bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Accidental Injuries WITHIN SENIOR CITIZENS' HOMES: Analysis of the Canadian Survey on Ageing and Independence
Authors: Fletcher Paula C , Hirdes John P 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Using data from the Survey on Ageing and Independence (SAI), risk factors for unintentional injuries occurring within the homes of individuals older than 65 are identified. For the SAI, conducted by Statistics Canada in 1991, data were collected on a representative sample of approximately 20,000 individuals between ages 45 and 102. For each household contacted, one individual older than 45 was interviewed via the telephone. For the present analysis, only individuals older than 65 (n = 10,059) were used. Approximately 5% of senior citizens experienced an injury that limited their activity for at least 1 day. Using logistic regression, the following risk factors for injury were identified: education, alcohol consumption, smoking, rest and sleep patterns, support, and interactions between age and gender, activity limitations and age, and home maintenance and gender. The present findings are important to the body of research concerning injuries among older adults. The results expand current univariate analysis of data identifying risk factors for injuries within the literature and provide comprehensive information pertaining to risk factors for accidental injuries at the multivariate level. Identification of risk factors provides health care professionals, particularly front line nurses, with insight into factors that, if modified, have the potential to decrease accidental injuries and improve or maintain quality of life.
Assessing Pain as a FIFTH VITAL SIGN IN LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES: Recommendations from the Field
Authors: Molony Sheila L , Kobayashi Mia , Holleran Elizabeth A , Mezey Mathy 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
In long-term care facilities, pain management is complex because dementia, delirium, and other reasons for residents' altered communication ability are a significant barrier to pain assessment. The purpose of this study was to explore the status of implementation of pain as a fifth vital sign in a sample of long-term care facilities. A three-round Delphi survey was used to obtain consensus from personnel in 60 long-term care facilities in NY State. Findings are presented in terms of recommendations related to pain criteria, assessment methods, frequency of pain assessment, responsibility for pain assessment, monitoring strategies, education, documentation, and pain management education. The results of this study highlight many important considerations in the treatment of pain as a fifth vital sign in long-term care facilities. Evidence-based practice will be facilitated by further research related to underexplored aspects of pain assessment and management, and further attention to care delivery systems that support continued knowledge acquisition and the implementation of best practices.
Grandparents PARENTING Grandchildren: Assessing Health Status, Parental Stress, and Social Supports
Authors: Butler Frieda R , Zakari Nazik 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
This study describes the physical and emotional health of grandparents raising grandchildren and the extent to which the health of this at-risk population is affected further by the caregiving role. A sample of 17 grandparents who are primary caregivers to their grandchildren and reside within a three-state metropolitan area were interviewed in their homes during a 1 -year period. Data were collected on physical and mental health status and health problems, level of health, level of stress, economic difficulties, and family and supports. Qualitative data analyses using a panel of experts and NUD*IST, and quantitative methods were used. Results showed wide variation in physical and mental health status; however, most participants tended to score high on parental stress - particularly in the child domain. Disruption of social activities, financial problems, and alterations in family relationships were of significant concern.
Osteoarthritis IN OLDER ADULTS: Current Treatments
Authors: Burks Kathryn 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Although there is no cure for osteoarthritis, numerous treatments are available for symptom relief. Pharmacological treatments primarily focus on pain relief; however, in older adults there is continuing concern related to the risk of side effects and interactions with other medications. In contrast, non-pharmacological treatments, such as exercise, joint protection, and stress reduction, provide symptom relief with few side effects. In addition, alternative treatments such as nutritional supplements, herbal preparations, acupuncture, and tai chi are being investigated for their efficacy. Nurses should encourage patients to use a combination of treatments that provide optimum symptom relief with the fewest side effects.
Post-Breast Cancer LYMPHEDEMA IN AGING WOMEN: Self-Management and Implications for Nursing
Authors: Armer Jane M , Heckathorn Peg W 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
More than 2 million women living with breast cancer in this country are at lifetime risk for lymphedema (LE) development. Accounting for 25% of all cancer survivors, the majority of these breast cancer survivors are older than 65. Unmanaged LE greatly impacts quality of life for breast cancer survivors, potentially affecting interpersonal and family relationships, functional abilities, occupational roles, self-image, and self-esteem. As the number of breast cancer survivors increases due to improved detection and treatment, it becomes all the more important that health professionals focus on prevention, early detection, and treatment of LE among breast cancer survivors of all ages. A case study of an 88-year-old breast cancer survivor with LE is presented to illustrate the effect of LE on psychosocial issues and functional abilities among aging women. Guidelines for LE prevention and management are presented, with application to the special needs of the older breast cancer survivor. Nursing implications are discussed, with recommendations for future study.
Managing Fecal Incontinence: SELF-CARE PRACTICES OF OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Bliss Donna Zimmaro , Fischer Lucy Rose , Savik Kay 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Little is known about the ways in which community-dwelling elderly individuals manage fecal incontinence (FI) in their daily lives. In this study, community-dwelling elderly individuals were surveyed at clinics of a health maintenance organization (HMO) to describe the self-care practices used to manage FI and to examine factors that influenced the number of self-care practices used and the reporting of FI to a health care practitioner. Responses of 242 elderly individuals who reported that they had FI several times per year were analyzed. The self-care practices used most commonly were changing diet, wearing a sanitary pad/brief, and reducing activity or exercise. Elderly women and those with a greater severity of FI and more chronic health problems engaged in more self-care practices. Factors associated with reporting FI to a clinician were considering FI to be a problem, uncertainty about the cause of FI, and changing diet to avoid FI. There is a need to promote effective management strategies for FI to older individuals living in the community.
The Experience of Dying for Chinese Nursing Home Residents: CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Chan Joyce , Kayser-Jones Jeanie 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Given the increase of cultural diversity of the elderly population in the United States, there is a need for increased sensitivity of culturally diverse residents. Research on the care of terminally ill Chinese elderly individuals in nursing homes is limited. As part of a larger study on end-of-life care in nursing homes, data were obtained on 34 Chinese residents. Data were obtained through participant observation, event analysis, and in-depth interviews with residents and their families, nursing staff, and physicians. The process of providing care was observed from the time residents were identified as terminally ill until their death. The most significant factors influencing the care Chinese residents received were communication barriers, dislike of Western food, and differing cultural beliefs and customs. These findings offer valuable information in helping to develop and implement interventions to improve the terminal care of Chinese elderly individuals in nursing homes.
Spirituality and Health: Perceptions of Older Women in a Rural Senior High Rise
Authors: Knestrick Joyce , Lohri-Posey Brenda 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine the essence of spirituality and health in older women living in a rural senior high-rise apartment building. The researchers used a phenomenological research design and interviewed 10 women 65 years of age and older. Data analysis using Colaizzi's (1978) method for analysis revealed three themes - health is functional and provides a sense of wholeness; the relationship with God or a higher power is a personal one; and death is a part of life. The three themes create an essential structure, which influences the way the participants live. These findings provide information for nurses on the spiritual needs of older women and how the experiences of living in a high rise affect spirituality and health.
Family Caregivers Making Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions: Factors Associated with Role Strain and Ease
Authors: Hansen Lissi , Archbold Patricia G , Stewart Barbara , Westfall Una Beth , Ganzini Linda 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Although recent studies have focused on life-sustaining treatment (LST) decision-making by families, research has not examined such decision-making as an aspect of ongoing caregiving by family caregivers. This article focuses on factors associated with family caregiver role strain and ease in LST decision-making. Using content analysis, factors were derived from interview data gathered from 17 family caregivers who had made LST decisions for 16 elderly ill relatives. The factors are incorporated in a framework, The Family Caregiving Process in Making LST Decisions for Elderly III Relatives, and fall under four key roles-caregiver, elderly ill relative, other family members, and health care providers. Factors affecting the strain and ease felt by family caregivers exist not only during the actual decision-making period, but also arise during the days, months, and years prior to the event and continue on after the LST decisions have been made. Nurses' knowledge of these factors can help nurses decrease family caregiver strain and increase ease during the family caregiver LST decision-making process.
MANAGING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIORS WITH NEUROLEPTICS: Treatment Options for Older Adults in Nursing Homes
Authors: Voyer Philippe , Verreault René , Mengue Pamphile Nkogho , Laurin Danielle , Rochette Louis , Martin Lori Schindel 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Disruptive behaviors are frequent among elderly individuals in long-term care centers. Neuroleptics remain the most common pharmacological treatment for controlling these challenging behavioral manifestations. However, their effectiveness is a subject of controversy and it is unclear what specific behaviors are more likely to be managed with neuroleptic medications. The objective of this study was to identify the types of disruptive behaviors for which neuroleptics are given to elderly individuals in long-term care facilities and determine if the frequency of these behaviors increases the risk of being prescribed neuroleptics. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2,332 participants ages 65 or older living in 28 long-term care facilities. Among them, 27.8% had taken at least one neuroleptic drug in the prior week. The administration of neuroleptics was not linked to the presence of any one specific disruptive behavior. However, a significant finding was that the greater the frequency of disruptive behavior exhibited by an elderly individual, the greater the risk of them being administered a neuroleptic medication. A multi-dimensional approach to the assessment of disruptive behaviors is recommended to facilitate the identification of the underlying causes of those behaviors. Accordingly, it is suggested that non-pharmacological treatment plans be adapted to each situation and then implemented to potentially reduce the use of neuroleptics.
Washington State's Lystedt Law in Concussion Documentation in Seattle Public High Schools
Authors: Bompadre Viviana , Jinguji Thomas M. , Yanez N. David , Satchell Emma K. , Gilbert Kaiulani , Burton Monique , Conrad Ernest U. , Herring Stanley A. 
Published: May 2014

Context:
The Lystedt law requires high school athletes who have sustained a concussion to be removed from practice and play and not to be allowed to return until cleared by a medical professional.

Objective:
To determine the effect of the Lystedt law on injury and concussion documentation in the Seattle public high schools.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Seattle public high schools.

Patients or Other Participants:
The numbers of students, aged 13 to 19 years in the 2008–2009, 2009–2010, and 2010–2011 school years, were 4348, 4925, and 4806, respectively.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
All injuries documented in SportsWare by athletic trainers in Seattle public high schools. We evaluated all injuries, including concussions recorded during the 2008–2009 school year, before the Lystedt law, and during the 2 school years after the law took effect (2009–2010 and 2010–2011). Incidence rates before and after the law were estimated and compared.

Results:
The concussion rate was −1.09% in 2008–2009, 2.26% in 2009–2010, and 2.26% in 2010–2011. A comparison of relative risks showed that the incidence rates of concussions were different before and 1 year after the Lystedt law (relative risk = 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.50, 2.93) and 2 years after the law (relative risk = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.49, 2.93). Overall, the mean number of days out of play after 2008–2009 was almost 7 days greater after the law took effect (difference = 6.9 days; 95% CI = 0.70, 13.1). For females, the mean number of days out of play after 2008–2009 was more than 17 days in 2009–2010 (difference = 17.2 days; 95% CI = 4.81, 29.5) and was more than 6 days in 2010–2011 (difference = 6.3 days; 95% CI = 1.62, 11.0).

Conclusions:
The number of documented concussions more than doubled after the institution of the Lystedt law, which may be attributed to heightened awareness and closer monitoring.
National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System: Review of Methods for 2004–2005 Through 2013–2014 Data Collection
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Dompier Thomas P. , Snook Erin M. , Marshall Stephen W. , Klossner David , Hainline Brian , Corlette Jill 
Published: May 2014

Background:
Since 1982, the National Collegiate Athletic Association has used the Injury Surveillance System (ISS) to collect injury and athlete-exposure data from a representative sample of collegiate institutions and sports. At the start of the 2004–2005 academic year, a Web-based ISS replaced the paper-based platform previously used for reporting injuries and exposures.

Objective:
To describe the methods of the Web-based National Collegiate Athletic Association ISS for data collection as implemented from the 2004–2005 to 2013–2014 academic years.

Description:
The Web-based ISS monitored National Collegiate Athletic Association–sanctioned practices and competitions, the number of participating student–athletes, and time-loss injuries during the preseason, regular season, and postseason in 25 collegiate sports. Starting in the 2009–2010 academic year, non–time-loss injuries were also tracked. Efforts were made to better integrate ISS data collection into the workflow of collegiate athletic trainers. Data for the 2004–2005 to 2013–2014 academic years are available to researchers through a standardized application process available at the Datalys Center Web site.

Conclusions:
As of February 2014, more than 1 dozen data sets have been provided to researchers. The Datalys Center encourages applications for access to the data.
Current Perspective in the Management of Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Rattan Vidya , Rai Sachin 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
The management of mandibular fractures has evolved tremendously in the last few decades. Open reduction and internal fixation with malleable monocortical titanium plates is the standard technique worldwide. The paper reviews the current concept of mandibular fracture and discusses various method and modification for different sites and clinical situations. It also covers the treatment of pediatric and geriatric mandibular fractures.

How to cite this article
Rai S, Rattan V. Current Perspective in the Management of Mandibular Fractures. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(2):63-67.
Prosthetic Considerations in Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma
Authors: Bhandari Sudhir 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Intraoral trauma may occur in isolation or in combination with injury of the other parts of the body. Once the life-threatening phase of trauma is over, the primary need for the patient is to restore the form and function of the tissues lost due to trauma. In the oral and maxillofacial region, esthetic consideration does sometimes supersede the need of function. This article briefl y summarizes the scope of prosthodontics in patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma.

How to cite this article
Bhandari S. Prosthetic Considerations in Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014; 48(2):87-90.
Traumatic Pseudoaneurysm of Internal Carotid Artery presenting as Intractable Epistaxis in a Case of Maxillary Fracture
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Rattan Vidya , Kumar Dinesh , Sahu Gyana Ranjan , Mukherjee KK 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of internal carotid artery is a rare complication of injury after craniomaxillofacial trauma. Delayed recurrent epistaxis after head and facial trauma is the most distinctive manifestation of traumatic internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm. Epistaxis due to pseudoaneurysm of internal carotid artery is difficult to control, and may lead to hemorrhagic shock or asphyxia and thus seriously threatens life. The purpose of this paper is to present a rare case of recurrent epistaxis secondary to ICA pseudoaneurysm following blunt maxillofacial trauma. Endovascular stenting was performed and the recurrent epistaxis was successfully arrested.

How to cite this article
Kumar D, Sahu GR, Kumar A, Mukherjee KK, Rattan V. Traumatic Pseudoaneurysm of Internal Carotid Artery presenting as Intractable Epistaxis in a Case of Maxillary Fracture. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(2):100-102.
L’apocalypse dans l’islam, d’hier à aujourd’hui, de la tradition à la blogosphère
Authors: Milot Jean-René , Castel Frédéric 
Published: May 2014

Que ce soit dans le judaïsme, le christianisme ou l’islam, la littérature apocalyptique a scruté les textes fondateurs pour y déceler des indices, des « signes » permettant de reconnaître l’approche de « l’Heure » pour s’y préparer et donner un sens à la terreur appréhendée. Dans l’islam cette recherche a pris une tournure particulière. Aujourd’hui comme hier, pour combler les silences du Coran, un foisonnement d’hadiths complaisants, inspirés de l’apocalyptique judéo-chrétienne, donne libre cours à des spéculations répondant à des besoins de piété mais aussi à une quête de légitimité pour un activisme politique débridé. Cet article montre comment s’est construite l’apocalyptique musulmane pour enfin relever que certains éléments comme le Dadjal (Antéchrist) connaissent actuellement un développement exponentiel sur Internet, milieu virtuel qui aura permis l’émergence d’une pensée hybride (jumelant tradition musulmane et conspirationisme occidental) et sauvage voulant donner sens aux troubles du temps présent.
Current kinematics and dynamics of Africa and the East African Rift System
Authors: Stamps D. S. , Flesch L. M. , Calais E. , Ghosh A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAlthough the East African Rift System (EARS) is an archetype continental rift, the forces driving its evolution remain debated. Some contend buoyancy forces arising from gravitational potential energy (GPE) gradients within the lithosphere drive rifting. Others argue for a major role of the diverging mantle flow associated with the African Superplume. Here we quantify the forces driving present‐day continental rifting in East Africa by (1) solving the depth averaged 3‐D force balance equations for 3‐D deviatoric stress associated with GPE, (2) inverting for a stress field boundary condition that we interpret as originating from large‐scale mantle tractions, (3) calculating dynamic velocities due to lithospheric buoyancy forces, lateral viscosity variations, and velocity boundary conditions, and (4) calculating dynamic velocities that result from the stress response of horizontal mantle tractions acting on a viscous lithosphere in Africa and surroundings. We find deviatoric stress associated with lithospheric GPE gradients are ∼8–20 MPa in EARS, and the minimum deviatoric stress resulting from basal shear is ∼1.6 MPa along the EARS. Our dynamic velocity calculations confirm that a force contribution from GPE gradients alone is sufficient to drive Nubia‐Somalia divergence and that additional forcing from horizontal mantle tractions overestimates surface kinematics. Stresses from GPE gradients appear sufficient to sustain present‐day rifting in East Africa; however, they are lower than the vertically integrated strength of the lithosphere along most of the EARS. This indicates additional processes are required to initiate rupture of continental lithosphere, but once it is initiated, lithospheric buoyancy forces are enough to maintain rifting.
Statistical analysis of ULF seismomagnetic phenomena at Kakioka, Japan, during 2001–2010
Authors: Han Peng , Hattori Katsumi , Hirokawa Maiko , Zhuang Jiancang , Chen Chieh‐Hung , Febriani Febty , Yamaguchi Hiroki , Yoshino Chie , Liu Jann‐Yenq , Yoshida Shuji 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTo clarify and verify the ultralow frequency (ULF) seismomagnetic phenomena, we have performed statistical studies on the geomagnetic data observed at the Kakioka (KAK) station, Japan, during 2001–2010. We investigated the energy of ULF geomagnetic signals of the frequency around 0.01 Hz using wavelet transform analysis. To minimize the influences of artificial noises and global geomagnetic perturbations, we used only the geomagnetic data observed at nighttime (LT 2:30 A.M. to 4:00 A.M.) and utilized observations from a remote station, Kanoya, as a reference. Statistical results of superposed epoch analysis have indicated that ULF magnetic anomalies are more likely to appear before sizable earthquake events (Es > 108) rather than after them, especially 6–15 days before the events. Further statistical investigations show clearly that the ULF geomagnetic anomalies at KAK station are more sensitive to larger and closer events. Finally, we have evaluated the precursory information of ULF geomagnetic signals for local sizable earthquakes using Molchan's error diagram. The probability gain is around 1.6 against a Poisson model. The above results have indicated that the ULF seismomagnetic phenomena at KAK clearly contain precursory information and have a possibility of improving the forecasting of large earthquakes.