bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐, Stress‐, and Sympathetic Post‐Ganglionic Neuron‐Dependent Changes in the Expression of Pro‐ and Anti‐Inflammatory Mediators in Rat Dural Immune Cells
Authors: McIlvried Lisa A. , Borghesi Lisa A. , Gold Michael S. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundMigraine attacks are associated with sterile inflammation of the dura. Immune cells are a primary source of inflammatory mediators, and we therefore sought to further explore the link between dural immune cells and migraine.ObjectiveBased on the observations that migraine is more common in women than in men, stress is the most common trigger for a migraine attack, and sympathetic post‐ganglionic innervation of the dura enables local control of dural immune cells, we hypothesized that stress shifts the balance of inflammatory mediator expression in dural immune cells toward those that trigger a migraine attack, where these changes are larger in females and dependent, at least in part, on sympathetic post‐ganglionic innervation of the dura. Our objective was to test this hypothesis.MethodsDura were obtained from naïve or stressed, intact or surgically sympathectomized, adult male and female rats. Dura were assessed immediately or 24 hours after termination of 4 continuous days of unpredictable, mild stressors. Following enzymatic digestion of each dura, myeloid and lymphoid‐derived dural immune cells were isolated by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting for semi‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis.ResultsIn myeloid‐derived dural immune cells, there was an increase in pro‐inflammatory mediator mRNA following stress, particularly in females, which remained elevated with a 24‐hour delay after stress. There was a stress‐induced decrease in anti‐inflammatory mediator mRNA immediately after stress in females, but not males. The stress‐induced changes were attenuated in sympathectomized females. In lymphoid‐derived dural immune cells, there was a persistent increase in pro‐inflammatory mediator mRNA following stress, particularly in females. A stress‐induced increase in anti‐inflammatory mediator mRNA was also observed in both males and females, and was further attenuated in sympathectomized females.ConclusionsConsistent with our hypothesis, there is a stress‐induced shift in the balance of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediator expression in dural immune cells that is more pronounced in females, and is dependent, at least in part, on sympathetic post‐ganglionic innervation in females. This shift in the balance of inflammatory mediator expression may not only play an important role in triggering migraine attacks, but also suggests it may be possible, if not necessary, to employ different strategies to most effectively treat migraine in men and women.
Headache and Alcohol
Authors: Dueland Aud Nome 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe notion that alcohol intake may trigger headache is well known. Historical data as well as clinical experience indicate that this may be the case for headache patients as well persons without known headache disorders. This monograph reviews the medical literature about alcohol as a headache trigger, what headache types are triggered, and why.MethodsLiterature search primarily using the terms “alcohol and headache,” “migraine and alcohol,” “cluster headache and alcohol,” and “alcohol hangover headache,” as well as combined search, was performed, limiting the search to the last decade. Relevant articles were picked.ResultsThe search “alcohol and headache” yielded 918 hits for the decade 2004‐2014. Combined search gave substantially less, and 30 papers were reviewed, of which 25 are included in this review.DiscussionEpidemiological studies find some correlations between alcohol intake and mainly primary headache disorders, such as migraine and cluster headache. Cultural differences in alcohol consumption are probably reflected in some of the results and conclusions. Both migraine and cluster headaches may be triggered by alcohol; however, which type of alcoholic beverage triggers these headaches is not clear. There is no single mechanism that explains the pathophysiology of alcohol‐induced headache, other that hangover headache in some may be triggered by inactive alcohol dehydrogenase 2. Alcohol‐induced headache may be diagnosed as a secondary headache, while in patients with migraine or cluster headache alcohol intake may act as a trigger for these primary headaches.Conclusions and recommendationsBased on the literature, there is no reason to tell headache patients in general to abstain from alcohol. Individual dispositions as well as cultural factors may play a role in alcohol‐induced headache.
Sequential Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Infection in Treatment‐naïve Children
Authors: Schwarzer Andrea , Bontems Patrick , Urruzuno Pedro , Kalach Nicolas , Iwanczak Barbara , Roma‐Giannikou Elefteria , Sykora Josef , Kindermann Angelika , Casswall Thomas , Cadranel Samy , Koletzko Sibylle 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe goal of first‐line Helicobacter pylori therapy is to reach an eradication rate of 90% to avoid further investigations, antibiotic use, and spreading of resistant strains.AimTo evaluate the eradication rate of high‐dose sequential therapy in treatment‐naïve children and to assess factors associated with failure.MethodsProspective data assessed in a registry from nine European centers between October 2009 and December 2011. Children with biopsy‐proven Helicobacter pylori infection were prescribed 5 days of esomeprazole and amoxicillin, followed by 5 days of esomeprazole, clarithromycin, and metronidazole according to bodyweight. Eradication was assessed after 8–12 weeks. Primary endpoint was the eradication rate in children who received at least one dose and had follow‐up data. Multivariate analysis evaluated potential factors for treatment success including sex, age, center, migrant status, antibiotic resistance, and adherence to therapy.ResultsFollow‐up was available in 209 of 232 patients (age range 3.1–17.9 years, 118 females). Primary resistance occurred for clarithromycin in 30 of 209 (14.4%), for metronidazole in 32 (15.3%), for both antibiotics in 7 (3.3%), and culture failed in 6 (2.9%). Eradication was achieved in 168 of 209 children (80.4%, 95% CI 75.02–85.78), in 85.8% with no resistance, 72.6% with single resistance, and 28.6% with double resistance. Independent factors affecting eradication rate included resistance to clarithromycin (adjusted ORs 0.27 (0.09–0.84), p = .024), to metronidazole (0.25 (0.009–0.72), p = .010) or to both (0.04 (0.01–0.35), p = .004), and intake of ≤90% of prescribed drugs (0.03 (0.01–0.18), p < .001).ConclusionA high‐dose 10‐day sequential therapy cannot be recommended in treatment‐naïve children.
Effect of Crystallization Temperature on Electrical Properties of Er3+/Yb3+–SrO.TiO2 Borosilicate Glass
Authors: Maheshwari Aditya , Singh Nitish Kumar , Parkash Om , Kumar Devendra 
Published: June 2015

Er3+–Yb3+ doped 22[3SrO.2TiO2].30[2SiO2.B2O3] glass and glass–ceramics are developed and investigated for their electrical properties. The degree of crystallization is varied by means of crystallization temperature ranging from 600 to 1000°C. In glass–ceramic samples, two major crystalline phases, Sr3Ti2O7 and TiO2, are confirmed by diffraction analysis. The best crystallized glass–ceramic (crystallization temperature 950°C) sample shows 100–1 50 times lower impedance in temperature range, 200–300°C, than the uncrystallized glass. Electrical relaxation corresponding to the crystalline phase can be isolated in frequency domain. The glass–ceramic shows a 10–100 times higher dielectric constant than the glass in lower frequency range. This dielectric constant and dissipation factor increase with increasing temperature beyond a threshold value. Curie temperature was not visible in the measured temperature range.
Seasonal changes of proximate composition and fatty acids of farmed dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus Lowe, 1834)
Authors: Suárez María D. , González María J. , Sáez María I. , Martínez Tomás F. , Guil‐Guerrero José Luis 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe aim of this work was to determine the seasonality of nutrient profiles of dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus Lowe, 1834) cultured in a cage to improve knowledge on its nutritional composition. Fish (n = 735) were reared in a circular polyethylene floating cage for a 19‐month experimental period and provided a commercial pelleted feed once a day with a total daily ration of 1% wet body weight. Fish were sampled every 3–4 months, and biometric parameters as well as muscle composition were determined. The edible proportion of fish increased slightly with culture time. The flesh showed low lipid content, similar to those reported for wild grouper. Biometric indices, muscle proximate composition and fatty acid profiles were significantly affected by seasonality, that is lipids and monounsaturated fatty acids increased during summer, in parallel with the decline of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Key properties of iodine‐, iron‐ and zinc‐ fortified fish cracker: effects of ambient shelf storage on iodine retention and quality indicators
Authors: Pinkaew Siwaporn , Karrila Taewee T. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryMulti‐micronutrient (MN)‐fortified fish cracker could be used as a means to improve iodine, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) status. We evaluated iodine stability as well as the quality and sensory properties of MN‐fortified fish cracker, at the fortification levels of 5.3 mg per 100 g for Fe and Zn and 260 μg per 100 g for iodine in the dough. On average, the overall retention of iodine after processing and storage for 4 months was ~65%. Fortification with KIO3 + ZnO, or KIO3 + ZnO + ferrous fumarate, significantly increased the loss of iodine during processing. The Fe compounds tended to promote iodine instability during storage and contributed to thiobarbituric reactive substances. Fortification did not affect linear expansion of the cracker. Triple‐fortified fish cracker with KIO3, ferric pyrophosphate and ZnO exhibited both high iodine retention (92.7% for steaming + drying and 72.7% for storage) in the tropical conditions (30 ± 1 °C, 80 ± 5% R.H.) and achieved overall desirable sensory scores. Thus, such fortification of fish cracker might successfully supplement iodine, zinc and iron, while at the same time contributing to the palatability of cracker.
Differential diagnosis of suspected deep tissue injury
Authors: Black Joyce M , Brindle Christopher T , Honaker Jeremy S 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDeep tissue injury (DTI) can be difficult to diagnose because many other skin and wound problems can appear as purple skin or rapidly appearing eschar. The diagnosis of DTI begins with a thorough history to account for times of exposure to pressure, such as ‘time down’ at the scene or time during which the patient was flat and could not respond. Patients with light skin tones present with classic skin discolouration of purple or maroon tissue, a defined border around the area of injury, and often surrounding erythema is evident. Persistent erythema and hyperpigmentation, rather than blanching, should be used to determine pressure injury in dark skin tone patients. Differential diagnosis includes stage 2 pressure ulcers, incontinence‐associated dermatitis, skin tears, bruising, haematoma, venous engorgement, arterial insufficiency, necrotising fasciitis and terminal skin ulcers. Many skin problems can also have a purple hue or rapidly developing eschar, and a working knowledge of dermatology is needed.
Fabrication and Characterization of Glass‐Ceramic Fiber‐Containing Cr3 + ‐Doped ZnAl2O4 Nanocrystals
Authors: Fang Zaijin , Zheng Shupei , Peng Wencai , Zhang Hang , Ma Zhijun , Zhou Shifeng , Chen Danping , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: June 2015

Glass‐ceramic fibers containing Cr3+‐doped ZnAl2O4 nanocrystals were fabricated by the melt‐in‐tube method and successive heat treatment. The obtained fibers were characterized by electro‐probe micro‐analyzer, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectrum and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. In our process, fibers were precursor at the drawing temperature where the fiber core glass was melted while the clad was softened. No obvious element interdiffusion between the core and the clad section or crystallization was observed in precursor fiber. After heat treatment, ZnAl2O4 nanocrystals with diameters ranging from 1.0 to 6.3 nm were precipitated in the fiber core. In comparison to precursor fiber, the glass‐ceramic fiber exhibits broadband emission from Cr3+ when excited at 532 nm, making Cr3+‐doped glass‐ceramic fiber a promising material for broadband tunable fiber laser. Furthermore, the melt‐in‐tube method demonstrated here may open a new gate toward the fabrication of novel glass‐ceramic fibers.
Melatonin regulates the transcription of βAPP‐cleaving secretases mediated through melatonin receptors in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Panmanee Jiraporn , Nopparat Chutikorn , Chavanich Napapit , Shukla Mayuri , Mukda Sujira , Song Weihong , Vincent Bruno , Govitrapong Piyarat 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMelatonin is involved in the control of various physiological functions, such as sleep, cell growth and free radical scavenging. The ability of melatonin to behave as an antioxidant, together with the fact that the Alzheimer‐related amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) triggers oxidative stress through hydroxyl radical‐induced cell death, suggests that melatonin could reduce Alzheimer's pathology. Although the exact etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains to be established, excess Aβ is believed to be the primary contributor to the dysfunction and degeneration of neurons that occurs in AD. Aβ peptides are produced via the sequential cleavage of β‐secretase β‐site APP‐cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ‐secretase (PS1/PS2), while α‐secretase (ADAM10) prevents the production of Aβ peptides. We hypothesized that melatonin could inhibit BACE1 and PS1/PS2 and enhance ADAM10 expression. Using the human neuronal SH‐SY5Y cell line, we found that melatonin inhibited BACE1 and PS1 and activated ADAM10 mRNA level and protein expression in a concentration‐dependent manner and mediated via melatonin G protein‐coupled receptors. Melatonin inhibits BACE1 and PS1 protein expressions through the attenuation of nuclear factor‐κB phosphorylation (pNF‐κB). Moreover, melatonin reduced BACE1 promoter transactivation and consequently downregulated β‐secretase catalytic activity. The present data show that melatonin is not only a potential regulator of β/γ‐secretase but also an activator of α‐secretase expression through the activation of protein kinase C, thereby favoring the nonamyloidogenic pathway over the amyloidogenic pathway. Altogether, our findings suggest that melatonin may be a potential therapeutic agent for reducing the risk of AD in humans.
Strong arm tactics: sexual dimorphism in macropodid limb proportions
Authors: Richards H. L. , Grueter C. C. , Milne N. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMacropodid (kangaroo and wallaby) males use their forelimbs as weaponry in fights for dominance and access to females. The choreography and intensity of these fights varies with species body size. It has been established that the largest species show stronger dimorphism in upper limb muscularity as a product of sexual selection via increased intermale competition. However, beyond muscularity, and across the other macropodid species, limb dimorphism is poorly understood. Here, we examine dimorphism in the relative proportions of the bones within the forelimb and between the fore‐ and hindlimbs. We used a large sample of bones from 15 promiscuous macropodid species to confirm that absolute dimorphism in the forelimb becomes greater with body size (indexed by cranial length), and to further explore whether dimorphism in relative forelimb proportions increases also. As macropodids are obligate bipedal hoppers, no dimorphism was expected in the lower limb. Phylogenetic generalized least‐square regression was used to resolve phylogenetic non‐independence of the data. Greater upper limb dimorphism was significantly correlated with longer crania, confirming established patterns, but we found it was the relative length of the male humerus that became increasingly exaggerated with species' body size, not the radius as previously suggested. Enlarged proximal limb segments are indicative of adaptations for powerful movements. This aligns with higher intensity and ritualization of male agonistic behaviour, and reflects an increased selection for strong male forelimbs in the larger promiscuous species. Contrary to our hypothesis, relative male pes length decreased with body size, possibly indicating selection for a stronger and sturdier pes required for powerful kicks. This study clarifies the patterns of sexual dimorphism in Macropodidae limbs and illustrates the power of sexual selection to influence anatomy that is fundamental to locomotion in both sexes.
Textual and textile literacies in early modern braids
Authors: Canavan Claire 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article considers the handicraft of braiding, a variety of textile work in which loops of silk were placed on the fingers and interwoven to make strings containing patterns, motifs or alphabetic characters, usually formed into posies. The practice often involved the collaboration of multiple participants and is documented extensively in thirteen seventeenth‐century manuscripts, which present written directions, usually alongside worked examples. Largely overlooked in recent studies of women's handiwork, braiding and braids appear to have been pervasive in early modern culture: they are invoked directly and indirectly in a variety of contemporary texts which emphasize that they possessed social, cultural and political meaning. This article argues that braiding constitutes a complex model of expression and social production, which sets alphabetic content alongside the rich significance of form, pattern, material and collaborative bodily practice. Drawing out connections between braiding and varieties of poetic composition in a range of other writings, I emphasize that braids blur distinctions between textual and textile literacies and indicate a need to rethink the relationship of the needle and the pen.
SU‐D‐207‐03: Development of 4D‐CBCT Imaging System with Dual Source KV X‐Ray Tubes
Authors: Nakamura M , Ishihara Y , Matsuo Y , Ueki N , Iizuka Y , Mizowaki T , Hiraoka M 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:The purposes of this work are to develop 4D‐CBCT imaging system with orthogonal dual source kV X‐ray tubes, and to determine the imaging doses from 4D‐CBCT scans.Methods:Dual source kV X‐ray tubes were used for the 4D‐CBCT imaging. The maximum CBCT field of view was 200 mm in diameter and 150 mm in length, and the imaging parameters were 110 kV, 160 mA and 5 ms. The rotational angle was 105°, the rotational speed of the gantry was 1.5°/s, the gantry rotation time was 70 s, and the image acquisition interval was 0.3°. The observed amplitude of infrared marker motion during respiration was used to sort each image into eight respiratory phase bins. The EGSnrc/BEAMnrc and EGSnrc/DOSXYZnrc packages were used to simulate kV X‐ray dose distributions of 4D‐CBCT imaging. The kV X‐ray dose distributions were calculated for 9 lung cancer patients based on the planning CT images with dose calculation grid size of 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 mm. The dose covering a 2‐cc volume of skin (D2cc), defined as the inner 5 mm of the skin surface with the exception of bone structure, was assessed.Results:A moving object was well identified on 4D‐CBCT images in a phantom study. Given a gantry rotational angle of 105° and the configuration of kV X‐ray imaging subsystems, both kV X‐ray fields overlapped at a part of skin surface. The D2cc for the 4D‐CBCT scans was in the range 73.8–105.4 mGy. Linear correlation coefficient between the 1000 minus averaged SSD during CBCT scanning and D2cc was −0.65 (with a slope of −0.17) for the 4D‐CBCT scans.Conclusion:We have developed 4D‐CBCT imaging system with dual source kV X‐ray tubes. The total imaging dose with 4D‐CBCT scans was up to 105.4 mGy.
SU‐D‐207‐05: Real‐Time Intrafractional Motion Tracking During VMAT Delivery Using a Conventional Elekta CBCT System
Authors: Park Yang‐Kyun , Sharp Gregory C. , Gierga David P. , Ye Sung‐Joon , Winey Brian A. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:Real‐time kV projection streaming capability has become recently available for Elekta XVI version 5.0. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of real‐time fiducial marker tracking during CBCT acquisition with or without simultaneous VMAT delivery using a conventional Elekta linear accelerator.Methods:A client computer was connected to an on‐board kV imaging system computer, and receives and processes projection images immediately after image acquisition. In‐house marker tracking software based on FFT normalized cross‐correlation was developed and installed in the client computer. Three gold fiducial markers with 3 mm length were implanted in a pelvis‐shaped phantom with 36 cm width. The phantom was placed on a programmable motion platform oscillating in anterior‐posterior and superior‐inferior directions simultaneously. The marker motion was tracked in real‐time for (1) a kV‐only CBCT scan with treatment beam off and (2) a kV CBCT scan during a 6‐MV VMAT delivery. The exposure parameters per projection were 120 kVp and 1.6 mAs. Tracking accuracy was assessed by comparing superior‐inferior positions between the programmed and tracked trajectories.Results:The projection images were successfully transferred to the client computer at a frequency of about 5 Hz. In the kV‐only scan, highly accurate marker tracking was achieved over the entire range of cone‐beam projection angles (detection rate / tracking error were 100.0% / 0.6±0.5 mm). In the kV‐VMAT scan, MV‐scatter degraded image quality, particularly for lateral projections passing through the thickest part of the phantom (kV source angle ranging 70°‐110° and 250°‐290°), resulting in a reduced detection rate (90.5%). If the lateral projections are excluded, tracking performance was comparable to the kV‐only case (detection rate / tracking error were 100.0% / 0.8±0.5 mm).Conclusion:Our phantom study demonstrated a promising Result for real‐time motion tracking using a conventional Elekta linear accelerator. MV‐scatter suppression is needed to improve tracking accuracy during MV delivery.This research is funded by Motion Management Research Grant from Elekta.