bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential for Improvement in Cancer Management: Reducing Mortality in the European Union
Authors: La Vecchia Carlo , Rota Matteo , Malvezzi Matteo , Negri Eva 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Overall age-standardized cancer mortality rates in the European Union (EU) have declined by approximately 20% through 2010 (17% in women, 22% in men) since the peak value reached in 1988. This corresponds to the avoidance of more than 250,000 cancer deaths in 2010 alone and approximately 2.2 million deaths over the 1989–2010 22-year period. A more than twofold difference remains between the highest cancer mortality rates (in Hungary and other central European countries) and the lowest (in selected Nordic countries and Switzerland). Part of this gap is due to tobacco, alcohol, and other lifestyle and environmental exposures, and another part is attributable to differences in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management. There are also appreciable differences in 5-year cancer survival across the EU, with lower survival rates in central and eastern Europe. If overall cancer survival in EU countries with low rates could be raised to the median, approximately 50,000 additional cancer deaths would be avoided per year, and more than 100,000 would be avoided if overall survival in all countries were at least that of the 75% percentile—4% and 8%, respectively, of the approximately 1.3 million cancer deaths registered in the EU in 2010. There is, however, substantial uncertainty about any such estimate because differences in cancer survival are partly or largely attributable to earlier diagnosis, in variable proportion for each cancer site and probably to different degrees in different countries, even in the absence of changes in the date of death or avoidance of death. Consequently, these approximations are the best available and may be used cautiously to compare countries, health care approaches, and changes that occur over time.
The Hemoglobin Glycation Index Identifies Subpopulations With Harms or Benefits From Intensive Treatment in the ACCORD Trial
Authors: Hempe James M. , Liu Shuqian , Myers Leann , McCarter Robert J. , Buse John B. , Fonseca Vivian 
Published: April 2015

OBJECTIVE
This study tested the hypothesis that intensive treatment in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial disproportionately produced adverse outcomes in patients with diabetes with a high hemoglobin glycation index (HGI = observed HbA1c − predicted HbA1c).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
ACCORD was a randomized controlled trial of 10,251 patients with type 2 diabetes assigned to standard or intensive treatment with HbA1c goals of 7.0% to 7.9% (53 to 63 mmol/mol) and less than 6% (42 mmol/mol), respectively. In this ancillary study, a linear regression equation (HbA1c = 0.009 × fasting plasma glucose [FPG] [mg/dL] + 6.8) was derived from 1,000 randomly extracted participants at baseline. Baseline FPG values were used to calculate predicted HbA1c and HGI for the remaining 9,125 participants. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression were used to assess the effects of intensive treatment on outcomes in patients with a low, moderate, or high HGI.

RESULTS
Intensive treatment was associated with improved primary outcomes (composite of cardiovascular events) in the low (hazard ratio [HR] 0.75 [95% CI 0.59–0.95]) and moderate (HR 0.77 [95% CI 0.61–0.97]) HGI subgroups but not in the high HGI subgroup (HR 1.14 [95% CI 0.93–1.40]). Higher total mortality in intensively treated patients was confined to the high HGI subgroup (HR 1.41 [95% CI 1.10–1.80]). A high HGI was associated with a greater risk for hypoglycemia in the standard and intensive treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONS
HGI calculated at baseline identified subpopulations in ACCORD with harms or benefits from intensive glycemic control. HbA1c is not a one-size-fits-all indicator of blood glucose control, and taking this into account when making management decisions could improve diabetes care.
Contrasting Effects of Lixisenatide and Liraglutide on Postprandial Glycemic Control, Gastric Emptying, and Safety Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Optimized Insulin Glargine With or Without Metformin: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial
Authors: Meier Juris J. , Rosenstock Julio , Hincelin-Méry Agnès , Roy-Duval Christine , Delfolie Astrid , Coester Hans-Veit , Menge Bjoern A. , Forst Thomas , Kapitza Christoph 
Published: April 2015

OBJECTIVE
This mechanistic trial compared the pharmacodynamics and safety of lixisenatide and liraglutide in combination with optimized insulin glargine with/without metformin in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, three-arm trial comparing lixisenatide 20 µg and liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg once daily for 8 weeks in combination with insulin glargine after optimized titration. The primary end point was change from baseline to week 8 in incremental area under the postprandial plasma glucose curve for 4 h after a standardized solid breakfast (AUC PPG0030–0430 h). Changes from baseline in gastric emptying, 24-h plasma glucose profile, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 24-h ambulatory heart rate and blood pressure, amylase and lipase levels, and adverse events (AEs) were also assessed.

RESULTS
In total, 142 patients were randomized and treated. Lixisenatide 20 µg achieved greater reductions of AUC PPG0030−0430 h compared with liraglutide (marginal mean [95% one-sided CI] treatment difference, −6.0 [−7.8] h ⋅ mmol/L [−108.3 (−140.0) h ⋅ mg/dL] vs. liraglutide 1.2 mg and −4.6 [−6.3] h ⋅ mmol/L [−83.0 (−114.2) h ⋅ mg/dL] vs. liraglutide 1.8 mg; P &lt; 0.001 for both), and gastric emptying was delayed to a greater extent than with liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg (P &lt; 0.001 for treatment comparisons). FPG was unchanged in all treatment arms. At week 8, mean ± SD HbA1c was 6.2 ± 0.4% (44 ± 5 mmol/mol), 6.1 ± 0.3% (44 ± 4 mmol/mol), and 6.1 ± 0.3% (44 ± 4 mmol/mol) for lixisenatide 20 µg and liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg, respectively. At week 8, both liraglutide doses increased marginal mean ± SE 24-h heart rate from baseline by 9 ± 1 bpm vs. 3 ± 1 bpm with lixisenatide (P &lt; 0.001). Occurrence of symptomatic hypoglycemia was higher with lixisenatide; gastrointestinal AEs were more common with liraglutide. Lipase levels were significantly increased from baseline with liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg (marginal mean ± SE increase 21 ± 7 IU/L for both; P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Lixisenatide and liraglutide improved glycemic control in optimized insulin glargine-treated T2D albeit with contrasting mechanisms of action and differing safety profiles.
Cochlear implantation outcomes in older adults
Authors: Castiglione Alessandro , Benatti Alice , Girasoli Laura , Caserta Ezio , Montino Silvia , Pagliaro Michela , Bovo Roberto , Martini Alessandro 
Published: April 2015

Objective:
More than 40% of the population above 65 years of age suffers from hearing impairment and approximately 1% has a severe to profound loss, which cannot benefit from hearing aids. There is strong evidence that hearing loss in older adults is associated with both cognitive impairment and aging. Cochlear implantation improves auditory function and speech perception. The aim of this paper was to analyse outcomes and complications of cochlear implantation in elderly patients.

Methods:
We used a retrospective observational study on 30 hearing impaired patients over 65 years of age, unilaterally implanted for severe to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The results were statistically evaluated through the Student's t-test for paired data.

Results:
Thirty patients (16 males and 14 females) between 65 and 79 years of age (median = 70.5) underwent cochlear implantation in the last four years at our clinic. They were unilaterally implanted for profound hearing loss: the left side was implanted in 19 cases, the right side in 11 cases. Pre-operative pure tone average at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz improved from 111.8dB HL (± 17.8) without hearing aids to 42.6dB HL (± 10) with the cochlear implant during the post-operative period of follow-up; speech recognition threshold mean improved from 90dB SPL to 65dB SPL. No major complications were noticed during post-operative follow-ups.

Discussion:
Cochlear implantation is a safe procedure even among elderly patients who can significantly benefit from hearing threshold (p < 0.001) and speech perception (p < 0.01) improvements. Familial and professional supports are essential, as well as specific conditions, such as long time deprivation, entity and type of hearing loss, cognitive status, depression and anxiety, which can greatly influence the results of auditory rehabilitation and its perceived benefits.

Conclusion:
Cochlear implantation should be considered a safe and effective treatment of hearing loss even in older adults.
Early Afrikaner Missionaries and the Central African Natural Ecology: A History of Ambiguous Interactions
Authors: Müller Retief 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: This article assesses the role of late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century Afrikaner missionaries in their ecological positioning in Nyasaland. As envoys of South Africa's Dutch Reformed Church, they were predisposed to self-identify with the dominant colonial culture as representative of “European civilization.” However, their own environmental sensibilities were also shaped by the rural agricultural background from which many of them had come. This article considers their role in the ecological values they directly or indirectly propagated. The theme of “hunting” is especially emphasized here, as well as the planting of trees. A following section concerns indigenous environmental concerns, especially dealing with the theme of rain, and the missionary response. The argument is made that the missionary discourse was implicitly infiltrated by the indigenous point of view, to the point that missionaries were occasionally convinced to go along with the indigenous perspective in order to get their message across. In the final analysis the suggestion is made that the missionary discourse effectively became hybridized, and that this historical example might in fact serve as an analogy for the kind of methodological conversion that this article suggests as something that might helpfully challenge dominant contemporary globalization norms that threaten the environment.
Eros, Agape, and Neighbour-Love as Ontological Gift
Authors: Gonwa Janna 
Published: April 2015

Abstract: In Eros and Self-Emptying, Lee Barrett suggests a reading of Augustine and Kierkegaard that interprets the believer's love for God as eros for God's agape-nature. While Barrett's analysis suggests how one might mediate between the teleological necessity of eros and the gratuitous movement of agape in the love between God and the believer, it does not answer the question of how this same mediation can be accomplished in the case of neighbour-love. As a result, it leaves unaddressed certain lingering worries in Augustine and Kierkegaard studies about how the neighbour can be the proper object of love rather than an indirect recipient of the believer's love for God. This article suggests that the problem of neighbour-love can be addressed by extending Barrett's account of God's love as ontological gift in light of Augustine's assertion in De Trinitate that God “loves us in order that we might become.” The resultant picture grounds love for the neighbour in her particular individuality as she is being called into fellowship with God, rather than in the application of a universal ethical law or as a by-product of the believer's obligation to Christ.
La ponctuation « œdipienne » des phrases
Authors: Pommier Gérard 
Published: April 2015

Freud avait déjà une idée de l'origine de la parole lorsqu'il décrivit dans l' Esquisse la fonction de message du cri. La psychanalyse a expérimenté ensuite les performances de la parole avant de les théoriser, essentiellement dans l'article de Freud sur l'inconscient dans la Métapsychologie . L'effectuation de la parole grâce au déroulement des représentations de mots refoule les représentations de choses pulsionnelles. Lacan a voulu schématiser ce processus grâce à l'algorithme célèbre de Ferdinand de Saussure. Cet énorme avantage a cependant beaucoup réduit la nature du refoulé. Quoiqu'il en soit, Freud comme le schématisme saussurien ont passé sous silence le problème de la verbalisation, c'est-à-dire de la performance du sujet, évidente dans la parole ordinaire ; la ponctuation courante montre la structure œdipienne de toute parole. Cette importance de la performance est devenue manifeste depuis les travaux d’Austin, et elle remet à l'ordre du jour la linguistique du Moyen-Âge.
Des effets de l’interprétation dans la cure
Authors: Donnelly Anne 
Published: April 2015

L’interprétation, un des outils essentiel de la cure analytique, va évoluer depuis Freud jusqu’à Lacan. L’auteur propose trois vignettes cliniques. Elles mettent en relief le rôle de l’équivoque : du côté de l’analyste quand il interprète ; du côté de l’analysant lorsqu’il produit, par exemple, un symptôme de langage. L’auteur souligne aussi la place du signifiant, pour l’analyste et pour le patient, dans la cure.
Le synode africain, dix ans après
Authors: Ramazani Bishwende Augustin 
Published: April 2015

Dix ans après le Synode africain de 1994, le pape Jean-Paul II avait annoncé un nouveau synode pour les Églises d’Afrique. Benoît XVI vient de réitérer le même appel : il souhaite un rassemblement synodal des évêques d’Afrique. Quelle est l’actualité théologique et pastorale du Synode africain de 1994, dix ans après sa tenue ? Quelles sont les questions pertinentes hypothéquant l’avenir des Églises africaines, soulevées par les évêques africains et que Rome semble déconsidérer ? Quels sont les défis lancés aux Églises africaines ? Celles-ci ont-elles encore besoin d’un rassemblement synodal ou d’un autre rassemblement plus important, « œcuménique », « universel », et pourquoi pas conciliaire ?
Jean et les traditions juives anciennes sur l’Exode : dépendances et oppositions
Authors: Remaud Michel 
Published: April 2015

Un midrash sur la scène du buisson ardent peut éclairer doublement certains passages des écrits johanniques. Il apporte une confirmation à l’idée classique d’une corrélation entre l’épisode des noces de Cana et la crucifixion de Jésus. Il autorise aussi l’hypothèse que certains thèmes ou expressions des textes johanniques (la comparaison de Jésus au serpent, la désignation de Jésus par l’expression « celui-là ») pourraient être un écho de la polémique entre la première génération chrétienne et la Synagogue.
Le rôle conjoint de la Trinité et des attributs divins jusqu’en christologie dans le Discours catéchétique de Grégoire de Nysse
Authors: Durand Emmanuel 
Published: April 2015

Faut-il mettre au point nos idées sur Dieu Un et Trine, afin de percevoir la puissance du Salut opéré par le Christ ? La présente étude interroge en ce sens la méthode du Discours catéchétique de Grégoire de Nysse. Au principe d’une catéchèse complète des mystères de la foi, centrée sur l’Incarnation et la Rédemption, Grégoire pose une doctrine trinitaire étroitement articulée aux attributs divins, en partie accessibles à la raison philosophique commune. Cette mise de fonds joue un rôle bien précis dans l’interprétation des mystères de l’économie dans la chair. La relation instituée entre « une digne conception de Dieu » et la révélation de l’identité divine dans les voies singulières du Salut constitue l’objet central de cet article. La question se pose finalement de l’importance décisive de la doctrine trinitaire pour un exposé christologique de facture narrative.
Sur les pas du Fils de l’homme : la christologie selon saint Marc
Authors: Begasse de Dhaem Amaury 
Published: April 2015

En suivant l’Évangile selon Marc, depuis le « prologue » jusqu’aux deux finales, l’auteur laisse se déployer au fil du récit la christologie ascendante et contrastée de Marc, où le portrait humain de Jésus et sa mission révélatrice, suscitant le questionnement sur son origine, sont lieu de manifestation de sa relation au Père et à l’Esprit. Les titres humains et seigneuriaux (Christ, Fils de Dieu, Seigneur) de Jésus prennent sens dans l’autorévélation du « Fils de l’homme », crucifié et ressuscité, permettant d’éclairer les grands symboles de foi de l’Église.
Développement du sentiment et du pouvoir d’agir : un exemple chez des médecins du travail
Authors: Poussin Nadine , Miossec Yvon 
Published: April 2015

L’objectif de cet article, à partir d’une intervention en clinique de l’activité auprès de médecins du travail, est de prendre pour objet d’analyse le lien entre la modification de sentiments et le développement du pouvoir d’agir. Nous partons du cas d’un médecin du travail qui a vu ses sentiments, initialement d’inefficacité et d’inutilité, transformés lors de l’intervention. Au cours de celle-ci, elle a été affectée, décontenancée mais cette déstabilisation a été productive puisqu’elle lui a permis, avec ses collègues, de prendre comme objet de discussion les buts poursuivis dans l’action et ainsi de revenir sur les rapports entre ces buts et les motifs de l’activité. Nous donnons à voir plus précisément une séquence d’un dialogue analysée du point de vue des émotions et des échanges d’arguments. Nous concluons que l’affect qui a provoqué l’embarras a ouvert la voie à une nouvelle manière de voir, d’imaginer et de faire. Cela nous permettra : 1) de distinguer affect, émotion et sentiment ; 2) de poser deux conditions à la transformation des sentiments : l’éprouvé d’un affect et l’enrichissement des significations ; 3) d’attester du lien entre transformation du sentiment et développement du pouvoir d’agir.
C-Type Lectin Receptor MCL Facilitates Mincle Expression and Signaling through Complex Formation
Authors: Miyake Yasunobu , Oh-hora Masatsugu , Yamasaki Sho 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
C-type lectin receptors expressed in APCs are recently defined pattern recognition receptors that play a crucial role in immune responses against pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Among pathogen-associated molecular patterns, cord factor (trehalose-6,6′-dimycolate [TDM]) is the most potent immunostimulatory component of the mycobacterial cell wall. Two C-type lectin receptors, macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) and macrophage C-type lectin (MCL), are required for immune responses against TDM. Previous studies indicate that MCL is required for TDM-induced Mincle expression. However, the mechanism by which MCL induces Mincle expression has not been fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that MCL interacts with Mincle to promote its surface expression. After LPS or zymosan stimulation, MCL-deficient bone marrow–derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) had a lower level of Mincle protein expression, although mRNA expression was comparable with wild-type BMDCs. Meanwhile, BMDCs from MCL transgenic mice showed an enhanced level of Mincle expression on the cell surface. MCL was associated with Mincle through the stalk region and this region was necessary and sufficient for the enhancement of Mincle expression. This interaction appeared to be mediated by the hydrophobic repeat of MCL, as substitution of four hydrophobic residues within the stalk region with serine (MCL4S) abolished the function to enhance the surface expression of Mincle. MCL4S mutant failed to restore the defective TDM responses in MCL-deficient BMDCs. These results suggest that MCL positively regulates Mincle expression through protein–protein interaction via its stalk region, thereby magnifying Mincle-mediated signaling.
Tissue-Specific Regulation of p38α-Mediated Inflammation in Con A–Induced Acute Liver Damage
Authors: Kang Young Jun , Bang Bo-Ram , Otsuka Motoyuki , Otsu Kinya 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Because p38α plays a critical role in inflammation, it has been an attractive target for the development of anti-inflammation therapeutics. However, p38α inhibitors showed side effects, including severe liver toxicity, that often prevailed over the benefits in clinical studies, and the mechanism of toxicity is not clear. In this study, we demonstrate that p38α regulates the inflammatory responses in acute liver inflammation in a tissue-specific manner, and liver toxicity by p38α inhibitors may be a result of the inhibition of protective activity of p38α in the liver. Genetic ablation of p38α in T and NKT cells protected mice from liver injury in Con A–induced liver inflammation, whereas liver-specific deletion of p38α aggravated liver pathology. We found that p38α deficiency in the liver increased the expression of chemokines to recruit more inflammatory cells, indicating that p38α in the liver plays a protective anti-inflammatory role during acute liver inflammation. Therefore, our results suggest that p38α regulates the inflammatory responses in a tissue-specific manner, and that the tissue-specific p38α targeting strategies can be used for the development of an effective anti-inflammation treatment with an improved side-effect profile.
Fitorremediación de un residuo de mina asistida con enmiendas y bacterias promotoras de crecimiento
Authors: Stefani Perea-Vélez Yazmín , Rogelio Carrillo-González , Amílcar Solís-Domínguez Fernando , del Carmen A. González-Chávez Ma. 
Published: April 2015

Resumen
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar estiércol ovino fresco, CaCO3, K2HPO4 y vermicompost para estabilizar elementos potencialmente tóxicos (EPTs) en un residuo de mina, y el efecto de bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (BPCV) en R. communis. Las enmiendas mejoraron las propiedades físicas y químicas del residuo. En adición, las concentraciones de Pb y Zn extractables con DTPA-TEA-CaCl2 se redujeron 22% y 41%, respectivamente. La biomasa aérea y área foliar de Ricinus communis se triplicó, y la altura se duplicó por efecto de las enmiendas y éstas en conjunto con la inoculación de BPCV con respecto al tratamiento testigo. No obstante, las enmiendas tuvieron mayor influencia sobre el crecimiento de R. communis que la inoculación con BPCV. Las concentraciones de Pb y Cd en la parte aérea fueron mayores a los umbrales de fitotoxicidad en todos los tratamientos. Sin embargo, los factores de bioacumulación de Cd mostraron que las BPCV disminuyen significativamente la acumulación de este elemento en tejido aéreo en comparación con el tratamiento testigo y las enmiendas. No se observaron síntomas visibles de toxicidad (necrosis, clorosis, marchitez o malformaciones) en las plantas de los tratamientos con enmienda e inoculación de BPCV. Las concentraciones de malondialdehído y H2O2 fueron significativamente menores en comparación con las plantas del tratamiento testigo. Las plantas que crecieron en el residuo de mina presentaron baja biomasa y la concentración de Zn en el follaje fue 1.5 veces mayor a los umbrales fitotóxicos. El análisis de correlación linear sugiere que la alta concentración de Zn fue el principal factor en disminuir la tasa de fotosíntesis, biomasa aérea y concentración de clorofila en las plantas testigo. Así mismo, este elemento estimuló la generación de especies reactivas del oxígeno como el H2O2. Finalmente, después de establecer R. communis en el residuo de mina la concentración de Pb extractable con DTPA disminuyo 50% aproximadamente en todos los tratamientos, aparentemente la planta ayuda a estabilizarlo.