bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of MEFV Curve in the Intrathoracic Large Airway Obstruction: a retrospective study
Authors: Gong Ying , Xue Liping , Wu Xu , Shen Zhiwen , Li Chun , Song Yuanlin , Jiang Weipeng , Li Li 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve played an important part in diagnosing the intrathoracic large airway obstruction (ILAO). This study aimed to explore potential discriminative indicators for ILAO by MEFV curve.
Methods
In this retrospective observational study, we collected pulmonary function tests of patients with ILAO or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They were randomly classified into model and validation groups. The predictive model for ILAO was established by forced expiratory flow (FEF)50%/FEF25% and Empey’s index, and subsequently validated.
Results
Between January, 2012, and December, 2021, 63 patients with ILAO and 64 with COPD were included. The peak expiratory flow (PEF), FEF50%, FEF75%, FEF25 − 75%, FEF ratios and Empey’s index were significantly different in two group. In the model group, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve results showed that the areas under the curve (AUCs) were as follows: FEF50%/FEF25% 0.935(P = 0.000), FEF75%/FEF50% 0.623 (P = 0.091), FEF75%/FEF25% 0.795 (P < 0.001) and Empey’s index 0.922 (P < 0.001). When FEF50%/FEF25% was ≥ 0.960, sensitivity and specificity were 93.8% and 87.5%. When Empey’s index was ≥ 7.415, sensitivity and specificity were 84.4% and 100%. When FEF50%/FEF25%≥0.960 and Empey’s index was ≥ 7.415, sensitivity and specificity were 81.3% and 87.5%. The predictive performance of FEF50%/FEF25%, Empey’s index and the combined parameters were calculated in the validation group, with high sensitivity and acceptable specificity.
Conclusions
The predictive model for ILAO established using FEF50%/FEF25% and Empey’s index demonstrates good practical value, which makes FEF50%/FEF25% and Empey’s index potential discriminative indicators for ILAO.
The Relationship Between Premature Ventricular Complexes Burden and Cardiac-Electrophysiologic Balance Index After Premature Ventricular Complex Catheter Ablation
Authors: Özkan Can , Uğuz Berat , Zengin İsmet , Yıldırım Ahmet 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Backround
Sudden cardiac death due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias is a global concern. Electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters can predict ventricular arrhythmias. Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are common arrhythmias, potentially triggering life-threatening events. The index of cardiac electrophysiological balance (iCEB) is hypothesized to predict arrhythmias. This study aimed to correlate iCEB with PVC burden post-catheter ablation.
Methods
Ninety-eight patients without structural heart disease underwent PVC catheter ablation. Successful ablation was defined as PVC elimination without recurrence. iCEB was calculated from resting ECG. Patients were categorized based on PVC burden. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.
Results
No significant differences in cardiovascular risk factors were found among groups. Lower iCEBc was associated with higher PVC burden. An iCEBc value of 4.87 had 72% specificity and 65.2% sensitivity for predicting PVC burden.
Conclusion
The study suggests that iCEBc is a promising predictor for post-ablation PVC burden, indicating its potential clinical utility. Further research validating these findings and elucidating underlying mechanisms is needed to enhance risk stratification and optimize patient management. Integrating iCEBc assessment into routine practice may aid in identifying high-risk patients and implementing targeted interventions. iCEBc is a non-invasive marker for predicting PVC burden following PVC catheter ablation in patients with structurally normal hearts.
Evaluation of salivary biomarkers during en-masse retraction of protruded teeth into recent and healed extraction sites– a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Niraj Vaghela , Sardana Rinkle , Banerjee Mithu , Bhatia Navleen Kaur , Moungkhom Priyawati , Kumar Pravin , Singh Surjit , Chugh Vinay Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The study aimed to evaluate levels of salivary biomarkers during en-masse retraction of anterior maxillary teeth into recent and healed extraction sites.
Materials and methods
Twenty patients with protruded anterior maxillary teeth requiring en-masse retraction were randomly allocated into two groups. In the healed extraction (HE) group, first premolar extraction was performed at the beginning of treatment while in the recent extraction (RE) group, it was done just before the initiation of en-masse retraction. Saliva and study model collection was done at start of treatment, after leveling, and after 2, 8 and 12-weeks of retraction, respectively. The primary outcome was to evaluate concentrations of salivary biomarkers; receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Rate of en-masse retraction was secondary outcome. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA was applied for within-group changes, and an independent t-test for the intergroup comparison (P < 0.05).
Results
An increase in concentration of RANKL and decrease in OPG concentration was observed in both the RE and HE groups at 12 weeks; however, the intergroup comparison showed no statistically significant differences (P = 0.517). RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly higher in the RE group (P = 0.015) at 12 weeks. A significantly higher rate of en-masse retraction was found in the RE group (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Variations in RANKL/OPG ratio can be considered a better predictor of orthodontic tooth movement. A significant higher rate of retraction in the RE group suggests that immediate application of retractive forces towards the RE site may hasten space closure.
Clinical Relevance
Findings of the present study suggest that immediate application of activation forces at the recent extraction site may hasten initial orthodontic tooth movement by preventing excessive strain on the alveolar bone, which has had time to heal during the tooth movement at healed extraction site. Additionally, the study contributes to existing literature that highlights saliva as an easily accessible alternative to crevicular fluid for sampling purposes.
Artificial neural networks predict the incidence of deep venous thrombosis in hospitalized patient
Authors: Zhou Zhongbin , Yao Yuan , Zhou Hanyu , Qiao Yuanyuan , Gao Zhihan , Guo Yutao , Yang Ying 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective: To construct and validate artificial neural networks (ANNs) for predicting the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis(DVT) and compare the predictive performance of the ANNs model with that of logistic regression(LR)model,linear discriminant analysis(LDA) model,and simple artificial neural network (SANNs) model.
Methods: 1295 cases were selected, including 729 patients with DVT and 566 patients without. 75% of the cases (993 cases) are randomly selected as the training set for model construction, and the remaining 25% of the cases (302 cases) are used as the testing set to verify the prediction performance. After deep learning of the training data, the ANNs model with different numbers of hidden_nodes and epochs was constructed. The prediction efficiency of the ANNs model was tested by comparing the results of LR,LDA,and SANNs model as the benchmark afterwards.
Results: When the number of hidden_nodes was 8 and the number of epochs was 800 in ANNS model, the Acc reached the highest,which the Acc, Youden index was 81.84%, 0.6450 respectively.The prediction performance of this model was higher than that of LR,LDA ,and SANNs.
Conclusions: This study provided good evidence for the application of ANNs to predict DVT in a large number of data. However, more research will be needed to confirm its application in the prediction of DVT.
Minimally invasive treatment of grade I and II gluteal muscle contracture using a self-made special cutter combined with a specialized compression hemostasis device
Authors: Yang Yingguo , Peng Zixuan , Shi Linlin , Wang Ye , Zhu Dongcheng , Ye Zhiyuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
To explore the method and curative effect of minimally invasive treatment of gluteal muscle contracture (GMC) with self-made special cutter combined with special compression hemostasis device.
Methods
The data of 88 patients with GMC treated in our hospital from May 2017 to January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into two groups according to different surgical instruments and hemostatic devices. There were 44 cases in the minimally invasive group, including 18 males and 26 females whose age ranged from 7 to 25 years with the course of disease ranging from 3 to 21 years. There were 27 cases of grade Ⅰ and 17 cases of grade Ⅱ who were treated with self-made special cutter for GMC combined with self-made special compression hemostasis device. While there were 44 cases in the traditional group, including 17 males and 27 females whose age ranged from 6 to 23 years with the course of disease ranging from 4 to 20 years. 25 cases of grade Ⅰ and 19 cases of grade Ⅱ in this group used open gluteal contracture fasciolysis combined with traditional abdominal band compression to stop bleeding. The incision length, operation time, intraoperative bleeding and postoperative bleeding were compared between the two groups.
Results
There were no complications such as infection, hip instability and sciatic nerve injury in the two groups. The cross-leg test, knee squat, gait and movement returned to normal. Ad Ober's symptom and frog leg symptom were negative. One patient in the traditional group had secondary hematoma after incision, which was cured by incision and drainage again. The incision length (1.3 ± 0.2 cm) in the minimally invasive group was significantly shorter than that in the traditional group (6.4 ± 1.4 cm), as was the operation time (46.3 ± 7.9 min vs 62.2 ± 15.1 min). Meanwhile, the amount of intraoperative bleeding (33.7 ± 11.5 ml vs 60.9 ± 25.0) ml) and postoperative bleeding (51.1 ± 19.4 vs 112.9 ± 36.2ml) of patients in the minimally invasive group was significantly lower than that in the traditional group, respectively (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The minimally invasive treatment of grade I and grade II GMC with a self-made special cutter combined with a special compression hemostatic device can achieve favorable clinical outcomes. Additionally, it causes less trauma, simplifies the operation, reduces intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, allows for early functional exercise, and promotes rapid functional recovery. Therefore, this treatment is worthy of clinical application.
Heat transfer and Flow Analysis for Square Tube with Oscillating Electromagnetic Field with Experimental Data by Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Sirijaroenpanitch Anumut , Vengsungnle P. , Naphon N. , Eiamsa-ard S , Naphon P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The heat transfer and friction factor of ferrofluid passing through a square tube with an oscillating electromagnetic field were investigated experimentally. The impact of electromagnetic rotating direction, flux, and frequency on heat and flow characteristics has been investigated. The Brownian motion of particles has been shown to considerably influence the direction, power, and frequency of electromagnetic rotation, resulting in higher heat transfer. The interruption of electromagnetic flow raises the friction factor even further. In addition, a three-layer back propagation network model is built, with input, hidden, and output layers numbered 5, 17, and 2, respectively. This ANN model performed well statistically, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.99939 to 0.9996 and mean square errors (MSE) ranging from 0.0106 to 0.0190. The ANN results match the observed data within ± 5% and ± 10% error ranges for heat and flow characteristics, respectively. As a consequence, this machine learning approach might be used to forecast heat exchanger thermal performance.
Development of the STEP UP guidance to help researchers design inclusive clinical trials.
Authors: Biggs Katie , Hullock Katie , Dix Caroline , Lane J. Athene , Green Heidi , Treweek Shaun , Shiely Frances , Shepherd Victoria , Willis Andrew , Isaacs Talia , Cooper Cindy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
It is important to design clinical trials to include all those who may benefit from the intervention being tested. Several frameworks have been developed to help researchers think about the barriers to inclusion of particular under-served groups when designing a trial, but there is a lack of practical guidance on how to implement these frameworks. This paper describes the ACCESS project, the findings from each phase of the project and the guidance we developed (STEP UP) on how to design more inclusive trials.
Methods
Development of the STEP UP guidance had five phases: (1) Scoping literature review, (2) ‘roundtable’ discussion meetings, (3) redesign of trials, (4) interviews and (5) guidance document development, with input from public contributors and the ACCESS team.
Results
Over 40 experts contributed to the ACCESS project - patients and the public, clinicians, NHS research staff, trialists and other academics. The scoping review identified several strategies being used to improve inclusion, mostly around recruitment settings, but there was little evaluation of these strategies. The ‘roundtable’ discussions identified additional strategies being used across the UK and Ireland to improve inclusion, which were grouped into: Communication, Community engagement, Recruitment sites, Patient information, Flexibility, Recruitment settings, Consent process, Monitoring, Training for researchers and Incentives. These strategies were used to redesign three existing trials by applying one of the three INCLUDE frameworks (ethnicity, socioeconomic disadvantage, impaired capacity to consent) to one trial each, to produce the key recommendations for the guidance. Issues around implementation were explored in stakeholder interviews and key facilitators were identified: funders requesting information on inclusion, having the time and funding to implement strategies, dedicated staff, flexibility in trial protocols, and considering inclusion of under-served groups at the design stages. The STEP UP guidance is freely available at http://step-up-clinical-trials.co.uk.
Conclusion
Researchers should consider inclusivity to shape initial trial design decisions. Trial teams and funders need to ensure that trials are given both the resources and time needed to implement the STEP UP guidance and increase the opportunities to recruit a diverse population.
Instantaneous self-healing and ultra-low detection limit hydrogel electronic sensor for temporomandibular disorders intelligent diagnosis
Authors: Zhao Hang , Yan Yujie , Yu Lixia , Zhang Xuefeng , Han Qi , Yang Zhixin , Lu Xingyuan , Wang Jiongke , Xu Hao , Chen Qianming 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) intelligent diagnosis promises to elevate clinical efficiency, facilitating timely TMD management for patients and staving off the emergence of severe TMJ disability and pain. However, development of TMD intelligent diagnostic tools with high accuracy and sensitivity faces challenges, particularly in sensing minute deformations and ensuring rapid self-healing. Here, inspired by clinical joint palpation, based on the minute facial deformations (0.31-1.62 mm) caused by subtle TMJ movements, we report a biocompatible hydrogel electronic sensor that is capable of instantaneous self-healing (within 2.1 s) and ultra-low detection limit (0.005% strain). The clinical trials involving 120 cases demonstrated that it can efficiently identify the typical clinical manifestations of TMD, such as joint clicking, the adjunctive diagnosis of TMD with repeatability (Kappa=0.86) and a satisfactory accuracy of 90.00%, and it also had a clear indication of other uncoordinated TMJ activity and the timing of TMJ clicking, with a sensitivity of up to 100% for the diagnosis of TMD. Furthermore, to mitigate the reliance on physicians for the diagnostic tool, a predictive model based on sensing waveform features was constructed, achieving high accuracy of 84.4% and sensitivity of 0.86. In summary, the hydrogel sensor, to the best of our knowledge, is the first hydrogel-based strain sensor used for TMD monitoring and is expected to become a radiation-free, non-invasive, convenient and efficient examination tool for clinical TMD diagnosis in the future.
RSM01, a Novel Respiratory Syncytial Virus Monoclonal Antibody: Preclinical Characterization and Results of a First-in-Human, Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Bonavia Aurelio , Levi Micha , Rouha Harald , Badarau Adriana , Terstappen Jonne , Watson Shayne , Anderson Aparna B , White Joleen T , Ananworanich Jintanat , Taylor Dale , Radivojevic Andrijana , Shaffer Michael , Stamm Luisa M , Dunne Michael W 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease among infants and young children worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). RSM01 is a novel, highly potent, half-life-extended anti-RSV monoclonal antibody (mAb) candidate primarily being developed for LMICs. Here we present the preclinical characterisation and results of a phase 1 trial of RSM01.
Methods
Preclinical characterisation of RSM01 was conducted using in-vitro neutralization assays and cotton rat models.
In the first-in-human, double-blind, phase 1 trial, 56 healthy adults were randomised 6:1 within dose cohorts to receive a single dose of RSM01 (n=48) or placebo (n=8): 300 mg intravenously (IV), 300 mg intramuscularly (IM) or 1000 mg IV (parallel cohorts), 3000 mg IV, and an expansion cohort of 600 mg IM. Systemic solicited adverse events (AEs) were assessed through day 7; unsolicited AEs were collected through day 151. Pharmacokinetics and anti-drug antibodies (ADA) to RSM01 were assessed using immunoassays. A population pharmacokinetics model predicted paediatric pharmacokinetics parameters using allometric scaling and age-specific population weight statistics of North American and African infants.
Results
RSM01 exhibited highly potent neutralizing activity in the single ng/mL range (0.7-6.4) against diverse RSV-A and RSV-B isolates in vitro. RSM01 also demonstrated prophylactic efficacy in cotton rat models with both RSV subtypes. In the phase 1 clinical trial, the most common unsolicited AEs were COVID-19 (2/48), headache (2/48), and nausea (2/48), all in RSM01-treated participants. The only systemic solicited AEs reported were headache (5/48) and tiredness (2/48) in participants receiving RSM01. No serious AEs or deaths were reported. The half-life of RSM01 was 78 days with dose-proportional increases in Tmax and AUClast after IV administration. Among RSM01-treated participants, 2/48 were ADA positive at baseline, and 1/48 seroconverted to ADA-positive post-baseline.
Conclusions
RSM01 is a highly potent, half-life-extended, RSV-neutralising mAb candidate that was shown to be well tolerated in healthy adults. The rate of ADA to RSM01 was low. The long half-life of RSM01 and pharmacokinetics profile support further development of RSM01 as a potential single dose per season prophylaxis to prevent RSV disease in infants.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05118386, Nov 12, 2021
Does Insulin treatment affect Umbilical Artery Doppler indices in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes?
Authors: Troìa Libera , Ferrari Stefania , Dotta Anna , Giacomini Sonia , Mainolfi Erika , Spissu Federica , Tivano Alessia , Libretti Alessandro , Surico Daniela , Remorgida Valentino 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common morbidities of pregnancy. The impact of increased maternal blood glucose on fetoplacental hemodynamics is not fully elucidated, especially in patients with uncontrolled GDM necessitating insulin therapy. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of insulin therapy on the umbilical artery dopplers in GDM pregnancies with adequate for gestational age fetuses. Methods Retrospective observational study among 447 GDM pregnant women, divided according to their treatment: nutritiona therapy (NT), long acting (LA) insulin and combined insulin. The umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI) was recorded at 28, 32 and 36 weeks. Results UA-PI values declined in both GDM and healthy controls at all 3 time interval. The combined insulin group showed always a reduced UA-PI values in comparison to LA insulin group but the difference never reached statistical significance. The combined insulin group exhibited significant reduced UA-PI values at 32 and 36-weeks’ gestation compared to the NT groups. Conclusion A decreased impedence to blood flow in the umbilical artery of diabetic mothers on insulin therapy was observed, more pronounced during the final stage of pregnancy. Maternal hyperglycemia could have a worsening effect on fetal vasculature. Nevertheless, the extent to which umbilical artery PI can predict unfavorable outcomes associated with maternal hyperglycemia has yet to be determined. Further additional prospective studies are necessary to confirm the precise impact of glucose levels and medical interventions on the circulation of both the fetus and the mother.
The application value of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) multi- parameter imaging in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Xingxing , Tian Hongzhe , Li Wei , Li Jun , Xu Kai , Jin Chenwang , Pang Yuhui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Lung cancer continues to pose a serious risk to human health. With a high mortality rate, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major type of lung cancer, making up to 85% of all cases of lung cancer. Lung adenocarcinoma (AC), and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SC) are the two primary types of NSCLC. Determining the pathological type of NSCLC is important in establishing the most effective treatment method. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) multi-parameter imaging is an imaging technology that provides accurate and reliable disease diagnosis, and its uses are utilized for the combined diagnostic efficacy of AC and SC.
Methods: We analyzed 71 lung cancer patients (36 squamous cell carcinomas; 35 adenocarcinomas) who had undergone enhanced DECT scans, including arterial and venous phases in this single-center retrospective study. The tumor diameter, water concentration (WC), iodine concentration (IC), normalized iodine concentration (NIC), Z effective (Zeff), and slope of the curve (K) in lesions were evaluated during two scanning phases in the two separate pathological types of lung cancers. Statistical analysis was used to determine the diagnostic efficacy of morphological parameters alone, and the combined efficacy of spectral parameters and morphological parameters.
Results: In a univariate analysis involving 71 lung cancer patients, the results from Zeff, IC, NIC, and K from the AC's arterial and venous phase images were more elevated than those from the SC (P<0.05). In contrast, the WC results were lower than those from SC (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for multi-parameter joint prediction typing was 0.831, with a corresponding sensitivity of 63.9% and specificity of 94.3%.
Conclusion: It is possible to distinguish between central SC and AC using the spectrum characteristics of DECT-enhanced scanning (Zeff, IC, NIC, K, WC, and tumor diameter). Diagnostic effectiveness can be greatly improved when multiple variables are included, and practical treatment plans can be formulated, as well as predicting prognosis in clinical settings.