bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiviral activity of casein and αs2 casein hydrolysates against the infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, a rhabdovirus from salmonid fish
Authors: Rodríguez Saint‐Jean S , De las Heras A , Carrillo W , Recio I , Ortiz‐Delgado J B , Ramos M , Gomez‐Ruiz J A , Sarasquete C , Pérez‐Prieto S I 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSalmonid fish viruses, such as infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), are responsible for serious losses in the rainbow trout and salmon‐farming industries, and they have been the subject of intense research in the field of aquaculture. Thus, the aim of this work is to study the antiviral effect of milk‐derived proteins as bovine caseins or casein‐derived peptides at different stages during the course of IHNV infection. The results indicate that the 3‐h fraction of casein and αS2‐casein hydrolysates reduced the yield of infectious IHNV in a dose‐dependent manner and impaired the production of IHNV‐specific antigens. Hydrolysates of total casein and αS2‐casein target the initial and later stages of viral infection, as demonstrated by the reduction in the infective titre observed throughout multiple stages and cycles. In vivo, more than 50% protection was observed in the casein‐treated fish, and the kidney sections exhibited none of the histopathological characteristics of IHNV infection. The active fractions from casein were identified, as well as one of the individual IHNV‐inhibiting peptides. Further studies will be required to determine which other peptides possess this activity. These findings provide a basis for future investigations on the efficacy of these compounds in treating other viral diseases in farmed fish and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. However, the present results provide convincing evidence in support of a role for several milk casein fractions as suitable candidates to prevent and treat some fish viral infections.
Economic benefits of subcutaneous rapid push versus intravenous immunoglobulin infusion therapy in adult patients with primary immune deficiency
Authors: Martin A. , Lavoie L. , Goetghebeur M. , Schellenberg R. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the economic benefits of immunoglobulin replacement therapy achieved subcutaneously (subcutaneous immunoglobulin, SCIG) by the rapid push method compared to intravenous infusion therapy (intravenous immunoglobulin, IVIG) in primary immune deficiency (PID) patients from the healthcare system perspective in the context of the adult SCIG home infusion program based at St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.Materials and methodsSCIG and IVIG options were compared in cost‐minimisation and budget impact models (BIMs) over 3 years. Sensitivity analyses were performed for both models to evaluate the impact of varying modality of IVIG treatments and proportion of patients switching from IVIG to SCIG.ResultsThe cost‐minimisation model estimated that SCIG treatment reduced cost to the healthcare system per patient of $5736 over 3 years, principally because of less use of hospital personnel. This figure varied between $5035 and $8739 depending on modality of IVIG therapy. Assuming 50% of patients receiving IVIG switched to SCIG, the BIM estimated cost savings for the first 3 years at $1·308 million or 37% of the personnel and supply budget. These figures varied between $1·148 million and $2·454 million (36 and 42%) with varying modalities of IVIG therapy. If 75% of patients switched to SCIG, the reduced costs reached $1·962 million or 56% of total budget.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that from the health system perspective, rapid push home‐based SCIG was less costly than hospital‐based IVIG for immunoglobulin replacement therapy in adult PID patients in the Canadian context.
Development of a nomogram for predicting the stone‐free rate after transurethral ureterolithotripsy using semi‐rigid ureteroscope
Authors: Imamura Yusuke , Kawamura Koji , Sazuka Tomokazu , Sakamoto Shinichi , Imamoto Takashi , Nihei Naoki , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Okano Tatsuya , Nozumi Kuniyoshi , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo develop and to internally validate a novel nomogram for predicting the stone‐free rate after transurethral ureterolithotripsy.MethodsA total of 412 patients with 534 ureteral stones were treated with transurethral ureterolithotripsy using semi‐rigid ureteroscopes. Treatment efficacy was evaluated 3 months after the procedure. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of being stone‐free in the model‐building set. A total of 427 stones (80% of 534) were randomly allocated for identification and statistical analysis to build the model, and the remaining 107 (20%) were used for cross‐validation. A nomogram for the stone‐free rate was developed based on the final logistic regression model.ResultsStone length, number of stones, stone location and the presence of pyuria were independent factors related to the stone‐free rate after transurethral ureterolithotripsy treatment, and these were used to develop a nomogram. In this nomogram, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.7432 for the nomogram, 0.5641 for stone size, 0.5908 for the number of stones, 0.6594 for stone location and 0.6076 for pyuria. Validation using 20% of the data also achieved a reasonable predictive accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.682).ConclusionsThe first nomogram for predicting the stone‐free rate after transurethral ureterolithotripsy was developed. It has a reasonable predictive accuracy, and in combination with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy nomograms, it might be useful for deciding treatment methods.
The World Health Organization–United Nations Population Fund Strategic Partnership Programme's implementation of family planning guidelines and tools in Asia–Pacific countries
Authors: Mody Sheila K. , Ba‐Thike Katherine , Gaffield Mary E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of the Strategic Partnership Programme, a collaboration between the World Health Organization and the United Nations Population Fund to improve evidence‐based guidance for country programs through the introduction of selected practice guidelines to improve sexual and reproductive health.MethodsInformation for this report is from questionnaires sent to Ministries of Health in 2004 (baseline assessment) and in 2007 (assessment of outcome), annual country reports and personal communication with focal points from Ministries of Health and World Health Organization regional and country offices.ResultsFollowing the Strategic Partnership Programme, family planning guidance was used extensively to: formulate and update reproductive health policy; update standards and guidelines; improve training curricula; conduct training activities; develop advocacy and communication materials; and promote change in service.ConclusionThe Strategic Partnership Programme was successful in promoting the introduction of evidence‐based guidelines for reproductive health in several Asian countries. The countries that adapted the family planning guidance observed an increase in demand for contraceptives commodities.
Michael Moore on Torture, Morality, and Law
Authors: Kramer Matthew H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDuring the past few decades, Michael Moore has written incisively on an array of matters concerning the relationships between law and morality. While reflecting on those relationships, he has plumbed the nature of morality itself in impressive depth. Among the topics which he has addressed, the problem of torture has been prominent and controversial. It is a problem, moreover, that has led to some of his most searching enquiries into the character of moral obligations. In the present essay I take issue not only with many of Moore's conclusions about torture, but also with some of his more far‐reaching claims about the domain of morality.
Impact on Modes of Inheritance and Relative Risks of Using Extreme Sampling When Designing Genetic Association Studies
Authors: Zheng Gang , Jinfeng Xu , Yuan Ao , Colin O. Wu 
Published: November 2012

SummaryUsing extreme phenotypes for association studies can improve statistical power . We study the impact of using samples with extremely high or low traits on the alternative model space, the genotype relative risks, and the genetic models in association studies. We prove the following results: when the risk allele causes high‐trait values, the more extreme the high traits, the larger the genotype relative risks, which is not always true for using extreme low traits; we also prove that a genetic model theoretically changes with more extreme trait except for the recessive or dominant models. Practically, however, the impact of deviations from the true genetic model at a functional locus due to selective sampling is virtually negligible. The implications of our findings are discussed. Numerical values are reported for illustrations.
Agricultural price transmission across space and commodities during price bubbles
Authors: Esposti Roberto , Listorti Giulia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article investigates agricultural price transmission during price bubbles. The empirical approach concerns the horizontal transmission of cereal prices both across different market places and across different commodities. The trade policy intervention put forward to mitigate the impact of price exuberance is considered. The analysis is performed using Italian and international weekly spot (cash) price data over years 2006–2010, a period of generalized turbulence of agricultural markets. Firstly, the properties of price time series are explored; then, interdependence across prices is specified and estimated by adopting appropriate cointegration techniques. Results suggest that the bubble had only a slight impact on the price spread and the temporary trade‐policy measure, when effective, has limited this impact.
Caecal abnormality in a layer hen (Gallus gallus forma domestica) not accompanied by deficits in digestive performance or egg productivity
Authors: COURTNEY JONES Stephanie K. , MUNN Adam J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe report a case of a layer hen (Gallus gallus forma domestica) with deviation in the morphology of the caecum, and unique opportunity to investigate the digestive performance of the animal compared with normal hens. In a study investigating digestive and reproductive performance, an atypical caecal arrangement was found in a hen that was unremarkable in regards to body mass, digestive performance and egg productivity in comparison to other hens fed a similar diet. Examination of the gastrointestinal tract revealed a singular tubular outgrowth from the ileo‐caecal junction, rather than the typical paired outgrowths. The single caecal duct bifurcated into two separate blind‐ended sacs. Similar caecal deviations have been described in adult and juveniles, but no indications of animal performance were reported in these cases. We conclude that if the presence of an abnormal caecal arrangement reduces digestive abilities they were not obvious, and some compensatory mechanism/s may exist. Alternatively, the abnormal caecal arrangement of our hen might function adequately, such that no compensation in feed intakes or reduced egg productivity was required or observed.
Effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on viability and biological functions of murine macrophages
Authors: Huang Qin , Xu Xin , Mao Yu‐long , Huang Yi , Rajput Imran R. , Li Wei‐fen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis B10 spores on the viability and biological functions of murine macrophage. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated both with and without B. subtilis B10 spores for 12 h. Then cell viability was determined to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of B. subtilis B10 spores to the cells, and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines were measured to analyze the functions of macrophages. The results showed that B. subtilis B10 spores were not harmful to RAW 264.7 cells and they also strongly enhanced the activities of ACP and LDH (P < 0.01), remarkably increased NO and iNOS production (P < 0.01), and significantly stimulated the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐12 (P < 0.01) while they reduced anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 (P < 0.01). The outcomes suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are not only safe for murine macrophages, but also can activate these cells and enhance their immune function. The above findings suggest that B. subtilis B10 spores are potentially probiotic.
Direct restorative treatment of anterior weared teeth after re‐establishment of occlusal vertical dimension: a case report
Authors: Humel Maria M.C. , Takahashi Jessica M.F.K. , Paulillo Luis A.M.S. , Mesquita Marcelo F. , Martins Luis R.M. 
Published: November 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00630.x

Direct restorative treatment of anterior weared teeth after re‐establishment of occlusal vertical dimension: a case report
Objective:  The loss of posterior teeth resulting in a lack of stability may lead to excessive mandibular load on some points of occlusion of the remaining teeth, causing wear. The rehabilitation of these cases must be carefully planned and the treatment requires a period of adaptation with a new vertical dimension.Background:  This case report describes the treatment of a patient with a loss of almost all posterior inferior teeth and a consequential loss of occlusal vertical dimension and accentuated wear of anterior elements.Materials and methods:  Provisional removable partial dentures were manufactured and the patient used them for a period of adaptation prior to restoration of the anterior teeth. After the patient’s adaptation with the new occlusal dimension, anterior restorations were made using a mycrohibrid resin composite with different color aspects for an optimal stratification.Results:  The restorations achieved an aesthetic configuration with ideal function as the final result and the occlusion showed a satisfactory stability for a provisional removable partial dentures.Conclusion:  This article presents an anterior direct rehabilitation approach not only as an alternative option, but also as viable and less expensive treatment option with an optimally aesthetic and functional result.
Open tibial fractures grade IIIC treated successfully with external fixation, negative‐pressure wound therapy and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7
Authors: Babiak Ireneusz 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe aim of the therapy in open tibial fractures grade III was to cover the bone with soft tissue and achieve healed fracture without persistent infection. Open tibial fractures grade IIIC with massive soft tissue damage require combined orthopaedic, vascular and plastic–reconstructive procedures. Negative‐pressure wound therapy (NPWT), used in two consecutive cases with open fracture grade IIIC of the tibia diaphysis, healed extensive soft tissue defect with exposure of the bone. NPWT eventually allowed for wound closure by split skin graft within 21–25 days. Ilizarov external fixator combined with application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐7 at the site of delayed union enhanced definitive bone healing within 16–18 months.
Appreciating the ‘person’ in long‐term care
Authors: McCormack Brendan , Roberts Tonya , Meyer Julienne , Morgan Debra , Boscart Veronique 
Published: November 2012

Background.  Internationally, approaches to the long‐term care of older people are changing. New models are being developed that aim to de‐institutionalise care settings, maximise opportunities for older people to participate in decision‐making and move from a predominant medical model of care to one that is community orientated.Aims.  The aim of this study is to highlight similarities and differences between the different models that exist and explore the implications of these for the role of the registered nurse in long‐term care.Methods.  We chose three models for review as these represent a range of views of person centredness, each having distinct roots and focus. The models chosen were as follows: (i) culture change, (ii) person‐centred practice and (iii) relationship‐centred care.Results.  The review highlights two key issues – (i) the distinctiveness of different models and frameworks and (ii) different interpretations of ‘person’. Firstly, we identify a disconnection between espoused differences between models and frameworks and the reality of these differences. The evidence also identifies how some models and frameworks adopt a more inclusive conceptualisation of person and personhood and do not define personhood in relation to role (resident, nurse and family member).Conclusions.  There is merit in the development of models and frameworks that try to make explicit the different dimensions of person centredness in long‐term care. However, the focus on the development of these, without sufficient attention being paid to evidence of best practices grounded in the concept of personhood, person‐centred care is in danger of losing its original humanistic emphasis. Further, models and frameworks need to take account of the personhood of all persons.Implications for practice.  Registered nurses need to have an understanding of the concept of personhood to make sense of the various person‐centred practice frameworks that exist. Without this understanding, there is a danger that the essence of personhood may be lost in the zeal to implement particular models and frameworks.
Repellent efficacy and safety evaluation of IR3535 derivative against Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes togoi
Authors: Park Sung Jin , Yu Mi hee , Kim Ji Eun , Park Min Ju , Lee In Seon , Lee Jihoon , Lee Jinho , Kim Bae Hwan , Lee Dong Kyu , Lee Sam Pin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe IR3535 derivative (LJH158), in which the ethyl ester of IR3535 was converted to methyl ester, was synthesized and studied as a new mosquito repellent. The repellent efficacy of LJH158 was compared with that of DEET against Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes togoi. Also, the aromatic repellent tests were conducted with mixtures of repellents and the essential oils of cinnamon, which were obtained by supercritical fluid extraction. In addition, the safety issues of LJH158 were monitored using single oral dose safety methods and eye irritation, and skin irritation tests. The results of repellent efficacy in both biting and aromatic tests and safety tests demonstrate that LJH158 has high potential to be used as a new repellent or in combination with other repellents.
Insecticidal activity of recombinant baculovirus expressing both spider toxin isolated from Araneus ventricosus and Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein fused to a viral polyhedrin
Authors: Jung Myung‐Pyo , Choi Jae Young , Tao Xue Ying , Jin Byung Rae , Je Yeon Ho , Park Hong‐Hyun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA novel recombinant Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), ApPolh5‐3006AvTox2, co‐expressing two insecticidal toxins, one isolated from the spider Araneus ventricosus, and the other from Bacillus thuringiensis, was constructed to improve the insecticidal activity of AcMNPV. The recombinant virus was designed to express insect‐specific spider toxin, Av‐Tox2, under control of the early promoter from Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV). In addition, the B. thuringiensis cry1‐5 crystal protein gene was introduced into the genome of this recombinant virus by fusing it with the viral polyhedrin gene, thus creating a hybrid polyhedrin‐cry1‐5 gene under control of the polyhedrin gene promoter. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis revealed that both Av‐Tox2 and Polyhedrin‐Cry1‐5 fusion protein were successfully expressed in the infected cells. In addition, SDS‐PAGE revealed that Polyhedrin‐Cry1‐5 fusion protein expressed by recombinant viruses occluded the polyhedra. ApPolh5‐3006AvTox2 showed significantly reduced LD50 and ST50 values against both Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera exigua larvae. These results strongly suggested that coexpression of spider and B. thuringiensis insecticidal toxins could be successful in improving the insecticidal activity of baculoviruses.
The relationship between nurses’ oral hygiene and the mouth care of their patients
Authors: Ashkenazi Malka , Yaish Yaniv , Yitzhak Moran , Sarnat Haim , Rakocz Meir 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTTo investigate the extent to which a relationship may exist between nurses’ own oral hygiene and their commitment and capability of following instructions for tooth brushing with conventional and triple‐headed toothbrushes, to cerebral palsy (CP) children. The study included 43 individuals with CP and their 44 nurses. A structured questionnaire was designed to assess I. Demographic characteristics of the nurses II. Nurses’ knowledge and maintenance of their own oral‐hygiene and that of their CP patients. Nurses’ ability to follow instruction for tooth‐brushing was evaluated and scored using the TB‐PS‐I/Ashkenazi index following the first brushing, as well as on a recall visit one month later. More nurses (72.7%) reported routine tooth‐brushing in the morning than in the evening (40.9%). Most nurses (73%) reported not flossing their teeth at all, and more than half reported visiting their dentist only when they suffer pain. A positive correlation was found between the nurses’ knowledge of preventive oral measures and their compliance with their own oral hygiene and with that of their CP patients. Similarly, a positive correlation was found between nurses’ receiving previous instruction for correct oral hygiene and their maintenance of their patients’ oral hygiene. Institutions for CP patients should disseminate information on oral hygiene to staff, as a means of increasing their maintenance of their patients’ oral health.
Different Physiological Reactions at Vegetative and Generative Stage of Development of Field Bean Plants Exposed to Flooding and Undergoing Recovery
Authors: Pociecha E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPlants at various stages of growth are differentiated in their susceptibility to environmental stresses and possibility of regeneration during recovery period after cessation of stress. The role of antioxidative enzymes in the stabilisation of the physiological state of field bean plants was studied. Catalase, peroxidises activity, and hydrogen peroxide accumulation were determined after 1 and 7 days of flooding and after 1 and 7 days of recovery from flooding. The influence of flooding on plants growth was analysed on the basis of leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR). Changes in antioxidative enzymes caused by flooding applied at vegetative stage were reversible. In generative plants, antioxidative enzymes were activated to a greater extent during recovery period and in contrast to vegetative plants did not attain the control level after that period. The reduction in growth was greater when flooding stress was applied at vegetative stage. Vegetative plants regardless of the stabilisation of antioxidant system were not able to restore the physiological function to attain the optimal growth level after flooding. Probably other injuries caused by flooding had a dominant effect on enzymatic antioxidant changes during stress period.