bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative analysis and use of high‐resolution DTMs for quantitative interrogation of Earth‐surface processes
Authors: Passalacqua Paola , Hillier John , Tarolli Paolo 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThis is the era of digital landscapes; the widespread availability of powerful sensing technologies has revolutionized the way it is possible to interrogate landscapes in order to understand the processes sculpting them. Vastly greater areas have now been acquired at ‘high resolution’: currently tens of metres globally to millimetric precision and accuracy locally. This permits geomorphic features to be visualized and analysed across the scales at which Earth‐surface processes operate. Especially exciting is the capturing of process dynamics in repeated surveying, which will only become more important with low‐cost accessible data generation through techniques such as Structure from Motion (SfM). But the key challenge remains; to interpret high resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), particularly by extracting geomorphic features in robust and objective ways and then linking the observed features to the underlying physical processes. In response to the new data and challenges, recent years have seen improved processing of raw data into DTMs, development of data fusion techniques, novel quantitative analysis of topographic data, and innovative geomorphological mapping. The twelve papers collected in this volume sample this progress in interrogating Earth‐surface processes through the analysis of DTMs. They cover a wide range of disciplines and spatio‐temporal scales, from landslide prone landscapes, to agriculturally modified regions, to mountainous landscapes, and coastal zones. They all, however, showcase the quantitative exploitation of information contained in high‐resolution topographic data that we believe will underpin the improvement of our understanding of many elements of Earth‐surface processes. Most of the papers introduced here were first presented in a conference session at the European Geosciences Union General Assembly in 2011. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods for identifying subject‐specific abnormalities in neuroimaging data
Authors: Mayer Andrew R. , Bedrick Edward J. , Ling Josef M. , Toulouse Trent , Dodd Andrew 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlgorithms that are capable of capturing subject‐specific abnormalities (SSA) in neuroimaging data have long been an area of focus for diverse neuropsychiatric conditions such as multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, and traumatic brain injury. Several algorithms have been proposed that define SSA in patients (i.e., comparison group) relative to image intensity levels derived from healthy controls (HC) (i.e., reference group) based on extreme values. However, the assumptions underlying these approaches have not always been fully validated, and may be dependent on the statistical distributions of the transformed data. The current study evaluated variations of two commonly used techniques (“pothole” method and standardization with an independent reference group) for identifying SSA using simulated data (derived from normal, t and chi‐square distributions) and fractional anisotropy maps derived from 50 HC. Results indicated substantial group‐wise bias in the estimation of extreme data points using the pothole method, with the degree of bias being inversely related to sample size. Statistical theory was utilized to develop a distribution‐corrected z‐score (DisCo‐Z) threshold, with additional simulations demonstrating elimination of the bias and a more consistent estimation of extremes based on expected distributional properties. Data from previously published studies examining SSA in mild traumatic brain injury were then re‐analyzed using the DisCo‐Z method, with results confirming the evidence of group‐wise bias. We conclude that the benefits of identifying SSA in neuropsychiatric research are substantial, but that proposed SSA approaches require careful implementation under the different distributional properties that characterize neuroimaging data. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5457–5470, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Statutory Basis for the Anti‐Deprivation Rule?
Authors: Kulkarni Nishad 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article argues that material confusions remain in the English anti‐deprivation rule. It begins by considering the statutory framework and demonstrates that there are a number of distinct positions as to the legal foundation of the rule. In examining these positions, of particular concern is the relationship between the rule and the pari passu principle and the notion that the rule serves a broader collectivity principle inherent in insolvency law. The article seeks to identify the proper basis of the rule, thereby shedding light on the policy that the rule is intended to protect. It contends that while it is possible, consistently with authority, to rationalise the rule on a particular footing, the uncertainties under the existing law must be resolved by legislative reform. Copyright © 2014 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Debt Agreements for Consumers under Bankruptcy Law in Australia and Developing International Principles and Standards for Personal Insolvency
Authors: Wyburn Mary 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe debt agreement option under bankruptcy law was introduced in Australia in 1996. Since its introduction, it has undergone significant review, and two sets of amendments have been crafted to meet issues as they have been raised. Its popularity is reflected in the increasing proportion of debt agreements compared with the other two debt relief options available under bankruptcy legislation, bankruptcy and the personal insolvency agreement. A review of the debt agreement scheme has recently been undertaken, but the government has yet to respond to its recommendations. Meanwhile, the work of comparative bankruptcy scholars has found new impetus from the treatment of consumer debtors during the Global Financial Crisis. At the same time, at the international level, there is growing interest in developing general principles for the treatment of personal insolvency, despite the acknowledged diversity of approach to personal insolvency at the national level. This paper examines the debt agreement framework and how it fits within the comparative bankruptcy literature and the developing international principles for the treatment of personal insolvency. Copyright © 2014 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Recent advances, challenges and prospects of in situ production of hydrogen peroxide for textile wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Asghar Anam , Abdul Raman Abdul Aziz , Daud Wan Mohd Ashri Wan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractApplication of the Fenton process for textile wastewater treatment is limited due to high treatment cost, substantially contributed by the un‐availability of cheap hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, alternative methods for hydrogen peroxide production are in demand. One such option is in situ hydrogen peroxide production using a wastewater based microbial fuel cell (WBMFC). However, not much have been published regarding in situ production of hydrogen peroxide for textile wastewater treatment in a WBMFC. Therefore, in this work the concept, advantages, challenges and prospects of using WBMFC to treat textile wastewater by simultaneously producing hydrogen peroxide (hence in situ hydrogen peroxide) and power are reviewed. The concept of WBMFC is the reduction of oxygen in the presence of electrons and protons from the anode chamber to produce hydrogen peroxide with simultaneous power production. This review confirms that use of dual chambers, proton exchange membrane, domestic or municipal wastewater/Geobacter Sulfurreducens or Shewanella species, pure graphite cathode, ammonia and heat treated carbon‐based anode can treat most textile wastewaters. However, single chamber WBMFCs can be used as a low power source for an electro‐Fenton reactor. Power produced can be used to provide energy for aeration required in the WBMFC, thus providing an integrated and sustainable solution for textile wastewater treatment. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Transabdominal ultrasound‐guided injection of methotrexate in the treatment of ectopic interstitial pregnancies
Authors: Framarino‐dei‐Malatesta Marialuisa , Piccioni Maria Grazia , Derme Martina , Polidori Nicoletta Fabiana , Tibaldi Valentina , Iannini Isabella , Masselli Gabriele 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeIn a retrospective observational study, we evaluated the feasibility and safety of medical therapy with transabdominal ultrasound‐guided injection of methotrexate (MTX) into the gestational sac (GS) in patients with interstitial ectopic pregnancies.MethodsFourteen interstitial ectopic pregnancies were treated with transabdominal ultrasound‐guided injection of MTX (25 mg). All patients were hemodynamically stable. In all patients, the 10‐cm distance between the GS and vaginal fornices was ≥10 cm, making transvaginal injection difficult. To evaluate feasibility and safety of the procedure, we assessed complications clinically and with imaging during a 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsIn all 14 patients, MTX injected locally into the GS successfully terminated the interstitial pregnancy, thereby avoiding surgery. There was no complications during follow‐up.ConclusionsThe successful outcome in our patients suggests that the transabdominal route is feasible and safe as a nonsurgical option for terminating an ectopic interstitial pregnancy in patients in whom the transvaginal route is contraindicated or difficult, provided the patients are properly selected and operators have sufficient experience with the technique. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:522–526, 2014
Improved survival with combined gemcitabine and S‐1 for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: pooled analysis of three randomized studies
Authors: Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Ishii Hiroshi , Nakai Yousuke , Ozaka Masato , Ikari Takaaki , Koike Kazuhiko , Ueno Hideki , Ioka Tatsuya , Satoi Sohei , Sho Masayuki , Okusaka Takuji , Tanaka Masao , Shimokawa Toshio , Kwon A‐Hon , Isayama Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term prognosis for localized pancreatic cancer (PC) remains poor. Three randomized trials (GEST phase III, JACCRO PC‐01 phase II and GEMSAP phase II) evaluated gemcitabine (Gem) with or without S‐1 for patients with metastatic and locally advanced PC. A pooled analysis based on published data examined whether Gem with S‐1 (GS) is superior to Gem alone in overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced PC.MethodsData were extracted on 193 patients: 31 (JACCRO), 28 (GEMSAP), and 134 (GEST). OS was used for primary endpoint and progression‐free survival (PFS) was used for secondary endpoint. A general variance‐based method was used to estimate the pooled HR and 95% CI between GS (n = 96) and Gem (n = 97).ResultsMeta‐analysis demonstrated that the overall risk of death was significantly different between the two chemotherapies (hazard ratio = 0.673, 95% confidence interval: 0.488–0.929, P = 0.016). The median PFSs for GS and GEM in the JACCRO, GEMSAP, and GEST studies were 12.0, 12.6, and 10.7 months, and 4.1, 8.1, and 6.2 months, respectively (P = 0.001). The random‐effect pooled estimate for 165 patients showed the objective response rate (ORR) in the GS group (28.4%) was better in the Gem group (8.3%, P = 0.001).ConclusionsGS improved ORR, PFS and OS in patients with locally advanced PC over Gem alone. GS could become one of the front‐line chemotherapeutic agents.
Comparison on the fatty acid profiles of liver, subcutaneous fat and muscle from feedlot steers finished on diets supplemented with or without cinnamaldehyde or monensin
Authors: He Maolong , Jia Jianjie , Yang Wenzhu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDCinnamaldehyde (CIN) is the main active component of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) oil and has been tested as alternative feed additive in cattle production. Little information was available on the effect of dietary CIN in comparison to monensin (MO) on beef fatty acid (FA) profile. This study analyzed FA profiles of liver, subcutaneous fat and pars costalis diaphragmatis (PCD) muscle obtained from steers (n = 70) finished on diets: control, a barley grain–silage feedlot diet; 330 mg/head.day MO; and 400, 800 or 1600 mg/head.day CIN treatments.RESULTSInclusion of MO or CIN did not affect total saturated, unsaturated, polyunsaturated FA and individual FA in the various tissues with exceptions that proportion of palmitic acid in PCD muscle was increased by 800 mg/steer.day CIN (P < 0.05). There were positive correlations (P < 0.05) on oleic, linoleic, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)‐c9,t11 and 18:1‐t10 between the subcutaneous fat and PCD muscle, and on α‐linolenic acid, CLA‐c9,t11 and 18:1‐t10 between PCD muscle and liver, whereas correlations on the FA between the subcutaneous fat and liver were not significant except for 18:1‐t10 (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the supplementation of CIN and MO to feedlot diet has limited effect on beef FA profiles. © 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Cytoskeleton of newborn vocal fold stellate cells
Authors: Sato Kiminori , Kurita Takashi , Chitose Shun‐ichi , Umeno Hirohito , Nakashima Tadashi 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold stellate cells (VFSCs) in the human maculae flavae located at both ends of the vocal fold mucosa are inferred to be involved in the metabolism of extracellular matrices of the vocal fold mucosa. Tension caused by phonation (vocal fold vibration) likely regulates the behavior of the VFSCs in the human maculae flava. Tensile and compressive strains have direct effects on cell morphology and structure, including changes in cytoskeletal structure and organization. Cytoskeletons play a role as mechanoreceptors for the cells.The microstructure of the intermediate filaments and the expression of their characteristic proteins were investigated regarding the human newborn VFSCs.Study DesignHistopathologic analysis of the human newborn vocal fold.MethodsThree newborn vocal fold mucosae were investigated by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.ResultsThe intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm of the newborn VFSCs were few in number. However, their characteristic proteins (vimentin, desmin, GFAP [Glial fibrillary acidic protein], cytokeratin) had already expressed.ConclusionThe function and fate of VFSCs are regulated by various microenvironmental factors. Not only chemical factors but also mechanical factors could also modulate VFSC behaviors. The cytoskeletal structure of the newborn VFSCs is under development. And the newborn VFSCs have not acquired mechanical regulation.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 124:2551–2554, 2014
Effect of a test meal on meal responses of satiation hormones and their association to insulin resistance in obese adolescents
Authors: Beglinger Svetlana , Meyer‐Gerspach Anne Christin , Graf Steffi , Zumsteg Urs , Drewe Jürgen , Beglinger Christoph , Gutzwiller Jean‐Pierre 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveThe role of gastrointestinal (GI) hormones in the pathophysiology of obesity is unclear, although they are involved in the regulation of satiation and glucose metabolism. To (i) examine glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), amylin, ghrelin, and glucagon responses to a meal in obese adolescents and to (ii) test which GI peptides are associated with insulin resistance are presented.MethodsA total of 16 obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 97th percentile for age and gender) and 14 control (BMI between 25th and 75th percentiles) adolescents were included. Subjects were instructed to eat a test meal (490 kcal). Plasma samples were collected for hormone and glucose analysis.ResultsObese adolescents were insulin resistant as expressed by the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index and had significantly increased fasting glucagon and amylin levels compared to the control group (P = 0.003 and 0.044, respectively).In response to the meal, the increase in GLP‐1 levels was reduced in obese adolescents (P < 0.001). In contrast, amylin secretion was significantly increased in the obese population compared to the control group (P < 0.005).ConclusionsObese adolescents have increased fasting glucagon and amylin levels and attenuated post‐prandial GLP‐1 concentrations compared with the control group. These factors could contribute to the metabolic syndrome.
No effect of weight loss on LINE‐1 methylation levels in peripheral blood leukocytes from postmenopausal overweight women
Authors: Duggan Catherine , Xiao Liren , Terry Mary Beth , McTiernan Anne 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesObesity and weight‐loss are associated with methylation patterns in specific genes, but their effect on Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINE‐1) methylation, a measure of global methylation is largely unknown.MethodsThree hundred overweight/obese post‐menopausal women (50‐75 years) were part of a completed, 1‐year randomized controlled trial, comparing independent and combined effects of a reduced‐calorie weight‐loss diet, and exercise program, versus control. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes collected at baseline and 12‐months, and LINE‐1 methylation analyzed by pyrosequencing. Mean changes between groups using generalized estimating equations and examined effects of weight‐loss on LINE‐1 methylation using stratified analyses (gained weight/no weight‐loss [N = 84]; <5% [N = 45]; 5%‐10% [N = 45]; >10% of baseline weight‐loss [N = 126]) within each arm, adjusted by blood cell counts were compared. Associations between LINE‐1 methylation and previously measured biomarkers, and anthropometrics were also examined.ResultsNo significant difference in LINE‐1 methylation levels was detected in any intervention group versus controls. The magnitude of weight‐loss was not associated with LINE‐1 methylation at 12‐months. There were no associations between baseline characteristics of participants, or previously measured biomarkers, and LINE‐1 methylation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that lifestyle changes sufficient to significantly reduce weight over 12‐months may not change LINE‐1 DNA methylation levels.
Antiobesity medication use across the veterans health administration: Patient‐level predictors of receipt
Authors: Del Re A. C. , Frayne Susan M. , Harris Alex H. S. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivePharmacotherapy is an effective adjunct to behavioral interventions to treat obesity; although it is unclear how often medications are integrated into obesity treatment plans and for which patients in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted that examined variation in and predictors of antiobesity medication receipt (orlistat) among > 2 million obese Veterans within 140 facilities nationwide.ResultsOne‐percent of all obese patients using VHA services filled a prescription for orlistat. Veterans were more likely to be treated with orlistat if they had a higher BMI, were female, unmarried, younger, a minority, had home instability, prescribed obesogenic psychiatric medications, had a psychiatric or obesity‐related comorbidity, and used MOVE! weight management services. Among those who likely met the criteria for use, 2.5% had at least one orlistat prescription. Facility‐level prescription rates varied from 0 to 1% of all obese patients in a VA facility receiving a prescription and 0 to 21% among those who met the criteria for use.ConclusionsConsistent with guidelines recommending that obesity pharmacotherapy be prescribed in conjunction with behavioral therapy, the strongest predictor of receiving orlistat was being enrolled in the MOVE! weight‐loss management program.
Inhibition of Let‐7 microRNA attenuates myocardial remodeling and improves cardiac function postinfarction in mice
Authors: Tolonen Anna‐Maria , Magga Johanna , Szabó Zoltán , Viitala Pirkko , Gao Erhe , Moilanen Anne‐Mari , Ohukainen Pauli , Vainio Laura , Koch Walter J. , Kerkelä Risto , Ruskoaho Heikki , Serpi Raisa 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe members of lethal‐7 (Let‐7) microRNA (miRNA) family are involved in regulation of cell differentiation and reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. However, their function in the heart is not known. In this study, we examined the effect of inhibiting the function of Let‐7c miRNA on the progression of postinfarction left ventricular (LV) remodeling in mice. Myocardial infarction was induced with permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery with a 4‐week follow‐up period. Let‐7c miRNA was inhibited with a specific antagomir administered intravenously. The inhibition of Let‐7c miRNA downregulated the levels of mature Let‐7c miRNA and its other closely related members of Let‐7 family in the heart and resulted in increased expression of pluripotency‐associated genes Oct4 and Sox2 in cardiac fibroblasts in vitro and in adult mouse heart in vivo. Importantly, Let‐7c inhibitor prevented the deterioration of cardiac function postinfarction, as demonstrated by preserved LV ejection fraction and elevated cardiac output. Improvement in cardiac function by Let‐7c inhibitor postinfarction was associated with decreased apoptosis, reduced fibrosis, and reduction in the number of discoidin domain receptor 2–positive fibroblasts, while the number of c‐kit+ cardiac stem cells and Ki‐67+ proliferating cells remained unaltered. In conclusion, inhibition of Let‐7 miRNA may be beneficial for the prevention of postinfarction LV remodeling and progression of heart failure.
Contour regression: A distribution‐regularized regression framework for climate modeling
Authors: Abraham Zubin , Tan Pang‐Ning , Perdinan  , Winkler Julie A. , Zhong Shiyuan , Liszewska Malgorzata 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRegression methods are commonly used to learn the mapping from a set of predictor variables to a continuous‐valued target variable such that their prediction errors are minimized. However, minimizing the errors alone may not be sufficient for some applications, such as climate modeling, which require the overall predicted distribution to resemble the actual observed distribution. On the other hand, histogram equalization methods, such as quantile mapping, are often used in climate modeling to alter the distribution of input data to fit the distribution of observed data, but they provide no guarantee of accurate predictions. This paper presents a flexible regression framework known as contour regression that simultaneously minimizes the prediction error and removes biases in the predicted distribution. The framework is applicable to linear, nonlinear, and conditional quantile models and can utilize data from heterogenous sources. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework in fitting the daily minimum and maximum temperatures as well as precipitation for 14 climate stations in Michigan. The framework showed marked improvement over standard regression methods in terms of minimizing their distribution bias.