bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptorless and Base‐Free Dehydrogenation of Alcohols and Amines using Ruthenium‐Hydride Complexes
Authors: Muthaiah Senthilkumar , Hong Soon Hyeok 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn efficient, operatively simple, acceptorless, and base‐free dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols and nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds was achieved by using readily available ruthenium hydride complexes as precatalysts. The complex RuH2(CO)(PPh3)3 (1) and Shvo’s complex (2) showed excellent activities for the dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols and nitrogen containing heterocycles. In addition to complexes 1 and 2, the complex RuH2(PPh3)4 (3) also showed moderate to excellent activity for the acceptorless dehydrogenation of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds. Kinetic studies on the oxidation reaction of 1‐phenylethanol using complex 1 were carried out in the presence and the absence of external triphenylphosphine (PPh3). External addition of PPh3 had a negative influence on the rate of the reaction, which suggested that dissociation of PPh3 occurred during the course of the reaction. Hydrogen was evolved from the oxidation reaction of 1‐phenylethanol by using 1 mol% of 1 (88%) and 2 (92%), which demonstrated the possible usage of the catalytic systems in hydrogen generation.
Evidence for primary laryngeal inhalant allergy: a randomized, double‐blinded crossover study
Authors: Roth Douglas F. , Abbott Katherine Verdolini , Carroll Thomas L. , Ferguson Berrylin J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground:Despite anecdotal reports, no controlled studies to date link allergen exposure with a change in vocal function or dysphonia. The aim of this study was to determine whether allergen exposure in susceptible individuals impairs vocal function.Methods:The study was a prospective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in which subjects serve as their own controls. The participants were 5 inhalant allergic adults with suspected dysphonia from allergies, without evidence of reactive lower airways based on methacholine challenge. All subjects were exposed to 2 experimental conditions in which they were challenged with (1) orally inhaled diluent placebo on 1 day, and (2) orally inhaled allergen on another day. Conditions were randomly ordered across subjects and separated by at least 48 hours. Phonatory threshold pressure (PTP) at the 80th percentile pitch was measured prior to diluent and allergen challenge, and 15 and 60 minutes postchallenge to assess potential change in vocal function after challenge testing.Results:A repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect for treatment (allergen vs placebo, p = 0.013) with greater PTP required post–allergen challenge compared to placebo and an effect size of 0.821.Conclusion:A primary causal relationship between allergen exposure and impaired vocal function, as assessed by PTP, was observed in adults with documented allergy independent of asthma or nasal exposure. The current design establishes a safe model for laryngeal inhalant allergen challenge. © 2013 ARS–AAOA, LLC.
Identifying clinical symptoms for improving the symptomatic diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hsueh Wayne D. , Conley David B. , Kim Haena , Shintani‐Smith Stephanie , Chandra Rakesh K. , Kern Robert C. , Tan Bruce K. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundCurrent symptom criteria for identifying patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has poor specificity. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that symptoms drawn from the Task Force on Rhinosinusitis (RSTF) criteria and the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria for primary headaches can differentiate CRS patients from those with CRS‐symptoms but no evidence for inflammation (non‐CRS).MethodsA retrospective cohort study from a total of 140 charts of patients who received a diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scan for CRS symptoms in a tertiary care clinic. The study was conducted in 2 phases: (1) using a retrospective review of otolaryngologist‐documented symptoms (ODS) in the medical record; and (2) using patient‐reported symptoms (PRS) on a prospectively collected customized review of systems form from a separate cohort. A radiographic gold standard differentiated CRS from non‐CRS patients.ResultsSubjects in the CRS and non‐CRS group were matched for age and race and almost universally met symptomatic criteria as defined by the RSTF in both study phases. In both study phases, facial pain, but not facial pressure, was negatively predictive for CRS (p < 0.05). Similarly, hyposmia was positively predictive, whereas facial pain of a pulsating quality and photophobia were negatively predictive (p < 0.05), although analysis of PRS was significant only when symptom frequency was considered. Nonetheless, significant overlap exists between the prevalence and frequency of symptoms in both groups.ConclusionThe symptom‐based diagnosis of CRS is challenging but symptoms of hyposmia is positively predictive while facial pain, a throbbing quality, headaches and photophobia are negatively predictive and show promise for improving the specificity of CRS diagnosis. Further validation studies are needed.
Nanobasierte Energiegewinnung in autarken Mikro‐/Nanosystemen
Authors: Wang Zhong Lin , Wu Wenzhuo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGesundheit, Infrastruktur oder Umweltüberwachung sowie Vernetzungs‐ und Verteidigungstechnologien sind nur einige der potenziellen Anwendungsbereiche für Mikro‐/Nanosysteme (MNS). Dabei sollten die MNS unabhängig von einer externen Stromversorgung arbeiten, und ihre Energie aus der Umgebung beziehen, in der sie eingesetzt werden. Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit verschiedenen Ansätzen zur Energiegewinnung, um der zukünftigen Nachfrage nach autarken MNS gerecht zu werden.
Copper hexacyanoferrate–polymer composite beads for cesium ion removal: Synthesis, characterization, sorption, and kinetic studies
Authors: Dwivedi Charu , Kumar Amar , Singh Krishan Kant , Juby Ajish K. , Kumar Manmohan , Wattal Piaray Kishen , Bajaj Parma Nand 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA novel synthetic method for the preparation of different sorbent–polymer composite beads has been developed under simple laboratory conditions. Copper hexacyanoferrate was synthesized, and its composite beads of required size were synthesized by phase‐inversion technique, using polyethersulfone as the polymer matrix. Suitable size and mechanical stability, along with their spherical shape, make these composite beads most appropriate for column operation. The efficiency of these composite beads was tested for the removal of cesium, using radioanalytical techniques, in batch conditions. The effect of pH, the initial metal ion concentration, and contact time was also investigated. The synthesized beads perform best in the pH range 5–9. Different sorption isotherm models were applied to the experimental data. Equilibrium data are represented well by the Langmuir isotherm equation, with a monolayer sorption capacity of 1.56 mg g−1 for the swollen beads. Kinetic modeling analysis, by fitting the data in the pseudo first‐order, pseudo second‐order, and intraparticle diffusion equations, shows that the pseudo second‐order equation is the most appropriate model for the description of sorption of cesium ions onto the composite beads. The process mechanism is found to be complex, consisting of both intraparticle diffusion and film diffusion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Potassium methyl siliconate‐treated pulp fibers and their effects on wood plastic composites: Water sorption and dimensional stability
Authors: Piao Cheng , Cai Zhiyong , Stark Nicole M. , Monlezun Charles J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPotassium methyl siliconate (PMS) was investigated as a new nano modifier of wood fiber and wood flour to improve the compatibility between the fiber/flour and the plastic matrix in fiber reinforced plastic composites. Before injection molding, bleached and brown pulp fibers and mixed species wood flour were pretreated in PMS solutions. The morphology of the treated and untreated fiber and flour, the compatibility of PMS‐treated fiber and flour with polyethylene (PE), and the water sorption and volumetric swell of PMS‐treated fiber/flour plastic composites in a long‐term soaking test were evaluated. Fiber and flour treated with PMS increased the compatibility between the fiber/flour and the PE matrix. The increased compatibility of PMS‐treated fiber and flour with the matrix contributed to the reduction of water sorption and, thus, increased dimensional stability. For all composites, water sorption and volumetric swell of fiber/four plastic composites decreased as the ratio of fiber to flour increased. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Patterns and impacts of fish bycatch in a scallop dredge fishery
Authors: Craven Helen R. , Brand Andrew R. , Stewart Bryce D. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Dredging for marine bivalves can cause considerable damage to benthic invertebrates and habitats. However, it is largely unknown how dredging affects fish communities. In this study patterns and impacts of fish bycatch in scallop dredges around the Isle of Man, in the north Irish Sea, were investigated by analysing data from fisheries‐independent surveys conducted between 1992 and 2005.
Almost all (97.6%) tows of the survey gear generated fish bycatch, with a total of approximately 50 species recorded. Cuckoo ray (Leucoraja naevus) and monkfish (Lophius piscatorius) dominated the bycatch, accounting for 46.82% of the total. Three other species of particular commercial or ecological interest; lemon sole (Microstomus kitt), plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus caniculus), were also abundant. Most of the cuckoo ray, monkfish and plaice captured were juveniles, whereas lesser spotted dogfish and lemon sole were a mixture of juveniles and adults.
In general, rates of fish bycatch appeared low, but this may be at least partly because background fish densities around the Isle of Man were also low. There was considerable spatial, temporal, and species‐specific variation in fish bycatch, and the finer meshed dredges traditionally used to catch queen scallops (Aequipecten opercularis), caught significantly more fish than the great scallop (Pecten maximus) dredges.
The density of lesser spotted dogfish bycatch increased significantly over the 14 years of the study whereas the density of monkfish decreased significantly. These patterns appear to reflect differences in the susceptibility of the two species to capture and damage by scallop dredging, and/or have been caused by regional trends in stock levels. An assessment of the impact of the local great scallop dredge fishery indicated that it may be catching substantial numbers of monkfish.
Given the recent expansion of scallop dredging around the UK, such effects should be factored into ecosystem‐based management plans.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TFPI‐2 Downregulates Multidrug Resistance Protein in 5‐FU‐Resistant Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma BEL‐7402/5‐FU Cells
Authors: Lu Fei , Hou Yong‐Qiang , Song Ying , Yuan Zheng‐Jiang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTissue factor pathway inhibitor‐2 (TFPI‐2) is known to induce apoptosis and to suppress tumor metastasis in several types of cancer cells. However, there is little known about its reversal effect on chemoresistant tumor cells. This study investigated the effect of TFPI‐2 in 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐resistant human hepatocellular cancer BEL‐7402/5‐FU cells in vitro. We constructed TFPI‐2 overexpression BEL‐7402/5‐FU cell lines and explored resistance index (RI) of 5‐FU, function of the P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) efflux pump, and the mRNA and protein expression of drug resistance gene, including multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), lung‐resistance protein (LRP), multidrug resistance‐associated protein (MRP1), glutathione‐S‐transferase‐π (GST‐π), excision repair cross‐complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), and p38 phosphorylation. We found that TFPI‐2 improved the RI of 5‐FU and inhibited P‐gp function. Western blotting and real‐time PCR revealed that TFPI‐2 also decreased mRNA and protein expression of MDR1, LRP, MRP1, GST‐π, and ERCC1, whereas p38 phosphorylation was increased. We considered that TFPI‐2 reduces 5‐FU resistance in BEL‐7402/5‐FU cells, and the mechanism appears to involve p38‐mediated downregulation of drug resistance gene expression such as MDR1, LRP, MRP1, GST‐π, and ERCC1. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Entwicklung eines Prüfplans für Bewehrungen für Textilbeton
Authors: Eckers Vera , Gries Thomas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBeim Bauen mit dem ressourcenschonenden Werkstoff Textilbeton werden gitterartige Textilstrukturen als Bewehrung eingesetzt. Es existieren bereits zahlreiche praktische Anwendungsbeispiele sowohl im Bereich der Bauwerkssanierung als auch für Neubauten mit Textilbeton [1–7]. Die Wahl der Bewehrung hängt hierbei von der Bauteilgeometrie, der Belastung und der Art der Bauteilherstellung ab. Je nach Fall sind unterschiedliche Kennwerte der Materialien notwendig, um die richtige Auswahl des Textils treffen zu können. Weiterhin werden zusätzliche Kennwerte relevant, wenn die Textilien für die Bauteilbemessung oder die Abbildung in numerischen Simulationen verwendet werden sollen. In diesem Artikel werden die verschiedenen textilen Prüfungen, die sowohl für die Qualitätssicherung im Handel als auch für die Simulation notwendig werden können, beschrieben und es wird der Nutzen der jeweiligen Kenngröße erläutert. In dem vorgeschlagenen Prüfplan werden durchzuführende Prüfungen empfohlen und geeignete Prüfparameter genannt.Development of a test plan for concrete reinforcementsWhen building with the resource conserving material textile reinforced concrete, open meshed structures are used. Several examples of use exist both in the field of rehabilitation and in new construction [1–7]. The choice of the reinforcement depends on the geometry of the part, the loading and the manufacturing method. Different geometries and manufacturing methods require textiles with different characteristics. Furthermore, additional textile characteristic properties are required for the dimensioning and for computer‐based simulation. In this article different textile characterization test methods are presented that can be important for both, quality assurance and simulation. The benefit of each characteristic is explained. The proposed test plan not only outlines the test methods to be conducted but also includes appropriate test parameters.
Digitale Nahbereichsphotogrammetrie im bautechnischen Versuchswesen
Authors: Maas Hans‐Gerd 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDer Beitrag stellt die Grundprinzipien der Nahbereichsphotogrammetrie und einige Anwendungsbeispiele im bautechnischen Versuchswesen vor. Das Ziel der Photogrammetrie ist die messtechnische Auswertung von Bilddaten mit hoher Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit. Ein entscheidender Vorteil des Einsatzes photogrammetrischer Verfahren liegt in der Möglichkeit simultaner Messungen an einer großen Anzahl von Messpunkten. Durch stereoskopische Aufnahme können aus mehreren Aufnahmen eines Objekts dreidimensionale Informationen gewonnen werden, und durch die Anwendung von Bildverarbeitungsverfahren lassen sich Messabläufe weitestgehend automatisieren. Dank Subpixeloperatoren der Bildverarbeitung in Kombination mit einer strengen geometrischen Modellierung können auch beim Einsatz preiswerter Kameras hohe Genauigkeiten in vollautomatischen Messsystemen erzielt werden.On the potential of photogrammetric techniques in civil engineering material testingPhotogrammetry is a technique to derive metric information from images with high precision and reliability. The paper presents the fundamentals and some application examples of close range photogrammetry in civil engineering material testing. A clear advantage of photogrammetric techniques is in the fact that it allows for simultaneous measurements at a large number of positions in an image. Processing stereoscopic images, 3D object information can be obtained. Subpixel accuracy image processing operators together with strict geometric sensor modeling allows for obtaining high accuracies in fully automatic measurement systems based on off‐the‐shelf camera components.
Zyklisch belastete Betonstrukturen
Authors: Urban Susanne , Strauss Alfred , Macho Werner , Bergmeister Konrad , Dehlinger Christian , Reiterer Michael 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBei Ermüdungsnachweisen von Betonstrukturen, vor allem im Bereich Offshore, wird die schrittweise Degradation von Materialparametern oftmals nicht berücksichtigt. Eine Auswirkung dieser Schädigung des Materials in Teilbereichen des Betonquerschnitts in Abhängigkeit des Belastungszustands ist eine Spannungsumlagerung innerhalb des Querschnitts und somit die Verlängerung der theoretischen Nutzungsdauer der Betonstruktur. Beton wird in seinen Eigenschaften mithilfe von Materialparametern näher bestimmt. Ein sehr wichtiger Materialparameter ist der E‐Modul, auch Elastizitätskoeffizient genannt. Ein Weg, die Schädigung des Materials in einer FE‐Analyse zu berücksichtigen, ist die schrittweise Anpassung und Minimierung des E‐Moduls. Um ein Bauwerk zu bemessen, seinen internen Spannungsverlauf oder sein Verformungsverhalten vorherzusagen, ist es somit von großer Wichtigkeit, diesen Parameter genau zu bestimmen, seine Veränderung mit der Zeit und aufgrund seiner Belastungshistorie zu kennen. In diesem Beitrag wird zusätzlich zur Robustheits‐ und Redundanz‐Definition auch eine Lebenszeitberechnung des Strabag‐Testfundaments in Cuxhaven nach Model Code 1990 für die geplanten Ermüdungsversuche mit realistisch verändertem E‐Modul ausgeführt. An der Fallstudie Cuxhaven wird mithilfe eines linearen, iterativen Modellbildungsprozesses die Nutzung der Robustheit des Systems für die Verlängerung der verbleibenden Nutzungsdauer gezeigt.Concrete structures under cyclic loading – robustness and redundancy considerations for residual lifetime optimizationConcerning fatigue analysis of concrete structures, especially in offshore areas, the continuous degradation of material parameters is not taken into account. One effect of the damaged material structure in parts of the concrete cross section is the stress redistribution from highly loaded (damaged) areas to low loaded (undamaged) areas and therefore an elongation of the theoretical residual service life. Concrete is described by the use of material parameters. A very important parameter is the E‐modulus, also called the modulus of elasticity. A possibility to consider the degradation process within the material concrete is the gradual adaption and minimization of the E‐modulus. In order to analyze and dimension a structure, to predict the internal stress distribution and deflection behavior, it is very important to specify this parameter and to know the variation according loading history and time.In addition to robustness and redundancy definition given in this article, a life time calculation of the Strabag gravity base test foundation in Cuxhaven according Model Code 1990 for the planned fatigue tests with realistic reduction of E‐Modulus is performed. Concerning the case study “Cuxhaven” the use of system robustness in order to extend the residual service life is been demonstrated by means of a linear iterative modeling process.
Textilbeton – Ausgeführte Projekte im Überblick
Authors: Ehlig Daniel , Schladitz Frank , Frenzel Michael , Curbach Manfred 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn den vergangenen 15 Jahren lag im deutschen Bauwesen ein Forschungsschwerpunkt auf dem Verbundmaterial Textilbeton. 2011 endete die Finanzierung der durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderten Sonderforschungsbereiche an der TU Dresden (SFB 528) und an der RWTH Aachen (SFB 532). Im Zuge dieser Forschungsarbeiten entstanden bereits erste Pilotbauwerke, die das hohe Potenzial von Textilbeton demonstrieren. Besonders im Bereich filigraner Neubauteile und der Verstärkung bestehender Tragwerke konnten mit dünnen Schichten aus Textilbeton unter Ausnutzung seiner hohen Zugtragfähigkeit Ansätze für eine wirtschaftliche Alternative zu konventionellen Bauweisen aufgezeigt werden. Um die Verbundwerkstoffe für ein breites Anwendungsfeld nutzbar zu machen, lag der Fokus in den vergangenen Jahren auf der anwendungsorientierten Forschung in Zusammenarbeit mit Firmen der Bauwirtschaft. So sind beispielsweise im Bereich der Fassadenelemente kleinformatige Platten aus Textilbeton heute bereits Stand der Technik. Auch für Brückenkonstruktionen, Tragwerksverstärkungen und großformatige Bauteile wie Balkonbodenplatten oder tragende Schalenkonstruktionen konnte die hohe Leistungsfähigkeit von Textilbeton ausgenutzt werden.Textile concrete – an overview of executed projectsIn Germany, a research focus was on the composite material textile reinforced concrete (TRC) in the last 15 years. In 2011 two Collaborative Research Centres (SFBs), SFB 528 at the TU Dresden and the SFB 532 at the RWTH Aachen, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) were successfully completed. Within the research projects, pilot buildings have already been developed to demonstrate the high potential of textile reinforced concrete. Particularly in the field of strengthening of existing structures and thin walled new components, thin constructions with a high tensile bearing capacity provide a cost‐effective alternative to conventional construction methods. With the aim of applying the material in a wide range of fields, numerous different research projects were realised in collaboration with companies from the construction industry in the last years. For instance small‐sized slabs made of textile reinforced concrete are already the state‐of‐the‐art in the field of facade panels. Furthermore, the high effectiveness of textile reinforced concrete could be shown for the strengthening of existing structures, bridge constructions and large‐sized components such as balcony floor slabs or bearing shell structures.
The limbal epithelium of the eye – A review of limbal stem cell biology, disease and treatment
Authors: Osei‐Bempong Charles , Figueiredo Francisco C. , Lako Majlinda 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe limbus is a narrow band of tissue that encircles the cornea, the transparent ‘window’ into the eye. The outermost layer of the cornea is the epithelium, which is necessary for clear vision. The limbus acts as a ‘reservoir’ for limbal stem cells which maintain and regenerate the corneal epithelium. It also functions as a barrier to the conjunctiva and its blood vessels. Limbal stem cell deficiency is a general term for diseases which are characterised by the impairment of the limbus, limbal stem cells and their ability to replenish the corneal epithelium through proliferation and differentiation. Consequently, sufferers experience chronic pain and progressive blindness. This paper will highlight the salient milestones of limbal stem cell biology and potential future treatments for limbal stem cell deficiency.
Revisiting flow‐chemiluminescence techniques: pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Iranifam Mortaza 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe state of the art in flow‐chemiluminescence (flow‐CL) technique for automated pharmaceutical analysis is reviewed. Flow‐CL approaches have become powerful and promising tools for pharmaceutical screening in recent years due to their simplicity, low cost and high sensitivity. Because of these advantages, these methods have been widely used for pharmaceutical analysis in recent years. The literature reviewed covers papers of analytical interest that appeared between 2007 and mid‐2012 and have been divided into several sections based on fundamental types of CL systems employed. Furthermore, entries have been summarized alphabetically in tabular form giving details of analytical figures of merit of the methods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.