bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Peer pressure’ in larval Drosophila?
Authors: Niewalda Thomas , Jeske Ines , Michels Birgit , Gerber Bertram 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Understanding social behaviour requires a study case that is simple enough to be tractable, yet complex enough to remain interesting. Do larval Drosophila meet these requirements? In a broad sense, this question can refer to effects of the mere presence of other larvae on the behaviour of a target individual. Here we focused in a more strict sense on ‘peer pressure’, that is on the question of whether the behaviour of a target individual larva is affected by what a surrounding group of larvae is doing. We found that innate olfactory preference of a target individual was neither affected (i) by the level of innate olfactory preference in the surrounding group nor (ii) by the expression of learned olfactory preference in the group. Likewise, learned olfactory preference of a target individual was neither affected (iii) by the level of innate olfactory preference of the surrounding group nor (iv) by the learned olfactory preference the group was expressing. We conclude that larval Drosophila thus do not take note of specifically what surrounding larvae are doing. This implies that in a strict sense, and to the extent tested, there is no social interaction between larvae. These results validate widely used en mass approaches to the behaviour of larval Drosophila.
Cold temperature improves mobility and survival in drosophila models of Autosomal-Dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (AD-HSP)
Authors: Baxter Sally L. , Allard Denise E. , Crowl Christopher , Sherwood Nina Tang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAutosomal-Dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (AD-HSP) is a crippling neurodegenerative disease for which effective treatment or cure remains unknown. Victims experience progressive mobility loss due to degeneration of the longest axons in the spinal cord. Over half of AD-HSP cases arise from loss of function mutations in spastin, which encodes a microtubule-severing AAA ATPase. In Drosophila models of AD-HSP, larvae lacking Spastin exhibit abnormal motoneuron morphology and function, and most die as pupae. Adult survivors display impaired mobility, reminiscent of the human disease. Here, we show that rearing pupae or adults at reduced temperature (18˚C), compared to the standard temperature of 24˚C, improves the survival and mobility of adult spastin mutants but leaves wild type flies unaffected. Flies expressing human spastin with pathogenic mutations are similarly rescued. Additionally, larval cooling partially rescues the larval synaptic phenotype. Cooling thus alleviates known spastin phenotypes for each developmental stage at which it is administered, and notably, is effective even in mature adults. We find further that cold treatment rescues larval synaptic defects in mutants of Flower, a protein with no known relation to Spastin, and mobility defects in flies lacking Kat60-L1, another microtubule severing protein enriched in the CNS. Together, these data support that cold's beneficial effects extend beyond specific alleviation of Spastin dysfunction, to at least a subset of cellular and behavioral neuronal defects. Mild hypothermia, a common neuroprotective technique in clinical treatment of acute anoxia, may thus hold additional promise as a therapeutic approach for AD-HSP, and potentially, other neurodegenerative diseases.
Pathological mineralization in a zebrafishenpp1mutant exhibits features of Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI) and Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE)
Authors: Apschner Alexander , Huitema Leonie F. A. , Ponsioen Bas , Peterson-Maduro Josi , Schulte-Merker Stefan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn recent years it has become clear that, mechanistically, biomineralization is a process that has to be actively inhibited as a default state. This inhibition has to be released in a rigidly controlled manner in order for mineralization to occur in skeletal elements or teeth. A central aspect of this concept is the tightly controlled balance between phosphate, a constituent of the biomineral hydroxyapatite, and pyrophosphate, a physiochemical inhibitor of mineralization. We here provide a detailed analysis of a zebrafish mutant - dragonfish (dgf), for ectonucleoside pyrophophatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (enpp1), a protein critical for supplying extracellular pyrophosphate. Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is a fatal human disease and the majority of cases are thought to be caused by mutations in ENPP1. Furthermore, some cases of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) have recently been linked to ENPP1. Similarly to human patients, we here show that zebrafish enpp1 mutants can develop ectopic calcifications in a variety of soft tissues, most notably: the skin, cartilage elements, the heart, intracranial space, and the notochord sheet. Using transgenic reporter lines we demonstrate that those ectopic mineralizations occur independently of the expression of typical osteoblast or cartilage markers. Intriguingly, we detect cells expressing the osteoclast markers Trap and cathepsinK at sites of ectopic calcifications at time points when osteoclasts are not present yet in wildtype siblings. Treatment with the bisphosphonate etidronate is suitable to rescue aspects of the dgf phenotype and we detected deregulated expression of genes involved in phosphate homeostasis and mineralization such as fgf23, npt2a, entpd5 and spp1 (also known as osteopontin). Employing a UAS/GalFF approach, we show that forced expression of enpp1 in blood vessels or the floorplate of mutant embryos is sufficient to rescue the notochord mineralization phenotype. This indicates that enpp1 can exert its function in tissues remote from its site of expression.
Notch signaling deficiency underlies age-dependent depletion of satellite cells in muscular dystrophy
Authors: Jiang Chunhui , Wen Yefei , Kuroda Kazuki , Hannon Kevin , Rudnicki Michael A. , Kuang Shihuan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disease characterized by muscle wasting, loss of mobility and early death in youth. Satellite cells are muscle-resident stem cells responsible for the repair and regeneration of damaged muscles. One pathological feature of DMD is the progressive depletion of satellite cells, leading to the failure of muscle repair. Here we attempted to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying satellite cell ablation in the Dystrophin mutant MDX mouse, a well-established model for DMD. Initial muscle degeneration activates satellite cells, resulting in increased satellite cell number in young MDX mice. This is followed by rapid loss of satellite cells with age due to reduced self-renewal ability of MDX satellite cells. In addition, satellite cell composition is altered even in young MDX mice, with significant reductions in the abundance of non-committed Pax7+/Myf5- satellite cells. Using a Notch-reporter mouse, we found that the MDX satellite cells have reduced activation of Notch signaling, which has been shown to be necessary to maintain satellite cell quiescence and self-renewal. Concomitantly, the expression of Notch1, Notch3, Jag1, Hey1 and HeyL are reduced in the MDX primary myoblast. Finally, we established a mouse model to constitutively activate Notch signaling in satellite cells, and show that Notch activation is sufficient to rescue the self-renewal deficiencies of MDX satellite cells. These results demonstrate that Notch signaling is essential for maintaining the satellite cell pool and its deficiency leads to depletion of satellite cells in DMD.
Pericentric heterochromatin state during the cell cycle controls the histone variant composition of centromeres
Authors: Boyarchuk Ekaterina , Filipescu Dan , Vassias Isabelle , Cantaloube Sylvain , Almouzni Geneviève 
Published: June 2014

Correct chromosome segregation requires a unique chromatin environment at centromeres and in their vicinity. Here, we address how the deposition of canonical H2A and H2A.Z histone variants is controlled at pericentric heterochromatin (PHC).
While in euchromatin newly-synthesized H2A and H2A.Z are deposited throughout the cell cycle, we reveal two discrete waves of deposition at PHC: during mid-late S phase in a replication-dependent manner for H2A, and during G1 phase for H2A.Z. This G1 cell cycle restriction is lost when heterochromatin features are altered, leading to accumulation of H2A.Z at the domain. Interestingly, compromising PHC integrity also impacts neighboring centric chromatin, increasing the amount of centromeric CENP-A without changing its deposition timing.
We conclude that the higher-order chromatin structure at the pericentric domain influences dynamics at the nucleosomal level within centromeric chomatin. The two different modes of rearrangement of the former during the cell cycle provide distinct opportunities to replenish one or the other H2A variant, highlighting PHC integrity as a potential signal to regulate the deposition timing and stoichiometry of histone variants at the centromere.
Relationship Between Selected Strength and Power Assessments to Peak and Average Velocity of the Drive Block in Offensive Line Play
Authors: Jacobson Bert H. , Conchola Eric C. , Smith Doug B. , Akehi Kazuma , Glass Rob G. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Jacobson, BH, Conchola, EC, Smith, DB, Akehi, K, and Glass, RG. Relationship between selected strength and power assessments to peak and average velocity of the drive block in offensive line play. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2202–2205, 2016—Typical strength training for football includes the squat and power clean (PC) and routinely measured variables include 1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat and 1RM PC along with the vertical jump (VJ) for power. However, little research exists regarding the association between the strength exercises and velocity of an actual on-the-field performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of peak velocity (PV) and average velocity (AV) of the offensive line drive block to 1RM squat, 1RM PC, the VJ, body mass (BM), and body composition. One repetition maximum assessments for the squat and PC were recorded along with VJ height, BM, and percent body fat. These data were correlated with PV and AV while performing the drive block. Peal velocity and AV were assessed using a Tendo Power and Speed Analyzer as the linemen fired, from a 3-point stance into a stationary blocking dummy. Pearson product analysis yielded significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlations between PV and AV and the VJ, the squat, and the PC. A significant inverse association was found for both PV and AV and body fat. These data help to confirm that the typical exercises recommended for American football linemen is positively associated with both PV and AV needed for the drive block effectiveness. It is recommended that these exercises remain the focus of a weight room protocol and that ancillary exercises be built around these exercises. Additionally, efforts to reduce body fat are recommended.
The Role of the Nurse in the Treatment of Back Pain
Authors: Antczak Anna , Haor Beata , Głowacka Mariola , Biercewicz Monika 
Published: June 2014

The development of civilization has led to the increasing prevalence of spinal problems. Lifestyle in the form of long hours of sitting or standing significantly affect the reduction in spinal mobility and promotes complaint back pain. Its structure is closely related to the functioning of the human being. Back pains are varied in terms of pathogenesis uprising. A common feature is pain that occurs in the lumbar area — the cross and the cross — the hip, with varied backgrounds and character. Treatment is based on conservative methods, such as drug treatment and rehabilitation, and surgery. An important role is played by prevention of backaches distributed among learners and workers. This article aims to highlight the role of nurses over patients with spinal pain syndromes in various stages of treatment. The nurse must take care individually and holistically. It is based mainly on alleviating pain and help the patient because of the temporary reduction in physical activity, which impedes the proper functioning. It is aimed at the comprehensive preparation of the patient and his family for self-care. (JNNN 2014;3(1):39–43)
‘From blood to blood’: de‐differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors to stem cells
Authors: Pereira Carlos‐Filipe , Lemischka Ihor R , Moore Kateri 
Published: June 2014

Recent studies have reported that fibroblasts or differentiated pluripotent cells can be reprogrammed with transcription factors (TFs) into cells with hematopoietic potential. A study published in Cell now suggests that committed blood precursors may provide a source for blood stem cell transplantation after reprogramming (Riddell et al, 2014). The authors report that a combination of eight TFs reprogram murine committed blood progenitors into long‐term engrafting and serially transplantable hematopoietic stem cells with a molecular signature similar to their endogenous counterparts.
Extensive and Biased Intergenomic Nonreciprocal DNA Exchanges Shaped a Nascent Polyploid Genome, Gossypium (Cotton)
Authors: Guo Hui , Wang Xiyin , Gundlach Heidrun , Mayer Klaus F X , Peterson Daniel G , Scheffler Brian E , Chee Peng W , Paterson Andrew H 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Genome duplication is thought to be central to the evolution of morphological complexity, and some polyploids enjoy a variety of capabilities that transgress those of their diploid progenitors. Comparison of genomic sequences from several tetraploid (AtDt) Gossypium species and genotypes with putative diploid A- and D-genome progenitor species revealed that unidirectional DNA exchanges between homeologous chromosomes were the predominant mechanism responsible for allelic differences between the Gossypium tetraploids and their diploid progenitors. Homeologous gene conversion events (HeGCEs) gradually subsided, declining to rates similar to random mutation during radiation of the polyploid into multiple clades and species. Despite occurring in a common nucleus, preservation of HeGCE is asymmetric in the two tetraploid subgenomes. At-to-Dt conversion is far more abundant than the reciprocal, is enriched in heterochromatin, is highly correlated with GC content and transposon distribution, and may silence abundant A-genome-derived retrotransposons. Dt-to-At conversion is abundant in euchromatin and genes, frequently reversing losses of gene function. The long-standing observation that the nonspinnable-fibered D-genome contributes to the superior yield and quality of tetraploid cotton fibers may be explained by accelerated Dt to At conversion during cotton domestication and improvement, increasing dosage of alleles from the spinnable-fibered A-genome. HeGCE may provide an alternative to (rare) reciprocal DNA exchanges between chromosomes in heterochromatin, where genes have approximately five times greater abundance of Dt-to-At conversion than does adjacent intergenic DNA. Spanning exon-to-gene-sized regions, HeGCE is a natural noninvasive means of gene transfer with the precision of transformation, potentially important in genetic improvement of many crop plants.
Особливості біосинтетичних процесів стрептоміцету за присутності рослинних олій
Authors: Zhernosekova I. V. 
Published: June 2014

Установлено підвищення біосинтетичної здатності стрептоміцету штаму Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2Р-15 за присутності рослинних олій. Максимальні показники накопичення біомаси та активності стафілолітичних ферментів штаму 2Р-15 більші на 19 та 20 %, а концентрація екзогенного білка – у 9 разів при культивуванні стрептоміцету на змішаному субстраті (глюкоза та олія соняшника), ніж на бісубстратному середовищі (глюкоза та маслинова олія). Середовище, що містило олію соняшника або маслинову (моносубстрат), не сприяло інтенсифікації біосинтетичної активності стрептоміцету. Проте максимальні показники моносубстратних варіантів дослідів вищі за присутності олії соняшника, ніж маслини.
Просторовий розподіл дрібного підросту основних лісотвірних порід у фітоценозах Новгород-Сіверського Полісся
Authors: Skliar V. G. 
Published: June 2014

Наведено дані про особливості просторового розподілу дрібного підросту Pinussylvestris L., QuercusroburL. та AcerplatanoidesL. у лісових фітоценозах, характерних для Новгород-Сіверського Полісся. Особини зазначеної категорії молодого покоління на ділянках поновлення в основному мають контагіозний розподіл. У його формуванні важливу роль відграє вимогливість рослин до умов освітленості, зволоження, а також стан живого надґрунтового покриву. На сучасному етапі наявний у регіоні досліджень вітровальний мікрорельєф і вітровально-ґрунтові комплекси майже не відбиваються на просторовому розподілі підросту.
Геохимия ванадия в почвах лесных экосистем Присамарья Днепровско-го
Authors: Tsvetkova N. N. , Dubina A. A. , Tagunova Y. O. 
Published: June 2014

Исследовано содержание и распределение валовой и подвижной форм следового элемента ванадия в почвах лесных экосистем и разнотравно-типчаково-ковыльной степи в пределах Присамарья Днепровского. Валовое содержание ванадия варьирует от 49 в дерново-боровой почве до 210 мг/кг в черноземе обыкновенном лесоулучшенном, содержание подвижных форм – от 3 в черноземе обыкновенном до 20 мг/кг в пойменной лугово-лесной почве. Процент подвижности ванадия в исследуемых почвах составил от 1,6 в верхнем горизонте чернозема обыкновенного до 30 % в материнской породе дерново-боровой почвы.
Андрогенез In vitro гібридів соняшнику за участю дикорослих видів
Authors: Chigrin T. V. , Yushkina L. L. , Zadorozhna О. А. 
Published: June 2014

Проаналізовано здатність до андрогенезу у 25 гібридів соняшнику, створених за участю культурних ліній Helianthusannuusі дикорослих диплоїдних видів H. decapetalus, H. divaricatus, H. giganteus, H. microcephalus, H. nuttallii. Диференційовано вплив на кількість новоутворень генотипу та середовища культивування. Переважного впливу одного фактора на кількість новоутворень у більшості зразків не знайдено. Встановлено зразки з найвищою андрогенною здатністю: гібриди за участю ліній Х114В, Х762В і видів H. decapetalus, H. divaricatus.
Властивості Na+ , K+ -активованої, Mg2+ -залежної АТФ-гідролази лімфоцитів крові у хворих на реактивний артрит
Authors: Melnyk O.V. , Kornijchuk O.P. , Pershyn O.I. , Vorobets Z.D. 
Published: June 2014

A significant role in the development and course of reactive arthritis (ReA) is played by T-lymphocytes as their development and systemic manifestations are based on immunological mechanisms. Additionally, the pathogenesis of many diseases is linked to changes in the structure and function of ion-transporting systems. Therefore, the aim of the study was to find out the kinetic properties of ATP-hydrolysis reaction involving Na+,K+-ATPase of peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals and patients with ReA. We used the current methodological approaches to the study of ATPase activity in saponin permeabilized cells. We conducted an analysis of the kinetic properties of ouabainsensitive Na+,K+-ATPase activity of saponin-perforated peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RеA). We found out that in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with RеA primary active transport of Na+, K+ ions is slower and less intensive, though characterised by the same capacity, as in healthy donors. The affinity constant for ATP in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with RеA is greater by 2.9 times than its value in comparison with healthy donors. We established that in conditions of rheumatic pathology in immunocompetent cells, inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase activity is not caused by reduction of speed of enzyme work, but by increase of affinity of ouabainsensitive Na+,K+-ATPase to ATP. At the same time, the Mg2+-binding center of Na+,K+-ATPase in patients with RеA is endogenous. We also found that affinity Na+,K+-ATPase to the ions K+ in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors is 2.4 times higher than in patients with RеA. We observed that Na+,K+-ATPase of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with RеA retains its endogenous receptor properties – sensitivity to ouabain does not change. It is assumed that under conditions of rheumatic pathology the impact on the Na+,K+-ATPase structure occurs both externally and on the cytoplasmic membrane surface. The above experimental data can be used for further clarification of the membrane mechanisms of ion exchange in immunocompetent cells of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases.
Стаціальний розподіл самок кровосисних комарів у Солом’янському районі Києва
Authors: Kilochytska N.P. 
Published: June 2014

From the epidemiological viewpoint the greatest threat to human health is represented by female mosquitoes in the hematophagous stage. Contact with these bloodsucking insects occurs most frequently in their places of diurnal concentration. The main daytime habitats of mosquitoes in urban areas are recreational areas, especially near water – forests, parks, botanical gardens, cemeteries, green zones in residential areas, residential buildings and buildings with livestock, basements and cellars. In the context of global warming and extreme high summer temperatures a tendency has been observed for mosquitoes to make increasing use of residential premises and outbuildings as a daytime habitat. In the Solomianskyi district of Kiev a six-year monitoring programme of mosquitoes’ diurnal habitat distribution was conducted. It showed that the majority of female mosquitoes which attacked humans (60%) were concentrated in areas of recreation and outdoors in residential areas. Simultaneously a significant number of mosquitoes was found to use as their daytime habitat places where they were in close proximity to humans – in domestic outbuildings (sheds under various uses), basements and cellars. The lion’s share of these mosquitoes was represented by Anopheles maculipennis (25%) and Culex pipiens (7,6%). At the same time a significant number of representatives of the genera Ochlerotatus (O. cantans, O. sticticus, O. cataphylla) and Aedes (Ae. v. vexans) were also recorded using residential premises as their daytime habitat on a scale which had not been previously observed for these species of mosquito. It is possible that female mosquitoes fly into livestock buildings at twilight because they are attracted by electric light and ammonia vapors. However, these factors are almost absent in basements and cellars. It remains to be noted that mosquitoes use basements and cellars as a daytime habitat at periods of hightemperatures and low humidity in the city. To test this assumption the distribution of mosquitoes was analysed during the warm season in 2010 in Solomyanskyi district with measurement of temperature at the locations of collection. It turned out that the air temperature in the sheds was 2–4 °C lower than outside in the shade, in the basements lower by 4–11 °C, and in the cellars lower by 4–12 °C. Comparison of the temperature in the daytime habitats and number of mosquitoes found there showed a direct relation between the outdoor temperature and the number of mosquitoes in the daytime habitat on the premises. The data indicate that there is a tendency for the number of synanthropic blood-sucking mosquito species to increase owing to the occupation of domestic premises as a daytime habitat by those species of mosquitoes for which this phenomenon was not typical earlier. If global warming and the current trend to increase in summer temperatures persist, this can cause a deterioration of the epidemiological situation in the megalopolis.