bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary patterns in Swedish adults; results from a national dietary survey
Authors: Ax Erika , Warensjö Lemming Eva , Becker Wulf , Andersson Agneta , Lindroos Anna Karin , Cederholm Tommy , Sjögren Per , Fung Teresa T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDietary patterns derived by statistical procedures is a way to identify overall dietary habits in specific populations. The aim of this study was to identify and characterise dietary patterns in Swedish adults using data from the national dietary survey Riksmaten adults 2010–11 (952 women, 788 men). Principal component analyses were used and two patterns were identified in both sexes: a healthy pattern loading positively on vegetables, fruits, fish and seafood, and vegetable oils, and negatively on refined bread and fast food, and a Swedish traditional pattern loading positively on potatoes, meat and processed meat, full-fat milk products, sweet bakery products, sweet condiments and margarine. In addition, a light-meal pattern was identified in women with positive loadings on fibre-rich bread, cheese, rice, pasta and food grain dishes, substitute products for meat and dairy products, candies and tea. The healthy pattern was positively correlated to dietary fibre (r0·51–0·58) andn-3 (r0·25–0·31) (allP<0·0001), and had a higher nutrient density of folate, vitamin D and Se. The Swedish traditional and the light-meal pattern were positively correlated to added sugar (r0·20–0·25) and the Swedish traditional also to SFA (r0·13–0·21) (allP<0·0001); both patterns were in general negatively correlated to micronutrients. Dietary pattern scores were associated with, for example, age, physical activity, education and income. In conclusion, we identified three major dietary patterns among Swedish adults. The patterns can be further used for examining the association between whole diet and health outcomes.
Reproductive traits and number of matings in males and females of Cerambyx welensii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) an emergent pest of oaks
Authors: Torres-Vila L.M. , Mendiola-Diaz F.J. , Conejo-Rodríguez Y. , Sánchez-González Á. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe longhorn beetle Cerambyx welensii is an emerging pest involved in oak decline episodes, whose damage is increasingly reported in dehesa open woodlands. Knowledge of the reproductive biology of C. welensii is a crucial goal due to its new pest status. In this study, we assess the reproductive traits of both sexes in the laboratory (25°C and 60% relative humidity ). In females, body length was 44.9 ± 0.9 mm (mean ± SE), fecundity 132 ± 12 eggs, fertility 70 ± 1 %, longevity 70 ± 3 days, preoviposition period 2 ± 0.2 days, oviposition period 44 ± 3 days and postoviposition period 19 ± 3 days. Fecundity was positively correlated with female size, longevity and oviposition period. Daily fecundity was 3.0 ± 0.2 eggs/day and showed a fluctuating synovigenic pattern with a slight decreasing trend over time. Egg length was 4.24 ± 0.01 mm and egg volume 8.14 ± 0.04 mm3. Egg size was correlated with female size but the relative size of eggs was larger in smaller females. Incubation time was 13.9 ± 0.1 days and hatching did not depend on egg size. Neonate size was positively correlated with egg length. Females were polyandrous (more than 20 lifetime matings) but multiple mating did not increase fecundity, fertility or longevity. In males, body length was 43.7 ± 0.6 mm and longevity 52 ± 3 days. Unlike with females, longevity was positively correlated with male size. Males were polygynous (up to 30 lifetime matings) but mating history did not affect male longevity. Rather to the contrary, long-lived males mated more times because they had more mating chances. Lastly, C. welensii reproductive traits were compared with those other Cerambycidae species and discussed from an adaptive perspective. Our data will be useful to improve management of C. welensii in order to prevent or mitigate its impact in dehesa woodlands and other oak forests.
Comparing staging by positron emission tomography with contrast-enhanced computed tomography and by pathology in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qualliotine J R , Mydlarz W K , Chan J YK , Zhou X , Wang H , Agrawal N 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate the ability of positron emission tomography with contrast-enhanced computed tomography to correctly stage head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, in comparison with pathological staging.Methods:Positron emission tomography computed tomography was used to determine the tumour–node–metastasis classification and overall cancer stage in 85 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent pre-operative imaging using this modality and primary surgery between July 2010 and January 2013. Staging by positron emission tomography computed tomography was retrospectively compared with staging using pathological specimens. Agreement between imaging stage and pathological stage was examined by univariate and multivariate analysis both overall and for each primary tumour site.Results:This imaging modality was 87.5 per cent sensitive and 44.8 per cent specific in identifying regional cervical metastases, and had false positive and false negative rates of 18.8 per cent and 8.2 per cent, respectively. The positive predictive and negative predictive values were 75.4 per cent and 65.0 per cent, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed a significant agreement between positron emission tomography computed tomography and pathological node classification in older patients and for the oral cavity primary tumour site. There was significant agreement between both methods in the overall classification only for tumours classified as T3 or greater.Conclusion:Positron emission tomography computed tomography should be used with caution for the pre-operative staging of head and neck cancers because of its high false positive and false negative rates.
Risk of decline and chance of improvement in olfaction among patients with post-traumatic olfactory loss
Authors: Kuo C-L , Shu C-H 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the chance of improvement and risk of decline in olfaction among patients with post-traumatic olfactory loss.Methods:This study comprised 80 patients. Changes in olfaction were determined using a visual analogue scale and the ‘Sniffin’ Sticks' test. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors for olfactory changes.Results:Olfactory changes were observed in 9–35 per cent of patients. The rates of improvement and decline according to visual analogue scale scores were 35 per cent and 10 per cent respectively, whereas those in the Sniffin’ Sticks test were 9 per cent and 11 per cent respectively. There was a predictive link between non-anosmia and decline in Sniffin’ Sticks test scores (odds ratio = 16.61,p= 0.003). A positive correlation was observed between the scores in the first and last examinations (rho = 0.532,p< 0.001).Conclusion:Patients should be informed that they may experience an improvement or decline in olfaction following post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction. This study provides evidence to support comprehensive counselling regarding prognosis as an integral part of management strategies.
Energetic electrons generated during solar flares
Authors: Mann Gottfried 
Published: October 2015

The Sun is a giant particle accelerator. During solar flares, magnetic field energy stored in the corona is suddenly released and transferred to local heating of the coronal plasma, mass motions (e.g. jets) and the generation of energetic particles, i.e. electrons, protons and heavy ions. Basically, a flare occurs as a local enhancement of the emission of electromagnetic radiation from the radio up to the ${\it\gamma}$-ray range on the Sun. That indicates the production of energetic electrons during flares. NASA’s RHESSI mission has the aim to investigate electron acceleration processes by studying the Sun’s X-ray and ${\it\gamma}$-ray emission with high spatial, temporal and spectral resolution, i.e. by means of imaging spectroscopy. A substantial part of the energy released during a flare is carried by these energetic electrons. Apart from them, solar energetic particles, i.e. protons and heavy ions, and coronal mass ejections play an important role in the energy budget of a flare. Here, we focus on electron acceleration. The way in which $10^{36}$ electrons are accelerated up to energies beyond 30 keV is one of the open questions in solar physics. A flare is considered as the manifestation of magnetic reconnection in the solar corona. Which mechanisms lead to the production of energetic electrons in the magnetic reconnection region is discussed in this paper. Two of them are described in more detail.
Predominance of Clostridium difficile ribotypes 012, 027 and 046 in a university hospital in Chile, 2012
Authors: PLAZA-GARRIDO Á. , BARRA-CARRASCO J. , MACIAS J. H. , CARMAN R. , FAWLEY W. N. , WILCOX M. H. , HERNÁNDEZ-ROCHA C. , GUZMÁN-DURÁN A. M. , ALVAREZ-LOBOS M. , PAREDES-SABJA D. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYIn a 1-year survey at a university hospital we found that 20·6% (81/392) of patients with antibiotic associated diarrohea where positive for C. difficile. The most common PCR ribotypes were 012 (14·8%), 027 (12·3%), 046 (12·3%) and 014/020 (9·9). The incidence rate was 2·6 cases of C. difficile infection for every 1000 outpatients.
Serological survey in the Finnish human population implies human-to-human transmission of Ljungan virus or antigenically related viruses
Authors: JÄÄSKELÄINEN A. J. , VOUTILAINEN L. , LEHMUSTO R. , HENTTONEN H. , LAPPALAINEN M. , KALLIO-KOKKO H. , VAHERI A. , VAPALAHTI O. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYLjungan virus (LV) is a picornavirus related to human parechoviruses (HPeV). The virus has been found in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and several other rodent species, and suggested to have zoonotic potential. Thus far, seroepidemiological data on LV infections in humans are scarce. In this study, we aimed to characterize the demographic and geographical distribution of LV-reactive antibodies in Finland, and to investigate its occurrence in patients suspected of having a rodent-borne disease, nephropathia epidemica (NE) caused by Puumala hantavirus (PUUV). Using an immunofluorescence assay (LV strain 145SLG), we screened human sera (n = 1378) and found LV-reactive antibodies in 36% of samples. The probability of possessing LV-reactive antibodies peaked at age of 14 years, suggesting that most infections occur in childhood. The prevalence of LV-reactive antibodies was significantly higher in the urbanized area surrounding Helsinki than in more rural Central Finland. These findings are uncharacteristic of a rodent-borne pathogen, and therefore we consider human-to-human transmission of one or several Ljungan-like viruses as a likely cause for most of the observed antibody responses.
C'est ainsi que: grammaticalisation ou lexicalisation ou les deux à la fois ?
Authors: LAHOUSSE KAREN , LAMIROY BÉATRICE 
Published: October 2015

RÉSUMÉNous montrons dans cet article que les phrases introduites parc'est ainsi quecorrespondent à deux structures différentes: une vraie clivée avec l'adverbe de manière en focus et un connecteur à sens consécutif, récapitulatif ou illustratif. Nous décrivons le comportement syntaxique et sémantique dec'est ainsi quegrâce à une analyse de corpus. Pour rendre compte des emplois connectifs dec'est ainsi que, nous plaidons pour une double hypothèse : d'une part la grammaticalisation, à la fois de l'adverbeainsiet de la clivée, et d'autre part la lexicalisation dec'est ainsi que.
Morphometrical and production traits of Bengal sheep in West Bengal, India
Authors: Banerjee Sandip 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe study was conducted to phenotypically characterize the Bengal (Desi) sheep in some purposively selected villages of Nadia and Murshidabad districts of West Bengal, India. The Bengal sheep is reared as mutton sheep and has not been studied or characterized. Qualitative (coat colour and tail type) and quantitative (height at withers, height at rump, chest circumference, paunch girth, oblique body length, head length, head width, ear length, horn length, shoulder width, ear width, pelvic width, canon length, length of the fore leg, length of the hind leg, fore canon circumference, neck circumference, neck length, body weight) traits were included in the study. Phenotypic traits indicated that the sheep is of a small, thin tailed type adapted to grazing in water logged areas and lowly to moderately prolific. The structural indices indicate that the sheep is forward aligned, robust and rectangular in shape; it is well balanced and adapted for humid climates. The wool is coarse and hairy type, used for making blankets and durries. The reproductive parameters indicate that the age at first service was 295 days for ewes and 252 days for rams while the age at first lambing averaged around 425 days. Conservation efforts and genetic characterization are needed to maintain the breed purity and further studies regarding the carcass and mutton quality traits need to be carried out
Psychische Belastung von Jugendlichen
Authors: von Lersner Ulrike , Pleger Mareike , Baschin Kirsten , Morina Nexhmedin , Fydrich Thomas 
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Das psychische Belastungsniveau von Migranten wird seit einigen Jahren verstärkt diskutiert. Jugendliche der zweiten Einwanderergeneration sollten besondere Berücksichtigung finden, da sie bereits ein Drittel aller Personen dieser Altersgruppe in Deutschland darstellen. Fragestellung: Wie hoch ist die psychische Belastung von türkischen und deutschen Jugendlichen? Welchen Einfluss haben hierbei Akkulturationsstress und Diskriminierungswahrnehmung? Methode: N1 = 522 bzw. N2 = 91 Jugendliche (14 – 17 Jahre) wurden zu psychischer Belastung (Studie 1 & 2), Akkulturationsstress und Diskriminierungswahrnehmung (Studie 2) untersucht. Ergebnisse: Mädchen berichteten signifikant häufiger internalisierende Probleme als Jungen, im Interviewmodus galt dies für türkische Jugendliche insgesamt. Diskriminierungswahrnehmung wirkte als Mediatorvariable zwischen psychischer Gesundheit und Akkulturationsstress. Schlussfolgerungen: Der kulturelle Hintergrund von Jugendlichen in Deutschland hat in Form wahrgenommener Diskriminierung indirekt einen Einfluss auf deren psychische Gesundheit.
Fragebogen zum Problem-Monitoring für Eltern, Lehrer und Jugendliche–eine deutsche Fassung des Brief Problem Monitor (BPM)
Authors: Rodenacker Klaas , Plück Julia , Döpfner Manfred 
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Der Brief Problem Monitor (BPM) ist eine, in den USA bereits psychometrisch überprüfte, Kurzform der Child Behavior Checkliste (CBCL) und der davon abgeleiteten Verfahren. Wie die US-Version, umfasst die deutsche Übersetzung drei Skalen (Internale Probleme-INT, Aufmerksamkeitsprobleme-AP und Externale Probleme-EXT) und liegt ebenfalls in drei Perspektiven (Eltern, Lehrer und Jugendliche) vor. Methode: Die psychometrischen Eigenschaften (Reliabilität und Validität) der deutschen Übersetzung des BPM wurden sowohl anhand von Klinik- als auch Feldstichproben von Kindern im Alter zwischen 6 und 18 Jahren überprüft. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse weisen auf gute Reliabilität und, mit einigen Einschränkungen, auf eine gute Validität hin. Schlussfolgerung: Mit wenigen Einschränkungen kann der deutsche BPM/6 – 18 daher sowohl als reliables als auch valides Instrument bewertet werden.
The RCAN1 inhibits NF-κB and suppresses lymphoma growth in mice
Authors: Liu C , Zheng L , Wang H , Ran X , Liu H , Sun X 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has a vital role in cell survival. Inhibition of NF-κB has been proven to be an efficient therapeutic pathway for various cancers. Activation of NF-κB is mainly through serine residues’ phosphorylation of inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) by IKK complex. Phosphorylation at tyrosine 42 is an alternative pathway in regulation of IκBα and NF-κB signaling, though little is known about the underlying mechanism. Here we identified regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) as a novel endogenous inhibitor of NF-κB signaling pathway. RCAN1 can interact with IκBα and affect the phosphorylation of IκBα at tyrosine 42. Overexpression of RCAN1 by adenovirus reduced cell viability in lymphoma Raji cells and restrained the growth of lymphoma transplants in mice. We further found that N terminus 1–103aa of RCAN1 is sufficient to inhibit NF-κB and reduce cell viability of lymphoma cells. Our study implicated a novel therapeutic approach for lymphoma by RCAN1 through inhibition of NF-κB signaling.
Activation of surrogate death receptor signaling triggers peroxynitrite-dependent execution of cisplatin-resistant cancer cells
Authors: Seah S , Low I C C , Hirpara J L , Sachaphibulkij K , Kroemer G , Brenner C , Pervaiz S 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPlatinum-based drugs remain as the cornerstone of cancer chemotherapy; however, development of multidrug resistance presents a therapeutic challenge. This study aims at understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to cisplatin and unraveling surrogate signaling networks that could revert sensitivity to apoptosis stimuli. We made use of three different sets of cell lines, A549 and H2030 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and A2780 ovarian cancer cells and their cisplatin-resistant variants. Here we report that cisplatin-resistant cell lines displayed a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism and defective mitochondrial signaling were unraveled in the resistant cells. More interestingly, a marked increase in sensitivity of the resistant cells to death receptor-induced apoptosis, in particular TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)-mediated execution, was observed. Although this was not associated with an increase in gene transcription, a significant increase in the localization of TRAIL death receptor, DR4, to the lipid raft subdomains of plasma membrane was detected in the resistant variants. Furthermore, exposure of cisplatin-resistant cells to TRAIL resulted in upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increase in nitric oxide (NO) production that triggered the generation of peroxynitrite (ONOO−). Scavenging ONOO− rescued cells from TRAIL-induced apoptosis, thereby suggesting a critical role of ONOO− in TRAIL-induced execution of cisplatin-resistant cells. Notably, preincubation of cells with TRAIL restored sensitivity of resistant cells to cisplatin. These data provide compelling evidence for employing strategies to trigger death receptor signaling as a second-line treatment for cisplatin-resistant cancers.
Observation of a two-dimensional liquid of Fröhlich polarons at the bare SrTiO3 surface
Authors: Chen Chaoyu , Avila José , Frantzeskakis Emmanouil , Levy Anna , Asensio Maria C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe polaron is a quasi-particle formed by a conduction electron (or hole) together with its self-induced polarization in a polar semiconductor or an ionic crystal. Among various polarizable examples of complex oxides, strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is one of the most studied. Here we examine the carrier type and the interplay of inner degrees of freedom (for example, charge, lattice, orbital) in SrTiO3. We report the experimental observation of Fröhlich polarons, or large polarons, at the bare SrTiO3 surface prepared by vacuum annealing. Systematic analyses of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectra show that these Fröhlich polarons are two-dimensional and only exist with inversion symmetry breaking by two-dimensional oxygen vacancies. Our discovery provides a rare solvable field theoretical model, and suggests the relevance of large (bi)polarons for superconductivity in perovskite oxides, as well as in high-temperature superconductors.
Characterizing noise structure in single-cell RNA-seq distinguishes genuine from technical stochastic allelic expression
Authors: Kim Jong Kyoung , Kolodziejczyk Aleksandra A. , Ilicic Tomislav , Teichmann Sarah A. , Marioni John C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSingle-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) facilitates identification of new cell types and gene regulatory networks as well as dissection of the kinetics of gene expression and patterns of allele-specific expression. However, to facilitate such analyses, separating biological variability from the high level of technical noise that affects scRNA-seq protocols is vital. Here we describe and validate a generative statistical model that accurately quantifies technical noise with the help of external RNA spike-ins. Applying our approach to investigate stochastic allele-specific expression in individual cells, we demonstrate that a large fraction of stochastic allele-specific expression can be explained by technical noise, especially for lowly and moderately expressed genes: we predict that only 17.8% of stochastic allele-specific expression patterns are attributable to biological noise with the remainder due to technical noise.
Bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces, fabricated through simple and scalable roll-to-roll processing
Authors: Park Sung-Hoon , Lee Sangeui , Moreira David , Bandaru Prabhakar R. , Han InTaek , Yun Dong-Jin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA simple, scalable, non-lithographic, technique for fabricating durable superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces, based on the fingering instabilities associated with non-Newtonian flow and shear tearing, has been developed. The high viscosity of the nanotube/elastomer paste has been exploited for the fabrication. The fabricated SH surfaces had the appearance of bristled shark skin and were robust with respect to mechanical forces. While flow instability is regarded as adverse to roll-coating processes for fabricating uniform films, we especially use the effect to create the SH surface. Along with their durability and self-cleaning capabilities, we have demonstrated drag reduction effects of the fabricated films through dynamic flow measurements.
Ultralow thermal sensitivity of phase and propagation delay in hollow core optical fibres
Authors: Slavík Radan , Marra Giuseppe , Fokoua Eric Numkam , Baddela Naveen , Wheeler Natalie V. , Petrovich Marco , Poletti Francesco , Richardson David J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPropagation time through an optical fibre changes with the environment, e.g., a change in temperature alters the fibre length and its refractive index. These changes have negligible impact in many key fibre applications, e.g., telecommunications, however, they can be detrimental in many others. Examples are fibre-based interferometry (e.g., for precise measurement and sensing) and fibre-based transfer and distribution of accurate time and frequency. Here we show through two independent experiments that hollow-core photonic bandgap fibres have a significantly smaller sensitivity to temperature variations than traditional solid-core fibres. The 18 times improvement observed, over 3 times larger than previously reported, makes them the most environmentally insensitive fibre technology available and a promising candidate for many next-generation fibre systems applications that are sensitive to drifts in optical phase or absolute propagation delay.