bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More Than Just a Mammogram: Breast Cancer Screening Perspectives of Relatives of Women With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Greenwood Nechama W. , Dreyfus Deborah , Wilkinson Joanne 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Women with intellectual disability (ID) have similar rates of breast cancer as the general public, but higher breast cancer mortality and lower rates of regular screening mammography. Screening rates are lowest among women who live with their families. Though women with ID often make decisions in partnership with their relatives, we lack research related to family member perspectives on mammography. We conducted a qualitative study of family members of women with ID, with an interview guide focused on health care decision making and experiences, and breast cancer screening barriers, facilitators, and beliefs as related to their loved ones. Sixteen family members underwent semistructured interviews. Important themes included mammography as a reference point for other social and cultural concerns, such as their loved one's sexuality or what it means to be an adult woman; fear of having to make hard decisions were cancer to be diagnosed acting as a barrier to screening; a focus on quality of life; and desire for quality health care for their loved one, though quality care did not always equate to regular cancer screening. Adults with ID are valued members of their families, and their relatives are invested in their well-being. However, families fear the potentially complicated decisions associated with a cancer diagnosis and may choose to forgo screening due to misinformation and a focus on quality of life. Effective interventions to address disparities in mammography should focus on adults with ID and their families together, and incorporate the family context.
Gene Expression Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer
Authors: Fina Emanuela , Callari Maurizio , Reduzzi Carolina , D'Aiuto Francesca , Mariani Gabriella , Generali Daniele , Pierotti Marco A , Daidone Maria G , Cappelletti Vera 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Determining the transcriptional profile of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may allow the acquisition of clinically relevant information while overcoming tumor heterogeneity-related biases associated with use of tissue samples for biomarker assessment. However, such molecular characterization is challenging because CTCs are rare and outnumbered by blood cells.

METHODS
Here, we describe a technical protocol to measure the expression of &gt;29 000 genes in CTCs captured from whole blood with magnetic beads linked with antibodies against epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and the carcinoma-associated mucin, MUC1, designed to be used for CTC characterization in clinical samples. Low numbers of cells (5–200) from the MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines were spiked in healthy donor blood samples and isolated with the AdnaTest EMT-1/Stem CellSelect kit. Gene expression profiles (GEPs) were obtained with the WG-DASL HT assay and compared with GEPs obtained from RNA isolated from cultured cell lines and unspiked samples.

RESULTS
GEPs from samples containing 25 or more spiked cells correlated (r = 0.95) with cognate 100-ng RNA input samples, clustered separately from blood control samples, and allowed MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cells to be distinguished. GEPs with comparable technical quality were also obtained in a preliminary series of clinical samples.

CONCLUSIONS
Our approach allows technically reliable GEPs to be obtained from isolated CTCs for the acquisition of biologically useful information. It is reproducible and suitable for application in prospective studies to assess the clinical utility of CTC GEPs, provided that &gt;25 CTCs can be isolated.
Quantitative Cell-Free Circulating BRAFV600E Mutation Analysis by Use of Droplet Digital PCR in the Follow-up of Patients with Melanoma Being Treated with BRAF Inhibitors
Authors: Sanmamed Miguel F , Fernández-Landázuri Sara , Rodríguez Carmen , Zárate Ruth , Lozano María D , Zubiri Leyre , Perez-Gracia José Luis , Martín-Algarra Salvador , González Alvaro 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAround 50% of cutaneous melanomas harbor the BRAFV600E mutation and can be treated with BRAF inhibitors. DNA carrying this mutation can be released into circulation as cell-free BRAFV600E (cfBRAFV600E). Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is an analytically sensitive technique for quantifying small concentrations of DNA. We studied the plasma concentrations of cfBRAFV600E by ddPCR in patients with melanoma during therapy with BRAF inhibitors.METHODSPlasma concentrations of cfBRAFV600E were measured in 8 controls and 20 patients with advanced melanoma having the BRAFV600E mutation during treatment with BRAF inhibitors at baseline, first month, best response, and progression.RESULTSThe BRAFV600E mutation was detected by ddPCR even at a fractional abundance of 0.005% in the wild-type gene. Agreement between tumor tissue BRAFV600E and plasma cfBRAFV600E was 84.3%. Baseline cfBRAFV600E correlated with tumor burden (r = 0.742, P &lt; 0.001). cfBRAFV600E concentrations decreased significantly at the first month of therapy (basal median, 216 copies/mL; Q1–Q3, 27–647 copies/mL; first response median, 0 copies/mL; Q1–Q3, 0–49 copies/mL; P &lt; 0.01) and at the moment of best response (median, 0 copies/mL; Q1–Q3, 0–33 copies/mL; P &lt; 0.01). At progression, there was a significant increase in the concentration of cfBRAFV600E compared with best response (median, 115 copies/mL; Q1–Q3, 3–707 copies/mL; P = 0.013). Lower concentrations of basal cfBRAFV600E were significantly associated with longer overall survival and progression-free survival (27.7 months and 9 months, respectively) than higher basal concentrations (8.6 months and 3 months, P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.024, respectively).CONCLUSIONScfBRAFV600E quantification in plasma by ddPCR is useful as a follow-up to treatment response in patients with advanced melanoma.
Refinement of Variant Selection for the LDL Cholesterol Genetic Risk Score in the Diagnosis of the Polygenic Form of Clinical Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Replication in Samples from 6 Countries
Authors: Futema Marta , Shah Sonia , Cooper Jackie A , Li KaWah , Whittall Ros A , Sharifi Mahtab , Goldberg Olivia , Drogari Euridiki , Mollaki Vasiliki , Wiegman Albert , Defesche Joep , D'Agostino Maria N , D'Angelo Antonietta , Rubba Paolo , Fortunato Giuliana , Waluś-Miarka Małgorzata , Hegele Robert A , Aderayo Bamimore Mary , Durst Ronen , Leitersdorf Eran , Mulder Monique T , Roeters van Lennep Jeanine E , Sijbrands Eric J G , Whittaker John C , Talmud Philippa J , Humphries Steve E 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal-dominant disorder caused by mutations in 1 of 3 genes. In the 60% of patients who are mutation negative, we have recently shown that the clinical phenotype can be associated with an accumulation of common small-effect LDL cholesterol (LDL-C)-raising alleles by use of a 12–single nucleotide polymorphism (12-SNP) score. The aims of the study were to improve the selection of SNPs and replicate the results in additional samples.

METHODS
We used ROC curves to determine the optimum number of LDL-C SNPs. For replication analysis, we genotyped patients with a clinical diagnosis of FH from 6 countries for 6 LDL-C-associated alleles. We compared the weighted SNP score among patients with no confirmed mutation (FH/M–), those with a mutation (FH/M+), and controls from a UK population sample (WHII).

RESULTS
Increasing the number of SNPs to 33 did not improve the ability of the score to discriminate between FH/M– and controls, whereas sequential removal of SNPs with smaller effects/lower frequency showed that a weighted score of 6 SNPs performed as well as the 12-SNP score. Metaanalysis of the weighted 6-SNP score, on the basis of polymorphisms in CELSR2 (cadherin, EGF LAG 7-pass G-type receptor 2), APOB (apolipoprotein B), ABCG5/8 [ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 5/8], LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor), and APOE (apolipoprotein E) loci, in the independent FH/M– cohorts showed a consistently higher score in comparison to the WHII population (P &lt; 2.2 × 10−16). Modeling in individuals with a 6-SNP score in the top three-fourths of the score distribution indicated a &gt;95% likelihood of a polygenic explanation of their increased LDL-C.

CONCLUSIONS
A 6-SNP LDL-C score consistently distinguishes FH/M– patients from healthy individuals. The hypercholesterolemia in 88% of mutation-negative patients is likely to have a polygenic basis.
Fatty Acid Composition of Ostrich (Struthio Camelus) Abdominal Adipose Tissue
Authors: Belichovska Daniela , Hajrulai-Musliu Zehra , Uzunov Risto , Belichovska Katerina , Arapcheska Mila 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Fatty acid composition of foods has a great impact on nutrition and health. Therefore, thе determination and knowledge of the fatty acid composition of food is very important for nutrition. Due to the high nutritional characteristics of ostrich meat and its products, the research determining their quality is of topical interest. The aim of the present investigation was the determination of fatty acid composition of ostrich adipose tissue. The content of fatty acids was determined according to AOAC Official Methods of Analysis and determination was performed using a gas chromatograph with a flame-ionization detector (GC-FID). The results are expressed as a percentage of the total content of fatty acids. The method was validated and whereupon the following parameters were determined: linearity, precision, recovery, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The repeatability was within of 0.99 to 2.15%, reproducibility from 2.01 to 4.57%, while recovery ranged from 94.89 to 101.03%. According to these results, this method is accurate and precise and can be used for analysis of fatty acids in foods. It was concluded that the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) accounted 34.75%, of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 38.37%, of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 26.88%, of total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) 65.25% and of desirable fatty acids (DFA) (total unsaturated + stearic acid) 70.37% of the analysed samples. The ratio polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids accounted 0.77. The most present fatty acid is the oleic (C18:1n9c) with 28.31%, followed by palmitic (C16:0) with 27.12% and linoleic (C18:2n6c) acid with 25.08%. Other fatty acids are contained in significantly lower quantities.
Galois representations and torsion in the coherent cohomology of Hilbert modular varieties
Authors: Emerton Matthew , Reduzzi Davide A. , Xiao Liang 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Let F be a totally real number field and let p be a prime unramified in
F. We prove the existence of Galois pseudo-representations attached to

mod
⁡

p
m

${\operatorname{mod}p^{m}}$

Hecke eigenclasses of paritious weight occurring in
the coherent cohomology of Hilbert modular varieties for F of level prime to
p.
Violence among young men: the importance of a gender-specific developmental approach to adolescent male suicide and homicide
Authors: Rice Timothy R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Suicide and homicide are much more commonly committed by adolescent males than females. Herein, a proposal in favor of gender-specific understanding and approach to these violent behaviors is presented. Social and healthcare service system factors, including issues of male adolescents’ access to care and help-seeking behaviors, are reviewed alongside the epidemiology of adolescent suicide and homicide as a transition into a detailed discussion of the putative biological factors at play. An emphasis upon the male androgen testosterone organizes the discussion. Behavioral manifestations of this brain-based organizational model are presented with a focus on impulsivity, aggression, and externalizing dysregulated emotionality. Treatment considerations and implications are developed.
Alcohol and drug use among adolescents: an educational overview
Authors: Gutierrez Alfredo , Sher Leo 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Alcohol and drug use continues to be a significant global problem with many health and economic consequences. Multiple studies have shown that the majority of adults who end up with an alcohol/drug use disorder have their first contact with these substances as adolescents. This article aims to briefly summarize current prevalence and impact on society, as well as its etiology, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and treatment and prevention of adolescent drug and alcohol use. Alcohol and substance use impacts both the user and society at large, from health risks to the user to increased early pregnancies, car accidents, financial cost, and productivity cost. Substance use and abuse results from intricate interactions between genetic and environmental influences. Also, substance abuse along with a comorbid psychiatric disorder is more common than a solitary substance use disorder in adolescents. Current options for the treatment of substance abuse disorders range from various therapy-based strategies, including behavioral and family-based therapies, to the use of medications. More attention must be placed on the importance of prevention of use, as well as progression of use to dependence. Successful prevention requires a comprehensive plan that needs to include, but should not be limited to, increasing education of all gatekeepers and limiting access of substances and alcohol through policy and reinforcement of those policies. Education of parents, pediatricians, school nurses, teachers, and mental health workers is essential to ensure that children at risk are identified in time to provide appropriate interventions.
Forward osmosis: understanding the hype
Authors: Van der Bruggen Bart , Luis Patricia 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe scientific interest in forward osmosis has increased dramatically over the last decade. The hype has resulted in a high scientific production, but research activities seem to go in all directions, and the real benefits of the process are not always well understood. This paper aims to give some directions based on the current state of the art. Without going into details about the process itself, the current research lines and their background are described. While some of these are important, others – notably the search for alternative draw solutions – have become the Holy Grail of forward osmosis. The further analysis of the process is based on suggested applications and uses the observations made on contemporary research topics in the field. At first, direct application of forward osmosis for potable water production is considered. This leads back to the research challenges of the reverse draw solute flux, concentration polarization, and the regeneration of the draw solution. Special attention is given to desalination, as forward osmosis is often incorrectly denoted as a desalination technology. It can be used in the context of desalination; however, the question remains in which applications this is of interest. Combining desalination and wastewater treatment is one such interesting application, which is further described in this paper for some types of wastewater found in the literature. In the last part, the paper emphasizes the need to develop processes in which the challenge of the draw solution is intrinsically solved. The foremost example of such application is the one for which forward osmosis was developed four decades ago: the use of impaired water sources diluted through a forward osmosis membrane by using a concentrated fertilizer solution to provide osmotic pressure. This application was suggested four decades ago but was never applied on any scale. Process economics and an insufficiently developed technology may have been the basis of this failure. However, a renewed focus on such applications would allow forward osmosis to come to its real potential and contribute to solving the global water challenge.
An overview of indoor air quality and its impact on respiratory health among Malaysian school-aged children
Authors: Choo Chua Poh , Jalaludin Juliana 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The indoor environment is a major source of human exposure to pollutants. Some pollutants can have concentrations that are several times higher indoors than outdoors. Prolonged exposure may lead to adverse biologic effects, even at low concentrations. Several studies done in Malaysia had underlined the role of indoor air pollution in affecting respiratory health, especially for school-aged children. A critical review was conducted on the quantitative literature linking indoor air pollution with respiratory illnesses among school-aged children. This paper reviews evidence of the association between indoor air quality (IAQ) and its implications on respiratory health among Malaysian school-aged children. This review summarizes six relevant studies conducted in Malaysia for the past 10 years. Previous epidemiologic studies relevant to indoor air pollutants and their implications on school-aged children’s respiratory health were obtained from electronic database and included as a reference in this review. The existing reviewed data emphasize the impact of IAQ parameters, namely, indoor temperature, ventilation rates, indoor concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matters (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and airborne microbes, on children’s respiratory health. The study found that most of the Malaysian school-aged children are exposed to the inadequate environment during their times spent either in their houses or in their classrooms, which is not in compliance with the established standards. Children living in households or studying in schools in urban areas are more likely to suffer from respiratory illnesses compared with children living in homes or studying in schools in rural areas.
A figura do fuxido na literatura galega de posguerra
Authors: Rozas Arceo Alba 
Published: November 2014

Analízase, dentro da Literatura Comparada e dende a perspectiva da Tematoloxía, a figura do fuxido en tres obras da narrativa galega de posguerra: O siñor Afranio ou como me rispei das gadoupas da morte, Aqueles anos do Moncho e A Teima de Xan. Ofrécese un estudo das obras atendendo ao seu contido e estrutura. Realízase unha análise da figura do fuxido e as súas implicacións, así coma unha revisión da súa concepción mítica.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/elos.1.1712
Long working hours and psychological distress among school teachers in Japan
Authors: Bannai Akira , Ukawa Shigekazu , Tamakoshi Akiko 
Published: November 2014

Long working hours and psychological distress among school teachers in Japan: Akira BANNAI, et al. Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine—ObjectivesLong working hours have the possibility to influence human health. In Japan, it is well known that teachers have long working hours, and the number of leaves of absence due to mental disorders among public school teachers increased from 2,687 in 2002 to 4,960 in 2012. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between long working hours and psychological distress among school teachers.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted from mid‐July to September in 2013 in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. Questionnaires were distributed to 1,245 teachers in public junior high schools. Information about basic characteristics, including working hours, and responses to the General Health Questionnaire‐28 were collected anonymously. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between long working hours and psychological distress by gender.ResultsOf the 1,245 teachers contacted, 558 (44.8%) responded. After excluding responses with missing data, the final sample included 522 teachers (337 males and 185 females). Psychological distress was identified in 47.8% of males and 57.8% of females. Our results showed a significantly increased risk only in males working >60 hours per week (adjusted OR=4.71 [95% CI 2.04−11.56]) compared with those working ≤40 hours per week. There were no significant associations between long working hours and psychological distress for females.ConclusionsThere is a significant association between long working hours and psychological distress in male teachers. However, the causal relationship remains unclear. Further studies such as cohort studies with large sample sizes are needed.
Cost Estimates and Economic Implications of Expanded RAS Testing in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kircher Sheetal M. , Mohindra Nisha , Nimeiri Halla 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background.
In colorectal cancer (CRC), evidence shows that expanding RAS testing to analyze more mutations may better predict benefit from anti-EGFR therapy. The economic implications of expanding RAS testing for metastatic CRC were analyzed.

Materials and Methods.
Estimates of standard KRAS exon 2 testing were based on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 2014 Diagnostic Laboratory Fee Schedule, and expanded RAS testing was estimated using a sensitivity analysis done with various potential cost scenarios (1, 2, 10, and 30 times the cost of the standard KRAS test). The cost estimates for cetuximab and panitumumab were based on the CMS payment allowance limits for Medicare Part B.

Results.
A total of 28,692 patients with metastatic CRC were estimated to be eligible annually for RAS testing. For cetuximab, the societal cost of standard KRAS testing plus the drug versus expanded testing plus the drug would be $1.16 billion versus $816 million if the cost of the tests were the same. If the cost of the expanded RAS test were 30 times the cost of the standard test, then the societal cost of standard KRAS testing plus the drug versus expanded testing plus the drug would be $1.16 billion versus $980 million, a continued savings of more than $184 million annually. Similar savings were seen with panitumumab.

Conclusion.
The increased societal cost of expanded RAS testing versus standard approved KRAS exon 2 testing was inconsequential when compared with the amount of money saved by not treating the additional 18% of patients who harbor additional RAS mutations (beyond exon 2) with anti-EGFR therapy.
Stroke: Bowel Dysfunction in Patients Admitted for Rehabilitation§
Authors: Engler Tânia M.N. de M , Dourado Cinthia C , Amâncio Thais G , Farage Luciano , de Mello Paulo A. , Padula Marcele P.C 
Published: November 2014

Aim :
to assess the prevalence of diminished frequency of bowel movements, lumpy or hard stools, intestinal constipation, straining, incomplete evacuation, incontinence (bowel dysfunctions) in patients with brain injury resulting from cerebrovascular accident, either self-reported or reported by their caregivers; to describe the type and frequency of such dysfunctions; and the prevalence of laxative use both before and after stroke.

Method :
cross-sectional study with 98 hospitalized patients admitted for rehabilitation between December 2009 and May 2010.

Results :
the prevalence of bowel dysfunctions before stroke was 23.96% whereas after the lesion it was 55.21% (p<0.0001). As reported by patients/caregivers, the chances of developing bowel dysfunctions increase sevenfold after stroke, 95% CI (2.44-24.26). The most frequent dysfunctions before stroke were intestinal constipation (73.91%) and diminished frequency of bowel movements (17.39%). After stroke, constipation remains to be the most frequent dysfunction reported (50%), followed by diminished frequency of bowel movements (26.79%), incomplete evacuation (12.50%), and lack of privacy (5.36%). The use of laxatives was 19,15% after the lesion, but not statisticaly significant (p=0.0736).

Conclusion :
Bowel dysfunctions increases significantly after stroke. Therefore, further studies are needed to better understand and characterize such dysfunctions, which are scarcely described in the literature.