bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Priority Technologies in Forest Protection Against Hazardous Organisms
Authors: Лямцев Н.И. , Сергеева Ю.А. , Гниненко Ю.И. , Комарова И.А. 
Published: July 2024

Рассматриваются вопросы научного обеспечения системы мероприятий по защите лесов от вредных организмов, а также методы прогнозирования массовых размножений опасных для насаждений видов насекомых и угрозы повреждения насаждений. Приведены эффективные биологические агенты и технологии их массового производства и применения против ряда вредителей лесов, а также результаты испытаний новых препаратов для расширения ассортимента разрешенных к применению средств защиты лесов.
The paper highlights development of environmental and economically efficient integrated forest protection operation packages including updated technologies of phytosanitary prevention, forest pathology monitoring and survey, suppression of widely spread and quarantine forest insect and disease outbreaks. Development of mass outbreak forecast procedures for hazardous insects and forest damage risks is based on longterm stationary studies, Pheromone application technology for population monitoring of 11 leaf and needle eating pest species, 9 coniferous stem pest species, as well as 3 shoot moth species has been developed and its population thresholds identified. Insect pheromone application to cut its population primarily systematic catch of population share in reservation areas has been recommended. New preparation trials to extend allowable applicable forest protection agent range are underway. Efficient biological agent search, its mass production and application technology development has been done. Pilot laboratory small scale production of forest protection virus biological agent against red pine sawfly has been established. Chouioia cunea entomoparasitoid mass rearing and application technology has been developed. Studies that ensure insect host rearing and 3 eggeater species cultivation and its applications in forest pest protection has been conducted. Small scale predator Thanasimus and Rhizophagus entomophage production and application technologies to prevent shaping of bark beetle and other stem pest mass outbreaks have been developed. Biology and damage rate of some hazardous invasive organisms have been studies and its detection and identification technologies developed. Studies to develop efficient protection operations against such new invaders in Russian forest communities.
Research on Biological Productivity of Forests in the Institute of Forest Science RAS
Authors: Гульбе Я.И. , Гульбе А.Я. , Ермолова Л.С. , Гульбе Т.А. 
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены история, методика и результаты почти 70-летних исследований по первичной биологической продуктивности лесов в Институте лесоведения РАН. За этот период исследования, направленные в основном на получение фактического материала о фитомассе и годичной продукции лесных фитоценозов, перешли на новый качественный уровень разработку нормативной базы для определения биологической продуктивности лесов и теории продукционного процесса.
Over the years of research at the Institute of Forest Science RAS, a unique material has been obtained on the biological productivity of forest biogeocenoses in various natural zones of the European part of Russia. Throughout the research, much attention was paid to methodological issues, which made it possible to ensure sufficient accuracy and reliability of the data obtained during field work, office and statistical processing of the material. The presence of a long-term monitoring network made it possible to organize long-term monitoring of the forest biogeocenoses production process at permanent plots. Along with works on the assessment of the biological productivity of vegetation cover and the study of biological cycle in biogeocenoses, the Institute also develops theoretical questions, in particular, formulated the concept of production invariance of forest phytocenoses, outlined approaches to dividing the canopy of forest stands into biogeo-horizon. Together with the CEPF RAS, a regulatory framework was created for assessing the phytomass of forests and its dynamics, which made it possible to evaluate pools and carbon fluxes on the territory of the forest fund of Russia and some federal districts and federal subjects. The data on the biological productivity of the age series of stands and monitoring of the production process at permanent plots of observation made it possible to approach the preparation of the balance of organic matter in the aboveground part of forest phytocenoses. An assessment is made of the production potential of forest phytocenoses forming on abandoned agricultural lands and their impact on the regional carbon cycle. Further research in the study of biological productivity is focused, first of all, on improving the regulatory framework for determining phytomass and annual production of forest phytocenoses and developing the theoretical foundations of the production process.
Old-Growth Forests Of Serebryanoborsky Forestry
Authors: Татарников Д.В. , Львов Ю.Г. 
Published: July 2024

Проанализирована структура некоторыхстаровозрастныхнасажденийСеребряноборскоголесничества: липового, дубово-липового и соснового. Сосновое насаждение за время своего существования неоднократно подвергалось выборочным рубкам, и в его составе присутствуют три поколения березы, появившиеся в разное время. В древостое возрастает участие липы и клена. Липняк в 110 лет остается устойчивым насаждением. А дубово-липовое насаждение, в котором долгие годы преобладал дуб, сегодня стало почти чистым липняком.
Structure of some old-growth woods of Serebryanoborsky forestry (linden forest, oak-linden forest, pine forest) has been analysed. Age of dominant trees was: near 110 years in linden forest, near 130 years in oak-linden forest, more 200 years in pine forest. Forests around big cities such as Moscow are turned out forestry exploitation, and there are many old aged tree stands in these forests. Structure of old aged tree stands was created by growth of different tree generations and various disturbances, which occurred during long history of existence of wood. In the pine forest there are three generations of birch, which have appeared after local cutting of pine at different time. The role of linden and maple in the stand was being increased during last seventy years. In the oak-linden forest domination has changed from oak to linden in recent time as result of plural oak drying.Thelindentreestandremainsstable.
Influence of Substrate Composition On Survival Rate and Root Formation of Adaptable ex vitro Plants of North American Varieties of Half-Highbush Blueberry
Authors: Макаров С.С. , Родин С.А. , Кузнецова И.Б. 
Published: July 2024

В статье приведены результаты исследований по изучению влияния состава субстрата на приживаемость и корнеобразование на этапе адаптации к условиям ex vitro растений голубики полувысокой североамериканских сортов Northblue и Northcountry. Подобран почвенный субстрат для адаптации растений, размноженных in vitro, к нестерильным условиям ex vitro. Самая высокая приживаемость растений голубики выявлена на торфе переходного типа.
The article presents the results of studies of the influence of substrate composition on the survival rate and root formation at the stage of adaptation of North American varieties (Northblue and Northcountry) of half-highbush blueberry plants to the ex vitro conditions. The half-highbush blueberry is a hybrid of Vaccinium corymbosum × V. angustifolium Ait species. This species is frost-resistant, high-yielding, and resistant to various diseases and pests. Blueberry fruits contain a rich composition of biologically active substances, provitamin A, vitamins B1, B2, C, PP, phosphorus, calcium and iron in an easily digestible form. Studies on the adaptation of blueberry plants of the half-highbush varieties Northblue and Northcountry on three types of soil substrate: peat+soil 1:1, peat+sand 3:1, transitional peat type. An optimal soil substrate is selected for plant adaptation in vitro to ex vitro non-sterile conditions. The highest percentage of blueberry plant survival is on the substrate peat of the transitional type. The largest total length of the roots is observed in adapted plants on the substrate “peat + soil 1: 1” is observed (14,5 cm), on the substrate “peat + sand 3: 1” – 9,6 cm. Both the composition of the substrate and the variety have a significant impact on the average length of blueberry roots. The average root length of Northcountry blueberry varieties is 1,8 cm, which is longer than Northblue (1,6 cm). The largest total length of the roots is observed in Northblue blueberry plants. The percentage survival rate of viable plants of the half-highbush blueberry reached up to 90%.
Forecasting of Yield of Rubus Caesius Berry-Field in the Forests of the Steppe Pridonye
Authors: Коробова Я.В. , Турчин Т.Я. 
Published: July 2024

Приводятся результаты краткосрочного прогнозирования урожайности ягодников ежевики сизой в различных группах типов леса степного Придонья. С помощью корреляционного анализа установлена точность полученных прогнозных значений.
The article deals with research of specificities of forecasting of yield of Rubus caesius in the main groups of forests of the steppe Pridonye [1]. Relevance of the research is due to the fact that, in natural forests of the steppe Pridonye the Rubus caesius is widely spread. According to data of the previous researches, there are the following factors, that influence growth and fruiting of wild Rubus caesius berry-field: type of forest, crown density and weather conditions. At the same time, the issue of forecasting of yield of Rubus caesius in forests of the steppe Pridonye remains open. As the result of this work, it was established by authors, that the most quantity of flowers of Rubus caesius per square meter is approximately the same in all groups of types of forest of the studied territory (65–86 pcs./m2), except oak ravine thalweg forests, where this value is significantly lower (40–43 pcs./m2). At the same time, the most quantity of sets were founded in black poplars near the riverbed (47–63 pcs./m2) and birch steppe sandy banded forests (48–60 pcs./m2),and the lowest – in oak ravine thalweg forests (21–22 pcs./m2). Long-time average annual weight of a berry on all sample plots under review is almost the same and ranges within the frame of 0,8–0,9 g. The only exceptions are the sample plot 2 and the sample plot 8, where this value is 1,0 g and 1,2 g respectively. Besides that, the authors received forecasting data of yield of Rubus caesius berry-field in the main groups of types of forests of the steppe Pridonye. To hold accuracy analysis of obtained forecasting values there was also calculated and given long-time average annual yield of Rubus caesius on the sample plots under review according to data of field researches 2012–2017 years. The results of comparative analysis represent that the obtained forecasting values in all cases exceed data of actual yield. At the same time, it should be noted, that values, that have been calculated by quantity of sets per square meter of berry-fields by using coefficient of long-time average annual fruitfulness of fruits setting turned out more similar to actual data. Using for calculation the data of flowering has shown large differences from real values. Reference 1. Turchin, Т.Y. The forests of steppe Pridonye / Т.Y. Turchin, Т.А. Turchina. – Rostov-on-Don: Publishing office of Rost. University, 2005. – 204 p.
Age Structure and Composition of Pine Stands in the Altai-Novosibirsk Region of Forest-Steppe and Ribbon Forests
Authors: Осипенко А.Е. , Осипенко Р.А. , Залесов С.В. 
Published: July 2024

В статье представлены результаты анализа возрастной структуры и точности таксации 6-ти сосновых древостоев, произрастающих в условиях типов леса сухой бор пологих всхолмлений и свежий бор. Установлено, что все исследуемые сосновые древостои являются одноярусными, условно разновозрастными и разновозрастными.
The article constitutes an analysis of the structure of pine stands by age, height, diameter, and wood stock. The study was carried out on the territory of the Rakitovsky forestry of the Altai Krai for six pine stands that grow in the conditions of the forest types “dry coniferous wood on gentle slopes” and “fresh coniferous wood”. The article presents graphs of the wood stock distribution and the number of trees in the studied stands by diameter classes, as well as the distribution of age and height indicators by diameter classes. The felling age established in the Rakitovsky forestry for stands with the predominance of common pine of the III and lower yield classes is from 121 to 140 years. Under these conditions, trees of this age can have completely different diameters – 40 cm and more or from 16 to 20 cm. At the same time, trees belonging to the diameter classes with a thickness of 40 cm or more can have a smaller age. The range of variation in the age of trees within the same diameter class can be from 10 to 164 years with an average value of 40 years which certainly makes it difficult to divide trees into age generations. The study found that all the pine stands under study were single-tiered, conditionally mixed-age, and mixed-age. The stands in which the distribution of the stock by diameter classes has two or more vertices were evaluated as pine trees consisting of 2 3 generations. For two of the six pine stands, there is an overestimation of the average age of forest elements based on forest management materials and an underestimation of the average age for one of the stands. Such taxation indicators of forest elements as the average height and average diameter in the forest management materials correspond to reality. The study also found that for stands that grow in the conditions of the fresh coniferous wood type, the largest number of trees was concentrated in diameter classes of 8 to 12. In the conditions of the type “dry coniferous wood on gentle slopes”, the distribution of trees along the diameter class is more uniform. Based on the obtained data on the age of the registered trees and stocks of the studied pine stands, corrected formulas for their compositions were proposed.
To the Question of Inventory Protective Forestry on Landagricultural Appointment (on the Example of the Rostov region)
Authors: Дубенок Н.Н. , Танюкевич В.В. , Михин В.И. , Кулик А.В. , Хмелева Д.В. , Кваша А.А. 
Published: July 2024

Проанализированы результаты инвентаризации защитных лесных насаждений, предусматривающей сбор и систематизацию сведений об их площадях, местоположении, породном и возрастном составе, состоянии, таксационных и мелиоративных показателях, правовом статусе. Приведены апробированные рекомендации для проведения инвентаризации агролесомелиоративных насаждений в отдельных субъектах Российской Федерации.
The article summarizes the experience of inventory of protective forest stands on agricultural land in the Rostov region. The need to take into account the agroforestry fund is determined by the law of the Russian Federation “About land reclamation”. The customers of the works are the owners of agricultural land. The main part of the article describes the content of the inventory stages. Preparatory work consists of collecting and analyzing reference and archival materials. The composition and equipment of forest inventory parties are given. At the field stage, an agroforestry survey is carried out on field-protective, culvert, off-shore, horticultural forest belts and near-farm plantations. Their area, construction, species composition, age, forest inventory performance and safety are determined. Forest management measures are assigned to improve the condition and reclamation efficiency of plantings: thinning, uprooting, reconstruction. In the course of desk work, an inventory report is issued. It is established that in the Rostov region the area of plantings used by agricultural organizations is 224,190 ha, leased 8,316 ha, owned 5,887 ha, on reserve lands 1,505 ha, in the district land redistribution fund 314 ha. Shelter and near-shore forest belts prevail: 52 % and 16 % of the total planted area. Protective forest cover of arable land is 2,6 %. The need for additional shelter forest belts is 116 thousand hectares. The main species of agroforestry are robinia, green ash, squat elm and petiolate oak aged 40–70 years. Recommended uprooting of plantings on an area of 4,670 ha, thinning of 219,220 ha, reconstruction of 6,032 ha. An example of the layout of protective forest stands on agricultural land is given. The article notes the prospects of using remote methods for assessing protective forest stands, offers suggestions for legal regulation of agroforestry, accounting for protective forest stands, and provides developed scientific and practical recommendations for conducting a one-time inventory of protective forest stands on agricultural land.
Aviation Protection of Russian Forests – 90 years!
Authors: Ковалев Н.А. 
Published: July 2024

В статье представлена история становления и развития авиационной охраны лесов в России, создания баз авиационной охраны лесов и централизации Авиалесоохраны, а также рассмотрено современное состояние системы авиационной охраны лесов в стране. Приведены новые технологии и перспективные направления развития.
The article presents the history of the formation and development of aviation forest protection in Russia, the creation of aviation forest protection bases and the centralization of Aviation forest protection, as well as the current state of the aviation forest protection system in the country. New technologies and promising areas of development are presented.
Natural Seed Regeneration under Single-Storied Plantation Canopy in Dendro Orchard, Dendro Park and Urban Forest
Authors: Родин С.А. , Межибовский А.М. , Чемарина О.В. 
Published: July 2024

Изучено естественное семенное возобновление хвойных и лиственных древесных пород в рукотворных насаждениях (дендросаду, дендропарке) и городском лесу в северо-восточной части Московской обл. Осуществлён учёт самосева и подроста под пологом лесных массивов, биологических групп и под проекциями крон отдельных деревьев. Приведена оценка адаптации хвойных и лиственных пород по их способности к естественному семенному возобновлению. При полном отсутствии семенного возобновления на указанных объектах адаптация древесной породы оценивалась как неудовлетворительная. При наличии в насаждении естественного жизнеспособного семенного возобновления адаптация древесной породы признавалась удовлетворительной и хорошей в зависимости от количества самосева и подроста. Адаптация хвойных пород на всех изученных объектах признана неудовлетворительной; дубов красного и черешчатого, ореха маньчжурского, клёна остролистного и вяза гладкого - удовлетворительной и хорошей. Установлено, что у мелкого подроста дуба красного после первого механического повреждения утрачивается центральный побег и формируется под углом 30-40о замещающий побег; после второго механического повреждения такое растение погибает. Адаптация остальных изученных лиственных древесных пород признана неудовлетворительной. Для сохранения биологического разнообразия, оздоровления приземного слоя воздуха и привлекательности в парках и городских лесах рекомендуется использовать следующие древесные породы: дубы красный и черешчатый, орех маньчжурский (на суглинистых почвах), клён остролистный, вяз гладкий.
Softwood and hardwood tree species natural seed regeneration in man-made plantations (dendrological orchard and dendrological park) and urban forest in north-eastern part of the Moscow region was under study. Natural regeneration and undergrowth under forest area canopy, biological groups under individual tree crown cover were taken into account. Softwood hardwood tree species natural seed regeneration adaptation potential has been assessed. Complete lack of seed regeneration in the said sites tree species adaptation was assessed as unsatisfactory. With available viable natural seed regeneration tree species adaptation was considered satisfactory or good depending on available seed regeneration and undergrowth. Softwood species adaptation in all studied sites was found unsatisfactory while red and common oaks, Manchurian walnut, Norway maple and European white elm -satisfactory or good. It was found that small red oak undergrowth after 1st mechanical damage lose its central shoot and shape substitution shoot at 30-40 angle but after 2nd damage such plant dies. Adaptation of other studied hardwood tree species was regarded unsatisfactory. To promote bio-diversity conservation, recovery of ground air layer, attraction of urban parks and forests it is recommended to use the following tree species: oaks red and common, Manchurian walnut (in loam soils), Norway maple and European white elm.
Methodological Aspects of Snow Water Supplies Assessment Based on Kanopus-V Satellite Imagery Data
Authors: Сидоренков В.М. , Астапов Д.О. , Ачиколова Ю.С. , Алентьев Ю.Ю. 
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены методические подходы к оценке запаса воды в снеге на основе результатов лесотаксационного дешифрирования, полученных по данным съемки со спутника Канопус-В. Исследования базируются на результатах экспериментальных работ по снегосъемке на территории Истринского стационара Федерального бюджетного учреждения «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лесоводства и механизации лесного хозяйства» (ФБУ ВНИИЛМ), а также данных таксации 28 пробных площадей. Запасы воды в снеге определены на основе взаимосвязи данного показателя с полнотой, запасом, возрастом и количеством деревьев в насаждении. Результаты исследований имеют важное значение при расчете запасов воды в снеге с использованием спутниковой съемки в летний и зимний периоды для определения основных таксационных характеристик насаждений. По итогам проведенной работы выполнено зонирование территории изучаемого района по запасам воды в снеге в феврале–марте 2021 г.
The article discusses methodological approaches to assessing water supplies in snow cover using forestry interpretation data of Kanopus-V satellite imagery. The study analyses materials of snow survey implemented on the territory of Istra research station of All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization (FBU VNIILM), along with forest inventory data of 28 sampling plots. Determination of snow water supplies was carried out concerning its relationships with forest density, standing volume and number of trees. The research results are crucial while estimating snow water supplies using summer and winter satellite imagery to determine the main forest characteristics. Based on the study results zoning study area according to water content in snow cover for the period of February-March 2021 was implemented.