bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic analysis of universes with the initial and final de Sitter eras
Authors: Moradpour H. , Sabet M. T. Mohammadi , Ghasemi A. 
Published: August 2015

Our aim is studying the thermodynamics of cosmological models including initial and final de Sitter eras. For this propose, bearing Cai–Kim temperature in mind, we investigate the thermodynamic properties of a dark energy (DE) candidate with variable energy density, and show that the state parameter of this dark energy candidate [Formula: see text] should obey the [Formula: see text] constraint, whiles there is no interaction between the fluids filled the universe, and the universe is not in the de Sitter eras. Additionally, based on the thermal fluctuation theory, we study the possibility of inducing fluctuations to the entropy of the DE candidate due to a mutual interaction between the cosmos sectors. Therefore, we find a relation between the thermal fluctuations and the mutual interaction between the cosmos sectors, whiles the DE candidate has a varying energy density. Finally, bearing the coincidence problem in mind, we derive a constraint on the vacuum energy, and investigate its relation with the entropy evolution of the DE candidate. We also point to a model with initial and final de Sitter eras in which a gravitationally induced particle production process leads to change the expansion eras, whiles the corresponding pressure is considered as the cause of current accelerated phase. We study its thermodynamics, and show that such processes may also leave thermal fluctuations into the system. We also find an expression between the thermal fluctuations and the particle production rate. Finally, we use Hayward–Kodama temperature to get a relation for the horizon entropy in models including the gravitationally induced particle production process. Our study shows that the first law of thermodynamics is available on the apparent horizon whiles, the gravitationally induced particle production process, as the DE candidate, may add an additional term to the Bekenstein limit of the horizon. The relation between the validity of the second law of thermodynamics and the gravitationally particle production process is also studied.
Subsidence history and basin-fill evolution in the South Caspian Basin from geophysical mapping, flexural backstripping, forward lithospheric modelling and gravity modelling
Authors: Abdullayev N. A. , Kadirov F. , Guliyev I. S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study summarizes the subsidence history and aspects of the geodynamic evolution of the South Caspian Basin based on the integration of geophysical observations, and subsidence and gravity modelling on selected two-dimensional (2D) profiles. This analysis implies the presence of an attenuated ‘oceanic-type’ crust in the northern portion of the South Caspian Basin, demonstrates characteristics of basin subsidence on variable crustal types and describes sediment-fill evolution in several different parts of the basin. Modelling conducted in this study shows that the observed pattern of subsidence and sedimentation in the South Caspian Basin can be explained by a process of thermal subsidence following Jurassic rifting and further enhanced subsidence that resulted from sediment-induced loading in the Late Tertiary, especially after a large-scale base-level fall after 6 Ma.
Variation in crustal type is reflected in differences observed in the degree of subsidence and sediment fill in the overlying stratigraphy. The western part of the South Caspian Basin has subsided differently to the eastern part because of this difference in crustal type. This is also confirmed by gravity modelling, which shows that the South Caspian Basin crustal density is compatible with an oceanic composition in the western part of the South Caspian Basin: the crust in the eastern part of the basin, however, is thicker.
Rho-Kinase Inhibition During Early Cardiac Development Causes Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in Mice
Authors: Ellawindy Alia , Satoh Kimio , Sunamura Shinichiro , Kikuchi Nobuhiro , Suzuki Kota , Minami Tatsuro , Ikeda Shohei , Tanaka Shinichi , Shimizu Toru , Enkhjargal Budbazar , Miyata Satoshi , Taguchi Yuhto , Handoh Tetsuya , Kobayashi Kenta , Kobayashi Kazuto , Nakayama Keiko , Miura Masahito , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: August 2015

Objective—
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is characterized by fibrofatty changes of the right ventricle, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death. Though ARVC is currently regarded as a disease of the desmosome, desmosomal gene mutations have been identified only in half of ARVC patients, suggesting the involvement of other associated mechanisms. Rho-kinase signaling is involved in the regulation of intracellular transport and organizes cytoskeletal filaments, which supports desmosomal protein complex at the myocardial cell–cell junctions. Here, we explored whether inhibition of Rho-kinase signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of ARVC.

Approach and Results—
Using 2 novel mouse models with SM22α- or αMHC-restricted overexpression of dominant-negative Rho-kinase, we show that mice with Rho-kinase inhibition in the developing heart (SM22α-restricted) spontaneously develop cardiac dilatation and dysfunction, myocardial fibrofatty changes, and ventricular arrhythmias, resulting in premature sudden death, phenotypes fulfilling the criteria of ARVC in humans. Rho-kinase inhibition in the developing heart results in the development of ARVC phenotypes in dominant-negative Rho-kinase mice through 3 mechanisms: (1) reduction of cardiac cell proliferation and ventricular wall thickness, (2) stimulation of the expression of the proadipogenic noncanonical Wnt ligand, Wnt5b, and the major adipogenic transcription factor, PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ), and inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and (3) development of desmosomal abnormalities. These mechanisms lead to the development of cardiac dilatation and dysfunction, myocardial fibrofatty changes, and ventricular arrhythmias, ultimately resulting in sudden premature death in this ARVC mouse model.

Conclusions—
This study demonstrates a novel crucial role of Rho-kinase inhibition during cardiac development in the pathogenesis of ARVC in mice.
Sex-Specific Association of Sleep Apnea Severity With Subclinical Myocardial Injury, Ventricular Hypertrophy, and Heart Failure Risk in a Community-Dwelling Cohort
Authors: Roca Gabriela Querejeta , Redline Susan , Claggett Brian , Bello Natalie , Ballantyne Christie M. , Solomon Scott D. , Shah Amil M. 
Published: August 2015

Background—
Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the development of subsequent cardiovascular (CV) complications differ by sex. We hypothesize that the relationship between OSA and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), cardiac structure, and CV outcomes differs by sex.

Methods and Results—

Seven hundred fifty-two men and 893 women free of CV disease participating in both the Atherosclerosis Risk in the Communities and the Sleep Heart Health Studies were included. All participants (mean age, 62.5±5.5 years) underwent polysomnography and measurement of hs-TnT. OSA severity was defined by using established clinical categories. Subjects were followed for 13.6±3.2 years for incident coronary disease, heart failure, and CV and all-cause mortality. Surviving subjects underwent echocardiography after 15.2±0.8 years. OSA was independently associated with hs-TnT among women (
P
=0.03) but not in men (
P
=0.94). Similarly, OSA was associated with incident heart failure or death in women (
P
=0.01) but not men (
P
=0.10). This association was no longer significant after adjusting for hs-TnT (
P
=0.09). Among surviving participants without an incident CV event, OSA assessed in midlife was independently associated with higher left ventricle mass index only among women (
P
=0.001).

Conclusions—
Sex-specific differences exist in the relationship between OSA and CV disease. OSA, assessed in midlife, is independently associated with higher levels of concomitantly measured hs-TnT among women but not men, in whom other comorbidities associated with OSA may play a more important role. During 13-year follow-up, OSA was associated with incident heart failure or death only among women, and, among those without an incident event, it was independently associated with left ventricular hypertrophy only in women.
Intracellular Na
+
Concentration ([Na
+
]
i
) Is Elevated in Diabetic Hearts Due to Enhanced Na
+
–Glucose Cotransport
Authors: Lambert Rebekah , Srodulski Sarah , Peng Xiaoli , Margulies Kenneth B. , Despa Florin , Despa Sanda 
Published: August 2015

Background

Intracellular Na
+
concentration ([Na
+
]
i
) regulates Ca
2+
cycling, contractility, metabolism, and electrical stability of the heart. [Na
+
]
i
is elevated in heart failure, leading to arrhythmias and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that myocyte [Na
+
]
i
is also increased in type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to enhanced activity of the Na
+
–glucose cotransporter.

Methods and Results

To test this hypothesis, we used myocardial tissue from humans with T2D and a rat model of late‐onset T2D (
HIP
rat). Western blot analysis showed increased Na
+
–glucose cotransporter expression in failing hearts from T2D patients compared with nondiabetic persons (by 73±13%) and in
HIP
rat hearts versus wild‐type (
WT
) littermates (by 61±8%). [Na
+
]
i
was elevated in
HIP
rat myocytes both at rest (14.7±0.9 versus 11.4±0.7 mmol/L in
WT
) and during electrical stimulation (17.3±0.8 versus 15.0±0.7 mmol/L); however, the Na
+
/K
+
‐pump function was similar in
HIP
and
WT
cells, suggesting that higher [Na
+
]
i
is due to enhanced Na
+
entry in diabetic hearts. Indeed, Na
+
influx was significantly larger in myocytes from
HIP
versus
WT
rats (1.77±0.11 versus 1.29±0.06 mmol/L per minute). Na
+
–glucose cotransporter inhibition with phlorizin or glucose‐free solution greatly reduced Na
+
influx in
HIP
myocytes (to 1.20±0.16 mmol/L per minute), whereas it had no effect in
WT
cells. Phlorizin also significantly decreased glucose uptake in
HIP
myocytes (by 33±9%) but not in
WT
, indicating an increased reliance on the Na
+
–glucose cotransporter for glucose uptake in T2D hearts.

Conclusions

Myocyte Na
+
–glucose cotransport is enhanced in T2D, which increases Na
+
influx and causes Na
+
overload. Higher [Na
+
]
i
may contribute to arrhythmogenesis and oxidative stress in diabetic hearts.
Prognostic Significance of Premature Atrial Complexes Burden in Prediction of Long‐Term Outcome
Authors: Lin Chin‐Yu , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Chen Yun‐Yu , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lo Li‐Wei , Chao Tze‐Fan , Chung Fa‐Po , Hu Yu‐Feng , Chong Eric , Cheng Hao‐Min , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Liao Jo‐Nan , Chiou Chuen‐Wang , Huang Jin‐Long , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: August 2015

Background

The prognostic significance of premature atrial complex (
PAC
) burden is not fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the burden of
PAC
s and long‐term outcome.

Methods and Results

We investigated the clinical characteristics of 5371 consecutive patients without atrial fibrillation (
AF
) or a permanent pacemaker (
PPM
) at baseline who underwent 24‐hour electrocardiography monitoring between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2004. Clinical event data were retrieved from the Bureau of National Health Insurance of Taiwan. During a mean follow‐up duration of 10±1 years, there were 1209 deaths, 1166 cardiovascular‐related hospitalizations, 3104 hospitalizations for any reason, 418 cases of new‐onset
AF
, and 132
PPM
implantations. The optimal cut‐off of
PAC
burden for predicting mortality was 76 beats per day, with a sensitivity of 63.1% and a specificity of 63.5%. In multivariate analysis, a
PAC
burden >76 beats per day was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio: 1.384, 95%
CI
: 1.230 to 1.558), cardiovascular hospitalization (hazard ratio: 1.284, 95%
CI
: 1.137 to 1.451), new‐onset
AF
(hazard ratio: 1.757, 95%
CI
: 1.427 to 2.163), and
PPM
implantation (hazard ratio: 2.821, 95%
CI
: 1.898 to 4.192). Patients with frequent
PAC
had increased risk of mortality attributable to myocardial infarction, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Frequent
PAC
s increased risk of
PPM
implantation owing to sick sinus syndrome, high‐degree atrioventricular block, and/or
AF
.

Conclusions

The burden of
PAC
s is independently associated with mortality, cardiovascular hospitalization, new‐onset
AF
, and
PPM
implantation in the long term.
Relationships Between Imaging Assessments and Outcomes in Solitaire With the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Albers Gregory W. , Goyal Mayank , Jahan Reza , Bonafe Alain , Diener Hans-Christoph , Levy Elad I. , Pereira Vitor M. , Cognard Christophe , Yavagal Dileep R. , Saver Jeffrey L. 
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose—
Imaging findings can predict outcomes in patients with acute stroke. Relationships between imaging findings and clinical and imaging outcomes in patients randomized to intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator–alone versus tissue-type plasminogen activator plus endovascular therapy (Solitaire device) in the Solitaire With the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke (SWIFT PRIME) study were assessed.

Methods—
We evaluated associations between imaging assessments (baseline mismatch profiles/ischemic core volumes and successful reperfusion) with imaging outcomes (27-hour infarct volume/growth) and clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale scores at 90 days). Imaging variables that predict favorable clinical outcomes were assessed in both univariate and multivariate models.

Results—
One hundred and ninety-five patients were included. Successful reperfusion and infarct volume (assessed at 27 hours) were powerful independent predictors of favorable clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 at 90 days). Patients with the target mismatch profile at baseline had a higher rate of reperfusion, lesser infarct growth, smaller infarct volumes, and better clinical outcomes in the Solitaire plus tissue-type plasminogen activator (intervention) group than those in the tissue-type plasminogen activator–alone (control) group. Patients with larger mismatch volumes at baseline had a trend toward better treatment response in the intervention group than patients who had smaller (<50 mL) mismatch volumes.

Conclusions—
Patients who achieved reperfusion had substantially more favorable clinical and imaging outcomes in both the intervention and the control groups. Infarct volume at 27 hours strongly correlated with clinical outcome at 90 days in both treatment groups. SWIFT PRIME patients with the target mismatch profile had a highly favorable response to endovascular therapy on both clinical and imaging outcomes. Both reperfusion and infarct volumes at 27 hours were powerful and independent predictors of 90-day clinical outcomes.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01657461.
BOOK REVIEW: The Book of Beetles. A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature’s gems (editd by Patrice Bouchard, Ivy Press, UK, 2014, 656 pages)
Authors: ČIAMPOR FEDOR JR. 
Published: August 2015

Today, there are plenty of beetle books available on the market. They usually introduce readers to the biggest or smallest, strangely-shaped, or markedly-coloured beetle species. This generally proves to be fairly easy given the richness of morphological and ecological diversity within this order. Unfortunately, such treatments only capture a fraction of the world‘s Coleoptera diversity, use the same examples, and sometimes even the same pictures. That is almost all you learn about one of the biggest and most important animal groups in the world. The Book of Beetles (BoB) does not focus on any of the usual attributes, i.e., biggest size, most shining body or the longest nose. In spite of this (or maybe because of it), the BoB is exceptional.
Mechanisms of Tidal Oscillatory Salt Transport in a Partially Stratified Estuary
Authors: Wang Tao , Geyer W. Rockwell , Engel Patricia , Jiang Wensheng , Feng Shizuo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTidal oscillatory salt transport, induced by the correlation between tidal variations in salinity and velocity, is an important term for the subtidal salt balance under the commonly used Eulerian method of salt transport decomposition. In this paper, its mechanisms in a partially stratified estuary are investigated with a numerical model of the Hudson estuary. During neap tides, when the estuary is strongly stratified, the tidal oscillatory salt transport is mainly due to the hydraulic response of the halocline to the longitudinal variation of topography. This mechanism does not involve vertical mixing, so it should not be regarded as oscillatory shear dispersion, but instead it should be regarded as advective transport of salt, which results from the vertical distortion of exchange flow obtained in the Eulerian decomposition by vertical fluctuations of the halocline. During spring tides, the estuary is weakly stratified, and vertical mixing plays a significant role in the tidal variation of salinity. In the spring tide regime, the tidal oscillatory salt transport is mainly due to oscillatory shear dispersion. In addition, the transient lateral circulation near large channel curvature causes the transverse tilt of the halocline. This mechanism has little effect on the cross-sectionally integrated tidal oscillatory salt transport, but it results in an apparent left–right cross-channel asymmetry of tidal oscillatory salt transport. With the isohaline framework, tidal oscillatory salt transport can be regarded as a part of the net estuarine salt transport, and the Lagrangian advective mechanism and dispersive mechanism can be distinguished.
Upregulation of microRNA-370 facilitates the repair of amputated fingers through targeting forkhead box protein O1
Authors: Zhang Hongxing , Sun Xiaojuan , Hao Dingjun 
Published: August 2015

Angiogenesis is critical to the success of digital replantation. Recent study suggests an important regulatory role of microRNA-370 (miR-370) in ischemia–reperfusion injury. However, its function in digital replantation is poorly understood. In this study, we reported that the expression of miR-370 was upregulated in replantation tissues. miR-370 mimic transfection promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) proliferation by regulating the cell cycle and inhibited apoptosis. miR-370 mimic transfection also significantly increased HUVECs migration and induced the formation of capillary-like structures in HUVECs, indicated that miR-370 promoted capillary tube formation in vitro. Furthermore, forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) was identified as the functional target of miR-370 by dual-luciferase reporter assay. FOXO1 overexpression vector lacked 3′-UTR together with miR-370 mimic transfection strongly abrogated miR-370-induced cell proliferation and the formation of capillary-like structures in HUVECs. Taken together, our results revealed that the upregulation of miR-370 might facilitate the repair of amputated fingers by regulating angiogenesis through targeting FOXO1. This study provided a potential therapeutic target for the restoration of finger function after replantation.
Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation with Counseling Reduces Anemia in Adolescent Girls: A Large-Scale Effectiveness Study in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Vir Sheila C. , Singh Neelam , Nigam Arun K. , Jain Ritu 
Published: August 2015

Background Weekly iron–folic acid supplementation in small-scale research trials and as administered in institutions has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing anemia in adolescent girls. Objective To assess the effectiveness of weekly iron–folic acid supplementation in a large-scale project in reducing the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls. Methods The project provided weekly iron–folic acid tablets, family life education, and deworming tablets every 6 months to 150,700 adolescent school girls and non-schoolgirls of a total district population of 3,647,834. Consumption of the iron–folic acid tablets was supervised for schoolgirls but not for non-schoolgirls. Hemoglobin levels were assessed in a random sample of non-schoolgirls at 6 and 12 months and schoolgirls at 6 months. The effect of supplementation on the prevalence of anemia and the compliance rate were assessed over a 4-year period. Results In 4 years, the overall prevalence of anemia was reduced from 73.3% to 25.4%. Hemoglobin levels and anemia prevalence were influenced significantly at 6 months. No difference in the impact on hemoglobin or anemia prevalence was observed between supervised and unsupervised girls. Counseling on the positive effects of regular weekly iron–folic acid intake contributed to a high compliance rate of over 85%. The cost of implementation was US$0.36 per beneficiary per year. Conclusions Weekly iron–folic acid supplementation combined with monthly education sessions and deworming every 6 months is cost-effective in reducing the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls. Appropriate counseling, irrespective of supervision, is critical for achieving positive outcomes.
Experimental evidence for partial Fe2+ disorder at the Y and Z sites of tourmaline: a combined EMP, SREF, MS, IR and OAS study of schorl
Authors: Bosi Ferdinando , Andreozzi Giovanni B. , Hålenius Ulf , Skogby Henrik 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn experimental study of an Al-rich schorl sample from Cruzeiro mine (Minas Gerais, Brazil) was carried out using electron microprobe analysis, structural refinement and Mössbauer, infrared and optical absorption spectroscopy in order to explore the disordering of Fe2+ over the Y and Z sites of the tourmaline structure.A structural formula was obtained by merging chemical and structural data. The cation distribution at the two non-equivalent octahedrally coordinated sites (Y and Z) was obtained by two different optimization procedures which, minimizing the residuals between observed and calculated data, converged to the formula: X(Na0.65〈0.32Ca0.02K0.01)Σ1.00Y(Fe1.652+Al1.15Fe0.063+Mn0.052+Zn0.05Ti0.044+)Σ3.00Z(Al5.52Fe0.302+Mg0.18)Σ6.00[T(Si5.87Al0.13)Σ6.00O18](BBO3)3V(OH)3W[(OH)0.34F0.28O0.38]Σ1.00.This result shows a partial disordering of Fe2+ over the Y and Z sites which explains adequately the mean atomic number observed for the Z site (13.5±0.1). Such a disordering is also in line with the shoulder recorded in the Mössbauer spectrum (fitted by a doublet with isomer shift of 1.00 mm/s and quadrupole splitting of 1.38 mm/s) as well as with the asymmetric bands recorded in the optical absorption spectrum at ∼9000 and 14,500 cm–1 (modelled by four Gaussian bands, centred at 7677 and 9418 cm–1, and 13,154 and 14,994 cm–1, respectively).The high degree of consistency in the results obtained using the different methods suggests that the controversy over Fe2+ order can be ascribed to the failure to detect small amounts of Fe2+ at Z (typically <<10% atoms/site) rather than a steric effect of Fe2+ on the tourmaline structure.
Stabilities of byströmite, MgSb2O6, ordoñezite, ZnSb2O6 and rosiaite, PbSb2O6, and their possible roles in limiting antimony mobility in the supergene zone
Authors: Roper Adam J. , Leverett Peter , Murphy Timothy D. , Williams Peter A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn order to clarify the roles that secondary minerals may have in determining the extent of dispersion of Sb in the supergene environment, syntheses and stability studies of the Sb(V) oxides byströmite, MgSb2O6, ordoñezite, ZnSb2O6 and rosiaite, PbSb2O6, have been undertaken. Solubilities in aqueous HNO3 were determined at 298.2 K and the data obtained used to calculate values of Δ at the same temperature. The derived Δ(s, 298.2 K) values for MgSb2O6 (–1554.1 ±3.6 kJ mol–1), ZnSb2O6 (–1257.0 ±2.6 kJ mol–1) and PbSb2O6 (–1154.2 ±2.6 kJ mol–1) have been used in subsequent calculations to determine their relative stabilities and relationships with other secondary Sb minerals.