bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gelation Behavior and Rheological Properties of Salt‐ or Acid‐Induced Soy Proteins Soft Tofu‐Type Gels
Authors: Murekatete Nicole , Hua Yufei , Chamba Moses Vernonxious Madalitso , Djakpo Odilon , Zhang Caimeng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOscillatory tests data were analyzed using the power law and the weak gel models. Acid‐induced gels had higher storage modulus (G′) than salt‐induced gels. During gelation, both moduli increased gradually but never reached a steady state, with G′ being higher than G″. Under applied parameters, salt‐induced gels made from soybean coagulated faster than the ones made from soy protein isolate (SPI). Syneresis rate in salt‐induced gels was significantly lower than in acid‐induced gels, with SPI acid‐induced gel having the highest rate (36.72%) and soybean salt‐induced gel having the lowest (14.77%). Furthermore, salt‐induced gels resulted in a reduction in shear deformation at fracture and an increase in the shear stress at yielding, whereas the shear stress at yielding was reduced and the shear deformation at fracture was increased in both acid‐induced gels. It was observed that gels made from soybean had a more uniform and denser network with smaller network pore size than the ones made from SPI.Practical ApplicationsThe coagulation effect of calcium sulfate and glucono‐δ‐lactone was established in this comparative study, and also the use of soybean and soy protein isolate in salt‐ or acid‐induced soft tofu‐type gels have shown the effects of other soybean constituents besides proteins on the rheological properties and gelling process. Therefore, a better understanding of the gelation mechanism, small‐ and large‐scale deformations of soy protein curd, is industrially relevant, as it will allow for better process design, monitoring and quality control, thus potentially lead to the development of novel soy‐based products. In addition, the parameters and conditions used were close to the ones used during soft silken tofu making, therefore making the process application easier.
Environmental determinism and neutrality in vegetation at millennial time scales
Authors: Correa‐Metrio Alexander , Meave Jorge A. , Lozano‐García Socorro , Bush Mark B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractQuestionsAt millennial scales, is the historic evolution of tropical plant communities the result of ‘random walk’? Are presence and abundance of taxa independent of environmental variability?LocationLake Petén‐Itzá, Guatemala, Central American lowlands.MethodsWe use an 86 000‐yr‐long pollen record to study the relative contribution of neutral mechanisms and environmental determinism in configuring vegetation in the Central American lowlands. By using variance ratios, we evaluated the role of neutral drift at community and functional group levels. Additionally, regression analyses were applied to explain persistence and abundance of individual taxa as a function of regional moisture availability and fire frequency.ResultsEnvironmental fluctuations drove vegetation dynamics in the Central American lowlands during the late Pleistocene. When the data set was stratified according to moisture availability and fire frequency, variance ratios further supported our findings. Regression analyses revealed that whereas species’ presence was independent of both moisture availability and fire frequency, their abundance was closely associated with both.ConclusionsNeutrality, probably expressed in the face of stressors, through factors such as the existence of microrefugia, survival of relictual individuals and phenotypic and phenologic plasticity, was probably crucial in preventing biodiversity losses. Climate, however, was the main driver of vegetation dynamics in the Yucatan Peninsula during the late Pleistocene.
Integrating multiple lines of evidence to better understand the evolutionary divergence of humpback dolphins along their entire distribution range: a new dolphin species in Australian waters?
Authors: Mendez Martin , Jefferson Thomas A. , Kolokotronis Sergios‐Orestis , Krützen Michael , Parra Guido J. , Collins Tim , Minton Giana , Baldwin Robert , Berggren Per , Särnblad Anna , Amir Omar A. , Peddemors Vic M. , Karczmarski Leszek , Guissamulo Almeida , Smith Brian , Sutaria Dipani , Amato George , Rosenbaum Howard C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe conservation of humpback dolphins, distributed in coastal waters of the Indo‐West Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans, has been hindered by a lack of understanding about the number of species in the genus (Sousa) and their population structure. To address this issue, we present a combined analysis of genetic and morphologic data collected from beach‐cast, remote‐biopsied and museum specimens from throughout the known Sousa range. We extracted genetic sequence data from 235 samples from extant populations and explored the mitochondrial control region and four nuclear introns through phylogenetic, population‐level and population aggregation frameworks. In addition, 180 cranial specimens from the same geographical regions allowed comparisons of 24 morphological characters through multivariate analyses. The genetic and morphological data showed significant and concordant patterns of geographical segregation, which are typical for the kind of demographic isolation displayed by species units, across the Sousa genus distribution range. Based on our combined genetic and morphological analyses, there is convincing evidence for at least four species within the genus (S. teuszii in the Atlantic off West Africa, S. plumbea in the central and western Indian Ocean, S. chinensis in the eastern Indian and West Pacific Oceans, and a new as‐yet‐unnamed species off northern Australia).
Flocculation increases the efficacy of depth filtration during the downstream processing of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins produced in tobacco
Authors: Buyel Johannes F. , Fischer Rainer 
Published: October 2013

SummaryFlocculation is a cost‐effective method that is used to improve the efficiency of clarification by causing dispersed particles to clump together, allowing their removal by sedimentation, centrifugation or filtration. The efficacy of flocculation for any given process depends on the nature and concentration of the particulates in the feed stream, the concentration, charge density and length of the flocculant polymer, the shear rate, the properties of the feed stream (e.g. pH and ionic strength) and the properties of the target products. We tested a range of flocculants and process conditions using a design of experiments approach to identify the most suitable polymers for the clarification step during the production of a HIV‐neutralizing monoclonal antibody (2G12) and a fluorescent marker protein (DsRed) expressed in transgenic tobacco leaves. Among the 23 different flocculants we tested, the greatest reduction in turbidity was achieved with Polymin P, a branched, cationic polyethylenimine with a charge density of 13.0 meq/g. This flocculant reduced turbidity by more than 90% under a wide range of process conditions. We developed a model that predicted its performance under different process conditions, and this enabled us to increase the depth filter capacity three–sevenfold depending on the process scale, depth filter type and plant species. The costs of filter consumables were reduced by more than 50% compared with a process without flocculant, and there was no loss of recovery for either 2G12 or DsRed.
Successful treatment with rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia post‐hematopoietic stem cell transplant for dyskeratosis congenita due to TINF2 mutation
Authors: O'Connell Niall , Goodyer Matthew , Gleeson Mary , Storey Lorna , Williams Martina , Cotter Melanie , O'Marcaigh Aengus , Smith Owen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAIHA following allogeneic HSCT is appearing more frequently in the literature. It occurs as a result of donor cell‐derived antibodies targeting donor red cell antigens. Little guidance exists on the management of such patients, particularly in the pediatric setting. First‐line conventional treatment is corticosteroids and/or immunoglobulin therapy with monoclonal antibody therapy reserved for treatment failure. We report our experience of a child refractory to immunoglobulin and steroid therapy who required several infusions of rituximab and immunomodulatory therapy to obtain a clinically significant response.
An estimator for the cumulative co‐volatility of asynchronously observed semimartingales with jumps
Authors: Koike Yuta 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we consider two semimartingales sampled at stopping times in an asynchronous manner. We are interested in estimating their cumulative co‐volatility separately from the sum of their co‐jumps. For this purpose, we combine the Hayashi–Yoshida method (to deal with the asynchronicity) with the threshold technique (to separate the jumps) and consider a class of statistics called the truncated Hayashi–Yoshida estimator. We prove the consistency and the asymptotic mixed normality of the truncated Hayashi–Yoshida estimator under some mild conditions allowing the presence of infinite activity jumps.
Structure and gating of tetrameric glutamate receptors
Authors: Sobolevsky Alexander I. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIonotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand‐gated ion channels that open their ion‐conducting pores in response to the binding of agonist glutamate. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in studies of iGluRs by determining numerous structures of isolated water‐soluble ligand‐binding and amino‐terminal domains, as well as solving the first crystal structure of the full‐length AMPA receptor in the closed, antagonist‐bound state. These structural data combined with electrophysiological and fluorescence recordings, biochemical experiments, mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations have greatly improved our understanding of iGluR assembly, activation and desensitization processes. This article reviews the recent structural and functional advances in the iGluR field and summarizes them in a simplified model of full‐length iGluR gating.
Prevention of Biofilm Colonization by Gram-Negative Bacteria on Minocycline-Rifampin-Impregnated Catheters Sequentially Coated with Chlorhexidine
Authors: Jamal Mohamed A. , Rosenblatt Joel S. , Hachem Ray Y. , Ying Jiang , Pravinkumar Egbert , Nates Joseph L. , Chaftari Anne-Marie P. , Raad Issam I. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Resistant Gram-negative bacteria are increasing central-line-associated bloodstream infection threats. To better combat this, chlorhexidine (CHX) was added to minocycline-rifampin (M/R) catheters. The
in vitro
antimicrobial activity of CHX-M/R catheters against multidrug resistant, Gram-negative
Acinetobacter baumannii
,
Enterobacter cloacae
,
Escherichia coli
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, and
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
was tested. M/R and CHX-silver sulfadiazine (CHX/SS) catheters were used as comparators. The novel CHX-M/R catheters were significantly more effective (
P
< 0.0001) than CHX/SS or M/R catheters in preventing biofilm colonization and showed better antimicrobial durability.
A Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus Infectivity
Authors: Bush Caroline O. , Pokrovskii Maria V. , Saito Roland , Morganelli Philip , Canales Eda , Clarke Michael O. , Lazerwith Scott E. , Golde Justin , Reid Brian G. , Babaoglu Kerim , Pagratis Nikos , Zhong Weidong , Delaney William E. , Paulson Matthew S. , Beran Rudolf K. F. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
One of the most challenging goals of hepatitis C virus (HCV) research is to develop well-tolerated regimens with high cure rates across a variety of patient populations. Such a regimen will likely require a combination of at least two distinct direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Combining two or more DAAs with different resistance profiles increases the number of mutations required for viral breakthrough. Currently, most DAAs inhibit HCV replication. We recently reported that the combination of two distinct classes of HCV inhibitors, entry inhibitors and replication inhibitors, prolonged reductions in extracellular HCV in persistently infected cells. We therefore sought to identify new inhibitors targeting aspects of the HCV replication cycle other than RNA replication. We report here the discovery of the first small-molecule HCV infectivity inhibitor, GS-563253, also called HCV infectivity inhibitor 1 (HCV II-1). HCV II-1 is a substituted tetrahydroquinoline that selectively inhibits genotype 1 and 2 HCVs with low-nanomolar 50% effective concentrations. It was identified through a high-throughput screen and subsequent chemical optimization. HCV II-1 only permits the production and release of noninfectious HCV particles from cells. Moreover, infectious HCV is rapidly inactivated in its presence. HCV II-1 resistance mutations map to HCV E2. In addition, HCV-II prevents HCV endosomal fusion, suggesting that it either locks the viral envelope in its prefusion state or promotes a viral envelope conformation change incapable of fusion. Importantly, the discovery of HCV II-1 opens up a new class of HCV inhibitors that prolong viral suppression by HCV replication inhibitors in persistently infected cell cultures.
Potential Efficacy of Citicoline as Adjunct Therapy in Treatment of Cerebral Malaria
Authors: El-Assaad Fatima , Combes Valery , Grau Georges Emile Raymond , Jambou Ronan 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Cerebral malaria (CM) is characterized by a dysregulated immune response that results in endothelial membrane destabilization and increased microparticle (MP) production. Citicoline (CTC) is a membrane stabilizer used for the treatment of neurological disorders. We evaluated the efficacy of CTC as adjunct therapy to aid recovery from experimental CM. We show that CTC reduces MP production
in vitro
; in combination with artesunate
in vivo
, confers partial protection against CM; and prolongs survival.
Assessing the accuracy of the International Classification of Diseases codes to identify abusive head trauma: a feasibility study
Authors: Berger Rachel P , Parks Sharyn , Fromkin Janet , Rubin Pamela , Pecora Peter J 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of an International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code-based operational case definition for abusive head trauma (AHT).MethodsSubjects were children <5 years of age evaluated for AHT by a hospital-based Child Protection Team (CPT) at a tertiary care paediatric hospital with a completely electronic medical record (EMR) system. Subjects were designated as non-AHT traumatic brain injury (TBI) or AHT based on whether the CPT determined that the injuries were due to AHT. The sensitivity and specificity of the ICD-based definition were calculated.ResultsThere were 223 children evaluated for AHT: 117 AHT and 106 non-AHT TBI. The sensitivity and specificity of the ICD-based operational case definition were 92% (95% CI 85.8 to 96.2) and 96% (95% CI 92.3 to 99.7), respectively. All errors in sensitivity and three of the four specificity errors were due to coder error; one specificity error was a physician error.ConclusionsIn a paediatric tertiary care hospital with an EMR system, the accuracy of an ICD-based case definition for AHT was high. Additional studies are needed to assess the accuracy of this definition in all types of hospitals in which children with AHT are cared for.
Discours commémoratif Muriel Driver 2013
Authors: Finlayson Marcia L. 
Published: October 2013

Description. Compte tenu de la nature de la philosophie et de la pratique de l’ergothérapie, il n’est pas surprenant que le rôle « d’agent de changement » figure parmi les sept rôles assumés par les ergothérapeutes. But. Ce discours Muriel Driver examine le rôle d’agent de changement, ce qu’il signifie, de même que les connaissances, les compétences et les qualités personnelles requises pour assumer ce rôle efficacement. Questions clés. Dans l’ensemble, on a écrit relativement peu de choses au sujet du rôle d’agent de changement dans la littérature en ergothérapie. Une bonne partie de ce qui existe à ce sujet est implicite et souvent englobé dans des sujets connexes, comme la défense des intérêts. Un examen de la littérature d’autres domaines a permis de mettre en relief quatre thèmes importants à propos de ce rôle : (1) les agents de changement sont introspectifs, réfléchis et disciplinés; (2) les agents de changement sont des leaders visionnaires et des agents mobilisateurs; (3) les agents de changement sont des agents d’intégration et des courtiers du savoir; et (4) les agents de changement sont des interventionnistes diplomatiques qui produisent des résultats significatifs. Ces thèmes mettent en évidence plusieurs aspects sur lesquels la littérature en ergothérapie est demeurée silencieuse. Conséquences. Pour briser le silence et aller de l’avant, il faudra participer à des débats ouverts, controversés et savants, remettre constamment en question les compétences jugées essentielles pour assumer le rôle d’agent de changement, et transmettre clairement le message que nous pouvons tous être des agents de changement compétents et efficaces, peu importe notre titre ou notre milieu de pratique. Financement. Ce discours n’a bénéficié d’aucun financement.
Cohort Study on the Percutaneous Treatment of Displaced Intra-articular Fractures of the Calcaneus
Authors: de Vroome Stefan W. , van der Linden Frits M. 
Published: October 2013

Background: To reduce the high rate of soft tissue complications in the treatment of displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus, several minimally invasive techniques have been developed. Little evidence exists on the clinical outcome of these techniques. Methods: We performed a study on a cohort of 46 fractures treated by the 3-point distraction technique. In 41 fractures, clinical outcome was available. Fractures were classified according to the Essex-Lopresti and Sanders classifications. The clinical outcome was determined using the 3 most frequently used outcome scores. Results: The clinical outcome of our cohort of percutaneous treated intra-articular calcaneal fractures was good to excellent in 69% with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scale (AOFAS) score. This percentage increases to 100% for tongue type fractures alone but decreases to 52% for joint depression type fractures. Infectious complications occurred in 1 (2.4%) and secondary arthrodesis was needed in 3 fractures (7.3%). The Sanders classification showed no prognostic value. The Essex-Lopresti classification was a strong prognosticator with a median AOFAS score of 92 (interquartile range [IQR], 87.8-97.8) for tongue type fractures and 75 (IQR, 63.0-85.0) for joint depression type fractures ( P < .001). Conclusion: The treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures by the 3-point distraction technique was an acceptable alternative to open surgery and other percutaneous techniques. It had a low amount of infectious complications with comparable outcome to open treatment. The computed tomography-based Essex-Lopresti classification had a strong prognostic value when fractures were treated by the 3-point distraction technique. The results of this study support the use of the 3-point distraction technique, especially in tongue type fractures. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Non-recombinant display of the B subunit of the heat labile toxin of Escherichia coli on wild type and mutant spores of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Isticato Rachele , Sirec Teja , Treppiccione Lucia , Maurano Francesco , De Felice Maurilio , Rossi Mauro , Ricca Ezio 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Mucosal infections are a major global health problem and it is generally accepted that mucosal vaccination strategies, able to block infection at their entry site, would be preferable with respect to other prevention approaches. However, there are still relatively few mucosal vaccines available, mainly because of the lack of efficient delivery systems and of mucosal adjuvants. Recombinant bacterial spores displaying a heterologous antigen have been shown to induce protective immune responses and, therefore, proposed as a mucosal delivery system. A non-recombinant approach has been recently developed and tested to display antigens and enzymes.

Results
We report that the binding subunit of the heat-labile toxin (LTB) of Escherichia coli efficiently adsorbed on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spores. When nasally administered to groups of mice, spore-adsorbed LTB was able to induce a specific immune response with the production of serum IgG, fecal sIgA and of IFN-γ in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of the immunized animals. Dot blotting experiments showed that the non-recombinant approach was more efficient than the recombinant system in displaying LTB and that the efficiency of display could be further increased by using mutant spores with an altered surface. In addition, immunofluorescence microscopy experiments showed that only when displayed on the spore surface by the non-recombinant approach LTB was found in its native, pentameric form.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that non-recombinant spores displaying LTB pentamers can be administered by the nasal route to induce a Th1-biased, specific immune response. Mutant spores with an altered coat are more efficient than wild type spores in adsorbing the antigen, allowing the use of a reduced number of spores in immunization procedures. Efficiency of display, ability to display the native form of the antigen and to induce a specific immune response propose this non-recombinant delivery system as a powerful mucosal vaccine delivery approach.
Insufficient radiofrequency ablation promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through Akt and ERK signaling pathways
Authors: Dong Shuying , Kong Jian , Kong Fandong , Kong Jinge , Gao Jun , Ke Shan , Wang Shaohong , Ding Xuemei , Sun Wenbing , Zheng Lemin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Residual tumor progression after insufficient radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been recently reported. However, whether epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a key process that drives cancer metastasis, is involved in the tumor progression after insufficient RFA is not well understood.

Methods
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines SMMC7721 and Huh7 were used. Insufficient RFA was simulated using a water bath (47°C 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min and 25 min gradually). MTT assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro. Migration and invasion of HCC cells were determined by transwell assay. The molecular changes in HCC cells after insufficient RFA were evaluated by western blot. LY294002 and PD98059 were used to treat HCC cells. An ectopic nude mice model and a tail vein metastatic assay were used to evaluate the growth and metastatic potential of SMMC7721 cells in vivo after insufficient RFA.

Results
SMMC7721 and Huh7 cells after insufficient RFA (named as SMMC7721-H and Huh7-H respectively) exhibited enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion (6.4% and 23.6%, 33.2% and 66.1%, and 44.1% and 57.4% increase respectively) in vitro. Molecular changes of EMT were observed in SMMC7721-H and Huh7-H cells. LY294002 and PD98059 inhibited the EMT of SMMC7721-H and Huh7-H cells. SMMC7721-H cells also exhibited larger tumor size (1440.8 ± 250.3 mm3 versus 1048.56 ± 227.6 mm3) and more lung metastasis (97.4% increase) than SMMC7721 cells in vivo. Higher expression of PCNA, N-cadherin and MMP-2 and MMP-9, was also observed in SMMC7721-H tumors.

Conclusions
Insufficient RFA could directly promote the invasiveness and metastasis of HCC cells. Insufficient RFA may promote the EMT of HCC cells through Akt and ERK signaling pathways.