bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Structure of Salmonella enterica Serovar 4,[5],12:b:− Strains and Likely Sources of Human Infection
Authors: Toboldt Anne , Tietze Erhard , Helmuth Reiner , Junker Ernst , Fruth Angelika , Malorny Burkhard 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serovar 4,[5],12:b:− is a monophasic serovar not able to express the second-phase flagellar antigen (H2 antigen). In Germany, the serovar is occasionally isolated from poultry, reptiles, fish, food, and humans. In this study, a selection of 67 epidemiologically unrelated
Salmonella enterica
serovar 4,[5],12:b:− strains isolated in Germany between 2000 and 2011 from the environment, animal, food, and humans was investigated by phenotypic and genotypic methods to better understand the population structure and to identify potential sources of human infections. Strains of this monophasic serovar were highly diverse. Within the 67 strains analyzed, we identified 52 different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis XbaI profiles, 12 different multilocus sequence types (STs), and 18 different pathogenicity array types. The relatedness of strains based on the pathogenicity gene repertoire (102 markers tested) was in good agreement with grouping by MLST.
S. enterica
serovar 4,[5],12:b:− is distributed across multiple unrelated eBurst groups and consequently is highly polyphyletic. Two sequence types (ST88 and ST127) were linked to
S. enterica
serovar Paratyphi B (
d
-tartrate positive), two single-locus variants of ST1583 were linked to
S. enterica
serovar Abony, and one sequence type (ST1484) was associated with
S. enterica
serovar Mygdal, a recently defined, new serovar. From the characterization of clinical isolates and those of nonhuman origin, it can be concluded that the potential sources of sporadic human infections with
S. enterica
serovar 4,[5],12:b:− most likely are mushrooms, shellfish/fish, and poultry.
Active Hydrocarbon Biosynthesis and Accumulation in a Green Alga, Botryococcus braunii (Race A)
Authors: Hirose Mana , Mukaida Fukiko , Okada Sigeru , Noguchi Tetsuko 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Among oleaginous microalgae, the colonial green alga
Botryococcus braunii
accumulates especially large quantities of hydrocarbons. This accumulation may be achieved more by storage of lipids in the extracellular space rather than in the cytoplasm, as is the case for all other examined oleaginous microalgae. The stage of hydrocarbon synthesis during the cell cycle was determined by autoradiography. The cell cycle of
B. braunii
race A was synchronized by aminouracil treatment, and cells were taken at various stages in the cell cycle and cultured in a medium containing [
14
C]acetate. Incorporation of
14
C into hydrocarbons was detected. The highest labeling occurred just after septum formation, when it was about 2.6 times the rate during interphase. Fluorescent and electron microscopy revealed that new lipid accumulation on the cell surface occurred during at least two different growth stages and sites of cells. Lipid bodies in the cytoplasm were not prominent in interphase cells. These lipid bodies then increased in number, size, and inclusions, reaching maximum values just before the first lipid accumulation on the cell surface at the cell apex. Most of them disappeared from the cytoplasm concomitant with the second new accumulation at the basolateral region, where extracellular lipids continuously accumulated. The rough endoplasmic reticulum near the plasma membrane is prominent in
B. braunii
, and the endoplasmic reticulum was often in contact with both a chloroplast and lipid bodies in cells with increasing numbers of lipid bodies. We discuss the transport pathway of precursors of extracellular hydrocarbons in race A.
Mutual Cross Talk between the Regulators Hac1 of the Unfolded Protein Response and Gcn4 of the General Amino Acid Control of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Herzog Britta , Popova Blagovesta , Jakobshagen Antonia , Shahpasandzadeh Hedieh , Braus Gerhard H. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Hac1 is the activator of the cellular response to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Hac1 function requires the activity of Gcn4, which mainly acts as a regulator of the general amino acid control network providing
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
cells with amino acids. Here, we demonstrate novel functions of Hac1 and describe a mutual connection between Hac1 and Gcn4. Hac1 is required for induction of Gcn4-responsive promoter elements in haploid as well as diploid cells and therefore participates in the cellular amino acid supply. Furthermore, Hac1 and Gcn4 mutually influence their mRNA expression levels. Hac1 is also involved in
FLO11
expression and adhesion upon amino acid starvation. Hac1 and Gcn4 act through the same promoter regions of the
FLO11
flocculin. The results indicate an indirect effect of both transcription factors on
FLO11
expression. Our data suggest a complex mutual cross talk between the Hac1- and Gcn4-controlled networks.
Unisexual Reproduction Enhances Fungal Competitiveness by Promoting Habitat Exploration via Hyphal Growth and Sporulation
Authors: Phadke Sujal S. , Feretzaki Marianna , Heitman Joseph 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Unisexual reproduction is a novel homothallic sexual cycle recently discovered in both ascomycetous and basidiomycetous pathogenic fungi. It is a form of selfing that induces the yeast-to-hyphal dimorphic transition in isolates of the α mating type of the human fungal pathogen
Cryptococcus neoformans
. Unisexual reproduction may benefit the pathogen by facilitating sexual reproduction in the absence of the opposite
a
mating type and by generating infectious propagules called basidiospores. Here, we report an independent potential selective advantage of unisexual reproduction beyond genetic exchange and recombination. We competed a wild-type strain capable of undergoing unisexual reproduction with mutants defective in this developmental pathway and found that unisexual reproduction provides a considerable dispersal advantage through hyphal growth and sporulation. Our results show that unisexual reproduction may serve to facilitate access to both nutrients and potential mating partners and may provide a means to maintain the capacity for dimorphic transitions in the environment.
Genome Sequence of the Bacillus subtilis Biofilm-Forming Transformable Strain PS216
Authors: Durrett Russell , Miras Mathieu , Mirouze Nicolas , Narechania Apurva , Mandic-Mulec Ines , Dubnau David 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Bacillus subtilis
PS216, a strain isolated in Slovenia, has been sequenced. PS216 is transformable and forms robust biofilms, making it useful for the study of competence regulation in an undomesticated bacterium.
Draft Genome Sequences for Ten Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Phage Type 135 Variants
Authors: Hogg Geoff , Dimovski Karolina , Hiley Lester , Holt Kathryn E. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium (
S
. Typhimurium) is a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 10 isolates of an
S
. Typhimurium phage type 135 variant that is linked to egg-associated outbreaks in Tasmania, Australia.
Complete Genome Sequences of Azotobacter vinelandii Wild-Type Strain CA and Tungsten-Tolerant Mutant Strain CA6
Authors: Noar Jesse D. , Bruno-Bárcena José M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequences of
Azotobacter vinelandii
mutant strain CA6 and its parent wild-type strain, CA. When fixing nitrogen, strain CA6 displays slow growth and impaired molybdate uptake, tolerance to tungstates, and production of hydrogen gas, compared to results for strain CA. Comparing these genome sequences may provide a genetic basis for these mutant phenotypes.
Genome Sequences of a Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF59_01B) Identified among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Northeastern China
Authors: Han Xiaoxu , An Minghui , Zhang Weiqing , Zhao Bin , Chu Zhenxing , Takebe Yutaka , Shang Hong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report here a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF) (CRF59_01B) comprised of CRF01_AE and subtype B, with two recombination breakpoints in the
pol
and
vpu-env
regions, respectively. CRF59_01B was identified from three epidemiologically unlinked men who have sex with men (MSM) in northeast China. This represents the second CRF identified in the MSM population in China.
Draft Genome Sequence for
Ralstonia
sp. Strain OR214, a Bacterium with Potential for Bioremediation
Authors: Utturkar Sagar M. , Bollmann Annette , Brzoska Ryann M. , Klingeman Dawn M. , Epstein Slava E. , Palumbo Anthony V. , Brown Steven D. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Ralstonia
sp. strain OR214 belongs to the class
Betaproteobacteria
and was isolated from subsurface sediments in Oak Ridge, TN. A member of this genus has been described as a potential bioremediation agent. Strain OR214 is tolerant to various heavy metals, such as uranium, nickel, cobalt, and cadmium. We present its draft genome sequence here.
Draft Genome Sequence for
Caulobacter
sp. Strain OR37, a Bacterium Tolerant to Heavy Metals
Authors: Utturkar Sagar M. , Bollmann Annette , Brzoska Ryann M. , Klingeman Dawn M. , Epstein Slava E. , Palumbo Anthony V. , Brown Steven D. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Caulobacter
sp. strain OR37 belongs to the class
Alphaproteobacteria
and was isolated from subsurface sediments in Oak Ridge, TN. Strain OR37 is noteworthy due to its tolerance to high concentrations of heavy metals, such as uranium, nickel, cobalt, and cadmium, and we present its draft genome sequence here.
Genome Sequences of Industrially Relevant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain M3707, Isolated from a Sample of Distillers Yeast and Four Haploid Derivatives
Authors: Brown Steven D. , Klingeman Dawn M. , Johnson Courtney M. , Clum Alicia , Aerts Andrea , Salamov Asaf , Sharma Aditi , Zane Matthew , Barry Kerrie , Grigoriev Igor V. , Davison Brian H. , Lynd Lee R. , Gilna Paul , Hau Heidi , Hogsett David A. , Froehlich Allan C. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Saccharomyces cerevisiae
strain M3707 was isolated from a sample of commercial distillers yeast, and its genome sequence together with the genome sequences for the four derived haploid strains M3836, M3837, M3838, and M3839 has been determined. Yeasts have potential for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) for biofuel production, and access to these genome sequences will facilitate their development.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Leucobacter
sp. Strain UCD-THU (Phylum
Actinobacteria
)
Authors: Holland-Moritz Hannah E. , Bevans Dakota R. , Lang Jenna M. , Darling Aaron E. , Eisen Jonathan A. , Coil David A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Here we present the draft genome of
Leucobacter
sp. strain UCD-THU. The genome contains 3,317,267 bp in 11 scaffolds. This strain was isolated from a residential toilet as part of an undergraduate project to sequence reference genomes of microbes from the built environment.
Genome Sequence of Proteus mirabilis Strain PR03, Isolated from a Local Hospital in Malaysia
Authors: Khalid M. I. H. , Teh L. K. , Lee L. S. , Zakaria Z. A. , Salleh M. Z. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Proteus mirabilis
is one of the pathogenic agents that commonly causes urinary tract infections among elderly individuals and long-term catheterized patients. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of
Proteus mirabilis
strain PR03 (3,932,623 bp, with a G+C content of 38.6%) isolated from a local hospital in Malaysia.
New Volvovirus Isolates from
Acheta domesticus
(Japan) and
Gryllus assimilis
(United States)
Authors: Pham Hanh T. , Iwao Hajime , Bergoin Max , Tijssen Peter 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

A novel circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus, volvovirus, from the house cricket has been described recently. Here, we report the isolation of volvoviruses from
Acheta domesticus
in Japan and
Gryllus assimilis
in the United States. These
Acheta domesticus
volvovirus (AdVVV) isolates have genomes of 2,517 and 2,516 nucleotides (nt) and 4 large open reading frames (ORFs).
Draft Genome Sequence of the Aeromonas diversa Type Strain
Authors: Farfán Maribel , Spataro Nino , Sanglas Ariadna , Albarral Vicenta , Lorén J. Gaspar , Bosch Elena , Fusté M. Carmen 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We present here the first genome sequence of the
Aeromonas diversa
type strain (CECT 4254
T
). This strain was isolated from the leg wound of a patient in New Orleans (Louisiana) and was originally described as enteric group 501 and distinguished from
A. schubertii
by DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypical characterization.
Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Strain M1, a Unique t024-ST8-IVa Danish Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Clone
Authors: Larner-Svensson Hanna , Worning Peder , Bartels Mette D. , Hestbjerg Hansen Lars , Boye Kit , Westh Henrik 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the genome sequence, in five contigs, of a methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
isolate designated M1. This clinical isolate was from the index patient of a methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) outbreak in Copenhagen, Denmark, that started in 2003. This strain is sequence type 8 (ST8),
spa
type t024, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
element (SCC
mec
) type IVa.
Complete Genome Sequence of Propionibacterium avidum Strain 44067, Isolated from a Human Skin Abscess
Authors: Ördögh Lilla , Hunyadkürti Judit , Vörös Andrea , Horváth Balázs , Szűcs Attila , Urbán Edit , Kereszt Attila , Kondorosi Éva , Nagy István 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Propionibacterium avidum
is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that forms part of the normal human cutaneous microbiota, colonizing moist areas such as the vestibule of the nose, axilla, and perineum. Here we present the complete genome sequence of
P. avidum
strain 44067, which was isolated from a carbuncle of the trunk.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Feline Calicivirus 2280 Strain from the American Tissue Culture Collection
Authors: Oka Tomoichiro , Takagi Hirotaka , Saif Linda J. , Wang Qiuhong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen of cats that can be grown in cultured cells. FCV is used as a model to study nonculturable caliciviruses, such as noroviruses. We determined the complete genome sequence of the FCV 2280 strain from the American Tissue Culture Collection.
Complete Genome Sequence of Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14
Authors: Stahl Buffy , Barrangou Rodolphe 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We present the 1,991,830-bp complete genome sequence of
Lactobacillus acidophilus
strain La-14 (SD-5212). Comparative genomic analysis revealed 99.98% similarity overall to the
L. acidophilus
NCFM genome. Globally, 111 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (95 SNPs, 16 indels) were observed throughout the genome. Also, a 416-bp deletion in the LA14_1146 sugar ABC transporter was identified.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Benzothiophene-Desulfurizing Bacterium,
Gordona terrae
Strain C-6
Authors: Wang Wei , Ma Ting , Ren Yi , Li Guoqiang 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Gordona terrae
strain C-6 was isolated from oil-contaminated soil and is capable of desulfurizing benzothiophene (BT). Here we report the draft genome sequence of
G. terrae
strain C-6, which may help to reveal the genetic basis of the BT biodesulfurization pathway.
Evolutionary Dynamics of the Prokaryotic Adaptive Immunity System CRISPR-Cas in an Explicit Ecological Context
Authors: Iranzo Jaime , Lobkovsky Alexander E. , Wolf Yuri I. , Koonin Eugene V. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
A stochastic, agent-based mathematical model of the coevolution of the archaeal and bacterial adaptive immunity system, CRISPR-Cas, and lytic viruses shows that CRISPR-Cas immunity can stabilize the virus-host coexistence rather than leading to the extinction of the virus. In the model, CRISPR-Cas immunity does not specifically promote viral diversity, presumably because the selection pressure on each single proto-spacer is too weak. However, the overall virus diversity in the presence of CRISPR-Cas grows due to the increase of the host and, accordingly, the virus population size. Above a threshold value of total viral diversity, which is proportional to the viral mutation rate and population size, the CRISPR-Cas system becomes ineffective and is lost due to the associated fitness cost. Our previous modeling study has suggested that the ubiquity of CRISPR-Cas in hyperthermophiles, which contrasts its comparative low prevalence in mesophiles, is due to lower rates of mutation fixation in thermal habitats. The present findings offer a complementary, simpler perspective on this contrast through the larger population sizes of mesophiles compared to hyperthermophiles, because of which CRISPR-Cas can become ineffective in mesophiles. The efficacy of CRISPR-Cas sharply increases with the number of proto-spacers per viral genome, potentially explaining the low information content of the proto-spacer-associated motif (PAM) that is required for spacer acquisition by CRISPR-Cas because a higher specificity would restrict the number of spacers available to CRISPR-Cas, thus hampering immunity. The very existence of the PAM might reflect the tradeoff between the requirement of diverse spacers for efficient immunity and avoidance of autoimmunity.
Realising the potential for an Olympic legacy; teaching medical students about sport and exercise medicine and exercise prescribing
Authors: Jones Paul R , Brooks John H M , Wylie Ann 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundPhysicians are increasingly being called upon to promote physical activity (PA) among patients. However, a paucity of exercise medicine teaching in the UK undergraduate medical curricula prevents students from acquiring the necessary knowledge and skills to do so. To address this issue, King's College London School of Medicine introduced an exercise medicine strand of teaching. This study evaluated the acceptability of exercise promotion behaviour change lectures and explored the knowledge and attitudes of the students who received it.MethodsStudents were invited to complete a 6-item online questionnaire prior to and after exercise medicine lectures. The questionnaire assessed beliefs regarding the importance of PA in disease prevention and management, in addition to their confidence in advising patients on PA recommendations. A focus group (n=7) explored students’ attitudes towards and knowledge of PA promotion and exercise prescribing.ResultsIn total, 121 (15%) first-year and second-year MBBS students completed the questionnaire. Students’ beliefs regarding the importance of PA in managing disease and their confidence in PA promotion among patients increased after the teaching (p<0.001). More students were able to correctly identify the Chief Medical Officer recommended adult PA guidelines (p<0.05). Students were enthusiastic about the exercise medicine teaching, strongly supportive of its continued inclusion in the curriculum and advocated its importance for patients and themselves as future doctors.ConclusionsBehaviour change teaching successfully improved students’ knowledge of and confidence regarding PA promotion. These improvements are a step forward and may increase the rates and success of physician PA counselling in the future.
The use of glucosamine for chronic low back pain: a systematic review of randomised control trials
Authors: Sodha Reena , Sivanadarajah Naveethan , Alam Mahbub 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesTo ascertain whether the use of oral glucosamine influences symptoms or functional outcomes in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) thought to be related to spinal osteoarthritis (OA).DesignSystematic review of randomised control trials. Searches were performed up to March 2011 on Medline, AMED, CINHAL, Cochrane and EMBASE with subsequent reference screening of retrieved studies. In addition, the grey literature was searched via opensigle. Included studies were required to incorporate at least one of the Cochrane Back Pain Review Group's outcome measures as part of their design. Trials with participants over 18 years with a minimum of 12 weeks of back pain, in combination with radiographic changes of OA in the spine, were included. Studies were rated for risk-of-bias and graded for quality.Results148 studies were identified after screening and meeting eligibility requirements, and three randomised controlled trials (n=309) were included in the quantitative synthesis. The review found that there was low quality but generally no evidence of an effect from glucosamine on function, with no change in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire score in all studies. Conflicting evidence was demonstrated with pain scores with two studies showing no difference and one study with a high risk-of-bias showing both a statistically and clinically significant improvement from taking glucosamine.ConclusionsOn the basis of the current research, any clinical benefit of oral glucosamine for patients with chronic LBP and radiographic changes of spinal OA can neither be demonstrated nor excluded based on insufficient data and the low quality of existing studies.
Psychometric properties of the WHO Violence Against Women instrument in a female population-based sample in Sweden: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Nybergh Lotta , Taft Charles , Krantz Gunilla 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo explore psychometric properties of the Violence Against Women instrument in a randomly selected national sample of women (N=573) aged 18–65 years and residing in Sweden.DesignCross-sectional survey study.SettingSweden.ParticipantsA postal survey was sent to 1006 women between January and March 2009, during which 624 women (62%) returned the questionnaire. 51 women who did not answer any of the violence items were excluded from the analyses, resulting in a final sample of 573 women.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-reported exposure to psychological, physical and sexual intimate partner violence.ResultsCronbach's α coefficients were 0.79 (psychological scale), 0.80 (physical scale), 0.72 (sexual scale) and 0.88 (total scale). A predetermined three-component solution largely replicated the explored three component conceptual model of the Violence Against Women instrument. The instrument was able to discriminate between groups known from previous studies to differ in exposure to physical and/or sexual violence, that is, respondents with poor versus good self-rated health and witnessed versus not witnessed physical violence at home when growing up. Past-year prevalence of physical (8.1%; 95% CI 5.9 to 10.3) and sexual (3%; 1.6 to 4.4) violence was similar to that reported in other Nordic studies; however, earlier-in-life prevalence was lower in the current study (14.3%; 95% CI 11.4 to 17.2 and 9.2%; 95% CI 6.8 to 11.6, respectively). Reported exposure rates were higher than those obtained from a concurrently administered instrument (NorVold Abuse Questionnaire).ConclusionsThe Violence Against Women instrument demonstrated good construct validity and internal reliability in an adult female population in Sweden. However, further studies examining these and other psychometric properties need to be conducted in other countries.