bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparing Electronic Clinical Data for Quality Improvement and Comparative
Effectiveness Research: The SCOAP CERTAIN Automation and Validation Project
Authors: Beth Devine Emily , Capurro Daniel , Van Eaton Erik , Alfonso-Cristancho Rafae , Devlin Allison , Yanez N David , Yetisgen-Yildiz Meliha , Flum David R. , Tarczy-Hornoch Peter 
Published: October 2013

Background: The field of clinical research informatics includes creation of
clinical data repositories (CDRs) used to conduct quality improvement (QI) activities
and comparative effectiveness research (CER). Ideally, CDR data are accurately and
directly abstracted from disparate electronic health records (EHRs), across diverse
health-systems.Objective: Investigators from Washington State’s Surgical Care Outcomes
and Assessment Program (SCOAP) Comparative Effectiveness Research Translation Network
(CERTAIN) are creating such a CDR. This manuscript describes the automation and
validation methods used to create this digital infrastructure.Methods: SCOAP is a QI
benchmarking initiative. Data are manually abstracted from EHRs and entered into a data
management system. CERTAIN investigators are now deploying Caradigm’s Amalga™ tool to
facilitate automated abstraction of data from multiple, disparate EHRs. Concordance is
calculated to compare data automatically to manually abstracted. Performance measures
are calculated between Amalga and each parent EHR. Validation takes place in repeated
loops, with improvements made over time. When automated abstraction reaches the current
benchmark for abstraction accuracy - 95% - itwill ‘go-live’ at each site.Progress to
Date: A technical analysis was completed at 14 sites. Five sites are contributing; the
remaining sites prioritized meeting Meaningful Use criteria. Participating sites are
contributing 15-18 unique data feeds, totaling 13 surgical registry use cases. Common
feeds are registration, laboratory, transcription/dictation, radiology, and medications.
Approximately 50% of 1,320 designated data elements are being automatically abstracted –
25% from structured data; 25% from text mining.Conclusion: In semi-automating data
abstraction and conducting a rigorous validation, CERTAIN investigators will
semi-automate data collection to conduct QI and CER, while advancing the Learning
Healthcare System.
Evaluation of antiulcerogenic potential of antioxidant α-tocopherol in pylorus-ligated albino rats
Authors: Huilgol Shobha V. , Kumar V. Hemanth 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background: Oxidative free radicals and lipid peroxidation mediate gastric injury. α-Tocopherol is a redox agent with biological and antioxidant property, hence, may provide ulcer protection.

Methods: Pylorus-ligated Shay rats (n=6) were used as the experimental gastric ulcer animal model. The rats were divided into three groups. Group I received saline (5 mL/kg), Group II α-tocopherol (12.5 mg/kg), and Group III omeprazole (3.6 mg/kg), orally daily for 5 days prior to ulcerogenic challenge. Nineteen hours after the challenge, the rats were sacrificed and their stomachs isolated and studied for degree of gastric injury. Formed gastric juice was collected for measurement of volume, titrimetric estimation of free and total acidity, and total acid output by the conventional methods. The ulcer index and total acid outputs were calculated.

Results: α-Tocopherol exerted significant (p<0.05) antiulcer activity (the ulcer index was reduced to 7.4±1.0 from the control value of 19.8±4.1). α-Tocopherol also significantly reduced free and total acidity, gastric juice volume, and total acid output (p<0.01). The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Scheffe’s multiple comparison test.

Conclusions: The study demonstrates that α-tocopherol has significant antiulcer activity. It, perhaps, acts by decreasing hydrochloric acid output.
Arrhythmogenesis after acute myocardial necrosis with and without preceding ischemia in rats
Authors: Kolettis Theofilos M. , Kontonika Marianthi , Valenti Mesele-Christina , Vilaeti Agapi D. , Baltogiannis Giannis G. , Papalois Apostolos , Kyriakides Zenon S. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background: The relative role of acute myocardial ischemia and infarction in ventricular arrhythmogenesis is incompletely understood. We compared the arrhythmia pattern after ischemia/infarction to that observed after direct myocardial necrosis without preceding ischemia in rats.

Methods: Coagulation necrosis was induced in Wistar rats (n=20, 280±3 g) by radiofrequency current application (for 15 s) from a 4-mm-tip ablation catheter. Myocardial infarction was induced by coronary artery ligation with (n=10) or without (n=10) reperfusion. Using 24-h telemetry recording, we examined ventricular arrhythmias, voluntary motor activity and indices of sympathetic activation.

Results: The coagulation-necrosis volume was 24.4%±0.6%, comparable to the infarct size in the absence of reperfusion. Acute left ventricular failure and sympathetic activation were similar in the three groups. Coagulation necrosis induced ventricular fibrillation immediately, followed by a second peak after ∼1 h. Reperfusion decreased ventricular arrhythmias, whereas a second arrhythmogenic period (between the third and the eight hour) was noted in non-reperfused infarcts (mainly monomorphic ventricular tachycardia).

Conclusions: Distinct arrhythmia patterns occur after myocardial infarction (with or without reperfusion) and after direct necrosis. They are not produced by differences in sympathetic activation and are likely related to the evolution of myocardial injury. The necrosis rat model may be useful in studies of arrhythmogenesis.
Is gravitational mass of a composite quantum body equivalent to its energy?
Authors: Lebed Andrei 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
We define passive gravitational mass operator of a hydrogen atom in the post-Newtonian approximation of general relativity and show that it does not commute with energy operator, taken in the absence of gravitational field. Nevertheless, the equivalence between the expectation values of passive gravitational mass and energy is shown to survive for stationary quantum states. Inequivalence between passive gravitational mass and energy at a macroscopic level results in time dependent oscillations of the expectation values of passive gravitational mass for superpositions of stationary quantum states, where the equivalence restores after averaging over time. Inequivalence between gravitational mass and energy at a microscopic level reveals itself as unusual electromagnetic radiation, emitted by the atoms, supported and moved in the Earth gravitational field with constant velocity using spacecraft or satellite, which can be experimentally measured.
Exploring variation in leaf mass per area (LMA) from leaf to cell: An anatomical analysis of 26 woody species
Authors: Villar Rafael , Ruiz‐Robleto Jeannete , Ubera José Luis , Poorter Hendrik 
Published: October 2013

• Premise of the study: Plant species differ widely in the leaf biomass invested per unit area (LMA). LMA can be explained by variation in leaf thickness and/or density, both of which are influenced by anatomical tissue composition. The aim of this study is to quantify the anatomical characteristics that underlie variation in LMA in a range of woody species.• Methods: Twenty‐six woody species, forming 13 species pairs with a deciduous and evergreen species from the same genus or family, were grown in a glasshouse. The youngest full‐grown leaves were analyzed for LMA and morpho‐anatomical characteristics at leaf, tissue, and cell level.• Key Results: Considered over all species studied, leaf thickness and density were equally important to explain the variation in LMA, but the class difference between deciduous and evergreen species was mainly determined by thickness, whereas variation within each group was largely due to density. Evergreens had thicker leaves, predominantly caused by a larger volume of mesophyll and air spaces, whereas the higher leaf density within each group was due to a lower proportion of epidermis and air spaces, and overall smaller cells.• Conclusions: The anatomical basis for variation in LMA in woody species depends on the contrast made. Higher LMA in evergreens is mainly due to a greater leaf thickness, caused by a larger volume of mesophyll and air spaces. Within deciduous species and evergreens, higher LMA is caused by a higher density, due to higher volumetric fractions of mesophyll and lower fractions of air spaces and epidermis.
Qui (re)travaillera la donnée ?
Authors: Cotte Dominique 
Published: October 2013

À lire ce que l’on dit sur les sites et blogs spécialisés du « nouveau » métier de data scientist , la prise en compte des savoirs de l’information-documentation dans l’aventure de la « data » serait mal partie : l’informaticien, et mieux encore le mathématicien, le statisticien et l’ingénieur sont présentés comme les seuls véritables héros de cette histoire. Compte tenu de l’extrême sophistication des outils et de leur très haute technicité, ce discours n’est pas en soi illégitime. Mais il laisse dans l’ombre la question épineuse de « ce que l’on fait » avec ces données et les résultats de leur traitement. Si leur évidente utilisation par le marketing renvoie là encore à des compétences économiques et commerciales, quid de leur usage pour le pilotage des politiques publiques, pour la recherche scientifique au sens large, pour la détection de phénomènes nouveaux, pour l’analyse des grandes tendances sociologiques et sociétales, pour la valorisation des patrimoines culturels, pour la facilitation du travail collaboratif dans les entreprises ?
Molecular Basis of 9G4 B Cell Autoreactivity in Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Richardson Christopher , Chida Asiya Seema , Adlowitz Diana , Silver Lin , Fox Erin , Jenks Scott A. , Palmer Elise , Wang Youliang , Heimburg-Molinaro Jamie , Li Quan-Zhen , Mohan Chandra , Cummings Richard , Tipton Christopher , Sanz Ignacio 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
9G4+ IgG Abs expand in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a disease-specific fashion and react with different lupus Ags including B cell Ags and apoptotic cells. Their shared use of VH4-34 represents a unique system to understand the molecular basis of lupus autoreactivity. In this study, a large panel of recombinant 9G4+ mAbs from single naive and memory cells was generated and tested against B cells, apoptotic cells, and other Ags. Mutagenesis eliminated the framework-1 hydrophobic patch (HP) responsible for the 9G4 idiotype. The expression of the HP in unselected VH4-34 cells was assessed by deep sequencing. We found that 9G4 Abs recognize several Ags following two distinct structural patterns. B cell binding is dependent on the HP, whereas anti-nuclear Abs, apoptotic cells, and dsDNA binding are HP independent and correlate with positively charged H chain third CDR. The majority of mutated VH4-34 memory cells retain the HP, thereby suggesting selection by Ags that require this germline structure. Our findings show that the germline-encoded HP is compulsory for the anti–B cell reactivity largely associated with 9G4 Abs in SLE but is not required for reactivity against apoptotic cells, dsDNA, chromatin, anti-nuclear Abs, or cardiolipin. Given that the lupus memory compartment contains a majority of HP+ VH4-34 cells but decreased B cell reactivity, additional HP-dependent Ags must participate in the selection of this compartment. This study represents the first analysis, to our knowledge, of VH-restricted autoreactive B cells specifically expanded in SLE and provides the foundation to understand the antigenic forces at play in this disease.
A Distinct Subpopulation of Human NK Cells Restricts B Cell Transformation by EBV
Authors: Lünemann Anna , Vanoaica Liliana D. , Azzi Tarik , Nadal David , Münz Christian 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
NK cells constitute the first line of defense against pathogens and transformed cells. They mature in secondary lymphoid organs, including tonsils, where common pathogens, such as EBV, enter the host and potentially imprint differentiating cells, which then patrol the body via the blood stream. Therefore, we set out to characterize a distinct human NK cell population in tonsils that produces high amounts of the immunomodulatory and antiviral cytokine IFN-γ. We found that the tonsilar IFN-γhigh NK cell subset is CD56brightNKG2A+CD94+CD54+CD62L−, is present in tonsils ex vivo and is more mature than other CD56bright NK cells in tonsils and less mature than other NK cells in blood, shows very low plasticity even after prolonged cytokine stimulation, accumulates in tonsils of EBV carriers, and is able to potently restrict EBV-induced transformation of B cells. Thus, we characterized a distinct and stable IFN-γhigh NK cell subpopulation that can specifically restrict malignant transformation of EBV-infected B cells. This subset should be exploited for future development of cell-based therapeutic approaches in EBV-associated malignancies.
Write Plainly, Help Animals- De Fontenay’s Without Offending Humans: A Critique of Animal Rights Does Neither
Authors: Johnson Lisa 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Academic philosophers who purport to help animals should write plainly. Engaging in infighting, bristling at others’ arguments, and writing in obscure and impenetrable language does little to actually help animals, and it quite possibly distracts those who might wish to help animals. This review of Elisabeth De Fontenay’s Without Offending Humans: A Critique of Animal Rights discusses these common problems in academic works.
Animal National Liberation?
Authors: Svärd Per-Anders 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The book under review offers a novel approach to politicizing the "animal issue." Drawing on liberal citizenship theory, the authors argue that key concepts of international justice such as "citizen," "denizen," and "sovereignty" may be mapped onto human-animal relations in order to protect individual animal rights as well as ecosystem integrity. The ambition is also to overcome some well-known problems of traditional animal rights theory in relation to ecological concerns. Yet the argument that ecosystems, like human states, ought to be seen as sovereign communities entails problematic concept-stretching that may undermine the individual rights it was meant to protect.
A Question of Citizenship
Authors: Nurse Angus , Ryland Diane 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Despite achieving broad acceptance of the moral case for treating animals fairly, the animal rights movement has reached an impasse concerning legal rights for animals. Zoopolis proposes a new approach to addressing this failure: integrating animal interests into human society via political institutions and practices. Zoopolis’s central theory that humans owe animals citizenship rights in a shared human-animal society, but that acceptance of responsibilities by animals also is required, has merit for the advancement (and acceptance) of animal rights discourse. But its anthropocentric approach, which itself exerts power over animals, necessitating suppression and policing of animals’ natural behavior, is problematic.
Searchable Signatures: Context and the Struggle for Recognition
Authors: Schlesselman-Tarango Gina 
Published: October 2013

Social networking sites made possible through Web 2.0 allow for unique user-generated tags called “searchable signatures.” These tags move beyond the descriptive and act as means for users to assert online individual and group identities. A study of searchable signatures on the Instagram application demonstrates that these types of tags are valuable not only because they allow for both individuals and groups to engage in what social theorist Axel Honneth calls the struggle for recognition, but also because they provide contextual use data and sociohistorical information so important to the understanding of digital objects. This article explores how searchable signatures might be used by both patrons and staff in library environments.
A Comparative Analysis on the Effect of the Chosen ILSes on Systems and Technical Services Staffing Models
Authors: Fu Ping , Fitzgerald Moira 
Published: October 2013

This analysis compares how the traditional ILS and the next-generation ILS impact systems and technical services staffing models at academic libraries. The method used in this analysis is to select two categories of ILSes—two well-established traditional ILSes and three leading next-generation ILSes—and compare them by focusing on two aspects: (1) software architecture, and (2) workflows and functionality. The results of the analysis show that the next-generation ILS will have substantial implications for library systems and technical staffing models in particular, suggesting that library staffing models should be redesigned and key librarian and staff positions be redefined to meet the opportunities and challenges brought on by the next-generation ILS.
Keywords: next-generation ILS, client-server computing, cloud computing, library staffing modes
An Evaluation of Finding Aid Accessibility for Screen Readers
Authors: Southwell Kristina L. , Slater Jacquelyn 
Published: October 2013

Since the passage of the American Disabilities Act in 1990 and the coincident growth of the Internet, academic libraries have worked to provide electronic resources and services that are accessible to all patrons. Special collections are increasingly being added to these Web-based library resources, and they must meet the same accessibility standards. The recent popularity surge of Web 2.0 technology, social media sites, and mobile devices has brought greater awareness about the challenges faced by those who use assistive technology for visual disabilities. This study examines the screen reader accessibility of online special collections finding aids at 68 public U.S. colleges and universities in the Association of Research Libraries.
Working-Class Network Society
Authors: Qiu Jack Linchuan 
Published: October 2013

An examination of how the availability of low-end information and communication technology has provided a basis for the emergence of a working-class network society in China.
The idea of the “digital divide,” the great social division between information haves and have-nots, has dominated policy debates and scholarly analysis since the 1990s. In Working-Class Network Society, Jack Linchuan Qiu describes a more complex social and technological reality in a newly mobile, urbanizing China. Qiu argues that as inexpensive Internet and mobile phone services become available and are closely integrated with the everyday work and life of low-income communities, they provide a critical seedbed for the emergence of a new working class of “network labor” crucial to China's economic boom. Between the haves and have-nots, writes Qiu, are the information “have-less”: migrants, laid-off workers, micro-entrepreneurs, retirees, youth, and others, increasingly connected by cybercafés, prepaid service, and used mobile phones. A process of class formation has begun that has important implications for working-class network society in China and beyond. Qiu brings class back into the scholarly discussion, not as a secondary factor but as an essential dimension in our understanding of communication technology as it is shaped in the vast, industrializing society of China. Basing his analysis on his more than five years of empirical research conducted in twenty cities, Qiu examines technology and class, networked connectivity and public policy, in the context of massive urban reforms that affect the new working class disproportionately. The transformation of Chinese society, writes Qiu, is emblematic of the new technosocial reality emerging in much of the Global South.
Chargino and neutralino production at the Large Hadron Collider in left-right supersymmetric models
Authors: Alloul Adam , Frank Mariana , Fuks Benjamin , de Traubenberg Michel Rausch 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe present a complete and extensive analysis of associated chargino and neutralino production in the framework of a supersymmetric theory augmented by left-right symmetry. This model provides additional gaugino and higgsino states in both the neutral and charged sectors, thus potentially enhancing new physics signals at the LHC. For a choice of benchmark scenarios, we calculate cross sections for 7, 8 and 14 TeV. We then simulate events expected to be produced at the LHC, and classify them according to the number of leptons in the final state. We devise methods to reduce the background and compare the signals with consistently simulated events for the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. We pinpoint promising scenarios where left-right symmetric supersymmetric signals can be distinguished both from background and from the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model events.
Heterologous expression of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters in Streptomyces coelicolor: from genome mining to manipulation of biosynthetic pathways
Authors: Gomez-Escribano Juan Pablo , Bibb Mervyn J 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Heterologous gene expression is one of the main strategies used to access the full biosynthetic potential of actinomycetes, as well as to study the metabolic pathways of natural product biosynthesis and to create unnatural pathways. Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is the most studied member of the actinomycetes, bacteria renowned for their prolific capacity to synthesize a wide range of biologically active specialized metabolites. We review here the use of strains of this species for the heterologous production of structurally diverse actinomycete natural products.
Background Diet and Fat Type Alters Plasma Lipoprotein Response but not Aortic Cholesterol Accumulation in F1B Golden Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Dillard Alice , Matthan Nirupa R. , Spartano Nicole L. , Butkowski Ann E. , Lichtenstein Alice H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDietary modification alters plasma lipoprotein profiles and atherosclerotic lesion progression in humans and some animal models. Variability in response to diet induced atherosclerosis has been reported in hamsters. Assessed was the interaction between background diet composition and dietary fat type on aortic cholesterol accumulation, lipoprotein profiles, hepatic lipids and selected genes. F1B Golden Syrian hamsters (20/group) were fed (12 weeks) semi‐purified or non‐purified diets containing either 10 % (w/w) coconut oil or safflower oil and 0.15 % (w/w) cholesterol. The non‐purified diets relative to semi‐purified diets resulted in significantly higher TC (72 % [percent difference] and 38 %, coconut oil and safflower oil, respectively) and nHDL‐C (84 and 61 %, coconut oil and safflower oil, respectively), and lower HDL‐C (−47 and −45 %, coconut oil and safflower oil, respectively) concentrations. Plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in the hamsters fed the non‐purified coconut oil‐supplemented diets were three‐ to fourfold higher than non‐purified safflower oil‐supplemented, and both semi‐purified diets. With the exception of HDL‐C, a significant effect of fat type was observed in TC, nHDL‐C and triacylglycerol (all P < 0.05) concentrations. Regardless of diet induced differences in lipoprotein profiles, there was no significant effect on aortic cholesterol accumulation. There was an inverse relationship between plasma nHDL‐C and triacylglycerol, and hepatic cholesteryl ester content (P < 0.001). Diet induced differences in hepatic gene transcription (LDL receptor, apoB‐100, microsomal transfer protein) were not reflected in protein concentrations. Although hamsters fed non‐purified and/or saturated fatty acid‐supplemented diets had more atherogenic lipoprotein profiles compared to hamsters fed semi‐purified and/or polyunsaturated fatty acid‐supplemented diets these differences were not reflected in aortic cholesterol accumulation.