bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Outcome of IPAA in Patients Presenting with Fulminant Ulcerative Colitis: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Fasen Geoffrey S. , Pandian T. K. , Pavey Emily S. , Dozois Eric J. , Boostrom Sarah Y. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundStudies reveal that ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA) has long‐term success. These reports, however, use well‐selected cohorts and exclude patients presenting with fulminant colitis (FC). Herein, we aimed to characterize long‐term functional outcomes in patients with fulminant ulcerative colitis (UC) undergoing IPAA.MethodsA prospective database identified patients who underwent IPAA between 1998 and 2008. Patients with FC and chronic UC were matched by age, gender, date of surgery, and follow‐up duration. Clinical and laboratory parameters, immunomodulator use at the time of surgery, and functional outcomes were compared.ResultsForty patients with FC and 73 patients with chronic UC were identified. Preoperative albumin, hemoglobin, leukocyte count, and steroid dose were significantly different for those with FC. Average survey follow‐up was 5.2 years for FC and 6.7 years for chronic UC patients. Functional outcomes were not significantly different. The 3‐year fistula‐free rate was 91.4 versus 98.6 % and the 3‐year stricture‐free rate was 79.3 versus 87.2 % for FC versus chronic UC patients, respectively.ConclusionPatients undergoing colectomy for FC secondary to UC have similar long‐term functional outcomes after IPAA despite significantly worse presentation. This study confirms that IPAA is an appropriate and durable treatment for patients with FC.
Determinants of Surgical Site Infections Following Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Barreto Savio George , Singh Manish Kumar , Sharma Sunil , Chaudhary Adarsh 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundSurgical site infections (SSI) following pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) contribute to adverse perioperative and long‐term outcomes. Hence, the need to determine the modifiable factors related to their causation.AimTo identify demographic, nutritional, surgical and histopathological factors significantly associated with incisional SSIs.MethodsA retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of consecutive patients who underwent PD for pancreatic and periampullary lesions at a tertiary care referral centre, between April 2010 and June 2014 was carried out. Patients were divided into two groups based on the SSIs (Group 1—With SSI; Group 2—No SSI). All patients were administered three, once daily doses of Ertapenem (1 g) as follows: within 1 h prior to induction, and on day 1 and day 2 following surgery. No further antibiotics were given prior to discharge unless clinically indicated.Results35 out of 277 patients (12.6 %) developed SSIs. No demographic (age, sex, BMI), nutritional (serum albumin), surgical (pancreatic duct size and texture, surgical duration and intraoperative blood transfusions) and histopathological factors (malignancy vs. benign) were noted between the two groups. However, SSIs were significantly higher in patients with endocrine co‐morbidities (other than diabetes mellitus), in those patients who had undergone prior ERCP and stenting, as well as an end‐to‐side pancreaticojejunostomy. Patients with diabetes mellitus had a significantly lower incidence of wound infections (P =. 014).ConclusionPreoperative ERCP and stenting, end‐to‐side PJ and the presence of non‐diabetic endocrine co‐morbidity may result in a significantly higher risk of SSIs. Further studies targeting these patient subpopulations are warranted to enable a better understanding of how these factors contribute to the incidence of SSIs following PD.
Comparing the Functioning of Youth and Adult Partnerships for Health Promotion
Authors: Brown Louis D. , Redelfs Alisha H. , Taylor Thomas J. , Messer Reanna L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractYouth partnerships are a promising but understudied strategy for prevention and health promotion. Specifically, little is known about how the functioning of youth partnerships differs from that of adult partnerships. Accordingly, this study compared the functioning of youth partnerships with that of adult partnerships. Several aspects of partnership functioning, including leadership, task focus, cohesion, participation costs and benefits, and community support, were examined. Standardized partnership functioning surveys were administered to participants in three smoke‐free youth coalitions (n = 44; 45 % female; 43 % non‐Hispanic white; mean age = 13) and in 53 Communities That Care adult coalitions (n = 673; 69 % female; 88 % non‐Hispanic white; mean age = 49). Multilevel regression analyses showed that most aspects of partnership functioning did not differ significantly between youth and adult partnerships. These findings are encouraging given the success of the adult partnerships in reducing community‐level rates of substance use and delinquency. Although youth partnership functioning appears to be strong enough to support effective prevention strategies, youth partnerships faced substantially more participation difficulties than adult partnerships. Strategies that youth partnerships can use to manage these challenges, such as creative scheduling and increasing opportunities for youth to help others directly, are discussed.
Management of Discharged Emergency Department Patients with a Primary Diagnosis of Hypertension: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Cho Dennis D. , Austin Peter C. , Atzema Clare L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionMany patients are seen in the emergency department (ED) for hypertension, and the numbers will likely increase in the future. Given limited evidence to guide the management of such patients, the practice of one’s peers provides a de facto standard.MethodsA survey was distributed to emergency physicians during academic rounds at three community and four tertiary EDs. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of participants who had a blood pressure (BP) threshold at which they would offer a new antihypertensive prescription to patients they were sending home from the ED. Secondary outcomes included patient- and provider-level factors associated with initiating an antihypertensive based on clinical vignettes of a 69-year-old man with two levels of hypertension (160/100 vs 200/110 mm Hg), as well as the recommended number of days after which to follow up with a primary care provider following ED discharge.ResultsAll 81 surveys were completed (100%). Half (51.9%; 95% CI 40.5-63.1) of participants indicated that they had a systolic BP threshold for initiating an antihypertensive, and 55.6% (95% CI 44.1-66.6) had a diastolic threshold: mean systolic threshold was 199 mm Hg (SD 19) while diastolic was 111 mm Hg (SD 8). A higher BP (OR 12.9; 95% CI 7.5-22.2) and more patient comorbidities (OR 3.0; 95% CI 2.1-4.3) were associated with offering an antihypertensive prescription, while physician years of practice, certification type, and hospital type were not. Participants recommended follow-up care within a median 7.0 and 3.0 days for the patient with lower and higher BP levels, respectively.ConclusionsHalf of surveyed emergency physicians report having a BP threshold to start an antihypertensive; BP levels and number of patient comorbidities were associated with a modification of the decision, while physician characteristics were not. Most physicians recommended follow-up care within seven days of ED discharge.
The Absence of Fever or Leukocytosis Does Not Exclude Infection Following Cranioplasty
Authors: Girgis Fady , Walcott Brian P. , Kwon Churl-Su , Sheth Sameer A. , Asaad Wael , Nahed Brian V. , Eskandar Emad N. , Coumans Jean-Valery 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground: Cranioplasty encompasses various cranial reconstruction techniques that are used following craniectomy due to stroke or trauma. Despite classical infectious signs, symptoms, and radiologic findings, however, the diagnosis of infection following cranioplasty can be elusive, with the potential to result in definitive treatment delay. We sought to determine if fever or leukocytosis at presentation were indicative of infection, as well as to identify any factors that may limit its applicability. Methods: Following institutional review board approval, a retrospective cohort of 239 patients who underwent cranioplasty following craniectomy for stroke or trauma was established from 2001-2011 at a single center (Massachusetts General Hospital). Analysis was then focused on those who developed a surgical site infection, as defined by either frank intra-operative purulence or positive intra-operative cultures, and subsequently underwent operative management. Results: In 27 total cases of surgical site infection, only two had a fever and four had leukocytosis at presentation. This yielded a false-negative rate for fever of 92.6% and for leukocytosis of 85.2%. In regard to infectious etiology, 22 (81.5%) cases generated positive intra-operative cultures, with Propionibacterium acnes being the most common organism isolated. Median interval to infection was 99 days from initial cranioplasty to time of infectious presentation, and average follow-up was 3.4 years. Conclusions: The utilization of fever and elevated white blood cell count in the diagnosis of post-cranioplasty infection is associated with a high false-negative rate, making the absence of these features insufficient to exclude the diagnosis of infection.
The Choreography of Community Service: A Case Study
Authors: Bower Krista 
Published: June 2015

This paper discusses a graduate thesis project aimed to serve underprivileged teenage girls residing in a foster care facility through engagement in a collaborative dance-making process with students from a university dance department. While the project focused upon the choreography of trained and untrained bodies as a vehicle for service, it also considers the choreography of the foster care system (involving a continual negotiation of personal, relational, and environmental tensions) and the choreography of community engagement (including communication, planning, relationship-building, inclusion, reflection, and termination).Additionally, the presentation examines links between embodiment and empowerment, analyzing how the trained and untrained dancers experienced a process of realization of self and others through the development of a corporeal work. The trained and untrained dancers in this project identified sources of personal disempowerment and objectification while also recognizing commonalities. Within the context of this project, participants formed connections between their unique histories and their bodies, asserting subjective agency and ownership as they revisited and shaped memories through embodied expression. The challenging transition from the choreographic to performative phase of this project is also discussed, in conjunction with a consideration of ways to ensure that the choreography of performance leads to empowerment rather than exploitation.
In Leotards Under Her Sari: An Indian Contemporary Dancer in America
Authors: Chakraborty Aishika 
Published: June 2015

Traversing through disparate cultural and geographic frontiers, my paper maps the journey of a Bengali dancer, Manjusri Chaki-Sircar, who travels from India to America via Africa before putting her “roots” finally down in India, exploring the migration of body movements across the world. Spelling a new body politics, her dance inscribes the signature of her-self in moving space(s); weaving varied patterns of life experiences; telling tales of displacements, exodus, and resettlements; and fashioning a glocal perspective of movement in a “global political moment.”Situating Manjusri within a counter-centric discourse, my paper underscores the counter-hegemonic agency of her feminist choreographies that opened up “an other” genre of bodily idiom, turning the flattering feminine performance into a site for cultural politics. From the dynamic landscape of post-partitioned Bengal, I will trace how the idiom evolved, migrated, and altered, changing, by the end of the century, the face of Indian contemporary dance.
Domesticating the avant-garde in a nationalist era: Aesthetic modernism in 1930s Turkey
Authors: Köksal Duygu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the rise of aesthetic modernism in Turkey’s early republican era (i.e., the late 1920s and the 1930s), with an emphasis on the influence of international cultural currents on Turkey’s intelligentsia. The paper concentrates on the modernist ideas and works of the D Group, who advocated a high modernism in the plastic arts, and the literary modernism of the socialist poet Nâzım Hikmet (Ran). Firstly, it addresses the historiographical argument that aesthetic modernism in Turkey was a derivative enterprise, a low-grade replica of European modernism. Secondly, it argues that the early republican intelligentsia found itself in a dilemma with regard to modernist currents. For them, aesthetic modernism was a sign of the modern epoch, but it also carried a radical potential for a critique of bourgeois modernity. Aesthetic modernism not only promised change, functionality, and renewal, but also manifested such disturbing symptoms of modernity as individualism, melancholy, degeneration, and restlessness. The paper reaches the conclusion that figures such as the D Group artists and Nâzım Hikmet translated the avant-garde international currents of aesthetic modernism into the early republican context, opting for positive and optimistic versions of modernism rather than adopting its more alienating, pessimistic, and despairing features. Through their works, an intellectual debate on aesthetic modernism was initiated in early republican Turkey.
An American Friend in an Israeli Court: An Empirical Perspective
Authors: Doron Israel (Issi) , Totry-Jubran Manal , Enosh Guy , Regev Tal 
Published: June 2015

The legal concept of ‘amicus curiae’ (friend of the court) was unknown in Israeli law until 1999 when, in the course of a well-known legal decision (theKuzlicase), the Israeli Supreme Court adopted this common law concept as part of Israeli law. Almost fifteen years have elapsed since the legal precedent set inKuzli, during which time the criteria for participation as anamicus curiaehave been established.The aim of this study was to empirically explore and analyse the ways in which the procedural institution ofamicus curiaehas been used and adopted under Israeli law, and the extent to which it has influenced judicial decisions. The study has used empirical methods, including the collection of quantitative data from computerised databases in Israel concerning cases in which an application to be recognised as anamicus curiaewas made.The main findings indicate that, over the last decade, the number of applications for recognition as anamicus curiaehas grown steadily. Most of these applications were made by non-governmental organisations in attempting to support private individuals engaged in legal proceedings against the state or for-profit corporations. The findings reveal that the courts have approved most of these applications.
Δ122p53, a mouse model of Δ133p53α, enhances the tumor-suppressor activities of an attenuated p53 mutant
Authors: Slatter T L , Hung N , Bowie S , Campbell H , Rubio C , Speidel D , Wilson M , Baird M , Royds J A , Braithwaite A W 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests the Δ133p53α isoform may function as an oncogene. It is overexpressed in many tumors, stimulates pathways involved in tumor progression, and inhibits some activities of wild-type p53, including transactivation and apoptosis. We hypothesized that Δ133p53α would have an even more profound effect on p53 variants with weaker tumor-suppressor capability. We tested this using a mouse model heterozygous for a Δ133p53α-like isoform (Δ122p53) and a p53 mutant with weak tumor-suppressor function (mΔpro). The Δ122p53/mΔpro mice showed a unique survival curve with a wide range of survival times (92–495 days) which was much greater than mΔpro/- mice (range 120–250 days) and mice heterozygous for the Δ122p53 and p53 null alleles (Δ122p53/-, range 78–150 days), suggesting Δ122p53 increased the tumor-suppressor activity of mΔpro. Moreover, some of the mice that survived longest only developed benign tumors. In vitro analyses to investigate why some Δ122p53/mΔpro mice were protected from aggressive tumors revealed that Δ122p53 stabilized mΔpro and prolonged the response to DNA damage. Similar effects of Δ122p53 and Δ133p53α were observed on wild-type of full-length p53, but these did not result in improved biological responses. The data suggest that Δ122p53 (and Δ133p53α) could offer some protection against tumors by enhancing the p53 response to stress.
Wearable energy-dense and power-dense supercapacitor yarns enabled by scalable graphene–metallic textile composite electrodes
Authors: Liu Libin , Yu You , Yan Casey , Li Kan , Zheng Zijian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOne-dimensional flexible supercapacitor yarns are of considerable interest for future wearable electronics. The bottleneck in this field is how to develop devices of high energy and power density, by using economically viable materials and scalable fabrication technologies. Here we report a hierarchical graphene–metallic textile composite electrode concept to address this challenge. The hierarchical composite electrodes consist of low-cost graphene sheets immobilized on the surface of Ni-coated cotton yarns, which are fabricated by highly scalable electroless deposition of Ni and electrochemical deposition of graphene on commercial cotton yarns. Remarkably, the volumetric energy density and power density of the all solid-state supercapacitor yarn made of one pair of these composite electrodes are 6.1 mWh cm−3 and 1,400 mW cm−3, respectively. In addition, this SC yarn is lightweight, highly flexible, strong, durable in life cycle and bending fatigue tests, and integratable into various wearable electronic devices.
Efficient photosynthesis of carbon monoxide from CO2 using perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Schreier Marcel , Curvat Laura , Giordano Fabrizio , Steier Ludmilla , Abate Antonio , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Luo Jingshan , Mayer Matthew T. , Grätzel Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis, mimicking nature in its efforts to store solar energy, has received considerable attention from the research community. Most of these attempts target the production of H2 as a fuel and our group recently demonstrated solar-to-hydrogen conversion at 12.3% efficiency. Here, in an effort to take this approach closer to real photosynthesis, which is based on the conversion of CO2, we demonstrate the efficient reduction of CO2 to carbon monoxide driven solely by simulated sunlight using water as the electron source. Employing series-connected perovskite photovoltaics and high-performance catalyst electrodes, we reach a solar-to-CO efficiency exceeding 6.5%, which represents a new benchmark in sunlight-driven CO2 conversion. Considering hydrogen as a secondary product, an efficiency exceeding 7% is observed. Furthermore, this study represents one of the first demonstrations of extended, stable operation of perovskite photovoltaics, whose large open-circuit voltage is shown to be particularly suited for this process.
Coherence in the presence of absorption and heating in a molecule interferometer
Authors: Cotter J. P. , Eibenberger S. , Mairhofer L. , Cheng X. , Asenbaum P. , Arndt M. , Walter K. , Nimmrichter S. , Hornberger K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMatter-wave interferometry can be used to probe the foundations of physics and to enable precise measurements of particle properties and fundamental constants. It relies on beam splitters that coherently divide the wave function. In atom interferometers, such elements are often realised using lasers by exploiting the dipole interaction or through photon absorption. It is intriguing to extend these ideas to complex molecules where the energy of an absorbed photon can rapidly be redistributed across many internal degrees of freedom. Here, we provide evidence that center-of-mass coherence can be maintained even when the internal energy and entropy of the interfering particle are substantially increased by absorption of photons from a standing light wave. Each photon correlates the molecular center-of-mass wave function with its internal temperature and splits it into a superposition with opposite momenta in addition to the beam-splitting action of the optical dipole potential.
Graphene-enabled electron microscopy and correlated super-resolution microscopy of wet cells
Authors: Wojcik Michal , Hauser Margaret , Li Wan , Moon Seonah , Xu Ke 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe application of electron microscopy to hydrated biological samples has been limited by high-vacuum operating conditions. Traditional methods utilize harsh and laborious sample dehydration procedures, often leading to structural artefacts and creating difficulties for correlating results with high-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Here, we utilize graphene, a single-atom-thick carbon meshwork, as the thinnest possible impermeable and conductive membrane to protect animal cells from vacuum, thus enabling high-resolution electron microscopy of wet and untreated whole cells with exceptional ease. Our approach further allows for facile correlative super-resolution and electron microscopy of wet cells directly on the culturing substrate. In particular, individual cytoskeletal actin filaments are resolved in hydrated samples through electron microscopy and well correlated with super-resolution results.
General synthesis of complex nanotubes by gradient electrospinning and controlled pyrolysis
Authors: Niu Chaojiang , Meng Jiashen , Wang Xuanpeng , Han Chunhua , Yan Mengyu , Zhao Kangning , Xu Xiaoming , Ren Wenhao , Zhao Yunlong , Xu Lin , Zhang Qingjie , Zhao Dongyuan , Mai Liqiang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNanowires and nanotubes have been the focus of considerable efforts in energy storage and solar energy conversion because of their unique properties. However, owing to the limitations of synthetic methods, most inorganic nanotubes, especially for multi-element oxides and binary-metal oxides, have been rarely fabricated. Here we design a gradient electrospinning and controlled pyrolysis method to synthesize various controllable 1D nanostructures, including mesoporous nanotubes, pea-like nanotubes and continuous nanowires. The key point of this method is the gradient distribution of low-/middle-/high-molecular-weight poly(vinyl alcohol) during the electrospinning process. This simple technique is extended to various inorganic multi-element oxides, binary-metal oxides and single-metal oxides. Among them, Li3V2(PO4)3, Na0.7Fe0.7Mn0.3O2 and Co3O4 mesoporous nanotubes exhibit ultrastable electrochemical performance when used in lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, respectively. We believe that a wide range of new materials available from our composition gradient electrospinning and pyrolysis methodology may lead to further developments in research on 1D systems.