bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal medication and herbal use and risk for hypospadias: data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2007
Authors: Lind Jennifer N. , Tinker Sarah C. , Broussard Cheryl S. , Reefhuis Jennita , Carmichael Suzan L. , Honein Margaret A. , Olney Richard S. , Parker Samantha E. , Werler Martha M. ,   for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate associations between maternal use of common medications and herbals during early pregnancy and risk for hypospadias in male infants.MethodsWe used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multi‐site, population‐based, case–control study. We analyzed data from 1537 infants with second‐degree or third‐degree isolated hypospadias and 4314 live‐born male control infants without major birth defects, with estimated dates of delivery from 1997 to 2007. Exposure was reported use of prescription or over‐the‐counter medications or herbal products, from 1 month before to 4 months after conception. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, previous live births, maternal subfertility, study site, and year.ResultsWe assessed 64 medication and 24 herbal components. Maternal uses of most components were not associated with an increased risk of hypospadias. A new associations was observed for venlafaxine (aOR 2.4; 95%CI 1.0, 6.0) [Correction made here after initial online publication.]. The previously reported association for clomiphene citrate was confirmed (aOR 1.9; 95%CI 1.2, 3.0). Numbers were relatively small for exposure to other specific patterns of fertility agents, but elevated aORs were observed for the most common of them.ConclusionsOverall, findings were reassuring that hypospadias is not associated with most medication components examined in this analysis. New associations will need to be confirmed in other studies. Increased risks for hypospadias associated with various fertility agents raise the possibility of confounding by underlying subfertility. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time until incident dementia among Medicare beneficiaries using centrally acting or non‐centrally acting ACE inhibitors
Authors: Hebert Paul L. , McBean Alexander Marshall , O'Connor Heidi , Frank Barbara , Good Charles , Maciejewski Matthew L. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundCentrally active (CA) angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are able to cross the blood–brain barrier. Small observational studies and mouse models suggest that use of CA versus non‐CA ACEIs is associated with a reduced incidence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).ObjectiveThe aim of this research was to assess the effect of CA versus non‐CA ACEI use on incident ADRD.DesignThis is a retrospective cohort study with a non‐equivalent control group.Setting and patientsThis study used a national random sample of Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in Part D with an ACEI prescription. A prevalent ACEI user cohort included beneficiaries (n = 107 179) with an ACEI prescription prior to 30 April 2007; beneficiaries without an ACEI prescription before this date were defined as incident ACEI users (n = 9840).MeasurementsThe main outcome was time until first diagnosis of ADRD in Medicare claims.ResultsThe unadjusted, propensity‐matched and instrumental variable analyses of both the prevalent and incident ACEI user cohorts consistently showed similar time until incident ADRD in those taking CA ACEIs compared with those who took non‐CA ACEIs.LimitationsThe limitations of this study include the use of observational data, relatively short follow‐up time and claims‐based measure of cognitive decline.ConclusionsIn this analysis of Medicare beneficiaries who were prevalent or incident users of ACEIs in 2007–2009, the use of CA ACEIs was unrelated to cognitive decline within 3 years of index prescription. Continued follow‐up of these patients and more sensitive measures of cognitive decline are necessary to determine whether a cognitive benefit of CA ACEIs is realized in the long term. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Current Scheme to Manage Migration between Europe and Cape Verde: Promoter of Development or Tool for Border Closure?
Authors: Pina‐Delgado José 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses cooperation between Europe and Cape Verde in the field of migration policy. Such cooperation fits into a broader trend that sees migrant‐receiving countries engage in agreements with sending states, in a way that is expected to bring together Western states' concerns with the control of migration and less‐developed countries' needs in terms of development aid and access to regular migration opportunities. The Republic of Cape Verde has signed and is negotiating several treaties and arrangements, especially with the European Union and its member states. A key factor here is Cape Verde's long‐standing reliance on emigration and the consequently problematic reduction of emigration opportunities in a world that is closing its borders to foreign (regular) workforce. A closer look at the cooperation dynamics between sending and receiving countries reveals, however, that management schemes are potentially biased in favour of developed countries, which would then use them to secure the cooperation of sending and/or transit countries to their own political objectives. The purpose of this paper is therefore to assess whether traditional emigration countries such as Cape Verde can reasonably expect such bilateral regimes of migration management to fit their interests or if this kind of cooperation will merely establish a basis for supporting European Union‐driven political agenda. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INITIAL MOTION AND BEDLOAD TRANSPORT DISTANCE DETERMINED BY PARTICLE TRACKING IN A LARGE REGULATED RIVER
Authors: May C. L. , Pryor B. S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTReservoir releases on large regulated rivers are increasingly being used to rejuvenate riverine habitat downstream of dams. Determining the effective flow level is complicated by the trade‐off between mobilizing bed particles and retaining coarse sediment in rivers with low sediment supply. This study determined mobilization and transport distance of bed particles using motion‐sensing radio transmitting particles that approximated the reach‐average D84 grain size. The distribution of shear stress at initial motion varied substantially between flood events, and suggests that the sequence of flood events and the history of under‐threshold flows may be an important determinant of bed strength and thus particle mobility. In addition, particle activity was greatest on the rising limb of each flood and was maximized at near bankfull flow. Travel distances did not vary between floods when scaled by transport event duration, and a negative exponential distribution was a good fit to the data. Results of this study provide important insight into individual particle movement, which can be used to inform flow releases and understand the effects of flood magnitude on particle mobility and transport. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Act as a Self‐Adjuvant for Ovalbumin Model Antigen in Mice
Authors: Mahony Donna , Cavallaro Antonino S. , Stahr Frances , Mahony Timothy J. , Qiao Shi Zhang , Mitter Neena 
Published: April 2013

AbstractImmunization to the model protein antigen ovalbumin (OVA) is investigated using MCM‐41 mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a novel vaccine delivery vehicle and adjuvant system in mice. The effects of amino surface functionalization and adsorption time on OVA adsorption to nanoparticles are assessed. Amino‐functionalized MCM‐41 (AM‐41) shows an effect on the amount of OVA binding, with 2.5‐fold increase in binding capacity (72 mg OVA/g AM‐41) compared to nonfunctionalized MCM‐41 (29 mg OVA/g MCM‐41). Immunization studies in mice with a 10 μg dose of OVA adsorbed to AM‐41 elicits both antibody and cell‐mediated immune responses following three subcutaneous injections. Immunizations at a lower 2 μg dose of OVA adsorbed to AM‐41 particles results in an antibody response but not cell‐mediated immunity. The level of antibody responses following immunization with nanoformulations containing either 2 μg or 10 μg of OVA are only slightly lower than that in mice which receive 50 μg OVA adjuvanted with QuilA, a crude mixture of saponins extracted from the bark of the Quillaja saponaria Molina tree. This is a significant result, since it demonstrates that AM‐41 nanoparticles are self‐adjuvanting and elicit immune responses at reduced antigen doses in vivo compared to a conventional delivery system. Importantly, there are no local or systemic negative effects in animals injected with AM‐41. Histopathological studies of a range of tissue organs show no changes in histopathology of the animals receiving nanoparticles over a six week period. These results establish the biocompatible MCM‐41 silica nanoparticles as a new method for vaccine delivery which incorporates a self‐adjuvant effect.
Selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 enhances glutamatergic synaptic plasticity and memory in mice
Authors: Uthayathas Subramaniam , Parameshwaran Kodeeswaran , Karuppagounder Senthilkumar S. , Ahuja Manuj , Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan , Suppiramaniam Vishnu 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPhosphodiesterases (PDEs) belong to a family of proteins that control metabolism of cyclic nucleotides. Targeting PDE5, for enhancing cellular function, is one of the therapeutic strategies for male erectile dysfunction. We have investigated whether in vivo inhibition of PDE5, which is expressed in several brain regions, will enhance memory and synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of healthy mice. We have found that acute administration of sildenafil, a specific PDE5 inhibitor, enhanced hippocampus‐dependent memory tasks. To elucidate the underlying mechanism in the memory enhancement, effects of sildenafil on long‐term potentiation (LTP) were measured. The level of LTP was significantly elevated, with concomitant increases in basal synaptic transmission, in mice treated with sildenafil (1 mg/kg/day) for 15 days compared to control mice. These results suggest that moderate PDE5 inhibition enhances memory by increasing synaptic plasticity and transmission in the hippocampus. Synapse 67:741–747, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Sigma‐ and Pi‐Bonded Metallaphosphacarboranes
Authors: McLellan Ross , Bailo Marta , Ellis David , Rosair Georgina M. , Welch Alan J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTwo new metallaphosphacarboranes have been synthesised from [7, 8‐nido‐CPB9H11]– by deprotonation followed by treatment with a metal fragment. Starting with [HNMe3][7, 8‐nido‐CPB9H11] deprotonation and reaction with a source of {(indenyl)Co}2+ affords the η‐bonded cobaltaphosphacarborane 3‐(η‐C9H7)‐3,1,2‐closo‐CoCPB9H10 (1) the first “half‐sandwich“ 3,1,2‐metallaphosphacarborane. The indenyl ligand conformation in 1 (cisoid between the indenyl bridgehead carbon atoms and cage heteroatoms, with the cage carbon atom lying below the indenyl C–C bond) reveals that the structural trans effect in a phosphacarborane ligand is weakest for carbon and therefore varies in the order B > P > C. Starting with [HNC5H11][7, 8‐nido‐CPB9H11] deprotonation and reaction with half an equivalent of [Ru(p‐cymene)Cl2]2 affords the σ‐bonded ruthenaphosphacarborane 8‐{Ru(p‐cymene)Cl(C5H11N)}‐7, 8‐nido‐CPB9H11 (2), the first example of a molecule with a phosphacarborane σ‐bonded to a metal to be crystallographically characterised.
Integration durch Sport – Ein quartiersbezogener Ansatz
Authors: Gieß-Stüber Petra , Tausch Berndt , Baumgartner Juliane 
Published: April 2013

Einleitung
Im Freizeit- und Breitensport werden humanitäre und wohlfahrtsorientierte sozialpolitische Ziele verfolgt, die eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Integration durch die Teilhabe am Sport anstreben. Gleichberechtigte Partizipation von Migranten ist jedoch nicht selbstverständlich. Soziale Integration ist ein komplexes Geschehen, das interkulturelle Kompetenz, aufsuchende pädagogische Arbeit und strukturelle Öffnung voraussetzt. Die Bedeutung stadtteilbezogener Intervention und gezielter pädagogischer Maßnahmen sowie deren Umsetzung werden anhand des Freiburger Mädchenfußballprojekts „kick for girls“ aufgezeigt.
Ultraviolet-driven white light generation from oxyfluoride glass co-doped with Tm3+-Tb3+-Eu3+
Authors: Kuznetsov A. S. , Nikitin A. , Tikhomirov V. K. , Shestakov M. V. , Moshchalkov V. V. 
Published: April 2013

Tm3+-Tb3+-Eu3+ co-doped oxyfluoride glasses, doped with about 3.0 mol. % TmF3, 0.25 mol. % TbF3, and 0.25 mol. % EuF3, have been prepared by melt quenching technique. Under excitation at commercial 365 nm, the rare-earth co-dopants are all directly excited and emit in the blue, green, and red, respectively, without appreciable energy transfer amongst the co-dopants. Tint of the white luminescence can be adjusted by changing the ratio of the co-dopants. Properties of the glass host promote excellent dissolution of the co-dopants and low non-radiative decay rate. The white emission at 365 nm excitation is suitable for light emitting diodes applications.
Human amnesia and the medial temporal lobe illuminated by neuropsychological and neurohistological findings for patient E.P.
Authors: Insausti Ricardo , Annese Jacopo , Amaral David G. , Squire Larry R. 
Published: April 2013

Significance
Patient E.P. developed profound amnesia from encephalitis and then was studied for 14 years before his death in 2008. He had no capacity for acquiring new knowledge about facts and events and had retrograde amnesia covering several decades. This report presents detailed neurohistological findings for this case and relates these findings to his neuropsychological data. The damage included all the structures of the medial temporal lobe bilaterally. In addition, the lateral temporal cortex was shrunken and gliotic. The findings illuminate a number of issues about memory, perception, and cognition and about the functions of medial and lateral temporal lobe.
A novel web server predicts amino acid residue protection against hydrogen–deuterium exchange
Authors: Lobanov Mikhail Yu. , Suvorina Masha Yu. , Dovidchenko Nikita V. , Sokolovskiy Igor V. , Surin Alexey K. , Galzitskaya Oxana V. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Motivation: To clarify the relationship between structural elements and polypeptide chain mobility, a set of statistical analyses of structures is necessary. Because at present proteins with determined spatial structures are much less numerous than those with amino acid sequence known, it is important to be able to predict the extent of proton protection from hydrogen–deuterium (HD) exchange basing solely on the protein primary structure.
Results: Here we present a novel web server aimed to predict the degree of amino acid residue protection against HD exchange solely from the primary structure of the protein chain under study. On the basis of the amino acid sequence, the presented server offers the following three possibilities (predictors) for user’s choice. First, prediction of the number of contacts occurring in this protein, which is shown to be helpful in estimating the number of protons protected against HD exchange (sensitivity 0.71). Second, probability of H-bonding in this protein, which is useful for finding the number of unprotected protons (specificity 0.71). The last is the use of an artificial predictor. Also, we report on mass spectrometry analysis of HD exchange that has been first applied to free amino acids. Its results showed a good agreement with theoretical data (number of protons) for 10 globular proteins (correlation coefficient 0.73). We pioneered in compiling two datasets of experimental HD exchange data for 35 proteins.
Availability: The H-Protection server is available for users at http://bioinfo.protres.ru/ogp/
Contact: ogalzit@vega.protres.ru
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A support vector machine for identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms from next-generation sequencing data
Authors: O’Fallon Brendan D. , Wooderchak-Donahue Whitney , Crockett David K. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Accurate determination of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from next-generation sequencing data is a significant challenge facing bioinformatics researchers. Most current methods use mechanistic models that assume nucleotides aligning to a given reference position are sampled from a binomial distribution. While such methods are sensitive, they are often unable to discriminate errors resulting from misaligned reads, sequencing errors or platform artifacts from true variants.
Results: To enable more accurate SNP calling, we developed an algorithm that uses a trained support vector machine (SVM) to determine variants from .BAM or .SAM formatted alignments of sequence reads. Our SVM-based implementation determines SNPs with significantly greater sensitivity and specificity than alternative platforms, including the UnifiedGenotyper included with the Genome Analysis Toolkit, samtools and FreeBayes. In addition, the quality scores produced by our implementation more accurately reflect the likelihood that a variant is real when compared with those produced by the Genome Analysis Toolkit. While results depend on the model used, the implementation includes tools to easily build new models and refine existing models with additional training data.
Availability: Source code and executables are available from github.com/brendanofallon/SNPSVM/
Contact: brendan.d.ofallon@aruplab.com or david.crockett@aruplab.com
Sharing and executing linked data queries in a collaborative environment
Authors: García Godoy María Jesús , López-Camacho Esteban , Navas-Delgado Ismael , Aldana-Montes José F. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Life Sciences have emerged as a key domain in the Linked Data community because of the diversity of data semantics and formats available through a great variety of databases and web technologies. Thus, it has been used as the perfect domain for applications in the web of data. Unfortunately, bioinformaticians are not exploiting the full potential of this already available technology, and experts in Life Sciences have real problems to discover, understand and devise how to take advantage of these interlinked (integrated) data.
Results: In this article, we present Bioqueries, a wiki-based portal that is aimed at community building around biological Linked Data. This tool has been designed to aid bioinformaticians in developing SPARQL queries to access biological databases exposed as Linked Data, and also to help biologists gain a deeper insight into the potential use of this technology. This public space offers several services and a collaborative infrastructure to stimulate the consumption of biological Linked Data and, therefore, contribute to implementing the benefits of the web of data in this domain. Bioqueries currently contains 215 query entries grouped by database and theme, 230 registered users and 44 end points that contain biological Resource Description Framework information.
Availability: The Bioqueries portal is freely accessible at http://bioqueries.uma.es.
Contact: jfam@lcc.uma.es
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Learning agility: the “X” factor in identifying and developing future leaders
Authors: Swisher Vicki 
Published: April 2013

PurposeLeaders of the future need to be better than the leaders they replace because the challenges are greater, the speed faster, the competition tougher, and the marketplace increasingly global. In short, the leaders of today and tomorrow must be agile leaders. They must be resourceful in the face of change, and above all, able to learn from experience. People with this ability perform well under first‐time, challenging conditions. This paper seeks to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachIn a climate of challenging external forces, market conditions, and internal challenges – the question has to be asked: Who will lead? Who will shepherd the organization into the future, navigate the external pressures, effectively manage the increasing complexity, and ultimately guide the organization to win in the market? When thinking about leading the organization into the future, depth of expertise will certainly remain important. But to effectively navigate the uncertainties and growing complexity, and manage dilemmas effectively, people are needed who can tackle the new, the first‐time, the unknown – and with positive results. These are the people that can take on more broad roles and responsibilities.FindingsTwo major streams of research have studied what behaviors lead to executive success and, conversely, what causes an executive's career to derail. A common theme in the research was the extent to which the executives sought out diverse experiences and amassed multiple, repeatable lessons from them. Those lessons manifested as varied and expansive ways of looking at problems, and coming up with creative solutions.Originality/valueLearning agility is much more than an abstract concept. It is a set of behaviors or competencies that can be observed and assessed. And, importantly, because it is behavior‐based, learning agility can be developed. Unlike a measure such as IQ, learning agility is not static and a motivated person can increase his or her learning agility. With learning agility, a person can better differentiate talent and develop it in a way that will fit personal career aspirations and benefit the organization as a whole. And, ultimately, ensure there is the right leadership that can adapt to change, address the unexpected and motivate and inspire those around them.