bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of spontaneous ventilation technique using dexmedetomidine for rigid bronchoscopic airway foreign body removal in children
Authors: Cai Yirong , Li Wenxian , Chen Kaizheng 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBackgroundIn children, removal of an airway foreign body is usually performed by rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Debate continues regarding the respiratory mode (spontaneous or controlled ventilation) and appropriate anesthetic drugs. Dexmedetomidine has several desirable pharmacologic properties and appears to be a useful agent for airway surgeries.ObjectivesThis study evaluates the efficacy of spontaneous ventilation (SV) technique using dexmedetomidine for bronchoscopic removal of foreign bodies in children.MethodsEighty pediatric patients undergoing rigid bronchoscopy for airway foreign body removal were randomly divided into two groups. In the SV group, dexmedetomidine (4 μg∙kg−1) and topical lidocaine (3–5 mg∙kg−1) were administered and the patients were breathing spontaneously throughout the procedure. In the manual jet ventilation (MJV) group, anesthesia was induced with fentanyl (2 μg∙kg−1), propofol (3–5 mg∙kg−1), and succinylcholine (1 mg∙kg−1), and MJV was performed.ResultsThe success rates of foreign body removal, the incidence of body movement and other perioperative adverse events, and hemodynamic changes were similar between the two groups. The SV patients required longer stays in the postanesthesia care unit (P < 0.01) but experienced less coughing (P = 0.029) in the recovery room.ConclusionDexmedetomidine may provide appropriately deep anesthesia and ideal conditions for rigid bronchoscopic airway foreign body removal without respiratory depression or hemodynamic instability.
Simplified Serum Neutralization Test Based on Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Classical Swine Fever Virus
Authors: Li Yongfeng , Shen Liang , Sun Yuan , Yuan Jin , Huang Junhua , Li Chao , Li Su , Luo Yuzi , Qiu Hua-Ji 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
The neutralization immunofluorescence test (NIFT), currently used for detecting neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is time-consuming. Here, a simplified neutralization test based on enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged CSFV (EGFP-NT) was developed for direct detection of anti-CSFV NAbs without immunostaining. The relative sensitivity and specificity between EGFP-NT and NIFT or blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were both 100%. The NAb titers by EGFP-NT and the blocking rates by blocking ELISA showed a good correlation.
Nonconserved Tryptophan 38 of the Cell Surface Receptor for Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus Discriminates Sensitive from Resistant Avian Species
Authors: Kučerová Dana , Plachý Jiří , Reinišová Markéta , Šenigl Filip , Trejbalová Kateřina , Geryk Josef , Hejnar Jiří 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) is unique among the avian sarcoma and leukosis viruses in using the multimembrane-spanning cell surface protein Na
+
/H
+
exchanger type 1 (NHE1) as a receptor. The precise localization of amino acids critical for NHE1 receptor activity is key in understanding the virus-receptor interaction and potential interference with virus entry. Because no resistant chicken lines have been described until now, we compared the NHE1 amino acid sequences from permissive and resistant galliform species. In all resistant species, the deletion or substitution of W38 within the first extracellular loop was observed either alone or in the presence of other incidental amino acid changes. Using the ectopic expression of wild-type or mutated chicken NHE1 in resistant cells and infection with a reporter recombinant retrovirus of subgroup J specificity, we studied the effect of individual mutations on the NHE1 receptor capacity. We suggest that the absence of W38 abrogates binding of the subgroup J envelope glycoprotein to ALV-J-resistant cells. Altogether, we describe the functional importance of W38 for virus entry and conclude that natural polymorphisms in NHE1 can be a source of host resistance to ALV-J.
Orographic Drag Associated with Lee Waves Trapped at an Inversion
Authors: Teixeira Miguel A. C. , Argaín José Luis , Miranda Pedro M. A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The drag produced by 2D orographic gravity waves trapped at a temperature inversion and waves propagating in the stably stratified layer existing above are explicitly calculated using linear theory, for a two-layer atmosphere with neutral static stability near the surface, mimicking a well-mixed boundary layer. For realistic values of the flow parameters, trapped-lee-wave drag, which is given by a closed analytical expression, is comparable to propagating-wave drag, especially in moderately to strongly nonhydrostatic conditions. In resonant flow, both drag components substantially exceed the single-layer hydrostatic drag estimate used in most parameterization schemes. Both drag components are optimally amplified for a relatively low-level inversion and Froude numbers Fr ≈ 1. While propagating-wave drag is maximized for approximately hydrostatic flow, trapped-lee-wave drag is maximized for l2a = O(1) (where l2 is the Scorer parameter in the stable layer and a is the mountain width). This roughly happens when the horizontal scale of trapped lee waves matches that of the mountain slope. The drag behavior as a function of Fr for l2H = 0.5 (where H is the inversion height) and different values of l2a shows good agreement with numerical simulations. Regions of parameter space with high trapped-lee-wave drag correlate reasonably well with those where lee-wave rotors were found to occur in previous nonlinear numerical simulations including frictional effects. This suggests that trapped-lee-wave drag, besides giving a relevant contribution to low-level drag exerted on the atmosphere, may also be useful to diagnose lee-rotor formation.
Effect of aspirin cessation before endoscopy in Japanese patients with low‐dose‐aspirin‐associated gastroduodenal mucosal injury
Authors: Ito Yoshitsugu , Sasaki Makoto , Noguchi Seiji , Yamaguchi Sumiharu , Okaniwa Noriko , Tanabe Atsushi , Noda Hisatsugu , Yanamoto Kenichiro , Tamura Yasuhiro , Kondo Yoshihiro , Masui Ryuta , Izawa Shinya , Iida Akihito , Mizuno Mari , Ogasawara Naotaka , Funaki Yasushi , Kasugai Kunio 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundThe incidence of upper gastrointestinal injury by low‐dose aspirin (LDA) has increased.ObjectiveWe aimed to clarify the risk factors and prevention strategies associated with LDA‐induced gastroduodenal ulcer in Japanese patients.MethodsA retrospective study involving 284 LDA users who underwent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy between January and December 2010 were included. We investigated the patients’ clinical characteristics and endoscopic findings.ResultsOf 284 patients, 29 (10.2%) had gastro and/or duodenal ulcers. Male gender, peptic ulcer history, abdominal symptoms, half‐dose proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), complete‐dose PPIs, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were significantly associated with LDA‐induced gastro and/or duodenal ulcers: odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.62 (1.06–12.27), 6.60 (1.84–23.62), 3.06 (1.12–8.40), 0.16 (0.03–0.94), 0.07 (0.01–0.61), and 9.68 (1.64–57.18), respectively. PPI significantly reduced gastric ulcers and/or duodenal ulcers (p  = 0.03). The modified Lanza score for gastric mucosal lesion in the LDA cessation group was significantly lower than in the LDA noncessation group (0.53 vs. 1.02; p  = 0.008).ConclusionsHalf‐dose PPIs as well as complete‐dose PPIs were effective for preventing LDA‐induced gastric and/or duodenal ulcers. The cessation of LDA before endoscopy may lead to an underestimation of LDA‐induced gastric injury.
Effect of nutritional factors on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults: a case control study in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Berhe Negassie , Tegabu Desalegn , Alemayehu Mekuriaw 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Adherence to antiretroviral treatment is critical for suppression of viral replication, reduced destruction of CD4 cells, prevention of viral resistance, promotion of immune reconstitution and slowed disease progression. This study sought to determine the effect of nutritional factors on adherence to ART among HIV-infected adults on ART.

Methods
Matched case control study design (matched by age and sex) was employed. Data was collected from ART registration chart, pre-tested structured data extraction format, anthropometric measurements and by interview. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute the relevant associations among the variables by STATA version 10.

Results
From 174 paired subjects participated in the study 80 (46%) pair were males and 94 (54%) pair were females on ART for at least one year prior to the survey. The mean age (±SD) for the non-adherent was 38.4 ± 8.1years and for the adherent subjects was 38.5 ± 8.4 years. Malnutrition with BMI less than 18.5 Kg/m2 in the adherent group was 14 (8%) and that of the non-adherent group was 74 (42.5%) which was associated with non-adherence to ART (AOR 10.0, 95%CI 4.3 – 54.7). Inability to get enough and quality food was also associated with non-adherence to ART (AOR 2.1, 95%CI 1.1 – 11.5).

Conclusions
Malnutrition, inability to get enough and/or quality food and consumption pattern which is less than three meals per day were significantly associated with non-adherence to ART. Therefore, the capacity to effectively manage the food and nutrition implications of ART adherence is a critical factor in the success of antiretroviral therapy in resource limited settings.
Developments in the chemistry and biochemistry of pectic and hemicellulosic polymers
Authors: Selvendran R. R. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Improved methods of isolation and analysis of cell walls from a range of plant tissues have shed new light on the structure of the constituent polymers, and have also helped to clarify some of the conflicting opinions on their mode of occurrence and association within the walls. The chemistry (and biochemistry) of pectic and hemicellulosic polymers in different types of plant organs is outlined, with particular emphasis on parenchymatous and immature tissues. The following aspects are discussed: (1) the mode of occurrence of arabinans, galactans and arabinogalactans, and the possible association of some of them with proteins; (2) the structural features of the esterified rhamnogalacturonans and associated neutral sugar residues in the pectic substances of middle lamellae and primary cell walls; (3) the occurrence of acidic xylans, acidic arabinoxylans, and acidic arabinoxylans in association with other polymers in the cell walls of cambial, suspension-cultured and parenchymatous tissues of dicotyledons; (4) evidence for the occurrence of small but significant amounts of xyloglucans in association with other polymers, and the occurrence of a range of xyloglucans in parenchymatous tissues; (5) evidence for the occurrence of phenolic ester and phenolic cross-linkages between the cell wall polymers of parenchymatous tissues of both dicotyledons and monocotyledons, particularly the association of hydroxycinnamic acids with some pectic substances; (6) the occurrence of proteoglycans and proteoglycan-polyphenol complexes and their relationship to the traditional hemicelluloses; and (7) some aspects of the non-cellulosic polymers of non-endospermic and endospermic seeds.
The Cytoskeleton Of The Early Drosophila Embryo
Authors: M. Warn R. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
The organization and roles of the cytoskeleton are described for a complex developing system (the early Drosophila embryo) at a time when the basic embryonic plan is mapped out. This type of embryo shows a separation of mitosis from cytokinesis during the early stages of development. Most cells are only formed when a syncytium of ≈6000 nuclei are present. The functions of the cytoskeleton are considered for the process of nuclear migration (pre-blastoderm), which distributes the nuclei throughout the embryo and brings most of them close to the surface. They are also described for the subsequent mitoses of the syncytial blastoderm where the cortex and its well- developed cytoskeleton is reorganized into cell-like surface protrusions known as ‘caps’ or ‘buds’. A comparison is made of the very different cytoskeletal organization present during the cleavages that form the two cell types of early development (pole cell and blastoderm cell), together with information from mutations that affect various aspects of these cleavages via factors laid down during oogenesis.
Epithelial stem cells in vivo
Authors: Potten C. S. , Morris R. J. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Cellular topography within the highly polarized surface epithelia can be used to identify the location of the stem cells. In some instances, this can be quite precise and allows the characteristics of stem cells to be studied. Our current knowledge of the stem cell population in murine epidermis and small intestinal crypts is reviewed. In the epidermis, the stem cells would appear to make up about 10 % of the basal layer and are distributed towards the centre of the basal layer component of the epidermal proliferative unit. These cells have a long cell cycle and are probably the same cells that retain both tritiated thymidine and radioactively labelled carcinogens for long periods of time. This label retention permits the labelling of the putative stem cell compartment. Over recent years, there has been an accumulation of information indicating various types of heterogeneity within the basal layer, much of which can be interpreted in relation to cellular hierarchies. In the small intestine, cell positions can be fairly precisely identified and the stem cell zone identified. Complex modelling of a wide range of cell kinetic experiments suggests that each crypt contains between 4 and 16 steady state functional stem cells. Radiobiological experiments suggest that up to 32 cells may be capable of clonal regeneration. The repopulation of the clonogenic cell compartment has been determined and the doubling time measured to be 19•7h. Such studies should throw further light on the behaviour of stem cells and identify the timing of periods of increased and decreased cell proliferation (activation and suppression of controls).
Mitogenic signalling through the bombesin receptor: Role of a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein
Authors: Rozengurt Enrique , Fabregat Isabel , Coffer Arnold , Gil Joan , Sinnett-Smith James 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Bombesin and structurally related peptides including gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) are potent mitogens for Swiss 3T3 cells. The early cellular and molecular responses elicited by bombesin and structurally related peptides have been elucidated in detail. Further understanding of the molecular basis of the potent mitogenic response initiated by bombesin is required in order to elucidate the mechanism by which the occupied receptor communicates with effector molecules in the cell. Transmembrane signalling mechanisms involving either a tyrosine kinase or a guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (G protein) have been proposed. Here we summarize our experimental evidence indicating that a G protein(s) is involved in the coupling of the bombesin receptor to the generation of intracellular signals related to mitogenesis. Evidence for the role of G proteins in bombesin signal transduction pathways has been obtained by assessing the effects of guanine nucleotide analogues on both receptor-mediated responses in permeabilized cells and ligand binding in membrane preparations. We found that [125I]GRP-receptor complexes were solubilized from Swiss 3T3 cell membranes by using the detergents taurodeoxycholate or deoxycholate. Addition of guanosine 5-[γ-thio]triphosphate (GTPγS) to ligand-receptor complexes isolated by gel filtration enhanced the rate of ligand dissociation in a concentration-dependent and nucleotide-specific manner. These results demonstrate the successful solubilization of [125I]GRP-receptor complexes from Swiss 3T3 cell membranes and provide evidence for the physical association between the ligand-receptor complex and a guanine nucleotide binding protein(s).
Biogenesis of synaptic vesicles
Authors: Kelly R. B. , Bonzelius Frank , Cleves Ann , Clift-O’Grady Lois , Grote Eric , Herman Gary 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
The basic endosomal recycling pathway can be modified to generate transcytotic vesicles, storage vesicles and synaptic vesicles. Sorting into synaptic vesicles requires specialized sorting information not present in the transcytotic and storage vesicle proteins. Using mutagenesis we have distinguished the signals for rapid endocytosis and SV targeting in synaptobrevin. Finally, we have evidence that synaptic vesicles can be generated from an endosomal compartment in vitro.
Dysfunction of CFTR bearing the AF508 mutation
Authors: Welsh Michael J. , Denning Gerene M. , Ostedgaard Lynda S. , Anderson Matthew P. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is mutated in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The most common CF-associated mutation is deletion of phenylanine at residue 508, CFTRAF508. When expressed in heterologous cells, CFTR bearing the AF508 mutation fails to progress through the normal biosynthetic pathway and fails to traffic to the plasma membrane. As a result, CFTRAF508 is mislocalized and is not present in the apical membrane of primary cultures of airway epithelia. Consequently, the apical membrane of CF airway epithelia is Cl--impermeable, a defect that probably contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease.
Endothelin‐1 Stimulates Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells via Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase Pathway
Authors: Liang Li , Yu Jifeng , Zhou Wei , Liu N. , E L.L. , Wang D.S. , Liu Hongchen 
Published: May 2013

Background: Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is a 21–amino acid peptide with multifunctional regulation. Initial research indicated that ET‐1 is related to the inflammatory pathogenesis of periodontitis and involved in the regulation of cytokines, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The primary aim of this study is to investigate how ET‐1 affects proinflammatory cytokine expression in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells.Methods: hPDL cells were obtained from both healthy (H)‐ and periodontitis (P)‐affected periodontal tissues. H‐hPDL and P‐hPDL cells were treated with ET‐1 (1, 10, and 100 nM) for 12, 24, and 48 hours. The untreated cells served as a control. To confirm the specificity of the ET‐1 effects, 100 nM of the specific endothelin A (ETA) receptor antagonist BQ123 and 100 nM of the specific ETB receptor antagonist BQ788, as negative control, were used. To examine the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in ET‐1–mediated cytokine expression, H‐hPDL and P‐hPDL cells were pretreated with specific inhibitors for extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK1/2) (PD98059), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (SP600125), and p38 kinase (SB203580) for 1 hour before 100 nM ET‐1 stimulation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels were evaluated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.Results: ET‐1 dose‐ and time‐dependently induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 by H‐hPDL and P‐hPDL cells at both mRNA and protein levels. However, ETA and ETB receptor antagonists inhibited the stimulatory effects of ET‐1 on inflammatory cytokine expression in H‐hPDL and P‐hPDL cells. Furthermore, inhibitors of the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) significantly reduced ET‐1–stimulated TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 expression in H‐hPDL and P‐hPDL cells.Conclusion: ET‐1 may be involved in the inflammatory process of periodontitis, at least in part, by stimulating proinflammatory cytokine production via the MAPK pathway in hPDL cells.
Suitability of locations in the Bohai Sea, China, for the exploitation of sea ice as a freshwater resource
Authors: Li Lantao , Gu Wei , Liu Chengyu , Xu Yingjun , Chao Jinlong , Li Ying 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBased on recent studies on sea ice and newly developed technologies, this paper examines the requirements and environmental factors for exploitation of sea ice as a freshwater resource. Considering the ‘mining’ of sea ice, the suitability of locations in the Bohai Sea, China, for exploitation was analysed and evaluated using GIS technology. The ice must be >10 cm thick, the intertidal zone must be narrow and the ‘mining’ area must have a water depth of at least 2 m. The sea areas with feasible resources are located mainly in the nearshore area of northern Liaodong Bay and in a narrow and long area along the coast of Bohai Bay. Most coastal areas of northern Liaodong Bay have favourable conditions, while Bohai Bay is widely constrained by unsuitable conditions. According to the status of the resources and the coastal environment conditions, the eastern and western coasts of northern Liaodong Bay are the most suitable areas for exploitation at the current technological level.
La bataille des conditions générales contradictoires : étude comparative
Authors: Forti Valerio 
Published: May 2013

Cet article étudie l’hypothèse de l’emploi multilatéral de conditions générales contractuelles en contradiction entre elles. Le conflit qui en résulte est métaphoriquement baptisé «battle of the forms», bataille des conditions générales. En cas de dissonance des consentements, le problème qui surgit est double en ce qu’il concerne l’an et le quomodo
de l’accord : l’investigation cherche alors à savoir d’une part si le contrat est venu à l’existence, et d’autre part quel est son contenu. Afin de connaître le vainqueur de la bataille qui verra ses conditions générales intégrées au contenu du contrat, l’auteur passe en revue les différentes solutions dégagées aux niveaux législatif, jurisprudentiel et doctrinal, notamment les règles du dernier tir, du premier tir, de l’élimination des clauses contradictoires, et du tir raisonnable. Pour ce faire, il mène une comparaison en la matière en s’appuyant tant sur certains ordres juridiques nationaux (italien, anglais, néerlandais, allemand, français, américain) que sur des sources supranationales du droit (la Convention des Nations Unies sur les contrats de vente internationale de marchandises, les Principes d’Unidroit et les Principes du droit européen du contrat).