bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese police cadets’ attitudes toward police roles revisited
Authors: Cuvelier Steven Jay , Jia Di , Jin Cheng 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between Chinese police cadets’ background, motivations and educational perceptions and their attitudes toward common police roles.

Design/methodology/approach
– Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 382 Chinese police cadets. Based upon predisposition and socialization theories, personal background, career motivation and attitudes toward education were examined as statistical explanations of cadets’ attitudes toward order maintenance, preventative patrol, law enforcement, and community building as elements of the police role.

Findings
– Cadets who recognized more value in their practical and academic education also significantly favored the transitional and contemporary police roles (preventative patrol, law enforcement, and community building), which are taught as part of their college curriculum. But educational perceptions had no effect on order maintenance, which is a more historical role, and not emphasized by the police college. Cadets from lower SES backgrounds and those receiving outside influence to select a policing career tended to support traditional police roles whereas cadets with a relative in policing tended to show greater support for contemporary policing roles.

Research limitations/implications
– This study is limited by being a cross-sectional study of a single police college. Future studies should incorporate a longitudinal element to follow the perceptions of cadets from their school experience into the policing profession and should be conducted in other settings to assess generalizability.

Practical implications
– The impact of higher education on police cadets appears to be better measured as a function of their perceived importance of education (engagement) rather than measuring their exposure to it. The effectiveness of police training and education may be enhanced by adopting teaching methods that better engage learners.

Social implications
– Better alignment between police officers’ attitudes toward their roles and duties and contemporary police standards and practices will assure more effective and responsible police action and delivery of police services to the community.

Originality/value
– This study is among the first to demonstrate that Cadets who hold higher regard for practical and academic education are significantly better aligned to the policing roles emphasized by their educational program.
Addressing role and value in policing: toward a sustainable policing framework
Authors: Caputo Tullio , McIntyre Michael Louis 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the sustainability of policing organizations and propose approaches to enhance their sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper uses an action research approach involving the researchers and partners from the main national policing bodies in Canada and six police service research sites.

Findings
– This paper presents a Sustainable Policing Framework (SPF) intended to enhance the sustainability of policing services.

Practical implications
– The SPF the authors present can be implemented by police service organizations to assist with organizational development as the external environment changes.

Originality/value
– No other approaches to police sustainability that involve a framework similar to the one that is presented are known. This paper provides specific tools for police services to deploy to address their sustainability concerns.
The effect of socio-demographic characteristics on the information-seeking behaviors of police officers
Authors: Guclu Idris , Can Ali 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to determine the information-seeking behaviors of police officers who work in police stations in the context of staying current. Leckieet al.’s (1996) model of the information-seeking behavior of professionals is tested.Design/methodology/approach– A quantitative research design was employed for data collection. The sample includes 642 cases. It is both descriptive and exploratory.Findings– Police officers first rely upon their personal knowledge and experience, then their colleagues and then official documents. On the other hand, they rarely consulted informants, libraries, journals, books, and attendance at conferences as information sources. There were significant differences in the information sources used by police officers based on their gender in the context of staying current. Lastly, the results of this study indicated that service years in policing and the roles in police station were significantly correlated with the information sources used by police officers regarding staying current.Originality/value– This study, being the first, provides a huge theoretical base for future studies. It contributes to the discipline of information science by validating a theoretical model in a different context. In addition, it contributes to public safety by understanding the frontline police officers’ information needs and information-seeking behavior.
Key corporate sustainability drivers: engaged boards and partnerships
Authors: Avery Gayle C. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This article reports on a whitepaper showing the key success factors involved in driving corporate sustainability, and illustrates them using mini-case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
– Results from a 2015 whitepaper published by Boston Consulting Group and MIT Sloan Management Review in association with the United Nations Global Compact are discussed. The findings are based on interviews conducted globally with 2,587 business managers, experts and practitioners. Best practice examples are provided of what three leading corporations are doing to achieve their sustainability strategies.

Findings
– Two key drivers of corporate sustainability emerged. First, successful corporate sustainability involves collaborations with a range of other organizations. Essentially, the more partners in a particular project, the more successful the initiative is judged to be. Second, boards drive successful corporate sustainability where directors are interested in setting the sustainability strategy, its implementation and the outcomes.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings open many research questions and hypotheses to sustainability researchers and academics.

Practical implications
– Guidance is provided for senior executives seeking to improve and/or increase corporate sustainability initiatives, namely, to collaborate with other parties and engage the board.

Social implications
– The planet and its inhabitants will benefit if obstacles to successfully tackling wicked problems such as hunger, poverty and the effects of climate change can be reduced using the power of collaborations between business, government, NGOs, and academe.

Originality/value
– This paper provides insight into the perceived current state, obstacles and drivers of corporate sustainability, along with examples of successful approaches.
How “The Three Rules” guide strategy and investment decisions at Deloitte Consulting LLP
Authors: Moffatt Jim 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This case example looks at how Deloitte Consulting applies the Three Rules synthesized by Michael Raynor and Mumtaz Ahmed based on their large-scale research project that identified patterns in the way exceptional companies think.

Design/methodology/approach
– The Three Rules concept is a key piece of Deloitte Consulting’s thought leadership program. So how are the three rules helping the organization perform? Now that research has shown how exceptional companies think, CEO Jim Moffatt could address the question, “Does Deloitte think like an exceptional company?”

Findings
– Deloitte has had success with an approach that promotes a bias towards non-price value over price and revenue over costs.

Practical implications
– It’s critical that all decision makers in an organization understand how decisions that are consistent with the three rules have contributed to past success as well as how they can apply the rules to difficult challenges they face today.

Originality/value
– This is the first case study written from a CEO’s perspective that looks at how the Three Rules approach of Michael Raynor and Mumtaz Ahmed can foster a firm’s growth and exceptional performance.
A leader’s guide to an organization-wide strategy journey
Authors: Aurik Johan , Fabel Martin , Jonk Gillis 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The methodology for developing transformational strategy in a dynamic business environment described in this article is based on three principles: 1. Draw inspiration from the future. 2. Be organizationally inclusive. 3. Take a portfolio approach.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article guides leaders through the five steps required to implement the transition from a sequential and top-down strategy process to a continual and organizationally inclusive one.

Findings
– Making a portfolio of competitive opportunities part of program management and reporting requires more than a new approach to solving strategic puzzles. It requires new ways of managing strategy and new ways of working – not once but on a continual basis.

Practical implications
– Rather than thinking of strategy as a single perfect plan with a multi-year deployment cycle, think of it as a portfolio of competitive opportunities with each one managed throughout its life cycle.

Originality/value
– This article lays out in detail the process of shifting strategy development from focusing on research, analyses and extrapolations of current issues to looking to the future for strategic inspiration and purpose.
Thermal physiology and urbanization: perspectives on exit, entry and transformation rules
Authors: Chown Steven L. , Duffy Grant A. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryMore than 50% of the global human population lives in urban settings, which, for urban agglomerations with >1 million inhabitants, span a 30 °C range in mean annual temperature and 4000 mm annual precipitation range.Although the biodiversity impacts of urbanization are most commonly investigated at the assemblage level, these impacts are mediated through organismal physiology and behaviour.At the individual level, mechanistic models, which provide an explicit means to understand how organisms meet the requirements of heat, water and nutrient balance, offer a useful way to assess physiological and behavioural responses to urban environments and their consequences for population dynamics.Physiological determinants of assemblage variation can usefully be investigated by examining entry, exit and transformation rules. These are biases in the processes that determine which individuals join or leave a population or assemblage, and processes that act on individuals, which remain part thereof.Direct evidence for physiological adaptation (broadly construed as phenotypic plasticity, genotypic change or some interaction between them) to urban environments is remarkably limited, owing largely to low numbers of investigations, given that most studies that have been conducted reveal some form of adaptation.A warming tolerance approach, applied to insects globally, demonstrates that transposing sampled populations to the nearest urban area reduces warming tolerance by several degrees, though this effect is on average more marked for the Southern than the Northern Hemisphere. The lowest warming tolerance is found between 30 and 35°N or S, suggesting that in the absence of mitigation, the urban heat island effect of cities here will have the most pronounced impacts on insect populations.Physiological approaches offer a useful means for understanding the urban–rural gradient across a wide range of climatically variable settings during a period of background environmental change.
Estimating True Resource Costs of Outpatient Care for Medicare Beneficiaries: Standardized Costs versus Medicare Payments and Charges
Authors: Schousboe John T. , Paudel Misti L. , Taylor Brent C. , Kats Allyson M. , Virnig Beth A. , Ensrud Kristine E. , Dowd Bryan E. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo compare standardized estimates of the true resource costs of outpatient health care to the allowable and billed charges for that care among Medicare Fee for Service (FFS) beneficiaries.Data Sources/Study SettingMedicare Carrier and Outpatient Standard Analytic (SAF) files linked to participant data in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures from 2004 through 2010. Participants were 3,435 female Medicare Fee for Service enrollees age 80 and older recruited in one rural and three metropolitan areas of the United States.Study DesignWe estimated standardized costs for Carrier and OP‐SAF claims using Medicare payment weights, and compared them to allowable and billed charges for those claims. We used semilog linear regression to estimate the associations of age, race, bone mineral density, prior fracture, and geriatric depression scale score with allowable charges, billed charges, and standardized costs.ResultsEstimated associations of patient characteristics with standardized costs were not statistically different than the associations with allowable charges (chi‐squared [χ2]: 8.6, p = .13) but were different from associations with billed charges (χ2: 25.5, p < .001).ConclusionAllowable charges for outpatient utilization in the Carrier file and OP‐SAF may be good surrogates for standardized costs that reflect patient medical and surgical acuity.
Core‐Shell Collagen Peptide Chelated Calcium/Calcium Alginate Nanoparticles from Fish Scales for Calcium Supplementation
Authors: Guo Honghui , Hong Zhuan , Yi Ruizao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe report simple methods for preparing collagen peptide chelated calcium (cpcc) and a novel cpcc‐loaded nanoparticle from marine fish scales for calcium supplementation. Cpcc nanoparticles have an average diameter of approximately 150 nm and a calcium content of up to 130.4 g/kg. Calcium alginate was selected to encapsulate cpcc for the preparation of core‐shell cpcc/calcium alginate nanoparticles. The core‐shell nanoparticles were mainly 200 to 500 nm in diameter. The ratio of calcium to sulfur was approximately 1.6:1.In vivoexperiments indicated both cpcc and core‐shell cpcc were able to improve calcium absorption and prevent calcium deficiency. Especially core‐shell cpcc worked well to increase femur bone mineral density and femur calcium content in rats significantly. The study demonstrated that cpcc and core‐shell cpcc nanoparticles were ideal for calcium supplementation.
Improving sixth year medical students' performance in knee arthrocentesis using a synthetic knee model
Authors: Chiowchanwisawakit Praveena , Ratanarat Ranistha , Srinonprasert Varalak 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimA knee arthrocentesis (KA) workshop using synthetic knee model was arranged for all sixth‐year medical students (MS) in our institute to ensure equity in receiving training. We evaluated confidence level and knowledge of KA and synovial fluid analysis testing pre‐ and post‐workshop for MS.MethodsThe workshop was divided into two parts. The first part was to provide knowledge in arthrocentesis and synovial fluid interpretation and the second was a practice session on the synthetic model under supervision. This is a report of pre‐and post‐workshop self‐evaluation about the confidence in performing KA (0–10 scales), improvement of knowledge in KA, and synovial fluid analysis earned from attending the workshop. Pearson χ2 test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables, where appropriate.ResultsThere were 247 MS attended and 228 (92.3%) evaluated the workshops. Ninety‐six (42.1%) MS had experience in KA prior to this workshop. The mean (SD) levels of confidence in performing the procedure before and after the workshop were 3.6 (2.5) and 7.5 (1.7), respectively, P < 0.001. Improvement was shown regardless of previous exposure to KA. Knowledge of appropriate testing for synovial fluid was significantly improved in all items explored after the workshop and extended to the better scores earned from a competency examination.ConclusionsA hands‐on structured workshop using a synthetic knee model for KA is a successful model for improving medical students' confidence in performing the procedure with evidence of sustaining knowledge in short‐term follow‐up.
Inhibitory effects of antiseptic mouthrinses on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Evans A , Leishman SJ , Walsh LJ , Seow WK 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundOral antiseptics are valuable in controlling oral infections caused by cariogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mouthrinses and pure antiseptic compounds on Streptococcus mutans and non‐mutans bacteria (Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus acidophilus).MethodsThe agar diffusion assay was employed to determine bacterial growth inhibition.ResultsCommercial mouthrinses containing chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2%), cetylpyridinium chloride (0.05%) and sodium fluoride (0.05%) produced statistically similar growth inhibition of S. mutans, S. sanguinis and L. acidophilus (with zones of inhibition ranging from 7.56 ± 0.52 mm to 7.39 ± 0.53 mm, 17.44 ± 0.94 mm to 18.31 ± 0.62 mm and 8.61 ± 1.43 to 8.67 ± 1.43 mm respectively, p > 0.05). The chlorhexidine mouthwash produced the greatest mean growth inhibition of S. sanguinis and S. mutans compared to all other mouthrinses tested (p < 0.01). The minimum concentrations at which inhibition against S. mutans could be detected were chlorhexidine gluconate at 0.005% (wt/vol), cetylpyridinium chloride 0.01% (wt/ vol), povidone iodine 10% (wt/vol) and sodium hypochlorite 0.5% (vol/vol).ConclusionsChlorhexidine (0.01%), cetylpyridinium chloride (0.01%), povidone iodine (10%) and sodium hypochlorite (0.5%) are effective at inhibiting the growth of S. mutans, S. sanguinis and L. acidophilus.
Effect of chemomechanical caries removal on bonding of resin‐modified glass ionomer cement adhesives to caries‐affected dentine
Authors: Hamama HHH , Yiu CKY , Burrow MF 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the effect of: (1) chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR); (2) dentine surface treatments and (3) dentine substrates on adhesion of resin‐modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) adhesives.MethodsOne hundred and twenty permanent molars exhibiting moderate cavitation on the occlusal surface into dentine were used. Seventy‐five carious molars were used for bond strength testing; the remaining 45 for micromorphological evaluation of the bonded interface. Caries was excavated with NaOCl‐based CMCR (Carisolv), enzyme‐based CMCR (Papacarie), or conventional rotary caries removal methods. Dentine surface treatment was performed using 37% phosphoric acid, 25–30% PAA or 20% PAA + 3% AlCl3.ResultsThree‐way ANOVA revealed that all three factors ‘caries removal methods’, ‘dentine surface treatments’ and ‘dentine substrates’ did not significantly affect bond strength (p > 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that the acid‐base resistant layer was thicker in caries‐affected dentine compared to sound dentine.ConclusionsNaOCl‐ and enzyme‐based CMCR methods have no adverse effect on adhesion of RMGIC adhesives to sound and caries‐affected dentine. Dentine surface treatment with 37% phosphoric acid for 5 s has no negative effect on bonding of RMGIC adhesives to dentine compared with using polyacrylic acid for 10 s. RMGIC adhesives bonded well to both sound and caries‐affected dentine.
Exploring child dental service use among migrant families in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Christian B , Young D , Gibbs L , de Silva A , Gold L , Riggs E , Calache H , Tadic M , Hall M , Moore L , Waters E 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study describes and explores factors related to dental service use among migrant children.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data from Teeth Tales, an exploratory trial implementing a community based child oral health promotion intervention. The sample size and target population was 600 families with 1–4 year old children from Iraqi, Lebanese and Pakistani backgrounds residing in metropolitan Melbourne. Participants were recruited into the study using purposive and snowball sampling techniques.ResultsMost (88%; 550/625) children had never visited the dentist (mean (SD) age 3.06 years (1.11)). In the fully adjusted model the variable most significantly associated with child dental visiting was parent reported ‘no reason for child to visit the dentist’ (OR = 0.07, p < 0.001). Of those children whose parents reported their child had no reason to visit the dentist, 22% (37/165) experienced dental caries with 8% (13/165) at the level of cavitation.ConclusionsDental service use by migrant preschool children was very low. The relationship between perceived dental need and dental service use is currently not aligned. One in 10 children of select migrant background had visited a dentist, which is in the context of 1 in 3 with dental caries. To improve utilization, health services should consider organizational cultural competence, outreach and increased engagement with the migrant community.
Sources of occupational stress in NSW and ACT dentists
Authors: Johns RE , Jepsen DM 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to identify and understand the chronic sources of work stress in the NSW and ACT dentistry context. Further, the study examines whether Australian dentists are exposed to similar sources of work stress as dentists internationally.MethodsA purposive sample of registered members of the NSW Branch of the Australian Dental Association (ADA) were interviewed. Participants were selected because they represented the key characteristics of the broader ADA population. Interviews were recorded and fully transcribed. Themes were identified, developed, refined and clarified using established and rigorous methods of interview investigation and analysis.ResultsA total of 18 dentists participated in the study. Inductive content analysis was used to develop six main categories of chronic sources of stress. These groupings were time and scheduling pressures, professional concerns, patient/public perceptions of dentists, staffing problems, pressures associated with treating patients and business process stressors.ConclusionsLike their international counterparts, Australian dentists are subject to a variety of job‐specific stressors. However, the most notable difference between Australian and international dentists relates to the business side of dentistry. It would appear that the Australian statutory, regulatory and industrial relations environment place unique and profound pressures on Australian dentists.