bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does exercise intensity affect blood pressure and heart rate in obese adolescents? A 6‐month multidisciplinary randomized intervention study
Authors: Farah B. Q. , Ritti‐Dias R. M. , Balagopal P. (B.) , Hill J. O. , Prado W. L. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Aerobic exercise training is frequently used to reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease in obese adolescents.
However, there is no consensus on how the intensity of exercise affects blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV).
What this study adds
The current study shows that high‐intensity exercise training is able to decrease heart rate and enhance HRV likely playing a role in improving cardiac autonomic modulation.
However, it does not influence the reduction in blood pressure.
BackgroundAerobic exercise improves cardiovascular health in general, but whether the impact varies with exercise intensity is not clear.ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to compare the effects of a high‐intensity aerobic exercise training (HIT) vs. a low‐intensity aerobic exercise training (LIT) on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in obese adolescents.MethodsForty‐three (13–18 years) Tanner stage (III–IV) matched obese adolescents were studied in a randomized trial of either HIT (corresponding to the ventilatory threshold I; n = 20) or LIT (corresponding to 20% below the ventilatory threshold I; n = 23) programme for a period of 6 months. All participants also received a multidisciplinary therapy that included nutritional, psychological and clinical counselling. Both HIT and LIT sessions were isocaloric, with energy expenditure set at 350 kcal. BP, HR and HRV were measured along with markers of body adiposity and insulin resistance before and after the respective interventions.ResultsThe participants in both groups had similar physical and clinical characteristics. After the 6‐month intervention, systolic, diastolic and mean BP decreased (P < 0.05, for all) similarly in both groups, whereas waist circumference, HR and HRV showed beneficial changes only in the HIT group (P < 0.05).ConclusionAerobic exercise training set at a high intensity compared with the low intensity appears to have additional benefits on abdominal obesity and cardiovascular health in that it enhances the parasympathetic and autonomic modulation of the heart in obese adolescents.
In situ Diamond Anvil Cell–Raman Spectroscopy and Nanoindentation Study of the Pressure‐Induced Phase Transformation in Pure and Zinc‐Doped β‐Eucryptite
Authors: Ramalingam Subramanian , Packard Corinne E. , Reimanis Ivar E. 
Published: February 2013

β‐eucryptite (LiAlSiO4), a member of the family of lithium aluminum silicates, is known to undergo a reversible pressure‐induced phase transformation at ~0.8 GPa to ε‐eucryptite. This study correlates the results between two techniques, in situ diamond anvil cell–Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation experiments, to explore how doping (substituting Zn for Li) influences this pressure‐induced phase transformation. Diamond anvil cell tests carried up to 3 GPa hydrostatic stress under Raman spectroscopy were compared with nanoindentation results, which provide a more localized, multiaxial stress state. The results indicate that the magnitude of hysteresis observed (difference between the pressures required for the forward and reverse transformation) is lower for Zn‐doped β‐eucryptite; however, the onset of the phase transformation is unchanged by doping with Zn. Furthermore, calculations of activation volume from nanoindentation experiments yield similar values (~0.1 nm3) for pure and Zn‐doped β‐eucryptite, suggesting that the nucleation event that establishes the onset of the phase transformation is the same for both materials.
Bisphenol A in relation to behavior and learning of school‐age children
Authors: Hong Soon‐Beom , Hong Yun‐Chul , Kim Jae‐Won , Park Eun‐Jin , Shin Min‐Sup , Kim Boong‐Nyun , Yoo Hee‐Jeong , Cho In‐Hee , Bhang Soo‐Young , Cho Soo‐Churl 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundBisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to affect brain and behavior in rodents and nonhuman primates, but there are few studies focusing on its relationship to human neurobehavior. We aimed to investigate the relationship between environmental exposure to BPA and childhood neurobehavior.MethodsUrinary BPA concentrations and behavioral and learning characteristics were assessed in a general population of 1,089 children, aged 8–11 years. The main outcome measures were the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Learning Disability Evaluation Scale (LDES).ResultsUrinary levels of BPA were positively associated with the CBCL total problems score and negatively associated with the learning quotient from the LDES. The linear association with the CBCL anxiety/depression score and the quadratic association with the LDES listening score were significant after correction for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsEnvironmental exposure to BPA might be associated with childhood behavioral and learning development. The results suggest possible nonmonotonic relationships.
Prevalence and associated factors of gingival recession in Greek adults
Authors: Chrysanthakopoulos Nikolaos A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of the present cross‐sectional study was to estimate gingival recession (GR) prevalence and associated risk factors in young Greek adults.MethodsThe study population consisted of 420 young adults (200 males and 220 females). All individuals were clinically examined and answered questions regarding their smoking status, educational level, and oral hygiene practices. In addition, the association between GR and the following aspects was assessed: sex, smoking status, educational level, plaque index, gingival index, calculus presence, and plaque control methods. Statistical analysis of data was accomplished using the multivariate linear regression analysis model.ResultsThe average number of GR overall was 1.38 mm (standard deviation: 0.18 mm). Gingival index (P = 0.000) and smoking (P = 0.01) were the most important associated risk factors of GR, while sex, oral hygiene practices, presence of supragingival calculus, educational level, and plaque index were not significantly associated with it.ConclusionGingival inflammation, as determined by the gingival index, and smoking were the most important associated risk factors of GR.
5‐HTTLPR and anxiety modulate brain‐heart covariation
Authors: Mueller Erik M. , Stemmler Gerhard , Hennig Jürgen , Wacker Jan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTo date, little is known about genes affecting the interplay of brain and heart activity. Because serotonin (5‐HT) is involved in corticovagal neurotransmission, we tested whether the 5‐HT transporter polymorphism 5‐HTTLPR affects brain‐heart covariation. Further, associations with neuroticism/anxiety (NANX) were tested, as anxiety is related to 5‐HT and neurogenic changes of heart period (HP). N = 168 participants performed a time‐estimation task while EEG and HP were recorded. Brain‐heart covariation was measured using time‐lagged within‐subject correlations of centromedial feedback‐evoked single‐trial EEG at 300 ms and subsequent changes of HP. EEG‐HP correlations were higher in 5‐HTTLPR long allele carriers. Moreover, after negative feedback, EEG‐HP correlations and feedback‐related negativity amplitudes independently correlated with NANX. The results indicate that individual differences in brain‐heart covariation relate to 5‐HT and NANX.
Marfan syndrome: a review of the literature and case report
Authors: Tsang Annetta K. L. , Taverne Aart , Holcombe Trevor 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTMarfan syndrome (MFS) is a connective tissue disorder of variable inheritance that affects multiple organ systems. Cardiovascular, ocular, and skeletal abnormalities are cardinal features of the syndrome. Orofacially, MFS patients typically exhibit skeletal class II malocclusion, dolichofacial growth pattern, mandibular retrognathia, malar hypoplasia, high arched palate, dental crowding, and root anomalies. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the literature, as well as describe an 11‐year‐old female with MFS diagnosed at the age of 10.5 years. This report emphasizes the orofacial findings in MFS and highlights particularities of dental treatment when social deficits and intellectual disabilities are also implicated.
Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine, MVA85A, Delivered by Aerosol to the Lungs of Macaques
Authors: White A. D. , Sibley L. , Dennis M. J. , Gooch K. , Betts G. , Edwards N. , Reyes-Sandoval A. , Carroll M. W. , Williams A. , Marsh P. D. , McShane H. , Sharpe S. A. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) is a reemerging disease. The only available vaccine,Mycobacterium bovisBCG, is delivered intradermally and confers highly variable efficacy against pulmonary disease. There is an urgent need for improved vaccination strategies. Murine studies suggest that immunizations delivered directly to the respiratory mucosa might be a more effective route of vaccination. This study compared the immunogenicity of a leading candidate tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing antigen 85A (MVA85A), in rhesus macaques, delivered either as an aerosol or as an intradermal boost immunization 12 weeks after an intradermal BCG prime vaccine. Aerosol vaccination was well tolerated. MVA85A delivered by aerosol or by intradermal injection induced antigen-specific immune responses in the periphery and the lung, with a trend toward the highest response when the compartment and route of delivery were matched. The ability of poxvirus-vectored vaccines delivered by the systemic route to induce responses in the mucosal immune compartment in macaques is in contrast to the independent compartmentalization of mucosal and systemic immune systems described in mice. Unlike intradermal vaccination, aerosol vaccination did not induce a detectable serum anti-vector antibody response. The delivery of vaccines to the lungs might provide an immunization strategy that limits the induction of systemic anti-vector immunity, which would be extremely useful in the development of improved vaccine strategies. This is the first study to show a recombinant MVA-vectored vaccine to be highly immunogenic when delivered by the aerosol route to nonhuman primates. These results provide important safety and proof-of-concept data for further evaluation of this route of immunization for use in human clinical trials.
Optimized Method for Acinetobacter Species Carbapenemase Detection and Identification by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Álvarez-Buylla Adela , Picazo Juan J. , Culebras Esther 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for rapid detection and identification of the enzymes responsible for carbapenem resistance in
Acinetobacter
spp. appears as a promising option, but it will be necessary to have a standardized protocol that facilitates routine use. Based on the results reported herein and comparisons of several previously published reports, we identified the significant peaks for imipenem detection. Optimal bacterial inoculum and incubation time were established, and results obtained with and without dipicolinic acid (DPA) and Zn
2+
allowed us to distinguish between metallo-beta-lactamases and oxacillinases.
School closures and influenza: systematic review of epidemiological studies
Authors: Jackson Charlotte , Vynnycky Emilia , Hawker Jeremy , Olowokure Babatunde , Mangtani Punam 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo review the effects of school closures on pandemic and seasonal influenza outbreaks.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE and EMBASE, reference lists of identified articles, hand searches of key journals and additional papers from the authors' collections.Study selectionStudies were included if they reported on a seasonal or pandemic influenza outbreak coinciding with a planned or unplanned school closure.ResultsOf 2579 papers identified through MEDLINE and EMBASE, 65 were eligible for inclusion in the review along with 14 identified from other sources. Influenza incidence frequently declined after school closure. The effect was sometimes reversed when schools reopened, supporting a causal role for school closure in reducing incidence. Any benefits associated with school closure appeared to be greatest among school-aged children. However, as schools often closed late in the outbreak or other interventions were used concurrently, it was sometimes unclear how much school closure contributed to the reductions in incidence.ConclusionsSchool closures appear to have the potential to reduce influenza transmission, but the heterogeneity in the data available means that the optimum strategy (eg, the ideal length and timing of closure) remains unclear.
Spreaders and Sponges Define Metastasis in Lung Cancer: A Markov Chain Monte Carlo Mathematical Model
Authors: Newton Paul K. , Mason Jeremy , Bethel Kelly , Bazhenova Lyudmila , Nieva Jorge , Norton Larry , Kuhn Peter 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The classic view of metastatic cancer progression is that it is a unidirectional process initiated at the primary tumor site, progressing to variably distant metastatic sites in a fairly predictable, although not perfectly understood, fashion. A Markov chain Monte Carlo mathematical approach can determine a pathway diagram that classifies metastatic tumors as “spreaders” or “sponges” and orders the timescales of progression from site to site. In light of recent experimental evidence highlighting the potential significance of self-seeding of primary tumors, we use a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach, based on large autopsy data sets, to quantify the stochastic, systemic, and often multidirectional aspects of cancer progression. We quantify three types of multidirectional mechanisms of progression: (i) self-seeding of the primary tumor, (ii) reseeding of the primary tumor from a metastatic site (primary reseeding), and (iii) reseeding of metastatic tumors (metastasis reseeding). The model shows that the combined characteristics of the primary and the first metastatic site to which it spreads largely determine the future pathways and timescales of systemic disease. Cancer Res; 73(9); 2760–9. ©2013 AACR.
Direct Targeting of MEK1/2 and RSK2 by Silybin Induces Cell-Cycle Arrest and Inhibits Melanoma Cell Growth
Authors: Lee Mee-Hyun , Huang Zunnan , Kim Dong Joon , Kim Sung-Hyun , Kim Myoung Ok , Lee Sung-Young , Xie Hua , Park Si Jun , Kim Jae Young , Kundu Joydeb Kumar , Bode Ann M. , Surh Young-Joon , Dong Zigang 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Abnormal functioning of multiple gene products underlies the neoplastic transformation of cells. Thus, chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic agents with multigene targets hold promise in the development of effective anticancer drugs. Silybin, a component of milk thistle, is a natural anticancer agent. In the present study, we investigated the effect of silybin on melanoma cell growth and elucidated its molecular targets. Our study revealed that silybin attenuated the growth of melanoma xenograft tumors in nude mice. Silybin inhibited the kinase activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)-1/2 and ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)-2 in melanoma cells. The direct binding of silybin with MEK1/2 and RSK2 was explored using a computational docking model. Treatment of melanoma cells with silybin attenuated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 and RSK2, which are regulated by the upstream kinases MEK1/2. The blockade of MEK1/2-ERK1/2-RSK2 signaling by silybin resulted in a reduced activation of NF-κB, activator protein-1, and STAT3, which are transcriptional regulators of a variety of proliferative genes in melanomas. Silybin, by blocking the activation of these transcription factors, induced cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase and inhibited melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, silybin suppresses melanoma growth by directly targeting MEK- and RSK-mediated signaling pathways. Cancer Prev Res; 6(5); 455–65. ©2013 AACR.
Thrombotic risk factors in Chinese Budd-Chiari syndrome patients
Authors: He Chuangye , Yin Zhanxin , Niu Jing , Bai Ming , Yang Zhiping , Wu Kaichun , Fan Daiming , Qi Xingshun , Wu Feifei , Ren Weirong , Han Guohong 
Published: February 2013

SummaryIn Western countries, thrombotic risk factors for Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) are very common, including factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin G20210A mutation, myeloproliferative neoplasms, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, etc. However, the data regarding thrombotic risk factors in Chinese BCS patients are extremely limited. An observational study was conducted to examine this issue. A total of 246 BCS patients who were consecutively admitted to our department between July 1999 and December 2011 were invited to be examined for thrombotic risk factors. Of these, 169 patients were enrolled. Neither factor V Leiden mutation nor prothrombin G20210A mutation was found in any of 136 patients tested. JAK2 V617F mutation was positive in four of 169 patients tested. Neither MPL W515L/K mutation nor JAK2 exon 12 mutation was found in any of 135 patients tested. Overt myeloproliferative neoplasms were diagnosed in five patients (polycythemia vera, n=3; essential thrombocythemia, n=1; idiopathic myelofibrosis, n=1). Two of them had positive JAK2 V617F mutation. Both CD55 and CD59 deficiencies were found in one of 166 patients tested. This patient had a previous history of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria before BCS. Anticardiolipin IgG antibodies were positive or weakly positive in six of 166 patients tested. Hyperhomocysteinaemia was found in 64 of 128 patients tested. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T mutation was found in 96 of 135 patients tested. In conclusion, factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin G20210A mutation, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria are very rare in Chinese BCS patients, suggesting that the etiological distribution of BCS might be different between Western countries and China.
Short- and Long-range Neural Synchrony in Grapheme–Color Synesthesia
Authors: Volberg Gregor , Karmann Anna , Birkner Stefanie , Greenlee Mark W. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Grapheme–color synesthesia is a perceptual phenomenon where single graphemes (e.g., the letter “E”) induce simultaneous sensations of colors (e.g., the color green) that were not objectively shown. Current models disagree as to whether the color sensations arise from increased short-range connectivity between anatomically adjacent grapheme- and color-processing brain structures or from decreased effectiveness of inhibitory long-range connections feeding back into visual cortex. We addressed this issue by examining neural synchrony obtained from EEG activity, in a sample of grapheme–color synesthetes that were presented with color-inducing versus non-color-inducing graphemes. For color-inducing graphemes, the results showed a decrease in the number of long-range couplings in the theta frequency band (4–7 Hz, 280–540 msec) and a concurrent increase of short-range phase-locking within lower beta band (13–20 Hz, 380–420 msec at occipital electrodes). Because the effects were both found in long-range synchrony and later within the visual processing stream, the results support the idea that reduced inhibition is an important factor for the emergence of synesthetic colors.
Treatment of Type C Pilon Fractures by External Fixator Combined With Limited Open Reduction and Absorbable Internal Fixation
Authors: Zhao Liangyu , Li Yongchuan , Chen Aimin , Zhang Zhiling , Xi Jiang , Yang Di 
Published: February 2013

Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcome of the treatment of type C pilon fractures by using an external fixator combined with limited open reduction and absorbable internal fixation. Patients and Methods: Twenty-five type C pilon fractures, including 4 open fractures, were included in this retrospective study. The procedure of first-stage manipulation and external fixation spanning the ankle joint was conducted as early as possible. For the second stage, the tibial and fibular fractures were reduced and fixed with absorbable screws or rods through a limited incision. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score (AOFAS) was obtained for evaluation of function. Twenty-one patients were followed postoperatively for a minimum of 18 months. Results: The mean time of union was 4.8 months. Delayed union of the distal tibia occurred in 1 patient. Minor infection occurred in 8 patients and deep infection in 1 patient. No skin necrosis, malunion, loss of reduction, nonunion, or fixation failure was observed during the follow-up period. No hardware removal was needed, nor was adverse tissue reaction to the implants observed. An excellent or good AOFAS outcome was obtained in 81% (17/21) of the patients. Conclusions: External fixator combined with limited open reduction and absorbable internal fixation was a reliable treatment for closed and open AO/OTA type C pilon fractures of the distal tibia. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
The essentialism of whiteness: Abandoning empirical engagement
Authors: de Montigny Gerald AJ 
Published: February 2013

Summary This article examines social workers’ attention to privilege, white privilege, and oppression as ideological practice. It suggests alternative methods for accounting for troubles in social relations derived from ethnomethodology. Findings Although presented as progressive, the methods used by anti-racist social workers to account for interaction as organized by racism and privilege rely on practices for working up race and privilege isomorphic with those used by racists and white supremacists. Applications Alternative methods to account for troubles in relations are suggested which draw on an abiding attention to every-day socially organized practices.