bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comorbidities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients: a systematic literature review
Authors: Raghu Ganesh , Amatto Valeria C. , Behr Jürgen , Stowasser Susanne 
Published: October 2015

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with a fatal prognosis and manifests in patients over 60 years old who may have comorbidities. The prevalence and impact of comorbidities on the clinical course of IPF is unclear.This systematic literature review examined the prevalence of comorbidities and mortality associated with comorbidities in IPF patients. Relevant observational studies published in English from January 1990 to January 2015 identifiedviaMEDLINE and EMBASE were included; bibliographies of articles were also searched.Among the 126 studies included, prevalence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) was 3–86%, 6–91% for obstructive sleep apnoea, 3–48% for lung cancer and 6–67% for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nonrespiratory comorbidities included ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (3–68%) and gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) (0–94%). Mortality was highest among patients with IPF and lung cancer. Most studies assessed relatively small samples of patients with IPF.PH, COPD, lung cancer, GER and IHD are significant comorbidities; differences in IPF severity, case definitions and patient characteristics limited the comparability of findings. The identification and prompt treatment of comorbidities may have a clinically significant impact on overall outcome that is meaningful for patients with IPF.
Vulnerability of Brazilian municipalities to hantavirus infections based on multi-criteria decision analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Stefan Vilges , Fonseca Lidsy Ximenes , de Araújo Vilges Keline Medeiros , Maniglia Fernanda Voietta Pinna , Pereira Simone Valéria Costa , de Caldas Eduardo Pacheco , Tauil Pedro Luiz , Gurgel-Gonçalves Rodrigo 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Background
Hantavirus infection is an emerging zoonosis transmitted by wild rodents. In Brazil, high case-fatality rates among humans infected with hantavirus are of serious concern to public health authorities. Appropriate preventive measures partly depend on reliable knowledge about the geographical distribution of this disease.

Methods
Incidence of hantavirus infections in Brazil (1993–2013) was analyzed. Epidemiological, socioeconomic, and demographic indicators were also used to classify cities’ vulnerability to disease by means of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA).

Results
From 1993 to 2013, 1752 cases of hantavirus were registered in 16 Brazilian states. The highest incidence of hantavirus was observed in the states of Mato Grosso (0.57/100,000) and Santa Catarina (0.13/100,000). Based on MCDA analysis, municipalities in the southern, southeastern, and midwestern regions of Brazil can be classified as highly vulnerable. Most municipalities in northern and northeastern Brazil were classified as having low vulnerability to hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.

Conclusions
Although most human infections by hantavirus registered in Brazil occurred in the southern region of the country, a greater vulnerability to hantavirus was found in the Brazilian Midwest. This result reflects the need to strengthen surveillance where the disease has thus far gone unreported.
From the Editor's desk
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep 
Published: October 2015

Apples, refugees & emotionsThe Syrian refugee crisis is a reminder that conflict and war have
consequences of immense public health importance. Professor Hans Rosling
has produced a simple but incisive account of the scale of the problem
facing Europe
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uljFaRuJ68&spfreload=10). If an
apple represents 1 million Syrian people, 20 apples represent the Syrian
population, 12 apples represent displaced populations, 4 of which are
external to Syria. A quarter of an apple represents asylum seekers coming
to the EU. The disproportionate burden of immediate and long-term health
consequences falls on Syria and surrounding nations such as Lebanon and
Turkey. Not only is there loss of life due to war and direct actions and
injuries, political persecution by state or non-state forces leads to
mass migrations of people seeking safety, security, and a future for
themselves and their children. The tragic images of a 3-year-old boy,
Alan Kurdi, lying on a Turkish beach after failing to survive a sea
crossing, have sparked a rethink among world leaders. What should be
their response to humanitarian crises and asylum seekers?
Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Orgeta Vasiliki , Qazi Afifa , Spector Aimee , Orrell Martin 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundAnxiety and depression are common in people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of both pharmacological and psychological therapies.AimsTo evaluate the evidence of effectiveness of psychological treatments in treating depression and anxiety in people with dementia and MCI.MethodWe carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of psychological treatment versus usual care in people with dementia and MCI. Primary outcomes were symptoms of anxiety and depression. Secondary outcomes were quality of life, ability to perform daily activities, neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognition and caregivers' self-rated depressive symptoms.ResultsWe included six RCTs, involving 439 participants with dementia, which used cognitive–behavioural therapy, interpersonal therapy, counselling or multimodal interventions including a specific psychological therapy. We found beneficial effects for both depression and anxiety. Overall, the quality of the evidence was moderate for depression and low for anxiety, due to the methodological limitations of the studies we identified and the limited number of trials.ConclusionsThe evidence from six RCTs suggests that psychological treatments are effective in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety for people with dementia. There is a need for high-quality, multicentre trials including standardised, well-defined interventions.Declarations of interestA.Q., A.S. and M.O. are investigators in one of the included studies.
Mood instability: Significance, definition and
measurement
Authors: Broome M. R. , Saunders K. E. A. , Harrison P. J. , Marwaha S. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryMood instability is common, and an important feature of several psychiatric
disorders. We discuss the definition and measurement of mood instability,
and review its prevalence, characteristics, neurobiological correlates and
clinical implications. We suggest that mood instability has underappreciated
transdiagnostic potential as an investigational and therapeutic target.
Psychological treatment for depression and anxiety associated
with dementia and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Ford Andrew H. , Almeida Osvaldo P. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryDepression and anxiety are commonly associated with cognitive impairment. A
systematic review of psychological treatments that appears in this issue of
the Journal highlights the current paucity of good-quality data, but
suggests these interventions hold promise. Given the increasing burden of
dementia in our community, novel adequately powered randomised controlled
trials in this area are urgently needed.
Single-Molecule Sequencing Reveals Estrogen-Regulated Clinically Relevant lncRNAs in Breast Cancer
Authors: Jonsson Philip , Coarfa Cristian , Mesmar Fahmi , Raz Tal , Rajapakshe Kimal , Thompson John F. , Gunaratne Preethi H. , Williams Cecilia 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)α-positive tumors are commonly treated with ERα antagonists or inhibitors of estrogen synthesis, but most tumors develop resistance, and we need to better understand the pathways that underlie the proliferative and tumorigenic role of this estrogen-activated transcription factor. We here present the first single-molecule sequencing of the estradiol-induced ERα transcriptome in the luminal A-type human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D. Sequencing libraries were prepared from the polyadenylated RNA fraction after 8 hours of estrogen or vehicle treatment. Single-molecule sequencing was carried out in biological and technical replicates and differentially expressed genes were defined and analyzed for enriched processes. Correlation analysis with clinical expression and survival were performed, and follow-up experiments carried out using time series, chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative real-time PCR. We uncovered that ERα in addition to regulating approximately 2000 protein-coding genes, also regulated up to 1000 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Most of these were up-regulated, and 178 lncRNAs were regulated in both cell lines. We demonstrate that Long Intergenic Non-protein Coding RNA 1016 (LINC01016) and LINC00160 are direct transcriptional targets of ERα, correlate with ERα expression in clinical samples, and show prognostic significance in relation to breast cancer survival. We show that silencing of LINC00160 results in reduced proliferation, demonstrating that lncRNA expression have functional consequences. Our findings suggest that ERα regulation of lncRNAs is clinically relevant and that their functions and potential use as biomarkers for endocrine response are important to explore.
Antenatal parenting support for vulnerable women
Authors: White Jane , Thompson Lucy , Puckering Christine , Waugh Harriet , Henderson Marion , MacBeth Angus , Wilson Philip 
Published: October 2015

Background: Social adversity and poor maternal mental health during pregnancy can have long-term adverse effects on the infant's health, social and educational outcomes. Stress in pregnancy may have direct physiological effects on the fetus, as well as impairing development of maternal sensitivity to the infant. Improved antenatal support and more effective engagement with ‘high-risk’ expectant mothers is needed. Method: Pregnant women meeting high-risk criteria were invited to participate. Participants (n=35) were randomly allocated in clusters of six to either Mellow Bumps (a 6-week antenatal parenting programme that aims to decrease maternal stress levels and emphasises the importance of early interaction in enhancing brain development and attachment), Chill-out in Pregnancy (a 6-week stress reduction programme) or care-as-usual. Results: The interventions are promising in terms of maternal mental health. Qualitative feedback suggested that the interventions' format was acceptable. A larger trial may be justified if effect sizes can be estimated with more precision.
The treatment of arthritis of the wrist
Authors: Logan J. S. , Warwick D. 
Published: October 2015

Arthritis of the wrist is a painful disabling condition that has various causes and presentations. The traditional treatment has been a total wrist fusion at a price of the elimination of movement. However, forms of treatment which allow the preservation of movement are now preferred. Modern arthroplasties of the wrist are still not sufficiently robust to meet the demands of many patients, nor do they restore normal kinematics of the wrist. A preferable compromise may be selective excision and partial fusion of the wrist using knowledge of the aetiology and pattern of degenerative change to identify which joints can be sacrificed and which can be preserved.This article provides an overview of the treatment options available for patients with arthritis of the wrist and an algorithm for selecting an appropriate surgical strategy.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1303–8.
Cauda equina syndrome
Authors: Todd N. V. 
Published: October 2015

There is no universally agreed definition of cauda equina syndrome (CES). Clinical signs of CES including direct rectal examination (DRE) do not reliably correlate with cauda equina (CE) compression on MRI. Clinical assessment only becomes reliable if there are symptoms/signs of late, often irreversible, CES. The only reliable way of including or excluding CES is to perform MRI on all patients with suspected CES. If the diagnosis is being considered, MRI should ideally be performed locally in the District General Hospitals within one hour of the question being raised irrespective of the hour or the day. Patients with symptoms and signs of CES and MRI confirmed CE compression should be referred to the local spinal service for emergency surgery. CES can be subdivided by the degree of neurological deficit (bilateral radiculopathy, incomplete CES or CES with retention of urine) and also by time to surgical treatment (12, 24, 48 or 72 hour). There is increasing understanding that damage to the cauda equina nerve roots occurs in a continuous and progressive fashion which implies that there are no safe time or deficit thresholds. Neurological deterioration can occur rapidly and is often associated with longterm poor outcomes. It is not possible to predict which patients with a large central disc prolapse compressing the CE nerve roots are going to deteriorate neurologically nor how rapidly. Consensus guidelines from the Society of British Neurological Surgeons and British Association of Spinal Surgeons recommend decompressive surgery as soon as practically possible which for many patients will be urgent/emergency surgery at any hour of the day or night. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1390–4
The management of an infected total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Gehrke T. , Alijanipour P. , Parvizi J. 
Published: October 2015

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most feared and challenging complications following total knee arthroplasty. We provide a detailed description of our current understanding regarding the management of PJI of the knee, including diagnostic aids, pre-operative planning, surgical treatment, and outcome. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B(10 Suppl A):20–9.
Alignment and fixation in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Oussedik S. , Abdel M. P. , Cross M. B. , Haddad F. S. 
Published: October 2015

Many aspects of total knee arthroplasty have changed since its inception. Modern prosthetic design, better fixation techniques, improved polyethylene wear characteristics and rehabilitation, have all contributed to a large change in revision rates. Arthroplasty patients now expect longevity of their prostheses and demand functional improvement to match. This has led to a re-examination of the long-held belief that mechanical alignment is instrumental to a successful outcome and a focus on restoring healthy joint kinematics. A combination of kinematic restoration and uncemented, adaptable fixation may hold the key to future advances.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B(10 Suppl A):16–19.
The difficult primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Baldini A. , Castellani L. , Traverso F. , Balatri A. , Balato G. , Franceschini V. 
Published: October 2015

Primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a reliable procedure with reproducible long-term results. Nevertheless, there are conditions related to the type of patient or local conditions of the knee that can make it a difficult procedure. The most common scenarios that make it difficult are discussed in this review. These include patients with many previous operations and incisions, and those with severe coronal deformities, genu recurvatum, a stiff knee, extra-articular deformities and those who have previously undergone osteotomy around the knee and those with chronic dislocation of the patella.Each condition is analysed according to the characteristics of the patient, the pre-operative planning and the reported outcomes.When approaching the difficult primary TKA surgeons should use a systematic approach, which begins with the review of the existing literature for each specific clinical situation.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B(10 Suppl A):30–9.
Clay-Mineral Transformations and Heavy-Metal Release in Paddy Soils Formed on Serpentinites in Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Hseu Zeng-Yei , Zehetner Franz , Ottner Franz , Iizuka Yoshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSerpentinites, which contain high concentrations of Cr and Ni, weather easily into layer silicates and are therefore a possible source of metal contamination in soils. In the present study three soil profiles formed on serpentinites in a paddy field in eastern Taiwan were investigated to understand pedogenic clay-mineral transformations and to determine the relationship between the mineralogical characteristics and labile Cr and Ni in the soil. To this end, physicochemical analyses, micromorphology, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed. Serpentine and chlorite were the dominant minerals in the soil parent material, with smaller amounts of pyroxene, amphibole, and talc. Progressive weathering and the release of cations from the parent material resulted in the pedogenic formation of smectite, vermiculite, and interstratified chlorite-vermiculite, demonstrated by their presence in all Ap and AC horizons but their absence from the C horizons. Serpentine, pyroxene, amphibole, and talc are proposed to be transformed to low-charge smectite, while chlorite transformed to vermiculite through an interstratified chlorite-vermiculite phase. The surface soils were enriched in oxalate-extractable Fe relative to the subsoils, which was probably generated by the artificial flooding and draining of the paddy soils. The artificial flooding, which typically releases Fe, may also drive the observed partial hydroxyl interlayering of smectite and incomplete interlayer OH sheets of chlorite. Labile Cr and Ni (extracted with 0.1 N HCl) ranging from 4.7 to 26.8 mg kg−1 and from 56 to 365 mg kg−1, respectively, increased significantly toward the surface soil, consistent with weathering. The heavy metals released may pose a threat to the environment as well as to human health by entering the food chain.
Production of public space and everyday life in a gentrified area of Lisbon1
Authors: Pereira Patrícia 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
During the last decade of the twentieth century, 3.4 km2 of Lisbon’s eastern waterfront was converted from an industrial, commercial and working-class residence area into a high-end residential, office, leisure and consumption complex now called Parque das Nações. Expo ’98 constituted the occasion for implementing this publicly-funded project that is part of the global, competitive and uneven logic that characterizes contemporary urban development. Parque das Nações was envisioned to become a place where residents, workers and visitors could experience everyday life in a stressless and informal manner: its public spaces were planned to be used as relaxing, breathing spaces in the heart of a modern and busy metropolis. Building on the seminal works of Lefebvre (1974) and De Certeau (2005), this article pursues two main objectives: to describe the process of new-build gentrification, triggered by Expo ’98, that resulted in today’s Parque das Nações and to show how its public spaces, although they are excessively planned and controlled, produce and become products of multiple forms of spatial practices, experiences and social interactions.
Effects of thermomechanical and thermocycling on the shear bond strength of brackets to bovine enamel bonded with conventional and self-etching adhesive systems
Authors: Torres Luciana Sarmento , Alves Levy Anderson César , Fava Marcelo , Di Nicoló Rebeca 
Published: October 2015

Several adhesive systems have been developed in the last decade. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with conventional primers or self-etching primers, artificially aged by means of thermocycling and thermomechanical procedures.90 bovine incisors were used in the investigation. The roots were sectioned in the amelo-cementary junction. All samples were randomly divided in 2 groups ( n= 45), according to the primer used for bracket bonding. XT Group–hydrophobic conventional primer (Transbond XT, 3M unitek, Monrovia, Calif); SEP Group –self-etching primer (Transbond Plus SEP, 3 M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). All specimens were bonded with XT Transbond resin adhesive (3 M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). A Universal Testing Machine EMIC DL2000 (EMIC Equip. Sist. Ensaio Ltda., São José dos Pinhais, PR, Brazil) was used for the collection of the values of SBS resistance. The results of the current study were: (Prompt L-Pop 1.72±0.13 MPa; Clearfil SE Bond 1.75±0.19 MPa; FL Bond 1.71±0.22 MPa; One-Up Bond 1.77±0.14 MPa; XT Control 10.5±0.86 MPa). In conclusion: the number of cycles in thermal and thermo mechanical cycling did not influence shear bond strength values for any of the primers tested;SEP Transbond Plus showed the greatest values for bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
Bottom-up learning of hierarchical models in a class of deterministic POMDP environments
Authors: Itoh Hideaki , Fukumoto Hisao , Wakuya Hiroshi , Furukawa Tatsuya 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The theory of partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) is a useful tool for developing various intelligent agents, and learning hierarchical POMDP models is one of the key approaches for building such agents when the environments of the agents are unknown and large. To learn hierarchical models, bottom-up learning methods in which learning takes place in a layer-by-layer manner from the lowest to the highest layer are already extensively used in some research fields such as hidden Markov models and neural networks. However, little attention has been paid to bottom-up approaches for learning POMDP models. In this paper, we present a novel bottom-up learning algorithm for hierarchical POMDP models and prove that, by using this algorithm, a perfect model (i.e., a model that can perfectly predict future observations) can be learned at least in a class of deterministic POMDP environments
Acoustic analysis assessment in speech pathology detection
Authors: Panek Daria , Skalski Andrzej , Gajda Janusz , Tadeusiewicz Ryszard 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Automatic detection of voice pathologies enables non-invasive, low cost and objective assessments of the presence of disorders, as well as accelerating and improving the process of diagnosis and clinical treatment given to patients. In this work, a vector made up of 28 acoustic parameters is evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA), kernel principal component analysis (kPCA) and an auto-associative neural network (NLPCA) in four kinds of pathology detection (hyperfunctional dysphonia, functional dysphonia, laryngitis, vocal cord paralysis) using the a, i and u vowels, spoken at a high, low and normal pitch. The results indicate that the kPCA and NLPCA methods can be considered a step towards pathology detection of the vocal folds. The results show that such an approach provides acceptable results for this purpose, with the best efficiency levels of around 100%. The study brings the most commonly used approaches to speech signal processing together and leads to a comparison of the machine learning methods determining the health status of the patient