bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of an integrated syndromic respiratory disease guideline in primary health care settings
Authors: Abouda Maher , Hamzaoui Agnes , Drira Ekram , Djebeniani Ridha , Othmani Salah , Ben Kheder Ali 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe use of integrated syndromic guidelines (ISG) aims to improve the quality of care for patients with respiratory diseases. The impact of such ISG in clinical practice can be potentially significant in primary health care (PHC) settings. We report the impact of the use by general practitioners (GPs) of a Tunisian ISG for respiratory diseases in management of respiratory patients in PHC.MethodsThe short‐term impact was assessed through the results of the feasibility study. This study included a baseline survey, before training on ISG, and an impact survey, after training on ISG. The same 73 GPs practicing within 28 PHCs were involved in the two surveys at an interval of 6 weeks. Information on each patient mentioned gender, age, underlying conditions, symptoms, referral, diagnosis and drug prescription details.ResultsDuring the periods of the baseline and impact surveys, 36.0 and 31.1% of PHC attendees, respectively, sought care for respiratory symptoms. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases accounted for more than 85% of patients with respiratory disease. In the impact survey, chronic respiratory disease (CRD) diagnosis increased by approximately 50%. In the same way, the proportion of tuberculosis suspects increased 5.5 times. The number of drugs prescribed per patient decreased by 18.8%, and the proportion of patients who were prescribed antibiotics decreased by 19.0%. The prescription of steroids also significantly decreased while inhaled β‐agonist prescription increased. The average cost of drug prescription was reduced by 19%.ConclusionTraining on ISG for respiratory diseases improved the diagnosis of CRD and tuberculosis, and lead to a more rational use of drugs for ARIs in PHCs.
Simple Pretreatment and Portable UV‐Vis Spectrum Instrument for the Rapid Detection of Melamine in Milk Products
Authors: Xie Wanyi , Huang Yu , Yun Wen , Tang Dongyun , Zhang Hua , Du Chunlei , Zhu Yonghong , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we report a simple and reliable method for detection of melamine (MEL) in the field of milk products safety screening. This method is developed based on gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probe as the presence of MEL can induce the AuNPs to aggregate and make its color change from wine red to purple. This color change can be quantitatively recorded by a portable UV‐vis spectrophotometer so as to calculate the amount of MEL simultaneously. Herein, alcohol is used as MEL extraction solvent without other complex sample processing method because alcohol can easily denature the casein in milk. Furthermore, under the optimized condition, only about 15 min for whole detection process is required to determine the amount of MEL in milk, and the detection limit of MEL can be as low as 2 ppm.Practical ApplicationsAt present, analysis of melamine (MEL) in these milk products is urgent and required. However, most of the published assays require expensive instruments and complicated pretreatment. Herein, a reliable and simple method for MEL detection for field screening of milk was developed, which is based on gold nanoparticle probe with a portable UV‐vis spectrophotometer. Herein, ethanol was used as an environmentally friendly solvent to extract MEL from milk, and the whole detection process only required about 15 min.
The Association Between Asthma and Sleep in Urban Adolescents With Undiagnosed Asthma
Authors: Koinis Mitchell Daphne , Kopel Sheryl J. , Williams Brittney , Cespedes Amarilis , Bruzzese Jean‐Marie 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe examined associations between asthma and sleep in a sample of inner‐city adolescents with asthma‐like symptoms who are undiagnosed, and to assess the extent to which youth's report of perceived stress moderates this association.METHODSA total of 349 adolescents (83% girls), with a mean age of 15.8 years, and their primary caregivers participated. Large segments of the sample were Latinos (46%) or African Americans (37%). Adolescents reported on asthma—namely, rate of waking up at night due to asthma‐like symptoms and perceived severity of breathing problems—and sleep, specifically sleep‐wake behavior problems and daytime sleepiness during activities. Caregivers provided demographic information by telephone.RESULTSNight awakenings and perceived severity of breathing problems were each independently associated with sleep‐wake behavior problems and daytime sleepiness during activities. Youth report of perceived stress moderated the association between perceived severity of breathing problems and sleep‐wake behavior problems, and perceived severity of breathing problems and daytime sleepiness during activities.CONCLUSIONSResults suggest the importance of interventions that consider undiagnosed asthma and its effects on sleep indicators related to daytime functioning in this high risk group of youth. This study highlights the need for interventions that consider asthma severity, nocturnal asthma, and sleep problems among urban adolescents with no asthma diagnosis.
Examination of Substance Use, Risk Factors, and Protective Factors on Student Academic Test Score Performance
Authors: Arthur Michael W. , Brown Eric C. , Briney John S. , Hawkins J. David , Abbott Robert D. , Catalano Richard F. , Becker Linda , Langer Michael , Mueller Martin T. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool administrators and teachers face difficult decisions about how best to use school resources to meet academic achievement goals. Many are hesitant to adopt prevention curricula that are not focused directly on academic achievement. Yet, some have hypothesized that prevention curricula can remove barriers to learning and, thus, promote achievement. We examined relationships among school levels of student substance use and risk and protective factors that predict adolescent problem behaviors and achievement test performance.METHODSHierarchical generalized linear models were used to predict associations involving school‐averaged levels of substance use and risk and protective factors and students' likelihood of meeting achievement test standards on the Washington Assessment of Student Learning, statistically controlling for demographic and economic factors known to be associated with achievement.RESULTSLevels of substance use and risk/protective factors predicted the academic test score performance of students. Many of these effects remained significant even after controlling for model covariates.CONCLUSIONSImplementing prevention programs that target empirically identified risk and protective factors has the potential to have a favorable effect on students' academic achievement.
Homelessness and Sexual Identity Among Middle School Students
Authors: Rice Eric , Petering Robin , Rhoades Harmony , Barman‐Adhikari Anamika , Winetrobe Hailey , Plant Aaron , Montoya Jorge , Kordic Timothy 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDLesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning (LGBQ) high school students experience higher rates of homelessness than their heterosexual peers. Moreover, LGBQ high school students are more likely to stay in riskier locations (eg, with a stranger) and less likely to stay in a shelter. This study tested whether these trends also apply to middle school students.METHODSUsing representative data, we examined sexual identity and homelessness among Los Angeles Unified School District middle school students.RESULTSNearly 10% of middle school students identified as LGBQ and 23.5% experienced at least 1 night of homelessness during the previous year. Contrary to high school data, LGBQ students did not experience higher rates of homelessness overall. However, when limiting the sample to students who had experienced homelessness, LGBQ students were more than 5 times as likely as heterosexual students to have stayed in a public place and 63% as likely to have stayed in a shelter.CONCLUSIONSLesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning students are more likely to experience public homelessness. Schools must implement homelessness surveillance systems to assist in identifying early episodes of homelessness, thereby reducing the likelihood of poor physical and mental health outcomes associated with chronic homelessness.
Concept analysis of recovery in mental illness in young adulthood
Authors: McCauley C. O. , McKenna H. P. , Keeney S. , McLaughlin D. F. 
Published: July 2015

Accessible summary
The analysis of the concept of mental health recovery in young adulthood uses Rodger's (2000) evolutionary method.
This concept analysis suggests that in some contexts the word ‘recovery’ does not reflect the conceptual components identified in this paper and reveals a disparity between professional and personal interpretations of mental health recovery.
A new conceptual definition of mental health recovery in young adulthood is presented.
Conceptual clarity will facilitate the congruence of mental health recovery and nursing practice with the process of recovery experienced by young adult service users.
AbstractRecovery, as a concept, emerged as a core philosophy of the service user movement that began in the late 1960s and 1970s. Previous reviews on recovery in mental health have presented definitions or a conceptual framework; however, over time it has been open to disparate interpretations. The aim of this paper was to conduct the first concept analysis of mental health recovery in young adulthood within various multidisciplinary contexts. Rodgers's (2000) six‐stepped evolutionary method enabled the analysis of recovery's conceptual characteristics, the identification of an exemplar and the proposition of a hypothesis with implications for practice. This analysis has revealed the derivation of the term recovery does not convey its identified conceptual characteristics. Identified attributes include the reawakening of hope, reclaiming a positive self and meaning through personal growth. Antecedents include the disruption of illness, stigmatization, internal inventory and contemplative recovery. Identified consequences include the return to normality, reconstruction of self and active social connection. The new conceptual definition is the reawakening of hope and rediscovery of a positive sense of self through finding meaning and purpose within personal growth and connection using creative self‐care coping strategies. This paper reveals an apparent disparity between professional and personal interpretations of recovery. Therefore, the implication for mental health nursing is the congruence of recovery‐orientated practice with the process of recovery experienced by young adult service users.
The prevalence and related factors of depressive symptoms among junior college nursing students: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chen C.‐J. , Chen Y.‐C. , Sung H.‐C. , Hsieh T.‐C. , Lee M.‐S. , Chang C.‐Y. 
Published: July 2015

Accessible summary
The process of nursing professional training may cause emotional stress on nursing students, potentially resulting in depressive symptoms.
As the problems of nurse shortage and increase of nursing student graduates who tend not to pursue nursing career continue to exist, it is important for nursing educators to investigate the factors causing depressive symptoms, and further develop strategies to manage their stress and depressive problems.
The prevalence of depressive symptoms among junior college nursing students in Taiwan is high. Grade point average, interest in nursing, interest in clinical placement, career planning after graduation, relieving stress by overeating, sleep quality, stress, and anxiety were correlated with depressive symptoms. Sleep quality, stress, and the degree of anxiety can predict the degree of depressive symptoms among young nursing students in Taiwan.
Development of proper strategies to help young nursing students manage stress, anxiety, and facilitate better learning experiences tailored to their problems and needs may be helpful for alleviation or prevention of depressive symptoms.
AbstractNursing students have particularly experienced stressful lives during nursing education. This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate depressive symptoms and related factors in junior college nursing students. A total of 625 nursing students from a junior college in Taiwan were assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Adolescent Depression Inventory, Situational Anxiety Scale and the Taiwanese‐Chinese version of Stress in Nursing Students Scale. The results showed that (1) the prevalence of depressive symptoms among junior college nursing students was 32.6%; (2) depressive symptoms are significantly related to grade point average, interest in nursing, interest in their clinical placement, career planning after graduation, overeating as a stress‐relief strategy, sleep problems, stress, and anxiety; and (3) anxiety, sleep quality, and stress are three major variables that can significantly predict depressive symptoms. Psychological factors may influence young nursing students' willingness to seek assistance from teachers. These factors should be considered when designing strategies to promote their emotional health and well‐being. Nursing educators can plan appropriate strategies tailored to junior college nursing students' problems and needs, which thereby may facilitate learning experience and prevent depressive symptoms.
A review of nutritional and toxicological implications of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) meal in animal feeding systems
Authors: Akande T. O. , Odunsi A. A. , Akinfala E. O. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe nutrient‐rich defatted castor meal has been tested as a potential source of protein in diets of many livestock species but has limitation due to challenges of toxins. This review was conducted to compile the relevant research information on advances in the use of raw and differently processed castor seed meal in animal feed. In this article, distribution and uses of castor and its products were identified. Research findings on the nutrients profile, principal toxins, various detoxification strategies, nutritional value and toxicity on common livestock species were compiled and reviewed. The defatted seed meal had crude protein range of 32–48%, gross energy of about 3200 kcal/kg. Ricin content was 9.3 mg/g seed, and the average RCA content was 9.9 mg/g. The meal had high activity of lectin, which produced agglutination at about 4.70 mg/ml minimum assays. Reports of detoxification strategies showed varying degrees of success but high pH, moist heating and microbial techniques appeared to exert greater effect on deactivating ricin. Detoxification strategy for the allergen component is inconclusive. Tannins and the phenolic contents were present at trace level and did not constitute notable threat. It was concluded that castor seed holds great potential as feedstuff when upgraded but such upgrading must be safe, cost‐effective and labour efficient for commercial acceptability.
Loss and rebuilding: A qualitative study of late diagnosis of cleft palate
Authors: Tierney Stephanie , Blackhurst Maria , Scahill Rachael , Callery Peter 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeTo explore the experiences of parents whose child received a late diagnosis of cleft palate (>24 hr after birth).Design and MethodsParents of 17 children and three nurses specialised in cleft care (specialist nurses) took part in a qualitative, semi‐structured interview. Framework analysis was applied to data.ResultsLoss and rebuilding was an overarching concept—from the crescendo leading up to the bombshell of diagnosis, followed by the aftermath of dealing with the child's long‐term condition.Practice implicationsSpecialist nurses can help parents to trust healthcare professionals and to feel confident in their ability to nurture by listening, informing, and supporting.
Linking trait similarity to interspecific spatial associations in a moist tropical forest
Authors: Velázquez Eduardo , Paine C. E. Timothy , May Felix , Wiegand Thorsten 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimCommunity assembly theory predicts that niche differentiation promotes the spatial clustering of functionally dissimilar species, whereas habitat filtering has the converse effect. We used these predictions to assess the relative effects of habitat filtering and niche differentiation on recruit community assembly over spatial (5‐ and 30‐m neighbourhoods) and temporal (20‐yr) scales in the Forest Dynamics Plot at Barro Colorado Island.LocationBarro Colorado Island, Panama.MethodsWe integrated data on the spatial patterns of ≥1 cm DBH (diameter at 1.3 m above ground) recruits with data on seven functional traits for 64 species. First, we quantified the interspecific association patterns of all species pairs i and j using the K‐function Kij(r) and the nearest‐neighbour distribution function Dij(r). Second, for those pairs with significant spatial associations, we calculated an index of interspecific spatial association using the results of these two summary statistics. Finally, we examined the relationship between interspecific spatial association and trait similarity using simple and partial Mantel tests.ResultsIn all censuses, almost one‐half of species pairs had no spatial associations, but for pairs that were significantly spatially associated, positive relationships between trait similarity and spatial association occurred in 5‐m and 30‐m neighbourhoods, whereas significant negative relationships only appeared in 5‐m neighbourhoods. This suggests that habitat filtering was more important than niche differentiation in assembling recruit communities at 5‐ and 30‐m scales. Habitat filtering mainly acted upon traits related to topographic habitat preferences and dispersal mode, whereas spatial association was inversely related to similarity in terms of wood specific gravity and shade tolerance.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that both stochastic and deterministic processes operate in species‐rich ecological communities, but the role of habitat filtering and niche differentiation as determinants of community assembly vary over spatial and temporal scales. Species co‐occurrence was driven by habitat filtering at small and large scales, but also by a combination of niche differentiation and weaker‐competitor exclusion effects at small scales. Temporal variations in the importance of habitat filtering and niche differentiation could be related to the occurrence of disturbances such as tree falls. Our results emphasize the role of trait‐based processes in plant community assembly.
Protecting one, protecting both? Scale‐dependent ecological differences in two species using dead trees, the rosalia longicorn beetle and the barbastelle bat
Authors: Russo D. , Di Febbraro M. , Cistrone L. , Jones G. , Smeraldo S. , Garonna A. P. , Bosso L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOrganisms sharing the same habitats may differ in small‐scale microhabitat requirements or benefit from different management. In this study, set in Italy, we focused on two species of high conservation value, the cerambycid beetle Rosalia alpina and the bat Barbastella barbastellus, which often share the same forest areas and in several cases the same individual trees. We compared the potential distribution and, at two spatial scales, the niches between such species. The predicted distributions largely overlapped between the beetle and the bat. The niches proved to be similar on a broad scale, yet not on the plot one. Compared with B. barbastellus, R. alpina tends to occur at lower altitude in more irradiated sites with lower canopy closure and uses shorter trees with wider diameters. B. barbastellus occurred more often in trees within forest or along its edges, whereas R. alpina lays eggs in trees found in clearings. B. barbastellus plots were more frequent in forest, R. alpina plots in forested pasture and open‐shredded forest. Overall, exposure to sun influenced more critically site and tree selection by R. alpina, as a warm microclimate is essential for larval development. Although B. barbastellus reproduction may be favored by warmer roosting conditions, bats may also find such conditions in dense forest and in strongly irradiated cavities high up in tall trees that project above the canopy. We emphasize that subtle differences in the ecological requirements of syntopic taxa could be missed at broad scales, so multiple‐scale assessment is always advisable.
Phase III Study to Assess Long‐Term (52‐Week) Safety and Efficacy of Mirabegron, a β3‐Adrenoceptor Agonist, in Japanese Patients with Overactive Bladder
Authors: YAMAGUCHI Osamu , IKEDA Yasushi , OHKAWA Sumito 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate safety, tolerability and efficacy of long‐term (52 weeks) open‐label treatment with mirabegron 50 mg, with an optional dose increase to 100 mg, in patients with overactive bladder (OAB).MethodsPatients received mirabegron 50 mg once daily for 52 weeks. If efficacy was insufficient at week 8, the dose could be increased to 100 mg. Safety was evaluated based on vital signs, adverse events (AEs), laboratory findings, electrocardiogram and post‐void residual volume. Treatment efficacy was assessed with a 3‐day micturition diary and the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ).ResultsTwo hundred and four patients were enrolled; mirabegron dose was maintained at 50 mg in 153 patients and increased to 100 mg in 50 patients. Mirabegron was well tolerated at both doses. Incidences of AEs and treatment‐related AEs were 91.4% and 33.6% in patients on 50 mg, and 100% and 30.0% in patients on 100 mg, respectively. Time course changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were not considered clinically significant. At the end of treatment (EOT), patients on 50 mg and 100 mg showed improvement in frequency and urgency. Improvements from baseline to EOT in quality of life scores were observed for all KHQ domains.ConclusionsThere were no safety or tolerability concerns associated with mirabegron 50 mg (with an optional dose increase to 100 mg) over 52 weeks. Improvement in micturition variables was maintained with mirabegron 50 mg from weeks 8 to 52.
Evaluation of virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility patterns of different Candida species isolated from the female camel (Camelus dromedarius) genital tract
Authors: Sharifzadeh Aghil , Soltani Minoo , Shokri Hojjatollah 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe purposes of this study were to investigate the enzymatic activity of different Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility patterns. The study involved a total of 83 isolates of Candida from the genital tract of the female Camelus dromedarius. After species identification, the isolates were analysed for the production/activity of phospholipase, proteinase and haemolysin. In addition, the agar disc diffusion method was performed on the basis of CLSI guidelines M44‐A2 protocol for antifungal susceptibility testing. All the isolates were able to produce phospholipase, proteinase and haemolysin. A total of 35.48%, 87.09% and 64.51% of C. albicans isolates exhibited very high phospholipase, proteinase and haemolytic activities, respectively, whereas very high phospholipase, proteinase and haemolytic activities were determined in 5.76%, 23.07% and 45.16% of non‐C. albicans isolates respectively. Overall, 61 (73.5%) of Candida isolates were susceptible to fluconazole, 70 (84.3%) susceptible to clotrimazole, 82 (98.8%) susceptible to voriconazole, 76 (91.6%) susceptible to itraconazole, 75 (90.4%) susceptible to ketoconazole, 83 (100%) susceptible to amphotericin B, 81 (97.6%) susceptible to nystatin and 36 (43.4%) susceptible to flucytosine. Candida isolates showed higher haemolytic activity than that of other secreted hydrolases among vaginal Candida species. In addition, amphotericin B was the most in vitro effective antifungal drug and flucytosine had the poorest activity under such conditions.