bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Determine if Cerebral Hemodynamic Responses to Pain Change Following Thoracic Spine Thrust Manipulation in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Sparks Cheryl , Cleland Joshua A. , Elliott James M. , Zagardo Michael , Liu Wen-Ching 
Published: March 2013

Study Design Case series. Objectives To use blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine if supraspinal activation in response to noxious mechanical stimuli varies pre-and post-thrust manipulation to the thoracic spine. Background Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of thoracic thrust manipulation in reducing pain and improving function in some individuals with neck and shoulder pain. However, the mechanisms by which manipulation exerts such effects remain largely unexplained. The use of fMRI in the animal model has revealed a decrease in cortical activity in response to noxious stimuli following manual joint mobilization. Supraspinal mediation contributing to hypoalgesia in humans may be triggered following spinal manipulation. Methods Ten healthy volunteers (5 women, 5 men) between the ages of 23 and 48 years (mean, 31.2 years) were recruited. Subjects underwent fMRI scanning while receiving noxious stimuli applied to the cuticle of the index finger at a rate of 1 Hz for periods of 15 seconds, alternating with periods of 15 seconds without stimuli, for a total duration of 5 minutes. Subjects then received a supine thrust manipulation directed to the mid-thoracic spine and were immediately returned to the scanner for reimaging with a second delivery of noxious stimuli. An 11-point numeric pain rating scale was administered immediately after the application of noxious stimuli, premanipulation and postmanipulation. Blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI recorded the cerebral hemodynamic response to the painful stimuli premanipulation and postmanipulation. Results The data indicated a significant reduction in subjects' perception of pain (P<.01), as well as a reduction in cerebral blood flow as measured by the blood oxygenation level-dependent response following manipulation to areas associated with the pain matrix (P<.05). There was a significant relationship between reduced activation in the insular cortex and decreased subjective pain ratings on the numeric pain rating scale (r = 0.59, P<.05). Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence that suggests that supraspinal mechanisms may be associated with thoracic thrust manipulation and hypoalgesia. However, because the study lacked a control group, the results do not allow for the discernment of the causative effects of manipulation, which may also be related to changes in levels of subjects' fear, anxiety, or expectation of successful outcomes with manipulation. Future investigations should strive to elicit more conclusive findings in the form of randomized clinical trials. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(5):340–348. Epub 13 March 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4631
Tracing the depth of the Holocene ice in North Greenland from radio-echo sounding data
Authors: Karlsson Nanna B. , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Prasad Gogineni S. , Paden John D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRadio-echo sounding surveys over the Greenland ice sheet show clear, extensive internal layering, and comparisons with age–depth scales from deep ice cores allow for dating of the layering along the ice divide. We present one of the first attempts to extend the dated layers beyond the ice core drill sites by locating the depth of the Bølling–Allerød transition in >400 flight-lines using an automated fitting method. Results show that the transition is located in the upper one-third of the ice column in the central part of North Greenland, while the transition lowers towards the margin. This pattern mirrors the present surface accumulation, and also indicates that a substantial amount of pre-Holocene ice must be present in central North Greenland.
Subglacial bathymetry and sediment layer distribution beneath the Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, West Antarctica, modeled using aerogravity and autonomous underwater vehicle data
Authors: Muto Atsuhiro , Anandakrishnan Sridhar , Alley Richard B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPine Island Glacier (PIG), West Antarctica, has been experiencing acceleration in its flow speed and mass loss for nearly two decades, driven in part by an increase in the delivery of relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW). However, at present, the configuration of the sub-ice-shelf cavity and bed conditions beneath the PIG ice shelf that dictate such oceanic influences remain poorly understood. Here, we use aerogravity data and ocean bottom depths measured by an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to model the bathymetry and sediment layer thickness beneath the PIG ice shelf. Results reveal that the deep basins, previously found by AUV on both landward and seaward sides of a submarine ridge, extend substantially to the north and south. The water column thickness of the basins reaches 400-550 m on the landward side of the ridge and 500-600 m on the seaward side. The sediment layer covers the whole expanse of the seabed beneath the ice shelf, and the thickness is in the range ∼200-1000 m. The thinnest sediments (<200 m) are found on the seaward slope of the submarine ridge, suggesting that erosion by advancing ice may have been concentrated in the lee of the topographic high.
A blue-ice ecosystem on the margins of the East Antarctic ice sheet
Authors: Hodson Andy , Paterson Harriet , Westwood Karen , Cameron Karen , Laybourn-Parry Johanna 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFreezing temperatures, desiccation and high levels of solar radiation make the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet one of Earth’s harshest habitats. However, our study in the Vestfold Hills area of East Antarctica shows that favourable conditions for microbial production become established just beneath the surface of blue-ice areas, which collectively cover about 2% of the ice-sheet periphery. Their translucent, wind-polished surface allows solar heating to create meltwater in a greenhouse-type environment at depths of up to 1 m. Melting is intensified around dark debris particles, or cryoconite, where we found microbiological activity to be greatest. Rates of photosynthesis (average 2060 ng C (g cryoconite)−1d−1) were adapted to low light intensities (∼10% of surface irradiance values) and most likely dominated by cyanobacteria and Chloroplastida. A heterotrophic bacterial community was also found to be active within the cryoconite, although average bacterial growth rates (5.7 ng C (g cryoconite)−1d−1) were far lower than average community respiration (1870 ng C (g cryoconite)−1d−1). The majority of the respired carbon was most likely associated with the autotrophs and several protists. Therefore, blue-ice areas constitute oases for microbial life around the periphery of Earth’s coldest ice sheet.
X-ray microtomography analysis of isothermal densification of new snow under external mechanical stress
Authors: Schleef Stefan , Löwe Henning 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have investigated the isothermal densification of new snow under an external mechanical stress. New snow samples that mimic natural snow were made in the laboratory by sieving ice crystals grown in a snowmaker. This allowed us to assemble homogeneous initial samples with reproducible values of low density and high specific surface area (SSA). Laboratory creep experiments were conducted in an X-ray microtomograph at −20°C for 2 days. We focused on the evolution of density and SSA as a function of constant stress at a single temperature. External mechanical stresses resembled natural overburden stresses of a snow sample at depths of ∼0–30 cm of new snow. We demonstrate that densification increases with higher external stress and lower initial densities. We find that the evolution of the SSA is independent of the density and follows a unique decay for all measurements of the present type of new snow. The results suggest that details of the SSA decrease can be investigated using carefully designed experiments of short duration which are convenient to conduct. Additionally, we calculated the strain evolution and identify transient creep behavior that does not follow the Andrade creep law of denser snow or polycrystalline ice.
Incidence of Bacteremia After Endoscopic Variceal Ligation of Oesophageal Varices in Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Alam Md Shahinul , Lama Thupten K , Alam AKM Khorshed 
Published: March 2013

Bacteremia and infectious sequelea are frequent complications after sclerotherapy. As cirrhotic patients are immune deficient, bacteremia occurring as a consequence of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) may develop systemic infection. The aim of the study was to see the incidence of bacteremia in cirrhotic patients after EVL. In this study 91 cirrhotic patients with grade II-III oesophageal varices were enrolled and 100 EVL sessions were done. Patients receiving antibiotics, having evidence of infection were excluded. After the completion of EVL, blood samples for culture and sensitivity were collected at 5minute and after 30minute and subculture done in Blood Agar and MacConkey Agar media. We followed the patients for a week. Of the one hundred cases there were 30 subjects in Child A, 48 in Child B and 13 in Child C class. Four patients (4%) had positive blood culture after EVL, three of Child A class and one of Child B class and non in Child C class. All three patients of Child A had culture positive in their 30minute sample and not in 5 minute sample. The Child B patient had culture positive in his 5minute sample and not in 30minute sample. The bacterium isolated was Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, which we considered it as contaminant. None of these patients developed any infectious sequelea. The incidence of bacteremia after EVL is yet to be ascertained. Post EVL antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v24i1.14109 Medicine TODAY Vol.24(1) 2012 pp.20-22
Short Term Outcome of Urethroplasty with or without Urethral Stent: A Comparative Study
Authors: Karim SM Rezaul , Abdullah Sheikh Md , Shaha Bablu Kumar , Rahman Md Matiur , Amin Md Ruhul 
Published: March 2013

Urethroplasty is the surgery for Hypospadias. The most common complication of Hypospadias surgery is urethro-cutaneous (U-C) fistula. We designed this study to compare the short term outcome of Urethroplasty with or without urethral stent postoperatively. A total 30 patients of distal penile hypospadias except glnular variety have been studied prospectively in Pediatric Surgery Department of Banga Bandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka for a period of 20 months, from March 2005 to October 2006. All patients were divided into Group-A (pt with stent) and Group- B (pts without stent). Age ranges of all patients were 2-12 years. After operation no patient developed urinary retention in stented group (Group-A) and 3 patients developed urinary retention which was managed by suprapubic puncture. 5 patients developed urethra-cutaneous fistula in stented group (Group- A) and 2 patients developed fistula in non stented group (Group-B). Calibration was done in all patients after 2 weeks of operation. Before calibration 2 patients came to us with narrow urinary stream of Group-B. After analyzing the result, it was concluded that the short term outcome of Urethroplasty without postoperative urethral stent is better than with stent specially in terms of Urethro-cutaneous fistula. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v24i1.14110 Medicine TODAY Vol.24(1) 2012 pp.23-26
Abiotic conditions affect floral antagonists and mutualists of Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)
Authors: Soper Gorden Nicole L. , Adler Lynn S. 
Published: March 2013

• Premise of the study: While the effect of abiotic factors on leaf herbivory is well known, the relative importance of abiotic conditions influencing both mutualists and antagonists is less well understood. Species interactions could enhance or reduce the direct effects of abiotic factors, depending on how mutualists and antagonists respond to abiotic conditions.• Methods: We manipulated soil nutrients and shade in a factorial design and measured soil moisture in the annual Impatiens capensis. We then measured interactions with mutualists (two pollinating species) and antagonists (herbivores, florivores, nectar thieves, and flower bud gallers), as well as plant growth, floral rewards, and plant reproduction.• Key results: Fertilizer increased plant growth, floral attractiveness, mutualist and antagonist interactions, and plant reproduction. Shade had no effects, and soil moisture was negatively associated with plant growth and reproduction. All effects were additive. Mutualist and antagonist floral interactions both increased on fertilized plants, but antagonists increased at a greater rate, leading to a larger ratio of antagonist to mutualist interactions on fertilized plants. Despite having more antagonists, fertilized plants still had significantly higher reproduction, suggesting higher tolerance to antagonists.• Conclusions: Abiotic effects can have consistent effects on antagonists and mutualists, and on both floral and leaf antagonists. However, tolerance to antagonisms increased in favorable conditions. Thus, the direct positive effects of favorable abiotic conditions on plants outweighed negative indirect effects via increased antagonisms, which may lead to selection to grow in high‐nutrient microsites in spite of increased herbivory.
Origin and development of the cryptic shoot meristem in Zeylanidium lichenoides (Podostemaceae)
Authors: Katayama Natsu , Kato Masahiro , Yamada Toshihiro 
Published: March 2013

• Premise of the study: The shoot apical meristem is the source of aerial shoot systems. In the aquatic eudicot family Podostemaceae, subfamily Podostemoideae, however, shoots develop in the absence of a distinct apical meristem. Previous studies suggest that the cryptic embryonic shoot meristem is involved in primary shoot development in some species (e.g., Zeylanidium lichenoides), although it is unclear whether the meristem maintains meristematic identity. Our aim was to determine how an embryonic shoot meristem is established during embryogenesis and how it is involved in plumular leaf development in the seedling.• Methods: We observed anatomy and analyzed gene expression in Z. lichenoides, using an ortholog of the shoot meristem marker gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM).• Key results: Expression of the STM ortholog, ZlSTM, began in the apical part of the 16‐cell embryo. By the heart‐shaped embryo stage, its expression was restricted to the putative organizing center (OC) and the protodermal cells just above them, forming a cryptic embryonic shoot meristem without a typical stem cell (apical initials) layer. During seedling development, expression was not maintained in the meristem, but instead shifted to the adaxial bases of cotyledons where plumular leaves would form.• Conclusions: ZlSTM expression demonstrated that the meristematic identity is partly retained in the embryonic shoot apex. This cryptic embryonic shoot meristem has a putative OC, but no typical stem cell layer, and it is not maintained during primary shoot development. Modification of the regulatory mechanism between the OC and stem cells might be responsible for this ephemeral shoot meristem in Podostemaceae.
Revised Central Nervous System Neuropenetration-Effectiveness Score is Associated with Cognitive Disorders in HIV-Infected Patients with Controlled Plasma Viraemia
Authors: Ciccarelli Nicoletta , Fabbiani Massimiliano , Colafigli Manuela , Trecarichi Enrico Maria , Silveri Maria Caterina , Cauda Roberto , Murri Rita , De Luca Andrea , Giambenedetto Simona Di 
Published: March 2013

Background The objective of our study was to compare two different central nervous system penetration- effectiveness (CPE) scores for the prediction of cognitive dysfunction in HIV-infected patients. Methods We performed a cross-sectional single cohort study, consecutively enrolled during routine outpatient visits. HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy with plasma HIV RNA<50 copies/ml were included. A neuropsy-chological battery was administered. Each patient was classified as cognitively impaired on the basis of results obtained in age-, gender-, education- and nationality-matched healthy HIV-negative subjects. Self-reported adherence to antiviral therapy was measured on a 0–100 visual analogue scale. CPE rank was calculated for each antiretroviral regimen based on rules proposed by the CHARTER group in the 2008 original version (orCPE rank) and the 2010 revised version (revCPE rank). Neuroeffectiveness categories were analysed based on cutoffs of ≥1.5 (orCPE rank) or ≥6 (revCPE rank). Results A total of 101 patients were enrolled (66% male, median age 47 years, median education 13 years); mean adherence was 81%. orCPE rank ≥1.5 and revCPE rank ≥6 were observed in 85.0% and 78.2% of patients, respectively ( P=0.31). Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI) was diagnosed in 50 (49.5%) subjects. In a multivariable model, after adjusting for nationality, adherence and nadir CD4+ T-cell count, orCPE rank did not show an association with cognitive performance ( P=0.704). By contrast, patients with revCPE rank ≥6 (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.11, 0.95; P=0.039) and adherence ≥80% (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.15, 0.99; P=0.047) showed a decreased risk of cognitive impairment. Conclusions A high prevalence of ANI was observed in virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals. The revCPE rank showed improved association with neurocognitive dysfunction over the orCPE rank. Moreover, a relationship between cognitive impairment and adherence to antiretroviral therapy was found.
Mini-projects in Chemical Engineering Laboratory
Authors: Cancela Angeles , Sanchez Angel , Maceiras Rocio 
Published: March 2013

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:Revision>0</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages> <o:Words>77</o:Words> <o:Characters>439</o:Characters> <o:Company>Universidade de Vigo</o:Company> <o:Lines>3</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>539</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:DontAutofitConstrainedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Tabla normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">Chemical engineering laboratory practices based in mini-projects were design and applied the students of forestry engineering in chemical subject. This way of practice reveals a more cooperative learning and a different style of experimentation. The stated goal was to design practices that motivate students and to enable them to develop different skills, including cross teamwork and communication. This paper describes how these practices were developed and the advantages and disadvantages of using this methodology of teaching.</span><!--EndFragment-->
Contribution of temporal dominance of sensations method to the sensory description of taste properties of commercial green tea brands
Authors: Trembecká Lenka , Fekete Tomáš , Beňová Zuzana , Dubová Noémi 
Published: March 2013

This paper aims to investigate the most dominant taste attributes of green tea samples in panelists perception over time. In order to assess the samples, a brand new method of sensory evaluation called „Temporal Dominance of Sensations“ was used. The five commercial green tea brands were evaluated by eight trained panelists (students). For each sample of green tea, curves of the dominance of each attribute over time were computed. The TDS curves provided information about the sequence of attributes that were dominant during degustation. This methodology was useful to characterize taste properties of green tea samples.
Biomechanical Behavior of Bone Scaffolds Made of Additive Manufactured Tricalciumphosphate and Titanium Alloy under Different Loading Conditions
Authors: Wieding Jan , Fritsche Andreas , Heinl Peter , Körner Carolin , Cornelsen Matthias , Seitz Hermann , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Bader Rainer 
Published: March 2013

Purpose The repair of large segmental bone defects caused by fracture, tumor or infection remains challenging in orthopedic surgery. The capability of two different bone scaffold materials, sintered tricalciumphosphate and a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V), were determined by mechanical and biomechanical testing. Methods All scaffolds were fabricated by means of additive manufacturing techniques with identical design and controlled pore geometry. Small-sized sintered TCP scaffolds (10 mm diameter, 21 mm length) were fabricated as dense and open-porous samples and tested in an axial loading procedure. Material properties for titanium alloy were determined by using both tensile (dense) and compressive test samples (open-porous). Furthermore, large-sized open-porous TCP and titanium alloy scaffolds (30 mm in height and diameter, 700 μm pore size) were tested in a biomechanical setup simulating a large segmental bone defect using a composite femur stabilized with an osteosynthesis plate. Static physiologic loads (1.9 kN) were applied within these tests. Results Ultimate compressive strength of the TCP samples was 11.2 ± 0.7 MPa and 2.2 ± 0.3 MPa, respectively, for the dense and the open-porous samples. Tensile strength and ultimate compressive strength was 909.8 ± 4.9 MPa and 183.3 ± 3.7 MPa, respectively, for the dense and the open-porous titanium alloy samples. Furthermore, the biomechanical results showed good mechanical stability for the titanium alloy scaffolds. TCP scaffolds failed at 30% of the maximum load. Conclusions Based on recent data, the 3d printed TCP scaffolds tested cannot currently be recommended for high load-bearing situations. Scaffolds made of titanium could be optimized by adapting the biomechanical requirements.