bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal feature enhanced Bi-LSTM model for harmonic power load identification in distribution network
Authors: Yang Renzeng , Peng Shuang , Yao Gang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The scene of harmonic pollution in active distribution network is complex, and the data-driven harmonic load identification method needs to fully extract the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of harmonic power sequence signals to improve the recognition. In order to improve the intelligent identification of the harmonic loads in distribution network, a method of harmonic power load identification based on parameters optimization variational mode decomposition and long short-term memory network is proposed. Firstly, the harmonic apparent power distortion rate of nonlinear load is calculated based on the IEEE Std.1459–2010 power theory. Then, the arithmetic optimization algorithm was used to optimize the penalty parameter and the number of mode components of the variational mode decomposition of the harmonic power sequence, and the modal component sequences with obvious feature information were selected to reshape the input feature vectors of the neural network. Finally, the bidirectional long short-term memory network is used to adaptively extract the nonlinear characteristics of harmonic power sequences, and the harmonic loads in the distribution network are identified. Experimental results show that the method can accurately and effectively identify the harmonic power loads in distribution network without knowing the harmonic loads detailed information in advance.
Internationally Educated Nurse Integration as a Strategy to Support Health Workforce Transformation: A Realist Evaluation Protocol
Authors: Indar Alyssa , Sim Meaghan , Martin-Misener Ruth , Sampalli Tara , Guk Julia , Rose Annette Elliott , Murphy Gail Tomblin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has amplified nursing shortages. In Canada, there have been targeted efforts to address the critical issue of nursing recruitment and retention. In 2022, the province of Nova Scotia addressed this need by collaborating with intersectoral partners to support the recruitment and integration of internationally educated nurses (IENs).
Methods and Analysis:
We will use a realist evaluation approach (Pawson & Tilley, 1997) to explore the integration of IENs in Nova Scotia. Data will be collected via relevant document review and semi-structured interviews with selected IENs (n = 15–20) and partners that have supported IEN recruitment and integration (n = 15–20). Examples of partners include senior leaders [macro-level]; managers, clinical nurse educators [meso-level]; and preceptors [micro-level]. Interviews will be audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data will be analyzed to generate context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOCs); with a focus on identifying specific strategies and contextual factors that promote successful integration for IENs.
Ethics and Dissemination:
This research study is led by a Health System Impact Postdoctoral Fellow, co-funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and Nova Scotia Health. This research study has received approval from the Nova Scotia Health Research Ethics Board (#1030123). The findings from this evaluation will inform strategic nursing workforce planning in Nova Scotia and will also be of interest to health care leaders and decision-makers seeking strategies to improve targeted supports for IENs in other jurisdictions and other internationally educated health professionals.
Optimized Bio-Electrochemical Systems: Enhancing MFC Performance with S. cerevisiae
Authors: Essa Maria , Mehar Saima , Rehman Haneef Ur 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology offers an innovative and sustainable solution for energy production, particularly in electricity-deprived regions. This study focuses on the design of a microbial biofuel cell that utilizes S. cerevisiae to generate bioelectricity from fisheries wastewate through bio-elecrochemical reaction. The MFC system harnesses electrons released during biochemical reactions catalyzed by microorganisms. Optimization of physical parameters was performed to maximize bioelectricity generation from fisheries wastewater. The results revealed that S. cerevisiae-based MFC achieved the highest bioelectricity production at 35 ºC, pH 8, and an incubation period of 72 hours. To enhance performance, a flow rate of 50 mL/min of oxygen in the wastewater was found to be the most effective for bioelectricity generation. The findings demonstrate the practicality and sustainability of the S. cerevisiae-based MFC as a viable technique for both bioelectricity production and wastewater management in the fisheries industry. This innovative approach not only addresses the basic electricity needs of electricity-deprived regions but also helps mitigate wastewater pollution, presenting an environmentally friendly solution. The study highlights the potential of MFC technology to contribute to renewable energy generation and environmental sustainability in regions reliant on fisheries wastewater.
A Real-Time Task Balancing Strategy for IoT Networks Using Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Wilson Michael , Nunoo-Mensah Henry , Boateng Kwame Osei , Acheampong Francisca Adoma 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

IoT devices relying on cloud-based computing resources for data processing are causing unsustainable growth and latency, thus making their dependence on these computing resources a foremost challenge to real-time and time-critical IoT applications. Researchers have proffered several approaches, but notable amongst them are the bio-inspired optimisation methods due to their ability to model stochastic environments efficiently. This paper proposes a bio-inspired load-balancing optimisation approach for reducing latency in IoT networks. The paper leverages the concept of “stigmergy” in social ants to create a metric for assessing the computational capacity, reliability, and availability of a node’s computing resources in a decentralised Internet of Things (IoT) network. The main contribution of this work is the design of a decentralised serverless computing paradigm for stateful(reliable) task offloading and data processing among end-user nodes in an IoT environment. A novel bio-inspired algorithm is designed for latency reduction and optimal load-balancing in any collaborative data processing environment without a centralised server. This work also introduces the concept of computing pheromones as a metric for assessing computation resource capacity and availability in decentralised data processing environments, which paves the way for more efficient and reliable IoT data processing solutions. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed IoT data processing approach, highlighting improvements in response time and turnaround time compared to existing approaches.
Studies on cytocompatibility of human dermal fibroblasts on carbon nanofiber nanoparticle-containing bioprinted constructs
Authors: Raja Iruthayapandi Selestin , Kim Chuntae , Kang Moon Sung , Joung Yoon Ki , Lee Jong Hun , Han Dong-Wook 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Functional nanocomposite-based printable inks impart strength, mechanical stability, and bioactivity to the printed matrix due to the presence of nanomaterials or nanostructures. Carbonaceous nanomaterials are known to improve the electrical conductivity, osteoconductivity, mechanical, and thermal properties of printed materials. In the current work, we have incorporated carbon nanofiber nanoparticles (CNF NPs) into methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) to investigate whether the resulting nanocomposite printable ink promotes cell proliferation. Two kinds of printable constructs, viz., cell-laden bioink and biomaterial ink, were prepared by incorporating various concentrated CNF NPs. The in vitro cell line studies using normal human dermal fibroblasts (nHDF) were carried out to investigate the difference in cell proliferation between them for 7 days. The results demonstrated that CNF NPs have the potential to cause dose-dependent cytotoxicity, and the effect is at a significant level in the highly concentrated bioink scaffolds (GM100 and GM150). However, they did not trigger considerable cell toxicity in the biomaterial scaffolds. It was concluded that incorporation of CNF NPs into the printable ink could affect cell proliferation at the investigated NPs’ concentration and hence prove not suitable for skin tissue regeneration.
Insights into neurobiological mechanism of probabilistic decision-making impairments in schizophrenia from Akt1 and PV interneurons in mice
Authors: Lai Wen-Sung , Chang Chia-Yuan , Chen Ching , Liu Ya-Wen , Gau Shiang-Shin , Pan Yu-Ling 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Schizophrenia, a debilitating disorder with genetic and neurobiological underpinnings, often manifests cognitive deficits, including impaired decision-making. Utilizing Akt1 heterozygous mutant (HET) mice as a model, which mimic schizophrenia due to AKT1’s implication as a susceptibility gene, we investigated the involvement of Akt1 and its neural mechanisms influencing strategic decision-making to identify potential therapeutic targets for schizophrenia-associated cognitive impairments. In six experiments, we first revealed that lesions targeting the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) significantly impacted performance in a mouse version of the two-choice probabilistic decision-making task, surpassing effects observed in other striatal subregions. Behavioral assessments in HET mice unveiled notable disturbances, including reduced accumulated trials to reach criteria, diminished ratio of lose-stay behavior, elevated learning rates, and decreased choice consistency in reinforcement learning models. Moreover, we found a strong correlation between DMS local field potential power and choice behavior, particularly evident in no-reward conditions. The behavioral abnormalities observed in HET mice were restored when the DMS was chemogenetically inhibited, while their locomotor activity remained unaffected. Furthermore, RNAseq analysis and immunohistochemistry uncovered reduced expression of striatal parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in HET mice. Targeted lesioning of PV interneurons in the DMS of wild-type mice resulted in behavioral alterations mirroring those in HET mice. In summary, our findings suggest that Akt1 deficiency-induced downregulation of PV expression alters neural oscillations in the DMS, influencing choice strategies, especially in no-reward conditions during probabilistic decision-making. These results underscore the crucial involvement of AKT1 and PV interneurons in modulating strategic decision-making, with particular relevance to the understanding of schizophrenia.
Unveiling potential threats: backdoor attacks in single-cell pretrained models
Authors: Chen Shengquan , Feng Sicheng , Li Siyu , Chen Luonan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Single-cell pretrained models, despite their superior performance, face significant yet often overlooked threats from backdoor attacks. Here we propose a straightforward backdoor strategy to demonstrate the vulnerabilities of these models, achieving high attack success rates while maintaining clean accuracy. We also suggest five potential defense strategies to mitigate these threats. Our findings underscore the imperative for the biomedical community to adopt robust defense mechanisms to safeguard research integrity and reliability.
CARD8 polymorphisms among bacterial meningitis patients in North-West Ethiopia
Authors: Belayneh Meseret , Mengesha Mesfin , Idosa Berhane A. , Fentaw Surafel , Moges Biniyam , Tazu Zelalem , Assefa Meseret , Garpenholt Örjan , Persson Alexander , Sarndahl Eva , Abate Ebba , Sall Olof , Gelaw Baye 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The severity of infectious disease outcomes is believed to depend on the virulence factors of the pathogen in combination with individuals’ unique immune response. CARD8 has been suggested to act as a regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a major regulator of the innate immune proinflammatory response, and has been suggested to modulate the host response to common inflammatory diseases. In the present study, the C10X genetic polymorphism in the CARD8 gene was investigated in relation to bacterial meningitis.
Methods
A total of 400 clinically suspected meningitis patients hospitalized at the University of Gondar Comprehensive specialized Hospital were enrolled in the study. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples were collected from all enrolled patients for laboratory investigations. The collected CSF was cultured, and all the results obtained from the culture were confirmed using direct RT‒PCR. Genotyping of whole-blood samples was performed for CARD8 gene using a TaqMan assay. The results were compared with apparently healthy controls and with PCR-negative meningitis suspected patients.
Results
Of the included patients, 57% were men and the most common clinical signs and symptoms were fever (81%), headache (80%), neck stiffness (76%), nausea (68%), and vomiting (67%). Microbiology culture identified seven patients with bacterial meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis (n = 4) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 3). The RT-PCR revealed 39 positive samples for N. meningitidis (n = 10) and S. pneumoniae (n = 29). A total of 332 whole-blood samples were genotyped, with the following results: 151 (45.5%) C10X heterozygotes, 59 (17.7%) C10X homozygotes and 122 (36.7%) wild-type genotypes. The presence of the C10X polymorphism in the CARD8 gene was more prevalent in suspected meningitis patients than in healthy controls (OR 1.2; 1.00-1.5). Homozygote C10X polymorphic gene carriers were more susceptible to infectious disease. The presence of viable or active bacterial infection was found to be associated with the presence of heterozygous C10X carriers.
Conclusions
A greater proportion of C10X in the CARD8 gene in confirmed bacterial meningitis patients and clinically diagnosed meningitis patients than in healthy controls. Homozygote C10X polymorphic gene carriers were more susceptible to infectious disease than were heterozygote gene carriers and healthy controls.
Adolescents Perceptions and Behaviors Towards Periodic Health Examinations in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrukban Mohammed , Alsultan Ahmad , Alnasser Alwaleed , Alayban Ahmed , Almousa Mohammed , Alotaibi Salman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate and assess the awareness, knowledge, and level of application of recommended Periodic health examinations (PHEs) for adolescents in Riyadh. Methods: Descriptive Cross-sectional study, conducted among adolescents between June 2022 and January 2023. The Sample size was 1199 adolescents of both genders, between the ages of 12-20 years, studying in intermediate and secondary schools in Riyadh. The sample of participants was collected through a stratified multistage random sampling technique. Ethical approval and Ministry of Education acceptance were considered. The data was collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire containing close-ended questions. The level of knowledge was assessed by using three knowledge items; PHE definition, PHEs performance time, and the list of recommended PHEs known. The level of performance was assessed based on the performance of recommended (Six recommended PHEs by Saudi CDC) and none-recommended (Nine non-recommended PHEs as distractors). Results: Among the (1199) adolescents, the vast majority (70.6%) were aware of the PHEs. There is a positive attitude of adolescents toward PHEs, with (75.8%) acknowledging their importance and (87.1%) willing to undergo PHEs if given the opportunity. Despite this positive attitude, the actual knowledge and performance of PHEs remains relatively low, with (56.1%) being illiterate about it and only (36.8%) having undergone PHEs at least once, and a smaller percentage (26.1%) doing so regularly. There was a clear association (p<0.05) between the level of knowledge and application. Adolescents with adequate knowledge had a higher prevalence of application (56.8% VS 43.2%). There was an association between Adolescents' level of education and their levels of knowledge and performance (p<0.05). The more educated adolescents the higher their knowledge level and performance level. There was also an association between the availability of health insurance and application. The presence of health insurance increases the probability of applying PHEs. The most used sources of information regarding PHEs were digital sources (62.1%). Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a positive attitude of adolescents toward PHEs. The study highlights a disparity in knowledge and performance of PHEs among adolescents, influenced by socio-demographic factors such as gender, nationality, type of school, and parental education. Females and students from private or international schools, as well as those with higher levels of parental education, demonstrated better knowledge and higher performance rates of PHEs. The research underscores the role of digital sources in educating adolescents about PHEs. This study emphasizes the need for targeted educational interventions to improve adolescent knowledge and performance of PHEs, considering the identified barriers and socio-demographic influences.
The Metabolic Relevance of Locomotion Type in 30-second all-out Anaerobic Testing: Running, Cycling, and Jumping
Authors: Kishalı Necip Fazıl , Kıyıcı Fatih , Yılmaz Hasan Hüseyin , Özbay Serhat , Gençoğlu Cebrail , Öget Furkan , Hoos Olaf , Kaufmann Sebastian , Atasever Gökhan , Seren Kemalettin , Ulupınar Süleyman , Çabuk Salih 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background/objective: This study aims to compare and analyze the metabolic profiles of 30 s all-out running, jumping and, cycling.
Methods: Sixteen male team sports players performed 30s all-out running (RUN30), cycling (WAnT) and, jumping (CJ30) tests. Pre, during and, post-test, oxygen consumption (VO2) using a portable metabolic gas analyzer and blood lactate concentration [BLa] were measured and the metabolic profiles were estimated using the PCr-LA-O2 method.
Results: RUN30's anaerobic-alactic (EPCr) energy was significantly higher than WAnT and CJ30, indicating a major difference in anaerobic-alactic power output. RUN30 and WAnT's anaerobic-lactic (EBLC) energy surpassed CJ30's, suggesting a pronounced reliance on anaerobic-lactic pathways. No significant differences in aerobic energy contribution (EAER) were observed among test modalities, but the small effect size indicates a consistent contribution of aerobic metabolism across 30-second, high-intensity exercises. Total energy expenditure was significantly higher in RUN30 and WAnT than in CJ30, highlighting the substantial metabolic demand of these activities compared to jumping.
Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of exercise mode in determining the metabolic demands and energy contributions during 30-second all-out efforts. RUN30 and WAnT had higher overall and anaerobic energy expenditure than CJ30, emphasizing the need to select anaerobic tests based on relevant metabolic profiles.
Comorbidity-based framework for Alzheimer’sdisease classification using graph neural networks
Authors: Abuhantash Ferial , Abuhantash Mohd. K , AlShehhi Aamna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, requires early prediction for timely intervention. Current research meets this requirement by using machine learning methods based on patient features, yet they encounter issues with high-dimensional data and bias. To mitigate these issues, we introduce a framework for AD prediction using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Leveraging data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), our study employs GNNs for binary and multi-class classification of Alzheimer's disease across its three stages: cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Initial steps involve creating a patient-clinical graph network considering latent relationships CN, MCI, and AD patients, followed by training several GNN-based techniques for building prediction models. By incorporating comorbidity data derived from electronic health records (EHR) into the feature set, we achieved the most effective multi-classification results. Notably, the GNN model with ChebConv layers (Chebyshev Convolutional Neural Networks) not only outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in multi-class AD classification, achieving an accuracy of 0.98, but also demonstrates remarkable stability with accuracies of 0.99, 0.93, and 0.94 in AD/CN, AD/MCI, and CN/MCI classification tasks respectively. This work contributes to the field by addressing the limitations of high-dimensional data and bias, offering a robust, accurate, and cost-effective method for early AD prediction using GNNs and EHR-derived data.
Study of alternative current conduction mechanisms on the -LiFeO 2 - Based solid electrolyte
Authors: Alnafea Abdulaziz Abdulmohsen , Chakchouk Narimen , Siddiq Hala Ahmed , Dhaoua Mohamed Houcine , Rhaiem Abdallah Ben 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

LiFeO2 layered oxides were synthesized using an enhanced solid-state synthesis technique. Rietveld refinement of the crystal structure revealed that the synthesized materials adopt a cubic system with the Fm-3m space group. The morphological study of our compound was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The sample consists of small primary particles on the microscopic scale with a size between 0.20 and 0.75 µm. The vibrational investigation carried out by IR spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of FeO6 and LiO6 groups.The semiconductor characteristics of the compound were verified by optical measurement, indicating a bandgap of approximately 2 eV. The dielectric properties of the material were evaluated over a frequency range of 0.1 to 107 Hz at temperatures ranging from 333 K to 523 K.The real part of the dielectric permittivity suggests a high dielectric constant at low frequency and indicates the existence of both space charge and dipolar polarizations.The frequency-dependent conductivity was interpreted according to Jonscher's law. The variation of the power law exponent with temperature suggests that the conduction behavior of the LiFeO2 compound can be attributed to the large superimposed polaron tunneling (OLPT) model with activation energy Ea = 0.26 eV.
Correction to at Least Neutral Alignment during High Tibial Osteotomy is Sufficient in Reducing the Knee Adduction Moment
Authors: Kang Kee Soo , Lee Na-Kyoung , Lee Kyoung Min , Chang Chong Bum , Kang Seung-Baik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) for varus knee osteoarthritis traditionally aims to overcorrect the mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA) to become valgus. However, valgus overcorrection in HTO increases problems such as knee joint line abnormality, hinge fracture, and patellar height change. Thus, there is a trend to avoid overcorrection, but biomechanical basis for abandoning the overcorrection is lacking. From a dynamic perspective, medial-to-lateral knee joint load distribution during gait can be reflected by knee adduction moment (KAM), and the main purpose of HTO is to reduce the KAM increased during gait due to varus alignment. We tried to reveal the association between the KAM obtained from three-dimensional gait analysis and various static alignment parameters, including mTFA, measured from the standing whole limb anteroposterior radiograph and through this, to suggest a dynamically optimal target for HTO. When grouped according to the alignment by the interval of 1°, lower extremities with 3° to 8° of varus had greater KAM values than those with 0° to 5° of valgus. However, within groups of 0° to 5° of valgus, there were no significant differences. Therefore, the varus must be corrected to at least neutral alignment during HTO, but valgus overcorrection does not further reduce the KAM.