bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing and validating the technical infrastructure of a novel tele-cystoscopy system
Authors: Hougen Helen Y , Lobo Jennifer M , Corey Thomas , Jones Randy , Rheuban Karen , Schenkman Noah S , Krupski Tracey L 
Published: October 2015

Introduction Bladder cancer is the most costly malignancy to manage per capita due to the technical nature and intensity of follow-up. There are few urologists in rural areas, often necessitating that patients travel hours to receive follow-up care multiple times per year. We plan to train registered nurses and allied health professionals to perform cystoscopies which are monitored and interpreted in real-time by board-certified urologists. The key is to ensure optimal picture resolution to guarantee this technology is not inferior to traditional cystoscopy. Our objective was to develop the technical infrastructure needed for a tele-cystoscopy system through assessment of the transmitted video quality using expert reviewers and crowd-sourcing. Methods All combinations of the tele-cystoscopy system were systematically tested using a single Thiel cadaver. The videos were reviewed by expert urologists and general reviewers using a crowd-sourcing website. The video quality responses were assessed to determine concordance between each set of reviewers, and to determine the optimal equipment that should be selected for the tele-cystoscopy system. Results Of eight equipment combinations, only two were of high enough quality to be appropriate for medical use. We found there to be strong concordance of responses between the expert and crowd-sourced responses. The trade-offs between cost and tele-cystoscopy system component quality were compared with efficiency frontiers to elucidate the optimal system. Discussion We created and tested the feasibility of a tele-cystoscopy system that was deemed suitable for medical diagnosis by a group of experts. We further validated tele-cystoscopy video quality using both experts and recently validated crowd-sourcing.
Stent-based thrombectomy versus intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischaemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Grech Reuben , Schembri Mark , Thornton John 
Published: October 2015

Purpose To date only a few studies have compared the effectiveness and functional outcomes of stent retrievers versus intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stoke. Our aim was to identify and collate all the available data and to assess for statistical differences in patient outcomes between the two treatments. Materials and methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies with a randomised controlled design which utilised stentrievers and intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke. Results Five randomised controlled studies published in 2015 were identified. Second-generation thrombectomy devices constituted at least 80% of thrombectomy devices in the included studies, namely MR CLEAN, ESCAPE, EXTEND-IA, SWIFT PRIME and REVASCAT. No significant heterogeneity was seen in the included studies and the five trials were therefore included in the meta-analysis. A total of 46.10% of patients treated with stentrievers achieved an independent functional outcome (mRS < 2) at 90 days compared with 26.46% of those treated with intravenous thrombolysis with an odds ratio of 2.40 ( p < 0.001). The weighted recanalisation mean in the thrombectomy arms was 76.02%. A lower mortality rate was observed with stentrievers compared to intravenous thrombolysis (15.33% vs 18.74%; OR 0.81, p = 0.15). Stentrievers were also associated with a lower risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (7.86% vs 8.64%; OR 1.02, p = 0.93). The differences in the secondary/safety outcomes were not statistically significant. Conclusion Stentrievers can achieve a high rate of recanalisation and functional independence in acute ischaemic stroke and have a relatively good safety profile. Our meta-analysis demonstrates a clear benefit of an intra-arterial mechanical approach vs standard treatment.
Engagement of the B-cell receptor of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells drives global and MYC-specific mRNA translation
Authors: Yeomans Alison , Thirdborough Stephen M. , Valle-Argos Beatriz , Linley Adam , Krysov Sergey , Hidalgo Marina Sanchez , Leonard Elodie , Ishfaq Muhammad , Wagner Simon D. , Willis Anne E. , Steele Andrew J. , Stevenson Freda K. , Forconi Francesco , Coldwell Mark J. , Packham Graham 
Published: October 2015

Key PointsBCR stimulation promotes mRNA translation in CLL cells, including of the oncoprotein, MYC, and is inhibited by ibrutinib or tamatinib. Differences in mechanisms of regulation of mRNA translation in CLL and normal blood B cells may highlight potential targets for therapy.
Inflammatory mediators in intra-abdominal sepsis or injury – a scoping review
Authors: Xiao Zhengwen , Wilson Crystal , Robertson Helen Lee , Roberts Derek J. , Ball Chad G. , Jenne Craig N. , Kirkpatrick Andrew W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionInflammatory and protein mediators (cytokine, chemokine, acute phase proteins) play an important, but still not completely understood, role in the morbidity and mortality of intra-abdominal sepsis/injury. We therefore systematically reviewed preclinical and clinical studies of mediators in intra-abdominal sepsis/injury in order to evaluate their ability to: (1) function as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers; (2) serve as therapeutic targets; and (3) illuminate the pathogenesis mechanisms of sepsis or injury-related organ dysfunction.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Two investigators independently reviewed all identified abstracts and selected articles for full-text review. We included original studies assessing mediators in intra-abdominal sepsis/injury.ResultsAmong 2437 citations, we selected 182 studies in the scoping review, including 79 preclinical and 103 clinical studies. Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein appear to be useful to rule out infection or monitor therapy; however, the diagnostic and prognostic value of mediators for complications/outcomes of sepsis or injury remains to be established. Peritoneal mediator levels are substantially higher than systemic levels after intra-abdominal infection/trauma. Common limitations of current studies included small sample sizes and lack of uniformity in study design and outcome measures. To date, targeted therapies against mediators remain experimental.ConclusionsWhereas preclinical data suggests mediators play a critical role in intra-abdominal sepsis or injury, there is no consensus on the clinical use of mediators in diagnosing or managing intra-abdominal sepsis or injury. Measurement of peritoneal mediators should be further investigated as a more sensitive determinant of intra-abdominal inflammatory response. High-quality clinical trials are needed to better understand the role of inflammatory mediators.
Aetiological overlap between obsessive–compulsive related and
anxiety disorder symptoms: Multivariate twin study
Authors: López-Solà Clara , Fontenelle Leonardo F. , Bui Minh , Hopper John L. , Pantelis Christos , Yücel Murat , Menchón José M. , Alonso Pino , Harrison Ben J. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThe aetiological boundary between obsessive–compulsive related disorders
(OCRDs) including obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety
disorders is unclear and continues to generate debate.AimsTo determine the genetic overlap and the pattern of causal relationships
among OCRDs and anxiety disorders.MethodMultivariate twin modelling methods and a new regression analysis to
infer causation were used, involving 2495 male and female twins.ResultsThe amount of common genetic liability observed for OCD symptoms was
higher when considering anxiety disorders and OCRDs in the model
v. modelling OCRD symptoms alone. OCD symptoms
emerged as risk factors for the presence of generalised anxiety, panic
and hoarding symptoms, whereas social phobia appeared as a risk factor
for OCD symptoms.ConclusionsOCD represents a complex phenotype that includes important shared
features with anxiety disorders and OCRDs. The novel patterns of risk
identified between OCD and anxiety disorder may help to explain their
frequent co-occurrence.
Embryonic Poly(A)-Binding Protein (EPAB) Is Required for Granulosa Cell EGF Signaling and Cumulus Expansion in Female Mice
Authors: Yang Cai-Rong , Lowther Katie M. , Lalioti Maria D. , Seli Emre 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEmbryonic poly(A)-binding protein (EPAB) is the predominant poly(A)-binding protein in Xenopus, mouse, and human oocytes and early embryos before zygotic genome activation. EPAB is required for translational activation of maternally stored mRNAs in the oocyte and Epab−/− female mice are infertile due to impaired oocyte maturation, cumulus expansion, and ovulation. The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanism of follicular somatic cell dysfunction in Epab−/− mice. Using a coculture system of oocytectomized cumulus oophorus complexes (OOXs) with denuded oocytes, we found that when wild-type OOXs were cocultured with Epab−/− oocytes, or when Epab−/− OOXs were cocultured with WT oocytes, cumulus expansion failed to occur in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF). This finding suggests that oocytes and cumulus cells (CCs) from Epab−/− mice fail to send and receive the necessary signals required for cumulus expansion. The abnormalities in Epab−/− CCs are not due to lower expression of the oocyte-derived factors growth differentiation factor 9 or bone morphogenetic protein 15, because Epab−/− oocytes express these proteins at comparable levels with WT. Epab−/− granulosa cells (GCs) exhibit decreased levels of phosphorylated MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase in response to lutenizing hormone and EGF treatment, as well as decreased phosphorylation of the EGF receptor. In conclusion, EPAB, which is oocyte specific, is required for the ability of CCs and GCs to become responsive to LH and EGF signaling. These results emphasize the importance of oocyte-somatic communication for GC and CC function.
Generation and analysis of knock-in mice carrying pseudohypoaldosteronism type II-causing mutations in the cullin 3 gene
Authors: Araki Yuya , Rai Tatemitsu , Sohara Eisei , Mori Takayasu , Inoue Yuichi , Isobe Kiyoshi , Kikuchi Eriko , Ohta Akihito , Sasaki Sei , Uchida Shinichi 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is a hereditary hypertensive disease caused by mutations in four different genes: with-no-lysine kinases (WNK) 1 and 4, Kelch-like family member 3 (KLHL3), and cullin 3 (Cul3). Cul3 and KLHL3 form an E3 ligase complex that ubiquitinates and reduces the expression level of WNK4. PHAII-causing mutations in WNK4 and KLHL3 impair WNK4 ubiquitination. However, the molecular pathogenesis of PHAII caused by Cul3 mutations is unclear. In cultured cells and human leukocytes, PHAII-causing Cul3 mutations result in the skipping of exon 9, producing mutant Cul3 protein lacking 57 amino acids. However, whether this phenomenon occurs in the kidneys and is responsible for the pathogenesis of PHAII in vivo is unknown. We generated knock-in mice carrying a mutation in the C-terminus of intron 8 of Cul3, c.1207−1G&gt;A, which corresponds to a PHAII-causing mutation in the human Cul3 gene. Heterozygous Cul3G(−1)A/+ knock-in mice did not exhibit PHAII phenotypes, and the skipping of exon 9 was not evident in their kidneys. However, the level of Cul3 mRNA expression in the kidneys of heterozygous knock-in mice was approximately half that of wild-type mice. Furthermore, homozygous knock-in mice were nonviable. It suggested that the mutant allele behaved like a knockout allele and did not produce Cul3 mRNA lacking exon 9. A reduction in Cul3 expression alone was not sufficient to develop PHAII in the knock-in mice. Our findings highlighted the pathogenic role of mutant Cul3 protein and provided insight to explain why PHAII-causing mutations in Cul3 cause kidney-predominant PHAII phenotypes.
Evolution of enlarged body size of coal tits Parus ater in geographic isolation from two larger competitors, the crested tit Parus cristatus and the willow tit Parus montanus, on six Scandinavian islands
Authors: Norberg R. Åke , Lindhe Norberg Ulla M. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Here, we report that on six widely separated Scandinavian islands, the coal tit Parus ater has evolved morphologically in the direction of two absent competitors, the crested tit P. cristatus and the willow tit P. montanus, to the effect that it is up to 10% larger in linear dimensions than conspecifics on the adjacent Swedish mainland, where all three species coexist. The large size is genetically determined, as ascertained by clutch exchange experiments between island and mainland nests. We conclude that the increased size of P. ater in places where it is geographically isolated from its larger congeners is the result of evolutionary adaptation, due ultimately to relaxed interspecific competition. On the islands, P. ater has evolved into a medium-sized generalist, with selection pressures likely governed by the following causal relationships. When competitors are lacking, P. ater takes over the foraging space of the absentees. The enlarged food base allows higher population densities, which intensifies intraspecific interference competition. This, in turn, selects for increased body size. When P. ater coexists with its larger congeners, it occupies peripheral foraging sites in trees, which requires excellent manoeuvrability and energy-expensive locomotion modes. Reduction of body size increases locomotor capacity for mechanical and aerodynamic reasons and lowers energy consumption, so small size is favoured in sympatry. But in geographic isolation, P. ater exploits the tree periphery less and the inner tree regions more, and it also adopts the easier locomotion modes of the absent species. Therefore, selection for manoeuvrability and a small body size is relaxed. The new selection regime shifts the balance between opposing selection forces towards a larger body size. We were able to test 11 alternative hypotheses and available evidence conclusively eliminates them all. As a result, here, evolution could be predicted regarding both direction and amount of change.
The mechanosensory lateral line is used to assess opponents and mediate aggressive behaviors during territorial interactions in an African cichlid fish
Authors: Butler Julie M. , Maruska Karen P. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTFish must integrate information from multiple sensory systems to mediate adaptive behaviors. Visual, acoustic and chemosensory cues provide contextual information during social interactions, but the role of mechanosensory signals detected by the lateral line system during aggressive behaviors is unknown. The aim of this study was first to characterize the lateral line system of the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni and second to determine the role of mechanoreception during agonistic interactions. The A. burtoni lateral line system is similar to that of many other cichlid fishes, containing lines of superficial neuromasts on the head, trunk and caudal fin, and narrow canals. Astatotilapia burtoni males defend their territories from other males using aggressive behaviors that we classified as non-contact or contact. By chemically and physically ablating the lateral line system prior to forced territorial interactions, we showed that the lateral line system is necessary for mutual assessment of opponents and the use of non-contact fight behaviors. Our data suggest that the lateral line system facilitates the use of non-contact assessment and fight behaviors as a protective mechanism against physical damage. In addition to a role in prey detection, the diversity of lateral line morphology in cichlids may have also enabled the expansion of their social behavioral repertoire. To our knowledge, this is the first study to implicate the lateral line system as a mode of social communication necessary for assessment during agonistic interactions.
Glucocorticoids inhibit shaft fracture healing but not metaphyseal bone regeneration under stable mechanical conditions
Authors: Sandberg O. H. , Aspenberg P. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives Healing in cancellous metaphyseal bone might be different from midshaft fracture healing due to different access to mesenchymal stem cells, and because metaphyseal bone often heals without a cartilaginous phase. Inflammation plays an important role in the healing of a shaft fracture, but if metaphyseal injury is different, it is important to clarify if the role of inflammation is also different. The biology of fracture healing is also influenced by the degree of mechanical stability. It is unclear if inflammation interacts with stability-related factors. Methods We investigated the role of inflammation in three different models: a metaphyseal screw pull-out, a shaft fracture with unstable nailing (IM-nail) and a stable external fixation (ExFix) model. For each, half of the animals received dexamethasone to reduce inflammation, and half received control injections. Mechanical and morphometric evaluation was used. Results As expected, dexamethasone had a strong inhibitory effect on the healing of unstable, but also stable, shaft fractures. In contrast, dexamethasone tended to increase the mechanical strength of metaphyseal bone regenerated under stable conditions. Conclusions It seems that dexamethasone has different effects on metaphyseal and diaphyseal bone healing. This could be explained by the different role of inflammation at different sites of injury. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:170–175.
Selective Laser Sintering – Binding Mechanism And Assistance In Medical Applications
Authors: Mierzejewska Ż. A. , Markowicz W. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Rapid prototyping technology (RP), based on designing and computer aided manufacturing, is widely used in traditional branches of industry. Due to its ability to accurately and precisely manufacture designed elements of various dimensions and complicated geometry, this technology is more and more frequently applied in the field of biomedical engineering. Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a universal RP technique, utilizing a laser beam to sinter powdered materials and create three-dimensional objects. Data for producing parts for tissue replacement come from medical imaging capabilities and digital presentation of test results. This paper presents the following: general classification of RP methods, the concept and methodology of performing laser sintering, sintering mechanisms, and the application of elements manufactured using this technology in biomedical engineering, particularly for the production of scaffolds used in tissue cultures, skeletal and dental prostheses in dental implantation, manufacturing of custom-made implants that are individually adjusted to the patient, and for production of training models on which a team of surgeons can train a surgical technique.
Cold Cracking Of Underwater Wet Welded S355G10+N High Strength Steel
Authors: Fydrych D. , Łabanowski J. , Tomków J. , Rogalski G. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Water as the welding environment determines some essential problems influencing steel weldability. Underwater welding of high strength steel joints causes increase susceptibility to cold cracking, which is an effect of much faster heat transfer from the weld area and presence of diffusible hydrogen causing increased metal fragility. The paper evaluates the susceptibility to cold cracking of the high strength S355G10+N steel used, among others, for ocean engineering and hydrotechnical structures, which require underwater welding. It has been found from the CTS test results that the investigated steel is susceptible to cold cracking in the wet welding process.
The prehistoric human impact on slope development at the archaeological site in Smólsk (Kuyavian Lakeland)
Authors: Kittel Piotr 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Periods of intense human impact on the relief and lithology of the area of the Smólsk site were recorded during geoarchaeological research accompanying archaeological field work. The phases of occupation of the area are known in detail from the results of the large-scale archaeological research of the site. The slope deposits with buried soils were recorded at the site area and researched in detail with the use of sedimentological, geochemical and micromorphological analyses. Beside geochronological deterioration, the chronology of the artefacts found in layers played an important role in the strict recognition of the age of deposits. The lower part of the studied slope cover is constituted by deluvium and the upper part by tillage diamicton. The origin and the development of the slope deposits are correlated with the phases of an intense prehistoric human impact as defined by the archaeological research. Four main phases of acceleration of slope processes were documented at the site and date to the Early Neolithic, the Middle Neolithic, the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age.
Novel antibacterial bioactive glass nanocomposite functionalized with tetracycline hydrochloride
Authors: Rivadeneira Josefina , Luz Gisela M. , Audisio M. Carina , Mano João F. , Gorustovich Alejandro A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo prevent the high frequency of wound infections, anti-bacterial agents can be loaded onto composites. In the present study, the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TC)was incorporated, for the first time, in collagen type I membranes coated with nano-sized SiO2-CaOP2O5 bioactive glass (n-BG) obtained by a sol-gel chemical route.Collagen membranes coated with n-BG were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) containing 0.25, 0.75 or 1.25 mg mL−1 of TC for 48 h at 37∘C following a coprecipitation method. The antibiotic was released in distilledwater at 37∘C for up to 72 h. The antibacterial activity of the composites was evaluated in vitro by the inhibition zone test and plate count method. Two different Staphylococcus aureus strains, S. aureus ATCC29213 and S. aureus ATCC25923, were exposed to the biomaterials. The results showed that the incorporation but not the release of TC was dependent on the initial concentration of TC in SBF. The biomaterials inhibited S. aureus growth, although the efficacy was similar for all the concentrations. The results allow us to conclude that the new composite could have potential in the prevention of wound infections.
Added value from European Territorial Co-operation: the impact of demographic change in the Alps on the young
Authors: Marot Naja , Gantar Damjana , Mali Barbara Černič 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The article sets demographic change in the Alps in the framework of European Territorial Cooperation programs. A statistical overview of selected regions in five Alpine countries serves as a basis for further policy analysis. The latter was undertaken to reveal how transnational projects tackle youth issues, including the difficulties within the labour and real estate markets that appeared to be the most problematic factors influencing (out) migration of the youth. While there is only a minor recognition of the young in current policymaking on supranational, regional and local levels, the analysis showed that the added value of transnational programs for mountain regions and localities can be recognized in the development of multi-stakeholder environments, creating and transferring new solutions for the labour market as well as empowering youth participation in policy processes. However, the extent to which these solutions might contribute to overcoming the challenges of demographic change because of transnational programs is limited by various factors. Among these are the precise governance framework, administrative capacity, and population figures.