bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updating the First CHIME/FRB Catalog of Fast Radio Bursts with Baseband Data
Authors:   The CHIME/FRB Collaboration, Amiri Mandana , Andersen Bridget C. , Andrew Shion , Bandura Kevin , Bhardwaj Mohit , Boyle P. J. , Brar Charanjot , Breitman Daniela , Cassanelli Tomas , Chawla Pragya , Cook Amanda M. , Curtin Alice P. , Dobbs Matt , Dong Fengqiu Adam , Eadie Gwendolyn , Fonseca Emmanuel , Gaensler B. M. , Giri Utkarsh , Herrera-Martin Antonio , Hopkins Hans , Ibik Adaeze L. , Joseph Ronniy C. , Kaczmarek J. F. , Kader Zarif , Kaspi Victoria M. , Lanman Adam E. , Lazda Mattias , Leung Calvin , Liu Siqi , Masui Kiyoshi W. , Mckinven Ryan , Mena-Parra Juan , Merryfield Marcus , Michilli Daniele , Ng Cherry , Nimmo Kenzie , Noble Gavin , Pandhi Ayush , Patel Chitrang , Pearlman Aaron B. , Pen Ue-Li , Petroff Emily , Pleunis Ziggy , Rafiei-Ravandi Masoud , Rahman Mubdi , Ransom Scott M. , Sand Ketan R. , Scholz Paul , Shah Vishwangi , Shin Kaitlyn , Shpunarska Yuliya , Siegel Seth R. , Smith Kendrick , Stairs Ingrid , Stenning David C. , Vanderlinde Keith , Wang Haochen , White Henry , Wulf Dallas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In 2021, a catalog of 536 fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) radio telescope was released by the CHIME/FRB Collaboration. This large collection of bursts, observed with a single instrument and uniform selection effects, has advanced our understanding of the FRB population. Here we update the results for 140 of these FRBs for which channelized raw voltage (“baseband”) data are available. With the voltages measured by the telescope’s antennas, it is possible to maximize the telescope sensitivity in any direction within the primary beam, an operation called “beamforming.” This allows us to increase the signal-to-noise ratios of the bursts and to localize them to subarcminute precision. The improved localizations are also used to correct the beam response of the instrument and to measure fluxes and fluences with an ∼10% uncertainty. Additionally, the time resolution is increased by 3 orders of magnitude relative to that in the first CHIME/FRB catalog, and, applying coherent dedispersion, burst morphologies can be studied in detail. Polarization information is also available for the full sample of 140 FRBs, providing an unprecedented data set to study the polarization properties of the population. We release the baseband data beamformed to the most probable position of each FRB. These data are analyzed in detail in a series of accompanying papers.
A Panchromatic Study of the X-Ray Binary Population in NGC 300 on Subgalactic Scales
Authors: Binder Breanna A. , Williams Rosalie , Payne Jacob , Eracleous Michael , Belles Alexander , Williams Benjamin F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The population-wide properties and demographics of extragalactic X-ray binaries (XRBs) correlate with the star formation rates (SFRs), stellar masses (M
⋆), and environmental factors (such as metallicity, Z) of their host galaxy. Although there is evidence that XRB scaling relations (L
X/SFR for high-mass XRBs (HMXBs) and L
X/M
⋆ for low-mass XRBs) may depend on metallicity and stellar age across large samples of XRB-hosting galaxies, disentangling the effects of metallicity and stellar age from stochastic effects, particularly on subgalactic scales, remains a challenge. We use archival X-ray through IR observations of the nearby galaxy NGC 300 to self-consistently model the broadband spectral energy distribution and examine radial trends in its XRB population. We measure a current (<100 Myr) SFR of 0.18 ± 0.08 M⊙ yr−1 and stellar mass M
⋆ =

(

2.15

−
0.14

+
0.26

)
×

10

9

M⊙. Although we measure a metallicity gradient and radially resolved star formation histories that are consistent with the literature, there is a clear excess in the number of X-ray sources below ∼1037 erg s−1 that are likely a mix of variable XRBs and additional background active galactic nuclei. When we compare the subgalactic L
X/SFR ratios as a function of Z to the galaxy-integrated L
X-SFR-Z relationships from the literature, we find that only the regions hosting the youngest (≲30 Myr) HMXBs agree with predictions, hinting at time evolution of the L
X–SFR–Z relationship.
Solar Eruptive Phenomena Associated with Solar Energetic Electron Spectral Types
Authors: Wang 王 Wen 雯 , Wang 王 Linghua 玲华 , Li 李 Wenyan 文妍 , Krucker Säm , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F. , Sheng 盛 Zheng 峥 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The energy spectral shape of solar energetic electron events carries important information on the energetic electron source/acceleration at the Sun. We investigate the association of six newly identified solar energetic electron spectral types with solar eruptive phenomena, including the downward double-power-law (DDPL) spectrum with break energy E

B
above 20 keV (DDPL

E

B

≥
20
keV

), DDPL with E

B
below 20 keV (DDPL

E

B

<
20
keV

), upward double-power law (UDPL), single-power-law (SPL), Ellision–Ramaty–like (ER), and logarithmic-parabola (LP). We find that the SPL type shows (the other five types show) an association with hard X-ray flares of ∼38% (∼55%–82%) and an association with west-limb coronal mass ejections (CMEs) of ∼76% (∼85%–93%). Among the other five types, the DDPL

E
B

<
20
keV

and ER (LP and DDPL

E

B

≥
20
keV

) types only have an association with type II radio bursts of ∼7%–8% (∼16%–20%) and an association with halo CMEs of ∼5%–9% (∼11%–21%); however, the UDPL type exhibits a significant (∼47% and ∼50%) association with type II bursts and halo CMEs, with a significantly faster median CME speed of

1000

−
120

+
550

km s−1. For DDPL

E
B

≥
20
keV

(DDPL

E
B

<
20
keV

) with a positive (no) correlation between spectral indexes and no (a positive) correlation between the spectral index and break energy, the spectrum appears to be flatter as the associated CME (flare) becomes faster (stronger). These results suggest that the SPL type can result from the initial acceleration process that likely occurs high in the corona, and then provide seed populations for further acceleration processes to form the other five types: the DDPL

E
B

<
20
keV

and ER types via flare-related processes, the LP and DDPL

E
B

≥
20
keV

types via CME-related processes, and the UDPL type via CME-driven shocks.
Volatile Mass Partitioned among the Atmosphere, Mantle, and Core in Proto-Mars
Authors: Saito Hiroaki , Kuramoto Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We analyze the distribution of volatiles such as water, hydrogen, and carbon within the atmosphere, mantle, and core of Mars during its accretion stages. The partitioning of these volatiles is crucial as it influences the generation of intrinsic magnetic fields, mantle convection, and magmatic activity. The study suggests that the accretion process is responsible for the presence of water and light elements within the Martian mantle and core. We employ a hybrid-type proto-atmosphere model, which considers an upper layer composed of nebula components and a lower layer made up of degassed components from the impact degassing of the simplified building blocks based on the two-component model. Our numerical analysis implies that the formation of a magma ocean at this high temperature and pressure after around the half-size of the present Mars triggers the migration of water vapor, carbon, and hydrogen from the primordial atmosphere into the planetary interior. Ultimately, several 1021 kg of water could have been distributed to the mantle and, if degassed again by the formation of flood basalts on the Tharsis Plateau, could have supplied Mars’ ancient oceans. Meanwhile, several 1020 kg of carbon and 1019 kg of hydrogen (equivalent to 1020 kg H2O) were found to be distributed in the core. Although the distribution of sulfur was simplified so that all of the sulfur is in the core, a result of sulfur accounting for 14 wt% to 19 wt.% of the core mass would be consistent with the core density suggested by InSight.
Studying Magnetic Reconnection with Synchrotron Polarization Statistics
Authors: Zhang Jian-Fu , Liang Shi-Min , Xiao Hua-Ping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process for releasing magnetic energy in space physics and astrophysics. At present, the usual way to investigate the reconnection process is through analytical studies or first-principle numerical simulations. This paper is the first to understand the turbulent magnetic reconnection process by exploring the nature of magnetic turbulence. From the perspective of radio synchrotron polarization statistics, we study how to recover the properties of the turbulent magnetic field by considering the line of sight along different directions of the reconnection layer. We find that polarization intensity statistics can reveal the spectral properties of reconnection turbulence. This work opens up a new way of understanding turbulent magnetic reconnection.
« Nemo intrat in celum nisi per philosophiam ». Jean Scot Érigène sur la nature et la connaissance humaine
Authors: Valsecchi Alessandro 
Published: July 2024

Cet article approfondit les limites, l’origine et les possibilités de la connaissance humaine à l’intérieur du système philosophique de Jean Scot Érigène. Nous soutenons la thèse suivante : la nature humaine est douée d’une puissance épistémique illimitée, étant capable de comprendre l’existence de Dieu par la seule étude physique, sans s’appuyer forcément sur la révélation écrite. Chez Érigène, la Bible et la cosmologie offrent à l’homme les mêmes données théophaniques. La nature humaine se présente alors comme la racine de la connaissance et de l’être, puisque c’est dans la compréhension par l’homme que les choses trouvent leur véritable substance. Ce cadre se trouve brisé par le péché originel, qui empêche un accès direct à la vérité et oblige l’homme à employer les instruments interprétatifs du monde sensible : la science physique et la science exégétique. Ces deux disciplines obligent les hommes à travailler respectivement l’univers et la sainte Écriture pour en déceler les connaissances cachées. Mais cet effort intellectuel est récompensé. Faisant preuve d’un fort optimisme épistémique, Jean Scot Érigène établit que l’accès aux données sensibles rend la connaissance humaine supérieure à toute autre, permettant ainsi le salut de la nature humaine. Ce n’est que par la philosophie, pratique accessible à tout individu, que l’homme accède à son bonheur final.
Collision poétique et fantaisiste. L’impureté politique dans l’œuvre de Nathalie Quintane
Authors: Cauchin Quentin 
Published: July 2024

Par le mélange des genres, l’élaboration de structures narratives éclatées, le recours au fragmentaire et un goût pour des approches ludiques et ironiques, l’œuvre de Nathalie Quintane se plaît à déstabiliser ses lecteurs et lectrices. À l’appui de deux livres parus en 1999, Mortinsteinck (sous-titré « Le livre du film ») et Début (une « autobiographie » douteuse), l’article propose d’interroger les implications poétiques et politiques de cette impureté formelle. À travers des procédés fantaisistes, qui intègrent en leur sein une critique des procédés de la représentation réaliste et des conventions littéraires, s’élaborent des formes indécises et indéterminées, reflétant une réalité morcelée et invitant à penser une éthique de la forme.
Un théâtre philosophico-littéraire de l’évolution : Juan Benet et l’élan vital
Authors: Lascaux Sandrine 
Published: July 2024

Cet article pose l’hypothèse que l’écrivain Juan Benet — figure majeure de la rénovation de la littérature espagnole de la seconde moitié du xxe siècle — s’est appuyé sur la pensée développée par Henri Bergson dans L’Évolution créatrice et notamment sur l’élan vital. Plus précisément, l’auteur suit une « méthode » proche de celle du philosophe en se servant de différentes images pour asseoir une démonstration. Les images empruntées à L’Évolution créatrice permettent ainsi à Juan Benet de développer une réflexion conceptuelle et de l’intégrer librement à son projet, transformant ainsi l’espace de Région, ce lieu imaginaire où se déroulent les grands récits de la guerre civile, en un théâtre philosophico-littéraire de l’évolution.
End-tidal-to-arterial PCO2 ratio as a prognostic value in mechanically ventilated patients at respiratory intensive care unit
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Mustafa , Elassal Gahan Mohamed , Abdel Hamid Hossam M. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Dead space refers to the part of each tidal volume that does not contribute to gas exchange. It serves as an indicator of lung function efficiency.

Aim
To evaluate the end-tidal-to-arterial PCO2 ratio and Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Assessment (APACHE IV) scoring system as prognostic values in mechanically ventilated patients at the respiratory intensive care unit (ICU).

Patients and methods
This prospective cohort research was done on 40 mechanically ventilated patients due to different respiratory causes who were admitted at the respiratory ICU at Ain Shams University hospitals.

Results
This study found that decreasing end tidal PCO2 (PETCO2)/arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) is associated with higher mortality amongst mechanically ventilated cases in respiratory ICU. A significant negative association between APACHE IV score and end-tidal to arterial PCO2 ratio following 1 h and after 24 h of mechanical ventilation. APACHE IV score showed a significant relation with mortality, being higher in survivors than nonsurvivors.

Conclusion
PETCO2/PaCO2 is a relevant prognostic value that reflects dead space ventilation among mechanically ventilated patients in respiratory ICU. APACHE IV score is a good mortality predictor in respiratory ICU.
Significance of Runt-related transcription factor 1 and Notch1 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer: involvement in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy resistance
Authors: Rashad Heba M. , Ahmed Hanan , Mohamed Samar N. , Eleleimy Hiam A. , Abdel-Aal Ebtehal M. 
Published: July 2024

Objective
One of the main obstacles to treating patients with non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) is the emergence of drug resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.

Aim
To investigate the prognostic relevance of Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) and Notch1 in NSCLC and to evaluate their potential involvement in induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy.

Materials and methods
Immunohistochemical study of RUNX1, Notch1, E-cadherin, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was conducted upon 83 cases diagnosed as NSCLC. The research was conducted in the departments of pathology, chest, and medical oncology of the Faculty of Medicine, Benha University.

Results
A significant relation was found between RUNX1 and sex (P=0.001), smoking history (P=0.002), and tumor grade (P=0.002). High RUNX1 expression was associated with poor OS and DFS (P=0.003 and 0.005), respectively. Cases with positive Notch1 expression were significantly associated with tumor grade (P=0.005) and tumor stage (P=0.024). A significant association was detected between Notch1 expression and poor OS and DFS (P=0.025 and 0.011), respectively. A statistically significant correlation was found between RUNX1 and Notch1 expressions (P=0.040). Moreover, high RUNX1 and positive Notch1 expressions were significantly associated with negative E-cadherin and positive HIF-1α expressions. Resistance against EGFR–TKI therapy was significantly associated with high RUNX1, positive Notch1, negative E-cadherin, and positive HIF-1α expressions, in EGFR-mutated cases.

Conclusions
RUNX1 and Notch1 may be involved in therapy resistance through the induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and may serve as prognostic markers in patients with NSCLC.
A Qualitative Study of the Initiation, Causes, and Consequences of Drug Addiction
Authors: Wani Haroon Rashid , Ahmed Atiq 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Drug addiction is a social problem that affects people all over the world, Increased manufacturing, distribution, promotion, availability, and social values contribute to this issue.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study was to explore the causes of substance abuse among users and its impacts.

Materials and Methods:
The study’s findings were derived through primary research. In-depth interviews with substance users undergoing treatment at a de-addiction center in Srinagar were carried out in June 2022–July 2022. This study included a thematic analysis of the stories of 20 participants.

Results:
Data gathered through participant narratives revealed personal experiences as well as common themes. A total of 3 themes emerged from the codes, the themes include (1) Initiation of substance abuse (2) Causes associated with substance abuse (3) Consequences of substance abuse.

Conclusion:
We conclude that the problem of substance abuse in Kashmir has assumed rising dimensions: curiosity, academic pressure, increasing economic stress, and easy accessibility are leading to initiation into substance abuse. It also reveals the harmful effects of substance abuse. Heroin is mostly used substance by abusers for the first time; substance abuse is on the rise, which is highly concerning for every member of society.
Examining Factors Associated with Retention and Abstinence in Abstinence-based Treatment for Heroin Dependence: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chawla Nishtha , Chatterjee Biswadip , Saini Romil , Sen Mahadev Singh , Mathur Rahul , Pakhre Ashish , Verma Suraj 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Retention in abstinence-based treatment is often studied in the context of sociodemographic/clinical factors with scant literature on individual factors such as craving, personality, coping, and social support.

Aims:
A pilot study was conducted to assess the personality, coping strategies, social support, and craving during discharge, among individuals diagnosed with opioid (heroin) dependence syndrome and examine their retention into treatment and abstinence status at 3-month follow-up.

Methods:
Fifty-three male inpatients with heroin dependence were included in the study and their personality, coping strategies, social support, and craving for heroin were assessed using structured instruments, namely, Big Five Inventory-version 2 (BFI-2), coping strategies inventory (CSI), Social Support Questionnaire-Hindi adaptation, and Obsessive–Compulsive Drug Use Scale, respectively. The initial assessment was made at predischarge, followed by a 3-month follow-up for treatment retention and illicit opioid abstinence.

Results:
The mean age of the sample was 26.8 ± 8.6 years, with a mean duration of opioid use 6.6 ± 5.9 years. Around 80% (n = 43) followed up at 3 months, of whom 22 respondents reported sustained abstinence during the follow-up period. No significant differences were noted in the sociodemographic or clinical profile amongst those who remained in follow-up versus those who did not and based on who remained abstinent or not at 3 months. Problem-focused disengagement coping on CSI and openness-to-experiences scores on BFI-2 were significantly higher among individuals who did not follow up, while agreeableness scores on BFI were significantly elevated in those who remained abstinent.

Conclusions:
Although a small sample size, the study highlights the importance of tailoring interventions to match the particular coping mechanisms and personality traits of individuals grappling with opioid dependence.
Integration of Oral Health Education into Medical Curriculum: Primary Care Perspective
Authors: Kumar Gunjan , Chowdhary Tina , Grover Alka 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Oral health is an Integrating oral health education into medical curricula and is increasingly recognized as important for health-care professionals. Oral health education in medical education is significant. The relationship between systemic diseases and oral health is significant. Poor oral health can contribute to the development or exacerbation of various systemic conditions, whereas systemic diseases can also manifest symptoms in the oral cavity.
The evaluation of human endogenous retroviral env expression in normal and cancerous tissues of the breast
Authors: Tavakolian Shaian , Goudarzi Hossein , Faghihloo Ebrahim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Both internal and external risk factors can accelerate the progression of breast cancer which is the reason why clinicians have tried to find new biomarkers for this health problem. Human endogenous retrovirus-W (HERV-W) can be one of these biomarkers, as it has been mentioned that some genes of this virus are able to have either higher or lower expression in numerous cancerous cells. In this study, we aimed to compare HERV-W envelope expression in breast cancer tissues and normal ones since its effects on this malignancy have not been clear.

Materials and Methods:
We collected 46 breast cancer tissues and their normal adjacent ones. After extracting the RNA of breast samples, we evaluated the expression of HERV-W envelope syncytin-1 and 2 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in different kinds of breast cancer stages.

Results:
Data showed that more than 13% of patients had a family history of breast cancer; moreover, approximately half of the tissues were estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor positive. Lymph node metastasis was seen in 52% of the patients, and about 40% of tumors were larger than 2 cm. Real-time PCR showed that syncytin-1 and 2 had upward regulation with (*P < 0.05) and (**P < 0.01), respectively.

Conclusion:
As the expression of HERV-W Env (syncytin-1, syncytin-2) was higher in breast cancerous tissues in comparison with normal ones, we believe that these genes may have a role to play in monitoring patients suffering from this type of cancer. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
The connection between hypertension and diabetes and their role in heart and kidney disease development
Authors: Hezam Ali Ahmed Mohammed , Shaghdar Hanan Basheer Mohammed , Chen Liying 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hypertension and diabetes are two common metabolic disorders that often coexist in the same individual. Their concurrence increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction, and other complications. Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes, and hypertension further aggravates this condition. Interestingly, hypertension and diabetes share several common pathophysiological mechanisms including insulin resistance, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, obesity, and oxidative stress suggesting a cross-talk between these two conditions that could potentially contribute to the development of other human diseases. Effective management of diabetes should include a multifaceted approach that addresses not only glycemic control but also blood pressure (BP) and lipid control. Treatment plans should be individualized to each patient’s needs and should involve a combination of lifestyle modifications and medications to achieve optimal control. With the availability of newer antidiabetic medications such as SGLT inhibitors and GLP1 receptor agonists, it is crucial to consider their potential to reduce BP, enhance kidney function, and lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases when initiating treatment for glycemic control. A more profound comprehension of the shared underlying mechanisms between these conditions could pave the way for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to tackle them. Our review offers an in-depth analysis of the literature, providing a holistic view of the mechanisms underlying diabetes-hypertension comorbidity and its implications on heart and kidney diseases. The present article concludes by discussing current approaches for managing hypertensive diabetic patients to create a set of comprehensive individualized recommendations.