bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value of Enrichment to Reintroduction Success
Authors: Reading Richard P. , Miller Brian , Shepherdson David 
Published: February 2013

AbstractReintroduction attempts have faced low, albeit improving, success rates, especially for threatened and endangered species reintroduced from captivity to the wild. This is not only a concern for conservation, as the low success of reintroduction also implies an animal welfare issue for the individuals concerned. Success rates are particularly low for species that live in complex social structures, require greater training during development, and exhibit higher levels of intelligence. Aside from mitigating the original cause of a species extirpation from an area, behavior factors arguably represent the most important aspect influencing an animal's survival following reintroduction. Indeed, we previously recommended using behavioral indicators for determining relative reintroduction success, especially as practitioners develop and compare protocols or if survivorship is difficult to gauge. Strategic enrichment programs targeted toward developing specific skills important for survival in the wild promise to improve reintroduction success by providing individuals with opportunities to develop and improve behavioral skills, such as avoiding predation, foraging (especially for predators and primates), interacting in social groups, courtship and mating, habitat selection, and learning movement and migration routes. Enrichment also improves the physical condition of most individuals, which should also increase reintroduction success. Last but not least, such programs offer the prospect of improved animal welfare both pre‐ and post‐release. We explore how behavioral enrichment has influenced reintroduction success and welfare in a variety of different species. Zoo Biol. 32:332–341, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Effects of insulin glargine versus metformin on glycemic variability, microvascular and beta-cell function in early type 2 diabetes
Authors: Pistrosch F. , Köhler C. , Schaper F. , Landgraf W. , Forst T. , Hanefeld M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
We investigated whether basal insulin as first-line treatment in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) can improve glucose control, microvascular function and preserve insulin secretion in comparison with metformin (MET). In this open-label, randomized, prospective 36-week study, 75 patients (44 m, 31 f, mean age 60.7 ± 9.2 year) were allocated to treatment with either MET 1,000 mg b.i.d. (n = 36) or insulin glargine (GLA) at bedtime (n = 39). At baseline and study end, we performed a continuous glucose monitoring for assessment of interstitial glucose (IG) and measured microvascular function using Laser-Doppler fluxmetry. GLA versus MET treatment resulted in a more pronounced reduction in FPG (Δ: 3.1 ± 2.5 vs. 1.4 ± 1.5 mmol/l; p < 0.001) and overall IG (Δ AUC. 671 ± 507 vs. 416 ± 537 mmol/l min; p = 0.04). Postprandial PG and IG differences after a standardized test meal did not reach significance. Proinsulin/C-peptide and HOMA B as marker of endogenous insulin secretion were significantly more improved by GLA. Microvascular blood flow improved only in MET-treated patients. Early basal insulin treatment with GLA in T2D patients provided a better control of FPG, overall IG load and biomarker of beta-cell function compared to the standard treatment with MET. MET treatment resulted in an improvement of microvascular function. Studies of longer duration are needed to evaluate the durability of glucose control and β cell protection with early GLA treatment.
Stem Cell Research and Therapy: The Position of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: Kirkpatrick Brianne , Hercher Laura , Facio Flavia , Fonda Jill , Hahn Susan , Sapp Julie , Zierhut Heather ,   The Stem Cell Research Task Force on behalf of the Public Policy Committee
Published: February 2013

AbstractStem cells’ regenerative capabilities present a unique opportunity to treat human illness and injury. In 2003, the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) issued a position statement supporting stem cell use in research settings. Almost a decade later, in response to legislative and technological developments within the field of stem cell science, NSGC convened a task force to revisit and update its statement on stem cell research. In doing so, the Task Force developed a new statement reaffirming NSGC's support for stem cell research and endorsed continued stem cell therapy development. NSGC recognizes that the unique potential of stem cell therapy to treat human disease and injury can be realized only through research on a diverse array of stem cell lines drawn from multiple sources, including embryonic, cord blood, and adult cells. NSGC supports the use of stem cells in research and clinical settings when practices adhere to defined ethical and legal guidelines. Available stem cell lines should reflect our genetically diverse population, and donor recruitment should be without discrimination or coercion and include a thorough and dynamic informed consent process.
Growing Parental Economic Power in Parent–Adult Child Households: Coresidence and Financial Dependency in the United States, 1960–2010
Authors: Kahn Joan R. , Goldscheider Frances , García-Manglano Javier 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Research on coresidence between parents and their adult children in the United States has challenged the myth that elders are the primary beneficiaries, instead showing that intergenerationally extended households generally benefit the younger generation more than their parents. Nevertheless, the economic fortunes of those at the older and younger ends of the adult life course have shifted in the second half of the twentieth century, with increasing financial well-being among older adults and greater financial strain among younger adults. This article uses U.S. census and American Community Survey (ACS) data to examine the extent to which changes in generational financial well-being over the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have been reflected in the likelihood of coresidence and financial dependency in parent–adult child U.S. households between 1960 and 2010. We find that younger adults have become more financially dependent on their parents and that while older adults have become more financially independent of their adult children, they nevertheless coreside with their needy adult children. We also find that the effect of economic considerations in decisions about coresidence became increasingly salient for younger adults, but decreasingly so for older adults.
Observation of large magnetodielectric and direct magnetoelectric behavior in LCMO/PVDF 0-3 nanocomposites
Authors: Bhadra Debabrata , Masud Md. G. , De S. K. , Chaudhuri B. K. 
Published: February 2013

A two-phase multifunctional La2CoMnO6 (LCMO)/Poly-vinylidene fluoride 0–3 flexible nanocomposite (NCOMP) thick films have been prepared. Interestingly, this NCOMP shows linear increase of magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (MVC) with applied dc magnetic-bias fields up to 5 kOe, exhibiting no sign of hysteresis. For the typical LCMO concentration, fLCMO = 0.15, the maximum MVC measured is 1.45 mV cm−1 Oe−1 (using 50 kHz resonant signal). This low dielectric loss (∼0.12) NCOMP also showed intriguing high magnetodielectric effect (∼10%) around the ferromagnetic transition temperature (Tc ∼ 230 K) with minimal leakage current. Such results make the present nanocomposite significantly important for the development of magnetic field tuned electronic devices.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 9 December 2014.
Resilience of Pink Salmon and Chum Salmon to Simulated Fisheries Capture Stress Incurred upon Arrival at Spawning Grounds
Authors: Raby Graham D. , Cooke Steven J. , Cook Katrina V. , McConnachie Sarah H. , Donaldson Michael R. , Hinch Scott G. , Whitney Charlotte K. , Drenner S. Matthew , Patterson David A. , Clark Timothy D. , Farrell Anthony P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe compared exhaustion‐related physiological stress and physical injury as contributors to fish condition, longevity, and egg retention in two Pacific salmon species after their arrival at spawning areas. Adult female Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and Chum Salmon O. keta were exposed to six experimental capture treatments that represented different levels of exhaustive exercise, air exposure, and injury. After we evaluated its reflex impairment and obtained a blood sample, each fish was released into its natal spawning channel with an external tag and later retrieved postmortem to evaluate spawning success via examining egg retention. Reflex impairment, plasma lactate, chloride, potassium, and osmolality varied among treatments, with differences generally driven by the length of exposure to capture stress, which included exhaustive exercise and air exposure. However, overall prespawn mortality was negligible (about 5%) and consistent across treatments for both species. We hypothesize that Pink and Chum Salmon are resilient to capture‐related exhaustion upon reaching spawning areas because of a combination of low water temperature (about 12°C in this study) and a physiological shift towards increased use of anaerobic pathways during their final weeks of life. The capture and release of fish arriving at the spawning ground does not appear to influence survival, in contradiction to the results of other studies, which focused on earlier components of Pacific salmon spawning migrations. Fisheries adjacent to spawning sites represent the end of the continuum of salmon fisheries that begin with the high seas fishery and extend through the coastal and riverine environments. The mortality rates in this study should be interpreted cautiously by management until research efforts are broadened to provide a better understanding of how postrelease outcomes at different life stages compare in natural systems and under conditions more representative of real fisheries.
Unbiased Methods for Calculating Mortality in Mark-Selective Fisheries Models for Ocean Salmon
Authors: Conrad Robert , Hagen-Breaux Angelika , Yuen Henry 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Mark-selective fisheries (MSF) are increasingly being used as a strategy for managing fisheries for Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha on the west coast of North America. Mark-selective fisheries allow anglers to keep legal-size Coho Salmon or Chinook Salmon with a missing adipose fin (typically hatchery fish) and require the release of those with an adipose fin (unmarked fish, which are usually wild fish). The objective of MSF is to provide meaningful fisheries on abundant stocks of hatchery salmon while reducing the impact on wild (unmarked) salmon stocks. As has been previously shown, the model currently used in the Pacific Fishery Management Council's preseason planning process to project mortalities for proposed Coho Salmon and Chinook Salmon fisheries underestimates the number of unmarked salmon mortalities occurring in MSF and concurrent nonselective fisheries. We propose equations that provide unbiased estimates of salmon mortalities that occur in these fisheries due to the release of fish. The performance of the proposed methods is evaluated and compared to the current methods using a simulation model. The methods are shown to provide unbiased calculations of total mortalities for unmarked salmon in both mark-selective and concurrent nonselective fisheries. The unbiased methods are able to incorporate different release-mortality and mark-recognition rates for the fisheries modeled.
Received July 24, 2012; accepted November 26, 2012
Contrasting life history characteristics of the eightbar grouper Hyporthodus octofasciatus (Pisces: Epinephelidae) over a large latitudinal range reveals spawning omission at higher latitudes
Authors: Wakefield Corey B. , Newman Stephen J. , Marriott Ross J. , Boddington Dion K. , Fairclough David V. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWakefield, C. B., Newman, S. J., Marriott, R. J., Boddington, D. K., and Fairclough, D. V. 2013. Contrasting life history characteristics of the eightbar grouper, Hyporthodus octofasciatus (Pisces: Epinephelidae), over a large latitudinal range reveals spawning omission at higher latitudes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 485–497. Demographic data on deep-water groupers are limited despite them being highly exploited throughout the Indo-Pacific. In Western Australia, the continuous distribution of the eightbar grouper, Hyporthodus octofasciatus, spans tropical to temperate waters over ∼3500 km from 12°S–35°S. The maximum age was markedly higher in the northern tropical waters than in southern temperate waters, i.e. 47 vs 20 years. Females attained a significantly larger length-at-age in southern temperate waters. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of gonads and annual trends in mean monthly gonadosomatic indices (GSIs) were used to determine that this monandric protogynous hermaphrodite spawns from late spring to summer (October–February) in northwestern Australia. In the temperate waters of WA, there was no evidence of reproduction and no males were observed south of ∼30°S latitude. The lengths at which 50% of female H. octofasciatus matured and changed sex were estimated from northern tropical populations at 560 mm (6.1 years) and 1022 mm (≥11 years). Although the population connectivity of H. octofasciatus is unknown, the spawning omission in temperate waters suggests recruitment from the northern tropical areas and highlights the importance of preserving spawning stocks in those northern waters.
Heterotrimeric G Proteins Serve as a Converging Point in Plant Defense Signaling Activated by Multiple Receptor-Like Kinases
Authors: Liu Jinman , Ding Pingtao , Sun Tongjun , Nitta Yukino , Dong Oliver , Huang Xingchuan , Yang Wei , Li Xin , Botella José Ramón , Zhang Yuelin 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In fungi and metazoans, extracellular signals are often perceived by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and transduced through heterotrimeric G-protein complexes to downstream targets. Plant heterotrimeric G proteins are also involved in diverse biological processes, but little is known about their upstream receptors. Moreover, the presence of bona fide GPCRs in plants is yet to be established. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), heterotrimeric G protein consists of one Gα subunit (G PROTEIN α-SUBUNIT1), one Gβ subunit (ARABIDOPSIS G PROTEIN β-SUBUNIT1 [AGB1]), and three Gγs subunits (ARABIDOPSIS G PROTEIN γ-SUBUNIT1 [AGG1], AGG2, and AGG3). We identified AGB1 from a suppressor screen of BAK1-interacting receptor-like kinase1-1 (bir1-1), a mutant that activates cell death and defense responses mediated by the receptor-like kinase (RLK) SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1-1. Mutations in AGB1 suppress the cell death and defense responses in bir1-1 and transgenic plants overexpressing SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1-1. In addition, agb1 mutant plants were severely compromised in immunity mediated by three other RLKs, FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE2 (FLS2), Elongation Factor-TU RECEPTOR (EFR), and CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (CERK1), respectively. By contrast, G PROTEIN α-SUBUNIT1 is not required for either cell death in bir1-1 or pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity mediated by FLS2, EFR, and CERK1. Further analysis of agg1 and agg2 mutant plants indicates that AGG1 and AGG2 are also required for pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune responses mediated by FLS2, EFR, and CERK1, as well as cell death and defense responses in bir1-1. We hypothesize that the Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G proteins function as a converging point of plant defense signaling by mediating responses initiated by multiple RLKs, which may fulfill equivalent roles to GPCRs in fungi and animals.
NOT2 Proteins Promote Polymerase II–Dependent Transcription and Interact with Multiple MicroRNA Biogenesis Factors in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Lulu , Song Xianwei , Gu Lianfeng , Li Xin , Cao Shouyun , Chu Chengcai , Cui Xia , Chen Xuemei , Cao Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key regulatory roles in numerous developmental and physiological processes in animals and plants. The elaborate mechanism of miRNA biogenesis involves transcription and multiple processing steps. Here, we report the identification of a pair of evolutionarily conserved NOT2_3_5 domain–containing-proteins, NOT2a and NOT2b (previously known as At-Negative on TATA less2 [NOT2] and VIRE2-INTERACTING PROTEIN2, respectively), as components involved in Arabidopsis thaliana miRNA biogenesis. NOT2 was identified by its interaction with the Piwi/Ago/Zwille domain of DICER-LIKE1 (DCL1), an interaction that is conserved between rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis thaliana. Inactivation of both NOT2 genes in Arabidopsis caused severe defects in male gametophytes, and weak lines show pleiotropic defects reminiscent of miRNA pathway mutants. Impairment of NOT2s decreases the accumulation of primary miRNAs and mature miRNAs and affects DCL1 but not HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 (HYL1) localization in vivo. In addition, NOT2b protein interacts with polymerase II and other miRNA processing factors, including two cap binding proteins, CBP80/ABH1, CBP20, and SERRATE (SE). Finally, we found that the mRNA levels of some protein coding genes were also affected. Therefore, these results suggest that NOT2 proteins act as general factors to promote the transcription of protein coding as well as miRNA genes and facilitate efficient DCL1 recruitment in miRNA biogenesis.
The WD40-Repeat Proteins NFC101 and NFC102 Regulate Different Aspects of Maize Development through Chromatin Modification
Authors: Mascheretti Iride , Battaglia Raffaella , Mainieri Davide , Altana Andrea , Lauria Massimiliano , Rossi Vincenzo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe maize (Zea mays) nucleosome remodeling factor complex component101 (nfc101) and nfc102 are putative paralogs encoding WD-repeat proteins with homology to plant and mammalian components of various chromatin modifying complexes. In this study, we generated transgenic lines with simultaneous nfc101 and nfc102 downregulation and analyzed phenotypic alterations, along with effects on RNA levels, the binding of NFC101/NFC102, and Rpd3-type histone deacetylases (HDACs), and histone modifications at selected targets. Direct NFC101/NFC102 binding and negative correlation with mRNA levels were observed for indeterminate1 (id1) and the florigen Zea mays CENTRORADIALIS8 (ZCN8), key activators of the floral transition. In addition, the abolition of NFC101/NFC102 association with repetitive sequences of different transposable elements (TEs) resulted in tissue-specific upregulation of nonpolyadenylated RNAs produced by these regions. All direct nfc101/nfc102 targets showed histone modification patterns linked to active chromatin in nfc101/nfc102 downregulation lines. However, different mechanisms may be involved because NFC101/NFC102 proteins mediate HDAC recruitment at id1 and TE repeats but not at ZCN8. These results, along with the pleiotropic effects observed in nfc101/nfc102 downregulation lines, suggest that NFC101 and NFC102 are components of distinct chromatin modifying complexes, which operate in different pathways and influence diverse aspects of maize development.
A Dual Strategy to Cope with High Light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Allorent Guillaume , Tokutsu Ryutaro , Roach Thomas , Peers Graham , Cardol Pierre , Girard-Bascou Jacqueline , Seigneurin-Berny Daphné , Petroutsos Dimitris , Kuntz Marcel , Breyton Cécile , Franck Fabrice , Wollman Francis-André , Niyogi Krishna K. , Krieger-Liszkay Anja , Minagawa Jun , Finazzi Giovanni 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Absorption of light in excess of the capacity for photosynthetic electron transport is damaging to photosynthetic organisms. Several mechanisms exist to avoid photodamage, which are collectively referred to as nonphotochemical quenching. This term comprises at least two major processes. State transitions (qT) represent changes in the relative antenna sizes of photosystems II and I. High energy quenching (qE) is the increased thermal dissipation of light energy triggered by lumen acidification. To investigate the respective roles of qE and qT in photoprotection, a mutant (npq4 stt7-9) was generated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by crossing the state transition–deficient mutant (stt7-9) with a strain having a largely reduced qE capacity (npq4). The comparative phenotypic analysis of the wild type, single mutants, and double mutants reveals that both state transitions and qE are induced by high light. Moreover, the double mutant exhibits an increased photosensitivity with respect to the single mutants and the wild type. Therefore, we suggest that besides qE, state transitions also play a photoprotective role during high light acclimation of the cells, most likely by decreasing hydrogen peroxide production. These results are discussed in terms of the relative photoprotective benefit related to thermal dissipation of excess light and/or to the physical displacement of antennas from photosystem II.
Classification of Argentinean Sauvignon Blanc Wines by UV Spectroscopy and Chemometric Methods
Authors: Azcarate Silvana Mariela , Cantarelli Miguel Ángel , Pellerano Roberto Gerardo , Marchevsky Eduardo Jorge , Camiña José Manuel 
Published: February 2013

Abstract Argentina is an important worldwide wine producer. In this country, there are several recognizable provinces that produce Sauvignon blanc wines: Neuquén, Río Negro, Mendoza, and San Juan. The analysis of the provenance of these white wines is complex and requires the use of expensive and time‐consuming techniques. For this reason, this work discusses the determination of the provenance of Argentinean Sauvignon blanc wines by the use of UV spectroscopy and chemometric methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). The proposed method requires low‐cost equipment and short‐time analysis in comparison with other techniques. The results are in very good agreement with results based on the geographical origin of Sauvignon blanc wines.Practical Application:  This manuscript describes a method to determine the geographical origin of Sauvignon wines from Argentina. The main advantage of this method is the use of nonexpensive techniques, such as UV‐Vis spectroscopy.