bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined symptomatology of psychosis, pica syndrome, and hippocampal sclerosis: A case report
Authors: Rohde Judith , Claussen Malte Christian , Kuechenhoff Bernhard , Seifritz Erich , Schuepbach Daniel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPica is the developmentally and culturally inappropriate eating of nonnutritive substances for at least 1 month. Herein, we present the case of a male patient that suddenly showed behavioral changes including aggressiveness, withdrawal, and perceptional disturbances at the age of 12. About 7 years later, pica symptoms emerged additionally. Neither pharmacotherapy nor electroconvulsive therapy led to success. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral sclerosis of the hippocampus. The therapy with carbamazepine, clozapine, diazepam, and zinc finally improved the symptoms including the pica symptoms. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
Probabilistic flood risk mapping including spatial dependence
Authors: Neal Jeffrey , Keef Caroline , Bates Paul , Beven Keith , Leedal David 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEffective flood risk management depends on methods for estimating flood hazard and an appraisal of the dominant uncertainties in the analysis. Typically, hydraulic models are used to simulate the extent of flooding for an estimate of the flow in a particular reach for a chosen probability of exceedance. However, this definition causes problems at river confluences where flows derive from multiple sources. Here, a model‐based approach was adopted to describe the multisite joint distribution of river flows for three rivers that converge on the city of Carlisle (UK). Monte‐Carlo methods were used to generate flood events with realistic spatial dependence between tributaries which would occur over a 1000 year period. To account for the uncertainty in the data used to create the event set, block bootstrapping was used to produce a further 100 runs of the event generator over notional 1000 year periods. Each of the 20 000 events created by this process was then simulated using a 10 m resolution two‐dimensional hydraulic model of the whole city to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. Spatial dependence was found to be important because no single event caused the maximum flood extent at all locations and assuming perfect correlation between tributaries overestimated flood hazard. Uncertainty in estimates of inundation probability was significant to the extent that confidence intervals in risk estimates were larger than expected; however, the interaction of flows with the flood defences and valley topography gave a distinct structure to the inundation probabilities and risk. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unbiased estimates of long‐term net survival of hematological malignancy patients detailed by major subtypes in France
Authors: Monnereau Alain , Troussard Xavier , Belot Aurélien , Guizard Anne‐Valérie , Woronoff Anne‐Sophie , Bara Simona , Lapôtre‐Ledoux Bénédicte , Iwaz Jean , Tretarre Brigitte , Maynadié Marc ,   The French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM)
Published: October 2012

AbstractLong‐term population‐based survival data detailed by cancer subtype are important to measure the overall outcomes of malignancy managements. We provide net survival estimates at 1, 3, 5 and 10‐year postdiagnosis on 37,549 hematological malignancy (HM) patients whose ages were >15 years, diagnosed between 1989 and 2004 and actively followed until 2008 by French population‐based cancer registries. These are, to our knowledge, the first unbiased estimates of 10‐year net survival in HMs detailed by subtypes. HMs were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases‐Oncology 3. Net survival was estimated with the unbiased Pohar‐Perme method. The results are reported by sex and age classes. The changes of these indicators by periods of diagnosis were tabulated and the trends of the net mortality rates over time since diagnosis graphed. In all, 5‐ and 10‐year age‐standardized net survivals after HMs varied widely from 81 and 76% for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) to 18 and 14% for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Even in HMs with the most favorable prognoses, the net survival decreased between 5‐ and 10‐year postdiagnosis. Women had better prognoses than men and age at diagnosis was an unfavorable prognostic factor for most HMs. In patients <55 years old, the net mortality rate decreased to null values 5‐year postdiagnosis in AML and 10‐year postdiagnosis in CHL, precursor non‐HL, chronic myelogenous leukemia, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. The prognoses improved for various HMs over the study period. The obtained unbiased indicators are important to evaluate national cancer plans.
Role of standardized and study‐specific human brain diffusion tensor templates in inter‐subject spatial normalization
Authors: Zhang Shengwei , Arfanakis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the effect of standardized and study‐specific human brain diffusion tensor templates on the accuracy of spatial normalization, without ignoring the important roles of data quality and registration algorithm effectiveness.Materials and Methods:Two groups of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) datasets, with and without visible artifacts, were normalized to two standardized diffusion tensor templates (IIT2, ICBM81) as well as study‐specific templates, using three registration approaches. The accuracy of inter‐subject spatial normalization was compared across templates, using the most effective registration technique for each template and group of data.Results:It was demonstrated that, for DTI data with visible artifacts, the study‐specific template resulted in significantly higher spatial normalization accuracy than standardized templates. However, for data without visible artifacts, the study‐specific template and the standardized template of higher quality (IIT2) resulted in similar normalization accuracy.Conclusion:For DTI data with visible artifacts, a carefully constructed study‐specific template may achieve higher normalization accuracy than that of standardized templates. However, as DTI data quality improves, a high‐quality standardized template may be more advantageous than a study‐specific template, because in addition to high normalization accuracy, it provides a standard reference across studies, as well as automated localization/segmentation when accompanied by anatomical labels. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:372–381. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel application of T1‐weighted BLADE sequences with fat suppression compared to TSE in contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted imaging of the neck: Cutting‐edge images?
Authors: Finkenzeller Thomas , Zorger Niels , Kühnel Thomas , Paetzel Christian , Schuierer Gerhard , Stroszczynski Christian , Fellner Claudia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate if the use of BLADE sequences might overcome some limitations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the extracranial head and neck, which is a diagnostically challenging area with a variety of artifacts and a broad spectrum of potential lesions.Materials and Methods:After informed consent and Institutional Review Board approval, two different BLADE sequences with (BLADE IR) and without inversion pulse (BLADE) were compared to turbo‐spin echo (TSE) with fat saturation for coronal T1‐weighted postcontrast imaging of the extracranial head and neck region in 40 individuals of a routine patient collective. Visual evaluation of image sharpness, motion artifacts, vessel pulsation, contrast of anatomic structures, contrast of pathologies to surrounding tissue as well as BLADE‐specific artifacts was performed by two experienced, independent readers. Statistical evaluation was done by using the Wilcoxon test.Results:Both BLADE and BLADE IR were significantly superior to TSE regarding pulsation artifacts and delineation of thoracic structures. TSE provided better results concerning contrast muscle/fat tissue and contrast lymph nodes/fat. More important, it showed significantly better contrast of several lesions, facilitating the detection of patient pathology.Conclusion:T1‐weighted coronal imaging of the extracranial head and neck region is demanding. T1‐weighted BLADE sequences still have drawbacks in anatomical contrast and lesion detection but offer possibilities to achieve reasonable image quality in difficult cases with a variety of artifacts. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:660—668. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Symptom interval in pediatric patients with solid tumors: Adolescents are at greater risk of late diagnosis
Authors: Veneroni Laura , Mariani Luigi , Lo Vullo Salvatore , Favini Francesca , Catania Serena , de Pava Marco Vajna , Massimino Maura , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe awareness that adolescents can have cancer is probably insufficient, not only among teenagers and their families, but also among physicians, and adolescent patients are reportedly often referred to qualified cancer institutes after a considerable delay.ProcedureA prospective series of 425 patients (28% of them adolescents) with solid tumors was analyzed to investigate the correlation between symptom interval and age, and the different contributions to symptom interval in terms of the time from symptom onset to the first contact with a doctor (patient delay), referral to the oncologist (referral delay), and final diagnosis (oncologist delay).ResultsThe median symptom interval was 47 days for 0 to 14‐year‐old patients and 137 for those ≥15 years (P < 0.001). The greatest delay in the adolescent group related to the patient delay (63.3% of the total symptom interval).ConclusionAdolescents are often diagnosed with longer delay as compared to children. The main contribution to symptom interval in adolescents appears to be due to the time they first go to a doctor; however, also the time taken by the physician to the patient to a specialist (oncologist or surgeon) able to define the diagnosis of cancer was longer for adolescents than for younger patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 605–610. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regression patterns in treated retinoblastoma with chemotherapy plus focal adjuvant therapy
Authors: Ghassemi Fariba , Rahmanikhah Elham , Roohipoor Ramak , Karkhaneh Reza , Faegh Adeleh 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was evaluation of the regression patterns after 3, 6, and 8 months of treatment.MethodsA total of 100 retinoblastoma tumors (57 eyes of 35 patients) were treated with 6 (n = 8) or 8 (n = 92) cycles of systemic chemoreduction and tumor consolidation (transpupillary thermotherapy [TTT] or cryotherapy) during this prospective study.ResultsAfter 3 months of treatment, type 3 was the predominant pattern (n = 57%, 57%), while after 6 and 8 months of treatment the tumors regressed to type 4 most often (44% and 52%, respectively). Smaller tumors and the peripheral tumors were likely to regress to type 4, whereas larger tumors and those nearer to fovea were more likely to become type 1 pattern. Tumors consolidated with cryotherapy mostly showed type 4 regression (3rd month: 40%, 6th month: 90%, and 8th month: 87.5%). Whereas, those treated with TTT rather regressed to type 3 after 3 months (57.9%) and to type 4 after 6 and 8 months of treatment (51.4% and 59.5%, respectively). Recurrence of the tumor was 40% in our cases with defined correlation with tumor location, size, and subretinal seeds.ConclusionWe conclude that regression patterns of tumors in patients undergoing systemic chemoreduction with focal adjuvant treatments predominantly changed over time and their changes are dependent on tumor size, location, and type of treatment. It appears that subretinal seeds, tumor size, and location of tumors are the most important factors predicting tumor recurrence. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 599–604. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproducibility study of crown–rump length and biparietal diameter measurements in the first trimester
Authors: Souka Athena P. , Pilalis Athanasios , Papastefanou Ioannis , Salamalekis George , Kassanos Dimitrios 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the intra‐observer and inter‐observer variability of crown–rump length (CRL) and biparietal diameter (BPD) measurements in the first trimester.MethodsA prospective observational study on 592 fetuses between 8 and 14 gestational weeks was conducted. Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed, and Bland–Altman analysis was carried out.ResultsThe ICCs (95% confidence interval) and the 95% limits of agreement, expressed as a percentage of the average, for CRL's intra‐observer and inter‐observer variability were 0.979 (0.974–0.982, p < 0.001), +8.53% to −8.376%, and 0.968 (0.952–0.978, p < 0.001), +9.06% to −7.69%, respectively. The corresponding figures for BPD were 0.981 (0.977–0.984, p < 0.001), +7.41% to −7.51%, and 0.968 (0.952–0.978, p < 0.001), +6.65% to −7.25%. After conversion in days, the ICCs and 95% limits of agreement for CRL's intra‐observer and inter‐observer variability were 0.983 (0.980–0.986, p < 0.001), +2.88% to −2.84%, and 0.971 (0.957–0.980, p < 0.001), 2.83% to −2.60%, respectively. The corresponding figures for BPD were 0.982 (0.979–0.986, p < 0.001), +3.36% to −3.40%, and 0.968 (0.953–0.978, p < 0.001), +3.06% to −3.38%. CRL's standard deviation of the differences increased with gestation for intra‐observer (r = 0.289, p < 0.001) and inter‐observer (r = 0.197, p = 0.023) variability.ConclusionThe BPD and CRL are highly reproducible measurements. CRL's measurement error increased with the magnitude of CRL, whereas BPD's reproducibility was not affected by gestational age. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epitope‐specificity of recombinant antibodies reveals promiscuous peptide‐binding properties
Authors: Olsson Niclas , Wallin Stefan , James Peter , Borrebaeck Carl A. K. , Wingren Christer 
Published: October 2012

AbstractProtein–peptide interactions are a common occurrence and essential for numerous cellular processes, and frequently explored in broad applications within biology, medicine, and proteomics. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism(s) of protein–peptide recognition, specificity, and binding interactions will be essential. In this study, we report the first detailed analysis of antibody–peptide interaction characteristics, by combining large‐scale experimental peptide binding data with the structural analysis of eight human recombinant antibodies and numerous peptides, targeting tryptic mammalian and eukaryote proteomes. The results consistently revealed that promiscuous peptide‐binding interactions, that is, both specific and degenerate binding, were exhibited by all antibodies, and the discovery was corroborated by orthogonal data, indicating that this might be a general phenomenon for low‐affinity antibody–peptide interactions. The molecular mechanism for the degenerate peptide‐binding specificity appeared to be executed through the use of 2–3 semi‐conserved anchor residues in the C‐terminal part of the peptides, in analogue to the mechanism utilized by the major histocompatibility complex–peptide complexes. In the long‐term, this knowledge will be instrumental for advancing our fundamental understanding of protein–peptide interactions, as well as for designing, generating, and applying peptide specific antibodies, or peptide‐binding proteins in general, in various biotechnical and medical applications.
SMAD7 Directly Converts Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Telencephalic Fate by a Default Mechanism
Authors: Ozair Mohammad Zeeshan , Noggle Scott , Warmflash Aryeh , Krzyspiak Joanna Ela , Brivanlou Ali H. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide a valuable window into the dissection of the molecular circuitry underlying the early formation of the human forebrain. However, dissection of signaling events in forebrain development using current protocols is complicated by non-neural contamination and fluctuation of extrinsic influences. Here, we show that SMAD7, a cell-intrinsic inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling, is sufficient to directly convert pluripotent hESCs to an anterior neural fate. Time course gene expression revealed downregulation of MAPK components, and combining MEK1/2 inhibition with SMAD7-mediated TGFβ inhibition promoted telencephalic conversion. Fibroblast growth factor-MEK and TGFβ-SMAD signaling maintain hESCs by promoting pluripotency genes and repressing neural genes. Our findings suggest that in the absence of these cues, pluripotent cells simply revert to a program of neural conversion. Hence, the “primed” state of hESCs requires inhibition of the “default” state of neural fate acquisition. This has parallels in amphibians, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved mechanism.
Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppress Human Glioma Growth Through Inhibition of Angiogenesis
Authors: Ho Ivy A.W. , Toh Han C , Ng Wai H. , Teo Yuan L. , Guo Chang M. , Hui Kam M. , Lam Paula Y.P. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Tumor tropism of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has been exploited for the delivery of therapeutic genes for anticancer therapy. However, the exact contribution of these cells in the tumor microenvironment remains unknown. In this study, we examined the biological effect of MSC on tumor cells. The results showed that MSC inhibited the growth of human glioma cell lines and patient-derived primary glioma cells in vitro. Coadministration of MSC and glioma cells resulted in significant reduction in tumor volume and vascular density, which was not observed when glioma was injected with immortalized normal human astrocytes. Using endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) from healthy donors and HUVEC endothelial cells, the extent of EPC recruitment and capacity to form endothelial tubes was significantly impaired in conditioned media derived from MSC/glioma coculture, suggesting that MSC suppressed tumor angiogenesis through the release of antiangiogenic factors. Further studies using antibody array showed reduced expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and interleukin (IL)-1β in MSC/glioma coculture when compared with controls. In MSC/glioma coculture, PDGF-BB mRNA and the corresponding proteins (soluble and membrane bound forms) as well as the receptors were found to be significantly downregulated when compared with that of glioma cocultured with normal human astrocytes or glioma monoculture. Furthermore, IL-1β, phosphorylated Akt, and cathepsin B proteins were also reduced in MSC/glioma. Taken together, these data indicated that the antitumor effect of MSC may be mediated through downregulation of PDGF/PDGFR axis, which is known to play a key role in glioma angiogenesis.
Creating a Classroom Where Readers Flourish
Authors: Miller Donalyn 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNumerous research studies prove that wide reading improves children's comprehension, background knowledge, vocabulary, fluency, and writing. The author, a sixth‐grade language arts teacher, describes the classroom conditions and instructional practices that encourage wide reading and increase her students' reading motivation such as choice in reading material, dedicating time for reading, and promoting children's literature.
The Changing Face of The Novel
Authors: Serafini Frank , Blasingame James 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article uses Dresang's dimensions of radical change to call attention to the evolving structures and features of novels for young readers being published today. The controversial topics and elaborate design features contained in contemporary novels, for example, the expansion of dystopic fiction, the disruption of traditional narrative structures, and the utilization of meta‐fictive devices, present challenges for young readers. Due to these challenges, teachers need to become more sophisticated readers of contemporary novels if they are to expand their pedagogical approaches and classroom resources.
Is climate change the number one threat to humanity?
Authors: Goklany Indur M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper challenges claims that global warming outranks other threats facing humanity through the foreseeable future (assumed to be 2085–2100). World Health Organization and British government‐sponsored global impact studies indicate that, relative to other factors, global warming's impact on key determinants of human and environmental well‐being should be small through 2085 even under the warmest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenario. Specifically, over 20 other health risks currently contribute more to death and disease worldwide than global warming. Through 2085, only 13% of mortality from hunger, malaria, and extreme weather events (including coastal flooding from sea level rise) should be from warming. Moreover, warming should reduce future global population at risk of water stress, and pressures on ecosystems and biodiversity (by increasing net biome productivity and decreasing habitat conversion). That warming is not fundamental to human well‐being is reinforced by lower bound estimates of net gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. This measure adjusts GDP downward to account for damages from warming due to market, health, and environmental impacts, and risk of catastrophe. For both developing and industrialized countries, net GDP per capita—albeit an imperfect surrogate for human well‐being—should be (1) double the current US level by 2100 under the warmest scenario, and (2) lowest under the poorest IPCC scenario but highest under the warmest scenario through 2200. The warmest world, being wealthier, should also have greater capacity to address any problem, including warming. Therefore, other problems and, specifically, lowered economic development are greater threats to humanity than global warming. WIREs Clim Change 2012, 3:489–508. doi: 10.1002/wcc.194This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Surgeon Migration Between Developing Countries and the United States: Train, Retain, and Gain from Brain Drain
Authors: Hagander Lars E. , Hughes Christopher D. , Nash Katherine , Ganjawalla Karan , Linden Allison , Martins Yolanda , Casey Kathleen M. , Meara John G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe critical shortage of surgeons in many low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) prevents adequate responses to surgical needs, but the factors that affect surgeon migration have remained incompletely understood. The goal of this study was to examine the importance of personal, professional, and infrastructural factors on surgeon migration from LMICs to the United States. We hypothesized that the main drivers of surgeon migration can be addressed by providing adequate domestic surgical infrastructure, surgical training programs, and viable surgical career paths.MethodsWe conducted an internet‐based nationwide survey of surgeons living in the US who originated from LMICs.Results66 surgeons completed the survey. The most influential factors for primary migration were related to professional reasons (p ≤ 0.001). Nonprofessional factors, such as concern for remuneration, family, and security were significantly less important for the initial migration decisions, but adopted a more substantial role in deciding whether or not to return after training in the United States. Migration to the United States was initially considered temporary (44 %), and a majority of the surveyed surgeons have returned to their source countries in some capacity (56 %), often on multiple occasions (80 %), to contribute to clinical work, research, and education.ConclusionsThis study suggests that surgically oriented medical graduates from LMICs migrate primarily for professional reasons. Initiatives to improve specialist education and surgical infrastructure in LMICs have the potential to promote retention of the surgical workforce. There may be formal ways for LMICs to gain from the international pool of relocated surgeons.