bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in Hemodynamic Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension at Large Referral Centers
Authors: Pugh Meredith E. , Hemnes Anna R. , Trammell Aaron , Newman John H. , Robbins Ivan M. 
Published: October 2014

Despite consensus guidelines for right heart catheterization (RHC) in the diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), considerable differences exist in the performance of RHC, interpretation of hemodynamic data, and frequency of RHC performance in patients with established disease. These differences may lead to variability in diagnosis or treatment of PAH. We sought to gather information on the standard practice of RHC for the diagnosis and management of PAH from experienced pulmonary vascular disease specialists. We developed a semiquantitative online survey of diagnosis and treatment patterns of pulmonary hypertension and distributed it to physicians at pulmonary hypertension centers in the United States. Thirty of 50 physicians completed the survey: 20 pulmonologists and 10 cardiologists, all of whom reported treating >100 patients with PAH in the past year. All respondents perform RHC in ≥90% of patients with suspected PAH. All physicians determine the pulmonary wedge pressure at end expiration; however, only half of respondents personally review tracings. Physicians differed in frequency of vasodilator testing (8 of 24 performed testing in >90% of patients with PAH), fluid challenge and exercise (19 of 30 performed testing in <25% of patients with PAH for both). Most physicians (70%) report repeating RHC between 6 months and 1 year after PAH treatment initiation. Variability exists in the interpretation of hemodynamic tracings and performance of vasodilator, fluid, and exercise challenges in the management of PAH by experienced physicians in the United States. Additional consensus guidelines delineating appropriate adjunctive testing to standardize the diagnosis of PAH are needed.
Intravenous Anesthetic Propofol Inhibits Multiple Human Cardiac Potassium Channels
Authors: Yang Lei , Liu Hui , Sun Hai-Ying , Li Gui-Rong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAbstract
Propofol blocks several important potassium currents including I
Kur in human atrial myocytes or stably expressing cell lines and prolongs the action potential in human atria. The findings have particular relevance to the understanding of the potential antitachycardia and antiatrial fibrillation effects of propofol on our patients.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background:
Propofol is widely used clinically for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Clinical case reports have shown that propofol has an antiatrial tachycardia/fibrillation effect; however, the related ionic mechanisms are not fully understood. The current study investigates the effects of propofol on human cardiac potassium channels.

Methods:
The whole cell patch voltage clamp technique was used to record transient outward potassium current (I
to) and ultrarapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current (I
Kur) in human atrial myocytes and hKv1.5, human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG), and hKCNQ1/hKCNE1 channels stably expressed in HEK 293 cells. Current clamp mode was used to record action potentials in human atrial myocytes.

Results:
In human atrial myocytes, propofol inhibited I
to in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 33.5 ± 2.0 μM for peak current, n = 6) by blocking open channels without affecting the voltage-dependent kinetics or the recovery time constant; propofol decreased I
Kur (IC50 = 35.3 ± 1.9 μM, n = 6) in human atrial myocytes and inhibited hKv1.5 current expressed in HEK 293 cells by preferentially binding to the open channels. Action potential duration at 90% repolarization was slightly prolonged by 30 μM propofol in human atrial myocytes. In addition, propofol also suppressed hERG and hKCNQ1/hKCNE1 channels expressed in HEK 293 cells.

Conclusion:
Propofol inhibits multiple human cardiac potassium channels, including human atrial I
to and I
Kur, as well as hKv1.5, hERG, and hKCNQ1/hKCNE1 channels stably expressed in HEK 293 cells, and slightly prolongs human atrial action potential duration, which may contribute to the antiatrial tachycardia/fibrillation effects observed in patients who receive propofol.
Circulating MicroRNAs as Noninvasive Diagnostic Biomarkers of Liver Disease in Children With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Cook Naomi L. , Pereira Tamara N. , Lewindon Peter J. , Shepherd Ross W. , Ramm Grant A. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Cystic fibrosis liver disease (CFLD), resulting from progressive hepatobiliary fibrosis, causes significant morbidity and mortality in up to 20% of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Both pathogenesis and early detection of CFLD are elusive. Current diagnostic procedures to detect early CFLD and stage fibrosis severity are inadequate. Recent studies highlight a role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of many diseases and have suggested that serum miRNAs could be used as diagnostic biomarkers.Methods:We profiled circulating serum miRNA levels in patients with CFLD (n = 52), patients with CF without liver disease (CFnoLD, n = 30), and non‐CF pediatric controls (n = 20). Extracted RNA was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array of 84 miRNAs detectable in human serum. Seven candidate miRNAs identified were validated by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), normalizing data to geNorm‐determined stable reference genes, miR‐19b and miR‐93.Results:miR‐122 was significantly elevated in patients with CFLD versus patients with CFnoLD and controls (P < 0.0001). miR‐25 (P = 0.0011) and miR‐21 (P = 0.0133) were elevated in patients with CFnoLD versus patients with CFLD and controls. CFLD was discriminated by both miR‐122 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.71, P = 0.002) and miR‐25 (AUC 0.65, P = 0.026). Logistic regression combining 3 miRNAs (‐122, ‐25, ‐21) was greatly predictive of detecting CFLD (AUC 0.78, P < 0.0001). A combination of 6 miRNAs (‐122, ‐21, ‐25, ‐210, ‐148a, ‐19a) distinguished F0 from F3–F4 fibrosis (AUC 0.73, P = 0.04), and miR‐210 combined with miR‐22 distinguished F0 fibrosis from any fibrosis, that is, F1–F4 (AUC 0.72, P = 0.02).Conclusions:These data provide the first evidence of changes to circulating miRNA levels in CF, suggesting that serum‐based miRNA analysis may complement and extend current CFLD screening strategies with potential to predict early hepatic fibrosis.
Comparison of WHO and CDC Growth Charts in Predicting Pulmonary Outcomes in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Machogu Evans , Cao Yumei , Miller Tami , Simpson Pippa , Levy Hara , Quintero Diana , Goday Praveen S. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:The relation of weight‐for‐length (WFL) and weight‐for‐age (WFA) measurements with pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) using the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards has not been evaluated. The objective of the present study was to show that the relation of WFL and WFA measurements at 2 years with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) at 6 to 8 years differs when using the WHO versus the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts.Methods:We assessed 1155 patients in the CF Foundation Patient Registry born between 2001 and 2004. Comparisons were made between the CDC and WHO growth charts.Results:The WFL percentiles are significantly higher for the WHO growth standards compared with those for the CDC growth charts (median and interquartile range [IQR] WHO—64.8 [41.7–84.9], CDC—48.1 [23.7–75.7], P < 0.0001). WFL and WFA percentiles at 2 years on both charts are strongly associated with FEV1 at 6 to 8 years of age. The FEV1 at 6 to 8 years was statistically significantly lower for children who were classified as reaching a WFL ≥50th percentile at 2 years by WHO standards alone versus those who qualified by both growth charts (median and IQR 103 [94–115] vs 107 [96–117], P < 0.05). Continued weight gain between 2 and 6 years was associated with a higher lung function at age 6 to 8 years.Conclusions:Although children attaining the 50th WFL percentile on the WHO growth chart by age 2 years have a lower FEV1 at 6 years than children attaining the same percentile on the CDC chart, both groups of children attain clinically normal FEV1. Further studies are needed to determine whether this difference is clinically meaningful.
In Vivo Ultrasound Assessment of Gastric Emptying in Newborn Mice
Authors: Welsh Christopher , Jarrin Jose , Daneman Alan , Belik Jaques 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the present study was to develop an ultrasonographic approach to comparatively assess gastric emptying in newborn wild‐type and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase knockout hph‐1 mice, because we previously reported gastroparesis early in life in this strain.Methods:Stomach transverse, anteroposterior, and longitudinal ultrasonographic measurements were obtained with a 40‐MHz transducer in pups immediately after maternal separation and 4 hours later. A conventional equation was used and the predicted values validated by obtaining postmortem gastric content volume measurements. Wild‐type and hph‐1 mice gastric emptying rates were comparatively evaluated at 1 to 3 and 5 to 8 days of age, respectively.Results:The ultrasound equation closely predicted the newborn stomach content volumes with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.93 and 0.81 (P < 0.01) for measurements obtained on full stomach and after 4 hours of fasting, respectively. In wild‐type mice, gastric emptying was age dependent and associated with a greater residual volume at 1 to 3 days (65% ± 7%), as compared with 5‐ to 8‐day‐old pups (33% ± 4%; P < 0.01), after fasting. In contrast, an equal duration of fasting resulted in a significantly greater residual gastric content volume in 5‐ to 8‐day‐old hph‐1 mice (68% ± 7%; P < 0.01), as compared with same‐age wild‐type mice.Conclusions:Ultrasonography offers a sensitive and accurate estimate of gastric content volume in newborn mice. In wild‐type newborn mice, gastric emptying rate is age dependent and significantly reduced in the immediate postnatal period. The newborn hph‐1 mice have a significantly higher gastric residual volume, as compared with wild‐type same‐age animals.
A STRESS-RESPONSIVE NAC1-Regulated Protein Phosphatase Gene RiceProtein Phosphatase18Modulates Drought and Oxidative Stress Tolerance through Abscisic Acid-Independent Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging in Rice
Authors: You Jun , Zong Wei , Hu Honghong , Li Xianghua , Xiao Jinghua , Xiong Lizhong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPlants respond to abiotic stresses through a complexity of signaling pathways, and the dephosphorylation mediated by protein phosphatase (PP) is an important event in this process. We identified a rice (Oryza sativa) PP2C gene, OsPP18, as a STRESS-RESPONSIVE NAC1 (SNAC1)-regulated downstream gene. The ospp18 mutant was more sensitive than wild-type plants to drought stress at both the seedling and panicle development stages. Rice plants with OsPP18 suppressed through artificial microRNA were also hypersensitive to drought stress. Microarray analysis of the mutant revealed that genes encoding reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes were down-regulated in the ospp18 mutant, and the mutant exhibited reduced activities of ROS scavenging enzymes and increased sensitivity to oxidative stresses. Overexpression of OsPP18 in rice led to enhanced osmotic and oxidative stress tolerance. The expression of OsPP18 was induced by drought stress but not induced by abscisic acid (ABA). Although OsPP18 is a typical PP2C with enzymatic activity, it did not interact with SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2 protein kinases, which function in ABA signaling. Meanwhile, the expression of ABA-responsive genes was not affected in the ospp18 mutant, and the ABA sensitivities of the ospp18 mutant and OsPP18-overexpressing plants were also not altered. Together, these findings suggest that OsPP18 is a unique PP2C gene that is regulated by SNAC1 and confers drought and oxidative stress tolerance by regulating ROS homeostasis through ABA-independent pathways.
Gynetic organisms: pro-anorexic techno bodies
Authors: Connor Geneva , Coombes Leigh 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse pro-anorexia from a discursive, metaphorical standpoint in order to enable an understanding of how pro-anorexia functions as political resistance through technological bodies.Design/methodology/approach– Techno-metaphor is used to reveal how pro-anorexic communities online function through technology.Findings– Six techno-metaphors work to construct pro-anorexic cyborg embodiment through technology. This pro-anorexic cyborg embodiment offers relief from the tensions of patriarchal femininity and provides control over troublesome embodiment. Technology enables women experiencing anorexia to resist the dominant interpretations of their lived experience that subjugate them.Originality/value– This research offers an understanding of pro-anorexia as resistance to intolerable femininity and reconstructed female bodies through technology. By exploiting technological political space, pro-anorexics are claiming positions and forms of embodiment previously off-limits to women and their biological bodies.
World Masters Games 2017: organisational delivery models
Authors: Middleditch Lara , Bradbury Trish 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore how multiple partners could be managed to ensure the successful delivery of the World Masters Games (WMG), 2017. Specifically, its objectives are to understand how event organisers manage relationships with multiple delivery partners, what tools and practices are used to ensure consistency and what risks and benefits exist.

Design/methodology/approach
– An applied, qualitative, exploratory method used thematic analysis to obtain findings from seven semi-structured interviews of senior managers involved in five international sports event held in Australasia.

Findings
– Findings were interpreted into nine themes related to event delivery partnerships such as reducing inconsistency, localising delivery through specialists, managing stakeholder relationships, managing workloads and taking an athlete-centred approach. Recommendations include establishing relationship strategies for each partner, determining the degree of control over delivery, crafting contracts appropriate to each partner, creating a suite of tools to aid consistency, recruiting an executive team with Games/mass participation event experience and a senior management team with sport or venue operations experience, centralising knowledge and planning, up-skilling partners as necessary and fully engaging local communities.

Research limitations/implications
– The sample was restricted to five event organisations and only a small number of participants per organisation were interviewed. This study collected the experiences and opinions from the event organisers’ point of view and did not capture the same from delivery partners.

Originality/value
– The literature revealed little specifically on operational delivery methods adopted by sport events; therefore this study adds to the conversation on sport event delivery models from an outsourcing perspective.
Integrating “self-efficacy” theory to the Motivation-Opportunity-Ability (MOA) model to reveal factors that influence inclusive engagement within local community festivals
Authors: Jepson Allan , Clarke Alan , Ragsdell Gillian 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This study lies within “classical discourse” (Getz, 2010) within festival studies as its context is firmly situated within cultural anthropology and sociology. Unlike previous studies this research is unique in that it integrates social cognitive theory (SCT) which is usually found in psychology discourses. The purpose of this paper is to propose how the Motivation-Opportunity-Ability (MOA) model would benefit from integrating self and group efficacy theory. It achieves this by building on previous analysis of primary data collected in the field at the Utcazene, Street Music Festival, Veszprem, Hungary, (Jepson et al., 2013) using an adapted MOA model.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper analyses previous studies which have tested the MOA model through primary data collection. Following this analysis best practice is and similarities are identified through discussion; then a case is then made to adapt the model to integrate and test Bandura's (1986) concept of self-efficacy based on the benefits it could provide to future research within community festivals and events.

Findings
– This paper has been framed by initial research by Jepson et al. (2013) and Hung et al. (2011) which after analysis revealed that the MOA model was still lacking in its ability to reveal “why” local people were motivated or empowered to engage in the planning of community festivals and events. It has become evident through discussion that measuring self-efficacy has much to contribute in regards to community engagement in the event planning process; moreover there is strong evidence to support its inclusion within the MOA model. It could be used to further inform on the synergy within and between the three disciplines underpinning the model such as the relationship between knowledge, opportunity and ability, as well as reveal new ones between self-efficacy and knowledge, opportunity and ability.

Research limitations/implications
– This is a conceptual paper and therefore is based on theoretical discussion but not on empirical data collected in the field of event studies.

Originality/value
– Very few studies have engaged measurement of community participation within festivals and events. This study is original as it is interdisciplinary and investigates the concerns the roles local community take (as stakeholders), meanings (how local community culture is represented within the festival) and impacts (internal and external festival impacts and how these effect the local community) through established planning frameworks and SCT.
Changing audience behaviour: festival goers and throwaway tents
Authors: Henderson Stephen , Musgrave James 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– To translate theory into a practical tool, the purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework for the development of social marketing strategies to modify event attendee behaviour in a sustainable direction.

Design/methodology/approach
– Consumer value is synthesised with social marketing and consumer behaviour theory to develop the framework. A major problem for festivals (throwaway tents) and current pro-environmental practices are used to determine the framework's applicability.

Findings
– The conceptual framework suggests that achieving desired behaviour(s) within an audience requires consideration of the added value at the downstream level, strategies that recognise offsite/onsite behaviour settings, engagement of upstream advocacy and more attention to the evaluation of success.

Research limitations/implications
– A single low-involvement behaviour example is used to validate the conceptual framework suggesting further work is needed to widen tests of its applicability.

Originality/value
– This paper synthesises theory into a framework that has significant potential as a tool to develop behavioural change strategies at events.
Social network analysis and festival cities: an exploration of concepts, literature and methods
Authors: Jarman David , Theodoraki Eleni , Hall Hazel , Ali-Knight Jane 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– Social network analysis (SNA) is an under-utilised framework for research into festivals and events. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the history of SNA and explore its key concepts, in order that they might be applied to festivals and their environments.

Design/methodology/approach
– Secondary material underpins the paper, primarily SNA literature, tourism studies research and festival industry publications.

Findings
– Festival cities offer dynamic environments in which to investigate the workings of social networks. The importance of such networks has long been recognised within the industry, yet there is scant reflection of this in the event studies literature. Uses of SNA in tourism studies publications offer some precedents.

Originality/value
– This paper emphasises the importance of relationships between people in a festival economy, complementing and building upon stakeholder analyses. A research method is proposed, suitable for application across a diverse range of festivals and events.
The managerial issues related to transferring shop floor knowledge in manufacturing relocation
Authors: Praest Knudsen Mette , Skov Madsen Erik 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the specific practices of management in the dispatching unit and to identify mechanisms for supporting transfer of shop floor knowledge embedded in operating manufacturing equipment.Design/methodology/approach– The paper applies an inductive and a case study approach for exploring three empirical cases that represent different manufacturing facility relocation processes and differences in the applied managerial practices.Findings– The paper identifies two important gaps in international production literature when firms relocate equipment to other sites; a time gap (from dismantling to re-assembly of production facilities) and a space gap (from the current to the new site abroad). These gaps are important for understanding why relocation processes are difficult and what management can do to facilitate such processes.Practical implications– The paper identifies four issues that management faces in the dispatching context when relocating manufacturing facilities.Originality/value– The paper gives new insights to a limited literature of shop floor knowledge transfer when relocating manufacturing facilities.