bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of advanced glaucoma
Authors: BRON A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGlaucoma is still the second cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. One of the main reasons is that since glaucoma is a symptom‐free disease, at least 50% of glaucoma patients are not aware of their disease. Therefore it is not uncommon to see at the consultation advanced glaucoma cases even in the Western world. The management of these advanced cases is very challenging because if at best the treatment can stop the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) while lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), it will not prevent from the natural age‐related loss of RGCs. Therefore many of these patients will go blind even with a “successful” treatment. The modalities of the treatment are controversial because when surgery is indicated, the fear of the so‐called whipe‐out syndrome is well known among glaucoma surgeons. Recent papers have highlighted that this complication may occur but may be at a lower rate that previously thought. Fair information given to the patients by the ophthalmologist is probably at least as important as the treatments
Orbital biopsies ‐ the pathologist's perspective
Authors: COUPLAND S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe orbital biopsies received by pathologists vary in size considerably according to surgical technique, suspected clinical diagnosis and subsequent surgical management. Presented is an overview of recommended "do's" and "don'ts" for ophthalmologists and their trainees when sending orbital samples to the pathology laboratory. This will include even the most simple aspects, such as adequate completion of the request form, communication with pathologist prior to sample sending, discussion about differential diagnoses and which one to prioritise initially during specimen workup, transport media and cassette recommendations, sample processing in the lab, and the variety of morphological, immunohistochemical and genetic testing available. This will be a "simple hands on" approach to orbital biopsies, with an opportunity for interaction by the audience and clarification of any unanswered questions.
OCT for VKH
Authors: NAKAI K 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground; The aim of this work was to investigate the choroidal morphologic changes of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease in vivo using high‐penetration optical coherence tomography (HP‐OCT) with a long‐wavelength light source (1,060 nm). Methods; Six patients with VKH disease were included in this study: 12 eyes of six patients with treatment‐naive acute VKH in the first 6–12 months after diagnosis. HP‐OCT was used to observe the deep choroid and sclera. The choroidal thickness was measured for 6‐12 months in eyes with acute disease. Results; In 12 eyes with acute VKH disease, the baseline choroidal thickness was significantly (p<0.0001) greater than in controls. After treatment, the choroidal thickness decreased over time. However, the choroidal thickness increased markedly again in four eyes with recurrent disease. The mean thickness at 12 months was significantly less than the normal value (p < 0.0001). Conclusions; Significant choroidal thickness changes underlie VKH disease, which progress over time. Objective measurement of the choroidal thickness using HP‐OCT may be useful for longitudinal evaluation of VKH activity.
Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease: Sunset‐glow fundus is not a fatality any more
Authors: HERBORT C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease (VKH) is a primary stromal choroiditis, meaning that the inflammtion is exclusively originating in the uvea and particularly in the choroid. Therefore management of the disease should include indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), the only way to monitor choroidal sublinical disease after the acute disease has regressed and is no more clinically apparent. Because this subclinical disease is progressing in an occult smoldering fashion, it is not astonishing that in close to 100% of studies evolution towards sunset glow fundus (SGF) is the rule. Thanks to ICGA it is now possible to detect occultly evolving choroiditis in VKH and adapt therapy accordingly.When ICGA assisted therapy of VKH is used,evolution towards SGF can be prevented showing that this is not the normal evolution in VKH but the result of insufficiently treated VKH. The purpose of this work was to show that close monitoring of choroiditis in VKH using ICGA can modify the phenotype of VKH by preventing the development of sunset glow fundus.
Oxidative‐induced RGC‐5 cell death culture involves mitochondrial dysfunction and can be attenuated by hydrogen sulphide
Authors: OSBORNE N 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExposure of cells in culture to light (1000lux, 400‐760nm) results in cell death but only if their mitochondria are functional. A comparison between the death mechanisms of RGC‐5 cells in culture caused by light or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) showed them to be almost identical involving the stimulation of ROS and the activation and cleavage of both poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) and apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) but not caspase‐3. Their death processes are inhibited by similar substances that included hydrogen sulphide (H2S). The protective mechanism for H2S appears to involve the preservation of mitochondrial function deduced from the analysis of ATP, the mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c and the analysis of oxidative phosphorylation components in cells exposed to H2O2. This supports the notion that one way for H2S to act as a protective agent is to channel electrons into the electron transport chain of mitochondria.
The unsolved genetics of LHON: Beyond mtDNA primary mutations what else?
Authors: CARELLI V 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLeber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a blinding disorder recognized as the most frequent mitochondrial disease. LHON is associated with mtDNA point mutations in complex I subunit genes, but remains characterized by poorly understood features such as tissue specificity, incomplete penetrance and male prevalence. Environmental factors (tobacco and alcohol) and specific mtDNA backgrounds (haplogroup J) are confirmed to play a role in modulating penetrance. We have also demonstrated that mitochondrial biogenesis and mtDNA copy number are major determinants on penetrance and gender difference in LHON. We are currently pursuing a multilayered "tour de force" to identify genetic modifiers by combining traditional tools, such as linkage analysis, with high‐throughput techniques, such as MitoExome sequencing, functional and tag SNPs genotyping and microarray expression studies. Our results indicate that penetrance in LHON is modulated by polymorphisms in different genes rather than by a single mutation. Co‐variates (age, sex, smoke and mtDNA copy number) have been instrumental to generating a list of candidate genes for which validation is currently ongoing.
Why what you have been taught about the optic disc may not be entirely true
Authors: CHAUHAN B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractClinicians evaluate neuroretinal rim health according to the appearance of the optic disc, the clinically visible surface of the optic nerve head (ONH). Recent anatomic findings with optical coherence tomography challenge the basis and accuracy of current rim evaluation for 3 reasons: (1) The DM is rarely a single anatomical structure or an identifiable junction, such as the inner edge of border tissue. In most eyes it corresponds variably to multiple anatomical structures. (2) In some regions of all ONHs, Bruch’s membrane extends internally beyond the DM (towards the centre of the ONH) and is both clinically and photographically invisible. Since in these areas the outer border of the rim is the termination of Bruch’s membrane and not the more external DM, the rim is narrower than that with clinical or photographic evaluation. (3) Because current rim width measurements are made in a fixed plane without reference to the orientation of the rim tissue, for the same number of axons, the rim width will be greater in cases where the orientation of the rim tissue is more horizontal (for example in the temporal sector of tilted optic discs) compared to when it is more perpendicular. This presentation will review and interpret ONH anatomy detected with optical coherence tomography pertaining to optic disc examination and demonstrate why a paradigm change for clinical assessment of the optic nerve head is now necessary.
Posterior vitreous detachment in highly myopic eyes undergoing vitrectomy
Authors: PHILIPPAKIS E , GUALINO V , GAUCHER D , GAUDRIC A , MASSIN P , TADAYONI R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To review the PVD status in highly myopic eyes requiring vitreoretinal surgery, using intraoperative observationMethods In a retrospective study, patients presenting with high myopia with refractive error<‐6,00D, axial length>26mm or fundus signs of high myopia, who underwent their first intraocular vitreoretinal surgery in our department between 2009 and 2012 were included. Standard 25G‐pars plana vitrectomy was performed for all, with or without staining. The main outcome was the intraoperative identification of a PVD. Age at the time of surgery and preoperative slit‐lamp observation of PVD were also collected.Results Ninety‐six eyes of 95 patients were included. Eyes were categorized by disease: myopic foveoschisis (FVS), epiretinal membrane (ERM), macular hole (MH), macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD) and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD). Mean age was 62.15 years (range 29‐95). RE was available for 67 eyes: mean value ‐13.9D. Mean AL on 38 eyes was 29.2mm. A PVD was found in 52.1 % of the 96 eyes, and a dye was used in 81 eyes. In MH, FVS, MHRD, ERM and RD groups, the PVD rate were respectively 10%, 14.3%, 42.9%, 74.2% and 85%. Reliability of preoperative slit lamp examination in detecting the PVD showed a 70% sensibility, 76% specificity, 75% positive predictive value and 70% negative predictive value.Conclusion In highly myopic eyes when ERM and RD groups the PVD rate was not so far from emmetropic eyes, in case of RDMH, MH and FVS this rate was found very low. Nearly 90% of highly myopic eyes with FVS or MH have their posterior vitreous cortex still attached. As the assessment of PVD in these eyes is very challenging, the use of any dye or visualization agent during theses surgeries seems then advisable.
Epiretinal membrane surgery in highly myopic eyes a case control study
Authors: BERROD JP , FAVEL C , BATTA B , SELTON J , TRECHOT F , CONART JB 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the anatomic and functional outcomes of epiretinal membrane peeling surgery in highly myopic eyes and to compare them with non‐highly myopic controls. Design: case control study in a retrospective cohort of 1776 patients undergoing surgery for epiretinal membrane alone or combined with cataract extraction.Methods Fifty‐seven highly myopic eyes from 57 patients with axial length over 26 mm were included in the study. For each case studied, we selected from the same cohort one control matched for preoperative acuity, central macular thickness, and surgical technique. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), decrease of central macular thickness (CMT), impact of axial length on postoperative visual recovery and postoperative complications were studied.Results The postoperative best‐corrected visual acuities improved by 0,37 LogMar in highly myopic eyes versus 0,39 LogMar in controls (NS). The mean postoperative foveal thickness decrease was 110 μm in highly myopic versus 77 μm in controls (p=0,0585). We did not found any correlation between axial length and improvement of BCVA. We had no difference in the incidence of complication between the two groups.Conclusion ERM peeling gave good anatomical and functional results in highly myopic patients. The axial length has no impact on visual recovery, foveoal thickness decrease and postoperative complications.
Baseline characteristics and vitreoretinal interface features in patients with vitreomacular traction associated with macular hole from the MIVI‐TRUST clinical program
Authors: KOSHY Z , LABOURDETTE A , DUCHATEAU L , LESCRAUWAET B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose There is limited published evidence on demographic and vitreoretinal interface (VRI) characteristics of patients with vitreomacular traction in association with macular hole (VMT+MH). Establishing insights into the characteristics of untreated VMT+MH may contribute to a better understanding of the burden of VMT disease To describe baseline patient characteristics and VRI features in patients with VMT+MH included in the phase 3 ocriplasmin studiesMethods Two randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled trials designed to determine efficacy and safety of ocriplasmin for the treatment of VMT comprising 652 patients. Key baseline characteristics included patient demographics (age, gender); eye‐disorder (time since VMT diagnosis, visual acuity (VA) study eye (SE); non‐study eye (NSE), pseudophakia and/or ERM); VRI features (MH width; vitreous separation), VFQ‐25 composite scoreResults VMT+MH was present in 153 patients (23.5%). Baseline characteristics were: 68.7 years (SD 7.1); 75.8% female. Time since diagnosis: 62 days (SD 131); VA: SE 55.9 (SD 10.5), NSE 77.8 (SD 14.3). Pseudophakes: 20.9%, concomitant ERM: 15.8%. Min‐max hole width: 272.7 (SD 127.7), vitreous adhesions attached at fovea and optic nerve (89.5%); VFQ‐25 composite score: 80.3 (SD 14.6)Conclusion This analysis reports baseline characteristics of patients with VMT+MH, which can be used to demonstrate differences in VMT patients without MH
Generics are the same or similar?
Authors: STEVENS AM 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis presentation will briefly summarize the requirements for bio‐equivalence according to the European legislation (E.M.E.A.) The different requirements for systemic and non‐systemic generics will then be clarified as well as their implications for topical ophtalmic medications. Six different elements that might interfere with therapeutic equivalence of brand and generic ophthalmic formulations are considered: inactive ingredients, bottle design and drop size, stabilizers, Ph stability, temperature stability, and presence of particulate matter. A number of studies comparing brand and generic opthalmic drugs will be presented. Finally, the cost saving aspect of generic ophthalmic drugs is analyzed with particular reference to the Belgian situation.
Suspicious choroidal naevi
Authors: KIVELÄ T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe speaker will summarize characteristics of and guidelines for referral of non‐suspicious and suspicious choroidal naevi, based on review of literature and personal experience. Recognition and characterisation of choroidal naevi is based on fundus examination with the slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope, supplemented with ultrasonography (thickness, acoustic profile), optical coherence tomography (subretinal fluid, thickness) and fundus autofluorescence (subretinal fluid, orange pigment). Large to medium‐sized melanomas are readily differentiated from naevi using these methods. The challenge lies in telling small melanomas from naevi. The mnemonic 'To Find Small Ocular Melanomas' reminds us to look for tumour Thickness of more than 2 mm, subretinal Fluid, visual Symptoms, Orange pigment and location of the tumour Margin at the optic disc. Each of these risk indicators approximately doubles the likelihood of growth and malignancy, but none of them is specific. Surveillance for growth, a biopsy, or both, may thus be needed after the initial evaluation.
Malignant melanoma of the uvea: Diagnosis, characterization and prognosis
Authors: MIDENA E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose: To summarize available data on uveal melanoma biology, diagnosis and clinical characterization. Methods: Herein, we review diagnostic criteria, clinical characterization and therapeutic implications of the emerging molecular biology in posterior uveal melanoma/high risk indeterminate choroidal pigmented lesion. Results: The diagnosis of uveal melanoma is based on clinical examination with indirect ophthalmoscope and ultrasonograpy. The use of mnemonic "to find small ocular melanoma" is useful in risk stratification of small indeterminate melanocytic choroidal lesions. The use of optical choerence tomograpy and autofluorescence also help in identifying sub‐retinal fluid and orange pigment. In the cytogenetic era, tumor‐sampling procedures are becoming the main prognostic tools for uveal melanoma patients. Conclusions: Ophthalmic oncology is moving in the same direction as all other oncologic subspecialties, starting to determine the patient’s risk using sampling‐based laboratory techniques. However, it is essential to start treating patients earlier (in the premalignant tumor stage) and to develop consistent, selective and effective adjuvant therapy
Malignant melanoma of the uvea: Radiotherapy techniques
Authors: DESJARDINS L 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Malignant melanoma of the uvea is a relatively radioresistant tumor For this reason only radiotherapy techniques with precise location of the radiation doses are used Methods Proton beam therapy has been used since 1975 by Gragoudas in Boston and the in Europe since 1983.Because of the Bragg pick, the use of an accelerated proton beam allows delivering homogenous high dose to the tumor while sparing the normal tissue around. Brachytherapy is also widely used. Iodine 125 is a low energy gamma emmeting isotope; the radiation is totally stopped by heavy metals like gold .The seeds need to be changed every two months because of its half life. Ruthenium 106 is a beta emmiting isotope. Its low penetration prevents its use for the bigger tumors. With brachytherapy the dose of 90 grays is usually delivered to the top of the tumor while the base receives more than 300grays. Results Tumor control is excellent with proton beam (less than 5% recurrence at 5 years) and good with brachytherapy (less than 10% recurrence at 5 years) Globe preservation is possible in more than 90% of treated patients
Malignant melanoma of the uvea: Surgical techniques
Authors: DAMATO B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUveal melanoma can be excised by local resection or enucleation. Local resection comprises trans‐scleral 'exoresection' and trans‐retinal 'endoresection'. Variations of exoresection include: iridectomy; irido‐cyclectomy; cyclo‐choroidectomy and choroidectomy. Resection of melanomas involving ciliary body and/or choroid is usually followed by adjunctive brachytherapy, which is administered immediately after the excision procedure or several weeks later, once the eye has healed.Such adjunctive radiotherapy prevents local recurrence while avoiding the need for wide safety margins, thereby reducing ocular morbidity. Endoresection is performed through a retinotomy over the tumour or after raising a retinal flap. Enucleation is undertaken in the conventional manner, using the surgeon's preferred implant. Primary local resection is performed when radiotherapy is likely to cause excessive morbidity, because of large tumour size or proximity to the optic disc. Secondary resection is undertaken as a treatment for local tumour recurrence or the toxic tumour syndrome after radiotherapy. Surgical resection provides ample tumor material for diagnosis and prognostication, which may in future be useful therapeutically.
Role of glial activation in neuroprotection of the retina
Authors: VIDAL‐SANZ M , GALINDO C , GALLEGO B , ROJAS B , DE HOZ R , RAMIREZ AI , SALAZAR JJ , TRIVIñO A , AVILéS M , AGUDO M , VILLEGAS‐PéREZ MP , RAMíREZ JM 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effects of retinal injury on the neuronal and non‐neuronal cell population of the injured and the fellow‐uninjured retina were investigated in adult mice. Unilateral left eye retinal injury was induced by intraorbital optic nerve transection (IONT) or by laser‐induced ocular hypertension (OHT). Both retinas were prepared as wholemounts and immunostained with Brn3a, Iba‐1 and GFAP to identify, count and map the distribution of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), microglia and astrocytes, respectively. OHSt was used to trace RGCs and to identify phagocytic microglia. By 2 wks after IONT or OHT, RGCs in the left retinas represented 20% of the original population. Following IONT, microglial cells in the left retinas increased with time from center to periphery and this response diminished with BDNF treatment, while in the fellow retinas phagocytic migroglial cells appeared at 3 days but their numbers were not modified with vehicle or BDNF. Following OHT there was a marked macro and microglial reactivity in both retinas. Thus, IONT and OHT induce changes in the macroglia and microglia of the injured and contralateral uninjured fellow retinas. The gliotic response in the fellow retinas could be immune related.
How inflammatory reactions affect POAG topical and surgical treatment?
Authors: LABBE A , BAUDOUIN C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThere is a large body of evidence from clinical and experimental studies that the long‐term use of topical drugs may induce inflammatory ocular surface changes. The high prevalence of symptoms and signs of ocular surface disease (OSD) in patients with glaucoma or OHT has been demonstrated in several clinical studies. In parallel, inflammatory changes of the ocular surface directly impact the effectiveness of antiglaucoma medical and surgical treatments. Ocular surface side effects impact the quality of life and are significant barrier to adherence in patients treated for glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Moreover, as conjunctival wound healing is a major determinant for the success of glaucoma filtering surgery, ocular surface inflammation is a well‐known risk factor for surgery failure by subconjunctival fibrosis. Therefore, a better knowledge of ocular surface inflammatory changes with appropriate evaluation and management should thus become a new paradigm in glaucoma care.
Restoration of keratocyte cell phenotype through epithelial‐stromal cell interactions in a 3D hydrogel model
Authors: WILSON SL 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose In vivo, epithelial cells are connected both anatomically and functionally with stromal keratocytes. In vitro co‐culturing aims to recapture this cellular anatomy and functionality by bringing together two or more cell types within the same culture environment. The aim of this study was to investigate epithelial‐stromal cell signalling for the control of corneal stromal cell plasticity in 3D culture models.Methods Corneal stromal cells were activated to their injury phenotype (fibroblasts) before being encapsulated in 3D collagen hydrogels. 3 different epithelial‐stromal co‐culture methods were then examined; epithelial explant; transwell; the use of conditioned media. Using non‐destructive monitoring tools we revealed how epithelial co‐culturing affects stromal cell differentiation in terms of construct contraction and elastic modulus measurements in a 3D collagen hydrogel environment for prolonged culture periods. Cell viability, phenotype, morphology and protein expression was investigated to corroborate our mechanical findings.Results It was shown that activated stromal cells retain their plasticity in vitro. Activated corneal stromal cells that were fibroblastic in phenotype were successfully reverted to a non‐activated keratocyte cell lineage in terms of behaviour and biological properties; and then back again via TGF‐β1 media supplementation. It was then revealed that epithelial‐stromal interactions can be blocked via the use of wortmannin inhibition.Conclusion A greater understanding of stromal‐epithelial interactions and what mediates them offers great pharmacological potential in the regulation of corneal wound healing, with the potential to treat corneal diseases and injury whereby such interactions are vital.