritesh , Wong Evan G. , Robinson William C. , Shrestha Sunil , Nwomeh Benedict C. , Groen Reinou S. , Kushner Adam L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe Surgeons OverSeas assessment of surgical need (SOSAS) tool, a population‐based survey on surgical conditions in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), was performed in Sierra Leone and Rwanda. This pilot study in Nepal is the initial implementation of the SOSAS survey in South Asia.MethodsA pilot study of SOSAS, modified for Nepal’s needs and reprogrammed using mobile data collection software, was undertaken in Pokhara in January 2014. Cluster randomized sampling was utilized to interview 100 individuals in 50 households within two wards of Pokhara, one rural and one urban. The first portion of the survey retrieved demographic data, including household members and time to nearest health facilities. The second portion interviewed two randomly selected individuals from each household, inquiring about surgical conditions covering six anatomical regions.ResultsThe pilot SOSAS in Nepal was easily completed over 3 days, including training of 18 Nepali interns over 2 days. The response rate was 100 %. A total of 13 respondents had a current surgical need (face 4, chest 1, back 1, abdomen 1, groin 3, extremity 3), although eight reported there was no need for surgical care. Five respondents (5 %) had a current unmet surgical need.Conclusion
The SOSAS pilot study in Nepal was successfully conducted, demonstrating the feasibility of performing SOSAS in South Asia. The estimated 5 % current unmet surgical need will be used for sample size calculation for the full country survey. Utilizing and improving on the SOSAS tool to measure the prevalence of surgical conditions in Nepal will help enumerate the global surgical burden of disease.
Evaluation of a meal replacement-based weight management program in primary care settings according to the actual European Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Obesity in Adults
Authors: Kruschitz Renate , Wallner-Liebmann Sandra Johanna , Lothaller Harald , Luger Maria , Schindler Karin , Hoppichler Friedrich , Ludvik Bernhard 
Published: September 2014

Summary

Introduction
The purpose of this study was the evaluation of a weight loss program in primary care settings with respect to the European Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Obesity in Adults with regard to the long-term success of changes in body weight and composition.

Methods
Overweight and obese patients (n = 1167) who underwent a standardized meal replacement-based weight loss program (myLINE®, AENGUS, Austria) in primary care settings were included in this evaluation. Body composition was measured by conventional anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (AKERN BIA101®, BIACORPUS RX4000®, SoftwareBodycomp Version 8.4 Professional). Data of patients who participated at least 12 months in the program were analyzed retrospectively and compared with their baseline data.

Results
After 12 months, a weight loss of 8.6 ± 7.5 kg (mean ± standard deviation) or 8.2 ± 7.8 % from baseline was seen (p < 0.001). In all, 71.9 % of all patients achieved a minimal weight loss of 5 %, and 18.8 % lost 15 % of their initial weight. In comparison with the baseline (35.7 ± 11.5 kg), body fat decreased to 29.6 ± 10.7 kg, which is 83.7 ± 18.9 % from baseline (100 %; p < 0.001). Body cell mass showed an absolute reduction of − 1.4 ± 2.2 kg (p < 0.001), although a relative increase of 1.5 ± 2.5 % (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between male and female subjects regarding changes in weight, body fat, and body cell mass.

Conclusion
The evaluated program complies with the European Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Obesity in Adults (2008), which recommend a weight reduction of 5–15 % from initial weight within 6 months. Furthermore, the data showed a significant reduction of body fat and a relative increase of body cell mass.
“She Came out of mum's Tummy the Wrong way” (Mis) Conceptions Among Siblings of Children with Rare Disorders
Authors: Vatne Torun M. , Helmen Ingerid Østborg , Bahr David , Kanavin Øivind , Nyhus Livø 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMisconceptions or uncertainty about the rare disorder of a sibling may cause adjustment problems among children. New knowledge about their misconceptions may enable genetic counselors to provide targeted information and increase siblings’ knowledge. This study aims to describe misconceptions and uncertainties of siblings of children with rare disorders. Content analysis was applied to videotapes of 11 support group sessions with 56 children aged 6 to 17. First, children's statements about the disorder (turns) were categorized into the categories “identity,” “cause,” “cure,” “timeline,” and “consequences” and then coded as medically “correct,” “misunderstood,” or “uncertain.” Next, turns categorized as “misunderstood” or “uncertain” were analyzed to explore prominent trends. Associations between sibling age, type of disorder, and frequency of misconceptions or uncertainties were analyzed statistically. Approximately 16 % of the children's turns were found to involve misconceptions or uncertainty about the disorder, most commonly about the identity or cause of the disorder. Misconceptions seemed to originate from information available in everyday family life, generalization of lay beliefs, or through difficulties understanding abstract medical concepts. Children expressed uncertainty about the reasons for everyday experiences (e.g. the abnormal behavior they observed). A lack of available information was described as causing uncertainty. Misconceptions and uncertainties were unrelated to child age or type of disorder. The information needs of siblings should always be addressed during genetic counseling, and advice and support offered to parents when needed. Information provided to siblings should be based on an exploration of their daily experiences and thoughts about the rare disorder.
Quality Assurance in Legal Translation: Evaluating Process, Competence and Product in the Pursuit of Adequacy
Authors: Prieto Ramos Fernando 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBuilding on a functionalist framework for decision-making in legal translation, a holistic approach to quality is presented in order to respond to the specificities of this field and overcome the shortcomings of general models of translation quality evaluation. The proposed approach connects legal, contextual, macrotextual and microtextual variables for the definition of the translation adequacy strategy, which guides problem-solving and the rest of the translationprocess. The same parameters remain traceable between the translation brief and the translationproductboth in pre-delivery (self-)revision and in post-delivery assessment. They are the yardstick for identifying predictable evaluative criteria andcompetencerequirements for translators and quality controllers. The implications of the approach on quality assessment (including training contexts) and quality management practices are also discussed. Overall, the model illustrates the potential benefits of enhancing predictability and reducing subjectivity on the basis of specific legal translation methodologies. It supports the need for legal translation expertise in quality evaluation and the relevance of Legal Translation Studies to raising standards in professional practice.
Existing data sets to support studies of dementia or significant cognitive impairment and comorbid chronic conditions
Authors: Bell Janice F. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Copeland Catherine , Chi Gloria , Steinman Lesley , Whitney Robin L. , Atkins David C. , Bryant Lucinda L. , Grodstein Francine , Larson Eric , Logsdon Rebecca , Snowden Mark 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundDementia or other significant cognitive impairment (SCI) are often comorbid with other chronic diseases. To promote collaborative research on the intersection of these conditions, we compiled a systematic inventory of major data resources.MethodsLarge data sets measuring dementia and/or cognition and chronic conditions in adults were included in the inventory. Key features of the resources were abstracted including region, participant sociodemographic characteristics, study design, sample size, accessibility, and available measures of dementia and/or cognition and comorbidities.Results117 study data sets were identified; 53% included clinical diagnoses of dementia along with valid and reliable measures of cognition. Most (79%) used longitudinal cohort designs and 41% had sample sizes greater than 5000. Approximately 47% were European‐based, 40% were US‐based, and 11% were based in other countries.ConclusionsMany high‐quality data sets exist to support collaborative studies of the effects of dementia or SCI on chronic conditions and to inform the development of evidence‐based disease management programs.