bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insurer Views on Reimbursement of Preventive Services in the Dental Setting: Results From a Qualitative Study
Authors: Feinstein-Winitzer Rebecca T. , Pollack Harold A. , Parish Carrigan L. , Pereyra Margaret R. , Abel Stephen N. , Metsch Lisa R. 
Published: March 2014

Objectives. We explored insurers’ perceptions regarding barriers to reimbursement for oral rapid HIV testing and other preventive screenings during dental care. Methods. We conducted semistructured interviews between April and October 2010 with a targeted sample of 13 dental insurance company executives and consultants, whose firms’ cumulative market share exceeded 50% of US employer-based dental insurance markets. Participants represented viewpoints from a significant share of the dental insurance industry. Results. Some preventive screenings, such as for oral cancer, received widespread insurer support and reimbursement. Others, such as population-based HIV screening, appeared to face many barriers to insurance reimbursement. The principal barriers were minimal employer demand, limited evidence of effectiveness and return on investment specific to dental settings, implementation and organizational constraints, lack of provider training, and perceived lack of patient acceptance. Conclusions. The dental setting is a promising venue for preventive screenings, and addressing barriers to insurance reimbursement for such services is a key challenge for public health policy.
A Social Network–Informed Latent Class Analysis of Patterns of Substance Use, Sexual Behavior, and Mental Health: Social Network Study III, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Hopfer Suellen , Tan Xianming , Wylie John L. 
Published: March 2014

Objectives. We assessed whether a meaningful set of latent risk profiles could be identified in an inner-city population through individual and network characteristics of substance use, sexual behaviors, and mental health status. Methods. Data came from 600 participants in Social Network Study III, conducted in 2009 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify risk profiles and, with covariates, to identify predictors of class. Results. A 4-class model of risk profiles fit the data best: (1) solitary users reported polydrug use at the individual level, but low probabilities of substance use or concurrent sexual partners with network members; (2) social–all-substance users reported polydrug use at the individual and network levels; (3) social–noninjection drug users reported less likelihood of injection drug and solvent use; (4) low-risk users reported low probabilities across substances. Unstable housing, preadolescent substance use, age, and hepatitis C status predicted risk profiles. Conclusions. Incorporation of social network variables into LCA can distinguish important subgroups with varying patterns of risk behaviors that can lead to sexually transmitted and bloodborne infections.
The Use of Business Risk Audit Perspectives by Non-Big 4 Audit Firms
Authors: van Buuren Joost , Koch Christopher , van Nieuw Amerongen Niels , Wright Arnold M. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARY:
This study investigates the role of business risk perspectives in the audit of smaller and medium-sized entities (SMEs) by small and medium-sized audit practices (SMPs). The research is important, since we have little knowledge of how SMPs utilize business risk factors, and there is a current debate about the need for proportionally applying auditing standards, including standards on business risks, in the audit of SMEs. We conduct 38 interviews with Dutch and German auditors of both small and medium-sized audit practices to capture a variety of different audit environments. We develop a model that considers a continuum of audit approaches ranging from a substantive-based audit approach to a full-scope business risk audit, and observe a limited and heterogeneous application of business risk perspectives by SMP auditors. We find that client complexity, enforcement by audit supervisory authorities, relative emphasis on book-tax alignment in different countries, and investments in audit technology are important factors explaining the use of business risk perspectives. The findings imply a need to provide auditors with sufficient flexibility to proportionally adjust their audit approaches in the application of international audit standards under varying client and audit firm conditions.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of 467 Patients With a Clinically Recognized Eating Disorder Identified Among 52,215 Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Multicenter German/Austrian Study
Authors: Scheuing Nicole , Bartus Béla , Berger Gabriele , Haberland Holger , Icks Andrea , Knauth Burkhild , Nellen-Hellmuth Nicole , Rosenbauer Joachim , Teufel Martin , Holl Reinhard W. ,   on behalf of the DPV Initiative,   the German BMBF Competence Network Diabetes Mellitus
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical characteristics and outcome of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) between patients with and without a clinically recognized eating disorder (ED).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 52,215 T1DM patients aged 8 to &lt;30 years from the prospective diabetes data acquisition system DPV were analyzed. A total of 467 patients had an additional diagnosis of ED according to DSM-IV criteria (anorexia nervosa [AN], n = 141 [female: 94.3%]; bulimia nervosa [BN], n = 62 [90.3%]; and EDs not otherwise specified, including binge-eating disorder [EDNOS], n = 264 [74.2%]). Groups were compared using multivariable regression. Cox proportional hazard ratios were calculated for the association between ED and retinopathy.RESULTSAfter adjustment for age, sex, and duration of diabetes, patients with ED revealed higher HbA1c (no ED vs. AN, BN, or EDNOS, respectively: 8.29 ± 0.01% [67.1 ± 0.1 mmol/mol] vs. 8.61 ± 0.15% [70.6 ± 1.6 mmol/mol], 9.11 ± 0.23% [76.1 ± 2.5 mmol/mol], or 9.00 ± 0.11% [74.9 ± 1.2 mmol/mol]) and a higher rate of pathological insulin injection sites (48.4 vs. 64.3, 64.1, or 62.1%). Furthermore, ketoacidosis (5.7 ± 0.1 vs. 12.1 ± 2.1, 18.0 ± 4.1, or 12.9 ± 1.6 events per 100 person-years) and hospitalization (54.9 ± 0.3 vs. 89.3 ± 6.0, 132.0 ± 12.7, or 91.0 ± 4.4 per 100 person-years) were more common, and duration of hospital stay was longer (4.81 ± 0.01 vs. 11.31 ± 0.21, 18.05 ± 0.48, or 8.44 ± 0.13 days per year). All P values were &lt;0.05. Patients with BN and EDNOS had a 2.5-fold (95% CI 1.3–4.8) and a 1.4-fold (0.8–2.3) higher risk for retinopathy, whereas AN patients had no increased risk (0.9 [95% CI 0.4–2.3]).CONCLUSIONSDiabetes health care professionals should be aware of comorbid EDs in pediatric/young-adult T1DM patients. An ED diagnosis is associated with worse metabolic control and higher rates of diabetes complications.
Bilateral Thalamic Glioma –A Rare Tumour
Authors: Rauniyar Vivek , Qin Bing , Yang Huan 
Published: March 2014

We report a case of 48-year old woman who presented with dementia, progressive mental decline, personality change, paresis of the right lower extremity, and gait ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1-weighted image revealed bilateral thalamic swelling with homogenous low signal intensity and mild contrast enhancement with gadolinium. The T2- weighted image showed high intensity lesions in the bilateral thalamus, septum pellucidum and fornix. A CT-guided stereotactic biopsy of the lesion revealed fibrillary astrocytoma grade III as per WHO classification. Bilateral thalamic gliomas are very rare tumours and when present may resemble other benign diseases having similar clinical presentations DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.10059 Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.3(1) 2014; 71-73
Calvin's Interpretation of Christ's Agony at Gethsemane: An Erasmian Reading?
Authors: Essary Kirk 
Published: March 2014

Abstract: This paper considers the prospects of Erasmus's De taedio Iesu—an embellished recreation of a debate between Erasmus himself and John Colet at Oxford in 1499 over the question whether Christ truly feared for his own death in the Garden of Gethsemane—as an influence on John Calvin's interpretation of Matthew 26:37–39 and parallels in his Commentary on the Gospel Harmony (1555). It examines three aspects that Calvin's commentary shares with Erasmus's De taedio: (1) the use of a passage from Ambrose's Expositio in Lucam, (2) the problem of monothelitism and the two wills of Christ, and (3) the difference between Christ's passions and ours in light of original sin.
Comparative evaluation of prophylactic use of pregabalin, gabapentin and diclofenac sodium for prevention of succinylcholine-induced myalgia
Authors: Pandey CK , Karna ST , Tandon M , Pandey VK , Singh A 
Published: March 2014

Context:
Succinylcholine a depolarizing muscle relaxant with rapid onset, predictable course and short duration of action is associated with myalgia. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin, gabapentin and diclofenac on the incidence and severity of succinylcholine-induced myalgia.

Settings and Design:
Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 120 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned into three groups: Pregabalin group received 150 mg of pregabalin, gabapentin group received 600 mg of gabapentin and diclofenac group received 100 mg of diclofenac sodium orally 2 h prior to surgery. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3 μg/kg, propofol 2-2.5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg and was maintained with oxygen with sevoflurane in the air and intermittent vecuronium bromide. A blinded observer recorded post-operative pain scores on visual analog scale at different time intervals and myalgia at 24 h. Post-operative pain relief was provided with fentanyl based patient-controlled analgesia. Fentanyl consumption in 24 h was recorded as a primary outcome.

Statistical Analysis:
Patients’ characteristics and total fentanyl consumption were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc test. Pain score was compared amongst the groups using Kruskal Wallis test.

Results:
The myalgia occurred in 15, 14 and 13 patients in pregabalin, gabapentin and diclofenac sodium group respectively (P > 0.85). Patients in diclofenac group had significantly higher fentanyl consumption (674.85 ± 115.58 μg) compared with pregabalin group (601.87 ± 129.57 μg) (95% confidence interval [CI] = 34.8-120.7) and gabapentin group (612.29 ± 105.12 μg) (95% CI = 14.9-170.5). However, there was no significant difference in fentanyl consumption between pregabalin and gabapentin groups (95% CI = −34.8-120.7). There was a significant difference in visual analog score at time points 12, 18 and 24 h among the study groups.

Conclusion:
Pre-treatment with pregabalin, gabapentin and diclofenac had equal efficacy in reducing the incidence and severity of succinylcholine-induced myalgia. However, pre-treatment with pregabalin and gabapentin decreased post-operative pain scores and fentanyl consumption.
Evaluation of normal abdominal aortic diameters in the Indian population using computed tomography
Authors: Jasper A , Harshe G , Keshava SN , Kulkarni G , Stephen E , Agarwal S 
Published: March 2014

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to establish normal diameters for the suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aorta measured at T12 and L3 vertebral levels in the Indian population and to study the variation in aortic diameters with age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA).

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and forty-two patients who underwent helical contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen for non-cardiovascular reasons were recruited.. The mean internal diameters of the suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aorta (maximum anteroposterior and transverse diameter) were measured at T12 and L3 vertebral levels and tabulated according to various age groups for both men and women. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between aortic diameters, height, weight, BSA, and BMI.

Results:
The mean diameters of the suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aorta measured at T12 and L3 vertebral levels, in men were 19.0 ± 2.3 and 13.8 ± 1.9 mm and in women 17.1 ± 2.3 and 12.0 ± 1.6 mm, respectively. The aortic diameter progressively increased in caliber with increasing age of the patients and was smaller in women than men. A significant positive correlation was found in men between the suprarenal and infrarenal aortic diameters and weight, BSA, and BMI. In women, this correlation was significant in the infrarenal aorta but not in the suprarenal aorta.

Conclusion:
We obtained a set of normal values for the abdominal aorta in the Indian population. The aortic diameters correlated with age, gender, and body size of the patients as seen with previously published data in the Western population. A brief comparison of data between Indian and Western population showed that the values obtained were less than published elsewhere and hence, this should be considered while formulating intervention protocols.
Electrocardiographic Findings in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: ECG Evolution and Its Difference from the ECG of Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Namgung June 
Published: March 2014

Background Electrocardiogram (ECG) manifestations of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) produce ST-segment elevation or T-wave inversion, mimicking acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We describe the ECG manifestation of TC, including ECG evolution, and its different points from ACS. Methods We studied 37 consecutive patients (age 67 ± 15 years, range 23-89, M:F = 12:25) from March 2004 to November 2012 with a diagnosis of TC who were proven to have apical ballooning on echocardiography or left ventricular angiography and normal coronary artery. We analyzed their standard 12-lead ECGs, including rate, PR interval, QRS duration, corrected QT (QTc) interval, ECG evolutions, and arrhythmia events. Results Two common ECG findings in TC were ST-segment elevation (n = 13, 35%) and T inversion (n = 24, 65%), mostly in the precordial leads. After ST-segment resolution, in a few days (3.5 days), diffuse and often deep T-wave inversion developed. Eight patients (22%) had transient Q-waves lasting a few days in precordial leads. No reciprocal ST-segment depression was noted. T-wave inversion continued for several months. QT prolongation (>440 milliseconds) was observed in 37 patients (97%). There were no significant life-threatening arrhythmias except atrial fibrillation (n = 6, 16%). Conclusion There are distinct differences between the ECGs of TC and ACS. These differences will help to differentiate TC from ACS.
Currículo interdisciplinar: contradições, limites e possibilidades
Authors: Thiesen Juares da Silva 
Published: March 2014

O presente artigo, organizado no âmbito das pesquisas sobre currículo que vem sendo realizadas, analisam-se as contradições, os limites e as possibilidades que marcam a complexa relação entre currículo e interdisciplinaridade. Com base em referenciais da chamada filosofia da práxis e das abordagens críticas do campo do currículo, apontam-se algumas das contradições marcadamente presentes em projetos que afirmam interdisciplinarizar o currículo pelas vias da orientação didática e metodológica ou por intermédio da prescrição de propostas curriculares no âmbito da oficialidade. Como pressuposto conceitual, assume-se a interdisciplinaridade em duplo sentido: como princípio (imanência) que manifesta o movimento do real, portanto, da gênese da produção histórica do mundo e do conhecimento, e como método (exterioridade) que orienta certa organização do mundo e dos saberes por intermédio das linguagens. Sob esse pressuposto, defende-se que a “interdisciplinaridade curricular” somente se efetiva no âmbito da prática dos sujeitos como atos de aprendizagem e de apropriação mediada do mundo e que, no plano da organização curricular, o que se constrói são formas integradoras de tratamento do conhecimento e da cultura, seja pela integração de conteúdos, pela busca de alternativas didáticas ou pelo estabelecimento de interfaces entre disciplinas curriculares. Defende-se, portanto, que nas configurações curriculares formais – expressões organizativas da formação escolar, ainda que se caminhe no sentido da interdisciplinarização das formas de apropriação dos saberes e da cultura, cinde-se, em alguma medida, a produção da vida, do conhecimento e de sua socialização.
Influences of Artificial Heart-Lung Machine Operation on the Binding Sites of Albumin: Possibility of an Effective Administration Plan
Authors: Totoribe Kazuhiro , Takamura Norito , Ogata Kenji , Tokunaga Jin , Kawai Keiichi , Nakamura Kunihide , Ieiri Ichiro , Higuchi Shun 
Published: March 2014

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of changes in the human serum albumin (HSA) and free fatty acid (FFA) on alteration of the binding abilities of sites I and II after the operation of an artificial heart-lung machine. Methods The binding abilities of phenytoin (site I) and diazepam (site II) to patients’ sera collected before and after the operation of an artificial heart-lung machine and pseudopatient serum samples were examined by ultra-filtration. Results The binding ability of site I markedly decreased after the operation of an artificial heart-lung machine in all patients, and the binding ability of site II unexpectedly increased in some patients. The variation in pseudopatient serum was similar to that in the patient sera. Conclusions The difference in the binding ability between sites I and II was due to that the fact that the binding ability of site I is more strongly influenced by HSA level reduction than by [FFA]/[HSA] reduction, whereas the binding ability of site II is more strongly influenced by [FFA]/[HSA] reduction than by HSA level reduction in some patients. Therefore, it may be possible to predict the binding ability of site I by monitoring the HSA level without directly monitoring the free phenytoin fraction (%).
Virtual Heritage: Researching and Visualizing the Past in 3D
Authors: Sanders Donald H. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe approaches and technologies of virtual heritage provide archaeologists, researchers, and students with the ability to “see” and understand the past interactively and in 3D, just as the past happened. The results of various projects underscore the new insights into the past that inevitably result from virtual reality re-creations of ancient sites, buildings, and artifacts. Interactive 3D virtual worlds offer many advantages over traditional 2D-based media. By collecting, integrating, and visualizing field data digitally, in 3D, and in a single software toolkit, excavations can participate in the coming paradigm shift in archaeology. This change in how the discipline works is exemplified by REVEAL, a new software system that is already having an impact on dozens of excavations around the world.
Niche conservatism of Eulophia alta, a trans-Atlantic orchid species
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Szlachetko Dariusz L. 
Published: March 2014

The genus <em>Eulophia</em> embraces over 230 species distributed through the tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas. In Neotropics it is represented by a sole species – <em>E. alta</em>. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the difference between ecological niches occupied by American and African populations of this species based on the ecological niche modeling. The similarity between the glacial and present niches occupied by <em>E. alta</em> was calculated and the factors limiting the species occurrence were identified. Areas of seasonal tropical forest, tropical savanna and woodland served as refugia for the studied species during last glacial maximum and they were more widespread in Neotropics than in Africa. No significant niche shift after last glacial maximum was observed. The distribution of <em>E. alta</em> in its whole range is restricted mainly by temperature seasonality. The differences in the niches occupied by African and Neotropical populations of <em>E. alta</em> suggest preglacial disjunction of the species range and independent adaptation of both groups. Despite the significant range disjunction of <em>E. alta</em> the species is characterized by relatively high degree of niche conservatism.
Impact of supervised drug consumption services on access to and engagement with care at a palliative and supportive care facility for people living with HIV/AIDS: a qualitative study
Authors: McNeil Ryan , Dilley Laura B , Guirguis‐Younger Manal , Hwang Stephen W , Small Will 
Published: March 2014

IntroductionImprovements in the availability and effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have prolonged the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS. However, mortality rates have remained high among populations that encounter barriers to accessing and adhering to HAART, notably people who use drugs. This population consequently has a high burden of illness and complex palliative and supportive care needs, but is often unable to access these services due to anti‐drug policies and discrimination. In Vancouver, Canada, the Dr. Peter Centre (DPC), which operates a 24‐bed residential HIV/AIDS care facility, has sought to improve access to palliative and supportive care services by adopting a comprehensive harm reduction strategy, including supervised injection services. We undertook this study to explore how the integration of comprehensive harm reduction services into this setting shapes access to and engagement with care.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with 13 DPC residents between November 2010 and August 2011. Interviews made use of a semistructured interview guide which facilitated discussion regarding how the DPC Residence's model of care (a) shaped healthcare access, (b) influenced healthcare interactions and (c) impacted drug use practices and overall health. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically.ResultsParticipant accounts highlight how the harm reduction policy altered the structural‐environmental context of healthcare services and thus mediated access to palliative and supportive care services. Furthermore, this approach fostered an atmosphere in which drug use could be discussed without the risk of punitive action, and thus increased openness between residents and staff. Finally, participants reported that the environmental supports provided by the DPC Residence decreased drug‐related risks and improved health outcomes, including HAART adherence and survival.ConclusionsThis study highlights how adopting comprehensive harm reduction services can serve to improve access and equity in palliative and supportive care for drug‐using populations.
Triple Helix and Innovation in the Life-Science Industry
Authors: Giustiniano Luca , D’Alise Chiara 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe paper analyses the impact of the “Triple Helix” on innovation by assuming a network theory approach. The aim is to build a theoretical framework to improve the understanding of the effect of clusters involving industrial, academic and institutional players on the cluster’s innovation. In particular the work is focused on intra-cluster and inter-cluster structural and nodal characteristics in the life-science industry.