bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy transfer in poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐g‐Polyfluorene graft copolymers
Authors: Steverlynck Joost , De Cattelle Amaury , De Winter Julien , Gerbaux Pascal , Koeckelberghs Guy 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTConjugated graft copolymers consisting of a poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) backbone and poly(9,9'‐dioctylfluorene) side chains (PF) with different grafting degrees were synthesized by the CuAAC reaction. The properties of these materials were studied by UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The former technique provides insight in their self‐assembly, while the latter is used to study the energy funneling from the PF side chains to the P3HT backbone. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1252–1258
Polar and semipolar (112) InAlN layers grown on AlN templates using MOVPE
Authors: Dinh Duc V. , Li Haoning , Parbrook Peter J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe report on metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth of InAlN layers on (0001) and (112) AlN templates at different temperatures (725–800 °C). The indium content (8.0–15.2%) of the (112) InAlN layers was found to be lower compared to that for the (0001) layers (9.0–23.0%). The higher indium content of the (0001) layers was attributed to a high density of small hillocks and a larger degree of relaxation. The small hillocks on the (0001) layer surface acted as quantum‐dot‐like structures that caused a stronger emission at longer wavelength compared to weaker emission at shorter wavelength from a “bulk” layer underneath. A large Stokes‐shift of about 300 and 480 meV was observed for the (0001) and () layers, respectively. The larger shift of the (112) layers was attributed to a higher degree of localization. The larger degree of localization and higher unintentional oxygen incorporation enhanced the luminescence intensity of the (112) layers compared to that for the (0001) layers.
The Barrier Effect of EVOH versus 1,4,7‐Triaxocyclotridecane‐8,13‐Dione, a Non‐intentionally Added Compound from Polyurethane Adhesives in Multilayer Food Packaging
Authors: Carrizo Daniel , Maccagnan Andrea , Félix Juliana S. , Nerín Cristina , Bosetti Osvaldo 
Published: November 2015

The presence and migration of non‐intentionally added substances in food packaging materials are the big concerns nowadays in terms of food safety, and the identification and quantitation are an important analytical challenge. Among non‐intentionally added substances, 1,4,7‐trioxacyclotridecane‐8,13‐dione, a by‐product resulting from the interaction between ingredients in many polyurethane adhesives, has been identified and quantified.Migration tests were carried out with food simulant E (Tenax®) and 3% acetic acid (simulant B) stored at 40°C/10 days using different adhesives and with different film thickness in the presence and absence of EVOH layer. After the exposure, Tenax® was extracted and analysed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. For 3% acetic acid, the analyses were directly performed by the Acquity® ultra‐performance liquid chromatography system coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometer detector.A possible degradation of the lactone after migration tests with 3% acetic acid occurred, and total degradation after 8 days was confirmed. Two compounds were detected and identified, which were also found in the migration extracts.Partition experiments were carried out from laminates composed by polypropylene film, adhesive and non‐treated polyethylene film at 40°C for 10 days. After this, the polypropylene/adhesive and polyethylene layers were independently extracted and analysed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Diffusion studies were carried out following the Moisan procedure. The results and conclusions are shown and discussed.
Finite time distributed distance‐constrained shape stabilization and flocking control for d‐dimensional undirected rigid formations
Authors: Sun Zhiyong , Mou Shaoshuai , Deghat Mohammad , Anderson Brian D. O. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryMost of the existing results on distributed distance‐constrained rigid formation control establish asymptotic or exponential convergence. To further improve the convergence rate, we explain in this paper how to modify existing gradient controllers to obtain finite time stability. For point agents modeled by single integrators, the controllers proposed in this paper drive the whole formation to locally converge to a desired shape with finite settling time. We also show for undirected triangular formation shape control, if all the agents start with non‐collinear positions, then the formation will converge to the desired shape in finite time. For agents modeled by double integrators, the proposed controllers allow all agents to both achieve the same velocity and reach a desired shape in finite time. All controllers are totally distributed. Simulations are also provided to validate the proposed control strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suture Versus Mesh Repair in Primary and Incisional Ventral Hernias: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mathes Tim , Walgenbach Maren , Siegel Robert 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundToday, ventral hernia repair is predominantly performed with meshes. There is no meta‐analysis of high quality evidence that compares the results of suture to mesh repair. The objective of this systematic review with meta‐analysis is to compare patient centred outcomes of suture versus mesh repair.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in EMBASE, MEDLINE and CENTRAL (inception to 06/2014). Furthermore a hand search was performed. RCTs comparing suture versus mesh repair in primary and incisional ventral hernia repair were included. Data on patient characteristics, interventions and results were extracted in standardized tables. Risk of bias was assessed with the cochrane risk of bias tool. Results of studies were pooled with a meta‐analysis. All steps were performed by two reviewers. Discrepancies were discussed until a consensus.ResultsThe search in the databases resulted in 1560 hits. After screening, 10 randomized controlled trials including 1215 patients satisfied all inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was moderate to high. The relative risk for recurrence was 0.36 [95% CI (0.27, 0.49); I2 = 0; heterogeneity p = 0.70]. Other complications did not differ significantly. Results for chronic pain were heterogeneous across studies.ConclusionMesh repair reduces the number of recurrences significantly. In patients without recurrence mesh repairs seem to be associated with a risk of chronic pain especially if the mesh is fixed sublay.
Location Frequency of Missed Parathyroid Glands After Parathyroidectomy in Patients with Persistent or Recurrent Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Okada Manabu , Tominaga Yoshihiro , Yamamoto Takayuki , Hiramitsu Takahisa , Narumi Shunji , Watarai Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundReoperative parathyroidectomy (RPTX) because parathyroid glands have been missed is frequently required in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). The usual locations of these missed glands in patients with SHPT are yet to be fully elucidated.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the locations of missed glands in 165 patients who underwent RPTX for persistent or recurrent SHPT at our institution from August 1982 to July 2014. At our institution, total parathyroidectomy with forearm autograft is the routine operative procedure for SHPT. We also routinely resect the thymic tongue.ResultsOf 165 patients, 82 underwent initial parathyroidectomy at our institution (Group A), and the remaining 83 underwent initial parathyroidectomy at other institutions (Group B). A total of 239 parathyroid glands were resected (Group A, 93; Group B, 146). Missed glands were most commonly located in the mediastinum (Group A, 22/93) and the thymic tongue (Group B, 31/146).ConclusionsIn patients with persistent or recurrent SHPT, ectopic parathyroid glands are frequently located in the mediastinum and thymic tongue. Therefore, resecting the thymic tongue during the initial operation may reduce the need for RPTX.
Brief report: Explaining differences in depressive symptoms between African American and European American adolescents
Authors: Mrug Sylvie , King Vinetra , Windle Michael 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAfrican American adolescents report more depressive symptoms than their European American peers, but the reasons for these differences are poorly understood. This study examines whether risk factors in individual, family, school, and community domains explain these differences. African American and European American adolescents participating in the Birmingham Youth Violence Study (N = 594; mean age 13.2 years) reported on their depressive symptoms, pubertal development, aggressive and delinquent behavior, connectedness to school, witnessing violence, and poor parenting. Primary caregivers provided information on family income and their education level, marital status, and depression, and the adolescents' academic performance. African American adolescents reported more depressive symptoms than European American participants. Family socioeconomic factors reduced this difference by 29%; all risk factors reduced it by 88%. Adolescents' exposure to violence, antisocial behavior, and low school connectedness, as well as lower parental education and parenting quality, emerged as significant mediators of the group differences in depressive symptoms.
Nonpharmacologic Options for Treating Acute and Chronic Pain
Authors: Wu Peter I‐Kung , Meleger Alec , Witkower Alan , Mondale Timothy , Borg‐Stein Joanne 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article provides a broad overview of the clinical nonpharmacologic treatment options for managing acute and chronic pain. Physical therapy and modalities, interventional techniques, emerging regenerative medicine, and cognitive behavioral paradigms of treatment are presented. Recommendations are evidence‐based and are a practical resource for the musculoskeletal pain and sports medicine practitioner.
Truth, Sense and Assertion
Authors: Anscombe G.E.M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractProtagoras and his pupil Euthalos argued against one another in paradoxical fashion regarding the fulfilment of a contract. Protagoras was a Sophist, the first European inventors of logical puzzles who also argued that there cannot be false thinking. A paradox, however, does not say anything, and there is no solution to the question as to who is right in the exchange between Protagoras and Euthalos. On the other hand there is a real question as to how it is that a false proposition makes sense, and the Sophists were right in as much as a false proposition, while it does say something does not, being believed, tell its believer anything. The exclusion of paradoxical propositions is not to be achieved, as Russell supposed, by applying some general principle; rather matters need arguing through in particular cases as they arise.
From Guadagni’s Suitcase: A Primo Uomo’s Signature Aria and its Transformation
Authors: Butler Margaret R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBy 1760, the greatmusicoGaetano Guadagni had made a name for himself singing the role of Arbace in Baldassare Galuppi’s popular setting ofArtaserse. A replacement aria connected with that work emerged as Guadagni’s signature song. Its text appears in all librettos for Galuppi’s setting that Guadagni sang; Johann Christian Bach provided Guadagni with another setting of the text; and a third by an unknown composer suggests links between the poetry and settings by Gaetano Pampani and Leonardo Vinci. This article examines Guadagni’s aria and its transformation, re-examining the role of a solo song in the creation of a singer’s international reputation, its power to evoke memories of other celebrities in the minds of audiences and its function in placing a singer within a broad community of star performers.
The molecular architecture of the Dam1 kinetochore complex is defined by cross-linking based structural modelling
Authors: Zelter Alex , Bonomi Massimiliano , Kim Jae ook , Umbreit Neil T. , Hoopmann Michael R. , Johnson Richard , Riffle Michael , Jaschob Daniel , MacCoss Michael J. , Moritz Robert L. , Davis Trisha N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAccurate segregation of chromosomes during cell division is essential. The Dam1 complex binds kinetochores to microtubules and its oligomerization is required to form strong attachments. It is a key target of Aurora B kinase, which destabilizes erroneous attachments allowing subsequent correction. Understanding the roles and regulation of the Dam1 complex requires structural information. Here we apply cross-linking/mass spectrometry and structural modelling to determine the molecular architecture of the Dam1 complex. We find microtubule attachment is accompanied by substantial conformational changes, with direct binding mediated by the carboxy termini of Dam1p and Duo1p. Aurora B phosphorylation of Dam1p C terminus weakens direct interaction with the microtubule. Furthermore, the Dam1p amino terminus forms an interaction interface between Dam1 complexes, which is also disrupted by phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate that Aurora B inhibits both direct interaction with the microtubule and oligomerization of the Dam1 complex to drive error correction during mitosis.
Global biomass production potentials exceed expected future demand without the need for cropland expansion
Authors: Mauser Wolfram , Klepper Gernot , Zabel Florian , Delzeit Ruth , Hank Tobias , Putzenlechner Birgitta , Calzadilla Alvaro 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGlobal biomass demand is expected to roughly double between 2005 and 2050. Current studies suggest that agricultural intensification through optimally managed crops on today’s cropland alone is insufficient to satisfy future demand. In practice though, improving crop growth management through better technology and knowledge almost inevitably goes along with (1) improving farm management with increased cropping intensity and more annual harvests where feasible and (2) an economically more efficient spatial allocation of crops which maximizes farmers’ profit. By explicitly considering these two factors we show that, without expansion of cropland, today’s global biomass potentials substantially exceed previous estimates and even 2050s’ demands. We attribute 39% increase in estimated global production potentials to increasing cropping intensities and 30% to the spatial reallocation of crops to their profit-maximizing locations. The additional potentials would make cropland expansion redundant. Their geographic distribution points at possible hotspots for future intensification.
Preventing and Lessening Exacerbations of Asthma in School-aged children Associated with a New Term (PLEASANT): Recruiting Primary Care Research Sites–the PLEASANT experience
Authors: Horspool Michelle J , Julious Steven A , Mooney Cara , May Robin , Sully Ben , Smithson W Henry 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Background:
Recruitment of general practices and their patients into research studies is frequently reported as a challenge. The Preventing and Lessening Exacerbations of Asthma in School-aged children Associated with a New Term (PLEASANT) trial recruited 142 general practices, across England and Wales and delivered the study intervention to time and target.

Aims:
To describe the process of recruitment used within the cluster randomised PLEASANT trial and present results on factors that influenced recruitment.

Methods:
Data were collected on the number of and types of contact used to gain expression of interest and subsequent randomisation into the PLEASANT trial. Practice size and previous research experience were also collected.

Results:
The mean number of contacts required to gain expression of interest were m=3.01 (s.d. 1.6) and total number of contacts from initial invitation to randomisation m=6.8 (s.d. 3.5). Previous randomised controlled trial involvement (hazard ratio (HR)=1.81 (confidence interval (CI) 95%, 1.55–2.11) P<0.001) and number of studies a practice had previously engaged in (odds ratio (OR) 1.91 (CI 95%, (1.52–2.42)) P<0.001), significantly influenced whether a practice would participate in PLEASANT. Practice size was not a significant deciding factor (OR=1.04 (95% CI 0.99–1.08) P=0.137).

Conclusions:
Recruitment to time and target can be achieved in general practice. The amount of resource required for site recruitment should not, however, be underestimated and multiple strategies for contacting practices should be considered. General practitioners with more research experience are more likely to participate in studies.
Photodamage to the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II by visible light
Authors: Zavafer Alonso , Cheah Mun Hon , Hillier Warwick , Chow Wah Soon , Takahashi Shunichi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLight damages photosynthetic machinery, primarily photosystem II (PSII) and it results in photoinhibition. A new photodamage model, the two-step photodamage model, suggests that photodamage to PSII initially occurs at the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) by light energy absorbed by manganese and that the PSII reaction center is subsequently damaged by light energy absorbed by photosynthetic pigments due to the limitation of electrons to the PSII reaction center. However, it is still uncertain whether this model is applicable to photodamage to PSII under visible light as manganese absorbs visible light only weakly. In the present study, we identified the initial site of photodamage to PSII upon illumination of visible light using PSII membrane fragments isolated from spinach leaves. When PSII samples were exposed to visible light in the presence of an exogenous electron acceptor, both PSII total activity and the PSII reaction centre activity declined due to photodamage. The supplemental addition of an electron donor to the PSII reaction centre alleviated the decline of the reaction centre activity but not the PSII total activity upon the light exposure. Our results demonstrate that visible light damages OEC prior to photodamage to the PSII reaction center, consistent with two-step photodamage model.
Essentiality drives the orientation bias of bacterial genes in a continuous manner
Authors: Zheng Wen-Xin , Luo Cheng-Si , Deng Yan-Yan , Guo Feng-Biao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStudies had found that bacterial genes are preferentially located on the leading strands. Subsequently, the preferences of essential genes and highly expressed genes were compared by classifying all genes into four groups, which showed that the former has an exclusive influence on orientation. However, only some functional classes of essential genes have this orientation bias. Nevertheless, previous studies only performed comparative analyzes by differentiating the orientation bias extent of two types of genes. Thus, it is unclear whether the influence of essentiality on strand bias works continuously. Herein, we found a significant correlation between essentiality and orientation bias extent in 19 of 21 analyzed bacterial genomes, based on quantitative measurement of gene essentiality (or fitness). The correlation coefficient was much higher than that derived from binary essentiality measures (essential or non-essential). This suggested that genes with relatively lower essentiality, i.e., conditionally essential genes, also have some orientation bias, although it is weaker than that of absolutely essential genes. The results demonstrated the continuous influence of essentiality on orientation bias and provided details on this visible structural feature of bacterial genomes. It also proved that Geptop and IFIM could serve as useful resources of bacterial gene essentiality, particularly for quantitative analysis.
OASIS modulates hypoxia pathway activity to regulate bone angiogenesis
Authors: Cui Min , Kanemoto Soshi , Cui Xiang , Kaneko Masayuki , Asada Rie , Matsuhisa Koji , Tanimoto Keiji , Yoshimoto Yuki , Shukunami Chisa , Imaizumi Kazunori 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOASIS/CREB3L1, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transcription factor, plays important roles in osteoblast differentiation. In this study, we identified new crosstalk between OASIS and the hypoxia signaling pathway, which regulates vascularization during bone development. RT-PCR and real-time PCR analyses revealed significant decreases in the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) target genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in OASIS-deficient (Oasis−/−) mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In coimmunoprecipitation experiments, the N-terminal fragment of OASIS (OASIS-N; activated form of OASIS) bound to HIF-1α through the bZIP domain. Luciferase assays showed that OASIS-N promoted the transcription activities of a reporter gene via a hypoxia-response element (HRE). Furthermore, the expression levels of an angiogenic factor Vegfa was decreased in Oasis−/− osteoblasts. Immunostaining and metatarsal angiogenesis assay showed retarded vascularization in bone tissue of Oasis−/− mice. These results suggest that OASIS affects the expression of HIF-1α target genes through the protein interaction with HIF-1α and that OASIS-HIF-1α complexes may play essential roles in angiogenesis during bone development.
The complete mitogenome of a 500-year-old Inca child mummy
Authors: Gómez-Carballa Alberto , Catelli Laura , Pardo-Seco Jacobo , Martinón-Torres Federico , Roewer Lutz , Vullo Carlos , Salas Antonio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn 1985, a frozen mummy was found in Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina). Archaeological studies identified the mummy as a seven-year-old Inca sacrifice victim who lived >500 years ago, at the time of the expansion of the Inca Empire towards the southern cone. The sequence of its entire mitogenome was obtained. After querying a large worldwide database of mitogenomes (>28,000) we found that the Inca haplotype belonged to a branch of haplogroup C1b (C1bi) that has not yet been identified in modern Native Americans. The expansion of C1b into the Americas, as estimated using 203 C1b mitogenomes, dates to the initial Paleoindian settlements (~18.3 thousand years ago [kya]); however, its internal variation differs between Mesoamerica and South America. By querying large databases of control region haplotypes (>150,000), we found only a few C1bi members in Peru and Bolivia (e.g. Aymaras), including one haplotype retrieved from ancient DNA of an individual belonging to the Wari Empire (Peruvian Andes). Overall, the results suggest that the profile of the mummy represents a very rare sub-clade that arose 14.3 (5–23.6) kya and could have been more frequent in the past. A Peruvian Inca origin for present-day C1bi haplotypes would satisfy both the genetic and paleo-anthropological findings.