bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR‐101 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor by Targeting Kruppel‐like Factor 6 in Glioblastoma Stem Cells
Authors: Yao Yi‐Long , Ma Jun , Wang Ping , Xue Yi‐Xue , Li Zhen , Zhao Li‐Ni , Li Zhi‐Qing , Feng Tian‐Da , Liu Yun‐Hui 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackground and aimsGreat interest persists in useful therapeutic targets in glioblastoma (GBM). Deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) expression has been associated with cancer formation through alterations in gene targets. In this study, we reported the role of miR‐101 in human glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and the potential mechanisms.Methods and resultsQuantitative real‐time PCR showed that miR‐101 expression was decreased in GSCs. Overexpression of miR‐101 reduced the proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted apoptosis of GSCs. One direct target of miR‐101, the transcription factor Kruppel‐like factor 6 (KLF6), was identified using the Dual‐Luciferase Reporter Assay System, which mediated the tumor suppressor activity of miR‐101. This process was coincided with the reduced expression of Chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (CHI3L1) whose promoter could be bound with and be promoted by KLF6 demonstrated by luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The downregulation of CHI3L1 led to the inactivation of MEK1/2 and PI3K signal pathways. Furthermore, nude mice carrying the tumors of overexpressed miR‐101 combined with knockdown of KLF6 produced the smallest tumors and showed the highest survival rate.ConclusionsOur findings provided a comprehensive analysis of miR‐101 and further defining it as a potential therapeutic candidate for GBM.
Training and practice of cytotechnologists: a discussion forum focused on Europe
Authors: Herbert A. , Anic V. , Cochand‐Priollet B. , Dina R. , Ehya H. , Eide M.‐L. , Fabre M. , Field A. , Kapila K. , Kardum‐Skelin I. , Oliveira M. H. , Olszewski W. , Önal B. , Nasioutziki M. , Nayar R. , Nielsen K. , Shabalova I. , Schmitt F. , Tötsch M. , Wilson A. , Vass L. , Zeppa P. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo discuss the role and training of cytotechnologists (CTs) in Europe, to identify areas of good practice and to provide an informed opinion to those providing guidelines for training and practice in Europe.MethodsAll members of the Editorial Advisory Board ofCytopathologywere invited to take part in a ‘discussion forum’ for which six topics were circulated in advance concerning the roles ofCTs with regard to: (1) pre‐screening slides; (2) ‘signing out’ reports; (3) carrying out ancillary techniques; (4) supervising laboratory staff; (5) taking part in rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) of fine needle aspirates (FNAs); and (6) whetherCTs were trained specifically in cytopathology or in general histopathology. Notes of the meeting were circulated by email and a final report was agreed by 22 participants from 17 predominantly European countries.ResultsTraining forCTs throughout Europe was variable, especially for non‐gynaecological cytology, which was inconsistent with the range of activities required. The participants recommended graduate entry, preliminary training in general laboratory technology, and subsequent training to take account of the probability and, in some centres, the reality of primary cervical cancer screening changing from cytology to human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. They further recommended thatCTs should performHPVtests and take part inROSEforFNAs, and they supported the European Federation of Cytology Societies developing guidelines for training and practice.ConclusionWithCTtraining added to a university‐based education in laboratory or biomedical science, a career in cytotechnology should be an attractive option involving a diverse range of laboratory and clinically based activities.
Whose idea is it anyway? The importance of reputation in acknowledgement
Authors: Shaw Alex , Olson Kristina 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSix‐year‐old children negatively evaluate plagiarizers just as adults do (Olson & Shaw, 2011), but why do they dislike plagiarizers? Children may think plagiarism is wrong because plagiarizing negatively impacts other people's reputations. We investigated this possibility by having 6‐ to 9‐year‐old children evaluate people who shared their own or other people's ideas (stories). In Experiment 1, we found that children consider it acceptable to retell someone else's story if the source is given credit for their story (improving the source's reputation), but not if the reteller claims credit for the story (steals credit away from someone else). Experiments 2 and 3 showed that children do not consider it bad to lie by giving someone else credit for one's own good story (improving someone else's reputation), but do consider it bad to give someone else credit for one's own bad story (improving one's own reputation at the expense of someone else's). Experiment 4 demonstrated that children think it is equally bad to take credit for someone else's idea for oneself as it is to take someone else's idea and give credit to someone else, suggesting that children dislike when others take credit away from someone else, regardless of whether or not it improves the plagiarizer's reputation. Our results suggest that children dislike plagiarism because it negatively affects others' reputations by taking credit away from them.
Macroecology of global bryophyte invasions at different invasion stages
Authors: Essl Franz , Dullinger Stefan , Moser Dietmar , Steinbauer Klaus , Mang Thomas 
Published: September 2014

In this study we provide the first comprehensive assessment of the environmental and anthropogenic factors driving bryophyte invasions worldwide. We compiled data of alien bryophyte distributions from 82 regions on five continents and oceanic islands and region specific variables. For each species, we collected data on its region‐specific invasion stage, i.e. casual (ephemeral) vs naturalized (persistent) occurrences, and we differentiated between known aliens and those which are likely to be alien (cryptogenic). We used these data to test how species attributes, environmental and socio‐economic conditions of the study areas as well as introduction effort affect invasion probabilities at different invasion stages and of known alien vs cryptogenic species. We collected information on species’ attributes (native range size and location, niche breadth, habitat affiliation), and calculated variables characterising the environmental, biogeographic and socio‐economic features of the native and recepient regions. Subsequently, we related the probability of alien occurrence across different invasion stages with these species‐ and region‐wise predictor variables using generalized linear mixed effects models.Greater native range size raised the likelihood that a species becomes alien or cryptogenic. Islands are more invaded by alien (and cryptogenic) bryophytes than continental regions. Native range size and socio‐economic activity increase the likelihood that a species becomes alien or cryptogenic elsewhere. Interestingly, among alien bryophytes naturalizations occur more frequently in regions of the complementary hemisphere than in regions of their native hemisphere. In general, regions in the Southern Hemisphere have higher numbers of naturalized bryophytes.We conclude that there is a conspicuous change in factors determining bryophyte invasions at different invasion stages. Whereas alien and cryptogenic bryophyte species occurrences are more frequent on islands and depend on native range size, and hence probably propagule pressure, naturalized bryophytes are more frequent in areas which are biogeographically separated but climatically similar to the native ranges.
Food plant and herbivore host species affect the outcome of intrinsic competition among parasitoid larvae
Authors: POELMAN ERIK H. , GOLS RIETA , GUMOVSKY ALEX V. , CORTESERO ANNE‐MARIE , DICKE MARCEL , HARVEY JEFFREY A. 
Published: September 2014

1. In nature, several parasitoid species often exploit the same stages of a common herbivore host species and are able to coexist despite competitive interactions amongst them. Less is known about the direct effects of resource quality on intrinsic interactions between immature parasitoid stages. The present study is based on the hypothesis that variation in the quality or type of plant resources on which the parasitoids indirectly develop may be complementary and thus facilitate niche segregation favouring different parasitoids in intrinsic competition under different dietary regimes.2. The present study investigated whether two herbivore species, the cabbage butterflies Pieris brassicae and Pieris rapae (Pieridae), and the quality of two important food plants, Brassica oleracea and Brassica nigra (Brassicaceae), affect the outcome of intrinsic competition between their primary larval endoparasitoids, the gregarious Cotesia glomerata (Braconidae) and the solitary Hyposoter ebeninus (Ichneumonidae).3. Hyposoter ebeninus is generally an intrinsically superior competitor over C. glomerata. However, C. glomerata survived more antagonistic encounters with H. ebeninus when both developed in P. brassicae rather than in P. rapae caterpillars, and while its host was feeding on B. nigra rather than B. oleracea. Moreover, H. ebeninus benefitted from competition by its higher survival in multiparasitised hosts.4. These results show that both plant and herbivore species mediate the battleground on which competitive interactions between parasitoids are played out and may affect the outcomes of these interactions in ways that enable parasitoids to segregate their niches. This in turn may promote coexistence among parasitoid species that are associated with the same herbivore host.
Excessive disgust caused by brain lesions or temporary inactivations: mapping hotspots of the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum
Authors: Ho Chao‐Yi , Berridge Kent C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDisgust is a prototypical type of negative affect. In animal models of excessive disgust, only a few brain sites are known in which localized dysfunction (lesions or neural inactivations) can induce intense ‘disgust reactions’ (e.g. gapes) to a normally pleasant sensation such as sweetness. Here, we aimed to map forebrain candidates more precisely, to identify where either local neuronal damage (excitotoxin lesions) or local pharmacological inactivation (muscimol/baclofen microinjections) caused rats to show excessive sensory disgust reactions to sucrose. Our study compared subregions of the nucleus accumbens shell, ventral pallidum, lateral hypothalamus, and adjacent extended amygdala. The results indicated that the posterior half of the ventral pallidum was the only forebrain site where intense sensory disgust gapes in response to sucrose were induced by both lesions and temporary inactivations (this site was previously identified as a hedonic hotspot for enhancements of sweetness ‘liking’). By comparison, for the nucleus accumbens, temporary GABA inactivations in the caudal half of the medial shell also generated sensory disgust, but lesions never did at any site. Furthermore, even inactivations failed to induce disgust in the rostral half of the accumbens shell (which also contains a hedonic hotspot). In other structures, neither lesions nor inactivations induced disgust as long as the posterior ventral pallidum remained spared. We conclude that the posterior ventral pallidum is an especially crucial hotspot for producing excessive sensory disgust by local pharmacological/lesion dysfunction. By comparison, the nucleus accumbens appears to segregate sites for pharmacological disgust induction and hedonic enhancement into separate posterior and rostral halves of the medial shell.
Habitat associations of dolphinfish larvae in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Kitchens Larissa L. , Rooker Jay R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of the northern Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) as essential habitat of common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) and pompano dolphinfish (C. equiselis) during early life and to characterize conditions in which they were found. Eight ichthyoplankton surveys were conducted during the summer months from 2007 to 2010 in northern Gulf waters off Texas and Louisiana (26–28°N, 87–93°W), during which 1145 dolphinfish larvae were collected. C. hippurus, the dominant dolphinfish species, were collected in 57% of sampling sites with an overall mean density of 0.73 larvae 1000 m−3, whereas C. equiselis were only collected at 18% of sites with a mean density of 0.12 larvae 1000 m−3. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to examine the relationship between several environmental parameters and C. hippurus presence/absence and density. Both presence/absence and density GAMs indicated that catches of C. hippurus larvae increased near fronts and eddies and that increased abundances were most strongly associated with higher salinities and cooler temperatures. In addition, our models showed that C. hippurus larvae were positively associated with C. equiselis larvae, suggesting that C. hippurus and C. equiselis use similar habitats. Results of this study indicate that the Gulf may represent important spawning and/or nursery habitat of dolphinfishes and that mesoscale features and physicochemical conditions influence the distribution and abundance of C. hippurus larvae in this region.
Transport of Groundwater, Heat, and Radiogenic He in Topography‐Driven Basins
Authors: Han Weon Shik , Kim Kue‐Young , Jung Na‐Hyun , Park Eungyu , Solomon D.K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe goal of the study is to assess the feasibility of characterizing the caprock integrity by utilizing sampled helium (He) concentration in fluids and temperature measurement prior to CO2 injection. A series of simulations representing pre‐CO2 injection phase was conducted to reveal the spatial distribution of groundwater, temperature, and He concentration under various geologic conditions of topographically driven basin. Then, their profiles in preinjection conditions were compared with dynamic signatures of both injection‐induced pressure and leaked brine concentration at post‐CO2 injection conditions. In the topographic basin, He and heat transports generally show analogous transport except the low‐permeability basin where the conductive heat and diffusive solute transports are the primary transport mechanisms. The transition occurred at permeabilities between 10−15 and 10−14 m2. Inclusion of low‐k layer (low‐k layer: 10−16 m2 and surrounding basin: 10−13 m2) segregates shallow and deep groundwater system and creates a 3‐km single large free convection of groundwater driven by unevenly distributed thermal profile of basin. Finally, He and temperature profiles with high‐k pathways at pre‐CO2 injection scenarios and NaCl mass fractions at post‐CO2 injection showed systematic trends and relationships, suggesting that proper understanding of these trends will aid to identify the seal integrity.
Analysis of the Groundwater Monitoring Controversy at the Pavillion, Wyoming Natural Gas Field
Authors: Stephens Daniel B. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was contacted by citizens of Pavillion, Wyoming 6 years ago regarding taste and odor in their water wells in an area where hydraulic fracturing operations were occurring. EPA conducted a field investigation, including drilling two deep monitor wells, and concluded in a draft report that constituents associated with hydraulic fracturing had impacted the drinking water aquifer. Following extensive media coverage, pressure from state and other federal agencies, and extensive technical criticism from industry, EPA stated the draft report would not undergo peer review, that it would not rely on the conclusions, and that it had relinquished its lead role in the investigation to the State of Wyoming for further investigation without resolving the source of the taste and odor problem. Review of the events leading up to EPA's decision suggests that much of the criticism could have been avoided through improved preproject planning with clear objectives. Such planning would have identified the high national significance and potential implications of the proposed work. Expanded stakeholder involvement and technical input could have eliminated some of the difficulties that plagued the investigation. However, collecting baseline groundwater quality data prior to initiating hydraulic fracturing likely would have been an effective way to evaluate potential impacts. The Pavillion groundwater investigation provides an excellent opportunity for improving field methods, report transparency, clarity of communication, and the peer review process in future investigations of the impacts of hydraulic fracturing on groundwater.
A qualitative insight of HIV/AIDS patients' perspective on disease and disclosure
Authors: Syed Imran Ahmed , Syed Sulaiman Syed Azhar , Hassali Mohammad Azmi , Thiruchelvum Kaeshalya , Lee Christopher K.C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding patients' knowledge and belief towards disease could play a vital role from an outcome perspective of disease management and HIV/AIDS patients are not exception to that.MethodsQualitative methodology was used to explore Malaysian HIV/AIDS patients' perspectives on disease and status disclosure. A semi structured interview guide was used to interview the patients and a saturation point was reached after the 13th interview. All interviews were audio‐recorded and subjected to a standard content analysis framework.ResultsUnderstandings and beliefs towards HIV/AIDS and Perspective on disease disclosures were two main themes derived from patients' data. Beliefs towards causes and cure emerged as sub‐themes under disease understandings while reasons for disclosure and non‐disclosure were resulted as main sub‐themes under disease disclosure. Majority of patients apprehended HIV/AIDS and its causes to acceptable extent, there were elements of spirituality and lack of education involved with such understandings. Though beliefs existed that knowing status is better than being ignorant, fear of stigma and discrimination, social consequences and family emotions were found important elements linked to disease non‐disclosure.ConclusionsThe outcomes provided basic information about patients' perceptions towards disease and status disclosure among HIV/AIDS patients which can help in the designing and improvising existing strategies to enhance disease awareness and acceptance and will also serve as baseline data for future research further focusing on this subject.
Novel Lead‐free Glass/Ceramics System with Low Permittivity, Low Loss for LTCC Application
Authors: Zeng Dongqing , Xu Jian , Chen Yibin , Chen Wenwei , Yu Yanping , Wang Haohao , Zeng Renjie 
Published: September 2014

The lead‐free, low‐softening point ZnO‐Bi2O3‐B2O3 glass with low permittivity, low loss and small coefficient of thermal expansion was prepared by melt‐quenching method. ZnO‐Bi2O3‐B2O3 glass + Al2O3 system were prepared below 850°C by the conventional ceramic route. Sintering behavior and microstructure of this system were investigated using X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopic techniques. Results revealed that ZnO‐Bi2O3‐B2O3 glass and Al2O3 reacted during the firing process, which led to the formation of ZnAl2O4. Glass concentration needed to be 65 wt% for better densification. The dense system sintered at 825°C for 30 min exhibited good dielectric properties: small permittivity of 5.73 and low loss tangent of 8.94 × 10−4 at 1 MHz. Its coefficient of thermal expansion (5.57 × 10−6/K) well matched to that of GaAs chip (5.6 × 10−6/K). The bending strength was also characterized (129.9 MPa). The prepared system was suitable for LTCC application.
Incidence of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis in edentulous patients with an implant‐retained mandibular overdenture during a 10‐year follow‐up period
Authors: Meijer Henny J. A. , Raghoebar Gerry M. , de Waal Yvonne C. M. , Vissink Arjan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this sub‐analysis of two prospective studies was to assess the incidence of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis in fully edentulous patients with an implant‐retained mandibular overdenture during a 10‐year follow‐up period.Material and MethodsOne hundred and fifty edentulous patients with two endosseous implants to support a mandibular overdenture were available from two prospective studies. Clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed at 5 and 10 years of functional loading. Incidence of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis were calculated at implant level and patient level following the Consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology on peri‐implant diseases.ResultsIncidence of peri‐implant mucositis at patient level was 51.9% after 5 years of evaluation and 57.0% after 10 years. Incidence of peri‐implantitis at patient level was 16.9% after 5 years of evaluation and 29.7% after 10 years.ConclusionPeri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis do occur in totally edentulous patients and incidence numbers are high.
Phylogenetic Position of the Genus Cyrtostrombidium, with a Description of Cyrtostrombidium paralongisomum nov. spec. and a Redescription of Cyrtostrombidium longisomum Lynn & Gilron, 1993 (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Based on Live Observation, Protargol Impregnation, and 18S rDNA Sequences
Authors: Tsai Sheng‐Fang , Chen Wei‐Ting , Chiang Kuo‐Ping 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe redescribe Cyrtostrombidium longisomum Lynn & Gilron, 1993, the type species of the genus Cyrtostrombidium, and describe the new species Cyrtostrombidium paralongisomum n. sp. using live observation, protargol staining and molecular data. The morphological characters of these two species are clearly distinct, i.e., dikinetid numbers in the girdle and ventral kineties; however, it is difficult to separate them by 18S rDNA sequences because they differ by only 8 bp, indicating that 18S rDNA sequences are insufficient for separating different species in the genus Cyrtostrombidium. We not only observed the position of the oral primordium in the genus Cyrtostrombidium but also observed a possibly homoplasious trait, a dorsal split in the girdle kinety, in (1) Apostrombidium, (2) Varistrombidium, and (3) Cyrtostrombidium/Williophrya. This partially supports the hypothesis of somatic ciliary pattern evolution recently put forth by Agatha and Strüder‐Kypke.
From the Genome to the Phenome: Tools to Understand the Basic Biology of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Webster Wesley A. J. , McFadden Geoffrey I. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMalaria plagues one out of every 30 humans and contributes to almost a million deaths, and the problem could worsen. Our current therapeutic options are compromised by emerging resistance by the parasite to our front line drugs. It is thus imperative to better understand the basic biology of the parasite and develop novel drugs to stem this disease. The most facile approach to analyse a gene's function is to remove it from the genome or inhibit its activity. Although genetic manipulation of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is a relatively standard procedure, there is no optimal method to perturb genes essential to the intraerythrocytic development cycle—the part of the life cycle that produces the clinical manifestation of malaria. This is a severe impediment to progress because the phenotype we wish to study is exactly the one that is so elusive. In the absence of any utilitarian way to conditionally delete essential genes, we are prevented from investigating the parasite's most vulnerable points. This review aims to focus on the development of tools identifying essential genes of P. falciparum and our ability to elicit phenotypic mutation.