bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐speed dynamic sensing and analysis of high voltage circuit breaker spring‐operating mechanism
Authors: Yuan Quan , Deng Lei , Lyu Qishen , Guo Hao , Zhang Xin , Wu Jibin , Yan Nianping , Wang Xilin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDiagnosing the operational status of High‐voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs) is crucial for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the grid. Mechanical characteristic parameters are effective indicators for evaluating the performance of HVCBs. Recent studies have shown that the actions of the springs and cams in HVCBs can be used to detect the operational status of the mechanical mechanisms, which occur extremely quickly, usually in the speed of m/ms. In this paper, dynamic vision sensing technology was employed to rapidly and dynamically capture the movements of the springs and cam of the HPL245B1 HVCB. The data volume of a single experiment is less than 100 MB, whereas the data collected by a high‐speed camera at the same frame rate exceeds 1 GB. Action data streams of the springs and cam were obtained and images were reconstructed from the event streams. The Lucas–Kanade optical flow algorithm and the normalised cross‐correlation algorithm are applied to calculate the parameters of spring deformation characteristics and cam rotation characteristics for mechanical feature detection of HVCBs. This is the first attempt to utilize brain‐inspired hardware technology for the status monitoring of electrical equipment. The advantages of dynamic vision sensing technology, such as high dynamic range, low data transmission, and low energy consumption, also offer significant benefits for air discharge monitoring and status monitoring of electrical equipment.
ZTF SN Ia DR2: Exploring SN Ia properties in the vicinity of under-dense environments
Authors: Aubert M. , Rosnet P. , Popovic B. , Ruppin F. , Smith M. , Rigault M. , Dimitriadis G. , Goobar A. , Johansson J. , Barjou-Delayre C. , Burgaz U. , Carreres B. , Feinstein F. , Fouchez D. , Galbany L. , Ginolin M. , de Jaeger T. , Kasliwal M. M. , Kim Y.-L. , Lacroix L. , Masci F. J. , Müller-Bravo T. E. , Racine B. , Ravoux C. , Regnault N. , Riddle R. L. , Rosselli D. , Rusholme B. , Smith R. , Sollerman J. , Terwel J. H. , Townsend A. 
Published: February 2025

Context. The unprecedented statistics of detected Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) brought by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) enable us to probe the impact of the large-scale structure (LSS) on the properties of these objects.
Aims. The goal of this paper is to explore the possible impact of the under-dense part of the LSS on the intrinsic SALT2 light-curve properties of SNe Ia and uncover possible biases in SN Ia analyses.
Methods. With a volume-limited selection of ZTF-Cosmo-DR2 SNe Ia overlapping with the SDSS-DR7 survey footprint, we investigated the distribution of their properties with regard to voids detected in the SDSS-DR7 galaxy sample. We further used Voronoi volumes as a proxy for local density environments within the LSS.
Results. We find a moderate dependency of the stretch on the localisation around the void centre and none when considering colour. The local Voronoi volumes mostly affect the fraction of low- and high-stretch supernovae.
Conclusions. With the presently available statistics, we consider that the impact of high- or low-local-density environment can be considered as a proxy for the colour of the host galaxy. Under-dense environments should not cause any biases in analyses of supernova.
A “five rights separation” framework for data rights confirmation in data element circulation
Authors: Zhao Jianbo , Liu Huailiang , Zhang Shanzhuang , Shu Kai , Fang Qisen , Zhang Weili , Tan Chufan , Zhang Xiaojin , Wang Yuehai , Qi Yanwei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Clarifying the rights subjects and their corresponding rights in data element circulation, and constructing a rational data rights confirmation framework,are crucial prerequisites for ensuring the smooth circulation of data elements. Employing an improved evidence-based model, this paper conducts evidence-based research on the traditional methodologies of data rights confirmation in the three major economic entities: the European Union, the United States, and China. The findings indicate that the European Union demonstrates strong systematicity and innovativeness in data rights confirmation, the United States exhibits strong specificity and adaptability, and China shows strong collectivism and developmental characteristics. As a result, this paper proposes a “five rights separation” framework for ternary data subjects, which balances the interests and needs of different data subjects while ensuring both efficiency and security in data element circulation. For the first time, this paper provides a new construction method and theoretical framework for data rights confirmation in data element circulation.Future research can expand the scope and depth of evidence-based studies, conduct empirical research, and implement pilot projects.
Active Brownian motion with inertia: The role of dimensionality
Authors: Lisin Evgeny A. , Lisina Irina I. 
Published: February 2025

The joint influence of rotational inertia and dimensionality on the translational motion of a free self-propelled (active) Brownian particle is studied. When the reduced moment of inertia is not large, the three-dimensional particle dynamics is statistically described by the equations for the two-dimensional case only with the doubled rotational diffusion coefficient. However, for large reduced moment of inertia, the three- and two-dimensional dynamics of the particle differ dramatically. It is shown that the time-dependent mean square particle displacement can be described by the active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck particle model, where the orientational persistence and momentum relaxation times are effectively corrected by the particle rotational inertia.
Single-crystal thermoelastic behavior of magnetoplumbite-type (Mg,Zr):SrGa12O19 and Pr:SrAl12O19 between 103 and 1573 K
Authors: Münchhalfen Marie , Schreuer Jürgen , Rhode Christian , Guguschev Christo 
Published: February 2025

The elastic behavior of Sr1.03Ga10.81Mg0.58Zr0.58O19 and Pr-doped SrAl12O19 single crystals grown by the top-seeded solution growth technique was investigated by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy at temperatures between 103 and 1573 K. The coefficients of thermal expansion were obtained by high-resolution dilatometry in the same temperature range. Values for bulk moduli at ambient temperatures are 206.5 and 181.0 GPa for Pr-doped SrAl12O19 and Sr1.03Ga10.81Mg0.58Zr0.58O19, respectively. The aluminate possesses higher values of the mean elastic stiffness compared to the gallate, which can be related to different oxygen packing densities. Apart from these differences, their elastic anisotropy is very similar, as expressed by the ratio of the maximum and minimum of the longitudinal elastic stiffness of 1.34 and 1.35, respectively. In the case of Pr-doped SrAl12O19, an unexpected, fully reversible softening of the stiffness coefficient c33 is noteworthy below 500 K, which is accompanied by a negative thermal expansion. In addition, Pr-doped SrAl12O19 possesses a well-reproducible strong ultrasound attenuation between 700 and 900 K, which can be interpreted as anelastic relaxation of point defects with an activation energy of 0.65 eV.
Adolescents abroad and bullying
Authors: Ferry-Meystre Murielle 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article draws on a larger research project investigating Swiss adolescents’ study abroad (SA) experiences and
offers a detailed case study centered on the social integration of a 16-year-old student, Lily, during her year in England. A
highly sociable individual and a skilled basketball player, Lily’s narrative sheds light on the intricate challenges associated
with social integration during a SA program, revealing complex power dynamics among teenage high school students, with bullying
emerging as a poignant manifestation. It challenges the prevailing discourse that often idealizes language learning during
immersion as a straightforward and enjoyable process within a friendly and supportive host environment. Instead, it delves into
the sensitive issue of adolescents abroad facing instances of bullying. Communities of practice and
othering provide valuable insights into the unfriendly attitudes exhibited by the hosts and Lily’s defensive
response, contributing to a nuanced understanding of the dynamics at play during adolescent SA experiences.
In nature, there are fluctuating electric fields outside an infinite solenoid
Authors: Boyer Timothy H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Because the relativistic transformation of time involves spatial coordinates, multipole moments can take on very di¤erent values in relatively-moving inertial frames. As a related aspect, an in&#x85;-nite solenoid of&#x85;nite cross-section will have non-zero uctuating electric&#x85;elds outside its winding arising from the discrete charges carrying the solenoid currents. In the rest frame of the solenoid, the time averages of these uctuations vanish and may be ignored. However, these time- uctuating electric&#x85;elds have non-zero time averages in an inertial frame where the solenoid is moving perpendicular to its axis and play an important role in the classical electromagnetic interpretation of the Aharonov-Bohm phase shift. Here we illustrate these ideas for a circular current loop, and then note their applicability to solenoids and toroids. The ideal magnetic moment with no charges and no spatial extent is completely unphysical, and is seen to lead, in a moving inertial frame, to a di¤erent and incorrect average electric&#x85;eld from that where discrete charges are used and the radius of the magnetic moment is&#x85;nite.&#xD;
Incorporating IYPT problems into large-enrollment introductory physics labs for inquiry-based learning
Authors: Wei XianTao , Wang Zhongping , Zhao Wei , Zhang Zengming , Sun Lazhen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In 2010, the International Young Physicists' Tournament (IYPT) was introduced to China as an exploratory practical physics activity for young students. Over the past decade, accompanied by annual competitions, students have gradually come to appreciate this research and learning approach around open-ended problems. Since 2018, we have established a lab focused on inquiry-based learning around the annual IYPT problems and redesigned introductory physics laboratory course, serving a large number of first-year students. Since then, the teaching team has continuously refined the teaching process and arrangements. This article focuses on introducing the entire teaching program and student feedback for the redesigned introductory physics laboratory that incorporating IYPT Problems with inquiry-based physics experimental teaching methods to serve a large number of students. We hope to provide valuable references for other institutions.
Efficient and eco-friendly preparation of hydrophilic boron nitride nanosheets for enhanced filtration properties
Authors: Wang Yongliang , Zhang Chao , Du Daozhong , Wang Yun , Li Ruitao , Liu Zhenqiang , Yang Kaiwen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The exceptional properties of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) render them promising for diverse applications. Nevertheless, the obstacles of effectively readying them and their restricted ability to disperse in liquids are current constraints. In this study, a simple and efficient glucose-assisted mechanochemical exfoliation method was developed to achieve simultaneous exfoliation and functionalization of BNNSs. The BNNSs yield reached 87.5%, featuring grafted hydroxyl groups at the edges and well dispersed in water. Furthermore, the prepared BNNSs were dispersed into water and subsequently incorporated into a nanofiltration membrane using vacuum filtration. The vacuum filtration produced the BNNSs nanofiltration membrane with high water flux and flexibility interception rate due to its excellent dispersibility. The optimal interception rate of the BNNSs filter membrane for a 2 mg•ml-1 Congo red (CR) solution was 96.12%, and the optimal flux of the BNNSs filter membrane for pure water was 1312 L•m-2•h-1•bar-1 according to the experiments. Additionally, the adsorption performance of BNNSs with different functionalized groups (e.g., hydroxyl and amino) for CR and heavy metal ions (copper ions) was studied through density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations. This study not only present a highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective method for preparing hydrophilic BNNSs to enhance their yield, but also investigated and predicted the interception rate and flux of BNNSs nanofiltration membranes functionalized with different functional groups for water contaminated with metal ions and dyes.
A theoretical framework for the design of two-wire antagonistic SMA systems based on the butterfly-like stress–strain behavior
Authors: Hmede Rodayna , Waibaye Adoum , Cesare Noëlie Di , Chapelle Frédéric , Lapusta Yuri , Destrebecq Jean-François , Balandraud Xavier 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Specific thermomechanical responses of shape memory alloy (SMA) components used in actuators or mechanism architectures need to be taken into account right from the design phases. This paper presents a simple modeling framework for rapid analysis of a system composed of two antagonistic SMA wires for which the ambient temperature lies between the martensite-start and austenite-start temperatures of the alloy. The influence of significant factors are addressed in the paper: the procedure for initializing the system (prestressed or not) before entering the thermal actuation sequence, the impact of the variation in Young’s modulus of the SMA wires during their phase transformation, and the influence of an external force applied to the system. The two-wire model, based on piecewise-linear one-dimensional mechanical equations generalizing the temperature-dependent stress–strain behavior of the SMA, describes the butterfly-like force–displacement response of the wires under cyclic thermal actuation. Its construction is based on experimental data obtained from uniaxial tensile tests on individual wires, as well as on a Joule-activated two-wire antagonistic device. We show that the simplicity of the model’s formalism allows pre-sizing of devices involving two-wire antagonistic SMA architectures on the basis of force, stroke and useful work.
Distributed time-varying optimal resource allocation: A collective neurodynamic approach
Authors: Cai Xin , Chen Xingzhi , Sun Ming , Gao Bingpeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A collective neurodynamic approach is presented in this paper to solve a distributed time-varying resource allocation problem in which both non-quadratic local objective functions and a global equality constraint vary with time. Resorting to a dynamic average consensus protocol to estimate certain global information, a novel neurodynamic approach with a two-time scale structure is proposed to track asymptotically the time-varying optimal resource allocation of the given problem in a distributed manner. It is analyzed that the presented neurodynamic model, which is regarded as a singular perturbation system, converges to the time-varying optimal resource allocation by the singular perturbation theory. At last, the obtained results are verified by two numerical examples, from which the designed method has better convergence accuracy than the existing work.
Detectable signals of post-Born lensing curl B-modes
Authors: Robertson Mathew , Fabbian Giulio , Carron Julien , Lewis Antony 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Curl lensing, also known as lensing field-rotation or shear B-modes, is a distinct post-Born observable caused by two lensing deflections at different redshifts (lens-lens coupling). For the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), the field-rotation is approximately four orders of magnitude smaller than the CMB lensing convergence. Direct detection is therefore challenging for near-future CMB experiments such as the Simons Observatory (SO) or CMB `Stage-4' (CMB-S4). Instead, the curl can be probed in cross-correlation between a direct reconstruction and a template formed using pairs of large-scale structure (LSS) tracers to emulate the lens-lens coupling. In this paper, we derive a new estimator for the optimal curl template specifically adapted for curved-sky applications, and test it against non-Gaussian complications using N-body cosmology simulations. We find non-foreground biases to the curl cross-spectrum are purely Gaussian at the sensitivity of SO. However, higher-order curl contractions induce non-Gaussian bias at the order of 1σ for CMB-S4 using quadratic estimators (QE). Maximum a-Posteriori (MAP) lensing estimators significantly reduce biases for both SO and CMB-S4, in agreement with our analytic predictions. We also show that extragalactic foregrounds in the CMB can bias curl measurements at order of the signal, and evaluate a variety of mitigation strategies to control these biases for SO-like experiments. Near-future observations will be able to measure post-Born lensing curl B-modes.
Constraints on typical relic gravitational waves based on data of LIGO
Authors: Zhang Minghui , Wen Hao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Relic gravitational waves (RGWs) from the early universe carry crucial and fundamental cosmological information. Therefore, it is of extraordinary importance to investigate potential RGW signals in the data from observatories such as the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network. Here, focusing on typical RGWs from the inflation and the first-order phase transition (by sound waves and bubble collisions), effective and targeted deep learning neural networks are established to search for these RGW signals within the real LIGO data (O2, O3a and O3b). Through adjustment and adaptation processes, we develop suitable Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to estimate the likelihood (characterized by quantitative values and distributions) that the focused RGW signals are present in the LIGO data. We find that if the constructed CNN properly estimates the parameters of the RGWs, it can determine with high accuracy (approximately 94% to 99%) whether the samples contain such RGW signals; otherwise, the likelihood provided by the CNN cannot be considered reliable. After testing a large amount of LIGO data, the findings show no evidence of RGWs from: 1) inflation, 2) sound waves, or 3) bubble collisions, as predicted by the focused theories. The results also provide upper limits of their GW spectral energy densities of h^2Ω_{gw} ~10^{-5}, respectively for parameter boundaries within 1) [β∈(-1.85,-1.87) × α∈(0.005,0.007)], 2) [β/H_{pt}∈(0.02,0.16)× α∈(1,10)×T_{pt}∈(5∗10^9,10^10)Gev], and 3) [β/H_{pt}∈(0.08,0.2)× α∈(1,10)×T_{pt}∈(5∗10^9,8∗10^10) Gev]. In short, null results and upper limits are obtained, and the analysis suggests that our developed methods and neural networks to search for typical RGWs in the LIGO data are effective and reliable, providing a viable scheme for exploring possible RGWs from the early universe and placing constraints on relevant cosmological theories.
QCD axion bubbles in the presence of ALP resonant conversion
Authors: Li Hai-Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The QCD axion bubbles can form due to an explicit breaking of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry in the early Universe. &#xD;In this paper, we investigate the modified formation of QCD axion bubble in the presence of axionlike particle (ALP), considering its resonant conversion to QCD axion. &#xD;We consider a general scenario where the QCD axion mixes with ALP before the QCD phase transition. &#xD;In this scenario, the energy density of the ALP can be adiabatic transferred to the QCD axion at a temperature $T_R$, resulting in the suppression of the cosmic background temperature $T_B$ at which the energy density of the QCD axion equals that of the radiation. &#xD;The QCD axion bubbles form when the QCD axions arise during the QCD phase transition. &#xD;Finally, we briefly discuss the impact of the formation of QCD axion bubbles on the formation of primordial black holes.
Optimised solution-phase synthesis of NanoMIPs for protein detection in electrochemical diagnostics
Authors: Stephen Andrei N , Holden Mark A , Sullivan Mark Vincent , Turner Nicholas W , Dennison Sarah R , Reddy Subrayal M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
NanoMIPs are nanoscale molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) ranging in size between 30 to 300 nm offering a high affinity binding reagent as an alternative to antibodies. They are being extensively research for applications in biological extraction, disease diagnostics and biosensors. Various methodologies for nanoMIP production have been reported demonstrating variable timescales required, sustainability, ease of synthesis and final yields. We report herein a fast (< 1hr) method for one pot aqueous phase synthesis of nanoMIPs using an acrylamide-based monomer and N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide crosslinker. NanoMIPs were produced for a model protein template namely haemoglobin from bovine species. We demonstrate that nanoMIPs can be produced within 15 minutes. We investigated reaction quenching times between 5 and 20 minutes. Dynamic light scattering results demonstrate a distribution of particle sizes (30 nm to 900 nm) depending on reaction termination time, with hydrodynamic particle diameter increasing with increasing reaction time. We attribute this to not only particle growth due to polymer chain growth but based on AFM analysis, also a tendency (after reaction termination) for particles to agglomerate at longer reaction times. Batches of nanoMIPs ranging 400 to 800 nm, 200 to 400 nm and 100 to 200 nm were isolated using membrane filtration. The batches were captured serially on decreasing pore size microporous polycarbonate membranes (800 to 100 nm) and then released with sonication to isolate nanoMIP batches in the aforementioned ranges. Rebinding affinities of each batch were determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, by first trapping nanoMIP particles within an electropolymerized thin layer. Binding constants determined for NanoMIPs using the E-MIP sensor approach are in good agreement with surface plasmon resonance results. We offer a rapid (<2 hr) and scalable method for the mass production (40-80 mg per batch) of high affinity nanoMIPs.
DeepAir: Deep learning and satellite imagery to estimate high-resolution PM2.5 at scale
Authors: Guo Wenxuan , Hu Zhaoping , Jin Ling , Xu Yanyan , Gonzalez Marta 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Air pollution, specifically PM2.5, has become a significant global concern owing to its detrimental impacts on public health. Even so, the high-resolution monitoring of air pollution is still a challenge on a global scale. To cope with this, machine learning techniques have been utilized to infer the concentration of air pollutants at a fine scale. In this study, we propose DeepAir, a learning framework for estimating PM2.5 concentrations at a fine scale with sparsely distributed observations. DeepAir integrates a pre-trained convolutional neural network with the LightGBM method. This framework estimates the PM2.5 concentration of a given patch, utilizing a synergy of geographical information, meteorological conditions, and satellite observations. We select California as the focal region and train the model with data from 2014 to 2017 provided by 130 PM2.5 observation stations in the state. Upon training, the model can be applied to estimate the daily PM2.5 concentrations at 1km resolution across California. Our methodology meticulously incorporates meteorological variables, with a particular emphasis on wildfire propagation, and contemplates the complex interplay of various features. To ascertain the efficacy of our model, we employ the 10-fold cross-validation technique, which confirms that our model surpasses traditional machine learning and standalone deep learning methods.