bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of wind and temperature profiles from ECMWF analysis on two hemispheres using volcanic infrasound
Authors: Assink J. D. , Pichon A. Le , Blanc E. , Kallel M. , Khemiri L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we evaluate vertical wind and temperature profiles that are produced by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric analysis. The evaluation is carried out on both hemispheres: we make use of stratospheric infrasound arrivals from Mount Etna (37°N) and Mount Yasur (22°S). The near‐continuous, high activity of both volcanoes permits the study of stratospheric propagation along well‐defined paths with a time resolution ranging from hours to multiple years. Infrasound observables are compared to theoretical estimates obtained from acoustic propagation modeling using the ECMWF analysis. While a first‐order agreement is found for both hemispheres, we report on significant discrepancies around some of the equinox periods and other intervals during which the atmosphere is in a state of transition and dynamical oscillations of the atmosphere dominate over the general circulation. We present an inversion study in which we make use of measured trace velocity estimates to estimate first‐order effective sound speed model updates in a Bayesian framework. Deviations from the a priori models around the stratopause up to 10% (≈ 30 m s−1) are estimated. Such updates are in line with the results from comparisons between ECMWF analysis and observations from lidar and microwave Doppler spectroradiometer facilities that were colocated during the course of the 2012–2013 Atmospheric dynamics Research and InfraStructure in Europe (ARISE) measurement campaign.
Extension of LMS stability condition over a wide set of signals
Authors: Bismor Dariusz 
Published: July 2014

SummaryA sufficient condition for least mean squares (LMS) algorithm stability with a small set of assumptions is derived in this paper. The derivation is not, contrary to the majority of currently known conditions, based on the independence assumption or other statistic properties of the input signals. Moreover, it does not make use of the small‐step‐size assumption, neither does it assume the input signals are stationary. Instead, it uses a theory of discrete systems and properties of a discrete state‐space matrix. Therefore, the result can be applied to a wide set of signals, including deterministic and nonstationary signals. The location of all eigenvalues of the matrix responsible for the LMS algorithm stability has been calculated. Simulation experiments, where the step size reaches a couple of hundreds without loss of stability, are shown to support the theory. On the other hand, simulation where the calculations based on the small‐step‐size theory provide a too large estimation of the upper bound for the step size, while the new condition gives a proper solution, is also presented. Therefore, the new condition may be used in cases where fast adaptation is necessary and when the independence theory or the small‐step‐size assumptions do not hold. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Equivalence and hermiticity of Dirac Hamiltonians in the Kerr gravitational field
Authors: Gorbatenko Mikhail V. , Neznamov Vasily P. 
Published: July 2014

In the paper, for the Kerr field, we prove that Chandrasekhar's Dirac Hamiltonian and the self‐adjoint Hamiltonian with a flat scalar product of the wave functions are physically equivalent. Operators of transformation of Chandrasekhar's Hamiltonian and wave functions to the η representation with a flat scalar product are defined explicitly. If the domain of the wave functions of Dirac's equation in the Kerr field is bounded by two‐dimensional surfaces of revolution around the z axis, Chandrasekhar's Hamiltonian and the self‐adjoint Hamiltonian in the η representation are Hermitian with equality of the scalar products, .
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Multi‐point monitoring of cross‐linking reactions
Authors: Machavaram Venkata Rajanikanth , Wang Liwei , Pandita Surya Darma , Hellmann Sebastian , Bogonez Francisco Nieves , Fernando Gerard Franklyn 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe feasibility of deploying optical fiber sensors to obtain qualitative and quantitative information on the cross‐linking characteristics of thermosetting resin systems has been demonstrated by a number of researchers. This article is concerned with the demonstration of a low‐cost fiber‐optic Fresnel sensor system for monitoring the cross‐linking reactions at multiple locations. Cross‐linking reactions can be influenced by a number of parameters including the stoichiometry of the resin and hardener, and the heat‐transfer rates in and out of the preform as a function of the cross‐section of the preform. In situations where there is a variation in the thickness of the preform or when large components are processed, a facility to monitor the cross‐linking reactions at multiple locations will be valuable because the rate and extent of the cross‐linking can be inferred. In this article, six Fresnel sensors were immersed in individual vials containing an epoxy/amine resin system and processed (cross‐linked) in an air‐circulating oven. One additional vial with a Fresnel sensor immersed in the neat epoxy resin (no hardener) was co‐located in the oven to enable the effect of temperature to be monitored. The feasibility of using the multiplexed Fresnel sensors for cure monitoring was demonstrated successfully. The sensors in the post‐cross‐linked samples were used to study the effects of heating and cooling cycles. The feasibility of detecting the glass transition temperature using the Fresnel sensor is discussed along with the factors that give rise to variability in the output Fresnel signals. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41088.
Synthesis and characterization of advance PA6‐b‐PDMS multiblock copolymers
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Fan Hong , Li Bo‐Geng 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAdvance polyamide‐6‐b‐polydimethylsiloxane (PA6‐b‐PDMS) multiblock copolymers were first synthesized via the polymerization in bulk. Binary carboxyl terminated PA6 was served as the hard segment and PDMS modified with hexamethylene diisocyanate (PDMS‐NCO) was the soft segment. A series of PA6‐b‐PDMS copolymers based on different content and length of soft segments were obtained. Interestingly, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies revealed no obvious change in melting temperature after introducing PDMS segments to copolymers. The high melting temperatures indicated these copolymers possess potential applications in automotive industry that require high continuous use temperatures. DSC and transmission electron microscopy studies both demonstrated increasing the length and the content of the soft segment contributed to increasing of the degree of microphase separation. However, the improvement of thermal stability resulting from PDMS segments was also observed by thermo gravimetric analysis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 41114.
Calendered linear low‐density polyethylene consolidated meat and bone meal composites
Authors: Lukubira Sam , Ogale Amod 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTBioplastics produced from meat and bone meal (MBM) suffer from rapid and drastic mechanical property deterioration because of their hydrophilic nature. This study investigates mechanical and water stability of composites produced from introduction of a minor component of a synthetic polyethylene as a binder phase to consolidate MBM. The milled and sieved MBM was compounded with 5–60 wt % linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) and formed into composite sheets by calendering, which is an industrially relevant process. Results indicated that a minimum of 15 wt % LLDPE content was required to form a nominally continuous binder phase that allowed for good processability and environment stability of the composites. As expected, the water vapor permeability (WVP) and water absorption characteristics of the composites were intermediate between those of MBM and LLDPE. Sheets containing 15 wt % LLDPE absorbed up to 35 wt % water. Composites tested after being soaked in water showed an initial decrease in TS of about 30% for the first hour but then remained fairly unchanged in the next 72 hours, confirming their moderate environment stability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41145.
Two‐step chromatography purification of IgGs possessing sialidase activity from human blood serum
Authors: Kit Yury , Bilyy Rostyslav , Korniy Nataliya , Tomin Andriy , Chop'yak Valentyna , Tolstyak Yaroslav , Antonyuk Volodymyr , Stoika Rostyslav 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSialation of cell surface is known to be tightly connected with tumorigenicity, invasiveness, metastatic potential and clearance of aged cells, while sialation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules determines their anti‐inflammatory properties. Recently, we have found for the first time IgG‐antibodies possessing sialidase‐like activity (sialylic abzyme) in blood serum of multiple myeloma and systemic lupus erythematosis patients. This abzyme was detected in a pool of IgGs purified by a typical procedure including immunoglobulin's precipitation with ammonium sulfate and following chromatography on protein G–Sepharose column. Here we describe a novel matrix for affinity purification of sialylic abzyme that is based on using bovine submandibular gland mucin conjugated to Sepharose matrix (mucin–Sepharose). This matrix preferentially binds sialidase‐like IgGs from a pool of sialidase‐active fraction of proteins precipitated with 50% ammonium sulfate from blood serum of the systemic lupus erythematosis patients. That allowed us to develop a new scheme of double‐step chromatography purification of sialidase‐like IgGs from human blood serum.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of Corporate Environmental Violation on Shareholders' Wealth: a Perspective Taken from Media Coverage
Authors: Xu X. D. , Zeng S. X. , Zou H. L. , Shi Jonathan J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study provides empirical evidence of the way in which media coverage of corporate environmental violation events affects shareholders' wealth due to stock market reactions. Data relating to the media coverage of the environmental violations of 173 publically traded companies in China, gathered using web crawler technology, were analyzed through multi‐dimensional variables with the purpose of examining the impact of media coverage on stock market reactions in terms of cumulative abnormal return (CAR) under different event windows based on the methodology of event study. The variables include the intensity of media coverage, media information sources, disclosure mode, media newsworthiness, violation entity, whether the company is punished by the government, whether the company makes a clarification and whether the company is ISO 14001 certified. The results obtained reveal that media coverage affects the market values of the event companies to some extent, and that those companies that attract high levels of media attention generally see greater losses in their shareholders' wealth. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Corporate Environmental Initiatives in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and Their Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Madsen Henning , Ulhøi John P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe impact from corporate business activities on the natural environment and society at large has been in focus for quite some time. The focus has often been on corporate environmental sustainability initiatives reflecting industry's response to concerns expressed by key stakeholders as well as the potential influence on the bottom line and the competitive situation. Much less investigated is the extent to which management itself perceives that corporate environmental initiatives actually lead to positive results. This is the very focus of this research, which is based on data collected by identical surveys of industrial companies in Denmark over a number of years. The results indicate a slightly increasing involvement over time, but also that the level of results achieved is lower than the level of initiatives taken. That is, the reactive attitude reported previously still seems to be prevailing. The results also seem to indicate that the size of the company may have a negative influence in some situations, since smaller companies seems to be better at achieving results compared with medium sized companies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Primary squamous cell carcinomas in the thyroid gland: an individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Cho Jae Keun , Woo Seung‐Hoon , Park Junoh , Kim Min‐Ji , Jeong Han‐Sin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPrimary squamous cell carcinomas arising from the thyroid gland (SCCTh) is extremely rare diseases, which have never been fully studied. Thus, we performed a systematic review and individual participant data meta‐analysis of published SCCTh cases, to understand the clinical characteristics and to identify the prognostic factors of primary SCCTh. A literature search was conducted within Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library databases and KoreaMed using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords: “primary,” “squamous,” “carcinoma,” “cancer,” and “thyroid.” Eighty‐four patients' individual data from 39 articles and five patients' data in our institute were selected for analysis (N = 89). The mean age at diagnosis was 63.0 years (range, 24–90) and female preponderance (M:F = 1:2) was noted. The commonest complaint was the anterior neck mass, followed by dyspnea or dysphagia, and extension to the adjacent structure was found in 72%. The median survival was 9.0 months (95% CI, 6.0–23.0) and 3‐year survival rate (3YSR) was 37.6% by Kaplan–Meier method, but only 20.1% by a shared frailty model for adjusting heterogeneity. Complete resection (R0) of tumors was the only significant prognostic factor in multivariable analysis, and the benefit of adjuvant treatment was not proved. The prognosis of patients with SCCTh is very poor (20% in 3YSR), but complete resection of disease is correlated with improved survival. To achieve complete surgical eradication of tumors, early detection and accurate diagnosis should be emphasized.
Predicting audio step feedback for real walking in virtual environments
Authors: Zank Markus , Nescher Thomas , Kunz Andreas 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWhen navigating in virtual environments by using real walking, the correct auditory step feedback is usually ignored, although this could give more information to the user about the ground he is walking on. One reason for this is time constraints that hinder a replay of a walking sound synchronous to the haptic step feedback when walking. In order to add a matching step feedback to virtual environments, this paper introduces a calibration‐free system, which can predict the occurrence time of a step‐down event based on an analysis of the user's gait. For detecting reliable characteristics of the gait, accelerometers and gyroscopes are used, which are mounted on the user's foot. Because the proposed system is capable of detecting the characteristic events in the foot's swing phase, it allows a prediction that gives enough time to replay sound synchronous to the haptic sensation of walking. In order to find the best prediction regarding prediction time and accuracy, data gathered in an experiment is analyzed regarding reliably occurring characteristics in the human gait. Based on this, a suitable prediction algorithm is proposed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Caffeine on the Crystallization Behavior of Sugar
Authors: Selbmann Stefanie , Petersen Sandra , Ulrich Joachim 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFactors such as high viscosity of sugar solutions or multicomponent systems with flavoring agents complicate the crystallization of sugar in the food industry. The influence of caffeine on the crystallization behavior of sugar solutions was tested. The determined parameters were solubility, metastable zone width, nucleation, crystal growth rate, and shape of crystals. For the metastable zone two different concentrations were tested. The crystal growth rate was determined at two temperatures as well as at two supersaturations. The results indicate that caffeine affects the crystal growth rate and metastable zone. The crystal growth rate is decreased and the saturation line as well as the nucleation line is shifted to lower temperatures caused by a thermodynamic effect.
Optimized Coating through Phase Separation in Tablets by Melt Crystallization
Authors: Abouzeid Ahmed , Petersen Sandra , Ulrich Joachim 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe coating process is a crucial step in conventional industrial tablet production. Here, a simpler method to coat the tablets is realized by melt crystallization technology. Phase separation of the mixture components, which need to be eutectic, is investigated for lauric acid and ibuprofen. Use of a colored complex of lauric acid, the expected phase separation was visualized. Post‐production analyses confirmed the two different solidifying phases. Variation of certain parameters within the drop forming simulation experiment, to test their effects on the tablet geometry and phase separation, provided an important entry in the tablet coating formula. Cooling the crystallizing drops from the top and the bottom resulted in the generation of evenly coated tablets, a major goal in tablet production.
Fast Dispersible Cocoa Tablets: A Case Study of Freeze‐Casting Applied to Foods
Authors: Nguyen Phuong T. N. , Ulrich Joachim 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA fast and easily dissolving/dispersible tablet is introduced as a new convenient dosage form to substitute fine powders. Cocoa was taken as a first potential food candidate to produce a fast dispersible tablet. The experimental setup of a successfully applied freeze‐casting process is presented. By controlling the temperature gradient and the freezing mode, two pore morphologies including needle‐columnar and planar‐lamellar structures were found. Sugar used as a binder dramatically improved the properties of the produced tablets. A fast‐dispersal cocoa tablet of 16 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height was obtained, with a dispersal time of less than 1 min and a crushing force higher than 34.5 N, i.e., a diametral tensile strength σt of 0.14 N mm−2. In other words, a tablet meeting the dissolution time and mechanical strength requirements for fast‐dispersal tablets was generated.
Covalent Grafting of Silatranes to Carbon Interfaces
Authors: Peureux Charles , Jouikov Viatcheslav 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCovalent SiC grafting of a silatrane cage to a carbon‐based interface provides a truly conjugated benzyl‐type system in which the 3 c–4 e orbital of the silatrane interacts with the macroscopic π‐type substituent (graphite Csp2 network) through hyperconjugation. This process, studied by voltammetry, EIS, FTIR, SEM and DFT modeling, allows one to build carbon‐based conducting interfaces with electronically conjugated molecular extensions. Non‐conjugated covalent grafting of an alkyl silatrane moiety provides chemically stable functional interfaces that have good promise for electrochemically‐driven applications, for example, electrochemical spin‐writing.
ChemInform Abstract: Variation of the EuII Emission Wavelength by Substitution of Fluoride by Hydride in Fluorite‐Type Compounds EuHxF2‐x (0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.67).
Authors: Kunkel Nathalie , Meijerink Andries , Kohlmann Holger 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEuHxF2‐x is prepared by solid state reaction of EuF2 and EuH2 under H2 pressure (autoclave, 470 °C, 30 bar).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermodynamic Characteristics of a New Phase Bi12.5Ho1.5ReO24.5 by Solution Calorimetry.
Authors: Matskevich Nata I. , Wolf Thomas , Adelmann Peter , Bryzgalova Anna N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Bi2O3, NH4ReO4, and Ho2O3 (800 °C, 70 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Green Synthesis of Flower‐Like Bi2WO6 Microspheres as a Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalyst.
Authors: Zhou Yu‐Xue , Tong Ling , Zeng Xiang‐Hua , Chen Xiao‐Bing 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFlower‐like Bi2WO6 microspheres are hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous solution of Bi(NO3)3 and Na2WO4 (autoclave, 120 °C, 14 h) and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and UV/VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation Properties and Crystal Structure of YMgT4 (T: Co, Ni, Cu) Compounds.
Authors: Shtender V. V. , Denys R. V. , Paul‐Boncour V. , Riabov A. B. , Zavaliy I. Yu. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by mechanical alloying of YM4 (M: Co, Ni, Cu; obtained by arc melting of the elements) and Mg powder followed by annealing under argon (Ta containers, 600—800 °C, 8 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Nd3Ge1.18In0.82 and Sm3Ge1.33In0.67 — New Ternary Indides with La3GeIn Type Structure.
Authors: Kravets Oksana , Nychyporuk Galyna , Muts Ihor , Hlukhyy Viktor , Poettgen Rainer , Zaremba Vasyl' 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe new title compounds are prepared from the elements by arc‐melting and subsequent annealing at 870 K for 720 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Rare‐Earth Manganese Germanides RE3Mn2Ge3 (RE: Ce—Nd) and a Possible Oxygen‐Interstitial Derivative Nd4Mn2Ge5O0.6.
Authors: Oliynyk Anton O. , Djama‐Kayad Kadar , Mar Arthur 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by arc melting of the elements followed by annealing at 800 °C (7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Multinuclear Cobalt(II)‐Containing Heteropolytungstates: Structure, Magnetism, and Electrochemistry.
Authors: Kortz Ulrich , et al. et al. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTetrameric Co16‐containing heteropolytungstates Na32 [{Co4(OH)3PO4}4 (A‐α‐SiW9O34)4] ·78H2O (I) and Na30.5K1.5 [{Co4(OH)3PO4}4 (A‐α‐GeW9O34)4] ·116H2O (II) are prepared in 17% and 19% yield, resp., by reaction of trilacunary Keggin polyanions [A‐α‐XW9O34]10‐ (X: SiIV, GeIV) with CoCl2 and Na3PO4 in aqueous basic media under mild heating.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Solvothermal Syntheses and Characterization of Layered Copper Thioantimonates(III) and Thioarsenate(III).
Authors: Zhang Chi , Ji Min , Ji Shou‐Hua , An Yong‐Lin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRb2Cu2Sb2S5 (I), Cs2Cu2Sb2S5 (II), and Rb8Cu6As8S19 (III) are prepared by solvothermal reaction of Cu, Sb (or As2S3), S, and Rb2CO3 or Cs2CO3 in molar ratios of 8:8.2:37.5:5.2 for (I), 8:8.2:50:3.1 for (II), and 6.3:6.1:32.2:5.2 for (III) in diaminopropane and 50 wt.% MeOH/H2O (autoclave, 160 °C (145 °C for (III)), 5 d, yields of 36%, 32%, and 56% for (I), (II), and (III)).
ChemInform Abstract: Amine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cross‐Aldol Reactions Using Heterofunctionalized Acetaldehydes as Nucleophiles.
Authors: Kano Taichi , Sakamoto Ryu , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBoth syn‐ and anti‐difunctionalized compounds can be obtained from the same set of reactants by replacing the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Access to Cyclic Amines by Dinitriles Reduction.
Authors: Laval Stephane , Dayoub Wissam , Pehlivan Leyla , Metay Estelle , Favre‐Reguillon Alain , Delbrayelle Dominique , Mignani Gerard , Lemaire Marc 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe presented two titanium‐based systems reduce aliphatic and aromatic nitriles in the presence of various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Synthesis and the Reactivity of 4‐[4‐(Chloromethyl)styryl]‐1,2‐dimethyl‐5‐nitro‐1H‐imidazole in TDAE Strategy.
Authors: Primas Nicolas , Neilde Kevin , Kabri Youssef , Crozet Maxime D. , Terme Thierry , Vanelle Patrice 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of the title species (IV) is based on Stille cross‐coupling of stannane (I) with 4‐bromoimidazole (II) followed by deprotection and chlorination.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Assisted Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Metathesis Reactions.
Authors: Luebbe Christa , Dumrath Andreas , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias , Kadyrov Renat 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe addition of Fe(acac) and NaPF6 enhances the metathesis activity of the ruthenium carbene catalyst.