bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐country rapid adverse drug event assessment: the Asian Pharmacoepidemiology Network (AsPEN) antipsychotic and acute hyperglycaemia study
Authors: Pratt Nicole , Andersen Morten , Bergman Ulf , Choi Nam‐Kyong , Gerhard Tobias , Huang Cecilia , Kimura Michio , Kimura Tomomi , Kubota Kiyoshi , Lai Edward Chia‐Cheng , Ooba Nobuhiro , Ösby Urban , Park Byung‐Joo , Sato Tsugumichi , Shin Ju‐Young , Sundström Anders , Yang Yea‐Huei Kao , Roughead Elizabeth E 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo undertake a multi‐country study to investigate the risk of acute hyperglycaemia with antipsychotic use.MethodsUsing a distributed network model with a common minimal data set, we performed a prescription sequence symmetry analysis (PSSA) to investigate the risk of acute hyperglycaemia associated with antipsychotic initiation. Incident insulin prescriptions were used as a proxy indicator of acute hyperglycaemia. Participating countries and population datasets included Australia (300,000 persons), Japan I (300,000 persons), Japan II (200,000 persons), Korea (53 million persons) Taiwan (1 million persons), Sweden (9 million persons), USA‐Public (87 million persons) and USA‐Private (47 million persons).ResultsOlanzapine showed a trend towards increased risk in most databases, with a significant association observed in the USA‐Public database (Adjusted sequence ratio (ASR) = 1.14; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.10–1.17) and Sweden (ASR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.13–2.06). Null or negative associations were observed for haloperidol, quetiapine and risperidone.ConclusionAcute hyperglycaemia appears to be associated with olanzapine use, however, this effect was only observed in two large databases. Despite different patterns of utilization of both antipsychotics and insulin, PSSA analysis results for individual antipsychotic medicines were qualitatively similar across most countries. PSSA, used in conjunction with existing methods, may provide a simple and timely method further supporting multi‐national drug safety monitoring. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimized statically non‐wetting hydrophobic electrospun surface of perfluorocyclobutyl aryl ether polymer
Authors: Verma Rajneesh , Creager Stephen , Ballato John , Smith Dennis W 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA statically non‐wetting highly hydrophobic fibrous surface was generated from biphenyl perfluorocyclobutyl aryl ether polymer (BP‐PFCB) by electrospinning. The optimization of solution parameters, which include concentration of the solution and number‐average molecular weight of the polymer, was followed by optimization of the instrumental parameters, which include flow rate, inter‐electrode voltage and inter‐electrode distance. Varying these parameters resulted in different degrees of hydrophobicity on the generated surfaces. The degree of hydrophobicity was determined by measuring static water contact angles. The effects of these variations in electrospinning parameters on the thickness of the fibers constituting the surface were also observed. It was found that the hydrophobic nature of the electrospun fibrous surface of BP‐PFCB depended on two factors: fluorine concentration and thickness of the fibers. During the optimization of the parameters, three different morphological regimes, namely beads, beaded fibers and fibers, were observed. The fine tuning of electrospinning parameters eventually produced a statically non‐wetting, highly hydrophobic surface which predominantly consisted of an intricate network of nanoscale fibers. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Broadband light trapping with disordered photonic structures in thin‐film silicon solar cells
Authors: Bozzola Angelo , Liscidini Marco , Andreani Lucio Claudio 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe theoretically investigate light trapping with disordered 1D photonic structures in thin‐film crystalline silicon solar cells. The disorder is modelled in a finite‐size supercell, which allows the use of rigorous coupled‐wave analysis to calculate the optical properties of the devices and the short‐circuit current density Jsc. The role of the Fourier transform of the photonic pattern in the light trapping is investigated, and the optimal correlation between size and position disorder is found. This result is used to optimize the disorder in a more effective way, using a single parameter. We find that a Gaussian disorder always enhances the device performance with respect to the best ordered configuration. To properly quantify this improvement, we calculate the Lambertian limit to the absorption enhancement for 1D photonic structures in crystalline silicon, following the previous work for the 2D case [M.A. Green, Progr. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2002; 10(4), pp. 235–241]. We find that disorder optimization can give a relevant contribution to approach this limit. Finally, we propose an optimal disordered 2D configuration and estimate the maximum short‐circuit current that can be achieved, potentially leading to efficiencies that are comparable with the values of other thin‐film solar cell technologies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile one‐pot method of initiator fixation for surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization on carbon hard spheres
Authors: Ejaz Muhammad , Sunkara Bhanukiran , Kamboj Lakhinder , He Jibao , John Vijay T. , Pesika Noshir S. , Grayson Scott M. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTAn efficient and novel one‐pot process is developed to immobilize the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiators onto the surface of fully pyrolyzed carbon hard spheres (CHSs) via a radical trapping process from the in situ thermal decomposition of bis(bromomethylbenzoyl)peroxide. The CHSs do not require any additional preparative treatment prior to the initiator immobilization. Styrene and methyl methacrylate are polymerized onto initiator‐immobilized CHSs by surface‐initiated atomic transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP). Samples are characterized using Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. These methods of characterization confirmed that all the CHSs are coated with a uniform layer of grafted polymer. This efficient, one‐pot immobilization of ATRP‐initiators represents an exceptionally simple route for the rapid preparation of various polymer‐coated carbon‐based nanomaterials using SI‐ATRP. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3314–3322
Strain induced nanocavitation and crystallization in natural rubber probed by real time small and wide angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Zhang Huan , Scholz Arthur K. , Merckel Yannick , Brieu Mathias , Berghezan Daniel , Kramer Edward J. , Creton Costantino 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe concomitant appearance of crystallites and nanocavities under uniaxial strain is investigated by X‐ray scattering in a model natural rubber system. The nanocavities appear after crystallization and only when the true stress is above a critical cavitation stress σCav. The presence of crystallites alone does not influence the calculation of the void volume fraction ϕvoid. The nanocavities formed are 20–50 nm in size with a constant aspect ratio. The presence of filler shifts the critical crystallization extension ratio λCry, λCav, and σCav to lower values. The clear correlation between σCav and the crystallinity at the onset of cavitation χC(λCav) implies that the crystallites take most of the mechanical loading thus delaying the cavitation in the amorphous phase. Under cyclic loading, nanocavitation is significant only in the first loading and in the successive loadings if the extension ratio is above its maximum historical value. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1125–1138
Investigation of structures of PEO‐MgCl2 based solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Yang Yujun , Huo Hong 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe crystallinity of polyelectrolytes has long been known to affect their ionic conductivity, but the effects of water of hydration on polyelectrolyte structure are not commonly studied. Here, polymer complexes consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with magnesium chloride (anhydrous MgCl2, MgCl2·4H2O, and MgCl2·6H2O, respectively) have been prepared by a mixed‐solvent method. Fourier transform‐infrared measurements indicate each magnesium chloride salt can coordinate with PEO to form a complex. The structures of (PEO)xMgCl2·4H2O and (PEO)xMgCl2·6H2O complexes are similar, whilst the structure of (PEO)xMgCl2 complex is different to both. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction studies indicate in each polymer complex system the crystallization of PEO is depressed by the interaction of magnesium cation with the ether oxygen of PEO. PEO in (PEO)xMgCl2 and (PEO)xMgCl2·4H2O are shown to be amorphous, but in (PEO)xMgCl2·6H2O it is crystalline. Polar optical microscopy images indicate in each PEO/magnesium chloride system the crystalline morphology clearly changes with the increase of magnesium salt content. The reason for the formation of the spherulites with special morphology are the strong interaction between magnesium cation and ether oxygen of PEO, and the different evaporation rates of ethanol and chloroform in mixed solvent. A better understanding of the effects of hydration on polyelectrolyte crystallinity can help in improving their use in a variety of applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1162–1174
Buffer‐less Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with Zn(O,S):Al transparent conductive oxide film
Authors: Julayhi Jasmeen , Minemoto Takashi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTransparent conductive oxide Zn(O,S):Al (AZOS) films with S/(S+O) 0.00 to 0.25 were fabricated by co‐sputtering of ZnO:Al and ZnS targets. All films showed high transparency of over 80% with edge shift at short wavelength which showed band gap changed as S/(S+O) increased. However, sheet resistance increased with increased S/(S+O), with over 104 Ω/sq at S/(S+O) of 0.25. These films were used in the fabrication of buffer‐less Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with cell structure of Al/NiCr/AZOS/CIGS/Mo/SLG. The cell performance increased with S/(S+O), with highest efficiency of 9.05% at S/(S+O) 0.09. However, at higher S/(S+O) cell performance dropped and at 0.25 no cell performance was recorded which was due to the high sheet resistance. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flow distortion at a dense forest edge
Authors: Dellwik Ebba , Bingöl Ferhat , Mann Jakob 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe flow near tall forest edges is complex, yet poorly described. A field experiment using two meteorological masts equipped with sonic anemometers and a horizontally staring lidar was performed upwind and downwind of the interface between an open flat farmland and a tall (hc = 24 m) beech forest. Data obtained during near‐neutral conditions are presented for the wind direction towards the forest. Results from a high leaf area index period are compared with those from a low leaf area index period. For both periods, the wind speed increased above the forest and decreased within the forest, relative to the measurements upwind of the edge. The lidar data taken at several positions between the masts at 1.25hc show that the minimum wind speed occurred just upwind of the edge. At the 1.25hc level, at the forest mast, the momentum flux (\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline{{\textbf{\textit{uw}}}}$ \end{document}) increased strongly over the forest and positive values were recorded during the high leaf area index period. A spectral analysis revealed that approximately half of this change was caused by low‐frequency, positively correlated eddies along the streamline. The remaining increase can qualitatively be explained with the concept of eddy‐blocking by the canopy top, which could also explain the observed increase in lateral variance and the decrease in the vertical variance. Despite the short distance to the edge of approximately 1.5hc, the beginning of a new internal boundary layer was visible at 1.04hc as a decrease in the vertical momentum flux. At this level, as well as within the forest, the results depended on the wind speed. The presented findings enhance the understanding of the forest edge flow and are useful for model verification and development.
Impacts of the EA and SCA patterns on the European twentieth century NAO–winter climate relationship
Authors: Comas‐Bru Laia , McDermott Frank 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMuch of the twentieth century multidecadal variability in the relationship between North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and winter climate over the North Atlantic–European sector can be linked to the combined effects of the NAO and either the East Atlantic pattern (EA) or the Scandinavian pattern (SCA). Our study documents how different NAO–EA and NAO–SCA combinations influence winter climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation) as a consequence of NAO dipole migrations. Using teleconnectivity maps, we find that the zero‐correlated line of the NAO–winter‐climate relationship migrates southwards when the EA is in the opposite phase to the NAO, related to a southwestwards migration of the NAO dipole under these conditions. Similarly, a clockwise movement of the NAO–winter‐climate correlated areas occurs when the phase of the SCA is opposite to that of the NAO, reflecting a clockwise movement of the NAO dipole under these conditions. Our study provides new insights into the causes of spatial and temporal nonstationarity in the climate–NAO relationships, particularly with respect to winter precipitation. Furthermore, interannual variability in the north–south winter precipitation gradient in the UK appears to reflect the migration of the NAO dipole linked to linear combinations of the NAO and the EA. The study also has important implications for studies of the role of the NAO in modulating the wind energy resource of the UK and Ireland, as well as for the selection of locations for terrestrial proxy archive reconstruction of past states of the NAO.
Super‐resolution image reconstruction using state information of a motorized head
Authors: Kogiso Kiminao , Onishi Satoru , Sugimoto Kenji 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper presents an integrated system designed to obtain a high‐resolution image via super‐resolution image reconstruction by using an observer of a motorized head under control. An advantage of this integration is that the constructed system can algebraically and systematically calculate the registration and motion blur identification, which is quite different from the way in which the conventional methods preprocess captured images. To illustrate the effectiveness of the presented system, some experimental results are provided. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electron Localisation in Ga‐Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Platts James A. , Thomsen Maja K. , Overgaard Jacob 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe present study shows that a successful description of the electron density in a Ga‐containing compound using the present multipole model requires separation and independent radial scaling of the three Ga core shells. It is also shown that two similar compounds only differing in the oxidation state of the Ga atom provides similar residual density maps and thus the deficiencies in the standard multipole model are very similar in the two cases. Nevertheless, we find two fundamentally different core modified multipole models. It is found that introduction of the modified core parameters in the modelling of the experimental data has no significant impact. An analysis of the ELI‐D is introduced to study the localization of electrons in the Ga‐guanidinate moiety. There is a clear analogy between the Laplacian and the ELI‐D, however the latter is able to reveal details from the total density which is not available in the Laplacian. Only in an analysis of the valence density alone can the Laplacian reveal the finer details.
Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of Three Metal‐Organic Complexes with Different Dimensionality Based on Dipyrido[3,2‐d:2′3′‐f]quinoxaline and Different Dicarboxylates
Authors: Wang Xiu‐Li , Qu Yun , Liu Guo‐Cheng , Huang Jing‐Jing , Lin Hong‐Yan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThree new metal‐organic complexes [Ni2(dpq)2(L1)2(H2O)5]·H2O (1), [Pb2(dpq)2(L1)2]·H2O (2), and [Pb(dpq)(L2)] (3) (dpq = dipyrido[3,2‐d:2′3′‐f]quinoxaline, H2L1 = 1,1′‐biphenyl‐2, 2′‐dicarboxylic acid, H2L2 = 2‐carboxymethylsulfanyl nicotinic acid) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. X‐ray analysis reveals that complex 1 has a semi‐cycling dinuclear unit, which is extended into a 3D supramolecular architecture by hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions. Complex 2 is an unusual 0D + 1D cocrystal of dinuclear units and left‐/right‐handed helical chains, which are ultimately packed into a 3D supramolecular structure through hydrogen bonding interactions. Complex 3 shows a 2D network bridged by L2 anions, which is finally extended into a 3D supramolecular structure through π–π stacking interactions. The diverse structures of complexes 1–3 indicate that the central metal ions and the dicarboxylates have significant effects on the final structures. Moreover, the thermal stabilities, the photoluminescent properties of complexes 1–3 and the electrochemical property of complex 1 were also investigated.
Alkaline‐earth Metal Nitrides of the Main‐Group Elements: Crystal Structures and Properties of Inverse Perovskites
Authors: Niewa Rainer 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe knowledge on alkaline‐earth metal nitrides of main‐group elements with Perovskite structures of the general composition (A3Nx)E is reviewed. Compounds with closely related crystal structures denoted as Ruddlesden‐Popper‐Series are also taken into account. In a second part, radii considerations are discussed for use in prediction of the occurrence of distorted Perovskites and hexagonal Perovskite stacking variants.
Carba‐closo‐dodecaborate Anions with Cluster Carbon–Phosphorous Bonds
Authors: Drisch Michael , Sprenger Jan A. P. , Finze Maik 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSalts of monocarba‐closo‐dodecaborate anions with different phosphanyl groups that are bonded to the cluster carbon atom were studied. The series includes the anions [1‐R2P‐closo‐1‐CB11H11]– (R = Cl (1a), H (1b), iPr (1c)) as well as the related anions [1‐iPr2(O)P‐closo‐1‐CB11H11]– (1d) and [1‐H(HO)(O)P‐closo‐1‐CB11H11]– (1e) that were isolated either as cesium or [Et3NH]+ salts. All salts were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and the crystal structures of the Cs+ salts of the anions 1c and 1d were determined. In addition, the reactive anions [1‐Cl2P‐closo‐1‐CB11Hal11]– (Hal = F (2), Cl (3), Br (4), I (5)) were prepared and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy in solution.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Cadmium(II) and Silver(I) Complexes Based on the New ­in‐situ Formed Tetrazole Ligand
Authors: Xiang Jing , Luo Ya , Wu Jia‐Shou 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSolvothermal reactions of 2‐(2‐benzoimidazolyl)acetonitrile (L1), NaN3 in the presence of metal salts in a mixture of EtOH/H2O afforded two polymers [Ag(L2)]n (1) and [Cd(L2)2]n (2) {L2 = 5‐[(benzoimidazolyl)methyl]‐1H‐tetrazolate}. The crystal structures of both compounds were determined by X‐ray crystallography. 1 has a 1D ribbon structure, which is stabilized by non‐covalent interaction; whereas 2 is a 1D helical chain. The distorted conformation of L2 facilitates the π‐π stacking, which connect the adjacent L2 ligands and eventually make a triply helical supra‐molecular chain with a 41 helical axis.The thermal stability of 1 and 2 were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the solid state luminescence properties were investigated at room temperature.
The neuropsychiatry of inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: Walterfang Mark , Bonnot Olivier , Mocellin Ramon , Velakoulis Dennis 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA number of metabolic disorders that affect the central nervous system can present in childhood, adolescence or adulthood as a phenocopy of a major psychiatric syndrome such as psychosis, depression, anxiety or mania. An understanding and awareness of secondary syndromes in metabolic disorders is of great importance as it can lead to the early diagnosis of such disorders. Many of these metabolic disorders are progressive and may have illness‐modifying treatments available. Earlier diagnosis may prevent or delay damage to the central nervous system and allow for the institution of appropriate treatment and family and genetic counselling. Metabolic disorders appear to result in neuropsychiatric illness either through disruption of late neurodevelopmental processes (metachromatic leukodystrophy, adrenoleukodystrophy, GM2 gangliosidosis, Niemann‐Pick type C, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, and alpha mannosidosis) or via chronic or acute disruption of excitatory/inhibitory or monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (acute intermittent porphyria, maple syrup urine disease, urea cycle disorders, phenylketonuria and disorders of homocysteine metabolism). In this manuscript we review the evidence for neuropsychiatric illness in major metabolic disorders and discuss the possible models for how these disorders result in psychiatric symptoms. Treatment considerations are discussed, including treatment resistance, the increased propensity for side‐effects and the possibility of some treatments worsening the underlying disorder.
Compositional dissimilarity patterns of reptiles and amphibians in insular systems around the world
Authors: Pitta Eva , Kassara Christina , Giokas Sinos , Sfenthourakis Spyros 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that taxa with poor dispersal ability have a higher level of compositional dissimilarity than good dispersers. However, compositional dissimilarity patterns between islands with respect to dispersal ability of taxa have never been investigated before. In this study, we investigated compositional dissimilarity patterns of three taxonomic groups, namely amphibians, lizards, and snakes, differing in their dispersal abilities, in various insular systems around the world. We compiled presence–absence matrices, based on which we calculated several metacommunity indices to check for differences among taxonomic groups and island types (oceanic and continental shelf) using classical statistical tests and generalized linear mixed‐effects models. According to our results, compositional dissimilarity was positively affected by the isolation of the insular system, in accordance to theory. In particular, oceanic systems were characterized by a high level of compositional dissimilarity between islands and subsequently by a low level of nestedness. SIEs may be generating these patterns causing distortions from expected levels of nestedness. Similar to our predictions, compositional dissimilarity patterns were also dependent on taxon‐specific dispersal ability, with good dispersers showing lower levels of between‐island compositional dissimilarity than poor dispersers in continental shelf systems. However, this pattern was not observed in oceanic systems. In conclusion, compositional dissimilarity in insular systems is dependent on both taxon and island type.