bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ simulation as a tool for patient safety: a systematic review identifying how it is used and its effectiveness
Authors: Fent Graham , Blythe James , Farooq Omer , Purva Makani 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundIn situ simulation is an emerging technique involving interdisciplinary teams working through simulated scenarios which replicate events encountered in healthcare institutions, particularly those which are either low frequency or associated with high risk to patients. Since it takes place in the clinical environment, it is ideally suited to improving patient safety outcomes.ObjectiveTo identify and appraise all studies assessing contribution of in situ simulation to patient safety, identify gaps in knowledge and areas for future research, as well as suggesting strategies for maximising its impact on patient safety within an institution.Study selectionThree electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE) as well as the Cochrane Library were searched for articles relating to patient safety outcomes in in situ simulation. In addition a subject expert was approached to suggest any additional articles not identified by electronic searches. A total of 1795 abstracts were identified and screened, 35 full articles assessed for eligibility for inclusion and a total of 18 full articles included in the review after unsuitable articles were excluded.ConclusionsIn situ simulation can improve real-life patient safety outcomes, with 2 studies demonstrating improved morbidity and mortality outcomes following initiation of in situ simulation. There is good evidence to suggest that its implementation leads to improved clinical skills, teamwork and observed behaviours. Additionally, it is ideally suited to detecting latent safety errors (errors identified within a scenario which, if they had occurred in real life, could have led to a degree of harm occurring to a patient).
Traditional serrated adenoma (TSA): morphological questions, queries and quandaries
Authors: Chetty Runjan 
Published: November 2015

AimTraditional serrated adenoma (TSA) is an uncommon type of serrated adenoma that can be a precursor to biologically aggressive colorectal cancer that invokes the serrated (accelerated) pathway. The purpose of this review is to address some of the more contentious issues around nomenclature, diagnostic criteria, histological variants, coexistence with other polyp types, the occurrence of dysplasia and the differential diagnosis.ResultsWhile the vast majority of TSAs are exophytic villiform polyps composed of deeply eosinophilic cells, flat top luminal serrations and numerous ectopic crypt foci, histological variants include flat TSA, filiform TSA and one composed of large numbers of mucin-containing cells. It is unlikely that there is any biological difference between the histological variants. There is a contention that TSAs are not dysplastic ab initio and that the majority do not show cytological atypia. Two types of dysplasia are associated with TSA. Serrated dysplasia is less well recognised and less commonly encountered than adenomatous dysplasia. TSA with dysplasia must be separated from TSA with coexisting conventional adenoma.ConclusionsTSA is a characteristic polyp that may be extremely exophytic, flat or composed of mucin-rich cells and is typified by numerous ectopic crypt foci. They may coexist with other serrated polyps and conventional adenomas. Approximately 20–25% will be accompanied by adenomatous dysplasia.
‘Normal’ serum sodium concentration among inpatients over 65 admitted to hospital: an observational study
Authors: McKee Martin , Exall Sarah , Stuckler David , Wolff Anthony 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe usual reference range of serum sodium (typically 135–145 mmol/l) is derived from healthy populations but may not apply to hospital patients.ObjectivesTo describe the range of serum sodium in inpatients and outpatients of both sexes at different ages. To ascertain correlates of serum sodium among older inpatients. To describe the association between sodium and mortality.MethodsWe used routine hospital data on serum sodium in inpatients admitted between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2014 and patients attending outpatient or community clinics with no record of admission to the same hospitals in the same period. We investigated the distribution of sodium values within these groups and explored the relationship between serum sodium and death using logistic regression.ResultsLevels among hospital inpatients were significantly lower than in outpatients of the same age. Emergency admissions had lower levels and those admitted from care homes higher levels, risk of inhospital death began to rise at 140 mmol/L, well within the ‘normal’ range. Patients with a serum sodium concentration of 145 mmol/L on admission have a risk of inhospital death 3.7 times higher than that of a patient with a concentration of 140 mmol/L.ConclusionsThe range for serum sodium concentration on admission in inpatients is broader and lower than the commonly accepted reference range. The risk of mortality increases at sodium concentration &gt;139 mmol/L, well within reference range currently considered normal.
Gender Differences in the Behavioral Symptom Severity of Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Gito Masao , Ihara Hiroshi , Ogata Hiroyuki , Sayama Masayuki , Murakami Nobuyuki , Nagai Toshiro , Ayabe Tadayuki , Oto Yuji , Shimoda Kazutaka 
Published: November 2015

Objectives. This study measured gender differences in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) in regard to the severity of behavioral symptoms.Methods. The Food Related Problem Questionnaire (FRPQ), the Aberrant Behavior Checklist Japanese Version, the Childhood Routines Inventory, the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Society Japan Rating Scale, and Japanese ADHD-RS were administered to PWS patients (45 males aged 6 to 58 and 37 females aged 6 to 45). To examine the effects that gender and genotype have on the severity of each symptom, two-way ANOVAs were conducted.Results. Significant interactions were found only in regard to FRPQ scores, such as FRPQ total score (F(1, 78)= 8.43,p<0.01). The FRPQ of male deletion (DEL) individuals was higher than that of female DEL and male mUPD. The FRPQ of male maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) was lower than that of female mUPD.Conclusions. In terms of problem behaviors, routines, autistic behaviors, and hyperactivity, no significant differences were found. Food-related behaviors in DEL were more severe in males, although those in mUPD were less severe in males.
Molecular Pathways: IDH2 Mutations—Co-opting Cellular Metabolism for Malignant Transformation
Authors: Stein Eytan M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial IDH2, one of the three isoforms of IDH, were discovered in patients with gliomas in 2009 and subsequently described in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, chondrosarcoma, and intrahepatic chloangiocarcinoma. The effects of mutations in IDH2 on cellular metabolism, the epigenetic state of mutated cells, and cellular differentiation have been elucidated in vitro and in vivo. Mutations in IDH2 lead to an enzymatic gain of function that catalyzes the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to beta-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Supranormal levels of 2-HG lead to hypermethylation of epigenetic targets and a subsequent block in cellular differentiation. AG-221, a small-molecule inhibitor of mutant IDH2, is being explored in a phase I clinical trial for the treatment of AML, other myeloid malignancies, solid tumors, and gliomas. Clin Cancer Res; 22(1); 16–19. ©2015 AACR.
Impact of Vestibular Lesions on Allocentric Navigation and Interval Timing: The Role of Self-Initiated Motion in Spatial-Temporal Integration
Authors: Dallal Nancy L. , Yin Bin , Nekovářová Tereza , Stuchlík Aleš , Meck Warren H. 
Published: November 2015

Bilateral intratympanic sodium arsenate injections (100 mg/ml in isotonic saline) in adult male Long Evans rats produced impairments in allocentric navigation using a 12-arm radial maze procedure as well as a motor test battery designed to evaluate vestibular function. In contrast, no impairments in the accuracy or precision of duration reproduction using 20-s and 80-s peak-interval procedures were observed when both target durations were associated with the same lever response, but distinguished by signal modality (e.g., light or sound). In contrast, an ordinal-reproduction procedure with 800, 3200, and 12,800 ms standards requiring the timing of self-initiated movements during the production phase revealed large impairments in the accuracy and precision of timing for vestibular lesioned rats. These impairments were greater on trials in which self-initiated body movements (e.g., holding down the response lever for a fixed duration) were required without the support of external stimuli signaling the onset and offset of the reproduced duration in contrast to trials in which such external support was provided. The conclusion is that space and time are separable entities and not simply the product of a generalized system, but they can be integrated into a common metric using gravity and self-initiated movement as a reference.
Notes on some enigmatic taxa of limnoterrestrial rhabdocoels, with the description of two new species
Authors: HOUBEN ALBRECHT M. , SCHWANK PETER , PROESMANS WILLEM , BERT WIM , ARTOIS TOM J. 
Published: November 2015

Six taxa of limnoterrestrial rhabdocoels are discussed, two of them, both belonging to Typhloplanidae Graff, 1905, are new to science. Adenoplea reisingeri n. sp. can be distinguished from its congeners by the absence of a separate seminal receptacle, the presence of a copulatory bursa and the fact that it has an unarmed copulatory organ. Carcharodopharynx schlitzensis n. sp. can be distinguished from C. arcanus (Reisinger, 1924) Poche, 1926, the only other species within the genus, by the fact that the cirrus bears spines. For four other taxa: Adenoplea perigraptopera Reisinger, 1924, A. meridionalis Kolasa, 1981, C. arcanus (Reisinger, 1924) Poche, 1926 and Archivortex silvestris Reisinger, 1924, new data on morphology and distribution are provided. Neotypes are designated for A. perigraptopera and C. arcanus.
Early Cellular Response to Radiation in Human Vocal Fold Fibroblasts
Authors: Erickson-DiRenzo Elizabeth , Enos Gabrielle , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives: Radiation therapy is a common treatment strategy for laryngeal carcinoma. However, radiation is not without adverse side effects, especially toward healthy vocal fold tissue, which can lead to long-term impairments in vocal function. The objective of this preliminary study was to investigate early responses of healthy human vocal fold fibroblasts (VFF) to radiation. Methods: VFF were exposed to a single or fractionated dose radiation scheme. Nonradiated VFF served as controls. Morphology of radiated and control VFF was subjectively examined. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the effect of radiation on extracellular matrix and inflammatory-related genes. VFF viability was investigated using a LIVE/DEAD and clonogenic assay. Results: Single or fractioned dose radiated VFF were morphologically indistinguishable from control VFF. No significant differences in gene expression were observed following either radiation scheme and as compared to controls. Clonogenic assay revealed reduced VFF viability following the fractionated but not single dose scheme. No changes in viability were detected using the LIVE/DEAD assay. Conclusions: We present one of the first investigations to evaluate early responses of healthy VFF to radiation. Findings will contribute to a growing body of literature seeking to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying voice changes following radiation therapy for laryngeal carcinoma.
Outcomes of Laryngeal Reinnervation for Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis in Children
Authors: Smith Marshall E. , Houtz Daniel R. 
Published: November 2015

Objective: Outcomes of laryngeal reinnervation with ansa-cervicalis for unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) may be influenced by age of the patient and time interval between laryngeal nerve injury and reinnervation, suggesting less favorable outcomes in older patients and greater than 2-year time interval after injury. This study examines these issues in the pediatric population. Method: Review of prospectively collected data set of 35 children and adolescents (1-21 years) that underwent ansa-recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) laryngeal reinnervation for UVFP. Results: The time from RLN injury to reinnervation averaged 5.0 years (range, 0.8-15.2 years). No correlation was found between age at reinnervation ( r = 0.15) and patient- or parent-reported global percentage voice outcome or perceptual ratings. There was slight negative correlation in duration between RLN injury and reinnervation and voice outcomes ( r = −0.31). Postoperative voice self/surrogate global percentage rating average was 80.5% (range, 50%-100%), and perceptual rating GRBAS sum score average was 2.9 (range, 0-7). Conclusion: In pediatric ansa-RLN reinnervation for UVFP, no correlation between age at surgery and postoperative outcome was found. Denervation duration showed slight negative correlation, similar to what has been reported in adults, though voice improvement was seen in all patients.
Synthesis and characterization of an in situ forming hydrogel using tyramine conjugated high methoxyl gum tragacanth
Authors: Tavakol Moslem , Vasheghani-Farahani Ebrahim , Mohammadifar Mohammad Amin , Soleimani Masoud , Hashemi-Najafabadi Sameereh 
Published: November 2015

In this study, an enzyme catalyzed in situ forming hydrogel based on tyramine conjugated high methoxyl content gum tragacanth (TA-HMGT) was prepared and characterized. TA-HMGT was synthesized via heterogeneous ammonolysis of methyl ester groups of HMGT. Then, the hydrogel was prepared via horseradish peroxidase catalyzed coupling reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogel properties, such as gelation time, swelling/degradation behavior and rheological properties could be adjusted by tuning the gelation parameters and extent of tyramine conjugation. This system was a soft elastic hydrogel with appropriate biocompatibility. The fast gelation of the hydrogel is desirable for clinical applications. Also, in vitro bovine serum albumin release from the synthesized hydrogel showed good release profile with limited burst release.
A study of cytocompatibility and degradation of iron-based biodegradable materials
Authors: Oriňaková Renáta , Oriňak Andrej , Giretová Mária , Medvecký L'ubomír , Kupková Miriam , Hrubovčáková Monika , Maskal'ová Iveta , Macko Ján , Kal'avský František 
Published: November 2015

Biodegradable metallic implants are of significant importance in the replacement of bones or the repair of bone defects. Iron-phosphate-coated carbonyl iron powder (Fe/P) was prepared by the phosphating method. Moreover, Fe/P–Mn alloy was produced by sintering the Fe/P powder mixed with manganese powder. Bare carbonyl iron samples and the Fe/P and Fe/P–Mn sintered samples were evaluated for their microstructure, cytotoxicity, and hemocompatibility. The microstructure of the sintered samples was examined using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopic analysis. Corrosion behavior was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization in Hank’s solution. The in vitro biocompatibilities were investigated by cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests. The results obtained demonstrate that the addition of Mn resulted in higher surface inhomogeneity, porosity and roughness as well as in increased cytotoxicity. The phosphate coating has a moderately negative effect on the cytotoxicity. The corrosion rates determined from Tafel diagrams were ordered in the following sequence: Fe/P–Mn, Fe, Fe/P from high to low. The hemocompatibility of experimental samples was ordered in the following sequence: Fe/P, Fe/P–Mn, Fe from high to low. All samples were found to be hemocompatible.
Telemedicine in the acute health setting: A disruptive innovation for specialists (an example from stroke)
Authors: Bagot Kathleen L , Cadilhac Dominique A , Vu Michelle , Moss Karen , Bladin Christopher F ,   on behalf of the VST collaborators
Published: November 2015

Introduction Telemedicine is a disruptive innovation within health care settings as consultations take place via audio-visual technology rather than traditional face-to-face. Specialist perceptions and experiences of providing audio-visual consultations in emergency situations, however, are not well understood. The aim of this exploratory study was to describe the experience of medical specialists providing acute stroke decision-making support via telemedicine. Methods Data from the Victorian Stroke Telemedicine (VST) programme were used. The experiences of specialists providing an acute clinical telemedicine service to rural emergency departments were explored, drawing on disruptive innovation theory. Document analysis of programme consultation records, meeting minutes and in-depth individual interviews with three neurologists were analysed using triangulation. Results Since February 2014, 269 stroke telemedicine consultations with 12 neurologists have occurred. Retention on the roster has varied between 1 and >4 years. Overall, neurologists reported benefits of participation, as they were addressing health equity gaps for rural patients. Negative effects were the unpredictability of consultations impacting on their personal life, the mixed level of experience of colleagues initiating the consult and not knowing patient outcomes since follow-up communication was not routine. Conclusions Insights into workforce experience and satisfaction were identified to inform strategies to support specialists to adapt to the disruptive innovation of telemedicine.
Exploring the Potential for a Consolidated Standard for Reporting Guidelines for Qualitative Research
Authors: Hannes Karin , Heyvaert Mieke , Slegers Karin , Vandenbrande Stef , Van Nuland Marc 
Published: November 2015

Background: Consolidating a standard for reporting qualitative research remains a challenging endeavor, given the variety of different paradigms that steer qualitative research as well as the broad range of designs, and techniques for data collection and analysis that one could opt for when conducting qualitative research. Method: A total of 18 experts in qualitative research participated in an argument Delphi approach to explore the arguments that would plead for or against the development and use of reporting guidelines (RGs) for qualitative research and to generate opinions on what may need to be considered in the further development or further refinement of RGs for qualitative research. Findings: The potential to increase quality and accountability of qualitative research was identified as one of the core benefits of RGs for different target groups, including students. Experts in our pilot study seem to resist a fixed, extensive list of criteria. They emphasize the importance of flexibility in developing and applying such criteria. Clear-cut RGs may restrict the publication of reports on unusual, innovative, or emerging research approaches. Conclusions: RGs should not be used as a substitute for proper training in qualitative research methods and should not be applied rigidly. Experts feel more comfortable with RGs that allow for an adaptation of criteria, to create a better fit for purpose. The variety in viewpoints between experts for the majority of the topics will most likely complicate future consolidation processes. Design specific RGs should be considered to allow developers to stay true to their own epistemological principles and those of their potential users.
High-density lipoprotein modulates thrombosis by preventing von Willebrand factor self-association and subsequent platelet adhesion
Authors: Chung Dominic W. , Chen Junmei , Ling Minhua , Fu Xiaoyun , Blevins Teri , Parsons Scott , Le Jennie , Harris Jeff , Martin Thomas R. , Konkle Barbara A. , Zheng Ying , López José A. 
Published: November 2015

Key Points
High-density lipoprotein and its major apolipoprotein ApoA-I prevent von Willebrand factor self-association. Targeting von Willebrand factor self-association could be a new approach to treating thrombotic disorders.
Diversity and evolution of ABC proteins in mycorrhiza-forming fungi
Authors: Kovalchuk Andriy , Kohler Annegret , Martin Francis , Asiegbu Fred O. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundTransporter proteins are predicted to have an important role in the mycorrhizal symbiosis, due to the fact that this type of an interaction between plants and fungi requires a continuous nutrient and signalling exchange. ABC transporters are one of the large groups of transporter proteins found both in plants and in fungi. The crucial role of plant ABC transporters in the formation of the mycorrhizal symbiosis has been demonstrated recently. Some of the fungal ABC transporter-encoding genes are also induced during the mycorrhiza formation. However, no experimental evidences of the direct involvement of fungal ABC transporters in this process are available so far. To facilitate the identification of fungal ABC proteins with a potential role in the establishment of the mycorrhizal symbiosis, we have performed an inventory of the ABC protein-encoding genes in the genomes of 25 species of mycorrhiza-forming fungi.ResultsWe have identified, manually annotated and curated more than 1300 gene models of putative ABC protein-encoding genes. Out of those, more than 1000 models are predicted to encode functional proteins, whereas about 300 models represent gene fragments or putative pseudogenes. We have also performed the phylogenetic analysis of the identified sequences. The sets of ABC proteins in the mycorrhiza-forming species were compared to the related saprotrophic or plant-pathogenic fungal species. Our results demonstrate the high diversity of ABC genes in the genomes of mycorrhiza-forming fungi. Via comparison of transcriptomics data from different species, we have identified candidate groups of ABC transporters that might have a role in the process of the mycorrhiza formation.ConclusionsResults of our inventory will facilitate the identification of fungal transporters with a role in the mycorrhiza formation. We also provide the first data on ABC protein-coding genes for the phylum Glomeromycota and for orders Pezizales, Atheliales, Cantharellales and Sebacinales, contributing to the better knowledge of the diversity of this protein family within the fungal kingdom.