bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inburgering en geestelijke bedienaren
Authors: Tijssen Marli 
Published: November 2014

Integration of immigrant priests and clergymen. A special target group or just ordinary immigrants?
The integration policy of the Dutch government encourages the development of a society where members of ethnic minorities can fully realize their civil rights and can fulfill their social rights and duties. The same is true for priests and clergymen who come to the Netherlands on behalf of the ethnic minority groups that live in the Netherlands. They will have to be prepared for Dutch society and their role as clergymen within the Dutch secular nation. The specific integration programme that the government introduced in 2002 for this particular target group will end in 2014. During the last 12 years this programme has changed considerably as a result of developments in the social and political context that influenced the integration policy of the government. In this paper the considerations and policy changes towards integration in general and more specific towards the integration of immigrant priests and clergymen in the Netherlands are pointed out, together with the changes in the programme entailed by these policy changes.
Religieuze voorgangers tussen Schrift en recht
Authors: Smeets Kirsten , Sterkens Carl 
Published: November 2014

Religious leaders between Scripture and the law: collision of the freedom of religion with the right to equality in the Netherlands
What freedom of speech do religious leaders have when their religious speech discriminates others? Freedom of religion and freedom of expression may collide with the right to equality (including the principle of non-discrimination). Religious plurality and social polarization in Dutch society induce conflict between these fundamental rights.This article reviews two legal cases where an imam and a minister were accused of discrimination of homosexuals. From this jurisprudence the authors deduce three principles in judicial decisions weighing freedom of religion and freedom of speech against equality rights: interpretative reluctance, cautiousness and the position of the religious leader.
On long decays of electrons in the vicinity of the slot region observed by HEO3
Authors: Ripoll J.‐F. , Chen Y. , Fennell J. F. , Friedel R. H. W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLong decay periods of electron counts, which follow abrupt rises and last from weeks to months, have been observed by the HEO3 spacecraft in the vicinity of the slot region between the years 1998 and 2007. During the most stable decay periods as selected, e‐folding timescales are extracted and statistically analyzed from observations as a function of L‐shell and electron energy. A challenge is to reproduce the observed timescales from simulations of pitch angle diffusion by three acting waves—the plasmaspheric hiss, lightning‐generated whistlers, and VLF transmitter waves. We perform full numerical simulations to accurately compute electron lifetimes. We choose to use the method and wave parameters proposed by Abel and Thorne in 1998 with the goal to assess whether they can reproduce lifetimes extracted from HEO observations. We show how hiss dominantly affect high energy electrons (E > 2 MeV) for L in [2, 3.5] and VLF transmitter waves control residency times of low energy electrons (<0.4 MeV) around L = 2. These interactions induce characteristic shapes of the lifetime profiles that will be discussed. We show how the wave amplitudes can be adjusted for the particular energy particles that are dominantly affected by one wave type only. Using these amplitudes, mean HEO lifetimes are reproduced within a factor 2 to 5. VLF occurrence rates and hiss amplitude turn out significantly higher than those proposed by Abel and Thorne. The wide energy response of the sensors complicates the analysis because it blurs the electron lifetime dependence on energy, increases the overall lifetimes, and reduces the differences between the different channel lifetimes. In particular, our simulations suggest the flux measured by an integrated energy sensor aboard HEO has a variable slope, i.e., a variable lifetime, during 10–20 days in our data, due to the faster decay of the low residency time particles while slower decaying particles control the steady decay. It can explain some of the multi‐slopes decays observed by HEO. HEO electron long decay timescales are also compared to the timescales previously observed from Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) and Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) with differences attributed to factors such as instrument characteristic and different satellite orbits.
First results on low‐latitude E and F region irregularities obtained using the Gadanki Ionospheric Radar Interferometer
Authors: Patra A. K. , Srinivasulu P. , Chaitanya P. Pavan , Rao M. Durga , Jayaraman A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA 30 MHz radar has recently been established at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E; 6.5°N magnetic latitude) to make unattended observations of the ionospheric field‐aligned irregularities (FAI). This radar, called the Gadanki Ionospheric Radar Interferometer (GIRI), has been designed to have scanning capability of 100° in the east‐west plane perpendicular to Earth's magnetic field and interferometry/imaging system to study drifts and spatial distribution of plasma irregularities at both large and small scales. In this paper, we present the first results on the E and F region FAI made using the scanning capability of the GIRI. Daytime observations of E region FAI show type 2 echoes with velocities predominantly upward northward (downward‐southward) at altitudes >100 km (<100 km) and westward (eastward) in the forenoon (afternoon) with signature of tidal wind field. F region irregularities show bottom‐type, bottomside and plume structures with close resemblance to those observed over the magnetic equator. Observations made with the east‐west scanning capability have been used to study the origin, evolution, and drift of the FAI for the first time from Gadanki. Eastward drifts are estimated to be 90–210 m s−1 during 20–24 LT. Upward velocity as large as 500 m s−1 has been observed in the initial phase of the plume structures. Intriguingly, downward velocity as large as 60 m s−1 has also been observed in the plumes, displaying descending pattern, observed in the early evening hours. These results are presented and discussed in the light of current understanding of low‐latitude plasma irregularities, and future prospects of GIRI are outlined.
F‐lacuna at cusp latitude and its associated TEC variation
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Gao , Zhang Bei‐Chen , Fang Han‐Xian , Liu Jun‐Ming , Zhang Qing‐He , Hu Hong‐Qiao , Liu Rui‐Yuan , Li Chong‐Yin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAs a frequent phenomenon occurring during summer days in high‐latitude ionosphere, the F‐lacuna manifests itself as disappearance of F region ionogram traces. Based on the 7.5 min interval Digisonde ionograms recorded at Zhongshan station (69.4°S, 76.4°E geographic coordinates; 74.5°S, 96.0°E corrected geomagnetic coordinates), we present temporal characteristics of the F‐lacuna, as well as its correlation with geomagnetic activity, interplanetary magnetic field, and colocated TEC. Magnetic Local Time (MLT) distribution of the F‐lacuna occurrence exhibits a dawn‐dusk asymmetry. All types of F‐lacuna favor the dawn sector, mainly occurring at 08:00–11:00MLT for F1 and total lacuna, 6:00–8:00MLT for F2‐lacuna. The magnetic activity is found to have a strong positive correlation with the F2 and total lacuna. F2‐lacuna occurrence is favored by southward component of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and total lacuna by high values of either eastward or westward component. It is worth to mention that the F‐lacuna associates with the simultaneous total electron content (TEC) condition which has a positive correlation with F1‐lacuna occurrence, while a strong negative correlation with the F2 and total lacuna. The associated TEC variation may provide a significant evidence for interpreting the F‐lacuna phenomenon.
GRACE satellite observed hydrological controls on interannual and seasonal variability in surface greenness over mainland Australia
Authors: Yang Yuting , Long Di , Guan Huade , Scanlon Bridget R. , Simmons Craig T. , Jiang Lei , Xu Xiang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWater‐limited ecosystems, covering ~50% of the global land, are controlled primarily by hydrologic factors. Because climate change is predicted to markedly alter current hydroclimatic conditions later this century, a better hydrological indicator of ecosystem performance is warranted to improve understanding of hydrological controls on vegetation and to predict changes in the future. Here we show that the observed total water storage anomaly (TWSA) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) can serve as this indicator. Using the Australian mainland as a case study, where ecosystems are generally water limited, we found that GRACE‐observed TWSA can explain changes in surface greenness (as measured by the normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) both interannually and seasonally. In addition, we found that TWSA shows a significant decreasing trend during the millennium drought from 1997 through 2009 in the region. However, decline in annual mean NDVI during the same period was mainly driven by decline in annual minimum monthly NDVI, whereas annual maximum monthly NDVI remained relatively constant across biomes. This phenomenon reveals an intrinsic sensitivity of ecosystems to water availability that drought‐induced reductions in surface greenness are more likely expressed through its influence on vegetation during lower NDVI months, whereas ecosystem activities tend to recover to their maximum level during periods when the combined environmental conditions favor vegetation growth within a year despite the context of the prolonged drought.
Enzymatische Halogenierung von Tryptophan im Gramm‐Maßstab
Authors: Frese Marcel , Sewald Norbert 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHalogenierte Arene stellen wichtige Bausteine in Medizinalchemie und Agrochemie dar. Chemische elektrophile aromatische Halogenierungen verwenden elementare Halogene, während FAD‐abhängige Halogenasen lediglich Halogenidsalze und O2 bei Raumtemperatur in wässrigem Milieu für die regioselektive Halogenierung benötigen. Enzymatische Halogenierungen galten als ineffizient aufgrund der mangelnden Stabilität der Halogenasen, was die präparative Anwendung limitierte. Wir konnten zeigen, dass die Langzeitstabilität und damit die Effizienz der Tryptophan‐7‐Halogenase RebH signifikant durch die simultane Immobilisierung von RebH und allen Hilfsenzymen zur Cofaktorregenerierung erhöht werden kann. Durch die Verwendung von RebH‐combiCLEAs als multifunktioneller wiederverwendbarer Biokatalysator haben wir eine einfache Methode zur Halogenierung von Tryptophan und dessen Derivaten im Gramm‐Maßstab entwickelt, die vermutlich ebenso für andere FAD‐abhängige Halogenasen anwendbar ist.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed C(sp2)H Alkoxylation of Aromatic and Olefinic Carboxamides
Authors: Zhang Lin‐Bao , Hao Xin‐Qi , Zhang Shou‐Kun , Liu Zhan‐Jiang , Zheng Xin‐Xiang , Gong Jun‐Fang , Niu Jun‐Long , Song Mao‐Ping 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe cobalt‐catalyzed alkoxylation of C(sp2)H bonds in aromatic and olefinic carboxamides has been developed. The reaction proceeded under mild conditions in the presence of Co(OAc)2⋅4H2O as the catalyst and tolerates a wide range of both alcohols and benzamide substrates, including even olefinic carboxamides. In addition, this reaction is the first example of the direct alkoxylation of alkenes through CH bond activation.
The LQSP tetrapeptide is a new highly efficient substrate of microbial transglutaminase for the site‐specific derivatization of peptides and proteins
Authors: Caporale Andrea , Selis Fabio , Sandomenico Annamaria , Jotti Gloria S. , Tonon Giancarlo , Ruvo Menotti 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTransglutaminases catalyze transglutamination reactions on glutamines. Transglutaminases are largely exploited for modifying proteins in pharmaceutical, food, and other biotechnological applications. A library of synthetic peptides has been designed, prepared, and screened to identify new peptide substrates. The new substrates are then used in TGAse‐mediated conjugation reactions to engraft synthons onto biomolecules. These peptide substrates confer the bioactive peptides and proteins with new properties. We have identified an optimized substrate named LQSP, which is recognized and processed by microbial TGAse with a strikingly higher efficiency compared to the well‐known TQGA sequence. The new substrate has been used to selectively modify prototypical bioactive peptides and proteins with fluoresceine or recognition motifs. We show that, where a reactive lysine is available, proteins and peptides of relevant therapeutic interest, can be selectively and smoothly modified in order to incorporate new functions such as fluorescent labels, recognition units, or reactive groups.
Carbon Nanomaterial–Phosphomolybdate Composites for Oxidative Electrocatalysis
Authors: Fernandes Diana M. , Freire Cristina 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNovel hybrid nanocomposites based on the immobilisation of tetrabutylammonium salts of phosphomolybdates (PMo12, PMo11, PMo11V, and PMo10V2) on single‐walled carbon nanotubes or graphene flakes were prepared. Glassy carbon electrodes modified with carbon nanocomposites produce cyclic voltammograms that are consistent with surface‐confined redox processes attributed to Mo‐centred reduction (MoVI→MoV) and vanadium reduction (VV→VIV) for PMo11V and PMo10V2. Furthermore, they show very high stabilities and well‐resolved redox peaks with high current intensities. The observed enhancement of the electrochemical properties of polyoxometalates (POMs) is a consequence of strong electronic communication between POMs and carbon nanomaterials. Nanocomposites of vanadium–phosphomolybdates exhibit superior V‐based electrocatalytic properties towards ascorbic acid oxidation in comparison with free POMs; moreover, PMo11V@graphene shows an outstanding sensing performance for the detection of dopamine.
Carryover effects and climatic conditions influence the postfledging survival of greater sage‐grouse
Authors: Blomberg Erik J. , Sedinger James S. , Gibson Daniel , Coates Peter S. , Casazza Michael L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPrebreeding survival is an important life history component that affects both parental fitness and population persistence. In birds, prebreeding can be separated into pre‐ and postfledging periods; carryover effects from the prefledging period may influence postfledging survival. We investigated effects of body condition at fledging, and climatic variation, on postfledging survival of radio‐marked greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the Great Basin Desert of the western United States. We hypothesized that body condition would influence postfledging survival as a carryover effect from the prefledging period, and we predicted that climatic variation may mediate this carryover effect or, alternatively, would act directly on survival during the postfledging period. Individual body condition had a strong positive effect on postfledging survival of juvenile females, suggesting carryover effects from the prefledging period. Females in the upper 25th percentile of body condition scores had a postfledging survival probability more than twice that (Φ = 0.51 ± 0.06 SE) of females in the bottom 25th percentile (Φ = 0.21 ± 0.05 SE). A similar effect could not be detected for males. We also found evidence for temperature and precipitation effects on monthly survival rates of both sexes. After controlling for site‐level variation, postfledging survival was nearly twice as great following the coolest and wettest growing season (Φ = 0.77 ± 0.05 SE) compared with the hottest and driest growing season (Φ = 0.39 ± 0.05 SE). We found no relationships between individual body condition and temperature or precipitation, suggesting that carryover effects operated independently of background climatic variation. The temperature and precipitation effects we observed likely produced a direct effect on mortality risk during the postfledging period. Conservation actions that focus on improving prefledging habitat for sage‐grouse may have indirect benefits to survival during postfledging, due to carryover effects between the two life phases.
Light‐Mediated Deoxygenation of Alcohols with a Dimeric Gold Catalyst
Authors: McCallum Terry , Slavko Ekaterina , Morin Mathieu , Barriault Louis 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA new protocol for the reductive deoxygenation of primary alcohols was explored. This photomediated method combines a novel approach to bromination of alcohols merged with the powerful reducing capability of [Au2(dppm)2]Cl2 [dppm = 1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methane] as a photoredox catalyst. The highly efficient methods discussed are marked by the use of UVA light‐emitting diodes, which have significantly reduced reaction times and lowered setup cost.
The predictive value of single‐photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography for sentinel lymph node localization in head and neck cutaneous malignancy
Authors: Remenschneider Aaron K. , Dilger Amanda E. , Wang Yingbing , Palmer Edwin L. , Scott James A. , Emerick Kevin S. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisPreoperative localization of sentinel lymph nodes in head and neck cutaneous malignancies can be aided by single‐photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT); however, its true predictive value for identifying lymph nodes intraoperatively remains unquantified. This study aims to understand the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of SPECT/CT in sentinel lymph node biopsy for cutaneous malignancies of the head and neck.Study DesignBlinded retrospective imaging review with comparison to intraoperative gamma probe confirmed sentinel lymph nodes.MethodsA consecutive series of patients with a head and neck cutaneous malignancy underwent preoperative SPECT/CT followed by sentinel lymph node biopsy with a gamma probe. Two nuclear medicine physicians, blinded to clinical data, independently reviewed each SPECT/CT. Activity within radiographically defined nodal basins was recorded and compared to intraoperative gamma probe findings. Sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values were calculated with subgroup stratification by primary tumor site.ResultsNinety‐two imaging reads were performed on 47 patients with cutaneous malignancy who underwent SPECT/CT followed by sentinel lymph node biopsy. Overall sensitivity was 73%, specificity 92%, positive predictive value 54%, and negative predictive value 96%. The predictive ability of SPECT/CT to identify the basin or an adjacent basin containing the single hottest node was 92%. SPECT/CT overestimated uptake by an average of one nodal basin. In the head and neck, SPECT/CT has higher reliability for primary lesions of the eyelid, scalp, and cheek.ConclusionsSPECT/CT has high sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value, but may overestimate relevant nodal basins in sentinel lymph node biopsy.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:877–882, 2015
Transoral robotic surgery in benign diseases including obstructive sleep apnea: Safety and feasibility
Authors: Hoff Paul T. , D'Agostino Mark A. , Thaler Erica R. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the safety and feasibility of the da Vinci Surgical System in transoral robotic‐assisted surgery for benign indications.Study DesignA multicenter, single‐arm, retrospective case series.MethodsPerioperative outcomes were recorded for patients presenting with obstructive sleep apnea, airway obstruction, lingual tonsillar/tonsillar/tongue base hypertrophy, or dysphagia who underwent one or more transoral procedures, including lingual tonsillectomy and tongue base resection (partial glossectomy) at one of three US institutions.ResultsBetween January 2010 and October 2013, 285 patients (age 51.5 years, body mass index 30.5 kg/m2) underwent 293 procedures. No conversions or blood transfusions were needed. The average operative time was 86.7 minutes, and the average volume of tissue resected (lingual tonsil and tongue base) was 8.3 mL. Hospital stays averaged 1.8 days, and the postoperative complication rate was 20.7%. There were no complications specifically related to the use the da Vinci Surgical System, and none of the complications were life threatening.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that it is safe and feasible to use the da Vinci Surgical System to perform lingual tonsillectomy and base of tongue resection (partial glossectomy) procedures for benign indications.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:1249–1253, 2015
Patient satisfaction in Caucasian and Mediterranean open rhinoplasty using the tongue‐in‐groove technique: Prospective statistical analysis of change in subjective body image in relation to nasal appearance following aesthetic rhinoplasty
Authors: Lohuis Peter J. F. M. , Datema Frank R. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTongue‐in‐groove (TIG) is a conservative but powerful surgical suture technique to control shape, rotation, and projection of the nasal tip. In this study, statistical analyses were performed to determine the aesthetical and functional effectiveness of TIG rhinoplasty.Study DesignProspective cohort study including 110 Caucasian or Mediterranean aesthetic rhinoplasty patients treated by one surgeon between 2007 and 2012, with a 1‐year follow‐up.MethodsData were collected using the Utrecht Questionnaire, a validated instrument routinely offered to our patients before and 1 year after surgery. Aesthetic results were reflected by change in subjective body image in relation to nasal appearance, scored on five aesthetic questions and a 10‐cm visual analog scale (VAS). Functional results were determined by change in subjective nasal airway patency, scored on a 10‐cm VAS for both sides.ResultsThe mean aesthetic sum score (5, low burden–25, high burden) significantly improved from 14.01 to 6.54 (P <.01). The mean aesthetic VAS score (0, very ugly–10, very nice) significantly improved from 3.35 to 7.78 (P < .01). The mean functional VAS score (0, very bad–10, very good) showed a small but significant improvement on both sides (left, 6.83–7.96; right, 6.88–7.80; P <.01).ConclusionStatistical analysis of quantified subjective data on nasal aesthetics and function show that TIG is a reliable technique that can help to deliver consistently good results in Caucasian and Mediterranean patients seeking aesthetic rhinoplasty. A small additional functional improvement can be expected.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:831–836, 2015