bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bartonella spp. Infection in Healthy and Sick Horses and Foals from the Southeastern United States
Authors: Cherry N.A. , Jones S.L. , Maggi R.G. , Davis J.L. , Breitschwerdt E.B. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundBartonella species bacteremia has been identified in numerous animal species. These bacteria cause, or have been associated with, a spectrum of clinical manifestations in dogs and human patients. The frequency of exposure to or infection with Bartonella spp. among healthy and sick horses has not been reported.ObjectiveTo test healthy and sick horses and sick foals from the southeastern United States for serological, microbiological, and molecular evidence of Bartonella infection.AnimalsForty‐seven healthy horses, 15 sick foals, 22 horses with musculoskeletal manifestations, and 8 horses with colic were tested for Bartonella.MethodsIFA serology and PCR before and after BAPGM (Bartonella alpha‐Proteobacteria Growth Medium) enrichment blood culture.ResultsBartonella antibodies were not detected in foals or horses. Three Bartonella species, B. henselae, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (genotypes I and III), and a Bartonella species with closest homology to Candidatus Bartonella volans, were PCR‐amplified and sequenced from blood or BAPGM enrichment blood culture samples from 1/47 healthy horses, 3/15 sick foals, 5/22 horses with musculoskeletal disease, and 0/8 horses with colic.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHorses in the southeastern United States are naturally infected with B. henselae, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhofii genotypes I and III, and a bacteria most similar to Candidatus Bartonella volans. Antibodies were not detectable by indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA) testing in bacteremic foals or horses, and prolonged enrichment culture for periods up to 21 days were necessary to document bacteremia in most horses. Further investigation into the pathogenic potential of Bartonella spp. infection in horses is warranted.
Induction of apoptosis in oral epithelial cells by Candida albicans
Authors: Cunha Villar C. , Chukwuedum Aniemeke J. , Zhao X.‐R. , Huynh‐Ba G. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryDuring infection, interactions between Candida albicans and oral epithelial cells result in oral epithelial cell death. This is clinically manifested by the development of oral mucosal ulcerations generally associated with discomfort. In vitro studies have shown that C. albicans induces early apoptotic alterations in oral epithelial cells; however, these studies have also shown that treatment of infected cells with caspase inhibitors does not prevent their death. The reasons for these contradictory results are unknown and it is still not clear if C. albicans stimulates oral epithelial signaling pathways that promote apoptotic cell death. Activation of specific death pathways in response to microbial organisms plays an essential role in modulating the pathogenesis of a variety of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to (i) characterize C. albicans‐induced apoptotic morphological alterations in oral epithelial cells, and (ii) investigate the activation of apoptotic signaling pathways and expression of apoptotic genes during infection. Candida albicans induced early apoptotic changes in over 50% of oral epithelial cells. However, only 15% of those showed mid‐late apoptotic alterations. At the molecular level, C. albicans caused a loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and translocation of mitochondrial cytochrome c. Caspase‐3/9 activities increased only during the first hours of infection. Moreover, poly[ADP ribose] polymerase 1 was cleaved into apoptotic and necrotic‐like fragments. Finally, five anti‐apoptotic genes were significantly upregulated and two pro‐apoptotic genes were downregulated during infection. Altogether, these findings indicate that epithelial apoptotic pathways are activated in response to C. albicans, but fail to progress and promote apoptotic cell death.
Cryosurgery of the oral and peri‐oral region: a literature review of the mechanism, tissue response, and clinical applications
Authors: Kujan Omar , Azzeghaiby Saleh N. , Tarakji Bassel , Abuderman Abdulwahab , Sakka Salah 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCryosurgery is a method of achieving lesion destruction by rapid freezing in situ. Application of cryosurgery in medicine widespread and its use within dentistry is also well documented, using both open and closed liquid nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The major advantages of oral cryosurgery include bloodless treatment, very low incidence of secondary infection, and a relative lack of scarring and pain. This review outlines knowledge on the mechanisms, tissue response, and current practices of cryosurgery in the oral and peri‐oral region. More experimental studies are needed to better understand this important modality at cellular and molecular levels. Inconsistency in the current protocols used for the treatment of the oral lesions is evident. Additional studies are needed to define the treatment protocols for different types of oral lesions. Information on the cryogen type and dose and the delivery technique required would help to produce reproducible outcomes for the treatment of targeted lesions.
From despair to hope: A longitudinal study of illness perceptions and coping in a psycho‐educational group intervention for women with breast cancer
Authors: Fischer Maarten J. , Wiesenhaan Marion E. , Heijer Aukje Does‐den , Kleijn Wim C. , Nortier Johan W. R. , Kaptein Adrian A. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesThis study examined the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships of illness perceptions, coping, and distress in women with breast cancer. Illness perceptions and coping at baseline and changes in these variables over time served as possible predictors of distress at two follow‐up points.Design and methodsFifty‐seven women with breast cancer who participated in a psychosocial aftercare programme completed a questionnaire before the start of the intervention, directly after the end of the intervention, and 1 year after the start of the intervention. Study variables were assessed with the Illness Perception Questionnaire‐Revised (illness perceptions), the COPE (coping), and the Hopkins Symptom Check List (distress).ResultsResults showed that 43% of variance in distress at baseline was explained by participants' illness perceptions. Cyclical timeline perceptions were the strongest predictor of distress at baseline. Longitudinal data revealed that after the end of the intervention, the intensity of general distress and breast cancer‐related emotions had decreased significantly. Partial correlations showed that baseline illness perceptions were unrelated to distress at follow‐up. However, changes in illness perceptions (perceptions about the cyclical and chronic timeline and symptoms associated with breast cancer) showed significant associations with distress at both follow‐up assessments. Associations of follow‐up distress with coping styles were less consistent.ConclusionsOur results suggest that changes in illness perceptions are related to an improvement or worsening of patients' emotional well‐being over time. These findings hold promise for the development of interventions that specifically target patients' representations of their illness.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject? Research has shown that 15%–30% of breast cancer survivors continue to experience elevated distress following treatment. Illness perceptions and coping have been found to contribute to distress in women with breast cancer.What does this study add? Cyclical timeline beliefs affect distress in breast cancer both in cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses. Baseline illness perceptions are less predictive of distress at follow‐up than changes in illness perceptions.
Lie detection during high‐stakes truths and lies
Authors: Carlucci Marianna E. , Compo Nadja S. , Zimmerman Laura 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe current study seeks to expand the deception detection literature by using real‐world pre‐interrogative interviews to discern differences in how novices (students) versus experts (police officers) make judgments about truths and lies.MethodsVideotapes of routine traffic stops depicting either liars (incriminating evidence was found in the car) or truth‐tellers (no evidence was found in the car) were edited so the final car search was cut out. Novices and experts watched the tapes and made truth or lie judgments about the subject in each video.ResultsOverall accuracy of detecting truths and lies for students was 63%, while overall accuracy for police was 60%. The difference between the groups was not significant. These results were then compared with previously published rates (Bond & DePaulo, 2006). Students' overall accuracy rates in this study were higher than previously published accuracy rates. However, police officers' accuracy rates were not higher than previously published accuracy rates.ConclusionsRealistic stimulus materials seem to increase overall accuracy rates for students. However, despite differences in experience, there was no difference between novice and expert truth and lie accuracy.
Salivary type I collagen degradation end‐products and related matrix metalloproteinases in periodontitis
Authors: Gursoy Ulvi K. , Könönen Eija , Huumonen Sisko , Tervahartiala Taina , Pussinen Pirkko J. , Suominen Anna L. , Sorsa Timo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimType I collagen degradation end‐products and related matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were examined aiming to detect potential markers of periodontitis in saliva, with high sensitivity and specificity.Materials and MethodsThe salivary concentrations of MMP‐8, MMP‐9 and MMP‐13, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase serum type 5b, C‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), N‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) and cross‐linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen were analysed in 230 subjects. Oral health examination included panoramic radiography.ResultsThe concentrations of MMP‐8, MMP‐9 and MMP‐13 in saliva were higher in subjects with generalized periodontitis than in controls. Of the tested salivary markers, MMP‐8 was the only marker capable of differentiating subjects with severe alveolar bone loss from those with slight bone loss (p < 0.001). The association between the salivary MMP‐8 levels and periodontitis remained significant after the adjustment with age, gender and smoking. In addition, significant correlations were found between the tested markers and periodontal parameters.ConclusionEnzymes and end‐products of type I collagen degradation have different associations with each other and with periodontal status that may reflect their roles in the cascade leading to alveolar bone loss. MMP‐8 is a strong biomarker candidate for detecting alveolar bone destruction.
RCT comparing implants with turned and anodically oxidized surfaces: A pilot study, a 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Nicu Elena A. , Van Assche Nele , Coucke Wim , Teughels Wim , Quirynen Marc 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimThis 3‐year prospective randomized controlled trial compared the clinical, microbiological and biochemical outcome of minimally (Turned, Tur) and moderately rough (TiUnite®, TiU) implant surfaces in a split‐mouth design.Material and methodsThe study population included 14 subjects: nine fully edentulous and five partially edentulous subjects with a history of periodontitis. Implants (n = 78, 39 Tur and 39 TiU) were installed randomly in each patient. Peri‐implant clinical parameters and intra‐oral radiographs were recorded after 3 years of loading. Subgingival plaque and peri‐implant crevicular fluid samples were collected and analysed using culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the biofilm, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the concentration of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand, respectively.ResultsNo statistically significant differences in clinical, microbiological and biochemical parameters could be observed when comparing the Tur and TiU implant surfaces.ConclusionAfter 3 years of loading, in periodontitis susceptible patients, the moderately rough, TiU implants demonstrated a similar clinical outcome compared with the smoother, turned implants. Longer follow‐up and studies using different implant types are needed to confirm the statement that minimally and moderately rough implant surfaces perform similar, both from a clinical and from a microbiological point of view.
Silicon and Fungicide Effects on Anthracnose in Moderately Resistant and Susceptible Sorghum Lines
Authors: Resende Renata Sousa , Rodrigues Fabrício Ávila , Costa Rodrigo Veras , Silva Dagma Dionísia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of silicon (Si) and its interaction with fungicide on the management of sorghum anthracnose. The experiments were carried out in Si‐deficient soil in the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 growing seasons in a randomized, complete block, split‐split plot design with four replications. Calcium silicate (CS) and lime (L), at the rates of 6 and 5 ton/ha, respectively, were randomly assigned to the main plot. Two sorghum lines, BR‐008 (resistant) and BR‐009 (susceptible), were assigned to the split plots. The split‐split plots corresponded to with or without the fungicide Opera® (epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin). The residual effect of CS and L from the 2008/2009 growing season was evaluated in the 2009/2010 growing season. For the 2008/2009 growing season, the area under anthracnose progress curve (AUAPC) was reduced by 39 and 42% for lines BR‐008 and BR‐009, respectively, with the application of CS. In the presence of the fungicide, the AUAPC was reduced by 35 and 42% for the CS and L treatments, respectively. Calcium silicate with and without fungicide contributed to decreasing the AUAPC by 44 and 37%, respectively. The fungicide spray decreased the AUAPC by 50 and 39% for lines BR‐008 and BR‐009, respectively. Without fungicide, the AUAPC decreased by 88% for line BR‐008 compared with line BR‐009; however, with fungicide, the reduction reached 90%. The Si leaf tissue concentration significantly increased with the CS application (5.9 g/kg) compared with the L application (0.3 g/kg), regardless of the sorghum line. The yield increased by 0.6 ton/ha with the CS compared to the L application. The fungicide increased yield by 0.48 ton/ha compared with the non‐fungicide spray treatment. The residual effect of CS in the soil increased Si leaf tissue concentration and yield as well as reduced the intensity of anthracnose in the 2009/2010 growing season.
Histochemical Studies of the Non‐Host Resistance and the Role of Actin Cytoskeleton in Pepper Against Colletotrichum orbiculare
Authors: Yao Jing , Hao Chongzhao , Yu Ke , Zuo Hai , Chen Yanli , Ma Qing 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe penetration process and defence reactions (hypersensitive response, oxidative burst and cell wall fortification) of Colletotrichum orbiculare were studied histochemically on pepper cultivar ‘A11’ (non‐host) and susceptible cucumber cultivar ‘Changchun Thorn’ (host). The results indicate that C. orbiculare could hardly penetrate the non‐host pepper leaves. It was papillae rather than hypersensitive response and H2O2 that played an important role in resisting the colonization and development of C. orbiculare on the non‐host pepper. The depolymerization of the actin microfilament weakened the papilla deposition of pepper and allowed successful penetration of the non‐adapted C. orbiculare, suggesting that the actin cytoskeleton of pepper is significant in preventing the invasion of the non‐host pathogen C. orbiculare.
Aspects of the biology of Labeo cylindricus (Pisces: cyprinidae) in Lake Baringo, Kenya
Authors: Nyamweya Chrisphine S. , Mlewa Chrisestom M. , Ngugi Charles C. , Kaunda‐Arara Boaz , Njiru James , Gichuki John W. , Ojwang William O. , Ojuok Jacob E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAspects of the biology of Labeo cylindricus from Lake Baringo were investigated, based on experimental beach seining and gillnetting between August and October 2007. The length–weight relationship indicated the species exhibited positive allometric growth (b = 3.7083), with a condition factor (K) of 0.84 ± 0.0298 S.D. Males dominated fish catches, with an adult sex ratio of males/females of 1:1.7. The fish length‐at‐50% maturity (Lm50) was 127.7 and 126.1 mm total length (TL) for males and females, respectively. Fish age and growth were determined from sagittal otoliths considered to be from the young‐of‐the‐year. Clear circuli observed in the otoliths were used to determine fish age in days. Validation by oxytetracycline marking indicated that a single growth increment (1.1 ± 0.1 SE) is formed daily on fish otoliths. Fish length (TL mm) was correlated significantly with age (in days), TL = 1.398 Age + 26.523 (r2 = 0.91). Fish growth was subsequently estimated to be 1.398 mm day−1. The weights and ages (in days) of fish exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) power relationship defined by the equation: W = 0.0003 Age2.5804 (r2 = 0.88). The results of this study provide parameters that, if appropriately monitored, can be used to predict responses of fish populations in Lake Baringo and elsewhere to human interventions (exploitation) and natural environmental change.
Lake watershed management: Services, monitoring, funding and governance
Authors: Lin Hebin , Ueta Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study discusses some insights for adaptive lake management from the perspective of ecosystem services (ES). Based on evidence from 46 advanced Payments for Watershed Services (PWS) projects implemented in 16 developing countries, and an interactive governance interpretation of this evidence, three layers of services for watershed management are distinguished, including (i) ES provided by ecosystems; (ii) land‐water conservation services (CS) provided by upstream citizens; and (iii) intermediary organizing services (OS) provided by watershed management organizations. The three‐layer service perspective indicates the need for management regime shifts regarding monitoring, funding and governance. A multilayer regime shift between monitoring, funding and governance for lake management also is discussed, using a Bolivian PWS scheme as an illustration. It indicates how lake management organizations can provide intermediary OS to coordinate exchanges between upstream payees and downstream payers. Upstream payees provide land‐water CS to obtain supply‐side payments. Land‐water CS improve water‐related ES to enhance downstream land‐water uses. Downstream payers provide demand‐side payments and benefit from better land‐water uses. This study was undertaken to broaden the vision of managing lakes and their watersheds and to guide policymakers, managers and other stakeholders in adopting adaptive management regimes for both locally and globally sustainable development.
Bacterial mechanisms of reversible protein S‐thiolation: structural and mechanistic insights into mycoredoxins
Authors: Antelmann Haike , Hamilton Chris J. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryMycobacteria produce millimolar concentrations of mycothiol (MSH) as their major low molecular weight thiol redox buffer. MSH‐deficient mutants display increased sensitivity towards reactive oxygen, nitrogen and electrophilic species as well as alkylating agents and antibiotics. MSH is maintained in its reduced thiol state by the NADPH‐dependent mycothiol disulphide reductase (Mtr). However, the redoxin that uses the MSH/Mtr/NADPH pathway for reduction of MSH‐mixed protein disulphides, formed during oxidative stress, has long remained unknown. In this issue, Van Laer et al. report that MSH provides the reducing power for mycoredoxin‐1 (Mrx1) in reduction of synthetic MSH‐mixed disulphides. The reduced (dithiol) and oxidized (disulphide) solution structures of Mrx1 have been solved by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR time course experiments have also demonstrated the transient S‐mycothiolation of the active site Cys14 of oxidized Mrx1 during reduction by the MSH/Mtr/NADPH electron pathway. The paper opens a new era of research to identify S‐mycothiolated Mrx1 substrates and the function of MSH in redox regulation and virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Characterization of the distal esophagus high‐pressure zone with manometry, ultrasound and micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Vegesna A. K. , Sloan J. A. , Singh B. , Phillips S. J. , Braverman A. S. , Barbe M. F. , Ruggieri M. R. , Miller L. S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground  We sought to determine how the individual components of the distal esophagus and proximal stomach form the gastroesophageal junction high‐pressure zone (GEJHPZ) antireflux barrier.Methods  An endoscopic ultrasound/manometry catheter was pulled through the proximal stomach and distal esophagus in 20 normal subjects. The axial length and width of individual structures on endoscopic ultrasound were measured. The anatomic orientation of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) components was examined in two organ donor specimens using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT).Key Results  The three distinct structures identified within the GEJHPZ, from distal to proximal, were as follows: the gastric clasp and sling muscle fiber complex, crural diaphragm, and lower esophageal circular smooth muscle fibers (LEC). The LEC was statistically significantly thicker than adjacent esophageal muscles. These structures were associated with three pressure peaks. The pressure peak produced by the clasp/sling fiber complex often overlapped with the pressure peak from the crural diaphragm. The most proximal peak, associated with the LEC, was significantly greater and bimodal in nine of 20 subjects. This bimodal LEC pressure peak correlated with two areas of thickened muscle observed with ultrasound. Micro‐CT of GEJ from organ donors confirmed the two areas of thickened muscle.Conclusions & Inferences  Three distinct anatomic structures, the clasp and sling muscle fibers, crural diaphragm, and LEC combine to form the antireflux barrier of the proximal stomach and distal esophagus. The clasp and sling muscle fibers combine with the crural diaphragm to form a distal pressure profile. The more proximal LEC has a bimodal pressure profile in some patients.