bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete video‐assisted thoracoscopic multi‐subsegmentectomy based on patients' specific virtual 3‐D pulmonary models
Authors: Kanzaki Masato , Maeda Hideyuki , Wachi Naoko , Kikkawa Takuma , Komine Hiroshi , Isaka Tamami , Oyama Kunihiro , Murasugi Masahide , Onuki Takamasa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionVideo‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery is widely used for resecting early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer. Segmentectomy and subsegmentectomy require a thorough knowledge of the 3‐D bronchovascular anatomy of the lung. Previously, our department reported using a 3‐D pulmonary model of a patient for thoracoscopic surgical treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer. This study investigates multi‐segmentectomy for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer.MethodsBetween July 2001 and January 2012, 943 patients underwent surgical resection of primary lung cancer. Of these, 11 patients had video‐assisted thoracoscopic multi‐subsegmentectomy. For preoperative simulation, virtual 3‐D pulmonary models have been constructed since July 2001.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 69.2 ± 11.6 years (range, 43.0–86.0 years). Histological diagnoses included adenocarcinoma in eight patients, squamous cell carcinoma in two, and large cell carcinoma (neuroendocrine tumor) in one. Tumor size was ≤ 10 mm in one patient, 11–15 mm in four, 16–20 mm in four, and 21–25 mm in two. One patient was treated without lymphadenectomy, nine patients underwent additional hilar lymphadenectomy, and one patient underwent additional hilar and mediastinal lymphadenectomy. No patients were converted to thoracotomy. All patients had a macroscopically negative surgical margin. The pathological stage of patients was IA in nine patients, IB in one, and IIA in one. No pulmonary vessel injuries were found. Three patients had a prolonged lung air leak (> 6 days).ConclusionUsing a reconstructed 3‐D pulmonary model, this study demonstrates that video‐assisted thoracoscopic multiple subsegmentectomy is feasible with adequate margins in selected patients.
Simulating Retention of Rare Alleles in Small Populations to Assess Management Options for Species with Different Life Histories
Authors: WEISER EMILY L. , GRUEBER CATHERINE E. , JAMIESON IAN G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPreserving allelic diversity is important because it provides the capacity for adaptation and thus enables long‐term population viability. Allele retention is difficult to predict in animals with overlapping generations, so we used a new computer model to simulate retention of rare alleles in small populations of 3 species with contrasting life‐history traits: North Island Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli; monogamous, long‐lived), North Island Robins (Petroica longipes; monogamous, short‐lived), and red deer (Cervus elaphus; polygynous, moderate lifespan). We simulated closed populations under various demographic scenarios and assessed the amounts of artificial immigration needed to achieve a goal of retaining 90% of selectively neutral rare alleles (frequency in the source population = 0.05) after 10 generations. The number of immigrants per generation required to meet the genetic goal ranged from 11 to 30, and there were key similarities and differences among species. None of the species met the genetic goal without immigration, and red deer lost the most allelic diversity due to reproductive skew among polygynous males. However, red deer required only a moderate rate of immigration relative to the other species to meet the genetic goal because nonterritorial breeders had a high turnover. Conversely, North Island Brown Kiwi needed the most immigration because the long lifespan of locally produced territorial breeders prevented a large proportion of immigrants from recruiting. In all species, the amount of immigration needed generally decreased with an increase in carrying capacity, survival, or reproductive output and increased as individual variation in reproductive success increased, indicating the importance of accurately quantifying these parameters to predict the effects of management. Overall, retaining rare alleles in a small, isolated population requires substantial investment of management effort. Use of simulations to explore strategies optimized for the populations in question will help maximize the value of this effort.Simulación de la Retención de Alelos Raros en Poblaciones Pequeñas para Evaluar Opciones de Manejo para Especies con Historias de Vida Diferentes
Set as an Instance of a Real‐World Visual‐Cognitive Task
Authors: Nyamsuren Enkhbold , Taatgen Niels A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractComplex problem solving is often an integration of perceptual processing and deliberate planning. But what balances these two processes, and how do novices differ from experts? We investigate the interplay between these two in the game of SET. This article investigates how people combine bottom‐up visual processes and top‐down planning to succeed in this game. Using combinatorial and mixed‐effect regression analysis of eye‐movement protocols and a cognitive model of a human player, we show that SET players deploy both bottom‐up and top‐down processes in parallel to accomplish the same task. The combination of competition and cooperation of both types of processes is a major factor of success in the game. Finally, we explore strategies players use during the game. Our findings suggest that within‐trial strategy shifts can occur without the need of explicit meta‐cognitive control, but rather implicitly as a result of evolving memory activations.
A numerical approach to subsurface crack propagation assessment in rolling contact
Authors: MAZZÙ A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSubsurface crack mode II propagation parallel to the contact surface is a damage mechanism leading to dramatic failure in many components subjected to cyclic loading. A weight function (WF) was elaborated for calculating the applied mode II stress intensity factor (SIF) of a crack in a two‐dimensional half‐space in plane strain condition, for crack completely closed and frictionless contact between the crack faces. With respect to other methods, the WF allows faster SIF calculation, thus being suitable for simulation of many repeated load cycles and fatigue crack propagation. The WF was applied for simulating a case of rolling contact experiments found in the literature, and good agreement between experimental and numerical results was obtained, showing the effectiveness of the WF method in damage tolerant design.
Coronary artery revascularisation: selecting the appropriate strategy
Authors: Adams M. R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAdvances in interventional cardiology, particularly in better efficacy and safety of drug‐eluting stents, have made percutaneous coronary revascularisation practical for most patients requiring revascularisation. While this has reduced the perceived need for coronary bypass surgery, it has also focused attention on the appropriate use of coronary stents and the complexity of choosing the right revascularisation strategy. To achieve the best outcomes, it would seem that collaboration rather than competition between cardiac surgeons and interventional cardiologists is necessary.
DEA nonradial efficiency based on vector properties
Authors: Gomes Júnior Silvio Figueiredo , Soares de Mello João Carlos Correia Baptista , Meza Lidia Angulo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractClassic data envelopment analysis (DEA) models determine the efficiency of productive units, called decision making units (DMUs). DEA uses as its methodology the equiproportional reduction of inputs or increase of outputs and the finding of a single target for each DMU. This target does not incorporate the preference of the decision maker. Later works propose obtaining alternative targets based on nonradial projections on the efficiency frontier that are obtained through nonproportional variations of inputs or outputs. However, the efficiencies are not calculated for these alternative targets. This impedes a comparison among the DMUs. Thus, diverse nonradial efficiency indexes have been proposed based on mathematical averages or weighted averages that do not consider the vectorial characteristics of the efficiency. In this work, we present a nonradial efficiency index based on the initial concept of efficiency associated with each alternative (nonradial) target obtained through a multiobjective model of an inefficient DMU.
Standing Hand‐Assisted Laparoscopic Treatment of Left Dorsal Displacement of the Large Colon and Closure of the Nephrosplenic Space
Authors: Muňoz Juan , Bussy Christian 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo report a standing hand‐assisted laparoscopic technique for closure of the nephrosplenic space (NS), and short‐term outcome in horses.Study DesignCase series.AnimalsHorses (n = 12) aged 5–14 years.MethodsMedical records (2007–2010) of horses treated for left dorsal displacement of the large colon (LDDLC) using a hand‐assisted laparoscopic correction technique with closure of the NS in the same surgical procedure were reviewed. A modified grid laparotomy in the left paralumbar fossa was used with manual correction of LDDLC, after which the NS was closed with a laparoscopic technique. Follow up was obtained by telephone interview of owners or referring veterinarians.ResultsResolution of LDDLC and closure of the NS was successful, with only minor postoperative complications, in all horses. On short‐term follow‐up (>10 months; mean, 23.8 months), 2 horses had displacement of the large colon between the spleen and the body wall.ConclusionStanding hand‐assisted laparoscopic correction of LDDLC and closure of the NS in a single surgical procedure is feasible. Appropriate case selection is mandatory when performing this combined technique.
Currency Undervaluation and Economic Rebalancing towards Services: Is China an Exception?
Authors: Özyurt Selin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe present study investigates the main determinants of the employment share of the service sector using a panel of 66 countries over the period 1983–2007. Based on alternative measures of currency misalignment, the study extends the literature by investigating the impact of an undervalued currency on services. The empirical findings show that together with productivity and income per capita, currency undervaluation significantly determines the total employment share of services. Another key finding is that conventional crosscountry determinants and the exchange rate undervaluation can only partially explain the underdevelopment of services activity in China and in other South‐East Asian countries. In these countries, policies that aim at rebalancing the economy towards services should include elements to reform the domestic financial market, and the social security and healthcare systems.
Renewable Technology Transfer to Developing Countries: One Size Does Not Fit All
Authors: Pueyo Ana , Linares Pedro 
Published: January 2013

SummaryDeveloping countries are experiencing unprecedented levels of economic growth. As a result, they will be responsible for most of the future growth in energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. The development, transfer and use of renewable energy technologies are promising ways towards low‐carbon development in these countries. However, the UNFCCC processes have had a limited success in promoting them. This is mainly due to their disconnection with national enabling factors and to their homogeneous approach for all developing countries. This paper addresses these pitfalls by analysing the differentiated performance of developing countries with regards to several indicators of enabling factors for technology transfer. Three quantitative analysis methodologies – principal component analysis, multiple regression analysis and cluster analysis – are used to identify the most important enabling factors of technology transfer and to create groups of developing countries according to their performance in these. Policy recommendations are then adapted to the specific needs of each of the defined groups.
Peri‐implant bone formations around (Ti,Zr)O2‐coated zirconia implants with different surface roughness
Authors: Chung Shin Hye , Kim Hong‐Kyun , Shon Won‐Jun , Park Young‐Seok 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the osseointegration in rabbit tibiae of smooth and roughened powder injection moulded (PIM) zirconia implants with or without (Ti,Zr)O2 surface coatings.Material and MethodsTwenty‐five rabbits received four types of external hex implants with identical geometry on the tibiae: PIM zirconia implants, roughened PIM zirconia implants, (Ti,Zr)O2‐coated PIM zirconia implants and (Ti,Zr)O2‐coated roughened PIM zirconia implants. The surface characteristics of the four types of implants were evaluated. Removal torque tests and histomorphometric analyses were performed.ResultsThe (Ti,Zr)O2 coatings substantially changed the surface topography and chemical composition of the both type of PIM zirconia implants. There were statistically significant differences in the bone to implant contact ratios and removal torque values (RT) among the tested implant types (p < 0.001). The histological response favoured the coated surface at smooth PIM zirconia implants. The removal torque values favoured the rough surface whether coated or uncoated.ConclusionsWithin the limit of this study, the (Ti,Zr)O2 coated PIM zirconia implants, both smooth and rough, showed enhanced histological response (bone to implant contact) compared with uncoated ones. On the other hand, the mechanical anchorage (RT) was higher for rough surface implants, coated or uncoated.
Oxytocin in the Central Amygdaloid Nucleus Modulates the Neuroendocrine Responses Induced by Hypertonic Volume Expansion in the Rat
Authors: Margatho L. O. , Elias C. F. , Elias L. L. K. , Antunes‐Rodrigues J. 
Published: January 2013

The present study investigated the involvement of the oxytocinergic neurones that project into the central amygdala (CeA) in the control of electrolyte excretion and hormone secretion in unanaesthetised rats subjected to acute hypertonic blood volume expansion (BVE; 0.3 M NaCl, 2 ml/100 g of body weight over 1 min). Oxytocin and vasopressin mRNA expression in the paraventricular (Pa) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus were also determined using the real time‐polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridisation. Male Wistar rats with unilaterally implanted stainless steel cannulas in the CeA were used. Oxytocin (1 μg/0.2 μl), vasotocin, an oxytocin antagonist (1 μg/0.2 μl) or vehicle was injected into the CeA 20 min before the BVE. In rats treated with vehicle in the CeA, hypertonic BVE increased urinary volume, sodium excretion, plasma oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (AVP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels and also increased the expression of OT and AVP mRNA in the Pa and SON. In rats pre‐treated with OT in the CeA, previously to the hypertonic BVE, there were further significant increases in plasma AVP, OT and ANP levels, urinary sodium and urine output, as well as in gene expression (AVP and OT mRNA) in the Pa and SON compared to BVE alone. Vasotocin reduced sodium, urine output and ANP levels, although no changes were observed in plasma AVP and OT levels or in the expression of the AVP and OT genes in both hypothalamic nuclei. The results of the present study suggest that oxytocin in the CeA exerts a facilitatory role in the maintenance of hydroelectrolyte balance in response to changes in extracellular volume and osmolality.
Fluid shear stress and melatonin in combination activate anabolic proteins in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast cells
Authors: Kim Chi Hyun , Yoo Yeong‐Min 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this study, we investigated whether fluid shear stress and melatonin in combination stimulate the anabolic proteins through the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (p‐ERK) in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast cells. First, we researched why fluid shear stress and melatonin in combination influence cell survival. Fluid shear stress (1 hr) and melatonin (1 mm) in combination reduced autophagic marker LC3‐II compared with fluid shear stress (1 hr) and/or melatonin (0.1 mm). Under the same conditions for fluid shear stress, markers of cell survival signaling pathway p‐ERK, phosphorylation of serine‐threonine protein kinase (p‐Akt), phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (p‐mTOR), and p85‐S6K were investigated. p‐Akt, p‐mTOR (Ser 2481) expressions increased with the addition of 1 mm melatonin prior to 0.1 mm melatonin treatment. However, p‐S6K expression did not change significantly. Next, mitochondria activity including Bcl‐2, Bax, catalase, and Mn‐superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD) were studied. Expressions of Bcl‐2, Bax, and catalase proteins were low under fluid shear stress plus 1 mm melatonin compared with only fluid shear stress alone, whereas Mn‐SOD expression was high compared with conditions of no fluid shear stress. Finally, the anabolic proteins of bone, osteoprotegerin, type I collagen (collagen I), and bone sialoprotein II (BSP II) were checked. These proteins increased with combined fluid shear stress (1, 4 hr) and melatonin (0.1, 1 mm). Together, these results suggest that fluid shear stress and melatonin in combination may increase the expression of anabolic proteins through the p‐ERK in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast cells. Therefore, fluid shear stress in combination with melatonin may promote the anabolic response of osteoblasts.
Divergence in student and educator conceptual structures during auscultation training
Authors: Brydges Ryan , Peets Adam , Issenberg S Barry , Regehr Glenn 
Published: January 2013

Context  Simulation‐based medical education allows trainees to engage in self‐regulated learning (SRL), yet research aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of SRL in this context is relatively absent. We compared ‘unguided’ SRL with ‘directed’ SRL (DSRL), wherein learners followed an expert‐designed booklet.Methods  Year 1 medical students (n = 37) were randomly assigned to practise identifying seven cardiac murmurs using a simulator and video only (SRL group) or a simulator and video plus the booklet (DSRL group). All participants completed a 22‐item test 3 weeks later. To compare interventions, we analysed students’ diagnostic accuracy. As a novel source of evidence, we documented how participants autonomously sequenced the seven murmurs during initial and delayed practice sessions. In addition, we surveyed clinical educators (n = 17) to find out how they would sequence their teaching of these murmurs.Results  The DSRL group used 50% more training time than the SRL group (p < 0.001). The groups’ diagnostic accuracy, however, did not differ significantly on the post‐test, retention test or transfer test items (p > 0.12). Despite practising with the expert‐defined ‘timing‐based’ approach to murmur diagnosis (i.e. systolic versus diastolic), 84% of DSRL participants implemented a location‐based approach (i.e. practising aortic murmurs separately from mitral murmurs) during a second, unguided practice session. Notably, most SRL participants used that same approach spontaneously. By contrast, clinical educators were split in their use of the timing‐based (n = 10) and the location‐based (n = 6) approaches. Chi‐squared analyses suggested educators’ conceptions for organising murmurs differed significantly from students’ conceptions.Conclusions  Contrary to our predictions, directing students’ SRL produced no additional benefit and increased their practice time. Our findings suggest one potential source of these results was a divergence between student and educator conceptions for structuring the practice of cardiac auscultation skills. This phenomenon has not been well articulated in the medical education literature, and may have important implications in many (especially technology‐mediated) educational contexts.
Predictors of outcome in patients with cystic fibrosis requiring endotracheal intubation
Authors: Jones Andrew , Bilton Diana , Evans Timothy W. , Finney Simon J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveAcute severe clinical deterioration of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) may mandate endotracheal intubation. The benefits of intubation were evaluated by examining which pre‐admission parameters were associated with intensive care unit (ICU) outcome and assessing the potential benefits of intubation for survivors in terms of time from ICU discharge to death.MethodsA retrospective analysis of data from a single centre was undertaken.ResultsThirty patients required intubation on 34 occasions (8 per 1000 admissions). Eleven patients died in ICU and 7 after ICU but not hospital discharge. Fifty‐nine per cent of 22 patients intubated for pneumothorax and/or haemoptysis survived to hospital discharge. Of the twelve intubated for infective exacerbations, 33% survived to hospital discharge. Those who died after hospital discharge survived 447 days. There were no significant differences for survivors in reasons for intubation, colonizing organism, frequency of infective exacerbations, severity of illness or pulmonary physiology. Osteoporosis and a greater fall in body mass index over the 24 months prior were more frequent in non‐survivors.ConclusionsPatients with CF developing haemoptysis and/or pneumothorax should be admitted to ICU and intubated promptly, should this be required. Chronic disease markers may be more relevant prognostically than rates of hospitalization or forced expiratory volume in 1 s decline which should not be bars to invasive ventilation.
Sources of Uncertainty in Intuitive Physics
Authors: Smith Kevin A. , Vul Edward 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRecent work suggests that people predict how objects interact in a manner consistent with Newtonian physics, but with additional uncertainty. However, the sources of uncertainty have not been examined. In this study, we measure perceptual noise in initial conditions and stochasticity in the physical model used to make predictions. Participants predicted the trajectory of a moving object through occluded motion and bounces, and we compared their behavior to an ideal observer model. We found that human judgments cannot be captured by simple heuristics and must incorporate noisy dynamics. Moreover, these judgments are biased consistently with a prior expectation on object destinations, suggesting that people use simple expectations about outcomes to compensate for uncertainty about their physical models.