bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of astrocyte‐like cells in an adult ascidian during regeneration of the central nervous system
Authors: Medina Bianca Nicole Santos Paes , Portal Taynan Motta , de Andrade Gomes Carlos Augusto Borges , Nunes‐da‐Fonseca Rodrigo , Allodi Silvana , Monteiro‐de‐Barros Cintia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying regeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) following lesions have been studied extensively in both vertebrate and invertebrate models. To shed light on regeneration, ascidians, a sister group of vertebrates and with remarkable ability to regenerate their brains, constitute an appropriate model system. Glial cells have been implicated in regeneration in vertebrates; however, their role in the adult ascidian CNS regeneration is unknown. A model of degeneration and regeneration using the neurotoxin 3‐acetylpyridine (3AP) in the brain of the ascidian Styela plicata was used to identify astrocyte‐like cells and investigate their role. We studied the CNS of control ascidians (injected with artificial sea water) and of ascidians whose CNS was regenerating (1 and 10 days after the injection with 3AP). Our results show that the mRNA of the ortholog of glutamine synthetase (GS), a glial‐cell marker in vertebrates, is increased during the early stages of regeneration. Confirming the identity of GS, the protein was identified via immunostaining in a cell population during the same regeneration stage. Last, a single ortholog of GS (GSII) is present in ascidian and amphioxus genomes, while two types exist in fungi, some invertebrates, and vertebrates, suggesting that ascidians have lost the GSI type. Taken together, our findings revealed that a cell population expressing glial‐cell markers may play a role in regeneration in adult ascidians. This is the first report of astrocyte‐like cells in the adult ascidian CNS, and contributes to understanding of the evolution of glial cells among metazoans.
Development of a brief assessment tool to identify children with probable anxiety disorders
Authors: Reardon Tessa , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Ball Susan , Brown Paul , Ford Tamsin , Gray Alastair , Hill Claire , Jasper Bec , Larkin Michael , Macdonald Ian , Morgan Fran , Sancho Michelle , Sniehotta Falko F. , Spence Susan H. , Stainer Jason , Stallard Paul , Violato Mara , iCATS Team  , Creswell Cathy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDifficulties identifying anxiety disorders in primary‐school aged children present significant barriers to timely access to support and intervention. This study aimed to develop a brief assessment tool that can identify children with anxiety disorders in community settings, with a high level of sensitivity and specificity.MethodsChildren (aged 8–11 years), and their parents/carers and teachers from 19 primary/junior schools in England each completed a pool of questionnaire items that assessed child anxiety symptoms and associated impact. Diagnostic assessments (Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule for Children: Child and Parent interviews) were administered by independent assessors to determine the presence/absence of anxiety disorders in children. We created alternative candidate brief child‐, parent‐, teacher‐report questionnaires consisting of the ‘best’ items selected from the wider pool of completed items. We used exploratory factor analysis to reduce the item pool, and multivariable backward elimination logistic regression to identify items that were the strongest predictors of the presence/absence of an anxiety disorder.ResultsParents/carers of 646 children provided consent; child/parent/teacher‐report questionnaires were collected for 582/646/565 children respectively; and diagnostic outcome data were collected for 463 children. None of the brief child‐ nor teacher‐report questionnaires achieved acceptable sensitivity/specificity (<75%). Parent‐report questionnaires including between 2 and 9 items that assess anxiety symptoms and/or associated impact achieved acceptable sensitivity and specificity (≥75%).ConclusionsThe two‐item parent‐report measure that assesses distress and impairment associated with anxiety brings the advantage of brevity and has the potential to be used in community settings to improve identification of children with anxiety disorders.
New paradigms to break barriers in early cancer detection for improved prognosis and treatment outcomes
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Sharma M. K. , S Renuka Jyothi , Hjazi Ahmed , Mohammed Jaafaru Sani , Sinha Aashna , Zwamel Ahmed Hussein , Hamzah Hamza Fadhel , Mohammed Bahira Abdulrazzaq 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe uncontrolled growth and spread of cancerous cells beyond their usual boundaries into surrounding tissues characterizes cancer. In developed countries, cancer is the leading cause of death, while in underdeveloped nations, it ranks second. Using existing cancer diagnostic tools has increased early detection rates, which is crucial for effective cancer treatment. In recent decades, there has been significant progress in cancer‐specific survival rates owing to advances in cancer detection and treatment. The ability to accurately identify precursor lesions is a crucial aspect of effective cancer screening programs, as it enables early treatment initiation, leading to lower long‐term incidence of invasive cancer and improved overall prognosis. However, these diagnostic methods have limitations, such as high costs and technical challenges, which can make accurate diagnosis of certain deep‐seated tumors difficult. To achieve accurate cancer diagnosis and prognosis, it is essential to continue developing cutting‐edge technologies in molecular biology and cancer imaging.
Value of Two‐Dimensional Shear‐Wave Elastography in Differentiating Pancreatic Steatosis From Pancreatic Fibrosis
Authors: Chen Zhenzhen , Wang Huiyang , Jiang Tian'an 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesPancreatic steatosis (PS) and pancreatic fibrosis (PF) both show increased pancreatic echogenicity on conventional B‐mode ultrasound. In this study, we assessed the applicability of two‐dimensional shear‐wave elastography (2D‐SWE) for their discrimination.MethodsWe gathered data from 120 adults with valid 2D‐SWE measurements, comprising 40 healthy individuals, 55 individuals diagnosed with PS via non‐enhanced computed tomography (CT), and 25 patients clinically diagnosed with non‐calcific chronic pancreatitis. The participants were divided into three groups: normal pancreas (NP), PS, and PF. pancreatic echogenicity, pancreatic stiffness, and CT values between groups were analyzed.ResultsThe 2D‐SWE and CT values among the NP, PS, and PF groups all showed significant differences (P < .001). For the diagnosis of PS and PF using 2D‐SWE, the area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.9100 and 0.9940, respectively, with optimal cut‐off values of 5.7 kPa for predicting PS and 8.2 kPa for predicting PF.ConclusionsThe 2D‐SWE technique enabled rapid and quantitative assessment of the hardness of hyperechoic pancreas visualized on conventional B‐mode ultrasound, which holds certain value in distinguishing PS from PF.
Powering Organic Flexible Optical Waveguides and Circuits via Focused Micro‐LEDs for Visible Light Communication
Authors: Khapre Ankur , Kumar Avulu Vinod , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe utilization of organic crystals in visible light communication (VLC) technologies necessitates affordable light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) as sources to run photonic devices. A sustainable strategy is demonstrated utilizing a commercial ultravoilet (UV) LED source to power flexible crystal waveguides of (Z)‐3‐(3′,5′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)‐2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) acrylonitrile (CF3OMe), 9,10‐bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA), and 2,2′‐((1E,1′E)‐hydrazine‐1,2‐diylidenebis(methaneylylidene))diphenol (SAA), transducing their respective blue, orange, and yellow fluorescence signals. The focused LED's capability includes i) exciting extremely bent crystal waveguides, ii) evanescently exciting SAA waveguide via energy transfer from a CF3OMe waveguide, and iii) selectively exciting and splitting various signals using a 2 × 2 hybrid directional coupler based on SAA‐BPEA crystals. These demonstrations underscore the practicality of the proposed technique for sustainable applications in photonic systems related to VLC.
Color Holographic Display Based on Complex‐Amplitude Metasurface
Authors: Yin Yongyao , Jiang Qiang , Wang Hongbo , Huang Lingling 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHolography is an ideal solution for truly 3D display. Complex‐amplitude hologram can realize high quality reconstructions compared to amplitude‐only hologram and phase‐only hologram. It is difficult for conventional spatial light modulators to achieve complex‐amplitude holographic display while ensuring temporal and spatial resolution, let alone color complex‐amplitude holographic display. Benefiting from the subwavelength pixel size and the powerful multi‐dimensional electromagnetic wave control capabilities, a few metasurface hologram with large viewing angle, high resolution, and no high‐order diffraction crosstalk based on complex‐amplitude control have been studied and realized. Nevertheless, colorful complex‐amplitude metasurface holography at visible frequency has not been implemented yet. Here a complex‐amplitude dual‐wavelength metasurface holography is proposed by using a single cross‐shaped meta‐atom. The polarization conversion efficiency of each wavelength channel is controlled by adjusting the geometric size, while the phase value from 0 to 2π is manipulated based on the Pancharatnam–Berry(PB) phase by rotating the meta‐atom. Without spatial multiplexing, the high‐resolution property of the metasurface is retained. The designed metasurface achieves dual‐color holographic display in the far‐field and the experimental results agree well with the simulation results. The proposed metasurface opens a pathway for high quality color holographic displays and other applications that require complex‐amplitude modulation at different wavelengths.
Si/Polymer/Natural Drug Materials Prepared by Sol–Gel Route: Study of Release and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Viola Veronica , D'Angelo Antonio , Piccirillo Anna Maria , Catauro Michelina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aims to develop a new class of versatile silica‐based materials for medical applications, synthesized via the sol–gel method. Different molecules are incorporated into the silica matrix to improve its biological properties and to use these materials as better‐performing implants. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is added to silica‐based materials to improve biocompatibility, increase hydrophilicity, and enhance cellular adhesion and growth. The effect of loading the silica/PEG matrix with chlorogenic acid (CGA), a natural compound present in different types of plants, is investigated to understand how the material is affected. The interactions among different components in the hybrid materials are studied by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the materials are encapsulated in 2% w/v of alginate to evaluate the different releases of CGA, using UV‐Vis Spectrophotometer. Finally, antimicrobial assessment against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa of the several hybrids is observed by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition.
Alginate‐Based Emulsion Micro‐Spheres as 5‐Fluorouracil Carriers
Authors: Marudova Maria , Milenkova Sofia , Zahariev Nikolay , Pilicheva Bissera , Yovcheva Temenzhka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate the potential of alginate microspheres, formulated by emulsion technique, as a drug delivery system for 5‐Fluorouracil. Three different concentrations of alginate, namely 1%, 2%, and 3%, are used in the synthesis. The spheres are characterized in terms of their size, morphology, process yield, and loading efficiency. Based on these parameters, the model formulated from 1% alginate is chosen and loaded with different concentrations of 5‐Fluorouracil achieving polymer to drug mass ratios 2:1, 4:1, and 6:1. The release process of the drug is completed in 3 h, showing burst effect for all models. The faster release from Model 2:1 is associated with the biggest drug amount and its accumulation on the periphery of the spheres.
Residual Stress in Polymeric Composites During Curing
Authors: Verde Raffaele , Grassia Luigi , D'Amore Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA numerical procedure to simulate the curing process of polymer‐based composites is proposed. This model is applied to a carbon‐epoxy composite at a micromechanical level to predict residual stress at the end of the process and the evolution of the most important process parameters. A finite element model is written in the Ansys APDL environment and comprises two moduli that must be solved consecutively: the thermal–kinetical and structural modules. At each timestep, first thermal/kinetics problem is solved, then the temperature and degree of conversion profile results are used to calculate the viscoelastic properties, allowing the calculation of residual stress.
Fabrication of Synergistically Induced Carbon Fiber/Graphene Reinforced Polydimethylsiloxane Composites with High Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar , D'Amore Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study compares thermal conductivity results of vertically orientated carbon fiber and graphene, polydimethylsiloxane (V‐CFG/PDMS) composites with randomly orientated R‐CFG/PDMS composites and pure PDMS to highlight the impact of aligned structure on thermal conductive properties. The results reveal that, at 25 wt.% filler loading R‐CFG/PDMS composites exhibit a thermal conductivity of 2.68 W m−1 K−1, while V‐CFG/PDMS achieves maximum thermal conductivity of 4.02 W m−1 K−1. This excellent performance of V‐CF/G PDMS can be attributed to the synergistic effects arising from the combination of carbon fiber and graphene.
Electrospray Fabrication of pH‐Responsive Microspheres for the Delivery of Ozoile
Authors: Ciarleglio Gianluca , Russo Tiziana , Vella Serena , Toto Elisa , Santonicola Maria Gabriella 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicrospheres (MSs) made from biocompatible natural polymers with pH‐responsive properties, such as alginate and chitosan, are widely exploited as drug delivery systems. In this work, pH‐responsive MS based on alginate/chitosan hydrogels is developed and applied as carriers of Ozoile, a stable ozonide. Ozoile is a bioactive formulation obtained by ozonation of biological olive oil, which is capable of inducing the expression of different genes that are involved in the process of tissue regeneration. The MS containing Ozoile is prepared using an electrospray (ES) technique from alginate/Ozoile emulsions. The MSs are optimized with a chitosan coating to improve their stability and degradation behavior, and so to control the release of Ozoile in time. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, swelling, and degradation analyses are conducted and results use to assess the potential use of the alginate‐based MS for the therapeutic release of Ozoile at specific inflammatory sites.
Characterization of Sequential Trial‐Curable Off‐Stoichiometric Amine‐Epoxy Thermosets with Ionic Liquids
Authors: Dlugaj Anna M. , de Vita Corrado , Arrabiyeh Peter A. , May David 
Published: August 2024

This work aims to develop sequential trial‐curable off‐stoichiometric thermosets, patterning the approach upon the dual‐curing processing, which is a promising method to tailor material properties by combining two polymerization reactions. The presented epoxy resin systems are based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DG) as an epoxy resin, Gaskamine 240 (G) as a low‐temperature amine curing agent, and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide (IL) as an ionic liquid, which is known by its potential efficient latency. Therefore, three curing polymerization reactions take place, in contrast to common dual‐curable formulations. In this study, the target is to still separate the first curing process – which is the epoxy‐amine condensation reaction – from the remaining two curing processes, which are triggered by IL. The trial‐curable systems offer the possibility to achieve different intermediate materials, from highly viscous through shape‐conformable to rigid. This is attained by changing the relative contribution of the first and the other two curing steps, e.g. the change in the amount of G. Another motivation to use IL is to enhance the glass transition temperature of final samples; the values are between 84.4 and 152.2 °C.
Hydrothermal Approach to (Co, Zr) Co‐Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis: Structural and Magnetic Characterization
Authors: Yaqoob Saba , Ali Zulfiqar , D'Amore Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the hydrothermal synthesis of (Co, Zr) co‐doped iron oxide nanoparticles, varying the synthesis for 4 and 6 h at 150 °C. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis discloses crystalline sizes from 16 to 24 nm. Magnetic characterization through vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) indicates ferromagnetic behavior, as shown by magnetic hysteresis (MH) loops, with a maximal magnetic saturation of approximately 40 emu g−1 achieved in samples subjected to a 6‐h reaction time. This highlights the critical influence of the 6‐h duration in optimizing the magnetic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles.
Correlation Between Local and Bulk Relaxation Phenomena in Glassy Polystyrene
Authors: Grassia Luigi , D'Amore Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe intermolecular forces are of great importance to scientists in a wide field of disciplines as the progress of interactions between molecules determines the bulk properties of substances. It is a matter of fact that the approximation of thermodynamic and transport properties of polymers requires a realistic intermolecular potential associated with the topological constraints of the matter, namely the specific one‐to‐one secondary interactions between molecular groups. The out‐of‐equilibrium volume relaxation in glassy polymers remains confined to the phenomenological observation of bulk properties. The Lennard‐Jones (LJ)‐type potentials and the Tait equation are compared in this communication. It is shown that the subtle relaxation responses observed in glassy polymers can be suitably described using both the local (LJ) interactions and the phenomenological Tait equation for bulk behavior. The approach is based on the oversimplified assumption that the volume relaxation phenomena are the isotropic manifestation of random relaxations of local directional interactions of secondary bonds. The results appear surprisingly appealing, given the straightforward approach.
Development of Recycled PET Core Materials for the Manufacturing of Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Composites in Sandwich Form
Authors: Başer Gülnur , Kabaca Rümeysa Zeynep , Kılıç Sefa Enes 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the structural performance of recycled PET foams that are developed as a core material from PET wastes from core‐kit manufacturing process is studied. Compression molding under heat method is used to manufacture recycled PET cores by using waste PET foam powders. Unsaturated polyester resin is used as a binder to collect and bond PET powders to get a compact form. Binder is mixed with waste PET powder and the blend is compressed under the heat with a pressure in a mold. The various powder/binder mixing ratios as 50/50, 60/40, and 78/22 are used to see effect of mixing ratio on density and flexural strength. Moreover, waste short glass fibers are added to mixture to increase strength of core material. The results reveal that flexural strength and density decreases with the increasing of powder content in mixing. In addition, it is noticed that sandwich composite structure prepared with recycled cores shows better bending and shear properties than those of sandwich composites prepared with virgin foam core materials. The results presented here may serve as utilization of foam core wastes from core‐kit manufacturing process by recycling via compression molding applications.
Gravure Printed Composites Based on Lithium Manganese Oxide: A Study Case for Li‐Ion Batteries Manufacturing
Authors: Montanino Maria , Paoletti Claudia , De Girolamo Del Mauro Anna , Sico Giuliano 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimed by the increasing interest in the field of printed batteries, the study recently has demonstrated the possibility to successfully gravure print composites working as electrodes for Li‐ion batteries. Gravure is one of the most appealing printing technique for the mass production of functional layers due to its unique ability to couple high speed and high resolution. The ink formulation is challenging because of the low viscosity ink requirement which makes difficult to obtain the proper functionality of the layer, especially in case of composite materials like electrodes, and a mass loading suitable for practical applications. Changing a material of the composite implies the study of a new gravure ink in terms of formulation and preparation process. Ruling the ink preparation can strongly decrease the process time promoting the industrial use of the gravure printing. For this reason, the study proposes a methodology, mainly based on the capillary number, able to suggest the best receipt for each specific ink. Here, a study case is reported, using lithium manganese oxide (LMO) as active material for the gravure printed cathode manufacturing. Such work gives the possibility to show the proposed methodology for ruling the ink preparation.
BDD‐based optimized majority/minority gate using electro‐optic Mach‐Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Chattopadhyay Tanay 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this article, an optical majority/minority circuit has been designed using four electro‐optic Mach‐Zehnder interferometers. The binary decision diagram (BDD) is used to optimize the Boolean logical expression. In this design we get two outputs, one performs majority logic and the other performs minority logic simultaneously. Numerical simulation has been done with the obtained data from the beam propagation method. Pseudo‐eye diagram is also plotted to find amplitude modulation (AM) and extinction ratio (ER). AM and ER are found nearly 0.4 and 13 dB, respectively. A new parameter, the optical circuit complexity factor (OCC) factor has been calculated and from the result, it has been shown that the proposed design is more optimized than other majority/minority gate designs so far.