bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered structural brain connectome in young adult fragile X premutation carriers
Authors: Leow Alex , Harvey Danielle , Goodrich‐Hunsaker Naomi J. , Gadelkarim Johnson , Kumar Anand , Zhan Liang , Rivera Susan M. , Simon Tony J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFragile X premutation carriers (fXPC) are characterized by 55–200 CGG trinucleotide repeats in the 5′ untranslated region on the Xq27.3 site of the X chromosome. Clinically, they are associated with the fragile X‐Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome, a late‐onset neurodegenerative disorder with diffuse white matter neuropathology. Here, we conducted first‐ever graph theoretical network analyses in fXPCs using 30‐direction diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance images acquired from 42 healthy controls aged 18–44 years (HC; 22 male and 20 female) and 46 fXPCs (16 male and 30 female). Globally, we found no differences between the fXPCs and HCs within each gender for all global graph theoretical measures. In male fXPCs, global efficiency was significantly negatively associated with the number of CGG repeats. For nodal measures, significant group differences were found between male fXPCs and male HCs in the right fusiform and the right ventral diencephalon (for nodal efficiency), and in the left hippocampus [for nodal clustering coefficient (CC)]. In female fXPCs, CC in the left superior parietal cortex correlated with counting performance in an enumeration task. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4518–4530, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalysis and inactivation of tyrosinase in its action on hydroxyhydroquinone
Authors: del Mar Garcia‐Molina Maria , Muñoz‐Muñoz Jose Luis , Berna Jose , García‐Ruiz Pedro Antonio , Rodriguez‐Lopez Jose Neptuno , Garcia‐Canovas Francisco 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ) was characterized kinetically as a tyrosinase substrate. A kinetic mechanism is proposed, in which HHQ is considered as a monophenol or as an o‐diphenol, depending on the part of the molecule that interacts with the enzyme. The kinetic parameters obtained from an analysis of the measurements of the initial steady state rate of 2‐hydroxy p‐benzoquinone formation were
= 229.0 ± 7.7 s−1 and
= 0.40 ± 0.05 mM. Furthermore, the action of tyrosinase on HHQ led to the enzyme's inactivation through a suicide inactivation mechanism. This suicide inactivation process was characterized kinetically by
(the apparent maximum inactivation constant) and r, the number of turnovers made by 1 mol of enzyme before being inactivated. The values of
and r were (8.2 ± 0.1) × 10−3 s−1 and 35,740 ± 2,548, respectively. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(2):122–127, 2014
Osteogenic differentiation on DLC‐PDMS‐h surface
Authors: Soininen Antti , Kaivosoja Emilia , Sillat Tarvo , Virtanen Sannakaisa , Konttinen Yrjö T. , Tiainen Veli‐Matti 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe hypothesis was that anti‐fouling diamond‐like carbon polydimethylsiloxane hybrid (DLC‐PDMS‐h) surface impairs early and late cellular adhesion and matrix–cell interactions. The effect of hybrid surface on cellular adhesion and cytoskeletal organization, important for osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC), where therefore compared with plain DLC and titanium (Ti). hMSCs were induced to osteogenesis and followed over time using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS), immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and hydroxyapatite (HA) staining. SEM at 7.5 hours showed that initial adherence and spreading of hMSC was poor on DLC‐PDMS‐h. At 5 days some hMSC were undergoing condensation and apoptotic fragmentation, whereas cells on DLC and Ti grew well. DAPI–actin–vinculin triple staining disclosed dwarfed cells with poorly organized actin cytoskeleton‐focal complex/adhesion‐growth substrate attachments on hybrid coating, whereas spread cells, organized microfilament bundles, and focal adhesions were seen on DLC and in particular on Ti. Accordingly, at day one ToF‐SIMS mass peaks showed poor protein adhesion to DLC‐PDMS‐h compared with DLC and Ti. COL1A1, ALP, OP mRNA levels at days 0, 7, 14, 21, and/or 28 and lack of HA deposition at day 28 demonstrated delayed or failed osteogenesis on DLC‐PDMS‐h. Anti‐fouling DLC‐PDMS‐h is a poor cell adhesion substrate during the early protein adsorption‐dependent phase and extracellular matrix‐dependent late phase. Accordingly, some hMSCs underwent anoikis‐type apoptosis and failed to complete osteogenesis, due to few focal adhesions and poor cell‐to‐ECM contacts. DLC‐PDMS‐h seems to be a suitable coating for non‐integrating implants/devices designed for temporary use. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1462–1472, 2014.
2‐Distance Coloring of Sparse Graphs
Authors: Bonamy Marthe , Lévêque Benjamin , Pinlou Alexandre 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFor graphs of bounded maximum average degree, we consider the problem of 2‐distance coloring, that is, the problem of coloring the vertices while ensuring that two vertices that are adjacent or have a common neighbor receive different colors. We prove that graphs with maximum average degree less than and maximum degree Δ at least 4 are 2‐distance ‐colorable, which is optimal and improves previous results from Dolama and Sopena, and from Borodin et al. We also prove that graphs with maximum average degree less than (resp. , ) and maximum degree Δ at least 5 (resp. 6, 8) are list 2‐distance ‐colorable, which improves previous results from Borodin et al., and from Ivanova. We prove that any graph with maximum average degree m less than and with large enough maximum degree Δ (depending only on m) can be list 2‐distance ‐colored. There exist graphs with arbitrarily large maximum degree and maximum average degree less than 3 that cannot be 2‐distance ‐colored: the question of what happens between and 3 remains open. We prove also that any graph with maximum average degree can be list 2‐distance ‐colored (C depending only on m). It is optimal as there exist graphs with arbitrarily large maximum degree and maximum average degree less than 4 that cannot be 2‐distance colored with less than colors. Most of the above results can be transposed to injective list coloring with one color less.
Projected changes in hailstorms during the 21st century over the UK
Authors: Sanderson M. G. , Hand W. H. , Groenemeijer P. , Boorman P. M. , Webb J. D. C. , McColl L. J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTHailstorms can pose a significant threat to society, by damaging property and disrupting livelihoods. An understanding of how hailstorm characteristics may change under a warming climate is therefore important for assessing the risk of hail damage for the insurance industry. A simple model of hailstone formation has been driven using meteorological data produced by a regional climate model (RCM) to project how hailstorm numbers and hailstone sizes could change during the 21st century in the UK. Evaluation of the modelled hailstone sizes, numbers and spatial distributions showed that they agreed reasonably well with observations. The effect of climate change on the numbers of damaging hailstorms in the UK (hailstones with diameters greater than 15 mm) was then investigated. A downward trend in the total number of damaging hailstorms during the 21st century was projected, with statistically significant trends for hailstones with diameters between 21 and 50 mm. Melting of hailstones made little contribution to the projected reductions. The results are subject to large uncertainties, some of which originate with the convective parameterization scheme used by the climate model.
The role of traditional varieties of tomato as sources of functional compounds
Authors: Cortés‐Olmos Carles , Leiva‐Brondo Miguel , Roselló José , Raigón María D , Cebolla‐Cornejo Jaime 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDTraditional varieties of tomato, usually associated with excellent organoleptic quality, are increasingly appreciated in European quality markets. A collection of 126 populations of 16 traditional varieties from the east of Spain (a secondary diversity center for tomato) have been evaluated over 2 years in order to determine their potential value as sources of functional compounds, including ascorbic acid, lycopene, β‐carotene and total phenolic content.RESULTSPopulation and population × year interaction significantly affected lycopene and ascorbic acid contents, while year effect was also significant for β‐carotene. Despite finding some global trends in certain varieties concerning their functional value, high levels of variation have been found at the intra‐varietal level. Populations with high levels of the compounds analysed have been found, as well as different levels of intra‐population and inter‐year variation. Maximum mean contents for both years have reached 308 mg kg−1 ascorbic acid, 130 mg kg−1 lycopene, 30 mg kg−1 β‐carotene and 89 mg caffeic acid 100 g−1 total phenolic contents, though it is difficult to identify accessions with joint high values of the three compounds.CONCLUSIONThese results open the possibility to promote traditional materials as sources of functional compounds, thus strengthening their quality niches and consolidating their price premium. Additionally, these materials could also be used in breeding programs for quality. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Esterification of fatty acids by Penicillium crustosum lipase in a membrane reactor
Authors: Possebom Gessica , Nyari Nádia LD , Zeni Jamile , Steffens Juliana , Rigo Elisandra , Di Luccio Marco 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated the performance of a membrane reactor system for esterification of oleic acid and butyric acid with ethanol by Penicillium crustosum lipase using polyethersulfone membranes with molecular weight cut‐offs of 30, 60 and 100 kDa at pressures up to 200 kPa.RESULTSThe confinement of lipase with 60 and 100 kDa membranes showed the best results. The esterification of butyric acid in the membrane reactor and with free lipase showed higher conversions than those obtained with oleic acid, since the system operated with oleic acid was more subject to fouling and thus could not be run for repeated cycles.CONCLUSIONThe confinement of lipase from P. crustosum in a membrane reactor was possible, resulting in the satisfactory conversion of butyric acid to ethyl butyrate with the possibility of reuse of the immobilized enzyme. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Concept of double salt fortification; a tool to curtail micronutrient deficiencies and improve human health status
Authors: Sultan Saira , Anjum Faqir Muhammad , Butt Masood Sadiq , Huma Nuzhat , Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFortification of food with micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals is one of the main strategies used to combat micronutrient deficiencies. Fortification in common salt is a fruitful strategy because of the daily consumption of 5–12 g salt per person globally. Therefore double fortification of salt with iodine and iron could be a reasonable approach to prevent both iodine and iron deficiencies. It is reckoned that about two billion people are iodine‐deficient worldwide. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy may affect the health status of both mother and fetus and increase infant mortality. Deficiencies of both these micronutrients during childhood affect somatic growth and cognitive and neurological function. Thyroid metabolism is negatively affected by iron deficiency and reduced effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis in areas of endemic goiter. High prevalence of iron deficiency among children may be reduced by the application of effective iodized salt programs. However, ensuring the stability and bioavailability of both iron and iodine as double‐fortified salt is difficult. Iodine present in iodide or iodate form in dual‐fortified salt is oxidized to free iodine in the presence of ferrous ions and oxygen and consequently loses its characteristics. Moreover, ferrous iron is more bioavailable but is readily oxidized to the less bioavailable ferric form. However, both forms of iron may lead to discoloration of the final product, which can be reduced by providing a physical barrier around the iron. Salt encapsulation is one of the best tools to provide a physical barrier for undesirable reactions and interactions during storage. In this review the concept of dual salt fortification, the impact of fortification on curing various life‐threatening maladies, latest assessments of mineral deficiencies and the choice of fortificants are discussed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Facile Production of Polypyrrole Nanofibers Using a Freeze‐Drying Method
Authors: Lee Doyun , Zhang Chengyi , Gao Haifeng 
Published: February 2014

Conjugated polymer nanofibers with lengths of tens of micrometers and diameters of hundreds of nanometers are prepared via the assembly of polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles in water using a freeze‐drying method. The structure and uniformity of the PPy nanofibers are critically affected by the processing conditions, such as the freezing temperature and the concentration of the latex dispersion. These nanofibers are subsequently applied as vapor sensors for efficient detection of organic explosive chemicals.
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Alpha‐synuclein repeat variants and survival in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chung Sun Ju , Biernacka Joanna M. , Armasu Sebastian M. , Anderson Kari , Frigerio Roberta , Aasly Jan O. , Annesi Grazia , Bentivoglio Anna Rita , Brighina Laura , Chartier‐Harlin Marie‐Christine , Goldwurm Stefano , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios , Jasinska‐Myga Barbara , Jeon Beom Seok , Kim Yun Joong , Krüger Rejko , Lesage Suzanne , Markopoulou Katerina , Mellick George , Morrison Karen E. , Puschmann Andreas , Tan Eng‐King , Crosiers David , Theuns Jessie , Van Broeckhoven Christine , Wirdefeldt Karin , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Elbaz Alexis , Maraganore Demetrius M. ,   on behalf of the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease Consortium
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine whether α‐synuclein dinucleotide repeat (REP1) genotypes are associated with survival in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsInvestigators from the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease Consortium provided REP1 genotypes and baseline and follow‐up clinical data for cases. The primary outcome was time to death. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association of REP1 genotypes with survival.ResultsTwenty‐one sites contributed data for 6,154 cases. There was no significant association between α‐synuclein REP1 genotypes and survival in PD. However, there was a significant association between REP1 genotypes and age at onset of PD (hazard ratio: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.01‐1.10; P value = 0.01).ConclusionsIn our large consortium study, α‐synuclein REP1 genotypes were not associated with survival in PD. Further studies of α‐synuclein's role in disease progression and long‐term outcomes are needed. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Scars of Parturition? Influences Beyond Parity
Authors: Maass P. , Friedling L. J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the 40 years since the phrase ‘scars of parturition’ was coined, studies have attempted to show the relationship between scars on the bony pelvis and parity history. Despite numerous studies, the relationship of parity and scarring remains unclear. The challenge facing these studies is the rarity of skeletal collections of known parity. The alternative study approach is examining relationships between scars and factors other than pregnancy‐related strains that may affect their manifestation.Skeletal remains of 312 individuals were examined for scarring at the dorsal pubic surface, pubic tubercle, preauricular sulcus, interosseous groove and iliac tuberosity. Pelvic and femoral measurements were also taken. Features were compared according to sex and age. Principal components analysis was performed to assess the influence of body and pelvic size on scar manifestation.Scars occurred in both sexes, although they were more common and more severe in females. Scar severity remained unchanged or increased with age in both sexes. Females had smaller bodies but larger pelves than males. The interspinous and transverse inlet diameters and the femur measurements increased with age. Principal components analysis showed that body and pelvic sizes represented the majority of the observed variation, with scars occurring more commonly in small‐bodied individuals with large pelves, most of which were females. Both sexes also show a difference in the magnitude of scarring at the pubis and ilium.These results suggest that weight‐bearing and pelvic stability may be a better explanation for scarring than parturition‐related strain. Female pelves are more flexible and require more ligamentous stabilization, causing increased scar formation. The weight‐bearing strain on male pelves may sometimes also be sufficiently large to cause similar scars.Future studies may be able to test this theory on samples of known parity history. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation lessons and pitfalls for real‐time optimal control with stochastic systems
Authors: Ross Steven M. , Cobb Richard G. , Baker William P. , Harmon Frederick G. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryModern computational power and efficient direct collocation techniques are decreasing the solution time required for the optimal control problem, making real‐time optimal control (RTOC) feasible for modern systems. Current trends in the literature indicate that many authors are applying RTOC with a recursive open‐loop structure, relying on a high recursion rate for implicit state feedback to counter disturbances and other unmodeled effects without explicit closed‐loop control. The limitations of using rapid, instantaneous optimal solutions are demonstrated analytically and through application to a surface‐to‐air missile avoidance control system. Two methods are proposed for control structure implementation when using RTOC to take advantage of error integration through either classical feedback or disturbance estimation. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Cover Picture: Diastereoselective Additive Trifluoromethylation/Halogenation of Isoxazole Triflones: Synthesis of All‐Carbon‐Functionalized Trifluoromethyl Isoxazoline Triflones (ChemistryOpen 1/2014)
Authors: Kawai Hiroyuki , Sugita Yutaka , Tokunaga Etsuko , Sato Hiroyasu , Shiro Motoo , Shibata Norio 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNo Abstract
Nanocomposites based on crosslinked polyacrylic latex/silver nanoparticles for waterborne high‐performance antibacterial coatings
Authors: Yilmaz Onur , Karesoja Mikko , Adiguzel A. Candas , Zengin Gokhan , Tenhu Heikki 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTFunctional polymer/AgNPs nanocomposites have been prepared. Silver nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized to which polyacrylamide, PAAm, was covalently bound. PAAm was synthesized via a RAFT reaction and carried thiol and carboxylic acid end groups. Thiol was used to bind the polymer to the metal surface and carboxyl for further reactions. The AgNPs were used in a post‐crosslinking reaction with a separately synthesized poly(butyl acrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate)/polyglycidyl methacrylate core/shell latex bearing epoxy functional groups. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the functional AgNPs effectively crosslinked the latex polymer, and that the final product had excellent mechanical strength. Antibacterial tests revealed that the nanocomposite films had strong antibacterial activity against all types of the bacteria and the immobilization of silver NPs by crosslinking retarded the release of silver in comparison to the uncrosslinked ones. With the presented method, it is possible to obtain ductile antibacterial nanocomposites to be used as waterborne functional coatings. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1435–1447
Characterization of InGaN quantum disks in GaN nanowires
Authors: Roshko A. , Geiss R. H. , Schlager J. B. , Brubaker M. D. , Bertness K. A. , Sanford N. A. , Harvey T. E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCatalyst‐free GaN nanowires with InGaN quantum disks (QDs) were characterized by scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) and photoluminescence. A variety of structures, from QDs with large strain fields to apparently strain free QDs were observed. TEM lattice imaging revealed dislocations in the QD regions of the samples. Stacking faults were also observed and appear to be associated with the GaN growth temperature rather than the presence of indium. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy in the TEM revealed indium concentrated in stacking faults but not always localized in the QD regions. Photoluminescence spectra show a red‐shift, possibly associated with indium concentration. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multi‐stage tandem mass spectrometric analysis of novel β‐cyclodextrin‐substituted and novel bis‐pyridinium gemini surfactants designed as nanomedical drug delivery agents
Authors: Donkuru McDonald , Chitanda Jackson M. , Verrall Ronald E. , El‐Aneed Anas 
Published: February 2014

RATIONALEThis study aimed at evaluating the collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometric (CID‐MS/MS) fragmentation patterns of novel β‐cyclodextrin‐substituted‐ and bis‐pyridinium gemini surfactants currently being explored as nanomaterial drug delivery agents. In the β‐cyclodextrin‐substituted gemini surfactants, a β‐cyclodextrin ring is grafted onto an N,N‐bis(dimethylalkyl)‐α,ω‐aminoalkane‐diammonium moiety using variable succinyl linkers. In contrast, the bis‐pyridinium gemini surfactants are based on a 1,1'‐(1,1'‐(ethane‐1,2‐diylbis(sulfanediyl))bis(alkane‐2,1‐diyl))dipyridinium template, defined by two symmetrical N‐alkylpyridinium parts connected through a fixed ethane dithiol spacer.METHODSDetection of the precursor ion [M]2+ species of the synthesized compounds and the determination of mass accuracies were conducted using a QqTOF‐MS instrument. A multi‐stage tandem MS analysis of the detected [M]2+ species was conducted using the QqQ‐LIT‐MS instrument. Both instruments were equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source.RESULTSAbundant precursor ion [M]2+ species were detected for all compounds at sub‐1 ppm mass accuracies. The β‐cyclodextrin‐substituted compounds, fragmented via two main pathways: Pathway 1: the loss of one head‐tail region produces a [M–(N(Me)2‐R)]2+ ion, from which sugar moieties (Glc) are sequentially cleaved; Pathway 2: both head‐tail regions are lost to give [M–2(N(Me)2‐R)]+, followed by consecutive loss of Glc units. Alternatively, the cleavage of the Glc units could also have occurred simultaneously. Nevertheless, the fragmentation evolved around the quaternary ammonium cations, with characteristic cleavage of Glc moieties. For the bis‐pyridinium gemini compounds, they either lost neutral pyridine(s) to give doubly charged ions (Pathway A) or formed complementary pyridinium alongside other singly charged ions (Pathway B). Similar to β‐cyclodextrin‐substituted compounds, the fragmentation was centered on the pyridinium functional groups.CONCLUSIONSThe MSn analyses of these novel gemini surfactants, reported here for the first time, revealed diagnostic ions for each compound, with a universal fragmentation pattern for each compound series. The diagnostic ions will be employed within liquid chromatography (LC)/MS/MS methods for screening, identification, and quantification of these compounds within biological samples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.