bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of parental oral health knowledge and behaviors among American Indians of a Northern Plains tribe
Authors: Wilson Anne , Brega Angela G. , Batliner Terrence S. , Henderson William , Campagna Elizabeth J. , Fehringer Karen , Gallegos Joaquin , Daniels Dallas , Albino Judith 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesInvestigate the relationship between sociodemographic variables and oral health knowledge and behaviors of American Indian (AI) parents as the initial step in a program aimed at reducing caries experience among AI children.MethodsSurvey data were collected from a sample of 147 AI parents of children ages 0‐7 years who are residents of a Northern Plains reservation. Questions addressed sociodemographic variables for parents/their children and parent oral health knowledge and behavior. Overall knowledge was measured as percentage of items answered correctly. Overall behavior was measured as percentage of items reflecting behavior consistent with accepted oral health recommendations. Oral health knowledge and behaviors, and the relationship between them, were evaluated across groups defined by quartiles.ResultsParent sociodemographic variables were not significantly associated with behavior scores. Female gender, higher level of education, and higher income were significantly and positively associated with mean knowledge scores. Behavior and knowledge scores were significantly correlated. On average, survey participants identified the best answer for 75 percent of knowledge items and engaged in 58 percent of optimal oral health behaviors. Participants in higher oral health knowledge quartiles had greater adherence with recommended oral health behaviors than those in lower quartiles.ConclusionsSurveyed AI parents had reasonably high levels of knowledge about oral health and caries prevention for their children but engaged at relatively lower levels in parental behaviors necessary to promote oral health. Strategies focused on behavior change, rather than knowledge alone, may be most likely to affect oral health outcomes for AI children.
Implication of novel bis-imidazopyridines for management of Alzheimer's disease and establishment of its role on protein phosphatase 2A activity in brain
Authors: Parekh Kauntay D , Dash Ranjeet Prasad , Pandya Amit N , Vasu Kamala K , Nivsarkar Manish 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to synthesize and identify potential leads for the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods
A series of bis-imidazopyridines were synthesized and assessed preclinically for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in aluminium chloride-induced rat model for AD. The two targets, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, hold a significant relevance in AD. The compounds were also screened for their role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity in brain which is responsible for tau dephosphorylation and alleviation of AD.

Key findings
The results of our study identified NIPERAMCD-KTB7 (dose: 50 mg/kg bodyweight, orally), as a potential molecule with good inhibitory activity in acute (67% oedema protection) as well as chronic (61% oedema protection) model of inflammation. This compound also showed good antioxidant activity as inferred from the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in rats at the dose mentioned above. More significantly, PP2A activity was found to be increased in the brains of the animals treated with NIPERAMCD-KTB7 suggesting its potential role in management of AD.

Conclusions
These preliminary findings indicate that NIPERAMCD-KTB7 holds potential to serve as a basic lead for further structural modification and development of other new chemical entities for combating AD.
Troubling ‘lived experience’: a post‐structural critique of mental health nursing qualitative research assumptions
Authors: Grant A. 
Published: October 2013

Accessible summary
This paper critiques conventional qualitative assumptions around ‘lived experience’ from a post‐structural qualitative inquiry perspective.
On the basis of this critique, it describes and discusses some broad emerging implications for qualitative inquiry in mental health nursing, identifying published work which illustrates these implications.
The paper ends with an outline of the arguable benefits of, and some challenges for, qualitative research in mental health nursing embracing post‐structural sensibilities.
AbstractQualitative studies in mental health nursing research deploying the ‘lived experience’ construct are often written on the basis of conventional qualitative inquiry assumptions. These include the presentation of the ‘authentic voice’ of research participants, related to their ‘lived experience’ and underpinned by a meta‐assumption of the ‘metaphysics of presence’. This set of assumptions is critiqued on the basis of contemporary post‐structural qualitative scholarship. Implications for mental health nursing qualitative research emerging from this critique are described in relation to illustrative published work, and some benefits and challenges for researchers embracing post‐structural sensibilities are outlined.
Effect of physical effectiveness on digestibility of ration for cows in early lactation
Authors: Stojanovic B. , Grubic G. , Djordjevic N. , Bozickovic A. , Ivetic A. , Davidovic V. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryA study was conducted to investigate the effects of a diet particle size on nutrient digestibility in cows in early lactation. Treatments were diets with forage to concentrate ratio 43:57% in diet dry matter, with four different physically effective fibres (peNDF) content based on different cut length of corn silage and alfalfa haylage. The physical effectiveness factors (pef) and peNDF content of TMRs (total mixed ration) were determined using Penn State Particle Separator (PSPS) with two (pef8.0, peNDF8.0) or three (pef1.18, peNDF1.18) sieves. The reducing of cut length of forages and particle size of diets did not affect on dry matter intake, while decreased peNDF intake by 16.34 and 8.83%, for peNDF8.0 and peNDF1.18 respectively. Apparent total tract digestibility of the nutrients was measured using two indicators: acid insoluble ash (AIA) and acid detergent insoluble lignin (ADL). Decreasing of forages cut length significantly increased apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) from 48.39% to 53.84% and from 53.9% to 58.66%, of crude protein from 73.96% to 79.24% and from 71.56% to 77.90%, with contemporary decreasing of non‐fibre carbohydrate from 90.89% to 84.81% and from 91.99% to 86.80%, with AIA or ADL as indicator respectively. Dietary value of net energy for lactation (NEL) and energy intake was not affected by the peNDF content of the diet.
Continuous hydrogen peroxide production by organic buffers in phytoplankton culture media
Authors: Jeffrey Morris J. , Zinser Erik R. 
Published: October 2013

We investigated the production of hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) in illuminated seawater media containing a variety of zwitterionic buffers. Production rates varied extensively among buffers, with 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) highest and N‐Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl‐3‐aminopropanesulfonic acid (TAPS) among the lowest. The rate of HOOH accumulation was remarkably consistent over many days, and increased linearly with buffer concentration, natural seawater concentration, and light level. Concentrations of HEPES commonly used in culture media (1–10 mM) generated enough HOOH to kill the axenic Prochlorococcus strain VOL1 during growth in enriched seawater media at lower, environmentally realistic cell concentrations and/or under high light exposure. We also demonstrated that HEPES can be used experimentally to study the biological effects of chronic exposure to sublethal levels of HOOH such as may be experienced by light‐exposed microorganisms.
Reactive oxygen species and theAntarctic macroalgal wound response
Authors: McDowell Ruth E. , Amsler Charles D. , Dickinson Dale A. , McClintock James B. , Baker Bill J. 
Published: October 2013

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are commonly produced by algal, vascular plant, and animal cells involved in the innate immune response as cellular signals promoting defense and healing and/or as a direct defense against invading pathogens. The production of reactive species in macroalgae upon injury, however, is largely uncharacterized. In this study, we surveyed 13 species of macroalgae from theWesternAntarcticPeninsula and show that the release of strong oxidants is common after macroalgal wounding. Most species released strong oxidants within 1 min of wounding and/or showed cellular accumulation of strong oxidants over an hour post‐wounding. Exogenous catalase was used to show that hydrogen peroxide was a component of immediate oxidant release in one of five species, but was not responsible for the entire oxidative wound response as is common in vascular plants. The other component(s) of the oxidant cocktail released upon wounding are unknown. We were unable to detect protein nitration in extracts of four oxidant‐producing species flash frozen 30 s after wounding, but a role for reactive nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite cannot be completely ruled out. Two species showed evidence for the production of a catalase‐activated oxidant, a mechanism previously known only from the laboratory and from the synthetic drug isoniazid used to kill the human pathogenMycobacterium tuberculosis. The rhodophytePalmaria decipiens, which released strong oxidants after wounding, also produced strong oxidants upon grazing by a sympatric amphipod, suggesting that oxidants are involved in the response to grazing.
Phylogenetic relationships, morphological variation, and toxin patterns in theAlexandrium ostenfeldii(Dinophyceae) complex: implications for species boundaries and identities
Authors: Kremp Anke , Tahvanainen Pia , Litaker Wayne , Krock Bernd , Suikkanen Sanna , Leaw Chui Pin , Tomas Carmelo 
Published: October 2013

Alexandrium ostenfeldii(Paulsen) Balech and Tangen andA. peruvianum(Balech and B.R. Mendiola) Balech and Tangen are morphologically closely related dinoflagellates known to produce potent neurotoxins. Together withGonyaulax dimorphaBiecheler, they constitute theA. ostenfeldiispecies complex. Due to the subtle differences in the morphological characters used to differentiate these species, unambiguous species identification has proven problematic. To better understand the species boundaries within theA. ostenfeldiicomplex we compared rDNAdata, morphometric characters and toxin profiles of multiple cultured isolates from different geographic regions. Phylogenetic analysis of rDNAsequences from cultures characterized asA. ostenfeldiiorA. peruvianumformed a monophyletic clade consisting of six distinct groups. Each group examined contained strains morphologically identified as eitherA. ostenfeldiiorA. peruvianum. Though key morphological characters were generally found to be highly variable and not consistently distributed, selected plate features and toxin profiles differed significantly among phylogenetic clusters. Additional sequence analyses revealed a lack of compensatory base changes inITS2 rRNAstructure, low to intermediateITS/5.8S uncorrected genetic distances, and evidence of reticulation. Together these data (criteria currently used for species delineation in dinoflagellates) imply that theA. ostenfeldiicomplex should be regarded a single genetically structured species until more material and alternative criteria for species delimitation are available. Consequently, we propose thatA. peruvianumis a heterotypic synonym ofA. ostenfeldiiand this taxon name should be discontinued.
Simvastatin inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced osteoclastogenesis and reduces alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontal disease
Authors: Jin J. , Zhang X. , Lu Z. , Li Y. , Lopes‐Virella M. F. , Yu H. , Haycraft C. J. , Li Q. , Kirkwood K.L. , Huang Y. 
Published: October 2013

Background and ObjectiveStatins are inhibitors of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and have anti‐inflammatory effects independent of cholesterol lowering. Recent clinical studies have indicated that statin intake has a beneficial effect on periodontal disease. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been well understood. In the current study, we employed a rat model with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced periodontal disease and determined the effect of simvastatin, a commonly prescribed statin, on osteoclastogenesis, gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss.Material and MethodsSprague–Dawley rats were injected with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans LPS in periodontal tissue three times per week for 8 wk and part of the rats with LPS injection were also given simvastatin via gavage. After the treatments, the rat maxillae were scanned by microcomputed tomography and the images were analyzed to determine alveolar bone loss. To explore the underlying mechanisms, the effect of simvastatin on osteoclastogenesis and gingival expression of proinflammatory cytokines were also determined by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining and real‐time polymerase chain reaction assays, respectively.ResultsResults showed that LPS treatment markedly increased bone loss, but administration of simvastatin significantly alleviated the bone loss. Results also showed that LPS treatment stimulated osteoclastogenesis and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, but simvastatin significantly modulates the stimulatory effect of LPS on osteoclastogenesis and cytokine expression.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that simvastatin treatment inhibits LPS‐induced osteoclastogenesis and gingival inflammation and reduces alveolar bone loss, indicating that the intake of simvastatin may hinder the progression of periodontal disease.
Unexpected resilience to experimental gingivitis of subepithelial connective tissue grafts in gingival recession defects: a clinical–molecular evaluation
Authors: Graziano A. , Cirillo N. , Pallotti S. , Cricenti L. , Romano F. , Aimetti M. 
Published: October 2013

Background and objectiveThe subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) is the most widely used procedure for the treatment of gingival recession defects. Little is known, however, as to whether the apposed gingival flaps are more predisposed to develop plaque‐related inflammation compared to healthy sites. This has salient clinical implications, as the long‐term results of root coverage will depend largely on the level of inflammation of the grafted tissue.MethodsIn the present split‐mouth case–control study, clinical and biomolecular parameters were used to assess the level of inflammation of periodontal sites 12 mo after treatment with SCTG (test) and healthy non‐treated gingivae (control) following the induction of plaque‐related gingivitis in 19 patients.ResultsThe data showed that test sites had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower gingival index and angulated bleeding score compared to control sites (gingival index = 1.05 ± 0.23 vs. 1.34 ± 0.47; angulated bleeding score = 0.34 ± 0.37 vs. 0.61 ± 0.39) after induction of experimental gingivitis, whereas the plaque index did not differ in the two groups (P > 0.05). With regard to the biomolecular parameters, baseline levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β were higher in the gingival crevicular fluid of test sites. However, control sites exhibited more pronounced increase in the levels of interleukin‐1β compared to test sites, upon plaque accumulation, so that the final concentration was similar in both groups. No changes were recorded in the gingival crevicular fluid volume.ConclusionAnalysis of the data demonstrates that the sites of gingival recession treated with SCTG develop a lower degree of plaque‐induced inflammation compared to healthy gingivae. This strongly suggests that SCTG does not predispose to inflammation and to further gingival recession and makes it a safe technique in the treatment of gingival defects.
Molecular phylogeography and conservation genetics of Sladenia celastrifolia inferred from chloroplast DNA sequence variation
Authors: LU Xi , CHEN Li , CHEN Ya‐Ping , PENG Hua 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe genetic variation and structure of Sladenia celastrifolia Kurz, a species of conservation concern, were investigated. Analyses of two chloroplast DNA loci (trnS‐trnG and atpB‐rbcL intergenic regions) were carried out for 24 populations of S. celastrifolia and five haplotypes were identified. High levels of genetic differentiation (GST = 1, FST = 1) were detected, which may be a result of limited gene flow caused by geographic isolation. Analysis of molecular variance suggests that the existence of marked phylogeographical structure within the haplotype distribution is probably due to geographic barriers among populations. The haplotype network and mismatch distribution analyses did not detect any signals for recent population expansions in S. celastrifolia. Thus, it can be inferred that the species likely persisted in situ during climatic oscillations. Considering its genetic diversity and uniqueness, conservation strategies are further discussed for this species.
Vardenafil Improves Penile Erection in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Erectile Dysfunction: Role of Tropomyosin
Authors: Zamorano-León Jose J. , Olivier Carlos , de las Heras Natalia , Mateos-Cáceres Petra J. , Brime Menéndez Ricardo , Rodríguez-Sierra Pablo , Martín Palacios Naihara , Manso Luis San José , Modrego Javier , Segura Antonio , Macaya Carlos , López-Farré Antonio J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Evidences have been suggested that phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition promotes vasculoprotective benefits in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Aim
The aim of this study is to analyze the systemic effect of PDE5 inhibition in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) determining changes in the expression levels of plasma proteins.

Methods
Seventeen patients with controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and ED were included in the study. Patients received vardenafil hydrochloride 20mg on demand during 12weeks. At the beginning and 12weeks after vardenafil administration, plasma samples were collected and analyzed using proteomics.

Main Outcome Measures
International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function Domain (IIEF-EFD) and plasma protein expression before and after vardenafil administration. Nitrate/nitrite release, PDE5, and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) expression and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) content in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs).

Results
The IIEF-EFD score was markedly improved after 12weeks of vardenafil administration. Plasma levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin isotypes 4 and 6 and β-tropomyosin were decreased, whereas apolipoprotein AI isoype 5 was increased 12weeks after vardenafil administration. Only β-tropomyosin plasma levels were inversely correlated with IIEF-EFD score. Tropomyosin has been added to cultured BAECs and after 24hours reduced the protein expression level of sGC-β1 subunit and decreased the cGMP content. Tropomyosin did not modify PDE5 expression and nitric oxide release in BAECs as compared with control BAECs. Vardenafil (10μg/mL) did not modify sGC-β1 subunit expression in tropomyosin+vardenafil-incubated BAECs; however, vardenafil significantly reversed the reduction of cGMP content induced by tropomyosin.

Conclusion
Vardenafil administration improved erectile functionality in controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with ED, which was associated with reduction of circulating plasma β-tropomyosin levels. Tropomyosin affected by itself the cGMP generating system suggesting a possible new mechanism involved in ED. Vardenafil reversed the reduction effect of cGMP content elicited by tropomyosin in BAECs.
Uric Acid Level and Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Solak Yalcin , Akilli Hakan , Kayrak Mehmet , Aribas Alpay , Gaipov Abduzhappar , Turk Suleyman , Perez-Pozo Santos E. , Covic Adrian , McFann Kim , Johnson Richard J. , Kanbay Mehmet 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a frequent complaint of elderly subjects and is closely associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Uric acid is also associated with endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and CVD, raising the hypothesis that an increased serum uric acid might predict ED in patients who are at risk for coronary artery disease (CAD).

Aim
This study aims to evaluate the association of serum uric acid levels with presence and severity of ED in patients presenting with chest pain of presumed cardiac origin.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of 312 adult male patients with suspected CAD who underwent exercise stress test (EST) for workup of chest pain and completed a sexual health inventory for men survey form to determine the presence and severity of ED. Routine serum biochemistry (and uric acid levels) were measured. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors for ED.

Main Outcome Measures
The short version of the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire diagnosed ED (cutoff score ≤ 21). Serum uric acid levels were determined. Patients with chest pain of suspected cardiac origin underwent an EST.

Results
One hundred forty-nine of 312 (47.7%) male subjects had ED by survey criteria. Patients with ED were older and had more frequent CAD, hypertension, diabetes and impaired renal function, and also had significantly higher levels of uric acid, fibrinogen, glucose, C-reactive protein, triglycerides compared with patients without ED. Uric acid levels were associated with ED by univariate analysis (odds ratio = 1.36, P = 0.002); however, this association was not observed in multivariate analysis adjusted for estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Conclusion
Subjects presenting with chest pain of presumed cardiac origin are more likely to have ED if they have elevated uric acid levels.
Catalogue of knowledge and skills for sleep medicine
Authors: Penzel Thomas , Pevernagie Dirk , Dogas Zoran , Grote Ludger , de Lacy Simone , Rodenbeck Andrea , Bassetti Claudio , Berg Søren , Cirignotta Fabio , d'Ortho Marie‐Pia , Garcia‐Borreguero Diego , Levy Patrick , Nobili Lino , Paiva Teresa , Peigneux Philippe , Pollmächer Thomas , Riemann Dieter , Skene Debra J. , Zucconi Marco , Espie Colin ,   The Sleep Medicine Committee and The European Sleep Research Society
Published: October 2013

SummmarySleep medicine is evolving globally into a medical subspeciality in its own right, and in parallel, behavioural sleep medicine and sleep technology are expanding rapidly. Educational programmes are being implemented at different levels in many European countries. However, these programmes would benefit from a common, interdisciplinary curriculum. This ‘catalogue of knowledge and skills’ for sleep medicine is proposed, therefore, as a template for developing more standardized curricula across Europe. The Board and The Sleep Medicine Committee of the European Sleep Research Society (ESRS) have compiled the catalogue based on textbooks, standard of practice publications, systematic reviews and professional experience, validated subsequently by an online survey completed by 110 delegates specialized in sleep medicine from different European countries. The catalogue comprises 10 chapters covering physiology, pathology, diagnostic and treatment procedures to societal and organizational aspects of sleep medicine. Required levels of knowledge and skills are defined, as is a proposed workload of 60 points according to the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS). The catalogue is intended to be a basis for sleep medicine education, for sleep medicine courses and for sleep medicine examinations, serving not only physicians with a medical speciality degree, but also PhD and MSc health professionals such as clinical psychologists and scientists, technologists and nurses, all of whom may be involved professionally in sleep medicine. In the future, the catalogue will be revised in accordance with advances in the field of sleep medicine.