bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of p16 status, hypoxic imaging using [18F]‐misonidazole positron emission tomography and outcome in patients with loco‐regionally advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Trinkaus Mateya E , Hicks Rodney J , Young Richard J , Peters Lester J , Solomon Ben , Bressel Mathias , Corry June , Fisher Richard , Binns David , McArthur Grant A , Rischin Danny 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated the relationship between hypoxia, human papillomavirus (HPV) status and outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsPatients with stage III and IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated on phase I and II chemoradiation trials with 70‐Gy radiation combined with tirapazamine/cisplatin or cisplatin/fluorouracil (5FU), hypoxic imaging using [18F]‐misonidazole positron emission tomography and known HPV status (by p16 immunohistochemistry) were included in this sub‐study. Separate analyses were conducted to consider the impact of tirapazamine on HPV‐negative tumours in the phase II trial.ResultsBoth p16‐positive oropharyngeal tumours and p16‐negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumours had a high prevalence of tumour hypoxia; 14/19 (74%) and 35/44 (80%), respectively. The distribution of hypoxia (primary, nodal) was similar. On phase II, trial patients with p16‐negative hypoxic tumours had worse loco‐regional control with cisplatin and 5FU compared with tirapazamine and cisplatin (P < 0.001) and worse failure‐free survival (hazard ratio = 5.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.98–13.55; P = 0.001). Only 1 out of 14 p16‐positive patients on the phase II trial experienced loco‐regional failure.ConclusionHypoxia, as assessed by [18F]‐misonidazole positron emission tomography, is frequently present in both p16‐positive and negative head and neck cancer. Further research is required to determine whether hypoxic imaging can be used to predict benefit from hypoxia‐targeting therapies in patients with p16‐negative tumours.
Alloimmune Neonatal Neutropenia in Croatia during the 1998–2008 Period
Authors: Tomicic Maja , Starcevic Mirta , Ribicic Rebeka , Golubic‐Cepulic Branka , Hundric‐Haspl Zeljka , Jukic Irena 
Published: February 2014

ProblemThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of the disease and to analyze laboratory data of 23 newborns undergoing serologic testing for alloimmune neonatal neutropenia (ANN) during the 1998–2008 period in Croatia.Method of studyLaboratory data on 23 newborns undergoing serologic testing for ANN during the 1998–2008 period and epidemiologic data on the number of live births in Croatia were analyzed. Laboratory testing for ANN included serologic screening of maternal and neonatal sera and granulocytes (neutrophils) by immunofluorescence (IF) method. The monoclonal antibody immobilization of neutrophil antigens (MAINA) was employed to determine anti‐HNA antibody specificity.ResultsAnti‐HNA antibodies were detected in seven (54%) of 13 cases of serologically positive ANN. Only anti‐HLA class I antibodies were demonstrated in four (31%) of 13 cases In the 2007–2008 period of prospective data collection, the number of serologically verified ANN cases was one case per 17,323 live births.Results of the prospective study conducted at Maternity Ward, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center yielded the ANN incidence of one case per 2843 live births.ConclusionMonitoring of neutrophil count in neonatal blood and serologic testing for ANN in case of isolated neutropenia in the newborn contributed considerably to timely detection of ANN.DescriptorsNeonatal alloimmune neutropenia—incidence, serologic diagnosis, antineutrophil antibodies, anti‐HNA, anti‐HLA class I, Croatia.
EFFICIENT PUBLIC‐PRIVATE CAPITAL STRUCTURES
Authors: MOSZORO Marian 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a rationale for hybrid public‐private capital structures in public utilities. The public sector can borrow money cheaper, while private investors can spawn life‐cycle cost savings. When investment vehicles enable the internalization of the financial advantage of the public sector and the managerial advantage of the private sector, a Pareto‐efficient capital structure is achieved with both the public and private parties as shareholders. I show how different knowledge transfer schemes determine the optimal shareholding structure for the utility company.
LOCAL MIXED COMPANIES: THE THEORY AND PRACTICE IN AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: CRUZ N.F. , MARQUES R.C. , MARRA A. , POZZI C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSeveral factors have been contributing to the growing use of public private‐partnership (PPP) arrangements by local governments, such as, the need for new investments on infrastructure (e.g. decentralization of responsibilities, regulatory requirements demanding better quality and environmental protection, renovation of the networks), imposition of strict debt limits to the localities, and local government reform policies/programs. Whereas contractual PPP arrangements, such as concession contracts, can be seen as an extension of traditional public procurement (with additional complexities in contract design and management) and are currently better handled by contracting authorities, institutionalized PPPs (mixed companies) are still quite puzzling for both practitioners and academics. In fact, the following questions deserve further investigation: When are mixed companies expected to depict a higher performance than other options? What are the risks involved and how should they be allocated and mitigated? How should mixed companies be monitored and evaluated? The articles in this Special Issue provide insightful answers to these and many other relevant questions to policy makers.
BRAF mutation in follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is associated with unfavourable clinicopathological characteristics and malignant features on ultrasonography
Authors: Chai Young Jun , Kim Su‐jin , Kim Soo Chin , Koo Do Hoon , Min Hye Sook , Lee Kyu Eun , Kim Ji‐hoon , Youn Yeo‐Kyu 
Published: February 2014

SummaryObjectiveFollicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) is a common variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but the association between BRAF mutation and the clinicopathological and ultrasonographical characteristics of FVPTC has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of BRAF mutation in FVPTC.PatientsThe medical records of the 137 patients with >5 mm FVPTCs and known BRAF mutation status in the interested nodule were reviewed. BRAF mutation analysis was performed routinely and prospectively by Sanger sequencing. Clinicopathological and ultrasonographical characteristics were compared between BRAF mutation‐positive and BRAF mutation‐negative groups.ResultsBRAF mutation was detected in 35 (25·5%) patients. The BRAF mutation‐positive group was associated with smaller tumour size (P = 0·022), extrathyroidal extension (P = 0·001), multifocality (P = 0·046) and higher (III/IV) TNM stages (P = 0·005). In multivariable analysis, higher (III/IV) TNM stage was an independent predictive factor for BRAF mutation‐positive status (adjusted OR 2·966, 95% CI 1·321–6·663). In diagnosis of FVPTC, the presence of BRAF mutation was associated with malignant features on ultrasonography (P < 0·001) and higher incidence of suspicious for malignancy or malignant diagnosis on the fine needle aspiration cytology (P = 0·023). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of US for detecting BRAF mutation were 82·9%, 57·8%, 40·3%, 90·8% and 64·2%, respectively. Conclusions BRAF mutation in FVPTC is associated with unfavourable clinicopathological characteristics and malignant features on ultrasonography and may be a potential prognostic factor as it is in classical PTC.
Porcine dermal matrix in the treatment of dehiscence‐type defects – an experimental split‐mouth animal trial
Authors: Fickl Stefan , Nannmark Ulf , Schlagenhauf Ulrich , Hürzeler Markus B. , Kebschull Moritz 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo describe histometrical outcomes (tissue thickness, tissue height) of a porcine dermal matrix (PDX) and subepithelial connective tissue (CTG) in the treatment of dehiscence‐type defects.Material and methodsIn five beagle dogs buccal dehiscence defects were created on both upper canines. The defects were covered in a split‐mouth design either with a porcine dermal matrix or subepithelial connective tissue. After 4 months histometrical outcomes were evaluated using a nonparametric Brunner–Langer model.ResultsNeither in the test nor in the control specimen signs of inflammation or foreign body reaction was detected. Histometrically, no significant difference was found for tissue thickness and height between both treatment groups.ConclusionsPorcine dermal matrix can be used for grafting of dehiscence‐type defects. Augmentation of tissue thickness seems to be comparable to subepithelial connective tissue.
Drivers of Seabird Population Recovery on New Zealand Islands after Predator Eradication
Authors: BUXTON RACHEL T. , JONES CHRISTOPHER , MOLLER HENRIK , TOWNS DAVID R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEradication of introduced mammalian predators from islands has become increasingly common, with over 800 successful projects around the world. Historically, introduced predators extirpated or reduced the size of many seabird populations, changing the dynamics of entire island ecosystems. Although the primary outcome of many eradication projects is the restoration of affected seabird populations, natural population responses are rarely documented and mechanisms are poorly understood. We used a generic model of seabird colony growth to identify key predictor variables relevant to recovery or recolonization. We used generalized linear mixed models to test the importance of these variables in driving seabird population responses after predator eradication on islands around New Zealand. The most influential variable affecting recolonization of seabirds around New Zealand was the distance to a source population, with few cases of recolonization without a source population ≤25 km away. Colony growth was most affected by metapopulation status; there was little colony growth in species with a declining status. These characteristics may facilitate the prioritization of newly predator‐free islands for active management. Although we found some evidence documenting natural recovery, generally this topic was understudied. Our results suggest that in order to guide management strategies, more effort should be allocated to monitoring wildlife response after eradication.Conductores de la Recuperación de Poblaciones de Aves Marinas en Islas de Nueva Zelanda después de la Erradicación de Depredadores
Importance of Baseline Specification in Evaluating Conservation Interventions and Achieving No Net Loss of Biodiversity
Authors: BULL J. W. , GORDON A. , LAW E. A. , SUTTLE K. B. , MILNER‐GULLAND E. J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThere is an urgent need to improve the evaluation of conservation interventions. This requires specifying an objective and a frame of reference from which to measure performance. Reference frames can be baselines (i.e., known biodiversity at a fixed point in history) or counterfactuals (i.e., a scenario that would have occurred without the intervention). Biodiversity offsets are interventions with the objective of no net loss of biodiversity (NNL). We used biodiversity offsets to analyze the effects of the choice of reference frame on whether interventions met stated objectives. We developed 2 models to investigate the implications of setting different frames of reference in regions subject to various biodiversity trends and anthropogenic impacts. First, a general analytic model evaluated offsets against a range of baseline and counterfactual specifications. Second, a simulation model then replicated these results with a complex real world case study: native grassland offsets in Melbourne, Australia. Both models showed that achieving NNL depended upon the interaction between reference frame and background biodiversity trends. With a baseline, offsets were less likely to achieve NNL where biodiversity was decreasing than where biodiversity was stable or increasing. With a no‐development counterfactual, however, NNL was achievable only where biodiversity was declining. Otherwise, preventing development was better for biodiversity. Uncertainty about compliance was a stronger determinant of success than uncertainty in underlying biodiversity trends. When only development and offset locations were considered, offsets sometimes resulted in NNL, but not across an entire region. Choice of reference frame determined feasibility and effort required to attain objectives when designing and evaluating biodiversity offset schemes. We argue the choice is thus of fundamental importance for conservation policy. Our results shed light on situations in which biodiversity offsets may be an inappropriate policy instrumentImportancia de la Especificación de Línea de Base en la Evaluación de Intervenciones de Conservación y la Obtención de Ninguna Pérdida Neta de la Biodiversidad
Efficacy of Two Lion Conservation Programs in Maasailand, Kenya
Authors: HAZZAH LEELA , DOLRENRY STEPHANIE , NAUGHTON LISA , EDWARDS CHARLES T T , MWEBI OGETO , KEARNEY FIACHRA , FRANK LAURENCE 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLion (Panthera leo) populations are in decline throughout most of Africa. The problem is particularly acute in southern Kenya, where Maasai pastoralists have been spearing and poisoning lions at a rate that will ensure near term local extinction. We investigated 2 approaches for improving local tolerance of lions: compensation payments for livestock lost to predators and Lion Guardians, which draws on local cultural values and knowledge to mitigate livestock‐carnivore conflict and monitor carnivores. To gauge the overall influence of conservation intervention, we combined both programs into a single conservation treatment variable. Using 8 years of lion killing data, we applied Manski's partial identification approach with bounded assumptions to investigate the effect of conservation treatment on lion killing in 4 contiguous areas. In 3 of the areas, conservation treatment was positively associated with a reduction in lion killing. We then applied a generalized linear model to assess the relative efficacy of the 2 interventions. The model estimated that compensation resulted in an 87–91% drop in the number of lions killed, whereas Lion Guardians (operating in combination with compensation and alone) resulted in a 99% drop in lion killing.Eficacia de Dos Programas de Conservación de Leones en Maasailand, Kenia
Transgenerational Effects of Parental Rearing Environment Influence the Survivorship of Captive‐Born Offspring in the Wild
Authors: Evans Melissa L. , Wilke Nathan F. , O'Reilly Patrick T. , Fleming Ian A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAs natural populations decline, captive breeding and rearing programs have become essential components of conservation efforts. However, captive rearing can cause unintended phenotypic and/or genetic changes that adversely impact on population restoration efforts. Here, we test whether the exposure of captive‐reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to natural river environments (i.e., “wild exposure”) during early life can serve as a mitigation technique to improve the survivorship of descendents in the wild. Using genetic pedigree reconstruction, we observed a two‐fold increase in the survivorship of offspring of wild‐exposed parents compared to the offspring of captive parents. Our results suggest that harnessing the influence of transgenerational effects in captive‐rearing programs can improve the outcomes of endangered species restoration efforts.
Familicide‐Suicide: From Myth To Hypothesis And Toward Understanding
Authors: Johnson Carolyn , Sachmann Mark 
Published: February 2014

Familicide‐suicide following separation is an underresearched and poorly understood offense. Findings from previous research are inconclusive about risk factors and perpetrator motivation. This article explores common myths about the offense in relation to some of the findings from two studies of familicide‐suicide following separation undertaken in Western Australia. A new conceptualization of the offense is proposed based on attachment theory, the neurobiology of trauma, and the possible subconscious motivation of perpetrators, which may be helpful in assessing risk of familicide‐suicide in family court cases.Keypoints
There are warning signs to familicide‐suicide following separation.
Warning signs are often not recognised or not adequately communicated to decision makers.
Risk factors are dynamic and therefore not always able to be assessed in tests that measure static personality characteristics.
Assessment needs to involve input from family members and collaboration with other agencies.
Judicial decision making should be informed by comprehensive psychological profiles including childhood abuse history, adult attachment assessments, level of narcissism, degree of symbiosis in the relationship and history of domestic violence, including threats to kill and/or suicide.
Investigations into the auto‐FAT10ylation of the bispecific E2 conjugating enzyme UBA6‐specific E2 enzyme 1
Authors: Aichem Annette , Catone Nicola , Groettrup Marcus 
Published: February 2014

The cytokine‐inducible ubiquitin‐like modifier HLA‐F adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) targets its substrates for degradation by the proteasome. FAT10 is conjugated to its substrates via the bispecific, ubiquitin‐activating and FAT10‐activating enzyme UBA6, the likewise bispecific conjugating enzyme UBA6‐specific E2 enzyme 1 (USE1), and possibly E3 ligases. By MS analysis, we found that USE1 undergoes self‐FAT10ylation in cis, mainly at Lys323. Mutation of Lys323 to an arginine did not abolish auto‐FAT10ylation of USE1, but every other lysine could instead be modified with FAT10. Similarly to bulk FAT10 substrates, FAT10ylation of USE1 accelerated its proteasomal degradation. Interestingly, the USE1–FAT10 conjugate continued to be an active E2 enzyme, because both FAT10 and ubiquitin could still be thioester‐linked to the USE1–FAT10 conjugate. We therefore suggest that the major function of USE1 auto‐FAT10ylation is to serve as a negative feedback mechanism to limit the conjugation of FAT10 upon its cytokine‐mediated induction by reducing the amount of USE1 through proteasomal degradation of the USE1–FAT10 conjugate.Structured digital abstract•USE1 physically interacts with FAT10 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)•USE1 physically interacts with FAT10 by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)
Homooligomerization is needed for stability: a molecular modelling and solution study of Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase
Authors: Bertoša Branimir , Mikleušević Goran , Wielgus‐Kutrowska Beata , Narczyk Marta , Hajnić Matea , Leščić Ašler Ivana , Tomić Sanja , Luić Marija , Bzowska Agnieszka 
Published: February 2014

Although many enzymes are homooligomers composed of tightly bound subunits, it is often the case that smaller assemblies of such subunits, or even individual monomers, seem to have all the structural features necessary to independently conduct catalysis. In this study, we investigated the reasons justifying the necessity for the hexameric form of Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase – a homohexamer composed of three linked dimers – since it appears that the dimer is the smallest unit capable of catalyzing the reaction, according to the currently accepted mechanism. Molecular modelling was employed to probe mutations at the dimer–dimer interface that would result in a dimeric enzyme form. In this way, both in silico and in vitro, the hexamer was successfully transformed into dimers. However, modelling and solution studies show that, when isolated, dimers cannot maintain the appropriate three‐dimensional structure, including the geometry of the active site and the position of the catalytically important amino acids. Analytical ultracentrifugation proves that E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase dimeric mutants tend to dissociate into monomers with dissociation constants of 20–80 μm. Consistently, the catalytic activity of these mutants is negligible, at least 6 orders of magnitude smaller than for the wild‐type enzyme. We conclude that the hexameric architecture of E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase is necessary to provide stabilization of the proper three‐dimensional structure of the dimeric assembly, and therefore this enzyme is the obligate (obligatory) hexamer.Structured digital abstract●PNP and PNP bind by molecular sieving (1, 2, 3, 4)
Abrupt Late Holocene uplifts of the southern Izu Peninsula, central Japan: Evidence from emerged marine sessile assemblages
Authors: Kitamura Akihisa , Koyama Masato , Itasaka Koji , Miyairi Yosuke , Mori Hideki 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEvidence for abrupt coastal uplifts has been found in emerged sessile assemblages in a sea cave at the southern end of the Izu Peninsula, central Japan. We identified five sessile assemblage zones: Zones I to V, in ascending order. The uppermost zone (Zone I), located at an elevation of 2.7–3.5 m above the present‐day mean sea level (amsl), is a hard massive shellcrust consisting mainly of the barnacles Chthamalus challenger and the tube worm Pomatoleios kraussii. Zone II, at 2.35–2.7 m amsl, is dominated by well‐preserved individuals of C. challenger. Zone III, at 2.0–2.35 m amsl, is strongly eroded and consists mainly of C. challenger and P. kraussii. Zone IV, at 1.6–2.0 m amsl, is characterized by the co‐occurrence of very fresh shells of C. challenger and P. kraussii. Zone V (the lowest zone), at 1.0–1.60 m amsl, is characterized by the co‐occurrence of very fresh shells of Saccostrea kegaki and P. kraussii, and by the absence of C. challenger. Radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and the presence of modern taxa in the sessile assemblages suggest that three episodes of coastal uplift have occurred in the area, during AD 570–820, AD 1000–1270, and AD 1430–1660, with magnitudes of 0.9–2.0 m, 0.3–0.8 m, and 1.9–2.2 m, respectively.
Submental cutaneous sinus tract of mandibular second molar origin
Authors: Bai J. , Ji A.‐P. , Huang M.‐W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimTo report a case in which a submental cutaneous sinus tract resulted from apical periodontitis associated with a mandibular second molar.SummaryA 53‐year‐old man presented with a chronic cutaneous sinus tract in the submental region, which had previously been misdiagnosed as a thyroglossal fistula. The origin of the sinus tract was shown by sinus tract angiography to be the left mandibular second molar (tooth 37), which had apical periodontitis. The sinus tract healed after extraction of the tooth and partial excision of the lesion from an extraoral approach. Histological examination confirmed that the tract was lined with granulation tissue and not with epithelial tissue. A submental sinus tract drainage pathway was observed. Prompt dental evaluation, especially of all mandibular teeth, should be considered when assessing cases of submental cutaneous sinus tracts.Key learning points

An odontogenic origin should be part of the differential diagnosis for orofacial skin lesions.

Cutaneous sinus tracts of mandibular molar origin are complex and thus a comprehensive examination should be stressed.

It is necessary to examine all mandibular teeth in cases of odontogenic submental cutaneous sinus tracts.

Sinus tract angiography can be used to identify the sinus tract pathway and to confirm the associated teeth.

The treatment of an odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract requires the elimination of the source of infection.