bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining phacoemulsification with endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation to manage cataract and glaucoma
Authors: Clement Colin I , Kampougeris George , Ahmed Faisal , Cordeiro M Francesca , Bloom Philip A 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo examine the outcome and complications of combined phacoemulsification and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation as surgical management of cataract and glaucoma.DesignRetrospective uncontrolled case series from the glaucoma unit, Western Eye Hospital, London, UK.ParticipantsSixty‐three eyes from 59 patients with coexisting cataract and glaucoma.MethodsPatients underwent routine phacoemulsification followed by 270–360 degree endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation as a single procedure.Main Outcome MeasuresIntraocular pressure, number of intraocular pressure‐lowering medications, logMAR visual acuity, recorded complications.ResultsBaseline characteristics included mean age (77.3 ± 11.1 years), mean logMAR visual acuity (1.01 ± 0.98), mean intraocular pressure (21.13 ± 6.21 mmHg) and mean number of intraocular pressure‐lowering medications, (2.71 ± 1.06). Twelve months after phacoemulsification and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation, mean intraocular pressure had reduced to 16.09 ± 5.27 mmHg (P < 0.01), number of intraocular pressure‐lowering medications reduced to 1.47 ± 1.30 (P < 0.01) and mean logMAR acuity improved to 0.33 ± 0.22 (P < 0.01). Success, defined as an intraocular pressure reduction > 20% with intraocular pressure 6–21 mmHg, was achieved in 55.5% of eyes at 12 months. Complications included fibrinous uveitis, elevated intraocular pressure, posterior vitreous detachment and induced astigmatism.ConclusionPhacoemulsification and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation is both safe and effective as surgical management for cataract and glaucoma. Larger intraocular pressure reductions can be achieved in older patients and those with higher baseline intraocular pressure.
The Relation of Aortic Stiffness and In‐Stent Restenosis in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Stenting
Authors: Mahfouz Ragab A. , Abdulmoneim Amr , Abduo Mohammed , Elawady Waleed 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThere is a suggestion that increased aortic stiffness can be the early manifestations of the atherosclerosis process and is related to decrease coronary flow after coronary stenting. We aimed to evaluate whether aortic stiffness could predict occurrence of in‐stent restenosis (ISR) and its relation to coronary flow reserve (CFR) after coronary artery stenting.Methods and ResultsThe study population included 126 patients with single vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with bare‐metal stenting and at least 12 months of follow‐up. All patients underwent noninvasive aortic stiffness index (ASI) assessment before stenting and coronary flow assessment 1 month after stenting. Clinical ISR was observed in 29 (23%) patients, whereas 97 patients remained free of signs or symptoms of recurrent ischemia. ASI was significantly higher in patients with coronary artery disease versus control subjects, and it is significantly increased in patients with restenosis versus those without restenosis (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between ASI and CFR (P = 0.0001). The ASI was significantly correlated with C‐reactive protein (r = 0.395, P < 0.03). On univariate and multivariate analysis, ASI was the strongest predictor of restenosis (OR 6.8, 95% CI 2.6–13.5).ConclusionsIncreased aortic stiffness was an independent predictor of poststenting impaired coronary flow and occurrence of ISR in patients undergoing PCI. Evaluation of aortic stiffness may represent a useful screening tool to stratify patients according to future risk of restenosis.
Perspectives on plant photorespiratory metabolism
Authors: Fernie A. R. , Bauwe H. , Eisenhut M. , Florian A. , Hanson D. T. , Hagemann M. , Keech O. , Mielewczik M. , Nikoloski Z. , Peterhänsel C. , Roje S. , Sage R. , Timm S. , von Cammerer S. , Weber A. P. M. , Westhoff P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBeing intimately intertwined with (C3) photosynthesis, photorespiration is an incredibly high flux‐bearing pathway. Traditionally, the photorespiratory cycle was viewed as closed pathway to refill the Calvin–Benson cycle with organic carbon. However, given the network nature of metabolism, it hence follows that photorespiration will interact with many other pathways. In this article, we review current understanding of these interactions and attempt to define key priorities for future research, which will allow us greater fundamental comprehension of general metabolic and developmental consequences of perturbation of this crucial metabolic process.
Diabetes, lower extremity amputation, loss of protective sensation, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase associated protein in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study
Authors: Margolis David J. , Gupta Jayanta , Thom Stephen R. , Townsend Raymond R. , Kanetsky Peter A. , Hoffstad Ole , Papdopoulos Maryte , Fischer Michael , Schelling Jeffrey R. , Mitra Nandita 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLower extremity amputation (LEA) is a life‐altering complication of diabetes. The goal of our study was to investigate the possibility that genetic variation in neuronal nitric oxide synthase associated protein (NOS1AP) is associated with LEA and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Our work used data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. CRIC is a multicenter investigation undertaken to pursue the relationship between chronic renal insufficiency and cardiovascular disease. We evaluated 3,040 CRIC study subjects; 1,490 individuals were African Americans and 1,550 were whites. LEA occurred in 162 (5.3%) subjects, 93 (6.2%) of African Americans and 69 (4.4%) of whites. In whites, NOS1AP single nucleotide polymorphism rs1963645 was most strongly associated with LEA (1.73 [1.23, 2.44]). In African Americans three NOS1AP single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with LEA: rs6659759 (1.65 [1.21, 2.24]); rs16849113 (1.58 [1.16, 2.14]); rs880296 (1.54 [1.14, 2.10]). We tested a subset of 100 CRIC participants for DPN using Semmes–Weinstein filaments. DPN in those with diabetes was associated with rs1963645 (16.97 [2.38, 120.97]) in whites and rs16849113 and rs6659759 (3.62 [1.11, 11.83] and 3.02 [0.82, 11.12], respectively) in African Americans. In conclusion, this is one of the first studies to show that NOS1AP gene variants are associated with DPN and LEA.
Financement de la protection sociale dans l'Union européenne: rien ne change?
Authors: WAGNER Norman 
Published: December 2012

Résumé.Prenant comme exemple cinq pays d'Europe, représentatifs des différents modèles de protection sociale, l'auteur analyse la façon dont la crise financière et les mesures de relance ou d'austérité, qui l'ont accompagnée, ont modifié les modalités de leur financement, avec des effets régressifs. Il démontre que, à court et moyen terme, les systèmes par cotisations ont des finances plus stables que ceux financés par l'impôt. Le modèle corporatiste‐continental semble avoir plus de chances de rester stable sur le long terme, car il privilégie le maintien de l'emploi, première source de recettes publiques du système.
Crise et politique sociale: le rôle des accords collectifs
Authors: GLASSNER Vera , KEUNE Maarten 
Published: December 2012

Résumé.Les auteurs examinent les accords collectifs conclus dans l'UE en 2008–2011 et leurs apports à la politique sociale: réduction du temps de travail, formation, modération salariale, flexibilisation de la fixation des salaires et de la durée du travail. A cet effet, ils distinguent secteur public et secteur privé: dans le premier, les déficits budgétaires et l'austérité limitent les possibilités de négociation à vocation sociale, tandis que dans le second les négociateurs ont recherché un équilibre entre compétitivité et maintien de l'emploi et des salaires, notamment dans les pays où les négociations sont coordonnées. Ailleurs, les auteurs avancent qu'une détérioration est à craindre.
The crisis and social policy: The role of collective agreements
Authors: GLASSNER Vera , KEUNE Maarten 
Published: December 2012

Abstract.Based on an analysis of collective agreements concluded across the EU in 2008–11, the authors examine their contributions to social policy through provisions for short‐time work, training, wage moderation, and flexibilization of wage setting and working time. They highlight the distinction between the public and private sectors in this respect, contrasting the former's very limited scope for integrative bargaining in the face of mounting budget deficits and austerity with the latter's (initially) more balanced trade‐offs between cost competitiveness and maintenance of employment and wages, especially in countries with coordinated bargaining systems. Elsewhere, the authors argue, the outcomes look set to deteriorate further.
Salarios y desigualdad de ingresos en la UE durante la crisis
Authors: DE BEER Paul 
Published: December 2012

Resumen.El autor examina el impacto de la crisis en el empleo, los salarios, la desigualdad y la pobreza en la Unión Europea, especialmente en Alemania, Dinamarca, Eslovaquia, España y Reino Unido de 2008 a 2010. Tras una revisión bibliográfica, analiza las últimas tendencias y constata que los salarios reales han reaccionado de forma anticíclica en la mayoría de los países, a diferencia de lo observado en recesiones previas. La evolución en cuanto a desigualdad y pobreza ha variado considerablemente entre países en términos de intensidad y dirección. La desigualdad podría agravarse como resultado de los efectos regresivos potenciales de los planes de austeridad.
Financiación de la seguridad social en la UE: ¿continuidad o cambio?
Authors: WAGNER Norman 
Published: December 2012

Resumen.El artículo examina cómo están afrontando la crisis diferentes regímenes de seguridad social en función de sus mecanismos de financiación. Se centra en cinco países de la Unión Europea representativos de los diversos modelos. Muestra que la crisis y las medidas de estímulo o austeridad asociadas han provocado una disminución de los recursos asignados al bienestar social, y que, a corto o medio plazo, los regímenes contributivos son financieramente más sólidos durante las recesiones que los no contributivos. El modelo contributivo continental parece el más estable a largo plazo, al centrarse en el mantenimiento del empleo, principal fuente de ingresos del Estado.
El destino de la política social en la UE. Evolución del discurso político de la Estrategia de Lisboa a Europa 2020
Authors: BARBIER Jean‐Claude 
Published: December 2012

Resumen.A partir de documentos seleccionados de la Comisión y el Consejo Europeos, se analizan los cambios, las constantes y los determinantes del discurso sobre política social de la Unión Europea (UE). Se distinguen tres períodos, el primero asociado con la Estrategia de Lisboa, el segundo con las reformas subsiguientes (2005–2009) y el tercero con Europa 2020. En este último se observa una marginación de la política social frente a los objetivos macroeconómicos y financieros. Paralelamente, la UE se va imponiendo en este ámbito de política, hasta ahora de competencia nacional. Esta evolución parece corresponder al cambio de los actores fundamentales.
Extended roles and the dietitian: community adult enteral tube care
Authors: Stanley W. , Borthwick A. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundRole flexibility is considered central to a health policy agenda stressing workforce redesign measures and professional role boundary change. Extensions in health professionals' role boundaries may involve the incorporation of new or ‘vacant’ roles, as well as the competitive acquisition of others. In the present study, the experiences of dietitians with extended roles in home enteral tube feeding (HETF) were explored and considered within the context of workforce role transition.MethodsSix semi‐structured interviews conducted with dietitians specialising inHETFwere undertaken and the emergent role development for dietitians inHETFwas explored.ResultsDietetic HETF roles emerged as a form of diversification, occupying a task ‘vacancy’, commonly on an opportunistic basis. Role overlap in these community based tasks was negotiated with community nurses, privately funded industry nurses and other medical staff. Notably, role conflict was encountered only with nutrition nurse specialists.ConclusionsTo date, a lack of role exclusivity in a small and confined speciality field with multiple potential competitors has resulted in surprisingly little role conflict. Financial constraints within theNational Health Serviceare considered likely to favour a privately funded service model of delivery, and this may have implications for dietitians specialising in this field. Dietitians also perceived an increase in professional status as a result of extended roles.
Health status of critically ill trauma patients
Authors: Aitken Leanne M , Chaboyer Wendy , Schuetz Michael , Joyce Christopher , Macfarlane Bonnie 
Published: December 2012

Aims and objectivesTo describe the recovery of trauma intensive care patients up to six months posthospital discharge.BackgroundInjury is a leading cause of preventable mortality and morbidity worldwide, with approximately 10% of hospitalised trauma patients being admitted to intensive care. Intensive care patients experience significant ongoing physical and psychological burden after discharge; however, the patterns of recovery and the subgroups of intensive care patients who experience the greatest burden are not described.DesignThis prospective cohort study was conducted in one tertiary referral hospital in south‐east Queensland, Australia.MethodsFollowing ethics approval, injured patients who required admission to intensive care provided consent. Participants completed questionnaires prior to hospital discharge (n = 123) and one (n = 93) and six months (n = 88) later. Data included demographic and socioeconomic details, pre‐injury health, injury characteristics, acute care factors, postacute factors [self‐efficacy, illness perception, perceived social support and psychological status as measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and the PTSD Civilian Checklist] and health status (SF‐36).ResultsAll participants required ongoing support from healthcare providers in the six months after discharge from hospital, and approximately half required support services such as accommodation and home modifications. Approximately 20% of participants reported post‐traumatic stress symptoms, while approximately half the participants reported psychological distress. Average quality of life scores were significantly below the Australian norms both one and six months postdischarge.ConclusionsTrauma intensive care patients rely on ongoing healthcare professional and social support services. Compromised health‐related quality of life and psychological health persists at six months.Relevance to clinical practiceEffective discharge planning and communication across the care continuum is essential to facilitate access to healthcare providers and other support services in the community setting.
The impact of psychosocial adaptation status on quality of life for Chinese patients with visual impairments
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐jie , Wang Ai‐ping , Yin An‐chun 
Published: December 2012

Aims and objctivesTo analyse the association of psychosocial adaptation with quality of life and to examine the influential factors for Chinese people with visual impairments.BackgroundThe status of psychosocial adaptation is the main influential factor for quality of life. The correlation between psychosocial adaptation and quality of life for various diseases has been studied previously. However, there have been few reports on the impact of psychosocial adaptation on quality of life in people with visual impairments.DesignSurvey.MethodsIn this study, subjects with visual impairment (n = 213) were interviewed to assess their demographics, disease‐related information, psychosocial adaptation status and quality of life. The psychosocial adaptation questionnaire and quality of life scale for visually impaired patients were used to survey psychosocial adaptation and quality of life. Correlation and multiple stepwise regression analyses were used to study the association of psychosocial adaptation with quality of life in visually impaired patients.ResultsPsychosocial adaptation was significantly associated with quality of life, including the sense of belonging and psychological dimensions. The results also showed that there was statistical significance for the impact of occupational status, payment, monthly income (family), vision classification and psychosocial adaptation on quality of life, and the status of psychosocial adaptation was the main factor affecting the quality of life in people with visual impairments.ConclusionIt was found that the status of psychosocial adaptation was conspicuously associated with multiple dimensions of quality of life. Therefore, psychosocial adaptation status should be given close attention in clinical care.Relevance to clinical practiceOur results could be used to guide nurses in making a plan for health education and nursing that improves the quality of life for the visually impaired.
Social circumstances that drive early introduction of formula milk: an exploratory qualitative study in a peri‐urban South African community
Authors: Ijumba Petrida , Doherty Tanya , Jackson Debra , Tomlinson Mark , Sanders David , Persson Lars‐Åke 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBreastfeeding is widely endorsed as the optimal strategy for feeding newborns and young infants, as well as improving child survival and achieving Millennium Development Goal 4. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life is rarely practised in South Africa. Following the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) infant feeding recommendations (EBF for HIV‐positive mothers with maternal or infant antiretroviral treatment), South Africa adopted breastfeeding promotion as a National Infant Feeding Strategy and removed free formula milk from the Prevention of Mother‐to‐Child Transmission of HIV programme. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of mothers and household members at community level regarding the value they placed on formula feeding and circumstances that drive the practice in a peri‐urban community. We conducted in‐depth interviews with HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative mothers in a community‐randomised trial (Good Start III). Focus group discussions were held with grandmothers, fathers and teenage mothers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The following themes were identified; inadequate involvement of teenage mothers; grandmothers who become replacement mothers; fear of failing to practise EBF for 6 months; partners as formula providers and costly formula milk leading to risky feeding practices. The new South African Infant Feeding Strategy needs to address the gaps in key health messages and develop community‐orientated programmes with a focus on teenage mothers. These should encourage the involvement of grandmothers and fathers in decision‐making about infant feeding so that they can support EBF for optimal child survival.
0.025% Capsaicin Gel for the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Crossover, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Kulkantrakorn Kongkiat , Lorsuwansiri Chakraphong , Meesawatsom Pongsatorn 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundTopical therapy may provide additional benefit in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). This study was conducted to study the safety and efficacy of 0.025% capsaicin gel in this condition.MethodsA 20‐week, double‐blind, crossover, randomized, single‐center study enrolled subjects with PDN. They received 0.025% capsaicin gel or placebo for 8 weeks, with a washout period of 4 weeks between the two treatments. Primary efficacy end point was percent change in visual analog scale (0–100 mm) of pain severity. Secondary outcomes were score change in Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS), short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaires (SF‐MPQ), proportion of patients who had pain score reductions of 30% and 50%, and adverse event.ResultsOf the 35 subjects screened, 33 were enrolled and 33 completed at least an 8‐week treatment period. Intention‐to‐treat analysis showed no significant improvement in pain with capsaicin gel, compared with placebo with visual analog scale (VAS) score 28.8 mm vs. 34.6 mm (P = 0.53). No significant difference between the groups was found in SF‐MPQ (7.4 vs. 7.71, P = 0.95), NPS (29.4 vs. 31.3, P = 0.81), and proportion of patients who had 30% or 50% pain relief. Capsaicin gel was well tolerated with minor skin reaction.Conclusions0.025% capsaicin gel is safe and well tolerated, but does not provide significant pain relief in patients with PDN.
The impact of RSV, adenovirus, influenza, and parainfluenza infection in pediatric patients receiving stem cell transplant, solid organ transplant, or cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Lo Mindy S. , Lee Grace M. , Gunawardane Nilanthi , Burchett Sandra K. , Lachenauer Catherine S. , Lehmann Leslie E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRVIs are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. We analyzed the characteristics and outcomes of infection by four respiratory viruses (RSV, adenovirus, influenza, and parainfluenza) treated at a pediatric tertiary care hospital in a retrospective cohort of patients who had received cancer chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell, or SOT. A total of 208 infections were studied among 166 unique patients over a time period of 1993–2006 for transplant recipients, and 2000–2005 for patients with cancer. RSV was the most common respiratory virus identified. There were 17 (10% of all patients) deaths overall, of which 12 were at least partly attributed to the presence of a RVI. In multivariate models, LRT symptoms in the absence of upper respiratory symptoms on presentation (OR 10.2 [2.3, 45.7], p = 0.002) and adenoviral infection (OR 3.7 [1.1, 12.6], p = 0.034) were significantly associated with poor outcome, defined as death or disability related to RVI. All of the deaths occurred in patients who had received either solid organ or HSCT. There were no infections resulting in death or disability in the cancer chemotherapy group.
BK virus nephropathy in a pediatric heart transplant recipient with post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Lorica C. , Bueno T.G. , Garcia‐Buitrago M.T. , Rusconi P. , Gonzalez I.A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBKV is known to cause allograft failure in kidney transplant recipients. It has been recently recognized to cause native kidney nephropathy in non‐kidney transplant recipients. This is a case report BKVN in a 15‐yr‐old HTx recipient who had PTLD and a review of pediatric cases in the literature. The patient was diagnosed with BKVN +189 months after transplantation and died thirty days after diagnosis of BKVN. We identified five other cases of BKVN in pediatric non‐kidney solid organ transplantation, of which all were HTx recipients. Overall, outcome was poor and BKV clearance was not achieved with reduction of immunosuppression and with current therapies. We strongly recommend that pediatric HTx recipients be tested for BKV infection if there is evidence of kidney dysfunction. We also recommend that they have an annual screening for BKV viruria and viremia with the assessment of kidney function.