bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL WHOOPING COUGH OF NONHUMAN PRIMATE
Authors: Kubrava D. T. , Medkova A. Yu. , Sinyashina L. N. , Shevtsova Z. V. , Matua A. Z. , Kondzharia I. G. , Barkaya V. S. , Elistratova Zh. V. , Karataev G. I. , Mikvabia Z. Ya. , Gintsburg A. L. 
Published: August 2015

Despite considerable success in study of Bordetella pertussis virulence factors, pathogenesis of whooping cough, duration of B.pertussis bacteria persistence, types and mechanisms of immune response are still keep underinvestigated. It can be explained by the absence of adequate experimental animal model for pertussis study. Our study estimates clinical and laboratory parameters of whooping cough in non-human primates of the Old World in the process of intranasal infection by virulent B.pertussis bacteria. Also the duration of B.pertussis bacteria persistence in animals was investigated. 14 animal units of 4 species of non-human primates of the Old World were used for intranasal infection. The examination of infect animals included: visual exploration of nasopharynx, thermometry, clinical and biochemical blood analyses, identification of B.pertussis, using microbiologic and molecular genetic analyses, estimation of innate and adoptive immune factors. The development of infectious process was accompanied by generation of B.pertussis bacteria, catarrhal inflammation of nasopharyngeal mucosa, leucocytosis, hypoglycemia specific for pertussis, and activation of innate and adaptive immunity for all primates regardless of specie were seen. While repeated experimental infection in primates single bacterial colonies were registered during only first week after challenge. It occurs like the absence of inflammation of nasopharyngeal mucosa and the lack of laboratory marks of whooping cough, recorded after first challenge. The evident booster effect of humoral immunity was observed. As a model for investigation of B. pertussis bacteria persistence and immune response against whooping cough we suggest the usage of rhesus macaque as more available to experiments.
WORKING CONDITIONS АND MORTALITY AMONG MEN OF WORKING AGE IN RUSSIA (EXPERIENCE OF MURMANSK REGION)
Authors: Izmerov N. F. , Tikhonova G. I. , Gorchakova T. Yu. 
Published: August 2015

Objective: To study the mortality of the male population of working age in the industrial cities depending on the specifics of the town-forming enterprises. Materials and methods. In three cities in the Murmansk region, where the town -forming enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy (Monchegorsk, Kandalaksha) and the mining industry (Kirovsk) are located, the capital of the region (Murmansk), and in the country as a whole has been studied of mortality on average for 6-year period (2000-2005) age-standardized death rates (direct method). Results. Comparative analysis of the causes and death rates in males of working age has shown that in all the studied cities of Murmansk region there were higher death rates in men of working age from diseases of the circulatory system (in 1,3–2,0 times) and diseases of the respiratory system (in 1,1–1,8 times) in comparison with Russia. In industrial cities, compared with Murmansk, higher death rates of male population of working age from causes which etiologically are connected with harmful factors of manufacture have been registered: from cardiovascular diseases — in 1,1–1,5 times and respiratory diseases — in 1,2–1,6 times. In cities where non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises are located, concerning to cancerogenic, death rates from malignant neoplasms have been raised in 1,2–1,4 times. This happens, in particular, in Monchegorsk where Open Joint-Stock Company «Severonickel Combine» enterprise is located. Mortality from lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer raised in 1,8 times: the localization specific at influence of nickel.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE QUANTITATIVE IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY TESTS FOR SOMATIC DEASEASE MARKERS DETECTION
Authors: Tret'yakov S. I. , Basharova L. A. , Yarkov S. P. , Titov A. A. , Khramov E. N. 
Published: August 2015

The purpose of work was creation of quantative immunochromatographic tests (ICT) for measuring concentrations of the marker substance associated with somatic diseases: immunoglobulin Е (IgE), C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrin D-dimer in blood serum (plasma), which is carried out with the help of videodigital analyzers of domestic development "Reflecom" and "Zondaj". ICT were designed in "sandwich» format, using colloid gold and monoclonal antibodies. It is shown, that calibration curves received with the help of ICT and devices of videodigital registration, are well approximated by exponential dependence Y=Aexp(-x/B)+y0, where Y- device readings , х- analytes concentration, А, В, у0– constants. Samples of blood serum (plasma), under investigation received in conditions of a hospital from patients. Correlation with electrochemiluminescent immunoassay, enzyme linked immunoassay, latex-agglutinations assay and immunochromatographic method was observed. Sensitivity of the developed tests was- 7,5 IU/ML for IgE, 5,7 ng/ml for CRP, 500 ng/ml for fibrin D-dimer. The developed analytical complex- videodigital analyzer "Zondaj" and ICT for quantitative measure of concentration IgE, fibrin D-dimer and CRP- can be successfully applied in laboratory practice and clinical laboratory researches alongside with actual immunochemistry methods.
Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) electronic Informed Consent Form (eICF) is compliant and feasible in a clinical research setting
Authors: Frelich Matthew J. , Bosler Matthew E. , Gould Jon C. 
Published: August 2015

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Electronic consent for research has shown success in clinical trial models, but has not been rigorously evaluated as an alternative to conventional paper consent. We sought to design a 21 CFR Part 11 compliant iPad-based electronic Informed Consent Form (eICF) with Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). As a secondary aim, we sought to compare subject workload between eICF and paper consent groups.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective, randomized study of subjects who completed an iPad-based eICF versus paper consent for research. The eICF was designed with REDCap and presented on an iPad. Subject workload was measured with the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and subjective feedback in regards to consent process was collected.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 116 subjects were screened for consent. Of which, 51 (44%) subjects provided informed consent and completed all study related procedures. Twenty-five (49%) eICF and 26 (51%) paper consents were completed. The eICF group rated a significantly greater preference to use the eICF for future research studies (6.4±1.5) compared to the paper consent group (5.0±1.9), p&lt;0.01. There were no significant differences in NASA-TLX Weighted Scale or Total-TLX Scores between groups. One error resulted in the eICF group due to an inadvertent submission by a single subject.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In summary, we have demonstrated that an iPad-based eICF designed with REDCap is both 21 CFR Part 11 compliant and feasible in the clinical research setting. The eICF does not appear to be more technically difficult or demanding than conventional paper consent.</p>
Food Impaction and Periodontal/Peri‐Implant Tissue Conditions in Relation to the Embrasure Dimensions Between Implant‐Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses and Adjacent Teeth: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Jeong Jin‐Seok , Chang Moontaek 
Published: August 2015

Background:Food impaction and periodontal/peri‐implant tissue conditions were evaluated in relation to the embrasure dimensions between implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) and adjacent teeth.Methods:A total of 215 embrasures of 150 FDPs in 100 patients (55 males and 45 females, aged 27 to 83 years; mean age: 56 years) were included in the study. Clinical assessments of the periodontal/peri‐implant mucosal conditions, radiographic assessments of embrasure dimensions, and overall patient satisfaction were used as explanatory variables for the food impaction and periodontal/peri‐implant tissue conditions adjacent to implant‐supported FDPs in the generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis.Results:Food impaction was reported in 96 (44.7%) of 215 embrasures between implant‐supported FDPs and adjacent teeth. Food impaction was reported more frequently in the embrasures with proximal contact loss than in those with tight contact (P= 0.009). Overall patient satisfaction was influenced negatively by food impaction in the proximal embrasures (P= 0.01). Among embrasure dimensions, only the embrasure surface area (ESA) significantly influenced food impaction (P= 0.03). Significant influences of various embrasure dimensions on the periodontal/peri‐implant mucosal conditions and bone level at the implant were found in the univariate and multivariate GEE analyses.Conclusions:Food impaction between implant‐supported FDPs and adjacent teeth occurred more frequently when proximal contact was lost and ESA increased. Food impaction negatively affected overall patient satisfaction. Embrasure dimensions influenced the periodontal/peri‐implant mucosal conditions and bone level at the implant.
Community Health Worker Home Visits for Medicaid-Enrolled Children With Asthma: Effects on Asthma Outcomes and Costs
Authors: Campbell Jonathan D. , Brooks Marissa , Hosokawa Patrick , Robinson June , Song Lin , Krieger James 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We sought to estimate the return on investment of a streamlined version of an evidence-based community health worker (CHW) asthma home visit program. Methods. We used a randomized parallel group trial of home visits by CHWs to Medicaid-enrolled children with uncontrolled asthma versus usual care. Results. A total of 373 participants enrolled in the study (182 in the intervention group and 191 in the control group, of whom 154 and 179, respectively, completed the study). The intervention group had greater improvements in asthma symptom–free days (2.10 days more over 2 weeks; 95% CI =  1.17, 3.05; P < .001) and caretakers’ quality of life (0.43 units more; 95% CI = 0.20, 0.66; P < .001) and a larger reduction in urgent health care utilization events (1.31 events fewer over 12 months; 95% CI = −2.10, −0.52; P = .001). The intervention arm compared with the control arm saved $1340.92 for the $707.04 additional costs invested for the average participant. The return on investment was 1.90. Conclusions. A streamlined CHW asthma home visit program for children with uncontrolled asthma improved health outcomes and yielded a return on investment of 1.90.
The Rationalization of Unethical Research: Revisionist Accounts of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the New Zealand “Unfortunate Experiment”
Authors: Paul Charlotte , Brookes Barbara 
Published: August 2015

Two studies, widely condemned in the 1970s and 1980s—the Tuskegee study of men with untreated syphilis and the New Zealand study of women with untreated carcinoma in situ of the cervix—received new defenses in the 21st century. We noted remarkable similarities in both the studies and their defenses. Here we evaluate the scientific, political, and moral claims of the defenders. The scientific claims are largely based on incomplete or misinterpreted evidence and exaggeration of the uncertainties of science. The defenders’ political arguments mistakenly claim that identity politics clouded the original critiques; in fact such politics opened the eyes of the public to exploitation. The moral defenses demonstrate an overreliance on codes of conduct and have implications for research ethics today.
Disparities in Water and Sewer Services in North Carolina: An Analysis of the Decision-Making Process
Authors: Naman Julia Marie , Gibson Jacqueline MacDonald 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We examined the factors that affect access to municipal water and sewer service for unincorporated communities relying on wells and septic tanks. Methods. Using a multisite case study design, we conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with 25 key informants from 3 unincorporated communities in Hoke, New Hanover, and Transylvania counties, North Carolina, July through September 2013. Interviewees included elected officials, health officials, utility providers, and community members. We coded the interviews in ATLAS.ti to identify common themes. Results. Financing for water and sewer service emerged as the predominant factor that influenced decisions to extend these services. Improved health emerged as a minor factor, suggesting that local officials may not place a high emphasis on the health benefits of extending public water and sewer services. Awareness of failed septic systems in communities can prompt city officials to extend sewer service to these areas; however, failed systems are often underreported. Conclusions. Understanding the health costs and benefits of water and sewer extension and integrating these findings into the local decision-making process may help address disparities in access to municipal services.
Profiles of Food Security for US Farmworker Households and Factors Related to Dynamic of Change
Authors: Ip Edward H. , Saldana Santiago , Arcury Thomas A. , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Trejo Grisel , Quandt Sara A. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We recruited 248 farmworker families with preschool-aged children in North Carolina and examined food security indicators over 24 months to identify food security patterns and examine the dynamic of change over time.Methods. Participants in the Niños Sanos study, conducted 2011 to 2014, completed quarterly food security assessments. Based on responses to items in the US Household Food Security Survey Module, we identified different states of food security by using hidden Markov model analysis, and examined factors associated with different states. We delineated factors associated with changes in state by using mixed-effect ordinal logistic regression.Results. About half of the households (51%) consistently stayed in the most food-secure state. The least food-secure state was transient, with only 29% probability of this state for 2 consecutive quarters. Seasonal (vs migrant) work status, having immigration documents (vs not documented), and season predicted higher levels of food security.Conclusions. Heterogeneity in food security among farmworker households calls for tailoring intervention strategies. The transiency and unpredictability of low food security suggest that access to safety-net programs could reduce low food security risk in this population.
Declining Trends and Widening Disparities in Overweight and Obesity Prevalence Among Massachusetts Public School Districts, 2009–2014
Authors: Li Wenjun , Buszkiewicz James H. , Leibowitz Robert B. , Gapinski Mary Ann , Nasuti Laura J. , Land Thomas G. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We evaluated the overall and sociodemographic disparities in trends in prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Massachusetts public school districts between 2009 and 2014. Methods. In 2009, Massachusetts mandated annual screening of body mass index for students in grades 1, 4, 7, and 10. This was part of the statewide Mass in Motion prevention programs. We assessed trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity between 2009 and 2014 by district, gender, grade, and district income. Results. From 2009 to 2014, prevalence decreased 3.0 percentage points (from 34.3% to 31.3%) statewide. The 2014 district-level rates ranged from 13.9% to 54.5% (median = 31.2%). When stratified by grade, the decreasing trends were significant only for grades 1 and 4. Although rates of districts with a median household income greater than $37 000 improved notably, rates of the poorest remain unchanged and were approximately 40%. Conclusions. Although overall prevalence began to decrease, the geographic and socioeconomic disparities in childhood obesity are widening and remain a public health challenge in Massachusetts. Special efforts should be made to address the needs of socioeconomically disadvantaged districts and to narrow the disparities in childhood obesity.
Cryogenic Tanks Recertification: Case Study for Operational-Life Extension
Authors: Adamou Adib Soufiane 
Published: August 2015

Summary
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas are usually stored in especially-low-temperature tanks, with different design configurations developed in the industry that use steels with specified low-temperature properties. This paper provides an overview of these properties and the behavior of 9%-nickel-alloyed high-strength steels for low-temperature applications. These steels have been recognized by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers code for cryogenic use since 1954 and have been widely used for LNG storage in competition with stainless steel, other austenitic alloys, and aluminum. In fact, austenitic stainless steels are used in cryogenic applications and can be used for building smaller storage tanks, but large containment vessels are usually welded from 9%-nickel steel because of expense considerations. This technology is well-established worldwide, and the first part of this paper is focused on 9%-nickel steel, its properties, and its use in LNG storage tanks. The different LNG-tank-design generations and their particularities will be described. A general overview of LNG-tank failures recorded in the industry will also be presented.
Inspection, repair, and alteration of atmospheric tanks that are designed according to API Standard 650 (2007) are well-covered under API Standard 653 (2014), unlike the cryogenic tanks generally designed according to API Standard 620 (2013) or BS 7777-4:1993 (1993); no standard exists to cover the inspection and repair/alteration requirements (when applicable) to recertify these tanks.
This paper provides a benchmarking of different cryogenic tanks in terms of operation life and type of containment (single-containment vs. double-containment tanks) in the LNG industry. The different options adopted to recertify these tanks will be detailed.
ADGAS operates three double-walled tanks that are reaching their design life. A longevity study was undertaken to recertify the tanks on the basis of different studies and inspection/operation/maintenance history combined with the benchmarking developed for cryogenic tanks. ADGAS adopted a risk-assessment approach to recertify the LNG tanks operated since 1985. The approach and the main outcomes of this study will be presented.
Dispersive Mixing Performance Evaluation of Special Rotor Segments in an Intermeshing Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder by Using Weighted Probability Distributions
Authors: Yamada S. , Fukutani K. , Yamaguchi K. , Funahashi H. , Ebata K. , Uematsu H. , Tanoue S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruder is widely used for producing polymer composites. In order to satisfy properties of the composites, it is important to understand mixing performance of segments. In this study, we discussed mixing performance of special rotor segments commercially named VCMT (various clearance mixing technology) by using a numerical analysis method. The several tip clearances of VCMT work for achievement of both self-cleaning and effective mixing. We adopted a particle tracking method to obtain the following two evaluation indices; 1) residence time for the evaluation of its uniformity and 2) maximum 1st principal stress for the evaluation of dispersive mixing. And we evaluated mixing performance of VCMT by using probability distributions of each index. Moreover, we proposed weighted probability distributions as theoretically better evaluation. The probability distributions of VCMT were compared with those of two kinds of kneading disk segments (KDs). From the comparison, it was found that the probability of VCMT in large 1st principal stress region is higher than those of KDs. As a conclusion, VCMT has better mixing performance than KDs for the geometries and operating conditions that were investigated.
Impact of Humid Environment on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Biobased Polylactide
Authors: Jaszkiewicz A. , Bledzki A. K. , Meljon A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The study focused on the material behavior of two commercial polylactide grades affected by structural changes due to exposure to humid environment. Additionally, the impact of temperature and environment humidity on the moisture uptake and drying process of polymer granulate was examined to evaluate the necessary pre-treatment conditions prior to the polylactide processing. Also some process relevant aspects, such as the impact of polymer pre-drying on its degradation were characterised. In the first part of the experimental work, moisture absorption mechanisms in relation to conditioning parameters were investigated using Karl Fischer titration method. It was shown that the moisture uptake rate correlates with temperature and humidity of the environment. Furthermore, the drying process of polylactide pellets was conducted and analysed by additional melt flow rate measurements to determine the effect of drying conditions on the premature polymer degradation and melt properties. Investigated polymers demonstrated rheological behavior dependent not only on the residual moisture content, but also on drying temperature and time. In the last section of the study flexural and tensile tests were performed in order to determine the influence of moisture uptake on the characteristics of conditioned polylactide. Mechanical strength of polylactide decreased in both, flexural and tensile tests with increasing moisture content in the samples. Moreover, distinctive differences in polylactide mechanical behavior were observed in both tests.
Influence of synoptic atmospheric conditions on movement of individual sea-ice floes in Fram Strait, late summer 2010
Authors: King Jennifer A. , Bigg Grant R. , Hall Richard 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the effect on sea-ice movement of changes in the synoptic atmospheric conditions in late boreal summer 2010. Our study area is the western Fram Strait, a crucial passage for the transport of ice out of the Arctic basin. Ice dynamics here affect the movement of ice in the East Greenland Current, the transpolar drift and ice extent in the Arctic Ocean. In contrast to other times of the year, when the Fram Strait wind field is characterized by strong, persistent northerlies, we show that the weaker, more variable winds typical during late summer for the Fram Strait can slow movement of ice floes out of the area, thus slowing the export of ice from the Arctic Ocean at the end of summer, a time crucial for ice export. The Arctic Ocean could lose even more of the ice that survives the summer if this was not the case. This would leave the Arctic Ocean in an even more vulnerable position with regard to the amount of multi-year ice remaining the following summer.
Deconstructing Solar Photovoltaic Pricing: The Role of Market Structure, Technology, and Policy
Authors: Gillingham Kenneth , Deng Hao , Wiser Ryan , Darghouth Naim , Nemet Gregory , Barbose Galen , Rai Varun , Dong Changgui 
Published: August 2015

Solar photovoltaic (PV) system prices in the United States display considerable heterogeneity both across geographic locations and within a given location. Such heterogeneity may arise due to state and federal policies, differences in market structure, and other factors that influence demand and costs. This paper examines the relative importance of such factors on equilibrium solar PV system prices in the United States using a detailed dataset of roughly 100,000 recent residential and small commercial installations. As expected, we find that PV system prices differ based on characteristics of the systems. More interestingly, we find evidence suggesting that search costs and imperfect competition affect solar PV pricing. Installer density substantially lowers prices, while regions with relatively generous financial incentives for solar PV are associated with higher prices.