bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive modulation of osteogenesis‐ and osteoclastogenesis‐related gene expression with strontium‐containing microstructured Ti implants in rabbit cancellous bone
Authors: Park Jin‐Woo , Kim Youn‐Jeong , Jang Je‐Hee , Song Hwangjun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the in vivo osteoblast and osteoclast gene expression in the peri‐implant bone tissue of the strontium (Sr)‐incorporated microstructured Ti implants (SLA/Sr) in order to evaluate whether local Sr delivery to the implant surface as in the form of SrTiO3 also exerts original bone healing enhancement effect of Sr that take place through the dual modes of action of a stimulation of osteogenesis and an inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. The in vivo mRNA expression of osteoblast‐ and osteoclast‐related genes in the peri‐implant bone and removal torque forces of the SLA/Sr implants were compared with a chemically modified super‐hydrophilic SLA implants (SLActive®) in rabbit cancellous bone after 2 weeks of implantation. There was no significant difference in the removal torque values between the two groups. Both the torque‐tested SLA/Sr and SLActive implants exhibited a considerable quantity of bone attached to the surface. Real‐time PCR analysis revealed notably increased mRNA expression of osteoblast genes (Runx2, osterix and osteocalcin) in the peri‐implant bone of the SLA/Sr implants compared with the SLActive implants (p < 0.05), whereas osteoclast phenotype gene (TRAP) expression was markedly decreased in the SLA/Sr implant (p < 0.05). The results at the molecular level suggest that local Sr delivery as in the form of the Sr‐incorporated Ti oxide layer favors early osseointegration of microrough Ti implants via a positive modulation of bone healing, that is, a promotion of osteoblast differentiation and suppression of osteoclastogenesis, in the bone–implant interface of cancellous bone. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A:298–306, 2013.
Electrospinning collagen/chitosan/poly(L‐lactic acid‐co‐ϵ‐caprolactone) to form a vascular graft: Mechanical and biological characterization
Authors: Yin Anlin , Zhang Kuihua , McClure Michael J. , Huang Chen , Wu Jinglei , Fang Jun , Mo Xiumei , Bowlin Gary L. , Al‐Deyab Salem S. , El‐Newehy Mohamed 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFor blood vessel tissue engineering, an ideal vascular graft should possess excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. For this study, a elastic material of poly (L‐lactic acid‐co‐ϵ‐caprolactone) (P(LLA‐CL)), collagen and chitosan blended scaffold at different ratios were fabricated by electrospinning. Upon fabrication, the scaffolds were evaluated to determine the tensile strength, burst pressure, and dynamic compliance. In addition, the contact angle and endothelial cell proliferation on the scaffolds were evaluated to demonstrate the structures potential to serve as a vascular prosthetic capable ofin situregeneration. The collagen/chitosan/P(LLA‐CL) scaffold with the ratio of 20:5:75 reached the highest tensile strength with the value of 16.9 MPa, and it was elastic with strain at break values of ∼112%, elastic modulus of 10.3 MPa. The burst pressure strength of the scaffold was greater than 3365 mmHg and compliance value was 0.7%/100 mmHg. Endothelial cells proliferation was significantly increased on the blended scaffolds versus the P(LLA‐CL). Meanwhile, the endothelial cells were more adherent based on the increase in the degree of cell spreading on the surface of collagen/chitosan/P(LLA‐CL) scaffolds. Such blended scaffold especially with the ratio of 20:5:75 thus has the potential for vascular graft applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Etoposide encapsulation in surface‐modified poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanoparticles strongly enhances glioma antitumor efficiency
Authors: Callewaert Maïté , Dukic Sylvain , Van Gulick Laurence , Vittier Mélanie , Gafa Valérie , Andry Marie‐Christine , Molinari Michaël , Roullin V. Gaëlle 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEtoposide (VP‐16) is a hydrophobic anticancer agent inhibiting Topoisomerase II, commonly used in pediatric brain chemotherapeutic schemes as mildly toxic. Unfortunately, despite its appropriate solubilization in vehicle solvents, its poor bioavailability and limited passage of the blood–brain barrier concur to disappointing results requiring the development of new delivery system forms. In this study, etoposide formulated as a parenteral injectable solution (Teva®) was loaded into all‐biocompatible poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) or PLGA/P188‐blended nanoparticles (size 110–130 nm) using a fully biocompatible nanoprecipitation technique. The presence of coprecipitated P188 on encapsulation efficacies and in vitro drug release was investigated. Drug encapsulation was determined using HPLC. Inflammatory response was checked by FACS analysis on human monocytes. Cytotoxic activity of the various simple (Teva®) or double (Teva®‐loaded NPs) formulations was studied on the murine C6 and F98 cell lines. Obtained results suggest that, although noninflammatory neither nontoxic by themselves, the use of PLGA and PLGA/P188 nanoencapsulations over pre‐existing etoposide formulation could induce a greatly improved cytotoxic activity. This approach demonstrated a promising perspective for parenteral delivery of VP16 and potential development of a therapeutic entity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Affinity proteins and their generation
Authors: Ståhl Stefan , Kronqvist Nina , Jonsson Andreas , Löfblom John 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEngineered affinity proteins have, together with antibodies and antibody derivatives, become indispensable tools in many areas of life science and with an increasing number of applications. The need for high‐throughput methods for generation of these different affinity proteins is evident. Today, combinatorial protein engineering is the most successful strategy to generate novel affinity proteins of non‐immunoglobulin origin. In this approach, high‐complexity combinatorial libraries are constructed from which affinity proteins are isolated using appropriate selection methods, thus circumventing the need for detailed knowledge of the protein structure and the binding mechanism that is necessary in more rational approaches. Since the introduction of the phage display technology, several alternative selection systems have been developed for this purpose. This review presents briefly some of the more commonly used affinity proteins, and gives an overview of the different methods and challenges related to the generation of library diversity and the selection methods available for the isolation of affinity proteins with desired properties. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of naturally isolated Southern Louisiana's algal strains and the effect of higher CO2 content on fatty acid profiles for biodiesel production
Authors: Moreno Reynaldo , Aita Giovanna M. , Madsen Lee , Gutierrez Dina L. , Yao Shaomian , Hurlburt Barry , Brashear Suzanne 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Microalgae, with both high biomass productivity and oil content, are regarded as attractive candidates for the production of alternative biodiesel as well as for CO2 biofixation. In the present study, four microalgal strains native to southeastern Louisiana's waters were isolated and identified to evaluate their potential for the production of biodiesel. Selected strains were identified through genomic DNA in sequencing of either 16S rRNA or 18S rRNA genes followed by lipid and fatty acid content characterization and quantification.RESULTS: High correlation was found with known nucleotide sequence identities at 98% with Sellaphora pupula, and 99% with Synechococcus sp., Chlorella sorokiniana, Scenedesmus abundans, and Chlorella vulgaris (control). The fatty acid profiles of these organisms changed when using 5% CO2 aeration. Total fatty acids (TFA) decreased from 20.63 to 17.62, 54.83 to 24.4, and 29.82 to 23.99 g kg−1 in Synechococcus sp., Sellaphora pupula and Chlorella sorokiniana, respectively. TFA increased from 14.14 to 31.49 and 15.14 to 47.52 g kg−1 dry biomass in Scenedesmus abundans and Chlorella vulgaris (control), respectively.CONCLUSION: Chlorella sorokiniana, with a lower C18:3 and the highest biomass yield at 5% CO2 aeration, was found to be the best candidate for biodiesel production. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Communicating discharge instructions to patients: A survey of nurse, intern, and hospitalist practices
Authors: Ashbrook Liza , Mourad Michelle , Sehgal Niraj 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Comprehensive discharge education can improve patient understanding and may reduce unnecessary rehospitalization.OBJECTIVES:To understand nurse and physician communication practices around patient discharge education.SETTING:University of California, San Francisco Medical Center (UCSFMC).PARTICIPANTS:Nurses, interns, and hospitalists caring for hospitalized medicine patients.MEASUREMENTS:Participants were surveyed regarding discharge education practices. The survey asked respondents about 13 elements of discharge education found in the literature. For each element, participants were queried regarding: 1) the provider responsible for this element of patient education; 2) the frequency with which they communicate this teaching to patients; 3) how often they directly communicate with the nurse or physician caring for the patient about each element; and 4) tools to improve nurse–physician communication.RESULTS:A total of 129/184 (70%) nurses, interns, and hospitalists responded to the survey. The majority of respondents in all 3 groups felt that 9 of 13 elements were a combined responsibility. Nurses reported educating patients on these 9 items significantly more often than physicians (P < 0.05). All groups also agreed that instruction on 2 of the elements, summary of hospital findings and pending results, should be primarily the physicians' responsibility; these were the elements least often discussed by any provider. Despite the majority of items being agreed upon as a shared responsibility, communication between nurses and physicians regarding discharge education was low. Standardized verbal communication on the day of discharge was supported most strongly by all providers.CONCLUSIONS:Ambiguous responsibility for providing discharge education and poor communication between nurses and physicians offers an opportunity for improvement. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells on rotenone‐treated parkinsonian mice
Authors: Inden Masatoshi , Takata Kazuyuki , Nishimura Kaneyasu , Kitamura Yoshihisa , Ashihara Eishi , Yoshimoto Kanji , Ariga Hiroyoshi , Honmou Osamu , Shimohama Shun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTo appreciate the potential applications of stem cell technology in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), it is important to understand the characteristics of the various types of stem cells. In this study, we designed a set of experiments to compare the ability of three types of human stem cells—mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone marrow CD34+cells (BM), and cord blood CD34+cells (CB)—using rotenone‐treated NOD/SCID mice. Rotenone was orally administered once daily at a dose of 30 mg/kg for 56 days to induce a parkinsonian phenotype. Intravenous delivery of CB into rotenone‐treated mice was slightly more beneficial than that of MSCs or BM according to both histological and behavioral analyses. Human nucleus (hNu)+cells, which are a specific marker of human cells, were observed in the striatum of rotenone‐treated mice transplanted with stem cells. These hNu+cells expressed tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Additionally, α‐synuclein+/TH+cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta decreased significantly following stem cell transplantation. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed that chronic exposure to rotenone decreased glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor immunoreactivity and that the reduction was improved by each stem cell transplantation. Gene expression analyses revealed that MSCs, BM, and CB expressed several neurotrophic factors. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of intravenous delivery of stem cells into rotenone‐treated mice may result not only from a neurotrophic effect but also from endogenous brain repair mechanisms and the potential of intravenous delivery of stem cells derived from an autologous source for clinical applications in PD. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated t cells regulation of Krox‐20 expression in Schwann cells requires elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP
Authors: Kipanyula Maulilio J. , Woodhoo Ashwin , Rahman Mary , Payne Donna , Jessen Kristján R. , Mirsky Rhona 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe transcription factor Krox‐20 (Egr2) is a master regulator of Schwann cell myelination. In mice from which calcineurin B had been excised in cells of the neural crest lineage, calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling was required for neuregulin‐related Schwann cell myelination (Kao et al. [2009] Immunity 12:359–372). Whether NFAT signaling required simultaneous elevation of intracellular cAMP levels was not explored. In vivo, Krox‐20 expression requires continuous axon–Schwann cell signaling that in Schwann cell cultures can be mimicked by elevation of intracellular cAMP. We have investigated the role of the calcineurin–NFAT pathway in Krox‐20 induction in purified rat Schwann cell cultures. Activation of this pathway requires elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels. The calcium ionophore A23187 or ionomycin was used to increase intracellular Ca2+ levels in Schwann cell cultures that had been treated with dibutyryl cAMP to induce Krox‐20. Increase in Ca2+ levels significantly potentiated Krox‐20 induction, determined by Krox‐20 immunolabeling of individual cells and Western blotting. Levels of the myelin proteins periaxin and P0 were also elevated. The potentiating effect was blocked by cyclosporin A, a specific blocker of the calcineurin–NFAT pathway. We found that, in the absence of cAMP elevation, treatment with A23187 alone failed to induce Krox‐20 expression, indicating that NFAT upregulation of Krox‐20 requires elevation of cAMP levels in Schwann cells. P‐VIVIT, another specific inhibitor of calcineurin–NFAT interaction, blocked Krox‐20 induction in response to dibutyryl cAMP and ionophore. HA‐NFAT1 (1–460)‐GFP translocated to the nucleus on treatment with dibutyryl cAMP with or without added ionophore. NFAT isoforms 1–4 were detected in purified Schwann cells by quantitative RT‐PCR. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in atmospheric circulation and temperature trends in major vineyard regions of New Zealand
Authors: Sturman Andrew , Quénol Hervé 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper contributes to knowledge of the impact of global warming on viticulture, using major vineyard regions of New Zealand as a case study to illustrate regional disparities in climate change impacts resulting from downscale effects of larger scale atmospheric circulation. Recent trends in air temperature in New Zealand vineyard areas are investigated. Trends since 1941 in Marlborough show an increase in temperature range, with both rising maximum temperatures and declining minimum temperatures, but no change in the annual mean. More hot days and frosts are of concern to viticulturalists, and this trend not only differs from other major vineyard areas, but also occurs at other sites in eastern parts of the country. The relationship between changes in atmospheric circulation over New Zealand and observed trends in temperature and frost occurrence at Blenheim is investigated using the Kidson weather type classification for the period 1958–2010 and the Trenberth M1 index. The increased temperature range is expected to be associated with more frequent clear skies along the east coast of the country, resulting from changes in weather patterns (more frequent anticyclones, fewer low‐pressure systems, increased zonal and southerly flow). These changes in weather patterns are shown to be closely linked to larger scale changes in atmospheric circulation via the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and Southern Oscillation. The results show that significant regional variations in the impact of global warming can occur over areas of complex terrain such as New Zealand. Observed differences in local temperature and frost trends can be caused by the interaction of changing weather systems with mountainous terrain. These changing weather systems themselves are seen to be the result of major shifts in the larger scale atmospheric circulation. These results are important for assessing possible impacts on viticulture and in developing adaptation strategies for agriculture in response to predicted future climates.
Cell‐based tissue engineering augments tendon‐to‐bone healing in a rat supraspinatus model
Authors: Loeffler Bryan J. , Scannell Brian P. , Peindl Richard D. , Connor Patrick , Davis Daniel E. , Hoelscher Gretchen L. , Norton H. James , Hanley Edward N. , Gruber Helen E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRotator cuff pathology causes substantial pain/disability and health care costs. Cell‐based tissue engineering offers promise for improved outcomes in tendon to bone healing. Cells from the tendon‐bone interface were used here to amplify surgical defect healing in a rat model. Cells from tendon‐to‐bone interface of the rotator cuff were seeded in sponges and implanted into critical rotator cuff defects: Group I, control; II, surgical defect only; III, suture‐repaired defect; IV, surgical defect, repair with sponge only; V, surgical defect, repair with sponge with cells. Three, 6‐, and 12‐week results were assessed for histologic features. At 3 weeks, histologic indices in Group V were significantly increased versus other treatment groups. Group V (12 weeks) showed significantly improved collagen organization versus other treatment groups; there was no difference in collagen organization in Group I versus V. In summary, increased cellularity, inflammation, vascularity, and collagen organization were present at 3 weeks; increased collagen organization at 12 weeks in Group V provides evidence for improved healing with cells. Data further support the utility of tendon‐bone interface cells in rotator cuff healing. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 407–412, 2013
Multivariate data analysis for finding the relevant fatty acids contributing to the melting fractions of cream
Authors: Buldo Patrizia , Larsen Mette K , Wiking Lars 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe melting behaviour and fatty acid composition of cream from a total of 33 cows from four farms were analysed. Multivariate data analysis was used to identify the fatty acids that contributed most to the melting points and to differentiate between creams from different practical feeding regimes.ResultsIt was demonstrated that the melting point of the medium melting fraction of milk fat was positively correlated with palmitic acid (C16:0), whereas it was negatively correlated with oleic acid (C18:1 cis9), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA cis9 trans11), vaccenic acid (C18:1 trans11), elaic acid (C18:1 trans9) and myristoleic acid (C14:1). The melting points of the high melting fractions could not be related to the fatty acid composition. Addition of palmitic acid‐based fat supplement to the feeding ration in combination with a lower forage intake increased the amount of C16:0 and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) in milk fat, whereas it decreased the amount of stearic acid (C18:0) and C18:1 trans fatty acid. Average data on the melting behaviour of cream separated the farms into two groups where the main differences in feeding were the amounts of maize silage and rapeseed cake used.ConclusionMultivariate analysis of data from individual cows identified the most relevant fatty acids contributing to the melting point of the medium melting fraction of cream. The fatty acid composition of milk fat could differentiate cream from different feeding strategies; however, owing to individual cow variation, it was not possible to extract clear correlations between feeding regime and melting behaviour of cream.
Lipase activity, mesocarp oil content, and iodine value in oil palm fruits of Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis oleifera, and the interspecific hybrid O×G (E. oleifera × E. guineensis)
Authors: Cadena Tatiana , Prada Fausto , Perea Aidé , Romero Hernán Mauricio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDOne factor affecting crude palm oil quality is the formation of free fatty acids (FFA), often attributed to the hydrolytic action of mesocarp lipase. The aim of this work was to evaluate the enzyme behavior and to look toward new genotypes with low FFA production, high yield, and better oil quality.RESULTSLipase activity was strongly activated at low temperatures (5 °C). At this temperature PLL, SOO, POL, and POO (P, palmitic; L, linoleic; S, stearic; O, oleic) were the most hydrolyzed triacylglycerols in Elaeis guineensis fruits. Ethylene production decreased from 36 nL g−1 h−1 at room temperature to 2 nL g−1 h−1 at 5 °C. Lipase activity of E. guineensis, the E. oleifera × E. guineensis (O×G) hybrid, and E. oleifera were 52.7%, 32.9%, and <0.6% FFA, respectively. The E. guineensis showed oil in the mesocarp of 54.7%, followed by the O×G hybrid (47.0%), and E. oleifera (13.6%), and the iodine values were 52.0, 66.3, and 77.4 g I2 100 g−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThis work allowed the identification of interspecific O×G hybrids as promising crosses with less lipase activity and higher iodine value than E. guineensis. Although O×G crosses produce less oil in the mesocarp than commercial E. guineensis; this feature could be improved by further breeding to introduce new genes from E. oleifera into the hybrids. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
A long‐term comparison of the influence of organic and conventional crop management practices on the content of the glycoalkaloid α‐tomatine in tomatoes
Authors: Koh Eunmi , Kaffka Stephen , Mitchell Alyson E 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundα‐Tomatine, synthesized by Lycopersicon and some Solanum species, is a steroidal glycoalkaloid which functions to protect against pathogens and insects. Although glycoalkaloids are generally considered toxic, α‐tomatine appears to be well tolerated in humans. α‐Tomatine has numerous potential health benefits including the ability to inhibit cancer cell growth in in vitro studies. α‐Tomatine is influenced by numerous agronomic factors including fertilization and nitrogen availability. Herein, the levels of α‐tomatine were compared in dried tomato samples (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Halley 3155) produced in organic and conventional cropping systems that had been archived over the period from 1994 to 2004 from the Long Term Research on Agricultural Systems project (LTRAS) at UC Davis.ResultsThe α‐tomatine levels of tomatoes in both cropping systems ranged from 4.29 to 111.85 µg g−1 dry weight. Mean levels of α‐tomatine were significantly higher in the organically grown tomatoes than conventional ones (P < 0.001). In the organic management system, α‐tomatine content was also significantly (P < 0.001) different between cropping years, suggesting that other influencing factors such as environmental conditions also affect α‐tomatine content in tomato.ConclusionsThe organically produced tomatoes had higher average α‐tomatine content than their conventional counterpart over the 10‐year study. Significant annual variability in the α‐tomatine content in tomatoes was also observed and suggests that environmental factors, external to nitrogen fertilization, influence α‐tomatine content in tomatoes. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry