bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the recovery process in a mobile rehabilitation team for people with severe mental disorders by using the Recovery Helm
Authors: Strkalj Ivezic S. , Curkovic M. , Štimac Grbić D. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPeople with severe mental disorder (SMD) determine the goals and paths of recovery with professional and nonformal supporters such as family and friends. It is crucial that these people, as well as everyone who participates in the recovery process, are familiar with all the elements that contribute to the recovery of mental health in order to help people with SMD identify goals and assess their achievement. We have therefore created a Recovery Helm to assess the functioning in the various areas necessary for recovery to help us assess the needs and monitor the recovery process of people with mental health problems.ObjectivesThe goal is to assess the initial state of mental health and monitor the effects of the mobile rehabilitation team program on the recovery of people with SMI through the use of the Recovery Helm.Methods
We used the Recovery Helm: http://shorturl.at/gyCDQ as an instrument for the initial assessment of all areas crucial for recovery to determine the goals of recovery and interventions needed to achieve these goals of rehabilitation in 30 patients included in the program of the mobile rehabilitation team applying different psychosocial interventions according to the individual recovery plan made as a mutual agreement between patients and rehabilitation team. The status of recovery is evaluated after 3 and 6 months.ResultsThe results indicate significant improvements in most areas of the recovery assessed at the Recovery Helm selected as individually important goal for a person included in the rehabilitation programConclusionsThe Recovery Helm is an excellent clinical assessment instrument that helps determine recovery goals and rehabilitation interventions that promote recovery and monitor the achieved results.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Navigating the Professional Journey for Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Pinho S. A. , Coutinho F. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects approximately 5% of adults. Individuals with ADHD often display symptoms of inattention, including poor time management and difficulty concentrating and completing tasks. Hyperactivity frequently attenuates over time and transforms into inner restlessness, leading to workaholic behaviors. Impulsive symptoms, on the other hand, may manifest as irritability and low frustration tolerance.Objectives
To describe the workplace challenges that adults with ADHD face and to explore strategies to improve their occupational outcomes.MethodsA non-systematic review of the clinical literature available in PubMed was conducted using the keywords: “employment” and “attention deficit hyperactivity disorder”.ResultsIndividuals diagnosed with ADHD, in contrast to those without the condition, statistically exhibit poorer job performance and increased lateness, job instability, workplace injuries, particularly traffic accidents, comorbid diseases, and financial problems. Therefore, they often work harder to compensate for their limitations however the findings regarding the health impact of such high job demands are inconsistent. Stimulant therapy during childhood is the main predictor of successful adult employment. Contrarily, risk factors for workplace impairment in ADHD include female gender, executive deficits, lower IQ, less education, combined/inattentive subtype, and history of substance abuse, depression, or anxiety. It was also demonstrated that ADHD individuals may thrive in manual and creative roles and hyperactivity can benefit self-employment. Psychiatrists should offer psychoeducation, along with psychostimulants if necessary, as it is the first-line treatment. Nonetheless, the long-term impact of pharmacological treatment on professional outcomes remains unclear. Although most employers lack ADHD knowledge, workplace strategies including well-defined duties, feedback, job control, and flexibility have been shown to effectively mitigate ADHD symptoms.Conclusions
Evidence suggests that a significant amount of employees with ADHD face challenges in finding and keeping a job. Thus, identifying and treating ADHD in adulthood is imperative to help them selecting careers that align with their strengths and weaknesses, which are partially influenced by ADHD, and to promote optimal occupational health. This effort requires collaboration between psychiatry and occupational health professionals. Additionally, it is necessary to start implementing educational campaigns among workforce teams to effectively accommodate workers with ADHD. Further studies are needed to develop occupational programs and rehabilitating interventions tailored to this population.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The Evolution of Anorexia Nervosa in Singapore: A 30-year Demographic Analysis
Authors: Lee H. Y. , Wong V. K. H. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionNew prevalence and time trend data from various Asian countries show that Eating Disorders (ED) are increasingly common in Asia. (Youl-Ri Kim. Int J Eat Disord. Dec 2020). A recent study estimating the prevalence of ED in Singapore found an alarming 6.2% screened positive for a clinical ED diagnosis, 19.5% were screened to be at high risk, and estimated the point prevalence of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) to be 0.9%. (Chua SN et al. Int J Eat Disord. Jan 2021).
The ED unit in Singapore General Hospital (SGH) was set up in 2003 as a National Treatment Programme for patients with ED.
Two local studies have been published to date on the demographics and clinical profile of patients with AN. The first study examined 126 patients from 1994 – 2002 (HY Lee et al. Singapore Med J 2005; 46(6): 275-281). The second study reported on 271 cases from our SGH ED unit from 2003-2010 (Kuek et al. SIngapore Med J 2015; 56(6): 324-328). There have been no further studies in the last decade.Objectives1.Study the demographics and clinical profile of patients who presented with AN to our ED unit from 2011-20222.Compare our data with the 2 previous studies and examine for any changes and trends in the past 30 years.MethodsWe conducted a review of the ED unit new case registry at SGH from 2011-2022. A total of 910 patients were diagnosed with AN at presentation. The data was analysed with approval from the hospital instituitional review board.ResultsA total of 910 cases presented with AN over 12 years. Comparing with the 2 previous studies, the number of new cases each year has continued to increase from <15 in the 1990s to hit a peak of 109 per year in 2022. 94% were females, with a mean presenting age of 19. 79.2% were Chinese, 5.2% were Indians and 2.9% were of Malay ethnicity. The Malay population continue to be under-represented whereas other ethnic groups continue to be over-represented, increasing from 3.2% to 7% in the previous studies to 11.1%. Referrals were mainly from tertiary healthcare intuitions accounting for 41.4% of cases. Self-referrals have decreased over the last decade whereas referrals from primary care has increased. The mean presenting body mass index (BMI) was 15.9. Compared to a previous study, there was a significant increase in presenting BMI (15.9+/- 0.78 vs 14.4 +/- 1.77, p value 0.0074).ConclusionsThe number of new cases of AN has seen an almost 10-fold increase in the last 30years. The Malay ethnicity continues to be under-represented – more research is needed if they are somehow culturally protected or if they are not coming forth for treatment. Majority of referrals are from tertiary healthcare institutions but referrals from primary care have increased, reflecting a possible increase in awareness amongst primary care doctors. The mean presenting BMI has increased – hopefully reflecting an increase in ED awareness such that patients are coming forward earlier for treatment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Eating disorders in medicine university students in a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo Brazil
Authors: De Oliveira M. C. V. R. , Soares de Oliveira C. B. , Rejali N. D. , Machado M. B. , Formaio M. H. , Umbelino da Silva S. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Eating disorders are characterized by a persistent disturbance in eating and/or eating-related behavior, resulting in altered food consumption or absorption, which can significantly compromise physical health as well as psychosocial functioning. These disorders are closely linked with stressful experiences which university students configure a group prone to development.ObjectivesThe objective is to evaluate the impact of eating disorders on young people when entering and staying at university.MethodsThis is an observational, quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study, in which 1300 (one thousand and three hundred) medical students were invited, of both sexes and over 18 years of age from the 1st (first) to the 12th (twelfth) year. period of the Medicine course at the University of Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE) with 91 students joining. A structured interview was applied via online, aiming at collecting sociodemographic and occupational data in conjunction with the application of the Periodic Eating Compulsion Scale - ECAP, assessing the existence and degree of eating disorders in medical students.ResultsMean age 22.7 ± 3.9 years, predominantly female (76.9%) and white ethnicity (86.8%). Most live alone or with a parent (82.5%). With regard to eating habits, 81 (89.0%) said they did not follow a nutrition professional’s diet, and 84 (92.3%) have at least 3 meals a day. Lunch is eaten by 100% of the participants, while supper is the least consumed meal (17.6%). A total of 24 (26.4%) participants said they had little time to eat, and almost half (46.2%) did not prepare their own meals, with 12.5% choosing to eat salted or not. eating a certain meal. The ECAP binge eating score had a median of 9 (11.5) points, with a minimum score equal to 1 and a maximum equal to 41. Sixty-eight (74.7%) of the participants were classified as having no binge eating, with moderate binge eating 15 (16.5%), and severe, 8 (8.8%).ConclusionsThere is a need for changes in lifestyle aspects in order to present healthier meals in appropriate amounts, in addition to an adequate therapeutic approach to these disorders. Research funding agency We also declare that we received financial support from the Institutional Program for Scientific Initiation Scholarships (PROBIC).Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Parental Experiences of Grief after Pregnancy Loss: systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Duarte M. R. , Torres A. , Carvalho P. S. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionGestational Loss represents a set of abrupt and unexpected losses throughout pregnancy or after childbirth. Every year, around two million babies die after 28 weeks of gestation, with between 14% and 20% of all pregnancies ending in loss. In most situations, pregnancy loss occurs in a pregnancy without signs of risk or irregularities, something that increases the shock and suffering felt by parents.ObjectivesThe present study aims to understand the relationship between pregnancy loss and parents’ grief experiences after spontaneous abortion, stillbirth or neonatal death with qualitative evidence.MethodsThis review followed the principles of PRISMA, and the search was carried out in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, aiming to find relevant articles about parental grief experiences resulting from pregnancy loss, published between 2012 and 2022. After research and analysis Of the studies, 15 qualitative studies were included.ResultsThe pain and sadness when experiencing the loss of a child was a common point in all the studies found. In this review, the majority of men revealed a duality in wanting to protect, physically and emotionally, their partner, while experiencing their own grief, something that led to the internalization of their emotions and the minimization of their pain. Grieving fathers and mothers report experiencing this process alone, describing the difficulty in expressing what they feel due to the lack of recognition of the loss. It was found that confrontation with other pregnant women leads bereaved parents to reveal jealousy and shame, as well as feelings of guilt. The farewell rituals, the process of writing and talking about their experience helped the women to not feel so alone and to find a purpose: to transform their pain and help other grieving mothers. Fathers and mothers who experienced pregnancy loss stated that the death of their child provided change and growth.ConclusionsAfter Pregnancy Loss, adapting to the new reality is extremely painful, despite the work of mourning being necessary and crucial. This process is a search to integrate and accept the reality of the loss of the baby in a way that has meaning for the mother and father, it is the adaptation to a world without the lost child and to a relationship that had been built during the gestation period, which was violently broken. It is necessary for health professionals to be present and available to address these parents’ fears, provide advice and support.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Childhood trauma in adult depressive and anxiety disorders: immuno-metabolic evidences in the NESDA cohort
Authors: Milaneschi Y. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Childhood trauma and depression are both associated with increased risk of metabolic disorders, but their joint effects and underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This talk will present recent findings from large-scale epidemiological and biobank studies that explore the metabolic signature of childhood trauma, depression, and their interplay. For example, using longitudinal data from the NESDA cohort, we investigated the association of childhood trauma with metabolic syndrome in ˜3000 adults, including patients with depression and/or anxiety and healthy controls, over 9 years of follow-up. The talk will also describe preliminary results from an individual patient data meta-analysis pooling >160,000 subjects from the Early Cause European Consortium. In this study, we examined the differences in markers of obesity and dyslipidemia across individuals with neither childhood trauma nor depression (controls), those with childhood maltreatment, those with depression, those reporting both of these conditions. The findings described in the talk shed light on the complex interplay between early life stress, mood disorders, and metabolic health.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Brain imaging studies in Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and problematic social network site use
Authors: Weinstein A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Gaming disorder is characterized by ICD 11 as persistent or recurrent gaming behavior manifested by impaired control over gaming, increasing priority given to gaming over other life interests and daily activities; and continuation or escalation of gaming despite the occurrence of negative consequences. IGD shares to a large extent neurobiological alterations seen in other addictions, such as activation in brain regions associated with reward, reduced activity in impulse control areas and impaired decision-making; and reduced functional connectivity in brain networks that are involved in cognitive control, executive function, motivation and reward. Moreover, there were structural changes, mainly reduction in gray matter volume and white matter density. Comorbidity studies indicate that executive control networks in ADHD may increase the susceptibility to develop IGD. Problematic SNS use has been associated with an increased rate of depression, anxiety, stress, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and propensity to excessive alcohol use. It may also lead to vulnerability to aggression, cyberbullying and fear of missing out (FOMO). There is little evidence for cognitive impairments, but there is some preliminary event-related potentials (ERPs) evidence for inefficiency in allocating and monitoring resources and inhibitory control. There is evidence for reduced sleep quality and quantity, longer sleeping latency and more sleep disturbance. Brain imaging studies showed impaired inhibitory-control mechanism, reduced gray matter volumes in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and the insula, suggesting rewarding effects of SNS use on the brain.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Peduncular Hallucinosis: Clinical characteristics, etiology, and a case report
Authors: Garde Gonzalez J. , Oliva Lozano A. , Herrero Ortega P. , Morillas Romerosa M. A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionVisual hallucinations are a relatively common neurological complaint. Peduncular hallucinosis (PH) stands out as a distinct entity, characterized by complex visual hallucinations resulting from structural lesions in the brainstem or diencephalon.ObjectivesWe aim to provide an overview of the clinical features, etiological factors, and management strategies associated with PH, incorporating a unique case study.MethodsClinical case report and brief literature review.ResultsClinical Characteristics: PH is marked by detailed, colorful, vivid, and occasionally emotionally charged visual hallucinations. These hallucinations encompass people, animals, or objects and may be mistaken for reality. While primarily visual, they may occasionally involve other sensory modalities. Crucially, patients with PH maintain insight, distinguishing it from primary psychotic disorders.Etiological Factors: PH is most commonly associated with structural brainstem lesions, particularly in the midbrain. Potential instigators encompass ischemic strokes, vascular anomalies, tumors and infections. Disruption of the reticular activating system in the brainstem is implicated in the pathogenesis. Advanced imaging techniques have unveiled cases with subtle presentations, broadening our comprehension of PH.Pathogenesis: PH may involve the disturbance of serotonergic inhibitory pathways and the reticular activating system. A plausible link with hypnagogic hallucinations hints at a mechanism related to rapid REM sleep transitions.Case Report: Mr. J., a 30-year-old patient, suffered recurrent mesencephalic strokes attributed to Sneddon’s syndrome, ADA-2 deficiency, and protein C deficiency, leading to malacic lesions in the hemimesencephalon and right hemipons. He experienced complex visual hallucinations, primarily geometric patterns and animals, mainly at night. Importantly, he maintained insight into their hallucinatory nature. Mr. J. also had diplopia, visual impairment, recurrent headaches, and left hemiparesis.Reactive anxiety and depression due to functional loss followed his recurrent strokes. Initially, antipsychotics were used to manage sensory-perceptual disturbances, but were later discontinued due to reduced interference with daily functioning. Antidepressant and psychological therapy was continued throughout the follow-up to address mood symptoms.Conclusions
Peduncular hallucinosis is an intriguing phenomenon characterized by complex visual hallucinations. Understanding its clinical features, etiology, and possible mechanisms is essential for accurate diagnosis and management. This case report emphasizes PH’s clinical aspects and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, including pharmacological intervention and psychological support. Understanding its features, causes, and management is essential for accurate care. Further research is needed to improve our comprehension and optimize treatment strategies.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Unveiling Koro’s diverse conceptualizations across cultures
Authors: Seabra D. , Lopes I. , Moura J. , Leal J. , Rocha T. , Cunha J. , Torres S. , Santos D. , Santos G. , Ramalho N. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionKoro, also known in Cantonese as Shook Yang, which literally translates to “shrinking penis”, has its roots in a cultural belief that a mythological figure would steal the penis of his victims. Predominantly reported in Southeast Asia, it involves an acute fear of genital retraction, often accompanied by the belief that this retraction may lead to death. Over the last two centuries, Koro has undergone several attempts to establish its definition and classification, without a true consensus having been reached.ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the cultural nuances surrounding Koro and reflect on the various conceptualizations that modulated its definition and nosological classification, from Ancient China until the present.MethodsA non-systematic literature review with the keywords “koro” and “culture” was conducted.ResultsKoro was only introduced to the Western world during colonial expansion, drawing the attention of several psychiatrists who, in Asian territory, reported numerous cases in natives, making the very first attempts at a nosological classification, whether as an anxiety neurosis, or as an obsessive-compulsive disorder. The literature reveals significant cultural variations in the manifestation of Koro, challenging the traditional psychiatric understanding rooted in Western diagnostic categories. Cultural factors, including societal beliefs, religious practices, and regional variations, emerged as influential contributors to the prevalence and presentation of Koro. Additionally, the study identified instances of Koro evolving in response to cultural shifts and globalization, emphasizing the dynamic nature of this syndrome.ConclusionsThis review underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of Koro that acknowledges its diverse conceptualizations across cultures. Its occurrence, not only in multiple parts of the world, but also in close relation with various comorbidities, has contributed to the dissolution of its primary identity as a culture-bound syndrome, turning Koro into a moving target.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared