bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptations for nocturnal and diurnal vision in the hawkmoth lamina
Authors: Stöckl Anna L. , Ribi Willi A. , Warrant Eric J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTAnimals use vision over a wide range of light intensities, from dim starlight to bright sunshine. For animals active in very dim light the visual system is challenged by several sources of visual noise. Adaptations in the eyes, as well as in the neural circuitry, have evolved to suppress the noise and enhance the visual signal, thereby improving vision in dim light. Among neural adaptations, spatial summation of visual signals from neighboring processing units is suggested to increase the reliability of signal detection and thus visual sensitivity. In insects, the likely neural candidates for carrying out spatial summation are the lamina monopolar cells (LMCs) of the first visual processing area of the insect brain (the lamina). We have classified LMCs in three species of hawkmoths with considerably different activity periods but very similar ecology—the diurnal Macroglossum stellatarum, the nocturnal Deilephila elpenor and the crepuscular‐nocturnal Manduca sexta. Using this classification, we investigated the anatomical adaptations of hawkmoth LMCs suited for spatial summation. We found that specific types of LMCs have dendrites extending to significantly more neighboring cartridges in the two nocturnal and crepuscular species than in the diurnal species, making these LMC types strong candidates for spatial summation. Moreover, while the absolute number of cartridges visited by the LMCs differed between the two dim‐light species, their dendritic extents were very similar in terms of visual angle, possibly indicating a limiting spatial acuity. The overall size of the lamina neuropil did not correlate with the size of its LMCs. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:160–175, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LPXRFa peptide system in the European sea bass: A molecular and immunohistochemical approach
Authors: Paullada‐Salmerón José A. , Cowan Mairi , Aliaga‐Guerrero María , Gómez Ana , Zanuy Silvia , Mañanos Evaristo , Muñoz‐Cueto José A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGonadotropin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a neuropeptide that suppresses reproduction in birds and mammals by inhibiting GnRH and gonadotropin secretion. GnIH orthologs with a C‐terminal LPXRFamide (LPXRFa) motif have been identified in teleost fish. Although recent work also suggests its role in fish reproduction, studies are scarce and controversial, and have mainly focused on cyprinids. In this work we cloned a full‐length cDNA encoding an LPXRFa precursor in the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. In contrast to other teleosts, the sea bass LPXRFa precursor contains only two putative RFamide peptides, termed sbLPXRFa1 and sbLPXRFa2. sblpxrfa transcripts were expressed predominantly in the olfactory bulbs/telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain tegmentum, retina, and gonads. We also developed a specific antiserum against sbLPXRFa2, which revealed sbLPXRFa‐immunoreactive (ir) perikarya in the olfactory bulbs‐terminal nerve, ventral telencephalon, caudal preoptic area, dorsal mesencephalic tegmentum, and rostral rhombencephalon. These sbLPXRFa‐ir cells profusely innervated the preoptic area, hypothalamus, optic tectum, semicircular torus, and caudal midbrain tegmentum, but conspicuous projections also reached the olfactory bulbs, ventral/dorsal telencephalon, habenula, ventral thalamus, pretectum, rostral midbrain tegmentum, posterior tuberculum, reticular formation, and viscerosensory lobe. The retina, pineal, vascular sac, and pituitary were also targets of sbLPXRFa‐ir cells. In the pituitary, this innervation was observed close to follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) cells. Tract‐tracing retrograde labeling suggests that telencephalic and preoptic sbLPXRFa cells might represent the source of pituitary innervation. The immunohistochemical distribution of sbLPXRFa cells and fibers suggest that LPXRFa peptides might be involved in some functions as well as reproduction, such as feeding, growth, and behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:176–198, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution of posterior parietal cortex and parietal‐frontal networks for specific actions in primates
Authors: Kaas Jon H. , Stepniewska Iwona 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPosterior parietal cortex (PPC) is an extensive region of the human brain that develops relatively late and is proportionally large compared with that of monkeys and prosimian primates. Our ongoing comparative studies have led to several conclusions about the evolution of this posterior parietal region. In early placental mammals, PPC likely was a small multisensory region much like PPC of extant rodents and tree shrews. In early primates, PPC likely resembled that of prosimian galagos, in which caudal PPC (PPCc) is visual and rostral PPC (PPCr) has eight or more multisensory domains where electrical stimulation evokes different complex motor behaviors, including reaching, hand‐to‐mouth, looking, protecting the face or body, and grasping. These evoked behaviors depend on connections with functionally matched domains in premotor cortex (PMC) and motor cortex (M1). Domains in each region compete with each other, and a serial arrangement of domains allows different factors to influence motor outcomes successively. Similar arrangements of domains have been retained in New and Old World monkeys, and humans appear to have at least some of these domains. The great expansion and prolonged development of PPC in humans suggest the addition of functionally distinct territories. We propose that, across primates, PMC and M1 domains are second and third levels in a number of parallel, interacting networks for mediating and selecting one type of action over others. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:595–608, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A benchmark study of numerical schemes for one‐dimensional arterial blood flow modelling
Authors: Boileau Etienne , Nithiarasu Perumal , Blanco Pablo J. , Müller Lucas O. , Fossan Fredrik Eikeland , Hellevik Leif Rune , Donders Wouter P. , Huberts Wouter , Willemet Marie , Alastruey Jordi 
Published: June 2015

SummaryHæmodynamical simulations using one‐dimensional (1D) computational models exhibit many of the features of the systemic circulation under normal and diseased conditions. Recent interest in verifying 1D numerical schemes has led to the development of alternative experimental setups and the use of three‐dimensional numerical models to acquire data not easily measured in vivo. In most studies to date, only one particular 1D scheme is tested. In this paper, we present a systematic comparison of six commonly used numerical schemes for 1D blood flow modelling: discontinuous Galerkin, locally conservative Galerkin, Galerkin least‐squares finite element method, finite volume method, finite difference MacCormack method and a simplified trapezium rule method. Comparisons are made in a series of six benchmark test cases with an increasing degree of complexity. The accuracy of the numerical schemes is assessed by comparison with theoretical results, three‐dimensional numerical data in compatible domains with distensible walls or experimental data in a network of silicone tubes. Results show a good agreement among all numerical schemes and their ability to capture the main features of pressure, flow and area waveforms in large arteries. All the information used in this study, including the input data for all benchmark cases, experimental data where available and numerical solutions for each scheme, is made publicly available online, providing a comprehensive reference data set to support the development of 1D models and numerical schemes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Color matching experiment for highlighting interobserver variability
Authors: Asano Yuta , Fairchild Mark D. , Blondé Laurent , Morvan Patrick 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHuman color vision differs from person to person, not only when color deficiencies occur but also within color‐normal populations. Investigating individual variability in normal color vision is beneficial both for clinical purposes and for quantifying observer metamerism. Researchers have used color matches such as Rayleigh matches, Moreland matches, the D&H color rule, and various combinations of different media for such investigations. However, none of them were originally aimed at investigating the interobserver variability in color‐normal populations, but rather were aimed at screening for color‐deficiencies. The objective of this study was, therefore, to design and carry out a color matching experiment where observer variability appeared as large as possible to detect the interobserver differences in the color‐normal population. Color matching was simulated under different combinations of reference spectrum and matching primaries using ColorChecker patches, different display/projector primaries, and the Stiles and Burch 49 observers. The simulation results showed: (1) The choice of spectra for the matching primaries had a significant effect on observer variability, (2) observer variability was large for near‐neutral reference colors, and (3) observer variability in the lightness direction was small relative to chromatic variability. The color matching experiment highlighting interobserver variability was designed based on these three findings and carried out for 61 color‐normal observers. Typical interobserver variability was 9.2 mean color difference from the mean (MCDM) using CIEDE2000 (spanning about 40 CIELAB units), which was much larger than any previous experiment. The obtained color matching data are useful for derivation, validation, and analysis of color matching functions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 530–539, 2016
Expression of the immunoglobulin superfamily cell membrane adhesion molecule Cd146 in acute leukemia
Authors: Cavazzini Francesco , Campioni Diana , Ferrari Luisa , Buldini Barbara , Bardi Maria Antonella , Michielotto Barbara , Lazzari Maria Cristina , Ongari Manuele , Dabusti Melissa , Daghia Giulia , Sofritti Olga , Basso Giuseppe , Lanza Francesco , Cuneo Antonio 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe expression of the immunoglobulin superfamily cell membrane adhesion molecule CD146 has been reported on several normal and pathological cell types in human. The aim of this study was to investigate CD146 expression in acute leukemia using a multiparametric cytofluorimetric approach.MethodsCytofluorimetric and cytogenetic studies were performed on peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from 162 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML,n = 121) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL,n = 41). ALL patients were subdivided in B‐ALL (n = 38) and T‐ALL (n = 3). Adult (n = 18) and pediatric (n = 20) B‐ALL were considered as a whole group.ResultsFour out of 121 (3.3%) AML cases, 14/38 (36.8%) B‐ALL, and 2/3 (66.6%) T‐ALL expressed CD146 on 12–98% of blasts (p < 0.001). CD146 expression was not observed in 10 healthy controls. Among B‐ALL CD146‐positive cases, 78.6% were associated with a “common”/BII‐ALL and 21.4% with a pre‐B/BIII‐ALL immunophenotype while pro‐B/BI‐ALL and mature‐B/BIV‐ALL cases were CD146‐negative. Statistical analysis showed CD146 expression strongly associated with Ph+ positivity in B‐ALL with the highest percentage of CD146‐positive blasts in all Ph‐positive B‐ALL cases (84 ± 22% Ph‐positive B‐ALL SD vs. 40 ± 24% SD in Ph‐negative B‐ALL;p < 0,001).ConclusionIn our series, CD146 was expressed in all cases of Ph‐positive B‐ALL and in the vast majority of T‐ALL, whereas it was rarely expressed by AML blasts. We suggest that CD146 may be considered as an additional marker for acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosis and monitoring of minimal residual disease in those cases which are CD146‐positive at diagnosis. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Directional antennas MAC protocol for energy‐efficient wireless sensor networks with mobile sink
Authors: Ajofoyinbo Abayomi M. , Li Wei W. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryUsing mobile sink with directional antennas (DAs) is one of the major efforts in the literature to improve energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, there are three important concerns that have remained unresolved when utilizing this method: namely, (i) packets may be lost because of the continuous motion of the mobile sink; (ii) energy may be wasted when the mobile sink is transiting from one point to another; and (iii) the antennas may not completely scan the entire vicinity of the mobile sink because of continuous directional motion. Our research for this paper targeted these three concerns. For this purpose, a novel semi‐Markov decision process‐based model is constructed for energy‐efficient WSNs with a mobile sink using DAs. Optimal results in terms of the average optimal value of the sum of expected total discounted energy consumption is achieved. Through this optimal analysis, the conclusion is reached that packet loss due to the continuous directional motion of the mobile sink will be eliminated, energy will be preserved, and the mobile sink will completely scan its vicinity using the four DAs. Our results may provide guidelines for using mobile sinks with DAs to further improve energy efficiency in WSNs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of New Phosphonoamide and Phosphonocaprolactam Derivatives via the Diethyl Chlorophosphate‐Promoted Beckmann Rearrangement of γ‐Phosphonyloximes
Authors: Wahbi Aymen , Touil Soufiane 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTHerein, we report an efficient and straightforward synthesis of new phosphonoamide and phosphonocaprolactam derivatives, via the Beckmann rearrangement of γ‐phosphonyloximes. The reaction proceeded smoothly in the presence of diethyl chlorophosphate as a promoter, to afford the title compounds in satisfactory yields. A mechanistic rationalization for this reaction is provided allowing for the prediction of its regiochemistry.
New mapping techniques to estimate the preferential loss of small wetlands on prairie landscapes
Authors: Serran J. N. , Creed I. F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractReliable estimates of wetland loss require improved wetland inventories and effective monitoring programmes. The Prairie Pothole Region of North America is experiencing rapid urban, agricultural and economic development, which places wetlands at risk, especially small geographically isolated wetlands. This loss is concomitant with a loss of ecosystem services. To improve upon current wetland inventories, a method for mapping wetlands using an automated object‐based approach was developed for a regional watershed in Alberta. The method improves upon existing wetland mapping methods by effectively mapping small wetlands and better capturing the convolution of wetland edges. This approach uses digital terrain objects derived from light detection and ranging data, from which 130 157 wetlands were identified. Wetland loss estimates (% number and % area) were obtained by applying a wetland area versus frequency power‐law function to the wetland inventory. We estimated a 16.2% historic loss of wetland number and a 2.6% loss of wetland area, with the size of these lost wetlands <0.04 ha. The improved techniques for mapping wetland loss and estimating wetland loss provide a more accurate representation of the magnitude of wetland loss in the Prairie Pothole Region. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating aquifer properties using groundwater hydrograph modelling
Authors: Shapoori V. , Peterson T. J. , Western A. W. , Costelloe J. F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEstimation of aquifer hydraulic properties is essential for predicting the response of an aquifer to extractions and hence estimating the availability of the groundwater resources. Aquifer tests are commonly used for the estimation of aquifer properties; however, they can be expensive and often only characterize the short‐term response of the aquifer. This paper presents a time series modelling approach to estimating aquifer hydraulic properties. It is applied to 42 bores monitoring an unconfined aquifer within an irrigation region of south‐eastern Australia, and the resulting probabilistic estimate of hydraulic properties are evaluated against pumping test estimates. It is demonstrated that the time series modelling can provide a reliable estimate of the hydraulic properties that are typical of a very long‐term pumping test. Furthermore, the application of the time series modelling to 42 bores provided novel insights into the aquifer heterogeneity. We encourage others to further test the approach and the source code is available from: http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/48546‐peterson‐tim‐j‐groundwater‐statistics‐toolbox Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Snowpack sensitivity to perturbed climate in a cool mid‐latitude mountain catchment
Authors: Rasouli Kabir , Pomeroy John W. , Marks Danny G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThere is great interest in ascertaining the degree of climate change necessary to induce substantial changes in snow accumulation and ablation processes in mountain headwater catchments. Therefore, the response of mountain snow hydrology to changes in air temperature and precipitation was examined by simulating a perturbed climate in Reynolds Mountain East (RME), a headwater catchment with a cool mountain climate in Idaho, USA. The cold regions hydrological model was used to calculate snow accumulation, wind redistribution by blowing snow, interception by forest canopies, sublimation and melt for 25 seasons in RME. The uncalibrated simulations of the highly redistributed snow water equivalent compared well to measurements. Results showed that with concomitant occurrence of warming (5 °C) and precipitation change (±20%) in RME, the peak seasonal snow accumulation decreased by 84–90%, snowmelt decreased 51–79%, rainfall to total precipitation ratio increased from 30% to 78%, and overwinter blowing snow transport and sublimation losses from intercepted snow, the snow surface and blowing snow decreased dramatically. Warming causes an increase in inter‐water year snowcover variability but a decrease in spatial snow accumulation variability. When warming exceeded 1 °C and a precipitation increased by less than 20%, the peak snow accumulation declined dramatically. The results contrast with those from further north along the North American Cordillera in Yukon, Canada, where the impacts of similar warming on alpine snow can be partly compensated for by concomitant increases in precipitation of less than 20%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of magnesium alloys and poly‐l‐lactide screws as degradable implants in a canine fracture model
Authors: Marukawa Eriko , Tamai Masato , Takahashi Yukinobu , Hatakeyama Ichiro , Sato Masaru , Higuchi Yusuke , Kakidachi Hiroshi , Taniguchi Hirofumi , Sakamoto Takamitsu , Honda Jun , Omura Ken , Harada Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe aims of this study were to evaluatein vivothe biological responses to implants composed of biodegradable anodized WE43 (containing magnesium yttrium, rare earth elements and zirconium; Elektron SynerMag®) magnesium alloy, monolithic WE43 magnesium alloy and poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA), which are commonly used materials in clinic settings, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the materials as bone screws. The effectiveness of the magnesium alloy implants in osteosynthesis was evaluated using a bone fracture model involving the tibia of beagle dogs. For the monolithic WE43 implants, radiological, and histological evaluation revealed that bone trabeculae around the implanted monolithic WE43 decreased because of an inflammatory response. However, there was no damage due to hydrogen gas or inflammatory response in the bone tissue around the anodized WE43 implants. After 4 weeks, all the PLLA implants (n = 3) had broken but the WE43 implants had not (n = 6). These results suggest that the WE43 implants had sufficient strength to fix bone fractures at load‐bearing sites in orthopedic and oral maxillofacial surgery. Therefore, these biodegradable magnesium alloys are good candidates for replacing biodegradable polymers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1282–1289, 2016.
Update of the Spain02 gridded observational dataset for EURO‐CORDEX evaluation: assessing the effect of the interpolation methodology
Authors: Herrera S. , Fernández J. , Gutiérrez J. M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObservational gridded products are commonly used to evaluate the performance of regional climate models. To this aim, gridded datasets should be comparable to the output of these models and, thus, should represent grid‐cell area‐averaged values and, whenever possible, they should be defined on the same spatial domains as the models, in order to avoid re‐gridding or re‐projection. In this study, we present an update of the Spain02 gridded observational dataset for daily precipitation and mean temperature building on the grids defined for the EURO‐CORDEX initiative. In order to assess and intercompare different interpolation approaches, we analysed (1) two standard methodologies (ordinary kriging and thin plate splines), (2) three horizontal resolutions: 0.11°, 0.22° and 0.44° (matching the rotated EURO‐CORDEX and ENSEMBLES grids), (3) two different approaches to guarantee either area‐averaged or point representativity of the resulting grid values and (4) including/excluding orography as a covariable in the interpolation procedure. Besides introducing the new gridded datasets, in this work we also present some preliminary results on the sensitivity of temperature and precipitation (both mean and extreme regimes) to all these factors.
In Silico Predictions of Drug – Drug Interactions Caused by CYP1A2, 2C9 and 3A4 Inhibition – a Comparative Study of Virtual Screening Performance
Authors: Kaserer Teresa , Höferl Martina , Müller Klara , Elmer Sebastian , Ganzera Markus , Jäger Walter , Schuster Daniela 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily represents the major enzyme class responsible for the metabolism of exogenous compounds. Investigation of clearance pathways is therefore an integral part in early drug development, as any alteration of metabolic enzymes may markedly influence the toxicological profile and efficacy of novel compounds. In silico methods are widely applied in drug development to complement experimental approaches. Several different tools are available for that purpose, however, for CYP enzymes they have only been applied retrospectively so far. Within this study, pharmacophore‐ and shape‐based models and a docking protocol were generated for the prediction of CYP1A2, 2C9, and 3A4 inhibition. All theoretically validated models, the validated docking workflow, and additional external bioactivity profiling tools were applied independently and in parallel to predict the CYP inhibition of 29 compounds from synthetic and natural origin. After subsequent experimental assessment of the in silico predictions, we analyzed and compared the prospective performance of all methods, thereby defining the suitability of the applied techniques for CYP enzymes. We observed quite substantial differences in the performances of the applied tools, suggesting that the rational selection of that virtual screening method that proved to perform best can largely improve the success rates when it comes to CYP inhibition prediction.
Chemoinformatics at the University of Sheffield 2002–2014
Authors: Gillet Valerie J. , Holliday John D. , Willett Peter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper summarises work in chemoinformatics carried out in the Information School of the University of Sheffield during the period 2002–2014. Research studies are described on fingerprint‐based similarity searching, data fusion, applications of reduced graphs and pharmacophore mapping, and on the School’s teaching in chemoinformatics.