bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fretting-corrosion mechanisms of Ti6Al4V against CoCrMo in simulated body fluid under various fretting states
Authors: Pu Jian , Zhang Zupei , Zhang Yali , Zhang Xiaogang , Yuan Xinlu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Guoxian , Cui Wen , Yang Shu , Jin Zhongmin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTi6Al4V alloy–CoCrMo alloy pair is commonly applied for modular head–neck interfaces for artificial hip joint. Unfortunately, the fretting corrosion damage at this interface seriously restricts its lifespan. This work studied the fretting corrosion of Ti6Al4V–CoCrMo pair in calf serum solution. We established this material pair’s running condition fretting map (RCFM) regarding load and displacement, and revealed the damage mechanism of this material pair in various fretting regimes, namely partial slip regime (PSR), mixed fretting regime (MFR), and gross slip regime (GSR). The damage mechanism of Ti6Al4V alloy was mainly abrasive wear induced by CoCrMo alloy and tribocorrosion. Adhesive wear (material transfer) also existed in MFR. The damage mechanism of CoCrMo alloy was mainly abrasive wear induced by metal oxides and tribocorrosion in GSR and MFR, while no apparent damage in PSR. Furthermore, a dense composite material layer with high hardness was formed in the middle contacting area in GSR, which reduced the corrosion and wear of Ti alloys and exacerbated damage to Co alloys. Finally, the ion concentration maps for Ti and Co ions were constructed, which displayed the transition in the amount of released Ti and Co ions under different displacements and loads.
Self-selective receptive field network for person re-identification
Authors: Hou Shaoqi , liu Xueting , Wu Chenyu , Yin Guangqiang , Wang Xinzhong , Wang Zhiguo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPerson Re-identification (Re-ID) technology aims to solve the matching problem of the same pedestrians at different times and places, which has important application value in the field of public safety. At present, most scholars focus on designing complex models to improve the accuracy of Re-ID, but the high complexity of the model further restricts the practical application of Re-ID algorithm. To solve the above problems, this paper designs a lightweight Self-selective Receptive Field (SRF) block instead of directly designing complex models. Specifically, the module can be plug-and-play on the general backbone network, so as to significantly improve the performance of Re-ID while effectively controlling the amount of its own parameter and calculation: (1) the SRF block encodes pedestrian targets and image contexts at different scales by constructing pyramidal convolution group and allows the module to independently select the size of the receptive field through training by means of self-adaptive weighting; (2) in order to reduce the complexity of SRF block, we introduce a "channel scaling factor" and design a "grouped convolution operation" by constraining the channels of the feature map and changing the structure of the convolution kernel respectively. Experiments on multiple datasets show that SRF Network (SRFNet) for Re-ID can achieve a good balance between performance and complexity, which fully demonstrates the effectiveness of SRF block.
Evaluation of waist-to-calf ratio as a diagnostic tool for sarcopenic obesity: a cross-sectional study from a geriatric outpatient clinic
Authors: Güner Merve , Öztürk Yelda , Ceylan Serdar , Okyar Baş Arzu , Koca Meltem , Balci Cafer , Doğu Burcu Balam , Cankurtaran Mustafa , Halil Meltem Gülhan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Proponents argue that a high waist-to-calf ratio (WCR) may indicate an imbalance between muscle and fat in the body, making it a potential predictor for sarcopenic obesity (SO). The WCR is a new index incorporating both measurements, providing a reliable approach for assessing the imbalance between abdominal fat and leg muscle mass. The present study aimed to examine the association of WCR with SO and reveal the predictive effect of SO in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
The study population was composed of 234 geriatric outpatients with obesity. WCR was calculated by dividing the waist circumference (in cm) by the calf circumference (in cm). SO was defined according to the ESPEN and EASO Consensus Statement.

Results
The mean age was 72.7 ± 5.8 years, and 78.7% (n = 175) were female. Eighty-one patients (34.6%) were considered as sarcopenic obese. The WCR was 3.04 [Interquartile range (IQR), 2.88–3.32] in the sarcopenic obese group, and in the nonsarcopenic obese group, it was 2.82 [IQR, 2.7–3.0] (p < 0.001). Independent of age, sex, nutritional and frailty status WCR was associated with SO (OR 12.7, 95% CI 4.0–40.1 and p < 0.001). The cut-off value of WCR for SO was calculated as 2.94 with 72.8% sensitivity and 67.3% specificity (Area Under Curve: 0.72 and Positive likelihood ratio: 2.23, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
WCR, a simple and accessible method, indicates promise as a possible and potential diagnostic tool for SO in community-dwelling older adults.
Exploiting Soybean and Flaxseed Meal Byproducts as Safe Weed Management Approaches in Onion Field
Authors: El-Wakeel Mona A. , El-Metwally Ibrahim M. , Ahmed Salah A. A. , Akl Engy M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe intensive and repeated use of chemical herbicides has led to the emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds, which, in addition to their environmental impacts, also pose significant threats to human and animal health. This study aimed to explore the potential of oilseed industrial wastes, specifically soybean and flaxseed meals, as safe and environmentally friendly bioherbicides for controlling weeds associated with onion crops. Two field experiments were conducted along two successive winter of 2020/21 and 2021/22. Treatments involved foliar spray of soybean and flaxseed meals in three different concentrations (15, 30 and 45%), mulching of seed meals, oxyfluorfen herbicide, two hand hoeing and untreated weedy check. The findings demonstrated that all weed control treatments significantly reduced weed density, biomass and nutrient uptake. Two hand hoeing, oxyfluorfen herbicide and the mulching of soybean and flaxseed meals alternated in the top rank for weed control, showing minimal significant differences among them. Following these effective treatments, soybean meal extracts at 45 and 30% exhibited notable weed control compared to the weedy check. The greatest enhancement in onion growth, yield characteristics and bulb quality was observed with the application of hand hoeing, soybean and flaxseed meal mulching treatments, with no significant differences between them. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation of both meals identified various phenolic acids at different concentrations. Practically, these safe efficient treatments proved progress on chemical herbicide. Hence, onion farmers are advised to apply soybean and flaxseed meals mulching safe treatments as alternative to harmful chemical herbicides under all experimental conditions.
Working Individually and Collectively: Assisting Young People with Cognitive Disability Transitioning from Statutory Systems
Authors: Venables Jemma , Ellem Kathy , Nathanson Caitlin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractYoung people with cognitive disability exiting statutory child protection and/or youth justice systems are a particularly vulnerable group. They have varied, complex and dynamic needs. These are often poorly responded to, due in part to a lack of formal and informal supports. There remains a lack of specialised supports and a dearth of evidence regarding best practice in supporting this group. This paper explores social work practices which respond to the social isolation of this cohort and the gap in support as young people transition to adulthood. The paper focuses on a group program in Queensland (Australia) which was specifically designed to support young people with a cognitive disability leaving child protection and/or youth justice systems. It reports on a subset of data from a mixed-methods study. It presents the perspectives of the young people and their practitioners regarding the practices that supported the engagement of young people and created opportunities for connection and skill development within the group program. The findings highlight the importance of relationship-driven practices that are supported and resourced by the organisation, and the need for parallel individual and group work processes for achieving positive outcomes with young people with cognitive disability transitioning from statutory systems.
EFection: Effectiveness Detection Technique for Clustering Cloud Workload Traces
Authors: Ali Shallaw Mohammed , Kecskemeti Gabor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClustering is widely used in cloud computing studies to extract vital information. These studies have ignored investigating the potential improvements in clustering quality from better selection of its dimensions and methods. Consequently, developing an automated technique to perform such a selection was not addressed thoroughly. Most of the recent attempts either relied on feature reduction or general non-automated techniques, which were deemed unreliable for sufficient selection. Therefore, we first conducted a comprehensive investigation to study the impact of selecting better clustering dimensions and methods. Our results indicate achieving significant improvement by 15–70% points through better selection. Then, we developed a novel technique (EFection) to detect the best selection in advance using a combination of internal validation metrics (Davies–Bouldin) and the Pearson correlation coefficient. We evaluate our technique’s accuracy by comparing the clustering quality of its suggestions with that of the optimal selection. We then compare EFection’s performance with recent attempts to measure its superiority. Finally, we validate its applicability when adopted in cloud clustering-based studies. The results show that EFection offers high accuracy, around 83%, and surpasses prior art by 11%.
Comprehensive climatic variability analysis and its significance on flood occurrences in the Middle Ganga Plain, India
Authors: Arora Aman , Siddiqui Masood A. , Geesupalli Purna Durga , Mishra Varun Narayan , Pandey Manish 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClimate variability significantly affects rainfall, air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation. In subtropical regions like India, intense monsoon rainfall primarily causes floods. This study aims to analyze the climatic factors contributing to flood occurrence in the Middle Ganga Plain (MGP) by examining meteorological parameters through various analyses, including monthly and yearly trends, spatial variability, exceedance probability, historical highest intensity rainfall, and wind trajectory analysis. By establishing a strong link between climatic variables and flood events, this research provides valuable insights into the impact of climate variability on flood patterns in the MGP. Results indicate that monsoon rainfall peaks from July to October, correlating with major flood events. During these months, high relative humidity increases the likelihood of rainfall. Spatial analysis shows higher rainfall in the northern Middle Ganga Plain (MGP), which aligns with observed flood patterns. Trend detection tests reveal increasing annual rainfall and rising average temperatures. Geostatistical analysis identifies the western and eastern MGP as areas prone to extreme rainfall. Exceedance probability analysis confirms the occurrence of substantial monsoon rainfall events. Wind trajectory analysis uncovers seasonal shifts that lead to low-pressure systems and heavy monsoon rainfall. The study establishes a strong link between climatic variables and flood events in the MGP region.
Utility of hybrid whole genome sequencing in assessing potential nosocomial VIM transmission
Authors: Mahoney David Burke James , Li Xena , Aftanas Patryk , Vermeiren Christie , Kozak Robert , Katz Kevin , Maguire Finlay 
Published: August 2024

Abstract (Narrative)Hybrid whole genome sequencing was used to investigate if nosocomial Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) carbapenemase transmission occurred between two patients without epidemiological links or common pathogens. Challenges in genomic methodology and appropriate analytical depth for mobile carbapenemase outbreaks are described including how inappropriate choices can mislead results and impact infection control practices.
Turning Points in Vegetation Phenology Trends and Their Relationship to Climate in Arid Central Asia
Authors: Nie Xingyu , Zhang Xuan , Hao Fanghua , Li Xiran , De Boeck Hans J. , Fu Yongshuo H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGrassland phenology is highly sensitive to climate change. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of start (start of season (SOS)) and end (end of season (EOS)) dates of the growing season and quantify changes in their climatic controls over the arid Central Asian grassland ecosystems during 1982–2015, which may improve the model performance by considering shifts in primary drivers under ongoing climate change. Our results suggest that temperature played a positive role in advancing the SOS date, with the control of temperature on SOS getting stronger as preseason conditions become warmer but not drier. For autumn phenology, rapid increase in temperature after 1999 in combination with reductions in precipitation jointly contributed to a shift from delayed to advanced EOS. The areas that EOS regulated by either temperature or precipitation have changed between the two subperiods. Our findings suggest that the dynamic controls of temperature and precipitation on grassland phenology and the difference between spring and autumn phenology should be built into phenological models more accurately.
Geographical Patterns in Mortality Impacts Due To Heatwaves of Different Characteristics in Spanish Cities
Authors: Paredes‐Fortuny Laura , Salvador Coral , Vicedo‐Cabrera Ana M. , Khodayar Samira 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe impact of heatwaves (HWs) on human health is a topic of growing interest due to the global magnification of these phenomena and their substantial socio‐economic impacts. As for other countries of Southern Europe, Spain is a region highly affected by heat and its increase under climate change. This is observed in the mean values and the increasing incidence of extreme weather events and associated mortality. Despite the vast knowledge on this topic, it remains unclear whether specific types and characteristics of HW are particularly harmful to the population and whether this shows a regional interdependency. The present study provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between HW characteristics and mortality in 12 Spanish cities. We used separated time series analysis in each city applying a quasi‐Poisson regression model and distributed lag linear and non‐linear models. Results show an increase in the mortality risk under HW conditions in the cities with a lower HW frequency. However, this increase exhibits remarkable differences across the cities under study not showing any general pattern in the HW characteristics‐mortality association. This relationship is shown to be complex and strongly dependent on the local properties of each city pointing out the crucial need to examine and understand on a local scale the HW characteristics and the HW‐mortality relationship for an efficient design and implementation of prevention measures.
Effects of pharmacological and environmental manipulations on choice between fentanyl and shock avoidance/escape in male and female rats under mutually exclusive and non-exclusive choice conditions
Authors: Marcus Madison M. , Marsh Samuel A. , Arriaga Michelle , Negus S. Stevens , Banks Matthew L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSubstance use disorders are defined by persistent drug consumption despite adverse consequences. Accordingly, we developed two fentanyl-vs-shock avoidance/escape choice procedures in which male and female rats responded under a fixed-ratio (FR)1:FR1 concurrent schedule of shock avoidance/escape and IV fentanyl under either mutually exclusive or non-exclusive choice conditions. Initial experiments using a discrete-trial procedure determined behavioral allocation between mutually exclusive shock avoidance/escape and different fentanyl doses (0.32–18 μg/kg/infusion; Experiment 1). Shock intensity (0.1–0.7 mA) and shock avoidance/escape response requirement (FR1-16) were also manipulated (Experiment 2). Next, we used a free-operant procedure in which shock avoidance/escape and fentanyl were continuously available under non-exclusive conditions, and response-shock (R-S) interval (30–1000 s) was manipulated (Experiment 3). Finally, we tested the hypothesis that extended-access fentanyl self-administration would produce fentanyl dependence, establish fentanyl withdrawal as an endogenous negative reinforcer, and increase fentanyl choice in both procedures (Experiments 4 and 5). The shock avoidance/escape contingency decreased fentanyl self-administration, and rats consistently chose shock avoidance/escape over fentanyl in both choice conditions. Decreasing shock intensity or increasing shock avoidance/escape response requirement failed to increase fentanyl choice, suggesting that fentanyl and shock avoidance/escape are independent economic commodities. Increasing the R-S interval increased fentanyl choice but failed to increase shock delivery. Extended fentanyl access engendered high fentanyl intake and opioid withdrawal signs but failed to increase fentanyl choice under either choice condition. These results suggest that neither positive fentanyl reinforcement nor negative reinforcement by fentanyl withdrawal is sufficient to reduce shock avoidance/escape-maintained responding and increase foot shock as an adverse consequence.
Induction of osteoblast apoptosis stimulates macrophage efferocytosis and paradoxical bone formation
Authors: Batoon Lena , Koh Amy Jean , Millard Susan Marie , Grewal Jobanpreet , Choo Fang Ming , Kannan Rahasudha , Kinnaird Aysia , Avey Megan , Teslya Tatyana , Pettit Allison Robyn , McCauley Laurie K. , Roca Hernan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractApoptosis is crucial for tissue homeostasis and organ development. In bone, apoptosis is recognized to be a main fate of osteoblasts, yet the relevance of this process remains underexplored. Using our murine model with inducible Caspase 9, the enzyme that initiates intrinsic apoptosis, we triggered apoptosis in a proportion of mature osteocalcin (OCN+) osteoblasts and investigated the impact on postnatal bone development. Osteoblast apoptosis stimulated efferocytosis by osteal macrophages. A five-week stimulation of OCN+ osteoblast apoptosis in 3-week-old male and female mice significantly enhanced vertebral bone formation while increasing osteoblast precursors. A similar treatment regimen to stimulate osterix+ cell apoptosis had no impact on bone volume or density. The vertebral bone accrual following stimulation of OCN+ osteoblast apoptosis did not translate in improved mechanical strength due to disruption of the lacunocanalicular network. The observed bone phenotype was not influenced by changes in osteoclasts but was associated with stimulation of macrophage efferocytosis and vasculature formation. Phenotyping of efferocytic macrophages revealed a unique transcriptomic signature and expression of factors including VEGFA. To examine whether macrophages participated in the osteoblast precursor increase following osteoblast apoptosis, macrophage depletion models were employed. Depletion of macrophages via clodronate-liposomes and the CD169-diphtheria toxin receptor mouse model resulted in marked reduction in leptin receptor+ and osterix+ osteoblast precursors. Collectively, this work demonstrates the significance of osteoblast turnover via apoptosis and efferocytosis in postnatal bone formation. Importantly, it exposes the potential of targeting this mechanism to promote bone anabolism in the clinical setting.
Ageing-related bone and immunity changes: insights into the complex interplay between the skeleton and the immune system
Authors: Mi Bobin , Xiong Yuan , Knoedler Samuel , Alfertshofer Michael , Panayi Adriana C. , Wang Haixing , Lin Sien , Li Gang , Liu Guohui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAgeing as a natural irreversible process inherently results in the functional deterioration of numerous organ systems and tissues, including the skeletal and immune systems. Recent studies have elucidated the intricate bidirectional interactions between these two systems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of molecular mechanisms of cell ageing. We further discuss how age-related skeletal changes influence the immune system and the consequent impact of immune system alterations on the skeletal system. Finally, we highlight the clinical implications of these findings and propose potential strategies to promote healthy ageing and reduce pathologic deterioration of both the skeletal and immune systems.
Partial asynchrony of coniferous forest carbon sources and sinks at the intra-annual time scale
Authors: Silvestro Roberto , Mencuccini Maurizio , García-Valdés Raúl , Antonucci Serena , Arzac Alberto , Biondi Franco , Buttò Valentina , Camarero J. Julio , Campelo Filipe , Cochard Hervé , Čufar Katarina , Cuny Henri E. , de Luis Martin , Deslauriers Annie , Drolet Guillaume , Fonti Marina V. , Fonti Patrick , Giovannelli Alessio , Gričar Jožica , Gruber Andreas , Gryc Vladimír , Guerrieri Rossella , Güney Aylin , Guo Xiali , Huang Jian-Guo , Jyske Tuula , Kašpar Jakub , Kirdyanov Alexander V. , Klein Tamir , Lemay Audrey , Li Xiaoxia , Liang Eryuan , Lintunen Anna , Liu Feng , Lombardi Fabio , Ma Qianqian , Mäkinen Harri , Malik Rayees A. , Martinez del Castillo Edurne , Martinez-Vilalta Jordi , Mayr Stefan , Morin Hubert , Nabais Cristina , Nöjd Pekka , Oberhuber Walter , Olano José M. , Ouimette Andrew P. , Paljakka Teemu V. S. , Peltoniemi Mikko , Peters Richard L. , Ren Ping , Prislan Peter , Rathgeber Cyrille B. K. , Sala Anna , Saracino Antonio , Saulino Luigi , Schiestl-Aalto Piia , Shishov Vladimir V. , Stokes Alexia , Sukumar Raman , Sylvain Jean-Daniel , Tognetti Roberto , Treml Václav , Urban Josef , Vavrčík Hanuš , Vieira Joana , von Arx Georg , Wang Yan , Yang Bao , Zeng Qiao , Zhang Shaokang , Ziaco Emanuele , Rossi Sergio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs major terrestrial carbon sinks, forests play an important role in mitigating climate change. The relationship between the seasonal uptake of carbon and its allocation to woody biomass remains poorly understood, leaving a significant gap in our capacity to predict carbon sequestration by forests. Here, we compare the intra-annual dynamics of carbon fluxes and wood formation across the Northern hemisphere, from carbon assimilation and the formation of non-structural carbon compounds to their incorporation in woody tissues. We show temporally coupled seasonal peaks of carbon assimilation (GPP) and wood cell differentiation, while the two processes are substantially decoupled during off-peak periods. Peaks of cambial activity occur substantially earlier compared to GPP, suggesting the buffer role of non-structural carbohydrates between the processes of carbon assimilation and allocation to wood. Our findings suggest that high-resolution seasonal data of ecosystem carbon fluxes, wood formation and the associated physiological processes may reduce uncertainties in carbon source-sink relationships at different spatial scales, from stand to ecosystem levels.