bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Moving Things into Certain Places”: Nature, Culture and Art as Practice in Victorian Writing
Authors: Erchinger Philipp 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe essay takes the debate over Darwin’s method of reasoning, by analogy, from ‘artificial selection’ to ‘natural selection’ as a sample case to explore some of the epistemological issues that this method raised. It, moreover, explicates the relevance of these issues for the study of Victorian literature. Darwin, I argue, uses the arts of breeding and gardening as a model to study the nature of life, but this broached the question of whether a modelled version of nature can be sufficiently similar to nature ‘as it really is’ to warrant the logical step from the one to the other. Indeed, while many other naturalists maintained that human practices of domestication interfere with the laws of nature in an irregular way, making a difference between the ‘cultivated’ and ‘the wild’ that rules out the possibility of claiming them to be alike, Darwin’s argument is premised on the assumption of a continuity between the natural and the cultural according to which these domains have – in the medium of human practice – always already been crossed. As the essay shows, this assumption, encapsulated in the metaphor of ‘natural selection’, implies an integrative concept of ‘nature’ converging with the one that has been spelled out by J.S. Mill, who was involved in a fierce debate with W. Whewell about these matters. For ‘nature’, in Mill’s sense, does not exclude but include the many ways in which it is realised by human culture or art. Science, as a cultural practice, can therefore never fully grasp or domesticate nature from the outside but only – by “moving things into certain places” (Mill) – draw out its potentialities from the inside. The essay concludes by making a case for an approach to Victorian writing which does not cling to a theoretical distinction between ‘literature’ and ‘science’ but analyses how this distinction is, in practice, constantly drawn afresh.
The relative importance of genetic and nongenetic inheritance in relation to trait plasticity inCallosobruchus maculatus
Authors: Hallsson L. R. , Chenoweth S. F. , Bonduriansky R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA trait's response to natural selection will reflect the nature of the inheritance mechanisms that mediate the transmission of variation across generations. The relative importance of genetic and nongenetic mechanisms of inheritance is predicted to be related to the degree of trait plasticity, with nongenetic inheritance playing a greater role in the cross‐generational transmission of more plastic traits. However, this prediction has never been tested. We investigated the influence of genetic effects and nongenetic parental effects in two morphological traits differing in degree of plasticity by manipulating larval diet quality within a cross‐generational split‐brood experiment using the seed beetleCallososbuchus maculatus. In line with predictions, we found that the more plastic trait (elytron length) is strongly influenced by both maternal and paternal effects whereas genetic variance is undetectable. In contrast, the less plastic trait (first abdominal sternite length) is not influenced by parental effects but exhibits abundant genetic variance. Our findings support the hypothesis that environment‐dependent parental effects may play a particularly important role in highly plastic traits and thereby affect the evolutionary response of such traits.
Genital divergence in sympatric sister snails
Authors: Hollander J. , Smadja C. M. , Butlin R. K. , Reid D. G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA pattern of greater divergence in mating traits between sister‐species pairs with overlapping ranges than between allopatric species pairs is expected if reinforcement commonly contributes to speciation. Few large‐scale comparative analyses have addressed this prediction, especially for genital form. Here, we show that penial morphology follows the predicted pattern in 40 robustly identified sister‐species pairs in the marine gastropod subfamily Littorininae. Further work is needed to exclude other processes that may contribute to genital divergence between sympatric species, but the clear pattern we observe strongly suggests a role for genital form in reproductive isolation in this large clade.
Examining Appearance‐Based Rejection Sensitivity During Early Adolescence
Authors: Bowker Julie C. , Thomas Katelyn K. , Spencer Sarah V. , Park Lora E. 
Published: November 2012

The present study of 150 adolescents (M age = 13.05 years) examined the associations between appearance‐based rejection sensitivity (Appearance‐RS) and psychological adjustment during early adolescence, and evaluated three types of other‐gender peer experiences (other‐gender friendship, peer acceptance, and romantic relationships) as moderators. Appearance‐RS was found to be uniquely related to two types of social anxiety, but not to self‐esteem. Other‐gender friendship emerged as a protective factor, whereas high other‐gender peer acceptance emerged as a risk factor (especially for boys), after controlling for same‐gender mutual best friendship involvement and peer acceptance. Results highlight the importance of distinguishing between different types of other‐gender peer experiences during early adolescence and suggest that Appearance‐RS during adolescence warrants further investigation.
Literary Form and Philosophical Thought in Nineteenth‐Century Britain
Authors: Hext Kate 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis introduction to the special issue on Philosophy and Literature in Nineteenth‐Century Britain intends to define the fundamental historical and theoretical contexts of the volume. There are three main parts to this contextualization. First, and most substantially, I explore the interests and evolution of philosophical ideas in nineteenth‐century Britain. Whilst giving an overview of the trends and movements in the period, I argue that literature was essential in the dissemination, interrogation and even the constitution of philosophical ideas. Secondly, I sketch the increasing anxieties surrounding ‘philosophy’ in the nineteenth century, and suggest that nineteenth‐century novelists, poets and literary critics participated significantly in rethinking the nature of abstract, systematized philosophical discourse. Thirdly, in framing this discussion, I address why philosophy and literature have been marginalized in nineteenth‐century studies, arguing that the relationship between literature and philosophy is fundamental to our understanding of the period. Looking ahead, I suggest how scholars in nineteenth‐century studies might enter into an interdisciplinary dialogue with philosophical studies of philosophy and literature.
Phosphatidylserine exposure on the surface of Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes modulates in vivo infection and dendritic cell function
Authors: Wanderley J. L. M. , Thorpe P. E. , Barcinski M. A. , Soong L. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryLeishmania amazonensis parasites can cause diverse forms of leishmaniasis in humans and persistent lesions in most inbred strains of mice. In both cases, the infection is characterized by a marked immunosuppression of the host. We previously showed that amastigote forms of the parasite make use of surface‐exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) molecules to infect host cells and promote alternative macrophage activation, leading to uncontrolled intracellular proliferation of the parasites. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment of infected mice with a PS‐targeting monoclonal antibody ameliorated parasite loads and lesion development, which correlated with increased proliferative responses by lymphocytes. In addition, we observed an enhanced dendritic cell (DC) activation and antigen presentation in vitro. Our data imply that the recognition of PS exposed on the surface of amastigotes plays a role in down‐modulating DC functions, in a matter similar to that of apoptotic cell clearance. This study provides new information regarding the mechanism of immune suppression in Leishmania infection.
Complete Genome Sequence of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Cosmopolitan Genotype Strain in Guangdong, China
Authors: Zhao Hui , Deng Yong-Qiang , Hong Wen-Xin , Yu Xue-Dong , Jiang Tao , Yu Man , Hu Feng-Yu , Zhu Shun-Ya , Li Xiao-Feng , Song Ke-Yu , Qin E-De , Zhang Fu-Chun , Qin Cheng-Feng 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
Here we report the complete genome sequence of a dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) strain, GZ40, isolated in Guangdong, China, in 2010. A phylogenetic analysis classified GZ40 into the Cosmopolitan genotype, while previous Chinese DENV-2 isolates belong to the Asian I genotype. The reemergence of the Cosmopolitan genotype of DENV-2 in China deserves further investigation.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Recombinant Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain in China
Authors: Xue Yu , Xie Qingmei , Yan Zhuanqiang , Ji Jun , Chen Feng , Qin Jianping , Sun Baoli , Ma Jingyun , Bi Yingzuo 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
Recently, nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) outbreaks have occurred in commercial broiler flocks and have been associated with a high incidence and morbidity in China. The CK/CH/Zhejiang/06/10 strain (IBV-YX10) was isolated from a 12-day-old broiler chicken in a flock of chickens with swollen speckled kidneys and distended ureters filled with uric acid in China in 2010. Here we reported the complete genomic sequence of the IBV-YX10 which was a natural recombinant nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus strain. These findings will contribute additional insights into the molecular characteristics of evolving IBV genomes and the need for effective control of IBV in China.
Complete Genome Sequencing of a Velogenic Viscerotropic Avian Paramyxovirus 1 Isolated from Pheasants (Pucrasia macrolopha) in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Shabbir Muhammad Zubair , Goraya Mohsan Ullah , Abbas Muhammad , Yaqub Tahir , Shabbir Muhammad Abu Bakr , Ahmad Arfan , Anees Muhammad , Munir Muhammad 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1) isolated from an acute and highly contagious outbreak in pheasants (
Pucrasia macrolopha
) in Lahore, Pakistan. Biological and serological characterization showed a velogenic strain of APMV-1, which was further confirmed by the sequence analysis of the cleavage site in the fusion protein. Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated that this isolate belonged to genotype VII, specifically to subgenotype VIIa, and clustered closely with isolates characterized from Indonesia. Notably, the isolate showed significant differences from previously characterized APMV-1 from Pakistani commercial and rural chicken.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Virulent Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain
Authors: Zhou Yan-jun , Wu Yu-lu , Zhu Jian-ping , Tong Wu , Yu Hai , Jiang Yi-feng , Tong Guang-zhi 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
In recent years, acute outbreaks of epizootic diarrhea have occurred on many swine farms in China. Although the putative causative virus of the disease was not isolated, the genomic sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was consistently detected from feces of diseased pigs by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Here we report a complete genome sequence of PEDV which is apparently different from those of early PEDV circulated in Chinese swine herds.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Duck Astrovirus Discovered in Eastern China
Authors: Chen Linlin , Xu Qian , Zhang Ruihua , Li Jingxin , Xie Zhijing , Wang Yu , Zhu Yanli , Jiang Shijin 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
We report here the complete genome sequence of a duck astrovirus (DAstV) isolated from a dead duckling in eastern China. Sequence analyses indicated that the genome of the astrovirus possessed a typical astrovirus organization. Comparison of the partial polymerase gene sequences of DAstV-1 and DAstV-2 showed that the astrovirus shared 94.4% and 64.2% nucleotide identity, respectively. The whole nucleotide sequence of the astrovirus had the highest homology with the sequence of DAstV-1 strain C-NGB (98.7%). Therefore, the strain we describe here is a DAstV-1 isolate.
Complete Genome Sequence of IME15, the First T7-Like Bacteriophage Lytic to Pan-Antibiotic-Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Huang Yong , Fan Huahao , Pei Guangqian , Fan Hang , Zhang Zhiyi , An Xiaoping , Mi Zhiqiang , Shi Taoxing , Tong Yigang 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

T7-like bacteriophages are a class of virulent bacteriophages which have a clearer genetic background and smaller genomes than other phages. In addition, it grows faster and is easier to culture than other phages. At present, the numbers of available T7-like bacteriophage genomes and
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
genomes are small, and IME15 is the first T7-like virulent
Stenotrophomonas
phage whose sequence has been reported. It shows effective lysis of
S. maltophilia
. Here we announce its complete genome, and major findings from its annotation are described.
Genome Sequence of a New Streptomyces coelicolor Generalized Transducing Bacteriophage, ϕCAM
Authors: Monson Rita , Salmond George P. C. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Streptomyces coelicolor
is a model system for the study of
Streptomyces
, a genus of bacteria responsible for the production of many clinically important antibiotics. Here we report the genome sequence of ϕCAM, a new
S. coelicolor
generalized transducing bacteriophage, isolated from a soil sample originating from Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. Many open reading frames within ϕCAM shared high levels of similarity to a prophage from
Salinispora tropica
and a putative prophage in
Streptomyces
sp. strain C.
Complete Genome Sequence of an H10N5 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Pigs in Central China
Authors: Wang Nan , Zou Wei , Yang Ying , Guo Xuebo , Hua Yafeng , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Zongzheng , Jin Meilin 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
An avian H10N5 influenza virus, A/swine/Hubei/10/2008/H10N5, was isolated from pigs in the Hubei Province of central China. Homology and phylogenetic analyses of all eight gene segments demonstrated that the strain was wholly of avian origin and closely homologous to the Eurasian lineage avian influenza virus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of interspecies transmission of an avian H10N5 influenza virus to domestic pigs under natural conditions.
Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of an H6N1 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Guangxi Pockmark Ducks
Authors: Xie Zhixun , Xie Liji , Zhou Chenyu , Liu Jiabo , Pang Yaoshan , Deng Xianwen , Xie Zhiqin , Fan Qing 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
We report here the complete genomic sequence of a novel H6N1 avian influenza virus strain, A/Duck/Guangxi/GXd-5/2010(H6N1), isolated from pockmark ducks in Guangxi Province, Southern China. All of the 8 gene segments of A/Duck/Guangxi/GXd-5/2010(H6N1) are attributed to the Eurasian lineage; the amino acid motif of the cleavage site between HA1 and HA2 was P-Q-I-E-T-R-G. These are typical characteristics of the low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus. This study will help to understand the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of avian influenza virus in ducks.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Moderately Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Variant Strain
Authors: Du Yijun , Lu Yu , Qi Jing , Wu Jiaqiang , Wang Guisheng , Wang Jinbao 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has become one of the most economically important diseases to the global pork industry. The etiological agent is the PRRS virus (PRRSV). In the spring of 2006, a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) appeared in China and caused heavy economic losses. Here we report the complete genomic sequence of a novel PRRSV variant with 174 amino acid deletions in the nonstructural protein 2 (
nsp2
) gene.
Intelligibility of Non-Natively Produced Dutch Words: Interaction between Segmental and Suprasegmental Errors
Authors: Caspers Johanneke , Horłoza Katarzyna 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In the field of second language research many adhere to the idea that prosodic errors are more detrimental to the intelligibility of non-native speakers than segmental errors. The current study reports on a series of experiments testing the influence of stress errors and segmental errors, and a combination of these, on native processing of words produced by intermediate speakers of Dutch as a second language with either Mandarin Chinese or French as mother tongue. The results suggest that both stress and segmental errors influence processing, but suprasegmental errors do not outweigh segmental errors. It seems that a more ‘foreign’ generic pronunciation leads to a greater impact of (supra)segmental errors, suggesting that segmental and prosodic deviations should not be viewed as independent factors in processing non-native speech.
Unconscious Processing of Unattended Features in Human Visual Cortex
Authors: Emmanouil Tatiana Aloi , Burton Philip , Ro Tony 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Unconscious processing has been convincingly demonstrated for task-relevant feature dimensions. However, it is possible that the visual system is capable of more complex unconscious operations, extracting visual features even when they are unattended and task irrelevant. In the current study, we addressed this question by measuring unconscious priming using a task in which human participants attended to a target object's shape while ignoring its color. We measured both behavioral priming effects and priming-related fMRI activations from primes that were unconsciously presented using metacontrast masking. The results showed faster RTs and decreases in fMRI activation only when the primes were identical to the targets, indicating that primes were processed both in the attended shape and the unattended color dimensions. Reductions in activation were observed in early visual areas, including primary visual cortex, as well as in feature-responsive areas for shape and color. These results indicate that multiple features can be unconsciously encoded and possibly bound using the same visual networks activated by consciously perceived images.
Imaging Fatigue of Interference Control Reveals the Neural Basis of Executive Resource Depletion
Authors: Persson Jonas , Larsson Anne , Reuter-Lorenz Patricia A. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Executive control coordinates, prioritizes, and selects task-relevant representations under conditions of conflict. Behavioral evidence has documented that executive resources are separable, finite, and can be temporarily depleted; however, the neural basis for such resource limits are largely unknown. Here, we investigate the neural correlates underlying the fatigue or depletion of interference control, an executive process hypothesized to mediate competition among candidate memory representations. Using a pre/post continuous acquisition fMRI design, we demonstrate that, compared with a nondepletion control group, the depletion group showed a fatigue-induced performance deficit that was specific to interference control and accompanied by a left-to-right shift in the network of active regions. Specifically, we observed decreased BOLD signal in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), striatum, and the cerebellum, along with a corresponding increase in right hemisphere regions including the IFG, insular, and temporal cortex. Depletion-related changes in activation magnitude correlated with behavioral changes, suggesting that decreased recruitment of task-relevant regions, including left IFG, contributes to impaired interference control. These results provide new evidence about the brain dynamics of “process-specific” fatigue and suggest that depletion may pose a significant limitation on the cognitive and neural resources available for executive control.
Enhanced Striatal Sensitivity to Aversive Reinforcement in Adolescents versus Adults
Authors: Galván Adriana , McGlennen Kristine M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNeurodevelopmental changes in mesolimbic regions are associated with adolescent risk-taking behavior. Numerous studies have shown exaggerated activation in the striatum in adolescents compared with children and adults during reward processing. However, striatal sensitivity to aversion remains elusive. Given the important role of the striatum in tracking both appetitive and aversive events, addressing this question is critical to understanding adolescent decision-making, as both positive and negative factors contribute to this behavior. In this study, human adult and adolescent participants performed a task in which they received squirts of appetitive or aversive liquid while undergoing fMRI, a novel approach in human adolescents. Compared with adults, adolescents showed greater behavioral and striatal sensitivity to both appetitive and aversive stimuli, an effect that was exaggerated in response to delivery of the aversive stimulus. Collectively, these findings contribute to understanding how neural responses to positive and negative outcomes differ between adolescents and adults and how they may influence adolescent behavior.
Meaningful Family Relationships: Neurocognitive Buffers of Adolescent Risk Taking
Authors: Telzer Eva H. , Fuligni Andrew J. , Lieberman Matthew D. , Galván Adriana 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Discordant development of brain regions responsible for cognitive control and reward processing may render adolescents susceptible to risk taking. Identifying ways to reduce this neural imbalance during adolescence can have important implications for risk taking and associated health outcomes. Accordingly, we sought to examine how a key family relationship—family obligation—can reduce this vulnerability. Forty-eight adolescents underwent an fMRI scan during which they completed a risk-taking and cognitive control task. Results suggest that adolescents with greater family obligation values show decreased activation in the ventral striatum when receiving monetary rewards and increased dorsolateral PFC activation during behavioral inhibition. Reduced ventral striatum activation correlated with less real-life risk-taking behavior and enhanced dorsolateral PFC activation correlated with better decision-making skills. Thus, family obligation may decrease reward sensitivity and enhance cognitive control, thereby reducing risk-taking behaviors.