bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Розмір кладки та успішність розмноження синиці великої (Parus major) та блакитної (P. caeruleus) у парках м. Харків
Authors: Chaplygina A. B. , Bondarets D. I. , Savynskaya N. 
Published: July 2014

Установлено середній розмір повної кладки синиці великої 8,9 ± 0,35 (n = 61) та синиці блакитної 9,5 ± 0,33 (n = 12). У синиці великої більшу частину складають 10- (33,5%) та 9-яйцеві (16,7%) кладки. У синиці блакитної переважають 10-яйцеві (25,0%) кладки у Журавлівському гідропарку та 12-яйцеві (17,5%) – у парку імені М. Горького. Встановлено високу успішність розмноження у синиці великої (85,1%) та блакитної (84,0%). У середньому на одну пару синиці великої із гнізда злітає 5,1 ± 0,16 пташеняти, у синиці блакитної – 8,5 ± 0,38 пташеняти. Це свідчить про стабільність урбопопуляції. Протягом існування популяції у синиці великої виявлено залежність зменшення успішності розмноження: у Журавлівському гідропарку у рік розміщення штучних гніздівель із гнізд злетіло у середньому 6,7 ± 0,12 пташеняти на одну пару, упродовж чотирьох років ця величина зменшилась майже удвічі і становила 3,6 ± 0,15. У синиці блакитної такої залежності не виявлено. Найпродуктивнішими у синиці великої виявилися кладки третьої декади квітня (89,7%), що у середньому складає 8,9 ± 0,78 пташеняти на одну пару. Найуспішнішими є 10-яйцеві кладки, частка зльоту пташенят із яких становила 98,3%, що у середньому складає 9,8 ± 0,18 на одну пару.
A tool to draw chemical equilibrium diagrams using SIT: Applications to geochemical systems and radionuclide solubility
Authors: Puigdomènech I. , Colàs E. , Grivé M. , Campos I. , García D. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA set of computer programs has been developed to draw chemical-equilibrium diagrams. This new software is the Java-language equivalent to the Medusa/Hydra software (developed some time ago in Visual basic at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden). The main program, now named “Spana” calls Java programs based on the HaltaFall algorithm. The equilibrium constants that are needed for the calculations may be retrieved from a database included in the software package (“Database” program). This new software is intended for undergraduate students as well as researchers and professionals.The “Spana” code can be easily applied to perform radionuclide speciation and solubility calculations of minerals, including solubility calculations relevant for the performance assessment of a nuclear waste repository. In order to handle ionic strength corrections in such calculations several approaches can be applied. The “Spana” code is able to perform calculations based on three models: the Davies equation; an approximation to the model by Helgeson et al. (HKF); and the Specific Ion-Interaction Theory (SIT). Default SIT-coefficients may be used, which widens the applicability of SIT significantly.A comparison is made here among the different ionic strength approaches used by “Spana” (Davies, HKF, SIT) when modelling the chemistry of radionuclides and minerals of interest under the conditions of a geological repository for nuclear waste. For this purpose, amorphous hydrous Thorium(IV) oxide (ThO2(am)), Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and Portlandite (Ca(OH)2) solubility at high ionic strengths have been modelled and compared to experimental data from the literature. Results show a good fitting between the calculated values and the experimental data especially for the SIT approach in a wide range of ionic strengths (0-4 M).
Experimental adsorption studies on different materials selected for developing a permeable reactive barrier for radiocesium retention
Authors: García-Gutiérrez Miguel , Missana Tiziana , Benedicto Ana , Ayora Carlos , DePourcq Katrien 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTCs-137 was accidentally spilled in an industrial waste repository located in a salt marsh in southern Spain, and a permeable reactive barrier was proposed to retain it. Cs adsorption properties of different natural clayey materials were analyzed. The salt marsh waters show high salinity and high chemical variability, therefore Cs adsorption was also analyzed in the presence of competitive ions, especially K+ and NH4+.Cs adsorption was non-linear in all the analyzed materials, indicating more than one adsorption sites with different selectivity. It was shown that in mixed clay systems with illite, montmorillonite and kaolinite, the presence of illite favors Cs retention at low and medium Cs loadings and montmorillonite at high Cs loadings. In the presence of illite and montmorillonite, kaolinite plays almost no role in Cs retention. The presence of K+ and NH4+ significantly hinders cesium adsorption.
The Behavior of Radiocaesium Deposited in an Upland Reservoir After the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident
Authors: Funaki Hironori , Hagiwara Hiroki , Tsuruta Tadahiko 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn the autumn of 2012, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) launched a new research project named F-TRACE (Long-Term Assessment of Transport of Radioactive Contaminant in the Environment of Fukushima). The aims of this project are to develop a system for prediction of radiation exposure, taking into consideration the transport, deposition, and remobilization behavior of radiocaesium (RCs) from the highest contaminated mountain forests, down through the biosphere, before deposition in a number of different aquatic systems. Especially, it is important to understand balances of suspended and deposited particles and RCs inventory in inflow water, discharge water and bottom sediments of an upland reservoir. In this paper, we describe current research activities performed by JAEA at the Ogi Reservoir, Fukushima prefecture, Japan.According to our analyses the specific sediment yield and the average rate of storage capacity loss at the Ogi Reservoir are 210 m3 km-2 year-1 and 0.15 % year-1, respectively. The vertical distribution of RCs exhibits clear peaks at several sites in the reservoir formed by deposition of eroded soil particles from the catchment that were contaminated by accident fallout. Above the depth of each of the RCs peaks, the distribution of RCs was found to be variable with depth, with concentrations ranging over five orders of magnitude for a single core. The peaks in the sedimentation profiles are probably formed from eroded soil particles entering the reservoir from the surrounding contaminated watershed (most probably during storm events). Results from grain size analyses suggest that contaminated fine sediment tends to be deposited thickly within deeper parts of the reservoir. In addition, above the depth of RCs peaks at these deeper sites, the concentration of RCs approximately increased or decreased as the proportion of fine sediments increased or decreased. However, some fine particles are possibly discharged downstream during operational releases from the dam.
Effect of cement water on UO2 solubility
Authors: Cachoir C. , Mennecart Th. , Lemmens K. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTTo assess the stability of spent fuel in the highly alkaline chemical environment of the Belgian Supercontainer design, static leach experiments were performed with depleted UO2 and 238Pu-doped UO2 at different SA/V ratios for 1.5 years in cement waters (11.7< pH < 13.5) at ambient temperature and under argon atmosphere. The influence of the calcium concentration on the uranium release was also investigated. While the ultrafiltered U(IV) concentration was 10-9-10-8 mol.L-1 and independent of the pH, the U(VI) release from the UO2 surface was enhanced by the OH- concentration, leading to soluble U concentrations up to 10-5 mol.L-1 at high SA/V and under the influence of radiolysis. Together with the high Ca concentration, this can lead to the formation of Ca-U(VI) colloids as precursor of Ca-U(VI) secondary phases, decreasing the soluble U concentration. The precipitation of Ca-U secondary phases was however not clearly evidenced by surface analyses.
Calcium Vanadinite: An Alternative Apatite Host for Cl-rich Wastes
Authors: Gilbert M. R. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTApatites are often seen as good potential candidates for the immobilization of halide-rich wastes and, in particular, chlorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3Cl) has received much attention in recent years. However, synthesis of chlorapatite waste-forms can produce a complicated multi-phase system, with a number of secondary phases forming, including β-TCP (Ca3(PO4)2), spodiosite (Ca2(PO4)Cl) and pyrophosphate (Ca2P2O7), many of which require elevated temperatures and extended calcinations times to reduce. Calcium vanadinite (Ca5(VO4)3Cl) demonstrates a much simpler phase system, with calcination at 750 °C yielding Ca5(VO4)3Cl together a small quantity of a Ca2V2O7secondary phase, the formation of which can be retarded by the addition of excess CaCl2. Characterization of compositions doped with SmCl3as an inactive analogue for AnCl3show the Cl to be immobilized in the vanadinite whilst the Sm forms a wakefieldite (SmVO4) phase.
PCBs in Sludge: Development of a Practical Extraction Procedure and Its Application in an Urban Water Resource Recovery Facility
Authors: Kaya Devrim , Karakas Filiz , Sanin F. Dilek , Imamoglu Ipek 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT: Sludges originating from water resource recovery facilities act as a sink for various contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Investigation of such pollutants provides detailed information about the pollutant burden of the region from which incoming wastewater is derived. However, the current extraction methods for PCBs in wastewater and sludge are both time‐ and solvent‐consuming. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to develop a practical PCB extraction procedure and to monitor PCB levels in sludge originating from an urban water resource recovery facility (WRRF). Procedure applicability was shown by comparing the extraction results of certified reference materials with that of Soxhlet and by checking surrogate recovery. Diethyl ether, hexane, and hexane:acetone mixture were evaluated as the PCB extraction solvent; hexane was the most efficient solvent with the recovery results (89 to 102%) in an acceptable range of 70 to 130%. The PCB concentrations of the WRRF sludges were in the range of 3.6 ± 0.3 to 64.4 ± 9.3 μg/kg dry matter.
Amalgamation bases for the class of lattice-ordered groups
Authors: Bludov V. , Glass A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We prove
TheoremA. The cardinal product of two copies of the integers is an amalgamation base for the class of all lattice-ordered groups but their lexicographic product is not.
This answers Problem 27 of [Black Swamp Problem Book (W. Charles Holland, ed.), Bowling Green State University, 1982].
We also prove
TheoremB. he cardinal product of n copies of the integers is not an amalgamation base for the class of all lattice-ordered groups if n ≥ 3.
Low-dimensional topology and ordering groups
Authors: Rolfsen Dale 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This expository paper explores the interaction of group ordering with topological questions, especially in dimensions 2 and 3. Among the topics considered are surfaces, braid groups, 3-manifolds and their structures such as foliations and mappings between them. A final section explores currently ongoing research regarding spaces of homeomorphisms and their orderability properties. This is not meant to be a comprehensive survey, but rather just a taste of the rich relationship between topology and the theory of ordered groups.
Hölder categories
Authors: Hager Anthony , Martínez Jorge 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Hölder categories are invented to provide an axiomatic foundation for the study of categories of archimedean lattice-ordered algebraic structures. The basis of such a study is Hölder’s Theorem (1908), stating that the archimedean totally ordered groups are precisely the subgroups of the additive real numbers ℝ with the usual addition and ordering, which remains the single most consequential result in the studies of lattice-ordered algebraic systems since Birkhoff and Fuchs to the present.
This study originated with interest in W*, the category of all archimedean lattice-ordered groups with a designated strong order unit, and the ℓ-homomorphisms which preserve those units, and, more precisely, with interest in the epireflections on W*. In the course of this study, certain abstract notions jumped to the forefront. Two of these, in particular, seem to have been mostly overlooked; some notion of simplicity appears to be essential to any kind of categorical study of W*, as are the quasi-initial objects in a category. Once these two notions have been brought into the conversation, a Hölder category may then be defined as one which is complete, well powered, and in which
(a) the initial object I is simple, and
(b) there is a simple quasi-initial coseparator R.
In this framework it is shown that the epireflective hull of R is the least monoreflective class. And, when I = R — that is, the initial element is simple and a coseparator — a theorem of Bezhanishvili, Morandi, and Olberding, for bounded archimedean f-algebras with identity, can be be generalized, as follows: for any Hölder category subject to the stipulation that the initial object is a simple coseparator, every uniformly nontrivial reflection — meaning that the reflection of each non-terminal object is non-terminal — is a monoreflection.
Also shown here is the fact that the atoms in the class of epireflective classes are the epireflective hulls of the simple quasi-initial objects. From this observation one easily deduces a converse to the result of Bezhanishvili, Morandi, and Olberding: if in a Hölder category every epireflection is a monoreflection, then the initial object is a coseparator.
The endomorphism spectrum of a monounary algebra
Authors: Jakubíková-Studenovská Danica , Potpinková Katarína 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The endomorphism spectrum specA of an algebra A is defined as the set of all positive integers, which are equal to the number of elements in an endomorphic image of A, for all endomorphisms of A. In this paper we study finite monounary algebras and their endomorphism spectrum. If a finite set S of positive integers is given, one can look for a monounary algebra A with S = specA. We show that for countably many finite sets S, no such A exists. For some sets S, an appropriate A with spec A = S are described.
For n ∈ ℍ it is easy to find a monounary algebra A with {1, 2, ..., n} = specA. It will be proved that if i ∈ ℍ, then there exists a monounary algebra A such that specA skips i consecutive (consecutive eleven, consecutive odd, respectively) numbers.
Finally, for some types of finite monounary algebras (binary and at least binary trees) A, their spectrum is shown to be complete.
On the Kluvánek construction of the Lebesgue integral with respect to a vector measure
Authors: Riečan Beloslav 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The Kluvánek construction of the Lebesgue integral is extended in two directions. First, instead of a compact interval [a, b] in the real line an abstract non-empty set X is considered, instead of the ring generated by subintervals of [a, b] an arbitrary ring A of subsets of X. Secondly, instead of the length of intervals (λ([c, d]) = d−c) any vector measure λ: A→V is considered, where V is a Riesz space.
Representations of zero-cancellative pomonoids
Authors: Paseka Jan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Several familiar results on representations of MV-algebras shape the idea that the use of solving systems of linear equations can be studied also in the setting of zero-cancellative commutative pomonoids. This paper investigates this idea and shows that for the class of linearly representable zero-cancellative commutative pomonoids the respective results apply as well.
Uncertainty in Shear Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Beams With Stirrups – Comparison of EN 1992-1-1 and fib Mc 2010 Approaches
Authors: Krejsa Jan , Holicky Milan , Sykora Miroslav 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The submitted contribution is focused on the model uncertainty related to shear resistance of reinforced concrete beams with stirrups. Using available test results, effects of basic variables on the model uncertainty are analysed. Considering the section-oriented models provided in EN 1992-1-1 and in the new fib Model Code 2010 are critically compared. Proposed probabilistic description of the model uncertainty consists of the lognormal distribution having the mean and coefficient of variation dependent on the considered model. Strength of shear reinforcement seems to be the most important basic variable for most of the considered models.
Verification of Flexural Behavior and Simplified Modeling of Steel-Concrete Composite Bridge
Authors: Odrobinak Jaroslav 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
An experimental verification of actual flexural behavior of composite steel-concrete girder bridge is presented. The comparison of the experimentally obtained values with the values calculated using suitable computational model is also given in the paper. Introduction of changes in stiffness of concrete slab due to concrete cracking into the global analysis is discussed, too.
Algorithmization of Reliability-Based Optimization
Authors: Slowik Ondřej , Novák Drahomír 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The paper presents newly developed university software FNPO designed for reliability-based optimization. The program works with a newly proposed optimization method called Aimed Multilevel Sampling (AMS) in the optimization cycle of reliability-based optimization. For simulation at different levels of the algorithm AMS and reliability calculations program uses cyclic calls of program FReET - so called double-loop approach. The developed software enables to optimize model of general complexity with consideration of deterministic and/or reliability constraints.
Experimental Measurements of Prestressed Masonry with using Sliding Joint
Authors: Stara Marie , Janulikova Martina 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Contribution deals with experimental measurements of deformations in the place exposed to local load caused by additional pre-stressing. The measurements are made at the masonry corner built in the laboratory equipment. The laboratory equipment was designed at Faculty of Civil Engineering VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava for measurement tri-axial stress-strain conditions in masonry. In this masonry corner two pre-stressing bars are placed. These bars are in different height and are anchored to the anchor plates, which transfer pre-stressing forces to the masonry. The specimen for laboratory testing is performed in the proportion to the reality of 1:1. In the bottom part masonry is inserted asphalt strip. It operates in the masonry like a sliding joint and reduces the shear stress at interface between concrete and masonry structures. The results are compared with the results of masonry without the use of sliding joints, including comment on the effect of sliding joints on the pre-stressing masonry structures.
Phylogeny and antagonistic activity of some protoplast fusants in Trichoderma and Hypocrea
Authors: Hassan Mohamed M. , Ismail Ismail A. , Sorour Abd El-Latif A. 
Published: July 2014

The present work aimed to apply mutagenesis and inter-specific protoplast fusion techniques of two locally isolated Hypocrea and Trichoderma to enhancement their biocontrol abilities against some important plant fungal pathogens which cause damping-off diseases that attacking different crops. The mutants were selected after EMS/UV treatment of Trichoderma isolates. The obtained protoplasts were fused by polyethylene glycol, and six fusants were selected for further studies. The phylogeny of the parental strains was carried out using sequence of ITS region. The BLAST of the obtained sequence was identified these isolates as H. koningii and T. asperellum. The fused protoplasts of the two mutant strains have been regenerated on PDA medium supplemented with the two fungicides. Most of the fusants exhibited fast mycelial growth on PDA as compared to parent strains. The obtained results indicated that partial or incomplete genetic recombination may be possible during nuclear and cytoplasmic protoplast fusion. Most of the fusants have shown powerful antagonistic activity against the grapevine pathogens as Pythium ultimum and Fusarium roseum as shown in dual culture and observed by SEM technique. Results of the present study demonstrated the scope and significance of the protoplast fusion technique, which can be used to develop superior hybrid strains of filamentous fungi that absent sexual stages in Trichoderma enhance biological control activity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10113 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 146-151
Profile of Paediatric Poisoning at a Tertiary Care Center in Karnataka
Authors: Dnyanesh DK , Dnyanesh Suma , Bellad Roopa 
Published: July 2014

Objectives: To determine the profile and outcome of paediatric patients presenting with poisoning to a tertiary care center in Karnataka. Methods: Retrospectively we studied the PICU records of all the paediatric patients who presented with acute poisoning during the 4-years period from Feb 2010 to Jan 2014. All children aged less than 18 years with a definite history and suspected cases of poisoning were included. Results: 106 patients presented with acute poisoning during the study period. The majority of our patients were in the 0 - 6 year age group. Poisoning in this age group was most common with higher frequency in males, the ratio being 1.2:1. The agents most frequently used were hydrocarbons (43.1%), pyrethrine compounds 15.5%, Organo-Chlorine compounds 12.1%drugs, Organo-Phospherous compounds 12.1%, drugs 1.8%. In 1 - 6 year age group 54.7% cases were accidental in nature, whereas in the 12 - 18 year group 93.3% were suicidal. All patients were symptomatic and needed symptomatic or definitive treatment. 21 patients required mechanical ventilation. Almost 3/4th of patients underwent Gastric lavage. Specific antidote was given to 41 patients. 2 patients of OP poisoning died. Conclusion: Our study concluded that accidental poisoning is common in 0-6 year children, the common substance being used in rural areas was kerosene and in urban areas it was found to be pyrethrin compounds. Lack of awareness of parents regarding appropriate storage of these dangerous household products is the main cause. Measures should be taken to educate the parents and public in order to decrease the poisoning cases. Suicidal cases are increasing in adolescents and precipitating factors like exam fear, exam failure, love failure and parental pressure regarding studies needs counseling of both parents and childrenDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10140Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 142-145
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Fish Tissue of Oreochromis Mossambicus Collected from Kedilam River, Cuddalore, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Bhuyan Gyaneswar , Anandhan R. , Kavitha V. 
Published: July 2014

Qualitative and quantitative histological alteration was taken to analyze in fish Oreochromis mossambicus collected from Kedilam River at three stations, which receive mostly industrial effluent and municipal runoff. Histoarchitecture of tissue alteration and percentage of prevalence was used as protocol for analysis. Results showed that number of histological alteration observed in gill like structural alteration of epithelium, epithelial lifting, fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia. In liver blood congestion, regressive changes like degeneration of hepatocytes, vacuolation, and necrosis observed where as in kidney it shows glomerular congestion, tubular degeneration, progressive changes like hypertrophied epithelial cells, haemorrhage in bowman’s space. Among the three stations severe histological alteration and percentage prevalence was observed in order of station 1> station 2 >station 3. Highest histological alteration and percentage of prevalence in three organs of fish o. mossambicus are kidney >gill >liver. The major reason for this histological alteration and contamination of fish is mostly due to industrial effluent. Repeated and continuous monitoring is must needed to protect the aquatic organism.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10141Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 135-141