bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Circulating MicroRNA-125b Levels in Serum Exosomes in Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Alegre Estibaliz , Sanmamed Miguel F. , Rodriguez Carmen , Carranza Omar , Martín-Algarra Salvador , González Álvaro 
Published: May 2014

Context.—Malignant melanoma is an aggressive tumor that produces exosomes, which contain microRNAs (miRNAs) that could be of utility in following tumoral cell dysregulation. MicroR-125b is a miRNA whose down-regulation seems to be implicated in melanoma progression.
Objective.—To analyze miR-125b levels in serum, and in exosomes obtained from serum, from patients with advanced melanoma.
Design.—Serum samples were obtained from 21 patients with advanced melanoma, from 16 disease-free patients with melanoma, and from 19 healthy volunteers. Exosomes were isolated from serum by precipitation, and miR-16 and miR-125b levels were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results.—MicroR-16, but not miR-125b, was detected in all samples, and miR-16 levels were significantly higher in serum than they were in exosomes. MicroR-16 expression levels did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (patients with melanoma and healthy donors). There was a significant relationship between miR-125b and miR-16 levels in exosomes. Additionally, miR-125b levels in exosomes were significantly lower in patients with melanoma compared with disease-free patients with melanoma and healthy controls.
Conclusions.—Exosomes can provide a suitable material to measure circulating miRNA in melanoma, and miR-16 can be used as an endogenous normalizer. Lower levels of miR-125b in exosomes obtained from serum are associated with advanced melanoma disease, probably reflecting the tumoral cell dysregulation.
Molecular Pathology of Skin Neoplasms of the Head and Neck
Authors: Kraft Stefan , Granter Scott R. 
Published: May 2014

Context.— Skin neoplasms include the most common malignancies affecting humans. Many show an ultraviolet (UV)–induced pathogenesis and often affect the head and neck region.Objective.— To review literature on cutaneous neoplasms that show a predilection for the head and neck region and that are associated with molecular alterations.Data Sources.— Literature review.Conclusions.— Common nonmelanoma skin cancers, such as basal and squamous cell carcinomas, show a UV-induced pathogenesis. Basal cell carcinomas are characterized by molecular alterations of the Hedgehog pathway, affecting patched and smoothened genes. While squamous cell carcinomas show UV-induced mutations in several genes, driver mutations are only beginning to be identified. In addition, certain adnexal neoplasms also predominantly affect the head and neck region and show interesting, recently discovered molecular abnormalities, or are associated with hereditary conditions whose molecular genetic pathogenesis is well understood. Furthermore, recent advances have led to an increased understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of melanoma. Certain melanoma subtypes, such as lentigo maligna melanoma and desmoplastic melanoma, which are more often seen on the chronically sun-damaged skin of the head and neck, show differences in their molecular signature when compared to the other more common subtypes, such as superficial spreading melanoma, which are more prone to occur at sites with acute intermittent sun damage. In summary, molecular alterations in cutaneous neoplasms of the head and neck are often related to UV exposure. Their molecular footprint often reflects the histologic tumor type, and familiarity with these changes will be increasingly necessary for diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.
Loss of Heterozygosity and Microsatellite Instability Are Rare in Sporadic Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: A Study of 43 Well-Characterized Cases
Authors: Davis Jessica L. , Grenert James P. , Horvai Andrew E. 
Published: May 2014

Context.—Defects in mismatch repair proteins have been identified in Lynch syndrome–associated liposarcomas, as well as in rare sporadic sarcomas. However, it is unclear if mismatch repair defects have a role in sarcoma tumorigenesis. Microsatellite instability is a surrogate marker of mismatch repair defects.
Objectives.—To determine whether sporadic dedifferentiated liposarcomas display microsatellite instability and, if so, to evaluate whether such instability differs between the lipogenic and nonlipogenic components of these tumors.
Design.—The diagnoses of conventional dedifferentiated liposarcoma were confirmed by a combination of morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular studies. Standard fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction, including 5 mononucleotide microsatellite markers (BAT25, BAT26, NR21, NR24, and MONO27), as well as 2 pentanucleotide repeat markers (Penta C and Penta D), was used to test for instability and loss of heterozygosity.
Results.—We demonstrated only a single case (1 of 43) with microsatellite instability at one mononucleotide marker. No sarcomas showed high-level microsatellite instability. However, loss of heterozygosity at the pentanucleotide markers was observed in 8 of 43 cases. The presence of loss of heterozygosity was overrepresented in the nonlipogenic (dedifferentiated) components compared with the paired lipogenic (well differentiated) components.
Conclusions.—Mismatch repair defects do not contribute to sporadic dedifferentiated liposarcoma tumorigenesis. Whether the observed loss of heterozygosity drives tumorigenesis in liposarcoma, for example by affecting tumor suppressor or cell cycle regulator genes, remains to be determined.
Multicolor Staining of Globin Subtypes Reveals Impaired Globin Switching During Erythropoiesis in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Ochi Kiyosumi , Takayama Naoya , Hirose Shoichi , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Eto Koji 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Adult hemoglobin composed of α- and β-globin reflects a change from expression of embryonic ε- and fetal γ-globin to adult β-globin in human erythroid cells, so-called globin switching. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a potential source for in vitro erythrocyte production, but they show prominent expression of γ-globin with little β-globin expression, which indicates incomplete globin switching. To examine the mechanism of this impaired globin switching, we optimized multicolor flow cytometry to simultaneously follow expression of different globin subtypes using different immunofluorescent probes. This enabled us to detect upregulation of β-globin and the corresponding silencing of γ-globin at the single-cell level during cord blood CD34+ cell-derived erythropoiesis, examined as an endogenous control. Using this approach, we initially characterized the heterogeneous β-globin expression in erythroblasts from several hPSC clones and confirmed the predominant expression of γ-globin. These hPSC-derived erythroid cells also displayed reduced expression of BCL11A-L. However, doxycycline-induced overexpression of BCL11A-L in selected hPSCs promoted γ-globin silencing. These results strongly suggest that impaired γ-globin silencing is associated with downregulated BCL11A-L in hPSC-derived erythroblasts and that multicolor staining of globin subtypes is an effective approach to studying globin switching in vitro.
L’enfant soldat confronté au processus de désarmement, démobilisation et réinsertion (ddr)
Authors: Diomandé Aboubacar Sidiki 
Published: May 2014

Cet article analyse le phénomène des enfants soldats à l’aune du processus de désarmement, démobilisation et réinsertion (ddr). Ce processus qui vise à réintégrer socialement les soldats tient-il compte spécifiquement de ces derniers ? Le constat demeure que, si l’enfant soldat est pris en considération par les programmesddr, cette prise en compte reste lacunaire, faute d’intégration de certains facteurs constituant la pierre angulaire de son succès. C’est pourquoi cet article se propose de rendre plus efficaces les programmesddrpour une meilleure réinsertion sociale de l’enfant soldat. À défaut d’une application de ces mesures, ces programmes resteront incomplets et inefficaces pour les nombreux enfants soldats recrutés par les forces gouvernementales ou par des groupes armés.
Traduction et politique canadienne : quel est le rôle des journalistes entre 1942 et 1995 ?
Authors: Gagnon Chantal 
Published: May 2014

La présente étude tente de jeter un éclairage nouveau sur l’apport des journalistes à la question du bilinguisme. Plus précisément, l’article porte sur la traduction politique dans les médias écrits canadiens. À certains égards, les journalistes restructurent la relation entre le public et le gouvernement en mettant au jour certains des mécanismes qui régissent les processus gouvernementaux de communication. Cet état de fait montre notamment que les phénomènes du bilinguisme officiel et de la traduction institutionnelle ne sont pas nécessairement dissimulés à la collectivité, puisque les grands quotidiens y prêtent attention en situation de crise. Le corpus de travail rassemble des articles rédigés entre 1942 et 1995, à propos de discours politiques traduits. La traduction de ces discours a été commentée d’une façon ou d’une autre dans les médias écrits au Québec et au Canada. Les quotidiens suivants ont été consultés :La Presse,Le Devoir,The GazetteetThe Globe and Mail. L’étude montre que les journalistes canadiens et québécois sont conscients des écarts entre les versions linguistiques des discours de leurs dirigeants. Trois rôles sont identifiés chez le journaliste : le journaliste-témoin du phénomène de la traduction, le journaliste-commentateur de la traduction et le journaliste-traducteur de discours politique.
Density and temperature evolution of the plasma sheet during a simulated interval of northward interplanetary magnetic field
Authors: Mata Wendy J. , Lemon Colby , Wang Chih‐Ping , Lyons Larry R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe investigate the evolution of the hot component of plasma sheet ions during an extended interval of northward interplanetary magnetic field and assess whether transport can explain the observed cooling of the hot component ions reported by Wing et al. (2005). Our approach is to trace the guiding center particle drift of protons in a magnetic field from the Tsyganenko 2001 (T01) model and in an electric field from the Weimer 2000 model. We then map the phase space distributions to realistic source distributions based on Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms observations. Our simulation results show that magnetic drift is not a significant cooling mechanism for the hot component ions of the plasma sheet on the duskside of the magnetopause, but gradient drift does cool the hot component plasma on the dawnside of the magnetopause.
Influence of interplanetary coronal mass ejections on the peak intensity of solar energetic particle events
Authors: Lario D. , Karelitz A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe study whether the presence of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in interplanetary space (ICMEs) affects the maximum intensity of solar energetic particle (SEP) events. We compute the maximum intensity of 175–315 keV electron and 9–15, 15–40, and 40–80 MeV proton fluxes measured during the prompt component of 147 western SEP events observed near Earth throughout solar cycle 23. When using in situ observations to determine the presence and location of preceding ICMEs during SEP events, we find that, over the ensemble of events, those observed either within a preceding ICME or when a preceding ICME is beyond the observer's location have, on average, larger peak intensities than the events observed in absence of ICMEs. The few events observed when an Earth‐directed ICME is located between the Sun and the observer tend to have lower 9–15 and 15–40 MeV proton peak intensities than the events without preceding ICMEs; the differences are not significant for 175–315 keV electron peak intensities. When using coronagraph observations to determine the presence of preceding CMEs, we find that, over the ensemble of events, those events (Case P) occurring within 24 h after the launch of a CME from the same active region as the primary CME generating the SEP event tend to have higher peak intensities than those events (Case NP) occurring without a preceding CME. The differences between the average peak intensities of these two event cases (P and NP) are smaller when we exclude events observed when a prior ICME is already located at or beyond Earth.
Electron number density, temperature, and energy density at GEO and links to the solar wind: A simple predictive capability
Authors: Hartley D. P. , Denton M. H. , Rodriguez J. V. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMany authors have studied the outer radiation belts response to different solar wind drivers, with the majority investigating electron flux variations. Using partial moments (electron number density, temperature, and energy density) from GOES‐13 during 2011 allows for changes in the number of electrons and the temperature of the electrons to be distinguished, which is not possible with the outputs of individual instrument channels. This study aims to produce a coarse predictive capability of the partial moments from GOES‐13 by determining which solar wind conditions exhibit the strongest relationship with electron variations at GEO. Investigating how the electron distribution at GEO is affected by fluctuations in this primary driver, both instantaneous and time delayed, allows for this to be achieved. These predictive functions are then tested against data from 2012. It is found that using solely the solar wind velocity as a driver results in predicted values that accurately follow the general trend of the observed moments. This study is intended to make further progress in quantifying the relationship between the solar wind and electron number density, temperature, and energy density at GEO. Our results provide a coarse predictive capability of these quantities that can be expanded upon in future studies to incorporate other solar wind drivers to improve accuracy.
Annual fractions of high‐speed streams from principal component analysis of local geomagnetic activity
Authors: Holappa L. , Mursula K. , Asikainen T. , Richardson I. G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe study the latitudinal distribution of geomagnetic activity in 1966–2009 with local geomagnetic activity indices at 26 magnetic observatories. Using the principal component analysis method we find that more than 97% of the variance in annually averaged geomagnetic activity can be described by the two first principal components. The first component describes the evolution of the global geomagnetic activity, and has excellent correlation with, e.g., the Kp/Ap index. The second component describes the leading pattern by which the latitudinal distribution of geomagnetic activity deviates from the global average. We show that the second component is highly correlated with the relative (annual) fraction of high‐speed streams (HSS) in solar wind. The latitudinal distribution of the second mode has a high maximum at auroral latitudes, a local minimum at subauroral latitudes and a low maximum at midlatitudes. We show that this distribution is related to the difference in the average location and intensity between substorms related to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and HSSs. This paper demonstrates a new way to extract useful, quantitative information about the solar wind from local indices of geomagnetic activity over a latitudinally extensive network.
Xylanolytic enzyme systems in Arthrobacter sp. MTCC 5214 and Lactobacillus sp.
Authors: Khandeparker Rakhee , Jalal Thasneem 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe production of extracellular xylanolytic enzymes such as xylanase, α‐l‐arabinofuranosidase (α‐l‐AFase), and acetyl xylan esterase (Axe) by marine Arthrobacter sp. and Lactobacillus sp. was investigated using different carbon sources. Induction and repression of all these enzymes differed with carbon source and also with the organism. Wheat bran was the best carbon source for the production of xylanase and α‐l‐AFase, whereas both isolates showed maximum Axe production when grown on oat bran as a carbon source. Preferential utilization of a carbon source for enzyme production can give us better insights into regulatory mechanism in these marine bacteria. Elution profile as well as zymogram analysis indicated the possibility of bifunctional α‐l‐AFase–Axes in both marine bacteria.
Modulation of mesenchymal stromal cell characteristics by microcarrier culture in bioreactors
Authors: Hupfeld Julia , Gorr Ingo H. , Schwald Christian , Beaucamp Nicola , Wiechmann Kornelius , Kuentzer Karin , Huss Ralf , Rieger Bernhard , Neubauer Markus , Wegmeyer Heike 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell therapy. Their therapeutic use requires extensive expansion to obtain a sufficiently high number of cells for clinical applications. State‐of‐the‐art expansion systems, that is, primarily culture flask‐based systems, are limited regarding scale‐up, automation, and reproducibility. To overcome this bottleneck, microcarrier (MC)‐based expansion processes have been developed. For the first time, MSCs from the perinatal sources umbilical cord (UC) and amniotic membrane (AM) were expanded on MCs. This study focuses on the comparison of flask‐ and Cytodex 1 MC‐expanded MSCs by evaluating the influence of the expansion process on biological MSC characteristics. Furthermore, we tested the hypothesis to obtain more homogeneous MSC preparations by expanding cells on MCs in controlled large‐scale bioreactors. MSCs were extensively characterized determining morphology, cell growth, surface marker expression, and functional properties such as differentiation capacity, secretion of paracrine factors, and gene expression. Based on their gene expression profile MSCs from different donors and sources clearly clustered in distinct groups solely depending on the expansion process—MC or flask culture. MC‐ and flask‐expanded MSCs significantly differed from each other regarding surface markers and both paracrine factors and gene expression profiles. Furthermore, based on gene expression analysis, MC cultivation of MSCs in controlled bioreactor systems resulted in less heterogeneity between cells from different donors. In conclusion, MC‐based MSC expansion in controlled bioreactors has the potential to reliably produce MSCs with altered characteristics and functions as compared to flask‐expanded MSCs. These findings may be useful for the generation of MSCs with tailored properties for clinical applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2290–2302. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term survival in multiple myeloma
Authors: João Cristina , Costa Carlos , Coelho Inês , Vergueiro Maria João , Ferreira Mafalda , da Silva Maria Gomes 
Published: May 2014

Key Clinical MessageThe survival of multiple myeloma patients has improved very significantly over the last decade. Still median overall survival is inferior to 5 years. A small proportion of patients survive longer than 10 years. In this paper we discuss four cases illustrating the nonhomogeneous clinical presentation and evolution of this subset of patients. Surprisingly, these long survivors do not always have deep responses and some require frequent treatments, which include autologous stem cell transplantation and novel drugs. The authors discuss several aspects of these clinical histories, including treatment options, raising hypothesis on their relation with long survivorship which may be important to have in consideration when studying this subject.
Enantioselective Degradation of (2RS,3RS)‐Paclobutrazol in Peach and Mandarin Under Field Conditions
Authors: Wang Xiangyun , Qi Peipei , Yang Guiling , Wang Xinquan , Zhang Hu , Xu Hao , Wang Zhiwei , Wang Qiang 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study we investigated the enantioselective degradation of (2RS,3RS)‐paclobutrazol in peach and mandarin fruits under field conditions after foliar treatment at 500 mg active ingredient/L using a Lux Cellulose‐1 chiral column on a reverse‐phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry system. Degradations of paclobutrazol in both fruits followed first‐order kinetics, with half‐lives of about 9 days. Initial deposits were 1.63 mg/kg on peach and 1.99 mg/kg on mandarin; terminal concentrations were lower than 0.05 mg/kg, which was acceptable in most cases. As anticipated, paclobutrazol levels in peels of mature mandarin were about 6.3 times higher than in pulp, indicating the potential risk of peel consumption. We also observed that paclobutrazol degradation in mature mandarin was relatively slow, indicating it might not be efficient enough to hold mandarin fruits on trees for lowering paclobutrazol concentrations. Significant enantioselectivity was observed: the (2R,3R)‐enantiomer was preferentially degraded in mandarin (whole fruit, peels, and pulp) but enriched in peach. Because of its more rapid degradation in mandarin and the lower levels observed in pulp compared with peels, potential endocrine‐related side effects due to the (2R,3R)‐enantiomer pose less of a risk in mandarin than in peach. Chirality 26:400–404, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unexplained Syncope: Implications of Age and Gender on Patient Characteristics and Evaluation, the Diagnostic Yield of an Implantable Loop Recorder, and the Subsequent Treatment
Authors: Edvardsson Nils , Garutti Claudio , Rieger Guido , Linker Nicholas J. ,   for the PICTURE Study Investigators
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundSyncope is a common clinical problem with a variety of underlying mechanisms, some of which occur more frequently in 1 of the sexes or at a certain age.HypothesisThere may be clinically significant age‐ and gender‐related differences in patients with unexplained syncope.MethodsFive hundred seventy patients (54% women) with unexplained syncope received an implantable loop recorder (ILR) and were followed until diagnosis or for at least 1 year.ResultsWomen were older and more prone to severe trauma during syncope (40.8% vs 29.9%, P = 0.007), and hospitalization was more common at ≥65 years (P = 0.003) without gender difference. Muscle spasms or grand mal seizures were more common in men and at <65 years old. Carotid sinus pressure, exercise testing, coronary angiography and magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography scans were more commonly performed in men, whereas no test was more common in women. Tilt testing, exercise test, electroencephalography, and neurological or psychiatric evaluation were more common at ≥65 years. There were no age‐ or gender‐related differences in the diagnostic yield of the ILR, whereas patients ≥65 years old more often received specific treatment based on ILR data.ConclusionsGender and/or age had relevance for the clinical evaluation, rate of recurrence, and subsequent specific treatment but not for the diagnostic yield of the ILR.