bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2012 Ferrara seismic sequence: Regional crustal structure, earthquake sources, and seismic hazard
Authors: Malagnini Luca , Herrmann Robert B. , Munafò Irene , Buttinelli Mauro , Anselmi Mario , Akinci Aybige , Boschi E. 
Published: September 2012

Inadequate seismic design codes can be dangerous, particularly when they underestimate the true hazard. In this study we use data from a sequence of moderate‐sized earthquakes in northeast Italy to validate and test a regional wave propagation model which, in turn, is used to understand some weaknesses of the current design spectra. Our velocity model, while regionalized and somewhatad hoc, is consistent with geophysical observations and the local geology. In the 0.02–0.1 Hz band, this model is validated by using it to calculate moment tensor solutions of 20 earthquakes (5.6 ≥ MW ≥ 3.2) in the 2012 Ferrara, Italy, seismic sequence. The seismic spectra observed for the relatively small main shock significantly exceeded the design spectra to be used in the area for critical structures. Observations and synthetics reveal that the ground motions are dominated by long‐duration surface waves, which, apparently, the design codes do not adequately anticipate. In light of our results, the present seismic hazard assessment in the entire Pianura Padana, including the city of Milan, needs to be re‐evaluated.
Coseismic slip on the southern Cascadia megathrust implied by tsunami deposits in an Oregon lake and earthquake‐triggered marine turbidites
Authors: Witter Robert C. , Zhang Yinglong , Wang Kelin , Goldfinger Chris , Priest George R. , Allan Jonathan C. 
Published: September 2012

We test hypothetical tsunami scenarios against a 4,600‐year record of sandy deposits in a southern Oregon coastal lake that offer minimum inundation limits for prehistoric Cascadia tsunamis. Tsunami simulations constrain coseismic slip estimates for the southern Cascadia megathrust and contrast with slip deficits implied by earthquake recurrence intervals from turbidite paleoseismology. We model the tsunamigenic seafloor deformation using a three‐dimensional elastic dislocation model and test three Cascadia earthquake rupture scenarios: slip partitioned to a splay fault; slip distributed symmetrically on the megathrust; and slip skewed seaward. Numerical tsunami simulations use the hydrodynamic finite element model, SELFE, that solves nonlinear shallow‐water wave equations on unstructured grids. Our simulations of the 1700 Cascadia tsunami require >12–13 m of peak slip on the southern Cascadia megathrust offshore southern Oregon. The simulations account for tidal and shoreline variability and must crest the ∼6‐m‐high lake outlet to satisfy geological evidence of inundation. Accumulating this slip deficit requires ≥360–400 years at the plate convergence rate, exceeding the 330‐year span of two earthquake cycles preceding 1700. Predecessors of the 1700 earthquake likely involved >8–9 m of coseismic slip accrued over >260 years. Simple slip budgets constrained by tsunami simulations allow an average of 5.2 m of slip per event for 11 additional earthquakes inferred from the southern Cascadia turbidite record. By comparison, slip deficits inferred from time intervals separating earthquake‐triggered turbidites are poor predictors of coseismic slip because they meet geological constraints for only 4 out of 12 (∼33%) Cascadia tsunamis.
Map view restoration of Aegean–West Anatolian accretion and extension since the Eocene
Authors: van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Schmid Stefan M. 
Published: September 2012

The Aegean region (Greece, western Turkey) is one of the best studied continental extensional provinces. Here, we provide the first detailed kinematic restoration of the Aegean region since 35 Ma. The region consists of stacked upper crustal slices (nappes) that reflect a complex paleogeography. These were decoupled from the subducting African‐Adriatic lithospheric slab. Especially since ∼25 Ma, extensional detachments cut the nappe stack and exhumed its metamorphosed portions in metamorphic core complexes. We reconstruct up to 400 km of trench‐perpendicular (NE‐SW) extension in two stages. From 25 to 15 Ma, the Aegean forearc rotated clockwise relative to the Moesian platform around Euler poles in northern Greece, accommodated by extensional detachments in the north and an inferred transfer fault SE of the Menderes massif. The majority of extension occurred after 15 Ma (up to 290 km) by opposite rotations of the western and eastern parts of the region. Simultaneously, the Aegean region underwent up to 650 km of post‐25 Ma trench‐parallel extension leading to dramatic crustal thinning on Crete. We restore a detachment configuration with the Mid‐Cycladic Lineament representing a detachment that accommodated trench‐parallel extension in the central Aegean region. Finally, we demonstrate that the Sakarya zone and Cretaceous ophiolites of Turkey cannot be traced far into the Aegean region and are likely bounded by a pre‐35 Ma N‐S fault zone. This fault became reactivated since 25 Ma as an extensional detachment located west of Lesbos Island. The paleogeographic units south of the İzmir‐Ankara‐Sava suture, however, can be correlated from Greece to Turkey.
Heparin can liberate high molecular weight DNA from secondary necrotic cells
Authors: Barna Gábor , Sebestyén Anna , Dunai Zsuzsanna A. , Csernus Balázs , Mihalik Rudolf 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe borderline between necrosis and apoptosis is indistinct, but that between types of cell death is important because necrosis may lead to local inflammation, whereas apoptosis usually does not. In certain autoimmune disorders, inhibition of cell death is crucial, since macromolecules released from the dead cells may accelerate the autoimmune processes. We have used various cell death inhibitors to block cell death induced by 4HPR [N‐(4‐hydroxyphenil)‐retinamide] the BL41 and U937 cell lines. VD‐FMK, a general caspase inhibitor, inhibited DNA fragmentation induced by 4HPR, but not PI (propidium iodide) uptake and necrosis. Interestingly heparin, a serine‐protease inhibitor, lowered the PI fluorescence of the dead cell population and increased the sub‐G1 population as measured by flow cytometry. Regarding these changes, we found that heparin failed to increase DNA fragmentation, but merely liberated high molecular mass DNA fragments from dead cells. The exact mechanism is unclear, but heparin during secondary necrosis might enter the cells, bind RNPs (ribonucleoproteins), and pull them out with the attached DNA, where they would be sensitive to enzymatic degradation. Thus, the results suggest that heparin treatment helps in the clearance of cell debris and decreases the immunogenity of secondary necrotic cells.
Armington Elasticities and Induced Industrial Roundwood Specialization in Europe
Authors: Lundmark Robert , Shahrammehr Shima 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We estimate Armington elasticities for industrial roundwood in eight European countries for the period 1961–2007, and analyze how the estimated elasticities change over time. Results indicate increasing differentiation between domestic and imported volumes during the first half of the time period. However, for the latter half, a decreasing degree of specialization is observed. A plausible explanation is the removal of trade barriers during development of the internal European market. This trend of decreasing specialization is arguably going to continue in the future. For instance, the technical feasibility of using more heterogeneous feed-stock in the paper industry is increasing. Moreover, energy and climate policy is stimulating the use of wood as fuel in the energy sector. These changes in technology and new uses might further decrease the differentiation between domestic and imported industrial roundwood.
Health‐related quality of life and symptoms in patients with experiences of health problems related to dental restorative materials
Authors: Naimi‐Akbar Aron , Svedberg Pia , Alexanderson Kristina , Carlstedt‐Duke Bodil , Ekstrand Jan , Englund Gunilla Sandborgh 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe question of health risks associated with dental materials, especially dental amalgam, has long been controversial and remains unresolved. For the past 10 years, people in Sweden with perceived adverse reactions to dental restorative materials have been entitled to apply to their local county council for subsidized replacement of restorative materials. The aim of the study was to investigate symptoms, perceived health changes over time and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in this population, comprising subjects with subjective health impairment, allegedly because of dental materials. A further aim was to compare their HRQoL with that of the general population.MethodsA comprehensive questionnaire was sent to 515 people who had applied for subsidized replacement of dental restorations. The questionnaire covered general and oral symptoms, HRQoL, health ratings over time and dental restoration replacement.ResultsThe response rate was 54.4% (n = 280). Most (83.2%) answered that they had undergone replacement of restorative materials because of impaired health, perceived to be related to dental restorative materials. The most common symptoms were musculoskeletal pain (67.5%), sleep disturbance (60.0%) and fatigue (58.6%). The HRQoL of the study subjects was significantly lower than that of the Swedish population in general.ConclusionsSubjects who had undergone subsidized dental restoration replacement reported persistent subjective symptoms and low HRQoL. The results indicate that replacement of restorative materials alone is insufficient to achieve improved health in patients with symptoms allegedly attributable to dental restorations.
Short implants with a nanometer‐sized CaP surface provided with either a platform‐switched or platform‐matched abutment connection in the posterior region: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Telleman G. , Meijer H. J. A. , Vissink A. , Raghoebar G. M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the performance of short nanorough implants (8.5 mm in length) provided with either a platform‐matched or a platform‐switched implant–abutment connection, placed in the resorbed posterior region of partially dentate patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 149 implants with a dual‐acid surface and a discrete crystalline deposition of nanometer‐sized CaP particles, with either a platform‐matched (control) or a platform‐switched implant–abutment connection (test) were placed (randomly assigned) in 92 patients. Follow‐up visits were conducted 1 month and 1 year after placing the implant crown. Outcome measures were implant survival, radiographic peri‐implant bone loss, clinical parameters, and patient's satisfaction.ResultsOne year after loading, 6 of 76 implants in the control group (survival 92.1%) and 3 of 73 implants in the test group (survival 95.9%) were lost (P = 0.33). Radiographic bone loss around test implants (0.50 ± 0.53 mm) was significantly less than around control implants (0.74 ± 0.61 mm; P < 0.005). With regard to implant survival, clinical parameters, and patient's satisfaction, no significant differences were observed between test and control group.ConclusionsFor teeth replacements in the resorbed posterior region of partially dentate patients, short implants with a platform‐switched implant–abutment connection showed significantly less peri‐implant bone loss after 1 year in function, while implant survival, clinical parameters, and patient's satisfaction were independent of the implant–abutment connection design.
Buccal bone remodeling after tooth extraction using the flapless approach with and without synthetic bone grafting. A histomorphometric study in dogs
Authors: Suaid Flávia , Grisi Márcio F. M. , Souza Sérgio L. S. , Palioto Daniela B. , Taba Mário , Novaes Arthur B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate buccal bone remodeling of fresh sockets following tooth extraction using the flapless approach, with or without synthetic graft materials.Material and MethodsEight dogs had the mandibular bicuspids extracted without flaps, and two alveoli on each side (total of 4) were selected. The following groups were devised: one socket on each side received a grafting material (test group), and the other remained only with a blood clot (control group). Ground sections were prepared from 12‐week healing biopsies, and histomorphometry was performed.ResultsThe buccal crest level (BCL) relative to the new bone (i), in the test group, showed numerically better data when compared with the control group, but without statistical relevance. The BCL relative to the old bone (ii) was very similar for the groups without statistical relevance. The alveolar ridge width (ARW) showed similar results without statistically significant difference between the groups. The total bone area (TBA) showed statistically significant differences between the test (38.60%) and control (47.18%) groups. The new bone area (NBA) presents a numerical difference between the test (15.62%) and control (22.24%), but without statistically significant differences. The old bone and the bone marrow were similar for both groups.ConclusionIt was observed that there was no loss of the buccal bone crest in relation to the lingual bone crest, especially in the test group.
Does Corporate Governance Quality Lend Credibility to Open‐Market Share Repurchase Announcements?
Authors: Wu Ruei‐Shian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueLow‐quality firms may use share repurchase announcements to send a false or conflicting message regarding firm value to the capital market. This study examines whether firm‐level corporate governance mechanisms can alleviate this mimicking behavior by affecting managers' buyback behavior following open‐market share repurchase announcements. I further investigate the extent to which differences in corporate governance affect the changes in insider shareholdings and the degree of information content provided in repurchase announcements.Research Findings/InsightsUsing unique archival data from Taiwan, I find that the capital market reaction to share repurchases announced for the purpose of signaling undervaluation is more favorable for firms with quality corporate governance. The increasing post‐repurchase insider shareholdings confirm the credibility of repurchase announcements for firms with better corporate governance. The buyback outcome subsequent to repurchase announcements is affected by internal corporate governance mechanisms. Furthermore, external monitoring factors, such as having Big Four accounting firms as auditors, listing requirements, and regulatory preset buyback price ranges, also determine the execution rate of repurchase programs.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe signaling hypothesis, the leading hypothesis on open‐market share repurchases, suggests that low‐quality firms may engage in mimicking behavior to send a false signal regarding firm value when the signal cost is low. This study provides insight regarding the impacts of firm‐level corporate governance structures on the signaling effects of repurchase announcements, the subsequent insider shareholdings, and the completion of repurchase programs. In addition, this study is the first to analyze the influence of corporate governance mechanisms on the degree of information content in open‐market share repurchase announcements.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study suggests that higher quality corporate governance mechanisms lend credibility to a firm's open‐market share repurchase announcement, which is also noteworthy in assessing the wealth effect of the repurchase announcements on shareholder value. Moreover, the findings suggest that buyback regulations (e.g., preset buyback price ceiling and floor) in Taiwan influence managers' buyback decisions.
Using space‐for‐time substitution and time sequence approaches in invasion ecology
Authors: THOMAZ SIDINEI M. , AGOSTINHO ANGELO A. , GOMES LUIZ C. , SILVEIRA MÁRCIO J. , REJMÁNEK MARCEL , ASLAN CLARE E. , CHOW ELAINE 
Published: September 2012

Summary1. Invasion biologists use two main approaches to evaluate the effects of non‐native species (NNS) on diversity of native species (DNS), namely space‐for‐time and time approaches. These approaches have pitfalls related to lack of controls: the former lacks pre‐invasion data, while the latter often lacks data from non‐invaded sites.2. We propose a framework that combines space‐for‐time and time approaches and which should result in more focused mechanistic hypotheses and experiments to test the causes of invasibility and the effects of NNS on DNS. We illustrate the usefulness of our framework using two case studies: one with the submersed macrophyte,Hydrilla verticillata, in reservoir and the other with the fish,Geophagus proximus, in a large river–floodplain system.3. Hydrilla verticillatainvaded sites with DNS similar to that found in non‐invaded sites, indicating that biotic and/or abiotic factors did not influence invasion success; however, DNS increased over time in invaded sites compared with non‐invaded sites, suggesting thatH. verticillatafacilitated natives. In contrast,G. proximusinvaded sites with higher DNS than non‐invaded sites, suggesting that biotic and/or abiotic factors favouring natives were important for invasion success, but DNS increased in invaded and non‐invaded sites over time, indicating that an independent factor contributed to DNS increases.4. Conclusions from both studies would have been inaccurate or incomplete if the space‐for‐time and time approaches had not been used in combination as proposed in our framework.
Regional species richness, hydrological characteristics and the local species richness of assemblages of North American stream fishes
Authors: NIU SOPHIA QIAN , FRANCZYK MICHAEL P. , KNOUFT JASON H. 
Published: September 2012

Summary1. Local assemblage structure, from a deterministic perspective, is presumably dictated by the regional species pool as well as regulated by local factors. We examined the relationships of the regional species pool and local hydrological characteristics to local species richness of North American freshwater fishes using data sets collected during the National Water Quality Assessment program conducted by the United States Geological Survey.2. We predicted that local species richness is ultimately constrained by the composition of the regional species pool and further associated with local hydrological factors. Moreover, we predicted that variation in local species richness within major families can be explained by different combinations of hydrological characteristics that represent lineage‐specific responses to the environment.3. Daily discharge and regional and local species richness data were assembled from 41 stream localities across the United States. Multiple stepwise regressions were conducted to predict local species richness, based on regional species richness, mean discharge and hydrological characteristics quantified by nine variables characterising flow variability. Species richness at each site was calculated for the entire assemblage as well as within the four most species‐rich families in the data set (Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae and Percidae).4. Local species richness was best predicted by a combination of regional species richness and discharge magnitude when all species were considered. Regional species richness was a significant explanatory variable of local species richness for three of four families (Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae), but not for Percidae. Local richness in Centrarchidae and Cyprinidae was positively correlated with temporal flow variability as well as high and low flow duration, respectively, while richness in Catostomidae and Percidae tended to be associated with discharge volume. In addition, local species richness for three of the four major families was positively correlated with species richness of the other families in the assemblage, potentially suggesting the influence of local habitat quality and heterogeneity.5. Results suggest the importance of the combined influences of the regional species pool and local hydrological characteristics on local richness in freshwater fishes, with variation in richness within each family predicted by different characteristics of flow regimes.
Influence of food‐web structure on the biodegradability of lake sediment
Authors: HARRAULT LOÏC , ALLARD BEATRICE , DANGER MICHAEL , MAUNOURY‐DANGER FLORENCE , GUILPART ALEXIS , LACROIX GERARD 
Published: September 2012

Summary1. Sediment plays a key role in internal nutrient cycling and eutrophication in lakes. However, studies focusing on the efficiency of the biomanipulation techniques for improving the control of primary producers have rarely examined the effects of changes in food‐web structure on the sediment biochemical composition and biodegradability.2. In a 1‐year experiment conducted in large replicated mesocosms, we tested how the absence or presence of a zooplanktivorous fish (roach, Rutilus rutilus) affected the elemental composition and the potential biodegradability of recently deposited sediment in a eutrophic system. The potential biodegradability of these sediments was assessed in laboratory microcosms by measuring the production of CO2 during 44‐day incubations.3. The potential biodegradability of recently deposited sediment from the fish treatment was 60% higher than that from the fishless treatment. This higher biodegradability was corroborated by a higher annual loss of sediment in fish enclosures (36%) than in fishless ones (16%). Annual losses of carbon, nitrogen and organic phosphorous were higher for sediment from fish enclosures.4. Carbon and nitrogen contents of sediment were higher for the fish treatment. In contrast, the sediment C/N ratio, one of the proxies used to estimate sediment biodegradability, did not differ between treatments. No relationship was observed between elemental composition of sediment and its potential biodegradability. This latter appeared to be more probably dependent on the biochemical composition of the sediment and especially on the content of labile compounds such as proteins, sugars and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The use of sterols as biomarkers revealed an important degradation by microorganisms of 1‐year‐old sediment from both fish and fishless treatments.5. Our results revealed that fish biomanipulations might favour clear water states not only through a stronger top–down control on phytoplankton but also through a lower biodegradability of sediment reducing internal nutrient cycling.