bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in the hemostatic profiles of dogs with naturally occurring septic peritonitis
Authors: Bentley Adrienne M. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Culp William T. N. , Otto Cynthia M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize derangements in the hemostatic profiles of dogs with naturally occurring septic peritonitis and determine if such derangements were predictive of survival.DesignProspective, observational single cohort study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsA total of 27 client‐owned dogs with naturally occurring septic peritonitis.InterventionsStandard treatment included fluid resuscitation, antimicrobial therapy, supportive care, and surgery provided at the discretion of the primary clinician. Blood was collected preoperatively and on days 1 and 3 postoperatively for platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time,D‐dimer and fibrinogen concentrations, total proteinC(PC) and antithrombin (AT) activities, and thromboelastography.Measurements and Main ResultsSixteen of 27 (59%) dogs survived. PreoperativePCdeficiency was identified in 10 of 11 (91%) nonsurvivors and 2 of 15 (13%) survivors. PreoperativeATdeficiency was identified in 10 of 11 (91%) nonsurvivors and 14 of 15 (93%) survivors. Compared to survivors, nonsurvivors had lower mean preoperativePC(98 ± 24% versus 49 ± 26%;P< 0.001) andAT(53 ± 9% versus 32 ± 16%;P< 0.001) activities. Anticoagulant activities decreased on day 1 postoperatively. As a predictor of survival, preoperativePCactivity of more than 60% achieved a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 82%. PreoperativeATactivity of more than 41.5% achieved a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 82%. The maximum amplitude, α angle, and coagulation index from preoperative thromboelastograms of survivors were significantly greater (more hypercoagulable) than nonsurvivors (P< 0.01), with the maximum amplitude being the most specific predictor of survival (100%).ConclusionsDeficiencies ofPCandATand hypercoagulability appear to be consistent features of naturally occurring canine sepsis and may be useful prognostic indicators in canine septic peritonitis.
Iatrogenic water intoxication in two cats
Authors: Lee Joyce Y. , Rozanski Elizabeth , Anastasio Maryanne , Parker Valerie J. , deLaforcade Armelle , Anastasio John 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe 2 cats that developed acute iatrogenic water intoxication, one associated with a continuous infusion of water provided via an esophagostomy tube and one following SC administration of 5% dextrose in water (D5W).Case or Series SummaryA 10‐year‐old cat with squamous cell carcinoma was hospitalized for treatment of dehydration. Rehydration was provided with water via an esophagostomy tube at 5.7 mL/kg/h. After 30 hours of therapy, the cat was found dull and weak. Serum sodium was markedly decreased at 116 mmol/L (116 mEq/L). Supplemental water was stopped, and IV furosemide and mannitol were provided to eliminate free water. Hypertonic saline (1.5%) was admininstered IV to rapidly restore the sodium concentration. The serum sodium concentration corrected over 17 hours, and the cat was discharged without neurological complications. The second cat had previously received 300 mL D5W subcutaneously and represented 8 hours later with lethargy and paresis with a serum sodium level of 126 mmol/L (126 mEq/L). Intravenous fluid therapy was provided using 0.9% NaCl. Over the following day, the cat's mentation and paresis resolved and sodium concentrations normalized.New or Unique Information ProvidedThese 2 cases describe a presumed uncommon iatrogenic complication of severe hyponatremia due to water provided either via an esophagostomy tube or subcutaneously. While oral rehydration is often considered ideal, it may result in signs of water intoxication if not carefully monitored; additionally, D5W is never considered an acceptable fluid choice as a SC bolus. If promptly recognized, acute hyponatremia may be corrected rapidly with no lasting consequences.
A comparative study on stable isotopic composition in waters of the glacial and nonglacial rivers in Mount Gongga, China
Authors: Meng Yuchuan , Liu Guodong , Zhang Lantian 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHailuogou (HLG) River and Huangbengliu (HBL) Gulley are typical alpine glacial and nonglacial rivers in Mount Gongga China, respectively. To differentiate distinct hydrologic regimes of the two rivers, δ18O and δ2H were measured on 196 water samples collected almost monthly from May 2008 to December 2009. The results indicate that: (i) the measured isotopic data show that stream water is overall isotopically more enriched in 2H and 18O than ice‐snow meltwater but more depleted than precipitation and ground water; (ii) these data also suggest that stream flow is generally more dominated by ice‐snow meltwater in HLG River than in HBL Gulley; (iii) δ2H/δ18O relationship suggests that isotopic composition of precipitation is well preserved in stream flow, and evaporation is only minor in both HBL Gulley and HLG River; (iv) this study highlights that ice‐snow meltwater is a substantially important water source in alpine regions on south‐eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau.
High Anthocyanin Intake Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Young and Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Cassidy Aedín , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Liu Lydia , Franz Mary , Eliassen A. Heather , Rimm Eric B. 
Published: January 2013

Background—
Our current knowledge of modifiable risk factors to prevent myocardial infarction (MI) in young and middle-aged women is limited, and the impact of diet is largely unknown. Dietary flavonoids exert potential beneficial effects on endothelial function in short-term trials; however, the relationship between habitual intake and risk of MI in women is unknown.

Methods and Results—

We followed up 93 600 women 25 to 42 years of age from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) II who were healthy at baseline (1989) to examine the relationship between anthocyanins and other flavonoids and the risk of MI. Intake of flavonoid subclasses was calculated from validated food-frequency questionnaires collected every 4 years using an updated and extended US Department of Agriculture database. During 18 years of follow-up, 405 cases of MI were reported. An inverse association between higher intake of anthocyanins and risk of MI was observed (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–0.96;
P
=0.03, highest versus lowest quintiles) after multivariate adjustment. The addition of intermediate conditions, including history of hypertension, did not significantly attenuate the relationship (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.97;
P
=0.03). Combined intake of 2 anthocyanin-rich foods, blueberries and strawberries, tended to be associated with a decreased risk of MI (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.40–1.08) in a comparison of those consuming >3 servings a week and those with lower intake. Intakes of other flavonoid subclasses were not significantly associated with MI risk.

Conclusions—
A high intake of anthocyanins may reduce MI risk in predominantly young women. Intervention trials are needed to further examine the health impact of increasing intakes of commonly consumed anthocyanin-rich foods.
Precessional Cycles and Their Influence on the North Pacific and North Atlantic Summer Anticyclones
Authors: Mantsis Damianos F. , Clement Amy C. , Kirtman Ben , Broccoli Anthony J. , Erb Michael P. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The response of the Northern Hemisphere summer anticyclones to a change in the timing of perihelion is investigated using the GFDL Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1). The orbital forcing consists of changes in the seasonal cycle of the top-of-atmosphere insolation as the perihelion shifts from the Northern Hemisphere winter to the Northern Hemisphere summer solstice. The North Pacific summer anticyclone experiences a large strengthening as well as a northward and westward expansion. The North Atlantic subtropical high experiences a smaller change that consists of a slight westward expansion but little change in strength. Experiments with a primitive equation atmospheric model show that these changes represent the circulation response to changes in the diabatic heating, both local and remotely. The remote diabatic forcing is associated with changes in the Southeast Asian and African summer monsoons, and the local forcing is dominated by a combined effect of a change in low clouds and local precipitation.
Projections of a Wetter Sahel in the Twenty-First Century from Global and Regional Models
Authors: Vizy Edward K. , Cook Kerry H. , Crétat Julien , Neupane Naresh 
Published: January 2013

AbstractConfident regional-scale climate change predictions for the Sahel are needed to support adaptation planning. State-of-the-art regional climate model (RCM) simulations at 90- and 30-km resolutions are run and analyzed along with output from five coupled atmosphere–ocean GCMs (AOGCMs) from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to predict how the Sahel summer surface temperature, precipitation, and surface moisture are likely to change at the mid- and late-twenty-first century due to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) emission scenario and evaluate confidence in such projections. Future lateral boundary conditions are derived from CMIP5 AOGCMs.It is shown that the regional climate model can realistically simulate the current summer evolution of the West African monsoon climate including the onset and demise of the Sahel wet season, a necessary but not sufficient condition for confident prediction.RCM and AOGCM projections indicate the likelihood for increased surface air temperatures over this century, with Sahara and Sahel temperature increases of 2–3.5 K by midcentury, and 3–6 K by late century. Summer rainfall and surface moisture are also projected to increase over most of the Sahel. This is primarily associated with an increase in rainfall intensity and not a lengthening of the wet season. Pinpointing exactly when the rainfall and surface moisture increase will first commence and by exactly what magnitude is less certain as these predictions appear to be model dependent. Models that simulate stronger warming over the Sahara are associated with larger and earlier rainfall increases over the Sahel due to an intensification of the low-level West African westerly jet, and vice versa.
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Variability in the Community Earth System Model: Evaluation and Transient Dynamics during the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
Authors: Keppel-Aleks Gretchen , Randerson James T. , Lindsay Keith , Stephens Britton B. , Keith Moore J. , Doney Scott C. , Thornton Peter E. , Mahowald Natalie M. , Hoffman Forrest M. , Sweeney Colm , Tans Pieter P. , Wennberg Paul O. , Wofsy Steven C. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Changes in atmospheric CO2 variability during the twenty-first century may provide insight about ecosystem responses to climate change and have implications for the design of carbon monitoring programs. This paper describes changes in the three-dimensional structure of atmospheric CO2 for several representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5) using the Community Earth System Model–Biogeochemistry (CESM1-BGC). CO2 simulated for the historical period was first compared to surface, aircraft, and column observations. In a second step, the evolution of spatial and temporal gradients during the twenty-first century was examined. The mean annual cycle in atmospheric CO2 was underestimated for the historical period throughout the Northern Hemisphere, suggesting that the growing season net flux in the Community Land Model (the land component of CESM) was too weak. Consistent with weak summer drawdown in Northern Hemisphere high latitudes, simulated CO2 showed correspondingly weak north–south and vertical gradients during the summer. In the simulations of the twenty-first century, CESM predicted increases in the mean annual cycle of atmospheric CO2 and larger horizontal gradients. Not only did the mean north–south gradient increase due to fossil fuel emissions, but east–west contrasts in CO2 also strengthened because of changing patterns in fossil fuel emissions and terrestrial carbon exchange. In the RCP8.5 simulation, where CO2 increased to 1150 ppm by 2100, the CESM predicted increases in interannual variability in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes of up to 60% relative to present variability for time series filtered with a 2–10-yr bandpass. Such an increase in variability may impact detection of changing surface fluxes from atmospheric observations.
Comparison between Dual-Doppler and EnKF Storm-Scale Wind Analyses: The 29–30 May 2004 Geary, Oklahoma, Supercell Thunderstorm
Authors: Potvin Corey K. , Wicker Louis J. , Biggerstaff Michael I. , Betten Daniel , Shapiro Alan 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Kinematical analyses of storm-scale mobile radar observations are critical to advancing our understanding of supercell thunderstorms. Maximizing the accuracy of these analyses, and characterizing the uncertainty in ensuing conclusions about storm structure and processes, requires knowledge of the error characteristics of different retrieval techniques under different observational scenarios. Using storm-scale mobile radar observations of a tornadic supercell, this study examines the impacts on ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) wind analyses of the number of available radars (one versus two), uncertainty in the model-initialization sounding, the sophistication of the microphysical parameterization scheme (double versus single moment), and assimilating reflectivity observations. The relative accuracy of three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) dual-Doppler wind retrievals and single- and dual-radar EnKF wind analyses of the supercell is also explored. The results generally reinforce the findings of a previous study that used observing system simulation experiments to explore the same issues. Both studies suggest that single-radar EnKF wind analyses can be very useful once enough data have been assimilated, but that subsequent analyses that operate on the retrieved wind field gradients should be interpreted with caution. In the present study, severe errors appear to occur in computed Lagrangian circulation time series, imperiling interpretation of the underlying dynamics. This result strongly suggests that dual- and multiple-Doppler radar deployment strategies continue to be used in mobile field campaigns.
Impact of Targeted Winter Storm Reconnaissance Dropwindsonde Data on Midlatitude Numerical Weather Predictions
Authors: Hamill Thomas M. , Yang Fanglin , Cardinali Carla , Majumdar Sharanya J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe impact of assimilating data from the 2011 Winter Storm Reconnaissance (WSR) program on numerical weather forecasts was assessed. Parallel sets of analyses and deterministic 120-h numerical forecasts were generated using the ECMWF four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) and Integrated Forecast System. One set of analyses was generated with all of the normally assimilated data plus WSR targeted dropwindsonde data, the other with only the normally assimilated data. Forecasts were then generated from the two analyses. The comparison covered the period from 10 January to 28 March 2011, during which 98 flights and 776 total dropwindsondes were deployed from four different air bases in the Pacific basin and the United States. The dropwindsondes were deployed in situations where guidance indicated the potential for high-impact weather and/or the potential for large subsequent forecast errors. Downstream target verification regions where the high-impact weather was expected were identified for each case. Forecast errors around the target verification regions were evaluated using an approximation to the total-energy norm. Precipitation forecasts were also evaluated over the contiguous United States using the equitable threat score and bias.Forecast impacts were generally neutral and thus smaller than reported in previous studies, most from over a decade ago, perhaps because of the improved forecast and assimilation system and the somewhat denser observation network. Target areas may also have been undersampled in this study. The neutral results from 2011 suggest that it may be more beneficial to explore other targeted observation concepts for the midlatitudes, such as assimilation of a denser set of cloud-drift winds and radiance data in dynamically sensitive regions.
Objective Limits on Forecasting Skill of Rare Events
Authors: Hitchens Nathan M. , Brooks Harold E. , Kay Michael P. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
A method for determining baselines of skill for the purpose of the verification of rare-event forecasts is described and examples are presented to illustrate the sensitivity to parameter choices. These “practically perfect” forecasts are designed to resemble a forecast that is consistent with that which a forecaster would make given perfect knowledge of the events beforehand. The Storm Prediction Center’s convective outlook slight risk areas are evaluated over the period from 1973 to 2011 using practically perfect forecasts to define the maximum values of the critical success index that a forecaster could reasonably achieve given the constraints of the forecast, as well as the minimum values of the critical success index that are considered the baseline for skillful forecasts. Based on these upper and lower bounds, the relative skill of convective outlook areas shows little to no skill until the mid-1990s, after which this value increases steadily. The annual frequency of skillful daily forecasts continues to increase from the beginning of the period of study, and the annual cycle shows maxima of the frequency of skillful daily forecasts occurring in May and June.
Reexamining El Niño and Cholera in Peru: A Climate Affairs Approach
Authors: Ramírez Iván J. , Grady Sue C. , Glantz Michael H. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In the 1990s Peru experienced the first cholera epidemic after almost a century. The source of emergence was initially attributed to a cargo ship, but later there was evidence of an El Niño association. It was hypothesized that marine ecosystem changes associated with El Niño led to the propagation of V. cholerae along the coast of Peru, which in turn initiated the onset of the epidemic in 1991. Earlier studies supported this explanation by demonstrating a relationship between elevated temperatures and increased cholera incidence in Peru; however, other aspects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and their potential impacts on cholera were not investigated. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between El Niño and cholera in Peru from a holistic view of the ENSO cycle. A “climate affairs” approach is employed as a conceptual framework to incorporate ENSO’s multidimensional nature and to generate new hypotheses about the ENSO and cholera association in Peru. The findings reveal that ENSO may have been linked to the cholera epidemic through multiple pathways, including rainfall extremes, La Niña, and social vulnerability, with impacts depending on the geography of teleconnections within Peru. When the definition of an ENSO event is examined, cholera appears to have emerged either during ENSO neutral or La Niña conditions. Furthermore, the analysis herein suggests that the impact of El Niño arrived much later, possibly resulting in heightened transmission in the austral summer of 1992. In conclusion, a modified hypothesis with these new insights on cholera emergence and transmission in Peru is presented.
Improving acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) outcome in developing countries through networking, results of the International Consortium on APL
Authors: Rego Eduardo M. , Kim Haesook T. , Ruiz-Argüelles Guillermo J. , Undurraga Maria Soledad , Uriarte Maria del Rosario , Jacomo Rafael H. , Gutiérrez-Aguirre Homero , Melo Raul A. M. , Bittencourt Rosane , Pasquini Ricardo , Pagnano Katia , Fagundes Evandro M. , Chauffaille Maria de Lourdes , Chiattone Carlos S. , Martinez Lem , Meillón Luis A. , Gómez-Almaguer David , Kwaan Hau C. , Garcés-Eisele Javier , Gallagher Robert , Niemeyer Charlotte M. , Schrier Stanley L. , Tallman Martin , Grimwade David , Ganser Arnold , Berliner Nancy , Ribeiro Raul C. , Lo-Coco Francesco , Löwenberg Bob , Sanz Miguel A. 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
For patients in developing countries with APL, a clinical network of institutions made it possible to reduce significantly the early mortality and improve the OS.
Accurate prediction of protein enzymatic class by N-to-1 Neural Networks
Authors: Volpato Viola , Adelfio Alessandro , Pollastri Gianluca 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
We present a novel ab initio predictor of protein enzymatic class. The predictor can classify proteins, solely based on their sequences, into one of six classes extracted from the enzyme commission (EC) classification scheme and is trained on a large, curated database of over 6,000 non-redundant proteins which we have assembled in this work. The predictor is powered by an ensemble of N-to-1 Neural Network, a novel architecture which we have recently developed. N-to-1 Neural Networks operate on the full sequence and not on predefined features. All motifs of a predefined length (31 residues in this work) are considered and are compressed by an N-to-1 Neural Network into a feature vector which is automatically determined during training. We test our predictor in 10-fold cross-validation and obtain state of the art results, with a 96% correct classification and 86% generalized correlation. All six classes are predicted with a specificity of at least 80% and false positive rates never exceeding 7%. We are currently investigating enhanced input encoding schemes which include structural information, and are analyzing trained networks to mine motifs that are most informative for the prediction, hence, likely, functionally relevant.