bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral revascularization and carotid artery resection at the skull base for treatment of advanced head and neck malignancies
Authors: Kalani M. Yashar S. , Kalb Samuel , Martirosyan Nikolay L. , Lettieri Salvatore C. , Spetzler Robert F. , Porter Randall W. , Feiz-Erfan Iman 
Published: October 2012

Object
Resection of cancer and the involved artery in the neck has been applied with some success, but the indications for such an aggressive approach at the skull base are less well defined. The authors therefore evaluated the outcomes of advanced skull base malignancies in patients who were treated with bypass and resection of the internal carotid artery (ICA).

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients with advanced head and neck cancers who underwent ICA sacrifice with revascularization in which an extracranial-intracranial bypass was used between 1995 and 2010 at the Barrow Neurological Institute.

Results
Eighteen patients (11 male and 7 female patients; mean age 46 years, range 7–69 years) were identified. There were 4 sarcomas and 14 carcinomas that involved the ICA at the skull base. All patients underwent ICA sacrifice with revascularization. One patient died of a stroke after revascularization. A second patient died of the effects of a fistula between the oral and cranial cavities (surgery-related mortality rate 11.1%). Eight months after the operation, 1 patient developed occlusion of the bypass and died. Complications associated with the bypass surgery included 1 case of subdural hematoma (SDH) with blindness, 1 case of status epilepticus, and 1 case of asymptomatic bypass occlusion (bypass-related morbidity 16.7%). Complications associated with tumor resection included 3 cases of CSF leakage requiring repair and shunting, 1 case of hydrocephalus requiring shunting, 1 case of SDH, and 1 case of contralateral ICA injury requiring a bypass (tumor resection morbidity rate 33.3%). In 1 patient treated with adjuvant therapy before surgery, the authors identified only a radiation effect and no tumor on resection. In a second patient the bypass was occluded, and her tumor was not resected. The other 16 patients underwent gross-total resection of their tumor. Excluding the surgery-related deaths, the mean and median lengths of survival in this series were 13.2 and 8.3 months, respectively (range 1.5–48 months). Including the surgery-related deaths, the mean and median lengths of survival were 11.8 and 8 months, respectively (range 17 days–48 months). At last follow-up all patients had died of cancer or cancer-related causes.

Conclusions
Despite maximal surgical intervention, including ICA sacrifice at the skull base with revascularization, patient survival was dismal, and the complication rate was significant. The authors no longer advocate such an aggressive approach in this patient population. On rare occasions, however, such an approach may be considered for low-grade malignancies.
Preoperative assessment of meningioma stiffness using magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Murphy Matthew C. , Huston John , Glaser Kevin J. , Manduca Armando , Meyer Fredric B. , Lanzino Giuseppe , Morris Jonathan M. , Felmlee Joel P. , Ehman Richard L. 
Published: October 2012

Object
The object of this study was to determine the potential of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to preoperatively assess the stiffness of meningiomas.

Methods
Thirteen patients with meningiomas underwent 3D brain MRE examination to measure stiffness in the tumor as well as in surrounding brain tissue. Blinded to the MRE results, neurosurgeons made a qualitative assessment of tumor stiffness at the time of resection. The ability of MRE to predict the surgical assessment of stiffness was tested using a Spearman rank correlation.

Results
One case was excluded due to a small tumor size. In the remaining 12 cases, both tumor stiffness alone (p = 0.023) and the ratio of tumor stiffness to surrounding brain tissue stiffness (p = 0.0032) significantly correlated with the surgeons' qualitative assessment of tumor stiffness. Results of the MRE examination provided a stronger correlation with the surgical assessment of stiffness compared with traditional T1- and T2-weighted imaging (p = 0.089), particularly when considering meningiomas of intermediate stiffness.

Conclusions
In this cohort, preoperative MRE predicted tumor consistency at the time of surgery. Tumor stiffness as measured using MRE outperformed conventional MRI because tumor appearance on T1- and T2-weighted images could only accurately predict the softest and hardest meningiomas.
A stroke of silence: tinnitus suppression following placement of a deep brain stimulation electrode with infarction in area LC
Authors: Larson Paul S. , Cheung Steven W. 
Published: October 2012

The authors report on a case of tinnitus suppression following deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson disease. A perioperative focal vascular injury to area LC, a locus of the caudate at the junction of the head and body of the caudate nucleus, is believed to be the neuroanatomical correlate.
A 56-year-old woman underwent surgery for implantation of a DBS lead in the subthalamic nucleus to treat medically refractory motor symptoms. She had comorbid tinnitus localized to both ears. The lead trajectory was adjacent to area LC. Shortly after surgery, she reported tinnitus suppression in both ears. Postoperative MRI showed focal hyperintensity of area LC on T2-weighted images. At 18 months, tinnitus localized to the ipsilateral ear remained completely silenced, and tinnitus localized to the contralateral ear was substantially suppressed due to left area LC injury.
To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a discrete injury to area LC that resulted in bilateral tinnitus suppression. Clinicians treating patients with DBS may wish to include auditory phantom assessment as part of the neurological evaluation.
The effect of alpha-v integrin inhibition on the malignant characteristics of medulloblastoma
Authors: Thompson Eric M. , Whitney Nathaniel L. , Wu Y. Jeffrey , Neuwelt Edward A. 
Published: October 2012

Object
Hypoxia induces an aggressive phenotype in some brain tumors in part due to hypoxia-inducible factor–1α (HIF-1α) and integrin expression. The importance of hypoxia in medulloblastoma is unclear and the interaction of HIF-1α and c-Myc in medulloblastoma has not been explored. The objective of this study was to determine if hypoxia induces an aggressive phenotype in human medulloblastoma cells that constitutively express high (D283 Med) or low (DAOY) levels of c-Myc and to determine if blocking αv integrins with the monoclonal antibody intetumumab inhibits hypoxia-induced cellular stress responses.

Methods
Cells were grown at 21% and 1% O2 and in the presence or absence of intetumumab. Measures of malignancy evaluated included cell proliferation, cell migration, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), αv integrins, HIF-1α, and c-Myc.

Results
Both cell lines robustly expressed αv integrins. Hypoxic DAOY cells showed significantly increased proliferation compared with normoxic controls (p < 0.05), whereas D283 Med cells did not. Both cell lines exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in proliferation when treated with intetumumab (p < 0.05). Hypoxia did not increase DAOY migration, but intetumumab significantly inhibited migration at both oxygen conditions (p < 0.05). Intetumumab significantly decreased VEGF levels in DAOY cells at both oxygen conditions (p < 0.05) and in normoxic D283 cells (p < 0.01). Neither cell line demonstrated increased HIF-1α expression in response to hypoxia. However, hypoxic D283 Med cells grown in the presence of intetumumab demonstrated significantly decreased c-Myc expression (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Hypoxia did not clearly induce a more aggressive phenotype in medulloblastoma cells. Despite this result, intetumumab decreased medulloblastoma cell proliferation and migration and variably decreased VEGF and c-Myc expression in hypoxic conditions. Targeting αv integrins represents a promising potential adjuvant modality in the treatment of medulloblastoma, particularly subtypes that metastasize and overexpress VEGF and c-Myc.
BIOREFINERY. Pressurised hot water extraction of acetylated xylan from birch sawdust
Authors: Kilpeläinen Petri , Leppänen Kaisu , Spetz Peter , Kitunen Veikko , Ilvesniemi Hannu , Pranovich Andrey , Willför Stefan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Birch sawdust was extracted using pressurized hot water (PHW), with the ultimate aim of maximizing the yield of large and intact non-cellulosic heteropolysaccharides, i.e. hemicellulose molecules. The extractions were performed using a flow-through vessel. Effects of different extraction temperatures between 140 and 200°C were evaluated. The amount of extracted xylans, as weil as monosaccharides, increased as the temperature rose to 1 90°C, accordingly the degree of polymerization of the xylans decreased. The extracted xylans retained most of the native acetyl groups and were thereby water-soluble after the extraction. The PHW extract contained not only xylan and other hemicellulose-derived oligomers, but fragmented Iignin molecules and some extractives as well. Only trace amounts of furfurals were found in the extract at lower extraction temperatures. An optimal yield of water-soluble, polymeric xylans with the smallest amount of unwanted impurities and degradation products was thus achieved at an extraction temperature of 1 80°C using the flow-through vessel
BIOREFINERY. Nanocellulose characterization with mechanical fractionation
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Seppänen Veli , Houni Juha , Sneck Asko , Pirkonen Pentti 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
A novel fractionation method was developed to characterize nanocellulose in terms of particle size. The fractionation device ues screens or membranes with known size. The scale is in the range of micro to nano, so that NFCs can be size- or shapefractionated accordingly. The procedure is somewhat analogaus to the Sauer-MeNett fiber classifier. The reproducibility of the obtained size profile was very good. The device can also produce size specific nanocelluloses, which could be applied for scientific research purposes, e.g. nano risk assessment. Fractionation with membrane filters was able to screen out almost all particles. However, the membrane permeate contained significant amounts of dissolved substances.
PAPER INK INTERACTIONS .Impact of oil-binder interaction on pore structure in paper coatings as studied by internal reflectance. Part 2: Relation to structural expansion
Authors: Koivunen Kimmo , Gane Patrick A. C. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In the case of ink setting on coated paper, s1gmficant decrease of accessible pore volume of the coating matrix can occur due to structural changes caused by swelling of latex hinder particles when contacted with the vehicle of oil-based ink. The impact of latex swelling, reduced network connectivity and the subsequent effects on the dynamic of spatial liquid distribution characteristics within the expanded pore network were examined by a recently established optical retlectance measurement procedure based on the refractive index differences between the coating components and the surrounding medium present in the interparticle pores. GCC model coatings with latex binders displaying differing swelling characteristics were exposed to liquid supersource imbibition without application of external pressure. Effects of both linseed oil and mineral oil on binder swe lling and consequent structural expansion were studied. lt is proposed that the linear retlectance behaviour in the saturated region is related to the mechanical restriction on expansion at the transition between the saturated and partially filling regions of the porous structure, and is consistent with an approximate catenary form in the macroscopic coating dimensional change as a function of depth. A conceptual structural change factor based on the change of retlectance in the saturated region is introduced, and is shown to correlate with the porosity loss values. The results suggest differences in the structural change factors in relation to the equilibrium oil uptake, coating porosity loss, and liquid propagation. The structural change factor also correlates the reflectance gradient within the coating thickness with regard to oil uptake with hinder content as the binder Ievel is increased.
PAPER PHYSICS. Bi-level optimization in papermaking process design
Authors: Linnala Mikko , Hämäläinen Jari 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Model-based optimization is a sophisticated design tool for papermaking processes. In this paper, the method is extended from the unit process design and single-level optimization to the simultaneaus design of the process structure and operations. This is enabled by using a bi-level optimization formulation which allows to avoid unnecessary iterations between the process and automation designs. The bi-level optimization approach is studied here from the perspective of multiobj ective optimization and decision making. The method is illustrated by a case study in which the broke and water system structures and the papermaking process operations are optimized simultaneously.
PAPER PHYSICS. PIV measurements of flow through forming fabrics
Authors: Peng Haiya , Green Sheldon I. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The three-dimensional velocity field in the single phase approach flow to a multiple layer woven forming fabric was measured using PIV. The measurements were conducted on a scaled-up model of a forming fabric in a water/glycerin flow loop. Each strand on the paper side of the model forming fabric had a filament diameter ( d) of 1 5 mm, and the flow loop test section was 3 1 0 mm squared, permitting the measurement of detailed velocity distributions over multiple strands of the fabric. The flow speed in the loop test section was varied to achieve screen Reynolds numbers between 12 and 6 5 . PIV measurements showed that when the distance t o the paper side of the fabric changes from 0.25d to 1 . 5d, the normalized ZD, CMD and MD velocity deviation decreases from 1 9 .7% to 4 .2%, 1 5 . 3 % to 1 .9% and 1 4 . 5 % t o 2 . 3 %, respectively; the ratio between maximum and minimum ZD velocity decreases from 3 .3 to 1 .2 . These findings indicate that the flow non-uniformity caused by the fabric weave is confined to a short distance above the fabric. CFD simulations of the same flow were consistent with the PIV measurements.
PAPER PHYSICS. The web structure in relation to the furnish composition and shoe press pulse profiles during wet pressing
Authors: Hii Collin , Gregersen Øyvind W. , Chinga-Carrasco Gary , Eriksen Øyvind , Toven Kai 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This study shows that wet-pressing TMP and DIP with a shoe press pulse may yield similar afterpress solids, provided that an adequate shoe pulse length with similar pressure profile is applied. A wet web with more porous structure in the sheet dewatering (felt) layer seems to contribute to the increased dewatering during wet pressing. In addition, a shoe press pulse with high peak pressure at the end yields higher solids content after wet-pressing and higher bulk compared to a pulse with a peak pressure in the beginning. The increased dewatering during wet-pressing implies a reduction of steam consumption in the dryer.
Identités et démocratie en Afrique
Authors: Rossatanga-Rignault Guy 
Published: October 2012

Résumé La démocratie « universelle » est-elle soluble dans le magma identitaire en fusion que constituent la plupart des pays africains ? Dans des États traversés par des fractures plus ethniques, régionales ou religieuses qu’idéologiques, « un homme, une voix » signifie-t-il vraiment démocratie ? Alors que la démocratie électorale est normalement une pacification de la lutte pour le pouvoir, les élections sont trop souvent facteurs de tensions violentes en Afrique. Peut-on continuer à nier de telles réalités ? Il convient en définitive de reconnaître l’urgence du débat sur la prise en compte juridique et constitutionnelle du fait identitaire.
La « relation client » à la lueur d'une analyse du discours comparative
Authors: Tréguer-Felten Geneviève 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Cet article prend appui sur plusieurs corpus de discours institutionnels d’entreprises françaises, chinoises et états-uniennes, analysés dans le cadre d’une approche interdisciplinaire reliant analyse du discours et approche interprétative de la culture. On montre comment, selon si les locuteurs sont français, chinois ou états-uniens, leurs discours – en langue maternelle ou en anglais lingua franca – font émerger des conceptions différentes de ce qu’est une bonne « relation client ». Une brève exploration de courriels interpersonnels rassemblés au sein de multinationales donne une idée des difficultés que peut engendrer la méconnaissance de la spécificité culturelle des concepts managériaux, incitant à développer l’analyse du discours pour venir en aide à tous ceux qui, en situation de communication interculturelle, sont appelés à convaincre autrui.
IL-4 in the Brain: A Cytokine To Remember
Authors: Gadani Sachin P. , Cronk James C. , Norris Geoffrey T. , Kipnis Jonathan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
IL-4 has been extensively studied in the context of its role in immunity. Accumulating evidence indicates, however, that it also plays a critical role in higher functions of the normal brain, such as memory and learning. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the basic immunology of IL-4, describe how and where this cytokine appears to operate in normal brain function, and propose a hypothesis concerning its potential role in neurological pathologies.
The Jazz Singer or the Corpse: Al Jolson, Diegetic Music, and the Moment of Death
Authors: Combs C. Scott 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This article looks at Alan Crosland’s The Jazz Singer (1929), the first talking film to employ recorded sound for a death scene, in order to determine how it compensates for the absence of a visible depiction of death. Diegetic music places the terminal sign of death further outside the screen body and closer to the body of the spectator.
Classificando ações de sustentabilidade: uma análise de conteúdo de entrevistas de líderes
Authors: Morais Neto Siqueira De , Fernandes Pereira Maurício , Maccari Emerson Antonio 
Published: October 2012

This research aims to determine whether companies that present themselves as having social and environmental attitudes do it for law requirements, or by being proactive. Thus, this study identifies and classifies attitudes of sustainability in the various categories and constituent dimensions of corporate social responsibility. The approach adopted considers the information coming from the leaders of the organizations studied. The methodology utilized was the content analysis of interviews of the Exame Magazine Sustainability Annuals, being a descriptive research, based on literature review. For the set of categories of analysis and context, it was used the performance indicators of sustainability, developed by the NGO Global Reporting Initiative. According to the proposed goals, attitudes have been cataloged, observing a high concentration in only a few issues of corporate social responsibility. It was found that most of these companies are acting proactively to the benefit of humanity and nature, making more than the minimum to avoid penalties.
Les représentations à l’égard des séniors
Authors: Hellemans Catherine 
Published: October 2012

L’analyse de la littérature relève l’existence d’un double discours, plus ou moins valorisant, à l’égard des séniors. Le premier objet de cette contribution est d’analyser les représentations que les séniors ont d’eux-mêmes, ainsi que les représentations véhiculées par leurs collègues plus jeunes. Le second objet est de déterminer dans quelle mesure l’engagement au travail influe sur les valences des représentations à l’égard des séniors. La recherche s’est déroulée au moyen d’un questionnaire soumis à des travailleurs de différentes catégories d’âge, dans le secteur public. Les résultats principaux mettent en évidence les faits suivants : (1) les séniors n’ont pas tendance à se dévaloriser ; (2) plus les travailleurs sont jeunes, plus leurs représentations des séniors sont défavorables ; (3) les travailleurs plus engagés affectivement à l’égard de leur organisation ont des représentations plus favorables vis-à-vis des séniors et (4) les travailleurs qui considèrent leur travail comme instrumental voient les séniors comme moins efficaces, plus rigides, moins capables de s’adapter et moins dynamiques intellectuellement. Cet ensemble de résultats semble indiquer que l’usage de clichés à l’égard des séniors par les travailleurs plus jeunes pourrait être lié à l’existence d’un phénomène d’autoprojection dans l’avenir.
Synthesis of Faujasite from Fly Ash and its Applications for Hydrocracking of Petroleum Distillates
Authors: Sutarno Sutarno , Arryanto Yateman 
Published: October 2012

The synthesis of faujasite from fly ash and its application for hydrocracking catalyst of heavy petroleum distillates have been performed. Faujasite was synthesized from fly ash by hydrothermal reaction in alkaline solution via combination of reflux pretreatment of fly ash with HCl and fusion with NaOH. The preparation of nickel containing catalysts by ion exchange method under similar initial concentration of nickel resulted higher amount of nickel loaded on faujasite than those on zeolite Y, however, the structural damage of faujasite was higher than those of zeolite Y. In the hydrocracking of heavy petroleum distillates over Ni-faujasite and Ni-zeolite Y catalysts, the conversion of heavy gas oil fraction was the most pronounced. The selectivity toward hydrocarbons in the range of gasoline and kerosene obtained over Ni-faujasite catalyst was lower compared to those of Ni-zeolite Y reference catalyst. © 2007 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Changes in Size of Populations and Level of Conflict Since World War II: Implications for Health and Health Services
Authors: Garfield Richard M. , Polonsky Jonathan , Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: Armed conflicts include declared cross-border and internal wars and political, ethnic, and religious hostilities. The number of conflicts worldwide and their level of intensity have varied widely during the last 5 decades. Tracking conflicts throughout this period has focused predominantly on the number of individuals killed or displaced from these hostilities through count-based estimation systems, or establishing rates of excess mortality from demographic surveys. This report focuses on people living in areas with conflict by applying an estimated level of conflict intensity to data on the population of each territory with hostilities during 1946 to 2007.Methods: Data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program/Peace Research Institute Oslo (UCDP/PRIO) Armed Conflict project database on 324 conflicts of any type in countries with populations greater than 500 000 were combined with conflict-intensity estimates from the Center for Systemic Peace and population data from the US Census Bureau International Data Base.Results: More than half a billion people lived in conflict-affected areas in 2007. An increasing proportion of those affected by conflict lived in early postconflict areas, where hostilities were judged or declared during the last 5 years. In the past 2 decades, the average intensity of conflict among those living in areas with a current conflict has gradually declined.Conclusions: A burgeoning population lives in areas where conflict has recently ended, yet most of the world's large-scale medical responses to emergencies focus on high-intensity conflicts. Effective emergency and reconstruction activities in the health sector will depend on reorganizing services to increasingly focus on and transition to low-level and postconflict environments.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:241–246)