bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demain les Psychothérapies
Authors: Jouvent R. 
Published: November 2013

les progrès des connaissances en particulier dans les domaines des neurosciences affectives et sociales apportent une nouvelle lisibilité aux mécanismes d’action des différentes psychothérapies. Qu’il s’agisse de psychanalyse, de thérapies cognitives, de l’hypnose, de l’EMDR… Nous développerons la présentation selon trois axes : (1) la nécessité de découpler les théories de la pratique et les théories de la connaissance, en vue de clarifier les débats, en particulier entre la démarche étio-pathogénique et la perspective thérapeutique. (2) L’élaboration des bases d’une physiopathologie de l’esprit, au plus près des mécanismes de régulation des émotions, des croyances, et des processus de maintien du self. Dans la ligne de ces propositions, nous discuterons l’opportunité d’une distinction entre les thérapies utilisant les processus de généralisation et celles utilisant la mémoire auto-biographique comme cible et aussi comme outil des psychothérapies (la psychanalyse s’inscrivant dans ce dernier champ). (3) Enfin l’apport des Nouvelles Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (NTIC) (remédiation cognitive, réalité virtuelle, robotique…) comme outils permettant de réparer ou modifier à la fois la flexibilité mentale et aussi les mécanismes d’agentivité, d’embodiement, et l’ensemble des composants de la théorie de l’esprit. Enfin comme conclusion nous proposerons l’idée de psychothérapies intégratives réunissant des pratiques thérapeutiques jusqu’ici séparées voire incompatibles.
Étude de l’utilisation optimisée de la rispéridone à libération prolongée par un programme d’accompagnement des patients
Authors: Jalbert J. , Rouillon F. , Astruc B. , Rossignol M. , Bénichou J. , Baylé F. , Bennoune R. , David B. , Abenhaïm L. , Grimaldi-Bensouda L. 
Published: November 2013

Contexte et objectifLa non-observance des traitements représente un risque d’exacerbation chez les patients schizophrènes [1,2,3]. L’objectif était d’évaluer l’impact d’un programme d’accompagnement des patients recevant la rispéridone à libération prolongée (RLP) sur le taux d’hospitalisation psychiatrique.MéthodesUne cohorte de 506 patients schizophrènes traités par RLP a été recrutée dans 36 centres et suivie 12 mois. Le programme d’accompagnement consistait en un rappel téléphonique 48 heures avant la date prévue de l’injection et dans les trois jours suivants, au besoin. Les centres observants étaient ceux ayant appliqué le programme pour 50 % ou plus des injections prévues. Les patients observants étaient ceux qui s’étaient présentés dans les cinq jours de la date prévue de l’injection pour au moins 80 % des injections. L’effet de l’observance (centre, patient, ou les deux combinés) sur le taux d’hospitalisation a été estimé par un modèle de Poisson avec appariement, ajusté sur un score de propension résumant les facteurs de risque.RésultatsEnviron 75 % des patients ont été observants et leur taux d’hospitalisation était similaire aux non-observants (32,8 et 31,7 par 100 patients-années [PA], respectivement). Les centres observants traitaient des patients moins sévères (hospitalisation dans l’année précédente [64,2 vs. 44,1 %] et meilleurs scores sur les échelles psychiatriques [CGI maximum, BPRS, EGF]). L’observance des centres avait un effet moins important sur le taux d’hospitalisation des patients observants (28,2/100 PA pour les centres observants vs 38,3/100 PA pour les centres non observants) que chez les patients non observants (11,7/100 PA vs 41,0/100 PA, respectivement). L’effet chez les patients non observants était maintenu dans les analyses ajustées.ConclusionLe taux d’hospitalisation chez les patients traités par RLP était comparable entre les patients observants et non observants, mais ce taux était amélioré dans les centres observants au programme d’accompagnement des patients à observance faible.
Can the new cosmology, cosmogenesis, serve as a basis for a shared value system in architecture? On Charles Jencks
Authors: Passinmäki Pekka 
Published: November 2013

According to the architectural theorist Charles Jencks, a major problem in architecture at this moment is the spiritual crisis, and the loss of a shared metaphysics. He believes that it is the task of architects to take responsibility for the public and esoteric meanings of a civic building, although this is an especially difficult task in a global culture where many believe there is no shared value system. Jencks is aware of the problem but at the same time he believes that a new paradigm in architecture is emerging. He describes this new paradigm as follows:We have moved from a mechanistic view of the universe to one that is self-organising at all levels from the atom to the galaxy. Illuminated by the computer, this new worldview is paralleled by changes now occurring in architecture.Jencks concedes that this shift in worldview is only beginning, that there is no widespread cultural movement under way, but one can discern the beginnings of a shift in architecture that relates to a profound transformation in science. Jencks is particularly interested in new sciences of complexity: fractals, nonlinear dynamics, self-organising systems, and the new cosmology. At the core of this new worldview is the new cosmology, ‘cosmogenesis’, which reveals the universe as a single, unfolding, creative event perpetually striving for new levels of self-organisation. Cosmogenesis tells us a new story of the universe and therefore Jencks perceives it as our new Genesis.
Vanity Modern: happy days in the tourist playgrounds of Miami and Havana
Authors: Philippou Styliane 
Published: November 2013

Ian Fleming's recently-opened Floridiana Hotel, in Miami Beach, where James Bond's client, Mr Junius du Pont, ‘promise[s] to make [him] comfortable’, was correctly matched in the film adaptation of Goldfinger with Morris Lapidus's Modernist Fontainebleau Hotel (1952–54) rather than with Miami's Mediterranean-style Hotel Floridian. Fleming was not enthusiastic about the architecture of the most expensive hotel in the world (at the time of its opening), nor about its ‘rich and dull’ gardens. He obviously chose it as a representation of the ‘easy, soft, high’ life of 1959 in Miami, and as the perfect setting for a gathering of American millionaires and secret agents, gamblers, gangsters, hitmen and prostitutes.Directly below Bond['s Aloha Suite], the elegant curve of the Cabana Club swept down to the beach – two storeys of changing-rooms below a flat roof dotted with chairs and tables and an occasional red and white striped umbrella. Within the curve was the brilliant green oblong Olympic-length swimming-pool fringed on all sides by row upon row of mattressed steamer chairs on which the customers would soon be getting their fiftydollar-a-day sunburn.The evening before, Bond had ‘the most delicious meal […] in his life’, at the most expensive restaurant of Miami. But the thought of ‘eating like a pig […] the easy life, the rich life revolted him. He felt momentarily ashamed of his disgust […] It was the puritan in him that couldn't take it'. It was also Fleming's nod to his readers, barely out of the grim austerity of postwar Britain, where food was rationed until 1954, bombsites abounded, housing was severely substandard or temporary, smog was thick and yellow, and wartime shortages lingered to the end of the decade. Despite Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's optimistic 1957 assurance to his fellow Conservatives that most of them had ‘never had it so good’, outside lavatories and no central heating were still common. His calls for ‘restraint and common sense’ were hardly answered by Bond's life of oyster-and-champagne dining and air-conditioned vacationing.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale in Brazil and Portugal
Authors: Leme Vanessa B. R. , Coimbra Susana , Gato Jorge , Fontaine Anne Marie , Del Prette Zilda A. P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the construct validity, internal consistency and cross-cultural invariance of the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale-Portuguese version (GSE) in a Brazilian and Portuguese sample. The GSE is composed of 10 items, designed to parsimoniously and comprehensively assess self-efficacy beliefs to deal with a wide range of stress-inducing situations. The construct validity (factorial, convergent and discriminant) and internal consistency of the instrument were established within a sample of 304 Portuguese adolescents (study 1) and a sample of 477 Brazilian adolescents (study 2). Then, the invariance of the GSE was tested in a sample of Brazilian adolescents (study 3), using Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA). In the first two studies, the construct validity of the GSE was demonstrated in its three components and the reliability of the scales was confirmed based on satisfactory levels of internal consistency. In the third study, the cross-cultural invariance of the instrument was established. This work adds to previous research on generalized self-efficacy instruments, with good psychometric qualities. Moreover, comparisons can now be made with confidence using this instrument among adolescent samples from Portugal and Brazil.
Comparing effective population sizes of dominant marine alphaproteobacteria lineages
Authors: Luo Haiwei , Swan Brandon K. , Stepanauskas Ramunas , Hughes Austin L. , Moran Mary Ann 
Published: November 2013

SummaryA fundamental question in marine microbial ecology is how microbes adapt to ocean environments. Although numerically dominant populations are typically considered more successful, higher census population sizes (Nc) do not equate directly to a greater capability for adaptation. Instead, effective population size (Ne) determines the fate of deleterious and favourable mutations, and thus is a key parameter for determining the adaptive potential of a population. In the case of the SAR11 and Roseobacter lineages, two abundant heterotrophic bacteria in ocean surface waters with contrasting life history strategies, culture‐independent population surveys suggest that SAR11s have greater Nc than Roseobacters. To determine relative Ne, we compared the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates (ω) of recently diverged lineages of these taxa. Values of ω associated with several of the Roseobacter subclades were lower than for SAR11 subclades, suggesting greater Ne in these cases. Most Roseobacter lineages also had smaller ω values compared with an atypical basal Roseobacter lineage with a large Nc. This finding provides insight into variability in Ne across two important marine bacterial lineages, and provides an evolutionary context for considering how heterotrophic marine bacteria may differ in their ability to adapt to changing ocean habitats.
Barriers to Patient‐Centered Care: A Thematic Analysis Study
Authors: Esmaeili Maryam , Ali Cheraghi Mohammad , Salsali Mahvash 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo explore nurses’ attitudes and experience toward the barriers to achieving patient‐centered care in the critical care setting.MethodsA qualitative exploratory design with thematic analysis approach was used to collect and analyze data, and identify barriers to patient‐centered care. Data collection was based on in‐depth semi‐structured interviews.FindingsData analyses resulted in the identification of three themes: (a) lack of common understanding of teamwork, (b) individual barriers, and (c) organizational barriers.ConclusionThis study goes beyond reporting problems with patient‐centered care to try to understand why patients do not always receive high‐quality care.Implication for Nursing PracticeFor achieving patient‐centered care, not only nurses’ individual efforts in following up‐to‐date evidence‐based practice and having a holistic view are necessary, but also team coordination, organizational support, and elimination of nursing job problems.
Review of the impact of presbyopia on quality of life in the developing and developed world
Authors: Goertz Ariana D. , Stewart William C. , Burns William R. , Stewart Jeanette A. , Nelson Lindsay A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurposeTo examine the public health impact of presbyopia regarding its effect on quality of life (QoL) and society in both the developed and developing worlds.MethodsA database was created from articles found on PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Science Direct using the following search terms: presbyopia, QoL, accommodation, impact, cost, prevention, treatment and public health. Articles were accepted into the database if they addressed presbyopia and public health.ResultsThis study showed in the developed world presbyopic subjects treated with reading glasses suffered a reduction in QoL parameters compared with those who were younger and emmetropic. A small minority of subjects were assessed to be a candidate for additional non‐spectacle treatment measures. In undeveloped areas, the manifestations of presbyopia were similar to the developed world in symptoms, age and reduced QoL. However, there was inadequate treatment of this condition, even with reading glasses. The availability of reading glasses ranged from 6 to 45%. Activities of daily living could not be accomplished as easily without near correction of reading. Reasons described for the lack of correction included: lack of access to medical care, poor awareness of decreased near vision, lack of motivation and cost. Overall scant data exist regarding presbyopia and its impact and how treatment affects QoL.ConclusionsThis review suggests that the effect of presbyopia and its treatments on QoL remain poorly described and incompletely treated, especially in developing areas of the world.
Professor John Scott, folate and neural tube defects
Authors: Hoffbrand A. Victor 
Published: November 2013

SummaryJohn Scott (1940–2013) was born in Dublin where he was to spend the rest of his career, both as an undergraduate and subsequently Professor of Biochemistry and Nutrition at Trinity College. His research with the talented group of scientists and clinicians that he led has had a substantial impact on our understanding of folate metabolism, mechanisms of its catabolism and deficiency. His research established the leading theory of folate involvement with vitamin B12 in the pathogenesis of vitamin B12 neuropathy. He helped to establish the normal daily intake of folate and the increased requirements needed either in food or as a supplement before and during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects. He also suggested a dietary supplement of vitamin B12 before and during pregnancy to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. It would be an appropriate epitaph if fortification of food with folic acid became mandatory in the UK and Ireland, as it is in over 70 other countries.
The association between children's contact with people with disabilities and their attitudes towards disability: a systematic review
Authors: MacMillan Megan , Tarrant Mark , Abraham Charles , Morris Christopher 
Published: November 2013

AimThe aim of this review was to systematically review and synthesize observational evidence of associations between children's naturally varying contact with people with disabilities and their attitudes towards disability.MethodA comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases. Studies were included if they measured children's contact with people with disabilities and their attitudes towards disability. Qualitative research and studies that experimentally varied the amount of contact children had were excluded. Data were synthesized in a narrative review.ResultsThere were 35 studies that met the inclusion criteria: 22 of these reported a statistically significant association between contact with people with disabilities and more positive attitudes towards disability; two studies reported a negative association between contact and attitudes; and 11 studies reported no association. Incomplete reporting of the methods and results across studies limited the conclusions that could be drawn.InterpretationStudies identified in this review generally indicate that children's contact with people with disabilities is associated with more positive attitudes towards disability. There is a need for more rigorous research to examine the effect of children's contact with people with disabilities on their attitudes towards disability.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Global Strain Rate Imaging in Patients with Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Simultaneous Speckle Tracking Echocardiography and Cardiac Catheterization Study
Authors: Chen Shi , Yuan Jiansong , Qiao Shubin , Duan Fujian , Zhang Jiafen , Wang Hao 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundImpaired left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is a common pathophysiological feature of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The noninvasive evaluation of diastolic function in these patients remains a challenge. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) provides direct information on intrinsic myocardial function and may improve the diagnostic of diastolic dysfunction in HCM patients.Methods and ResultsWe retrospectively analyzed 51 patients with obstructive HCM (HOCM). Strain rate (SR) curves were obtained for 18 different segments of the LV myocardium. The peak SR during the isovolumic relaxation period (SRIVR) and the peak early diastolic strain rate (SRE) were measured for each segment. Cardiac catheterization was performed within 24 hours after echocardiographic analysis. LV end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was measured and time constant of myocardial relaxation (τ) was calculated. We therefore correlated STE‐derived with invasive indices and compared it with flow and tissue Doppler measurements. SRIVR and SRE were significantly reduced in all 51 HOCM patients (0.16 ± 0.09%/sec and 0.71 ± 0.25%/sec).The ratio of peak early mitral inflow velocities to SRIVR and SRE (E/SRIVR and E/SRE) correlated well with LVEDP (r = 0.760, P < 0.001; r = 0.401, P = 0.004). Receiver operating characteristic analysis shown E/SRE ratio had the largest under curve area in predicting HOCM patients with seriously elevated LVEDP. In addition, SRIVR and SRE significantly related with τ (r = −0.611, P < 0.001; r = −0.369, P = 0.008).ConclusionsDiastolic function was seriously impaired in HOCM patients. The E/SRE ratio can be used to predict LVEDP with acceptable accurate in HOCM patients. In addition, SRIVR is a reliable parameter to assess LV relaxation in patients with HOCM.
Impact of short‐term exposure to low subzero temperatures on egg hatch in the hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria
Authors: Delisle Johanne , Labrecque Alain , Royer Lucie , Bernier‐Cardou Michèle , Bauce Éric , Charest Martin , Larrivée Sandra 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe frequency of extreme events, such as cold spells, is expected to increase under global warming. Therefore, the ability of insects to survive rapid changes in temperature is an important aspect to investigate in current population ecology. The hemlock looper (HL), Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a defoliator of boreal balsam fir forests in eastern Canada, overwinters at the egg stage on tree trunks and branches where eggs can be exposed to very low subzero air temperatures. Using eggs from the island of Newfoundland (NL) and Quebec mainland (QC), we undertook field and laboratory experiments to determine: (1) their supercooling point (SCP) in mid‐January and mid‐February; (2) overwintering mortality; (3) cold tolerance to various combinations of subzero temperatures (−25, −30, −33, −35, or −37 °C) and exposure durations (2, 4, 8, 12, or 16 h); and (4) potential causes of death at subzero temperatures above the SCP. Regardless of population or sampling date, eggs supercooled on average at −40.1 °C. In the field, 59% of eggs from either population that overwintered in Sainte‐Foy (QC) and Corner Brook (NL) hatched successfully, whereas none did in Armagh (QC) or Epaule (QC). In the laboratory, 50% of eggs survived after 4 h at −34.4 °C or after 14 h at −32.9 °C. In contrast, regardless of exposure duration, >50% of eggs hatched at temperatures ≥−33 °C, but <50% did so at ≤−35 °C, suggesting high pre‐freeze mortality. However, when eggs were attached to thermocouples and exposed to temperatures ranging from −25 to −37 °C for 16 h, 69% froze at temperatures of −35 to −37 °C, but only 2% did at −25 or −30 °C. Time to freeze decreased as subzero temperatures declined, and this was more evident in island eggs than in mainland eggs. Overall, eggs can freeze after a brief exposure to subzero temperatures higher than the standard SCP, and are thus highly vulnerable to cold spells.
Interspecific scaling patterns of talar articular surfaces within primates and their closest living relatives
Authors: Yapuncich Gabriel S. , Boyer Doug M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe articular facets of interosseous joints must transmit forces while maintaining relatively low stresses. To prevent overloading, joints that transmit higher forces should therefore have larger facet areas. The relative contributions of body mass and muscle‐induced forces to joint stress are unclear, but generate opposing hypotheses. If mass‐induced forces dominate, facet area should scale with positive allometry to body mass. Alternatively, muscle‐induced forces should cause facets to scale isometrically with body mass. Within primates, both scaling patterns have been reported for articular surfaces of the femoral and humeral heads, but more distal elements are less well studied. Additionally, examination of complex articular surfaces has largely been limited to linear measurements, so that ‘true area’ remains poorly assessed. To re‐assess these scaling relationships, we examine the relationship between body size and articular surface areas of the talus. Area measurements were taken from microCTscan‐generated surfaces of all talar facets from a comprehensive sample of extant euarchontan taxa (primates, treeshrews, and colugos). Log‐transformed data were regressed on literature‐derived log‐body mass using reduced major axis and phylogenetic least squares regressions. We examine the scaling patterns of muscle mass and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) to body mass, as these relationships may complicate each model. Finally, we examine the scaling pattern of hindlimb musclePCSAto talar articular surface area, a direct test of the effect of mass‐induced forces on joint surfaces. Among most groups, there is an overall trend toward positive allometry for articular surfaces. The ectal (= posterior calcaneal) facet scales with positive allometry among all groups except ‘sundatherians’, strepsirrhines, galagids, and lorisids. The medial tibial facet scales isometrically among all groups except lemuroids. Scaling coefficients are not correlated with sample size, clade inclusivity or behavioral diversity of the sample. Muscle mass scales with slight positive allometry to body mass, andPCSAscales at isometry to body mass.PCSAgenerally scales with negative allometry to articular surface area, which indicates joint surfaces increase faster than muscles' ability to generate force. We suggest a synthetic model to explain the complex patterns observed for talar articular surface area scaling: whether ‘muscles or mass’ drive articular facet scaling is probably dependent on the body size range of the sample and the biological role of the facet. The relationship between ‘muscle vs. mass’ dominance is likely bone‐ and facet‐specific, meaning that some facets should respond primarily to stresses induced by larger body mass, whereas others primarily reflect muscle forces.