bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D printing of recombinant collagen/chitosan methacrylate/nanoclay hydrogels loaded with Kartogenin nanoparticles for cartilage regeneration
Authors: Zhang Wanting , Shi Kejia , Yang Jianfeng , Li Wenjing , Yu Yang , Mi Yu , Yao Tianyu , Ma Pei , Fan Daidi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cartilage defects are frequently caused by trauma, illness and degradation of the cartilage. If these defects are not sufficiently treated, the joints will degrade irreversibly, possibly resulting in disability. Articular cartilage lacks blood vessels and nerves and is unable to regenerate itself, so the repair of cartilage defects is extremely challenging in clinical treatment. Tissue engineering technology is an emerging technology in cartilage repair and cartilage regeneration. 3D-printed hydrogels show great potential in cartilage tissue engineering for the fabrication of 3D cell culture scaffolds to mimic extracellular matrix. In this study, we construct a 3D-printed hydrogel loaded with nanoparticles by electrostatic interaction and photo cross-linking for the regeneration of cartilage, which has adaptable and drug-continuous release behavior. A photopolymerizable bioink was prepared using recombinant collagen, chitosan, nanoclay Laponite-XLG and nanoparticles loaded with Kartogenin (KGN). This bioink was added with KGN, a small molecule drug that promotes cartilage differentiation, and as a result, the 3D-printed CF/CM/3%LAP/KGN scaffolds obtained by extrusion printing is expected to be used for cartilage repair. It was shown that the 3D-printed scaffolds had good cytocompatibility for human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and exhibited excellent antimicrobial properties, the continuous release of KGN in the scaffold induced the hBMSCs differentiation into chondrocytes, which significantly enhanced the expression of collagen II and glycosaminoglycan. In vivo studies have shown that implantation of KGN-loaded scaffolds into cartilage-injured tissues promoted cartilage tissue regeneration. This study demonstrated that 3D-printed CF/CM/3%LAP/KGN scaffolds can be used for cartilage repair, which is expected to lead to new healing opportunities for cartilage injury-based diseases.
Analysis of the impact of Arctic environment conditions on the psychophysical status of navigators and the safety of ice navigation
Authors: Goncharov Vadim K , Chugaeva Angelika E , Kviatkovskaia Elena S , Zueva Ekaterina S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Arctic is a specific geographical region whose environment affects any person staying and working there, so it demands research on the practice of ice navigation. The most difficult period of navigation is the winter to spring time, when Arctic seas are covered by an ice cover. Ice navigation is always associated with many difficulties for a ship's crew, not only because of the geographical location of the water area but also because the climatic and environmental conditions impact their mental and physical state. These conditions, namely the length of the polar night and day, the extreme frosts, the maximum number of foggy days and the duration of the ice period on all the tracks of the cargo ships along the North Sea Route, were selected and analysed as the dominant factors that impact on crew members. The analysis was performed on the basis of the ‘Matrix of Arctic Impacts’, which summarizes data about the level of the selected factors in the local water areas along the North Sea Route and provides data on the local water areas with the most impacts of Arctic environment factors on the psychophysical status of crew members. In these water areas, accidents caused by the ‘human factor’ are most likely to occur. Therefore, special studies of the Arctic environment's impact on navigators is required in order to improve the safety of ice navigation.
Signs, Sources, Coping Strategies, and Suggested Interventions for Burnout Among Preclerkship Students at a U.S. Medical School: A Qualitative Focus Group Study
Authors: Melo Valeria D. , Saifuddin Hiba , Peng Lillian T. , Wolanskyj-Spinner Alexandra P. , Marshall Ariela L. , Leep Hunderfund Andrea N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Research suggests that burnout can begin early in medical school, yet burnout among preclerkship students remains underexplored. This study aimed to characterize burnout signs, sources, coping strategies, and potential interventions among preclerkship students at one U.S. medical school.

Method
The authors conducted a qualitative study of preclerkship students at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine (MCASOM) in June 2019. Participants completed 2 Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) items (measuring frequency of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) and 2 free-text questions on burnout before participating in 1 of 3 semistructured focus groups. Focus group questions were derived from a literature review on medical student burnout with input from the MCASOM Student Life and Wellness Committee. Group discussions were recorded, transcribed, coded inductively, and analyzed iteratively (along with free-text comments) using a general inductive approach from a constructivist perspective.

Results
Eighteen of 111 eligible students (16%) participated, with 5/18 (28%) reporting weekly emotional exhaustion and/or depersonalization on MBI items. Analysis of focus group transcripts showed that most students had experienced burnout symptoms during their first or second year, corresponding with school-related stressors and manifesting in cognitive-emotional, physical, and verbal-behavioral ways. Students identified systemic, institutional, and individual burnout drivers and discussed how these drivers interacted (e.g., high standards of excellence at the system level interacted with anxiety and maladaptive thinking at the individual level, creating pressure to always do more). Students used various coping strategies (e.g., self-care, peer support, reframing, and compartmentalization) but emphasized limitations of these strategies and recommended interventions directed toward systemic and institutional burnout drivers.

Conclusions
This study offers insights into burnout signs and sources among preclerkship medical students that can inform future large-scale studies. Results suggest that burnout emerges from dynamic interactions among systemic, institutional, and individual factors and may benefit from multipronged interventions.
Relative Value Unit (RVU) and Medicare Severity Diagnosis-related Group (MS-DRG) Reimbursement in Cervical Spinal Fusion
Authors: Asthana Shravan , Bajaj Pranav M. , Staub Jacob R. , Workman Connor D. , Reyes Samuel G. , Follett Matthew A. , Patel Alpesh A. , Hsu Wellington K. , Divi Srikanth N. 
Published: August 2024

Study Design:
Level 3 retrospective database study.

Objective:
This study aims to compare work RVU (wRVU), practice expense RVU (peRVU), malpractice RVU (mpRVU), and inflation-adjusted facility price alongside MS-DRG relative weight length of stay (LOS) for cervical spine fusions between 2011 and 2023.

Summary of Background Data:
Both RVU and MS-DRG reimbursement have been studied in various surgical subspecialties; however, little investigation has centered on cervical spine fusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate trends in RVU and MS-DRG reimbursement in cervical spine fusion throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) physician fee schedule was queried between 2011 and 2023 for RVU and facility reimbursement using common single and multilevel anterior and posterior cervical fusion codes. RVU facility prices were inflation adjusted to 2023. MS-DRG reimbursement data from 2011 to 2022 were compiled for cervical spinal fusion procedures with major complication or comorbidity (MCC) 471, complication or comorbidity (CC) 472, and without CC/MCC 473. Compound annual growth rates (CAGRs), Mean Annual Change, and yearly percent changes were calculated.

Results:
No changes in wRVU were seen for all cervical CPT codes; however, the CAGR of peRVU (−0.51%±0.60%) and mpRVU (0.69%±0.41%) demonstrated marginal fluctuations. Every CPT code displayed an inflation-adjusted facility price decrease (−2.18%±0.24%). When assessing MS-DRG, there were marginal changes in geometric mean LOS (0.17%±0.45%), arithmetic mean LOS (−0.15%±0.84%), and relative weight (1.09%±0.68%). Unlike RVU reimbursement, the yearly percent change differs between each MS-DRG code.

Conclusions:
Inflation-adjusted RVU reimbursement facility prices demonstrated a consistent decrease, while DRG code reimbursement stayed relatively consistent over the study period. This data may help surgeons and hospitals become cognizant of temporal variations in reimbursement patterns as it may affect their personal practice.

Level of Evidence:
Level III retrospective study.
Immunogenicity of Botulinum Toxin A: Insights
Authors: Rahman Eqram , Carruthers Jean D. A. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is widely used in treating dystonia and spasticity to managing chronic migraine and cosmetic applications. However, its immunogenic potential presents challenges, such as the development of neutralizing antibodies that lead to diminished therapeutic efficacy over time, known as secondary nonresponse.

OBJECTIVE
This review aims to bridge the knowledge gap regarding the immunogenic mechanisms of BoNT-A and to explore effective management strategies to mitigate these immune responses.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The authors conducted a systematic search in databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, using keywords related to BoNT-A's immunogenicity. The selection process refined 157 initial articles down to 23 relevant studies, which underwent analysis to investigate the underlying mechanisms of immunogenicity and the factors influencing it.

RESULTS
The analysis revealed that both the neurotoxin component and the neurotoxin-associated proteins could elicit an immune response. However, only antibodies against the core toxin influence therapeutic outcomes. Various patient-specific factors such as genetic predispositions and prior immune experiences, along with treatment-related factors such as dosage and frequency, play crucial roles in shaping these responses.

CONCLUSION
Understanding the specific immunogenic triggers and responses to BoNT-A is critical for optimizing treatment protocols and improving patient outcomes.
Contouring With Neuromodulators
Authors: Minokadeh Ardalan , Cheng Charles , Bertucci Vince 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Botulinum toxins, originally used for facial rejuvenation, have emerged as a promising tool for sculpting and refining contours for both the face and body.

METHODS
The peer-reviewed literature on neuromodulator contouring treatments was analyzed, with a particular emphasis on studies and case reports involving the use of botulinum toxin type A.

RESULTS
Modification of face, neck, shoulder, arm, and calf contour has been reported. Treatment and dosing protocols vary with the strength and depth of the target muscle. Regional effects of neuromodulator treatment begin to appear approximately 2 weeks after injection and are often most prominent at the 70- to 90-day time point. Although treatments are generally well tolerated, short-term muscle weakness and other side effects may occur.

CONCLUSION
The use of neuromodulators to enhance facial and body contours has demonstrated efficacy, but further research is needed to validate their use and explore the full potential of this intervention through larger randomized controlled trials. The application of neuromodulators as a minimally invasive tool to address the rising demand for nonsurgical body sculpting represents a promising frontier in aesthetics.
New and Future Developments in Neurotoxins
Authors: Yoelin Steve , Hooper Deirdre 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
There are 7 known serotypes of botulinum neurotoxins (A through G). Currently, commercially available toxins are those in serotypes A and B. This paper will discuss new toxins on the horizon, developments in prolonging and shortening the duration of outcomes, and novel therapeutic indications on the horizon.

OBJECTIVE
To provide insight into new toxins and new therapeutic modalities surrounding toxins on the horizon.

METHODS
The authors have reviewed the relevant literature and shared their insights and opinions as to future developments in toxin research and potential clinical applications.

CONCLUSION
Botulinum neurotoxin type E's faster onset and shorter duration of effect represent true clinical differentiators. Future development of botulinum neurotoxin type E for aesthetic and therapeutic uses will be in areas where fast onset and short duration of effect are desirable. Current challenges with neuromodulators include the need for frequent treatments and lack of reversal agents. Agents to address both challenges and novel indications, including inhibition of melanogenesis, are being developed.
A Review of Current Data on Duration of Effect in Glabellar Lines After Treatment With AbobotulinumtoxinA 50 U
Authors: Cohen Joel L. , Cox Sue Ellen , Glaser Dee Anna , Moradi Amir , Dayan Steven , Jacob Carolyn , Schlessinger Joel , Joseph John , Kaufman-Janette Joely , El-Qadi Sami , Persson Cecilia , Prygova Inna 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
AbobotulinumtoxinA has become well established as a treatment option for moderate to severe glabellar lines since its first aesthetic approval in 2009.

OBJECTIVE
Pivotal trials leading to regulatory approval showed that abobotulinumtoxinA treatment was associated with high responder rates when defined as achievement of none or mild glabellar lines (0 or 1 on the glabellar line severity scale) and a duration of action of up to 5 months. More recently, the goals for treatment of glabellar lines have shifted toward not only achieving a decrease in glabellar line severity but also ensuring that patients are satisfied with their experience.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients seek an improvement in the appearance of their glabellar lines while maintaining a “natural look,” fast onset of effect, and long duration of response.

RESULTS
Trial designs have evolved to meet these new targets, including expanding the definition of responders to those having at least 1-grade improvement in the glabellar line severity scale score from baseline coupled with the use of subject satisfaction and psychological well-being questionnaires.

CONCLUSION
The findings demonstrate that abobotulinumtoxinA remains a well-tolerated and consistently effective treatment option associated with a rapid onset of effect, duration of efficacy lasting up to 6 months, and high, long-lasting levels of patient satisfaction.
Unpredictable Cyclosporine Clearance in a Korean Patient With Aplastic Anemia With Adverse Effects: A Case Study
Authors: Shihmanter Renata , Miller Edward B. , Shvartsman Ekaterina , Shmuely Haim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
A 29-year-old Korean woman with chronic aplastic anemia presented with seizures due to cyclosporine-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, caused by unpredictable oral cyclosporine (CS) accumulation and prolonged elimination. This case demonstrates the need to monitor CS drug levels with careful dose adjustments.
The unseen burden: the tangled web of paternal postpartum depression and childhood resilience
Authors: Habib Ashna , Ali Tooba , Nazir Zainab , Ismail Areeba , Farrag Doha A. , Haque Md Ariful 
Published: August 2024

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant mental health disorder that has received little attention (both clinically and experimentally) and is underdiagnosed. PPD is most associated with mothers after giving birth. However, it may also affect fathers for unknown reasons. Poverty, a family history of depression, and hormonal changes are all risk factors for PPD in fathers. Although not much is known about paternal PPD, research indicates that it is often 8.7% prevalent in the first year, peaking between 3 and 6 months after childbirth (9.2%).
A Breast Reduction Technique for the Free DIEP Flap Post Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Cordoba Magdalena , Cordoba Tomas , Delisle Éolie , Mozafarinia Maryam , Cordoba Carlos 
Published: August 2024

Summary:
Breast flap remodeling is a common procedure after breast reconstruction. We present a unique approach to breast reduction using a superomedial pedicle inverted “T” technique in patients with previous free deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction, not previously reported. Breast reduction can be a valid option for reshaping breasts after free DIEP flap reconstruction. Breast reduction using the superomedial pedicle inverted T technique is performed in patients who have undergone free DIEP flap breast reconstruction. The superomedial pedicle inverted T breast reduction technique in breast reconstruction with free DIEP flaps seems promising, as the reduced DIEP flaps survived. The superomedial pedicle inverted T breast reduction technique in breast reconstruction with free DIEP flaps offers a good option for secondary breast reshaping. Preservation of the pedicle and blood supply are potential advantages. However, the limited evidence and surgical expertise needed are important considerations. This technique shows promise for breast reductions after free DIEP flap breast reconstruction.
Correlation of Binocular Perimetry Screening Using imo: A Portable Head Mounted Perimeter With 10-2 Standard Automated Perimetry for Early Glaucoma With Central Visual Field Defects
Authors: Nishijima Euido , Itoh Yoshinori , Noro Takahiko , Ogawa Shumpei , Okude Sachiyo , Nakano Tadashi 
Published: August 2024

Précis:
The screening program using imo strongly correlates with 10-2 standard automated perimetry in detecting central visual field defects in early glaucoma, highlighting its potential as a valuable tool for efficient screening and severity quantification.

Purpose:
To investigate the correlation between abnormalities within the central 10 degrees of the screening program using imo, a portable head-mounted perimeter, and 10-2 standard automated perimetry in early-stage glaucoma with central visual field defects.

Methods:
This retrospective study included early glaucoma with (26 eyes) and without (38 eyes) central visual field defects. The correlation between the numbers of abnormal points within the central 10 degrees of the imo screening program and those in the probability plot of 10-2, and mean total deviation and pattern deviation, were analyzed.

Results:
The imo screening program demonstrated sensitivity (80%) and specificity (98.7%) in detecting abnormalities, with a 91.6% agreement rate of 10-2. The mean number of anomalies in the 10-2 plot (pattern deviation) with P<1% was 0.85, 7.75, and 9.69 (95% CI: 0.18–1.51, 5.38–10.1, and 6.89–12.5, respectively) for no, 1, and 2 anomalies in the imo screening program, respectively. The number of anomalies with P<1% was significantly higher when the imo screening program detected 1 anomaly versus none (P<0.01) and 2 versus 1 (P<0.05). Mean total deviation values were −1.15, −7.5, and −15.2 (95% CI: −2.32 to 0.03, −11.21 to −3.78, and −19.7 to −10.6, respectively), while mean pattern deviation values were −1.57, −9.0, and −16.0 (95% CI: −2.57 to −0.57, −12.5 to −5.49, and −21.4 to −10.7, respectively), for no, 1, and 2 anomalies in the imo screening program, respectively.

Conclusions:
The imo portable head-mounted perimeter was found to correlate with 10-2 standard automated perimetry in glaucoma patients with central visual field defects and has the potential to shorten visual field testing times.
Increasing Sexual Violence Reporting and Disclosure in Higher Education Institutions: A Proposed Approach to Critically Analyze the Internal Organizational Context
Authors: Kennedy Karen , Malinen KelleyAnne , Gunn Virginia 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims
This article explores the underreporting of sexual violence (SV) in higher education, highlighting serious implications for survivors who may silently cope with its aftermath instead of accessing crucial resources.

Methods
We utilize Bolman and Deal's four-frame model for organizational change to assess how internal factors within organizations may influence reporting of SV. The four frames—symbolic, structural, human resources, and political—offer a systematic analysis of the internal organizational context in higher education institutions concerning SV reporting.

Results
Our suggested approach offers concrete dimensions and probing questions for examination. Derived from a qualitative study, our recommendations align with Bolman and Deal's four-frame model, aiding in assessing the organizational environment. This approach assists stakeholders in identifying barriers/facilitators in the internal organizational context of higher education institutions, enabling effective planning for improved SV reporting/disclosure.

Conclusions
A thorough analysis is essential for understanding factors influencing campus SV reporting. Our proposed critical analysis and recommendations serve as a starting point to identify organizational barriers/facilitators, informing the revision of SV policies and processes, including reporting.

Potential Impact of Improved Sexual Assault Reporting in Higher Education Institutions on Forensic Nursing and Survivors/Victims' Allies
Enhanced reporting of sexual assault in higher education benefits forensic nurses and allies, like student affairs, advocacy groups, unions, SV coordinators, health centers, equity departments, human rights officers, and administration. Improved analysis of institutional and cultural contexts allows for tailored services to better meet survivors' needs. Increased reporting should lead institutions to higher service utilization, requiring careful planning for resource allocation.
Bayesian interpretation of likelihood ratios in clinical diagnosis and public health
Authors: Kostoulas Polychronis , Doi Suhail A. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
This study provides a Bayesian interpretation of likelihood ratios and their role in updating the pretest probability of disease, typically represented by the prevalence, to a posttest probability.

Recent findings
We highlight the importance of likelihood ratios in this process, particularly in low prevalence settings. For example, we demonstrate that a high LR+ can significantly increase the posttest probability of disease, providing crucial information for clinical decision-making. Furthermore, we emphasize the significance of the fold increase in the probability of disease given a positive test result, particularly in low prevalence settings.

Summary
This study underscores the importance of considering likelihood ratios on our posttest updated probability of disease and highlights their implications for public health and individual diagnosis. Understanding these factors can enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of diagnostic decision-making, ultimately leading to improved public health outcomes and patient care.
FDG PET/MRI in a Case of Isolated Abdominal Incisional Site Metastasis After Laparoscopic Surgery for Colon Cancer
Authors: Ji Xia , Dong Aisheng , Wang Yang , Zuo Changjing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Abdominal-wall metastasis following laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer is rare. We describe FDG PET/MRI findings in a case of isolated abdominal incisional site metastasis after laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer. The abdominal-wall metastasis showed slight hyperintensity on T2-weighted fat-suppressed image and intense focal FDG uptake on PET. This case demonstrates the usefulness of FDG PET/MRI in detecting the atypical metastasis from colon cancer.