bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocompatible Dialysis Solutions Preserve Peritoneal Mesothelial Cell and Vessel Wall Integrity. A Case-Control Study on Human Biopsies
Authors: del Peso Gloria , Jiménez-Heffernan José Antonio , Selgas Rafael , Remón César , Ossorio Marta , Fernández-Perpén Antonio , Sánchez-Tomero José Antonio , Cirugeda Antonio , de Sousa Erika , Sandoval Pilar , Díaz Raquel , López-Cabrera Manuel , Bajo María Auxiliadora 
Published: October 2015

Introduction Chronic exposure to conventional peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions has been related to peritoneal function alterations in PD patients, and associated with mesothelial cell loss, submesothelial fibrosis, vasculopathy, and angiogenesis. In vitro and ex vivo analyses, as well as studies with animal models, have demonstrated that biocompatible PD solutions attenuate these morphological alterations. Our aim was to confirm the morphological benefits of biocompatible solutions in PD patients. Methods We analyzed biopsies from 23 patients treated with biocompatible solutions (study group, SG), and compared them with a control group ( n = 23) treated with conventional solutions (CG), matched for time on PD. Results A total of 56.5% of SG patients showed total or partial preservation of mesothelial cells monolayer, in contrast with 26.1% of patients in CG ( p = 0.036). Peritoneal fibrosis was not significantly less frequent in SG patients (47.8% SG vs 69.6% CG; p = 0.13). In patients without previous peritonitis, a significantly lower prevalence of fibrosis was present in SG patients (41.7% SG vs 77.8% CG; p = 0.04). Hyalinizing vasculopathy (HV) was significantly lower in SG (4.3% SG vs 30.4% CG; p = 0.02). Cytokeratin-positive fibroblast-like cells were detected in 10 patients (22%), but the prevalence was not significantly lower in SG. In the univariate regression analysis, the use of biocompatible solutions was associated with mesothelial monolayer integrity ( p = 0.04) and an absence of vasculopathy ( p = 0.04). Conclusion The present study demonstrates in vivo in human biopsies that biocompatible solutions are better tolerated by the peritoneum in the medium and long term than conventional solutions.
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Increases Leukocyte Recruitment in the Mouse Parietal Peritoneum Microcirculation and Causes Fibrosis
Authors: Kowalewska Paulina M. , Margetts Peter J. , Fox-Robichaud Alison E. 
Published: October 2015

♦Background The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a conventional dialysis solution and peritoneal catheter on leukocyte- endothelial cell interactions in the microcirculation of the parietal peritoneum in a subacute peritoneal dialysis (PD) mouse model. ♦Methods An intraperitoneal (IP) catheter with a subcutaneous injection port was implanted into mice and, after a 2-week healing period, the animals were injected daily for 6 weeks with a 2.5% dextrose solution. Intravital microscopy (IVM) of the parietal peritoneum microcirculation was performed 4 hours after the last injection of the dialysis solution. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were quantified and compared with catheterized controls without dialysis treatment and naïve mice. ♦ Results The number of rolling and extravascular leukocytes along with peritoneal fibrosis and neovascularization were significantly increased in the catheterized animals compared with naïve mice but did not significantly differ between the 2 groups of catheterized animals with sham injections or dialysis solution treatment. ♦Conclusion The peritoneal catheter implant increased leukocyte rolling and extravasation, peritoneal fibrosis and vascularization in the parietal peritoneum independently from the dialysis solution treatment.
Analysis of Hospitalization after Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Implantation
Authors: Li Zi , Abreu Zita , Penner Todd , He Lian , Liu Xihui , Bargman Joanne M. 
Published: October 2015

Background Implantation of the peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC), usually an elective procedure, may necessitate unexpected hospitalization and even transfer to intensive care due to the multiple comorbidities and inherent instability of the end-stage renal disease patient. Information on hospitalization after PDC implantation is limited and details about the reason for hospitalization are lacking. Methods We performed a cohort study in consecutive patients who underwent PDC implantation at a single institution from September 2007 to September 2013. Clinical characteristics of enrolled patients, technique of the implantation procedure, and all-cause unexpected hospitalization and morbidity within 14 days after implantation were analyzed. Results Excluding the patients with pre-arranged admission, a total of 246 patients receiving 252 PDC implantations during the 6 years were studied. After 39 procedures (15.5%), patients had an unexpected hospital stay or re-admission due to operative complications (33.3%), worsening of disease (35.9%), or a single-night hospital stay for observation (30.8%). Compared with discharged patients, the patients with unexpected hospitalization were older ( p = 0.001), experienced higher rates of previous episodes of heart failure ( p = 0.006) and heart disease ( p < 0.001), had more use of general anesthesia (GA) ( p = 0.046), underwent more added procedures during the implantation ( p = 0.02), and had more episodes of flow obstruction and peritonitis after implantation ( p = 0.012 and p < 0.001, respectively). Using a multivariable logistic regression, we showed that age, cardiac morbidity, use of general anesthesia, PDC flow problems and peritonitis after implantation were independent predictors of all-cause unexpected hospitalization. Conclusions For the first time, our study analyzed the predictors of unplanned hospitalization after PDC implantation and identified the salient risk factors. Increased focus to identify patients at greatest risk for hospitalization, evaluation of processes of care, and implementation of preventive strategies may be helpful to reduce unplanned hospitalization after catheter insertion.
Spatial Analysis of Case-Mix and Dialysis Modality Associations
Authors: Phirtskhalaishvili Tamar , Bayer Florian , Edet Stephane , Bongiovanni Isabelle , Hogan Julien , Couchoud Cécile 
Published: October 2015

Background Health-care systems must attempt to provide appropriate, high-quality, and economically sustainable care that meets the needs and choices of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). France offers 9 different modalities of dialysis, each characterized by dialysis technique, the extent of professional assistance, and the treatment site. The aim of this study was 1) to describe the various dialysis modalities in France and the patient characteristics associated with each of them, and 2) to analyze their regional patterns to identify possible unexpected associations between case-mixes and dialysis modalities. Methods The clinical characteristics of the 37,421 adult patients treated by dialysis were described according to their treatment modality. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis was used to aggregate the regions into clusters according to their use of these modalities and the characteristics of their patients. Result The gradient of patient characteristics was similar from home hemodialyis (HD) to in-center HD and from non-assisted automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) to assisted continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Analyzing their spatial distribution, we found differences in the patient case-mix on dialysis across regions but also differences in the health-care provided for them. The classification of the regions into 6 different clusters allowed us to detect some unexpected associations between case-mixes and treatment modalities. Conclusions The 9 modalities of treatment available make it theoretically possible to adapt treatment to patients’ clinical characteristics and abilities. However, although we found an overall appropriate association of dialysis modalities to the case-mix, major inter-region heterogeneity and the low rate of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and home HD suggest that factors besides patients’ clinical conditions impact the choice of dialysis modality. The French organization should now be evaluated in terms of patients’ quality of life, satisfaction, survival, and global efficiency.
Effects of Ginger on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tabibi Hadi , Imani Hossein , Atabak Shahnaz , Najafi Iraj , Hedayati Mehdi , Rahmani Leila 
Published: October 2015

Background In peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease is lipid abnormalities. This study was designed to investigate the effects of ginger supplementation on serum lipids and lipoproteins in PD patients. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 36 PD patients were randomly assigned to either the ginger or the placebo group. The patients in the ginger group received 1,000 mg ginger daily for 10 weeks, while the placebo group received corresponding placebos. At baseline and at the end of week 10, 7 mL of blood were obtained from each patient after a 12- to 14-hour fast, and serum concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] were measured. Results Serum triglyceride concentration decreased significantly up to 15% in the ginger group at the end of week 10 compared with baseline ( p < 0.01), and the reduction was significant in comparison with the placebo group ( p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in mean changes of serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and Lp (a). Conclusion This study indicates that daily administration of 1,000 mg ginger reduces serum triglyceride concentration, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, in PD patients.
The Association of Individual and Regional Socioeconomic Status on Initial Peritonitis and Outcomes in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Qin , Hu Ke-Jie , Ren Ye-Ping , Dong Jie , Han Qing-Feng , Zhu Tong-Ying , Chen Jiang-Hua , Zhao Hui-Ping , Chen Meng-Hua , Xu Rong , Wang Yue , Hao Chuan-Ming , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Wang Mei , Tian Na , Wang Hai-Yan 
Published: October 2015

Background Research indicates that the socioeconomic status (SES) of individuals and the area where they live are related to initial peritonitis and outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD). We conducted a retrospective, multi-center cohort study in China to examine these associations. Methods Data on 2,171 PD patients were collected from 7 centers, including baseline demographic, socioeconomic, and laboratory data. We explored the potential risk factors for initial peritonitis and outcomes using univariate Cox regression and unadjusted binary logistic regression. Then, we used propensity score matching to balance statistically significant risk factors for initial peritonitis and outcomes, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to compare differences in peritonitis-free rates between different groups of participants after matching. Results A total of 563 (25.9%) initial episodes of peritonitis occurred during the study period. The Kaplan-Meier peritonitis-free rate curve showed high-income patients had a significantly lower risk than low-income patients ( p = 0.007) after matching for age, hemoglobin, albumin, and regional SES and PD center. The risk of treatment failure was significantly lower in the high-income than the low-income group after matching for the organism causing peritonitis and PD center: odds ratio (OR) = 0.27 (0.09 – 0.80, p = 0.018). Regional SES and education were not associated with initial peritonitis and outcomes. Conclusions Our study demonstrates low individual income is a risk factor for the initial onset of peritonitis and treatment failure after initial peritonitis.
Responsiveness of Developing T Cells to IL-7 Signals Is Sustained by miR-17∼92
Authors: Regelin Malte , Blume Jonas , Pommerencke Jens , Vakilzadeh Ramin , Witzlau Katrin , Łyszkiewicz Marcin , Ziętara Natalia , Saran Namita , Schambach Axel , Krueger Andreas 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
miRNAs regulate a large variety of developmental processes including development of the immune system. T cell development is tightly controlled through the interplay of transcriptional programs and cytokine-mediated signals. However, the role of individual miRNAs in this process remains largely elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that hematopoietic cell–specific loss of miR-17∼92, a cluster of six miRNAs implicated in B and T lineage leukemogenesis, resulted in profound defects in T cell development both at the level of prethymic T cell progenitors as well as intrathymically. We identified reduced surface expression of IL-7R and concomitant limited responsiveness to IL-7 signals as a common mechanism resulting in reduced cell survival of common lymphoid progenitors and thymocytes at the double-negative to double-positive transition. In conclusion, we identified miR-17∼92 as a critical modulator of multiple stages of T cell development.
Sensor Function for Butyrophilin 3A1 in Prenyl Pyrophosphate Stimulation of Human Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells
Authors: Wang Hong , Morita Craig T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVγ2Vδ2 T cells play important roles in human immunity to pathogens and in cancer immunotherapy by responding to isoprenoid metabolites, such as (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate. The Ig superfamily protein butyrophilin (BTN)3A1 was shown to be required for prenyl pyrophosphate stimulation. We proposed that the intracellular B30.2 domain of BTN3A1 binds prenyl pyrophosphates, resulting in a change in the extracellular BTN3A1 dimer that is detected by Vγ2Vδ2 TCRs. Such B30.2 binding was demonstrated recently. However, other investigators reported that the extracellular BTN3A1 IgV domain binds prenyl pyrophosphates, leading to the proposal that the Vγ2Vδ2 TCR recognizes the complex. To distinguish between these mechanisms, we mutagenized residues in the two binding sites and tested the mutant BTN3A1 proteins for their ability to mediate prenyl pyrophosphate stimulation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells to proliferate and secrete TNF-α. Mutagenesis of residues in the IgV site had no effect on Vγ2Vδ2 T cell proliferation or secretion of TNF-α. In contrast, mutagenesis of residues within the basic pocket and surrounding V regions of the B30.2 domain abrogated prenyl pyrophosphate–induced proliferation. Mutations of residues making hydrogen bonds to the pyrophosphate moiety also abrogated TNF-α secretion, as did mutation of aromatic residues making contact with the alkenyl chain. Some mutations further from the B30.2 binding site also diminished stimulation, suggesting that the B30.2 domain may interact with a second protein. These findings support intracellular sensing of prenyl pyrophosphates by BTN3A1 rather than extracellular presentation.
A Complement-Optimized EGFR Antibody Improves Cytotoxic Functions of Polymorphonuclear Cells against Tumor Cells
Authors: Derer Stefanie , Cossham Michael , Rösner Thies , Kellner Christian , Beurskens Frank J. , Schwanbeck Ralf , Lohse Stefan , Sina Christian , Peipp Matthias , Valerius Thomas 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) has been suggested to be an important mechanism of action of tumor-targeting Abs. However, single unmodified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–targeting IgG1 Abs fail to trigger efficient CDC. For the current study, we generated a CDC-optimized variant of the EGFR Ab matuzumab (H425 wt) by introducing amino acid substitutions K326A/E333A (H425 mt). This Ab was then used to elucidate the impact of complement activation on the capacity of effector cells such as mononuclear cells (MNC) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to exert Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). H425 mt, but not H425 wt, significantly induced complement deposition, release of anaphylatoxins, and CDC against distinct tumor cell lines, whereas no differences in ADCC by MNC or PMN were detected. Notably, stronger cytotoxicity was induced by H425 mt than by H425 wt in whole blood assays and in experiments in which MNC or PMN were combined with serum. Although MNC-ADCC was not affected by C5 cleavage, the cytotoxic activity of PMN in the presence of serum strongly depended on C5 cleavage, pointing to a direct interaction between complement and PMN. Strong cell surface expression of C5a receptors was detected on PMN, whereas NK cells completely lacked expression. Stimulation of PMN with C5a led to upregulation of activated complement receptor 3, resulting in enhanced complement receptor 3–dependent PMN-ADCC against tumor cells. In conclusion, complement-optimized EGFR Abs may constitute a promising strategy to improve tumor cell killing by enhancing the interaction between humoral and cellular effector functions in Ab-based tumor therapy.
TNFR2 Deficiency Acts in Concert with Gut Microbiota To Precipitate Spontaneous Sex-Biased Central Nervous System Demyelinating Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Miller Patrick G. , Bonn Michael B. , Franklin Craig L. , Ericsson Aaron C. , McKarns Susan C. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
TNF-α antagonists provide benefit to patients with inflammatory autoimmune disorders such as Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. However, TNF antagonism unexplainably exacerbates CNS autoimmunity, including multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. The underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. We demonstrate that TNFR2 deficiency results in female-biased spontaneous autoimmune CNS demyelination in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–specific 2D2 TCR transgenic mice. Disease in TNFR2−/− 2D2 mice was associated with CNS infiltration of T and B cells as well as increased production of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–specific IL-17, IFN-γ, and IgG2b. Attenuated disease in TNF−/− 2D2 mice relative to TNFR2−/− 2D2 mice identified distinctive roles for TNFR1 and TNFR2. Oral antibiotic treatment eliminated spontaneous autoimmunity in TNFR2−/− 2D2 mice to suggest role for gut microbiota. Illumina sequencing of fecal 16S rRNA identified a distinct microbiota profile in male TNFR2−/− 2D2 that was associated with disease protection. Akkermansia muciniphila, Sutterella sp., Oscillospira sp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Anaeroplasma sp. were selectively more abundant in male TNFR2−/− 2D2 mice. In contrast, Bacteroides sp., Bacteroides uniformis, and Parabacteroides sp. were more abundant in affected female TNFR2−/− 2D2 mice, suggesting a role in disease causation. Overall, TNFR2 blockade appears to disrupt commensal bacteria–host immune symbiosis to reveal autoimmune demyelination in genetically susceptible mice. Under this paradigm, microbes likely contribute to an individual’s response to anti-TNF therapy. This model provides a foundation for host immune–microbiota-directed measures for the prevention and treatment of CNS-demyelinating autoimmune disorders.
In-Storage-Psychrophilic-Anaerobic-Digestion (ISPAD) process. Part II: Model Validation
Authors: Madani Hosseini Mahsa , Mulligan Catherine N. , Barrington Suzelle 
Published: October 2015

<p class="emsd">In-Storage-Psychrophilic-Anaerobic-Digestion (ISPAD) is a sequentially fed batch treatment system operating at a temperature fluctuating with that of ambient. Because of its specific operation modes and the acclimation of its microbial groups, its microbial kinetics were determined from laboratory data, and a specific mathematical model was developed to simulate its process and to optimize its management. The objective of this study is therefore to validate this ISPAD model using further laboratory data obtained from batch tests conducted in flasks. For this purpose, glucose at 630 mg/L, was fed to 8-year-old ISPAD inoculum and digested at 18 °C. Changes in glucose, VFAs and pH were monitored along with biogas production. The cross-validated coefficient of determination () was used to determine the fit between the model prediction and the experimental values. The ISPAD model was able to strongly predict glucose degradation, VFAs, pH, and methane. However, the model weakly predicted the early CO<sub>2</sub> changes over time, likely because of its water solubility. </p>
Action Memory and Encoding Time: Evidence for a Strategic View of Action Memory Processing
Authors: Peterson Daniel J. , Mulligan Neil W. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The enactment effect is the phenomenon whereby carrying out a simple action phrase results in superior memory compared with listening to the phrase or observing someone else carry out the action. Several early studies suggested that action memory processing is less effortful and strategic compared with traditional verbal processing, a perspective that is still argued today. In the current study, we reexamine a particularly compelling finding in support of this view (Cohen, 1985). Contrary to Cohen’s original findings, we demonstrate that additional time to encode an action phrase leads to comparable gains in recall as seen with controls. These data fit well with a different perspective of action memory, namely that the processing of actions is guided by the same strategic, effortful processing as verbal memory.
Reconsidering Food Reward, Brain Stimulation, and Dopamine: Incentives Act Forward
Authors: Newquist Gunnar , Gardner R. Allen 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In operant conditioning, rats pressing levers and pigeons pecking keys depend on contingent food reinforcement. Food reward agrees with Skinner’s behaviorism, undergraduate textbooks, and folk psychology. However, nearly a century of experimental evidence shows, instead, that food in an operant conditioning chamber acts forward to evoke species-specific feeding behavior rather than backward to reinforce experimenter-defined responses. Furthermore, recent findings in neuroscience show consistently that intracranial stimulation to reward centers and dopamine release, the proposed reward molecule, also act forward to evoke inborn speciesspecific behavior. These results challenge longstanding views of hedonic learning and must be incorporated into contemporary learning theory.
Effects of Memory Load and Test Position on Short-Duration Sustained Attention Tasks
Authors: Laurie-Rose Cynthia , Frey Meredith C. , Sibata Erick , Zamary Amanda 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The current study applies a dual-task working memory and vigilance task to examine sustained attention performance and perceived workload in a multi-instrument battery. In Experiment 1 we modified a task developed by Helton and Russell (2011) to examine declines in performance and to assess the effects of its position within a larger battery. Experiment 1 failed to reveal a sensitivity decrement, and test position revealed only spurious influence. Workload scores derived from the NASA-TLX fell at the high end of the scale, with mental and temporal demand receiving the highest ratings. In Experiment 2, we modified the dual task to place more emphasis on attention rather than working memory. Results revealed a significant decline in performance across the vigil for the perceptual sensitivity index A′. Test position (early vs. late) effects appeared with the reaction time variability measure, with performance becoming more variable when the task appeared in the latter half of the battery. Workload scores varied according to position in the battery: Workload scores were higher when the vigilance task appeared in the latter half of the battery. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.