bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles by a Vitamin C-Assisted Covering with Gold
Authors: Jagminas Arūnas , Mažeika Kęstutis , Kondrotas Rokas , Kurtinaitienė Marija , Jagminienė Aldona , Mikalauskaitė Agnė 
Published: April 2014

We report the design and methodology for functionalization of the surface of small Co-ferrite nanoparticles with a mean size of up to 5.0 nm through the attachment of vitamin C molecules initiating [AuCl4]− reduction and the subsequent deposition of gold. By this method, Co-ferrite-Au nanoparticles have been fabricated for the first time in a simple and controllable manner, consisting of the determination of the consumed ascorbic acid content. The sequential addition of vitamin C and HAuCl4 to the ferrofluid at low concentrations leads to the formation of a gold shell on the ferrite core. This approach avoids the additional stabilization of ferrite nanoparticles before gold deposition, and is of great importance in view of the preparation of biodegradable superparamagnetic particles for nanomedicine applications. The deposition of gold onto the ferrite surface was proved herein by UV-vis absorption and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Sedation of western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus ocydromus) with tiletamine-zolazepam
Authors: Mayberry C , Bencini R , Mawson PR , Maloney SK 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIt is sometimes necessary to restrain kangaroos (Macropus spp) for veterinary treatment or in the course of scientific research, but the associated stresses may induce capture myopathy in wild kangaroos. Judicious use of injectable sedatives can reduce the risk of capture myopathy. Zoletil®, a proprietary mixture of tiletamine and zolazepam, is reported to have a wide safety margin, a small dose volume, and be quick acting for a range of animals. We investigated the dose-response relationship of Zoletil® in 26 western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus ocydromus). All kangaroos were recumbent within 5-10 min of intramuscular injection with mean (± SD) Zoletil® of 4.55 (± 0.98) mg kg−1. Mean (± SD) time to recovery varied between individuals, 2.07 (± 0.41) h over all occasions, and was independent of dose rate. For animals that were assessed on multiple occasions, mean (± SEM) time to recover was reduced from 2.25 (± 0.09) h on the first occasion to 2.15 (± 0.10) h on the second occasion and 1.81 (± 0.11) h on the third. Since kangaroos sedated with Zoletil® are vulnerable to predation and injury during recovery, we believe they should be supervised until they are able to fend for themselves.
Lameness is consistently better at predicting broiler chicken performance in mobility tests than other broiler characteristics
Authors: Caplen G , Hothersall B , Nicol CJ , Parker RMA , Waterman-Pearson AE , Weeks CA , Murrell JC 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTo determine whether lame broilers are in pain it is necessary to compare measures of lameness and mobility before and after analgesic treatment. Such measures should not be unduly affected by other bird characteristics. This study assessed the performance of lame (gait score, GS 3-4) and non-lame (GS 0-1) broilers using two mobility tests: (i) a novel test to assess broiler ability to access resources when housed in groups (Group Obstacle test); and (ii) a Latency-to-Lie (LTL) test. Outcome test measures included number of obstacle crossings, latency to cross an obstacle, and time taken to sit in shallow water. Associations between outcome test measures and other bird characteristics (established lameness risk-factors), including strain, sex, age, mass, contact dermatitis and pathology, were also investigated. The performance of high-GS and low-GS broilers differed in both mobility tests and no other bird characteristics were as consistent a predictor as lameness. This demonstrates that mobility impairments are closely related to lameness assessed using GS, and that there is a component of lameness that cannot be explained by other bird characteristics (eg being male and heavy). This component may represent pain or discomfort. Both mobility tests are suitable for further application with analgesic testing to classify lameness-associated pain in broilers.
Characteristics of 24 cases of animal hoarding in Spain
Authors: Calvo P , Duarte C , Bowen J , Bulbena A , Fatjó J 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAnimal hoarding is considered to be an under-reported problem, which affects the welfare of both people and animals. Few published studies on animal hoarding are available in the scientific literature, particularly outside North America. The present study was designed to obtain data on animal hoarding in Spain, with a particular focus on animal welfare issues. Data were obtained retrospectively from 24 case reports of animal hoarding involving a total of 1,218 dogs and cats and 27 hoarders. All cases were the result of legal intervention by a Spanish humane society during the period from 2002 to 2011. Hoarders could be characterised as elderly, socially isolated men and women who tended to hoard only one species (dog or cat). Most cases presented a chronic course of more than five years of animal hoarding. The average number of animals per case was 50, with most animals being dogs. In 75% of cases the animals showed indications of poor welfare, including poor body condition, and the presence of wounds, parasitic and infectious illnesses. Amongst the hoarded animals aggression and social fear were the most commonly reported behaviours. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on animal hoarding in Spain and one of the first in Europe. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the epidemiology, cross-cultural differences and aetiology of this under-recognised public health and welfare problem. More research might help to find efficient protocols to assist in the resolution and prevention of this kind of problem.
Effects of pre-transport nutrient supplementation and transport duration on the post-transport blood biochemistry, bodyweight and welfare of ostriches
Authors: Bejaei M , Bennett DC , Schaefer AL , Cheng KM 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThere are very few abattoirs in North America that process ostriches (Struthio camelus) which means producers are forced to transport their birds over long distances (> 500 km) for processing. The objectives of this research were to investigate the effects of pre-transport nutrient supplementation and transport duration on ostrich bodyweight and blood biochemistry. A total of 45 ostriches were used in three transport trials with driving durations of 30 min (n = 10), 7 h (n = 11) and 18 h (n = 24). Birds were weighed and blood sampled (10 ml) before and after transport. There were two treatment groups in each trial: control (n = 22) and nutrient-supplemented (n = 23). Prior to transport, each bird in the nutrient-supplement group was tube-fed 1 L of liquid nutrient supplement (containing water, dextrose, protein, and electrolytes), and control birds were each tube-fed 1 L of water. The results of our study showed that birds which were shipped for 18 h lost the most bodyweight while birds transported for 7 h lost more weight than those transported for 30 min. Birds which were transported for a longer time also had higher post-transport concentrations of plasma glucose, creatine phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein and uric acid. Male birds which received nutrient supplement lost less weight compared to the male control birds. We concluded that under the present shipping conditions, long distance transportation is detrimental to ostrich welfare with significant loss to producers due to mortalities and shrinkage. Our results also indicated that the use of pre-transport nutrient supplementation can partially alleviate the effect of the transportation stress.
Physicochemical processes of frictional healing: Effects of water on stick‐slip stress drop and friction of granular fault gouge
Authors: Scuderi Marco M. , Carpenter Brett M. , Marone Chris 
Published: April 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the micromechanical processes that dictate the evolution of fault strength during the seismic cycle is a fundamental problem in earthquake physics. We report on laboratory experiments that investigate the role of water during repetitive stick‐slip frictional sliding, with particular emphasis on the grain‐scale and atomic‐scale mechanisms of frictional restrengthening (healing). Our experiments are designed to test underlying concepts of rate and state friction laws. We sheared layers of soda‐lime glass beads in a double direct shear configuration at a constant normal stress of 5 MPa. Shear stress was applied via a constant displacement rate from 0.3 to 300 µm/s. During each experiment, relative air humidity (RH) was kept constant at values of 5, 50, or 100%. Our data show a systematic increase in maximum friction (μmax), stick‐slip friction drop (Δμ), and frictional healing rate, with increasing RH. The highest values of interevent dilation occur at 100% RH. Postexperiment scanning electron microscope observations reveal details of contact junction processes, showing a larger grain‐to‐grain contact area at higher RH. We find that the evolution of contact area depends inversely on slip velocity and directly on RH. Our results illuminate the fundamental processes that dictate stick‐slip frictional sliding and provide important constraints on the mechanisms of rate and state friction.
Universality of slow earthquakes in the very low frequency band
Authors: Ide Satoshi , Yabe Suguru 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDeep tectonic tremors have been observed together with signals in the very low frequency (VLF) band from 0.02 to 0.05 Hz, which have been identified as VLF events in limited regions of subduction zones. By stacking broadband seismograms relative to the timing of tremors, we have detected similar signals in all regions where tremors occur in western Japan. These signals are inverted to obtain the moment tensor, and the fault‐normal and slip vectors are generally consistent with the geometry of the plate interface and the direction of plate motion. Therefore, these signals are probably radiated by shear slip on the plate interface. The ratio between the seismic energy rate estimated from the tremors and seismic moment rate in the VLF band is almost proportional, with a proportionality constant (i.e., scaled energy) of around 5 × 10−10. The spatial distribution of scaled energy may reflect spatial variations in the frequency‐dependent characteristics of slow deformation.
Controllable fabrication and catalytic activity of highly b‐oriented HZSM‐5 coatings
Authors: Ji Meiling , Liu Guozhu , Wang Li , Zhang Xiangwen 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceMultilayer b‐orientated HZSM‐5 catalytic coating is controllably synthesized by repeated growth of zeolite layer on TiOH‐modified surface of sublayer. The as‐prepared zeolite coating shows performance enhancement up to 110% in catalytic cracking of n‐dodecane ascribed to enhanced mass transfer in its straight and short pathway along the b‐axis. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1964–1968, 2014
Dreidimensionale Proteinnetzwerke durch Zwei‐Photonen‐ Aktivierung
Authors: Gatterdam Volker , Ramadass Radhan , Stoess Tatjana , Fichte Manuela A. H. , Wachtveitl Josef , Heckel Alexander , Tampé Robert 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDie präzise räumliche und zeitliche Steuerung biologischer Prozesse spielt eine Schlüsselrolle in den Lebens‐ und Materialwissenschaften. Wir haben ein photoaktivierbares Glutathion (GSH) synthetisiert, um seine Interaktion mit der Glutathion‐S‐Transferase (GST) lichtgesteuert mit hoher räumlich‐zeitlicher Auflösung zu induzieren. Diese zwei‐Photonen‐aktivierbare Verbindung zeigt eine schnelle und definierte Umwandlung zu bioaktivem GSH, das in der Folge mit verschiedenen GST‐markierten Proteinen interagieren kann. Die Affinität der GSH/GST‐Interaktion wird durch Licht über mehrere Größenordnungen bis in den nanomolaren Bereich erhöht. In situ können durch fs‐gepulste Zwei‐Photonen‐Anregung gleichzeitig vielfältige, dreidimensionale Proteinnetzwerke generiert werden. Die Zwei‐Photonen‐Aktivierung ermöglicht ein “Schreiben” von dreidimensionalen Proteinstrukturen in Echtzeit mit bisher unerreichter räumlich‐zeitlicher Auflösung und öffnet somit neue weitreichende Anwendungen in den Lebens‐ und Materialwissenschaften.
Nanobiomolekulare Multiproteinarchitekturen zur Etablierung von schaltbaren Signalketten auf Elektroden
Authors: Feifel Sven C. , Kapp Andreas , Ludwig Roland , Lisdat Fred 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAus drei Proteinkomponenten wird eine supramolekulare Proteinarchitektur auf Elektroden aufgebaut. Damit kann eine bidirektionale Elektronentransferkaskade infolge intermolekularen Elektronentransfers etabliert werden. Der supramolekulare Aufbau im Multischichtformat wird durch das Einbetten zweier unterschiedlicher Enzyme (Cellobiosedehydrogenase und Laccase), sowie eines Redoxproteins (Cytochrom c) mittels carboxymodifizierten Siliciumdioxidnanopartikeln realisiert. Das Multiproteinsystem ermöglicht die duale Detektion zweier unterschiedlicher Analyte: Laktose und Sauerstoff. Die Kontrolle der Enzymaktivität – das heißt, das selektive Anschalten der Bioelektrokatalyse – wird durch das angelegte Potential erreicht, da hierdurch der Redoxzustand von Cytochrom c vorgegeben wird. Die beiden bidirektionalen Signalketten arbeiten in einer unseparierten Matrix, ohne dass die Anwesenheit des anderen Biokatalysators störend wirkt.
Gold‐Catalyzed C(sp3)H/C(sp)H Coupling/Cyclization/Oxidative Alkynylation Sequence: A Powerful Strategy for the Synthesis of 3‐Alkynyl Polysubstituted Furans
Authors: Ma Yuanhong , Zhang Shuai , Yang Shiping , Song Feijie , You Jingsong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn sharp contrast to the gold‐catalyzed reactions of alkynes/allenes with nucleophiles, gold‐catalyzed oxidative cross‐couplings and especially CH/CH cross‐coupling have been under represented. By taking advantage of the unique redox property and carbophilic π acidity of gold, this work realizes the first gold‐catalyzed direct C(sp3)H alkynylation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with terminal alkynes under mild reaction conditions, with subsequent cyclization and in situ oxidative alkynylation. A variety of terminal alkynes including aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkyl, and cyclopropyl alkynes all successfully participate in the domino reaction. The protocol offers a simple and region‐defined approach to 3‐alkynyl polysubstituted furans.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective CH Alkylation of Ferrocenes with Alkenes Using Chiral Diene Ligands
Authors: Shibata Takanori , Shizuno Tsubasa 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe first catalytic and enantioselective CH alkylation of ferrocene derivatives with various alkenes was achieved. A cationic iridium complex, having a chiral diene ligand, and an isoquinolyl moiety as a directing group are essential for regioselective and enantioselective CH bond activation.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Annulation of Indolin‐3‐ones with Bromoenals
Authors: Ni Qijian , Song Xiaoxiao , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter 
Published: April 2014

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed reactions of indolin‐3‐ones with 2‐bromoenals opened an asymmetric access to 3,4‐dihydropyrano[3,2‐b]indol‐2(5 H)‐ones in good yields and with good to excellent enantioselectivities. This protocol tolerates a broad substrate scope. In addition, a possible mechanism for the annulation reaction is presented.
Rapid communication: Computational simulation and analysis of a candidate for the design of a novel silk‐based biopolymer
Authors: Golas Ewa I. , Czaplewski Cezary 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis work theoretically investigates the mechanical properties of a novel silk‐derived biopolymer as polymerized in silico from sericin and elastin‐like monomers. Molecular Dynamics simulations and Steered Molecular Dynamics were the principal computational methods used, the latter of which applies an external force onto the system and thereby enables an observation of its response to stress. The models explored herein are single‐molecule approximations, and primarily serve as tools in a rational design process for the preliminary assessment of properties in a new material candidate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 915–923, 2014.
Preoperative nomogram to predict risk of bowel injury during adhesiolysis
Authors: ten Broek R P G , Strik C , van Goor H 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Inadvertent bowel injury during adhesiolysis is a major cause of increased morbidity and mortality following abdominal surgery. Identification of risk factors predicting this complication would guide preoperative counselling and surgical decision-making. The aim of this study was to identify predictive preoperative factors for inadvertent bowel injury occurring during adhesiolysis.

Methods
All patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery between June 2008 and June 2010 were evaluated prospectively as part of the LAPAD study. Data on adhesiolysis and inadvertent organ injury were gathered by direct observation during operation. Univariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors that increased the risk of inadvertent bowel injury. Independent predictors of bowel injury were identified using multivariable logistic regression and used to create a clinical nomogram.

Results
Of 715 patients eligible for analysis, 48 (6·7 per cent) had inadvertent bowel injuries. In 42 patients the defect was detected during operation and in nine at a later time (3 patients had both). Bowel resection was required for almost two-thirds of the enterotomies. The number of previous laparotomies, anatomical site of the operation, presence of bowel fistula and laparotomy via a pre-existing median scar were independent predictors of bowel injury. A clinical scoring system was constructed using a nomogram incorporating these risk factors; this had a predictive discrimination, measured as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, of 0·85.

Conclusion
A nomogram based on four independent factors predicted the risk of inadvertent bowel injury. Registration number: NCT01236625 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Borylation of Unactivated Aryl Chlorides under Mild Conditions by Using Diisopropylaminoborane as a Borylating Reagent
Authors: Guerrand Hélène D. S. , Marciasini Ludovic D. , Jousseaume Mélissa , Vaultier Michel , Pucheault Mathieu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of arylboronic ester derivatives from aryl chlorides by using aryl(amino)boranes is described. Palladium‐catalyzed coupling between aryl chlorides and diisopropylaminoborane leads to the formation of a CB bond under mild conditions. A wide range of functional groups are tolerated, making this method particularly useful for the borylation of functionalized aromatics.
Fluorographites (CFx)n Exhibit Improved Heterogeneous Electron‐Transfer Rates with Increasing Level of Fluorination: Towards the Sensing of Biomolecules
Authors: Chia Xinyi , Ambrosi Adriano , Otyepka Michal , Zbořil Radek , Pumera Martin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHalogenated sp2 materials are of high interest owing to their important electronic and electrochemical properties. Although methods for graphite and graphene fluorination have been extensively researched, the fundamental electrochemical properties of fluorinated graphite are not well established. In this paper, the electrochemistry of three fluorographite materials of different carbon‐to‐fluorine ratio were studied: (CF0.33)n, (CF0.47)n, and (CF0.75)n. Our findings reveal that the carbon‐to‐fluorine ratio of fluorographite will impact the electrochemical performance. Faster heterogeneous electron‐transfer (HET) rates and lowered oxidation potentials for ascorbic acid and uric acid are progressively obtained with increasing fluorine content. The fluorographite (CF0.75)n was in fact found to exhibit the most improved electrochemical performances with the fastest HET rates and significantly lowered overpotentials in the oxidation of ascorbic acid. Analytical parameters such as sensitivity and linearity were subsequently investigated by applying the fluorographite (CF0.75)n in the analysis of ascorbic acid and uric acid, which can be simultaneously detected. We determined good linear responses towards the detection of both ascorbic and uric acid. Fluorographites outperform graphites in sensing applications, which will have a profound impact on applications of fluorographites and fluorographene in sensing and biosensing.
Zinc‐Catalyzed [4+3] Cycloaddition with Concomitant Furan Annulation: Formation of Cyclohepta[b]Furans
Authors: Song Bo , Li Lian‐Hua , Song Xian‐Rong , Qiu Yi‐Feng , Zhong Mei‐Jin , Zhou Ping‐Xin , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA convenient zinc‐promoted [4+3] cycloaddition of a carbonyl ene–yne with simple dienes was first achieved. This reaction provided an efficient strategy to prepare various cyclohepta[b]furan rings by cascade cycloadditions. Additionally, a multicomponent reaction of dione, alkynal, and diene was also reported, which exhibited a novel strategy for selective creations of CO bonds and CC bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis, Structure, and Tunable Emission Spectra of a New Phosphor Sm(IO3)3·2H2O.
Authors: Pan Chun‐Yang , Mai Hai‐Deng , Chen Wu‐Zhou , Zhao Feng‐Hua , Yang Hong‐Mei 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe new phosphorSm(IO3)3·2H2O is prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions from the yellow solid product of a heated mixture of Sm2O5 and conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Superconductivity in Ba1‐xKxTi2Sb2O (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Controlled by the Layer Charge.
Authors: Pachmayr Ursula , Johrendt Dirk 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe title solid solution is synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Ba, BaO2, K, Sb, and Ti for x ≤ 0.5 and Ba, K, Sb, Ti, and TiO2 for x < 0.5 (Nb tubes, 600 °C, 15 h, sintering at 900 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure, Oxidation State and Magnetism of SrxLa2‐xCu0.5Ru0.5O4 (x = 1, 1.5).
Authors: Lue Minfeng , Deng Xiaolong , Waerenborgh Joao C. , Wu Xiaojie , Meng Jian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe compounds SrLaCu0.5Ru0.5O4 (I) and Sr1.5La0.5Cu0.5Ru0.5O4 (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of SrCO3, La2O3, RuO2, and CuO (1173—1673 K, 12—36 h) and characterized by powder XRD, XPS, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical resistivity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Keggin‐Type Polyoxometalates [PW11O39MCl]5‐ with Noble Metals (M: Rh and Ir): Novel Synthetic Entries and ESI‐MS Directed Reactivity Screening.
Authors: Sokolov Maxim N. , Adonin Sergey A. , Sinkevich Pavel L. , Vicent Cristian , Mainichev Dmitry A. , Fedin Vladimir P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe presence of Li+ is essential for a high yield of (III), which is characterized by NMR and ESI‐MS methods.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Versatile Approach to Synthesise Enantioenriched 3‐Hydroxyoxindoles, 1,3‐Dihydroisobenzofuran and 3‐Isochromanone Derivatives by a Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation—Cyclization Sequence.
Authors: Li Yi , Zhu Dong‐Xing , Xu Ming‐Hua 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe key step of the described sequence relies on an enantioselective addition of boronic acids (II) to ortho‐substituted aryl keto esters (I) and (IV) in the presence of a chiral sulfur‐based olefin ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric anti‐Mannich Reactions in Continuous Flow.
Authors: Martin‐Rapun Rafael , Sayalero Sonia , Pericas Miquel A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA very robust polymer‐supported chiral organocatalyst is prepared and successfully applied in the synthesis of highly enantioenriched anti‐type Mannich adducts (III) and (V) under continuous flow conditions.