bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolically unhealthy adipose tissue is characterized by reductions in mitochondrial size and function
Authors: DeStephanis Darla , Long Masha R. , Williams Abigail G. , Santiago McKinley , Tonkin Jack , Stevens Christina M. , Davis Matthew A. , Ruggiero Alistaire D. , Henstridge Darren C. , Premilovac Dino , Kavanagh Kylie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveAdipose function, not mass, underpins metabolic health. Lean and obese nonhuman primates (NHPs) naturally develop metabolic syndrome. Mitochondria‐related measures in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SQ AT) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells may elucidate differences that transcend adiposity measures.MethodsObesity statuses ranged from very lean to severely obese (<9%–>50%, n = 44), which were equivalent in healthy or unhealthy NHPs (metabolic syndrome score difference, p < 0.001). We evaluated SQ AT histology, electron microscopy, tissue proteins, and bioenergetics.ResultsUnhealthy adipocytes had mitochondria one‐half the size of healthy adipocytes (p < 0.01), whereas adipocyte cell sizes were comparable. Consistent with small mitochondria, we saw deficiencies in mitochondrial fusion and quality‐control proteins in SQ AT from unhealthy NHPs (all p < 0.05). Smaller mitochondria in unhealthy adipocytes were consistent with low SQ AT tissue respiration (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial size was specifically reduced with unhealthiness, as mitochondrial abundance, size, and related metrics were unrelated to adiposity. Isolated stromal vascular cells showed comparable respirometry profiles, substantiating specificity of adipocyte‐related mitochondrial defects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell bioenergetic indices were increased in unhealthy NHPs, indicative of immune cell activation, and correlated to SQ AT inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionsWe conclude that targeting mitochondrial fusion processes would be a rational strategy to improve metabolic health, independent of total fat mass.
Safety profile of semaglutide versus placebo in the SELECT study: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kushner Robert F. , Ryan Donna H. , Deanfield John , Kokkinos Alexander , Cercato Cintia , Wilding John , Burguera Bartolome , Wu Chau‐Chung , Craciun Anca‐Elena , Pall Denes , Hramiak Irene , Hjelmesæth Jøran , Harder‐Lauridsen Nina M. , Weimers Petra , Jeppesen Ole Kleist , Kallenbach Klaus , Lincoff A. Michael , Lingvay Ildiko 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess safety of once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo, beyond reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events, in patients with established cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity.MethodsSafety data focused on serious adverse events (SAEs), all adverse events (AEs) leading to permanent treatment discontinuation irrespective of seriousness, and prespecified AEs of special interest irrespective of seriousness. Tests of treatment differences were determined by two‐sided p values.ResultsThe proportion of patients with SAEs was lower with semaglutide versus placebo (33.4% vs. 36.4%; p < 0.001), primarily driven by cardiac disorders (11.5% vs. 13.5%; p < 0.001). The proportion of patients with AEs leading to discontinuation was higher with semaglutide versus placebo (16.6% vs. 8.2%; p < 0.001), a difference driven by gastrointestinal disorders (10.0% vs. 2.0%); however, proportions due to SAEs leading to discontinuation were similar (3.6% vs. 4.1%). Suicide/self‐injury SAEs were low and balanced between groups (0.11% in both groups). Gallbladder‐related disorders were more frequent with semaglutide versus placebo (2.8% vs. 2.3%; p = 0.04), mainly driven by cholelithiasis (1.4% vs. 1.1%), whereas proportions of cholecystitis were similar between groups (0.6% vs. 0.6%).ConclusionsThe long‐term safety profile observed in the Semaglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes in People with Overweight or Obesity (SELECT) study is consistent with previously reported semaglutide studies. No new safety concerns were identified for once‐weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg.
Skeletal muscle growth to combat diabetes and obesity: the potential role of muscle‐secreted factors
Authors: Sammut Mitchell J. , Thorne Benjamin R. , Melling C. W. James 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAs the prevalence of obesity and metabolic disease continues to climb, the need for effective therapeutic interventions remains high. The growth of skeletal muscle (SkM) greatly influences systemic metabolism across the whole body, making this tissue an important therapeutic target to combat the rise of metabolic dysfunction. Transgenic rodent models of targeted SkM growth exhibit profound improvements in various remote tissues, including adipose tissue and the liver. It is currently unclear how selective stimulation of SkM growth alters the metabolism of distant tissues; however, evidence suggests that muscle‐secreted factors may be involved. Here, we aim to provide basic biomedical researchers with a summary of the current knowledge regarding various muscle‐secreted factors regulated by anabolic pathways and proteins in SkM, as well as their systemic metabolic effects, to implicate them in the whole‐body metabolic effects of SkM growth. In this review, we also identify several knowledge gaps in this field, future directions of investigation, and implications for therapeutic interventions such as resistance exercise and pharmacology.image
Pretreatment predictors of weight loss in a 12‐month behavioral obesity treatment: a signal detection analysis of DIETFITS
Authors: Patel Michele L. , Landry Matthew J. , Zamora Astrid N. , Fielding‐Singh Priya , King Abby C. , Gardner Christopher D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify pretreatment predictors of weight loss in a 12‐month behavioral obesity treatment that restricted either fat or carbohydrates.MethodsParticipants were 436 adults with overweight or obesity from the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) trial. Signal detection analysis was used to identify which combinations of 51 pretreatment demographic, clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial variables, along with diet type (healthy low‐fat vs. healthy low‐carbohydrate), formed subgroups that varied in proportion of those achieving at least 5% weight loss at 12 months.ResultsOverall, 51% of participants achieved at least 5% weight loss at 12 months, with eight subgroups identified through signal detection. Diet type was not a key factor. Among racial and ethnic minority participants, the best predictors of weight loss were lower levels of emotional eating, less friend discouragement, and presence of metabolic syndrome. Among non‐Hispanic White participants, the best predictors were high confidence in participating fully in the intervention, more family encouragement, and lower outcome expectations.ConclusionsWe found that psychosocial and clinical factors, along with race and ethnicity, successfully differentiated subgroups that varied in their 12‐month weight loss. Given the heterogeneity in response to behavioral obesity treatment, these results can help generate hypotheses to move intervention science toward a precision medicine approach by matching individuals to their most suitable obesity treatments.
Mitigating muscle loss during weight loss: can nutritional ketosis make a difference? A call for more research
Authors: Athinarayanan Shaminie J. , Volek Jeff S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWeight loss (WL) has an important role in managing obesity and type 2 diabetes, but preserving lean body mass (LBM) during WL is essential for maintaining muscle function and metabolic health. Significant WL with incretin mimetic‐based therapies, similar to bariatric surgery, raises concerns regarding disproportionate LBM loss, which may lead to physical frailty. Recent analyses have suggested that high adherence to a ketogenic diet may mitigate LBM loss while improving physical function, even with substantial WL. However, more research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind LBM preservation in nutritional ketosis and the role of other lifestyle interventions. Future studies of pharmacological, surgical, and lifestyle‐driven WL interventions should also assess LBM, physical function, and frailty. Research in this area is essential for developing strategies that optimize patient outcomes, especially for those who are considering their options for the treatment of obesity.
Microbiota diversity and differences in the respiratory tract of children with pneumonia
Authors: Ge Dandan , Hou Lingyun , Guo Jintao , Lv Xuejing , Yang Yungang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTImportanceAlthough studies have examined the link between microbiota and airways, the understanding of microbial imbalances in the upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) in pediatric pneumonia remains limited.ObjectiveTo elucidate the microbial communities within these areas, shedding light on the microbiota's contribution to pneumonia progression and the underlying metabolic shifts.MethodsPharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were gathered from children with pneumonia and sequenced for 16S rDNA gene. Microbiota composition and differences between URT and LRT were analyzed.ResultsProteobacteria (40.91%), Firmicutes (25.61%), and Actinobacteria (12.77%) were the three most abundant phyla in the airways of the children with pneumonia. Richness (P = 0.003), Chao1 (P = 0.003), and abundance‐based coverage estimator (P = 0.003) indices were significantly higher in the LRT than URT. Streptococus infantis was more abundant in the URT, whereas Cyanobacteria at the phylum level, Alphaproteobacteria and Chloroplast at the class level, Pseudomonadales, Burkholderiales, and Streptophyta at the order level, Moraxellaceae and Corynebacteriaceae at the family level, Moraxella and Corynebacterium at the genus level were more prevalent in the LRT. Multiple pathways such as d‐glutamine and d‐glutamate metabolism (P = 0.0032) were significantly activated in the URT, whereas inorganic ion transport metabolism (P = 0.0239) and tryptophan metabolism (P = 0.0284) were significantly activated in the LRT. Streptococcus genus negatively impacted blood indicators in those children.InterpretationOur study characterizes the LRT and URT microbiota in pediatric pneumonia children and links them to clinical features, enhancing our understanding of the disease's pathogenesis.
Crosslinking effects on high‐oleic soybean oil‐based anionic polyurethane dispersions
Authors: Djonlagić Jasna , Petrović Zoran , Hong Jian , Vuković Milica Lovrić 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWaterborne polyurethane dispersions are known as non‐toxic, non‐flammable, environmentally friendly products widely used in the coatings industry. We prepared a series of anionic dispersions based on the polyol from high‐oleic soybean oil, isophorone diisocyanate and dimethylol propionic acid. Stable anionic dispersions were achieved when the acid content in formulations ranged from 7.7 to 10.8 wt%. All dispersions in this series had average particle sizes of 163–211 nm with unimodal size distribution. Utilization of the high‐oleic oil, with three double bonds on average, and the resulting trifunctional polyol, renders crosslinked products with improved hydrophobicity and excellent chemical and physical properties. Also, it is beneficial in the control of the synthesis process since it reduces the chance of gelation during the dispersion preparation, compared to natural oils with higher unsaturation. The network formation in the systems used was analyzed by applying gelation theory to adjust optimal time for the dispersion in water. It was found that the isocyanate reaction with water always produces imperfect networks but the degree of imperfection can be controlled by the reaction time before dispersion in water. The polyurethane formulations with hard segment content of 39–46 wt% resulted in cured elastomeric films, with single glass transitions around room temperature and low phase separation, but good mechanical properties. The films exhibited enhanced hydrophobicity, low water absorption and water contact angle close to 90°, with promising applications in leather, wood, paper and plastic coatings. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Are Stress and Burnout Specific to French Teachers of Autistic Students? A Comparative Study With Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder
Authors: Cappe Émilie , Despax Johanna , Ridremont Damien , Boujut Emilie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTeachers working with autistic children are at a great risk of stress and burnout, particularly in mainstream classrooms. To identify the general relationship between including a child with a mental disability and teachers' burnout and stress, as well as to discern any autism spectrum disorder (ASD)‐specific associations, this study compared teachers' experiences with children with ASD, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and conduct disorder (CD) and typical children (control group). Two comparisons with a total sample of 907 teachers were conducted: one involving mainstream teachers (three groups: ASD, ADHD, and control) and one with specialized teachers (two groups: ASD and CD). Participants completed scales measuring perceived stress, self‐efficacy, perceived social support, coping, and burnout. The hypothesis that autism is specifically associated with teachers' burnout was chiefly rejected based on the results; instead, the intensity of behavioral problems appeared to be central. Clinical implications and research perspectives are discussed, particularly regarding the importance of training teachers in children's specific needs and inclusive pedagogy.
The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cancer‐Related Worries in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Maas Anne , Westerweel Anne , Maurice‐Stam Heleen , Kremer Leontien C. M. , van der Aa‐van Delden Alied M. , Zwerus Daniël , van Dalen Elvira C. , Grootenhuis Martha A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMany childhood cancer survivors (CCS) experience cancer‐related worries (CRW), for example about late effects and cancer recurrence. CRW are associated with lower quality of life (QoL) and maladaptive health care use. We examined the prevalence, severity, and factors associated with CRW in adult CCS.MethodsWe included quantitative studies of ≥ 100 participants reporting on prevalence, severity, mean scores and/or associated factors of CRW among CCS aged ≥ 18 years, diagnosed at ≤ 21 years, and ≥ 2 years post‐diagnosis. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed and APA PsycINFO, hand‐searched reference lists, and consulted experts. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Childhood Cancer Risk of Bias Criteria. Results were synthesized descriptively.ResultsThe 17 included studies with a total of 26,306 CCS identified three main themes of CRW: health‐related, financial, and interpersonal. Most prevalent were health‐related worries regarding future health (88%–92%), late effects (83%), cancer recurrence (25%–88%), second cancers (50%–91%), and infertility (34%–68%). Factors associated with increased CRW varied depending on the specific CRW. These included female sex, more pain, anxiety, depression, chronic conditions (e.g., neurologic, being overweight), and treatment history (chemotherapy, radiotherapy).Discussion and implicationsAlthough most included studies used single items to assess CRW, this review underscores that health‐related worries are particularly prevalent among CCS. Effectively identifying CCS at high risk, for example through using validated measures, and addressing severe CRW can facilitate adaptive healthcare use and improve QoL among CCS. Potential interventions can be providing information about late effects, psycho‐education, discussions during follow‐up care, and targeted psychosocial support for those with severe CRW.
Negative impacts of insecticide‐treated methods and slot traps for trapping of Ips cembrae on nontarget invertebrates
Authors: Jakub Špoula , Jiří Foit , Karolina Resnerová , Emanuel Kula 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDIps cembrae is serious forest pest of European larch (Larix decidua). The negative impacts on nontarget invertebrates of the use of different I. cembrae trapping methods has not yet been evaluated, although mortality of nontarget invertebrates may occur.RESULTSBetween 2016 and 2022, the impact of different I. cembrae trapping methods on nontarget invertebrates was assessed. Four trapping methods (slot traps, insecticide‐treated tripods, logs and trees) baited with the pheromone lure Cembräwit were tested. Based on larval feeding habits, the captured nontarget invertebrates were grouped into four feeding types: predators, phloexylophagous, saproxylophagous and mycetophagous. The results indicate that predators, especially the clerid beetle Thanasimus formicarius, were the most negatively affected group of nontarget invertebrates. A negative effect on a number of IUCN Red List species also was shown, particularly on Corticeus fraxini (Tenebrionidae). The results show that Cembräwit‐baited slot traps capture not only I. cembrae, but also other serious forest pests such as I. sexdentatus and Pityogenes chalcographus. The overall effect of different trapping methods on I. cembrae population densities has not been studied; however, our results indicate that the use of insecticide‐treated methods has a negative effect on I. cembrae predators.CONCLUSIONThe negative effect on the predators may be sufficiently large to outweigh any benefits gained from a reduction in I. cembrae numbers resulting from trapping. Therefore, in order to reduce the negative impacts on nontarget invertebrates, properly timed and consistent salvage logging should be used rather than insecticide‐treated trapping methods. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Migration Trajectories of Ukrainian Scholars Abroad: Forced Academic Mobility
Authors: Jaroszewicz Marta , Shkoda Tetiana , Ovchynnikova Olena 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe article deals with the topic of the forced migration of Ukrainian academics who left their homeland after the onset of Russia's full‐scale aggression on 24th February 2022. It is based on the results of a qualitative study of scholars who settled in different foreign destinations and examines their migration trajectories from both a spatial and temporal perspective as well as from the point of view of individual decision making. Combining forced migration research with existing scholarship on academic mobility, it tracks scholars’ long journeys to their places of asylum, distinguishing two principal academic trajectories undertaken by Ukrainian academics: continuing to work remotely for Ukrainian institutions and seeking academic positions abroad. The article demonstrates that the most common life strategy of displaced Ukrainian researchers involves the maintenance of dense transnational networks—principally professional links with Ukrainian universities—while simultaneously looking for opportunities abroad. This dual strategy has led to distinct outcomes compared to previously studied cases of forced migration of academics.
Reversing Photodynamic Therapy‐Induced Tumor Metabolic Symbiosis and Immune Evasion Delivers a Two‐Punch Attack on Tumors
Authors: Dou Rui , Wang Linbang , Zhang Jiayu , Cai Xiaomeng , Tang Jiaruo , Liu Xiaoguang , Hu Yi , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an attractive approach for tumor treatment because of its precision, potent cytotoxic effect, and low risk of resistance compared to conventional cancer treatments. However, PDT consumes oxygen. The oxygen depletion effects in PDT‐treated tumor cells can elevate lactic acid production and efflux, promoting the progression of surrounding tumor cells through tumor metabolic symbiosis and promoting macrophages to M2‐type polarization for supporting tumor progression. Herein, a multifunctional nanosystem is developed for the intracellular co‐delivery of the photosensitizer (ICG), the nanozyme (iron oxide nanoparticles, MNPs), and siMCT4 (siRNA for monocarboxylate transporter 4). In tumor cells undergoing PDT, siMCT4 inhibits lactate efflux, thereby limiting extracellular lactate‐associated malignancy and immune evasion. Meanwhile, both the reduction of extracellular lactate levels and the presence of MNPs in the tumor microenvironment promote the M1‐type polarization to enhance the antitumor activity of macrophages. Furthermore, the intracellular lactic acid accumulation and M1‐type macrophage‐secreted H2O2 facilitate the MNPs‐mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Therefore, the intelligent nanosystem, IM@iPPAE@siMCT4, can regulate the intra/extracellular lactate levels and the M1‐type macrophage polarization to deliver a two‐punch attack on tumor cells. This nanosystem circumvents the problems arising from antitumor PDT.
Reimagining Sociality in the Digital Age: Transcending the Interaction/Society Dichotomy
Authors: Neri Hugo , Cordeiro Veridiana 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that digital technologies have not merely transformed social life but have made visible society's fundamental nature as operating through distinct but interconnected systems of communication. The long‐standing interaction/society dichotomy in sociological theory has constrained our understanding of social phenomena, as revealed by digital platforms, algorithmic systems and networked communications. Building on Luhmann's systems theory while engaging with contemporary digital sociology, we develop a theoretical synthesis that reconceptualizes how society operates through autonomous but structurally coupled systems of communication. This framework explains phenomena that resist traditional sociological analysis, from content moderation controversies to algorithmic bias, by showing how different systems process the same events according to distinct operational criteria while remaining interconnected. By moving beyond attempts to bridge micro/macro divisions or reconcile structure/agency dualities, we offer a more fundamental understanding of how society operates in both digital and non‐digital contexts, positioning sociology as part of the scientific system developing productive resonances with other social systems.