bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Principles and management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s dementia
Authors: Nowrangi Milap A , Lyketsos Constantine G , Rosenberg Paul B 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNeuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (NPS-AD) are highly prevalent and lead to poor medical and functional outcomes. In spite of the burdensome nature of NPS-AD, we are continuing to refine the nosology and only beginning to understand the underlying pathophysiology. Cluster analyses have frequently identified three to five subsyndromes of NPS-AD: behavioral dysfunction (for example, agitation/aggressiveness), psychosis (for example, delusions and hallucinations), and mood disturbance (for example, depression or apathy). Recent neurobiological studies have used new neuroimaging techniques to elucidate behaviorally relevant circuits and networks associated with these subsyndromes. Several fronto-subcortical circuits, cortico-cortical networks, and neurotransmitter systems have been proposed as regions and mechanisms underlying NPS-AD. Common to most of these subsyndromes is the broad overlap of regions associated with the salience network (anterior cingulate and insula), mood regulation (amygdala), and motivated behavior (frontal cortex). Treatment strategies for dysregulated mood syndromes (depression and apathy) have primarily targeted serotonergic mechanisms with antidepressants or dopaminergic mechanisms with psychostimulants. Psychotic symptoms have largely been targeted with anti-psychotic medications despite controversial risk/benefit tradeoffs. Management of behavioral dyscontrol, including agitation and aggression in AD, has encompassed a wide range of psychoactive medications as well as non-pharmacological approaches. Developing rational therapeutic approaches for NPS-AD will require a firmer understanding of the underlying etiology in order to improve nosology as well as provide the empirical evidence necessary to overcome regulatory and funding challenges to further study these debilitating symptoms.
Hop-by-hop traffic-aware routing to congestion control in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Gholipour Majid , Haghighat Abolfazl Toroghi , Meybodi Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
One of the major challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) research is to prevent traffic congestion without compromising with the energy of the sensor nodes. Network congestion leads to packet loss, throughput impairment, and energy waste. To address this issue in this paper, a distributed traffic-aware routing scheme with a capacity of adjusting the data transmission rate of nodes is proposed for multi-sink wireless sensor networks that effectively distribute traffic from the source to sink nodes. Our algorithm is designed through constructing a hybrid virtual gradient field using depth and normalized traffic loading to routing and providing a balance between optimal paths and possible congestion on routes toward those sinks. The simulation results indicate that the proposed solution can improve the utilization of network resources, reduce unnecessary packet retransmission, and significantly improve the performance of WSNs.
Unobtrusive and comprehensive health screening using an intelligent toilet system
Authors: Schlebusch Thomas , Fichtner Wolfgang , Mertig Michael , Leonhardt Steffen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHome monitoring is a promising technology to deal with the increasing amount of chronically ill patients while ensuring quality of medical care. Most systems available today depend on a high degree of interaction between the user and the device. Especially for people relying on advanced levels of care, this scheme is impracticable. In this paper, we are presenting an “intelligent toilet” performing an extensive health check while being as simple to use as a conventional toilet. The main focus of the system is to support the treatment of diabetes and chronic heart failure, but additional applications are possible.
Political Advertising in 2014: The Year of the Outside Group
Authors: Fowler Erika Franklin , Ridout Travis N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe volume of televised political advertising plateaued in 2014, as did levels of negativity. Yet the most interesting story about this advertising was the extensive involvement of outside groups, many of which did not disclose their donors. In many of the most competitive Senate races, groups surpassed the parties – and sometimes even the candidates – as the primary sponsors of political advertising. We speculate on what these patterns from 2014 are likely to mean for advertising in 2016.
Still Crazy after All These Years: The Polarized Politics of the Roberts Court Continue
Authors: Clayton Cornell W. , Salamone Michael F. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article examines the Roberts Court and its relationship to the Obama administration following the 2014 midterm election. We begin by analyzing how the Court has been structured by electoral politics during the past 40 years, arguing that the Court’s more conservative, divided, and polarized decision-making reflects the politics of the post-1968 electoral regime. We then consider the impact of the 2014 midterm election. Republican control of the Senate will constrain the president’s ability to shape the federal courts going forward. It will most likely leave the composition of the current Supreme Court intact, leave Justice Kennedy as the pivotal swing vote, while elevating the Court as a campaign issue in the 2016 presidential election.
Homogeneous Sono-Fenton Process: Statistical Modeling and Global Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Căilean Daniela , Ungureanu Florina , Teodosiu Carmen 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to obtain and validate a mathematical model to describe a complex homogeneous Sono-Fenton (HSF) process used for the removal of 4-chlorophenol model pollutant from aqueous effluents. The investigated process parameters (acoustic amplitude, power density depending on the surface of the tip, initial pollutant concentration and time) serve as input parameters for the statistical modeling, while the output parameters considered are the final pollutant concentration and energy delivered to the sample. The accuracy of the models is analyzed by the values of the determination coefficients and by graphical tools available in MATLAB software such as: the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (KS test), the graphical sensitivity tools, e.g. contribution to the sample mean (CSM) and variance (CSV) plots. The robustness of the model is also analyzed by global sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the optimum set of operating conditions are determined by using the nlintool function.
Nucleation of Carbon Monoxide Gas Bubbles in Electromagnetically Levitated Molten Iron Drops
Authors: Robertson David G. C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDr El-Kaddah used the electromagnetic levitation technique in a number of experimental studies on gas–liquid metal reactions and “containerless melting”. He also studied the electromagnetic levitation process itself, using computer simulation. This paper will discuss two phenomena that Dr El-Kaddah worked on that are still unresolved today – gas bubble nucleation in liquid metals and the degree of mixing in levitated drops.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fontela Paula Caitano , Winkelmann Eliane Roseli , Ott Joice Nedel , Uggeri Douglas Prestes 
Published: January 2015

Objective: to estimate the glomerular filtration using the Cockcroft-Gault (CG), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations, and serum creatinine in the screening of reduced renal function in patients with type two diabetes (T2DM) enrolled in the Family Health Strategy (ESF, Brazilian federal health-care program). Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted. The protocol consisted of sociodemographics, physical examination and biochemical tests. Renal function was analyzed through serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated according to the CG, MDRD and CKD-EPI equations, available on the websites of the Brazilian Nephrology Society (SBN) and the (NKF). Results: 146 patients aged 60.9±8.9 years were evaluated; 64.4% were women. The prevalence of serum creatinine >1.2 mg/dL was 18.5% and GFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2 totaled 25.3, 36.3 and 34.2% when evaluated by the equations CG, MDRD and CKD-EPI, respectively. Diabetic patients with reduced renal function were older, had long-term T2DM diagnosis, higher systolic blood pressure and higher levels of fasting glucose, compared to diabetics with normal renal function. Creatinine showed strong negative correlation with the glomerular filtration rate estimated using CG, MDRD and CKD-EPI (-0.64, -0.87, -0.89) equations, respectively. Conclusion: the prevalence of individuals with reduced renal function based on serum creatinine was lower, reinforcing the need to follow the recommendations of the SBN and the National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP) in estimating the value of the glomerular filtration rate as a complement to the results of serum creatinine to better assess the renal function of patients.
Influence of differences in the hardness and calcium content of diets on the growth of craniofacial bone in rats
Authors: Goto Shota , Fujita Yuko , Hotta Maika , Sugiyama Ayako , Maki Kenshi 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To examine the effects of a soft diet and a low-calcium diet on the craniofacial growth and bone architectures of the maxilla and mandible.

Materials and Methods:
Male rats (n  =  20, 3 weeks old) were divided into four groups. Ten rats were given a normal-calcium diet, and the other rats were given a low-calcium diet. Each group was then divided into two subgroups, which were fed a hard or a soft diet. After 4 weeks, craniofacial growth and architecture in maxillary and mandibular bone were analyzed using cephalometry, micro-computed tomography, and histopathology.

Results:
The low-calcium diet had no effect on serum calcium levels. The low-calcium diet had the greatest effect on craniofacial bone growth, while the soft diet affected the growth of several bone sites that are attached to the masseter muscle. A low-calcium diet resulted in the deterioration of the connectivity of the trabeculae in the furcation region of the maxillary and mandibular first molar, while a soft diet resulted in the diffuse disappearance of trabeculae in the central part of the furcation regions. In the midpalatal suture, a low-calcium diet resulted in inhibition of cartilaginous ossification, although the midpalatal suture had a normal cartilaginous structure. A soft diet resulted in narrower cartilage cell layers in the midpalatal suture.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated that a low-calcium diet and a soft diet resulted in a deterioration of bone structures in both the maxilla and in the mandible; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects differed between diets.
Expression of monocarboxylate transporters I and IV and the ancillary protein CD147 in the intestinal tract of healthy horses and ponies
Authors: Mykkänen Anna K. , Niku Mikael , Ilves Mika , Koho Ninna M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) 1 and 4 and the ancillary protein CD147 in the intestinal tract of healthy equids and determine the cellular location of CD147 in the intestinal epithelium.
ANIMALS 12 healthy horses and ponies slaughtered for meat production or euthanized for reasons unrelated to gastrointestinal tract disease.
PROCEDURES The entire gastrointestinal tract was removed from each equid within 45 minutes after slaughter or euthanasia. Tissue samples were obtained from the antimesenteric side of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, middle part of the cecum, sternal flexure of the ventral colon, pelvic flexure, sternal flexure of the dorsal colon, and descending colon (small colon). Expressions of MCT1, MCT4, and the ancillary protein CD147 were examined in tissue samples from each of the 8 intestinal locations by means of quantitative PCR assay, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analyses.
RESULTS Expression of MCT1 was most abundant in the cecum and colonic sites, whereas expression of MCT4 was predominantly in the proximal section of the intestine (small intestinal sites and cecum). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that MCT1 and CD147 were present in the membranes of enterocytes (in crypts and villi).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The anatomic distribution of MCT1 and MCT4 in the equine intestinal tract determined in this study together with the previous knowledge of the sites of substrate absorption indicated that MCT1 might predominantly contribute to the uptake of short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine and MCT4 might predominantly contribute to the uptake of lactate in the small intestine.
Diagnosis of Discrete-Time Singularly Perturbed Systems Based on Slow Subsystem
Authors: Tellili Adel , Abdelkrim Nouceyba , Jaouadi Bahaa , Abdelkrim Mohamed Naceur 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with the diagnosis of discrete-time singularly perturbed systems presenting two time scales property. Parity space method is considered to generate the fault detection residual. The focus is in two directions. First, we discuss the residual illconditioning caused by the singular perturbation parameter. Then, the use of the slow subsystem is considered to make the fault diagnosis easier. It is shown that the designed diagnostic algorithm based on reduced order model is close to the one synthesized using the full order system. The developed approach aims at reducing the computational load and the ill-conditioning for stiff residual generation problem. Two examples of application are used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Numerical Analysis of Temperature Field in a Disc Brake at Different Cover Angle of the Pad
Authors: Grześ Piotr 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In the paper an influence of the cover angle of the pad on temperature fields of the components of the disc brake is studied. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of the pad-disc system was developed at the condition of equal temperatures on the contacting surfaces. Calculations were carried out for a single braking process at constant deceleration assuming that the contact pressure corresponds with the cover angle of the pad so that the moment of friction is equal in each case analysed. Evolutions and distributions of temperature both for the contact surface of the pad and the disc were computed and shown.
Non-Uniformity of the Combustor Exit Flow Temperature in Front of the Gas Turbine
Authors: Błachnio Józef , Pawlak Wojciech I. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Various types of damages to gas-turbine components, in particular to turbine blades, may occur in the course of gas turbine operation. The paper has been intended to discuss different forms of damages to the blades due to non-uniformity of the exit flow temperature. It has been shown that the overheating of blade material and thermal fatigue are the most common reasons for these damages. The paper presents results from numerical experiments with use of the computer model of the aero jet engine designed for simulations. The model has been purposefully modified to take account of the assumed non-homogeneity of the temperature field within the working agent at the turbine intake. It turned out that such non-homogeneity substantially affects dynamic and static properties of the engine considered as an object of control since it leads to a lag of the acceleration time and to increase in fuel consumption. The summarized simulation results demonstrate that the foregoing properties of a jet engine are subject to considerable deterioration in pace with gradual increase of the assumed non-homogeneity of the temperature field. The simulations made it possible to find out that variations of the temperature field nonhomogeneity within the working agent at the turbine intake lead to huge fluctuation of the turbine rpm for the idle run.
Cross-Correlation-Based Method vs. Classical Fft for Spectral Analysis of Impulse Response
Authors: Kotowski Adam 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The paper presents comparison of results of impulse response spectral analysis that has been obtained using a method based on cross-correlation with results obtained using classical FFT. The presented non-Fourier method is achieved by correlating the analyzed signal and reference single-harmonic signals and using Hilbert transform to obtain an envelope of cross-correlation. The envelope of crosscorrelation makes it possible to calculate appropriate indicator and make its plot in frequency domain as a spectrum. The spectrum obtained this way has its advantage over the FFT that the spectral resolution does not depend on duration of signal. At the same time, the spectral resolution can be much greater than spectral resolution resultant from FFT. Obtained results show that presented non-Fourier method gives frequency readout more accurate in comparison to FFT when the impulse response is a short-time signal e.g. few dozen of miliseconds lasting.
The Bases of Harmonization of Regulations on Food Production and Labeling in the Customs Union within the Eurasian Economic Community
Authors: Shamtsyan Mark 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) is an international economic organization created to effectively advance the process of forming a Customs Union and Common Economic Space by member states and also to implement other goals and objectives connected with the enhancement of integration in the economic and humanitarian spheres. One of the major challenges for the successful functioning of the common customs space of the members of the Customs Union, is the harmonization and unification of the legislation, including food legislation of the countries - members of the Customs Union. Unification of the legislation related to the labeling of food products will promote the trade and will ensure the awareness of the consumers.
The Nutritional Labeling of the Dairy Products in Romania, Tendencies and Perspectives
Authors: Iancu Ramona Maria , Ognean Mihai , Tita Mihaela-Adriana 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The main goal of the present essay is to improve the degree of information through more efficient labeling of the alimentary products. The observation method has been used for the establishment of the offer of milk and dairy products class on the Romanian market during 2013, and the investigation stage consisted of data collection from labels and their graphical interpretation. The 3 concern groups regarding the classification of the chosen products have been: Any special storage conditions and/or conditions of use, % of Saturated fat specified on product and % of Salt specified on product. The label of the products has to offer the consumer the necessary, sufficient, veritable and easy to compare information, which will allow them to chose their alimentary product according to their exigency, financial possibilities, to know the eventual risks they may be subject to, so that they will not be mislead.
Researches on Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Sheep and Cow Milk from Cristian Farm, Romania
Authors: Popa Ionuţ Radu , Tiţa Mihaela , Oprean Letiţia , Iancu Ramona , Lengyel Ecaterina , Frum Adina 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This study was conducted over a period of three month in the Cristian farm, Sibiu. For the physical, chemical and microbiological analyzes were taken a number of 15 samples per month. From physico-chemical point of view the content evolution of fat, not fat solid substance, density, protein, freezing point, temperature, lactose, conductivity, pH, water addition was followed. Samples were analyzed using the milk analyzer Ekomilk Total of the Research Centre in Biotechnology and Microbiology of the "Lucian Blaga" University. The microbiological contamination of milk was done by determining the total number of bacteria and coliform bacteria. From microbiological point of view it was observed that these conditions are largely met, but a more rigorous control on the cleanliness of utensils and of the staff is required.
On Characterizations of Randomly Censored Generalized Exponential Distribution
Authors: Hamedani G.G. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The problem of characterizing a distribution is an important problem which has recently attracted the attention of many researchers. Thus, various characterizations have been established in many different directions. An investigator will be vitally interested to know if their model fits the requirements of a particular distribution. To this end, one will depend on the characterizations of this distribution which provide conditions under which the underlying distribution is indeed that particular distribution. In this work, several characterizations of Randomly Censored Generalized Exponential (RCGE) distribution are presented. These characterizations are based on: ( i) conditional expectation of certain functions of the random variable , (ii ) a single function of the random variable, ( iii) the hazard function of the random variable.
Sterben in Würde
Authors: Marschütz Gerhard 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
To die in dignity is often understood as a personal right to independently determine the time and the way of one’s own death, assuming dignity as a quality of life that wouldn’t exist in serious illness or in the final stage of life. On the contrary and from a traditional point of view dignity belongs to a person’s being that can never get lost and hence has to be respected also at the end of life. For that reason, from a catholic point of view a voluntary euthanasia as a deliberate killing of a person is definitely rejected. However, a so-called ‘aggressive medical treatment’ must be avoided because it doesn’t accept the actual situation of death and only causes a pointless extension of life. Nevertheless, the palliative care is essential to provide people even in their final lifetime with quality of life and to help them with the personal acceptance of death.
Einander wahr-nehmen
Authors: Klein Renate Andrea 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article is a plea for a non-biblical approach to biblical texts, the so called “Rezeptionsästhetik” (aesthetics of reception). Important points of this approach are reading biblical texts as fictional (poetic) texts and the reader’s role in decoding the texts according to his “encyclopaedia”. Using aesthetics of reception in interpreting Bible texts can contribute to the better acceptance of different points of view on the same scripture passage and to more respect and understanding between the different religious traditions concerning biblical interpretation.
Alternation vs. Allomorphic Variation in Old English Word-Formation: Evidence from the Derivational Paradigm of Strong Verbs
Authors: Urraca Carmen Novo , Fernández Laura Pesquera 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article addresses the question of Old English alternations with a view to identifying instances of allomorphic variation attributable to the loss of motivation and the subsequent morphologization of alternations. The focus is on the strong verb and its derivatives, in such a way that the alternations in which the strong verb partakes can be predicted on the basis of phonological principles, whereas allomorphic variation with respect to the strong verb base is unpredictable. Out of 304 derivational paradigms based on strong verbs and comprising 4,853 derivatives, 478 instances have been found of phonologically motivated vocalic alternations. The conclusion is reached that the most frequent alternations are those that have /a/ as source and those with /y/ as target, because /a/ is the point of departure of i-mutation and /y/ its point of arrival. Sixteen instances of allomorphic variation have also been found, of which /e/ ~ /eo/, /e/ ~ /ea/ and /i/ ~ /e/ are relatively frequent.