bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Going beyond numbers: A typology of health professional mobility inside and outside the European Union
Authors: Glinos Irene A 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In a context of current and forecasted global health workforce shortages, attention around health professional mobility is mounting as observers and policy makers recognise its role in supplying health systems with the workforce they dependent on to function, or depleting these systems of their doctors and nurses. The paper proposes a typology of health professional mobility composed of six types of mobile health professionals and three types of borders. The framework draws attention to the individual's decision to migrate and to the role laws and borders play as determinants for mobility opportunities. In doing so, the typology is able to identify which types of mobile health professionals are likely to escape data collection, to highlight the distinction between free mobility within the EU and migration outside the EU's external borders, and to act as tool for designing policies adapted to the diversity of health professional mobility.
Nap1 stimulates homologous recombination by RAD51 and RAD54 in higher-ordered chromatin containing histone H1
Authors: Machida Shinichi , Takaku Motoki , Ikura Masae , Sun Jiying , Suzuki Hidekazu , Kobayashi Wataru , Kinomura Aiko , Osakabe Akihisa , Tachiwana Hiroaki , Horikoshi Yasunori , Fukuto Atsuhiko , Matsuda Ryo , Ura Kiyoe , Tashiro Satoshi , Ikura Tsuyoshi , Kurumizaka Hitoshi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHomologous recombination plays essential roles in mitotic DNA double strand break (DSB) repair and meiotic genetic recombination. In eukaryotes, RAD51 promotes the central homologous-pairing step during homologous recombination, but is not sufficient to overcome the reaction barrier imposed by nucleosomes. RAD54, a member of the ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling factor family, is required to promote the RAD51-mediated homologous pairing in nucleosomal DNA. In higher eukaryotes, most nucleosomes form higher-ordered chromatin containing the linker histone H1. However, the mechanism by which RAD51/RAD54-mediated homologous pairing occurs in higher-ordered chromatin has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that a histone chaperone, Nap1, accumulates on DSB sites in human cells and DSB repair is substantially decreased in Nap1-knockdown cells. We determined that Nap1 binds to RAD54, enhances the RAD54-mediated nucleosome remodeling by evicting histone H1 and eventually stimulates the RAD51-mediated homologous pairing in higher-ordered chromatin containing histone H1.
Song Recognition by Young Children With Cochlear Implants: Comparison Between Unilateral, Bilateral, and Bimodal Users
Authors: Bartov Tamar , Most Tova 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
To examine song identification by preschoolers with normal hearing (NH) versus preschoolers with cochlear implants (CIs).

Method

Participants included 45 children ages 3;8–7;3 (years;months): 12 with NH and 33 with CIs, including 10 with unilateral CI, 14 with bilateral CIs, and 9 bimodal users (CI-HA) with unilateral CI and contralateral hearing aid. Preschoolers were asked to identify children's songs presented via 5 versions: (a)
full
(lyrics sung with piano accompaniment); (b)
a cappella
(only lyrics); (c)
melodic
(matching main melodic contour); (d)
tonal
(only pitch information); and (e)
rhythmic
(only song's rhythm).

Results
The NH group surpassed all CI groups at identifying songs via melodic and tonal versions, but no significant differences emerged between the NH group and any CI group via full, a cappella, or rhythmic versions. Among the CI groups, no significant differences emerged via melodic or rhythmic versions, but bimodal users performed significantly better than bilateral users via the tonal version. Chronological age and duration of CI use correlated significantly with identification via the rhythmic version.

Conclusion
Bimodal users showed an advantage in identifying songs in the tonal version through use of complementary information.
Posterolateral Arthrodesis in Lumbar Spine Surgery Using Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma and Cancellous Bone Substitute: An Osteoinductive and Osteoconductive Effect
Authors: Tarantino Roberto , Donnarumma Pasquale , Mancarella Cristina , Rullo Marika , Ferrazza Giancarlo , Barrella Gianna , Martini Sergio , Delfini Roberto 
Published: May 2014

Study Design Prospective cohort study. Objectives To analyze the effectiveness and practicality of using cancellous bone substitute with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in posterolateral arthrodesis. Methods Twenty consecutive patients underwent posterolateral arthrodesis with implantation of cancellous bone substitute soaked with PRP obtained directly in the operating theater on the right hemifield and cancellous bone substitute soaked with saline solution on the right. Results Computed tomography scans at 6 and 12 months after surgery were performed in all patients. Bone density was investigated by comparative analysis of region of interest. The data were analyzed with repeated-measures variance analyses with value of density after 6 months and value of density after 12 months, using age, levels of arthrodesis, and platelet count as covariates. The data demonstrated increased bone density using PRP and heterologous cancellous block resulting in an enhanced fusion rate during the first 6 months after surgery. Conclusions PRP used with cancellous bone substitute increases the rate of fusion and bone density joining osteoinductive and osteoconductive effect.
Governance, agricultural intensification, and land sparing in tropical South America
Authors: Ceddia Michele Graziano , Bardsley Nicholas Oliver , Gomez-y-Paloma Sergio , Sedlacek Sabine 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Tropical South America has forest resources of global significance but exhibits a relatively high rate of deforestation. As agricultural expansion remains the most important cause of forest loss and degradation there, it is important to understand its main drivers. In this paper we address two important questions: How do the quality of governance and agricultural intensification combine to impact the spatial expansion of agriculture? Which aspects of governance are more likely to ensure that agricultural intensification allows sparing land for nature? By distinguishing between conventional and environmental dimensions of governance (which includes also the establishment of protected areas), we investigate which of these two aspects, by interacting with the process of agricultural intensification, is likely to promote land sparing.
Flight–crash events in turbulence
Authors: Xu Haitao , Pumir Alain , Falkovich Gregory , Bodenschatz Eberhard , Shats Michael , Xia Hua , Francois Nicolas , Boffetta Guido 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Irreversibility is a fundamental aspect of the evolution of natural systems, and quantifying its manifestations is a challenge in any attempt to describe nonequilibrium systems. In the case of fluid turbulence, an emblematic example of a system very far from equilibrium, we show that the motion of a single fluid particle provides a clear manifestation of time irreversibility. Namely, we observe that fluid particles tend to lose kinetic energy faster than they gain it. This is best seen by the presence of rare “flight–crash” events, where fast moving particles suddenly decelerate into a region where fluid motion is slow. Remarkably, the statistical signature of these events establishes a quantitative relation between the degree of irreversibility and turbulence intensity.
Cryo-EM structure of the small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome
Authors: Kaushal Prem S. , Sharma Manjuli R. , Booth Timothy M. , Haque Emdadul M. , Tung Chang-Shung , Sanbonmatsu Karissa Y. , Spremulli Linda L. , Agrawal Rajendra K. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
The mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) is a macromolecular complex that plays a central role in mitochondrial protein synthesis. Its small subunit is involved directly in the recruitment and decoding of mitochondrial mRNAs. Defects in mitochondrial translation, including mutations in components of the mitoribosome, are known to cause numerous human genetic diseases. Thus, knowledge of the molecular architecture of the mitoribosome is essential for a better understanding of those diseases and of the process of translation. To our knowledge, this article describes the first detailed cryo-EM structure of the small subunit of the mammalian mitoribosome. The study provides important clues about the evolution of this macromolecular complex and reveals unique structural features that could be important in the translation of the unusual mitochondrial mRNAs.
Hypochlorite-induced structural modifications enhance the chaperone activity of human α2-macroglobulin
Authors: Wyatt Amy R. , Kumita Janet R. , Mifsud Richard W. , Gooden Cherrie A. , Wilson Mark R. , Dobson Christopher M. 
Published: May 2014

SignificanceHypochlorite is a powerful oxidant that is generated within the body by activated innate immune cells. When hypochlorite is produced, the host organism sustains collateral damage, particularly to proteins, and the accumulation of damaged (misfolded) proteins is a hallmark of inflammatory processes (e.g., in Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, and arthritis). In the present study, we show that the chaperone activity of human α2-macroglobulin, a highly abundant secreted protein, is dramatically increased by hypochlorite-induced structural modifications. The data support the conclusion that α2-macroglobulin is a unique component of the innate immune system that is posttranslationally regulated by hypochlorite to facilitate the clearance of potentially pathogenic misfolded proteins.
Occasional Smoking and Body Weight among Adults
Authors: Kasteridis Panagiotis , Yen Steven T. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe explore the effects of occasional smoking on body mass index (BMI) in comparison to non‐smoking and daily smoking in adults age 18–50. Data are compiled from the 2005–2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Though smaller than that of daily smoking, occasional smoking is found to have a negative and substantial effect on body weight. Differences in the effect of occasional smoking on body weight across BMI categories are small. Unlike daily smoking, the effects of occasional smoking on BMI are larger for females, exceeding 50% of the effects of daily smoking on BMI. These large effects constitute a threat as occasional smoking might be seen by females as an effective weight control strategy that carries lower health risks than daily smoking. Strategies to reduce smoking should then emphasize the proportional health risks of occasional smoking.
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 and Foxp3 expression: viral strategyin vivo
Authors: Miyazato Paola , Matsuoka Masao 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHuman T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causal agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and inflammatory diseases, including HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, uveitis and infective dermatitis. However, it remains to be elucidated how HTLV-1 induces both neoplastic and inflammatory diseases. A critical component in the Treg-cell machinery is the transcription factor Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), which is expressed in ~5% of CD4+ T cells of healthy individuals. Foxp3 is expressed in around 80% of ATL cases. Recent studies point to the capacity of Treg cells to convert to other cell types, even to those with an inflammatory phenotype. These characteristics might indicate that Treg cells might be playing a critical role in HTLV-1 infection, either by being targeted by the virus or by regulating and modulating the immune response. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between Foxp3 expression and HTLV-1, focusing on important viral proteins that might help the virus to trigger the development of such diverse pathologies.
Home care for brain tumor patients
Authors: Pace Andrea , Villani Veronica , Di Pasquale Antonella , Benincasa Dario , Guariglia Lara , Ieraci Sonia , Focarelli Silvia , Carapella Carmine Maria , Pompili Alfredo 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Brain tumor patients are quite different from other populations of cancer patients due to the complexity of supportive care needs, the trajectory of disease, the very short life expectancy, and resulting need for a specific palliative approach.

Methods
A pilot program of comprehensive palliative care for brain tumor patients was started in the Regina Elena National Cancer Institute of Rome in October 2000, supported by the Lazio Regional Health System. The aim of this model of assistance was to meet patient's needs for care in all stages of disease, support the families, and reduce the rehospitalization rate. The efficacy of the model of care was evaluated analyzing the place of death, caregiver satisfaction, rehospitalization rate, and the impact on costs to the health system.

Results
From October 2000 to December 2012, 848 patients affected by brain tumor were enrolled in a comprehensive program of neuro-oncological home care. Out of 529 patients who died, 323 (61%) were assisted at home until death, 117 (22.2%) died in hospital, and 89 (16.8%) died in hospice. A cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in hospital readmission rates in the last 2 months of life compared with the control group (16.7% vs 38%; P < .001).

Conclusions
Our findings concerning death at home, rehospitalization rate, quality of life, and satisfaction of patients and their relatives with the care received suggest that a neuro-oncologic palliative home-care program has a positive impact on the quality of care for brain tumor patients, particularly at the end of life.
Integration of palliative care into the neuro-oncology practice: patterns in the United States
Authors: Walbert Tobias 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Between 80%–85 percent of all adult brain tumors are high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Despite aggressive treatment with surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the survival of patients with HGG is limited. Brain tumor patients develop unique symptoms and needs throughout their disease trajectory, and the majority lose the ability to communicate during the end-of-life phase. Palliative care (PC) is a proactive and systematic approach to manage issues that are important to patients and families affected by serious illness. The goal is to improve quality of life and symptom control and thereby reduce suffering. Most PC interventions take place during the end-of-life phase; however, newer data suggest that early PC interventions might improve symptom control and quality of life.

Methods
A literature review focusing on PC, hospice care, and end-of-life care was performed with the aim to describe the integration of PC into neuro-oncology practice.

Results
Recently there has been increased interest in the effects of PC and brain tumor patients. The origins, methodology, and conceptual models of delivering PC and how it might be applied to the field of neuro-oncology were reviewed. Patterns of referral and utilization in neuro-oncology are described based on the findings of a recent survey.

Conclusions
Despite a very high symptom burden, many HGG patients do not receive the same level of PC and have fewer interactions with PC services than other cancer populations. Early PC interventions and structured advance-care planning might improve symptom control and quality of life for brain tumor patients.
ArabidopsisTransporter MGT6 Mediates Magnesium Uptake and Is Required for Growth under Magnesium Limitation
Authors: Mao Dandan , Chen Jian , Tian Lianfu , Liu Zhenhua , Yang Lei , Tang Renjie , Li Jian , Lu Changqing , Yang Yonghua , Shi Jisen , Chen Liangbi , Li Dongping , Luan Sheng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAlthough magnesium (Mg2+) is the most abundant divalent cation in plant cells, little is known about the mechanism of Mg2+ uptake by plant roots. Here, we report a key function of Magnesium Transport6 (MGT6)/Mitochondrial RNA Splicing2-4 in Mg2+ uptake and low-Mg2+ tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. MGT6 is expressed mainly in plant aerial tissues when Mg2+ levels are high in the soil or growth medium. Its expression is highly induced in the roots during Mg2+ deficiency, suggesting a role for MGT6 in response to the low-Mg2+ status in roots. Silencing of MGT6 in transgenic plants by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in growth retardation under the low-Mg2+ condition, and the phenotype was restored to normal growth after RNAi plants were transferred to Mg2+-sufficient medium. RNAi plants contained lower levels of Mg2+ compared with wild-type plants under low Mg2+ but not under Mg2+-sufficient conditions. Further analysis indicated that MGT6 was localized in the plasma membrane and played a key role in Mg2+ uptake by roots under Mg2+ limitation. We conclude that MGT6 mediates Mg2+ uptake in roots and is required for plant adaptation to a low-Mg2+ environment.
Inflation, inflation uncertainty and output growth: what does the data say for Malaysia?
Authors: Zubaidi Baharumshah Ahmad , Soon Siew-Voon 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the causal relationships between inflation, output growth and their uncertainties in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approach– The modeling approach allows for structural breaks to avoid the masking of specific impacts.Findings– Based on the asymmetric Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity model, the paper found strong evidence favoring a positive effect of a change in the inflation uncertainty as predicted by the Friedman-Ball hypothesis. In addition, inflation (inflation uncertainty) has direct (indirect) negative effect on the output growth. The results are consistent with the Taylor effect – increases in inflation uncertainty decreases output uncertainty. The analysis also reveals that economic uncertainty lowers the growth rate of output, complying with Bernanke's idea.Originality/value– The present study suggests that extra efforts are required to locate the breaks in the variance in order to draw concrete evidence on link between economic uncertainty and macroeconomic performance.
The interaction effect of organizational practices and employee values on knowledge management (KM) success
Authors: Atapattu A W M M , Jayakody J A S K 
Published: May 2014

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to examine the interaction effect of organizational practices and values of employees on KM success in organizations.Design/methodology/approach–An online survey was undertaken covering 207 employees from the IT, Telecommunication, Food and Beverages and Banking industries in Sri Lanka. The data were analyzed with Partial Least Squares (PLS).Findings–Teamwork, incentives for KM and continuous learning influence employee propensity for KM positively. Furthermore, employee self-transcendence and employee openness to change, moderate the effect of both teamwork and incentives for KM on employee propensity for KM respectively. Yet, openness to change does not moderate the impact of continuous learning on employee propensity for KM.Research limitations/implications–A multi-level study which measures organizational practices at organizational level and individual values at individual level is a necessity in order to corroborate the present findings. The type of industry and gender should be further examined since they are found to influence values of employees.Practical implications–Not only organizational practices such as compensation, job design and performance management but also employee values should be aligned to KM. Thus, recruitment and selection as well as training and development become imperative for the success of KM initiatives.Originality/value–This is one of the first attempts to consider individual values in the context of KM and report an empirical study from Sri Lanka from where relatively few studies are reported.
Knowledge exchange systems usage: the importance of content contribution and application in distributed environments
Authors: Gressgård Leif Jarle 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– For knowledge exchange systems to yield best organizational benefits, it is acknowledged that employees have to both contribute with and apply system content. This may be of particular importance in distributed environments due to limitations in alternative channels for knowledge exchange. This study investigates the effects of the gap between contribution and application on the degree of knowledge exchange within and between organizational borders and work locations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study is based on survey data involving 2204 respondents from a large petroleum operator company and eight of its main contractors.

Findings
– An increase in the gap between contribution and application is accompanied with reduced levels of knowledge exchange between organizational borders and work locations, but has no effects on knowledge exchange between employees of the same organization working at the same location. This is explained by the availability of substitute channels for local knowledge exchange.

Practical implications
– Knowledge exchange systems research and practice have to focus on both knowledge contribution and knowledge application as fundamental processes, and should further consider organizational structure as an important factor.

Originality/value
– Most research on contribution and application of content in knowledge exchange systems focuses on knowledge exchange within company boundaries. This study systematically investigates the effects of the gap between contribution and application of system content at different levels of organizational distribution, and thus extends existing research by introducing organizational distribution as a conditioning variable for successful knowledge management.