bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneously Discovering and Quantifying Risk Types from Textual Risk Disclosures
Authors: Bao Yang , Datta Anindya 
Published: April 2014

Managers and researchers alike have long recognized the importance of corporate textual risk disclosures. Yet it is a nontrivial task to discover and quantify variables of interest from unstructured text. In this paper, we develop a variation of the latent Dirichlet allocation topic model and its learning algorithm for simultaneously discovering and quantifying risk types from textual risk disclosures. We conduct comprehensive evaluations in terms of both conventional statistical fit and substantive fit with respect to the quality of discovered information. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms all competing methods, and could find more meaningful topics (risk types). By taking advantage of our proposed method for measuring risk types from textual data, we study how risk disclosures in 10-K forms affect the risk perceptions of investors. Different from prior studies, our results provide support for all three competing arguments regarding whether and how risk disclosures affect the risk perceptions of investors, depending on the specific risk types disclosed. We find that around two-thirds of risk types lack informativeness and have no significant influence. Moreover, we find that the informative risk types do not necessarily increase the risk perceptions of investors—the disclosure of three types of systematic and liquidity risks will increase the risk perceptions of investors, whereas the other five types of unsystematic risks will decrease them.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1930 .This paper was accepted by Alok Gupta, special issue on business analytics.
Acute Bouts of Assisted Cycling Improves Cognitive and Upper Extremity Movement Functions in Adolescents With Down Syndrome
Authors: Ringenbach Shannon D. R. , Albert Andrew R. , Chen Chih-Chia (JJ) , Alberts Jay L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of 2 modes of exercise on cognitive and upper extremity movement functioning in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Nine participants randomly completed 3 interventions over 3 consecutive weeks. The interventions were: (a) voluntary cycling (VC), in which participants cycled at their self-selected pedaling rate; (b) assisted cycling (AC), in which the participants' voluntary pedaling rates were augmented with a motor to ensure the maintenance of 80 rpm; and (c) no cycling (NC), in which the participants sat and listened to music. Manual dexterity improved after AC, but not after VC or NC. Measures of cognitive function, including reaction time and cognitive planning, also improved after AC, but not after the other interventions. Future research will try to uncover the mechanisms involved in the behavioral improvements found after an acute bout of assisted cycling in adolescents with DS.
Evaluating Representativeness and Cancer Screening Outcomes in a State Department of Developmental Services Database
Authors: Wilkinson Joanne , Lauer Emily , Greenwood Nechama W. , Freund Karen M. , Rosen Amy K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThough it is widely recognized that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) face significant health disparities, the comprehensive data sets needed for population-level health surveillance of people with IDD are lacking. This paucity of data makes it difficult to track and accurately describe health differences, improvements, and changes in access. Many states maintain administrative health databases that, to date, have not been widely used for research purposes. In order to evaluate the feasibility of using administrative databases for research purposes, the authors attempted to validate Massachusetts' administrative health database by comparing it to a large safety net hospital system's patient data regarding cancer screening, and to the state's service enrollment tables. The authors found variable representativeness overall; the sub-population of adults who live in 24-hr supported residences were better represented than adults who live independently or with family members. They also found a fairly low false negative rate for cancer screening data as compared with the “gold standard” of hospital records. Despite some limitations, these results suggest that state-level administrative databases may represent an exciting new avenue for health research. These results should lend context to efforts to study cancer and health screening variables using administrative databases. The present study methods may also have utility to researchers in other states for critically evaluating other state IDD service databases. This type of evaluation can assist researchers in contextualizing their data, and in tailoring their research questions to the abilities and limitations of this kind of database.
Reviews
Authors: Donders Karen , Evens Tom 
Published: April 2014

UNDERSTANDING MEDIA POLICIES: A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE, EVANGELIA PSYCHOGIOPOULOU (ED.) (2012) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 304 pp., ISBN: 978-0-230-34812-7, h/bk, £55
POLITICAL ECONOMIES OF THE MEDIA: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE GLOBAL MEDIA, DWAYNE WINSECK AND DAL YONG JIN
(EDS) (2011) London: Bloomsbury Academic, 272 pp., ISBN: 978-1-84966-353-3, h/bk, £21.99
Co-opetition of TV broadcasters in online video markets: A winning strategy?
Authors: Evens Tom 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article focuses on TV broadcasters adopting co-opetition strategies for launching online video services. It is claimed that the emergence of online video platforms like YouTube and Netflix is driving TV broadcasters to collaborate with their closest competitors to reduce costs and reach the necessary scale in the global marketplace. The article sheds light on online video platforms that were developed following a co-opetition strategy (Hulu and YouView). The establishment of joint ventures in online video, however, has been scrutinized by competition authorities which fear that collaboration between close competitors lessens rivalry and reduces consumer choice. Therefore, several co-opetition projects (among others BBC’s Kangaroo and Germany’s Gold) have been prohibited by competition authorities.
Perinatal outcome of congenital heart disease in a population with high consanguinity
Authors: Hamdan Mohamed A. , Chedid Fares , Bekdache Gharid N. , Begam Muzibunissa , Alsafi Walaa , Sabri Zainab , Mirghani Hisham M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjective:To report the perinatal pattern and outcome of fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD) in consanguineous marriages.Methods:Retrospective chart review was performed for fetuses undergoing fetal echocardiography (FE) in our institution. The primary outcome was survival at 28 days after birth.Results:Between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2010, 1950 pregnant women carrying 2151 fetuses underwent a total of 2828 FEs. CHD was diagnosed in 152 fetuses (7.1%), and perinatal outcome was available in 120, among which 78 (65%) had consanguineous parents. Thirteen fetuses diedin utero, while 86 (71.7%) survived. The most prevalent lesions included left heart obstruction (25.8%), conotruncal malformations (21.7%), septal defects (18.3%), and cardiomyopathy (15.8%). Correct diagnosis was achieved in 92.2% of the cases. Extracardiac malformations occurred in 48.3% of the fetuses and were associated with increased mortality regardless of the type of CHD (P<0.001, odds ratio 6.8, 95% confidence interval 2.7–17.5).Conclusion:Joint FE clinics detect most CHD with high accuracy. Consanguinity contributes to a higher prevalence of fetal cardiac and non-cardiac malformations. The presence of extracardiac anomalies is associated with an increase in perinatal mortality.
How relative are purpose relative clauses?
Authors: Duarte Inês , Santos Ana Lúcia , Alexandre Nélia 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we present extended argumentation against a raising analysis for every type of relative clauses. Specifically, we argue that purpose relative clauses involve raising of a null operator to Spec,CP, contrary toAfter showing that all purpose relatives in European Portuguese are CPs, we present several arguments in favor of a null operator analysis of this type of structure. First, we show that parasitic gap effects support the existence of a variable in object purpose relatives and in VP adjunct purpose clauses with an object gap. We then show that Principle A effects in object purpose relatives allow to distinguish this type of relatives from
Siwi addressee agreement and demonstrative typology
Authors: Souag Lameen 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Siwi, a Berber language of Egypt, shows gender/number agreement of medial demonstratives with the addressee. Such phenomena are crosslinguistically very rarely reported, and are not discussed in major surveys of the typology of demonstratives (Diessel 1999; Imai 2003). However, within person-oriented demonstrative systems, such marking amounts to an iconic representation of addressee anchoring. The pragmatics of Siwi demonstratives thus cast light on the nature of the mapping from person to place that such systems reflect (Greenberg 1985). Comparative eastern Berber data suggests that demonstrative addressee agreement may be more widespread than the literature reflects.
Dopamine Signaling inC. elegansIs Mediated in Part by HLH-17-Dependent Regulation of Extracellular Dopamine Levels
Authors: Felton Chaquettea M , Johnson Casonya M 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn Caenorhabditis elegans, the dopamine transporter DAT-1 regulates synaptic dopamine (DA) signaling by controlling extracellular DA levels. In dat-1(ok157) animals, DA is not taken back up presynaptically but instead reaches extrasynpatic sites, where it activates the dopamine receptor DOP-3 on choligeneric motor neurons and causes animals to become paralyzed in water. This phenotype is called swimming-induced paralysis (SWIP) and is dependent on dat-1 and dop-3. Upstream regulators of dat-1 and dop-3 have yet to be described in C. elegans. In our previous studies, we defined a role for HLH-17 during dopamine response through its regulation of the dopamine receptors. Here we continue our characterization of the effects of HLH-17 on dopamine signaling. Our results suggest that HLH-17 acts downstream of dopamine synthesis to regulate the expression of dop-3 and dat-1. First, we show that hlh-17 animals display a SWIP phenotype that is consistent with its regulation of dop-3 and dat-1. Second, we show that this behavior is enhanced by treatment with the dopamine reuptake inhibitor, bupropion, in both hlh-17 and dat-1 animals, a result suggesting that SWIP behavior is regulated via a mechanism that is both dependent on and independent of DAT-1. Third, and finally, we show that although the SWIP phenotype of hlh-17 animals is unresponsive to the dopamine agonist, reserpine, and to the antidepressant, fluoxetine, hlh-17 animals are not defective in acetylcholine signaling. Taken together, our work suggests that HLH-17 is required to maintain normal levels of dopamine in the synaptic cleft through its regulation of dop-3 and dat-1.
A Roadmap to Understanding Toll Pathway Changes: An Educational Primer for Use with “Regulation of Toll Signaling and Inflammation by β-Arrestin and the SUMO Protease Ulp1”
Authors: Schmidt Rebecca L 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
An article by Anjum et al. in the December 2013 issue of GENETICS can be used to illustrate reverse genetic manipulation in a model organism, targeted RNA interference, synergistic gene interaction, and biochemical regulation of gene expression using post-translational modification. This Primer provides background information, technical explanations of methods and genetic approaches from the study, an example approach for classroom use, and discussion questions to promote understanding of the research article.
Effects of Overlapping Generations on Linkage Disequilibrium Estimates of Effective Population Size
Authors: Waples Robin S , Antao Tiago , Luikart Gordon 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Use of single-sample genetic methods to estimate effective population size has skyrocketed in recent years. Although the underlying models assume discrete generations, they are widely applied to age-structured species. We simulated genetic data for 21 iteroparous animal and plant species to evaluate two untested hypotheses regarding performance of the single-sample method based on linkage disequilibrium (LD): (1) estimates based on single-cohort samples reflect the effective number of breeders in one reproductive cycle (Nb), and (2) mixed-age samples reflect the effective size per generation (Ne). We calculated true Ne and Nb, using the model species’ vital rates, and verified these with individual-based simulations. We show that single-cohort samples should be equally influenced by Nb and Ne and confirm this with simulated results: N^b was a linear (r2 = 0.98) function of the harmonic mean of Ne and Nb. We provide a quantitative bias correction for raw N^b based on the ratio Nb/Ne, which can be estimated from two or three simple life history traits. Bias-adjusted estimates were within 5% of true Nb for all 21 study species and proved robust when challenged with new data. Mixed-age adult samples produced downwardly biased estimates in all species, which we attribute to a two-locus Wahlund effect (mixture LD) caused by combining parents from different cohorts in a single sample. Results from this study will facilitate interpretation of rapidly accumulating genetic estimates in terms of both Ne (which influences long-term evolutionary processes) and Nb (which is more important for understanding eco-evolutionary dynamics and mating systems).
The Role of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt Pathway on Prognosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cai Jing , Xu Linjuan , Tang Huijuan , Yang Qiang , Yi Xiaoqing , Fang Yan , Zhu Ying , Wang Zehua 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Introduction.
The PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, a key player in mediating apoptosis, metabolism, cell proliferation, and cell growth, is frequently dysregulated in many cancers. However, the pathway's prognostic impact in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is still inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis based on individual study outcomes to more precisely evaluate its clinical significance in EOC patients.

Methods.
We searched all potentially relevant studies published between January 1, 1990, and March 1, 2013, that assessed the association between PTEN, PI3K, and Akt status and survival in EOC. Meta-analysis was performed using a fixed-effect or random-effects model as appropriate. We investigated the possibility of publication bias through a funnel plot and identified the heterogeneity by I2 statistics.

Results.
Eleven eligible studies were analyzed for PTEN, 5 for PI3K, and 11 for pAkt. High PI3K and pAkt expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS; pooled adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44, 95% CI, 1.08–1.91 for PI3K; HR = 1.60, 95% CI, 1.26–2.04 for pAkt). In addition, both the meta-analyses of univariate and multivariate estimates showed that only high pAkt expression was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS; pooled unadjusted HR = 1.24, 95% CI, 1.10–1.39; pooled adjusted HR = 1.65, 95% CI, 1.07–2.55).

Conclusion.
Published studies suggest that high pAkt expression is significantly associated with poor OS and PFS in EOC patients, but currently available evidence is insufficient to recommend that PTEN, PI3K, or Akt be used as prognostic predictors in EOC in clinical practice.
Empagliflozin as Add-On to Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 24-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Häring Hans-Ulrich , Merker Ludwig , Seewaldt-Becker Elke , Weimer Marc , Meinicke Thomas , Broedl Uli C. , Woerle Hans J. ,   on behalf of the EMPA-REG MET Trial Investigators
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of empagliflozin as an add-on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients with HbA1c levels of ≥7% to ≤ 10% (≥53 to ≤86 mmol/mol) while receiving metformin (≥1,500 mg/day) were randomized and treated with once-daily treatment with empagliflozin 10 mg (n = 217), empagliflozin 25 mg (n = 213), or placebo (n = 207) for 24 weeks. The primary end point was the change in HbA1c level from baseline at week 24. Key secondary end points were changes from baseline in weight and mean daily glucose (MDG) at week 24.

RESULTS
At week 24, adjusted mean (SE) changes from baseline in HbA1c were −0.13% (0.05)% (−1.4 [0.5] mmol/mol) with placebo, −0.70% (0.05)% (−7.7 [0.5] mmol/mol) with empagliflozin 10 mg, and −0.77% (0.05)% (−8.4 [0.5] mmol/mol) with empagliflozin 25 mg (both P &lt; 0.001). Empagliflozin significantly reduced MDG level and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) versus placebo. Adjusted mean (SE) changes from baseline in weight were −0.45 kg (0.17 kg) with placebo, −2.08 kg (0.17 kg) with empagliflozin 10 mg, and −2.46 kg (0.17 kg) with empagliflozin 25 mg (both P &lt; 0.001). Adverse events (AEs) were similar across groups (placebo 58.7%; empagliflozin 49.5–57.1%). Confirmed hypoglycemic AEs were reported in 0.5%, 1.8%, and 1.4% of patients receiving placebo, empagliflozin 10 mg, and empagliflozin 25 mg, respectively. Events consistent with urinary tract infections were reported in 4.9%, 5.1%, and 5.6% of patients, and events consistent with genital infections were reported in 0%, 3.7%, and 4.7% of patients, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg for 24 weeks as add-on to metformin therapy significantly improved glycemic control, weight, and BP, and were well-tolerated.
Comparative Effectiveness of Peer Leaders and Community Health Workers in Diabetes Self-management Support: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tang Tricia S. , Funnell Martha , Sinco Brandy , Piatt Gretchen , Palmisano Gloria , Spencer Michael S. , Kieffer Edith C. , Heisler Michele 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVETo compare a peer leader (PL) versus a community health worker (CHW) telephone outreach intervention in sustaining improvements in HbA1c over 12 months after a 6-month diabetes self-management education (DSME) program.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSOne hundred and sixteen Latino adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited from a federally qualified health center and randomized to 1) a 6-month DSME program followed by 12 months of weekly group sessions delivered by PLs with telephone outreach to those unable to attend or 2) a 6-month DSME program followed by 12 months of monthly telephone outreach delivered by CHWs. The primary outcome was HbA1c. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular disease risk factors, diabetes distress, and diabetes social support. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months.RESULTSAfter DSME, the PL group achieved a reduction in mean HbA1c (8.2–7.5% or 66–58 mmol/mol, P &lt; 0.0001) that was maintained at 18 months (−0.6% or −6.6 mmol/mol from baseline [P = 0.009]). The CHW group also showed a reduction in HbA1c (7.8 vs. 7.3% or 62 vs. 56 mmol/mol, P = 0.0004) post–6 month DSME; however, it was attenuated at 18 months (−0.3% or −3.3 mmol/mol from baseline, within-group P = 0.234). Only the PL group maintained improvements achieved in blood pressure at 18 months. At the 18-month follow-up, both groups maintained improvements in waist circumference, diabetes support, and diabetes distress, with no significant differences between groups.CONCLUSIONSBoth low-cost maintenance programs led by either a PL or a CHW maintained improvements in key patient-reported diabetes outcomes, but the PL intervention may have additional benefit in sustaining clinical improvements beyond 12 months.
Can a Selective PPARγ Modulator Improve Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Fewer Side Effects Compared With Pioglitazone?
Authors: DePaoli Alex M. , Higgins Linda S. , Henry Robert R. , Mantzoros Christos , Dunn Fredrick L. 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE
INT131 besylate is a potent, nonthiazolidinedione, selective peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) modulator (SPPARM) designed to improve glucose metabolism while minimizing the side effects of full PPARγ agonists. This placebo-controlled study compared the efficacy and side effects of INT131 besylate versus 45 mg pioglitazone HCl in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled study of 0.5–3.0 mg INT131 versus 45 mg pioglitazone or placebo daily in 367 subjects with T2D on sulfonylurea or sulfonylurea plus metformin. The primary efficacy analysis was the comparison of change from baseline to week 24 in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) across treatment groups. Fluid status was assessed with a prospective scoring system for lower-extremity pitting edema.

RESULTS
INT131 had a steep dose response for efficacy as measured by changes in HbA1c. After 24 weeks’ treatment, the 0.5-mg dose demonstrated minimal efficacy (HbA1c −0.3 ± 0.12%) and the 2-mg dose demonstrated near-maximal efficacy (HbA1c −1.1 ± 0.12%), which was not statistically different from the efficacy of 45 mg pioglitazone (HbA1c −0.9 ± 0.12%; P &lt; 0.01 for noninferiority). With the 1-mg dose, INT131 provided significant improvements in glycemic control (HbA1c 0.8 ± 0.12; P &lt; 0.001 vs. placebo) but with less edema, weight gain, and hemodilution than observed with 45 mg pioglitazone.

CONCLUSIONS
INT131 demonstrated dose-dependent reductions in HbA1c, equivalent to 45 mg pioglitazone, but with less fluid accumulation and weight gain, consistent with its SPPARM design.
EVALUATION OF SPECTRAL AND PROSODIC FEATURES OF SPEECH AFFECTED BY ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES USING THE GMM CLASSIFIER
Authors: Přibil Jiří , Přibilová Anna , Ďuračkoá Daniela 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The paper describes our experiment with using the Gaussian mixture models (GMM) for classification of speech uttered by a person wearing orthodontic appliances. For the GMM classification, the input feature vectors comprise the basic and the complementary spectral properties as well as the supra-segmental parameters. Dependence of classification correctness on the number of the parameters in the input feature vector and on the computation complexity is also evaluated. In addition, an influence of the initial setting of the parameters for GMM training process was analyzed. Obtained recognition results are compared visually in the form of graphs as well as numerically in the form of tables and confusion matrices for tested sentences uttered using three configurations of orthodontic appliances.
CONTINUOUS FIREFLY ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL TUNING OF PID CONTROLLER IN AVR SYSTEM
Authors: Bendjeghaba Omar 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This paper presents a tuning approach based on Continuous firefly algorithm (CFA) to obtain the proportional-integral- derivative (PID) controller parameters in Automatic Voltage Regulator system (AVR). In the tuning processes the CFA is iterated to reach the optimal or the near optimal of PID controller parameters when the main goal is to improve the AVR step response characteristics. Conducted simulations show the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed approach. Furthermore the proposed approach can improve the dynamic of the AVR system. Compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO), the new CFA tuning method has better control system performance in terms of time domain specifications and set-point tracking.