bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relations Among Chronic Peer Group Rejection, Maladaptive Behavioral Dispositions, and Early Adolescents' Peer Perceptions
Authors: Ladd Gary W. , Ettekal Idean , Kochenderfer‐Ladd Becky , Rudolph Karen D. , Andrews Rebecca K. 
Published: January 2014

Adolescents' perceptions of peers' relational characteristics (e.g., support, trustworthiness) were examined for subtypes of youth who evidenced chronic maladaptive behavior, chronic peer group rejection, or combinations of these risk factors. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify subgroups of participants within a normative sample of youth (N = 477; 50% female) for whom data had been gathered from fifth grade (Mage = 10.61) through eighth grade (Mage = 13.93). Results revealed that both enduring individual vulnerability (i.e., chronic withdrawn or chronic aggressive behavioral dispositions) and interpersonal adversity (i.e., chronic peer group rejection) were linked with either differences or changes in adolescents' perceptions of their peers' supportiveness and trustworthiness across the early adolescent age period.
Circulating TSLP associates with decreased wheezing in non‐atopic preschool children: data from the URECA birth cohort
Authors: Demehri S. , Yockey L. J. , Visness C. M. , Jaffee K. F. , Turkoz A. , Wood R. A. , O'Connor G. T. , Kattan M. , Gern J. E. , Gergen P. J. , Holtzman M. , Bloomberg G. , Kopan R. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundMouse models of atopic march suggest that systemic, skin‐derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) mediates progression from eczema to asthma.ObjectiveWe investigated whether circulating TSLP is associated with eczema, allergic sensitization, or recurrent wheezing in young children.MethodsA prospective analysis of the relationship between plasma levels of TSLP to allergic sensitization and recurrent wheezing was conducted in the birth cohort from the Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma (URECA) study. Plasma TSLP levels were measured at 1, 2, and 3 years of age and analysed for correlation with clinical parameters in each of the three years. Only those children with consecutive samples for all three years were included in this analysis.ResultsWe detected TSLP in 33% of 236 children for whom plasma samples were available for all three years. Overall, a consistently significant association was not found between TSLP and eczema or allergic sensitization. With regard to recurrent wheezing, children with detectable TSLP at one year of age were significantly less likely to experience recurrent wheezing by 3 years compared with those children without detectable TSLP, but this was only seen in children without aeroallergen sensitization at 3 years (P < 0.01).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceContrary to our expectations, circulating TSLP was not significantly associated with eczema, allergen sensitization, or recurrent wheezing during the first three years of life. Early presence of circulating TSLP was significantly associated with reduced incidence of recurrent wheeze in those children not sensitized to aeroallergen. These findings suggest a possible underlying distinction between pathogenesis of developing atopic vs. non‐atopic recurrent wheeze.
No significant difference in the prognostic value of the 5th and 7th editions of AJCC staging for differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Vrachimis Alexis , Gerss Joachim , Stoyke Maren , Wittekind Christian , Maier Tobias , Wenning Christian , Rahbar Kambiz , Schober Otmar , Riemann Burkhard 
Published: January 2014

SummaryObjectiveThe seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) has more detailed staging categories for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) than the fifth edition. The aim was to compare potential alterations in the disease‐specific (DSS), event‐free (EFS) and overall survival (OS), after reclassification from the fifth to the seventh edition.MethodsData of 2460 patients with DTC referred to our centre were reclassified from the fifth to the seventh edition of AJCC. DSS, EFS and OS were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared by the log‐rank test. The relative abilities of each edition to predict survival were calculated by the proportion of variance explained (PVE).ResultsAfter reclassification to the seventh edition, there was an increase in stage I and IV patients from 58·1% to 65·0% and from 6·2% to 10·1%, respectively, and a corresponding decrease in stage II and III patients from 22·4% to 12·5% and 13·3% to 12·4%, respectively. As to DSS, the seventh edition had only a marginally higher PVE value than the fifth edition. With respect to EFS, the predictability of the seventh edition was even inferior to that of the fifth edition. Similarly, with regard to OS, the PVE value was slightly better for the older edition. Furthermore, a comparison only for those patients affected by the reclassification revealed no differences for DSS, EFS or OS between classifications.ConclusionWhen comparing the stages of the seventh with the fifth edition of the AJCC for DTC, there was no significant difference in predicting DSS, EFS and OS.
Historical control data on developmental toxicity studies in rodents
Authors: Ema Makoto , Endoh Katsumi , Fukushima Ryou , Fujii Sakiko , Hara Hiroaki , Hirata‐Koizumi Mutsuko , Hirose Akihiko , Hojo Hitoshi , Horimoto Masao , Hoshino Nobuhito , Hosokawa Yoshinori , Imai Yukari , Inada Hiroshi , Inawaka Kunifumi , Itoh Keiichi , Katsumata Yoshihiro , Izumi Hiroyuki , Kato Hirohito , Maeda Maki , Matsumoto Kiyoshi , Matsuo Seiki , Matsuoka Toshiki , Matsuura Ikuo , Mineshima Hiroshi , Miwa Yoji , Nakano Nao , Naya Masato , Noyori Hiroko , Ohta Takafumi , Oku Harutaka , Ono Atsushi , Shimizu Tatsuya , Shimomura Kazuhiro , Takakura Ikuro , Tanaka Ryota , Tateishi Taishi , Tominaga Yuko , Uesugi Tohru , Urakawa Chizuru , Yabe Kaoru , Yamashita Akihito , Yamauchi Toshiaki , Yokoi Ryohei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHistorical control data on rodent developmental toxicity studies, performed between 1994 and 2010, were obtained from 19 laboratories in Japan, including 10 pharmaceutical and chemical companies and nine contract research organizations. Rats, mice, and hamsters were used for developmental toxicity studies. Data included maternal reproductive findings at terminal cesarean sections and fetal findings including the spontaneous incidences of external, visceral, and skeletal anomalies. No noticeable differences were observed in maternal reproductive data between laboratories. Inter‐laboratory variations in the incidences of fetuses with anomalies appeared to be due to differences in the selection of observation parameters, observation criteria, classification of the findings, and terminology of fetal alterations. Historical control data are useful for the appropriate interpretation of experimental results and evaluation of the effects of chemical on reproductive and developmental toxicities.
Subfatin is a Novel Adipokine and Unlike Meteorin in Adipose and Brain Expression
Authors: Li Zhi‐Yong , Zheng Si‐Li , Wang Pei , Xu Tian‐Ying , Guan Yun‐Feng , Zhang Yi‐Jie , Miao Chao‐Yu 
Published: January 2014

SummaryAimsAdipose tissue releases adipokines that play important roles in metabolic and cardio‐cerebro‐vascular homeostasis. This study was to discover novel adipokines using caloric restriction model.MethodsAdipokine candidates were captured by gene array and bioinformatics analysis and verified by preparation of recombinant protein and antibody.ResultsWe established a potential secreted protein database containing 208 genes and identified a novel adipokine, Subfatin, that was the highest expressed in subcutaneous fat of both rodents and humans among 15 detected tissues. The secreted mammalian Subfatin was a glycosylated protein. Subfatin was located diffusely throughout the adipose tissue except lipid droplets, with comparable expression between adipocytes and stromal cells, but much lower expression in macrophages than adipocytes. Subfatin was downregulated in white adipose tissue of caloric restriction rats, whereas dramatically upregulated during white adipocyte differentiation as well as in white adipose tissue of diet‐induced obese mice. Subfatin was annotated as Meteorin‐like (Metrnl) in public databases, a similar transcript of Meteorin (Metrn, also known as glial cell differentiation regulator). Meteorin displayed a brain‐specific expression and was scarce in various adipose tissues, in contrast to the tissue expression patterns of Subfatin.ConclusionsSubfatin is a novel adipokine regulated by adipogenesis and obesity, with tissue distribution different from its homologue Meteorin.
A universal, accurate intensity‐based classification of different physical activities using raw data of accelerometer
Authors: Vähä‐Ypyä Henri , Vasankari Tommi , Husu Pauliina , Suni Jaana , Sievänen Harri 
Published: January 2014

SummaryObjectiveAccelerometers are increasingly used for objective assessment of physical activity. However, because of lack of the proprietary analysis algorithms, direct comparisons between accelerometer brands are difficult. In this study, we propose and evaluate open source methods for commensurate assessment of raw accelerometer data irrespective of the brand.DesignTwenty‐one participants carried simultaneously three different tri‐axial accelerometers on their waist during five different sedentary activities and five different intensity levels of bipedal movement from slow walking to running. Several time and frequency domain traits were calculated from the measured raw data, and their performance in classifying the activities was compared.ResultsOf the several traits, the mean amplitude deviation (MAD) provided consistently the best performance in separating the sedentary activities and different speeds of bipedal movement from each other. Most importantly, the universal cut‐off limits based on MAD classified sedentary activities and different intensity levels of walking and running equally well for all three accelerometer brands and reached at least 97% sensitivity and specificity in each case.ConclusionIrrespective of the accelerometer brand, a simply calculable MAD with universal cut‐off limits provides a universal method to evaluate physical activity and sedentary behaviour using raw accelerometer data. A broader application of the present approach is expected to render different accelerometer studies directly comparable with each other.
Guidelines for future research in constraint‐induced movement therapy for children with unilateral cerebral palsy: an expert consensus
Authors: Eliasson Ann Christin , Krumlinde‐Sundholm Lena , Gordon Andrew M , Feys Hilde , Klingels Katrijn , Aarts Pauline B M , Rameckers Eugene , Autti‐Rämö Ilona , Hoare Brian 
Published: January 2014

AimThe aim of this study was to provide an overview of what is known about constraint‐induced movement therapy (CIMT) in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP), to identify current knowledge gaps, and to provide suggestions for future research.MethodNine experts participated in a consensus meeting. A comprehensive literature search was conducted and data were summarized before the meeting. The core model produced by the European network for Health Technology Assessment was used as a framework for discussion and to identify critical issues for future research.ResultsAll models of CIMT have demonstrated improvements in the upper limb abilities of children with unilateral CP. A consensus was reached on 11 important questions to be further explored in future studies. The areas of highest priority included the effect of dosage, the effect of repeated CIMT, and the impact of predictive factors, such as age, on the response to CIMT. Consensus suggestions for future study designs and the use of validated outcome measures were also provided.InterpretationThe CIMT construct is complex, and much remains unknown. It is unclear whether a specific model of CIMT demonstrates superiority over others and whether dosage of training matters. Future research should build upon existing knowledge and aim to provide information that will help implement CIMT in various countries with different health care resources and organizational structures.
Brain malformations and mutations in α‐ and β‐tubulin genes: a review of the literature and description of two new cases
Authors: Romaniello Romina , Arrigoni Filippo , Cavallini Anna , Tenderini Erika , Baschirotto Cinzia , Triulzi Fabio , Bassi Maria‐Teresa , Borgatti Renato 
Published: January 2014

AimThe aim of this study was to determine the frequency of mutations in tubulin genes (TUBB2B, TUBA1A, and TUBB3) in patients with malformations of cortical development (MCDs) of unknown origin.MethodIn total, 79 out of 156 patients (41 males, 38 females; age range 8mo–55y (mean age 13y 3mo, SD 11y 2mo) with a neuroradiological diagnosis of MCDs were enrolled in the study. The 77 excluded patients were excluded for the following reasons: suspected or proven diagnosis of pre‐ or perinatal ischaemic insult (n=13); syndromic disease (n=10); congenital infection (n=14); pregnancy complicated by twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (n=2); proven mutations in known genes (n=13); poor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quality, or lack of informed consent (n=25). A genetic analysis of the TUBA1A, TUBB2B and TUBB3 genes was carried out by direct sequencing of the coding regions of the relevant genes for each participant. Previously described patients with mutations in the TUBB2B and TUBA1A genes were reviewed; clinical and neuroradiological findings were compared and discussed.ResultsTwo novel heterozygous mutations were detected: a heterozygous mutation in exon 4 of the TUBA1A gene (c.1160C>T) in a 5‐year‐old female with microcephaly, severe intellectual disability, and absence of language, and a c.1080 _1084del CCTGAinsACATCTTC in exon 4 of the TUBB2B gene in a 31‐year‐old female with microcephaly, spastic tetraparesis, severe intellectual disability, and scoliosis. Different types of cortical abnormalities, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, and optic nerve hypoplasia/atrophy were detected on MRI. Dysmorphisms of the basal ganglia and the hippocampi with abnormalities of the midline commissural structures were present in both cases.InterpretationThe consistent presence of hypoplastic and disorganized white matter tracts suggests that, in addition to defects in neuronal migration, disruption of axon growth and guidance is a peculiar feature of tubulin‐related disorders.
Neighboring genes shaping a single adaptive mimetic trait
Authors: Pardo‐Diaz Carolina , Jiggins Chris D. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThe colorful wing patterns of Heliconius butterflies represent an excellent system in which to study the genetic and developmental control of adaptation and convergence. Using qRT‐PCR and in situ hybridization on developing wings of the co‐mimic species Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius erato, we have profiled the expression of three candidate genes located in the genomic locus controlling red color pattern variation. We found convergent domains of gene expression in H. melpomene and H. erato associated with red wing elements in the two genes optix and kinesin. During early pupal development of both species, the expression of optix perfectly associated with all red pattern elements whereas that of kinesin was specifically correlated with the presence of the red forewing band. These results provide evidence for the use of these two tightly linked patterning genes, acting together to create convergent wing phenotypes in Heliconius and constituting a hotspot of adaptation.
Evaluating scenarios for the evolutionary assembly of the brachiopod body plan
Authors: Murdock Duncan J. E. , Bengtson Stefan , Marone Federica , Greenwood Jenny M. , Donoghue Philip C. J. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThe fossil faunas of the Cambrian provide the only direct insight into the assembly of animal body plans. However, for many animal groups, their early fossil record is linked to disarticulated remains, interpretation of which is problematic since they possess few characters from which their affinity to phyla can be established and, indeed, few characters at all. One such group is the tommotiids, which has been interpreted, on the basis of skeletal anatomy, as a paraphyletic assemblage uniting brachiopods and phoronids, through the acquisition and subsequent modification, or loss, of an imbricated set of dorsal phosphatic sclerites. Here we present a reexamination of the fossil evidence uniting the tommotiids and brachiopods, supplemented with new anatomical data from synchrotron radiation X‐ray tomographic microscopy of key tommotiid taxa. The characters used to support the complex hypothesis of character evolution in the brachiopod stem lineage relies on scleritome reconstructions and inferred mode of life which themselves rely on brachiopods being chosen as the interpretative model. We advocate a more conservative interpretation of the affinity of these fossils, based a priori on their intrinsic properties, rather than the modern analogue in whose light they have been interpreted.
The lateral mesodermal divide: an epigenetic model of the origin of paired fins
Authors: Nuño de la Rosa Laura , Müller Gerd B. , Metscher Brian D. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYBy examining development at the level of tissues and processes, rather than focusing on gene expression, we have formulated a general hypothesis to explain the dorso‐ventral and anterior–posterior placement of paired appendage initiation sites in vertebrates. According to our model, the number and position of paired appendages are due to a commonality of embryonic tissue environments determined by the global interactions involving the two separated layers (somatic and visceral) of lateral plate mesoderm along the dorso‐ventral and anterior–posterior axes of the embryo. We identify this distribution of developmental conditions, as modulated by the separation/contact of the two LPM layers and their interactions with somitic mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm as a dynamic developmental entity which we have termed the lateral mesodermal divide (LMD). Where the divide results in a certain tissue environment, fin bud initiation can occur. According to our hypothesis, the influence of the developing gut suppresses limb initiation along the midgut region and the ventral body wall owing to an “endodermal predominance.” From an evolutionary perspective, the lack of gut regionalization in agnathans reflects the ancestral absence of these conditions, and the elaboration of the gut together with the concomitant changes to the LMD in the gnathostomes could have led to the origin of paired fins.
EFNS/ENS Consensus on the diagnosis and management of chronic ataxias in adulthood
Authors: van de Warrenburg B. P. C. , van Gaalen J. , Boesch S. , Burgunder J.‐M. , Dürr A. , Giunti P. , Klockgether T. , Mariotti C. , Pandolfo M. , Riess O. 
Published: January 2014

Background and objectivesThe ataxias are a challenging group of neurological diseases due the aetiological heterogeneity and the complexity of the genetic subtypes. This guideline focuses on the heredodegenerative ataxias. The aim is to provide a peer‐reviewed evidence‐based guideline for clinical neurologists and other specialist physicians responsible for the care of patients with ataxia.MethodsThis guideline is based on systematic evaluations of the relevant literature and on three consensus meetings of the task force.DiagnosisIf acquired causes are ruled out, and if the disease course is rather slowly progressive, a (heredo)degenerative disease is likely. A positive family history gives much guidance. In the case of a dominant family history, first line genetic screening is recommended for spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 17 (level B), and in Asian patients also for dentatorubral‐pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). In the case of recessive disease, a stepwise diagnostic work‐up is recommended, including both biochemical markers and targeted genetic testing, particularly aimed at Friedreich's ataxia, ataxia telangiectasia, ataxia due to vitamin E deficiency, polymerase gamma gene (POLG gene, various mutations), autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix−Saguenay (ARSACS) and ataxia with oculomotor apraxia (AOA) types 1 and 2. If family history is negative, we still advise to screen for the more common dominant and recessive ataxias. In addition, if onset is below 45 years we recommend the full work‐up for recessive ataxias; if onset is above 45 years we recommend to screen for fragile X mental retardation 1 FMR1 premutations (good practice points). In sporadic cases with an onset after 30 years, a diagnosis of multiple system atrophy should be considered (good practice point). In particular the genetic work‐up will change over the upcoming years due to the diagnostic utility of new techniques such as gene panel diagnostics based on next generation sequencing for routine work‐up, or even whole exome and genome sequencing for selected cases.TreatmentSome of the rare recessive ataxias are treatable, but for most of the heredodegenerative ataxias treatment is purely symptomatic. Idebenone is not effective in Friedreich's ataxia (level A). Riluzole (level B) and amantadine (level C) might provide symptomatic relief, irrespective of exact etiology. Also, varenicline for SCA3 patients (level B) can be considered. There is level Class II evidence to recommend physiotherapy, and Class III data to support occupational therapy.
Biomarkers of epileptogenic zone defined by quantified stereo‐EEG analysis
Authors: Gnatkovsky Vadym , de Curtis Marco , Pastori Chiara , Cardinale Francesco , Lo Russo Giorgio , Mai Roberto , Nobili Lino , Sartori Ivana , Tassi Laura , Francione Stefano 
Published: January 2014

SummaryObjectiveIn one third of patients with a diagnosis of pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy who are candidates for therapeutic surgery, cerebral areas responsible for seizure generation can be defined exclusively with invasive intracranial recordings. A correct presurgical identification of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) with intracranial electrodes has a direct impact on postsurgical outcome. We aimed at identifying biomarkers of the EZ based on computer‐assisted inspection of intracranial electroencephalography (EEG).MethodsComputer‐driven intracranial EEG analysis in the domains of time, frequency, and space was retrospectively applied to a population of 10 patients with focal epilepsy to detect EZ electrophysiologic markers. Next, a prospective study was performed on 14 surgery candidate patients. The stereo‐EEG computer‐assisted analysis of EZ boundaries performed blind from patients data was compared to that defined with the traditional visual inspection completed by neurophysiologists.ResultsIn the retrospective study, the EZ was characterized by the combined detection of three biomarkers observed at seizure onset: (1) fast activity at 80–120 Hz associated with (2) very slow transient polarizing shift and (3) voltage depression (flattening). Correlations between these indexes were calculated for each seizure. In the prospective study, the quantified analysis based on the three biomarkers confirmed a complete overlap between leads within the EZ identified by expert clinicians. In 2 of 14 patients the proposed biomarkers partially identified the EZ.SignificanceOur findings demonstrate and validate with a prospective unbiased study the use of three neurophysiologic intracranial EEG parameters as excellent biomarkers of ictogenesis and as reliable indicators of EZ boundaries.