bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a knowledge utilization framework to explore how findings from one study can be applied to other nursing contexts
Authors: Olsen P.R. , Bradbury‐Jones C. 
Published: April 2013

AimTo discuss the complexities of moving research into practice and through a case example, explore how empirical findings from one specific study could be applied to nursing in other contexts.BackgroundThe processes of moving research findings into practice are complex and multidimensional. In this paper, an innovative approach to social support, network‐focused nursing (NFN), is used as a case example to illustrate these complexities. Social support is associated with better recovery and survival after illness and based on this, a NFN programme was developed in a Danish oncology youth unit. Subsequently, a research study was undertaken to investigate the programme and based on the findings, the concept NFN was developed.MethodsA knowledge utilization framework is used to explore how empirical findings from the NFN study could be applied to nursing more generally. Aligned with this, the specific considerations for implementing NFN are explicated.DiscussionStrong leadership, education, management support and effective communication are critical factors for research utilization. Moving research into practice requires openness to new ideas. Nursing and healthcare policies therefore need to support environments in which creativity and innovation can flourish. NFN was developed in teenager and young adult cancer care, but its principles may be transferable to other clinical environments.ConclusionsIt is important that nurse managers and policy makers ensure that support and education are available to nurses to facilitate moving research into practice. Moreover, resources need to be considered, particularly in countries where financial and organizational infrastructures may be weak.
Role of human Toll‐like receptors in naturally occurring influenza A infections
Authors: Lee Nelson , Wong Chun Kwok , Hui David S. C. , Lee Sharon K. W. , Wong Rity Y. K. , Ngai Karry L. K. , Chan Martin C. W. , Chu Yi Jun , Ho Amy W. Y. , Lui Grace C. Y. , Wong Bonnie C. K. , Wong Sunny H. , Yip Shea Ping , Chan Paul K. S. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundWe investigated the roles of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) in naturally occurring influenza.MethodsA prospective, case – control study was conducted. Adults hospitalized with virologically confirmed influenza A infections (onset <48 hours, before treatment) were compared with age‐/gender‐matched controls. TLRs (2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9) expression in monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs – total, myeloid, plasmacytoid) was quantitated using flow cytometry. Gene expression of RLRs (RIG‐1, MDA‐5) was evaluated using real‐time PCR. Concomitant signaling molecules expression, plasma cytokine/chemokine concentrations, and respiratory tract viral loads were measured. PBMCs were cultured and stimulated ex vivo with TLR‐specific ligands for cytokine responses.ResultsForty two patients with influenza (24 A/H3N2, 18 A/H1N1pdm09) and 20 controls were studied. Patients' mean age was 68 ± 16 years; 81% had respiratory/cardiovascular complications. There were increased cellular expressions of TLR9, TLR8, TLR3, and TLR7 during influenza; TLR2 and TLR4 were suppressed. Results were similar for both virus strains. Higher TLR expression levels at presentation significantly correlated with lower viral loads (Spearman's rho: −0·46 to −0·69 for TLR9, TLR8, and TLR3; P‐values <0·05). Multivariate regression models (adjusted for age, comorbidity, disease severity, time from onset) confirmed their independent associations. Increased signaling molecules (phospho‐MAPKs, IκB) and inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, sTNFR‐1, CCL2/MCP‐1; CXCL10/IP‐10, IFN‐γ) correlated with increased TLR expression. RLRs were upregulated simultaneously. PBMCs of patients with influenza showed significant, dynamic changes in their cytokine responses upon TLR stimulation, compared with controls.ConclusionsOur results suggest that TLRs play an important role in early, innate viral inhibition in naturally occurring influenza. Inflammatory cytokine responses are concomitantly induced. These findings support investigation of TLR targeting as a novel intervention approach for prophylaxis against influenza.
The emerging role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in urological cancers
Authors: Sharma Naomi L. , Groselj Blaz , Hamdy Freddie C. , Kiltie Anne E. 
Published: April 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
A growing body of evidence supports the anti‐cancer effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) in vitro, via multiple pathways, and many Phase I clinical trials have shown them to be well‐tolerated in a range of malignancies. Combined therapies, including with radiation, present an exciting area of current and planned study.
This review summarises the evidence to date, including pre‐clinical data and clinical trials, of the anti‐cancer effect of HDACi in urological cancers. It provides an overview of epigenetics and the mechanisms of action of HDACi. It suggests areas of future development, including the current challenges for the successful introduction of HDACi into clinical therapy.

Epigenetic modifications are known to play a critical role in the development and progression of many cancers.
The opposing actions of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) modify chromatin and lead to epigenetic gene regulation, in addition to wider effects on non‐histone proteins.
There is growing interest in the clinical application of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) in cancer. HDACi have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo and recent clinical trials have shown encouraging results in various urological cancers.
In this review, we discuss the existing evidence and potential role for HDACi in urological malignancies, including in combined therapies.
The consensus model for regulation of APRNs: Implications for nurse practitioners
Authors: Rounds Linda R. , Zych Jolene J. , Mallary Laura L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurposeTo examine the Consensus Model for APRN Regulation as a proposed solution to simplify and unify regulation of advanced nursing practice with respect to licensure, certification, accreditation, and educational standards.Data sourcesPolicy statements and reports issued by national organizations of nursing professionals and discussion within the scholarly literature provided an overview of regulatory differences among the 50 U.S. states, their impacts on advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) practice, and discussion of the Consensus Model as a potential solution.ConclusionsMajor organizations of nursing professionals have endorsed the Consensus Model, indicating the importance of this significant step toward standards and consistent quality in APRN education and practice. Diverse regulatory criteria, such as variable accreditation standards, disparate certification and licensing requirements, inconsistent population foci, and scopes of practice, represent barriers to optimized APRN function within today's complex healthcare system and, ultimately, reduced access to safe, quality care for patients.Implications for practiceThe Consensus Model for APRN Regulation promises to unify APRN education, practice, and licensure, promoting greater mobility among nursing professionals. Elimination of inconsistencies in APRN licensure, education, certification, and accreditation requirements will promote greater value and mobility for the APRN within the healthcare system.
Trends in intakes and sources of solid fats and added sugars among U.S. children and adolescents: 1994–2010
Authors: Slining M. M. , Popkin B. M. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Despite recent declines in added sugars (from 1999–2000 to 2007–2008), consumption of added sugars and solid fats among United States children and adolescent from 1999–2000 to 2007–2008 exceeds recommended levels.
What this study adds
These results suggest that the decreases in solid fat and added sugars intakes among United States children and adolescents observed from 1999–2000 through 2007–2008 have levelled‐off.
Decreases in solid fat and added sugars intakes have primarily been due to reductions in added sugar intakes.
Although the consumption of solid fats and added sugars among children and adolescents in the United States decreased between 1994–1998 and 2009–2010, mean intakes continue to exceed recommended limits by 18–28% of total energy intake.
BackgroundThere are increasing global concerns about improving the dietary intakes of children and adolescents. In the United States (U.S.), the focus is on reducing energy from foods and beverages that provide empty calories from solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS).ObjectiveWe examine trends in intakes and sources of solid fat and added sugars among U.S. 2–18 year olds from 1994 to 2010.MethodsData from five nationally representative surveys, the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals Surveys (1994–1996) and the What We Eat In America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2003–2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008 and 2009–2010) were used to examine key food sources and energy from solid fats and added sugars. Sample sizes ranged from 2594 to 8259 per survey period, for a total of 17 268 observations across the five surveys. Food files were linked over time to create comparable food groups and nutrient values. Differences were examined by age, race/ethnicity and family income.ResultsDaily intake of energy from SoFAS among U.S. 2–18 year olds decreased from 1994 to 2010, with declines primarily detected in the recent time periods. Solid fats accounted for a greater proportion of total energy intake than did added sugars.ConclusionsAlthough the consumption of solid fats and added sugars among children and adolescents in the U.S. decreased between 1994–1998 and 2009–2010, mean intakes continue to exceed recommended limits.
Ethnic variations in overweight and obesity among children over time: findings from analyses of the Health Surveys for England 1998–2009
Authors: Karlsen S. , Morris S. , Kinra S. , Vallejo‐Torres L. , Viner R. M. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
The increase in the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in England has stabilized following a peak in 2004 and 2005.
This stabilization conceals continued rises among more deprived and certain ethnic minority groups.
It is unclear which ethnic groups in the UK experience the highest rates of overweight/obesity, how this has changed over time and how these patterns relate to socioeconomic differences between the groups.
What this study adds
Trends over time suggested that overweight/obesity rates for ethnic minority groups had not peaked, unlike those for white English groups.
Black African children had higher rates of overweight and obesity, and black Caribbean children had higher rates of obesity.
Differences were not explained by variations in equivalized household income.
BackgroundThe increase in the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in England since the mid‐1990s has been dramatic. Cross‐sectional evidence suggests ethnic variations in childhood obesity prevalence.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to examine whether and how ethnic variations in childhood overweight/obesity have changed over time, and are affected by socioeconomic factors.MethodThis study uses logistic regression to analyse ethnic differences in the relative likelihood of being at or above the age‐ and gender‐specific thresholds for overweight and obesity developed by the International Obesity Task Force among children aged between 2 and 15 from 11 ethnic groups included in the Health Surveys for England between 1998 and 2009, adjusting for age, gender, year of data collection and equivalized household income. We separately analyse the likelihood of being at or above the thresholds for overweight (but below those for obesity) and obesity.ResultsTrends in overweight/obesity over time among ethnic minority groups do not follow those of white English children. Black African children had higher rates of overweight and obesity, which appear to have peaked, and black Caribbean children had higher rates of obesity than other groups examined, which appear to continue rising. These differences were not explained by socioeconomic variations between groups.ConclusionPolicies are required that encourage healthy lifestyles among ethnic minority young people, while engaging with the complexities associated with these choices during childhood and adolescence.
Hydrochar and Biochar Effects on Germination of Spring Barley
Authors: Bargmann I. , Rillig M. C. , Buss W. , Kruse A. , Kuecke M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWithin the framework of climate change mitigation by sequestrating recalcitrant carbon in soil, biochar is considered as a promising soil amendment. Testing any such soil additives is vitally important, as they should not cause abiotic stress for plants due to chemical constituents they may contain. Thus, germination tests with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) were conducted to assess phytotoxic effects of biochar, hydrochar and process‐water from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as soil amendments. Additionally, single‐component tests with substances found in process‐waters were carried out with cress (Lepidium sativum). While biochars generally had no effect on germination, hydrochars and process‐waters significantly inhibited germination. The dissolved organic carbon content predicted the germination‐inhibiting effects observed. Three compounds resulted in partial (guaiacol) or total (levulinic acid and glycolic acid) inhibition of cress seed germination, and three others (acetic acid, glycolaldehyde dimer and catechol) had a negative impact on growth. Phytotoxic substances in chars appeared to be mostly water soluble and volatile. Pre‐treatments of hydrochars and process‐waters (i.e. storage and washing) were able to reduce germination inhibition. While phytotoxic substances that are generated during HTC stay in the products, biochars from kiln carbonization of the same feedstocks had no negative effects on germination, likely because volatiles evaporate during the conversion. Our study highlights the importance of comprehensively testing carbonized products for their compatibility with agricultural and horticultural systems.
Microscopic Origins of Compositional Trends in Aluminosilicate Glass Properties
Authors: Smedskjaer Morten M. , Mauro John C. , Kjeldsen Jonas , Yue Yuanzheng 
Published: April 2013

Revealing and understanding the microscopic origins of the macroscopic properties of aluminosilicate glasses is important for the design of new glasses with optimized properties. In this work, we study the composition‐structure‐property relationships in 20 MgO/CaO sodium aluminosilicate glasses upon Al2O3‐for‐SiO2 and MgO‐for‐CaO substitutions. We find that some properties (density, molar volume, Young's modulus, and shear modulus) are linear through the investigated range of Al2O3 compositions, while others (refractive index, coefficient of thermal expansion, Vickers hardness, isokom temperatures, and liquid fragility index) exhibit a change in the slope around the composition with [Al2O3] = [Na2O], which is especially pronounced for the glasses containing MgO. We discuss these phenomena based on structural information obtained by NMR spectroscopy and topological considerations.
Structural Investigation of the Surface of Bioglass 45S5 Enriched with Calcium Ions
Authors: Lopes João H. , Mazali Italo Odone , Landers Richard , Bertran Celso A. 
Published: April 2013

In this article the changes on the surface of the 45S5 bioglass submitted to an enrichment with calcium ions were investigated. The method employed was the immersion of bioglass in calcium molten salt bath at 450°C. Changes in composition were probed by different techniques of chemical analysis. The use of SEM‐EDS allowed estimating the thickness modified, as being about 10 μm. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy enabled to infer over the structural changes on the surface of 45S5 bioactive glass. The entry of calcium in the vitreous network promoted the phase separation of microdomains rich in silica and phosphate on the surface of the glass. The formation of immiscibility region was attributed a depolymerization of silica network and also, to a possible migration of phosphate species from the bulk. The results of this study indicate a great change in the surface properties of this biomaterial. In addition, the method proposed in this study proved to be very promising in the possibility of designing the surface of bioactive glasses, to modulate the desired properties, keeping the bulk unchanged.
Procedural justice, supervisor autonomy support, work satisfaction, organizational identification and job performance: the mediating role of need satisfaction and perceived organizational support
Authors: Gillet Nicolas , Colombat Philippe , Michinov Estelle , Pronost Anne‐Marie , Fouquereau Evelyne 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo test a model linking procedural justice, supervisor autonomy support, need satisfaction, organizational support, work satisfaction, organizational identification and job performance.BackgroundResearch in industrial and organizational psychology has shown that procedural justice and supervisor autonomy support lead to positive outcomes. However, very little research related to this subject has been conducted in healthcare settings. Moreover, few studies have examined mechanisms that could account for these positive relationships.DesignA cross‐sectional correlational design was used.MethodConvenience sampling was used and a sample of 500 nurses working in haematology, oncology and haematology/oncology units in France was surveyed in 2011. The final sample consisted of 323 nurses (64·6% response rate). The hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modelling.ResultsProcedural justice and supervisor autonomy support significantly and positively influenced need satisfaction and perceived organizational support, which in turn positively predicted work satisfaction, organizational identification and job performance.ConclusionOrganizations could deliver training programmes for their managers aimed at enhancing the use of fair procedures in allocating outcomes and developing their autonomy‐supportive behaviours to improve nurses' work satisfaction, organizational identification and job performance.
Meaning of upper limit of normal range of post‐load 1‐h plasma glucose level defined by oral glucose tolerance test in Japanese subjects
Authors: Iwao Tadashi , Sakai Kenji , Ando Eiji 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo identify upper limit post‐load 1‐h plasma glucose (1‐h PG) after 75‐g oral glucose test in a Japanese population.Materials and MethodsA total of 918 subjects were enrolled. We divided the subjects into two groups: normal 2‐h post‐load plasma glucose (2‐h PG; <140 mg/dL) and impaired 2‐h PG group (≥140 mg/dL).ResultsA total of 417 subjects had normal 2‐h PG and 501 had impaired 2‐h PG. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the optimal cut‐off value of 1‐h PG was 179 mg/dL (area under ROC curve = 0.89), providing that the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value were 85, 79, 82 and 83%, respectively. The subjects with 1‐h PG < 179 mg/dL consisted of 0.5% diabetes and 99.5% non‐diabetes, whereas those with 1‐h PG ≥ 179 mg/dL consisted of 26.9% diabetes and 73.1% non‐diabetes (P < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between 1‐h PG and 2‐h PG (r2 = 0.57, P < 0.01).ConclusionsThese data suggested that 179 mg/dL is the upper limit of the normal range of post‐load of 1‐h PG in a Japanese population. Thus, the subjects with 1‐h PG ≥ 179 mg/dL might be at risk of developing future diabetes. Therefore, appropriate prospective study should be carried out to test this hypothesis.
Effects of Cyclic Fatigue Stress‐Biocorrosion on Noncarious Cervical Lesions
Authors: Grippo John O. , Chaiyabutr Yada , Kois John C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractProblemAlthough there is a high prevalence of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs), the etiology of these lesions remains contentious.PurposeTo evaluate the combined effects of cyclic fatigue stress and biocorrosion activity on NCCLs.Materials and MethodsExtracted premolar teeth were allocated into four groups (N = 10). Two groups were cyclically fatigue loaded (100 N; 72 cycles per minute; 9,200 cycles) and placed in either hydrochloric acid gel (pH = 0.1) or orange juice (pH = 4). The other two groups were stored in identical chemical solutions without fatigue load. The buccal–lingual width of each tooth was measured before and after testing. The depth of biocorrosion, normalized by the percentage change in buccolingual width, normalized by time (hour) was calculated. The data were analyzed using a two‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD multiple comparison test (α = 0.05).ResultsMean (SD) of the depth of biocorrosion values were as follows: teeth receiving fatigue loading with hydrochloric acid gel exposure (1.003%/hour [0.063]) revealed a significantly higher depth of biocorrosion than the fatigue‐loaded group with orange juice exposure (0.511%/hour [0.281]) (p < 0.01). For the groups without fatigue loading, those with hydrochloric acid gel (0.022%/hour [0.006]) had a significantly higher depth of biocorrosion than the group with orange juice (0.009%/hour [0.004]) (p < 0.01). The cyclically fatigue‐loaded teeth with hydrochloric acid gel had a significantly greater depth of biocorrosion than either group without fatigue loading (p < 0.001).ConclusionsCyclic fatigue stress—acidic biocorrosion had a significant effect on the depth of the NCCLs.Clinical SignificanceIn order to manage the destructive NCCLs lesions properly, it is essential to understand the etiology of these lesions. The present study indicated that the combined mechanisms of cyclic fatigue stress and biocorrosion could contribute to the formation of NCCLs.
Comparison of Mesiodistal Crown Dimension and Arch Width in Subjects with and without Hypodontia
Authors: Fekonja Anita 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTooth agenesis is one of the most common anomalies in the development of the human dentition and may have wider associations in the development of the dentition including tooth size. This study aimed to compare mesiodistal crown dimension and arch widths between subjects with hypodontia and subjects without hypodontia (control group).Materials and MethodsDental casts were measured of 55 hypodontia patients and 55 patients with total permanent dentition (control group). Tooth agenesis was evaluated for hypodontia, excluding the third molars, from the panoramic radiograph. Mesiodistal crown dimensions were recorded by measuring all erupted teeth on study models with a digital Mitutoyo caliper (Mitutoyo UK Ltd, United Kingdom).ResultsPatients with hypodontia had smaller mesiodistal tooth dimensions than the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for all teeth in both genders. Upper lateral incisors, lower central incisors, and lower second molars showed the highest difference in tooth dimension. Also, the intercanine and intermolar arch widths in the hypodontia group were statistically significantly reduced (p < 0.05) compared with the control group.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the mesiodistal crown dimensions and arch widths are reduced in hypodontia patients. This should be taken into account when planning orthodontic treatment.Clinical SignificanceCongenital absence of permanent teeth has direct clinical implications. Early detection of the number of missing teeth and evaluation of the tooth size and arch width is of immense value in the planning and managing treatment with a multidisciplinary team approach to achieve an aesthetic and functional dentition and reduce the complications of hypodontia.