bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of descriptive terminology on management of atypical thyroid fine‐needle aspirates
Authors: Vivero Marina , Renshaw Andrew A. , Krane Jeffrey F. 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUNDThe Bethesda System category of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) is used to classify a variety of mild abnormalities in thyroid FNAs. Modifying terminology is often added to FNA reports, but it is unknown whether specific phrases affect clinical management. To answer this question, the authors correlated treatment of patients who had initial AUS/FLUS diagnoses from Baptist Hospital (Miami, Fla) (BH) and Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston, Mass) (BWH) with the language used in pathology reports.METHODSIn total, 146 FNAs from BH, including 115 women and 31 men with a median age of 53 years (range, 21‐79 years), and 300 FNAs from BWH, including 241 women and 59 men with a median age of 66 years (range, 10‐85 years), were included. FNA reports were evaluated for predetermined descriptive phrases and were correlated with subsequent management.RESULTSMore patients with available follow‐up underwent excision at BH than at BWH (86% vs 8%; P < .001), and fewer underwent a repeat biopsy (14% vs 92%; P < .001). Qualifiers associated with differing malignancy risk affected patient management (P < .05) at BH, but not at BWH. Reports indicating a scant or limited specimen increased rebiopsy rates at BH (100% vs 4.8%; P < .05), but not at BWH (93% vs 91%; P = .67), as did explicit recommendation for rebiopsy at BH (35% vs 14%; P = .03). No other phrases affected patient management (P > .05).CONCLUSIONSIn practice settings that follow The Bethesda System management guidelines, descriptive report terminology does not modify patient treatment. In less standardized settings, terminology associated with differing risk of malignancy on subsequent excision, pathologist recommendations, and phrases indicative of limited sampling significantly alter patient management. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:175–181. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
One‐Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of a Porous Cu2O Film and Its Photoelectrochemical Properties
Authors: Ji Ran , Sun Wendong , Chu Ying 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA cuprous oxide (Cu2O) film with a novel porous structure is successfully synthesized on Cu foil by using a simple hydrothermal method. A redox reaction occurs between Cu and Cu2+ in aqueous solution to form the Cu2O film. The porous structures are formed as a result of the Ostwald ripening mechanism. In addition, photoluminescence measurements indicate that the porous Cu2O film may reduce the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. The UV/Vis absorption property of the porous Cu2O film is better than that of the granular Cu2O film, and its high photocurrent is expected to make the porous Cu2O film more suitable for solar energy applications.
Managing Corporate Sustainability and CSR: A Conceptual Framework Combining Values, Strategies and Instruments Contributing to Sustainable Development
Authors: Baumgartner Rupert J. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTSustainable development can be a source of success, innovation, and profitability for companies. To use this source and to deal with the challenge of sustainability, corporations need a framework they can rely on in order to identify opportunities and threats and to develop, implement, control, and improve corporate sustainability strategies to be both more sustainable (for themselves and the society) and more successful in economic terms. Based on an extensive literature review of strategic management, CSR, and corporate sustainability, a conceptual framework is developed which offers an integrated view on the relevance of sustainability aspects for an individual company and enables the integration of these sustainability aspects on different management levels. Contextual factors are used to identify the relevance of sustainable development and the significant sustainability aspects. Based on this initial step, the relevance of sustainability issues for the different management levels, as well as opportunities and threats related to sustainable development, can be identified. The framework distinguishes three different management levels: normative management, strategic management, and operational management. Questions of vision and mission of a company and of the fit between sustainability engagement and organizational culture are in focus of the normative management level. Developing an effective corporate sustainability strategy is part of the strategic level. The implementation of the sustainability strategy in the different corporate functions is part of the operational level. This framework for corporate sustainability management is supported by instruments which are clustered in different areas like performance measurement, assessment and evaluation, operational management or strategic management. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Nonaqueous Silylamines for Efficient CO2 Capture
Authors: Switzer Jackson R. , Ethier Amy L. , Hart Emily C. , Flack Kyle M. , Rumple Amber C. , Donaldson Jordan C. , Bembry Ashley T. , Scott Owen M. , Biddinger Elizabeth J. , Talreja Manish , Song Myoung‐Geun , Pollet Pamela , Eckert Charles A. , Liotta Charles L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA series of silylated amines have been synthesized for use as reversible ionic liquids in the application of post‐combustion carbon capture. We describe a molecular design process aimed at influencing industrially relevant carbon capture properties, such as viscosity, temperature of reversal, and enthalpy of regeneration, while maximizing the overall CO2‐capture capacity. A strong structure–property relationship among the silylamines is demonstrated in which minor structural modifications lead to significant changes in the bulk properties of the reversible ionic liquid formed from reaction with CO2.
Is population structure in theEuropean white stork determined by flyway permeability rather than translocation history?
Authors: Shephard Jill M. , Ogden Rob , Tryjanowski Piotr , Olsson Ola , Galbusera Peter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEuropean white stork are long considered to diverge to eastern and western migration pools as a result of independent overwintering flyways. In relatively recent times, the western and northern distribution has been subject to dramatic population declines and country‐specific extirpations. A number of independent reintroduction programs were started in the mid 1950s to bring storks back to historical ranges. Founder individuals were sourced opportunistically from the Eastern and Western European distributions and Algeria, leading to significant artificial mixing between eastern and western flyways. Here we use mitochondrial and microsatelliteDNAto test the contention that prior to translocation, eastern and western flyways were genetically distinct. The data show a surprising lack of structure at any spatial or temporal scale suggesting that even though birds were moved between flyways, there is evidence of natural mixing prior to the onset of translocation activities. Overall a high retention of genetic diversity, highNef, and an apparent absence of recent genetic bottleneck associated with early 20th century declines suggest that the species is well equipped to respond to future environmental pressures.
Community Resilience, Transitional Corridors and Macro‐Scalar Lock‐in Effects
Authors: Wilson Geoff A. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis article analyses interlinkages between community resilience, transitional corridors and macro‐scalar lock‐in effects, with specific emphasis on exogenous drivers. Transition theory is used as an approach to analyse resilience pathways. The article suggests that transitional corridors shape decision‐making opportunities, which are ultimately mediated by the individual/household within a community and turned into action with tangible effects on resilience/vulnerability ‘on the ground’. The importance of macro‐structural ‘lock‐ins’ for understanding constraints and opportunities for raising community resilience is highlighted, including in particular political and policy‐based decision‐making pathways, macro‐structural lock‐ins, ideological lock‐in effects and macro‐economic lock‐ins. The article concludes by arguing that transitional corridors are key processes for understanding community resilience, and that more empirical work is needed to unravel interlinkages between how the ‘boundaries’ of these corridors specifically affect community resilience and how communities can help shape or influence these transitional corridors to build more resilient futures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Graphene Oxide Modified Ag2O Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Ji Zhenyuan , Shen Xiaoping , Yang Jinglei , Xu Yuling , Zhu Guoxing , Chen Kangmin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOwing to its unique two‐dimensional structure and extraordinary physicochemical properties, graphene oxide (GO) is considered an ideal support for developing highly efficient photocatalysts. In this study, a novel Ag2O/GO nanocomposite, as a visible‐light‐induced photocatalyst, has been fabricated by a simple solution route. The electrostatic interactions between positively charged Ag+ and negatively charged GO sheets are responsible for the formation of the Ag2O/GO nanocomposite. The anchoring of the Ag2O nanoparticles on the GO nanosheets was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) under visible‐light irradiation was studied to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the Ag2O/GO nanocomposites. Due to the enhanced adsorption capacity, the smaller size of the Ag2O nanoparticles, and the improved separation of electron–hole pairs after the incorporation with GO sheets, the Ag2O/GO nanocomposites showed enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with bare Ag2O nanoparticles. In addition, the kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation reaction and a plausible photocatalytic mechanism are presented. The results pave the way to the design of highly efficient visible‐light‐responsive photocatalysts for the removal of organic pollutants for water purification.
Recurrent and second primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: When and how to reirradiate
Authors: Strojan Primož , Corry June , Eisbruch Avraham , Vermorken Jan B. , Mendenhall William M. , Lee Anne W. M. , Haigentz Missak , Beitler Jonathan J. , de Bree Remco , Takes Robert P. , Paleri Vinidh , Kelly Charles G. , Genden Eric M. , Bradford Carol R. , Harrison Louis B. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundLocal and/or regional recurrence and metachronous primary tumor arising in a previously irradiated area are rather frequent events in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Re‐treatment is associated with an increased risk of serious toxicity and impaired quality of life (QOL) with an uncertain survival advantage.MethodsWe analyzed the literature on the efficacy and toxicity of photon/electron‐based external beam reirradiation for previously irradiated patients with HNSCC of non‐nasopharyngeal origin. Studies were grouped according to the radiotherapy technique used for reirradiation. Patient selection criteria, target volume identification method, tumor dose, fractionation schedule, systemic therapy administration, and toxicities were reviewed.ResultsIn addition to disease‐related factors, current comorbidities and preexisting organ dysfunction must be considered when selecting patients for reirradiation. As morbidity from re‐treatment may be considerable and differ depending on which mode of re‐treatment is used, it is important to give patients information on potential morbidity outcomes so that an informed choice can be made within a shared decision‐making context. With improved dose distribution and adequate imaging support, including positron emission tomography‐CT, modern radiotherapy techniques may improve local control and reduce toxicity of reirradiation. A reirradiation dose of ≥60 Gy and a volume encompassing the gross tumor with up to a 5‐mm margin are recommended. Concomitant administration of systemic therapeutics and reirradiation is likely to be of similar benefit as observed in large randomized studies of upfront therapy.ConclusionReirradiation, administered either with or without concurrent systemic therapy, is feasible and tolerable in properly selected patients with recurrent or a new primary tumor in a previously irradiated area of the head and neck, offering a meaningful survival (in the range of 10% to 30% at 2 years). Whenever feasible, salvage surgery is the method of choice for curative intent; patients at high‐risk for local recurrence should be advised that postoperative reirradiation is expected to increase locoregional control at the expense of higher toxicity and without survival advantage compared to salvage surgery without reirradiation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 134–150, 2015
The snakes and ladders of National Health Service management in England
Authors: Powell Martin 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThis article explores managerial careers in the National Health Service (NHS) through the lens of talent management, particularly focusing on how managers view barriers (snakes) and facilitators (ladders) to career progression. There is a significant literature on enablers and barriers to career progression, but much of this focuses on specific groups such as black and minority ethnic and female workers, and there is relatively little material on the general workforce of the NHS. The research design is a mixed method quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (interview and focus group) approach consisting of a quasi‐probability element that focuses on a maximum variety sample and a purposive element that seeks policy views at central and strategic health authority level, and examines talent management in high‐performing NHS organisations. Ladders are identified as follows: volunteering, secondment, networking, mentoring, academic qualifications, development, good role models/managers and appraisal/personal development plan. Snakes are identified as managing expectations; identity and cognitive diversity; location; sector; NHS toxic and favouritism culture; poor talent spotting; credentialism; exclusive approach to talent; and sustainability. It concludes that while previous conceptual and empirical work is fairly clear on any ladders, it is less clear on snakes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatic fibrogenesis and transforming growth factor/Smad signaling activation in rats chronically exposed to low doses of lead
Authors: Perez Aguilar Rossana C. , Honoré Stella M. , Genta Susana B. , Sánchez Sara S. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTLead is an important heavy metal pollutant in the environment. The nervous system, kidney and liver are the most susceptible organs to lead deposition, showing that this pollutant has no single target system. To examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in their pathobiology of chronic lead at low‐dose exposure in the liver, male Wistar rats were exposed to 0.06% lead acetate in drinking water every day for 4 months. At the end of the study, hepatic metal accumulation, morphology and function were examined. Immunochemical staining and Western blot analysis were performed to detect extracellular matrix proteins, α‐smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor (TGF)β1/Smad pathway expression. Results showed increased laminin, collagen IV and fibronectin, located at the perisinusoidal space. Phenotypic transformation of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblast‐like cells was evidenced at the ultrastructural level and a significant expression of α‐smooth muscle actin in Disse's space was observed. These findings were associated with a marked increase in TGFβ1/Smad2/3 signaling. Our data suggest that, chronically, exposure to low levels of lead could trigger the onset of a hepatic fibrogenic process through upregulated TGFβ1/Smad signaling. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Median nerve T2 assessment in the wrist joints: Preliminary study in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and healthy volunteers
Authors: Cha Jang Gyu , Han Jong Kyu , Im Soo Bin , Kang Sung Jin 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo perform a prospective quantitative analysis of median nerve T2 values and cross‐sectional area (CSA) in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) as compared to asymptomatic volunteers.Materials and MethodsTwelve CTS patients with positive nerve conduction results and 12 healthy volunteers (controls) were enrolled and underwent axial T2 mapping of the wrist joints. Median nerve T2 values and CSAs at the distal radioulnar joint, pisiform, and hook of hamate levels were compared between the groups.ResultsThe T2 values at the proximal and distal carpal tunnel were higher in the CTS patients than in the controls (P < 0.05). The T2 values at the distal radioulnar joint did not differ between the groups (P = 0.99). The CSAs of the median nerve at all levels of the carpal tunnel were significantly larger in the CTS patients than in the controls (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, our study demonstrated that median nerve T2 assessment is feasible and that T2 assessment may offer functional information about the median nerve in the carpal tunnel and has the potential to be a promising complementary method for evaluation of CTS patients. A future study with larger sample sizes is necessary to investigate the potential effect of median nerve T2 assessment to a reliable tool in the diagnosis of CTS.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:789–795 © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparison of screen temperature as measured by two Met Office observing systems
Authors: Clark M. R. , Lee D. S. , Legg T. P. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTDuring 2009, the Met Office implemented a new surface observing system, the Meteorological Monitoring System (MMS). We report the results of a comparison of screen temperature as measured by MMS, and the Semi‐Automatic Meteorological Observing System (SAMOS), the most widely used of the systems which MMS replaces. In each system, temperature was measured at 1‐min resolution using 100 Ω platinum resistance thermometers. Comparison of MMS and SAMOS temperatures in separate Stevenson screens revealed acceptably small mean temperature differences (0.05 °C); however, MMS temperatures tended to be 0.3–0.5 °C higher than SAMOS temperatures during conditions of strong solar radiation, with extreme differences of up to 0.8 °C. Such differences were largely absent when MMS and SAMOS temperatures were measured from within the same screen, suggesting that differences in the immediate environment of each screen may have been responsible. However, even within the same screen, a diurnal cycle in the (SAMOS–MMS) temperature differences of amplitude (peak‐to‐peak) ∼0.04–0.06 °C was observed, which was likely due to the effects of low‐angle solar radiation. Additional testing using a third, independent temperature unit revealed a slight temperature dependency in the SAMOS measurements; extrapolation of the results suggests differences of 0.2–0.3 °C between SAMOS and MMS temperatures at ambient temperatures >30 °C (MMS warmer). Overall, however, the differences between SAMOS and MMS temperatures were small, being well within World Meteorological Organization (WMO) accuracy limits for mean and extreme temperatures. The results therefore demonstrate that any step change in climatological temperature records associated with the introduction of MMS may be considered negligible.
Metabolomic analysis of the polyphenols in germinating mung beans (Vigna radiata) seeds and sprouts
Authors: Tang Dongyan , Dong Yinmao , Guo Na , Li Li , Ren Hankun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe mung bean (Vigna radiata) is a key food crop in much of Asia and contains plentiful biological activities to prevent human disease. Mung bean sprouts have more plentiful metabolites and activities after germination.RESULTSThe metabolite profile of polyphenols in the germination process was described using the methods of ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Sprouts from different periods were clearly discriminated from each other. Eight flavonoids – vitexin, isovitexin, rutin, kaempferol 3‐O‐rutinoside, isoquercitrin, genistein, daidzein and isorhamnetin – and two phenolic acids – shikimic acid and caffeic acid – were thought to be chemical markers of the sprouts. The method of high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection was established to quantitatively analyze the eight chemical markers of flavonoids, and provides good linearity, repeatability, intra‐ and inter‐day precision, accuracy and recovery. The main metabolic and transformation pathways of the polyphenols in the germination process were discussed.CONCLUSIONThe proposed method is sensitive, rapid and robust. Understanding the complete profile of polyphenol metabolites in the germination process may be useful for better utilizing mung beans sprouts as the raw materials of functional food, health products and cosmetics. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Tracheostomy as Treatment for Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Camacho Macario , Certal Victor , Brietzke Scott E. , Holty Jon‐Erik C. , Guilleminault Christian , Capasso Robson 
Published: November 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo systematically review outcomes for polysomnography, sleepiness, and mortality in patients who undergo tracheostomy for the treatment of adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Data SourcesMEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 2013, followed by extensive hand searching for the identification of relevant English language studies that met predefined criteria.Review MethodsAdult studies of tracheostomies or tracheotomies as treatment for OSA with outcomes for apnea index (AI), apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), effect on daytime sleepiness or mortality were identified, abstracted and pooled (as appropriate). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.ResultsThe systematic search identified 18 relevant studies that were primarily case series, using retrospective review. Posttracheostomy AI improved from 73.0 ± 27.1 to 0.2 ± 1.2/h and an AI mean difference of −83.47 (95% CI, −106.07 to −60.87; P < 0.0001). Mean AHI decreased from 92.0 ± 34.8 to 17.3 ± 20.5/h and an AHI mean difference −79.82 (95% CI, −63.74 to −95.90; P < 0.0001) compared with preoperative status was observed. Postsurgically, there was a development of central apneas; however, the central AI demonstrated near normalization to a mean of 2.1 ± 3.5/h after 14 weeks. ODI decreased from 78.2 ± 25.8/h to 20.8 ± 25.5/h. Four studies demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in subjective sleepiness posttracheostomy. Postoperative statistically significant reductions in overall and in cardiovascular mortality compared with untreated historical cohorts was reported.ConclusionTracheostomies significantly decrease apnea index, oxygen desaturation index, sleepiness, and mortality in OSA subjects.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 124:803–811, 2014