bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stemming the Tide: Promising Legislation to Reduce School Referrals to the Courts
Authors: Feierman Jessica , Kleinman Rachel M. , Lapp David , Luse Monique N. , Rieser Len , Schwartz Robert G. 
Published: August 2013

This article will examine legislation around the country designed to decrease school referrals to the courts. The legislation highlighted addresses the actions to be taken within school systems, the role of the judiciary, and the engagement of multistakeholder groups in delinquency adjudication and disposition hearings. This article highlights state legislation that holds promise for shifting the landscape: identifying appropriate cases to be handled by the school rather than the court system; improving the school system's capacity to address disruptions; and better clarifying the role of courts, probation, and the schools in addressing student misconduct.
Keypoints
Legislation can stem the tide of the school to prison pipeline.
Legislation can minimize referrals to court, strengthen the role of the court in reducing juvenile justice involvement of youth referred by schools, and make it easier for students to return to school after being in the juvenile justice system.
Successful states employ a multifaceted legislative approach to reducing the school‐to‐prison pipeline.
Enhancing Educators' Capacity to Stop the School‐to‐Prison Pipeline
Authors: Coggshall Jane G. , Osher David , Colombi Greta 
Published: August 2013

In this article, we, a group of experts from three federally funded educational technical assistance centers housed at the American Institutes for Research, describe four ways teachers and school leaders can affect children's trajectory into and through the pipeline to prison. We then detail the competencies necessary to promote the kinds of positive interactions with children, youth, and their families that will help block the pipeline. We also describe promising approaches to enhancing those competencies and capacities among educators throughout their career continuum. Examples of successful research‐based initiatives for each approach are included.KeypointsTeachers and school administrators can affect children's trajectory into and through the pipeline to prison in at least four ways: (1) through their relationships, (2) through their attitudes and social emotional competence, (3) by contributing to the conditions for learning, and (4) through their responses to student behavior.
Educator competencies to block the pipeline to prison include the ability to establish supportive and productive relationships with students and their families and the ability to model social emotional competence and integrate social emotion learning strategies/activities/programs into the academic curriculum throughout the school year, among others.
Enhancing educator competencies to block the pipeline requires a holistic approach, from improving preparation to ongoing professional learning.
Preventing the School‐Justice Connection for Youth in Foster Care
Authors: Gallegos Anne H. , White Catherine Roller 
Published: August 2013

Youth involved in the child welfare system face many barriers to educational success and are at a higher risk of becoming involved in the criminal justice system as youth and as adults. They face disruptive school changes, social stigma and isolation, lack of educational supports, disproportionately high rates of special education services, and exclusionary disciplinary actions. The implementation of promising practices and interventions regarding school discipline, delinquency prevention, educational supports, and collaboration among service agencies can help improve foster care experiences and educational outcomes. These can help prevent the crossover of youth in foster care into the criminal justice system.
Keypoints
Learn about specific experiences linked to educational outcomes for youth in foster care.
Learn about some practices and interventions that can be implemented to help improve school experiences and outcomes for youth in care.
Ideas in this article can contribute to strategies aimed at preventing negative behavioral, social, and academic experiences that make the crossover from foster care to juvenile and criminal justice systems so common.
Postmajority Child Support for Children with Disabilities
Authors: Byrns Katherine 
Published: August 2013

Caring for a family member with a severe mental or physical disability involves significant costs, regardless of when that family member became disabled. Recognizing these costs, most states have imposed a duty on noncustodial parents to provide child support even after his or her child reaches the age of majority if that child suffers from a severe disability. In general, however, the governing postmajority child support for children with disabilities only imposes such a duty if the child's condition arose to the level of a diagnosable disability prior to that child reaching the age of majority, irrespective of whether that child remained dependent on his or her custodial parent after reaching the age of majority. This Note advocates that states adopt legislation that entitles disabled children and their custodial parents to seek court‐ordered child support: (1) if that child has insufficient resources to support herself independently because of her disability and (2) that child became disabled prior to reaching the age of majority or remained unemancipated when she became disabled despite having reached the age of majority.
Keypoints
Postmajority child support aids substantially in reducing the financial burden on custodial parents who continue to care for their children who suffer from disabilities after their children have reached the age of majority.
Despite the uniformity in costs of caring for a child who suffers from a disability, the availability of postmajority child support varies widely among states.
A model is proposed to create much‐needed clarity and uniformity within the area of postmajority child support for children who suffer from disabilities.
Estimating Employment‐Related Migration from Overlapping Migration and Commuting Networks
Authors: Han Yicheol , Goetz Stephan J. , Kim Taegon , Lee JeongJae 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA U.S. county workplace‐to‐workplace or latent migration data set is generated from overlapping migration and commuting networks. The latent migration network is the estimated number of movers between places of work, which is then compared with the actual number of migrants between places of residence. This allows both employment‐related and amenity‐related migration and pull/push factors as causes of migration flows to be identified and contrasted. Certain counties and cities that are not important migration destinations (e.g., with <200,000 net in‐migrants between 1995 and 2000) according to official data are in fact important targets when additional in‐migrants who commute into surrounding counties also are considered. An econometric analysis is then used to examine whether different regressors have different effects on the residence‐ versus employment‐based migration patterns. This is a first assessment of whether or not the proposed approach has merit. Results are consistent with prior expectations regarding the factors that would motivate latent versus actual migration.
Lower Groundwater 14C Age by Atmospheric CO2 Uptake During Sampling and Analysis
Authors: Aggarwal Pradeep K. , Araguas‐Araguas Luis , Choudhry Manzoor , van Duren Michel , Froehlich Klaus 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUptake of atmospheric CO2 during sample collection and analysis, and consequent lowering of estimated ages, has rarely been considered in radiocarbon dating of groundwater. Using field and laboratory experiments, we show that atmospheric CO2 can be easily and rapidly absorbed in hyperalkaline solutions used for the extraction of dissolved inorganic carbon, resulting in elevated 14C measurements. Kinetic isotope fractionation during atmospheric CO2 uptake may also result in decrease of δ13C, leading to insufficient corrections for addition of dead carbon by geochemical processes. Consequently, measured 14C values of groundwater should not be used for age estimation without corresponding δ13C values, and historical 14C data in the range of 1 to 10% modern Carbon should be re‐evaluated to ensure that samples with atmospheric contamination are recognized appropriately. We recommend that samples for 14C analysis should be collected and processed in the field and the laboratory without exposure to the atmosphere. These precautions are considered necessary even if 14C measurements are made with an accelerator mass spectrometer.
Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase regulation: A role for farnesoid X receptor and small heterodimer partner in murine hepatic taurine metabolism
Authors: Kerr Thomas A. , Matsumoto Yuri , Matsumoto Hitoshi , Xie Yan , Hirschberger Lawrence L. , Stipanuk Martha H. , Anakk Sayeepriyadarshini , Moore David D. , Watanabe Mitsuhiro , Kennedy Susan , Davidson Nicholas O. 
Published: August 2013

AimBile acid synthesis is regulated by nuclear receptors including farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and small heterodimer partner (SHP), and by fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19). We hypothesized that hepatic cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) (a key enzyme in taurine synthesis) is regulated by bile acids (BA). The aim of this study was to investigate CSAD regulation by BA dependent regulatory mechanisms.MethodsMice were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with either 0.5% cholate or 2% cholestyramine. To study BA dependent pathways, we utilized GW4064 (FXR agonist), FGF19 or T‐0901317 (liver X receptor [LXR] agonist) and Shp−/− mice. Tissue mRNA was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Amino acids were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsMice supplemented with dietary cholate exhibited reduced hepatic CSAD mRNA while those receiving cholestyramine exhibited increased mRNA. Activation of FXR suppressed CSAD mRNA expression whereas CSAD expression was increased in Shp−/− mice. Hepatic hypotaurine concentration (the product of CSAD) was higher in Shp−/− mice with a corresponding increase in serum taurine conjugated BA. FGF19 administration suppressed hepatic cholesterol 7‐α‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1) mRNA but did not change CSAD mRNA expression. LXR activation induced CYP7A1 mRNA yet failed to induce CSAD mRNA expression.ConclusionBA regulate CSAD mRNA expression in a feedback fashion via mechanisms involving SHP and FXR but not FGF15/19 or LXR. These findings implicate BA as regulators of CSAD mRNA via mechanisms shared with CYP7A1.
Community engagement with genetics: public perceptions and expectations about genetics research
Authors: Etchegary Holly , Green Jane , Parfrey Patrick , Street Catherine , Pullman Daryl 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of molecular biology and genomics continues to expand rapidly, promising numerous opportunities for improving health. However, a key aspect of the success of genomic medicine is related to public understanding and acceptance.DesignUsing community consultations and an online survey, we explored public attitudes and expectations about genomics research.ResultsThirty‐three members of the general public in Newfoundland, Canada, took part in the community sessions, while 1024 Atlantic Canadians completed the online survey. Overall, many participants noted they lacked knowledge about genetics and associated research and took the opportunity to ask numerous questions throughout sessions. Participants were largely hopeful about genomics research in its capacity to improve health, not only for current residents, but also for future generations. However, they did not accept such research uncritically, and a variety of complex issues and questions arose during the community consultations and were reflected in survey responses.DiscussionWith the proliferation of biobanks and the rapid pace of discoveries in genomics research, public support will be crucial to realize health improvements. If researchers can engage the public in regular, transparent dialogue, this two‐way communication could allow greater understanding of the research process and the design of efficient and effective genetic health services, informed by the public that will use them.
The effect of a dentifrice containing Magnolia extract on established plaque and gingivitis in man: a six‐month clinical study
Authors: Hellström M‐K , Ramberg P 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimThe aim was to evaluate the clinical effect of a dentifrice containing 0.3% Magnolia extract on dental plaque and gingivitis.Material and methodsThe trial was a 6‐month double‐blind, stratified, randomized and 2‐armed parallel group study. Forty‐six subjects in the test group brushed their teeth with a dentifrice containing 0.3% Magnolia extract and 48 subjects in the control group brushed with a placebo dentifrice. Plaque and gingivitis were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months.ResultsThere was a significantly larger gingivitis reduction in the Magnolia group than in the control group (0.26 ± 0.11 versus 0.11 ± 0.12) (P < 0.001). There was a greater increase in the total number of healthy gingival units Gingival Index (GI score 0) in the Magnolia group than in the control group (149% versus 31%) and a larger reduction in inflamed gingival units (GI score 2/3) (60% versus 30%). Furthermore, at sites with similar amounts of plaque, less clinical signs of gingival inflammation were observed in the Magnolia group than in the control group.ConclusionSix months’ unsupervised use of a dentifrice containing 0.3% Magnolia extract resulted in significantly greater gingivitis reduction than a corresponding control dentifrice.
Support needs and quality of life in oral cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Moore KA , Ford PJ , Farah CS 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurposeThis review aims to systematically review the literature describing quality of life (QoL) outcomes and support needs in patients with oral cancer along the cancer trajectory. This is needed to form an evidence base for the design of interventions that enhance outcomes for this group.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched. The results were screened for eligibility, and articles were included if they described patient‐reported QoL outcomes that were translatable to support needs in patients with oral cancer. Data were extracted and synthesized according to the support needs identified and their relative impact on QoL. Methodological quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool.ResultsThirty‐one articles met the inclusion criteria. Support needs related to coping with the burden of radiotherapy in both psychosocial and physical aspects, swallowing dysfunction, dry mouth and oral functional deficits. Issues of depression, anxiety and malnutrition were identified as having a significant impact on QoL.ConclusionsOral cancer support needs are highly subjective and varied in severity across the cancer continuum. Support needs that may warrant further investigation include management of changes to oral health and functioning, swallowing and nutritional compromise and psychological effects of cancer and treatment.
Tranexamic acid accelerates skin barrier recovery and upregulates occludin in damaged skin
Authors: Yuan Chao , Wang Xue‐Min , Yang Li‐Jie , Wu Pei‐Lan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundTranexamic acid (TA) is a traditional plasmin inhibitor, and its role in the renovation of damaged skin has become the topic of a lot of research. The aim of this study is to determine whether TA could repair the skin barrier by means of tight intercellular junctions.MethodsTwo kinds of damaged skin models were set up and subjected to repeated application of sodium lauryl sulfate and irradiation of ultraviolet B. Through bioengineering technology and immunohistochemistry tests, TA‐induced changes in skin were detected.ResultsAfter 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of application, TA can significantly accelerate barrier recovery and decrease the melanin index values of ultraviolet B irritation skin. The mean optic density of occludin from TA treatment is higher than from self‐repair.ConclusionThese experiments suggest that TA can accelerate skin barrier recovery and upregulate occludin induced by physicochemical damages of human skin, but it is advisable to perform more research on the upregulation of occludin in molecular mechanism in the future.
Dermoscopic features of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Taheri Ahmad Reza , Pishgooei Nasibeh , Maleki Masoud , Goyonlo Vahid Mashayekhi , Kiafar Bita , Banihashemi Mahnaz , Khajedaluee Mohammad 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that dermoscopy improves accuracy in diagnosing pigmented and non‐pigmented tumors. Recently, there has been increasing evidence that dermoscopy can also be useful in the diagnosis of some skin infections.ObjectiveWe sought to describe the dermoscopic features of cutaneous leishmaniasis.MethodDermoscopic examination (using the Derm Lite FOTO, 3Gen) of 144 CL lesions in 82 patients was performed. This study was conducted in the Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals (Mashhad, Iran) from October 2010 to September 2011.ResultsWe observed the following dermoscopic features: generalized erythema (81.9%), white starbursts (60.4%), yellow hue (43.8%), yellow teardrop‐like structures (41.7%), central ulcers (59%), hyperkeratosis (33.3%), and milia‐like cysts (4.9%). We also observed vascular structures, including dotted vessels (61.1%), hairpin vessels (37.5%), linear irregular vessels (30.6%), comma‐shaped vessels (29.9%), glomerular vessels (22.9%), arborizing telangiectasia (10.4%), and corkscrew vessels (4.2%).LimitationsBiopsy and pathologic evaluation were not performed due to ethical considerations.ConclusionImportant vascular patterns seen in melanocytic and non‐melanocytic tumors were frequently observed in this infection. Dermoscopy may be a promising tool to predict the clinical course in cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Actinic prurigo: a case–control study of risk factors
Authors: Vera Izaguirre Diana Sugey , Zuloaga Salcedo Soraya , González Sánchez Pablo César , Sánchez Lara Karla , Chávez Tapia Norberto , Hojyo Tomoka Maria Teresa , Domínguez Soto Luciano , Cuevas González Juan Carlos , Rodríguez Lobato Erika , Vega Memije Maria Elisa 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundActinic prurigo (AP) is an idiopathic photodermatosis that usually onsets during childhood and predominates in women. It is characterized by the symmetrical involvement of sun‐exposed areas of the skin, lips, and conjunctiva.ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with AP using a case–control design.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with AP during 1990–2006 at Dr. Manuel Gea González General Hospital in Mexico City were included. Respective controls were recruited. Race, demographic, geographic, socioeconomic, environmental, clinical, and nutritional risk factors were assessed.ResultsA total of 132 persons were enrolled. These included 44 cases and two control groups comprising, respectively, dermatology and non‐dermatology outpatients without AP or any autoimmune disease. Distribution by gender, age, place of birth, place of residence, and economic status did not differ significantly among the three groups. A total of 256 variables were analyzed. Only 19 variables were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). These were: use of a boiler; use of firewood; car ownership; use of earthenware; mixed material housing; socioeconomic level 1; sun exposure; use of soap; lemon consumption; use of moisturizing hair cream; living with pets in the house; living with farm animals; age; having a family member with AP; having had surgery; having had trauma; having been hospitalized; use of oral medication; and use of herbal medication. Of 40 macro‐ and micronutrients analyzed, 11 were found to have statistically significant effects (P < 0.05).ConclusionsMultiple epidemiologic, geographic, clinical, and immunologic factors are involved in the etiology of AP. This study proposes a clear line for research directed at specific risk factors that refer to an individual's clinical, allergic, health, and socioeconomic status. Further study should also investigate the etiologic role of diet in AP and the molecular mechanisms behind the development of AP to establish whether AP is caused by exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
The use of botulinum toxin‐A in the management of neck and anterior chest wall flushing: pilot study
Authors: Geddoa Emad , Matar Hosam E , Paes Trevor Rudrah Franco 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIdiopathic neck and chest wall flushing could cause disabling effects on patients' quality of life. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of botulinum toxin‐A (BTA) in the management of idiopathic neck and chest wall flushing. This was a pilot prospective clinical study of patients with severe idiopathic neck and anterior chest wall flushing. Two mouse units of BTA were injected intracutaneously with a maximum dose of 100 units per patient per session. The dermatology life quality index is used as the primary outcome measure. Twenty‐two patients were included in the study (18 women, four men) with an average age of 26 years (range 18–48). Twenty patients (90.9%) had immediate improvement with almost complete resolution of their flushing. At four weeks follow‐up, 18 of 22 patients were included in the final analysis, significant improvement in quality of life was achieved, and mean baseline dermatology life quality index score 7.78 (SD 3.25) improved significantly to 4.23 (SD 3.44) with a mean difference of 3.56 (SD 4.6; 95%, confidence interval 1.27, 5.84) with paired samples t‐test 3.29 (d.f. 17) P < 0.004. BTA may provide an effective treatment in the management of idiopathic neck and chest wall flushing.
Ten‐year publication trends in dermatology in mainland China
Authors: Xin Shujun , Mauro Jacqueline A. , Mauro Theodora M. , Elias Peter M. , Man Mao‐Qiang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundChina has been experiencing huge changes in all aspects, including dermatologic research, since its reform in 1978. However, it is not known how the economic and intellectual development has influenced the publication trends in the field of dermatology, which could mirror the scientific development in other medical disciplines. In the present study, we analyzed publication trends from dermatology departments in mainland China from 2002 to 2011.MethodsAll publication data were obtained from www.pubmed.com. Only papers published from dermatology departments in mainland China were used for analysis.ResultsThe number of publications increased 10‐fold over this 10‐year period. A total of 1231 articles were published in English in 251 journals between 2002 and 2011. A total of 129 journals published only one paper from dermatology departments in mainland China. Over 60% of articles were original research, and 21.7% were case reports. Among these 251 journals, foremost was the Journal of Clinical Experimental Dermatology, which published 5.9% of all papers from mainland China; 2.7% of papers were published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology. The number of publications positively correlated with the changes in gross domestic product per capita during the study period.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the number of publications in the dermatology field has increased markedly in mainland China over the last 10 years. This dramatic increase in publications could be attributed, at least partially, to the significant improvement in economic conditions in mainland China.