bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optically Thick Jet Base and Explanation of Edge Brightening in Active Galactic Nucleus Jets
Authors: Vyas Mukesh Kumar , Pe’er Asaf 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The jet cores in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are resolved and found to harbor an edge-brightened structure where the jet base appears extended at the sides compared to its propagation axis. This peculiar phenomenon invites various explanations. We show that the photosphere of an optically thick jet base in AGNs is observed edge brightened if the jet Lorentz factor harbors an angular dependence. The jet assumes a higher Lorentz factor along the jet axis and decreases following a power law along its polar angle. For an observer near the jet axis, the jet has a lower optical depth along its propagation axis compared to off-axis regions. Higher optical depth at the outer region makes the jet photosphere appear to extend to larger radii compared to a deeper photosphere along its propagation axis. We tackle the problem both analytically and numerically, confirming the edge brightening through Monte Carlo simulations. Other than the edge brightening, the outcomes are significant as they provide a unique tool to determine the jet structure and associated parameters by their resolved observed cores. The study paves the way to explore the spectral properties of optically thick cores with structured Lorentz factors in the future.
Investigation of Phase Shift and Travel Time of Acoustic Waves in the Lower Solar Atmosphere Using Multiheight Velocities
Authors: Kumar Hirdesh , Kumar Brajesh , Mathew Shibu K. , Bayanna A. Raja , Rajaguru S. P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We report and discuss the phase shift and phase travel time of low-frequency (ν < 5.0 mHz) acoustic waves estimated within the photosphere and photosphere–chromosphere interface regions, utilizing multiheight velocities in the quiet Sun. The bisector method has been employed to estimate seven height velocities in the photosphere within the Fe i 6173 Å line scan, while nine height velocities are estimated from the chromospheric Ca ii 8542 Å line scan observations obtained from the narrowband imager instrument installed on the Multi-Application Solar Telescope operational at the Udaipur Solar Observatory, India. Utilizing a fast Fourier transform at each pixel over the full field of view, phase shift and coherence have been estimated. The frequency and height-dependent phase shift integrated over the regions having an absolute line-of-sight magnetic field of less than 10 G indicates the nonevanescent nature of low-frequency acoustic waves within the photosphere and photosphere–chromosphere interface regions. Phase travel time estimated within the photosphere shows nonzero values, aligning with previous simulations and observations. Further, we report that the nonevanescent nature persists beyond the photosphere, encompassing the photospheric–chromospheric height range. We discuss possible factors contributing to the nonevanescent nature of low-frequency acoustic waves. Additionally, our observations reveal a downward propagation of high-frequency acoustic waves indicating refraction from higher layers in the solar atmosphere. This study contributes valuable insights into the understanding of the complex dynamics of acoustic waves within different lower solar atmospheric layers, shedding light on the nonevanescent nature and downward propagation of the acoustic waves.
Transverse Oscillations and Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability in Curved Arcade Loops with Siphon Flows
Authors: Lopin Igor 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The effect of plasma flow in curved arcade loops on transverse waves and oscillations is examined analytically. The model under study is a semicircular magnetic slab with finite transverse extensions and a mass flow inside, in the zero-β plasma approximation. It is found that in the quasi-perpendicular propagation limit, the model supports two fast surface modes: one with higher (FSW+) and another with lower (FSW−) frequency. For a weak flow, the frequency of the FSW+ (FSW−) increases (decreases) as the flow speed grows in both propagating and quasi-standing wave regimes. We show that the FSW+ and FSW− are subjected to the Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability, and the threshold flow is greater (less than) the internal Alfvén speed for the FSW+ (FSW−). The presence of plasma flow results in modifying the period ratio P
1/2P
2 of the fundamental harmonic to the first overtone with P
1/2P
2 less (more) than 1 for the FSW+ (FSW−), and this effect degenerates in the straight waveguide limit. The sub-Alfvénic flow can prohibit resonant absorption of kink modes when the frequencies of the FSW+ and FSW− become out of the Alfvén continuum. It is also shown that in the static case and for a weak flow case, the FSW+ (FSW−) is interpreted as a vertically (horizontally) polarized kink mode, while for moderate flow, both modes have oblique polarization. We apply the developed theory to interpret the observational cases of kink oscillations in coronal loops with signatures of a siphon flow and the onset of KH instability induced by the blowout jet along a loop-shaped magnetic structure.
Lyα Imaging around the Hyperluminous Dust-obscured Quasar W2246–0526 at z = 4.6
Authors: Luo 罗 Yibin 毅彬 , Fan 范 Lulu 璐璐 , Liang 梁 Yongming 永明 , Hu 胡 Weida 维达 , Wang 王 Junxian 俊贤 , Zheng 郑 Zhen-ya 振亚 , Lin 林 Zheyu 哲宇 , Tao 陶 Bojun 柏钧 , Lin 林 Zesen 泽森 , Cai Minxuan , Huang 黄 Mengqiu 梦秋 , Wan 宛 Zhen 振 , Tang 唐 Yongling 永灵 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hot dust-obscured galaxies (hot DOGs) are a population of hyperluminous, heavily obscured quasars discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer all-sky survey at high redshift. Observations suggested the growth of these galaxies may be driven by mergers. Previous environmental studies have statistically shown hot DOGs may reside in dense regions. Here we use the Very Large Telescope narrowband and broadband imaging to search for Lyα emitters (LAEs) in the

6.
′
8
×
6.
′
8

field of the hot DOG W2246−0526 at z = 4.6. W2246−0526 is the most distant hot DOG. We find that there is an overdensity of LAEs in the W2246−0526 field compared with the blank fields. This is direct evidence that this most distant hot DOG is in an overdense environment on the Mpc scale, and the result relates to the merger origin of hot DOGs.
Teaching Disaster Nursing Competencies: Strategies to Succeed
Authors: Langan Joanne C. , Moore Karen S. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Disaster education for nurses at all levels is imperative to improve the ability for communities to be prepared to respond and recover from disasters and public health emergencies. A variety of educational strategies are available to deliver this vital content.

Method:
A variety of strategies to deliver necessary disaster nursing education are discussed. The development of online disaster response modules for nurses at all levels from nursing student through advanced practice, delivered via a learning management system is described along with standard approaches to disaster content delivery.

Results:
All methods of teaching disaster nursing competencies are valued.

Conclusion:

Through the effective online approach, nurses can receive disaster management training at the time and location that is most comfortable and convenient for them, thus increasing the potential to train more nurses in this important content area.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(X):XXX–XXX.]
Navigating the Nexus: Acute Kidney Injury in Acute Stroke – A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Arora Sameer , Agrawal Arpit , Vishnu Venugopalan Y. , Singh Mamta B. , Goyal Vinay , Srivastava Padma M. V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevalent in patients with acute stroke. Although AKI is linked to poor clinical outcomes, data about its incidence and effect on stroke outcomes is limited.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational study carried out at a single tertiary care center that analyzed the data of 204 consecutive subjects with acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Considering serum creatinine at admission as the baseline, AKI was defined as a rise in serum creatinine value of 0.3 mg/dl over 48 h or a percentage increase of at least 50% from baseline over 7 days during hospitalization. The primary outcome was to measure the prevalence of AKI in patients with acute stroke. Secondary outcome measures were all-cause mortality, duration of hospital stay, need for dialysis, and comparison of outcomes in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. For both the stroke subtypes, we employed a multivariate logistic regression model, with AKI and hospital mortality being the outcomes. Covariates included gender, age, ventilatory requirement, duration of hospital stay, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission.

Results:
There were 144 cases of ischemic stroke with 12 deaths (8.3%) and 60 cases of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) with 22 deaths (36.7%). The mean age was 55 years, 72.6% were males, and AKI complicated 34% of ischemic stroke and 66.7% of ICH hospitalizations. AKI was linked to increased hospital mortality from ischemic stroke (odds ratio [OR] 27.21, 95% CI 3.39–218.13) and hemorrhagic stroke (OR 5.12, 95% CI 1.29–20.28) in multivariate analysis stratified by stroke type.

Conclusions:
AKI complicates stroke frequently and increases hospital mortality. Additional studies are required to assess if the association is causal and if remedies to prevent AKI would decrease mortality.
Cerebellar Haemorrhage After Corrective Surgery for Scoliosis in a Girl with Arrested Hydrocephalus
Authors: Thomas Dona T. , Mohammed P.A Kunju , Kalpana D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A 14-year-old girl with congenital hydrocephalus and early-onset scoliosis presented with sudden onset of severe headache on the fourth postoperative day of scoliosis correction (definitive fusion). On evaluation, she was found to have cerebellar haemorrhage on computed tomography scan with the findings of obstructive hydrocephalus. Posterior fossa bleed with hydrocephalus contributing to raised ICP was suspected initially. Headache persisted despite treating the patient with analgesics and antioedema measures. There was no history of postural variation of headache. As the drain output was not coming down, even by the sixth postoperative day, low cerebrospinal fluid pressure headache was considered and the drain was removed, which resulted in marked improvement of headache. Subsequent wound exploration revealed grade III dural tear at D10 level, which was repaired and the headache subsided completely. The linear pattern of haemorrhage in the cerebellum is classical of remote cerebellar haemorrhage, which is seen rarely following spinal surgeries with associated dural tear.
Efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation in persistent somatoform pain disorder (psychosomatic pain): A narrative review
Authors: Joshi Shailja , Mishra Preeti , Garg Shobit , Godi Sangha Mitra , Tikka Sai Krishna , Dhyani Mohan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Persistent somatoform pain disorder (PSPD) is a chronic bodily pain condition associated with psychological and emotional distress. It is highly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders and up to 50% or more of the general population report one or more somatic symptoms in their lifetime. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been proven as a safe and effective cortical stimulation technique to alleviate the symptoms in chronic pain conditions.

Aim:
With this narrative review, we planned to evaluate all the existing studies to know the efficacy and tolerability of TMS in patients with PSPD.

Materials and Methods:
The review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). On the basis of predefined selection criteria, 13 studies were found to be related to TMS in somatoform pain. Upon further screening, a total of 7 potentially relevant studies (n = 445) were included in this review.

Results:
The result outcomes reflect a reduction in pain perception and pain intensity in the TMS group. There was also subjective improvement in associated symptoms such as low mood, anxiety, and dysfunction. However, there were considerable variations in study parameters such as hypothesis, stimulation protocol, and study methodology, which may have impacted the final review outcomes.

Conclusion:
TMS is an effective and safe treatment for PSPD, but the evidence is still anecdotal and theta burst stimulation can be a potential better option than conventional TMS. There is a need for larger, longer, and possibly multicentric replication of trials with TMS and PSPD.
Enhancing esthetic practice: The efficacy of intravenous drips
Authors: Gorai Surajit 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper explores the role of intravenous (IV) drips in enhancing esthetic practices, focusing on their efficacy in improving skin health, hydration, and overall appearance. IV drips, which deliver vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients directly into the bloodstream, have gained popularity in esthetic medicine due to their potential to provide quick and noticeable results. The paper reviews current research on the bioavailability and effectiveness of these treatments compared to oral supplements. Additionally, it examines the potential benefits, such as improved skin elasticity, radiance, and anti-aging effects, while also considering the risks and ethical considerations in their use. The findings suggest that while IV drips may offer a valuable tool in esthetic practice, further research is needed to fully understand their long-term effects and optimal use.
Is acanthosis nigricans, periorbital/perioral pigmentation, maturational hyperpigmentation, pigmented transverse nasal band, and cutaneous amyloidosis a frictional dermatitis a feature of frictional dermatitis developed on Atopic dermatitis skin?
Authors: Sirka Chandra Sekhar 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Frictional dermatitis is a cutaneous change resulting from prolonged friction on the Atopic dermatitis skin. Over the last 6 months, we came across 20 atopic dermatitis patients with acanthosis nigricans, periorbital perioral pigmentation, maturational hyperpigmentation, pigmented transverse nasal band, and/or cutaneous amyloidosis lesion. Treatment given for atopic dermatitis (oral steroid, tofacitinib, and cytotoxic drugs improved atopic dermatitis and frictional dermatitis change (acanthosis nigricans, periorbital and/or perioral pigmentation, maturational hyperpigmentation, pigmented transverse nasal band, and cutaneous amyloidosis lesion). However, both atopic dermatitis and frictional dermatitic change recurred within 2–4 weeks of discontinuing the therapy for atopic dermatitis. Based on the site of occurrence (body fold and possible friction on the body), and response atopic dermatitis treatment these changes were hypothesized to be possibly due to the result of 1) trauma on the atopic skin developed frictional dermatitic change due to flexion, extension, and friction. This is reported to bring awareness among the physicians that the changes like acanthosis nigricans, periorbital perioral pigmentation, maturational hyperpigmentation, pigmented transverse nasal band, cutaneous amyloidosis may the atopic dermatitis developed following friction induced by frictional dermatitis induced by itch, friction, or body fold movement (flection and extension), in atopic dermatitis patients.
Comparative Evaluation of Various Antioxidants on the Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Bleached Enamel – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bhasker N , Sailaja Pachalla Mayuri , Sandeep Shiva , Krishnaveni J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To evaluate and compare the effect of various antioxidants on the shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel.

Materials and Methods:
Labial enamel surfaces of 90 extracted human maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into five groups based on the antioxidant used as follows: Group I (n = 20): Bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel for 10 min, without the use of an antioxidant; Group II (n = 20): Bleaching followed by the use of 10% sodium ascorbate solution; Group III (n = 20): Bleaching followed by the use of 5% grape seed extract solution; Group IV (n=20): Bleaching followed by the use of 5% pine bark extract solution; and Group V (n=20): Control group in which no bleaching was done. Groups I–IV were further subdivided into two subgroups of 10 teeth each, whether the antioxidant application and composite build-up was done immediately (subgroup A) or after 2 weeks of postbleaching (subgroup B). Shear bond strength of the specimens was tested under a universal testing machine.

Results:
One-way analysis of variance followed by Mann–Tukey posthoc multiple comparison test was used to analyse the data. The level of significance was established at P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of this study, it was observed that the use of antioxidants effectively reversed the compromised bond strength of bleached enamel. Among the antioxidants, 5% pine bark extract application after bleaching showed better bond strength.
A case report of nasoalveolar molding procedure using modified MU hook in a bilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors: Shetty Divya , Shetty Swathi , Shetty Soumya B , Naik Shilpa S. , Ratnaparkhi Ishani , Mehrotra Deepshikha 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The objective of nasoalveolar molding is to provide an approximation of lip and palatal segments, to reduce tension in the tissues in a nonsurgical way along with reshaping of gums, lips, and nostrils to give a symmetrical appearance, and help in narrowing the cleft width before surgery. The goal of this case report is to describe the use of a modified MU hook appliance in a case of a bilateral cleft lip and palate. This appliance aids in lengthening the columella and significantly improves the surgical outcome. This report also highlights the benefits, adjustments required, proper training for parents, and clinical management of the appliance.
An innovative appliance to prevent trauma to the pedicle of buccal myomucosal flap
Authors: Sharma Chirag , Singhal Gargi , Agrawal Karoon 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Buccal myomucosal flap or buccal flap is an established procedure for the treatment of velopharyngeal dysfunction. This flap is harvested from cheek based posteriorly in retromolar region and transferred to the soft palate region for lengthening of the palate. This is used for nasal lining and/or for closure of oral mucosa defect. There is a risk of crushing of pedicle of the flap in adolescents and adults when molars are erupted. An innovative orthodontic appliance has been designed to be placed over mandibular anteriors to create an open bite in the region of molars. This appliance has been used in 2 clinical cases successfully preventing trauma to the pedicle of the flap. This appliance is fabricated in the dental laboratory after taking mandibular and maxillary impressions. This appliance is fitted over the mandibular anterior teeth and patient can remove and put back. The patient can be trained about the use of the appliance peroperatively. It is easy to fabricate, user-friendly, and inexpensive. There was no complication in terms of temporomandibular joint pain or teeth movement.
Factors Associated with Clinical Pregnancy following Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ottun Tawaqualit Abimbola , Adewunmi Adeniyi Abiodun , Olumodeji Ayokunle Moses , Jinadu Faosat Olayiwola 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Over the years, the numbers of centres performing assisted reproductive technology (ART) have increased in urban regions of Africa. We reviewed a 10-year record of ART in a public hospital in a bid to determine the pregnancy rate and identify factors associated with achieving clinical pregnancy.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional study of 604 women who had undergone in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or IVF/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection, over a 10-year period, at the [Institute of Fertility Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital]. Data were obtained from the medical records of couples who had undergone IVF at the study location and analysed using relevant descriptive and inferential statistics. Regression analysis was used to determine possible predictors of clinical pregnancy outcomes at 95% confidence level and significant P value of <0.05.

Results:
The clinical pregnancy rate observed was 23.7%. Women aged ≥35 years of age had 2.9 odds of achieving pregnancy compared to women <35 years of age. The quality of embryo and dose of the follicle-stimulating hormone used were not significantly different when compared in pregnant and non-pregnant women (P = 0.612 vs 0.881). Endometrial preparation techniques, number of embryos transferred, types of embryos transferred, sperm quality, and source of gametes used were not significantly different in pregnant and non-pregnant women. There was a 0.77 odds of achieving pregnancy when a day-5 embryo was used compared to a day-3 embryo (P = 0.008).

Conclusion:
Overall, these results emphasise the multifaceted nature of IVF outcomes, urging further research to elucidate the intricate factors influencing success rates in assisted reproduction.
Role of Local Flaps in the Reconstruction of Extensive Anterolateral Noma Defect: A Case Report
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed Adam Sheikh , Alhaji Ahmed Mohammed , Mbaya Kefas Mari , Bala Mujtaba , Tahir Chubado 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The scarring stage of noma disease often presents with composite tissue loss involving hard and soft tissues with resultant fibrosis making reconstruction a challenge. Microvascular reconstruction option is associated with good outcomes when the expertise is available. Trismus, which is caused by either soft tissue fibrosis or the union of the coronoid to the zygomatic complex, is also a common presentation. Effective treatment necessitates the involvement of a diverse team of specialists and the establishment of clear treatment objectives. This report presents a case of an extensive composite noma defect with trismus in a 9-year-old female managed using local flaps.
Premalignant and Malignant Ocular Surface Squamous Cell Neoplasia: A Retrospective Hospital-Based Study Spanning 18 Years
Authors: Kayoma Dumebi Hedwig , Imasogie Dele Eradebamwen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia can arise from a premalignant lesion (conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia or ocular surface squamous cell intraepithelial neoplasia). Their respective magnitudes will provide an indication of early treatment or progression of the disease. This study, therefore, aims to determine the frequency of premalignant and malignant ocular surface squamous neoplasia. This is a retrospective study of all cases of premalignant and malignant ocular surface squamous neoplastic lesions histologically diagnosed over an 18-year period at the Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The results showed that there were more malignant ocular surface squamous neoplastic lesions relative to ocular surface squamous cell intraepithelial neoplastic lesions. Also, the latter occurs at a relatively lower median age in comparison to the former. In conclusion, our findings suggest that late presentation of symptoms may account for higher frequency of malignant ocular surface squamous neoplastic lesions.