bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy efficient and robust allocation of interdependent tasks on mobile ad hoc computational grid
Authors: Shah Sayed Chhattan 
Published: May 2014

SummaryA mobile ad hoc computational grid is a distributed computing infrastructure that allows mobile nodes to share computing resources in a mobile ad hoc environment. Compared to traditional distributed systems such as grids and clouds, resource allocation in mobile ad hoc computational grids is not straightforward because of node mobility, limited battery power and an infrastructure‐less network environment. The existing schemes are either based on a decentralized architecture that results in poor allocation decisions or assume independent tasks. This paper presents a scheme that allocates interdependent tasks and aims to reduce task completion time and the amount of energy consumed in transmission of data. This scheme comprises two key algorithms: resource selection and resource allocation. The resource selection algorithm is designed to select nodes that remain connected for a longer period, whereas the resource assignment or allocation algorithm is developed to allocate interdependent tasks to the nodes that are accessible at the minimum transmission power. The scheme is based on a hybrid architecture that results in effective allocation decisions, reduces the communication cost associated with the exchange of control information, and distributes the processing burden among the nodes. The paper also investigates the relationship between the data transfer time and transmission energy consumption and presents a power‐based routing protocol to reduce data transfer costs and transmission energy consumption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flushing sediment from reservoirs triggers forestation in the downstream reaches
Authors: Asaeda Takashi , Rashid Md H. , Sanjaya Henegama Liyanage Kelum 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIt was assumed that sediment release from a reservoir would trigger forestation and change the spatial pattern of tree recruitment in the downstream. This study tested these hypotheses by observation on a downstream sandbar of the Kurobe River. Prior to sediment release, Elaeagnus umbellata and Salix gilgiana were the most abundant tree species (33% and 64% of the total tree population) on the bar. The former colonized on elevated areas, whereas the latter mostly grew along the edges of river channels. After 2008 and 2009 sediment releases, a thick layer of fine sediment accumulated in active river channels and on low‐elevated areas of the bar. The particle size of the accumulated sediment was significantly lower (p < 0·01) and the moisture content was higher (p < 0·01) than in the underlying substrate. Total nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus concentrations of the accumulated sediment were higher than in the covered portions. After sediment release, a seedling flushing of both species occurred on the bar where 87% was composed of S. gilgiana and the remaining 13% was of E. umbellata. Although most of the S. gilgiana seedlings recruited on low‐lying areas, numerous individuals also grew on elevated margins of the channels and on areas dominated by E. umbellata. The accumulated sediment made changes in the substrate, which were favourable for the recruitment and spread of S. gilgiana. This study suggests that an alternative to sediment flushing for reservoir maintenance should be sought or the impacts on downstream environment should carefully be considered before an extensive sediment flushing operation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relevance of Dispersion Interactions in the Germylidyne and Stannylidyne Complexes of Manganese: Structure and Bonding‐Energy Analysis
Authors: Pandey Krishna K. , Patidar Pankaj , Vishwakarma Ravi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) and dispersion‐corrected DFT calculations were used to study the nature of Mn≡E bonds in the cationic manganese‐ylidyne complexes trans‐[H(dmpe)2Mn≡E(Mes)]+ (E = Ge, Sn) and [H(dmpe)2Mn≡Sn(C6H3‐2,6‐Mes2)]+ by using BP86, PBE, and PW91 functionals. The calculated geometrical parameters of the stannylidyne complexes are in good agreement with the available experimental values. Significant non‐covalent interactions appear between the metal fragment and the ligands in the studied complexes, which were determined by the QTAIM‐defined topological analysis. The electronic structure of the Mn≡E bonds was examined by Voronoi deformation density (VDD) charges and Nalewazskii–Mrozek bond orders. The overall electronic charge transfers from [E(Mes)] or [E(C6H3‐2,6‐Mes2)] to [H(dmpe)2Mn] fragment. The energy decomposition analysis shows that the Mn≡Ge bond has more covalent character than ionic, and the percentage of ionic character increases from Ge to Sn. The bond dissociation energy at the DFT/BP86 level for the Mn≡Ge bond (67.6 kcal/mol) is larger than that of the Mn≡Sn bond (55.8 kcal/mol). The D3(BJ) dispersion interactions between metal fragment and EMes ligands add nearly 17.0 kcal/mol to the Mn≡E bond dissociation energies. The dispersion energy contribution increases with the bulkiness of the ligand substituent. The distortion of the Mn–E–C bond angle has been discussed in terms of a Jahn–Teller distortion.
5‐Methylthiophene‐2,3‐dithiolene Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Neves Ana I. S. , Santos Isabel C. , Coutinho Joana T. , Pereira Laura C. J. , Henriques Rui T. , Lopes Elsa B. , Alves H. , Almeida Manuel , Belo Dulce 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTransition metal complexes based on the new ligand 5‐methylthiophene‐2,3‐dithiolate (α‐mtpdt) and Au, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu Pt and Pd were prepared as tetraalkylammonium and tetraarylphosphonium salts and characterised by cyclic voltammetry, X‐ray diffraction, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Except for the Cu complex, which forms a four‐metal cluster [Cu4(α‐mtpdt)3]2–, the metals form complexes of the general formula [M(α‐mtpdt)2]. With Au, Ni and Fe, the complexes are directly obtained from the synthesis as monoanionic salts, and the isostructural crystal structures of [nBu4N][Ni(α‐mtpdt)2] and [nBu4N][Au(α‐mtpdt)2] were solved by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. For M = Co, Pt and Pd, both monoanionic and dianionic salts were obtained, and the crystal structures of [Ph4As]2[Co(α‐mtpdt)2] and [Ph4As]2[Pd(α‐mtpdt)2] were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The Co compound presents a rare tetrahedral coordination geometry. The oxidation of the monoanionic Ni and Au complexes with iodine leads to stable neutral complexes, which are fairly soluble in common organic solvents such as acetonitrile and dichloromethane. The crystal structure of [Ni(α‐mtpdt)2] was solved by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The electrical conductivities of the neutral Ni and Au complexes as polycrystalline compressed pellets are typical of a semiconductor; the room‐temperature conductivities are 5.2 × 10–7 and 8.7 × 10–5 S cm–1, and the activation energies are 325 and 287 meV, respectively.
Progress in Catalytic Asymmetric Protonation
Authors: Oudeyer Sylvain , Brière Jean‐François , Levacher Vincent 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEnantioselective protonation represents an appealing approach for the construction of nonracemic chiral tertiary carbon centres, frequently found in a large range of bio‐relevant organic compounds. The development of efficient catalytic processes has hitherto been regarded as a challenging goal for the synthetic chemist. Significant developments in catalytic enantioselective protonation (EP) that have been emerging over the last few years (2009–2013) are presented in this microreview. These include not only catalytic EP processes from preformed enol derivatives and useful tandem Michael addition/protonation sequences, but also unprecedented catalytic cascade reactions involving enantioselective protonation as a crucial stereo‐determining step. Here, special attention is paid to the scope and limitations of these new catalytic EP processes, while valuable mechanistic insights into the catalytic cycles and into the key enantioselective protonation steps are provided.
Suicide risk in long‐term care facilities: a systematic review
Authors: Mezuk Briana , Rock Andrew , Lohman Matthew C. , Choi Moon 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveSuicide risk is highest in later life; however, little is known about the risk of suicide among older adults in long‐term care facilities (e.g., nursing homes and assisted living facilities). The goal of this paper is to review and synthesize the descriptive and analytic epidemiology of suicide in long‐term care settings over the past 25 years.MethodsFour databases (PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Web of Knowledge, and EBSCOHost Academic Search Complete) were searched for empirical studies of suicide risk in nursing homes, assisted living, and other residential facilities from 1985 to 2013. Of the 4073 unique research articles identified, 37 were selected for inclusion in this review.ResultsOf the included reports, 21 were cross‐sectional, 8 cohort, 3 qualitative, and 5 intervention studies. Most studies indicate that suicidal thoughts (active and passive) are common among residents (prevalence in the past month: 5–33%), although completed suicide is rare. Correlates of suicidal thoughts among long‐term care residents include depression, social isolation, loneliness, and functional decline. Most studies examined only individual‐level correlates of suicide, although there is suggestive evidence that organizational characteristics (e.g., bed size and staffing) may also be relevant.ConclusionsExisting research on suicide risk in long‐term care facilities is limited but suggests that this is an important issue for clinicians and medical directors to be aware of and address. Research is needed on suicide risk in assisted living and other non‐nursing home residential settings, as well as the potential role of organizational characteristics on emotional well‐being for residents. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Face‐ and Regioselectivity in Electrophilic Phenylsulfenylation of 7‐tert‐Butoxybicyclo[2.2.1]hepta‐2,5‐dienes
Authors: Uno Hidemitsu , Yoshino Masaki , Seike Aya , Mori Shigeki , Nakae Takahiro , Okujima Tetsuo 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTElectrophilic phenylsulfenylation of syn‐7‐tert‐butoxy‐2‐phenylsulfonyl‐ bicyclo[2.2.1] hepta‐2,5‐diene with phenylsulfenyl chloride yielded a mixture of three simple adducts, two of which were derived by the endo face attack of the phenylsulfenyl cation. In the analogous reaction with the anti derivative, only one adduct with the exo phenylsulfanyl group at the nearer carbon was obtained. This product was derived by the attack of the phenylsulfenyl cation from the exo face followed by the endo attack of a chloride anion at the carbon opposite to the phenylsulfonyl group. The similar reaction of 7‐tert‐butoxybicyclo[2.2.1]hepta‐2,5‐diene itself underwent no Wager–Meerwein‐type rearrangement or transannular reaction, and simple adducts were formed in good combined yield. The combined yield of the products reacted at the syn double bond was ca. 80%.
Unique presentation of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: a single‐center experience and literature review
Authors: Paluri Ravi , Nabell Lisle , Borak Samuel , Peker Deniz 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBlastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and highly aggressive hematological malignancy derived from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Very few cases of BPDCN have been described with lack of skin manifestations at the time of diagnosis. Here we report two rare non‐cutaneous presentations of BPDCN without obvious skin lesions at our institution and also the literature review. Our first patient had a unique presentation of BPDCN confined to the sinonasal region with central nervous system involvement. The second patient we report is also atypical with regard to widespread disease that uncharacteristically spared the skin and bone marrow. BPDCN is a rare hematological malignancy involving immature plasmacytoid dendritic cells. It poses a diagnostic challenge requiring multidisciplinary approach to manage this disease. It is important to identify effective therapies for both cutaneous and non‐cutaneous presentations of BPDCN, since most cases are uniformly fatal with conventional chemotherapy alone. High‐dose induction therapy based on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) regimens, to achieve complete remission followed by allo‐hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from related or unrelated donors is recommended to improve long‐term survival in these patients. Larger scale studies are warranted to understand the pathophysiology of the disease and the important prognostic indicators for optimal management. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicity of imine–iminium dyes and pigments: electron transfer, radicals, oxidative stress and other physiological effects
Authors: Kovacic Peter , Somanathan Ratnasamy 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough conjugation is well known as an important contributor to color, there is scant recognition concerning involvement of imine and iminium functions in the physiological effects of this class of dyes and pigments. The group includes the dyes methylene blue, rhodamine, malachite green, fuchsin, crystal violet, auramine and cyanins, in addition to the pigments consisting of pyocyanine, phthalocyanine and pheophytin. The physiological effects consist of both toxicity and beneficial aspects. The unifying theme of electron transfer–reactive oxygen species–oxidative stress is used as the rationale in both cases. Toxicity is frequently prevented or alleviated by antioxidants. The apparent dichotomy of methylene blue action as both oxidant and antioxidant is rationalized based on similar previous cases. This mechanistic approach may have practical benefit. This review is important in conveying, for the first time, a unifying mechanism for toxicity based on electron transfer–reactive oxygen species–oxidative stress arising from imine–iminium. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiotoxicity evaluation of anthracyclines in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Han Ying , Zhang Jing‐pu , Qian Jian‐qin , Hu Chang‐qin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDrug‐induced cardiotoxicity is a leading factor for drug withdrawals, and limits drug efficacy and clinical use. Therefore, new alternative animal models and methods for drug safety evaluation have been given great attention. Anthracyclines (ANTs) are widely prescribed anticancer agents that have a cumulative dose relationship with cardiotoxicity. We performed experiments to study the toxicity of ANTs in early developing zebrafish embryos, especially their effects on the heart. LC50 values for daunorubicin, pirarubicin, doxorubicin (DOX), epirubicin and DOX‐liposome at 72 h post‐fertilization were 122.7 μM, 111.9 μM, 31.2 μM, 108.3 μM and 55.8 μM, respectively. At the same time, zebrafish embryos were exposed to ANTs in three exposure stages and induced incomplete looping of the heart tube, pericardia edema and bradycardia in a dose‐dependent manner, eventually leading to death. DOX caused the greatest heart defects in the treatment stages and its liposome reduced the effects on the heart, while daunorubicin produced the least toxicity. Genes and proteins related to heart development were also identified to be sensitive to ANT exposure and downregulated by ANTs. It revealed ANTs could disturb the heart formation and development. ANTs induced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish has similar effects in mammalian models, indicating that zebrafish may have a potential value for assessment of drug‐induced developmental cardiotoxicity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A trivalent approach for determining in vitro toxicology: Examination of oxime K027
Authors: Prado Adriana , Petroianu Georg A. , Lorke Dietrich E. , Chambers Jeremy W. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTUnforeseen toxic effects contribute to compound attrition during preclinical evaluation and clinical trials. Consequently, there is a need to correlate in vitro toxicity to in vivo and clinical outcomes quickly and effectively. We propose an expedited evaluation of physiological parameters in vitro that will improve the ability to predict in vivo toxicity of potential therapeutics. By monitoring metabolism, mitochondrial physiology and cell viability, our approach provides insight to the extent of drug toxicity in vitro. To implement our approach, we used human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and neuroblastoma cells (SH‐SY5Y) to monitor hepato‐ and neurotoxicity of the experimental oxime K027. We utilized a trivalent approach to measure metabolism, mitochondrial stress and induction of apoptosis in 96‐well formats. Any change in these three areas may suggest drug‐induced toxicity in vivo. K027 and pralidoxime, an oxime currently in clinical use, had no effect on glycolysis or oxygen consumption in HepG2 and SH‐SY5Y cells. Similarly, these oximes did not induce oxidant generation nor alter mitochondrial membrane potential. Further, K027 and pralidoxime failed to activate effector caspases, and these oximes did not alter viability. The chemotherapeutic agent, docetaxel, negatively affected metabolism, mitochondrial physiology and viability. Our studies present a streamlined high‐throughput trivalent approach for predicting toxicity in vitro, and this approach reveals that K027 has no measurable hepatotoxicity or neurotoxicity in vitro, which correlates with their in vivo data. This approach could eliminate toxic drugs from consideration for in vivo preclinical evaluation faster than existing toxicity prediction panels and ultimately prevent unnecessary experimentation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stem cell responses to nanotopography
Authors: Park Siyeon , Im Gun‐Il 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCells interact with various nanoscaled topographical and biochemical cues in their cellular macromolecular environment. Nanotopography recreates or mimic the cellular macromolecular environment in vitro. The influence of material surface topography on the behavior of adherent cells has been studied. Current techniques enable various kinds of nanopatterned surface to be generated and applied to cells. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of nanotopography and its surface patterns, and introduce nanotopography effects on cell behavior including cell attachment, proliferation, and cell differentiation with particular emphasis on musculoskeletal regeneration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1238–1245, 2015.
Osteogenic differentiation of umbilical cord and adipose derived stem cells onto highly porous 45S5 Bioglass®‐based scaffolds
Authors: Detsch Rainer , Alles Sonja , Hum Jasmin , Westenberger Peter , Sieker Frank , Heusinger Dominik , Kasper Cornelia , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn the context of bone tissue engineering (BTE), combinations of bioactive scaffolds with living cells are investigated to optimally yield functional bone tissue for implantation purposes. Bioactive glasses are a class of highly bioactive, inorganic materials with broad application potential in BTE strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate bioactive glass (45S5 Bioglass®) samples of composition: 45 SiO2, 24.5 CaO, 24.5 Na2O, and 6 P2O5 (in wt%) as scaffold materials for mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Pore architecture of the scaffolds as well as cell behavior in the three‐dimensional environment was evaluated by several methods. Investigations concerned the osteogenic cell attachment, growth and differentiation of adipose tissue derived MSC (adMSC) compared with MSC from human full term umbilical cord tissues (ucMSC) on porous Bioglass®‐based scaffolds over a cultivation period of 5 weeks. Differences in lineage‐specific osteogenic differentiation of adMSC and ucMSC on Bioglass® samples were demonstrated. The investigation led to positive results in terms of cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of MSC onto Bioglass®‐based scaffolds confirming the relevance of these matrices for BTE applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1029–1037, 2015.
High‐Resolution Melting Analysis as a Developed Method for Genotyping the PD Susceptibility Loci in LRRK2 Gene
Authors: Jiang Enzhu , Li Fengrui , Jing Chenchen , Li Pei , Cui Honggang , Wang Baojie , Ding Mei , Pang Hao 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundSingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported as a highly relevant point for the mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD). The invention of saturating dye makes it possible to identify heteroduplex DNA without redistribution during melting, which allows using high‐resolution melting (HRM) to detect SNPs. However, the HRM analysis for detection of those SNPs associated with PD was rarely applied.MethodsTwo SNPs, G2385R and R1628P, located in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene were individually and multiplexedly genotyped using HRM analysis. The sequence variant observed in unexpected HRM curves was confirmed by DNA sequencing.ResultsHRM analysis identified successfully all genotypes both on R1628P and G2385R loci. The unexpected HRM curves appeared in R1628P amplicon generated from combinations of R1628P and rs11176013 loci. A multiplexed HRM assay that genotyped R1628P, rs11176013, and G2385R loci was efficiently established.ConclusionsThe present HRM assay is a reliable and rapid method for genotyping R1628P and G2385R loci in LRRK2 gene, and multiplex HRM analysis results in high throughput and has the potential to facilitate a wide range of genotyping studies on PD susceptibility genes.
Molecular dynamics simulation study of glass transition in hydrated Nafion
Authors: Ozmaian M. , Naghdabadi R. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe thermal transition of Nafion is studied using a molecular dynamics simulation through a chemically realistic model. Static and dynamic properties of polymer melts with different water contents are investigated over a wide range of temperatures to obtain viscometric and calorimetric glass transition temperatures. The effect of cooling rate of the simulation on the glass transition of the hydrated polymer is also examined within the well‐known Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation. Variation of relaxation times versus temperature shows a fragile‐to‐strong transition. The hydration level has a significant impact on the static and dynamic properties of the polymer chains and water molecules confined in nanometric spaces between polymer chains. The results of this study are useful to predict the behavior of Nafion for various applications including fuel cells, sensors, actuators, and shape memory devices at different temperatures. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 907–915