bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type of surgery is associated with pain and walking difficulties among older people with previous hip fracture
Authors: Salpakoski Anu , Kallinen Mauri , Kiviranta Ilkka , Alen Markku , Portegijs Erja , Jämsen Esa , Ylinen Jari , Rantanen Taina , Sipilä Sarianna 
Published: July 2015

AimThe aim was to assess the level of lower body pain among people with previous femoral neck fracture, and whether the type of surgery was associated with pain and physical function a mean of 2 years after surgery.MethodsThe study included 115 community‐dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older with previous femoral neck fracture, and 31 reference subjects without previous lower limb injuries. A total of 30 patients had internal fixation surgery, 70 had hemiarthroplasty and 15 had total hip replacement. All patients had surgery in the same hospital and received typical inpatient rehabilitation. From 1.6 months to 7.5 years after the fracture, the patients underwent examination including clinical evaluation, measurements of pain in the lower body (visual analog scale), physical function (maximal walking speed,TimedUp &Go,BergBalanceScale) and self‐reported walking difficulties.ResultsHip fracture patients reported more pain (81 ± 88 mm) compared with the reference group (25 ± 39 mm,P = 0.004). Patients with internal fixation reported significantly more pain than the other study groups. Significantly more patients with internal fixation (53%) reported walking difficulties compared with patients who had hemiarthroplasty (29%,P = 0.028) or total hip replacement (13%,P = 0.018). No significant difference was observed in performance‐based physical function between the fracture groups, but participants in the reference group had better physical function than any of the fracture groups.ConclusionsHip fracture patients treated with internal fixation experienced more pain and walking difficulties than the hemiarthroplasty and total hip replacement groups. Different types of surgical fixation might require different rehabilitation and pain management strategies after hip fracture.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; ●●: ●●–●●.
An Experimenting Field Approach for the Numerical Solution of Multiphase Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Salama Amgad , Sun Shuyu , Bao Kai 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this work, we apply the experimenting pressure field technique to the problem of the flow of two or more immiscible phases in porous media. In this technique, a set of predefined pressure fields are introduced to the governing partial differential equations. This implies that the velocity vector field and the divergence at each cell of the solution mesh can be determined. However, since none of these fields is the true pressure field entailed by the boundary conditions and/or the source terms, the divergence at each cell will not be the correct one. Rather the residue which is the difference between the true divergence and the calculated one is obtained. These fields are designed such that these residuals are used to construct the matrix of coefficients of the pressure equation and the right‐hand side. The experimenting pressure fields are generated in the solver routine and are fed to the different routines, which may be called physics routines, which return to the solver the elements of the matrix of coefficients. Therefore, this methodology separates the solver routines from the physics routines and therefore results in simpler, easy to construct, maintain, and update algorithms.
Central venous access device (CVAD) complications in Haemophilia with inhibitors undergoing immune tolerance induction: Lessons from the international immune tolerance study
Authors: Rodriguez V. , Mancuso M. E. , Warad D. , Hay C. R. M. , DiMichele D. M. , Valentino L. , Kenet G. , Kulkarni R. 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionCentral venous access devices (CVADs) are frequently required as stable long‐lasting venous access in children with haemophilia, especially those requiring immune tolerance induction (ITI) for inhibitors. CVAD infection is one of the most frequently reported catheter‐related complications in this patient population.AimDetailed review of CVAD complications from the International ITI (I‐ITI) study and analysis of potential risk factors for such complications.MethodsRetrospective analysis of prospectively obtained data from the I‐ITI study primarily focused on CVAD‐related complications.ResultsA total of 115 children were recruited and 183 CVADs were placed in 99 subjects resulting in 121,206 CVAD‐days observed on‐study. A total of 124 CVAD infections were reported in 41 of 99 (41%) subjects with an overall infection rate of 0.94 per 1000 CVAD‐days (interquartile ranges 0–1.7). A similar number of infections were observed in the two treatment arms (median: 2 and 3 in high dose and low dose respectively). Infections occurred more frequently in the presence of external catheters than with fully implanted catheters (P = 0.026). Infected patients were significantly younger at the time of CVAD insertion (median age: 22 vs. 25 months, P = 0.020). Patients with Gram‐positive infections were also significantly younger than those with Gram‐negative infections (median age: 17 vs. 25 months, P < 0.0001).ConclusionCVAD infection was the most common complication observed in children with severe haemophilia and inhibitors in the frame of the I‐ITI study. Younger age at CVAD insertion and external CVAD were associated with higher risk for infection. ITI outcome was unaffected by CVAD infections.
Sumatriptan Iontophoretic Transdermal System Reduces Treatment‐Emergent Nausea and Is Effective in Patients With and Without Nausea at Baseline – Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bigal Marcelo E. , Lipton Richard B. , Newman Lawrence C. , Pierce Mark W. , Silberstein Stephen D. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that sumatriptan iontophoretic transdermal system (TDS) is associated with lower rates of treatment‐emergent nausea (TEN) relative to placebo, as well as to compare the efficacy of sumatriptan TDS in migraineurs with or without nausea at baseline.MethodsParticipants of a double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group, single‐attack, placebo‐controlled study conducted at 38 sites in the United States were analyzed. Participants who treated their migraine attacks while nausea‐free were identified. The primary endpoint was TEN over 24 hours post‐treatment contrasting both treatment groups and it was assessed by regression analyses using generalized estimating equations. Secondary endpoint was headache response as a function of presence of nausea, assessed by generalized linear model.ResultsA total of 130 participants free of nausea at baseline were treated with sumatriptan TDS, while 109 participants free of nausea at baseline were treated with placebo TDS. The occurrence of TEN over 24 hours post‐treatment was significantly lower with the sumatriptan TDS than with placebo (P = .0011). These differences were statistically significant at 1 hour (13.8% vs 9.2%, P < .01), 2 hours (13.8% vs 4.6% P < .001) and 3 hours (13.8% vs 8.5% P < .01). The efficacy of sumatriptan TDS was similar regardless of the presence or absence of nausea at baseline for all clinical parameters.ConclusionSumatriptan TDS is not associated with the emergence of nausea in migraineurs without nausea. It is equally effective in participants with or without nausea at the time of treatment.
Association of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease with impaired endothelial function by flow‐mediated dilation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fan Yu , Wei Feifei , Zhou Yongjing , Zhang Heng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimEndothelial dysfunction was observed in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the extent of endothelial function impairment in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.MethodsWe systematically searched through the PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases for studies dated up to January 2015. All observational studies that compared endothelial function between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and healthy controls were included. Endothelial function was measured by brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation and nitrate‐induced dilatation techniques.ResultsEleven observational studies were identified. Meta‐analysis indicated that non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients were associated with a reduction in brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (weighted mean difference, –4.82%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –5.63 to –4.00) compared with the healthy controls. Subgroup analysis indicated that the patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis or a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m2 appeared to have a greater reduction in their flow‐mediated dilation. However, no significant differences were observed in the nitrate‐induced dilation (weighted mean difference, –0.4%; 95% confidence interval, –2.19 to 1.39).ConclusionNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with a greater risk of endothelial dysfunction as indicated by the decreased brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation. Assessment of endothelial function may be recommended to identify subclinical atherosclerosis and to create subgroups of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients who are at higher risk of future cardiovascular events.
Early to Middle Miocene rotational tectonics of the Ou Backbone Range, northeast Japan
Authors: Hosoi Jun , Okada Makoto , Gokan Tomohiro , Amano Kazuo , Martin Andrew James 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIt is well known that a counterclockwise rotation occurred in the Miocene in northeast Japan. However, the detailed timing and mechanism of the rotation has been debated. Moreover, there has been no research about the relationship between rotational tectonics and the evolution of sedimentary basins. We carried out paleomagnetic and rock magnetic analyses in Nishiwaga Town, Iwate Prefecture, northeast Japan, where the stratigraphy and sedimentary basin formation have previously been clarified. We found that there was a counterclockwise rotational movement of about 45° at about 15 Ma. From our results and previous studies on the tectonics and sedimentary basin development, we are able to ascertain the following tectonic history and sedimentary basin evolution in this area: (i) before the rotational movement, sandstone and mudstone were deposited in a tranquil environment with no volcanic activity coupled with slow tectonic subsidence; (ii) between 16.4–15.1 Ma and 14 Ma, a counterclockwise rotation occurred with rapid tectonic subsidence and continuous explosive volcanism; (iii) at about 14 Ma, the counterclockwise rotation ended and there was a reduction in both subsidence and volcanism. This result shows the impact that rotational tectonics can have on sedimentary basin formation.
Patterns in departure phenology and mass gain on African non‐breeding territories prior to theSahara crossing in a long‐distance migrant
Authors: Risely Alice , Blackburn Emma , Cresswell Will 
Published: July 2015

Afro‐Palaearctic migrants are declining to a greater degree than other European species, suggesting that processes occurring inAfrica or on migration may be driving these trends. Constraints on food availability on the wintering grounds may contribute to these declines but little is known about when and where these resource constraints may occur. Sufficient resources are particularly important prior to spring migration, when migrants must cross the Sahara Desert. We examined mass gain and departure phenology in a long‐distance Palaearctic passerine migrant to determine the degree to which pre‐migratory fattening occurs in their long‐term non‐breeding territories in theGuineaSavannah region ofAfrica. We monitored 75WhinchatsSaxicola rubetrafor departure from their non‐breeding territories in one spring, and analysed mass data of 377 Whinchats collected over three non‐breeding seasons plus 141 migratingWhinchats caught inApril over 8 years, all within the same few square kilometres of human‐modifiedGuineaSavannah in centralNigeria.Whinchats left their winter territories throughoutApril, with males departing on average 8 days earlier than females. However, there was no evidence that time of departure from territory was linked to age, body size or mass at capture. Whinchats departed their territories with a predicted mass of 16.8 ± 0.3 g, considerably less than thec. 24 g required for the average Whinchat to cross the Sahara directly. Comparing departure dates with arrival dates in southern Europe showed a discrepancy of at least 2 weeks, suggesting that manyWhinchats spend considerable time on pre‐migratory fuelling outside their winter territory prior to crossing theSahara. Overwintering birds gained mass slowly duringFebruary andMarch (0.03 g/day), and non‐territorial or migrating birds at a much higher rate inApril (at least 0.23 g/day), with up to 20% of migratingWhinchats inApril potentially having sufficient fuel loads to cross the Sahara directly from centralNigeria. Our results suggest that mostWhinchats leave their winter territories to fatten up locally or, possibly, by staging further north, closer to the southern limit of theSahara. Resource constraints are therefore likely to be particularly focused inWestAfrica during mid‐April and possibly at staging areas before the crossing of theSaharaDesert.
The influence of hair lipids in ethnic hair properties
Authors: Martí M. , Barba C. , Manich A. M. , Rubio L. , Alonso C. , Coderch L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveBiochemical studies have mainly focused on the composition of hair. African hair exhibited lower moisturization and less radial swelling when flushing with water compared with Asian or Caucasian hair, and they assumed a possible lipid differentiation among human populations. This study consists in the lipid characterization of different ethnic hairs (Caucasian, Asian and African hairs) and the influence of these lipids in different hair properties such as humidity and mechanical properties. Evaluation of water sorption and desorption of the different ethnic hairs and with and without lipids is also studied mainly to determine permeation changes of the keratin fibres.MethodsExtractions of exogenous and endogenous lipids with different organic solvents were performed; lipid analysis and its quantification using thin‐layer chromatography coupled to an automated flame ionization detector (TLC/FID) were performed. Absorption and desorption curves were obtained in a thermogravimetric balance equipped with a controlled humidity chamber, the Q5000SA Sorption Analyzer (TA Instruments, New Castle, IL, U.S.A.). Also, mechanical properties (breaking stress and breaking elongation) were analysed using a computer programmable dynamometer (Instron 5500R).ResultsLipid extraction showed the highest amount of total lipids for the African hair which may come from external sebaceous lipids compared with Asian or Caucasian hair. Caucasian fibres were found to be the most hydrated fibre, and a decrease in moisture was found in the extracted fibres, again, which is more important for the Caucasian hair. A superior lineal mass was found for the Asian fibres which supported their higher strength. The results obtained from the analysis of the mechanical properties of delipidized fibres indicate a surprising increase in the strength of African and Caucasian fibres. Perhaps this increase in strength could be related to the humidity decrease in lipid‐extracted hair fibres.Results of water uptake and desorption indicate that Asian and Caucasian hairs present the lower diffusion coefficients compared with the African ones.At least for the African fibre, an extraction of its lipids that mainly account for apolar lipids ameliorates the fibre structure, decreasing its permeability to water and increasing its tensile strength.ConclusionThe ethnic hairs were assessed related to their lipid composition, and some differences between them were found in terms of water uptake and mechanical properties.
Novel D323G mutation of DSG4 gene in a girl with localized autosomal recessive hypotrichosis clinically overlapped with monilethrix
Authors: Wang Jia‐Man , Xiao Yu‐Juan , Liang Yan‐Hua 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundLocalized autosomal recessive hypotrichosis (LAH) is an inherited rare disease caused by DSG4 mutations, characterized by short, sparse, brittle hair affecting restricted areas such as the scalp, trunk, and extremities. To date, DSG4 mutations have been reported in 14 pedigrees of LAH overlapping with monilethrix.MethodsTo clarify the etiology of hair defects for a 2‐year‐old Chinese girl, peripheral blood, skin, and hair samples were collected, and skin immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy (scanning and transmission types), Vivascope confocal microscopy, and DSG4 sequencing were investigated.ResultsThe patient presented sparse hairs of various length and follicular hyperkeratotic papules. Eyebrows and lashes were also involved (broke or shed). The biopsy specimen revealed curled ingrown hair shafts within the hair follicle and keratin‐filled hair follicles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed hair cuticle loosely and irregularly arranged, as well as a marked warping, curling, cracking, and detachment of hair cuticle. Transmission electron microscopy indicated notable dysadhesion between cells of the outer root sheath. A homozygous mutation A1103G in exon 8 of DSG4 was identified in the patient, resulting in the substitution of an aspartic acid by glycine (D323G) and reduced DSG4 expression in the affected scalp epidermis.ConclusionsThe homozygous A1103G mutation in DSG4 was responsible for the disease development.
Advances in sentinel node dissection in prostate cancer from a technical perspective
Authors: Acar Cenk , Kleinjan Gijs H , van den Berg Nynke S , Wit Esther MK , van Leeuwen Fijs WB , van der Poel Henk G 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe most important feature of sentinel node biopsy for prostate cancer procedure is that staging can be improved. Sentinel nodes might be found outside the extended pelvic lymph node dissection template what renders the sentinel node additive of extended pelvic lymph node dissection. At the same time, staging within the template can be further refined. We reviewed the literature regarding the sentinel node biopsy procedure for prostate cancer. PubMed and Embase were searched for all English‐language publications from January 1999 to September 2014 by using the keywords as “prostate cancer” and “sentinel lymph node” plus “biopsy” “dissection” and/or “procedure.” The present review discusses step‐by‐step sentinel node biopsy for prostate cancer. Topics of discussion are: (i) preoperative sentinel node mapping (tracers and imaging); (ii) intraoperative sentinel node identification (surgical procedure and outcome); and (iii) novelties to improve sentinel node identification (pre‐ and intraoperative approaches). Conventional sentinel node mapping is carried out after the injection of a 99mTc‐based tracer and subsequent preoperative imaging; for example, lymphoscintigraphy and single‐photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography. This approach allowed the detection of sentinel nodes outside the extended lymph node dissection template in 3.6–36% of men with intermediate‐ and high‐risk prostate cancer. Hereby, an overall false negative rate of sentinel nodes was reported between 0% and 24.4%. To further refine the intraoperative sampling procedure, novel imaging methods such as fluorescence imaging have been introduced. Prospective randomized comparison studies are required to confirm the added benefit of sentinel template directed nodal dissection. A proper and obtainable end‐point of such a study could be the number of removed positive nodes for carrying out nodal dissection with or without sentinel template directed dissection. Similarly, the clinical impact of novel imaging technologies requires further investigation.
Systematic review of lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia surgical treatments on men's ejaculatory function: Time for a bespoke approach?
Authors: Marra Giancarlo , Sturch Paul , Oderda Marco , Tabatabaei Shahin , Muir Gordon , Gontero Paolo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough ejaculatory dysfunction is common for patients undergoing benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery, no clear evidence is present to counsel men seeking to preserve ejaculation. Our aim was to evaluate ejaculatory dysfunction in relation to benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery. We carried out a web and manual search using MEDLINE and Embase including randomized controlled trials reporting ejaculatory dysfunction after benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery: 42 randomized controlled trials comprising a total of 3857 patients were included. Only one study had ejaculatory dysfunction as a primary outcome, and just 10 evaluated ejaculatory dysfunction before and after surgery. The definition of ejaculatory dysfunction was not standardized. Similarly, just seven studies used internationally validated questionnaires to address ejaculatory dysfunction. The reported rates of ejaculatory dysfunction after resectional elecrosurgery, laser procedures, coagulation, ablation and implant techniques were assessed and compared. Transurethral resection of the prostate and recent laser procedures including holmium, thulium and GreenLight cause similar rates of ejaculatory dysfunction, occurring in almost three out of four to five men. Although providing less symptomatic benefit compared with transurethral resection of the prostate, transurethral incision of the prostate, transurethral needle ablation and transurethral microwave thermotherapy should be considered for men aiming to maintain normal ejaculation. UroLift is also a recent promising option for this category of patients. The vast majority of studies reporting ejaculatory dysfunction after benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery used poor methodology to investigate this complication. Future studies able to address clear hypothesis and considering ejaculatory dysfunction anatomical and pathophysiological features are required to develop ejaculation preserving techniques and to increase the evidence to counsel men aiming to preserve ejaculation.
Effect of Binder Composition on WC Grain Growth in Cemented Carbides
Authors: Pellan Maxime , Lay Sabine , Missiaen Jean‐Michel , Norgren Susanne , Angseryd Jenny , Coronel Ernesto , Persson Tomas 
Published: July 2015

In this work, the effects of cobalt content and C/W ratio on grain growth are studied, in order to better understand the mechanisms. Powder compacts were sintered at 1410°C for 1 and 5 h. The relative contribution of carbide dissolution in the binder and grain growth for the evolution of the size distribution is discussed. Grain size measurements were made with the Electron BackScattered Diffraction technique. The distribution of 2D equivalent disk diameters was converted in a distribution of 3D equivalent sphere diameters, with the Saltykov method. High cobalt content favors grain growth in W‐rich samples whereas it has a slight influence on C‐rich samples. But still grain growth is significantly faster in C‐rich samples. Variation in the D90/D10 ratio indicates a tendency to abnormal growth, with a broadening of the size distribution between 1 and 5 h, favored by high binder content.