bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Turquie au coeur des enjeux géopolitiques et énergétiques régionaux
Authors: Jabbour Jana , Rebière Noémie 
Published: January 2015

La position géographique de la Turquie au carrefour de l’Asie, du Moyen-Orient et de l’Europe, entre les pays producteurs d’hydrocarbures à l’Est et les pays consommateurs à l’Ouest lui confère un rôle géostratégique majeur. Frontalière des pays qui détiennent plus de 70 % des ressources mondiales d’hydrocarbures, elle est devenue l’un des principaux territoires de transit pour alimenter l’Union européenne. Ainsi, au regard des changements géopolitiques actuels, en Europe de l’Est avec la crise ukrainienne, et au Moyen-Orient avec les crises en Irak et en Syrie, ainsi qu’en Méditerranée Orientale avec la découverte de gisements d’hydrocarbures au large de l’île de Chypre, on constate que les enjeux énergétiques occupent plus que jamais une place capitale dans la définition de politique intérieure et extérieure de la Turquie.
Au delà du « hub » géopolitique, la régulation contestée du secteur énergétique en Turquie
Authors: Arik Elvan , Mustafayev Elshan 
Published: January 2015

Dans l’optique de devenir un hub gazier, depuis le début des années 2000, la Turquie a engagé d’importantes réformes structurelles de ses marchés énergétiques internes. Traditionnellement, seules des analyses géopolitiques servent à décrire le hub gazier turc. Après un rappel des principaux enjeux énergétiques régionaux, cet article propose une analyse de la situation interne à la Turquie puis met en perspective les contradictions et les potentiels impacts d’une régulation économique et politique ambivalente du secteur gaz naturel de la part du parti au pouvoir. Ce décentrement scalaire et thématique permet au final de compléter et de réévaluer la pertinence de cette notion de hub appliquée au cas turc.
La variable énergétique dans la crise syrienne
Authors: Rigoulet-Roze David 
Published: January 2015

La variable énergétique – tout particulièrement gazière – est souvent présentée comme le facteur déterminant, sinon exclusif, qui serait à même de rendre compte du conflit en Syrie lequel a dégénéré en véritable guerre civile, depuis la seconde moitié de l’année 2011, et dont les différents acteurs – qu’il s’agisse des insurgés sunnites ou du régime alaouite de Bachar al-Assad – bénéficient tous, à des degrés divers, de soutiens extérieurs. Au demeurant, s’il convient de ne pas sous-estimer cette variable gazière avec la question stratégique s’il en est du contrôle d’un éventuel gazoduc, il faut dans le même temps se garder de la surestimer dès lors que d’autres variables non moins importantes comme la dimension confessionnelle, induite par la polarisation sunnite versus chiite, intervient également très largement, voire s’y superpose.
Le mythe de l'indépendance du Kurdistan irakien
Authors: Bakawan Adel 
Published: January 2015

Le Gouvernement Régional du Kurdistan (GRK) dispose d’institutions étatiques : pouvoir exécutif, pouvoir législatif, pouvoir judicaire, armée, appareils de sécurité. Il dispose également d’une forte sympathie internationale (44 pays soutiennent les peshmergas contre l’organisation de l’État Islamique) et d’un territoire reconnu dans la Constitution irakienne. Toutefois, une triple fragilité politique, économique et militaire éloigne le GRK de son rêve d’indépendance.
Le groupement automobile siamois en France, 1918-1919. Enjeux militaires et politiques sur fond de choc culturel
Authors: Grandhomme Jean-Noël 
Published: January 2015

L’emploi du groupement automobile siamois en France en 1918-1919 est fondé sur un malentendu du côté français. Les militaires entendent l’utiliser comme un contingent analogue aux autres, appelé à un certain rendement, tandis que les hommes politiques veulent avant tout flatter l’honneur national du royaume. Du côté siamois, ce contingent est au service d’une farouche volonté de reconnaissance internationale ; il doit contribuer à renforcer la place du Siam dans le concert des nations indépendantes.
Le XXI e : un siècle immunisé contre la psychanalyse ?
Authors: Michel Luc 
Published: January 2015

La psychanalyse est une invention freudienne qui s’inscrit dans le contexte historique et social du XIX e siècle. De ce paradigme sont issus non seulement tout un développement théorique fécond, mais aussi une réponse sociale. Nous en retracerons quelques lignes d’un point de vue avant tout groupal. Nous partons de la phrase prétendument attribuée à Freud alors qu’il arrive aux Etats-Unis : « Ils ne se doutent pas que nous leur apportons la peste » pour nous interroger sur les conséquences de cette épidémie. La psychanalyse a diffusé largement dans le socius et en a modifié les représentations. Après cette phase d’engouement, elle a quitté sa situation de paradigme hégémonique. Pour rester vivante elle doit donc évoluer et trouver de nouvelles pistes.
France : croissance hors taxes
Authors: Heyer Éric , Ducoudré Bruno , Péléraux Hervé , Plane Mathieu 
Published: January 2015

Début 2011, la France est l’un des rares pays développés à avoir retrouvé son niveau de PIB d’avant-crise. La croissance économique dépassait les 2 %, atteignant même les 3 % en glissement annuel au premier trimestre 2011. Depuis, la donne a changé : la dynamique de reprise s’est interrompue et l’activité connaît une croissance, certes positive, mais proche de zéro. Quatre freins conjoncturels expliquent l’extinction en 2011 de la phase de reprise post-récession : déjà malmenée par une consolidation budgétaire rapide et la dégradation des conditions de crédit, la croissance a aussi été diminuée par les fluctuations du prix du pétrole et de la compétitivité-prix, en 2012 sous l’effet de la déflation salariale des pays concurrents de la France, et en 2013, sous l’effet de l’appréciation de l’euro.	En 2014, l’amélioration attendue sur le front de l’activité ne se produira pas : le stimulus lié au relâchement progressif de la réduction des déficits sera compensé par l’appréciation de l’euro observée jusqu’au milieu de l’année 2013 ainsi que par la baisse de l’investissement en logement des ménages. La croissance devrait ainsi s’établir à 0,4 %, ne permettant ni au chômage d’inverser sa tendance haussière ni au déficit public de se résorber significativement. De plus, contrairement aux années antérieures et après une baisse régulière de plus de 3 points de PIB depuis 2009, le déficit public devrait à nouveau se creuser légèrement et atteindre 4,5 % du PIB.	En 2015, la croissance retrouverait un peu de vigueur, +1,1 % par an, grâce à l’atténuation de deux des facteurs négatifs qui ont étouffé la croissance depuis 2010 : les conditions de crédit et la réduction des déficits. Par ailleurs, l’effet de la compétitivité-prix, un facteur qui aura joué très négativement en 2014, devrait s’inverser. En premier lieu, cela sera lié à la dépréciation de l’euro, mais aussi à la montée en puissance du CICE.
Comment lutter contre la fragmentation du système bancaire de la zone euro ?
Authors: Antonin Céline , Blot Christophe , Creel Jérôme , Hubert Paul , Labondance Fabien , Touzé Vincent 
Published: January 2015

Le système bancaire de la zone euro a été fortement touché par deux crises : celle des subprime puis celle des dettes souveraines. Il s’en est suivi un processus de fragmentation du système bancaire qui s’est traduit par des difficultés de financement pour les banques des pays en crise et par une hétérogénéité des conditions de financement – taux des prêts aux ménages et aux entreprises de la zone euro. Si la BCE est parvenue à éviter une crise systémique majeure, cette situation a perturbé la transmission de la politique monétaire au sein de la zone euro. Les mesures mises en œuvre par la BCE au cours de la crise visent donc à la fois à contrer les risques déflationnistes mais également à restaurer les canaux de transmission de la politique monétaire dans les pays en crise. Bien que la menace déflationniste soit encore prégnante, il semble que les politiques non-conventionnelles ont eu les effets indirects escomptés sur l’efficacité de l’instrument conventionnel de la politique monétaire. Il reste qu’à plus long terme, des mécanismes doivent être envisagés pour renforcer l’intégration financière et rompre le lien entre crise de dette souveraine et crise bancaire. C’est précisément l’objet de l’Union bancaire européenne qui attribue à la BCE de nouveaux pouvoirs en matière de supervision bancaire. Si beaucoup d’experts s’accordent à dire que l’Union bancaire est une grande avancée dans l’approfondissement de l’Europe, il n’en demeure pas moins que plusieurs zones d’ombre subsistent. Les progrès ainsi accomplis ne doivent pas faire oublier que la stabilité bancaire et financière n’est pas complètement assurée et qu’elle ne le sera pas tant que la fragmentation bancaire subsistera entre les pays du cœur et ceux de la périphérie de la zone euro.
Sensitivity Analysis and Computations of the Time Relaxation Model
Authors: Neda Monika , Pahlevani Fran , Waters Jiajia 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical study of the sensitivity of a fluid model known as time relaxation model with respect to variations of the time relaxation coefficientχ. The sensitivity analysis of this model is utilized by the sensitivity equation method and uses the finite element method along with Crank Nicolson method in the fully discretization of the partial differential equations. We present a test case in support of the sensitivity convergence and also provide a numerical comparison between two different strategies of computing the sensitivity, sensitivity equation method and forward finite differences.
Legal and Regulatory Considerations Associated with Use of Patient-Generated Health Data from Social Media and Mobile Health (mHealth) Devices
Authors: DeMuro P. , Petersen C. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryPatient-generated health data are coming into broader use across the health care spectrum and hold great promise as a means to improve care and health outcomes. At the same time, rapid evolution in the social media and mobile health (mHealth) market has promoted an environment in which creation and transmission of personal health information is easy, quick, and appealing to patients. However, adoption of social media and mHealth by providers is hampered by legal and regulatory concerns with regard to data ownership and data use. This article defines common forms of patient-generated health data (PGHD) and describes how PGHD is used in clinical settings. It explores issues related to protection of personal health information, including that of children and adolescents, data security, and other potential barriers such as physician licensure. It also discusses regulatory and legal considerations providers and patients should consider before using social media and mobile health apps.Citation: Petersen C, DeMuro P. Legal and regulatory considerations associated with use of patient-generated health data from social media and mobile health (mHealth) devices. Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 16–26http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-09-R-0082
Democracy as Heuristic:
Authors: Landemore Hélène 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this paper, Landemore explores one defense of political equality: that uncertainty about the nature of the political questions a polity will face require not only maximal inclusion but also egalitarian inclusion. While experts have an advantage in cataloging and quantifying known risks, there is no expertise in enumerating outcomes under uncertainty, when the very number and probability of possible outcomes are unknown. Democratic equality is thus “ecologically” rational, because best suited to this radical uncertainty.
ESTOQUES DE BIOMASSA E NUTRIENTES EM TRÊS ESPÉCIES DE Parkia EM PLANTIOS JOVENS SOBRE ÁREA DEGRADADA NA AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL
Authors: Costa Karen C.P. da , Ferraz João B.S. , Bastos Rodrigo P. , Reis Tatiane Da S. , Ferreira Marciel J. , Guimarães Giuliano P. 
Published: January 2015

As estratégias de distribuição de biomassa e nutrientes utilizadas pelas espécies florestais podem refletir sua capacidade de sobrevivência em plantios sobre áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar os estoques de biomassa e nutrientes nos compartimentos arbóreos de Parkia multijuga, Parkia nitida e Parkia pendula em plantios sobre área degradada em Manaus, AM. A biomassa foi determinada pelo método destrutivo em seis árvores de cada espécie, que foram compartimentadas em: folhas, galhos finos (Ø <10 cm), galhos grossos (Ø ≥10 cm), fuste, raízes médias (2 mm ≤ Ø <5 cm) e raízes grossas (Ø ≥5 cm). Aos quatro anos, Parkia multijuga exibiu 60% do total de biomassa nos compartimentos aéreos e 40% nos subterrâneos. Parkia nitida exibiu 84% nos compartimentos aéreos e apenas 16% nos subterrâneos. Parkia pendula exibiu 67% nos compartimentos aéreos e 33% nos subterrâneos. A ordem de acúmulo de macronutrientes nos compartimentos foi: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. O fato de Parkia multijuga adotar estratégias de alocação de biomassa e nutrientes que favorecerão seu desempenho sobre sítios com baixa disponibilidade de recursos sustenta sua indicação para a composição de programas de reflorestamento em áreas degradadas na Amazônia.Palavras-chave: Espécies florestais nativas; nutrição florestal; reflorestamento; restauração. AbstractBiomass and nutrients in three species of Parkia plantings on degraded area in Central Amazon. Biomass and nutrients partitioning strategies in tree species may reflect their ability to survive in plantations on degraded areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the content of biomass and nutrients in tree components of Parkia multijuga, Parkia nitida and Parkia pendula on plantings in degraded area in Manaus, AM. The biomass was determined by the harvest method in six trees of each species, which were subdivided into leaves, fine branches (Ø < 10 cm), coarse branches (Ø ≥10 cm), stem wood, medium roots (≤ 2 mm Ø < 5 cm ) and coarse roots (Ø ≥ 5 cm). At 4 years, Parkia multijuga allocated 60% of the total biomass to above-ground components and 40% to below-ground. Parkia nitida allocated 84% to above-ground and 16% to below-ground. Parkia pendula allocated 67% to above-ground components and 33% to below-ground. The order of the nutrient accumulation in tree compartments was: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. Parkia multijuga, by adopting better strategies of distribution of biomass and nutrients, it is a recommended species for reforestation programs on degraded sites in the Amazon.Keywords: Native forest species; forest nutrition; reforestation; restoration.
Admissions Criteria and Upper-Divisional Ratings as Predictors of Student Teaching Achievement in Music Education
Authors: Hime Lauren Jane , Miksza Peter , Hunsucker Alyssa 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The goal of this study was to explore relationships among entrance criteria, mid-degree assessment criteria, and student teaching success among music education students at a large midwestern university (N = 139). Data for this study consisted of admission information (background experiences, entrance interview rating sheets), upper-divisional ratings, and midterm student teaching evaluations. Data were collected from files of graduates admitted to the bachelor of music education program between the fall semesters of 2003 and 2009. Internal consistencies of the entrance interview scale (α = .79), the upper-divisional review scale (α = .74), and the midterm student teaching assessment (α = .95) were acceptable. Correlation and linear regression analyses revealed several potentially important predictors of student success at upper-divisional review (e.g., high school GPA, academic achievement, years of piano, high school performance experience, composite admissions ratings). However, no viable predictors of student teaching ratings were identified. The findings of this study perhaps suggest that the admissions and upper-divisional measures may more readily predict characteristics required for success in the rigorous musical and academic culture of this particular institution. Additional emphases on assessment criteria related directly to practical teaching skill or pedagogical content knowledge at the time of upper-divisional review may lead to more predictive relations to student teaching success.
Heirloom Seed and Story Keepers: Arts-Based Research as Community Discourse in Southern Appalachia
Authors: Dockery Chris 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Heirloom seeds are seeds that have been passed down in families for more than fifty years. One of the signature projects of the Appalachian Studies Center at the University of North Georgia, Saving Appalachian Gardens and Stories (SAGAS), is an annual demonstration garden for heirloom seeds and oral history collection. The organic garden is designed to minimize water loss, replenish our seed bank, and share seeds with our neighbors. Saving Appalachian Gardens and Stories preserves cultural history by interviewing seed donors about gardening traditions and foodways of Southern Appalachia. The 2012-2013 Appalachian teaching project Heirloom Seed and Story Keepers: Growing Community and Sustainability through Arts-Based research, an extension of the SAGAS initiative, is an undergraduate research project that utilizes a methodology of arts-based inquiry. The research provides students and community members with reciprocal opportunities to engage in the local food system through cultural literacy and seeks to learn how heirloom seed gardening literally and metaphorically represents the development of community in Lumpkin County. Students identified and interviewed tradition-bearers in the region, and their analysis resulted in an artistic representation of their research called a "communograph" (The Communograph Project, http://www.communograph.com). On display, the communograph has invited viewers into a larger conversation about Appalachian foodways, heirloom gardening, and the significant role our community elders and their traditions have to play in educating our youth about sustainable practices.
Imprinting and its disorders in evolutionary perspective
Authors: Tumienė Birutė , Utkus Algirdas , Kučinskas Vaidutis 
Published: January 2015

Bacground. Genomic imprinting is one of the best-studied epigenetic phenomena involving all the main epigenetic processes. Recent investigations led to a huge expansion of knowledge in this field and changed some established paradigms regarding imprinting establishment and maintenance. Evolutionary theories are intended to explain origins of imprinting and its evolutionary survival under the influence of selection pressure. The three main evolutionary theories based on selective asy­mmetry between maternally and paternally inherited alleles are kinship, sexual antagonism and maternal-offspring coadaptation theories. Though no one of them can explain all the aspects of imprinting, they are not mutually exclusive and multiple mechanisms may be at work at any given locus. Further evidences for imprinting importance come from investigations of human imprinting disorders. Eight of them have been described so far and multilocus imprinting defects have been recently discovered pointing to derangements in some common imprinting establishment / maintenance mechanisms.
Conclusions. Investigations of imprinting mechanisms, evolutionary origins and derangements led to some crucial discoveries in epigenetic processes shaping both health and disease, and a huge expansion of knowledge in imprinting is anticipated in the future, especially with wider application of advanced genetic technologies.
Access to Preventive Health Care in Severely Disabled Women with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Dobos Katharine , Healy Brian , Houtchens Maria 
Published: January 2015

Background: Nonambulatory patients may be at risk for poor access to preventive health screening. Few studies have reported on this access in severely disabled women with multiple sclerosis (MS). We sought to describe preventive medical care in the most disabled women with MS and to identify factors that may influence access to care.
Methods: Patient records from the Partners MS Center database were reviewed. Women with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores of 7 or greater were selected. Proportions of patients with preventive-care visits were compared with 2012 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines and normative data. Logistic regression was used to assess demographic and disease effects on receiving services.
Results: Forty-eight percent of patients had annual mammograms versus 72% of healthy women and the CDC target of 81%; 41.8% had Papanicolaou smears within 3 years compared with 82% of healthy women and the target of 93%; and 61.2% aged 50 years and older ever had a colonoscopy compared with the target of 70%. Younger age predicted lower rates of colonoscopy (P &lt; .002) and mammography (P &lt; .004), and shorter disease duration predicted lower rates of mammography (P &lt; .004). Obesity was associated with a lower likelihood of colonoscopy (P = .007) and bone density screening (P = .02).
Conclusions: Women with severe MS disability are vulnerable to significantly decreased access to preventive care. The influence of patient and physician factors and the possible consequent delays in cancer diagnosis should be further clarified.
Do Physical Therapy Interventions Affect Urinary Incontinence and Quality of Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis?
Authors: Block Valerie , Rivera Monica , Melnick Marsha , Allen Diane D. 
Published: January 2015

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) presents with many debilitating symptoms, including urinary incontinence (UI), that physical therapy (PT) may address; UI is widely prevalent, but PT management of symptoms lacks consensus. A meta-analysis of long-term nonsurgical and nonpharmaceutical treatment options may supply this deficiency. We analyzed the current evidence for effectiveness of PT to decrease UI and improve quality of life (QOL) in people with MS.
Methods: An electronic search conducted through November 26, 2013, included the following search terms: incontinence, bladder dysfunction, urinary incontinence, multiple sclerosis, MS, physical therapy, physiotherapy, therapy, and rehabilitation. Criteria for inclusion were as follows: MS diagnosis, intervention involved PT for UI or bladder dysfunction, outcomes assessed QOL or UI, and at least a 4 of 10 on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale or a 2b level of evidence. Outcomes were combined across studies, and effect sizes are depicted in forest plots.
Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Between-group analysis revealed statistically significant differences in incontinence episodes and QOL, but did not reach significance for functional control mechanisms (eg, electromyography data on strength of contraction, relaxation, and endurance). Incontinence leakage episodes and QOL participation improved within groups.
Conclusions: Meta-analysis indicates support for PT for minimizing incontinence compared with pretreatment and affecting incontinence and QOL more than control in people with MS. Protocols were heterogeneous regarding duration and type of PT intervention and were applied in different types of MS. Further research may reveal the most effective combination and variety of PT interventions for people with MS.