bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Octinoxate, Oxybenzone, and Octocrylene in a Sunscreen Formulation Using Validated Spectrophotometric and Chemometric Methods
Authors: Abdel-Ghany Maha F , Abdel-Aziz Omar , Ayad Miriam F , Mikawy Neven N 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Accurate, reliable, and sensitive spectrophotometric and chemometric methods were developed for simultaneous determination of octinoxate (OMC), oxybenzone (OXY), and octocrylene (OCR) in a sunscreen formulation without prior separation steps, including derivative ratio spectra zero crossing (DRSZ), double divisor ratio spectra derivative (DDRD), mean centering ratio spectra (MCR), and partial least squares (PLS-2). With the DRSZ technique, the UV filters could be determined in the ranges of 0.5–13.0, 0.3–9.0, and 0.5–9.0 μg/mL at 265.2, 246.6, and 261.8 nm, respectively. By utilizing the DDRD technique, UV filters could be determined in the above ranges at 237.8, 241.0, and 254.2 nm, respectively. With the MCR technique, the UV filters could be determined in the above ranges at 381.7, 383.2, and 355.6 nm, respectively. The PLS-2 technique successfully quantified the examined UV filters in the ranges of 0.5–9.3, 0.3–7.1, and 0.5–6.9 μg/mL, respectively. All the methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and successfully applied to determine the UV filters in pure form, laboratory-prepared mixtures, and a sunscreen formulation. The obtained results were statistically compared with reference and reported methods of analysis for OXY, OMC, and OCR, and there were no significant differences with respect to accuracy and precision of the adopted techniques.
Development of a Method for Crustacean Allergens Using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Nagai Hiroyuki , Minatani Tomiaki , Goto Kotaro 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
An LC/MS/MS analysis method was developed for crustacean allergens, tropomyosin, and arginine kinase. A protein extract from shrimp was reduced, alkylated, and digested by trypsin. Peptide spectra were obtained using full scan analysis by LC/MS/MS, and we determined a sequence through a protein search. 22ADTLEQQNK30, 92IQLLEEDLER101, 113LAEASQAADESER125, 134SLSDEER140, 153FLAEEADR160, and 190IVELEEELR198 of tropomyosin and 152VSSTLSSLEGELK164 and 217TFLVWVNEEDHLR229 of arginine kinase were selected as the specific peptides, and optimal multiple-reaction monitoring conditions were used. The results obtained through the LC/MS/MS analysis correlated well with those using the ELISA method for various crustacean samples (r2 &gt; 0.9). Moreover, unregulated species, such as krill or insects, which produce positive results in some crustacean ELISA assays, can be differentiated by LC/MS/MS. These findings suggest that LC/MS/MS analysis may be effective for crustacean food allergen analysis.
Visual and Real-Time Event-Specific Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Based Detection Assays for Bt Cotton Events MON531 and MON15985
Authors: Randhawa Gurinder Jit , Chhabra Rashmi , Bhoge Rajesh K , Singh Monika 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Bt cotton events MON531 and MON15985 are authorized for commercial cultivation in more than 18 countries. In India, four Bt cotton events have been commercialized; more than 95% of total area under genetically modified (GM) cotton cultivation comprises events MON531 and MON15985. The present study reports on the development of efficient event-specific visual and real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for detection and identification of cotton events MON531 and MON15985. Efficiency of LAMP assays was compared with conventional and real-time PCR assays. Real-time LAMP assay was found time-efficient and most sensitive, detecting up to two target copies within 35 min. The developed real-time LAMP assays, when combined with efficient DNA extraction kit/protocol, may facilitate onsite GM detection to check authenticity of Bt cotton seeds.
Validation of the Thermo Scientific SureTect Escherichia coli O157:H7 Real-Time PCR Assay for Raw Beef and Produce Matrixes
Authors: Cloke Jonathan , Crowley Erin , Bird Patrick , Bastin Ben , Flannery Jonathan , Agin James , Goins David , Clark Jr Dorn , Radcliff Roy , Wickstrand Nina , Kauppinen Mikko 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Escherichia coli O157:H7 Assay is a new real-time PCR assay which has been validated through the AOAC Research Institute (RI) Performance Tested MethodsSM program for raw beef and produce matrixes. This validation study specifically validated the assay with 375 g 1:4 and 1:5 ratios of raw ground beef and raw beef trim in comparison to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service, Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (USDS-FSIS/MLG) reference method and 25 g bagged spinach and fresh apple juice at a ratio of 1:10, in comparison to the reference method detailed in the International Organization for Standardization 16654:2001 reference method. For raw beef matrixes, the validation of both 1:4 and 1:5 allows user flexibility with the enrichment protocol, although which of these two ratios chosen by the laboratory should be based on specific test requirements. All matrixes were analyzed by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Microbiology Division, Vantaa, Finland, and Q Laboratories Inc, Cincinnati, Ohio, in the method developer study. Two of the matrixes (raw ground beef at both 1:4 and 1:5 ratios) and bagged spinach were additionally analyzed in the AOAC-RI controlled independent laboratory study, which was conducted by Marshfield Food Safety, Marshfield, Wisconsin. Using probability of detection statistical analysis, no significant difference was demonstrated by the SureTect kit in comparison to the USDA FSIS reference method for raw beef matrixes, or with the ISO reference method for matrixes of bagged spinach and apple juice. Inclusivity and exclusivity testing was conducted with 58 E. coli O157:H7 and 54 non-E. coli O157:H7 isolates, respectively, which demonstrated that the SureTect assay was able to detect all isolates of E. coli O157:H7 analyzed. In addition, all but one of the nontarget isolates were correctly interpreted as negative by the SureTect Software. The single isolate giving a positive result was an E. coli O157:NM isolate. Nonmotile isolates of E. coli O157 have been demonstrated to still contain the H7 gene; therefore, this result is not unexpected. Robustness testing was conducted to evaluate the performance of the SureTect assay with specific deviations to the assay protocol, which were outside the recommended parameters and which are open to variation. This study demonstrated that the SureTect assay gave reliable performance. A final study to verify the shelf life of the product, under accelerated conditions was also conducted.
A Complementary Study of Mechanisms and Behaviors in Chromatography via Modeling
Authors: Kouskoura Maria G , Mitani Constantina V , Markopoulou Catherine K 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Evolution in preparation of chromatographic columns has created the need for studying and evaluating them with the use of smart software. This research is an attempt to compare the retention mechanism between two stationary phases (butyl and phenyl) with the use of multivariate analysis for a large number of probes. Partial least squares has the ability to spot either major or minor differences in the chromatographic behavior of probes, with regard to changes in the stationary or mobile phases. The models developed refer to a total of 108 miscellaneous chemical compounds, described by 63 X variables (physicochemical properties and structural features) and one Y variable (retention time). The results showed that in both columns and mobile phases (40% methanol or 40% acetonitrile) the retention of an analyte is mainly affected by its lipophilicity, molar volume, and refractivity, which tend to cause delayed elution. On the contrary, solubility in water, polar surface area, and hydrogen bond donor or acceptor properties promote faster elution. The most important difference proved to be the effect of the presence of the carboxylic group and the solubility that affected the retention in a similar way in both columns but not with both mobile phases.
New Trends in Pesticide Residue Analysis in Cereals, Nutraceuticals, Baby Foods, and Related Processed Consumer Products
Authors: Raina-Fulton Renata 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Pesticide residue methods have been developed for a wide variety of food products including cereal-based foods, nutraceuticals and related plant products, and baby foods. These cereal, fruit, vegetable, and plant-based products provide the basis for many processed consumer products. For cereal and nutraceuticals, which are dry sample products, a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method has been used with additional steps to allow wetting of the dry sample matrix and subsequent cleanup using dispersive or cartridge format SPE to reduce matrix effects. More processed foods may have lower pesticide concentrations but higher co-extracts that can lead to signal suppression or enhancement with MS detection. For complex matrixes, GC/MS/MS or LC/electrospray ionization (positive or negative ion)-MS/MS is more frequently used. The extraction and cleanup methods vary with different sample types particularly for cereal-based products, and these different approaches are discussed in this review. General instrument considerations are also discussed.
Quantifying internally generated and externally forced climate signals at regional scales in CMIP5 models
Authors: Lyu Kewei , Zhang Xuebin , Church John A. , Hu Jianyu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Earth's climate evolves because of both internal variability and external forcings. Using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, here we quantify the ratio of externally forced variance to total variance on interannual and longer time scales for regional surface air temperature (SAT) and sea level, which depends on the relative strength of externally forced signal compared to internal variability. The highest ratios are found in tropical areas for SAT but at high latitudes for sea level over the historical period when ocean dynamics and global mean thermosteric contributions are considered. Averaged globally, the ratios over a fixed time interval (e.g., 30 years) are projected to increase during the 21st century under the business‐as‐usual scenario (RCP8.5). In contrast, under two mitigation scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP4.5), the ratio declines sharply by the end of the 21st century for SAT, but only declines slightly or stabilizes for sea level, indicating a slower response of sea level to climate mitigation.
New ways to measure waves and their effects at NOAA tide gauges: A Hawaiian‐network perspective
Authors: Sweet William V. , Park Joseph , Gill Stephen , Marra John 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe use the standard deviation (sigma) of continuous 1 s water level sampling at 46 U.S. NOAA tide gauges available since 1996 as a high‐frequency variance measure. Sigma estimates local infragravity and incident wave band variability, is significantly correlated (r = 0.5–0.9) to significant wave height (Hs), and scales linearly to local observations and output from the global ocean wave reanalysis at most ocean‐exposed and harbor‐sheltered locations. Empirical orthogonal functions of daily mean sigma from six Hawaii tide gauges distinguish northerly and southerly modes that closely match local Hs observations. Depending on tide gauge location, the 99% of daily maxima sigma can be as large as or larger than the nontidal residual component of the water level sample. Our findings provide new uses of land‐based tide gauge data to estimate significant wave heights and dynamic water levels to better monitor for local conditions leading to impacts.
ACE observations of magnetic waves arising from newborn interstellar pickup helium ions
Authors: Argall Matthew R. , Fisher Meghan K. , Joyce Colin J. , Smith Charles W. , Isenberg Philip A. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Skoug Ruth M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe report low‐frequency magnetic waves that were observed by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft on day of year 180 of 1999 with characteristics consistent with the predictions of waves excited by newborn interstellar pickup He+ ions. This event was found by examining daily spectrograms of MAG data, a new data product that is now available to the community via the ACE Science Center. The event shown here is one of approximately 20 similar events that will be analyzed in future studies. This event is fairly typical of those we have found so far. The waves exist at spacecraft‐frame frequencies between the He+ cyclotron frequency and approximately twice the H+ cyclotron frequency. Fluctuations are transverse to the mean magnetic field, are noncompressive, circularly polarized, have field‐aligned minimum variance directions, and are left‐hand polarized in the spacecraft frame as predicted by theory. The event lasts for just under 1 h.
Improved range and lag coverage for radar measurements of overspread targets by unmatched filtering of alternating codes
Authors: Grydeland T. , Gustavsson B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe propose that by using unmatched decoding for alternating codes, estimates of the autocorrelation function of the backscatter can be estimated at ranges between those resolved by matched filtering. The number of additional correlation estimates obtained in this way is twice that obtained using matched filtering, although each estimate contributes with only a quarter of the power in comparison. This leads to improvements in code performance by a factor of 1.5, and an increase in the speed of incoherent scatter radar experiments by the same factor.
Heterogeneous Dipeptide‐Catalyzed α‐Amination of Aldehydes in a Continuous‐Flow Reactor: Effect of Residence Time on Enantioselectivity
Authors: Ötvös Sándor B. , Szloszár Aliz , Mándity István M. , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA solid‐supported dipeptide‐catalyzed continuous‐flow process was developed for the direct enantioselective α‐amination of aldehydes with dibenzyl azodicarboxylate as the electrophilic nitrogen source. With residence time control as an efficient tool for the fine‐tuning of the enantioselectivity, synthetically useful α‐hydrazino alcohols were achieved with excellent ees. The packed‐bed system proved to be highly robust: no decrease in catalyst activity or selectivity was detected throughout 20 h of continuous‐flow operation.magnified image
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Properties of Novel Bioactive Poly(xanthoneamide‐triazole‐ethersulfone) and Its Multifunctional Nanocomposite with Polyaniline
Authors: Hasantabar Vahid , Lakouraj Moslem Mansour , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh , Mohseni Mojtaba 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMultifunctional nanocomposites represent a new class of multiphase materials containing dispersion of nanosized filler materials such as nanoparticles within the polymer matrices. In this study, a polyaniline@polyxanthonetriazole@Fe3O4 (PANI@PXT@Fe3O4) trilayered nanocomposite was synthesized successfully through emulsion polymerization of PANI in the presence of a dilayered magnetic polyxanthone triazole (PXT@Fe3O4) composite. Nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry were used for characterization of synthesized materials. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of PANI, PXT, PXT@Fe3O4, and PANI@PXT@Fe3O4 trilayered nanocomposite were investigated by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl free radical (DPPH•) and inhibition zone assays, respectively. Summing up, the results showed a synergic effect on thermal stability, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of the PANI@PXT@Fe3O4 trilayered nanocomposite. Consequently, the developed PANI@PXT@Fe3O4 trilayered nanocomposite is a suitable candidate for biological applications.
A Benign and Simple Strategy for Surface Modification of Al2O3 Nanoparticles with Citric Acid and L(+)‐Ascorbic Acid and Its Application for the Preparation of Novel Poly(vinyl chloride) Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Sadeghzadeh Rozita 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn this research, the preparation of nanocomposites (NCs) containing nonaggregated nanoparticles (NPs) was studied. Alumina NPs were functionalized by two coupling agents, citric acid and ascorbic acid. NCs of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) doped with varying amounts of modified Al2O3 NPs were synthesized via the ultrasonication method. The X‐ray diffraction confirmed that the structure of the modified Al2O3 NPs was still preserved in a pure crystalline phase with the hexagonal structure. Surface morphology showed a picturesque network structure due to the existence of hydrogen bonds in the modified Al2O3. It also proved good dispersion of NPs in the polymer matrix in nanoscale.
Predictive validity of the body adiposity index in costa rican students
Authors: Carpio‐Rivera Elizabeth , Hernández‐Elizondo Jessenia , Salicetti‐Fonseca Alejandro , Solera‐Herrera Andrea , Moncada‐Jiménez José 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo verify the validity of the body adiposity index (BAI) in a sample of Costa Rican students.MethodsVolunteers were 93 females (mean age = 18.6 ± 2.4 years) and 106 males (mean age = 19.2 ± 2.8 years). Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used as the “gold standard” to determine body fat percentage (BF%). Pearson's correlation coefficient and paired samples t‐test studied the association and mean differences between BAI and DXA BF%. Concordance between BAI and DXA BF% was determined by the Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and the Bland‐Altman agreement analysis.ResultsSignificant correlations between BAI and DXA BF% were found for females (r = 0.74) and males (r = 0.53) (P < 0.001). Differences between methods were found for females (BAI = 29.3 ± 4.1% vs. DXA = 36.5 ± 7.9%) and males (BAI = 24.8 ± 3.7% vs. DXA = 21.9 ± 8.6%; P < 0.001). Concordance was poor in females and males. Bland‐Altman plots showed BAI underestimating and overestimating BF% in relation to the “gold standard” in females and males, respectively.ConclusionsBAI presented low agreement with BF% measured by DXA; therefore, BAI is not recommended for BF% prediction in this Central American sample studied. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:394–397, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mutations in the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway regulators NPRL2 and NPRL3 cause focal epilepsy
Authors: Ricos Michael G. , Hodgson Bree L. , Pippucci Tommaso , Saidin Akzam , Ong Yeh Sze , Heron Sarah E. , Licchetta Laura , Bisulli Francesca , Bayly Marta A. , Hughes James , Baldassari Sara , Palombo Flavia ,   Epilepsy Electroclinical Study Group, Santucci Margherita , Meletti Stefano , Berkovic Samuel F. , Rubboli Guido , Thomas Paul Q. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Tinuper Paolo , Geoghegan Joel , Schreiber Andreas W. , Dibbens Leanne M. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveFocal epilepsies are the most common form observed and have not generally been considered to be genetic in origin. Recently, we identified mutations in DEPDC5 as a cause of familial focal epilepsy. In this study, we investigated whether mutations in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulators, NPRL2 and NPRL3, also contribute to cases of focal epilepsy.MethodsWe used targeted capture and next‐generation sequencing to analyze 404 unrelated probands with focal epilepsy. We performed exome sequencing on two families with multiple members affected with focal epilepsy and linkage analysis on one of these.ResultsIn our cohort of 404 unrelated focal epilepsy patients, we identified five mutations in NPRL2 and five in NPRL3. Exome sequencing analysis of two families with focal epilepsy identified NPRL2 and NPRL3 as the top candidate‐causative genes. Some patients had focal epilepsy associated with brain malformations. We also identified 18 new mutations in DEPDC5.InterpretationWe have identified NPRL2 and NPRL3 as two new focal epilepsy genes that also play a role in the mTOR‐signaling pathway. Our findings show that mutations in GATOR1 complex genes are the most significant cause of familial focal epilepsy identified to date, including cases with brain malformations. It is possible that deregulation of cellular growth control plays a more important role in epilepsy than is currently recognized. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:120–131
Measurement of Local Sodium Ion Levels near Micelle Surfaces with Fluorescent Photoinduced‐Electron‐Transfer Sensors
Authors: Uchiyama Seiichi , Fukatsu Eiko , McClean Gareth D. , de Silva A. Prasanna 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Na+ concentration near membranes controls our nerve signals aside from several other crucial bioprocesses. Fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) sensor molecules target Na+ ions in nanospaces near micellar membranes with excellent selectivity against H+. The Na+ concentration near anionic micelles was found to be higher than that in bulk water by factors of up to 160. Sensor molecules that are not held tightly to the micelle surface only detected a Na+ amplification factor of 8. These results were strengthened by the employment of control compounds whose PET processes are permanently “on” or “off”.
Antimicrobial PLA/TPS/gelatin sheets with enzymatically crosslinked surface containing silver nanoparticles
Authors: De Oliveira Pizzoli Ana Paula , Marchiore Nicolli Grecco , De Souza Silvio José , de Freitas Santos Priscila Dayane , Gonçalves Odinei Hess , Yamashita Fabio , Bracht Livia , Shirai Marianne Ayumi , Leimann Fernanda Vitória 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn the present work, poly (lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch/gelatin sheets were produced by calendering–extrusion process and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, synthesized by chemical reduction with d‐glucose), were incorporated at sheet surfaces to promote antimicrobial activity. A gelatin solution containing AgNPs was enzymatically crosslinked as a layer at sheets surface using transglutaminase. AgNPs presented 63 nm (z average size) and spherical shape (scanning electron microscopy, SEM) while morphology analysis showed that sheets presented internal porosity. Mechanical properties (Young modulus, elongation at break, and tensile strength) and water vapor permeability presented significant difference in function of gelatin amount added to sheets formulation due to increased internal porosity. Antimicrobial activity was demonstrated against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the AGNPs solution as well as for the surface treated films. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43039.
A Feasible Approach For The Force Control Of Traction Wheels Driven By Electric Motors
Authors: Young Jieh‐Shian , Chen Kuan‐Jung 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study proposes a novel approach to evaluating and controlling the traction force of a wheel directly driven by an electric motor on different road surfaces. Instead of slip ratio measurements, the database of the motor called the current‐RPM‐torque database can evaluate the traction force of the wheel. The feedback of the measured current and the rotational speed can assist the autonomous traction controller synthesized from this database by the neural network approach when one traction wheel of the vehicle is traveling on different kinds of road surfaces. The adequate gains which are the training data for the neural network control synthesis have to satisfy the assigned specifications in time domain for different slip ratios. This paper also finds that the adequate gains mainly depend on slip ratio slope rather than slip ratio. Based on a scenario similar to real situations, the simulated results in this study show that it is feasible to evaluate and control the traction force through the motor database by the feedback of the current and the RPM.