bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heresy and Humanism
Authors: Cole Andrew 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A controversial idea associated with religious culture in the late Middle Ages is that anyone who considers himself a part of mainstream religion must know his difference from heretics. A religious writer in this period who does not hew closely to orthodox teachings may be accused of being a heretic in his lyrical or prosaic musings about Church hierarchies, the Scripture, or the sacraments. This notion has become a subject of considerable debate among some specialists in Middle English literature. This article considers other paradigms that may broaden our notions about religious literature in fifteenth-century England. In particular, it proposes a paradigm that includes bishops rather than heretics, in part because bishops are mainly responsible for innovations that are neglected in a focus on Wycliffism. It also explores the critically neglected innovations within what it calls ecclesiastical humanism, some of its features, and how it emerged during the fifteenth century. It argues that the prevailing cultural obsession with the Wycliffite heresy had largely disappeared between the 1430s and the 1480s and was replaced, in part, by attempts to promote ecclesiastical institutions as centers of patronage and humanist literary culture.
Authorial Work
Authors: Robertson Kellie 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Michel Foucault declared that authors became subject to punishment and discourse became transgressive. In the late fourteenth century, both “discourse” and the very act of writing itself were perceived as transgressive, a notion that resulted in a new kind of authorial self-representation in England. By the late fourteenth century, writing had assumed an ambiguous role: while it was the means by which social norms regarding labor were communicated and enforced, it could also be the object of such enforcement. This article explores how late medieval literature came to have authors by looking at literary production in the context of contemporary discourses about daily work. It considers how post-plague labor laws forced authors to situate their work not just between the venerable poles of imitatio and inventio but also between the social polarities of idleness and industry, and how post-plague writers meditated on the value of literary work in the marketplace of work more generally. Using Geoffrey Chaucer’s Prologue to the Canterbury Tales as a lens, it discusses the strategies employed by late medieval writers in positioning their work in a literary landscape characterized by explicit understandings of the material value of labor.
The Poetics of Practicality
Authors: Cooper Lisa H. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article explores “insistently practical” medieval texts—works “whose explicit goal is to assist their readers to make something in the world beyond the page (a book, a culinary dish, an ointment, an object)” and asks if they can be said to have a poetics. Drawing on Michel de Certeau and Pierre Bourdieu’s theories of practice as well as Gérard Genette’s concepts of literariness, the article examines medieval vocabularies, medical texts, recipes, carving manuals, and several works by Geoffrey Chaucer and John Lydgate to consider the relationship of the poetic and the practical and the broad “appeal of the how-to text” in late medieval English literature and culture.
Victorian Theatre
Authors: Newey Katherine 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The theatre was a significant institution of public life in the nineteenth century, and an important source of aesthetic innovation and entrepreneurial energy in Victorian culture. The theatre offers an important perspective on Victorian affect and attitudes to the real. However, drama, theatre, and performance have been overlooked in subsequent histories of Victorian public life and culture, in part because of the theatre’s uncomfortable position between high art and popular culture. Despite its popularity, Victorian attitudes towards the theatre and drama were ambivalent, oscillating between huge enjoyment of spectacle, farce, melodrama, and pantomime, and concern over the moral standards and commercial status of the theatre. For scholars of the Victorian period, the Victorian theatre has a rich archive not limited to the dramatic text, and indicative of the interconnections between performance, dramatic literature, and visual culture.
Victorian Theatre
Authors: Powell Kerry 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The theatre provided Victorian women with a rare opportunity to experience as actresses the exhilaration of independence and power, but at the same time conspired in reproducing repressive codes of gender in both the theatre and society. Men, at once attracted and made anxious by powerful actresses, reassured themselves with a defensive rhetoric that constructed the actress as an exceptional case having little or nothing in common with ‘real’ women like their own wives and daughters. The executive functions of theatre manager and playwright were culturally gendered as requiring ‘masculine’ qualities of mind: no plays by women of the time have broken into the canon of English drama. Nevertheless the considerable achievements of Victorian women like Elizabeth Robins deserve our attention—women who not only wrote and produced plays, but sought to revolutionize the theatre by tempering its commercialism and motives of self-interest while enhancing and broadening opportunities for women.
Responsive Regulation
Authors: Rorie Melissa 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article reviews the literature inspired by Ayres and Braithwaite’s (1992b) Responsive Regulation. It discusses the theoretical underpinnings of the responsive regulation approach, as well as its theoretical and policy contributions. After outlining the aspects of responsive regulation that have been studied extensively, special attention is paid to those aspects of the original theory that remain neglected. In addition to theoretical inattention, it is clear that agencies in the United States have failed to formally adopt this regulatory strategy—reasons for this are discussed. The article also reviews strengths and weakness of the original formulation, noting attempts to revise and improve it in recent years. To conclude, it evaluates the current state of Responsive Regulation and offers suggestions for future research.
High-resolution spectroscopic studies of ultra metal-poor stars found in the LAMOST survey
Authors: Li Haining , Aoki Wako , Zhao Gang , Honda Satoshi , Christlieb Norbert , Suda Takuma 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We report on the observations of two ultra metal-poor (UMP) stars with [Fe/H] ∼ −4.0, including one new discovery. The two stars are studied in the on-going and quite efficient project to search for extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars with LAMOST and Subaru. Detailed abundances or upper limits of abundances have been derived for 15 elements from Li to Eu based on high-resolution spectra obtained with the High Dispersion Spectrograph (HDS) mounted in the Subaru Telescope. The abundance patterns of both UMP stars are consistent with the “normal population” among the low-metallicity stars. Both of the two program stars show carbon-enhancement without any excess of heavy neutron-capture elements, indicating that they belong to the subclass of (carbon-enhanced metal-poor) CEMP-no stars, as is the case of most UMP stars previously studied. The [Sr/Ba] ratios of both CEMP-no UMP stars are above [Sr/Ba] ∼ −0.4, suggesting the origin of the carbon-excess is not compatible with the mass transfer from an asymptotic giant branch companion where the s-process has operated. Lithium abundance is measured in the newly discovered UMP star LAMOST J125346.09+075343.1, making it the second UMP turnoff star with Li detection. The Li abundance of LAMOST J125346.09+075343.1 is slightly lower than the values obtained for less metal-poor stars with similar temperatures, and provides a unique data point at [Fe/H] ∼ −4.2 to support the “meltdown” of the Li Spite plateau at extremely low metallicity. Comparison with the other two UMP and HMP (hyper metal-poor, with [Fe/H] &lt; −5.0) turnoff stars suggests that the difference in lighter elements such as CNO and Na might cause notable difference in lithium abundances among CEMP-no stars.
A Max-margin Model for Predicting Residue–base Contacts in Protein–RNA Interactions
Authors: Kashiwagi Shunya , Sato Kengo , Sakakibara Yasubumi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractProtein–RNA interactions (PRIs) are essential for many biological processes, so understanding aspects of the sequences and structures involved in PRIs is important for unraveling such processes. Because of the expensive and time-consuming techniques required for experimental determination of complex protein–RNA structures, various computational methods have been developed to predict PRIs. However, most of these methods focus on predicting only RNA-binding regions in proteins or only protein-binding motifs in RNA. Methods for predicting entire residue–base contacts in PRIs have not yet achieved sufficient accuracy. Furthermore, some of these methods require the identification of 3D structures or homologous sequences, which are not available for all protein and RNA sequences. Here, we propose a prediction method for predicting residue–base contacts between proteins and RNAs using only sequence information and structural information predicted from sequences. The method can be applied to any protein–RNA pair, even when rich information such as its 3D structure, is not available. In this method, residue–base contact prediction is formalized as an integer programming problem. We predict a residue–base contact map that maximizes a scoring function based on sequence-based features such ask-mers of sequences and the predicted secondary structure. The scoring function is trained using a max-margin framework from known PRIs with 3D structures. To verify our method, we conducted several computational experiments. The results suggest that our method, which is based on only sequence information, is comparable with RNA-binding residue prediction methods based on known binding data.
Fundamental Structure and Modulation of Neuronal Excitability: Synaptic Control of Coding, Resonance, and Network Synchronization
Authors: Kirst Christoph , Ammer Julian , Felmy Felix , Herz Andreas , Stemmler Martin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNeuronal encoding and collective network activity depend on the precise mechanism for generating action potentials. A dynamic switch in this mechanism could greatly expand the functional repertoire of neurons and circuits. Here we show that changes in neuronal biophysics control a complex, yet fundamental, sequence of dynamic transitions in neuronal excitability in which neurons switch from integrators to resonators near the spike threshold, from simple voltage dynamics to the bistable co-existence of action potentials and quiescence, and from continuous class-I to discontinuous class-II firing rate encoding. Using multiple bifurcation theory, we prove that this transition sequence is universal in conductance-based neurons. Using dynamic-clamp and pharmacology, we show experimentally that an increase in leak conductance or application of the inhibitory agonist GABA can dynamically induce these transitions in hippocampal and brainstem neurons. Our results imply that synaptic activity can flexibly control resonance, excitability and bistability of neurons. In simulated neuronal networks, we show that such synaptically induced transitions provide a mechanism for the dynamic gating of input signals and the targeted synchronization of sub-networks with a tunable number of neurons.SignificanceNeuronal function depends on the mechanism by which neurons transform synaptic input into action potentials (APs). It is unclear how neurons might control the AP mechanism to systematically modulate their responses to input signals or their collective behavior. Here we identify a complex, but model-independent, universal sequence of transitions in the dynamics of AP generation. Using patch-clamp recordings, we show that synaptic receptor activation can flexibly change the AP dynamics, confirming our theoretical predictions: non-resonant neurons develop a sub-threshold resonance, become bistable, and develop an abrupt jump in onset AP frequency. Our results explain how synapses or neuro-modulators could control neuronal excitability, influence information processing, and processing during collective network dynamics.
Academia and document supply: unsustainable contradictions at INIST?
Authors: Berard Raymond , Fleuret Etienne , Gillet Jacqueline , Mougel Jean-Yves 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of the paper is to describe the current situation at the Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (INIST) the French document supply centre after their difficulties with open access articles during 2013.

Design/methodology/approach
– A narrative and analytical explanation by the director of INIST.

Findings
– That INIST will no longer service the commercial sector and will provide documents to researchers in CNRS for free and priced to French higher education establishments. The growth in open access will mean that INIST is ceasing to be an industrial scale operation and will be concerned primarily with “long tail” requests.

Originality/value
– Certainly, the only account in English of the difficulties that INIST has faced in the past three years and how they have been dealt with.
Social identity, collective self esteem and country reputation: the case of Pakistan
Authors: Yousaf Salman , Li Huaibin 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to show how the relative global status of a country influences its internal country reputation and resulting social cognitions of citizens.

Design/methodology/approach
– The theories of social identity and collective self-esteem were employed to explain how self-assessment and evaluations of a country’s reputation are regulated by social concepts and vice versa. The structural equation modeling technique was employed to estimate the conjectural relations.

Findings
– The groups which people belong to are their primary source of pride and self-esteem. But if a country is negatively stereotyped on the global stage, it weakens the ability of people to live their nation’s brand. A formidable nation’s brand can only be constructed if people are deeply involved and committed to it.

Practical implications
– The results of this study have implications for policymakers, nation’s branding experts and researchers to focus on internal branding of nations. The academicians and researchers should focus more on the internal audiences in their role as a “communication medium” to external audiences. A more purposeful internal branding will promote community strengthening and enable people to act as a mouth piece in communicating a desired experience to external audiences.

Originality/value
– The existing nations branding literature does not show how relative global status of a country influences self-assessment and evaluations of people’s associations with that country. The present study aims to fill this gap by drawing on the theories of social identity, self-categorization and collective self-esteem to show how people’s self-perception in negatively perceived countries is regulated in relation to their country’s relative global status and its influence on resulting social cognitions.
Reconstruction of large wounds using a combination of negative pressure wound therapy and punch grafting after excision of acral lentiginous melanoma on the foot
Authors: Seo Jimyung , Kim Jihee , Nam Kyoung Ae , Zheng Zhenlong , Oh Byung Ho , Chung Kee Yang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMelanoma in darker‐pigmented individuals often develops in an acral lentiginous fashion on the foot. After surgical removal of a tumor at this site, repair of the wound can be challenging. This is because there is an insufficient local skin pool and lack of mobility of the skin in this area. Moreover, functional aspects such as walking and weight bearing should be considered. We performed a combination treatment of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and punch grafting on 15 patients, after wide excision of acral lentiginous melanomas on the foot, and compared these to 26 patients who underwent either secondary intention healing (SIH, n = 13) or NPWT (n = 13) alone. The punch grafting with NPWT group showed significantly shorter healing times than those of the other two groups. Evaluation of completely healed wounds using the Vancouver Burn Scar Assessment Scale revealed that the punch grafting group had mean values better, or comparable, to the SIH or NPWT group in four of the five scales (except pigmentation). As for complications, only one patient developed a wound infection after punch grafting. Further, by utilizing NPWT for fixation of punch grafts, it was possible to treat all subjects as outpatients after punch grafting. These results show that a combination treatment of NPWT and punch grafting is an excellent therapeutic option for post‐wide excision wounds on the feet, with significantly shortened healing times and favorable cosmetic outcomes.
A regularized Wiener–Hopf filter for inverting models with magnetic susceptibility
Authors: Ganguli Shib Sankar , Nayak Goutam Kumar , Vedanti Nimisha , Dimri V.P. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTFor a magnetic target, the spatial magnetic signal can be expressed as a convolutional integral over Green's function of an assumed model with susceptibility as its parameter. A filter can be used to obtain the susceptibility by minimizing the mismatch between observed and the computed magnetic anomalies. In this perspective, we report the development of an advanced digital filter, which is efficient and can be used to map rock susceptibility from the acquired magnetic data. To design the new filter, we modified the space‐domain standard Wiener–Hopf filter by imposing two different constraints: (i) the filter energy constraint; and (ii) normalization of the filter coefficients. These constraints make it capable to characterize source bodies from their produced magnetic anomalies. We assume that the magnetic data are produced by induced magnetization only and interpretation can be as good as the subsurface model.Our technique is less sensitive to the data noise, which makes it efficient in enhancing the interpretation model. The modified filter demonstrates its applicability over the synthetic data with additive white Gaussian noise. In order to check the efficacy and adaptivity of this tool in a more realistic perspective, it is also tested on the real magnetic data acquired over a kimberlitic district adjoining to the western margin of the Cuddapah Basin in India to identify the source bodies from the anomalies. Our result shows that the modified Wiener–Hopf filter with the constraint for the magnetic data is more stable and efficient than the standard Wiener–Hopf filter.
Algae alleviate carbon limitation of heterotrophic bacteria in a boreal peatland
Authors: Wyatt Kevin H. , Turetsky Merritt R. 
Published: July 2015

Summary

In most high‐latitude wetlands, carbon accumulation as peat represents a balance between plant net primary productivity and heterotrophic decomposition. We hypothesized that this assessment of ecosystem metabolism is incomplete as it does not include information on energy inputs from microalgae, which form complex biofilms with heterotrophic micro‐organisms on the peat surface.

To investigate the potential for algae (and associated exudates) to support heterotrophic metabolism under ambient and elevated nutrient levels, we conducted a factorial enrichment of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and carbon (glucose) in mesocosms with and without the presence of algae (using light‐transparent and dark treatments, respectively) in an Alaskan fen. We measured respiration rates and changes in bacterial biomass to characterize the response of heterotrophic bacteria to our experimental treatments.

During incubation assays, algae released up to 38% of their net productivity as exudates and there was a positive relationship between algal production and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon inside mesocosms.

Elevated algal productivity in the presence of nutrient enrichment stimulated heterotrophic bacterial respiration and biomass. These responses did not occur with nutrient enrichment in the dark (without algae). The response of bacteria to algae was similar in magnitude to bacterial responses to glucose enrichment.

Synthesis. We conclude that bacteria in this boreal fen were primarily limited by labile carbon, and this constraint was alleviated in the presence of elevated algal production. Consequently, algae may facilitate hotspots of microbial activity in northern peatlands, especially in conditions of greater nutrient availability associated with more variable hydrology expected for this region with ongoing climate change.
Antifibrotic effect of AT‐1 blocker and statin in rats with hepatic fibrosis
Authors: El‐Ashmawy Nahla E , El‐Bahrawy Hoda A , Shamloula Maha M , Ibrahim Amera O 
Published: July 2015

SummaryHepatic fibrosis is an outcome of chronic liver injury. Angiotensin II (ANG II) may play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Certain drugs such as ACE inhibitors, ANG II antagonists, and even statins could interfere with the renin angiotensin system and modulate its deleterious effects. This study was carried out to investigate the possible role of losartan and atorvastatin in liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by i.p. injection of 50% CCl4 twice per week for 8 weeks. The rats intoxicated with CCl4 were divided into four groups: fibrosis control; losartan group; atorvastatin group; and co‐treated group. A fifth group of normal healthy rats served as a control group. The results showed that losartan and atorvastatin, either alone or in combination, significantly decreased ALT, AST, hyaluronic acid and hydroxyproline levels in their groups compared to those of the fibrosis control group. A significant decrease in TGF‐β was found in the losartan and co‐treated groups but not in the atorvastatin group. These biochemical data were supported by liver histopathology and α‐SMA. The results indicate that the combined treatment with both losartan and atorvastatin produced a greater effect than either drug alone and proved a beneficial role in inhibiting or reversing liver fibrosis.