bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent suicide: characterizing the need and identifying the predictive factors for preventive consultation or hospitalization in a rural community setting
Authors: Nair Muttathu K.C. , Russell Paul S.S. , Shankar Satya R. , Subramaniam Vinod S. , Nazeema Suma , Mammen Priya , Chembagam Neethu 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Background: Studies from India consistently document the highest suicide rates in the world, and the majority of completed suicides had been within adolescents.
Objective: To characterize the need and identify the predictive factors for preventive consultation or hospitalization for adolescent suicide in a community setting.
Subjects: We prospectively collected data from 500 adolescents in a rural South Indian community with independent, trained raters.
Methods: The need for suicide prevention was measured with the SAD PERSONS scale, socio-economic status with the Modified Kuppusamy Scale, depression and anxiety disorders with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, respectively. The relationship between predictors and the need for preventive action was analyzed with univariate and multivariate regression analyses and a predictive model was built.
Results: Of those investigated, 2% and 0.6% required emergency consultation and hospitalization, respectively. Males needed more preventive action (p=0.04). Age (OR=3.40, p=0.07), gender (OR=3.13, p=0.05), presence of anxiety (OR=16.35, p=0.001), or depressive (OR=42.59, p=0.001) disorder independently predicted a need for protective action and, together, contributed to a parsimonious predictive model.
Conclusions: The majority of adolescents in the community do not require preventive steps to address suicide risk. These predictors could identify the high-risk adolescents for suicide prevention and reduce the burden of care in the community.
Developmental outcomes of economically disadvantaged adolescents in Hong Kong: a replication
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Tsui Pik-fong 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between economic disadvantage and adolescent and developmental outcomes as well as perceived family qualities in 3580 Secondary 2 students in Hong Kong. Developmental outcomes include positive youth development constructs, problem behavior and drug taking behavior, whereas perceived family qualities include perceived family interaction and parental parenting. Generally speaking, poor and non-poor adolescents differ in terms of overall positive youth development and family life quality. Although adolescents experiencing poverty do not display significant differences from non-poor adolescents in terms of risk behavior and psychosocial competencies, adolescents with economic disadvantage show lower levels of positive identity, family interaction, and perceived paternal parenting than do those without economic disadvantage.
Impact of GH replacement therapy on sleep in adult patients with GH deficiency of pituitary origin
Authors: Morselli Lisa L , Nedeltcheva Arlet , Leproult Rachel , Spiegel Karine , Martino Enio , Legros Jean-Jacques , Weiss Roy E , Mockel Jean , Van Cauter Eve , Copinschi Georges 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesWe previously reported that adult patients with GH deficiency (GHD) due to a confirmed or likely pituitary defect, compared with healthy controls individually matched for age, gender, and BMI, have more slow-wave sleep (SWS) and higher delta activity (a marker of SWS intensity). Here, we examined the impact of recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy, compared with placebo, on objective sleep quality in a subset of patients from the same cohort.DesignSingle-blind, randomized, crossover design study.MethodsFourteen patients with untreated GHD of confirmed or likely pituitary origin, aged 22–74 years, participated in the study. Patients with associated hormonal deficiencies were on appropriate replacement therapy. Polygraphic sleep recordings, with bedtimes individually tailored to habitual sleep times, were performed after 4 months on rhGH or placebo.ResultsValid data were obtained in 13 patients. At the end of the rhGH treatment period, patients had a shorter sleep period time than at the end of the placebo period (479±11 vs 431±19 min respectively;P=0.005), primarily due to an earlier wake-up time, and a decrease in the intensity of SWS (delta activity) (559±125 vs 794±219 μV2respectively;P=0.048).ConclusionsFour months of rhGH replacement therapy partly reversed sleep disturbances previously observed in untreated patients. The decrease in delta activity associated with rhGH treatment adds further evidence to the hypothesis that the excess of high-intensity SWS observed in untreated pituitary GHD patients is likely to result from overactivity of the hypothalamic GHRH system due to the lack of negative feedback inhibition by GH.
Assessment of nickel titanium and beta titanium corrosion resistance behavior in fluoride and chloride environments
Authors: Kassab Elisa J. , Gomes José Ponciano 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To assess the influence of fluoride concentration on the corrosion behavior of nickel titanium (NiTi) superelastic wire and to compare the corrosion resistance of NiTi with that of beta titanium alloy in physiological solution with and without addition of fluoride.

Materials and Methods:
NiTi corrosion resistance was investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and anodic polarization in sodium chloride (NaCl 0.15 M) with and without addition of 0.02 M sodium fluoride (NaF), and the results were compared with those associated with beta titanium. The influence of fluoride concentration on NiTi corrosion behavior was assessed in NaCl (0.15 M) with and without 0.02, 0.04, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.12 M NaF solution. Galvanic corrosion between NiTi and beta titanium were investigated. All samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.

Results:
Polarization resistance decreased when NaF concentration was increased, and, depending on NaF concentration, NiTi can suffer localized or generalized corrosion. In NaCl solution with 0.02 M NaF, NiTi suffer localized corrosion, while beta titanium alloys remained passive. Current values near zero were observed by galvanic coupling of NiTi and beta titanium.

Conclusions:
There is a decrease in NiTi corrosion resistance in the presence of fluoride. The corrosion behavior of NiTi alloy depends on fluoride concentration. When 0.02 and 0.04 M of NaF were added to the NaCl solution, NiTi presented localized corrosion. When NaF concentration increased to 0.05, 0.07, and 0.12 M, the alloy presented general corrosion. NiTi corrosion resistance behavior is lower than that of beta titanium. Galvanic coupling of these alloys does not increase corrosion rates.
Sexual stability in the nearly dioeciousPinus johannis(Pinaceae)
Authors: Flores‐Rentería Lluvia , Molina‐Freaner Francisco , Whipple Amy V. , Gehring Catherine A. , Domínguez C. A. 
Published: February 2013

•Premise of the study:Even though dioecy is a dominant sexual system among gymnosperms, little is known about its evolutionary history.Pinus johannismay represent a model system because unisexual and monoecious individuals compose its populations. The presence of unisexual individuals in otherPinusspecies is a consequence of sexual lability. Here we determined whetherP. johannisrepresents the first example of a dioecious or nearly dioecious reproductive system in conifers by evaluating its sexual stability.•Methods:To assess the stability of sexual expression, we quantified the proportion of male vs. female reproductive structures produced by trees over multiple years and tested for the presence of sexual dimorphism. Sexual lability hypotheses were also examined by looking at the relationship between environmental factors and sexual expression and by comparing the reproductive behavior ofP. johanniswith its closest labile relative,P. edulis.•Key results: Pinus johannisis nearly dioecious: ∼99% of individuals are unisexual or express a low proportion of the opposite gender with few changes in sexual expression through time. We found sexual dimorphism consistent with sexual stability. Sexual expression did not vary with tree size/age, abiotic environment, or herbivore removal, providing evidence against sexual lability. Individuals ofP. johannistended to produce only male or female strobili, whereas those ofP. eduliswere mainly monoecious with a gradient in the female to male strobili ratio.•Conclusions:This study represents the first report of a nearly stable dioeciousPinusspecies. The variety of sexual morphs coexisting in the same population makesP. johannisa model for studying the evolution of dioecy in gymnosperms.
Techniques of Extracorporeal Cytokine Removal: A Systematic Review of the Literature on Animal Experimental Studies
Authors: Atan Rafidah , Crosbie David , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: February 2013

Background and Aims Extracorporeal cytokine removal may be desirable. We sought to assess extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) techniques for cytokine removal in experimental animal studies. Methods We conducted a targeted, systematic search and identified 17 articles. We analyzed cytokine clearance, sieving coefficient (SC), ultrafiltrate (UF) concentration, and percentage removal. As this review concerns technical appraisal of EBP techniques, we made no attempts to appraise the methodology of the studies included. Results are in descriptive terms only. Results Applying predicted clearance for 80 kg human, high volume hemofiltration (HVHF) techniques and plasmafiltration (PF) showed the highest rates of cytokine removal. High cutoff (HCO)/HF and PF techniques showed modest ability to clear cytokines using low to medium flows. Standard hemofiltration had little efficacy. At higher flows, HCO/HF achieved clearances between 30 and 70 ml/min for IL-6 and IL-10. There was essentially no removal of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha outside of PF. Conclusions Experimental animal studies indicate that HVHF (especially with HCO filters) and plasmafiltration have the potential to achieve appreciable IL-6 and IL-10 clearances. However, only PF can remove TNF-alpha reliably.
SEEG‐RFTC in patients with refractory focal epilepsy: real‐world outcomes from 121 cases
Authors: Liu Qiangqiang , Cai Yanqing , Mao Ziyu , Chen Wenze , Chen Bin , Chen Wenzhen , Zhang Chencheng , Lu Yong , Xu Jiwen , He Dake 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveRadiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) has emerged as an effective and safe treatment method for patients with refractory focal epilepsy, when stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) is implanted. Although real‐world research results are still limited, a considerable number of patients have shown favorable outcomes with this less invasive method. This study aims to describe the outcomes and predictive factors of SEEG‐RFTC in real‐world research.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted on patients in the authors' epilepsy center. In total, 121 patients who underwent RFTC were included in the study. Post‐RFTC outcomes were evaluated using the seizure‐free rate and response rate (seizure frequency reduction more than 50%). Predictive factors influencing post‐RFTC outcome were considered by comparing different variables.ResultsThe mean follow‐up period was 18.3 months. Eighty‐two patients (67.8%) were responders and 54 (44.6%) were seizure free. In 36 patients with malformation of cortical development, the seizure‐free rate and the response rate were 69.44% and 83.33%, respectively. In 20 patients with hippocampal sclerosis, 19 patients were responders and 14 (70%) patients were seizure free at the last follow‐up. The MRI feature and etiology of epilepsy are correlated with the outcome. MR‐positive is a predictive factor for seizure freedom (p < 0.01) and responders (p < 0.01). Other factors have no predictive value for post‐RFTC outcome.InterpretationSEEG‐RFTC is a safe procedure and yields favorable outcomes in numerous cases of focal DRE. The MRI feature and etiology of epilepsy are correlated with the seizure‐free rate and response rate. And MRI positivity is the predictor for good RFTC outcome.
Low‐Volume Cores for Fabrication of Compact, Versatile, and Intelligent Soft Systems
Authors: Yu Qifan , Cao Nina , Folinus Charlotte , Becker Kaitlyn P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study introduces the low‐volume core (LVC) fabrication method, which enables the monolithic molding of compact, complex, versatile, and intelligent soft robotic systems. This method uses thin and flexible thermoplastic sheets to mold internal chambers in soft fluidic actuators, valves, and circuits. The LVC fabrication method creates low‐volume networks in soft actuators (LV‐net actuators) that can be made with compact and complex geometries, enabling both low actuation volume input and multi‐degree‐of‐freedom actuators. LVC fabrication can also be used for compact, completely soft, and monolithic logic components (valves with low‐volume core, also called as LV valves) to provide directional resistance as well as a switching mechanism that enables fluidic logic in soft systems. The compatibility of the fabrication methods for both soft actuators and valves facilitates the creation of compact, integrated, and versatile soft robotic systems with embodied intelligence. This study introduces two examples of such intelligent soft robotic systems that integrate both LV‐net actuators and LV valves to demonstrate capability for complex system fabrication.
Regulating the Multiscale Stability of Li‐Rich Cathode through Lewis Acid Gas Treatment
Authors: Liu Yuyao , Tang Xiaoyu , Wang Helin , Zhang Min , Wang Zhiqiao , Shao Ahu , Yao Ning , Xue Rongrong , Ma Yue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLattice oxygen redox reactions dedicate the extra retrievable capacities from the lithium‐rich layered oxides (LLOs) cathodes, however, the widespread adoption of which in the energy‐dense batteries faces a series of obstacles, such as oxygen loss during the initial activation, cycling‐induced structural degradation as well as the retard Li+ diffusivity impeded by the interfacial impurities. Here, a Lewis acid gas treatment of LLOs is proposed, namely the PF5 etching to enhance the cycling endurance and high‐temperature tolerance of the electrode. The multiscale modifications involve the F− doping in the bulk lattice, the phosphate coating to kinetically suppress the O2 release as well as the removal of surface impurities in a single step. The gas‐phase treatment constructs a continuous pathway across the densely‐packed LLO electrode, enhancing Li+ diffusivity by fivefold compared to the untreated electrode. Notably, the transmission‐mode operando X‐ray diffraction of the modified LLOs cathode confirms a 71.4% reduction of self‐discharge rate during the idle charged state at 55 °C, as well as the 16% mitigation of lattice contraction (Δc/a) during the dynamic galvanostatic cycling. By pairing the lithium foil (50 µm) with the modified LLO cathode (12.75 mg cm−2) in a pouch‐format cell model, the 0.2 Ah prototype achieves the gravimetric energy/power densities as well as cycling endurance across a wide temperature range. This scalable, Lewis‐acid gas modification strategy presents a practical approach for deploying LLOs in energy‐dense cell prototyping.
Proteolysis and Contractility Regulate Tissue Opening and Wound Healing by Lung Fibroblasts in 3D Microenvironments
Authors: Xiao Hugh , Sylla Kadidia , Gong Xiangyu , Wilkowski Brendan , Rossello‐Martinez Alejandro , Jordan Seyma Nayir , Mintah Emmanuel Y. , Zheng Allen , Sun Huanxing , Herzog Erica L. , Mak Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDamage and repair are recurring processes in tissues, with fibroblasts playing key roles by remodeling extracellular matrices (ECM) through protein synthesis, proteolysis, and cell contractility. Dysregulation of fibroblasts can lead to fibrosis and tissue damage, as seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In advanced IPF, tissue damage manifests as honeycombing, or voids in the lungs. This study explores how transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), a crucial factor in IPF, induces lung fibroblast spheroids to create voids in reconstituted collagen through proteolysis and cell contractility, a process we termed as hole formation. These voids reduce when proteases are blocked. Spheroids mimic fibroblast foci observed in IPF. Results indicate that cell contractility mediates tissue opening by stretching fractures in the collagen meshwork. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP1 and MT1‐MMP, are essential for hole formation, with invadopodia playing a significant role. Blocking MMPs reduces hole size and promotes wound healing. This study shows how TGF‐β induces excessive tissue destruction and how blocking proteolysis can reverse damage, offering insights into IPF pathology and potential therapeutic interventions.
730 nm Light‐Induced Cleavage of BODIPY Photocages via Entropy‐Driven Triplet Sensitization
Authors: Isokuortti Jussi , Long Kaiqi , Gounani Zahra , Zhang Yichi , Alsaedy Omar , Wang Weiping , Laaksonen Timo , Durandin Nikita A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLight‐activated drug delivery systems allow precise spatiotemporal control of a drug release process. However, safe and efficient drug release activation needs a low‐power nonpulsed red/near‐infrared light with high tissue penetration depth. Nevertheless, such systems remain a challenge. Herein, a self‐assembled nanovehicle made of 2,6‐diiodo‐B‐dimethyl‐boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)‐based photocleavable trigonal molecules bearing Pt(II) meso‐tetraphenyltetranaphthoporhyrin photosensitizer and a fluorescent release marker Nile Red in hydrophobic core is introduced. The system employs endothermic triplet–triplet energy transfer between the photosensitizer and the trigonal molecule, leading to the cleavage of the trigonal molecule followed by cargo release. This allows to engage 730 nm light to cleave BODIPY photoremovable protecting groups (PPGs) instead of 530 nm light that would be needed for direct photocage excitation. Therefore, the approach unleashes the desired activation of drug release via photocleavage with longer wavelengths (within the phototherapeutic window) without any chemical modification of the PPGs. Cell studies demonstrate fast intracellular uptake of the nanovehices by PC3 human prostate cancer cells with accumulation in lysosomes in 2 h. Light irradiation at 730 nm on nanovehicles dispersed in cell media leads to payload release. Remarkably, the system exhibits higher release efficiency at low oxygen concentration than at ambient thus allowing to tackle aggressive hypoxic solid tumors.
A High‐Speed Image Sensor Based on Large‐Area MoTe2/Si Photodiode Arrays
Authors: Wang Die , Wang Xinyu , Pan Yu , Bian Jihong , Liu Kang , Guo Jing , Lin Jiamu , Sun Zibo , Gou Saifei , Sheng Chuming , Dong Xiangqi , Su Hesheng , Zhu Yuxuan , Sun Qicheng , Xu Zihan , Guo Aiying , Shao Lei , Chen Honglei , Bao Wenzhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe market demand for optoelectronic devices is increasing, leading to a need for low‐cost, high‐performance image sensors that can operate effectively in challenging environments such as darkness and fog. The emerging 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and compatibility with silicon (Si) complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. However, the large‐scale synthesis of TMD films and uniform preparation of photodiode arrays remain challenging. This paper reports a synthesis method for heteroepitaxial growth of 2H‐ molybdeum diyelluride (MoTe2) semiconducting films on 3D wafer‐level Si substrates. Using this method, arrays of 2H‐MoTe2/Si heterojunction photodiodes are prepared that demonstrate excellent uniformity and 100% device yield. The photodiodes exhibit satisfactory optoelectronic properties, including a small dark current maintained within a range of 1–3 nA and a maximum responsivity of 521.1 mAW−1 under near‐infrared light at 800 nm, with rise and fall times of less than 4 ms. To demonstrate the image‐sensing capabilities of the photodiode array under visible and near‐infrared (NIR) light illumination, a complete imaging system is designed.The MoTe2/Si photodiode arrays examined in this study offer a practical solution for integrating Si‐based readout circuits and photodetector arrays on a single chip.
Design of Light‐Induced Solid‐State Plasmonic Rulers via Tethering Photoswitchable Molecular Machines to Gold Nanostructures Displaying Angstrom Length Resolution
Authors: Langlais Sarah R. , Hati Sumon , Simas M. Vitoria , Pu Jingzhi , Muhoberac Barry B. , Sardar Rajesh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlasmonic rulers (PRs) linking nanoscale distance dependence spectral shifts are important for studying cellular microenvironments and biomarker detection. The traditional PR design employs tethering metal nanoparticle pairs using synthetic and biopolymers that severely suffer from reproducibility issues, as well as lack reversibility. Here, the fabrication of novel PRs is reported through the formation of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of photoswitchable molecular machines chemically tethered onto sharp‐tip gold nanostructures (Au NSs). This unique and highly sensitive PR utilizes localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of Au NSs to spectroscopically evaluate dipole–dipole coupling between NSs and photoisomerizable spiropyran (SP)‐merocyanine (MC) conjugates in the solid‐state. It is observed that the SAM‐modified NSs are extremely sensitive to the photoisomerization of SP‐to‐MC, resulting in LSPR shifts as large as 5.6 nm for every 1.0 Å change in distance. The highly dipolar MC changes the NS‐SAM interfacial polarizability and alters the dipole–dipole coupling leading to the ultrasensitive PR is hypothesized. The hypothesis is supported theoretically by calculating dipole polarizability of an inorganic‐organic heterodimer model and experimentally by determining work function and interfacial dipole values. Taken together, this work represents the fabrication of next‐generation PRs, which hold great promise for advanced, plasmonic‐based sensors and optoelectronic device fabrication.
Interplay between a Heptamethine Cyanine Dye Sensitizer (IR806) and Lanthanide Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Haichun , Kulkarni Abhilash , Kostiv Uliana , Sandberg Elin , Lakshmanan Anbharasi , Sotiriou Georgios A. , Widengren Jerker 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attractive emission properties but suffer from weak light‐absorbing capacities and thereby relatively low brightnesses. This motivates using strongly absorbing dye molecules as antennas and sensitizers. However, despite much effort, understanding of this dye‐UCNP interplay is still limited. Major sensitization mechanisms are still under discussion, largely because there is a lack of effective means to observe key factors such as dark state transitions within the dyes. Here, a combined spectroscopic procedure is established to systematically investigate the photophysics behind the dye‐UCNP interaction, embracing fluorescence‐based transient‐state excitation‐modulation, lifetime and correlation spectroscopy, and spectrofluorometry/spectrophotometry. With this procedure the heptamethine cyanine dye IR806, a typical UCNP sensitizer is studied, its photophysical model is established, its photophysics in UCL‐sensitization‐related environments is deciphered, and the energy transfer from the IR806 singlet excited state to Yb3+ (UCNP sensitizer ion) can be identified as the dominant sensitization mechanism. These studies suggest that IR806 can form non‐emissive H‐aggregates at the nanoparticle surfaces, which can be dissociated after certain light excitation duration (typically>100 µs). Moreover, buildup of a non‐fluorescent, photo‐redox state of IR806 after longer irradiation times (10–100 ms) can deleteriously affect its UCL sensitization effect, inferring an optimal excitation duration for dye‐sensitized UCNPs, relevant for, e.g., optical imaging applications.