bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gluten‐free bread: multiple time–intensity analysis, physical characterisation and acceptance test
Authors: de Morais Elisa Carvalho , Cruz Adriano Gomez , Bolini Helena Maria Andre 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe formulation of gluten‐free breads is challenging, once the gluten network is responsible for the physical and sensory properties of bread. This study presents a novel concept for making gluten‐free breads using sugar substitutes. The quality of gluten‐free breads was analysed by means of physical (specific volume and colour), textural (firmness, elasticity and chewiness) and sensory properties (time‐intensity analysis and acceptance test). Time‐intensity analysis showed that the sample developed with raw sugar had a higher intensity of sweetness, and the sample with stevia had a higher intensity of yeast flavour. The sample with frutooligosaccharides (FOS) presented a higher acceptance by consumers. Sample with stevia presented the higher intensity of yeast flavour (8.10) and the lesser mean of specific volume (2.83 cm3.g−1); whereas sample with sugar who presented higher intensity of sweetness stimulus (5.20) also presented the higher mean of specific volume (3.80 cm3.g−1). The addition of prebiotic and sweetener opens up new opportunities to develop gluten‐free breads that may present similar properties to those of wheat‐based breads.
Relationship between glycaemia and length of hospital stay during an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Burt M. G. , Roberts G. W. , Aguilar‐Loza N. R. , Quinn S. J. , Frith P. A , Stranks S. N. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe have assessed whether glucose concentration and patient outcome are related in hospitalised patients when glycaemia is quantified in detail. Continuous glucose monitoring was performed on 47 consecutive subjects with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Length of hospital stay increased by 10% for each mmol/L increase in mean glucose (P = 0.01). In a multivariable analysis, mean glucose was independently associated with length of hospital stay (P = 0.02). These data add weight to evidence that hyperglycaemia may adversely affect patient outcomes in hospitalised patients.
Driving, dementia and Australian physicians: primum non nocere?
Authors: Carmody J. , Traynor V. , Iverson D. , Marchetti E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOlder Australians are increasingly reliant on automobiles as their sole form of transport. As our population is ageing and the prevalence of dementia is increasing, it is anticipated that the number of drivers with dementia will rise over time. Much of the literature relating to driving and dementia focuses on safety rather than mobility. The objective of this paper is to highlight several topical ethical issues that pertain to Australian drivers with dementia. It is recommended that future research, policy and practice should centre on the crucial mobility and transport needs of our senior citizens.
Expanding spectrum of TNFRSF1A gene mutations among patients with idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis
Authors: Cantarini L. , Lucherini O. M. , Vitale A. , Sabadini L. , Brizi M. G. , Frediani B. , Muscari I. , Galeazzi M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAlthough idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis (IRAP) is generally presumed to derive from an autoimmune process, increasing interest is currently being devoted to autoinflammatory diseases, a group of disorders of the innate immune system caused by mutations of genes involved in the regulation or activation of the inflammatory response, without any apparent involvement of autoimmunity. The tumour necrosis factor receptor‐1‐associated periodic syndrome is the most common autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disorder and is caused by mutations in the TNFRSF1A gene encoding the 55‐kD receptor for tumour necrosis factor‐α. IRAP patients carrying TNFRSF1A gene mutations have been recently described. We report herein the first IRAP patients carrying the rare R104Q and D12E TNFRSF1A gene mutations, thus expanding the spectrum of tumour necrosis factor receptor‐1‐associated periodic syndrome mutations in IRAP patients.
The peculiar nemertean larva pilidium recurvatum belongs to Riserius sp., a basal heteronemertean that eats Carcinonemertes errans, a hoplonemertean parasite of Dungeness crab
Authors: Hiebert Terra C. , von Dassow George , Hiebert Laurel S. , Maslakova Svetlana 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA typical nemertean pilidium larva resembles a hat with ear flaps. But one type, called pilidium recurvatum, looks more like a sock, swimming heel first. This distinctive larva was discovered in 1883 off the coast of Rhode Island and subsequently found in plankton samples from other parts of the world. Despite the long time since discovery, and its significance in discussions of larval evolution, this larva remained unidentified even to the family level. We collected pilidium recurvatum larvae from plankton samples in Coos Bay, OR, and identified them as belonging to the heteronemertean genus Riserius based on juvenile morphology and DNA sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that two distinct types of pilidium recurvatum from Oregon represent two new species within this currently monotypic genus. We describe the morphology of pilidium recurvatum using confocal microscopy and compare it to that of the typical pilidium, discussing possible implications for larval feeding. We also report our surprising discovery that juveniles of Riserius sp. from Oregon prey on another nemertean, Carcinonemertes errans, an egg predator of Cancer magister (Dungeness crab), a commercially important species. We speculate that the species‐level diversity and geographic distribution of Riserius may be much greater than currently appreciated.
The Solubility Limit of CaO in α‐Alumina at 1600°C
Authors: Akiva Ran , Berner Alex , Kaplan Wayne D. 
Published: June 2013

The solubility limit of Ca in 99.99% pure α‐Al2O3 (alumina) was measured using a wavelength dispersive spectrometer mounted on a scanning electron microscope. Al2O3 samples were equilibrated at a concentration which ensured saturation of the Al2O3 grains with Ca, and were quenched in water from 1600°C. The results were compared with those from samples which were furnace cooled from 1600°C. For the quenched samples, the Ca solubility limit was found to be 51 ± 1 ppm, which is significantly larger than the solubility limit for samples which were furnace cooled (26 ± 1 ppm).
Commentary: To intervene or not? Appreciating or treating individual differences in childhood temperament – remarks on Rapee (2013)
Authors: Fox Nathan A. , Barker Tyson V. , White Lauren K. , G. Suway Jenna , Pine Daniel S. 
Published: June 2013

In the current issue of this journal, Rapee (2013) reports that the incidence of internalizing disorders was reduced as a result of a brief parent centered intervention amongst adolescents who as young children were characterized with the temperament of behavioral inhibition (BI). The intervention was administered when children were 3 to 5 years of age and consisted of a short parent training program (i.e., six 90‐min group sessions). Now, some 10 years later, those adolescents whose parents participated in the intervention were less likely to develop both anxiety and depressive disorders.
Prevalence and characteristics of children with mild intellectual disability in aFrench county
Authors: David M. , Dieterich K. , Billette de Villemeur A. , Jouk P.‐S. , Counillon J. , Larroque B. , Bloch J. , Cans C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundStudies conducted on mild intellectual disability (MID) in children are infrequent and the prevalence rates vary widely. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence ofMIDin children in aFrench county (Isère), to describe the clinical signs and associated comorbidities, and to specify the aetiologies of this disability.MethodsThe target population was comprised of the 15 100 children born in 1997 residing inIsèreCounty,France, in 2008. Our goal was to find the children in this group withMIDdiagnosed between 9 and 13 years of age.MIDwas defined as an overallIQscore of between 50 and 69 [InternationalStatisticalClassification ofDiseases andRelatedHealthProblems 10thRevision (ICD‐10)]; this definition was adjusted for the study by integrating confidence intervals so that the risk ofIQmeasurement relativity and possible discrepancy of scores could be taken into account. Children were identified through an administrative data source designed to assist disabled persons that contains health information, and an educational data source. Parents who agreed to let their children participate responded to an in‐depth questionnaire on their child's medical and academic history. A genetic investigation was proposed for those children whoseMIDhad an unknown aetiology.ResultsThe preliminary selection included 267 children, resulting in a prevalence rate of 18 per 1000 (CI[15.6; 19.9]), within the expected mean. Of these 267 cases, 181 families agreed to participate in the study (68%).MIDmore often affected boys [male gender ratio = 1.4 (CI[1.2; 1.6])], low socioeconomic groups, and families with a history of intellectual disability. The clinical signs and comorbidities associated withMIDwere very frequent, with 54% spoken language disorders and 10% pervasive developmental disorder. Only 9% of the children had undergone a genetic investigation before the study. The known aetiology rate forMIDwas 19% among all the children who had had genetic tests performed.ConclusionMIDis an important public health issue based on its prevalence. The associated clinical signs and comorbidities may be warning signs ofMIDin case of learning difficulties. This study may help decision‐makers to develop and organise screening and care forMID.
The required beta cell research for improving treatment of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Thorens B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn healthy individuals, insulin resistance is associated with physiological conditions such as pregnancy or body weight gain and triggers an increase in beta cell number and insulin secretion capacity to preserve normoglycaemia. Failure of this beta cell compensation capacity is a fundamental cause of diabetic hyperglycaemia. Incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling the plasticity of adult beta cells mechanisms and how these cells fail during the pathogenesis of diabetes strongly limits the ability to develop new beta cell‐specific therapies. Here, current knowledge of the signalling pathways controlling beta cell plasticity is reviewed, and possible directions for future research are discussed.
Perinatal outcomes of Australian buprenorphine‐exposed mothers and their newborn infants
Authors: Patel Pankaj , Abdel‐Latif Mohamed E , Hazelton Briony , Wodak Alex , Chen Julia , Emsley Fiona , Feller John M , Lui Kei , Oei Ju Lee 
Published: June 2013

AimTo determine the short‐term outcomes of Australian buprenorphine‐exposed mother/infant dyads.MethodsRetrospective record review of drug‐exposed mothers and infants in Australia. Groups were based on drug exposure: buprenorphine (55, 3.8%), non‐buprenorphine opiates (O, 686, 48.6%) and non‐opiates (NO, 671, 47.5%).ResultsMore than 30% of buprenorphine mothers continued to use heroin (21, 38%) and benzodiazepines (16, 29%). They were more likely to have child at risk concerns (29, 52.7%, P = 0.019) and have previous children placed in out‐of‐home care (9, 16.3%, P = 049). Buprenorphine babies were less likely to be preterm (16% vs. 25% (O), P = 0.001 and 23% (NO), P = 0.004) and had higher birthweights (median: 3165 g vs. 2842.5 g (O), P < 0.001 and 2900 g (NO), P = 0.004). Buprenorphine and non‐buprenorphine opioid babies had similar maximum Finnegan scores (median 10 vs. 11(O), P = 0.144). The number of babies needing abstinence treatment (45% vs. 51% (O), P = 0.411) and length of hospital stay (median days 9 vs. 11(O), P = 0.067) were similar, but buprenorphine infants required lower maximum morphine doses (mg/kg/day) (median 0.4 mg vs. 0.5 mg (O), P = 0.009).ConclusionsShort‐term medical outcomes of infants of buprenorphine‐using mothers are similar to those of non‐buprenorphine opiate‐using mothers, but interpretation of these results is confounded by the high rates of polydrug exposure in the buprenorphine group. This and other social concerns noted in buprenorphine mothers and infants warrant further study.
Review of the management of childhood asthma in Tasmania
Authors: Bereznicki Bonnie J , Norton Lucy C , Beggs Sean A , Gee Peter , Bereznicki Luke RE 
Published: June 2013

AimTo review the supply of medications to children with asthma and parent‐reported management of childhood asthma in Tasmania and highlight evidence‐practice gaps for future interventions.MethodsParticipating pharmacies ran a software application that extracted data from dispensing records and helped to identify children with asthma. Parents of identified children were mailed a survey evaluating components of asthma management. Dispensing and survey data were analysed.ResultsA total of 939 children from 23 pharmacies were identified by the software and deemed eligible for inclusion. Surveys were received from 353 (37.6%) parents. In the past year, short‐acting beta‐2 agonists were supplied to 56.1% of the cohort, preventers to 76.5% (inhaled corticosteroids 52.3%; leukotriene receptor antagonists 31.3%; inhaled cromones 0.6%), long‐acting beta‐2 agonists (LABAs) to 25.7% and oral corticosteroids to 21.5%. Approximately half of the children receiving inhaled corticosteroids were concurrently receiving a LABA. Among children with indicators of inadequately controlled asthma, up to 73.7% of their parents reported that their asthma was adequately controlled, up to 38.2% did not possess an Asthma Action Plan, up to 36.8% were not regularly using a spacer and up to 22.8% had not received a preventer.ConclusionThese results indicate gaps in childhood asthma management, in particular, undersupply of preventers in high‐risk patient groups, high supply of LABAs and insufficient spacer and asthma action plan usage. These areas should be targeted for interventions to improve childhood asthma management.
Nitric Oxide-Releasing Polymeric Microspheres Improve Diabetes-Related Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Soni Samit D. , Song Weitao , West Jennifer L. , Khera Mohit 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
We have used a long-acting nitric oxide (NO)-releasing polymer to develop injectable biodegradable microspheres capable of localized NO release over prolonged periods of time.

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of these microspheres for diabetes-related erectile dysfunction (ED) in the rat model.

Methods
NO-releasing microspheres were incubated in physiologic buffer, and in vitro NO release was measured using a Griess assay. To ensure no migration, microspheres were fluorescently tagged and injected into the corpus cavernosum of adult rats, and fluorescent imaging was performed weekly for 4 weeks, at which point rats were sacrificed. To assess physiologic efficacy, diabetes was induced in 40 rats using streptozotocin (STZ), whereas 10 rats were kept as age-matched controls. Diabetic rats were divided into four groups: no treatment, sildenafil, NO-releasing microspheres, and combination therapy. For each rat, the cavernosal nerve (CN) was stimulated at various voltages, and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured via corpus cavernosum and carotid artery catheterization, respectively. Long-term efficacy was determined by injecting diabetic rats with microspheres and measuring erectile response at predetermined intervals for up to 5 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures
Erectile response was determined via calculation of mean peak ICP/MAP and area under curve (AUC) for each experimental group.

Results
Under physiologic conditions in vitro, microspheres continued NO release for up to 4 weeks. Fluorescent imaging revealed no detectable signal in tissues besides cavernosal tissue at 4 weeks postinjection. Upon CN stimulation, peak ICP/MAP ratio and AUC of diabetic rats improved significantly (P &lt; 0.05) in microsphere and combination therapy groups compared with no treatment and sildenafil groups. In long-term efficacy studies, microspheres augmented the effect of sildenafil for 3 weeks following injection (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
NO-releasing microspheres significantly improved erectile response in diabetic rats for 3 weeks and hence offer a promising approach to ED therapy, either as monotherapy or combination therapy.
Incidence, Nature, and Etiology of Metabolic Alkalosis in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Ha Y.‐S. , Hopper K. , Epstein S.E. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe incidence and causes of metabolic alkalosis in dogs and cats have not been fully investigated.ObjectivesTo describe the incidence, nature, and etiology of metabolic alkalosis in dogs and cats undergoing blood gas analysis at a veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsDogs and cats at a veterinary medical teaching hospital.MethodsAcid–base and electrolyte results for dogs and cats measured during a 13‐month period were retrospectively collected from a computer database. Only the first measured (venous or arterial) blood gas analyzed in a single hospitalization period was included. Animals with a base excess above the reference range for the species were included.ResultsA total of 1,805 dogs and cats were included. Of these, 349 (19%) were identified as having an increased standardized base excess, 319 dogs and 30 cats. The mixed acid–base disorder of metabolic alkalosis with respiratory acidosis was the most common abnormality identified in both dogs and cats. Hypokalemia and hypochloremia were more common in animals with metabolic alkalosis compared to animals without metabolic alkalosis. The 4 most commonly identified underlying diseases were respiratory disease, gastrointestinal tract obstruction, furosemide administration, and renal disease.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMetabolic alkalosis was less common than metabolic acidosis in the same population of animals. Evidence of contraction alkalosis was present in many patients in this study. Hypokalemia and hypochloremia were more frequent in patients with metabolic alkalosis and suggest the importance of evaluation of acid–base status in conjunction with serum electrolyte concentrations.
Identification of Ictalurid Catfish Fillets to Rearing Location Using Elemental Profiling
Authors: Li Li , Boyd Claude E. , Odom John , Dong Shuanglin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFillets of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, from three geographic areas, fillets of hybrid catfish (♀ I. punctatus × ♂ blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus) from one of the areas, water samples from the culture ponds, and feed samples were subjected to elemental analysis by inductive‐coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES). The fillets were low in concentrations of several elements, and ICP‐AES could consistently detect only 11 elements. In addition, the composition of the fillets was not greatly influenced by water chemistry or feed composition. Nevertheless, both canonical discriminant analysis and K‐nearest‐neighbor analysis were reliable in separating the fillets to geographic area of origin and separating hybrid from channel catfish fillets based on elemental composition. Although this study suggests that multielement analysis and pattern recognition techniques have potential for validating the geographic origin of catfish fillets, much more work is needed to perfect the technique.
Progeny Production of the Copepods Pseudodiaptomus euryhalinus and Tisbe monozota in Monospecific and Mixed Cultures
Authors: Puello‐Cruz Ana C. , Mezo‐Villalobos Sofía , Voltolina Domenico 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe objective of this research was to culture the calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus euryhalinus, Johnson 1939, and the harpacticoid Tisbe monozota, Bowman, 1962, in monospecific and combined cultures (P. euryhalinus : T. monozota at 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 starting ratios), and to compare the nauplii, copepodite, and adult production. Mean total production ranged from 740.3 ± 137.5 organisms/L (P. euryhalinus) to 884.3 ± 489.7 organisms/L (T. monozota) for monospecific cultures. The 1:1 ratio mixed cultures gave 780.4 ± 155.8 organisms/L, those with the 2:1 and 1:2 P. euryhalinus and T. monozota starting ratios produced 710.1 ± 195.2 and 799.7 ± 232.5 organisms/L, respectively, and there were no significant difference among treatments. All mixed cultures gave significantly lower copepodite productions than the monocultures of each species. In addition, the tendency to a decreased progeny production of the initial females of T. monozota indicates that the outcome of long‐term mixed cultures would production either a high dominance of P. euryhalinus, or monocultures of this species.
Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Transformer‐2 Gene During Development in Macrobrachium nipponense (de Haan 1849)
Authors: Zhang Yanping , Fu Hongtuo , Qiao Hui , Jin Shubo , Jiang Sufei , Xiong Yiwei , Gong Yongsheng , Zhang Xianzhong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe transformer‐2 gene (tra‐2) plays a key role in the sexual differentiation regulatory hierarchy. In this study, tra‐2 gene homologs designated as Mntra‐2 was cloned and characterized from Macrobrachium nipponense. The full‐length cDNA of Mntra‐2 consists of 1724 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) encoding 192 amino acids, an 827 bp 5′‐untranslated region (UTR) and a 318 bp 3′‐UTR. The predicated molecular mass of Mntra‐2 was 20.805 kDa with an estimated theoretical isoelectric point of 10.36. The deduced amino acid sequence shares high homology with Penaeus monodon. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analyses demonstrated that the expression levels of Mntra‐2 varied significantly during different developmental stages of embryogenesis, larvae, and post‐larvae and in various adult tissues. During embryogenesis, the expression level of Mntra‐2 was slightly higher at the cleavage stage than at the blastula stage, and reached the highest level at the nauplius stage. During the larvae, the Mntra‐2 expression gradually increased from 1 d larvae post hatch (L1) to L10 and decreased to a lowest level at the end of metamorphosis. During the post‐larvae, the Mntra‐2 expression was higher level at the 5 d after the metamorphosis (P5). RT‐qPCR showed the Mntra‐2 mRNA was expressed in ovary, testis, muscle, heart, abdominal ganglion, brain, and intestine with the highest level of expression in muscle and intestine. The results indicate that Mntra‐2 is an arthropods tra‐2 homolog and probably plays important roles in embryonic development and sex differentiation of M. nipponense.