bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tumourigenicity of iPS cells and their differentiated derivates
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Tang Yu , Lü Shuanghong , Zhou Jin , Du Zhiyan , Duan Cuimi , Li Zhiyan , Wang Changyong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) provides a promising seeding cell for regenerative medicine. However, iPSC has the potential to form teratomas after transplantation. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the tumorigenic risks of iPSC and all its differentiated derivates prior to use in a clinical setting. Here, murine iPSCs were transduced with dual reporter gene consisting of monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP) and firefly luciferase (Fluc). Undifferentiated iPSCs, iPSC derivates from induced differentiation (iPSC‐derivates), iPSC‐derivated cardiomyocyte (iPSC‐CMs) were subcutaneously injected into the back of nude mice. Non‐invasive bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was longitudinally performed at day 1, 7, 14 and 28 after transplantation to track the survival and proliferation of transplanted cells. At day 28, mice were killed and grafts were explanted to detect teratoma formation. The results demonstrated that transplanted iPSCs, iPSC‐derivates and iPSC‐CMs survived in receipts. Both iPSCs and iPSC‐derivates proliferated dramatically after transplantation, while only slight increase in BLI signals was observed in iPSC‐CM transplanted mice. At day 28, teratomas were detected in both iPSCs and iPSC‐derivates transplanted mice, but not in iPSC‐CM transplanted ones. In vitro study showed the long‐term existence of pluripotent cells during iPSC differentiation. Furthermore, when these cells were passaged in feeder layers as undifferentiated iPSCs, they would recover iPSC‐like colonies, indicating the cause for differentiated iPSC's tumourigenicity. Our study indicates that exclusion of tumorigenic cells by screening in addition to lineage‐specific differentiation is necessary prior to therapeutic use of iPSCs.
Serum adiponectin levels predict the risk of coronary heart disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Obata Yoshinari , Yamada Yuya , Kyo Mitsuaki , Takahi Yasumitsu , Saisho Kenji , Tamba Sachiko , Yamamoto Koji , Katsuragi Kiyonori , Matsuzawa Yuji 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionAn inverse association between adiponectin and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been found in Caucasians, but it is uncertain whether this association can be extrapolated to the East Asian population. The present study aimed to investigate whether serum adiponectin levels can predict CHD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes as observed in Caucasians.Materials and MethodsThis longitudinal study included 504 patients with type 2 diabetes (342 men and 162 women) who were admitted to Sumitomo Hospital between July 2005 and December 2006. We used Cox proportional hazard analysis to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of CHD associated with serum adiponectin levels at baseline.ResultsDuring a median follow up of 5.7 years (2177 person‐years), 40 participants had new CHD and 10 had recurrent CHD. After multivariate adjustment, the highest compared with the lowest quartile of serum adiponectin levels had a significantly reduced risk of CHD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13–0.94; P = 0.017). The multivariate adjusted HR for the risk of CHD according to a doubling of adiponectin at baseline was 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.97; P = 0.037).ConclusionsHigh serum adiponectin levels are significantly associated with a lower risk of CHD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. This association is independent of other well‐known CHD risk factors.
Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Physical Health, and Lifestyle in Older Adults
Authors: Semeijn Evert J. , Sandra Kooij J.J. , Comijs Hannie C. , Michielsen Marieke , Deeg Dorly J.H. , Beekman Aartjan T.F. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesTo increase insight into the effect of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on health in general in older adults.DesignTwo‐phase sampling side‐study.SettingLongitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA).ParticipantsTwo hundred twenty‐three randomly selected LASA respondents.MeasurementsInformation was collected during home visits on physical health, medication use, and lifestyle characteristics in Phase 1 and on ADHD diagnosis in Phase 2. The associations between independant variables and ADHD were examined with linear and logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe adjusted regression estimates of the linear regression analysis showed that the number of ADHD symptoms was positively associated with the presence of chronic nonspecific lung diseases (CNSLD) (B = 2.58, P = .02), cardiovascular diseases (B = 2.18, P = .02), and number of chronic diseases (B = 0.69, P = .04) and negatively associated with self‐perceived health (B = −2.83, P = .002). Lifestyle is not a mediator of the association between ADHD and physical health.ConclusionAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults was associated with chronic physical illness and poorer self‐perceived health. Contrary to expectations, there were no associations between symptoms of ADHD and lifestyle variables.
Frailty as a Novel Predictor of Mortality and Hospitalization in Individuals of All Ages Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: McAdams‐DeMarco Mara A. , Law Andrew , Salter Megan L. , Boyarsky Brian , Gimenez Luis , Jaar Bernard G. , Walston Jeremy D. , Segev Dorry L. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesTo quantify the prevalence of frailty in adults of all ages undergoing chronic hemodialysis, its relationship to comorbidity and disability, and its association with adverse outcomes of mortality and hospitalization.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSingle hemodialysis center in Baltimore, Maryland.ParticipantsOne hundred forty‐six individuals undergoing hemodialysis enrolled between January 2009 and March 2010 and followed through August 2012.MeasurementsFrailty, comorbidity, and disability on enrollment in the study and subsequent mortality and hospitalizations.ResultsAt enrollment, 50.0% of older (≥65) and 35.4% of younger (<65) individuals undergoing hemodialysis were frail; 35.9% and 29.3%, respectively, were intermediately frail. Three‐year mortality was 16.2% for nonfrail, 34.4% for intermediately frail, and 40.2% for frail participants. Intermediate frailty and frailty were associated with a 2.7 times (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–7.07, P = .046) and 2.6 times (95% CI = 1.04–6.49, P = .04) greater risk of death independent of age, sex, comorbidity, and disability. In the year after enrollment, median number of hospitalizations was 1 (interquartile range 0–3). The proportion with two or more hospitalizations was 28.2% for nonfrail, 25.5% for intermediately frail, and 42.6% for frail participants. Although intermediate frailty was not associated with number of hospitalizations (relative risk = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.49–1.16, P = .21), frailty was associated with 1.4 times (95% CI = 1.00–2.03, P = .049) more hospitalizations independent of age, sex, comorbidity, and disability. The association between frailty and mortality (interaction P = .64) and hospitalizations (P = .14) did not differ between older and younger participants.ConclusionsAdults of all ages undergoing hemodialysis have a high prevalence of frailty, more than five times as high as community‐dwelling older adults. In this population, regardless of age, frailty is a strong, independent predictor of mortality and number of hospitalizations.
Implementation of a Care Transitions Model for Low‐Income Older Adults: A High‐Risk, Vulnerable Population
Authors: Ohuabunwa Ugochi , Jordan Queenie , Shah Seema , Fost Michael , Flacker Jonathan 
Published: May 2013

Low‐income older adults are particularly vulnerable during care transitions. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a transitional care model in this population. A quasi‐experimental design was used to compare outcomes in the intervention group with historical controls at 30, 90, 180, and 365 days after discharge, along with a pre–postintervention evaluation of the intervention group. Eligible individuals were age 60 and older hospitalized between June 2008 and January 2009. Main outcome measures were readmissions, emergency department (ED) visits, and primary care services use.Of 121 participants, 55% were female and 90% African American, with a mean age of 69. Readmission rates were generally but not significantly lower in the intervention group than in controls (Day 30, 9.6% vs 17.3%; Day 90, 28.9% vs 25.0%; Day 180, 32.7% vs 36.5%; Day 365, 44.2% vs 53.9%; P > .05), as were ED visit rates (Day 30, 17.3% vs 15.4%; Day 90, 32.7% vs 34.6%; Day 180, 38.5% vs 40.4%; Day 365, 50.0% vs 55.8%; P > .05). Primary care service utilization rates were significantly higher in the intervention group than in controls at Day 30 (40.4% vs 19.2%, P < .001), 90 (74.9% vs 32.7%, P < .001), and 180 (65.4% vs 32.7%, P < .001). The lack of statistically significant reduction in readmissions and ED visits with the intervention, may suggest the need for additional assistance during care transitions for this vulnerable population.
Utility of an Effect Size Analysis for Communicating Treatment Effectiveness: A Case Study of Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Peters Kevin R. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesTo highlight the utility of using an effect size analysis to communicate the effectiveness of treatment interventions.DesignSecondary analysis.SettingPreviously published systematic review on cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) in Alzheimer's disease.ParticipantsIndividuals with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.InterventionSix‐month randomized controlled trials involving a placebo group and a ChEI group (donepezil, galantamine, or rivastigmine).MeasurementsCognitive function was assessed according to performance on the cognition subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS‐Cog). Global Function was quantified using the Clinician's Interview‐Based Impression of Change—Plus (CIBIC‐Plus). Harm was defined as withdrawal from a trial because of an adverse event. Several effect size indices were computed based on these domains: the success rate difference (SRD), the harm rate difference (HRD), the number needed to treat (NNT) or harm (NNH), and the area under the curve (AUC). Harm:benefit ratios were also computed to compare effect size indices across domains of function.ResultsIn terms of benefit, the NNT for cognition ranged from 4 to 14 (corresponding AUC values: 0.64–0.54), and the NNT for global function ranged from 6 to 100 (corresponding AUC 0.59–0.51). In terms of harm, the NNH ranged from 6 to 20 (corresponding AUC 0.58–0.53). Only one of the four studies had favorable harm:benefit ratios in both the cognition and global function domains.ConclusionEffect size indices should be reported in clinical trials because they provide important insight into the clinical meaningfulness of results. Additional benefit is gained by comparing effect size indices across domains of function to reveal harm:benefit ratios.
Teaching Medical Student Geriatrics Competencies in 1 Week: An Efficient Model to Teach and Document Selected Competencies Using Clinical and Community Resources
Authors: Atkinson Hal H. , Lambros Ann , Davis Brooke R. , Lawlor Janice S. , Lovato James , Sink Kaycee M. , Demons Jamehl L. , Lyles Mary F. , Watkins Franklin S. , Callahan Kathryn E. , Williamson Jeff D. 
Published: May 2013

The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and the John A. Hartford Foundation published geriatrics competencies for medical students in 2008 defining specific knowledge and skills that medical students should be able to demonstrate before graduation. Medical schools, often with limited geriatrics faculty resources, face challenges in teaching and assessing these competencies. As an initial step to facilitate more‐efficient implementation of the competencies, a 1‐week geriatrics rotation was developed for the third year using clinical, community, and self‐directed learning resources. The Wake Forest University School of Medicine Acute Care for the Elderly Unit serves as home base, and each student selects a half‐day outpatient or long‐term care experience. Students also perform a home‐based falls‐risk assessment with a Meals‐on‐Wheels client. The objectives for the rotation include 20 of the 26 individual AAMC competencies and specific measurable tracking tasks for seven individual competencies. In the evaluation phase, 118 students completed the rotation. Feedback was positive, with an average rating of 7.1 (1 = worst, 10 = best). Students completed a 23‐item pre‐ and post‐knowledge test, and average percentage correct improved by 15% (P < .001); this improvement persisted at graduation (2 years after the pretest). On a 12‐item survey of attitudes toward older adults, improvement was observed immediately after the rotation that did not persist at graduation. Ninety‐seven percent of students documented completion of the competency‐based tasks. This article provides details of development, structure, evaluation, and lessons learned that will be useful for other institutions considering a brief, concentrated geriatrics experience in the third year of medical school.
Quality of Hospice Care for Individuals with Dementia
Authors: Albrecht Jennifer S. , Gruber‐Baldini Ann L. , Fromme Erik K. , McGregor Jessina C. , Lee David S. H. , Furuno Jon P. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundPatients with dementia constitute an increasing proportion of hospice enrollees, yet little is known about the quality of hospice care for this population. The aim of this study was to quantify differences in quality of care measures between hospice patients with and without dementia.DesignCross‐sectional analysis of data.Setting2007 National Home and Hospice Care Survey.ParticipantsFour thousand seven hundred eleven discharges from hospice care.MeasurementsA primary diagnosis of dementia at discharge was defined according to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes (290.0–290.4x, 294.0, 294.1, 294.8, 331.0–331.2, 331.7, and 331.8). Quality‐of‐care measures included enrollment in hospice in the last 3 days of life, receiving tube feeding, depression, receiving antibiotics, lack of advanced directive or do not resuscitate order, Stage II or greater pressure ulcers, emergency care, lack of continuity of residence, and a report of pain at last assessment.ResultsFour hundred fifty (9.5%) individuals were discharged with a primary diagnosis of dementia. In multivariable analysis, individuals with dementia were more likely to receive tube feeding (odds ratio (OR) = 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4–4.5) and to have greater continuity of residence (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1–3.0) than other individuals in hospice and less likely to have a report of pain at last assessment (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3–0.9).ConclusionsThe majority of quality‐of‐care measures examined did not differ between individuals in hospice with and without dementia. Use of tube feeding in hospice care and methods of pain assessment and treatment in individuals with dementia should be considered as potential quality‐of‐care measures.
A window into the Early to mid‐Cretaceous infrastructure of the Yukon‐Tanana terrane recorded in multi‐stage garnet of west‐central Yukon, Canada
Authors: Staples R. D. , Gibson H. D. , Berman R. G. , Ryan J. J. , Colpron M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAmphibolite facies metasedimentary schists within the Yukon‐Tanana terrane in the northern Canadian Cordillera reveal a two‐stage, polymetamorphic garnet growth history. In situ U‐Th‐Pb Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe dating of monazite provide timing constraints for the late stages of garnet growth, deformation and subsequent decompression. Distinct textural and chemical growth zoning domains, separated by a large chemical discontinuity, reveal two stages of garnet growth characterized in part by: (i) a syn‐kinematic, inclusion‐rich stage‐1 garnet core; and (ii) an inclusion‐poor, stage‐2 garnet rim that crystallized with syn‐ to post‐kinematic staurolite and kyanite. Phase equilibria modelling of garnet molar and compositional isopleths suggest stage‐1 garnet growth initiated at ~600 °C, 8 kbar along a clockwise P–T path. Growth of the compositionally distinct, grossular‐rich, pyrope‐poor inner portion of the stage‐2 overgrowth is interpreted to have initiated at higher pressure and/or lower temperature than the stage‐1 core along a separate P–T loop, culminating at peak P–T conditions of ~650–680 °C and 9 kbar. Stage‐2 metamorphism and the waning development of a composite transposition foliation (ST) are dated at c. 118 Ma from monazite aligned parallel to ST, and inclusions in syn‐ to post‐ST staurolite and kyanite. Slightly younger ages (c. 112 Ma) are obtained from Y‐rich monazite that occurs within resorbed areas of both stage‐1 and stage‐2 garnet, together with retrograde staurolite and plagioclase. The younger ages obtained from these texturally and chemically distinct grains are interpreted, with the aid of phase equilibria calculations, to date the growth of monazite from the breakdown of garnet during decompression at c. 112 Ma. Evidence for continued near‐isothermal decompression is provided by the presence of retrograde sillimanite, and cordierite after staurolite, which indicates decompression below ~4–5 kbar prior to cooling below ~550 °C. As most other parts of the Yukon‐Tanana terrane were exhumed to upper crustal levels in the Early Jurassic, these data suggest this domain represents a tectonic window revealing a much younger, high‐grade tectono‐metamorphic core (infrastructure) within the northern Cordilleran orogen. This window may be akin to extensional core complexes identified in east‐central Alaska and in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera.
Cellular distribution of AMPA receptor subunits and mGlu5 following acute and repeated administration of morphine or methamphetamine
Authors: Herrold Amy A. , Persons Amanda L. , Napier T. Celeste 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIonotropic AMPA receptors (AMPAR) and metabotropic glutamate group I subtype 5 receptors (mGlu5) mediate neuronal and behavioral effects of abused drugs. mGlu5 stimulation increases expression of striatal‐enriched tyrosine phosphatase isoform 61 (STEP61) which internalizes AMPARs. We determined the rat brain profile of these proteins using two different classes of abused drugs, opiates, and stimulants. STEP61 levels, and cellular distribution/expression of AMPAR subunits (GluA1, GluA2) and mGlu5, were evaluated via a protein cross‐linking assay in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and ventral pallidum (VP) harvested 1 day after acute, or fourteen days after repeated morphine (8 mg/kg) or methamphetamine (1 mg/kg) (treatments producing behavioral sensitization). Acute morphine decreased GluA1 and GluA2 surface expression in mPFC and GluA1 in NAc. Fourteen days after repeated morphine or methamphetamine, mGlu5 surface expression increased in VP. In mPFC, mGlu5 were unaltered; however, after methamphetamine, STEP61 levels decreased and GluA2 surface expression increased. Pre‐treatment with a mGlu5‐selective negative allosteric modulator, blocked methamphetamine‐induced behavioral sensitization and changes in mPFC GluA2 and STEP61. These data reveal (i) region‐specific distinctions in glutamate receptor trafficking between acute and repeated treatments of morphine and methamphetamine, and (ii) that mGlu5 is necessary for methamphetamine‐induced alterations in mPFC GluA2 and STEP61.
Optimal CEO Compensation with Search: Theory and Empirical Evidence
Authors: CAO MELANIE , WANG RONG 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe integrate an agency problem into search theory to study executive compensation in a market equilibrium. A CEO can choose to stay or quit and search after privately observing an idiosyncratic shock to the firm. The market equilibrium endogenizes CEOs’ and firms’ outside options and captures contracting externalities. We show that the optimal pay‐to‐performance ratio is less than one even when the CEO is risk neutral. Moreover, the equilibrium pay‐to‐performance sensitivity depends positively on a firm's idiosyncratic risk and negatively on the systematic risk. Our empirical tests using executive compensation data confirm these results.
A cross‐sectional study of the relationship between serum sexual hormone levels and internal derangement of temporomandibular joint
Authors: Madani A. S. , Shamsian A. A. , Hedayati‐Moghaddam M. R. , Fathi‐Moghadam F. , Sabooni M. R. , Mirmortazavi A. , Golmohamadi M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are defined as clinical conditions that involve the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) or both. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum 17β‐oestradiol and progesterone levels in menstruating women affected by internal derangement of the TMJ. A total of 142 women (mean age 30·2 ± 6·7) who referred to medical diagnostic laboratory of Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, were enrolled during 2007 and 2008. Forty‐seven individuals had disc displacement with reduction (Group IIa) according to Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC)/TMD Axis I diagnosis. Radioimmunoassay was used for the detection of serum 17β‐oestradiol and progesterone levels in all 142 subjects. The mean progesterone level was significantly higher in control group (11·6 ± 10·4 ng mL−1) compared to women with TMD (8·4 ± 6·8 ng mL−1, P = 0·03). No significant difference was found in two groups regarding 17β‐oestradiol level. Lower progesterone level in women with TMD can suggest the more important role of this hormone in the development of the disorder.
THE DEATH OF DISTANCE REVISITED: CYBER‐PLACE, PHYSICAL AND RELATIONAL PROXIMITIES
Authors: Tranos Emmanouil , Nijkamp Peter 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the impact of physical distance and different relational proximity types on the formation of the Internet infrastructure. Although there is some anecdotal evidence on the “end of geography” effect of the Internet, the relationship between physical space and the Internet has not been yet scrutinized. Our paper builds upon recent studies in economic geography and relational proximities, and aims to study whether physical distance survives in virtual geography even after controlling for relational proximities. In order to do so, a unique and extensive database with geo‐coded IP links and spatial interaction models with panel data specifications in combination with network analysis are utilized. Our results indicate that physical distance, but also different relational proximities, have a significant impact on the structure of the Internet infrastructure, highlighting the spatiality of the Internet.