bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised, double-blind trial on the value of tapered discontinuation of clopidogrel maintenance therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation
Authors: Fiedler K. Anette , Mehilli Julinda , Kufner Sebastian , Schlichting Anna , Ibrahim Tareq , Sibbing Dirk , Ott Ilka , Schunkert Heribert , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Kastrati Adnan , Schulz Stefanie 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThere is little evidence on the optimal mode of clopidogrel discontinuation. Epidemiological studies observed clustering of thrombotic events after cessation of chronic clopidogrel therapy. The underlying mechanism has been ascribed to transient platelet hyper-reactivity. Gradual tapering of clopidogrel may have the potential to attenuate this phenomenon. The objective of the present study was to assess whether in patients with drug-eluting stents (DES) gradual discontinuation of clopidogrel maintenance therapy is superior to conventional, abrupt discontinuation. Patients with planned discontinuation of chronic clopidogrel therapy after DES implantation were randomised in a double-blinded fashion to either gradual discontinuation (according to a tapering schema over four weeks) or abrupt discontinuation (after continued clopidogrel therapy for additional four weeks). The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, stent thrombosis, major bleeding or rehospitalisation due to an acute coronary syndrome at 90 days. Enrollment of 3,000 patients was planned. The study was stopped prematurely due to slow recruitment after enrollment of 782 patients. At 90 days, nine of 392 patients (2.3%) with tapered cessation reached the primary endpoint compared to five of 390 patients (1.3%) with abrupt cessation (p=0.284). The composite of death or myocardial infarction occurred in three patients with tapered and three patients with abrupt discontinuation (p=0.764). In conclusion, tapered discontinuation of chronic clopidogrel therapy is not superior to abrupt discontinuation regarding the primary endpoint in this study. However, the results must be interpreted in view of the premature termination of the trial and low event rates.
Fibrinogen measurement in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: Analysis of repeatability and agreement of Clauss method within and between six different laboratories
Authors: Baryshnikova Ekaterina , Tripodi Armando , Schlimp Christoph J. , Schöchl Herbert , Cadamuro Janne , Winstedt Dag , Asmis Lars , Ranucci Marco , Solomon Cristina 
Published: March 2014

SummaryPlasma fibrinogen concentration is important for coagulopathy assessment, and is most commonly measured using the Clauss method. Several factors, including device type and reagent, have been shown to affect results. The study objective was to evaluate performance and repeatability of the Clauss method and to assess differences between measurements performed during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), by testing plasma samples from patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Samples were collected from 30 patients before surgery, approximately 20 minutes before weaning from CPB, and 5 minutes after CPB and protamine. Fibrinogen concentration was determined using the Clauss method at six quality-controlled specialised laboratories, according to accredited standard operating procedures. Regarding within-centre agreement for Clauss measurement, mean differences between duplicate measurements were between 0.00 g/l and 0.15 g/l, with intervals for 95% limits of agreement for mean Bland-Altman differences up to 1.3 g/l. Regarding between-centre agreement, some mean differences between pairs of centres were above 0.5 g/l. Differences of up to ∼2 g/l were observed with individual samples. Increased variability was observed between centres, with inter-class correlation values below 0.5 suggesting only fair agreement. There were no significant differences in fibrinogen concentration before weaning from CPB and after CPB for most centres and methods. In conclusion, considerable differences exist between Clauss-based plasma fibrinogen measured using different detection methods. Nevertheless, the similarity between measurements shortly before weaning from CPB and after CPB within centres suggests that on-pump measurements could provide an early estimation of fibrinogen deficit after CPB and thus guidance for haemostatic therapy.
The Role of Multiscale Interaction in Synoptic-Scale Eddy Kinetic Energy over the Western North Pacific in Autumn
Authors: Tsou Chih-Hua , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Hsu Pang-Chi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This study formulates a synoptic-scale eddy (SSE) kinetic energy equation by partitioning the original field into seasonal mean circulation, intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), and SSEs to examine the multiscale interactions over the western North Pacific (WNP) in autumn. In addition, the relative contribution of synoptic-mean and synoptic-ISO interactions to SSE kinetic energy was quantitatively estimated by further separating barotropic energy conversion (CK) into synoptic-mean barotropic energy conversion (CKS−M) and synoptic-ISO barotropic energy conversion (CKS−ISO) components.
The development of tropical SSE in the lower troposphere is mainly attributed to CK associated with multiscale interactions. Mean cyclonic circulation in the lower troposphere consistently provides kinetic energy to SSEs (CKS−M &gt; 0) during the ISO westerly and easterly phases. However, CKS−ISO during the ISO westerly and easterly phases differs considerably. During the ISO westerly phase, the enhanced ISO cyclonic flow converts energy to SSEs (CKS−ISO &gt; 0). The magnitude of the downscale energy conversion from mean and ISO to SSEs is related to the strength of the SSEs. During the ISO westerly phase, a stronger SSE extracts more kinetic energy from mean and ISO circulation. This positive feedback between SSE-mean and SSE–ISO interactions causes further strengthening of SSEs during the ISO westerly phase.
By contrast, upscale energy conversion from SSEs to ISO anticyclonic flow (CKS−ISO &lt; 0) was observed during the ISO easterly phase. The weaker SSE activity during the ISO easterly phase occurred because the mean circulation provides less energy to SSEs and, at the same time, SSEs lose energy to ISO during the ISO easterly phase. The two-way interaction between the ISO and SSEs has considerable effects on the development of tropical SSEs over the WNP in autumn.
A 19-Month Record of Marine Aerosol–Cloud–Radiation Properties Derived from DOE ARM Mobile Facility Deployment at the Azores. Part I: Cloud Fraction and Single-Layered MBL Cloud Properties
Authors: Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike , Kennedy Aaron , Minnis Patrick , Wood Robert 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA 19-month record of total and single-layered low (&lt;3 km), middle (3–6 km), and high (&gt;6 km) cloud fractions (CFs) and the single-layered marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud macrophysical and microphysical properties was generated from ground-based measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Azores site between June 2009 and December 2010. This is the most comprehensive dataset of marine cloud fraction and MBL cloud properties. The annual means of total CF and single-layered low, middle, and high CFs derived from ARM radar and lidar observations are 0.702, 0.271, 0.01, and 0.106, respectively. Greater total and single-layered high (&gt;6 km) CFs occurred during the winter, whereas single-layered low (&lt;3 km) CFs were more prominent during summer. Diurnal cycles for both total and low CFs were stronger during summer than during winter. The CFs are bimodally distributed in the vertical with a lower peak at ~1 km and a higher peak between 8 and 11 km during all seasons, except summer when only the low peak occurs. Persistent high pressure and dry conditions produce more single-layered MBL clouds and fewer total clouds during summer, whereas the low pressure and moist air masses during winter generate more total and multilayered clouds, and deep frontal clouds associated with midlatitude cyclones.The seasonal variations of cloud heights and thickness are also associated with the seasonal synoptic patterns. The MBL cloud layer is low, warm, and thin with large liquid water path (LWP) and liquid water content (LWC) during summer, whereas during winter it is higher, colder, and thicker with reduced LWP and LWC. The cloud LWP and LWC values are greater at night than during daytime. The monthly mean daytime cloud droplet effective radius re values are nearly constant, while the daytime droplet number concentration Nd basically follows the LWC variation. There is a strong correlation between cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration NCCN and Nd during January–May, probably due to the frequent low pressure systems because upward motion brings more surface CCN to cloud base (well-mixed boundary layer). During summer and autumn, the correlation between Nd and NCCN is not as strong as that during January–May because downward motion from high pressure systems is predominant. Compared to the compiled aircraft in situ measurements during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX), the cloud microphysical retrievals in this study agree well with historical aircraft data. Different air mass sources over the ARM Azores site have significant impacts on the cloud microphysical properties and surface CCN as demonstrated by great variability in NCCN and cloud microphysical properties during some months.
Continuity of care: what matters to women when they are referred from primary to secondary care during labour? a qualitative interview study in the Netherlands
Authors: de Jonge Ank , Stuijt Rosan , Eijke Iva , Westerman Marjan J 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Continuity of care during labour is important for women. Women with an intrapartum referral from primary to secondary care look back more negatively on their birh experience compared to those who are not referred. It is not clear which aspects of care contribute to this negative birth experience. This study aimed to explore in-depth the experiences of women who were referred during labour from primary to secondary care with regard to the different aspects of continuity of care.

Methods
A qualitative interview study was conducted in the Netherlands among women who were in primary care at the onset of labour and were referred to secondary care before the baby was born. Through purposive sampling 27 women were selected. Of these, nine women planned their birth at home, two in an alongside midwifery unit and 16 in hospital. Thematic analysis was used.

Results
Continuity of care was a very important issue for women because it contributed to their feeling of safety during labour. Important details were sometimes not handed over between professionals within and between primary and secondary care, in particular about women’s personal preferences. In case of referral of care from primary to secondary care, it was important for women that midwives handed over the care in person and stayed until they felt safe with the hospital team. Personal continuity of care, in which case the midwife stayed until the end of labour, was highly appreciated but not always expected.
Fear of transportion during or after labour was a reason for women to choose hospital birth but also to opt for home birth. Choice of place of birth emerged as a fluid concept; most women planned their place of birth during pregnancy and were aware that they would spend some time at home and possibly some time in hospital.

Conclusions
In case of referral from primary to secondary care during labour, midwives should hand over their care in person and preferrably stay with women throughout labour. Planned place of birth should be regarded as a fluid concept rather than a dichotomous choice.
Antidepressant utilization after hospitalization with depression: a comparison between non-Western immigrants and Danish-born residents
Authors: Wallach-Kildemoes Helle , Thomsen Louise Thirstrup , Kriegbaum Margit , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Norredam Marie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundAntidepressant (AD) therapy is recommended for patients 4–12 months after remission from depression. The aim was to examine whether immigrants (refugees or family reunited immigrants) from non-Western countries are at greater risk than Danish-born residents of 1) not initiating AD therapy after discharge and 2) early AD discontinuation.MethodsA cohort of immigrants from non-Western countries (n = 132) and matched Danish-born residents (n = 396) discharged after first admission with moderate to severe depression between 1 January 1996 and 31 May 2008 was followed in the Danish registries.Logistic regression models were applied to explore AD initiation within 30 days after discharge, estimating odds ratio (OR) for immigrants versus Danish-born residents.Early discontinuation was explored by logistic regression, estimating OR for no AD dispensing within 180 days after the first dispensing, and by Cox regression, estimating hazard ratio (HR) for discontinuation (maximum drug supply gap) within 180 days.ResultsImmigrants had higher odds for not initiating AD treatment after discharge than Danish-born residents (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.01-2.38). When income was included in the model, the strength of the association was attenuated. Odds for early discontinuation was non-significantly higher among immigrants than Danish-born residents (OR = 1.80; 0.87-3.73). Immigrants also had a non-significantly higher hazard of early discontinuation (HR = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.87-2.45). Including income had only minor impact on these associations.ConclusionImmigrants seem less likely to receive the recommended AD treatment after hospitalization with depression. This may indicate a need for a better understanding of the circumstances of this vulnerable group.
Electrochemically deposited gallium oxide nanostructures on silicon substrates
Authors: Ghazali Norizzawati Mohd , Mahmood Mohamad Rusop , Yasui Kanji , Hashim Abdul Manaf 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We report a synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanostructures on Si substrate by electrochemical deposition using a mixture of Ga2O3, HCl, NH4OH, and H2O. The presence of Ga3+ ions contributed to the deposition of Ga2O3 nanostructures on the Si surface with the assistance of applied potentials. The morphologies of the grown structures strongly depended on the molarity of Ga2O3 and pH level of electrolyte. β-Ga2O3 nanodot-like structures were grown on Si substrate at a condition with low molarity of Ga2O3. However, Ga2O3 nanodot structures covered with nanorods on top of their surfaces were obtained at higher molarity, and the densities of nanorods seem to increase with the decrease of pH level. High concentration of Ga3+ and OH- ions may promote the reaction of each other to produce Ga2O3 nanorods in the electrolyte. Such similar nature of Ga2O3 nanorods was also obtained by using hydrothermal process. The grown structures seem to be interesting for application in electronic and optoelectronic devices as well as to be used as a seed structure for subsequent chemical synthesis of GaN by thermal transformation method.
Prevalence of Pituitary Dysfunction After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents: A Large Prospective Study
Authors: Personnier Claire , Crosnier Hélène , Meyer Philippe , Chevignard Mathilde , Flechtner Isabelle , Boddaert Nathalie , Breton Sylvain , Mignot Caroline , Dassa Yamina , Souberbielle Jean-Claude , Piketty Marie , Laborde Kathleen , Jais Jean-Philipe , Viaud Magali , Puget Stephanie , Sainte-Rose Christian , Polak Michel 
Published: March 2014

Context:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood is a major public health issue.Objective:We sought to determine the prevalence of pituitary dysfunction in children and adolescents after severe TBI and to identify any potential predictive factors.Design:This was a prospective longitudinal study.Setting:The study was conducted at a university hospital.Patients:Patients, hospitalized for severe accidental or inflicted TBI, were included. The endocrine assessment was performed between 6 and 18 months after the injury.Main Outcome Measures:Basal and dynamic tests of pituitary function were performed in all patients and GH dynamic testing was repeated in patients with low stimulated GH peak (&lt;7 ng/mL). The diagnosis of proven severe GH deficiency (GHD) was based on the association of two GH peaks less than 5 ng/mL on both occasions of testing and IGF-I levels below −2 SD score. Initial cranial tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed retrospectively.Results:We studied 87 children and adolescents [60 males, median age 6.7 y (range 0.8–15.2)] 9.5 ± 3.4 months after the TBI (73 accidental, 14 inflicted). The second GH peak, assessed 4.9 ± 0.1 months after the first evaluation, remained low in 27 children and adolescents. Fifteen patients had a GH peak less than 5 ng/mL (mean IGF-I SD score −1.3 ± 1.5) and five (5.7%) strict criteria for severe GHD. Two children had mild central hypothyroidism and one had ACTH deficiency. We did not find any predictive factors associated with existence of GHD (demographic characteristics, growth velocity, trauma severity, and radiological parameters).Conclusion:At 1 year after the severe TBI, pituitary dysfunction was found in 8% of our study sample. We recommend systematic hormonal assessment in children and adolescents 12 months after a severe TBI and prolonged clinical endocrine follow-up.
Foundations and Classification Criteria for Techniques of Educational Processes Management
Authors: Афанасьев  , Afanasev Vladimir , Афанасьева  , Afanaseva I. 
Published: March 2014

The 22-nominations matrix is proposed for classifying
approaches to educational processes management. The matrix is
developed based on conceptual insights in the learning, management
and system-oriented analysis theories, which have been embodied
in a sequential procedure, which, in turn, implies defining
two dual and reciprocal factors (namely, «foundations» and «criteria
»), classification of systems in general, identifying attributes and
features of control (management) systems, ways to form management
impact, changes in behavior of appropriately organized education
systems, type and orientation of management.
Learning to Use Students’ Scholarship Support Efficiently
Authors: Артемьева  , Artemyeva Svetlana , Шишов  , Shishov Cergey , Гринько  , Grinko V. 
Published: March 2014

The paper discusses several aspects of constructing a
model of monitoring effectiveness of scholarship funds use in
institutions of higher education. The authors consider prospects
to train to-be members of Scholarship commissions in legal issues
to get them prepared to use scholarship provision mechanism as
a leverage for motivating students to improve the quality of learning.
Pedagogical Conditions for Developing Structural Components of Students’ Genealogical Culture
Authors: Извеков  , Izvekov Igor 
Published: March 2014

The paper discussed how to optimize moral and spiritual
upbringing of competent to-be specialists in the student
environment. The potential of genealogy (family) as a means of
character education, yet-uninvolved by the educational system,
is considered. According to the author’s viewpoint, this potential
helps to nurture morality and spirituality through scientifically
grounded study of the family history in the context of National
History. The author also explores the teaching aid and educational
program named «A History of Family in the National
History: genealogy in the higher school educational process»
published by INFRA-M publishing house (2013).
A Serendipitous Field Test against the Cellar Fungus Coniophora olivacea
Authors: Morris Paul Ian , Dale Angela , Ingram Janet Kathleen 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A weather-protected aboveground field test was established at Kincardine, Ontario, Canada, to assess the performance against termites of two formulations of carbon-based preservative in Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) and white spruce (Picea glauca). A naturally durable untreated reference species was also included. The boards were visually inspected for decay and termite attack after 6 years. Termite attack was negligible, but the test material was challenged by Coniophora olivacea, a soil-inhabiting, strand-forming, brown-rot fungus. While decay was well advanced in some untreated controls and western red cedar (Thuja plicata) reference samples, treated samples that had been similarly challenged remained in excellent condition.
Peer-Mentored Preparedness (PM-Prep): A New Disaster Preparedness Program for Adults Living Independently in the Community
Authors: Eisenman David Paul , Bazzano Alicia , Koniak-Griffin Deborah , Tseng Chi-hong , Lewis Mary-Ann , Lamb Kerry , Lehrer Danise 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe authors studied a health promotion program called PM-Prep (Peer-Mentored Prep), which was designed to improve disaster preparedness among adults living independently in the community. PM-Prep consists of four 2-hour classes co-taught by a health educator and peer-mentors. Adults were randomly assigned to an experimental arm or a wait-list control arm. Earthquake safety knowledge and preparedness supplies were assessed prior to the intervention and at 1 month after the intervention (N  =  82). Adults in the experimental arm significantly increased preparedness by 19 percentage points, from 56% to 75% completed (p &lt; .0001), and improved their knowledge by 8 percentage points, from 79% to 87% correct (p  =  .001). This is the first peer-mentored, targeted, and tailored disaster preparedness program tested with this population.
Lessons Learned From Our Elders: How to Study Polypharmacy in Populations With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Stortz Jessica N. , Lake Johanna K. , Cobigo Virginie , Ouellette-Kuntz Hélène M. J. , Lunsky Yona 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPolypharmacy is the concurrent use of multiple medications, including both psychotropic and non-psychotropic drugs. Although it may sometimes be clinically indicated, polypharmacy can have a number of negative consequences, including medication nonadherence, adverse drug reactions, and undesirable drug–drug interactions. The objective of this paper was to gain a better understanding of how to study polypharmacy among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). To do this, we reviewed literature on polypharmacy among the elderly and people with IDD to inform future research approaches and methods on polypharmacy in people with IDD. Results identified significant variability in methods used to study polypharmacy, including definitions of polypharmacy, samples studied, analytic strategies, and variables included in the analyses. Four valuable methodological lessons to strengthen future polypharmacy research in individuals with IDD emerged. These included the use of consistent definitions of polypharmacy, the implementation of population-based sampling strategies, the development of clinical guidelines, and the importance of studying associated variables.