bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sticky situation: best practice to secure endotracheal tubes in the operating room
Authors: Davies Adam , Murphy Meagan , Monaghan W. Patrick Monaghan , Cushenbery Cameron 
Published: February 2014

Background: Tape is the standard means of securing endotracheal tubes in the surgical environment to prevent accidental extubation. This study utilizes a mannequin model to examine the amount of force required to dislodge endotracheal tubes secured with four different varieties of commercially available tape and three different taping methods. This study also incorporates different angles of applied force and varying mannequin positions to simulate conditions often encountered in the operating room. Methods: An airway trainer mannequin was intubated using a standard cuffed endotracheal tube and secured with one of four varieties of tape and one of three taping methods in randomly assigned order. The mannequin was placed in either the supine, lateral, or prone position. The endotracheal tube was then attached to a digital force meter and constant manual force applied in one of three planes (laterally to right, vertically, or laterally to left) until the cuff was removed from the trachea. Force measurements were recorded and analyzed. Results: Securing the endotracheal tube to both the maxillary and mandibular borders with Durapore™ silk tape held the endotracheal tube in the strongest, requiring the greatest force to dislodge it from the airway. Angle of force also showed statistical significance. Conclusions: The amount of force required to dislodge endotracheal tubes is affected by tape type, taping method, and direction of force. Durapore™ silk tape applied to both maxillary and mandibular borders was superior at holding the endotracheal tube in place when compared to other tape varieties and taping methods. Keywords: Airway control, airway extubation, airway management, intubation, endotracheal intubation.
Effect of Pulsed Electric Field on Microstructure of Some Amino Acid Group of Soy Protein Isolates
Authors: Liu Yan-Yan , Zhang Ying , Zeng Xin-An , El-Mashad H. , Pan Zhong-Li , Wang Qi-Jun 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The effect of a pulsed electric field (PEF) on the microstructure of some amino acids was studied. Raman spectrum was used to determine the effect of PEF on tyrosine, tryptophan, proline residues, histidine, arginine, aliphatic amino acid, disulfide bond, and polypeptide backbone in soy protein isolates (SPI). Results suggested that increasing the intensity of PEF gradually to 50 kV cm−1 led to a reduction in gauche C–S conformation of CCSSCC dihedral angles. The increase of the PEF intensity caused an increase in the gauche–gauche–gauche conformation of the disulfide bond accompanying a decrease in α-helix and β-sheet and an increase in antiparallel β-sheet and disorder structure. A critical pulse intensity of 30 kV cm−1 was observed for unfolding and reassembling of SPI, which was verified in our previous study (Liu et al., Eur Food Res Technol 233:841–50). When the pulse intensity gradually increased to around 30 kV cm−1, the exposure of tyrosine and tryptophan, the vibration of CH2 wagging in proline and CH2 in the midazole ring of histidine, the vibration of C—H bending and C—N stretching inside a charged arginine, and asymmetric H—C—H bending deformation vibration in CH2 and CH3 groups in aromatic and aliphatic amino acids gradually increased, suggesting an unfolding of protein molecules. When the pulse intensity continually increased from 30 to 50 kV cm−1, the microstructure of all above amino acids decreased due to the reassembly of unfolding proteins.
Photo-neutron cross-section of 96Zr using bremsstrahlung radiation with end point energies of 10 and 12.5 MeV
Authors: Crasta Rita , Naik H. , Suryanarayana S. V. , Sanjeev Ganesh , Prajapati P. M. , Kumar M. , Nathaniel T. N. , Nimje V. T. , Mittal K. C. , Goswami A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The 96Zr(γ, n)95Zr reaction cross-section was experimentally determined at end point bremsstrahlung
energies of 10 and 12.5 MeV using off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The cross-section increases sharply from
the end point energy of 10 to 12.5 MeV, which indicates the role of excitation energy. The reaction cross-section as
a function of photon energy was also calculated theoretically using the TALYS 1.2 computer code. The flux weighted average value of the
96Zr(γ, n)95Zr reaction cross-section for the end-point bremsstrahlung energies of 10 and
12.5 MeV was also calculated using the experimental and theoretical data of mono-energetic photons to compare with the
present data. The cross-section given in the present work at end- point bremsstrahlung energy of 10 MeV is closer to the
flux-weighted value of TALYS but higher than the literature data. On the other hand, at 12.5 MeV, it is higher than the
flux weighted value of TALYS and the literature data.
Particulate air pollution and cardiovascular disease – it is time to take it seriously
Authors: Jalaludin Bin , Cowie Christine 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Worldwide, there were over 3 million deaths attributable to exposure to excessive levels of particulate air pollution in 2010. This is similar to the number of deaths attributable to high blood sugar (3.4 million) but less than the number of deaths attributed to smoking (5.7 million) and excessive alcohol consumption (5.0 million). Globally, ambient particulate air pollution was the ninth leading cause of premature deaths, and most of the disease attributable to exposure to ambient particulate air pollution is cardiovascular disease. Short-term and long-term exposures to outdoor particulate matter pollution are associated with a range of adverse cardiovascular health effects such as heart rate variability, development of atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and deaths. Despite this, there is not the same recognition of particulate air pollution as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality compared to the more established risk factors such as cigarette smoking and hypertension. It is now time to reevaluate the contribution of particulate air pollution to cardiovascular disease.
DIAGNOSIS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Quantification of cancer risk of each clinical and ultrasonographic suspicious feature of thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Campanella Paolo , Ianni Francesca , Rota Carlo Antonio , Corsello Salvatore Maria , Pontecorvi Alfredo 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveIn order to quantify the risk of malignancy of clinical and ultrasonographic features of thyroid nodules (TNs), we did a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies.MethodsWe did a literature search in MEDLINE for studies published from 1st January 1989 until 31st December 2012. Studies were considered eligible if they investigated the association between at least one clinical/ultrasonographic feature and the risk of malignancy, did not have exclusion criteria for the detected nodules, had histologically confirmed the diagnoses of malignancy, and had a univariable analysis available. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics and outcomes.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 41 studies, for a total of 29 678 TN. A higher risk of malignancy expressed in odds ratio (OR) was found for the following: nodule height greater than width (OR: 10.15), absent halo sign (OR: 7.14), microcalcifications (OR: 6.76), irregular margins (OR: 6.12), hypoechogenicity (OR: 5.07), solid nodule structure (OR: 4.69), intranodular vascularization (OR: 3.76), family history of thyroid carcinoma (OR: 2.29), nodule size ≥4 cm (OR: 1.63), single nodule (OR: 1.43), history of head/neck irradiation (OR: 1.29), and male gender (OR: 1.22).Interestingly, meta-regression analysis showed a higher risk of malignancy for hypoechoic nodules in iodine-sufficient than in iodine-deficient geographical areas.ConclusionsThe current meta-analysis verified and weighed out each suspicious clinical and ultrasonographic TN feature. The highest risk was found for nodule height greater than width, absent halo sign, and microcalcifications for ultrasonographic features and family history of thyroid carcinoma for clinical features. A meta-analysis-derived grading system of TN malignancy risk, validated on a large prospective cohort, could be a useful tool in TN diagnostic work-up.
Changes in Neck and Back Pain, Cervical Range of Motion and Cervical and Lumbar Flexion‐relaxation Ratios after Below‐knee Assembly Work
Authors: Shin Seung‐Je , Yoo Won‐Gyu 
Published: February 2014

Changes in Neck and Back Pain, Cervical Range of Motion and Cervical and Lumbar Flexionrelaxation Ratios after Below‐knee Assembly Work: Seung‐je SHIN, et al. Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Inje University, Republic of Korea—ObjectivesThis study examined the changes in neck and back pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores, cervical range of motion (CROM), cervical flexion‐relaxation ratio (FRR) and lumbar FRR after below‐knee assembly work.MethodsFifteen young male workers were recruited. Neck and back pain VAS scores, active CROM and cervical and lumbar FRRs were measured in all subjects once before and once after 10 minutes of below‐knee assembly work.ResultsThe VAS scores for both neck and back pain increased significantly with below‐knee assembly work. The CROM for all measures decreased significantly with below‐knee assembly work. Both the cervical and lumbar FRRs on the left and right sides decreased significantly with below‐knee assembly work.ConclusionsWe postulate that 10 minutes of below‐knee assembly work can increase neck and back pain and cause changes in the active CROM and cervical and lumbar FRRs.
Personal, Biomechanical, Organizational and Psychosocial Risk Factors for Neck Disorders in a Working Population
Authors: Petit Audrey , Ha Catherine , Bodin Julie , Parot‐Schinkel Elsa , Ramond Aline , Leclerc Annette , Imbernon Ellen , Roquelaure Yves 
Published: February 2014

Personal, Biomechanical, Organizational and Psychosocial Risk Factors for Neck Disorders in a Working Population: Audrey PETIT, et al. LUNAM University, Laboratory of Ergonomics and Epidemiology in Occupational health, (LEEST), University of Angers, Faculty of Medicine, France—ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess both personal and occupational risk factors for non‐specific neck disorder (ND) in a representative working population characterized by various levels of exposure to work‐related constraints. ND during the preceding 7 days was assessed in 3,710 workers surveyed by 83 occupational physicians between 2002 and 2005. Personal risk factors and work exposure were assessed by a standardized examination and a self‐administered questionnaire. Associations between ND and personal and occupational factors were analyzed using logistic regression modeling separately in men and in women.ResultsThe personal risk factors for ND were age (OR for 1‐year increment 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03 in men and 1.03 [1.01−1.04] in women) and previous history of arthritis disease (OR 2.39 [1.17−4.91] in men and 3.95 [1.92−8.12] in women). The risk of ND increased with previous history or upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in men (OR 1.58 [1.17−2.13]) and decreased with BMI in women (OR for 1‐kg/m2increment 0.96, [0.93−0.99]). The work‐related risk factors of ND were sustained or repeated arm abduction (OR 2.08 [1.35−3.21] in men and 2.22 [1.27−3.86] in women) and neck flexion (OR 1.64 [1.26−2.12] in women). Work pace dependent on customers (OR 1.42 [1.10−1.83]) and psychological demand of the task (OR 1.49 [1.15−1.92]) increased the risk of ND in men. Work pace dependent on quantified targets (OR 1.37 [1.05−1.79]) and low supervisor support (OR 1.68 [1.30−2.17] ) increased the risk of ND in women. This study highlighted the multifactorial nature of ND.
Novel Silicone-Epoxy Composites for Dental Restorations
Authors: Ren Liyun , Pandit Vaibhav , Mixon Amanda , James Crivello , Kotha Shiva P. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA novel silicone-epoxy oligomer was synthesized and evaluated for its use as the polymer in photopolymerizable dental composites. This synthesized oligomer contained rigid and non-rigid groups with 1-8 epoxy functionalities as characterized using 1H NMR and 29Si NMR and MALDI-TOF analysis. In comparison to the traditional BisGMA/TEGDMA monomer system, the photo-polymerized silicone-epoxy demonstrated significantly improved material properties (148% greater elastic modulus, 12% greater ultimate strength, 48% greater fracture toughness), as well as 61% lower polymerization shrinkage and 58% lower polymerization stresses. Furthermore, the silicone-epoxy system demonstrated enhanced resistance to degradation of its material properties after accelerated (24hr) aging, i.e. exposure to severe hydrolytic (boiling in ethanol at 100 ᵒC), oxidative (exposed to 5% H2O2), and low pH (0.05M acetic acid) stress. Under these conditions, the properties of conventional BisGMA/TEGDMA systems deteriorated by 22-47%, while the properties of the silicone-epoxy composites decreased by 2-10%. Bisphosphonate additives enhanced the precipitation of mineral in a dose-dependent manner, but inhibited polymerization due to interactions with epoxy groups. Bisphosphonate additives also dose-dependently demonstrated anti-bacterial efficacy as demonstrated using live-dead, MTT and crystral violet assays. The silicone-epoxy polymer was demonstrated to be biocompatible when compared to tissue culture plastic. When calcium fluoride was incorporated into this system, fluoride was found to be released quantities significant enough to engender anti-bacterial effects. In summary, the designed multifunctional dental resin exhibits higher stability as demonstrated by lower chemical, mechanical and enzymatic degradation.
Sur un 'sol tropical' a base d'argilites ferrugineuses, sous-jacent a l'Oligocene varoise, et sur son extension
Authors: Deschamps Marc , Touraine Fernand 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Laterization, Ludian, clay mineralogy, DTA, x-ray diffraction analysis, similarity of infra-Oligocene argillites and Cretaceous bauxites, France
Association of Functional Decline With Subsequent Diabetes Incidence in U.S. Adults Aged 51 Years and Older: The Health and Retirement Study 1998–2010
Authors: Bardenheier Barbara H. , Gregg Edward W. , Zhuo Xiaohui , Cheng Yiling J. , Geiss Linda S. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE
We assessed whether functional decline and physical disability increase the subsequent risk of diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used a subsample of adults aged 51 years and older with no diabetes at baseline who were followed up to 12 years (1998–2010) in the Health and Retirement Study, an observational study of a nationally representative survey. We assessed baseline disability status and incident disability with subsequent risk of diabetes, accounting for death as a competing risk and controlling for BMI, age, sex, race/ethnicity, net wealth, mother’s level of education, respondents’ level of education, and time of follow-up. Disability was defined as none, mild, moderate, and severe, based on a validated scale of mobility measures. Diabetes was identified by self-report of a diagnosis from a doctor. Population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated to assess the percentage of diabetes cases that were attributable to mobility disability.

RESULTS
The sample included 22,878 adults with an average of 8.7 years of follow-up; 9,649 (41.2%) reported some level of disability at baseline, and 8,175 (35.7%) additional participants developed disability during follow-up; 3,546 (15.5%) participants developed diabetes; and 5,869 (25.6%) died. Regression analyses found a statistically significant dose–response relationship of increased risk of diabetes (28–95%) among those with any level of functional decline, prevalent or incident. Among the subanalytic sample, including incident disability only, the PAF was 6.9% (CI 4.2–9.5).

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest those who become disabled, even mildly, are at increased risk of developing diabetes. This finding raises the possibility that approaches to prevent disability in older adults could also reduce diabetes incidence.
Evaluation of risk factors, including fluconazole administration, for prolonged anesthetic recovery times in horses undergoing general anesthesia for ocular surgery: 81 cases (2006–2013)
Authors: Krein Stephanie R. , Lindsey Jane C. , Blaze Cheryl A. , Wetmore Lois A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine risk factors for prolonged anesthetic recovery time in horses that underwent general anesthesia for ocular surgery.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—81 horses that underwent general anesthesia for ocular surgery between 2006 and 2013.
Procedures—Descriptive information recorded included the ocular procedure performed, concurrent fluconazole treatments, analgesic and anesthetic agents administered, procedure duration, use of sedation for recovery, and recovery time. Data were analyzed for associations between recovery time and other variables.
Results—81 horses met inclusion criteria. In 72 horses, anesthesia was induced with ketamine and midazolam; 16 horses treated concurrently with fluconazole had significantly longer mean recovery time (109 minutes [95% confidence interval {CI}, 94 to 124 minutes]) than did 56 horses that were not treated with fluconazole (50 minutes [95% CI, 44 to 55 minutes]). In 9 horses anesthetized with a protocol that included ketamine but did not include midazolam, there was no difference between mean recovery time in horses that either received (59 minutes [95% CI, 36 to 81 minutes]; n = 5) or did not receive (42 minutes [95% CI, 16 to 68 minutes]; 4) fluconazole. Other variables identified as risk factors for prolonged recovery included duration of anesthesia and use of acepromazine for premedication.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Fluconazole administration was associated with prolonged anesthetic recovery time in horses when ketamine and midazolam were used to induce anesthesia for ocular surgery. Duration of anesthesia and premedication with acepromazine were also identified as risk factors for prolonged recovery time.
Mapping vegetation communities of the Karkonosze National Park using APEX hyperspectral data and Support Vector Machines
Authors: Marcinkowska Adriana , Zagajewski Bogdan , Ochtyra Adrian , Jarocińska Anna , Raczko Edwin , Kupková Lucie , Stych Premysl , Meuleman Koen 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This research aims to discover the potential of hyperspectral remote sensing data for mapping mountain vegetation ecosystems. First, the importance of mountain ecosystems to the global system should be stressed due to mountainous ecosystems forming a very sensitive indicator of global climate change. Furthermore, a variety of biotic and abiotic factors influence the spatial distribution of vegetation in the mountains, producing a diverse mosaic leading to high biodiversity.
The research area covers the Szrenica Mount region on the border between Poland and the Czech Republic - the most important part of the Western Karkonosze and one of the main areas in the Karkonosze National Park (M&B Reserve of the UNESCO).
The APEX hyperspectral data that was classified in this study was acquired on 10th September 2012 by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in the framework of the EUFAR HyMountEcos project. This airborne scanner is a 288-channel imaging spectrometer operating in the wavelength range 0.4-2.5 μm.
For reference patterns of forest and non-forest vegetation, maps (provided by the Polish Karkonosze National Park) were chosen. Terrain recognition was based on field walks with a Trimble GeoXT GPS receiver. It allowed test and validation dominant polygons of 15 classes of vegetation communities to be selected, which were used in the Support Vector Machines (SVM) classification. The SVM classifier is a type of machine used for pattern recognition. The result is a post classification map with statistics (total, user, producer accuracies, kappa coefficient and error matrix). Assessment of the statistics shows that almost all the classes were properly recognised, excluding the fern community. The overall classification accuracy is 79.13% and the kappa coefficient is 0.77. This shows that hyperspectral images and remote sensing methods can be support tools for the identification of the dominant plant communities of mountain areas.
L'appel au peuple
Authors: Denquin Jean-Marie 
Published: February 2014

La notion d’appel au peuple est souvent utilisée exclusivement par référence à la doctrine et la pratique bonapartiste. Prise au sens habituel des termes, elle peut aussi désigner des procédures variées : vote par oui ou par non, ou des élections consécutives à une dissolution. Trois fonctions, qui s’interpénètrent, lui sont prêtées : fonder une légitimité, manifester la responsabilité des gouvernants, ou demander un avis. Le fait que l’appel soit une procédure inhabituelle, fruit d’une décision discrétionnaire des détenteurs du pouvoir, crée des ambiguïtés que seule pourrait lever une procédure symétrique d’initiative populaire.
Examining Taiwanese Psychiatric Nurses’ Knowledge and Confidence in Case Management
Authors: Liu Wen I. 
Published: February 2014

Background:
Psychiatric nurses in Taiwan are increasingly required to employ case management strategies for patients with severe mental illness. However, few studies have examined these nurses’ knowledge of case management and identified their unmet educational needs.

Methods:
A national cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine psychiatric nurses’ knowledge of case management and confidence in their case management skills. Structured questionnaires were distributed at an arranged time and using an electronic survey tool. Overall, 424 psychiatric nurses were recruited.

Results:
Participants’ knowledge scores reflected substantial gaps (60% accuracy rate), particularly in basic concepts and case management processes. In addition, the nurses lacked confidence in applying their case management skills. The unmet educational needs of the nurses were related to the skills of assessing resource requirements, conducting referrals, collaborating with service providers, and linking patients to necessary resources. Additionally, 87% of the nurses had no previous education in case management.

Conclusion:

Strategies for enhancing continuing education in case management are required to improve nurses’ knowledge of case management, address their unmet educational needs, and prepare them to serve as case managers.
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2014;45(1):43–48.
Supporting the Mental Health of Children by Treating Mental Illness in Parents
Authors: Kim Sarah Richards , Szigethy Eva , Meltzer-Brody Samantha , Pilowsky Daniel J. , Verhulst Frank 
Published: February 2014

CME Educational Objectives

1.
List parental risk factors for the development of psychopathology in children.

2.
Describe the relationship between treatment of maternal psychopathology and level of child symptomatology.

3.
Understand family risk factors for psychopathology in children with chronic medical illness.

Psychiatrists who treat adult patients with children can practice preventatively by considering the potential impact of treatment interventions on the mental health and resiliency of their patients’ offspring. Parental psychopathology is associated with increased risk of a wide range of social, cognitive, and behavioral problems in children.
1
Genetic and environmental factors likely contribute, although which parental factors influence resilience in children remains largely unknown. Resilience is an interactive phenomenon, and significant heterogeneity exists in the individual child’s response to environmental influences. Despite exposure to serious adversities known to result in negative child outcomes, some children seem to do relatively well. Unraveling protective versus risk factors can help identify determinants of resilience as it relates to both mental and physical health outcomes in offspring.