bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships of Multidimensional Factors to Diabetes Complications: A Cross-Sectional, Correlational Study
Authors: Heo Seongkum , Kang JungHee , Barbé Tammy , Kim JinShil , Bertulfo Tara F. , Troyan Pattie , Streit Linda , Slocumb Rhonda H. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Diabetes complications are prevalent in people with diabetes, causing considerable individual suffering and increased health costs. However, the relationships of multidimensional, modifiable, and nonmodifiable factors to diabetes complications and the role of diabetes distress have been rarely examined. Objective: The aims of this study were to examine the associations of age, sex, knowledge, self-efficacy, self-compassion, resilience, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, diabetes distress, social support, and body mass index with diabetes complications and to investigate the mediating role of diabetes distress. Methods: In this cross-sectional, correlational study, data on all study variables were collected from 148 people with diabetes through REDCap in 2023. Multiple regression analysis and the PROCESS macro for SPSS were used to address the aims. Results: Older age and higher levels of diabetes distress were associated with more diabetes complications. Depressive symptoms were associated with diabetes distress; and diabetes distress, but not depressive symptoms, was associated with diabetes complications, controlling for all other variables. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms and diabetes distress were directly or indirectly associated with diabetes complications, and diabetes distress was a mediator in the relationship between depressive symptoms and diabetes complications. Health care providers can target reduction of depressive symptoms and diabetes distress to reduce diabetes complications.
Nurses’ Perspectives Regarding Challenges of Providing Perinatal/Neonatal End-of-Life Care in a Regional Hospital: An Exploratory Qualitative Study
Authors: Kurt Aylin , Akkoç Betül 
Published: August 2024

Aim: This qualitative study aimed to explore nurses’ perspectives regarding the challenges of providing perinatal/neonatal end-of-life care in a regional hospital. Methods: This exploratory qualitative study was conducted with 20 nurses working in Turkey. Study data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured individual interviews. The interviews were then submitted to thematic analysis. Results: Three themes emerged from analyses of the interviews: (1) inadequate support for delivery of palliative care, (2) perceptions of family readiness, and (3) providing information/education to the family. The most prominent difficulties experienced by nurses were inadequacy of unit and equipment and lack of trained personnel. Another important issue that stood out was families’ not accepting the end-of-life care decision for the fetus or the neonate and their having unrealistic expectations. Conclusion: Study results have provided important considerations for regional isolated neonatal and perinatal units, and they will be used to inform clinical practice improvements, staff education support, policies/procedures, family support, and further research relating to end-of-life care provision for the most vulnerable babies and their families.
Prevalence of Common Child Mental Health Disorders Using Administrative Health Data and Parent Report in a Prospective Community-Based Cohort from Alberta, Canada: Prévalence des troubles communs de santé mentale de l’enfant à l’aide des données de santé administratives et des rapports des parents dans une cohorte prospective communautaire d’Alberta, Canada
Authors: Racine N. , Pitt T. , Premji S. , McDonald S.W. , Patten S.B. , Tough S. , Madigan S. 
Published: August 2024

Objective Knowing the prevalence of mental health difficulties in young children is critical for early identification and intervention. In the current study, we examine the agreement among three different data sources estimating the prevalence of diagnoses for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and emotional disorders (i.e., anxiety or mood disorder) for children between birth and 9 years of age. Methods Data from a prospective pregnancy cohort was linked with provincial administrative health data for children in Alberta, Canada. We report the positive agreement, negative agreement, and Cohen's Kappa of parent-reported child diagnoses provided by a health professional (“parent report”), exceeding a clinical cut-off on a standardized questionnaire completed by parents (the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 3rd edition [“BASC-3”]), and cumulative inpatient, outpatient, or physician claims diagnoses (“administrative data”). Results Positive and negative agreement for administrative data and parent-reported ADHD diagnoses were 70.8% and 95.6%, respectively, and 30.5% and 94.9% for administrative data and the BASC-3, respectively. For emotional disorders, administrative data and parent-reported diagnoses had a positive agreement of 35.7% and negative agreement of 96.30%. Positive and negative agreement for emotional disorders using administrative data and the BASC-3 were 20.0% and 87.4%, respectively. Kappa coefficients were generally low, indicating poor chance-corrected agreement between these data sources. Conclusions The data sources highlighted in this study provide disparate agreement for the prevalence of ADHD and emotional disorder diagnoses in young children. Low Kappa coefficients suggest that parent-reported diagnoses, clinically elevated symptoms using a standardized questionnaire, and diagnoses from administrative data serve different purposes and provide discrete estimates of mental health difficulties in early childhood. Plain Language Title: Prevalence of child mental health disorders according to different data sources in Canada
Ganoderic Acid A Suppresses Androgenindependent Cell Growth via the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lyu Qiao , Qu Yuan , Chen Jianfan , Chen Guo , Chen Zheng , Qu Lijun 
Published: August 2024

Objective The primary aim of this study is to investigate the specific effects and mechanisms of ganoderic acid A (GAA) on castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods We successfully established an androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP-AI). The LNCaP-AI cells demonstrated accelerated growth, elevated levels of androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and resistance to the drug enzalutamide. Then, we administered LNCaP-AI cells with GAA or a control and determined the cell growth rate. Next, LNCaP-AI cells with and without GAA treatment were subjected to RNA-seq for mRNA sequencing. The genes were subjected to a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. We also checked the expression levels of the targeted genes. Finally, normal LNCaP or LNCaP-AI cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice to further confirm the effect of GAA. Results Experiments showed that GAA effectively suppressed the growth rate, PSA secretion, migration, and invasion of LNCaP-AI cells. The results of a subsequent RNA-seq analysis identified the PI3K/AKT pathway as the key signaling pathway influenced by GAA. Notably, AKT and GSK-3β phosphorylation was decreased, and β-catenin protein levels were also lowered, as a result of GAA treatment. Moreover, we observed decreased activity in crucial genes, including c-Myc, Cyclin D1, and MMP-2, which play integral roles in CRPC development. Furthermore, GAA inhibited the tumorigenesis of LNCaP-AI cells in nude mice in vivo. Conclusion GAA effectively suppresses the growth of androgen-independent cells by inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate the potential of GAA as a therapeutic candidate for CRPC.
Pharmacological Study of Guben Yifei-Tang on a Rat Model of Pneumoconiosis
Authors: Yang Zhou , Wenting Shi , Lei Haiming , Shi Weihong 
Published: August 2024

Background Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis is a progressively worsening lung disease that poses a serious threat to human health. Current treatment options are limited and generally ineffective. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of GubenYifei-Tang (GB) in a rat model of pneumoconiosis. Materials and Methods We established a chronic pneumoconiosis model in rats through intratracheal injection of silica dust. Subsequently, the rats were randomly assigned to various groups, including the model group (NC group), Hanfangji Masu tablet group (TET group), high-dose GB group (GB-H group), low-dose GB group (GB-L group), and a blank control group comprising 12 normal rats (NC group). We assessed blood biochemical, vascular endothelial function, immunoinflammatory factors, and oxidative stress indices in four rats from each group at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months of administration. Results Throughout the 6-month administration period, rats in the GB-L and GB-H groups displayed no significant abnormalities in their general condition or body weight. Both high and low doses of GB significantly reduced the respiratory rate and increased the respiratory amplitude of the pneumoconiosis model rats ( p < 0.05). Additionally, they significantly decreased the mean pulmonary arterial pressure of these rats ( p < 0.05). Moreover, we observed noteworthy improvements in blood gas indices and hypoxemia symptoms, including increased pH, decreased arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, increased arterial oxygen partial pressure, and arterial oxygen saturation. Compared to the NC group, the model group rats exhibited significantly elevated concentrations of serum transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 ( p < 0.01). High-dose GB significantly reduced serum levels of TGF-β, TNF-α, and interleukin-10 in rats, while low-dose GB partially improved serum inflammatory factor levels. Additionally, the lung mass index, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and hydroxyproline levels were significantly increased in the model group rats compared to the NC group ( p < 0.01), accompanied by decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Both high and low doses of GB demonstrated substantial improvements in lung mass index, MDA, SOD, and hydroxyproline levels in rats ( p < 0.05). Conclusion In the rat model of pneumoconiosis, GB exerts a positive therapeutic impact on lung tissue lesions and respiratory function, with its effectiveness being both time- and dose-dependent.
Multiple Adverse Reactions Associated With the Use of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in People With Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pharmacovigilance Analysis Based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Zhou Jianxing , Wei Zipeng , Huang Wei , Liu Maobai , Wu Xuemei 
Published: August 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition leading to memory loss, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are commonly used to manage these neuropsychiatric symptoms, but their safety profile in patients with AD requires further investigation. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the safety of SGAs in patients with AD by analyzing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) using the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Methods: This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of FAERS data from 2014 to 2023, focusing on ADRs in patients with AD treated with SGAs such as risperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, clozapine, and aripiprazole. Descriptive, disproportionality, time, and dose analysis were performed using the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, Weibull, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Results: Out of 1289 patients with AD treated with SGAs, the most common ADRs involved the nervous system, gastrointestinal system, and cardiac disorders. Disproportionality analysis identified significant positive signals in cardiac, renal, and vascular systems. Quetiapine, risperidone, and olanzapine showed more positive signals compared with clozapine and aripiprazole. Time analysis indicated that cardiovascular ADRs occurred randomly, whereas renal ADRs increased with prolonged use. Dose analysis suggested that small doses of SGAs did not elevate the risk of multiple cardiac, renal, or vascular ADRs. Conclusion and Relevance: The study underscores the importance of monitoring for ADRs, particularly in the cardiac and renal systems, when using SGAs in patients with AD. Future research incorporating more comprehensive clinical data is warranted to support safe and rational drug utilization.
Impact of Dexmedetomidine Dosing and Timing on Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery: A Meta-Analytic Approach
Authors: Li Hongpei , Wang Lei , Shi Chunxia , Zhou Baolong , Yao Lan 
Published: August 2024

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication following cardiac surgery. Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2-adrenergic agonist, has shown potential renoprotective effects, but previous studies have yielded conflicting results. Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in preventing AKI and reducing postoperative serum creatinine levels in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: We comprehensively searched 5 databases for randomized controlled trials comparing dexmedetomidine with control groups in adult cardiac surgery patients. The main outcomes were the incidence of AKI and change in postoperative serum creatinine levels. Meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.4 models, and subgroup analyses were performed based on dexmedetomidine dosing and timing of administration. Continuous outcomes were combined and analyzed using either mean difference (M.D.), while dichotomous outcomes were analyzed using risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Our study included a total of 14 trials involving 2744 patients. Dexmedetomidine administration significantly reduced the incidence of AKI compared to control groups (RR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.41-0.70, P < 0.00001). Postoperative serum creatinine levels were also lower with dexmedetomidine (MD = −0.14 mg/dL, 95% CI: −0.28 to −0.001, P =0.04). Subgroup analyses revealed that higher initial doses (>0.5 μg/kg) and administration during intraoperative and postoperative periods were associated with more pronounced renoprotective effects. Dexmedetomidine did not significantly affect mortality but reduced the duration of the length of hospital stay and mechanical ventilation. Conclusions and Relevance: This meta-analysis demonstrates that dexmedetomidine administration, particularly at higher doses and during both intraoperative and postoperative periods, reduces the risk of AKI in adults undergoing cardiac surgery. These findings support the use of dexmedetomidine as a preventive strategy to enhance renal outcomes in this population.
A Diagnostic Nomogram Incorporating Prognostic Nutritional Index for Predicting Vaginal Invasion in Stage IB – IIA Cervical Cancer
Authors: Xie Ning , Lin Jie , Yu Haijuan , Liu Li , Deng Sufang , Liu Linying , Sun Yang 
Published: August 2024

Introduction With the advancements in cancer prevention and diagnosis, the proportion of newly diagnosed early-stage cervical cancers has increased. Adjuvant therapies based on high-risk postoperative histopathological factors significantly increase the morbidity of treatment complications and seriously affect patients’ quality of life. Objectives Our study aimed to establish a diagnostic nomogram for vaginal invasion (VI) among early-stage cervical cancer (CC) that can be used to reduce the occurrence of positive or close vaginal surgical margins. Methods We assembled the medical data of early-stage CC patients between January 2013 and December 2021 from the Fujian Cancer Hospital. Data on demographics, laboratory tests, MRI features, physical examination (PE), and pathological outcomes were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the diagnostic variables for VI in the training set. Finally, the statistically significant factors were used to construct an integrated nomogram. Results In this retrospective study, 540 CC patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts according to a 7:3 ratio. Multivariate logistic analyses showed that age [odds ratio (OR) = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29-4.50, P = 0.006], prognostic nutritional index (OR = 0.18, 95% CI, 0.04-0.77, P = 0.021), histological type (OR = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.08-0.94, P = 0.039), and VI based on PE (OR = 3.12, 95% CI, 1.52-6.45, P = 0.002) were independent diagnostic factors of VI. The diagnostic nomogram had a robust ability to predict VI in the training [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.70-0.82] and validation (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.58-0.83) cohorts, and the calibration curves, decision curve analysis, and confusion matrix showed good prediction power. Conclusion Our diagnostic nomograms could help gynaecologists quantify individual preoperative VI risk, thereby optimizing treatment options, and minimizing the incidence of multimodality treatment-related complications and the economic burden.
Role of osteoclast inhibitors in prostate cancer bone metastasis; a narrative review
Authors: Wani Shariq Ahmad , Qudrat Salma , Zubair Hina , Iqbal Zahra , Gulzar Babar , Aziz Sundal , Inayat Arsalan , Safi Danish , Kamran Amir 
Published: August 2024

Objective To study the role of Osteoclast inhibitors in advanced prostate cancer metastasis treatment and their efficacy in reducing skeletal related events. Methods: Data Source A comprehensive search was done using search terms as “osteoclast inhibitors” “Bisphosphonates” “Zoledronic acid” “ pamidronate” “ Alendronate” “Denosumab” “ Prostate cancer metastasis” in pubmed and Google scholar. Relevant articles were screened and collected . The collected articles were used to frame the review and data showing use of Osteoclast inhibitors In prostate cancer bone metastasis was collected. Data summary Prostate cancer metastasizes most commonly to the skeleton thus leading to significant morbidity ranging from pain, pathological fractures to spinal cord compression and are the primary cause of patient disability and reduced quality of life.Initially, radiation therapy and radiopharmaceuticals were the mainstay of treatment however the role of Bisphosphonates and denosumab has become an integral part of therapy to manage metastatic prostate cancer. These agents significantly decrease skeletal related events and enhance patients quality of life. Emerging therapies like Radium-223 have also shown promise in reducing skeletal related events and also improving survival rates in patients with bone metastasis. Other treatment options which are being used are systemic agents like Docetaxel, cabazitaxel, hormonal therapies like abiraterone and enzalutamide. Immunotherapy with sipuleucel-T has demonstrated a reduction in mortality among prostate cancer patients with metastasis, highlighting the need for further research in this area. Ongoing studies are investigating novel agents that target both tumor cells and the bone microenvironment. Conclusion Osteoclast inhibitors are effective in reducing skeletal related events in advanced bone metastasis and improve the quality of life of patients.
AI-based epidemic and pandemic early warning systems: A systematic scoping review
Authors: El Morr Christo , Ozdemir Deniz , Asdaah Yasmeen , Saab Antoine , El-Lahib Yahya , Sokhn Elie Salem 
Published: August 2024

Background: Timely detection of disease outbreaks is critical in public health. Artificial Intelligence (AI) can identify patterns in data that signal the onset of epidemics and pandemics. This scoping review examines the effectiveness of AI in epidemic and pandemic early warning systems (EWS). Objective: To assess the capability of AI-based systems in predicting epidemics and pandemics and to identify challenges and strategies for improvement. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted. The review included studies from the last 5 years, focusing on AI and machine learning applications in EWS. After screening 1087 articles, 33 were selected for thematic analysis. Results: The review found that AI-based EWS have been effectively implemented in various contexts, using a range of algorithms. Key challenges identified include data quality, model explainability, bias, data volume, velocity, variety, availability, and granularity. Strategies for mitigating AI bias and improving system adaptability were also discussed. Conclusion: AI has shown promise in enhancing the speed and accuracy of epidemic detection. However, challenges related to data quality, bias, and model transparency need to be addressed to improve the reliability and generalizability of AI-based EWS. Continuous monitoring and improvement, as well as incorporating social and environmental data, are essential for future development.
Machine Learning Identify Ferroptosis-Related Genes as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
Authors: Li Tingting , Yang Qi , Liu Yun , Jin Yueping , Song Biao , sun Qin , Wei Siyuan , Wu Jing , Li Xuejun 
Published: August 2024

Background Gastric intestinal metaplasia(GIM) is an independent risk factor for GC, however, its pathogenesis is still unclear. Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death, which may be involved in the process of GIM. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in GIM tissues and to explore the relationship between ferroptosis and GIM. Method The results of GIM tissue full transcriptome sequencing were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database. R software (V4.2.0) and R packages were used for screening and enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes(DEGs). The key genes were screened by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination(SVM-RFE) algorithm. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of key genes in GIM. Clinical samples were used to further validate hub genes. Results A total of 12 differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DEFRGs) were identified. Using two machine learning algorithms, GOT1, ALDH3A2, ACSF2 and SESN2 were identified as key genes. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of GOT1, ALDH3A2, ACSF2 and SESN2 in the training set were 0.906, 0.955, 0.899 and 0.962 respectively, and the AUC in the verification set were 0.776, 0.676, 0.773 and 0.880, respectively. Clinical samples verified the differential expression of GOT1, ACSF2, and SESN2 in GIM. Conclusion We found that there was a significant correlation between ferroptosis and GIM. GOT1, ACSF2 and SESN2 can be used as diagnostic markers to effectively identify GIM.