bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cis-regulatory elements are harbored in Intron5 of the RUNX1gene
Authors: Rebolledo-Jaramillo Boris , Alarcon Ricardo A , Fernandez Valentina I , Gutierrez Soraya E 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Human RUNX1 gene is one of the most frequent target for chromosomal translocations associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). The highest prevalence in AML is noted with (8; 21) translocation; which represents 12 to 15% of all AML cases. Interestingly, all the breakpoints mapped to date in t(8;21) are clustered in intron 5 of the RUNX1 gene and intron 1 of the ETO gene. No homologous sequences have been found at the recombination regions; but DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHS) have been mapped to the areas of the genes involved in t(8;21). Presence of DHS sites is commonly associated with regulatory elements such as promoters, enhancers and silencers, among others.

Results
In this study we used a combination of comparative genomics, cloning and transfection assays to evaluate potential regulatory elements located in intron 5 of the RUNX1 gene. Our genomic analysis identified nine conserved non-coding sequences that are evolutionarily conserved among rat, mouse and human. We cloned two of these regions in pGL-3 Promoter plasmid in order to analyze their transcriptional regulatory activity. Our results demonstrate that the identified regions can indeed regulate transcription of a reporter gene in a distance and position independent manner; moreover, their transcriptional effect is cell type specific.

Conclusions
We have identified nine conserved non coding sequence that are harbored in intron 5 of the RUNX1 gene. We have also demonstrated that two of these regions can regulate transcriptional activity in vitro. Taken together our results suggest that intron 5 of the RUNX1 gene contains multiple potential cis-regulatory elements.
Transcriptional profiling of mammary gland in Holstein cows with extremely different milk protein and fat percentage using RNA sequencing
Authors: Cui Xiaogang , Hou Yali , Yang Shaohua , Xie Yan , Zhang Shengli , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Qin , Lu Xuemei , Liu George E , Sun Dongxiao 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Recently, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has rapidly emerged as a major transcriptome profiling system. Elucidation of the bovine mammary gland transcriptome by RNA-seq is essential for identifying candidate genes that contribute to milk composition traits in dairy cattle.

Results
We used massive, parallel, high-throughput, RNA-seq to generate the bovine transcriptome from the mammary glands of four lactating Holstein cows with extremely high and low phenotypic values of milk protein and fat percentage. In total, we obtained 48,967,376–75,572,578 uniquely mapped reads that covered 82.25% of the current annotated transcripts, which represented 15549 mRNA transcripts, across all the four mammary gland samples. Among them, 31 differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05, false discovery rate q < 0.05) between the high and low groups of cows were revealed. Gene ontology and pathway analysis demonstrated that the 31 differently expressed genes were enriched in specific biological processes with regard to protein metabolism, fat metabolism, and mammary gland development (p < 0.05). Integrated analysis of differential gene expression, previously reported quantitative trait loci, and genome-wide association studies indicated that TRIB3, SAA (SAA1, SAA3, and M-SAA3.2), VEGFA, PTHLH, and RPL23A were the most promising candidate genes affecting milk protein and fat percentage.

Conclusions
This study investigated the complexity of the mammary gland transcriptome in dairy cattle using RNA-seq. Integrated analysis of differential gene expression and the reported quantitative trait loci and genome-wide association study data permitted the identification of candidate key genes for milk composition traits.
The challenges and successes of implementing a sustainable antimicrobial resistance surveillance programme in Nepal
Authors: Malla Sarala , Dumre Shyam Prakash , Shakya Geeta , Kansakar Palpasa , Rai Bhupraj , Hossain Anowar , Nair Gopinath Balakrish , Albert M John , Sack David , Baker Stephen , Rahman Motiur ,   The Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Programme team, Nepal
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health concern and its surveillance is a fundamental tool for monitoring the development of AMR. In 1998, the Nepalese Ministry of Health (MOH) launched an Infectious Disease (ID) programme. The key components of the programme were to establish a surveillance programme for AMR and to develop awareness among physicians regarding AMR and rational drug usage in Nepal.MethodsAn AMR surveillance programme was established and implemented by the Nepalese MOH in partnership with the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B) from 1998 to 2003. From 2004 to 2012, the programme was integrated and maintained as a core activity of the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL) and resulted in an increased number of participating laboratories and pathogens brought under surveillance. The main strategies were to build national capacity on isolation, identification and AMR testing of bacterial pathogens, establish laboratory networking and an External Quality Assessment (EQA) programme, promote standardised recording and reporting of results, and to ensure timely analysis and dissemination of data for advocacy and national policy adaptations. The programme was initiated by nine participating laboratories performing AMR surveillance onVibrio cholerae, Shigellaspp.,Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae,andNeisseria gonorrhoeae.ResultsThe number of participating laboratories was ultimately increased to 13 and the number of pathogens under surveillance was increased to seven (Salmonellaspp. was added to the surveillance programme in 2002 and extended spectrum β-lactamase producingEscherichia coliin 2011). From 1999 to 2012, data were available on 17,103 bacterial isolates. During the AMR programme, we observed changing trends in serovars/ species forSalmonellaspp., Shigellaspp.and V. choleraeand changing AMR trend for all organisms. Notably,N. gonorrhoeaeisolates demonstrated increasing resistance to ciprofloxacin. Additionally, the performance of the participating laboratories improved as shown by annual EQA data evaluation.ConclusionsThis Nepalese AMR programme continues and serves as a model for sustainable surveillance of AMR monitoring in resource limited settings.
Inhibition of STAT3 dimerization and acetylation by garcinol suppresses the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Sethi Gautam , Chatterjee Snehajyoti , Rajendran Peramaiyan , Li Feng , Shanmugam Muthu K , Wong Kwong Fai , Kumar Alan Prem , Senapati Parijat , Behera Amit K , Hui Kam Man , Basha Jeelan , Natesh Nagashayana , Luk John M , Kundu Tapas K 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundConstitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been linked with proliferation, survival, invasion and angiogenesis of a variety of human cancer cells, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, novel agents that can suppress STAT3 activation have potential for both prevention and treatment of HCC. Here we report, garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, could suppress STAT3 activation in HCC cell lines and in xenografted tumor of HCC in nude mice model.Experimental designDifferent HCC cell lines have been treated with garcinol and the inhibition of STAT3 activation, dimerization and acetylation have been checked by immunoblotting, immuno-fluorescence, and DNA binding assays. Xenografted tumor model has been generated in nude mice using HCC cell line and effect of garcinol in the inhibition of tumor growth has been investigated.ResultsGarcinol could inhibit both constitutive and interleukin (IL-6) inducible STAT3 activation in HCC cells. Computational modeling showed that garcinol could bind to the SH2 domain of STAT3 and suppress its dimerizationin vitro. Being an acetyltransferase inhibitor, garcinol also inhibits STAT3 acetylation and thus impairs its DNA binding ability. The inhibition of STAT3 activation by garcinol led to the suppression of expression of various genes involved in proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. It also suppressed proliferation and induced substantial apoptosis in HCC cells. Remarkably, garcinol inhibited the growth of human HCC xenograft tumors in athymic nu/nu mice, through the inhibition of STAT3 activation.ConclusionOverall, our results suggest that garcinol exerts its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects through suppression of STAT3 signaling in HCC bothin vitroandin vivo.
Electromyogram synergy control of a dexterous artificial hand to unscrew and screw objects
Authors: Kent Benjamin A , Karnati Nareen , Engeberg Erik D 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Due to their limited dexterity, it is currently not possible to use a commercially available prosthetic hand to unscrew or screw objects without using elbow and shoulder movements. For these tasks, prosthetic hands function like a wrench, which is unnatural and limits their use in tight working environments. Results from timed rotational tasks with human subjects demonstrate the clinical need for increased dexterity of prosthetic hands, and a clinically viable solution to this problem is presented for an anthropomorphic artificial hand.

Methods
Initially, a human hand motion analysis was performed during a rotational task. From these data, human hand synergies were derived and mapped to an anthropomorphic artificial hand. The synergy for the artificial hand is controlled using conventional dual site electromyogram (EMG) signals. These EMG signals were mapped to the developed synergy to control four joints of the dexterous artificial hand simultaneously.
Five limb absent and ten able-bodied test subjects participated in a comparison study to complete a timed rotational task as quickly as possible with their natural hands (except for one subject with a bilateral hand absence), eight commercially available prosthetic hands, and the proposed synergy controller. Each test subject used two to four different artificial hands.

Results
With the able-bodied subjects, the developed synergy controller reduced task completion time by 177% on average. The limb absent subjects completed the task faster on average than with their own prostheses by 46%. There was a statistically significant improvement in task completion time with the synergy controller for three of the four limb absent participants with integrated prostheses, and was not statistically different for the fourth.

Conclusions
The proposed synergy controller reduced average task completion time compared to commercially available prostheses. Additionally, the synergy controller is able to function in a small workspace and requires less physical effort since arm movements are not required. The synergy controller is driven by conventional dual site EMG signals that are commonly used for prosthetic hand control, offering a viable solution for people with an upper limb absence to use a more dexterous artificial hand to screw or unscrew objects.
Pleiotropic effects of extended blockade of CSF1R signaling in adult mice
Authors: Sauter Kristin A , Pridans Clare , Sehgal Anuj , Tsai Yi Ting , Bradford Barry M , Raza Sobia , Moffat Lindsey , Gow Deborah J , Beard Philippa M , Mabbott Neil A , Smith Lee B , Hume David A 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe investigated the role of CSF1R signaling in adult mice using prolonged treatment with anti-CSF1R antibody. Mutation of the CSF1 gene in the op/op mouse produces numerous developmental abnormalities. Mutation of the CSF1R has an even more penetrant phenotype, including perinatal lethality, because of the existence of a second ligand, IL-34. These effects on development provide limited insight into functions of CSF1R signaling in adult homeostasis. The carcass weight and weight of several organs (spleen, kidney, and liver) were reduced in the treated mice, but overall body weight gain was increased. Despite the complete loss of Kupffer cells, there was no effect on liver gene expression. The treatment ablated OCL, increased bone density and trabecular volume, and prevented the decline in bone mass seen in female mice with age. The op/op mouse has a deficiency in pancreatic β cells and in Paneth cells in the gut wall. Only the latter was reproduced by the antibody treatment and was associated with increased goblet cell number but no change in villus architecture. Male op/op mice are infertile as a result of testosterone insufficiency. Anti-CSF1R treatment ablated interstitial macrophages in the testis, but there was no sustained effect on testosterone or LH. The results indicate an ongoing requirement for CSF1R signaling in macrophage and OCL homeostasis but indicate that most effects of CSF1 and CSF1R mutations are due to effects on development.
Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase RPTPα controls epithelial adherens junctions, linking E-cadherin engagement to c-Src signaling to cortactin
Authors: Truffi Marta , Dubreuil Véronique , Liang Xuan , Vacaresse Nathalie , Nigon Fabienne , Han Siew Ping , Yap Alpha S. , Gomez Guillermo A. , Sap Jan 
Published: March 2014

Epithelial junctions are fundamental determinants of tissue organization, subject to regulation by tyrosine phosphorylation. E-cadherin homophilic binding activates tyrosine kinases, such as Src, that controls junctional integrity. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) also contribute to cadherin-based adhesion and signaling, but little is known about their specific identity or functions at epithelial junctions.
We report here that the receptor-PTP RPTPα is recruited to epithelial adherens junctions at the time of cell-cell contact, where it is in molecular proximity to E-cadherin. RPTPα is required for appropriate cadherin-dependent adhesion, and for cyst architecture in 3-dimensional culture. Loss of RPTPα impairs adherens junction integrity, manifested by defective E-cadherin accumulation and perijunctional F-actin density. These effects correlate with a role for RPTPα in c-Src activation at sites of E-cadherin engagement. Mechanistically, RPTPα is required for appropriate tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin, a major Src substrate and a cytoskeletal actin organizer. Expression of a phosphomimetic cortactin mutant in RPTPα-depleted cells partially rescues F-actin and E-cadherin accumulation at intercellular contacts.
These findings indicate that RPTPα controls cadherin-mediated signaling by linking homophilic E-cadherin engagement to cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation via c-Src.
«Case analysis» Method as Applied to Higher School ESOL Teaching
Authors: Андреева Ирина , Andreeva Irina 
Published: March 2014

The article discusses the use of the «Case analysis» method in teaching students a foreign language at higher
school. Acquainting the reader with the history and development of this method, the paper provides a detailed
comparative analysis of the «Case analysis» and the method of problem analysis taking into consideration
the experience of using it in the Russian higher education environment. The article presents the advantages
and disadvantages of both methods when teaching a foreign language and provides an execution plan
for working with foreign-language material in the context of modular training and the above-mentioned
techniques usage — the stages of implementation, a plan diagram, evaluation criteria. The author also
emphasizes the necessity of additional training for teachers.
Strategic Lines for Russian Education Service Market Development
Authors: Степанова Светлана , Stepanova Svetlana 
Published: March 2014

The article analyses the specific features of the Russian education service market, presents a cumulative
evaluation of the problem of labour market competitive educational product development, and clarifies the
strategic lines for education service market development as determined by an increasingly significant role of
innovation in Russia’s economic development and the changes in the body of law regulating the activity of
educational institutions.
Social Support and Success at Stopping Smoking
Authors: May Sylvia , West Robert , Hajek Peter , McEwen Andy , McRobbie Hayden 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article characterises the social support received by a large sample of smokers attempting to stop and the relationship between this and the outcome of their attempt. A survey was conducted of 928 smokers attending a group-based program. Smoking among colleagues and a perception of having someone to turn to predicted outcome at the end of treatment, 4 weeks from the quit date (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.81, p = .008 and OR = 1.31, p = .003 respectively) Among those who abstained for the first week, smoking among colleagues and the frequency with which they had been offered cigarettes predicted outcome at the end of treatment (OR = 0.81, p = .04 and OR = 0.73, p = .01 respectively). There were no significant social support correlates of cessation for 26 weeks. Social support has a role to play in the short-term, but in the context of a group-based treatment program appears not to be related to long-term success.
Settlement of Gracilaria gracilis carpospores (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) on natural substrates from the southwestern Atlantic coast (Chubut, Argentina)
Authors: Hughes Melanie Hebe , Michetti Karina Mariel , Leonardi Patricia Inés 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Gracilaria gracilis is an important agarophyte that is exploited in Argentina by the harvest of detached thalli cast on the shore. Therefore, the study of carpospores is relevant because such spores can be used as inoculum for commercial aquaculture. In this study, the potential of two natural substrates from the Patagonian coast, for the settlement and growth of G. gracilis carpospores, was evaluated in the laboratory. Highly significant differences were found between substrates both in the proportion of substrates with settled spores and in carpospore density, shells being more suitable than pebbles. Regarding carposporeling growth, differences in sporeling length between substrates could not be detected by the end of the study, although basal discs reached a significantly higher diameter on pebbles than on shells. Results indicate that shells would be a good substrate to start spore culture because they offer a suitable surface for spore settlement. In addition, if the substrate is inoculated with sufficient seedling material to avoid competition among individuals and, if epiphytism is successfully reduced, sporelings should reach the required size for transport to the natural environment.
Bergman kernel along the Kähler–Ricci flow and Tian’s conjecture
Authors: Jiang Wenshuai 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this paper,
we study the behavior of Bergman kernels along the Kähler–Ricci flow on Fano manifolds. We show that the Bergman kernels are equivalent along the Kähler–Ricci flow for short time under certain condition on the Ricci curvature of the initial metric.
Then, using a recent work of Tian and Zhang, we can solve a conjecture of Tian for Fano manifolds of complex dimension at most 3.
On a characteristic property of conditionally well-posed problems
Authors: Kokurin Mikhail Y. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to discuss and illustrate the fact that conditionally well-posed problems stand out among all ill-posed problems as being regularizable via an operator independent of the level of errors in input data. We give examples of corresponding purely data driven regularizing algorithms for various classes of conditionally well-posed inverse problems and optimization problems in the context of deterministic and stochastic error models.
Dielectric behaviors of carbon nanotube/silicone elastomer composites
Authors: Li Hongyan , Liu Hongli , Li Junwei , Wei Dongqing , Wang Yantao , Song Boxue 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different aspect ratios were modified by a silane coupling agent. The modified CNTs were embedded into a silicone elastomer (SE) matrix to obtain the composites. The dielectric behaviors of the composites with different frequencies of outer electric field were investigated. The results showed that the CNTs were modified by a silane coupling agent to improve the interaction with the SE matrix. The dielectric loss and permittivity of the SE were enhanced by the addition of CNTs. The CNTs with larger aspect ratios had a more effective dielectric loss and permittivity-enhancing effect. There were three existent polarization mechanisms in the composites, and the response times of the three were different. When the field frequency increased, a polarization mechanism or two would not catch up with the increase, and the dielectric loss and permittivity would obviously be affected. The CNTs with larger aspect ratios had a more effective dielectric loss and permittivity-enhancing effect. According to the Debye equation, CNT/SE composites have a similar function as the parallel RLC circuit.
Polymorphisms of CLEC16A Region and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Authors: Muhali Fatuma-Said , Cai Tian-tian , Zhu Jiao-li , Qin Qiu , Xu Jian , He Shuang-tao , Shi Xiao-hong , Jiang Wen-juan , Xiao Ling , Li Dan-Feng , Zhang Jin-an 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
To investigate the association of CLEC16A gene polymorphisms and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Six hundred sixty seven Han Chinese patients with AITDs were selected as study subjects, including 417 patients with Graves’ disease (GD), 250 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and 301 healthy control patients. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and the mass spectrometry technique were used to genotype five CLEC16A single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs12708716, rs12917716, rs12931878, rs2903692, and rs6498169). Higher frequency of G allele of rs6498169 CLEC16A gene in AITDs patients [P = 0.029, odds ratio (OR) 1.29 and 95% confidence interval 1.022−1.505] was observed. In addition an association between rs6498169 and HT was observed with statistical significance (P = 0.018, OR 1.335, 95% confidence interval 1.051−1.696). Furthermore, the GG haplotype containing the major allele of (rs12708716 and rs6498169) was associated with an increased risk of HT (P = 0.0148, OR 1.344). When patients with HT and controls were compared, results from the dominant and recessive models showed that the genotype frequency of rs6498169 were at borderline levels (P = 0.054 and P = 0.05), and the other four SNPs of CLEC16A gene showed no significant association with AITDs. Our results suggest that polymorphisms rs6498169 of CLEC16A gene confers susceptibility to AITDs. We therefore disclose for the first time the association of rs6498169 SNP with AITDs.