bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphatic transit rate as a novel predictive parameter for nodal metastasis in primary truncal skin cancers
Authors: Fujiwara Masao , Suzuki Takahiro , Takiguchi Tetsuya , Fukamizu Hidekazu , Tokura Yoshiki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPrediction of nodal metastasis in skin cancer before sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies is ideal to avoid unnecessary SLN biopsy performance. Primary truncal skin cancers are characterized by the lymphatic flow that drains from the primary lesion, occasionally to plural nodal basins. The scintigraphic appearance time (SAT), defined as the time between radionuclide injection and first SLN visualization, can potentially predict nodal metastasis, and a short SAT is a predictive parameter for metastasis. We recently introduced a novel method to measure the lymphatic flow rate using dynamic lymphoscintigraphy exhibiting a time–activity curve in the SLN. The time at which the count reaches a plateau in the SLN is termed the scintigraphic saturation time (SST) and can be a good alternative to the SAT. Moreover, the value obtained by division of the distance between the primary lesion and the SLN by the SST was termed the lymphatic transit rate (LTR), which represents the scintigraphic saturation velocity. In the present study, we evaluated LTR as a predictive parameter for nodal metastasis. Data for 22 lymph nodes from 18 patients with primary truncal skin cancers were used. Histopathologically, nodal metastasis was determined in nine nodes of eight patients. Because the mean LTR were 1.84 cm/min in non‐metastatic SLN and 2.38 cm/min in metastatic SLN, the LTR was significantly higher in metastatic SLN than in non‐metastatic SLN. All SLN with LTR of less than 1.8 cm/min were histopathologically evaluated as non‐metastatic. The LTR may be a predictive indicator for nodal metastasis.
Test–Retest Reliability of Graph Metrics in High‐resolution Functional Connectomics: A Resting‐State Functional MRI Study
Authors: Du Hai‐Xiao , Liao Xu‐Hong , Lin Qi‐Xiang , Li Gu‐Shu , Chi Yu‐Ze , Liu Xiang , Yang Hua‐Zhong , Wang Yu , Xia Ming‐Rui 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe combination of resting‐state functional MRI (R‐fMRI) technique and graph theoretical approaches has emerged as a promising tool for characterizing the topological organization of brain networks, that is, functional connectomics. In particular, the construction and analysis of high‐resolution brain connectomics at a voxel scale are important because they do not require prior regional parcellations and provide finer spatial information about brain connectivity. However, the test–retest reliability of voxel‐based functional connectomics remains largely unclear.AimsThis study tended to investigate both short‐term (∼20 min apart) and long‐term (6 weeks apart) test–retest (TRT) reliability of graph metrics of voxel‐based brain networks.MethodsBased on graph theoretical approaches, we analyzed R‐fMRI data from 53 young healthy adults who completed two scanning sessions (session 1 included two scans 20 min apart; session 2 included one scan that was performed after an interval of ∼6 weeks).ResultsThe high‐resolution networks exhibited prominent small‐world and modular properties and included functional hubs mainly located at the default‐mode, salience, and executive control systems. Further analysis revealed that test‐retest reliabilities of network metrics were sensitive to the scanning orders and intervals, with fair to excellent long‐term reliability between Scan 1 and Scan 3 and lower reliability involving Scan 2. In the long‐term case (Scan 1 and Scan 3), most network metrics were generally test–retest reliable, with the highest reliability in global metrics in the clustering coefficient and in the nodal metrics in nodal degree and efficiency.ConclusionWe showed high test–retest reliability for graph properties in the high‐resolution functional connectomics, which provides important guidance for choosing reliable network metrics and analysis strategies in future studies.
Mitogen‐activated kinase pathway activation in epidermal lamellae in the acute stages of carbohydrate overload laminitis models and the effect of regional deep hypothermia on signalling pathways
Authors: Gardner A. K. , Kelly C. S. , van Eps A. W. , Burns T. A. , Watts M. R. , Belknap J. K. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyIn sepsis models, mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are reported to incite inflammatory injury to tissues and are purported to be a therapeutic target.ObjectivesTo assess MAPK signalling in lamellae in sepsis‐related laminitis (SRL) at different time points after induction of laminitis via carbohydrate overload, and to determine the effect of regional deep hypothermia (RDH) on MAPK signalling.Study designIn vitro study using archived tissue samples.MethodsLamellar concentrations of MAPKs were assessed in archived lamellar samples from 2 studies: 1) the starch gruel model of SRL with 3 groups (n = 6/group) of horses (control, onset of fever [DEV] Obel Grade 1 lameness [OG1]); and 2) from limbs maintained at ambient (AMB) and hypothermic (ICE) temperatures (n = 6/group) in animals given a bolus of oligofructose. Immunoblotting and immunolocalisation were used to assess lamellar concentrations and cellular localisation of total and activated (phosphorylated) forms of p38 MAPK, extracellular‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and stress‐activated protein kinase/c‐jun N terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) 1/2.ResultsLamellar samples had statistically significant increased concentrations of activated ERK 1/2 at the onset of OG1 laminitis (vs. control) in the starch gruel model, but showed no significant change between ICE and AMB limbs in the RDH model. Phospho‐SAPK/JNK 1/2 exhibited a similar significant increase in the OG1 samples, but was also increased in ICE (vs. AMB) limbs. No statistically significant changes in lamellar p38 MAPK concentrations were noted.ConclusionsIncreased concentrations of activated ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK in the acute stages of SRL indicate a possible role of these signalling proteins in lamellar injury. Signalling related to ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK 1/2 pathways should be further investigated to determine if these play a detrimental role in laminitis and may be therapeutic targets to be manipulated independently of RDH.
A Viable Insolvency Procedure for Sovereigns in the Euro Area
Authors: Fuest Clemens , Heinemann Friedrich , Schröder Christoph 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA mechanism to restructure the debt of an insolvent euro country is a missing element in the emerging institutional architecture of the euro area. The introduction of an insolvency procedure for sovereigns faces a dilemma: in the foreseeable future, its introduction would risk pushing Europe back into acute crisis; but the indefinite postponement of reform would impair the credibility of a future regime change. Against this background, this article reviews arguments and existing blueprints for sovereign insolvency procedures in the euro area and develops a Viable Insolvency Procedure for Sovereigns. This procedure avoids any sudden measures which could destabilize the present fragile situation but carefully designs an irreversible transition toward the new regime. The proposal comprises two pillars: an insolvency procedure for the long run and a credible bridge toward that system.
Transplacental Transmission of Pemphigus Herpetiformis in the Setting of Maternal Lymphoma
Authors: Schoch Jennifer J. , Boull Christina L. , Camilleri Michael J. , Tollefson Megha M. , Hook Kristen P. , Polcari Ingrid C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPemphigus herpetiformis (PH) is characterized by grouped vesicular or papular pruritic lesions with histologic and immunopathologic features of pemphigus. PH can manifest at any age, and paraneoplastic cases have been reported. We describe a healthy boy born with acral crateriform erosions of the hands and feet whose 35‐year‐old mother had similar lesions. Biopsies from both patients were most consistent with PH. The mother was diagnosed with high‐grade B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and began chemotherapy with dexamethasone, and her lesions quickly improved. The infant had no additional lesions after 3 weeks of age and his acral erosions healed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a diagnosis of PH in an infant and the first case of transplacental transmission of PH. This is also the first report of paraneoplastic PH in lymphoma. This case adds to the growing differential diagnosis of skin disease in postpartum women and their neonates.
Immunity and immune modulation elicited by the larval cestode Mesocestoides vogae and its products
Authors: Vendelova E. , Lutz M. B. , Hrčková G. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryLarval cestodes (metacestodes) induce long‐lasting infections leading to considerable pathology in humans and livestock. Their survival is typically associated with Th2‐biased immune responses and immunosuppressive effects and depends on the parasite's ability to excrete/secrete antigens with immunoregulatory properties. Here, Mesocestoides vogae, a natural parasite of mice, is proposed as a new model species for the identification and characterization of cestode‐derived immunomodulatory factors. We followed the kinetics of immune parameters after infection with M. vogae or exposure to their excretory/secretory (ES) products in a permissive strain of mice. Besides, a dominant IL‐10 production and accumulation of macrophages and eosinophils expressing mRNA for Fizz‐1, YM1 and Arg‐1, mice showed minimal IFN‐γ and transient IL‐4 production at early time points with a complete loss at later stages of infection. We found that serum‐free ES products without host contamination directly induced M2 macrophages and suppressed IFN‐γ production in vivo and in vitro. This study highlights the use of the M. vogae as a cestode infection model and its ES products as a valuable tool for the identification of new therapeutic targets for the control of larval cestodiasis.
Validity of Skinfold-Based Measures for Tracking Changes in Body Composition in Professional Rugby League Players
Authors: Delaney Jace A. , Thornton Heidi R. , Scott Tannath J. , Ballard David A. , Duthie Grant M. , Wood Lisa G. , Dascombe Ben J. 
Published: July 2015

High levels of lean mass are important in collision-based sports for the development of strength and power, which may also assist during contact situations. While skinfold-based measures have been shown to be appropriate for cross-sectional assessments of body composition, their utility in tracking changes in lean mass is less clear.Purpose:To determine the most effective method of quantifying changes in lean mass in rugby league athletes.Methods:Body composition of 21 professional rugby league players was assessed on 2 or 3 occasions separated by ≥6 wk, including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), leanmass index (LMI), and a skinfold-based prediction equation (SkF). Dual-X-ray absorptiometry provided a criterion measure of fat-free mass (FFM). Correlation coefficients (r) and standard errors of the estimate (SEE) were used as measures of validity for the estimates.Results:All 3 practical estimates exhibited strong validity for cross-sectional assessments of FFM (r > .9, P < .001). The correlation between change scores was stronger for the LMI (r = .69, SEE 1.3 kg) and the SkF method (r = .66, SEE = 1.4 kg) than for BIA (r = .50, SEE = 1.6 kg).Conclusions:The LMI is probably as accurate in predicting changes in FFM as SkF and very likely to be more appropriate than BIA. The LMI offers an adequate, practical alternative for assessing in FFM among rugby league athletes.
Delayed healing of lower limb fractures with bisphosphonate therapy
Authors: Yue B , Ng A , Tang H , Joseph S , Richardson M 
Published: July 2015

Introduction Bisphosphonate therapy (BT) is used commonly in the management of osteoporosis. A systematic review was conducted investigating delayed union of lower limb, long bone fractures in patients on BT. We specifically assessed whether BT increases the risk of delayed union or non-union in lower limb, long bone fractures. Methods A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Embase™ on 4 November 2014. Articles that investigated lower limb fractures, history of BT and fracture union were included in the review. Results A total of 9,809 papers were retrieved and 14 were deemed suitable for this review. The mean time to union in patients on BT was 8.5 months. A longer time to union was reported in a study investigating BT users versus controls (6.5 vs 4.8 months respectively). The mean rate of delayed or non-union for BT associated atypical fractures was 20% per fracture. Specifically in one study, delayed union was more common in the cohort with more than three years of BT (67%) than in the group with less than three years of BT (26%). Surgical fixation was associated with improved outcomes compared with non-operative management. Conclusions BT has been described to be associated with multiple adverse outcomes related to atypical fractures. Current evidence recommends operative management for this patient group. Further investigation is required to evaluate the exact effects of BT on lower limb fractures, in particular typical femoral fractures.
Small bowel obstruction in pregnancy is a complex surgical problem with a high risk of fetal loss
Authors: Webster PJ , Bailey MA , Wilson J , Burke DA 
Published: July 2015

Introduction Small bowel obstruction (SBO) in pregnancy is rare and is most commonly caused by adhesions from previous abdominal surgery. Previous literature reviews have emphasised the need for prompt laparotomy in all cases of SBO because of the significant risks of fetal loss and maternal mortality. We undertook a review of the contemporary literature to determine the optimum management strategy for SBO in pregnancy. Methods The MEDLINE® and PubMed databases were searched for cases of SBO in pregnancy between 1992 and 2014. Two cases from our own institution were also reviewed. Results Forty-six cases of SBO in pregnancy were identified, with adhesions being the most common aetiology (50%). The overall risk of fetal loss was 17% and the maternal mortality rate was 2%. In cases of adhesional SBO, 91% of cases were managed surgically, with 14% fetal loss. Two cases (9%) were managed conservatively with no complications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to diagnose SBO in 11% of cases. Conclusions Based on our experience and the contemporary literature, we recommend that urgent MRI of the abdomen should be undertaken to diagnose the aetiology of SBO in pregnancy. In cases of adhesional SBO, conservative treatment may be safely commenced, with a low threshold for laparotomy. In other causes, such as volvulus or internal hernia, laparotomy remains the treatment of choice.
Minimally invasive endoscopic therapy for the management of Boerhaave’s syndrome
Authors: Darrien JH , Kasem H 
Published: July 2015

Introduction Boerhaave’s syndrome represents the most lethal of all gastrointestinal perforations. In 2009 a treatment algorithm was published based on current level 4 evidence indicating that all septic patients should be treated surgically, early presentations without sepsis endoscopically and delayed presentations without sepsis conservatively. No provision was made for septic patients unfit for surgical intervention. Using a case series, we demonstrate how minimally invasive endoscopic therapies can be used successfully to manage such a cohort. Methods Between September 2008 and January 2010, five patients presented to Wishaw General Hospital with Boerhaave’s syndrome, all with an associated septic profile and none fit for surgery. They were managed using minimally invasive endoscopic therapies including endoscopic placement of oesophageal stents, elimination of mediastinal/pleural contamination using video assisted thorascopic lavage, management of subsequent collections using sinus tract endoscopy and minilaparotomy with transhiatal endoscopic drainage, and closure of oesophagocutaneous fistulas using the Surgisis® (Cook Surgical, Bloomington, IN, US) anal fistula plug sited endoscopically with a rendezvous technique. Results Oesophageal re-epithelialisation and resolution of sepsis was achieved in all five cases on days 50, 50, 51, 59 and 103. Four patients are alive today. The fifth died on day 109 in hospital as a consequence of co-morbidity. Two patients required oesophageal dilatation for benign oesophageal strictures. Conclusions Minimally invasive endoscopic therapy can be used successfully to achieve oesophageal re-epithelialisation and resolution of sepsis in patients unfit for surgical intervention. It offers a feasible treatment for patients not accounted for in today’s literature and expands on currently described endoscopic therapies.
Evaluation of content of essential oil in selected Salvia L. Species / Hodnocení obsahu silice ve vybraných druzích rodu Salvia L.
Authors: Neugebauerová J. , Raab S. , Kaffková K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Salvia L. is multipurpose aromatic plant, used in a wide range of industries, including pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food and above all, in ornamental gardening. The aim of this study is evaluation of essential oil content of ornamental Salvia L. species cultivated in experimental field of Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice during two periods 2002-2004 and 2009- 2012. Variability of essential oil yield of 42 different taxa was monitored for 9 years. Essential oil content was determined via steam distillation, expressed as ml/kg. The lowest content for the entire period showed sample S. przewalskii, in year 2010 (content 0.02 ml/kg) and the highest content for the entire period showed sample S. officinalis ‘Extracta’, in year 2004 (22.90 ml/kg). The results of evaluation of essential oil content in Salvia L. are consistent with data in the literature comparing the case of subspecies and varieties of Salvia officinalis L. The average content of essential oil ranges from 6.51 to 19.20 ml/kg.
3-Hydroxycineole bioproduction from 1,8-cineole using Gymnopilus spectabilis 7423 under resting cell conditions
Authors: Vega Beatriz , Reyes Beatriz , Rodriguez Paula , Sierra Wilson , Gonzalez David , Menendez Pilar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis report describes the high yield biotransformation of 1,8-cineole by the strain Gymnopilus spectabilis 7423, a common fungus isolated from the Eucalyptus tree. The biotransformation was conducted under resting cell conditions and different parameters were tested in order to achieve up to 90% bioconversion. Only two regioisomers were detected, and they were identified as 3-α-hydroxy-1,8-cineole and 2-α-hydroxy-1,8- cineole obtained in a 82:8 ratio.
Synthesis of 3-benzylidene-dihydrofurochromen-2-ones: promising intermediates for biflavonoid synthesis
Authors: Baron Verna , Mead Keith T. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A route to 3-benzylidene-dihydrofurochromen-2-ones from 2H-chromenes is described. Lactonization of 2H-chromenes was achieved using a two-step cyclopropanation-rearrangement sequence. Subsequent conversion of these intermediates to the corresponding α-benzylidene lactones was achieved by lithium enolate aldol reaction, followed by base-promoted elimination of the aldolate mesylates. The alkene geometry was found to be base-dependent. While the use of KOBu
t
favored formation of the E isomer, the application of DBU showed a slight preference for the Z isomer. In further studies, these 3-benzylidene-dihydrofurochromen-2-ones were converted to polyaromatic structures possessing all the required functionality for biflavonoid synthesis.
Towards a Semiotics of the "Loving Light”: the Transmodern Turn
Authors: Stănciulescu∗ Traian-Dinorel D. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The core of what we call transmodern turn is sustained (after decades of dominance of post-modern epistemology) by the shaping of an ontological model of the “Essentials Unity”, in which Human Being, the World and God should be in a non-conflictual relationship of togetherness, by a resonant / holographic mechanism of light. (Re)cognizing that the world-object and metalanguage have an objective interface, religion, philosophy and modern (social) sciences harmonise their specific assertions through a semiotics of the "loving light” capable of proving that: syntactically, the world is governed by unifying patterns which contain the semantic meanings of an objective human “language of light”; from a pragmatic point of view, biophotonically assumed, the fundamental values of human being / history can be traced in the ontologic (natural - cultural) act of signification which foregrounds the becoming of universal resonance into love
Kinetics of Quality Attributes of Potato Particulates during Cooking Process
Authors: Jobe B. , Rattan N.S. , Ramaswamy H.S. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Kinetics of thermal texture softening, color change and loss of ascorbic acid in potato (Solanum tuberosum) were investigated at selected temperature range (70–100°C) and heating time range (0–50 min). Cut samples of potatoes were heated in a constant temperature water bath at various temperatures. Heat-treated samples were evaluated for texture, color and ascorbic acid by use of a texture-testing machine, a color meter and spectrophotometer, respectively. The biphasic first-order model, the fractional conversion model and the simple first-order model were used for fitting experimental data of time dependence kinetics, while the simple first-order model and Arrhenius model were used for temperature dependence kinetics. The results indicated that the biphasic first-order model can match well to the texture softening of potato samples, the fractional conversion model can well describe the kinetics of color, and the simple first-order model can be used for the kinetics of ascorbic acid. The kinetic parameters including decimal deduction time (D), reaction rate (k), temperature dependence (z) and activation energy (E
a) were determined by the nonlinear regression method. The correlation matrix between quality attributes including texture properties, color and ascorbic acid loss was developed based on the kinetic models. The results obtained from this study were compared with those previously reported.
Provisioning nest material for Rooks; a potential tool for conservation management
Authors: Horváth Éva , Solt Szabolcs , Kotymán László , Palatitz Péter , Piross Imre Sándor , Fehérvári Péter 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Active conservation measures often entail supplementing scarce resources, such as food or nesting site to high conservation value species. We hypothesized that adequate nest material in reasonable distance is a scarce resource for Rooks breeding in open grassland habitats of Hungary. Here we show that Rooks willingly utilize large quantities of provided excess nesting material, and that this procedure may alter nest composition, and increase the number of successful pairs. Our results show that while nest height remains constant, twig diameter is significantly larger, the number of twigs used per nest is presumably smaller, and that the ratio of nests with fledglings is higher in a rookery where supplementary twigs were present. Providing twigs and branches in the vicinity of rookeries may serve as an active conservation measure to increase the number of nests in a rookery, and thus the potential number of nesting possibilities for Red-footed Falcons.