bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Regulates Triacylglycerol Accumulation in the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Ge Feng , Huang Weichao , Chen Zhuo , Zhang Chunye , Xiong Qian , Bowler Chris , Yang Juan , Xu Jin , Hu Hanhua 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum can accumulate high levels of triacylglycerols (TAGs) under nitrogen depletion and has attracted increasing attention as a potential system for biofuel production. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in TAG accumulation in diatoms are largely unknown. Here, we employed a label-free quantitative proteomics approach to estimate differences in protein abundance before and after TAG accumulation. We identified a total of 1193 proteins, 258 of which were significantly altered during TAG accumulation. Data analysis revealed major changes in proteins involved in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolic processes, glycolysis, and lipid metabolic processes. Subsequent quantitative RT-PCR and protein gel blot analysis confirmed that four genes associated with BCAA degradation were significantly upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels during TAG accumulation. The most significantly upregulated gene, encoding the β-subunit of methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC2), was selected for further functional studies. Inhibition of MCC2 expression by RNA interference disturbed the flux of carbon (mainly in the form of leucine) toward BCAA degradation, resulting in decreased TAG accumulation. MCC2 inhibition also gave rise to incomplete utilization of nitrogen, thus lowering biomass during the stationary growth phase. These findings help elucidate the molecular and metabolic mechanisms leading to increased lipid production in diatoms.
Multiple vs single lending relationships in the agricultural sector
Authors: E. Brewer Brady , A. Wilson Christine , M. Featherstone Allen , R. Langemeier Michael 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of single vs multiple lenders by Kansas farms. Previous studies suggest that as the risk level of the firm changes, borrowers desire to enhance the probability of obtaining credit at the lowest possible cost may cause them to use multiple lenders.

Design/methodology/approach
– A model is adopted from the banking literature to describe farm behavior in obtaining credit from a single vs multiple lenders. Using farm-level data from the Kansas Farm Management Association, an empirical model analyzes how farm characteristics affect the number of lending relationships. A model is developed to analyze the number of lending relationships effect on the profitability of the farm.

Findings
– It is found that highly leveraged farms seek additional lending relationships supporting the theoretical model and that additional lending relationships correlate to a decrease in profitability. Roughly, 50 percent of Kansas farmers that borrow use a single lender. Roughly 48 percent use from two to four lenders, with the remaining 2 percent using more than four lenders.

Originality/value
– Provides empirical results to support developed theoretical framework on the number of lending institutions. This study helps understand factors correlated to a farmer's decision to use multiple lenders. Analyzing the number of lending relationships helps understand how farmers manage their debt to maintain access to credit when needed at the lowest possible cost.
Estimation of transient boundary flux for a developing flow in a parallel plate channel
Authors: Kumar Parwani Ajit , Talukdar Prabal , Subbarao P.M.V. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop a numerical model for estimating the unknown boundary heat flux in a parallel plate channel for the case of a hydrodynamically and thermally developing laminar flow.

Design/methodology/approach
– The conjugate gradient method (CGM) is used to solve the inverse problem. The momentum equations are solved using an in-house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) source code. The energy equations along with the adjoint and sensitivity equations are solved using the finite volume method.

Findings
– The effects of number of measurements, distribution of measurements and functional form of unknown flux on the accuracy of estimations are investigated in this work. The prediction of boundary flux by the present algorithm is found to be quite reasonable.

Originality/value
– It is noticed from the literature review that study of inverse problem with hydrodynamically developing flow has not received sufficient attention despite its practical importance. In the present work, a hydrodynamically and thermally developing flow between two parallel plates is considered and unknown transient boundary heat flux at the upper plate of a parallel plate channel is estimated using CGM.
Computational fluid dynamics for thermal performance of a water-cooled minichannel heat sink with different chip arrangements
Authors: Xie Gongnan , Li Shian , Sunden Bengt , Zhang Weihong 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– With the development of electronic devices, including the desires of integration, miniaturization, high performance and the output power, cooling requirement of chips have been increased gradually. Water-cooled minichannel is an effective cooling technology for cooling of heat sinks. The minichannel flow geometry offers large surface area for heat transfer and a high convective heat transfer coefficient with only a moderate pressure loss. The purpose of this paper is to analyze a minichannel heat sink having the bottom size of 35 mm×35 mm numerically. Two kinds of chip arrangement are investigated: diagonal arrangement and parallel arrangement.

Design/methodology/approach
– Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique is used to investigate the flow and thermal fields in forced convection in a three-dimensional minichannels heat sink with different chip arrangements. The standard k-e turbulence model is applied for the turbulence simulations on the minichannel heat sink.

Findings
– The results show that the bottom surface of the heat sink with various chip arrangements will have different temperature distribution and thermal resistance. A suitable chip arrangement will achieve a good cooling performance for electronic devices.

Research limitations/implications
– The fluid is incompressible and the thermophysical properties are constant.

Practical implications
– New and additional data will be helpful as guidelines in the design of heat sinks to achieve a good thermal performance and a long lifetime in operation.

Originality/value
– In real engineering situations, chips are always placed in various manners according to design conditions and constraints. In this case the assumption of uniform heat flux is acceptable for the surfaces of the chips rather than for the entire bottom surface of the heat sink.
Unconditionally stable numerical scheme for natural convection problems
Authors: Górecki Bartosz , Szumbarski Jacek 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Both the importance of the natural convection in science and engineering and the shortage of publications in the field of numerical features of time-stepping schemes for the simulation of coupled heat and fluid flow problems motivate the present work. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper presents the unconditionally stable time-stepping scheme for simulation of coupled problems of mass and heat transport. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part concerns the mathematical formulation of the scheme and discusses its implementation. The second part focuses on the numerical simulation and its results. A detailed investigation of the temporal order of the scheme with respect to the L2-norms of the errors of the pressure, velocity, temperature and divergence of velocity fields has also been given.

Findings
– The work shows that it is possible to formulate a numerical scheme which is unconditionally stable with respect to the time step size. Moreover, application of the spectral element method for the spatial discretization results in a high order of approximation in space and very good overall accuracy. Furthermore, the investigation of the numerical features of the scheme showed that the formal temporal order of the scheme (formally second order) has been deferred very slightly and the order of 1.8-1.9 is achieved for all unknown fields.

Originality/value
– The paper presents a new unconditionally stable scheme for simulation of unsteady flows with bidirectional coupling of heat transfer and the fluid flow. It also carefully investigates the numerical behaviour of the method.
Simulations of the PC boiler equipped with complex swirling burners
Authors: P. Adamczyk Wojciech , Kozolub Pawel , Węcel Gabriel , Ryfa Arkadiusz 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to show possible approaches which can be used for modeling complex flow phenomena caused by swirl burners combined with simulating coal combustion process using air- and oxy-combustion technologies. Additionally, the response of exist boiler working parameter on changing the oxidizer composition from air to a mixture of the oxygen and recirculated flue gases is investigated. Moreover, the heat transfer in the superheaters section of the boiler was taken into account by modeling of the heat exchange process between continuum phase and three stages of the steam superheaters.

Design/methodology/approach
– An accurate solution of the flow field is required in order to predict combustion phenomena correctly for numerical simulations of the industrial pulverized coal (PC) boilers. Nevertheless, it is a very demanding task due to the complicated swirl burner construction and complex character of the flow. The presented simulations were performed using the discrete phase model for tracking particles and combustion phenomena in a dispersed phase, whereas the Eulerian approach was applied for the volatile combustion process modeling in a gaseous phase.

Findings
– Applying the air- to oxy-combustion technology the temperature in the combustion chamber, decreased for investigated oxidizer compositions. This was caused by the higher heat capacity of flue gases which also influences on the level of the heat flux at the boiler walls. Simulations shows that increasing the O2 concentration to 30 percent of volume base in the oxidizer mixture provided the similar combustion conditions as those for the conventional air firing. Moreover, the evaluated results give a good overview of differences between approaches used for complex swirl burners simulations.

Practical implications
– Nowadays, the numerical techniques such as computational fluid dynamic (CFD) can be seen as an useful engineering tool for design and processes optimization purposes. The application of the CFD gives a possibility to predict the combustion phenomena in a large industrial PC boiler and investigate the impact of changing the combustion technology from a conventional air firing to oxy-fuel combustion.

Originality/value
– This paper gives good overview on existing technique, approaches used for modeling PC boiler equipped with complex swirl burners. Additionally, the novelty of this work is application of the heat exchanger model for predicting heat loses in convective section of the boiler. This usually is not taken into account during simulations. The reader can also find basic concept of oxy-combustion technology, and their impact on boiler working conditions.
Absorption line black body distribution function evaluated with proper orthogonal decomposition for mixture of CO2 and H2O
Authors: Węcel Gabriel , Ostrowski Ziemowit , Kozołub Pawel 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach of evaluation of the absorption line black body distribution function (ALBDF) for a mixture of gases. Currently published correlations, which are used to reproduce the ALBDF, treat only single gases.

Design/methodology/approach
– A discrete form of the ALBDF is generated using line by line (LBL) calculations. The latest spectroscopic database HITEMP 2010 is used for the generation of the absorption coefficient histogram, which is cumulated later in order to produce a tabulated form of the ALBDF. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) statistical method is employed for the reproduction of the ALBDF. Interpolation property of the POD allows to reproduce the ALBDF for arbitrary gas mixture parameters.

Findings
– POD proved to possess optimal interpolation properties. Results obtained by using POD are in very good agreement with LBL integration.

Research limitations/implications
– One have to be aware that the model generated with the POD method can be used only within the range of parameters used to build the model. The POD does not perform any property extrapolation. The model is limited to a mixture of two gases, namely CO2 and H2O. Expanding the number of gases used in the mixture may lead to a relatively large matrix system, which is difficult to process with the POD approach.

Practical implications
– The presented approach can be used to produce absorption coefficients values and their weights, which can be applied in the gas radiative properties description using the weighted sum of gray gas (WSGG) concept. The proposed model can be used with any radiative transfer equation solver which employs the WSGG approach.

Originality/value
– For the first time, radiative properties of gas mixtures are reproduced using the POD approach.
Heat and mass transfer by natural convection flow about a truncated cone in porous media with Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Rashad A. , Chamkha A. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of chemical reaction, thermal radiation and Soret and Dufour effects of heat and mass transfer by natural convection flow about a truncated cone in porous media.

Design/methodology/approach
– The problem is formulated and solved numerically by an accurate implicit finite-difference method.

Findings
– It is found that the Soret and Dufour effects as well as the thermal radiation and chemical reaction cause significant effects on the heat and mass transfer charateristics.

Originality/value
– The problem is relatively original as it considers Soret and Dufour as well as chemical reaction and porous media effects on this type of problem.
Melting heat transfer in the stagnation-point flow of Maxwell fluid with double-diffusive convection
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Farooq Muhammad , Alsaedi Ahmad 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the melting heat transfer in the stagnation-point flow with double-diffusive convection.

Design/methodology/approach
– Series solutions for velocity, temperature and concentration are constructed via homotopy analysis method.

Findings
– The authors observed that the behaviors of N, ?2 and M on the velocity and boundary layer thickness are qualitatively similar. Further, for A<1 the velocity profile and boundary layer thickness increase with the increase of A. However, when A>1 then the velocity profile increases but the boundary layer thickness decreases when A is increased.

Originality/value
– This analysis has not been discussed in the literature previously.
Effects of green brand on green purchase intention
Authors: Huang Yi-Chun , Yang Minli , Wang Yu-Chun 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to build a comprehensive model and examine the relationship among green brand positioning (GBP), green brand knowledge (GBK), attitude toward green brand (AGB), and green purchase intention (GPI).

Design/methodology/approach
– A questionnaire survey was deployed to collect data from the members of Taiwan's Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability (LOHAS) Club, obtaining 425 valid samples which were analyzed with structural equation modeling.

Findings
– GBP and GBK influence green brand attitudes separately. GBK affects green brand attitudes. Meanwhile, green brand attitudes influence GPIs. Another finding indicates that the mediating effects exist.

Research limitations/implications
– By applying the environmental knowledge-attitude-intention paradigm to green brand research, it was empirically supported the existence of a GBK-attitude-intention hierarchy in the context of GPIs.

Practical implications
– GBP can be used as brand marketing strategy to improve consumers’ GBK and form positive green brand attitudes as well as enhance GPIs.

Originality/value
– Proposing two novel concepts, i.e. GBK and green brand attitude to develop and test the framework of this study.
Saving–investment Association and Regional Capital Mobility in China: A Nonparametric Panel Approach
Authors: Jiang Mingming 
Published: April 2014

AbstractUsing a nonparametric panel data model, this paper estimates the degree of time‐varying and province‐specific capital mobility in China during 1970–2006. We estimate the savings–investment association, that is, the savings retention rate à la Feldstein and Horioka, as a measure of capital mobility. We also split the total savings (investment) into private and government savings (investment) to explore the role of government in improving capital mobility. Over time, we find an improvement in capital mobility after the mid‐1990s. Across provinces, we observe higher capital mobility in eastern/coastal regions. From the 1990s, the government is found to play a less important role in promoting capital mobility. Across provinces, the government is found to be more important in either the municipalities (Shanghai and Beijing) or the less developed inland provinces.
China's Profits and Losses from Currency Intervention, 1994–2011
Authors: Jin Hailong , Choi E. Kwan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractChina's currency policy has been criticized for its apparent pursuit of mercantile advantage by artificially stimulating exports, with potential adverse effects on other economies. While China's currency policy may have positive output effects, there may be additional profits or losses. This paper computes the annual and cumulative accounting profits from currency intervention since 1994 when China began its currency intervention. It is shown that profits initially were positive but since 2007 China has lost a massive amount from the currency market.
Exchange Rate Exposure of Sectoral Returns and Volatilities: Further Evidence From Japanese Industrial Sectors
Authors: Jayasinghe Prabhath , Tsui Albert K. , Zhang Zhaoyong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this paper we argue that the commonly employed exposure coefficient/beta is inadequate for capturing the entire impact of exchange rate changes on firms' future operating cash flows. Instead, we employ the bivariate Glosten–Jagannathan–Runkle generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity mean model to investigate four aspects of exchange rate exposure, including sensitivity of stock returns to exchange rate changes, sensitivity of stock returns to the volatility of exchange rate changes, sensitivity of conditional variance of returns to exchange rate volatility, and the dynamic conditional correlation between returns and exchange rate changes, respectively, using data from 10 industrial sectors in Japan. We find significant evidence of such exchange rate exposure which is not captured by the conventional measure. The diagnostic statistics confirm the adequacy of our model, and, hence, the robustness of the results.
Social theory and current affairs: a framework for intellectual engagement
Authors: Stones Rob 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe paper aims to facilitate more adequate critical engagement with current affairs events by journalists, and with current affairs texts by audiences. It draws on social theory to provide the intellectual resources to enable this. The academic ambition is for the framework to be adopted and developed by social thinkers in producing exemplary critical readings of news and current affairs texts. To this end it is offered as a research paradigm. The paper situates its argument in relation to the wider literature in media and cultural studies, acknowledging the subtle skills required to appreciate the relative autonomy of texts. However, it draws attention to the lack of an adequate perspective with which to assess the frames, representations, and judgments within news and current affairs texts. To address this lacuna it proposes the conception of a social‐theoretical frame, based on a number of meta‐theoretical approaches, designed to provide audiences with a systematic means of addressing the status and adequacy of individual texts. Social theoretical frames can reveal the shortcomings of media framing of the contextual fields within which news and current affairs events take place. Two illustrative case studies are used to indicate the value and potential of the approach: the analysis of a short newspaper report of the return of protesters to Cairo's Tahrir Square in 2011, and a critique of four current affairs reports from various genres on the political turmoil in Thailand leading up to the clashes of May 2010.
Adults face increased asthma risk after infant RSV bronchiolitis and reduced respiratory health‐related quality of life after RSV pneumonia
Authors: Backman Katri , Piippo‐Savolainen Eija , Ollikainen Hertta , Koskela Heikki , Korppi Matti 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association between hospitalisation for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (RSV LRTI) in infancy and asthma, respiratory health‐related quality of life and lung function at 28–31 years of age.MethodsIn 2010, we carried out a 30‐year follow‐up on 43 adults admitted to Kuopio University Hospital, Finland, for RSV LRTI, 27 for bronchiolitis and 16 for pneumonia, between 1981 and 1982. Together with 86 population‐based controls, they completed the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire and underwent prebronchodilator (pre‐BD) and post‐BD spirometry tests to measure percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%), percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1%) and percentage of predicted FEV1/FVC (FEV1/FVC%).ResultsBoth the pre‐BD and post‐BD FEV1% and FEV1/FVC% were significantly lower in former RSV LRTI patients than in the controls. The bronchiolitis patients had more asthma in adulthood than the controls and pneumonia in infancy was associated with lower St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores.ConclusionRespiratory tract infection LRTI hospitalisation in infancy was associated with an increased risk of permanent obstructive lung function reduction in adulthood. The asthma risk was higher after hospitalisation for bronchiolitis, than in the controls, and respiratory health‐related quality of life was lower after hospitalisation for pneumonia.