bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterochrony of cuticular differentiation in eusocial corbiculate bees
Authors: Elias-Neto Moysés , Nascimento Ana L. O. , Bonetti Ana M. , Nascimento Fabio S. , Mateus Sidnei , Garófalo Carlos A. , Bitondi Márcia M. G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe exoskeleton (cuticle) of insects varies widely in shape, biomechanical properties, and functions, which are inherent to the biological species and developmental stage, besides showing a wealth of architectural specializations and nuances in the different body regions. The morphological pattern of exoskeleton maturation was studied in eusocial and solitary bees, including species of all three eusocial tribes of corbiculate bees as follows: Apini, Meliponini, and Bombini. The results showed striking differences in the rate of cuticle maturation between the solitary bees that leave the nest soon after the adult ecdysis, and the eusocial bees that take longer to leave the colony for foraging activities. There was a clear delay in the post-ecdysial cuticle tanning (melanization and sclerotization) in the eusocial bee species in comparison to the solitary species, suggesting adaptation to sociality and to the protective environment of the colony. Such heterochrony of cuticle maturation seems a conserved ontogenetic trait related to the way of life in corbiculate bees. The data generated a basic framework of exoskeleton maturation in corbiculate bees, under ontogenetic and evolutionary approaches, and give experimental support for further research on adaptation to the colony environment.
Legal and ethical standards for protecting women's human rights and the practice of conscientious objection in reproductive healthcare settings
Authors: Zampas Christina 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe practice of conscientious objection by healthcare workers is growing across the globe. It is most common in reproductive healthcare settings because of the religious or moral values placed on beliefs as to when life begins. It is often invoked in the context of abortion and contraceptive services, including the provision of information related to such services. Few states adequately regulate the practice, leading to denial of access to lawful reproductive healthcare services and violations of fundamental human rights. International ethical, health, and human rights standards have recently attempted to address these challenges by harmonizing the practice of conscientious objection with women's right to sexual and reproductive health services. FIGO ethical standards have had an important role in influencing human rights development in this area. They consider regulation of the unfettered use of conscientious objection essential to the realization of sexual and reproductive rights. Under international human rights law, states have a positive obligation to act in this regard. While ethical and human rights standards regarding this issue are growing, they do not yet exhaustively cover all the situations in which women's health and human rights are in jeopardy because of the practice. The present article sets forth existing ethical and human rights standards on the issue and illustrates the need for further development and clarity on balancing these rights and interests.
Distributed switch and stay combining with partial relay selection and signal space diversity
Authors: Paruk Zaid , Xu Hongjun 
Published: December 2013

Spatial diversity schemes are often used to extract additional performance from wireless communication systems. Incorporating the partial relay selection (PRS) protocol into a distributed switch‐and‐stay combining (DSSC) cooperative communication network gives the benefit of diversity while simplifying hardware, processing and feedback requirements. Because only a single relay is ever active, the destination employs no combiner; the best relay is chosen based on first‐hop relay conditions. However, achieved performance is worse than other distributed protocols, such as distributed selection combining (DSC). In this study, signal space diversity (SSD) is added to the DSSC–PRS system to provide further diversity and error performance gains, at the expense of necessitating a maximum‐likelihood detector with increased complexity at the receiver. Analytical results are presented in the form of a lower bound based on the minimum distance lower bound for SSD systems and are verified with simulation. The DSSC–PRS–SSD system shows an improvement of 5 dB at a symbol error rate of 10−4 as well as a clear diversity order improvement. Spectral efficiency of the new system with SSD is slightly decreased at low signal‐to‐noise ratios, but is still an improvement over other distributed schemes, such as DSC.
Ecological and Demographic Costs of Releasing Nonmigratory Juvenile Hatchery Steelhead in the Methow River, Washington
Authors: Snow Charles G. , Murdoch Andrew R. , Kahler Thomas H. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
We classified juvenile hatchery summer steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss released from Wells Hatchery, Washington, from three brood years (2002–2004) as those that migrated volitionally (VM) from rearing ponds or as those that were forced out of rearing ponds after volitional migration concluded (NM). Fish were implanted with PIT tags prior to release and we used recreational angling equipment to recapture tagged fish to estimate the relative contribution rates of VM and NM release groups to the stream-resident population of juvenile hatchery summer steelhead in the Twisp River. We also evaluated the survival for each group from release to McNary Dam, and from release to adult return (SAR) at Bonneville and Wells dams on the Columbia River. Overall, we estimated that 82% of stream-resident hatchery juvenile summer steelhead originated from releases of NM fish. The probability of survival from release to McNary Dam was significantly greater for VM groups (mean, 0.4817; SE, 0.023) than for NM groups (mean, 0.2182; SE, 0.021) within each year. The mean SAR to Bonneville and Wells dams was 1.54% and 1.26%, respectively, for VM fish and 0.37% and 0.32%, respectively, for NM fish; the differences were significant between groups within each year. As an index of release strategy performance, VM releases resulted in one stream-resident fish recaptured for every 7.8 adults returned, while NM releases produced one stream-resident fish recaptured for every 0.48 adults returned. These results suggest that managers employ a volitional release strategy to significantly reduce the abundance of stream-resident juvenile hatchery steelhead by not releasing NM fish into waters inhabited by anadromous fishes, thereby reducing negative ecological interactions between hatchery residual steelhead and wild salmonids at little cost to adult returns.
Received February 25, 2013; accepted July 8, 2013
Comparison of Electrofishing Techniques to Detect Larval Lampreys in Wadeable Streams in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Dunham Jason B. , Chelgren Nathan D. , Heck Michael P. , Clark Steven M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
We evaluated the probability of detecting larval lampreys using different methods of backpack electrofishing in wadeable streams in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Our primary objective was to compare capture of lampreys using electrofishing with standard settings for salmon and trout to settings specifically adapted for capture of lampreys. Field work consisted of removal sampling by means of backpack electrofishing in 19 sites in streams representing a broad range of conditions in the region. Captures of lampreys at these sites were analyzed with a modified removal-sampling model and Bayesian estimation to measure the relative odds of capture using the lamprey-specific settings compared with the standard salmonid settings. We found that the odds of capture were 2.66 (95% credible interval, 0.87–78.18) times greater for the lamprey-specific settings relative to standard salmonid settings. When estimates of capture probability were applied to estimating the probabilities of detection, we found high (&gt;0.80) detectability when the actual number of lampreys in a site was greater than 10 individuals and effort was at least two passes of electrofishing, regardless of the settings used. Further work is needed to evaluate key assumptions in our approach, including the evaluation of individual-specific capture probabilities and population closure. For now our results suggest comparable results are possible for detection of lampreys by using backpack electrofishing with salmonid- or lamprey-specific settings.
Received December 28, 2012; accepted July 10, 2013
Predictive Models for Differentiating Habitat Use of Coastal Cutthroat Trout and Steelhead at the Reach and Landscape Scale
Authors: Ptolemy Ronald A. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and Coastal Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii are closely related species that are difficult to differentiate as juveniles and are commonly sympatric at the watershed scale. If Cutthroat Trout spawning and early rearing occur in small streams, it is often difficult to assess which parts of a stream network are dominated by each species. In this study I used catch data from 649 sites in coastal British Columbia to develop quantitative models of species presence and relative dominance as a function of stream size. An independent data set of 561 streams from the USA was used for the cross validation of models developed with data from British Columbia. The relative dominance of Cutthroat Trout or steelhead was predicted using logistic regression with stream and channel width, stream order, watershed area, unit runoff, ecoregion placement, and long-term mean annual discharge (LT mad) as predictor variables. The LT mad was the best predictor of Cutthroat Trout and steelhead dominance, with a correct classification rate of 98% for the entire species range. Costal Cutthroat Trout dominated in reaches or streams where LT mad was ≤630 L/s, and steelhead dominated in reaches where LT mad was &gt;1,000 L/s. The models have practical application for predicting stream-bearing length and area used primarily by each species at the landscape scale of productive capacity relative to habitat threats.
Received June 18, 2012; accepted July 17, 2013
Tributary Spawning by Endangered Colorado River Basin Fishes in the White River
Authors: Webber P. Aaron , Bestgen Kevin R. , Haines G. Bruce 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The Green River system in the upper Colorado River basin supports populations of endangered Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus and Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius. Documented spawning areas for these species are few and occur mainly in the Green River main stem and the lower reach of the tributary Yampa River. Herein, we report spawning by both species in an additional Green River tributary, the White River. We documented Razorback Sucker and Colorado Pikeminnow larvae and early juveniles in a 20-km reach of the lower White River, Utah, in 2011. Movement of hatchery-produced Razorback Sucker adults into the White River and subsequent reproduction suggests that these fish use the system to complete important life history processes. Presence of spawning areas for two endangered fishes in the White River emphasizes the important role of tributaries for providing spawning and rearing habitat for native and endangered fishes.
Received April 2, 2013; accepted July 18, 2013
Spawning Success of Bull Trout Transported above Main-Stem Clark Fork River Dams in Idaho and Montana
Authors: DeHaan Patrick W. , Bernall Shana R. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Three main-stem dams have fragmented the Clark Fork River in Montana and Idaho for nearly 100 years. Since 2001, Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus collected below the farthest downstream dam, Cabinet Gorge Dam, have been manually transported upstream so that they can return to natal spawning tributaries and contribute gametes to numerically depressed populations upstream from the dams. Although redd counts and radio telemetry data suggest that these adults attempted to spawn after upstream transport, spawning success has not been documented or quantified. We used genetic parentage assignments to determine whether adult Bull Trout were successfully spawning after being transported upstream. Parentage data were also used to examine reproductive success and spawning behavior of fish transported upstream (transports) as well as Bull Trout that spawned in the same tributaries but were not transported upstream (nontransports). We genotyped 1,362 juvenile Bull Trout collected in two Clark Fork River tributaries, East Fork Bull River and Graves Creek, from 2008 to 2010 as well as 184 adult Bull Trout collected below Cabinet Gorge Dam and in Clark Fork River tributaries from 2004 to 2010. Parentage data indicated that Bull Trout collected below Cabinet Gorge Dam did spawn after upstream transport; nearly 27% of the juveniles sampled in this study had at least one upstream transport parent. Reproductive success varied widely among the adults we assigned as parents. We observed a variety of spawning patterns including adults that spawned only once, annual repeat spawners, and alternate-year spawners. Our data provide evidence that the upstream transport program is meeting its goal of increasing the number of spawning adults in Bull Trout populations upstream from Clark Fork River dams and highlights the fact that nontransported fish also make an important contribution to the local tributary populations.
Received January 29, 2013; accepted August 28, 2013
Increased Piscivory by Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron
Authors: Pothoven Steven A. , Madenjian Charles P. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
We evaluated the diet of Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Lake Huron during 2002–2011 to determine the importance of Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus and other fish as prey items. Lake Whitefish that had reached approximately 400 mm in length incorporated fish into their diets. The overall percentage of adult Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron that had eaten fish increased from 10% in 2002–2006 to 20% in 2007–2011, with a corresponding decrease in the frequency of Lake Whitefish that ate Dreissena spp. from 52% to 33%. During 2002–2006, Round Goby (wet mass, 38%), sculpins (Cottidae) (34%), and Ninespine Stickleback Pungitius pungitius (18%) were the primary fish eaten, whereas Round Goby accounted for 92% of the fish eaten in 2007–2011. Overall, Round Goby were found in the fewest Lake Whitefish stomachs in the north region of Lake Huron (6%) and in the most in the central (23%) and south (19%) regions of the lake. In the central region, Round Goby were eaten during all seasons that were sampled (spring through fall). In the south region, Round Goby were eaten only in the winter and spring but not in the summer when Dreissena spp. and spiny water flea Bythotrephes longimanus dominated the diet. Based on the 2007–2011 diet composition, an individual Lake Whitefish would need to have increased their consumption relative to that in 1983–1994 by 6% in the north region, 12% in the central region, and 41% in the southern region in order to achieve the same growth that was observed before dreissenid mussels arrived. However, Lake Whitefish weight adjusted for length only increased by 2% between 2002–2006 and 2007–2011 in the central region, decreased by 4% in the northern region, and remained constant in the southern region. This suggests that a shift toward more frequent piscivory does not necessarily improve the condition of a generalist feeder like Lake Whitefish.
Received June 14, 2013; accepted August 28, 2013
Direct formation of millisecond pulsars from rotationally delayed accretion-induced collapse of massive white dwarfs
Authors: Freire Paulo C. C. , Tauris Thomas M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are believed to be old neutron stars, formed via Type Ib/c core-collapse supernovae, which have subsequently been spun up to high rotation rates via accretion from a companion star in a highly circularized low-mass X-ray binary. The recent discoveries of Galactic field binary MSPs in eccentric orbits, and mass functions compatible with that expected for helium white dwarf companions, PSR J2234+06 and PSR J1946+3417, therefore challenge this picture. Here, we present a hypothesis for producing this new class of systems, where the MSPs are formed directly from a rotationally delayed accretion-induced collapse of a super-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf. We compute the orbital properties of the MSPs formed in such events and demonstrate that our hypothesis can reproduce the observed eccentricities, masses and orbital periods of the white dwarfs, as well as forecasting the pulsar masses and velocities. Finally, we compare this hypothesis to a triple-star scenario.
Teamwork: Therapist and Cotherapist in the Nordoff-Robbins Approach to Music Therapy
Authors: Turry Alan , Marcus David 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This article will attempt to give the reader/listener a sense of the experience of teamwork that is central to the Nordoff-Robbins approach. This way of working considers the team holistically, as an integrated unit that is greater than the mere sum of its individual functions, exploring the ways in which a team shares and communicates perception, responds to musical and creative impulses, and realizes clinical intentions. The discussion that follows will emphasize the contribution of the co-therapist to the therapeutic process. It explores the formation and function of the initial Nordoff-Robbins therapy team, and the evolution of team roles and training. Through the presentation of an audio example with commentary giving moment-by-moment insight, the clinical experience of a particular pair of therapists conducting group music therapy will be explicated.
Behavior Change Interventions to Improve the Health of Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations: A Tool Kit of Adaptation Approaches
Authors: DAVIDSON EMMA M. , LIU JING JING , BHOPAL RAJ , WHITE MARTIN , JOHNSON MARK R.D. , NETTO GINA , WABNITZ CECILE , SHEIKH AZIZ 
Published: December 2013

ContextAdapting behavior change interventions to meet the needs of racial and ethnic minority populations has the potential to enhance their effectiveness in the target populations. But because there is little guidance on how best to undertake these adaptations, work in this field has proceeded without any firm foundations. In this article, we present our Tool Kit of Adaptation Approaches as a framework for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers interested in delivering behavior change interventions to ethnically diverse, underserved populations in the United Kingdom.MethodsWe undertook a mixed‐method program of research on interventions for smoking cessation, increasing physical activity, and promoting healthy eating that had been adapted to improve salience and acceptability for African‐, Chinese‐, and South Asian–origin minority populations. This program included a systematic review (reported using PRISMA criteria), qualitative interviews, and a realist synthesis of data.FindingsWe compiled a richly informative data set of 161 publications and twenty‐six interviews detailing the adaptation of behavior change interventions and the contexts in which they were undertaken. On the basis of these data, we developed our Tool Kit of Adaptation Approaches, which contains (1) a forty‐six‐item Typology of Adaptation Approaches; (2) a Pathway to Adaptation, which shows how to use the Typology to create a generic behavior change intervention; and (3) RESET, a decision tool that provides practical guidance on which adaptations to use in different contexts.ConclusionsOur Tool Kit of Adaptation Approaches provides the first evidence‐derived suite of materials to support the development, design, implementation, and reporting of health behavior change interventions for minority groups. The Tool Kit now needs prospective, empirical evaluation in a range of intervention and population settings.
The first transcriptome and genetic linkage map for Asian arowana
Authors: Shen X. Y. , Kwan H. Y. , Thevasagayam N. M. , Prakki S. R. S. , Kuznetsova I. S. , Ngoh S. Y. , Lim Z. , Feng F. , Chang A. , Orbán L. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAsian arowana or dragonfish (Scleropages formosus) is an important fish species due to its unusual breeding biology and high economic value in the ornamental fish markets. In the present study, we aimed to (i) create the first transcriptome by Roche 454 pyrosequencing of Asian arowana brain and gonad samples; (ii) identify differentially expressed genes between the two sexes and develop microsatellite (SSR) markers; and (iii) construct a first‐generation SSR‐based genetic linkage map. A total of over 1.3 million reads were obtained from the brain and gonad of adult Asian arowana individuals through pyrosequencing. These reads were assembled into 16 242 contigs that were further grouped into 13 639 isogroups. BLASTX annotation identified a total of 8316 unique proteins from this data set. Many genes with sexually dimorphic expression levels and some putatively involved in sex development were identified. A total of 316 EST‐SSRs and 356 new genomic‐SSRs were developed by screening through the current transcriptome data set and SSR‐enriched genomic libraries. The first genetic linkage map of the species was constructed based on these markers. Linkage analysis allowed for mapping of 308 markers to 28 linkage groups (LGs), ranging in size from 14.9 to 160.6 cM. The potentially sex‐associated gene sox9 was mapped to LG4 on the consensus linkage map. Pairwise putative conserved syntenies between the Asian arowana, zebrafish, and three‐spined stickleback were also established. These resources will help the conservation of the species through better understanding of its phylogenetics, genomics and biology, and comparative genome analysis within the Osteoglossidae family.
Inefficient sales delays by a durable‐good monopoly facing a finite number of buyers
Authors: Montez João 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article offers a new explanation for unscheduled price cuts and slow adoption of durable goods. We study a standard durable‐good monopoly model with a finite number of buyers and show that this game can have multiple subgame perfect equilibria in addition to the Pacman outcome—including the Coase conjecture. Of particular interest is a class of equilibria where the seller first charges a high price and only lowers that price once some—but not all—high‐valuation buyers purchase. This price structure creates a war of attrition between those buyers, which delays market clearing and rationalizes unscheduled purchase and price cut dates.
Bad news does not always travel fast: evidence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy filings
Authors: Coelho Luís Miguel Serra 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the stock price performances of 275 non‐financial, non‐utility U.S. industrial firms that continue trading on the main exchanges after filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy between 1 October 1979 and 17 October 2005. This paper identifies a negative and statistically significant post‐bankruptcy drift that lasts for at least 6 months. This finding adds to the literature showing that the market is unable to process bad public news events in a timely manner. Further analysis suggests that the theoretical model proposed by Hong and Stein (1999) can be used to help explain this market‐pricing anomaly.