bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐assisted extraction kinetics, fatty acid profile, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of green solvents' extracted passion fruit oil
Authors: Lee Sin Yee , Fu Sin Yin , Chong Gun Hean 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe main objective of this current work was to evaluate the feasibility of green solvent's application on passion fruit oil extraction. In this study, the effects of green solvent on oil yield, fatty acid profile, oil physicochemical properties, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity associated with extracted oil were compared to those of conventional solvent, hexane application. Therefore, this study may provide supplementary information on previous studies that focused on oil recovery. Oilseeds' proximate composition and the influence of oilseeds‐to‐solvent (w/v) ratio on oil yield were investigated. The oilseeds contained high fibre, fat and protein. Oilseeds‐to‐solvent (w/v) ratio (1:8) provided the highest oil yield. Overall, acetone was suggested as a suitable hexane replacer due to its higher oil recovery, similar fatty acid profile and oil physicochemical properties with higher antioxidant activity. Ethanol‐extracted oil contained higher amounts of omega‐9 MUFA, which may indicate the influence of extraction solvent on final fatty acid composition and thus final oil application.
Impact of Eu3+ Dopants on Optical Spectroscopy of Ce3+: Y3Al5O12‐Embedded Transparent Glass‐Ceramics
Authors: Zhou Yang , Chen Daqin , Tian Wendong , Ji Zhenguo 
Published: May 2015

Transparent glass‐ceramics containing Ce3+: Y3Al5O12 phosphors and Eu3+ ions were successfully fabricated by a low‐temperature co‐sintering technique to explore their potential application in white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). Microstructure of the sample was studied using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The impact of co‐sintering temperature, Ce3+: Y3Al5O12 crystal content and Eu3+ doping content on optical properties of glass‐ceramics were systematically studied by emission, excitation spectra, and decay curves. Notably, the spatial separation of these two different activators in the present glass‐ceramics, where Ce3+ ions located in YAG crystalline phase while the Eu3+ ones stayed in glass matrix, is advantageous to the realization of both intense yellow emission assigned to Ce3+: 5d→4f transition and red luminescence originating from Eu3+: 4f→4f transitions. As a result, the quantum yield of the glass‐ceramic reached as high as 93%, and the constructed WLEDs exhibited an optimal luminous efficacy of 122 lm/W, correlated color temperature of 6532 K and color rendering index of 75.
Identifying alien bryophytes taking into account uncertainties: a reply to Patiño & Vanderpoorten (2015)
Authors: Essl Franz , Dullinger Stefan , Moser Dietmar , Steinbauer Klaus , Mang Thomas 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecently, Patiño & Vanderpoorten (2015,Journal of Biogeography,42, doi:10.1111/jbi.12492) commented on our manuscripts about patterns and processes of global bryophyte invasions. In particular, they argued that the criteria we have used to identify alien bryophytes (i.e. anomalous geographical distribution, preference for disturbed habitats, indirect associations with some means of human transport) are insufficient in the absence of further evidence. We fully agree with this statement. Consequently, we had used the above‐mentioned criteria only for the identification of ‘cryptogenic’ (i.e. probable alien) species and have stated this explicitly in our manuscripts. Thus, we conclude that Patiño & Vanderpoorten (2015) have drawn misleading conclusions on the way we defined aliens. Nevertheless, we acknowledge that given the excellent long‐distance dispersal capacities of bryophytes, diverging opinions between different experts on the native, alien or cryptogenic status of a particular bryophyte species in a given region do sometimes exist.
Eligibility for the Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: FRANCIA PIETRO , ADDUCI CARMEN , PALANO FRANCESCA , SEMPRINI LORENZO , SERDOZ ANDREA , MONTESANTI DALMA , SANTINI DARIA , MUSUMECI BEATRICE , SALVATI ADRIANO , VOLPE MASSIMO , AUTORE CAMILLO 
Published: May 2015

S‐ICD Eligibility in Hcm PatientsBackgroundHigh‐risk hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients benefit from the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The subcutaneous ICD (S‐ICD) may provide comparable protection while avoiding the shortcomings of transvenous (TV) leads. We assessed S‐ICD eligibility according to surface ECG screening test in a cohort of high‐risk HCM patients.Methods and Results47 HCM patients (3 S‐ICD candidates; 41 TV‐ICD patients without pacing indication; and 3 pacemaker‐dependent TV‐ICD patients) underwent 4 screening protocols: standard (n = 44); exercise (n = 33); continuous pacing (n = 44); alternating paced/spontaneous QRS (n = 41). Of the 44 patients in the standard screening group, 41 (93%) were eligible. Max LV thickness was inversely related to the number of qualifying leads (3 leads: 21 ± 4 mm; 2 leads: 22 ± 6 mm; 1 lead: 25 ± 6 mm; no leads: 28 ± 11 mm; P = 0.07). Of the 33 patients in the exercise group, 5 were ineligible (3 after exercise). Of these, 2 became eligible after moving sternal electrodes from the left to the right parasternal line (eligibility rate: 30/33; 91%). Of the 44 patients in the continuous pacing group, 28 (64%) were eligible, 8 of which with right parasternal electrodes. In the paced/spontaneous QRS group (n = 41), 21 patients (51%) had at least 1 eligible lead during pacing and retained compatibility on the same lead during spontaneous rhythm, 5 of which with right parasternal electrodes.ConclusionsS‐ICD screening failure is low in HCM, provided that patients with severe hypertrophy are carefully evaluated. Exercise test should be performed and right parasternal leads tested. Pacemaker patients display lower eligibility rate.
RADICALISM VERSUS GRADUALISM: AN ANALYTICAL SURVEY OF THE TRANSITION STRATEGY DEBATE
Authors: Iwasaki Ichiro , Suzuki Taku 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAcademic debate on a transition strategy for former socialist economies continues even a quarter century after the collapse of the communism in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. In this paper, through an analytical survey of 137 preceding studies, we present an overall picture of the debate and examine the relationship between the debate attitudes and the literature attributes in related studies. We found that the radicalists maintain a consistent debate attitude from the viewpoints of time speed and policy sequence of economic transition, while the debate attitude of the gradualists is more diversified. We also found that there is another group of researchers that stays within the framework of the radicalism‐versus‐gradualism debate while at the same time keeping at arm's length from both the radicalists and the gradualists. In addition, our regression estimation of qualitative selection models provides interesting findings on the relationship between the debate attitudes and the literature attributes.
News Trading and Speed
Authors: FOUCAULT THIERRY , HOMBERT JOHAN , ROŞU IOANID 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWe compare the optimal trading strategy of an informed speculator when he can trade ahead of incoming news (is “fast”), versus when he cannot (is “slow”). We find that speed matters: the fast speculator's trades account for a larger fraction of trading volume, and are more correlated with short‐run price changes. Nevertheless, he realizes a large fraction of his profits from trading on long‐term price changes. The fast speculator's behavior matches evidence about high‐frequency traders. We predict that stocks with more informative news are more liquid even though they attract more activity from informed high‐frequency traders.
MRI Pre‐ and Post‐Embolization Enhancement Patterns Predict Surgical Outcomes in Intracranial Meningiomas
Authors: Ali Rushna , Khan Muhib , Chang Victor , Narang Jayant , Jain Rajan , Marin Horia , Rock Jack , Kole Max 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTPURPOSETo evaluate the effects of preoperative embolization on overall surgical outcomes after meningioma resection and determine whether pre‐ and postembolization tumor enhancement patterns on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans can be used to assess the efficacy of embolization.METHODSWe developed a prospective database of all patients who underwent surgical resection with or without preoperative embolization for extra‐axial intracranial meningiomas from 2004 to 2010. Using specialized computer software, the total volume of enhancement was calculated in pre‐ and postembolization MRI scans to quantify the percentage of embolization, which was described as the embolization fraction (EF).RESULTSA total of 89 patients underwent surgical resection. Fifty two patients underwent embolization prior to surgery. Tumor location significantly correlated with the decision to embolize preoperatively. Adequate embolization was achieved in 58% of patients. Forty four patients (84.6%) had a postsurgical Karnofsky performance score (KPS) of 80 or above, while 46 patients (88.4%) had a postsurgical Glascow Outcome Score (GOS) of 4 or 5. The mean EF was 25.03% with a median of 18.72%. A greater extent of embolization as quantified by EF led to decreased intraoperative blood loss (r = −.319, P = .022) and better postsurgical outcomes as defined by KPS (r = .279, P = .044).CONCLUSIONSPre‐ and postembolization tumor enhancement patterns on magnetic resonance imaging defined as EF correlate with improved surgical facilitation and postoperative functional outcomes in the management of intracranial meningioma.
Two‐Piece Hollow Bulb Obturator for Postsurgical Partial Maxillectomy Defect in a Young Patient Revamping Lost Malar Prominence: A Clinical Report
Authors: Vaidya Sharad , Parkash Hari , Gupta Sharad , Bhargava Akshay , Kapoor Charu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe most frequent type of treatment for patients diagnosed with a malignant neoplasia of the oral cavity is surgical resection of the tumor. Ablative surgery may be followed by a reconstructive phase, in which the surgeon may choose between local flaps, nonvascularized bone grafts or free vascularized flaps to close the surgical site, depending on the general conditions of the patient. Esthetic and functional results are challenging to achieve for the prosthodontist, as variable amount of hard and soft tissues are removed. This report describes the fabrication of a two‐piece hollow obturator for a 19‐year‐old patient who underwent wide surgical excision of the osteosarcoma of the maxilla and was rehabilitated to function. In this case, the surgical site was covered with submental flap, and the second piece of the obturator provided fullness to the lost malar prominence.
Expedited Record Base Fabrication Using an Irreversible Hydrocolloid Cast
Authors: Oh Won‐suk , Park Ju‐mi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe registration of a maxillomandibular relationship requires additional clinical and laboratory procedures when the mouth presents with loss of occlusal support. This procedure can be a challenge for a patient who needs urgent care or resides in a remote area. This article describes a procedure for expediting the mounting of a master cast for the fabrication of a maxillary immediate complete denture. The technique presented describes the use of a silicone record base made on an irreversible hydrocolloid cast generated from the final impression.
Obturation Techniques Allow Microbial Leakage Unless Protected
Authors: Balto Hanan A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the quality of the apical 5‐mm seal produced by different filling techniques using a bacterial leakage model.Materials and MethodsSixty‐five extracted single‐rooted human teeth were decoronated, prepared, and instrumented. Roots were randomly divided into three experimental groups (15 roots each) and control groups (10 roots each). The apical 5 mm was filled with cold lateral condensation (CLC) technique, continuous wave of condensation (CWC), or injectable thermoplasticized gutta‐percha (Obtura II) using AH26 Plus as a sealer. Positive controls were filled with gutta‐percha without sealer, whereas negative controls were filled with a CLC technique and covered completely with two layers of nail varnish, including the orifice. A dual‐chamber leakage model using Enterococcus faecalis as a microbial marker was used for leakage evaluation. Bacterial penetration was monitored over a 60‐day period, and leakage was recorded when turbidity was observed in the lower chamber.ResultsAll positive controls exhibited turbidity in the lower chamber within 24 hours. All negative controls demonstrated no bacterial leakage for the entire 60‐day observation period. The estimated mean day for leakage was 32 for CLC, 35 for CWC, and 30 days for Obtura II. Wilcoxon test showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.98) in the survival time between the experimental groups.ConclusionThe three filling techniques produced similar resistance to bacterial leakage when used to fill the apical 5‐mm segment of the canal while leaving the rest of the canal unfilled.
Organizational Form, Ownership Structure, and CEO Turnover: Evidence Fromthe Property–Casualty Insurance Industry
Authors: Cheng Jiang , Cummins J. David , Lin Tzuting 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe investigate the role of organizational form and ownership structure in corporate governance by examining CEO turnover for U.S. property–casualty insurers. Our article extends the prior literature by decomposing stock insurers into publicly traded and nonpublicly traded (closely held) entities and breaking down both types of stocks into family‐owned and nonfamily‐owned categories. We further subdivide family firms into those with family‐member CEOs and those with nonfamily CEOs. We find that the probability of nonroutine turnover has a significant negative relationship with firm performance. Turnover probabilities vary significantly by organizational form and ownership structure. Family firms with family‐member CEOs have the lowest turnover rate of any ownership type. The probability of nonroutine CEO turnover is lower for mutuals than for publicly traded nonfamily stock firms and also for all other types of stocks except closely held family stock firms and publicly traded family stocks with family‐member CEOs. The results provide further evidence that organizational form matters in terms of controlling agency costs in financial services firms.
Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Horses: American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Consensus Statement
Authors: Hinchcliff K.W. , Couetil L.L. , Knight P.K. , Morley P.S. , Robinson N.E. , Sweeney C.R. , van Erck E. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundPublished studies of exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), when assessed individually, often provide equivocal or conflicting results. Systematic reviews aggregate evidence from individual studies to provide a global assessment of the quality of evidence and to inform recommendations.ObjectivesEvaluate evidence to determine: ifEIPHadversely affects the health, welfare or both of horses;if EIPHaffects the athletic capacity of horses; the efficacy of prophylactic interventions forEIPH; and if furosemide affects the athletic capacity of horses.AnimalsNone.Materials and MethodsSystematic review. A panel of 7 experts was formed to assess evidence in the peer reviewed literature addressing each of the 4 objectives. Methodology followed that of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Publications were assessed for quality of evidence by working groups of the panel, and a summary of findings was presented in tables. Recommendations were based on quality of evidence and were determined by a vote of the panel.ResultsMuch of the evidence was of low to very low quality. Experimental studies frequently lacked adequate statistical power. There was moderate to high quality evidence thatEIPHis progressive, is associated with lung lesions, that it adversely affects racing performance, that severeEIPH(Grade 4) is associated with a shorter career duration, that furosemide is efficacious in decreasing the incidence and severity ofEIPH, and that administration of furosemide is associated with superior race performance.Conclusions and clinical significanceStrong recommendation thatEIPHbe considered a disease and a weak recommendation for use of furosemide in management of racehorses withEIPH.
Statistical Measures for Usage‐Based Linguistics
Authors: Gries Stefan Th. , Ellis Nick C. 
Published: May 2015

The advent of usage‐/exemplar‐based approaches has resulted in a major change in the theoretical landscape of linguistics, but also in the range of methodologies that are brought to bear on the study oflanguage acquisition/learning, structure, and use. In particular, methods from corpus linguistics are now frequently used to study distributional characteristics of linguistics units and what they reveal about cognitive and psycholinguistic processes. This paper surveys a range of psycholinguistic notions that are becoming ever more important in theoretical and cognitive linguistics—for example, frequency, entrenchment, dispersion, contingency, surprisal, Zipfian distributions—and current corpus‐linguistic approaches toward exploring these notions and their roles for linguistic cognition.
Geochemical studies of impact breccias and country rocks from the El'gygytgyn impact structure, Russia
Authors: Raschke Ulli , Schmitt Ralf Thomas , McDonald Iain , Reimold Wolf Uwe , Mader Dieter , Koeberl Christian 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe complex impact structure El'gygytgyn (age 3.6 Ma, diameter 18 km) in northeastern Russia was formed in ~88 Ma old volcanic target rocks of the Ochotsk‐Chukotsky Volcanic Belt (OCVB). In 2009, El'gygytgyn was the target of a drilling project of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), and in summer 2011 it was investigated further by a Russian–German expedition. Drill core material and surface samples, including volcanic target rocks and impactites, have been investigated by various geochemical techniques in order to improve the record of trace element characteristics for these lithologies and to attempt to detect and constrain a possible meteoritic component. The bedrock units of the ICDP drill core reflect the felsic volcanics that are predominant in the crater vicinity. The overlying suevites comprise a mixture of all currently known target lithologies, dominated by felsic rocks but lacking a discernable meteoritic component based on platinum group element abundances. The reworked suevite, directly overlain by lake sediments, is not only comparatively enriched in shocked minerals and impact glass spherules, but also contains the highest concentrations of Os, Ir, Ru, and Rh compared to other El'gygytgyn impactites. This is—to a lesser extent—the result of admixture of a mafic component, but more likely the signature of a chondritic meteoritic component. However, the highly siderophile element contribution from target material akin to the mafic blocks of the ICDP drill core to the impactites remains poorly constrained.
Peripheral Microvascular Vasodilatory Response to Estradiol and Genistein in Women with Insulin Resistance
Authors: Wenner Megan M. , Taylor Hugh S. , Stachenfeld Nina S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveE2 enhances vasodilation in healthy women, but vascular effects of the phytoestrogen GEN are still under investigation. IR compromises microvascular function. We therefore examined the interaction of E2, GEN, and IR on microvascular vasodilatory responsiveness.MethodsWe hypothesized that E2 and GEN increase microvascular vasodilation in healthy women (control, n = 8, 23 ± 2 year, BMI: 25.9 ± 2.9 kg/m2) but not in women with IR (n = 7, 20 ± 1 year, BMI: 27.3 ± 3.0 kg/m2). We used the cutaneous circulation as a model of microvascular vasodilatory function. We determined CVC with laser Doppler flowmetry and beat‐to‐beat blood pressure during local cutaneous heating (42°C) with E2 or GEN microdialysis perfusions. Because heat‐induced vasodilation is primarily an NO‐mediated response, we examined microvascular vasodilation with and without L‐NMMA.ResultsIn C, E2 enhanced CVC (94.4 ± 2.6% vs. saline 81.6 ± 4.2% CVCmax, p < 0.05), which was reversed with L‐NMMA (80.9 ± 7.8% CVCmax, p < 0.05), but GEN did not affect vasodilation. Neither E2 nor GEN altered CVC in IR, although L‐NMMA attenuated CVC during GEN.ConclusionsOur study does not support improved microvascular responsiveness during GEN exposure in healthy young women, and demonstrates that neither E2 nor GEN improves microvascular vasodilatory responsiveness in women with IR.
Performance of lateral flow device and galactomannan for the detection of Aspergillus species in bronchoalveolar fluid of patients at risk for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Miceli Marisa H. , Goggins Michael I. , Chander Pranay , Sekaran Archana K. , Kizy Anne E. , Samuel Linoj , Jiang Hui , Thornton Christopher R. , Ramesh Mayur , Alangaden George 
Published: May 2015

SummaryEarly diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) remains difficult due to the variable performance of the tests used. We compared the performance characteristics of Aspergillus lateral flow device (LFD) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) vs. BAL‐galactomannan (GM), for the diagnosis of IPA. 311 BAL specimens were prospectively collected from patients who underwent bronchoscopy from January to May 2013. Patients at risk for IPA were divided into haematological malignancy (HEM) and non‐HEM groups: solid organ transplants (SOT) (lung transplant (LT) and non‐LT SOT); chronic steroid use (CSU); solid tumour (STU) and others. We identified 96 patients at risk for IPA; 89 patients (93%) were in the non‐HEM groups: SOT 57 (LT, 46, non‐LT SOT, 11); CSU 21; STU 6, other 5. Only three patients met criteria for IA (two probable; one possible). Overall sensitivity (SS) was 66% for both and specificity (SP) was 94% vs. 52% for LFD and GM respectively. LFD and GM performance was similar in the HEM group (SS 100% for both and SP 83% vs. 100% respectively). LFD performance was better than GM among non‐HEM SOT patients (P = 0.02). Most false‐positive GM results occurred in the SOT group (50.8%), especially among LT patients (56.5%). LFD performance was superior with an overall SP of 95.6% in SOT (P < 0.002) and 97% in LT patients (P = 0.0008). LFD is a rapid and simple test that can be performed on BAL to rule out IPA.
Doping of Zinc Oxide with Selected First Row Transition Metals for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Schelonka Darina , Tolasz Jakub , Štengl Václav 
Published: May 2015

AbstractZnO doped with Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu was prepared by homogeneous hydrolysis of sulfates with urea. The samples were annealed at various temperatures and characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, UV/VIS reflectance spectroscopy, BET (Brunauer‐Emmet‐Teller) surface area and porosity measurements. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by measuring the degradation of an organic dye Reactive Black 5. The morphology of the samples was determined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. For the Cu‐doped ZnO sample, EPR spectra were obtained. All samples annealed at 800°C contained hexagonal ZnO. In the VIS region, the best photocatalytic performance had the ZnO samples doped with Cr, Fe and Cu.