bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features of oculomotor disorders and nystagmus among children presenting congenital glaucoma
Authors: AZIZ A , MATONTI F , SAUVAN L , FAKHOURY O , PIERI E , DENIS D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Strabismus and nystagmus are often reported in congenital glaucoma ( CG), but few data are available. This study aims at describing clinical features of oculomotor disorders associated with congenital glaucoma.Methods A retrospective study was led in a service of Pediatric Ophthalmology of the South of France taking for reference the registers of the children operated for primitive CG between 2008 and 2013. We registered the caracteristics of cross‐eyed infringement, the nystagmus, refractive data and amblyopia. Tests of chi ² or exact tests of Fisher were used for the category‐specific variables and the tests of Mann‐Whitney for the quantitative variables.Results 47 children were included.2 children presented an unilateral CG. 25%(12 children) presented a strabismus ;4 had a convergent deviation (33 %) and 8 an exotropia(66 %).4 children (8 % ) had a nystagmus, and all of them had a low best corrected visual acuteness(BCVA)(BCVA lower than 0,6 LogMAR). We find an average spherical equivalent (SE) more important in myopia in the cross‐eyed population (average SE ‐1.75 D) with regard to the non strabismic population (average SE ‐0.35 D). Regarding nystagmic patients, we find a much more important average SE in myopia (average SE ‐7.8 D) with regard to the non‐strabismic population (average SE ‐0.35 D)( p: 0.016). A statistically significant link exists between amblyopia and nystagmus occurency (p Fischer: 0.013).Conclusion Most of the children taken in care for primitive CG and presenting a deviation had a visual acuteness decreased in our study. The nystagmus seems to appear for BCVA lower than 0,6 LogMAR. This amblyopia seems to have both organic origin but also refractive origin.
Microglial activation in a rat model of NAION
Authors: REMOND A , FEL A , SIMONUTTI M , IVKOVIC I , FROGER N , SAHEL J , LE HOANG P , BODAGHI B , PICAUD S , TOUITOU V 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common optic neuropathy over 50 years and there is no treatment for this condition. Activation of retinal microglial cells (RMC) is known to contribute to retinal ganglion cell (RCG) death after optic nerve injury. The purpose of this study was to examine early microglial activation and investigate the effect of minocycline on this activation in a rat model of NAION (rNAION).Methods We used a rNAION model to generate axonal ischemic infarct by rose Bengal dye laser photoactivation. NAION was induced in the right eye of each animals. 1 group received minocycline (22 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and the other had a sham injection of saline, 3 days before induction till sacrifice. Animals were euthanazied at day1, 3 and 7. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative stereology of RCG and RMC were performed on flat‐mounted retina. Expression levels of apoptosis‐related genes (Bax, caspase 3), inflammation related genes (IL‐1β, TNFα), and vascular growth factor related genes (VEGF‐a, VEGF‐R1, VEGF‐R2) were measured by qPCR.Results Microglia was activated early in the course of NAION. Quantitative analyses showed that the RMC number was increased in the right eye at day 1, 3, and 7 in both groups. Animals untreated tend to have increased activated RMC compared to controls (p>0.05). Minocycline also modulates proinflammatory cytokines expression, and caspase 3 activation.Conclusion Our results suggest that microglial activation contribute to retinal ganglion cell death after NAION. Minocycline may promote RGC survival by microglial inhibition.
The application of Colour Contrast Sensitivity test to the early prediction of chiasm damage in cases of pituitary adenoma
Authors: KRIAUCIUNIENE L , SLATKEVICIENE G , LIUTKEVICIENE R , ZALIUNIENE D , BERNOTAS G , GLEBAUSKIENE B , TAMASAUSKAS A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Our objective was to estimate the maximum colour contrast sensitivity (MCCS) thresholds in persons with damage of chiasma opticum.Methods Forty one persons with pituitary adenoma (PA) and 100 persons as age and gender matched controls were examined. Patients were divided into groups: according to who had chiasmal compression on imaging and who had not. A new computerized MCSS test program was used for colour discrimination.Results The mean of error score (ES) of MCCS in the group without chiasmal compression was 1.8 [SD, 0.38], in the group with chiasmal compression it was 3.5 [SD, 0.96], and in the control group it was 1.4 [SD, 0.31], (P<0.001). When visual acuity and visual field and fundus were normal in patients with PA, MCCS ES were 3.3 [SD, 1.8], and when VA was less than 1.0 the results were – 4.6 [SD, 2.9].Conclusion Results of MCSS test ES were 1.9 times better in patients who had not chiasmal compression compared to patients who had chiasmal compression (P<0.001). Even when VA was normal in PA patients group, their ES was 2.35 times worse compared to healthy persons, P<0.001. Financial support: Lithuanian Science Council (grant no. MIP‐008/2014).
Sudden bilateral vision loss and binasal campimetric involvement in an unusual case of lateral geniculate myelinolysis
Authors: JIMENEZ DEL RIO B , PALACIN M , PÉREZ D , ASCASO FJ 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Central pontine myelinolysis, a devastating demyelinating disease, is thought to be caused by an aggressive correction of a hyper‐ or hypo‐osmolar state. Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) has been incidentally found to be affected by an extrapontine demyelination on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although visual disturbances implicating both LGNs are unusual. We describe a campimetric involvement secondary to an intrageniculate damage.Methods A 40‐year‐old man, who was diagnosed with pancreatitis following cholecystectomy, complained of bilateral acute vision loss. His best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was counting fingers in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a slightly increased macular thickness in the nasal region of both eyes as well as an altered reflectivity of the retinal layers. Automated perimetry revealed a binasal hemianopsia and brain MRI confirmed symmetrical lesions within both LGNs. BCVA was gradually recovered, reaching 20/20 within 6 weeks.Results Lateral geniculate myelinolysis is an uncommon cause of acute bilateral vision loss which might cause retinal alterations by a retrograde way. Although MRI is the optimal imaging technique to confirm the diagnosis, OCT and visual field examination are able to detect subtle changes.Conclusion Binasal hemianopsia from intrageniculate myelinolysis has been described after rapid changes in serum sodium, following an emergency caesarean section or secondary to anaphylactic shock. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported where it was induced by fluid and electrolyte imbalance in an acute pancreatitis.
Optic neuropathy caused by type A botulinic toxin
Authors: MORREALE BUBELLA R , VADALA M , MORREALE BUBELLA D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To report the development of an optical neuropathy after injection of type A botulinic toxin in a subject with blepharospasm.Methods Optical neuropathy was evaluated through a complete ophthalmologic examination consisting of bio‐microscopy, tonometry and study of visual sharpness, colour test, visual field, OCT, fluorangiography and determination of VEPs.Results Intravenous therapy was begun with Metilprednisolone (20 mg/Kg/day) and Vitamin B6 associated with oral Citicoline, and there was a clear improvement down to normalization of the symptoms. After 6 months the Humphrey computerized visual field with central 30‐2 program threshold test emphasised in ODx an upper half‐field arc‐shaped defect starting from the optical papilla and also affecting the fixation zone, while for the left eye the perimeter picture was always normal. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination of the peripapillary nervous fibres and of the head of the optical nerve highlighted a reduction in thickness of the papillary fibres with a rim area of 0.011 compared to the contralateral side, which presented a normal thickness of the fibres and a rim area of 0.026. The colour test was normal and the speed of execution of the test proved to be equal in the two eyes.Conclusion The authors draw attention to the need for correct administration of the botulinic toxin in the treatment of blepharospasm.
Telocytes subtypes in human urinary bladder
Authors: Vannucchi Maria‐Giuliana , Traini Chiara , Guasti Daniele , Giulio Del Popolo , Faussone‐Pellegrini Maria‐Simonetta 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUrinary bladder voiding is a complex mechanism depending upon interplay among detrusor, urothelium, sensory and motor neurons and connective tissue cells. The identity of some of the latter cells is still controversial. We presently attempted to clarify their phenotype(s) in the human urinary bladder by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry. At this latter aim, we used CD34, PDGFRα, αSMA, c‐Kit and calreticulin antibodies. Both, TEM and immunohistochemistry, showed cells that, sharing several telocyte (TC) characteristics, we identified as TC; these cells, however, differed from each other in some ultrastructural features and immunolabelling according to their location. PDGFRα/calret‐positive, CD34/c‐Kit‐negative TC were located in the sub‐urothelium and distinct in two subtypes whether, similarly to myofibroblasts, they were αSMA‐positive and had attachment plaques. The sub‐urothelial TC formed a mixed network with myofibroblasts and were close to numerous nerve endings, many of which nNOS‐positive. A third TC subtype, PDGFRα/αSMA/c‐Kit‐negative, CD34/calret‐positive, ultrastructurally typical, was located in the submucosa and detrusor. Briefly, in the human bladder, we found three TC subtypes. Each subtype likely forms a network building a 3‐D scaffold able to follow the bladder wall distension and relaxation and avoiding anomalous wall deformation. The TC located in the sub‐urothelium, a region considered a sort of sensory system for the micturition reflex, as forming a network with myofibroblasts, possessing specialized junctions with extracellular matrix and being close to nerve endings, might have a role in bladder reflexes. In conclusions, the urinary bladder contains peculiar TC able to adapt their morphology to the organ activity.
The functional coupling of the deep abdominal and paraspinal muscles: the effects of simulated paraspinal muscle contraction on force transfer to the middle and posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia
Authors: Vleeming A. , Schuenke M. D. , Danneels L. , Willard F. H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) consists of aponeurotic and fascial layers that interweave the paraspinal and abdominal muscles into a complex matrix stabilizing the lumbosacral spine. To better understand low back pain, it is essential to appreciate how these muscles cooperate to influence lumbopelvic stability. This study tested the following hypotheses: (i) pressure within the TLF's paraspinal muscular compartment (PMC) alters load transfer between the TLF's posterior and middle layers (PLF and MLF); and (ii) with increased tension of the common tendon of the transversus abdominis (CTrA) and internal oblique muscles and incremental PMC pressure, fascial tension is primarily transferred to the PLF. In cadaveric axial sections, paraspinal muscles were replaced with inflatable tubes to simulate paraspinal muscle contraction. At each inflation increment, tension was created in the CTrA to simulate contraction of the deep abdominal muscles. Fluoroscopic images and load cells captured changes in the size, shape and tension of the PMC due to inflation, with and without tension to the CTrA. In the absence of PMC pressure, increasing tension on the CTrA resulted in anterior and lateral movement of the PMC. PMC inflation in the absence of tension to the CTrA resulted in a small increase in the PMC perimeter and a larger posterior displacement. Combining PMC inflation and tension to the CTrA resulted in an incremental increase in PLF tension without significantly altering tension in the MLF. Paraspinal muscle contraction leads to posterior displacement of the PLF. When expansion is combined with abdominal muscle contraction, the CTrA and internal oblique transfers tension almost exclusively to the PLF, thereby girdling the paraspinal muscles. The lateral border of the PMC is restrained from displacement to maintain integrity. Posterior movement of the PMC represents an increase of the PLF extension moment arm. Dysfunctional paraspinal muscles would reduce the posterior displacement of the PLF and increase the compliance of the lateral border. The resulting change in PMC geometry could diminish any effects of increased tension of the CTrA. This study reveals a co‐dependent mechanism involving balanced tension between deep abdominal and lumbar spinal muscles, which are linked through the aponeurotic components of the TLF. This implies the existence of a point of equal tension between the paraspinal muscles and the transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles, acting through the CTrA.
Motivational Basis of Personality Traits: A Meta‐Analysis of Value‐Personality Correlations
Authors: Fischer Ronald , Boer Diana 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe investigated the relationships between personality traits and basic value dimensions. Furthermore, we developed novel country‐level hypotheses predicting that contextual threat moderates value‐personality trait relationships. We conducted a three‐level v‐known meta‐analysis of correlations between Big Five traits and Schwartz's (1992) 10 values involving 9,935 participants from 14 countries. Variations in contextual threat (measured as resource threat, ecological threat, and restrictive social institutions) were used as country‐level moderator variables. We found systematic relationships between Big Five traits and human values that varied across contexts. Overall, correlations between Openness traits and the Conservation value dimension and Agreeableness traits and the Transcendence value dimension were strongest across all samples. Correlations between values and all personality traits (except Extraversion) were weaker in contexts with greater financial, ecological, and social threats. In contrast, stronger personality‐value links are typically found in contexts with low financial and ecological threats and more democratic institutions and permissive social context. These effects explained on average more than 10% of the variability in value‐personality correlations. Our results provide strong support for systematic linkages between personality and broad value dimensions, but they also point out that these relations are shaped by contextual factors.
The Role of Poverty and Chaos in the Development of Task Persistence Among Adolescents
Authors: Fuller‐Rowell Thomas E. , Evans Gary W. , Paul Elise , Curtis David S. 
Published: August 2014

Late adolescents (N = 256;Mage = 17.5) who spent a larger proportion of their early life in poverty exhibited less persistence when confronted by a challenging task. Greater chaos during early adolescence also predicted less task persistence at age 17. However, the effects of poverty were moderated by chaos such that if chaos levels were high during early adolescence, task persistence was uniformly lower among late adolescents, irrespective of childhood poverty. Only when chaos levels were relatively low did poverty matter for future task persistence. Furthermore, the interactive effects of chaos and early childhood poverty were independent of child ability, and of concurrent chaos and poverty.
Calcification of the Internal Pudendal Artery and Development of Erectile Dysfunction in Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Sentinel of Systemic Vascular Changes
Authors: Maio M. Tina , McCabe Kristin M. , Pruss Cynthia M. , Pang Judith J. , Laverty Kimberly , Holden Rachel M. , Adams Michael A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), erectile dysfunction (ED), and cardiovascular disease share common vascular etiologies and risk factors.

Aim
Using a rat model, this is the first study to characterize the consequences of CKD in the onset and development of ED associated with differential regional vascular calcification and circulatory changes.

Methods
Stable CKD was generated at 3 weeks in male Sprague-Dawley rats given dietary adenine and progressed until 7 weeks. Mineral content and morphometry were assessed in the internal pudendal arteries (IPAs), thoracic aorta, and carotid artery. Endothelial function was determined via changes in serum von Willebrand factor (VWF) and endothelium-dependent relaxation of the thoracic aorta.

Results
In severe CKD rats, calcium and phosphate content in all arteries increased, and pulse wave velocity was elevated. Distal IPA segments, in particular, were the first to calcify, but penile tissue per se did not. CKD rats had endothelial dysfunction, as indicated by a decrease in acetylcholine-mediated relaxation (∼40%) and an increase in serum VWF (∼40%), as well as increased lumen diameter (20%) of the distal IPA. Erectile function, assessed using a centrally acting dopaminergic agent, was significantly impaired by 7 weeks (∼40%).

Conclusions
In CKD, the distal IPA appears to be more susceptible to vascular dysfunction and calcification. Additionally, the onset of ED may be an important sentinel of impending systemic vascular disease. To confirm this concept, future experimental and clinical studies will need to examine a range of vessel types and the use of supplementary methods to assess erectile function.
Stress and land‐use legacies alter the relationship between invasive‐ and native‐ plant richness
Authors: Bart David , Davenport Tara , Carpenter Quentin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractQuestionsDoes the driver of native richness impact invasion–diversity relationships? In high stress systems, do negative invasion–diversity relationships emerge from biotic resistance (as predicted by the diversity–resistance hypothesis) or from stress acting as a selective driver of native richness? Do invasion–diversity relationships change when abiotic and biotic legacies, rather than stress, act as non‐selective drivers of richness?LocationCalcareous fens, Wisconsin, USA.MethodsWe compared plot‐level relationships between native and invasive species richness in 220 plots in 11 calcareous fens, six of which had stress alleviation and community impoverishment due to historic ploughing. We measured nutrient availability (resource stress) and saturation stress (non‐resource stress), native richness and invasive richness in each plot.ResultsResidual maximum likelihood (REML) regression found a negative correlation between native and invasive richness in never ploughed plots, but no relationship was found in ploughed plots. REML multiple regression found that after accounting for saturation and nutrients, there was no relationship between native and invasive richness in ploughed or never ploughed plots. Saturation stress predicted low invasive richness and high native richness in never ploughed plots. Time since abandonment did not predict invasive richness. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) found most invasive species present only in areas with the least saturation stress.ConclusionsNegative relationships between native and invasive richness can result when the main driver of native richness favour native species (such as stress), and therefore may not support the diversity–resistance hypothesis. When the main driver of native richness does not select between native and invasive richness, there may be no relationship between native and invasive richness, even at very small spatial scales.
A critical domain of Sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus nucleotide‐binding protein (NaBp) for RNA silencing suppression, nuclear localization and viral pathogenesis
Authors: Deng Xing‐Guang , Peng Xing‐Ji , Zhu Feng , Chen Ying‐Juan , Zhu Tong , Qin Shao‐Bo , Xi De‐Hui , Lin Hong‐Hui 
Published: August 2014

SummaryRNA silencing is an important mechanism of antiviral defence in plants. To counteract this resistance mechanism, many viruses have evolved RNA silencing suppressors. In this study, we analysed five proteins encoded by Sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus (SPCFV) for their abilities to suppress RNA silencing using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐based transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c plants. Our results showed that a putative nucleotide‐binding protein (NaBp), but not other proteins encoded by the virus, could efficiently suppress local and systemic RNA silencing induced by either sense or double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules. Deletion mutation analysis of NaBp demonstrated that the basic motif (an arginine‐rich region) was critical for its RNA silencing suppression activity. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging of transfected protoplasts expressing NaBp fused to GFP, we showed that NaBp accumulated predominantly in the nucleus. Mutational analysis of NaBp demonstrated that the basic motif represented part of the nuclear localization signal. In addition, we demonstrated that the basic motif in NaBp was a pathogenicity determinant in the Potato virus X (PVX) heterogeneous system. Overall, our results demonstrate that the basic motif of SPCFV NaBp plays a critical role in RNA silencing suppression, nuclear localization and viral pathogenesis.
The Healthcare Utilization and Cost of Treating Patients Experiencing Inappropriate Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Shocks: A Propensity Score Study
Authors: BHAVNANI SANJEEV P. , GIEDRIMIENE DALIA , COLEMAN CRAIG I. , GUERTIN DANETTE , AZEEM MEENA , KLUGER JEFFREY 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundInappropriate shocks (IASs) from implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are associated with decreased quality of life, but whether they increase healthcare utilization and treatment costs is unknown. We sought to determine the impact of IASs on subsequent healthcare utilization and treatment costs.MethodsWe conducted a case‐control analysis of ICD patients at a single institution from 1997 to 2010 and who had ≥12 months of post‐ICD implant follow‐up. Cases included all patients experiencing an IAS during the first 12 months after implantation. Eligible control patients did not receive a shock of any kind during the 12 months after implantation. Propensity scores based on 36 covariates (area under curve = 0.78) were used to match cases to controls. We compared the rate (occurrences/person year [PY]) of healthcare utilization immediately following IAS to the end of the 12‐month follow‐up period to the rate in the no‐shock group over 12 months of follow‐up. We also compared 12‐month postimplant treatment (outpatient clinic, emergency room, and hospitalization) costs in both groups.ResultsA total of 76 patients experiencing ≥1 IAS during the first 12 months after implant (contributing 48 PYs) were matched to 76 no‐shock patients (contributing 76 PYs). Cardiovascular (CV)‐related clinic visit and hospitalization rates were increased following an IAS compared to those not receiving a shock (4.0 vs 3.3 and 0.7 vs 0.5, respectively, P = 0.02 for both). CV‐related emergency room visitation (0.15 vs 0.08) rates were also numerically higher following an IAS, but did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.26). Patients experiencing an IAS accrued greater treatment costs during the 12 months postimplant compared to no‐shock patients ($13,973 ± $46,345 vs $6,790 ± $19,091, P = 0.001).ConclusionRecipients of IAS utilize the healthcare system more frequently following an IAS than patients not experiencing a shock. This increased utilization results in higher costs of treating IAS patients during the 12 months postimplant.