bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Route to Highly Functionalized Chalcone‐Based Pyranocoumarins via Iodine‐Promoted Michael Addition Followed by Cyclization of 4‐Hydroxycoumarins.
Authors: Ahmed Naseem , Babu B. Venkata 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAn effective and regioselective method to synthesize highly functionalized pyranocoumarin derivatives (III) (34 examples) from 4‐hydroxycoumarin (I) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyridin‐2‐one via Michael Addition of in situ‐Generated Enaminones.
Authors: Kumar J. B. Senthil , Kumari Neeta , Luthra Pratibha Mehta 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA facile one‐pot synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives (III) (13 examples) under solvent‐ and catalyst‐free conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Substituted 1,2‐Dihydroquinolines as Anticancer Agents: Electronic Control of Redox Stability, Assessment of Antiproliferative Effects, and Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Victor Napoleon John , Sakthivel Ramasamy , Muraleedharan Kannoth Manheri , Karunagaran Devarajan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe compounds (III) and (V) show promising anticancer activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, G‐Quadruplex Stabilization, Docking Studies, and Effect on Cancer Cells of Indolo[3,2‐b]quinolines with One, Two, or Three Basic Side Chains.
Authors: Lavrado Joao , Borralho Pedro M. , Ohnmacht Stephan A. , Castro Rui E. , Rodrigues Cecilia M. P. , Moreira Rui , dos Santos Daniel J. V. A. , Neidle Stephen , Paulo Alexandra 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe synthesized compounds, especially compounds (IIIb) and (IVb) show high G‐Quadruplex (G4) thermal stabilization over duplex DNA and selectivity for the HCT116 cancer cell line over primary rat hepatocytes.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Induced Solvent‐Free Synthesis and Antifungal Screening of Novel Spiro Heterocyclic Systems Containing 3,5‐Diphenyl‐7H‐thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine and Indolin‐2‐one.
Authors: Singh Divya , Fatma Shahin , Ankit Preyas , Mishra Priya , Singh Sarita , Singh Shyam Babu , Singh Jagdamba 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA facile, environmentally benign and economic synthesis of spiro compounds (V) (7 examples) incorporating two biologically important heterocycles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Confined Zeolite System: An Approach Towards Water Mediated Room Temperature Synthesis of Spiro[pyrazolo[3,4‐e]benzothiazepines].
Authors: Arya Kapil , Prabhakar Biswajeet 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe applied catalytic system can be recycled at least five times without losing its catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Hemilabile N‐Xylyl‐N′‐methylperimidine Carbene Iridium Complexes as Catalysts for C—H Activation and Dehydrogenative Silylation: Dual Role of N‐Xylyl Moiety for ortho‐C—H Bond Activation and Reductive Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Choi Gyeongshin , Tsurugi Hayato , Mashima Kazushi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNewly developed Ir‐catalysts are used for the direct dehydrogenative silylation of pyridyl and iminyl‐derived arenes with triethylsilane giving selectively the monosilylated products in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐Markovnikov Hydrophosphoroselenoylation of Alkenes Using Phosphorodiselenoic Acid Esters Leading to the Formation of Phosphonoselenoic Acid Esters.
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Maekawa Yuuki , Monzaki Masaki , Ando Takafumi , Maruyama Toshifumi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractChiral phosphorodiselenoic acid esters (I) reacts with alkenes to afford a variety of phosphonoselenoic acid esters [16 examples], which are readily converted into phosphoric acid esters and phosphonite‐boranes.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenolic Amides from the Fruits of Tribulus terrestris and Their Inhibitory Effects on the Production of Nitric Oxide.
Authors: Hong Seong Su , Jeong Wonsik , Kwon Jin Gwan , Choi Yun‐Hyeok , Ahn Eun‐Kyung , Ko Han‐Jik , Seo Dong‐Wan , Oh Joa Sub 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA new phenolic amide, named as tribulusamide D (I), is isolated together with four already known phenolic amide derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiplasmodial and Larvicidal Compounds of Toddalia asiatica Root Bark
Authors: Nyahanga T. , Jondiko J. Isaac , Manguro L. Onyango Arot , Orwa J. Atieno 
Published: February 2014

Abstractisolation, antiplasmodial and larvicidal activities of eight compounds from the plant root bark, of which compounds (Ic), (II), and (III) are characterized by 13C‐NMR for the first time
Synthesis of Porous Nanoparticle Layers on Arbitrary Substrates by Means of Low Pressure Impaction
Authors: Zeng Lintao , Weber Alfred P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMittels Niederdruckimpaktion wurden durch Sprühtrocknung hergestellte poröse Ausgangspartikeln, sogenannte Building Blocks, zu einer porösen Schicht auf einem Substrat aufgebaut. Die Wachstumsrate der Schicht hängt von der Impaktionszeit und vom Kammerdruck ab. Die Porosität der Schichten lässt sich über den Impaktionsdruck kontrollieren. Die in diesem Experiment gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können für das Aufbringen von dreidimensionalen porösen Schichten mit einstellbarer Porengrößenverteilung auf beliebigen Substraten verwendet werden.
Optimizing detection of RET and PPARg rearrangements in thyroid neoplastic cells using a home‐brew tetracolor probe
Authors: Caria Paola , Frau Daniela V. , Dettori Tinuccia , Boi Francesco , Lai Maria L. , Mariotti Stefano , Vanni Roberta 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify specific DNA target sequences in the nuclei of nondividing cells of numerous solid neoplasms has contributed to the introduction of molecular cytogenetics as a useful adjunct to cytology, leading recently to the “marriage” of the 2 disciplines. Numerous cancer molecular markers can now be investigated using different technical approaches, at both the gene and expression levels, in biopsies of various suspected cancers, including differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The limited amount of bioptic material is often insufficient to carry out multiple tests, and optimizing handling of the biopsy is desirable.METHODSWe have developed a home‐brew tetracolor break‐apart probe able to simultaneously identify the 2 most common genetic alterations in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: RET/PTC variants in papillary thyroid carcinoma and PAX8/PPARg fusion and variants in follicular thyroid carcinoma.RESULTSThe probe had 100% specificity, 99.5% sensitivity, and ≥3% cutoff. The probe was tested on RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARg RT‐PCR positive controls, and feasibility was assessed in 368 thyroid nodule fine‐needle aspirations (FNA). In the latter analysis, 24 FNAs had split RET signal, and 9 had split PPARg signal. FISH analysis of available surgically removed nodules confirmed the sensitivity of FISH in detecting abnormal clones and oligoclones.CONCLUSIONSThe home‐brew tetracolor probe showed high feasibility, optimizing the use of the biological material in relation to the available molecular tests and maximizing the FISH experimental and slide‐scoring times. This probe may be considered an alternative to RT‐PCR when recovery and quality of RNA amplification from FNA are insufficient. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:377–385. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer Cytopathology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
A CO2 Sensor Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with a Sensitive Membrane
Authors: Muraoka Shigenobu , Kiyohara Yuya , Oue Hiroyoshi , Higashimoto Shinya 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYWe attempted to fabricate a CO2 sensor that utilizes a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) coated with an acrylonitrile–styrene copolymer (AS) sensitive membrane. The concentration of CO2 gas diluted with dry N2 gas was determined by measuring the shift in the resonant frequency of the QCM. Since the Earth's atmosphere consists of N2, O2, CO2, Ar, and moisture, the sensitivity of the QCM to Ar, O2, and humidity was also examined. It was shown that AS‐coated QCMs are sensitive not only to CO2 but also to humidity, but are insensitive to O2 and Ar. The relationship between the concentration of CO2 gas diluted with damp N2 gas and the frequency shifts in the QCMs was examined. It was found that the frequency shift compensated for humidity is almost the same as the frequency shift caused by CO2 gas diluted with dry N2 gas. Hence, it was demonstrated that the concentration of CO2 gas in the Earth's atmosphere can be measured using a QCM. It was also found that the sensitivities to the concentration of CO2 and to humidity increase with increasing thickness of the AS membrane.
Reduction of Vibration in Concentrated Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor by Means of Skew Effects of Rotor
Authors: Takahata Ryoichi , Wakui Shinichi , Miyata Kenji , Noma Keiji , Senoo Masaharu 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYGlobal warming and the problem of successfully incorporating environmental safeguards are promoting the need for a more power‐efficient motor. Therefore, as a driving source, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with concentrated winding are widely used in a variety of fields. However, a PMSM with a concentrated winding generates more vibration than one with a distributed winding because of the radial electromagnetic force. This paper describes the effect of a new skewed rotor on the characteristics of a concentrated winding PMSM. We investigated this effect by three‐dimensional finite element method (3D FEM) analysis and measurement. We also demonstrate that the proposed rotor is effective in reducing the radial electromagnetic force without decreasing motor efficiency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 187(2): 33–43, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22400
Pupil diameter covaries with BOLD activity in human locus coeruleus
Authors: Murphy Peter R. , O'Connell Redmond G. , O'Sullivan Michael , Robertson Ian H. , Balsters Joshua H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe locus coeruleus‐noradrenergic (LC–NA) neuromodulatory system has been implicated in a broad array of cognitive processes, yet scope for investigating this system's function in humans is currently limited by an absence of reliable non‐invasive measures of LC activity. Although pupil diameter has been employed as a proxy measure of LC activity in numerous studies, empirical evidence for a relationship between the two is lacking. In the present study, we sought to rigorously probe the relationship between pupil diameter and BOLD activity localized to the human LC. Simultaneous pupillometry and fMRI revealed a relationship between continuous pupil diameter and BOLD activity in a dorsal pontine cluster overlapping with the LC, as localized via neuromelanin‐sensitive structural imaging and an LC atlas. This relationship was present both at rest and during performance of a two‐stimulus oddball task, with and without spatial smoothing of the fMRI data, and survived retrospective image correction for physiological noise. Furthermore, the spatial extent of this pupil/LC relationship guided a volume‐of‐interest analysis in which we provide the first demonstration in humans of a fundamental characteristic of animal LC activity: phasic modulation by oddball stimulus relevance. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential for utilizing pupil diameter to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the LC–NA system in human cognition. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4140–4154, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Time series analysis of the world's longest fluvial nitrate record: evidence for changing states of catchment saturation
Authors: Worrall Fred , Howden Nicholas J. K. , Burt Tim P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractProcesses that drive the occurrence of nitrate concentrations in surface waters are known to operate over many decades longer than the available observations. This study considers the world's longest water quality record of nitrate concentrations in the River Thames (1868–2009) in order to understand whether the nature of the time series has changed with time and such external drivers as climate change and land use of hydrology. The study considers the linear trend, the seasonality, the memory and the impulsivity relative to river flow of the time series for moving windows of 6 years in length. The study can show that:Time series analysis proved effective at discriminating controls upon the nitrate concentration in the long term as different components of the record respond to different drivers in different ways.There was decoupling of the annual minimum, annual maximum and the amplitude of the seasonal cycle.The nature of the time series is dominantly controlled by changes in source of nitrate and not by climate change.That even similar increases in nitrate concentration in surface waters can have distinct character that illustrates that they are the result of different sources of nitrate.Changes in the impulsivity of the record show that the study catchment has recovered from a state of saturation, but the memory effect shows that there is an increased contribution from a shallow groundwater. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the CMIP5 global climate model simulations of the western tropical Pacific climate system and comparison to CMIP3
Authors: Grose Michael R. , Brown Jaclyn N. , Narsey Sugata , Brown Josephine R. , Murphy Bradley F. , Langlais Clothilde , Gupta Alex Sen , Moise Aurel F. , Irving Damien B. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA set of 27 global climate models from the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble are assessed for their performance for the purpose of making future climate projection studies in the western tropical Pacific and differences to Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) are assessed. The CMIP5 models show some improvements upon CMIP3 in the simulation of the climate in the western tropical Pacific in the late 20th century. There are fewer CMIP5 models with very poor skill scores than in CMIP3 for some measures and a small group of the well‐performing models in CMIP5 have lower biases than in an equivalent group from CMIP3. These best‐performing models could be particularly informative for studying certain climate sensitivities and feedbacks in the region. There is evidence to reject one model as unsuitable for making regional climate projections in the region, and another two models unsuitable for analysis of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ). However, while there have been improvements, many of the systematic model biases in the mean climate in CMIP3 are also present in the CMIP5 models. They are primarily related to the shape of the transition between the Indo‐Pacific warm pool and equatorial cold tongue, and the associated biases in the position and orientation of the SPCZ and Inter‐Tropical Convergence Zone, as well as in the spatial pattern, variability and teleconnections of the West Pacific monsoon, and the simulation of El Niño Southern Oscillation. Overall, the results show that careful interpretation and consideration of biases is required when using CMIP5 outputs for generating regional climate projections for the western tropical Pacific, particularly at the country scale, just as there was with CMIP3.
A comparison of two 810 diode lasers for hair removal: Low fluence, multiple pass versus a high fluence, single pass technique
Authors: Koo Bonnie , Ball Kaity , Tremaine Anne‐Marie , Zachary Christopher B. 
Published: February 2014

Background & ObjectiveLaser hair removal has become an increasingly popular method to remove unwanted or excessive hair. We have assessed the relative efficacy and discomfort associated with competing hair removal techniques, namely a high average power 810 nm diode laser using an “in‐motion” technique with a market‐leading 810 nm device with a single‐pass vacuum‐assisted technique. This study has determined the long‐term (6–12 months) hair reduction efficacy and the relative pain induction intensities of these devices.Study Design/Materials and MethodsProspective, randomized, side‐by‐side comparison of either the legs or axillae was performed comparing the Soprano XL 810 nm diode in super hair removal (SHR) mode (Alma Lasers, Buffalo Grove, IL) hereafter known as the “in‐motion” device vs. the LightSheer Duet 810 nm diode laser (Lumenis) hereafter known as the “single pass” device. Five laser treatments were performed 6 to 8 weeks apart with 1, 6, and 12 months follow‐ups for hair counts. Pain was assessed in a subjective manner by the patients on a 10‐point grading scale. Hair count analysis was performed in a blinded fashion.ResultsThere was a 33.5% (SD 46.8%) and 40.7% (SD 41.8%) reduction in hair counts at 6 months for the single pass and in‐motion devices respectively (P = 0.2879). The average pain rating for the single pass treatment (mean 3.6, 95% CI: 2.8 to 4.5) was significantly (P = 0.0007) greater than the in‐motion treatment (mean 2.7, 95% CI 1.8 to 3.5).ConclusionsThis data supports the hypothesis that using diode lasers at low fluences and high average power with a multiple pass in‐motion technique is an effective method for hair removal, with less pain and discomfort, while maintaining good efficacy. The 6 month results were maintained at 12 month for both devices. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:270–274, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of growth parameters on the Mg acceptor in InxGa1‐xN:Mg and AlxGa1‐xN:Mg
Authors: Zvanut M. E. , Willoughby W. R. , Sunay U. R. , Koleske D. D. , Allerman A. A. , Wang Ke , Araki Tsutomu , Nanishi Yasushi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractInxGa1–xN and AlxGa1–xN alloys are used in many optoelectronic applications due to their tunable band gap, but p‐type doping remains a challenge. To better understand the Mg acceptor in nitride alloys, we investigate the effects of In or Al mole fraction, growth temperature and sample thickness on the amount of un‐ionized (neutral) Mg using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The results show that neither temperature nor thickness effects the concentration of the neutral Mg‐related acceptor defects; however, the mole fraction of metal, In or Al, alters the behavior of the dopant. For InxGa1–xN, a broadening of the EPR linewidth is shown to be directly related to the presence of a nearby In and is consistent with a lowering of the acceptor level. Incorporation of Al into GaN, on the other hand, produces a systematic decrease in the concentration of neutral Mg‐related acceptors as the amount of Al increases. Earlier studies indicate that the reduction is caused by incomplete hydrogen removal from the acceptor impurity. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of semipolar {11$ \bar 2 $2} GaN using SiNx intermediate layer by hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Ueno M. , Hashimoto Y. , Yamane K. , Okada N. , Tadatomo K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSemipolar {11‐22} plane GaN layer was grown using a SiNx intermediate layer by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). By optimizing the deposition time of the SiNx intermediate layer, the dislocation density decreased compared to that of a conventional {11‐22} GaN layer. The reduction in the dislocation density was due to three dimensional regrowth of the {11‐22} GaN layer at the interface. However, basal plane stacking faults (BSFs) were increased by use of the SiNx intermediate layer, and with increasing the SiNx deposition time. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Neonatal exposure to MK‐801 reduces mRNA expression of mGlu3 receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex of adolescent rats
Authors: Uehara Takashi , Sumiyoshi Tomiki , Rujescu Dan , Genius Just , Matsuoka Tadasu , Takasaki Ichiro , Itoh Hiroko , Kurachi Masayoshi 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSchizophrenia is considered as a “neurodegenerative” and “neurodevelopmental” disorder, the pathophysiology of which may include hypofunction of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDA‐R) or subsequent pathways. Accordingly, administration of NMDA‐R antagonists to rodents during the perinatal period may emulate some core pathophysiological aspects of schizophrenia. The effect of 4‐day (postnatal day; PD 7–10) administration of MK‐801, a selective NMDA‐R antagonist, on gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus, and amygdala was evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods. Specifically, we sought to determine whether genes related to Glu transmissions, for example those encoding for NMDA‐Rs, metabotropic Glu receptors (mGluRs), or Glu transporters, were altered by neonatal treatment with MK‐801. Model rats showed downregulation of the mGluR3 subtype in the mPFC around puberty, especially at PD 35 in response to MK‐801 or during ontogenesis without pharmacological manipulations. Genes encoding for other mGluRs subtypes, that is NMDA‐Rs and Glu transporters, were not affected by the neonatal insult. These results suggest that NMDA‐R antagonism in the early course of development modulates the expression of mGluR3 in mPFC around puberty. Thus, mGluR3 may serve as a potential target to prevent the onset and progression of schizophrenia. Synapse 68:202–208, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term contact fatigue analysis of a planetary bearing in a land‐based wind turbine drivetrain
Authors: Jiang Z. , Xing Y. , Guo Y. , Moan T. , Gao Z. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper presents an approach for performing a long‐term fatigue analysis of rolling element bearings in wind turbine gearboxes. Multilevel integrated analyses were performed using the aeroservoelastic code HAWC2, the multibody dynamics code SIMPACK, the three‐dimensional finite element code Calyx and a simplified lifetime prediction model for rolling contact fatigue. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's 750 kW wind turbine and its planetary bearing were studied. Design load cases, including normal production, parked and transient load cases, were considered. To obtain the internal bearing load distribution, an advanced approach combining a finite element/contact mechanics model and a response surface model were used. In addition, a traditional approach, the Harris model, was also applied for comparison. The long‐term probability distribution of the bearing raceway contact pressure range was then obtained using Weibull and generalized Gamma distribution functions. Finally, we estimated the fatigue life of the bearing, discussed the differences of the methods used to obtain the bearing internal loads and analyzed the effects of the environmental conditions and load cases on the results. The Harris model may underestimate the inner raceway life by 55.7%, which can cause large load fluctuations along the raceways. The bearing fatigue life is very sensitive to the wind distribution and less affected by the transient and parked load cases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.