bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic predisposition to obesity and lifestyle factors – the combined analyses of twenty-six known BMI- and fourteen known waist:hip ratio (WHR)-associated variants in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study
Authors: Jääskeläinen Tiina , Paananen Jussi , Lindström Jaana , Eriksson Johan G. , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Uusitupa Matti ,   for the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group
Published: May 2013

Recent genome-wide association studies have identified multiple loci associated with BMI or the waist:hip ratio (WHR). However, evidence on gene–lifestyle interactions is still scarce, and investigation of the effects of well-documented dietary and other lifestyle data is warranted to assess whether genetic risk can be modified by lifestyle. We assessed whether previously established BMI and WHR genetic variants associate with obesity and weight change in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, and whether the associations are modified by dietary factors or physical activity. Individuals (n 459) completed a 3 d food record and were genotyped for twenty-six BMI- and fourteen WHR-related variants. The effects of the variants individually and in combination were investigated in relation to obesity and to 1- and 3-year weight change by calculating genetic risk scores (GRS). The GRS were separately calculated for BMI and the WHR by summing the increasing alleles weighted by their published effect sizes. At baseline, the GRS were not associated with total intakes of energy, macronutrients or fibre. The mean 1- and 3-year weight changes were not affected by the BMI or WHR GRS. During the 3-year follow-up, a trend for higher BMI by the GRS was detected especially in those who reported a diet low in fibre (P for interaction = 0·065). Based on the present findings, it appears unlikely that obesity-predisposing variants substantially modify the effect of lifestyle modification on the success of weight reduction in the long term. In addition, these findings suggest that the association between the BMI-related genetic variants and obesity could be modulated by the diet.
‘LET US SWIM IN THE POOL OF LOVE’: LOVE LETTERS AND DISCOURSES OF COMMUNITY COMPOSITION IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY TANZANIA
Authors: Prichard Andreana C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article uses a series of love letters exchanged between an African Anglican priest and a teacher-in-training before their marriage to investigate the relationship between the fashioning of the individual self, marriage, and community at the dawn of Tanganyika's independence. When seen through marriage's historical position as an institution central to community composition, these letters illustrate how the family – and the intimate process of building families – could become an alternate site of national imagination. These two young lovers understood their marriage as an explicitly political act of community composition, and cast themselves as characters in the drama of national imagination. In negotiating their twentieth-century marriage, Rose and Gideon became political innovators, selecting, producing, and testing the content and boundaries of the nation.
Identification of a newSchistosoma mansoniSMYB1 partner: putative roles in RNA metabolism
Authors: ROCHA ELIZÂNGELA A. , VALADÃO ANALINA F. , REZENDE CÍNTIA M. , DIAS SILVIA REGINA COSTA , MACEDO ANDRÉA M. , MACHADO CARLOS R. , FANTAPPIÉ MARCELO R. , RUMJANEK FRANKLIN D. , GOES ALFREDO M. , GOMES DAWIDSON A. , LOVERDE PHILIP T. , DRUMMOND MARCELA G. , FRANCO GLÓRIA R. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYSMYB1 is aSchistosoma mansoniprotein highly similar to members of the Y-box binding protein family. Similar to other homologues, SMYB1 is able to bind double- and single-stranded DNA, as well as RNA molecules. The characterization of proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression inS. mansoniis of great importance for the understanding of molecular events that control morphological and physiological changes in this parasite. Here we demonstrate that SMYB1 is located in the cytoplasm of cells from different life-cycle stages ofS. mansoni, suggesting that this protein is probably acting in mRNA metabolism in the cytoplasm and corroborating previous findings from our group that showed its ability to bind RNA. Protein–protein interactions are important events in all biological processes, since most proteins execute their functions through large supramolecular structures. Yeast two-hybrid screenings using SMYB1 as bait identified a partner inS. mansonisimilar to the SmD3 protein ofDrosophila melanogaster(SmRNP), which is important in the assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes. Also, pull-down assays were conducted using immobilized GST-SMYB1 proteins and confirmed the SMYB1-SmRNP interaction. The interaction of SMYB1 with a protein involved in mRNA processing suggests that it may act in processes such as turnover, transport and stabilization of RNA molecules.
Religious classical practice: Entextualisation and performance
Authors: Rosowsky Andrey 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article considers a particular contextualisation of the religious classical and practices associated with it within broader sets of linguistic resources or repertoires. Through a description and analysis of religious classical practices occurring in multilingual urban settings in the UK, the article employs the interpretive frame of performance to account for practice. An introductory overview of religious classical practices is provided, which is followed by a brief discussion of the theoretical considerations surrounding performance and entextualisation. This is followed by the sharing of ethnographic data that aim to demonstrate the performance-oriented and highly entextualised nature of religious classical practice. The article concludes with the suggestion that the latter is an example not only of a set of linguistic resources used predominantly for performative practice but has more in common with scripted theatrical performance than with other conventionally referential communicative practices. (Religious classical, language variety, performance, entextualisation, linguistic resources, linguistic repertoire, Muslim, multilingualism, practice)*
At home in the quantum world
Authors: Atmanspacher Harald 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOne among many misleading quotations about the alleged mysteries of quantum theory is from Feynman (1965): “I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics.” Today we know that quantum theory describes many aspects of our world in a fully intelligible fashion. Pothos & Busemeyer (P&B) propose ways in which this may include psychology and cognitive science.
Quantum mathematical cognition requires quantum brain biology: The “Orch OR” theory
Authors: Hameroff Stuart R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe “Orch OR” theory suggests that quantum computations in brain neuronal dendritic-somatic microtubules regulate axonal firings to control conscious behavior. Within microtubule subunit proteins, collective dipoles in arrays of contiguous amino acid electron clouds enable “quantum channels” suitable for topological dipole “qubits” able to physically represent cognitive values, for example, those portrayed by Pothos & Busemeyer (P&B) as projections in abstract Hilbert space.
Quantum probability and conceptual combination in conjunctions
Authors: Hampton James A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractI consider the general problem of category conjunctions in the light of Pothos & Busemeyer (P&B)'s quantum probability (QP) account of the conjunction fallacy. I argue that their account as presented cannot capture the “guppy effect” – the case in which a class is a better member of a conjunction A^B than it is of either A or B alone.
Is quantum probability rational?
Authors: Houston Alasdair I. , Wiesner Karoline 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe concentrate on two aspects of the article by Pothos & Busemeyer (P&B): the relationship between classical and quantum probability and quantum probability as a basis for rational decisions. We argue that the mathematical relationship between classical and quantum probability is not quite what the authors claim. Furthermore, it might be premature to regard quantum probability as the best practical rational scheme for decision making.
Limitations of the Dirac formalism as a descriptive framework for cognition
Authors: Kaznatcheev Artem , Shultz Thomas R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe highlight methodological and theoretical limitations of the authors' Dirac formalism and suggest the von Neumann open systems approach as a resolution. The open systems framework is a generalization of classical probability and we hope it will allow cognitive scientists to extend quantum probability from perception, categorization, memory, decision making, and similarity judgments to phenomena in learning and development.
Quantum probability, intuition, and human rationality
Authors: Oaksford Mike 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis comment suggests that Pothos & Busmeyer (P&B) do not provide an intuitive rational foundation for quantum probability (QP) theory to parallel standard logic and classical probability (CP) theory. In particular, the intuitive foundation for standard logic, which underpins CP, is the elimination of contradictions – that is, believingpand not-pis bad. Quantum logic, which underpins QP, explicitly denies non-contradiction, which seems deeply counterintuitive for the macroscopic world about which people must reason. I propose a possible resolution in situation theory.
Grounding quantum probability in psychological mechanism
Authors: Love Bradley C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPothos & Busemeyer (P&B) provide a compelling case that quantum probability (QP) theory is a better match to human judgment than is classical probability (CP) theory. However, any theory (QP, CP, or other) phrased solely at the computational level runs the risk of being underconstrained. One suggestion is to ground QP accounts in mechanism, to leverage a wide range of process-level data.
Disentangling the order effect from the context effect: Analogies, homologies, and quantum probability
Authors: Khalil Elias L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAlthough the quantum probability (QP) can be useful to model the context effect, it is not relevant to the order effect, conjunction fallacy, and other related biases. Although the issue of potentiality, which is the intuition behind QP, is involved in the context effect, it is not involved in the other biases.
Online Victim Tracking and Tracing System (ViTTS) for Major Incident Casualties
Authors: Marres Geertruid M.H. , Taal Luc , Bemelman Michael , Bouman Jos , Leenen Luke P.H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntroductionDealing with major incidents requires an immediate and coordinated response by multiple organizations. Communicating and coordinating over multiple geographical locations and organizations is a complex process. One of the greatest challenges is patient tracking and tracing. Often, data about the number of victims, their condition, location and transport is lacking. This hinders an effective response and causes public distress. To address this problem, a Victim Tracing and Tracking system (ViTTS) was developed.MethodsAn online ViTTS was developed based on a wireless network with routers on ambulances, and direct online registration of victims and their triage data through barcode injury cards. The system was tested for feasibility and usability during disaster drills.ResultsThe formation of a local radio network of hotspots with mobile routers and connection over General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) to the central database worked well. ViTTS produced accurately stored data, real-time availability, and a real-time overview of the patients (number, seriousness of injury, and location).ConclusionThe ViTTS provides a system for early, unique registration of victims close to the impact site. Online application and connection of the various systems used by the different chains in disaster relief promotes interoperability and enables patient tracking and tracing. It offers a real-time overview of victims to all involved disaster relief partners, which is necessary to generate an adequate disaster response.MarresGMH, TaalL, BemelmanM, BoumanJ, LeenenLPH. Online Victim Tracking and Tracing System (ViTTS) for major incident casualties. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(4):1-9.
Atomic-Scale Tomography: A 2020 Vision
Authors: Kelly Thomas F. , Miller Michael K. , Rajan Krishna , Ringer Simon P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAtomic-scale tomography (AST) is defined and its place in microscopy is considered. Arguments are made that AST, as defined, would be the ultimate microscopy. The available pathways for achieving AST are examined and we conclude that atom probe tomography (APT) may be a viable basis for AST on its own and that APT in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy is a likely path as well. Some possible configurations of instrumentation for achieving AST are described. The concept of metaimages is introduced where data from multiple techniques are melded to create synergies in a multidimensional data structure. When coupled with integrated computational materials engineering, structure–properties microscopy is envisioned. The implications of AST for science and technology are explored.
A head-to-head randomized clinical trial of methylphenidate and atomoxetine treatment for executive function in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Ni Hsing-Chang , Shang Chi-Yung , Gau Susan Shur-Fen , Lin Yu-Ju , Huang Hui-Chun , Yang Li-Kuang 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Results regarding the effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on executive functions were inconsistent and no study has directly compared the efficacy of these two medications in improving executive functions in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted an 8–10 wk, open-label, head-to-head, randomized clinical trial involving adults with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD confirmed by psychiatric interview. The two treatment arms were immediate-release methylphenidate (IR-methylphenidate) (n = 31) and atomoxetine once daily (n = 32). Executive functions were assessed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), including spatial working memory, spatial span, intra-extra dimensional set shifts, rapid visual information processing and Stockings of Cambridge (SOC). In addition to the symptom assessments at baseline (week 0), visit 2 (week 4–5) and visit 3 (week 8–10), they received CANTAB assessments at baseline and visit 3 (60.4 ± 6.3 d). Compared to baseline, adults treated with atomoxetine showed significant improvement in spatial working memory, spatial short-term memory, sustained attention and spatial planning at visit 3; adults treated with IR-methylphenidate showed significant improvement in spatial working memory at visit 3. Comparing the magnitude of improvement in executive functions between these two medications, the effect was generally similar for the two groups, although atomoxetine might have significantly greater efficacy than IR-methylphenidate in terms of improving spatial planning (SOC). Our results provide evidence to support that both IR-methylphenidate and atomoxetine improved various executive functions in adults with ADHD with greater improvement in atomoxetine than IR-methylphenidate in spatial planning.
Do residents need end-of-life care training?
Authors: Litauska Agata Marszalek , Kozikowski Andrzej , Nouryan Christian N. , Kline Myriam , Pekmezaris Renee , Wolf-Klein Gisele 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:As medical education evolves, emphasis on chronic care management within the medical curriculum becomes essential. Because of the consistent lack of appropriate end-of-life care training, far too many patients die without the benefits of hospice care. This study explores the association between physician knowledge, training status, and level of comfort with hospice care referral of terminally ill patients.Method:In 2011, anonymous surveys were distributed to physicians in postgraduate years 1, 2, and 3; fellows; hospital attending physicians; specialists; and other healthcare professionals in five hospitals of a large health system in New York. Demographic comparisons were performed using χ2 and Fisher's exact tests. Spearman correlations were calculated to determine if professional status and experience were associated with comfort and knowledge discussing end-of-life topics with terminal patients.Results:The sample consisted of 280 participants (46.7% response rate). Almost a quarter (22%) did not know key hospice referral criteria. Although 88% of respondents felt that knowledge of hospice care is an important competence, 53.2% still relinquished advance directives discussion to emergency room (ER) physicians. Fear of patient/family anger was the most frequently reported hospice referral barrier, although 96% of physicians rarely experienced reprisals. Physician comfort level discussing end-of-life issues and hospice referral was significantly associated with the number of years practicing medicine and professional status.Significance of results:Physicians continue to relinquish end-of-life care to ER staff and palliative care consultants. Exploring unfounded and preconceived fears associated with hospice referral needs to be integrated into the curriculum, to prepare future generations of physicians. Medical education should focus on delivering the right amount of end-of-life care training, at the right time, within the medical school and residency curriculum.
Cognitive control dysfunction and abnormal frontal cortex activation in stimulant drug users and their biological siblings
Authors: Smith D G , Jones P S , Bullmore E T , Robbins T W , Ersche K D 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCognitive and neural abnormalities are known to accompany chronic drug abuse, with impairments in cognition and changes in cortical structure seen in stimulant-dependent individuals. However, premorbid differences have also been observed in the brains and behavior of individuals at risk for substance abuse, before they develop dependence. Endophenotype research has emerged as a useful method for assessing preclinical traits that may be risk factors for pathology by studying patient populations and their undiagnosed first-degree relatives. This study used the color-word Stroop task to assess executive functioning in stimulant-dependent individuals, their unaffected biological siblings and unrelated healthy control volunteers using a functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm. Both the stimulant-dependent and sibling participants demonstrated impairments in cognitive control and processing speed on the task, registering significantly longer response latencies. However, the two groups generated very different neural responses, with the sibling participants exhibiting a significant decrease in activation in the inferior frontal gyrus compared with both stimulant-dependent individuals and control participants. Both target groups also demonstrated a decrease in hemispheric laterality throughout the task, exhibiting a disproportionate increase in right hemispheric activation, which was associated with their behavioral inefficiencies. These findings not only suggest a possible risk factor for stimulant abuse of poor inhibitory control and cortical inefficiency but they also demonstrate possible adaptations in the brains of stimulant users.
Ribonucleolytic resection is required for repair of strand displaced nonhomologous end-joining intermediates
Authors: Bartlett Edward J. , Brissett Nigel C. , Doherty Aidan J. 
Published: May 2013

Significance
Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is a major DNA-break repair pathway in eukaryotes and prokaryotes but is assumed to be absent in archaea. This study establishes that a functionally homologous pathway is present in archaea. We have reconstituted archaeal NHEJ repair in vitro, demonstrating that it is closely related to the bacterial apparatus and preferentially repairs breaks using RNA intermediates. We identify a role for a functionally unascribed nuclease in preventing the accumulation of genotoxic repair intermediates produced by strand displacement. This study has important implications for our understanding of the mechanisms of DNA-break repair by NHEJ and the evolution of end-joining pathways.
Prevalence of Colonization and Infection with Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusand Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcusand ofClostridium difficileInfection in Canadian Hospitals
Authors: Simor Andrew E. , Williams Victoria , McGeer Allison , Raboud Janet , Larios Oscar , Weiss Karl , Hirji Zahir , Laing Felicia , Moore Christine , Gravel Denise ,   Community and Hospital Infection Control Association–Canada
Published: May 2013

Objective.To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), andClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) in Canadian hospitals.Design.National point prevalence survey in November 2010.Setting.Canadian acute care hospitals with at least 50 beds.Patients.Adult inpatients colonized or infected with MRSA or VRE or with CDI.Methods.The prevalence (per 100 inpatients) of MRSA, VRE, and CDI was determined. Associations between prevalence and institutional characteristics and infection control policies were evaluated.Results.One hundred seventy-six hospitals (65% of those eligible) participated. The median (range) prevalence rates for MRSA and VRE colonization or infection and CDI were 4.2% (0%–22.1%), 0.5% (0%–13.1%), and 0.9% (0%–8.6%), respectively. Median MRSA and VRE infection rates were low (0.3% and 0%, respectively). MRSA, VRE, and CDI were thought to have been healthcare associated in 79%, 96%, and 84% of cases, respectively. In multivariable analysis, routine use of a private room for colonized/infected patients was associated with lower median MRSA infection rate (prevalence ratio [PR], 0.44 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22–0.88]) and VRE prevalence (PR, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.12–0.57]). Lower VRE rates were also associated with enhanced environmental cleaning (PR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.36–0.75]). Higher bed occupancy rates were associated with higher rates of CDI (PR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01–1.03]).Conclusions.These data provide the first national prevalence estimates for MRSA, VRE, and CDI in Canadian hospitals. Certain infection prevention and control policies were found to be associated with prevalence and deserve further investigation.