bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Synthesis of Phenanthridinones by Using a Base‐Catalyzed/Promoted Bicyclization of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Dimethyl Glutaconate
Authors: Li Lei , Chen Jia‐Jia , Kan Xing‐Lan , Zhang Lu , Zhao Yu‐Long , Liu Qun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new strategy for the highly efficient construction of functionalized phenanthridinones has been developed by starting from readily available acyclic α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds that have a 2‐aminophenyl group at the β‐position or carbonyl carbon and dimethyl glutaconate. The domino reaction involves an intermolecular [3+3] annulation followed by an intramolecular aza‐cyclization/aromatization process and allows for the synthesis of polysubstituted dihydrophenanthridinone and phenanthridinone derivatives in high to excellent yields under extremely mild conditions (i.e., transition‐metal‐free and open to air) in a single step.
A 13‐year record of erosion on badland sites in the Karoo, South Africa
Authors: Boardman John , Favis‐Mortlock David , Foster Ian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLand degradation in South Africa has been of concern for more than 100 years with both climate change and inappropriate land management (overgrazing) being proposed as primary drivers. However, there are few quantitative studies of degradation and, in particular, few of erosion by water. Badlands, taken here to be the landform which results from extreme erosion, have been notably neglected. We report on 13 consecutive years of erosion pin measurements of badland erosion on 10 study sites in the Sneeuberg uplands of the eastern Karoo in South Africa. The study sites are on Holocene colluvium which mantles footslopes. They have been subject to overgrazing for at least 100 years, c. 1850–1950. Currently they are lightly grazed by sheep. The area receives about 500 mm rainfall per year. The sites are remote, with only informal, farmer‐operated, daily raingauges nearby. The nearest sub‐daily raingauge is c. 55 km distant. Also we report on an analysis of the erosion pin data which focuses on establishing the origins and context of the badlands, including the relationship between study sites and adjacent valley‐bottom gully systems; compare erosion rates on our study sites with rates determined by erosion pins on other badland sites; and discuss the implications of these erosion rates for landscape development and off‐site impacts. Net erosion rates on the study sites are relatively high compared with global badland rates and range from 3.1 to 8.5 mm yr‐1 which may be extrapolated to 53 to 145 t ha yr‐1 (using a measured bulk density of 1.7 g cm‐3). However, comparisons with badland sites elsewhere are difficult because of different measuring methodologies, lithologies, climate and dominant processes. Erosion rates on the study sites are strongly influenced by rainfall amounts and, in particular, by daily rainfall events which exceed ~10 mm: this is the threshold intensity at which runoff has been observed to commence on badlands. Of significance, but of lesser influence, is weathering, mainly by wetting and drying: this prepares bare surfaces for erosion. However, questions remain regarding the role of site characteristics, and of processes at each site, in determining between‐site differences in erosion rate. Crude extrapolation of current rates of erosion, in conjunction with depths of incision into the badlands, suggests that badland development started around 200 years ago, probably as a response to the introduction of European‐style stock farming which resulted in overgrazing. We assume, but cannot quantify, the additional influence of periods of drought and burning in the erosional history of the area. Intermittent connection of these badlands to valley‐bottom gullies and therefore to small farm dams and ultimately to large water storage reservoirs increases their impact on local water resources. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Performance of SOFC Model Under Different Three‐phase Load Conditions
Authors: Gelen A. , Yalcinoz T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, the dynamic performance of a modified thermal based dynamic model of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is presented under different three‐phase load conditions. The modified thermal based fuel cell model contains ohmic, activation and concentration voltage losses, thermal dynamics, methanol reformer and fuel utilization factor limiting stage. SOFC model and the power conditioning unit (PCU), which consists of a DC‐DC boost converter, a DC‐AC inverter, their controller, transformer and filter, are developed on Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation results show that the real and reactive power management of the inverter is performed successfully in an AC power system with the proposed thermal based SOFC model under three‐phase load conditions such as ohmic loads, switched ohmic−inductive loads and a three‐phase induction motor. Finally, the three‐phase induction motor is performed both no load and load conditions. The simulation results show that the modified thermal based fuel cell model provides an accurate representation of the dynamic and steady state behavior of the fuel cell under different three‐phase load conditions.
Integration of Planar Heat Pipes to Solid Oxide Cell Short Stacks
Authors: Dillig M. , Meyer T. , Karl J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis work presents the results of a thermal balancing, heat removal and supply mechanism via high temperature heat spreaders integrated to the solid oxide cell (SOC) stacks. Planar alkali metal heat pipes for almost isothermal two‐directional heat transfer at high power densities are incorporated into the metal interconnector structure of SOC‐short stacks. The objective of this concept is a temperature gradient shrinking within the stacks and a thermal control of SOFC system with a largely reduced additional air cooling. Subsequent to the development of planar heat pipe interconnectors with thickness down to 4 mm and heat transfer rates of up to 150 W per cm2 cross sectional area at isothermal operation, this paper describes their integration into the SOC stack structure. Therefore, short stacks with incorporated planar heat pipes are designed and built up for evaluation. The experimental study focuses on the influence of planar heat pipe interconnectors on temperature distributions within short stacks under various thermal load conditions. The experiments demonstrate the beneficial effects on thermal control of the stack structure and allow a first estimation of their amplitudes.
Experiences in E‐Learning: Portland State University System Engineering Program
Authors: Blyler John , Migliore Herman 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe demand for professional education is changing higher education, made even more dramatic due to the convenience and richness of the Internet as a learning environment. The Systems Engineering program at Portland State University (PSU) has offered Internet courses every term since the spring term of 1999. During that time, a variety of issues were addressed, covering everything from technical requirements, development tools, teaching methodologies, learning approaches, program promotion, diversity of a global student body, student services, student satisfaction, and faculty buy‐in. Many of these experiences have been distilled into a number of “lessons learned,” related to our courses and program.
Enterprise Development of a CDROM Systems Engineering Book of Knowledge (CD‐SEBOK) using Internet‐Based Collection Methods and Object Technology
Authors: Beshore David G. , Patmor Lynette L. , Wilson Willie B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSince 1997, our systems engineering (SE) process organization developed tools, techniques, and methods using commercial‐off‐the‐shelf (COTS) tools and Web servers to collect and deploy systems engineering knowledge. The phases of development described, herein, explain the rapid growth and contributions that began with a single dedicated web‐based PC server, and culminated in a CDROM‐based Systems Engineering Book of Knowledge (CD‐SEBOK) from a network of servers. The development steps included:

Initially providing content on a single SE process –“requirements” on prototype server (1997)
Expansion to six (6) processes for the entire SE department (1998)
Validation of content by process owners (1998)
Transfer of content to CDROM to provide a virtual web, version control and personal search engine (1999)
Expansion of content from multiple business site websites (1999)
Recapture on CDROM (2000)
Accumulation and toxicity of intravenously‐injected functionalized graphene oxide in mice
Authors: Wen Kai‐Ping , Chen Ying‐Chieh , Chuang Chia‐Hui , Chang Hwan‐You , Lee Chi‐Young , Tai Nyan‐Hwa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGraphene and its functionalized derivatives have recently emerged as interesting nanomaterials with promising applications in biomedicine. In this study, the long‐term in vivo biodistribution of intravenously injected nanographene oxide (NGO) functionalized with poly sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate (PSS) was systematically examined and the potential toxicity over 6 months of NGO‐PSS nanoparticles was investigated. Our results showed that the nanoparticles mainly accumulate in the lung, liver and spleen, where they persist for at least 6 months. These nanoparticles result in acute liver injury and chronic inflammation of the lung, liver and spleen, as evidenced by blood biochemistry results and histological examinations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teaching Leadership Through a Cultural–Psychological Lens
Authors: Grimes Matthew W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLeadership education is in a unique position at the college level. The study of leadership is both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary, and is often found in different academic departments at different institutions. The educational aspect of leadership is often overlooked, leaving many college teachers with an opportunity to further develop their pedagogy and practice. In the current paper, a cultural–psychological approach to leadership education, grounded in a review of prominent educational psychologist and educator Jerome Bruner's (2008) book The Culture of Education, is presented. The educational framework along with implications as to how this approach adds value to curricular design and classroom instruction in the undergraduate leadership studies classroom are provided.
Igniting Passion and Possibilities Through the Arts: Conflict, Collaboration and Leadership Through Live Stage Performances
Authors: McCarthy John F. (Jack) , Carr Sandra Deacon 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLeaders today require critical thinking skills and full awareness of the complexities of social and cultural interaction. These may be best taught through the liberal arts. This article examines the use of live dramatic stage performances for teaching and learning contemporary management and leadership lessons, highlighting the value of collaborating across traditional university boundaries through the use of the arts within the management curriculum. We describe the successful working relationships and our effective implementation model with cross‐campus colleagues and students in the theater department to integrate live stage plays into our core management and leadership coursework. Students and faculty from both domains have found the activity to be engaging, provocative, relevant, and valuable. A key finding from this work has been how malleable, smooth, and straightforward the process has been to successfully—and powerfully—integrate the arts and humanities directly into management education and leadership development.
Arts and Leadership: Vision and Practice at the IEDC‐Bled School of Management
Authors: Purg Danica , Walravens Arnold 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn 2012 the Association of MBAs (AMBA) nominated IEDC‐Bled School of Management as one of the four most innovative MBA programs from the more than 700 schools accredited by the association. This recognition stems from IEDC’s history of being a disruptive innovator and the entrepreneurial drive of the school, its founder Professor Danica Purg, and many other collaborators from around the world. One shining emblem of this is the school's groundbreaking work in the use of the arts in business education. The nod from AMBA was a recognition of the integration of the arts within IEDC’s management and leadership development programs. From its inception IEDC has incorporated cultural, artistic, and esthetic activities in its degrees and other programs. Over the last decade this has become a core activity across most programs. The development stems from IEDC’s belief that education dominated by functional knowledge alone cannot prepare contemporary leaders for the challenges they face in an increasingly complex world. The belief is lived every day at IEDC. Described as “a creative environment for creative leadership,” its faculty boasts not just finance, accounting, and marketing, but professionals from the arts, social sciences, and humanities. Its architecture is designed to inspire, and the large collection of original art that adorns its campus deepens students’ thinking and reflection.
Leading to Learn
Authors: Taylor Steven S. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract“You don't see to draw, you draw to see.” And then Fred said, “It's just the same for leadership, you don't learn to lead, you lead to learn.” The arts can teach us to stay with our senses and not know and in that way to provide a balance to the dominance of the analytic approaches to our organizational worlds. There is an old saying that you can only manage what you can measure. The arts can help us to work with what we cannot measure and the way to do that is by leading to learn. The current article explores the qualitatively different way in which the arts teach us to apprehend the world and how that is central to leadership.
MicroRNAs expression in normal and malignant colon tissues as biomarkers of colorectal cancer and in response to pomegranate extracts consumption: Critical issues to discern between modulatory effects and potential artefacts
Authors: Nuñez‐Sánchez María A. , Dávalos Alberto , González‐Sarrías Antonio , Casas‐Agustench Patricia , Visioli Francesco , Monedero‐Saiz Tamara , García‐Talavera Noelia V. , Gómez‐Sánchez María B. , Sánchez‐Álvarez Carmen , García‐Albert Ana M. , Rodríguez‐Gil Francisco J. , Ruiz‐Marín Miguel , Pastor‐Quirante Francisco A. , Martínez‐Díaz Francisco , Tomás‐Barberán Francisco A. , García‐Conesa María Teresa , Espín Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2015

ScopeMicroRNAs (miRs) are proposed as colorectal cancer (CRC) biomarkers. Pomegranate ellagic acid and their microbiota metabolites urolithins exert anticancer effects in preclinical CRC models, and target normal and malignant colon tissues in CRC patients. Herein, we investigated whether the intake of pomegranate extract (PE) modified miRs expression in surgical colon tissues versus biopsies from CRC patients.Methods and resultsWe conducted a randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial. Thirty‐five CRC patients consumed 900 mg PE daily before surgery. Control CRC patients (no PE intake, n = 10) were included. Our results revealed: (1) significant differences for specific miRs between malignant and normal tissues modifiable by the surgical protocols; (2) opposed trends between ‐5p and ‐3p isomolecules; (3) general induction of miRs attributable to the surgery; (4) moderate modulation of various miRs following the PE intake, and (5) no association between tissue urolithins and the observed miRs changes.ConclusionPE consumption appears to affect specific colon tissue miRs but surgery critically alters miRs levels hindering the discrimination of significant changes caused by dietary factors and the establishment of genuine differences between malignant and normal tissues as biomarkers. The components responsible for the PE effects and the clinical relevance of these observations deserve further research.
Reorthogonalization‐based stiffness preconditioning in FETI algorithms with applications to variational inequalities
Authors: Dostál Z. , Kozubek T. , Vlach O. , Brzobohatý T. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryA cheap symmetric stiffness‐based preconditioning of the Hessian of the dual problem arising from the application of the finite element tearing and interconnecting domain decomposition to the solution of variational inequalities with varying coefficients is proposed. The preconditioning preserves the structure of the inequality constraints and affects both the linear and nonlinear steps, so that it can improve the rate of convergence of the algorithms that exploit the conjugate gradient steps or the gradient projection steps. The bounds on the regular condition number of the Hessian of the preconditioned problem, which are independent of the coefficients, are given. The related stiffness scaling is also considered and analysed. The improvement is demonstrated by numerical experiments including the solution of a contact problem with variationally consistent discretization of the non‐penetration conditions. The results are relevant also for linear problems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental behavior and analysis of agricultural sulfur
Authors: Griffith Corey M , Woodrow James E , Seiber James N 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSulfur has been widely used for centuries as a staple for pest and disease management in agriculture. Presently, it is the largest‐volume pesticide in use worldwide. This review describes the sources and recovery methods for sulfur, its allotropic forms and properties and its agricultural uses, including development and potential advantages of nanosulfur as a fungicide. Chemical and microbial reactivity, interactions in soil and water and analytical methods for determination in environmental samples and foodstuffs, including inexpensive analytical methods for sulfur residues in wine, beer and other food/beverage substrates, will be reviewed. The toxicology of sulfur towards humans and agriculturally important fungi is included, with some restrictions on use to promote safety. The review concludes with areas for which more research is warranted. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Semipolar (112) InGaN light‐emitting diodes grown on chemically–mechanically polished GaN templates
Authors: Dinh Duc V. , Akhter Mahbub , Presa Silvino , Kozlowski Grzegorz , O'Mahony Donagh , Maaskant Pleun P. , Brunner Frank , Caliebe Marian , Weyers Markus , Scholz Ferdinand , Corbett Brian , Parbrook Peter J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAbstractauthoren InGaN multiple quantum well light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown on chemically–mechanically polished (112) GaN templates (up to 100 mm diameter wafers) by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy. Initial GaN overgrowth on the polished templates in nitrogen ambient maintained the polished surface. The peak emission wavelength of the LEDs varied from 445 to 550 nm. In contrast to the simultaneously grown LEDs on as‐grown templates, the LEDs on polished templates have very smooth surface morphology, uniform luminescence, and higher output power.Fluorescence images of 445 nm LEDs grown on (a) as‐grown and (b) polished (112) GaN templates.
Reduced‐port robotic anterior resection for left‐sided colon cancer using the Da Vinci single‐site® platform
Authors: Bae Sung Uk , Jeong Woon Kyung , Bae Ok Suk , Baek Seong Kyu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐Site® port plus one conventional robotic port, a reduced‐port robotic surgery (RPRS) for left‐sided colorectal cancer, can enable lymphovascular dissection using the Endowrist® function; this allows safe rectal transection through an additional port and maintains the cosmetic advantage of single‐incision laparoscopic surgery.MethodsBetween August 2014 and December 2014, the study group included 11 patients who underwent a RPRS for left‐sided colon cancer.ResultsThere was one (9.1%) case of descending colon cancer, six (54.5%) cases of sigmoid colon cancer, and four (36.4%) cases of rectosigmoid colon cancer. The mean total operation time and docking time were 289±77 and 17±7 min. The mean times to soft diet and possible length of stay were 5.6±0.8 and 7.4±0.7 days. The mean total number of lymph nodes harvested was 18.7±7.9. The mean proximal and distal resection margins were 7.8±4.7 and 4.7±2.4 cm.ConclusionsReduced‐port robotic surgery for left‐sided colon cancer using the Single‐Site® system appears to be feasible and safe using the new robotic single‐access platform. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning by hiring and change to organizational knowledge: Countering obsolescence as organizations age
Authors: Jain Amit 
Published: June 2015

Research summary: This paper investigates the relationship between hiring and the ability of organizations to evolve their capabilities as they age. While prior research establishes that organizations become rigid to change as they age, it underemphasizes measures that they may take to renew their adaptive potential. I address this gap by investigating whether hiring stimulates change to the knowledge organizations possess. Learning by hiring, I argue, helps organizations to evolve their knowledge as they age by disrupting routine, introducing distant knowledge, and facilitating socialization. I test the effectiveness of these mechanisms using 38 years (1970–2007) of data from the U.S. biotechnology industry, and find that hiring stimulates more change as organizations age, enabling them to renew their knowledge and counter the effects of obsolescence.Managerial summary: As organizations age, they become less responsive to the needs of their environment, resulting in a trend for them to become technologically obsolete. Little is known as to how they may reverse this trend and counter obsolescence. I provide evidence that hiring may be used to stimulate change to organizational knowledge and capabilities as they age by disrupting routine activity, introducing new‐to‐the‐firm knowledge, and inducing incumbent members to learn. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversing course: Competing technologies, mistakes, and renewal in flat panel displays
Authors: Eggers J. P. 
Published: June 2015

Research summary: The study explores renewal in a novel but understudied context—an era of ferment with competing technological options. It focuses on IBM's transition from market leadership in a failed path (plasma) to leadership in the emerging dominant technology (LCD) in the 1980s. Interviews and internal documents offer two primary factors explaining renewal at IBM. First, IBM Research had a hybrid structure that captured the benefits of both centralized and decentralized R&D. Second, middle managers shaped senior management cognitive frames to focus on business‐related issues instead of specific technical issues, thus bypassing biases often resulting from failure. The study offers an integrated framework on what facilitates flexibility at the technology, organization, and decision‐making levels. This flexibility helps firms survive a turbulent era of ferment.Managerial summary: Firms facing technological uncertainty may need to recover from unlucky bets. But responding to failure is politically and organizationally difficult. This study explores how IBM recovered from its failed bet on plasma displays to lead the LCD display market. This study identifies six key factors, highlighting two. First, IBM's researchers received centralized funding, but could also receive funding directly from division managers. This structure helped preserve options and variety. Second, internal LCD champions focused on the business case for displays and not technology. This fostered technology agnosticism and helped avoid managerial biases from failure. For managers looking to use real options to maintain flexibility in an uncertain environment, this study offers clear suggestions related to design and decision making that can foster flexibility. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.