bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BRAIN AND SERUM CALCIUM CONCENTRATIONS FOLLOWING ELECTROCONVULSIVE SHOCK OR BICUCULLINE‐INDUCED CONVULSIONS IN RATS
Authors: BOWDLER JULIE M. , GREEN A. RICHARD , RAWLE FRANCES C. 
Published: May 2015

A single electroconvulsive shock (ECS; 125 V, 1 s, 50 Hz) given to rats anaesthetized with halothane produced little change in either serum or regional brain calcium concentrations, compared to rats anaesthetized with halothane, either 5 min or 24 h after the convulsion. Both anaesthetic and ECS‐treated rats showed an elevated serum concentration 5 min after the ECS.
When 5 ECS were given spread out over 10 days there were no significant calcium concentration changes in either serum or brain except for an increase in the pons/medulla.
A single convulsion produced by bicuculline (0.375 mg/kg i.v.) resulted in a marked increase in the calcium concentration in serum, but not brain, 5 min later. Diazepam pretreatment (10 mg/kg i.v.) prevented both the convulsion and the serum calcium change.
Results are discussed in relation to clinical data on calcium changes following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and the enhanced monoamine‐mediated behaviours which follow ECS administration to rats.
Understanding compassion fatigue: understanding compassion
Authors: Ledoux Kathleen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimA discussion of how the construct of compassion fatigue is understood in nursing.BackgroundCompassion fatigue is a topic commonly found in nursing literature.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesThe literature from 1992–2012 on compassion fatigue was examined. The literature from 1998–2012 on compassion was examined.Implications for nursingThere are multiple and diverse understandings and definitions of what compassion fatigue is. So much so, there are equally multiple, diverse and conflicting strategies to mitigate it. To understand better what compassion fatigue is, an examination of what compassion is was undertaken. Much is written that nurses are, or should be compassionate. Compassion is an archetype of nursing. However, there is little in the nursing literature defining what compassion is. Literature on compassion outside of nursing was then examined. There is a growing body of theory and research about compassion in other disciplines. None of the multiple definitions of nurse compassion fatigue match this understanding of compassion. The tools most often used to measure nurse compassion fatigue do not appear to measure the construct of compassion.ConclusionTo understand what nurse compassion fatigue is, we must first understand what nurse compassion is.
Accounting Conservatism and the Cost of Capital: An International Analysis
Authors: Li Xi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the role of conditional accounting conservatism in mitigating the cost of equity and debt capital in an international setting. The findings are that firms domiciled in countries with more conservative financial reporting systems have lower cost of equity and debt capital. The paper further explores the cross‐sectional variation of the above relationships, finding that the negative association between conditional conservatism and the cost of equity and debt capital is more pronounced in countries with stronger legal enforcement, suggesting a complementary role between conservatism and legal institutions in capital markets. In addition, the paper finds that conservatism only reduces the cost of debt in countries where accounting‐based covenants are widely used, consistent with the argument that conditional conservatism improves the efficiency of debt contracts via accelerating covenant violations.
A pair of light signaling factors FHY3 and FAR1 regulates plant immunity by modulating chlorophyll biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Wanqing , Tang Weijiang , Ma Tingting , Niu De , Jin Jing Bo , Wang Haiyang , Lin Rongcheng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLight and chloroplast function is known to affect the plant immune response; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We previously demonstrated that two light signaling factors, FAR‐RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 3 (FHY3) and FAR‐RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE 1 (FAR1), regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis and seedling growth via controlling HEMB1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we reveal that FHY3 and FAR1 are involved in modulating plant immunity. We showed that the fhy3 far1 double null mutant displayed high levels of reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid (SA) and increased resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pathogen infection. Microarray analysis revealed that a large proportion of pathogen‐related genes, particularly genes encoding nucleotide‐binding and leucine‐rich repeat domain resistant proteins, are highly induced in fhy3 far1. Genetic studies indicated that the defects of fhy3 far1 can be largely rescued by reducing SA signaling or blocking SA accumulation, and by overexpression of HEMB1, which encodes a 5‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, we found that transgenic plants with reduced expression of HEMB1 exhibit a phenotype similar to fhy3 far1. Taken together, this study demonstrates an important role of FHY3 and FAR1 in regulating plant immunity, through integrating chlorophyll biosynthesis and the SA signaling pathway.
When is facial diplegia regarded as a variant of Guillain‐Barré syndrome?
Authors: Kim J. K. , Oh S. Y. , Sohn E. H. , Hong Y. H. , Jun S. M. , Bae J. S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA variant of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) with predominant manifestation of facial diplegia (FD) has been described recently. This study aimed to characterize and determine the incidence of this FD‐predominant GBS variant. The clinical and serological information of 900 consecutive patients were reviewed. In total, eight patients were identified between January 2007 and December 2010 as having FD accompanied by some features of GBS. These features were subjective sensory symptoms such as distal paresthesia (7/8, 88%), albumin‐cytological (A/C) dissociation (7/8, 88%), antecedent infection (6/8, 75%), and minor nerve conduction study (NCS) abnormalities (5/7, 71%). One patient presented with the typical NCS feature of demyelinating neuropathy. Only two patients exhibited areflexia (2/8, 25%). None of the patients possessed any anti‐ganglioside antibodies; however, the serum of two patients was positive for anti‐mycoplasma antibody (2/6, 33%). FD variant of GBS occurred in less than 1% of our dataset. FD can be a regional variant of GBS when it is accompanied by supporting features, such as subjective tingling, A/C dissociation, and minor NCS abnormalities.
Diagnosis and laparoscopic management of a rare endometriosis‐related peritoneal mass with rapid growth in early pregnancy
Authors: Di Donato Nadine , Facchini Chiara , Leggieri Concetta , Caprara Giacomo , Seracchioli Renato 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHerein is described the diagnosis, clinical management and laparoscopic removal of a rapid growing retro‐uterine mass in a pregnant woman. After laparoscopic removal of the pelvic mass, diagnosis of peritoneal endometriotic cyst was made on histology. The patient was asymptomatic and no history of endometriosis was reported. The laparoscopic management of the peritoneal mass was safe and effective and to our knowledge this is the first case report describing a decidualized endometriotic lesion in the absence of a pre‐pregnancy endometriosis diagnosis.
Subcutaneous injection of thymopentin in the area of the supramammary lymph node to reduce milk somatic cell count in subclinically mastitic cows
Authors: Guan R. , Xu W. , Pan T. , Su X. , Hu S. 
Published: May 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of thymopentin (TP‐5) injections on subclinical intramammary infection (IMI) in lactating cows. In Experiment I, 40 cows were randomly divided into four groups. The cows in groups 1, 2, and 3 received subcutaneous injections of TP‐5 in the region of the supramammary lymph node at doses of 1, 2, and 4 mg, respectively, for 3 days. In Experiment II, 20 cows were randomly divided into two groups. The cows in group 1 were treated with injections of TP‐5 (4 mg) for 3 days in the same area as in Experiment I. Group 4 in Experiment I and group 2 in Experiment II were not treated and served as control groups. Milk samples were collected before and after treatment for bacteriological examination and analysis of the somatic cell count and level of N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase (NAGase). The results showed that treatment with TP‐5 significantly reduced the somatic cell count (SCC) and NAGase activity of the milk and numerically reduced IMI. A dose of 4 mg was found to be optimal for the reduction of SCC and NAGase in milk. Therefore, further study of the use of TP‐5 in the treatment of bovine mastitis is warranted.
Ordinary chondritic micrometeorites from the Indian Ocean
Authors: Prasad M. Shyam , Rudraswami N. G. , De Araujo Agnelo , Babu E. V. S. S. K. , Vijaya Kumar T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractExtraterrestrial particulate materials on the Earth can originate in the form of collisional debris from the asteroid belt, cometary material, or as meteoroid ablation spherules. Signatures that link them to their parent bodies become obliterated if the frictional heating is severe during atmospheric entry. We investigated 481 micrometeorites isolated from ~300 kg of deep sea sediment, out of which 15 spherules appear to have retained signatures of their provenance, based on their textures, bulk chemical compositions, and relict grain compositions. Seven of these 15 spherules contain chromite grains whose compositions help in distinguishing subgroups within the ordinary chondrite sources. There are seven other spherules which comprise either entirely of dusty olivines or contain dusty olivines as relict grains. Two of these spherules appear to be chondrules from an unequilibrated ordinary chondrite. In addition, a porphyritic olivine pyroxene (POP) chondrule‐like spherule is also recovered. The bulk chemical composition of all the spherules, in combination with trace elements, the chromite composition, and presence of dusty olivines suggest an ordinary chondritic source. These micrometeorites have undergone minimal frictional heating during their passage through the atmosphere and have retained these features. These micrometeorites therefore also imply there is a significant contribution from ordinary chondritic sources to the micrometeorite flux on the Earth.
Devolatilization or melting of carbonates at Meteor Crater, AZ?
Authors: Hörz F. , Archer P. D. , Niles P. B. , Zolensky M. E. , Evans M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe have investigated the carbonates in the impact melts and in a monolithic clast of highly shocked Coconino sandstone of Meteor Crater, AZ to evaluate whether melting or devolatilization is the dominant response of carbonates during high‐speed meteorite impact. Both melt‐ and clast‐carbonates are calcites that have identical crystal habits and that contain anomalously high SiO2 and Al2O3. Also, both calcite occurrences lack any meteoritic contamination, such as Fe or Ni, which is otherwise abundantly observed in all other impact melts and their crystallization products at Meteor Crater. The carbon and oxygen isotope systematics for both calcite deposits suggest a low temperature environment (<100 °C) for their precipitation from an aqueous solution, consistent with caliche. We furthermore subjected bulk melt beads to thermogravimetric analysis and monitored the evolving volatiles with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. CO2 yields were <5 wt%, with typical values in the 2 wt% range; also total CO2 loss is positively correlated with H2O loss, an indication that most of these volatiles derive from the secondary calcite. Also, transparent glasses, considered the most pristine impact melts, yield 100 wt% element totals by EMPA, suggesting complete loss of CO2. The target dolomite decomposed into MgO, CaO, and CO2; the CO2 escaped and the CaO and MgO combined with SiO2 from coexisting quartz and FeO from the impactor to produce the dominant impact melt at Meteor Crater. Although confined to Meteor Crater, these findings are in stark contrast to Osinski et al. (2008) who proposed that melting of carbonates, rather than devolatilization, is the dominant process during hypervelocity impact into carbonate‐bearing targets, including Meteor Crater.
Repair of transposable phage Mu DNA insertions begins only when the E. coli replisome collides with the transpososome
Authors: Jang Sooin , Harshey Rasika M. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryWe report a new cellular interaction between the infecting transposable phage Mu and the host Escherichia coli replication machinery during repair of Mu insertions, which involves filling‐in of short target gaps on either side of the insertion, concomitant with degradation of extraneous long flanking DNA (FD) linked to Mu. Using the FD as a marker to follow repair, we find that after transposition into the chromosome, the unrepaired Mu is indefinitely stable until the replication fork arrives at the insertion site, whereupon the FD is rapidly degraded. When the fork runs into a Mu target gap, a double strand end (DSE) will result; we demonstrate fork‐dependent DSEs proximal to Mu. These findings suggest that Pol III stalled at the transpososome is exploited for co‐ordinated repair of both target gaps flanking Mu without replicating the intervening 37 kb of Mu, disassembling the stable transpososome in the process. This work is relevant to all transposable elements, including retroviral elements like HIV‐1, which share with Mu the common problem of repair of their flanking target gaps.
Availability of apicoectomy information online
Authors: Ritchie M. , Awal D. , Eyeson J.D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to ascertain the quality of information available to the public on the Internet regarding the apicoectomy procedure utilising common internet search terms.Materials and methodsThe five most widely used UK Internet search engines were utilised, searching for the term ‘apicoectomy OR root end surgery’. The first 10 website links brought up on each search engine were then investigated for their contents. The indication for the procedure, details regarding the procedure technique, potential complications and treatment prognosis were all assessed. The topics were evaluated with a scoring system of 0–2 regarding the quality of information contained as compared with the apicoectomy information published on the British Association of Oral Surgeons (BAOS) website. A Flesch Reading Ease Score was also used to assess readability.ResultsAll 50 websites were easily accessible (100%). Two per cent had any form of accreditation by a healthcare website accreditation organisation. Eighty‐two per cent were targeted at the general public rather than healthcare professionals. Seventy‐two per cent had an unspecified author with no obvious affiliation. Eight per cent contained any form of reference. Generally, the complications and prognosis of the apicoectomy procedure were poorly covered, with the indications and technique scoring higher.ConclusionsThe information currently available to patients on the apicoectomy procedure is generally of substandard quality, lacking in terms of content and accreditation. Important facts which are central to the decision‐making process for patients concerning potential complications and long‐term outcomes are particularly poorly covered.
A Job Demands–Resources Approach to Public Service Motivation
Authors: Bakker Arnold B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article uses job demands–resources theory to build a model of public service motivation (PSM). Public service motivation determines how employees in the public sector deal with their daily job demands and resources. Highly motivated public servants are able to deal with their job demands and prevent exhaustion. Additionally, because of their sense of calling, they are motivated to mobilize their job resources to stay engaged and perform well. However, if job demands are consistently high and job resources are consistently low, highly motivated public servants will lose their psychological resources, resulting in lowerPSM. ReducedPSM, as a consequence, may strengthen the loss cycle of job demands and exhaustion and weaken the gain cycle of job resources and engagement. Public service managers and employees may use this model to optimize their work environment on a day‐to‐day basis.
Immunolocalization of Aquaporins 1 and 9 in the Ram Efferent Ducts and Epididymis
Authors: Schimming BC , Pinheiro PFF , de Matteis R , Machado CM , Domeniconi RF 
Published: May 2015

ContentsAquaporins (AQPs) are essential membrane protein channels for the transport of water across membranes. Fluid movement in the epididymis is important for modulation of the luminal environment, in which sperm mature and reside. This study was designed to understand the morphology and localization of AQPs in ram efferent ducts (ED) and epididymis. For this purpose, the epididymis of seven animals were removed for histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. AQP1 immunoreactivity was observed in the apex of the ED, and AQP9 was found adjacent to the nuclei of the epithelial cells of the ED. The epithelial lining of ram epididymis is pseudostratified columnar and presents principal, basal, apical and narrow cells. In the initial segment (IS), a moderate reaction for AQP1 was observed in the apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells. An intense reactivity for AQP1 was noted over the microvilli of principal cells and in spermatozoa in the caput. In the corpus and cauda, AQP1 was noted only over the endothelial cells of vascular channels located in intertubular spaces. A weak‐to‐moderate reaction for AQP9 was observed in the nuclei of epithelial cells in the IS, caput and corpus of the epididymis. In the cauda, an intense reaction to AQP9 was observed in the epithelial border. In the IS, caput and corpus, the reactivity for AQP9 differed from those observed in domestic animals. The cauda showed a pattern similar to that previously described. These results indicate that AQPs 1 and 9 have reversed locations and roles in rams, suggesting activity variations related with fluid and solute absorption throughout the epididymis.
A Simple Variance Estimator of Change for Rotating Repeated Surveys: an Application to The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions Household Surveys
Authors: Berger Y. G. , Priam R. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryA common problem is to compare two cross-sectional estimates for the same study variable taken on two different waves or occasions, and to judge whether the change observed is statistically significant. This involves the estimation of the sampling variance of the estimator of change. The estimation of this variance would be relatively straightforward if cross-sectional estimates were based on the same sample. Unfortunately, samples are not completely overlapping, because of rotations used in repeated surveys. We propose a simple approach based on a multivariate (general) linear regression model. The variance estimator proposed is not a model-based estimator. We show that the estimator proposed is design consistent when the sampling fractions are negligible. It can accommodate stratified and two-stage sampling designs. The main advantage of the approach proposed is its simplicity and flexibility. It can be applied to a wide class of sampling designs and can be implemented with standard statistical regression techniques. Because of its flexibility, the approach proposed is well suited for the estimation of variance for the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions surveys. It allows us to use a common approach for variance estimation for the different types of design. The approach proposed is a useful tool, because it involves only modelling skills and requires limited knowledge of survey sampling theory.
Subjective Wellbeing: Why Weather Matters
Authors: Feddersen John , Metcalfe Robert , Wooden Mark 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe paper reports results from the first ever study of the effect of short-term weather and long-term climate on self-reported life satisfaction that uses longitudinal data. We find robust evidence that day-to-day weather variation impacts self-reported life satisfaction. Utilizing two sources of variation in the cognitive complexity of satisfaction questions, we present evidence that weather effects arise because of the cognitive challenge of reporting life satisfaction. We do not detect a relationship between long-term climate and self-reported life satisfaction by using an individual fixed effects specification, which identifies climate impacts through individuals moving location.
Spatially Modelling the Association Between Access to Recreational Facilities and Exercise: the‘Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis’
Authors: Berchuck Samuel I. , Warren Joshua L. , Herring Amy H. , Evenson Kelly R. , Moore Kari A. B. , Ranchod Yamini K. , Diez-Roux Ana V. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryNumerous studies have investigated the relationship between the built environment and physical activity. However, these studies assume that these relationships are invariant over space. In this study, we introduce a novel method to analyse the association between access to recreational facilities and exercise allowing for spatial heterogeneity. In addition, this association is studied before and after controlling for crime, which is a variable that could explain spatial heterogeneity of associations. We use data from the Chicago site of the ‘Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis’ of 781 adults aged 46 years and over. A spatially varying coefficient tobit regression model is implemented in the Bayesian setting to allow for the association of interest to vary over space. The relationship is shown to vary over Chicago, being positive in the south but negative or null in the north. Controlling for crime weakens the association in the south with little change observed in northern Chicago. The results of this study indicate that spatial heterogeneity in associations of environmental factors with health may vary over space and deserve further exploration.
Does Wal‐Mart Cause an Increase in Anti‐Poverty Expenditures?*
Authors: Hicks Michael 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesThis article addresses the role of Wal‐Mart Store entrance in changing expenditures on federal and state anti‐poverty transfers in the United States.MethodsUsing a panel of the conterminous 48 states, correcting for time and spatial autocorrelation and local government mix and policy changes.ResultsI find that the number of Wal‐Marts and their employment share in the retail sector have no impact on food stamps or AFDC/TANF expenditures. In models that account for retail employment share a 1 percent increase in the Wal‐Mart's share reduced AFDC/TANF expenditures by 3.3 percent.ConclusionsI find that Wal‐Mart does increase Medicaid expenditures by roughly $898 per worker, which is consistent with other studies of the Medicaid costs per low‐wage worker across the United States.