bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Legendre Wavelet Galerkin Approch to Inward Solidification in Simple Body Under Most Generalized Boundary Condition
Authors: Yadav Sarita , Kumar Dinesh , Nath Rai Kabindra 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This paper deals with a mathematical model describing the inward solidification of a melt of phase change material within a container of different geometrical configuration like slab, circular cylinder or sphere under the most generalized boundary conditions. The thermal and physical properties of melt and solid are assumed to be identical. To solve this mathematical model, the finite difference scheme is used to convert the problem into an initial value problem of vector matrix form and further, solving it using the Legendre wavelet Galerkin method. The results thus obtained are analyzed by considering particular cases when one might impose either a constant=time varying temperature or a constant=time varying heat flux or a constant heat transfer coefficient on the surface. The whole analysis is presented in dimensionless form. The effect of variability of shape factor, condition posed at the boundary, Stefan number, Predvoditelev number, Kirpichev number, and Biot number on dimensionless temperature and solid-layer thickness are shown graphically. Furthermore, a comparative study of time for complete solidification is presented.
Information versus persuasion : la controverse autour de l’impact de la publicité sur les préférences des consommateurs
Authors: Lanotte Hervé , Rossi David 
Published: October 2014

La publicité reste un sujet majeur de discussion en économie, notamment du fait de son influence sur le comportement du consommateur et de son incidence sur la fonction de demande. Alors qu’une partie des économistes envisage la publicité sous un angle informatif, d’autres insistent davantage sur sa dimension persuasive. Cette opposition originelle fonde l’approche économique de la publicité sur un clivage dialectique fécond mais elle induit un biais normatif en matière de régulation. Cette dialectisation originelle du débat théorique illustre la difficulté des économistes à comprendre : 1) la relation entre la publicité et l’évolution des préférences des consommateurs; 2) la fonction qui lui est reliée. Nous nous proposons d’analyser ce diptyque fondateur en questionnant sa portée et ses limites.
Selective Exposure to Berita Harian Online and Utusan Malaysia Online: The Roles of Surveillance Motivation, Website Usability and Website Attractiveness
Authors: Zulkafli Nur Azimah , Omar Bahiyah , Hashim Nor Hazlina 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNews media allows audiences to be selective in determining both their news sources and type of news stories they read. This study examined factors influencing selective exposure to the online editions of two mainstream Malaysian newspapers,Berita HarianandUtusan Malaysia. Using selective exposure theory as the theoretical lens, this study compared both newspapers in terms of their audiences’ level of surveillance motivation, and how audiences rate the newspapers’ websites with respect to usability and attractiveness. This study used a within-subject experimental research design that exposed 51 subjects to bothBerita HarianandUtusan Malaysiaonline newspapers. The results of the experiment indicate that Berita Harian and Utusan Malaysia online were significantly different in terms of website usability; however, no significant differences were found in terms of surveillance motivation or website attractiveness between the two newspapers. Further analysis indicate that the only significant predictor of selective exposure was website usability. This study highlights the importance of website usability for online newspapers wanting to harness audience selectivity.
Aerosol direct radiative effect of smoke over clouds over the southeast Atlantic Ocean from 2006 to 2009
Authors: de Graaf M. , Bellouin N. , Tilstra L. G. , Haywood J. , Stammes P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE) of African smoke was analyzed in cloud scenes over the southeast Atlantic Ocean, using Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) satellite observations and Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2 (HadGEM2) climate model simulations. The observed mean DRE was about 30–35 W m−2 in August and September 2006–2009. In some years, short episodes of high‐aerosol DRE can be observed, due to high‐aerosol loadings, while in other years the loadings are lower but more prolonged. Climate models that use evenly distributed monthly averaged emission fields will not reproduce these high‐aerosol loadings. Furthermore, the simulated monthly mean aerosol DRE in HadGEM2 is only about 6 W m−2 in August. The difference with SCIAMACHY mean observations can be partly explained by an underestimation of the aerosol absorption Ångström exponent in the ultraviolet. However, the subsequent increase of aerosol DRE simulation by about 20% is not enough to explain the observed discrepancy between simulations and observations.
Climate controls how ecosystems size the root zone storage capacity at catchment scale
Authors: Gao H. , Hrachowitz M. , Schymanski S. J. , Fenicia F. , Sriwongsitanon N. , Savenije H. H. G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe root zone moisture storage capacity (SR) of terrestrial ecosystems is a buffer providing vegetation continuous access to water and a critical factor controlling land‐atmospheric moisture exchange, hydrological response, and biogeochemical processes. However, it is impossible to observe directly at catchment scale. Here, using data from 300 diverse catchments, it was tested that, treating the root zone as a reservoir, the mass curve technique (MCT), an engineering method for reservoir design, can be used to estimate catchment‐scale SR from effective rainfall and plant transpiration. Supporting the initial hypothesis, it was found that MCT‐derived SR coincided with model‐derived estimates. These estimates of parameter SR can be used to constrain hydrological, climate, and land surface models. Further, the study provides evidence that ecosystems dynamically design their root systems to bridge droughts with return periods of 10–40 years, controlled by climate and linked to aridity index, inter‐storm duration, seasonality, and runoff ratio.
Trends in sulfate and organic aerosol mass in the Southeast U.S.: Impact on aerosol optical depth and radiative forcing
Authors: Attwood A. R. , Washenfelder R. A. , Brock C. A. , Hu W. , Baumann K. , Campuzano‐Jost P. , Day D. A. , Edgerton E. S. , Murphy D. M. , Palm B. B. , McComiskey A. , Wagner N. L. , de Sá S. S. , Ortega A. , Martin S. T. , Jimenez J. L. , Brown S. S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEmissions of SO2 in the United States have declined since the early 1990s, resulting in a decrease in aerosol sulfate mass in the Southeastern U.S. of −4.5(±0.9)% yr−1 between 1992 and 2013. Organic aerosol mass, the other major aerosol component in the Southeastern U.S., has decreased more slowly despite concurrent emission reductions in anthropogenic precursors. Summertime measurements in rural Alabama quantify the change in aerosol light extinction as a function of aerosol composition and relative humidity. Application of this relationship to composition data from 2001 to 2013 shows that a −1.1(±0.7)% yr−1 decrease in extinction can be attributed to decreasing aerosol water mass caused by the change in aerosol sulfate/organic ratio. Calculated reductions in extinction agree with regional trends in ground‐based and satellite‐derived aerosol optical depth. The diurnally averaged summertime surface radiative effect has changed by 8.0 W m−2, with 19% attributed to the decrease in aerosol water.
Swept away by a turbidity current in Mendocino submarine canyon, California
Authors: Sumner E. J. , Paull C. K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe present unique observations and measurements of a dilute turbidity current made with a remotely operated vehicle in 400 m water depth near the head of Mendocino Canyon, California. The flow had a two‐layer structure with a thin (0.5 to 30 m), relatively dense (<0.04 vol %) and fast (up to ~1.7 m/s) wedge‐shaped lower layer overlain by a thicker (up to 89 m) more dilute and slower current. The fast moving lower layer lagged the slow moving, dilute flow front by 14 min, which we infer resulted from the interaction of two initial pulses. The two layers were strongly coupled, and the sharp interface between the layers was characterized by a wave‐like instability. This is the first field‐scale data from a turbidity current to show (i) the complex dynamics of the head of a turbidity current and (ii) the presence of multiple layers within the same event.
ESA's satellite‐only gravity field model via the direct approach based on all GOCE data
Authors: Bruinsma Sean L. , Förste Christoph , Abrikosov Oleg , Lemoine Jean‐Michel , Marty Jean‐Charles , Mulet Sandrine , Rio Marie‐Helene , Bonvalot Sylvain 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGravity field and steady state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) gravity gradient data of the entire science mission and data from LAGEOS 1/2 and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) were combined in the construction of a satellite‐only gravity field model to maximum degree 300. When compared to Earth Gravitational Model 2008, it is more accurate at low to medium resolution, thanks to GOCE and GRACE data. When compared to earlier releases of European Space Agency GOCE models, it is more accurate at high degrees owing to the larger amount of data ingested, which was moreover taken at lower altitude. The impact of orbiting at lower altitude in the last year of the mission is large: a model based on data of the last 14 months is significantly more accurate than the release 4 model constructed with the first 28 months. The (calibrated) cumulated geoid error estimate at 100 km resolution is 1.7 cm. The optimal resolution of the GOCE model for oceanographic application is between 100 and 125 km.
Study of the temporal correlations in the magnitude time series before major earthquakes in Japan
Authors: Varotsos Panayiotis A. , Sarlis Nicholas V. , Skordas Efthimios S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA characteristic change of seismicity has been recently uncovered when the precursory Seismic Electric Signals activities initiate before an earthquake occurrence. In particular, the fluctuations of the order parameter of seismicity exhibit a simultaneous distinct minimum upon analyzing the seismic catalog in a new time domain termed natural time and employing a sliding natural time window comprising a number of events that would occur in a few months. Here we focus on the minima preceding all earthquakes of magnitude 8 (and 9) class that occurred in Japanese area from 1 January 1984 to 11 March 2011 (the day of the M9 Tohoku earthquake). By applying Detrended Fluctuation Analysis to the earthquake magnitude time series, we find that each of these minima is preceded as well as followed by characteristic changes of temporal correlations between earthquake magnitudes. In particular, we identify the following three main features. The minima are observed during periods when long‐range correlations have been developed, but they are preceded by a stage in which an evident anticorrelated behavior appears. After the minima, the long‐range correlations breakdown to an almost random behavior possibly turning to anticorrelation. The minima that precede M≥7.8 earthquakes are distinguished from other minima which are either nonprecursory or followed by smaller earthquakes. Furthermore, it is discussed whether Tsallis statistical mechanics, in the frame of which it has been suggested that kappa distributions arise, can capture the effects of temporal correlations between earthquake magnitudes.
Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Mukherjee Joydeep 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEnvironmental microbiology and biotechnology are crucial in the modern society. They influence human health, environment and serve as a source of energy and provider of novel bioproducts. The key areas of interest are bioremediation, microbial communities, pathogen detection, wastewater treatment, energy generation, bioprocesses, and natural product discovery. Environmental microbiology must interact with hydrology, biogeochemistry, limnology, oceanography and numerical modeling. This subject will continue to engage future generations of scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs and policy makers.
Changing cancer care in the 1990s and the cost
Authors: Yarbro John W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractProgress in cancer research in the 1980s has led to predictions of a technologic explosion in the 1990s. Yet, with this progress there has been a groundswell of protest at the rapidly escalating costs of health care. More than $600 billion was spent on health care in 1989 and estimates of $1.5 trillion are made for the year 2000. Repeated attempts at cost containment have failed. It has been suggested that only by retarding technologic advances will we be able to control costs. Many observers believe that rationing of health care is the only solution, but new technology not only improves cancer care, it often decreases cost. It is not rational to retard advances that may later reduce costs, nor is it humane to retard advances that improve care, even if they cost more. In identifying priorities we should begin with the principle that treatments be restricted to clinical trials unless they have been demonstrated to prolong survival or improve the quality of life. If the payers reimburse procedures in an investigative setting, they will be on firm ground when they deny support for those same procedures outside an investigative setting. This is both an ethical and a fiscally responsible position for the third parties to take. It will not be easy for the profession or for the payers to deal with these problems. Public education and patient education will be key elements of any solution. Shifting the blame from politician to payer to professional will only make the problems worse.
Continuity of cancer care
Authors: Lauria Marie M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe importance of providing continuity in the care of all patients with major medical problems, such as cancer, has widespread acceptance in our current health care system. From the perspective of an oncology social work clinician, this article offers a definition of the concept of continuity of care, examines factors influencing its provision in oncology, and reviews key components in continuity of cancer care planning and implementation. It also examines some innovative efforts in practice to improve continuity.
Patient perceptions
Authors: Seffrin John R. , Wilson John L. , Black Bruce L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe cancer patient's perceptions about treatment, prognosis, and long‐term care have emerged in the context of interaction with the changing healthcare system. A brief overview of cancer patients' perceptions regarding their disease and subsequent care is provided. The economic, organizational, and technological environment in which this care is provided and the patient's perceptions of that environment are discussed. In addition to economic pressures, the ever‐increasing number of cancer patients, prolonged survival, and patients' perceptions have created changes in the healthcare system. These changes are mediated by important socioeconomic, cultural, and demographic characteristics of the cancer patient.Recommendations to address these changes are discussed.
Observers for 2‐D systems with unknown disturbance
Authors: Shimonishi Jiro , Hinamoto Takao , Maekawa Sadao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of designing an observer for the Roesser state‐space model with unknown disturbance. After showing the minimal order for the existence of an observer, a necessary and sufficient condition for a minimal‐order potential observer to decouple unknown disturbance is given. Furthermore, a sufficient condition for a minimal‐order potential observer to be stabilizable is examined. Finally, an algorithm is presented for designing a disturbance decoupled observer. This algorithm is applicable to 2‐D systems without unknown disturbance as the special case.
Block demodulation for short radio packet
Authors: Namiki Junji 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe demodulation of phase‐modulated signals is performed primarily by synchronous detection which has excellent characteristics. Thus, to regenerate a reference carrier wave that is identical with the transmitted one, a pure carrier should be received for a fixed time as a preamble before the data. Therefore, in digital radio terminals which are expected to appear, if a single extremely short information data burst has to be transmitted, it would possibly require the addition of a long preamble. If the relative carrier frequency offset is large in a low‐speed transmission system, then a longer preamble is necessary.This paper proposes a demodulation system for phase‐modulated signals which allows a shorter preamble or eliminates the need for it completely. The proposed system is based on the recent rapid progress in the speed, capability, and price of the microprocessors which obviates immediate demodulation, but makes it practical to store a data sequence of a fixed length without any demodulation. In addition, it is possible to realize the demodulation with batch processing by a block demodulation system. In such a system the complete transmitted burst signal containing no preamble can be demodulated with the optimum carrier phase. If this system is used merely as a frequency offset detector, it can complete the detection more than 5 times faster than a phase‐locked system under the same noise conditions.
1 ∼ 10 GHz microwave applicators for medical applications
Authors: Miyakawa Michio 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAttempts have been made to measure the brightness temperature of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the human body in response to its temperature via a radiometer with multiple observation frequencies (radiometric frequency) in the microwave range, and to estimate the temperature distribution in the body from the data obtained. Five applicators at 1.1, 1.7, 2.8, 4.6 and 10 GHz have been developed which satisfy conditions required for the antenna measuring the brightness temperature by contacting the body directly. Each applicator consists of a flanged open‐ended X‐band waveguide filled with a dielectric material with its dielectric constant decreasing in proportion to the inverse of the square of the radiometric frequency so that the body surface spatial resolution is not dependent on the observation frequency. By means of a stub and a shorting plunger, good impedance matching is realized even when the location of the measurement is changed. A temperature‐control setup is included so that the applicator temperature accurately follows the variation of the body surface temperature. This makes possible highly accurate temperature measurement. The body surface spatial resolution is 3 × 3 cm2 and the maximum mismatch loss to the body is less than 0.2 dB.
Suicide in cancer patients within the first year of diagnosis
Authors: Ahn Myung Hee , Park Subin , Lee Hochang Benjamin , Ramsey Christine M. , Na Riji , Kim Seon Ok , Kim Jeong Eun , Yoon Shinkyo , Hong Jin Pyo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundA diagnosis of cancer is associated with an increased suicide risk, and this risk is the highest within the first year of diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to determine risk factors of suicide occurring within the first year of cancer diagnosis (early suicide).MethodsThe sampling pool consisted of 164,497 patients with cancer admitted to a general hospital in Seoul, South Korea, from 1996 to 2009. We conducted a 1:2 matched case‐control study by matching 373 patients who died from suicide (cases) with 746 patients who did not die from suicide (controls) on age, sex, anatomic site, and at the time of cancer diagnosis. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression modeling.ResultsSuicide within the first year after a cancer diagnosis occurred in 149 patients (40.0% of 373 total suicides). The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for early suicide was 1.65 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.40–1.94] and was significantly higher for biliary‐pancreatic (SMR = 3.07; 95% CI = 2.02–4.46), lung (SMR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.19–3.30), and stomach (SMR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.16–2.42) cancers than for other cancers. Early and late suicide was significantly different in anatomic site (p = 0.01) and stage (p < 0.001), while not significant in other demographic factors. Advanced stage was more frequent among early suicide compared with late suicide (53.4 versus 18.7%; p < 0.001). Stage of cancer was independently associated with early suicide risk.ConclusionsCancers with an advanced stage at diagnosis were associated with an increased risk of suicide within 1 year of diagnosis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation‐based estimation: a case study in oncology (SIMEST) and a case study in portfolio selection (SIMUGRAM)
Authors: Thompson James R. 
Published: October 2014

Since the time of Poisson, stochastic processes have been axiomatized in the temporally forward direction. Yet for nearly a century, estimation of parameters and even forecasts have been based on likelihood approaches that start with temporally indexed data and then look backward in time. I shall be using the philosophy of Karl Pearson [Scott DW, Tapia RA, Thompson JR. Karl Pearson was right. Computer Science and Statistics: Tenth Annual Symposium on the Interface; 1978, 179–183] in this article where I create, using a forward model, a large virtual universe of happenings based on the assumption of four parameters characterizing an oncological process based on four Poissonian processes. Bins will be formed in the real time space based on the actual data of real world system of times of discovery of primary and secondary tumors and use bin boundaries that enclose roughly 5% of the actual tumor discover data and compare the bin proportions of virtual data with the proportions of actual data in each of the bins. This will enable us to use Karl Pearson's goodness‐of‐fit criterion as the objective function for a Nelder–Mead optimization. We present here an oncological example where the objective is to estimate four parameters relevant to the progression of beast cancer. This procedure is termed the SIMEST paradigm.Then we briefly describe the patented SIMUGRAM for estimating the distribution of portfolio values using daily resampling strategies. This procedure makes minimal model assumptions and is completely based on data. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:379–385. doi: 10.1002/wics.1320This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods