bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid-to-Air Coolant Distribution Units Performance and Considerations for Server Rooms Upgrade With Conventional Air Conditioning
Authors: Heydari Ali , Soud Qusai , Tradat Mohammad , Gharaibeh Ahmad R. , Fallahtafti Najmeh , Rodriguez Jeremy , Sammakia Bahgat 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As web-based AI applications are growing rapidly, server rooms face escalating computational demands, prompting enterprises to either upgrade their facilities or outsource to co-located sites. This growth strains conventional heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, which struggle to handle the substantial thermal load, often resulting in hotspots. Liquid-to-air (L2A) coolant distribution units (CDUs) emerge as a solution, efficiently cooling servers by circulating liquid coolant through cooling loops (CLs) mounted on each server board. In this study, the performance of a 24-kW L2A CDU is evaluated across various scenarios, emphasizing cooling effect and stability. Experimental tests involve a rack with three thermal test vehicles (TTVs), monitoring both liquid coolant and air sides for analysis. Tests are conducted in a limited air-conditioned environment, resembling upgraded server rooms with conventional AC systems. The study also assesses the impact of high-power density cooling units on the server room environment, measuring noise, air velocity, and ambient temperature against ASHRAE standards for human comfort. Recommendations for optimal practices and potential system improvements are included in the research, addressing the growing need for efficient cooling solutions amidst escalating computational demands.
Influence of the initial microbiota on eggplant
shibazuke
pickle and eggplant juice fermentation
Authors: Sawada Kazunori , Yamada Takuji 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the initial microbiota on microbial succession and metabolite transition during eggplant fermentation. Samples of traditional Japanese eggplant pickles,
shibazuke
, which were spontaneously fermented by plant-associated microbiota, were used for the analysis. Microbiota analysis indicated two successional patterns: early dominance of lactic acid bacteria superseded by aerobic bacteria and early dominance of lactic acid bacteria maintained to the end of the production process. Next,
shibazuke
production was modeled using filter-sterilized eggplant juice, fermenting the average composition of the initial
shibazuke
microbiota, which was artificially constructed from six major species identified during
shibazuke
production. In contrast to
shibazuke
production, all batches of eggplant juice fermentation showed almost identical microbial succession and complete dominance of
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
in the final microbiota. These findings revealed the fate of initial microbiota under
shibazuke
production conditions: the early dominance of lactic acid bacteria that was maintained throughout, with
L. plantarum
ultimately predominating the microbiota. Furthermore, a comparison of the results between
shibazuke
production and eggplant juice fermentation suggested that
L. plantarum
is involved in the production of lactic acid, alanine, and glutamic acid during eggplant fermentation regardless of the final microbiota.

IMPORTANCE

The findings shown in this study provide insight into the microbial succession during spontaneous pickle fermentation and the role of
Lactiplantibacillus
plantarum in eggplant pickle production. Moreover, the novel method of using filter-sterilized vegetable juice with an artificial microbiota to emulate spontaneous fermentation can be applied to other spontaneously fermented products. This approach allows for the evaluation of the effect of specific initial microbiota in the absence of plant-associated bacteria from raw materials potentially promoting a greater understanding of microbial behavior in complex microbial ecosystems during vegetable fermentation.
Spatial–temporal variations in Mesozoic crustal thickness along the northeast Asian continental margin: Response to the subduction history of the Paleo-Pacific Plate
Authors: Tang Jie , Guo Peng , Wang Feng , Wang Yi-Ni , Xu Wen-Liang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The initial timing and history of subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia are controversial. The crustal thickness variations at a convergent margin typically reflect the convergent process between the two plates. This study used a recently proposed machine-learning model to estimate the crustal thickness variations along the northeast Asian continental margin during the Mesozoic. The northeast Asian continental margin, particularly the eastern North China Craton, had its thickest crust during the Early Triassic and underwent crustal thinning during the Middle–Late Triassic. The former reflects the subduction and collision between the South China Block and North China Craton, and the latter occurred in a post-orogenic extensional setting. From the Early to Middle Jurassic, sustained crustal thickening occurred along the northeast Asian continental margin, which coincided with initial subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia. From the Early to Late Cretaceous, the northeast Asian continental margin generally underwent crustal thinning, but crustal thickening events occurred at 130 Ma, 110 Ma, and 90 Ma, which is consistent with rollback of the subducted Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia. The relationship between crustal thickness and mineralization suggests that thicker crust favored the formation of porphyry-type Cu-Mo deposits, whereas thinner crust in an extensional setting favored the formation of epithermal Au deposits related to magmatism.
Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) longitudinal prospective pregnancy to childhood cohort study of Australian children at risk of type 1 diabetes: parental demographics and birth information
Authors: Thomson Rebecca L , Oakey Helena , Haynes Aveni , Craig Maria E , Harrison Leonard C , Wentworth John M , Anderson Amanda , Ashwood Pat , Barry Simon , Brittain Bek , Brown James D , Colman Peter G , Davis Elizabeth A , Hamilton-Williams Emma , Huynh Dao , Huynh Tony , Kim Ki-Wook , McGorm Kelly J , Morahan Grant , Rawlinson William , Sinnott Richard O , Soldatos Georgia , Tye-Din Jason A , Vuillermin Peter J , Penno Megan A S , Couper Jennifer J 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThe Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) Study is an ongoing Australian prospective cohort study investigating how modifiable prenatal and early-life exposures drive the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children. In this profile, we describe the cohort’s parental demographics, maternal and neonatal outcomes and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes.Research design and methodsInclusion criteria were an unborn child, or infant aged less than 6 months, with a first-degree relative (FDR) with T1D. The primary outcome was persistent islet autoimmunity, with children followed until a T1D diagnosis or 10 years of age. Demographic data were collected at enrollment. Lifestyle, clinical and anthropometric data were collected at each visit during pregnancy and clinical pregnancy and birth data were verified against medical case notes. Data were compared between mothers with and without T1D. HLA genotyping was performed on the ENDIA child and all available FDRs.ResultsThe final cohort comprised 1473 infants born to 1214 gestational mothers across 1453 pregnancies, with 80% enrolled during pregnancy. The distribution of familial T1D probands was 62% maternal, 28% paternal and 11% sibling. The frequency of high-risk HLA genotypes was highest in T1D probands, followed by ENDIA infants, and lowest among unaffected family members. Mothers with T1D had higher rates of pregnancy complications and perinatal intervention, and larger babies of shorter gestation. Parent demographics were comparable to the Australian population for age, parity and obesity. A greater percentage of ENDIA parents were Australian born, lived in a major city and had higher socioeconomic advantage and education.ConclusionsThis comprehensive profile provides the context for understanding ENDIA’s scope, methodology, unique strengths and limitations. Now fully recruited, ENDIA will provide unique insights into the roles of early-life factors in the development of islet autoimmunity and T1D in the Australian environment.Trial registration numberACTRN12613000794707.
Surrogate measures of first-phase insulin secretion versus reference methods intravenous glucose tolerance test and hyperglycemic clamp: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Renklint Rebecka , Chninou Youssef , Heni Martin , Fritsche Andreas , Haering Hans-Ulrich , Wagner Robert , Otten Julia 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionIn this systematic review, we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of surrogate measures of insulin secretion based on fasting samples and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The first phase of insulin secretion was calculated using two gold standard methods; the hyperglycemic clamp (HGC) test and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT).Research design and methodsWe conducted searches in the PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science databases, the last of which was conducted at the end of June 2021. Studies were included that measured first-phase insulin secretion in adults using both a gold-standard reference method (either HGC or IVGTT) and one or more surrogate measures from either fasting samples, OGTT or a meal-tolerance test. QUADAS-2, a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies, was used for quality assessment. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to examine the correlation between first-phase measured with gold standard and surrogate methods.ResultsA total of 33 articles, encompassing 5362 individuals with normal glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes, were included in our systematic review. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-beta and Insulinogenic Index 30 (IGI(30)) were the surrogate measures validated in the largest number of studies (17 and 13, respectively). HOMA-beta’s pooled correlation to the reference methods was 0.48 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.56) The pooled correlation of IGI to the reference methods was 0.61 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.68). The surrogate measures with the highest correlation to the reference methods were Kadowaki (0.67 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.73)) and Stumvoll’s first-phase secretion (0.65 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.71)), both calculated from an OGTT.ConclusionsSurrogate measures from the first 30 min of an OGTT capture the first phase of insulin secretion and are a good choice for epidemiological studies. HOMA-beta has a moderate correlation to the reference methods but is not a measure of the first phase specifically.PROSPERO registration numberThe meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (Id: CRD42020169064) before inclusion started.
Recruitment strategies and consent rates in a national prospective colorectal cancer screening cohort: results from year 1 of the Voyage Study
Authors: Yost Kathleen J , Carlson Rachel E , Kirt Christine R , Kirsch Emily J , Kneedler Bonny , Laffin Jennifer J , St Sauver Jennifer L , Finney Rutten Lila J , Grimm Jessica A , Olson Janet E 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo identify the optimal incentive protocol for maximising participation while managing study costs during the Voyage trial.DesignProspective cohort (Voyage trial) of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality outcomes in individuals screened with multitarget stool DNA (mt-sDNA) served as the population. A subset was randomised to receive postage stamps as a pre-consent incentive, or as a post-consent incentive after completion of the consent and questionnaire. Descriptive statistics from year 1 are reported.ResultsDuring year 1 of the Voyage trial, a total of 600 258 individuals with mt-sDNA orders received at Exact Sciences Laboratories were randomly selected and invited to participate. Of those, 26 429 (4.4%) opted in, 14 365 of whom (54.3%) consented. The opt-in and consent samples were similar to the target population with respect to sex but differed by geographic residence and age (p<0.001). For the embedded incentive experiment, 2333 were randomised to the pre-incentive arm, while 2342 were randomised to the post-incentive arm. Overall consent rate in the incentive trial was 56.4% (60.9% for the pre-consent incentive arm (1421/2333) vs 52.0% for the post-consent incentive arm (1217/2342), p<0.001). Cost reduction was observed for the pre-consent incentive group, and higher response rates were seen among older versus younger individuals.ConclusionsPre-consent incentive option was associated with a higher participation rate and lower costs and was used for the remainder of study recruitment. CRC incidence and mortality vary with age; thus, adjusting for differential participation by age and region will be important in analyses of Voyage data.Trial registration numberNCT04124406.
Statin prescriptions and progression of advanced fibrosis risk in primary care patients with MASLD
Authors: Schreiner Andrew D , Zhang Jingwen , Petz Chelsey A , Moran William P , Koch David G , Marsden Justin , Bays Chloe , Mauldin Patrick D , Gebregziabher Mulugeta 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the association of statins with progression to a high risk for advanced fibrosis in primary care patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).DesignThis retrospective cohort study of electronic health record data included patients with MASLD and an initial low or indeterminate risk for advanced fibrosis, determined by Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) score (<2.67). Patients were followed from the index FIB-4 until the primary outcome of a high-risk FIB-4 (≥2.67) or the end of the study period. Prescription for a statin during follow-up was the primary exposure. We developed Cox regression models for the time to a high-risk FIB-4 score with statin therapy as the primary covariate and adjusting for baseline fibrosis risk, demographic and comorbidity variables.ResultsThe cohort of 1238 patients with MASLD was followed for a mean of 3.3 years, with 47% of patients receiving a prescription for a statin, and 18% of patients progressing to a high-risk FIB-4. In the adjusted Cox model with statin prescription as the primary exposure, statins were associated with a lower risk (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.80) of progressing to a FIB-4≥2.67. In the adjusted Cox models with statin prescription intensity as the exposure, moderate (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.84) and high intensity (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.88) statins were associated with a lower risk of progressing to a high-risk FIB-4.ConclusionStatin prescriptions, and specifically moderate and high intensity statin prescriptions, demonstrate a protective association with fibrosis risk progression in primary care patients with MASLD.
Legislation for advancing women’s leadership in the health sector in India and Kenya: a ‘law cube’ approach to identify ways to strengthen legal environments for gender equality
Authors: Evagora-Campbell Mireille , Kedia Sapna , Odero Henry Owoko , Uppal Radhika , Odunga Sally Atieno , Mattoo Tusharika , Miranda Patricia Blardony , Tanaka Sonja , Kiwuwa-Muyingo Sylvia , Verma Ravi , Hawkes Sarah , Buse Kent 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThis paper examines the availability of legal provisions, or the lack thereof, that support women to progress equitably into leadership positions within the health workforce in India and Kenya.MethodsWe adapted the World Bank’sWomen, Business and Lawframework of legal domains relevant to gender equality in the workplace and applied a ‘law cube’ to analyse the comprehensiveness, accountability and equity and human rights considerations of 27 relevant statutes in India and 11 in Kenya that apply to people in formal employment within the health sector. We assessed those laws against 30 research-validated good practice measures across five legal domains: (1) pay; (2) workplace protections; (3) pensions; (4) care, family life and work–life balance; and (5) reproductive rights. In India, the pension domain and related measures were not assessed because the pension laws do not apply to the public and private sector equally.ResultsSeveral legal domains are addressed inadequately or not at all, including pay in India, reproductive rights in Kenya and the care, family life and the work–life balance domain in both countries. Additionally, we found that among the Kenyan laws reviewed, few specify accountability mechanisms, and equity and human rights measures are mainly absent from the laws assessed in both countries. Our findings highlight inadequacies in the legal environments in India and Kenya may contribute to women’s under-representation in leadership in the health sector. The absence of specified accountability mechanisms may impact the effective implementation of legislation, undermining their potential to promote equal opportunities.ConclusionsGovernment action is needed in both countries to ensure that legislation addresses best practice provisions, equity and human rights considerations, and provides for independent review mechanisms to ensure accountability for implementation of existing and future laws. This would contribute to ensuring that legal environments uphold the equality of opportunity necessary for realising gender justice in the workplace for the health workforce.Primary source of fundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-031372).
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of patients with cardiovascular disease in Australia: mixed-methods study
Authors: Trivedi Ritu , Jaure Allison , Chiang Jason , Thaliph Ayesha , Shaw Tim , Chow Clara K , Laranjo Liliana 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThe study explored the perceived impacts of COVID-19 and its associated policies and social restrictions on health, self-management and access to healthcare.DesignCross-sectional observational (online survey) and qualitative study (semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis).SettingAustralia.ParticipantsPeople with self-reported cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or risk factors.ResultsSurvey responses were collected from 690 participants (43.8% women, 40.1% over 65 years). Participants reported that their heart health had been affected by the pandemic (26.3%), were less likely to exercise (47.1%), have a healthy diet (25.9%) and take medications (9.4%). A large proportion were admitted to hospital (46.2%) and presented to the emergency department (40.6%). Difficulties in accessing healthcare providers (53.2%) and use of telemedicine (63.6%) were reported. We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews and identified five key themes: adding burden in seeking medical care, impediments in accessing a readjusted health system, exacerbating vulnerability and distress, coping with self-management and adapting to telehealth.ConclusionsPatients with CVD expressed an additional burden in seeking medical care and difficulties navigating a readjusted health system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Associated policies and access issues heightened vulnerabilities and distress, making self-management of health difficult for patients with CVD.
Impact of free school lunch program on nutritional status and academic outcomes among school children in India: A systematic review
Authors: Raveenthiranathan Lakshana , Ramanarayanan Venkitachalam , Thankappan KR 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionMid-day meal programmes (MDM) were introduced in India to improve school attendance, nutritional status and educational outcomes of school children. Numerous primary studies have examined the impact of the MDM programmes on both nutritional and educational outcomes in various settings across the country. However, synthesising the findings from these studies has been challenging. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review to assess the effects of MDM programmes on the nutritional and academic outcomes of school children in India.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted, and relevant studies published between 1997 and 2022 were included. Two reviewers independently conducted study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. The results were synthesised descriptively.ResultsThe systematic review included 31 studies. Among them, 16 studies focused on academic outcomes, while 18 studies reported children’s nutritional status. Studies on MDM Scheme (MDMS) in children show mixed results on nutritional outcomes. While some studies show marginal improvements in height and weight measurements, others show no significant improvement. Regular MDMS access improves enrollment, attendance and retention rates for children, with lower dropout rates and higher academic achievement. However, its impact on academic performance remains unclear.ConclusionThe MDM programme in India was effective in improving the academic achievement and a few nutritional outcomes of school children, underscoring the importance of sustaining MDM programmes in India.Protocol registration numberThe review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023391776). Available from:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023391776.
Biomarker of severity in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study
Authors: Qian Fen-Hong , Liu Yu-Xue , Cao Yu , Huang Jing , Zhu Rong-Hao 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe novel COVID-19 was rapidly spreading and was highly contagious. COVID-19 caused over 6 million deaths worldwide, with high mortality rates, particularly in severe cases.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether serum albumin-neutrophil count to lymphocyte count ratio (NLR) score (ANS) could be used as a prognostic indicator of COVID-19 severity.DesignA retrospective study.ParticipantsBased on the WHO diagnostic criteria, patients were classified as either non-severe (n=270) or severe (n=100).Primary and secondary outcome measuresNLR, serum albumin level and ANS.Main resultsThe NLR of patients with severe disease was significantly higher than that of those with non-severe disease. Serum albumin levels were significantly lower in patients with severe disease than in those with non-severe disease. The cut-off values representing the maximum potential effectiveness of serum albumin and NLR were 33.5 g/L and 8.25, respectively, according to the Youden index. In patients with severe COVID-19, we observed that the serum albumin level, NLR and ANS were independent prognostic indicators of severe COVID-19 using logistic analysis. The relative risk of severe COVID-19 was 7.65 (95% CI 3.72 to 15.75, p<0.05) in the ANS 2 group compared with that in ANS 0.ConclusionsANS could be used as a prognostic indicator of COVID-19 severity.