bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Chamber with Carbon Nanotubes for Deep Water Installations
Authors: Pino Veliz P. , Kong D. P. 
Published: October 2015

In the last twenty years offshore oil development is being increased below the deep level of 1,500 m (5,000 ft) arriving to the ultra deep level of almost 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in several parts of the world as Brazil, Gulf of Mexico and West Africa with increased technical demand because of the severe conditions.
These challenges include methods and equipment that will be adapted or designed specifically for deep water contraints as high water pressures, low temperature and distance from vessels or platforms. Some companies are developing some capability to install equipment and systems in the sea bed in order to offer solutions and the necessary assurance. In the other hand new advances in materials as nanotechnologies are progressing in a very fast rate creating advanced materials and solutions for critical operations or new challenges that are each time more close to the industry in general (oil & gas, mining, aerospace) with use of innovative material and products.
This paper describe the computer based research comparing a chamber or hull for installation of equipment and systems for oil production in conditions of "deep water" and "ultra deep water" fabricated with use of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and the same structure built with use of high strength low carbon steel [1] ASTM A710 which is an age hardening, alloy steel used where weight reduction, ease of fabrication and reduced welding costs are important. A710 is used in the manufacturing of jack-up rigs, construction equipment, pressure vessels, truck frames, piping components and shipbuilding.
Tripartite Motif (TRIM) 12c, a Mouse Homolog of TRIM5, Is a Ubiquitin Ligase That Stimulates Type I IFN and NF-κB Pathways along with TNFR-Associated Factor 6
Authors: Chang Tsung-Hsien , Yoshimi Ryusuke , Ozato Keiko 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) protein TRIM5 of the primate species restricts replication of HIV and other retroviruses. Whereas primates have a single TRIM5 gene, the corresponding locus in the mouse has expanded during evolution, now containing more than eight related genes. Owing to the complexity of the genomic organization, a mouse homolog of TRIM5 has not been fully studied thus far. In the present study, we report that Trim12c (formerly Trim12-2) encodes a TRIM5-like protein with a ubiquitin ligase activity. Similar to the primate TRIM5, TRIM12c is expressed in the cytoplasm as a punctate structure and induced upon IFN and pathogen stimulation in macrophages and dendritic cells. We show that TRIM12c interacts with TRAF6, a key protein in the pathogen recognition receptor signaling, and reciprocally enhances their ubiquitination, leading to cooperative activation of IFN and NF-κB pathways. This study identifies TRIM12c as a mouse TRIM5 equivalent, critical for host innate immunity.
MicroRNA-26b Modulates the NF-κB Pathway in Alveolar Macrophages by Regulating PTEN
Authors: Zhang Li , Huang Chaoqun , Guo Yujie , Gou Xuxu , Hinsdale Myron , Lloyd Pamela , Liu Lin 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
NF-κB is one of the best-characterized transcription factors, providing the link between early membrane–proximal signaling events and changes in many inflammatory genes. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. In this study, we evaluated the role of miR-26b in the LPS-induced inflammatory response in bovine alveolar macrophages (bAMs). LPS stimulation of bAMs upregulated miR-26b at 1 h and downregulated it at 6 and 36 h. Overexpression of miR-26b in bAMs enhanced the LPS-induced mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10, but it directly inhibited that of IL-6. A similar trend was observed for the release of these cytokines and chemokines from bAMs. miR-26b directly bound the 3′-untranslated region of PTEN, leading to the reduction of PTEN protein in bAMs. miR-26b also enhanced the LPS-induced NF-κB signaling pathway, as revealed by increased NF-κB transcriptional activity and phosphorylation of p65, IκBα, IκB kinase, and Akt. Moreover, PTEN silencing increased the LPS-induced mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 and upregulated the NF-κB pathway. Taken together, we conclude that miR-26b participates in the inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated bAMs by modulating the NF-κB pathway through targeting PTEN.
Aire Expression Is Inherent to Most Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells during Their Differentiation Program
Authors: Kawano Hiroshi , Nishijima Hitoshi , Morimoto Junko , Hirota Fumiko , Morita Ryoko , Mouri Yasuhiro , Nishioka Yasuhiko , Matsumoto Mitsuru 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Aire in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) plays an important role in the establishment of self-tolerance. Because Aire+ mTECs appear to be a limited subset, they may constitute a unique lineage(s) among mTECs. An alternative possibility is that all mTECs are committed to express Aire in principle, but Aire expression by individual mTECs is conditional. To investigate this issue, we established a novel Aire reporter strain in which endogenous Aire is replaced by the human AIRE-GFP-Flag tag (Aire/hAGF-knockin) fusion gene. The hAGF reporter protein was produced and retained very efficiently within mTECs as authentic Aire nuclear dot protein. Remarkably, snapshot analysis revealed that mTECs expressing hAGF accounted for &gt;95% of mature mTECs, suggesting that Aire expression does not represent a particular mTEC lineage(s). We confirmed this by generating Aire/diphtheria toxin receptor–knockin mice in which long-term ablation of Aire+ mTECs by diphtheria toxin treatment resulted in the loss of most mature mTECs beyond the proportion of those apparently expressing Aire. These results suggest that Aire expression is inherent to all mTECs but may occur at particular stage(s) and/or cellular states during their differentiation, thus accounting for the broad impact of Aire on the promiscuous gene expression of mTECs.
Igs as Substrates for Transglutaminase 2: Implications for Autoantibody Production in Celiac Disease
Authors: Iversen Rasmus , Fleur du Pré M. , Di Niro Roberto , Sollid Ludvig M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Autoantibodies specific for the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) are a hallmark of the gluten-sensitive enteropathy celiac disease. Production of the Abs is strictly dependent on exposure to dietary gluten proteins, thus raising the question how a foreign Ag (gluten) can induce an autoimmune response. It has been suggested that TG2-reactive B cells are activated by gluten-reactive T cells following receptor-mediated uptake of TG2–gluten complexes. In this study, we propose a revised model that is based on the ability of the BCR to serve as a substrate to TG2 and become cross-linked to gluten-derived peptides. We show that TG2-specific IgD molecules are preferred in the reaction and that binding of TG2 via a common epitope targeted by cells using the IgH variable gene segment (IGHV)5–51 results in more efficient cross-linking. Based on these findings we hypothesize that IgD-expressing B cells using IGHV5–51 are preferentially activated, and we suggest that this property can explain the previously reported low number of somatic mutations as well as the overrepresentation of IGHV5–51 among TG2-specific plasma cells in the celiac lesion. The model also couples gluten peptide uptake by TG2-reactive B cells directly to peptide deamidation, which is necessary for the activation of gluten-reactive T cells. It thereby provides a link between gluten deamidation, T cell activation, and the production of TG2-specific Abs. These are all key events in the development of celiac disease, and by connecting them the model may explain why the same enzyme that catalyzes gluten deamidation is also an autoantigen, something that is hardly coincidental.
A Truncated Variant of ASCC1, a Novel Inhibitor of NF-κB, Is Associated with Disease Severity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Torices Silvia , Alvarez-Rodríguez Lorena , Grande Lara , Varela Ignacio , Muñoz Pedro , Pascual Dora , Balsa Alejandro , López-Hoyos Marcos , Martinez-Taboada Víctor , Fernández-Luna Jose L. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Loss of the regulatory mechanisms that avoid excessive or constitutive activation of NF-κB may be associated with chronic inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). After massive sequencing of 158 regulators of the NF-κB pathway in RA patients, we focused on a scarcely known gene, ASCC1, and showed that it potently inhibits the expression of NF-κB target genes (TRAIL, TNF-α, cIAP-1, IL8) and blocks activation of a NF-κB–luciferase reporter construct in five different human cell lines. Therefore, ASCC1 may contribute to avoiding a pathologic activation of this transcription factor. A truncated variant of ASCC1 (p.S78*) was found in RA patients and control individuals. Functional in vitro studies revealed that truncation abrogated the NF-κB inhibition capacity of ASCC1. In contrast with full-length protein, truncated ASCC1 did not reduce the transcriptional activation of NF-κB and the secretion of TNF-α in response to inflammatory stimuli. We analyzed the clinical impact of p.S78* variant in 433 patients with RA and found that heterozygous carriers of this variant needed more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and more patients with this genotype needed treatment with corticoids and biologic agents. Moreover, the truncated allele-carrier group had lower rates of remission compared with the full-length variant carriers. Overall, our findings show for the first time, to our knowledge, that ASCC1 inhibits NF-κB activation and that a truncated and inactive variant of ASCC1 is associated with a more severe disease, which could have clinical value for assessing the progression and prognosis of RA.
Identification of Cell Surface Straight Chain Poly-N-Acetyl-Lactosamine Bearing Protein Ligands for VH4-34–Encoded Natural IgM Antibodies
Authors: Bhat Neelima M. , Adams Christopher M. , Chen Yi , Bieber Marcia M. , Teng Nelson N. H. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
B cell binding and cytotoxicity by human VH4-34–encoded Abs of the IgM isotype has been well documented. A VH4-34-IgM has recently shown a favorable early response in a phase 1 trial for treatment of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Although its B cell ligand has been identified as straight chain poly-N-acetyl-lactosamine (SC-PNAL), the carrier of the sugar moiety has not been identified. Using nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry, we identify the metabolic activation related protein complex of CD147-CD98 as a major carrier of poly-N-acetyl-lactosamine (SC-PNAL) on human pre-B cell line Nalm-6. Previous studies have suggested CD45 as the SC-PNAL carrier for VH4-34–encoded IgG Abs. Because Nalm-6 is CD45 negative, human peripheral blood B lymphocytes and human B cell line, Reh, with high CD45 expression, were examined for SC-PNAL carrier proteins. Western blot analysis shows that the CD147-98 complex is indeed immunoprecipitated by VH4-34–encoded IgMs from human peripheral blood B lymphocytes and human B cell lines, Reh, OCI-Ly8, and Nalm-6. However, CD45 is immunoprecipitated only from peripheral B lymphocytes, but not from Reh despite the high expression of CD45. These results suggest that human B cells retain SC-PNAL on the CD147-98 complex, but modulate the sugar moiety on CD45. Because the carbohydrate moiety may act as a selecting Ag for VH4-34 autoantibody repertoire, its differential expression on proteins may provide a clue to the intricate atypical regulation of the VH4-34 gene.
How do repeat suicide attempters differ from first timers? An exploratory record based analysis
Authors: Menon Vikas , Kattimani Shivanand , Sarkar Siddharth , Mathan Kaliaperumal 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: Evidence indicates that repeat suicide attempters, as a group, may differ from 1st time attempters. The identification of repeat attempters is a powerful but underutilized clinical variable. Aims: In this research, we aimed to compare individuals with lifetime histories of multiple attempts with 1st time attempters to identify factors predictive of repeat attempts. Setting and Design: This was a retrospective record based study carried out at a teaching cum Tertiary Care Hospital in South India. Methods: Relevant data was extracted from the clinical records of 1st time attempters (n = 362) and repeat attempters (n = 61) presenting to a single Tertiary Care Center over a 4½ year period. They were compared on various sociodemographic and clinical parameters. The clinical measures included Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Coping Strategies Inventory – Short Form, and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. Statistical Analysis Used: First time attempters and repeaters were compared using appropriate inferential statistics. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of repeat attempts. Results: The two groups did not significantly differ on sociodemographic characteristics. Repeat attempters were more likely to have given prior hints about their act (χ2 = 4.500, P = 0.034). In the final regression model, beck hopelessness score emerged as a significant predictor of repeat suicide attempts (odds ratio = 1.064, P = 0.020). Conclusion: Among suicide attempters presenting to the hospital, the presence of hopelessness is a predictor of repeat suicide attempts, independent of clinical depression. This highlights the importance of considering hopelessness in the assessment of suicidality with a view to minimize the risk of future attempts.
Blanco y negro: un lenguaje para la arquitectura de Antonio Fernández Alba
Authors: Bernal López-San Vicente Amparo 
Published: October 2015

Juan Daniel Fullaondo definía a Antonio Fernández Alba como “un hombre de método y cultura”, un arquitecto que acompañó el proceso de su desarrollo arquitectónico de un intenso despliegue cultural (1970, p. 3). La dimensión intelectual del arquitecto ha propiciado que, tanto su arquitectura y obra escrita, como su labor docente hayan sido interpretadas desde la evolución consciente de una investigación metodológica propia. Por ello, la expresión gráfica de su arquitectura no puede entenderse tan solo como el resultado de una experimentación desde la improvisación. En este artículo se plantea el análisis estético de sus planos en los que se evidencia la investigación sistemática de una técnica de representación que, desde la dualidad del contraste del blanco y negro, exploraba en la formalización de sus proyectos hacia una configuración coherente de su concepción arquitectónica.
Ideación gráfica revertida
Authors: Marcos Carlos L. , Domingo Gresa Jorge 
Published: October 2015

Este artículo continúa la investigación de una propuesta de innovación docente, parcialmente abordada en el último Congreso EGA bajo el planteamiento de un ‘viaje imaginario a la mente del diseñador´. Se pretende desarrollar mecanismos vinculados al pensamiento gráfico y fomentar un dibujo desinhibido, eficaz y de respuesta rápida como recurso característico de la ideación. Desde hace años la ideación protagoniza diferentes propuestas docentes en el ámbito académico de E.G.A. generalmente vinculadas al dibujo inespecífico. Intencionalmente, se trata aquí de revertir el proceso de ideación, de ponerse en la piel de quien diseñó un edificio y, a partir de lo edificado –referente directo– tratar de reconstruir los bosquejos de ideación que debieron realizarse para concebirlo y darle forma.<br />En esta nueva investigación hemos confrontado los dibujos originales de los arquitectos –muchos inéditos– con dibujos de indudable atractivo e innegable desparpajo de estudiantes sobre dichos edificios, analizándolos dialécticamente para validar la pertinencia del enfoque pedagógico.
A Tale of Three Cubicles
Authors: Rocha Samuel D. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In the tradition of the literary and intellectual essay, the author weaves a tale of work, labor, and production from memories and self-disclosure. Welding, office work, and the vocational crisis of the professoriat shape what is, ultimately, an attempt to show what cannot, and perhaps should not, be said. What can be said of what has been shown?
Digital Networking as a Creative Resource and Platform
Authors: Duncum Paul 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In light of the fact that our visual world is rapidly changing, the author considers four topics. First, he briefly reviews the work of art educators who have written on social networking for art education classrooms. Second, he notes that many youths--children and adolescents--are using social networking not only to consume and exchange material-- textual and visual--but also to produce their own. Third, the author argues that much of the unsolicited production youths create online is instructive for art education and should be encouraged. He summarizes some of his own attempts at engagement. And fourth, two dilemmas are raised for art educators in approaching social networking sites as part of classroom activities: the use of youths as the unpaid labor of big business, and privacy on the net.
Lighting: Its Influence on Drawing Strategies
Authors: Reichertz Mathew , Maycock Bryan , Klein Raymond 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The illumination of a scene influences how that scene is scanned and how it is depicted. This premise, together with assumptions regarding implications for teaching observational drawing, was the basis for a pilot study in the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design (NSCAD) Drawing Laboratory. The pilot provided evidence that helped refine the question and methods described in this expanded study. As in the pilot, participants worked from common stimuli that were lit in two distinct ways. The participants drew for a predetermined period of time while their hand movements were recorded digitally and the entire process was observed firsthand. Over a period of 7 days, five participants each completed four drawings. The 20 drawings were compared and the recordings analyzed. Digital analysis generated the most informative data in that, while light’s influence on drawing strategies proved to be less significant than anticipated, changes in drawing behavior were observed with implications for teaching and learning.
Uniform Sampling Table Method and its Applications II—Evaluating the Uniform Sampling by Experiment
Authors: Chen Yibin , Chen Jiaxi , Chen Xuan , Wang Min , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A new method of uniform sampling is evaluated in this paper. The items and indexes were adopted to evaluate the rationality of the uniform sampling. The evaluation items included convenience of operation, uniformity of sampling site distribution, and accuracy and precision of measured results. The evaluation indexes included operational complexity, occupation rate of sampling site in a row and column, relative accuracy of pill weight, and relative deviation of pill weight. They were obtained from three kinds of drugs with different shape and size by four kinds of sampling methods. Gray correlation analysis was adopted to make the comprehensive evaluation by comparing it with the standard method. The experimental results showed that the convenience of uniform sampling method was 1 (100%), odds ratio of occupation rate in a row and column was infinity, relative accuracy was 99.50–99.89%, reproducibility RSD was 0.45–0.89%, and weighted incidence degree exceeded the standard method. Hence, the uniform sampling method was easy to operate, and the selected samples were distributed uniformly. The experimental results demonstrated that the uniform sampling method has good accuracy and reproducibility, which can be put into use in drugs analysis.
Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Chellini Paula R , Lages Eduardo B , Franco Pedro H C , Nogueira Fernando H A , César Isabela C , Pianetti Gerson A 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Tuberculosis treatment consists of a fixed dose combination of rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PYZ), and ethambutol hydrochloride (EMB). The combined treatment using various drugs is necessary for patient curing, without recrudescence, and for prevention of drug-resistant mutants, which may occur during treatment. An HPLC-diode array detector (DAD) method for the simultaneous determination of RIF, INH, PYZ, and EMB in fixed dose combination tablets was developed and validated. Chromatographic experiments were performed on an Agilent 1200 HPLC system, and the separation was carried out on a Purospher STAR RP18e (250 × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm, Merck) analytical column. Gradient elution was carried out with a mobile phase of 20 mM monobasic sodium phosphate buffer with 0.2% triethylamine (pH 7.0) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The total run time was 12 min, and the re-equilibration time was 5 min. EMB detection was performed at 210 nm, and RIF, INH, and PYZ were detected at 238 nm, using a DAD. The method proved to be specific, linear (r2 &gt; 0.99), precise (RSD &lt;2%), accurate, and robust and may be applied to the QC analysis of pharmaceutical formulations.
Simultaneous Detection of Three Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors and Eight of Their Analogs in Lifestyle Products and Screening for Adulterants by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography
Authors: Do Tiên T K , Theocharis Grigorios , Reich Eike 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
An HPTLC method is proposed to permit effective screening for the presence of three phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is; sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil) and eight of their analogs (hydroxyacetildenafil, homosildenafil, thiohomosildenafil, acetildenafil, acetaminotadalafil, propoxyphenyl hydroxyhomosildenafil, hydroxyhomosildenafil, and hydroxythiohomosildenafil) in finished products, including tablets, capsules, chocolate, instant coffee, syrup, and chewing gum. For all the finished products, the same simple sample preparation may be applied: ultrasound-assisted extraction in 10 mL methanol for 30 min followed by centrifugation. The Rf values of individual HPTLC bands afford preliminary identification of potential PDE5-Is. Scanning densitometry capabilities enable comparison of the unknown UV spectra with those of known standard compounds and allow further structural insight. Mass spectrometric analysis of the material derived from individual zones supplies an additional degree of confidence. Significantly, the proposed screening technique allows focus on the already known PDE5 Is and provides a platform for isolation and chemical categorization of the newly-synthesized analogs. Furthermore, the scope could be expanded to other therapeutic categories (e.g., analgesics, antidiabetics, and anorexiants) that are occasionally coadulterated along with the PDE5-Is. The method was successfully applied to screening of 45 commercial lifestyle products. Of those, 31 products tested positive for at least one illegal component (sildenafil, tadalafil, propoxyphenyl hydroxyhomosildenafil, or dimethylsildenafil).