bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved methods for selective cryolipolysis results in subcutaneous fat layer reduction in a porcine model
Authors: Kwon T.‐R. , Yoo K. H. , Oh C. T. , Shin D. H. , Choi E. J. , Jung S. J. , Hong H. , Choi Y. S. , Kim B. J. 
Published: September 2014

Background/aimsCryolipolysis is a noninvasive method for the selective reduction of localized fat tissues. It has demonstrated efficacy in both clinical and preclinical trials; however, despite its popularity, its mechanisms of action and evaluation methods are not yet fully defined. The purpose of this study was to improved methods for cryolipolysis using a porcine model.MethodsThe abdomens of female PWG micro‐pigs were treated with a cooling device (CRYOLIPO II™), and we examined the treatment effects using photography, three‐dimensional photography, ultrasound, gross, and microscopic pathology, and serum lipid level analyses in order to determine the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of CRYOLIPO II™.ResultsCRYOLIPO II™ successfully reduced abdominal fat in our porcine model. Gross and microscopic histological results confirmed the noninvasive cold‐induced selective subcutaneous fat destruction, and showed increases in pre‐adipocyte differentiation and in the activation of lipid catabolism. In particular, we found that CRYOLIPO II™ may increase PPARδ (delta) levels in adipose tissue at 30–60 days post‐treatment.ConclusionFat reduction by cryolipolysis was successfully achieved in our porcine model. Thus, our findings indicate that CRYOLIPO II™ may be a promising fat reduction device for body contouring and fat reduction in humans, and that cryolipolysis exerts its effects, at least partly, by targeting the PPARδ signaling pathway. These results show that both investigative and diagnostic potentials capacity.
T‐cell‐replete haploidentical stem cell transplantation is highly efficacious for relapsed and refractory childhood acute leukaemia
Authors: Kobayashi S. , Ito M. , Sano H. , Mochizuki K. , Akaihata M. , Waragai T. , Ohara Y. , Hosoya M. , Ohto H. , Kikuta A. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundDespite improvements in first‐line therapies, the outcomes of relapsed or refractory childhood acute leukaemia that has not achieved complete remission after relapse, has relapsed after stem cell transplantation (SCT), has primary induction failure and has relapsed with a very unfavourable cytogenetic risk profile, are dismal.Objectives and MethodsWe evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of T‐cell‐replete haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (haplo‐SCT) with low‐dose anti‐human thymocyte immunoglobulin (ATG), tacrolimus, methotrexate and prednisolone (PSL) in 14 paediatric patients with high‐risk childhood acute leukaemia.ResultsAll patients achieved complete engraftment. The median time to reaching an absolute neutrophil count of more than 0.5 × 109 L−1 was 14 days. Acute graft‐vs‐host disease (aGVHD) of grades II–IV and III–IV developed in 10 (71%) and 2 (14%) patients, respectively. Treatment‐related mortality and relapse occurred in one (7%) patient and six (43%) patients, respectively. Eleven patients were alive and seven of them were disease‐free with a median follow‐up of 36 months (range: 30–159 months). The probability of event‐free survival after 2 years was 50%.ConclusionThese findings indicate that T‐cell‐replete haplo‐SCT, with low‐dose ATG and PSL, provides sustained remission with an acceptable risk of GVHD in paediatric patients with advanced haematologic malignancies.
Riesz basis of wavelets constructed from trigonometric B-splines
Authors: Jena Mahendra Kumar 
Published: September 2014

In this paper, we construct a class of compactly supported wavelets by taking trigonometric B-splines as the scaling function. The duals of these wavelets are also constructed. With the help of these duals, we show that the collection of dilations and translations of such a wavelet forms a Riesz basis of 𝕃2(ℝ). Moreover, when a particular differential operator is applied to the wavelet, it also generates a Riesz basis for a particular generalized Sobolev space. Most of the proofs are based on three assumptions which are mild generalizations of three important lemmas of Jia et al. [Compactly supported wavelet bases for Sobolev spaces, Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. 15 (2003) 224–241].
Behavior of an Exponential System of Difference Equations
Authors: Khan A. Q. , Qureshi M. N. 
Published: September 2014

We study the qualitative behavior of the following exponential system of rational difference equations:xn+1 = αe-yn+βe-yn-1/γ+αxn+βxn-1,  yn+1 = α1e-xn+β1e-xn-1/γ1+α1yn+β1yn-1,  n = 0,1,…,whereα,β,γ,α1,β1, andγ1and initial conditionsx0, x-1, yo, and  y-1are positive real numbers. More precisely, we investigate the boundedness character and persistence, existence and uniqueness of positive equilibrium, local and global behavior, and rate of convergence of positive solutions that converges to unique positive equilibrium point of the system. Some numerical examples are given to verify our theoretical results.
Concurrent Alterations in TERT, KDM6A, and the BRCA Pathway in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Nickerson Michael L. , Dancik Garrett M. , Im Kate M. , Edwards Michael G. , Turan Sevilay , Brown Joseph , Ruiz-Rodriguez Christina , Owens Charles , Costello James C. , Guo Guangwu , Tsang Shirley X. , Li Yingrui , Zhou Quan , Cai Zhiming , Moore Lee E. , Lucia M. Scott , Dean Michael , Theodorescu Dan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Genetic analysis of bladder cancer has revealed a number of frequently altered genes, including frequent alterations of the telomerase (TERT) gene promoter, although few altered genes have been functionally evaluated. Our objective is to characterize alterations observed by exome sequencing and sequencing of the TERT promoter, and to examine the functional relevance of histone lysine (K)–specific demethylase 6A (KDM6A/UTX), a frequently mutated histone demethylase, in bladder cancer.
Experimental Design: We analyzed bladder cancer samples from 54 U.S. patients by exome and targeted sequencing and confirmed somatic variants using normal tissue from the same patient. We examined the biologic function of KDM6A using in vivo and in vitro assays.
Results: We observed frequent somatic alterations in BRCA1 associated protein-1 (BAP1) in 15% of tumors, including deleterious alterations to the deubiquitinase active site and the nuclear localization signal. BAP1 mutations contribute to a high frequency of tumors with breast cancer (BRCA) DNA repair pathway alterations and were significantly associated with papillary histologic features in tumors. BAP1 and KDM6A mutations significantly co-occurred in tumors. Somatic variants altering the TERT promoter were found in 69% of tumors but were not correlated with alterations in other bladder cancer genes. We examined the function of KDM6A, altered in 24% of tumors, and show depletion in human bladder cancer cells, enhanced in vitro proliferation, in vivo tumor growth, and cell migration.
Conclusions: This study is the first to identify frequent BAP1 and BRCA pathway alterations in bladder cancer, show TERT promoter alterations are independent of other bladder cancer gene alterations, and show KDM6A loss is a driver of the bladder cancer phenotype. Clin Cancer Res; 20(18); 4935–48. ©2014 AACR.
Model-Based Navigation of Left and Right Ventricular Leads to Optimal Targets for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Laksman Zachary , Yee Raymond , Stirrat John , Gula Lorne J. , Skanes Allan C. , Leong-Sit Peter , Manlucu Jamie , McCarty David , Turkistani Yosra , Scholl David , Rajchl Martin , Goela Aashish , Islam Ali , Thompson R. Terry , Drangova Maria , White James A. 
Published: September 2014

Background—
Left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular pacing site characteristics have been shown to influence response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). This study aimed to determine the clinical feasibility of image-guided lead delivery using a 3-dimensional navigational model displaying both LV and right ventricular (RV) pacing targets. Serial echocardiographic measures of clinical response and procedural metrics were evaluated.

Methods and Results—

Thirty-one consecutive patients underwent preimplant cardiac MRI with the generation of a 3-dimensional navigational model depicting optimal segmental targets for LV and RV leads. Lead delivery was guided by the model in matched views to intraprocedural fluoroscopy. Blinded assessment of final lead tip location was performed from postprocedural cardiac computed tomography. Clinical and LV remodeling response criteria were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months using a 6-minute hall walk, quality of life questionnaire, and echocardiography. Mean age and LV ejection fraction was 66±8 years and 26±8%, respectively. LV leads were successfully delivered to a target or adjacent segment in 30 of 31 patients (97%), 68% being nonposterolateral. RV leads were delivered to a target or adjacent segment in 30 of 31 patients (97%), 26% being nonapical. Twenty-three patients (74%) met standard criteria for response (LV end-systolic volume reduction ≥15%), 18 patients (58%) for super-response (LV end-systolic volume reduction ≥30%). LV ejection fraction improved at 6 months (31±8 versus 26±8%,
P
=0.04).

Conclusions—
This study demonstrates clinical feasibility of dual cardiac resynchronization therapy lead delivery to optimal targets using a 3-dimensional navigational model. High procedural success, acceptable procedural times, and a low rate of early procedural complications were observed.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01640769.
Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Distribution and Its Relationship with Orography and Anthropogenic Emissions in the Po Valley
Authors: Feudale Laura , Manzato Agostino 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe main object of this work is to study the lightning climatology in the Po Valley in Italy and how it varies in time (interannual, annual, weekly, and daily time scales) and space (sea coast, plains, and mountain areas) and how that is related to topographic characteristics and anthropogenic emissions. Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning in the target area is analyzed for 18 yr of data (about 7 million records). It is found that the Julian Prealps of the Friuli Venezia Giulia region are one of the areas of maximum CG lightning activity across all of Europe. During spring lightning activity is more confined toward the mountainous regions, whereas during summer and even more during autumn the lightning activity involves also the coastal region and the Adriatic Sea. This is due to different triggering mechanisms acting in different topographic zones and during different periods of the year and times of the day. In analogy to previous studies of lightning done in the United States, a weekly cycle is also identified in the area of interest, showing that on Friday the probability of thunderstorms reaches its maximum. After conducting a parallel analysis with monitoring stations of atmospheric particulates (diameter ≤ 10 μm: PM10) and sounding-derived potential instability, the results presented herein seem to support the hypothesis that the weekly cycle in the thunderstorm activity may be due to anthropogenic emissions.
The MJO in a Coarse-Resolution GCM with a Stochastic Multicloud Parameterization
Authors: Deng Qiang , Khouider Boualem , Majda Andrew J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The representation of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is still a challenge for numerical weather prediction and general circulation models (GCMs) because of the inadequate treatment of convection and the associated interactions across scales by the underlying cumulus parameterizations. One new promising direction is the use of the stochastic multicloud model (SMCM) that has been designed specifically to capture the missing variability due to unresolved processes of convection and their impact on the large-scale flow. The SMCM specifically models the area fractions of the three cloud types (congestus, deep, and stratiform) that characterize organized convective systems on all scales. The SMCM captures the stochastic behavior of these three cloud types via a judiciously constructed Markov birth–death process using a particle interacting lattice model. The SMCM has been successfully applied for convectively coupled waves in a simplified primitive equation model and validated against radar data of tropical precipitation. In this work, the authors use for the first time the SMCM in a GCM. The authors build on previous work of coupling the High-Order Methods Modeling Environment (HOMME) NCAR GCM to a simple multicloud model. The authors tested the new SMCM-HOMME model in the parameter regime considered previously and found that the stochastic model drastically improves the results of the deterministic model. Clear MJO-like structures with many realistic features from nature are reproduced by SMCM-HOMME in the physically relevant parameter regime including wave trains of MJOs that organize intermittently in time. Also one of the caveats of the deterministic simulation of requiring a doubling of the moisture background is not required anymore.
An extended revision of the interlayer structures of one- and two- layer hydrates of Na- vermiculite
Authors: Beyer J. , Graf Von Reichenbach H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe interlayer structures in one- and two-layer hydrates of Na-vermiculite are described by presenting the positional parameters of their constituent atoms, including protons.The revision of these structures has been accomplished by: (1) determining accurate water contents of the two hydrates by thermoanalysis (TG, DSC); (2) using earlier X-ray diffraction data published by Slade et al.(1985) and de la Calle et al. (1984) as a reference; and (3) applying least-squares refinements when considering the constraints for atomic distances and bond angles between interlayer constituents.In the 1.485 nm hydrate of Na-vermiculite (nH2O/nNa ≈ 4), sharing edges of Na(OH2)6 octahedra cause their chainlike arrangement. The chains are aligned along [100] and are stabilized by H-bonds between interlayer water molecules and oxygens of the silicate layer. The partial loss of these bonds during dehydration forces the stacking order to change from V3 to Vc in the resulting 1.185 nm (nH2O/nNa ≈ 2) hydrate.This new understanding may help to explain differences in the rotational correlation time of water molecules between one- and two-layer hydrates of vermiculite as observed by quasielastic neutron scattering (Swenson et al., 2000).
Exothermic effects in soils during thermal analysis
Authors: Emmerich K. , Smykatz-Kloss W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper addresses the application of thermal analytical methods (DTA/DSC/TG/ MS) in soil investigations, especially the interrelation of exothermic effects and analytical or preparative parameters. For the superimposed decomposition/ oxidation reactions of siderites, FeCO3, the heating rate is shown to have a decisive influence because low heating rates tend to suppress the endothermic effect. In mixtures of small amounts of organic matter (glucose and starch) with talc, the phyllosilicate acts as a catalyst by influencing the intensity of combustion of the organic matter.
The thermal reactions of montmorillonite: a Mössbauer study
Authors: Murad E. , Wagner U. , Wagner F. E. , Häusler W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe physical properties of three montmorillonites before and after heating were studied by reflectance colorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) and Mössbauer spectroscopies. Colorimetric data, though not directly relatable to sample mineralogy, provide cheap and rapid information on the temperatures of sample breakdown. X-ray diffraction provides information on sample mineralogy and the transformations that develop during firing and allows the major phases formed in the course of firing to be identified, whereas IR data provide information on water and hydroxyl loss and the final breakdown of the montmorillonite structure. Mössbauer spectroscopy gives information on Fe2+ oxidation (where applicable) and reveals subtle variations in Fe site coordination and Fe mineralogy, including the formation of Fe oxides – that can be quantified in proportions as low as 0.1% – following structural breakdown of the montmorillonites.
Characterization of the expandable clays formed from kaolinite at 200ºC
Authors: Bentabol M. , Ruiz Cruz M. D. , Huertas F. J. , Linares J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe hydrothermal reaction of kaolinite in the system Na2O-K2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2- H2O-HCl, at near-neutral pH conditions, has been investigated at 200ºC, for times from 12 h to 180 days. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study of the solid products indicates that the phases formed from 15 days’ reaction time are randomly ordered mixed-layer chlorite-smectite, dioctahedral on average, with a chlorite:smectite ratio of ∼1:2. No structural evolution was observed with increasing reaction time. Investigation by transmission electron microscopy revealed, on the contrary, that very thin packets with basal spacing of either 10 Å (smectite) or 14 Å (chlorite) are dominant. In addition, packets with periodicities of 12 –13 Å are also observed. Only rarely, randomly to ordered sequences of 10 and 14 Å are observed in the packets. These observations indicate that the mixture of these phases behaves in XRD as randomly ordered mixed-layer chlorite-smectite. Chemical analysis of the solutions suggests that the neo-formed phases are metastable and would evolve, at longer reaction times, toward ordered mixed-layer chlorite-smectite or to clinochlore.
Mineralogy and grain-size distribution of clay-rich rock units of the Algarve Basin (South Portugal)
Authors: Trindade M. J. , Rocha F. , Dias M. I. , Prudêncio M. I. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA detailed survey of the most clay-rich rock units of the Meso-Cenozoic geological section exposed in the Algarve Basin (South Portugal) was performed and data were analysed for the grain-size distribution and mineralogy (whole rock and clay fraction), aimed at a compositional study of the clay-rich sediments and their depositional environment. Granulometry was obtained using wet sieving and laser diffraction by attenuation of X-rays, and the mineralogical study was carried out by X-ray diffraction.Most clay-rich rock units of the Algarve are classified as silty clays and clayey silts, and only a minority is coarser. The mineralogical study enabled us to define two main types of clays: (1) noncalcareous clays, consisting largely of quartz and clay minerals, with goethite as the typical Fe-rich phase (sediments of Carboniferous, Neogene and Quaternary age and Cretaceous siliciclastic clays); and (2) calcareous clays, which can be calcite-rich clays (Middle and Upper Jurassic) or dolomiterich clays (Triassic and Lower Jurassic), the latter typically containing hematite as an accessory phase. Plagioclase, K-feldspar, and Ti-oxides are often accessory phases, whereas ankerite, anhydrite, gypsum and opal are rare.In the clay fraction illite generally predominates, resulting probably from weathering of preexisting rocks, as well as the less frequent Fe-chlorite, pointing to incipient chemical alteration under semi-arid climatic conditions. Kaolinite occurs in diverse proportions, being especially abundant in Cretaceous and Cenozoic units; it is mainly related to chemical weathering in continental environments under humid conditions. As the Atlantic Ocean opened during Triassic and the continental environment evolved to a shallow-marine environment with evaporitic conditions, smectite became more expressive, being sometimes accompanied by other Mg-rich phases (chlorite, sepiolite, corrensite and palygorskite). Especially during the Cenozoic the proportion of different phases in the clay mineral association of the sediments reflects the control of tectonic movements and fluctuations in sea level during their deposition.
Substantial influence on solar energy harnessing ability by geometries of ordered Si nanowire array
Authors: Wu Zilong , Wang Ziyi , Wang Songyou , Zhong Zhenyang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The reflectance of the controlled periodic Si nanowire (NW) arrays is systematically explored, which characterizes the influence on the solar energy harnessing ability by the geometries of the NW. A unique dependence of the reflectance of the Si NW array on the diameter, the height, and the bending of the NW are disclosed. The solar energy loss caused by the reflection of the Si NW array exhibits the minimum for the NW with intermediate diameter and length. A plane-wave-based transfer-matrix method (TMM) simulation is performed, which is well consistent with the experimental results. Our results demonstrate the design principle to optimize the Si NW arrays for high-efficiency solar cells.

PACS

81.07.-b; 78.67.-n; 81.16.-c
Providing quality-of-service for frequency-aware Wi-Fi using OFDM-based variable-length Bloom filters
Authors: Lee Suchul , Choi Jaehyuk , Yoo Joon , Kim Chong-Kwon 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Modern Wi-Fi networks are trending towards using a wider channel bandwidth to achieve high physical layer data rate. The wide channel band experiences fluctuations across the different frequencies, causing diversity in the frequency domain. Frequency-aware Wi-Fi protocols exploit this frequency diversity and consequently achieve high wireless capacity. However, most of the existing works have not considered quality-of-service (QoS) issues. In this paper, we present a new Wi-Fi protocol called QoS-Fi, that provides QoS for the mobile users in the frequency aware Wi-Fi network. QoS-Fi dynamically assigns orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subchannels for heterogeneous mobile users to meet the QoS demands. To achieve this goal, we apply an OFDM-based variable-length Bloom filter (VBF) that synergistically integrates the channel quality estimation and QoS channel coordination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that employs QoS at the frequency domain for Wi-Fi networks. We study the impact of variable-length signatures in the aspect of throughput maximization and meeting the QoS requirements and further develop a decentralized QoS-aware channel-allocation algorithm that achieves sub-optimal performance. Our USRP/GNURadio-based experiments and trace-driven simulations show that QoS-Fi provides up to 1.39 × and 1.29 × throughput improvements compared to the legacy EDCA and well-known Knopp and Humblet’s and round robin (K&H/RR) scheduling, respectively in the QoS-regimes.