bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prácticas de evaluación desde la implementación de los nuevos programas de estudio en la asignatura de inglés: el caso de la DREC en Costa Rica
Authors: Alvarado Barboza Marco Antonio 
Published: July 2024

En el 2017 el Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica (MEP) inició la implementación de los nuevos programas de estudio de inglés enfocados en el Action Oriented Approach (Enfoque Orientado a la Acción) en el nivel de primer grado, los cuales terminó de implementar en el nivel de sexto grado en el 2022. Un aspecto fundamental para el éxito de los nuevos programas son las prácticas de evaluación que se realizan a las personas estudiantes. Por esta razón, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir las prácticas de evaluación implementadas por las personas docentes de primer ciclo de la asignatura de inglés en centros educativos de primaria de la Dirección Regional de Educación de Cartago (DREC) del MEP. Para realizar el estudio se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo no experimental bajo un diseño transeccional descriptivo, utilizando como técnica un cuestionario en línea enviado a una muestra de 50 docentes de la DREC. Una vez obtenida la información, se analizó mediante la estadística descriptiva utilizando las medidas de tendencia central y la distribución de frecuencia y porcentaje de los datos aportados y se obtuvieron como conclusiones principales que la técnica de evaluación diagnóstica más utilizada es la observación, la técnica de evaluación formativa más utilizada fue el aprendizaje cooperativo y en el caso de la evaluación sumativa, la prueba escrita. Además, las técnicas implementadas por las personas participantes, en los diferentes momentos del proceso de evaluación, pueden ser efectivas, pero a su vez se enmarcan en las técnicas tradicionales de evaluación. Se carece de innovación y, a su vez, genera la duda de si en realidad las técnicas se han aplicado efectivamente. Finalmente, se recomienda la capacitación a las personas docentes participantes sobre técnicas de evaluación innovadoras y su correcta aplicación, así como el seguimiento y apoyo constante por parte de la asesoría de la DREC.
Resonancia. Una sociología de la relación con el mundo, de Harmut Rosa (Alexis E. Gros, Trad.), 2020, Katz, 592 p.
Authors: Ramírez Echeverri Juan David 
Published: July 2024

Resonancia. Una sociología de la relación con el mundo es un libro ambicioso con el que Hartmut Rosa, retomando una obra anterior suya (Alienación y aceleración, 2016), presenta un balance negativo de la modernidad, en el sentido de que, en lugar de las promesas de progreso y perfectibilidad de la Ilustración, nos encontramos con un mundo en el que predomina una vida carente de sentido, con los consiguientes sentimientos de apatía, tristeza, angustia y desesperación. Como una alternativa frente al estado y el sentimiento de alienación que engloba lo anterior, Rosa plantea la posibilidad de un relacionamiento distinto con el mundo, con los otros y con nosotros mismos, a partir de la sistemática elaboración del concepto de resonancia.
El giro ético y el problema de la vida buena en la última generación de la teoría crítica
Authors: Correa Agurto Camilo G. 
Published: July 2024

En este artículo se examinan las teorías inscritas en el denominado giro ético de la teoría crítica, iniciado por Honneth con su teoría del reconocimiento y continuado por Rosa y Jaeggi con sus respectivas concepciones de una sociología de la vida buena en la forma de la resonancia y una concepción dialéctico-pragmática de los procesos de emancipación de las formas de vida. El propósito principal es distinguir el lugar de la dimensión ético-afectiva de la vida buena, respecto de las tradiciones normativas ético-abstinentes, orientadas más bien por un concepto de justicia.
Macular thickness comparison in type II diabetic patients using optical coherence tomography: A case control study
Authors: Dubey Gaurav , Pradhan Nitesh , Ranjan Ravi , Ali Jamshed , Sharma Pratik , Pal Shamit , Kamat Om Shankar 
Published: July 2024

A case control approach was done in which the primary outcome was to measure and to compare detect any significant changes in the macular thickness of normal controls Versus Type II diabetic patients or with their subgroups of with and without diabetic retinopathy and a secondary outcome to correlate the visual acuity of distance and near with central macular thickness. Two hundred ten study subjects were included in this case-control study has been conducted over a pool of overall 210 participants were further divided into 7 groups such as normal controls, no diabetic retinopathy, mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, clinically significant macular edema was taken and each group having 30 patients (60 eyes in each group) using spectral-domain - OCT. Selected participants enrolled using sampling size (n = k{Z+Z}× {s+s}/d) and confidence interval being capped at 95%. An automated algorithm of OCT scanned the central retinal region having a variable thickness in three concentric circles primary central circle 1 mm of the macula. Four major quadrants (superior, nasal, inferior, temporal) was scanned from center (1mm) to inner (3 mm) and an outer circle (6 mm). To evaluate the result, overall 210 participants with each group having 30 patients in 7 groups (mean age 54.54 ± 9.67 years) were analyzed by one way ANOVA and independent sampling T-test method. The results were evenly distributed in terms of gender-wise sampling, duration/severity of the disease, and changes in visual acuity. A substantially increased macular thickness (p &#60;0.05) was observed among severe forms of diabetic retinopathy compared with the control group. This study conclude that the there is an increased in the macular thickness of all quadrants especially in PDR and CSME group which may be masked by changes in vascular permeability triggering thickening of the retinal layers from early to severe diabetic changes of the macula, using optical coherence tomography for diabetic patients Type II with and without diabetic retinopathy. Although central macular thickness and Log Mar visual acuity distance as well as near are moderately strong correlated.
Combined intraocular and oculofacial surgeries
Authors: Rambhatla Saptagirish , Bagde Srushti , Shashidhar VS  , Mujeeb Samya , Maurya Rajendra P 
Published: July 2024

: Traditionally, a ‘combined surgery’ for ophthalmologists includes combined cataract extraction with other intraocular surgeries. However, literature is lacking on oculofacial procedures (eyelid, brow lift and facial surgery) combined with cataract extraction. : With this study, we aim to analyse the possibility and feasibility of simultaneous cataract and Oculoplastic procedures. Patients with operable cataracts and non-infective oculoplastic lesions, consenting to undergo simultaneous procedures were included in the study. We performed combined cataract and oculoplastic procedures in 122 patients, out of which 53 were males and 69 were females, 73 were ipsilateral and 49 contralateral eyes. The postoperative follow-up period was 1 month. We did not note any hemorrhage/ hematoma in any of our patients undergoing combined procedures. No post-operative ocular inflammation/ infection was noted after cataract extraction. We found that the combined procedure of ptosis under/ over correction with cataract extraction had no bearing on visual outcomes as compared to routine cataract outcomes. We noted no under or over-correction in patients undergoing ptosis correction. : Simultaneous extra-ocular and phacoemulsification is an option for patients reluctant for multistage procedures either by choice or medical recommendations. It is also an alternative for patients with poor medical compliance and works in favour of ergonomics and economy.
Oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Pawar Vaishali Satyajeet , Patil Sangita R , Sontakke Ajit V , Patil Prajakta S 
Published: July 2024

: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) as suggested by experimental and clinical studies. The study aimed to measure as well as compare total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy. In this cross-sectional study we measured serum TAC, MDA, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and HbA1c levels in 3 groups of T2DM patients with 110 cases in each group: 1st group without DR and/or DN, 2nd group with DN, and 3rd group with DR. This study was done in a tertiary care hospital from Dec 2019 to Dec 2022. Data was analyzed using version 20 of SPSS software. In DR patients, TAC levels were significantly lower (P=0.000), and FPG and HbA1c levels were significantly higher (P=0.003 & P=0.001 respectively) than in DM and DN patients. However, MDA did not show any significant difference in all groups. In the proliferative DR group, duration of diabetes, MDA levels, FPG levels, and HbA1c levels were significantly high (P=0.027, P=0.033, P=0.014 & P=0.000 respectively) and TAC levels were significantly low (P=0.033) as compared to non-proliferative DR group.: Weakening of the antioxidant defence system with increased oxidative stress in DM is associated with complications like DR and DN and also with the progression of DR to its vision-threatening proliferative stage.
Evaluation of high risk histopathology features in primary and secondary enucleated retinoblastoma-study of 136 cases in tertiary eye hospital
Authors: Bhanvadia Viral M , Patel Kinjalkumari Jayantibhai , Patel Pinal , Goswami Hansa 
Published: July 2024

: Retinoblastoma is a childhood malignant intraocular tumor, necessitates a comprehensive treatment approach. Chemotherapy plays a crucial role in managing retinoblastoma. This study aims to evaluate and analyze high-risk histopathological features (HRF) in retinoblastoma cases initially treated with enucleation and those undergoing secondary enucleation after chemotherapy in a tertiary centre in western India.: This retrospective study was carried out in the pathology department, encompassing a total of 136 cases with enucleated eyes, spanning the period from Jan 2017 to Mar 2023. In the present study, all slides were retrieved and examined to gather information on demographics, laterality, choroid invasion, optic nerve invasion, anterior chamber invasion, tumor discrimination, chemotherapy effects, and tumor regression.In this study, the predominant presenting complaint was leukocoria (90%), with a slight female preponderance (53%), in comparison to males (47%). Unilateral cases accounted for 96%, while bilateral presentations were observed in 4% of cases. The mean age was 38 months, with 43% of eyes exhibiting significant choroid invasion and 27% showing invasion beyond the post-laminar optic nerve or resection margin. 76 patients (56%) underwent primary enucleation and 60 (44%) had secondary enucleation after chemotherapy. Out of the 60 patients with secondary enucleation, only 21 patients (35%) had HRF.We found late age of presentation of retinoblastoma in developing country like India. Higher incidence of HRFs in primary enucleated eyes than secondary enucleated eyes. Higher number of cases shows complete regression of tumor after chemotherapy.
Learning curve of resident performed phacoemulsification versus manual small incision cataract surgery at a regional ophthalmic institute in western India
Authors: Agrawal Garima , Khobragade Sanath 
Published: July 2024

: Manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification form part of the surgical armamentarium offered to the trainee doctors. We designed a study to document the visual outcomes and major surgical complications of manual small incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification at our tertiary care centre. : The study was carried out at our tertiary care centre. The study design is a retrospective, institutional cohort study. Data of consecutive resident cataract surgeries done at our centre from October 2022 to April 2023 were recorded. 283 consecutive resident cataract surgical records were reviewed. MSICS was allotted to junior resident second year (JR2) and junior resident third year (JR3b) (first six months of JR3 residency) groups of residents while phacoemulsification was given to junior resident third year (JR3a) (last six months of JR3 residency) and to the senior residents (SRs). The preoperative and postoperative examination included best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, thorough anterior and posterior segment examination. The surgical steps had been documented. The follow up protocol was one day, four days, fortnight, six weeks and 12 weeks. The major surgical complications were documented.Statistical analysis was done using the student “t” test. Chi square value was calculated and a p value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant.: 283 eyes of 283 patients were documented. Phacoemulsification was done in 136 cases and MSICS in 147 cases. Age, gender, grade of nucleus and the type of surgery were not significantly associated with the major surgical complication rate. The resident group was significantly associated with the major surgical complication rate (p value 0.01). The lowest complication rate was seen in JR3b operated MSICS cases (1.7%). This was closely followed by SR operated phacoemulsification cases (2.6%). 98.5% of phacoemulsification cases and 98% of MSICs cases had a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 6/6 and 6/18 at 12 weeks postoperatively.: In conclusion both phacoemulsification and MSICS performed by resident doctors at our institute had good visual outcomes with an acceptable complication rate. As the surgical experience of the surgeon widens the surgical outcomes also improve.
A study of contrast sensitivity in eyes with hydrophobic and hydrophilic acrylic foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens
Authors: Mathukumalli Sumalatha Sai Keerthi , Mukkamala Narasimha Rao V L 
Published: July 2024

: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PCIOL on contrast sensitivity function in patients following Phacoemulsification surgery.This was an analytical observational study done on patients who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification with either hydrophobic or hydrophilic posterior chamber IOL's. Contrast sensitivity function (CSF) was measured preoperatively and postoperatively after 3 months with Pelli-Robson chart and compared. Normally distributed data was analysed using the independent sample t-test for intergroup comparison and for intragroup comparison before and after cataract surgery, paired t-test was used. Out of 50 patients underwent phacoemulsification surgery, 52% were females and 56% were belonged to age group of 51 to 60 years. 25 patients received hydrophobic intraocular lens and other 25 patients received hydrophilic intraocular lens.Postoperative mean contrast sensitivity (1.997 ± 0.01) was found statistically significant (p &#60;0.01) as compared to the preoperative contrast sensitivity (1.556 ± 0.16). Significant improvement in contrast sensitivity was observed after cataract surgery in both the groups (p&#60;0.05).: The reduced contrast sensitivity function due to cataract, improved after surgery. On the other hand, optical properties and the material of IOL has no impact on contrast sensitivity postoperatively.
Prevalence of non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies (NSBVA) among university students of North India
Authors: Shongmu Tsering Lamu , Akhtar Zeeshan 
Published: July 2024

: To report the clinical profile of Non-Strabismic Binocular Vision Anomalies (NSBVA) among university students in North India.: A cross-sectional study was performed among 180 students of the university between the age of 17-35 years attending Sushant vision care center (SVCC), Gurugram from October 2017- February 2020. A comprehensive eye examination and a detailed orthoptic evaluation for binocular and accommodative dysfunctions was carried out, including sensory and motor examinations. : 102 of the 180 patients were women and 78 were men. The mean age of the sample was found to be 21.8±2.3 years (mean±SD) with an age range of 17-35 years. The prevalence of NSBVA was found to be 62.2%, of which Convergence Insufficiency was found to be most prevalent (37.2%), followed by Accommodative Insufficiency (12.2%), Accommodative Infacility (7.2%), and Accommodative excess (5.5%). Out of the total, 89 students (49%) exhibited ocular symptoms, while the remaining 91 (51%) were asymptomatic; prevalent symptoms included eyestrain, headaches, and watering of the eyes. The study reveals prevalent non-strabismic binocular anomalies among university students, with vergence dysfunctions being more prevalent than accommodating dysfunctions. Convergence Insufficiency is the most common. While some of these anomalies might lead to noticeable symptoms, others remain asymptomatic, potentially contributing to delayed diagnosis. Comprehensive eye exams are essential for university students, encompassing evaluation of accommodative and binocular functions alongside refraction to timely detection and treatment, including lenses, prisms, and vision therapy to enhance visual performance
Prevalence of ocular manifestations in HIV patients
Authors: Ananthan Ajay Venkat , Kumar Meena Devi Kalyana , Rayar Vinnarasi , Marudhachalam Sudan 
Published: July 2024

: To study the prevalence of ocular manifestations in the HIV-positive individuals and find out the different types of ocular manifestations in HIV patients based on their CD4 count levels. This is a cross-sectional observational study with a sample size of 70 which will be conducted in department of Ophthalmology at Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre. This study includes all HIV positive patients irrespective of their age group, gender. A total of 70 cases were included in this study. HIV induced ocular manifestations were present in 33 out of 70 patients which has accounted for 47% in our study. Most of the patients with HIV were in the age group ranging between 20 years to 70 years. Most commonly seen ocular manifestations were anterior segment manifestations accounting for 33.33% and then adnexal manifestations (27%), posterior segment manifestations (24%) and the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations (15.15%). Ocular manifestations with highest prevalence were seen to be present in population with CD4 ranging between 250-300 cells/mm. Of these anterior segment manifestations were common.: In our study, anterior segment manifestations were more commonly seen than posterior segment manifestations. Dry Eye disorder and HIV Retinopathy are the most commonly seen manifestations. Early screening of HIV positive individual should be done for the ocular manifestations at time of diagnosis.
To study the optic nerve characteristics in patients with optic neuritis
Authors: Supriya B N  , Prasad Divya , Nakkella Srinivas Phani 
Published: July 2024

Optic neuritis is defined as an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the optic nerve. It can be idiopathic/post infectious/component of multiple sclerosis. It is not associated with other systemic diseases so commonly. It causes inflammation, which affects the myelin lining of the optic erve. Aim of this study was to identify study the optic nerve characteristics in patients with optic neuritis in a tertiary care center. A descriptive study was done on 30patients with optic neuritis, by considering specific components that determine the optic nerve function. Components of optic nerve studied includes, visual acuity, color vision, contrast ensitivity, visual fields, visual evoked otential and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Optic neuritis is more common in females than males (66.6%). Most common age group is 26-35years (36.6%). Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) seen in 50% of patients (15pts). Visual acuity loss majority in between hand movements–counting fingers close to face (40%). Color vision defects were present in all the patients, Red-Green color defect was more common. Visual fields showed severely depressed fields in 30% patients. MRI was normal in 83% patients. Optic neuritis usually affects young adults. Proper diagnosis of the disease, correct treatment at right time is necessary. Combined approach for treatment with neurologist is required to make them aware of disease process, treatment & to prevent recurrences.
A study on prevalence of intraocular pressure variation in relation to age, gender and systemic comorbid condition of hypertension and diabetes among the patients attending a tertiary care hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Authors: Samal Arun , Khan Zahiruddin , Sahoo Kamalakanta , Mohanty Asit 
Published: July 2024

To correlate intraocular pressure variation in relation to age and gender among patients attending a tertiary hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. This was a cross-sectional observational study from October 2020 to September 2021 following the inclusion criteria. Five hundred twenty-two male and female patients of age 20 years were studied in six groups. Intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured with Noncontact Tonometer including routine eye checkup and dilated fundoscopic examination. Among the 522 patients 272 were males and 252 were females (M:F =1.08:1.0). 48.83 ± 20.43 years was the mean age. The mean IOP of male was 15.45 ± 3.06 mmHg and female was 14.90 ± 2.75. IOP was higher in male than female without statistical significance. There were increase of IOP as age advances with variation in different age groups. There was significant difference of IOP in male and female of age group 50 – 59 years and 60 – 69 years. Diabetic and Hypertensive patients were having statistically significant higher IOP than nondiabetic and non hypertensives respectively.: There was increase of IOP on increasing age in both male and female age groups. In higher age group males were having higher IOP than female which is statistically significant. Diabetes and Hypertension was associated with raised IOP.
Study on status of binocular vision in different occupations
Authors: Khanal Miru , Pandey Triptesh Raj , Sah Sushil Kumar , Sah Shrban 
Published: July 2024

The study was to identify the various binocular vision dysfunctions in different occupations requiring near work. It affects their near work as well as their performance. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 105 participants. Eye examination included visual acuity assessment, objective and subjective refraction, and details of orthoptic evaluation were done. Data was taken in an Excel sheet and analysis was made using the statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics 22.: Of the total (105) participants, 20-20% were equally drawn from each occupation. the mean value of the positive fusional vergence: recovery (near) was noticed low 7.2±3.5 among the teachers compared to 8.5±4.0 among the tailors, 9.4±3.9 among the bankers and higher 11.7±5.4 among the health workers (F = 3.38, p &#60;0.05). The mean of the accommodative facility left eye was high 4.9±2.5 among the health workers compared to 3.6±1.8 among the teachers, 2.7±1.3 among the tailors, and 2.6±1.2 among the bankers (F = 5.11, p &#60; 0.01). Near work for 8 hrs can lead to binocular abnormalities’ despite of occupation. The majority of the groups were affected by accommodative insufficiency and convergence insufficiency. They need to be provided with therapy according to their condition for better symptom relief.