bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating EQ-5D Weights from other Trial Outcome Measures for Use in Cost-Effectiveness Studies: An Example in Patients with Frozen Shoulder
Authors: Neilson Aileen R. , Craig Dawn , Richardson Gerry , Chuang Ling-Hsiang , McDaid Catriona 
Published: January 2013

Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) weights, such as EQ-5D, needed for conducting economic evaluations in frozen shoulder populations are currently lacking. The present study examines the feasibility of using mapping methodology to estimate HRQoL, obtain quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and undertake a cost-effectiveness analysis to help inform decision-making. Methods Patient-level data from a randomized trial in a similar population were used to undertake a mapping exercise evaluating a variety of regression modelling techniques. The Short-Form-36 component summary scores and pain visual analogue scale scores were mapped to EQ-5D. The best fit model was selected and the predicted weights were used for estimating QALYs and cost-effectiveness results. Results The selected model explained 41% ( R2) of the variation in EQ-5D weights and the estimates for interventions ranged from 0.5025 to 0.6619 at baseline and from 0.6903 to 0.7600 at 3 months. The QALYs (gained) ranged from 0.1518 to 0.1715 and the estimates of cost-effectiveness were up to £400 per QALY for steroid injection compared to physical therapy with steroid injection. Discussion Few studies in frozen shoulder populations include HRQoL weights. We have shown that mapping can potentially take advantage of datasets in similar populations and estimate HRQoL outcomes and subsequently cost-effectiveness. The results may be uncertain but can be helpful in informing the discussion around cost-effectiveness and future areas of research.
Graduate Migration and Regional Familiarity
Authors: Venhorst Viktor A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper provides insights into the spatial mobility patterns of young graduates in the Netherlands. Both home‐to‐HEI (higher education institution) as well as HEI‐to‐work mobility results in net flows towards the central economic region of the Netherlands. However, many graduates move within the larger central and peripheral regions and these flows are focused on cities. There is a strong regional component to graduate mobility as origins and destinations tend to be relatively close to the chosen HEI. Flows seem to be influenced by regional familiarity, with relatively many graduates moving back to familiar home regions. Often, a city's young graduate labour force and graduate residents have studied at a local HEI. Cities close to the economic core areas benefit from outflows of graduates from the largest employment centres.
Brain imaging in normal kids: a community‐based MRI study in Malawian children
Authors: Potchen M. J. , Kampondeni S. D. , Mallewa M. , Taylor T. E. , Birbeck G. L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo collect normative MRI data for effective clinical and research applications. Such data may also offer insights into common neurological insults.MethodsWe identified a representative, community‐based sample of children aged 9–14 years. Children were screened for neurodevelopmental problems. Demographic data, medical history and environmental exposures were ascertained. Eligible children underwent the Neurologic Examination for Subtle Signs (NESS) and a brain MRI. Descriptive findings and analyses to identify risk factors for MRI abnormalities are detailed.ResultsOne hundred and two of 170 households screened had age‐appropriate children. Two of 102 children had neurological problems – one each with cerebral palsy and epilepsy. Ninety‐six of 100 eligible children were enrolled. Mean age was 11.9 years (SD 1.5), and 43 (45%) were boys. No acute MRI abnormalities were seen. NESS abnormalities were identified in 6 of 96 children (6%). Radiographic evidence of sinusitis in 29 children (30%) was the most common MRI finding. Brain abnormalities were found in 16 (23%): mild diffuse atrophy in 4 (4%), periventricular white matter changes/gliosis in 6 (6%), multifocal punctuate subcortical white matter changes in 2 (2%), vermian atrophy in 1 (1%), empty sella in 3 (3%) and multifocal granulomas with surrounding gliosis in 1 (1%). Having an abnormal MRI was not associated with age, sex, antenatal problems, early malnutrition, febrile seizures, an abnormal neurological examination or housing quality (all P values >0.05). No predictors of radiographic sinusitis were identified.ConclusionIncidental brain MRI abnormalities are common in normal Malawian children. The incidental atrophy and white matter abnormalities seen in this African population have not been reported among incidental findings from US populations, suggesting Malawi‐specific exposures may be the cause.
Cancer cachexia: global awareness and guideline implementation on the web
Authors: Mauri Davide , Tsiara Anna , Valachis Antonis , Kalopita Konstantina , Tsali Lampriani , Tolis Panagiotis , Polyzos Nikolaos P 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundCancer cachexia is a common associate of cancer and has a negative impact on patients’ survival. Nonetheless, cancer cachexia assessment and management are frequently less than satisfactory in daily practice.AimTo scrutinise global cancer cachexia awareness and relative web guideline implementation among oncology societies.MethodsSystematical identification of scientific and policymaker oncology societies and their guideline implementation on cancer cachexia. Assessment of the general level of awareness on cancer cachexia and evaluation of intercontinental and national variations on guideline implementation.Results144 000 web pages were scrutinised, and 275 oncology societies identified covering a large array of oncology setting (educational/clinical/research/policymaker); 71 were international (African, American, Asian, European, Oceania and Intercontinental), 110 belonged to the top 10 countries with the highest development index and 94 pertained to 10 countries with a long lasting tradition in medical oncology (not included in the top 10 high developed countries). Overall, only 10/275 web sites provided guidelines; six of them (2.2%) provided guidelines for physicians and four (0.7%) for patients. Half of the guidelines (4/10) were outdated. All guidelines for physicians reported references, while only one of the recommendations for patients reported references to support its sentences.ConclusionsCancer cachexia global awareness appears extremely low; guideline implementation on the web was inconsistent for any category analysed (nation vs continent vs international vs society type vs physician vs patient oriented) and for updating.
Aspirin and Other Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Teras Lauren R. , Gapstur Susan M. , Patel Alpa V. , Thun Michael J. , Diver W. Ryan , Zhai Yusheng , Jacobs Eric J. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Few large prospective studies have examined associations between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We examined the association between NSAID use and NHL incidence among 149,570 participants in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition cohort. Aspirin and nonaspirin NSAID use were reported at enrollment in 1992 and updated on periodic follow-up questionnaires. During follow-up through 2007, 1,709 incident NHLs were identified. Time-dependent hazard ratios were calculated using extended Cox regression. Compared to no use, current use of 60+ NSAID pills/month (aspirin and nonaspirin NSAIDs combined) was associated with slightly higher NHL incidence (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.53), but no association with frequency of use was observed when NSAID exposure was lagged by approximately 2 years (HR = 1.08, 95% CI, 0.88–1.32). Long duration regular use (current use of 30+ pills/month for ≥5 years) was not associated with NHL incidence (HR = 1.09, 95% CI, 0.91–1.33). In subtype analyses, current use of 60+ NSAID pills/month was associated with follicular lymphoma incidence (HR = 1.87, 95% CI, 1.08–3.24). This association persisted when NSAID exposure was lagged (HR = 1.76, 95% CI, 1.04–2.98) and was similar for aspirin and nonaspirin NSAIDs. The association of current, but not lagged, NSAID use with risk of all NHL could be attributable to use of NSAIDs to relieve symptoms of undiagnosed NHL. However, the association with follicular lymphoma persisted in analyses where NSAID use was lagged and should be investigated further. These findings are particularly important for aspirin as the risks and benefits of prophylactic daily use are weighed. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(3); 422–8. ©2013 AACR.
New Strategies in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Application of Molecular Diagnostics to Clinical Practice
Authors: Tothova Zuzana , Steensma David P. , Ebert Benjamin L. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
An increasingly complete compendium of recurrently mutated genes in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has been defined, and the application of massively parallel sequencing to identify mutations in clinical practice now promises to improve the care of patients with this disease. More than 25 recurrent MDS-associated somatic mutations have been identified, involving biologic pathways as diverse as chromatin remodeling and pre-mRNA splicing. Several of these mutations have been shown to have prognostic implications that are independent of existing risk stratification systems based on clinical and pathologic parameters. Application of these recent discoveries to diagnosis, prognosis, risk stratification, and treatment selection for patients with MDS has the potential to improve patient outcomes. Here, we review recent advances in MDS and discuss potential applications of these discoveries to clinical practice. Clin Cancer Res; 19(7); 1637–43. ©2013 AACR.
Is the European Pediatric Medicine Regulation Working for Children and Adolescents with Cancer?
Authors: Vassal Gilles , Geoerger Birgit , Morland Bruce 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The European Pediatric Medicine Regulation was launched in 2007 to provide better medicines for children. Five years later, the number of new anticancer drugs in early development in the pediatric population remains low, and most children with cancer are still largely denied access to innovative drugs in Europe, as compared with the United States. We analyzed individual pediatric investigation plan (PIP) and waiver decisions for oncology drugs and all oncology drugs that have been approved for marketing authorization since 2007 in Europe. Among the 45 approved PIPs, 33% concern leukemias and lymphomas, 29% solid tumors, 13% brain tumors, and 20% a drug for supportive care. No specific PIP exists for life-threatening diseases such as high-risk neuroblastoma, whereas there are several PIPs in extremely rare malignancies in children and adolescents such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor, melanoma, thyroid cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia. This paradoxical situation is due to approval of a PIP being driven by the adult indication. Twenty-six of 28 authorized new oncology drugs have a potentially relevant mechanism of action for pediatric malignancies, but 50% have been waived because the adult condition does not occur in children. The most striking example is crizotinib. Implementation of the pediatric regulation should no longer be driven by the adult indication but should be guided instead by the biology of pediatric tumors and the mechanism of action of a drug. This change will be achievable through voluntary PIPs submitted by Pharma or revocation of the oncology class waiver list. Clin Cancer Res; 19(6); 1315–25. ©2013 AACR.
Antiplatelet efficacy of prasugrel in patients with high on-clopidogrel treatment platelet reactivity and a history of coronary stenting
Authors: Bernlochner Isabell , Mayer Katharina , Morath Tanja , Orban Martin , Schulz Stefanie , Schömig Albert , Braun Siegmund , Kastrati Adnan , Sibbing Dirk 
Published: January 2013

SummaryLittle is known about the antiplatelet action of the 3rd generation thienopyridine prasugrel in patients showing high platelet reactivity (PR) levels on clopidogrel. Thus, we aimed to determine the antiplatelet efficacy of prasugrel loading (LD) and maintenance dose (MD) treatment in a registry of patients with high PR levels on clopidogrel and a consecutive switch over to prasugrel in a setting of routine platelet function testing. In our registry of patients treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (n=73) with high levels of PR on clopidogrel, the ADP-induced platelet aggregation (PA, in AU x min) was assessed on a Multiplate analyser 1) after clopidogrel LD, 2) after prasugrel LD and 3) on prasugrel MD (5 vs. 10 mg/day). In patients with high PR levels on clopidogrel, prasugrel LD resulted in significantly lower PA values (574 [462–698] vs. 156 [89–234] AU x min; p<0.0001). Only 2.7% of patients showed high PR (HPR, 468 AU x min) following prasugrel LD. On prasugrel MD, PA was significantly higher as compared to prasugrel LD (248 [145–406] vs. 156 [89–234] AU x min; p<0.0001) with more patients showing HPR on MD vs. LD (16.4% vs. 2.7%; p=0.009). For prasugrel MD, HPR rates were higher in 5 vs. 10 mg/day treated patients (46.2% vs. 10.0%; p=0.006). In conclusion, for patients with high PR levels on clopidogrel, prasugrel LD abolished this status in the majority of patients. However, prasugrel response variability was detected, being more pronounced on prasugrel MD vs. LD treatment. The clinical impact of these findings warrants further investigation.
Multiple Biomarkers for the Prediction of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Prugger Christof , Luc Gérald , Haas Bernadette , Morange Pierre-Emmanuel , Ferrieres Jean , Amouyel Philippe , Kee Frank , Ducimetiere Pierre , Empana Jean-Philippe 
Published: January 2013

Objective—
To simultaneously evaluate 14 biomarkers from distinct biological pathways for risk prediction of ischemic stroke, including biomarkers of hemostasis, inflammation, and endothelial activation as well as chemokines and adipocytokines.

Methods and Results—

The Prospective Epidemiological Study on Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) is a cohort of 9771 healthy men 50 to 59 years of age who were followed up over 10 years. In a nested case–control study, 95 ischemic stroke cases were matched with 190 controls. After multivariable adjustment for traditional risk factors, fibrinogen (odds ratio [OR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–2.28), E-selectin (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.06–2.93), interferon-γ-inducible-protein-10 (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.06–2.78), resistin (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.30–6.27), and total adiponectin (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.04–3.19) were significantly associated with ischemic stroke. Adding E-selectin and resistin to a traditional risk factor model significantly increased the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve from 0.679 (95% CI, 0.612–0.745) to 0.785 and 0.788, respectively, and yielded a categorical net reclassification improvement of 29.9% (
P
=0.001) and 28.4% (
P
=0.002), respectively. Their simultaneous inclusion in the traditional risk factor model increased the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve to 0.824 (95% CI, 0.770–0.877) and resulted in an net reclassification improvement of 41.4% (
P
<0.001). Results were confirmed when using continuous net reclassification improvement.

Conclusion—
Among multiple biomarkers from distinct biological pathways, E-selectin and resistin provided incremental and additive value to traditional risk factors in predicting ischemic stroke.
Overexpression of SOCS3 in T Lymphocytes Leads to Impaired Interleukin-17 Production and Severe Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Mice—Brief Report
Authors: Romain Mélissa , Taleb Soraya , Dalloz Marion , Ponnuswamy Padmapriya , Esposito Bruno , Pérez Nicolas , Wang Yu , Yoshimura Akihiko , Tedgui Alain , Mallat Ziad 
Published: January 2013

Objective—
Mutations of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are responsible for autosomal dominant hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. Recently, we reported frequent vascular abnormalities, including aneurysms in these patients, and demonstrated that STAT3 inhibition promoted aneurysm in mice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cell-specific STAT3 signaling in the susceptibility to aneurysm.

Methods and Results—

C57BL/6 wild-type mice were irradiated and repopulated with bone marrow cells isolated from either wild-type mice or from mice with defective STAT3 signaling as a result of overexpression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3-Tg mice). Mice were then subjected to a validated model of abdominal aortic aneurysm induced by angiotensin II infusion for 28 days, along with repetitive injections of a neutralizing antitransforming growth factor-β antibody. We found that overexpression of SOCS3 in bone marrow–derived cells significantly increased aneurysm severity (
P
=0.04). In contrast, overexpression of SOCS3 in the vessel wall had no effect on the disease process. Surprisingly, deletion of STAT3 signaling in macrophages did not affect aneurysm development. Interestingly, however, defective STAT3 signaling in SOCS3-Tg T cells markedly increased aneurysm severity (
P
=0.01) and mortality from aneurysm rupture (
P
=0.008). Overexpression of SOCS3 in T cells significantly decreased interleukin-17 production (
P
<0.0001) and was associated with a reduction of its plasma levels (
P
=0.02).

Conclusion—
These findings clearly identify a central role for T cell-specific STAT3 signaling in the promotion of vascular aneurysm and support previous work on interleukin-17 protective role in this process.
Chronic Kidney Disease, Plasma Lipoproteins, and Coronary Artery Calcium Incidence
Authors: Lamprea-Montealegre Julio A. , McClelland Robyn L. , Astor Brad C. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Shlipak Michael , de Boer Ian H. , Szklo Moyses 
Published: January 2013

Objective—
To determine the association of chronic kidney disease and coronary artery calcium (CAC) incidence, and the distribution of lipoproteins across categories of kidney function and their association with CAC risk.

Methods and Results—

We analyzed data from 2795 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with no CAC (calcium score=0) at baseline enrolled at the first Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis visit between the years 2000 and 2002. During a median follow-up of 2.4 years, incident calcium (calcium score>0 at follow-up) developed in 12%, 19%, and 27% of participants with a cystatin-c estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min per 1.73 m)

2

of ≥90, 60 to 89, and 30 to 59 (
P
for difference <0.001), respectively. Compared with those with normal kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate≥90), adjusted CAC incidence risk ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were as follows: 1.26 (95% CI, 1.04–1.52), and 1.56 (95% CI, 1.11–2.20;
P
trend
=0.014) in those with estimated glomerular filtration rate of 60 to 89 and 30 to 59, respectively. These associations were attenuated after adjusting for a characteristic and strongly interrelated lipid phenotype (principal component 1), which was more common in those with chronic kidney disease and characterized by a predominance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins: CAC incidence risk ratios=1.21 (95% CI, 1.00–1.46) and 1.44 (95% CI, 1.02–2.04;
P
trend
=0.06) in those with estimated glomerular filtration rate 60 to 89 and 30 to 59, respectively, after adjusting for principal component 1.

Conclusion—
Chronic kidney disease is strongly associated with CAC incidence. Part of this association is mediated through a characteristic lipid phenotype comprising elevations in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
An Objective Climatology of Tropical Plumes
Authors: Fröhlich Luise , Knippertz Peter , Fink Andreas H. , Hohberger Esther 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The first global objective climatology of tropical plumes (TPs), obtained from a novel algorithm based on gridded 10.8-μm brightness temperatures Tb, is presented for 1983–2006. TPs are defined as continuous cloud bands (&gt;2000 km) crossing 15°N or 15°S with Tb anomalies of less than −20 K and a lifetime of at least 3 h. A minimum length-to-width ratio of 3 filters out elongated features. Numbers of identified TPs are sensitive to the chosen thresholds but not their geographical distribution and seasonal cycle.
TPs are an important indicator of tropical–extratropical interactions with impacts on radiation and moisture. TP occurrence during boreal winter is largely confined to oceanic regions with main maxima over the South Pacific and South Atlantic as well as the eastern North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The geographical distribution during boreal summer is similar, but with lower frequencies, except for monsoon-influenced regions. Interannual variations over the Indo-Pacific region are strongly related to El Niño. TPs often develop downstream of extratropical upper-level troughs propagating into low latitudes, particularly over the wintertime eastern North Pacific and North Atlantic, but also in regions where mean upper-level easterlies do not generally favor equatorward Rossby wave propagation. Synoptic-scale variations in the quasi-permanent cloud bands associated with the South Pacific and South Atlantic convergence zones frequently produce TP-like anomalies, which are climatologically associated with downstream upper-level troughs. Some regions also feature TPs associated with mesoscale tropical disturbances. The new TP algorithm will serve as a basis for more in-depth studies in the future.
Contributions of Different Cloud Types to Feedbacks and Rapid Adjustments in CMIP5*
Authors: Zelinka Mark D. , Klein Stephen A. , Taylor Karl E. , Andrews Timothy , Webb Mark J. , Gregory Jonathan M. , Forster Piers M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Using five climate model simulations of the response to an abrupt quadrupling of CO2, the authors perform the first simultaneous model intercomparison of cloud feedbacks and rapid radiative adjustments with cloud masking effects removed, partitioned among changes in cloud types and gross cloud properties. Upon CO2 quadrupling, clouds exhibit a rapid reduction in fractional coverage, cloud-top pressure, and optical depth, with each contributing equally to a 1.1 W m−2 net cloud radiative adjustment, primarily from shortwave radiation. Rapid reductions in midlevel clouds and optically thick clouds are important in reducing planetary albedo in every model. As the planet warms, clouds become fewer, higher, and thicker, and global mean net cloud feedback is positive in all but one model and results primarily from increased trapping of longwave radiation. As was true for earlier models, high cloud changes are the largest contributor to intermodel spread in longwave and shortwave cloud feedbacks, but low cloud changes are the largest contributor to the mean and spread in net cloud feedback. The importance of the negative optical depth feedback relative to the amount feedback at high latitudes is even more marked than in earlier models. The authors show that the negative longwave cloud adjustment inferred in previous studies is primarily caused by a 1.3 W m−2 cloud masking of CO2 forcing. Properly accounting for cloud masking increases net cloud feedback by 0.3 W m−2 K−1, whereas accounting for rapid adjustments reduces by 0.14 W m−2 K−1 the ensemble mean net cloud feedback through a combination of smaller positive cloud amount and altitude feedbacks and larger negative optical depth feedbacks.