bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Ancient Greek Have a Word for ‘No’? The Evidence from ο&upsi;&kappa;ο&upsi;&nu;...ο&upsi; Questions
Authors: Rijksbaron Albert 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAmong the uses of ο&upsi;&kappa;ο&upsi;&nu; (oukoun) Denniston (1954: 235) mentions 'ο&upsi;&kappa;ο&upsi;&nu; ο&upsi;, ο&upsi;&kappa;ο&upsi;&nu; ... ο&upsi;, expecting a negative answer.' This paper argues that Denniston's view, which is shared by most (all?) other grammars and dictionaries of Ancient Greek (e.g.K&uuml;hner-Gerth 2, 164: 'Wenn nach ο&upsi;&kappa;ο&upsi;&nu; eine verneinende Antwort erwartet wird, so wird demselben die Negation ο&upsi; nachgesetzt', Smyth &sect; 2651 a: 'ο&upsi;&kappa;ο&upsi;&nu; ο&upsi; expects the answer no', Liddell-Scott-Jones s.v. ο&upsi;&kappa;ο&upsi;&nu;) should be rejected. Actually, the answer is never no. As always, ο&upsi;&kappa;ο&upsi;&nu; expects an a irmative answer, in this case to a negated question: 'Is it not true, then, that not X?' = 'Surely, then, not X?' To be sure, ο&upsi; does occur as an answer, but this can be shown to be a proposition (or sentence) negative (= not), rather than an answering particle like no. The situation in Greek is compared with negatives in several other languages, notably Latin and Old French. Finally, Modern Greek is briefly discussed, which, unlike Ancient Greek, does have a negative answering particle, viz. οχι, alongside a proposition negative, viz. δ&epsi;(&nu;).
Tense in Ancient Greek Reports
Authors: Bary Corien 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper shows that tenses in Ancient Greek reports have both an anaphoric and a shifted-indexical component. It develops a new account of Ancient Greek tenses that deals with this combination of features. Following Klein's (1994) semantics of tense, I claim that tense indicates the relation between an anaphoric topic time and the moment of utterance, the now. As for Ancient Greek indirect discourse, I argue that the anaphoric component works exactly the same as in non-embedded discourse (contra von Stechow 1995). The indexical component, however, is di ferent in that the now is not provided by the actual context of utterance, but by the reported context. The DRT account developed models this combination of features, taking also into account the role of aspect.
The Analysis and Prediction of Microphysical States and Polarimetric Radar Variables in a Mesoscale Convective System Using Double-Moment Microphysics, Multinetwork Radar Data, and the Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Putnam Bryan J. , Xue Ming , Jung Youngsun , Snook Nathan , Zhang Guifu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDoppler radar data are assimilated with an ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) in combination with a double-moment (DM) microphysics scheme in order to improve the analysis and forecast of microphysical states and precipitation structures within a mesoscale convective system (MCS) that passed over western Oklahoma on 8–9 May 2007. Reflectivity and radial velocity data from five operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) S-band radars as well as four experimental Collaborative and Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) X-band radars are assimilated over a 1-h period using either single-moment (SM) or DM microphysics schemes within the forecast ensemble. Three-hour deterministic forecasts are initialized from the final ensemble mean analyses using a SM or DM scheme, respectively. Polarimetric radar variables are simulated from the analyses and compared with polarimetric WSR-88D observations for verification. EnKF assimilation of radar data using a multimoment microphysics scheme for an MCS case has not previously been documented in the literature. The use of DM microphysics during data assimilation improves simulated polarimetric variables through differentiation of particle size distributions (PSDs) within the stratiform and convective regions. The DM forecast initiated from the DM analysis shows significant qualitative improvement over the assimilation and forecast using SM microphysics in terms of the location and structure of the MCS precipitation. Quantitative precipitation forecasting skills are also improved in the DM forecast. Better handling of the PSDs by the DM scheme is believed to be responsible for the improved prediction of the surface cold pool, a stronger leading convective line, and improved areal extent of stratiform precipitation.
Numerical Prediction of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City Tornadic Supercell and Embedded Tornado Using ARPS with the Assimilation of WSR-88D Data
Authors: Xue Ming , Hu Ming , Schenkman Alexander D. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, tornadic supercell is predicted with the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model using four nested grids with 9-km, 1-km, 100-m, and 50-m grid spacings. The Oklahoma City Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radial velocity and reflectivity data are assimilated through the ARPS three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) and cloud analysis on the 1-km grid to generate a set of initial conditions that includes a well-analyzed supercell and associated low-level mesocyclone. Additional 1-km experiments show that the use of radial velocity and the proper use of a divergence constraint in the 3DVAR play an important role in the establishment of the low-level mesocyclone during the assimilation and forecast. Assimilating reflectivity data alone failed to predict the mesocyclone intensification. The 100-m grid starts from the interpolated 1-km control initial conditions, while the further nested 50-m grid starts from the 20-min forecast on the 100-m grid. The forecasts on both grids cover the entire period of the observed tornado outbreak and successfully capture the development of tornadic vortices. The intensity of a tornado on the 50-m grid reaches the high end of category 3 on the Fujita scale (F3), while the corresponding simulated tornado on the 100-m grid reaches F2 intensity. The timing of the tornadogenesis on both grids agrees with the observations very well, although the predicted tornado was slightly weaker and somewhat shorter lived. The predicted tornado track parallels the observed damage track although it is displaced northward by about 8 km. The predicted tornado vortices have realistic structures similar to those documented in previous theoretical, idealized modeling and some observational studies. The prediction of an observed tornado in a supercell with a similar degree of realism has not been achieved before.
Automated Audiometry Using Apple iOS‐Based Application Technology
Authors: Foulad Allen , Bui Peggy , Djalilian Hamid 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of an Apple iOS‐based automated hearing testing application and to compare its accuracy with conventional audiometry.Study DesignProspective diagnostic study.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsAn iOS‐based software application was developed to perform automated pure‐tone hearing testing on the iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad. To assess for device variations and compatibility, preliminary work was performed to compare the standardized sound output (dB) of various Apple device and headset combinations. Forty‐two subjects underwent automated iOS‐based hearing testing in a sound booth, automated iOS‐based hearing testing in a quiet room, and conventional manual audiometry.ResultsThe maximum difference in sound intensity between various Apple device and headset combinations was 4 dB. On average, 96% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91%‐100%) of the threshold values obtained using the automated test in a sound booth were within 10 dB of the corresponding threshold values obtained using conventional audiometry. When the automated test was performed in a quiet room, 94% (95% CI, 87%‐100%) of the threshold values were within 10 dB of the threshold values obtained using conventional audiometry. Under standardized testing conditions, 90% of the subjects preferred iOS‐based audiometry as opposed to conventional audiometry.ConclusionApple iOS‐based devices provide a platform for automated air conduction audiometry without requiring extra equipment and yield hearing test results that approach those of conventional audiometry.
Pseudomorphic transformation of Ca/Mg carbonates into phosphates with focus on dolomite conversion
Authors: Schultheiss S. , Sethmann I. , Schlosser M. , Kleebe H.-J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHydrothermal conversion of single crystals of calcite, CaCO3, dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2, and magnesite, MgCO3, was carried out in ammonium phosphate buffer solution. While calcite easily forms a pseudomorph of hydroxylapatite, Ca5(PO4)3OH, it takes several weeks to convert magnesite into pseudomorphic dittmarite, (NH4)Mg(PO4)·H2O. The conversion of dolomite, as the compositional intermediate, also proceeded slowly, but yielded a biphasic pseudomorph composed of whitlockite, Ca9Mg(PO4)6O(PO3OH), and dittmarite. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a biphasic pseudomorph with chemically and structurally different phases. Near the surface, the two phases formed a porous layered structure, while towards the core of the single crystal a fine-grained mixture of both minerals precipitated. The initially sequential pattern of precipitation of Ca-rich whitlockite followed by Mg-rich dittmarite can be explained by dissolved Mg ions being adsorbed onto the dolomite surface or incorporated into hydrated magnesium complexes, retarding crystallization of dittmarite. Surface adsorbed Mg ions impeding further dissolution of dolomite also partly accounts for the observed lower reaction rates of dolomite and magnesite, as compared to calcite. An additional factor decreasing the reaction rates of dolomite and magnesite is a considerable increase in molar volume upon conversion, which restricts the formation of porosity and, hence, ion transport to the reaction front.
Mineralogy of atmospheric dust impacting the Rio Tinto mining area (Spain) during episodes of high metal deposition
Authors: Fernández-Caliani J. C. , de la Rosa J. D. , Sánchez de la Campa A. M. , González-Castanedo Y. , Castillo S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study is the first to investigate the mineral composition of the atmospheric particulate matter deposited at Rio Tinto, Spain, an historical mining district of world-class importance, with emphasis on metal-bearing particles and their environmental implications. The dustfall is
composed of quartz, feldspars, phyllosilicates (mica, chlorite and/or kaolinite) and a variety of accessory heavy minerals, the most common being primary sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite with minor galena, sphalerite and bornite) and their oxidation products (notably goethite, hematite and jarosite).
This mineral assemblage suggests a local source of wind-blown dust and it is consistent with the large deposition levels of sulfide-related elements (As, Bi, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn) registered at the sampling site adjacent to the mine waste dumps. However, the generation of potentially harmful
dust particles is not restricted to mine wastes. Anthropogenic metallic compounds arising from a nearby hazardous waste disposal centre can make a relevant additional contribution to the metal deposition, particularly for Fe, Ni, Cr and Mn. Atmospheric fallout is a major mechanism for metal
input to soils and plants around or near the mining area.
Fixed point and coupled fixed point theorems on b-metric-like spaces
Authors: Alghamdi Mohammed Ali , Hussain Nawab , Salimi Peyman 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We first introduce the concept of b-metric-like space which generalizes the notions of partial metric space, metric-like space and b-metric space. Then we establish the existence and uniqueness of fixed points in a b-metric-like space as well as in a partially ordered b-metric-like space. As an application, we derive some new fixed point and coupled fixed point results in partial metric spaces, metric-like spaces and b-metric spaces. Moreover, some examples and an application to integral equations are provided to illustrate the usability of the obtained results.

MSC:47H10, 54H25, 55M20.
An audit of sample sizes for pilot and feasibility trials being undertaken in the United Kingdom registered in the United Kingdom Clinical Research Network database
Authors: Billingham Sophie AM , Whitehead Amy L , Julious Steven A 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
There is little published guidance as to the sample size required for a pilot or feasibility trial despite the fact that a sample size justification is a key element in the design of a trial. A sample size justification should give the minimum number of participants needed in order to meet the objectives of the trial. This paper seeks to describe the target sample sizes set for pilot and feasibility randomised controlled trials, currently running within the United Kingdom.

Methods
Data were gathered from the United Kingdom Clinical Research Network (UKCRN) database using the search terms ‘pilot’ and ‘feasibility’. From this search 513 studies were assessed for eligibility of which 79 met the inclusion criteria. Where the data summary on the UKCRN Database was incomplete, data were also gathered from: the International Standardised Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) register; the clinicaltrials.gov website and the website of the funders. For 62 of the trials, it was necessary to contact members of the research team by email to ensure completeness.

Results
Of the 79 trials analysed, 50 (63.3%) were labelled as pilot trials, 25 (31.6%) feasibility and 14 were described as both pilot and feasibility trials. The majority had two arms (n = 68, 86.1%) and the two most common endpoints were continuous (n = 45, 57.0%) and dichotomous (n = 31, 39.2%). Pilot trials were found to have a smaller sample size per arm (median = 30, range = 8 to 114 participants) than feasibility trials (median = 36, range = 10 to 300 participants). By type of endpoint, across feasibility and pilot trials, the median sample size per arm was 36 (range = 10 to 300 participants) for trials with a dichotomous endpoint and 30 (range = 8 to 114 participants) for trials with a continuous endpoint. Publicly funded pilot trials appear to be larger than industry funded pilot trials: median sample sizes of 33 (range = 15 to 114 participants) and 25 (range = 8 to 100 participants) respectively.

Conclusion
All studies should have a sample size justification. Not all studies however need to have a sample size calculation. For pilot and feasibility trials, while a sample size justification is important, a formal sample size calculation may not be appropriate. The results in this paper describe the observed sample sizes in feasibility and pilot randomised controlled trials on the UKCRN Database.
The prevalence of depression and anxiety among Chinese adults with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yi-Long , Liu Li , Wang Yang , Wu Hui , Yang Xiao-Shi , Wang Jia-Na , Wang Lie 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
A lot of empirical studies have been conducted to evaluate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Chinese adults with cancer. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis in order to evaluate the prevalence and odds ratios of depression and anxiety in Chinese adults with cancer compared with those without.

Methods
The three most comprehensive computerized Chinese academic databases-CNKI, Wangfang and Vip databases-were systematically screened through September 2012. PubMed and Web of Science (SCIE) were also searched from their inception until September 2012 without language restrictions, and an internet search was also used. Case–control studies assessing the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Chinese adults with cancer were analyzed. Study selection and appraisal were conducted independently by three authors. The non-weighted prevalence, pooled random-effects estimates of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were all calculated.

Results
Seventeen eligible studies with a total of 3497 subjects were included. The prevalence of depression and anxiety were significantly higher in adults with cancer compared with those without (Depression: 54.90% vs. 17.50%, OR = 7.85, 95% CI = 5.56-11.07, P = 0.000; Anxiety: 49.69% vs. 18.37%, OR = 6.46, 95% CI = 4.36-9.55, P = 0.000), the same situation was also observed in subgroup of control groups, assessment methods and cancer types. Although no difference of depression was observed in studies utilizing clinical diagnosis compared with self-report, the OR of anxiety in adults with cancer compared with those without was higher in studies utilizing clinical diagnosis (OR = 8.42, 95% CI = 4.83-14.70) than self-reports (OR = 5.83, 95% CI = 3.64-9.34). The ORs of depression and anxiety in cancer patients compared with disease group (Depression: OR = 6.03, 95% CI = 4.23-8.61; Anxiety: OR = 4.40, 95% CI = 3.05-6.36) were lower than in those compared with normal group (Depression: OR = 13.58, 95% CI = 6.26-29.46; Anxiety: OR = 15.47, 95% CI = 10.00-23.95).

Conclusions
We identified high prevalence rates of depression and anxiety among Chinese adults with cancer. The findings support that the prevalence of depression and anxiety among adults with cancer should receive more attention in Chinese medical settings.
Association of circulating levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT/Visfatin) and of a frequent polymorphism in the promoter of the NAMPT gene with coronary artery disease in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects
Authors: Saddi-Rosa Pedro , Oliveira Carolina Soares , Crispim Felipe , Giuffrida Fernando MA , de Lima Valter Correia , Vieira José Gilberto , Doria Alessandro , Velho Gilberto , Reis André Fernandes 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the limiting enzyme in one of pathways of synthesis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, a redox coenzyme. NAMPT is considered as an insulin-mimetic factor and a potential regulatory factor in inflammatory and immune processes. Associations of circulating NAMPT levels with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and insulin resistance have been reported. We investigated association of circulating NAMPT levels and the rs9770242 NAMPT gene polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods
We studied 594 Brazilian subjects undergoing a coronary angiography (49% of whom had type 2 diabetes). CAD, defined as stenosis greater than 50% in one major coronary vessel or branch, was observed in 68% of subjects. Genetic studies were also performed in 858 North-American Non-Hispanic White subjects with type 2 diabetes (49% with CAD).

Results
We observed an interaction between glycemic and CAD status on the comparison of NAMPT levels by CAD status. NAMPT levels were higher in type 2 diabetic patients with CAD as compared to those without CAD: 5.27 ± 2.93 ng/ml vs. 4.43 ± 2.94 ng/ml, p = 0.006 (mean ± SD). NAMPT levels were not significantly different in non-diabetic subjects with or without CAD. The T-allele of rs9770242 was associated with CAD in the Brazilian cohort (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.06 - 2.01, p = 0.02) while no association was observed in the North-American cohort.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that circulating NAMPT levels are associated with CAD in type 2 diabetic patients. NAMPT rs9770242 polymorphism may be associated with CAD in some populations.
Nanostructured conformal hybrid solar cells: a promising architecture towards complete charge collection and light absorption
Authors: Iza Diana C , Muñoz-Rojas David , Musselman Kevin P , Weickert Jonas , Jakowetz Andreas C , Sun Haiyan , Ren Xin , Hoye Robert L Z , Lee Joon H , Wang Haiyan , Schmidt-Mende Lukas , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We introduce hybrid solar cells with an architecture consisting of an electrodeposited ZnO nanorod array (NRA) coated with a conformal thin layer (<50 nm) of organic polymer-fullerene blend and a quasi-conformal Ag top contact (Thin/NR). We have compared the performance of Thin/NR cells to conventional hybrid cells in which the same NRAs are completely filled with organic blend (Thick/NR). The Thin/NR design absorbs at least as much light as Thick/NR cells, while charge extraction is significantly enhanced due to the proximity of the electrodes, resulting in a higher current density per unit volume of blend and improved power conversion efficiency. The NRAs need not be periodic or aligned and hence can be made very simply.
Probabilistic G-contractions
Authors: Kamran Tayyab , Samreen Maria , Shahzad Naseer 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In this paper we introduce the notion of probabilistic G-contraction and establish some fixed point theorems in such settings. Our results generalize/extend some recent results of Jachymski and Sehgal and Bharucha-Reid. Consequently, we obtain fixed point results for

(
ϵ
,
δ
)

-chainable PM-spaces and for cyclic operators.

MSC:47H10, 54H25.
Design and synthesis of tetrahydrophthalimide derivatives as inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
Authors: Penta Ashok , Ganguly Swastika , Murugesan Sankaran 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are one of the key components in highly active anti-retroviral therapy because of their high specificity and less toxicity. NNRTIs inhibit reverse transcriptase enzyme by binding to the allosteric site, which is 10Å away from the active site. Rapid emergence of resistance is the major problem with all anti-HIV agents. Hence, there is continuous need to develop novel anti-HIV agents active against both drug sensitive and resistance strains.

Results
All the 16 synthesized 2-(1,3-dioxo-3a,4-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2(3H,7H,7aH)-yl)-N-(substitutedphenyl) acetamide 4(a-p) analogs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Lipinski rule of five parameters and molecular parameters like solubility, drug likeness, and drug score were derived for designed analogs using online servers like Molinspiration and Osiris property explorer. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for their HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor activity by HIV-1 RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity assay at 2 and 20 μM concentrations.

Conclusions
Among the 16 synthesized compounds, 4a, 4b, 4f, 4g, 4k, and 4l showed weak reverse transcriptase inhibitor activity at 20 μM concentration. For the designed compounds, there was no correlation observed between molecular modeling and in vitro studies.