bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal Cortisol Profile in Williams Syndrome in Novel and Familiar Settings
Authors: Lense Miriam Diane , Tomarken Andrew J. , Dykens Elisabeth M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder associated with high rates of anxiety and social issues. We examined diurnal cortisol, a biomarker of the stress response, in adults with WS in novel and familiar settings, and compared these profiles to typically developing (TD) adults. WS and TD participants had similar profiles in a familiar setting, while participants with WS had elevated cortisol late in the day in the novel setting when social demands were higher. The cortisol awakening response in WS was associated with parent-reported levels of somatic complaints and social difficulties. Results suggest that adults with WS have a typical diurnal cortisol profile that may be sensitive to social and activity transitions throughout the day.
Structural Study of Photodegraded Acrylic-Coated Lime Wood Using Fourier Transform Infrared and Two-Dimensional Infrared Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Popescu Carmen-Mihaela , Simionescu Bogdan C. 
Published: June 2013

The weathering of acrylic films and acrylic-coated lime wood ( Tillia cordata Mill.) were examined using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy. The obtained results showed chemical changes induced by exposure to weathering conditions, in both films and coated wood. The observed spectral changes of the acrylic films refer to the absorption band assigned to the C–O stretching, which progressively decreases with increasing exposure time. In the spectra of treated wood samples the main signal indicating the advance of oxidation during the photodegradation exposure is the gradual increase and broadening of the band in the carbonyl region. This is due to the formation of the non-hydrogen bonded aliphatic carboxylic acids and γ-lactone structures in the acrylic resin and of the nonconjugated ketones, carboxyl groups, and lactones in wood. As a consequence, the increase of the 1734 cm−1 band is due to the degradation of lignin from wood surface. These observations are also supported by the decreased intensities of the bands at 1598 and 1505 cm−1, assigned to C=C of aromatic skeletal (lignin). The relative intensity of the characteristic aromatic lignin band at 1505 cm−1 decreases up to 25% of its original value after weathering, being less than half of the value obtained for uncoated wood. Two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) correlation spectroscopy was used to identify the sequence of the modifications of the different stretching vibrations bands under the weathering conditions, the method allowing the prediction of the order of degradation reactions. The acrylic resin degradation starts with the formation of radicals by abstraction of the tertiary hydrogen atoms of the methyl acrylate units and the α–CH3 groups from the ethyl methacrylate units. The subsequent decomposition and oxidation led to the formation of alcohol groups, hydroperoxides, ketones, and/or carboxylic acid groups. The 2D IR correlation spectra of weathered impregnated wood also revealed the elimination of low molecular weight compounds following the degradation of lignin and carbohydrates components from wood.
Plastic Bags for Prevention of Hypothermia in Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Leadford Alicia E. , Warren Jamie B. , Manasyan Albert , Chomba Elwyn , Salas Ariel A. , Schelonka Robert , Carlo Waldemar A. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Hypothermia contributes to neonatal mortality and morbidity, especially in preterm and low birth weight infants in developing countries. Plastic bags covering the trunk and extremities of very low birth weight infants reduces hypothermia. This technique has not been studied in larger infants or in many resource-limited settings. The objective was to determine if placing preterm and low birth weight infants inside a plastic bag at birth maintains normothermia.METHODS:Infants at 26 to 36 weeks’ gestational age and/or with a birth weight of 1000 to 2500 g born at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, were randomized by using a 1:1 allocation and parallel design to standard thermoregulation (blanket or radiant warmer) care or to standard thermoregulation care plus placement inside a plastic bag at birth. The primary outcome measure was axillary temperature in the World Health Organization–defined normal range (36.5–37.5°C) at 1 hour after birth.RESULTS:A total of 104 infants were randomized. At 1 hour after birth, infants randomized to plastic bag (n = 49) were more likely to have a temperature in the normal range as compared with infants in the standard thermoregulation care group (n = 55; 59.2% vs 32.7%; relative risk 1.81; 95% confidence interval 1.16–2.81; P = .007). The temperature at 1 hour after birth in the infants randomized to plastic bag was 36.5 ± 0.5°C compared with 36.1 ± 0.6°C in standard care infants (P &lt; .001). Hyperthermia (&gt;38.0°C) did not occur in any infant.CONCLUSIONS:Placement of preterm/low birth weight infants inside a plastic bag at birth compared with standard thermoregulation care reduced hypothermia without resulting in hyperthermia, and is a low-cost, low-technology tool for resource-limited settings.
Short-Course Prophylactic Zinc Supplementation for Diarrhea Morbidity in Infants of 6 to 11 Months
Authors: Malik Akash , Taneja Davendra K. , Devasenapathy Niveditha , Rajeshwari K. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND:
Zinc supplementation during diarrhea substantially reduces the incidence and severity of diarrhea. However, the effect of short-course zinc prophylaxis has been observed only in children &gt;12 months of age. Because the incidence of diarrhea is comparatively high in children aged 6 to 11 months, we assessed the prophylactic effect of zinc on incidence and duration of diarrhea in this age group.

METHODS:
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled infants aged 6 to 11 months from an urban resettlement colony in Delhi, India, between January 1, 2011, and January 15, 2012. We randomly assigned 272 infants to receive either 20 mg of zinc or a placebo suspension orally every day for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was the incidence of diarrhea per child-year. All analyses were done by intention-to-treat.

RESULTS:
A total of 134 infants in the zinc and 124 in the placebo groups were assessed for the incidence of diarrhea. There was a 39% reduction (crude incident rate ratio [IRR] 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53–0.71) in episodes of diarrhea, 39% (adjusted IRR 0.61, 95% CI 0.54–0.69) in the total number of days that a child suffered from diarrhea, and reduction of 36% in duration per episode of diarrhea (IRR 0.64, 95% CI 0.56–0.74) during the 5 months of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
Short-course prophylactic zinc supplementation for 2 weeks may reduce diarrhea morbidity in infants of 6 to 11 months for up to 5 months, in populations with high prevalence of wasting and stunting.
Discharge Timing, Outpatient Follow-up, and Home Care of Late-Preterm and Early-Term Infants
Authors: Hwang Sunah S. , Barfield Wanda D. , Smith Ruben A. , Morrow Brian , Shapiro-Mendoza Carrie K. , Prince Cheryl B. , Smith Vincent C. , McCormick Marie C. 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE:To compare the timing of hospital discharge, time to outpatient follow-up, and home care practices (breastfeeding initiation and continuation, tobacco smoke exposure, supine sleep position) for late-preterm (LPT; 34 0/7–36 6/7 weeks) and early-term (ET; 37 0/7–38/6/7 weeks) infants with term infants.METHODS:We analyzed 2000–2008 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. χ2 Analyses were used to measure differences in maternal and infant characteristics, hospital discharge, outpatient care, and home care among LPT, ET, and term infants. We calculated adjusted risk ratios for the risk of adverse care outcomes among LPT and ET infants compared with term infants.RESULTS:In the adjusted analysis, LPT infants were less likely to be discharged early compared with term infants, whereas there was no difference for ET infants (odds ratio [OR; 95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.65 [0.54–0.79]; 0.95 [0.88–1.02]). LPT and ET infants were more likely to have timely outpatient follow-up (1.07 [1.06–1.08]; 1.02 [1.02–1.03]), more likely to experience maternal tobacco smoke exposure (1.09 [1.05–1.14]; 1.08 [1.06–1.11]), less likely to be initially breastfed (0.95 [0.94–0.97]; 0.98 [0.97–0.98]), less likely to be breastfed for ≥10 weeks (0.88 [0.86–0.90]; 0.94 [0.93–0.96]), and less likely to be placed in a supine sleep position (0.95 [0.93–0.97]; 0.97 [0.96–0.98]).CONCLUSIONS:Given that LPT and ET infants bear an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, greater efforts are needed to ensure safe and healthy posthospitalization and home care practices for these vulnerable infants.
Fabrication of a p-NiO/n-Si Heterojunction Diode by UV Oxidation of Ni Deposited on n-Si
Authors: Zhang Dongyuan , Uchida Kazuo , Nozaki Shinji 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe metallic nickel (Ni) deposited on an n-Si substrate with resistivity of 4 – 6 Ω∙cm was oxidized by the ultra-violet (UV) oxidation technique to form a p-NiO/n-Si heterojunction diode. The rectifying current-voltage (I-V) characteristic confirmed formation of a pn junction. The capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristic further identified an abrupt p+n junction between NiO and n-Si. The photocurrent increased with the increased wavelength of laser under illumination of the diode. The voltage-dependent photocurrent suggests that the carriers generated in the depletion region of Si was effectively collected but not outside the depletion region. A low diffusion length of holes was attributed to Ni diffusion in Si caused by the substrate heating during the UV oxidation.
Using Hydrothermal Method to Prepare Reduced Graphene-Hemin Electrochemical Biosensor for Tyrosine Detection
Authors: Wei Junhua , Qiu Jenny 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTHemin immobilized reduced graphene(HGN) has been investigated to be an outstanding enzymatic catalysis in detection important molecular recently. In this work, two "clean" methods to prepare HGN through π-π stack were charactered by UV-vis spectra, TEM images, and δ-potential. The enzymatic catalysis of both materials was compared by catalytic hydrogen peroxide to oxidize pyrogallol. The colorimetric result shows HGN attached before reduction has stronger catalytic ability than the one after reduction. The optimized HGN was then used as an electrochemical biosensor to determine L-tyrosine levels. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests were carried out for the bare glass carbon electrode (GCE), and the optimized hemin-reduced graphene electrode (HGN1/GCE). The HGN1/GCE based biosensor exhibits a Tyrosine detection linear range from 5×10-7 M to 4×10-5 M with a detection limitation of 7.5×10-8 M at signal noise ratio (S/N) of 3. In comparison with other biosensor, electrochemical biosensors are easy-fabricated, easy-controlled, and cost-effective. Compared with other materials, the hemin-reduced graphene based biosensors demonstrate higher stability, a broader detection linear range, and better detection sensitivity. The study of oxidation scheme reveals that reduced graphene enhanced the electron transfer between electrode and hemin. Meanwhile, the hemin groups effectively electrocatalyzed the oxidation of tyrosine. This study contributes to a widespread clinical application of nanomaterial based biosensor devices with a broader detection linear range, improved stability, enhanced sensitivity, and reduced costs.
Anti-bacterial property of Hydrogen-free amorphous carbon coatings on Ar plasma-pretreated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with a-C:H:F interlayer
Authors: Umemoto Hironari , Hasebe Terumitsu , Kasai Rumiko , Yoshimoto Yukihiro , Nagashima So , Hotta Atsushi , Suzuki Tetsuya 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAmorphous carbon (a-C) films have a growing interest in the biological and medical field, as a coating material, due to their biocompatibility and antibacterial property. However, a-C films deposited directly on polymers often show adhesion failure.In this paper, two types of a-C films, amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) film and hydrogen-free a-C (H-free a-C) film were deposited on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) using a plasma deposition method. Prior to a-C film coating, the PTFE substrates were treated with Ar and O2 plasma and an appropriate interlayer was chosen to enhance the adhesion strength. The effect of the plasma pretreatment on the chemical composition of the PTFE was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A T-peel test was carried out to evaluate the adhesion strength of the a-C coated PTFE. In the T-peel test, Ar plasma pretreatment improved the adhesion strength more effectively than that of O2 plasma pretreatment, because of the substantial defluorination and oxygen bonding occurred by Ar plasma pretreatment. Moreover, H-free a-C film reduced the numbers of Escherichia coli (E. coli) colonies dramatically, compared with original PTFE and a-C:H coated PTFE. Consequently, H-free a-C film coating can be a promising method to inhibit the increase of bacteria.
Fiber-matrix interface reinforcement using Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Katz Sari , Carmiel Yacov , Gouzman Irina , Sukenik Chaim N. , Wagner Hanoch D. , Grossman Eitan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe interface between a matrix and its reinforcement is critical to the final composite properties. There are different ways to enhance bonding between the reinforcing fiber and the matrix, based mainly on surface plasma treatments which usually decrease the fiber tensile strength. In this research, atomic layer deposition (ALD) was tested as a possible way to enhance the chemical bonding between the fiber and matrix in the hope that it would not effect the fiber tensile strength. Microbond tests were carried out to measure the effect of an ALD aluminum oxide (Al2O3) coating on the fiber/matrix interfacial shear strength, and the fiber tensile strength was measured in order to assess whether this treatment harms the fiber strength. The ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers that were coated by ALD with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) showed a significant increase in the interfacial shear strength without reducing the fibers’ ultimate tensile strength.
Multipodal and Multilayer TiO2 Nanotube Arrays: Hierarchical Structures for Energy Harvesting and Sensing
Authors: Mohammadpour Arash , Farsinezhad Samira , Hsieh Ling-Hsuan , Shankar Karthik 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOur ability to fabricate multipodal and multilayer TiO2 nanotube arrays enables us to increase performance and functionality in light harvesting devices such as excitonic solar cells and photocatalysts. Using a combination of simulations and experiments, we show that multilayer nanotube arrays enable photon management in the active toward enhancing the absorption and utilization of incident light. We show that the simultaneous utilization of TiO2 nanotubes with large (∼450 nm) and small (∼80 nm) diameters in stacked multilayer films increased light absorption and photocurrent in solar cells. Such enhanced light absorption is particularly desirable in the near-infrared region of the solar spectrum in which most excitonic solar cells suffer from poor quantum efficiencies and for blue photons at the TiO2 band-edge where significant room exists for improvement of photocatalytic quantum yields. Under AM 1.5 one sun illumination, multilayer nanotube arrays afforded us an approximately 20% improvement in photocurrent over single layer nanotube array films of the same thickness for N-719 sensitized liquid junction solar cells. Also, the possibility of multipodal TiO2 nanotube growth with different electrolyte recipes is presented.
Hybrid III-V-on-Silicon Microring Lasers
Authors: Liang Di , Kurczveil Géza , Fiorentino Marco , Srinivasan Sudharsanan , Fattal David A. , Huang Zhihong , Bowers John E. , Beausoleil Raymond G. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTHybrid silicon laser is a promising solution to enable high-performance light source on large-scale, silicon-based photonic integrated circuits (PICs). As a compact laser cavity design, hybrid microring lasers are attractive for their intrinsic advantages of small footprint, low power consumption and flexibility in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), etc. Here we review recent progress in unidirectional microring lasers and device thermal management. Unidirectional emission is achieved by integrating a passive reflector that feeds laser emission back into laser cavity to introduce extra unidirectional gain. Up to 4X of device heating reduction is simulated by adding a metal thermal shunt to the laser to “short” heat to the silicon substrate through buried oxide layer (BOX) in the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. Obvious device heating reduction is also observed in experiment.
Inheritance and Allelic Relationships of Resistance Genes for Soybean mosaic virus in ‘Corsica’ and ‘Beeson’ Soybean
Authors: Shakiba Ehsan , Chen Pengyin , Shi Ainong , Li Dexiao , Dong Dekun , Brye Kris 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTSoybean mosaic virus (SMV) is an important viral disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and causes a drastic reduction of seed yield and quality. Soybean mosaic virus isolates can be classified into one of seven strain groups, G1 through G7. Three loci with SMV resistance alleles Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4 have been reported so far. Each locus contains multiple alleles: nine alleles at Rsv1, three alleles at Rsv3, and two alleles at Rsv4. Soybean cultivars Corsica (PI 559931) and Beeson (PI 548510) exhibit different patterns of response to SMV strains than differential cultivars with known genes. The objective of this study was to investigate the inheritance and allelism of resistance genes in Corsica and Beeson. To examine the inheritance of SMV resistance, Corsica and Beeson were crossed with the susceptible cultivar Essex, and the F2 and F3 progenies were inoculated with a G7 isolate. To identify the allelic relationship of genes in Corsica and Beeson with known SMV resistance loci, they were crossed with PI 96983 (Rsv1), ‘L29’ (Rsv3), and V94‐5152 (Rsv4), and their F2 plants and F2:3 lines were inoculated with G7. A serological tissue blotting immunoassay (TBIA) was used to confirm the presence or absence of the virus in the inoculated plants. Molecular markers were used to confirm the phenotypic data. The results showed a monogenic dominant resistance in Corsica, with the resistant gene located at the Rsv1 locus. Beeson also contains a single dominant gene for SMV resistance, but the gene is located at the Rsv4 locus. Both genes in Corsica and Beeson confer a different SMV reaction pattern than other reported alleles at the same loci. Therefore, we propose the new symbols of Rsv1‐c for the resistant gene in Corsica and Rsv4‐b for the resistant gene in Beeson. The results from the genetic study were confirmed by the molecular markers and TBIA. The information from this study can be used for parent selection by breeders in cross breeding and gene pyramiding.
Updated Empirical Model of Genetically Modified Maize Grain Production Practices to Achieve European Union Labeling Thresholds
Authors: Marceau A. , Gustafson D. I. , Brants I. O. , Leprince F. , Foueillassar X. , Riesgo L. , Areal F.‐J. , Sowa S. , Kraic J. , Badea E. M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAn updated empirical approach is proposed for specifying coexistence requirements for genetically modified (GM) maize (Zea mays L.) production to ensure compliance with the 0.9% labeling threshold for food and feed in the European Union. The model improves on a previously published (Gustafson et al., 2006) empirical model by adding recent data sources to supplement the original database and including the following additional cases: (i) more than one GM maize source field adjacent to the conventional or organic field, (ii) the possibility of so‐called “stacked” varieties with more than one GM trait, and (iii) lower pollen shed in the non‐GM receptor field. These additional factors lead to the possibility for somewhat wider combinations of isolation distance and border rows than required in the original version of the empirical model. For instance, in the very conservative case of a 1‐ha square non‐GM maize field surrounded on all four sides by homozygous GM maize with 12 m isolation (the effective isolation distance for a single GM field), non‐GM border rows of 12 m are required to be 95% confident of gene flow less than 0.9% in the non‐GM field (with adventitious presence of 0.3%). Stacked traits of higher GM mass fraction and receptor fields of lower pollen shed would require a greater number of border rows to comply with the 0.9% threshold, and an updated extension to the model is provided to quantify these effects.
Characterization of Large Chromosome Segment Introgressions from Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides into Bread Wheat with Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Authors: Zhou Wei , Jiang Yurong , Zhang Wei , Xu Guifang , Rong Junkang 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTLibraries of large chromosome segment introgressions from wild relatives to crop species are valuable for assigning genes to specific chromosome segments and for interspecific transfers of useful genes. Using chromosome engineering, two sets of introgression lines (ILs) were created from chromosome segments of wild emmer [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Thell. (TDIC)] in two cultivars of bread what (Triticum aestivum L.) by backcrosses to ditelocentrics. Segment identities were confirmed, and genetic lengths of segments and map positions of the translocation breakpoints were determined using 277 simple sequence repeat markers polymorphic between the recipients (bread wheat) and the wild donor (TDIC). The identities of all targeted chromosome arms in individual introgressions were confirmed. In addition, most lines also carried introgressed segments on nontargeted arms, most often the proximal parts of arms opposite to the targeted ones, which is consistent with the distribution of crossing over in wheat and are unavoidable when alien chromatin is introgressed by backcrosses to telocentrics. Using these ILs, some loci controlling important quantitative traits were located on specific TDIC chromosomes, such as loci with positive effects on thousand kernel weight (TKW) on chromosome arms 6AS, 4BS, 1BS, and 7A. These results indicate that these ILs might be a useful germplasm in allocating genes to chromosome arms and in wheat breeding.