bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical assessment of non carious cervical lesion using swept‐source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Wada Ikumi , Shimada Yasushi , Ikeda Masaomi , Sadr Alireza , Nakashima Syozi , Tagami Junji , Sumi Yasunori 
Published: December 2014

Non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) involve various forms of tooth loss with different etiologies. This study aimed to utilize swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) at 1300 nm wavelength range in vitro and in vivo to evaluate and clarify the mechanism of NCCLs. In the in vitro phase, a dentin attenuation coefficient (μt) derived from the SS‐OCT signal at NCCL was compared with mineral loss obtained from transverse microradiography (TMR) to determine a μt threshold to discriminate demineralization of cervical dentin in vivo. In the clinical study, 242 buccal surfaces were investigated in 35 subjects. Presence and dimensions of NCCLs, cervical cracking and the degree of demineralization at the exposed cervical dentin were determined using SS‐OCT. Dentin demineralization was observed in 69% of NCCLs. SS‐OCT results confirm that dentin mineral loss and occlusal attrition were associated with larger NCCLs, and can be considered as an etiological factor in formation and progress of these lesions.
(A) We determined the attenuation coeffcient (μt) threshold of SS‐OCT signal for the detection of demineralization (1.21) from in vitro study. DEM: demineralized dentin, sound: sound dentin. (B) Using the μt threshold, we observed NCCLs in vivo to detect the demineralization in cervical dentin. SS‐OCT scanning was performed along the red line. (C) SS‐OCT image obtained along the red line in B. In SS‐OCT, brightness of dentin beneath the NCCL was increased (arrow) compared with intact zone. The cervical dentin was slightly demineralized (μt: 1.25). e: enamel, d: dentin, g: gingiva.magnified image(A) We determined the attenuation coeffcient (μt) threshold of SS‐OCT signal for the detection of demineralization (1.21) from in vitro study. DEM: demineralized dentin, sound: sound dentin. (B) Using the μt threshold, we observed NCCLs in vivo to detect the demineralization in cervical dentin. SS‐OCT scanning was performed along the red line. (C) SS‐OCT image obtained along the red line in B. In SS‐OCT, brightness of dentin beneath the NCCL was increased (arrow) compared with intact zone. The cervical dentin was slightly demineralized (μt: 1.25). e: enamel, d: dentin, g: gingiva.
Injectable, high‐density collagen gels for annulus fibrosus repair: Anin vitrorat tail model
Authors: Borde Brandon , Grunert Peter , Härtl Roger , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA herniated intervertebral disc often causes back pain when disc tissue is displaced through a damaged annulus fibrosus. Currently, the only methods available for annulus fibrosus repair involve mechanical closure of defect, which does little to address biological healing in the damaged tissue. Collagen hydrogels are injectable and have been used to repair annulus defectsin vivo. In this study, high‐density collagen hydrogels at 5, 10, and 15 mg/mL were used to repair defects made to intact rat caudal intervertebral discsin vitro. A group of gels at 15 mg/mL were also cross‐linked with riboflavin at 0.03 mM, 0.07 mM, or 0.10 mM. These cross‐linked, high‐density collagen gels maintained their presence in the defect under loading and contributed positively to the mechanical response of damaged discs. Discs exhibited increases to 95% of undamaged effective equilibrium and instantaneous moduli as well as up to fourfold decreases in effective hydraulic permeability from the damaged discs. These data suggest that high‐density collagen gels may be effective at restoring mechanical function of injured discs as well as potential vehicles for the delivery of biological agents such as cells or growth factors that may aid in the repair of the annulus fibrosus. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2571–2581, 2015.
Biocompatibility of ferroelectric lithium niobate and the influence of polarization charge on osteoblast proliferation and function
Authors: Carville N. Craig , Collins Liam , Manzo Michele , Gallo Katia , Lukasz Bart I. , McKayed Katey K. , Simpson Jeremy C. , Rodriguez Brian J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this work, the influence of substrate surface charge onin vitroosteoblast cell proliferation on ferroelectric lithium niobate (LN) crystal surfaces is investigated. LN has a spontaneous polarization along thez‐axis and is thus characterized by positive and negative bound polarization charge at the +zand –zsurfaces. Biocompatibility of LN was demonstrated via culturing and fluorescence imaging of MC3T3 osteoblast cells for up to 11 days. The cells showed enhanced proliferation rates and improved osteoblast function through mineral formation on the positively and negatively charged LN surfaces compared to electrostatically neutralx‐cut LN and a glass cover slip control. These results highlight the potential of LN as a template for investigating the role of charge on cellular processes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2540–2548, 2015.
Nanocomposite bone scaffolds based on biodegradable polymers and hydroxyapatite
Authors: Becker Johannes , Lu Lichun , Runge M. Brett , Zeng Heng , Yaszemski Michael J. , Dadsetan Mahrokh 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn tissue engineering, development of an osteoconductive construct that integrates with host tissue remains a challenge. In this work, the effect of bone‐like minerals on maturation of pre‐osteoblast cells was investigated using polymer‐mineral scaffolds composed of poly(propylene fumarate)‐co‐poly(caprolactone) (PPF‐co‐PCL) and nano‐sized hydroxyapatite (HA). The HA of varying concentrations was added to an injectable formulation of PPF‐co‐PCL and the change in thermal and mechanical properties of the scaffolds was evaluated. No change in onset of degradation temperature was observed due to the addition of HA, however compressive and tensile moduli of copolymer changed significantly when HA amounts were increased in composite formulation. The change in mechanical properties of copolymer was found to correlate well to HA concentration in the constructs. Electron microscopy revealed mineral nucleation and a change in surface morphology and the presence of calcium and phosphate on surfaces was confirmed using energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. To characterize the effect of mineral on attachment and maturation of pre‐osteoblasts, W20‐17 cells were seeded on HA/copolymer composites. We demonstrated that cells attached more to the surface of HA containing copolymers and their proliferation rate was significantly increased. Thus, these findings suggest that HA/PPF‐co‐PCL composite scaffolds are capable of inducing maturation of pre‐osteoblasts and have the potential for use as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2549–2557, 2015.
Randomized, blinded, placebo‐ and positive‐controlled crossover study to determine the effect of multiple doses of apixaban on the QTc interval
Authors: Frost Charles , Nepal Sunil , Byon Wonkyung , Moore Kenneth , Reeves Richard A. , Boyd Rebecca , LaCreta Frank 
Published: December 2014

AbstractApixaban is an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor indicated for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease. This randomized, blinded, 4‐way crossover study investigated the potential effect of apixaban on the QTc interval. Forty healthy subjects (39 completers) each received 3 days of the following treatments: blinded apixaban 10 mg once daily (QD), 50 mg QD (supratherapeutic), matched apixaban placebo QD, and a single dose of open‐label moxifloxacin 400 mg on Day 3, preceded by 2 days of placebo QD. Triplicate electrocardiograms obtained over 24 hours on Days −1 (baseline) and 3 were read by a blinded third party. The mean placebo‐adjusted, time‐matched, Fridericia‐corrected change from baseline QTc (ΔΔQTcF) for apixaban and moxifloxacin was estimated at each time point. The maximum ΔΔQTcF was 1.51 milliseconds (one‐sided upper 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.71 milliseconds) after apixaban 50 mg QD, 1.36 milliseconds (one‐sided upper 95%CI 3.54 milliseconds) after apixaban 10 mg QD, and 10.21 milliseconds (lower 95%CI 8.07 milliseconds) after moxifloxacin. Concentration‐response analysis suggested no evidence of a positive relationship between apixaban concentration and ΔQTcF. Apixaban doses up to 50 mg QD for 3 days were well tolerated and did not prolong the QTc interval in healthy subjects.
Biomechanical analyses of the human flexor tendon adhesion models in the hand: A cadaveric study
Authors: Kim Jihyeung , Rhee Seung Hwan , Gong Hyun Sik , Oh Sohee , Baek Goo Hyun 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPatients with longstanding trigger finger may develop flexion contracture at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint that persists even after division of the A1 pulley. The purpose of this study was to explore the hypothesis that flexion deformity of the PIP joint in advanced trigger finger is caused by severe adhesion between the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons. Ten freshly frozen cadaveric hands were used in the experiments. After preparation of the extrinsic flexor, extrinsic extensor, and intrinsic muscle tendons, we applied weights to the flexor tendons and minimal tension to the extrinsic extensor and intrinsic muscle tendons. We then measured the initial flexion angles of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and PIP joints. Next, we measured the flexion angles of the MCP and PIP joints as increasing tension was applied to the extrinsic extensor and intrinsic muscle tendons, respectively. We repeated these experiments after constructing flexor tendon adhesion model. The initial flexion angles of the MCP and PIP joints were greater in the adhesion model, as were the average tensions required for full extension of these joints. Our results suggest that adhesion between two flexor tendons contributes to progression of flexion deformity in the PIP joint. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:717–725, 2015.
The accuracy of three predictive models in the evaluation of recurrence rates for gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Racz Jennifer M. , Brar Savtaj S. , Cleghorn Michelle C. , Jimenez M. Carolina , Azin Arash , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Jackson Timothy D. , Okrainec Allan , Quereshy Fayez A. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundTreatment decisions for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are frequently guided by tumor characteristics. An accurate prediction of recurrence is important to determine the benefit from targeted therapy. Our goal was to compare the concordance of three validated risk stratification schemes with observed outcomes in patients undergoing resection for GISTs.MethodsPatients who underwent surgery for GISTs from 2001 to 2011 at a tertiary centre were identified. Survival was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier product‐limit method. Cox proportional hazard models were used to obtain predicted recurrence for each system and concordance indices were calculated.ResultsOf 110 patients identified, 77 (70.0%) had surgery and 29 (26.4%) also received adjuvant therapy. The majority of patients had tumors that were very low (4.5%), low (32.7%), or intermediate (22.7%) in terms of malignant potential. R0 resection was achieved in 89.1% of cases. Observed 2‐year and 5‐year recurrence rates were significantly lower than those predicted by the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center nomogram (7.6% vs. 19.3% and 18.4% vs. 27.0%); however, it was the most favorable tool compared to the US National Institutes of Health (NIH)‐consensus (P = 0.0017) and modified NIH‐consensus (P < 0.001), with a concordance index of 0.811.ConclusionDevelopment of a novel predictive tool that includes additional prognostic factors may better stratify recurrence following resection for GIST. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:371–376. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Introduced freshwater blenny influences the diet and body condition of the invasive dice snake in Lake Geneva
Authors: Dubey Sylvain , Christe Philippe , Formenti Vanessa , Staub Emilie , Schuerch Johan , Glaizot Olivier , Ursenbacher Sylvain 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTNon‐indigenous species can have strong impacts on biodiversity by affecting trophic relationships in their new environments. The piscivorous dice snake (Natrix tessellata) has been introduced to Geneva Lake, western Switzerland, where the endangered viperine snake (Natrix maura) is native. Local, dramatic declines in the viperine snake population might be associated with the appearance of the dice snake through dietary overlap between these 2 species, which mainly feed on bullhead (Cottus gobio). In response to this decline, a control program for dice snake was implemented in 2007 to reduce numbers of this introduced snake. In 2010, a new species of fish, the freshwater blenny (Salaria fluviatilis), which shares the same habitat as the bullhead, was introduced into Lake Geneva and has since reached high densities. We determined the impact of freshwater blenny on diet composition and body condition of dice snakes. In addition, we tested for effects of the control program on the body condition of dice snakes and viperine snakes. We collected 294 dice snakes between 2007 and 2013. Based on morphology and a genetic marker (cytochrome b gene), we determined the fish species contained in these snakes’ stomachs. We found a drastic switch in dice snake diet following the arrival of freshwater blenny, as consumption of bullhead declined by 68% and was replaced by the blenny. In addition, the body condition of dice snakes increased significantly after the arrival of freshwater blenny. The body condition of both snake species was positively correlated with the number of dice snakes removed from the study area. This finding has important implications concerning the conservation of the endangered viperine snake, and suggests that the control program of dice snakes should be continued. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
An Alternative Explanation of Consumer Product Returns from the Postpurchase Dissonance and Ecological Marketing Perspectives
Authors: Lee Dong Hwan 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTResearch on consumer product returns has identified product failure, dissatisfaction, and fraudulent intent as primary causes. In recent years, however, consumers return products even before experiencing dissatisfaction and when products are not defective. Moreover, most consumers who return products are ordinary scrupulous people. Ironically, product returns are on the rise while overall product quality has improved. This suggests that there are other reasons for product returns yet to be uncovered. This study critically examines such types of recently observed product‐return behaviors from the postpurchase dissonance (PPD) and ecological marketing perspectives. A proposition emerged through the critical review that in the current competitive and consumer‐centered market environment, consumers increasingly choose product return over other options identified in the literature as a viable strategy to cope with their PPD. Two empirical studies and a recent major industry study on consumer product returns provided strong support for the proposition. Managerial and future research implications of the findings are discussed.
Creative Strategies in Social Media Marketing: An Exploratory Study of Branded Social Content and Consumer Engagement
Authors: Ashley Christy , Tuten Tracy 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis study employed a content analysis of the creative strategies present in the social media content shared by a sample of top brands. The results reveal which social media channels are being used, which creative strategies/appeals are being used, and how these channels and strategies relate to consumer engagement in branded social media. Past research has suggested that brands should focus on maintaining a social presence across social channels with content that is fresh and frequent and includes incentives for consumer participation (Ling et al., 2004). This study confirmed the importance of frequent updates and incentives for participation. In addition, several creative strategies were associated with customer engagement, specifically experiential, image, and exclusivity messages. Despite the value of these creative approaches, most branded social content can be categorized as functional.
Validation of a Fashion Brand Image Scale Capturing Cognitive, Sensory, and Affective Associations: Testing Its Role in an Extended Brand Equity Model
Authors: Cho Eunjoo , Fiore Ann Marie , Russell Daniel W. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis research validated a new 16‐item brand image scale that captures cognitive, sensory, and affective dimensions (i.e., mystery, sensuality, intimacy) of tangible and intangible attributes of fashion brands. Three studies were conducted to develop a holistic, yet parsimonious, fashion brand image measure. The initial subthemes of brand image and representative items were based on a review of scholarly literature and industry‐based information and on interview findings. Reliability and validity of the new scale were confirmed using data from 218 college students and a national sample of 2,373 respondents. Convergent and discriminant validity were supported through confirmatory factor analysis. Nomological validity was supported through testing a structural model containing the three brand image dimensions, Roberts’ () lovemarks experience, and brand equity variables. The new brand image scale is different from existing scales because it incorporates Roberts’ industry‐based perspective, including more comprehensive sensory and affective dimensions than found in past brand image scales. This study provides support for Roberts' lovemarks model and the contributors to brand equity, which has implications for theory and for marketing firms that endeavor to build an effective fashion brand image.
Understanding the Role of Consumer Heterogeneity in the Formation of Satisfaction Uncertainty
Authors: Qian Cheng , Chandrashekaran Murali , Yu Kangkang 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPrior empirical research has focused on the antecedents and consequences of attitude uncertainty. Drawing on regulatory focus theory and need for closure theory, this research examines the role of individual difference variables in shaping satisfaction uncertainty. This empirical work seeks to explore the interplay of individual difference variables, cognition and affect, in shaping satisfaction uncertainty. The proposed model maintains that need for closure and regulatory focus shape satisfaction uncertainty through their influence on cognitive and affective processes. The model was tested on 192 participants in an experiment using a restaurant scenario. Satisfaction uncertainty is estimated, rather than measured, using the Judgment Uncertainty and Magnitude Parameters (JUMP) model. The results show that prior expectation, pleasure, and arousal have positive effects on satisfaction uncertainty, while perceived performance has a negative impact. Furthermore, regulatory focus is found to moderate the effects of cognition and affect on satisfaction uncertainty, while need for closure moderates the impact of affect on satisfaction uncertainty.
Global existence and nonexistence of solutions for the nonlinear pseudo‐parabolic equation with a memory term
Authors: Di Huafei , Shang Yadong 
Published: December 2014

In this paper, we study the initial boundary value problem of nonlinear pseudo‐parabolic equation with a memory term
with initial conditions and Dirichlet boundary conditions. By the combination of the Galerkin method and Potential well theory, the existence of global solutions is derived. Moreover, not only the finite time blow up of solutions with the negative initial energy (E(0) < 0) but also the finite time blow up results with the nonnegative initial energy (0≤E(0) < dk) are obtained by using Concavity method and Potential well theory. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CFD Derived Results Lead to An Installation of An Overflow Technique in A Microreactor for Gas‐Phase Ethene Homo Polymerization
Authors: Mayrhofer Leonhard , Krallis Apostolos , Wurnitsch Christof , Paulik Christian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe presented micro gas‐phase reactor is a very suitable tool for the investigation of polymerizations. To achieve conditions which are closer to industry an overflow is installed in the microreactor. With this setup it is now possible to have a distinct exchange of ethene during the polymerization. CFD calculations have been performed to evaluate the reactor setup and according to these results the reactor has been modified to allow an exchange of the reactor volume two times per minute. The overflow leads to a better heat removal from the growing polymer particles and supplies the active centers with preheated ethylene. The performed overflow‐polymerizations are compared with polymerizations in static conditions and the results allow deeper understanding of the polymerization kinetics on particle level in gas phase conditions.
Why do oncology outpatients who report emotional distress decline help?
Authors: Clover Kerrie Ann , Mitchell Alex J. , Britton Ben , Carter Gregory 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveMany patients who experience distress do not seek help, and little is known about the reasons for this. We explored the reasons for declining help among patients who had significant emotional distress.MethodsData were collected through QUICATOUCH screening at an Australian hospital. Oncology outpatients scoring 4 or more on the Distress Thermometer were asked if they would ‘like help’ with their distress. Those who declined help were asked their reasons. Demographic variables and a clinical measure of anxiety and depression (PSYCH‐6) were used to identify factors associated with reasons for declining help.ResultsOf 311 patients with significant distress, 221 (71%) declined help. The most common reasons were ‘I prefer to manage myself’ (n = 99, 46%); ‘already receiving help’ (n = 52, 24%) and ‘my distress is not severe enough’ (n = 50, 23%).Younger patients and women were more likely to decline help and were more likely to already be receiving help. Distress score and PSYCH‐6 scores were significantly lower among patients who rated their distress as not severe enough to require help. Nevertheless, there were patients who had maximal scores on distress and PSYCH in each group.ConclusionsTwo common patient barriers to help with distress are a preference for self‐help and a belief that distress is not sufficiently severe to warrant intervention. These beliefs were held by a sizeable proportion of individuals who reported very high levels of distress. Qualitative research and subsequent interventions for overcoming these barriers are required to obtain the most benefit from distress screening programs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct patterns of endosulfatase gene expression during Xenopus laevis limb development and regeneration
Authors: Wang Yi‐Hsuan , Beck Caroline 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe heparan sulfate 6‐O‐endosulfatases sulf1 and sulf2 regulate multiple cellular processes and organ development. Sulfs modulate a range of heparan‐sulfate‐dependent extracellular pathways, including the fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein, and wingless/wnt signaling pathways. Known patterns of sulf transcript expression together with functional experiments have implicated the sulfs in chondrogenesis and muscle regeneration in mammals. Here, we describe the expression patterns of Xenopus laevis sulf1 and sulf2 in developing forelimbs and hindlimbs and demonstrate novel expression of the sulf transcripts in the regenerating hindlimbs, with prominent sulf2 expression in the proliferating blastema and transient expression of sulf1 in the redeveloping apical epidermal ridge. These findings further suggest involvement of the sulfs in successful limb regeneration in amphibians.