bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous and mechanically induced Ca2+ activity changes in hESC‐RPE cells during maturation
Authors: Abu Khamidakh A. , Juuti‐Uusitalo K. , Caetano dos Santos F. , Skottman H. , Hyttinen J. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate changes in spontaneous Ca2+ activity and mechanically induced intercellular Ca2+ communication in human embryonic stem cells‐derived retinal pigment epithelium (hESC‐RPE) during maturation.MethodsIn this study, we assessed Ca2+ activity in hESC‐RPE cells cultured for 9 or 28 days. Ca2+ imaging was done using a Ca2+‐sensitive fluorescence dye fluo‐4‐AM. Spontaneous Ca2+ activity and mechanically induced intercellular Ca2+ communication were recorded in control conditions, in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, after depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin, in presence of a gap junction blocker α‐glycyrrhetinic acid and a P2‐receptor blocker suramin.Results9 days cells exhibited twice lower spontaneous Ca2+ activity and 4‐fold higher mechanically induced intercellular Ca2+ communication compared to 28 days cells. Absence of extracellular Ca2+ reduced spontaneous Ca2+ activity in 9 days cells and almost completely inhibited it in 28 days cells, while having no effect on mechanically induced intercellular Ca2+ communication. Depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores abolished spontaneous Ca2+ activity in 9 days and 28 days cells, as well as mechanically induced intercellular Ca2+ communication in 28 days cells, while not affecting the latter in 9 days cells. Blockade of gap junctions and P2‐receptors had no effect on spontaneous Ca2+ activity or mechanically induced intercellular Ca2+ communication in cells from both time points.ConclusionsOur results show that hESC‐RPE cells undergo significant Ca2+ signaling re‐arrangements during maturation: the cells increase spontaneous Ca2+ activity, while decreasing their intercellular Ca2+ communication.
Case report of ring ciliary body and choroidal lymphoma
Authors: Bogdali A. , Markiewicz A. , Jakubowska B. , Romanowska Dixon B. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThe aim of the study was to analyze case of ring ciliary body and choroidal lymphoma.MethodsRetrospective analysis.Results54 years old man was sent in October 2014 to Department of Ophthalmology of the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Cracow with diagnosis of choroidal melanoma in left eye. Tumor was detected accidently. BCVA in both eyes was 1.0. Intraocular pressure in both eye was correct. In patients history stomach lymphoma treated in 1996 with radiotherapy and chemiotherapy. In fundus examination we found mass located temporally in choroid and cilary body. Ultrasound examination (USG and UBM) showed ciliary body and choroidal mass located between 2 and 7 clock hour (almost 180 degrees), thickness 8.2 mm, base 14.30 mm. The patient was qualified to biopsy of ciliary body and choroidal mass and I‐125 brachytherapy. During 2 weeks tumor enlarged, was located in 270–300 degrees and looks like ciliary body ring melanoma (thickness 9.0 mm, base 23.3 mm) with iris elevation and conjunctival edema. Enucleation of left eyeball was performed. Histopathological examination reveled neoplasma malignum probabiliter non epitheliale. Lypmoma malignum – marginal zone lymphoma. Immunohistochemical profile of tumor showed experesion CD20+, CD5‐, CD23‐, CD3‐, lack of expression lambda gains.ConclusionsLypmoma malignum – marginal zone lymphoma may occur like ciliary body and choroidal ring which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intraocular tumors.
Multicenter clinical trial of high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment in glaucoma patients without previous filtering surgery
Authors: Aptel F. , Denis P. , Rouland J.F. , Renard J.P. , Bron A.M. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the ultrasonic circular cyclocoagulation procedure in patients with open‐angle glaucoma naïve of previous filtering surgery.MethodsProspective non‐comparative interventional clinical study conducted in five French University Hospitals. Thirty eyes of 30 patients with open‐angle glaucoma, intraocular pressure (IOP) > 21 mmHg and with no previous filtering glaucoma surgeries were sonicated with a probe comprising six piezoelectric transducers. The six transducers were activated with a 6‐s exposure time. Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed before the procedure and at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure. Primary outcomes were surgical success (defined as IOP reduction from baseline ≥ 20% and IOP > 5 mmHg with possible retreatment and without hypotensive medication adjunction) at the last follow‐up visit and vision‐threatening complications. Secondary outcomes were mean IOP at each follow‐up visit compared to baseline, medication use, complications and retreatments.ResultsIOP was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) from a mean preoperative value of 28.2 ± 7.2 mmHg (n = 3.6 hypotensive medications) to 19.6 ± 7.9 mmHg at 12 months (n = 3.1 hypotensive medications and n = 1.1 procedures) (mean IOP reduction of 30%). Success was achieved in 63% of eyes (19/30) at 12 months (mean IOP reduction of 37% in these eyes). No major intra‐ or postoperative complications occurred.ConclusionsThe ultrasonic circular cyclocoagulation procedure seems to be an effective and well‐tolerated method to reduce IOP in patients with open‐angle glaucoma without previous filtering surgery.
Primary open angle glaucoma treated by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) with the 2nd generation probe
Authors: Rouland J.F. , Aptel F. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo assess the safety and efficacy of Ultrasound Ciliary Plasty (UCP procedure) using HIFU (high intensity focused ultrasound) with a second‐generation probe which increases the treatment surface area and the firing duration in patients with primary open angle glaucoma.MethodsProspective clinical series performed in two University Hospitals, on eighteen eyes of eighteen patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma, treated with the EyeOP1 medical device equipped with six miniaturized cylindrical piezoelectric transducers of a new generation with an increased lesion volume. All eyes were treated with an 8‐second exposure time per transducer. The main assessment criteria were safety and efficacy measured by the incidence of complications and IOP reduction. Ophthalmic examination and ultrasound biomicroscopy were performed before treatment and during clinical follow‐up at D7, M1, M3, M6 and M12.ResultsThe mean intraocular pressure was significantly reduced from 28.4 ± 5.4 mmHg before treatment to 17.4 ± 3.8 mmHg at last follow‐up. Complete success rate, as defined by an IOP reduction >20% and IOP > 5 mmHg after one UCP procedure was 84%. The mean IOP reduction achieved in responding patients was 42%. No major intra‐ or post‐operative complications were observed. Clinical examination showed no lesions of ocular structures other than the ciliary body and no or few signs of intraocular inflammation after treatment.ConclusionsCoagulation of the ciliary body using high intensity focused ultrasound carried out with the new‐generation of miniaturized transducers is a simple, well‐tolerated procedure which enables to significantly reduce the intraocular pressure in patients with Open Angle Glaucoma.
Real Time, In Vivo Analysis of the Onset of Retinogenesis: Assessment of the Retinal Vascular Plexus, Electrophysiological Response and Architecture in Neonatal Mice
Authors: Deniro M. , AlQahtani A. , AlAhmar S. , AlMohanna F. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the retinal vascular network in P0 and P1 neonates in vivo in real time.MethodsC57Bl/6J neonates were dark‐adapted overnight. Animals were subjected to clinical investigation by using electroretinography (ERG) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) coupled to fluorescein angiography (FA).ResultsFA in P0 neonates revealed that vascularization starts as ring‐shaped vascular sprouts growing radially from the optic nerve head, becoming progressively interconnected by a capillary plexus between them. OCT data indicated that neonatal retina consisted of three layers; ganglion cell, inner plexiform and neuroblastic. The retinal thickness in P0 and P1 pups were 45 ± 7 μm, 50.2 ± 2 μm, respectively. ERG recordings were observed as early as day 0; however they exhibited a nearly abolished b‐waves and relatively preserved a‐waves. This suggests that synaptic functionality develops at the onset of postnatal retinogenesis.ConclusionsWe report here for the first time the imaging of the developing retina in real time as early as P0, which was coupled to focal‐ERG and OCT measurements. Our data indicated that despite the nearly abolished b‐wave, the retina was responsive to light stimuli. Our data also suggest that the positive‐going b‐wave of the dark‐adapted ERG response is generated by the precursor neuronal cells within the developing NBL and the response to light stimulation occurs long before the appearance of the rods and cones in the developing photoreceptor layer.
Development of Diabetic Retinopathy in a 22‐Week Old Homozygous Ins2Akita Mouse: A Case Study
Authors: Deniro M. , AlQahtani A. , AlAhmar S. , AlMohanna F. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeMice homozygous for Ins2Akita develop type 1 diabetes mellitus. These animals die by 12 weeks old age due to rapid and severe hyperglycemia, which leaves the mice with a short window period to manifest diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here we report the rare development of DR in a 22 week‐old male Akita mouse.MethodsElectroretinography (ERG) and spatial‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) imaging as a measure of visual function, which was coupled to fluorescein angiography (FA) and trypsin digestion (TD).ResultsThe homozygous mouse exhibited hyperglycemia and retinal complications including early signs of vascular damage consistent with DR. TD demonstrated the presence of pericyte ghosts, whereas FA exhibited the manifestation of retinal neovascularization, vascular leakage and microaneurysm formation. ERG recording and OCT imaging were sensitive in detecting the degree of retinal degeneration and RPE tear as compared to the wildtype control. The RPE tear created an area where photoreceptors have no RPE support. Scotopic ERG analysis exhibited significantly faster b‐wave responses as compared to wildtype control. Further analysis using b/a‐wave ratio revealed a strikingly disproportionate reduction in the b‐ and a‐wave amplitudes. SD‐OCT demonstrated a reduction in the overall retinal thickness (OS‐NFL) of homozygous Ins2Akita mouse but not age‐matched control.ConclusionsOur study reports and for the first time the rare development of full‐blown clinical expression of diabetic retinopathy in a 22‐week old homozygous Akita.
Genotypes & Phenotypes in Belgian Patients with Albinism
Authors: De Bleser E. , Tack M. , De Baere E. , Leroy B.P. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo study the different genotypes and phenotypes in Belgian patients with albinism.MethodsPhenotypes and genotypes in a cohort of 89 patients were studied in detail. These patients were then grouped according to genotype.ResultsA total of 40 patients with isolated oculocutaneous (OCA), and 11 with XL ocular albinism (XLOA) were molecularly confirmed. Nine syndromic OCA patients were identified. Genotypes of 29 patients were unknown at the time of study. Although not statistically significant due to small sample size, patients with a proper TYR mutation in combination with a temperature sensitive variant (TS) generally showed milder characteristics. A study of one specific family showed 3 affected siblings with this genotype. However, 2 normal children, each of a different patient, also had this genotype. There was perfect concordance between fundoscopic identification of lyonization in 15 female carriers of XLOA, and molecular confirmation of heterozygosity. Two adult patients with Chediak‐Higashi syndrome showed OCA in combination with neurodegeneration. Systemic abnormalities in 7 Hermansky‐Pudlak syndrome patients were very variable.ConclusionsMolecular analysis is essential to confirm clinical phenotyping in albinism. A causal relationship between a combination of a TYR mutation and the TS variant is as yet uncertain and requires more in depth analysis.
Seasonal variation of the pupil light reflex
Authors: Kourti P. , Münch M. , Collomb S. , Kawasaki A. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeVariation of retinal light sensitivity between winter and summer seasons may be a marker for seasonal affective disorder and the basis for response to phototherapy. As the pupil is a marker of retinal light sensitivity and shows a 24‐hour variation that reflects circadian rhythm, we used the pupil as proxy to assess light sensitivity of rods, cones and melanopsin as a function of seasonal light in healthy adults.Methods37 adults were tested during the short (January‐February) and long (July‐August) annual photoperiods. All subjects completed standardized questionnaires of seasonality and sleep. Pupil responses to blue (470 nm) and red (622 nm) light were recorded under dark and light adapted conditions using an automated pupillometer. Main outcome parameters were maximal contraction amplitude and post‐stimulus contraction amplitude.ResultsAll but two subjects reported good sleep quality. One subject was an extreme morning type. Twelve subjects reported a global seasonal variation in sleep, mood and appetite but without dysfunction or disability. Baseline pupil size of light adapted eyes was greater in summer compared to winter. Maximal contraction amplitudes to scotopic and photopic light stimuli were greater in summer. The post‐stimulus pupil contraction was also greater in summer, but only after light adaptation.ConclusionsBaseline pupil size and pupil responses derived from rods, cones and melanopsin photoreception were greater in summer in healthy adults. This seemingly greater retinal sensitivity to light when the photoperiod (daylength) is long suggests a more central basis for seasonal regulation of the pupil light reflex.
Ex vivo porcine corneal storage using an innovative bioreactor
Authors: Guindolet D. , HE Z. , Bernard A. , Rageade D. , Piselli S. , Perrache C. , Forest F. , Peoc'h M. , Gain P. , Gabison E. , Thuret G. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThere is no animal model of medium‐long‐term corneal storage for easily available animals because, contrary to human, ex vivo, animal corneas rapidly and dramatically swell and loose their transparency. As intraocular pressure and optimal function of endothelial cells are critically important for corneal homeostasis, we suppose that the passive eye banking technique is not adapted for corneas of young animals with high stromal swelling pressure. We therefore reproduce physiological parameters to improve storage of animal corneas.MethodsWe designed a bioreactor (BR) that restores a pressure equivalent to the intra ocular pressure in the endothelial chamber while allowing continuous renewing of media in both epithelial and endothelial chambers. Epithelial side underwent alternating air‐lifting and medium immersion to reproduce blinking. Porcine eyeballs were obtained from a local slaughterhouse within 4 hours after death. Corneas were stored either in a BR or in conventional vials, both in standard organ culture medium. Transparency, thickness, histological structure and immunohistological staining (ABCB5, PAX6, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, K3‐K12, Laminin‐5) were compared to conventionally stored corneas after 2 weeks.ResultsPorcine corneas stored in bioreactor were more transparent and thinner. Increased endothelial cell viability was observed in the BR and epithelial layer was preserved and mature. Epithelial stem cells also survived.ConclusionsThe porcine version of our BR mimics physiological condition and improves corneal storage. It could be a new model of eye banking and a powerful experimental platform to study corneal physiopathology. Grant: UJM, ANSM.
Mineralocortycoid receptor's antagonists in treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Romanowska Dixon B. , Karska‐Basta I. , Pociej‐Marciak W. , Ozog‐Baran J. , Kubicka‐Trzaska A. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the influence of eplerenon on the function and morphology of the macula in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).MethodsThe study included 17 eyes in 16 patients with central serous chorioretinopathy treated in the Department of Ophthalmology at the University Hospital in Krakow. There were 13 males, 3 women at the age of 32 to 66 years, mean age 41.71 years. The duration of symptoms was ranging from 4 to 24 months, an average of 8 months. The patients were treated with eplerenone according to the scheme: 25 mg/day for a week, then 50 mg/day by 3 months. The baseline examination and two controls (after 1–1.5 month and after 3–4 months) included best corrected visual acuity, central retinal thickness in optical coherence tomography and visual central disturbances in Amsler test.ResultsThe values for CRT decreased from 367 (± 70) µm to 264 (± 50) µm (the first control) and to 248 (± 50) (the second control), the difference was an average of 112.71 microns (p = 0.00001). The average BCVA improved from 0.61 (± 0.25) to 0.67 (± 0.28) (the first control) and to 0.72 (± 0.28) (the second control). 10 patients (58.8%) reported improvement of Amsler test while in the 7 patients (41.2%) deterioration in central vision stayed unchanged during the first control. During the second control 7 patients (50%) reported improvement of Amsler test while in the 7 patients (50%) deterioration in central vision stayed unchanged.ConclusionsThe results of our observations indicate that eplerenone can provide an alternative treatment CSC especially in cases where there are contraindications for the use of other therapeutic methods such as laser photocoagulation of the retina. Further investigation is needed.
Age Macular Degeneration‐Lipidomic Study: Relevance and interest of Lipidomic study in screening, follow‐up and etiopathogeny of AMD
Authors: Gonzalez C. , Bertrand‐Michel J. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the lipidomic study impact on AMD diagnosis, screening, etiopathogenie and interrelations,correlations between those 2 entities.MethodsAMD: 30 AMD patients. 3 Groups: A:10 first stage AMD patients,B:10 Atrophy AMD patients, C:10 Neovascular AMD patients. Ophthalmologic exam:ETDRS visual acuity (VA), complete ophthalmic examination,Fundus examination, autofluorescence imaging (FAF), optical coherence tomography (Spectral Domain OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA) and ICG when Neovascular complication.Lipidomic Study: Blood tests and analysis, all lipids qualitative, quantitative analysis, all the same for all patients, whatever group. Blood test is done during ophthalmologic exam. Plasma congelation “snap frost” in liquid nitrogen after total blood centrifugation, then liquid‐liquid extraction for lipids analysis:neutral lipid by GC, as well as fatty acid but after BF3 methanol derivation,phospholipids by LC‐MS directly,as sphingolipids but firstly hydrolysed. Polyinsatured fatty acids metabolites preparation: protein precipitation then pre‐concentration by SPE(solid phase extraction) before m'analyses by LC‐MS.ResultsAnalysis will determine qualitative,quantitative lipids values in each patients group, each of them proportion, characterization, singularity; so, characterization, prevalence, specifics of and for each group. Lipidomic study’ evaluation, identification, classification in AMD patients groups allow AMD screening,follow‐up, particularly according to AMD type and stage. Lipidomic study have biomarker feature, let AMD prevention, etiopathogenic concept.ConclusionsLipidomics study and so better AMD characterization allow better diagnosis, follow‐up, screening of AMD. Interrelations and correlations between AMD and Lipidomics lead to better etiopathogenie understanding and therapeutics prospects.
Comparisons of retinal sensitivity obtained by microperimetry with two different fixation targets in normal individuals
Authors: Nizawa T. , Kitahashi M. , Yamamoto S. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo determine the retinal sensitivities obtained by microperimetry with an one degree single cross (Cr) or an one degree circular (Ci) fixation target in normal individuals.MethodsThe retinal sensitivity within the central 2 degrees was measured in 32 eyes of 16 healthy volunteers (mean age 28.9 ± 1.4, range 24–44) with Microperimeter 3 (MP‐3, Nidek, Italy) using two fixation targets. The retinal sensitivity of the central 0 degree and mean central 2 degrees consisting of 8 points were measured with the two fixation targets. The Goldmann III stimuli were presented for 200 msec on a white background with a luminance of 31.5 asb.ResultsThe mean central retinal sensitivity (0 degrees) was 24.4 ± 0.8 dB with the Cr and 29.8 ± 0.6dB with the Ci targets. The central retinal sensitivity with the Ci target was significantly higher than that with the Cr. (P = 1.2 × E‐5). The mean retinal sensitivity of the central 2 degrees was 32.0 ± 0.3 dB with the Cr target and 31.4 ± 0.3 dB with the Ci target. The mean central 2 degrees retinal sensitivity with the Cr was significantly higher than that with the Cr target (P = 0.006).ConclusionsThe differences in the retinal sensitivity is probably because the fixation targets overlap the stimuli. These results indicate that the size and shape of the fixation target must be considered when evaluating the central retinal sensitivity.
Changes in lamina cribrosa and prelaminar tissue in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Munoz‐Negrete F.J. , Rebolleda G. , García‐Montesinos J. , Oblanca‐Llamazares N. , De Juan V. , De Dompablo E. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo determine changes in lamina cribrosa (LC) and prelaminar tissue in patients with unilateral non‐arteritic anterior ischemic optic neurophaty (NAION) using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT).MethodsSeventeen eyes of 17 patients with NAION were prospectively studied. SD‐OCT scans using EDI technology were obtained at the acute episode and at two and six months after the ischemic event. The OCT device was set to image a 15x10 degree vertical rectangle centered on the optic disc. The scan in LC was seen clearliest was selected for analysis. The vertical distances from three equidistant points on the reference line (Bruch's membrane opening‐BMO) to the anterior prelaminar tissue surface, and to the anterior and posterior surfaces of the LC were measured.ResultsAt diagnosis, mean prelaminar tissue was significantly thicker and anterior LC surface more posteriorly placed in NAION eyes than in non‐involved eyes. During the follow‐up, in NAION eyes there was a significant prelaminar thinning and an anterior LCreversal (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002 at 2 and 6 months respectively). BMO significantly reduced during follow‐up (P = 0.008 and P = 0.034 at 2 and 6 months respectively). Both prelaminar tissue thickness and BMO changes correlated with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements.ConclusionsOHN is a dynamic structure that undergoes biomechanical changes in eyes suffering NAION. A significant prelaminar tissue thickening and posterior lamina cribrosa displacement occurred during the acute ischemic optic neuropathy, that reverse as the edema resolves.