bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot water extracts of edible Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. exert antidiabetic effects in obese diabetic KK-Ay mice
Authors: Yamamoto Junpei , Tadaishi Miki , Yamane Takumi , Oishi Yuichi , Shimizu Makoto , Kobayashi-Hattori Kazuo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In this study, the antidiabetic effects of a hot water extract of edible Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (HW-ECM) were investigated in type 2 diabetic mice. HW-ECM improved blood glucose levels and insulin resistance and increased adiponectin mRNA expression in adipose tissues and protein concentrations in the plasma. Moreover, it increased adipose mRNA and protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a regulator of adiponectin transcription, and mRNA expression of its downstream target genes. It also reduced the adipose cell size and attenuated the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines in adipose tissues. These data presumably indicate a hypoglycemic mechanism of HW-ECM, involving increased PPARγ expression, decreased the adipocyte sizes, and suppression of chronic inflammation in adipose tissues. Finally, elevated adiponectin levels lead to amelioration of insulin resistance and the corresponding hypoglycemic effects. Therefore, HW-ECM indicates its potential as a functional food for type 2 diabetes.
Changes in the Economic Returns to Attending Prestigious Institutions in Norway
Authors: Borgen Nicolai T. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to explore whether the returns to attending a prestigious higher education institution have increased in Norway for students who graduated in 1975 to students who graduated in 1999. A handful of published studies find that the returns to attending prestigious institutions have increased in the last decades. However, they all study the USA, which has a decentralized wage bargaining system. The results in this paper shed light on whether a centralized wage bargaining system, typical for many west-European countries, prevents the returns to attending prestigious institutions from increasing. I find that attending prestigious institutions pays off economically in Norway and that the returns have increased throughout the investigated period. Another aim of this paper is to investigate whether the returns have increased more at the top of the earnings distribution than at the bottom. I find that the returns are highest at the top of the earnings distribution and have increased the most at the top. At the 90th quantile, for instance, students who attended a prestigious business school between 1975 and 1979 obtained 80% higher earnings than students attending nonprestigious institutions in the same period. Among students who graduate 20 years later, this difference is 139%.
Tactical behaviour of winning athletes in major championship 1500‐m and 5000‐m track finals
Authors: Aragón Sonia , Lapresa Daniel , Arana Javier , Anguera M. Teresa , Garzón Belén 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article analyses the tactics employed by middle‐distance (1500‐m) and long‐distance (5000‐m) runners from an observational methodology perspective. The subject of investigation has received little attention from specialists in the field of athletics, with most research focusing on physiological studies of athlete performance. Using an ad hoc observation tool and a database containing systematically recorded data we detected time patterns (T‐patterns) within the data recorded using the Theme software program (version 5.0), and analysed the tactics employed by winners of the men's 1500‐m and 5000‐m finals of the World Championships in Athletics [Edmonton 2001, Paris 2003, Helsinki 2005 (1500‐m final only), Osaka 2007 (1500‐m final only), Berlin 2009 and Daegu 2011], the European Athletics Championships (Munich 2002, Göteborg 2006, and Barcelona 2010) and the Olympic Games (Sydney 2000, Athens 2004, Beijing 2008 and London 2012). T‐pattern detection and investigation of the relationship between category systems corresponding to the criteria comprising the observation tool revealed both similarities (starting lane and lane used during race, runner's position during race and sprint zone and lane) and differences (variations in pace, zones in which changes of pace occur, sprint initiation zone and winner's position at the start of the sprint) between the two disciplines.
Effects of in-plane stiffness and charge transfer on thermal expansion of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide*
Authors: Wang Zhan-Yu , Zhou Yan-Li , Wang Xue-Qing , Wang Fei , Sun Qiang , Guo Zheng-Xiao , Jia Yu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The temperature dependence of lattice constants is studied by using first-principles calculations to determine the effects of in-plane stiffness and charge transfer on the thermal expansions of monolayer semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides. Unlike the corresponding bulk material, our simulations show that monolayer MX
2 (M = Mo and W; X = S, Se, and Te) exhibits a negative thermal expansion at low temperatures, induced by the bending modes. The transition from contraction to expansion at higher temperatures is observed. Interestingly, the thermal expansion can be tailored regularly by alteration of the M or X atom. Detailed analysis shows that the positive thermal expansion coefficient is determined mainly by the in-plane stiffness, which can be expressed by a simple relationship. Essentially the regularity of this change can be attributed to the difference in charge transfer between the different elements. These findings should be applicable to other two-dimensional systems.
Systolic Blood Pressure Control Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Three Interventions
Authors: Espeland Mark A. , Probstfield Jeffery , Hire Donald , Redmon J. Bruce , Evans Gregory W. , Coday Mace , Lewis Cora E. , Johnson Karen C. , Wilmoth Sharon , Bahnson Judy , Dulin Michael F. , Green Jennifer B. , Knowler William C. , Kitabchi Abbas , Murillo Anne L. , Osei Kwame , Rehman Shakaib U. , Cushman William C. ,   the Look AHEAD Research Group,   the ACCORD Study Group
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND
The relative effectiveness of 3 approaches to blood pressure control—(i) an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) focused on weight loss, (ii) frequent goal-based monitoring of blood pressure with pharmacological management, and (iii) education and support—has not been established among overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes who are appropriate for each intervention.

METHODS
Participants from the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) and the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) cohorts who met criteria for both clinical trials were identified. The proportions of these individuals with systolic blood pressure (SBP) &lt;140mm Hg from annual standardized assessments over time were compared with generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS
Across 4 years among 480 Look AHEAD and 1,129 ACCORD participants with baseline SBPs between 130 and 159mm Hg, ILI (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = [1.18–1.81]) and frequent goal-based monitoring with pharmacotherapy (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = [1.16–1.97]) yielded higher rates of blood pressure control compared to education and support. The intensive behavioral-based intervention may have been more effective among individuals with body mass index &gt;30kg/m2, while frequent goal-based monitoring with medication management may be more effective among individuals with lower body mass index (interaction P = 0.047).

CONCLUSIONS
Among overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes, both ILI and frequent goal-based monitoring with pharmacological management can be successful strategies for blood pressure control.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY
clinicaltrials.gov identifiers NCT00017953 (Look AHEAD) and NCT00000620 (ACCORD).
Trade-offs between invertebrate fisheries catches and ecosystem impacts in coastal New Zealand
Authors: Eddy Tyler D. , Coll Marta , Fulton Elizabeth A. , Lotze Heike K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Invertebrate catches are increasing globally following the depletion of many finfish stocks, yet stock assessments and management plans for invertebrates are limited, as is an understanding of the ecosystem effects of these fisheries. Using an ecosystem modelling approach, we explored the trade-offs between invertebrate catches and their impacts on the associated ecosystem on the south coast of Wellington, New Zealand. We simulated exploitation of lobster (Jasus edwardsii), abalone (Haliotis australis, H. iris), and sea urchin (Evechinus chloroticus) over a range of depletion levels—from no depletion to local extinction—to estimate changes in target catches and associated effects on other species groups, trophic levels, and benthic and pelagic components. Exploitation of lobster showed the strongest ecosystem effects, followed by abalone and urchin. In all three fisheries, the current exploitation rate exceeds that which produces maximum sustainable yield, with considerable ecosystem effects. Interestingly, a reduced exploitation rate is predicted to increase target catches (and catch-per-unit-effort), thereby strongly reducing ecosystem effects, a win–win situation. Our results suggest that invertebrate exploitation clearly influences ecosystem structure and function, yet the direction and magnitude of responses depend on the target group and exploitation rate. An ecosystem-based fisheries management approach that includes the role of invertebrates would improve the conservation and management of invertebrate resources and marine ecosystems on broader scales.
Classification of group B streptococci with reduced β-lactam susceptibility (GBS-RBS) based on the amino acid substitutions in PBPs
Authors: Kimura Kouji , Nagano Noriyuki , Arakawa Yoshichika 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
All clinical isolates of group B Streptococcus (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae) are considered uniformly susceptible to β-lactams, including penicillins. However, GBS with reduced penicillin susceptibility (PRGBS) were first identified by our group in Japan and have also been reported from North America. PRGBS are non-susceptible to penicillin because of acquisition of amino acid substitutions near the conserved active-site motifs in PBP2X. In particular, V405A and Q557E are considered the key amino acid substitutions responsible for penicillin non-susceptibility. We revealed that in addition to the substitutions in PBP2X, an amino acid substitution in PBP1A confers high-level cephalosporin resistance in GBS. As the number of publications on GBS with reduced β-lactam susceptibility (GBS-RBS), especially PRGBS, and concomitantly the need for a systematic classification of GBS-RBS is increasing, we propose here a classification of GBS-RBS based on the amino acid substitutions in their PBPs.
Comparative outcome studies of clinical decision support software: limitations to the practice of evidence-based system acquisition
Authors: Dhiman Gaurav Jay , Amber Kyle T , Goodman Kenneth W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) assist clinicians with patient diagnosis and treatment. However, inadequate attention has been paid to the process of selecting and buying systems. The diversity of CDSSs, coupled with research obstacles, marketplace limitations, and legal impediments, has thwarted comparative outcome studies and reduced the availability of reliable information and advice for purchasers. We review these limitations and recommend several comparative studies, which were conducted in phases; studies conducted in phases and focused on limited outcomes of safety, efficacy, and implementation in varied clinical settings. Additionally, we recommend the increased availability of guidance tools to assist purchasers with evidence-based purchases. Transparency is necessary in purchasers’ reporting of system defects and vendors’ disclosure of marketing conflicts of interest to support methodologically sound studies. Taken together, these measures can foster the evolution of evidence-based tools that, in turn, will enable and empower system purchasers to make wise choices and improve the care of patients.
Sensitivity analysis in optimized parametric curve fitting
Authors: Ruiz Oscar E , Cortes Camilo , Acosta Diego A , Aristizabal Mauricio 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– Curve fitting from unordered noisy point samples is needed for surface reconstruction in many applications. In the literature, several approaches have been proposed to solve this problem. However, previous works lack formal characterization of the curve fitting problem and assessment on the effect of several parameters (i.e. scalars that remain constant in the optimization problem), such as control points number (m), curve degree (b), knot vector composition (U), norm degree (k), and point sample size (r) on the optimized curve reconstruction measured by a penalty function (f). The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– A numerical sensitivity analysis of the effect of m, b, k and r on f and a characterization of the fitting procedure from the mathematical viewpoint are performed. Also, the spectral (frequency) analysis of the derivative of the angle of the fitted curve with respect to u as a means to detect spurious curls and peaks is explored.

Findings
– It is more effective to find optimum values for m than k or b in order to obtain good results because the topological faithfulness of the resulting curve strongly depends on m. Furthermore, when an exaggerate number of control points is used the resulting curve presents spurious curls and peaks. The authors were able to detect the presence of such spurious features with spectral analysis. Also, the authors found that the method for curve fitting is robust to significant decimation of the point sample.

Research limitations/implications
– The authors have addressed important voids of previous works in this field. The authors determined, among the curve fitting parameters m, b and k, which of them influenced the most the results and how. Also, the authors performed a characterization of the curve fitting problem from the optimization perspective. And finally, the authors devised a method to detect spurious features in the fitting curve.

Practical implications
– This paper provides a methodology to select the important tuning parameters in a formal manner.

Originality/value
– Up to the best of the knowledge, no previous work has been conducted in the formal mathematical evaluation of the sensitivity of the goodness of the curve fit with respect to different possible tuning parameters (curve degree, number of control points, norm degree, etc.).
Numerical analysis of geometrical and aerodynamic enhancements of a birdlike wing
Authors: Harik Ramy , Nicolas Alipio , Dassouki Mohamed , Bernard Alain 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– Biomimetic study existing natural biological elements to produce engineering products with similar performance and abilities. The purpose of this paper is to highlight biomimetic studies to produce a new type of airplanes: adding remiges, bending ability and flapping mechanisms.

Design/methodology/approach
– The used methodology was to thoroughly investigate the literature, to define the proper endurance and fatigue parameters, to perform a series of numerical studies and report improvement percentages relevant to defined parameters.

Findings
– By adding remiges and the bending mechanism, the authors managed to reach – numerically – the preset desired structure goal. Efficiency increased using remiges with less drag force. In addition, with the help of the bending wing technique, the drag force was improved. The flapping mechanism showed high vibration rates. Last but not least, applying multiple winglets gave a better optimization of the endurance parameter.

Research limitations/implications
– Research is conducted at a university without any research facilities. No laboratories exist, and acquiring research papers is mostly difficult and costly.

Originality/value
– The research study is original in the sense of its numerical investigation. Proposing biomimetic was at the heart of the airplane invention and cannot be stated as an original contribution. Rather the field has been recently abandoned, and performing this major literature review can be considered as original in a sense it summarizes recent to somewhat old advancement.
Shortage of sustainable supply chain talent: an industrial training framework
Authors: Dubey Rameshwar , Gunasekaran Angappa 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify sustainable supply chain skill and propose a conceptual training framework for sustainable supply chain talent.Design/methodology/approach– The authors have used exhaustive literature review of extant literature published in academic journals, reputable reports, trade magazines, books and monographs. The authors further consulted leading experts from reputable bodies to further finalize the sustainable supply chain skills matrix and check the content validity of the constructs of our proposed conceptual framework.Findings– The sustainable supply chain skill matrix has been identified and a conceptual framework has been proposed. The authors further outlined the future research directions.Research limitations/implications– This is a conceptual paper based on the literature review and analysis. This offers opportunities for empirical research.Practical implications– This paper will alert companies to focus on developing talents that would help to achieve sustainable supply chain.Social implications– Better talents lead to better support for sustainable supply chains.Originality/value– The present study is unique in terms of scope and its contribution to theory of supply chain management and operations management and human resource management practice. The study has identified the sustainable supply chain skill matrix and proposed a conceptual training framework for sustainable supply chain talent.
Little BIGS®: small changes that create big innovation success
Authors: Bodell Lisa 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– If we want people to approach change differently, we have to change our approach. Showing people how you want them to behave when it comes to innovation is infinitely more powerful than telling them – or worse yet, mandating it. Instead of top-down initiatives that generate eye-rolling or fear of increased work, it is the small things – the Little BIGS – that can truly ignite desired innovation behaviors and ensure powerful and lasting behavior change. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– “The devil is in the details,” as the old saying goes. But what does this mean? It is the little things that matter. This is a concept that I think is true even when it comes to innovation, but not in the way that you probably think. Even small things, which the author calls, “Little BIGS®” can make a big difference and lead to a powerful culture change.

Findings
– Little BIGS can be as simple as changing a policy, approach, contract, or a meeting. Even more appealing, it is something you can control because it all starts with you.

Originality/value
– In the book, Kill the Company, the author translates this idea that “small things make a big difference” into a powerful culture change concept called, “Little BIGS®”.
Inter-company interaction framework: understanding the 4 Cs framework to promote learning
Authors: Reese Simon 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to introduce a conceptual framework to assist members of an inter-company structure in understanding the partner company's interest in interacting and advancing toward a learning organization.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper provides a framework outlining the differing patterns of interaction between the two separate organizations and describes how each of the differing interactions should be used to align the learning system. Without understanding the 4 Cs from the side of both companies, the interaction may misalign, and the shared vision of learning may fail.

Findings
– In order to best ensure consistency in knowledge sharing across the organizations, the L&D practitioner in conjunction with the sales and marketing arm of the organization should examine the interactions and identify the patterns of interaction before developing a learning system engaging the partner organization.

Practical implications
– Managing the patterns of interaction through an understanding of the 4 Cs allows the organizations to quickly understand why learning systems are failing and where conflicts may arise.

Originality/value
– The paper offers a conceptual framework for senior managers to consider when they enter into an inter-company interaction. The example is set in a wholesale distributor model; however, the framework can provide the L&D professionals areas into which they can expand traditional learning environments when working across company boundaries.
Appraising clever people: lessons from introducing performance reviews for academics in a UK University
Authors: Bird Hedda 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to build understanding of how to engage a highly educated workforce with the benefits of performance management through sharing the lessons learned from introducing performance reviews (appraisals) into an academic environment.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper presents a case study of a four-year programme in a UK higher education establishment. The author was closely involved in the last two years of the programme, and completed a detailed evaluation of the programme for the client.

Findings
– Performance management creates significant value within a highly educated workforce through bringing together individual capability and expertise to focus on delivering the strategy. Obstacles to success such as routine complaints of “time-wasting” and “pointlessness” can be overcome by wide and deep engagement with employees throughout the design and development of the approach.

Research limitations/implications
– This is a single case study; however, the author has worked on many similar programmes with highly educated work forces with very similar results.

Practical implications
– The vast majority of staff positively want a high-quality performance review; the practical challenge is to channel this desire into shared ownership and responsibility for the success of performance review in practice.

Originality/value
– Literature abounds with analysis of what is wrong with performance review, this paper is a rarer piece in that it develops our understanding of how to set up performance management and review for success.