bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disability trajectories by progression independent of relapse activity status differ in pediatric, adult and late-onset multiple sclerosis
Authors: Simone Marta , Lucisano Giuseppe , Guerra Tommaso , Paolicelli Damiano , Rocca Maria A. , Brescia Morra Vincenzo , Patti Francesco , Annovazzi Pietro , Gasperini Claudio , De Luca Giovanna , Ferraro Diana , Margari Lucia , Granella Franco , Pozzilli Carlo , Romano Silvia , Perini Paola , Bergamaschi Roberto , Coniglio Maria Gabriella , Lus Giacomo , Vianello Marika , Lugaresi Alessandra , Portaccio Emilio , Filippi Massimo , Amato Maria Pia , Iaffaldano Pietro ,   the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Register
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
To compare Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) trajectories over time between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) groups with pediatric (POMS), adult (AOMS) and late (LOMS) onset, and between patients with and without progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA).

Methods
Patients with a first visit within 1 year from onset, ≥ 5-year follow-up and ≥ 1 visit every 6 months were selected from the Italian MS Register. Adjusted disability trajectories were assessed by longitudinal models for repeated measures. Comparisons between groups and between patients with and without PIRA in subgroups were performed by evaluating the yearly differences of mean EDSS score changes versus baseline (delta-EDSS).
A first CDA event was defined as a 6-months confirmed disability increase from study baseline, measured by EDSS (increase ≥ 1.5 points with baseline EDSS = 0; ≥ 1.0 with baseline EDSS score ≤ 5.0 and ≥ 0.5 point with baseline EDSS > 5.5).
PIRA was defined as a CDA event occurring more than 90 days after and more than 30 days before the onset of a relapse.

Results
3777 MS patients (268 POMS, 3282 AOMS, 227 LOMS) were included. The slope of disability trajectories significantly diverged in AOMS vs POMS starting from the second year of follow-up (Year 2: delta2-EDSS 0.18 (0.05; 0.31), p = 0.0054) and then mean delta2-EDSS gradually increased up to 0.23 (0.07; 0.39, p = 0.004) at year 5. Patients with PIRA had significant (p < 0.0001) steeper increase in EDSS scores than those without PIRA in all groups, although in POMS, the disability trajectories began to diverge later and at a lesser extent with delta-EDSS score of 0.48 vs 0.83 in AOMS and 1.57 in LOMS, at 3 years after the first PIRA.

Conclusions
Age is relevant in determining disability progression in MS. POMS shows a less steep increase in EDSS scores over time than older patients. The effect of PIRA in accelerating EDSS progression is less pronounced in POMS than in AOMS and LOMS.
Association between vitamin D level and cataract: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jue Zhenzhen , Xu Ziming , Yuen Vincent L. , Chan Odessa Dik San , Yam Jason C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The association between serum vitamin D level and cataract remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the association between vitamin D level and cataract.

Methods
In this study, articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched up to 30 August 2023 and 626 articles were screened. Four studies involving a total of 10,928 subjects with cataract and 10,117 control subjects met the inclusion criteria.

Results
Decreased serum vitamin D level was associated with higher incidence of cataract (P = 0.047; MD: -4.87; 95%CI: [-9.67, -0.07]). In the subgroup analysis by sex, a significant association was found between serum vitamin D level and cataract in both male (P = 0.01, MD: -2.15,95%CI: [-3.83, -0.46]) and female (P < 0.01; MD: -6.67,95%CI: [-8.20, -5.14]).In the subgroup analysis by the types of cataract, significant association was found between serum vitamin D level and nuclear (P < 0.01; MD: -10.48; 95%CI: [-12.72, -8.24]) and posterior subcapsular cataract (P = 0.02; MD: -6.05; 95%CI: [-11.30, -0.80]) but not in cortical cataract (P = 0.14; MD: -6.74; 95%CI: [-15.70, 2.22]).

Conclusion
This meta-analysis revealed potential association between serum vitamin D level and cataract, more significant in female, and the subtypes of nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract.
Scoping review for the SAGES EAES joint collaborative on sustainability in surgical practice
Authors: Huo Bright , Eussen M. M. M. , Marconi Stefania , Johnson Shaneeta M. , Francis Nader , Oslock Wendelyn M. , Marfo Nana , Potapov Oleksii , Bello Ricardo J. , Lim Robert B. , Vandeberg Jonathan , Hall Ryan P. , EdM Adnan Alseidi M. D. , Sanchez-Casalongue Manuel , Alimi Yewande R. , Pietrabissa Andrea , Arezzo Alberto , Frountzas Maximos , Bellato Vittoria , Barach Paul , Rems Miran , Nijihawan Sheetal , Sathe Tejas S. , Miller Benjamin , Samreen Sarah , Chung Jimmy , Bouvy N. D. , Sylla Patricia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Surgical care in the operating room (OR) contributes one-third of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in healthcare. The European Association of Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) and the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) initiated a joint Task Force to promote sustainability within minimally invasive gastrointestinal surgery.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted by searching MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase via Elsevier, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus on August 25th, 2023 to identify articles reporting on the impact of gastrointestinal surgical care on the environment. The objectives were to establish the terminology, outcome measures, and scope associated with sustainable surgical practice. Quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics.

Results
We screened 22,439 articles to identify 85 articles relevant to anesthesia, general surgical practice, and gastrointestinal surgery. There were 58/85 (68.2%) cohort studies and 12/85 (14.1%) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies. The most commonly measured outcomes were kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents (kg CO2eq), cost of resource consumption in US dollars or euros, surgical waste in kg, water consumption in liters, and energy consumption in kilowatt-hours. Surgical waste production and the use of anesthetic gases were among the largest contributors to the climate impact of surgical practice. Educational initiatives to educate surgical staff on the climate impact of surgery, recycling programs, and strategies to restrict the use of noxious anesthetic gases had the highest impact in reducing the carbon footprint of surgical care. Establishing green teams with multidisciplinary champions is an effective strategy to initiate a sustainability program in gastrointestinal surgery.

Conclusion
This review establishes standard terminology and outcome measures used to define the environmental footprint of surgical practices. Impactful initiatives to achieve sustainability in surgical practice will require education and multidisciplinary collaborations among key stakeholders including surgeons, researchers, operating room staff, hospital managers, industry partners, and policymakers.
Diet and physical activity advice for colorectal cancer survivors: critical synthesis of public-facing guidance
Authors: Fretwell Anna , Dobson Christina , Orange Samuel T. , Corfe Bernard M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors report that diet and physical activity guidance from healthcare professionals following discharge from care is limited. Survivors seek advice from alternative sources. This study critically synthesised the English language diet and physical activity guidance available online for CRC survivors.

Methods
We conducted an internet search to identify national cancer organisations (NCO) in countries with high CRC incidence rates. We searched NCO website content for guidance related to diet and physical activity. Recommendations were categorised by cancer phase (prevention/survivorship), cancer type, and the intended outcome (health or cancer-control–CRC recurrence/CRC-specific mortality). A synthesised guideline was derived from recommendations consistently made by at least half of the sources.

Results
We identified 12 NCOs from six countries, by whom 27 diet and physical activity recommendations were made. For CRC prevention, over 80% of recommendations were aimed at improving cancer-control outcomes. For CRC survivorship, less than 40% of recommendations were aimed at improving cancer-control outcomes. Physical activity was the only recommendation present on more than 50% of NCO websites aimed at improving cancer-control outcomes for CRC survivorship.

Conclusion
Diet and physical activity guidance for CRC survivors on NCO websites is limited and primarily based on recommendations for improving general health, not improving cancer-control outcomes. NCO websites frequently refer survivors to primary prevention guidance, potentially reflecting the lack of evidence specific to CRC survivorship. There is a need for diet and physical activity advice for survivors that is evidence-based, comprehensive, and consistent across organisations and tailored to specific cancer sites.
Gene pointNet for tumor classification
Authors: Lu Hao , Rezapour Mostafa , Baha Haseebullah , Niazi Muhammad Khalid Khan , Narayanan Aarthi , Gurcan Metin Nafi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rising incidence of cancer underscores the imperative for innovative diagnostic and prognostic methodologies. This study delves into the potential of RNA-Seq gene expression data to enhance cancer classification accuracy. Introducing a pioneering approach, we model gene expression data as point clouds, capitalizing on the data's intrinsic properties to bolster classification performance. Utilizing PointNet, a typical technique for processing point cloud data, as our framework's cornerstone, we incorporate inductive biases pertinent to gene expression and pathways. This integration markedly elevates model efficacy, culminating in developing an end-to-end deep learning classifier with an accuracy rate surpassing 99%. Our findings not only illuminate the capabilities of AI-driven models in the realm of oncology but also highlight the criticality of acknowledging biological dataset nuances in model design. This research provides insights into application of deep learning in medical science, setting the stage for further innovation in cancer classification through sophisticated biological data analysis. The source code for our study is accessible at: https://github.com/cialab/GPNet.
Effectiveness assessment and simulation of a wearable guiding device for ship evacuation
Authors: Braidotti Luca , Bertagna Serena , Bucci Vittorio , Marino’ Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe evacuation of a modern passenger ship is a challenging task which might be hindered by a complex ship’s internal layout and/or the blocking of escape routes due to fire/flooding. In this work, the application of mobile technology to reduce travel time is investigated. A pilot system has been developed and tested on the RoPax ship GNV Bridge. It is composed of a server and a mobile application running on wearable smartbands. The guidance and localisation of devices have been carried out through Bluetooth beacons. A test area has been identified on GNV Bridge including 2 cabins corridors on deck 6 and the main lounge on deck 5. The corridors and the lounge are connected by three staircases, defining three alternative escape routes starting from cabins and arriving at the muster station in the main lounge. In the trials, the escape routes have been randomly blocked to assess the reduction of travel time achieved providing guidance through wearable devices to a sample population. It resulted in a 16.9% reduction in travel time. Besides, a strategy to simulate with a certified tool the effect of a guiding system has been defined. This is essential to make trials’ results transferable in different environments (e.g., other RoPax or cruise ships). In particular, experimental data coming from the trials have been used to assess agents’ speed reduction rate due to mobile device consultation. Although available experimental data were limited by the pandemic, the 2.5% agent’s speed reduction applicable to simulations has been assessed as most probable.
Machine learning augmented branch and bound for mixed integer linear programming
Authors: Scavuzzo Lara , Aardal Karen , Lodi Andrea , Yorke-Smith Neil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is a pillar of mathematical optimization that offers a powerful modeling language for a wide range of applications. The main engine for solving MILPs is the branch-and-bound algorithm. Adding to the enormous algorithmic progress in MILP solving of the past decades, in more recent years there has been an explosive development in the use of machine learning for enhancing all main tasks involved in the branch-and-bound algorithm. These include primal heuristics, branching, cutting planes, node selection and solver configuration decisions. This article presents a survey of such approaches, addressing the vision of integration of machine learning and mathematical optimization as complementary technologies, and how this integration can benefit MILP solving. In particular, we give detailed attention to machine learning algorithms that automatically optimize some metric of branch-and-bound efficiency. We also address appropriate MILP representations, benchmarks and software tools used in the context of applying learning algorithms.
The effects of dabrafenib and/or trametinib treatment in Braf V600-mutant glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lei Jun , Liu Yanhui , Fan Yingjun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of dabrafenib and/or trametinib therapy in BRAF v600-mutant glioma treatment. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from inception to Sep 2023. Inclusion criteria were designed based on the PICO principle to select relevant articles. Search keywords included ‘dabrafenib’, ‘trametinib’, ‘glioma’ and other related keywords. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), adverse events (AEs), and death events. Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) was used to assess the methodological quality. Stata 14.0 was selected to perform the Cochrane Q and I2 statistics to test the heterogeneity among all studies. As for publication bias assessment and sensitivity analysis, the funnel plot, Egger regression test, Begg test, and trim and fill method were selected. Including 8 studies for meta-analysis. The pooled results of the single-arm trials showed that the median PFS and median OS after treatment were 6.10 months and 22.73 months, respectively. Notably, this study found a high incidence of AEs and death events of 50% and 43% after treatment. All the above findings were statistically significant. Also, this study statistically supported the advantage of disease response improvement after the combination therapy in BRAF v600-mutant glioma patients, which were shown as a pooled rate of PR (30%), a pooled rate of CR (18%), and a pooled rate of ORR (39%). And the AE rate was lower in the monotherapy group (AE: 25%) than in the combination treatment group (AE: 60%). Sensitivity analysis indicated that all the results were robust. Based on current literature outcomes, dabrafenib and/or trametinib may lead to the median PFS of 6.10 months and median OS as 22.73 months for BRAF v600-mutant glioma patients, and the safety of monotherapy is better than that of combination therapy. This conclusion needs to be treated with caution and further verified.
The (In)visibilisation of Gypsies, Roma, and Travellers in higher education equality, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) initiatives in England and Wales
Authors: Morgan Julia , Marsh Hazel , Clark Colin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGypsies, Roma and Travellers are under-represented as students in higher education in England and Wales. Moreover, the communities rarely feature in equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) strategies and practices including race equality initiatives. Drawing upon the reflections and experiences of 14 equality, diversity and inclusion staff across 11 universities (7 post-1992 and 4 pre-1992) in England and Wales, we explore the technologies through which Gypsies, Roma and Travellers are made (in)visible in university EDI discursive spaces. Interview participants included Gypsy, Roma and Traveller academics; subject librarians; Deans of EDI; Widening Participation Managers; Inclusion and Equality Advisors and Managers; and Researchers and Leads on Race Equality Charters and Decolonising the Curriculum. Through inductively analysing our findings, we suggest that the normalisation of neoliberalism across the higher education academy in England and Wales has resulted in Gypsies, Roma and Travellers being constructed as ‘irregular’ in higher education EDI discourse. We demonstrate how neoliberal-informed discursive rules, acting as ‘systems of exclusion’, control what is seen as a legitimate concern and support higher education institutions to intentionally ‘look through’ inequality issues affecting the communities. Informational difficulties, institutional focus on ‘value for money’ and numbers of students which prioritise the market-driven ‘business case’ over social justice, act as technologies of invisibilisation, positioning these diverse communities as not being ‘within the true’ in relation to institutional neoliberal discourses and ‘regimes of truth’. This culminates in ‘institutional inertia’ and neglect towards EDI issues, further contributing to the under-representation of Gypsies, Roma and Travellers in higher education.
Constant returns-to-scale production technologies with fixed ratio inputs and outputs
Authors: Olesen Ole Bent , Papaioannou Grammatoula , Podinovski Victor V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In practical applications of data envelopment analysis, inputs and outputs are often stated as ratio measures, including various percentages and proportions characterizing the production process. Such ratio measures are inconsistent with the basic assumptions of convexity and scalability required by the conventional variable and constant returns-to-scale (VRS and CRS) models. This issue has been addressed by the development of the Ratio-VRS (R-VRS) and Ratio-CRS (R-CRS) models of technology, both of which can incorporate volume and ratio inputs and outputs. In this paper, we provide a detailed standalone development of the special case of the R-CRS technology, referred to as the F-CRS technology, in which all ratio inputs and outputs are of the fixed type. Such ratio measures can be used to represent environmental and quality characteristics of the production process that stay constant while simultaneously allowing the scaling of the volume of production. We illustrate the use of the F-CRS technology by an application in the context of school education.
Hydrotreated vegetable oil migrates through soil and degrades faster than fossil diesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil-fossil diesel blend
Authors: Lahti-Leikas Katariina , Niemistö Emilia , Talvenmäki Harri , Saartama Niina , Sun Yan , Mercier Léon , Romantschuk Martin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHVO has been noted as a more sustainable fuel, not only leading to lower total CO2 emissions, but also resulting in lower emissions of toxic substances upon fuel burning. The environmental impact of HVO and HVO diesel blends when accidentally spilled into the soil and ground water has, however, received little attention. While HVO and diesel exhibit nearly identical viscosity and density, their behavior in soils differs due to varying water solubility and fuel additives. In laboratory- and pilot-scale soil columns and lysimeters, we compared the migration and biostimulation-enhanced degradation of HVO, HVO-diesel blend (HVO15), and fossil diesel over 120 days. Additionally, we investigated the impact of fuel additives on migration by comparing HVO without additives to HVO15 and diesel in wet and dry soil columns over 21 days. Notably, HVO migrated through soil more rapidly and in greater quantities than diesel. In wet soil, 69% of added HVO, 8.4% of HVO15, and 21% of diesel leached through as light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL). Dry soil showed smaller differences in fuel migration, but HVO did not mobilize when water was added, unlike HVO15 and diesel. Biostimulation reduced HVO leaching by 15% more than HVO15 and 48% more than diesel. Overall, HVO’s behavior in soil differs significantly from fossil diesel, with factors like lower water solubility, reduced mobilization from dry soil, and higher in situ degradability contributing to its reduced environmental risk compared to fossil fuel alternatives in accident scenarios.
Induction With and Without Natural Properties: a New Approach to the New Riddle of Induction
Authors: Thorn Paul D. , Schurz Gerhard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDrawing on past work, we introduce a new approach to the New Riddle of Induction, showing that the inductive projection of gruesome properties is unreliable under particular ideal conditions that are sufficient for the reliable inductive projection of non-gruesome properties. As an auxiliary to our account, we introduce rules for resolving conflicts between background information and the conclusions of otherwise reliable inductive inferences. Our approach to the New Riddle of Induction is quite permissive in the range of properties it recognizes as suitable for inductive projection, allowing for the inductive projection of highly gerrymandered non-natural properties. However, as an addendum to our discussion of the New Riddle, we show that natural properties do form a more reliable basis for inductive projection in cases where one’s sample is small.
Striving to learn and feeling well? The effects of students’ achievement goal-orientation on their psychological and physical well-being over one school year
Authors: Hoferichter Frances , Schlesier Juliane 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStudents’ motivation and well-being are not only highly relevant for success at school, they also facilitate students’ inherent growth, optimal functioning, and health. However, both motivation and well-being tend to decline over the school year, presenting a risk for students’ academic achievement and health. Although both constructs are closely related, longitudinal evidence of their relationship is still lacking. Following achievement goal theory and the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, it is the goal of the current study to explore how achievement goal-orientation is related to students’ physical and psychological well-being. A total of 733 seventh- and eighth-grade students (MAge = 14.73, SD = 0.69; 52% girls) participated in the study, completing the questionnaire once at the beginning and again at the end of the school year. By applying path analysis in Mplus, this study shows that students who tend to exhibit an avoidance goal orientation at the beginning of the school year tend to report lower levels of psychological and physical well-being at the end of the school year. Students who exhibit appearance performance approach goals reported higher levels of physical well-being at the end of the school year. Results also indicate that boys tend to report higher physical and psychological well-being at both time points.