bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regenerated Natural Minerals towards Double‐layers Heterojunctions Metal@metal‐sulfides with Remarkable Conductivity for Ultra‐fast Sodium‐ion Storage
Authors: Yuan Shaohui , Li Jiexiang , Xia Wei , Li Zhaopeng , Tian Wenyue , Yang Yue , Ji Xiaobo , Ge Peng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAttracted by the high specific capacity and energy density, transition metal‐sulfides exhibit great application potential as sodium‐ion batteries anode, but still suffer from the uncontrolled separation of M/S phase and inferior conductivity. Herein, the flower‐like Fe1‐xS@Sb@C (FF) is rationally tailored, accompanied by double‐layer heterojunctions and C–S–Sb/Sb–S–Fe “bridge” bonds. Meanwhile, the bimetallic phases/boundary defects and built‐in electric fields are formed with a strong electronic coupling effect, effectively alleviating the separation of the M/S phase (Fe/Sb and S), and significantly enhancing ion/e− conductivity. As expected, FF delivers an ultra‐fast sodium‐ions storage rate capacity of 436.5/334.3 mAh g−1 even at 10.0/20.0 A g−1. When the operation temperature is lowered to ‐5 °C, the reversible capacity can still remain at ≈349.7 mAh g−1. Assisted by the detailed kinetic analysis and theoretical calculations, their great ion‐storage abilities mainly derive from improved interfacial Na+/e− transfer and surface/near‐surface redox behaviors. Moreover, the reassembling evolution of active phases is revealed by in/ex situ techniques, further demonstrating the stable adsorption/anchoring of intermediate reaction products Fe/Sb–S phases on the heterointerface, accompanying high reversible conversion‐alloying reaction. Given this, this interesting work is anticipated to offer an in‐depth insight into capacity fading mechanism, and effective strategy to design metal‐sulfur anodes for advanced sodium‐ion systems.
Interface and Electronic Structure Regulation of RuO2 through Ru/RuO2 Heterointerface Construction and Zn Atom‐Doping for High‐Performance Overall Water Splitting in Both Alkaline and Acidic Media
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Su Ziyun , Xiang Dong , Xu Wentao , Guo Qian , Fan Youjun , Kang Xiongwu , Sheng Yongguang , Zheng Fuqin , Chen Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRational design and fabrication of efficient catalysts for overall water splitting in an integrated electrolyzer are essential for energy storage and conversion. Herein, an ultra‐small substitutional Zn‐doped Ru/RuO2 heterostructure (5.6 nm) is synthesized through a facile pyrolyzing strategy as an efficient bi‐functional electrocatalyst for water splitting in both acidic and alkaline media. Experiments demonstrate that introducing appropriate alien atoms into RuO2 with an amorphous state can effectively optimize the electron structure and expose abundant defects, and thus increasing the number of active sites and improving the intrinsic activity of RuO2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In addition, the high hydrogen adsorption capability of metallic Ru makes Ru‐RuO2 heterointerface suitable for water splitting. Notably, the Ru/ZnRuO2 displays low overpotentials at 10 mA cm−2 with only 184 mV for OER in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 35 mV for HER in 1.0 m KOH. Besides, the as‐synthesized Ru/ZnRuO2 displays cell voltages of 1.540 and 1.567 V (at 10 mA cm−2) for water splitting with remarkable durability for more than 220 and 100 h, respectively, in acidic and alkaline media. This work provides a facile strategy for designing pH‐universal electrocatalysts toward overall water splitting.
Aggregation Regulation of Acceptor via Thiophene‐Substituted Alkyl Chains Enables High‐Performance Toluene‐Processed Organic Solar Cells without Additive and Post‐Treatment
Authors: Jiang Xinyu , Yang Hang , Shen Shumin , Wu Yue , Cui Chaohua , Li Yongfang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to the mismatched aggregation behavior and limited compatibility between the donor and acceptor, it is a challenge for the active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs) to spontaneously realize well‐developed morphology in nonhalogenated solvents. In this contribution, an aggregation regulation strategy for acceptors with strong aggregation is developed via thiophene‐substituted alkyl chain engineering to fabricate high‐performance nonhalogenated solvent‐processed OSCs without an additive or post‐treatment. With the replacement of alkyl chains with steric conjugated thiophene‐substituted alkyl chains, the resulting acceptor (namely BTP‐2T, BTP‐T, and BTP‐T‐BO) shows reduced aggregation to match the polymer donor D18‐Cl using toluene as a processing solvent, enabling ordered molecular arrangement and uniform phase separation morphology. Especially, the combined modification of the asymmetric thiophene‐substituted inner chain and branched outer side chains for BTP‐T‐BO enables the formation of a superior nanoscale bi‐continuous interpenetrating network along with ordered and compact molecular packing in the D18‐Cl:BTP‐T‐BO blend. As a result, an excellent PCE of 18.05% is achieved in the D18‐Cl:BTP‐T‐BO‐based device using toluene as the processing solvent without any extra treatment, which is the highest value for nonhalogenated solvent‐processed OSCs without any extra treatment.
Nanoscale Drag Reduction Effect Enables Efficient Fog Harvesting
Authors: Ji Yating , Yang Weifeng , Li Xiaoyan , Xue Yunfan , Wang Jie , Chen Yinjie , Xu Bi , Cai Zaisheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSurfaces with macro‐scale hydrophilic/hydrophobic regions (conventional Janus mode) are often considered as prime candidates for fog harvesting. However, the water collection efficiency of such surfaces frequently fails to meet the requirements of practical applications due to the occurrence of surface flooding caused by water droplet pinning. Here, an in situ molecular confined modification strategy is proposed to construct upgraded Janus mode for achieving nanoscale drag reduction effect, thereby improving the fog collection efficiency. Specifically, nanoscale hydrophilic sites are designed to effectively reduce the critical volume size required for water droplets to slide off, thus avoiding the surface flooding. Fibers with upgraded Janus mode (PAN‐TO) realize a water collection rate of 4035 mg cm−2 h−1, markedly exceeding that of most materials with conventional Janus mode. Moreover, the high interface bonding strength between hydrophilic sites and the material surface can withstand the impact of water and sand flushing, ensuring the long‐term usability of the material. The applications of PAN‐TO fibers in irrigation and dyeing are demonstrated. This work shows a nanoscale surface engineering proposal for building a next‐generation fibrous fog harvesting device.
Advancing Superconductivity with Interface Engineering
Authors: Liu Yichen , Meng Qingxiao , Mahmoudi Pezhman , Wang Ziyi , Zhang Ji , Yang Jack , Li Wenxian , Wang Danyang , Li Zhi , Sorrell Charles C. , Li Sean 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe development of superconducting materials has attracted significant attention not only for their improved performance, such as high transition temperature (TC), but also for the exploration of their underlying physical mechanisms. Recently, considerable efforts have been focused on interfaces of materials, a distinct category capable of inducing superconductivity at non‐superconducting material interfaces or augmenting the TC at the interface between a superconducting material and a non‐superconducting material. Here, two distinct types of interfaces along with their unique characteristics are reviewed: interfacial superconductivity and interface‐enhanced superconductivity, with a focus on the crucial factors and potential mechanisms responsible for enhancing superconducting performance. A series of materials systems is discussed, encompassing both historical developments and recent progress from the perspectives of technical innovations and the exploration of new material classes. The overarching goal is to illuminate pathways toward achieving high TC, expanding the potential of superconducting parameters across interfaces, and propelling superconductivity research toward practical, high‐temperature applications.
Multiple Impacts of the Aluminum Oxide Passivation Layer on the Properties OF Cu(In,Ga)Se2Solar Cells
Authors: Kamikawa Yukiko , Nardone Marco , Shibata Hajime , Nishinaga Jiro , Ishizuka Shogo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the origins of efficiency gains in Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS) solar cells are investigated by introducing an Al2O3passivation layer in terms of the oxidation condition of Mo back contact, alkali‐metal diffusion, minority carrier lifetimes (τ), and charge conditions. The study reveals that introduction of an Al2O3back‐contact passivation layer into solar cells yields multiple impacts. Al2O3deposition enhances the oxidation of the Mo back contacts, increasing Na solubility in Mo and Na diffusion from Mo into the CIGS layer, thereby modifying the metastable properties of CIGS. The charge condition at the CIGS/Al2O3interface is not fixed negative charge but variable, dependent on whether electrons or holes are supplied. During solar cell operation, the interfacial charge condition is expected to be neutral or positive for Al2O3grown using plasma or thermal atomic layer deposition techniques, respectively. Moreover, the mechanical peeling off of CIGS from Mo back contact enhancedτin a similar way as with the insertion of Al2O3. Based on this study, the enhancement of alkali metal supply and the removal of direct contact of CIGS to the metal contact (Mo) can play crucial roles in improving the performance of CIGS solar cell.
Coupling Dynamics and Linear Polarization Phenomena in Codirectional Polariton Waveguide Couplers
Authors: Rozas Elena , Yulin Alexey , Klembt Sebastian , Höfling Sven , Martín María Dolores , Viña Luis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, the previous studies investigating the potential of integrated devices using polariton waveguides that form codirectional couplers is extended. For suitable coupler parameters, a transfer of condensates between the arms of the coupler occurs leading to the observation of previously predicted Josephson‐like oscillations. The ability to tune the periodicity of these oscillations opens the way to the design of polaritonic circuits in which the directionality of the signal towards the output terminals can be controlled, for a fixed separation between the arms, varying the coupling length. The response of the devices to linearly polarized excitation is also investigated, delving into the dynamics of linear polarization at the output terminals of long couplers, providing valuable insights into their potential applications, including polariton switches and logic gates with efficient operation. The results are supported by numerical simulations based on the generalized Gross–Pitaevskii equation describing the dynamics of coherent polaritons in spatially non‐uniform systems, reproducing the polariton distribution on the output terminals and an oscillatory dependence of the corresponding emission as a function of the polarization azimuth. How the coupling and the controllable polarization degree of freedom in polariton couplers opens avenues for innovative optical architectures and functionalities is shown here.
Unveiling the Influence of Line Shape of Surface Plasmon Resonances on Exciton–Plasmon Strong Coupling
Authors: Wei Yueyue , Zeng Ning , Yang Yao , Zhong Jin‐Hui , Liu Bowen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStrong coupling between surface plasmon resonance (SPR) modes and excitons holds great potential for many chemical and physical applications. However, a clear understanding on how far‐field spectral characteristics of SPR (linewidths and intensity) affect the coupling strength remains unclear because these parameters are difficult to be individually tuned. These spectral characteristics are associated with the damping rate and field enhancement that depend on the morphology of the plasmonic nanostructure. In this work, the influence of the SPR line shape on exciton‐plasmon coupling is systematically investigated by delicately tuning the linewidths and resonance intensities of the plasmonic arrays. It is found that the SPR modes with narrow linewidths or large intensity are favorable for the exciton–plasmon system to achieve strong coupling. The obtained clear relationships between the SPR line shape and coupling strength provide guidance for the design and optimization of exciton‐plasmon coupling systems, favoring the highly efficient manipulation of exciton polaritons and enabling specific applications driven by strong coupling.
Recent Advances and Prospects in Manganese‐Catalyzed C−H Activation
Authors: Anusree Gopan , Devi P. S. , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractC−H activation represents an interesting alternative to conventional cross‐coupling methods, avoiding the requirement of additional steps to introduce activating groups. Generally, Pd‐catalyzed reactions have been extensively employed for C−H activation. The high cost and limited availability of resources of Pd have prompted us to explore alternative transition metals. In this context, researchers are turning to Earth Abundant Metals (EAMs) like manganese and iron for their potential in C−H activation. Significant progress has been made in manganese‐catalysed C−H activation in recent years, showcasing excellent specificity, environmental compatibility, and versatility across different substrates. This review summarises approximately 50 recent publications highlighting significant advancements in this field from 2020 to 2023.
PLGA Nanoparticles Coated with Activated Dendritic Cell Membrane Can Prolong Protein Expression and Improve the Efficacy of mRNA
Authors: Xu Minghao , Zhu Ao , Pan Yunzhi , Suleman Zainab , Cheng Junping , Liu Mi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn future, mRNA drugs likely play crucial roles in vaccines and protein replacement therapy etc. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the only formulation approved for mRNA delivery. However, in cancer vaccine, the mRNA encapsulated in LNP can only encode limited (20–40) tumor antigens. Due to highly heterogeneous of tumor cells and tumor antigens, including more diverse antigens could improve the efficacy of cancer vaccines. Including both strong immunogenic antigens and more diverse antigens could maximize the efficacy of cancer vaccines. Herein, poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and activated dendritic cell membrane were designed as mRNA delivery platforms, which possess merits such as prolonged protein expression, lyophilized formulation, and greater efficacy etc. Dendritic cells were activated with particles loading whole tumor antigens which can activate broad range antigen‐specific T cells. The sustained release of mRNA in PLGA nanoparticles can significantly prolong protein expression in APCs, and lyophilization improved the stability of mRNA formulation. Compared with LNPs, these nanovaccines significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy of mRNA. In addition, tumor antigen‐specific T cells in mice treated with nanovaccines was significantly greater than that treated with LNPs. Overall, a new platform for delivering mRNA was demonstrated, that can prolong protein expression and have better efficacy.
Metallacyclobutadienes: Intramolecular Rearrangement from Kinetic to Thermodynamic Isomers
Authors: Cai Yuanting , Hua Yuhui , Lu Zhengyu , Chen Jiangxi , Chen Dafa , Xia Haiping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetallacyclobutadienes (MCBDs) are key intermediates of alkyne metathesis reactions. There are in principle two isomerization pathway from kinetic to thermodynamic MCBDs, intermolecular and intramolecular. However, systems that simultaneously isolate two kinds of MCBD isomers have not been achieved, thus restricting the mechanistic studies of the isomerization. Here the reactivity of a metallapentalyne that contains an M≡C bond within the aromatic ring, with alkynes to afford a series of MCBD‐fused metallapentalenes is studied. In some cases, both kinetic and thermodynamic products are isolated in the same system, which has never been observed in previous MCBD reactions. Furthermore, the isomerization of MCBD‐fused metallapentalenes is investigated both experimentally and theoretically, indicating that it is an intramolecular process involving a metallatetrahedrane (MTd) intermediate. This research provides experimental evidence demonstrating that one MCBD can undergo intramolecular rearrangement to transform into another.
Modulating Buried Interface to Achieve an Ultra‐High Open Circuit Voltage in Triple Cation Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Junyi , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhu Yanbin , Yu Haixuan , Li Xiongjie , Liu Zhirong , Kazim Samrana , Hu Yong , Yang Wanpeng , Ma Xiaoting , Dai Letian , Ahmad Shahzada , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work proposes a methodology to increase the open‐circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells via modulating the buried interface using π‐conjugated molecules, featuring a push‐pull electronic structure configuration. In the planar perovskite solar cells using tin oxide nanocrystal as an electron transport layer, the 2‐methyl‐1‐aminobenzene derivatives with 4‐(Heptafluoropropan)‐2‐methylaniline notable not only reduce the interfacial energy barrier but also passivate the defects at the buried interface. This modulation enhances the open circuit voltage of Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 (bandgap ≈1.60 eV) perovskite solar cell to a high value of 1.241 V and thus the power conversion efficiency to 24.16% under standard testing condition. An even higher efficiency of 25.11% can be achieved when employing in the Cs0.05MA0.05FA0.9PbI3 (bandgap ≈1.54 eV) perovskite solar cell. The open circuit voltage (1.241 V) is among the highest in triple‐cation perovskite solar cells which reaches 95% Shockley–Queisser limit. A solar‐to‐CO conversion efficiency of 11.76% can be achieved in the fabricated perovskite solar minimodule driven carbon dioxide electrolyzer. This demonstrates the potential of utilizing perovskite solar cells for CO2 conversion as a clean and green energy environment.
Enhanced In‐Plane Omnidirectional Energy Harvesting from Extremely Weak Magnetic Fields via Fourfold Symmetric Magneto‐Mechano‐Electric Coupling
Authors: Yu Yuelong , Cheng Zhi , Chang Jianglei , Mai Zifeng , Wang Bing , Zhu Ronglei , Sun Muhua , Dong Shuxiang , Ci Penghong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMagneto‐mechano‐electric (MME) energy harvesters (EHs) have emerged as a promising solution for powering Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks by capturing ambient stray magnetic fields in urban circumstance. Despite significant advancements, achieving milliwatt‐level power generation from extremely weak (<1 Oe) and randomly oriented magnetic fields remains challenging. Drawing inspiration from the configuration of cross‐shaped spider legs, this study introduces an innovative X‐shaped MME‐EH featuring fourfold symmetric architecture with symmetrically distributed magnets at each end, enabling near‐isotropic in‐plane omnidirectional energy harvesting. Under extremely weak magnetic fields 0.75 and 0.3 Oe at 60 Hz, the device achieves a record‐high output power of 7.31 and 1.67 mWRMS, respectively, representing a 362% improvement in normalized power over the state‐of‐the‐art results. The theoretical model attributes these gains to the synergistic enhancement effect of the second bending mode and the dual‐mode structure, collectively improving both magnetomechanical and electromechanical coupling by augmenting the magnetic moments and suppressing the clamp loss. The device further demonstrates robust real‐world applications, efficiently powering a wireless IoT sensor system by harvesting multidirectional magnetic field energy from household appliances. This work opens new avenues for developing efficient multimodal MME‐EHs capable of harnessing omnidirectional, weak magnetic fields for widespread IoT applications.
2025 update on clinical trials in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Al‐Samkari Hanny 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough the development and regulatory approval of the thrombopoietin receptor agonists revolutionized aspects of the immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) treatment landscape over the past two decades, there remain many areas of high unmet need. Therefore, a number of investigational and repurposed agents are currently undergoing clinical development in ITP. In a departure from historical trials, which largely focused on the indefinite treatment of persistent or chronic ITP, ongoing trials run the gamut of disease phases, and include novel agents being evaluated in early phases of the disease to attempt to modify the disease course. Many agents in development target disease pathophysiologic mechanisms not previously targeted by agents in current use, including platelet autoantibody recycling, B‐cell maturation and differentiation, long‐lived plasma cells, and the complement system, among others. These agents represent promising treatment options for patients with otherwise refractory disease or who are intolerant of currently available therapies. Additionally, with our increasing understanding of the diverse immune mechanisms at play in ITP, the expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium to include agents targeting diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms may allow a more personalized therapeutic selection in the future. This manuscript provides an up‐to‐date, in‐depth overview of recently completed and ongoing clinical trials in ITP.
The language of belonging: The role of symbolic language in shaping social identity and public perceptions of police gender targets
Authors: Davenport‐Klunder Katelyn , Hine Kelly , Fleet Robert 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGender‐targeted recruitment in policing has elicited varied public responses. This study explores public sentiment toward policing gender targets using a symbolic interactionist and social identity approach. A sentiment analysis was conducted on 5447 comments extracted from a Facebook recruitment campaign targeting women. The study revealed a nearly equal distribution of positive and negative language in the comments, with high levels of trust and fear, and notable expressions of anger and sadness. Positive sentiments utilised terms like “equality” and “merit” indicating support for gender targets as a means to promote gender equality and career opportunities for women. Conversely, negative sentiments centred on discrimination. Findings underscore how individuals construct meaning around gender and interpret gender‐target initiatives in policing through the sentiments expressed in online interactions. This research contributes to a nuanced understanding of public discourse surrounding gender targets, highlighting the importance of tailored recruitment and educational campaigns to promote inclusivity and effective gender‐targeted initiatives.
Hydrogenolysis of Haloboranes: from Synthesis of Hydroboranes to Formal Hydroboration Reactions
Authors: Zwart Guilhem , Mifleur Alexis , Durin Gabriel , Nicolas Emmanuel , Cantat Thibault 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydroboranes are versatile reagents in synthetic chemistry, but their synthesis relies on energy‐intensive processes. Herein, we report a new method for the preparation of hydroboranes from hydrogen and the corresponding haloboranes. Triethylamine (NEt3) form with dialkylchloroboranes a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) able to split H2 and afford the desired hydroborane with ammonium salts. Unreactive haloboranes were unlocked using a catalytic amount of Cy2BCl, enabling the synthesis of commonly used hydroboranes such as pinacolborane or catecholborane. The mechanisms of these reactions have been examined by DFT studies, highlighting the importance of the base selection. Finally, the system‘s robustness has been evaluated in one‐pot B−Cl hydrogenolysis/hydroboration reactions of C=C unsaturated bonds.