bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
m6A reader IGF2BP2 promotes M2 macrophage polarization and malignant biological behavior of bladder cancer by stabilizing NRP1 mRNA expression
Authors: Fu Dian , Shi Xiuquan , Yi Xiaoming , Wu Ding , He Haowei , Zhou Wenquan , Cheng Wen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) has been confirmed to play oncogenic role in many cancers. However, the role and mechanism of IGF2BP2 in bladder cancer (BCa) still deserves to be further revealed.

Methods
The mRNA and protein levels of IGF2BP2 and neuronilin-1 (NRP1) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were determined using colony formation assay, EdU assay, CCK8 assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay. Xenograft tumor model was conducted to evaluate the role of IGF2BP2 in vivo. THP-1-M0 macrophages were co-cultured with the condition medium (CM) of BCa cells to induce polarization. M2 macrophage polarization was assessed by detecting the mRNA levels of M2 macrophage markers using RT-qPCR and measuring the proportion of M2 macrophage markers using flow cytometry. Moreover, MeRIP and RIP assay were performed to assess m6A level and the interaction between IGF2BP2 and NRP1.

Results
IGF2BP2 and NRP1 were upregulated in BCa tissues and cells. IGF2BP2 knockdown suppressed BCa cell growth and metastasis, as well as inhibited BCa tumor growth. After THP-1-M0 macrophages were co-cultured with the CM of BCa cells, the levels of M2 macrophage markers were markedly enhanced, while this effect was abolished by IGF2BP2 knockdown. IGF2BP2 level was positively correlated with NRP1 level, and it could increase NRP1 mRNA stability. NRP1 overexpression reversed the suppressive effect of IGF2BP2 knockdown on M2 macrophage polarization and BCa cell progression.

Conclusion
m6A-reader IGF2BP2 enhanced M2 macrophage polarization and BCa cell progression by promoting NRP1 mRNA stability.
Comorbidities and use of health services in people with diabetes mellitus according to risk levels by adjusted morbidity groups
Authors: Barrio-Cortes Jaime , Mateos-Carchenilla María Pilar , Martínez-Cuevas María , Beca-Martínez María Teresa , Herrera-Sancho Elvira , López-Rodríguez María Carmen , Jaime-Sisó María Ángeles , Ruiz-López Montserrat 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
People with diabetes mellitus frequently have other comorbidities and involve greater use of primary and hospital care services. The aim of this study was to describe the comorbidities and use of primary and hospital care services of people with diabetes according to their risk level by adjusted morbidity groups (AMG) and to analyse the factors associated with the utilisation of these services.

Methods
Cross-sectional study. People with diabetes were identified within the population of patients with chronic conditions of an urban health care centre by the AMG stratification tool integrated into the primary health care electronic clinical record of the Community of Madrid. Sociodemographic, functional, clinical characteristics and annual health care services utilisation variables were collected. Univariate, bivariate and Poisson regression analyses were performed.

Results
A total of 1,063 people with diabetes were identified, representing 10.8% of patients with chronic conditions within the health centre. A total of 51.4% were female, the mean age was 70 years, 94.4% had multimorbidity. According to their risk level, 17.8% were high-risk, 40.6% were medium-risk and 41.6% were low-risk. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (70%), dyslipidaemia (67%) and obesity (32.4%). Almost 50% were polymedicated. Regarding health services utilisation, 94% were users of primary care, and 59.3% were users of hospital care. Among the main factors associated with the utilisation of both primary and hospital care services were AMG risk level and complexity index. In primary care, utilisation was also associated with the need for primary caregivers, palliative care and comorbidities such as chronic heart failure and polymedication, while in hospital care, utilisation was also associated with comorbidities such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or depression.

Conclusions
People with diabetes were older, with important needs for care, many associated comorbidities and polypharmacy that increased in parallel with the patient’s risk level and complexity. The utilisation of primary and hospital care services was very high, being more frequent in primary care. Health services utilization were principally associated with functional factors related to the need of care and with clinical factors such as AMG medium and high-risk level, more complexity index, some serious comorbidities and polymedication.
The damage and remineralization strategies of dental hard tissues following radiotherapy
Authors: Yao Lin , Li Yanyao , Fu Di , Wang Ye , Hua Chengge , Zou Ling , Jiang Li 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study pursued two main purposes. The first aim was to expound on the microscopic factors of radiation-related caries (RRC). Further, it aimed to compare the remineralization effect of different remineralizing agents on demineralized teeth after radiotherapy.

Methods
The enamel and dentin samples of bovine teeth were irradiated with different doses of radiation. After analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), the samples irradiated with 50 Gy radiation were selected and divided into the demineralization group, the double distilled water (DDW) group, the Sodium fluoride (NaF) group, the Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) group, the NaF + CPP-ACP group, and the Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) group. After demineralization, remineralizing agents treatment, and remineralization, the samples were evaluated using SEM, atomic force microscope (AFM), EDS, and transverse microradiography (TMR).

Results
A radiation dose of 30 Gy was sufficient to cause damage to the dentinal tubules, but 70 Gy radiation had little effect on the microstructure of enamel. Additionally, the NaF + CPP-ACP group and the TiF4 group significantly promoted deposit formation, decreased surface roughness, and reduced mineral loss and lesion depth of demineralized enamel and dentin samples after radiation.

Conclusions
Radiation causes more significant damage to dentin compared to enamel. NaF + CPP-ACP and TiF4 had a promising ability to promote remineralization of irradiated dental hard tissues.

Advances in knowledge
This in vitro study contributes to determining a safer radiation dose range for teeth and identifying the most effective remineralization approach for RRC.
The usefulness of ultrasonography as a dynamic measurement system for visualizing root canal working length: an in vivo study
Authors: Eren İrem , Deniz Yeşim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
Although apex locators are generally effective tools for determining root canal working length, they may produce inaccurate results in some cases. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography as an alternative method for measuring root canal length.

Materials and methods
Forty-seven anterior teeth with apical lesions were selected for the study. Initially, an electronic apex locator was used to measure the working length. Subsequently, ultrasonography was employed to visualize the root apex and determine the working length. During ultrasound imaging, a K-file No. 15 was inserted into the root canal until its tip was visible on the ultrasound monitor. Measurements obtained from both methods were compared using an independent sample t-test. Correlations were assessed with the Pearson correlation coefficient, and agreement was determined using the Bland‒Altman plot.

Results
The mean working canal length was 19.9 mm for the apex locator and 20.6 mm for the ultrasonography-guided method. No significant differences were observed between the data obtained using the apex locator method and the data obtained using the ultrasonography guidance method. Furthermore, a high level of agreement was identified between the two techniques.

Conclusion
Ultrasonography can be used to visualize the apex effectively and determine canal length, especially when canal length determination is uncertain for various reasons.
Evaluation of the efficacy and quality of life in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders treated with Kovacs digital occlusal splint: a pilot study
Authors: Xu Qiang , Li Jing , Wang Chi , Hu Sun-Qiang , Chen Yin , Nie Xin , Xiao Jin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Few studies have been conducted on treating temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) with new digital occlusal splints, which has increasingly attracted wide attention.

Methods
To evaluate the clinical efficacy and quality of life (QoL) of Kovacs digital occlusal splint (KDOS) treatment in patients with TMD.

Materials and methods
Eighty-nine patients with TMD who were treated using KDOS were analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups according to the Wilkes stage. The clinical symptoms and QoL scores of the patients in each group were recorded before and at least three months after treatment, and the data were statistically analyzed and compared. The relationships between the disease severity, sex, age, and level of QoL before treatment and improvement in the clinical symptoms were analyzed using binary logistic regression.

Results
The mean age and follow-up period of the patients were 28.0 ± 10.4 years and 4.9 ± 2.1 months, respectively. After KDOS treatment, the improvement rates of joint noise and pain were 80.4% and 69.8%, respectively. Additionally, the patients’ maximum mouth opening and global QoL mean scores significantly improved compared to those before treatment (p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the factors affecting the improvement in the clinical symptoms were disease severity and level of QoL before treatment.

Conclusions
KDOS can improve the clinical symptoms and QoL of patients with TMD. Moreover, patients without osteoarthritis and with low pretreatment QoL levels are more likely to demonstrate clinical improvement.

Trial registration
The trial was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (ID: ChiCTR2300076518) on 11/10/2023.
Convolutional neural network for automated tooth segmentation on intraoral scans
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Alqahtani Khalid Ayidh , Van den Bogaert Tom , Shujaat Sohaib , Jacobs Reinhilde , Shaheen Eman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Tooth segmentation on intraoral scanned (IOS) data is a prerequisite for clinical applications in digital workflows. Current state-of-the-art methods lack the robustness to handle variability in dental conditions. This study aims to propose and evaluate the performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for automatic tooth segmentation on IOS images.

Methods
A dataset of 761 IOS images (380 upper jaws, 381 lower jaws) was acquired using an intraoral scanner. The inclusion criteria included a full set of permanent teeth, teeth with orthodontic brackets, and partially edentulous dentition. A multi-step 3D U-Net pipeline was designed for automated tooth segmentation on IOS images. The model’s performance was assessed in terms of time and accuracy. Additionally, the model was deployed on an online cloud-based platform, where a separate subsample of 18 IOS images was used to test the clinical applicability of the model by comparing three modes of segmentation: automated artificial intelligence-driven (A-AI), refined (R-AI), and semi-automatic (SA) segmentation.

Results
The average time for automated segmentation was 31.7 ± 8.1 s per jaw. The CNN model achieved an Intersection over Union (IoU) score of 91%, with the full set of teeth achieving the highest performance and the partially edentulous group scoring the lowest. In terms of clinical applicability, SA took an average of 860.4 s per case, whereas R-AI showed a 2.6-fold decrease in time (328.5 s). Furthermore, R-AI offered higher performance and reliability compared to SA, regardless of the dentition group.

Conclusions
The 3D U-Net pipeline was accurate, efficient, and consistent for automatic tooth segmentation on IOS images. The online cloud-based platform could serve as a viable alternative for IOS segmentation.
Causal role of immune cells in chronic periodontitis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Yu , Jin Xinyang , Wang Qi , Hu Sai , Huang Xu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aims to explore the bidirectional causal relationship between immune cell phenotypes and chronic periodontitis using a Mendelian randomization framework.

Materials and methods
Through a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, this research examined genetic data related to 731 immune cell traits and chronic periodontitis. Instrumental variables were chosen based on their genetic links to either immune traits or periodontitis. Various statistical techniques, including MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis, were employed to determine the causal connections.

Results
Predominantly using the IVW method, 26 distinct immune phenotypes were identified as potentially influencing periodontitis (P < 0.05). Conversely, periodontitis potentially affected 33 different immune phenotypes (P < 0.05). The results for pleiotropy and sensitivity tests were stable. However, these associations lost significance after adjusting for the False Discovery Rate.

Conclusion
This study uncovers a complex bidirectional causal relationship between certain immune cell phenotypes and chronic periodontitis, underscoring the intricate interaction between the immune system and the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in selected districts of South Wollo Zone Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Ashagrie Muluwork , Tadesse Belege , Abebe Engidaw , Yasine Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractContagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a severe and devastating respiratory disease of goats, which is characterized by severe serofibrinous pleuropneumonia accompanied by high morbidity and mortality. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2022 to January 2023 to determine the seroprevalence of CCPP and identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of CCPP in goats in five selected districts of the South Wollo Zone of the Eastern Amhara region. A total of 384 sera samples were collected from goats and examined for antibodies specific toMycoplasma capricolumsubspeciescapripneumoniae (Mccp)using Competitive Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (cELISA) test. Out of the total examined sera, 26 samples were positive for CCPP, giving an overall seroprevalence of 6.7% (95% CI = 6.64–9.77). A seroprevalence of 5.05%, 4.65%, 2.78%, 12.90%, and 10.77% were recorded in Ambasel, Tehuledere, Kalu, Dessie Zuria and Kutaber districts, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference among these five districts (p > 0.05). The seroprevalence of CCPP varies significantly between age groups and agroecology (p < 0.05). However, the seroprevalence did not vary with sex, body condition score (BCS), and flock size (p > 0.05). Old-aged goats (OR = 4.10) and goats found in the lowlands (OR = 5.09) were at higher risk of infection with CCPP than young-aged goats and goats found in the highlands, respectively. In conclusion, the present seroprevalence investigation indicated the occurrence of CCPP in those selected study districts of the South Wollo Zone. Therefore, appropriate control measures, including avoiding the mixing of flocks and vaccination should be designed and implemented especially in the lowland areas and older goats to reduce the further spread and magnitude of the disease.
Prevalence and incidence of heart failure in type 2 diabetes patients: results from a nationwide prospective cohort—the DIABET-IC study
Authors: Gonzalez-Manzanares Rafael , Anguita-Gámez María , Muñiz Javier , Barrios Vivencio , Gimeno-Orna José Antonio , Pérez Antonio , Rodríguez-Padial Luis , Anguita Manuel ,   on behalf of the DIABETIC-IC study Investigators
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients have an increased risk of heart failure (HF). There are limited data on the association between HF and T2D in specific healthcare settings. This study sought to analyse the prevalence and incidence of HF in a contemporary cohort of T2D patients attending cardiology and endocrinology outpatient clinics.

Methods
We conducted an observational multicentre prospective study (DIABET-IC) that enrolled patients with a T2D diagnosis attending cardiology and endocrinology outpatient clinics in 30 centres in Spain between 2018 and 2019. The prevalence at the start of the study and the incidence of HF after a 3 year follow-up were calculated. HF was defined as the presence of typical symptoms and either: a) LVEF < 40%; or b) LVEF ≥ 40% with elevated natriuretic peptides and echocardiographic abnormalities.

Results
A total of 1249 T2D patients were included in the present analysis (67.6 ± 10.1 years, 31.7% female). HF was present in 490 participants at baseline (prevalence 39.2%), 150 (30.6%) of whom had a preserved ejection fraction. The presence of adverse social determinants and chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were more frequent in HF patients. During the study period, there were 58 new diagnoses of HF (incidence 7.6%) among those without baseline HF. The incidence rate was 3.0 per 100 person-years. Independent predictors of incident HF were smoking, left ventricular ejection fraction, NT-ProBNP, history of tachyarrhythmia and treatment with pioglitazone, oral anticoagulants, or diuretics. Despite an average suboptimal glycaemic control, the use of antidiabetic drugs with cardiovascular benefits was low (30.4% for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and 12.5% for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists).

Conclusions
In this contemporary cohort of T2D patients attending cardiology and endocrinology outpatient clinics, the prevalence and incidence of HF were high, comorbidities were frequent, and the use of antidiabetic agents with cardiovascular benefit was low. Outpatient care seems to be a unique opportunity for a comprehensive T2D approach that encompasses HF prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Is the frequency of breakfast consumption associated with life satisfaction in children and adolescents? A cross-sectional study with 154,151 participants from 42 countries
Authors: López-Gil José Francisco , Tully Mark A. , Cristi-Montero Carlos , Brazo-Sayavera Javier , Gaya Anelise Reis , Calatayud Joaquín , López-Bueno Rubén , Smith Lee 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The promotion of daily breakfast consumption and the importance of making appropriate breakfast choices have been underscored as significant public health messages. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between breakfast frequency and life satisfaction in large and representative samples of school-going children and adolescents aged 10–17 years from 42 different countries.

Methods
This study used information from the 2017/2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children study, comprising nationally representative samples of children and adolescents aged 10–17 years who were attending school. The total number of participants from the 42 countries included in the study was 155,451 (51.3% girls). The evaluation of breakfast consumption in this study involved a specific question: “How often do you typically have breakfast (more than a glass of milk or fruit juice)?”. To measure life satisfaction, a subjective assessment scale was used in the form of a ladder, visually spanning from 0 to 10. On this scale, the topmost point (10) denotes the highest conceivable quality of life, whereas the bottom point (0) represents the worst imaginable quality of life.

Results
After adjusting for several covariates, the lowest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was identified in those participants who skipped breakfast (mean [M] = 5.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5 to 5.8). Conversely, the highest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was observed in those who had breakfast every day (M = 6.5, 95% CI 6.3 to 6.6). Overall, a nearly linear relationship between higher frequency of breakfast and greater life satisfaction in children and adolescents was identified (p-for-trend < 0.001). In addition, the highest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction score was identified in those participants from Portugal who had breakfast every day (M = 7.7; 95% CI 6.9 to 8.5 points). Conversely, the lowest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was observed in those participants from Romania who no breakfast (M = 3.5; 95% CI 2.6 to 4.4 points).

Conclusions
There is a nearly linear relationship between higher frequency of breakfast and greater life satisfaction in children and adolescents. Considering the potential health advantages associated with breakfast during this critical age phase, these findings imply the necessity for additional global efforts to promote increased breakfast consumption among children and adolescents.
Clinical application of liquid biopsy in colorectal cancer: detection, prediction, and treatment monitoring
Authors: Tao Xiang-Yuan , Li Qian-Qian , Zeng Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting the gastrointestinal tract and is ranked third among cancers with the highest incidence and second-highest mortality rate worldwide. CRC exhibits a slow progression providing a wide treatment window. The currently employed CRC screening methods have shown great potential to prevent CRC and reduce CRC-related morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of CRC is achieved by colonoscopy and tissue biopsy, with studies showing that liquid biopsy is more effective in detecting and diagnosing early CRC patients. Increasing number of studies have shown that the tumor components shed into circulating blood can be detected in liquid form, and can be applied in the clinical management of CRC. Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), or tumor-associated platelets (TEPs) in the blood can be used for early screening and diagnosis of CRC, aid tumor staging, treatment response monitoring, and prediction of CRC recurrence and metastasis in a minimally invasive manner. This chapter provides an updated review of CTCs, ctDNA, and TEPs as novel biomarkers for CRC, highlighting their strengths and limitations.