bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of double‐stranded DNA with polymerized PprA protein from Deinococcus radiodurans
Authors: Adachi Motoyasu , Hirayama Hiroshi , Shimizu Rumi , Satoh Katsuya , Narumi Issay , Kuroki Ryota 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPleiotropic protein promoting DNA repair A (PprA) is a key protein that facilitates the extreme radioresistance of Deinococcus radiodurans. To clarify the role of PprA in the radioresistance mechanism, the interaction between recombinant PprA expressed in Escherichia coli with several double‐stranded DNAs (i.e., super coiled, linear, or nicked circular dsDNA) was investigated. In a gel‐shift assay, the band shift of supercoiled pUC19 DNA caused by the binding of PprA showed a bimodal distribution, which was promoted by the addition of 1 mM Mg, Ca, or Sr ions. The dissociation constant of the PprA‐supercoiled pUC19 DNA complex, calculated from the relative portions of shifted bands, was 0.6 μM with Hill coefficient of 3.3 in the presence of 1 mM Mg acetate. This indicates that at least 281 PprA molecules are required to saturate a supercoiled pUC19 DNA, which is consistent with the number (280) of bound PprA molecules estimated by the UV absorption of the PprA–pUC19 complex purified by gel filtration. This saturation also suggests linear polymerization of PprA along the dsDNA. On the other hand, the bands of linear dsDNA and nicked circular dsDNA that eventually formed PprA complexes did not saturate, but created larger molecular complexes when the PprA concentration was >1.3 μM. This result implies that DNA‐bound PprA aids association of the termini of damaged DNAs, which is regulated by the concentration of PprA. These findings are important for the understanding of the mechanism underlying effective DNA repair involving PprA.
Does Yang‐Mills theory describe quantum gravity?
Authors: Hanada M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe strongest version of the gauge/gravity duality conjecture relates the 1/N correction in super Yang‐Mills theory and the quantum correction in superstring theory. We perform a quantitative test of this conjecture at finite temperature, by studying the D0‐brane matrix quantum mechanics and the black zero‐brane in type IIA superstring theory. We find good agreement, which strongly suggests that the super Yang‐Mills theory does provide us with a nonperturbative formulation of quantum gravity through the gauge/gravity duality.
Impacts of Service and Infrastructure Provision on Indigenous Temporary Mobility in the Northern Territory of Australia: Insights from the 2011 Census
Authors: Zander Kerstin K. , Taylor Andrew J. , Carson Dean B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIndigenous people comprise a significant proportion of the population living in remote parts of Australia, particularly in the north. A growing body of literature has documented high mobility between remote Indigenous settlements, service towns and cities. The extent and nature of this mobility is thought to be driven, at least partly, by the types of services and infrastructure available in communities. Understanding to what extent these service and infrastructure provisions drive people's mobility and the type of people who move is essential for creating policy for remote communities and making investment decisions. We use 2011 census data to examine this issue for the Northern Territory, the Australian jurisdiction with the highest Indigenous composition in its remote population, by constructing generalised linear mixed models comparing Indigenous people's actual locations on census night with their stated usual place of residence. We found that individual characteristics (gender and age) had high impacts on individuals being at home or away on census night and that good health care provision, government subsidised community jobs and Internet access are associated with higher levels of absences from home. Meanwhile, those living in communities that had recently received new houses were less likely to be away on census night. The results can contribute to the efficiency of service provision and to understanding the dynamics of Indigenous mobility. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assimilation of vertical motion from simulated cloudy satellite imagery in an idealized single column model
Authors: Wakeling Matthew , Eyre John , Hughes Sue , Roulstone Ian 
Published: July 2014

Satellite infrared sounders are invaluable tools for making observations of the structure of the atmosphere. They provide much of the observational data used to initialize atmospheric models, especially in regions that do not have extensive surface‐based observing systems, such as oceans. However, information is lacking in the presence of cloud, as the cloud layer is opaque to infrared radiation. This means that where information is most desired (such as in a developing storm) it is often in the shortest supply.In order to explore the mathematics of assimilating data from cloudy radiances, a study has been performed using an idealized single‐column atmospheric model. The model simulates cloud development in an atmosphere with vertical motion, allowing the characteristics of a 2D‐Var data assimilation system using a single simulated infrared satellite observation taken multiple times to be studied. The strongly nonlinear nature of cloud formation poses a challenge for variational methods. The adjoint method produces an accurate gradient for the cost function and minimization is achieved using preconditioned conjugate gradients. The conditioning is poor and varies strongly with the atmospheric variables and the cost function has multiple minima, but acceptable results are achieved.The assimilation system is provided with a prior forecast simulated by adding random correlated Gaussian error to the truth. Assimilating observations comparable to those available from current geostationary satellites allows vertical motion to be retrieved with an error of less than a centimetre per second in most conditions. Moreover, evaluating the second derivative of the cost function at the minimum provides an estimate of the uncertainty in the retrieval. This allows atmospheric states that do not provide sufficient information for retrieval of vertical motion to be detected (such as a cloudless atmosphere or a non‐moving opaque cloud layer in the upper troposphere). Retrieval is most accurate with upwards motion.
Molecular dynamics out of equilibrium: mechanics and measurables
Authors: Hernandez Rigoberto , Popov Alexander V. 
Published: July 2014

Molecular dynamics is fundamentally the integration of the equations of motion over a representation of an atomic and molecular system. The most rigorous choice for performing molecular dynamics entails the use of quantum‐mechanical equations of motion and a representation of the molecular system through all of its electrons and atoms. For most molecular problems involving at least hundreds of atoms, but generally many more, this is simply computationally prohibitive. Thus the art of molecular dynamics lies in choosing the representation and the appropriate equations of motion capable of addressing the requisite measurables. When used adroitly, it can provide both equilibrium (averaged) and time‐dependent properties of a molecular system. Many computational packages now exist that perform molecular dynamics simulations. They generally include force fields to represent the interactions between atoms and molecules (smoothing out electrons through the Born‐Oppenheimer approximation) and integrate the remaining particles classically. Despite these simplifications, all‐atom molecular dynamics remains computationally inaccessible if one includes the number of atoms required to simulate mesoscopic solvents. Here we use analytical models to demonstrate how molecular dynamics can be used to limit the solvent size in systems experiencing either equilibrium or nonequilibrium conditions. It is equally important to address the measurables (such as reaction rates) that are to be obtained prior to the generation of the data‐intensive trajectories.WIREs Comput Mol Sci2014, 4:541–561. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1190This article is categorized under:Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte-Carlo MethodsTheoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
The dynamics of an offshore wind turbine in parked conditions: a comparison between simulations and measurements
Authors: Shirzadeh Rasoul , Weijtjens Wout , Guillaume Patrick , Devriendt Christof 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOffshore wind turbines are complex structures, and their dynamics can vary significantly because of changes in operating conditions, e.g., rotor‐speed, pitch angle or changes in the ambient conditions, e.g., wind speed, wave height or wave period. Especially in parked conditions, with reduced aerodynamic damping forces, the response due to wave actions with wave frequencies close to the first structural resonance frequencies can be high. Therefore, this paper will present numerical simulations using the HAWC2 code to study an offshore wind turbine in parked conditions. The model has been created according to best practice and current standards based on the design of an existing Vestas V90 offshore wind turbine on a monopile foundation in the Belgian North Sea. The damping value of the model's first fore‐aft mode has been tuned on the basis of measurements obtained from a long‐term ambient monitoring campaign on the same wind turbine. Using the updated model of the offshore wind turbine, the paper will present some of the effects of the different design parameters and the different ambient conditions on the dynamics of an offshore wind turbine. The results from the simulations will be compared with the processed data obtained from the real measurements. The accuracy of the model will be discussed in terms of resonance frequencies, mode shapes, damping value and acceleration levels, and the limitations of the simulations in modeling of an offshore wind turbine will be addressed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boolean modeling: a logic‐based dynamic approach for understanding signaling and regulatory networks and for making useful predictions
Authors: Albert Réka , Thakar Juilee 
Published: July 2014

The biomolecules inside or near cells form a complex interacting system. Cellular phenotypes and behaviors arise from the totality of interactions among the components of this system. A fruitful way of modeling interacting biomolecular systems is by network‐based dynamic models that characterize each component by a state variable, and describe the change in the state variables due to the interactions in the system. Dynamic models can capture the stable state patterns of this interacting system and can connect them to different cell fates or behaviors. A Boolean or logic model characterizes each biomolecule by a binary state variable that relates the abundance of that molecule to a threshold abundance necessary for downstream processes. The regulation of this state variable is described in a parameter free manner, making Boolean modeling a practical choice for systems whose kinetic parameters have not been determined. Boolean models integrate the body of knowledge regarding the components and interactions of biomolecular systems, and capture the system's dynamic repertoire, for example the existence of multiple cell fates. These models were used for a variety of systems and led to important insights and predictions. Boolean models serve as an efficient exploratory model, a guide for follow‐up experiments, and as a foundation for more quantitative models.WIREs Syst Biol Med2014, 6:353–369. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1273This article is categorized under:Biological Mechanisms > Cell SignalingAnalytical and Computational Methods > Dynamical MethodsModels of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Bone Tumor Imaging, Then and Now
Authors: Mintz Douglas N. , Hwang Sinchun 
Published: July 2014

Background Musculoskeletal tumor imaging is a focused subspecialty of musculoskeletal radiology. The goals of imaging and techniques employed are continually evolving and often slightly different from those used in other musculoskeletal diseases. As these techniques change, it is occasionally useful to review what is new. Questions/Purposes The question addressed in this manuscript is what are the most interesting/relevant changes in each modality of musculoskeletal tumor imaging over the past 38 years, the length of time the newly emeritus chair of the Radiology and Imaging Department of Hospital for Special Surgery has been at the hospital. Methods This review is primarily expert opinion based in examining techniques used at the institutions of the authors, with support from current literature. Results The techniques of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are new to the imaging armamentarium, and ultrasound and nuclear medicine techniques have advanced considerably with technology. Although radiographs have also evolved, the changes are less apparent, except in how they are currently processed, viewed, and stored. Conclusions Radiographic evaluation is still critical to evaluating bone tumors. Newer techniques also play an important role in diagnosing and treating these neoplasms.
Influences of peers, teachers, and climate on students' willingness to intervene when witnessing anti‐transgender harassment
Authors: Wernick Laura J. , Kulick Alex , Inglehart M.H. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTTransgender young people are at increased risk for bullying, harassment, and negative mental health and academic outcomes compared to the general population as well as compared to other members of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, and similarly identified (LGBTQQ) communities. To inform interventions to support transgender students, the present study investigates students' willingness to intervene when witnessing anti‐transgender harassment, using data collected from a participatory action research project investigating school climate. Multi‐step linear regression was used to test the impacts of hearing transphobic language and witnessing teachers and others students intervene, while controlling for demographics and school. Hostile climate negatively predicted intervention intentions while witnessing peer intervention positively predicted likelihood to intervene. Witnessing teacher intervention did not significantly predict the outcome. These findings suggest that youth‐led interventions in peer networks might be effective in diminishing transphobic bullying and supporting the healthy development of transgender young people.
“I can almost taste it:” Why people with strong positive emotions experience higher levels of food craving, salivation and eating intentions
Authors: Moore David J. , Konrath Sara 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to examine whether individual differences in affect intensity predict people's responses to food advertisements. In doing so, we aim to uncover individual differences and situational factors that are associated with higher food cravings and other consumption‐related responses. Studies 1 and 2 identified three mediators (emotional memories, weak impulse control, and the intensity of pleasure anticipation) which indirectly link affect intensity to food cravings and behavioral intentions. Studies 3 and 4 identified two moderators (vividness of advertisement, dieting status of participants) of the relationship between affect intensity and consumption‐related outcomes. In Study 3 high affect intensity individuals reported stronger food cravings only in response to vivid advertising appeals. In Study 4, respondents with high levels of positive affectivity, a sub‐dimension of affect intensity, experienced increased salivation, but especially when they were dieters exposed to vivid food images. Implications for theory development and for marketing and public policy strategists are discussed.
Thinking About Legal Culture
Authors: NELKEN David 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper addresses the controversial concept of legal culture. It first considers the different meanings of the term and the variety of debates in which it figures. It then goes on to consider difficulties in deciding the units to which the term “legal culture” is applied, and the problems in using the term in explanations. It concludes by examining the way assumptions about what gives legal culture its coherence have implications for explaining how and when it changes. In each section of the argument an attempt is also made to show the relevance of these questions for theAsian Journal of Law and Societyas seen in the papers published in its first issue.
Current division between two paralleled X-pinches
Authors: Zhao Shen , Zhu Xinlei , Zhang Ran , Luo Haiyun , Zou Xiaobing , Wang Xinxin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn order to use two paralleled X-pinches as X-ray sources for the time-resolved backlighting of wire-array Z-pinch plasma, it is necessary to make these two X-pinches emit X-rays at different but roughly preset time instants. The timing of the X-ray burst from an X-pinch independence of the current, and the wire mass of the X-pinch was investigated. The currents flowing through two paralleled X-pinches were measured and it was found that the total current is almost equally divided between these two X-pinches no matter how different the wires for these two X-pinches are. The reason for the equal current division between two paralleled X-pinches was given based on the inductance calculation of the X-pinch circuit.
Cross-linguistic comparisons in child language research
Authors: BERMAN RUTH A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTMajor large-scale research projects in the early years of developmental psycholinguistics were English-based, yet even then numerous studies were available or under way in a range of different languages (Ferguson & Slobin, 1973). Since then, the field of cross-linguistic child language research has burgeoned in several directions. First, rich information is now available on the acquisition of dozens of languages from around the world in numerous language families, spearheaded by the five-volume series edited by Slobin (1985–1997) and complemented by in-depth examination of specific constructions – e.g. causative alternation, motion verbs, passive voice, subject elision, noun compounding – in various languages, culminating in an in-depth examination of the acquisition of ergativity in over a dozen languages (Bavin & Stoll, 2013). A second fruitful direction is the application of carefully comparable designs targeting a range of issues among children acquiring different languages, including: production of early lexico-grammatical constructions (Slobin, 1982), sentence processing comprehension (MacWhinney & Bates, 1989), expression of spatial relations (Bowerman, 2011), discourse construction of oral narratives based on short picture series (Hickmann, 2003) and longer storybooks (Berman & Slobin, 1994), and extended texts in different genres (Berman, 2008). Taken together, research motivated by the question of what is particular and what universal in child language highlights the marked, and early, impact of ambient language typology on processes of language acquisition. The challenge remains to operationalize such insights by means of psychologically sound and linguistically well-motivated measures for evaluating the interplay between the variables of developmental level, linguistic domain, and ambient language typology.
In search of resilient and fragile properties of language
Authors: GOLDIN-MEADOW SUSAN 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTYoung children are skilled language learners. They apply their skills to the language input they receive from their parents and, in this way, derive patterns that are statistically related to their input. But being an excellent statistical learner does not explain why children who are not exposed to usable linguistic input nevertheless communicate using systems containing the fundamental properties of language. Nor does it explain why learners sometimes alter the linguistic input to which they are exposed (input from either a natural or an artificial language). These observations suggest that children are prepared to learn language. Our task now, as it was in 1974, is to figure out what they are prepared with – to identify properties of language that are relatively easy to learn, theresilientproperties, as well as properties of language that are more difficult to learn, thefragileproperties. The new tools and paradigms for describing and explaining language learning that have been introduced into the field since 1974 offer great promise for accomplishing this task.
Impact of Ramadan on the treatment of psychosis
Authors: Adil Jannat , Sloan Darina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA 35-year-old South Asian Muslim male was admitted for acute psychotic episode to an urban acute psychiatric unit. In the context of ongoing religious delusions, and on his request to fast during the Islamic month of Ramadan we made alterations to his medication dosing schedule. We discuss the clinical implications of such practice.
Using surveillance and monitoring data of different origins in aSalmonellasource attribution model: a European Union example with challenges and proposed solutions
Authors: DE KNEGT L. V. , PIRES S. M. , HALD T. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYMicrobial subtyping approaches are commonly used for source attribution of human salmonellosis. Such methods require data onSalmonellain animals and humans, outbreaks, infection abroad and amounts of food available for consumption. A source attribution model was applied to 24 European countries, requiring special data management to produce a standardized dataset. Salmonellosis data on animals and humans were obtained from datasets provided by the European Food Safety Authority. The amount of food available for consumption was calculated based on production and trade data. Limitations included different types of underreporting, non-participation in prevalence studies, and non-availability of trade data. Cases without travel information were assumed to be domestic; non-subtyped human or animal records were re-identified according to proportions observed in reference datasets; missing trade information was estimated based on previous years. The resulting dataset included data on 24 serovars in humans, broilers, laying hens, pigs and turkeys in 24 countries.
Weighted Random Staircase Tableaux
Authors: HITCZENKO PAWEŁ , JANSON SVANTE 
Published: July 2014

This paper concerns a relatively new combinatorial structure called staircase tableaux. They were introduced in the context of the asymmetric exclusion process and Askey–Wilson polynomials; however, their purely combinatorial properties have gained considerable interest in the past few years.In this paper we further study combinatorial properties of staircase tableaux. We consider a general model of random staircase tableaux in which symbols (Greek letters) that appear in staircase tableaux may have arbitrary positive weights. (We consider only the case with the parametersu=q= 1.) Under this general model we derive a number of results. Some of our results concern the limiting laws for the number of appearances of symbols in a random staircase tableaux. They generalize and subsume earlier results that were obtained for specific values of the weights.One advantage of our generality is that we may let the weights approach extreme values of zero or infinity, which covers further special cases appearing earlier in the literature. Furthermore, our generality allows us to analyse the structure of random staircase tableaux, and we obtain several results in this direction.One of the tools we use is the generating functions of the parameters of interest. This leads us to a two-parameter family of polynomials, generalizing the classical Eulerian polynomials.We also briefly discuss the relation of staircase tableaux to the asymmetric exclusion process, to other recently introduced types of tableaux, and to an urn model studied by a number of researchers, including Philippe Flajolet.