bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave‐assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of star anise oil from Illicium verum Hook.f
Authors: Cai Ming , Guo Xiangyang , Liang Hanhua , Sun Peilong 
Published: July 2013

SummaryIn this study, microwave‐assisted extraction with ethanol (MAEE) of star anise oil from Illicium verum Hook.f. has been optimised by response surface methodology (RSM). A maximum yield of star anise oil was obtained at an optimum condition: the ratio of solvent to sample 17 mL g−1, extraction time 16 min and microwave power 505 W. Accordingly, the highest yield of star anise oil was about 24.98%, which was much higher than that of steam distillation (SD), 7.17%. Oxygenated organic compounds in representative of trans‐anethole are a major component in star anise oil, nearly 94.21% for SD and 86.66% for MAEE, identified and determined by GC‐MS. The oils extracted by SD and MAEE both have strong antioxidant activities that were demonstrated by the DPPH and ABTS assays.
Physicochemical characterisation and oxidative stability of refined hoki oil, unrefined hoki oil and unrefined tuna oil
Authors: Tengku‐Rozaina Tengku Mohamad , Birch Edward John 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPhysicochemical characterisation and oxidative stability of refined hoki oil, unrefined hoki oil and unrefined tuna oil were carried out in the present study. Tuna oil contains a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (42.57%) than the hoki oils (28.79–30.13%), which have higher percentages of monounsaturated fatty acids (45.02–47.16%). All oils showed a good ratio of n‐3 to n‐6 fatty acid (7.01–8.10). Cholesterol contents in the unrefined hoki (5149.40 μg g−1) and tuna (2045.48 μg g−1) oils were higher than the refined hoki oil (1411.27 μg g−1). Tuna has a higher concentration of natural α‐tocopherol (752.49 μg g−1) but lower concentration of vitamin A (110.99 μg g−1) than unrefined hoki oil (151.44 μg g−1 and 997.60 μg g−1, respectively). Higher percentages of unsaponifiable matter were found in the hoki oils (4.90–7.24%) compared with the tuna oil (0.56%). The hoki oils appear more yellow than the tuna oil, which is darker by comparison. Moisture, p‐anisidine value and free fatty acid contents in the hoki oils were lower than the tuna oil. Other indicators of oxidative stability showed that the hoki oils were more stable than the tuna oil.
Sensory evaluations and stability determinations of goat milk containing galactooligosaccharides
Authors: Pruksasri Suwattana , Supee Kanjana 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of producing goat milk containing galactooligosaccharides (GOS) by β‐galactosidase and to determine the sensory attribute and stability of goat milk containing GOS. The results indicated that the maximum GOS obtained were approximately 13.9% of total sugars at pH 4.5 and temperature 40 °C. The sensory attribute of the obtained GOS was determined using a 5‐point hedonic scale in terms of taste, flavour, appearance and overall acceptability. There were significant increases in taste and overall acceptability of goat milk containing higher GOS concentration when compared to regular goat milk (control). Also, goat milk containing GOS presented a good stability over the acidic conditions. GOS in goat milk were also stable after the high heat treatment and shelf life conditions.
Quantification of soluble solids in reconstituted açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp using near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Sandra Koizimi Leandro , Luís Trevelin Carlos , José Pessoa Dalton Cruz , Luís Cunha Júnior Carlos , de Almeida Gustavo Teixeira Henrique 
Published: July 2013

SummaryAçaí consumption is increasing worldwide because of the growing recognition of its nutritional and therapeutic properties. This product is classified based on its soluble solids content (SS), but the determination of SS in pulp is time consuming, tedious and not suitable for modern food processing plants. As near‐infrared (NIR) systems have been implemented to measure various quality attributes of food products, the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to quantify the SS content of açaí pulp. Partial least squares (PLS) regression models were constructed to predict the SS. An optimum PLS model required one latent variable [principal component (PC)1 = 97%] with a root‐mean‐square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 1.06% for the calibration data set and the root‐mean‐square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.03% for internal cross‐validation. External validation using an independent data set showed good performance (RMSEP = 1.33% and Rp2 = 0.82). NIR spectroscopy is a reliable method with which to determine SS in açaí pulp and thereby to classify açaí pulp according to established minimum quality standards.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of different propolis samples from north‐western Algeria
Authors: Benhanifia Mokhtar , Mohamed Wessam M. , Bellik Yuva , Benbarek Hama 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was the investigation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of different ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) collected from north‐western Algeria. Total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of extracts were measured. The UV absorption spectrum showed and confirmed their polyphenols constituents. All EEPs exerted antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria, but no effect on Gram‐negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEPs ranged from 0.01% to 2.6% v/v. The antioxidant activity was measured using ferric‐reducing power (FRAP), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical‐scavenging and ESR methods. Propolis TIA‐2 and MOH‐MAS samples showed the highest antioxidative capacity, after 35 min, while TIA‐1, NED‐TL and SFS‐SBA samples showed the highest antioxidative potential of measured EEPs, after 3 min. TIA‐2 sample showed the highest antibacterial, antioxidant activity and highest DPPH free radical‐scavenging activity as well as the highest polyphenols and flavonoids content, compared with other propolis samples.
A study on relationships between durum wheat semolina properties, technological mixing parameters and the properties of dough after mixing
Authors: Vinci Paolo , Fois Simonetta , Parente Eugenio , Roggio Tonina , Catzeddu Pasquale 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPartial least square regression analysis was used to study the correlation between X variables (semolina quality, hydration level and mixing time) and Y variables, which were, in a first model, dough consistency during mixing, and, in a second model, dough properties after mixing (strength, elasticity, density) and leavening (maximum volume). The first model showed a predictive residual sum of squares (PRESS) of 2.98 and a predictive R2 (Q2) of 0.92, and highlighted the key role of hydration and mixing time on dough consistency. The second model had the best PRESS (8.25) and Q2 (0.94) values for dough volume and indicated that the volume increased with increasing mixing time until the dough consistency decreased of 20–30%. Dough volume was primarily affected by hydration. The model indicated that maximum volume after leavening, corresponding to optimum mixing time, was obtained with a soft and elastic dough, with a low‐density value.
Pasting and rheological properties of chia composites containing barley flour
Authors: Inglett George. E. , Chen Diejun , Xu Jingyuan , Lee Suyong 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe unique chia–barley composites contain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω‐3 PUFAs) from chia and high β‐glucan content from barley that are well known for lowering blood cholesterol and preventing coronary heart disease. The pasting and rheological properties of chia and barley composites were characterised using Rapid Visco Analyser followed by an advanced rheometer. Shear‐thinning properties were observed for all the composites. The pasting and rheological properties of the products were not greatly influenced by 10% or 20% ground chia replacements but showed differences at the 50% replacement level. The results suggested that the elastic properties of chia–barley composites 1:1 with chia were improved by the chia component. Also, the chia–barley composites gave improved water‐holding capacities, particularly at the 50% level. Whole chia seeds are not easily utilised because of their hard coat. These fine particle composites should be helpful for preparing functional food products having enhanced health benefits.
What to do when presented with a prescription from another European country: insight from a qualitative study of pharmacists in England
Authors: Knai Cécile , Saliba Vanessa , Davies James , McKee Martin , Khoshaba Bernadette , Lago Eleonora , San Miguel Lorena 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Objectives
Prescriptions for medicines issued by healthcare professionals in other parts of the European Union are legally valid in the UK. However, it is not known whether this is fully understood by British community pharmacists. In this study we aimed to understand the implementation of UK pharmacy policy on dispensing prescriptions from other parts of the European Union and to investigate pharmacists' knowledge and interpretation of the relevant provisions in a mystery shopping exercise in English pharmacies.

Methods
We reviewed the policy literature on regulations and practices pertaining to the prescribing and dispensation of prescription-only medicines in the UK. We interviewed key English informants in pharmacy. We then conducted a ‘mystery shopping’ exercise in 60 randomly selected pharmacies in urban, peri-urban and rural areas of England to investigate how community pharmacists manage four different types of prescriptions from another EU country.

Key findings
From the eight interviews conducted there was broad consensus that existing processes for verifying the authenticity of foreign prescriptions could be improved. Of the 60 pharmacies visited, only 27% (16 out of 60) were willing to dispense the medication. Pharmacists unwilling to dispense were invited to explain their reasons for refusal. The most common were that they believed that English pharmacists are unauthorised to dispense foreign prescriptions, and that prescriptions must be in the English language or issued by a UK-recognised prescriber.

Conclusion
Existing processes available to English pharmacists for verifying the authenticity of foreign prescriptions seem to be insufficient. Strategies to overcome these problems were proposed by pharmacists and key informants, and include the creation of a database or registry of all authorised European Economic Area/Swiss prescribers, development of EU standards on prescription content and on dosage of medications, consistent international non-proprietary name (INN) prescribing and the use of an agreed common language for key information on prescriptions.
Putting the parity into service‐user participation: An integrated model of social justice
Authors: Davies Kate , Gray Mel , Webb Stephen A. 
Published: July 2013

Models of service‐user participation have derived from citizenship or consumerist agendas, neither of which has achieved the structural reforms important for the most marginalised social work clients. This article proposes Fraser's model of ‘parity of participation’ as an appropriately multifaceted frame for capturing the social justice aspirations of service‐user participation. A qualitative case study compared the experiences and expectations of people who had used Australian mental health services with a sample who had used Australian homelessness services to examine their expectations of participation at individual and representative levels. The findings reinforce concerns from Fraser's research about the tendency for identity‐based consumerist notions of participation to reify group identity. This leads to tokenistic service‐user involvement strategies that have little impact on participation at a structural level. Fraser's parity of participation is shown to have untested potential to reshape service‐user participation to meet the social justice aspirations of social work clients.Key Practitioner Message: ● Innovative, service‐user driven strategies for collaboration will be those which challenge existing power structures; ● Service users want their contributions to decision making to generate identifiable change in the system of social services; ● The success of service‐user participation strategies might be the extent to which political, economic and cultural opportunities are enhanced.
The attitudes of patients with chronic conditions towards nurse prescribing medications
Authors: Ben Natan M. , Kabaha A. , Jackob N. , Atallah R. , Sharon I. 
Published: July 2013

AimTo explore the attitudes of patients with chronic conditions towards the expansion of nurse authority, with an emphasis on nurse prescribing of medications for chronic conditions.BackgroundThe rising number of chronically ill patients in Israel, concurrent with a shortage of physicians, has led to the delegation of authority from physicians to nurses, and this is particularly conspicuous in the prescribing of medication for chronic conditions.MethodIn this correlational study, a questionnaire was distributed to 230 community‐based chronically ill men and women aged 18 and older who take at least one regular medication. Data were collected from February to April 2012. Data analysis was performed with the SPSS 19 programme. It includes descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsMost respondents are in favour of expanding nurse authority to prescribing medication for chronic conditions but object to expanding nurse authority to prescribing new medication. Respondents also object to expanding nurse authority to prescribing medication for chronic conditions in the field of psychiatry. The older respondents and the higher their image of nursing, as well as their knowledge on expanding nurse authority to prescribing medication for chronic conditions, the more positive their attitudes towards this expansion of authority.ConclusionsThis study provides support for nurse prescribing of medication for chronic conditions in Israel. Policymakers in the field of nursing understand the national significance of increasing public awareness of expanding nurse authority to prescribe medication for chronic conditions.
Introducción: los mercados de trabajo europeos y la crisis económica
Authors: TORRES Raymond 
Published: July 2013

Resumen.Desde la crisis financiera de 2008 hay 8 millones más de europeos sin empleo. La recesión prolongada entraña otros riesgos examinados aquí: exclusión laboral, costos económicos del desempleo de larga duración y pérdida del potencial generador de empleo de las empresas. Ante esta situación, el autor analiza críticamente las políticas europeas, en especial la austeridad impuesta en 2010 y sus implicaciones a largo plazo para las economías, sociedades y mercados laborales europeos. Destaca asimismo los hallazgos empíricos de los artículos del presente número, que sugieren la urgencia de adoptar políticas capaces de corregir las tendencias actuales.
Mercados laborales corporativistas y no corporativistas y desempleo en la OCDE
Authors: STURN Simon 
Published: July 2013

Resumen.El artículo muestra que la incidencia de las instituciones del mercado de trabajo sobre el desempleo varía en función del régimen de dicho mercado. En un régimen corporativista, caracterizado por buenas relaciones laborales, complementariedad institucional y equilibrio entre flexibilidad externa e interna, los efectos son distintos. A partir de datos de 20 países de la OCDE para 1985–2008, el autor observa que en los mercados corporativistas, una legislación de protección del empleo estricta correlaciona con desempleo bajo. Al incluir variables macroeconómicas se observa que, en recesión, el desempleo aumenta con tipos de interés reales elevados, baja acumulación de capital y políticas sociales restrictivas.
Characterizing Weave Geometry in Textile Ceramic Composites Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Rossol Michael N. , Shaw John H. , Bale Hrishikesh , Ritchie Robert O. , Marshall David B. , Zok Frank W. 
Published: July 2013

Techniques for characterizing tow architectures and defects in woven ceramic composites are required for generating high‐fidelity geometric models and subsequently probing effects of defects on composite performance. Although X‐ray computed tomography (CT) has been shown to provide the requisite information with potentially sub‐μm resolution, the technique is inherently limited to probing only small volumes: on the order of a few unit cells of typical weaves. Here, we present an assessment of the efficacy of a complementary 2D technique, based on surface topography mapping via 3‐D (three‐dimensional) digital image correlation (DIC), with potential for ascertaining long‐range features in weaves and defects that cannot be gleaned from CT imaging alone. Upon comparing surfaces reconstructed from CT and DIC data, we find that DIC is capable of resolving surface heights with a root mean square(RMS) error of ~10 μm (about twice the CT voxel size, 4.4 μm) and a spatial resolution of ~20 μm over areas of several cm2. Achieving this level of resolution requires use of sufficiently small speckles (~50 μm) and small subset size (~300 μm) relative to the characteristic tow dimensions (~1 mm). The error is somewhat higher (about 20 μm) in areas where surface discontinuities or rapid changes in topography exist (e.g., at tow boundaries).
Influence of the Field and the Current Limit on Flash Sintering at Isothermal Furnace Temperatures
Authors: Francis John S. C. , Raj Rishi 
Published: July 2013

We report, for the first time, the observation of an incubation time for the onset of flash sintering in experiments carried out at isothermal furnace temperatures. The incubation time varies highly nonlinearly with the strength of the DC field, akin to a nucleation‐like phenomenon. The setting of the maximum current at the power supply has a significant influence on the extent of densification. The hold time at these current settings has an influence on the grain size increasing it with time and the magnitude of the current setting. The experiments were carried out on 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia. In all instances the specimen temperatures during flash sintering, estimated from a previously validated blackbody radiation model remain well below the temperatures that would be required for conventional sintering of yttria‐stabilized zirconia. Taken together these observations imply a nucleation of defect avalanche as a possible mechanism for flash sintering.
Ultrafast Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis of BiFeO3 Nanoplates
Authors: Li Shun , Nechache Riad , Davalos Ivan Alejandro Velasco , Goupil Gregory , Nikolova Liliya , Nicklaus Mischa , Laverdiere Jonathan , Ruediger Andreas , Rosei Federico 
Published: July 2013

We report the synthesis of {100}c facets exposed single‐crystalline BiFeO3 (BFO) nanoplates, with thickness ranging from 20 to 160 nm and lateral size of submicrometers, via a simple and very rapid (1–2 min) microwave‐assisted hydrothermal approach. We show that the microwave treatment gives comparable improvement in crystallinity of BFO nanocrystals with respect to traditional hydrothermal processes while requiring significantly less time and energy. In addition, we show that microwave radiation power, reaction time, and alkali concentration play important roles in the crystallinity and morphology of the products. We discuss a possible formation mechanism of the nanoplates based on our experimental results. Additionally, the BFO nanoplates exhibit weak ferromagnetic properties at room temperature, which we attribute to the size‐confinement effect on magnetic ordering. The present microwave hydrothermal method has great potential in large‐scale fabrication of BFO nanomaterials as well as other composite functional materials due to significantly reduced time and energy.
What do we know about skin‐hygiene care for patients with bariatric needs? Implications for nursing practice
Authors: Cowdell Fiona , Radley Kathy 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThis article presents a discussion of the current state of knowledge about bariatric skin‐hygiene care and whether this is sufficient to underpin evidence‐based nursing practice.BackgroundThe challenges of providing bariatric skin‐hygiene care are highlighted and include managing specific skin changes with associated risk of skin breakdown and practical management needs. The risk of skin breakdown is high and can have a devastating impact on well‐being and increased treatment costs.Data sourcesA four‐stage search strategy included: (i) literature search using electronic databases from inception–May 2013; (ii) hand search of selected journals; (iii) review of internet‐based guidelines, policies or protocols and (iv) contact with clinical experts.DiscussionThere is a dearth of robust evidence on bariatric skin‐hygiene care. Whilst a range of information and guidelines exist, these are generally based on expert opinion and often used only in a local context.Implications for nursingNurses are increasingly faced with the challenge of providing skin‐hygiene care for patients with bariatric needs. At present, care is largely based on custom and practice or clinical opinion; this limits capacity to provide optimum evidence‐based nursing care.ConclusionAs the prevalence of people needing bariatric skin‐hygiene care continues to increase, there is a lack of evidence to inform interventions and hence a growing need for further research in this challenging clinical area to help nurses and patients select the best possible interventions that will meet individual personal‐hygiene needs and preserve skin integrity.