bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a risk score to stratify symptomatic adults referred for colonoscopy
Authors: Law Chee‐Wei , Rampal Sanjay , Roslani April C , Mahadeva Sanjiv 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground and AimWith an increasing burden on overstretched colonoscopy services, a simple risk score for significant pathology in symptomatic patients may aid in the prioritization of patients.MethodsA derivative study of a risk score model for colonic neoplasia (colorectal carcinoma [CRC] and advanced adenoma) and CRC alone was conducted in symptomatic adults referred for an index colonoscopy. The accuracy of the final model was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve and the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit statistic.ResultsA total of 1013 subjects (mean age 59.9 ± 13.7 years, 52.3% females) from a multi‐ethnic Asian background (Chinese 56%, Malay 20.4%, Indian 21.5%) were recruited. Colonic neoplasia and CRC were identified in 175 (17.3%) and 114 (11.3%) cases, respectively. Risk scores were assigned to individual factors identified in a logistic regression model of both demographic (age, gender, ethnicity, education level, smoking history, Aspirin use) and clinical symptoms (change in bowel habit, bloody stool, weight loss, appetite loss, lethargy). The risk score for each patient was the sum of their individual risk factors. The AUC of the risk score for colonic neoplasia and CRC was 0.76 (Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit statistic of P = 0.745) and 0.83 (Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit statistic of P = 0.982), respectively.ConclusionA simple risk score for colonic neoplasia and CRC may be able to prioritize colonoscopy referrals in symptomatic subjects from a multi‐ethnic background. A further study to validate this scoring system is required.
Clinical association between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and the development of hypertension
Authors: Ryoo Jae‐Hong , Suh Young Ju , Shin Ho Cheol , Cho Yong Kyun , Choi Joong‐Myung , Park Sung Keun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground and AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is getting an increasing attention for its clinical implications on cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, epidemiologic data are not so evident to sustain the causative association between NAFLD and hypertension, the major cause of CVD. Accordingly, we designed this study to investigate the clinical association between NAFLD and the development of hypertension.MethodsTo assess the natural course of blood pressure according to degree of NAFLD (normal, mild, and moderate to severe), we conducted a prospective cohort study on the 22 090 Korean men without hypertension for 5 years. We serially checked the various metabolic factors including systolic and diastolic blood pressure in order to monitor the development of hypertension.ResultsThe incidence rate of hypertension increased according to the degree of NAFLD (normal: 14.4%, mild: 21.8%, moderate to severe: 30.1%, P < 0.001). Even after adjusting for other multiple covariates, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hypertension were higher in the mild group (1.07; 1.00–1.15) and moderate to severe group (1.14; 1.00–1.30), compared with normal group, respectively (P for trend < 0.001).ConclusionDevelopment of hypertension is more potentially associated with the more progressive NAFLD than normal or milder state. In addition, NAFLD was an independent risk factor for hypertension.
Human cationic trypsinogen but not serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1 variants increase the risk of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Chang Ming‐Chu , Jan I‐Shiow , Liang Po‐Chin , Jeng Yung‐Ming , Yang Ching‐Yao , Tien Yu‐Wen , Wong Jau‐Min , Chang Yu‐Ting 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground and AimAutoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a distinct disease entity. Whether the genes involved in pancreatic acinar cell injury, cationic trypsinogen gene (protease, serine, 1 [trypsin 1] [PRSS1]) and the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor gene (serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1 [SPINK1]), are associated with AIP remains to be explored.MethodsGenetic analyses of PRSS1 variants (exon 2 and 3) and SPINK1 variants (exon 1, 2, and 3) including the intronic areas in 118 patients with AIP and 200 control subjects were performed by direct DNA sequencing. Clinical features including imaging, histology, serology, response to steroid, and extra‐pancreatic organ involvement in AIP patients with and without variants were compared.ResultsA total of 19 PRSS1 variants and one SPINK1 variant were identified in 20 (16.9%) out of 118 AIP patients. They included one K92N, nine R116C, seven T137M, one C139S, and one C139F of PRSS1 and one 2(IVS3 + 2) of SPINK1. No PRSS1 or SPINK1 variant was identified in the control group. Patients with PRSS1 variants had an increased risk of AIP with odds ratio 22.37 (95% confidence interval: 2.96–168.8, P = 0.003) and higher frequency of serum IgG4 above 280 mg/dL. Using immunosuppressive agent and PRSS1 variant were predictors of less disease relapse in univariate analysis. Presence of PRSS1 variants was the only negative predictor for disease relapse in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsWe found a significantly higher frequency of PRSS1 variants in AIP patients than in geographically and ethnically matched control subjects. PRSS1 variants are associated with less disease relapse in AIP.
Risk of adenomas with high‐risk characteristics based on two previous colonoscopy
Authors: Suh Kang‐Heum , Koo Ja Seol , Hyun Jong Jin , Choi Jungsoon , Han Jang Soo , Kim Seung Young , Jung Sung Woo , Jeen Yoon Tae , Lee Sang Woo , Choi Jai Hyun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground and AimThe recommended intervals between surveillance colonoscopies are based on the most recent examination findings. However, whether the two previous colonoscopies affect second surveillance colonoscopic findings is not established. The aim of this study is to estimate the risk of obtaining high‐risk findings (HRF) on the next surveillance colonoscopy using the results of two previous colonoscopies, and to estimate the appropriate time interval for the next surveillance colonoscopy.MethodsAmong subjects who underwent screening colonoscopy during January 2002–December 2009, patients who underwent second surveillance colonoscopy before June 2012 were enrolled. “No adenoma” was defined as a hyperplastic polyp or no polyp, “low‐risk findings (LRF)” as one or two small (< 1 cm) tubular adenomas, and “HRF” as advanced adenoma, cancer, or any sized multiple (≥ 3) adenomas.ResultsAmong enrolled 852 subjects, 65 (7.6%) had HRF at second surveillance colonoscopy. Multivariate analysis showed that HRF on second surveillance colonoscopy were associated with male and HRF on screening colonoscopy (all, P < 0.01). In subjects with LRF on first surveillance colonoscopy, HRF on the screening colonoscopy significantly affected the detection of HRF on second surveillance colonoscopy (P < 0.01). Patients with HRF on screening colonoscopy and LRF on the first surveillance colonoscopy had no different risk of HRF on second surveillance colonoscopy from those with HRF on first surveillance colonoscopy (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe HRF on second surveillance are significantly associated with previous two colonoscopic results. In patients with LRF on first surveillance, screening colonoscopic findings should be considered to determine the optimal surveillance interval.
TOGETHER – A Couples’ Program to Improve Communication, Coping, and Financial Management Skills: Development and Initial Pilot‐Testing
Authors: Falconier Mariana K. 
Published: June 2014

The accumulated knowledge about the negative impact of financial strain on couple's relationship functioning and the magnitude of the latest economic downturn have brought together the fields of financial counseling and couples’ therapy. This article describes the development of a new interdisciplinary program that aims at helping couples under financial strain improve their financial management, communication, and dyadic coping skills. The article also reports the results from its initial pilot‐testing with data collected from 18 financially distressed couples before and after participation in the program and 3 months later. Results from repeated measures ANOVAs suggest that the program may help reduce both partners’ financial strain and the male negative communication and improve both partners’ financial management skills and strategies to cope together with financial strain, and the male relationship satisfaction. These findings together with the high satisfaction reported by participants regarding the structure and content of the sessions and homework suggest that this program may be a promising approach to help couples experiencing financial strain. Gender differences, clinical implications, and possibilities for further research are also discussed.
A randomized comparison of the efficacy of low volume deep placement cheek injection vs. mid‐ to deep dermal nasolabial fold injection technique for the correction of nasolabial folds
Authors: Goodier Molly , Elm Kendra , Wallander Irmina , Zelickson Brian , Schram Sarah 
Published: June 2014

SummaryBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are FDA approved for improving the appearance of the nasolabial folds. Previous reports on the use of HA for this treatment have focused on injections directly into the location of the desired correction. To our knowledge, a study has not been done evaluating the efficacy of injecting a low volume of HA into the adjacent area of volume loss to correct both volume loss and adjacent lines.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of three HA injection protocols including deep dermal cheek injection, mid‐ to deep dermal local nasolabial fold injection, and both injections for the correction of nasolabial folds.MethodsThis was a split‐face, randomized study evaluating the use of three injection techniques – (i) deep bolus injection into the mid‐ to lateral cheek, (ii) local mid‐ to deep dermal injection into the nasolabial fold, and (iii) both deep injection into the mid‐ to lateral cheek and local mid‐ to deep dermal injection into the nasolabial fold – for the treatment of moderate to severe nasolabial folds. Wrinkle severity and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scales were measured before and 4–6 weeks after treatment as assessed by a blinded investigator.ResultsPatient and physician observations showed improvement both globally and in wrinkle severity score with each technique used with no statistical difference between techniques. Patients showed a slight preference for injection to both the mid‐ to lateral cheek and nasolabial fold, which was associated with the greatest amount of filler product administered. No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionInjection of a dermal filler, at low volumes, into either the nasolabial fold or mid‐ to lateral cheek results in similar improvement to the correction of the nasolabial folds.
Combination of intense pulsed light, Sculptra, and Ultherapy for treatment of the aging face
Authors: Friedmann Daniel P , Fabi Sabrina G , Goldman Mitchel P 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIntroductionFacial aging is a gradual process that involves a complex interaction of multiple factors including cutaneous photodamage and laxity, subcutaneous tissue volume loss, and bony resorption. These features have all been show to significantly improve with intense pulsed light (IPL), microfocused ultrasound (MFUS, Ultherapy), and poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA).MethodsTo review the use ofIPL,MFUS, andPLLAin combination with the treatment of facial aging.ResultsDespite their extensive individual safety record, there is little data regarding combination therapy with these minimally invasive modalities.ConclusionsIPL,MFUS, andPLLAmay be safely performed in a single treatment session to target multiple tissue planes concurrently without increased adverse events.
Race/Ethnicity, Attitudes, and Living With Parents During Young Adulthood
Authors: Britton Marcus L. 
Published: June 2014

Non‐White young adults are more likely to live with their parents throughout their 20s, more likely to return home after going away to college, and less likely to leave again after returning. Scholars have speculated that subcultural differences in attitudes toward marriage and family play a key role in generating racial/ethnic differences in rates of coresidence with parents among young adults. Data from the National Education Longitudinal Survey of 1988 (N = 11,228) were analyzed in order to test this hypothesis. Attitudes toward marriage and family were significantly associated with coresidence, especially among young men, but did not substantially account for racial/ethnic differences in living arrangements. Among young non‐White women and young Black men, higher rates of coresidence were related to differences from Whites in socioeconomic or marital status (and sometimes both) that were largely independent of differences in attitudes toward marriage and family.
Predicting autism diagnosis by 7 years of age using parent report of infant social communication skills
Authors: Veness Carly , Prior Margot , Eadie Patricia , Bavin Edith , Reilly Sheena 
Published: June 2014

AimThe aim of this study is to identify social communication skills in infancy which predict autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis by 7 years as compared with children with other developmental difficulties or typical development from within a population sample.MethodsChildren with an ASD (n = 41), developmental delay (n = 28), language impairment (n = 47) and typical development (n = 41) were drawn from a large, longitudinal community sample following children from 8 months to 7 years of age, the Early Language in Victoria Study. At 7 years of age, early social communication skills at 8, 12 and 24 months from the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Infant–Toddler Checklist and the MacArthur‐Bates Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Gestures were compared between groups and used to predict ASD diagnosis.ResultsSignificant predictors of ASD diagnosis were found from 8 months, predominantly focused on gesture use and communicative behaviours, such as requesting and joint attention. While comparisons between children with ASD and children with language impairment and typical development revealed differences from 8 months of age, the developmental delay group did not differ significantly from ASD on any measure until 24 months of age. At 24 months, children with ASD had lower Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Use of Communication scores as compared with all other groups.ConclusionsThe capacity to identify early markers of ASD should facilitate awareness of the risk of an ASD as compared with other developmental problems and point to the need for further developmental assessment, monitoring and provision of early intervention if indicated.
Feasibility of trialling cord blood stem cell treatments for cerebral palsy inAustralia
Authors: Crompton Kylie E , Elwood Ngaire , Kirkland Mark , Clark Pamela , Novak Iona , Reddihough Dinah 
Published: June 2014

AimUmbilical cord blood may have therapeutic benefit in children with cerebral palsy (CP), but further studies are required. On first appearance it seems thatAustralia is well placed for such a trial because we have excellence inCPresearch backed by extensiveCPregisters, and both public and private cord blood banks. We aimed to examine the possibilities of conducting a trial of autologous umbilical cord blood cells (UCBCs) as a treatment for children withCPinAustralia.MethodsData linkages betweenCPregisters and cord blood banks were used to estimate potential participant numbers for a trial of autologousUCBCsfor children withCP.ResultsAs of early 2013, oneVictorian child withCPhad cord blood stored in the public bank, and between 1 and 3 children had their cord blood stored atCellCareAustralia (private cord blood bank). InNewSouthWales, we counted two children on theCPregister who had their stored cord blood available in early 2013. We estimate that there are between 10 and 24 children withCPof any type who have autologous cord blood available acrossAustralia.ConclusionsIn nations with small populations likeAustralia, combined withAustralia's relatively low per capita cord blood storage to date, it is not currently feasible to conduct trials of autologousUCBCsfor children withCP. Other options must be explored, such as allogeneicUCBCsor prospective trials for neonates at risk ofCP.
Where should we measure waist circumference in clinically overweight and obese youth?
Authors: Sabin Matthew A , Wong Nicole , Campbell Penny , Lee Katherine J , McCallum Zoë , Werther George A 
Published: June 2014

AimsWaist circumference (WC) measurement is a useful tool in the assessment of overweight/obese individuals, but standard measures may miss an apron of ‘overhanging’ fat (termed ‘panniculus’). The objective of this study was to assess whether, in clinically overweight/obese youth, ‘pannicular’ WC better correlates with fat mass than a standard WC measurement.MethodsStandard and pannicular WC, alongside body composition (BC) measures, were collected from 181 consultations on 127 overweight and obese children/adolescents (52% male; mean (standard deviation) age 12.5 (3.4) years). Correlation coefficients describe associations between WC and measures of BC, and between ΔWC and ΔBC, while linear regression models assessed which of the WC measures explained more of the variability in BC and ΔBC over time.ResultsStandard and pannicular WC were highly correlated (r = 0.95). Correlation coefficients with measures of BC were generally greater for pannicular than standard WC, with greatest correlations seen for whole body (r = 0.94 vs. 0.85, respectively) and truncal (r = 0.86 vs. 0.77) fat mass. Furthermore, pannicular and Δpannicular WC explained more variability in truncal fat and Δtruncal fat than the standard measure of WC.ConclusionsThese data show that pannicular, rather than standard, WC measurements better correlate with absolute measures of fat mass, and their change over time, in clinically overweight/obese youth.
Human papillomavirus vaccination: Where are we now?
Authors: Brotherton Julia ML 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe development of efficacious prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines provided an opportunity for the primary prevention of related infections and diseases. Certain oncogenic human papillomaviruses that preferentially infect the genital epithelium cause cervical cancer and a substantial proportion of anal, penile, vaginal, vulvar and oropharyngeal cancers. Following extensive clinical trials demonstrating their efficacy and safety, two vaccines have been in global use for over 6 years. This review summarises the accumulated evidence regarding their high level of efficacy, safety in population usage, reductions in genital warts, infections and cervical disease following their adoption, and facilitators and barriers to achieving high vaccination coverage. The review also discusses practical issues and frequently asked questions regarding duration of effect, vaccination of women treated for cervical disease and alternate vaccination schedules, as well as the need to review cervical screening strategies in the post‐ vaccination environment.
Long-Term Treatment Patterns of Testosterone Replacement Medications
Authors: Donatucci Craig , Cui Zhanglin , Fang Yun , Muram David 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is prescribed to men diagnosed with hypogonadism to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and improve overall health. However, most men use TRT for only a short duration.

Aim
To evaluate the long-term treatment patterns in hypogonadal men using topical TRT or short-lasting TRT injections.

Methods
Using the Truven MarketScan® Database, 15,435 men who received their first (index) topical TRT prescription and 517 men who received their short-lasting TRT injection index prescription in 2009 were followed from 12 to 30 months after treatment initiation. Treatment interruption was defined as a medication gap of &gt;30 days. Patients who remained off treatment were classified as having discontinued treatment. Patients who restarted therapy after 30 days were classified as cyclic users. Patients were required to have continuous insurance coverage during 1 year prior to treatment initiation and at least 1 year afterward.

Main Outcome Measures
Main outcome measures were length of therapy, discontinuation, and restarts of topical TRT or short-lasting TRT injections.

Results
The patient characteristics were similar for patients who received topical TRT or short-lasting TRT injections. Of the patients who discontinued therapy during the follow-up period, the percentages of patients who were still on therapy after 3 months were 52% and 31% for topical TRT and short-lasting TRT users, respectively. For cyclic users, there was an attrition rate of approximately 40% to 50% of patients in each cycle. For both topical TRT and short-lasting TRT injections, the gap between stopping and restarting therapy tended to decrease over time.

Conclusions
In this analysis, high discontinuation rates were observed. The treatment pattern of TRT may be related to the disease state rather than dosing, daily use, or mode of administration.
New insights into the dynamics between reef corals and their associated dinoflagellate endosymbionts from population genetic studies
Authors: Baums Iliana B. , Devlin‐Durante Meghann K. , LaJeunesse Todd C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe mutualistic symbioses between reef‐building corals and micro‐algae form the basis of coral reef ecosystems, yet recent environmental changes threaten their survival. Diversity in host‐symbiont pairings on the sub‐species level could be an unrecognized source of functional variation in response to stress. TheCaribbean elkhorn coral,Acropora palmata, associates predominantly with one symbiont species (Symbiodinium‘fitti’), facilitating investigations of individual‐level (genotype) interactions. Individual genotypes of both host and symbiont were resolved across the entire species’ range. Most colonies of a particular animal genotype were dominated by one symbiont genotype (or strain) that may persist in the host for decades or more. WhileSymbiodiniumare primarily clonal, the occurrence of recombinant genotypes indicates sexual recombination is the source of this genetic variation, and some evidence suggests this happens within the host. When these data are examined at spatial scales spanning the entire distribution ofA. palmata, gene flow among animal populations was an order of magnitude greater than among populations of the symbiont. This suggests that independent micro‐evolutionary processes created dissimilar population genetic structures between host and symbiont. The lower effective dispersal exhibited by the dinoflagellate raises questions regarding the extent to which populations of host and symbiont can co‐evolve during times of rapid and substantial climate change. However, these findings also support a growing body of evidence, suggesting that genotype‐by‐genotype interactions may provide significant physiological variation, influencing the adaptive potential of symbiotic reef corals to severe selection.