bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic structure within the Mesoamerican gene pool of wild Phaseolus lunatus (Fabaceae) from Mexico as revealed by microsatellite markers: Implications for conservation and the domestication of the species
Authors: Martínez‐Castillo Jaime , Camacho‐Pérez Luciana , Villanueva‐Viramontes Sara , Andueza‐Noh Rubén H. , Chacón‐Sánchez María I. 
Published: April 2014

• Premise of the study: Understanding genetic structure in wild relatives of a crop is important for crop improvement and conservation. Recently, two gene pools (MI and MII) were reported in wild Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) from Mexico, a domestication center of Mesoamerican landraces. However, the evidence was based on limited genomic sampling. Here we sought to confirm the existence of these two gene pools by increased genome and population sampling.• Methods: We characterized 67 wild populations of P. lunatus from Mexico with 10 microsatellite loci and studied the genetic structure by means of AMOVA, cluster analyses, assignment tests, and a georeferenced map.• Key results: AMOVA indicated that most of the variation is found among populations (77%) rather than within populations (23%). Assignment tests were key to confirm not only the presence of the two gene pools (MI and MII) in Mexico, but also to propose the possible existence of two subgroups within MI (MIa and MIb). While MI and MII are mainly divergent geographically, MIa and MIb overlap in their distribution. Admixed individuals, which may represent cases of gene flow among gene pools, were detected.• Conclusions: Our results show that the genetic structure of wild Lima bean in Mexico is more complex than previously thought and propose the presence of three gene pools (MIa, MIb, and MII), each one possessing relatively high levels of genetic diversity. We still need additional evidence, however, to confirm without doubt the split of the gene pool MI into subgroups MIa and MIb.
L'enfant, sa famille et la santé publique : une fable périlleuse ?
Authors: Delawarde Cécile , Briffault Xavier , Saïas Thomas 
Published: April 2014

Ces dernières décennies, le développement de la prévention et de la promotion en santé mentale en France s’est accompagné de la volonté des pouvoirs publics d’investir dans des programmes de « promotion des compétences parentales » . Ce nouveau mode d’aide à la parentalité, issu de pays anglo-saxons, engendre d’intenses polémiques opposant un discours de santé publique à celui d’une partie significative d’acteurs de terrain. Ce travail de recherche vise à prendre en considération les différentes conceptions d’acteurs spécialisés dans l’aide à la parentalité afin de mieux appréhender ce qui les oppose. Des observations de terrain ont été effectuées dans des instances de santé publique et une dizaine d’acteurs ont été interrogés par le biais d’entretiens. Les résultats mettent en valeur trois conceptions anthropologique, sociopolitique et interventionnelle distinctes de l’aide à la parentalité.
Introduction : Les nouveaux mondes des migrations et des territoires
Authors: Lacour Claude , Angeon Valérie 
Published: April 2014

Cet article sert d’introduction générale au numéro spécial issu du colloque de l’ASRDLF tenu en Martinique en 2011. Il explique les raisons qui conduisent à penser que l’attention aux phénomènes migratoires revient d’actualité alors que les migrations internationales ou sur de longues distances constituent une réalité profonde et permanente. Les guerres, la pauvreté, les conflits ethniques, les changements climatiques ont largement conditionné les modes d’occupation de l’espace, ont structuré les modes de vie, la recherche d’emploi et de revenus etc. L’actualité tiendrait moins alors aux facteurs fondamentaux qu’à l’ampleur des mouvements, à la libéralisation des échanges, à la crise contemporaine et à l’affaiblissement de l’État-providence. Les territoires, tout particulièrement urbains, sont aussi de plus en plus concernés par les impératifs de l’efficacité, induisant des composantes nouvelles de brain drain et l’intensification de poches de pauvreté. Il est alors nécessaire de repenser les représentations des phénomènes migratoires et de les formaliser.
Savoir(s) et apprentissage : comment apprécier l'intelligence organisationnelle ?
Authors: Baujard Corinne 
Published: April 2014

Dans un contexte où les entreprises sont soumises à des pertes de savoirs professionnels, la formation est confrontée à la transformation des environnements d’apprentissage. Ses dispositifs, plus ou moins formalisés, révèlent la difficulté de la transmission en raison de la nature tacite des enjeux. L’intelligence organisationnelle revêt aujourd’hui une dimension variable en raison de nombreux départs des salariés (retraites, démissions et licenciements). Comment la définir ? Comment repérer et opérationnaliser ce concept afin de mieux l’appréhender au sein des entreprises ? À partir d’une étude de cas exploratoire menée auprès d’un groupe international dans le secteur industriel, un cadre théorique en train de se réaliser est proposé pour transformer les décisions en problèmes scientifiques, expliciter les éléments et proposer des solutions. Si comprendre c’est inventer (Piaget, 1972), l’intelligence organisationnelle émerge selon une stabilisation de pratiques régulières entre des acteurs organisés. Dans ce contexte, la formation accueille de nouveaux espaces de savoirs professionnels avec une démarche propre qui mobilise l’action collective d’apprentissage.
CD4+ T Cells from Human Neonates and Infants Are Poised Spontaneously To Run a Nonclassical IL-4 Program
Authors: Hebel Katrin , Weinert Soenke , Kuropka Benno , Knolle Julienne , Kosak Bernhard , Jorch Gerhard , Arens Christoph , Krause Eberhard , Braun-Dullaeus Ruediger C. , Brunner-Weinzierl Monika C. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Senescence or biological aging impacts a vast variety of molecular and cellular processes. To date, it is unknown whether CD4+ Th cells display an age-dependent bias for development into specific subpopulations. In this study, we show the appearance of a distinct CD4+ T cell subset expressing IL-4 at an early stage of development in infant adenoids and cord blood that is lost during aging. We identified by flow cytometric, fluorescent microscopic, immunoblot, and mass spectrometric analysis a population of CD4+ T cells that expressed an unglycosylated isoform of IL-4. This T cell subpopulation was found in neonatal but not in adult CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, we show that the mRNA of the Th2 master transcription factor GATA3 is preferentially expressed in neonatal CD4+ T cells. The Th2 phenotype of the IL-4+CD4+ T cells could be reinforced in the presence of TGF-β. Although the IL-4+CD4+ T cells most likely originate from CD31+CD4+ T recent thymic emigrants, CD31 was downregulated prior to secretion of IL-4. Notably, the secretion of IL-4 requires a so far unidentified trigger in neonatal T cells. This emphasizes that cytokine expression and secretion are differentially regulated processes. Our data support the hypothesis of an endogenously poised cytokine profile in neonates and suggest a link between cytokine production and the developmental stage of an organism. The determination of the IL-4 isoform–expressing cells in humans might allow the identification of Th2 precursor cells, which could provide novel intervention strategies directed against Th2-driven immunopathologies such as allergies.
NADPH Oxidase Modifies Patterns of MHC Class II–Restricted Epitopic Repertoires through Redox Control of Antigen Processing
Authors: Allan Euan R. O. , Tailor Pankaj , Balce Dale R. , Pirzadeh Payman , McKenna Neil T. , Renaux Bernard , Warren Amy L. , Jirik Frank R. , Yates Robin M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The chemistries within phagosomes of APCs mediate microbial destruction as well as generate peptides for presentation on MHC class II. The antimicrobial effector NADPH oxidase (NOX2), which generates superoxide within maturing phagosomes, has also been shown to regulate activities of cysteine cathepsins through modulation of the lumenal redox potential. Using real-time analyses of lumenal microenvironmental parameters, in conjunction with hydrolysis pattern assessment of phagocytosed proteins, we demonstrated that NOX2 activity not only affects levels of phagosomal proteolysis as previously shown, but also the pattern of proteolytic digestion. Additionally, it was found that NOX2 deficiency adversely affected the ability of bone marrow–derived macrophages, but not dendritic cells, to process and present the I-Ab–immunodominant peptide of the autoantigen myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Computational and experimental analyses indicated that the I-Ab binding region of the immunodominant peptide of MOG is susceptible to cleavage by the NOX2-controlled cysteine cathepsins L and S in a redox-dependent manner. Consistent with these findings, I-Ab mice that were deficient in the p47phox or gp91phox subunits of NOX2 were partially protected from MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and displayed compromised reactivation of MOG-specific CD4+ T cells in the CNS, despite eliciting a normal primary CD4+ T cell response to the inoculated MOG Ag. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the redox microenvironment within the phagosomes of APCs is a determinant in MHC class II repertoire production in a cell-specific and Ag-specific manner, which can ultimately impact susceptibility to CD4+ T cell–driven autoimmune disease processes.
Encouraging Savings Behavior through Conditional Cash Transfers: Lessons from Latin America
Authors: Winkler Gillian M. 
Published: April 2014

Savings, in the form of financial capital held in formal bank accounts, are an important factor in reducing poverty. They can stimulate financial inclusion of the poor, protect against unforeseen shocks, and fund long-term investments in human and economic development. However, the poor have limited options for formal savings. In recent years, governments around the world have begun to incorporate savings into their conditional cash transfer interventions. This paper focuses on such interventions by national and municipal governments in Latin America. While the evidence base is still too small to draw any firm conclusions about short-term benefits or long-term effectiveness, there have been positive outcomes from pilot projects and adapted savings-linked conditional cash transfer programs in some countries. To ensure successful program design and implementation, governments interested in savings-linked conditional cash transfers should make sure to fully assess the political, economic, regulatory, and infrastructural conditions present in their communities.
Authors attain comparable or slightly higher rates of citation publishing in an open access journal (CytoJournal) compared to traditional cytopathology journals - A five year (2007-2011) experience
Authors: Frisch Nora K. , Nathan Romil , Ahmed Yasin K. , Shidham Vinod B. 
Published: April 2014

Background:The era of Open Access (OA) publication, a platform which serves to better disseminate scientific knowledge, is upon us, as more OA journals are in existence than ever before. The idea that peer-reviewed OA publication leads to higher rates of citation has been put forth and shown to be true in several publications. This is a significant benefit to authors and is in addition to another relatively less obvious but highly critical component of the OA charter, i.e. retention of the copyright by the authors in the public domain. In this study, we analyzed the citation rates of OA and traditional non-OA publications specifically for authors in the field of cytopathology.Design:We compared the citation patterns for authors who had published in both OA and traditional non-OA peer-reviewed, scientific, cytopathology journals. Citations in an OA publication (CytoJournal) were analyzed comparatively with traditional non-OA cytopathology journals (Acta Cytologica,Cancer Cytopathology,Cytopathology, andDiagnostic Cytopathology) using the data from web of science citation analysis site (based on which the impact factors (IF) are calculated). After comparing citations per publication, as well as a time adjusted citation quotient (which takes into account the time since publication), we also analyzed the statistics after excluding the data for meeting abstracts.Results:Total 28 authors published 314 publications as articles and meeting abstracts (25 authors after excluding the abstracts). The rate of citation and time adjusted citation quotient were higher for OA in the group where abstracts were included (P< 0.05 for both). The rates were also slightly higher for OA than non-OA when the meeting abstracts were excluded, but the difference was statistically insignificant (P= 0.57 andP= 0.45).ConclusionWe observed that for the same author, the publications in the OA journal attained a higher rate of citation than the publications in the traditional non-OA journals in the field of cytopathology over a 5 year period (2007-2011). However, this increase was statistically insignificant if the meeting abstracts were excluded from the analysis. Overall, the rates of citation for OA and non-OA were slightly higher to comparable.
Cassini nightside observations of the oscillatory motion of Saturn's northern auroral oval
Authors: Bunce E. J. , Grodent D. C. , Jinks S. L. , Andrews D. J. , Badman S. V. , Coates A. J. , Cowley S. W. H. , Dougherty M. K. , Kurth W. S. , Mitchell D. G. , Provan G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn recent years we have benefitted greatly from the first in‐orbit multi‐wavelength images of Saturn's polar atmosphere from the Cassini spacecraft. Specifically, images obtained from the Cassini UltraViolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) provide an excellent view of the planet's auroral emissions, which in turn give an account of the large‐scale magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling and dynamics within the system. However, obtaining near‐simultaneous views of the auroral regions with in situ measurements of magnetic field and plasma populations at high latitudes is more difficult to routinely achieve. Here we present an unusual case, during Revolution 99 in January 2009, where UVIS observes the entire northern UV auroral oval during a 2 h interval while Cassini traverses the magnetic flux tubes connecting to the auroral regions near 21 LT, sampling the related magnetic field, particle, and radio and plasma wave signatures. The motion of the auroral oval evident from the UVIS images requires a careful interpretation of the associated latitudinally “oscillating” magnetic field and auroral field‐aligned current signatures, whereas previous interpretations have assumed a static current system. Concurrent observations of the auroral hiss (typically generated in regions of downward directed field‐aligned current) support this revised interpretation of an oscillating current system. The nature of the motion of the auroral oval evident in the UVIS image sequence, and the simultaneous measured motion of the field‐aligned currents (and related plasma boundary) in this interval, is shown to be related to the northern hemisphere magnetosphere oscillation phase. This is in agreement with previous observations of the auroral oval oscillatory motion.
Diagenetic compaction experiments on simulated anhydrite fault gouge under static conditions
Authors: Pluymakers Anne M. H. , Peach Colin J. , Spiers Christopher J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFaults that crosscut subsurface CO2 storage systems offer potential leakage pathways, especially if fault reactivation and dilation occur. After reactivation, however, newly formed fault gouge is expected to gradually compact and seal as a function of time. To estimate the time scale on which this occurs, the processes that control compaction must be understood. We performed uniaxial compaction experiments on simulated anhydrite fault gouge to investigate the deformation mechanisms that operate under postslip conditions in faulted anhydrite caprocks. This involved constant stress (5–12 MPa) and stress stepping experiments (5/7.5/10 MPa) performed at 80°C, under dry and wet conditions, on fault gouge samples prepared from crushed natural anhydrite sieved into different grain size fractions in the range 20–500 µm. Dry samples showed little to no compaction creep, whereas wet samples (i.e., flooded with presaturated CaSO4 solution) showed rapid compaction. Our mechanical data and microstructural observations on wet samples suggest that for fine grain sizes (<50 µm) and low stresses, gouge compaction is controlled by diffusion‐controlled pressure solution. With increasing grain size and stress, fluid‐assisted subcritical microcracking becomes dominant. Pressurizing solution‐flooded samples with CO2 (15 MPa) led to no significant effect on compaction rates in fine‐grained material, but it decreased compaction rates in coarse samples. Since fine grain sizes are expected in reactivated faults, we infer that pressure solution will dominate in anhydrite (cap)rocks, with extrapolation of our lab data to reservoir conditions suggesting sealing time scales of a few decades.
Rearrangements of Organoselenium and Organotellurium Compounds
Authors: Niyomura Osamu , Murai Toshiaki 
Published: April 2014

This chapter has reviewed two types of rearrangements of compounds involving seleno‐ and tellurocarbonyl groups. First, focus has been laid on the rearrangement of a proton, that is tautomerization. Several types of tautomerizations such as selone/selenol and tellone/tellurol (keto/enol type isomerization), chalcogenocarboxylic acids (selenol/selenoxo and tellurol/telluroxo isomerization), and selenoamidate/selenoimidate and telluroamidate/telluroimidate are described. The seleno‐ and tellurocarbonyl groups have generally been understood to be less stable than the corresponding carbonyl and thiocarbonyl groups. Nevertheless, in many cases, chalcogenoxo forms are readily generated. Intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds also play crucial roles in these tautomerizations. Several theoretical approaches to the tautomerizations are also introduced. Many of them are in accordance with experimental results.
Second, selenium and tellurium versions of Claisen rearrangements are discussed. Seleno‐ and telluro‐ Claisen rearrangements generally precede milder than ordinary rearrangement and the sulfur version. In the rearrangement generating seleno‐ and telluoraldehdyes, these reactive species are trapped with dienes and alkenes. The availability of the rearrangement involving selenoamides and selenotihoic acid S‐esters as synthetic tools has been shown, in particular, for the construction of quaternary carbon centers. Despite these experimental developments, theoretical studies on seleno‐ and telluro‐Claisen rearrangement have yet to be achieved.
Electrochemical Investigations of Organogold Compounds
Authors: Jaworski Jan S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In the first part of the chapter measurements of molar conductivity of title compounds in solutions are reviewed. Such measurements performed under standard conditions, mainly in acetone solutions, were usually used to indicate the type of the electrolyte and the ionic character of the newly synthesized organogold compounds in order to support their structure.
The discussion of oxidation and reduction potentials determined mainly by the cyclic voltammetric method for different classes of organogold compounds, including mononuclear, binuclear and polynuclear gold derivatives, is presented in the second part of the chapter. The effects of the gold oxidation state, molecular structure, interactions between metal and organic moiety as well as between organic ligands on the stability of investigated compounds are mainly considered, as in original papers. However, mechanisms of electrode reactions are also mentioned in a few cases when they were investigated or postulated in original works.
Quantum chemical studies of carbonyl oxide chemistry in combustion and in the lower atmosphere
Authors: Kuwata Keith T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCarbonyl oxides have multiple impacts on the atmosphere and on combustion. This review focuses on what electronic structure calculations, particularly those involvingab initiocomposite methods and density functional theory (DFT), have revealed about carbonyl oxide chemistry in combustion and atmospheric systems. Reliable electronic structure calculations consistently reveal that carbonyl oxides have little diradical character, which means that much of their chemistry can be modeled accurately by single‐reference methods. Computation predicts that carbonyl oxides form in the low‐temperature combustion of ethers, and, given that carbonyl oxides form hydroxyl radical (⋅OH), they likely contribute to chain branching. The atmospheric ozonolysis of acyclic alkenes leads to moderately chemically activated carbonyl oxides, making it necessary to treat both their unimolecular and bimolecular reactions. CCSD(T) calculations with triple‐zeta basis sets and CCSD(T)‐based composite methods can predict aspects of carbonyl oxide chemistry like the yield of⋅OH that agree with experiment, but the accuracy of these predictions also depend on statistical thermodynamic assumptions. DFT predictions regarding carbonyl oxide chemistry are often inaccurate. Recent experimental studies have corroborated the long‐standing quantum chemical prediction that carbonyl oxides with alkyl substituents eithersynorantito the peroxy bond have dramatically different unimolecular and bimolecular reactivity.
Computational Treatments of Peroxy Radicals in Combustion and Atmospheric Reactions
Authors: Kuwata Keith T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAlkylperoxy radicals play critical roles in both combustion and in atmospheric chemistry. This review focuses on what electronic structure calculations, particularly those involvingab initiocomposite methods and density functional theory, have revealed about the mechanisms of important reactions in combustion and atmospheric systems. The formation of alkylperoxy radicals by addition of O2to alkyl radicals usually proceeds without an energy barrier, and the barriers that do exist often must be treated by multireference electronic structure methods to be predicted accurately. In contrast, peroxy radical well depths can be predicted accurately by single‐reference methods, provided that electron correlation is treated at the CCSD(T) or QCISD(T) level with basis sets containing multiple polarization functions. The composite CBS‐QB3 method does particularly well as judged against experimental measurements of carbon‐peroxy bond dissociation enthalpies. CBS‐QB3 also describes atmospheric reactions of alkylperoxy radicals with HO2more accurately than the B3LYP method of density functional theory. Finally, the same single‐reference methods that proved accurate for peroxy radical well depths can also be employed in accurate statistical rate theory models of the unimolecular reactions involved in low‐temperature combustion. Multiple variants of density functional theory have proven considerably less accurate in this regard.
Reactions of Peroxides on Solid Surfaces
Authors: Mello Rossella , González Núñez María Elena 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article describes the different roles that solid surfaces play in heterogeneous reactions involving peroxides, namely, (i) the solid surface interacts with the peroxide in the absence of any other substrate, (ii) the solid surface promotes the reaction activating either the peroxide or the substrate, (iii) the peroxide forms part of the solid active surface, and (iv) the substrate forms part of the active surface. The chapter covers reactions involving peroxides or discrete peroxydic transient species on solid surfaces or at solid–liquid and solid–gas interfaces, and provides general descriptions of different solid materials, details on reaction conditions, and synthetic procedures for solid‐supported reagents.