bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Temporal Bone Pneumatization on Fracture Line and Involved Cranial Structures
Authors: Shapira Udi , Klein Linor , Oron Yahav , Handzel Ophir , Abu‐Eta Rani , Muhanna Nidal , Shilo Shahaf , Brenner Adi , Ungar Omer J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTemporal bone pneumatization (TBP) is speculated to serve as a shock absorber in temporal bone fractures (TBF), directing the fracture line away from vital structures. This study correlates TBP extent with TBF patterns and preservations of vital TB structures.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary referral medical center.MethodsAll TBF patients referred to a single tertiary center 2017 to 2023 were evaluated. A pneumatization index score for each of their TBs was derived by counting automated‐voxel density in a 0 to 100 scale. Results were correlated to the TBF type and the violated structure(s). The ossification index was compared to previously detailed qualitative classification systems of TBP.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐five patients were enrolled (mean age 43 ± 17 years). Kinematics were motor vehicle accidents (46%), scooter (15%), bicycle (14%), falls (13%), and assaults (8%). The mastoid ossification index we used showed a strong correlation to all qualitative classification systems (sigmoid = 0.829; labyrinthine = 0.849; carotis = 0.863, infralabyrinthine = 0.869, all P < .001). The pneumatization index strongly correlated with capsule‐violating TBFs, with a mean of 44 ± 23 for otic capsule‐sparing TBF and 61 ± 20 for otic capsule‐violating (OCV) TBF (P < .001). The facial nerve was violated in 30 patients. Facial canal (FC) involvement was not correlated to the ossification index: it was 49 ± 23 for FC‐sparing and 44 ± 23 for FC‐violating (P = .620).ConclusionTBP serves as a protective mechanism against OCV TBF. The more pneumatized the TB, the less likely the otic capsule will be violated in the event of a TBF with the exception of the carotid and FCs. TBP index is in strong agreement with qualitative TBP classification systems.
Making sense of artificial intelligence and large language models—including ChatGPT—in pediatric hematology/oncology
Authors: Wyatt Kirk D. , Alexander Natasha , Hills Gerard D. , Liang Wayne H. , Kadauke Stephan , Volchenboum Samuel L. , Mian Amir , Phillips Charles A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChatGPT and other artificial intelligence (AI) systems have captivated the attention of healthcare providers and researchers for their potential to improve care processes and outcomes. While these technologies hold promise to automate processes, increase efficiency, and reduce cognitive burden, their use also carries risks. In this commentary, we review basic concepts of AI, outline some of the capabilities and limitations of currently available tools, discuss current and future applications in pediatric hematology/oncology, and provide an evaluation and implementation framework that can be used by pediatric hematologist/oncologists considering the use of AI in clinical practice.
Processing recycled silicone powder in liquid silicone rubber injection molding and its influence on mechanical properties
Authors: Mayer Dennis , Heienbrock Simon J. , Weißer Dennis F. , Deckert Matthias H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLiquid silicone rubber (LSR) is characterized by a wide range of advantageous properties and is therefore used in many branches and industries. However, the material is difficult to recycle due to the non‐reversible cross‐linking reaction. A promising approach to recycle the already cross‐linked (post‐industrial) waste is the mechanical recycling of LSR via grinding and addition of the powder as filler in virgin material. This research focused on the processing of such LSR‐powder‐compounds via injection molding and the influence of the powder content on mechanical properties. Compounds of virgin LSR and ambient ground powder were prepared and injection molded. Both the processability and the mechanical properties were analyzed. Compounds of up to 40 wt% powder content could be processed with standard injection molding machine equipment without any noticeable issues. The results show a similar compression set for the virgin as for the recycled compounds. Hardness decreases slightly but constantly. Tensile strength and elongation at break are at similar levels for all powder added compounds and drop only by 16.6% and 12.6% compared with the virgin LSR. The results are promising and should be the basis for further and more detailed investigations to industrialize the mechanical recycling of LSR.Highlights
Processing on standard injection molding machine with standard parameters.
Up to 40 wt% recycled silicone powder content.
Using recycled silicone particles has no effect on compression set.
Tensile strength and elongation at break decrease only by 16.6% and 12.6%.
Low temperature aging induced conjugated polymers aggregation by UV–Vis spectroscopy
Authors: Chu Zhaoyang , Guo Hang , Yu Wanchen , Sun Zhe , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMultiscale structural evolution of conjugated polymer (CP) solutions from disorder to aggregation via environmental perturbations is a universal phenomenon in condensed matter physics. Here, we take poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) as a model material and use Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy to study the hierarchical structure evolution during prolonged aging at relatively low temperature. Using in‐situ UV–Vis spectroscopy and the Franck‐Condon (FC) method, the dynamics of multiscale structural transitions in P3HT were elucidated. Hierarchical structural details can be extracted from the UV–Vis spectra, including the overall percentage of aggregates, conjugation length, degree of H‐/J‐type molecular packing, and site energetic disorder. Through covariance analysis of conformational disorder to aggregation transitions of conjugated polymers obtained under multiple conditions, we find that the trends of the above four key parameters are not consistent, which informs the unique evolution of the degree of ordering at different length scales within the aggregates. This work facilitates the scrutiny of the hierarchical structural transition from multi‐length scale perspective.
Self‐healing and cell adhesion properties of dynamic and photo‐crosslinking PEG‐based dual networks soft hydrogels
Authors: Yasar Merve , Oktay Burcu , Gurkan Ajda Coker , Apohan Nilhan Kayaman 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSelf‐healing involves an autonomic response that repairs damage to living systems. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) underwent aldehyde‐functionalization using the Albrigh Goldman oxidation technique. Flexible, dynamic crosslink points to encourage self‐healing are generated by the formation of acylhydrazone bonds formed between long‐chain PEG dialdehyde and adipic acid dihydrazide. Furthermore, methacrylated PEG was synthesized to support the polymer matrix through dynamic covalent bonds. The hydrogels exhibited self‐healing within the first 4 hours at room temperature and after 24 h. hydrogels with mechanical performance close to the original were obtained. They have good tensile and elongation strength and are well‐suited for interaction with living cells.
Assessing the functional roles of coevolving PHD finger residues
Authors: Basu Shraddha , Subedi Ujwal , Tonelli Marco , Afshinpour Maral , Tiwari Nitija , Fuentes Ernesto J. , Chakravarty Suvobrata 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough in silico folding based on coevolving residue constraints in the deep‐learning era has transformed protein structure prediction, the contributions of coevolving residues to protein folding, stability, and other functions in physical contexts remain to be clarified and experimentally validated. Herein, the PHD finger module, a well‐known histone reader with distinct subtypes containing subtype‐specific coevolving residues, was used as a model to experimentally assess the contributions of coevolving residues and to clarify their specific roles. The results of the assessment, including proteolysis and thermal unfolding of wildtype and mutant proteins, suggested that coevolving residues have varying contributions, despite their large in silico constraints. Residue positions with large constraints were found to contribute to stability in one subtype but not others. Computational sequence design and generative model‐based energy estimates of individual structures were also implemented to complement the experimental assessment. Sequence design and energy estimates distinguish coevolving residues that contribute to folding from those that do not. The results of proteolytic analysis of mutations at positions contributing to folding were consistent with those suggested by sequence design and energy estimation. Thus, we report a comprehensive assessment of the contributions of coevolving residues, as well as a strategy based on a combination of approaches that should enable detailed understanding of the residue contributions in other large protein families.
Antigen‐binding fragments with improved crystal lattice packing and enhanced conformational flexibility at the elbow region as crystallization chaperones
Authors: Bruce Heather A. , Singer Alexander U. , Blazer Levi L. , Luu Khanh , Ploder Lynda , Pavlenco Alevtina , Kurinov Igor , Adams Jarrett J. , Sidhu Sachdev S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt has been shown previously that a set of three modifications—termed S1, Crystal Kappa, and elbow—act synergistically to improve the crystallizability of an antigen‐binding fragment (Fab) framework. Here, we prepared a phage‐displayed library and performed crystallization screenings to identify additional substitutions—located near the heavy‐chain elbow region—which cooperate with the S1, Crystal Kappa, and elbow modifications to increase expression and improve crystallizability of the Fab framework even further. One substitution (K141Q) supports the signature Crystal Kappa‐mediated Fab:Fab crystal lattice packing interaction. Another substitution (E172G) improves the compatibility of the elbow modification with the Fab framework by alleviating some of the strain incurred by the shortened and bulkier elbow linker region. A third substitution (F170W) generates a split‐Fab conformation, resulting in a powerful crystal lattice packing interaction comprising the biological interaction interface between the variable heavy and light chain domains. In sum, we have used K141Q, E172G, and F170W substitutions—which complement the S1, Crystal Kappa, and elbow modifications—to generate a set of highly crystallizable Fab frameworks that can be used as chaperones to enable facile elucidation of Fab:antigen complex structures by x‐ray crystallography.
Adaptive sliding mode boundary control of a perturbed diffusion process
Authors: Mayr Paul , Orlov Yury , Pisano Alessandro , Koch Stefan , Reichhartinger Markus 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis paper proposes a sliding‐mode‐based adaptive boundary control law for stabilizing a class of uncertain diffusion processes affected by a matched disturbance. The matched disturbance is assumed to be uniformly bounded along with its time derivative, whereas the corresponding upper bounding constants are not known. This motivates the use of adaptive control strategies. In addition, the spatially‐varying diffusion coefficient is also uncertain. To achieve asymptotic stability of the plant origin in the ‐sense in the presence of the disturbance, a discontinuous boundary feedback law is proposed where the gain of the discontinuous control term is adjusted according to a gradient‐based adaptation law. A constructive Lyapunov analysis supports the stability properties of the considered closed‐loop system, yielding sufficient convergence conditions in terms of suitable inequalities involving the controllers' tuning parameters. Simulation results are presented to corroborate the theoretical findings.
Observer‐based fixed‐time task‐space cooperative tracking control of networked Lagrangian agents with quantized communication
Authors: Ding Teng‐Fei , Zhang Qiu‐Yue , Ge Ming‐Feng , Liu Jie , Park Ju H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, the task‐space cooperative tracking control (TSCTC) problem of networked Lagrangian agents (NLAs) with quantized communication is investigated in fixed time, where every Lagrangian agent suffers from imprecise dynamics and external disturbances. A hierarchical observer‐based fixed‐time control (HOBFTC) algorithm is proposed, where there are four parts: a prescribed‐time input observer is proposed to recover the unknown input of the leader, a distributed estimator control is designed to force the estimated values to converge the states (position and velocity) of the leader, a fixed‐time disturbance observer is presented to recover the total disturbances of NLAs, and a nonsingular fixed‐time local control is given to guarantee that the task‐space cooperative tracking can be achieved. The salient features are twofold: (1) by employing the hierarchical control strategy, the proposed control algorithm is clearly structured to solve the complex cooperative tracking problem with multiple constraints including quantized communication, imprecise dynamics and external disturbances. (2) the convergence time of the proposed control algorithm can be set freely by selecting some parameters, which are independent of the initial conditions. Some sufficient conditions are obtained and some simulation examples are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Machine learning for genomic and pedigree prediction in sugarcane
Authors: Inamori Minoru , Kimura Tatsuro , Mori Masaaki , Tarumoto Yusuke , Hattori Taiichiro , Hayano Michiko , Umeda Makoto , Iwata Hiroyoshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSugarcane (Saccharum spp.) plays a crucial role in global sugar production; however, the efficiency of breeding programs has been hindered by its heterozygous polyploid genomes. Considering non‐additive genetic effects is essential in genome prediction (GP) models of crops with highly heterozygous polyploid genomes. This study incorporates non‐additive genetic effects and pedigree information using machine learning methods to track sugarcane breeding lines and enhance the prediction by assessing the degree of association between genotypes. This study measured the stalk biomass and sugar content of 297 clones from 87 families within a breeding population used in the Japanese sugarcane breeding program. Subsequently, we conducted analyses based on the marker genotypes of 33,149 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. To validate the accuracy of GP in the population, we first predicted the prediction accuracy of the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) based on a genomic relationship matrix. Prediction accuracy was assessed using two different cross‐validation methods: repeated 10‐fold cross‐validation and leave‐one‐family‐out cross‐validation. The accuracy of GP of the first and second methods ranged from 0.36 to 0.74 and 0.15 to 0.63, respectively. Next, we compared the prediction accuracy of BLUP and two machine learning methods: random forests and simulation annealing ensemble (SAE), a newly developed machine learning method that explicitly models the interaction between variables. Both pedigree and genomic information were utilized as input in these methods. Through repeated 10‐fold cross‐validation, we found that the accuracy of the machine learning methods consistently surpassed that of BLUP in most cases. In leave‐one‐family‐out cross‐validation, SAE demonstrated the highest accuracy among the methods. These results underscore the effectiveness of GP in Japanese sugarcane breeding and highlight the significant potential of machine learning methods.
Thermal and flow dynamics of blood‐based Casson hybrid nanofluid under transient conditions
Authors: Kolsi Lioua , Khan Sami Ullah , Al‐Khaled Kamel , Benabdallah Faiza , Ghachem Kaouther , Albalawi Hind 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOwing to enhanced performance, the hybrid nanofluids are finding increasingly varied applications in areas such as energy systems, extrusion operations, industrial activities, and chemical processes. The aim of current model is to explore thermal behavior of Casson hybrid nanofluid flow when subjected to a magnetic force. Two types of carbon nanotubes, the single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), dispersed in blood were investigated. The study addressed the problem based on time‐dependent thermal conductivity and considering an external heat source. It is important to understand how heat transfer occurs in nanofluids with variable thermal conductivity because it is a significant feature in many thermodynamic systems where nanofluids play important roles. To formulate the set of dimensionless governing equations, similarity variables are employed. The numerical shooting method, known for its high precision, is applied to solve these equations. The accuracy of the solutions is verified by comparison with results from previous studies, and the impact of various parameters is examined. It is noticed that velocity profile declined due to unsteady parameter for both types of CNTs (SWCNTs‐MWCNTs). An increase in the nanoparticles' volume fraction results in elevated temperatures.
Kind, Karriere – kein Problem?
Authors: Voß Julia , Meyer zu Altenschildesche Clara , Ettl Kerstin 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Fallstudie porträtiert den Weg von Carmen Kim, einst eine hochbezahlte und angesehene Führungskraft in der Pharmabranche, die nach ihrer Elternzeit vor der Herausforderung steht, zukünftig Beruf und Familie vereinbaren zu müssen. Zwischen dem Stigma der potenziellen „Rabenmutter“ aus ihrem privaten Umfeld und der Sorge, im Unternehmen als „nicht belastbar“ betrachtet zu werden, scheint kein konventioneller Karriereweg mehr für sie möglich zu sein. In diesem Dilemma findet sie die Inspiration, ihr eigenes Unternehmen zu gründen und nun selbst Lösungen zur Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie für andere Organisationen anzubieten. Der Fall verdeutlicht den Einfluss gesellschaftlicher Rollenerwartungen auf Karrierepfade von Müttern und zeigt dabei nicht nur die Dringlichkeit der Überwindung bestehender Hürden, sondern auch wie gemachte Erfahrungen zur Flexibilisierung von Karriere- und Berufswegen führen und Auslöser von Innovationen sein können.
Hilbert series for covariants and their applications to minimal flavor violation
Authors: Grinstein Benjamín , Lu Xiaochuan , Merlo Luca , Quílez Pablo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We elaborate how to apply the Hilbert series method to enumerating group covariants, which transform under any given representation, including but going beyond group invariants. Mathematically, group covariants form a module over the ring of the invariants. The number of independent covariants is given by the rank of the module, which can be computed by taking a ratio of two Hilbert series. In many cases, the rank equals the dimension of the group covariant representation. When this happens, we say that there is a rank saturation. We apply this technology to revisit the hypothesis of Minimal Flavor Violation in constructing Effective Field Theories beyond the Standard Model. We find that rank saturation is guaranteed in this case, leading to the important consequence that the MFV symmetry principle does not impose any restriction on the EFT, i.e. MFV SMEFT = SMEFT, in the absence of additional assumptions.
Earth-catalyzed detection of magnetic inelastic dark matter with photons in large underground detectors
Authors: Eby Joshua , Fox Patrick J. , Kribs Graham D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Inelastic dark matter with moderate splittings, $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(few to 150) keV, can upscatter to an excited state in the Earth, with the excited state subsequently decaying, leaving a distinctive monoenergetic photon signal in large underground detectors. The photon signal can exhibit sidereal-daily modulation, providing excellent separation from backgrounds. Using a detailed numerical simulation, we examine this process as a search strategy for magnetic inelastic dark matter with the dark matter mass near the weak scale, where the upscatter to the excited state and decay proceed through the same magnetic dipole transition operator. At lower inelastic splittings, the scattering is dominated by moderate mass elements in the Earth with high spin, especially 27Al, while at larger splittings, 56Fe becomes the dominant target. We show that the proposed large volume gaseous detector CYGNUS will have excellent sensitivity to this signal. Xenon detectors also provide excellent sensitivity through the inelastic nuclear recoil signal, and if a future signal is seen, we show that the synergy among both types of detection can provide strong evidence for magnetic inelastic dark matter. In the course we have calculated nuclear response functions for elements relevant for scattering in the Earth, which are publicly available on GitHub.
On a generalized notion of metrics
Authors: Beyn Wolf-Jürgen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn these notes we generalize the notion of a (pseudo) metric measuring the distance of two points, to a (pseudo) n-metric which assigns a value to a tuple of $$n \ge 2$$

n
≥
2

points. Some elementary properties of pseudo n-metrics are provided and their construction via exterior products is investigated. We discuss some examples from the geometry of Euclidean vector spaces leading to pseudo n-metrics on the unit sphere, on the Stiefel manifold, and on the Grassmann manifold. Further, we construct a pseudo n-metric on hypergraphs and discuss the problem of generalizing the Hausdorff metric for closed sets to a pseudo n-metric.
WTAP and m6A-modified circRNAs modulation during stress response in acute myeloid leukemia progenitor cells
Authors: Iaiza Alessia , Mazzanti Gilla , Goeman Frauke , Cesaro Bianca , Cortile Clelia , Corleone Giacomo , Tito Claudia , Liccardo Francesca , De Angelis Luciana , Petrozza Vincenzo , Masciarelli Silvia , Blandino Giovanni , Fanciulli Maurizio , Fatica Alessandro , Fontemaggi Giulia , Fazi Francesco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most prevalent and conserved RNA modifications. It controls several biological processes, including the biogenesis and function of circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are a class of covalently closed-single stranded RNAs. Several studies have revealed that proteotoxic stress response induction could be a relevant anticancer therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Furthermore, a strong molecular interaction between the m6A mRNA modification factors and the suppression of the proteotoxic stress response has emerged. Since the proteasome inhibition leading to the imbalance in protein homeostasis is strictly linked to the stress response induction, we investigated the role of Bortezomib (Btz) on m6A regulation and in particular its impact on the modulation of m6A-modified circRNAs expression. Here, we show that treating AML cells with Btz downregulated the expression of the m6A regulator WTAP at translational level, mainly because of increased oxidative stress. Indeed, Btz treatment promoted oxidative stress, with ROS generation and HMOX-1 activation and administration of the reducing agent N-acetylcysteine restored WTAP expression. Additionally, we identified m6A-modified circRNAs modulated by Btz treatment, including circHIPK3, which is implicated in protein folding and oxidative stress regulation. These results highlight the intricate molecular networks involved in oxidative and ER stress induction in AML cells following proteotoxic stress response, laying the groundwork for future therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.