bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Makes Eco‐Transformation of Industrial Parks Take Off in China?
Authors: Yu Chang , Dijkema Gerard P.J. , de Jong Martin 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis article focuses on the effects of policy instruments for developing viable eco‐industrial parks (EIPs) in China. We analyzed the root of China's national EIP program and inventoried the general instruments available to local authorities to shape and promote eco‐industrial development. Empirical research conducted in Tianjin Economic‐technological Development Area and Dalian Development Area led to the activities and actions conducted by local authorities. A quantitative method, technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution, was adopted to reveal the effects of policy instruments for comparative analysis. We conclude that the planned EIP model is useful in the early stage of EIP development, and, subsequently, it should be combined with a facilitated model to achieve long‐term goals for eco‐transformation. To this end, the policy package of economic, regulatory, and voluntary instruments should be integrated and tailored in alignment with the local situation.
KoreanWorkEnvironmentScales forClinicalNurses
Authors: Kim Jong‐Kyung , Kim Se‐Young , Yu Mi , Kim Myung Ja , Lee Kyoung‐A 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to develop an assessment tool for the hospital nursing work environment inKorea.MethodsThe participants were 564 clinical nurses who worked in 13 hospitals in seven provinces in regions throughoutSouthKorea; they worked in medical–surgical nursing, pediatric and maternal nursing, intensive care unit, and other areas. The data analysis relied on descriptive analysis and exploratory factor analysis, including varimax rotation, and reliability was determined usingSPSSsoftware.ResultsThe final assessment tool, theKoreanWorkEnvironmentScales forClinicalNurses (KWES‐CN) was composed of 39 items divided into nine factors: (i) manager leadership; (ii) supporting environment for nursing work; (iii) patient care environment and professional activities; (iv) violence within ward; (v) sufficient inventory and supply; (vi) hospital's support for working environment; (vii) recognition and respect; (viii) satisfaction with work schedule; and (ix) computer problems. The total variance for validity described by the nine factors was 58.7% and the reliability of the tool was aCronbach's alpha of 0.87.ConclusionThis final assessment tool will be used to improve nursing work. Further research must be conducted to verify the reliability and validity of this tool, and evaluations of nursing quality and patient results related to the nursing environment.
Working memory recall precision is a more sensitive index than span
Authors: Zokaei Nahid , Burnett Heyes Stephanie , Gorgoraptis Nikos , Budhdeo Sanjay , Husain Masud 
Published: September 2014

Delayed adjustment tasks have recently been developed to examine working memory (WM) precision, that is, the resolution with which items maintained in memory are recalled. However, despite their emerging use in experimental studies of healthy people, evaluation of patient populations is sparse. We first investigated the validity of adjustment tasks, comparing precision with classical span measures of memory across the lifespan in 114 people. Second, we asked whether precision measures can potentially provide a more sensitive measure of WM than traditional span measures. Specifically, we tested this hypothesis examining WM in a group with early, untreated Parkinson's disease (PD) and its modulation by subsequent treatment on dopaminergic medication. Span measures correlated with precision across the lifespan: in children, young, and elderly participants. However, they failed to detect changes in WM in PD patients, either pre‐ or post‐treatment initiation. By contrast, recall precision was sensitive enough to pick up such changes. PD patients pre‐medication were significantly impaired compared to controls, but improved significantly after 3 months of being established on dopaminergic medication. These findings suggest that precision methods might provide a sensitive means to investigate WM and its modulation by interventions in clinical populations.
Risk assessment and absconding: perceptions, understandings and responses of mental health nurses
Authors: Grotto Jessica , Gerace Adam , O'Kane Deb , Simpson Alan , Oster Candice , Muir‐Cochrane Eimear 
Published: September 2014

Aims and objectivesThis paper reports mental health nurses' perspectives of absconding. The aims of the study were to explore nurses' perceptions of risk assessment and management practices regarding absconding from acute inpatient psychiatric settings, and their affective responses when patients absconded.BackgroundNurses are directly involved in managing the risk of patients leaving hospital while acutely unwell, as well as dealing with the implications of an absconding event. However, despite their key role, few studies have explored nurses' perceptions of absconding.DesignAn interpretive inquiry was undertaken using a systematic thematic approach.MethodsMental health nurses (n = 11) from three acute inpatient mental health units in Australia took part in semi‐structured interviews, with a focus on the nurses' experiences of working with patients who had absconded. Data were analysed using systematic thematic coding procedures.ResultsNurses' assessment of a patient's risk of absconding involved the use of clinical judgement, focusing on markers of absconding including the patient's history and clinical presentation. The acuity of the perceived risk determined the type of risk management strategy implemented, which could include support, observation and/or the use of containment procedures. Nurses responded with a myriad of affective reactions when patients absconded depending on their assessment of the patient's risk.ConclusionsSupport and debriefing is required for mental health nurses following an absconding event. Additional research is vital to identify alternative absconding assessment and management strategies to ensure the best possible outcome for patients and nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceMental health nurses play a central role in risk assessment and management for absconding, with fear of repercussions a significant consequence for them. This research highlights the importance of both clinical judgment and standardised instruments in assessing absconding risk. Further research is needed to identify alternative evidence‐based absconding management strategies to support nursing practice.
Validation of a clinical leadership qualities framework for managers in aged care: aDelphi study
Authors: Jeon Yun‐Hee , Conway Jane , Chenoweth Lynn , Weise Janelle , Thomas Tamsin HT , Williams Anna 
Published: September 2014

Aims and objectivesTo establish validity of a clinical leadership framework for aged care middle managers (The Aged care Clinical Leadership Qualities Framework).BackgroundMiddle managers in aged care have responsibility not only for organisational governance also and operational management but also quality service delivery. There is a need to better define clinical leadership abilities in aged care middle managers, in order to optimise their positional authority to lead others to achieve quality outcomes.DesignA Delphi method.MethodsSixty‐nine experts in aged care were recruited, representing rural, remote and metropolitan community and residential aged care settings. Panellists were asked to rate the proposed framework in terms of the relevance and importance of each leadership quality using four‐point Likert scales, and to provide comments. Three rounds of consultation were conducted. The number and corresponding percentage of the relevance and importance rating for each quality was calculated for each consultation round, as well as mean scores. Consensus was determined to be reached when a percentage score reached 70% or greater.ResultsTwenty‐three panellists completed all three rounds of consultation. Following the three rounds of consultation, the acceptability and face validity of the framework was confirmed.ConclusionsThe study confirmed the framework as useful in identifying leadership requirements for middle managers in Australian aged care settings. The framework is the first validated framework of clinical leadership attributes for middle managers in aged care and offers an initial step forward in clarifying the aged care middle manager role.Relevance to clinical practiceThe framework provides clarity in the breadth of role expectations for the middle managers and can be used to inform an aged care specific leadership program development, individuals' and organisations' performance and development processes; and policy and guidelines about the types of activities required of middle managers in aged care.
Prevalence and incidence of early childhood caries among African‐American children in Alabama
Authors: Ghazal Tariq , Levy Steven M. , Childers Noel K. , Broffitt Barbara , Cutter Gary , Wiener Howard W. , Kempf Mirjam , Warren John , Cavanaugh Joseph 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to assess the prevalence and incidence of early childhood caries (ECC) in African‐American children.MethodsA cohort of 96 African‐American children approximately 1 year of age at baseline were recruited in Uniontown, Alabama, and followed for 3 years. Oral examinations were conducted annually by one of three trained/calibrated dentists using portable equipment, without radiographs, following WHO criteria.ResultsThe prevalence of decayed/missing/filled surfaces (dmfs) was: 1.1 percent (all d) at approximately age 1 (n = 90, six children were excluded for having no erupted teeth); 12.8 percent (d = 10.5 percent & f = 4.7 percent) at age 2 (n = 86); 39.3 percent (d = 21.4 percent, m = 2.4 percent & f = 22.6 percent) at age 3 (n = 84); and 65.8 percent (d = 28.8 percent, m = 5.5 & f = 46.6 percent) at age 4 (n = 73). The percentages of incisors, canines, first molars, and second molars with dmfs were: 0.1 percent, 0.0 percent, 0.0 percent, and 0.0 percent, at age 1; 2.4 percent, 0.1 percent, 0.8 percent, and 0.6 percent at age 2; 8.2 percent, 0.8 percent, 7.6 percent, and 6.3 percent at age 3; and 10.2 percent, 2.2 percent, 12.6 percent and 16.7 percent at age 4, respectively. The three, 1‐year, person‐level incidence rates were 12.8 percent (age 1 to age 2), 38.6 percent (age 2 to age 3), and 56.2 percent (age 3 to age 4). From baseline, the 2‐year incidence was 39.3 percent and 3‐year incidence was 65.8 percent, whereas the 2‐year caries incidence from age 1 to age 3 was 66.7 percent (n = 72).ConclusionThe majority of children developed caries during the 3‐year follow‐up, which is much higher than the 32 percent prevalence of caries among African‐American children under age 6 years in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2002.
Total polysaccharide of Yupingfeng protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting transforming growth factor-β1-mediated type I collagen abnormal deposition in rats
Authors: Xu Liang , Li Liu-cheng , Zhao Ping , Qi Lian-wen , Li Ping , Gao Jian , Fei Guang-he 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Objective
This study was to explore the antifibrotic effect and the possible mechanism of total polysaccharides of Yupingfeng (YPF-P) on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

Methods
Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by BLM (5 mg/kg), killed 14 and 28 days after BLM administration by abdominal aorta exsanguination and removed the lungs. Lung coefficient was counted at the same time. Besides, H&E and Masson's trichrome staining for histopathological changes of lung tissues were observed. Additionally, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining techniques were used to detect expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), type I collagen (Col-I) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Finally, the levels of Col-I and hydroxyproline (HYP) in lung tissues were also utilized.

Key findings
YPF-P alleviated the increase of lung coefficient induced by BLM instillation in pulmonary fibrosis rat, pathologic changes and collagen distribution were obviously ameliorated, while the increase of α-SMA-positive cells and TGF-β1 expression was prevented after YPF-P treatment. Moreover, the contents of HYP and Col-I were decreased in YPF-P group.

Conclusions
YPF-P had antifibrotic effect in experiment, which may reduce the synthesis and promote the deposition of Col-I via suppressing the increase of TGF-β1-mediated activation of myofibroblasts.
Nucleotropic doxorubicin nanoparticles decrease cancer cell viability, destroy mitochondria, induce autophagy and enhance tumour necrosis
Authors: Friedhuber Anna M , Chandolu Vijay , Manchun Somkamon , Donkor Osaana , Sriamornsak Pornsak , Dass Crispin R 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Objective
Doxorubicin (Dox) is used clinically against various neoplasias, but suffers from serious side effects, and for the past three decades, this shortcoming has spurred research towards finding better drug delivery systems (DDSs) for this frontline drug.

Methods
A non-targeted nucleotropic Dox-loaded nanoparticle (DNP) DDS is described, which has a simple chemical design, is easy to formulate and administer, is inexpensive, non-biohazardous and may prove to be useful clinically.

Key findings
The DNP formulated via vortex-assisted complex coarcevation enhanced (300-fold) cell-inhibitory activity of the drug in a panel of human cancer cells (osteosarcoma, breast, prostate and colorectal cancer) and enhanced (10-fold) efficacy against osteosarcoma (OS) in vivo. The slow-release DNPs localised to the endoplasmic reticulum disrupted the mitochondria and entered the nucleus. Prominent cytosolic vacuolisation, budding off of portions of the cytoplasm, both suggestive of autophagy, were observed. Mice that were administered with DNPs intratumorally had the smallest tumours at the end of the study, with more necrotic hotspots.

Conclusion
This promising nucleotropic DDS enhances the cell delivery and activity of Dox against a variety of human cancer cell lines and in OS tumours in mice.
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis vs autophagy with prolonged doxorubicin treatment: comparison with osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Tacar Oktay , Indumathy Sivanjah , Tan Mei Lin , Baindur-Hudson Swati , Friedhuber Anna M , Dass Crispin R 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Objective
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a frontline chemotherapeutic against osteosarcoma (OS) that is plagued by side effects, particularly in the heart. The specific objective of this article is to investigate whether low-dose Dox treatment had pro-autophagic effects in cardiomyocytes as well as osteosarcoma cells.

Methods
This study characterises apoptotic (Bax) and autophagic (Beclin-1) biomarker levels in human OS and cardiomyocyte cell lines as well as in various tissues when mice are exposed to low (1 mg/kg, thrice weekly) and high (3 mg/kg thrice weekly) dose Dox for a month.

Key findings
There was a decrease in Bax and increase in Beclin-1 in cardiac tissue in the high-dose group. Dox decreased Beclin-1 in the skin and liver, with no clear indication in the stomach, small intestine and testis. At low Dox doses of 10 and 100 nm in cardiomyocytes and OS cells, there is a pro-apoptotic effect, with a quicker response in the 100-nm condition, and a slower but steady increase of a pro-apoptotic response at the lower 10-nm dose. However, electron microscopy images revealed changes to human OS cells that resembled autophagy. Human prostate, breast and colorectal cells treated with 10-nm Dox showed ∼ 40% reduction in cell viability after 24 h.

Conclusion
In culture, cells of both cardiomyocytes and OS revealed a predominant pro-apoptotic response at the expense of autophagy, although both seemed to be occurring in vivo.
Genome scans for the contemporary response to selection in quantitative traits
Authors: Lotterhos Katie E. , Schaal Sara M. 
Published: September 2014

Genome scans have been an important approach for discovering historical signatures of selection in both model and nonmodel species. An exciting new experimental design for genome scans is to measure the change in allele frequency before and after contemporary selection within a generation, from a single population. The most widely‐used methods, however, have two major limitations: they are based on testing one locus at a time, and they only have power to uncover loci that have evolved under relatively strong selection. On the other hand, complex quantitative traits are common in nature and are caused by several loci of small effect. Selection on a quantitative trait at the phenotypic level is predicted to be accompanied by subtle allele frequency changes in many loci that covary (a polygenic soft sweep), rather than a large, single‐effect allele (a selective sweep). In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Bourret et al. (2014) measure the contemporary response to natural selection across the genome in multiple cohorts of Atlantic salmon during their first year at sea. They introduce a multilocus framework based on groups of markers that covary in their genotypic distribution. While the traditional, single‐locus approach did not find evidence for repeated patterns of selection, the multivariate approach found that a group of covarying SNPs was selected for in different cohorts at one site. Their multilocus framework has potential to be a more fruitful approach for uncovering the genomic basis of adaptation in quantitative traits, although caution should be applied as the framework has yet to be validated with simulated data.
Correlation between oropharyngeal pH‐monitoring and esophageal pH‐impedance monitoring in patients with suspected GERD‐related extra‐esophageal symptoms
Authors: Mazzoleni G. , Vailati C. , Lisma D. G. , Testoni P. A. , Passaretti S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground24‐hour esophageal pH‐impedance (pH‐MII) is not totally reliable for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Oropharyngeal (OP) pH‐monitoring with the Dx‐pH probe may detect LPR better. The correlation between these two techniques is not thoroughly established. Aim of this study is to examine the correlation between OP pH‐metry and esophageal pH‐MII monitoring.MethodsThirty‐six consecutive patients with suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease‐related extra‐esophageal symptoms were evaluated using 24‐h OP‐pH and concomitant esophageal pH‐MII monitoring. OP events were defined as: drop in pH below thresholds of 5.5, 5.0, 4.5, 4.0 or drop in pH of at least 10% from a running baseline. Temporal relationship between OP and esophageal reflux events and outcomes of the two tests were evaluated.Key Results2394 refluxes were detected by pH‐MII; of these only 120 were detected also by OP Dx‐probe. On the other hand, the proportion of OP‐pH events which were temporally related to an episode of distal reflux ranged from 0% to 17%, depending on the proximal pH criteria used. In 8/36 patients both tests were pathological, while in 10/36 they were both normal; 14/36 patients had pathological OP reflux, but a normal pH‐MII test; 4/36 patients had pathological pH‐MII, but a normal OP reflux.Conclusions & InferencesThe correlation between OP pH‐metry and pH‐MII was weak. At present, the absence of a reliable gold standard for the diagnosis of LPR and the uncertain etiology of the pharyngeal pH alterations make it difficult to decide which is the most reliable technique for the diagnosis of true LPR.
Lesson of the month: festinare lente – a case where a malignant ulcer was not all that it seemed to be
Authors: O'Hare L. , Napier S. , Marley J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAs an oral surgeon, it is essential to recognise the various forms of malignancy within the mouth as promptly as possible, to diagnose accurately and early and be able to communicate effectively with a range of multidisciplinary teams. This case describes an elderly lady who was referred with a malignant‐looking ulcer on the right ventral surface of the tongue. However, in spite of convincing evidence from histopathology, there remained a lingering doubt of the diagnosis with the oral surgery component of the multidisciplinary team (MDT).Comprehensive investigation and extensive discussion led to review of the diagnosis, ultimately recognising it as Epstein Barr Virus‐positive mucocutaneous ulcer, a rare but reactive lymphoproliferative disorder, presenting as a relapsing and remitting ulcer. This case highlights the importance of careful preoperative assessment and clinicopathological correlation to ensure confidence in the diagnosis, particularly when dealing with unusual lesions, and should encourage active participation by all of the professional groups at the MDT meeting.
Is there potential to adapt soybean (Glycine max Merr.) to future [CO2]? An analysis of the yield response of 18 genotypes in free‐air CO2 enrichment
Authors: BISHOP KRISTEN A. , BETZELBERGER AMY M. , LONG STEPHEN P. , AINSWORTH ELIZABETH A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRising atmospheric [CO2] is a uniform, global change that increases C3 photosynthesis and could offset some of the negative effects of global climate change on crop yields. Genetic variation in yield responsiveness to rising [CO2] would provide an opportunity to breed more responsive crop genotypes. A multi‐year study of 18 soybean (Glycine max Merr.) genotypes was carried out to identify variation in responsiveness to season‐long elevated [CO2] (550 ppm) under fully open‐air replicated field conditions. On average across 18 genotypes, elevated [CO2] stimulated total above‐ground biomass by 22%, but seed yield by only 9%, in part because most genotypes showed a reduction in partitioning of energy to seeds. Over four years of study, there was consistency from year to year in the genotypes that were most and least responsive to elevated [CO2], suggesting heritability of CO2 response. Further analysis of six genotypes did not reveal a photosynthetic basis for the variation in yield response. Although partitioning to seed was decreased, cultivars with the highest partitioning coefficient in current [CO2] also had the highest partitioning coefficient in elevated [CO2]. The results show the existence of genetic variation in soybean response to elevated [CO2], which is needed to breed soybean to the future atmospheric environment.
Molecular and biochemical properties of two P1B2‐ATPases, CsHMA3 and CsHMA4, from cucumber
Authors: MIGOCKA MAGDALENA , PAPIERNIAK ANNA , MACIASZCZYK‐DZIUBINSKA EWA , POSYNIAK EWELINA , KOSIERADZKA ANNA 
Published: September 2014

AbstractP1B‐ATPases (heavy metal ATPases, HMAs) constitute a multigenic subfamily of P‐ATPases involved in the transport of monovalent and divalent heavy metals in plant cells. Here, we present the organization of genes encoding the HMA family in the cucumber genome and report the function and biochemical properties of two cucumber proteins homologous to the HMA2‐4‐like plant HMAs. Eight genes encoding putative P1B‐ATPases were identified in the cucumber genome. Among them, CsHMA3 was predominantly expressed in roots and up‐regulated by Pb, Zn and Cd excess, whereas the CsHMA4 transcript was most abundant in roots and flowers of cucumber plants, and elevated under Pb and Zn excess. Expression of CsHMA3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhanced yeast tolerance to Cd and Pb, whereas CsHMA4 conferred increased resistance of yeast cells to Cd and Zn. Immunostaining with specific antibodies raised against cucumber proteins revealed tonoplast localization of CsHMA3 and plasma membrane localization of CsHMA4 in cucumber root cells. Kinetic studies of CsHMA3 and CsHMA4 in yeast membranes indicated differing heavy metal cation affinities of these two proteins. Altogether, the results suggest an important role of CsHMA3 and CsHMA4 in Cd and Pb detoxification and Zn homeostasis in cucumber cells.