bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial factors related to mortality and population decline of endangered mountain caribou
Authors: Apps Clayton D. , Mclellan Bruce N. , Kinley Trevor A. , Serrouya Robert , Seip Dale R. , Wittmer Heiko U. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTMountain caribou are an endangered ecotype of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) that historically occurred throughout the high snowfall regions of southeast British Columbia and the northwestern United States. The decline in caribou is thought to be due to apparent competition where increases in early‐seral conditions stimulate a numerical response in primary ungulate prey and their predators and these incidentally kill an unsustainable number of caribou. Based on the known location of death of 207 radio collared animals, we tested hypotheses pertaining to relationships between landscape composition and predator‐specific mortality of mountain caribou at 2 ecologically based spatial scales. Relative to landscape conditions within subpopulation boundaries (level 1) or within home ranges (level 2), caribou were at greater risk of predation at low elevations particularly within otherwise complex terrain (i.e., valleys) with more variation in overstory canopy closure and greater road densities. Caribou vulnerability to bears was also positively related to the variation in overstory age. Cougar predation was not related to roads or terrain complexity but occurred more often in landscapes with warmer aspects and greater proportions of stands of <120 years. Wolf predation occurred primarily at low elevations at the broader scale and in association with roads at the finer scale. Our results indicate that caribou vulnerability to predation was a function of both static (e.g., terrain) and dynamic (e.g., overstory conditions) factors, but we did not find evidence that localized habitat fragmentation due to forest harvest influenced predation on caribou. This result is not inconsistent with the apparent competition hypothesis but suggests that habitat change largely functions at broader spatial scales involving landscapes that can be beyond those occupied by caribou, including the winter ranges of primary ungulate prey. These changes and the season‐dependent dispersion of other ungulates and their predators may largely influence mortality risk to mountain caribou. Although roads and forest fragmentation are interrelated, roads may further contribute to caribou predation by increasing the efficiency of movement of some predators and thereby increasing encounter rates with caribou. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Dopamine‐Angiotensin interactions in the basal ganglia and their relevance for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Labandeira‐Garcia Jose L. , Rodriguez‐Pallares Jannette , Dominguez‐Meijide Antonio , Valenzuela Rita , Villar‐Cheda Begoña , Rodríguez‐Perez Ana I. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTRenin‐angiotensin systems are known to act in many tissues, for example, the blood vessel wall or kidney, where a close interaction between angiotensin and dopamine has been demonstrated. Regulatory interactions between the dopaminergic and renin‐angiotensin systems have recently been described in the substantia nigra and striatum. In animal models, dopamine depletion induces compensatory overactivation of the local renin‐angiotensin system, which primes microglial responses and neuron vulnerability by activating NADPH‐oxidase. Hyperactivation of the local renin‐angiotensin system exacerbates the inflammatory microglial response, oxidative stress, and dopaminergic degeneration, all of which are inhibited by angiotensin receptor blockers and inhibitors of angiotensin‐converting enzymes. In this review we provide evidence suggesting that the renin‐angiotensin system may play an important role in dopamine's mediated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress changes in Parkinson's disease. We suggest that manipulating brain angiotensin may constitute an effective neuroprotective strategy for Parkinson's disease. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Re‐using Mini‐Sentinel data following rapid assessments of potential safety signals via modular analytic programs
Authors: Toh Sengwee , Avorn Jerry , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Psaty Bruce M. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Saag Kenneth G. , Sturkenboom Miriam C. J. M. , Vandenbroucke Jan P. , Winterstein Almut G. , Strom Brian L. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s Mini‐Sentinel pilot has created a distributed data system with over 125 million lives and nearly 350 million person‐years of observation time. The pilot allows the FDA to use modular analytic programs to assess suspected safety signals quickly. The FDA convened a committee to assess the implications of such rapid assessments on subsequent analyses of the same product–outcome pair using the same data. The committee offers several non‐binding recommendations based on the strength of the knowledge of the suspected association before running the analysis: signal generation (an analysis with no prior), signal refinement (an analysis with a weak or moderate prior), and signal evaluation (an analysis with a strong prior). The committee believes that modular programs (MPs) are most useful for signal refinement. If MPs are used for analyses with no or weak/moderate priors, the committee members generally agree that the data may be re‐used if certain conditions are met. When there is a strong prior, the committee recommends that a protocol‐based assessment be used; Mini‐Sentinel data may be analyzed by MPs and re‐used only under very uncommon circumstances. The committee agrees that any subsequent assessment of the same product–outcome pair that follows an MP analysis should not be interpreted as independent confirmation of the association, such as would be established via replication of the same product–outcome association in two different populations. Instead, the follow‐up assessment should be interpreted as an analysis that has reduced insofar as possible systematic errors that may have been present or residual in the original MP analysis. The committee also discussed how this general framework may apply to two completed rapid assessments of dabigatran and bleeding risk and of olmesartan and celiac disease risk. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring Geographic Variation in US Mortality Rates Using a Spatial Durbin Approach
Authors: Yang Tse‐Chuan , Noah Aggie J. , Shoff Carla 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPrevious studies focused on identifying the determinants of mortality in US counties have examined the relationships between mortality and explanatory covariates within a county only and have ignored the well‐documented spatial dependence of mortality. We challenge earlier literature by arguing that the mortality rate of a certain county may also be associated with the features of its neighbouring counties beyond its own features. Drawing from both the spillover (i.e. same‐direction effect) and social relativity (i.e. opposite‐direction effect) perspectives, our spatial Durbin modelling results indicate that both theoretical perspectives provide valuable frameworks to guide the modelling of mortality variation in US counties. Our empirical findings support that the mortality rate of a certain county is associated with the features of its neighbours. Specifically, we found support for the spillover perspective in which the percentage of the Hispanic population, concentrated disadvantage, and the social capital of a specific county are negatively associated with the mortality rate in the specific county and also in neighbouring counties. On the other hand, the following covariates fit the social relativity process: health insurance coverage, percentage of non‐Hispanic other races, and income inequality. Their direction of the associations with mortality in the specific county is opposite to that of the relationships with mortality in neighbouring counties. Methodologically, spatial Durbin modelling addresses the shortcomings of traditional analytic approaches used in ecological mortality research such as ordinary least squares, spatial error, and spatial lag regression. Our results produce new insights drawn from unbiased estimates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analysis of the exponential stability of linear stochastic neutral delay systems
Authors: Li Zhao‐Yan , Lin Zongli , Zhou Bin 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the analysis of the mean square exponential stability and the almost sure exponential stability of linear stochastic neutral delay systems. A general stability result on the mean square and almost sure exponential stability of such systems is established. Based on this stability result, the delay partitioning technique is adopted to obtain a delay‐dependent stability condition in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). In obtaining these LMIs, some basic rules of the Ito calculus are also utilized to introduce slack matrices so as to further reduce conservatism. Some numerical examples borrowed from the literature are used to show that, as the number of the partitioning intervals increases, the allowable delay determined by the proposed LMI condition approaches hmax, the maximal allowable delay for the stability of the considered system, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed stability analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wear Behavior of Hardfacing Coatings Applied on Glass Processing Tools
Authors: Naderi Malek , Mohammadi Amir Hossein , Balaji Ghuteh , Bleck Wolfgang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWear is major life limiting factor of the glass processing tools. A complex interaction of hot viscous glass and oxide layers at tool surface, damages tool by cyclic contact. Hardfacing is one of the most useful and economical ways to improve the performance of components submitted to severe wear conditions. The specific wear behavior of a hardfacing coating depends on its chemical composition, the microstructure obtained after hardfacing process, and finally the harfacing technology used to apply them. The main objective of this study was to evaluate wear behavior for coatings applied by various hardfacing techniques consist of gas tungsten arc (TIG) welding, plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding, and chromizing. Two different commercial cobalt based hardfacing electrodes (Stellite 12 and Tribaloy T‐401) were employed to investigate the effect of the hardfacing alloys. In order to simulate real field conditions on a lab scale, tests were performed with a specially designed system and actual process parameters. The qualitative evaluation of wear behavior was supported by microstructural investigations using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM + EDS). The quantitative investigations were performed using profilometry and hardness tests. The results showed the superiority of PTA welding in comparison with other hardfacing techniques. The best wear resistance was obtained in PTA welding hardfacing with Stellite 12 alloy.
Induction of β-cell replication by a synthetic HNF4α antagonist
Authors: Lee Seung-Hee , Piran Ron , Keinan Ehud , Pinkerton Anthony , Levine Fred 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Increasing the number of β cells is critical to a definitive therapy for diabetes. Previously, we discovered potent synthetic small molecule antagonists of the nuclear receptor transcription factor HNF4α. The natural ligands of HNF4α are thought to be fatty acids. Because obesity, in which there are high circulating levels of free fatty acids, is one of the few conditions leading to β-cell hyperplasia, we tested the hypothesis that a potent HNF4α antagonist might stimulate β-cell replication. A bioavailable HNF4α antagonist was injected into normal mice and rabbits and β-cell ablated mice and the effect on β-cell replication was measured. In normal mice and rabbits, the compound induced β-cell replication and repressed the expression of multiple cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including p16 that plays a critical role in suppressing β-cell replication. Interestingly, in β-cell ablated mice, the compound induced α- and δ-cell, in addition to β-cell replication, and β-cell number was substantially increased. Overall, the data presented here are consistent with a model in which the well-known effects of obesity and high fat diet on β-cell replication occur by inhibition of HNF4α. The availability of a potent synthetic HNF4α antagonist raises the possibility that this effect might be a viable route to promote significant increases in β-cell replication in diseases with reduced β-cell mass, including type I and type II diabetes.
Development and testing of a mechanical lure for raptor trapping
Authors: Hull Angus C. , Fish Allen M. , Nikitas Craig , Hull Joshua M. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTRaptor trapping and banding at migration stations rely upon the use of live lure birds to attract hawks to the trapping area. The use of these lure animals may present raptor researchers with legislative, regulatory, ethical, and logistical challenges. We developed and tested a mechanical alternative to reduce the demands imposed by the use of live lures. The mechanical lure was able to withstand the rigors of field use and was as effective at attracting hawks to the trapping station as live lures during tests in the Marin Headlands, California, USA, 2001. Although resulting in significantly fewer captures, the use of a mechanical lure may be an appropriate alternative in situations where the regulatory and/or ethical environment prohibit the use of live lures and where the logistical demands of maintaining a captive colony of live lures is impractical. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
On Tetrafluorobromates(III): Crystal Structures of the Dibromate CsBr2F7 and the Monobromate CsBrF4
Authors: Ivlev Sergey , Woidy Patrick , Sobolev Vasily , Gerin Ivan , Ostvald Roman , Kraus Florian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlkali and alkaline earth metal tetrafluorobromates MIBrF4, MII(BrF4)2 (MI = Na–Cs, MII = Sr, Ba) can be synthesized from the respective fluorides and BrF3. By the reaction of CsF with an excess of BrF3, the compound cesium tetrafluoridobromate(III) bromine trifluoride (1/1), CsBr2F7 (1), was obtained in the form of a colorless powder and as single crystals. Shown by X‐ray diffraction on single crystals, its Br2F7– anion is neither planar, nor is its Br–μ‐F–Br unit linear, as previously deduced by Raman spectroscopy. In stoichiometric reactions of CsF with BrF3, the compound cesium tetrafluoridobromate(III), CsBrF4 (2), was obtained as a colorless powder. Compound 2 can also be obtained from compound 1 by evacuation. The crystal structure of CsBrF4 (2) was elucidated by Rietveld refinement on its X‐ray powder pattern. Its structure is not isotypic to MBrF4 (M = Na, K, Rb, NO) but isotypic to CsAuF4. CsBr2F7 is, however, not isostructural to CsAu2F7.
Cumulative Radiation dose in Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia and Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Hanneman Kate , Faughnan Marie E. , Prabhudesai Vikramaditya 
Published: August 2013

Purpose To determine the cumulative effective dose (CED) of radiation from medical imaging and intervention in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) who have pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and to identify clinical factors associated with exposure to high levels of radiation. Methods All patients with at least 1 pulmonary arteriovenous malformation were identified from the dedicated patient database of a tertiary HHT referral centre. Computerized imaging and electronic patient records were systematically examined to identify all imaging studies performed from 1989-2010. The effective dose was determined for each study, and CED was calculated retrospectively. Results Among 246 patients (mean age, 53 years; 62.2% women) with a total of 2065 patient-years, 3309 procedures that involved ionizing radiation were performed. CED ranged from 0.2-307.6 mSv, with a mean of 51.7 mSv. CED exceeded 100 mSv in 26 patients (11%). Interventional procedures and computed tomography (CT) were the greatest contributors, which accounted for 51% and 46% of the total CED, respectively. Factors associated with high cumulative exposure were epistaxis (odds ratio 2.7 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-6.3]; P = .02), HHT-related gastrointestinal bleeding (odds ratio 2.0 [95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.8]; P = .04) and number of patient-years ( P < .0001). Conclusions Patients with HHT are exposed to a significant cumulative radiation dose from diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Identifiable subsets of patients are at increased risk. A proportion of patients receive doses at levels that are associated with harm. Imaging indications and doses should be optimized to reduce radiation exposure in this population.
User acceptance of complex electronic market mechanisms: Role of information feedback
Authors: Adomavicius Gediminas , Curley Shawn P. , Gupta Alok , Sanyal Pallab 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper broadens the scope of evaluating the design of economic mechanisms that is traditionally done solely from an economic perspective. We introduce and demonstrate the application of acceptability to evaluate complex economic mechanisms. In particular, we apply our approach to the evaluation of continuous combinatorial auctions, which represent a complex, sophisticated market mechanism that has not been generally available in the online marketplace but has the potential to enhance the economic efficiency of trade for assets with interdependent values. Such auctions are being increasingly used in industry, e.g., to procure logistical services. Intuitively, acceptance and usage of a complex mechanism can be fostered by a design that provides information and tools that meet the users’ task demands. Based on prior research and an analysis of the auction tasks, we discuss practical and innovative information feedback schemes for reducing the cognitive burden of formulating bids in combinatorial auctions. Then, we use constructs from the technology acceptance model (TAM) – which have been consistently shown to be key determinants of technology acceptance in the extant literature – to compare the acceptability of the mechanism under three different information regimes. In addition, we borrow constructs from marketing theory to assess the potential growth in adoption of the mechanism. We compare user perceptions of the three alternative designs in a laboratory experiment with over 130 subjects. Our study constitutes a complementary and novel approach in evaluating the design of complex economic mechanisms. Results indicate a higher adoption and usage potential of the mechanism with advanced information feedback, supporting the potential of combinatorial auctions as a user‐acceptable market mechanism with appropriate feedback.
EXPLANATIONIST EVIDENTIALISM
Authors: McCain Kevin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn their most recent co-authored work, Conee and Feldman (2008) suggest that epistemic support should be understood in terms of best explanations. Although this suggestion is plausible, Conee and Feldman admit that they have not provided the necessary details for a complete account of epistemic support. This article offers an explanationist account of epistemic support of the kind that Conee and Feldman suggest. It is argued that this account of epistemic support yields the intuitively correct results in a wide variety of cases. Further, this explanationist account of epistemic support is not susceptible to objections that Lehrer (1974) and Goldman (2011) have raised for similar accounts of epistemic support.
Thermally Fully Developed Electroosmotic Flow of Power-Law Fluids in a Circular Microchannel
Authors: Sun Y.-J. , Jian Y.-J. , Chang L. , Liu Q.-S. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis study presents a thermally fully developed electroosmotic flow of the non-Newtonian power-law fluids through a circle microchannel. A rigorous mathematic model for describing the Joule heating in an electroosmotic flow including the Poisson Boltzmann equation, the modified Navier Stokes equation and the energy equation is developed. The semi-analytical solutions of normalized velocity and temperature are derived. The velocity profile is computed by numerical integrate, and the temperature distribution is obtained by finite difference method. Results show that the velocity profiles depend greatly on the fluid behavior index n and the nondimensional electrokinetic width K. For a specified value of K, the axial velocity increases with a decrease in n, and the same trend for the effect of K on the velocity can be found for a specified value of n. Moreover, the dimensionless temperature is governed by three parameters, namely, the flow behavior index n, the nondimensional electrokinetic width K, and the dimen-sionless Joule heating parameter G. The variations of radial fluid temperature distributions with different parameters are investigated.
Mode-III Stress Intensity Factors of an Arbitrarily Oriented Crack Crossing Interface in a Layered Structure
Authors: Chao C. K. , Lu L. M. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe problem of a layered structure containing an arbitrarily oriented crack crossing the interface in anti-plane elasticity is considered in this paper. The fundamental solution of displacements and stresses is obtained in a series form via the method of analytical continuation in conjunction with the alternating technique. A dislocation distribution along the prospective site of a crack is used to model a crack crossing the interface and the singular integral equations with logarithmic singular kernels for a line crack are then established. The crack is approximated by several line segments and the linear interpolation equation with undetermined coefficients was applied for the dislocation function along line segments. Once the undetermined dislocation coefficients are solved, the mode-III stress intensity factors KIII at two crack tips can be obtained for various crack inclinations with different material property combinations. All the numerical results are checked to achieve a good approximation that demonstrates the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed method.
CONSTRUCTING PERMUTATION POLYNOMIALS OVER FINITE FIELDS
Authors: QIN XIAOER , HONG SHAOFANG 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we construct several new permutation polynomials over finite fields. First, using the linearised polynomials, we construct the permutation polynomial of the form ${ \mathop{\sum }\nolimits}_{i= 1}^{k} ({L}_{i} (x)+ {\gamma }_{i} ){h}_{i} (B(x))$ over ${\mathbf{F} }_{{q}^{m} } $, where ${L}_{i} (x)$ and $B(x)$ are linearised polynomials. This extends a theorem of Coulter, Henderson and Matthews. Consequently, we generalise a result of Marcos by constructing permutation polynomials of the forms $xh({\lambda }_{j} (x))$ and $xh({\mu }_{j} (x))$, where ${\lambda }_{j} (x)$ is the $j$th elementary symmetric polynomial of $x, {x}^{q} , \ldots , {x}^{{q}^{m- 1} } $ and ${\mu }_{j} (x)= {\mathrm{Tr} }_{{\mathbf{F} }_{{q}^{m} } / {\mathbf{F} }_{q} } ({x}^{j} )$. This answers an open problem raised by Zieve in 2010. Finally, by using the linear translator, we construct the permutation polynomial of the form ${L}_{1} (x)+ {L}_{2} (\gamma )h(f(x))$ over ${\mathbf{F} }_{{q}^{m} } $, which extends a result of Kyureghyan.