bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White matter alterations in bipolar disorder: potential for drug discovery and development
Authors: Marlinge Emeline , Bellivier Frank , Houenou Josselin 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesBrain white matter (WM) alterations have recently emerged as potentially relevant in bipolar disorder. New techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging allow precise exploration of these WM microstructural alterations in bipolar disorder. Our objective was to critically review WM alterations in bipolar disorder, using neuroimaging and neuropathological studies, in the context of neural models and the potential for drug discovery and development.MethodsWe conducted a systematic PubMed and Google Scholar search of the WM and bipolar disorder literature up to and including January 2013.ResultsFindings relating to WM alterations are consistent in neuroimaging and neuropathology studies of bipolar disorder, especially in regions involved in emotional processing such as the anterior frontal lobe, corpus callosum, cingulate cortex, and in fronto‐limbic connections. Some of the structural alterations are related to genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder and may underlie the dysfunctional emotional processing described in recent neurobiological models of bipolar disorder. Medication effects in bipolar disorder, from lithium and other mood stabilizers, might impact myelinating processes, particularly by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta.ConclusionsPathways leading to WM alterations in bipolar disorder represent potential targets for the development and discovery of new drugs. Myelin damage in bipolar disorder suggests that the effects of existing pro‐myelinating drugs should also be evaluated to improve our understanding and treatment of this disease.
Genetic variation in CD36,HBA,NOS3 and VCAM1 is associated with chronic haemolysis level in sickle cell anaemia: a longitudinal study
Authors: Coelho Andreia , Dias Alexandra , Morais Anabela , Nunes Baltazar , Ferreira Emanuel , Picanço Isabel , Faustino Paula , Lavinha João 
Published: October 2013

AbstractChronic haemolysis stands out as one of the hallmarks of sickle cell anaemia, a clinically heterogeneous autosomal recessive monogenic anaemia. However, the genetic architecture of this sub‐phenotype is still poorly understood. Here, we report the results of an association study between haemolysis biomarkers (serum LDH, total bilirubin and reticulocyte count) and the inheritance of 41 genetic variants of ten candidate genes in a series of 99 paediatric SS patients (median current age of 9.9 yr) followed up in two general hospitals in Greater Lisboa area (median follow‐up per patient of 5.0 yr). Although in a large number of tests a seemingly significant (i.e. P < 0.05) association was observed, the following ones were confirmed upon correction for multiple comparisons: (i) an increased serum LDH level was associated with haplotype 7 within VCAM1 gene; (ii) a lower total bilirubin was associated with the 3.7‐kb deletion at HBA gene, rs2070744_T allele at NOS3 gene, and haplotype 9 within VCAM1 promoter; and (iii) a diminished reticulocyte count was associated with the 3.7‐kb deletion at HBA, whereas an increased count was associated with rs1984112_G allele at CD36 gene. On the whole, our findings suggest a complex genetic architecture for the sickle cell anaemia haemolysis process involving multiple pathways, namely control of vascular cell adhesion, NO synthesis and erythrocyte volume and haemoglobinisation.
Scabies community prevalence and mass drug administration in two Fijian villages
Authors: Haar Karin , Romani Lucia , Filimone Raikanikoda , Kishore Kamal , Tuicakau Meciusela , Koroivueta Josefa , Kaldor John M. , Wand Handan , Steer Andrew , Whitfeld Margot 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundScabies has been estimated to affect approximately 300 million people worldwide each year. Scabies rates are high and pose a significant public health problem in Fiji. Community‐based comparison treatment trials have not been undertaken. We estimated scabies prevalence and compared the efficacy and tolerability of mass drug administration (MDA) of benzyl benzoate lotion (BB) or oral ivermectin (IVM) in two villages in Fiji.MethodsA prospective MDA trial was undertaken in two Fijian villages, comparing three daily applications of BB with single dose IVM or permethrin cream for those aged under two years. The therapies were offered to all community members regardless of the presence of scabies or its symptoms. The difference in prevalence was measured before and after the intervention and absolute risk reduction (ARR) and relative risk (RR) calculated.ResultsIn the BB group, there were 572 eligible participants, of whom 435 (76%) enrolled and 201 (46%) returned for follow‐up. In the IVM group, there were 667 eligible participants, of whom 325 (49%) enrolled and 126 (39%) returned. Scabies prevalence was lower after the intervention in both groups. It fell from 37.9 to 20.0% (ARR 18.0%; RR 0.52) in the BB group and from 23.7 to 9.5% (ARR 14.2%; RR 0.40) in the IVM group.ConclusionsOur study provides proof of principle that MDA for scabies can reduce scabies prevalence at the community level, and that there was no significant difference in this trial between BB and oral IVM.
Maternal and neonatal health outcomes following the implementation of an innovative model of nurse practitioner‐led care for diabetes in pregnancy
Authors: Murfet Giuliana O. , Allen Penny , Hingston Tania J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate maternal and neonatal outcomes following implementation of a nurse practitioner‐led model of care for diabetes in pregnancy.BackgroundDiabetes in pregnancy increases the risk of adverse health outcomes in mothers and infants. The management of diabetes in pregnancy is crucial to reduce poor outcomes.DesignUncontrolled before‐after intervention study.MethodsInternational Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify pregnancies suspected of being complicated by diabetes. Demographic, health, diabetes and maternity data were extracted from hospital records. Adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared pre‐ (2003–2006) and postintervention (2010–2011). Adjusted relative risks (aRR) were calculated using the glm command in Stata.ResultsA total of 261 pregnancies were included: 112 pre‐intervention and 149 managed under the nurse practitioner‐led model. There were 37 women with pre‐existing diabetes (26 T1DM, 11 T2DM) and 195 with gestational diabetes. Referrals to dieticians and diabetes educators increased, while referrals to physicians decreased. There was no decrease in the risk of adverse maternal outcomes for all women with DIP or women with GDM. However, there was a 24% decrease in adverse neonatal outcomes overall and a 40% decrease among infants of women with gestational diabetes.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that nurse practitioner‐led models of care for diabetes in pregnancy are feasible. The findings suggest that the model reduced adverse neonatal outcomes. By improving information provision, support and care coordination, the model is particularly valuable in rural areas, where access to medical specialists is often restricted.
New insights on diapirism in the Adriatic Sea: the Tremiti salt structure (Apulia offshore, southeastern Italy)
Authors: Festa Vincenzo , Teofilo Gianvito , Tropeano Marcello , Sabato Luisa , Spalluto Luigi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe reinterpretation of public seismic profiles in the Adriatic offshore of Gargano (Apulia, southern Italy) allowed the detection of a kilometre‐scale salt‐anticline, the Tremiti diapir, within the larger Tremiti Structure. This anticline was generated by diapirism of Upper Triassic anhydrites within a thick Mesozoic to Quaternary sedimentary succession. Both internal stratal patterns and shapes of Plio‐Quaternary units, and the occurrence of an angular unconformity between early Tortonian and Pliocene rocks on the Tremiti Islands, suggest that halokinesis began during the late Miocene and is still active today. An ancient extensional SE‐dipping fault, cutting an older Mesozoic low‐amplitude anhydritic ridge, played an important role during salt mobilization, which was promoted by NW‐SE shortening. The diapir grew in the footwall of this fault, causing its upward propagation. In some places, the ancient fault served as a preferential channel for the upward migration of the anhydrites.
Deep Molecular Response in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: The New Goal of Therapy?
Authors: Mahon François-Xavier , Etienne Gabriel 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by formation of the BCR–ABL1 fusion protein. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that target BCR–ABL1 are now the standard of care for patients with CML. Molecular monitoring of residual BCR–ABL1 mRNA transcripts, typically performed using real-time quantitative PCR, has improved treatment management, particularly for patients with CML in chronic phase. Major molecular response (MMR; i.e., a ≥3-log reduction in BCR–ABL1 transcript levels) is used in current treatment guidelines to assess prognosis. Recent evidence suggests that deeper molecular responses (≥4-log reductions in BCR–ABL1 transcript levels), particularly when attained early during treatment, may have even better correlation with long-term outcomes, including survival and disease progression. Furthermore, achieving deep molecular response is a requirement for entering trials evaluating treatment-free remission (TFR). In this review, we discuss the evolving definition of minimal residual disease and the various levels of molecular response under evaluation in current clinical studies. In addition, the available clinical data on achieving MMR and deeper levels of molecular response with TKI therapy, the prognostic value of deep molecular response, and factors that may predict a patient's ability to achieve and sustain a deep molecular response on TKI therapy are also discussed. Available data from TFR studies are addressed. We discuss current knowledge of the ideal conditions for attempting treatment discontinuation, factors predictive of molecular relapse, when TKI therapy should be restarted, and which therapeutic strategies (when administered in the first-line setting and beyond) are expected to best enable successful TFR. Clin Cancer Res; 20(2); 310–22. ©2013 AACR.
CD137 as a Biomarker for Tumor-Reactive T Cells: Finding Gold in the Desert
Authors: Zhu Yuwen , Chen Lieping 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Although human cancer is often surrounded by immune cells, only a small number are tumor-reactive T cells that recognize the tumor antigens and are able to eliminate the cancer cells. Ye and colleagues now found that many of these tumor-reactive T cells are marked by expressing CD137, a T-cell costimulatory receptor. Clin Cancer Res; 20(1); 3–5. ©2013 AACR.
Discriminating Taxonomic Categories and Domains in Mental Simulations of Concepts of Varying Concreteness
Authors: Anderson Andrew J. , Murphy Brian , Poesio Massimo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Most studies of conceptual knowledge in the brain focus on a narrow range of concrete conceptual categories, rely on the researchers' intuitions about which object belongs to these categories, and assume a broadly taxonomic organization of knowledge. In this fMRI study, we focus on concepts with a variety of concreteness levels; we use a state of the art lexical resource (WordNet 3.1) as the source for a relatively large number of category distinctions and compare a taxonomic style of organization with a domain-based model (an example domain is Law). Participants mentally simulated situations associated with concepts when cued by text stimuli. Using multivariate pattern analysis, we find evidence that all Taxonomic categories and Domains can be distinguished from fMRI data and also observe a clear concreteness effect: Tools and Locations can be reliably predicted for unseen participants, but less concrete categories (e.g., Attributes, Communications, Events, Social Roles) can only be reliably discriminated within participants. A second concreteness effect relates to the interaction of Domain and Taxonomic category membership: Domain (e.g., relation to Law vs. Music) can be better predicted for less concrete categories. We repeated the analysis within anatomical regions, observing discrimination between all/most categories in the left mid occipital and left mid temporal gyri, and more specialized discrimination for concrete categories Tool and Location in the left precentral and fusiform gyri, respectively. Highly concrete/abstract Taxonomic categories and Domain were segregated in frontal regions. We conclude that both Taxonomic and Domain class distinctions are relevant for interpreting neural structuring of concrete and abstract concepts.
Genetic structure of Ipomoea imperati (Convolvulaceae) in the Mediterranean region and implications for its conservation
Authors: Cennamo Paola , Del Guacchio Emanuele , Paino Luca , De Castro Olga , Menale Bruno , Vasquez-Torres Mario , Caputo Paolo 
Published: October 2013

In this paper, we studied the relationships of the only surviving Italian population of Ipomoea imperati (Convolvulaceae), a pantropical sandy coastal species, in Sicily and other populations in the Mediterranean region. Herbarium samples which are representative of extinct populations growing in Campania (Italy) were also investigated together with populations from various Atlantic and Mediterranean localities. Chloroplast DNA microsatellites (cp-SSR) and nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences were jointly employed, in order to detect relationships among populations. Our aims were several-fold: (1) to clarify if the species is autochthonous in the Mediterranean basin or a post-Columbian introduction; (2) to investigate phylogeographic patterns in the species and (3) to establish the possible role of dispersal in explaining the patterns observed. Chloroplast microsatellite variation indicates that extinct Italian mainland populations of I. imperati from Campania are not closely related to the extant Sicilian one, as they do not share haplotypes. Chloroplast DNA microsatellite variation is largely between populations, and the within populations component accounts for only approximately 10%. CpDNA data is consistent with a single Mediterranean entry point hypothesis or with the notion that some populations display plesiomorphic variability. ITS data is congruent with the possibility that the presence of I. imperati in the Mediterranean is the result of transatlantic dispersal. The population from Sicily and extinct populations from Campania share an ITS type. A Bayesian analysis employing clock calibration data on an expanded ITS dataset with appropriate outgroups indicates that dates of transoceanic distribution are probably earlier than historical times.
Selective head cooling for the treatment of neurologic complications of acute liver failure in a newborn with disseminated herpes infection
Authors: Hansen Gregory , Grimason Michele , Collins James W , Wainwright Mark S 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Neurologic complications of pediatric acute liver failure (ALF) are a major determinant of outcome. Management of these complications, including increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is largely supportive. Although hypothermia is an effective treatment for perinatal asphyxia and is used to reduce ICP following traumatic brain injury, it has not been evaluated for neurologic complications of ALF in the newborn.

Methods
Case report.

Results
We present a case of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV)-associated ALF with profound neurologic impairment and increased ICP. The patient was treated with selective head cooling, and monitored with transcranial doppler (TCD) studies of cerebral blood flow velocity, and electroencephalograms (EEG). The duration of head cooling was influenced by absent diastolic flow on TCDs, which subsequently improved during hypothermia. Continuous EEGs captured subclinical seizures, which improved with antiepileptic medications. Her death was attributed to a massive pulmonary hemorrhage and a hypoxemic cardiac arrest secondary to significant coagulopathy.

Conclusion
This case demonstrates that selective head cooling may attenuate increased ICP in neonatal encephalopathy, and that TCDs may guide management in the absence of invasive monitoring.
IL-1β processing in mechanical ventilation-induced inflammation is dependent on neutrophil factors rather than caspase-1
Authors: Timmermans Kim , van der Wal Selina EI , Vaneker Michiel , van der Laak Jeroen AWM , Netea Mihai G , Pickkers Peter , Scheffer Gert Jan , Joosten Leo AB , Kox Matthijs 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Purpose
Mechanical ventilation can cause ventilator-induced lung injury, characterized by a sterile inflammatory response in the lungs resulting in tissue damage and respiratory failure. The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ventilator-induced lung injury. Cleavage of the inactive precursor pro-IL-1β to form bioactive IL-1β is mediated by several types of proteases, of which caspase-1, activated within the inflammasome, is the most important. Herein, we studied the roles of IL-1β, caspase-1 and neutrophil factors in the mechanical ventilation-induced inflammatory response in mice.

Methods
Untreated wild-type mice, IL-1αβ knockout and caspase-1 knockout mice, pralnacasan (a selective caspase-1 inhibitor)-treated mice, anti-keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC)-treated mice and cyclophosphamide-treated neutrophil-depleted wild-type mice were ventilated using clinically relevant ventilator settings (tidal volume 8 ml/kg). The lungs and plasma were collected to determine blood gas values, cytokine profiles and neutrophil influx.

Results
Mechanical ventilation resulted in increased pulmonary concentrations of IL-1β and KC and increased pulmonary neutrophil influx compared with non-ventilated mice. Ventilated IL-1αβ knockout mice did not demonstrate this increase in cytokines. No significant differences were observed between wild-type and caspase-1-deficient or pralnacasan-treated mice. In contrast, in anti-KC antibody-treated mice and neutropenic mice, inflammatory parameters decreased in comparison with ventilated non-treated mice.

Conclusions
Our results illustrate that IL-1 is indeed an important cytokine in the inflammatory cascade induced by mechanical ventilation. However, the inflammasome/caspase-1 appears not to be involved in IL-1β processing in this type of inflammatory response. The attenuated inflammatory response observed in ventilated anti-KC-treated and neutropenic mice suggests that IL-1β processing in mechanical ventilation-induced inflammation is mainly mediated by neutrophil factors.
On weakly pronormal subgroups of finite groups
Authors: Asaad Mohamed 
Published: October 2013

Abstract.
Let G be a finite group. A subgroup H of G
is called pronormal in G if for each

g
∈
G

${g\in G}$

, the subgroups H
and Hg
are conjugate in

〈
H
,

H
g

〉

${\langle H, H^g \rangle }$

. A subgroup H of G is
called weakly pronormal in G if there exists a subgroup K of G
such that

G
=
H

K

${G=H\,K}$

and

H
∩
K

${H\cap K}$

is pronormal in G. The main
purpose of this paper is to investigate the structure of G under
the assumption that some subgroups of G are weakly pronormal in
G.
Inactivation of high-risk human papillomaviruses by Holder pasteurization: implications for donor human milk banking
Authors: Donalisio Manuela , Cagno Valeria , Vallino Marta , Moro Guido E. , Arslanoglu Sertac , Tonetto Paola , Bertino Enrico , Lembo David 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Aims: Several studies have recently reported the detection of oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) in human milk of a minority of lactating mothers. These findings raised safety concerns in the context of human donor milk banking given the potential risk of HPV transmission to recipient infants. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the Holder pasteurization, a procedure currently in use in human donor milk banks for milk pasteurization, completely inactivates high-risk and low-risk HPV.

Methods: HPV pseudoviruses (PsV) were generated, spiked into cell culture medium or donor human milk and subjected to thermal inactivation. HPV PsV infectivity and morphological integrity was analyzed by cell-based assay and by electron microscopy, respectively.

Results: The Holder pasteurization completely inactivated the infectivity of high-risk (types 16 and 18) and low-risk (type 6) HPV both in cell culture medium and in human milk causing PsV particle disassembly.

Conclusions: The results presented here indicate that the Holder pasteurization is an efficient procedure to inactivate high-risk and low-risk HPV thus preventing the potential risk of their transmission through human donor milk.
Curvature properties of φ-null Osserman Lorentzian S-manifolds
Authors: Brunetti Letizia , Caldarella Angelo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe expound some results about the relationships between the Jacobi operators with respect to null vectors on a Lorentzian S-manifold and the Jacobi operators with respect to particular spacelike unit vectors. We study the number of the eigenvalues of such operators on Lorentzian S-manifolds satisfying the φ-null Osserman condition, under suitable assumptions on the dimension of the manifold. Then, we provide in full generality a new curvature characterization for Lorentzian S-manifolds and we use it to obtain an algebraic decomposition for the Riemannian curvature tensor of φ-null Osserman Lorentzian S-manifolds.