bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of a Non‐preserved Cadaver to Address Deficiencies in Technical Skills During the Third Year of Medical School: A Cadaver Model for Teaching Technical Skills
Authors: Kaplan Stephen J. , Carroll Joseph T. , Nematollahi Saman , Chuu Andy , Adamas‐Rappaport William , Ong Evan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundEmergency technical procedures performed by medical students have decreased in the last decade. An Emergency Surgical Skills Laboratory (ESSL) using a non‐preserved cadaver was developed in response to address this deficiency.MethodsA total of 232 students rotating through a 6‐week surgery clerkship participated in the ESSL from 1 July 2008 to 1 July 2011. Two four‐hour sessions using case‐based trauma scenarios in the ESSL served as a model for procedural instruction. Skills taught included basic suturing, intubation, cricothyrotomy, chest tube placement, thoracentesis, venous access, central line, and radial arterial line placement.ResultsStudents noted that technical proficiency in suturing was obtained during the ESSL sessions in comparison to the emergency department or operating room (p < 0.001) during the 6‐week clerkship. During the 6‐week rotation only 12 % of students participated in chest tube insertion, 5 % central venous line placement, and 14 % femoral vein blood draw. Finally, 90 % of respondents reported increased understanding and comfort in regard to trauma resuscitation following the ESSL.ConclusionsTechnical procedural proficiency has become increasingly difficult to obtain in medical school due to multifactorial limitations. The ESSL provides an opportunity for developing technical skills needed for emergency situations not otherwise provided during the surgical clerkship.
Combinatorial models of expanding dynamical systems
Authors: NEKRASHEVYCH VOLODYMYR 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe prove homotopical rigidity of expanding dynamical systems, by showing that they are determined by a group-theoretic invariant. We use this to show that the Julia set of every expanding dynamical system is an inverse limit of simplicial complexes constructed by inductive cut-and-paste rules. Moreover, the cut-and-paste rules can be found algorithmically from the algebraic invariant.
Specific antibody responses against Neospora caninum recombinant rNcGRA7, rNcSAG4, rNcBSR4 and rNcSRS9 proteins are correlated with virulence in mice
Authors: JIMÉNEZ-RUIZ ELENA , BECH-SÀBAT GREGORI , ÁLVAREZ-GARCÍA GEMA , REGIDOR-CERRILLO JAVIER , HINOJAL-CAMPAÑA LAURA , ORTEGA-MORA LUIS M. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe intraspecific diversity of Neospora caninum is a determinant for in vivo parasite virulence and in vitro parasite behaviour. The relationship between isolate virulence and specific antibody responses against key parasite proteins has not been well characterized. The response kinetics and the differences in specific anti-rNcGRA7, -rNcSAG4, -rNcBSR4 and -rNcSRS9 antibody levels were analysed by recombinant protein-based ELISA in groups of mice inoculated with 10 different N. caninum isolates that differ in their virulence. The majority of the virulence parameters analysed correlated with the specific antibody levels against the 4 recombinant proteins. The antibodies developed against the highly immunogenic protein NcGRA7 were significantly higher in mice inoculated with high virulence isolates than in those inoculated with low-to-moderate virulence isolates in both non-pregnant and pregnant mouse models. Moreover, these levels were correlated with the anti-N. caninum IgG1 and IgG2a responses and the in vitro tachyzoite yield at 56 h. The antibodies directed against the bradyzoite-specific proteins were not detected in a non-pregnant mouse model. However, some seropositive mice were found in groups inoculated with high virulence isolates in a pregnant mouse model. NcGRA7 and NcSAG4 are proteins clearly correlated with virulence, and to a lesser extent NcBSR4 and NcSRS9 proteins. Moreover, antibodies to bradyzoite-specific proteins appear to also be related to virulence in mice. Further analyses should be performed in order to verify the usefulness of these proteins as predictive markers for virulence in an experimental bovine model of neosporosis.
When they don't bite, we smell money: understanding malaria bednet misuse
Authors: HONJO KEITA , CHAVES LUIS FERNANDO , SATAKE AKIKO , KANEKO AKIRA , MINAKAWA NOBORU 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYInsecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are a major tool to control malaria. Over recent years increased ITN coverage has been associated with decreased malaria transmission. However, ITN ‘misuse’ has been increasingly reported and whether this emergent behaviour poses a threat to successful malaria control and elimination is an open question. Here, we use a game theory mathematical model to understand the possible roles of poverty and malaria infection protection by individual and emerging ‘community effects’ on the ‘misuse’ of malaria bednets. We compare model predictions with data from our studies in Lake Victoria Islands (LVI), Kenya and Aneityum, Vanuatu. Our model shows that alternative ITN use is likely to emerge in impoverished populations and could be exacerbated if ITNs become ineffective or when large ‘community effects’ emerge. Our model predicted patterns of ITN use similar to the observed in LVI, where ‘misuse’ is common and the high ITN use in Aneityum, more than 20 years after malaria elimination in 1990. We think that observed differences in ITN use may be shaped by different degrees of economic and social development, and educational components of the Aneityum elimination, where traditional cooperative attitudes were strengthened with the malaria elimination intervention and post-elimination surveillance.
Supporting Fathers in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Insights from British Asian Fathers
Authors: CHOWBEY PUNITA , SALWAY SARAH , CLARKE LYNDA 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThere is concern that current UK policy and intervention aimed at supporting fathers remains primarily informed by dominant White middle-class values and experiences, and therefore fails to respond adequately to the needs of Britain's diverse fathers. This paper contributes to understanding of ethnic diversity in fathering contexts, practices and experiences, by reporting findings from a qualitative study of British Asian fathers, involving in-depth interviews with fifty-nine fathers and thirty-three mothers from Bangladeshi Muslim, Pakistani Muslim, Gujarati Hindu and Punjabi Sikh background, and over eight additional respondents engaged through Key Informant interviews, ethnographic interviews and group discussions. The paper highlights four areas that require greater recognition by policy-makers and practitioners to appropriately meet the needs of fathers from diverse ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds. These are: recognising that fathers and mothers do not necessarily constitute an autonomous unit; appreciating diversity in fathers’ understandings of desirable child outcomes; addressing additional obstacles to achieving similar outcomes for children; and understanding that the boundaries and content of fathering are not universally recognised. Policies that are less normative and more responsive to diversity are essential to ensure that all fathers can be effectively supported.
Bilingual call centers at the US-Mexico border: Location and linguistic markers of exploitability
Authors: Alarcón Amado , Heyman Josiah McC. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBilingual call centers in El Paso, Texas, an extensively bilingual US-Mexico border setting, provide a valuable opportunity to examine empirically what occurs with respect to language shift reversal of Spanish in the context of new information economy. Interviews were conducted with thirty-nine call center operators and managers, and twelve translators and interpreters. Call centers provide an important occupational performance of and recognition to the Spanish language. Nevertheless, bilingual call centers mainly rely on uncompensated, socially provided language skills in Spanish, a freely available “heritage language” in the border setting. Spanish is not valued as a technical competency, worth specific attention to training, management of language features, and extra compensation. Bilingualism is used in the labor market as a sign of cheap and flexible labor, rather than as economically and socially valued “skill,” even though in the new information workplace it serves the latter role. (Call centers, new economy, language and workplace, bilingualism, Spanish, borders)*
Chaotic Ising-like dynamics in traffic signals
Authors: Suzuki Hideyuki , Imura Jun-ichi , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe green and red lights of a traffic signal can be viewed as the up and down states of an Ising spin. Moreover, traffic signals in a city interact with each other, if they are controlled in a decentralised way. In this paper, a simple model of such interacting signals on a finite-size two-dimensional lattice is shown to have Ising-like dynamics that undergoes a ferromagnetic phase transition. Probabilistic behaviour of the model is realised by chaotic billiard dynamics that arises from coupled non-chaotic elements. This purely deterministic model is expected to serve as a starting point for considering statistical mechanics of traffic signals.
Monitoring the fishing process in the sea urchin diving fishery of Galicia
Authors: Fernández-Boán María , Freire Juan , Parma Ana M. , Fernández Luis , Orensanz José M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Fernández-Boán, M., Freire, J., Parma, A. M., Fernández, L., and Orensanz, J. M. 2013. Monitoring the fishing process in the sea urchin diving fishery of Galicia – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 604–617. The assessment and management of small-scale benthic fisheries requires attention to the spatial structure of stocks and patterns of effort allocation. Spatial information helps in the interpretation of fisheries data, and is required for designing spatially explicit management strategies, often prescribed in the case of benthic fisheries. Monitoring of boats with GPS, combined with port interviews, was evaluated as an approach to investigate the spatial pattern of fishing intensity and catch per unit of effort (CPUE) in the sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) diving fishery from Galicia, Spain. Fishing opportunities (FOs), relatively small regions of high fishing intensity, were identified and mapped at a fine scale. New FOs were first visited at an approximately constant rate. Concentration analysis shows that effort intensity was not uniformly distributed within FOs. CPUE did not exhibit a significant trend throughout the season, either at the scale of the aggregated fishery or within individual FOs. Catch per area and area covered per unit of diving time were inversely related, indicating that fishers stay longer in high-density patches. While abundance is the primary driver of effort allocation, other factors contributing to suitability were identified. Based on these results, we discuss realistic options for the monitoring of this and comparable fisheries.
Crop diversification and technical efficiency in food crop production
Authors: Ogundari Kolawole 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the trends in crop diversification (CD) while examining its impact on the technical efficiency of peasant farmers in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs the Herfindahl and Ogive indices to compute the diversification indices and the stochastic frontier production model (SFPM) to estimate the technical efficiency (TE) level of the farms using unbalanced panel data covering three farming seasons (2006/2007 to 2008/2009).FindingsThe results of both the Herfindahl and Ogive indices showed that cropping pattern increased significantly with the intensification of crop diversification in the study across the three seasons. The result of the SFPM shows evidence of decreasing returns‐to‐scale and technical progress in the food crop production in the region. Education, extension, and CD are identified as efficiency increasing policy variables while an average TE level of about 81 percent was obtained from the analysis.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, this the very first study that employs panel data to analyze technical efficiency of farms in Nigeria.
Evidence based commissioning: calculating shift potentials for paediatric services
Authors: Barnes Katie , Longfield Philip , Jones Katie , Littlemore Gill , McDonough Claire , McIntyre Archie , Robertson Jo , Turton Neil , Urdhin Kevin , McLaughlin Melanie 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how the new arrangements for commissioning services in the English NHS can facilitate innovations in service delivery leading to improvements in outcomes and cost effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses cost modelling based upon the Hospital Episodes Statistics compiled by the NHS Information Centre to calculate recent expenditure upon treatment of routine childhood illnesses managed as short stay hospital admissions, and then uses a case study of a children's walk‐in centre to show how an alternative service can be provided, and a new service embedded in general practice to show a further alternative type of provision.FindingsThe study finds that large sums are currently being spent on inappropriate treatment of routine childhood conditions, especially in large urban conurbations. It demonstrates that in the case studies, the alternative provision can provide a viable and effective alternative.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is based upon historical data by necessity. The new commissioning groups are not co‐located with the historical PCTs on which this study is based. The data are collected by providers and co‐ordinated by the NHS Information Centre. Therefore the investigators do not have control over the data quality. The second case study is a new service and therefore is used as an illustration of other service types.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that paediatric ambulatory services can be provided at lower cost with better outcomes.Social implicationsThis study provides the basis for a pilot study in Salford, where additional social benefits are targeted including better school attendance and increased self‐awareness over child health amongst local families.Originality/valueThe study provides quantitative evidence for commissioning alternative paediatric ambulatory services.
Application of artificial neural network for fuzzy logic based leanness assessment
Authors: Vimal K.E.K. , Vinodh Sekar 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report a case study in which artificial neural network (ANN) has been used for performing fuzzy logic based leanness assessment.Design/methodology/approachLeanness is the measure of lean manufacturing practice. Fuzzy logic has been used for the calculation of leanness. To improve the effectiveness of computation, ANN tool has been used in this study. The network has been modeled, trained and simulated using the MATLAB software.FindingsThe disadvantages associated with the scoring method has been overcome by the deployment of fuzzy logic. The problem associated with manual computation has been overcome by the application of ANN. The simulated model has been validated by measuring the leanness level of the case organization.Research limitations/implicationsThe case study has been carried out in a single electronic switches manufacturing organization. In the fuzzy logic approach, triangular fuzzy numbers are being used in the present study.Practical implicationsThe paper reports a case study conducted in an Indian transformers manufacturing organisation. Hence, the results derived from the study are validated in a real time manufacturing environment.Originality/valueThe idea of applying ANN for fuzzy logic based leanness assessment is the original contribution of the authors.
The ethics of care as a determinant for stakeholder inclusion and CSR perception in business education
Authors: André Kévin 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe aim of the paper is to show that, among business students, care ethics is a determinant for CSR perception and stakeholder inclusion.Design/methodology/approachThe research was conducted utilising a quantitative approach. The population for this study consisted of students from a leading French business school.FindingsStakeholder inclusion is related to care ethics among students. CSR perception is related to stakeholder perception. CSR perception is related to care ethics.Research limitations/implicationsPopulation sampled has cultural and curricula specificities. Further research should extend the findings to other populations.Practical implicationsIf business schools want their students to implement CSR when they later become managers, they should build a bridge in the curriculum between business ethics education based on care theory (“educare”) and CSR teaching.Originality/valueEmpirical exploration of the relationship between teaching CSR and teaching care ethics has not been undertaken. Relationship between care ethics and stakeholder theory has been addressed in the literature but only from a theoretical perspective and not from an empirical perspective.
The impact of political instability on tourism: case of Thailand
Authors: Ingram Hadyn , Tabari Saloomeh , Watthanakhomprathip Wanthanee 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between political instability upon destination image and perception and tourism consumer behavior.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes a case study approach and uses cross‐sectional and qualitative methods to measure and contrast the perceptions of respondents who have and have not, visited Thailand.FindingsThe study affirms the power of image as a subjectively‐held, but important lever of consumer behavior. The findings reinforce the popularity of Thailand as a tourist destination, by both those who have and have not visited, and suggest that its image is a strong one.Practical implicationsThe paper concludes that destination managers need to work with governments to ensure political stability, which can lead to continued tourism revenues.Originality/valueThe paper suggests that the effects of adverse publicity on political instability to tourism receipts may be temporary, providing a destination has a strong perceived image (such as Thailand) and the disruption does not last too long.
Persuasion, patriotism and PR: US advertising in the Second World War
Authors: Stole Inger L. 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore how the (War) Advertising Council organized the advertising community to assist the US government's home front campaigns during the Second World War. It aims to discuss how the council urged individual advertisers to use their product‐ads to instruct the civilian population about behavioral changes that the government deemed essential to the war effort. The task required great ambidexterity: paying a high level of attention to the government's wartime needs while coaching and encouraging advertisers into compliance. As such, the article also aims to discuss the council's challenge in weighing the government's wartime needs against commercial pressures. A case study of the Advertising Council's 1944 campaign to “Stamp out VD” seeks to illustrate the latter concern.Design/methodology/approachThe article comprises an historical account of the US advertising industry during the Second World War. Applying a qualitative approach, it relies on archival sources, industry trade publications, newspapers accounts and existing scholarship for its information.FindingsWhile publicly framing its wartime contribution as a patriotic gesture, the council's underlying rationale was that of serving the advertising industry in a public relations capacity. Unsure of its standing as America entered the war, the donation of time and talent to the government's war effort helped strengthen the advertising industry's economic position and social standing. As such, the council was not only a pioneer of “social marketing”, but also demonstrated a sophisticated use of “strategic philanthropy,” long before it became a common marketing practice.Originality/valueAnalyzing previously un‐explored sources, the article sheds new light on the US advertising industry's public relations strategies during the Second World War.
Efficiency measurements in multi‐activity data envelopment analysis with shared inputs
Authors: Chen Po‐Chi , Hsu Shih‐Hsun , Chang Ching‐Cheng , Yu Ming‐Miin 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe paper aims to propose a modified multi‐activity data envelopment analysis (MDEA) to provide information on the efficiency performance of farmers' cooperatives with inputs shared among several closely‐related activities.Design/methodology/approachThe directional distance functions are used to construct a non‐radial measure of performance in which the optimal input/output adjustment and the optimal allocation of shared inputs is simultaneously taken into consideration. The model is applied to study the case of 201 farmers' cooperatives in Taiwan.FindingsThe empirical results suggest that there exist significant discrepancy in terms of the performance among the four departments of the farmers' cooperatives. Furthermore, the wide discrepancy in the returns to scale warrant further deregulations by easing restrictions on their consolidation with other cooperatives to operate over broader geographical areas.Originality/valueAn empirical study on Taiwan's farmers' cooperatives is used to demonstrate its applicability and how they can effectively allocate their fixed resources in a multi‐activity environment. Such a measure can be used for rewarding the individual groups of an organization based on their relative contributions to the overall performance.
A summary on the research of GRA models
Authors: Liu Sifeng , Yang Yingjie , Cao Ying , Xie Naiming 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review systematically the research of grey relation analysis (GRA) models.Design/methodology/approachThree different approaches, the springboard to build a GRA model, the angle of view in modelling, and the dimension of objects, are analysed, respectively.FindingsThe GRA models developed from the models based on relation coefficients of each point in the sequences in early days to the generalized GRA models based on integral or overall perspective. It evolved from the GRA models which measure similarity based on nearness, into the models which consider similarity and nearness, respectively. The objects of the research advanced from the analysis of relationship among curves to that among curved surfaces, and further to the analysis of relationship in three‐dimensional space and even the relationship among super surfaces in n‐dimensional space.Originality/valueThe further research on GRA models is proposed. One is about the property of GRA model. An in‐depth knowledge about the properties of GRA model will help people to understand its function, applicable area and requirements for modelling. The other one is about the extension of research object system. The object to be analysed should be extended from the common sequence of real numbers to grey numbers, vectors, matrices, and even multi‐dimensional matrices, etc.