bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endometrial cancer and microsatellite instability status
Authors: Kanopiene Daiva , Vidugiriene Jolanta , Povilas Valuckas Konstantinas , Smailyte Giedre , Uleckiene Saule , Bacher Jeff 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is an important
factor in the development of various cancers as an identifier
of a defective DNA mismatch repair system. The objective
of our study was to define the association between
microsatellite instability status and traditional clinicopathologic
characteristics of endometrioid type adenocarcinoma.
Material and methods: MSI status of endometrial
cancer was examined by employing the Promega
MSI Analysis System. This system uses 5 mononucleotide
markers to identify MSI in tumour and normal tissue DNA
(BAT-25, BAT-26, NR-21, NR-24, and MONO-27), and 2 pentanucleotide
markers (Penta C and Penta D) for specimen
identification. In this study, we investigated MSI status
in 109 endometrial carcinomas. Results and conclusions:
One hundred (92%) of 109 endometrial cancers showed
endometrioid type histology and only 9 (8%) non-endometrioid
type. MSI-high was found in 17% (17/100)
of endometrioid type adenocarcinomas, in 0% (0/9) of
non-endometrioid carcinomas. Selected clinicopathologic
parameters for endometrioid type adenocarcinomas were
compared to the MSI status which was separated into two
groups – MSI-high and MSI stable. The results showed
that MSI-high status was related to clinicopathologic
parameters such as deep myometrial invasion and higher
histologic grade in endometrioid type adenocarcinomas.
Quick and effective method of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell extraction
Authors: Gudleviciene Zivile , Kundrotas Gabrielis , Liudkeviciene Regina , Rascon Jelena , Jurga Marcin 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently exploited in numerous clinical trials to investigate their potential in immune regulation, hematopoesis or tissue regeneration. The most common source of MSCs for clinical use is human bone marrow. To generate sufficient numbers of cells relevant to clinical use in most cases the high volumes (20-50 ml) of bone marrow aspirates are taken. Methods. In this pilot study, 8 healthy bone marrow donors were included. Two different MSC extraction methods were evaluated: MSCs extraction from 60 ml of bone marrow using density gradient and MSCs extraction from 6 ml using red blood cell (RBC) lysis. Results. Our results showed that after RBC lysis the efficient amount of human MSCs can be isolated from 10 times less bone marrow volume (6 ml). Moreover, using small volume of bone marrow the adequate therapeutical dose of MSCs could be achieved during similar period of time (3-4 weeks). In conclusion, we have shown that MSCs isolation using RBC lysis is an effective and more advantageous method in comparison to standard MSCs isolation using density-gradient. Using RBC lysis from small volume of bone marrow the same amount of MSCs were obtained as usually using large volume and density-gradient.
Contra Spem Spero: The Third Sector’s Resilience in the Face of Political Turbulence and Legislative Change in Ukraine
Authors: Krasynska Svitlana 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe iconic Ukrainian poem, “Contra Spem Spero,” with its theme of resilience in the face of enduring hardships, appears as salient for the Ukrainian people today as when it was composed more than a hundred years ago. Political instability and a far from favorable legislative system have affected Ukraine’s society in a variety of ways since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. How have Ukraine’s nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) been shaped by these conditions? A review of academic and applied literature, as well as governmental reports and legislative texts, reveals that the political and legislative environment in Ukraine is highly unstable and, at times, antagonistic to NGOs. However, indicators of sector activity and interviews with Ukrainian nonprofits suggest that the sector, overall, has not changed significantly during the last decade of substantial political and legislative changes. This paper suggests that Ukrainian nonprofits (much like Ukrainian society in general) appear to exist in a parallel universe with the governmental and legislative world. Ukrainian nonprofits are generally not supported by and are largely independent from the government. The concept of a shadow economy in Ukraine is discussed as a way of understanding how nonprofit organizations continue to function in what is often an adverse policy environment.
“Contra Spem Spero” (1890), translated from Latin as “Against all Hope I Hope,” is the title of a poem by one of Ukraine’s most revered poets, Lesya Ukraїnka.
The importance of iron chelation and iron availability during PpIX-induced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Curnow Alison , Pye Andrew 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground:Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)-induced photodynamic therapy (PDT) is being utilised as a topical method of localised ablation of certain non-melanoma skin cancers and precancers. Standardised protocols have been implemented to good effect when the disease remains superficial but improvement is required to treat thicker or acrally located conditions. Concurrent administration of an iron chelator during PpIX-PDT has been demonstrated to increase cellular accumulation of PpIX by reducing its bioconversion to haem (an iron dependent process) thus increasing cell kill on subsequent irradiation. Iron however, can also play a role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and limiting its availability via chemical chelation could theoretically reduce the efficacy of PpIX-PDT, so that a response less than that maximally feasible is produced.Materials and methods:The effects of iron availability and chelation on PpIX-PDT have therefore been investigated via fluorescence quantification of PpIX accumulation, single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) measurement of ROS-induced DNA damage and trypan blue exclusion assessment of cell viability. Cultured human cells were utilised and incubated in standardised iron conditions with the PpIX precursor’s aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) or its methyl ester (MAL) in the presence or absence of either of the iron chelating agents desferrioxamine (DFO) or hydroxypyridinone (CP94), or alternatively iron sulphate as a source of iron.Results:ALA or MAL incubation was found to significantly increase cellular PpIX accumulation pre-irradiation as anticipated and this observation correlated with both significantly increased DNA damage and reduced cellular viability following irradiation. Co-incubation with either of the iron chelators investigated (DFO or CP94) significantly increased pre-irradiation PpIX accumulation as well as DNA damage and cell death on irradiation indicating the positive effect of iron chelation on the effectiveness of PpIX-induced PDT. The opposite effects were observed however, when the cells were co-incubated with iron sulphate, with significant reductions in pre-irradiation PpIX accumulation (ALA only) and DNA damage (ALA and MAL) being recorded indicating the negative effects excessive iron can have on PpIX-PDT effectiveness. Some dark toxicity produced by iron sulphate administration in non-irradiated control groups was also observed.Conclusion:Iron chelation and availability have therefore been observed to positively and adversely affect the PpIX-PDT process respectively and it is concluded that the effects of increased PpIX accumulation pre-irradiation produced via iron chelation outweigh any limitations reduced iron availability may have on the ability of iron to catalyse ROS generation/cascades following PpIX-induced PDT. Further investigation of iron chelation within dermatological applications where enhanced PpIX-PDT treatment effects would be beneficial is therefore warranted.
Influence of methyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate copolymers on the compatibility, morphology and mechanical properties of poly(butylene terephthalate) and polycarbonate blends
Authors: Jinxin He , Yang Guo , Shulin Sun , Huixuan Zhang 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Methyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate copolymers (MMA-co-GMA) were prepared to compatibilize the poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and polycarbonate (PC) blends. The chemical reactions between the PBT and the epoxy groups and the good miscibility between the PC and the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) phase were responsible for the excellent compatibilization effect of the MMA-co-GMA copolymers. The MMA-co-GMA copolymers decreased the melting and crystallization temperature of the PBT phase in the PBT/PC blends. Dynamic mechanical analysis result showed that the exchange reactions were inhibited due to the compatibilization reactions owing to the consumption of the carboxyl/hydroxyl end groups of the PBT phase. MMA-co-GMA copolymers decreased the phase domain size of the PBT/PC blends, and with the increase in GMA content in the MMA-co-GMA copolymers, the blends changed from a double continuous phase to a single continuous phase structure. Tensile test indicated that the yield stress, elongation at break and elastic modulus of the PBT/PC blends increased due to the addition of MMA-co-GMA. The impact strength of the blends changed unnoticeably.
An improved analytical method for iodine-129
determination in low-level radioactive waste
Authors: Hsieh Yi-Kong , Wang TsingHai , Jian Li-Wei , Chen Wei-Han , Tsai Tsuey-Lin , Wang Chu-Fang 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this study, an alkaline-digestion pretreatment and a subsequent
ICP-MS measurement were conducted for iodine-129 (I-129) determination in
low-level radioactive waste. A TMAH + H2O2 + Triton X-100
mixed alkaline digestion was the most effective mixture for I-129
determination. Using this alkaline reagent, a high level of I-129 recovery
(101 ± 6%) was achieved for the analysis of the I-129-spiked
standard reference materials NIST 2709 and 2711. Importantly, the I-129
concentrations determined for ten real samples provided by the Lan-Yu
radioactive waste temporary storage site were found to be below the detection
limit (0.011 mg/kg). This value was only approximately
30–70% of the values determined using the I-129/Cs-137 scaling
factor. This means that using the I-129/Cs-137 scaling factor severely
overestimates the I-129 concentration in these low-level radioactive
wastes. We therefore suggest that a detailed re-inspection of the I-129/Cs-137
scaling factor should be performed to appropriately categorize these low-level
radioactive wastes.
Preparation and characterization of new phases in Na-(U0.5Pu0.5)-Mo-O and
Na-(Th
x
U1−x
)-Mo-O (x = 0.5 and 0.8) systems by X-ray and thermal methods
Authors: Dahale Nandakumar Dattatrya , Sali Sanjay Krishnarao , Keskar Meera Sanjay , Phatak Rohan Anil , Kesavaiyer Krishnan , Kannan Shanmugaperumal 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Na2(Th
x
U1−x
)(MoO4)3 and Na4(Th
x
U1−x
)(MoO4)4 (x = 0.5 and
0.8) were synthesized, by reacting (Th
x
U1−x
)(MoO4)2 with Na2MoO4 in appropriate
molar ratios at 873 K in an evacuated quartz ampoule for 25 h. While
Na2(U0.5Pu0.5)(MoO4)3 and Na4(U0.5Pu0.5)(MoO4)4 were
synthesized, by reacting (U0.5Pu0.5)(MoO4)2 with Na2MoO4 in appropriate molar
ratios at 873 K in argon atmosphere for 45 h. The crystal structure of these compounds
were derived from powder XRD data in a tetragonal system (space group: I41/a) by Rietveld profile
method. Thermogravimetric curves of Na2(Th
x
U1−x
)(MoO4)3 and
Na4(Th
x
U1−x
)(MoO4)4 did not show any weight changes up to 973 K in helium
atmosphere. High temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) studies of Na2(Th
x
U1−x
)(MoO4)3
and Na4(Th
x
U1−x
)(MoO4)4 in vacuum showed positive thermal expansion in the
temperature range of 298 to 873 K.
Studies on the feasibility of using completely
incinerable reagents for the single-cycle separation of
americium(III) from simulated high-level liquid
waste
Authors: Nayak P. K. , Kumaresan R. , Chaurasia Shivkumar , Venkatesan K. A. , Subramanian G. G. S. , Prathibha T. , Syamala K. V. , Selvan B. Robert , Rajeswari S. , Antony M. P. , Vasudeva Rao P. R. , Bhanage B. M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The extraction and stripping behavior of various metal ions present in the fast reactor simulated high-level liquid waste (FR-SHLLW)
was studied using a solvent phase composed of a neutral extractant,
N,N,-didodecyl-N′,N′-dioctyl-3-oxapentane-1,5-diamide (D3DODGA) and an acidic extractant, di-2-ethylhexyl
diglycolamic acid (HDEHDGA) in n-dodecane (n-DD). The third phase formation behavior of the solvent formulation D3DODGA +
HDEHDGA/n-DD, was studied when it was contacted with FR-SHLLW, and the concentration of neutral and acidic extractant needed to avoid
the third phase formation was optimized. The distribution ratio of various metal ions present in FR-SHLLW was measured in a solution of
0.1 M D3DODGA + 0.2 M HDEHDGA/n-DD. The extraction of Am(III) was accompanied by the co-extraction of
lanthanides and unwanted metal ions such as Zr(IV), Y(III), and Pd(II). A procedure was developed to minimize the extraction of
unwanted metal ions by using aqueous soluble complexing agents in FR-SHLLW. Based on those results, the counter-current mixer-settler
run was performed in a 20-stage mixer-settler. Quantitative extraction of Am(III), Ln(III), Y(III), and Sr(II) in 0.1 M
D3DODGA + 0.2 M HDEHDGA/n-DD was observed. The recovery of Am(III) from the loaded organic phase was carried out by
the optimized aqueous formulation composed of 0.01 M diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) + 0.5 M citric
acid (CA) at pH 1.5. The stripping of Am(III) was accompanied by co-stripping of some early lanthanides. However the later lanthanides
(Eu(III) and beyond) were not back extracted to Am(III) product. Therefore, the studies foresee the possibility of intra-lanthanides as
well as lanthanide-actinide separation in a single-processing cycle.
What is meant by hybridity? An investigation of hybridity and related terms in genre studies
Authors: Mäntynen Anne , Shore Susanna 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article is an investigation and a discussion of hybridity and related terms as used in linguistic studies of genre. The theoretical points that are made are illustrated with data from empirical research done by others and with the authors’ own data. The focus is on written texts but hybridity in spoken interaction is also discussed. The article defines the notion of genre and discusses (proto)typicality in relation to genre and hybridity. Recontextualization is also discussed. This is followed by a discussion of terms that have been used to talk about the processes of hybridity, firstly, as used in research that has mainly been done on spoken interaction. The focus then turns to terms that have mainly been used in research on written texts: sequential intertextuality, genre embedding, genre appropriation, genre blending, as well as terms referring to pervasive trends such as commodification. Terms that take a product-like perspective on hybridity are then discussed. First there is a discussion of terms, such as “macrogenre,” which are used to describe the products of hybridization. This is followed by a discussion of genre chains and superordinate categories, such as “genre colonies,” grouped together because of the hybridizing forces that permeate them.
Detection of Formaldehyde in Flames Using UV and MIR Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Nau Patrick , Koppmann Julia , Lackner Alexander , Brockhinke Andreas 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet (UV) and mid-infrared (MIR)
spectral region has been used in a comparative study for the detection
of formaldehyde in laminar low pressure flames of dimethyl ether (DME)
and methane. Both spectral regions were tested to explore respective
advantages and limitations, especially for the detection of stable
molecules in flames. In the UV, cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS),
a highly sensitive multi-pass absorption technique, has been used for
the detection of formaldehyde in the A − X41
0 hot band at
370 nm. For measurements in the mid-infrared, the fundamental
CO-stretch vibration ν
2 of formaldehyde at 5.9 μm was
used. MIR laser radiation was generated with a pulsed quantum cascade
laser (QCL), a novel laser type which offers high output energies and
excellent beam quality in the MIR. It was shown that MIR-QCL
absorption spectroscopy and UV-CRDS have a comparable sensitivity,
even though only single-pass absorption was used in the
MIR. Additionally, MIR-QCL is clearly superior in terms of the
simplicity of the experimental setup. This shows the large potential
of QCL based laser absorption spectroscopy for the sensitive detection
of trace species in the MIR.
Sinusitis and Pneumonia Hospitalization After Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Authors: Lindstrand Ann , Bennet Rutger , Galanis Ilias , Blennow Margareta , Ask Lina Schollin , Dennison Sofia Hultman , Rinder Malin Ryd , Eriksson Margareta , Henriques-Normark Birgitta , Örtqvist Åke , Alfvén Tobias 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia and sinusitis. Pneumonia kills &gt;1 million children annually, and sinusitis is a potentially serious pediatric disease that increases the risk of orbital and intracranial complications. Although pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is effective against invasive pneumococcal disease, its effectiveness against pneumonia is less consistent, and its effect on sinusitis is not known. We compared hospitalization rates due to sinusitis, pneumonia, and empyema before and after sequential introduction of PCV7 and PCV13.

METHOD:
All children 0 to &lt;18 years old hospitalized for sinusitis, pneumonia, or empyema in Stockholm County, Sweden, from 2003 to 2012 were included in a population-based study of hospital registry data on hospitalizations due to sinusitis, pneumonia, or empyema. Trend analysis, incidence rates, and rate ratios (RRs) were calculated comparing July 2003 to June 2007 with July 2008 to June 2012, excluding the year of PCV7 introduction.

RESULTS:
Hospitalizations for sinusitis decreased significantly in children aged 0 to &lt;2 years, from 70 to 24 cases per 100 000 population (RR = 0.34, P &lt; .001). Hospitalizations for pneumonia decreased significantly in children aged 0 to &lt;2 years, from 450 to 366 per 100 000 population (RR = 0.81, P &lt; .001) and in those aged 2 to &lt;5 years from 250 to 212 per 100 000 population (RR = 0.85, P = .002). Hospitalization for empyema increased nonsignificantly. Trend analyses showed increasing hospitalization for pneumonia in children 0 to &lt;2 years before intervention and confirmed a decrease in hospitalizations for sinusitis and pneumonia in children aged 0 to &lt;5 years after intervention.

CONCLUSIONS:
PCV7 and PCV13 vaccination led to a 66% lower risk of hospitalization for sinusitis and 19% lower risk of hospitalization for pneumonia in children aged 0 to &lt;2 years, in a comparison of 4 years before and 4 years after vaccine introduction.
Regulations to Promote Healthy Sleep Practices in Child Care
Authors: Benjamin Neelon Sara E. , Duffey Kiyah , Slining Meghan M. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this study was to assess state licensing and administrative regulations promoting healthy sleep practices in child care and to compare these regulations to national recommendations.

METHODS:
We reviewed regulations related to healthy sleep practices for all states and territories for both child care centers (centers) and family child care homes (homes). We compared regulations with Institute of Medicine recommendations to promote sleep in child care, including (1) create environments that ensure restful sleep; (2) encourage sleep-promoting behaviors and practices; (3) encourage practices that promote child self-regulation of sleep; and (4) seek consultation yearly from a sleep expert. We used Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel trend tests to assess associations between geographic region and number of regulations consistent with the recommendations.

RESULTS:
The mean number of regulations for states was 0.9 for centers and 0.8 for homes out of a possible 4.0. For centers, no state had regulations for all 4 recommendations; 11 states had regulations for 2 of the 4 recommendations. For homes, 9 states had regulations for 2 of the recommendations. States in the Northeast had the greatest mean number of regulations for centers (1.2) and homes (1.1), and states in the South had the fewest (0.7 and 0.7, respectively); these geographic differences were significant for centers (P = .03) but not homes (P = .14).

CONCLUSIONS:
More states in the Northeast had regulations consistent with the Institute of Medicine sleep recommendations, but overall few states had regulations consistent with the recommendations.
Kinetics of Grain Growth in 718 Ni-Base Superalloy
Authors: Huda Z. , Zaharinie T. , Metselaar H.S.C. , Ibrahim S. , Min Goh J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The Haynes® 718 Ni-base superalloy has been investigated by use of modern material characterization, metallographic and heat treatment equipment. Grain growth annealing experiments at temperatures in the range of 1050 – 1200 oC (1323–1473K) for time durations in the range of 20 min-22h have been conducted. The kinetic equations and an Arrhenius-type equation have been applied to compute the grain-growth exponent n and the activation energy for grain growth, Qg, for the investigated alloy. The grain growth exponent, n, was computed to be in the range of 0.066-0.206; and the n values have been critically discussed in relation to the literature. The activation energy for grain growth, Qg, for the investigated alloy has been computed to be around 440 kJ/mol; and the Qg data for the investigated alloy has been compared with other metals and alloys and ceramics; and critically analyzed in relation to our results.
Microgravimetric Studies of Selenium Electrodeposition Onto Different Substrates
Authors: Kowalik R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The mechanism of selenium electrodeposition from sulfuric acid solution on different substrates was studied with the electrochemical techniques. The cyclic voltammetry was combined with the quartz crystal microbalance technique to analyze selenium deposition process. The electrochemical reduction of selenous acid on gold, silver and copper electrodes was investigated. It was found that reduction of selenous acid is a very complex process and it strongly depends from the applied substrate. The voltammetric measurements indicate the range of potentials in which the process of reduction of selenous acids on the applied substrate is possible. Additionally, the microgravimetric data confirm the deposition of selenium and they reveal the mechanism of the deposition process.
Numerical Investigation of the Hydrodynamic Conditions in A Multi-Strand Cc Tundish with Closed Outlets
Authors: Merder T. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In industrial conditions there are situations when the CC machine works under emergency. It can be result of mechanical or electrical causes, breakout of billet or problem with supplying new parts of liquid steel to the CC machine. As a consequence one or two outlets of the tundish should be closed. However, closing one of the outlets influences the hydrodynamic and thermal conditions occurring in the tundish. Thus, the important information is which of the outlets should be closed to conduct further continuous casting process correctly.The following research was conducted to analyze the influence of liquid steel flow behaviour in the multi-strand tundish when all outlets do not work. Such problem was solved by means of numerical methods based on Navier-Stokes equations (k–ɛ standard turbulence model). Numerical simulations were done using the educational version of CFD program (Computational Fluid Dynamics) – ANSYSFluent. As a result forecasted velocity fields and RTD curves (Residence Time Distribution) were obtained. RTD characteristics were used to determine kinetics of liquid steel mixing and also to calculate parts of particular flow areas for studied cases.