bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early treatment with atorvastatin exerts parenchymal and vascular protective effects in experimental cerebral ischaemia
Authors: Potey C , Ouk T , Petrault O , Petrault M , Berezowski V , Salleron J , Bordet R , Gautier S 
Published: August 2015

Background and PurposeFrom the clinical and experimental data available, statins appear to be interesting drug candidates for preventive neuroprotection in ischaemic stroke. However, their acute protective effect is, as yet, unconfirmed.Experimental ApproachMale C57Bl6/JRj mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and treated acutely with atorvastatin (10–20 mg·kg−1 day−1; 24 or 72 h). Functional recovery (neuroscore, forelimb gripping strength and adhesive removal test) was assessed during follow‐up and lesion volume measured at the end. Vasoreactivity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), type IV collagen and FITC‐dextran distribution were evaluated to assess macrovascular and microvascular protection. Activated microglia, leucocyte adhesion and infiltration were chosen as markers of inflammation.Key ResultsAcute treatment with atorvastatin provided parenchymal and cerebral protection only at the higher dose of 20 mg·kg−1·day−1. In this treatment group, functional recovery was ameliorated, and lesion volumes were reduced as early as 24 h after experimental stroke. This was associated with vascular protection as endothelial function of the MCA and the density and patency of the microvascular network were preserved. Acute atorvastatin administration also induced an anti‐inflammatory effect in association with parenchymal and vascular mechanisms; it reduced microglial activation, and decreased leucocyte adhesion and infiltration.Conclusions and ImplicationsAcute atorvastatin provides global cerebral protection, but only at the higher dose of 20 mg·kg−1·day−1; this was associated with a reduction in inflammation in both vascular and parenchymal compartments. Our results suggest that atorvastatin could also be beneficial when administered early after stroke.
The positive correlation between maternal size and offspring size: fitting pieces of a life‐history puzzle
Authors: Rollinson Njal , Rowe Locke 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe evolution of investment per offspring (I) is often viewed through the lens of the classic theory, in which variation among individuals in a population is not expected. A substantial departure from this prediction arises in the form of correlations between maternal body size andI, which are observed within populations in virtually all taxonomic groups. Based on the generality of this observation, we suggest it is caused by a common underlying mechanism. We pursue a unifying explanation for this pattern by reviewing all theoretical models that attempt to explain it. We assess the generality of the mechanism upon which each model is based, and the extent to which data support its predictions. Two classes of adaptive models are identified: models that assume that the correlation arises from maternal influences on the relationship betweenIand offspring fitness [w(I)], and those that assume that maternal size influences the relationship betweenIand maternal fitness [W(I)]. The weight of evidence suggests that maternal influences onw(I) are probably not very general, and even for taxa where maternal influences onw(I) are likely, experiments fail to support model predictions. Models that assume thatW(I) varies with maternal size appear to offer more generality, but the current challenge is to identify a specific and general mechanism upon whichW(I) varies predictably with maternal size. Recent theory suggests the exciting possibility that a yet unknown mechanism modifies the offspring size–number trade‐off function in a manner that is predictable with respect to maternal size, such thatW(I) varies with size. We identify two promising avenues of inquiry. First, the trade‐off might be modified by energetic costs that are associated with the initiation of reproduction (‘overhead costs’) and that scale withI, and future work could investigate what specific overhead costs are generally associated with reproduction and whether these costs scale withI. Second, the trade‐off might be modified by virtue of condition‐dependent offspring provisioning coupled with metabolic factors, and future work could investigate the proximate cause of, and generality of, condition‐dependent offspring provisioning. Finally, drawing on the existing literature, we suggest that maternal sizeper seis not causatively related to variation inI, and the mechanism involved in the correlation is instead linked to maternal nutritional status or maternal condition, which is usually correlated with maternal size. Using manipulative experiments to elucidate why females with high nutritional status typically produce large offspring might help explain what specific mechanism underlies the maternal‐size correlation.
Prognostic value of 18F‐fluoroazomycin arabinoside PET/CT in patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Saga Tsuneo , Inubushi Masayuki , Koizumi Mitsuru , Yoshikawa Kyosan , Zhang Ming‐Rong , Tanimoto Katsuyuki , Horiike Atsushi , Yanagitani Noriko , Ohyanagi Fumiyoshi , Nishio Makoto 
Published: August 2015

This study evaluated the prognostic value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using 18F‐fluoroazomycin arabinoside (FAZA) in patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Thirty‐eight patients with advanced NSCLC (stage III, 23 patients; stage IV, 15 patients) underwent FAZA and FDG PET/CT before treatment. The PET parameters (tumor‐to‐muscle ratio [T/M] at 1 and 2 h for FAZA, maximum standardized uptake value for FDG) in the primary lesion and lymph node (LN) metastasis and clinical parameters were compared concerning their effects on progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In our univariate analysis of all patients, clinical stage and FAZA T/M in LNs at 1 and 2 h were predictive of PFS (P = 0.021, 0.028, and 0.002, respectively). Multivariate analysis also indicated that clinical stage and FAZA T/M in LNs at 1 and 2 h were independent predictors of PFS. Subgroup analysis of chemoradiotherapy‐treated stage III patients revealed that only FAZA T/M in LNs at 2 h was predictive of PFS (P = 0.025). The FDG PET/CT parameters were not predictive of PFS. No parameter was a significant predictor of OS. In patients with advanced NSCLC, FAZA uptake in LNs, but not in primary lesions, was predictive of treatment outcome. These results suggest the importance of characterization of LN metastases in advanced NSCLC patients.
Longitudinal evaluation of the natural history of conservatively managed nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas
Authors: Lenders Nèle , Ikeuchi Seira , Russell Anthony W , Ho Ken KY , Prins Johannes B , Inder Warrick J 
Published: August 2015

SummaryContextThe optimal management of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas presenting without symptomatic mass effect remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to elucidate the natural history of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas managed conservatively.DesignVolumetric evaluation of tumour growth in serial pituitary MRI scans by a single observer and retrospective review of changes in pituitary function.PatientsPatients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas who underwent at least 2 serial pituitary MRI scans over ≥6 months between 2003 and 2013 prior to any intervention.MeasurementsPrimary end‐point was a ≥20% increase in volume or surgery. Secondary end‐points were rate of pituitary dysfunction and pituitary apoplexy.ResultsFifty nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (23 macroadenomas and 27 microadenomas, mean age 49, range 17–85 years) were identified. Mean follow‐up was 36 months (range 6–79). An increase in volume occurred in macroadenomas (P < 0·01) but not in microadenomas (P = 0·44). A ≥20% increase in volume occurred in nine of 23 macroadenomas compared with two of 27 microadenomas (P < 0·05). Five macroadenomas (one with new visual field defect) and one microadenoma proceeded to surgery (P = 0·08). Hormone deficiency was present in four of 24 macroadenomas vs 0 of 27 microadenomas (P < 0·05) at baseline, while new hormone deficiency developed in only two macroadenomas during follow‐up. Pituitary apoplexy occurred in one microadenoma. A growth rate of >10 mm3/month assessed at approximately 2 years of follow‐up among the macroadenoma group was highly predictive (sensitivity and specificity of 90%) of a ≥20% increase in volume or surgery.ConclusionsNonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas have a greater tendency to grow and require surgical intervention while microadenomas rarely progress.
Lettuce contact allergy
Authors: Paulsen Evy , Andersen Klaus E. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryLettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and its varieties are important vegetable crops worldwide. They are also well‐known, rarely reported, causes of contact allergy. As lettuce allergens and extracts are not commercially available, the allergy may be underdiagnosed. The aims of this article are to present new data on lettuce contact allergy and review the literature. Lettuce is weakly allergenic, and occupational cases are mainly reported. Using aimed patch testing in Compositae‐allergic patients, two recent Danish studies showed prevalence rates of positive lettuce reactions of 11% and 22%. The majority of cases are non‐occupational, and may partly be caused by cross‐reactivity. The sesquiterpene lactone mix seems to be a poor screening agent for lettuce contact allergy, as the prevalence of positive reactions is significantly higher in non‐occupationally sensitized patients. Because of the easy degradability of lettuce allergens, it is recommended to patch test with freshly cut lettuce stem and supplement this with Compositae mix. As contact urticaria and protein contact dermatitis may present as dermatitis, it is important to perform prick–to–prick tests, and possibly scratch patch tests as well. Any person who is occupationally exposed to lettuce for longer periods, especially atopics, amateur gardeners, and persons keeping lettuce‐eating pets, is potentially at risk of developing lettuce contact allergy.
Concomitant colonic disease (Montreal L3) and re‐resectional surgery are predictors of clinical recurrence following ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease
Authors: Morar P. S. , Faiz O. , Hodgkinson J. D. , Zafar N. , Koysombat K. , Purcell M. , Hart A. , Warusavitarne J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimIleocolonic resection is reserved for patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease. Postoperative clinical recurrence can occur in up to 55% of patients within 5 years. Predicting the risk of recurrence is key in deciding upon appropriate treatment strategies. This study aims to determine the incidence of postoperative clinical recurrence and predictors of recurrence in a specialist institution.MethodThe clinical case records of 142 patients who underwent either a one‐stage or two‐stage procedure for ileocolonic Crohn's disease from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2010 were reviewed. Preoperative, perioperative and postoperative variables were extracted. Postoperative clinical recurrence was defined as an initiation or change in medical treatment for recurrent symptoms with endoscopic or radiological evidence of active disease. Time to clinical recurrence was measured in months after surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsOver the 6‐year period, follow‐up data were obtained on 142 patients over a median of 28.5 months. Clinical recurrence was demonstrated in 59 (41.5%) patients. The proportion of patients with clinical recurrence at 5 years was 48.2%. Predictors of recurrence included a re‐resection for recurrent disease [hazard ratio (HR) 1.9; 95% CI 1.1–3.3; P = 0.02] and ileocolonic disease (HR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0–2.9; P = 0.05).ConclusionIdentifying the predictors for postoperative clinical recurrence is important for determining the postoperative strategy. This study provides a unique perspective on the incidence of recurrence and associated predictors from the perspective of a specialist unit.
Role of icodextrin in the prevention of small bowel obstruction. Safety randomized patients control of the first 300 in the ADEPT trial
Authors: Sakari T. , Sjödahl R. , Påhlman L. , Karlbom U. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimAdhesions are the most common cause of small bowel obstruction (SBO). The costs of hospitalization and surgery for SBO are substantial for the health‐care system. The adhesion‐limiting potential of icodextrin has been shown in patients undergoing surgery for gynaecological diseases. A randomized, multicentre trial in colorectal cancer surgery started in 2009 with the aim of evaluating whether icodextrin could reduce the long‐term risk of surgery for SBO. Because of some concerns about complications (especially anastomotic leakage) after icodextrin use, a preplanned interim analysis of morbidity and mortality was conducted.MethodPatients with colorectal cancer without metastasis were randomized 1:1 to receive standard surgery, with or without instillation of icodextrin in the abdominal cavity. For the first 300 patients, the 30‐day follow‐up data were collected from the Swedish ColoRectal Cancer Registry (SCRCR). Pre‐, per‐ and postoperative data, morbidity and mortality were analysed.ResultsOf the 300 randomized patients, 288 had a data file in the SCRCR. Twelve patients did not have cancer and another five did not have a resection, leaving 283 for analysis. The authors were blinded to the randomization groups. Demographic data were similar in both groups. The overall complication rate was 24% in Group 1 and 23% in Group 2 (P = 0.89). Four cases of anastomotic leakage were reported in Group 1 and five were reported in Group 2 (P = 1.0). Mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) stay and re‐operations did not differ between the groups.ConclusionThe pre‐planned safety analysis of the first 300 patients enrolled in this randomized trial did not show any differences in adverse effects related to the use of icodextrin. All data were gathered from the SCRCR, giving us a strong message that we can continue to include patients in the trial.
Re‐exposure to beta cell autoantigens in pancreatic allograft recipients with preexisting beta cell autoantibodies
Authors: Mujtaba Muhammad Ahmad , Fridell Jonathan , Book Benita , Faiz Sara , Sharfuddin Asif , Wiebke Eric , Rigby Mark , Taber Tim 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRe‐exposure to beta cell autoantigens and its relevance in the presence of donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) in pancreatic allograft recipients is not well known. Thirty‐three patients requiring a pancreas transplant were enrolled in an IRB approved study. They underwent prospective monitoring for DSA and beta cell autoantibody (BCAA) levels to GAD65, insulinoma‐associated antigen 2 (IA‐2), insulin (micro‐IAA [mIAA]), and islet‐specific zinc transporter isoform‐8 (ZnT8). Twenty‐five (75.7%) had pre‐transplant BCAA. Twenty had a single antibody (mIAA n = 15, GAD65 n = 5); five had two or more BCAA (GAD65 + mIAA n = 2, GAD65 + mIAA+IA‐2 n = 2, GA65 + mIAA+IA‐2 + ZnT8 = 1). No changes in GAD65 (p > 0.29), IA‐2 (>0.16), and ZnT8 (p > 0.07) were observed between pre‐transplant and post‐transplant at 6 or 12 months. A decrease in mIAA from pre‐ to post‐6 months (p < 0.0001), 12 months (p < 0.0001), and from post‐6 to post‐12 months (p = 0.0002) was seen. No new BCAA was observed at one yr. Seven (21.0%) developed de novo DSA. The incidence of DSA was 24% in patients with BCAA vs. 25% in patients without BCAA (p = 0.69). Pancreatic allograft function of patients with vs. without BCAA, and with and without BCAA + DSA was comparable until last follow‐up (three yr). Re‐exposure to beta cell autoantigens by pancreas transplant may not lead to increased levels or development of new BCAA or pancreatic allograft dysfunction.
Ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in the investigation of a pony with intestinal lymphoma
Authors: Sherlock C. , Dawson L. , Mair T. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryA 21‐year‐old New Forest pony presented for evaluation of lethargy and colic. Transcutaneous abdominal ultrasonography revealed a cavitary, thick walled, mass‐like lesion that appeared continuous with the small intestine. The thick walls of the mass‐like lesion were of heterogeneous echogenicity with hyperechoic foci extending from the hyperechoic luminal surface to within the wall and there was loss of normal wall layering. These findings were confirmed grossly at exploratory celiotomy and histopathological examination of affected tissues confirmed lymphoma. The ultrasound findings facilitated a preoperative presumptive diagnosis that allowed informed decision‐making and aided case management.
An unusual cyst‐like lesion in the metaphysis of the tibia in a horse
Authors: Stöcker D. S. , Ohlerth S. , Grest P. , Mackenthun E. , Bettschart‐Wolfensberger R. , Kümmerle J. M. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryA 6‐year‐old Haflinger gelding was presented with a chronic right hindlimb lameness. Scintigraphy, radiography and computed tomography confirmed an active large cyst‐like lesion in the distal metaphysis of the right tibia. A transcortical surgical approach was used to curette the lesion and fill it with an autologous bone graft and a calcium phosphate bone substitute material. Histopathology revealed mild histiocytic inflammatory changes, mild fibrosis and bone necrosis. This case report describes an unusual cyst‐like lesion in the tibial metaphysis of a horse.
Pathological fracture through a subchondral bone cyst in the proximal phalanx of a horse
Authors: Williams J. M. , Santschi E. M. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryA 12‐year‐old Morgan broodmare presented for a nonweightbearing right forelimb lameness. Radiography and computed tomography confirmed the presence of a pathological fracture of the proximal first phalanx through a large subchondral bone cyst (SBC) in the right forelimb and a large SBC in the proximal first phalanx of the left forelimb. Surgical repair of the large palmar medial eminence fracture of the proximal first phalanx fracture was performed using bone screws placed in lag fashion placed through stab incisions after debridement and bone grafting of the SBCs. Approximately 6 months after surgery the mare was ambulating comfortably at pasture. This case report describes a fracture through a large subchondral bone cyst in a horse despite chronicity and ongoing bone remodelling. Careful consideration regarding exercise or use should be considered in horses with large SBCs.
Retrospective analysis of factors associated with outcome of proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis in 82 horses including Warmblood and Thoroughbred sport horses and Quarter Horses (1992–2014)
Authors: Herthel T. D. , Rick M. C. , Judy C. E. , Cohen N. D. , Herthel D. J. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyOutcomes associated with arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint in Quarter Horses used for Western performance activities are well documented but little is known regarding outcomes for other types of horses.ObjectivesTo identify factors associated with outcomes, including breed and activity, after arthrodesis of the PIP joint in Warmbloods, Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsSurgical case records of 82 Quarter Horses principally engaged in Western performance and Thoroughbred or Warmblood breeds principally engaged in showing, showjumping and dressage, with arthrodesis of the PIP joint were reviewed. Arthrodesis was performed with either 3 transarticular cortex bone screws placed in lag fashion, a dynamic compression plate (DCP) with 2 transarticular cortex bone screws placed in lag fashion, or a locking compression plate (LCP) with 2 transarticular cortex bone screws placed in lag fashion. Demographic data, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, surgical technique, post operative treatment and complications were recorded. Long‐term follow‐up was obtained for all 82 horses.ResultsOsteoarthritis of the PIP joint was the most common presenting condition requiring arthrodesis, which was performed with either the 3 screw technique (n = 41), DCP fixation (n = 22), or LCP fixation (n = 19). Post operatively, 23/31 (74%) Warmbloods/Thoroughbreds and 44/51 (87%) Quarter Horses achieved successful outcomes. Thirteen of 23 (57%) Warmbloods/Thoroughbreds and 24 of 38 (63%) Quarter Horses, used for athletic performance, returned to successful competition. Within this subgroup of horses engaged in high‐level activity, regardless of breed type, horses undergoing hindlimb arthrodesis were significantly more likely to return to successful competition (73%; 33/45) than those with forelimb arthrodesis (25%; 4/16, P = 0.002).ConclusionsArthrodesis of the PIP joint in Warmbloods/Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses results in a favourable outcome for return to their intended use and athletic competition.
The risk of upgrade for atypical ductal hyperplasia detected on magnetic resonance imaging‐guided biopsy: a study of 100 cases from four academic institutions
Authors: Khoury Thaer , Li Zaibo , Sanati Souzan , Desouki Mohamed M , Chen Xiwei , Wang Dan , Liu Song , Karabakhtsian Rouzan , Kumar Prasanna , Reig Beatriu 
Published: August 2015

AimsTo identify variables that can predict upgrade for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐detected atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH).Methods and resultsWe reviewed 1655 MRI‐guided core biopsies between 2005 and 2013, yielding 100 (6%) cases with ADH. The pathological features of ADH and MRI findings were recorded. An upgrade was considered when the subsequent surgical excision yielded invasive carcinoma (IC) or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The rate of ADH between institutions was 3.3–7.1%, with an average of 6%. A total of 15 (15%) cases had upgrade, 12 DCIS and three IC. When all cases were included, only increased number of involved cores was statistically significant (P = 0.02). When cases with concurrent lobular neoplasia (LN) were excluded (n = 14), increased number of ADH foci and increased number of involved cores were statistically significant (P = 0.002, P = 0.009). We analysed the data separately from a single institution (n = 61). Increased number of foci, increased number of total cores and involved cores and larger ADH size predicted upgrade with statistical significance.ConclusionsThe incidence of ADH in MRI‐guided core biopsy is rare. The rate of upgrade is comparable to mammographically detected ADH, warranting surgical excision. Similar to mammographically detected lesions, the volume of the ADH predicts the upgrade.