bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Lipids and Proteins Associated to the Cell Wall of the Acapsular Mutant Cryptococcus neoformans Cap 67
Authors: Longo Larissa V. G. , Nakayasu Ernesto S. , Pires Jhon H. S. , Gazos‐Lopes Felipe , Vallejo Milene C. , Sobreira Tiago J. P. , Almeida Igor C. , Puccia Rosana 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes life‐threatening meningitis. In this fungus, the cell wall is exceptionally not the outermost structure due to the presence of a surrounding polysaccharide capsule, which has been highly studied. Considering that there is little information about C. neoformans cell wall composition, we aimed at describing proteins and lipids extractable from this organelle, using as model the acapsular mutant C. neoformans cap 67. Purified cell wall preparations were extracted with either chloroform/methanol or hot sodium dodecyl sulfate. Total lipids fractionated in silica gel 60 were analyzed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS), while trypsin digested proteins were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). We detected 25 phospholipid species among phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid. Two glycolipid species were identified as monohexosyl ceramides. We identified 192 noncovalently linked proteins belonging to different metabolic processes. Most proteins were classified as secretory, mainly via nonclassical mechanisms, suggesting a role for extracellular vesicles (EV) in transwall transportation. In concert with that, orthologs from 86% of these proteins have previously been reported both in fungal cell wall and/or in EV. The possible role of the presently described structures in fungal–host relationship is discussed.
Some but not All Tetrahymena Species Destroy Monolayer Cultures of Cells from a Wide Range of Tissues and Species
Authors: Pinheiro Marcel D.O. , Bols Niels C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe activities of Tetrahymena corlissi, Tetrahymena thermophila, and Tetrahymena canadensis were studied in coculture with cell lines of insects, fish, amphibians, and mammals. These ciliates remained viable regardless of the animal cell line partner. All three species could engulf animal cells in suspension. However, if the animal cells were monolayer cultures, the monolayers were obliterated by T. corlissi and T. thermophila. Both fibroblast and epithelial monolayers were destroyed but the destruction of human cell monolayers was done more effectively by T. thermophila. By contrast, T. canadensis was unable to destroy any monolayer. At 4 °C T. thermophila and T. corlissi did not carryout phagocytosis and did not destroy monolayers, whereas T. canadensis was able to carryout phagocytosis but still could not destroy monolayers. Therefore, monolayer destruction appeared to require phagocytosis, but by itself this was insufficient. In addition, the ciliates expressed a unique swimming behavior. Tetrahymena corlissi and T. thermophila swam vigorously and repeatedly into the monolayer, which seemed to loosen or dislodge cells, whereas T. canadensis swam above the monolayer. Therefore, differences in swimming behavior might explain why T. corlissi has been reported to be a pathogen but T. canadensis has not.
Early Hospital Readmission of Nursing Home Residents and Community‐Dwelling Elderly Adults Discharged from the Geriatrics Service of an Urban Teaching Hospital: Patterns and Risk Factors
Authors: Bogaisky Michael , Dezieck Laurel 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTo compare rates and risk factors for early hospital readmission for nursing home residents and community‐dwelling older adults.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingGeriatric inpatient service at a large urban hospital.ParticipantsNursing home residents (n = 625) and community‐dwelling individuals (n = 413) aged 65 and older admitted over a 1‐year period.MeasurementsThirty‐day readmissions.ResultsThere were 1,706 hospital admissions within the 1‐year study period involving 1,038 individuals. The 30‐day readmission rate was higher for subjects discharged to a nursing home than those discharged to the community (34.4% vs 22.6%, P < .001). Chronic kidney disease and pressure ulcers were associated with greater risk of readmission in both groups. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was a risk factor for readmission only in community‐dwelling individuals. Congestive heart failure and dementia were associated with greater risk of readmission only in nursing home residents. Readmission rates varied between individual nursing homes by more than a factor of 2. Risk of readmission was 30% lower in nursing home residents cared for by hospitalist than nonhospitalist geriatricians.ConclusionHigher rates of hospital readmission for individuals discharged to nursing homes than to the community and differing patterns of risk factors for readmission indicate the importance of customized interventions to reduce readmission rates for two distinct elderly populations.
The intracellular domain of L1CAM binds to casein kinase 2α and is neuroprotective via inhibition of the tumor suppressors PTEN and p53
Authors: Wang Yan , Schachner Melitta 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCell adhesion molecule L1 promotes neuritogenesis and neuronal survival through triggering MAPK pathways. Based on the findings that L1 is associated with casein kinase 2 (CK2), and that deficiency in PTEN promotes neuritogenesis in vitro and regeneration after trauma, we examined the functional relationship between L1 and PTEN. In parallel, we investigated the tumor suppressor p53, which also regulates neuritogenesis. Here, we report that the intracellular domain of L1 binds to the subunit CK2α, and that knockdown of L1 leads to CK2 dephosphorylation and an increase in PTEN and p53 levels. Overexpression of L1, but not the L1 mutants L1 (S1181N, E1184V), which reduced binding between L1 and CK2, reduced expression levels of PTEN and p53 proteins, and enhanced levels of phosphorylated CK2α and mammalian target of rapamycin, which is a downstream effector of PTEN and p53. Treatment of neurons with a CK2 inhibitor or transfection with CK2α siRNA increased levels of PTEN and p53, and inhibited neuritogenesis. The combined observations indicate that L1 downregulates expression of PTEN and p53 via direct binding to CK2α. We suggest that L1 stimulates neuritogenesis by activating CK2α leading to decreased levels of PTEN and p53 via a novel, L1‐triggered and CK2α‐mediated signal transduction pathway.
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L1CAM (L1 cell adhesion molecule) is implicated in neural functions through the cognate src/MAP kinase signaling pathway. We now describe a novel signaling platform operating via the alpha subunit of casein kinase 2 which binds to the intracellular domain of L1. Knockdown of L1CAM leads to increased levels of tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) and p53, known to inhibit neuritogenesis in vitro and recovery from trauma in vivo. By activating this enzyme, L1CAM adds to its beneficial functions by decreasing the levels of PTEN and p53.
Validity and reliability of the T‐Scan®III for measuring force under laboratory conditions
Authors: Cerna M. , Ferreira R. , Zaror C. , Navarro P. , Sandoval P. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryAlthough measuring bite force is an important indicator of the health of the masticatory system, few commercially available transducers have been validated for routine clinical use. T‐Scan®III Occlusal Analysis System allows to record the bite force distribution, indicating its relative intensity and occlusal timing. Nevertheless, even fewer studies have evaluated the validity and reliability of the latest generation of the T‐Scan® occlusal analysis system. To determine the validity and reliability of the T‐Scan®III system when measuring total absolute bite force under laboratory conditions. Known forces were applied to 18 T‐Scan®III sensors, which were classified into two groups differentiated by their production series. Both Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess the system's reliability and validity. Considering all the sensors studied, a substantial level (Lin's CCC 0·969) and a very good level of reliability (CCI 0·994) were obtained. When evaluating the validity of the system, a poor (Lin's CCC 0·530) and moderate (ICC 0·693) agreement were also obtained. The main factor that negatively influenced the validity of the T‐Scan®III under these study conditions was the significant difference in the behaviour of the two sensor groups. The T‐Scan®III showed a high degree of reliability when used to perform consecutive measurements. However, the system showed an insufficient degree of validity for measuring absolute force when estimating total occlusal force under laboratory conditions.
A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae)
Authors: SORENG Robert J. , PETERSON Paul M. , ROMASCHENKO Konstantin , DAVIDSE Gerrit , ZULOAGA Fernando O. , JUDZIEWICZ Emmet J. , FILGUEIRAS Tarciso S. , DAVIS Jerrold I. , MORRONE Osvaldo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBased on recent molecular and morphological studies we present a modern worldwide phylogenetic classification of the ± 12074 grasses and place the 771 grass genera into 12 subfamilies (Anomochlooideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, Bambusoideae, Chloridoideae, Danthonioideae, Micraioideae, Oryzoideae, Panicoideae, Pharoideae, Puelioideae, and Pooideae), 6 supertribes (Andropogonodae, Arundinarodae, Bambusodae, Panicodae, Poodae, Triticodae), 51 tribes (Ampelodesmeae, Andropogoneae, Anomochloeae, Aristideae, Arundinarieae, Arundineae, Arundinelleae, Atractocarpeae, Bambuseae, Brachyelytreae, Brachypodieae, Bromeae, Brylkinieae, Centotheceae, Centropodieae, Chasmanthieae, Cynodonteae, Cyperochloeae, Danthonieae, Diarrheneae, Ehrharteae, Eragrostideae, Eriachneae, Guaduellieae, Gynerieae, Hubbardieae, Isachneae, Littledaleeae, Lygeeae, Meliceae, Micraireae, Molinieae, Nardeae, Olyreae, Oryzeae, Paniceae, Paspaleae, Phaenospermateae, Phareae, Phyllorachideae, Poeae, Steyermarkochloeae, Stipeae, Streptochaeteae, Streptogyneae, Thysanolaeneae, Triraphideae, Tristachyideae, Triticeae, Zeugiteae, and Zoysieae), and 80 subtribes (Aeluropodinae, Agrostidinae, Airinae, Ammochloinae, Andropogoninae, Anthephorinae, Anthistiriinae, Anthoxanthinae, Arthraxoninae, Arthropogoninae, Arthrostylidiinae, Arundinariinae, Aveninae, Bambusinae, Boivinellinae, Boutelouinae, Brizinae, Buergersiochloinae, Calothecinae, Cenchrinae, Chionachninae, Chusqueinae, Coicinae, Coleanthinae, Cotteinae, Cteniinae, Cynosurinae, Dactylidinae, Dichantheliinae, Dimeriinae, Duthieinae, Eleusininae, Eragrostidinae, Farragininae, Germainiinae, Gouiniinae, Guaduinae, Gymnopogoninae, Hickeliinae, Hilariinae, Holcinae, Hordeinae, Ischaeminae, Loliinae, Melinidinae, Melocanninae, Miliinae, Monanthochloinae, Muhlenbergiinae, Neurachninae, Olyrinae, Orcuttiinae, Oryzinae, Otachyriinae, Panicinae, Pappophorinae, Parapholiinae, Parianinae, Paspalinae, Perotidinae, Phalaridinae, Poinae, Racemobambosinae, Rottboelliinae, Saccharinae, Scleropogoninae, Scolochloinae, Sesleriinae, Sorghinae, Sporobolinae, Torreyochloinae, Traginae, Trichoneurinae, Triodiinae, Tripogoninae, Tripsacinae, Triticinae, Unioliinae, Zizaniinae, and Zoysiinae). In addition, we include a radial tree illustrating the hierarchical relationships among the subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. We use the subfamilial name, Oryzoideae, over Ehrhartoideae because the latter was initially published as a misplaced rank, and we circumscribe Molinieae to include 13 Arundinoideae genera. The subtribe Calothecinae is newly described and the tribe Littledaleeae is new at that rank.
Long‐term vegetation stability and the concept of potential natural vegetation in the Neotropics
Authors: Rull Valentí 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWhen vegetation trends over time are analysed from an appropriate long‐term perspective using palaeoecological records, the concept of potential natural vegetation (PNV) is unsupported because of continual vegetation changes driven by natural or anthropic forcings. However, some palaeoecological records show long‐lasting (i.e. millennial) vegetation stability at multidecadal to centennial time scales in the absence of natural and human drivers of change, which fits within the definition of PNV. A more detailed palaeoecological analysis of these records shows that they are an exception rather than a rule, and that they cannot be differentiated from other transient ecological states. Therefore, long records of vegetation stability cannot be considered to be valid evidence for PNV. From a palaeoecological perspective, the PNV concept is concluded to be unnecessary, even in cases of multidecadal to centennial vegetation stability in the absence of environmental disturbance.
Responses of two contrasting saline‐alkaline grassland communities to nitrogen addition during early secondary succession
Authors: Bai Zhenjian , Gao Ying , Xing Fu , Sun Shengnan , Jiao Deyu , Wei Xiuhong , Mu Chunsheng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractQuestion(1) How do secondary successional dynamics differ in high and low saline‐alkaline grassland communities in semi‐arid lands; and (2) does nitrogen (N) enrichment promote plant secondary succession towards a perennial community under saline‐alkaline stress?LocationSaline‐alkaline grassland in northeast China.MethodsWe selected two early successional communities differing in soil saline‐alkaline stress and floristic composition: one ‘high‐stress community’ co‐dominated by the annual grass Chloris virgata and the annual forbs Artemisia scoparia and Kochia sieversiana, and one ‘low‐stress community’ dominated by the annual forb K. sieversiana. A complete randomized design experiment with five N addition levels was conducted in triplicate for four consecutive years (2008–2011). The vegetation variables (above‐ground biomass of individual species, functional group, community level, community species richness) and soil characteristics (pH, electrical conductivity as a proxy for salinity) were investigated every year. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the successional trajectories.ResultsDCA revealed clear differences in species composition and successional trajectories between the two communities. There were few changes in the species composition of the high‐stress community, with annual species dominating all the plots over the 4 yr. However, most of the low‐stress communities developed from the annual‐dominated stage to the perennial‐dominated stage. N addition had no effect on the relative biomass of the perennial functional group in the two communities. Thus, N addition did not obviously promote plant succession towards a perennial community, even under low saline‐alkaline stress. Species richness did not respond to N addition in the high‐stress community, whereas species richness declined across the N addition gradient in the low‐stress community.ConclusionOur results provided direct empirical evidence that high saline‐alkaline stress limits plant community succession, and low saline‐alkaline stress communities exhibit a succession direction from the annual‐dominated stage to the perennial‐dominated stage. Interestingly, replicates within the same treatment under low‐stress conditions did not develop towards a similar community composition, indicating the importance of environment heterogeneity at a small spatial scale. N addition did not promote the expected perennial plant succession; however, N enrichment reduced plant diversity and enhanced above‐ground biomass, suggesting that artificial N addition (e.g. N deposition) may have an important effect in our system.
Impact of Fetal Growth and Preterm Birth on the Retinal Microvasculature in Mid‐Adulthood
Authors: Hussain Sultana Monira , Kähönen Mika , Raitakari Olli T. , Skilton Michael R. , Witt Nicholas , Chaturvedi Nish , Hutri‐Kähönen Nina , Lehtimäki Terho , Vaahtoranta‐Lehtonen Hanna , Juonala Markus , Wijetunge Sumangali , Hughes Alun D. , McG Thom Simon A. , Metha Andrew , Tapp Robyn J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe hypothesized that preterm birth and being born SGA would be associated with changes in retinal microvascular architecture and that these changes would be more marked among those born preterm. We further hypothesized that these microvascular changes would correlate with early markers of CVD in mid‐adulthood.MethodsThe Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study included randomly selected children from 5 Finnish University cities. Retinal microvascular architecture of participants born preterm, born at term and SGA and a control group born at term and AGA were compared (aged 34–49 years).ResultsIn participants born preterm, arteriolar tortuosity (×102) was higher—means (standard error), 0.06 (0.01) versus 0.04 (0.01), p = 0.001, arteriolar length (pixels) were greater—644.9 (35.9) versus 591.7 (33.5), p = 0.007 and arteriolar diameters (pixels) were narrower—19.9 (0.4) versus 20.3 (0.3), p = 0.034 compared to participants born AGA, after adjustment. In participants born SGA, only arteriolar tortuosity was higher—0.05 (0.01) versus 0.04 (0.01), p = 0.074 compared to participants born AGA.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that being born SGA and in particular preterm birth are associated with changes in retinal microvascular architecture. The prenatal and immediate postnatal environment may contribute to the mechanisms.
Genome‐wide identification of target genes of a mating‐type α‐domain transcription factor reveals functions beyond sexual development
Authors: Becker Kordula , Beer Christina , Freitag Michael , Kück Ulrich 
Published: March 2015

SummaryPenicillium chrysogenum is the main industrial producer of the β‐lactam antibiotic penicillin, the most commonly used drug in the treatment of bacterial infections. Recently, a functional MAT1‐1 locus encoding the α‐box transcription factor MAT1‐1‐1 was discovered to control sexual development in P. chrysogenum. As only little was known from any organism about the regulatory functions mediated by MAT1‐1‐1, we applied chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with next‐generation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) to gain new insights into the factors that influence MAT1‐1‐1 functions on a molecular level and its role in genome‐wide transcriptional regulatory networks. Most importantly, our data provide evidence for mating‐type transcription factor functions that reach far beyond their previously understood role in sexual development. These new roles include regulation of hyphal morphology, asexual development, as well as amino acid, iron, and secondary metabolism. Furthermore, in vitro DNA–protein binding studies and downstream analysis in yeast and P. chrysogenum enabled the identification of a MAT1‐1‐1 DNA‐binding motif, which is highly conserved among euascomycetes. Our studies pave the way to a more general understanding of these master switches for development and metabolism in all fungi, and open up new options for optimization of fungal high production strains.
Twelve‐Note Music as Music: an Essay in Two Parts
Authors: Earle Ben 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAnalysts of twelve‐note music tend to treat this repertoire as if it were composed of numbers rather than notes. The first part of this article asks how they might treat this music as if it were music. A theoretical position is developed via close readings of the work a number of theorists and philosophers, notablyRogerScruton andTheodorW.Adorno. InPartII, the potential of the position developed inPartIis tested in a review of three books on twelve‐note music by Nikos Skalkottas andLuigiDallapiccola.
Application of Antidromic Conduction Monitoring in Ganglion Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation for Locating Trigeminal Branches in Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Li Xiuhua , Yue Jianning , Yang Liqiang , Yang Huijie , Zheng Shuyue , He Liangliang , Ni Jiaxiang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether antidromic conduction monitoring (ACM) can be utilized to map the trigeminal system under sedation as a potential substitute for subjective paresthesia description (SPD) during percutaneous ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation (PGRT).MethodsEighty‐two patients with 152 pain divisions of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) were treated by computed tomography (CT)‐guided PGRT. After the puncture needle entered the foramen ovale (FO), sensory and motor stimulation were applied to locate the pain division. And the corresponding voltage values were recorded by patients’ SPD. In the following, the proper location was certified by ACM. The corresponding earliest waves and voltage values in the identified trigeminal branch were also recorded to outline a comparison between two methods.ResultsThe correlation of ACM and patients’ SPD with voltage at ≤ 0.5 V was statistically significant (P < 0.05, r = 0.159; Spearman's rank correlation analysis). Although ACM and SPD showed weak correlation, as their interclass correlation coefficient was significant (F = 1.868, P < 0.01) with coefficient of internal consistency. Moreover, the two methods had consistency. Kruskal–Wallis test showed that ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3) divisions had significant differences for test sensitivity (H = 15.945, P < 0.01). For comparison of sensitivities with ACM, V3 was most sensitive followed by V2 and then V1.ConclusionACM could potentially substitute for SPD of the paresthesias intra‐operatively, enabling greater specificity and eliminating the need to interrupt the administration of anesthetic. These improvements would increase patient satisfaction and practitioner efficiency and accuracy.
Gradual tapering of desmopressin leads to better outcome in nocturnal enuresis
Authors: Ohtomo Yoshiyuki , Umino Daisuke , Takada Masaru , Fujinaga Shuichiro , Niijima Shinichi , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlthough desmopressin therapy is effective in treating polyuric monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE), the relatively high rates of recurrence are problematic. To date, the treatment protocol on the discontinuation of oral desmopressin melt (ODM) tablet, MinirinMelt, has not been established. We tested two protocols of tapering ODM when the patients achieved full response on ODM, and compared the treatment outcomes.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐seven polyuric MNE children were newly treated with ODM at the authors' outpatient clinics (Juntendo Nerima Hospital and Musashi‐Murayama Hospital). When the patients did not respond to the 8 week ODM therapy, we added another options such as alarm, anti‐cholinergics, and imipramine (92 patients; 58.6%). Sixty‐five patients (41.4%) achieved full response on ODM alone, and 49 of them accepted gradual tapering of ODM: group B (n = 25), 240 μg ODM per day → 120 μg ODM per day → 120 μg ODM per alternate day → cessation; and group C (n = 24), 240 μg ODM per day → 120 μg ODM per day → 60 μg ODM per day → 60 μg ODM per alternate day → cessation.ResultsFourteen patients in group B (56%) and four in group C (17%) had relapses of enuresis after the discontinuation of ODM (P = 0.026).ConclusionsGradual tapering of ODM therapy in MNE patients leads to better outcome.