bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteinuria and sirolimus after renal transplantation: a retrospective analysis from a large German multicenter database
Authors: Naik Marcel G. , Heller Katharina M. , Arns Wolfgang , Budde Klemens , Diekmann Fritz , Eitner Frank , Fischereder Michael , Goßmann Jan , Heyne Nils , Morath Christian , Riester Udo , Gwinner Wilfried , Jürgensen Jan Steffen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe German Sirolimus Study Group has established a database among 10 transplant centers throughout Germany to study the outcomes in 726 renal transplant patients being converted to a sirolimus‐containing therapy between 2000 and 2008 with a total of more than 1500 recorded patient years on therapy. In this study, we present a detailed description of the cohort, of characteristic changes over the observation period, proteinuria and graft survival, and new‐onset proteinuria after conversion. Over the study period, age, graft function at the time of conversion, and the proportion of patients switched to sirolimus because of malignancy increased, whereas the proportion of patients with significant proteinuria at conversion decreased. Already modest proteinuria (151–268 mg/L) at conversion and new‐onset proteinuria (>500 mg/L) after conversion were associated with inferior graft survival. Even mild proteinuria (>71 mg/L) at conversion was associated with new‐onset proteinuria (>500 mg/L) post‐conversion. Serum creatinine and urinary protein excretion at conversion together with age at transplantation had a significant impact on patient and graft survival. This large data set confirms and extends previous observations that proteinuria is an important indicator for graft outcome after conversion to sirolimus. We conclude that patients without any proteinuria have the greatest benefit from conversion to sirolimus.
Identification and expression profiling of Spodoptera litura OR18, a gene with a potential role in olfactory recognition
Authors: Zheng Kaidi , Lin Xinda , Du Yongjun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe full‐length cDNA of the gene SlituOR18, encoding a candidate olfactory receptor in the antennae of the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae), was identified through homology cloning strategies using RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) and PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The protein of SlituOR18 shared >80% sequence identity and the same seven transmembrane domains with other olfactory receptor 18 (OR18) proteins sequenced from noctuid moths. SlituOR18 also had a similar structure to SlituORco, encoding the olfactory co‐receptor in S. litura. The sequence between transmembrane segments IV and V was longer than other sequences between transmembrane segments, and the N‐terminus was intracytoplasmic. Analysis by qRT‐PCR showed SlituOR18 was predominantly expressed in adult moths and there was higher expression in female antennae than in male antennae. Weak expression of SlituOR18 was observed in eggs and no expression was observed in the antennae of fourth instars and 5‐day‐old pupae. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that expression of these receptor types was clearly restricted to the bases of trichodea‐type olfactory sensilla (sensillum trichodeum), that are known to contain neurons sensitive to food odor or pheromones. Our data demonstrated that both SlituORco and SlituOR18 showed diurnal changes in their relative expression level. Expression of SlituOR18 varied among geographic populations of S. litura that had been trapped in the field using synthetic pheromone lures. The mRNA expression level of SlituOR18 was similar among S. litura populations from Sichuan, Guangxi, and Hunan, and higher than in populations from Shanghai and Ningbo. We suggest that OR18 could play a critical role in olfaction in noctuid moths and is a potential target for novel pest management strategies in the future.
Effects of predation risk and plant resistance on Manduca sexta caterpillar feeding behaviour and physiology
Authors: THALER JENNIFER S. , CONTRERAS HEIDY , DAVIDOWITZ GOGGY 
Published: December 2013

Because predation risk typically alters how prey forage for food, interactions between predation risk and food availability are commonly found. Less is known about how host plant quality and predation risk interact to affect prey behaviour and physiology.
Using the caterpillar, Manduca sexta, and its predator, Podisus maculiventris, the effects of predation risk and host plant quality on caterpillar feeding, growth, assimilation efficiency, and resting metabolic rate were tested.
Overall, caterpillars on low‐resistance tomato plants (jasmonate‐insensitive) gained 14% more mass than caterpillars on high‐resistance plants (wild‐type tomato). On low‐resistance plants, the presence of predators caused caterpillars to eat 32% less, but they gained the same mass as unthreatened caterpillars (i.e. a 19% increase in assimilation efficiency). In addition, caterpillars showed a 17% increase in resting metabolic rate in the presence of predators. On high‐resistance plants, predation risk caused a decrease in feeding, but did not alter assimilation efficiency or resting metabolic rate.
The reduction in physiological responses to predation risk on high‐ versus low‐resistance plants demonstrates a tradeoff between the ability to respond to predation risk and the ability to grow, especially on well‐defended plants.
Site‐specific regulation of adult neurogenesis by dietary fatty acid content, vitamin E and flight exercise in European starlings
Authors: Hall Zachary J. , Bauchinger Ulf , Gerson Alexander R. , Price Edwin R. , Langlois Lillie A. , Boyles Michelle , Pierce Barbara , McWilliams Scott R. , Sherry David F. , MacDougall‐Shackleton Scott A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractExercise is known to have a strong effect on neuroproliferation in mammals ranging from rodents to humans. Recent studies have also shown that fatty acids and other dietary supplements can cause an upregulation of neurogenesis. It is not known, however, how exercise and diet interact in their effects on adult neurogenesis. We examined neuronal recruitment in multiple telencephalic sites in adult male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) exposed to a factorial combination of flight exercise, dietary fatty acids and antioxidants. Experimental birds were flown in a wind tunnel following a training regime that mimicked the bird's natural flight behaviour. In addition to flight exercise, we manipulated the composition of dietary fatty acids and the level of enrichment with vitamin E, an antioxidant reported to enhance neuronal recruitment. We found that all three factors – flight exercise, fatty acid composition and vitamin E enrichment – regulate neuronal recruitment in a site‐specific manner. We also found a robust interaction between flight training and vitamin E enrichment at multiple sites of neuronal recruitment. Specifically, flight training was found to enhance neuronal recruitment across the telencephalon, but only in birds fed a diet with a low level of vitamin E. Conversely, dietary enrichment with vitamin E upregulated neuronal recruitment, but only in birds not flown in the wind tunnel. These findings indicate conserved modulation of adult neurogenesis by exercise and diet across vertebrate taxa and indicate possible therapeutic interventions in disorders characterized by reduced adult neurogenesis.
The learning profile of persistent mild cognitive impairment (MCI): a potential diagnostic marker of persistent amnestic MCI
Authors: Klekociuk S. Z. , Summers M. J. 
Published: December 2013

Background and purposePrevious research examining mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has highlighted the heterogeneity of outcome in MCI sufferers. MCI is associated with greater risk of progression to dementia; however, a substantial proportion of those identified with MCI have alternative outcomes including recovery to unimpaired status. This heterogeneity may in part reflect insufficient sensitivity and specificity in identifying subclinical memory impairment.MethodThe present study examined learning in a sample of 109 adults aged 61–91 years with persistent amnestic MCI, persistent non‐amnestic MCI, recovered MCI and healthy controls. At the final assessment point, learning for words recalled across each trial of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test was examined for each group.ResultsIt was found that persistent amnestic MCI participants displayed significantly lower learning compared with recovered MCI and healthy control groups.DiscussionThe results of this study indicated that poor learning across trials may be a defining feature of persistent amnestic MCI. Further research is required to establish the predictive utility of within trial list learning performance to identify individuals with persistent and progressive variants of MCI.
Top‐down and bottom‐up control of periphyton by benthivorous fish and light supply in two streams
Authors: Winkelmann Carola , Schneider Jana , Mewes Daniela , Schmidt Susanne I. , Worischka Susanne , Hellmann Claudia , Benndorf Jürgen 
Published: December 2013

Summary

We conducted a paired large‐scale predation experiment over 32 months in two streams being seasonally shaded by deciduous riparian trees, using the benthivorous fish species gudgeon (Gobio gobio) and stone loach (Barbatula barbatula) as top predators. The biomass of benthic grazers and periphyton in the presence/absence of fish was measured and the periphyton production was compared with the consumption rates using a model‐based approach.

A three‐level trophic cascade from benthivorous fish via benthic grazers to periphyton was evident from the field experiment. Integrated over the whole study period, fish reduced the biomass of benthic grazers and indirectly increased the periphyton biomass.

Scenario analyses, using a simple dynamic model, indicated top‐down control of periphyton to be strongest during autumn, when periphyton growth was light‐limited, and weaker in the spring, when periphyton growth was not light‐limited. The seasonal light supply variation was caused by shading due to deciduous riparian trees during the vegetation period.

This asymmetry in temporal processes weakened the top‐down control in a natural benthic community. Even though grazer biomass is naturally reduced in summer, due to the emergence of the most abundant species (mayflies), a grazer biomasses high enough to reduce the spring periphyton peak could not be sustained by the low summer periphyton growth.

We suppose that the temporal decoupling of grazer biomass from periphyton biomass might be caused by the very short generation time of the primary producers (days) compared with the long generation time of the primary consumers (mostly 1 year).
Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast: clinicopathological review of 47 cases
Authors: Khoury Thaer , Karabakhtsian Rouzan G , Mattson David , Yan Li , Syriac Susanna , Habib Fadi , Liu Song , Desouki Mohamed M 
Published: December 2013

AimsPleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ (PLCIS) of the breast is a distinctive entity, but its behaviour and management are unclear. The purpose of this study was to review a relatively large number of cases and to evaluate the risk of recurrence.Methods and resultsCases of PLCIS (n = 47) from a 12‐year period were reviewed. The clinical, radiological and pathological findings were recorded. Immunohistochemistry for oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 was performed. Thirty‐one patients had no concurrent breast cancer or past history of breast cancer, and six (19.4%) of these had local recurrence; all tumours (four invasive carcinoma and two PLCIS) were ipsilateral. Younger age at presentation was a risk factor for local recurrence: patients with recurrence had a mean age (range) of 52.5 years (44–59 years), versus 60.6 years (40–81 years) for those without (P = 0.03). Three of 31 patients were treated with radiation therapy (RT), and none of these developed local recurrence. PLCIS had an adverse ER/PR/HER2 molecular profile, with at least 41.2% of the cases overexpressing HER2. Moreover, at least 11.7% of the cases were triple‐negative.ConclusionsThis study included the largest number of patients who had no concurrent breast cancer or past history of breast cancer with the longest clinical follow‐up, providing insights into management practices for PLCIS and the risk of recurrence.
Differential activation of CD57‐defined natural killer cell subsets during recall responses to vaccine antigens
Authors: White Matthew J. , Nielsen Carolyn M. , McGregor Reuben H. C. , Riley Eleanor M. , Goodier Martin R. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryNatural killer (NK) cells contribute to the effector phase of vaccine‐induced adaptive immune responses, secreting cytokines and releasing cytotoxic granules. The proportion of responding NK cells varies between individuals and by vaccine, suggesting that functionally discrete subsets of NK cells with different activation requirements may be involved. Here, we have used responses to individual components of the DTP vaccine [tetanus toxoid (TT), diphtheria toxoid (DT), whole cell inactivated pertussis] to characterize the NK cell subsets involved in interleukin‐2‐dependent recall responses. Culture with TT, DT or pertussis induced NK cell CD25 expression and interferon‐γ production in previously vaccinated individuals. Responses were the most robust against whole cell pertussis, with responses to TT being particularly low. Functional analysis of discrete NK cell subsets revealed that transition from CD56bright to CD56dim correlated with increased responsiveness to CD16 cross‐linking, whereas increasing CD57 expression correlated with a loss of responsiveness to cytokines. A higher frequency of CD56dim CD57− NK cells expressed CD25 and interferon‐γ following stimulation with vaccine antigen compared with CD56dim CD57+ NK cells and made the largest overall contribution to this response. CD56dim CD57int NK cells represent an intermediate functional phenotype in response to vaccine‐induced and receptor‐mediated stimuli. These findings have implications for the ability of NK cells to contribute to the effector response after vaccination and for vaccine‐induced immunity in older individuals.
Encouraging patients to self‐care – the preliminary development and validation of the VeLUSET©, a self‐efficacy tool for venous leg ulcer patients, aged 60 years and over
Authors: Brown Annemarie , Kendall Sally , Flanagan Madeleine , Cottee Michaela 
Published: December 2013

AbstractVenous leg ulceration has a high recurrence rate. Patients with healed or frequently recurring venous ulceration are required to perform self‐care behaviours to prevent recurrence or promote healing, but evidence suggests that many find these difficult to perform. Bandura's self‐efficacy theory is a widely used and robust behaviour change model and underpins many interventions designed to promote self‐care in a variety of chronic conditions. By identifying areas where patients may experience difficulty in performing self‐care, interventions can be developed to strengthen their self‐efficacy beliefs in performing these activities successfully. There are currently a variety of self‐efficacy scales available to measure self‐efficacy in a variety of conditions; but not a disease‐specific scale for use with venous ulcer patients. The aim of this study, therefore, was to develop and validate a disease‐specific, patient‐focused self‐efficacy scale for patients with healed venous leg ulceration. This scale will need further validation studies; however, it is ready for use in clinical practice and will enable practitioners to identify those patients who may need additional support in performing self‐care activities to prevent recurrence.
e‐ageing: Development and evaluation of a flexible online geriatric medicine educational resource for diverse learners
Authors: Watson Natasha , Massarotto Alicia , Caputo Lisa , Flicker Leon , Beer Christopher 
Published: December 2013

AimsTo determine preferred content and format for online education modules in aged care among inter‐professional learners; to develop resources that meet user preferences.MethodsStakeholders were interviewed. A survey was administered to all health/medical students and teachers at The University of Western Australia. An iterative process was used to develop modules, and user feedback was collated.ResultsThe educational needs of each discipline related primarily to foundation level knowledge in major aged care topics. Stakeholders sought modules incorporating communication skills, cultural and social issues and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to aged care. Students from all disciplines sought online materials that are interactive, engaging, case‐based and locally relevant. Online modules were developed. Evaluation of the modules by users has been strongly positive.ConclusionThere was consensus regarding the major curricular areas that online resources should encompass. The e‐ageing modules developed in this project have been evaluated positively by users.
Effective Thermal Conductivity of Soda‐Lime Silicate Glassmelts with Different Iron Contents Between 1100°C and 1500°C
Authors: Pilon Laurent , Janos Filip , Kitamura Rei 
Published: December 2013

This study presents a simple method for retrieving the effective thermal conductivity of semitransparent glassmelts from measured temperature profiles. Effective thermal conductivity of molten glass at high temperature is an important thermophysical property that affects the glassmelting and forming processes and thus the quality of the final glass products. In semitransparent glassmelts, heat is transferred by both conduction and radiation. In the limiting case of optically thick glassmelts, typically featuring high iron content, thermal radiation can be treated as a diffusion process. The total heat flux can be expressed as the sum of a phononic and a radiative heat fluxes based on Fourier's law. For weakly absorbing glassmelts, the temperature profile may be strongly nonlinear particularly neat container walls due to the contribution from emission and absorption. Steady‐state measurement techniques, such as the linear heat flux method, have been developed to measure glassmelt effective thermal conductivity at high temperatures. However, they typically use only three temperatures measurements and assume linear temperature profile in the glassmelt. The new retrieval method addresses these drawbacks particularly for weakly absorbing glassmelts featuring nonlinear temperature profiles. It is demonstrated with experimental data collected for soda‐lime silicate glasses with iron content ranging from 0.008 to 1.1 wt% and temperatures between 1100°C and 1550°C.
Towards environmentally responsible nursing: a critical interpretive synthesis
Authors: Kangasniemi Mari , Kallio Hanna , Pietilä Anna‐Maija 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimTo provide a synthesis of studies on the environmental issues in nursing.BackgroundInterest in the environmental issues affecting health sciences has been increasing in recent decades. Health care is one of the largest publicly provided services and it share of the environmental burden is high. Nurses play an important role in environmental health issues as they are the largest group of healthcare staff and are most directly connected to the use of energy and materials. Despite this, previous studies on nurses' roles in environmental issues have been presented in a relatively fragmented way.Design and data sourcesSystematic literature searches of peer‐reviewed papers published between 2002–2012 were carried out using the CINAHL, Science Direct and PubMed electronic databases.Review methodCritical interpretive synthesis was then undertaken to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic.ResultsEleven studies were included. Based on our synthesis, environmentally responsible nursing can be identified in relation to the: (1) theoretical framework; (2) background arguments; (3) role of responsible stakeholders; and (4) targets of environmental management. A fifth element: (5) tools for practical environmental responsibility, was also presented.ConclusionAwareness of environmental issues is starting to encourage nursing services to seek sustainable practices. Nurses themselves are naturally in a key position to promote and develop environmentally responsible nursing. Environmentally responsible nursing helps to promote healthy environmental practices. It also reduces undesirable practices that can burden the environment and have a negative impact on health.
Deregulated microRNAs in CD4+ T cells from individuals with latent tuberculosis versus active tuberculosis
Authors: Fu Yurong , Yi Zhengjun , Li Jianhua , Li Ruifang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe mechanisms of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection remain elusive. Roles of microRNA (miRNA) have been highlighted in pathogen–host interactions recently. To identify miRNAs involved in the immune response to TB, expression profiles of miRNAs in CD4+ T cells from patients with latent TB, active TB and healthy controls were investigated by microarray assay and validated by RT‐qPCR. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were used to analyse the significant functions and involvement in signalling pathways of the differentially expressed miRNAs. To identify potential target genes for miR‐29, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) mRNA expression was measured by RT‐qPCR. Our results showed that 27 miRNAs were deregulated among the three groups. RT‐qPCR results were generally consistent with the microarray data. We observed an inverse correlation between miR‐29 level and IFN‐γ mRNA expression in CD4+ T cells. GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the possible target genes of deregulated miRNAs were significantly enriched in mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling pathway, focal adhesion and extracellular matrix receptor interaction, which might be involved in the transition from latent to active TB. In all, for the first time, our study revealed that some miRNAs in CD4+ T cells were altered in latent and active TB. Function and pathway analysis highlighted the possible involvement of miRNA‐deregulated mRNAs in TB. The study might help to improve understanding of the relationship between miRNAs in CD4+ T cells and TB, and laid an important foundation for further identification of the underlying mechanisms of latent TB infection and its reactivation.