bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Adherence to Evidence-Based Practices
Authors: Tulu B. , Lawley M. , Konrad R. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackground: Clinical pathways are evidence-based recommendations for treating a diagnosis. Although implementations of clinical pathways have reduced medical errors, lowered costs, and improved patient outcomes, monitoring whether a patient is following the intended pathway is problematic. Implementing a variance reporting program is impeded by the lack of a reliable source of electronic data and automatic retrieval methods.Objectives: Our objective is to develop an automated method of measuring and reporting patient variance from a clinical pathway.Methods: We identify a viable and ubiquitous data source for establishing the realized patient’s path- Health Level Seven (HL7) formatted message exchanges between Hospital Information Systems. This is in contrast to current practices in most hospitals where data for clinical pathway variance reporting is obtained from multiple data sources, often retrospectively. This paper develops a method to use message exchanges to automatically establish and compare a patient’s path against a clinical pathway. Our method not only considers pathway activities as is common practice, but also extracts patient outcomes from HL7 messages and reports this in addition to the variance.Results: Using data from our partner hospital, we illustrate our clinical pathway variance analysis tool using major joint replacement patients. We validate our method by comparing audit results for a random sample of HL7 constructed pathways with data extracted from patient charts. We report several variances such as omitted laboratory tests or additional activities such as blood transfusions. Our method successfully identifies variances and reports them in a quantified way to support decisions related to quality control.Conclusions: Our approach differs from previous studies in that a quantitative measure is established over three dimensions: (1) omissions from the pathway, (2) additions to the pathway, and (3) patient outcomes. By examining variances providers can evaluate clinical decisions, and support quality feedback and training mechanisms.Citation: Konrad R, Tulu B, Lawley M. Monitoring adherence to evidence based practices – a method to utilize HL7 messages from hospital information systems. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 126–143http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2012-06-RA-0026
A pilot study of the impact of an educational intervention aimed at improving medical record documentation
Authors: Farzandipour M , Meidani Z , Rangraz Jeddi F , Gilasi H , Shokrizadeh Arani L , Fakharian E , Saddik B 
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Studies have shown the importance of medical staff education in improving chart documentation and accuracy of medical coding. This study aimed to examine the effect of an educational intervention on recording medical diagnoses among a sample of medical residents based at Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This pilot study was conducted in 2010 and involved 19 residents in different specialties (internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and surgery). Guidelines for recording diagnostic information related to surgery, obstetrics and internal medicine were taught at a five-hour lecture. Five medical records from each resident from before and after the educational intervention were assessed using a checklist based on relevant diagnostic information related to each discipline. Data were analysed using a paired t-test and Wilcoxson signed rank test. Results: There was no improvement in the quality and accuracy of the recording of obstetric diagnoses (type, place, outcome and complications of delivery) after the training. There was also no effect on the documentation of underlying causes and clinical manifestations of disease by internal medicine and surgery residents (p=0.285 and p=0.584, respectively). Conclusion: The single education session did not improve recording of diagnoses among residents. The gathering and recording of complete, accurate and high quality medical records requires interaction between the hospital management, health information management professionals and healthcare providers. It is therefore essential to develop a more sophisticated portfolio of strategies that involves these key stakeholders.
Positive Economics and the Normativistic Fallacy: Bridging the Two Sides of CSR
Authors: Schreck Philipp , Aaken Dominik van , Donaldson Thomas 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT:In response to criticism of empirical or “positive” approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR), we defend the importance of these approaches for any CSR theory that seeks to have practical impact. Although we acknowledge limitations to positive approaches, we unpack the neglected but crucial relationships between positive knowledge on the one hand and normative knowledge on the other in the implementation of CSR principles. Using the structure of a practical syllogism, we construct a model that displays the key role of empirical knowledge in fulfilling a firm’s responsibility to society, paying special attention to the implications of the “ought implies can” dictum. We also defend the importance of one particular class of empirical claims; namely, claims from the field of economics. Even positive economic theory, which is often criticized for endorsing profits rather than values, can cooperate in intriguing ways with non-economic concepts in the implementation of CSR goals.
Clinical-Scale Derivation of Natural Killer Cells From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Knorr David A. , Ni Zhenya , Hermanson David , Hexum Melinda K. , Bendzick Laura , Cooper Laurence J.N. , Lee Dean A. , Kaufman Dan S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Adoptive transfer of antitumor lymphocytes has gained intense interest in the field of cancer therapeutics over the past two decades. Human natural killer (NK) cells are a promising source of lymphocytes for anticancer immunotherapy. NK cells are part of the innate immune system and exhibit potent antitumor activity without need for human leukocyte antigen matching and without prior antigen exposure. Moreover, the derivation of NK cells from pluripotent stem cells could provide an unlimited source of lymphocytes for off-the-shelf therapy. To date, most studies on hematopoietic cell development from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have used incompletely defined conditions and been on a limited scale. Here, we have used a two-stage culture system to efficiently produce NK cells from hESCs and iPSCs in the absence of cell sorting and without need for xenogeneic stromal cells. This novel combination of embryoid body formation using defined conditions and membrane-bound interleukin 21-expressing artificial antigen-presenting cells allows production of mature and functional NK cells from several different hESC and iPSC lines. Although different hESC and iPSC lines had varying efficiencies in hematopoietic development, all cell lines tested could produce functional NK cells. These methods can be used to generate enough cytotoxic NK cells to treat a single patient from fewer than 250,000 input hESCs/iPSCs. Additionally, this strategy provides a genetically amenable platform to study normal NK cell development and education in vitro.
Diverse Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Sensor Responses from Two Functionalized Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Diimides and Copper Phthalocyanine Semiconductors Distinguishable Over a Wide Analyte Range
Authors: Huang Weiguo , Sinha Jasmine , Yeh Ming‐Ling , Hardigree Josué F. Martínez , LeCover Rachel , Besar Kalpana , Rule Ana María , Breysse Patrick N. , Katz Howard E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNaphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide derivatives (octyl “8” NTCDI, dimethylaminopropyl “DMP” NTCDI) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) are used to form a diverse organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) sensor array. CuPc and 8‐NTCDI are p‐channel and n‐channel semiconductors, respectively, showing expected and opposing responses to analytes. DMP‐NTCDI, on the other hand, because of its ionizable side chain, shows response directions and magnitudes that are not correlated to those of the other two. The result is a distinct response pattern and unambiguous recognition ability for individual analytes. The differences are even more dramatic if the time evolution of the responses is considered. The three‐response patterns obtained from representative polar, nonpolar, acidic, and basic vapors are all different, showing the potential for this approach in rapid, low‐cost electronic detection of volatile compounds.
The role of single‐cell analyses in understanding cell lineage commitment
Authors: Gibson Tyler M. , Gersbach Charles A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe study of cell lineage commitment is critical for improving our understanding of tissue development and regeneration, and for realizing stem cell‐based therapies and engineered tissue replacements. Recently, the discovery of an unanticipated degree of variability in fundamental biological processes, including divergent responses of genetically identical cells to various stimuli, has provided mechanistic insight into cellular decision making and the collective behavior of cell populations. Therefore, the study of lineage commitment with single‐cell resolution could provide greater knowledge of cellular differentiation mechanisms and the influence of noise on cellular processes. This will require the adoption of new technologies for single‐cell analysis as traditional methods typically measure average values of bulk population behavior. This review discusses the recent developments in methods for analyzing the behavior of individual cells, and how these approaches are leading to a deeper understanding and better control of cellular decision making.
Multi‐scale modeling for sustainable chemical production
Authors: Zhuang Kai , Bakshi Bhavik R. , Herrgård Markus J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWith recent advances in metabolic engineering, it is now technically possible to produce a wide portfolio of existing petrochemical products from biomass feedstock. In recent years, a number of modeling approaches have been developed to support the engineering and decision‐making processes associated with the development and implementation of a sustainable biochemical industry. The temporal and spatial scales of modeling approaches for sustainable chemical production vary greatly, ranging from metabolic models that aid the design of fermentative microbial strains to material and monetary flow models that explore the ecological impacts of all economic activities. Research efforts that attempt to connect the models at different scales have been limited. Here, we review a number of existing modeling approaches and their applications at the scales of metabolism, bioreactor, overall process, chemical industry, economy, and ecosystem. In addition, we propose a multi‐scale approach for integrating the existing models into a cohesive framework. The major benefit of this proposed framework is that the design and decision‐making at each scale can be informed, guided, and constrained by simulations and predictions at every other scale. In addition, the development of this multi‐scale framework would promote cohesive collaborations across multiple traditionally disconnected modeling disciplines to achieve sustainable chemical production.
‘It's a fix!’ The mediative influence of the X Factor tribe on narrative transportation as persuasive process
Authors: Richardson Brendan 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the mediative effect of consumer tribalism on the concept of narrative transportation as an alternative form of persuasion process. It provisionally identifies instances where persuasion seems to take place via immersion in a reality TV show narrative, rather than via critical engagement with messages. It identifies several mediative effects of consumer tribalism on such a persuasive process and points to the possibility that such mediative effects include not only initial reinforcement of the persuasiveness of the narrative but also reinforcement of an emergent cynicism when trust in the narrative begins to break down. In finding some initial evidence to suggest that this breakdown in trust may be brought about by a failure on the marketer's part to support tribal linking value, the paper also proposes the concept of spurious tribalism as a means to more fully dimensionalise the possible mediative effects of tribal activity on a narrative's capacity to engage its intended audience. Implications for further work are proposed, and limitations of the current work are identified. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uptake of Heavy Metals by Native Herbaceous Plants in an Antimony Mine (Hunan, China)
Authors: Xue Liang , Liu Jianfeng , Shi Shengqing , Wei Yuan , Chang Ermei , Gao Ming , Chen Lanzhen , Jiang Zeping 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA field survey of native herbaceous plants and associated soil in an antimony mining area of Xikuangshan, Hunan Province, China was conducted to identify species that accumulate heavy metals in their tissues. The results indicate that the soils in the mining area were contaminated mainly by As and Sb, at concentrations of 423.77–526.57 and 228.37–445.20 mg/kg, respectively. Of the herbaceous plants, Miscanthus sinensis and Imperata cylindrica exhibited Hg and Cd phytoextraction, with bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and translocation factors (TFs) greater than 1. Moreover, Phytolacca americana could be used for the phytostabilization of Pb and Cd (BCF = 1.06 and 7.66, respectively), and Cynodon dactylon had considerable potential for As and Sb stabilization (BCF = 2.02 and 6.62, respectively). Boehmeria was capable of accumulating Sb and As in its shoots (TF = 3.12 and 4.86, respectively). Additionally, the concentration of Sb in the roots of C. dactylon reached 2209.3 mg/kg, which is the highest Sb concentration reported in a plant species to date. Our data suggest that native herbaceous plants growing in metal‐contaminated sites have phytoremediation potential.
Random mutagenesis of atfA and screening for Acinetobacter baylyi mutants with an altered lipid accumulation
Authors: Röttig Annika , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAcinetobacter baylyi synthesizes significant amounts of wax esters (WE) and triacylglycerols (TAG) catalyzed by wax ester synthase/acyl‐CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT or AtfA), representing the key enzyme for bacterial lipid accumulation. However, the structure and exact biochemical mechanism of AtfA could not be elucidated, yet. Therefore, a combination of random mutagenesis, screening and sequencing of atfA gene variants was conducted to gain further insights into the relationship between sequence and function of the enzyme. Several mutations could be detected which seriously diminished lipid accumulation in A. baylyi as well as AtfA activity in recombinant E. coli strains, such as Glu15Lys, Trp67Gly, Ala126Asp, Ser374Pro, or Gly378Ser/Asp. The affected residues are more or less conserved among a wide range of AtfA homologs. Especially the highly conserved pattern SNVPGP seems to be crucial, as mutations inside this pattern drastically impair enzyme activity. Furthermore, it became obvious that the C‐terminal part of AtfA is indispensable for activity, although the catalytic core is located in the N‐terminal half of the enzyme. In silico studies suggest that the C‐terminus might form a coiled‐coil fold which could putatively represent the dimerization domain.Practical applications: WE, composed of a long‐chain acyl moiety and a fatty alcohol residue, are valuable ingredients of many commercial products like cosmetics, medical products or lubricants. However, natural sources for high‐quality WE are currently mainly restricted to the expensive oil of the jojoba plant or to carnauba wax. As A. baylyi naturally accumulates WE with a similar composition to jojoba‐oil, this organisms and the responsible acyltransferase AtfA, are of great interest regarding a sustainable biotechnological WE production. However, a lack of structural knowledge about this enzyme family currently constricts promising enzyme optimization approaches. The insights gained by random mutagenesis of AtfA can build a basis for further site‐directed mutagenesis approaches in order to optimize its activity, stability, and/or substrate range.
Batch and continuous lipase‐catalyzed interesterification of blends containing olive oil for trans‐free margarines
Authors: De Martini Soares Fabiana Andreia Schafer , Osório Natália M. , da Silva Roberta Claro , Gioielli Luiz Antonio , Ferreira‐Dias Suzana 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe interesterification of natural fats can improve certain physical and nutraceutical properties by modification of their acylglycerol profile. The aim of this study was the production of structured lipids by lipase‐catalyzed interesterification of blends of palm stearin (PS), palm kernel oil (PK), and olive oil (OO), to be incorporated in margarines. Interesterification activity was evaluated by the decrease of the solid fat content at 35°C (SFC35°C) of the blends. The best interesterification conditions, found by response surface methodology (RSM), catalyzed by “Lipozyme® TL IM” or “Lipozyme® RM IM,” were 65°C and a blend of 45% w/w of PS, 30% w/w of PK, and 25% w/w of OO. Under these conditions, after 2 h of batch interesterification, the product had a SFC35°C of 3.0%. The reaction was implemented in a continuous packed‐bed bioreactor, under optimized conditions, for 226 h (“Lipozyme® TL IM”) or 188 h (“Lipozyme® RM IM”), at a residence time of 7 min. The inactivation profile of both biocatalysts followed the first‐order deactivation model: half‐lives of 88 h (“Lipozyme® TL IM”) and 60 h (“Lipozyme® RM IM”) were estimated, respectively. Free fatty acid content of continuous interesterified blends (c.a. 1% w/w) was lower than that of batch‐interesterified blends (c.a. 4–5% w/w).Practical applications: The obtained structured lipids, with low SFC35°C, are adequate for the production of trans‐free table margarines. Using sn‐1,3 specific lipases as catalysts, the original fatty acids at sn‐2 position will be maintained with nutritional benefits. PS and PK are fats used as trans‐free sources of solid fat, for the margarine industry, which are not very sensitive to oxidation. PK, a lauric fat, imparts a fast crystallization rate and confers plasticity to the final products. The incorporation of OO will enrich the blends with natural antioxidants and oleic acid at sn‐2 position in acylglycerols. The development of response surface models, describing both final SFC values of interesterified blends and SFC decrease, will allow predicting results for novel proportions of fats and oils and/or a novel combination composition‐temperature. The implementation of the interesterification in continuous reactors promotes a faster reaction and lower acidity of interesterified blends, with benefits in terms of product separation and purification.
ASSESSING WHETHER THERE IS A CANCER PREMIUM FOR THE VALUE OF A STATISTICAL LIFE
Authors: Viscusi W. Kip , Huber Joel , Bell Jason 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis article estimates whether there is a cancer risk premium for the value of a statistical life using stated preference valuations of cancer risks for a large, nationally representative US sample. The present value of an expected cancer case that occurs after a one decade latency period is $10.85m, consistent with a cancer premium that is 21% greater than the median value of a statistical life estimates for acute fatalities. This cancer premium is smaller than the premium proposed for policy analyses in the UK and the USA. There is also a greater premium for policies that reduce cancer risks to zero and for risk reductions affecting those who perceive themselves to have a greater than average probability of having cancer. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic cell patterning of photoresponsive hyaluronic acid hydrogels
Authors: Goubko Catherine A. , Basak Ajoy , Majumdar Swapan , Cao Xudong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTechniques to pattern cells on biocompatible hydrogels allow for the creation of highly controlled cell microenvironments within materials that mimic the physicochemical properties of native tissues. Such technology has the potential to further enhance our knowledge of cell biology and to play a role in the development of novel tissue engineering devices. Light is an ideal stimulus to catalyze pattern formation since it can be controlled spatially as well as temporally. Herein, we have developed and enhanced a hydrogel cell patterning strategy. It is based on photoactive caged RGDS peptides incorporated into a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel, which can be subsequently activated with near‐UV light to create cell‐adhesive regions within an otherwise non‐adhesive hydrogel. With this strategy, we have been able to pattern multiple cell populations—either in contact with one another or held apart—on an underlying chemically patterned HA hydrogel. Furthermore, the hydrogel cell pattern could be altered with time, even 2 weeks after initial seeding, to create additional adhesive regions to regulate the direction of cell growth and migration. These dynamic hydrogel cell patterns, created with a standard fluorescence microscope, were shown to be robust and lasted at least 3 weeks in vitro. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 381–391, 2014.
Quantifying cellular alignment on anisotropic biomaterial platforms
Authors: Nectow Alexander R. , Kilmer Misha E. , Kaplan David L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHow do we quantify cellular alignment? Cellular alignment is an important technique used to study and promote tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, regenerative outcomes are often strongly correlated with the efficacy of alignment, making quantitative, automated assessment an important goal for the field of tissue engineering. There currently exist various classes of algorithms, which effectively address the problem of quantifying individual cellular alignments using Fourier methods, kernel methods, and elliptical approximation; however, these algorithms often yield population distributions and are limited by their inability to yield a scalar metric quantifying the efficacy of alignment. The current work builds on these classes of algorithms by adapting the signal processing methods previously used by our group to study the alignment of cellular processes. We use an automated, ellipse‐fitting algorithm to approximate cell body alignment with respect to a silk biomaterial scaffold, followed by the application of the normalized cumulative periodogram criterion to produce a scalar value quantifying alignment. The proposed work offers a generalized method for assessing cellular alignment in complex, two‐dimensional environments. This method may also offer a novel alternative for assessing the alignment of cell types with polarity, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, as well as nuclei. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 420–428, 2014.