bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccination with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike adjuvanted with TLR agonists provides cross-protection against XBB.1
Authors: Lathrop Stephanie K. , Clark Jordan J. , Siram Karthik , Andreata-Santos Robert , Yong Jeremy , Tee Rebekah D. , Davison Clara J. , Singh Gagandeep , Burkhart David , Krammer Florian , Evans Jay T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany different platforms have been used to develop highly protective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in humans. However, protection has eroded over time due to the emergence of antigenically diverse viral variants, especially the Omicron subvariants. One successful platform for the generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are recombinant spike protein vaccines, of which two are licensed in the United States and Europe. Typically, purified recombinant protein antigens are poorly immunogenic and adjuvants must be included in the formulation. Here, we adjuvanted recombinant ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 spike proteins with an emulsion formulation combined with synthetic Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and 7/8 agonists. This combination led to the induction of a Th1-skewed immune response that included high titers of antibodies against Wuhan-Hu-1 spike. These serum antibodies included neutralizing and cross-reactive antibodies that recognized the spike from multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as the receptor binding domain (RBD) from SARS-CoV-1. Despite an absence of robust cross-neutralization, vaccination against Wuhan-Hu-1 spike in the context of TLR-containing emulsions provided complete cross-protection against disease from a lethal challenge with XBB.1 in a stringent K18-hACE2 mouse model. We believe that the combination of recombinant spike antigens with TLR agonist-based emulsion formulations could lead to the development of next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that provide significant protection from future emerging variants.
Phase stabilization via A-site ion anchoring for ultra-stable perovskite light emitting diodes
Authors: Ding Shuo , Kong Zhuoyuan , Shen Yipeng , Shen Piaoyang , Wu Chunyan , Qian Lei , Zhang Xinyu , Hu Long , Chen Hao , Xiang Chaoyu 
Published: August 2024

To enhance the operational stability of perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs), 1H,1H-perfluorohexylamine was employed to anchor ions and stabilize perovskite phase, yielding ambient stable film and ultra-stable PeLEDs with 37.2-year T50 lifetime.
Automatic Speech Recognition in Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Tetzloff Katerina A. , Wiepert Daniela , Botha Hugo , Duffy Joseph R. , Clark Heather M. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. , Utianski Rene L. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Transcribing disordered speech can be useful when diagnosing motor speech disorders such as primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS), who have sound additions, deletions, and substitutions, or distortions and/or slow, segmented speech. Since transcribing speech can be a laborious process and requires an experienced listener, using automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems for diagnosis and treatment monitoring is appealing. This study evaluated the efficacy of a readily available ASR system (wav2vec 2.0) in transcribing speech of PPAOS patients to determine if the word error rate (WER) output by the ASR can differentiate between healthy speech and PPAOS and/or among its subtypes, whether WER correlates with AOS severity, and how the ASR's errors compare to those noted in manual transcriptions.

Method:
Forty-five patients with PPAOS and 22 healthy controls were recorded repeating 13 words, 3 times each, which were transcribed manually and using wav2vec 2.0. The WER and phonetic and prosodic speech errors were compared between groups, and ASR results were compared against manual transcriptions.

Results:
Mean overall WER was 0.88 for patients and 0.33 for controls. WER significantly correlated with AOS severity and accurately distinguished between patients and controls but not between AOS subtypes. The phonetic and prosodic errors from the ASR transcriptions were also unable to distinguish between subtypes, whereas errors calculated from human transcriptions were. There was poor agreement in the number of phonetic and prosodic errors between the ASR and human transcriptions.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that ASR can be useful in differentiating healthy from disordered speech and evaluating PPAOS severity but does not distinguish PPAOS subtypes. ASR transcriptions showed weak agreement with human transcriptions; thus, ASR may be a useful tool for the transcription of speech in PPAOS, but the research questions posed must be carefully considered within the context of its limitations.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26359417
Precise Fourier parameters of Cepheid radial velocity curves: Towards refining the Hertzsprung progression models
Authors: Hocdé V. , Moskalik P. , Gorynya N. A. , Smolec R. , Rathour R. Singh , Ziółkowska O. 
Published: August 2024

Context. Radial velocity (RV) curves of Classical Cepheids allow precise determination of the resonant periods, which in turn help to constrain fundamental parameters of these stars. The RV curves of Cepheids are also useful for identifying their pulsation modes and for distance determination using the parallax-of-pulsation method.
Aims. The primary goal of this paper is to derive precise Fourier parameters of the RV curves for fundamental and first-overtone Galactic Cepheids. Our secondary objectives are then to analyze the progression of the Fourier parameters up to the seventh harmonic, and to propose an identification of the pulsation modes of the stars.
Methods. For each star, we carefully selected RV measurements available in the literature that yield the highest precision of Fourier parameters according to the procedure that follows. We performed a Fourier decomposition of the RV curves using the unweighted least-square method and the standard deviation of the fit was used to derive the uncertainty on the Fourier parameters. We corrected for zero-point differences between datasets and RV modulations caused by binary motion.
Results. With this study we have more than doubled the number of Cepheids with published RV curve Fourier parameters and with their uncertainty properly estimated. Our sample includes 178 fundamental-mode and 33 first-overtone pulsators, as well as 7 additional Cepheids whose pulsation mode is uncertain or undetermined according to our criteria. For the fundamental-mode Cepheids, the precision of the obtained low-order Fourier phases and amplitudes is about seven times and 25% better, respectively, as compared to the precision achieved in previously published Fourier parameter surveys. With highly accurate RV Fourier phases ϕ21, we are able to firmly identify V495 Cyg as a new first-overtone Cepheid and we confirm the first-overtone nature of several other stars. In particular, α UMi should be firmly classified as a first-overtone pulsator. In three objects (VY Per, AQ Pup, and QZ Nor), we find significant γ-velocity variations, which for the first two objects (and possibly for QZ Nor as well) can be attributed to the spectroscopic binarity of these stars. Finally, the analysis of the fundamental mode Fourier parameters up to seventh order reveals tight progression of Fourier phases for all pulsation periods.
Conclusions. We provide new precise Fourier parameters of Cepheid RV curves determined from RV measurements available in the literature together with unpublished data. The pulsation period coverage and the precision obtained, in particular for Fourier phase ϕ21, will be useful for studying the dynamics of Cepheid pulsations with the help of hydrodynamical models. Further RV measurements from modern high-resolution spectroscopic instruments will be important to improve these results.
Climate change in hell: Long-term variation in transits of the evaporating planet K2-22b
Authors: Gaidos E. , Parviainen H. , Esparza-Borges E. , Fukui A. , Isogai K. , Kawauchi K. , de Leon J. , Mori M. , Murgas F. , Narita N. , Palle E. , Watanabe N. 
Published: August 2024

Context. Rocky planets on ultra-short period orbits can have surface magma oceans and rock-vapour atmospheres in which dust can condense. Observations of that dust can inform us about the composition and surface conditions on these objects.
Aims. We constrained the properties and long-term (decade) behaviour of the transiting dust cloud from the evaporating planet K2-22b.
Methods.We observed K2-22b around 40 predicted transits with MuSCAT ground-based multi-optical channel imagers, and complemented these data with long-term monitoring by the ground-based ATLAS (2018-2024) and space-based TESS (2021–2023) surveys.
Results. We detected signals during 7 transits, none of which showed significant wavelength dependence. The expected number of MuSCAT-detected transits is ≥22, indicating a decline in mean transit depth since the K2 discovery observations in 2014.
Conclusions. The lack of a significant wavelength dependence indicates that dust grains are large or the cloud is optically thick. Long-term trends of depth could be due to a magnetic cycle on the host star or to overturn of the planet’s dayside surface magma ocean. The possibility that K2-22b is disappearing altogether is ruled out by the stability of the transit ephemeris against non-gravitational forces, which constrains the mass to be at least comparable to Ceres.
The Role of Electroencephalography in Children with Acute Altered Mental Status of Unknown Etiology: A Prospective Study
Authors: Chiarello Daniela , Perrone Annalisa , Ricci Emilia , Ferrera Giulia , Duranti Francesca , Bonetti Silvia , Marchiani Valentina , Fetta Anna , Lanari Marcello , Cordelli Duccio Maria 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction Acute altered mental status (AAMS) is often a challenge for clinicians, since the underlying etiologies cannot always easily be inferred based on the patient's clinical presentation, medical history, or early examinations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of electroencephalogram (EEG) as a diagnostic tool in AAMS of unknown etiology in children.
Materials and Methods We conducted a prospective study involving EEG assessments on children presenting with AAMS between May 2017 and October 2019. Inclusion criteria were age 1 month to 18 years and acute (<1 week) and persistent (>5 minutes) altered mental status. Patients with a known etiology of AAMS were excluded. A literature review was also performed.
Results Twenty patients (median age: 7.7 years, range: 0.5–15.4) were enrolled. EEG contributed to the diagnosis in 14/20 cases, and was classified as diagnostic in 9/20 and informative in 5/20. Specifically, EEG was able to identify nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in five children and psychogenic events in four. EEG proved to be a poorly informative diagnostic tool at AAMS onset in six children; however, in five of them, it proved useful during follow-up.
Conclusions Limited data exist regarding the role of EEG in children with AAMS of unknown etiology. In our population, EEG proved to be valuable tool, and was especially useful in the prompt identification of NCSE and psychogenic events.
Case–Control and Cohort Studies in Homeopathy: Part 4 of the Research Method Series
Authors: Dutta Abhijit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCase–control and cohort studies are fundamental epidemiological research designs utilized to investigate the relationship between exposures and outcomes in medical research. This paper provides a comparative analysis of these two study designs, focusing on their respective strengths, applications, and implications for understanding disease etiology, progression, and intervention effectiveness. Case–control studies offer a retrospective lens, enabling researchers to assess the impact of exposures on disease development by comparing individuals with a particular outcome (cases) to those without (controls). Through meticulous selection and analysis, case–control studies unveil potential risk factors and causal relationships, particularly beneficial for investigating rare diseases or long latency periods. Conversely, cohort studies adopt a prospective approach, following a group of individuals over time to evaluate the incidence of outcomes in relation to exposures. This design facilitates the assessment of cumulative exposure effects, disease progression, and intervention efficacy, providing valuable insights into the natural history of diseases. In the context of homeopathy, both the study designs may be utilized for the evaluation of long-term treatment effects, disease progression, and patient satisfaction, shedding light on the holistic nature of homeopathic care. By embracing rigorous methodologies and leveraging the strengths of both study designs, researchers in homeopathy can advance evidence-based practice, enhancing our understanding of homeopathic principles and their practical implications in clinical settings.
Impact of Dietary Counseling on Nutritional requirements and Mitigating Noncompliance behavior in Hemodialysis Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fernandes Sarita Telma , Dsilva Fatima 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction Hemodialysis is the most sought-after treatment modality in patients with end-stage renal disease. The success of hemodialysis depends on the patient's adherence to diet and fluid restrictions to a great extent. Nutritional health is a critical consideration, especially for hemodialysis patients. Nutritional education and counseling for renal disease patients significantly preserve renal function and overall well-being.
Methods Quantitative research approach with a quasi-experimental crossover design to determine the effectiveness of dietary counseling on the nutritional requirement and noncompliance behavior of patients undergoing hemodialysis conducted at Mangala Kidney Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Results The mean age among the participants was 46.07 + 9.67 years. Nearly half of the subjects, 11 (39.29%), had undergone dialysis for 1 to 5 years. Twenty-six (96.3%) had noncompliance behavior toward diet and fluid. Based on biochemical parameters, 20 (74.07%) were classified as low-risk noncompliance and 7 (25.92%) high-risk noncompliance behavior. A paired t-test showed that there is a significant difference in knowledge of nutritional requirements, t (26) = 6.30, p ≤ 0.001 at 5% level of significance, and noncompliance among the participants before and after the dietary counseling program as t (26) = –5.41, p ≤ 0.001 at 5% level of significance.
Conclusion Implementing nurse-led counseling for hemodialysis patients can improve biochemical parameters and enhance understanding of dietary and fluid restrictions, positively impacting laboratory indicators.
Risk perception of SMEs: strategic risks, family-related risks, external risks
Authors: Glowka Gundula , Hule Richard , Zehrer Anita 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile risk perception is essential in understanding risk-taking behavior, the risk perception of Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) remains widely unexplored. Analyzing the current business situation of about 1000 German companies, we present stylized facts on the perception of risks. Our first result is that five out of twelve risks are dominantly perceived. The second result is a classification of all possible 4096 risk profiles into eight classes of ideal types of risk perception. Finally, we investigate which factors determine the probability of perceived risks using information on size, industry sector, and business situation of companies, together with data on their equity and family firm status. We use logistic regressions to investigate their impact. Data show that a good business situation lowers the probability of perceiving some of the strategic risks. We strongly argue to focus more strongly on risk perception for creating a better understanding of how SMEs take risks and manage uncertainty.
Chiral Pair Density Waves with Residual Fermi Arcs in RbV3Sb5
Authors: Yan Xiao-Yu , Deng Hanbin , Yang Tianyu , Liu Guowei , Song Wei , Miao Hu , Tu Zhijun , Lei Hechang , Wang Shuo , Lin Ben-Chuan , Qin Hailang , Yin Jia-Xin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The chiral 2 × 2 charge order has been reported and confirmed in the kagome superconductor RbV3Sb5, while its interplay with superconductivity remains elusive owing to its lowest superconducting transition temperature T
C of about 0.85 K in the AV3Sb5 family (A = K, Rb, Cs) that severely challenges electronic spectroscopic probes. Here, utilizing dilution-refrigerator-based scanning tunneling microscopy down to 30 mK, we observe chiral 2 × 2 pair density waves with residual Fermi arcs in RbV3Sb5. We find a superconducting gap of 150 μeV with substantial residual in-gap states. The spatial distribution of this gap exhibits chiral 2 × 2 modulations, signaling a chiral pair density wave (PDW). Our quasi-particle interference imaging of the zero-energy residual states further reveals arc-like patterns. We discuss the relation of the gap modulations with the residual Fermi arcs under the space-momentum correspondence between PDW and Bogoliubov Fermi states.
Automated inspection approach for OCA particles in multi-layered cover glass of display module assembly
Authors: Miao Huisi , Yang Wucheng , Xu Weidong , Guo Yuhao , Zhao Hong , Huang Wei , Zhang Dongbo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
CG (Cover Glass) is a critical component of electronic screens, and its manufacturing quality is closely relevant to the display effect. To satisfy the requirement of quality control, a machine vision system for real-time inspection of particles in the OCA (Optically Clear Adhesive) layer of CG is presented in this paper. With a brief description of the optical logic of particle imaging and the design of the vision system, our emphasis is put on the post-processing image analysis. To align particles regions in the CG under multi-mode imaging, a spatial alignment calibration algorithm is proposed with perspective distortion correction to calculate the triaxial offset. Then, a CLAHE+PM filtering is adopted to enhance the contrast of the particle. Furthermore, a Meanshift method combined with adaptive local thresholding is proposed to extract the contours of tiny particles. Finally, to distinguish between multiple layers of particles in the CG and detect OCA particles, a combination of fast background reconstruction and Averaged Stochastic Gradient Descent-Support Vector Machine is used. According to in-line experiments and tests, our system can find out a majority of the OCA particles with a PR
(over-detection rate) of 1.31% and a PM
(miss detection rate) of 0.33% for over 10 000 CG samples.
EDASNet: efficient dynamic adaptive-scale network for infrared pedestrian detection
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Ming , Fan Fei , Yu Dahua , Li Jianjun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Infrared images are widely utilized due to their exceptional anti-interference capabilities. However, challenges such as low resolution and an absence of detailed texture can impede the effective recognition of multi-scale target information, particularly for small targets. To address these issues, we introduce a multi-scale detection framework named efficient dynamic adaptive-scale network (EDASNet), which focuses on enhancing the feature extraction of small objects while ensuring efficient detection of multi-scale. Firstly, we design a lightweight dynamic enhance network as the backbone for feature extraction. It mainly includes a lightweight adaptive-weight downsampling module and a dynamic enhancement convolution module. In addition, a multi-scale aggregation feature pyramid network is proposed, which improves the perception effect of small objects through a multi-scale convolution module. Then, the Repulsion Loss term was introduced based on CIOU to effectively solve the missed detection problem caused by target overlap. Finally, the dynamic head was used as the network detection head, and through the superposition of dynamic convolution and multiple attention, the network was able to accurately realize multi-scale object detection. Comprehensive experiments show that EDASNet outperforms existing efficient models and achieves a good trade-off between speed and accuracy.
Data-driven inverse design of the perforated auxetic phononic crystals for elastic wave manipulation
Authors: Liu Hongyuan , Gao Yating , Lei Yongpeng , Wang Hui , Dong Qinxi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In addition to the distinctive features of tunable Poisson’s ratio from positive to negative and low stress concentration, the perforated auxetic metamaterials by peanut-shaped cuts have exhibited excellent phononic crystal (PNC) behavior as well for elastic wave manipulation. Thus they have attracted much attention in vibration suppression for dynamic applications. However, traditional structural designs of the auxetic PNCs considerably depend on designers’ experience or inspiration to fulfill the desired multi-objective bandgap properties through extensive trial and error. Hence, developing a more efficient and robust inverse design method remains challenging to accelerate the creation of auxetic PNCs and improve their performance. To shorten this gap, a new machine learning (ML) framework consisting of double back propagation neural network (BPNN) modules is developed in this work to produce desired configurations of the auxetic PNCs matching the customized bandgap. The first inverse BPNN module is trained to establish a logical mapping from the bandgap properties to the structural parameters, and then the second forward BPNN module is introduced to give the new property prediction by using the design configurations generated from the former. The error between the new predictions and the desired target properties is minimized through a limited number of iterations to produce the final optimal objective configurations. The results indicate that the perforated auxetic metamaterials behave relatively wide complete bandgap and the present ML model is effective in designing them with specific bandgaps within or beyond the given dataset. The study provides a powerful tool for designing and optimizing the perforated auxetic metamaterials in dynamic environment.
Polygon relations and subadditivity of entropic measures for discrete and continuous multipartite entanglement
Authors: Liu Lijun , Ge Xiaozhen , Cheng Shuming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In a recent work by us Ge et al [Phys. Rev. A 110, L010402 (2024)], we have derived a series of polygon relations of bipartite entanglement measures that is useful to reveal entanglement properties of discrete, continuous, and even hybrid multipartite quantum systems. In this work, with the information-theoretical measures of Rényi and Tsallis entropies, we study the relationship between the polygon relation and the subadditivity of entropy. In particular, the entropy-polygon relations are derived for pure multi-qubit states and then generalized to multi-mode Gaussian states, by utilizing the known results from the quantum marginal problem. Then the equivalence between the polygon relation and subadditivity is established, in the sense that for all discrete or continuous multipartite states, the polygon relation holds if and only if the underlying entropy is subadditive. As a byproduct, the subadditivity of Rényi and Tsallis entropies is proven for all bipartite Gaussian states. Finally, the difference between polygon relations and monogamy relations is clarified, and generalizations of our results are discussed. Our work provides a better understanding of the rich structure of multipartite states, and hence is expected to be helpful for the study of multipartite entanglement.