bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase Shifts and Scattering Cross Sections of the Particles of Non‐ideal Semiclassical Plasmas Based on the Dynamic Interaction Potential
Authors: Dzhumagulova K. N. , Shalenov E. O. , Ramazanov T. S. , Gabdullina G. L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe elastic scattering processes of the charged particles in the dense nonideal plasma on the basis of the dynamic interaction potential were investigated. It is shown that dynamic charge screening increases the phase shifts and the scattering cross sections in comparison with static screening. The problem was solved on the basis of the Calogero equation for finding the phase shifts. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polarization and Finite Size Effects in Correlation Functions of Dusty Plasmas
Authors: Davletov A. E. , Yerimbetova L. T. , Mukhametkarimov Ye. S. , Ospanova A. K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn approach is presented to derive a pseudopotential model of interaction between dust particles that simultaneously takes into account the polarization, finite size and screening effects. The consideration starts from the assumption that the dust particles are hard balls made of a conductive material such that their mutual interaction and interaction with the electrons and ions of the buffer plasma can analytically be interpreted within the method of image charges. Then, the renormalization theory of plasma particles interaction, leading to the so‐called generalized Poisson‐Boltzmann equation, is applied to obtain the interaction potential of two isolated dust grains immersed into the buffer plasma of electrons and ions. After that the Ornstein‐Zernike relation in the hyper‐netted chain approximation (HNC) is numerically solved to study the radial distribution function and the static structure factor of the dust grains. In doing so the system of hard balls is actually replaced by a system of point‐like charges with properly adjusted number density in the form of van der Waals correction. A straightforward comparison is made with the Monte‐Carlo simulation to find a fairly good agreement for the radial distribution function at relatively high dust couplings. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Inhomogeneous Models of Jupiter and Saturn
Authors: Nettelmann N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe H‐He rich giant planets Jupiter and Saturn serve to test predictions on the high‐pressure behavior of hydrogen and helium. Incorporating the process of H/He phase separation and He rain, or of core erosion, into planet structure and evolution models leads naturally to the assumption of inhomogeneous planetary interiors. In this article we review and discuss recent developments in that regard. It is found that Saturn's luminosity is consistent with a semi‐convective thick shell where the heavy element abundance changes continuously, and that Jupiter's luminosity can as well be explained by a balance between additional gravitational energy and reduced cooling through a He‐rain zone. We present the first Jupiter structure models that include a superadiabatic shell. Using the SCvHi EOS, Jupiter emerges as a mostly homogeneous body apart from a He‐rain zone at a few Megabars. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low‐Density Crystals in Charged Colloids: Comparison with Yukawa Theory
Authors: Rios de Anda I. , Statt A. , Turci F. , Royall C.P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCharged colloids can behave as Yukawa systems, with similar phase behaviour. Using particle‐resolved studies, we consider a system with an unusually long Debye screening length which forms crystals at low colloid volume fraction φ ≈ 0.01. We quantitatively compare this system with the Yukawa model and find that its freezing point is compatible with the theoretical prediction but that the crystal polymorph is not always that expected. In particular we find body‐centred cubic crystals where face‐centred cubic crystals are expected. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The brighter (and evolutionarily older) face of the metabolic syndrome: evidence from Trypanosoma cruzi infection in CD‐1 mice
Authors: Brima Wunnie , Eden Daniel J. , Mehdi Syed Faizan , Bravo Michelle , Wiese Mohammad M. , Stein Joanna , Almonte Vanessa , Zhao Dazhi , Kurland Irwin , Pessin Jeffrey E. , Zima Tomas , Tanowitz Herbert B. , Weiss Louis M. , Roth Jesse , Nagajyothi Fnu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundInfection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, results in chronic infection that leads to cardiomyopathy with increased mortality and morbidity in endemic regions. In a companion study, our group found that a high‐fat diet (HFD) protected mice from T. cruzi‐induced myocardial damage and significantly reduced post‐infection mortality during acute T. cruzi infection.MethodsIn the present study metabolic syndrome was induced prior to T. cruzi infection by feeding a high fat diet. Also, mice were treated with anti‐diabetic drug metformin.ResultsIn the present study, the lethality of T. cruzi (Brazil strain) infection in CD‐1 mice was reduced from 55% to 20% by an 8‐week pre‐feeding of an HFD to induce obesity and metabolic syndrome. The addition of metformin reduced mortality to 3%.ConclusionsIt is an interesting observation that both the high fat diet and the metformin, which are known to differentially attenuate host metabolism, effectively modified mortality in T. cruzi‐infected mice. In humans, the metabolic syndrome, as presently construed, produces immune activation and metabolic alterations that promote complications of obesity and diseases of later life, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Using an evolutionary approach, we hypothesized that for millions of years, the channeling of host resources into immune defences starting early in life ameliorated the effects of infectious diseases, especially chronic infections, such as tuberculosis and Chagas disease. In economically developed countries in recent times, with control of the common devastating infections, epidemic obesity and lengthening of lifespan, the dwindling benefits of the immune activation in the first half of life have been overshadowed by the explosion of the syndrome's negative effects in later life. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure–Activity Relationships in the Domain of Odorants Having Marine Notes
Authors: Gaudin Jean‐Marc , de Saint Laumer Jean‐Yves 
Published: January 2015

AbstractContinuing our investigations into marine note odorants, we herein describe several new scaffolds. Among them, 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐2‐carbaldehyde is particularly interesting. The results demonstrate that the seven‐membered ring with a ketone functional group of the Calone 1951® family can be replaced by a five‐membered ring carrying an aldehyde function. In addition, this work has allowed us to discover the valuable 2‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenyl methyl carbonate (20b), which is very close to vanillin, and 2‐methoxy‐2,4‐dimethyl‐1,3‐benzodioxole (29d), which belongs to the isoeugenol/dihydroeugenol olfactive family.
Critical predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) should not be based on a single toxicity test
Authors: Chapman Peter M. , Elphick James R. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs), which represent the concentration of a substance below which an unacceptable effect most likely will not occur, are widely used for risk assessment and in environmental policy and regulation. They are typically based on single-species laboratory toxicity tests; often, a single test result for the most sensitive endpoints drives the derivation of a PNEC. In the present study, the authors provide a case study emphasizing the importance of determining the reliability of those most sensitive endpoints. Five 21-d Daphnia magna toxicity tests conducted using the same procedures by 2 laboratories gave 20% inhibitory concentration responses to a specific ionic composition of total dissolved solids that varied from 684 mg/L to more than 1510 mg/L. The concentration–response curve was shallow; thus, these differences could have been attributable to chance alone. The authors strongly recommend that the most sensitive endpoints that determine PNECs not be based on a single toxicity test result but rather on the geometric mean of at least 3 test results to adequately assess and bound test variability, especially when the concentration–response curve is shallow. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1088–1090. © 2015 SETAC
Absorption of omega‐3 fats from carbohydrate and proteinaceous food matrices before and after storage
Authors: Smith Tracey J. , Barrett Ann , Anderson Danielle , Wilson Marques A. , Young Andrew J. , Montain Scott J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDevelopment of n‐3 fortified, shelf‐stable foods is facilitated by encapsulated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), since natural n‐3 food sources cannot withstand high temperature and prolonged shelf life. Organoleptic stability of n‐3 fortified, shelf‐stable foods has been demonstrated, but chemical changes in the food matrix throughout storage could conceivably impact digestibility of the protein‐based encapsulant thereby compromising n‐3 bioavailability. We assessed the effect of prolonged high‐temperature storage and variations in food matrix (proteinaceous or carbohydrate) on the time course and magnitude of blood fatty acids changes associated with ingestion of n‐3 fortified foods. Low‐protein (i.e., cake) and high‐protein (i.e., meat sticks) items were supplemented with 600 mg encapsulated DHA+EPA, and frozen either immediately after production (FRESH) or after 6 months storage at 100°F (STORED). Fourteen volunteers consumed one item per week (randomized) for 4 weeks. Blood samples obtained at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 h post‐consumption were analyzed for circulating long‐chain omega 3 fatty acids (LCn3). There was no difference in LCn3 area under the curve between items. LCn3 in response to cakes peaked at 2‐h (FRESH: 54.0 ± 16.8 μg/mL, +18%; STORED: 53.0 ± 13.2 μg/mL, +20%), while meats peaked at 4‐h (FRESH: 51.9 ± 12.5 μg/mL, +22%; STORED: 53.2 ± 16.9 μg/mL, +18%). There were no appreciable differences in time course or magnitude of n‐3 appearance in response to storage conditions for either food types. Thus, bioavailability of encapsulated DHA/EPA, within low‐ and high‐protein food items, was not affected by high‐temperature shelf‐storage. A shelf‐stable, low‐ or high‐protein food item with encapsulated DHA/EPA is suitable for use in shelf‐stable foods.
Brushite foams—the effect of Tween® 80 and Pluronic® F‐127 on foam porosity and mechanical properties
Authors: Unosson Johanna , Montufar Edgar B. , Engqvist Håkan , Ginebra Maria‐Pau , Persson Cecilia 
Published: January 2015

AbstractResorbable calcium phosphate based bone void fillers should work as temporary templates for new bone formation. The incorporation of macropores with sizes of 100 −300 µm has been shown to increase the resorption rate of the implant and speed up bone ingrowth. In this work, macroporous brushite cements were fabricated through foaming of the cement paste, using two different synthetic surfactants, Tween® 80 and Pluronic® F‐127. The macropores formed in the Pluronic samples were both smaller and less homogeneously distributed compared with the pores formed in the Tween samples. The porosity and compressive strength (CS) were comparable to previously developed hydroxyapatite foams. The cement foam containing Tween, 0.5M citric acid in the liquid, 1 mass% of disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate mixed in the powder and a liquid to powder ratio of 0.43 mL/g, showed the highest porosity values (76% total and 56% macroporosity), while the CS was >1 MPa, that is, the hardened cement could be handled without rupture of the foamed structure. The investigated brushite foams show potential for future clinical use, both as bone void fillers and as scaffolds for in vitro bone regeneration. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 67–77, 2016.
Comparing segmented ASL perfusion of vascular territories using manual versus semiautomated techniques in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Helton Kathleen J. , Glass John O. , Reddick Wilburn E. , Paydar Amir , Zandieh Arash R. , Dave Rachna , Smeltzer Matthew P. , Wu Song , Hankins Jane , Aygun Banu , Ogg Robert J. 
Published: January 2015

PurposeElevated cerebral blood flow (CBF) in sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an adaptive pathophysiologic response associated with decreased vascular reserve and increased risk for ischemia. We compared manual (M) and semiautomated (SA) vascular territory delineation to facilitate standardized evaluation of CBF in children with SCA.Materials and MethodsASL perfusion values from 21 children were compared for gray matter and white matter (WM) in vascular territories defined by M and SA delineation. SA delineated CBF was compared with clinical and hematologic variables acquired within 4 weeks of the MRI.ResultsCBF measurements from M (MCA 82 left, 79 right) and SA (MCA 81 left, 81 right) delineated territories were highly correlated (R = 0.99, P < 0.0001). Bland‐Altman plots had close‐fitting limits of agreement of −1.8 to −3.5 lower limit and 0 to 1.8 upper limit. SA vascular territory delineation was comparable to the expert delineation with a kappa index of 0.62–0.85 and was considerably faster. Median territorial CBF values did not differ by gender or age. WM perfusion in the posterior cerebral artery territories was positively correlated with degree of hemolysis (R = 0.58, P = 0.01 left, 0.73, P < 0.001 right) and negatively correlated with hemoglobin (R = −0.48; P = 0.03 left; −0.47; P = 0.04 right) and hemoglobin F (R = −0.42; P = .09 left; −0.47; P = 0.049 right).ConclusionWe established the validity of the SA method, which in our experience was much faster than the M method for delineation of vascular territories. Associations between CBF and hematologic variables may demonstrate pathophysiologic changes that contribute to clinical variation in CBF. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:439–446.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sequential analysis of the normal fetal fissures with three‐dimensional ultrasound: a longitudinal study
Authors: Contro Elena , Salsi Ginevra , Montaguti Elisa , Morganelli Giovanni , Pilu Gianluigi , Rizzo Nicola , Bonasoni Paola , Ghi Tullio 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a sequential analysis of the main cortical fissures in normal fetuses using 3D ultrasound.MethodsA cohort of patients with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies underwent three consecutive transabdominal scans at 19–21, 26–28 and 30–34 weeks. Volumes of the fetal head were acquired and searched in the multiplanar mode for the following cortical fissures: sylvian, parieto‐occipital, calcarine, hippocampus and cingulate. A qualitative analysis of these sulci was performed in each volume by an experienced operator (A) and a trainee (B). By placing the dot on the sulcus in one plane, it was evaluated whether it was visible also in other planes.ResultsFifty patients were included in the study. At 19–21 weeks, the sylvian and parieto‐occipital sulci were visualized on at least one plane by both operators in all cases. At 26–28 weeks, all fissures were visualized by both operators on at least one plane, with no significant difference between the performances of the two operators. At 30–34 weeks, a mild overall decline in the accuracy of identification of all the cerebral fissures was observed.Conclusions3D multiplanar mode allows a systematic evaluation of the cortical fissures in normal fetuses since midtrimester. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of a treatment progress scale for personality disordered offenders
Authors: Baliousis Michael , Huband Nick , Duggan Conor , McCarthy Lucy , Völlm Birgit 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for a measure to evaluate change in treatment for offenders with a personality disorder, and the Progress Rating Scale (PRS) was developed to meet this need taking account of multiprofessional input.MethodThe PRS comprises six process and five non‐process items developed via thematic analysis of routine CPA patient treatment reports at a forensic Personality Disorder Service. Rating for items was fully standardized and operationalized with revisions aiming to maximize inter‐rater agreement reflecting good face and content validity. Psychometric properties were examined using PRS ratings for 147 patients at three different time points in conjunction with relevant psychometrics.ResultsFollowing refinement, the instrument demonstrated good content validity. Intra‐class correlations suggested moderate to substantial inter‐rater agreement (intraclass correlations: 0.63–0.92). Item analyses indicated good internal consistency for process items (Cronbach's alpha: 0.82–0.88). Correlations with relevant psychometrics revealed meaningful relationships between PRS scores, defence styles and social problem solving. PRS score trajectories were in line with previously known treatment outcomes supporting predictive validity.ConclusionThe PRS shows promise as process measure in clinical settings but requires further testing on other samples to confirm initial findings and demonstrate its utility. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Escherichia coli O157:H7 cattle immunoproteome includes outer membrane protein A (OmpA), a modulator of adherence to bovine rectoanal junction squamous epithelial (RSE) cells
Authors: Kudva Indira T. , Krastins Bryan , Torres Alfredo G. , Griffin Robert W. , Sheng Haiqing , Sarracino David A. , Hovde Carolyn J. , Calderwood Stephen B. , John Manohar 
Published: January 2015

Building on previous studies, we defined the repertoire of proteins comprising the immunoproteome (IP) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) cultured in DMEM supplemented with norepinephrine (O157 IP), a β‐adrenergic hormone that regulates E. coli O157 gene expression in the gastrointestinal tract, using a variation of a novel proteomics‐based platform proteome mining tool for antigen discovery, called “proteomics‐based expression library screening” (PELS; Kudva et al., 2006). The E. coli O157 IP (O157‐IP) comprised 91 proteins, and included those identified previously using proteomics‐based expression library screening, and also proteins comprising DMEM and bovine rumen fluid proteomes. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA), a common component of the above proteomes, and reportedly a contributor to E. coli O157 adherence to cultured HEp‐2 epithelial cells, was interestingly found to be a modulator rather than a contributor to E. coli O157 adherence to bovine rectoanal junction squamous epithelial cells. Our results point to a role for yet to be identified members of the O157‐IP in E. coli O157 adherence to rectoanal junction squamous epithelial cells, and additionally implicate a possible role for the outer membrane protein A regulator, TdcA, in the expression of such adhesins. Our observations have implications for the development of efficacious vaccines for preventing E. coli O157 colonization of the bovine gastrointestinal tract.
NF023 binding to XIAP‐BIR1: Searching drugs for regulation of the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Cossu Federica , Milani Mario , Grassi Serena , Malvezzi Francesca , Corti Alessandro , Bolognesi Martino , Mastrangelo Eloise 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTInhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) are the target of extensive research in the field of cancer therapy since they regulate apoptosis and cell survival. Smac‐mimetics, the most promising IAP‐targeting compounds specifically recognize the IAP‐BIR3 domain and promote apoptosis, competing with caspases for IAP binding. Furthermore, Smac‐mimetics interfere with the NF‐κB survival pathway, inducing cIAP1 and cIAP2 degradation through an auto‐ubiquitination process. It has been shown that the XIAP‐BIR1 (X‐BIR1) domain is involved in the interaction with TAB1, an upstream adaptor for TAK1 kinase activation, which in turn couples with the NF‐κB survival pathway. Preventing X‐BIR1 dimerization abolishes XIAP‐mediated NF‐κB activation, thus implicating a proximity‐induced mechanism for TAK1 activation. In this context, in a systematic search for a molecule capable of impairing X‐BIR1/TAB1 assembly, we identified the compound NF023. Here we report the crystal structure of the human X‐BIR1 domain in the absence and in the presence of NF023, as a starting concept for the design of novel BIR1‐specific compounds acting synergistically with existing pro‐apoptotic drugs in cancer therapy. Proteins 2015; 83:612–620. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flexibility in the N‐terminal actin‐binding domain: Clues from in silico mutations and molecular dynamics
Authors: Chakravarty Devlina , Chakraborti Soumyananda , Chakrabarti Pinak 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTDystrophin is a long, rod‐shaped cytoskeleton protein implicated in muscular dystrophy (MDys). Utrophin is the closest autosomal homolog of dystrophin. Both proteins have N‐terminal actin‐binding domain (N‐ABD), a central rod domain and C‐terminal region. N‐ABD, composed of two calponin homology (CH) subdomains joined by a helical linker, harbors a few disease causing missense mutations. Although the two proteins share considerable homology (>72%) in N‐ABD, recent structural and biochemical studies have shown that there are significant differences (including stability, mode of actin‐binding) and their functions are not completely interchangeable. In this investigation, we have used extensive molecular dynamics simulations to understand the differences and the similarities of these two proteins, along with another actin‐binding protein, fimbrin. In silico mutations were performed to identify two key residues that might be responsible for the dynamical difference between the molecules. Simulation points to the inherent flexibility of the linker region, which adapts different conformations in the wild type dystrophin. Mutations T220V and G130D in dystrophin constrain the flexibility of the central helical region, while in the two known disease‐causing mutants, K18N and L54R, the helicity of the region is compromised. Phylogenetic tree and sequence analysis revealed that dystrophin and utrophin genes have probably originated from the same ancestor. The investigation would provide insight into the functional diversity of two closely related proteins and fimbrin, and contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of MDys. Proteins 2015; 83:696–710. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unusual phonon mode behaviour in zinc‐blende BN/GaN superlattices
Authors: Talwar Devki N. , Zhou Andrew F. , Yang Tzuen‐Rong 
Published: January 2015

AbstractComprehensive calculations of the long‐wavelength optical phonons are reported for zinc‐blende BN films by exploiting a linear response theory to simulate far‐infrared reflectivity and transmission spectra at oblique incidence. A rigid‐ion‐model is used to study the lattice dynamics of the unconventional BN/GaN short‐period superlattices (SLs). Besides empathizing, the anisotropic mode behaviour of optical phonons, the study has offered evidence of acoustic‐mode anti‐crossing, mini‐gap formation, confinement, as well as BN‐like modes falling between the gap regions separating the optical phonons of the two bulk (BN, GaN) semiconductor materials. A bond‐polarizability approach within the second‐nearest‐neighbour linear‐chain model is also employed to visualize the Raman intensity profiles of the short‐period BN/GaN SLs, revealing major trends of the phonon characteristics noted in many conventional SLs, while eliciting some interesting contrasts. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)