bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additional Local Therapy With Primary Re‐Excision or Radiation Therapy Improves Survival and Local Control After Incomplete or Close Surgical Excision of Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs
Authors: Kry Kristin L. , Boston Sarah E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo compare survival and local recurrence outcomes in dogs with mast cell tumors with incomplete or close margins treated with primary re‐excision or radiation therapy of the primary site versus no additional local therapy.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsDogs (n = 64).MethodsOutcomes of canine mast cell tumor cases that had incomplete or close surgical resection and presented to the Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre (2001–2010) were evaluated after additional local therapy (primary re‐excision or radiation therapy) or no additional local therapy (comparison). Follow‐up was performed through evaluation of medical records and telephone contact with referring veterinarians and owners.ResultsTumors (n = 70) in 64 dogs were studied. Median survival times for the primary re‐excision (2930 days) and radiation therapy (2194 days) groups were significantly longer than for the comparison (710 days) group. Local recurrence occurred in 13% of the re‐excision group, 8% of the radiation therapy group, and 38% of the comparison group. Although local recurrence rate was not statistically significant for the re‐excision group, time to local recurrence was statistically longer for both the re‐excision and radiation groups. Adjunctive chemotherapy was not associated with improved survival or local control.Conclusion/Clinical relevanceThere is significant improvement in survival and duration of local control when additional local therapy is performed after incomplete or close resection of mast cell tumors. These follow‐up therapies should be recommended to owners when mast cell tumors are incompletely or closely resected.
Extensive Rostral Mandibulectomy for Treatment of Ameloblastoma in a Horse
Authors: Mendez‐Angulo Jose L. , Tatarniuk Dane M. , Ruiz Indalecio , Ernst Nicolas 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo report long‐term outcome in a mare that had extensive rostral mandibulectomy to remove an ameloblastoma.Study DesignClinical report.AnimalsA 21‐year‐old mare.MethodsAn ameloblastoma, located in the rostral aspect of the mandible, was removed by complete en‐bloc resection of the tumor, removing most of the mandibular symphysis.ResultsThe day after surgery, the remaining mandibular symphysis (<5 mm) fractured causing marked instability of the hemi‐mandibles. Partial wound dehiscence occurred 5 days after surgery; however, the mare was able to eat well and the incision healed within 2 weeks. At 18 months, there was bony fusion of the hemi‐mandibles and mild protrusion of the tongue.ConclusionExtensive rostral mandibulectomy (up to the caudal edge of the mandibular symphysis) can apparently be performed in a horse without internal or external stabilization, and yield a cosmetic and functional outcome.
School District Income Taxes: New Revenue or a Property Tax Substitute?
Authors: ROSS JUSTIN M. , NGUYEN‐HOANG PHUONG 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUsing a panel of 609 Ohio school districts from 1990 to 2008, this paper investigates the effects of school district income tax on operating property tax revenue. After correcting for endogeneity, the results do indicate a substitution effect that lowers the property tax levy. Despite reduced property taxes, greater income taxation is mostly to increase total revenues. By how much total revenues increase varies widely depending on the relative and absolute sizes of property and income taxes. We also find that school districts were able to increase the amount of the property tax by a greater amount than nonadopting districts in the years following the adoption of income taxes.
Immune cells: plastic players along colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Di Caro Giuseppe , Marchesi Federica , Laghi Luigi , Grizzi Fabio 
Published: January 2014

AbstractInflammatory cells are involved in tumour initiation and progression. In parallel, the adaptive immune response plays a key role in fighting tumour growth and dissemination. The double‐edged role of the immune system in solid tumours is well represented in colorectal cancer (CRC). The development and progression of CRC are affected by the interactions between the tumour and the host's response, occurring in a milieu named tumour microenvironment. The role of immune cells in human CRC is being unravelled and there is a strong interest in understanding their dynamics as to tumour promotion, immunosurveillance and immunoevasion. A better definition of immune infiltration would be important not only with respect to the ‘natural history’ of CRC, but in a clinically relevant perspective in the 21st century, with respect to its post‐surgical management, including chemotherapy responsiveness. While it is becoming established that the amount of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes influences the post‐surgical progression of early‐stage CRC, the relevance of this immune parameter as to chemotherapy responsiveness remains to be clarified. Despite recent experimental work supporting the notion that infiltrating immune cells may influence chemotherapy‐mediated tumour cell death, tumour‐infiltrating cells are not employed to identify patients who are more likely to benefit from adjuvant treatment. This review focuses on studies addressing the role of innate and adaptive immune cells along the occurrence and the progression of potentially curable CRC.
Singularity and medicine: is there a place for heteronomy in medical ethics?
Authors: Devisch Ignaas , Vanheule Stijn 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesIn medicine and in clinical practice, autonomy is opposed to heteronomy or paternalism. While autonomy comes down to free choice, independence or self‐fulfillment, heteronomy or paternalism are associated with restraints from outside, lack of free choice or dependence. Despite several mediating concepts such as relational autonomy, this opposition stands firm in medical discourse.Methods and resultsReflecting upon his own heart transplantation but also falling back upon the whole of his oeuvre, we want to analyze what the impact of Nancy's thought can be on the concept of autonomy in medicine. As in Nancy's theory, autonomy and heteronomy are intertwined, how then to understand the autonomous individual in a clinical context?Nancy developed in his book Corpus, the untranslatable French word ‘expeausition’ to express the exposure of surfaces to one another – playing on the term ‘exposition’: ‘peau’, in French, means skin. Skin is literally exposed to contact with another skin or surface. Such exposure and such contact is ‘world’ he argues, in the same way that a product exchange between two people is. Heteronomy therefore is constitutive for autonomy, not a restraint of it.ConclusionsAnalyzed from the work of French philosopher Jean‐Luc Nancy, there is no such thing as autonomy because every ‘self’ or ‘I’ is always already intruded by something from outside. There is no autonomy without heteronomy, he argues and he therefore prefers to speak of an individual as being exposed to the outer world.
A comparison of body composition measurement techniques
Authors: Hillier S. E. , Beck L. , Petropoulou A. , Clegg M. E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundAn understanding of the reproducibility of body composition measurements is essential for effective intervention studies. Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) are two easy‐to‐use measures of body composition. The present study aimed to assess the reproducibility of ADP and BIA and compare them with each other, as well as with skinfold measurement.MethodsForty‐one participants were tested on two occasions following an overnight fast. On test day 1, participants' height, weight and % body fat (BF) were measured using ADP and BIA. Measurements were replicated to assess the within‐day reproducibility. On test day 2, participants were again tested using ADP and BIA and had skinfold measurements taken. Three skinfold equations for BF calculation were applied. Comparisons of within‐ and between‐day reproducibility and between measurement techniques were completed using Pearson correlations and Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsBoth Pearson correlation and Bland–Altman analysis showed good within‐ and between‐day relationships and agreement for BF from ADP and BIA measurements. The two methods had a high correlation between them; however, the mean difference between the two was 3.1% (4.1%). From the skinfold equations used, the best agreement with ADP had a mean difference of 0.3% (0.8%) and, with BIA, had mean differences of 1.9% (4.2%).ConclusionsThe data indicate that ADP and BIA cannot be used interchangeably, although both measurements had good within‐ and between‐day agreement.
Complications and Patient‐Centered Outcomes with an Implant‐Supported Monolithic Zirconia Fixed Dental Prosthesis: 1 Year Results
Authors: Limmer Bryan , Sanders Anne E. , Reside Glenn , Cooper Lyndon F. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeTo characterize the number and type of complications that occur with a monolithic zirconia fixed dental prosthesis (MZ‐FDP) supported by four endosseous implants in the edentulous mandible over time and to quantify the impact of treatment on oral health quality of life (OHQoL).MethodsSeventeen edentulous participants were enrolled. New conventional dentures were fabricated for each participant. Four Astra Tech Osseospeed TX implants (Dentsply) were then placed in the parasymphyseal mandible, and after a period of healing, a full‐arch monolithic zirconia prosthesis (Zirkonzahn) was inserted. Complication data were recorded and OHQoL was evaluated using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐49), administered on four occasions: enrollment; implant surgery; and 6‐ and 12‐month recalls.ResultsSixty‐eight implants were placed in 17 edentulous individuals aged 30 to 78 (mean 57.9 years). Implant survival was 94% from the subject perspective and 99% from the implant perspective. Prosthesis survival was 88%. Twelve complications occurred in ten participants, whereas seven participants remained complication free. Both OHIP‐49 severity and extent scores decreased significantly between enrollment and 12‐month recall (p < 0.001). The mean OHIP‐49 severity score at baseline was 94.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73.9, 115.8) and declined an average of 76.8 (95% CI: –91.3, –62.3) units per participant. The mean OHIP‐49 extent score at baseline was 17.2 (95% CI: 10.8, 23.6) and declined 16.3 (95% CI: –20.2, –12.4) units per participant on average.ConclusionsImplant survival was high, and few complications related to the MZ‐FDP were observed. The most common prosthetic complication was tooth chipping in the opposing maxillary denture, which accounted for 50% of all complication events. Substantial and clinically important improvements in OHQoL were achieved with both conventional dentures and the implant‐supported MZ‐FDP. The data of this short‐term study indicate that the implant‐supported MZ‐FDP is a therapeutic option with particular advantages in the edentulous mandible that warrants further long‐term study.
Rising incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis: a large population‐based study
Authors: Boonstra Kirsten , Kunst Anton E. , Stadhouders Paul H. , Tuynman Hans A. , Poen Alexander C. , van Nieuwkerk Karin. M. J. , Witteman Ellen M. , Hamann Dörte , Witteman Ben J. , Beuers Ulrich , Ponsioen Cyriel Y. ,   the Epi PSC PBC study group
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsLarge population‐based studies are much needed to accurately establish the epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We aimed to collect all PBC patients in a geographically defined area to evaluate the epidemiology of PBC and examine the possible association of PBC with smoking, age at menarche, age at first pregnancy and number of pregnancies.MethodsAll PBC patients between 2000 and 2008 were identified in a geographically defined area of the Netherlands, comprising 50% of the Dutch population. Four independent hospital databases were searched in 44 hospitals. Medical records were reviewed on site verifying diagnosis and for collection of clinical data. Age‐ and gender matched controls were recruited from the outpatient clinics of four participating hospitals. Patients and controls were asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding family history, previous and current smoking behaviour and fertility status.ResultsNine hundred and ninety‐two PBC patients fulfilled all inclusion criteria, resulting in a mean incidence of 1.1 per 100 000; 0.3 in men and 1.9 in women. On January 1st 2008 the point prevalence was 13.2 per 100 000 inhabitants. Incidence and prevalence rates were increasing over time (P < 0.001). No geographical differences in disease distribution were observed. Smoking behaviour, age at menarche, age at first pregnancy, gravidity and number of children were not significantly different between cases and controls.ConclusionIncidence and prevalence rates of PBC are increasing over time. PBC was not found to be associated with smoking, age at menarche, age at first pregnancy or number of pregnancies.
Host perception of jasmonates promotes infection by Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales that produce isoleucine‐ and leucine‐conjugated jasmonates
Authors: Cole Stephanie J. , Yoon Alexander J. , Faull Kym F. , Diener Andrew C. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThree pathogenic forms, or formae speciales (f. spp.), of Fusarium oxysporum infect the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana below ground, instigating symptoms of wilt disease in leaves above ground. In previous reports, Arabidopsis mutants that are deficient in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid or salicylic acid or insensitive to ethylene or jasmonates exhibited either more or less wilt disease, than the wild‐type, implicating the involvement of hormones in the normal host response to F. oxysporum. Our analysis of hormone‐related mutants finds no evidence that endogenous hormones contribute to infection in roots. Mutants that are deficient in abscisic acid and insensitive to ethylene show no less infection than the wild‐type, although they exhibit less disease. Whether a mutant that is insensitive to jasmonates affects infection depends on which forma specialis (f. sp.) is infecting the roots. Insensitivity to jasmonates suppresses infection by F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans and F. oxysporum f. sp. matthioli, which produce isoleucine‐ and leucine‐conjugated jasmonate (JA‐Ile/Leu), respectively, in culture filtrates, whereas insensitivity to jasmonates has no effect on infection by F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani, which produces no detectable JA‐Ile/Leu. Furthermore, insensitivity to jasmonates has no effect on wilt disease of tomato, and the tomato pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici produces no detectable jasmonates. Thus, some, but not all, F. oxysporum pathogens appear to utilize jasmonates as effectors, promoting infection in roots and/or the development of symptoms in shoots. Only when the infection of roots is promoted by jasmonates is wilt disease enhanced in a mutant deficient in salicylic acid biosynthesis.
Chronic renal failure of unknown origin is caused by HNF1B mutations in 9% of adult patients: A single centre cohort analysis
Authors: Musetti Claudio , Quaglia Marco , Mellone Simona , Pagani Alessia , Fusco Ileana , Monzani Alice , Giordano Mara , Stratta Piero 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundHNF1B gene mutations might be an underdiagnosed cause of nephropathy in adult patients mainly because of their pleomorphic clinical presentations. As most studies are based on paediatric populations, it is difficult to assess the likelihood of finding HNF1B mutations in adult patients and consequently define clinical settings in which genetic analysis is indicated. The aim of this study was the search for mutations in the HNF1B gene in a cohort of unrelated adult patients with nephropathy of unknown aetiology.MethodsPatients were tested for the HNF1B gene if they had chronic kidney disease of unknown origin and renal structure abnormalities (RSA) or a positive family history of nephropathy. The HNF1B coding sequence and intron–exon boundaries were analysed by direct sequencing. The search for gene deletions was performed by Multiple Ligation Probe Analysis (MLPA).ResultsHeterozygous mutations were identified in 6 out of 67 screened patients (9.0%) and included two whole gene deletions, one nonsense (p.Gln136Stop), two missense (p.Gly76Cys and p.Ala314Thr) mutations and a frameshift microdeletion (c.384_390 delCATGCAG), the latter two (c.384_390 del and p.Ala314Thr) not ever being reported to date. Mean age of the mutated patients at screening was 48.5 years with a M/F ratio of 2/4. The clinical manifestations of affected patients were extremely pleomorphic, including several urological and extra‐renal manifestations.ConclusionsMutations of HNF1B could explain chronic kidney disease in up to 9% of adult patients with a nephropathy of unknown aetiology and RSA: therefore an HNF1B mutation analysis should be considered in this group of patients.
Effect of sulfa drugs on kidney function and renal scintigraphy
Authors: Mustafa Seham , Alsughayer Abdulhakeem , Elgazzar Abdelhamid , Elassar Abdelzaher , Al Sagheer Fakhria 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimThe sulfonamide group is widely used for bacterial diseases including kidney and urinary tract infections. The present study investigates the effect of a sulfa drug on kidney function and renography studies by using a radionuclide.MethodsRenography studies were performed on New Zealand white rabbits. Each rabbit was injected with 48.1 MBq technetium‐99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc‐MAG‐3). Dynamic images were acquired using a gamma camera. Radioactivity time curves were generated from the regions of interest, time to peak activity (Tmax) and time from peak to 50% activity (T1/2). Each rabbit served as its own control. The sulfa drug was given to these rabbits for 7 days (i.v injection 130 mg/kg daily in two divided doses; i.e. the single dose is 65 mg/kg), then dynamic images were acquired.ResultsTreatment with sulfa shifted the experimental curves to the right of the control curves. This result showed that there was a delayed renal uptake of 99mTc‐MAG‐3 and its clearance. Calculated averages of Tmax were 2.2 ± 0.3 and 5.9 ± 0.5 min; while for T1/2 were 3.1 ± 0.3 and 8.4 ± 0.6 min for control and sulfa‐treated rabbits, respectively (n = 20; P < 0.05).ConclusionOur results indicate that sulfa drug induced pharmacokinetic changes because of delaying both the Tmax and T1/2. Sulfa drug has an effect on the reabsorption from the renal tubules and the excretion process of 99mTc‐MAG‐3 which is excreted almost exclusively by the renal tubules. Therefore, sulfa drug causes a deterioration in kidney function and an alteration on radionuclide renography.
Cephalometric assessment of craniofacial dysmorphologies in relation with Msx2 mutations in mouse
Authors: Simon Y. , Marchadier A. , Riviere M. K. , Vandamme K. , Koenig F. , Lezot F. , Trouve A. , Benhamou C. L. , Saffar J. L. , Berdal A. , Nefussi J. R. 
Published: January 2014

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo determine the role of Msx2 in craniofacial morphology and growth, we used a mouse model and performed a quantitative morphological characterization of the Msx2 −/− and the Msx2 +/− phenotype using a 2D cephalometric analysis applied on micrographs.Materials and MethodsForty‐four three‐and‐a‐half‐month‐old female CD1 mice were divided into the following three groups: Msx2 +/+ (n = 16), Msx2 +/− (n = 16), and Msx2 −/− (n = 12). Profile radiographs were scanned. Modified cephalometric analysis was performed to compare the three groups.ResultsCompared with the wild‐type mice, the Msx2 −/− mutant mice presented an overall craniofacial size decrease and modifications of the shape of the different parts of the craniofacial skeleton, namely the neurocranium, the viscerocranium, the mandible, and the teeth. In particular, dysmorphologies were seen in the cochlear apparatus and the teeth (taurodontism, reduced incisor curvature). Finally contrary to previous published results, we were able to record a specific phenotype of the Msx2 +/− mice with this methodology. This Msx2 +/− mouse phenotype was not intermediate between the Msx2 −/− and the wild‐type animals.ConclusionMsx2 plays an important role in craniofacial morphogenesis and growth because almost all craniofacial structures were affected in the Msx2−/− mice including both intramembranous and endochondral bones, the cochlear apparatus, and the teeth. In addition, Msx2 haploinsufficiency involves a specific phenotype with subtle craniofacial structures modifications compared with human mutations.
Analysis of the association of COL2A1 and IGF‐1 with mandibular prognathism in a Chinese population
Authors: Xue F. , Rabie A. B. M. , Luo G. 
Published: January 2014

Structured AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we performed a case–control association analysis to determine whether the candidate genes COL2A1 and IGF‐1 are susceptibility genes for mandibular prognathism (MP).MethodsEleven and five single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in COL2A1 and IGF‐1, respectively, were selected and genotyped in 211 cases and 224 controls. The individual SNPs and the relevant haplotypes were analyzed and tested for an association with MP, to identify genes potentially associated with MP.ResultsIn the analysis of individual SNPs, the SNP rs1793953 in the COL2A1 gene showed a possible association with MP with regard to allelic frequency and genotypic distribution (p = 0.031; p = 0.025, respectively) in the 211 cases and 224 controls. The A allele of rs1793953 was associated with a significantly decreased risk of MP (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58–0.97). Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis revealed that MP was not associated with haplotypes that included the rs1793953 alleles. IGF‐1 gene did not show the association with MP.ConclusionAn association between polymorphism in the COL2A1 gene and MP was observed. The results suggested that the COL2A1 gene could be a new susceptibility gene for use in the study of genetic risk factors for MP.
Tommotiids from the early Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 3) of Morocco and the evolution of the tannuolinid scleritome and setigerous shell structures in stem group brachiopods
Authors: Skovsted Christian B. , Clausen Sébastien , Álvaro Javier J. , Ponlevé Deborah 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn assemblage of tannuolinid sclerites is described from the Amouslek Formation (Souss Basin) of the Anti‐Atlas Mountains in Morocco. The assemblage contains two species, Tannuolina maroccana n. sp., which is represented by a small number of mitral and sellate sclerites, and Micrina sp., represented by a single mitral sclerite. Tannuolina maroccana differs from other species of the genus in the presence of both bilaterally symmetrical and strongly asymmetrical sellate sclerites. This observation suggests that the scleritome of Tannuolina was more complex than previously thought and that this tommotiid may have held a more basal position in the brachiopod stem group than previously assumed. The shell structure of both T. maroccana and Micrina sp. is well preserved and exhibits two fundamentally different sets of tubular structures, only one of which was likely to contain shell‐penetrating setae. Based on these observations, the structure of the tannuolinid shell is discussed and its implications for the evolution of tubular microstructures in stem and crown group brachiopods are analysed.