bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensor de Fuerza para el Monitoreo en la Rehabilitación de Niños con Problemas Motrices en los Miembros Superiores
Authors: Torres-Olaya Kevin , Gutierrez-Ortiz Mario , Yime Rodriguez Eugenio , Roldán-Mckinley Javier 
Published: July 2024

Introducción: Los dispositivos robóticos de rehabilitación de pacientes con impedimentos motrices se encuentran en amplio uso por cuanto impactan significativamente el proceso de rehabilitación al ofrecer un plan uniforme de ejercicios sin tener las variaciones típicas presentes entre diferentes terapeutas humanos. Estos dispositivos requieren de sensores de fuerza para monitorear la evolución en la recuperación del paciente. Dentro de los dispositivos robóticos para rehabilitación se encuentra el MIT-MANUS, el cual posee dos grados de libertad y se emplea en pacientes con problemas motrices en miembros superiores. Para poder complementar el uso de un sistema MIT-MANUS se requiere contar con un dispositivo que sea capaz de sensar fuerzas en el plano. Lastimosamente, los dispositivos comerciales son muy costosos y poco accesibles en países como Colombia. Se plantea por lo tanto el objetivo de investigación de desarrollar un sensor de fuerza para un sistema robótico MIT-MANUS que sea simple, robusto, económico y fiable.
Objetivo: Desarrollar un dispositivo de sensado en el plano que se capaz de detectar, con buena precisión y un error de medición aceptable, las fuerzas ejercidas por niñas y niños de hasta 10 años de edad.
Metodología: Se utilizó un enfoque de diseño metodológico de Ingeniería Mecánica, basado en las fases de concepción, diseño, validación CAE, construcción, ensamble y pruebas experimentales.
Resultados: El principal resultado de la investigación fue la construcción de un dispositivo de sensado validado experimentalmente capaz de medir fuerza en el plano de hasta 60 N.
Conclusiones: Después de realizar las pruebas y ensayos experimentales, se pudo comprobar que el sensor es fiable al momento de medir una fuerza en el plano. El error máximo de medición de una fuerza en su componente horizontal o vertical es del 10%, el cual se reduce al 6% cuando el valor calculado corresponde a la resultante de la fuerza. La fuente de los errores es diversa, ya sea debido a la no homogeneidad del elemento metálico, el tipo de galga usada, los químicos empleados para soldar la galga al elemento mecánico, problemas de conversión ADC, entre otros, pero sus valores aceptables permiten emplear la galga en la aplicación a la que fue diseñada.
Mechanical and Microstructural Analysis of Treated Tuff with Metakaolin Geopolymer Cement for Road Base layers Applications
Authors: Allali Khadhra , Bella Nabil 
Published: July 2024

Traditional road bases materials such as natural gravel and crushed stone are environmentally damaging, and there is a growing need for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. One such alternative is using geopolymer cement and tuff as aggregate materials. Geopolymer cement is an innovative and environmentally-friendly alternative to traditional Portland cement, and using locally-sourced tuff as an aggregate material can further reduce the environmental impact of road construction. This article discusses the importance of sustainable road construction practices, particularly in the use of eco-friendly materials for road base layers. It focuses on the treatment of tuff with alkali-activated metakaolin as the geopolymer precursor activated with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. The effectiveness of treating tuff with metakaolin geopolymer cement is evaluated using several parameters, including dry density, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), shear strength, and microstructure analysis. These evaluations are performed with different NaOH dosages (8, 10, and 12 moles) to determine the optimal molarity for enhancing the material's performance.
Anti-turbulent efficiency of oil-soluble polymer solutions and colloid systems flowing through cylindrical channel
Authors: Manzhay Vladimir N. 
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The use of anti-turbulent additives for transporting hydrocarbon liquids through main pipelines allows reducing significantly the energy consumption of pumping power stations. Aim. Comparative analysis of the anti-turbulent efficiency of high-molecular polymers and compositions of surfactants. Methods. Laboratory-scale experimentation aimed to study the flow of dilute polymer solutions and dispersed surfactant systems through a cylindrical channel of a turbulent rheometer. Results. The author has carried out the comparative experimental studies of the anti-turbulent efficiency of extremely dilute solutions of polymers and colloidal systems. The results were obtained that suggest a higher anti-turbulent efficiency of high-molecular-weight polymers compared to micellar surfactant systems. Solutions of high molecular weight polybutadiene and aluminum polyhydroxydicarboxylates in gasoline were used as samples for the experimental comparison of hydrodynamic efficiency. The paper describes the laboratory setup, on which the studies were carried out, and introduces the formulas used for quantitative calculations. The structure of polymer solutions and colloidal systems is considered and a theoretical explanation is given for the preferential use in industrial practice of high-molecular polymers in extremely low concentrations in real pipelines. It was found out that the mechanisms of degradation of antiturbulent properties of polymer solutions and dispersed surfactant systems are different. This is due to the difference in the structure of macromolar coils of polymer with an immobilized solvent and that of micelles from low molecular amphiphilic compounds. The paper introduces the arguments that explain the degradation of the antiturbulent properties of polymers not by the destruction of carbon-chain macromolecules, but by decomposition in a turbulent flow of the original large associates, consisting of a large number of chains, into individual and smaller macromolecular coils with an immobilized solvent.
Earthquake ruptures in viscoelasticity unbounded by classical speed limits
Authors: Weng Huihui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Classical theories using linear elasticity predict that crack propagation is bounded by a limiting speed, beyond which the energy balance becomes unphysical. Recent experiments in viscoelastic materials demonstrated that both tensile and frictional crack propagation can exceed classical speed limits. However, the fundamental physics governing unbounded rupture speeds are still unclear. In this paper, we show via numerical simulations that frictional ruptures in viscoelasticity can propagate at a continuum of terminal speeds that are not bounded by the classical speed limit. All simulated rupture speeds are predicted by the newly developed theory of fracture mechanics incorporating viscoelasticity via the principle of energy balance. In addition to the ratio of the fracture energy to the static energy release rate that can be used to uniquely predict the rupture propagation in linear elasticity, the scales of characteristic lengths in viscoelasticity also govern the energy balance. Beyond the classical speed limit, the energy balance becomes independent of any macroscopic length and is controlled only by the local properties around the rupture tip. These numerical and theoretical findings fundamentally advance our understanding of dynamic rupture propagation.
Enhancing Hydropower Resilience and Grid Stability with Interpretable and Customizable AI Amid Climate Change
Authors: Xia Cuihui , Yue Lei , Chen Deliang , Xue Ancheng , Li Zhiqiang , He Qing , Zhang Guoqing , Wang Weicai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Climate-driven water cycle changes have led to a global hydropower decline, exacerbating power shortages and grid risks. Here we developed HydroTrace, an AI model featuring a customizable attention mechanism rooted in Earth system processes. It enables hydropower stakeholders to identify the climate and environmental factors that have the most significant impact on their operations. HydroTrace outperforms conventional methods in the Third Pole, a region heavily reliant on hydropower, sensitive to climate changes, and lacking in data. It reveals that glacier-related runoff significantly affects hydropower generation. Projections up to 2100 predict increased spill periods (when runoff exceeds a hydropower station’s capacity) by 13-21 days and decreased low-flow production by 14.0-19.3%. This leads to an overall reduction in generation by 0.4-4.4% at the facility being studied. With its precision and adaptability, HydroTrace serves as a vital tool for the development of climate adaptation strategies and the formulation of energy sector policies.
Assessing the Feasibility of Alternative Wetting and Drying (AWD) Technique for Improving Water Use Efficiency in Dry-Season Rice Production
Authors: Phoeurn Chan Arun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

AWD has been effective in conserving water in various regions, particularly in Asia. However, there is a lack of research on the feasibility of AWD in different paddy soil ecosystems. We evaluate the possibility of saving water in dry rice production in Cambodia by quantifying the effects of AWD on rice yield and water use efficiency (WUE) with varying varieties and soil properties. We tested AWD at two different threshold levels: AWD15, when the perched water table drops to 15 centimeters below the soil surface, and AWD20, when it drops to 20 centimeters below the soil surface. Five field experiments were conducted from 2021 to 2023.
Our results showed that AWD did not significantly affect grain yield, yield components, HI, and root growth compared to conventional flooding (CF). However, AWD did improve WUEs when considering soil properties. WUE was not improved in AWD when the top soil was sandy clay loam. Despite similar yields, AWD significantly reduced total water inputs by 10-30% in AWD15 and by 22-24% in AWD20 compared to CF. Among the AWD treatments, AWD15 exhibited the highest WUE.
The finding demonstrates that safe and mild AWD has potential for rice growing on sandy loam, and WUE could be improved further in AWD when implemented on soil with low saturated conductivity, regardless of its texture.
Keywords : Alternate wetting and drying, variety, soil property, water use efficiency, Water savings, dry-season rice
Analysing Train Delay Impacts on Subway Stations via a Three-stage Approach: An Empirical Study on Shanghai Metro
Authors: He Yuxin , Liu Xiaoling , Zhang Qi , Liang Xinyun , Chen Jingjing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Delays can adversely affect passengers, operational efficiency, and punctuality, necessitating effective methods to identify and analyse stations vulnerable to such delays. This study proposes a three-stage analytical framework. In the first stage, the 3σ rule is utilized to define normal passenger volume ranges and establish a specific time window, focusing on periods significantly affected by delays. Next, a multivariate time series clustering method is proposed to identify stations with stable demand and high volume, considering passenger volume differences both among and within stations. In the final stage, the effects of delays on these key stations are assessed by examining duration, starting, and ending times, and passenger volume variation, providing a comprehensive analysis of delay impact. The proposed method is validated on a real-world case: the 2021 delay incident at Shanghai Metro's Longyang Road Station. Our case study revealed that stations significantly impacted by delays are not limited to the specific line or direction of the delay, but also include opposite direction and network transfer stations. The starting time of effects at stations occurs in three stages—prior to, during, and after the delay—with full recovery at most key stations not occurring until the third time window. Additionally, both increases and decreases in passenger volumes due to the delay present considerable implications. Our results aid transit managers in better managing delays, thereby improving passenger satisfaction and operational efficiency. This paper also offers a comprehensive framework and an empirical study, providing valuable guidance for future research in this area.
Evaluation of Cotton Stalk Biochar Use Efficiency on Cotton Yield in Zambia
Authors: Simasiku Martin Lubinda , Abdelmoghny Ahmed M. , Kranthi Keshav R. , Kranthi Sandhya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Growing cotton in acidic soils under drought conditions is a critical issue for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Arid Regions. The Biochar is a soil amendment to enhance soil properties like; water-holding capacity and as a source of nutritional elements. Therefore, the prime focus is improving soil health without decreasing yield productivity from a unit area in a sustainable manner. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Biochar application on the cotton yield of the commercial variety CDT V in comparison with other fertilizers such as manure and synthetic fertilizers under combined acidity, high temperature and drought stresses in Magoye, Zambia during the two growing seasons of 2021/22 and 2022/23. The results indicated that the acidic soils under drought stress had a negative effect on cotton productivity. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences for treatment, years and their interaction for plant height and cotton yield. The observed results showed that the highest seed cotton yield and lint was 1888.92 and 868.90 kg/ha obtained from Biochar plus synthetic fertilizer treatment followed by Biochar plus manure produced 1691.85 and 778.25 kg/ha for seed cotton and lint yield, respectively. The highest partial fertilizer productivity decreased with increasing fertilizer dose. Also, the Principle Componet Analysis ( PCA ) showed acute angle between variables with long arms, which indicated highly significant positive correlation between five traits. Generally, Biochar combined with synthetic fertilizers could improve soil fertility leading to increased cotton productivity in arid and semi-arid regions.
Analyzing the Correlation Between Serum IgM Levels and Rituximab's Therapeutic Efficacy in Adult Nephrotic Syndrome：A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Song Haiying , Liao Yuheng , Cheng Yuan , Chen Jia , Qi Dongli , Guan Mijie , Hu Haofei , Wan Qijun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the relationship between serum IgM level and the efficacy of rituximab (RTX)in the treatment of adult patients with nephrotic syndrome(NS).
Methods
This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 68 NS patients who received RTX treatment in Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from September 2018 to August 2023. This study employed Cox proportional hazards model, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and other statistical methods to analyze the correlation between IgM level and the efficacy of RTX in NS treatment.
Result
This study involving 68 patients, 45 were male (66.18%). The Patients were divided into two groups according to the cutoff value of ROC curve analysis. There were 29 cases in the low level group (< 0.81 g/L) and 39 cases in the high level group ( > = 0.81 g/L). Complete remission was achieved in 23 cases (33.82%). Univariate analysis revealed that in the low IgM level group, eGFR was a significant factor influencing the effectiveness of Rituximab treatment for nephrotic syndrome (HR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.01 ~ 1.04).In the Cox regression model, serum IgM levels were positively correlated with the likelihood of complete remission in adults with NS treated with rituximab (HR = 3.080, 95% CI 1.552–6.110).Even after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, albumin, eGFR, urine protein quantification, D-dimer, serum IgG, and complement C3, this relationship remains significant (HR = 3.041, 95%CI 1.242–7.447, P < 0.05). However, we went further and found that serum IgM levels are negatively correlated with the efficacy of patients with membranous nephropathy treated with rituximab, but positively correlated with the complete remission of patients with minimal change disease.In the low and high serum IgM level groups, the median time to remission is 27 months and 11 months, respectively.The possibility of complete remission of nephrotic syndrome in patients with high levels of IgM was 1.967 times higher than that in patients with low levels of IgM.
Conclusion
Baseline IgM levels significantly correlate with the effectiveness of Rituximab treatment in adult patients with nephrotic syndrome. Specifically, serum IgM levels negatively correlate with treatment outcomes in patients with membranous nephropathy receiving Rituximab, while positively correlating with complete remission in patients with minimal change disease.
Trial registration:
This is a retrospective cohort study, we temporarily did not apply for clinical trials number.
Targeted blood metabolomics in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Sun Huiqing , Yu Muchun , He Lu , Cheng Ping , Wang Yanxi , Yan Weiling , Huangpu Jiaxin , Yang Wei , Mao Huijuan , Hu Qingnan , Li Shaohua , Li Na , Song Wangbao , Li Lifeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with profound changes in lung microcirculation and metabolic status. This study aimed to investigate changes in significant blood metabolites and metabolic pathways in infants with BPD. Very preterm infants who underwent ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry testing at a corrected gestational age of 36 weeks were included. Infants with similar gestational ages were divided into two groups: those with BPD and those without BPD. Targeted metabolites were analyzed using the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model. Metabolic pathways were identified through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The study included 170 infants in the BPD group and 177 infants in the control group. C6DC, C16OH, Met, Ala, C0, C5, C5DC, C4, C2, C14OH, C18:2, Orn, and Tyr were identified as significant and the top metabolites. Met, Ala, Leu, C0, and C2 levels were lower, and C6DC, C16OH, C5, C5DC, and C4 levels were higher in the BPD group than the control group (all p < 0.05). Correlation heat map analysis and Mantel test revealed relationships between specific metabolites and BPD grade. The Mantel test revealed that the BPD grade was related to C0, C2, C4, and C5DC, brain natriuretic peptide related to C0. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated the involvement of these metabolites in five metabolic pathways. The findings suggest that amino acid and carnitine metabolites may play a role in BPD development, providing valuable insights into the effects of these metabolites on the condition
A comparative study on the efficacy of synthetic organic ligands on functional iron status in plants
Authors: Gupta Roshani , Kumar Vijay , Verma Nikita , Tewari Rajesh Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Improving functional Fe status through the application of Fe with synthetic organic ligands is a strategy to overcome the Fe-deficiency problem. The study emphasizes on the potential efficiency of different selected synthetic organic ligands (Fe-EDTA, Fe-EDDHA, Fe-Citrate) and compare their effectiveness in improving functional Fe status by biochemical means and how wheat responds to different Fe ligands at a lower supply of Fe supply, 25 µM (c.f. 150 µM in maize) under hydroponics. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays) plants grown under a hydroponic system. Fe was supplied as either FeCl3 or in complex with organic ligands, viz., EDTA, EDDHA, and citrate. Wheat plants exhibited improved functional Fe status, as indicated by high chlorophyll and carotenoids concentrations, lipid peroxidation, and ferric chelate reductase activity in Fe-EDTA and Fe-Citrate-supplied plants. Interveinal chlorosis along with mildly increased superoxide dismutase activity was observed in FeCl3, and Fe-EDDHA-supplied plants. Chlorotic leaves of Fe-EDDHA show a decrease in lipid peroxidation, highlighting the role of Fe in chlorophyll biosynthesis and lipid peroxidation in wheat plants. Fe-EDDHA was found to be an inefficient Fe supplier for wheat too, as indicated by decreased growth with a low shoot Fe concentration (c.f. maize at 150 µM supply). Both maize and wheat are strategy II plants, but wheat is more efficient than maize plants. Fe-EDTA and Fe-Citrate have been proven to be effective Fe-suppliers in comparison to Fe-EDDHA and FeCl3 in wheat plants. Fe-EDDHA is a poor Fe supplier in hydroponic systems as EDDHA forms a strong complex with Fe and its aromatic and hydrophobic nature.
Research on Wing Impact Damage Detection Based on FBG Smart interlayer and BAS-LSSVM
Authors: Dong Xiaoma , Chen Lifei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This paper reports research on wing impact damage detection based on a smart FBG interlayer and an SVM. The research results show that the embedding of intelligent interlayers has minimal impact on the strength performance of composite structures. The wavelength shift and strain of FBG sensors in intelligent interlayers exhibit a favorable linear relationship, and the interlayers can be embedded inside composite structures. Smart FBG interlayers are very suitable for nondestructive testing and evaluation of composite materials. After calibrating the strain load characteristics of FBG sensors in a smart interlayer, these sensors can be embedded in composite materials not only for monitoring structural stress and strain, but also for use in combination with advanced information processing technology to establish an active, online, and real-time monitoring system for sensing structural damage.
3D Modeling of Electrofacies from Seismic and Well-log Data Using a Geostatistical Algorithm
Authors: Hasan Reda Al , Saberi Mohammad Hossein , Riahi Mohammad Ali , Manshad Abbas Khaksar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Facies analysis represents a major part of reservoir characterization studies. The present study examines reservoir electrofacies (EFs) based on seismic and well-log data using several intelligent clustering methods. Results of the clustering were then evaluated using geostatistical algorithms for static modeling of the reservoir facies. The facies were classified based on logs by the multi-resolution graph-based clustering (MRGC) and self-organizing map (SOM) methods to obtain the porosity, as a petrophysical parameter, for 3D modeling. By means of a geostatistical approach to facies modeling via the sequential indicator simulation (SIS), well and seismic data were combined to come up with an accurate 3D model, which was then generalized to the whole reservoir. Application of the SOM and MRGC methods led to identification of 7 facies. In both methods, facies 1 exhibited the best reservoir properties. Upon the modeling, a 3D facies model was established for the depth interval ranging from the Frontier (second well creek) to the Crow Mountain horizons in the Teapot Dome. This model is of help in well planning and nomination of new well locations for drilling.