bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total, quantile, and frequency risk transmission among metal commodities
Authors: Nong Huifu , Huang Qian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the total, quantile, and frequency risk transmission among five widely traded metals namely copper, gold, lead, silver, and zinc using forecast error variance decomposition. The analysis spans from 1 January 2002, to 30 June 2023. Our findings reveal that the total connectedness index (TCI) changed over time, indicating sensitivity to time‐specific developments and major events during different periods. The TCI is influenced more by extreme positive or negative shocks, as the lower and upper quantile TCIs are higher compared to the medium quantile TCI. Furthermore, the short‐term TCIs exhibit higher values than the medium‐ and long‐term TCIs. These variations imply that the TCI is influenced by different types of shocks or mechanisms across different quantiles. Specifically, the short‐term TCIs are driven by global economic policy uncertainty, real global economic activity, and the geopolitical risk index (GPR). However, the medium‐ and long‐term TCIs are solely influenced by the GPR.
STAGER checklist: Standardized testing and assessment guidelines for evaluating generative artificial intelligence reliability
Authors: Chen Jinghong , Zhu Lingxuan , Mou Weiming , Lin Anqi , Zeng Dongqiang , Qi Chang , Liu Zaoqu , Jiang Aimin , Tang Bufu , Shi Wenjie , Kahlert Ulf D. , Zhou Jianguo , Guo Shipeng , Lu Xiaofan , Sun Xu , Ngo Trunghieu , Pu Zhongji , Jia Baolei , Jeon Che Ok , He Yongbin , Wu Haiyang , Gu Shuqin , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Huang Haojie , Mao Weipu , Wang Shixiang , Chen Xin , Cabannes Loïc , Ren Gerald Sng Gui , Whitaker Iain S. , Ali Stephen , Cheng Quan , Miao Kai , Yuan Shuofeng , Luo Peng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGenerative artificial intelligence (AI) holds immense potential for medical applications, but the lack of a comprehensive evaluation framework and methodological deficiencies in existing studies hinder its effective implementation. Standardized assessment guidelines are crucial for ensuring reliable and consistent evaluation of generative AI in healthcare. Our objective is to develop robust, standardized guidelines tailored for evaluating generative AI performance in medical contexts. Through a rigorous literature review utilizing the Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar, we focused on research testing generative AI capabilities in medicine. Our multidisciplinary team of experts conducted discussion sessions to develop a comprehensive 32‐item checklist. This checklist encompasses critical evaluation aspects of generative AI in medical applications, addressing key dimensions such as question collection, querying methodologies, and assessment techniques. The checklist and its broader assessment framework provide a holistic evaluation of AI systems, delineating a clear pathway from question gathering to result assessment. It guides researchers through potential challenges and pitfalls, enhancing research quality and reporting and aiding the evolution of generative AI in medicine and life sciences. Our framework furnishes a standardized, systematic approach for testing generative AI's applicability in medicine. For a concise checklist, please refer to Table S or visit GenAIMed.org.
650 ps SET speed in Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change memory induced by TiO2 dielectric crystal plane
Authors: Zhao Ruizhe , Gao Ke , Zhu Rongjiang , Zhang Zhuoran , He Qiang , Xu Ming , Yu Niannian , Tong Hao , Miao Xiangshui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCrystallization speed of phase change material is one of the main obstacles for the application of phase change memory (PCM) as storage class memory in computing systems, which requires the combination of nonvolatility with ultra‐fast operation speed in nanoseconds. Here, we propose a novel approach to speed up crystallization process of the only commercial phase change chalcogenide Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). By employing TiO2 as the dielectric layer in phase change device, operation speed of 650 ps has been achieved, which is the fastest among existing representative PCM, and is comparable to the programing speed of commercial dynamic random access memory (DRAM). Because of its octahedral atomic configuration, TiO2 can provide nucleation interfaces for GST, thus facilitating the crystal growth at the determinate interface area. Ti–O–Ti–O four‐fold rings on the (110) plane of tetragonal TiO2 is critical for the fast‐atomic rearrangement in the amorphous matrix of GST that enables ultra‐fast operation speed. The significant improvement of operation speed in PCM through incorporating standard dielectric material TiO2 in DRAM paves the way for the application of phase change memory in high performance cache‐type data storage.image
Impact of the modified curricula on periodontal instrumentation skills development during the COVID‐19 pandemic from 2020 to 2023
Authors: Oh Se‐Lim , Mishler Oksana , Syme Sheryl , Jones Deborah , Saito Hanae 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of curriculum modifications on periodontal instrumentation skills development among classes of 2021, 2022, and 2023 during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThe pandemic began and affected the three classes at different stages of their studies. Onsite simulation‐based learning (SBL) was employed for the classes of 2021 and 2022; remote SBL was adopted for the class of 2023. Modified clinical education, due to social distancing guidelines, impacted the class of 2021 significantly and the class of 2022 to a lesser extent. A multiple linear regression model was built to examine the association between the fourth‐year patient‐based scaling competency examination scores and selected predictors.ResultsThe classes of 2021 and 2023 showed consistent performances over time, while the class of 2022 exhibited significant variation exhibiting the lowest performance at the second‐year practical examination. While the clinical experience of the class of 2021 was significantly less than that of the classes of 2022 and 2023, the fourth‐year competency examination scores did not differ across the three classes. The clinic points (p = 0.014) significantly affected the fourth‐year competency examination score while student gender (p = 0.18), the first‐year (p = 0.736), and second‐year (p = 0.198) practical examination scores showed no correlations.ConclusionBased on student performance in the fourth‐year scaling competency examination, the curriculum modifications due to the COVID pandemic did not affect student learning outcomes. Clinical experience was the most influential determinant of skill development in periodontal instrumentation.
Over a decade of experience in total knee arthroplasty with a multiradius design and fixed bearing at a single centre: Data from the Catalan Arthroplasty Registry
Authors: Faig‐Martí Jordi , Martínez‐Catasús Adriana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeArthroplasty registers can provide feedback information on the results of arthroplasties performed by a certain institution or surgeon. The use of real‐world data to achieve real‐world evidence can help evaluate the performance of the implants used and help counsel our patients. The main objective of our study was to determine the survivorship of the total knee implant we are currently using.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients who received a total knee arthroplasty from January 2009 to December 2020 in our hospital was conducted, using data from the Catalan arthroplasty registry and the Catalan health service database. Demographic and surgical data were analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method, log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazards models with the R Project software (p < 0.05).ResultsA total of 1336 total knee arthroplasties were included in the study, of which 992 were women. The causes for revision included aseptic loosening (17), infection (29), instability (13), patellar implantation (13), arthrofibrosis (5) and quadriceps tendon rupture (1).The cumulative risk for revision at 5 years using the Kaplan–Meier method was 6.0% and at 10 years 6.5%. Considering gender, this risk was 7.0% and 7.5% at 5 and 10 years, respectively, in women and 3.3% in men, both at 5 and 10 years (p = 0.009). A higher risk for revision in women was seen, which is considered statistically significant (p = 0.012).ConclusionOur survivorship results are comparable to those published in the literature, but with a higher revision risk in women that is only statistically significant for the whole group of reoperations and for patellar implantation, but not for the rest of the diagnoses.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Cliques in squares of graphs with maximum average degree less than 4
Authors: Cranston Daniel W. , Yu Gexin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHocquard, Kim, and Pierron constructed, for every even integer , a 2‐degenerate graph with maximum degree such that . We prove for (a) all 2‐degenerate graphs and (b) all graphs with , upper bounds on the clique number of that match the lower bound given by this construction, up to small additive constants. We show that if is 2‐degenerate with maximum degree , then (with when is sufficiently large). And if has and maximum degree , then . Thus, the construction of Hocquard et al. is essentially the best possible. Our proofs introduce a “token passing” technique to derive crucial information about nonadjacencies in of vertices that are adjacent in . This is a powerful technique for working with such graphs that has not previously appeared in the literature.
MRI in LARS1 deficiency—Spectrum, patterns, and correlation with acute neurological deterioration
Authors: Hammann Nicole , Lenz Dominic , Bianzano Alyssa , Husain Ralf A. , Forman Eva , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Dattner Tal , Engelen Marc , Hanson‐Kahn Andrea K. , Isidor Bertrand , Kotzaeridou Urania , Tietze Anna , Trollmann Regina , Weiß Claudia , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H. R. , Kölker Stefan , Hoffmann Georg F. , Crushell Ellen , Staufner Christian , Mohr Alexander , Harting Inga 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLeucine aminoacyl tRNA‐synthetase 1 (LARS1)‐deficiency (infantile liver failure syndrome type 1 (ILFS1)) has a multisystemic phenotype including fever‐associated acute liver failure (ALF), chronic neurologic abnormalities, and encephalopathic episodes. In order to better characterize encephalopathic episodes and MRI changes, 35 cranial MRIs from 13 individuals with LARS1 deficiency were systematically assessed and neurological phenotype was analyzed. All individuals had developmental delay and 10/13 had seizures. Encephalopathic episodes in 8/13 were typically associated with infections, presented with seizures and reduced consciousness, mostly accompanied by hepatic dysfunction, and recovery in 17/19 episodes. Encephalopathy without hepatic dysfunction occurred in one individual after liver transplantation. On MRI, 5/7 individuals with MRI during acute encephalopathy had deep gray matter and brainstem changes. Supratentorial cortex involvement (6/13) and cerebellar watershed injury (4/13) occurred with seizures and/or encephalopathy. Abnormal brainstem contour on sagittal images (8/13), atrophy (8/13), and myelination delay (8/13) were not clearly associated with encephalopathy. The pattern of deep gray matter and brainstem changes are apparently characteristic of encephalopathy in LARS1‐deficiency, differing from patterns of hepatic encephalopathy or metabolic stroke in organic acidurias and mitochondrial diseases. While the pathomechanism remains unclear, fever and energy deficit during infections might be causative; thus, sufficient glucose and protein intake along with pro‐active fever management is suggested. As severe episodes were observed during influenza infections, we strongly recommend seasonal vaccination.
A strike to the head: Parallels between the pediatric and adult human and the rodent in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Smith Allie M. , Grayson Bernadette E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a condition that occurs commonly in children from infancy through adolescence and is a global health concern. Pediatric TBI presents with a bimodal age distribution, with very young children (0–4 years) and adolescents (15–19 years) more commonly injured. Because children's brains are still developing, there is increased vulnerability to the effects of head trauma, which results in entirely different patterns of injury than in adults. Pediatric TBI has a profound and lasting impact on a child's development and quality of life, resulting in long‐lasting consequences to physical, cognitive, and emotional development. Chronic issues like learning disabilities, behavioral problems, and emotional disturbances can develop. Early intervention and ongoing support are critical for minimizing these long‐term deficits. Many animal models of TBI exist, and each varies significantly, displaying different characteristics of clinical TBI. The neurodevelopment differs in the rodent from the human in timing and effect, so TBI outcomes in the juvenile rodent can thus vary from the human child. The current review compares findings from preclinical TBI work in juvenile and adult rodents to clinical TBI research in pediatric and adult humans. We focus on the four brain regions most affected by TBI: the prefrontal cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Each has its unique developmental projections and thus is impacted by TBI differently. This review aims to compare the healthy neurodevelopment of these four brain regions in humans to the developmental processes in rodents.
Toward health promotion and prevention: Evidence from a food and health partnership model of care
Authors: Lowrey John , Chandrasekaran Aravind , Headings Amy , Hyder Ayaz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHealth promotion and disease prevention requires health systems address the patients' social needs using new care delivery models. Yet, research in this area has stalled for several reasons. We study a partnership model of care that couples clinical care delivered by primary care providers and social services delivered by community‐based organizations, and its impact on patients' preventive health outcomes and behaviors. We use data from the Mid‐Ohio Farmacy, which is a collaboration across the Mid‐Ohio Food Collective (MOFC), a network of 650+ affiliated food pantries, and a large federally qualified health center (FQHC). The FQHC offers primary and preventative healthcare services across eight free clinics, which are co‐located with the MOFC‐affiliated food pantries. Patients were screened for food insecurity during their clinic visit and, if positive, were referred to the Farmacy. Compliers made at least one visit to the food pantry after referral, while noncompliers did not. Using difference‐in‐differences, we find that compliers had no discernible change in their body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), which we refer to as a BMI stabilization effect. Noncompliers' BMI increased after referral. High comorbid and high pantry use compliers experienced a significant reduction in their BMI and a marginally significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, %). These patients had unique compliance behaviors, including greater search, frequency, and consistency of food pantry use. Travel costs suggests that high comorbid patients ascribed a greater value to the Farmacy program. In terms of primary care utilization, we find that compliers' clinic visit patterns after referral were consistent with the visit patterns observed in the food secure cohort, suggesting that the Farmacy program may have helped compliers address competing demands that are known to inhibit health behaviors.
Integrated impact of multiple body composition parameters on overall survival in gastrointestinal or genitourinary cancers: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Sugawara Kotaro , Taguchi Satoru , Gonoi Wataru , Hanaoka Shouhei , Shiomi Shinichiro , Kishitani Kenjiro , Uemura Yukari , Akamatsu Nobuhiko , Inui Shohei , Tanaka Koji , Yagi Koichi , Kawai Taketo , Nakagawa Tohru , Fukuhara Hiroshi , Abe Osamu , Kume Haruki , Gonzalez Maria Cristina , Prado Carla M. , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate if combining low muscle mass with additional body composition abnormalities, such as myosteatosis or adiposity, could improve survival prediction accuracy in a large cohort of gastrointestinal and genitourinary malignancies.MethodsIn total, 2015 patients with surgically‐treated gastrointestinal or genitourinary cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Skeletal muscle index, skeletal muscle radiodensity, and visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue index were determined. The primary outcome was overall survival determined by hospital records. Multivariate Cox hazard models were used to identify independent predictors for poor survival. C‐statistics were assessed to quantify the prognostic capability of the models with or without incorporating body composition parameters.ResultsSurvival curves were significantly demarcated by all 4 measures. Skeletal muscle radiodensity was associated with non‐cancer‐related deaths but not with cancer‐specific survival. The survival outcome of patients with low skeletal muscle index was poor (5‐year OS; 65.2%), especially when present in combination with low skeletal muscle radiodensity (5‐year overall survival; 50.2%). All examined body composition parameters were independent predictors of lower overall survival. The model for predicting overall survival without incorporating body composition parameters had a c‐index of 0.68 but increased to 0.71 with the inclusion of low skeletal muscle index and 0.72 when incorporating both low skeletal muscle index and low skeletal muscle radiodensity/visceral adipose tissue index/subcutaneous adipose tissue index.ConclusionPatients exhibiting both low skeletal muscle index and other body composition abnormalities, particularly low skeletal muscle radiodensity, had poorer overall survival. Models incorporating multiple body composition prove valuable for mortality prediction in oncology settings.
Haemostatic spray in the management of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children: A single‐centre experience in Singapore
Authors: Ho Christopher Wen Wei , Goh Lynette Suk‐hui , Ng Lay Queen , Rajan Charanya , Logarajah Veena , Chiou Fang Kuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroduction/ObjectivesHaemostatic spray (HS; Hemospray) is a powder agent for endoscopic haemostasis in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). It has been shown to be effective and easy to administer. However, published data on efficacy and safety in children remain scarce. Our aim was to describe our experience with the use of HS in the management of UGIB.Patients and MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of patients aged 0–18 receiving HS for endoscopic haemostasis from January 2017 to December 2021. Information was obtained on demographics, clinical presentation and comorbidities. Outcomes were successful initial haemostasis and rates of re‐bleeding.ResultsA total of 25 applications of HS occurred in 23 patients. The median patient age was 8 years (range: 4 months to 16 years). HS was used in 17/25 (68%) applications as monotherapy. Other treatments employed were clip application and adrenaline injection. One hundred per cent initial haemostasis was achieved with three (13.0%) patients who experienced re‐bleeding. All patients tolerated HS applications with no adverse events.ConclusionsOur finding supports the use of HS in the management of UGIB in children. HS, either as monotherapy or in combination with other conventional therapy, could potentially be the treatment of choice in children with UGIB with its excellent feasibility and good safety profile.
A contribution to the harmonization of microplastic analysis in beverages and food
Authors: Weißer Jana , Hofmann Thomas F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSampling, sample preparation and particle detection are the key steps in microplastics (MP) analysis. In order to harmonize MP analysis, implementing strict measures for quality assurance and control (QA/QC) for all steps is key. However, especially QA and QC for the analysis of hyperspectral MP data has remained widely neglected. To fill this gap, a transparent and detailed QA/QC method for data analysis based on the automated evaluation of a ground truth reference image is presented.
Changes in phytoplankton size–structure alter trophic transfer in a temperate, coastal planktonic food web
Authors: Marrec Pierre , Menden‐Deuer Susanne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicrozooplankton grazing is an essential parameter to predict the fate of organic matter production in planktonic food webs. To identify predictors of grazing, we leveraged a 6‐yr time series of coastal plankton growth and grazing rates across contrasting environmental conditions. Phytoplankton size–structure and trophic transfer were seasonally consistent with small phytoplankton cell dominance and low trophic transfer in summer, and large cell dominance and higher trophic transfer in winter. Departures from this pattern during two disruptive events revealed a critical link between phytoplankton size–structure and trophic transfer. An unusual summer bloom of large phytoplankton cells yielded high trophic transfer, and an atypical winter dominance of small phytoplankton resulted in seasonally atypical low trophic transfer. Environmental conditions during these events were neither seasonally atypical nor unique. Thus, phytoplankton size–structure rather than environmental conditions held a key‐role driving trophic transfer. Phytoplankton size–structure is easily measurable and could impart predictive power of food‐web structure and the fate of primary production in coastal ecosystems.
Sucrose and Glycerol Additives: A Way to Tune the Biological and Physicochemical Properties of Agarose Hydrogels?
Authors: Igbokwe Victor C. , Ball Vincent , Benzaamia Nour‐Ouda , Gree Simon , Hellé Sophie , Soubirou‐Blot Juliette , Nardin Corinne , Ploux Lydie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSucrose and glycerol have gained attention as additives for hydrogels, owing to their capacity to exert considerable influence over the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics of these materials. Herein, these effects on agarose hydrogels (AHs) are explored. A series of AHs are synthesized using sucrose (30% and 300% w/v) and glycerol as additives. The storage modulus (10.0–13.7 kPa) and hydrophilicity of the hydrogels (contact angle < 50°) do not vary significantly with sucrose or glycerol addition. However, sucrose enhances the hydration capacity of the hydrogels by up to 170%, whereas glycerol reduces it. Interestingly, sucrose and glycerol individually do not have bacteriostatic effects against Staphylococcus epidermidis, but their combination significantly (p ≤ 0.001) inhibits the growth of both S. epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 63% and 29%, respectively, in comparison to native agarose. Cytotoxicity testing on NIH/3T3 murine fibroblasts reveals that sucrose increases cell viability up to 98%, while glycerol reduces it below 60%. Overall, these hydrogels hold promise for antibacterial biomedical applications as wound dressing materials and surface coatings for medical devices and can also be used to formulate bioinks for 3D bioprinting.