bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nano‐particulate sol–gel coatings on the oxidation resistance of high‐strength steel alloys during the press‐hardening process
Authors: Yekehtaz M. , Klesen C. , Benfer S. , Bleck W. , Fürbeth W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe need for lighter constructional materials in automotive industries has increased the use of high‐strength steel alloys. To enhance passenger's safety press hardening may be applied to steel parts. However, as the steel parts are heated up to 950 °C during this process they have to be protected by some kind of coating against the intense oxide formation usually taking place. As the coating systems used so far all have certain disadvantages in this work the ability of nano‐particulate thin coatings obtained by the sol–gel process to improve the oxidation resistance of 22MnB5 steel is investigated.The coatings obtained from three sols containing lithium aluminum silicate and potassium aluminum silicate showed the best performance against oxidation. The structural properties of the coating materials were characterized using different methods like XRD and differential thermal analysis. Comparison of the oxidation rate constants proved the ability of the coatings to protect against oxidation at temperatures up to 800 °C. Press‐hardening experiments in combination with investigations on the thermal shock resistance of the coated samples also showed the ability of the coatings to stay intact during press hardening with only slight spalling of the coatings in the bending areas. The absence of any secondary intermetallic phases and layer residues during laser beam welding experiments on coated samples proves the suitability of the nano‐particulate coatings for further industrial processing.
On the importance of execution for obtaining the designed durability of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Geiker M. R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe design and execution of reinforced concrete structures shall together with planned maintenance lead to the intended level of safety and serviceability during the entire service life of the structure. The possible impact of execution on the performance of the finished concrete structure is not always recognized; e.g., is pre‐testing of alternative mixes often undertaken at laboratory conditions. Mix design should include an assessment of the stability and property development of the concrete at the anticipated execution conditions as well as an evaluation of the robustness of the concrete to natural variations in mix composition and execution. Through selected examples the paper addresses the importance of execution for obtaining the designed performance and durability of reinforced concrete structures.
Present and future durability challenges for reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Angst U. M. , Hooton R. D. , Marchand J. , Page C. L. , Flatt R. J. , Elsener B. , Gehlen C. , Gulikers J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper sums up the International RILEM Workshop on Present and Future Durability Challenges for Reinforced Concrete Structures, held at ETH Zurich in Switzerland on 17–18 April 2012. Major focus is put on the discussions. During the latter it was revealed that one of the key durability challenges lies in predicting the performance of new materials, where the increasing diversity of cement and concrete plays a major role. As most current engineering models are not capable of predicting actual field performance adequately, a knowledge‐based approach to durability will become more important than ever. Only a scientific approach on a multi‐scale and interdisciplinary level will allow predicting the performance of new materials (where no long‐term experience is available for fitting purposes). This will facilitate the use of more performance‐based durability design that is urgently needed to promote innovative, long‐lasting solutions.
Materials and Corrosion 8/2012
Authors: Kovač J. , Marrow T. J. , Govekar E. , Legat A. 
Published: October 2015

Cover: Development of stress‐corrosion cracking with time is presented by sequences of four images. Development of strain on the surface of the specimen can be effectively evaluated and presented by digital image correlation analysis (DIC). The level of intensity of strain in horizontal direction is presented by blue‐green‐yellow‐red‐white (increasing scale) colours. This analysis can be further used for detection of cracks and for quantitative evaluation of crack lengths and crack opening displacements.More detailed information can be found in: J. Kovač, T. J. Marrow, E. Govekar, A. Legat, Detection and characterization of intergranular stress‐corrosion cracking on austenitic stainless steel, Materials and Corrosion 2012, 63, 664.
Materials and Corrosion 9/2012
Authors: Yasir M. , Mori G. , Wieser H. , Reller A. , Höppel H. W. 
Published: October 2015

Cover: Sensitization in stainless steels is associated with precipitation of chromium rich carbides along grain boundaries during the detrimental heat treatments. This phenomenon was also found in automotive exhaust applications. Some commonly used grades were investigated during a research project. The precipitation of chromium carbides were observed with high resolution techniques like SEM and TEM.More detailed information can be found in: M. Yasir, G. Mori, H. Wieser, A. Reller, H. W. Höppel, Study of sensitization and different heating cycles on stainless steels used for automotive exhaust components, Materials and Corrosion 2012, 63, 763.
Materials and Corrosion 11/2012
Authors: Bozzini B. , Barella S. , Bogani F. , Giovannelli G. , Natali S. , Scarselli G. , Boniardi M. 
Published: October 2015

Cover: A multi‐technique approach featuring electrochemical measurements (LSV and EIS), in plane and cross‐sectional metallography, EDX mapping and XRD yields a notable insight into the corrosion of austenitic (AISI304) and duplex (2205) stainless steels in molten KOH/NaOH 50 w/o eutectic at 250°C.AISI304 – to which the results reported in the cover refer – exhibits a pseudo‐passivating behaviour while duplex undergoes generalised corrosion. As a function of applied potential, the pseudo‐passivating scales forming on AISI304 contain both corrosion products and electrolyte species.More detailed information can be found in: B. Bozzini, S. Barella, F. Bogani, G. Giovannelli, S. Natali, G. Scarselli, M. Boniardi, Corrosion of stainless steel grades in molten NaOH/KOH eutectic at 250°C: AISI304 austenitic and 2205 duplex, Materials and Corrosion 2012, 63, 967.
I Know What I Know, but I will Probably Fail Anyway: How Learned Helplessness Moderates the Knowledge Calibration–Dietary Choice Quality Relationship
Authors: Hansen Torben , Thomsen Thyra Uth 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTPrior research suggests that knowledge calibration (KC) supports consumers’ maintenance of a healthy diet. However, no previous studies have considered that learned helpless consumers may refrain from using their knowledge, even though they may be fully aware that they possess it. This research gap is considered in three studies. Study 1 investigates the moderating effect of learned helplessness (LH) by means of a cross‐sectional survey. Studies 2 and 3 are online choice studies. Besides from replicating Study 1, Studies 2 and 3 eliminate potential social desirability bias by objectively measuring respondents’ dietary choice quality. In addition, Study 3 takes into account the possibility that respondents’ responses may be biased by food preferences, medical conditions, and/or food allergies. Moreover, Studies 2 and 3 both investigate the consequences of the findings on consumers who live under a dieting regime. These studies demonstrate that consumers suffering from LH do not stand to gain from calibrating their dietary knowledge to the same degree as other consumers. It is also shown that dieting behavior has a tendency to weaken this negative moderating effect of LH on the relationship between KC and dietary choice quality. Finally, the implications of the findings for marketers and public policymakers are discussed.
OnabotulinumtoxinA and AbobotulinumtoxinA Dose Conversion: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Dashtipour Khashayar , Chen Jack J. , Espay Alberto J. , Mari Zoltan , Ondo William 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review was performed to elucidate dosing practices, dosing conversions, and related outcomes from randomized, controlled trials that directly compared onabotulinumtoxinA (ONA) and abobotulinumtoxinA (ABO) at various dose conversion ratios for therapeutic use in movement disorders.MethodsA systematic review of three medical literature databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE) was performed to identify relevant comparative clinical studies, systematic reviews, and meta‐analyses published in the English language between January 1991 and January 2015. Studies that met predefined inclusion criteria were selected for formal data extraction and quality assessment.ResultsA total of 182 manuscripts were identified, of which four were included for analysis. Targeted clinical applications included neurological disorders. The studies compared ONA to ABO dose conversion ratios of 1:2.5 (n = 1), 1:3 (n = 2), and 1:4 (n = 2). One study compared both 1:3 and 1:4 ratios. An ONA:ABO conversion factor of 1:2.5 was associated with similar efficacy and side effects. An ONA:ABO ratio of 1:3 provided similar or higher efficacy, but an increased rate of adverse effects, and an ONA:ABO ratio of 1:4 was associated with higher efficacy, but with an excessive rate of intolerable side effects.ConclusionA dose conversion ratio of ONA to ABO between 1:2.5 and 1:3.0 provides comparable safety and efficacy for therapeutic movement disorders chemodenervation procedures.
An active strain sensing system based on single‐longitudinal‐mode distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser and its applications in the measurement of erbium‐doped fiber birefringence
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Bo , Jia Chenglai 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn active strain sensing system based on single‐longitudinal‐mode distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Owing to the short laser cavity length and birefringence‐induced mode splitting, the proposed laser in single‐longitudinal‐mode operation provides a beat signal from 1.598 to 2.53 GHz as the strain applied onto the fiber laser changes, and through beat frequency interrogation the proposed laser sensor turns out a strain sensitivity of ∼0.21 MHz/με. Moreover, by simultaneously monitoring the laser wavelength and beat frequency, strain dependence of erbium‐doped fiber birefringence has also been measured, and experimental results show that erbium‐doped fiber birefringence has a strain sensitivity of ∼1.59 × 10−9/με. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2508‐2512, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26302
Miniaturized size of dual‐band‐meandered branch‐line coupler for WLAN application
Authors: Jizat N. M. , Rahim S.K. A. , Rahman T. A. , Abdulrahman A. Y. , Sabran M. I. , Hall P. S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA new method of a dual‐band miniaturized branch‐line coupler (BLC) is presented with two widely separated bands (f2 > 2f1) for wireless local area network application. Partially meandered lines are used as the coupler's shunt arms; and are designed to operate at f1 = 2.45 GHz and f2 = 5.8 GHz. There are 65 and 90% reduction in circuit area compared to the previous research design. Theoutput signal ports have an equal power split within measurement accuracy and 2° error at the resonant frequencies. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement, thereby verifying the design concept. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2543–2547, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26312
Design, implementation, and measurements of a novel broadband dual‐polarized patch array in Ku band for polarimetric SAR systems
Authors: Sánchez‐Sevilleja S. , Larrañaga‐Sudupe J. R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel compact broadband and dual‐polarized Ku‐band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) antenna with a high level of isolation between polarizations has been developed by INTA Radar Laboratory as an advanced sensor for the QUASAR project, which involves INTA new SAR developments for small platforms and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The antenna design is composed by a 4 × 8 dual‐polarized square patch array fed through a very efficient and novel structure based on a cross‐shape slot to achieve a large bandwidth and overall to achieve an excellent isolation between polarizations needed in a polarimetric system such as the one INTA has developed. Finally, the antenna must be placed inside a pod which is going to be placed under the UAV wings, so the antenna must be lightweight, robust, and with small size. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2537–2543, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26313
Radiated susceptibility of medical equipment in health care units: 2G and 3G mobile phones as an interferer
Authors: Helhel Selcuk , Ozen Sukru , Basyigit I. Bahadir , Kurnaz Osman , Yoruk Yunus E. , Bitirgan Murat , Colak Zeynep 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMobile phones have been started to be in concern as an electromagnetic interference source in hospitals in Turkey as well as other countries. There are about 50 million subscribers in the country that each patient can be assumed as a mobile phone holder, and they always want to be in service. Meanwhile, hospital buildings are very huge buildings which are not allowing deep radio penetration through the holes. While weak signal coverage level allows mobile phones camping on operator, it forces mobiles to operate at its maximum power level of 2 W. While ANSI C63.18 offers safety distances (m) for medical devices for mobile phone usage, this study points out that output power (equivalently distance) cannot be a reason itself. This phenomenon has been examined by three‐dimensional electromagnetic field distribution measurement through the health units. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2657–2661, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26321
Low‐power 2.4/5.15‐GHz dual‐band voltage‐controlled oscillator
Authors: Miao Yannan , Chye Boon Chirn , Anh Do Manh , Seng Yeo Kiat , Zhang Yuxiang X. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe proposed a 2.4/5.15 GHz dual‐band voltage‐controlled oscillator which consists of a voltage‐controlled oscillator and an injection‐locked oscillator. Its upper and lower band frequencies are 4.48∼5.86 GHz and 2.24∼2.93 GHz, respectively. With the power consumption of 3.2 mW, their phase noises are −115 and −121 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2495–2497, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26329
CMOS direct injection‐locked frequency divider (3.55 mW 80 GHz) with 26.3% locking range using distributed LC tank and body bias techniques
Authors: Wang Chien‐Chin , Chen Chang‐Zhi , Lin Yo‐Sheng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA 3.55‐mW 80‐GHz complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) divide‐by‐2 direct injection‐locked frequency divider (DILFD) using distributed inductance‐capacitance (LC) tank and body bias techniques for operation frequency and locking‐range enhancement is demonstrated.Compared with the traditional LC tank, the distributed LC tank significantly decreases the equivalent LC and C values. This in turn results in an increase of the operation frequency and the locking range. In addition, trans‐conductance (gm) of the injection transistor can be improved by body bias due to the reduction of its threshold voltage. This in turn results in an increase of the locking range (6.2 GHz in simulation). Furthermore, power consumption is reduced by eliminating the head current source in the traditional DILFD. Measurement result shows the proposed DILFD achieved a state‐of‐the‐art 26.3% (61.5–80.1 GHz) locking range and an excellent output phase‐noise of −128.69 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2694–2697, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26333
A novel design of organic semiconductor thin film device embedded microstrip antenna
Authors: Teng Hsien Chiao , Cherng Shen , Huang Yu‐Jung 
Published: October 2015

AbstractImplanting an organic semiconductor thin film (OSTF) device into an inexpensive FR4 substrate to design a microstrip antenna is demonstrated in this article. When the substrate was grounded for the device, special features of the frequency dependent I–V curves and the PN junction built‐in potential formed by joining of C60 (n‐type) and CuPC (p‐type) OSTFs can be obtained. The device can thus be activated and excited as a microstrip antenna by the side probe‐fed simultaneously. Meanwhile, the antenna gains can be modified by changing the thin film thickness as well as the source voltage of probe‐fed to excite the resonated mode of the structure of the microstrip antenna. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2569–2572, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26338
Folded substrate integrated waveguide cross‐coupled filters with negative coupling structure for wireless systems
Authors: Glubokov O. , Nagandiram S. , Tarczynski A. , Budimir D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this article, a compact multilayer substrate integrated filter with pseudoelliptic power transfer function is presented. The fourth‐order bandpass filter designed by optimization has a central frequency of 10 GHz with a bandwidth of 800 MHz. It possesses two transmission zeros and exhibits return loss of −30 dB. Miniaturization is achieved using folded waveguide technology. Novel negative coupling structure based on upside–down‐folded iris‐coupled resonators is introduced and investigated. Design procedure is briefly explained, coupling matrix is derived, and investigation of coupling elements is carried out to match calculated coupling coefficients. Results of full‐wave simulation of the filter are in good agreement with the prototype. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2521–2526, 2011; Published online in View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26341
Compact dual‐band‐printed dipole antenna with parallel‐winding lines and tapered structure for WLAN applications
Authors: Zhang Na , Jing Wang Yang , Wei Shi Xiao 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this article, a compact printed dipole antenna for wideband local area network (WLAN) (2.45/5.5 GHz) applications is presented.The proposed antenna consists of two radiating patches with several slots etched on the patches, which can generate parallel‐winding lines and then produce two bands. By using the unique tapered structure, good impedance matching can be achieved in a wide dual‐band without external matching circuit. For the experimental study, the antenna provides 10.2% bandwidth from 2.325 to 2.575 GHz and 64.9% bandwidth from 3.225 to 6.325 GHz (RL ≤ −10 dB). In addition, the antenna has good omnidirectional radiation patterns in H‐plane and low cross‐polarization levels in both E‐ and H‐planes. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation ones, and the experiment validates the design concept. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2492–2494, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26342
Alternating‐direction explicit scheme for the 2D finite‐difference time‐domain method for TEz waves
Authors: Fu Ping , Chen Ru‐Shan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this article, a new explicit finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method is proposed to eliminate the Courant–Friedrich–Levy (CFL) condition restraint. This new algorithm is based on an alternating‐direction explicit (ADE) method and Crank–Nicolson (CN) scheme. Called CN‐ADE‐FDTD method, and we present two versions of the proposed method. Numerical stability analysis of the new algorithm was also presented. Furthermore, the results by the CN‐ADE‐FDTD method are compared with the results by the conventional FDTD method. As a result, it is confirmed that the proposed method is unconditionally stable and superior to the conventional one. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2689–2694, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26346
Discontinuous Galerkin implementation of time‐domain finite‐element method using Crank–Nicolson scheme and complex frequency‐shifted perfectly matched layers for efficient analysis of dielectric loaded waveguide structures
Authors: Ye Zhenbao , Wang Chao‐Fu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article presents the development of discontinuous Galerkin time‐domain finite‐element method (DG‐TDFEM) for modeling wideband electromagnetic response of dielectric loaded waveguide structures.The method can be considered as a kind of domain decomposition method. The hierarchical vector basis functions are used to expand the electric and magnetic fields in order to maintain high order accuracy and Crank–Nicolson difference scheme is utilized for the time‐partial equation for each subdomain. Both the electric and magnetic fields are computed in each subdomain, and only the fields on the interfaces of adjacent subdomains are directly related to each other. Thus, there is no need to solve a global matrix equation related to all boundary values. The complex frequency‐shifted perfectly matched layers are used for the truncation of unbounded solution region. Several three‐dimensional cavity and waveguide structures with dielectric loading are simulated to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Compared to the original single‐domain problem, the size of each subdomain problem is reduced to result in a dramatic reduction of factorization time, as well as the overall computational time and peak memory usage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2635–2642, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26349
A reusable coplanar waveguide probe for in situ material characterization
Authors: Everett Evan J. , Wentworth Stuart M. , Garrett Benjamin T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel reusable coplanar waveguide tee resonator probe is stenciled in a rigid sheet of brass. The probe can be easily placed on dielectric slabs for in situ permittivity measurement. The method can be applied to inhomogeneous materials that may not lend themselves to precise sample preparation or to open‐ended coaxial probing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2601–2604, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26350
High‐power effects in damaged and contaminated optical fiber connectors
Authors: Domingues Fátima , Rocha Ana M. , André Paulo S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe optical fibers are key components for the high‐capacity telecommunications networks.The characteristics of physical contact optical connectors deteriorate when the fiber connector interface is contaminated or physically damaged, causing fatal failure or the performance degradation. In this work, we study the temperature and power‐loss behavior for contaminated and physically damaged optical connectors, under high optical power regime. The results indicate that the connector lifetime when subjected to high propagation powers, depends essentially on its cleanness rather than the surface degradation resulting from the plugging/unplugging operations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2485–2488, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26356