bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous bevacizumab for complications of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a review of the literature
Authors: Arizmendez Natalia P. , Rudmik Luke , Poetker David M. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a multisystem disease that is marked by mutations regulating vasculature formation. Epistaxis is the most commonly reported symptom, but gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia, hepatic issues, and pulmonary disease are also common. There is a growing body of evidence in the literature concerning using the monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bevacizumab, in patients with HHT. This treatment is gaining support for managing HHT because it directly inhibits the VEGF proteins that can be elevated as a result of the HHT mutations. We reviewed the current literature on the outcomes from intravenous bevacizumab treatment for HHT with a focus on epistaxis outcomes.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed using Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. English citations, both national and international, were reviewed and filtered for relevance.ResultsEighteen studies were included in this review. The majority of citations were case reports. All studies reported improvements. Specifically, 14 reported improvements in epistaxis, and 11 reported hemoglobin improvement following intravenous (IV) bevacizumab. Lack of uniformity in data presentation prevented a meta‐analysis.ConclusionThis is the first systematic review analyzing the data involving HHT patients treated with bevacizumab. The results show that patients treated with bevacizumab have global improvements as well as specific improvements in hemoglobin levels. Although all of the studies reported improvements, there are several limitations, including inconsistencies in outcome reporting. A large, randomized, controlled study is needed to further investigate hemorrhage and epistaxis outcomes in HHT patients treated with intravenous bevacizumab.
Conflict‐free time‐based trajectory planning for aircraft taxi automation with refined taxiway modeling
Authors: Zhang Tianci , Ding Meng , Wang Bangfeng , Chen Qian 
Published: July 2015

SummaryTo mitigate airport congestion caused by increasing air traffic demand, the trajectory‐based surface operations concept has been proposed to improve surface movement efficiency while maintaining safety. It utilizes decision support tools to provide optimized time‐based trajectories for each aircraft and uses automation systems to guide surface movements and monitor their conformance with assigned trajectories. Whether the time‐based trajectories can be effectively followed so that the expected benefits can be guaranteed depends firstly on whether these trajectories are realistic. So, this paper first deals with the modeling biases of the network model typically used for taxi trajectory planning via refined taxiway modeling. Then it presents a zone control‐based dynamic routing and timing algorithm upon the refined taxiway model to find the shortest time taxi route and timings for an aircraft. Finally, the presented algorithm is integrated with a sequential planning framework to continuously decide taxi routes and timings. Experimental results demonstrate that the solution time for an aircraft can be steadily around a few milliseconds with timely cleaning of expired time windows, showing potential for real‐time decision support applications. The results also show the advantages of the proposed methodology over existing approaches. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanoluminescence properties of SrAl2O4:Eu2+ phosphor by combustion synthesis
Authors: Bisen D. P. , Sharma R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, europium‐doped strontium aluminate (SrAl2O4:Eu2+) phosphors were synthesized using a combustion method with urea as a fuel at 600°C. The phase structure, particle size, surface morphology and elemental analysis were studied using X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The EDX and FTIR spectra confirm the elements present in the SrAl2O4:Eu2+ phosphor. The optical properties of SrAl2O4:Eu2+ phosphors were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) and mechanoluminescence (ML). The excitation and emission spectra showed a broad band with peaks at 337 and 515 nm, respectively. The ML intensities of SrAl2O4:Eu2+ phosphor increased proportionally with the increase in the height of the mechanical load, which suggests that this phosphor could be used in stress sensors. The CIE colour chromaticity diagram and ML spectra confirm that the SrAl2O4:Eu2+ phosphor emitted green coloured light. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving O2/N2 Selective Filtration Using Carbon Nanotube‐Modified Mixed‐Matrix Membranes
Authors: Zeinali Sedigheh , Aryaeinezhad Mohammad 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA modified mixed‐matrix membrane (MMM) was designed in order to improve O2/N2 selective filtration. The fabricated MMM consist of purified and functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and polyethersulfone. Characterization of the prepared membranes and the functionalized MWCNT was done by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis methods. The permeabilities and selectivities of the membranes were improved using modified MWCNT as MMM filler. The effects of the solvent, the carbon nanotube types and dosage, the polymer dosage, the casting method, and the applied pressure in both the membrane fabrication and gas separation processes were investigated.
Hyaluronic Acid‐Gadolinium Complex Nanospheres as Lymphatic System‐Specific Contrast Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Wu Guangyu , Zhang Huajuan , Zhan Zufeng , Lu Qing , Cheng Jiejun , Xu Jianrong , Zhu Jun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA novel MRI contrast agent, hyaluronic acid gadolinium complex (HA‐Gd‐DTPA) nanospheres, is prepared by the synthesis of hyaluronic acid gadolinium complexes and their assembly. The physicochemical properties are characterized, and the lymphatic targeting in vitro and in vivo are also evaluated. The results show that the HA‐Gd‐DTPA nanospheres with suitable and stable physicochemical properties could be used for in vivo lymphatic targeting studies. Furthermore, the HA‐Gd‐DTPA nanospheres have obviously higher relaxation efficiency and MRI contrast between blood vessel and lymph vessel in rabbit than that of Magnevist. Thus, the novel MRI contrast agent can be taken up selectively by lymphatic system and used as a potential MRI contrast agents in lymphatic system.
Polystyrene microspheres enable 10‐color compensation for immunophenotyping of primary human leukocytes
Authors: Byrd Tiara , Carr Karen D. , Norman John C. , Huye Leslie , Hegde Meenakshi , Ahmed Nabil 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCompensation is a critical process for the unbiased analysis of flow cytometry data. Numerous compensation strategies exist, including the use of bead‐based products. The purpose of this study was to determine whether beads, specifically polystyrene microspheres (PSMS) compare to the use of primary leukocytes for single color based compensation when conducting polychromatic flow cytometry. To do so, we stained individual tubes of both PSMS and leukocytes with panel specific antibodies conjugated to fluorochromes corresponding to fluorescent channels FL1‐FL10. We compared the matrix generated by PSMS to that generated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Ideal for compensation is a sample with both a discrete negative population and a bright positive population. We demonstrate that PSMS display autofluorescence properties similar to PBMC. When comparing PSMS to PBMC for compensation PSMS yielded more evenly distributed and discrete negative and positive populations to use for compensation. We analyzed three donors' PBMC stained with our 10‐color T cell subpopulation panel using compensation generated by PSMS vs.PBMC and detected no significant differences in the population distribution. Panel specific antibodies bound to PSMS represent an invaluable valid tool to generate suitable compensation matrices especially when sample material is limited and/or the sample requires analysis of dynamically modulated or rare events. © 2015 The Authors. Cytometry Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flow cytometry analysis of CD4+IFN‐γ+ T‐cells for the diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Papageorgiou Chrysovalantis V. , Anastasopoulos Andreas , Ploussi Maria , Leventopoulos Michail , Karabela Simona , Fotiadis Kyriakos , Papavasileiou Apostolos , Vogiatzakis Evangelos , Ioakeimidis Dimitrios , Gritzapis Angelos D. , Poulakis Nikolaos 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundCD4+ cells expressing Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), following stimulation with specific mycobacterial antigens, identified with flow cytometry (FCM‐CD4+IFN‐γ+), is a new method for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of FCM‐CD4+IFN‐γ+ in comparison with tuberculin skin test (TST) and Quantiferon TB Gold In‐Tube (QFT‐G‐IT) in the diagnosis of latent MTB infection (LTBI), in close contacts and in patients with rheumatic diseases under treatment with anti‐TNFa and other biologic agents.MethodsTST, QFT‐G‐IT, and FCM‐CD4+IFN‐γ+ were performed in 56 immunocompetent close contacts and in 65 medically immunosuppressed patients under biologic treatment.ResultsIn close contacts, 63% were FCM‐CD4+IFN‐γ+ ESAT‐6(+), 70% FCM‐CD4+IFN‐γ+ PPD(+), 41% QFT‐G‐IT(+) and 57% TST(+). FCM‐CD4+IFN‐γ+ ESAT‐6 was the only test that was strongly correlated to the exposure time to infection. In the immunosuppressed group, 49% were FCM‐CD4+IFN‐γ+ ESAT‐6(+), 62% FCM‐CD4+IFN‐γ+ PPD(+), 4.6% QFT‐G‐IT(+), and 18% TST(+).ConclusionFCM‐CD4+IFN‐γ+ assays are more sensitive than QFT‐G‐IT and TST for the diagnosis of LTBI in close contacts and in immunosuppressed patients under anti‐TNF‐a treatment. FCM‐CD4+IFN‐γ+ is not affected by the chronic use of biologic agents. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Electrodeposition of Ni and Te‐doped Cobalt Triantimonide in Citrate Solutions
Authors: Vidu Ruxandra , Perez‐Page Maria , Quach Dat V. , Chen Xinyi Y. , Stroeve Pieter 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSkutterudite compounds form a new class of potential candidates for thermoelectric applications. Cobalt triantimonide (CoSb3) shows good thermoelectric properties at medium and high temperatures. Doping this system with substitution elements, for either Co or Sb or both, may result in an increase of the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT). This work focused on the electrochemical doping and characterization of films and nanowires of Co‐Sb system in citrate solutions using gold‐coated PCTE templates. The electrodeposition was performed on gold surface that was pre‐treated electrochemically to ensure reproducible results. The electrochemical treatment acted as an annealing process for the surface, which resulted in an increase in Au(111) as demonstrated by XRD. Detailed electrochemical studies including deposition‐stripping experiments was performed in order to develop a better understanding of the co‐deposition kinetics and a better control over the composition of doped Co‐Sb system. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS) helped study the morphology and the composition of the doped and undoped Co‐Sb system. Co‐deposition of Co‐Sb showed that the amount of Co is higher in nanowires than in film or mushroom caps due to the slow Sb deposition rate dictated by slow Sb(III) complex diffusion. Doped nanowires have been also obtained. Both Ni and Te electrochemical doping of the Co‐Sb system affected the composition of the deposit but there was no effect on nanowire morphology.
Is spectrum sharing in the radar bands commercially attractive?—a regulatory and business overview
Authors: Obregon Evanny , Sung Ki Won , Zander Jens 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe need to meet users' expectations in the ‘mobile data avalanche’ represents a significant challenge for mobile network operators. More spectrum is a natural way to meet these requirements in a cost and time‐efficient way, but new, exclusively licenced spectrum is increasingly hard to come by. Instead, vertical spectrum sharing has been discussed as a potential solution for finding additional spectrum. In this paper, we focus on vertical spectrum sharing in the radar bands for providing short‐range wireless access, for example, indoors and in hotspots that ‘offload’ traffic demand. We propose a methodology for analysing the technical, regulatory and business aspects of deploying large‐scale wireless networks. Then, we identify the following criteria for achieving business success: spectrum availability, availability of low‐cost end‐user devices, system scalability in terms of number of concurrently used devices and finally the ability to guarantee a quality of service for the users. Our technical availability assessment has identified geo‐location database as the necessary technical enabler and detect‐and‐avoid mechanism as an auxiliary enabler for improving sharing conditions. Moreover, licenced shared access was found to be the suitable regulatory framework to support the proposed sharing mechanism and regulatory policies in real‐life implementation. Our business feasibility assessment concludes that there is enough spectrum available for indoor and hotspots communication in urban areas in the radar bands to make a large‐scale system commercially viable. Service quality can be guaranteed, and there is a strong potential to construct low‐cost devices. Uncertainties do, however, remain regarding the spectrum access cost. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eurocode method for calculating the external steelwork temperature in fire; comparative studies
Authors: Silva Valdir Pignatta , Azevedo Macksuel Soares 
Published: July 2015

SummaryTo design a steel structure in fire is necessary to know its temperature. Using the data from many experimental fire tests, Margaret Law estimated the maximum temperature in a compartment (natural fire), the external heat transfer to steel elements and the maximum temperature value for steel. The Eurocode adopted her method, with minor adjustments. The method is very calculation intensive—it involves about 60 equations—too many for a quick hand calculation. Besides, while a distinction is made between steel members engulfed and not engulfed in flame, the method is not clear about partially engulfed members. The authors developed the software ExteelFire to determine the maximum temperature of external steel structures for buildings in fire based on the Eurocode method including the determination of the temperature of the partially engulfed elements. Aiming to ascertain the level of safety of the Eurocode method, the results from ExteelFire and a numerical analysis performed using Smartfire (CFD software for the fire model) and Super Tempcalc (finite element method, FEM, software for the thermal analysis) were compared. Furthermore, results from ExteelFire and from two full‐scale experimental tests (Dalmarnock and Ostrava) were contrasted. Based on the comparisons, the Eurocode method is conservative. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dispersion error reduction for acoustic problems using the smoothed finite element method (SFEM)
Authors: Yao Lingyun , Li Yunwu , Li Li 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe smoothed finite element method (SFEM), which was recently introduced for solving the mechanics and acoustic problems, uses the gradient smoothing technique to operate over the cell‐based smoothing domains. On the basis of the previous work, this paper reports a detailed analysis on the numerical dispersion error in solving two‐dimensional acoustic problems governed by the Helmholtz equation using the SFEM, in comparison with the standard finite element method. Owing to the proper softening effects provided naturally by the cell‐based gradient smoothing operations, the SFEM model behaves much softer than the standard finite element method model. Therefore, the SFEM can significantly reduce the dispersion error in the numerical solution. Results of both theoretical and numerical experiments will support these important findings. It is shown clearly that the SFEM suits ideally well for solving acoustic problems, because of the crucial effectiveness in reducing the dispersion error. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approximate score‐based testing with application to multivariate trait association analysis
Authors: Xu Zhiyuan , Pan Wei ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTFor genome‐wide association studies and DNA sequencing studies, several powerful score‐based tests, such as kernel machine regression and sum of powered score tests, have been proposed in the last few years. However, extensions of these score‐based tests to more complex models, such as mixed‐effects models for analysis of multiple and correlated traits, have been hindered by the unavailability of the score vector, due to either no output from statistical software or no closed‐form solution at all. We propose a simple and general method to asymptotically approximate the score vector based on an asymptotically normal and consistent estimate of a parameter vector to be tested and its (consistent) covariance matrix. The proposed method is applicable to both maximum‐likelihood estimation and estimating function‐based approaches. We use the derived approximate score vector to extend several score‐based tests to mixed‐effects models. We demonstrate the feasibility and possible power gains of these tests in association analysis of multiple and correlated quantitative or binary traits with both real and simulated data. The proposed method is easy to implement with a wide applicability.
Soil invertebrate community change over fuel-contaminated sites on a subantarctic island: An ecological field-based line of evidence for site risk assessment
Authors: Wasley Jane , Mooney Thomas J , King Catherine K 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A number of fuel spills, of both recent and historic origins, have occurred on World Heritage-listed subantarctic Macquarie Island. Sites contaminated by mainly diesel fuels are undergoing remediation by the Australian Antarctic Division. The risks posed by these sites are being managed using a “weight of evidence” approach, for which this study provides a preliminary line of evidence for the ecological assessment component of this site management decision framework. This knowledge is pertinent, given the absence of environmental guidelines for fuel contaminants in subantarctic ecosystems. We provide a field-based, site-specific ecological risk assessment for soil invertebrate communities across the fuel spill sites, before the commencement of in situ remediation activities. Springtails (Collembola) were the most abundant taxa. Springtail community patterns showed only limited correlations with the level of fuel contamination at the soil surface, even when elevated levels occurred in the substratum layers. Of the environmental variables measured, community patterns were most strongly correlated with vegetation cover. We identify a suite of 6 species that contribute most to the community dynamics across these sites. A subset of these we propose as useful candidates for future development of single-species toxicity tests: Folsomotoma punctata, Cryptopygus caecus, Cryptopygus antarcticus and Parisotoma insularis. Findings from this study advance our understanding of soil invertebrate community dynamics within these contaminated sites, directly contributing to the improved management and restoration of the sites. Not only does this study provide an important line of evidence for the island's ecological risk assessment for fuel contaminants, it also enhances our understanding of the potential impact of fuels at other subantarctic islands. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:306–314. © 2015 SETAC
Key Points
We present the first field-based assessment of invertebrate communities exposed to fuel contamination in the subantarctic, at the World Heritage-listed site of Macquarie Island. Invertebrate community patterns were correlated with environmental variables, predominantly vegetation cover, with only limited correlation with fuel contaminants, most likely due to low fuel concentrations in surface soils. Springtails were the most abundant taxa, and we recommend 4 species for single species toxicity test development: Folsomotoma punctata, Cryptopygus caecus, C. antarcticus, and Parisotoma insularis. Understanding soil invertebrate community dynamics and the ecological health of this ecosystem will inform and guide management and protection strategies at Macquarie Island, with broad applicability to other islands within the subantarctic region.
Structural and mechanical characterization of bioresorbable, elastomeric nanocomposites from poly(glycerol sebacate)/nanohydroxyapatite for tissue transport applications
Authors: Rosenbalm Tabitha N. , Teruel Maria , Day Cynthia S. , Donati George L. , Morykwas Michael , Argenta Louis , Kuthirummal Narayanan , Levi‐Polyachenko Nicole 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPoly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS)/nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) composites were assessed to develop new materials for closure via tissue transport for nonhealing defects (e.g., cleft palate and large skin wounds). The elastic shape memory polymer, PGS, was reinforced with nHA at 3 and 5% loading to increase the mechanical properties compared with the undoped PGS. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was utilized to identify a glass transition temperature (Tg) of −25°C. X‐ray diffraction demonstrated a reduction in the amorphous nature of the material. The Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectral (FTIR‐PAS) data showed decreased CO bonding and increased hydrogen bonding with increased nHA incorporation. Composites exhibited Young's moduli in the range of 0.25–0.5 MPa and tensile strength of 1.5–3 N. No significant difference in extension to break (∼50 mm) with addition of nHA was observed. The elastic modulus significantly increased for 5% PGS/nHA compared to 0 and 3% PGS/nHA and tensile strength significantly increased for 3% PGS/nHA compared to 0 and 5% PGS/nHA. Degradation of 5% nHA/PGS significantly increased during the second week compared to PGS 0 and 3% PGS/nHA. The accelerated degradation for 5% PGS/nHA coupled with decreased flexibility and tensile strength implies an interruption in crosslinking. By maintaining flexibility and extension while increasing tensile strength, the 3% PGS/nHA doped satisfied the force range desired for closure of soft tissue defects. Based on this work, PGS with 3% nHA shape memory polymers should serve as a good candidate for closure of nonhealing soft tissues. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1366–1373, 2016.