bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral flow and the conformal block expansion for strings in AdS3
Authors: Iguri Sergio , Kovensky Nicolas , Toro Julián H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present a detailed study of spectrally flowed four-point functions in the SL(2,ℝ) WZW model, focusing on their conformal block decomposition. Dei and Eberhardt conjectured a general formula relating these observables to their unflowed counterparts. Although the latter are not known in closed form, their conformal block expansion has been formally established. By combining this information with the integral transform that encodes the effect of spectral flow, we show how to describe a considerable number of s-channel exchanges, including cases with both flowed and unflowed intermediate states. For all such processes, we compute the normalization of the corresponding conformal blocks in terms of products of the recently derived flowed three-point functions with arbitrary spectral flow charges. Our results constitute a highly non-trivial consistency check, thus strongly supporting the aforementioned conjecture, and establishing its computational power.
Unleashing the power of EFT in neutrino-nucleus scattering
Authors: Kopp Joachim , Rocco Noemi , Tabrizi Zahra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Neutrino physics is advancing into a precision era with the construction of new experiments, particularly in the few GeV energy range. Within this energy range, neutrinos exhibit diverse interactions with nucleons and nuclei. This study delves in particular into neutrino-nucleus quasi-elastic cross sections, taking into account both standard and, for the first time, non-standard interactions, all within the framework of effective field theory (EFT). The main uncertainties in these cross sections stem from uncertainties in the nucleon-level form factors, and from the approximations necessary to solve the nuclear many-body problem. We explore how these uncertainties influence the potential of neutrino experiments to probe new physics introduced by left-handed, right-handed, scalar, pseudoscalar, and tensor interactions. For some of these interactions the cross section is enhanced, making long-baseline experiments an excellent place to search for them. Our results, including tabulated cross sections for all interaction types and all neutrino flavors, can serve as the foundation for such searches.
Complete CP eigen-bases of mesonic chiral Lagrangian up to p8-order
Authors: Li Xuan-He , Sun Hao , Tang Feng-Jie , Yu Jiang-Hao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chiral perturbation theory systematically describes the low energy dynamics of meson and baryons using nonlinear Nambu-Goldstone fields. Using the Young tensor technique, we construct the pure mesonic effective operators up to p8-order, one-to-one corresponding to contact amplitudes with the on-shell Adler zero condition. The off-shell external sources, non-vanishing under equation-of-motion conditions, are also added to the operator bases. We also show the invariant tensor bases using the Young tableau is equivalent to the trace bases with Cayley-Hamilton relations. Separated into different CP eigenstates, at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({p}^8\right) $$
O

p
8

we obtain the operator lists of the 567 C+P+ operators, 483 C+P- operators, 376 C-P+ operators, and 408 C-P- operators for SU(2) case, while there are 1959 C+P+ operators, 1809 C+P- operators, 1520 C-P+ operators, and 1594 C-P- operators for SU(3) case, consistent with results using the Hilbert series.
Early universe in quantum gravity
Authors: Modesto Leonardo , Calcagni Gianluca 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present a new picture of the early universe in finite nonlocal quantum gravity, which is Weyl invariant at the classical and quantum levels. The high-energy regime of the theory consists of two phases, a Weyl invariant trans-Planckian phase and a post-Planckian or Higgs phase described by an action quadratic in the Ricci tensor and where the cosmos evolves according to the standard radiation-dominated model. In the first phase, all the issues of the hot big bang such as the singularity, flatness, and horizon problems find a universal and simple non-inflationary solution by means of Weyl invariance, regardless of the microscopic details of the theory. In the second phase, once Weyl symmetry is spontaneously broken, primordial perturbations are generated around a background that asymptotically evolves as a radiation-dominated flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker universe.
Null states and time evolution in a toy model of black hole dynamics
Authors: Dong Xi , Kolanowski Maciej , Liu Xiaoyi , Marolf Donald , Wang Zhencheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Spacetime wormholes can provide non-perturbative contributions to the gravitational path integral that make the actual number of states eS in a gravitational system much smaller than the number of states $$ {e}^{S_{\textrm{p}}} $$

e

S
p

predicted by perturbative semiclassical effective field theory. The effects on the physics of the system are naturally profound in contexts in which the perturbative description actively involves N = O(eS) of the possible $$ {e}^{S_{\textrm{p}}} $$

e

S
p

perturbative states; e.g., in late stages of black hole evaporation. Such contexts are typically associated with the existence of non-trivial quantum extremal surfaces. However, by forcing a simple topological gravity model to evolve in time, we find that such effects can also have large impact for N ≪ eS (in which case no quantum extremal surfaces can arise). In particular, even for small N, the insertion of generic operators into the path integral can cause the non-perturbative time evolution to differ dramatically from perturbative expectations. On the other hand, this discrepancy is small for the special case where the inserted operators are non-trivial only in a subspace of dimension D ≪ eS. We thus study this latter case in detail. We also discuss potential implications for more realistic gravitational systems.
HiPSC-derived 3D neural models reveal neurodevelopmental pathomechanisms of the Cockayne Syndrome B
Authors: Kapr Julia , Scharkin Ilka , Ramachandran Haribaskar , Westhoff Philipp , Pollet Marius , Dangeleit Selina , Brockerhoff Gabriele , Rossi Andrea , Koch Katharina , Krutmann Jean , Fritsche Ellen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCockayne Syndrome B (CSB) is a hereditary multiorgan syndrome which—through largely unknown mechanisms—can affect the brain where it clinically presents with microcephaly, intellectual disability and demyelination. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural 3D models generated from CSB patient-derived and isogenic control lines, we here provide explanations for these three major neuropathological phenotypes. In our models, CSB deficiency is associated with (i) impaired cellular migration due to defective autophagy as an explanation for clinical microcephaly; (ii) altered neuronal network functionality and neurotransmitter GABA levels, which is suggestive of a disturbed GABA switch that likely impairs brain circuit formation and ultimately causes intellectual disability; and (iii) impaired oligodendrocyte maturation as a possible cause of the demyelination observed in children with CSB. Of note, the impaired migration and oligodendrocyte maturation could both be partially rescued by pharmacological HDAC inhibition.
Graphical Abstract
On the Support of Anomalous Dissipation Measures
Authors: De Rosa Luigi , Drivas Theodore D. , Inversi Marco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBy means of a unifying measure-theoretic approach, we establish lower bounds on the Hausdorff dimension of the space-time set which can support anomalous dissipation for weak solutions of fluid equations, both in the presence or absence of a physical boundary. Boundary dissipation, which can occur at both the time and the spatial boundary, is analyzed by suitably modifying the Duchon & Robert interior distributional approach. One implication of our results is that any bounded Euler solution (compressible or incompressible) arising as a zero viscosity limit of Navier–Stokes solutions cannot have anomalous dissipation supported on a set of dimension smaller than that of the space. This result is sharp, as demonstrated by entropy-producing shock solutions of compressible Euler (Drivas and Eyink in Commun Math Phys 359(2):733–763, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-017-3078-4; Majda in Am Math Soc 43(281):93, 1983. https://doi.org/10.1090/memo/0281) and by recent constructions of dissipative incompressible Euler solutions (Brue and De Lellis in Commun Math Phys 400(3):1507–1533, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-022-04626-0 624; Brue et al. in Commun Pure App Anal, 2023), as well as passive scalars (Colombo et al. in Ann PDE 9(2):21–48, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40818-023-00162-9; Drivas et al. in Arch Ration Mech Anal 243(3):1151–1180, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00205-021-01736-2). For $$L^q_tL^r_x$$

L
t
q

L
x
r

suitable Leray–Hopf solutions of the $$d-$$

d
-

dimensional Navier–Stokes equation we prove a bound of the dissipation in terms of the Parabolic Hausdorff measure $$\mathcal {P}^{s}$$

P

s

, which gives $$s=d-2$$

s
=
d
-
2

as soon as the solution lies in the Prodi–Serrin class. In the three-dimensional case, this matches with the Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg partial regularity.
Trevo 3 Mm and/or AXS Catalyst 5 for the Treatment of Medium Distal Vessel Occlusion Stroke—results from the ASSIST Registry
Authors: Ntoulias Nikolaos , Brehm Alex , Miralbés Salvador , Naravetla Bharath , Spiotta Alejandro , Loehr Christian , Martínez-Galdámez Mario , McTaggart Ryan , Defreyne Luc , Vega Pedro , Zaidat Osama O. , Price Lori Lyn , Liebeskind David S. , Möhlenbruch Markus , Gupta Rishi , Psychogios Marios-Nikos ,   ASSIST Investigator
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The effect of endovascular therapy (EVT) on the outcome of stroke patients with a medium distal vessel occlusion (MDVO) is unclear. We report the results of MDVO patients treated with the 3 mm Trevo stent retriever (SR) and/or the AXS Catalyst 5 distal access catheter.

Methods
Data was derived from a prospective, multicenter global registry (ASSIST registry) which enrolled patients treated with operator preferred EVT technique at 71 sites from January 2019 to January 2022. Three techniques were assessed: SR classic, direct aspiration, and a combined approach. Additional inclusion criteria were (a) EVT performed with the 3 mm Trevo SR and/or AXS Catalyst 5 distal access catheter on the first pass and (b) an occlusion of the M2 segment or M3 segment of the middle cerebral artery or the A1, A2 or A3 segment of the anterior cerebral artery. The primary outcome was achieving an expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) score of 2c or 3 on the first pass, with the primary technique as adjudicated by core lab. The primary clinical outcome measure was a 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2.

Results
A total of 155 patients (10.4% of the ASSIST population) were included. Most patients had an M2 occlusion (93.5%). First pass eTICI reperfusion was achieved in 43.1% of the patients. No modifying effect of the frontline technique was found. The rate of mRS 0–2 (overall 65.0%) did not significantly differ between groups.

Conclusion
The data suggests that the Trevo 3 mm SR and/or the AXS Catalyst 5 may be an option to treat medium distal vessel occlusion, but more data is needed to demonstrate safety and efficacy in this patient cohort. Further improvements are needed regarding materials and techniques to improve reperfusion results in this patient cohort in the future.
Assistierte Suizide in München – eine Analyse vorliegender Gutachten
Authors: Schäffer B. , Peschel O. , Graw M. , Gleich S. 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Autoren hatten in 3 vorangehenden Publikationen dieser Fachzeitschrift erste Daten zu assistierten Suiziden (AS) in München vorgestellt. Ergänzend wird nun die Qualität vorliegender Gutachten von AS-Fällen untersucht.

Methode
Alle Münchner Todesbescheinigungen vom 01.01.2020 bis zum 31.12.2023 wurden auf AS-Sterbefälle geprüft. Waren in den korrespondierenden staatsanwaltschaftlichen Akten Gutachten enthalten, wurden diese AS-Fälle anonymisiert und deskriptiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Psychiatrische Erkrankungen mit einem potenziellen Einfluss auf die Freiverantwortlichkeit wie Depressionen, kognitive Einschränkungen und Demenz lagen bei knapp 24 %, 3 % bzw. 7 % der Fälle vor. In diesen Fällen wurden in weniger als der Hälfte Fachgutachter aus Psychiatrie oder Psychologie beauftragt. In fast zwei Dritteln der Fälle handelte es sich bei Gutachter, assistierendem Arzt und Leichenschauer um dieselbe Person. Fast ein Fünftel der Gutachten wurde von den Autoren lediglich als Attest eingestuft. Nur in etwa zwei Dritteln der Fälle waren die Nennung von Alternativen zum AS und die Überprüfung der körperlichen Voraussetzungen für die Tatherrschaft des Suizidwilligen dokumentiert.

Diskussion
Die vom Bundesverfassungsgericht geforderte Freiverantwortlichkeit als Voraussetzung für die Straffreiheit eines AS umfasst nach fachlicher Bewertung der Autoren: 1. kompetente Begutachtung der Einwilligungsfähigkeit, 2. ergebnisoffene, umfassende, frühzeitige und ggf. interdisziplinäre Aufklärung, 3. transparente Vorbereitung des AS mit Trennung der Rollen von behandelndem und aufklärendem Arzt, Gutachter, assistierendem Arzt sowie Leichenschauer und 4. ausreichende Reflexionsphasen für den Suizidenten. Eine Überprüfung der Eignung der Gutachter wäre wünschenswert. Jedenfalls bei Anhaltspunkten für mangelnde Freiverantwortlichkeit sollten Fachärzte für Psychiatrie miteinbezogen werden. Gutachten sollten standardisiert abgefasst werden.
Relative assembly maps and the K-theory of Hecke algebras in prime characteristic
Authors: Lück W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate the relative assembly map from the family of finite subgroups to the family of virtually cyclic subgroups for the algebraic K-theory of twisted group rings of a group G with coefficients in a regular ring R or, more generally, with coefficients in a regular additive category. They are known to be isomorphisms rationally. We show that it suffices to invert only those primes p for which G contains a non-trivial finite p-group and p is not invertible in R. The key ingredient is the detection of Nil-terms of a twisted group ring of a finite group F after localizing at p in terms of the p-subgroups of F using Verschiebungs and Frobenius operators. We construct and exploit the structure of a module over the ring of big Witt vectors on the Nil-terms. We analyze the algebraic K-theory of the Hecke algebras of subgroups of reductive p-adic groups in prime characteristic.
The simplicial complex of Brauer pairs of a finite reductive group
Authors: Rossi Damiano 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study the simplicial complex induced by the poset of Brauer pairs ordered by inclusion for the family of finite reductive groups. In the defining characteristic case the homotopy type of this simplicial complex coincides with that of the Tits building thanks to a well-known result of Quillen. On the other hand, in the non-defining characteristic case, we show that the simplicial complex of Brauer pairs is homotopy equivalent to a simplicial complex determined by generalised Harish-Chandra theory. This extends earlier results of the author on the Brown complex and makes use of the theory of connected subpairs and twisted block induction developed by Cabanes and Enguehard.
Late development of OCD-like phenotypes in Dlgap1 knockout mice
Authors: Minagawa Kimino , Hayakawa Takashi , Akimoto Hayato , Nagashima Takuya , Takahashi Yasuo , Asai Satoshi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Rationale
Despite variants in the Dlgap1 gene having the two lowest p-value in a genome-wide association study of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), previous studies reported the absence of OCD-like phenotypes in Dlgap1 knockout (KO) mice. Since these studies observed behavioral phenotypes only for a short period, development of OCD-like phenotypes in these mice at older ages was still plausible.

Objective
To examine the presence or absence of development of OCD-like phenotypes in Dlgap1 KO mice and their responsiveness to fluvoxamine.

Methods and results
Newly produced Dlgap1 KO mice were observed for a year. Modified SHIRPA primary screen in 2-month-old homozygous mutant mice showed only weak signs of anxiety, stress conditions and aggression. At older ages, however, these mutant mice exhibited excessive self-grooming characterized by increased scratching which led to skin lesions. A significant sex difference was observed in this scratching behavior. The penetrance of skin lesions reached 50% at 6–7 months of age and 90% at 12 months of age. In the open-field test performed just after the appearance of these lesions, homozygous mutant mice spent significantly less time in the center, an anxiety-like behavior, than did their wild-type and heterozygous littermates, none and less than 10% of which showed skin lesions at 1 year, respectively. The skin lesions and excessive self-grooming were significantly alleviated by two-week treatment with fluvoxamine.

Conclusion
Usefulness of Dlgap1 KO mice as a tool for investigating the pathogenesis of OCD-like phenotypes and its translational relevance was suggested.
An advancement of the gravimetric isotope mixture method rendering the knowledge of the spike purity superfluous
Authors: Flierl Lukas , Rienitz Olaf , Vogl Jochen , Pramann Axel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The gravimetric isotope mixture method is the primary method to determine absolute isotope ratios. This method, however, depends on the existence of suitable spike materials and knowledge of their purities. Determining the purity of the spikes can be tedious and labour-intensive. In this publication, an advancement of the gravimetric isotope mixture method, rendering the determination of the purity of the spike materials unnecessary, is presented. The advancement combines mass spectrometry and ion chromatography leading to an approach being independent of the purity of the spike materials. In the manuscript the mathematical background and the basic idea of the novel approach are described using a two-isotope system like copper or lithium.

Graphical abstract
Iron changes within infarct tissue in ischemic stroke patients after successful reperfusion quantified using QSM
Authors: Kataike Victoria Mercy , Desmond Patricia M. , Steward Christopher , Mitchell Peter J. , Davey Christian , Yassi Nawaf , Bivard Andrew , Parsons Mark W. , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Ng Felix , Venkatraman Vijay 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
For nearly half of patients who undergo Endovascular Thrombectomy following ischemic stroke, successful recanalisation does not guarantee a good outcome. Understanding the underlying tissue changes in the infarct tissue with the help of biomarkers specific to ischemic stroke could offer valuable insights for better treatment and patient management decisions. Using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) MRI to measure cerebral iron concentration, this study aims to track the progression of iron within the infarct lesion after successful reperfusion.

Methods
In a prospective study of 87 ischemic stroke patients, successfully reperfused patients underwent MRI scans at 24-to-72 h and 3 months after reperfusion. QSM maps were generated from gradient-echo MRI images. QSM values, measured in parts per billion (ppb), were extracted from ROIs defining the infarct and mirror homolog in the contralateral hemisphere and were compared cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Results
QSM values in the infarct ROIs matched those of the contralateral ROIs at 24-to-72 h, expressed as median (interquartile range) ppb [0.71(-7.67-10.09) vs. 2.20(-10.50-14.05) ppb, p = 0.55], but were higher at 3 months [10.68(-2.30-21.10) vs. -1.27(-12.98-9.82) ppb, p < 0.001]. The infarct QSM values at 3 months were significantly higher than those at 24-to-72 h [10.41(-2.50-18.27) ppb vs. 1.68(-10.36-12.25) ppb, p < 0.001]. Infarct QSM at 24-to-72 h and patient outcome measured at three months did not demonstrate a significant association.

Conclusion
Following successful endovascular reperfusion, iron concentration in infarct tissue, as measured by QSM increases over time compared to that in healthy tissue. However, its significance warrants further investigation.
Improved Code Team Performance and Outcomes After Implementation of Moderate Fidelity In Situ Simulation in a Pediatric Cardiac Acute Care Unit
Authors: Woodard Frances K. , McKeta Angela S. , Schroeder Luke , Zyblewski Sinai C. , Buckley Jason R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChildren with cardiac disease suffer higher rates of in-hospital cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest outside of the intensive care unit (ICU) is an infrequent event, which is a threat for suboptimal code team performance. Shorter time to the first epinephrine dose during cardiac arrest has been associated with improved survival and neurologic outcomes. Moderate fidelity in situ simulation training was implemented in the pediatric cardiac acute care unit (PCACU) to improve code team performance in August 2015. A small interprofessional team of simulation facilitators was developed that included nurses, physicians, and advanced practice providers. The primary outcome was time to first epinephrine dose in pulseless electrical activity (PEA) scenarios. Time to epinephrine of all simulation exercises, and actual cardiac arrests, that occurred in the PCACU were reviewed through May 2022. A total of 72 simulations were performed and 42 (58%) were PEA scenarios. A center line shift was observed for time to epinephrine for simulated PEA cardiac arrests (from 5 to 3 min). After implementation of simulation exercises, a center line shift was observed for time to epinephrine for actual cardiac arrests in the PCACU (from 8 to 2 min). Survival to hospital discharge after cardiac arrest improved after implementation of the training (0% vs. 64%, p = 0.02). Code team performance, as measured by time to epinephrine, can be improved following implementation of in situ simulation exercises in a pediatric cardiac acute care unit. Optimizing code team performance may contribute to improved patient outcomes.
Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum in Retail Peanut Butters from a 2007 Survey in Ottawa, Canada
Authors: Harris Richard A. , Bussey Jeff , Flint Annika , Blondin-Brosseau Madeleine , Weedmark Kelly , Austin John W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium botulinum, can cause intestinal toxemia (colonization) botulism in adults and infants by colonizing the gut and producing botulinum neurotoxin in situ. In 2006, peanut butter was identified as a lab-confirmed source of C. botulinum spores for an adult colonization botulism case in Canada. It is recommended for infants to be exposed to peanut butter at an early age to help prevent the development of a peanut allergy, yet the prevalence of C. botulinum in retail peanut butters is currently unknown. This report details a survey that was conducted in 2007 for the presence of viable C. botulinum spores in 92 peanut butters and 12 other nut butter spreads obtained from retail grocery stores in Ottawa, Canada. Samples were tested for viable C. botulinum spores by detecting botulinum neurotoxin in enrichment cultures by mouse bioassay. Three of the peanut butters from the entire survey of nut butter spreads (3/104, 3%) produced cultures containing botulinum neurotoxin. Whole genome sequencing performed on one isolate from this survey, as well as a clinical isolate and peanut butter isolates associated with the 2006 adult colonization case revealed that all C. botulinum isolates contained a full-length chromosomal bont/A1 gene within an ha–orf + cassette. This study identifies retail peanut butters as a potential source of viable C. botulinum spores at the time of sampling. Whether peanut butter represents a food category that may be contributing to the incidence of infant botulism has yet to be determined.