bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electro osmotic flow of nanofluids within a porous symmetric tapered ciliated channel
Authors: Imran Ali , Abbas Mazhar , Awan Saeed Ehsan , Shoaib Muhammad , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this investigation, a comprehensive study has been made to reveal electro osmosis flow through a tapered ciliated symmetric porous channel. The flow is initiated due to metachronal dynamics of cilia. Axial electric field is deployed and thermal radiation phenomenon is scrutinised by applying convective conditions. The equations tackling the flow are non dimensionalized and simplified by capitalizing the low Reynolds number and long wave length approximations. Analytical solution is presented for well reputed Poissson equation and the axial velocity. Whereas, traverse velocity, temperature and nanofluids concentration profiles are examined numerically in MATHEMATICA. Variation of emerging crucial parameters on the velocity profile, temperature and concentration profiles, pressure gradient, pressure rise per wavelength, and on the velocity distribution inside the micro ciliated are exhibited with the aid of graphical deliberations. It worth to mention in this work that in case of tapered channel transverse velocity also has significant contribution in the flow, which is observed trivial in symmetric and non‐symmetric channel flows. Temperature of the nanofluid in the ciliated tapered channel is raised with permeability and thermal radiations phenomena and can be controlled with Helmholtz Smoluchowski velocity, and electroosmotic parameter. Pumping phenomena is affected with increase in Helmholtz Smoluchowski velocity and permeability. Reported investigation cover a informative insight about biological fluid system, may be beneficial for the understanding the flow through ductus efferentes of human reproductive tract since it assumed that cilia are responsible for the transport of sperm from rete testis to the epididymis, also have worth in cilia designed bio‐sensors and in certain drug delivery systems.
Planung von Radlogistik
Authors: Assmann Tom , Gade Andreas , Stiehm Sebastian 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Planung von Radlogistik ist bisher eine einzelfallbezogene Maßnahmenplanung. Das Kapitel stellt den Planungsprozess für Umschlagspunkte für die Radlogistik als kooperativen Prozess zwischen Logistik und Stadt dar. Im Folgenden gibt es einen Ausblick, wie Logistikplanung systematisch im Rahmen kommunaler Planung realisiert werden kann und muss.
Lösungsansätze für eine auf Lastenfahrräder ausgerichtete digitale Routenplanung
Authors: Engelhardt Maximilian , Malzahn Birte , Seeck Stephan , Quiter Daniel 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie zunehmende Urbanisierung und der anhaltende Trend zum Online-Shopping führen zu mehr Lieferverkehr in Städten. Der Einsatz fossiler Kraftstoffe bei den typischen Lieferfahrzeugen, wie LKW und Vans, steht dem Ziel vieler Städte, in wenigen Jahren klimaneutral zu sein, entgegen. Zudem erzeugen auch e-Vans durch Parken in zweiter Reihe Staus in den Innenstädten. Aus diesen Gründen werden immer häufiger elektro-unterstützte Lastenräder für den städtischen Warentransport eingesetzt. Technische Entwicklungen bei den Lastenfahrrädern erlauben neben Paketlieferungen auch den Transport von Stückgutsendungen. Allerdings haben Lastenräder im Vergleich zu größeren Fahrzeugen logistische Nachteile. Insbesondere müssen aufgrund der geringeren Ladekapazitäten mehr Touren in derselben Zeit gefahren werden. Digitale Routenplanungssysteme können helfen, die Tourenplanung zu optimieren und dadurch die Attraktivität von Lastenrädern für eine nachhaltigere Stadtlogistik zu steigern. Herkömmliche Routenplanungssysteme berücksichtigen jedoch nur selten lastenradspezifische Routeninformationen, da diese bisher nicht ausreichend digitalisiert sind. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt den Status quo digitaler Routenplanung für Lastenrädern. Es werden die spezifischen Anforderungen an solche Routenplanungssysteme zusammengestellt und Lösungsansätze zur Integration lastenradspezifischer Informationen in digitale Kartenmaterialien entwickelt. Ziel ist es, die Entwicklung von Routenplanungssystemen für gewerbliche Lastenräder zu erleichtern.
Planerische Instrumente zur Förderung der Lastenradlogistik
Authors: Mayregger Patrick , Thiemermann Andre , Schlott Marian , Assmann Tom , Fassnacht Lukas 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Radlogistik ist auch eine öffentliche Planungsaufgabe. Zwar werden Transportdienstleistungen in der Regel von privaten Unternehmen geplant und ausgeführt, doch die Städte und Gemeinden haben dennoch Einfluss auf das System des Urbanen Güterverkehrs. Dieses Kapitel beschreibt, wie die Radlogistik in der strategischen Güterverkehrsplanung der Städte und Gemeinden verankert werden sollte und gibt einen Überblick über Maßnahmenbereiche im Kompetenzbereich der Kommunen.
Infrastrukturen der Radlogistik
Authors: Knese Dennis 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Akzeptanz von Lastenrädern und der Radlogistik ist eng verbunden mit dem infrastrukturellen Angebot. Je besser die Infrastruktur für die Nutzung von Lastenrädern geeignet ist, desto höher ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit für steigende Lastenradanteile am Gesamtverkehr. Gleichzeitig haben Lastenräder gegenüber konventionellen Fahrrädern spezifische Merkmale, die bei der Infrastruktur- und Straßenraumgestaltung berücksichtigt werden müssen. Aktuell werden jedoch Lastenradnutzende oft bei ihren Fahrten durch die (nicht) vorhandene Infrastruktur behindert. Beispielsweise können Poller oder Umlaufgitter, eng gesteckte Kurvenradien auf Radwegen, unzureichende Fahrradabstellanlagen oder eine mangelnde Breite und Beschaffenheit von Radwegen zu potenziellen Hindernissen und Gefahrenstellen im Verkehrsgeschehen werden. Hinzu kommen fehlende oder mangelhafte Infrastrukturausstattungen für Logistikbetriebe, die einen Umstieg auf Lastenräder verhindern. So ist das Vorhandensein von Mikro-Hubs an geeigneten Standorten mit entsprechender Ausstattung insbesondere für die KEP-Branche eine essenzielle Voraussetzung zum Umstieg.
Gesetze und Regulierung zur Radlogistik
Authors: Assmann Tom 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungObwohl das Lastenrad als Verkehrs- und Transportmittel im europäischen Raum seit über 100 Jahren bekannt ist, wirft die rechtliche und regulatorische Situation vielfältige Fragen bei Nutzer:innen, Planer:innen und Bürger:innen auf. Grundsätzlich ist hier festzustellen, dass das Lastenrad ein Fahrrad mit allen Rechten und Pflichten ist. Jedoch bestehen Besonderheiten, die sich aus dem veränderten Fahrzeugdesign und Einsatzfeld im Vergleich zum klassischen Privatrad ergeben. Dieses Kapitel gibt deswegen einen Überblick zur aktuellen Gesetzeslage sowie geltenden Normen und Regularien, die Lastenräder, -anhänger, deren Einsatz in der Logistik und ihre Infrastrukturen betreffen.
Intermodale Radlogistik
Authors: Henninger Steffen 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungLastenräder haben die Vielfalt der Transportmittel erweitert. Der Umschlag von Lastenrädern auf andere Transportmittel erfolgt am häufigsten von Lieferwagen oder Lastkraftwagen, wobei der Umschlag von der Schiene auf Lastenräder ebenfalls in verschiedenen Projekten getestet wurde. Der Umschlag von Wasser auf Lastenräder ist ebenfalls möglich, und schiffbare Wasserstraßen bieten eine Alternative zur überlasteten Straße. Weitere Untersuchungen befassen sich mit dem Umschlag von der Luft oder von Rohrleitungen auf die Straßen und dem Einsatz von Seilbahnen in städtischen Gebieten. Insgesamt kann festgehalten werden, dass Lastenräder in den meisten intermodalen Logistikketten bereits Anwendung finden oder theoretisch bestimmte Bereiche gut abdecken können.
Next-to-eikonal corrections to dijet production in Deep Inelastic Scattering in the dilute limit of the Color Glass Condensate
Authors: Agostini Pedro , Altinoluk Tolga , Armesto Néstor 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We analyze the effects of next-to-eikonal corrections on dijet production in Deep Inelastic Scattering off nuclear targets in the framework of the Color Glass Condensate. They require the knowledge of correlators of fields in the target beyond those computed in the standard McLerran-Venugopalan model, specifically those between transverse and boost-enhanced components, and of the recoil of the fields. We neglect the latter, while for the former we develop a linear model valid for large nuclei. We considered the unpolarized cross sections for dijet production in the approximation of a homogenous dilute nucleus, obtaining simple analytic expressions for the cross sections at next-to-eikonal accuracy, valid in the limit of total dijet momentum and dijet momentum imbalance larger than the saturation scale of the nucleus. We perform a numerical study of the results at energies of the Electron Ion Collider, finding $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10%) effects in the cross sections at large total momentum. We also analyze the azimuthal asymmetries between total momentum and imbalance, finding that non-eikonal corrections induce odd azimuthal harmonics for the situation of jets with equal momentum fractions from the virtual photon, where they are absent in the eikonal approximation. Finally, in the eikonal approximation we have compared the results of our analytic expansion valid in the dilute limit of the target, and the full Color Glass Condensate results in the McLerran-Venugopalan model and their correlation limit. Our analytic expressions match the correlation limit ones in the region where both should be simultaneously valid and reproduce very well the full Color Glass Condensate results in its validity region.
Thermal partition function of $$ {J}_3{\overline{J}}_3 $$ deformed AdS3
Authors: Chakraborty Soumangsu , Giveon Amit , Hashimoto Akikazu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We derive a compact formula for the one-loop, bosonic string partition function of Euclideanized $$ {J}_3{\overline{J}}_3 $$

J
3

J
¯

3

deformed AdS3 with periodic Euclidean time as an integral transform of the partition function of the undeformed Euclideanized AdS3. Such a deformation is interpretable as an irrelevant “single-trace $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation” of the boundary. We will do this by first establishing a formal procedure to compute a worldsheet torus zero point function for an exactly marginal $$ J\overline{J} $$
J

J
¯

deformation of a sigma model with U(1)L × U(1)R global symmetry. We then describe how this procedure is implemented on SL(2, R) sigma model and its Euclidean continuation. Finally, we describe the embedding of the deformed SL(2, R) torus amplitude into critical string theory and interpret the result as the leading perturbative contribution to the thermal partition function of the deformed theory.
Emergence in string theory and Fermi gases
Authors: Hattab Jarod , Palti Eran 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Emergence Proposal suggests that some Swampland criteria, in particular on large field distances, are a consequence of the emergent nature of dynamics for fields in the infrared. In the context of type II string theory compactified on Calabi-Yau manifolds, it proposes that the cubic tree-level piece of the genus-zero prepotential is emergent from integrating out massive non-perturbative states. For a certain special non-compact Calabi-Yau, the blown-up conifold, it is known that the full all-genus prepotential can be matched onto the Grand Canonical potential of a two-dimensional Fermi gas. We propose here that this should be understood in the context of emergence: the prepotential is induced by integrating out the Fermi gas degrees of freedom. To make contact with the Swampland we need dynamical gravity, so compact Calabi-Yau manifolds. We show that for specifically the cubic term, an integrating out calculation also works for compact cases. In particular, the exact cubic term coefficient can be recovered from integrating out a Fermi gas for any compact Calabi-Yau that is an elliptic fibration over a reflexive toric base. We also propose a general map, for any one-parameter Calabi-Yau, between the Grand Canonical potential of the ultraviolet non-perturbative system and the period. In particular, this map leads to an emergent cubic term in the genus-zero prepotential for any such one-parameter model.
Finite modular majoron
Authors: Jung Tae Hyun , Kawamura Junichiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We point out that the accidental U(1)B−L symmetry can arise from a finite modular symmetry ΓN in the type-I seesaw. The finite modular symmetry is spontaneously broken in such a way that the residual $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_N^T $$

ℤ
N
T

discrete symmetry, associated with the T-transformation which shifts the modulus τ → τ + 1, remains unbroken. This discrete $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_N^T $$

ℤ
N
T

symmetry mimics U(1)B−L, and hence the majoron appears as a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson of U(1)B−L. Without introducing additional interactions, the modulus τ can be stabilized by the Coleman-Weinberg (CW) potential given by the Majorana mass terms of the right-handed neutrinos. We study cosmological implications of the majoron, with particular interests in the dark matter and dark radiation, where the latter may alleviate the Hubble tension. We also find that the CW potential can have a wide range of nearly exponential shape which prevents τ from overshooting, and makes the amount of dark radiation not too large.
Discrete Symplectic Fermions on Double Dimers and Their Virasoro Representation
Authors: Adame-Carrillo David 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA discrete version of the conformal field theory of symplectic fermions is introduced and discussed. Specifically, discrete symplectic fermions are realised as holomorphic observables in the double-dimer model. Using techniques of discrete complex analysis, the space of local fields of discrete symplectic fermions on the square lattice is proven to carry a representation of the Virasoro algebra with central charge $$-2$$

-
2

.
Thoracolumbar spinal cord injury: management, techniques, timing
Authors: Jug Marko , Komadina Radko , Wendt Klaus , Pape Hans Christoph , Bloemers Frank , Nau Christoph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcute traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a complex and heterogeneous injury, where the level of injury, injury severity, duration and degree of spinal cord compression, and blood pressure management seem to influence neurologic outcome. Although data in the literature seem to be inconsistent regarding the effectiveness of surgical decompression and spinal fixation in patients with thoracic and thoracolumbar tSCI, some single-center studies suggest that early surgical decompression may lead to a superior neurologic outcome, especially in patients with incomplete tSCI, suggesting surgical decompression to be performed as soon as possible. However, high energy injuries, especially to the upper thoracic levels, may be too severe to be influenced by surgical decompression, which may represent a critical second hit for the polytraumatized patient. Therefore, the surgeon first needs to critically evaluate the potential for neurologic recovery in each patient before determining the ideal timing of surgery. Circulatory stabilization must be achieved before surgical intervention, and minimally invasive procedures should be preferred. Invasive blood pressure monitoring should be started on admission, and maintenance of a MAP between 85 and 90 mmHg is recommended for a duration of 5–7 days, with special attention to the prevention of hypoxia, fever, acidosis and deep venous thrombosis. The role of a 24-hour infusion of high-dose MPSS is still controversial, but it may be offered at the discretion of the treating surgeon to adult patients within 8 h of acute tSCI as a treatment option, especially in the case of very early decompression or incomplete tSCI.
Impact of lateral cortical notching on biomechanical performance in cephalomedullary nailing for unstable pertrochanteric fractures
Authors: Sandriesser Sabrina , Ganser Niels , Hollensteiner Marianne , Trapp Oliver , Augat Peter 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In pertrochanteric femur fractures the risk for fracture healing complications increases with the complexity of the fracture. In addition to dynamization along the lag screw, successful fracture healing may also be facilitated by further dynamization along the shaft axis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical stability of additional axial notch dynamization compared to the standard treatment in an unstable pertrochanteric femur fracture treated with cephalomedullary nailing.

Methods
In 14 human cadaver femora, an unstable pertrochanteric fracture was stabilized with a cephalomedullary nail. Additional axial notch dynamization was enabled in half of the samples and compared against the standard treatment (n = 7). Interfragmentary motion, axial construct stiffness and load to failure were investigated in a stepwise increasing cyclic load protocol.

Results
Mean load to failure (1414 ± 234 N vs. 1428 ± 149 N, p = 0.89) and mean cycles to failure (197,129 ± 45,087 vs. 191,708 ± 30,490, p = 0.81) were equivalent for axial notch dynamization and standard treatment, respectively. Initial construct stiffness was comparable for both groups (axial notch dynamization 684 [593–775] N/mm, standard treatment 618 [497–740] N/mm, p = 0.44). In six out of seven specimens the additional axial dynamization facilitated interfragmentary compression, while maintaining its mechanical stability. After initial settling of the constructs, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups for either subsidence or rotation of the femoral head fragment (p ≤ 0.30).

Conclusion
Axial notch dynamization provided equivalent mechanical stability compared to standard treatment in an unstable pertrochanteric fracture. Whether the interfragmentary compression generated by axial notch dynamization will promote fracture healing through improved fracture reduction needs to be evaluated clinically.
Multiple chronic diseases and psychological distress among adults in the United States: the intersectionality of chronic diseases, race/ethnicity, immigration, sex, and insurance coverage
Authors: Adzrago David , Williams David R. , Williams Faustine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Psychological distress significantly contributes to the burdens of morbidity and mortality in the United States (U.S.), but our understanding is limited with regards to the risk factors associated with psychological distress. We used nationally representative data to examine (1) the comorbidities of chronic diseases and their risks for psychological distress and (2) the ways in which chronic diseases combine with demographic factors such as sex, race/ethnicity, immigration status, and health insurance coverage to affect the patterning of psychological distress.

Methods
We analyzed the 2005–2018 National Health Survey Interview cross-sectional data on U.S. adults aged ≥ 18 years (n = 351,457). We fitted sequential multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
There was a dose-response relationship between the number of chronic diseases and psychological distress, with increased number of chronic diseases associated with increased psychological distress risk. Females (vs. males) and those without health insurance (vs. insured) were more likely to experience psychological distress. Immigrants (vs. non-immigrants) and racial/ethnic minorities (vs. White individuals) were less likely to experience psychological distress. There were significant interactions between chronic diseases and insurance coverage, immigration status, and race/ethnicity, but the three-way interactions were not statistically significant with psychological distress: chronic disease status vs. immigration status vs. health insurance coverage, and chronic disease vs. race/ethnicity vs. immigration status.

Conclusion
The findings suggest a critical need to consider the complex ways in which chronic diseases and psychosocial factors combine to affect psychological distress and their implications for tailoring mental health screening, initiatives to reduce distress, and prevention strategies for effectively addressing health-related disparities in the general population.
Diel rhythms of fish frequentation in a temperate mesophotic antipatharian forest and sleeping behaviour of the red swallowtail perch Anthias anthias (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Bo Marzia , Costa Andrea , Coppari Martina , Enrichetti Francesco , Bavestrello Giorgio , Di Caro Aleandra , Canese Simonepietro , Betti Federico 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 21-day continuous monitoring of a highly tridimensional forest of the black coral Antipathella subpinnata (Ellis and Solander 1786) was carried out in the NW Mediterranean Sea at 63 m depth using an autonomous lander to investigate the diel short-term dynamics of the vagile fauna associated to the forest. The survey allowed to assess several aspects of the forest attractiveness and its use, especially by the ichthyofauna, including (i) the diversity and shifts of the fish community inhabiting three layers of the environment (seafloor, canopy, water column) between four light phases (dawn, day, dusk, night), (ii) the diel rhythm in forest use of the red swallowtail perch Anthias anthias (Linnaeus 1758) and its sleeping behaviour in terms of fidelity towards resting sites, duration of rests, and awakenings triggers, and, finally, (iii) the influence of biotic and abiotic variables on the fish behaviour. Considering that, so far, only spot censuses have been carried out in these habitats, this study provides a dynamic approach to the study of biodiversity in temperate mesophotic coral forests and offers an insight into the functioning of these complex and vulnerable ecosystems.
Volatile Organic Compound Metabolism on Early Earth
Authors: Ledford S. Marshall , Meredith Laura K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBiogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) constitute a significant portion of gas-phase metabolites in modern ecosystems and have unique roles in moderating atmospheric oxidative capacity, solar radiation balance, and aerosol formation. It has been theorized that VOCs may account for observed geological and evolutionary phenomena during the Archaean, but the direct contribution of biology to early non-methane VOC cycling remains unexplored. Here, we provide an assessment of all potential VOCs metabolized by the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). We identify enzyme functions linked to LUCA orthologous protein groups across eight literature sources and estimate the volatility of all associated substrates to identify ancient volatile metabolites. We hone in on volatile metabolites with confirmed modern emissions that exist in conserved metabolic pathways and produce a curated list of the most likely LUCA VOCs. We introduce volatile organic metabolites associated with early life and discuss their potential influence on early carbon cycling and atmospheric chemistry.