bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Insights into Phenol Oxidation by a Copper(II) Complex of a Pyridine‐ and Amide‐Containing Copolymer in an Aqueous Medium
Authors: Lykourinou Vasiliki , Ming Li‐June 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA CuII complex of a pyridine‐ and amide‐containing copolymer (Cu‐P1) exhibits effective activity toward phenol hydroxylation in 50 % aqueous methanol solution at apparent pH 8.0 and 25 °C. The complex shows significant first‐order rate accelerations of 4.2 × 105 and 1.4 × 105 relative to phenol autoxidation in air and in the presence of 20 mM H2O2, respectively. The reaction mechanisms with H2O2 and air are different on the basis of (a) the different activity profiles for Cu binding, (b) the different deuterium kinetic isotope effects (2.8 in 20 mM H2O2 and 1.2 aerobically), and (c) the formation of a dinuclear substrate–(Cu‐P1) complex with H2O2 but a mononuclear one aerobically. The mechanism in the presence of H2O2 is consistent with that of the type‐3 dicopper tyrosinase. Although oxidized di‐CuII tyrosinase can only use H2O2 for phenol hydroxylation, CuII‐P1 can use either air or H2O2 for this process. The studies herein introduce a versatile chemical system for the further exploration of Cu–oxygen chemistry and other types of metal‐centered chemistry and for the aerobic degradation of aromatic compounds in environmental and green chemistry.
3d Metal Complexes Supported by a Bis(imidazolin‐2‐imino)pyridine Pincer Ligand – Synthesis, Structural Characterisation, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Filimon Sabina‐Alexandra , Petrovic Dejan , Volbeda Jeroen , Bannenberg Thomas , Jones Peter G. , Freiherr von Richthofen Carl‐Georg , Glaser Thorsten , Tamm Matthias 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe coordination chemistry of the tridentate pincer ligand TLtBu, which contains two electron‐rich imidazolin‐2‐imine moieties, has been explored. The reaction of TLtBu with metal dihalides gave complexes of the general formula [(TLtBu)MX2] (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; X = Cl, Br). These complexes were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis, which showed them to have different geometries in the solid state. Although [(TLtBu)MnCl2] (1) is best described as distorted square‐pyramidal, the complexes [(TLtBu)FeCl2] (2) and [(TLtBu)CoCl2] (3) show distorted tetrahedral geometries with the TLtBu ligand bound in a κ2 fashion and one of its imidazolin‐2‐imine fragments not coordinated to the metal atom. [(TLtBu)NiBr]Br (4) crystallizes with a slightly distorted square‐planar cation. The reaction of the triflate (OTf) salts [M(OTf)2·nMeCN] (M = Mn, n = 1; M = Fe, Co, n = 2; OTf = CF3SO3) with TLtBu resulted in [(TLtBu)M(OTf)][OTf] (M = Mn, 5; M = Fe, 6) and [(TLtBu)Co(NCMe)][OTf]2 (7). Complexes 6 and 7 were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis, and both showed distorted square‐planar geometries. Magnetic measurements of 5, 6 and 7 showed them to possess a S = 5/2, 2 and 1/2 ground states, respectively. The bromide ions in complex 4 were exchanged by reaction with AgBF4 to afford [(TLtBu)Ni(NCMe)][BF4]2 (8), which showed a distorted square‐planar geometry in the solid state. The reactions of 1 and 6 with AgOTf resulted in the oxidation of the complexes and the formation of [(TLtBu)MnCl(OTf)][OTf] (9) and [(TLtBu)Fe(OTf)2][OTf] (10), respectively. Complexes 9 and 10 both display distorted square‐pyramidal geometries in the solid state. The ground state of 10 was found to be S = 5/2 by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry measurements. The oxidation of 5, 6 and 7 with the iodosobenzene derivative (tBuSO2)C6H4IO was investigated. Although the reactions of 6 and 7 gave no evidence for the formation of transient oxo species, crystals were obtained from the reaction of 5. These crystals showed the formation of [TLtBu*Mn(OH)](OTf)2 (11), in which one of the tBu groups of the TLtBu ligand has undergone a C–H activation by a putative MnIV=O bond. The complex shows a distorted square‐pyramidal geometry in the solid state, and the carbon atom of the CH‐activated tBu group occupies the apical position.
Synthesis and Characterization of Diaminobisfuroxane
Authors: Fischer Dennis , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of 3,3′‐diamino‐4,4′‐bisfuroxane and its isomer 4,4′‐diamino‐3,3′‐bisfuroxane was explored for the first time. In addition, the structure of highly dense (2.007 g cm–3 at 100 K) and energetic 4,4′‐dinitro‐3,3′‐bisfuroxane was determined. The energetic properties of the compounds, including their thermal behavior and sensitivities, were determined, and their heat of formation and explosive properties were calculated.
No effects of hydrocortisone and dexamethasone on pain sensitivity in healthy individuals
Authors: Wingenfeld K. , Wolf S. , Kunz M. , Krieg J.‐C. , Lautenbacher S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere is some evidence that stress‐induced cortisol increase leads to a decrease in pain, while lowering cortisol levels enhances pain sensitivity, but no study has yet investigated both pharmacological enhancement and reduction of cortisol levels in the same individuals.MethodsFirstly, we tested in 16 healthy individuals whether the treatment with hydrocortisone and dexamethasone, respectively, results in altered pain thresholds. Secondly, we aimed to test whether hormone effects are different across the pain range by using ratings for pain stimuli with varying intensity; and thirdly, we tested whether cortisol levels influence the discrimination ability for painful stimuli.ResultsDespite substantial effects of dexamethasone and hydrocortisone administration on cortisol levels, no effect of these drugs was seen in terms of pain sensitivity (pain threshold, pain rating, pain discrimination ability), although comprehensively examined. However, in the placebo condition, a significant negative correlation between cortisol and pain thresholds was seen. Similarly, there were also strong negative associations between cortisol levels in the placebo condition and pain thresholds after drug treatment (especially after hydrocortisone).ConclusionThese findings suggest that short‐term variations of cortisol do not influence pain sensitivity whereas, in general, high levels of cortisol are associated with increased pain sensitivity, at least for weak to moderate stimuli.
The role of pain‐related anxiety in adolescents' disability and social impairment: ALSPAC data
Authors: Caes L. , Fisher E. , Clinch J. , Tobias J.H. , Eccleston C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety, in particular pain‐related anxiety, plays an important role in explaining the severity of pain complaints and pain‐related disability in both adults and children with chronic pain. The fear‐avoidance model (FAM) describes how pain‐related anxiety plays a critical role in the maintenance of pain‐avoidance behaviour, which in turn influences pain‐related disability. However, the FAM does not take into account broader aspects of adolescence, such as social functioning, which could be negatively impacted by anxiety. In addition, most studies examining the role of anxiety in pain have used small convenience or clinical samples. By using a large UK epidemiological database, this study investigated the associations between pain‐related anxiety, disability and judgements of social impairment.MethodsParticipants (n = 856) with recurrent pain were selected from a larger epidemiological study (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) of adolescents attending a research clinic at the age of 17 (n = 5170). Adolescents completed a self‐report questionnaire on pain‐related anxiety, disability and perceived social impairment.ResultsHigh levels of pain‐related anxiety were associated with more disability. In girls, higher levels of pain‐related anxiety were also related to the self‐perception of greater impairment in social functioning compared with their peers.ConclusionsPain‐related anxiety was associated with greater pain‐related disability and impaired social functioning. Social functioning should be explored as an integral part of fear‐avoidance models of adolescent chronic pain.
Duty cycle control with joint optimisation of delay and energy efficiency for capillary machine‐to‐machine networks in 5G communication system
Authors: Li Yun , Chai Kok Keong , Chen Yue , Loo Jonathan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA hybrid network architecture has been proposed for machine‐to‐machine (M2M) communications in the fifth generation wireless systems, where M2M gateways connect the capillary networks and cellular networks. In this paper, we develop novel energy efficient and end‐to‐end delay duty cycle control scheme for controllers at the gateway and the capillary networks coordinator. We first formulate a duty cycle control problem with joint‐optimisation of energy consumption and end‐to‐end delay. Then, a distributed duty cycle control scheme is proposed. The proposed scheme consists of two parts (i) a transmission policy, which decides the optimal number of packets to be transmitted between M2M devices, coordinators and gateways; and (ii) a duty cycle control for IEEE 802.15.4. We analytically derived the optimal duty cycle control and developed algorithms to compute the optimal duty cycle. It is to increase the feasibility of implementing the control on computation‐limited devices where a suboptimal low complexity rollout algorithm‐based duty cycle control (RADutyCon) is proposed. The simulation results show that RADutyCon achieves an exponential reduction of the computation complexity as compared with that of the optimal duty cycle control. The simulation results show that RADutyCon performs close to the optimal control, and it performs no worse than the heuristic base control. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quadrature spatial modulation–performance analysis and impact of imperfect channel knowledge
Authors: Mesleh Raed , Ikki Salama S. , Aggoune Hadi M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this paper, a new multiple‐input multiple‐output transmission technique called quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) is proposed and analyzed in the presence of imperfect channel estimation at the receiver. In QSM, conventional spatial constellation diagram of spatial modulation (SM) system is expanded to include both in‐phase and quadrature components. As such, significant enhancement in the overall spectral efficiency is achieved while retaining all inherent advantages of SM technique, such as inter‐channel interference avoidance, single radio frequency chain transmitter and low receiver complexity. It is shown that significant performance enhancements can be achieved as compared with SM, Alamouti, and spatial multiplexing systems. Besides, the impact of Gaussian imperfect channel estimation on the performance of QSM system is studied. A closed‐form expression for the pairwise error probability of generic QSM system is derived and used to calculate a tight upper bound of the average bit error probability over Rayleigh fading channels with perfect and imperfect channel knowledge. Also, simple asymptotic expression is derived and analyzed. Obtained Monte Carlo simulation results highlight the accuracy of the conducted analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topographical extracellular matrix cues on anticancer drug‐induced cytotoxicity in stem cells
Authors: Kim Jangho , Kim Yeon Ju , Bae Won‐Gyu , Jang Kyung‐Jin , Lim Ki Taek , Choung Pill‐Hoon , Choung Yun‐Hoon , Chung Jong Hoon 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn recent years, cell chip‐based platforms have begun to show promise as a means of corroborating the findings of in vivo animal tests for cytotoxicity, and perhaps in the future partially replacing the need for such animal models. In contrast to the conventional culture methods, micro‐ and nanofabrication techniques can be utilized to provide a set of mechanostimulatory signals to the cells that mimic the context of extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissue in which a particular cell line resides. Here, we report periodic lateral topographic striations, with a pitch ranging approximately from 200 to 800 nm with an intention to mimic a common geometry of fibrils in the ECM such as collagen or elastin, as a platform for investigating anticancer drug‐induced cytotoxicity in stem cells. The ECM cues could facilitate perimeter, elongation, and gap junction formation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which eventually influenced the fate of cells in terms of death and survival against the common chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Interestingly, the appropriate inhibition of gap junctions of MSCs on the ECM mimicking substrates could prevent the cisplatin–induced cytotoxicity through the inhibition of the cisplatin‐induced ‘death signal communication' as compared to that on the flat substrates. Our results imply that nanoscale topography is an important consideration for chip‐based cytotoxicity assays, which uniquely enable the consideration and rational design of ECM‐like topographic features, and furthermore, that the natural topography of the ECM in the context of stem cell niches may serve as an important indicator for chemotherapeutic agent sensitivity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1320–1327, 2015.
Finite 2‐Geodesic Transitive Graphs of Prime Valency
Authors: Devillers Alice , Jin Wei , Li Cai Heng , Praeger Cheryl E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe classify noncomplete prime valency graphs satisfying the property that their automorphism group is transitive on both the set of arcs and the set of 2‐geodesics. We prove that either Γ is 2‐arc transitive or the valency p satisfies , and for each such prime there is a unique graph with this property: it is a nonbipartite antipodal double cover of the complete graph with automorphism group and diameter 3.
Technical tips and troubleshooting of endoscopic biliary drainage for unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Kawakami Hiroshi , Itoi Takao , Kuwatani Masaki , Kawakubo Kazumichi , Kubota Yoshimasa , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: November 2014

Abstract Unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) occurs in various diseases, such as cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and lymph node metastasis of the hilum of the liver. The majority of patients with advanced MHBO are not candidates for surgical resection because of the tumor location in the hepatic hilum and adjacent areas, advanced tumor stage, or comorbidities. Therefore, these patients often have a poor prognosis in terms of survival and quality of life. Most of these patients will require non‐surgical, palliative biliary drainage. To date, various biliary drainage techniques for unresectable MHBO (UMHBO) have been reported. Of these techniques, endoscopic biliary drainage is currently considered to be the most safe and minimally invasive procedure. However, endoscopic biliary drainage for UMHBO is still not standardized regarding the optimal stent, drainage area, stenting method, and reintervention technique. Recently, towards standardization of this technique for UMHBO, clinical research and trials including randomized controlled trials have been performed. In this article, we reviewed the most important issues regarding endoscopic biliary drainage for UMHBO, focusing on prospective studies. We also described in detail the techniques and future perspectives of endoscopic biliary drainage in patients with UMHBO.
Influence of carbon monoxide on the colour stability of defrosted yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) muscle stored under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Authors: Neethling Nikki E , Hoffman Louwrens C , Britz Trevor J , O'Neill Bernadette 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of carbon monoxide (CO) and various packaging types has been suggested to improve/stabilise the colour and oxidative processes of red meats, thereby improving the retail value and revenue. The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of packaging type and CO treatment on the colour and oxidative stability of tuna.RESULTSThe addition of CO significantly increased the redness (a*) of the tuna steaks but the redness was not equally stable for all treatments. The aerobically packaged steaks showed a temporal decrease in redness while the redness of anaerobically packaged steaks remained relatively stable. The addition of CO did not significantly affect (P >0.05) the brownness (b*) (with one exception) and lightness (L*) of the steaks. The anaerobically packaged steaks showed a significant difference (P <0.05) in the b* values. No significant differences (P >0.05) in lipid or protein oxidation were observed between treatments. The aerobically packaged steaks had a significant temporal increase (P <0.05) in lipid oxidation while no such trend was apparent in the anaerobically packaged steaks. Protein oxidation remained relatively stable over time for both aerobically and anaerobically packaged steaks.CONCLUSIONStoring CO treated tuna steaks in anaerobic packaging can improve the oxidative and colour stability of tuna. Such treatment can reduce spoilage and wastage thereby potentially increasing revenue. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
CT arteriography and venography in the evaluation of Pulsatile tinnitus with normal otoscopic examination
Authors: Mundada Pravin , Singh Arvind , Lingam Ravi K. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisOur retrospective study aims to assess the ability of computed tomography arteriography and venography (CT A/V) to detect various findings that suggest a potential cause of pulsatile tinnitus and to examine the association between these findings and the side of pulsatile tinnitus.Study DesignA retrospective review of CT arteriography and venography of 32 patients with established pulsatile tinnitus and normal otoscopic examination was performed. The scans were performed using a 64‐slice multidetector scanner and were reviewed to look for findings that are known to cause pulsatile tinnitus.ResultsOne or more findings that are known to cause pulsatile tinnitus were detected on the symptomatic side in 30 patients; on the asymptomatic side in 3 patients, one patient with bilateral pulsatile tinnitus showed a potential cause of symptoms only on one side, and in one patient no potential cause could be identified. There is a significant association seen between the side of pulsatile tinnitus and various potential causes of pulsatile tinnitus detected (P < 0.001), between the side of pulsatile tinnitus and various potential venous cause detected (P < 0.001), and between the side of pulsatile tinnitus and the side of dominant venous system (P = 0.02).ConclusionCT arteriography and venography is a useful tool in detecting many described potential causes of pulsatile tinnitus. Significant association is demonstrated between the side of pulsatile tinnitus and the potential causes of pulsatile tinnitus detected by CT arteriography and venography when the otoscopic examination is normal.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:979–984, 2015
Analysis of Land use and Land Cover Changes in the Coastal Area of Bangladesh using Landsat Imagery
Authors: Islam M. Rafiqul , Miah M. Giashuddin , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCoastal land use across the globe has experienced remarkable rapid change over the recent decades because of extraordinary anthropogenic pressure and climate variability and change. Therefore, quantitative information about coastal land use change is imperative for effective management and planning resources for sustainable development. We analysed the quantitative land use and land cover changes during 1989–2000–2010 periods in three important agroecological zones of the most vulnerable coastal region of Bangladesh using Landsat images (Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus). In the Ganges Tidal Floodplain, the area under shrimp cultivation greatly increased at the rate of 2·05% per annum. The majority of the shrimp area gained from conversion of single cropland. In the Meghna Estuarine Floodplain, decreased mudflat and water bodies were observed, which was predominantly converted into cropland. In Chittagong Coastal Plain, salt pan–shrimp area increased with the expense of single and/or double cropland. In all the study areas, settlement area considerably increased over time. The dynamics of land use change have been attributed to low and unstable food production in the coastal region. The approach adopted in study and the results obtained from the study would likely be useful for policy making and identifying direction for future studies on the coastal land use in Bangladesh. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oil‐soluble lithium salts as novel lubricant additives towards improving conductivity and tribological performance of bentone grease
Authors: Fan Xiaoqiang , Wang Liping , Xia Yanqiu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe tribological and conductive properties of three kinds of lithium salts (LiBF4, LiPF6 and LiNTf2) as lubricating additives in bentone grease were investigated in detail. As compared with the bentone‐based grease, the lithium salts as its additives not only provide excellent tribological properties but also greatly improve the load‐carrying capacity and electrical conductivity. These benefits are strongly dependent on the formation of a versatile boundary lubricating film and ion diffusion of lithium salts through an external electric field effect. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micellization of Antineoplastic Agent to Significantly Upregulate Efficacy and Security
Authors: Li Chen , Xu Weiguo , Ding Jianxun , Zhang Ying , Wang Jincheng , Zhuang Xiuli , Chen Xuesi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe amphiphilic diblock copolymer composed of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) and racemic oligoleucine was synthesized which formed into micelle with uniform size in aqueous environment. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into micelle aided by noncovalent interactions with high drug loading efficiency. The DOX‐loaded micelle (referred as M‐DOX) demonstrated the sustained drug release in vitro and excellent antiproliferative capability toward both MG63 and Saos‐2 cells. Furthermore, for both MG63 and Saos‐2‐xenografted BALB/c nude mouse models, M‐DOX exhibited enhanced intratumoral distribution, improved antitumor efficacy, and reduced side effects compared with free DOX. Therefore, the polypeptide micelle showed a bright prospect for controlled delivery of antitumor drugs in vivo.
Stimuli‐Induced Core–Corona Inversion of Micelle of Poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and Its Application in Drug Delivery
Authors: Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad , Guragain Sudhina , Nakashima Kenichi , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: November 2014

Core–corona inversion of micelles of diblock copolymer poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PAA‐b‐PNIPAM), has been successfully realized by switching either pH or temperature. The strong interaction of doxorubicin with the PAA block and the pH‐sensitive drug release from the polymer make the system very useful as a controlled drug delivery system. The encapsulation of hydrophobic Nile Red molecules above the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAM suggests that this polymer may be useful for removing hydrophobic pollutants.
image