bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-generational benefits of genetic rescue
Authors: Onorato Dave P. , Cunningham Mark W. , Lotz Mark , Criffield Marc , Shindle David , Johnson Annette , Clemons Bambi C. F. , Shea Colin P. , Roelke-Parker Melody E. , Johnson Warren E. , McClintock Brett T. , Pilgrim Kristine L. , Schwartz Michael K. , Oli Madan K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGenetic rescue—an increase in population fitness following the introduction of new alleles—has been proven to ameliorate inbreeding depression in small, isolated populations, yet is rarely applied as a conservation tool. A lingering question regarding genetic rescue in wildlife conservation is how long beneficial effects persist in admixed populations. Using data collected over 40 years from 1192 endangered Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) across nine generations, we show that the experimental genetic rescue implemented in 1995—via the release of eight female pumas from Texas—alleviated morphological, genetic, and demographic correlates of inbreeding depression, subsequently preventing extirpation of the population. We present unequivocal evidence, for the first time in any terrestrial vertebrate, that genetic and phenotypic benefits of genetic rescue remain in this population after five generations of admixture, which helped increase panther abundance (> fivefold) and genetic effective population size (> 20-fold). Additionally, even with extensive admixture, microsatellite allele frequencies in the population continue to support the distinctness of Florida panthers from other North American puma populations, including Texas. Although threats including habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and infectious diseases are challenges to many imperiled populations, our results suggest genetic rescue can serve as an effective, multi-generational tool for conservation of small, isolated populations facing extinction from inbreeding.
Predicting hormone receptor status in invasive breast cancer through radiomics analysis of long-axis and short-axis ultrasound planes
Authors: Wu Jiangfeng , Ge Lifang , Guo Yinghong , Zhao Anli , Yao Jincao , Wang Zhengping , Xu Dong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe hormone receptor (HR) status plays a significant role in breast cancer, serving as the primary guide for treatment decisions and closely correlating with prognosis. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of radiomics analysis in long-axis and short-axis ultrasound planes for distinguishing between HR-positive and HR-negative breast cancers. A cohort of 505 patients from two hospitals was stratified into discovery (Institute 1, 416 patients) and validation (Institute 2, 89 patients) cohorts. A comprehensive set of 788 ultrasound radiomics features was extracted from both long-axis and short-axis ultrasound planes, respectively. Utilizing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, distinct models were constructed for the long-axis and short-axis data. Subsequently, radiomics scores (Rad-scores) were computed for each patient. Additionally, a combined model was formulated by integrating data from long-axis and short-axis Rad-scores along with clinical factors. The diagnostic efficacy of all models was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The long-axis and short-axis models, consisting of 11 features and 15 features, respectively, were established, yielding AUCs of 0.743 and 0.751 in the discovery cohort, and 0.795 and 0.744 in the validation cohort. The calculated long-axis and short-axis Rad-scores exhibited significant differences between HR-positive and HR-negative groups across all cohorts (all p < 0.001). Univariate analysis identified ultrasound-reported tumor size as an independent predictor. The combined model, incorporating long-axis and short-axis Rad-scores along with tumor size, achieved superior AUCs of 0.788 and 0.822 in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. The combined model effectively distinguishes between HR-positive and HR-negative breast cancers based on ultrasound radiomics features and tumor size, which may offer a valuable tool to facilitate treatment decision making and prognostic assessment.
Evidence for faulting and fluid-driven earthquake processes from seismic attenuation variations beneath metropolitan Los Angeles
Authors: Nardoni Chiara , Persaud Patricia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeismicity in the Los Angeles metropolitan area has been primarily attributed to the regional stress loading. Below the urban areas, earthquake sequences have occurred over time showing migration off the faults and providing evidence that secondary processes may be involved in their evolution. Combining high-frequency seismic attenuation with other geophysical observations is a powerful tool for understanding which Earth properties distinguish regions with ongoing seismicity. We develop the first high-resolution 3D seismic attenuation models across the region east of downtown Los Angeles using 5,600 three-component seismograms from local earthquakes recorded by a dense seismic array. We present frequency-dependent peak delay and coda-attenuation tomography as proxies for seismic scattering and absorption, respectively. The scattering models show high sensitivity to the seismicity along some of the major faults, such as the Cucamonga fault and the San Jacinto fault zone, while a channel of low scattering in the basement extends from near the San Andreas fault westward. In the vicinity of the Fontana seismic sequence, high absorption, low scattering, and seismicity migration across a fault network suggest fluid-driven processes. Our attenuation and fault network imaging characterize near-fault zones and rock-fluid properties beneath the study area for future improvements in seismic hazard evaluation.
Environmental complexity impacts anxiety in broiler chickens depending on genetic strain and body weight
Authors: Ulans Alexandra , Brooks George C. , Jacobs Leonie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe objective was to assess the impact of environmental complexity on affective state (anxiety) in fast- and slow-growing broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus) as they gain weight. Six hundred fast-growing broilers (Ross 708; “fast-growers”) and 600 slow-growing broilers (Hubbard Redbro Mini; “slow-growers”) were raised in 24 pens with simple (standard; SE) or complex (permanent and temporary enrichments; CE) environments. Six birds/pen underwent the attention bias test on day 23 (fast-growers only), 28–29, 35–36, 42–43, and 56–57 (slow-growers only), with individuals only tested once (n = 576). Proportion of birds feeding, time spent vigilant and latencies to eat and step were recorded. Greater vigilance and longer latencies indicate more anxiety. Slow-growers fed more (p = 0.001), were less vigilant (p = 0.003), and stepped sooner than fast-growers (p = 0.007). For both strains, likelihood of feeding was unrelated to weight in SE, but decreased with increasing weight in CE (p = 0.048). Birds in CE stepped sooner than birds in SE (p = 0.030). Vigilance increased with body weight (p = 0.024). These results indicate that affective state (anxiety) can change as birds gain weight, depending on environmental complexity and genetic strain. Overall, slow-growers showed reduced anxiety compared to fast-growers, across housing treatments or weights.
Insights into mycobacteriome composition in Mycobacterium bovis-infected African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) tissue samples
Authors: Ghielmetti Giovanni , Kerr Tanya J. , Bernitz Netanya , Mhlophe Sinegugu K. , Streicher Elizma , Loxton Andre G. , Warren Robin M. , Miller Michele A. , Goosen Wynand J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnimal tuberculosis significantly challenges global health, agriculture, and wildlife conservation efforts. Mycobacterial cultures are resource-intensive, time-consuming, and challenged by heterogeneous populations. In this study, we employed a culture-independent approach, using targeted long-read-based next-generation sequencing (tNGS), to investigate the mycobacterial composition in 60 DNA samples extracted from Mycobacterium bovis infected culture-confirmed African buffalo tissue. We detected mycobacterial DNA in 93.3% of the samples and the sensitivity for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) was 91.7%, demonstrating a high concordance of our culture-independent tNGS approach with mycobacterial culture results. In five samples, we identified heterogenous mycobacterial populations with various non-tuberculous mycobacteria, including members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), M. smegmatis, and M. komaniense. The latter Mycobacterium species was described in South Africa from bovine nasal swabs and environmental samples from the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, which was the origin of the buffalo samples in the present study. This finding suggests that exposure to environmental mycobacteria may confound detection of MTBC in wildlife. In conclusion, our approach represents a promising alternative to conventional methods for detecting mycobacterial DNA. This high-throughput technique enables rapid differentiation of heterogeneous mycobacterial populations, which will contribute valuable insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and microbial synergy during mycobacterial infections.
Reshaping tumor microenvironment by regulating local cytokines expression with a portable smart blue-light controlled device
Authors: Wang Hui Rong , Zhang Yi , Mo Yue Jian , Zhang Zhan , Chen Rui , Lu Xi Bin , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCytokines have attracted sustained attention due to their multi-functional cellular response in immunotherapy. However, their application was limited to their short half-time, narrow therapeutic window, and undesired side effects. To address this issue, we developed a portable smart blue-light controlled (PSLC) device based on optogenetic technology. By combining this PSLC device with blue-light controlled gene modules, we successfully achieved the targeted regulation of cytokine expression within the tumor microenvironment. To alter the tumor microenvironment of solid tumors, pro-inflammatory cytokines were selected as blue-light controlled molecules. The results show that blue-light effectively regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines both in vitro and in vivo. This strategy leads to enhanced and activated tumor-infiltrating immune cells, which facilitated to overcome the immunosuppressive microenvironment, resulting in significant tumor shrinkage in tumor-bearing mice. Hence, our study offers a unique strategy for cytokine therapy and a convenient device for animal studies in optogenetic immunotherapy.
The ASC inflammasome adapter governs SAA-derived protein aggregation in inflammatory amyloidosis
Authors: Losa Marco , Emmenegger Marc , De Rossi Pierre , Schürch Patrick M , Serdiuk Tetiana , Pengo Niccolò , Capron Danaëlle , Bieli Dimitri , Bargenda Niklas , Rupp Niels J , Carta Manfredi C , Frontzek Karl J , Lysenko Veronika , Reimann Regina R , Schwarz Petra , Nuvolone Mario , Westermark Gunilla T , Nilsson K Peter R , Polymenidou Magdalini , Theocharides Alexandre PA , Hornemann Simone , Picotti Paola , Aguzzi Adriano 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExtracellularly released molecular inflammasome assemblies -ASC specks- cross-seed Aβ amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease. Here we show that ASC governs the extent of inflammation-induced amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, a systemic disease caused by the aggregation and peripheral deposition of the acute-phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA) in chronic inflammatory conditions. Using super-resolution microscopy, we found that ASC colocalized tightly with SAA in human AA amyloidosis. Recombinant ASC specks accelerated SAA fibril formation and mass spectrometry after limited proteolysis showed that ASC interacts with SAA via its pyrin domain (PYD). In a murine model of inflammatory AA amyloidosis, splenic amyloid load was conspicuously decreased in Pycard−/− mice which lack ASC. Treatment with anti-ASCPYD antibodies decreased amyloid loads in wild-type mice suffering from AA amyloidosis. The prevalence of natural anti-ASC IgG (−logEC50 ≥ 2) in 19,334 hospital patients was <0.01%, suggesting that anti-ASC antibody treatment modalities would not be confounded by natural autoimmunity. These findings expand the role played by ASC and IL-1 independent inflammasome employments to extraneural proteinopathies and suggest that anti-ASC immunotherapy may contribute to resolving such diseases.
The RhoB p.S73F mutation leads to cerebral palsy through dysregulation of lipid homeostasis
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Liu Ruonan , Zhang Zhongtian , Yang Jie , Liu Xin , Jiang Liqiang , Fang Mengmeng , Wang Shoutang , Lai Liangxue , Song Yuning , Li Zhanjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) is a prevalent neurological disorder that imposes a significant burden on children, families, and society worldwide. Recently, the RhoB p.S73F mutation was identified as a de novo mutation associated with CP. However, the mechanism by which the RhoB p.S73F mutation causes CP is currently unclear. In this study, rabbit models were generated to mimic the human RhoB p.S73F mutation using the SpG-BE4max system, and exhibited the typical symptoms of human CP, such as periventricular leukomalacia and spastic-dystonic diplegia. Further investigation revealed that the RhoB p.S73F mutation could activate ACAT1 through the LYN pathway, and the subsequently altered lipid levels may lead to neuronal and white matter damage resulting in the development of CP. This study presented the first mammalian model of genetic CP that accurately replicates the RhoB p.S73F mutation in humans, provided further insights between RhoB and lipid metabolism, and novel therapeutic targets for human CP.
Destructive Arthritis in Paediatric Behçet’s Disease: A Case
Report
Authors: Soares Catarina Dantas , Parente Hugo , Pontes-Ferreira Maria , Cunha Anita , Santos-Faria Daniela 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction Behçet’s disease (BD) is a systemic inflammatory disease that
affects blood vessels of any calibre and has a relapsing and remitting course.
Its main features include recurrent oral and genital ulcers, other skin lesions
such as pseudo-folliculitis and erythema nodosum, but also uveitis and
arthritis. Arthritis in BD is usually described as mono or oligoarticular,
non-erosive, affecting mainly large peripheral joints of lower limbs. In
paediatric BD, up to forty percent of patients have articular involvement. We
present a rare case of a patient who was diagnosed with mucocutaneous, ocular
and articular involvement at the age of 15. He initially received treatment with
prednisolone and colchicine. However, at the age of 20, he failed to attend
follow-up appointments and discontinued his treatment. At the age of 42, he saw
a rheumatologist due to joint complaints associated with functional limitations.
The medical assessment confirmed polyarthritis with extensive erosive
arthropathy detected on imaging.
Conclusions This case report exemplifies a joint involvement rarely found
in BD and even less in paediatric BD. We should be aware of this unusual
involvement and treat patients accordingly since this condition can occur with a
dramatic impact on the patient’s functional prognosis as in other inflammatory
rheumatic arthropathies.
Age and gender differences of normative values of spleen diffusion MRI parameters
Authors: Yu Wei-Ling , Ma Fu-Zhai , Huang Hua , Xiao Ben-Heng , Li Xin-Ming , Wáng Yì Xiáng J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates age and gender differences of normative values of spleen diffusion MRI parameters.We recruited 124 volunteers with MRI conducted at 1.5T. Diffusion imaging had b-values of 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 46, 60, 72, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600 s/mm2. ADC, IVIM-Dslow, IVIM-PF, IVIM-Dfast, and DDVD (diffusion-derived vessel density) were computed. DDVD is the signal difference between the b=0 s/mm2 image and b=2, 4 s/mm2 image. Only images without apparent artifacts and with good curving fitting were included in the analysis. Finally, 34 females (age: 20–71 years) and 69 males (22–70 years) were measured with ADC; 20 females (20–71 years) and 48 males (22–67 years) were measured with IVIM; 32 females (20–71 years) and 65 males (22–70 years) were measured with DDVD parameter.An age-related decrease in ADC was noted for females, while such a trend was not noted for males. A very high level of heterogeneity was noted for the data for the males, with the highest ADC value being 1.710 × 10–3mm 2/s and the lowest ADC value being 0.705 × 10–3 mm2/s when b=0 and 600 s/mm 2 were used for ADC calculation. A male-female data comparison did not show a statistically significant difference between the ADC median value. However, ADCs > 1.3 × 10–3 mm2/s were only seen among males. A very high level of heterogeneity was also noted for males’ Dslow, with the highest value being 1.468 × 10–3 mm2/s and the lowest value being 0.600 × 10–3 mm2/s. Both PF and Dfast demonstrated a trend of age-related increase for older subjects. PF values were higher among males than females. However, no difference was noted for Dfast between males and females. DDVD did not show an age-related trend both for females and males. No difference was noted in DDVD values between males and females.Interpreting normal spleen diffusion MRI parameters should consider age and gender factors.
Negative impact of face masks in patients with interstitial lung disease: A prospective study
Authors: Mohr Arno , Zahn Stefanie , Geismann Florian , Blaas Stefan , Pfeifer Michael , Malfertheiner Maximilian , Salzberger Bernd , Hanses Frank , Bauernfeind Stilla , Koch Myriam , Hitzenbichler Florian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction Face masks increase airway resistance, data on the actual extent of this effect are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different mask types on clinical parameters during moderate exercise in healthy non-smokers, active smokers and patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) without the need of oxygen therapy.

Methods In a prospective observational pilot study participants performed a six-minute walk test without mask, with a surgical mask, a well-fitted FFP2 mask and with a valved FFP3 mask. Respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate, blood gas analysis parameters, dyspnoea and six-minute walk distance were measured. Data were analysed in an ANOVA model.

Results 21 healthy participants, 17 active smokers without known pulmonary disease and 15 patients with interstitial lung disease were included. Participants with ILD had a significant lower walking distance, a higher respiratory rate and a lower pO2 when using FFP2 masks, but not with valved FFP3 masks or surgical masks compared to not wearing a mask.

Conclusion For patients with ILD without the need of oxygen therapy wearing an FFP2 mask had a negative impact on pO2, respiratory rate and walking distance in the six-minute walk test. This effect was not seen with valved FFP3 masks or surgical masks.
Organocatalytic Approaches Towards the Synthesis of Asymmetric Tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) Derivatives
Authors: Malakar Chandi C. , Kant Kamal , Naik Priyadarshini , Patel Chandresh Kumar , Some Sanjukta , Banerjee Sourav , Aljaar Nayyef , Atta Ananta K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinolines (THQs) are present in molecules with significant biological importance and pharmaceuticals with diverse biological activities. Various synthetic routes have been developed to tetrahydroquinolines, such as the hydrogenation of quinolines, domino reactions, intramolecular cyclization, and notably, the Povarov reaction. Organocatalysts are small, chiral organic molecules that can successfully catalyze organic transformations. This review examines the use of organocatalysts in the asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline derivatives using aminocatalysis, NHC catalysis, and H-bonding catalysis covering the literature between 2000 and early 2024.1	Introduction2	Aminocatalysis3	NHC Catalysis4	H-Bonding Catalysis5	Miscellaneous6	Conclusion
Recent Advances in Asymmetric Addition Reactions to Isatins
Authors: Xie Ke , Li Ao , Chen Zhi-Chao , Chen Ying-Chun , Kong Bao-Rui , Du Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe 3-substituted-3-hydroxy-2-oxindole scaffolds are not only widely encountered in bioactive compounds but also serve as versatile building blocks for the construction of diverse valuable architectures. Although numerous synthetic methodologies have been developed over the past decades, the asymmetric addition of nucleophiles or their equivalents to isatin substrates has proved to be one of the most efficient strategies for the synthesis of chiral 3-substituted-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles. This Short Review aims to summarize the significant progress achieved in this field in recent years, with particular attention paid to reaction development, mechanism, and stereo-induction models.1	Introduction2	Asymmetric Alkylation of Isatins3	Asymmetric Alkenylation and Dienylation of Isatins4	Asymmetric Alkynylation of Isatins5	Asymmetric Allenylation of Isatins6	Asymmetric Arylation of Isatins7	Asymmetric Annulations of Isatins8	Conclusions and Outlooks
German Heart Surgery Report 2023: The Annual Updated Registry of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Beckmann Andreas , Meyer Renate , Eberhardt Jana , Gummert Jan , Falk Volkmar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBased on a voluntary registry, founded by the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (DGTHG) in 1980, a well-defined but limited dataset of all cardiac and vascular surgery procedures performed in 77 German heart surgery departments is reported annually. For the year 2023, a total of 168,841 procedures were submitted to the registry. Of these operations, 100,606 are defined as heart surgery procedures in a classical sense. The unadjusted in-hospital survival rate for the 28,996 isolated coronary artery bypass grafting procedures (relationship on-/off-pump 2.8:1) was 97.6%; 97.7% for the 39,859 isolated heart valve procedures (23,727 transcatheter interventions included); and 99.2% for 19,699 pacemaker/implantable cardioverter defibrillator procedures. Concerning short and long-term mechanical circulatory support, a total of 2,982 extracorporeal life support/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantations and 772 ventricular assist device implantations (left/right ventricular assist device, BVAD, total artificial heart) were reported. In 2023, 324 isolated heart transplantations, 248 isolated lung transplantations, and 2 combined heart–lung transplantations were performed. This annually updated registry of the DGTHG represents nonrisk adjusted voluntary public reporting and encompasses acute data for nearly all heart surgical procedures in Germany. It constitutes trends in heart medicine and represents a basis for quality management (e.g., benchmark) for all participating institutions.