bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Secondary Follicle Characteristics, Density, Activity, and Hoxc13 Expression Pattern of Hexi Cashmere Goats Breed
Authors: He Yanyu , Luo Yuzhu , Cheng Lixiang , Wang Jiqing , Liu Xiu , Shao Bin , Cui Yan 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis experiment was conducted to identify some aspects of secondary follicle (SF) characteristics of Hexi cashmere goats at five different growing stages in one year in order and discover the expression pattern of Hoxc13 in a SF cycling to provide morphological basis for studying the growth of cashmere. Ten cashmere goats of one‐year old (5 males, 5 females) were included in this study. The density and activity of SF were observed and measured by making paraffin sections, the ultra‐structural features of SF were studied under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) by making ultra‐thin sections, and the expression of Hoxc13 was investigated through the immunohistochemistry method. The average diameter of SF had the smallest value in the anagen stage, and significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between the anagen stage and other stages. The density of SF increased gradually through the different growing stages, and significant difference was found between the anagen and procatagen stages (P < 0.05). With an increase in time (months), the percentage of SF activity increased, and significant difference in the percentage of SF activity was found between the telogen and anagen stages (P < 0.05). At the telogen stage, the layers of connective tissue sheath (CTS) of SF were unclear, hemidesmosomes between the outer root sheath (ORS) and basement membrane disappeared, and dead cells were found at the top of the SF. The rudiments of new SF were found in the proanagen stage, CTS was thickened, and the cells of ORS were stretched out like fingers. At the anagen stage, the structure of SF was integral, and the inner root sheath (IRS) consisted of three concentric layers (Helen, Huxley, and Cuticle layers). The cells of Huxley's layer degenerated gradually, and pseudopodia were formed on the cells of ORS in the procatagen stage. At the catagen stage, the ORS was separated from the IRS, and IRS disappeared. Huxley's layer was absent in the inactive SF while, the ORS was present in the active SF. Hoxc 13 was expressed in the epidermis and sebaceous gland o, ORS, IRS, hair shaft of SF in the skin. Hoxc13 was expressed weakly during procatagen, catagen, and telogen stage, while with an increase in proanagen and anagen stage, significant difference was found between them. These findings demonstrated the ultra‐structural features of SF could provide the useful activity criteria, and Hoxc13 associated with the SF activity. Anat Rec, 298:1796–1803, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Their God is their belly”: Moravian missionaries at the Weipa Mission (1898–1932), Cape York Peninsula
Authors: Morrison Michael , McNaughton Darlene , Keating Claire 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Weipa Mission (1898–1932) on Cape York Peninsula (north‐eastern Australia) was one of seven Australian missions designed and staffed by the Moravian Church during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. We present findings of archaeological and historical research that illustrate key aspects of the settlement's development and operations. Moravian missionaries at Weipa aimed to create a built landscape that reshaped Aboriginal social, cultural and economic relations, with particular emphasis on children through the use of a dormitory system. However, their efforts were mediated by the open spatial and social boundaries of the settlement, which enabled Aboriginal people to make choices about the nature and extent to which they engaged with the mission. Adopting a political economy approach, we show that this openness emerged through complex social relationships between missionaries and Aboriginal people. While missionaries required access to children and adults, they lacked the ability (or will) to maintain a resident population through force, with limited financial resources also hampering their activities. Instead, Aboriginal people came and went from the settlement, with some establishing and maintaining social relationships with missionaries to access economic and social benefits. We argue that these social relationships led to the development of the settlement as a more open domain.
Aggregation of Beta‐Amyloid Peptides Proximal to Zwitterionic Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Yang Chien‐I , Tsai Brook N. F. , Huang Shing‐Jong , Wang Ting‐Yu , Tai Hwan‐Ching , Chan Jerry C. C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOne of the hallmarks of Alzheimers disease is the deposition of amyloid plaques, which consist of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides in fibrillar states. Nonfibrillar Aβ aggregates have been considered as an important intermediate in the pathway of fibrillization, but little is known about the formation mechanism. The on‐pathway β‐sheet intermediates of Aβ40 peptides can be trapped by incubating the peptides in liposomes formed by zwitterionic lipids. The aggregates of Aβ40 peptides have been prepared at a peptide concentration of less than 10 μm. Solid‐state NMR spectroscopy data show that the backbone conformation of the aggregates is almost identical to that of the fibrils formed in free solution. In contrast to anionic lipids, zwitterionic lipids, which are typical of neuronal soma, did not induce any significant conformational difference in Aβ40 fibrils. This liposome–Aβ system may serve as a useful model to study the fibril formation mechanism.
Transformations of Ferric Chloride‐Generated Stilbene Cation Radicals. The Effect of Aromatic Substitution and a Comparison with Anodic Oxidation
Authors: Hong Fong‐Jiao , Chong Kam‐Weng , Low Yun‐Yee , Thomas Noel F. , Kam Toh‐Seok 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA systematic study on the FeCl3‐induced oxidation of 1,2‐diarylalkenes was carried out with the focus on the variation of product type as a function of aromatic substitution, as well as to compare the reactivity of stilbene cation radicals generated via FeIII oxidation with those generated by anodic oxidation. The aromatic substituents were found to fall into three main categories, namely those that give rise to tetralins and/or dehydrotetralins, those that give products possessing pallidol and ampelopsin F‐type carbon skeletons, and last, those that give rise to trimeric products, indanes, and dehydrotetralins/tetralins. The latter are those stilbenes with a para‐methoxy substituent in one ring and a para‐ or meta‐EWG (CF3, NO2, Cl, F) in the other, and represent the most prominent departure when compared with the behavior of the same stilbenes under the conditions of anodic oxidation. Reaction pathways to rationalize the formation of the different products are presented.
Palladium‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Carbonylative Sonogashira Reaction Employing Formic acid as the CO Source
Authors: Qi Xinxin , Jiang Li‐Bing , Li Chong‐Liang , Li Rui , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA convenient palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative coupling of aryl iodides and terminal alkynes with formic acid as the CO precursor has been developed. A variety of alkynones were obtained in good yields in a one‐pot manner for the first time.
Purification and characterization of the plastid‐localized NAD‐dependent malate dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: An Yan , Cao Youzhi , Xu Yingwu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMalate dehydrogenase (MDH) ubiquitously exists in living organisms and has many isoforms in a single species. MDHs from some classes have been characterized for their catalytic properties, which show significant variations despite that they share high sequence identity for the active sites. One class MDH, the plastid‐localized NAD‐dependent MDH (plNAD‐MDH) is known to be important for plant survival in a dark environment, but its biochemical and enzymatic properties have not been well characterized. This study attempts to fill the gap. plNAD‐MDH was expressed in an Escherichia coli system and purified using nickel‐affinity chromatography followed by size exclusion chromatography. The N‐terminal fusion his‐tag was removed by protease cleavage. The gel filtration assay and glutaraldehyde cross‐linking results showed that the active enzyme was a homodimer in solution. Further assay indicated that plNAD‐MDH is most active at a neutral pH value. The Km values for oxaloacetate and NADH are found in the submillimolar order, a median range for most MDHs. The maximum reaction rate values, however, are dramatically different from other plant MDHs, indicating that plNAD‐MDH has different substrate specificity. Moreover, we obtained crystals for this enzyme, which laid the groundwork for further analysis of the enzymatic mechanism from structural stand point.
Ostracism Reduces Reliance on Poor Advice from Others during Decision Making
Authors: Byrne Kaileigh A. , Tibbett Thomas P. , Laserna Lauren N. , Carter‐Sowell Adrienne R. , Worthy Darrell A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDecision making is rarely context‐free, and often, both social information and non‐social information are weighed into one's decisions. Incorporating information into a decision can be influenced by previous experiences. Ostracism has extensive effects, including taxing cognitive resources and increasing social monitoring. In decision making situations, individuals are often faced with both objective and social information and must choose which information to include or filter out. How will ostracism affect the reliance on objective and social information during decision making? Participants (N = 245) in Experiment 1 were randomly assigned to be included or ostracized in a standardized, group task. They then performed a dynamic decision making task that involved the presentation of either non‐social (i.e. biased reward feedback) or social (i.e., poor advice from a previous participant) misleading information. In Experiment 2, participants (N = 105) completed either the ostracism non‐social condition or social misleading information condition with explicit instructions stating that the advice given was from an individual who did not partake in the group task. Ostracized individuals relied more on non‐social misleading information and performed worse than included individuals. However, ostracized individuals discounted misleading social information and outperformed included individuals. Results of Experiment 2 replicated the findings of Experiment 1. Across two experiments, ostracized individuals were more critical of advice from others, both individuals who may have ostracized them and unrelated individuals. In other words, compared with included individuals, ostracized individuals underweighted advice from another individual but overweighed non‐social information during decision making. We conclude that when deceptive objective information is present, ostracism results in disadvantageous decision making. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐content imaging with micropatterned multiwell plates reveals influence of cell geometry and cytoskeleton on chromatin dynamics
Authors: Harkness Ty , McNulty Jason D. , Prestil Ryan , Seymour Stephanie K. , Klann Tyler , Murrell Michael , Ashton Randolph S. , Saha Krishanu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms underpinning cellular responses to microenvironmental cues requires tight control not only of the complex milieu of soluble signaling factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) connections and cell‐cell contacts within cell culture, but also of the biophysics of human cells. Advances in biomaterial fabrication technologies have recently facilitated detailed examination of cellular biophysics and revealed that constraints on cell geometry arising from the cellular microenvironment influence a wide variety of human cell behaviors. Here, we create an in vitro platform capable of precise and independent control of biochemical and biophysical microenvironmental cues by adapting microcontact printing technology into the format of standard six‐ to 96‐well plates to create MicroContact Printed Well Plates (μCP Well Plates). Automated high‐content imaging of human cells seeded on μCP Well Plates revealed tight, highly consistent control of single‐cell geometry, cytoskeletal organization, and nuclear elongation. Detailed subcellular imaging of the actin cytoskeleton and chromatin within live human fibroblasts on μCP Well Plates was then used to describe a new relationship between cellular geometry and chromatin dynamics. In summary, the μCP Well Plate platform is an enabling high‐content screening technology for human cell biology and cellular engineering efforts that seek to identify key biochemical and biophysical cues in the cellular microenvironment.
Systematic review of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation in the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Peek M C L , Ahmed M , Napoli A , ten Haken B , McWilliams S , Usiskin S I , Pinder S E , van Hemelrijck M , Douek M 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
A systematic review was undertaken to assess the clinical efficacy of non-invasive high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation in the treatment of breast cancer.

Methods
MEDLINE/PubMed library databases were used to identify all studies published up to December 2013 that evaluated the role of HIFU ablation in the treatment of breast cancer. Studies were eligible if they were performed on patients with breast cancer and objectively recorded at least one clinical outcome measure of response (imaging, histopathological or cosmetic) to HIFU treatment.

Results
Nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The absence of tumour or residual tumour after treatment was reported for 95·8 per cent of patients (160 of 167). No residual tumour was found in 46·2 per cent (55 of 119; range 17–100 per cent), less than 10 per cent residual tumour in 29·4 per cent (35 of 119; range 0–53 per cent), and between 10 and 90 per cent residual tumour in 22·7 per cent (27 of 119; range 0–60 per cent). The most common complication associated with HIFU ablation was pain (40·1 per cent) and less frequently oedema (16·8 per cent), skin burn (4·2 per cent) and pectoralis major injury (3·6 per cent). MRI showed an absence of contrast enhancement after treatment in 82 per cent of patients (31 of 38; range 50–100 per cent), indicative of coagulative necrosis. Correlation of contrast enhancement on pretreatment and post-treatment MRI successfully predicted the presence of residual disease.

Conclusion
HIFU treatment can induce coagulative necrosis in breast cancers. Complete ablation has not been reported consistently on histopathology and no imaging modality has been able confidently to predict the percentage of complete ablation. Consistent tumour and margin necrosis with reliable follow-up imaging are required before HIFU ablation can be evaluated within large, prospective clinical trials.
Variations in survival and perioperative complications between hospitals based on data from two phase III clinical trials for oesophageal cancer
Authors: Kataoka K , Nakamura K , Mizusawa J , Fukuda H , Igaki H , Ozawa S , Hayashi K , Kato K , Kitagawa Y , Ando N 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
Variations in institutional practice may contribute to different outcomes of cancer treatment. The impact of interinstitutional heterogeneity on outcomes between hospitals after oesophagectomy has not been examined previously using data from surgical clinical trials.

Methods
The data from two phase III trials for oesophageal cancer were used. Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 9204 involved oesophagectomy (92-OP) versus oesophagectomy plus postoperative chemotherapy (92-POST), with accrual from 1992 to 1997. JCOG9907 involved postoperative chemotherapy (99-POST) versus preoperative chemotherapy (99-PRE), with accrual from 2000 to 2006. Hospitals contributing fewer than three patients were excluded. The influence of time and preoperative chemotherapy on interinstitutional heterogeneity related to postoperative complications and 5-year overall survival were evaluated by comparisons within and between these trial groups. Heterogeneity was estimated by a mixed-effects model after adjusting for age, sex, performance status, location of the primary tumour and clinical stage.

Results
Twelve hospitals in 92-OP (114 patients), 13 in 92-POST (114), 19 in 99-POST (158) and 18 in 99-PRE (154) were eligible. There was considerable heterogeneity in predicted postoperative complications in both groups in JCOG9204 (median 31·3 (range 15·0–68·2) per cent), and in 99-PRE (35·2 (22·6–46·6) per cent) but not in 99-POST (27·7 (27·7–27·7) per cent) from JCOG9907. A similar pattern was seen for predicted overall survival (92-POST: 66·4 (range 64·1–68·9) per cent; 99-PRE: 55·9 (54·0–59·7) per cent; 99-POST: 44·4 (44·4–44·4) per cent).

Conclusion
Interinstitutional heterogeneity regarding complications and survival after oesophagectomy is a problem that merits wider consideration.
Determinants of survival following pelvic exenteration for primary rectal cancer
Authors: Radwan R W , Jones H G , Rawat N , Davies M , Evans M D , Harris D A , Beynon J ,   Swansea Pelvic Oncology Group, McGregor A D , Morgan A R , Freites O , Patel B , Askill C , Rowley C , Pudney D , Hatcher O , Bose P , Fenn N , Lucas M G , Khot U , Chandrasekaran T V , Carr N D , Gwynne S , Drew P , Phan M D 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
Pelvic exenteration is a potentially curative treatment for locally advanced primary rectal cancer. Previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes and heterogeneous data. A consecutive series of patients was studied to identify the clinicopathological determinants of survival.

Methods
All patients undergoing pelvic exenterative surgery for primary rectal cancer (1992–2014) at this hospital were analysed. The primary outcome measure was 5-year overall survival. Secondary endpoints included length of hospital stay, complication rate, 30-day mortality and disease recurrence rate. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis.

Results
A total of 174 patients with a median age of 65 (range 31–90) years were included. Ninety-six patients underwent posterior pelvic exenteration and 78 had total pelvic exenteration. Median follow-up was 48 (range 1–229) months. Two patients (1·1 per cent) died within 30 days of surgery and 16·1 per cent returned to the operating theatre. The 5-year survival rate following complete resection (R0) was 59·3 per cent. In univariable analysis, adverse survival was associated with advanced age (P = 0·003), metastatic disease (P = 0·001), pathological node status (P = 0·001), circumferential resection margin (P = 0·001), local recurrence (P = 0·015) and the need for neoadjuvant therapy (P = 0·039).

Conclusion
Pelvic exenteration is an aggressive treatment option with a high morbidity rate that provides favourable long-term outcomes in patients with locally advanced primary rectal cancer.
Development and validation of TLC–densitometric method for simultaneous determination of two binary antihypertensive mixtures containing felodipine in fixed dose combinations
Authors: Mohamed Abdel‐Maaboud I. , Omar Mahmoud A. , Hammad Mohamed A. , Mohamed Abobakr A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new densitometric thin‐layer chromatographic method has been developed for simultaneous determination of two binary mixtures containing felodipine in combination with either metoprolol (mixture I) or ramipril (mixture II). The two mixtures were quantitatively separated on 60 F254 silica gel plates using toluene–ethyl acetate–methanol–ammonia as mobile phase with UV detection at 233 and 229 nm for mixtures I and II, respectively. The studied drugs were satisfactorily resolved with retention factor (Rf) values of 0.34 ± 0.03 and 0.65 ± 0.03 for metoprolol and felodipine, respectively, in mixture I and 0.35 ± 0.03 and 0.74 ± 0.03 for ramipril and felodipine, respectively, in mixture II. Linearity ranges were 2000–7000 and 200–700 ng/band for metoprolol and felodipine, respectively, in mixture I and 1500–4000 ng/band for both ramipril and felodipine in mixture II. Correlation coefficient (r) values were 0.9968 for both metoprolol and felodipine in mixture I and 0.9993 for ramipril and 0.9989 for felodipine in mixture II. The method has been validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and has been successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in their dosage forms without interference from commonly encountered excipients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of chemical diversity in different parts and origins of ethnomedicine Gentiana rigescens Franch using targeted metabolite profiling and multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Pan Yu , Zhang Ji , Shen Tao , Zhao Yan‐Li , Zuo Zhi‐Tian , Wang Yuan‐Zhong , Li Wan‐Yi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGentiana rigescens, an ethnomedicine, is widely cultivated in Yunnan province of China. Although a wide range of metabolites including iridoid glycosides, flavonoids and triterpenoids have been reported in this ethnomedicine, the data on accumulation and distribution of metabolites in certain parts are limited. In this study, targeted metabolic fingerprinting of iridoid glycosides based on liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐UV‐MS/MS) was developed to investigate the metabolic similarities and differences in different parts and origins. Thirty‐one compounds, including iridoid glycosides and flavonoids, were detected from targeted metabolite profiling and plausibly assigned to the different parts of G. rigescens. Multivariate statistical analysis was designed to reveal close chemical similarities between all the selected samples and to identify key metabolites characteristic of the standard. The results suggested that accumulation and distribution of metabolites in aerial and underground parts were different. Moreover, root samples tended to be grouped on the basis of the geographical closeness of region. Five metabolites can be considered as potential markers for the classification of underground parts from different regions. These results provided chemical information on the potential pharmaceutical value for further research, making G. rigescens ideal for the rational usage of different parts and exploitation of the source. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blunted responses to reward in remitted post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Kalebasi Nilufer , Kuelen Eveline , Schnyder Ulrich , Schumacher Sonja , Mueller‐Pfeiffer Christoph , Wilhelm Frank H. , Athilingam Jegath , Moergeli Hanspeter , Martin‐Soelch Chantal 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence suggests blunted responses to rewarding stimuli in patients with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it is not clear whether these alterations in reward processing normalize in remitted PTSD patients.MethodsWe tested behavioral and physiological responses to monetary reward in a spatial memory task in 13 accident survivors with remitted PTSD, 14 accident survivors who never had PTSD, and 16 nontrauma‐exposed subjects. All accident survivors were recruited from two samples of severely physically injured patients, who had participated in previous prospective studies on the incidence of PTSD after accidental injury approximately 10 years ago. Reaction time, accuracy, skin conductance responses, and self‐reported mood were assessed during the task.ResultsAccident survivors who never had PTSD and nontrauma exposed controls reported significantly higher positive mood in the reinforced versus nonreinforced condition (P < 0.045 and P < 0.001, respectively), while there was no effect of reinforcement in remitted PTSD subjects.ConclusionsOur findings suggest an alteration of the reward system in remitted PTSD. Further research is needed to investigate whether altered reward processing is a residual characteristic in PTSD after remission of symptoms or, alternatively, a preexisting risk factor for the development of PTSD after a traumatic event.