bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological method for measuring patellofemoral tracking and tibiofemoral kinematics before and after total knee replacement
Authors: Sharma G. B. , Saevarsson S. K. , Amiri S. , Montgomery S. , Ramm H. , Lichti D. D. , Lieck R. , Zachow S. , Anglin C. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives Numerous complications following total knee replacement (TKR) relate to the patellofemoral (PF) joint, including pain and patellar maltracking, yet the options for in vivo imaging of the PF joint are limited, especially after TKR. We propose a novel sequential biplane radiological method that permits accurate tracking of the PF and tibiofemoral (TF) joints throughout the range of movement under weightbearing, and test it in knees pre- and post-arthroplasty. Methods A total of three knees with end-stage osteoarthritis and three knees that had undergone TKR at more than one year’s follow-up were investigated. In each knee, sequential biplane radiological images were acquired from the sagittal direction (i.e. horizontal X-ray source and 10° below horizontal) for a sequence of eight flexion angles. Three-dimensional implant or bone models were matched to the biplane images to compute the six degrees of freedom of PF tracking and TF kinematics, and other clinical measures. Results The mean and standard deviation for the six degrees of freedom of PF tracking and TF kinematics were computed. TF and PF kinematics were highly accurate (< 0.9 mm, < 0.6°) and repeatable. Conclusions The developed method permitted measuring of in vivo PF tracking and TF kinematics before and after TKR throughout the range of movement. This method could be a useful tool for investigating differences between cohorts of patients (e.g., with and without pain) impacting clinical decision-making regarding surgical technique, revision surgery or implant design.
Time-dependent gene expression and immunohistochemical analysis of the injured anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Naraoka T. , Ishibashi Y. , Tsuda E. , Yamamoto Y. , Kusumi T. , Kakizaki I. , Toh S. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives This study aimed to investigate time-dependent gene expression of injured human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and to evaluate the histological changes of the ACL remnant in terms of cellular characterisation. Methods Injured human ACL tissues were harvested from 105 patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction and divided into four phases based on the period from injury to surgery. Phase I was < three weeks, phase II was three to eight weeks, phase III was eight to 20 weeks, and phase IV was ≥ 21 weeks. Gene expressions of these tissues were analysed in each phase by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using selected markers (collagen types 1 and 3, biglycan, decorin, α-smooth muscle actin, IL-6, TGF-β1, MMP-1, MMP-2 and TIMP-1). Immunohistochemical staining was also performed using primary antibodies against CD68, CD55, Stat3 and phosphorylated-Stat3 (P-Stat3). Results Expression of IL-6 was mainly seen in phases I, II and III, collagen type 1 in phase II, MMP-1, 2 in phase III, and decorin, TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin in phase IV. Histologically, degradation and scar formation were seen in the ACL remnant after phase III. The numbers of CD55 and P-Stat3 positive cells were elevated from phase II to phase III. Conclusions Elevated cell numbers including P-Stat3 positive cells were not related to collagens but to MMPs’ expressions.
An ink surgical marker pen is damaging to tendon cells
Authors: Franklin S. L. , Jayadev C. , Poulsen R. , Hulley P. , Price A. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives Surgical marking during tendon surgery is often used for technical and teaching purposes. This study investigates the effect of a gentian violet ink marker pen, a common surgical marker, on the viability of the tissue and cells of tendon. Methods In vitro cell and tissue methods were used to test the viability of human hamstring explants and the migrating tenocytes in the presence of the gentian violet ink. Results The outcome of this study was that a constituent of the surgical marker pen causes cell and tissue death in culture, implying the same would occur in vivo. Conclusions This is a cause for concern when marking tendon during surgical procedures, as it may compromise healing and repair and potentially contribute to a poor outcome. The authors suggest that an alternative surgical marking procedure should be found, or that all marker pens should undergo testing on human tendon tissue in vitro prior to use.
Age-related differences in the neck strength of adolescent rugby players
Authors: Hamilton D. F. , Gatherer D. , Jenkins P. J. , Maclean J. G. B. , Hutchison J. D. , Nutton R. W. , Simpson A. H. R. W. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives To evaluate the neck strength of school-aged rugby players, and to define the relationship with proxy physical measures with a view to predicting neck strength. Methods Cross-sectional cohort study involving 382 rugby playing schoolchildren at three Scottish schools (all male, aged between 12 and 18 years). Outcome measures included maximal isometric neck extension, weight, height, grip strength, cervical range of movement and neck circumference. Results Mean neck extension strength increased with age (p = 0.001), although a wide inter-age range variation was evident, with the result that some of the oldest children presented with the same neck strength as the mean of the youngest group. Grip strength explained the most variation in neck strength (R2 = 0.53), while cervical range of movement and neck girth demonstrated no relationship. Multivariable analysis demonstrated the independent effects of age, weight and grip strength, and the resultant model explained 62.1% of the variance in neck strength. This model predicted actual neck strength well for the majority of players, although there was a tendency towards overestimation at the lowest range and underestimation at the highest. Conclusion A wide variation was evident in neck strength across the range of the schoolchild-playing population, with a surprisingly large number of senior players demonstrating the same mean strength as the 12-year-old mean value. This may suggest that current training regimes address limb strength but not neck strength, which may be significant for future neck injury prevention strategies. Age, weight and grip strength can predict around two thirds of the variation in neck strength, however specific assessment is required if precise data is sought.
A two-year clinical outcomes study of 400 patients, comparing open surgery and arthroscopy for rotator cuff repair
Authors: Walton J. R. , Murrell G. A. C. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether there is any significant difference in temporal measurements of pain, function and rates of re-tear for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) patients compared with those patients undergoing open RCR. Methods This study compared questionnaire- and clinical examination-based outcomes over two years or longer for two series of patients who met the inclusion criteria: 200 open RCR and 200 arthroscopic RCR patients. All surgery was performed by a single surgeon. Results Most pain measurements were similar for both groups. However, the arthroscopic RCR group reported less night pain severity at six months, less extreme pain and greater satisfaction with their overall shoulder condition than the open RCR group. The arthroscopic RCR patients also had earlier recovery of strength and range of motion, achieving near maximal recovery by six months post-operatively whereas the open RCR patients took longer to reach the same recovery level. The median operative times were 40 minutes (20 to 90) for arthroscopic RCR and 60 minutes (35 to 120) for open RCR. Arthroscopic RCR had a 29% re-tear rate compared with 52% for the open RCR group (p < 0.001). Conclusions Arthroscopic RCR involved less extreme pain than open RCR, earlier functional recovery, a shorter operative time and better repair integrity.
Can tibial coverage in total knee replacement be reliably evaluated with three-dimensional image-based digital templating?
Authors: Costa A. J. , Lustig S. , Scholes C. J. , Balestro J-C. , Fatima M. , Parker D. A. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesThere remains a lack of data on the reliability of methods to estimate tibial coverage achieved during total knee replacement. In order to address this gap, the intra- and interobserver reliability of a three-dimensional (3D) digital templating method was assessed with one symmetric and one asymmetric prosthesis design.MethodsA total of 120 template procedures were performed according to specific rotational and over-hang criteria by three observers at time zero and again two weeks later. Total and sub-region coverage were calculated and the reliability of the templating and measurement method was evaluated.ResultsExcellent intra- and interobserver reliability was observed for total coverage, when minimal component overhang (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.87) or no component overhang (ICC = 0.92) was permitted, regardless of rotational restrictions.ConclusionsMeasurement of tibial coverage can be reliable using the templating method described even if the rotational axis selected still has a minor influence.
Local inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase enhances bone formation in a rat model
Authors: Cottrell J. A. , Keshav V. , Mitchell A. , O’Connor J. P. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives Recent studies have shown that modulating inflammation-related lipid signalling after a bone fracture can accelerate healing in animal models. Specifically, decreasing 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) activity during fracture healing increases cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the fracture callus, accelerates chondrogenesis and decreases healing time. In this study, we test the hypothesis that 5-LO inhibition will increase direct osteogenesis. Methods Bilateral, unicortical femoral defects were used in rats to measure the effects of local 5-LO inhibition on direct osteogenesis. The defect sites were filled with a polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold containing 5-LO inhibitor (A-79175) at three dose levels, scaffold with drug carrier, or scaffold only. Drug release was assessed in vitro. Osteogenesis was assessed by micro-CT and histology at two endpoints of ten and 30 days. Results Using micro-CT, we found that A-79175, a 5-LO inhibitor, increased bone formation in an apparent dose-related manner. Conclusions These results indicate that 5-LO inhibition could be used therapeutically to enhance treatments that require the direct formation of bone.
Matrix assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation for cartilage treatment
Authors: Kon E. , Filardo G. , Di Matteo B. , Perdisa F. , Marcacci M. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesMatrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) has been developed and applied in the clinical practice in the last decade to overcome most of the disadvantages of the first generation procedures. The purpose of this systematic review is to document and analyse the available literature on the results of MACT in the treatment of chondral and osteochondral lesions of the knee.MethodsAll studies published in English addressing MACT procedures were identified, including those that fulfilled the following criteria: 1) level I-IV evidence, 2) measures of functional or clinical outcome, 3) outcome related to cartilage lesions of the knee cartilage.ResultsThe literature analysis showed a progressively increasing number of articles per year. A total of 51 articles were selected: three randomised studies, ten comparative studies, 33 case series and five case reports. Several scaffolds have been developed and studied, with good results reported at short to medium follow-up.ConclusionsMACT procedures are a therapeutic option for the treatment of chondral lesions that can offer a positive outcome over time for specific patient categories, but high-level studies are lacking. Systematic long-term evaluation of these techniques and randomised controlled trials are necessary to confirm the potential of this treatment approach, especially when comparing against less ambitious traditional treatments.
Does bone compaction around the helical blade of a proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) decrease the risk of cut-out?
Authors: Goffin J. M. , Pankaj P. , Simpson A. H. R. W. , Seil R. , Gerich T. G. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives Because of the contradictory body of evidence related to the potential benefits of helical blades in trochanteric fracture fixation, we studied the effect of bone compaction resulting from the insertion of a proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA). Methods We developed a subject-specific computational model of a trochanteric fracture (31-A2 in the AO classification) with lack of medial support and varied the bone density to account for variability in bone properties among hip fracture patients. Results We show that for a bone density corresponding to 100% of the bone density of the cadaveric femur, there does not seem to be any advantage in using a PFNA with respect to the risk of blade cut-out. On the other hand, in a more osteoporotic femoral head characterised by a density corresponding to 75% of the initial bone density, local bone compaction around the helical blade provides additional bone purchase, thereby decreasing the risk of cut-out, as quantified by the volume of bone susceptible to yielding. Conclusions Our findings indicate benefits of using a PFNA over an intramedullary nail with a conventional lag screw and suggest that any clinical trial reporting surgical outcomes regarding the use of helical blades should include a measure of the femoral head bone density as a covariable.
Developing core sets for patients with obstetric brachial plexus injury based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Authors: Duijnisveld B. J. , Saraç Ç. , Malessy M. J. A. , Brachial Plexus Advisory Board The ICF , Vliet Vlieland T. P. M. , Nelissen R. G. H. H. 
Published: July 2013

Background Symptoms of obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) vary widely over the course of time and from individual to individual and can include various degrees of denervation, muscle weakness, contractures, bone deformities and functional limitations. To date, no universally accepted overall framework is available to assess the outcome of patients with OBPI. The objective of this paper is to outline the proposed process for the development of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for patients with an OBPI. Methods The first step is to conduct four preparatory studies to identify ICF categories important for OBPI: a) a systematic literature review to identify outcome measures, b) a qualitative study using focus groups, c) an expert survey and d) a cross-sectional, multicentre study. A first version of ICF Core Sets will be defined at a consensus conference, which will integrate the evidence from the preparatory studies. In a second step, field-testing among patients will validate this first version of Core Sets for OBPI. Discussion The proposed method to develop ICF Core Sets for OBPI yields a practical tool for multiple purposes: for clinicians to systematically assess and evaluate the individual’s functioning, for researchers to design and compare studies, and for patients to get more insight into their health problems and their management.
Time to surgery in acute rotator cuff tear
Authors: Mukovozov I. , Byun S. , Farrokhyar F. , Wong I. 
Published: July 2013

AimsWe performed a systematic review of the literature to determine whether earlier surgical repair of acute rotator cuff tear (ARCT) leads to superior post-operative clinical outcomes.MethodsThe MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Libraries, controlled-trials.com and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched using the terms: ‘rotator cuff’, or ‘supraspinatus’, or ‘infraspinatus’, or ‘teres minor’, or ‘subscapularis’ AND ‘surgery’ or ‘repair’. This gave a total of 15 833 articles. After deletion of duplicates and the review of abstracts and full texts by two independent assessors, 15 studies reporting time to surgery for ARCT repair were included. Studies were grouped based on time to surgery < 3 months (group A, seven studies), or > 3 months (group B, eight studies). Weighted means were calculated and compared using Student’s t-test.ResultsGroup B had a significantly higher pre-operative Constant score (CS) (p < 0.001), range of movement in external rotation (p = 0.003) and abduction (p < 0.001) compared with group A. Both groups showed clinical improvement with surgical repair; group A had a significantly improved Constant score, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score, abduction and elevation post-operatively (all p < 0.001). Group B had significantly improved Constant score (p < 0.001) and external rotation (p < 0.001) post-operatively. The mean Constant score improved by 33.5 for group A and by 27.5 for group B.ConclusionThese findings should be interpreted with caution due to limitations and bias inherent to case-series. We suggest a trend that earlier time to surgery may be linked to better Constant score, and active range of movement in abduction and elevation. Additional prospective studies are required.
Clustering of risk factors in the smoking habits of schoolchildren in Sousse, Tunisia
Authors: Nouira Asma , Maatoug Jihen , Harrabi Imed , Hmad Sonia , Belkacem Mmyléne , Slama Slim , al’Absi Mustafa , Lando Harry , Ghannem Hassen 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Background: In Tunisia, little is known about the association between tobacco use and other chronic disease risk factors. This is the case for both adults and children. It is important to know the characteristics of young smokers to facilitate the creation and implementation of future programs for tobacco prevention.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the association between tobacco use and other lifestyle factors among schoolchildren in Tunisia.
Methods: We conducted a 2009/2010 cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 4003 randomly selected school children aged 13 years old (7th and 9th grades) to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes towards, and beliefs about the three risk factors for chronic disease (unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and tobacco use). Written informed consent was obtained from each child’s parents who allowed their child to participate.
Results: The mean age of our sample was 13.36±1.28 years. The proportions of daily smokers were 2.2% and 0.1% among boys and girls, respectively. The proportions of irregular smokers were 9.1% and 1.5% among boys and girls, respectively. In our population, 19.1% (n=767) had ever experimented to smoke, with 29.8% among boys and 9% among girls (p<0.001). The proportions of schoolchildren who reported daily participation in physical activity were different between smokers and nonsmokers with 17.7% and 11.5%, respectively (p=0.03). Concerning eating habits, there was no significant difference in the consumption of fruits and vegetables; however, smokers frequently ate more high fat foods and in fast food restaurants. Similar results were found while comparing regular smoking children with those who experimented but who never became hooked on smoking.
Conclusion: This study and previous research suggest the importance of early intervention in adolescents on smoking and combing these efforts with interventions focusing on physical activity and dietary habits.
Perceived Fitness Protects against Stress‐based Mental Health Impairments among Police Officers Who Report Good Sleep
Authors: Gerber Markus , Kellmann Micheal , Elliot Catherine , Hartmann Tim , Brand Serge , Holsboer‐Trachsler Edith , Pühse Uwe 
Published: July 2013

Perceived Fitness Protects against Stress‐based Mental Health Impairments among Police Officers Who Report Good Sleep: Markus GERBER, et al. Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland—ObjectivesThis study examined a cognitive stress‐moderation model that posits that the harmful effects of chronic stress are decreased in police officers who perceive high levels of physical fitness. It also determined whether the stress‐buffering effect of perceived fitness is influenced by officers' self‐reported sleep.MethodsA total of 460 police officers (n=116 females, n=344 males, mean age: M=40.7; SD=9.7) rated their physical fitness and completed a battery of self‐report stress, mental health, and sleep questionnaires. Three‐way analyses of covariance were performed to examine whether officers' self‐reported mental health status depends on the interaction between stress, perceived fitness and sleep.ResultsHighly stressed officers perceived lower mental health and fitness and were overrepresented in the group of poor sleepers. Officers with high fitness self‐reports revealed increased mental health and reported good sleep. In contrast, poor sleepers scored lower on the mental health index. High stress was more closely related to low mental health among poor sleepers. Most importantly, perceived fitness revealed a stress‐buffering effect, but only among officers who reported good sleep.ConclusionsHigh perceived fitness and good sleep operate as stress resilience resources among police officers. The findings suggest that multimodal programs including stress management, sleep hygiene and fitness training are essential components of workplace health promotion in the police force.
Effect of Client Reputation on Audit Fees at the Office Level: An Examination of S&P 500 Index Membership
Authors: Asthana Sharad C. , Kalelkar Rachana 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARY
Prior studies have examined the effect of a decline in the auditor's or client's reputation on auditor switching, market shares, and stock prices. We extend these studies by examining the effect of an unexpected increase in a client's reputation on audit fees at the office level. We argue that association with a reputed client will enhance the auditor's reputation and establish a brand name, thus enabling the auditor to charge higher fees from other clients. Using a client's inclusion into the prestigious S&P 500 index as a proxy for the client's change in reputation, we find that the audit fees are discounted for this S&P client when it enters the index. The audit fee for this client increases following its exit from the index. We posit that changes in the audit fees for the S&P 500 clients are attributable to the changes in the reporting quality of these firms following their entry to and exit from the index. We also find increases in the audit fees of non-S&P clients of the audit office around such events. We argue that the presence of S&P clients helps auditors differentiate themselves from other auditors and allows them to extract rents from non-S&P clients. Last, we find no evidence of improvement in the reporting quality of other non-S&P clients, supporting our rent-extraction story.
The Li–C phase equilibria
Authors: Kozlov Artem , Seyring Martin , Drüe Martin , Rettenmayr Markus , Schmid-Fetzer Rainer 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Experimental work using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry was conducted on key samples in the Li–C binary system. Reproducible differential scanning calorimetry data with multiple heating cycles were produced only by samples sealed in arc welded Ta-capsules. Only one compound, α/βLi2C2, is found to be stable. A comprehensive Calphad-type assessment was performed and for the first time a consistent thermodynamic description, covering all thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data, is developed. Phase diagrams calculated from that validated database, including the gas phase, are presented. The phase LiC6, was also studied experimentally. It is metastable with respect to α/βLi2C2 + (C), but may be formed from Li + (C). Phase transitions of LiC6, claimed in the literature, are discussed.