bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tecia solanivora Povolny (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), an invasive pest of potatoes Solanum tuberosum L. in the Northern Andes.
Authors: Carrillo D. , Torrado-Leon E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

T. solanivora (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a key pest of potato tubers that recently invaded some cultivation areas in South America and the Canary Islands, with disastrous effects on the potato industry in these areas. This chapter describes the pest distribution, life history, life cycle, sampling, monitoring, damage to the crop, and control strategies, including chemical, biological, host plant resistance, cultural and regulatory quarantine tactics.
Bactrocera species that pose a threat to Florida: B. carambolae and B. invadens.
Authors: Malavasi A. , Midgarden D. , Meyer M. de 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

This chapter describes the host range, colonization ability, taxonomic status, mating behaviour, oviposition, adult feeding, life stages, geographical distribution, sampling and monitoring techniques, economic importance, and control tactics (including male annihilation and foliage baiting) of two Bactrocera species that pose a threat to Florida (USA): B. carambolae and B. invadens.
Signature chemicals for detection of Citrus infestation by fruit fly larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae).
Authors: Kendra P. E. , Roda A. L. , Montgomery W. S. , Schnell E. Q. , Niogret J. , Epsky N. D. , Heath R. R. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

This chapter presents a study conducted to examine Citrus fruits infested with A. suspensa to determine if the infested fruits emitted a detectable chemical profile distinct from that of non-infested Citrus fruits. Samples of headspace volatiles were collected at various stages of infestation and chemical analysis was performed with several types of GC equipment. Since the primary goal was development of a rapid screening protocol for 'signature chemicals', the majority of analyses were performed with a rapid (9 min) GC separation method. To evaluate the efficacy of separation with this rapid method, and to identify the volatile chemical components, a slower (25 min) high-resolution GC separation was performed in combination with mass spectral analysis. A preliminary evaluation was carried out of a portable ultra-high-speed GC analyser for detection of these same chemicals using a method requiring less than 80 s for sampling and chemical analysis. The results of the study indicate that there are GC-detectable volatile chemicals associated with tephritid infestation of fruit commodities. With infested grapefruits, the chemicals can be distinguished as those indicative of Citrus peel injury and those correlated with larval feeding (pulp/albedo injury). Of the chemicals identified, none appeared to be insect-produced, but rather natural fruit volatiles occurring at higher levels than normal. Elevated levels of δ-limonene and β-ocimene are only indicative of puncture wounds or other external damage to the grapefruit peel. However, if these two chemicals are accompanied by elevated levels of hexyl butanoate and the (as of yet) unidentified compound, this volatile profile is potentially diagnostic of Citrus infestation.
Recent mite invasions in South America.
Authors: Navia D. , Marsaro Júnior A. L. , Gondim Júnior M. G. C. , Mendonça R. S. de , Pereira P. R. V. da S. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

This chapter focuses on five phytophagous mites that were reported in South America during the last decade and that were considered relevant due to their current or potential socioeconomic importance and/or their invasive history: the Hindustan Citrus Mite, Schizotetranychus hindustanicus; the Lychee Erinose Mite, Aceria litchii; the Red Palm Mite, Raoiella indica; the Wheat Curl Mite, Aceria tosichella; and the Panicle Rice Mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki. Information is given on their taxonomy, distribution and invasion history, host plants, and economic impact on past and recently affected areas of these invasive mites. A brief review of morphological and biological aspects, symptoms, detection and control tactics (including chemical, biological, cultural, and host plant resistance) in use or of potential for these invasive mites, is also presented.
Biology, ecology and control of the Ficus whitefly, Singhiella simplex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Authors: Legaspi J. C. , Mannion C. , Amalin D. , Legaspi B. C., Jr. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

This chapter describes the economic importance, geographical distribution, biological development, life history, host plants, and control (using insecticides and biological control agents such as parasitoids, predatory insects and entomogenous fungi) of the ficus whitefly, Singhiella simplex.
Likelihood of dispersal of the armored scale, Aonidiella orientalis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), to avocado trees from infested fruit discarded on the ground, and observations on spread by handlers.
Authors: Hennessey M. K. , Peña J. E. , Zlotina M. , Santos K. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Results are presented of experiments conducted in Homestead, Florida, USA, from 2007 to 2009 to investigate the likelihood of infestation of orchard avocado trees by crawlers of oriental red scale, Aonidiella orientalis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), originating from artificially infested fruit discarded into an orchard. In a favourable climate, the percentage of crawlers settling on a tree from very heavily infested fruit discarded when crawlers were emerging, from fruit with a long shelf life, and from fruit discarded near a tree, was low. Infestation was higher when fruit was in contact with the tree than when it was placed 2 m away. It is concluded that establishment via the pathway of commercially produced fruit for consumption is low, because such fruit has not been observed to be as heavily infested, and is not as likely to be discarded in an orchard as was the study fruit. A second part of the study investigated if fruit handlers could become infested with crawlers and be a pathway for establishment. Fruit handlers did receive a low percentage of crawlers on their clothes when they engaged in brushing crawlers from heavily (>5000 crawlers per fruit) infested fruit in the laboratory. Importantly, the pathway from the handlers' clothes to trees in an orchard has not been demonstrated. Good sanitation and safeguarding practices in the packing houses and the orchards can further ensure the prevention of armored scale introduction via the commodity intended for human consumption.
Stigmatization of Substance Use Disorders among Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Meltzer Ellen C. , Suppes Alexandra , Burns Sam , Shuman Andrew , Orfanos Alex , Sturiano Christopher V. , Charney Pamela , Fins Joseph J. 
Published: July 2013

Background Evidence suggests that some physicians harbor negative attitudes towards patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). The study sought to (1) measure internal medicine residents’ attitudes towards patients with SUDs and other conditions; (2) determine whether demographic factors influence regard for patients with SUDs; and (3) assess the efficacy of a 10-hour addiction medicine course for improving attitudes among a subset of residents. Methods A prospective cohort study of 128 internal medicine residents at an academic medical center in New York City. Scores from the validated Medical Condition Regard Scale (MCRS) were used to assess attitude towards patients with alcoholism, dependence on narcotic pain medication, heartburn, and pneumonia. Demographic variables included gender, postgraduate training year, and prior addiction education. Results Mean baseline MCRS scores were lower (less regard) for patients with alcoholism (41.4) and dependence on narcotic pain medication (35.3) than for patients with pneumonia (54.5) and heartburn (48.9) ( P < .0001). Scores did not differ based upon gender, prior hours of addiction education, or year of training. After the course, MCRS scores marginally increased for patients with alcoholism (mean increased by 0.16, P = .04 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.004–0.324]) and dependence on narcotic pain medication (mean increased by 0.09, P = .10 [95% CI: 0.02–0.22]). Conclusions Internal medicine residents demonstrate less regard for patients with SUDs. Participation in a course in addiction medicine was associated with modest attitude improvement; however, other efforts may be necessary to ensure that patients with potentially stigmatized conditions receive optimal care.
Jesus Christ Against Westphalian Leviathans: A Christian Anarchist Critique of Our Coercive, Idolatrous, and Unchristian International Order
Authors: Christoyannopoulos Alexandre 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Christian anarchists interpret Jesus’ teaching and example to imply a total rejection of violence and coercion. They also understand Jesus to have made it clear that one cannot have two masters, that true commitment to God can only be absolute. By contrast, the Westphalian state – the very basis of international relations – rests on the presumed allegiance conferred to it by its citizens, and upon this allegiance legitimises both domestic and international violence and coercion. From a Christian anarchist perspective, therefore, the Westphalian state is strictly incompatible with the God of Christianity, and would-be Christians must necessarily choose either one or the other. If Christianity is chosen, then the state must not only be demoted from the standing and authority it enjoys today, but its violence and coercion must also be unmasked and denounced as unjustifiable from a Christian perspective. This article outlines this political theological critique of the current international order by discussing the key biblical passages upon which this critique rests, and by contrasting this to the theory and practice of the Westphalian state.
Anarchism, Terrorism Studies and Islamism
Authors: Stott Paul 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The period following 9/11 saw those looking for historical precedent to explain Al Qaeda rediscover the Anarchist terrorists of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Coincidentally this seemed to coincide with the emergence of Islamo-Anarchism, an attempt by some to marry a spiritual Islam with the decentralised anti-governmental approach of Anarchism.This article firstly rejects these developments, but goes on to contend that such narratives are perhaps not surprising given the paucity of debate in the fast developing academic field of Terrorism Studies, dominated as it is by either statist and security industry tendencies, or a Critical Terrorism Studies perspective that risks becoming the mirror opposite of its opponent.
Evolution and Anarchism in International Relations: The Challenge of Kropotkin’s Biological Ontology
Authors: Goodwin Adam 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper will utilize Peter Kropotkin’s theory of Mutual Aid to reconsider ontology in IR. Mutual Aid Theory holds that the evolution of organisms is shaped by cooperation within a group of species against a variable ecology; thus giving rise to a sociality instinct (Kropotkin 1902). This is contrasted with the Malthusian assumption that evolution takes place at the individual level according to their intraspecific fitness. Mutual Aid Theory, applied to the realm of politics, overturns collective action problem-grounded theories that hold that the egoistic and competitive drive of humans must be overcome to promote cooperation. Thayer (2004) applied the orthodox individual-fitness interpretation of evolution in an attempt to shore up Realist arguments. I argue that such reductionist approaches to studying politics are archaic and not congruent with current scientific understanding. A critical realist approach, placing analytical priority on ontological investigations over epistemological/methodological commitments, is employed to assist in the criticism of orthodox reductionist ontologies. However, equally in line with Kropotkin’s anarchist ideas, I argue that this critical realist approach also provokes ontologically-driven inquiries into post-sovereignty global politics and can inform the emancipatory intent of critical IR theory, along the basic anarchist ontological claim: society precedes the State.
The Message of Torture: Biopolitics and Bare Life in the US Discourse of the War on Terror
Authors: Perezalonso Andrés 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Certain practices of the George W. Bush’s administration’s ‘war on terror’ related to the management of human life are examined through the lens of Michel Foucault’s concept of biopolitics and Giorgio Agamben’s idea of bare life. However, a discursive dimension is added. The practices are assessed as an essential part of the message and a determining factor in the overall content of the discourse. While Foucault provides useful insights, it is Agamben’s work that proves to be more accurate for the understanding of the discourse.
The Role of Borders as Sites and Progenitors of Conflict: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Hoseason Alexander 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The growth of transnationalism through the technological advances offered by modernity have forced a reconsideration of the way that we think about borders in the analysis of conflict. This essay examines the issue from two sides, that of borders as the site of conflict, and also as the progenitor or enabling factor. The way in which borders no longer necessarily operate as the site of conflict, and, in the conclusion, sites of cooperation, is examined, demonstrating the growing tendency for events to take place with great distance between actors and in non-contiguous zones. For borders to operate as the progenitors of conflict, it is necessary for them either to act as a necessary or sufficient cause. It is asserted that borders are necessary in order to signify the division of identity that conflict requires, but that their existence does not preclude cooperation. The methods through which borders are constructed are examined through the use of the Copenhagen School’s method of securitisation analysis, which provides the assertion that conflict is the result of the violating of practices of intersubjective understanding rather than the existence of borders as such. Ways in which the strength of borders may vary, and their limits are discussed, before asserting their continuing importance, and it is claimed that globalization works toward relocating, without undermining or challenging, the concept of borders.
Rapid similarity search of proteins using alignments of domain arrangements
Authors: Terrapon Nicolas , Weiner January , Grath Sonja , Moore Andrew D. , Bornberg-Bauer Erich 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Homology search methods are dominated by the central paradigm that sequence similarity is a proxy for common ancestry and, by extension, functional similarity. For determining sequence similarity in proteins, most widely used methods use models of sequence evolution and compare amino-acid strings in search for conserved linear stretches. Probabilistic models or sequence profiles capture the position-specific variation in an alignment of homologous sequences and can identify conserved motifs or domains. While profile-based search methods are generally more accurate than simple sequence comparison methods, they tend to be computationally more demanding. In recent years, several methods have emerged that perform protein similarity searches based on domain composition. However, few methods have considered the linear arrangements of domains when conducting similarity searches, despite strong evidence that domain order can harbour considerable functional and evolutionary signal.
Results: Here, we introduce an alignment scheme that uses a classical dynamic programming approach to the global alignment of domains. We illustrate that representing proteins as strings of domains (domain arrangements) and comparing these strings globally allows for a both fast and sensitive homology search. Further, we demonstrate that the presented methods complement existing methods by finding similar proteins missed by popular amino-acid–based comparison methods.
Availability: An implementation of the presented algorithms, a web-based interface as well as a command-line program for batch searching against the UniProt database can be found at http://rads.uni-muenster.de. Furthermore, we provide a JAVA API for programmatic access to domain-string–based search methods.
Contact: terrapon.nicolas@gmail.com or ebb@uni-muenster.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Automated QuantMap for rapid quantitative molecular network topology analysis
Authors: Schaal Wesley , Hammerling Ulf , Gustafsson Mats G. , Spjuth Ola 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSummary: The previously disclosed QuantMap method for grouping chemicals by biological activity used online services for much of the data gathering and some of the numerical analysis. The present work attempts to streamline this process by using local copies of the databases and in-house analysis. Using computational methods similar or identical to those used in the previous work, a qualitatively equivalent result was found in just a few seconds on the same dataset (collection of 18 drugs). We use the user-friendly Galaxy framework to enable users to analyze their own datasets. Hopefully, this will make the QuantMap method more practical and accessible and help achieve its goals to provide substantial assistance to drug repositioning, pharmacology evaluation and toxicology risk assessment.Availability: http://galaxy.predpharmtox.orgContact: mats.gustafsson@medsci.uu.se or ola.spjuth@farmbio.uu.seSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Spatial variation buffers temporal fluctuations in early juvenile survival for an endangered Pacific salmon
Authors: Thorson James T. , Scheuerell Mark D. , Buhle Eric R. , Copeland Timothy 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Spatial, phenotypic and genetic diversity at relatively small scales can buffer species against large‐scale processes such as climate change that tend to synchronize populations and increase temporal variability in overall abundance or production. This portfolio effect generally results in improved biological and economic outcomes for managed species. Previous evidence for the portfolio effect in salmonids has arisen from examinations of time series of adult abundance, but we lack evidence of spatial buffering of temporal variability in demographic rates such as survival of juveniles during their first year of life.

We therefore use density‐dependent population models with multiple random effects to represent synchronous (similar among populations) and asynchronous (different among populations) temporal variability as well as spatial variability in survival. These are fitted to 25 years of survey data for breeding adults and surviving juveniles from 15 demographically distinct populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) within a single metapopulation in the Snake River in Idaho, USA.

Model selection identifies the most support for the model that included both synchronous and asynchronous temporal variability, in addition to spatial variability. Asynchronous variability (log‐SD = 0·55) is approximately equal in magnitude to synchronous temporal variability (log‐SD = 0·67), but much lower than spatial variability (log‐SD = 1·11). We also show that the pairwise correlation coefficient, a common measure of population synchrony, is approximated by the estimated ratio of shared and total variance, where both approaches yield a synchrony estimate of 0·59. We therefore find evidence for spatial buffering of temporal variability in early juvenile survival, although between‐population variability that persists over time is also large.

We conclude that spatial variation decreases interannual changes in overall juvenile production, which suggests that conservation and restoration of spatial diversity will improve population persistence for this metapopulation. However, the exact magnitude of spatial buffering depends upon demographic parameters such as adult survival that may vary among populations and is proposed as an area of future research using hierarchical life cycle models. We recommend that future sampling of this metapopulation employ a repeated‐measure sampling design to improve estimation of early juvenile carrying capacity.
People and Teams Matter in Organizational Change: Professionals' and Managers' Experiences of Changing Governance and Incentives in Primary Care
Authors: Allan Helen T. , Brearley Sally , Byng Richard , Christian Sara , Clayton Julie , Mackintosh Maureen , Price Linnie , Smith Pam , Ross Fiona 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo explore the experiences of governance and incentives during organizational change for managers and clinical staff.Study SettingThree primary care settings in England in 2006–2008.Study DesignData collection involved three group interviews with 32 service users, individual interviews with 32 managers, and 56 frontline professionals in three sites. The Realistic Evaluation framework was used in analysis to examine the effects of new policies and their implementation.Principal FindingsIntegrating new interprofessional teams to work effectively is a slow process, especially if structures in place do not acknowledge the painful feelings involved in change and do not support staff during periods of uncertainty.ConclusionsEliciting multiple perspectives, often dependent on individual occupational positioning or place in new team configurations, illuminates the need to incorporate the emotional as well as technocratic and system factors when implementing change. Some suggestions are made for facilitating change in health care systems. These are discussed in the context of similar health care reform initiatives in the United States.
Geographic Variations in the Cost of Treating Condition‐Specific Episodes of Care among Medicare Patients
Authors: Reschovsky James D. , Hadley Jack , O'Malley A. James , Landon Bruce E. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo measure geographic variations in treatment costs for specific conditions, explore the consistency of these patterns across conditions, and examine how service mix and population health factors are associated with condition‐specific and total area costs.Data SourcesMedicare claims for 1.5 million elderly beneficiaries from 60 community tracking study (CTS) sites who received services from 5,500 CTS Physician Survey respondents during 2004–2006.Study DesignEpisodes of care for 10 costly and common conditions were formed using Episode Treatment Group grouper software. Episode and total annual costs were calculated, adjusted for price, patient demographics, and comorbidities. We correlated episode costs across sites and examined whether episode service mix and patient health were associated with condition‐specific and total per‐beneficiary costs.Principal FindingsAdjusted episode costs varied from 34 to 68 percent between the most and least expensive site quintiles. Area mean costs were only weakly correlated across conditions. Hospitalization rates, surgery rates, and specialist involvement were associated with site episode costs, but local population health indicators were most related to site total per‐beneficiary costs.ConclusionsPopulation health appears to drive local per‐beneficiary Medicare costs, whereas local practice patterns likely influence condition‐specific episode costs. Reforms should be flexible to address local conditions and practice patterns.