bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of ultralightweight, thermal insulation alumina scaffolds by a hybrid sol–gel/freeze‐casting approach
Authors: Ho Pei‐Chieh , Chang Haw‐Kai , Chen Po‐Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFreeze casting is an effective way to fabricate the porous ceramics with anisotropic and interconnected porous structures and can be used in various applications, such as filtration, adsorption, and insulation. However, the ceramic‐based scaffolds fabricated by freeze casting have the upper limit of porosity since excessively low solid content in the slurry will lead to structural instability and cracks formation in scaffolds. This study aims at combining the freeze casting and sol–gel method and developing a hybrid process to overcome the limitation of freeze casting. Besides, the effects of solid content and cooling rates on the microstructure of ultralightweight alumina scaffolds (ULASs) and their mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. Aluminum isopropoxide was selected as the precursor to conduct the hydrolysis reaction in acid environment and condensation process by heat treatment. The successfully synthesized alumina scaffolds have ultrahigh porosity (>90%), low bulk density (0.1240–0.2429 g/cm3), and low relative density (0.0314–0.0615). The anisotropic porous lamellar structure was evaluated by scanning electron microscope, µ‐CT, and mercury porosimeter. A lot of nanoscale pores are observed on the lamellae surfaces, forming the dual‐scale porous structure inside the scaffolds and contributing to higher specific surface area. The unique anisotropic structure, high porosity, and stable mechanical properties enable ULASs to deliver a low thermal conductivity of 0.2 W/m/K and large anisotropy in thermal properties, possessing great potential for thermal insulative materials. This sol–gel/freeze‐casting hybrid approach is believed to be extended to different material systems and provide promising potentials in fabricating the porous materials with various functionalities.
Nb/Mn co‐doping enhances the pyroelectric properties of Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 ceramics for infrared detection
Authors: Fan Mingzhi , Cen Fangjie , Gao Ruisi , Pan Yangsheng , Shen Meng , Zhang Haibo , Jiang Shenglin , Li Kanghua , Zhang Guangzu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe pyroelectric effect has wide applications in various fields, such as infrared imaging, detection, alarms, and the expanding field of smart homes. The rapid advancement of smart systems, focusing on miniaturization and integration, requires pyroelectric infrared detectors with high pyroelectric coefficients and Curie temperatures to meet the requirements of integrated processes. However, the Curie temperature of commercial lead zirconate titanate is limited to <230°C, urgently looking for a breakthrough. Here, we explore pyroelectricity in Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 (NBT) ceramics, characterized by a high Curie temperature (∼660°C). We systematically examined the crystal structure modifications and defect dipole effects of the Nb/Mn‐co‐doped NBT. The lattice expansion, distortion of the TiO6 octahedra, and structural transformation tendency from the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase facilitate dipole movements with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the Mn and Nb elements result in the formation of MnTi“–VO·· and NbTi·–MnTi” –NbTi· defect dipoles, inducing additional polarization changes in response to temperature variations. Finally, a significantly improved pyroelectric coefficient of 110 µC m2 K–1 and remarkable temperature stability from 25°C to 300°C is achieved in NBTM‐5Nb ceramics. This co‐doping strategy for enhancing pyroelectric performance can be expanded to other systems and substantially contribute to advancing high‐performance materials for infrared detection.
Emergency complications during dermatological, surgical, or cosmetic procedures: A cross‐sectional study among dermatologists
Authors: Kaya Erdogan Hilal , Sahin Tekin Melisa , Agaoglu Esra , Sanal Bas Sema , Acer Ersoy , Saracoglu Zeynep Nurhan , Bilgin Muzaffer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedical emergency complications may occur during dermatological, surgical, and cosmetic procedures.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the frequency of dermatologists who experienced emergency complications as well as their level of knowledge regarding emergencies and basic life support.MethodsThe cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted online among 240 dermatologists to whom a questionnaire was sent via email and a closed social media group. The survey instrument asked about emergency complications during dermatological, surgical, or cosmetic procedures and the dermatologists' level of knowledge regarding emergencies and basic life support.ResultsAmong the dermatologists, 53% reported emergency complications during dermatological and surgical procedures and 43.2% during cosmetic procedures. The most common complications were vasovagal syncope, hypotension/bleeding, and seizures. Emergency complications were more common among specialists, those with more than 15 years of professional experience, those working in their private clinics, and those performing an average of 10–50 dermatological/surgical procedures per week and fewer than 10 cosmetic procedures per week (p < 0.05). The knowledge level of dermatologists was highest among residents, dermatologists with 0–4 years of professional experience, those working in university hospitals, and those who had both theoretical and practical training in basic life support.ConclusionsThis study shows a relatively high frequency of dermatologists who experienced emergency complications during dermatological, surgical, or cosmetic procedures. Although these complications seem to be common; most of them are mild, self‐limiting, and not life‐threatening. Nevertheless, dermatologists should be competent and prepared to intervene in medical emergencies in daily practice.
Identifying barriers and facilitators for the effective diagnosis and provision of primary health care for otitis media from the perspective of carers of Aboriginal children
Authors: Lau Gloria , Walker Roz , Laird Pamela , Lewis Philomena , Kuthubutheen Jafri , Schultz André 
Published: July 2024

AimTo identify the barriers and facilitators for timely detection and optimal management of otitis media (OM) in Aboriginal children in a primary care setting from the perspective of carers of Aboriginal children.MethodsA qualitative, Aboriginal co‐designed, participatory action research study with interviews and focus groups in a large town in the Kimberley, Western Australia. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research informed stakeholder group identification and interview framework development. Data underwent thematic analysis using NVivo software.ResultsThirty‐two carers of Aboriginal children participated. Key barriers identified for the detection of OM were limited information about OM provided to carers and carers feeling disempowered to express their concerns. Key facilitators identified were the provision of health information through health promotion and the use of culturally secure resources. Having a culturally secure clinical environment was identified as essential, with Aboriginal Health Workers playing a vital role in clinical care. No barriers to management of OM in primary care were reported. Facilitators included health care practitioners (HCPs) emphasising the importance of completing antibiotic course and the clinic providing necessary medications.ConclusionsA culturally secure health promotion strategy with health promotion teams, campaigns and resources is needed to increase community awareness of OM signs and symptoms and facilitate appropriate health seeking. It is essential that the local Aboriginal community co‐lead and co‐develop these initiatives to ensure the unique wisdom and knowledge of Aboriginal people are captured. HCPs and the clinic effectively facilitate management of OM by providing medications and emphasising completion of antibiotics.
Development and validation of a standard area diagram set for assessment of anthracnose severity on cucumber leaves
Authors: Conforto Cinthia , Martins Ricardo Brainer , Nicoli Alessandro , Capucho Alexandre Sandri , Duarte Henrique da Silva Silveira , Michereff Sami Jorge 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnthracnose, caused by species in the Colletotrichum orbiculare complex, is a major foliar disease in open‐field cucumber farming worldwide. This study aimed to develop and validate a standard area diagram (SAD) set to estimate the severity of anthracnose on cucumber leaves. For this purpose, a SAD set with nine levels of severity (1; 3; 5; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50 and 60%) is proposed. The SAD set was validated by 16 raters with no experience in evaluating plant diseases. Both accuracy and precision improved when the proposed SAD set was employed. The statistical parameters were bias coefficient factor‐Cb (no SAD set = 0.891, with SAD set = 0.982); correlation coefficient‐r (no SAD set = 0.851, with SAD set = 0.941); and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient‐ρc (no SAD set = 0.755, with SAD set = 0.924). In addition, estimates were more reliable: intra‐class correlation coefficient‐ρ (no SAD set = 0.646, with SAD set = 0.887). The SAD set proposed here is a useful tool for improving visual assessments of anthracnose severity on cucumber leaves.
Did 2004 EU expansion matter to new migrants' housing tenure and settlement choices in England?
Authors: Jewell Sarah , Nanda Anupam , Oladiran Olayiwola 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper analyses how migration policy changes affect the housing and location patterns of immigrants in the UK. Using the UK Longitudinal Household Survey, we examine the relationship between the 2004 EU accession as a migration policy change and housing and locational patterns. In addition to confirming the importance of migration policy frameworks, we find that liberalised migration can create a wave of immigrants with a lower propensity for homeownership and may cause the dispersion of new immigrants to locations away from the gateway cities and primary immigrant clusters such as London. The results are robust to several sensitivity tests.
Association between the hypokalaemia index based on area over the serum potassium concentration curve and occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients administered liposomal amphotericin B
Authors: Ueda Takashi , Nakajima Kazuhiko , Ichiki Kaoru , Ishikawa Kaori , Yamada Kumiko , Tsuchida Toshie , Otani Naruhito , Takubo Shingo , Iijima Kosuke , Uchino Motoi , Horio Yuki , Kuwahara Ryuichi , Kimura Takeshi , Murakami Yasushi , Nozaki Yasuhiro , Nakama Soichiro , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Takesue Yoshio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) and hypokalaemia are common adverse events after treatment with liposomal amphotericin B (L‐AMB).ObjectivesBecause excess potassium (K) leakage occurs during renal tubular injury caused by L‐AMB, measuring the decrease in rate of serum K concentration might be more useful to assess the renal impact of L‐AMB than hypokalaemia identified from a one‐point measurement. The effects of a decrease in K concentration and duration of hypokalaemia on AKI were investigated.MethodsA ≥ 10% decrease in K concentration from the reference concentration within a 7‐day timeframe was evaluated. The hypokalaemia index, which combines the duration of K concentration lower than the reference and a marked low K concentration, was calculated from the area over the concentration curve.ResultsEighty‐six patients were included in the study. The incidences of AKI and decrease in K concentration were 36.0% and 63.9%, respectively. Of patients who developed both adverse events, a decrease in K concentration occurred first in 22 of 26 patients, followed by AKI 7 days later. Hypokalaemia did not increase AKI risk whereas a decrease in K concentration was an independent risk factor for AKI. The hypokalaemia index in patients with AKI was significantly higher than those without AKI (5.35 vs. 2.50 points, p = 0.002), and ≥3.45 points was a significant predictor for AKI.ConclusionA ≥ 10% decrease in the K concentration was a significant factor for AKI in patients receiving L‐AMB therapy. In such patients, dose reduction or alternative antifungals could be considered based on the hypokalaemia index.
Skin tears in older patients in intensive care units: A multicentre point prevalence study
Authors: Yuceler Kacmaz Hatice , Kahraman Hilal , Topal Hancer Ayşe , Uzgor Füsun , Gur Sevgi , Kalkan Nevra , Ceyhan Ozlem , Yilmaz Meryem , Temel Sahin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the ageing of the global population, it is predicted that the population of older adult patients in hospitals and intensive care units (ICUs) will increase. Because of health conditions, care practices and ageing‐related skin changes, older adult ICU patients are prone to skin integrity problems, including skin tears (STs).AimTo determine the prevalence of STs and associated factors in older patients hospitalized in ICUs.Study DesignThe study is a regional, multicentre, point prevalence study conducted in five centres in the five largest cities in terms of population in the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye. Data were collected simultaneously in each centre on the same day. The list of patients hospitalized in the ICUs on the day of data collection was drawn up, and 200 patients who were 65 years of age or older, were hospitalized in ICUs and agreed to participate in the research were included. The researchers formed an “ST chart” to record patient demographic characteristics, clinical variables and skin assessment.ResultsSTs were detected in 14.5% of patients in ICUs, with 72.5% of them having stage 1 ST. A significant relationship was found between individuals' average body mass index (BMI) (p = .043), age (p = .014), length of stay in the ICU (p = .004) and having ST. There was also a statistically significant relationship between skin temperature (p = .002), skin turgor (p = .001) and ST. More STs were observed in patients with cold skin and low turgor. The prevalence of ST was higher in individuals with a history of ST. Additionally, there was a statistically significant relationship between consciousness (p = .014), incontinence (p = .006), the Braden score (p = .004), the Itaki fall risk score (p = .006) and ST.ConclusionsIn this multicentre point prevalence study, the prevalence of ST in older patients in ICUs was 14.5%, and many factors associated with ST have been identified.Relevance to Clinical PracticeGiven the insufficient information and attention to STs in older adults, the study emphasizes the importance of addressing STs. The impact of STs includes increased treatment costs, length of stay and risk of complications. Therefore, understanding the global extent of STs in ICUs and developing effective interventions for prevention and management are crucial.
Inadequate mentoring in undergraduate research experiences: Exploring protective factors
Authors: Morales Danielle X. , Grineski Sara E. , Collins Timothy W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines instances of negative mentoring among undergraduate researchers within STEM education, and specifically, the common yet subtle issue of inadequate mentoring characterized by a faculty mentor's failure to provide their mentee with adequate research, educational, career‐related, or emotional support. Using data from the Mentor‐Relate survey of 514 participants in the National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates program, we identify prevalent patterns of inadequate mentoring and examine protective factors against it. Results indicate that inadequate research support is the least prevalent form, while inadequate educational and career guidance is more common, and inadequate emotional support is the most prevalent. Enhanced faculty mentoring skills emerge as a protective factor, with culturally responsive mentoring and gender concordance also playing significant protective roles. Less hierarchical mentoring structures, such as multiple faculty mentors, offer better emotional support. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive mentor training and culturally sensitive practices to mitigate inadequate mentoring in undergraduate research experiences. By promoting inclusive and supportive mentoring environments, institutions can maximize the transformative potential of undergraduate research experiences for all participants.
The most optimal school recruitment strategies for school‐based obesity prevention and health promotion research in the United States: A systematic review with Delphi study
Authors: Cepni Aliye B. , Vilson Reshma , Helbing Rachel R. , Walsh David W. , Johnston Craig A. , Yoon Cynthia Y. , Hughes Sheryl O. , Ledoux Tracey A. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThis systematic review with the Delphi study aimed to identify effective and resource‐efficient (optimal) strategies for recruiting schools into health promotion interventions in the United States. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL (EBSCO). A total of 116 interventions reported in 160 articles were included. Most school‐based interventions did not report data regarding school recruitment duration (81%), target school size (63%), and school recruitment strategies (78%). Further, no details were provided regarding the reasons for declining to participate despite being eligible. For the Delphi, responses from 23 researchers in school‐based clinical trials were collected. A qualitative descriptive approach was used for coding responses and collapsed into higher‐order categories based on school recruitment strategies. Delphi participants reported that (1) creating new or leveraging pre‐existing partnerships, (2) intervention champion, (3) minimal school disruptions, (4) working with open mind/flexibility, and (5) transparent communication are the most optimal school recruitment strategies. Staff time and travel were the most frequently reported costs for implementing those strategies. The overall trend in school‐based obesity prevention intervention studies illustrates the importance of a better understanding school recruitment. Improved reporting can allow researchers to budget their time and resources better and provide greater confidence in reaching their target school size.
The effect of diet and temperature on life‐history traits and sexual size dimorphism in a capital‐breeding moth
Authors: Seifert Carlo L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn insects, temperature and diet quality during larval development are two fundamental factors affecting key life history traits that, in turn, determine an individuals' fitness. Life‐history theory predicts that within species, individuals attain larger sizes when developing under colder temperatures (i.e., temperature—size rule) or on high‐quality diet (i.e., allowing for more effective resource acquisition and development). Here, I studied how temperature and host‐plant identity affect growth rate, larval development time and size at maturity in Aglia tau L. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Agliinae), a univoltine capital breeding moth. I further examined whether and to what extent these environmental variables influence the degree of sexual size dimorphism. Caterpillars were reared under two contrasting temperature regimes (constantly 18 and 23°C) and fed with three natural host plants, that is, Carpinus betulus L. (Betulaceae), Fagus sylvatica L. (Fagaceae) and Prunus padus L. (Rosaceae). A full‐factorial analysis of variance design was used to test for effects of temperature and host identity on life history traits and to account for possible interactive effects. Contrary to theory, the body sizes of males and females were maintained at higher temperatures or even increased when reared on the highest quality host plant (Prunus padus). As predicted, the high‐quality host allowed for overall larger body sizes in both sexes and further resulted in a higher degree of sexual size dimorphism. The study highlights the need to account for diet effects when studying temperature‐induced life history responses in insects and to consider further traits that may influence species‐specific reaction norms.
Photosynthetic performance of the red algae Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis under high seawater pH: Excess reactive oxygen production due to carbon limitation
Authors: Xu Hongjun , Pang Tong , Zhang Litao , Liu Jianguo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe red algae Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is extensively cultivated at high densities, leading to significant increases in regional seawater pH due to its photosynthetic removal of inorganic carbon. We conducted a study on G. lemaneiformis cultured under various pH conditions (normal pH, pH 9.3, and pH 9.6) and light levels (dark and 100 μmol photons m−2 s−1) to investigate how high pH seawater environments affect the metabolic processes of G. lemaneiformis. The high pH did not directly damage the photosynthetic light reactions or the Calvin cycle. Instead, the observed reduction in photosynthetic rates was primarily due to CO2 limitation. However, under illuminated conditions, a high pH environment leads to a decrease in electron transport efficiency (ETo/RC) and reaction center density (RC/CSo), while simultaneously increasing the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Under illuminated conditions, the limitation of inhibit the photosynthetic electron transport process, leading to energy imbalance and excessive production of reactive oxygen species, which in turn resulted in lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane. This might be one of the inducing factors responsible for the bleaching in sea‐farmed G. lemaneiformis plants.
Aberrant neural oscillations in poststroke aphasia
Authors: Lu Yeyun , Mao Lin , Wang Peng , Wang Cuicui , Hartwigsen Gesa , Zhang Ye 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeural oscillations are electrophysiological indicators of synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Recent work suggests aberrant patterns of neuronal activity in patients with poststroke aphasia. Yet, there is a lack of systematic explorations of neural oscillations in poststroke aphasia. Investigating changes in the dynamics of neuronal activity after stroke may be helpful to identify neural markers of aphasia and language recovery and increase the current understanding of successful language rehabilitation. This review summarizes research on neural oscillations in poststroke aphasia and evaluates their potential as biomarkers for specific linguistic processes. We searched the literature through PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO, and selected 31 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Our analyses focused on neural oscillation activity in each frequency band, brain connectivity, and therapy‐induced changes during language recovery. Our review highlights potential neurophysiological markers; however, the literature remains confounded, casting doubt on the reliability of these findings. Future research must address these confounds to confirm the robustness of cross‐study findings on neural oscillations in poststroke aphasia.
A discussion on coloniality and global social theory
Authors: Boatcă Manuela , Meghji Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe conversation between Ali Meghji and Manuela Boatcă focuses on how modernity/coloniality may (or may not) be a productive sociological concept in the remit of global social theory and wider political movements. Speaking from within different locations in the imperial core (England and Germany respectively), we discuss how the concept of modernity/coloniality has traveled over to our respective European contexts, and the ways it has informed our sociological approaches to matters such as inter‐imperiality, creolization, decolonization, global racisms and anti‐racisms, and historical sociology. The conversational approach is meant to tease out the multiple ways that modernity/coloniality can inform different—albeit related—aspects of sociological work, and also the varying contexts from which global social theory can be produced.