bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selenacalix[3]triazines: Anion Versus Proton Association
Authors: Van Rossom Wim , Thomas Joice , Terentyeva Tatyana G. , Maes Wouter , Dehaen Wim 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSelenacalix[3]triazines, cyclotrimeric metacyclophanes with direct Se linkages between the heteroaryl constituents, were shown to associate with various guest species. The preorganization of three electron deficient triazine rings allows for anions to bind through anion‐π interactions, and alignment of the central nitrogen lone pairs and the well‐defined size of the macroring enable association with a single proton. Extended UV/Vis titration studies indicated a clear difference in complexation behavior depending on the outer‐rim substitution pattern. The host–guest properties of analogous selena‐ and thiacalix[3]triazines were found to be notably different.
Synthesis of Axially Chiral 1,1′‐Binaphthalenes by Palladium‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Triorganoindium Reagents
Authors: Mosquera Ángeles , Pena Miguel A. , Pérez Sestelo José , Sarandeses Luis A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract1,1′‐Binaphthalenes and heterocyclic analogues can be efficiently prepared by palladium‐catalysed cross‐coupling reactions between tri(1‐naphthyl)indium reagents and 1‐halonaphthalenes and haloisoquinolines. The reactions were usually carried out in THF at 80 °C with a slight excess of the indium reagent (40 mol‐%) and a low catalyst loading (4 mol‐% Pd) to afford the cross‐coupling products in good yields (45–99 %). The method allows the synthesis of sterically hindered 2‐substituted and 2,2′‐disubstituted 1,1′‐binaphthalenes and naphthylisoquinolines. In addition, the coupling reactions can be performed enantioselectively and the best enantiomeric excesses were obtained by using the chiral amino‐phosphane ferrocenyl ligand (R,S)‐PPFA.
Residual drift demands in moment‐resisting steel frames subjected to narrow‐band earthquake ground motions
Authors: Bojórquez Edén , Ruiz‐García Jorge 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents the main results of the evaluation of residual inter‐story drift demands in typical moment‐resisting steel buildings designed accordingly to the Mexican design practice when subjected to narrow‐band earthquake ground motions. Analytical 2D‐framed models representative of the study‐case buildings were subjected to a set of 30 narrow‐band earthquake ground motions recorded on stations placed in soft‐soil sites of Mexico City, where most significant structural damage was found in buildings as a consequence of the 1985 Michoacan earthquake, and scaled to reach several levels of intensity to perform incremental dynamic analyses. Thus, results were statistically processed to obtain hazard curves of peak (maximum) and residual drift demands for each frame model. It is shown that the study‐case frames might exhibit maximum residual inter‐story drift demands in excess of 0.5%, which is perceptible for building's occupants and could cause human discomfort, for a mean annual rate of exceedance associated to peak inter‐story drift demands of about 3%, which is the limiting drift to avoid collapse prescribed in the 2004 Mexico City Seismic Design Provisions. The influence of a member's post‐yield stiffness ratio and material overstrength in the evaluation of maximum residual inter‐story drift demands is also discussed. Finally, this study introduces response transformation factors, Tp, that allow establishing residual drift limits compatible with the same mean annual rate of exceedance of peak inter‐story drift limits for future seismic design/evaluation criteria that take into account both drift demands for assessing a building's seismic performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inorganic–organic hybrid coating‐encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate and its flame retardancy and water resistance in epoxy resin
Authors: Qu Hongqiang , Wu Weihong , Hao Jianwei , Wang Chunzheng , Xu Jianzhong 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYA novel encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with an inorganic–organic hybrid coating (MAPP) was prepared by a sol–gel method using tetraethoxysilane and octyltriethoxysilane as precursors. The properties of MAPP were investigated by water solubility, hydrophobicity, and morphological determination. The structure of MAPP was characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The flame retardancy of epoxy resin composite with MAPP was evaluated by limiting oxygen index, UL‐94 test, and cone calorimetry test. The results showed that both tetraethoxysilane and octyltriethoxysilane hydrolyze and condense to form a dense polysiloxane layer structure on the surface of APP. The water solubility of MAPP was reduced from 0.64 to 0.13 g/100 mL of water, and the water resistance of epoxy resin composites filled with MAPP was also greatly improved. The limiting oxygen index, UL‐94 test, and cone calorimeter results showed that the epoxy resin composites filled with MAPP had better flame retardancy, probably because of a synergistic effect between polysiloxane and APP. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety of robotic thyroidectomy approaches: Meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Jackson Nicole R. , Yao Lu , Tufano Ralph P. , Kandil Emad H. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThis study compared the efficacy of robotic thyroidectomy via a gasless, axillary approach with conventional cervical and endoscopic techniques by meta‐analysis.MethodsArticles were identified from the following keyword searches: robotic/robot‐assisted thyroidectomy/thyroid surgery. Outcomes included operative time, hospital stay, complications, and cosmetic satisfaction after surgery. Between‐group outcome differences were calculated using random‐effects models.ResultsIn all, 87 publications were identified and 9 studies met inclusion criteria, totaling 2881 patients, 1122 of whom underwent robotic thyroidectomy. Those who underwent robotic surgery reported greater cosmetic satisfaction, with a pooled net mean difference of −1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.69, −1.09). Robotic approach operative time was longer than that of the conventional approach (95% CI: 29.23, 54.87), with a trend to be shorter than the endoscopic approaches. Robotic surgery had similar risks to open and endoscopic approaches.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis suggests that robotic thyroidectomy is as safe, feasible, and efficacious as conventional cervical and endoscopic thyroidectomy, showing superior cosmetic satisfaction than that of conventional thyroidectomy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 137–143, 2014
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Cavaliere M. Beth 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Brain Peptides and Catecholamines in Cardiovascular Regulation Edited by J. P. Buckley and C. M. FenarioProstacyclin and Its Stable Analogue Iloprost Edited by R. J. Gryglewski and G. StockAutonomic and Enteric Ganglia—Transmission and Its Pharmacology Edited by A. G. Karczmar, K. Koketsu, and S. NishiPolymers in Medicine II Edited by E. Chiellini, P. GiustiProgress in Cardiology Edited by P. N. Yu and J. F. GoodwinDrug Interactions in Anesthesia Edited by N. Ty Smith and A. N. CarbascioDelivery Systems for Peptide Drugs Edited by S. S. Davis, L. Illum and E. TomlinsonToxicologic Emergencies Edited by L. R. Goldfrank, N. E. Flomenbaum, N. A. Lewin
The Correlation of Vinblastine Pharmacokinetics to Toxicity in Testicular Cancer Patients
Authors: Chong Clayton D. K. , Logothetis Christopher J. , Savaraj Niramol , Fritsche Herbert A. , Gietner Allene M. , Samuels Melvin L. 
Published: March 2013

The clinical pharmacokinetics of vinblastine administered by continuous 5‐day infusion (3 mg/m2/day) was studied in 12 patients with primary testicular cancer. Serum vinblastine concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay on serum collected over a 10‐day period. Steady‐state vinblastine concentrations were achieved within 60 to 108 hours (median, 72 hours). Vinblastine pharmacokinetics were analyzed and correlated to hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity. Hematologic toxicity was severe (granulocytopenia of less than 500/μL) in all patients; however, no correlation of vinblastine pharmacokinetics to duration of granulocytopenia or nadir was noted.Nonhematologic toxicity, however, showed a direct correlation to steady‐state vinblastine concenations. Two distinct groups of patients were identified by a toxicity score evaluating nonhematologic toxicity: as low (group A) or high (group B). The toxicity score was calculated for each patient based on accumulated toxicity during the course of treatment. The mean toxicity score for all patients was 7.11 and for groups (A and B) it was 4.0 and 9.6, respectively (P = .02). Steady‐state vinblastine concentration for each patient was compared with toxicity where the mean steady‐state vinblastine concentration was 7.3 ng/mL for all patients, and 5.8 ng/mL and 8.5 ng/mL for groups A and B, respectively (P = .01). These steady‐state vinblastine concentrations correlated directly with the mean toxicity scores revealing that patients with high steady‐state vinblastine concentrations demonstrated more nonhematologic toxicity. Application of these data to pharmacokinetically directed studies are warranted to investigate this relationship and designate dosages of vinblastine to avoid excessive toxicity.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Cavaliere M. Beth 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Mild Hypertension: From Drug Trials to Practice Edited by T. Strasser and D. GantenRole of Pharmacology in Pediatric Oncology Edited by D. G. Poplack, L. Maseimo, and P. Cornaglia‐FerrarisThe Cytoskeleton: A Target for Toxic Agents Edited by T. W. Clarkson, P. R. Sager, and T. L. M. SyversonAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Therapeutic, Psychological and Research Aspects Edited by V. Cosi, A. C. Kato, W. Parletti
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Maggio Beth 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Molecular Aspects of Human Disease Volume 1 Editor: J. W. Gorrod.Pharmacological Issues in Alcohol and Substance Abuse Editor: Barry Stimmel, MD The Haworth Press, Inc. Binghamton, NY, 1989.Alcohol Research from Bench to Bedside Editors: Enoch Gordis, MD, Boris Tabaoff, PhD, and Markku Linnoila, MD, PhD The Haworth Press, Inc. Binghamton, NY, 1989.Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management Volume 3, No. 3 Editor: Mickey C. Smith, RPh, PhD The Haworth Press, Inc. Binghamton, NY, 1989.Journal of Geriatric Drug Therapy Volume 3, No 3 Editor: James Cooper, PhD, FCP The Haworth Press, Inc. Binghamton, NY, 1989.Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Economics Volume 1, No. 1 Editor: Mickey C. Smith, RPh, PhD. The Haworth Press, Inc. Binghaton, NY, 1989.Drugs and the Athlete—Contemporary Exercise and Sports Medicine Volume 2 Editor: Allan J. Ryan, MD. F. A. Davis Company.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Maggio Beth 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Advances in Biotechnology of Membrane Ion Transport— Serono Symposia Publications Volume 51 Editors: P. L. Jorgensen and R. Verna.Molecular Aspects of Human Disease Volume 2 Editor: J. W. Gorrod.Nurse's Drug Reference—NDR 89 Editors: George R. Spratto and Adrienne L. Woods.
The Influence of Fever on the Pharmacokinetics of Pranoprofen in Elderly Subjects
Authors: Fujimura Akio , Kajiyama Hiroyuki , Ebihara Akio 
Published: March 2013

Pranoprofen (75 mg) was given orally during febrile (mean body temperature 38.3°C) and afebrile (mean body temperature 36.3°C) periods in nine elderly subjects. Blood samples for plasma drug concentrations were taken for a 10 hour post‐drug period.The mean elimination half‐life (t1/2β) was significantly prolonged and the mean area under the time‐concentration curve from 0 to 10 hrs (AUC0–10) was greater, although not significantly, during fever. No significant difference was observed in the time to maximum concentration (tmax), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) or apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) between the both dosages. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.448, 0.05 < P < 0.10) between the body temperature and t1/2β of pranoprofen.These data indicate that the clearance of pranoprofen is reduced during fever in elderly subjects.
1992. Is There the Will for There to be a Way?
Authors: Currie William J. C. 
Published: March 2013

The European Community must become a fully integrated market by 1992. The differing national requirements for pharmaceutical product registration constituted a barrier, unresolved by the creation of a nonmandatory process of mutual recognition of pharmaceutical licences.Interested parties have been asked to recommend measures to abolish the remaining barriers. The principle sought is that a single authorisation shall afford simultaneous approvals in all member states. Considerable debate has taken place but there is no clear concensus. Recommendations include mandatory mutual recognition, a central FDAlike European Agency and a combination of both.A tripartite solution is recommended. This is a sharing of responsibility between the National Agencies and a central European body. A small European Secretariat would coordinate activities and, using expert consultants, hear and resolve appeals. The National Agencies would share the licence application assessments and the CPMP would be responsible for, among other things, the education standards of Agency personnel.
Antihypertensive Efficacy of Guanfacine and Prazosin in Patients with Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension
Authors: Lewin Andrew , Alderman Michael H. , Mathur Pershottam 
Published: March 2013

Guanfacine, an alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist, was compared with prazosin hydrochloride for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension in an 8‐week, double‐blind, randomized, parallel evaluation to determine efficacy and safety. The study consisted of a 2‐week screening/weaning period (phase I), a 3‐week treatment period with chlorthalidone 25 mg every morning (phase II), and an 8‐week double‐blind treatment period with diuretic plus prazosin or guanfacine (phase III). Those who had an average seated diastolic blood pressure (BP) of 95 to 114 mm Hg at the end of the phase II period were eligible to enter the phase III period and were randomly assigned to chlorthalidone plus either guanfacine, 1 mg every night, or prazosin, 1 mg three times a day. Of the 102 patients who were randomly assigned to guanfacine or prazosin, 80% completed the entire study.Guanfacine and prazosin appeared to be equally effective and reduced seated as well as standing diastolic and systolic BP. The mean seated systolic and diastolic BP were reduced 11/9 mm Hg by guanfacine and 11/10 mm Hg by prazosin. The mean reduction in seated pulse was 3 beats/minute for guanfacine and no change with prazosin. Similar changes occurred in the standing position. Very few adverse effects were reported during the study. Adverse effects with an incidence of 5% or greater for either drug group were dizziness (6% guanfacine, 8% prazosin), xerostomia (6% guanfacine, 2% prazosin), and somnolence (0% guanfacine, 6% prazosin). Three patients (6%) in the prazosin group experienced symptoms of orthostasis requiring premature discontinuation of the drug and termination from the study.
Lack of Effect of Hypertonic Sodium Bicarbonate on QRS Duration in Patients Taking Therapeutic Doses of Class IC Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Authors: Pentel Paul R. , Fifield Jeanne , Salerno David M. 
Published: March 2013

Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate (HSB) has been reported to reduce the toxicity of Class IC antiarrhythmic agents in rats and, anecdotally, in patients. A pilot study was conducted of the safety and efficacy of HSB for reversing the electrocardiographic effects of therapeutic doses of encainide or flecainide in ten patients taking these drugs for chronic ventricular arrhythmias. Patients had a mean drug‐induced QRS prolongation before treatment of 27.6 ± 8.8%. Each patient received a single dose of HSB 100 mEq or normal saline IV over 5 minutes on two separate occasions. The administration of treatments was blinded and balanced. There were no important side effects of HSB. Venous blood pH, CO2 content and sodium concentration were all significantly increased by HSB in comparison to saline. No differences were found during the 2‐hour observation period in the primary endpoint, QRS duration, the PR or QT intervals, or the frequency of premature ventricular beats.It was concluded that HSB 100 mEq does not reduce QRS duration in patients taking therapeutic doses of flecainide or encainide. Because HSB was well tolerated, investigation of its use in higher doses or in patients with overt toxicity due to Class IC drugs is feasible.
The Long‐Term Treatment of Stable Angina Pectoris with Verapamil
Authors: Miller Albert J. , Grais I. Martin , Kaminsky Leonard A. 
Published: March 2013

In a double‐blind 16‐week crossover study, the effectiveness of verapamil therapy for chronic stable angina was evaluated in 19 patients (Phase I). Twelve of these patients were then followed for 38 to 58 months of open‐label treatment (Phase II). Clinical responses were assessed with traditional indices, treadmill exercise tests, and a newly developed Performance Index (PI).During Phase I, verapamil resulted in a 50% mean reduction in the number of patients developing effort angina on treadmill exercise, a 15% mean increase in treadmill exercise time, and an 18% mean improvement in the PI. In eight of ten patients, diastolic blood pressure rises during exercise were significantly lowered during verapamil treatment in Phase I.In a limited population of patients followed for long periods of time, our data show that verapamil remains acceptably effective in the treatment of angina pectoris. Though diastolic blood pressure rises were decreased during Phase I, we could not confirm that effect over longer periods of time. Functional capacity as determined by the PI was sustained in Phase II.
Unaltered Drug Metabolizing Enzyme Systems in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Before and During Glyburide Therapy
Authors: Juan David , Molitch Mark E. , Johnson Mariana K. , Carlson Rodney F. , Antal Edward J. 
Published: March 2013

Diabetes mellitus is associated with alterations in hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activities in experimental animals. To determine whether Type II diabetes or glyburide affect hepatic drug metabolism, the authors used 13C‐labeled aminopyrine and caffeine breath tests as in vivo probes of the hepatic cytochrome P450 and P1450 enzyme activities respectively in six subjects with Type II diabetes (4 women, 2 men). These subjects had been treated previously with diet, had an age range of 41–63 years, had a body mass index range of 24.1–43.3 kg/m2 and had a mean fasting plasma glucose of 14.6 ± 1.2 mM and a mean hemoglobin A1c of 12.2 ± 0.7%. These subjects did not drink alcohol or take drugs known to affect hepatic drug metabolism. The caffeine and aminopyrine breath tests (CBT, ABT) were performed sequentially while fasting before the start of glyburide treatment (5 mg daily) and at weekly intervals for 4 weeks. ABT and CBT values are expressed as cumulative percentage of dose exhaled through 2 hours. Before beginning glyburide, the mean ABT and CBT results were 10.2 ± 0.7% and 4.2 ± 0.7% respectively, well within the normal ranges for these tests (ABT 6.5–15%; CBT 2.5–10%). The ABT and CBT values remained unaltered during 4 weeks of glyburide therapy. However, FBS decreased to 10.2 ± 1.1 mM and HbA1C to 10.1 ± 0.8% by the end of drug treatment.Type II diabetes that is poorly controlled by diet alone is not associated with alterations of the hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes as judged by the caffeine and aminopyrine breath tests. Furthermore, glyburide does not induce or inhibit the drug metabolizing enzyme systems in the liver, thereby precluding drug‐drug interactions of this type.
Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerance of Velnacrine (HP 029) in Healthy Elderly Subjects: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Puri Surendra K. , Ho Irwin , Hsu Robert , Lassman Howard B. 
Published: March 2013

The pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerance of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐9‐aminoacridin‐1‐ol‐ maleate (HP 029) a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease, were assessed after multiple oral doses in a randomized double‐blind, placebo controlled, ascending dose study in 56 healthy elderly men (14 per dose group). The subjects in the first three groups received 25, 50, or 100 mg two times a day and a fourth group was administered 100 mg velnacrine tid for 28 days. All subjects received a final dose on day 29. Subjects were confined for continuous observation during the 36‐day study period. Blood and urine samples were collected for the pharmacokinetic assessment. There were no clinically important changes in the safety variables in both age groups after any dose. There was no evidence of hepatotoxicity when elderly men were given 100 mg tid for 28 days. Nine subjects reported one or two episodes of gastrointestinal (diarrhea) side effects (6 in the 100 mg bid group and 3 in the 100 mg tid dose group) during a 29‐day trial. None required treatment or were discontinued from study. These results indicate that the safety and tolerance up to 100 mg tid for 28 days in healthy elderly men are acceptable.Velnacrine was rapidly absorbed after oral administration. There were dose‐related increases in Cmax, AUCs, and amount of drug excreted in urine. During multiple dosing, the Cmax increased as a function of dose. The tmax and t1/2 were not affected by dosage nor multiple dosing. Steady state levels of velnacrine were reached between days 2 and 3 with no evidence of further accumulation of velnacrine thereafter. Approximately 11–30% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine over the course of the study.The favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and acceptable safety and tolerance of multiple dosing oral doses of velnacrine support further testing of this compound for efficacy and safety in Alzheimer's patients.