bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choroidal thickness changes determined by SS OCT following intravitreal bevacizumab
Authors: RUIZ MORENO JM , MONTERO JA , RUIZ‐MEDRANO J , FLORES‐MORENO I , LUGO F 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To report choroidal thickness (CT) changes using a SS OCT prototype following intravitreal bevacizumab injections.Methods Seventeen patients were treated by one single intravitreal 1.25 mg injection of bevacizumab (IVB). The macular area was examined using an SS‐OCT prototype system based on swept‐source OCT and was used to image the full‐thickness choroid and sclera. A CT profile of the macula was created by manually measuring CT (from the posterior edge of retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid/sclera junction) subfoveally, and three further determinations were performed every 750 μm temporal and nasal to the fovea.  CT was determined immediately before and 24 hours after performing 1.25 mg IVB.Results Seventeen eyes from 17 patients (11 eyes with exudative age related macular degeneration, 4 eyes with retinal vein occlusion, 1 eye with myopic choroidal neovascularization, and 1 eye with diabetic macular edema) were examined. Nine patients were male and 8 were female. Mean age was 73 ± 11years range 53 to 88. Pearson correlation coefficient among observers averaged 0.90 (range 0.54 to 0.99). Changes in choroidal thickness were not significant for any of the determinations (Student t test for paired data). Changes in central foveal thickness were almost statistically significant (Student t test for paired data).Conclusion Our findings suggest that one single IVB does not seem to induce acute choroidal thinning.
HMGB1 is a potent inducer of choroidal angiogenesis through a MyD88‐dependent manner
Authors: KIM Y , KERUR N , LI S , AMBATI J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHigh‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an endogenous alarm sensor against extracellular damage signals and initiates TLR (toll‐like receptor) responses closely linked to angiogenesis through MyD88, its specific adaptor protein. Interest in regulation of HMGB1‐TLR as a potential therapeutic approach is increasing but this regulatory effect in pathologic angiogenesis still remains unclear. Through a mouse model of laser coagulation‐induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) we confirmed that disturbing HMGB1 by its specific antibody and recombinant HMGB1 protein significantly reduces and induces CNV, respectively. To examine whether HMGB1 influences CNV through TLR signal, we then used MyD88 KO mice and the effects of HMGB1 antibody and recombinant protein on CNV completely blocked. Taken together, these data suggest that HMGB1 is a potential endogenous or exogenous regulator of pathophysiologic angiogenesis and MyD88 is an essential mediator for HMGB1‐induced angiogenesis.
Choroidal thickness measurement in children using optical coherence tomography
Authors: BIDAUT GARNIER M , SCHWARTZ C , PUYRAVEAU M , MONTARD M , DELBOSC B , SALEH M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To measure choroidal thickness in children of various ages by using spectral optical coherence Tomography with enhanced depth imaging (EDI). The primary outcome was to measure choroidal thickness in children. The secondary outcomes were to investigate the association between subfoveal choroidal thickness and ocular axial length, age, gender, weight, and height in children.Methods Hospital‐based cross‐sectional study. Healthy children visiting at the University Hospital of Besançon were prospectively included between May and August 2012. Optical coherence tomography with the EDI system (Spectralis®, Heidelberg, Germany) was used for choroidal imaging at nine defined points of the macula of both eyes. Axial length was measured by using IOL Master® (Carl Zeiss. Meditec. USA). Height, weight and refraction were recorded.Results Three hundred forty height eyes from 174 children were imaged. The mean age of the children studied was 8.70±2.89 years (mean±SD); range 3.5‐14.9 years. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness in right eyes was 341.96±74.7 µm. Mean axial length was 22.30±1.05mm. Choroidal thickness increased with age (r=0.24, p=0.017), height and weight but not with sex (p>0.05). It was also inversely correlated to axial length (r=0.24, p=0.001). There was a moderate correlation between the two eyes in terms of choroidal thickness (r=0.6). The nasal choroid appeared thinner than in the temporal area (ANOVA, p<0.0001)Conclusion In children, choroidal thickness increases with age and is inversely correlated to the axial length. There is a significant variation of the choroidal thickness between children of the same age.
Evaluation of optical features of the macula in multiple sclerosis
Authors: VARGA BE , TATRAI E , LAURIK L , OLVEDY V , SIMO M , NEMETH J , SOMFAI GM , DEBUC D 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Differences in optical and irregularity measures of abnormal retinal tissue may provide additional information of impairment of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer complex (GCL+IPL) in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of our study was to estimate these retinal changes in MS.Methods Twenty‐seven patients with MS were examined using Stratus OCT. The raw macular OCT data was exported and processed using OCTRIMA software and the fractal dimension (FD) and layer index (LI) values of seven intraretinal layers were obtained. The enrolled eyes were divided into two groups, based on ON in the history (ON+ group, n=13 and ON‐ group, n=14). Data of 73 healthy subjects (N) were used as controls. ANOVA with Newman‐Keuls post‐hoc analysis was used for the comparison of FD and LI values. The level of significance was set at p<0.001.Results A significant decrease was observed in LI in the entire macula and the perifoveal region in RNFL (12.4±1.4, 10.8±0.8, 9.3 ±1.4 and 14.0±1.7, 12.0±0.9, 10.0±1.7 for the N, ON‐ and ON+ groups, respectively). The RNFL in the ON‐ group was significantly different from both the N and ON+ groups (p<0.001 for all comparisons). No significant changes were found in the other layers. A significant increase was observed between the ON‐ and ON+ groups in FD in the entire macula and the perifoveal region in the RNFL layer (1.8±0.04, 1.8±0.07 p<0.001 and 1.6±0.06, 1.6±0.1 p<0.001, respectively) but no significant changes were found in the other layers.Conclusion In MS, the optical features of the ganglion cells and the RNFL also change besides the pathological remodeling of macular tissue. This result may help to improve the diagnostic efficacy of OCT in MS.
Commercial interest
Visual evoked potentials, short wave‐length automated perimetry, standard automated perimetry, contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity testing in visually asymptomatic eyes of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: HERAVIAN J , NAJJARAN M , FOROUGHIPUR M , AZIMI A , SABER MOGHADDAM A , OSTADIMOGHADDAM H , YEKTA A , KHOSHSIMA J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the efficacy of PVEP, standard automated perimetry, short‐wavelength automated perimetry, CS, stereoacuity in detecting subclinical visual impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and no history of optic neuritis.Methods Twenty‐seven MS patients (average age 33.81±9.33 years) underwent PVEP with 60 and 15‐minute arc check sizes, SAP (Humphrey 750‐II, SITA standard strategy), SWAP (program central 30‐2), CS, Stereoacuity by RSA test. They were age and sex matched with twenty seven normal subjects.Results Stereoacuity was significantly reduced in MS group compared with controls. (p=0.007). P100 latency time for both check sizes was significantly prolonged in MS group compared with controls (p=0.005). P100 amplitude significantly reduced in MS group compared with controls (p<0.001). When comparing MS patients with the control group significant differences were found for SAP MD, SWAP MD, SAP PSD, SWAP PSD (p<0.001). By considering predefined criteria, asymptomatic MS patients have shown abnormal stereoacuity in 22.2%, abnormal VEP in 40.7%, abnormal CS in 37%, abnormal SAP in 44% and abnormal SWAP in 37% of patients.Conclusion Our results concluded the probable presence of subclinical visual impairment among MS patients without optic neuritis history and no visual symptoms. The Pattern VEP and perimetry test together are useful choices in the regular assessment of these patients.
Relevance of contrast sensitivity for the diagnosis and monitoring of early stages of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: GARCIA MARTIN ES , ROJAS B , DE HOZ R , GIL P , YUBERO R , RAMIREZ JM 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Several visual tests can be used to determine the behavior of neurons, including the contrast‐sensitivity test (CST), which analyzes the actions of retinal ganglion cells and their cortical processes. Brain atrophy, one of the characteristic signs of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), is caused by severe loss of neurons in the brain, including several areas known to be involved in visual processing. Our aim was to analyze CST changes in early AD in order to ascertain whether or not CST could be used for AD diagnosis and progression control of the disease.Methods Twenty GDS 4 AD patients, and 25 controls were examined at the Hospital Clínico San Carlos in Madrid (Spain) and underwent a complete ophthalmologic exam (visual acuity, refraction, CST, color test, biomicroscopy, IOP, and fundoscopy). The CST used was CSV‐1000 E chart test, providing for four rows of sine‐wave gratings, which test the spatial frequencies of 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles/degree. The chart was presented at 2.5 m.Results In AD patients, the CST proved lower in all spatial frequencies, the greatest decrease affecting the highest frequency.Conclusion In early AD, the CST registered a decline in the function of both magnocellular and parvocellular retinal ganglion cells. The CST could be a useful tool for early diagnosis and follow‐up of AD patients.
Retinal layer segmentation: Non‐invasive technique demonstrating hyperplasia of nerve fibers and ganglion cells in the Ataxia of Charlevoix‐Saguenay
Authors: GARCIA MARTIN E , BAMBO MP , SATUE S , HERRERO R , OTIN S , GAZULLA J , ALFARO J , VELA A , LARROSA JM , POLO V , PABLO LE , ASCASO J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To present a new retinal layer segmentation technique, in order to evaluate the existence of nerve fiber hyperplasia in patients with the autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix‐Saguenay (ARSACS).Methods This observational cross‐sectional study included five patients with a molecular diagnosis of ARSACS and 5 sex and age‐matched healthy controls underwent a full ophthalmologic examination, which included a new technique to segment the retinal layers using Optical Coherence Tomography. Images and data were correlated with diffusion tensor colour encoded MRI maps, diffusion tensor tractographies, and retinal anatomopathological analysis.Results Every patient showed increased thickness in the internal layers of the retina (inner limiting membrane, nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer) in OCT evaluation. These findings suggest the presence of neurofilamentous hyperplasia in the retina of patients with ARSACS and correlated with anatomopathological findings.Conclusion We found evidence of ganglion cell and nerve fiber hyperplasia in the retina of ARSACS patients. Thus, a revision of the aetiopathogenic mechanisms is necessary in this disease.
Eye and optic tract function in patients with cavernous sinus meningioma undergoing CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery
Authors: ORSKI M , TARNAWSKA D , WYLEGALA E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To assess 6–month radiation–related ocular side effects in patients udergoing CyberKnife Robotic Radiosurgery which enables delivery of beams of high dose radiation with extreme accuracy. Ocular side effects after radiation therapy have been reported and include: dry eye syndrome, eyelash loss, cataract formation, retinopathy, corneal changes, neovascular glaucoma, optic neuropthy.Methods We examined 9 patients undergoing CyberKnife Robotic Surgery for meningiomas located close to optic chiasm in order to assess effects of radiation on ocular tract function. Patients received 18 Gy in 3 fractions. Doses delivered to optic tract were on average 15 Gy in 3 fractions. Ocular structures involve extremely radiosensitive tissues such as natural lens as well as relatively resistant tissues:cornea, sclera and optic nerve. Slit lamp biomicroscopy with dialated fundus exam, Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), Intraocular Pressure (IOP), Endothelial Cell Count (ECD), cataract formation, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) and Central Macular Thickness were obtained at a baseline and six months after radiotherapyResults No pathological changes in slit lamp examination with dialated fundus exam were revealed. No significant cataract formation or progession was observed. No statistically significant changes in measured parameters regarding eye, optic nerve and optical tract were observed (p>0,05 Wilcoxon paired test).Conclusion Our study did not show any significant inluence of radiation to eye and optic tract in patients treated with CyberKnife Robotic Radiosurgery for brain lesions in six month follow up period. Further observation of potential radiation–related ocular complications is required.
Effects of cyclosporine in an experimental rat model of dry eye
Authors: CIMBOLINI N , ANTONELLI S , FERAILLE L , MARGARON P , ELENA PP 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Dry eye syndrome is a relatively common disease with multifactorial causes. It has been shown that rodent models of dry eye experimentally induced by scopolamine, a tropane alkaloid drug with muscarinic antagonist effects, could be helpful to test and select therapeutic candidates in the disease. Here we propose to show the action of cyclosporine A, an inhibitor of T‐cell activation and inflammatory cytokine production, after oral and topical administrations.Methods Experimental dry eye was induced in female albino rats by a systemic and continuous delivery of scopolamine (20 mg/day) over 21 days via osmotic pumps implanted subcutaneously on day 1. Animals were divided in three groups of five animals: The first two groups were instilled either saline or cyclosporine 0.05% eye drops and the third group received 20mg/kg/day cyclosporine by oral administration. Tear production was measured with the phenol red thread test, tear break‐up time was studied under slit‐lamp, and corneal defects were examined by slit‐lamp observation using blue light after 0.5% fluorescein eye drop instillation and in vivo confocal microscopy. These examinations were performed in both eyes at baseline and on days 7, 14 and 21.Results Cyclosporine orally or topically administered significantly reduced clinical signs of dry eye by increasing lacrimation and decreasing corneal defect.Conclusion Cyclosporine appears to show efficacy in this model, regardless of the mode of administration.
Commercial interest
Full‐field optical coherence tomography of human donor and diseased corneas
Authors: GHOUALI W , GRIEVE K , BELLEFQIH S , LAROCHE L , PAQUES M , BORDERIE V 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the performance of a full‐field optical coherence tomography (FF‐OCT) system in the study of human donor and diseased corneas and assess its suitability for use in eye banksMethods Our study was carried out using a full‐field OCT system from LLTech ®, developed for non‐invasive imaging of tissue structures in depth. Images were acquired on human donor corneas (in normal and oedematous conditions) and surgical specimens of diseased corneas (Fuchs dystrophy, keratoconus, stromal scar after keratitis)Results The Full‐field OCT device from LLTech® enabled three dimensional images to be obtained with ultrahigh resolution (1 micron in all directions) comparable to traditional histological sections. This allowed a precise visualisation of the cells and the different structures (epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, stroma, Descemet’s membrane and endothelium) in normal corneas , but also in diseased corneas (even in the presence of an oedema), with specific lesions in each condition.Conclusion Optical and specular microscopy, with a detailed view of the corneal endothelium and a cell density determination, remain the « gold standard » in the study of human cornea grafts. However, full‐field OCT, thanks to a more complete anatomical stydy of the cornea, could be helpful in the evaluation and the selection of human cornea grafts which quality plays a major role in the outlook of the corneal transplant
Expression of Huntingtons disease markers in the cornea of minipig transgenic for the human mutated huntingtin
Authors: ARDAN T , JUHAS S , MOTLIK J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Huntingtons disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) domain in the protein of huntingtin (htt). PolyQ expansion above 35–40 results in disease associated with htt aggregation into inclusion bodies. The recent studies have shown that the illness arises not only in neurons, but also in non‐neuronal cells. Purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of selected HD markers (on htt and their aggregates, ferritin and ubiquitin) in corneas of minipig transgenic for the human mutated huntingtin and compare them with corneas of wild type (WT) minipig.Methods In this study we used WT minipigs and minipigs transgenic for N‐terminal part of the human mutated huntingtin (both F2 generation, age 24 months). HD markers were examined on cryostat sections immunohistochemically by using the following primary antibodies: anti‐polyglutamines, anti‐polyglutamine‐expansion diseases marker, MW8 marker, anti‐ferritin and anti‐ubiguitin.Results Immunohistochemical examination on huntingtin demonstrated the increased expression of this protein in corneal epithelium and keratocytes of transgenic minipig in comparison with wild type cornea. The expression of ferritin detected in epithelial cells was very low in both studied corneas without significant difference between them. No nuclear inclusions or ubiquitous proteins were found in the cornea of transgenic minipig.Conclusion This study showed that preclinical (silent) stages of HD are characterized by an elevated level of mutagenic huntingtin without formation of nuclear inclusions and ubiquitination of proteins. Supported by CHDI Foundation (A‐5378 and A‐5379), TA01011466, CZ.1.05./2.1.00/03.0124 and RVO: 67985904.
Ultrastructure features of dhub lizard (Uromastyx aegyptia) cornea
Authors: AKHTAR S , ALKHALAF M , KHAN A , ALMUBRAD T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The Dhub lizard (Uromastyx egyptia) belongs to the family Agamidae and sub‐family Uromasticinae, which is native of very dry and harsh desert climates. We report ultrastructural features of the dhub lizard cornea.Methods Four corneas of dhub lizards were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde containing cuprolinic blue in sodium acetate and magnesium chloride buffer. The tissue was washed in the buffer and dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol. The tissue was embedded in spur resin. The ultrathin sections were observed under a JEOL 1400 transmission electron microscope.Results The cornea of the dhub lizard is very thin (approximately 28µm) and consists of 4 layers: epithelium, stroma, Descemet’s membrane and endothelium. The sub‐epithelial lamellae of the anterior stroma consisted of three or four collagen fibrils interlaced with each other. The lamellae in the anterior, middle and posterior were also thin and running parallel to each other. The epithelium constitutes approximately 14% of the cornea, whereas the stroma constitutes 80% of the cornea. The mean diameter of CF and PGs mean area in the anterior stroma were larger compared to the mean diameter and mean PGs area of the middle and posterior stroma.Conclusion The relatively thick epithelium of the cornea protects the stroma from drying out in the desert environment. The presence of large PGs suggests that they keep the hydration of the stroma at optimum level in the dry weather.
Galilei Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer: Corneal thickness and anterior chamber characteristics in healthy human eyes
Authors: SEGURA CALVO F , SANCHEZ‐CANO A , LOPEZ DE LA FUENTE C , FUENTES‐BROTO L , ORDUNA HOSPITAL E , PINILLA I 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the repeatability of Corneal Thickness (CT) measurements and the normal values of Anterior Chamber Volume (ACV), iridocorneal angles and Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD) in healthy human eyes.Methods Pachymetry and Anterior Chamber (AC) parameters were recorded prospectively in a consecutive case series of 52 normal eyes. All the studied subjects had no ocular abnormalities rather than mild refractive error less than D EE. Measurements were performed using the Galilei Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer.Results There was a high intra‐observer agreement, finding the best value in the thinnest central CT with an intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.999 and the worst, in the peripheral CT, with an ICC of 0.807. ICC of 0.997 and 0.994 were found in central and paracentral CT respectively. The mean values ± SD for the AC parameters were: ACD 3.29mm ± 0.27mm; ACV 123 mm3 ± 49.05mm3; Temporal Angle ACD 37.58º± 2.83º; Superior Angle ACD 36.71º± 4.05º; Nasal Angle ACD 37.17º± 3.19º and Inferior Angle ACD 38.55º± 3.71º.Conclusion Galilei device allows a noninvasive measurement of different AC parameters. These data provides benchmark information that can be used to monitor and assess clinical practice; besides pachymetry is found to be a highly repeatable parameter.
Pragmatic approach in a case of unknown bilateral corneal opacity and staphyloma in a child in Timor Leste
Authors: GRAEFF E , MEYER P 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To demonstrate limited diagnostic and therapeutic options in ophthalmology in Timor Leste on the basis of a clinical picture of unknown corneal opacity.Methods Clinical‐pathological case report.Results A six year old girl was referred into the clinic because of a progressive corneal opacity in both eyes ‐ left more than right ‐ known since 18 life months. Clinically a light perception of the right eye could be observed. The left eye was amaurotic. A complete grayish‐ white opacification of both cornea which impeded any clinical examination of anterior and posterior segment were found.The surface of the left cornea was obviously bulged out, accordingly a proper lid closure was impossible. Further diagnostic testings like ultrasound, CT‐scanner, MRI or blood examination were not possible due to the limited resources. Assuming for a severe pathology and particulary a possible untraeted superinfection later on a evisceration was performed in general anaesthesia on the left eye. Histology done in Switzerland showed congenital corneal staphyloma with marked thickening of the cornea due to abnormal stromal connective tissue. Additionally, absence of Bowman and Descemet membranes as well as large anterior and focal posterior synechias of the iris were found.Conclusion The present pathologic findings were compatible with a very rare manifestation of Peters anomaly combined with abnormally thick intracorneal fibrosis and congenital corneal staphyloma. In the absence of any clinical supplementary examinations, a malignant intraocular tumour could be excluded histologically.
Evaluation of transplanted oral epithelium by confocal microscopy corelates with success rate in aniridia patients
Authors: WOWRA B , DOBROWOLSKI D , WROBLEWSKA‐CZAJKA E , GROLIK M , WYLEGALA E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate success of transplanted oral epithelium in corneal surface reconstruction in aniridia patientsMethods 25 patients suffered from congenital aniridia accompanied by aniridial keratopathy underwent COMET procedure. Confocal microscopy examination was performed 7, 14 and 28 days after transplantation. Number of cell layers, cell density and stability of epithelium was evaluatedResults The survival of transplanted oral epithelium is corelated with early postoperative evaluation of epithelial graftConclusion Confocal microscopy examination could be useful to predict survival time of oral epithelial graft