bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compromised fidelity of endocytic synaptic vesicle protein sorting in the absence of stonin 2
Authors: Kononenko Natalia L. , Diril M. Kasim , Puchkov Dmytro , Kintscher Michael , Koo Seong Joo , Pfuhl Gerit , Winter York , Wienisch Martin , Klingauf Jürgen , Breustedt Jörg , Schmitz Dietmar , Maritzen Tanja , Haucke Volker 
Published: January 2013

Significance
Brain function depends on neurotransmission, and alterations in this process are linked to neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurotransmitter release requires the rapid recycling of synaptic vesicles (SVs) by endocytosis. How synapses can rapidly regenerate SVs, yet preserve their molecular composition, is poorly understood. We demonstrate that mice lacking the endocytic protein stonin 2 (Stn2) show changes in exploratory behavior and defects in SV composition, whereas the speed at which SVs are regenerated is increased. As Stn2 is implicated in schizophrenia and autism in humans, our findings bear implications for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Manufacture of an aluminum rigid‐flex circuit assembly without the use of solder
Authors: Fjelstad Joseph 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a novel method for the manufacture of aluminum rigid‐flex circuit assemblies without the use of solder.Design/methodology/approachThe approach involves the use of an aluminum base material and the embedding of components, while avoiding the use of solder in the assembly process.FindingsThe new methods and proposed structures address the key manufacturing problems that have vexed users for many years, while simultaneously addressing the challenge of thermal management. They also offer the advantage of enhanced reliability by avoiding the need for high temperatures used in soldering.Research limitations/implicationsWhile examples of the process and its benefits have been demonstrated, further work is ongoing to expand applicability.Originality/valueThe paper begins with an overview of previous work in this area and then moves on to what is currently being implemented via the new technology. A novel method is described for the creation of potentially more cost‐effective and reliable rigid flex assemblies, which would be suitable for use in a wide range of products, from consumer to high‐reliability automotive, military and aerospace.
Development of new laminates for high performance interconnection technology in avionics applications
Authors: Raghunath C.R. , Raghunath U. , Yeshaswini H.S. , Rashmi H. 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to detail various aspects of laminates and their current developments in order to enable the selection and development of appropriate laminate systems for use in high performance avionics interconnection applications.Design/methodology/approachElectronic packaging must provide circuit support, heat dissipation, signal distribution, manufacturability, serviceability, power distribution and data for performance simulation over the required frequency range in avionics applications. Innovations in packaging technology have made a big impact on the types of laminates that can be used in printed circuit boards destined for these applications. The “environments” in which aircraft are required to operate have changed due to global security threats and the laminates traditionally used are not designed for this role. Aircraft systems are expected to withstand disturbances due to unexpected threats. Various factors which determine the performance of laminates are evaluated.FindingsThe safety of aircraft is critically dependent on the interconnection technology in which laminates have a major role. Under global security threats, passenger safety, emergency landing and timely information to the pilot is of paramount importance. Hence, research programs need to be initiated to develop new innovative laminate systems, since traditional laminates have limitations in these applications.Research limitations/implicationsThe availability of data on the performance of laminates used in interconnection technology under various security threats is limited.Originality/valueThe paper describes how new laminates for high performance interconnection technology in avionics applications can be developed.
Global alcohol exposure estimates by country, territory and region for 2005—a contribution to the Comparative Risk Assessment for the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Shield Kevin D. , Rylett Margaret , Gmel Gerhard , Gmel Gerrit , Kehoe‐Chan Tara A. K. , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of life‐time abstainers, former drinkers and current drinkers, adult per‐capita consumption of alcohol and pattern of drinking scores, by country and Global Burden of Disease region for 2005, and to forecast these indicators for 2010.DesignStatistical modelling based on survey data and routine statistics.Setting and ParticipantsA total of 241 countries and territories.MeasurementsPer‐capita consumption data were obtained with the help of the World Health Organization's Global Information System on Alcohol and Health. Drinking status data were obtained from Gender, Alcohol and Culture: An International Study, the STEPwise approach to Surveillance study, the World Health Survey/Multi‐Country Study and other surveys. Consumption and drinking status data were triangulated to estimate alcohol consumption across multiple categories.FindingsIn 2005 adult per‐capita annual consumption of alcohol was 6.1 litres, with 1.7 litres stemming from unrecorded consumption; 17.1 litres of alcohol were consumed per drinker, 45.8% of all adults were life‐time abstainers, 13.6% were former drinkers and 40.6% were current drinkers. Life‐time abstention was most prevalent in North Africa/Middle East and South Asia. Eastern Europe and Southern sub‐Saharan Africa had the most detrimental pattern of drinking scores, while drinkers in Europe (Eastern and Central) and sub‐Saharan Africa (Southern and West) consumed the most alcohol.ConclusionsJust over 40% of the world's adult population consumes alcohol and the average consumption per drinker is 17.1 litres per year. However, the prevalence of abstention, level of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking vary widely across regions of the world.
Pharmacological potential of biogenic amine–polyamine interactions beyond neurotransmission
Authors: Sánchez‐Jiménez F , Ruiz‐Pérez M V , Urdiales J L , Medina M A 
Published: January 2013

Histamine, serotonin and dopamine are biogenic amines involved in intercellular communication with multiple effects on human pathophysiology. They are products of two highly homologous enzymes, histidine decarboxylase and l‐aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, and transmit their signals through different receptors and signal transduction mechanisms. Polyamines derived from ornithine (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are mainly involved in intracellular effects related to cell proliferation and death mechanisms. This review summarizes structural and functional evidence for interactions between components of all these amine metabolic and signalling networks (decarboxylases, transporters, oxidases, receptors etc.) at cellular and tissue levels, distinct from nervous and neuroendocrine systems, where the crosstalk among these amine‐related components can also have important pathophysiological consequences. The discussion highlights aspects that could help to predict and discuss the effects of intervention strategies.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on Histamine Pharmacology Update. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.170.issue‐1
Distinguishing ecological from evolutionary approaches to transposable elements
Authors: Linquist Stefan , Saylor Brent , Cottenie Karl , Elliott Tyler A. , Kremer Stefan C. , Ryan Gregory T. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTConsiderable variation exists not only in the kinds of transposable elements (TEs) occurring within the genomes of different species, but also in their abundance and distribution. Noting a similarity to the assortment of organisms among ecosystems, some researchers have called for an ecological approach to the study of transposon dynamics. However, there are several ways to adopt such an approach, and it is sometimes unclear what an ecological perspective will add to the existing co‐evolutionary framework for explaining transposon‐host interactions. This review aims to clarify the conceptual foundations of transposon ecology in order to evaluate its explanatory prospects. We begin by identifying three unanswered questions regarding the abundance and distribution of TEs that potentially call for an ecological explanation. We then offer an operational distinction between evolutionary and ecological approaches to these questions. By determining the amount of variance in transposon abundance and distribution that is explained by ecological and evolutionary factors, respectively, it is possible empirically to assess the prospects for each of these explanatory frameworks. To illustrate how this methodology applies to a concrete example, we analyzed whole‐genome data for one set of distantly related mammals and another more closely related group of arthropods. Our expectation was that ecological factors are most informative for explaining differences among individual TE lineages, rather than TE families, and for explaining their distribution among closely related as opposed to distantly related host genomes. We found that, in these data sets, ecological factors do in fact explain most of the variation in TE abundance and distribution among TE lineages across less distantly related host organisms. Evolutionary factors were not significant at these levels. However, the explanatory roles of evolution and ecology become inverted at the level of TE families or among more distantly related genomes. Not only does this example demonstrate the utility of our distinction between ecological and evolutionary perspectives, it further suggests an appropriate explanatory domain for the burgeoning discipline of transposon ecology. The fact that ecological processes appear to be impacting TE lineages over relatively short time scales further raises the possibility that transposons might serve as useful model systems for testing more general hypotheses in ecology.
Assessment of Subendocardial Contractile Function in Aortic Stenosis: A Study Using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: van Dalen Bas M. , Tzikas Apostolos , Soliman Osama I. I. , Heuvelman Helena J. , Vletter Wim B. , ten Cate Folkert J. , Geleijnse Marcel L. 
Published: January 2013

Background: Angina and an electrocardiographic strain pattern are potential manifestations of subendocardial ischemia in aortic stenosis (AS). Left ventricular (LV) twist is known to increase proportionally to the severity of AS, which may be a result of loss of the inhibiting effect of the subendocardial fibers due to subendocardial dysfunction. It has also been shown that the ratio of LV twist to circumferential shortening of the endocardium (twist‐to‐shortening ratio [TSR]) is a reliable parameter of subendocardial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these markers are increased in AS patients with angina and/or electrocardiographic strain. Methods: The study comprised 60 AS patients with an aortic valve area <2.0 cm2 and LV ejection fraction >50%, and 30 healthy—for age and gender matched—control subjects. LV rotation parameters were determined by speckle tracking echocardiography. Results: Comparison of patients without angina and strain (n = 22), with either angina or strain (n = 28), and with both angina and strain (n = 8), showed highest peak systolic LV apical rotation, peak systolic LV twist, and TSR, in patients with more signs of subendocardial ischemia. In a multivariate linear regression model, only severity of AS and the presence of angina and/or strain could be identified as independent predictors of peak systolic LV twist and TSR. Conclusions: Peak systolic LV twist and TSR are increased in AS patients and related to the severity of AS and symptoms (angina) or electrocardiographic signs (strain) compatible with subendocardial ischemia.
Ultimate and proximate mechanisms underlying the occurrence of bears close to human settlements: review and management implications
Authors: Elfström Marcus , Zedrosser Andreas , Støen Ole‐Gunnar , Swenson Jon E. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Large carnivores (LCs), such as bears (Ursidae), are commonly believed to occur near human settlements because they have a learned tolerance of humans (human habituation) and because they associate humans with accessible high‐quality foods (food conditioning). Young bears and females with cubs are often overrepresented among ‘problem’ bears near settlements.
We review the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of brown and black bears (Ursus arctos, Ursus americanus, Ursus thibetanus) near settlements, and consider four hypotheses designed to separate ultimate and proximate mechanisms.
Increased occurrence of bears near people or settlements can be explained by (i) the human habituation hypothesis; increased use of human‐derived foods can be explained by (ii) the food‐conditioning hypothesis. However, both mechanisms are proximate, because they can only apply if bears have earlier experience of people and/or human‐derived food.
A lack of human experience can explain the increased occurrence of younger bears near people or settlements: (iii) the naivety hypothesis. This is a proximate mechanism, because movements of naive bears are typically triggered by aggression and/or competition among conspecifics.
We conclude that the disproportionate occurrence of bears in certain sex, age and reproductive classes near people or settlements can only be explained by predation avoidance and/or interference competition, i.e. by (iv) the despotic distribution hypothesis. Therefore, a despotic distribution must be an ultimate mechanism causing the proximate mechanisms of habituation or conditioning. Thus, bears using settlements as predation refuges should not be considered ‘unnatural’, but rather as exhibiting an adaptive behaviour, because of the despotic distribution among conspecifics.
Management of LCs includes attractant management, to counteract food conditioning, but failure to consider despotic behaviour among conspecifics may lead to treating only the symptom, e.g. habituation or conditioning. The ultimate cause of attraction to specific settlements may be identified by considering the type of bear involved; the occurrence of large solitary bears near settlements suggests attractive habitat or food shortage in remote areas, whereas subadults and females with cubs suggest lower‐quality habitat.
Self‐advocacy and cancer: a concept analysis
Authors: Hagan Teresa L. , Donovan Heidi S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of self‐advocacy among individuals with cancer to clarify its meaning, to differentiate this meaning with related concepts, and to unify understanding of the concept in cancer research and practice.BackgroundCancer survivors are increasingly required to assume an active role in their health care. A thorough analysis of how survivors advocate for themselves is a crucial aspect in supporting survivors' ability to engage and manage their care throughout all stages of cancer survivorship.DesignWalker and Avant's eight‐step process of conducting a concept analysis was used.Data sourcesPubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched for articles, reviews, editorials, and grey literature directly addressing self‐advocacy.Review methodsA broad inquiry into the literature from 1960 to 2012 that produces a definition of self‐advocacy. Model and contrary cases of self‐advocacy demonstrate the concept's application and intricacies.ResultsAntecedents to self‐advocacy include particular personal characteristics, learned skills, and attainable support. The essential element of self‐advocacy and what differentiates it from related concepts, is the internalization of these antecedent resources into self‐advocacy thoughts and actions while incorporating personal values and priorities in a way that upholds the survivors' goals and beliefs. A full realization of self‐advocacy facilitates a cancer survivor attaining a strong self‐concept, sense of control, and adaptation to a life with cancer.ConclusionsSelf‐advocacy is a process of internalizing skills and resources to act in a way that supports survivors' needs and goals.
Patterns of Functional Decline in Hospice: What Can Individuals and Their Families Expect?
Authors: Harris Pamela , Wong Esther , Farrington Sue , Craig Teresa R. , Harrold Joan K. , Oldanie Betty , Teno Joan M. , Casarett David J. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesTo describe the trajectory of functional decline after an individual is referred to hospice.DesignElectronic health record–based retrospective cohort study.SettingThree hospice programs in the U.S. southeast, northeast, and midwest.ParticipantsIndividuals in hospice.Main outcome measuresPalliative Performance Scale (PPS) scores measured at intervals between hospice enrollment and death, on a scale from 10 to 100.ResultsIn 8,669 decedents, there was an average 13.8‐point decline in PPS score. After adjusting for baseline PPS score and length of stay in hospice, three distinct trajectories were identified, each of which consisted of two diagnoses whose rates of decline had 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that overlapped. The most rapid decline was observed for individuals with cancer (adjusted decline 8.44 points/wk; 95% CI = 8.03–8.82) and stroke (adjusted decline 7.67 points/wk, 95% CI = 7.08–8.29). A significantly slower decline was observed in individuals with pulmonary disease (adjusted decline 5.02 points/wk, 95% CI = 4.24–5.75) and cardiac disease (adjusted decline 4.53 points/wk, 95% CI = 4.05–5.05). Individuals with debility (adjusted decline 1.86 points/wk, 95% CI = 0.95–2.78) and dementia (adjusted decline 1.98 points/wk, 95% CI = 1.01–2.89) had the slowest decline. In an inverse probability–weighted sample of individuals who had a PPS score recorded in the last day of life (n = 1,959, 22.6%), 35.9% had a PPS score of at least 40, indicating some oral intake, variable mental status, limited self‐care, and an ability to get out of bed for at least part of the day.ConclusionAlthough functional status generally declines in individuals in hospice, this decline is heterogeneous. Some individuals retain some physical and cognitive function until the last day of life.
Career development: graduate nurse views
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Horsfall Jan , Muthulakshmi Paulpandi , Happell Brenda , Hunt Glenn E 
Published: January 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore recent Singapore nursing graduates' experience of and views about their career development and progress.BackgroundThe recruitment and retention of an adequate number of registered nurses is a continuing workforce issue in Singapore and other major cities.DesignSurvey of recent nursing graduates.MethodsRecent nursing graduates from the Bachelor programme (n = 147) were sent an individual survey; a response rate of 54% was achieved.ResultsFindings show that nurses rated their self‐concept in a positive manner and were most satisfied (moderately to very) with helping patients and providing effective care, and the level of patient involvement. They were least satisfied (moderately to only a little) with prestige among the general medical community and the general public, hours of work, lifestyle factors and research opportunities. The following four factors were identified as significant impediments to career development; lack of support in the work place; perceived insufficient clinical career development opportunities; excessive work hours; and limited access to merit‐based places in further education.ConclusionsSuggestions made to overcome perceived career development barriers are as follows: broad multifactorial healthcare system changes; decreased and more flexible working hours; and fairer access to further clinical and higher education.Relevance to clinical practiceResults highlight the value clinical nurses place on having access to career development opportunities, merit‐based further education and work place supports. These factors also have the potential to influence patient care and impact on the retention of nurses in their present job and satisfaction with their nursing career.
Adapted Intervention Mapping: A Strategic Planning Process for Increasing Physical Activity and Healthy Eating Opportunities in Schools via Environment and Policy Change
Authors: Belansky Elaine S. , Cutforth Nick , Chavez Robert , Crane Lori A. , Waters Emily , Marshall Julie A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool environment and policy changes have increased healthy eating and physical activity; however, there has been modest success in translating research findings to practice. The School Environment Project tested whether an adapted version of Intervention Mapping (AIM) resulted in school change.METHODSUsing a pair randomized design, 10 rural elementary schools were assigned to AIM or the School Health Index (SHI). Baseline measures were collected fall 2005, AIM was conducted 2005‐2006, and follow‐up measures were collected fall 2006 and 2007. Outcome measures included number and type of effective environment and policy changes implemented; process measures included the extent to which 11 implementation steps were used.RESULTSAIM schools made an average of 4.4 effective changes per school with 90% still in place a year later. SHI schools made an average of 0.6 effective changes with 66% in place a year later. Implementation steps distinguishing AIM from SHI included use of external, trained facilitators; principal involvement; explicitly stating the student behavior goals; identifying effective environment and policy changes; prioritizing potential changes based on importance and feasibility; and developing an action plan.CONCLUSIONThe AIM process led to environment and policy changes known to increase healthy eating and physical activity.