bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of the Roles of the Src Kinases in Pancreatic Acinar Cell Signaling
Authors: Nuche‐Berenguer Bernardo , Moreno Paola , Jensen R. T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRecent studies report the Src‐family kinases (SFK's) are important in a number of physiological and pathophysiological responses of pancreatic acinar cells (pancreatitis, growth, apoptosis); however, the role of SFKs in various signaling cascades important in mediating these cell functions is either not investigated or unclear. To address this we investigated the action of SFKs in these signaling cascades in rat pancreatic acini by modulating SFK activity using three methods: adenovirus‐induced expression of an inactive dominant‐negative CSK (Dn‐CSK‐Advirus) or wild‐type CSK (Wt‐CSK‐Advirus), which activate or inhibit SFK, respectively, or using the chemical inhibitor, PP2, with its inactive control, PP3. CCK (0.3, 100 nM) and TPA (1 μM) activated SFK and altered the activation of FAK proteins (PYK2, p125FAK), adaptor proteins (p130CAS, paxillin), MAPK (p42/44, JNK, p38), Shc, PKC (PKD, MARCKS), Akt but not GSK3‐β. Changes in SFK activity by using the three methods of altering SFK activity affected CCK/TPAs activation of SFK, PYK2, p125FAK, p130CAS, Shc, paxillin, Akt but not p42/44, JNK, p38, PKC (PKD, MARCKS) or GSK3‐β. With chemical inhibition the active SFK inhibitor, PP2, but not the inactive control analogue, PP3, showed these effects. For all stimulated changes pre‐incubation with both adenoviruses showed similar effects to chemical inhibition of SFK activity. In conclusion, using three different approaches to altering Src activity allowed us to define fully for the first time the roles of SFKs in acinar cell signaling. Our results show that in pancreatic acinar cells, SFKs play a much wider role than previously reported in activating a number of important cellular signaling cascades shown to be important in mediating both acinar cell physiological and pathophysiological responses. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 22–36, 2015. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Haplotype variations in glutathione transferase zeta 1 influence the kinetics and dynamics of chronic dichloroacetate in children
Authors: Shroads A. L. , Coats B. S. , McDonough C. W. , Langaee T. , Stacpoole P. W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDichloroacetate (DCA) is biotransformed by glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1), a bifunctional enzyme that, as maleylacetoacetate isomerase (MAAI), catalyzes the penultimate step in tyrosine catabolism. DCA inhibits GSTZ1/MAAI, leading to delayed plasma drug clearance and to accumulation of potentially toxic tyrosine intermediates. Haplotype variability in GSTZ1 influences short‐term DCA kinetics in healthy adults, but the impact of genotype in children treated chronically with DCA is unknown. Drug kinetics was studied in 17 children and adolescents with congenital mitochondrial diseases administered 1,2‐13C‐DCA. Plasma drug half‐life and trough levels varied 3–6‐fold, depending on GSTZ1/MAAI haplotype and correlated directly with urinary maleylacetone, a substrate for MAAI. However, chronic DCA exposure did not lead to progressive accumulation of plasma drug concentration; instead, kinetics parameters plateaued, consistent with the hypothesis that equipoise is established between the inhibitory effect of DCA on GSTZ1/MAAI and new enzyme synthesis. GSTZ1/MAAI haplotype variability affects DCA kinetics and biotransformation. However, these differences appear to be stable in most individuals and are not associated with DCA plasma accumulation or drug‐associated toxicity in young children.
Parametric investigation of oxidative coupling of methane in a heat‐exchange integrated microchannel reactor
Authors: Tezcan Idil , Avci Ahmet K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to C2 hydrocarbons is strongly exothermic and requires careful management of the dissipated heat. Running OCM in microchannel reactors offers fast heat transfer rates that enable controlled distribution of reaction temperature and product composition. This study involves modeling and simulation of OCM in a heat exchange integrated microchannel reactor involving parallel reaction and cooling channels separated by solid walls.RESULTSUsing separating wall with high thermal conductivity and thickness above 5 × 10‐4 m regulates temperature distribution along the reaction channel and improves C2 yield. Increasing the methane‐to‐oxygen ratio decreases the reaction temperature and conversion immediately. Coolant inlet temperature affects the trade‐off between methane conversion and selective production of ethane and ethylene. Exothermic heat release and C2 hydrocarbon loss by oxidation are pronounced at higher reactant mass flow rates, whereas C2 yield is improved at higher coolant mass flow rates that dampen the reaction temperature.CONCLUSIONEffective heat transfer and improved temperature control can be obtained in the microchannel geometry. The results provide insight into the potential use of microreactors, novel units known to have robust heat transfer properties, in controlling the temperature of the OCM process, which is one of the key design targets affecting product selectivity. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Relationships between gonadal and gonadotrophic differentiation during early gonadal sex differentiation in several strains from the Southern population of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Horie Yoshifumi , Kobayashi Tohru 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, correlations between gonadal differentiation and gonadotrophic differentiation during early gonadal sex differentiation were examined in several strains from the Southern population of Japanese medaka, namely, Hd‐rR, d‐rR/Tokyo, d‐rR/Shizuoka, and NIESR. Gonadal sex differentiation showed a similar pattern in all strains, that is, a sex‐based difference in germ cell number was observed at hatching (XX > XY). In addition, a transition of XX germ cells into meiosis was observed at hatching in all strains. However, the ratio of meiotic transition of XX germ cells differed among strains, indicating that Hd‐rR has fewer meiotic cells than other strains. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that glycoprotein α subunit (Gpa) and follicle‐stimulating hormone β subunit (Fshb), but not luteinizing hormone β subunit (Lhb), localize to the pituitary at hatching in all strains examined. Although no sex differences were observed in the numbers of Gpa‐ and Fshb‐positive cells in the pituitary at hatching in Hd‐rR, d‐rR/Tokyo, and NIESR strains, the d‐rR/Shizuoka strain showed sex differences in the number of Fshb‐positive cells at hatching (XX > XY); d‐rR/Shizuoka is derived from d‐rR/Tokyo. Even though d‐rR/Shizuoka differs from its ancestral strain, d‐rR/Tokyo, and Hd‐rR in Fshb expression pattern, this suggests that d‐rR/Shizuoka shows potential for use as a model to study the molecular regulatory mechanisms of fshb subunit gene expression and Fsh cell differentiation in the pituitary. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 472–477, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prey capture kinematics in batoids using different prey types: Investigating the role of the cephalic lobes
Authors: Mulvany Samantha , Motta Philip J. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTCephalic lobes are novel structures found in some myliobatid stingrays. While undulatory batoids utilize the pectoral fins for prey capture and locomotion, lobed species partition locomotion to the pectoral fins, utilizing the lobes exclusively for prey capture. We investigated the use of the anterior pectoral fins and cephalic lobes in prey capture in five batoid species. The purpose of this study was to investigate the: (1) prey capture kinematics and use of the cephalic lobes in lobed and lobeless batoids; (2) role of the cephalic lobes in modulating capture behavior based on prey type. It was hypothesized that lobed species would display unique capture behaviors resulting in faster and more successful capture of prey, and display greater modulation in capture behavior. Findings showed that lobed species used only the head region for capture, were faster at pouncing and tenting, but slower at mouth opening. The cephalic lobes were more movable than the anterior pectoral fins of lobeless species. Modulation occurred in all species. Elusive prey increased tent duration for the lobeless species, increased mouth opening duration in the lobed Aetobatus narinari, and were farther away from the mouth than non‐elusive prey during biting for all species. All species had few prey escapes. Overall, species with cephalic lobes captured prey faster but did not display increased modulatory ability or feeding success. The cephalic lobes help localize prey capture to the head region, speeding up the prey capture event and maintaining an efficient capture rate despite having less flexible pectoral fins. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 515–530, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of predictor parameters to determine agro‐industrial compost suppressiveness againstFusarium oxysporumandPhytophthora capsicidiseases in muskmelon and pepper seedlings
Authors: Blaya Josefa , Lloret Eva , Ros Margarita , Pascual Jose Antonio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe lack of reliable prediction tools for evaluation of the level and specificity of compost suppressiveness limits its application. In our study, different chemical, biological and microbiological parameters were used to evaluate their potential use as a predictor parameter for the suppressive effect of composts againstFusarium oxysporumf. sp.melonis(FOM) andPhytophthora capsici(P. capsici) in muskmelon and pepper seedlings respectively. Composts were obtained from artichoke sludge, chopped vineyard pruning waste and various agro‐industrial wastes (C1: blanched artichokes;C2: garlic waste;C3: dry olive cake).RESULTSCompostC3proved to offer the highest level of resistance againstFOM, and compostC2the highest level of resistance againstP. capsici. Analysis of phospholipid fatty acids isolated from compost revealed that the three composts showed different microbial community structures. Protease,NAGaseand chitinase activities were significantly higher in compostC3, as was dehydrogenase activity in compostC2.CONCLUSIONThe use of specific parameters such as general (dehydrogenase activity) and specific enzymatic activities (protease,NAGaseand chitinase activities) may be useful to predict compost suppressiveness against both pathogens. The selection of raw materials for agro‐industrial composts is important in controllingFusariumwilt andPhytophthoraroot rot. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Crop load and harvest maturity effects on consumer preferences for apricots
Authors: Stanley Jill , Feng Jinquan , Olsson Shane 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDImproving apricot fruit quality delivered to consumers is key to ensuring a successful apricot industry. Previous studies have focused on effects of either soluble solids content (SSC) or fruit firmness on consumer preferences, and results have been equivocal. This study evaluated the effects of crop load and harvest maturity how they affected on fruit SSC and firmness, and on subsequent consumer preferences.RESULTSSSC of apricots was an important factor only when fruit were firmer than 15 N and not immature. When fruit were softer than 15 N, SSC had little influence on consumer liking. In general, consumers preferred fruit that were grown on trees thinned to approximately 10–20% less than typical commercial crop loads and were harvested in a more mature condition. Consumers also preferred fruit that had a higher sugar/acid ratio or BrimA value, which is the °Brix − k × titratable acidity, where k is a constant that varies between species and cultivars depending on the specific acids and sugars present. High apricot flavour and juiciness were associated with greater sweetness.CONCLUSIONManagement practices that increase fruit SSC and sugar/acid ratio, such as reducing crop load, will improve consumer satisfaction as long as fruit are harvested at an adequate maturity stage and are maintained in storage so that they do not soften too quickly. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Exploring Visitor Experiences, Activities and Benefits at Three Religious Tourism Sites
Authors: Bond Nigel , Packer Jan , Ballantyne Roy 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis research examines and compares the experiences of visitors (N = 534) to three different Christian religious heritage sites: Canterbury Cathedral, the Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham and the Glastonbury Abbey Christian pilgrimage festival. Employing the activity, setting, experience and benefit framework, the findings indicate that the three religious sites attract visitors who seek different kinds of experiences and report different kinds of benefits. Results indicate that restorative experiences and benefits often overshadow the spiritual or cognitive benefits that many believe to be the primary outcomes of religious tourism. These results challenge traditional ideas about what it means to be a visitor at historical religious sites. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cheek fistula from the ectopic salivary gland: A variant of the oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum
Authors: Sun Zhi‐Peng , Hong Xia , Ma Xu‐Chen , Zhang Zu‐Yan , Yu Guang‐Yan 
Published: July 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThis study aimed to investigate the diagnosis and management of a distinct developmental deformity syndrome characterized by congenital cheek fistula, ectopic accessory parotid gland, and preauricular appendage.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsWe analyzed the medical records, radiologic and histopathologic findings, and follow‐up data for seven patients (four males) with a congenital cheek salivary fistula. Computed tomography, fistulography, and sialography had been performed for diagnosis. Surgical treatment effect was evaluated.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 8.1 years (range, 2–16 years). The distinctive clinical feature was a congenital skin orifice lateral to the commissure with saliva discharge during eating. The cheek fistulae were accompanied by ipsilateral preauricular appendages in all seven patients. The skin orifice connected to an ectopic gland anterior to the masseter and inferior to Stensen's duct. Parotid sialography demonstrated an intact Stensen's duct in all cases. Hypoplasia of the ipsilateral mandible could be observed in five cases. Excision of the ectopic gland, skin orifice, and fistula was performed in five cases resulting in optimal treatment outcomes with no recurrent or adverse events.ConclusionsA congenital saliva‐discharging fistula with an ectopic accessory parotid gland, ipsilateral preauricular appendage, and mandibular hypoplasia constitutes a rare developmental syndrome. Surgical excision can effectively treat congenital cheek salivary fistula.Level of Evidence4.Laryngoscope, 125:360–364, 2015
Bulk dispersion of single‐walled carbon nanotubes in silicones using diblock copolymers
Authors: Chadwick Ryan C. , Fong Darryl , Rice Nicole A. , Brook Michael A. , Adronov Alex 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe interactions of a series of poly(3‐decylthiophene)‐block‐polydimethylsiloxanes (P3DT‐b‐PDMS) with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are investigated. The formation of supramolecular complexes of P3DT‐b‐PDMS with SWNTs is studied in THF, toluene, xylenes, and CHCl3, and the resulting complexes are characterized by UV‐Vis‐NIR absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The P3DT‐b‐PDMS‐SWNT and P3DT‐SWNT complexes are further incorporated into a commercially available silicone rubber formulation. Percolation thresholds of <0.02% (P3DT‐b‐PDMS‐SWNT) and <0.05% (P3DT‐SWNT) are measured. A decrease in the percolation threshold when using the block copolymer for nanotube dispersion is observed, suggesting that the presence of a covalently‐linked PDMS block improves SWNT distribution in the silicone elastomer and allows a percolation network to form at low SWNT loadings. In addition, it is found that entanglement of the silicone block of P3DT‐PDMS with bulk silicones results in anchoring of the nanotubes within the composite, and leads to reversible conductivity changes upon repeated stretching and relaxation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 265–273
Functional aqueous assemblies of linear‐dendron hybrids
Authors: Whitton Greg , Gillies Elizabeth R. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTLinear‐dendron (LD) hybrids are macromolecules comprising a linear polymer or oligomer conjugated at one or both termini with branched macromolecules called dendrons. Since their introduction approximately 2 decades ago, tremendous progress has been made in their synthesis, the study of their self‐assembly, and toward their application in a variety of fields. This highlight is focused on aqueous assemblies of LD hybrids where function is imparted by the dendron, linear component, or both. These functions include the encapsulation and release of drug molecules, enhancement of cell uptake and targeting of specific tissues, and the stabilization of enzymes for catalysis. In addition, many stimuli‐responsive LD hybrids that undergo changes in response to light, enzymes, pH, temperature, redox potential, or even multiple stimuli have been developed. LD hybrids can also be used to form networks via cross‐linking reactions. Described here are the structure–property relationships underlying the functions of these materials, along with their potential applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 148–172
On‐going developments in addressing combustible dust hazards
Authors: Frank Walt , Colonna Guy R. 
Published: July 2014

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) continues to play an important role in creating guidance for identifying and controlling hazards associated with combustible dusts. Five separate standards address hazards associated with wood‐related materials, metals, agricultural products and foodstuffs, sulfur, and all other combustible dusts (e.g., paper, plastics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals). This article will address a number of developments in NFPA's initiatives addressing combustible dust hazards. Topics to be addressed include:

The status of, and recent revisions to, NFPA's combustible dust standards;
NFPA's plans for a new combustible dust standard, which will address the common issues associated with controlling combustible dust hazards, leaving the commodity‐specific standards to address the issues unique to their scope;
A new technical correlating committee, which will help ensure greater consistency between the approaches addressed in the various combustible dust standards;
The increasing inclusion of process safety management (PSM) principles in the combustible dust standards; and
The increasing allowance provided to users of NFPA standards for the use of risk‐based decision‐making in the selection of combustible dust hazard control options.
Options exist for AIChE to provide technical support to a number of the above areas. The article will also preview a new Center for Chemical Process Safety project for providing tools for addressing combustible dust hazards. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 34: 24–30, 2015
Applicability of currently available flare radiation models for hydrogen and syngas
Authors: Miller Derek , Jung Seungho , Lutostansky Elizabeth 
Published: July 2014

The primary purpose of a flare model is to provide a reasonably accurate prediction of radiant heat flux at any point of interest around the flame in order to be able to define safe release locations. In order to do this, a flare model needs to provide a good prediction of the following critical flame parameters: flame length, flame tilt, and radiant heat fraction, including the impact of wind and release orientation on these parameters. In addition, the model needs to distribute the radiant heat along the flame in a reasonably realistic way and to allow for the transmissivity of the ambient air.Industry standard models for vertical flares include Chamberlain [Chamberlain, Chem Eng Res Des 65 (1987)], API 521 [API STANDARD 521, Pressure‐Relieving and Depressuring Systems, 6th Edition, American Petroleum Institute, Washington DC, 2014], and Brzustowski & Sommer [API STANDARD 521, Pressure‐Relieving and Depressuring Systems, 6th Edition, American Petroleum Institute, Washington DC, 2014]. These models were originally developed primarily based on hydrocarbon data. Several commercially available consequence models allow the use of these models for all flammable materials. Due to the lack of other options, these commercially available consequence software models are often applied to hydrogen, syngas (hydrogen/carbon monoxide mixtures), and other materials that are well outside the intended scope of the models. A review has been performed to evaluate applicability of the Chamberlain, API 521, and Brzustowski & Sommer models to hydrogen and syngas, including comparison with limited published data. As a result of this review, a number of significant concerns have been identified. This has led to initiation of a new test program to collect data specifically for hydrogen and syngas and the subsequent development of new models. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 34: 141–146, 2015
Special issue on linear parameter varying systems
Authors: Edwards Christopher , Marcos Andres , Balas Gary 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThis special issue contains six papers on the topic of linear parameter varying systems. The papers consider quite different theoretical problems, although four are related to either fault‐detection and fault‐isolation or fault‐tolerant control. These theoretical ideas are demonstrated on applications taken from the areas of aerospace, automotive and renewable energy engineering. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic satellite system QoS architecture integrated with IP Multimedia Subsystem core network
Authors: Baudoin Cédric , Gineste Mathieu , Emmanuel Chaput , Gelard Patrick , Bernard Julien 
Published: July 2014

SummaryConvergence is one of the most important challenges for Next Generation Networks (NGN). This includes service convergence as well as fixed‐mobile convergence. The integration of satellite telecommunication system into NGN is a key to increasing the coverage of future networks and opening satellite access networks to a wider range of terrestrial solutions. Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) Return Channel via Satellite system (DVB‐RCS) and its evolution (DVB‐RCS2) are widely used European standards that are specified for broadband satellite systems using dynamic capacity assignment and multifrequency TDMA. This paper introduces a new QoS architecture derived from terrestrial IP Multimedia Subsystem solutions to provide advanced end‐to‐end QoS support, and defines cross‐layer optimization paths suited to the satellite context and in particular using DVB standards. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.