bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanics Behavior Induced by Chemical Expansion for Oxide Anode of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Wang Y. , Zhu S. , Zhan Z. , Xia C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOxide anodes of solid oxide fuel cells are usually stable in the redox cycling process. However, they may be subjected to mechanical stresses associated with chemical expansion due to the stoichiometrical variation. A novel method is presented to detect the mechanical stresses by combining the Fick's second law, oxygen surface exchange, and oxygen‐ion diffusion properties. The surface tensile stress is weak for the small structural dimensions due to the short diffusion length. When the surface exchange kinetics is increased by means such as surface modification, the improved surface exchange rate may result in large mechanical stress and the stress‐loading rate, and consequently, reduce the redox stability. A new modulus (ω) is introduced to predict the mechanical behavior, and larger ω means higher mechanical stress. Finally, the prediction is experimentally confirmed with (La0.75Sr0.25)0.95Cr0.5Mn0.5O3–δ (LSCM) samples, where the fracture is related to its conductivity. It is found that porous LSCM has excellent stability in the atmosphere change process. However, fractures are observed with Ni impregnated porous LSCM due to the increased surface exchanged coefficient, which means larger ω.
Long‐term experience with reduced planning target volume margins and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy with daily image‐guidance for head and neck cancer
Authors: Chen Allen M. , Yu Yao , Daly Megan E. , Farwell D. Gregory , H. Benedict Stanley , Purdy James A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare outcomes among patients treated by intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with daily image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) for head and neck cancer according to the margins used to expand the clinical target volume (CTV) to create a planning target volume (PTV).MethodsThree hundred sixty‐seven consecutive patients were treated with IMRT for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The first 103 patients were treated with 5‐mm CTV‐to‐PTV margins. The subsequent 264 patients were treated using reduced (3 mm) margins.ResultsThe 3‐year locoregional control for patients treated using 5‐mm and 3‐mm CTV‐to‐PTV margins, respectively, was 78% and 80% (p = .75). The incidence of gastrostomy‐tube dependence at 1 year was 10% and 3%, respectively (p = .001). The incidence of posttreatment esophageal stricture was 14% and 7%, respectively (p = .01).ConclusionThe use of reduced (3 mm) CTV‐to‐PTV margins was associated with reduced late toxicity while maintaining locoregional control. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1766–1772, 2014
Gold‐Catalyzed Alkynylation: Acetylene‐Transfer instead of Functionalization
Authors: Brand Jonathan P. , Li Yifan , Waser Jérôme 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOver the last fifteen years, gold has been raised from the status of an inert noble metal to one of the most‐often‐used catalysts in synthetic chemistry. The functionalization of the triple bond of alkynes has been especially successful in this respect. In contrast, gold‐catalyzed alkynylation reactions only began to emerge in 2007. Since then, three different approaches have been successfully used for this transformation. 1) Gold nanoparticles have been shown to promote catalytic cycles based on the oxidative arylation of aryl halides to give a “palladium‐free Sonogashira reaction”. 2) The use of benziodoxol(on)e hypervalent iodine compounds as oxidative alkynylation reagents has allowed the CH functionalization of electron‐rich heterocycles under mild conditions with a very broad functional‐group tolerance. 3) The use of iodobenzene acetate or Selectfluor as an external oxidant has led to the first alkynylation methods based on direct CH/CH coupling reactions. In only six years, gold‐catalyzed alkynylation methods have grown from non‐existent to useful synthetic procedures for the synthesis of structurally diverse alkynes. Considering that acetylenes are among the most‐important building blocks for applications in synthetic chemistry, chemical biology, and materials science, there is tremendous potential for the further development of gold‐catalyzed alkynylation reactions in the future.
Pulsed radiofrequency inhibited activation of spinal mitogen‐activated protein kinases and ameliorated early neuropathic pain in rats
Authors: Lin M.‐L. , Lin W.‐T. , Huang R.‐Y. , Chen T.‐C. , Huang S.‐H. , Chang C.‐H. , Tsai S.‐Y. , Chiu H.‐W. , Yeh G.‐C. , Lin C.‐W. , Wen Y.‐R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundPulsed radiofrequency (PRF) has been widely used to treat chronic pain, but the effectiveness and mechanisms in preventing early neuropathic pain have not been well explored. Even fewer knowledge is available in its impact on glia‐mediated nociceptive sensitization. This study aims to elucidate the modulation of PRF on nerve injury‐induced pain development and activation of spinal mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs).MethodsIn a rat spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model, a low‐volt PRF treatment was applied to the L5 dorsal root ganglion after nerve injury. Nociceptive behaviours were measured by von Frey and heat withdrawal tests at multiple time points. MAPK activations, including p‐ERK and p‐p38, as well as TNF‐α level in the spinal dorsal horn were assessed and the cell types that expressed MAPK activation were identified by double immunofluorescence staining.ResultsWe found that SNL promptly induced neuropathic pain in the affected hind limb for over 1 week as well as increased p‐ERK and p‐p38 in the spinal dorsal horn. PRF significantly attenuated SNL‐induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia for 5–7 days. PRF also inhibited ERK and p38 activations, which were found majorly located within neurons and microglia, respectively. Besides, PRF significantly suppressed expression of TNF‐α in the spinal dorsal horn throughout the course.ConclusionsLow‐volt PRF significantly ameliorated SNL‐induced acute pain. Inferentially, PRF may inhibit spinal sensitization by down‐regulating spinal MAPK activations and activation‐mediated cytokine release. We demonstrated that early PRF treatment in acute nerve injury helps to ameliorate neuropathic pain development.
A fibrous bed bioreactor to improve the productivity of succinic acid by Actinobacillus succinogenes
Authors: Yan Qiang , Zheng Pu , Dong Jin‐Jun , Sun Zhi‐Hao 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDSuccinic acid is one of the most important biorefinery platform chemicals. The fibrous‐bed bioreactor (FBB), comprising spiral cotton fiber packed in a modified bioreactor, is effective for anaerobic cell‐immobilized fermentation. In this study, fermentation production of succinic acid by Actinobacillus succinogenes using a FBB was investigated.RESULTSThe effect of different initial glucose concentrations on succinic acid production in batch fermentation in a FBB was examined, which indicated that the optimal initial glucose concentration was 55 g L‐1. In 10 batches of repeated‐batch fermentation, the average succinic acid productivity, concentration, and yield were 3.61 g L‐1 h‐1, 39.0 g L‐1, and 0.85 g g‐1, respectively. A maximum succinic acid concentration of 98.7 g L‐1 was reached in fed‐batch fermentation comprising four batches of fermentation, with a succinic acid yield of 0.89 g g‐1 and productivity of 2.77 g L‐1 h‐1.CONCLUSIONSuccinic acid fermentation by A. succinogenes in a FBB was successfully performed to enhance succinic acid productivity. And also, high succinic acid concentration with high reactor productivity and yield were simultaneously achieved in the FBB with fed‐batch fermentation. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Aqueous two‐phase systems for the extraction of phenolic compounds from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) wood industrial wastes
Authors: Xavier Lucía , Freire M. Sonia , Vidal‐Tato Isabel , González‐Álvarez Julia 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDAqueous two‐phase extraction is recognized as an effective, versatile and important emerging green‐technique for the downstream processing of biomolecules. Extraction of phenolic compounds from trimmings of Eucalyptus globulus wood veneers was studied using aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) (water + polymer + salt) based on PEG 2000 and ammonium sulphate. The aim was the recovery of phenolic compounds to be used as natural antioxidants. Experiments were planned to optimize the extraction process. The influence of several operational conditions (time, temperature, ATPS composition, solid–liquid ratio and settlement time) on phenolics recovery was studied.RESULTSIt was found that phenolic compounds have preference for the top PEG‐rich phase. Settlement time had no significant impact on phase composition. Total phenols yield increased with temperature, extraction time and amount of solvent used. However, ATPS composition did not significantly influence total phenol yield. Extract analysis by RP‐HPLC‐ESI‐TOF confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds with potential antioxidant activity, namely, mono and digalloyl glucose, (−)‐gallic acid, ellagic acid and quercetin 3‐O‐rhamnoside.CONCLUSIONResults demonstrated that extraction with ATPS (PEG 2000 and ammonium sulphate) is an efficient way for recovering phenolics from eucalyptus wastes without requiring previous purification (total phenols yield of up to 1.88 ± 0.04 mg GAE/100 o.d. wood). © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Upper aerodigestive magnetic foreign bodies in children
Authors: Brown Julie C. , Baik Fred M. , Ou Henry C. , Otjen Jeffrey P. , Parish Hannah G. , Chan Dylan K. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisSmall, powerful magnets are increasingly available in toys and other products, and are responsible for increasing numbers of foreign body injuries in children. Small, spherical, neodymium magnets available since 2008 are of particular concern. We aimed to identify all cases of upper aerodigestive foreign bodies at our institution over 15.5 years of study.Study DesignCase series including all patients treated at an urban, tertiary care children's hospital who had upper aerodigestive magnetic foreign bodies, from January 1, 1998 through April 30, 2013.MethodsWe manually reviewed 7,049 patient records abstracted from billing data to identify all patients 0 to 20 years of age who had upper aerodigestive magnetic foreign bodies.ResultsWe identified four cases of upper aerodigestive magnetic foreign bodies, one involving the hypopharynx, and three involving the upper esophagus. Three occurred in 2010 or later. Two cases involve the ingestion of multiple, spherical, neodymium magnets recently marketed as desktop toys. In both of these cases, there was a rapid development of mucosal injury at the site of attraction between two magnets.ConclusionsAs small, powerful magnets become more ubiquitous, pediatric magnet foreign body injuries are increasing. Although most are gastrointestinal, we identified four recent cases involving the upper aerodigestive tract. Multiple magnets lodged in the hypopharynx or esophagus can rapidly cause pressure necrosis of mucosal tissues, and merit prompt management. Education regarding magnet safety and improved magnet safety standards are needed to reduce the risk of these injuries.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1481–1485, 2014
What is the role of the larynx in adult obstructive sleep apnea?
Authors: Dedhia Raj C. , Rosen Clark A. , Soose Ryan J. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine the current body of literature supporting the role of the larynx in adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Data SourcesPubMed.MethodsPubMed search using medical subject headings “larynx” and “obstructive sleep apnea.” Original articles in English related to adult patients were initially included, and the bibliographies of pertinent articles were hand‐searched for additional articles.ResultsA total of 17 articles were included in the review in the following subgroups: neuromuscular role of larynx (n = 3), anatomic contribution of larynx to OSA (n = 7), and special populations (n = 7). The sensory component of the superior laryngeal nerve plays a critical role in airway patency during sleep, and patients with OSA have increased endolaryngeal sensory thresholds compared to controls. Primary epiglottic obstruction in the hypopharynx represents 15% of patients with OSA unable to tolerate continuous positive airway pressure. Head and neck cancer and multiple system atrophy are two entities with high rates of OSA due in part to laryngeal abnormalities.ConclusionsThe endolarynx warrants consideration in the pathophysiology of OSA, particularly as it relates to sensory dysfunction and epiglottic obstruction. Patients with head and neck cancer of the laryngopharynx are at significant risk of OSA. Further research is needed to better understand and heighten awareness of the intimate role that the larynx may play in OSA. Laryngoscope, 124:1029–1034, 2014
Does buccal cancer have worse prognosis than other oral cavity cancers?
Authors: Camilon P. Ryan , Stokes William A. , Fuller Colin W. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Lentsch Eric J. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine whether buccal squamous cell carcinoma has worse overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) than cancers in the rest of the oral cavity.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of a large population database.MethodsWe began with a Kaplan‐Meier analysis of OS and DSS for buccal versus nonbuccal tumors with unmatched data, followed by an analysis of cases matched for race, age at diagnosis, stage at diagnosis, and treatment modality. This was supported by a univariate Cox regression comparing buccal cancer to nonbuccal cancer, followed by a multivariate Cox regression that included all significant variables studied.ResultsWith unmatched data, buccal cancer had significantly lesser OS and DSS values than cancers in the rest of the oral cavity (P < .001). After case matching, the differences between OS and DSS for buccal cancer versus nonbuccal oral cancer were no longer significant. Univariate Cox regression models with respect to OS and DSS showed a significant difference between buccal cancer and nonbuccal cancer. However, with multivariate analysis, buccal hazard ratios for OS and DSS were not significant.ConclusionsWith the largest series of buccal carcinoma to date, our study concludes that the OS and DSS of buccal cancer are similar to those of cancers in other oral cavity sites once age at diagnosis, tumor stage, treatment, and race are taken into consideration. The previously perceived poor prognosis of buccal carcinoma may be due to variations in tumor presentation, such as later stage and older patient age.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 124:1386–1391, 2014
A comparative study of phosphoric acid‐doped m‐PBI membranes
Authors: A. Perry Kelly , L. More Karren , Andrew Payzant E. , Meisner Roberta A. , Sumpter Bobby G. , Benicewicz Brian C. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPhosphoric acid (PA)‐doped m‐polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes used in high temperature fuel cells and hydrogen pumps were prepared by a conventional imbibing process and a sol–gel fabrication process. A comparative study was conducted to investigate the critical properties of PA doping levels, ionic conductivities, mechanical properties, and molecular ordering. This systematic study found that sol–gel PA‐doped m‐PBI membranes were able to absorb higher acid doping levels and to achieve higher ionic conductivities than conventionally imbibed membranes when treated in an equivalent manner. Even at similar acid loadings, the sol–gel membranes exhibited higher ionic conductivities. Heat treatment of conventionally imbibed membranes with ≤29 wt % solids caused a significant reduction in mechanical properties; conversely, sol–gel membranes exhibited an enhancement in mechanical properties. From X‐ray structural studies and atomistic simulations, both conventionally imbibed and sol–gel membranes exhibited d‐spacings of 3.5 and 4.6 Å, which were tentatively attributed to parallel ring stacking and staggered side‐to‐side packing, respectively, of the imidazole rings in these aromatic heterocyclic polymers. An anisotropic staggered side‐to‐side chain packing present in the conventional membranes may be related to the reduction in mechanical properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 26–35
Plasma protein analysis of patients with different B‐cell lymphomas using high‐content antibody microarrays
Authors: Schröder Christoph , Srinivasan Harish , Sill Martin , Linseisen Jakob , Fellenberg Kurt , Becker Nikolaus , Nieters Alexandra , Hoheisel Jörg D. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeIn this study, plasma samples from a multicentric case‐control study on lymphoma were analyzed for the identification of proteins useful for diagnosis.Experimental designThe protein content in the plasma of 100 patients suffering from the three most common B‐cell lymphomas and 100 control samples was studied with antibody microarrays composed of 810 antibodies that target cancer‐associated proteins. Sample pools were screened for an identification of marker proteins. Then, the samples were analyzed individually to validate the usability of these markers.ResultsMore than 200 proteins with disease‐associated abundance changes were found. The evaluation on individual patients confirmed some molecules as robust informative markers while others were inadequate for this purpose. In addition, the analysis revealed distinct subgroups for each of the three investigated B‐cell lymphoma subtypes. With this information, we delineated a classifier that discriminates the different lymphoma entities.Conclusions and clinical relevanceVariations in plasma protein abundance permit discrimination between different patient groups. After validation on a larger study cohort, the findings could have diagnostic as well as differential diagnostic potential. Beside this, methodological aspects were critically evaluated, such as the value of sample pooling for the identification of biomarkers that are useful for a diagnosis on individual patients.
X‐Band Microwave Properties and Ignition Predictions of Neat Explosives
Authors: Daily Megan E. , Glover Brian B. , Son Steven F. , Groven Lori J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMicrowave frequency electromagnetic properties are critical for understanding and predicting the heating and ignition behavior of explosives subjected to microwave irradiation. In this work we report relative complex permittivity measurements in the X‐band (8–12 GHz) for 13 neat explosives measured by the circular cavity technique. This data set was then used in conjunction with COMSOL 4.3 Multiphysics® finite element analysis software to design and simulate a low power (100 W), high electric field X‐band microwave applicator. The role of the sample holder on our ability to directly study the response of explosives to electromagnetic energy is examined and shown to be critical. Times to ignition were predicted for PETN, TATB, and HMX and indicate that for the proposed applicator and considered properties ignition may occur in less than one second exposure. These predictions show that explosives can be effectively heated in short time scales through direct microwave heating without absorptive binders or inclusions.
Improving the accuracy of protein stability predictions with multistate design using a variety of backbone ensembles
Authors: Davey James A. , Chica Roberto A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTMultistate computational protein design (MSD) with backbone ensembles approximating conformational flexibility can predict higher quality sequences than single‐state design with a single fixed backbone. However, it is currently unclear what characteristics of backbone ensembles are required for the accurate prediction of protein sequence stability. In this study, we aimed to improve the accuracy of protein stability predictions made with MSD by using a variety of backbone ensembles to recapitulate the experimentally measured stability of 85 Streptococcal protein G domain β1 sequences. Ensembles tested here include an NMR ensemble as well as those generated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, by Backrub motions, and by PertMin, a new method that we developed involving the perturbation of atomic coordinates followed by energy minimization. MSD with the PertMin ensembles resulted in the most accurate predictions by providing the highest number of stable sequences in the top 25, and by correctly binning sequences as stable or unstable with the highest success rate (≈90%) and the lowest number of false positives. The performance of PertMin ensembles is due to the fact that their members closely resemble the input crystal structure and have low potential energy. Conversely, the NMR ensemble as well as those generated by MD simulations at 500 or 1000 K reduced prediction accuracy due to their low structural similarity to the crystal structure. The ensembles tested herein thus represent on‐ or off‐target models of the native protein fold and could be used in future studies to design for desired properties other than stability. Proteins 2014; 82:771–784. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular dynamics study of HIV‐1 RT‐DNA‐nevirapine complexes explains NNRTI inhibition and resistance by connection mutations
Authors: Vijayan R. S. K. , Arnold Eddy , Das Kalyan 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTHIV‐1 reverse transcriptase (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that is targeted by nucleoside analogs (NRTIs) and non‐nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). NNRTIs are allosteric inhibitors of RT, and constitute an integral part of several highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens. Under selective pressure, HIV‐1 acquires resistance against NNRTIs primarily by selecting mutations around the NNRTI pocket. Complete RT sequencing of clinical isolates revealed that spatially distal mutations arising in connection and the RNase H domain also confer NNRTI resistance and contribute to NRTI resistance. However, the precise structural mechanism by which the connection domain mutations confer NNRTI resistance is poorly understood. We performed 50‐ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, followed by essential dynamics, free‐energy landscape analyses, and network analyses of RT‐DNA, RT‐DNA‐nevirapine (NVP), and N348I/T369I mutant RT‐DNA‐NVP complexes. MD simulation studies revealed altered global motions and restricted conformational landscape of RT upon NVP binding. Analysis of protein structure network parameters demonstrated a dissortative hub pattern in the RT‐DNA complex and an assortative hub pattern in the RT‐DNA‐NVP complex suggesting enhanced rigidity of RT upon NVP binding. The connection subdomain mutations N348I/T369I did not induce any significant structural change; rather, these mutations modulate the conformational dynamics and alter the long‐range allosteric communication network between the connection subdomain and NNRTI pocket. Insights from the present study provide a structural basis for the biochemical and clinical findings on drug resistance caused by the connection and RNase H mutations. Proteins 2014; 82:815–829. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.