bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using miniaturized radiotelemetry to discover the breeding grounds of the endangered New Zealand Storm Petrel Fregetta maoriana
Authors: Rayner Matt J. , Gaskin Chris P. , Fitzgerald Neil B. , Baird Karen A. , Berg Martin M. , Boyle David , Joyce Leigh , Landers Todd J. , Loh Graeme G. , Maturin Sue , Perrimen Lyndon , Scofield R. Paul , Simm Joanna , Southey Ian , Taylor Graeme A. , Tennyson Alan J. D. , Robertson Bruce C. , Young Megan , Walle Richard , Ismar Stefanie M. H. 
Published: July 2015

Identification of breeding sites remains a critical step in species conservation, particularly in procellariiform seabirds whose threat status is of global concern. We designed and conducted an integrative radiotelemetry approach to uncover the breeding grounds of the critically endangered New Zealand Storm Petrel Fregetta maoriana (NZSP), a species considered extinct before its rediscovery in 2003. Solar‐powered automated radio receivers and hand‐held telemetry were used to detect the presence of birds on three island groups in the Hauraki Gulf near Auckland, New Zealand. At least 11 NZSP captured and radiotagged at sea were detected at night near Te Hauturu‐o‐Toi/Little Barrier Island with the detection of an incubating bird leading to the discovery of the first known breeding site for this species. In total, four NZSP breeding burrows were detected under mature forest canopy and three adult NZSP and two NZSP chicks were ringed. Telemetry data indicated NZSP showed strong moonlight avoidance behaviour over the breeding site, had incubation shifts of approximately 5 days and had a breeding season extending from February to June/July, a different season from other Procellariiformes in the region. Radiotelemetry, in combination with rigorously collected field data on species distribution, offers a valuable technique for locating breeding grounds of procellariiform seabirds and gaining insights into breeding biology while minimizing disturbance to sensitive species or damage to fragile habitat. Our study suggests an avenue for other breeding ground searches in one of the most threatened avian Orders, and highlights the general need for information on the location of breeding sites and understanding the breeding biology in data‐deficient birds.
Effect of dentine phosphophoryn‐derived RGD peptides on odontoblast‐like cells
Authors: Tang J. , Saito T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of RGD peptides derived from dentine phosphophoryn (DPP) on odontoblast‐like cell in terms of differentiation and mineralization.MethodologyMouse dental papilla cell line (MDPC‐23), a rat odontoblast‐like cell line, was used. Briefly, RGD peptides (RGD‐1: SESDNNSSSRGDASYNSDES, RGD‐2: ANSESDNNSSSRGDA, RGD‐3: SRGDASYNSDESKD) were immobilized onto tissue culture polystyrene dishes (TCPS) assisted by carbodiimide chemistry. Surface characterization including carboxyl group quantification and amino acid analysis was carried out to ensure the existence of peptides on plates. Cells were inoculated to those peptides‐modified and control dishes. Next, cell morphology was observed under phase contrast microscopy; cell numbers were counted manually using a hemocytometer. Furthermore, differentiation was examined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity quantification, conventional and real‐time RT‐PCR. Finally, calcific deposition was observed by alizarin red staining and quantified using the cetylpyridinium chloride extraction method. Differences between the experimental groups and the control group were analysed statistically using one‐way anova and Tukey's multiple comparison tests.ResultsPeptides were immobilized onto TCPS successfully as evidenced by carboxyl group density and amino acid analysis. Cell morphology remained unchanged between peptides‐immobilized groups and control, but adhered cell numbers were higher on those peptides‐immobilized dishes (significant differences existed between RGD‐1‐0.5 with control, RGD‐2‐0.1 with control, and RGD‐3‐0.5 with control, respectively). RGD‐3‐0.5 exhibited the highest ALP activity on day 7 (P < 0.05) and promoted a twofold greater DMP‐1 mRNA expression compared to the control on day 10 (P < 0.05). RGD peptides grafted dishes accelerated the mineralization of cells, amongst the experimental groups tested, RGD‐3 groups (comprising RGD‐3‐0.1 and RGD‐3‐0.5) had significantly higher amounts of calcific deposition as compared to the control (P < 0.05).ConclusionsRGD peptides originated from DPP especially RGD‐3 promoted MDPC‐23 differentiation and mineralization.
Strains of Enterococcus faecalis differ in their ability to coexist in biofilms with other root canal bacteria
Authors: Chávez de Paz L. E. , Davies J. R. , Bergenholtz G. , Svensäter G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationship between protease production and the ability of Enterococcus faecalis strains to coexist in biofilms with other bacteria commonly recovered from infected root canals.MethodologyBiofilms with bacteria in mono‐, dual‐ and four‐species communities were developed in flow chambers. The organisms used were Lactobacillus salivarius, Streptococcus gordonii and Actinomyces naeslundii and E. faecalis strains, GUL1 and OG1RF. Biovolume and species distribution were examined using 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with confocal microscopy and image analysis. The full proteome of the E. faecalis strains was studied using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Spots of interest were identified using tandem mass spectroscopy and quantified using Delta 2D software.ResultsAll bacteria formed biofilms and an anova analysis revealed that the biofilm biomass increased significantly (P ≤ 0.01) between 6 and 24 h. L. salivarius, S. gordonii and A. naeslundii formed mutualistic biofilm communities, and this pattern was unchanged when E. faecalis GUL1 was included in the consortium. However, with OG1RF, L. salivarius and S. gordonii were outcompeted in a 24‐h biofilm. Proteomic analysis revealed that OG1RF secreted higher levels of proteases, GelE (P = 0.02) and SprE (P = 0.002) and a previously unidentified serine protease (P = 0.05), than GUL1.ConclusionsDifferent strains of E. faecalis can interact synergistically or antagonistically with a consortium of root canal bacteria. A possible mechanism underlying this, as well as potential differences in virulence, is production of different levels of proteases, which can cause detachment of neighbouring bacteria and tissue damage.
Induction of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity by root filling pastes used in primary teeth
Authors: Pires C. W. , Botton G. , Cadoná F. C. , Machado A. K. , Azzolin V. F. , da Cruz I. B. M. , Sagrillo M. R. , Praetzel J. R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in vitro of four iodoform pastes and three calcium hydroxide pastes.MethodologyPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and pure calf thymus DNA (dsDNA) were exposed to extracts of the pastes. Cytotoxicity was assessed with the MTT assay. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated using a DCFH‐DA assay, and lipid peroxidation was evaluated using a TBARS assay. Genotoxicity was evaluated using the alkaline comet assay and Genomodifier capacity assay (GEMO). All tests were performed after 24 h and 72 h of cell exposure, except GEMO. After performing the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, data were analysed by Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's post‐tests, and anova with Dunnett's post‐test, with a significance level established at P < 0.05.ResultsThe MTT assay revealed that chlorhexidine, Maxitrol and neomycin sulphate + bacitracin pastes decreased cell viability after 24 h (P < 0.05). No group was associated with a significant decreased cell viability or lipid peroxidation after 72 h. Calcium hydroxide pastes increased the cell viability levels at both experimental times (P < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation was observed with the exposure of cells to calcium hydroxide pastes after 24 h (P < 0.05). Exposure to chlorhexidine, Guedes‐Pinto and calcium hydroxide pastes resulted in a significant increase in ROS after 24 h (P < 0.05), whereas iodoform pastes and Calen thickened with zinc oxide significantly increased the ROS after 72 h (P < 0.05). The comet assay revealed that exposure of the PBMCs to iodoform pastes did not damage DNA at either period of time (P > 0.05). However, chlorhexidine paste caused DNA damage in dsDNA (P < 0.05). Calcium hydroxide pastes caused DNA damage in both tests (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe pastes varied in their ability to induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress. In general, Guedes‐Pinto, Maxitrol and neomycin sulphate + bacitracin pastes exhibited better biocompatibility in vitro.
Toxicity of irrigating solutions and pharmacological associations used in pulpectomy of primary teeth
Authors: Botton G. , Pires C. W. , Cadoná F. C. , Machado A. K. , Azzolin V. F. , Cruz I. B. M. , Sagrillo M. R. , Praetzel J. R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the in vitro toxicity of irrigating solutions and pharmacological associations used in the pulpectomy of primary teeth.MethodologyThe cell viability (MTT), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), alkaline comet assay and GEMO tests were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of solutions: sodium hypochlorite (1% and 2.5%), 2% chlorhexidine, 6% citric acid and 17% EDTA, which were tested, individually and in association, exposing human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MTT, TBARS and alkaline comet assay), at 24 and 72 h, and dsDNA (GEMO). After performing the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, data were analysed by anova followed by Dunnett's post hoc test, and Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn post hoc test. A significance level was established at P < 0.05.ResultsAll irrigating solutions and pharmacological associations reduced cell viability at 24 h (P < 0.05). These reductions were maintained after 72 h, except for EDTA and associations of sodium hypochlorite (1% and 2.5%) with EDTA and of chlorhexidine with EDTA. Lipid peroxidation at 24 h was caused by EDTA and by 2.5% sodium hypochlorite with EDTA; it was also caused at 72 h by sodium hypochlorite (1% and 2.5%) and the three associations with citric acid (P < 0.05). All groups caused DNA damage when assessed by the alkaline comet assay, at 24 h and 72 h (P < 0.05). In the GEMO assay, all groups caused dsDNA damage (P < 0.05), except for chlorhexidine with EDTA.ConclusionAll groups showed some level of toxicity. Amongst the main solutions, chlorhexidine presented less cytotoxic potential. EDTA was the least cytotoxic of the auxiliary irrigant solutions, and the association of these two solutions showed the lowest toxicity potential amongst all groups.
Combining Egalitarian Working Lives with Traditional Attitudes: Gender Role Attitudes in Taiwan, Japan, and Korea
Authors: Takeuchi Maki , Tsutsui Junya 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn a simple theoretical framework, egalitarian gender role attitudes emerge as more and more women participate in the labor market. Most advanced Western nations enjoy relatively gender‐egalitarian working environments, and consequently more egalitarian gender attitudes than their East Asian counterparts. Women in East Asian societies, on the other hand, are said to support both the conditions resulting in stagnant female labor‐force participation and traditional attitudes toward gender roles. In Taiwan, however, women are more economically active than in two other East Asian societies—Japan and South Korea—even though women in all three societies favor the traditional gender division of labor. Thus, in Taiwan, women experiencing inconsistencies between their active working lives and their traditional values. This study hypothesizes that this inconsistency, or the coexistence of the old and the new, is reflected in the very mind‐set of women. Using comparative data from the 2006 East Asian Social Survey, we analyzed the gap between responses to questions on gender attitudes in relation to working conditions, and other general gender role attitudes. We found there were significant differences in the size of these gaps. Taiwanese women expressed more egalitarian views insofar as the questions were concerned with practical economic interests, while they retained their basic traditional attitudes towards gender roles in their homes. This gap is larger in Taiwan than in Japan or South Korea.
Screening for common β‐globin gene cluster deletions in Chinese individuals with increased hemoglobin F
Authors: Cai W.‐J. , Li J. , Xie X.‐M. , Li D.‐Z. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of β‐globin gene cluster deletions in individuals with increased Hb F levels in a Chinese population.MethodsSubjects with HbF levels ≥10% were selected for further investigation. Gap‐PCR was used to screen for three common β‐globin gene cluster deletions: Chinese (Aγδβ)0‐thalassemia, Southeast Asian (SEA) deletion and Hb Lepore. Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to analyze dosage changes of the β‐globin gene cluster for those not associated with one of the three common deletions.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐one individuals had an increased Hb F level; among these, 51 (38.9%) were showed to have Chinese (Aγδβ)0‐thalassemia (n = 37) or SEA deletion (n = 14). A single case of Hb Lepore–Boston–Washington was detected. MLPA only detected 2 deletions in three cases of the remaining 80 patients. Gap‐PCR confirmed that they included a 1357 bp β‐globin gene deletion (NG_000007.3:g.69997_71353del1357) in one case and a HBG2‐HBG1 fusion gene consisting of exons 1 and 2 of HBG2 (Gγ‐globin gene) and exon 3 of HBG1 (Aγ‐globin gene) (HBG2:c.315 + 573_HBG1: c.315 + 572del) in two cases.ConclusionThe Chinese (Aγδβ)0‐thalassemia and SEA deletion are the most common large deletions of β‐globin gene cluster in Chinese. Gap‐PCR for the detection of these two deletions should be used in thalassemia screening program in China where the incidence of β‐thalassemia is high.
Assessing Freedom of Information in Latin America a Decade Later: Illuminating a Transparency Causal Mechanism
Authors: Michener Gregory 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMore than 100 freedom of information (FOI) laws have been enacted worldwide, nearly half within the last 10 years. Yet these cross-domain, lynchpin transparency measures have received little scholarly attention. This article assesses the 16 FOI measures adopted across Latin America. Is secrecy being surrendered in a region marked by legacies of opacity? Why are some laws fulfilling their de jure potential in practice while others are not? This article aims to achieve 3 general objectives. It analyzes the de jure and de facto strength of Latin American FOI regimes; it exposes critical data-based and methodological challenges in evaluating and comparing transparency laws; and it illustrates how a causal mechanism, driven by the interactive dynamics of legislative balances of power and cabinet compositions, has had a determinate influence in shaping the strength of FOI regimes from adoption to implementation and reform.
Customary Trade and the Complications of Consent
Authors: Nili Shmuel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGlobal justice theorists have given much attention to corporations' purchases of state‐owned natural resources controlled by dictators. These resources, the common argument goes, belong to the people rather than to those who exercise effective political power. Dictators who rely on violence to secure their political power and who sell state‐owned natural resources without authorisation from their people, or from their people's elected delegates, are therefore violating their peoples' property rights. But many dictatorships also distribute natural resource revenue to the population, and stopping to purchase natural resources from them is therefore likely to produce relative deprivation for the people, even while increasing the chances of the people gaining control over their property. Given these circumstances, can corporations buying the people's natural resources from a distributive dictatorship appeal to the people's consent as justification for such purchases? I consider this question by inspecting three types of consent to which resource corporations might appeal. I show that, under the circumstances of natural resource trade with distributive dictatorships, none of these types of consent can obtain. Hence, resource corporations cannot appeal to popular consent to defend their transactions with distributive dictatorships.
Latitudinal shift in thermal niche breadth results from thermal release during a climate‐mediated range expansion
Authors: Lancaster Lesley T. , Dudaniec Rachael Y. , Hansson Bengt , Svensson Erik I. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimClimate change is currently altering the geographical distribution of species, but how this process contributes to biogeographical variation in ecological traits is unknown. Range‐shifting species are predicted to encounter and respond to new selective regimes during their expansion phase, but also carry historical adaptations to their ancestral range. We sought to identify how historical and novel components of the environment interact to shape latitudinal trends in thermal tolerance, thermal tolerance breadth and phenotypic plasticity of a range‐shifting species.LocationSouthern and central Sweden.MethodsTo evaluate phenotypic responses to changes in the thermal selective environment, we experimentally determined the upper and lower thermal tolerances of > 2000 wild‐caught damselflies (Ischnura elegans) from populations distributed across core and expanding range‐edge regions. We then identified changing correlations between thermal tolerance, climate and recent weather events across the range expansion. Niche modelling was employed to evaluate the relative contributions of varying climatic selective regimes to overall habitat suitability for the species in core versus range‐edge regions.ResultsUpper thermal tolerance exhibited local adaptation to climate in the core region, but showed evidence of having been released from thermal selection during the current range expansion. In contrast, chill coma recovery exhibited local adaptation across the core region and range expansion, corresponding to increased climatic variability at higher latitudes. Adaptive plasticity of lower thermal tolerances (acclimation ability) increased towards the northern, expanding range edge.Main conclusionsOur results suggest micro‐evolutionary mechanisms for several large‐scale and general biogeographical patterns, including spatially and latitudinally invariant heat tolerances (Brett's rule) and increased thermal acclimation rates and niche breadths at higher latitudes. Population‐level processes unique to climate‐mediated range expansions may commonly underpin many broader, macro‐physiological trends.
Body size evolution under character release in the ground beetleCarabus japonicus
Authors: Okuzaki Yutaka , Sugawara Hisashi , Sota Teiji 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimWe tested the hypothesis of character release in body size among allopatric populations of the carabid beetleCarabus japonicusby analysing geographical variation in body size in relation to habitat temperature and sympatry/allopatry with the larger congeneric speciesCarabus dehaanii.LocationThe main and satellite islands of Kyushu in the south‐western part of the Japanese archipelago.MethodsWe studied geographical variation in the body length and genital size ofC. japonicuspopulations at different sites to examine the effects of both habitat temperature and sympatry/allopatry withC. dehaanii. To determine whether the conditions for character release were fulfilled, we then estimated the heritable differences in body size by common garden rearing, and estimated the phylogenetic relationships among populations by molecular phylogenetic analysis.ResultsWhile body size was positively correlated with annual mean temperature, it was consistently small in sympatry but larger in some allopatric populations in warmer regions. The body size differences among populations were heritable. AllopatricC. japonicuspopulations on satellite islands were derived from the sympatric mainland populations. In a few sympatric areas, mitochondrial haplotypes were shared between the species because of introgressive hybridization, suggesting the occurrence of reproductive interference between the species. We also found that genital size was not affected by sympatry/allopatry, but was positively correlated with body size.Main conclusionsWe demonstrated that the increased body size of allopatricC. japonicushas evolved through a character release process. However, not all allopatric populations had enlarged body size, thus suggesting that some additional environmental factors are also involved. Geographical differentiation in body size and associated genital dimensions may result in prezygotic reproductive isolation among populations and promote allopatric differentiation leading to speciation.
Enhancing the Capacity of School Nurses to Reduce Excessive Anxiety in Children: Development of the CALM Intervention
Authors: Drake Kelly L. , Stewart Catherine E. , Muggeo Michela A. , Ginsburg Golda S. 
Published: July 2015

ProblemExcessive anxiety is among the most common psychiatric problems facing youth. Because anxious youth tend to have somatic complaints, many seek help from the school nurse. Thus, school nurses are in an ideal position to provide early intervention. This study addresses this problem and describes the plans to develop and test a new intervention (Child Anxiety Learning Modules; CALM), delivered by school nurses, to reduce child anxiety and improve academic functioning.MethodsAn iterative development process including consultation with an expert panel, two open trials, and a pilot randomized controlled study comparing CALM to usual care is proposed. Feedback will be solicited from all participants during each phase and data on outcome measures will be provided by children, parents, teachers, and independent evaluators.FindingsData will be collected on intervention satisfaction and feasibility. Primary outcomes that include child anxiety symptoms, classroom behavior, and school performance (e.g., attendance, grades, standardized test scores) will be collected at pre‐ and post‐interventions and at a 3‐month follow‐up evaluation.ConclusionsPediatric anxiety is a common problem that school nurses frequently encounter. Consequently, they are well positioned to play a key role in enhancing access to behavioral health interventions to reduce anxiety and may therefore make a significant positive public health impact.