bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viability of the lichenXanthoria elegansand its symbionts after 18 months of space exposure and simulated Mars conditions on the ISS
Authors: Brandt Annette , de Vera Jean-Pierre , Onofri Silvano , Ott Sieglinde 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe lichenXanthoria eleganshas been exposed to space conditions and simulated Mars-analogue conditions in the lichen and fungi experiment (LIFE) on the International Space Station (ISS). After several simulations and short space exposure experiments such as BIOPAN, this was the first long-term exposure of eukaryotic organisms to the hostile space conditions of the low Earth orbit (LEO). The biological samples were integrated in the EXPOSE-E facility and exposed for 1.5 years outside the ISS to the combined impact of insolation, ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation, cosmic radiation, temperatures and vacuum conditions of LEO space. Additionally, a subset ofX. eleganssamples was exposed to simulated Martian environmental conditions by applying Mars-analogue atmosphere and suitable solar radiation filters. After their return to Earth the viability of the lichen samples was ascertained by viability analysis of LIVE/DEAD staining and confocal laser-scanning microscopy, but also by analyses of chlorophyllafluorescence. According to the LIVE/DEAD staining results, the lichen photobiont showed an average viability rate of 71%, whereas the even more resistant lichen mycobiont showed a rate of 84%. Post-exposure viability rates did not significantly vary among the applied exposure conditions. This remarkable viability is discussed in the context of particular protective mechanisms of lichens such as anhydrobiosis and UV-screening pigments.
A mid-infrared exploration of the dusty environments of active galactic nuclei
Authors: Alonso-Herrero Almudena 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present the first results from a mid-infrared survey of local Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) using the CanariCam (CC) instrument on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). We are obtaining sub-arcsecond angular resolution (0.3 − 0.6 arcsec) mid-IR imaging and spectroscopic observations of a sample of 100 local AGN, which are complemented with data taken with T-ReCS, VISIR, and Michelle. The full sample contains approximately 140 AGN, covers nearly six orders of magnitude in AGN luminosity, and includes low-luminosity AGN (LLAGN), Seyfert 1s and 2s, QSO, radio galaxies, and (U)LIRGs. The main goals of this project are: (1) to test whether the properties of the dusty tori of the AGN Unified Model depend on the AGN type, (2) to study the nuclear star formation activity and obscuration of local AGN, and (3) to explore the role of the dusty torus in LLAGN.
The AGN content of deep radio surveys and radio emission in radio-quiet AGN. Why every astronomer should care about deep radio fields
Authors: Padovani P. , Bonzini M. , Miller N. , Kellermann K. I. , Mainieri V. , Rosati P. , Tozzi P. , Vattakunnel S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present our very recent results on the sub-mJy radio source populations at 1.4 GHz based on the Extended Chandra Deep Field South VLA survey, which reaches ~ 30 μJy, with details on their number counts, evolution, and luminosity functions. The sub-mJy radio sky turns out to be a complex mix of star-forming galaxies and radio-quiet AGN evolving at a similar, strong rate and declining radio-loud AGN. While the well-known flattening of the radio number counts below 1 mJy is mostly due to star-forming galaxies, these sources and AGN make up an approximately equal fraction of the sub-mJy sky. Our results shed also light on a fifty-year-old issue, namely radio emission from radio-quiet AGN, and suggest that it is closely related to star formation, at least at z ~ 1.5 − 2. The implications of our findings for future, deeper radio surveys, including those with the Square Kilometre Array, are also discussed. One of the main messages, especially to non-radio astronomers, is that radio surveys are reaching such faint limits that, while previously they were mainly useful for radio quasars and radio galaxies, they are now detecting mostly star-forming galaxies and radio-quiet AGN, i.e., the bulk of the extragalactic sources studied in the infrared, optical, and X-ray bands.
Obscured quasars at redshift z ~ 2
Authors: Del Moro Agnese , Alexander D. , Bauer F. , Daddi E. , Pannella M. , Harrison F. , Mullaney J. , Pope A. , Dickinson M. , Elbaz D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCompleting the census of AGN in the Universe is the key to understanding the cosmic evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBH) and galaxies, and to resolving the spectrum of the X-ray background (XRB). However, a large population of AGN, especially the heavily obscured, Compton-thick AGN, are still missing from even the deepest X-ray surveys. The infrared spectra energy distribution (SED) of distant star-forming galaxies can reveal the presence of bright AGN activity. Using some of the deepest infrared, X-ray and radio data available in the GOODS fields, we identify a population of infrared bright quasars at redshift z ~ 2, which are often missed in the X-ray band. Amongst these sources the number of obscured and heavily-obscured quasars is much higher than those previously found in several X-ray and optical selected samples. A unique view on these heavily-obscured quasars is now given at high energies by NuSTAR. I will present the first NuSTAR detection of a heavily obscured quasar at z 2. This source is a potential archetype of the heavily-obscured high-z AGN in which most of the black hole growth is happening, that can explain the mysterious missing fraction of the XRB.
Optical polarization of gamma-ray bright blazars
Authors: Blinov Dmitry , Angelakis E. , Balokovic M. , Fuhrmann L. , Hovatta T. , Katarzyski K. , Khodade P. , King O. , Kus A. , Kylafis N. , Myserlis I. , Panopoulou G. , Papadakis I. , Papamastorakis I. , Pavlidou V. , Pazderska B. , Pazderski E. , Pearson T. , Rajarshi C. , Ramaprakash A. , Readhead A. , Reig P. , Rouneq R. , Tassis K. , Zensus A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe report about first results of the RoboPol project. RoboPol is a large-sample, high-cadence, polarimetric monitoring program of blazars in optical wavelengths, using a camera specifically constructed for this project, mounted at the University of Crete's Skinakas Observatory 1.3 m telescope. The analysis of RoboPol data is conducted in conjunction with Fermi LAT gamma-ray data, and multifrequency radio data from the OVRO (Caltech), F-GAMMA (MPIfR), and Torun (NCU) monitoring programs. Using carefully selected samples of gamma-ray bright and weak blazars we investigate a connection between their optical polarization behaviour and variability properties in gamma. We examine a relationship of gamma flares with polarization angle rotations relying on robust statistical criteria. We analyse also the optical polarization variability itself in order to establish some restrictions on physical models of blazars jets.
Halo Occupation Distribution of AGNs throught Numerical Simulations
Authors: Altamirano-Dévora Liliana , Miyaji Takamitsu , Aceves Héctor 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUsing a set of simulations in the ΛCDM cosmology, and the mass of intermediate X-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) dark matter halos (DMH), we study the Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) of their host DMH and compare with recent observations. We assume that intermediate X-Ray AGNs have been triggered by a major merger of sub-halos inside larger host halos. We find that the binary major merger HOD slope (α ≈ 0.8) do not seem to reproduce the observed HOD slope (α < 0.6) for these type of AGNs. Other mechanisms may be igniting these AGNs.
Hardening of the X-ray spectrum and signature of Fe abundance in Mrk 501 based on the filamentary jet model
Authors: Honda Yasuko S. , Honda Mitsuru 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe evaluate the synchrotron spectrum of Mrk 501 based on our filamentary jet model. Integrating the contribution from the magnetic fields induced by numerous current filaments with various transverse sizes, we reproduce the observed hardening of the spectrum around X-rays. It is found that the spectral change during 1997-1998 can be explained by the evolution of turbulence. We also propose that the observed dip around 80 keV is attributed to bound-free absorption by Fe atoms, which implies the abundance of heavy nuclei at the tip of the jet.
Coasean method: lessons from the farm
Authors: ALLEN DOUGLAS W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRonald Coase detested ‘blackboard economics’ and as a result was often criticized for being ‘against theory’. Coase has also been criticized for being overly descriptive in his institutional analysis. Here, I claim that Coase was both theoretical and interested in hypothesis testing. In order to do Coasean analysis, however, it is necessary to analyse a subject matter at the deep transaction level, given the definition of transaction costs. The rich level of detail required may give the impression of an absence of theory or testing. Here, I provide a number of real farm examples and contrast them with blackboard farm economics to make this point.
The Subjective Bases of Abortion Attitudes: A Cross National Comparison of Religious Traditions
Authors: Jelen Ted G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe subjective correlates of abortion attitudes for six different religious traditions (Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam). For all six groups, attitudes toward sexual morality exhibit the strongest relationship with abortion attitudes, followed by the effects of attitudes toward human life. Gender role attitudes are much less powerful predictors of abortion attitudes. Further, the multivariate models which explain abortion attitudes are remarkably similar across religious traditions, with inter-religious differences largely being attributable to differences in the marginal distributions of the independent variables.
DJ-1 interactions with α-synuclein attenuate aggregation and cellular toxicity in models of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zondler L , Miller-Fleming L , Repici M , Gonçalves S , Tenreiro S , Rosado-Ramos R , Betzer C , Straatman K R , Jensen P H , Giorgini F , Outeiro T F 
Published: July 2014

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy bodies in surviving neurons. These intracellular protein inclusions are primarily composed of misfoldedα-synuclein (aSyn), which has also been genetically linked to familial and sporadic forms of PD. DJ-1 is a small ubiquitously expressed protein implicated in several pathways associated with PD pathogenesis. Although mutations in the gene encoding DJ-1 lead to familial early-onset PD, the exact mechanisms responsible for its role in PD pathogenesis are still elusive. Previous work has found that DJ-1 – which has protein chaperone-like activity – modulates aSyn aggregation. Here, we investigated possible physical interactions between aSyn and DJ-1 and any consequent functional and pathological relevance. We found that DJ-1 interacts directly with aSyn monomers and oligomersin vitro, and that this also occurs in living cells. Notably, several PD-causing mutations in DJ-1 constrain this interaction. In addition, we found that overexpression of DJ-1 reduces aSyn dimerization, whereas mutant forms of DJ-1 impair this process. Finally, we found that human DJ-1 as well as yeast orthologs of DJ-1 reversed aSyn-dependent cellular toxicity inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Taken together, these data suggest that direct interactions between DJ-1 and aSyn constitute the basis for a neuroprotective mechanism and that familial mutations in DJ-1 may contribute to PD by disrupting these interactions.
Microbial degradation of isosaccharinic acid at high pH
Authors: Bassil Naji M , Bryan Nicholas , Lloyd Jonathan R 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Intermediate-level radioactive waste (ILW), which dominates the radioactive waste inventory in the United Kingdom on a volumetric basis, is proposed to be disposed of via a multibarrier deep geological disposal facility (GDF). ILW is a heterogeneous wasteform that contains substantial amounts of cellulosic material encased in concrete. Upon resaturation of the facility with groundwater, alkali conditions will dominate and will lead to the chemical degradation of cellulose, producing a substantial amount of organic co-contaminants, particularly isosaccharinic acid (ISA). ISA can form soluble complexes with radionuclides, thereby mobilising them and posing a potential threat to the surrounding environment or ‘far field’. Alkaliphilic microorganisms sampled from a legacy lime working site, which is an analogue for an ILW-GDF, were able to degrade ISA and couple this degradation to the reduction of electron acceptors that will dominate as the GDF progresses from an aerobic ‘open phase’ through nitrate- and Fe(III)-reducing conditions post closure. Furthermore, pyrosequencing analyses showed that bacterial diversity declined as the reduction potential of the electron acceptor decreased and that more specialised organisms dominated under anaerobic conditions. These results imply that the microbial attenuation of ISA and comparable organic complexants, initially present or formed in situ, may play a role in reducing the mobility of radionuclides from an ILW-GDF, facilitating the reduction of undue pessimism in the long-term performance assessment of such facilities.
Multi‐quantum well Ga(AsBi)/GaAs laser diodes with more than 6% of bismuth
Authors: Butkutė R. , Geižutis A. , Pačebutas V. , Čechavičius B. , Bukauskas V. , Kundrotas R. , Ludewig P. , Volz K. , Krotkus A. 
Published: July 2014

Single‐ and multi‐quantum well (QW) structures of Ga(AsBi)/GaAs with up to 10% Bi were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at 300–330°C substrate temperature. The photoluminesce measurements of QW structures demonstrated room temperature emission up to wavelengths of ∼1.43 μm. In the structures obtained using a combined growth approach – an active layer with three QWs with ∼6% Bi was grown by MBE, whereas (AlGa)As claddings were grown by the metal organic vapour phase epitaxy technique – room temperature lasing at 1060 nm was documented.
Monochromatic radiography of high energy density physics experiments on the MAGPIE generator
Authors: Hall G. N. , Burdiak G. C. , Suttle L. , Stuart N. H. , Swadling G. F. , Lebedev S. V. , Smith R. A. , Patankar S. , Suzuki-Vidal F. , de Grouchy P. , Harvey-Thompson A. J. , Bennett M. , Bland S. N. , Pickworth L. , Skidmore J. 
Published: July 2014

A monochromatic X-ray backlighter based on Bragg reflection from a spherically bent quartz crystal has been developed for the MAGPIE pulsed power generator at Imperial College (1.4 MA, 240 ns) [I. H. Mitchell et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 1533 (2005)]. This instrument has been used to diagnose high energy density physics experiments with 1.865 keV radiation (Silicon He-α) from a laser plasma source driven by a ∼7 J, 1 ns pulse from the Cerberus laser. The design of the diagnostic, its characterisation and performance, and initial results in which the instrument was used to radiograph a shock physics experiment on MAGPIE are discussed.
Asymmetrical hyperpolyglot potential in women? – Looking at linguistic chauvinism in the twenty-first century
Authors: Pandey Anjali 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article focuses on renditions of hyperglossia in a recently published popular linguistics text entitled Babel No More. The article aims to examine in detail the seemingly asymmetrical portrayal of female polyglot prowess relative to spotlighted male linguistic proficiency in the extensive diachronic and synchronic case studies presented in the text and presents historical evidence of female polyglot contributions – past and present – to fill a perceived gap in the proffered record in this widely circulating twenty-first-century text. The seeming contrast of awe for language accumulators versus doubt for actual multilingual competence in a book bearing the subtitle The Search for the World’s Most Extraordinary Language Learners it is argued needs discoursal scrutiny both for what is says and for its brilliant use of covert linguistic strategies to revive and reconstruct eighteenth-century accounts of global asymmetry in women’s cognitive potential 300 years later. By examining three brilliantly crafted critical discourse strategies of Underdefinition, Underreportage; and Selective Visualization, which author Erard employs to simultaneously and systematically “other,” marginalize and trivialize some multilingual speakers while privileging past and present male hyperpolyglots in particular regions of the world, we understand how global exhibitionism of power and cultural knowledge is both revived and sustained in a seemingly interconnected and deterritorialized world of “cosmopolitan” access in the twenty-first century. Eventually then, this article seeks to examine what we lose when we limit ourselves to agenda rather than the pursuit of actual historical and present-day truths with globally spanning rather than regionally oriented evidence. Indeed, the article prods readers to consider what we risk to lose in fields as esoteric as linguistics when current analyses fail to focus on 51% of the world’s population – women.
Multinational Retailers and Home Country Food Exports
Authors: Cheptea Angela , Emlinger Charlotte , Latouche Karine 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article questions whether food exports to a given national market are impacted by a domestic retailer opening in that market. To answer this question, we considered an empirical gravity‐type trade model. We tested our model with data on bilateral exports of food products sold in supermarkets (groceries) on a large panel of countries, as well as the foreign grocery sales of the world's 100 largest retail companies from 2001–2010. We found a strong positive effect of the overseas presence of retailers from a given country on its exports to those markets. This outcome is far from trivial since most products sold in retailers' foreign outlets are produced locally, and it also testifies to the fact that the presence of a country's retail companies overseas helps reduce export costs to these markets for other firms from the retailers' country of origin. On average, a 10% increase in retailers' sales in a foreign country leads to a 2.1%–2.5% increase in food exports to this destination. Our result is robust to different specifications, the use of different sets of instrumental variables, and econometric approaches. The effects on exported values and quantities are similar, implying that our finding is not induced by price or quality upgrading.
A new gravitational wave verification source
Authors: Kilic Mukremin , Brown Warren R. , Gianninas A. , Hermes J. J. , Allende Prieto Carlos , Kenyon S. J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We report the discovery of a detached 20-min orbital period binary white dwarf (WD). WD 0931+444 (SDSS J093506.93+441106.9) was previously classified as a WD + M dwarf system based on its optical spectrum. Our time-resolved optical spectroscopy observations obtained at the 8 m Gemini and 6.5 m MMT reveal peak-to-peak radial velocity variations of ≈400 km s−1 every 20 min for the WD, but no velocity variations for the M dwarf. In addition, high-speed photometry from the McDonald 2.1 m telescope shows no evidence of variability nor evidence of a reflection effect. An M dwarf companion is physically too large to fit into a 20 min orbit. Thus, the orbital motion of the WD is almost certainly due to an invisible WD companion. The M dwarf must be either an unrelated background object or the tertiary component of a hierarchical triple system. WD 0931+444 contains a pair of WDs, a 0.32 M⊙ primary and a ≥0.14 M⊙ secondary, at a separation of ≥0.19 R⊙. After J0651+2844, WD 0931+444 becomes the second shortest period detached binary WD currently known. The two WDs will lose angular momentum through gravitational wave radiation and merge in ≤9 Myr. The log h ≃ −22 gravitational wave strain from WD 0931+444 is strong enough to make it a verification source for gravitational wave missions in the milli-Hertz frequency range, e.g. the evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA), bringing the total number of known eLISA verification sources to nine.
Global absolute quantification reveals tight regulation of protein expression in single Xenopus eggs
Authors: Smits Arne H. , Lindeboom Rik G.H. , Perino Matteo , van Heeringen Simon J. , Veenstra Gert Jan C. , Vermeulen Michiel 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
While recent developments in genomic sequencing technology have enabled comprehensive transcriptome analyses of single cells, single cell proteomics has thus far been restricted to targeted studies. Here, we perform global absolute protein quantification of fertilized Xenopus laevis eggs using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, quantifying over 5800 proteins in the largest single cell proteome characterized to date. Absolute protein amounts in single eggs are highly consistent, thus indicating a tight regulation of global protein abundance. Protein copy numbers in single eggs range from tens of thousands to ten trillion copies per cell. Comparison between the single-cell proteome and transcriptome reveal poor expression correlation. Finally, we identify 439 proteins that significantly change in abundance during early embryogenesis. Downregulated proteins include ribosomal proteins and upregulated proteins include basal transcription factors, among others. Many of these proteins do not show regulation at the transcript level. Altogether, our data reveal that the transcriptome is a poor indicator of the proteome and that protein levels are tightly controlled in X. laevis eggs.
The bacterial antitoxin HipB establishes a ternary complex with operator DNA and phosphorylated toxin HipA to regulate bacterial persistence
Authors: Wen Yurong , Behiels Ester , Felix Jan , Elegheert Jonathan , Vergauwen Bjorn , Devreese Bart , Savvides Savvas N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNearly all bacteria exhibit a type of phenotypic growth described as persistence that is thought to underlie antibiotic tolerance and recalcitrant chronic infections. The chromosomally encoded high-persistence (Hip) toxin–antitoxin proteins HipASO and HipBSO from Shewanella oneidensis, a proteobacterium with unusual respiratory capacities, constitute a type II toxin–antitoxin protein module. Here we show that phosphorylated HipASO can engage in an unexpected ternary complex with HipBSO and double-stranded operator DNA that is distinct from the prototypical counterpart complex from Escherichia coli. The structure of HipBSO in complex with operator DNA reveals a flexible C-terminus that is sequestered by HipASO in the ternary complex, indicative of its role in binding HipASO to abolish its function in persistence. The structure of HipASO in complex with a non-hydrolyzable ATP analogue shows that HipASO autophosphorylation is coupled to an unusual conformational change of its phosphorylation loop. However, HipASO is unable to phosphorylate the translation factor Elongation factor Tu, contrary to previous reports, but in agreement with more recent findings. Our studies suggest that the phosphorylation state of HipA is an important factor in persistence and that the structural and mechanistic diversity of HipAB modules as regulatory factors in bacterial persistence is broader than previously thought.