bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigenic Determinants on Fimbriae of Serratia marcescens US5 Analyzed Using Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Jingushi Seiya , Mitsuyama Masao , Moriya Tetsuhiro , Kawabata Shunichiro , Iwanaga Sadaaki , Amako Kazunobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe antigenic sites on small thin fimbriae of Serratia marcescens strain US5 were investigated using immunoelectron microscopy and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Negative staining of the fimbriae after treatment with MAbs showed a regularly spaced arrangement of the antibody molecules. When the subunit peptide was subjected to immunoblotting using the MAbs, a single band with a molecular weight of approximately 19kD was evident. This binding of the MAbs to the subunit peptide was completely abrogated after treatment with 2‐mercaptoethanol, thereby suggesting the important role of disulfide linkage in the maintenance of the conformation of the antigenic site reacted with MAbs. Amino acid analysis of the subunit peptide revealed two cysteine residues, and cysteine residues were absent in the N‐terminal portion.
Detection of Specific Antibodies against Fimbriae and Membrane Proteins from the Oral Anaerobe Bacteroides gingivalis in Patients with Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Yoshimura Fuminobu , Sugano Toshikazu , Kawanami Masamitsu , Kato Hiroshi , Suzuki Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSera from a number of patients with periodontal diseases were shown to have specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against fimbriae and membrane proteins of Bacteroides gingivalis, a suspected pathogen, by using Western blotting analysis. The sera had a strong tendency to react with fimbriae, or exactly oligomeric structures of fimbriae with a native β‐structure rich‐conformation. However, the sera did not react with fimbrilin, a constituent protein of fimbriae, which is denatured by sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Adhesion of Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and Bovine Mastitis Escherichia coli Strains to Rat Embryonic Fibroblasts: Role of Amino‐Terminal Domain of Fibronectin in Bacterial Adhesion
Authors: Faris Ahmed , Fröman Gunnar , Switalski Lech , Höök Magnus 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAdherence of human enterotoxigenic and bovine mastitis Escherichia coli to rat embryonic fibroblasts was studied. Adhesion of E. coli strains B34289c (human) and 1407 (bovine) was rapid and reached maximum after 30–40 min. Strain 1410 (bovine), which binds fibronectin but not its 29K amino‐terminal fragment, did not adhere to the fibroblasts. Strain B34289c grown at 25 C or below and at 40 C or above lost its binding and adhesive properties simultaneously. Maximum binding and adhesion for this strain was achieved when it was grown at 33 C. Strains grown at this temperature adsorbed to fibronectin‐, 29K fragment‐, and Octyl Sepharose, with the exception of bovine strain 1410, which did not adsorb to 29K‐Sepharose as expected. None of the strains adsorbed to cross‐linked Sepharose 4B. 29K‐IgG and Fab fragments thereof specifically blocked both binding (max 55%) and adhesion (>95%). Sonicated and trypsin‐treated bacteria were no longer able to bind or adhere. The supernatant of sonicated bacteria inhibited both binding and adhesion. Penicillin G at 0.5 μg/ml (1/5 minimal inhibitory concentration: MIC) and tetracycline at 0.2 μg/ml (1/5 MIC), when included in the growth medium, suppressed the cell surface components responsible for fibronectin binding and fibroblast adhesion. The presence of fibronectin was demonstrated in the fibroblast extracellular matrix by immunofluorescens with 29K‐IgG antibodies.
Effects of Panose on Glucan Synthesis and Cellular Adherence by Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Koga Toshihiko , Horikoshi Toshio , Fujiwara Taku , Hamada Shigeyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effects of panose on glucan synthesis and sucrose‐dependent cellular adherence by Streptococcus mutans were investigated. Panose effectively inhibited glucan synthesis from sucrose by glucosyltransferases from S. mutans strain 6715, but increasing amounts of panose increased the release of fructose from sucrose by the enzymes. On the other hand, production of a series of oligosaccharides of increasing size by the enzymes was markedly enhanced in the presence of panose. These results indicate that panose activates the enzymes and that the inhibition of glucan synthesis by panose is due to the transfer of the glucosyl group of sucrose to panose. Sucrose‐dependent adherence of cells of various S. mutans strains to a glass surface was also inhibited by panose.
Pathogenesis of Lupus Dermatoses in Autoimmune Mice
Authors: Furukawa Fukumi , Taniguchi Shinkichi , Tachibana Takao , Horiguchi Yuji , Kanauchi Hideo , Ohshio Gakuji , Hamashima Yoshihiro , Imamura Sadao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe measured histamine concentration and its metabolizing enzymes in the skin of MRL/Mp‐lpr/lpr (MRL/l) and BXSB mice to clarify the contribution of histamine metabolism to the mechanisms of the development of lupus dermatoses. The concentration of histamine seemed to differ with the mouse strain. The activity of histamine‐N‐methyltransferase (HMT), one of two major metabolizing enzymes, was significantly lower in the tail and back skin of MRL/l mice at the age of 5 months than in the control MRL/Mp‐+/+ (MRL/n) mice, although there were no characteristic differences among several mouse strains of 1 mo of age. In the back skin of MRL/l mice, an age‐dependent decrease of HMT activity was observed along with a corresponding decrease in histamine concentration, whereas an age‐dependent increase of both HMT activity and histamine concentration was demonstrated in BXSB mice and other control mouse strains. Autoimmune‐prone male BXSB mice and non‐autoimmune female BXSB mice at 5 mo of age showed similar HMT activity. Corticosteroid treatment restored HMT activity in the skin of MRL/l mice but not in MRL/n mice. In addition, the change in HMT activity in MRL/l mice treated with corticosteroid appeared earlier than changes in clinicopathological examinations including skin eruptions, dermatopathology and proteinuria. Diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, another major metabolizing enzyme, was not detected in the skin of any autoimmune or control mouse strains. These findings suggest that the low activity of HMT in the skin of MRL/l mice plays a significant pathological role in the development of spontaneous lupus‐like eruption. In other mouse strains, it is assumed that HMT activity is regulated by genetic factors.
Nature of Monocyclic β‐Lactam Antibiotic Nocardicin A to β‐Lactamases
Authors: Kojo Hitoshi , Mine Yasuhiro , Nishida Minoru , Goto Sachiko , Kuwahara Shogo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNocardicin A is the antibiotic which was first found to possess a monocyclic β‐lactam ring. This antibiotic was inactivated by the cleavage of its β‐lactam ring. The direct spectrophotometric assay was applied to measure the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of Nocardicin A. Nocardicin A was highly stable to both chromosomal and plasmid‐mediated β‐lactamases. Of the nine β‐lactam antibiotics including cefoxitin and cefuroxime, Nocardicin A was the most stable to the β‐lactamases tested excluding those from Klebsiella oxytoca and Proteus vulgaris. The latter broad‐spectrum β‐lactamases hydrolyzed Nocardicin A rather intensively. Extreme stability of Nocardicin A to β‐lactamases was suggested to be due to the combination of its low affinity to the enzymes and stabilization of its monocyclic β‐lactam ring. Nocardicin A was shown to have inducing ability toward β‐lactamases.
Simplified Method for Preparation of Concentrated Exoproteins Produced by Staphylococcus aureus Grown on Surface of Cellophane Bag Containing Liquid Medium
Authors: Ikigai Hajime , Seki Keiko , Nishihara Shoko , Masuda Shogo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA simplified method for preparation of concentrated exoproteins including protein A and α‐toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus was successfully devised. The concentrated proteins were obtained by cultivating S. aureus organisms on the surface of a liquid medium‐containing cellophane bag enclosed in a sterilized glass flask. With the same amount of medium, the total amount of proteins obtained by the method presented here was identical with that obtained by conventional liquid culture. The concentration of proteins obtained by the method, however, was high enough to observe their distinct bands stained on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This method was considered quite useful not only for large‐scale cultivation for the purification of staphylococcal proteins but also for small‐scale study using the proteins. The precise description of the method was presented and its possible usefulness was discussed.
A Seroepidemiologic Study of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Barbers in Huangshi City, Hubei, China
Authors: Shaoliang She , Luyuan Shi , Yuanjian Wu , Zhanzhao Li , Cuanzheng Zheng , Yingping Wu , Xinghai Yu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBetween March and August 1986 in Huangshi City, serum samples were collected from 316 apparently healthy barbers as a study group, as well as from 361 healthy employees of department stores as a control group. They were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti‐HBs) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) by enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assays. Barbers showed a prevalence higher than that in controls for HBsAg (16.8 vs. 9.2%, P<0.01), anti‐HBs (67.1 vs. 45.9%, P<0.001), and anti‐HBc (39.2 vs. 21.2%, P<0.001). The prevalence of at least one marker of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was significantly higher in barbers than in controls (86.1 vs. 61.7%, P<0.001). Although the socioeconomic status and education level did not correlate with the frequency of HBV markers, the prevalence of HBsAg increased in parallel with the duration of practice. Because of their high risk for HBV infection, barbers need to be screened for markers of HBV infection on a routine basis, and are prime candidates for immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B vaccine.
Physical and Functional Map of an Amikacin‐Resistance Plasmid Isolated from a Multiresistant Strain of Serratia marcescens
Authors: Kanno Rieko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractpTK159, a multiresistance 40‐kilobase (kb) plasmid, was isolated from a clinical strain of Serratia marcescens. pTK159 was nonconjugative and carried determinants for resistance to amikacin, streptomycin/spectinomycin, sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. A physical and functional map of pTK159 was constructed. By cloning various fragments of pTK159 in pACYC184 or pBR322, genes for resistance to amikacin, streptomycin/spectinomycin, and sulfamethoxazole were found to be located on a 2.0‐kb BamHI‐HindIII fragment, a 1.4‐kb HindIII fragment and a 2.1‐kb HindIII fragment, respectively. The map of pTK159 was compared with published maps of amikacin‐resistance determinants and transposons.
Regulation of in vivo Immunological Reactions by Monoclonal Antibody against Lymphocyte Activation Antigen
Authors: Yuasa Hiroo , Uede Toshimitsu , Wada Takuro , Yamaguchi Akira , Murakami Toshiya , Osawa Hisao , Diamantstein Tibor , Kikuchi Kokichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn vivo effects of a monoclonal antibody that recognizes rat lymphocyte activation antigen were studied. Spleen cells obtained from sheep red blood cell (SRBC)‐immunized rats developed strong PFC response against SRBC. However, the 5C6‐F4 treatment resulted in the inhibition of subsequent development of PFC response. The suppression of PFC response was due to the inhibition of generation of helper T cells, but not due to the preferential induction of suppressor cells. In addition, 5C6‐F4 antibody was also found to inhibit the clinical expression of collagen‐induced rat arthritis and the synovial inflammation in collagen‐induced arthritis rats. Furthermore, the in vivo generation of cytotoxic cells against syngeneic tumor cells was also inhibited by 5C6‐F4 antibody. The in vivo administration of 5C6‐F4 antibody did not cause any pathological changes in brain, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Cytopathic Effect of Heat‐Labile Toxin of Bordetella parapertussis on Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells from Pigs or Guinea Pigs
Authors: Endoh Masahiko , Nagai Masaaki , Ueda Tetsuro , Yoshida Yoji , Nakase Yasukiyo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe in vitro effect of the heat‐labile toxin (HLT) of Bordetella parapertussis on HeLa, baby hamster kidney (BHK), chinese hamster ovary (CHO), myeloma (P3‐NS‐1), human embryonic lung (HEL‐R66) cells, erythrocytes, adipocytes and lymphocytes from guinea pigs, mice or rats, or aortic smooth muscle cells from pigs or guinea pigs was examined. Within 8, 6, 4, 2, and 2 hr after the exposure to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 MNDs/ml of HLT, respectively, the cultured smooth muscle cells only showed a cytopathic change. When the cells exposed to HLT were washed out within 60 min post‐exposure, the change could be induced with an extend period of lag. Histamine, KCl or norepinephrine caused similar change in the cells, but the period of lag was within 30 min. The HLT activity was neutralized by an anti‐B. parapertussis‐ or B. bronchiseptica‐HLT guinea pig IgG. HLT had no effects on any other cells tested.
Electron Microscopic Observations on Tracheal Epithelia of Mice Infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica
Authors: Sekiya Kachiko , Futaesaku Yutaka , Nakase Yasukiyo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo clarify the pathogenesis of Bordetella in vivo infection, the tracheal epithelia of mice were examined in detail by electron microscopy at various intervals after intranasal inoculation with graded doses of phase I Bordetella bronchiseptica. In mice infected with a lethal dose (6 to 7 × 107 CFU), a remarkable rupture of the cell membranes of cilia and microvilli of the middle trachea was found on day I postinfection. The rupture of the membrane was observed over the entire tracheal epithelia, on day 2 after infection. The affected cilia were constricted at the transitional region and were broken off. In the ciliated cells the adherence of organisms to ciliary apexes and colonization in the interciliary spaces were also remarkable. In both the ciliated and nonciliated epithelial cells, the cytoplasmic vacuolation and pyknosis or karyorrehexis were also notable. In mice infected with one‐tenth of the lethal dose, similar findings were seen, but appeared more slowly and the bacteria were not seen attaching to ciliary apexes. In mice receiving one‐hundredth of the lethal dose, only mild cilial abnormality such as aggregation of cilia, and slight cytoplasmic vacuolation were found 6 days postinfection. Based on these findings, a possible mechanism of the ciliary damages produced by B. bronchiseptica was postulated.
Luminol‐Dependent Chemiluminescence in Antibody‐Sensitized Neutrophils Stimulated with Protein A‐Bearing Staphylococci
Authors: Nishihara Shoko , Seki Keiko , Ikigai Hajime , Masuda Shogo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhen mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) sensitized with rabbit antibody to mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were stimulated by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I cells, a conspicuous luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence was observed in the absence of opsonin. The profile of the chemiluminescence (CL) response evoked by staphylococcal cells from antibody‐sensitized PMNs had two peaks. An initial peak, observed within 1 min after stimulation, was sharp and high and a second peak, observed about 5 min after stimulation, was low and extended. The CL response of antibody‐sensitized PMNs stimulated by S. aureus Cowan I cells was dose‐dependently blocked by preincubation with soluble SpA. Cells of a mutant derived from S. aureus Cowan I strain with trace amounts of cell‐bound SpA failed to stimulate the antibody‐sensitized PMNs to generate the CL response. The antibody‐sensitized PMNs were found to phagocytize SpA‐bearing S. aureus cells even in the absence of opsonic serum. These results suggest that the observation presented here might provide a useful tool for the investigation of CL response of PMNs.
Priming Activity for Chemiluminescence Reaction of PMN in the Culture Supernatant of Streptococcal Preparation (OK‐432)‐Stimulated Spleen Cells
Authors: Fukase Yoko , Fukase Shigeru , Sendo Fujiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe investigated the effect of supernatant from human spleen cell culture stimulated with a streptococcal preparation, OK‐432 (OK sup), on the luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence (CL) of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The fMLP‐stimulated CL of PMN was markedly enhanced by the pretreatment with OK sup. This result indicates that OK sup contained the factor(s) that primes fMLP‐stimulated CL of PMN. The priming factor(s) in OK sup was partially inactivated by the treatment at 56 C for 30 min and pH 2 or pH 10 treatments. Since the enhancing effect of OK sup on the CL was inhibited by the treatment of sodium azide and the addition of catalase or taurine, it was assumed that OK sup augments the activity of MPO‐H2O2‐HOCl system of fMLP‐stimulated PMN.
Structural Heterogeneity Regarding Local Shwartzman Activity of Lipid A
Authors: Mashimo Jun‐ichi , Tanaka Chiharu , Arata Satoru , Akiyama Yuri , Hata Seiichi , Hirayama Tohru , Egawa Kiyoshi , Kasai Nobuhiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe relation of chemical structure to local Shwartzman activity of lipid A preparations purified by thin‐layer chromatography from five bacterial strains was examined. Two lipid A fractions from E. coli F515—Ec‐A2 and Ec‐A3—exhibited strong activity, similar to that of previous synthetic E. coli‐type lipid A (compound 506 or LA‐15‐PP). The Ec‐A3 fraction contained a component that appeared to be structurally identical to compound 506, and the main component of Ec‐A2 fraction was structurally similar to compound 506 except that it carried a 3‐hydroxytetradecanoyl group at the C‐3′ position of the backbone in place of a 3‐tetradecanoyl‐oxytetradecanoyl group. Free lipid A (12 C) and purified lipid A fractions, Ec‐A2 (12 C) and Ec‐A3 (12 C), respectively, obtained from bacteria grown at 12 C, exhibited activity comparable to Ec‐A2 or Ec‐A3. In these preparations, a large part of the 3‐dodecanoyloxytetradecanoyl group might be replaced by 3‐hexadecenoyloxytetradecanoyl group. Salmonella minnesota R595 free lipid A also contained at least two active lipid A components as seen in E. coli lipid A, but the third component corresponding to the synthetic Salmonella‐type lipid A (compound 516 or LA‐16‐PP) exhibited low activity. A lipid A fraction, Cv‐A4 from Chromobacterium violaceum IFO 12614, which was proposed to have two acyloxyacyl groups at the C‐2 and C‐2′ positions with other acyl groups, exhibited weaker activity than the free lipid A or LPS. The purified lipid A fractions from Pseudomonas diminuta JCM 2788 and Pseudomonas vesicularis JCM 1477 contained an unusual backbone with 2,3‐diamino‐2,3‐dideoxy‐d‐glucose disaccharide phosphomonoester, and these lipid A (Pd‐A3 and Pv‐A3) exhibited strong activity comparable to the E. coli lipid A. Thus, the present results show that the local Shwartzman reaction can be expressed by partly different lipid A structures in both hydrophilic backbone and fatty acyl residues; when they have the same backbone the potency varies markedly depending on the structure of the acyl residues.
The Growth of Compact and Diffuse Variants of Staphylococcus aureus in Bovine Mastitic and Normal Whey
Authors: Mattila Tiina , O'Boyle Denise , Frost Alan J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStrains of Staphylococcus aureus producing either diffuse or compact colonies in serum‐soft agar were grown in bovine normal and mastitic whey. Bacterial growth was followed by automated turbidometry. Compact strains multiplied faster and to higher final numbers in mastitic whey than diffuse strains, whereas diffuse strains grew to higher numbers in normal whey. Nutrients (hemolysed bovine blood, bovine serum, proteose‐peptone) were added to normal whey to enhance bacterial growth as in mastitic whey. The growth‐promoting effect of these nutrients was dose‐dependent for compact strains but not for diffuse strains. The difference in the growth characteristics of diffuse and compact strains in bovine whey explains some aspects of the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis.
Validity of an Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Serotype‐Specific Monoclonal Antibodies for Serotyping Human Rotavirus in Stool Specimens
Authors: Urasawa Shozo , Urasawa Tomoko , Taniguchi Koki , Morita Yasuyuki , Sakurada Norio , Saeki Yoshito , Morita Osayuki , Hasegawa Sumiyo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe recently developed a method for serotyping human rotavirus (HRV) by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay with HRV serotype‐specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (ELISA serotyping). In the present study this method was compared with the fluorescent focus neutralization test with serotype‐specific rabbit antisera (NT serotyping) in the sensitivity and specificity of the test. Direct serotyping of HRVs which were contained in stool specimens indicated that while only 37% of the samples were successfully serotyped in NT, 78% of the samples could be serotyped in ELISA. Regarding the samples whose serotype could be determined in the two tests, the assigned serotypes were identical in both tests. The results obtained indicated the utility of ELISA serotyping in clinical and epidemiologic studies of HRV infection.
Evidence Suggesting That the Life Span of Mycobacterium avium Complex is Longer than That of Other Mycobacteria
Authors: Tsukamura Michio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMycobacterium avium complex strains often contain considerably more numbers of viable bacterial units per mg wet weight than other mycobacteria, especially other slowly growing ones. This finding suggests that the life span of M. avium complex strains is often longer than the life span of other mycobacteria. The other mycobacteria, especially slowly growing ones seem to die more rapidly after their multiplication.
Opsonic Effect of Fibronectin on Staphylococcal Phagocytosis by Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes: Its Relative Inefficiency in Post‐Phagocytic Metabolic Activities and in Intracellular Killing
Authors: Yonemasu Kunio , Sasaki Takako , Hashimoto Hiratsugu , Kashiba Shuzo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe binding of 125I‐labeled human plasma fibronectin (FN) to two strains of live Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (a coagulase‐positive Cowan I and a coagulase‐negative Newman D2C) and the opsonic effect of FN on phagocytosis of these bacteria by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) have been studied. 125I‐FN bound to a similar extent in both staphylococcal strains. The 125I‐FN‐binding was significantly inhibited by human fibrinogen as well as unlabeled FN. The FN‐binding was also reduced markedly by trypsinization of these bacteria, but the extent of its decrease did not correlate with their tryptic susceptibility of protein A and clumping factor. FN enhanced the uptake of these bacteria by PMN. However, its binding had no effect on superoxide anion (O2−) generation. The FN‐binding definitely stimulated staphylococcal ingestion and intracellular killing by PMN, but the extent of such promotion was dissimilar between these two strains of bacteria. These results suggest that post‐phagocytic metabolic activities as well as intracellular killing of these Staphylococci may also be greatly influenced by FN‐unrelated factors as are other bacteria having no FN‐receptors.