bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Stackelberg Equilibrium Water Allocation Patterns in Shallow Groundwater Areas
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxing , Castelletti Andrea , Wang Xuechao , Guo Ping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is challenging for decision‐makers (DMs) to deal with uncertainties in multi‐level agricultural water resource systems, where DMs independently make decisions but have different levels of power. In this paper, we model the multi‐level agricultural water resources system under deep uncertainties as a Stackelberg game, use multi‐level programming to solve equilibrium water allocation problems, and introduce robustness metrics into multi‐level programming to balance solution feasibility and model optimality within uncertain environments. The approach is applied to a shallow groundwater area with three decision levels, pursuing, from the top level to the bottom one, high food production, fair water allocation, and increased economic benefit. The model generated a series of optimal equilibrium solutions with different robustness degrees. DMs can choose “rational” solutions according to their acceptable costs, oriented robustness degree, expected objective values, and advance risk assessment of uncertainties. Among these solutions, we capture a critical point with high objective values and strong robustness, where DMs can accomplish both objective optimality and solution robustness with a low cost. The proposed approach in this study provides a posterior decision support to consider solution robustness while designing policies in multi‐level agricultural water resource systems under deep uncertainties.
Surface Time Series Response and Deformation Cause Analysis in 2021 Zhengzhou Extreme Weather, China
Authors: Li Jiahao , Jin Guowang , Xiong Xin , Zhou Lv , Ye Hao , Shi Quanjie , Yang He 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe abnormal deformation of urban surfaces threatens the human living environment, and extreme regional weather can affect the response law of surface deformation. To explore the changes in surface time series response after extreme weather and the causes of deformation in Zhengzhou, the MTInSAR was used to obtain the surface deformation from 2020 to 2022, and the time series changes of groundwater equivalent water height were retrieved by GRACE. The results show that: (a) There are three large subsidence bowls in Zhengzhou, and the maximum subsidence rate is −40.2 mm/yr. (b) The extreme rainstorm in Zhengzhou alleviated the surface deformation quickly, lasting approximately 6 months. However, surface subsidence still occurred after the extreme rainstorm. The water storage coefficient of the elastic skeleton in the Zhengzhou area showed an increasing trend. (c) Precipitation can lead to surface uplift by influencing the change of groundwater level. There is a delay time of 0.75–1 month between groundwater level change and surface uplift response in the characteristic region. These results provide scientific data support and causal analysis for disaster prevention and reduction of abnormal deformation in Zhengzhou.
Constraining Light Absorption of Brown Carbon in China and Implications for Aerosol Direct Radiative Effect
Authors: Xu Lulu , Lin Guangxing , Liu Xiaohong , Wu Chenglai , Wu Yunfei , Lou Sijia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBrown carbon (BrC) in China is of great interest to the regional and global climate due to its strong absorption of sunlight. However, the contribution of BrC to total carbonaceous aerosol light absorption and its direct radiative effects (DRE) in China remains largely uncertain. To better assess its climate impact in China, we develop an explicit BrC scheme and implement it in a global climate model, which includes optical parameters of primary BrC derived from local measurements, secondary BrC absorption, and a photobleaching parameterization of BrC. By comparing with multi‐type observational data, we find that with the implementation of this scheme, the model captures the seasonal variations of BrC light absorption well in China. The model estimates that BrC contributes 19% and 12% to the total light absorption of carbonaceous aerosol in China in winter and summer, resulting in 0.110 and 0.205 W m−2 of DRE, respectively.
Trends, Skill, and Sources of Skill in Initialized Climate Forecasts of Global Mean Temperature
Authors: Tippett Michael K. , Becker Emily J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe evaluate the skill and sources of skill in initialized seasonal climate forecasts of monthly global mean temperature from the North American Multi‐Model Ensemble (NMME) during the period 1991–2024. The forecasts demonstrate skill in addition to that from the long‐term trend, and that skill is primarily attributable to ENSO. However, the skill varies seasonally, with skill being lowest for target periods during Northern Hemisphere summer. Single model ensembles show underdispersion at short leads, while the multi‐model ensemble is overdispersed, suggesting initial condition errors and highlighting the importance of model initialization for quantification of forecast uncertainty. Lead‐time dependent errors in global mean temperature trends appear related to Pacific trend errors. The multi‐model mean captured the overall trend but underestimated the record‐breaking temperatures of 2023. Forecasts for the remainder of 2024 indicate cooling by the end of the year.
Stratospheric Hydration Processes in Tropopause‐Overshooting Convection Revealed by Tracer‐Tracer Correlations From the DCOTSS Field Campaign
Authors: Homeyer Cameron R. , Gordon Andrea E. , Smith Jessica B. , Ueyama Rei , Wilmouth David M. , Sayres David S. , Hare Jennifer , Pandey Apoorva , Hanisco Thomas F. , Dean‐Day Jonathan M. , Hannun Reem , St. Clair Jason M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydration of the stratosphere by tropopause‐overshooting convection has received increasing interest due to the extreme concentrations of water vapor that can result and, ultimately, the climate warming potential such hydration provides. Previous work has recognized the importance of numerous dynamic and physical processes that control stratospheric water vapor delivery by convection. This study leverages recent comprehensive observations from the NASA Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer Stratosphere (DCOTSS) field campaign to determine the frequency at which each process operates during real events. Specifically, a well‐established analysis technique known as tracer‐tracer correlation is applied to DCOTSS observations of ozone, water vapor, and potential temperature to identify the occurrence of known processes. It is found that approximately half of convectively‐driven stratospheric hydration samples show no indication of significant air mass transport and mixing, emphasizing the importance of ice sublimation to stratospheric water vapor delivery. Furthermore, the temperature of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere environment and/or overshoot appears to be a commonly active constraint, since the approximate maximum possible water vapor concentration that can be reached in an air mass is limited to the saturation mixing ratio when ice is present. Finally, little evidence of relationships between dynamic and physical processes and their spatial distribution was found, implying that stratospheric water vapor delivery by convection is likely facilitated by a complex collection of processes in each overshooting event.
Hydrops fetalis due to loss of function of hNav1.4 channel via compound heterozygous variants
Authors: Kubota Tomoya , Nagata Miho , Takagi Kazuko , Ishihara Yasuki , Kojima Kurumi , Uchikura Yuka , Yamamoto Reina , Yonei Ayumi , Ozaki Erina , Kira Natsuki , Takahashi Satoe , Homma Kazuaki , Miyashita Yohei , Eguchi-Ishimae Minenori , Sakai Norio , Asano Yohihiro , Sakata Yasushi , Ozono Keiichi , Eguchi Mariko , Takahashi Masanori P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydrops fetalis, characterized by abnormal fluid accumulation in fetuses, presents a significant risk of stillbirth and neonatal mortality. Although the etiology of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is multifaceted, recent studies have highlighted genetic factors as crucial determinants. This study focused on a family with three consecutive stillbirths, each with pronounced hydrops fetalis. Using whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified compound heterozygous variants of the SCN4A gene encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel of the skeletal muscle (hNav1.4), c.2429T>A p.L810Q and c.4556T>C p.F1519S, in all three deceased infants. A functional analysis conducted using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique revealed loss-of-function defects in both variant channels, with F1519S exhibiting a complete loss of ionic current and L810Q showing a reduced channel opening. These findings support the pathogenicity of SCN4A variants in NIHF and underscore the significance of functional studies in elucidating genotype-phenotype correlations. Furthermore, our study emphasizes the diagnostic value of WES in cases of NIHF in where standard genetic testing fails to identify causative variants.
Advancing on-chip Kerr optical parametric oscillation towards coherent applications covering the green gap
Authors: Sun Yi , Stone Jordan , Lu Xiyuan , Zhou Feng , Song Junyeob , Shi Zhimin , Srinivasan Kartik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOptical parametric oscillation (OPO) in Kerr microresonators can efficiently transfer near-infrared laser light into the visible spectrum. To date, however, chromatic dispersion has mostly limited output wavelengths to >560 nm, and robust access to the whole green light spectrum has not been demonstrated. In fact, wavelengths between 532 nm and 633 nm, commonly referred to as the “green gap”, are especially challenging to produce with conventional laser gain. Hence, there is motivation to extend the Kerr OPO wavelength range and develop reliable device designs. Here, we experimentally show how to robustly access the entire green gap with Kerr OPO in silicon nitride microrings pumped near 780 nm. Our microring geometries are optimized for green-gap emission; in particular, we introduce a dispersion engineering technique, based on partially undercutting the microring, which not only expands wavelength access but also proves robust to variations in resonator dimensions. Using just four devices, we generate >150 wavelengths evenly distributed throughout the green gap, as predicted by our dispersion simulations. Moreover, we establish the usefulness of Kerr OPO to coherent applications by demonstrating continuous frequency tuning (>50 GHz) and narrow optical linewidths (<1 MHz). Our work represents an important step in the quest to bring nonlinear nanophotonics and its advantages to the visible spectrum.
In-depth analysis of transcriptomes in ovarian cortical follicles from children and adults reveals interfollicular heterogeneity
Authors: Rooda Ilmatar , Hassan Jasmin , Hao Jie , Wagner Magdalena , Moussaud-Lamodière Elisabeth , Jääger Kersti , Otala Marjut , Knuus Katri , Lindskog Cecilia , Papaikonomou Kiriaki , Gidlöf Sebastian , Langenskiöld Cecilia , Vogt Hartmut , Frisk Per , Malmros Johan , Tuuri Timo , Salumets Andres , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Velthut-Meikas Agne , Damdimopoulou Pauliina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ovarian cortical reserve of follicles is vital for fertility. Some medical treatments are toxic to follicles, leading to premature ovarian insufficiency. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is an established method to preserve fertility in adults and even applied in prepuberty despite unproven efficacy. Here, we analyze transcriptomes of 120 cortical follicles from children and adults for detailed comparison. We discover heterogeneity with two main types of follicles in both age groups: one with expected oocyte-granulosa profiles and another with predicted role in signaling. Transcriptional changes during growth to the secondary stage are similar overall in children and adults, but variations related to extracellular matrix, theca cells, and miRNA profiles are found. Notably, cyclophosphamide dose correlates with interferon signaling in child follicles. Additionally, morphology alone is insufficient for follicle categorization suggesting a need for additional markers. Marker genes for early follicle activation are determined. These findings will help refine follicular classification and fertility preservation techniques across critical ages.
Whistler echo trains triggered by energetic winter lightning
Authors: Kolmašová I. , Santolík O. , Manninen J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLightning generated electromagnetic impulses propagating in the magnetospheric plasma disperse into whistlers – several seconds long radio wave signals with decreasing frequency. Sometimes, multiple reflections form long echo trains containing many whistlers with increasing dispersion. On January 3, 2017, two necessary prerequisites – a pronounced lightning activity and a magnetospheric plasma duct – allowed for observations of a large number of whistler echo trains by the high-latitude station in Kannuslehto, Finland. Our investigation reveals that the duct existed for nearly eight hours. We show that causative lightning sferics arrived to the duct entry from three different winter thunderstorms: a small storm at the Norwegian coast, which produced energetic lightning capable to trigger echo trains in 50% of cases, and two large storms at unexpectedly distant locations in the Mediterranean region. Our results show that intense thunderstorms can repetitively feed electromagnetic energy into a magnetospheric duct and form whistler echo trains after subionospheric propagation over distances as large as 4000 km.
The effect of posture on virtual walking experience using foot vibrations
Authors: Nakamura Junya , Kitazaki Michiteru 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVirtual walking systems for stationary observers have been developed using multimodal stimulation such as vision, touch, and sound to overcome physical limitation. In previous studies, participants were typically positioned in either a standing or a seated position. It would be beneficial if bedridden users could have enough virtual walking experience. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of participants’ posture and foot vibrations on the experience of virtual walking. They were either sitting, standing, or lying during observing a virtual scene of a walking avatar in the first-person perspective, while vibrations either synchronized or asynchronized (randomized) to the avatar’s walking were applied to their feet. We found that the synchronized foot vibrations improved virtual walking experiences compared to asynchronous vibrations. The standing position consistently offered an improved virtual walking experience compared to sitting and lying positions with either the synchronous or asynchronous foot vibrations, while the difference between the siting and lying postures was small and not significant. Furthermore, subjective scores for posture matching between real and virtual postures, illusory body ownership, and sense of agency were significantly higher with the synchronous than the asynchronous vibration. These findings suggest that experiencing virtual walking with foot vibrations in a lying position is less effective than a standing position, but not much different from a sitting position.
Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus on various implants used for surgical treatment of destructive spondylodiscitis
Authors: Zacher Amrei T. , Mirza Kamran , Thieme Lara , Nietzsche Sandor , Senft Christian , Schwarz Falko 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe incidence of spondylodiscitis has witnessed a significant increase in recent decades. Surgical intervention becomes necessary in case of bone destruction to remove infected tissue and restore spinal stability, often involving the implantation of a cage. Despite appropriate treatment, relapses occur in up to 20 percent of cases, resulting in substantial economic and social burdens. The formation of biofilm has been identified as a major contributor to relapse development. Currently, there is no consensus among German-speaking spinal surgeons or in the existing literature regarding the preferred choice of material to minimize relapse rates. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate whether certain materials used in spinal implants exhibit varying degrees of susceptibility to bacterial attachment, thereby providing valuable insights for improving treatment outcomes.Eight cages of each PEEK, titanium-coated PEEK (Ti-PEEK), titanium (Ti), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), tantalum (Ta) and antibiotic-loaded bone cement were incubated with 20% human plasma for 24 h. Subsequently, four implants were incubated with S. aureus for 24 h or 48 h each. The biofilm was then removed by sonication and the attained solution plated for Colony Forming Units (CFU) counting. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm bacterial attachment. The CFUs have been compared directly and in relation to the cages surface area. The surface area of the implants was PEEK 557 mm2, Ti-PEEK 472 mm2, Ti 985 mm2, PEKK 594 mm2, Ta 706 mm2, bone cement 123 mm2. The mean CFU count per implant and per mm2 surface area after 24 h and after 48 h was calculated. Bone cement was found to have significantly more CFUs per mm2 surface area than the other materials tested. When comparing the CFU count per implant, bone cement was statistically significantly more prone to biofilm formation than PEEK after 48 h. There was no statistical significance between the other materials when comparing both CFU count per mm2 surface area and CFU count per implant. The electron microscopic analysis showed the attachment of the bacteria, as well as production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as a sign for beginning biofilm formation. Antibiotic-loaded bone cement has shown statistically significantly more bacterial attachment than the other examined materials. No difference was found between the other materials regarding bacterial attachment after 24 h and 48 h. Proposed hypotheses for further studies include testing whether differences become apparent after longer incubation or with different pathogens involved in the pathogenesis of pyogenic spondylodiscitis.
The Right ICD Code, Right Now: A Call to Action for Pragmatic Language Disorders After Right Hemisphere Stroke
Authors: Minga Jamila , Fullwood Shanika Phillips , Rose Deborah , Fannin Danai Kasambira 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Diagnosis of language impairments after stroke is important to optimizing stroke outcomes. After right hemisphere brain damage (RHD), apragmatism can impact the comprehension and production of pragmatic language. However, despite decades of empirical evidence, there is no International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code for RHD pragmatic language impairments. The absence of an ICD code has far reaching ramifications that impact patient outcomes, including reduced clinical and public awareness, limited curricular content, and underdiagnosis. This viewpoint justifies the need to appropriately classify the pragmatic language symptomology after RHD with an ICD code.

Conclusion:
An ICD code can positively influence health care practitioner knowledge, education, and practice while informing public health considerations vital to epidemiological analyses.
DC overvoltage suppression method of wind farm connected via MMC‐HVDC system
Authors: Chen Siying , Li Yingbiao , Li Shun , Fu Cong , Chen Yixing , Miao Lu , Bao Bo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA new integration strategy of grid‐forming‐controlled wind farms connected to the bulk power systems through high‐voltage direct current transmission based on the modular multi‐level converter (MMC) is proposed to solve the problem of traditional uncontrollable DC overvoltage during the short circuit faults at the receiving end. However, a new DC overvoltage phenomenon appears after the fault is cleared, and the interaction between the wind farm and sending‐ and receiving‐end MMCs makes the DC overvoltage mechanism more complex; further exploration shows that DC overvoltage during the sending‐end fault recovery stage occurs under the new integration strategy. Therefore, the evolution process and mechanism of the new DC overvoltage are analysed. It is found that affected by the interaction between wind farms and MMCs, the alternate saturation of the integrators in the PI controller of MMCs is the main cause. Based on this understanding, additional controls are proposed to suppress this DC overvoltage during the fault recovery stage. Simulations are carried out on a test with MATLAB/Simulink, and the results verify the efficacy of the proposed methods in suppressing DC overvoltage.
Improving YOLOv8 with parallel frequency channel attention for taxi passengers
Authors: Gao Qi , He Di , Xu Guilin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDetecting taxi passengers is crucial for assessing taxi driver behavior, which plays a significant role in regulating the taxi industry. Despite the advancements in deep learning, object detection algorithms have not been extensively applied to this domain. In this article, an innovative taxi passenger detection algorithm is introduced based on YOLOv8, a lightweight and highly accurate method designed to automatically monitor driver behavior and regulate the taxi industry. To address the challenge of deploying complex object detection models on mobile devices, the ghost module is incorporated in place of standard convolutions within the C2f module, thereby making the model more lightweight. Furthermore, the model's performance is enhanced by integrating an improved version of Frequency Channel Attention (FCA), termed Parallel Frequency Channel Attention (PFCA), which boosts detection accuracy with minimal additional parameters and computational overhead. Experimental results on a specific taxi passenger dataset demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the baseline YOLOv8n model. Specifically, the model reduces the number of parameters and floating point operations by 12.96% and 8.18%, respectively, while achieving increases in mAP50 and mAP50‐95 by 0.27 and 0.73 percentage points, respectively.