bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which organisational context factors help women to obtain and retain leadership positions in the 21st century? A systematic review and research agenda for human resource management
Authors: Gierke Lioba A. , Schlamp Sofia , Gerpott Fabiola H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObtaining and retaining women in leadership positions is an ongoing challenge for scholars and practitioners in Human Resource Management (HRM). Research on the role of organisational context factors in supporting women who either are already in leadership roles or aspire to obtain them is fragmented and spread across multiple disciplines. In this systematic literature review, we identified 87 articles related to organisational context factors and female leadership. We mapped these articles onto the stages of the employee lifecycle: (1) Recruitment and Selection, (2) Learning and Development, (3) Performance Appraisal, and (4) Reward and Retention. Additionally, we introduced the category (5) Organisational Setting to encompass overarching context factors such as industry. For each article, we assessed the underlying assumptions concerning the gender‐neutrality or gender‐sensitivity in the practical implications. Our analysis revealed that some stages of the employee lifecycle received more attention than others and that the derived practical implications often go far beyond what can be concluded based on the study findings. We discuss theoretical implications and outline future research opportunities, such as the potential for HRM scholars to integrate an intersectionality lens into research along the employee lifecycle. We end with practical implications for HRM practitioners who wish to implement evidence‐based insights from our review.
Will the poverty‐related UN Sustainable Development Goals be met? New projections
Authors: Yusuf Arief Anshory , Anna Zuzy , Komarulzaman Ahmad , Sumner Andy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the literature and consider the historical relationship between growth and a set of poverty‐related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically extreme monetary poverty, undernutrition, stunting, child mortality, maternal mortality and access to clean water. We then make projections for 2030. We find that it is very likely that global poverty‐related SDGs will not be met and by a considerable distance. The implication of this, we argue, is that more emphasis is needed on both policies to raise growth rates (i.e., build productive capacities) and distributive policy measures such as the introduction or expansion of income transfers, and ensuring investments in public goods are sufficient.
The relationship between childhood adversity and affective instability across psychiatric disorders: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Palmier‐Claus Jasper , Golby Rebecca , Stokes Laura‐Jean , Saville Christopher W. N. , Velemis Kyriakos , Varese Filippo , Marwaha Steven , Tyler Elizabeth , Taylor Peter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionAffective instability represents an important, transdiagnostic biobehavioural dimension of mental ill health and clinical outcome. The causes of affective instability remain unclear. This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated the extent to which exposure to childhood adversity is associated with affective instability across psychiatric disorders, and which forms of adversity are most strongly associated with affective instability.MethodsThe review followed a published protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42020168676). Searches in Medline, Embase and PsychInfo identified studies using quantitative measures of childhood adversity and affective instability, published between January 1980 and July 2023. Data were analysed using a random effects meta‐analysis separately for each outcome, namely affective lability, emotion dysregulation, and rapid cycling. The Mixed‐Methods Appraisal Tool was used to appraise the quality of the literature.ResultsThe search identified 36 studies involving 8431 participants. All reports focused on cross‐sectional associations. We did not identify any prospective longitudinal research. The analysis showed small, but statistically significant effects of childhood adversity on affective lability (r = 0.09, 95% CI 0.02, 0.17), emotion dysregulation (r = 0.25, 95% CI 0.19, 0.32), and rapid cycling (OR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.14, 1.70). When considering adversity subtypes, emotional abuse showed the strongest effect on affective lability (r = 0.16, 95% CI 0.07, 0.24) and emotion dysregulation (r = 0.32, 95% CI 0.19, 0.44). Quality assessment scores were generally low. Most studies failed to control for confounding factors or offer assurances around the representativeness of the samples.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that childhood adversity, particularly emotional abuse, is associated emotional instability in adulthood, but further prospective longitudinal research is needed to confirm causality. The findings have implications for the prevention and treatment of affective instability across psychiatric disorders.
The relationship between cannabis and nicotine use: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yimer Tesfa Mekonen , McClure‐Thomas Caitlin , Stjepanovic Daniel , Wilson Jack , Chan Gary Chung Kai , Hall Wayne Denis , Leung Janni 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsCannabis and nicotine (tobacco or e‐cigarettes) use commonly co‐occurs and understanding their relationship can help to inform public health strategies to prevent their harms. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to estimate the association of cannabis use given prior nicotine use and vice versa.MethodsPubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Google Scholar and a hand‐search were conducted in 2023 for longitudinal studies of the general population with no restrictions in settings (locations). Random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate odds ratios between cannabis and nicotine use in both directions. The impact of unmeasured confounding was assessed using E‐values.ResultsFrom 5387 identified records, we included 20 studies. Among cannabis‐naïve youths, baseline use of any nicotine products was positively associated with initiation of any cannabis use at follow‐up [odds ratio (OR) = 5.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.19, 9.11; adjusted OR (aOR) = 2.59, 95% CI = 2.01, 3.32]. In nicotine‐naïve participants (youths + adults), baseline cannabis use was positively associated with the initiation of any nicotine use at follow‐up (OR = 4.08, 95% CI = 2.05, 8.11; aOR = 2.94, 95% CI =1.54, 5.61). There were no significant associations between baseline cannabis use and subsequent initiation of any nicotine (aOR = 3.29, 95% CI = 0.85, 12.76) or daily nicotine use (aOR = 2.63, 95% CI = 0.41, 16.95) among youths. The median E‐values were 5.5 for nicotine exposure and cannabis use initiation and 4.1 for cannabis exposure and nicotine use initiation, indicating that substantial unmeasured confounding would need to have a strong association with both outcomes to fully explain away the cannabis and nicotine relationship.ConclusionAlthough the evidence for associations between cannabis use and tobacco use is mixed, a majority of studies to date have found that cannabis use is associated with prior nicotine use and vice versa.
The embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of metamizole sodium
Authors: Öztürk Selvinaz , Dayan Mustafa Orhun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDrug use during pregnancy is an important issue that must be investigated due to its adverse effects on maternal and foetal health. This study aimed to determine the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of in‐ovo administered metamizole (dipyrone), which can be used when needed during pregnancy and has potent analgesic, antipyretic, anti‐inflammatory, and long bone (tibia and femur) effects. This study used 240 fertile eggs from Atak S breed chickens, divided into eight equal groups: control, vehicle control, and 15.62, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg metamizole. The eggs were hatched on the 21st day of incubation, and the chicks' body weights and mortality rates were determined. The right and left femur and tibia bones were resected from the chicks. Anatomical reference points were determined after removing the soft tissues of the bones, and necessary morphometric measures were taken from these points with a 0.01 mm precision using digital callipers. The 100% lethal dose (LD100) was identified in the highest examined dose (500 mg/kg) in the Chicken Embryotoxicity Screening Test (CHEST)‐I stage. The CHEST‐II stage determined the 50% lethal dose (LD50). High‐dose metamizole affected skeletal development, significantly decreasing tibia and femur lengths and corpus thicknesses and increasing mortality.
Preeclampsia in the Context of COVID‐19: Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Nobrega Guilherme M. , Jones Brittany R. , Mysorekar Indira U. , Costa Maria Laura 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has led to the global COVID‐19 pandemic, significantly impacting the health of pregnant women. Obstetric populations, already vulnerable, face increased morbidity and mortality related to COVID‐19, aggravated by preexisting comorbidities. Recent studies have shed light on the potential correlation between COVID‐19 and preeclampsia (PE), a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity worldwide, emphasizing the significance of exploring the relationship between these two conditions. Here, we review the pathophysiological similarities that PE shares with COVID‐19, with a particular focus on severe COVID‐19 cases and in PE‐like syndrome cases related with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We highlight cellular and molecular mechanistic inter‐connectivity between these two conditions, for example, regulation of renin–angiotensin system, tight junction and barrier integrity, and the complement system. Finally, we discuss how COVID‐19 pandemic dynamics, including the emergence of variants and vaccination efforts, has shaped the clinical scenario and influenced the severity and management of both COVID‐19 and PE. Continued research on the mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy and the potential risk of developing PE from previous infections is warranted to delineate the complexities of COVID‐19 and PE interactions and to improve clinical management of both conditions.
Distributional modelling of positively skewed data via the flexible Weibull extension distribution
Authors: Hernández‐Barajas Freddy , Usuga‐Manco Olga , Patino‐Rodríguez Carmen , Marmolejo‐Ramos Fernando 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe time until an event occurs is often known to have a skewed distribution. To model this, a statistical distribution called the two‐parameter flexible Weibull extension (FWE) has been proposed. In this paper, the FWE distribution is used to model datasets through the use of generalised additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) distributional regression. GAMLSS is the only regression technique that can examine the effects of both categorical and numeric predictors on all the parameters of the distribution used to fit the dependent variable. To make it easier to use the FWE distribution through GAMLSS, the RelDists R package is proposed. A simulation study shows that FWE modelling through GAMLSS provides reliable parameter estimates even in the presence of factors that affect the distribution.
Prioritizations in Swedish cataract surgery ‐ when resources are limited—Exemplified by the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kreku Ruben , Behndig Anders , Viberg Andreas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo study the prioritization effects of the of COVID‐19 pandemic on Swedish cataract surgery using a national healthcare registry with high coverage.SettingA study from the Swedish National Cataract Register (NCR), involving all patients undergoing cataract surgery in Sweden during 2019–2022 – before, during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsWith the pandemic outbreak, the number of cataract surgeries fell by 22% in 2020 (15 369 procedures), albeit with large regional differences (−43% to +58%). The numbers recovered in 2021, and in 2022, a new top notation was seen (n = 149 952). On a national level, the patients were younger (−0.46 years, p < 0.001), with a larger proportion of less difficult cases (p < 0.001) and the proportion of males was higher (p < 0.001) during the pandemic, but all these variables also differed substantially between different regions and clinics.ConclusionA national registry with high coverage can map the consequences of an event disrupting elective surgery in detail. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the impact on Swedish cataract surgery varied largely between different regions, clinics, and healthcare providers, leading to inequality in the availability of surgery. These differences likely owed to variations in healthcare policy approaches in different parts of the country. The present study shows that outcomes at one clinic or region cannot be extrapolated to larger regions under these circumstances. It actualizes the need to aim for a healthcare on equal terms, but it also shows a system that delivers care to many despite difficult times.
The effect of vortioxetine on faecal microbiota in high‐fat diet‐exposed mice—A link to weight protection
Authors: Corfitsen Henrik Thyge , Bilde Katrine , Rerup Trine , Larsen Agnete 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveWeight gain is a common side effect of antidepressive treatment, causing distress among patients and caretakers as it can lead to treatment discontinuation and complications such as diabetes type II and cardiovascular disease. Vortioxetine is one of the newer antidepressants and the pharmacodynamics differ from the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. It is marketed as being weight neutral; however, there is little evidence as to why. In recent years, there has been an increased focus on the faecal microbiota and its impact on body weight and mental and physical health. In the current work, we examine the effect of vortioxetine on weight gain and faecal microbiota composition.MethodsForty male C57BL/6NTac mice were primed for 8 weeks with a high‐fat diet (Hfd) or control diet (Cd), followed by a 4‐week period on the same diet and additional +/− vortioxetine 10 mg/kg/daily.ResultsVortioxetine reduced Hfd‐induced weight gain (Hfd + V: 8.2%, Hfd − V: 12.7%; p = 0.0374) but did not affect weight gain of the control group (Cd + V: 7.54%, Cd − V: 7.56%; p = 0.4944). Significant differences in faecal microbiota were observed in mice who received vortioxetine.ConclusionVortioxetine caused significant changes to the faecal microbiota composition and appeared to limit Hfd‐induced weight gain.
Culturally adaptive healthcare for people with a learning disability from an ethnic minority background: A qualitative synthesis
Authors: Roberts Christina , Ditzel Nicola , Cooper‐Moss Nicola , Umbleby Katie , Chauhan Umesh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeople with a learning disability face health inequality. Those from ethnic minority backgrounds with a learning disability face ‘double discrimination’ as members of two marginalised groups.MethodsThis codesigned review consolidated the evidence on the healthcare experiences of individuals and their carers from ethnic minority backgrounds with a learning disability. Three electronic databases were searched for UK studies from January 1990 to June 2022. Qualitative data from 28 studies were analysed using thematic framework analysis.FindingsThere was an overarching theme of ‘culture, choice and conflicts of control’, which related to the variable preferences for involvement in healthcare decisions. Cultural and individual factors impacted upon experience, with themes relating to ‘misunderstanding and mistrust’, ‘discrimination and stigma’, ‘isolation’, ‘feelings of shame and blame’, ‘burdens of care’ and ‘carer wellbeing’. Factors associated with healthcare‐seeking and care provision are described in the themes ‘triangles of care’, ‘community networks’ and ‘adaptive communication’.ConclusionsPeople from ethnic minority backgrounds with learning disability experience complex barriers which influence their healthcare experiences. Recognising and understanding discrimination can be difficult for people with a learning disability. Carers face challenges which influence their own wellbeing. Services need to be responsive to individual cultural contexts, while addressing potential conflicts of control.
Family‐level profiles of parental reactions to emotions: Longitudinal associations with multi‐informant reports of adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms
Authors: Edler Katherine , Hoegler Dennis Sarah , Wang Lijuan , Valentino Kristin , Davies Patrick T. , Cummings E. Mark 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLongitudinal study of associations between family‐level emotion socialization and adolescent adjustment is limited. When American children (53.5% girls) were in second grade (N = 213; Mage = 7.98; data collected 2002–2003), mothers and fathers (79.8% of mothers and 74.2% of fathers were White) reported on their reactions to children's emotions; in seventh, eighth, and ninth grade (Mage = 13.03, 14.17, 15.29, respectively; data collected 2007–2010), adolescents, mothers, and fathers reported on adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Four family‐level profiles of reactions were identified. Profile differences emerged, suggesting that the emotion dismissing profile was longitudinally associated with elevated adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms and that fathering may especially foster child adjustment for families in a divergence profile.
3D surface defect map for assessing buccolingual profile of single tooth gaps following alveolar ridge preservation
Authors: Mancini Leonardo , Barootchi Shayan , Pirc Miha , Marchetti Enrico , Jung Ronald E. , Tavelli Lorenzo , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimA new, non‐invasive approach suggests using single intraoral optical scanning to analyze the ridge profile of single‐tooth gaps following alveolar ridge preservation in the absence of a baseline scan. This method involves creating a three‐dimensional (3D) surface map to identify and assess contour changes and ridge profiles based on the adjacent teeth.Materials and MethodsThe present study was designed as a cross‐sectional pilot analysis on a convenience sample of patients undergoing alveolar ridge preservation. Intraoral optical scans were taken on 23 patients, capturing data from 30 edentulous sites. The digital models were then imported into an image analysis software for a 3D surface defect map analysis performed by one examiner. This analysis characterized the buccolingual profile of the single tooth gap relative to the adjacent teeth. 10 linear divergence points, spaced 0.5 mm apart in a corona‐apical direction, were identified at the midfacial aspect of the sites. Based on these points the sites were plotted and grouped in three different buccolingual profiles (linear, concave, and convex). Clinical parameters including Keratinized mucosa Width (KMW), and soft tissue phenotype with Colorvue biotype probes were also recorded.ResultsThree different buccolingual patterns (linear, convex, and concave) were identified. Seven sites exhibited a linear profile, 10 sites displayed a concave shape, and 13 showed a convex profile. The linear profile had surface discrepancies similar to the neighboring teeth. In contrast, the convex profile revealed mid‐buccal discrepancy localized only at the crestal aspect, while the concave had an extended divergence ranging from 1 to 5 mm below the soft tissue margin. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses did not reveal any statistically significant variables influencing profilometric analysis; however, when combining phenotype and KMW, thick phenotypes demonstrated a higher proportion of concavity (OR = 4.83) compared to thin ones, suggesting a significant trend. With every 1 mm of increase in KMW, the probability of showing a concavity decreased (p = 0.057).ConclusionA 3D surface defect map represents a useful tool for objectively quantifying ridge defects and profiles by assessing profilometric and surface differences compared to adjacent dentition using a single intraoral scan. This method also indicates that KMW may play a critical role in preventing concavity defects. The 3D defect map can guide decision‐making during soft tissue augmentation procedures by emphasizing the specific location of the defect and providing more detailed insights into its localization. These parameters can enable the tailoring of flap management and soft tissue grafting strategies to address the patient's individual needs.
Motor progression trajectories and risk of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: A latent class trajectory model from PPMI cohort
Authors: Chen Xi , He Chentao , Ma Jianrui , Yang Rui , Qi Qi , Gao Ziqi , Du Tingyue , Zhang Piao , Li Yan , Cai Mengfei , Zhang Yuhu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsRare studies have investigated the association between heterogeneity of motor progression and risk of early cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we aim to identify distinct trajectories of motor progression longitudinally and investigate their impact on predicting mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsA 5‐year cohort including 415 PD patients at baseline was collected from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. The severity of motor symptoms was evaluated using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III. The latent class trajectory model and nonlinear mixed‐effects model were used to analyze and delineate the longitudinal changes in motor symptoms. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to minimize the impact of potential confounders. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to calculate hazard ratios for MCI, and a Kaplan–Meier curve was generated using the occurrence of MCI during the follow‐up as the time‐to‐event.ResultsTwo latent trajectories were identified: a mild and remitting motor symptoms class (Class 1, 33.01%) and a severe and progressive motor symptom class (Class 2, 66.99%). Patients in Class 2 initially exhibited severe motor symptoms that worsened progressively despite receiving anti‐PD medications. In comparison, patients in Class 1 exhibited milder symptoms that improved following drug therapy and a slower progression. During a 5‐year follow‐up, patients in Class 2 showed a higher risk of developing MCI compared to those in Class 1 before PSM (Log‐Rank 28.58, p < 0.001) and after PSM (Log‐Rank 8.20, p = 0.004).ConclusionsPD patients with severe and progressive motor symptoms are more likely to develop MCI than those with mild and stable motor symptoms.