bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizing pneumonia secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis: A case report
Authors: Liu Min , Dong Xi-Yang , Ding Zhi-Xiang , Wang Qing-Hai , Li De-Hui 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Organizing pneumonia secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis is rare. Moreover, the temporal boundary between pulmonary tuberculosis and secondary organizing pneumonia has not been defined. We report a case of secondary organizing pneumonia associated with pulmonary tuberculosis occurring after nine months of antituberculosis treatment.
CASE SUMMARY
A 54 years old man, previously diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy, underwent nine months of antituberculosis treatment. Follow-up lung computed tomography revealed multiple new subpleural ground-glass opacities in both lungs, and a lung biopsy confirmed organizing pneumonia. Treatment continued with anti-tuberculosis agents and hormone therapy, and subsequent dynamic pulmonary computed tomography exams demonstrated improvement in lesion absorption. No disease recurrence was observed after corticosteroid therapy discontinuation.
CONCLUSION
When treating patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, if an increase in lesions is observed during anti-tuberculosis treatment, it is necessary to consider the possibility of tuberculosis-related secondary organizing pneumonia, timely lung biopsy is essential for early intervention.
Lumbar spine fusion surgery versus best conservative care for patients with severe, persistent low back pain
Authors: Bada Eniola S. , Gardner Adrian C. , Ahuja Sashin , Beard David J. , Window Peter , Foster Nadine E. 
Published: July 2024

AimsPeople with severe, persistent low back pain (LBP) may be offered lumbar spine fusion surgery if they have had insufficient benefit from recommended non-surgical treatments. However, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2016 guidelines recommended not offering spinal fusion surgery for adults with LBP, except as part of a randomized clinical trial. This survey aims to describe UK clinicians’ views about the suitability of patients for such a future trial, along with their views regarding equipoise for randomizing patients in a future clinical trial comparing lumbar spine fusion surgery to best conservative care (BCC; the FORENSIC-UK trial).MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was piloted by the multidisciplinary research team, then shared with clinical professional groups in the UK who are involved in the management of adults with severe, persistent LBP. The survey had seven sections that covered the demographic details of the clinician, five hypothetical case vignettes of patients with varying presentations, a series of questions regarding the preferred management, and whether or not each clinician would be willing to recruit the example patients into future clinical trials.ResultsThere were 72 respondents, with a response rate of 9.0%. They comprised 39 orthopaedic spine surgeons, 17 neurosurgeons, one pain specialist, and 15 allied health professionals. Most respondents (n = 61,84.7%) chose conservative care as their first-choice management option for all five case vignettes. Over 50% of respondents reported willingness to randomize three of the five cases to either surgery or BCC, indicating a willingness to participate in the future randomized trial. From the respondents, transforaminal interbody fusion was the preferred approach for spinal fusion (n = 19, 36.4%), and the preferred method of BCC was a combined programme of physical and psychological therapy (n = 35, 48.5%).ConclusionThis survey demonstrates that there is uncertainty about the role of lumbar spine fusion surgery and BCC for a range of example patients with severe, persistent LBP in the UK.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(7):612–620.
Factors affecting utilization of outpatient healthcare services among the elderly population in Butiama and Musoma districts, Tanzania: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Sichalwe Magnus Michael , Mwesiga Chrisostom Charles , Kessy Anna Tengia , Behera Manas Ranjan 
Published: July 2024

Background
In Tanzania and Sub-Saharan Africa, the elderly population has grown significantly due to improved quality of life, subsequently leading to prolonged life expectancy. Despite global development initiatives, elders still face insufficient care. Through a community-based investigation, this study assessed outpatient department (OPD) healthcare utilization and its determinants among the elderly in Butiama and Musoma districts, Tanzania.

Methodology
This study involved 415 elderly individuals aged 60 or older in Tanzania’s Butiama and Musoma districts. Structured questionnaires were used to gather data, and the results were analyzed using SPSS 22. Univariate analysis utilized descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis involved cross-tabulation data, and multivariate logistic regression identified factors influencing OPD service utilization.

Results
Approximately 43.4% of participants used OPD services in the past year. Divorced or separated individuals were over two times more likely to utilize OPD services compared to single participants. This association was statistically significant (OR 1.958; 95% CI 1.001–3.829; p = 0.05). About 74.5% of surveyed elders held a positive perception of OPD utilization. Although not statistically significant (p>0.05), individuals with a positive perception had 1.167 times higher odds of using OPD services (95% CI 0.746–1.826).

Conclusion
This study highlights a low overall utilization rate of OPD healthcare services among the elderly. Elderly individuals aged 80 years or older, along with widowed or divorced individuals, encounter specific barriers when accessing healthcare services. Positive perceptions play a crucial role in influencing healthcare utilization. It is essential to proactively offer tailored support and conduct further research, specifically addressing the distinct needs of divorced and widowed individuals when seeking healthcare services.
Safety climate in the operating room in the pre-pandemic and pandemic period of COVID-19: A mixed method study
Authors: Ferreira Rosilene Alves , Fassarella Cintia Silva , Ribeiro Olga Maria Pimenta Lopes , Cardoso Rosane Barreto , Henrique Danielle de Mendonça , Camerini Flávia Giron , Souza Rogério Marques de , Meneses Ricardo de Oliveira 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
To verify whether the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the safety climate based on the perception of the multiprofessional team in the operating room and to analyze the domains of the safety climate during the pre-pandemic and pandemic period of COVID-19, demonstrating the intersections of quantitative and qualitative approaches.

Methods
Mixed-method research using a convergent approach strategy, carried out in the operating room of a university hospital, located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The nature of the quantitative phase was cross-sectional, and the nature of the qualitative phase was descriptive. We used the Pillar Integration Process to integrate the data. This research considered the pre-pandemic period was defined as before March 2020 and for the pandemic period, the 2nd and 3rd global waves. Research was approved by the institution’s board management and ethics committee.

Results
145 health professionals participated in the quantitative approach, and 20 in the qualitative approach. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was highlighted in the domains ’Perceived stress’ (p-value = 0.017); ’Working conditions’ (p-value = 0.040). Six categories emerged from the qualitative analysis, namely: Stress and professional performance due to COVID-19; Patient safety protocols in the operating room; Responsibility for patient safety, lack of effective communication and performance feedback; Biosafety of the professional staff in the operating room; Security culture maturity; Fair culture, organizational learning, and reporting mistakes. As a result of the data integration, 6 pillars were identified: Perception of communication in the operating room; Evolution of safety culture; Overview of protocol management and implementation; Fair organizational culture; Perception of stress due to COVID-19; Perception of professional performance due to COVID-19.

Conclusions
The impact that COVID-19 had on the safety climate in the operating room is evident. It underlines the need to implement strategies that support the solidification of attitudes aimed at patient safety, even in emergencies.
Challenges in Diagnosis: Primary Hepatic Lymphoma Presenting as a Space-Occupying Liver Lesion
Authors: Vasireddy Ramya , Bilalaga Mariah Malak , Iding Jeffrey , Sankineni Abhinav 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms, the incidence of which has increased over the past 3 decades. Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the liver is a very rare malignancy. We outline a case describing primary hepatic lymphoma in an 85-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer who presented with generalized weakness and nonspecific symptoms. The patient had normal liver function, serum alpha fetoprotein level, and hemoglobin. A computed tomography scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis showed numerous low-attenuation lesions scattered throughout the liver. This case underscores the importance of including primary hepatic lymphoma as a differential diagnosis for space-occupying liver lesions, especially in the setting of normal alpha fetoprotein level.
Avaliação da citotoxicidade, mutagenicidade e genotoxicidade de Tarenaya aculeata (Cleomaceae) utilizando Allium cepa L.
Authors: Ferreira Duarte Bianca , Luis Aguayo de Castro Thiago , Do Socorro Mascarenhas Maria , Santos da Rosa Juliano , Rodrigo Nogueira Claudio , Andrea Lima Cardoso Claudia 
Published: July 2024

Tarenaya aculeata é uma espécie pertencente à família Cleomaceae, que vem ganhando destaque nos estudos medicinais. Neste estudo foi analisado o efeito de extratos aquosos e frações obtidos com resina amberlite XAD-2 de folhas, caules e raízes de T. aculeata na germinação e proliferação celular de sementes de Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae). Uma análise de Componentes Principais (PCoA) foi realizada para observar semelhanças e dissimilaridades nas respostas do índice de germinação relativo e índice mitótico entre as amostras, e os cromatogramas das amostras foram obtidos utilizando um cromatógrafo líquido de alta eficiência (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Os extratos das folhas (LE) e frações (LF), na concentração de 100 µg/mL, apresentaram redução no índice de germinação em relação ao controle, com valores de 81,66 ± 6,02 para LE e 80,26 ± 6,87 para LF. Em relação ao índice mitótico, sementes tratadas com todos os extratos e frações de T. aculeata agiram de maneira dose-dependente. Os resultados obtidos referentes aos índices de germinação e mitótico indicaram um efeito alelopático das amostras. Na análise de proliferação celular os extratos dos caules (SE) e frações (SF) foram os mais citotóxicos, apresentando valor de índice mitótico de 9,00 ± 0,2 para SE e 8,4 ± 0,5 para SF, a 1000 µg/mL. A análise do PCoA permitiu observar uma diferença significativa nos caules e raízes comparados às folhas, que foram também observadas nos cromatogramas gerados a partir das diferentes amostras. Os extratos e frações não apresentaram genotoxicidade e mutagenicidade.
New target-HMGCR inhibitors for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A drug Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhou Jie , Xu Yixin , Wang Haitao , Liu Zhilin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
No intervention definitively extends transplant-free survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), may enhance PSC prognosis, but their efficacy is debated.

Methods
We analyzed HMGCR single-nucleotide polymorphisms from published genome-wide association studies using Mendelian randomization to assess the causal relationship between HMGCR and PSC risk. Effects of HMGCR were compared with proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, common lipid-lowering drugs, using coronary heart disease risk as a positive control. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary analysis, complemented by the weighted median method. Heterogeneity analysis, examination of horizontal pleiotropy, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis were conducted for result robustness.

Results
Genetically predicted HMGCR exhibited a pronounced detrimental effect on PSC in both the IVW method (odds ratio [OR] [95%] = 2.43 [1.23–4.78], P = 0.010) and the weighted median method (OR [95%] = 2.36 [1.02–5.45], P = 0.044). However, PCSK9 did not reach statistical significance. Moreover, all analyses passed through heterogeneity analysis, horizontal pleiotropy analysis, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion
This study has confirmed a causal relationship between HMGCR and PSC risk, suggesting statins targeting HMGCR could enhance PSC patient outcomes.
A review of the application of exercise intervention on improving cognition in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms and clinical studies
Authors: Wang Man , Hua Yan , Bai Yulong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, leading to sustained cognitive decline. An increasing number of studies suggest that exercise is an effective strategy to promote the improvement of cognition in AD. Mechanisms of the benefits of exercise intervention on cognitive function may include modulation of vascular factors by affecting cardiovascular risk factors, regulating cardiorespiratory health, and enhancing cerebral blood flow. Exercise also promotes neurogenesis by stimulating neurotrophic factors, affecting neuroplasticity in the brain. Additionally, regular exercise improves the neuropathological characteristics of AD by improving mitochondrial function, and the brain redox status. More and more attention has been paid to the effect of Aβ and tau pathology as well as sleep disorders on cognitive function in persons diagnosed with AD. Besides, there are various forms of exercise intervention in cognitive improvement in patients with AD, including aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and multi-component exercise. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to summarize the findings of the mechanisms of exercise intervention on cognitive function in patients with AD, and also discuss the application of different exercise interventions in cognitive impairment in AD to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the selection of exercise intervention in cognitive rehabilitation in AD.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ НИЗЬКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНОГО КАТАЛІТИЧНОГО КРЕКІНГУ ПОЛІСТИРОЛУ ЗА АТМОСФЕРНОГО ТИСКУ
Authors: Павловський Денис О. , Кримець Григорій В. , Янушевська Олена І. , Левандовський Ігор А. , Донцова Тетяна О. 
Published: July 2024

Забруднення пластиком стало однією з глобальних екологічних загроз для людини і світу. Впродовж всього життєвого циклу пластмаси – від видобутку нафти до виробництва та утилізації, – вони виділяють хімічні речовини, особливо якщо пластикові відходи не утилізуються належним чином, а зберігаються просто неба на незахищеному ґрунті поблизу джерел води. Хімічна переробка пластикових відходів, яка базується на каталітичному крекінгу, запобігає викидам токсичних хімічних речовин у навколишнє середовище, дозволяє отримувати рідкі оливи та добавки до різних видів палива, а також уникати значних енергетичних затрат за використання механічних і термічних методів їх переробки. Каталітичний крекінг пластмас у присутності природних і синтетичних цеолітних каталізаторів дозволяє отримувати широкий спектр ароматичних вуглеводнів. Модифіковані зразки каталізаторів на основі CaY використано в каталітичному крекінгу термопластичного полімеру – полістиролу. Залежно від обраного типу цеолітного каталізатора (ZSM-5, Ni-ZSM-5, USY, NiHY) визначено практичні виходи компонентів рідкої фракції: стиролу, димеру стиролу, тримеру стиролу, етилбензолу, метилстиролу, кумолу та інших. Вихід стиролу у присутності ZSM-5 становив 42 %, Ni-ZSM-5 – 5.97 %, USY – 1.26 %, NiHY – 47.37 %. Вихід рідкої фракції у присутності ZSM-5 становив 67.2 %, Ni-ZSM-5 – 38.5 %, USY – 15 %, NiHY – 70.3 %. За результатами досліджень встановлено, що найбільш селективним та ефективним каталізатором крекінгу полістиролу (серед вищезазначених) є модифікований нікелем алюмосилікат (NiHY). Вихід рідкої фракції у присутності каталізатора NiHY становив 70.3 %, а вихід стиролу – 47.37 %. Отже, подальше вдосконалення каталізаторів необхідне для підвищення селективності та ефективності процесу низькотемпературного каталітичного крекінгу з метою отримання вторинної сировини для синтезу полістиролу.
Concepto de psicoterapia en psicología clínica
Authors: Gómez Vargas Maricelly 
Published: July 2024

Este artículo presenta una aproximación al concepto de psicoterapia en psicología clínica. Para este fin se analizan, dentro de una amplia muestra de documentos, los antecedentes históricos que dieron origen al concepto de psicoterapia. Teniendo en cuenta la concepción psicopatológica propuesta por la teoría dinámica, cognitiva-conductual, humanista y sistémica se describe el objeto al que estas apuntan en su intervención psicoterapéutica.
¿Qué hay de social en las representaciones sociales?
Authors: Rouquette Michel-Louis 
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo busca aportar una definición clara y operacional de las representaciones sociales, su relación con la noción de representaciones colectivas de Durkheim y sus presupuestos de base, según fueron planteados por su autor principal Serge Moscovici. Se presenta un esquema de comprensión de la teoría dirigido al trabajo de investigación, diferenciando objeto, población y contexto, como elementos fundamentales a tener en cuenta, una vez que nos interesamos en su abordaje metodológico. En una segunda parte, el artículo integra la teoría de las Representaciones Sociales al marco general de las teorías del pensamiento social, entendido como un enfoque y un campo del conocimiento típicamente de psicología social. Esta integración
conceptual y epistemológica permite responder a la pregunta que se plantea en el título: ¿qué hay de social en las representaciones sociales?
La contribución de Darwin a la psicología evolutiva
Authors: Manrique Tisnés Horacio 
Published: July 2024

La psicología evolutiva puede aparecer en escena gracias a que se transita desde una concepción del ser como permanencia hasta una del ser como cambio, lo cual genera grandes efectos en las esferas política, social y científica. Tal transformación se produce en un devenir histórico marcado por la teoría de la evolución de Charles Darwin y es reforzado por otros elementos históricos como la revolución francesa y la teoría de la relatividad en la física. Para ello se tuvo que trascender la inmovilidad del ser de Parménides y acoger la mutabilidad del ser de Heráclito, evento que es anunciado por Nietzsche como la muerte de Dios.
Este acontecimiento puede entenderse como la puesta en cuestión del binomio Dios-Verdad, donde la verdad deja de tener un carácter divino y, por lo tanto, se convierte en un asunto netamente humano y como tal en un asunto falible: la verdad deja de ser única, eterna e inmutable, y el ser humano, al perder sus atributos divinos, pasa a ser objeto de estudio de la ciencia.
¿Paradigmas en psicología? ¿Nuevos paradigmas?
Authors: Peláez J Gloria Patricia 
Published: July 2024

El debate epistemológico de la psicología es una constante a lo largo de su historia; no obstante, en las últimas dos décadas este debate ha perdido vigencia y son pocos los psicólogos que en sus investigaciones se ocupan de él, aunque se escucha la introducción del término paradigma, en lugar de corrientes, pretendiendo matizar la realidad del problema en esta disciplina; y cifrar mágicamente en esta referencia a paradigmas la solución a las inconsistencias epistemológicas verdaderas de su historicidad, tal como Foucault lo enseña. Pregonan además el nuevo paradigma de la complejidad para la psicología, poco conocido y definido e incluso ofertado para el psicoanálisis. Este trabajo pretende hacer una revisión general crítica de este panorama.
Significados, silencios y olvidos asociados a la experiencia del desplazamiento forzado
Authors: Díaz Facio Lince Victoria Eugenia , Molina Jaramillo Astrid Natalia , Marín Domínguez Manuel Antonio 
Published: July 2024

La investigación analizó los significados atribuidos a las pérdidas múltiples y los movimientos del duelo en personas desplazadas. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo con enfoque fenomenológico-hermenéutico. Participaron 18 personas en situación de desplazamiento. Se desarrollaron categorías relacionadas con los cambios y pérdidas vinculadas con la vida de antes, la salida del campo y la llegada a la ciudad. En este artículo se presentan dos categorías emergentes: primero, los significados que los afectados atribuyen a la experiencia del desplazamiento; segundo, los silencios y los olvidos como respuestas a la violencia vivida. Los significados construidos alrededor del desplazamiento permiten comprender las distintas posiciones frente a dicha experiencia y las posibilidades o dificultades para la reconstrucción de la vida. Los silencios y los olvidos son formas particulares de responder a esta violencia.
THE DIVERSITY AND MULTIFUNCTIONALITY OF LIFELONG GUIDANCE SERVICES IN THE DISTANCE EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL AS AN OPEN EDUCATION ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Katane Irēna , Katans Edgars , Vāvers Valdis Jānis 
Published: July 2024

Lifelong guidance is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary process, where different types of organisations, institutions in general and individually, have their own roles to play in the overarching lifelong guidance system. From this perspective, the advantages and contribution of distance education secondary schools in development of lifelong guidance system have so far been underinvestigated and underappreciated. The aim of the study: based on theoretical research and personal experience, to substantiate diversity and multifunctionality of lifelong guidance services in the open education environment of a modern distance education secondary school to form theoretical basis for developing assessment methodology. Research methods: 1) theoretical research methods: studying, analysing and evaluating scientific literature and various types of documents; 2) empirical research methods: reflection on own experience. The research findings allow for a main conclusion to be made that thanks to the principles of openness, overcoming distance and flexibility, lifelong guidance e-services in modern distance education secondary school are accessible to everyone, anywhere and anytime. Modern distance education secondary schools have large target-audience. These schools offer opportunities of education in alternative way. Thanks to offered formal and non-formal distance education (incl. second chance formal education, recurrent formal education), cooperation network of social partners (incl. school graduates with their career development success stories (narratives)), e-counselling etc., learners are able to self-develop and self-direct their careers according to their life goals and career intentions, combining distance learning with job and others important activities in their lives. The important place and role of distance education secondary schools within the lifelong guidance system is also evidenced by the teachers’ continuous professional development, incl. professional training courses, offered in a distance education environment. The modern distance education secondary school as an open environment occupies an important place in the Latvian lifelong guidance system.