bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Favourable impact of regular swimming in young people with haemophilia: experience derived from ‘Desafio del Caribe’ project
Authors: Boadas A. , Osorio M. , Gibraltar A. , Rosas M. M. , Berges A. , Herrera E. , Gadea S. , Gutiérrez M. Á. , Salazar F. , Ruiz‐Sáez A. ,   the Desafio del Caribe Project
Published: October 2014

SummarySwimming is beneficial for persons with haemophilia (PWH) providing good maintenance of the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system and improving many psychological characteristics. In the Desafío del Caribe Project, young PWH from Venezuela and Mexico took part in an open water competition in the Gulf of Mexico under a multidisciplinary team supervision. Eight severe haemophilia A, two moderate haemophilia A, one severe haemophilia B and two moderate haemophilia B subjects were included. Haematological, musculoskeletal and psychological evaluations were carried out before and during training for the competition. Training program included physical exercise routines and swimming practices that alternated between pools and open water. Swimmers had coverage with factor concentrates before pool and open water trainings. In physiatric evaluations, the Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) was used. The objective of the psychology area was to analyse self‐esteem, precompetition anxiety, coping mechanisms and relaxation levels. The need of factor prophylaxis before intense trainings was confirmed. In the musculoskeletal system a decrease of elbow pain as well as an increase of muscle strength in the ankles were observed. In the psychological area significant differences between the first and second test in self‐esteem levels, cognitive anxiety and group cohesion were found. PWH must be provided with orientation and encouragement to practice swimming regularly. High competition exercise must be supervised by a multidisciplinary team which must evaluate the pros and cons of the activity to make relevant recommendations.
Facilitating Access to Effective and Appropriate Care for Youth With Mild to Moderate Mental Health Concerns in New Zealand
Authors: Clark Terryann Coralie , Johnson Elizabeth Anne , Kekus Maria , Newman John , Patel Preekesh Suresh , Fleming Theresa , Robinson Elizabeth 
Published: October 2014

ProblemYouth with mild–moderate mental health concerns often go unrecognized, and find access to and the navigation of support services difficult.MethodsA quasi‐experimental pre‐/postintervention design was used to explore the impact of facilitated access to free counseling support using the following outcome measures: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Substance Abuse Choices Scale (SACS), Children's Global Assessment Scale (C‐GAS), alongside consumer feedback questionnaires.FindingsA total of 581 culturally diverse youth aged 10–24 completed the intervention. Those who completed reported significant improvements in global social and psychiatric functioning measured by C‐GAS (p < .001); reduced risk of clinically significant mental health concerns measured by SDQ (p < .001); and reductions in the use and impact of drugs/alcohol measured by SACS (p < .001). Participants and their families/whānau reported that the interventions were safe and appropriate, with perceived increased skill development around coping and communication.ConclusionsThis intervention appears to be an effective and acceptable strategy, particularly for Māori youth and those from lower socioeconomic groups, to reduce mild to moderate mental health symptoms and concerns. This approach could be replicated by other communities wishing to reduce mental health burden for youth by facilitating access to free, culturally appropriate, and accessible counseling via a multidisciplinary and collaborative triage approach.
Eosinophilic oesophagitis: A paediatric update
Authors: Allen Katrina J , Heine Ralf G 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a key differential for gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GOR) in children. It can be difficult for clinicians to decide which patients need referral for the assessment of EoE, which can only be confirmed by histological analysis of endoscopic biopsies. Recent guidelines recommend that EoE can only be diagnosed following the exclusion of GOR through empiric treatment with proton pump inhibitors prior to endoscopy. Some aspects of history are strongly suggestive of EoE: red flags for referral include poor weight gain in the context of reflux symptoms, choking during eating or food impaction. Therapeutic options include dietary allergen elimination or swallowed aerosolised corticosteroids. Other novel therapies have failed to demonstrate benefit, but novel diagnostic biomarkers to enable non‐invasive disease ascertainment and follow‐up show some promise.
Linking Soil Biotic and Abiotic Factors to Apple Replant Disease: a Greenhouse Approach
Authors: Spath Manuela , Insam Heribert , Peintner Ursula , Kelderer Markus , Kuhnert Regina , Franke‐Whittle Ingrid H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractApple replant disease (ARD) is a frequently occurring plant disease, which causes retarded growth and mortality of young apple trees in replanted orchards. The aetiology is not well understood, but soil‐borne micro‐organisms are often discussed as primary causal agents of the replant problem. A greenhouse study was conducted in Laimburg, Italy, with orchard soils from the region, with the aim of obtaining information about the influence of soil biotic and abiotic factors on the aetiology of the disease. Apple rootstocks (M9) were planted into soils cultivated with apple trees that were either fumigated with chloropicrin or not fumigated, as well as mixtures of fumigated and non‐fumigated soils. In addition, uncultivated soils (from the inter‐row, from a fallow plot and from a meadow) were taken as controls. Various parameters were measured after 62 days in a controlled pot assay. Soils fumigated with chloropicrin resulted in higher apple shoot growth and lower microbial biomass carbon than non‐fumigated soils. Uncultivated soils had generally the highest microbial biomass carbon and the highest ergosterol contents. No considerable differences between basal respiration, ergosterol content, pH, electrical conductivity, and most nutrient and metal contents were observed between fumigated and non‐fumigated soils. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis gels of DNA extracted from the soils revealed differences in the fungal, bacterial and actinobacterial communities of the different soils, indicating significant shifts in microbial community composition after chloropicrin treatment. This study indicates biotic factors in soil to be a causal agent of apple replant disease.
Realism and Contingency
Authors: Brock Tom , Carrigan Mark 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper constitutes an extended response to Athanasia Chalari's paper The Causal Impact of Resistance, which suggests that one may derive from internal conversations a causal explanation of resistance. In the context of our engagements with critical realism and digital research into social movements, we review Chalari's main argument, before applying it to a concrete case: the student protests in London, 2010. Whilst our account is sympathetic to Chalari's focus on interiority, we critique the individualism that is implicit in her argument, arguing that it emerges because of an underlying neglect of the relational aspects of resistance. Instead, we offer a relational realist analysis that treats resistance as process within an ontologically stratified account of reality that is mindful of the contingency of political acts. Taking this route, we establish resistance as an emergent relation, generative of distinctive “relational goods” in the context of collective action, which we locate at different levels of reality, as we move from an analysis of individual to collective reflexivity. In doing so we offer a sympathetic critique of Chalari, building on the thought provoking arguments contained within it, whilst also making a contribution to the theorisation of social movements and the “relational turn” within realist social theory (Archer, 2010, 2012).
Erratum: “Leprosy, Legal Mobilization, and the Public Sphere in Japan and South Korea”
Authors: Arrington Celeste L. 
Published: October 2014

[Article in Law & Society Review, Volume 48, Number 3 pp 568–593 (2014)]In the published article cited above, the following error was discovered.On page 587: The last sentence before the conclusion section currently reads:As of mid-2014, Hanvit, which was renamed the Korean Federation of Hansen Associations (Hanguk Hansen Chong Yeonhaphoe) in 2013, continues to work alongside the HHRLG on the two lawsuits concerning forced abortions and vasectomies and on activities to prejudice against people affected by leprosy.The text is incorrect and should read be:As of mid-2014, Hanvit, which was renamed the Korean Federation of Hansen Associations (Hanguk Hansen Chong Yeonhaphoe) in 2013, continues to work alongside the HHRLG on the two lawsuits concerning forced abortions and vasectomies and on activities to reduce prejudice against people affected by leprosy.We apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused.
Contrasting nonstructural carbohydrate dynamics of tropical tree seedlings under water deficit and variability
Authors: O'Brien Michael J. , Burslem David F. R. P. , Caduff Alexa , Tay John , Hector Andy 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Drought regimes can be characterized by the variability in the quantity of rainfall and the duration of rainless periods. However, most research on plant response to drought has ignored the impacts of rainfall variation, especially with regard to the influence of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) in promoting drought resistance.

To test the hypothesis that these components of drought differentially affect NSC dynamics and seedling resistance, we tracked NSC in plant tissues of tropical tree seedlings in response to manipulations of the volume and frequency of water applied.

NSC concentrations decreased in woody tissues under infrequent–high watering but increased under no watering. A faster decline of growth relative to stomatal conductance in the no watering treatment was consistent with NSC accumulation as a result of an uncoupling of growth and photosynthesis, while usage of stored NSCs in woody tissues to maintain function may account for the NSC decline under infrequent–high watering.

NSCs, and specifically stem NSCs, contributed to drought resistance under severe water deficits, while NSCs had a less clear role in drought resistance to variability in water availability. The contrasting response of NSCs to water variability and deficit indicates that unique processes support seedling resistance to these components of drought.
Involvement of vacuolar H+‐ATPase in killing of human melanoma cells by the sphingosine kinase analogue FTY720
Authors: Tay Kwang Hong , Liu Xiaoying , Chi Mengna , Jin Lei , Jiang Chen Chen , Guo Su Tang , Verrills Nicole M. , Tseng Hsin‐Yi , Zhang Xu Dong 
Published: October 2014

SummaryTargeting the sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor (S1PR) signalling axis is emerging as a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer. However, the effect of such an approach on survival of human melanoma cells remains less understood. Here, we show that the sphingosine analogue FTY720 that functionally antagonises S1PRs kills human melanoma cells through a mechanism involving the vacuolar H+‐ATPase activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that FTY720‐triggered cell death is characterized by features of necrosis and is not dependent on receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 or lysosome cathepsins, nor was it associated with the activation of protein phosphatase 2A. Instead, it is mediated by increased production of reactive oxygen species and is antagonized by activation of autophagy. Collectively, these results suggest that FTY720 and its analogues are promising candidates for further development as new therapeutic agents in the treatment of melanoma.
Increased prefrontal hemodynamic change after atomoxetine administration in pediatric attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder as measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Ota Toyosaku , Iida Junzo , Nakanishi Yoko , Sawada Satomi , Matsuura Hiroki , Yamamuro Kazuhiko , Ueda Shotaro , Uratani Mitsuhiro , Kishimoto Naoko , Negoro Hideki , Kishimoto Toshifumi 
Published: October 2014

AimAtomoxetine, approved in Japan for the treatment of pediatric attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in April 2009, is a nonstimulant that is thought to act presynaptically via the inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake. Near‐infrared spectroscopy is a non‐invasive optical tool that can be used to study oxygenation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex. The present study examined the effects of a clinical dose of atomoxetine on changes in prefrontal hemodynamic activity in children with ADHD, as measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy using the Stroop Color–Word Task.MethodsTen children with ADHD participated in the present study. We used 24‐channel near‐infrared spectroscopy to measure the relative concentrations of oxyhemoglobin in the frontal lobes of participants in the drug‐naïve condition and those who had received atomoxetine for 8 weeks. Measurements were conducted every 0.1 s during the Stroop Color–Word Task. We used the ADHD Rating Scale‐IV‐Japanese version (Home Version) to evaluate ADHD symptoms.ResultsWe found a significant decrease in ADHD Rating Scale‐IV‐Japanese version scores, from 30.7 to 22.6 (P = 0.003). During the Stroop Color–Word Task, we found significantly higher levels of oxyhemoglobin changes in the prefrontal cortex of participants in the atomoxetine condition compared with those in the drug‐naïve condition.ConclusionsThis increase in oxyhemoglobin changes might indicate an intensified prefrontal hemodynamic response induced by atomoxetine. Near‐infrared spectroscopy is a sensitive tool for measuring the pharmacological effects of atomoxetine in children with ADHD.
A Big Prince in a Tiny Realm: Smallness, Monarchy, and Political Legitimacy in the Principality of Liechtenstein
Authors: Veenendaal Wouter P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Principality of Liechtenstein challenges the prevailing view in political science that ‘small is democratic.’ Located in the heart of Western Europe, the Principality is ruled by a monarch with extensive political powers. The present article examines how the smallness of the Principality contributes to the maintenance of powerful traditional leadership, and which strategies are used to legitimize the Liechtensteiner system vis‐à‐vis its population. On the basis of interviews with Liechtensteiner respondents, it is found that the smallness of Liechtenstein contributes to the position of the monarchy due to (1) the lack of alternative sources of identification, (2) the perception of the Prince as a neutral arbiter standing above the quarreling political factions, and (3) the dominant cultural code that limits citizens' opportunities to criticize the monarchy. The article highlights several ways in which the Prince has sought to legitimize his own position, and to undercut the criticism against him.
Low birth weight followed by postnatal over‐nutrition in the guinea pig exposes a predominant player in the development of vascular dysfunction
Authors: Thompson Jennifer A. , Sarr Ousseynou , Piorkowska Karolina , Gros Robert , Regnault Timothy R. H. 
Published: October 2014

Key points
Suboptimal intrauterine conditions and consequent intrauterine growth reduction (IUGR), resulting in low birth weight (LBW), increase the risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease in adulthood.
LBW offspring who experience an accelerated growth in childhood have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than those who grow more slowly, suggesting that the postnatal environment interacts with programmed deficits in organ function to influence disease risk.
We show here that arterial stiffening in LBW guinea pig offspring is exacerbated with postnatal feeding of a Western diet, suggesting that IUGR confers heightened vascular susceptibility to postnatal risk factors and thus may contribute to an individual's total risk score.
Our results also demonstrate that the independent effect of the intrauterine environment on vascular function in young adult guinea pigs is greater than the effect of a postnatal Western diet, thus highlighting the importance of prenatal factors on long‐term vascular health.
AbstractThe association between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and hypertension is well established, yet the interaction between IUGR and other pathogenic contributors remains ill‐defined. This study examined the independent and interactive effects of fetal growth reduction resulting in low birth weight (LBW), and postnatal Western diet (WD) on vascular function. Growth reduction was induced in pregnant guinea pigs by uterine artery ablation. LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) offspring were randomly assigned to a control diet (CD) or a WD. In young adulthood, length–tension curves were generated in aortic rings and responses to methacholine (MCh) were evaluated in the carotid and aorta using wire myography. Relative to NBW/CD, aortae of NBW/WD offspring were stiffer, as determined by a leftward shift in the length–tension curve, yet the shift in the LBW/CD curve was considerably greater. Aortic stiffening was most severe in LBW/WD (slope: NBW/CD, 1.97 ± 0.04; NBW/WD, 2.16 ± 0.04; LBW/CD, 2.28 ± 0.05; LBW/WD, 2.34 ± 0.07). Maximal responses (Emax) to MCh were significantly blunted in the aorta of LBW/CD vs. NBW/CD (P < 0.05) and in LBW/WD vs. NBW/WD offspring (P < 0.05); but WD alone had no influence on MCh responses. Emax values for carotid responses to MCh were reduced in LBW/CD vs. NBW/CD (P < 0.05). Thus, aortic stiffening was influenced more by LBW than by a postnatal WD and the most severe stiffening was observed in LBW/WD offspring. In contrast, blunted endothelial responses in LBW/CD offspring were not exacerbated by WD. IUGR may have a greater independent impact on vascular function than a postnatal WD.
Complete Genome Sequence of West Nile Virus Strains Used for the Formulation of CBER/FDA RNA Reference Reagents and Lot Release Panels for Nucleic Acid Testing
Authors: Grinev Andriyan , Añez Germán , Rios Maria 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
We report the complete sequences of two West Nile virus strains (FDA-Hu02 and NY99) used for the formulation of CBER/FDA RNA reference reagents and lot release panels for use with nucleic acid technology testing.
Genome Sequence of the Plant Endophyte Bacillus pumilus INR7, Triggering Induced Systemic Resistance in Field Crops
Authors: Jeong Haeyoung , Choi Soo-Keun , Kloepper Joseph W. , Ryu Choong-Min 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Bacillus pumilus
INR7 is an endophytic bacterium that has been commercialized as a biological control product against soilborne pathogens as well as foliar pathogens by direct antagonism and induction of systemic resistance. In the current study, we provide the genome sequence and a possible explanation of the function of strain INR7.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Korean Strain KIT87190
Authors: Park Young Kil , Kang Heeyoon , Yoo Heekyung , Lee Seung Heon , Roh Hanseong , Kim Hee Jin , Ryoo Sungweon 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is a contagious agent that causes tuberculosis. A specific type (called the K cluster) of
M. tuberculosis
with 10 copies of IS
6110
in restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) has been found in about 4% of
M. tuberculosis
isolates in Korea. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
M. tuberculosis
Korean strain KIT87190 belonging to the K cluster.
Draft Genome Sequence of Rhizobium rhizogenes Strain ATCC 15834
Authors: Kajala Kaisa , Coil David A. , Brady Siobhan M. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome of
Rhizobium rhizogenes
strain ATCC 15834. The genome contains 7,070,307 bp in 43 scaffolds.
R. rhizogenes
, also known as
Agrobacterium rhizogenes
, is a plant pathogen that causes hairy root disease. This hairy root induction has been used in biotechnology for the generation of transgenic root cultures.
Ultrastructural features of eosinophilic oesophagitis: impact of treatment on desmosomes
Authors: Capocelli Kelley E , Fernando Shahan D , Menard-Katcher Calies , Furuta Glenn T , Masterson Joanne C , Wartchow Eric P 
Published: October 2014

AimsA growing body of evidence suggests a role for altered epithelial barrier function in the pathophysiology of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE), but few have described the epithelial structure during inflammation. The purpose of this study was to define ultrastructural features of active, inactive EoE and control subject's oesophageal epithelia.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled patients undergoing diagnostic upper endoscopy for evaluation of EoE. Mucosal pinch biopsies were obtained from the distal oesophagus and processed for routine histology and electron microscopic assessment. Clinical features of enrolled subjects were analysed and subjects were divided into four groups: normal, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), inactive EoE and active EoE. Representative photomicrographs of the basal and superficial epithelia were reviewed for abnormalities. Desmosomes were quantified on the surface of epithelia three to four prickle-cell layers above the basal layer.ResultsTwenty-nine paediatric cases (ages 2–18 years) were enrolled in the study. We observed a significant decrease in the number of desmosomes per cell (DPC) of subjects with active EoE compared with inactive EoE, GERD and normal epithelia. With respect to DPC, no significant differences were found between inactive EoE compared with GERD or normal subjects. Additional ultrastructural features observed included epithelial microplicae and evidence of eosinophil transmigration, degranulation, and sombrero formation.ConclusionsConsistent with clinical and molecular findings, our ultrastructural data provide support for an altered oesophageal barrier in paediatric cases with active EoE, which may improve following treatment.
Environmental influences on children's physical activity
Authors: Pouliou Theodora , Sera Francesco , Griffiths Lucy , Joshi Heather , Geraci Marco , Cortina-Borja Mario , Law Catherine 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThis paper aims to assess whether 7-year-olds’ physical activity is associated with family and area-level measures of the physical and socioeconomic environments.MethodsWe analysed the association of environments with physical activity in 6497 singleton children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study with reliable accelerometer data (≥2 days and ≥10 h/day). Activity levels were assessed as counts per minute; minutes of moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA); and whether meeting recommended guidelines (≥60 min/day MVPA).ResultsHigher levels of children's physical activity were associated with households without use of a car and with having a television in a child's bedroom (for counts per minute only). Aspects of the home socioeconomic environment that were associated with more children's physical activity were lone motherhood, lower maternal socioeconomic position and education, family income below 60% national median, and not owning the home. Children's activity levels were higher when parents perceived their neighbourhood as poor for bringing up children and also when families were living in the most deprived areas. Relationships were independent of characteristics such as child's body mass index and ethnic group. When adjusted for physical and socioeconomic correlates, the factors remaining significant in all outcomes were: household car usage and maternal education.ConclusionsAlthough physical and socioeconomic environments are associated with children’s physical activity, much of the variation appears to be determined by the child's home socioeconomic circumstances rather than the wider environment where they live.