bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomic and Visual Outcomes of 23-G Vitrectomy without Scleral Buckling for Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Figueroa Marta S. , Contreras Inés , Noval Susana ,   PACORES Study Group, Wu L. , Arevalo J. F. , Serrano M. A. , Lasave A. F. , Farah M. , Maia M. , Penha F. M. , Rodrigues E. B. , Morales-Canton V. , Fromow-Guerra J. , Guerrero-Naranjo J.L. , Dalma-Weiszhausz J. , Quiroz-Mercado H. , Velez-Montoya R. , Rodriguez F. J. , Gomez F. E. , Brieke A. C. , Berrocal M.H. , Cruz-Villegas V. , Graue-Wiechers F. , Lozano-Rechy D. , Ariza-Camacho E. , Roca J. A. , Chico R. G. , Saravia M. J. , Schlaen A. , Lupinacci A. , Gabin M. N. , Avila M. , Carla L. , Cardillo J. , Verdaguer J. , Carpentier T. C. , Verdaguer J. I. , Sepúlveda D. G. , Alezzandrini A. , Garcia B. , Bregliano G. , Alvira G. , Flor P. , Jaramillo F. , Diaz-Llopis M. , Gallego-Pinazo R. , Udaondo P. , Salom D. , Figueroa M. , Contreras I. , Ruiz-Casas D. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose To evaluate the anatomic success rate, visual acuity (VA) changes, and complications of 23-G vitrectomy without associated scleral procedures for the treatment of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (PRRD). Methods Patients diagnosed with PRRD were considered for inclusion. Patients with evidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy or coexisting ocular pathologies were excluded. Surgery consisted of 23-G vitrectomy with endolaser photocoagulation of retinal breaks and fluid-air-gas (12% C3F8) exchange. Minimum follow-up was 3 months. Results A total of 133 eyes of 118 patients were included. Fifty eyes were phakic and 83 pseudophakic. Mean time from diagnosis to surgery was 6.9 days (range 1–40). Mean VA improved significantly from 20/50 (range: hand movements to 20/20) to 20/30 (range: counting fingers to 20/16), with no statistically significant differences between phakic and pseudophakic eyes (p = 0.233). Visual acuity improved to 20/40 or better in 104 eyes (78.2%). A redetachment developed in 5 eyes (3.8%), so the primary anatomic success rate was 96.2%. Four eyes required a second surgical procedure and one eye a third to achieve retinal reattachment. Cataract progression in phakic eyes made cataract surgery necessary within 1 year of vitrectomy in 12/50 (24%) eyes. Subretinal perfluoro-N-octane (PFO) was detected in 6 eyes (4.5%). Conclusion Twenty-three–gauge vitrectomy without scleral buckling seems to be an effective technique for the treatment of PRRD without proliferative vitreoretinopathy. The high anatomic success rate was comparable to that previously described with 20 G and scleral buckling. Complications were similar to those described for 20-G vitrectomy, except for retained subretinal PFO, which has a higher rate.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Ptosis in Children: A National Tertiary Hospital Study
Authors: Essawy Rania El , Elsada Mohamed A. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose TO study the demographic and clinical characteristics of children who present to our hospital with blepharoptosis. Methods A retrospective review of the hospital records of children presenting with blepharoptosis between November 2002 and December 2010 was conducted. Demographic data (age at presentation, gender, and family history) and clinical data (severity, etiology, and associated conditions) were studied. The number and type of any surgical procedure was also recorded. Results A total of 408 eyes of 336 children were reviewed. The mean age at presentation was 3.2 years (range 0.25–10 years). Blepharoptosis was unilateral in 64.7% of cases, 74% of which affected the left eye. A positive family history was elicited in 19.4% of cases. Recurrent ptosis constituted 9.3% of presenting cases. The commonest type was congenital (68.9%) followed by blepharophimosis syndrome (16.7%). Associated considerable refractive errors occurred in 13.2% of cases, strabismus in 6.8% of cases, and amblyopia attributed solely to occlusion in 10% of cases. Frontalis suspension was the most common surgery (58%) followed by anterior approach levator muscle resection (29%) and Whitnall sling procedure (13%). Undercorrection, whether primary or late, occurred in 36.5% of cases. The mean number of operations performed was 1.5 (range 1–4). Conclusions Blepharoptosis in children is most commonly dystrophic with poor levator function showing a predilection to left side affection. Associated strabismus, refractive errors, and amblyopia should be considered for proper management of these patients. More than one surgery is required to correct the ptosis even in experienced hands.
Successful Argon and Diode Laser Photocoagulation Treatment of an Iris Varix with Recurrent Hemorrhage
Authors: Matlach Juliane , Kasper Karsten , Kasper Berit , Klink Thomas 
Published: March 2013

Purpose To report successful laser treatment of an iris varix. Methods A 66-year-old man presented with an incidental finding of a cystic lesion within the iris stroma in his right eye. He developed a blood-filled and partly thrombosed tumor of the iris stroma and complained about blurred vision due to spontaneous hyphema during follow-up. Results Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed a prominent and liquid-filled lesion within the iris stroma. Iris fluorescein angiography revealed a thrombosed iris tumor without intrinsic vascularization or feeding vessels. Therefore, diagnosis of an iris varix was made clinically. Recurrent bleeding occurred during follow-up and led to decreased visual acuity. Combined argon and diode laser photocoagulation was successful in terminating rebleeding and resulted in a scarred iris varix. Conclusions Symptomatic iris varices can be treated safely by combined argon and diode laser photocoagulation, facilitating a less invasive approach than surgical excision.
Family roles in migration
Authors: Thatun Susu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper explores the importance of the family and the role it plays in migration, especially
from considering the influence and the impact these dynamics have on the overall well being
of the child. In doing so, the paper also takes an opportunistic approach to discussing some
untested views about migration, families and children and cautions utilizing them as the basis of
policy formulation and programmatic interventions.In the context of migration, decision-making processes are far from linear, and the level of
dynamism within the family, including that of the child, are important elements to take into
consideration when looking at family roles in migration. Questions that are considered include:
Should the child be allowed to or even urged to take on independent migration? Or, should the
child be left behind with extended family members while one or both parents migrate? Or, should
the migrating parents take the child along on the journey?
The impact of parental migration on children left behind: The case of Tunisia
Authors: Bouchoucha Ibtihel 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn Tunisia, several studies analyzed the phenomenon of migration. One strand of this
literature focused on the causes, explaining migration flows (Mzali 1997, Zohry 2006, Fourati
2006, Hammouda 2008, Mghari 2007, Sadiqi 2007, Hamdouch and Khachani 2004). Another open
debate concerns the importance of remittances and the role of international migration on the
development of the country of origin (Haffad 2006, Hamdouch and Khachani 2004). However,
there are few works interested in the family left behind. The paucity of studies on this theme
can be explained by a lack of suitable data. Therefore, there is a pressing need to raise research
interests on this question.The goal of this presentation is to contribute to this literature. We try to analyze the situation
of children left behind: “a child lives with one of his parents, while the other parent lives abroad”.
Our paper will be structured around two broad themes. The first concerns the link between
migrants and their families remaining in their country of origin. The second theme focuses on the
education attendance of the children left behind. We will try to examine the effects of a mother’s
or father’s absence on the school attendance of their children.Our methodology is based on comparative analyses between male and female and between
children of migrants and those of non-migrants. We developed a descriptive analysis using
individual data from census 2004 and from the MIREM survey conducted in 2006 by the Robert
Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.
Women international migration from the Maghreb: Dimensions and impacts
Authors: Kharoufi Mostafa 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFor a long time, women have remained invisible in studies on migration in the Maghreb
countries. Their socio-economic contributions and unique experiences have not been taken
into account by researchers. In the 1960s and 1970s migration studies often assumed that most
migrants were males, and that women were always present in migratory flows as spouses,
daughters and dependents of male migrants. Consequently, migration was portrayed as purely
a male phenomenon, despite the fact that mobility of women affects the roles of both female
and male migrants when considering the families left behind in the migration process. Despite
the fact that migration responds to and impacts capital, labour, culture, identities, the family and
citizenship in sending and receiving countries, statistics on female migration—both internal and
international—are notoriously poor.This lack of information and data on women migration is not only the case in Maghreb
countries. As a matter of fact, it is only recently that the international community has begun to
grasp the significance of what migrant women have to offer, even though women constitute
almost half of all international migrants worldwide, despite contributions to poverty reduction
and struggling economies.This paper is dealing with women international migration, its trends, dimensions,
characteristics and effects in Maghreb countries (Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco), which constitute
probably one of the most remarkable geographical regions of the world with respect to labour
migration movements.
Family and Child Welfare, Support and Protection
Authors: Zohry Ayman 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDespite the fact that international migrants comprise 3.1 percent of the world population,
international migration is at the heart of societal, economic and political debates. This may
be attributed, in part, to the fact that the estimated 214 million international migrants are
not evenly distributed among countries and regions. Citizens in some countries comprise a
minority compared to expatriates. The case of the Arab Gulf countries is a classical model of this
demographic imbalance. Moreover, while females comprise 49 percent of international migrants,
sex composition of international migrants is imbalanced among countries and regions.Because of the economic nature of migration, keeping aside forced migration, some members
of families leave their origin for better-paid jobs in destination countries. This phenomenon
contributes to family breakdown between origin and destination. Family breakdowns are
associated with an array of socio-economic correlates and result from major problems related
to child rearing and female-headed households, in the case of household head migration.
Acknowledging the important positive economic impact of migration, negative socio-economic
impacts of migration should be considered and explored, and policy interventions at the micro
and macro levels should be introduced.
Transnational families in the context of international migration
Authors: Guendell Rojas Sebastián , Saab Rhea , Taylor C 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWhen a person migrates from one country to another, it is not just the individual who is
affected but a whole family. While migration can bring benefits, including economic advantages,
often it means that families are separated, putting relationships under strain and forcing
those left behind to take on new roles and responsibilities. Therefore it is important for those
concerned with drawing up policy on international migration and development to understand
the dynamics of households involved in and affected by migration. Traditionally, though,
migration policy strategies have not adopted a family perspective.
Executive summary
Authors: Mesdoua Amina 
Published: March 2013

Format and participation1. The Doha International Institute for Family Studies and Development (DIIFSD) organized
a symposium on Family, Migration and Dignity from the 27th to 29th March 2012 in Doha,
Qatar.2. Experts dealing with various aspects of migration, human rights and social development
were invited from a broad geographical distribution to participate in the meeting in
their personal capacities. The Experts included academicians, practitioners, NGOs and
experts from UN agencies.3. The symposium was opened by H.E. Mrs Noor Al Malki Executive Director of the DIIFSD.
Her statement was followed by statements from M .Hafedh Chekir, the Regional Director
of UNFPA and M .Patrick Taran, President of Global Migration Policy Associates.4. Eight sessions followed by three dialogue sessions were held during the symposium.
Each session considered a different topic. Session 1 focused on migrant families in
destination countries: experiences, Session 2 discussed families in origin countries
affected by migration, Session 3 considered gender, family and migration, Session
4 discussed specific impact on and risks for children, Session 5 focused on regimes
of migration: impacts, costs and issues, Session 6 considered training, schooling
and employment for affected children and youth, Session 7 was devoted to policy
considerations and the concluding session discussed the recommendations and the
way forward.
Opening remarks on the Symposium significance, content, expectations and process
Authors: Taran Patrick 
Published: March 2013

Format and participationWelcome to a historic occasion, a first ever global gathering of experts addressing key issues
of our time: migration, family, and human dignity.
Indeed, despite thousands of years of human migration, usually in family groups, this is the
first time that migration and family have been looked at together in a truly international forum.This first event is significant in who is here as well as what is on the agenda. It is safe to
say that we are truly eminent gathering of academics and practitioners who know what we
are talking about. We represent –necessarily-- a multi-disciplinary, multi-sector and and multiissue
approach. A look around this room will confirm that the best expertise from around the
world is well represented here. Nearly all of the key UN and international intergovernmental
organizations are represented, as are important civil society organizations.
Symposium on Migration, Family and Dignity
Authors: Kofman Eleonore 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThough the most common source of long-term migration in countries which permit it, family migration has until recently attracted little attention from academics and policy makers due
in part to its conceptualization as female and a dependent form of migration that is of little
relevance to the labour market. However, during the past decade there has been a growing
body of academic literature generated through a collective interest in transnational migration
(Bryceson and Vuorela 2002); international marriages, including those by men moving as the
imported spouse (Charsley 2011, Williams 2010); gender, generation and families in migration
(Kraler et al. 2011); migrant families and multicultural societies (Grillo 2008), and families caring
across borders (Baldassar et al. 2007).
What are the characteristics, behaviors and problems for families and children? Case stories: Central Asia
Authors: Costachi Jana 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMigrant workers bring an enormous contribution to the development of the Central Asia
(CA) region by providing skills that fill labour market needs in countries of destination, and by
providing remittances, return of talent and enhanced commercial activity in their countries of
origin, i.e., Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan.International labour mobility has become increasingly important in CA over the past two
decades. The collapse of the Soviet Union and centralized employment system has entailed
considerable changes in labour markets and growth of internal and external labour migration.
The regional migration has affected all population strata, all age categories, men and women,
various occupations and social groups in CA. Migration has strengthened economic linkages
between actors in the regions as well as increased the development of speed gaps between
various countries.According to the Central Asia Human Development Report (UNDP), just within the period
from early 1989 to early 2002, nearly 3 million people, or over 20% of the population, migrated
from Kazakhstan; 694,000 people (11% of the population) from Tajikistan; over 1 million people
(4%) from Uzbekistan, and 360,000 people (7%) from Kyrgyzstan.
The End of Art Revisited
Authors: Wertz S.K. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A look at Danto’s many discussions of the end of art and its meaning. Also examined is Hegel’s idea of the end of art and his use of the dialectic to explain it. Both philosophers sought the meaning of art in the object or artwork–more so for Danto, because he thinks the object is a material one that would exclude conceptual artists’ thought experiments, which are impossible to represent or materialize. So conceptual art truly signals the end of art in that there are no other boundaries to be scaled or conquered. As Hegel put it: "Thought and reflection have spread their wings above fine art."
The Digital Sublime: Lessons from Kelli Connell’s Double Life
Authors: Huang Yi-Hui 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The digital sublime refers to digital-composite photography that presents "the existence of something unpresentable" and that renders a matchless look–a sophisticated fabrication, a perfect and clean composition, a maximum color saturation, a multiple-point perspective, and stunning or newfangled content. Abandoning the traditional one-shot mode of production, photographers who create the digital sublime knit pieces of images together to concretize something that cannot be seen with the naked eye. To gain a better understanding of the work of photographers of the digital sublime, this essay cites the photographic project Double Life by contemporary photographer Kelli Connell as an example of how examining an artist’s view of reality helps viewers identify valuable knowledge provided by her work. The essay investigates Connell’s worldview, or what she values as knowledge, by inquiring into her view of reality. It asks, "How does a photographer who produces seamless digital-synthesized photographs depict her view of reality in photographs?" and "What types of knowledge do her photographs communicate to viewers?" This study has implications for how digital sublime photographs can be studied and taught.
The bacteriology of chronic rhinosinusitis and the pre‐eminence of Staphylococcus aureus in revision patients
Authors: Cleland Edward John , Bassiouni Ahmed , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThe role of bacteria in the etiopathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains an area of interest. The impact of surgery and factors such as the presence of polyps, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity on the bacterial state are poorly understood. To determine the effect of these factors, this study examines the culture results from a large cohort of CRS patients.MethodsThis retrospective study used the culture results from 513 CRS patients, which were analyzed for species growth and compared to factors such as previous surgery, presence of polyps, aspirin sensitivity, and asthma. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis.ResultsEighty‐three percent (83%) of patients had a positive culture result. The average number of isolates detected per patient was 0.95. S. aureus was the most frequently cultured organism (35%), followed by P. aeruginosa (9%), Haemophilus spp. (7%), and S. pneumonia (5%). Revision patients were more likely to grow S. aureus (p = 0.001), P. aeruginosa (p = 0.044) and have a positive culture (p = 0.001). Asthma was correlated with a positive culture (p = 0.039). No difference was determined between polyp and nonpolyp patients for any of the bacterial outcomes.ConclusionThis study highlights important factors in the bacteriology of CRS patients. S. aureus was the most prevalent species identified in our cohort, followed by P. aeruginosa. S. aureus rates of isolation were also significantly higher in patients undergoing revision surgery. No association was found between the presence of nasal polyposis and culture rates.
Carotid plaque hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging strongly predicts recurrent ischemia and stroke
Authors: Hosseini Akram A. , Kandiyil Neghal , MacSweeney Shane T. S. , Altaf Nishath , Auer Dorothee P. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThere is a recognized need to improve selection of patients with carotid artery stenosis for carotid endarterectomy (CEA). We assessed the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐defined carotid plaque hemorrhage (MRIPH) to predict recurrent ipsilateral cerebral ischemic events, and stroke in symptomatic carotid stenosis.MethodsOne hundred seventy‐nine symptomatic patients with ≥50% stenosis were prospectively recruited, underwent carotid MRI, and were clinically followed up until CEA, death, or ischemic event. MRIPH was diagnosed if the plaque signal intensity was >150% that of the adjacent muscle. Event‐free survival analysis was done using Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox regression models controlling for known vascular risk factors. We also undertook a meta‐analysis of reported data on MRIPH and recurrent events.ResultsOne hundred fourteen patients (63.7%) showed MRIPH, suffering 92% (57 of 62) of all recurrent ipsilateral events and all but 1 (25 of 26) future strokes. Patients without MRIPH had an estimated annual absolute stroke risk of only 0.6%. Cox multivariate regression analysis proved MRIPH as a strong predictor of recurrent ischemic events (hazard ratio [HR] = 12.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.8–30.1, p < 0.001) and stroke alone (HR = 35.0, 95% CI = 4.7–261.6, p = 0.001). Meta‐analysis of published data confirmed this association between MRIPH and recurrent cerebral ischemic events in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (odds ratio = 12.2, 95% CI = 5.5–27.1, p < 0.00001).InterpretationMRIPH independently and strongly predicts recurrent ipsilateral ischemic events, and stroke alone, in symptomatic ≥50% carotid artery stenosis. The very low stroke risk in patients without MRIPH puts into question current risk–benefit assessment for CEA in this subgroup. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:774–784
Structural Fluctuation of Disilanyl Double‐Pillared Bisheteroarenes
Authors: Nakanishi Waka , Shimada Yusuke , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSilacyclophanes possessing two disilanyl pillars were synthesized from tricyclic heteroarenes in one‐pot synthetic procedures. The step‐like anti structures of three congeners bearing two heteroarene units were revealed in single crystals by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Depending on the structures of aromatic units, torsion angles at the disilanyl pillars altered to maintain the overall step‐like molecular structures. The structure, however, fluctuated between anti and syn conformers in a solution phase despite the presence of eight methyl groups on the ring periphery. The analysis of the coalescence temperature with NMR spectroscopy showed the fundamental energetics of the dynamics. The subtle structural differences affected the dynamic behavior of the silacyclophanes.