bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep phylogeographical structure and parallel host range evolution in the leaf beetle Agelasa nigriceps
Authors: Kohyama Tetsuo I. , Matsumoto Kazuma , Katakura Haruo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo understand the mechanisms behind the diversification of herbivorous insects through insect–plant interactions, it is important to know how the insects change their diet breadth in response to environmental changes. In this study, we investigated the phylogeographical pattern of the leaf beetle Agelasa nigriceps to infer the evolutionary history of its host range. While this beetle commonly uses Actinidia arguta (Actinidiaceae) as a host plant, it has been recorded recently on Pterostyrax hispidus (Styracaceae), which is now increasing in abundance at some localities in Japan due to the indirect effects of high population size of a mammalian herbivore. Considerable variation among populations in the ability of Ag. nigriceps to use P. hispidus suggests that P. hispidus is a newly acquired host plant for this beetle. Phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial DNA sequences and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) revealed a high degree of phylogeographical structure in Ag. nigriceps throughout Japan, which is consistent with the hypothesis that several glacial refugia existed in the Japanese archipelago. In contrast, no genetic structure associated with the host plants was detected. Both the mitochondrial DNA and AFLP analyses showed that populations that can use P. hispidus are polyphyletic. These results and geographical variation in host use suggest that the host range expansion to a novel host, P. hispidus, is a very recent and possibly ongoing phenomenon and has occurred independently in several regions. Our study illustrates that the host range of herbivorous insects can evolve repeatedly in response to similar environmental changes.
The C‐terminal regions of YidC from Rhodopirellula baltica and Oceanicaulis alexandrii bind to ribosomes and partially substitute for SRP receptor function in Escherichia coli
Authors: Seitl Ines , Wickles Stephan , Beckmann Roland , Kuhn Andreas , Kiefer Dorothee 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe marine Gram‐negative bacteria Rhodopirellula baltica and Oceanicaulis alexandrii have, in contrast to Escherichia coli, membrane insertases with extended positively charged C‐terminal regions similar to the YidC homologues in mitochondria and Gram‐positive bacteria. We have found that chimeric forms of E. coli YidC fused to the C‐terminal YidC regions from the marine bacteria mediate binding of YidC to ribosomes and therefore may have a functional role for targeting a nascent protein to the membrane. Here, we show in E. coli that an extended C‐terminal region of YidC can compensate for a loss of SRP‐receptor function in vivo. Furthermore, the enhanced affinity of the ribosome to the chimeric YidC allows the isolation of a ribosome nascent chain complex together with the C‐terminally elongated YidC chimera. This complex was visualized at 8.6 Å by cryo‐electron microscopy and shows a close contact of the ribosome and a YidC monomer.
Identification of sorghum genotypes with resistance to the sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchari under natural and artificial infestation
Authors: Sharma Hari C. , Bhagwat Vitthal R. , Daware Dinakar G. , Pawar Dattaji B. , Munghate Rajendra S. , Sharma Suraj P. , Kumar Are Ashok , Reddy Belum V. S. , Prabhakar Krishna Bhat , Ambekar Suresh S. , Gadakh Sharad R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari is an endemic pest of sorghum during postrainy season, and there is a need to develop cultivars with resistance to this pest. Evaluation of a diverse array of sorghum genotypes under natural and artificial infestation resulted in identification of seven lines (ICSB 215, ICSB 323, ICSB 724, ICSR 165, ICSV 12001, ICSV 12004 and IS 40615) with moderate levels of resistance to aphid damage. Under artificial infestation, 10 lines suffered <20% loss in grain yield as compared to 72.4% grain loss in the susceptible check, Swarna. The genotypes ICSR 165, ICSB 724, IS 40615, DSV 5 and ICSB 323 exhibited moderate levels of resistance to aphid damage (damage rating, DR <5.0) and also had high grain yield potential (>30 q/ha). In another experiment, ICSB 215, ICSB 695, ICSR 161, Line 61510, ICSV 12004, Parbhani Moti and IS 40618 exhibited high grain yield potential (>25 q/ha) and exhibited <50% variation in grain yield as compared to more than 80% in the susceptible check, in CK 60 B. The genotypes RSV 1211, RS 29, RSV 1338, EC 8‐2, PU 10‐1, IS 40617 and ICSB 695 though showed a susceptible reaction to aphid damage, but suffered relatively low loss in grain yield, suggesting that these lines have tolerance to aphid damage. Principal coordinate analysis suggested that the genotypes with aphid resistance are quite diverse and can be used to breed for aphid resistance and high grain yield potential and also in breeding for aphid resistance in sorghum with adaptation to the postrainy season.
Gestational Age, Small for Gestational Age, and Infantile Colic
Authors: Milidou Ioanna , Søndergaard Charlotte , Jensen Morten Søndergaard , Olsen Jørn , Henriksen Tine Brink 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundPreterm and growth restricted infants may have developmental delays and deviations from normal organ function related to the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. Since both organ systems are hypothesised to be involved in the pathogenesis of infantile colic, a condition characterised by excessive crying during the first months of life, impaired fetal growth and preterm birth may be risk factors for infantile colic.MethodsA total of 62 761 liveborn singletons from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996 to 2002) were studied. Infantile colic was defined according to Wessel's modified criteria based on maternal interview conducted at 6 months post‐partum.ResultsA total of 2605 (4.2%) infants were born preterm, 54 441 (86.7%) at term, and 5715 (9.1%) post‐term. A total of 4964 (7.9%) infants fulfilled Wessel's modified criteria for infantile colic. The risk for infantile colic increased with decreasing gestational age after adjustment for covariates. The highest odds [odds ratio (95% confidence interval)] was observed for infants born before 32 completed gestational weeks (1.5 [95% CI 1.0, 2.2], reference: 40 gestational weeks). Small for gestational age infants (birthweight below 10th percentile) had an increased odds of infantile colic (1.2 [95% CI 1.1, 1.3]) in all gestational age groups.ConclusionsWe observed an increased risk of infantile colic in preterm and small for gestational age infants in a large cohort. Our results suggest that the aetiology of infantile colic may be found in the prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal period.
New Techniques for Determining the Longitudinal Effects of Local Hemodynamics on the Intima‐Media Thickness in Arteriovenous Fistulae in an Animal Model
Authors: Rajabi‐Jagahrgh Ehsan , Roy‐Chaudhury Prabir , Wang Yang , Al‐Rjoub Marwan , Campos‐Naciff Begona , Choe Ann , Dumoulin Charles , Banerjee Rupak K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRemodeling in the arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) is believed to be a hemodynamic‐driven process, which results in extreme changes in the diameter and intima‐media thickening (IMT) of vessels over time. This study aims to describe the successful development of techniques that enabled correlation of changes in local and longitudinal wall shear stress (WSS) with the temporal variations of the diameter and IMT in the venous segment of AVFs. An AVF was created between the femoral artery and vein of a 50‐kg pig. We have previously shown the successful use of CT‐scan and ultrasound techniques for anatomical and flow measurements in AVFs, respectively. In this study, we developed new techniques involving markers (both in vivo and ex vivo), casting (ex vivo), and micro‐MRI (ex vivo; 7 Tesla). A radiopaque marker (ROM) was sutured to the AVF at the day of surgery, which was visible in the CT‐scan images, micro‐MRI, and histology sections. Therefore, ROM served as a fixed local reference for both in vivo and ex vivo states of AVFs. Immediately after sacrificing the pig, a procedure was developed to create a cast from the AVF and thus, maintaining the in vivo state of the AVF during the histology process. Then, micro‐MRI and histology techniques were conducted on the AVF to measure IMT in the vein. Along the ROM, the local changes in WSS levels for two cross‐sections were tracked at 2D (D: days) and 28D post surgery. WSS levels reduced from 2D to 28D for both cross‐sections. Also, the recirculation zones, which formed at 2D for both sections, became smaller in size at 28D. These hemodynamic changes were then mapped onto the corresponding IMT measurements from histology and micro‐MRI. It was observed that the recirculation zones at 2D and 28D corresponded to the largest IMT in the two sections. In summary, the new methodologies allowed us to define a fixed local reference at all time points in the AVF, which enabled accurate tracking of local changes in hemodynamics (WSS), configuration (diameter), and structure (IMT) of the venous segment over time. This also empowered study of the interactions between these parameters, which could improve our understanding about the hemodynamic‐driven remodeling in AVFs. From a clinical point of view, this information could be translated into local and early therapeutic interventions for dialysis patients.
Measurement of Vessel Diameter During Angioplasty: Are We Accurately Performing This Task?
Authors: Salman Loay , Vazquez‐Padron Roberto I. , Castro Hector , Monrroy Mauricio , Abdelwahed Yehia , Rizvi Abid , Merrill Donna , Asif Arif 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVessel diameter is objectively measured by a lead ruler positioned in the fluoroscopic field and software calibration during angioplasty. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the accuracy of lead ruler determination of vessel diameter. Chronic hemodialysis patients undergoing an angioplasty procedure were included in this study (n = 37). Vessel diameter was determined by calibrating the fluoroscopy machine to a ruler with lead markers placed in the fluoroscopic field. The same calibration was used to measure the fully effaced angioplasty balloon in its intravascular location. We compared the measured balloon diameter with the actual (manufacturer's) diameter. The approximate depth of the ruler from the measured vessel was also determined. Angioplasty balloons appeared 13.75–40.83% (mean 25.8% ± 7.015) smaller than the actual size of the balloon (p < 0.0001) when measured using a calibrated fluoroscopic machine. There was a tendency toward the fact that the bigger the distance between the ruler and the vessel (that contained the angioplasty balloon), the more likely the technique underestimated the size of the angioplasty balloon. Lead ruler method underestimates the diameter of the vessel. Recognizing such a discrepancy is important when determining the size of an angioplasty balloon or endovascular stent.
The Temporal Association Between Self‐Injurious Thoughts and Psychotic Symptoms: A Mobile Phone Assessment Study
Authors: Palmier‐Claus Jasper E. , Taylor Peter J. , Ainsworth John , Machin Matthew , Dunn Graham , Lewis Shon W. 
Published: November 2013

The relationship between psychotic symptoms and self‐injurious thoughts (SITs) remains unclear. The short‐term temporal associations between psychotic symptoms and SITs were explored. A sample of 36 people with a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder or at‐risk mental state completed mobile phone‐based measures at multiple times each day for 1 week. Clustered regression with time‐lagged variables supported a relationship between paranoia and subsequent SITs. Hallucinations did not predict these thoughts when controlling for paranoia. The role of specific psychotic symptoms in triggering SITs is highlighted and the importance of considering these factors in risk management is discussed.
KIR and KIR ligand polymorphism: a new area for clinical applications?
Authors: Falco M. , Moretta L. , Moretta A. , Bottino C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractKiller immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) play an essential role in the regulation of natural killer (NK) activity, allowing NK cells to sense and respond to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I downregulation, an important hallmark for viral infections and tumor transformation. KIR and HLA genes are located on different chromosomes and KIR/HLA class I interaction represents an example of genetic epistasis in which the presence of receptor/ligand pairs is necessary for the induction of functional activity, while the presence of one in the absence of the other is not sufficient to influence NK cell function. Due to the high degree of HLA class I and KIR gene variability, KIR/KIR‐ligand (KIR‐L) interactions are extraordinarily diverse. KIR polymorphism arises from both haplotypic and allelic variations and was shaped by natural selection. KIR variability affects NK cell education influencing the KIR repertoire, KIR expression, the strength of KIR/KIR‐L interactions and the capability to deliver signals. Moreover, it may influence NK cell function during infections, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy and allogeneic transplantation. This review summarizes the genetic and functional features of KIR/KIR‐L interactions and gives an overview of their potential relevance in clinical studies.
Growth rates of black soldier fly larvae fed on fresh human faeces and their implication for improving sanitation
Authors: Banks Ian J. , Gibson Walter T. , Cameron Mary M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the capacity of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia illucens) to convert fresh human faeces into larval biomass under different feeding regimes, and to determine how effective BSFL are as a means of human faecal waste management.MethodsBlack soldier fly larvae were fed fresh human faeces. The frequency of feeding, number of larvae and feeding ratio were altered to determine their effects on larval growth, prepupal weight, waste reduction, bioconversion and feed conversion rate (FCR).ResultsThe larvae that were fed a single lump amount of faeces developed into significantly larger larvae and prepupae than those fed incrementally every 2 days; however, the development into pre‐pupae took longer. The highest waste reduction was found in the group containing the most larvae, with no difference between feeding regimes. At an estimated 90% pupation rate, the highest bioconversion (16–22%) and lowest, most efficient FCR (2.0–3.3) occurred in groups that contained 10 and 100 larvae, when fed both the lump amount and incremental regime.ConclusionThe prepupal weight, bioconversion and FCR results surpass those from previous studies into BSFL management of swine, chicken manure and municipal organic waste. This suggests that the use of BSFL could provide a solution to the health problems associated with poor sanitation and inadequate human waste management in developing countries.
The International Reorganisation of Auto Production
Authors: Amighini Alessia , Gorgoni Sara 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper aims at assessing whether and how the rise of new countries as important suppliers to the world's leading car producers has changed the structure of the international organisation of auto production over the last decade or has simply caused a shift in the geography of suppliers. By using network analysis, we show that emerging economies caused a structural change in the international organisation of auto production, but their roles are largely peripheral, while the world's leading producers now act as the core of a more hierarchical international division of labour than a decade ago.
Response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) to stress induced by different types of pollutants – testing the fluctuating asymmetry
Authors: Chudzinska Ewa , Pawlaczyk Ewa M. , Celinski Konrad , Diatta Jean 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDamage caused to pine forests by industrial pollution is observed even several decades after emissions have stopped down. A simple morphological feature – the leaf fluctuating asymmetry – was used for assessing the condition of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands growing in a heavily degraded area. In 2011, a study was performed on the developmental instability of needles in four naturally reforested Polish populations of P. sylvestris. Studies were conducted within the protective zone at a zinc smelter, a copper smelter, a cement plant and train tracks. All selected areas manifested a high extent of anthropogenic pollution‐induced environmental degradation until the end of the 90s. Currently, a reduced level of environmental pollution is recorded at these sites. Control group was a natural population of Scots pine from the region of National Park of Wielkopolska. The results confirm the usefulness of fluctuating asymmetry as a highly sensitive indicator of non‐specific stress. Also, it was shown that in areas degraded by human activity, poor condition of Scots pine persists that the stress factor has been eliminated. This tendency occurs particularly to areas contaminated by heavy metals.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus brevis Strain EW, a
Drosophila
Gut Pathobiont
Authors: Kim Eun-Kyoung , Park Young Min , Lee Oun Young , Lee Won-Jae 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus brevis
strain EW, a gut pathobiont, was isolated from the fruit fly
Drosophila melanogaster
. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
L. brevis
EW.
Draft Genome Sequence and Description of
Janthinobacterium
sp. Strain CG3, a Psychrotolerant Antarctic Supraglacial Stream Bacterium
Authors: Smith Heidi , Akiyama Tatsuya , Foreman Christine , Franklin Michael , Woyke Tanja , Teshima Hazuki , Davenport Karen , Daligault Hajnalka , Erkkila Tracy , Goodwin Lynne , Gu Wei , Xu Yan , Chain Patrick 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Here we present the draft genome sequence of
Janthinobacterium
sp. strain CG3, a psychrotolerant non-violacein-producing bacterium that was isolated from the Cotton Glacier supraglacial stream. The genome sequence of this organism will provide insight as to the mechanisms necessary for bacteria to survive in UV-stressed icy environments.
Draft Genome Sequence of Serratia fonticola LMG 7882
T
Isolated from Freshwater
Authors: Carneiro Adriana Ribeiro , Jucá Ramos Rommel Thiago , Baraúna Rafael Azevedo , de Sá Pablo Henrique , Marinho Almeida Diogo , Barbosa Silvanira , Pereira Anabela , Alves Artur , Egas Conceição , Correia António , Henriques Isabel , Silva Artur 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Serratia fonticola
is a Gram-negative bacterium with a wide distribution in aquatic environments. On some occasions, it has also been regarded as a significant human pathogen. In this work, we report the first draft genome sequence of an
S. fonticola
strain (LMG 7882
T
), which was isolated from freshwater.
Draft Genome Sequences of 17 Isolates of the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium
Dickeya
Authors: Pritchard Leighton , Humphris Sonia , Saddler Gerry S. , Elphinstone John G. , Pirhonen Minna , Toth Ian K. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Dickeya
(formerly
Erwinia chrysanthemi
) species cause diseases on a wide range of crops and ornamental plants worldwide. Here we present the draft sequences of 17
Dickeya
isolates spanning four
Dickeya
species, including five isolates that are currently unassigned to a species.
Long-term effectiveness of the community-based Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) lifestyle intervention: a cohort study
Authors: Kent Lillian , Morton Darren , Hurlow Trevor , Rankin Paul , Hanna Althea , Diehl Hans 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the long-term (three or more years) effectiveness of the volunteer-delivered Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) intervention.DesignCohort study.SettingHawera, New Zealand.ParticipantsOf the total cohort of 284 individuals who self-selected to complete the CHIP lifestyle intervention between 2007 and 2009, 106 (37% of the original cohort, mean age=64.9±7.4 years, range 42–87 years; 35% males, 65% female) returned in 2012 for a complimentary follow-up health assessment (mean follow-up duration=49.2+10.4 months).Intervention30-day lifestyle modification programme (diet, physical activity, substance use and stress management) delivered by volunteers in a community setting.Main outcome measuresChanges in body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG).ResultsAfter approximately 4 years, participants with elevated biometrics at programme entry maintained significantly lowered BMI (−3.2%; 34.8±5.4 vs 33.7±5.3 kg/m2, p=0.02), DBP (−9.4%; 89.1±4.1 vs 80.8±12.6 mm Hg, p=0.005), TC (−5.5%; 6.1±0.7 vs 5.8±1.0 mmol/L, p=0.04) and TG (−27.5%; 2.4±0.8 vs 1.7±0.7 mmol/L, p=0.002). SBP, HDL, LDL and FPG were not significantly different from baseline. Participants with elevated baseline biometrics who reported being compliant to the lifestyle principles promoted in the intervention (N=71, 67% of follow-up participants) recorded further reductions in BMI (−4.2%; 34.8±4.5 vs 33.4±4.8 kg/m2, p=0.02), DBP (−13.3%; 88.3±3.2 vs 77.1±12.1 mm Hg, p=0.005) and FPG (−10.4%; 7.0±1.5 vs 6.3±1.3 mmol/L, p=0.02).ConclusionsIndividuals who returned for follow-up assessment and entered the CHIP lifestyle intervention with elevated risk factors were able to maintain improvements in most biometrics for more than 3 years. The results suggest that the community-based CHIP lifestyle intervention can be effective in the longer term, even when delivered by volunteers.
Phosphorylated Akt expression is a prognostic marker in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yip P Y , Cooper W A , Kohonen-Corish M R J , Lin B P C , McCaughan B C , Boyer M J , Kench J G , Horvath L G 
Published: November 2013

AimsTo determine the prognostic significance of pAkt expression in order to identify high-risk stage IB patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in an exploratory study.MethodsWe identified 471 consecutive patients with stage IB primary NSCLC according to the American Joint Commission on Cancer 6th edition tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system, who underwent surgical resection between 1990 and 2008. Patients who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatments were excluded. Pathology reports were reviewed, and pathological characteristics were extracted. Expression of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) in both cytoplasmic and nuclear locations was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and clinicopathological factors were analysed against 10-year overall survival using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards model.Results455 (96.6%) cancers were adequate for pAkt immunohistochemical analysis. The prevalence of pAkt expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cancers was 60.7% and 43.7%, respectively. Patients whose cancers expressed higher levels of cytoplasmic pAkt had a trend towards longer overall survival than those with lower levels (p=0.06). Conversely, patients whose cancers expressed higher levels of nuclear pAkt had a poorer prognosis than those with lower levels of expression (p=0.02). Combined low cytoplasmic/high nuclear expression of pAkt was an independent predictor of overall survival (HR=2.86 (95% CI 1.35 to 6.04); p=0.006) when modelled with age (HR=1.05 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.07); p<0.001), extent of operation (HR=2.11 (95% CI 1.48 to 3.01); p<0.001), visceral pleural invasion (HR=1.63 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.15); p<0.001), gender, tumour size, histopathological type and grade (p>0.05).ConclusionsLevel of expression of pAkt in the cytoplasm and nucleus is an independent prognostic factor that may help to select patients with high-risk disease.