bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the pelvic angle applied using lateral table tilt or a pelvic wedge at elective caesarean section
Authors: Kinsella S. M. , Harvey N. L. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryLateral table tilt or a pelvic wedge are commonly used to reduce inferior vena cava compression during obstetric anaesthesia in the supine position. Direct measurement of pelvic angle allows individual assessment of the effectiveness of these manoeuvres in achieving a tilted position. We observed routine practice during caesarean section after random allocation to one or other of these methods. The anaesthetist managing the case was asked to position the women after induction of spinal anaesthesia using either left table tilt or a wedge under the right hip. We then measured pelvic angle in all women, and the table angle in women who had table tilt. The mean (SD [range]) pelvic angle was 20.2° (8.1° [9°–37°]) in 18 women with table tilt and 21.0° (7.5° [10°–36°]) in 17 women with a wedge. The mean (SD [range]) table angle was 12.4° (3.1° [8°–21°]) in the women with table tilt. There was a significant difference between table angle and pelvic angle in the women with table tilt (p = 0.0003), but no significant difference in pelvic angle between the table tilt and wedge groups. Measurement of table angle does not represent pelvic position adequately in the majority of women. However, this study showed that lateral table tilt and a pelvic wedge were equally effective in producing tilt of the pelvis.
Production of active lipase by Rhizopus oryzae from sugarcane bagasse: solid state fermentation in a tray bioreactor
Authors: Vaseghi Zahra , Najafpour Ghasem D. , Mohseni Samaneh , Mahjoub Soleiman 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThis study deals with production of lipase in solid state fermentation by Rhizopus oryzae from sugarcane bagasse. A tray bioreactor was designed for the extracellular enzyme production. Daily, lipase production was evaluated at several incubation temperatures. Furthermore, the influence of temperature and humidity of the cabinet, depth of solid bed, particle size, initial moisture content and supplementary substrate (olive oil) as carbon source was investigated. The obtained results showed that bioreactor temperature of 45 °C, humidity of 80%, solid bed depth of 0.5 cm, particle size in the range of 0.335–1 mm, substrate initial moisture content of 80% for the top tray and 70% for the middle tray and supplementary substrate of 8% (v/w) olive oil led to maximum lipase production. Under optimum fermentation conditions after 72‐h incubation, maximum lipase activities for the top, middle and bottom trays were 215.16, 199.36 and 52.64 U gds−1, respectively.
Habitat complexity does not promote coexistence in a size‐structured intraguild predation system
Authors: Reichstein Birte , Schröder Arne , Persson Lennart , De Roos André M. 
Published: September 2012

Summary

Size‐dependent interactions and habitat complexity have been identified as important factors affecting the persistence of intraguild predation (IGP) systems. Habitat complexity has been suggested to promote intraguild (IG) prey and intraguild predator coexistence through weakening trophic interactions particularly the predation link.
Here, we experimentally investigate the effects of habitat complexity on coexistence and invasion success of differently sized IG‐predators in a size‐structured IGP system consisting of the IG‐predator Poecilia reticulata and a resident Heterandria formosa IG‐prey population. The experiments included medium‐long and long‐term invasion experiments, predator–prey experiments and competition experiments to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effect of prey refuges.
Habitat complexity did not promote the coexistence of IG‐predator and IG‐prey, although the predation link was substantially weakened. However, the presence of habitat structure affected the invasion success of large IG‐predators negatively and the invasion success of small IG‐predators positively. The effect of refuges on size‐dependent invasion success could be related to a major decrease in the IG‐predator's capture rate and a shift in the size distribution of IG‐predator juveniles.
In summary, habitat complexity had two main effects: (i) the predation link was diminished, resulting in a more competition driven system and (ii) the overall competitive abilities of the two species were equalized, but coexistence was not promoted. Our results suggest that in a size‐structured IGP system, individual level mechanisms may gain in importance over species level mechanisms in the presence of habitat complexity.
The Role of Angiotensin II on Sodium Appetite After a Low‐Sodium Diet
Authors: Mecawi A. S. , Vilhena‐Franco T. , Fonseca F. V. , Reis L. C. , Elias L. L. K. , Antunes‐Rodrigues J. 
Published: September 2012

The present study aimed to investigate the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) on sodium appetite in rats subjected to a normal or a low‐sodium diet (1% or > 0.1% NaCl) for 4 days. During sodium restriction, a reduction in water intake, urinary volume and sodium excretion was observed. After a low‐sodium diet, we observed decreased plasma protein concentrations and haematocrit associated with a slight reduction in arterial pressure, without any significant changes in heart rate, natraemia, corticotrophin‐releasing hormone mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus and corticosterone levels. After providing hypertonic saline, there was an increase in saline intake followed by a small increase in water intake, resulting in an enhanced saline intake ratio and the recovery of arterial pressure. Sodium deprivation increased plasma but not brain Ang I and II concentrations. A low‐sodium diet increased kidney renin and liver angiotensinogen mRNA levels but not lung angiotensin‐converting enzyme mRNA expression. Moreover, Ang II type 1a receptor mRNA expression was increased in the subfornical organ and the dorsal raphe nucleus and decreased in the medial preoptic nuclei, without changes in the paraventricular nucleus and the nucleus of solitary tract after a low‐sodium diet. Blockade of AT1 receptors or brain Ang II synthesis led to a reduction in sodium intake after a low‐sodium diet. Intracerebroventricular injection of Ang II led to a similar increase in sodium and water intake in the control and low‐sodium diet groups. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that Ang II is involved in the increased sodium appetite after a low‐sodium diet.
Factors affecting continued use of ceramic water purifiers distributed to tsunami‐affected communities in Sri Lanka
Authors: Casanova Lisa M. , Walters Adam , Naghawatte Ajith , Sobsey Mark D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives  There is little information about continued use of point‐of‐use technologies after disaster relief efforts. After the 2004 tsunami, the Red Cross distributed ceramic water filters in Sri Lanka. This study determined factors associated with filter disuse and evaluate the quality of household drinking water.Methods  A cross‐sectional survey of water sources and treatment, filter use and household characteristics was administered by in‐person oral interview, and household water quality was tested. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model probability of filter non‐use.Results  At the time of survey, 24% of households (107/452) did not use filters; the most common reason given was breakage (42%). The most common household water sources were taps and wells. Wells were used by 45% of filter users and 28% of non‐users. Of households with taps, 75% had source water Escherichia coli in the lowest World Health Organisation risk category (<1/100 ml), vs. only 30% of households reporting wells did. Tap households were approximately four times more likely to discontinue filter use than well households.Conclusion  After 2 years, 24% of households were non‐users. The main factors were breakage and household water source; households with taps were more likely to stop use than households with wells. Tap water users also had higher‐quality source water, suggesting that disuse is not necessarily negative and monitoring of water quality can aid decision‐making about continued use. To promote continued use, disaster recovery filter distribution efforts must be joined with capacity building for long‐term water monitoring, supply chains and local production.
In vitro and in vivo properties differ among liquid intravenous immunoglobulin preparations
Authors: Dhainaut F. , Guillaumat P.‐O. , Dib H. , Perret G. , Sauger A. , de Coupade C. , Beaudet M. , Elzaabi M. , Mouthon L. 
Published: September 2012

Objective  To compare in vitro and in vivo biological and biochemical properties of five liquid intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparations licensed for therapeutic use in Europe.Methods  ClairYg® was compared in a blinded manner to four other liquid IVIg preparations licensed in Europe (Octagam®, Kiovig®, Gamunex®, Privigen®). Three batches of each preparation were tested, except for the IgG repertoires and the animal model.Results  Levels of anti‐A and anti‐B antibodies were lower in ClairYg® (0·11/0·11) relative to a positive EDQM standard and Octagam® (0·11/0·08) than in other preparations (0·33–0·69/0·42–0·46). IgG in ClairYg® recognized 365 and 416 protein spots in HEp‐2 cell and Escherichia coli protein extracts vs. 230–330 and 402–842 protein spots, respectively, for IgG in other preparations. IgA content (301 vs. 165–820 ng/mg of IgG), Factor XI and Factor XII antigen (0·46 vs. 0·85–2·40 mU/mg of IgG and 7·8 vs. 20·0–46·2 lU/mg of IgG) C1q binding (0·42 vs. 0·67–1·89 arbitrary units) and C5a uptake (0·41 vs. 0·45–0·66% of activation) were lower in ClairYg® than in other preparations. Finally, intravenous infusion of ClairYg®, Gamunex® and Privigen® had no major effect on arterial blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Conclusions  Our results evidence some differences in the biological and biochemical properties among licensed liquid IVIg preparations.
Comparison of organic and conventional selection environments for spring wheat
Authors: KIRK ANNE P. , FOX STEPHEN L. , ENTZ MARTIN H. 
Published: September 2012

With 1 figure and 8 tables
AbstractAn important research question is whether wheat cultivars for organic production should be selected under organic field conditions. Yield, protein content and kernel weight (KWT) of seven populations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) selected in both organic and conventional growing conditions (termed selection environments) were compared at four organically and four conventionally managed sites (termed management environments). Selection environment was found to affect yield, protein and KWT in both management environments. At most sites, populations selected in organic environments had higher yields at organically managed sites relative to conventionally selected populations. When organically managed site‐years were combined, the yields of organically selected populations were significantly higher than those of conventionally selected populations. Populations selected under organic management had higher protein content and KWT under both management environments. Direct selection in organically managed field conditions for genotypes targeted to organic agriculture offers advantages over indirect selection in conventionally managed field conditions.
An unusual cause of fever
Authors: Gilchrist Michelle , Wong Melanie , Mansour Albert , Isaacs David 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA 5‐month old infant presented with a short history of fever of unknown origin. He initially appeared well although there was a resting tachycardia during periods of normal temperature, and pancytopenia. He remained febrile in spite of antibiotic therapy and by 48 h he had developed marked hepatosplenomegaly and coagulopathy. At 72 h a bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsy showed haemophagocytosis. By this time the infant was encephalopathic and haemodynamically unstable with multi‐organ dysfunction. Treatment with high‐dose methylprednisolone and cyclosporin was commenced with an initial good response. Unfortunately the patient ultimately died of infective complications of treatment and reactivation of the underlying disease process.Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disorder of the mononuclear phagocyte system characterised by proliferation of morphologically benign histiocytes resulting in hypercytokinaemia and uncontrolled activation of immune cells. The diagnosis of familial HLH should be considered in any infant with fever, splenomegaly and cytopenia of at least two cell lines. HLH may be cured by immunosuppressive therapy and eventual stem cell transplantation but rapid disease progression to multi‐organ failure results in a high mortality.
Double recurrence of group B streptococcus bacteremia in an immunocompetent infant
Authors: Shoda Tetsuo , Miyagi Natsuki , Shirai Kentaro , Furushima Wakana , Takahashi Masaki , Mimura Sho , Isozaki Atsushi , Kawano Yutaka 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report an immunocompetent infantile case wherein group B streptococcus bacteremia recurred two times. The isolated bacteria which colonized in his nasopharyngeal cavity might be a source of repetitive infection. Although the best action has not been established yet, penicillin G as the prophylaxis seemed to be effective in this case.
Rhabdomyolysis associated with influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection in a pediatric patient
Authors: Ishiwada Naruhiko , Takada Nobuyuki , Okunushi Tomoko , Hishiki Haruka , Katano Harutaka , Nakajima Noriko , Kohno Yoichi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe influenza A/H1N1 2009 epidemic has spread to many countries since 2009, including Japan. We report an immune‐competent child involving rhabdomyolysis and compartment syndrome associated with influenza A/H1N1 2009. The patient was demonstrated rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria, hyperkalemia, cardiac dysfunction and compartment syndrome that arose during convalescence from influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection. Although RT‐PCR of muscle tissue yielded negative results for influenza A/H1N1 2009 RNA and no viral positive‐antigen cells were detected in the muscle lesions, the clinical picture suggested rhabdomyolysis associated with influenza A/H1N1. Rhabdomyolysis should be considered in the evaluation of muscle symptoms such as myalgia associated with novel influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus infection, particularly in critically ill patients.
A case of meningoencephalitis associated with macrolide‐resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Authors: Koga Shunsuke , Ishiwada Naruhiko , Honda Yoshiko , Okunushi Tomoko , Hishiki Haruka , Ouchi Kazunobu , Kohno Yoichi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMycoplasma pneumoniae, a common pathogen causing community‐acquired pneumonia, is also known to cause meningoencephalitis in pediatric patients. We report herein a pediatric patient with meningoencephalitis and macrolide‐resistant M. pneumoniae infection. We emphasize that macrolide‐resistant M. pneumoniae must be taken into consideration in patients with encephalitis, along with consideration for using minocycline even in pediatric patients.
Castleman disease in a child with short stature
Authors: Hanada Takuya , Okuno Keisuke , Okada Shin‐ichi , Fujimoto Masanobu , Kuranobu Hiroki , Hashida Yuichiro , Ueyama Jun‐ichi , Murakami Jun , Hayashi Atsushi , Hanaki Keiichi , Kanzaki Susumu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report a 14‐year‐old boy with Castleman disease in this article. He complained of short stature, and his body height was 133.8 cm (<3rd percentile; z score −4.5). There was marked delay in the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics. He was found to have a remittent fever and a lower mid‐abdominal tumor. Blood test revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia, thrombocytosis, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The serum IL‐6 and C‐reactive protein levels were increased. The mass was found to be mixed hyaline vascular and plasma cell type of Castleman disease through a pathological examination. Lymph nodes affected by Castleman disease cause overproduction of IL‐6. It decreases IGF‐1, IGFBP‐3 and serum testosterone levels. As a result of tumorectomy, his short stature and delay in the development of secondary sexual characteristics were improved.
Refeeding syndrome in a small‐for‐dates micro‐preemie receiving early parenteral nutrition
Authors: Mizumoto Hiroshi , Mikami Masamitsu , Oda Hirotsugu , Hata Daisuke 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis report describes a small‐for‐date extremely low birth weight infant who manifested bradycardic events, respiratory failure, and hemolytic jaundice during her first week of life. These complications were attributed to severe hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia. Inadequate supply and refeeding syndrome triggered by early aggressive parenteral nutrition were responsible for electrolyte abnormalities.
Neonatal iliopsoas abscess
Authors: Horiuchi Atsushi , Kameoka Kazuhiro , Kuwabara Jun , Watanabe Yuji , Kawakami Sanae , Tauchi Hisamichi , Ishii Eiichi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIliopsoas abscess (IPA) is rare in children, particularly in neonates. A male neonate was born at 38 weeks of gestation with a weight of 2915 g. On day 22 after birth, his family noticed that his right thigh was swollen. Abdominal computed tomography showed a mass extending to the right iliopsoas from the right thigh with thick septa. Puncture to the right groin yielded purulent fluid, and so a diagnosis of abscess was made. The puncture was followed by surgical drainage through a small inguinal incision, and the abscess cavity was irrigated thoroughly using normal saline. Culture of abscess fluid was positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae, so intravenous ABPC infusion was continued. The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging indicate that the IPA was derived from arthritis of the hip, and the patients received Riemenbügel for the incomplete hip dislocation. He is doing well at 2 years of age.
Respiratory syncytial virus‐associated encephalopathy complicated by congenital myopathy
Authors: Nakamura Kazuyuki , Kato Mitsuhiro , Sasaki Ayako , Shiihara Takashi , Hayasaka Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA 23‐month‐old Japanese girl with a severe form of congenital fiber type disproportion myopathy under mechanical ventilation suffered from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, complicated with acute encephalopathy. She showed consciousness disturbance and convulsions followed by severe brain damage, a rare complication in RSV infection. Patients with severe neuromuscular diseases are vulnerable to RSV infection. Prophylactic interventions should be recommended.
Identification of the narrow lumen of the ureter using a Fogarty catheter during laparoscopic pyeloplasty
Authors: Tsuji Yoshikazu , Kinukawa Tsuneo , Suzuki Akitaka , Ishida Shohei , Fujita Takashi , Komatsu Tomonori , Kimura Toru , Tanaka Kuniaki , Hattori Ryohei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIt is difficult to identify the narrow sites of the ureter from the outside while carrying out laparoscopic pyeloplasty in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. We developed and named a new method, the Fogarty test, to identify the narrow sites of the ureter using a Fogarty catheter. A 4‐ to 5‐Fr Fogarty catheter was inserted through an incision in the pelvis to the proximal ureter, inflated with air and withdrawn gently to determine resistance. The narrow lumen of the ureter was identified under direct vision and spatulated by laparoscopic scissors. This procedure was carried out repeatedly until the ureter was fully spatulated. By using the Fogarty test, we can visualize the narrow position and length of the ureter under direct vision, and confirm whether it is fully spatulated or not. This technique is very simple and easy to carry out. We believe it is useful for sufficient spatulation of intrinsic ureteral stricture, especially in patients where multiple narrow sites exist.
Oncological and functional outcomes after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: A comprehensive analysis of prognostic factors
Authors: Sejima Takehiro , Iwamoto Hideto , Masago Toshihiko , Morizane Shuichi , Hinata Nobuyuki , Yao Akihisa , Isoyama Tadahiro , Saito Motoaki , Takenaka Atsushi 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesTo investigate mortality rates and to comprehensively analyze prognostic indicators after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.MethodsData were collected from 147 patients who underwent potentially curative radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. The following data were analyzed: tumor pathology, patient demographics and clinical parameters, such as pre‐ and postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, as well as the cause of death. Cause‐specific survival rates were calculated including deaths caused by renal cell carcinoma and cardiovascular disease. A Cox proportional hazard model was used for statistical analysis.ResultsA univariate analysis showed that age at surgery (≥70 years), postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2), pathological high T stage, grade and venous invasion were significant poor prognostic indicators. The multivariate analysis provided evidence that pathological venous invasion was a significant poor prognostic indicator, whereas age at surgery (≥70 years), pre‐ (<65 mL/min/1.73 m2) or postoperative (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2) estimated glomerular filtration rate and pathological high grade were significant poor prognostic indicators in T1 tumor cases.ConclusionsPost‐radical nephrectomy renal function insufficiency can lead to a poor prognostic outcome, especially in patients with T1 renal cell carcinoma. Physicians should consider a comprehensive follow up focusing on possible causes of death, including those related to both renal cell carcinoma and cardiovascular disease events after radical nephrectomy.
Management algorithms for primary angle closure disease
Authors: Thomas Ravi , Walland Mark J 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn contrast to primary open angle glaucoma, preventive interventions in primary angle closure disease (PACD) can sometimes be definitive. Data from randomized, controlled trials – and where this is not available – principles grounded in known biology, biological plausibility, logic, preferred practice and personal experience have been synthesized to develop explicit clinical algorithms for management of the spectrum of PACD. The mainstay of first‐line intervention is usually a laser iridotomy: a commonly necessary but sometimes insufficient manoeuvre in PACD. The crucial stepwise considerations after iridotomy are: whether the angle is open or closed; whether the IOP can be medically controlled; the extent of PAS, and the presence of visually significant cataract. Indication for subsequent interventions – which may include iridoplasty, cataract surgery, trabeculectomy or phacotrabeulectomy – are herein based on an arbitrary threshold (180 degrees) for angle opening and extent of PAS following initial treatment.