bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural insight into the Csx1–Crn2 fusion self-limiting ribonuclease of type III CRISPR system
Authors: Zhang Danping , Du Liyang , Gao Haishan , Yuan Cai , Lin Zhonghui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the type III CRISPR system, cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) molecules act as second messengers, activating various promiscuous ancillary nucleases that indiscriminately degrade host and viral DNA/RNA. Conversely, ring nucleases, by specifically cleaving cOA molecules, function as off-switches to protect host cells from dormancy or death, and allow viruses to counteract immune responses. The fusion protein Csx1–Crn2, combining host ribonuclease with viral ring nuclease, represents a unique self-limiting ribonuclease family. Here, we describe the structures of Csx1–Crn2 from the organism of Marinitoga sp., in both its full-length and truncated forms, as well as in complex with cA4. We show that Csx1–Crn2 operates as a homo-tetramer, a configuration crucial for preserving the structural integrity of the HEPN domain and ensuring effective ssRNA cleavage. The binding of cA4 to the CARF domain triggers significant conformational changes across the CARF, HTH, and into the HEPN domains, leading the two R-X4-6-H motifs to form a composite catalytic site. Intriguingly, an acetate ion was found to bind at this composite site by mimicking the scissile phosphate. Further molecular docking analysis reveals that the HEPN domain can accommodate a single ssRNA molecule involving both R-X4-6-H motifs, underscoring the importance of HEPN domain dimerization for its activation.
Nuclear F-actin assembly on damaged chromatin is regulated by DYRK1A and Spir1 phosphorylation
Authors: Li Junshi , Xiong Nan , West Kirk L , Leung Manton , Ching Yick Pang , Huang Jun , Yuan Jian , Yu Cheng-Han , Leung Justin , Huen Michael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Nuclear actin-based movements support DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. However, molecular determinants that promote filamentous actin (F-actin) formation on the damaged chromatin remain undefined. Here we describe the DYRK1A kinase as a nuclear activity that promotes local F-actin assembly to support DSB mobility and repair, accomplished in part by its targeting of actin nucleator spire homolog 1 (Spir1). Indeed, perturbing DYRK1A-dependent phosphorylation of S482 mis-regulated Spir1 accumulation at damaged-modified chromatin, and led to compromised DSB-associated actin polymerization and attenuated DNA repair. Our findings uncover a role of the DYRK1A–Spir1 axis in nuclear actin dynamics during early DSB responses, and highlight the intricate details of nuclear cytoskeletal network in DSB repair and genome stability maintenance.
Characterization of a MHYT domain-coupled transcriptional regulator that responds to carbon monoxide
Authors: Durante-Rodríguez Gonzalo , de Francisco-Polanco Sofía , García José Luis , Díaz Eduardo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The MHYT domain, identified over two decades ago for its potential to detect diatomic gases like CO, O2 or NO, has awaited experimental validation as a protein sensory domain. Here, we characterize the MHYT domain-containing transcriptional regulator CoxC, which governs the expression of the cox genes responsible for aerobic CO oxidation in the carboxidotrophic bacterium Afipia carboxidovorans OM5. The C-terminal LytTR-type DNA-binding domain of CoxC binds to an operator region consisting of three direct repeats sequences overlapping the –35 box at the target PcoxB promoter, which is consistent with the role of CoxC as a specific transcriptional repressor of the cox genes. Notably, the N-terminal transmembrane MHYT domain endows CoxC with the ability to sense CO as an effector molecule, as demonstrated by the relief of CoxC-mediated repression and binding to the PcoxB promoter upon CO exposure. Furthermore, copper serves as the essential divalent cation for the interaction of CO with CoxC, thereby confirming previous hypothesis regarding the role of copper in the gas-sensing mechanism of MHYT domains. CoxC represents the prototype of a novel subfamily of single-component LytTR transcriptional regulators, characterized by the fusion of a DNA-binding domain with a membrane-bound MHYT sensor domain.
Dual genetic level modification engineering accelerate genome evolution of Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhang Jie , Zhao Zhe , Li Yichen , You Jiajia , Wang Yi , Li Xiangfei , Xu Meijuan , Rao Zhiming 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
High spontaneous mutation rate is crucial for obtaining ideal phenotype and exploring the relationship between genes and phenotype. How to break the genetic stability of organisms and increase the mutation frequency has become a research hotspot. Here, we present a practical and controllable evolutionary tool (oMut-Cgts) based on dual genetic level modification engineering for Corynebacterium glutamicum. Firstly, the modification engineering of transcription and replication levels based on RNA polymerase α subunit and DNA helicase Cgl0854 as the ‘dock’ of cytidine deaminase (pmCDA1) significantly increased the mutation rate, proving that the localization of pmCDA1 around transient ssDNA is necessary for genome mutation. Then, the combined modification and optimization of engineering at dual genetic level achieved 1.02 × 104-fold increased mutation rate. The genome sequencing revealed that the oMut-Cgts perform uniform and efficient C:G→T:A transitions on a genome-wide scale. Furthermore, oMut-Cgts-mediated rapid evolution of C. glutamicum with stress (acid, oxidative and ethanol) tolerance proved that the tool has powerful functions in multi-dimensional biological engineering (rapid phenotype evolution, gene function mining and protein evolution). The strategies for rapid genome evolution provided in this study are expected to be applicable to a variety of applications in all prokaryotic cells.
Diversification of the Rho transcription termination factor in bacteria
Authors: Moreira Sofia M , Chyou Te-yuan , Wade Joseph T , Brown Chris M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Correct termination of transcription is essential for gene expression. In bacteria, factor-dependent termination relies on the Rho factor, that classically has three conserved domains. Some bacteria also have a functional insertion region. However, the variation in Rho structure among bacteria has not been analyzed in detail. This study determines the distribution, sequence conservation, and predicted features of Rho factors with diverse domain architectures by analyzing 2730 bacterial genomes. About half (49.8%) of the species analyzed have the typical Escherichia coli like Rho while most of the other species (39.8%) have diverse, atypical forms of Rho. Besides conservation of the main domains, we describe a duplicated RNA-binding domain present in specific species and novel variations in the bicyclomycin binding pocket. The additional regions observed in Rho proteins exhibit remarkable diversity. Commonly, however, they have exceptional amino acid compositions and are predicted to be intrinsically disordered, to undergo phase separation, or have prion-like behavior. Phase separation has recently been shown to play roles in Rho function and bacterial fitness during harsh conditions in one species and this study suggests a more widespread role. In conclusion, diverse atypical Rho factors are broadly distributed among bacteria, suggesting additional cellular roles.
Small RNA-mediated genetic switches coordinate ALG-3/4 small RNA pathway function
Authors: Sen Trilotma , McCormick Cara , Rogers Alicia K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Coordination of gene regulatory networks is necessary for proper execution of cellular programs throughout development. RNA interference (RNAi) is an essential regulatory mechanism in all metazoans. Proper RNAi-mediated gene regulation requires coordination of several RNAi branches to ensure homeostasis. For example, in Caenorhabditis elegans, the Argonautes, ALG-3 and ALG-4, are expressed specifically during spermatogenesis (L4 stage) and bind small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) complementary to sperm-enriched genes. We find that alg-3 and alg-4 are regulated by siRNAs. Our work shows that gene switches are operated via these siRNAs to regulate the Argonautes’ expression in a temporal manner. This RNAi-to-RNAi regulatory cascade is essential for coordinating ALG-3/4 pathway function, particularly during heat stress, to provide thermotolerant sperm-based fertility. This work provides insight into one regulatory motif used to maintain RNAi homeostasis, across developmental stages, despite environmental stressors. As RNAi pathways are evolutionarily conserved, other species likely use similar regulatory architectures to maintain RNAi homeostasis.
Marrow-ablative consolidation chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy delivered in a risk-adapted manner for newly diagnosed children with choroid plexus carcinoma: A work in progress
Authors: Yankelevich Maxim , Zaky Wafik , Lafay-Cousin Lucie , Osorio Diana , Adamski Jenny , Kordes Uwe , Finlay Jonathan L , Prados Michael , Mueller Sabine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPC) are early childhood cancers characterized by loss of TP53 function and poor survival. We are analyzing data on TP53 status, survival, and second cancers from the largest cohort of CPC receiving chemotherapy followed by consolidation with marrow-ablative chemotherapy (HDCx). Additionally, we discuss the rationale for targeted therapies for CPC patients. Currently, 8 of the 13 with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome-associated CPC were treated and continued CPC-free, indicating that HDCx improves CPC-free survival in young children with TP53-mutated CPC. These data justify the inclusion of HDCx in the planned prospective international trial for children with TP53-mutated CPC.
SPL08 JOB EXPOSURE MATRICES: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Authors: Descatha Alexis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Obtaining accurate estimates of occupational exposures is a critical objective in epidemiological studies involving working populations. Job-Exposure Matrices (JEMs) have served this purpose for decades, particularly when individual-level exposure data are unavailable, for chemical then other exposure. A JEM is mostly a contingency table that assigns exposures to a large cohort of workers based on their job categories. This approach helps mitigate biases related to symptoms or patient status. Additionally, JEMs are helpful for assessing past exposures, where direct measurement is impossible, and relying on memory may introduce classification errors. Developing a JEM involves several steps. Firstly, the design must be defined: is it based on existing data or expert opinion? What job classification system will be utilized? What components of exposure will be considered? How will other factors be incorporated, such as time, place, gender, and prevention …? Once the framework is established, the matrix is constructed accordingly. Subsequently, its reliability needed to be test through validation studies, and process usually take years. However, users should be mindful of the limitations associated with JEMs. These matrices represent an “average” level of exposure and may not capture the individual variability within the same job category. Moreover, caution must be exercised due to the inherent limitations in their construction and job coding before using such tools. Nevertheless, JEMs offer numerous advantages for researchers, as well as public health practitioners, and occupational health professionals. They provide a systematic approach to estimating exposures and are readily available for certain occupations at collective level.
SS04-02 FREQUENCY OF MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AT WORK OVER TIME AND DESIGN OF WORKPLACE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Durand Pierre , Marchand Alain , Blanc Marie-Ève 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Numerous population-based studies have been conducted on the factors that contribute to mental health problems in the workplace and the factors that promote well-being in the workplace. However, knowledge of these factors does not mean that best practices or interventions will automatically be implemented in the workplace.

Methods
The Observatory on Mental Health and Well-being at Work (OSMET) conducted a large longitudinal study of 6602 people in 95 workplaces that participated in the OSMET Longitudinal Study (ELOSMET). This is an online survey started in 2019 that is repeated every year for five years. We will report the results of the first three years taking into account those obtained before, during, and following the intensive COVID-19 period.

Results
The frequency of nervous breakdown problems increased during COVID-19 in age groups over 35 years (14% to 17%) while the frequency of burnout decreased significantly (29.7% to 25.1%). Moreover, following this pandemic, it seems that the frequencies of these same problems are returning to their original level.

Conclusions
In these workplaces, in age groups over 35 years of age, we are seeing problems returning to work under the same conditions as before COVID-19. It is becoming clear, as we have already pointed out in previous studies, that the solutions involve a critical examination of jobs and working conditions and a new design of these.
SS16-02 APPROACH TO CONTROLLING THE RISKS LINKED TO SUBCONTRACTING: IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERPROFESSIONAL GROUP FOR PREVENTION AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY (GIPSI) RECEPTION AND SUPPORT APPROACH
Authors: Essoufi Abdelmajid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The Group's policy taken as an example in terms of risk management in general is very demanding and in particular to prevent professional risks linked to external companies. A set of measures (prevention plan, work permits, training and awareness, etc.) is put in place to support the external company in carrying out the activities that have been subcontracted to it.

Method
The Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) team with the Human Resources (HR), production, maintenance and purchasing departments, has developed a specific approach to controlling the risks linked to subcontracting through the implementation of a welcoming and support approach for the external company.

Result
Achievement of objectives in terms of frequency rate and severity rate.

Discussion
Presentation of the policy and the various provisions adopted by the user company.

Conclusion
Taking charge of the risks generated by subcontractors by the user companies by involving them in the reflection makes it possible to achieve satisfactory results.
SS18 MENTAL HEALTH AND VIOLENCE ISSUES IN HEALTH WORKERS
Authors: Henriquez Caballero Marcela Paz 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The crisis generated by COVID-19 brought a large number of negative consequences for workers in the health sector, which on average is made up of at least 70% women. The long working hours, the stigmatization, the fear of contagion in the family and other emotional demands of the crisis, endangered the physical and mental health of many women.
In this session we will analyse the issue and review the measures that have been most effective in dealing with violence and mental health problems at work.
SS22-02 ILO LANDMARK DECISION: A TIMELY BRIDGE FOR VULNERABLE WORKERS TOWARDS SDG8 - DECENT WORK
Authors: Seneviratne Mahinda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The landmark ILO decision to include safe and healthy working environment as one of its five pillars on rights at work was long overdue. Innovative policy and programs, together with regulatory reforms are now needed to align these rights with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDG8 - Decent Work.

Materials and Methods
Work Health and Safety (WHS) Regulations on duties of care can be broadened and strengthened to include informal workers. Targeted right-to-know programs need to be delivered to vulnerable workers, such as the young and newly arrived migrants.

Results
Small enterprises comprise a majority of workplaces with unsafe and hazardous working environments for vulnerable workers. They pose challenges for OHS practitioners to understand its social and political economy when making policy and in developing effective programs.

Conclusion
The ILO decision provides a timely bridge to cross the deep waters of SDG8 - Decent Work for the most vulnerable workers.
SS40-01 NECESSITIES OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING IN INDIAN INFORMAL SECTORS
Authors: Gangopadhyay Somnath 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Workers in the Indian informal sector are involved with different occupations. They are facing with various work-related hazards. Ultimately, they develop several health and safety related issues. For the betterment of health and safety at work, the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code was passed by the Parliament in September 2020. The part of the money collected through fines imposed under the Code is allocated to a social security fund. However, the social security arrangements for the vulnerable poor in general, and informal workers in particular, have been very minimal. Moreover, these welfare schemes have a minimum effect on the prevention of health and safety hazards.

Materials and Methods
All the information has been collected from government records, newspapers and websites.

Results
Approximately 90% of Indian workers are engaged in the informal sectors. The Indian government has taken some initiatives to improve the socio-physiological needs of the informal sector workers by introducing different welfare schemes. Most of the cases in informal sectors, health and safety related issues are developed due to poor awareness of the occurrence of provable risks of work. This is highly related to the lack of training and education in informal sectors on the identification and rectification of health and safety related hazards.

Conclusions
Short-duration training, education and awareness programs may develop the skills among the informal workers to identify health and safety hazards, and to respond to emergencies. Interactive animations and short videos on basic safety and health issues may be helpful to improve safety and health awareness.
SS40-08 DEVELOPMENT OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM FOR BASIC OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES DELIVERY FOR INFORMAL WORKERS IN THAILAND
Authors: Untimanon Orrapan , Siriruttanapruk Somkiat , Uthaithong Khwannapa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The evaluation of Basic Occupational Health Services (BOHS) in Thailand was quite satisfactory however, there were some limitations especially the lack of financial support for such services. This study aims to develop the financial system of BOHS provided to informal workers (IFW).

Materials and Methods
The descriptive study was conducted during 2022-2023. The cost of BOHS and the Occupational Diseases and Environmental Diseases Control Act A.D. 2019 (OD Act) were reviewed. One-day meetings were held twice to discuss the existing financial system. Finally, the policy brief related to the financial system was submitted to the National Health Security Office which develops the healthcare system under the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) scheme.

Results
The surveillance of occupational diseases (OD) among IFW who shall be entitled to obtain health examination was stated in the section 27 under the OD Act. Costs of BOHS activities including walkthrough survey, risk assessment, health surveillance, OD diagnosis and risk management have been explored. Two options of the costs were proposed as follow: Option 1: specification for all IFW = 70 Baht or 2 USD/capita, and Option 2: specification for only high risk IFW who are exposed to lead (350 Baht or 10 USD/capita), silica dust (600 Baht or 17 USD/capita), asbestos (600 Baht or 17 USD/capita), and pesticides (30 Baht or 1 USD/capita).

Conclusions
The financial support is an essential mechanism to enforce such a law. Specification of the BOHS cost for all IFW (Option 1) in the UHC system is highly recommended to increase the coverage of such services.
SS50-03 PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND HEALTH: CAN PROFESSIONAL BUS DRIVERS ACHIEVE SYMBIOSIS? (THE EU INTERCAMBIO PROJECT)
Authors: Guseva-Canu Irina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
There is an interdependence between air quality and professional bus drivers’ (PBDs) health. The transport sector contributes to a large part of gaseous and particulate air pollutant emissions, whereas the availability of functional and sustainable public transport decreases these emissions. The latter is however dependant on the availability of healthy PBDs. The current PBD shortage causes bus line cancelling in many cities and countries.

Materials and Methods
We reviewed the available literature on PBDs, mapped and categorized their occupational exposures and related health effects. We also reviewed interventional studies in PBDs.

Results
PBDs have been traditionally facing many occupational hazards including exposure to physical, chemical, and biological agents. Exposure to psychosocial and organisational factors is more recent, with the increase of private cars and other road users, time pressure, irregular hours and shift work, lack of resources and amenities, and aggressive behaviour of clients and other road users. These exposures are associated with both somatic diseases and mental health problems. With climate change and extreme weather conditions PBDs encounter new challenges and technological solutions. Eco-driving assistance (EDA) in their vehicles is one of them. Although EDA could help reduce fuel consumption and air pollution, its effect on PBDs’ wellbeing and work conditions has not been assessed. Most interventional studies have focused on drivers’ performance only.

Conclusions
Interventional studies focused on PBD health and wellbeing, such as in the EU INTERCAMBIO project, are necessary to prevent the workforce shortage, improve the attractiveness of the profession, and the long-term sustainability of public transport systems.
SS50-04 INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE SKIN SENSITISATION TO EPOXY RESINS AND DERMATITIS IN THE WINDMILL BLADE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY: THE EU INTERCAMBIO PROJECT
Authors: Stokholm Zara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The transition from fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources demands an increased deployment of wind-power generation capacity across the globe. The manufacture of windmill blades, however, remains a labour-intensive process where there is substantial risk of human exposure to epoxy-resins, skin sensitisation and contact dermatitis. Therefore, we aim to develop holistic, sustainable interventions that mitigate these risks.

Materials and Methods
First, we will work with stakeholders from the industry in Denmark, Spain and Portugal to identify potential risk factors for and routes of skin contamination. Secondly, we will devise solutions that address proposed causal factors and enhance compliance with preventive measures, e.g. using the natural photo fluorescence of epoxy compounds to render contamination visible. Thirdly, we will work with industry partners to implement said interventions and assess their effectiveness by means of experimental trials. Finally, we will work with aforementioned industry partners to develop a strategy for industry-wide implementation of novel preventive measures.

Results
We will present results from ongoing studies and discuss how the EU INTERCAMBIO project will add to the existing knowledge on the occupational health of workers in the windmill blade manufacturing industry.

Conclusions
Results will provide both epidemiological and mechanistic understanding of the prevalence and incidence of epoxy skin-sensitisation in the industry. Proposed intervention trials will provide experimental evidence for the effectiveness of co-created preventive measures. Overall, EU INTERCAMBIO has the potential to improve the health and well-being of workers in an industry that is critical to the success of the European Green Deal.