bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new device for continuous assessment of gut perfusion: proof of concept on a porcine model of septic shock
Authors: Jacquet-Lagrèze Matthias , Bonnet-Garin Jeanne-Marie , Allaouchiche Bernard , Vassal Olivia , Restagno Damien , Paquet Christian , Ayoub Jean-Yves , Etienne Jérôme , Vandenesch François , Daulwader Olivier , Junot Stéphane 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
We evaluate an innovative device consisting of an enteral feeding tube equipped with a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor in contact with the duodenal mucosa. This study aims to determine if the PPG signal, composed of a continuous (PDC) and a pulsatile part (PAC), is a reliable method to assess gut perfusion in a porcine model of septic shock.

Method
Fourteen piglets were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. They were randomly assigned to two groups: the nonseptic (NS) group received an infusion of Ringer’s lactate solution (RL) alone, the septic (S) group received in addition a suspension of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Heart rate (HR), pulse oximetry (SpO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI) and serum lactates were recorded and gut microcirculation (GM) was monitored with a laser Doppler probe applied on the duodenal serosa. PDC and PAC were given by the PPG probe inserted in the duodenum. Data was collected every 15 minutes (t0, t15…) during 150 minutes (t150). After administration of the bacteria suspension (t0), resuscitation maneuvers were performed following a defined algorithm. GM PAC, and PDC were expressed as variation from baseline (GMvar, PACvar, PDCvar). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was performed to compare hemodynamic variables, with Bonferroni correction as post hoc analysis on t0, t60 and t150.

Results
One piglet was withdrawn from analysis due to a defective probe. S group (six piglets) received resuscitation therapy while NS group (seven piglets) did not. A significant group effect was found for the all parameters except HR. Post hoc analysis found a significant decrease for GM and PAC at t60. The correlation between PAC, PDC and microcirculatory parameters were as follows: rPACvar-GMvar = 0.496, P <0.001, rPDCvar-GMvar = 0.244; P = 0.002. In the septic group, correlations were as follows: rPAC-lactate = -0.772, P <0.001; rPDC-lactate = -0.681, P <0.01). At the onset of shock, a decrease of PAC, PDC and GM occurred before the alteration of MAP.

Conclusions
PAC and PDC decreased at the onset of shock and were correlated with GM and lactate. These results confirm that PPG signal reliably reflects the early perfusion alteration of the gut. Further studies should assess the clinical use of this device.
Territorial Organization of Social Services in Central Russia: Shaping Features and Growth Drivers
Authors: Бельчук  , Byelchuk YElyena , Мариен  , Mariyen Lyudmila 
Published: July 2014

The paper considers several issues concerning spatial organization and
development of social services at both macro- and meso-levels; reveals how
various social services branches affect economic activities of territories of
differing ranks, which plays a decisive role in human resources reproduction
and helps to improve life quality of people, involved directly in shaping human
capital of the society. The role of Central Russia and its constituent regions in
shaping and running the national social services system is highlighted; drivers
of social services territorial organization at the national state nucleus are
examined. Also the author defines directions for further development of social
services at the macro-region level, conducive to improving performance within
all economic sectors.
State Innovation Policy of Russia: Hindsight Study
Authors: Кальянов  , Kalyanov Aleksandr 
Published: July 2014

The paper provides a hindsight study of Russia’s state innovation policy over
the past decade. Based on domestic scientists’ research findings, the author
argues, that it is impossible to boost competitiveness of Russia’s economy
without enhancing the prestige of scientific and technological and innovative
activities and ranking these activities among the state highest priorities. Thus
the uniform innovations policy needs to be elaborated to boost competitiveness
of domestic manufacturers. Development and improvement of legislation
should become the main tool to be used to facilitate elaboration of uniform state
innovation policy and to establish conditions favorable for scientific and
technological and innovative activities.
Reviews
Authors: Blackwood Robert , Brüning Angela , Majumdar Margaret A. , Majumdar Margaret A. , Parris David L. , Parris David L. , Thannoo Babita , Vété-Congolo Hanétha 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Language Conflict in Algeria: from colonialism to post-independence, Mohamed Benrabah (2013) Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 216 pp., ISBN: 9781847969640, h/bk, £69.95.
Le Roman-Monde d’Edouard Glissant: Totalisation et tautologie, Katell Colin (2008) Laval: Les Presses de l’Université Laval, 311 pp., ISBN: 9780763787688, p/pbk, out of print.
L’Autre Francophonie, Joanna Nowicki and Catherine Mayaux (eds) (2012) Paris: Honoré Champion Éditeur, 347 pp., ISBN: 9782745324085, ISN: 1169-2952, h/bk, €55
The Body Besieged. The Embodiment of Historical Memory in Nina Bouraoui and Leïla Sebbar, Helen Vassallo (2012) Lanham, MD and Plymouth, UK: Lexington Books, 169 pp., ISBN: 9780739171424, h/bk, $80
Aventuriers et sédentaires. Parcours du roman québécois, Gauvin Lise (2012) Paris: Honoré Champion, 243 pp., ISBN: 9782745324139, €23.75, pbk
Passages et ancrages en France, Dictionnaire des écrivains migrants de langue française (1981–2011), Ursula Mathis-Moser and Birgit Mertz-Baumgartner (eds) (2012) Paris: Honoré Champion, 965 pp., ISBN: 9782745324009, €160, hbk
Different Drummers: Rhythm and Race in the Americas, By Martin Munro (2010) Berkeley: University of California Press, 280 + ix pp., ISBN: 9780520262836, p/bk, $29.95, £19.95
Negritude Agonistes, Assimilation against Nationalism in the French-speaking Caribbean and Guyane, Christian Filostrat (2008) Cherry Hill, NJ: Africana Homestead Legacy Publishers, 224 pp., ISBN: 9780981893990, p/bk, $50
Unspoken Desires: Lore as case study on shadow narrative
Authors: Nash Margot 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article explores the concept of a shadow narrative lying under the surface of the main film narrative through a case study of the 2012 film Lore. The film is based on the second story in Rachel Seiffert’s book The Dark Room. It was adapted for the screen by British screenwriter Robin Mukherjee and Australian director and screenwriter Cate Shortland. I will search for the structure of this narrative through an analysis of key emotional scenes, moments or spectral traces when the unspoken desires of the protagonist, Lore, surface and take form, when subtext becomes text and nothing is ever the same again. Using film analyst Paul Gulino’s argument that most narrative films consist of eight major sequences, each between eight and fifteen minutes, I will break the film into eight sequences and then identify one key emotional scene in each sequence. I will then analyse the eight key scenes and discuss the development of Lore’s shadow or unspoken narrative of desire. Some of these key scenes re-imagine or extend narrative moments from the book, but most are new, created by the screenwriters in order to make visible the invisible transformation of character and to heighten themes introduced in the first story in the book and brought to a resolution in the third.
The continuing story: Experiments with serial narrative in 1960s prime-time television
Authors: Murphy Caryn 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article examines innovations in prime-time narratives in US prime-time television in the 1960s, using archival evidence to trace the goals, concerns and conflicts of screenwriters and producers on series including The Defenders (CBS, 1961-65), The Fugitive (ABC, 1963-67), Peyton Place (ABC, 1964-69), and Dr. Kildare (NBC, 1961-66). During this decade, television writers and producers innovated in response to outside concerns regarding the content of popular episodic programmes, and as a method of encouraging audience engagement and habit viewership. Historical evidence demonstrates that prime-time writers specifically sought to make a distinction between prime-time continuing narratives and those that aired during the daytime hours, in order to elevate what they considered to be a new form of television storytelling.
Playing with art cinema? Digitality constructs in Ruben Östlund’s Play
Authors: Stenport Anna Westerståhl , Traylor Garrett 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article analyses how Swedish director Ruben Östlund’s much-discussed feature film Play (2011) re-aligns assumptions of auteur and art cinema through its plot, thematic and compositional aspects, while relating these to digital communication technologies and convergence paradigms.
Fractionation of lignosulfonates: comparison of ultrafiltration and ethanol solubility to obtain a set of fractions with distinct properties
Authors: Duval Antoine , Molina-Boisseau Sonia , Chirat Christine 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Commercial lignosulfonates (LS), recovered from bisulfite pulping processes, are known for their wide polydispersity. In this study, LS were fractionated by ultrafiltration (UF) and based on their solubility in ethanol (EtOH) solutions. The combination of both methods leads to a set of fractions of varying properties, suitable for several applications. UF gives well-separated fractions, with low polydispersity, and increasing functionality (sulfonate and phenolic hydroxyl groups) with decreasing molecular weight (MW). EtOH solubility yields more polydisperse fractions but still appears to be an easy and rapid way to obtain fractions with increasing MW. The residual sugars in LS, resulting from incomplete removal of hemicelluloses, were found to be mainly in the form of low MW oligomers, which were not bound chemically to lignin. Thermal degradation of the different fractions was also compared, giving better comprehension of the influence of the structure and composition. A glass transition temperature (T

g
) could be measured for some fractions and was correlated to their MW.
Effect of depth on shear-wave elastography estimated in the internal and external cervical os during pregnancy
Authors: Hernandez-Andrade Edgar , Aurioles-Garibay Alma , Garcia Maynor , Korzeniewski Steven J. , Schwartz Alyse G. , Ahn Hyunyoung , Martinez-Varea Alicia , Yeo Lami , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Hassan Sonia S. , Romero Roberto 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Aim: To investigate the effect of depth on cervical shear-wave elastography.

Methods: Shear-wave elastography was applied to estimate the velocity of propagation of the acoustic force impulse (shear wave) in the cervix of 154 pregnant women at 11–36 weeks of gestation. Shear-wave speed (SWS) was evaluated in cross-sectional views of the internal and external cervical os in five regions of interest: anterior, posterior, lateral right, lateral left, and endocervix. Distance from the center of the ultrasound (US) transducer to the center of each region of interest was registered.

Results: In all regions, SWS decreased significantly with gestational age (P=0.006). In the internal os, SWS was similar among the anterior, posterior, and lateral regions and lower in the endocervix. In the external os, the endocervix and anterior regions showed similar SWS values, lower than those from the posterior and lateral regions. In the endocervix, these differences remained significant after adjustment for depth, gestational age, and cervical length. SWS estimations in all regions of the internal os were higher than those of the external os, suggesting denser tissue.

Conclusion: Depth from the US probe to different regions in the cervix did not significantly affect the SWS estimations.
Effect of Neutron Irradiation on Brittle Fracture Initiation in VVER-1000 Reactor Pressure Vessel Materials
Authors: Kuleshova E. A. , Artamonov M. A. , Erak A. D. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This work contains fractographic analysis of base metal and weld metal specimens of a VVER-1000 reactor pressure vessel (RPV) in initial state and after neutron irradiation. In this work, two main types of brittle fracture origins were discovered for VVER-1000 RPV materials in different states—non-metallic inclusions and grain or subgrain boundaries, as well as the correlation between the cleavage initiation distance and critical stress-intensity factor KJc values for each type of fracture origin. In this paper, evolution of relative proportion between these two types of origins under neutron irradiation was also studied.
Oldest Omaliini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae) Discovered in the Opaque Cretaceous Amber of Charentes
Authors: Peris D , Thayer M K , Néraudeau D 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBelonging to the Staphylinidae, the largest animal family known, recent Omaliinae are a diverse and widespread group of rove beetles. There are omaliine representatives known since Early—Middle Jurassic compressions, but members of the tribe Omaliini have been known only from the Cenozoic. Duocalcar geminum Peris and Thayer gen. et sp. nov. is described as the oldest definitive fossil of the tribe Omaliini worldwide, originating from opaque mid-Cretaceous (latest Albian) amber of Charentes, south-western France. The discovery and description were made possible with the use of the propagation phase-contrast X-ray synchrotron imaging technique, which allows the detailed study of otherwise invisible specimens in opaque amber.
Centralised Produced Water Treatment in the Niger Delta; A Cure-All for Disposal and Re-Injection Requirements?
Authors: Murray Graeme 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
When developing marginal fields, the maximisation of production and the minimisation of cost are two key drivers. This paper is concerned with one of the main cost streams in terms of capex, opex, environmental threat and management time; the treatment and disposal of produced water. Whilst many of the concepts are applicable to any marginal field development, the thrust of the paper is aimed at the Niger Delta's particular situation.
To effectively design water treatment and injection systems, a wide range of skills is needed. If water is required for pressure maintenance or sweep, the decision must be taken whether to use produced, aquifer, sea or commingled water. The water needs to be accurately characterised (a difficult task in itself). The potential for scale formation and souring must be assessed. The geology of the injection zone should be understood and its injectivity measured. The best techno-economic treatment and injection system needs to be designed; this should be robust and well-proven for use in local conditions.
Worldwide, there is a shortage of ‘available’ oilfield water management expertise. It is therefore unrealistic to expect fledgling oil companies to have such expertise in-house. If each oil company in the Delta Region ‘goes it alone’ the repercussions will include: a) fewer available experts; b) greater capital expenditure and environmental damage across the region due to ‘sparing’, construction and drilling; c) lack of water trading; d) less ability to provide community services of substance; e) greater risk of environmental incidents, and; f) increased regional opex.
This paper describes the rationale for a small number of centralised water processing systems: each taking water from several oil companies; disposing or re-supplying it responsibly and providing in-depth assistance to the local communities; with expected savings in project studies, implementation time, capex, opex, environmental clean-up and water resources.
Evaluation of Safety Performance and Compliance of Workers in Selected Oil and Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Stella Anumadu Ugochi , Dosunmu Adewale , Anyanwu Chimaroke , Ekeinde Evelyn , Odagme Baridor 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In both developed and developing countries, the oil and gas industries are considered to be one of the most significant industries in terms of its impact on health and safety of the working population. Oil and Gas industries are both economically and socially important. However, the oil and gas industries are also recognized to be the most hazardous. This research was set out to assess accident rate, safety performance and compliance in three different sectors of oil and gas producing companies in Nigeria (indigenous, national and international oil and gas industries) and to know DPR standard of safety for the oil and gas company.
The study populations were 474 staff of the three different sectors of oil and gas companies and 96 for DPR. 700 questionnaires were designed and administered. The response rate was 81.43%. The collected data was analysed descriptively to determine accident rate amongst the three different oil and gas sectors and using Kendall's coefficient of concordance to establish the level of correspondent of the respondents on awareness and compliance to safety standard and procedure.
The study revealed that the respondents of indigenous oil and gas companies has low safety standard when compared to DPR standard, low level of awareness (44%) and compliance (47%) to safety standard and procedures and high accident rate, national oil and gas companies respondents revealed safety standard above average, good level of awareness (56%) and compliance (53%) to safety standard and procedures and low accident while for the international oil and gas
Sodium Silicate Cement Squeeze Best Practice
Authors: Garba M. D. , Petitt I. , Macphee D. E. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Setting a conventional cement plug is nearly unsuccessful when there is any wellbore flow especially for the zechstein formations. As such, the used of sodium silicate remain the common option. The silicate polymerization and gelation has been used in well formation to plug holes and reduce the catastrophic flow which cause a lot of production loses. This is usually encountered during drilling rocks zone producing large amount of water or brine. This could result in large volume of the drilling fluid lost into the formation and consequently reduce the effectiveness of the drilling operations. The total successfulness of sodium silicate/cement squeeze depends strongly on whether the cement placed in the desired place without any contamination. Contamination from Oil Base Mud (OBM), Brine influx in the formation can affect the properties of the cement and lead to the failure of it is placement. Other factors include too low concentration of the silicate and or fresh water dilution may also contribute to some extent as tentatively drawn from a bottle test. The thesis focuses on the laboratory evaluation of the likelihood of this contaminant resulted in the sodium silicate/cement squeeze failure in Swift well. The chemistry of their interaction with the cement slurry is discussed. The zechstein brine is prepared using a programmed spread-sheet provided by Shell UK Company based on typical Molln formation as produced from a well in Germany
Compressive strength, thickening time and consistency of the source contaminant were measured varying the volume of the contaminant to see their influences comparing to the neat cement and to see how the extent of these contaminations affected the cement properties. Conclusions were made base on the change of these properties observed on what potentially contribute to it is failure
Improving Oil Production and Recovery Using WAG Injection; A Niger Delta Case Study
Authors: Mayowa Sunmonu Rasak , Ajiboye Oluwatosin , Olominu Oluwafemi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The days of easy oil are going. The frontier of oil and gas exploitation continues to be pushed further as a result of oil price volatility, new technologies, and an ever dynamic political and economic atmosphere. Production by primary and secondary recovery have been known to only recover a limited fraction of the oil in place thus the need to look into more innovative ways to improve recovery especially in declining assets through suitable EOR methods.
Several EOR techniques have been developed for improving oil recovery from reservoirs one of which is Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection. In this work, WAG is presented as a potential candidate to increase oil productivity in the Niger delta. WAG involves the cyclic injection of water and gas into the reservoir so as to squeeze out more oil. By decreasing gas mobility and capillary forces, guaranteeing effective microscopic displacement due to gas flooding and reducing the mobility ratio thus improving the macroscopic sweep created by water injection, it combines the advantages of water flooding and gas injection in optimizing residual oil production.
This study aims at investigating the possible increase in oil production and reserves from a Niger Delta field through the use of Immiscible WAG injection as an EOR process. In conducting this study, various development strategies such as Gas Injection, Water Injection and Immiscible WAG were proposed in exploiting the reservoir. Using a conventional 3-D numerical simulator to mimic the process, comparison was then made between the various strategies where results such as field oil recovery, cumulative oil recovery and production rate were analysed. With Immiscible WAG injection, an increase in recovery above the very popular gas injection or water injection was observed. Parameters critical to the success of a WAG enhanced oil recovery process such as three-phase flow, hysteresis effect, WAG cycle, WAG ratio, and Injection rates and their effects was also studied.
Feasibility Study of Improved Gas Recovery by Water Influx Control in Water Drive Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Ogolo N. A. , Isebor J. O. , Onyekonwu M. O 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Gas recovery factor from water drive gas reservoirs is very low compared to recovery made from depletion drive gas reservoirs. Other problems associated with gas recovery from water drive mechanism include high residual gas saturation in the water invaded zone of the reservoir, high volume of produced water, abandonment at high reservoir pressures and high possibility of hydrate formation in pipe lines. The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) in displacing natural gas from volumetric gas reservoirs has been studied, practised and is successful. In this paper, it is proposed that extending this practice to gas reservoirs under strong water drive mechanism can improve recovery and control water influx.
CO2 is denser than natural gas and water is denser than CO2. The different densities of these fluids can be taken advantage of to boost natural gas recovery from water drive gas reservoirs. The continuous CO2 injection process at the gas water (g/w) contact can partially prevent water encroachment into the system. The technique can change the water drive mechanism to full or partial depletion drive where CO2 will separate the natural gas zone from direct contact with the water zone. Any eventual water invasion into the reservoir affects the CO2 zone, not the upward moving natural gas zone.
This technique was studied by simulation using data from a lean gas reservoir under strong water drive. Two cases were considered. In the first case, which is the reference case, gas production under water drive was allowed for 30years. In the second case, CO2 was injected at the initial gas water contact for the same number of years. Simulation results showed that water production from the reservoir was drastically reduced to about 60% in the second case because the rate of water influx into the reservoir was controlled. Gas recovery from two producer wells out of three that were considered improved above 10% and gas condensate recovery was improved to about 4% over the period of production that CO2 was injected.