bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communal Ties and Political Obligations
Authors: Mokrosinska Dorota 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe associative argument for political obligation has taken an important place in the debate on political obligation. Proponents of this view argue that an obligation to obey the government arises out of ties of affiliation among individuals who share the same citizenship. According to them, relationships between compatriots constitute basic reasons for action in the same way in which relationships between family members or friends do. As critics point out, this account of the normative force of relationships has counterintuitive implications: if relationships between people sharing the same citizenship make up basic reasons for action, then relationships between people sharing other attributes, for example, relationships between racists or sexists form basic reasons for action too. In this essay, I pursue a modified version of the associative approach that is not vulnerable to this objection.
Legal Rights and the Limits of Conceptual Analysis: A Case Study
Authors: Barzun Charles Lowell 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLegal philosophers divide over whether it is possible to analyze legal concepts without engaging in normative argument. The influential analysis of legal rights advanced by Jules Coleman and Jody Kraus some years ago serves as a useful case study to consider this issue because even some legal philosophers who are generally skeptical of the neutrality claims of conceptual analysts have concluded that Coleman and Kraus's analysis manages to maintain such neutrality. But that analysis does depend in subtle but important ways on normative claims. Their argument assumes not only a positivist concept of law, but also that it counts in favor of an analysis of legal rights that it increases the number of options available to legal decisionmakers. Thus, whether Coleman and Kraus's analysis is right in the end depends on whether those normative assumptions are justified. If even their analysis, which makes the thinnest of conceptual claims, depends on normative premises, that fact serves as strong evidence of the difficulty of analyzing legal concepts while remaining agnostic on moral and political questions.
The Objectivity of Beliefs, Reasonable Disagreement and Political Deliberation
Authors: Sousa Felipe Oliveira De 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper is part of a broader argument that seeks to offer a justification for political authority. It aims to investigate the role of truth in political argument and to place the problem of reasonable disagreement. The argument focuses on the possibility of political deliberation, that figures as a stage of political decision‐making. It has to do with a confrontation between incompatible substantive beliefs which, however, all seem to be reasonable. How can citizens holding incompatible beliefs engage in an enterprise of justifying them to one another? That is the question.
Eyes Wide Shut: On Risk, Rule of Law and Precaution
Authors: Francot‐Timmermans Lyana , De Vries Ubaldus 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe rule of law offers legal certainty, laying down boundaries to the state's playing field. The precautionary approach stipulates that the absence of scientific certainty is no reason not to act to prevent harm. Here, uncertainty frames action. The precautionary approach potentially expands the state's playing field, and this expansion might well undermine the precepts of the rule of law. The certainty‐uncertainty axis exposes a tension between the rule of law and the precautionary approach in what Ulrich Beck has termed the world risk society in second modernity. It is this tension that is the focus of analysis in this article.
A new sawfly fossil from the lower Cretaceous of China elucidates antennal evolution in the lower Hymenoptera (Pamphilioidea: Praesiricidae: Archoxyelydinae subfam.n.)
Authors: WANG MEI , RASNITSYN ALEXANDR P. , REN DONG 
Published: May 2013

AbstractArchoxyelyda mirabilis gen.n. and sp.n., is described from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China. It is placed in the family Praesiricidae based on the loss of forewing Sc. The fossil is placed in Archoxyelydinae subfam.n. based on a modified antennal flagellum (consisting of two distinct multisegmented parts: a thick and tightly connected basal part, and a thin and more loosely articulated distal one). The incompletely preserved genus Xyelydontes Rasnitsyn, 1983 is tentatively transferred to Archoxyelydinae. The new material demonstrates a unique feature in the antennal anatomy: the composite third antennomere can be seen to consist of tightly connected primary antennomeres. Antennal evolution in the lower Hymenoptera is reviewed and three hypothetical pathways in their transformation are discussed.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:635EFD90-CA14-402C-BCBF-C77C194F2368.
Provision of bednets and water filters to delay HIV‐1 progression: cost‐effectiveness analysis of a Kenyan multisite study
Authors: Kern Eli , Verguet Stéphane , Yuhas Krista , Odhiambo Frederick H. , Kahn James G. , Walson Judd 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effectiveness, costs and cost‐effectiveness of providing long‐lasting insecticide‐treated nets (LLINs) and point‐of‐use water filters to antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve HIV‐infected adults and their family members, in the context of a multisite study in Kenya of 589 HIV‐positive adults followed on average for 1.7 years.MethodsThe effectiveness, costs and cost‐effectiveness of the intervention were estimated using an epidemiologic‐cost model. Model epidemiologic inputs were derived from the Kenya multisite study data, local epidemiological data and from the published literature. Model cost inputs were derived from published literature specific to Kenya. Uncertainty in the model estimates was assessed through univariate and multivariate sensitivity analyses.ResultsWe estimated net cost savings of about US$ 26 000 for the intervention, over 1.7 years. Even when ignoring net cost savings, the intervention was found to be very cost‐effective at a cost of US$ 3100 per death averted or US$ 99 per disability‐adjusted life year (DALY) averted. The findings were robust to the sensitivity analysis and remained most sensitive to both the duration of ART use and the cost of ART per person‐year.ConclusionsThe provision of LLINs and water filters to ART‐naïve HIV‐infected adults in the Kenyan study resulted in substantial net cost savings, due to the delay in the initiation of ART. The addition of an LLIN and a point‐of‐use water filter to the existing package of care provided to ART‐naïve HIV‐infected adults could bring substantial cost savings to resource‐constrained health systems in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Track structure of protons and other light ions in liquid water: Applications of the LIonTrack code at the nanometer scale
Authors: Bäckström G. , Galassi M. E. , Tilly N. , Ahnesjö A. , Fernández‐Varea J. M. 
Published: May 2013

Purpose:The LIonTrack (Light Ion Track) Monte Carlo (MC) code for the simulation of H+, He2+, and other light ions in liquid water is presented together with the results of a novel investigation of energy‐deposition site properties from single ion tracks.Methods:The continuum distorted‐wave formalism with the eikonal initial state approximation (CDW‐EIS) is employed to generate the initial energy and angle of the electrons emitted in ionizing collisions of the ions with H2O molecules. The model of Dingfelder et al. [“Electron inelastic‐scattering cross sections in liquid water,” Radiat. Phys. Chem., – (1998)10.1016/S0969‐806X(97)00317‐4; Dingfelder et al. “Comparisons of calculations with PARTRAC and NOREC: Transport of electrons in liquid water,” Radiat. Res., – (2008)10.1667/RR1099.1] is linked to the general‐purpose MC code PENELOPE/penEasy to simulate the inelastic interactions of the secondary electrons in liquid water. In this way, the extended PENELOPE/penEasy code may provide an improved description of the 3D distribution of energy deposits (EDs), making it suitable for applications at the micrometer and nanometer scales.Results:Single‐ionization cross sections calculated with theab initio CDW‐EIS formalism are compared to available experimental values, some of them reported very recently, and the theoretical electronic stopping powers are benchmarked against those recommended by the ICRU. The authors also analyze distinct aspects of the spatial patterns of EDs, such as the frequency of nearest‐neighbor distances for various radiation qualities, and the variation of the mean specific energy imparted in nanoscopic targets located around the track. For 1 MeV/u particles, the C6+ ions generate about 15 times more clusters of six EDs within an ED distance of 3 nm than H+.Conclusions:On average clusters of two to three EDs for 1 MeV/u H+ and clusters of four to five EDs for 1 MeV/u C6+ could be expected for a modeling double strand break distance of 3.4 nm.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Recovered from an Alpine Goat during an Outbreak in Morocco in 2008
Authors: Muniraju Murali , El Harrak Mehdi , Bao Jingyue , Ramasamy Parthiban Aravindh Babu , Banyard Ashley C. , Batten Carrie , Parida Satya 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Here, we announce the first complete genome sequence of a field isolate of a peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) from northern Africa. This isolate is derived from an Alpine goat that suffered from severe clinical disease during the 2008 outbreak in Morocco. The full genome sequence of this isolate clusters phylogenetically with the lineage IV isolates of PPRV, sharing high levels of sequence identity with other lineage IV isolates.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Kocuria
sp. Strain UCD-OTCP (Phylum
Actinobacteria
)
Authors: Coil David A. , Doctor Jessica I. , Lang Jenna M. , Darling Aaron E. , Eisen Jonathan A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome of
Kocuria
sp. strain UCD-OTCP, a member of the phylum
Actinobacteria
, isolated from a restaurant chair cushion. The assembly contains 3,791,485 bp (G+C content of 73%) and is contained in 68 scaffolds.
Whole-Genome Sequence of the Microcin E492-Producing Strain Klebsiella pneumoniae RYC492
Authors: Marcoleta Andrés , Gutiérrez-Cortez Sergio , Maturana Daniel , Monasterio Octavio , Lagos Rosalba 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the Gram-negative strain
Klebsiella pneumoniae
RYC492, which produces the amyloid-forming and antibacterial peptide microcin E492. The sequenced genome consists of a 5,095,761-bp assembled open chromosome where the gene cluster for microcin production is located in a putative 31-kb genomic island flanked by sequence repeats and containing a putative integrase-coding gene.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Dietzia
sp. Strain UCD-THP (Phylum
Actinobacteria
)
Authors: Diep Amanda L. , Lang Jenna M. , Darling Aaron E. , Eisen Jonathan A. , Coil David A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of an actinobacterium,
Dietzia
sp. strain UCD-THP, isolated from a residential toilet handle. The assembly contains 3,915,613 bp. The genome sequences of only two other
Dietzia
species have been published, those of
Dietzia alimentaria
and
Dietzia cinnamea
.
THE CHALLENGE OF TENDON PAIN
Authors: Vicenzino B 
Published: May 2013

Most patients with tendinopathy report pain interfering with their physical capacity to perform to expectation, either at sport, recreation or work. Tendinopathy is a diagnosis associated with collagen disruption, increased tenocytes and ground substance, and neovessels. The relationship between these local tendon changes and patients' reported pain and disability is not a direct one, which necessitates the clinician to use clinical reasoning skills in interpreting the presenting signs and symptoms in light of the best available evidence. At this clinician-patient interface, a salient adage with which most would be familiar is: ‘Treat the patient not the disease (diagnostic image/diagnosis/pathology test result)’. For example, arthritic changes on x-ray do not match patient symptoms and level of disability. The mismatch between the pathology and presenting patient's pain and disability is particularly applicable for tendon, given that studies have shown that there is not a direct relationship between pathological findings on diagnostic imaging with reported pain and disability. Understanding pain and its underlying processes/mechanisms is imperative, if management approaches are to be advanced/optimised.Recent findings of local pathological changes in the tendon of the non-exercised/injured limb in experimental animal models of tendinopathy have further increased the imperative to better understand the pain and disability associated with tendon problems. These bilateral changes in unilateral injured tendons are paralleled by recent findings from quantitative sensory testing in human studies, which I propose serves as an impetus for better understanding tendon pain and disability. Quantitative sensory testing has shown that mechanical hyperalgesia is a characteristic of tendinopathy, not only locally at the site of the presenting condition (in unilateral cases) but also in the contralateral tendon site, as well as remotely (eg, at the tibialis anterior muscle for lateral epicondylalgia). It has been proposed that this widespread mechanical hyperalgesia is indicative of sensitisation of the central nervous system. Further work has shown that there is heightened spinal cord excitability to a noxious stimulus (that is, nociceptive flexor reflex) and a reduction in efficacy of endogenous pain modulation (inhibition) to a conditioning noxious stimulus, both of which imply abnormal endogenous pain inhibition mechanisms. These studies are cross sectional and thus it remains unknown if the central nervous system changes precede or follow the onset of tendinopathy. Nevertheless they contribute further to our understanding of tendon pain.Improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying tendon pain will better enable the clinician to treat the patient not the disease.
REHABILITATION OF TENDINOPATHY: WHERE TO FROM HERE?
Authors: Cook J L 
Published: May 2013

The exercise or loading approaches to treatment of tendinopathy have been at the forefront of treatment options for the last 30 years. Prior to that, the predominance of the inflammatory model prescribed that rest, ice and anti-inflammatory medication was the only suitable approach. This approach was overwhelmingly unsuccessful; failure to recover and recurrence were common.In the 70′s Curwin and Stanish reported that eccentric loading was beneficial for tendinopathy, and although this received some notice in the clinical world, the Alfredson paper in 1995 resulted in an explosion of interest in eccentric load for tendinopathy. Since then much research has confirmed the benefits of eccentric exercise, however the reasons for its effectiveness have not been elucidated. The effectiveness appears to be specific to rehabilitation of active people; eccentric exercise in season, and in the inactive population was less successful. The specificity of eccentric-only exercise has also been questioned- although eccentric clearly has to be part of the programme, it has been shown to be effective when combined with concentric exercise and with quite high loads.Is there more progress to be made in the area of exercise-based rehabilitation? If the continuum model is correct, then consideration of loading in different stages is essential, remembering that the eccentric programme was shown to be most effective in chronic degenerative tendinopathy. Reactive tendinopathy is likely to require different loading regimes, as will the common clinical presentation of reactive on degenerative tendinopathy. Power and energy storage loads have not been considered in research, although clinically they are a critical part of rehabilitation. Research in these areas is likely to be complex and require multi-centre trials; it may be up to the people at this conference to prioritise this research as a group.
US AND DOPPLER-GUIDED SURGICAL TREATMENT BASED ON IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FINDINGS IN MIDPORTION ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY SHOWS GOOD CLINICAL RESULTS AND FAST RETURN TO ACTIVITY
Authors: Alfredson H , Andersson G , Backman L , Bagge J , Danielson P , Forsgren S 
Published: May 2013

IntroductionTreatment of midportion Achilles tendinopathy has been known to be difficult. Recent ultrasound(US) and Doppler(CD) findings (high blood flow outside ventral tendon), together with results of immunohistochemical analyses (marked presence of blood vessels accompanied by nerve fascicles in the ventral peritendinous tissue) have led to new treatment approaches like sclerosing polidocanol injections, where US and CD-guided injections in the region with high blood flow and nerves outside the tendon have shown good results. However, for satisfying pain relief multiple injection treatments were often needed. Therefore, based on the same principles as for the sclerosing injections, a more radical and one stage mini-surgical procedure has been invented.Methods107 patients (66 men, 41 women), mean age 43 years (range 24–77), with tendinosis in 125 Achilles tendons were, in local anaesthesia, treated with a US+CD-guided new surgical approach outside the ventral tendon. Pain during tendon loading activity (VAS) and satisfaction with treatment, were evaluated.ResultsBefore surgery,the mean VAS was 77.Aftersurgery (follow up mean 18 months, range 6–33) the mean VAS was 2 in 111 tendons (89%) from satisfied patients back in full Achilles tendon loading activity.ConclusionsUS+CD-guided scraping/tenolysis in the region with rich vascularity and innervation outside the ventral tendon shows good short term clinical results in midportion Achilles tendinopathy.
CHRONIC DISTAL BICEPS TENDON RUPTURE: RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF OUTOCOMES OF A NOVEL TECHNIQUE OF RECONSTRUCTION WITH TENDON GRAFT
Authors: Goetz T , Okada M , Scott A , Pike J 
Published: May 2013

IntroductionThe biceps brachii muscle is the primary forearm supinator and a secondary elbow flexor. The pathophysiology of distal tendon ruptures is still unclear. Patients with chronic rupture presenting 4–6 weeks after the original injury often due to mis-diagnosis or neglect have been, until recently treated non-operatively. The chronic case of biceps tendon rupture poses a surgical challenge due the retraction of the muscle and scarring or resorption of the tendon that may make it impossible to reattach primarily. A novel technique of reconstruction using tendon graft has been developed by the author. The study aims to measure subjective and objective outcomes of reconstruction with this technique.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of nine patients (mean age 47±10) treated with tendon reconstruction an average of 17 months following injury. Patients were evaluated and graded for bicep contour, range of motion, Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) and for bilateral elbow flexion and supination torque on a Biodex System 4 Pro dynamometer. Patient reported outcome questionnaires were also collected.ResultsThe mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score (DASH), American Shoulder and Elbow Society score (ASES), and Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) were 11±10, 91±10, and 88±14 respectively. Eighty of nine subjects were somewhat or very satisfied with the reconstruction. Biceps contour was 4.7 cm above the antecubital fossa on the operative side versus 3.9 cm on the nonoperative side. No statistically different strength discrepancies were noted between the operative and nonoperative sides when comparing isometric supination strength (p=0.42) and flexion strength (p=0.17), as well as peak supination torque at 90 degrees of elbow flexion (p=0.09).DiscussionReconstruction of chronic distal biceps tendon rupture with tendon graft resulted in low patient-reported disability and high patient satisfaction.No statistically different values in isokinetic supination and elbow flexion strength were noted between operative and nonoperative sides.No loss of ROM was noted as a result of the reconstruction.
SIMULTANEOUS BILATERAL RUPTURE OF ACHILLES TENDON ASYMPTOMATIC POSTENDINOPATHY
Authors: Martínez L Á , Vicente I G , Contreras E A , Jaramillo C R , Jaén T F 
Published: May 2013

IntroductionRupture of Achilles tendon is the most common among those taking place in the lower extremities, being twice as common in men than in women between 30–50 years old and usually caused while doing sport. There are some risk factors such as age or chronic treatments based on corticosteroids or antibiotics when belonging to Quinolones group.Spontaneous bilateral rupture of the Achilles tendon is much more infrequent, being almost exceptional in young and healthy patients without known pathological conditions.MethodIn relation to a specific clinical case, a medical history review was developed: personal history, diagnosis, treatment and progress.ResultAsthmatic 45 year old male occasionally undergoing medical treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. Previously asymptomatic. Training athletics in the morning and handball in the afternoon. After the first 10 min of the match notices a bilateral acute pain when starting to run, showing ruptures of both Achilles tendons confirmed by MRI scan.Treatment: surgical open-to-end suture reinforced with inverted taenia (see figure 1 below).Development: 3 weeks immobilisation without setting foot, 3 weeks Walker boot, partial setting foot and rehabilitation, medical discharge after 6 months without complications.DiscussionSimultaneous and spontaneous rupture of bilateral Achilles tendons in patients without pathological factors is really unusual. 25% of the healthy population above 30 years of age has degenerative structural changes in the Achilles tendon that increase the risk of rupture depending on the patient's activity level.Both percutaneous and open surgical treatments on young and active patients provide an appropriate alternative. The open surgical treatment allows the possibility of tendon reinforcement techniques and a more complete visualisation of the damage.The postsurgical rehabilitation management is an important factor for biomechanic tendon recovery alsoallowing the restart of patient's activities as soon as possible.Figure 1Appearance of Achilles tendon before (left) and after (right) surgical repair.