bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Relationship between Victimization and Violent Behavior at School
Authors: Estévez Estefanía , Jiménez Teresa I. , Moreno David , Musitu Gonzalo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPrevious studies have identified two subgroups of school violence victims: submissive and aggressive. Submissive victims are characterized by their withdrawal in violent situations, while aggressive victims combine hostile behavior with victimization. This study focuses on the second subgroup and aims to analyze possible factors influencing the transition from passive victimization to involvement in aggressive behaviors within the school context. To test these relationships, 1319 adolescents between 12 and 16 years of age were recruited from seven secondary schools in various Spanish provinces. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to analyze the data. Results supported Emler’s theory, which posits that the victim’s helplessness in situations of intimidation, along with disappointment resulting from a lack of expected protection from adult authority figures, may result in adolescents searching and developing an antisocial and non-conformist reputation that helps them defend themselves against future attacks. Practical implications of these results are further discussed.
Workplace Attachment and Meaning of Work in a French Secondary School
Authors: Rioux Liliane , Pignault Anne 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis research aims to gain a better understanding of the attachment of teachers to their workplace by identifying the areas to which they become attached and which give meaning to their work. Based on the belief that place attachment is an affective bond between a person and his or her environment (Bonnes & Secchiaroli, 1995), its aim is to identify the attachment of secondary school teachers to their workplace, which is viewed as a whole but also as a combination of specific places, and to show that the places that predict overall workplace attachment are also those that give meaning to work. A Workplace Attachment Scale was completed by 158 teachers in a secondary school in the Paris region (France). This questionnaire contained items evaluating attachment to each specific place of work and others adapted from the meaning-of-work scale evaluating the meaning given to each of these places. The results show that all the teachers were more closely attached to places that provide opportunities for informal communication than to those directly related to teaching. The main workplace attachment predictors also concern places constituting the essence of the profession and/or places where teachers can manage their organizational stress.
Spanish Version of the New Ecological Paradigm Scale for Children
Authors: Corraliza José A. , Collado Silvia , Bethelmy Lisbeth 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale has been extensively used to measure adults’ environmental attitudes. However, it has only recently been adapted for use with children. This paper presents a Spanish version of the NEP Scale for Children, examines children’s ecological beliefs according to socio-demographic variables as well as the relationship between children’s ecological beliefs and pro-environmental behavior. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted, followed by confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, the instrument’s internal consistency was studied and links between environmental attitudes, age, and ecological behavior in children were examined through correlation analyses. The results show that children’s ecological worldviews can be described by a dimension called “overall ecocentrism”. Analysis of variance demonstrated that children from rural areas exhibit a more ecocentric worldview than those from urban areas. The results also denote gender differences.
HIV- and AIDS-Related Stigma: Psychosocial Aspects in a Representative Spanish Sample
Authors: Fuster Maria J. , Molero Fernando , de Montes Lorena Gil , Agirrezabal Arrate , Vitoria Amaia 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study evaluates the prevalence of HIV stigma in Spain and analyzes some variables that may affect its existence. In 2008, we conducted a computer-assisted telephone survey of 1607 people, representative of the Spanish population. Two-wave random stratified sampling was performed, first selecting the home and then the person, depending on the rates of age and sex. About 50% of the population feels discomfort about potential contact with people with HIV and tries to avoid it and 20% advocate discriminatory policies involving physical or social segregation of people with HIV. The belief that HIV is easily transmitted through social contact (15%) and blaming people with HIV for their disease (19.3%) are associated with stigmatization. Degree of proximity to people with HIV, political ideology, educational level, and age are also associated with the degree of stigmatization. According to these results, we suggest that, in order to reduce stigma, we need to modify the erroneous beliefs about the transmission pathways, decrease attributions of blame to people with HIV, and increase contact with them. These interventions should particularly target older people, people with a low educational level, and people with a more conservative political ideology.
A Psychology of Liberation for Central America: The Unfinished Work of Ignacio Martín-Baró (1942–1989)
Authors: Gondra José María 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOn November 16, 1989 the world was shocked by the news of the assassination of six Jesuits at the campus of the Universidad Centro Americana José Simeón Cañas (UCA) in San Salvador, El Salvador. Among those murdered by government soldiers was Ignacio Martín-Baró, a PhD in social psychology from the University of Chicago who at that time was the Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs and Vice-President of the Interamerican Society of Psychology (SIP). Drawing on Martín-Baró’s published writings and non-published academic papers and correspondence, this article traces the evolution of the Spanish-born Jesuit who became a leading authority among Latin American social psychologists. In particular, it analyzes his project of becoming a clinical psychologist under the influence of psychoanalysis, his critical social psychology aimed to “de-ideologize” the oppressed social classes of El Salvador, and his ultimate project of a psychology of liberation for Latin America. Martín-Baró’s work came to a tragic end just when it began to bear fruit, but it stands as a testimony to a lifetime committed to the human values of democracy, social justice and service to society’s poorest and most neglected.
Associative Relationships in Human Predictive Learning
Authors: Gámez A. Matías , Martos Rafael , Abad María J.F. , Rosas Juan M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to explore the associations involved in human predictive learning. Experiment 1 found that post-training devaluation of one of the outcomes by instructing participants that one of the attackers was indestructible, led to a significant decrease in participants’ predictive responses to the cue that was initially followed by the devalued outcome, suggesting that cue-outcome associations play a major role in human simple predictive learning. In Experiment 2, immediately after receiving cue-outcome predictive judgment training, participants were instructed to destroy the attackers by using the same responses previously used to give predictive judgments, but they were not informed as to which response should be used on each attacker. During a test in which both attackers were present at the same time, when the cue was present, participants preferentially chose the instrumental response alternative that was previously used as a predictive judgment about the relationship between the present cue and its outcome. In the absence of cues, participants equally chose either response alternative. This transfer of control shows that participants also establish judgment-outcome associations during predictive training.
Labelling Improves False Belief Understanding. A Training Study
Authors: Sellabona Elisabet Serrat , Sánchez Carles Rostan , Majoral Eduard Vallès , Guitart Moisès Esteban , Caballero Francesc Sidera , Ortiz Jèssica Serrano 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA total of 104 children aged between 41 and 47 months were selected to study the relationship between language and false belief understanding. Participants were assigned to four different training conditions: discourse, labelling, control (all with deceptive objects), and sentential complements (involving non-deceptive objects). Post-test results showed an improvement in children’s false belief understanding in the discourse and the labelling conditions, but not in the sentential complements with non-deceptive objects or the control group. Furthermore, the most remarkable improvement in false belief understanding occurred in the labelling group. These results suggest that some types of linguistic experience promote the development of false belief understanding, provided that differing perspectives are confronted.
Prototypicality and Intensity of Emotional Faces using an Anchor-Point Method
Authors: Sánchez Álvaro , Vázquez Carmelo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEmotional faces are commonly used as stimuli in a wide number of research fields. The present study provides values of 198 pictures from one of the amplest available face databases, the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF). We used a new validation strategy that consisted of presenting pairs of faces which included an emotional face (i.e., angry, happy, sad) and its corresponding neutral face from the same model. This design allowed participants to keep a comparison face (i.e., neutral) as a constant anchor point to evaluate parameters on each emotional expression presented. Raters were asked to judge both the prototypicality of the emotional expressions (i.e., the degree to which they represent their corresponding emotional prototypes) as well as their emotional intensity. We finally discuss the potential advantages of this anchor-point method as a system to elicit judgments on facial emotional expressions.
How “Proficient” Is Proficient? Comparison of English and Relative Proficiency Rating as a Predictor of Bilingual Listeners' Word Recognition
Authors: Shi Lu-Feng 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
The current study attempted to validate that English proficiency self-ratings predict bilinguals' recognition of English words as reported in Shi (2011) and to explore whether relative proficiency ratings (English vs. first language) improve prediction.

Method
One hundred and twenty-four participants in Shi (2011) and an additional set of 145 participants were included (Groups 1 and 2, respectively) in this study. All listeners rated their proficiency in listening, speaking, and reading (English and first language) on an 11-point scale and listened to a list of words from the Northwestern University Auditory Tests No. 6 (Tillman & Carhart, 1966) at 45 dB HL in quiet.

Results
English proficiency ratings by Group 2 yielded sensitivity/specificity values comparable to those of Group 1 (Shi, 2011) in predicting word recognition. A cutoff of 8 or 9 in minimum English proficiency rating across listening, speaking, and reading resulted in the best combination of prediction sensitivity/specificity. When relative proficiency was used, prediction of Group 1 performance significantly improved as compared to English proficiency. Improvement was slight for Group 2, mainly due to low specificity.

Conclusion
Self-rated English proficiency provides clinically acceptable sensitivity/specificity values as a predictor of bilinguals' English word recognition. Relative proficiency has the potential to further improve predictive power, but the size of improvement depends on the characteristics of the test population.
New HRCT-Based Measurement of the Human Outer Ear Canal as a Basis for Acoustical Methods
Authors: Grewe Johanna , Thiele Cornelia , Mojallal Hamidreza , Raab Peter , Sankowsky-Rothe Tobias , Lenarz Thomas , Blau Matthias , Teschner Magnus 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
As the form and size of the external auditory canal determine its transmitting function and hence the sound pressure in front of the eardrum, it is important to understand its anatomy in order to develop, optimize, and compare acoustical methods.

Method
High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) data were measured retrospectively for 100 patients who had received a cochlear implant. In order to visualize the anatomy of the auditory canal, its length, radius, and the angle at which it runs were determined for the patients' right and left ears. The canal's volume was calculated, and a radius function was created.

Results

The determined length of the auditory canal averaged 23.6 mm for the right ear and 23.5 mm for the left ear. The calculated auditory canal volume (

V
total

) was 0.7 ml for the right ear and 0.69 ml for the left ear. The auditory canal was found to be significantly longer in men than in women, and the volume greater.

Conclusion
The values obtained can be employed to develop a method that represents the shape of the auditory canal as accurately as possible to allow the best possible outcomes for hearing aid fitting.
Evaluation of a Pinna Compensation Algorithm for Sound Localization and Speech Perception in Noise
Authors: Kuk Francis , Korhonen Petri , Lau Chi , Keenan Denise , Norgaard Magnus 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThis study was designed to evaluate the effect of a pinna compensation (PC) algorithm on localization performance in the horizontal plane and speech intelligibility in noise.MethodNine and 18 experienced hearing aid users with bilaterally symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss participated in the localization study and the speech-in-noise study, respectively. Performance was evaluated unaided, aided with a behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aid with an omnidirectional microphone (Omni), and aided with the same hearing aid with the PC algorithm (Omni+PC). Localization performance was measured using 12 loudspeakers spaced 30° apart on a horizontal plane. Speech-in-noise performance was measured with speech presented from 0° or 180°. A single-blinded, repeated measures design was used.ResultsSignificant improvement in localization accuracy was found when comparing the Omni+PC condition to the Omni condition. Also, the Omni+PC condition improved the signal-to-noise ratio by 2.4 dB when compared to the Omni condition when speech was presented from the front in a diffuse noise background.ConclusionUse of the PC algorithm improved localization on the horizontal plane and speech-in-noise performance. These results support use of the PC algorithm in BTE hearing aid fittings.
Introduction to the
AJA
Research Forum on Hearing Screening in Adults and Older Adults
Authors: Grandori Ferdinando , Paglialonga Alessia 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
To illustrate the overall project that led to the development of a series of research forums highlighting several key contributions to AHS 2012, the 2nd International Conference on Adult Hearing Screening, in Cernobbio (Lake Como), Italy, and, in particular, to provide an overview of the first research forum, “Hearing Screening in Adults and Older Adults,” which contains a set of brief papers that tackle prominent issues related to adult hearing screening: guiding principles for adult screening, development of methods and technologies, program implementation and evaluation, possible future scenarios, and health policy issues.
The Effects and Costs of a Hearing Screening and Rehabilitation Program in Residential Care Homes for the Elderly in the Netherlands1
Authors: Linssen A. M. , Joore M. A. , Theunissen E. J. J. M. , Anteunis L. J. C. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
This study describes the effects and costs of hearing screening and rehabilitation in residential care homes for the elderly. It was hypothesized that offering an in-house hearing screening and rehabilitation program would be an effective strategy to increase hearing aid ownership among the residents.

Method
All 705 residents of 8 residential care homes in the Netherlands were invited to participate in a hearing screening (pure-tone audiometry) and rehabilitation (hearing aids) program. Resident participation was analyzed, and the costs were calculated.

Results
A total of 243 residents (34%) participated in the screening, 222 (91%) of whom had hearing loss. Ninety-one (41%) of the screening participants with hearing loss started rehabilitation, which was successful for 50 (55%) of them. Hearing aid ownership among the residents with hearing loss increased from 28% at the start of the program to 33% at the end. The costs were €1,896 (US $2,480) per successfully rehabilitated resident. Hearing aid trials and hearing aids together accounted for 83% of the total costs.

Conclusion
The effectiveness of the program was limited, as hearing aid ownership increased only slightly. Cost reduction measures should focus on decreasing the number of unsuccessful hearing aid trials.
Adult Hearing Screening: Follow-Up and Outcomes1
Authors: Thodi C. , Parazzini M. , Kramer S. E. , Davis A. , Stenfelt S. , Janssen T. , Smith P. , Stephens D. , Pronk M. , Anteunis L. I. , Schirkonyer V. , Grandori F. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
To screen hearing and evaluate outcomes in community-dwelling older adults.

Method
Three thousand and twenty-five adults responded to an invitation to be screened by questionnaire, otoscopy, and pure-tone audiometry. Pure-tone average (PTA) >35 dB HL in the worse ear, unilateral hearing loss, or otoscopic findings were the criteria for referral for services. A questionnaire related to compliance with referral recommendations was completed by telephone interview for 160 randomly selected participants after 1–2 years from referral.

Results
The referral rate for audiologic/hearing aid evaluation was 46%, and referral for cerumen removal/medical evaluation was 17%. Of the people referred for audiologic/hearing aid evaluation, 18% tried a hearing aid; 2 years later, 11% were using a hearing aid. Screening recommendations affected participants' decision to seek help. Study participants stated that the screening was helpful, it should be offered to everybody, and they would participate in future screenings.

Conclusion
Although adult hearing screening offered timely identification of hearing loss for adults seeking help, follow-up with hearing aid treatment was low.
Current adjustable clock distribution network scheme for GDDR5
Authors: Lim S.‐B. , Hwang S. , You J. , Baek Y. , Kim C. 
Published: June 2013

Presented is a current adjustable clock distribution network for GDDR5. In general, GDDR5 uses a current mode logic (CML) buffer as the global driver of the clock distribution. The wide‐frequency range conventional CML buffer is designed to the fastest frequency. However, the CML buffer consumes constant current at all frequencies. For this reason, the conventional buffer dissipates current more than necessary at low frequencies. A proposed current adjustable clock distribution network scheme adjusts the amount of the current consumption of the global driver according to the clock frequency. The proposed scheme is implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology, reduces power consumption by 17.7% in the wide frequency range from an average 10.26 mW of the conventional scheme to 8.44 mW.
Discrete, matched‐load, step‐up converter for 60–400 mV thermoelectric energy harvesting source
Authors: Shuttleworth R. , Simpson K. 
Published: June 2013

A circuit is described that enables the output of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to be boosted to around 5V over a TEG open circuit voltage range of 60 to 400mV. The topology has a JFET and MOSFET start‐up system which operates sequentially to charge a reservoir capacitor. When the capacitor is charged, the topology is converted to a discontinuous current mode flyback circuit which uses a BUZ11 MOSFET as the switch. The flyback circuit matches the converter input resistance to the TEG output resistance, thereby obtaining maximum power from the TEG. The circuit uses easily obtainable discrete components.
Offset error reduction using gate‐bulk‐driven error correction amplifier for low‐voltage sub‐bandgap reference
Authors: Lu Li , Li Changzhi 
Published: June 2013

Presented is a gain‐boosted gate‐bulk‐driven error correction amplifier with reduced offset errors for low‐voltage sub‐bandgap reference designs. The method can be applied to sub‐bandgap circuits with BJT diodes, subthreshold MOSFETs or Schottky barrier diodes. Detailed analysis and circuit implementation are presented. Low voltage operation has been verified over − 55 to 125 °C. Simulation and measurement results demonstrate the minimised offset error and improved supply sensitivity, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed gain boosting mechanism.
Analysis of parasitic effects in triple‐well CMOS SPDT switch
Authors: Sun Pinping , Liu Peng 
Published: June 2013

A comparison between a conventional body floating single pole double throw (SPDT) CMOS switch design and a proposed switched gate floating CMOS SPDT switch design based on an analysis of parasitic effects is presented. In standard CMOS technology, the switched gate floating switch is analytically proved to have higher isolation owing to the alleviation of parasitic diode and substrate coupling effects in the operation state. The proposed switch maintains a similar insertion loss as conventional swithches while achieving an average of 6 dB isolation improvement over the operating frequency, which agrees well with the presented analysis.
Quantitative dissection of hydrogen bond-mediated proton transfer in the ketosteroid isomerase active site
Authors: Sigala Paul A. , Fafarman Aaron T. , Schwans Jason P. , Fried Stephen D. , Fenn Timothy D. , Caaveiro Jose M. M. , Pybus Brandon , Ringe Dagmar , Petsko Gregory A. , Boxer Steven G. , Herschlag Daniel 
Published: June 2013

Significance
Hydrogen bond networks play critical structural and functional roles in proteins but have been challenging to study within this complex environment. We incorporated spectroscopic probes into the active site of the bacterial enzyme ketosteroid isomerase to systematically dissect the proton transfer equilibrium within a key hydrogen bond network formed to bound transition state analogs. Our study provides direct insight into the physical and energetic properties of a hydrogen bond network within an enzyme and presents a simple computational model of electrostatic effects within this protein that succeeds due to detailed knowledge of ionization states and a tightly controlled experimental system.
MS/MS networking guided analysis of molecule and gene cluster families
Authors: Nguyen Don Duy , Wu Cheng-Hsuan , Moree Wilna J. , Lamsa Anne , Medema Marnix H. , Zhao Xiling , Gavilan Ronnie G. , Aparicio Marystella , Atencio Librada , Jackson Chanaye , Ballesteros Javier , Sanchez Joel , Watrous Jeramie D. , Phelan Vanessa V. , van de Wiel Corine , Kersten Roland D. , Mehnaz Samina , De Mot René , Shank Elizabeth A. , Charusanti Pep , Nagarajan Harish , Duggan Brendan M. , Moore Bradley S. , Bandeira Nuno , Palsson Bernhard Ø. , Pogliano Kit , Gutiérrez Marcelino , Dorrestein Pieter C. 
Published: June 2013

Significance
The paper introduces the concepts of molecular families (MFs) and gene cluster families (GCFs). We define MFs as structurally related molecules based on their mass spectral fragmentation patterns, whereas GCFs are biosynthetic gene clusters that show similar gene cluster organization with a high degree of sequence similarity. We use MS/MS networking as a tool to map the molecular network of more than 60 organisms, most of which are unsequenced, and locate their nonribosomal peptide MFs. These MFs from unsequenced organisms are then connected to GCFs of publicly available genome sequences of closely related organisms.