bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
$$\mathscr{P}\mathscr{T}$$-symmetric KdV solutions and their algebraic extension with zero-width resonances
Authors: Abhinav Kumar , Shukla Aradhya , Panigrahi Prasanta K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA class of complex breather and soliton solutions to both KdV and mKdV equations are identified with a Pöschl-Teller type $$\mathscr{P}\mathscr{T}$$

P
T

-symmetric potential. However, these solutions represent only the unbroken-$$\mathscr{P}\mathscr{T}$$

P
T

phase owing to their isospectrality to an infinite potential well in the complex plane having real spectra. To obtain the broken-$$\mathscr{P}\mathscr{T}$$

P
T

phase, an extension of the potential satisfying the $$sl\left( 2,\mathbb {R}\right)$$

s
l

2
,
R

potential algebra is mandatory that additionally supports non-trivial zero-width resonances.
Quantification of cardiac capillarization in basement-membrane-immunostained myocardial slices using Segment Anything Model
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Chen Xiwen , Richardson William , Gao Bruce Z. , Razi Abolfazl , Ye Tong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDecreased myocardial capillary density has been reported as an important histopathological feature associated with various heart disorders. Quantitative assessment of cardiac capillarization typically involves double immunostaining of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and capillaries in myocardial slices. In contrast, single immunostaining of basement membrane protein is a straightforward approach to simultaneously label CMs and capillaries, presenting fewer challenges in background staining. However, subsequent image analysis always requires expertise and laborious manual work to identify and segment CMs/capillaries. Here, we developed an image analysis tool, AutoQC, for automatic identification and segmentation of CMs and capillaries in immunofluorescence images of basement membrane. Commonly used capillarization-related measurements can be derived from segmentation results. By leveraging the power of a pre-trained segmentation model (Segment Anything Model, SAM) via prompt engineering, the training of AutoQC required only a small dataset with bounding box annotations instead of pixel-wise annotations. AutoQC outperformed SAM (without prompt engineering) and YOLOv8-Seg, a state-of-the-art instance segmentation model, in both instance segmentation and capillarization assessment. Thus, AutoQC, featuring a weakly supervised algorithm, enables automatic segmentation and high-throughput, high-accuracy capillarization assessment in basement-membrane-immunostained myocardial slices. This approach reduces the training workload and eliminates the need for manual image analysis once AutoQC is trained.
Electromagnetic informed data model considerations for near-field DOA and range estimates
Authors: Ebadi Zohreh , Molaei Amir Masoud , Abbasi Muhammad Ali Babar , Cotton Simon , Tukmanov Anvar , Yurduseven Okan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLocalizing sources in the near-field is one of the emerging challenges for array signal processing, which has received a great deal of attention in recent years. The development of accurate localization algorithms requires the definition of a reliable model of the received signal that takes into account all wavefront characteristics, such as angle, range, and polarization, as well as electromagnetic effects, such as mutual coupling between antennas and the amplitude and phase behaviour of electromagnetic wavefronts. A system model that considers the electromagnetic-informed wave behaviour effects, independent of the type of receiver antennas, array structure, degree of correlation of sources signals and other electromagnetic effects, is considered an “ exact model ” in the literature. However, due to the mathematical complexity of this modeling approach, simplifications using several approximations are conventionally used. For instance, the phase of the exact model is approximated using the Fresnel approximation, while the magnitude of the exact model is simplified by assuming equal distances between the source and all elements in the array. In this work, we evaluate the accuracy of a localization algorithm, the multiple signal classification (MUSIC), using the exact and approximated models in the near-field region. Through a series of simulations, we demonstrate that the localization algorithm designed based on the electromagnetic-informed exact model outperforms the one designed using the approximated model. We also show that considering electromagnetic factors in the system model through the exact model results in a 13% improvement in the direction of arrival (DOA) root mean square error (RMSE) and a 57.7% improvement in range RMSE at signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 15 dB.
Improved control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum using mixture combinations of entomopathogenic fungi and the chemical insecticide spiromesifen
Authors: Dearlove Eleanor L. , Chandler David , Edgington Steve , Berry Shaun D. , Martin Gareth , Svendsen Claus , Hesketh Helen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGreenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) is a major global pest, causing direct damage to plants and transmitting viral plant diseases. Management of T. vaporariorum is problematic because of widespread pesticide resistance, and many greenhouse growers rely on biological control agents to regulate T. vaporariorum populations. However, these are often slow and vary in efficacy, leading to subsequent application of chemical insecticides when pest populations exceed threshold levels. Combining chemical and biological pesticides has great potential but can result in different outcomes, from positive to negative interactions. In this study, we evaluated co-applications of the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana and Cordyceps farinosa and the chemical insecticide spiromesifen in laboratory bioassays. Complex interactions between the EPFs and insecticide were described using an ecotoxicological mixtures model, the MixTox analysis. Depending on the EPF and chemical concentrations applied, mixtures resulted in additivity, synergism, or antagonism in terms of total whitefly mortality. Combinations of B. bassiana and spiromesifen, compared to single treatments, increased the rate of kill by 5 days. Results indicate the potential for combined applications of EPF and spiromesifen as an effective integrated pest management strategy and demonstrate the applicability of the MixTox model to describe complex mixture interactions.
Discovery of urinary biosignatures for tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria classification using metabolomics and machine learning
Authors: Anh Nguyen Ky , Phat Nguyen Ky , Thu Nguyen Quang , Tien Nguyen Tran Nam , Eunsu Cho , Kim Ho-Sook , Nguyen Duc Ninh , Kim Dong Hyun , Long Nguyen Phuoc , Oh Jee Youn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection diagnosis remains a challenge due to its overlapping clinical symptoms with tuberculosis (TB), leading to inappropriate treatment. Herein, we employed noninvasive metabolic phenotyping coupled with comprehensive statistical modeling to discover potential biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of NTM infection versus TB. Urine samples from 19 NTM and 35 TB patients were collected, and untargeted metabolomics was performed using rapid liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The urine metabolome was analyzed using a combination of univariate and multivariate statistical approaches, incorporating machine learning. Univariate analysis revealed significant alterations in amino acids, especially tryptophan metabolism, in NTM infection compared to TB. Specifically, NTM infection was associated with upregulated levels of methionine but downregulated levels of glutarate, valine, 3-hydroxyanthranilate, and tryptophan. Five machine learning models were used to classify NTM and TB. Notably, the random forest model demonstrated excellent performance [area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve greater than 0.8] in distinguishing NTM from TB. Six potential biomarkers for NTM infection diagnosis, including methionine, valine, glutarate, 3-hydroxyanthranilate, corticosterone, and indole-3-carboxyaldehyde, were revealed from univariate ROC analysis and machine learning models. Altogether, our study suggested new noninvasive biomarkers and laid a foundation for applying machine learning to NTM differential diagnosis.
Deriving general structure–activity/selectivity relationship patterns for different subfamilies of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors using machine learning methods
Authors: Kaveh Sara , Mani-Varnosfaderani Ahmad , Neiband Marzieh Sadat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play essential roles in regulating the cell cycle and are among the most critical targets for cancer therapy and drug discovery. The primary objective of this research is to derive general structure–activity relationship (SAR) patterns for modeling the selectivity and activity levels of CDK inhibitors using machine learning methods. To accomplish this, 8592 small molecules with different binding affinities to CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK5, and CDK9 were collected from Binding DB, and a diverse set of descriptors was calculated for each molecule. The supervised Kohonen networks (SKN) and counter propagation artificial neural networks (CPANN) models were trained to predict the activity levels and therapeutic targets of the molecules. The validity of models was confirmed through tenfold cross-validation and external test sets. Using selected sets of molecular descriptors (e.g. hydrophilicity and total polar surface area) we derived activity and selectivity maps to elucidate local regions in chemical space for active and selective CDK inhibitors. The SKN models exhibited prediction accuracies ranging from 0.75 to 0.94 for the external test sets. The developed multivariate classifiers were used for ligand-based virtual screening of 2 million random molecules of the PubChem database, yielding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves ranging from 0.72 to 1.00 for the SKN model. Considering the persistent challenge of achieving CDK selectivity, this research significantly contributes to addressing the issue and underscores the paramount importance of developing drugs with minimized side effects.
Span of spleen is associated with disability status in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional abdominopelvic ultrasonography study
Authors: Etemadifar Masoud , Alaei Seyyed-Ali , Salari Mehri , Sedaghat Nahad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCharacteristics of livers and spleens of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) could constitute good biomarkers of MS-related characteristics such as the disability status. To test the hypothesis “the gross anatomical features of livers and spleens, are not similar between pwMS with different disease characteristics” a cross-sectional study was conducted on pwMS seen at the Isfahan MS clinic, Iran, from February until December 2023. Definitive, otherwise-healthy, pwMS were enrolled after an initial laboratory evaluation. Presence/absence and grading of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the span of spleen were determined by a radiologist using high-resolution abdominopelvic ultrasonography. 193 pwMS (160 women) were enrolled. Of whom, 143 (74.1%) were receiving first-line disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), 24 (12.4%) fingolimod, and 26 (13.5%) rituximab. The span of spleen was negatively associated with EDSS (adjusted β [SE] − 4.08 [1.52], p < 0.01), as well as 6 m-CDW (adjusted β [SE] − 6.94 [3.56], p = 0.05), unlike age, DMTs, and MS duration (all with p > 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed, spleen span performs significant but poor in discrimination of EDSS > 1 from EDSS = 1 (area under curve [AUC] 0.62, SE 0.05, p < 0.01), yet, significant and fair in discrimination of presence from absence of 6 m-CDW (AUC 0.72, SE 0.06, p < 0.01). Other findings were unremarkable. Further longitudinal, prospective studies are warranted to confirm whether smaller spleens are predictive of higher disability accrual rate in pwMS. Particularly, findings require further validation in untreated/treatment-naïve pwMS, and ones with higher EDSS scores.
Breast cancer screening patterns and associated factors in Iranian women over 40 years
Authors: Seyedkanani Elham , Hosseinzadeh Mina , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Sheikhnezhad Leila 
Published: July 2024

AbstractScreening is a key component of breast cancer early detection programs that can
considerably reduce relevant mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to determine
the breast cancer screening behavioral patterns and associated factors in women over
40 years of age. In this descriptive‑analytical cross‑sectional study, 372 over 40 years of age
women visiting health centers in Tabriz, Iran, in 2023 were enrolled using cluster sampling.
The data were collected using the sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, breast
cancer perception scale, health literacy for Iranian adults scale, and the Breast Cancer
Screening Behavior Checklist. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS version 16 using
descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential
statistics (univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses). In total, 68.3% of all
participants performed breast self‑examination (BSE) (9.9% regularly, once per month),
60.2% underwent clinical breast examination (CBE) (8.9% regularly, twice per year),
51.3% underwent mammography (12.3% regularly, once per year), and 36.2% underwent
sonography (3.8% regularly, twice per year). The findings also showed that women with
benign breast diseases were more likely to undergo CBE (OR = 8.49; 95% CI 2.55 to 28.21;
P < 0.001), mammography (OR = 8.84; 95% CI 2.98 to 10; P < 0.001), and sonography
(OR = 18.84; 95% CI 6.40 to 53.33; P < 0.001) than others. Participants with low and moderate
breast cancer perception scores were more likely to perform BSE than women with high
breast cancer perception scores (OR = 2.20; 95% CI 1.21 to 4.00; P = 0.009) and women who
had a history of benign breast disease were more likely to perform screening behaviors than
others (OR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.27 to 4.80; P = 0.008). Women between the ages of 50 and 59 were
more likely to undergo mammography (OR = 2.33; 95% CI 1.29 to 4.77; P = 0.008) and CBE
(OR = 2.40; 95% CI 1.347 to 4.20; P = 0.003) than those ≥ 60 years. Given the low participation
of women in regular breast cancer screening, it is suggested that health care providers
highlight the need for screening at the specified intervals in their training programs. In
addition, health authorities are recommended to use reminder systems to remind women,
especially those over 40 years of age, of the best time for breast screening. Moreover, health
care providers must seek to improve breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions
of women who visit health centers, which are the first level of contact with the healthcare
system for the general population.
Effect of chloride ions on persulfate/UV-C advanced oxidation of an alcohol ethoxylate (Brij 30)
Authors: Ecer Uzun Çisem , Kabdaşlı Işık 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of chloride ions on the oxidative degradation of an alcohol ethoxylate (Brij 30) by persulfate (PS)/UV-C was experimentally explored using Brij 30 aqueous solution (BAS) and a domestic wastewater treatment plant effluent spiked with Brij 30. Brij 30 degradation occurred rapidly during the early stages of oxidation without affecting the water/wastewater matrix. Mineralization of intermediates of Brij 30 degradation markedly influenced by presence of chloride ions. Chloride ions at concentrations up to 50 mg/L accelerated the mineralization through reactions involving reactive chlorine species, which reduced the sink of SO4·− by Cl− scavenging at both initial pH of 6.0 and 3.0 in the case of BAS. The fastest mineralization was achieved under acidic conditions. The WWTP effluent matrix significantly influenced mineralization efficacy of the intermediates. Co-existence of $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{-}$$

HCO

3

-

and Cl− anions accelerated the mineralization of degradation products. Organic matter originating from the WWTP effluent itself had an adverse effect on the mineralization rate. The positive effects of organic and inorganic components present in the WWTP effluent were ranked in the following order of increasing influence: (Organic matter originating from the effluent + Cl− +$${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{-}$$

HCO

3

-

) < (Cl−) < (Cl− +$${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{-}$$

HCO

3

-

).
Multiple receiver specific emitter identification
Authors: Sun Liting , Liu Zheng , Huang Zhitao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpecific emitter identification (SEI) is a technique for identifying emitters based on the principle that the hardware chain is not ideal, causing the emitted signal to contain emitter‐specific information. However, the receiver is also non‐ideal, which affects recognition accuracy and introduces receiver‐specific information that makes SEI difficult to generalise across receiving systems. In this work, a new multi‐receiver receiving and processing system (MR‐SEI) scheme is proposed to mitigate the influence of receivers based on the analysis of receiver distortion models. After receiving and processing in a specific manner, recognition performance can be enhanced. Therefore, extracted features can be shared among different receivers and platforms, and can even be applied to newly added receivers. The concept of common waveform (CW) is first defined, referring to the received signal without receiver distortions. Different receiving devices are working synchronously, and the CW is estimated using multiple copies of the signal obtained from multiple receivers through the iterative reweighted least squares (IRLS) method. For each receiver, a maximum linear correlation algorithm is proposed to calculate the received signal without being affected by distortions. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can enhance identification performance. With the increase in the number of receivers, the improvement is more noticeable. Using 10 distorted receivers operating under an SNR of 25 dB, the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the identification performance, achieving over 95% and approaching the ideal scenario of no receiver distortion. Meanwhile, influences caused by receiver distortions can be effectively eliminated, and the database can be shared with new receivers, overperforming other SEI methods that eliminate the receiver.
Tanzen im Alter – eine unterschätzte Sportart
Authors: Kidritsch Anita , Anifantis-Scherb Soi Carmen , Neumayer Claudia 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungKontinuierliche Bewegung ist besonders im Alter wichtig. Für gesunde Senior*innen ebenso wie bei bereits bestehenden Erkrankungen. Tanzen im Alter verbessert das Gleichgewicht und die Gehfähigkeit. Bei Tanzenden verringern sich Symptome von Altersdepression, die Lebensqualität steigt. Auch bei Demenz und neurologischen Erkrankungen ist Tanzen wirksam.
From Nelson’s Syndrome to Corticotroph Tumor Progression Speed: An
Update
Authors: Bessiène Laura , Villa Chiara , Bertagna Xavier , Baussart Bertrand , Assié Guillaume 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince the first description of Nelson syndrome 60 years ago, the way to consider
corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) after bilateral
adrenalectomy has evolved. Today, it is globally acknowledged that only a subset
of corticotroph PitNETs is aggressive.After adrenalectomy, corticotroph tumor progression (CTP) occurs in about 30 to
40% of patients during a median follow-up of 10 years. When CTP occurs, various
CTP speeds (CTPS) can be observed. Using simple metrics in patients with CTP,
CTPS was reported to vary from a few millimeters to up to 40 mm per year. Rapid
CTPS/ Nelson’s syndrome was associated with more severe Cushing’s disease,
higher adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the year following adrenalectomy,
and higher Ki67 on pituitary pathology. Complications such as apoplexy,
cavernous syndrome, and visual defects were associated with higher CTPS. During
follow-up, early morning ACTH, absolute variations properly reflected CTPS.
Finally, CTPS was not higher after than before adrenalectomy, suggesting that
cortisol deprivation after adrenalectomy does not impact CTPS in a majority of
patients.Taken together, rapid CTPS/ Nelson’s syndrome probably reflects the intrinsic
aggressiveness of some corticotroph PitNETs. The precise molecular mechanisms
related to corticotroph PitNET aggressiveness remain to be deciphered. Regular
MRIs combined with intermediate morning ACTH measurements probably provide a
reliable way to detect early and manage fast-growing tumors and, therefore,
limit the complications.
Clinical Course after End-of-Life Decisions on a Neurosurgical Ward: Much to Learn and Improve
Authors: Hautmann Xenia , Rohde Veit , von der Brelie Christian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background End-of-life (EoL) decisions are routine in neurosurgical care due to frequent devastating and life-threatening diagnoses. Advance directives, discussions with patients' relatives, and evaluation of the alleged will of the patient play an increasing important role in clinical decision-making. Institutional standards, ethical values, different ethnical backgrounds, and individual physician's experiences influence clinical judgments and decisions. We hypothesize that the implementation of palliative care in neurosurgical wards needs optimization. The aim of this study is to identify possible sources of error and to share our experiences.
Methods This is a retrospective observational analysis. One hundred and sixty-eight patients who died on a regular neurosurgical ward between 2014 and 2019 were included. Medical reports were analyzed in detail. A differentiation between consistent and nonconsistent palliation was made, with consistent palliative care consisting of discontinuation of medication that was no longer indicated, administration of medication for symptom control, and consequent discontinuation of nutrition and fluid substitution that went beyond satisfying hunger or thirst.
Results EoL decisions were made in 127 (84.1%) of all 168 cases; 100 patients were included in our analysis. Of these patients, only 24 had an advance directive, and the relatives were included in the communication about the therapy goals in 71 cases. Discontinuation of medication that is not for symptom control was performed in 63 patients, food withdrawal in 66 patients, and fluid substitution that went beyond the quenching of thirst was withdrawn in 27 patients. Thus, consistent palliative care was realized in 25% of all patients. The mean duration from the EoL decision until death was 2.1 days (range: 0–20 days). If a consistent palliative care was carried out, patients survived significantly shorter (nonconsistent palliative care: 2.4 days; range: 0–10 days vs. consistent palliative care: 1.2 days; range: 0–4 days; p = 0.008).
Conclusions The therapy goal should be thoroughly considered and determined at an early stage. If an EoL decision is reached, consistent palliative care should be carried out in order to limit suffering of moribund patients.