bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain-rate-dependent microplane model for high-rate comminution of concrete under impact based on kinetic energy release theory
Authors: Kirane Kedar , Su Yewang , Bažant Zdeněk P. 
Published: October 2015

The apparent increase of strength of concrete at very high strain rates experienced in projectile impact (10 s
−1
to 10
6
s
−1
), called ‘dynamic overstress’, has recently been explained by the theory of release of local kinetic energy of shear strain rate in finite size particles about to form. This theory gives the particle size and the additional kinetic energy density that must be dissipated in finite-element codes. In previous research, it was dissipated by additional viscosity, in a model partly analogous to turbulence theory. Here it is dissipated by scaling up the material strength. Microplane model M7 is used and its stress–strain boundaries are scaled up by factors proportional to the −4/3rd power of the effective deviatoric strain rate and its time derivative. The crack band model with a random tetrahedral mesh is used and all the artificial damping is eliminated. The scaled M7 model is seen to predict the crater shapes and exit velocities of projectiles penetrating concrete walls of different thicknesses as closely as the previous models. The choice of the finite strain threshold for element deletion criterion, which can have a big effect, is also studied. It is proposed to use the highest threshold above which a further increase has a negligible effect.
Deep neural networks: a new framework for modelling biological vision and brain information processing
Authors: Kriegeskorte Nikolaus 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTRecent advances in neural network modelling have enabled major strides in computer vision and other artificial intelligence applications. Human-level visual recognition abilities are coming within reach of artificial systems. Artificial neural networks are inspired by the brain and their computations could be implemented in biological neurons. Convolutional feedforward networks, which now dominate computer vision, take further inspiration from the architecture of the primate visual hierarchy. However, the current models are designed with engineering goals and not to model brain computations. Nevertheless, initial studies comparing internal representations between these models and primate brains find surprisingly similar representational spaces. With human-level performance no longer out of reach, we are entering an exciting new era, in which we will be able to build neurobiologically faithful feedforward and recurrent computational models of how biological brains perform high-level feats of intelligence, including vision.
Long exposure test in air, conducted on super-lattice coatings at 850°C for 4,000 hours
Authors: Dudziak Tomasz Pawel , Du Hailiang , Datta Prasanta 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to investigate the high-temperature behavior of newly developed high-impulse power magnetron sputtering system (HIPIMS) coatings and compare them to the standard TiAlCr system deposited on to a Ti–Al intermetallic alloy. The corrosion test was performed in air for 4,000 hours at 850°C.Design/methodology/approach– In this study, air oxidation test was performed at high temperature. Design and methodology is described in detail in the methodology section in the submitted manuscript. The test was carried out by discontinuous exposure of the three different systems produced by different deposition technique. The exposed samples were investigated using scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The exposed samples were investigated from the surface and cross-sections.Findings– The performed study shows that HIPIMS coatings had a much better oxidation resistance at a high temperature than that offered by the standard physical vapor deposition (PVD) system. HIPIMS costing developed Al–Cr oxide on the surface; however, cracks and detachments were found at the interface between the coating and the substrate. TiAlCr coating spalled off from the material due to the critical thickness reached; moreover, high brittleness and lack of adherence were found. Due to poor oxidation resistance, TiAlCr coating was discarded from the test after 3,000 hours of exposure.Originality/value– The work performed in this study was designed for 4,000 hours oxidation at 850°C. The long-term exposures are not commonly met in the research work due to the cost and time. The work clearly shows differences between new type of coatings and standard PVD system applied on TiAl lightweight alloy.
Child and family social workers’ experiences of working with parents with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Lewis Claire , Stenfert-Kroese Biza , O'Brien Alex 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– While an increasing number of adults with an intellectual disability are having children, research suggests that they face an increased risk of having their children removed. The purpose of this paper is to explore child and family social workers’ experiences of working with parents with intellectual disability, in order to further our understanding of this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
– Seven social workers were interviewed. Each had experience of working on safeguarding cases where a parent had a diagnosis of intellectual disability. Data were analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis.

Findings
– Five super-ordinate themes were identified. These were: “feeling torn,” “experiencing a power imbalance,” “hopelessness,” having “pride” in their work’ and experiencing “barriers.”

Research limitations/implications
– The results are discussed in the context of the increased risk that parents with an intellectual disability face of having their children removed. Several areas for future research are identified.

Practical implications
– The study highlights several areas for development regarding services for parents with intellectual disability.

Originality/value
– The study describes some of the difficulties experienced by social workers in this area of their work, from their own perspective. It also strengthens existing ideas about improving services for parents with intellectual disability.
Position varying MEC-based investigation of the no-load operation of T-LPMSMs
Authors: Zouaghi Mohamed Wael , Souissi Amal , Abdennadher Imen , Masmoudi Ahmed 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to deal with the investigation of no-load operation of tubular linear permanent magnet synchronous machines (T-LPMSMs). It is aimed at the prediction of the phase flux linkages, the back-EMF and the cogging force using a position varying magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC).

Design/methodology/approach
– This study is based on the elaboration and the resolution of the position varying MEC, and the utilization of its results for the prediction of the phase flux linkages, the back-EMF and the cogging force, considering a general topology of T-LPMSMs. Then, a case study is treated with a position varying MEC-based investigation of its no-load features. These are validated by a 2-D finite element analysis (FEA).

Findings
– It has been found that the developed position varying MEC can be regarded as an accurate tool that requires a low CPU-time.

Research limitations/implications
– Beyond the FEA validation, this work should be extended to an experimental one. Moreover, the position varying MEC validity should be extended to load operation in order to enable the prediction of the force production capability.

Practical implications
– The developed position varying MEC could be suitably used for the pre-design of T-LPMSMs. These are currently given an increasing attention in many applications, such as wave energy conversion and free-piston engines.

Originality/value
– The paper proposes a position varying MEC for the prediction of the features of T-LPMSMs.
Broken bar and end-ring faults: analysis of their effects on the rotor cage currents
Authors: Mesbeh Amina , Jarboui Marwen , Masmoudi Ahmed 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of different faulty scenarios on the induction motor (IM) operation with emphasis on the currents in the rotor bar and end rings.

Design/methodology/approach
– The modeling of the IM followed by a graphical representation-based analysis of the rotor steady-state currents under healthy operation is treated. Then, a case study is considered in order to investigate different faulty scenarios with a focus on the rotor cage currents.

Findings
– It has been found that the rotor faults greatly affect the currents in the bars and in the end rings both in amplitude and in harmonic content. These vary according to the relative positions with respect to the fault such that: the currents in the bars adjacent to the faulty one(s) have the highest amplitudes with the lowest harmonic content; and the ones in the ring portions adjacent to the faulty one have the lowest amplitudes with the highest harmonic content.

Research limitations/implications
– Although the simulated model has confirmed the well known IM behavior under healthy operation, it would be appreciated if the obtained results under faulty operation would be validated by finite element analysis.

Practical implications
– It is of great interest to investigate the effects of faulty scenarios on the rotor cage currents, in order to take appropriate actions starting from the design of the IM.

Originality/value
– A deep investigation (including the waveforms, the phasor diagrams and the harmonic content) of the effects of different faulty scenarios on the IM rotor cage currents represents the major contribution of this work.
Impact of technical power take-off constraints on the power extraction of unidirectional and bidirectional point absorbers
Authors: Bozzetto Alessandro , Spro Ole Christian , Tedeschi Elisabetta 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to quantify the impact of the constraints of the power take-off system (PTO) on the power extraction of a point absorber wave energy converter (WEC). Such constraints include power, torque and maximum stroke limitations. Two different concepts, unidirectional and bidirectional point absorbers, are analysed, which both are relevant for practical applications in the wave energy industry.Design/methodology/approach– The two different cases of unidirectional and bidirectional point absorbers are analysed and directly compared. Moreover, a simplified control strategy is considered for the point absorber, which is based on a constant torque reference. The WEC performance is first evaluated in selected sea states and then the analysis is extended to assess the impact of the different solutions on the expected yearly wave energy production of the point absorber, when deployed at a specific location. The European Marine Energy Center (EMEC) is selected as the target site for the analysis.Findings– The analysis was performed in selected sea states and then it was extended to all the sea conditions occurring at the EMEC test site. The comparison between unidirectional and bidirectional operated devices suggested a clear superiority of the latter, ensuring similar power extraction at the expense of a halved required torque by the PTO. Moreover, a selective control strategy was implemented, and the results showed an increase in yearly energy production for the bidirectional device.Research limitations/implications– The study proved the importance of including the actual PTO constraints in the preliminary power assessment in order to avoid unrealistic overestimation of the expected power performance.Originality/value– The paper quantifies the power performance obtained with the application of such control strategy considering both unidirectional and bidirectional point absorbers. This analysis and comparison is extremely relevant since both unidirectional and bidirectional devices are reaching the market.
Fleadapt scale: a new tool to measure frontline employee adaptability in power sector
Authors: Sony Michael , Mekoth Nandakumar 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– An adaptable frontline employee (FLE) would be an asset for the organization, customer and to other constituents, external to the organization. Previous research by the same authors conceptualizes FLE adaptability in the power sector, using grounded theory as a multidimensional construct (Sony and Nandakumar, 2014). The purpose of this study is to explore this concept by developing a new scale to measure the FLE adaptability.Design/methodology/approach– The research is conducted in various phases to build up a new 41-item self-reported scale to measure adaptability of FLEs using structural equation modelling on data obtained from FLE ' s working in the power sector in India.Findings– The finding of the paper is a valid FLEADAPT scale which can be used for measuring adaptability of FLEs.Research limitations/implications– Although this study has provided relevant and interesting insights into the understanding of FLE adaptability, it is important to recognize its limitations. First, data in this study were obtained from firms in Western India. Although it can be said that the two samples represent a cross-section of a large number of businesses, it would be useful to obtain a broader and wider sampling frame from other countries. Because respondents’ perceptions, attitudes and behaviour are influenced by their cultures, it would be useful to test whether the existing FLE adaptability scale can be generalized to situations in other countries.Practical implications– FLE adaptability is identified as a key process in job performance, and hence, the scale will become an important managerial assessment tool.Social implications– This scale has a dimension to measure the social aspect of frontline adaptability, thus giving organizations a new tool to measure adaptability among the front lines.Originality/value– Despite the increasing research attention paid to the concept of FLEs, to date, there has been no valid and comprehensive operational measure of FLE adaptability. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to provide a comprehensive, psychometrically sound and operationally valid measure of an FLE’s adaptability.
Demand side integration for electric transport vehicles
Authors: Schmidt Johannes , Lauven Lars-Peter , Ihle Norman , Kolbe Lutz M. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to examine both the technical feasibility and the commercial viability of several demand-side integration (DSI) programs to utilize the charging flexibility of electric transport vehicles in a logistic facility. DSI is important for improving system reliability and assisting in integrating renewables into the energy system.

Design/methodology/approach
– A pre-assessment of several DSI programs is performed by considering effort for implementation, costs and economic potential. Afterward, the most promising programs are compared economically on the basis of optimization methods and economic analysis. The analysis is based on a comprehensive electric mobility project dealing with electric transport vehicles operating in container terminals.

Findings
– The pre-assessment of several potential DSI programs revealed that many of these programs are unsuitable, largely due to regulatory requirements. Although using DSI to optimize the company’s load is feasible, controlled charging based on variable prices is particularly advantageous because the implementation requires modest effort while identifying significant cost-saving potentials.

Practical implications
– Based on the analysis, other companies using electric transport vehicles have a foundation for identifying the most promising demand-side management program.

Originality/value
– While most research has focused on individually used electric vehicles, here commercial electric transport vehicles operating in closed systems were investigated as this area of application was found to be particularly suitable for participation in DSI programs.
Structural equation modelling of energy consumption in buildings
Authors: Motawa Ibrahim , Oladokun Michael G. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the complex interrelationships among thedifferent variables purporting to explain household energy consumption and carbon emissions. Energy consumption and carbon emissions in dwellings have been argued to be a complex socio-technical problem that involves interaction of many variables that are interdependent on one another.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper investigates the explanatory power of these variables through the use of structural equation modelling which has the advantage of handling complex real-life problems that cannot be modelled by other multivariate analysis methods. This study uses the publicly available datasets of the Scottish House Condition Survey and the Scottish Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours datasets.

Findings
– This paper found that floor area, energy efficiency in terms of standard assessment procedure value, number of occupants in the dwelling, household income, dwelling age, consumption behaviour and age of householders are among the variables explaining dwellings energy consumption and carbon emissions. The explanatory power of each of these variables was therefore explored.

Originality/value
– The paper concludes that understanding the complex–causal relationships among the explanatory variables would help decision-makers draw more realistic policies for household energy consumption which is critical to the agenda pertaining to carbon emission.
Student use of Facebook for informal learning and peer support
Authors: Garcia Elaine , Elbeltagi Ibrahim M. , Dungay Kerry , Hardaker Glenn 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– As the use of social networking and social media technologies (SNT) has become pandemic amongst young people (Tess, 2013; Falahah and Rosmala, 2012) there has been an increasing drive amongst educators and researchers to explore the ways in which SNT may be utilised within the classroom (Junco, 2012). Whilst there is therefore an increasing amount of literature available in relation to the use of SNT within the classroom it does not appear that there has been sufficient research considering the manner in which SNT results in the development of a complex, invisible and organic social network amongst students. When these networks exist outside of the classroom they may allow informal learning and peer support to occur. The purpose of this paper is to investigate these issues. Additionally this paper seeks to determine if the use of Facebook by students may provide an indication of the likelihood of student success on their course.Design/methodology/approach– This paper utilises an empirical approach to explore the nature of these invisible networks and the degree to which the use of SNT by students outside of the classroom may provide support for student learning in relation to informal learning and social interaction. This study explores the use of Facebook through the use of a case study of one cohort of 90 creative arts students who undertook a one-year Foundation in Art and Design course within a specialist arts college in the UK. This research utilises the technique of social network analysis (SNA) in order to visualise the type of interactions that occur within the online network and the strength of these interactions (Dawson, 2008).Findings– Results demonstrate that within this case study the creative arts student group created a complex and interrelated network of connections through Facebook with some students clearly placed at the centre of the network and others on the periphery. It is also demonstrated that those students who are more central within the network are more likely to remain on the course and achieve their qualification.Originality/value– This paper demonstrates that SNA provides a useful and insightful way in which to visualise what would otherwise be an invisible network of connections made by students outside of the classroom. Furthermore this paper will provide an insight for teachers and researchers into the benefits of the use of SNT within education, which will have practical implications for the future use of SNT in teaching and learning.
Organizing for “wicked problems” – analyzing coordination arrangements in two policy areas
Authors: Lagreid Per , Rykkja Lise H. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to address the question of coordination by comparing two recent reforms schemes in Norway: internal security and the welfare administration. Both concern typically transboundary “wicked” policy problems where horizontal and vertical coordination is difficult. What kind of coordination problems did the reforms address, what kind of coordination solutions were provided, and what can explain the observed pattern?Design/methodology/approach– The paper draws on organizational theory, distinguishing between a structural-instrumental and a cultural-institutional perspective. A comparative case study design is applied. The analysis combines insights from four large research projects.Findings– Both cases represent broad government efforts to tackle “wicked” coordination problems when there is a mismatch between the problem structure and the organizational structure. In both cases, reorganization and structural changes resulted in hybrid and complex organizational arrangements. The welfare administration reform tried to solve a tension between ministerial responsibility and local self-government by introducing One-stop-shops. Within the area of internal security, coordination problems related to lacking ministerial capacity was tackled by introducing a formal principle of collaboration, a lead agency approach and network arrangements.Practical implications– Effective coordination might ease wicked problems by enhancing the understanding of the problem and its underlying causes, increasing the probability of finding agreed-upon solutions and help implementation. Enhanced communication and strengthened mutual trust and commitment among actors might be a positive outcome. However, coordination implies dilemmas and trade-offs, and reformers often have to balance different interests.Originality/value– The paper shows that different instruments of coordination are central for handling “wicked problems”.
Evaluation of post-GFC policy response of New Zealand
Authors: Islam Syrus M. , Yahanpath Noel 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The paper aims to evaluate the role played by a recent banking and macro-prudential regime in addressing the financial crisis in New Zealand (NZ).

Design/methodology/approach
– The basic methodology used in this paper is the “documentary research method”. For this study data have been collected from various published sources.

Findings
– We find that the NZ government is one of the first few countries to implement Basel III to ensure the robustness of its banking sector while calibrating it to the unique needs of the economy and is in the process of phasing in several macro-prudential instruments (e.g. countercyclical capital buffer ore funding ratio sectoral capital requirement and loan-to-value ratio) to smooth the credit cycle of the economy. However implementing different requirements of a new policy has some challenges.

Research limitations/implications
– Further research may be carried out to investigate the policy responses of the government from corporate governance and other regulatory perspectives.

Practical implications
– This study identifies the effectiveness as well as some challenges faced when implementing different requirements of the new policy that may facilitate the policy makers to take appropriate action as required.

Originality/value
– This study provides a unique insight into the post-GFC scenario with regard to the government policy response in the banking sector and macro-prudential system that may provide the world with a financial-system warrant of fitness. It is one of the very few studies that showcase a global perspective and to our knowledge it is the first of its kind in NZ in the post-global financial crisis period.