bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Kidney/Pancreas Transplantation on Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Knight Richard J. , Ye Yan , Graviss Edward A. , Nguyen Duc T. , Garami Zsolt , Yi Stephanie G. , Hobeika Mark , Bavare Charudatta S. , Sadhu Archana R. , Gaber A. Osama 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIt is unclear whether kidney/pancreas (KP) transplantation will prevent the progression of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients with insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM) and end‐stage renal disease. We sought to determine the pre‐ and posttransplant prevalence of symptomatic PAD and changes in carotid artery intima‐media thickness (IMT) in KP recipients.MethodsIn this single center study, outcomes were compared between KP recipients with and without a history of PAD. A subset of recipients underwent pre‐ and posttransplant IMT measurements.ResultsAmong the study group (N = 107), 18 (17%) recipients admitted to a pretransplant history of symptomatic PAD, comprised 11 foot infections and 7 amputations (5 minor and 2 major). Baseline characteristics of age, gender, race, years of diabetes, dialysis history, smoking history, years of hypertension, and history of coronary artery disease (CAD) were equivalent between PAD and non‐PAD cohorts. At a median follow‐up of 60 months (IQR: 28, 110), 16 (15%) KP recipients had suffered a PAD event. In multivariate analysis, a pretransplant history of PAD (hazard ratio [HR] 9.66, p < 0.001) and CAD (HR 3.33, p = 0.04) were independent predictors of posttransplant PAD events. Among a subset of 20 recipients (3 with PAD), mean IMT measurements pretransplant and at a median of 24 (range 18–24) months posttransplant, showed no evidence of disease progression.ConclusionBased on IMT measurements and clinical results, KP transplantation stabilized PAD in most patients, but did not alter outcomes of symptomatic PAD recipients. A pretransplant history of PAD and CAD was an independent predictor of posttransplant PAD events.
Estimating the alcohol‐related burden of child maltreatment among Māori in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: Huckle Taisia , Barnes Helen Moewaka , Romeo Jose S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo assesses the alcohol‐related burden of child maltreatment among Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand. We compared the risk of child maltreatment among Māori (0–17 years) exposed to parents with alcohol‐related hospitalisation or mental health/addiction service use. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis to estimate the number of cases of maltreatment that could be attributed to alcohol among Māori.MethodsA cohort study of 16,617 Māori aged 0–17 and their parents from 2000 to 2017 was conducted using the Statistics New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure. A Bayesian piecewise exponential model estimated the risk of time to first child maltreatment event. This analysis used data from child protection, hospital, mortality and police records, and specifically focused on the risk associated with exposure to parents with an alcohol‐attributable hospitalisation or mental health/addiction service use event. Potential confounders for both parents and Māori (0–17 years) were included. We calculated a population‐attributable fraction to estimate the proportion of maltreatment cases that could be attributed to alcohol in 2017.ResultsResults showed a 65% increased risk for young Māori exposed to parents with heavy alcohol use. We estimated 17% of substantiated child maltreatment among Māori could be attributed to parental hazardous alcohol consumption.Discussion and ConclusionsSevere or hazardous alcohol consumption among parents is a risk factor for child maltreatment among Māori. Māori alcohol consumption and harm are symptomatic of wider inequities related, among other things, to the ongoing effects of colonisation, as well as gaps in the regulation of alcohol sales.
An overview of the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trial: The primary outcomes and key clinical implications for those managing patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chen Angela X. , Fletcher Robert , Neuen Brendon L. , Neal Bruce , Arnott Clare 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsTo provide an overview of the primary outcomes and key clinical implications of the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trial, which were event‐driven, double‐blind randomized controlled trials that established the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in those with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and high cardiovascular risk (CV) or albuminuric chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods and ResultsThe CANVAS programme (CANVAS and CANVAS‐R trials) randomized 10 142 people with T2D and high CV risk to canagliflozin or placebo and followed them for a median of 126 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was met, with canagliflozin treatment associated with a 14% reduction in major adverse CV events (hazard ratio [HR] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75 to 0.97; p < 0.001) as compared to placebo. The CREDENCE trial randomized 4401 individuals with T2D and albuminuric CKD to canagliflozin or placebo and followed them for 109 weeks. The CREDENCE trial also met its primary endpoint; canagliflozin treatment was associated with a 30% reduction in the composite of kidney failure, sustained doubling of serum creatinine level, or death from kidney or CV causes (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.82; p < 0.001). Substantial reductions in hospitalization for heart failure (CANVAS: HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.87; CREDENCE: HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.80) and other key CV and kidney outcomes were also identified. Relative clinical benefits were consistent across subgroups defined by baseline age, sex, kidney function and history of CV disease but absolute benefits were greatest in those at highest baseline risk. Total serious adverse events were less common with canagliflozin treatment. Concerns about amputation and fracture risk observed in the CANVAS Program were not seen in CREDENCE and appear to have been spurious chance findings.ConclusionCanagliflozin reduced important CV, kidney and mortality outcomes in those with T2D and high CV risk or CKD across diverse patient groups, with a good safety profile. Taken together with the other sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor CV and renal outcomes trials, these landmark findings have changed the treatment landscape for patients worldwide.
Estimation of effective number of breeders and effective population size in an abundant and heavily exploited marine teleost
Authors: Bertram Andrea , Bell Justin , Brauer Chris , Fairclough David , Hamer Paul , Sandoval‐Castillo Jonathan , Wellenreuther Maren , Beheregaray Luciano B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObtaining reliable estimates of the effective number of breeders (Nb) and generational effective population size (Ne) for fishery‐important species is challenging because they are often iteroparous and highly abundant, which can lead to bias and imprecision. However, recent advances in understanding of these parameters, as well as the development of bias correction methods, have improved the capacity to generate reliable estimates. We utilized samples of both single‐cohort young of the year and mixed‐age adults from two geographically and genetically isolated stocks of the Australasian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) to investigate the feasibility of generating reliable Nb and Ne estimates for a fishery species. Snapper is an abundant, iteroparous broadcast spawning teleost that is heavily exploited by recreational and commercial fisheries. Employing neutral genome‐wide SNPs and the linkage‐disequilibrium method, we determined that the most reliable Nb and Ne estimates could be derived by genotyping at least 200 individuals from a single cohort. Although our estimates made from the mixed‐age adult samples were generally lower and less precise than those based on a single cohort, they still proved useful for understanding relative differences in genetic effective size between stocks. The correction formulas applied to adjust for biases due to physical linkage of loci and age structure resulted in substantial upward modifications of our estimates, demonstrating the importance of applying these bias corrections. Our findings provide important guidelines for estimating Nb and Ne for iteroparous species with large populations. This work also highlights the utility of samples originally collected for stock structure and stock assessment work for investigating genetic effective size in fishery‐important species.
Molecular biological role of epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Haruna Takahiro , Kudo Mitsuhiro , Ishino Kousuke , Ueda Junji , Shintani‐Domoto Yukako , Yoshimori Daigo , Fuji Takenori , Kawamoto Yoko , Teduka Kiyoshi , Kitamura Taeko , Yoshida Hiroshi , Ohashi Ryuji 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimEpithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) regulates tumor progression and metastasis through the epithelial‒mesenchymal transition by interacting with zinc finger E‐box binding 1 (ZEB1) and CD44 in cancers. However, the role of ESRP1 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) remains unclear.MethodsThree iCCA cell lines (HuCCT‐1, SSP‐25, and KKU‐100) were analyzed using small interfering RNA to investigate the molecular biological functions of ESRP1 and ZEB1. The association between clinicopathological features and the expression of ESRP1 and ZEB1 in iCCA tissues was analyzed immunohistochemically. Proteomic analysis was performed to identify molecules related to ESRP1 expression.ResultsESRP1 expression was upregulated in HuCCT‐1 and SSP‐25 cells. Cell migration and invasion were enhanced, and the expression of ZEB1 and CD44s (CD44 standard) isoforms were upregulated in the ESRP1 silencing cells. Moreover, ESRP1 silencing increased the expression of N‐cadherin and vimentin, indicating the presence of mesenchymal properties. Conversely, ZEB1 silencing increased the expression of ESRP1 and CD44v (CD44 variant) isoforms. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that a lower ESRP1‐to‐ZEB1 expression ratio was associated with poor recurrence‐free survival in patients with iCCA. Flotillin 2, a lipid raft marker related to epithelial‒mesenchymal transition, was identified as a protein related to the interactive feedback loop in proteomic analysis.ConclusionsESRP1 suppresses tumor progression in iCCA by interacting with ZEB1 and CD44 to regulate epithelial‒mesenchymal transition.
Characterising the effect of commercial wheat grain milling methods on wheat bran characteristics
Authors: Saini Praveen , Sinha Akhouri Sanjay Kumar , Prasad Kamlesh 
Published: July 2024

SummaryTo assess the effect of wheat milling or bran separation method, five wheat bran fractions, one from stone milling (SB), two from roller flour milling (coarse: RB1, fine: RB2), and two from grain pearling (0–3%: PB1, 3–6%: PB2) were analysed. Physiological properties provided good physical and flow characteristics of SB fraction; however, it was the darkest. Particle size was in the order of RB1 > SB > RB2 > PB1 > PB2. The fibre analysis showed the highest insoluble fibre components for RB1, PB1, and exceptionally higher soluble fibre for PB1. The protein, fat, ash, and starch content were highest for RB2 and PB2. Antioxidant properties followed the order PB2 > RB2 > PB1 > RB1 > SB. Pearled fractions (PB1 and PB2) showed better functional properties than others. SEM, XRD, and FT‐IR verified the changes in the properties of bran fractions. The characterisation data will find applications to help increase the usage of bran fractions in specific food products.
First record of the lobster cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier, 1789) (Insecta: Blattodea) in Europe with remarks on synanthropic cockroaches of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Sánchez Omar , Robla Jairo , Pérez‐Gómez Álvaro , Arias Andrés 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobalization has facilitated the introduction and establishment of organisms beyond their natural ranges, leading to significant ecological and economic consequences. While many non‐native species are well documented, others remain understudied, either due to their unknown impact or morphological similarities with native species. This study addresses such a case, focusing on synanthropic cockroaches within the order Blattodea. Despite the order's diversity, less than 1% of known species are recorded in urban environments. While certain species like Periplaneta americana, Blatta orientalis and Blattella germanica are well distributed and studied, others remain largely unknown. This research unveils the first established population of Nauphoeta cinerea in Europe, specifically in Spain (Asturias, northern Iberian Peninsula), with specific genetic and morphological confirmation. This study also explores potential pathways of introduction for N. cinerea. Long‐distance transport by ships or escape/release from captivity are proposed as potential pathways for the newly established populations in Asturias. The species' high fecundity and parthenogenetic reproduction raise concerns about its potential invasiveness. Additionally, this study includes unpublished data on various synanthropic cockroaches in Asturias (with the first records of P. lateralis and Supella longipalpa for this area), drawn from specimens deposited in biological collections and some extra collections. An identification key for all Spanish non‐native synanthropic cockroach species is provided to assist in future detections. This research emphasizes the imperative need for robust monitoring systems, highlights the scarcity of scientific information regarding synanthropic cockroach distribution and underscores the pivotal role of biological collections in advancing our understanding of invasive species.
I am the psychiatric patient and the psychiatric patient is me: Retelling a lived experience narrative of professional sexual misconduct
Authors: Wiggins Morgan 
Published: July 2024

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Professional sexual misconduct is the name given to the phenomenon of healthcare providers crossing sexual boundaries with their patients. It is comprised of a range of behaviors from comments to unwanted touching and even rape. The exact incidence is unknown, but estimates have been made. These abuses are thought to be underreported. The applicable reporting processes are problematic.

Trauma‐informed care presupposes knowledge of various types of trauma, and this is one type. Traua‐informed care places emphasis on healthcare systems and healthcare providers' avoidance of retraumatizing patients who disclose any type of trauma, including sexual violence.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

This paper adds one narrative experience of a sexual assault perpetrated by the writer's colleague psychiatrist. It can be viewed as a cautionary tale about horizontal violence against nurses.

This narrative discusses how one traumatic event can mushroom into chronic traumatic sequelae when disclosure re‐traumatizes.

What are the implications for practice?

Increased knowledge of this type of sexual violence may help those who have suffered it.

As psychiatry is among the healthcare fields who regularly screen patients for trauma, it is imperative that the psychiatric workforce gain familiarity with trauma‐informed responses to avoid re‐traumatizing patients who disclose sexual violence.
Protest, Violence, and Illiberal Populism In Turkey, 2013–2019: A Network Perspective
Authors: Deets Stephen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article argues protest and violence between 2013 and 2019 both strengthened Turkey's competitive authoritarian regime in the short term and significantly weakened it over time. Crises in liberal democracy create opportunities for illiberal populists to build tightly bounded, vertical networks of supporters, but public disruptions can reconfigure such informal structures and allow new opposition networks to emerge. Using process tracing, the study shows how President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's attempts at building a dominant, religious‐nationalist community failed in the face of the 2013 protests in Istanbul and the violence around the 2015 national elections. These, in turn, altered the ruling party's vertical network. In Istanbul, the opposition took advantage of these changes to create a more pluralistic network and win the 2019 mayoral vote. After a narrow loss in the 2023 presidential contest, the opposition parties ran separately in the 2024 local elections and triumphed, pointing toward a post‐Erdoğan party system. Attention to both government and opposition networks and how they change helps illustrate the dynamics of illiberal populist regimes.
Unfolded protein response markers Grp78 and eIF2alpha are upregulated with increasing alpha‐synuclein levels in Lewy body disease
Authors: Hrabos Dominik , Poggiolini Ilaria , Civitelli Livia , Galli Emilia , Esapa Chris , Saarma Mart , Lindholm Päivi , Parkkinen Laura 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsEndoplasmic reticulum stress followed by the unfolded protein response is one of the cellular mechanisms contributing to the progression of α‐synuclein pathology in Parkinson's disease and other Lewy body diseases. We aimed to investigate the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and its correlation with α‐synuclein pathology in human post‐mortem brain tissue.MethodsWe analysed brain tissue from 45 subjects—14 symptomatic patients with Lewy body disease, 19 subjects with incidental Lewy body disease, and 12 healthy controls. The analysed brain regions included the medulla, pons, midbrain, striatum, amygdala and entorhinal, temporal, frontal and occipital cortex. We analysed activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress via levels of the unfolded protein response‐related proteins (Grp78, eIF2α) and endoplasmic reticulum stress‐regulating neurotrophic factors (MANF, CDNF).ResultsWe showed that regional levels of two endoplasmic reticulum‐localised neurotrophic factors, MANF and CDNF, did not change in response to accumulating α‐synuclein pathology. The concentration of MANF negatively correlated with age in specific regions. eIF2α was upregulated in the striatum of Lewy body disease patients and correlated with increased α‐synuclein levels. We found the upregulation of chaperone Grp78 in the amygdala and nigral dopaminergic neurons of Lewy body disease patients. Grp78 levels in the amygdala strongly correlated with soluble α‐synuclein levels.ConclusionsOur data suggest a strong but regionally specific change in Grp78 and eIF2α levels, which positively correlates with soluble α‐synuclein levels. Additionally, MANF levels decreased in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Our research suggests that endoplasmic reticulum stress activation is not associated with Lewy pathology but rather with soluble α‐synuclein concentration and disease progression.
Ageing‐related tau astrogliopathy severely affecting the substantia nigra
Authors: Tanaka Hidetomo , Lee Seojin , Martinez‐Valbuena Ivan , Couto Blas , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , de Gordoa Javier Sanchez‐Ruiz , Erro M. Elena , Lang Anthony E. , Forrest Shelley L. , Kovacs Gabor G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsAstrocytic tau pathology is a major feature of tauopathies and ageing‐related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG). The substantia nigra (SN) is one of the important degenerative areas in tauopathies with parkinsonism. Nigral tau pathology is usually reported as neuronal predominant with less prominent astrocytic involvement. We aimed to identify cases with prominent astrocytic tau pathology in the SN.MethodsWe use the term nigral tau‐astrogliopathy (NITAG) to describe cases showing an unusually high density of ARTAG with less neuronal tau pathology in the SN. We collected clinical information and studied the distribution of tau pathology, morphological features and immunostaining profiles in three cases.ResultsThree cases, all males with parkinsonism, were identified with the following clinicopathological diagnoses: (i) atypical parkinsonism with tau pathology reminiscent to that in postencephalitic parkinsonism (69‐year‐old); (ii) multiple system atrophy (73‐year‐old); (iii) traumatic encephalopathy syndrome/chronic traumatic encephalopathy (84‐year‐old). Double‐labelling immunofluorescence confirmed co‐localization of GFAP and phosphorylated tau in affected astrocytes. Staining profiles of NITAG revealed immunopositivity for various phosphorylated tau antibodies. Some astrocytic tau lesions were also seen in other brainstem regions and cerebral grey matter.ConclusionsWe propose NITAG is a rare neuropathological feature, and not a distinct disease entity, in the frame of multiple system ARTAG, represented by abundant tau‐positive astrocytes in various brain regions but having the highest density in the SN. The concept of NITAG allows the stratification of cases with various background pathologies to understand its relevance and contribution to neuronal dysfunction.
Varieties of Bias
Authors: Johnson Gabbrielle M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe concept of bias is pervasive in both popular discourse and empirical theorizing within philosophy, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. This widespread application threatens to render the concept too heterogeneous and unwieldy for systematic investigation. This article explores recent philosophical literature attempting to identify a single theoretical category—termed ‘bias’—that could be unified across different contexts. To achieve this aim, the article provides a comprehensive review of theories of bias that are significant in the fields of philosophy of mind, cognitive science, machine learning, and epistemology. It focuses on key examples such as perceptual bias, implicit bias, explicit bias, and algorithmic bias, scrutinizing their similarities and differences. Although these explorations may not conclusively establish the existence of a natural theoretical kind, pursuing the possibility offers valuable insights into how bias is conceptualized and deployed across diverse domains, thus deepening our understanding of its complexities across a wide range of cognitive and computational processes.
Risk assessment of aflatoxin in Iowa corn post‐harvest using an event tree analysis: A case study
Authors: Branstad‐Spates Emily , Mosher Gretchen A. , Bowers Erin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi found in corn and are anticipated to increase globally due to enhanced weather extremes and climate change. Aflatoxin (AFL) is of concern due to its harmful effects on human and animal health. AFL can move through complex grain supply chains in the United States, including multiple stakeholders from farms, grain elevators, grain and ethanol processors, and feed mills, before reaching end users, putting numerous entities at risk. Since corn is an essential food and feed product, risk management of AFL must be considered. This case study aimed to (1) calculate the probabilities of pivotal events with AFL in corn at Food Safety Modernization Act‐regulated entities using an event tree analysis (ETA) and (2) propose recommendations based on factors identified through the ETA for AFL risk management. The ETA was based on historical AFL prevalence data in Iowa above a 20‐part per billion (ppb) threshold (2.30%). Results showed four single‐point failures in feed safety systems, where countermeasures did not function as designed. Failure is defined as the type 2 error of corn being infected with AFL <20 ppb, when it is >20 ppb, and the overall system fails to detect this with contaminated corn reaching end users. The success rate is defined as detecting the corn samples correctly >20 ppb. The average success rate was 50.14%, and the failure rate was 49.86%. It was concluded that risk‐informed decisions are a critical component of effective AFL monitoring in corn, with timely intervention strategies needed to minimize the overall effects on end users.