bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial microparticle release is stimulated in vitro by purified IgG from patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Clarke Lindsey A. , Brogan Paul A. , Latchman David S. , Isenberg David A. , Ioannou Yiannis , Giles Ian P. , Rahman Anisur , Pericleous Charis 
Published: November 2012

SummaryIgG antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) exert direct effects on various cell types, contributing to the pathogenesis of thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Some IgG samples from these patients activate endothelial cells (EC) in vitro as judged by surface expression of adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, which can promote thrombosis. Endothelial micro-particles (EMP), which themselves are potentially prothrombotic, are released by activated EC. Though elevated circulating EMP levels have been reported in patients with APS, it is not known whether these EMP are released due to a direct effect of aPL on the cells. We tested the effect of purified polyclonal IgG from patients with APS (APS-IgG) and healthy controls (HC-IgG) upon cultured human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC). HUVEC exposed to APS-IgG produced significantly more EMP than those exposed to HC-IgG (p=0.0036) and a greater proportion of these EMP carried surface E-selectin (6.2% ± 4.0 for APS-IgG vs. 3.4% ± 2.0 for HC IgG, p=0.0172). This study therefore demonstrates that purified polyclonal APS-IgG can drive EMP release. We propose that EMP generation may be a useful measure of aPL-mediated pathogenic effects upon EC.
Temporality and Emergences in Education
Authors: Go Nicolas 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
It is striking to note to what extent the time issue in education is commonly understood in terms of chronology. It is an institutional and linear time that is divided and then fitted back together like a Russian doll in an analytical approach. The conception of time is reversible and possesses the same characteristics as space.
It is a paradox that this institutional rationalization of time by reversible chronological divisions barely conceals the whole concrete and living reality of human time, which is a continuous process of change that philosophers generally call duration. On the contrary, far from the above reduction, its specificity lies in its irreversibility.
This article intends to present both the results of empirical research on cooperative pedagogy and its current theorization. The emergence of complexity in time is visible in the primacy given to processes in the educational relationship. The way the multiple scales of complexity are superposed is reflected in the cooperative organization of work, for a new educational temporality which results in an increase in joyful emergences.
Apollo, Helios, and the Solstices in the Athenian, Delphian, and Delian Calendars
Authors: Bilić Tomislav 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe mythical narrative of Apollo’s northern voyage and the place of his festivals in several Greek calendars, reflected also in local ritual practice, seems to reflect certain elements in his nature best explained through his association with the sun, more precisely, the annual solar movement. The association was noted long ago, but a selective analysis will show that both the narrative and the ritual reflect the model of annual solar motion expressed in terms of a suspended reference, a mythical metaphor, a linear narrative defined both by the very nature of language and the celestial phenomenon it is describing. The analysis of various Greek calendars supports the notion of the solstices as the most important defining moments in the annual solar motion, and their connection with Apollo reflects precisely this fact.
From Harrods to Africa: The Travels of a Lion Called Christian
Authors: Nyman Jopi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis essay is a postcolonial reading of the recently republished auto/biographyA Lion Called Christian(2009; originally published in 1971), written by two Australians, Anthony Bourke and John Rendall. The book narrates the unlikely story of raising a lion in Chelsea and discusses his eventual repatriation and new life in East Africa. The essay argues that the representation of the animal in the metropolitan and African spaces as portrayed in the book can be read critically in the context of the cultural legacy of British colonialism and the role of exotic animals in particular. The essay shows that the function of the animal in the book is to problematize the naturalized division of space into human and animal spaces. As a result, the book deconstructs colonialist and anthropocentric hierarchies in modern society by revealing moments of hybridity when the values of colonial discourse are open to disruption and critique.
Attitudes on Animal Research Predict Acceptance of Genetic Modification Technologies by University Undergraduates
Authors: Gabriel Kara I. , Rutledge Brook H. , Barkley Cynthia L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPublic acceptance of genetic modification (GM) technologies may be essential to their continued development, yet few studies have investigated the manner in which demographic and educational factors predict support for GM research. The current study examined attitudes toward animal research and GM in ~400 university undergraduates enrolled in introductory or upper-level psychology courses with material on animal experimentation. Results revealed that men were more accepting of animal and GM research than were women. Enrollment in upper-level psychology classes that addressed specific topics in animal research did not directly predict support for GM research, but such enrollment was associated with increased endorsement of the validity of animal research, which then contributed to acceptance of GM scenarios. The current findings highlight the impact of educational variables on support for animal research, which may then influence attitudes toward GM research.
Residents’ and Tourists’ Knowledge of Sea Lions in the Galápagos
Authors: Lorden Rosanne , Sambrook Richard , Mitchell Robert W. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This study examined knowledge of sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki) for both residents and tourists on San Cristóbal Island in the Galápagos, a famous nature tourism destination. Participants (N = 281) obtained through convenience and snowball sampling answered questionnaires about their knowledge of sea lions. Participants with higher education received higher overall scores, but participants’ education and age influenced answers on only a few questions. Residents and tourists obtained comparable overall scores, exhibiting extensive knowledge of sea lion behavior and life history. Whether participants were residents or tourists influenced answers to several questions, but when only participants with 13 years of education or more were examined, few differences in answers remained between residents or tourists. Participants’ broad knowledge of sea lions may be attributed to the items of knowledge tested, participants’ motivations for travel to the Galápagos, and the fact that sea lions are an engaging and ubiquitous animal.
Over-burdened Society, Over-politicised State: Understanding Pakistan’s Struggles with Governance
Authors: Murtaza Niaz 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Beset by serious governance problems, Pakistan is often called a failed state. Using the concepts of state-in-society, burdened societies and over-politicised states, this article argues that the nature of a society’s social and political structures, such as social inequality and ethnic divisions, determines the quality of governance institutions that can emerge within it at any given time. These structures emerge from the country’s pre-independence socio-political inheritances and then evolve under the influence of subsequent external and internal factors. In order to analyse a country’s future governance prospects and socio-economic trajectory, one must study the trajectory of these societal structures. Using this framework, the article concludes that while doomsday predictions about Pakistan’s collapse or take-over by religious extremists are inaccurate, it suffers from serious socio-economic problems, which will only resolve gradually if its societal structures evolve over the years in a positive direction.
Introduction Migrant Workers Between States: In Search of Exit and Integration Strategies in South East Asia
Authors: Kneebone Susan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This Introduction analyses the rights of migrant workers in Southeast Asia according to the obligations of sending and receiving states as provided in the 2007 ASEAN Declaration on the Protection and the Promotion of Rights of Migrant Workers. The implementation of such rights is discussed at three levels of policy: the national, bilateral and multilateral. Gaps in strategies relating to exit and integration of migrant workers are identified. It is argued that migrant workers are situated between the sending and receiving states, but that it is unclear to which they can turn for protection.
International Labour Migration and Migration Policies in Southeast Asia
Authors: Hugo Graeme 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLabour migration is the dominant form of international migration in the Southeast Asian region. It involves movement both within and outside the region with Southeast Asia having some of the world’s major origin and destination countries for labour migrants. There is a bifurcation in policies toward labour migrants between high-skilled and low-skilled workers. While there is a manifest demand for both groups, the former are welcomed and enjoy an array of freedom and rights, while the latter are reluctantly accepted under tight restrictive conditions. The failure to recognise that labour migration is a continuing structural feature of Southeast Asian economies has been a significant barrier to migration being able to deliver the maximum potential positive outcomes, not only to the migrants, but also to the economies of origin and destination countries. There is a pressing need for a more evidence-driven, rights-based approach to all labour migration and a shift from the dominance of a policing model to a management model of governance. There are a number of promising developments in the region with respect to labour migration policy but it still suffers from a lack of management capacity, poor governance, ‘rent taking’, corruption and mismanagement. There is a pressing need for the development and adoption of best practice models, especially in relation to low-skilled migration.
Unconfusing Merely Confused Supposition in Albert of Saxony
Authors: Fitzgerald Michael J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this essay I argue that Albert would reject the need for a separate fourth mode of common personal supposition, and that his view of merely confused supposition has not been fully explicated by modern scholars. I first examine the various examples of conjunct descent given by modern scholars from his Perutilis logica, and show that Albert clearly adopts it in resolving the sophistic examples involved. Second, I explicate the view of merely confused supposition that Albert defends in his Sophismata, and then attempt to answer the question: which view of merely confused supposition was his final view, the view articulated in the Perutilis logica or the view in the Sophismata? I conclude that based upon his Sophismata view of merely confused supposition, Albert came to realize the logical strength his revised theory of personal supposition afforded, and consequently, that he is one of the earliest 14th-century logicians to adopt conjunct terminal descent to resolve various sophisms, a move which gave his theory of personal supposition a logical symmetry having two sorts of propositional descents to singulars, and two sorts of terminal descents to singulars.
Aiming to Overthrow the State (Without Using the State): Political Opportunities for Anarchist Movements
Authors: Williams Dana M. , Lee Matthew T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe anarchist movement utilizes non-statist and anti-statist strategies for radical social transformation, thus indicating the limits of political opportunity theory and its emphasis upon the state. Using historical narratives from present-day anarchist movement literature, we note various events and phenomena in the last two centuries and their relevance to the mobilization and demobilization of anarchist movements throughout the world (Bolivia, Czech Republic, Great Britain, Greece, Japan, Venezuela). Labor movement allies, failing state socialism, and punk subculture have provided conditions conducive to anarchism, while state repression and Bolshevik success in the Soviet Union constrained success. This variation suggests that future work should attend more closely to the role of national context, and the interrelationship of political and non-political factors.
Democratic Self-determination and Non-citizen Residents
Authors: Lenard Patti Tamara 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn liberal democracies, citizens are entitled to a substantive package of rights, including the right to participate in politics. Without this right, citizens cannot be self-determining in any rich sense. As more and more people cross borders, the number of residents without citizenship is rising, as is the number of people who have little say in the political life of the communities in which they reside. I assess the normative status of long-term, non-citizen residents and conclude that, without the right to vote, and without the right to run for office, long-term, non-citizen residents are denied political self-determination. Using the “thick-thin” lens that unites the contributions to this issue, I propose granting non-citizen residents more expansive political rights.
Theorizing Europe as the Future of Modern Society: European Integration between Thick Norms and Thin Politics
Authors: Dahms Harry F. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Many Americans are overwhelmed when confronted with questions relating to the European Union. And sociologists who are not working directly on related themes, as well as social theorists concerned with incarnations of modern society, have long ignored the peculiar character and historical implications of the developing European Union. But now a growing number of European theorists have begun to focus on the significance of European integration for the very discipline of sociology. To situate and evaluate some of this recent work, I deploy Gregg’s (2003) distinction between thick norms and thin politics. That distinction helps us see that developments in the European Union point toward the formation of a new kind of modern society.
The Informal Sector as a Catalyst for Employment Generation in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Akinwale Akeem Ayofe 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Unemployment remains high in Nigeria due to disintegration between the formal and informal sectors, among other factors. While the unemployed largely focus on the formal sector in search of jobs, there is inadequate interest in the informal sector. Yet, this sector provides livelihoods for the majority of the population. This paper examines the informal sector as a catalyst for generating employment in Lagos State, Nigeria, using the Social Capital Theory and a descriptive survey research design. Data were collected from 480 apprentices, 40 masters, 20 journeymen, and 120 members of various communities through a structured questionnaire, Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussions, respectively. The findings showed that 64.8 percent of the respondents reported parental sponsorship of vocations in the informal sector, 14.2 percent of the respondents were self-sponsored, and the remainders (18.5 percent and 2.5 percent) were reportedly sponsored by their relatives and masters. Awareness of opportunities for self employment in the informal sector was demonstrated by 71 percent of the respondents. However, 66.3 percent of the respondents thought that schooling could be better than vocations in the informal sector. Mothers’ occupation significantly associated with individuals’ choice of vocation in the informal sector (χ2= 33.71; P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the proposed plans for self employment among the respondents in furniture and tailoring workshops (χ2= 1.44; P > 0.05). Planning for self employment was significantly influenced by several factors including gender, age, mothers’ occupation, career plan, and satisfaction within the informal sector (t = 19.247, P < 0.01). The informal sector is vital for survival of youth in Lagos State, Nigeria. This sector should be supported for poverty eradication and entrepreneurial development.
Civil Society in Kuwait: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Al-Zuabi Ali Z. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Civil society organisations are an integral part of today’s societies throughout the world. They are the main partners of the state, along with the private sector, in the process of developing civil society. Here, we analyse various aspects of the social development of Kuwaiti society, the development strategies of the state, the challenges faced, and the role of civil society organisations by gathering and assessing information using structured questionnaires and statistical methods. The results reveal that civil associations are indispensable in the sustainable development of the state, especially considering the current economic and social challenges experienced in human societies. The study identifies internal and external challenges associated with implementing market-controlling mechanisms and directives for multifarious development under the private sector without inhibiting its growth. The article concludes by identifying the dominant obstacles and challenges development programs of Kuwait face and defines a set of mechanisms capable of solving those challenges effectively.
Public Theology and Political Ethics*
Authors: Bedford-Strohm Heinrich 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The article explains the fundamental features of the Lutheran two kingdoms doctrine and the Reformed doctrine of the Lordship of Christ and finds strong convergences of both in addressing political realities without leaving the Gospel perspective aside. Since Catholic concepts show a similar profile, an ecumenical public theology emerges. Six guidelines for a public church are presented to describe the consequences of a public theological approach to politics for the churches. Authentic faith witness is as much part of these guidelines as ‘bilinguality’, that is, the capability to talk the language of secular discourse and prophetic speech, which is put in relationship to the necessity of concrete daily political processes. Thus, in the end the article explains the profile of public theology in relation to liberation theology and political theology.
Justice between Fairness and Love? Christian Ethics in Dialogue with Rawls and Niebuhr*
Authors: Wright Jenny Anne 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
There are many different approaches to justice, both theological and secular. These different approaches and diverse theories need not be exclusive, but can play an important role in a dialogue on justice. Since justice is never completely just, it is imperative to always be critical of laws and policies while guarding against moral superiority and oppression. To this end, this article seeks to enter into a critical dialogue between John Rawls and Reinhold Niebuhr from a theological perspective. It critically examines their main ideas and focuses on the role of community, the importance of moral dialogue, the priority of the poor and the unique issues raised by globalization.
Introduction: Speech and Oral Culture in Early Modern Europe and Beyond
Authors: Horodowich Elizabeth 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
From preaching to academic discussion, from intimate conversation to the circulation of rumors in the marketsquare, the exchange of ideas and information in the early modern world was predominantly and overwhelmingly by word of mouth. Despite the growing impact of the printing press, texts themselves circulated and were received in a context that was pervasively oral. The majority of the population communicated primarily in speech rather than in writing, and even when they accessed written texts, they were most likely to do so through the mediation of speech by listening to others read out loud. Many literary and scholarly genres moreover, from poetry to theater, were conceived for oral diffusion. From the Renaissance interest in the study of classical rhetoric to conversation manuals, from civic decrees punishing blasphemy to the preoccupation with rumors and the collection of word-of-mouth testimonies in judicial settings, this was a culture that thought deeply about talk.
Misinformation and Disinformation in Late Jacobean Court Politics
Authors: Coast David 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article explores the role of rumor in late Jacobean court politics. It argues that misinformation and disinformation were not incidental to the jostling for power and the interplay of faction that took place at court, but were instead major political forces, capable of affecting the fortunes of even the most powerful courtiers. Perception, as this article demonstrates, was everything at court, since false rumors that individual courtiers would be granted offices or would soon fall from power had a self-fulfilling potential. While contemporaries were quick to assume that rumors were spread deliberately, this paper demonstrates that such false reports were sometimes mere speculation and wishful thinking passed on as fact. False rumors made decisions about court appointments or the disgrace of ministers much more of a collective act, and much less the preserve of the king, than historians have hitherto realized.
Beyond Tribalism: The Hutu-Tutsi Question and Catholic Rhetoric in Colonial Rwanda
Authors: Carney J.J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPost genocide commentaries on colonial Rwandan history have emphasized the centrality of the Hamitic Hypothesis in shaping Catholic leaders’ sociopolitical imagination concerning Hutu and Tutsi identities. For most scholars, the resulting racialist interpretation of Hutu and Tutsi categories poisoned Rwandan society and laid the groundwork for postcolonial ethnic violence. This paper challenges the simplicity of this standard narrative. Not only did colonial Catholic leaders possess a complex understanding of the terms ‘Hutu’ and ‘Tutsi’, but the Hutu-Tutsi question was not the exclusive or even dominant paradigm of late colonial Catholic discourse. Even after the eruption of Hutu-Tutsi tensions in the late 1950s, Catholic bishops and lay elites continued to interpret the Hutu-Tutsi distinction in a wide variety of ways. Catholic attitudes and the escalation of Hutu-Tutsi tensions stemmed more from contextual political factors than immutable anthropological theories, however flawed.