bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Discoid Meniscus During Arthroscopy for Isolated Lateral Meniscal Pathology in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Ellis Henry B . , Wise Kelsey , LaMont Lauren , Copley Lawson , Wilson Philip 
Published: September 2015

Background:
Meniscus tears in the young patient are becoming more prevalent. Knowledge of presenting characteristics and morphology can affect treatment decisions. The purpose of this study was to review and evaluate all the isolated lateral meniscus pathology that required arthroscopic treatment in a pediatric sports medicine practice and compare presenting characteristics between those with a discoid meniscus and those with normal meniscal morphology.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of all isolated lateral meniscus arthroscopic procedures from 2003 to 2012 in a high-volume pediatric sports practice. Presentation, radiographs, and intraoperative findings were reviewed. The prevalence and clinical findings of a discoid meniscus in this population and among all age groups were compared with those with a meniscus tear occurring in a normal meniscus.

Results:
Two hundred and sixty-one arthroscopies were performed for symptomatic isolated lateral menisci pathology. Of these, 75% were discoid in nature; the remainder was tears occurring in normal menisci. Ninety-six of 99 patients (97%) with lateral meniscus pathology under the age of 13 had a discoid meniscus and 66% presented with no injury. There was a transition within the population at 14 years of age, with a rise in the incidence of normal meniscal body tears. Even after this transition point, meniscal pathology incidence remained notable; 59% of isolated lateral meniscus pathology in patients between the ages of 14 and 16 years old were a discoid meniscus. Magnetic resonance imaging criteria for discoid meniscus (3 consecutive sagittal cuts or coronal mid-compartment measure) were unreliable after the age of 13 years old. The ratio of complete to incomplete discoids in all age groups was 4 to 3.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, discoid menisci have a high prevalence in isolated lateral meniscus pathology requiring knee arthroscopy. Clinical presentation, imaging, characteristics, and treatment may be different among different age groups. In the adolescent age group (14 to 16 y old), the presentation of a discoid meniscus may not be different from a meniscus tear with normal morphology.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—diagnostic.
DivergentMLS1promoters lie on a fitness plateau for gene expression
Authors: Bergen Andrew C. , Olsen Gerilyn M. , Fay Justin C. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTQualitative patterns of gene activation and repression are often conserved despite an abundance of quantitative variation in expression levels within and between species. A major challenge to interpreting patterns of expression divergence is knowing which changes in gene expression affect fitness. To characterize the fitness effects of gene expression divergence we placed orthologous promoters from eight yeast species upstream of malate synthase (MLS1) inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. As expected, we found these promoters varied in their expression level under activated and repressed conditions as well as in their dynamic response following loss of glucose repression. Despite these differences, only a single promoter driving near basal levels of expression caused a detectable loss of fitness. We conclude that theMLS1promoter lies on a fitness plateau whereby even large changes in gene expression can be tolerated without a substantial loss of fitness.
Effects of reference databases’ refinements on the validity of molecular definitions of 15,371 candidate human-specific regulatory sequences
Authors: Glinsky Gennadi V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThousands of candidate human-specific regulatory sequences (HSRS) have been identified, supporting the idea that unique to human phenotypes result from human-specific changes to genomic regulatory networks (GRNs). The sequence quality of reference genome databases is essential for the accurate definition of regulatory DNA segments as candidate HSRS. It is unclear how database improvements would affect the validity of the HSRS’ definition. Sequence conservation analysis of 15,371 candidate HSRS was carried out using the most recent releases of reference genomes’ databases of humans and nonhuman primates (NHP) defining the conservation threshold as the minimum ratio of bases that must remap of 1.00. This analysis identifies 3,793 regulatory DNA segments that lack evidence of human-specific mutations and represent regulatory sequences highly conserved in humans, Bonobo, and Chimpanzee. Present analysis revealed a major database refinement’s effect on the validity of HSRS’ definition and suggests that human-specific phenotypes may evolve as a results of integration into human-specific GRNs of both conserved in NHP and human-specific genomic regulatory elements.
Two-phase natural convection flow of a dusty fluid
Authors: Siddiqa Sadia , Hossain M. Anwar , Saha Suvash C 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to conduct a detailed investigation of the two-dimensional natural convection flow of a dusty fluid. Therefore, the incompressible boundary layer flow of a two-phase particulate suspension is investigated numerically over a semi-infinite vertical flat plate. Comprehensive flow formations of the gas and particle phases are given in the boundary layer region. Primitive variable formulation is employed to convert the nondimensional governing equations into the non-conserved form. Three important two-phase mechanisms are discussed, namely, water-metal mixture, oil-metal mixture and air-metal mixture.

Design/methodology/approach
– The full coupled nonlinear system of equations is solved using implicit two point finite difference method along the whole length of the plate.

Findings
– The authors have presented numerical solution of the dusty boundary layer problem. Solutions obtained are depicted through the characteristic quantities, such as, wall shear stress coefficient, wall heat transfer coefficient, velocity distribution and temperature distribution for both phases. Results are interpreted for wide range of Prandtl number Pr (0.005-1,000.0). It is observed that thin boundary layer structures can be formed when mass concentration parameter or Prandtl number (e.g. oil-metal particle mixture) are high.

Originality/value
– The results of the study may be of some interest to the researchers of the field of chemical engineers.
Effect of random surface roughness on squeeze film damping characteristics in damper of linear rolling guide with a fractal-based method
Authors: Li Linlin , Yang Jiajun , Liu Wenwei 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of surface roughness characterized by fractal geometry on squeeze film damping characteristics in damper of the linear rolling guide, which has not been studied so far.

Design/methodology/approach
– The stochastic model of film thickness between rail and damper is established by using the two-variable Weierstrass–Mandelbrot function defining multi-scale and self-affinity properties of the rough surface topography. The stochastically averaged Reynolds equation is solved by using the variables separation method to further derive the film pressure distribution, the damping coefficient, the damping force and squeeze film time. The effect of surface roughness on squeeze film damping characteristics of the damper is analyzed and discussed through simulation.

Findings
– By comparing cases of the rough surface for different fractal parameters and the smooth surface, it is shown that for the isotropic roughness structure, the presence of surface roughness of the damper decreases the squeeze film damping characteristics. It is found that roughness effect on the damping coefficient is associated with the film thickness. In addition, the vibration amplitude effect is negligible for the damper of the linear rolling guide.

Originality/value
– To investigate the random surface roughness effect, the rough surface topography of damper of the linear rolling guide is characterized by using the fractal method instead of the traditional mathematical statistics method.
National Football League faces hedge fund manager fraud: implications for professional associations and investors from the case of international management associates
Authors: Muhtaseb Majed 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– To describe the fraudulent activity of investment manager Kirk S. Wright and to discuss its implications for investors and professional associations.

Design/methodology/approach
– Describes how Mr Wright established and built his fund business, how he solicited investors, how he falsified financial reporting to investors, how investors discovered his fraud and filed lawsuits, how the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) took disciplinary action, and how National Football League (NFL) players unsuccessfully sued the NFL and its players’ union for recommending Mr Wright’s firm. Draws lessons from the story for investors and associations.

Findings
– Since hedge funds are not as strictly regulated as other investment vehicles, investors need to take extra steps to not fall prey to unscrupulous fund managers.

Originality/value
– Detailed, informative case study.
Parties push to enforce statutory time limits on SEC enforcement actions
Authors: Neaderland Benjamin , Cohen Jared 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– To alert companies and individuals subject to regulation and investigation by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of potential arguments to enforce time limits on enforcement actions that have heretofore commonly been ignored.

Design/methodology/approach
– Analyzes two cases - one recently decided and one pending - in US Courts of Appeals, explains significance of issues at stake.

Findings
– The Courts of Appeals for District of Columbia Circuit has recently reviewed, and the Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit will soon decide whether statutory timing provisions effectively remove SEC power to bring enforcement actions past their deadlines, at least in some circumstances.

Practical implications
– Depending on the outcomes of the cases, companies and individuals may gain a new procedural defense or two against SEC enforcement actions. They may also expect the SEC to respond by more actively seeking tolling agreements, and/or being more cautious in issuing Wells notices.

Originality/value
– Guidance based on pending decisions interpreting US securities law, may bring regulatory adjustments to agency practice and procedure.
Increasing physical activity in a secure psychiatric service for women
Authors: Long Clive , West Rachel , Rigg Samantha , Spickett Rebecca , Murray Lynne , Savage Paul , Butler Sarah , Stillman Swee-Kit , Dolley Olga 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of measures designed to increase physical activity in women in secure psychiatric care.Design/methodology/approach– A range of interventions (environmental and motivational) designed to increase participation in physical activities were introduced on two secure wards for women. A pre-post design assessed frequency, duration and intensity of physical activity, attendance at physical activity sessions, exercise motivation, exercise-related mood, attitudes to exercise and health and biological indices. Measures collected over a three-month baseline period were repeated six months post-intervention.Findings– Significant changes occurred in both attitudes to exercise and health, exercise motivation and exercise behaviour following change initiatives. With the exception of resting pulse rate and perceived exertion, the increased level of activity was not reflected in changes in body mass index, body fat or body muscle.Practical implications– Management led, multi-disciplinary interventions to increase physical activity can have a positive impact on both lifestyle behaviours and physical health.Originality/value– This study adds to a small literature on increasing physical activity in women in secure psychiatric settings where obstacles to change are formidable.
The impact of a randomised trial on TC environments
Authors: Autrique Mieke , Pearce Steve , Vanderplasschen Wouter 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible impact of a randomised controlled trial on the therapeutic environment of participating therapeutic communities (TCs).

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors compared the environment in four democratic day TCs involved in a randomised trial (experimental TCs) with a similar democratic day TC not involved in the trial (the control TC) by administering the Community Oriented Environment Scale (COPES) to 28 TC members.

Findings
– TC members’ views of the real psychosocial environment at the experimental TC and control TC showed similar high levels for spontaneity, autonomy and personal problem orientation and similar intermediate levels for practical orientation and staff control. The TC members at the experimental TC rated significantly higher levels for order and organisation and clarity, while members at the control TC rated a significantly higher level for involvement.

Originality/value
– The study provided no evidence of a significant adverse impact on the culture of democratic day TCs due to participation in a randomised trial. This finding answers one of the most common arguments in the debate on the ethics of RCTs in TCs.
Contractibility and Transparency of Financial Statement Information Prepared Under IFRS: Evidence from Debt Contracts Around IFRS Adoption
Authors: BALL RAY , LI XI , SHIVAKUMAR LAKSHMANAN 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWe outline several properties of IFRS that potentially affect the contractibility or the transparency of financial statement information, and hence the use of that information in debt contracts. Those properties include the increased choice among accounting rules IFRS gives to managers, enhanced rule‐making uncertainty, and increased emphasis on fair value accounting. Consistent with reduced contractibility of IFRS financial statement information, we find a significant reduction in accounting‐based debt covenants following mandatory IFRS adoption. The reduction in accounting covenant use is associated with measures of the difference between prior domestic standards and IFRS. Because IFRS adoption changed financial reporting in many ways simultaneously, it is difficult to trace the decline in accounting covenant use to individual IFRS properties, though we report larger declines in accounting covenant use in banks, which have a higher proportion of assets and liabilities that are fair‐valued. Our findings are better explained by reduced contractibility than by increased transparency, which would predict reduced nonaccounting covenant use as well, whereas we observe increases. Overall, we conclude that IFRS rules sacrifice debt contracting usefulness to achieve other objectives, such as provision of accounting information relevant to valuation.
A case series and review of Poncet's disease, and the utility of current diagnostic criteria
Authors: Sharma Aman , Pinto Benzeeta , Dogra Sunil , Sharma Kusum , Goyal Palvi , Sagar Vinay , Dhir Varun , Sharma Shefali , Singh Surjit 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimPoncet's disease is a well recognized form of reactive arthritis in the presence of extra‐articular tuberculosis. There are very limited case reports even from countries where tuberculosis is common and there are no accepted diagnostic criteria for Poncet's disease. In the present study we are describing clinical features of Poncet's disease from a tuberculosis‐endemic region along with a proposal of a new diagnostic criteria.MethodsAll patients diagnosed as having Poncet's disease were included. The clinical details, demographic features, pattern of joint involvement, investigation findings, treatment details and clinical outcomes were recorded on a structured pro forma.ResultsTwenty‐three patients with Poncet's disease were identified during the study period. Thirteen patients had oligoarthritis and the rest had polyarthritis with ankle joint involvement being most common. The duration of joint symptoms varied from 3 days to 6 years. All patients had non‐erosive and non‐deforming arthritis. Systemic symptoms were absent in 48% of patients. Mantoux was positive in most cases (81%). Tuberculosis was extrapulmonary in most cases, lymph node tuberculosis being most common. All patients had complete resolution of joint symptoms with anti‐tubercular treatment. All the factors contributing to eventual diagnosis of Poncet's disease were carefully analyzed and diagnostic criteria are proposed. In the proposed criteria, there are two essential, two major and three minor criteria. According to these criteria 19 patients had definite and three had probable Poncet's disease.ConclusionThe most common presentation of Poncet's is in the form of oligoarthritis. The proposed criteria can be used for diagnosing Poncet's disease.
Accuracy of caregivers’ recall of hospital admissions: implications for research
Authors: Burakevych Nataliia , McKinlay Christopher Joel Dorman , Alsweiler Jane Marie , Harding Jane Elizabeth ,   for the CHYLD Study team
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo determine the accuracy of caregivers’ recall of hospital admissions in early childhood.MethodsProspective cohort study of babies born at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia at Waikato Hospital, New Zealand, a regional public hospital and sole provider of acute inpatient care to over 100,000 children. Caregivers’ recall of children's hospital admissions up to 4.5 years was compared with medical records. Accuracy of recall was related to neonatal and socio‐demographic characteristics.ResultsOf 267 children, 179 (67%) visited hospital and 106 (40%) were admitted at least once. The most frequent reasons for admission were for respiratory (29%) and gastrointestinal (18%) problems. Of 106 children admitted to hospital, 27 (25%) caregivers did not recall the admission and only 37 (35%) accurately recalled the number of admissions. The accuracy of recall was lower for gastrointestinal (38%) and surgical (40%) problems, while recall of respiratory (64%) and ear, nose and throat (60%) admissions was more accurate. Low socio‐economic status and multiple admissions were associated with less accurate recall of number of admissions.ConclusionCaregivers do not accurately report hospital admissions. Questionnaire data about use of hospital facilities should be interpreted cautiously and may not be sufficiently accurate for use in research studies.
Influence of repeated ochratoxin A ingestion on milk production and its carry‐over into the milk, blood and tissues of lactating cows
Authors: Hashimoto Yasushi , Katsunuma Yu , Nunokawa Masahiro , Minato Hajime , Yonemochi Chisato 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of repeated ingestion of ochratoxin A (OTA) on milk production of lactating Holstein cows over 28 days, and the carry‐over of OTA from the diets into the milk and tissues of the cows. Nine cows were divided into three groups, labeled OTA5, OTA50 and OTA100, and fed a diet containing 5, 50 and 100 µg OTA/kg of dry matter, respectively. Body weight, feed intake and daily milk yield in cows were not different among the three groups during the OTA‐intake period. OTA residues were neither detected in the tissues, such as liver, kidney, muscles, fat and jejunoileum, nor in the milk of any cows in the OTA intake groups. In contrast, a small amount of OTA (0.1 µg/kg) was detected in the blood plasma of one sample in the OTA50 group and multiple samples in the OTA100 group. The results of this study show that the ingestion of diets containing up to 100 µg/kg of OTA over 28 days does not affect feed intake or milk production of cows, and the dietary OTA is not carried over into milk and edible tissues such as the liver, muscles and fat. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science
Attacking invasive grasses
Authors: Keeley Jon E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn grasslands fire may play a role in the plant invasion process, both by creating disturbances that potentially favour non‐native invasions and as a possible tool for controlling alien invasions. Havill et al. (Applied Vegetation Science, 18, 2015, this issue) determine how native and non‐native species respond to different fire regimes as a first step in understanding the potential control of invasive grasses.
A pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model for intrathecal baclofen in patients with severe spasticity
Authors: Heetla H. W. , Proost J. H. , Molmans B. H. , Staal M. J. , van Laar T. 
Published: September 2015

AimsIntrathecal baclofen (ITB) has proven to be an effective and safe treatment for severe spasticity. However, although ITB is used extensively, clinical decisions are based on very scarce pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) data. The aim of this study was to measure baclofen CSF concentrations and clinical effects after administration of various ITB boluses in patients with spasticity and to create a PKPD model for ITB.MethodsTwelve patients with severe spasticity received four different bolus doses of ITB (0, 25, 50, 75 μg and an optional dose of 100 μg), administered via a catheter with the tip at thoracic level (Th) 10. After each bolus, 10 CSF samples were taken at fixed time intervals, using a catheter with the tip located at Th12. Clinical effect was assessed by measuring spasticity with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). These data were used to develop a PKPD model.ResultsAll patients achieved an adequate spasmolytic effect with ITB doses varying from 50 to 100 μg. No serious side effects were observed. CSF baclofen concentrations, as well as the clinical effects, correlated significantly with ITB doses. The PK model predicted a steep spinal concentration gradient of ITB along the spinal axis. The clinical effect could be predicted using a delayed‐effect model.ConclusionsITB is an effective and safe therapy with, however, a steep concentration gradient along the spinal axis. This means that the administered baclofen is staying mainly around the catheter tip, which stresses the importance to position the ITB catheter tip closely to the targeted spinal level.