bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower resting and total energy expenditure in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal women matched for abdominal obesity
Authors: Hodson Leanne , Harnden Karin , Banerjee Rajarshi , Real Belen , Marinou Kyriakoula , Karpe Fredrik , Fielding Barbara A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe menopause is accompanied by increased risk of obesity, altered body fat distribution and decreased skeletal muscle mass. The resulting decrease in RMR should be accompanied by a compensatory change in energy balance to avoid weight gain. We aimed to investigate habitual energy intake and expenditure in pre- and postmenopausal women matched for abdominal obesity. We recruited fifty-one healthy Caucasian women, BMI > 18·5 and <35 kg/m2, aged 35–45 years (premenopausal, n 26) and 55–65 years (postmenopausal, n 25). Energy intake was measured using 3 d diet diaries and dietary fat quality assessed using adipose tissue fatty acid biomarkers. RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry, and total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure using a combined accelerometer and heart rate monitor. Postmenopausal women had lower RMR and TEE and spent significantly less time undertaking moderate exercise than premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women had a tendency for a lower energy intake, and a similar macronutrient intake but a significantly lower adipose tissue n-6:n-3 ratio (24·6 (se 1·6) v. 37·7 (se 3·1); P < 0·001). The main lifestyle determinant of bone mineral density (which was significantly lower in postmenopausal women) was TEE for premenopausal women, and dietary n-6:n-3 ratio for postmenopausal women. The present results suggest that weight maintenance is achieved in the post- compared with premenopausal status through a combination of reduced energy intake and reduced TEE in a regimen that compromises micronutrient intake and has a negative impact on lean tissue mass. However, lower n-6:n-3 fatty acid intake in postmenopausal women is associated with greater bone mineral density.
Experimental infection byHaemonchus contortusin lambs: influence of disease on purine levels in serum
Authors: GRESSLER LUCAS T. , DA SILVA ALEKSANDRO S. , OLIVEIRA CAMILA B. , SCHAFER ANDRESSA S. , AIRES ADELINA R. , ROCHA JOSÉ F. X. , TONIN ALEXANDRE A. , SCHIRMBECK GABRIEL H. , CASALI EMERSON A. , LOPES SONIA T. A. , LEAL MARTA L. R. , MONTEIRO SILVIA G. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to evaluate the purine levels of lambs experimentally infected withHaemonchus contortus. A total of 12 healthy lambs were divided into two groups, composed of 6 animals each: Group A represented the healthy animals (uninfected), while in Group B the animals were infected with 15 000 larvae ofH. contortus. Blood was drawn on days 15, 45 and 75 post-infection (PI) in order to perform the purine analysis (ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid) by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in serum. On day 15 PI a significant (P<0·05) increase in the levels of ATP and inosine was observed in the infected animals, unlike the levels of ADP, adenosine, xanthine and uric acid which were reduced. On day 45 PI a significant (P<0·05) increase in the ATP and xanthine levels in infected animals was observed, contrasting with reduced levels of ADP and uric acid. Finally, on day 75 PI an increase occurred in the levels of ATP, adenosine and hypoxanthine in infected lambs, concomitant with a reduction in the levels of ADP and uric acid (P<0·05). These changes in purine levels may influence the inflammatory process and the pathological events.
Could Captain Scott have been saved? Cecil Meares and the ‘second journey’ that failed
Authors: May Karen , Airriess Sarah 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis is a follow-up to the article ‘Could Captain Scott have been saved? Revisiting Scott's last expedition’, published in this journal in January 2012. Additional research in the expedition's primary documents reveals that there was a clear opportunity for One Ton depot to have been re-stocked with dog food in January 1912, preparatory to the final relief journey to meet the polar party that February, and that the dog driver Cecil Meares failed to follow Scott's relevant orders. The consequences will be examined in this article. All distances are given in geographical miles.
The evidence for clonal spreading of quinolone resistance with a particular clonal complex ofCampylobacter jejuni
Authors: KOVAČ J. , ČADEŽ N. , LUŠICKY M. , NIELSEN E. MØLLER , OCEPEK M. , RASPOR P. , MOŽINA S. SMOLE 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYCampylobacteris the most prevalent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and it represents a significant public health risk of increasing severity due to its escalating resistance to clinically important quinolone and macrolide antibiotics. As a zoonotic pathogenCampylobacteris transmitted along the food chain and naturally cycles from environmental waters, feedstuff, animals and food to humans. We determined antibiotic resistance profiles, as well as multilocus sequence types andflaA-SVR types for 52C. jejuniisolated in Slovenia from human, animal, raw and cured chicken meat and water samples. Twenty-eight different sequence types, arranged in ten clonal complexes, three new allele types and five new sequence types were identified, indicating the relatively high diversity in a small group of strains. The assignment of strains from different sources to the same clonal complexes indicates their transmission along the food supply chain. The most prevalent clonal complex was CC21, which was also the genetic group with 95% of quinolone-resistant strains. Based on the genetic relatedness of these quinolone-resistant strains identified by polymerase chain reaction with a mismatch amplification mutation assay and sequencing of the quinolone resistance-determining region of thegyrAgene, we conclude that the high resistance prevalence observed indicates the local clonal spread of quinolone resistance with CC21.
Seed mass, germination and seedling traits for some central Argentinian cacti
Authors: Pivatto María Sosa , Funes Guillermo , Ferreras Ana E. , Gurvich Diego E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSeed size is one of the most important traits in the regenerative phase of a plant's life cycle; however, for cactus species the relationship of seed size and germination characteristics and seedling traits is still unclear. We studied the relationship between seed mass and germination and seedling characteristics in 17 cactus species from central Argentina, belonging to different genera and life forms. We measured seed mass, total seed germination, light requirements for germination and mean time to germination for these 17 cacti species; in addition, we recorded seedling size and shape in 15 species. To test light requirements we performed germination experiments under laboratory conditions at 25/15°C (day/night temperatures) and under light or dark conditions. We also calculated seedling volume by measuring seedling height and width. A shape index was obtained by dividing height by width (a value of 1 indicates ‘globose’ seedlings, whereas, as this value increases, seedlings become ‘columnar’). We found no significant relationship between seed mass and any of the germination characteristics considered. However, species with heavier seeds produced bigger seedlings, which were more cylindrical. Adult growth was not totally determined by seedling ‘growth form’, because some species that had globose seedlings were columnar at the adult stage.
Two imbibition properties independently influence the cultivar-specific flooding tolerance of dried soybean seeds
Authors: Jitsuyama Yutaka , Hagihara Yuma , Konno Yutaro 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSoybean seeds are prone to flooding injury just after planting if they are exposed to excess moisture. We investigated the flooding tolerance of soybean seeds to clarify the relationship between flooding injury and imbibition, to identify factors that could provide fundamental information for the breeding of flooding-tolerant cultivars. Seven cultivars were used for this study. The seeds were geminated in a paper towel after a flooding treatment and then evaluated for survival. The imbibition of submerged seeds (passive imbibition) was evaluated as the seed fresh weight change during the flooding process. The imbibition of seeds with capillary effect (capillary imbibition) was measured by the bottom water supply method. Furthermore, the conductivity of the seed coat and seed osmolarity were measured. After 3 h of flooding, significant differences in survival were detected among cultivars. In addition, the passive imbibition during 10–30 min of flooding, and the capillary imbibition during 0–10 min of flooding were caused by significant differences in the imbibition rate among cultivars. Although neither imbibition showed a significant correlation with the survival directly, the ratio between the passive and the capillary imbibition rate was significantly correlated with survival. Factors affecting imbibition included the hydraulic conductivity of the seed coat and seed osmolarity, which were significantly correlated with the passive and the capillary imbibition rate, respectively. Thus, the balance between the capillary and passive imbibition behaviour of seeds, affected by the hydraulic conductivity of the seed coat and seed osmolarity, was closely correlated with the occurrence of flooding injury in soybean seeds.
Activation and regulation of primary metabolism during seed germination
Authors: Rosental Leah , Nonogaki Hiroyuki , Fait Aaron 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSeed germination is regulated in a concerted manner that involves generating growth potential in the embryo to overcome the mechanical resistance of the endosperm. The wake-up call of a dry seed includes the reorganization of subcellular structures and the reactivation of metabolism in a dense, oxygen-poor environment. Pools of unbound metabolites and solutes produced by the degradation of storage reserves, including starch, proteins and oils, in the embryo can contribute to the generation of the embryo growth potential and radicle protrusion. Recent genomics studies have contributed a vast amount of data on protein, metabolite and gene transcript profiles during germination, which can be integrated to explore the seed metabolism from water imbibition to radicle protrusion. To what extent are free pools of metabolites relevant to the reorganization of seed metabolism? How is energy built to support embryo growth and radicle protrusion? Elucidating these fundamental questions in seed biology is the key to the understanding of the germination process. Here we have attempted to summarize the recent scientific knowledge to provide a comprehensive description of the ignition, reassembling and regulation of metabolism during seed germination.
Biochemical changes associated with gibberellic acid-like activity of smoke-water, karrikinolide and vermicompost leachate during seedling development ofPhaseolus vulgarisL.
Authors: Singh Satendra , Kulkarni Manoj G. , Van Staden Johannes 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSmoke-water (SW), karrikinolide (KAR1) and vermicompost leachate (VCL) have been reported to possess gibberellic acid-like activity. The effects of these plant growth-promoting substances (PGPSs) on biochemical changes occurring during seed germination ofPhaseolus vulgariswere assessed. Seeds were incubated/germinated under dark conditions in water (control) or with different concentrations of SW, KAR1, VCL and gibberellic acid (GA3) for 7 d. The maximum seedling fresh weight (1.863 g) was recorded for the SW (1:750 v/v) treatment. The longest seedling axes (9.9 cm) and the highest number of adventitious roots (16.3) were recorded for VCL-treated seedlings (1:10 and 1:5 v/v, respectively). Analysis of two important hydrolytic enzymes, acid phosphatase and alpha-amylase, showed maximum activity [1856 nkat mg− 1and 3.225 mg min− 1(g FW)− 1, respectively] in the seeds incubated with 10− 8M KAR1. In all the treated seedlings, proline content was significantly reduced [43.67 μg (g FW)− 1; VCL (1:20 v/v)] in comparison to the control [87 μg (g FW)− 1] but there was an increase in amino acids with some concentrations of PGPSs. The tested PGPSs significantly influenced various biochemical parameters that play a significant role in seed germination and plant growth. This study indicates that PGPSs may act via stress-relieving biochemical pathways during seed germination.
Reaction Time Variability Associated with Reading Skills in Poor Readers with ADHD
Authors: Tamm Leanne , Epstein Jeffery N. , Denton Carolyn A. , Vaughn Aaron J. , Peugh James , Willcutt Erik G. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLinkages between neuropsychological functioning (i.e., response inhibition, processing speed, reaction time variability) and word reading have been documented among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and children with Reading Disorders. However, associations between neuropsychological functioning and other aspects of reading (i.e., fluency, comprehension) have not been well-documented among children with comorbid ADHD and Reading Disorder. Children with ADHD and poor word reading (i.e., ≤25th percentile) completed a stop signal task (SST) and tests of word reading, reading fluency, and reading comprehension. Multivariate multiple regression was conducted predicting the reading skills from SST variables [i.e., mean reaction time (MRT), reaction time standard deviation (SDRT), and stop signal reaction time (SSRT)]. SDRT predicted word reading, reading fluency, and reading comprehension. MRT and SSRT were not associated with any reading skill. After including word reading in models predicting reading fluency and reading comprehension, the effects of SDRT were minimized. Reaction time variability (i.e., SDRT) reflects impairments in information processing and failure to maintain executive control. The pattern of results from this study suggest SDRT exerts its effects on reading fluency and reading comprehension through its effect on word reading (i.e., decoding) and that this relation may be related to observed deficits in higher-level elements of reading. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–10)
The impact of inter-fraction set-up errors on the probability of pulmonary and cardiac complication in left-sided breast cancer patients
Authors: Chamunyonga Crispen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the impact of patient set-up errors on the probability of pulmonary and cardiac complications in the irradiation of left-sided breast cancer.Methods and materialsUsing the CMS XiO Version 4·6 radiotherapy planning system's normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) algorithm and the Lyman–Kutcher–Burman model, we calculated the dose–volume histograms (DVH) indices for the ipsilateral lung and heart and the resultant NTCP for radiation-induced pneumonitis and excess cardiac mortality in 12 left-sided breast cancer patients.ResultsIsocentric shifts in the posterior direction had the greatest effect on the lung V20, heart V25, and mean and maximum doses to the lung and the heart. DVH results show that the ipsilateral lung V20 tolerance was exceeded in 58% of the patients after 1 cm posterior shifts. Similarly, the heart V25 tolerance was exceeded after 1 cm antero-posterior and left–right isocentric shifts in 70% of the patients. The baseline NTCPs for radiation-induced pneumonitis ranged from 0·73% to 3·4%, with a mean value of 1·7%. The maximum reported NTCP for radiation-induced pneumonitis was 5·8% (mean 2·6%) after 1 cm posterior isocentric shift. The NTCP for excess cardiac mortality were 0% in 100% of the patients (n = 12) before and after set-up error simulations.ConclusionsSet-up errors in left-sided breast cancer patients have a statistically significant impact on the Lung NTCPs and DVH indices. However, with a central lung distance of 3 cm or less (CLD < 3 cm), and a maximum heart distance of 1·5 cm or less (MHD < 1·5 cm), the treatment plans could tolerate set-up errors of up to 1 cm without any change in the NTCP to the heart.
Social support needs: Discordance between home hospice nurses and former family caregivers
Authors: Reblin Maija , Cloyes Kristin G. , Carpenter Joan , Berry Patricia H. , Clayton Margaret F. , Ellington Lee 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjective:The two goals of our study were to (1) identify which of five types of social support (Informational, Esteem, Emotional, Tangible, Belonging) are most cited by hospice nurses and family caregivers and (2) determine the match in perception of support needs.Method:As part of a larger multiphase project, focus groups were conducted with former family caregivers and hospice nurses to discuss their experiences of home hospice care and to gather their opinions on the important issues involved in that care. Transcripts of focus group discussions were coded for support type (Informational, Esteem, Emotional, Tangible, Belonging) based on definitions from the literature. Nurse and caregiver data were compared to assess for potential match.Results:Analysis of coded data suggested that nurses see different types of support to be needed in equal measure across their caseloads, while caregivers expressed priorities for some types of support. Illustrative examples of each type of support are provided and discussed.Significance of Results:Because matching support provided with the type of support desired has been linked to improved physical and psychological outcomes, it is important to focus on this match in healthcare populations particularly vulnerable to psychological stress, including family caregivers of home hospice patients. This research has implications for interventions to match support provision to caregiver needs, or for education for home hospice providers to ensure that they are not only sensitive to the possibility of a broad range of needs but also to the necessity to tailor care to those needs.
The Relationship Between Mathematics and Language: Academic Implications for Children With Specific Language Impairment and English Language Learners
Authors: Alt Mary , Arizmendi Genesis D. , Beal Carole R. 
Published: February 2014

PurposeThe present study examined the relationship between mathematics and language to better understand the nature of the deficit and the academic implications associated with specific language impairment (SLI) and academic implications for English language learners (ELLs).MethodSchool-age children (N= 61; 20 SLI, 20 ELL, 21 native monolingual English [NE]) were assessed using a norm-referenced mathematics instrument and 3 experimental computer-based mathematics games that varied in language demands. Group means were compared with analyses of variance.ResultsThe ELL group was less accurate than the NE group only when tasks were language heavy. In contrast, the group with SLI was less accurate than the groups with NE and ELLs on language-heavy tasks and some language-light tasks. Specifically, the group with SLI was less accurate on tasks that involved comparing numerical symbols and using visual working memory for patterns. However, there were no group differences between children with SLI and peers without SLI on language-light mathematics tasks that involved visual working memory for numerical symbols.ConclusionMathematical difficulties of children who are ELLs appear to be related to the language demands of mathematics tasks. In contrast, children with SLI appear to have difficulty with mathematics tasks because of linguistic as well as nonlinguistic processing constraints.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170279
Resonant excitation of disk oscillations in deformed disks. VII. Stability criterion in MHD systems
Authors: Kato Shoji 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In a disk with an oscillatory deformation from an axisymmetric state with frequency ωD and azimuthal wavenumber mD, two normal mode oscillations with a set of frequency and azimuthal wavenumber being (ω1, m1) and (ω2, m2) are resonantly coupled to each other through the disk deformation when the resonant conditions (ω1 + ω2 + ωD = 0 and m1 + m2 + mD = 0) are satisfied. In the case of hydrodynamical disks, the resonance amplifies the set of the oscillations if (E1/ω1)(E2/ω2) &gt; 0 (Kato 2013b, PASJ, 65, 75), where E1 and E2 are wave energies of the two oscillations with ω1 and ω2, respectively. In this paper we show that this instability criterion is still valid even when the oscillations are ideal MHD ones in magnetized disks, if the displacements associated with the oscillations vanish on the boundary of the system.
Percutaneous Tracheostomy Can be Safely Performed in Patients with Uncorrected Coagulopathy after Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Takahashi Mitsuko , Itagaki Shinobu , Laskaris Jessica , Filsoufi Farzan , Reddy Ramachandra C. 
Published: February 2014

Objective It is a common situation after cardiothoracic surgery that a tracheostomy is required for patients who are coagulopathic or on therapeutic anticoagulation. We present our results of percutaneous tracheostomy with uncorrected coagulopathy. Methods Between 2007 and 2012, a total of 149 patients in our Cardiothoracic Surgical Intensive Care Unit underwent percutaneous tracheostomy using the Ciaglia Blue Rhino system (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN USA). The patients were divided into coagulopathic (platelets, ≤50,000; international normalized ratio of prothrombin time, ≥1.5; and/or partial thromboplastin time, ≥50) and noncoagulopathic groups. Coagulopathy, if present before percutaneous tracheostomy, was not routinely corrected. Results A total of 75 patients (49%) were coagulopathic. Twenty-one patients (14%) had two or more criteria. The coagulopathic patients had a lower platelet count [108 (106) vs 193 (111) (thousands), P < 0.001], with the lowest of 10; higher international normalized ratio of prothrombin time [1.7 (0.6) vs 1.2 (0.1), P < 0.001], with the highest of 5.3; longer partial thromboplastin time [40 (13) vs 33 (7) seconds, P < 0.001], with the longest of 85; and higher total bilirubin [4.6 (7.3) vs 1.9 (3.3) mg/dL, P = 0.005]. Patient demographics and comorbidities were comparable between the groups. No patients had overt bleeding. One coagulopathic patient (1.3%) had clinical oozing treated with packing, as opposed to zero in the noncoagulopathic patients ( P = 1.00). There were no patients with posttracheostomy mediastinitis or late tracheal stenosis. Conclusions Uncorrected coagulopathy and therapeutic anticoagulation did not increase bleeding risk for percutaneous tracheostomy in our cardiothoracic surgical patients.