bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Perspectives of Clinicians and Patients with Severe Mental Illness on Motivation for Treatment
Authors: Jochems Eline C. , van Dam Arno , Duivenvoorden Hugo J. , Scheffer Sylvia C. M. , van der Feltz‐Cornelis Christina M. , Mulder Niels L. 
Published: July 2015

The present study assessed motivation for engaging in treatment as rated by clinicians (n = 57) and patients with severe mental illness (SMI, n = 294) using measures based on three different motivation theories. Questionnaires were derived from self‐determination theory, the transtheoretical model and the integral model of treatment motivation. It was investigated to which extent clinicians of patients with SMI were able to estimate their patient's perspective on motivation for engaging in treatment, to which extent they agreed on the patient's motivation and which factors were associated with estimation and agreement on treatment motivation. It was found that clinicians were poorly to moderately capable of estimating their patient's type of motivation and readiness for change. Further, agreement on the level of motivation between patients and clinicians was moderate. These findings were consistent across diagnostic groups (psychotic and personality disorders). A higher quality therapeutic relationship was generally associated with higher clinician‐rated motivation. The patient's ethnicity and socially desirable responding were factors that differentiated between scales of different motivation theories. It is concluded that patients with SMI and their clinicians have different perceptions on the patient's motivation for engaging in psychiatric treatment, regardless of the theoretical framework that is used to measure motivation. The findings imply that a negotiated approach is needed where both perceptions of clinicians and patients on motivation for treatment are considered to ensure effective mental health interventions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Clinicians show poor to moderate capability in estimating how patients perceive their motivation for engaging in treatment, especially so when the patient's motives revolve around feelings of shame and guilt.
Clinicians generally give higher motivation ratings for patients where they experience a higher quality therapeutic relationships with, whereas—depending on the scale that is used to measure motivation—they give lower ratings to patients who respond in socially desirable ways and to ethnic minority patients.
As patients with SMI and their clinicians have different perceptions on the patient's motivation for engaging in psychiatric treatment (regardless of the theoretical framework that is used to assess motivation), this implies that a negotiated approach is needed where both perceptions of clinicians and patients on motivation for treatment are considered to ensure effective mental health interventions.
Design of a ZVS PWM DC–DC converter for high gain applications
Authors: Javidan Javad 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIn this paper, a pulse width modulation DC‐DC converter with high step‐up voltage gain is proposed. The proposed converter achieves high step‐up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio, coupled inductor, and voltage multiplier technique. The energy stored in the leakage inductor of the coupled inductor can be recycled in the proposed converter. Moreover, because both main and auxiliary switches can be turned on with zero‐voltage switching, switching loss can be reduced by soft‐switching technique. So the overall conversion efficiency is improved significantly. The theoretical steady‐state analyses and the operating principles of the proposed converter are discussed in detail for both continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode. Finally, a laboratory prototype circuit of the proposed converter is implemented to verify the performance of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow cytometric measurement of respiratory burst activity and surface expression of neutrophils for septic patient prognosis
Authors: Bae Mi Hyun , Park So Hee , Park Chan‐Jeoung , Cho Eun‐Jung , Lee Bo‐Ra , Kim Young Jin , Park Sang Hyuk , Cho Young‐Uk , Jang Seongsoo , Song Dong‐Keun , Hong Sang‐Bum 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundThe hyperinflammation that begins with sepsis is essential for eradicating infection but also causes hypoperfusion and organ failure. To understand the innate immune status of septic patients, the functional and phenotypic changes of neutrophils during sepsis and their clinical implication were studied.MethodsSeventy‐four patients who were admitted to intensive care unit due to severe sepsis or septic shock were enrolled. Surface antigens of neutrophils (CD64, CD10, and CD16) were detected by flow cytometry. Respiratory burst activity (RBA) was measured by flow cytometry using 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate and phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate. The parameters were serially examined at Days 1 and 8 in septic shock patients.ResultsHigh CD64 and low CD10 and CD16 on Day 1 was associated with sepsis severity (P = 0.003, 0.017, and 0.007, respectively). On Day 1, RBA and CD64 were higher in survivors than in nonsurvivors of septic shock patients (P = 0.012 and 0.027, respectively), and on Day 8, CD10 and CD16 were higher in survivors than in nonsurvivors (P = 0.019 and 0.036, respectively). High RBA and high CD64 on Day 1 showed low 28‐day mortality in univariate analysis (P = 0.018 and 0.034, respectively). In multivariate analysis, RBA maintained statistical significance (P = 0.042) but CD64 revealed only a tendency (P = 0.064).ConclusionsNeutrophil surface antigen (CD64, CD10, and CD16) could reflect sepsis severity. High CD64 expression and high RBA at early phase of sepsis might be associated with better prognosis, whereas high expression of CD10 and CD16 at late phase of sepsis might be associated with better prognosis. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
The arabidopsis information resource: Making and mining the “gold standard” annotated reference plant genome
Authors: Berardini Tanya Z. , Reiser Leonore , Li Donghui , Mezheritsky Yarik , Muller Robert , Strait Emily , Huala Eva 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) is a continuously updated, online database of genetic and molecular biology data for the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana that provides a global research community with centralized access to data for over 30,000 Arabidopsis genes. TAIR's biocurators systematically extract, organize, and interconnect experimental data from the literature along with computational predictions, community submissions, and high throughput datasets to present a high quality and comprehensive picture of Arabidopsis gene function. TAIR provides tools for data visualization and analysis, and enables ordering of seed and DNA stocks, protein chips, and other experimental resources. TAIR actively engages with its users who contribute expertise and data that augments the work of the curatorial staff. TAIR's focus in an extensive and evolving ecosystem of online resources for plant biology is on the critically important role of extracting experimentally based research findings from the literature and making that information computationally accessible. In response to the loss of government grant funding, the TAIR team founded a nonprofit entity, Phoenix Bioinformatics, with the aim of developing sustainable funding models for biological databases, using TAIR as a test case. Phoenix has successfully transitioned TAIR to subscription‐based funding while still keeping its data relatively open and accessible. genesis 53:474–485, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The avoidance strategy of environmental constraints by an aquatic plant Potamogeton alpinus in running waters
Authors: Robionek Alicja , Banaś Krzysztof , Chmara Rafał , Szmeja Józef 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAquatic plants anchored in streams are under pressure from various constraints linked to the water flow and display strategies to prevent their damage or destruction. We assume that the responses of aquatic plants to fast‐water flow are a manifestation of a trade‐off consisting in either maximizing the resistance to damage (tolerance strategy) in minimizing the hydrodynamic forces (avoidance strategy), or both. Our main hypothesis was that Potamogeton alpinus demonstrate the avoidance strategy. We analyzed architecture traits of the modules of this clonal plant from slow‐ and fast‐flowing streams. In fast‐flowing waters, the avoidance strategy of P. alpinus is reflected by the following: (1) the presence of floating leaves that stabilize the vertical position of the stem and protect the inflorescence against immersion; (2) elongation of submerged leaves (weakens the pressure of water); and (3) shoot diameter reduction and increase in shoot density (weakens the pressure of water, increases shoot elasticity), and by contrast in slow‐water flow include the following: (4) the absence of floating leaves in high intensity of light (avoiding unnecessary outlays on a redundant organ); (5) the presence of floating leaves in low intensity of light (avoidance of stress caused by an insufficient assimilation area of submerged leaves).
DoesAcacia dealbataexpress shade tolerance inMediterranean forest ecosystems ofSouthAmerica?
Authors: Aguilera Narciso , Sanhueza Carolina , Guedes Lubia M. , Becerra José , Carrasco Sebastián , Hernández Víctor 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe distribution ofAcacia dealbataLink (Fabaceae) in its non‐native range is associated with disturbed areas. However, the possibility that it can penetrate the native forest during the invasion process cannot be ruled out. This statement is supported by the fact that this species has been experimentally established successfully under the canopy of native forest. Nonetheless, it is unknown whetherA. dealbatacan express shade tolerance traits to help increase its invasive potential. We investigated the shade tolerance ofA. dealbataunder the canopy of two native forests and one non‐native for three consecutive years, as well as its early growth and photosynthetic performance at low light intensities (9, 30, and 70 μmol m−2sec−1) under controlled conditions. We found manyA. dealbataplants surviving and growing under the canopy of native and non‐native forests. The number of plants of this invasive species remained almost constant under the canopy of native forests during the years of study. However, the largest number ofA. dealbataplants was found under the canopy of non‐native forest. In every case, the distribution pattern varied with a highest density of plants in forest edges decreasing progressively toward the inside. Germination and early growth ofA. dealbatawere slow but successful at three low light intensities tested under controlled conditions. For all tested light regimes, we observed that in this species, most of the energy was dissipated by photochemical processes, in accordance with the high photosynthetic rates that this plant showed, despite the really low light intensities under which it was grown. Our study reveals thatA. dealbataexpressed shade tolerance traits under the canopy of native and non‐native forests. This behavior is supported by the efficient photosynthetic performance thatA. dealbatashowed at low light intensities. Therefore, these results suggest that Mediterranean forest ecosystems of South America can become progressively invaded byA. dealbataand provide a basis for estimating the possible impacts that this invasive species can cause in these ecosystems in a timescale.
Spatio‐temporal variation in European starling reproductive success at multiple small spatial scales
Authors: Brickhill Daisy , Evans Peter G.H. , Reid Jane M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUnderstanding population dynamics requires spatio‐temporal variation in demography to be measured across appropriate spatial and temporal scales. However, the most appropriate spatial scale(s) may not be obvious, few datasets cover sufficient time periods, and key demographic rates are often incompletely measured. Consequently, it is often assumed that demography will be spatially homogeneous within populations that lack obvious subdivision. Here, we quantify small‐scale spatial and temporal variation in a key demographic rate, reproductive success (RS), within an apparently contiguous population of European starlings. We used hierarchical cluster analysis to define spatial clusters of nest sites at multiple small spatial scales and long‐term data to test the hypothesis that small‐scale spatio‐temporal variation in RS occurred. RS was measured as the number of chicks alive ca. 12 days posthatch either per first brood or per nest site per breeding season (thereby incorporating multiple breeding attempts). First brood RS varied substantially among spatial clusters and years. Furthermore, the pattern of spatial variation was stable across years; some nest clusters consistently produced more chicks than others. Total seasonal RS also varied substantially among spatial clusters and years. However, the magnitude of variation was much larger and the pattern of spatial variation was no longer temporally consistent. Furthermore, the estimated magnitude of spatial variation in RS was greater at smaller spatial scales. We thereby demonstrate substantial spatial, temporal, and spatio‐temporal variation in RS occurring at very small spatial scales. We show that the estimated magnitude of this variation depended on spatial scale and that spatio‐temporal variation would not have been detected if season‐long RS had not been measured. Such small‐scale spatio‐temporal variation should be incorporated into empirical and theoretical treatments of population dynamics.
Deletional and regulatory mechanisms coalesce to drive transplantation tolerance through mixed chimerism
Authors: Hock Karin , Mahr Benedikt , Schwarz Christoph , Wekerle Thomas 
Published: July 2015

Establishing donor‐specific immunological tolerance could improve long‐term outcome by obviating the need for immunosuppressive drug therapy, which is currently required to control alloreactivity after organ transplantation. Mixed chimerism is defined as the engraftment of donor hematopoietic stem cells in the recipient, leading to viable coexistence of both donor and recipient leukocytes. In numerous experimental models, cotransplantation of donor bone marrow (BM) into preconditioned (e.g., through irradiation or cytotoxic drugs) recipients leads to transplantation tolerance through (mixed) chimerism. Mixed chimerism offers immunological advantages for clinical translation; pilot trials have established proof of concept by deliberately inducing tolerance in humans. Widespread clinical application is prevented, however, by the harsh preconditioning currently necessary for permitting BM engraftment. Recently, the immunological mechanisms inducing and maintaining tolerance in experimental mixed chimerism have been defined, revealing a more prominent role for regulation than historically assumed. The evidence from murine models suggests that both deletional and regulatory mechanisms are critical in promoting complete tolerance, encompassing also the minor histocompatibility antigens. Here, we review the current understanding of tolerance through mixed chimerism and provide an outlook on how to realize widespread clinical translation based on mechanistic insights gained from chimerism protocols, including cell therapy with polyclonal regulatory T cells.
Adoptive T‐cell therapy for cancer: The era of engineered T cells
Authors: Bonini Chiara , Mondino Anna 
Published: July 2015

Tumors originate from a number of genetic events that deregulate homeostatic mechanisms controlling normal cell behavior. The immune system, devoted to patrol the organism against pathogenic events, can identify transformed cells, and in several cases cause their elimination. It is however clear that several mechanisms encompassing both central and peripheral tolerance limit antitumor immunity, often resulting into progressive diseases. Adoptive T‐cell therapy with either allogeneic or autologous T cells can transfer therapeutic immunity. To date, genetic engineering of T cells appears to be a powerful tool for shaping tumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the most recent achievements in the areas of suicide gene therapy, and TCR‐modified T cells and chimeric antigen receptor gene‐modified T cells. We provide an overview of current strategies aimed at improving the safety and efficacy of these approaches, with an outlook on prospective developments.
Preparation of 1, 3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoylglycerol‐rich structured lipids from basa catfish oil: Combination of fractionation and enzymatic acidolysis
Authors: Zou Xiaoqiang , Jin Qingzhe , Guo Zheng , Huang Jianhua , Xu Xuebing , Wang Xingguo 
Published: July 2015

1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoylglycerol (OPO)‐rich structured lipids were successfully prepared from basa catfish oil by a two‐step process, namely, fractionation to enrich triacylglycerol (TAG) fractions with high content of sn‐2 palmitic acid and Lipozyme RM IM‐catalyzed acidolysis of the fractionated products with free fatty acids from high oleic acid sunflower oil to increase the content of OPO. In the first step, the content of sn‐2 palmitic acid of solid fraction was increased from 49.34 to 60.42% after programmed temperature treatment of basa catfish oil at 60°C for 30 min followed by 30°C for 12 h. In the second step, the solid fraction was used for transesterification with the fatty acids from high oleic acid sunflower oil and the conditions selected for acidolysis reactions were as follows: substrate molar ratio, 1:6 (fatty acids/solid fat); enzyme load, 12 wt%; reaction temperature, 50°C; and reaction time, 2 h. Under these conditions, the contents of sn‐2 plamitic acid and sn‐1, 3 oleic acid were 57.80 and 79.21%, respectively, and the content of POO was increased from 20.13% in the basa catfish oil to 43.80% in the enzymatic product, which indicated high content of OPO.Practical applications: Basa catfish oil is a type of newly discovered oil occurring in nature with similar fatty acid composition and distribution to human milk fat. Preparation of OPO‐rich structured lipids from basa catfish oil is a new method which is important for development of human milk fat substitutes. This process for OPO‐rich structured lipid preparation practically developed by combination of dry fractionation and enzymatic acidolysis has great potential for use in infant formula industry.Basa catfish oil was found to have similar triacylglycerol (TAG) structure to that of human milk fat. The oil was used to produce OPO‐rich structured lipids via a two‐step approach. The first step is to enrich TAG fractions with palmitic acid (PA) at sn‐2 position by low‐temperature fractionation, and the second step is to incorporate more oleic acid (OA) in sn‐1, 3 positions of triacylglycerols by Lipozyme RM IM‐catalyzed acidolysis. The final product had 22.29% total PA, 58.43% PA at sn‐2 position, 80.16% OA at sn‐1, 3 positions, and the content of POO was 43.80%, which indicated high content of OPO.
Group‐based task‐oriented exercises aimed at managing kinesiophobia improved disability in chronic low back pain
Authors: Monticone M. , Ambrosini E. , Rocca B. , Cazzaniga D. , Liquori V. , Foti C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere are still doubts concerning the clinical impact of multidisciplinary cognitive behavioural rehabilitation programmes conducted in group‐based settings and about their long‐term effects on subjects with chronic low back pain (CLBP). This randomized, parallel‐group superiority‐controlled trial aimed at evaluating the effect of such a programme on disability, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, pain and quality of life in CLBP.MethodsOne hundred and fifty patients were randomly assigned to a 5‐week group‐based multidisciplinary programme of task‐oriented exercises integrated with cognitive behavioural therapy mainly aimed at managing kinesiophobia (experimental group, 75 subjects) or group‐based traditional exercises (control group, 75 subjects). Before treatment, 5 weeks later (post‐treatment), 12 and 24 months after the end of treatment, the Oswestry Disability Index, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, a pain Numerical Rating Scale and the Short Form Health Survey were assessed. A linear mixed model for repeated measures was used for each outcome measure.ResultsSignificant group (p < 0.001), time (p < 0.001) and time‐by‐group interaction (p < 0.001) effects were found on disability, with a between‐group difference (95% confidence interval) after training in favour of the experimental group of −10 (−12; −8). Also kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, pain, and quality of life improved to a significantly greater extent in the experimental group. The improvements of the experimental group were maintained at follow‐ups.ConclusionThis light group‐based multidisciplinary cognitive behavioural rehabilitation programme was superior to traditional exercises in reducing disability, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, and enhancing the quality of life of subjects with CLBP. The effects lasted for at least 2 years after the end of the intervention.
Cross-species comparison of relative potencies and relative sensitivities of fishes to dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls in vitro
Authors: Eisner Bryanna K. , Doering Jon A. , Beitel Shawn C. , Wiseman Steve , Raine Jason C. , Hecker Markus 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Dioxin-like compounds of varying toxicities are found in complex mixtures. The toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach was developed based on the potency of a dioxin-like compound relative to the potency of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to streamline risk assessment. One limitation of the TEF approach is uncertainty regarding differences in the relative potency of dioxin-like compounds among different species. Relative potencies among fishes are limited, relative to relative potencies among birds and mammals, and TEFs for fishes are based entirely on the model species, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). An in vitro liver explant assay was used to characterize species-specific responses with regard to up-regulation of CYP1A transcript after exposure to 6 dioxin-like compounds in rainbow trout, white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), and northern pike (Esox lucius). Differences in sensitivities were observed among species after exposure to dioxin-like compounds. The relative potencies developed from liver explants of rainbow trout were comparable to relative potencies developed from embryo toxicity assays. Differences in relative potencies between species with the least and greatest relative potencies were up to 40-fold. To compare relative potencies among species, concentrations of dioxin-like compounds in fish eggs in the Fraser River and in Lake Ontario were used to calculate toxic equivalency quotients (TEQs) determined from TEFs or TCDD equivalents determined from relative potencies. The TEQs underestimated TCDD equivalents for white sturgeon, lake sturgeon, and northern pike, indicating uncertainty in application of TEFs to diverse fishes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:173–181. © 2015 SETAC