bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrelationship of PTSD, perceived health, and treatment satisfaction
Authors: Astone-Twerell Janetta , Morgen Keith , Hsiao Chu 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The residential therapeutic community (TC) treatment modality has been shown to effectively reduce drug use and improve psychiatric/medical health among clients who are often disproportionately impacted by medical conditions and have a co-occurring psychiatric disorder such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Yet not much is known regarding how clients’ health may impact their treatment satisfaction. Using path analysis, the interrelationship between PTSD, perceived health, and treatment satisfaction was examined. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey including the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Specific (PCL-S), a perceived health rating, and a Treatment Satisfaction Scale was collected from 303 clients at three comparable long-term residential TC treatment programs in New York City.

Findings
– Findings indicated that clients with PTSD rated their health significantly worse than those without PTSD. Although no direct relationship between PTSD and treatment satisfaction was found, there was a significant positive correlation between perceived health and treatment satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications
– Findings likely constitute a regional sample thus generalizability is limited.

Practical implications
– Simultaneously addressing addiction, PTSD, and medical issues can improve clients’ treatment satisfaction, consequently increasing treatment retention and producing greater positive post-treatment outcomes.

Originality/value
– Few if any studies have examined the extent to which PTSD and perceived health impact treatment satisfaction within residential substance abuse treatment programs.
Identifying the emerging human pathogenScedosporium prolificansby using a species‐specific monoclonal antibody that binds to the melanin biosynthetic enzyme tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase
Authors: Thornton Christopher R. , Ryder Lauren S. , Le Cocq Kate , Soanes Darren M. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe dematiaceous (melanized) fungusScedosporium prolificansis an emerging and frequently fatal pathogen of immunocompromised humans and which, along with the closely related fungiPseudallescheria boydii,Scedosporium apiospermumandS. aurantiacumin thePseudallescheria–Scedosporiumcomplex, is a contributing aetiology to tsunami lung and central nervous system infections in near‐drowning victims who have aspirated water laden with spores. At present, the natural habitat of the fungus is largely unknown, and accurate detection methods are needed to identify environmental reservoirs of infectious propagules. In this study, we report the development of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) (CA4) specific toS. prolificans, which does not cross‐react with closely related fungi in thePseudallescheria–Scedosporiumcomplex or with a wide range of mould and yeast species pathogenic to humans. Using genome sequencing of a soil isolate and targeted gene disruption of theCA4 antigen‐encoding gene, we show that mAbCA4 binds to the melanin‐biosynthetic enzyme tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase. Enzyme‐deficient mutants produce orange‐brown or green‐brown spore suspensions compared with the black spore suspension of the wild‐type strain. Using mAbCA4 and a mAb (HG12) specific to the related fungiP. boydii,P. apiosperma,S. apiospermumandS. aurantiacum, we demonstrate how the mAbs can be used in combination with a semiselective isolation procedure to track these opportunistic pathogens in environmental samples containing mixed populations of human pathogenic fungi. Specificity of mAbCA4 was confirmed by sequencing of the internally transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)‐5.8S‐ITS2 rRNA‐encoding regions of fungi isolated from estuarine muds.
Prevalence of obstetric fistula: a population‐based study in rural Pakistan
Authors: Jokhio AH , Rizvi RM , Rizvi J , MacArthur C 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of obstetric fistula, its duration and impact on women's daily life using robust data collection methods in a population‐based sample in rural Pakistan.DesignA population‐based, cross‐sectional study.SettingA rural community in Sindh Province, Pakistan.PopulationRandomly selected women aged 15 years or older.MethodsA multistage random sampling strategy was used to recruit the women. Lady Health Workers interviewed women in their own homes using a structured questionnaire to obtain symptom data. Women with symptoms of incontinence were then examined by female gynaecologists in their local health facilities to confirm obstetric fistula.Main outcome measureObstetric fistula confirmed by gynaecological examination.ResultsAmong the 5064 women interviewed (96% response rate), 20 women with obstetric fistula were identified, showing a prevalence of 0.39% of all women (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.22–0.57%) and 0.45% of parous women (95% CI 0.25–0.65%). Significantly more of the women with obstetric fistula compared with parous women without fistula were primiparae and aged <20 years. Of the women with obstetric fistula, 40% had had this for >5 years and 90% reported a major impact on their lives, yet only four had consulted a doctor, three of whom had failed repairs.ConclusionsThe prevalence of obstetric fistula is high in rural Pakistan. Appropriate provision is needed for fistula repair to reduce the burden of the condition. Alongside this, the improvement of maternity care services is urgently needed to prevent its continued occurrence.
Observational Case Series: An Algorithm Incorporating Multidetector Computed Tomography in the Medicolegal Investigation of Human Remains after a Natural Disaster
Authors: Berran Philip J. , Mazuchowski Edward L. , Marzouk Abubakr , Theodore Harcke H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn algorithm incorporating multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), digital radiographs, and external examination was used to triage cases for noninvasive or complete autopsy after a natural disaster. The algorithm was applied to 27 individuals who died during or soon after the earthquake that struck the Republic of Haiti on January 12, 2010. Of the 27 cases reviewed, 7 (26%) required a complete autopsy to determine cause and manner of death. In the remaining 20 (74%), cause and manner of death were determined with a reasonable degree of medical certainty after review of circumstances, an external examination, and postmortem imaging by MDCT and digital radiography (noninvasive autopsy). MDCT was particularly useful in detecting skeletal fractures caused by blunt force injury which were not evident on digital radiographs. The algorithm incorporating postmortem MDCT can be useful in the triage of human remains for autopsy after a natural disaster.
Acute Aortic Dissection Diagnosed after Embalming: Macroscopic and Microscopic Findings
Authors: Savall Frédéric , Dedouit Fabrice , Piercecchi‐Marti Marie‐Dominique , Leonetti Georges , Rougé Daniel , Telmon Norbert 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA 58‐year‐old man died suddenly in Madagascar and poisoning was suspected. The body was embalmed after death and the general state of preservation was good. We found a major aortic dissection with a large false lumen from the aortic root to the common iliac arteries and a hemopericardium with formalinized blood clot. The intimal tear was on the ascending aorta, and an intramural hemorrhage was noted at the right coronary artery, attesting to a retrograde dissection. Microscopic studies confirmed aortic dissection with extensive intramural hemorrhage and also confirmed the retrograde dissection to the right coronary artery with a reduction of 90% of the true lumen. Classically, aortic dissection occurs in individuals with hypertension and individuals with genetic disorders of collagen formation. The diagnosis is often first established at the postmortem examination. Aortic dissection is therefore dealt with largely in necropsy studies. The usual cause of death is rupture into the pericardial sac. One case of bloodless dissection has been reported but the sudden death was explained by acute myocardial ischemia secondary to dissection of the left coronary artery. In our case, we found major hemopericardium and also intramural hemorrhage at the right coronary artery. We were able to make the diagnosis of aortic dissection and exclude the suspicion of homicide 15 days after death and after embalming.
Comparison of short and long‐term results between sleeve resection and pneumonectomy in lung cancer patients over 70 years old: 10 years experience from a single institution in China
Authors: Pan Xufeng , Tantai Jicheng , Lin Ling , Cao Kejian , Zhao Heng 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the short and long‐term results between sleeve resection (SR) and pneumonectomy (PN) in lung cancer patients over 70 years of age.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 105 lung cancer patients over 70 years of age who had undergone SR or PN at Shanghai Chest Hospital from January 2003 to December 2012.ResultsThe SR group showed a higher frequency of airway clearance via bronchoscopy (48.6% vs. 25.7%, P = 0.04), longer surgical time (162.7 vs. 140.9 minutes, P = 0.01), and shorter postoperative stay (13.7 vs. 18.1 days, P = 0.02) than the PN group. There was no difference in hospital mortality (P = 1.00) or morbidity (P = 0.40) between the two groups. A logistic regression model showed that preoperative predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second was the only independent risk factor for overall morbidity (P = 0.04). In survival analysis, SR showed better prognosis than PN (median 50.0 vs. 20.0 months, P < 0.01). In subgroup analysis, SR showed better survival in N0 (P = 0.03) and N1 (P < 0.01) cases, but not in N2 cases (P = 0.36). It also showed better survival in stage I + II patients (P = 0.03), but not in stage III patients (P = 0.10).ConclusionsAlthough PN could be carried out as safely as SR in patients over 70 years of age with a good pulmonary reservoir, SR is still recommended as a less traumatic procedure, sparing lung parenchyma with better long‐term results.
Burning season does not affect post‐fire regeneration but fire alters the balance of the dominant species in a seeder‐dominated Mediterranean shrubland
Authors: Céspedes Blanca , Torres Iván , Pérez Beatriz , Luna Belén , Moreno José M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractQuestionIn a seeder‐dominated shrubland, does burning season affect post‐fire regeneration? Are herbs and shrubs similarly affected? Is the dominance of the main species modified by burning and its timing?LocationLos Puntales, Sierra Morena (Córdoba, southern Spain).MethodsThe shrubland was 12 yr old, dominated by several species of Cistus, among the main seeders. Four blocks, each containing plots of 25 × 25 m, were burned in late May (early season, ES) and late September (late season, LS) with similar fire intensity. Woody plant density and woody and herbaceous cover and richness were monitored during the first three post‐fire years and compared to pre‐fire using ANOVA and ordination techniques.ResultsBurning season did not affect cover of the herbaceous or woody species in general, nor cover of the main groups (monocots, dicots, annuals and perennials) or density of the main woody species 3 yr after fire. Fire, however, differentially affected the relative abundance of the main shrub species. Ordination analysis showed that, while succession of herbaceous species was on track to convergence with the pre‐fire vegetation, this was not the case for the woody species.ConclusionsBurning season was not a significant factor in altering the post‐fire regeneration in this seeder‐dominated shrubland. Thus, the temporal window for prescribed fires is large, and both seasons could equally be used for management purposes. However, changes in the relative dominance of species due to fire indicate that managers should be alert when this shrubland burns.
Measuring symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder in people with intellectual disabilities: The development and psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale‐Intellectual Disabilities (IES‐IDs)
Authors: Hall James C. , Jobson Laura , Langdon Peter E. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe aims of the study were to (1) revise the Impact of Event Scale–Revised for use with people with intellectual disabilities (IDs), creating the Impact of Event Scale–Intellectual Disabilities (IES‐IDs), (2) assess the reliability of the IES‐IDs, and (3) compare the IES‐IDs to an existing measure trauma‐related symptomatology, namely the Lancaster and Northgate Trauma Scale (LANTS), along with measures of anxiety and depression.MethodsForty adults with IDs who had experienced at least one traumatic event were recruited and completed the IES‐IDs and the LANTS on two occasions, separated by 2 weeks. Participants also completed the Glasgow Depression Scale and the Glasgow Anxiety Scale, along with the Trauma Information Form which was used to collect information about trauma history.ResultsFifteen per cent of the sample had encountered five or more traumatic events. The IES‐IDs and the LANTS had good to excellent internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Both measures correlated with self‐report measures of depression and anxiety, although the strength of this correlation was greater with the LANTS. There was a significant positive correlation between trauma frequency and the IES‐IDs, while trauma frequency did not correlate with the LANTS.ConclusionsBoth the IES‐IDs and the LANTS appear to have good reliability.Practitioner points

There is a lack of well‐developed questionnaires that can be used to assess symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with intellectual disabilities.

The Impact of Event Scale–Revised was augmented creating the Impact of Event Scale‐Intellectual Disabilities (IES‐IDs). The IES‐IDs was shown to have good psychometric properties.

The IES‐IDs was compared to the Lancaster and Northgate Trauma Scale (LANTS), but the LANTS did not correlate with trauma frequency.

However, this study had a small sample size, and a much larger study is needed to examine the factor structure of both the IES‐IDs and the LANTS. Future studies should attempt to recruit people with IDs who have a diagnosis of PTSD.
Impulsivity as a predictor of treatment outcome in substance use disorders: Review and synthesis
Authors: Loree Amy M. , Lundahl Leslie H. , Ledgerwood David M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIssuesImpulsivity is a widely studied personality trait and research construct that has been implicated as a risk factor for substance use, including initiating and continuing use. However, relatively few studies have examined impulsivity as a predictor of treatment outcome. Because impulsivity has been operationalised in many different ways, cross‐comparisons of empirical studies have been difficult.ApproachThe PubMed database was searched in September 2013. Reference lists of papers retrieved from this search were also manually scanned for additional resources. Studies were included if they presented data that assessed impulsivity as a predictor of treatment outcomes.Key FindingsThe body of literature reviewed in this paper suggests that higher pretreatment impulsivity, regardless of how it is measured, usually is associated with poorer treatment outcomes. Recent data indicate that some psychosocial and pharmacological treatments may directly impact impulsivity and thus represent an interesting avenue for further research.ConclusionsImpulsivity appears to be a key predictor of substance use treatment outcomes and warrants more attention in the improvement of treatment outcomes. Suggestions for future research on the role of impulsivity in substance use treatment are provided. [Amy M. Loree AM, Leslie H. Lundahl LH, David M. Ledgerwood DM. Impulsivity as a predictor of treatment outcome in substance use disorders: Review and synthesis. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;34:119–34]
Effects of trichomes on the behavior and distribution of Platyprepia virginalis caterpillars
Authors: Eaton Kathy M. , Karban Richard 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTrichomes are an important physical resistance mechanism of plants, as they reduce insect herbivore movement, feeding, and digestion. However, we know little about how trichomes influence herbivore distributions and populations. We conducted laboratory and field experiments to evaluate the preferences of Platyprepia virginalis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) caterpillars to natural and manipulated densities of trichomes on their primary food, Lupinus arboreus Sims (Fabaceae). We then conducted field surveys to determine whether variation in trichome density among lupine bushes affected caterpillar spatial distribution on the landscape. Platyprepia virginalis caterpillars preferred lupine leaves with fewer trichomes in choice and no‐choice experiments. In the field, caterpillar feeding damage was found more often on leaves with fewer trichomes. These preferences scaled up to the level of bushes in the landscape such that more caterpillars were found on bushes with lower trichome densities than on bushes with higher trichome densities. This is one of few studies to show the potential for trichome density to influence herbivore population size and distribution in a natural system at a landscape level. The results are consistent with trichomes functioning as a resistance mechanism with consequences for herbivore choice, performance, and distribution.
Forest canopy cover determines invertebrate diversity and ecosystem process rates in depositional zones of headwater streams
Authors: de Nadaï‐Monoury Eve , Gilbert Franck , Lecerf Antoine 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Previous studies of the ecological linkages between forest and headwater streams have focussed primarily on patterns and processes in erosional habitats, typically riffles. Depositional zones trap large amounts of sediments and particulate organic matter, suggesting that they may be important for forest–stream linkages.

We studied the invertebrate benthos and two key ecological processes, surface sediment reworking and leaf litter breakdown, in the depositional zones of streams bordered by contrasting riparian vegetation. We compared three stream reaches, draining open canopy forest regenerating after recent clearcut harvesting, with reaches on three different streams bordered by older forests with closed canopies. We also assessed whether, and to what extent, forest canopy cover determined abiotic factors at the reach scale (physicochemistry of stream water) and patch scale (sediment properties).

Depositional zones in both types of stream harboured a taxonomically and functionally diverse invertebrate community, including efficient sediment reworkers and specialised shredders. Higher diversity was found in open canopy than in closed canopy streams, despite similarities in habitat morphology and sediment properties.

Water temperature and sediment reworking rate were higher in open canopy forest than in closed canopy forest. As rates of sediment reworking, adjusted for temperature, did not differ between forest types, temperature was probably a key factor linking the forest canopy to stream depositional zones. The rates of leaf litter breakdown sometimes varied substantially between streams, but no consistent forest effect was detected for this process.

Temperature‐adjusted rates of surface sediment reworking and litter breakdown were positively correlated with the density of invertebrates that rework sediments and shredders, respectively. A relationship between these two ecological processes was found across depositional zones in closed canopy forest, but not in open canopy forest.

This study on depositional zones provides new evidence of the strong linkage between forest and headwater streams. By moderating stream summer temperature, riparian canopy cover has the potential to affect invertebrate metabolic rates and, indirectly, the intensity of surface sediment reworking. However, other factors, such as the quality and diversity of basal trophic resources, may also account for invertebrate diversity pattern across streams and the positive relationship between litter breakdown and sediment reworking in closed canopy forest.
‘The distance between us’: a comparative examination of the technical, spatial and temporal dimensions of the transnational social relationships of highly skilled migrants
Authors: RYAN LOUISE , KLEKOWSKI VON KOPPENFELS AMANDA , MULHOLLAND JON 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this article, through comparing two highly skilled migrant groups in London, we explore how new types of information and communication technologies (ICTs) shape the form and content of transnational practices through time and space. In so doing, we aim to contribute to several debates in the field of migration studies. First, our findings highlight enduring practical constraints emanating from everyday routines and responsibilities, thus questioning the extent to which ICTs may be shrinking the globe and freeing people, even highly skilled ones, from spatial and temporal fixity. Second, we challenge assumptions about the ease of transnationalism by exploring the range and complexity of long‐distance interpersonal relationships and their dynamics over time. Third, by focusing on a comparison of relatively affluent, highly skilled migrants, we question the usefulness of the category of ‘middling migrants’. Our findings illustrate that, within this general and wide ranging category, there are diverse experiences, expectations and opportunities of maintaining contact with friends and family at home.
Consumers' interest in learning about cooking: the influence of age, gender and education
Authors: Worsley Anthony , Wang Wei , Ismail Sinem , Ridley Stacey 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGeneral and governmental interest in cooking has increased recently. In part this may be because the acquisition of food preparation skills may make individuals less dependent on processed foods and reduce risks of overweight and obesity. However, little research has been conducted on consumers' interests in learning about cooking. Therefore in 2012 an online survey was conducted in Australia among 1023 adult food preparers with the aim of determining what and how they wanted to learn to cook. Questions were asked about interest in learning about cooking‐related topics, specific main meals and cooking techniques, preferred ways to learn, and their demographic characteristics. Frequency and cross‐tabulation analyses were used to compare the responses across demographic categories, and content and correspondence analyses were used to analyse meal preferences and age‐related differences. The findings show that 71% of the sample wanted to learn more about cooking. Respondents wanted to learn to cook a wide range of evening meals, especially ethnic dishes (e.g. Chinese, Thai, Italian, ‘Asian’). Most preferred to learn from television (68%), newspapers and magazines (41%), although attendance at cooking classes (34%), YouTube (27%) and special newsletters (24%) were also popular. There were few, weak associations between interest in cooking and the respondents' demographic characteristics. The findings are discussed in relation to the common problems faced by all domestic food preparers and the major opportunities to communicate about cooking.