bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triggering Overall Crystal Polarization by Octahedron Elongation Distortion for Highly Boosted and Selective Aerobic Photo‐Oxidation
Authors: Li Shuguan , Chen Fang , An Qi , Tang Ruofei , Huang Hongwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh carrier recombination causes a huge waste of photogenic charge, which severely restrains the photocatalytic efficiency. Creating polarization electric field by polar photocatalytic materials proves effective to promote charge separation, while developing efficient polarization strategy is challenging and the related micromechanism remains obscure. Here, overall polarization is achieved in Bi2MoO6 single crystal photocatalyst by lateral growth of the nanoplate along {010} facets. Gradual elongation of equatorial Mo─O bonds along the MoO6 octahedral layer occurs, while the length of apical Mo─O bonds basically remains unchanged, thus allowing the large asymmetric distortion of MoO6 octahedron for producing the microscopic polarization. Meanwhile, the lateral growth of Bi2MoO6 nanoplates enables the accumulation of distorted polar units, further increasing the polarization intensities. The inside‐out crystal polarization significantly promotes the separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers. The finely polarized Bi2MoO6 nanoplates exhibit an exceptional photocatalytic selective oxidation rate of benzyl alcohol (BA) to benzaldehyde (BAD) under visible light irradiation (Conversion (Con.) ≈100% within 30 min, Selectivity (Sel.) ≥95%), over 70.7 times that of original Bi2MoO6 nanosheets, on the condition of comparable O2 adsorption capability. This study advances atomic‐level mechanistic insight into polarized materials toward precise design of high‐performance photocatalysts.
Se Vacancy Activated Bi2Se3 Nanodots Encapsulated in Porous Carbon Nanofibers for Aqueous Zinc and Ammonium Ion Batteries
Authors: Long Bei , Ma Xinyang , Chen Lijuan , Song Ting , Pei Yong , Wang Xianyou , Wu Xiongwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBismuth‐based materials show great potential in aqueous batteries. But it is difficult to design a bifunctional bismuth‐based material for zinc and ammonium ion batteries (ZIBs and AIBs). Herein, a electrospinning method followed by a selenization strategy is used to design Bi2Se3 nanodots embedded in porous carbon nanofibers. Experimental studies coupled with theoretical calculations prove that the designs of nanodot and Se vacancy improve the transfer and storage of Zn2+ and NH4+. Bi2Se3 nanodots are restricted to porous carbon nanofibers during cyclic test. An insertion‐type mechanism is revealed by ex situ characterizations. As a result, this well‐designed electrode (6 mg cm−2) offers high reversible capacities of 270 mA h g−1 in ZIBs and 192 mA h g−1 in AIBs at 0.05 A g−1 and long‐term cycle life (60% capacity retention at 10 A g−1 after 20 K cycles for ZIBs, 78% capacity retention at 2 A g−1 after 9 K cycles for AIBs). Remarkably, it still displays satisfactory performances even at an ultrahigh mass loading of 18 mg cm−2. Furthermore, Zn2+ and NH4+ full cells offer high reversible capacities of 120 and 90 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 respectively. This work provides a reference for designing a bifunctional electrode.
Ultrasmall Nanodots with Dual Anti‐Ferropototic Effect for Acute Kidney Injury Therapy
Authors: Zeng Fantian , Qin Yatong , Nijiati Sureya , Liu Yangtengyu , Ye Jinmin , Shen Huaxiang , Cai Jiayuan , Xiong Hehe , Shi Changrong , Tang Longguang , Yu Chunyang , Zhou Zijian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFerroptosis is known to mediate the pathogenesis of chemotherapeutic drug‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI); however, leveraging the benefits of ferroptosis‐based treatments for nephroprotection remains challenging. Here, ultrasmall nanodots, denoted as FerroD, comprising the amphiphilic conjugate (tetraphenylethylene‐L‐serine‐deferoxamine, TPE‐lys‐Ser‐DFO (TSD)) and entrapped ferrostatin‐1 are designed. After being internalized through kidney injury molecule‐1‐mediated endocytosis, FerroD can simultaneously remove the overloaded iron ions and eliminate the overproduction of lipid peroxides by the coordination‐disassembly mechanisms, which collectively confer prominent inhibition efficiency of ferroptosis. In cisplatin (CDDP)‐induced AKI mice, FerroD equipped with dual anti‐ferroptotic ability can provide long‐term nephroprotective effects. This study may shed new light on the design and clinical translation of therapeutics targeting ferroptosis for various ferroptosis‐related kidney diseases.
Real‐Space Imaging of Intrinsic Symmetry‐Breaking Spin Textures in a Kagome Lattice
Authors: Xie Caihong , Deng Yongcheng , Zhang Dong , Li Junbo , Xiong Yimin , Ma Mangyuan , Ma Fusheng , Tong Wei , Wang Jihao , Meng Wenjie , Hou Yubin , Han Yuyan , Feng Qiyuan , Lu Qingyou 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe electronic orders in kagome materials have emerged as a fertile platform for studying exotic quantum states, and their intertwining with the unique kagome lattice geometry remains elusive. While various unconventional charge orders with broken symmetry is observed, the influence of kagome symmetry on magnetic order has so far not been directly observed. Here, using a high‐resolution magnetic force microscopy, it is, for the first time, observed a new lattice form of noncollinear spin textures in the kagome ferromagnet in zero magnetic field. Under the influence of the sixfold rotational symmetry of the kagome lattice, the spin textures are hexagonal in shape and can further form a honeycomb lattice structure. Subsequent thermal cycling measurements reveal that these spin textures transform into a non‐uniform in‐plane ferromagnetic ground state at low temperatures and can fully rebuild at elevated temperatures, showing a strong second‐order phase transition feature. Moreover, some out‐of‐plane magnetic moments persist at low temperatures, supporting the Kane–Mele scenario in explaining the emergence of the Dirac gap. The observations establish that the electronic properties, including both charge and spin orders, are strongly coupled with the kagome lattices.
Atomically Engineered Defect‐Rich Palladium Metallene for High‐Performance Alkaline Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Yupeng , Chen Zhengfan , Ma Nana , Cheng Weiyi , Zhang Dong , Cao Kecheng , Feng Fan , Gao Dandan , Liu Rongji , Li Shujun , Streb Carsten 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDefect engineering is a key chemical tool to modulate the electronic structure and reactivity of nanostructured catalysts. Here, it is reported how targeted introduction of defect sites in a 2D palladium metallene nanostructure results in a highly active catalyst for the alkaline oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A defect‐rich WOx and MoOx modified Pd metallene (denoted: D‐Pd M) is synthesized by a facile and scalable approach. Detailed structural analyses reveal the presence of three distinct atomic‐level defects, that are pores, concave surfaces, and surface‐anchored individual WOx and MoOx sites. Mechanistic studies reveal that these defects result in excellent catalytic ORR activity (half‐wave potential 0.93 V vs. RHE, mass activity 1.3 A mgPd−1 at 0.9 V vs. RHE), outperforming the commercial references Pt/C and Pd/C by factors of ≈7 and ≈4, respectively. The practical usage of the compound is demonstrated by integration into a custom‐built Zn‐air battery. At low D‐Pd M loading (26 µgPd cm−2), the system achieves high specific capacity (809 mAh gZn−1) and shows excellent discharge potential stability. This study therefore provides a blueprint for the molecular design of defect sites in 2D metallene nanostructures for advanced energy technology applications.
Predicting Antigen‐Specificities of Orphan T Cell Receptors from Cancer Patients with TCRpcDist
Authors: Perez Marta A. S. , Chiffelle Johanna , Bobisse Sara , Mayol‐Rullan Francesca , Bugnon Marine , Bragina Maiia E. , Arnaud Marion , Sauvage Christophe , Barras David , Laniti Denarda Dangaj , Huber Florian , Bassani‐Sternberg Michal , Coukos George , Harari Alexandre , Zoete Vincent 
Published: August 2024

AbstractApproaches to analyze and cluster T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoires to reflect antigen specificity are critical for the diagnosis and prognosis of immune‐related diseases and the development of personalized therapies. Sequence‐based approaches showed success but remain restrictive, especially when the amount of experimental data used for the training is scarce. Structure‐based approaches which represent powerful alternatives, notably to optimize TCRs affinity toward specific epitopes, show limitations for large‐scale predictions. To handle these challenges, TCRpcDist is presented, a 3D‐based approach that calculates similarities between TCRs using a metric related to the physico‐chemical properties of the loop residues predicted to interact with the epitope. By exploiting private and public datasets and comparing TCRpcDist with competing approaches, it is demonstrated that TCRpcDist can accurately identify groups of TCRs that are likely to bind the same epitopes. Importantly, the ability of TCRpcDist is experimentally validated to determine antigen specificities (neoantigens and tumor‐associated antigens) of orphan tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in cancer patients. TCRpcDist is thus a promising approach to support TCR repertoire analysis and TCR deorphanization for individualized treatments including cancer immunotherapies.
Automated Diagnosis and Phenotyping of Tuberculosis Using Serum Metabolic Fingerprints
Authors: Liu Yajing , Wang Ruimin , Zhang Chao , Huang Lin , Chen Jifan , Zeng Yiqing , Chen Hongjian , Wang Guowei , Qian Kun , Huang Pintong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) stands as the second most fatal infectious disease after COVID‐19, the effective treatment of which depends on accurate diagnosis and phenotyping. Metabolomics provides valuable insights into the identification of differential metabolites for disease diagnosis and phenotyping. However, TB diagnosis and phenotyping remain great challenges due to the lack of a satisfactory metabolic approach. Here, a metabolomics‐based diagnostic method for rapid TB detection is reported. Serum metabolic fingerprints are examined via an automated nanoparticle‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry platform outstanding by its rapid detection speed (measured in seconds), minimal sample consumption (in nanoliters), and cost‐effectiveness (approximately $3). A panel of 14 m z−1 features is identified as biomarkers for TB diagnosis and a panel of 4 m z−1 features for TB phenotyping. Based on the acquired biomarkers, TB metabolic models are constructed through advanced machine learning algorithms. The robust metabolic model yields a 97.8% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.964‐0.986) area under the curve (AUC) in TB diagnosis and an 85.7% (95% CI, 0.806‐0.891) AUC in phenotyping. In this study, serum metabolic biomarker panels are revealed and develop an accurate metabolic tool with desirable diagnostic performance for TB diagnosis and phenotyping, which may expedite the effective implementation of the end‐TB strategy.
Zinc Assisted Thermal Etching for Rich Edge‐Located Fe‐N4 Active Sites in Defective Carbon Nanofiber for Activity Enhancement of Oxygen Electroreduction
Authors: Pang Ruoyu , Xia Hongyin , Dong Xieyiming , Zeng Qian , Li Jing , Wang Erkang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) with edge‐located metal active sites exhibit superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance due to their narrower energy gap and higher electron density. However, controllably designing such active sites to fully reveal their advantages remains challenging. Herein, rich edge‐located Fe‐N4 active sites anchored in hierarchically porous carbon nanofibers (denoted as e1‐Fe‐N‐C) are fabricated via an in situ zinc‐assisted thermal etching strategy. The e1‐Fe‐N‐C catalyst demonstrates superior alkaline ORR activity compared to counterparts with fewer edge‐located Fe‐N4 sites and commercial Pt/C. Density functional theory calculations show that the accumulation of more negative charges near the Fe‐N and the formation of partially reduced Fe state in the edge‐located Fe‐N4 sites reduce the energy barrier for the ORR process. Additionally, the unique hierarchically porous structures with mesopores and macropores facilitate full utilization of the active sites and enhance long‐range mass transfer. The zinc–air battery (ZAB) assembled with e1‐Fe‐N‐C has a peak power density of 198.9 mW cm−2, superior to commercial Pt/C (152.3 mW cm−2). The present strategy by facile controlling the amount of the zinc acetate template systematically demonstrates the superiority of edge‐located Fe‐N4 sites, providing a new design avenue for rational defect engineering to achieve high‐performance ORR.
The increasing prevalence of cancer in the elderly: An investigation of epidemiological trends
Authors: Prathap Ramya , Kirubha Sherlin , Rajan Aravindhan Thiyaga , Manoharan Santhosh , Elumalai Karthikeyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCancer poses a significant health threat to the elderly, accounting for a substantial proportion of cancer patients aged 65 and above. As life expectancy continues to rise and the population ages, the incidence of cancer in the elderly is expected to increase further. Age is a major risk factor for the majority of common cancers, with the incidence and prevalence rising as individuals grow older. Factors such as chemoprevention and environmental carcinogen elimination may influence the process of carcinogenesis. Studies reveal that the incidence and mortality rates of various cancers in the elderly and extremely old individuals are on the rise worldwide, with most types peaking around the age of 75 to 90, followed by a sharp decline. Birth cohort and period effects also play a complex role in the connection between aging and cancer risk. Clinical trials often exclude older individuals, limiting our understanding of cancer treatments' effects on this particular age group. More research is needed to focus on the unique requirements of older adults with cancer.
Analysis of mortality in Parkinson disease in China: Exploration of recent and future trends
Authors: Lan Jinxin , Ren Yifan , Song Ge , Liu Lu , Li Mingyu , Zhang Renmu , Yin Chunyu , Zhou Hua , Zhang Xiangyuan , Lv Bin , Ma Yaqi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesParkinson disease (PD) is the third leading cause of mortality among middle‐aged and older individuals in China. This study aimed to explore the trends and distribution features of PD mortality in China from 2013 to 2021 and make predictions for the next few decades.MethodsRelevant data were obtained from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Disease Surveillance Point system. The joinpoint regression model was used to evaluate trends. The R software was used to predict future trends.ResultsAge‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of PD increased from 0.59 per 100,000 individuals to 1.22 per 100,000 individuals from 2013 to 2021, with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 9.50 (95% CI: 8.24–10.78). The all‐age ASMR of PD were higher in male individuals than in female individuals, and ASMR increased with age. The number of deaths and ASMR increased gradually from west to east and from rural to urban areas. Furthermore, ASMR is expected to increase to 2.66 per 100,000 individuals by 2040.ConclusionsThe heightened focus on the ASMR of PD among male individuals, urban areas, eastern China, and individuals aged ≥85 years has become a key determinant in further decreasing mortality, thereby exhibiting novel challenges to effective strategies for disease prevention and control.
Risk factors for local recurrence in patients with clinical stage II/III low rectal cancer: A multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Kozu Takumi , Akiyoshi Takashi , Sakamoto Takashi , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Okamura Ryosuke , Konishi Tsuyoshi , Umemoto Yoshihisa , Hida Koya , Naitoh Takeshi ,   Japan Society of Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying risk factors for local recurrence (LR) is pivotal in optimizing rectal cancer treatment. Total mesorectal excision (TME) and lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) are the standard treatment for advanced low rectal cancer in Japan. However, large‐scale studies to evaluate risk factors for LR are limited.MethodsData from 1479 patients with clinical stage II/III low rectal cancer below the peritoneal reflection, surgically treated between January 2010 and December 2011 across 69 hospitals, were analyzed. Fine–Gray multivariable regression modeling was used to identify risk factors associated with LR. Two models were developed: one using preoperative factors only, and the other incorporating operative and postoperative factors.ResultsAcross the entire cohort, the 5‐year cumulative incidence of LR was 12.3% (95% confidence interval, 10.7–14.1). The multivariable analysis associated LR with various preoperative (body mass index, distance from anal verge, cN category, and histological subtype), treatment‐related (neoadjuvant therapy, and LLND), and postoperative (pT, pN, and resection margins) risk factors. For patients without neoadjuvant treatment, LR risk was unacceptably high with two or three preoperative risk factors (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, distance from anal verge ≤4.0 cm, non‐well/moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma). The 5‐year cumulative incidence of LR was 24.7% in patients treated without LLND and 22.9% in patients treated with LLND.ConclusionThis large multicenter cohort study identified some risk factors for LR in the setting where upfront TME was predominant, offering insights to optimize rectal cancer treatment.
Minimum proportion of future liver remnant in safe major hepatopancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Umemura Kentaro , Shimizu Akira , Notake Tsuyoshi , Kubota Koji , Hosoda Kiyotaka , Yasukawa Koya , Kamachi Atsushi , Goto Takamune , Tomida Hidenori , Soejima Yuji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimPost‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) after major hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) is a challenge to overcome. However, the appropriate target proportion of the future liver remnant (pFLR) to prevent severe PHLF in major HPD remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine the minimum pFLR required for safe major HPD.MethodsThis retrospective study involved 48 major HPD patients. We assessed pFLR and remnant liver function scores (pFLR × albumin‐bilirubin [ALBI] / albumin‐indocyanine green evaluation [ALICE]/plasma clearance rate of indocyanine green [KICG]) as predictors for Grade B/C PHLF and established safety criteria.ResultsGrade B/C PHLF occurred in 40% of the patients (n = 19), leading to severe morbidity and two in‐hospital deaths. pFLR was a good predictor of Grade B/C PHLF [area under the curve (AUC) 0.80, p < 0.01] with a 45% optimal cutoff. While all remnant liver function scores predicted PHLF, the remnant ALICE demonstrated the best predictability (AUC 0.85, p < 0.01), with the sensitivity and specificity at 89% and 83%, respectively, using −0.86 as the cutoff. Independent risk factors for Grade B/C PHLF were remnant ALICE ≥−0.86 and blood loss ≥1500 mL. Grade B/C PHLF developed in 14% with pFLR ≥45% but reached 64% with pFLR <45%. However, the rate could be reduced to 33% with remnant ALICE <−0.86.ConclusionTo prevent Grade B/C PHLF, a pFLR ≥45% is recommended. Nevertheless, major HPD may be considered in patients with good remnant liver function.
Further evidence for an attenuated phenotype of in‐frame DMD deletions affecting the central rod domain of dystrophin around exon 48
Authors: Bürger Olga , Humbel Angelika , Ivanovski Ivan , Baumer Alessandra , Rauch Anita 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlterations in the X‐linked recessive DMD gene cause dystrophinopathies with a broad clinical spectrum most commonly ranging from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) to cardiomyopathy or intellectual disability. Carrier females are commonly unaffected but may show signs of dystrophinopathies. In addition, few asymptomatic male carriers with elevated creatine kinase levels have been described possibly related to deletions around exon 48. We now further support this assumed genotype–phenotype correlation by reporting an attenuated phenotype in a three‐generation family with a deletion of exon 48 of the DMD gene with clinically unaffected carrier males and females. We confirmed deep intronic breakpoints in this family by genome sequencing, but such data are not available for published cases. Therefore, further observations are needed to clarify genotype–phenotype correlation in this region, since few reports also describe predicted in‐frame copy number changes affecting this region in association with classical signs of dystrophinopathies.
Operando Spectroelectrochemistry Unravels the Mechanism of CO2 Electrocatalytic Reduction by an Fe Porphyrin
Authors: Salamé Aude , Hon Cheah Mun , Bonin Julien , Robert Marc , Anxolabéhère‐Mallart Elodie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIron porphyrins are molecular catalysts recognized for their ability to electrochemically and photochemically reduce carbon dioxide (CO2). The main reduction product is carbon monoxide (CO). CO holds significant industrial importance as it serves as a precursor for various valuable chemical products containing either a single carbon atom (C1), like methanol or methane, or multiple carbon atoms (Cn), such as ethanol or ethylene. Despite the long‐established efficiency of these catalysts, optimizing their catalytic activity and stability and comprehending the intricate reaction mechanisms remain a significant challenge. This article presents a comprehensive investigation of the mechanistic aspects of the selective electroreduction of CO2 to CO using an iron porphyrin substituted with four trimethylammonium groups in the para position [(pTMA)FeIII−Cl]4+. By employing infrared and UV/Visible spectroelectrochemistry, changes in the electronic structure and coordination environment of the iron center can be observed in real‐time as the electrochemical potential is adjusted, offering new insights into the reaction mechanisms. Catalytic species were identified, and evidence of a secondary reaction pathway was uncovered, potentially prompting a re‐evaluation of the nature of the catalytically active species.