bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recording Specific Entheseal Changes of Fibrocartilaginous Entheses: Initial Tests Using the Coimbra Method
Authors: Henderson C. Y. , Mariotti V. , Pany‐Kucera D. , Villotte S. , Wilczak C. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTA working group was established in 2009 during a workshop in Coimbra, Portugal to review the various methodologies used to record entheseal changes (EC) and develop a standardised system to facilitate comparisons across studies. This paper presents the first results of the Coimbra method, a new qualitative method for recording fibrocartilaginous entheses based on the types of changes observed.Materials and methods: The new method divides the enthesis into a margin (only the area opposite the acute angle of fibre attachment) and surface (which also includes the remaining margin). Five features are recorded: bone formation, erosion, fine porosity, macro‐porosity and cavitation. A total of 67 male skeletons from the identified SIMON collection, Geneva, Switzerland, all of whom were manual workers and aged between 20 and 79 years, were used for this study. Six skeletons were used by the authors as exemplars to determine standard criteria for recording each change. Thirty male skeletons were selected to test intra‐observer and inter‐observer error of the new method. An additional 31 skeletons were used for a preliminary test of the relationship between EC and age, using exploratory statistics and ordinal regression.Results: Intra‐observer and inter‐observer error had a similar percentage agreement of around 70%. The exploratory statistics indicated a general trend for increased scores of each feature with age, but ordinal regression demonstrated that this was not statistically significant (p < 0.05) for all features.Discussion: The recording method is repeatable for some entheses. The effect of the ageing process is dependent on enthesis and EC feature. Unlike most methods, the Coimbra method records EC features in detail; this has the advantage of allowing studies of the relationship between different EC and age as well as sex and occupation. Further studies on larger identified skeletal collections are needed to test the effect of age, sex and occupation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Air‐dried 3D‐collagen–chitosan biocomposite scaffold for tissue engineering application
Authors: Kumar B. Santhosh , Aigal Sahaja , Ramesh D. Vijaya 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCollagen–chitosan scaffolds of different compositions were developed using emulsion air‐drying method. The scaffolds prepared adding 10–30 wt% of chitosan to collagen improved the mechanical properties of the composite scaffold, and 7:3 ratio (collagen :chitosan) was found to be a better composite having a tensile strength of 13.57 MPa with 9% elongation at break. The water‐uptake characteristics were performed at different pH and found to be ameliorated for the composite scaffolds compared to pure collagen and chitosan scaffold, respectively. The pores ranging from 100 to 300 μm were well interconnected, and their distribution was fairly homogeneous in the scaffold as observed through scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the scaffold decreased the bacterial counts and supported fibroblasts attachment and proliferation, thus demonstrating this composite to be a good substrate for biomedical application.POLYM. COMPOS., 33:2029–2035, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation and characterization of electrospun polyurethane/inorganic‐particles nanofibers
Authors: Han Xiao‐Jian , Huang Zheng‐Ming , Huang Chen , Du Zhao‐Fang , Wang Hao , Wang Jian , He Chuang‐Long , Wu Qing‐Sheng 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTo develop a novel functional fibrous scaffold, a blend‐electrospinning technique was applied to transfer polyurethane/inorganic‐particles solutions into nanofibers, in which titanium dioxide, copper, or/and silver nanoparticles were used. The resultant nanofibers were subsequently characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and tensile mechanical test. Furthermore, the structural change and the thermal properties of the electrospun fabrics were examined by X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Antibacterial performance of the resulting nanofibrous mats on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was also measured. Experimental results have shown that when the ratio of polyurethane solution and titanium dioxide sol was in 3.5:1, 89.55% of the Escherichia coli and 82.35% of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were killed under a UV‐light activation. However, the introduction of silver or/and cuprum nanoparticles into the polyurethane/TiO2 (in the ratio of 3.5:1) nanofibers led to a significant improvement in their antibacterial ability without any photocatalysis.POLYM. COMPOS., 33:2045–2057, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Flammability and thermal characterization of PMMA/clay nanocomposites and thermal kinetics analysis
Authors: Pandey Priyanka , Anbudayanidhi S. , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA detailed study of thermal stability of Poly (Methyl methacrylate)/layered silicate nanocomposites has been carried out in this work. Commercially modified nanoclays such as cloisite 30B (30B), cloisite 93A (C93A) and Na‐MMT and in‐house modified Na‐MMT were used as nanofiller in this study. All the systems were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal conductivity. Investigations revealed the improved thermal properties of PMMA nanocomposites and the validity of Ozawa and Kissinger for the PMMA nanocomposites were also confirmed. Detailed study on thermal degradation kinetics using Ozawa and Kissinger model was carried out. The flammability of the materials has been investigated by cone calorimeter experiment, which showed reduced flammability of the nanocomposites. Formation of protective char layers during burning of nanocomposites was also observed through SEM analysis.POLYM. COMPOS., 33:2058–2071, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Dehydropyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Two Cryptantha Species: Including Two New Open Chain Diesters One of Which is Amphoteric
Authors: Colegate Steven M. , Gardner Dale R. , Davis T. Zane , Betz Joseph M. , Panter Kip E. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionA livestock poisoning outbreak near Kingman, Arizona, USA, potentially linked to dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids, prompted an evaluation of some local plants for the presence of these hepatotoxic alkaloids.ObjectiveTo qualitatively and quantitatively examine two species of Cryptantha, a Boraginaceous genus previously shown to produce potentially toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, collected from the vicinity of Kingman, Arizona.MethodPlant extracts were analysed using HPLC–electrospray ionisation (+)–MS and MS/MS to determine the presence of dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid esters. Identities were confirmed by comparison of chromatographic and MS data with authenticated standards and, in the case of the previously undescribed alkaloids, using one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy and high‐resolution mass measurement.ResultsCryptantha inequata and C. utahensis were shown to produce retronecine‐based dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids at approximately 0.05% and 0.09% w/w respectively. Cryptantha inequata produced mainly echimidine, acetylechimidine and echiuplatine; dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids that were previously associated with Echium plantagineum. The previously undescribed structure of echiuplatine was elucidated as an amphoteric, open chain diester with angelic acid and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaric acid. Along with lycopsamine, intermedine and dihydroxyechiumine, C. utahensis produced cryptanthine, a previously undescribed open chain diester alkaloid esterified with angelic acid and 2,3‐dihydroxy‐2‐methylbutanoic acid. All pyrrolizidine alkaloids detected were present in the plants mainly as their N‐oxides.ConclusionThe retronecine‐based alkaloids detected in both Cryptantha species herein investigated aligns them within the Krynitzkia subgenus. The dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids detected are expected to be toxic but the low levels in the plants potentially mitigate the risk. The identification of the amphoteric echiuplatine provides a cautionary note with respect to the analysis of total dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid content. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Design of Experiment Approach for the Process Optimisation of Microwave Assisted Extraction of Lupeol fromFicus racemosaLeaves Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Das Anup Kumar , Mandal Vivekananda , Mandal Subhash C. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionTriterpenoids are a group of important phytocomponents fromFicus racemosa(syn.Ficus glomerata Roxb.) that are known to possess diverse pharmacological activities and which have prompted the development of various extraction techniques and strategies for its better utilisation.ObjectiveTo develop an effective, rapid and ecofriendly microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) strategy to optimise the extraction of a potent bioactive triterpenoid compound, lupeol, from young leaves ofFicus racemosausing response surface methodology (RSM) for industrial scale‐up.Material and MethodInitially a Plackett–Burman design matrix was applied to identify the most significant extraction variables amongst microwave power, irradiation time, particle size, solvent:sample ratio loading, varying solvent strength and pre‐leaching time on lupeol extraction. Among the six variables tested, microwave power, irradiation time and solvent–sample/loading ratio were found to have a significant effect (P < 0.05) on lupeol extraction and were fitted to a Box–Behnken‐design‐generated quadratic polynomial equation to predict optimal extraction conditions as well as to locate operability regions with maximum yield.ResultsThe optimal conditions were microwave power of 65.67% of 700 W, extraction time of 4.27 min and solvent–sample ratio loading of 21.33 mL/g. Confirmation trials under the optimal conditions gave an experimental yield (18.52 µg/g of dry leaves) close to the RSM predicted value of 18.71 µg/g.ConclusionUnder the optimal conditions the mathematical model was found to be well fitted with the experimental data. The MAE was found to be a more rapid, convenient and appropriate extraction method, with a higher yield and lower solvent consumption when compared with conventional extraction techniques. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal ventriculomegaly due to familial submicroscopic terminal 6q deletions
Authors: Wadt Karin , Jensen Lisa Neerup , Bjerglund Lise , Lundstrøm Majken , Kirchhoff Maria , Kjaergaard Susanne 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTSubmicroscopic terminal 6q deletions are rare. We report on two familial submicroscopic terminal 6q deletions ascertained because of prenatally detected isolated ventriculomegaly and further delineate the variable prenatal and postnatal phenotype. We review published cases of <5 Mb terminal 6q deletions. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diabetes in primary schools: overcoming barriers to good care
Authors: Edge Julie A 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWith increasing numbers of children being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at younger ages, and intensification of insulin regimens, many more children require support with their diabetes at primary school. I report here our own experience of setting up a structure for support in schools based on trained volunteers who can supervise or administer insulin with pens or pumps, and who do so based on intensive management including carbohydrate counting and correction doses.There is a clear legal framework to support families asking for help in schools but still no compulsion on schools to provide a member of staff to carry out care, which has to rely on volunteers. We have, however, negotiated a system with our primary care trust and local authority whereby diabetes specialist nurses (DSNs) train up volunteers identified by the school, and, together with the parents, draw up a comprehensive medical management plan. The volunteers are then trained by the DSN, and the parent agrees to go into the school to supervise until both the volunteer and parent are happy that they are competent, when the DSN then goes back into school to certify competence. This has taken several years to complete, but all schools in Oxfordshire but one have agreed to work according to this guidance so that over 130 children now receive appropriate care in school. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
Implementing psychological assessments required by the Best Practice Tariff for Paediatric Diabetes
Authors: Barnard Katharine , Davis Nikki , Taylor Chris 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDespite advances in technologies, health outcomes for young people with diabetes remain suboptimal. The prevalence of psychosocial morbidity is alarmingly higher than in the general population with clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms present in 15–25% of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Associated poor self‐care, suboptimal glycaemic control and recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis are common.The aims of this article are to outline common psychological difficulties for young people, and the screening tools available, and to assess the potential impact of the best practice tariff for paediatric diabetes.Common psychological problems include depression, anxiety, disordered eating and burnout. Similarly to the multi‐factorial aetiology of paediatric diabetes, there are multiple contributors to psychological functioning. There is no nationally recognised gold standard for psychological screening at present and provision is varied across the UK.Until standardised tools are developed and validated, it is likely that standards and screening methods will remain variable but will be clarified and nationally agreed as the tariff beds in and is more broadly attained in units across the country. National audit data highlight that enhanced care for young people as intended under the new best practice tariff is necessary. Service adjustment is likely to be challenging; however, the aim of better psychological coping annually assessed with access to appropriate psychology services is long overdue. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
Natural rubber/cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene nanocomposites: Vulcanization behavior, mechanical properties, and thermal stability
Authors: Bottazzo Jlenia , Guglielmi Massimo , Polizzi Stefano , Brusatin Giovanna 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNatural rubber/cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene (NR/BR) blends with two types of layered nanofillers, montmorillonite (MMT) and layered double hydroxide (LDH), both in pristine and organically modified forms are produced and investigated. Faster curing is found for all the NR/BR blends, except for the one containing the unmodified MMT. This effect can be attributed to the groups placed in the interlayer regions of the clays; more precisely to ammonium groups for the organo‐MMTs and to OH groups for LDHs. Mechanical properties and thermal stability of rubber compounds are investigated. It has been demonstrated that the performance of the final nanocomposite is significantly affected by the kind of clay. Particularly, the organo‐MMTs provoke an improvement of the mechanical properties and increase the thermal stability of about 4–5° C in respect to the pure NR/BR matrix. On the contrary, the poor compatibility of unmodified MMT and of LDH clays with the rubber blend is evident and no enhancement on the composite performance has been observed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © Society of Plastics Engineers
The role of psychopathic traits and substance abuse in predicting violent victimization in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Dolan Mairead , O'Malley Kate , McGregor Kate 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTWe examined the relationship between psychopathic traits and substance abuse and violent victimization in 94 community patients meeting DSM‐IV criteria for schizophrenia spectrum disorders in contact with public mental health services in Victoria, Australia. Data on violence and victimization were collated from multiple sources and combined to categorize patients into victims of serious violence (VV; n = 74) and those who were not victims of serious violence (NVV; n = 20) groups.The VV group had higher rates of unemployment and previous violence but did not differ from the NVV on current symptom ratings. The VV group has significantly higher substance abuse and psychopathy scores, but only psychopathy score significantly contributed to the prediction of victimization. All psychopathy facets were reasonably good predictors of victimization status, but the antisocial facet contributed most to the prediction of victimization. A better understanding of the role and contribution of antisocial (particularly psychopathic) traits in violent victimization in mentally ill populations is needed to better inform community management plans.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An overview and evaluation of the oncology family caregiver project: improving quality of life and quality of care for oncology family caregivers
Authors: Ferrell Betty , Hanson Jo , Grant Marcia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveWith changes in health care, oncology family caregivers (FCs) provide the vast majority of patient care. Yet, FCs assume their role with little or no training and with limited resources within the cancer setting to support them. The purpose of this project is to develop and implement a curriculum to improve the quality of life and quality of care for FCs by strengthening cancer care settings in this area.MethodsA National Cancer Institute (NCI) R25 grant funded the development of an FC curriculum for professional healthcare providers. The curriculum, based on the City of Hope Quality‐of‐Life Model, is presented to professionals from cancer centers in national training courses. The project brings together the most current evidence‐based knowledge and multiple resources to help improve FC support. Participants develop goals related to implementation and dissemination of the course content and resources in their home institution. Goal evaluation follows at 6, 12, and 18 months.ResultsTo date, three courses have been presented to 154 teams (322 individuals) representing 39 states. Course evaluations were positive, and participants have initiated institutional FC support goals. Although the goals are diverse, the broad categories include support groups, staff/FC/community education, resource development, assessment tools, and institutional change.ConclusionsThere is a critical need to improve support for cancer FCs. This FC training course for professionals is a first step in addressing this need.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lime sulfur toxicity to broad mite, to its host plants and to natural enemies
Authors: Venzon Madelaine , Oliveira Rafael M , Perez André L , Rodríguez‐Cruz Fredy A , Martins Filho Sebastião 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundAn acaricidal effect of lime sulfur has not been demonstrated for Polyphagotarsonemus latus. However, lime sulfur can cause toxicity to natural enemies and to host plants. In this study, the toxicity of different concentrations of lime sulfur to P. latus, to the predatory mite Amblyseius herbicolus and to the predatory insect Chrysoperla externa was evaluated. Additionally, the phytotoxicity of lime sulfur to two P. latus hosts, chili pepper and physic nut plants, was determined.ResultsLime sulfur at a concentration of 9.5 mL L−1 restrained P. latus population growth. However, this concentration was deleterious to natural enemies. The predatory mite A. herbicolus showed a negative value of instantaneous growth rate, and only 50% of the tested larvae of C. externa reached adulthood when exposed to 10 mL L−1. Physic nut had severe injury symptoms when sprayed with all tested lime sulfur concentrations. For chili pepper plants, no phytoxicity was observed at any tested concentration.ConclusionLime sulfur might be used for P. latus control on chili pepper but not on physic nut owing to phytotoxicity. Care should be taken when using lime sulfur in view of negative effects on natural enemies. Selective lime sulfur concentration integrated with other management tactics may provide an effective and sustainable P. latus control on chili pepper. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Estimating degradation rates in outdoor stagnant water by inverse modelling with TOXSWA: a case study with prosulfocarb
Authors: Adriaanse Paulien I , Boesten Jos JTI , Crum Steven JH 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe regulatory risk assessment of pesticides requires the assessment of exposure of aquatic ecosystems in small surface waters adjacent to agricultural fields. This exposure is predicted using simulation models, for which an important input parameter is the degradation rate in water. In regulatory dossiers, the decline rate in water from outdoor mesocosms is often available, but this rate encompasses more processes than degradation. Therefore, a procedure was designed for estimating the degradation rate in water that was suitable for mesocosm studies with limited datasets, e.g. datasets lacking site‐specific sorption coefficients and relevant sediment properties. The procedure, based upon inverse modelling with TOXSWA, has been tested on a dataset for prosulfocarb in stagnant ditches.ResultsA degradation half‐life in the ditch water of 2.9 days (20 °C) was found. This short half‐life was to a significant extent accounted for by biodegradation rather than hydrolysis or photolysis. This half‐life was considerably shorter than the half‐life in the water layer of two laboratory water–sediment system experiments.ConclusionThe estimation procedure resulted in a unique half‐life for the degradation rate in water. Such outdoor mesocosm studies seem to be better suited to assessing the degradation rate in water in ditches than the conventional water–sediment studies. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Self‐formed Schottky barrier induced selector‐less RRAM for cross‐point memory applications
Authors: Park Sangsu , Jung Seungjae , Siddik Manzar , Jo Minseok , Park Jubong , Kim Seonghyun , Lee Wootae , Shin Jungho , Lee Daeseok , Choi Godeuni , Woo Jiyong , Cha Euijun , Lee Byoung Hun , Hwang Hyunsang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe propose a selector‐less Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (PCMO) based resistive‐switching RAM (RRAM) for high‐density cross‐point memory array applications. First, we investigate the inhomogeneous barrier with an effective barrier height (Φeff), i.e., self‐formed Schottky barrier. In addition, a scalable 4F2 selector‐less cross‐point 1 kb RRAM array has been successfully fabricated, demonstrating set, reset, and read operation for high cell efficiency and high‐density memory applications. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Revealing the 1 nm/s extensibility of nanoscale amorphous carbon in a scanning electron microscope
Authors: Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2012

SummaryIn an ultra‐high vacuum scanning electron microscope, the edged branches of amorphous carbon film (∼10 nm thickness) can be continuously extended with an eye‐identifying speed (on the order of ∼1 nm/s) under electron beam. Such unusual mobility of amorphous carbon may be associated with deformation promoted by the electric field, which resulted from an inner secondary electron potential difference from the main trunk of carbon film to the tip end of branches under electron beam. This result demonstrates importance of applying electrical effects to modify properties of carbon materials. It may have positive implications to explore some amorphous carbon as electron field emission device. SCANNING 35: 261‐264, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.