bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building and specializing epithelial tubular organs: the Drosophila salivary gland as a model system for revealing how epithelial organs are specified, form and specialize
Authors: Chung SeYeon , Hanlon Caitlin D. , Andrew Deborah J. 
Published: May 2014

The past two decades have witnessed incredible progress toward understanding the genetic and cellular mechanisms of organogenesis. Among the organs that have provided key insight into how patterning information is integrated to specify and build functional body parts is the Drosophila salivary gland, a relatively simple epithelial organ specialized for the synthesis and secretion of high levels of protein. Here, we discuss what the past couple of decades of research have revealed about organ specification, development, specialization, and death, and what general principles emerge from these studies. WIREs Dev Biol 2014, 3:281–300. doi: 10.1002/wdev.140This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation
Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan
Invertebrate Organogenesis > Flies
Chronic Pancreatitis with Benign Biliary Obstruction: Management Issues
Authors: Saluja Sundeep Singh , Kalayarasan Raja , Mishra Pramod Kumar , Srivastava Siddarth , Chandrasekar Sandip , Godhi Satyajit 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundBenign biliary obstruction (BBO) is an important complication in patients with advanced chronic pancreatitis (CP). Its presentation varies from an incidental finding to overt jaundice. Thus it presents certain management issues. The present study was therefore performed to analyze the clinical presentation and management of biliary obstruction in patients with CP.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed from a prospectively collected database of 155 CP patients managed at our institute from October 2003 to June 2012.ResultsAmong 43 (28 %) CP patients with biliary obstruction, 3 patients had evidence of malignancy on follow‐up examination and were excluded from the final analysis. The various presentations include chronic nonprogressive elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) (n = 15), a progressive increase in SAP with episodes of jaundice (n = 17), and persistent jaundice (n = 8). Of 15 patients with chronic nonprogressive elevation of SAP, 5 were managed conservatively, and the remaining 10 underwent only a pancreatic drainage procedure. During a median follow‐up of 41 months (range 11–90 months), none of the 15 patients developed complications related to biliary obstruction. All patients with progressive increase in SAP levels and persistent jaundice underwent the biliary drainage procedure [choledochojejunostomy (CDJ, n = 20) and choledochoduodenostomy (CDD, n = 3)]. During a median follow‐up of 30 months (range 10–89 months), two patients died of unrelated causes and two patients had an asymptomatic elevation of SAP.ConclusionsBBO is common in patients with CP; however, biliary drainage is not indicated for chronic nonprogressive elevation of SAP. In patients with a progressive increase in SAP or persistent jaundice, both CDJ and CDD provide effective biliary drainage.
Preoperative MRI of the Breast (POMB) Influences Primary Treatment in Breast Cancer: A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Study
Authors: Gonzalez Virginia , Sandelin Kerstin , Karlsson Anders , Åberg Wiveca , Löfgren Lars , Iliescu Gabriela , Eriksson Staffan , Arver Brita 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundBreast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown high sensitivity in determining tumor extent, multifocality, and occult contralateral breast cancer. Low specificity, unnecessary mastectomies, and costs are arguments against MRI. The purpose of this study was to determine whether preoperative breast MRI would affect primary surgical management, reduce reexcision/reoperation procedures, and influence the choice of neoadjuvant treatment in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.MethodsThis prospective, randomized, multicenter study included 440 breast cancer patients younger than aged 56 years from three, Swedish, large‐volume breast units. Patients were randomly allocated on a 1:1 basis to either preoperative staging with breast MRI (n = 220) or no breast MRI (n = 220) (control group). Treatment planning of all patients was discussed at multidisciplinary team conferences.ResultsIn patients randomized to the MRI group, who had an observed higher percentage of planned breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) compared with the control group, a change from suggested breast conservation to mastectomy occurred in 23 of 153 (15 %) patients. Breast MRI provided additional information in 83 of 220 (38 %) patients, which caused a change in treatment plan in 40 (18 %). The breast reoperation rate was significantly lower in the MRI group: 11 of 220 (5 %) versus 33 of 220 (15 %) in the control group (p < 0.001). The number of mastectomies, axillary reoperations, and the number of patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy after definitive treatment did not differ significantly between the groups.ConclusionsPreoperative staging with breast MRI in women younger than age 56 years altered the treatment plan in 18 % of the patients. Although a higher MRI‐related conversion rate from breast conservation to mastectomy was found, the final numbers of mastectomies did not differ between the two groups. The breast reoperation rate in the MRI group was significantly reduced.
Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on Acute Myocardial Infarction in Fukushima Prefecture
Authors: Yamaki Takayoshi , Nakazato Kazuhiko , Kijima Mikihiro , Maruyama Yukio , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) reportedly increases following a huge disaster. On March 11, 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake hit a large area of eastern Japan. In Fukushima prefecture, many people suffered from the consequences of the earthquake, the subsequent tsunami, and especially the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. We assessed whether the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) increased after the earthquake.MethodsWe enrolled AMI patients admitted to 36 hospitals in Fukushima prefecture between March 11, 2009, and March 10, 2013 (n = 3068). We compared the incidence of AMI after the earthquake for more than 3 months and 1 year with that in the control years.ResultsThe incidence of Fukushima's annual AMI patients (per 100 000 persons) in 2011 was similar to that of previous years (n = 38.9 [2011] vs 37.2 [2009] and 38.5 [2010], P = .581). However, a significantly higher incidence of AMI was found in the Iwaki district after the disaster that corresponded to the 1-year period of observation (n = 38.7 [2011] vs 27.3 [2009] and 32.8 [2010], P = .045).ConclusionThe Great East Japan Earthquake affected the incidence of AMI only in limited areas of Fukushima prefecture. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1–8)
Prevalence of the sling effect for enhancing collision rates in turbulent suspensions
Authors: Voßkuhle Michel , Pumir Alain , Lévêque Emmanuel , Wilkinson Michael 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTurbulence facilitates collisions between particles suspended in a turbulent flow. Two effects have been proposed that can enhance the collision rate at high turbulence intensities: ‘preferential concentration’ (a clustering phenomenon) and the ‘sling effect’ (arising from the formation of caustic folds in the phase space of the suspended particles). We have determined numerically the collision rate of small heavy particles as a function of their size and densities. The dependence on particle densities allows us to quantify the contribution of the sling effect to the collision rate. Our results demonstrate that the sling effect provides the dominant mechanism to the enhancement of the collision rate of particles, when inertia becomes significant.
Identification of epicatechin as one of the key bioactive constituents of polyphenol-enriched extracts that demonstrate an anti-allergic effect in a murine model of food allergy
Authors: Singh Anurag , Demont Audrey , Actis-Goretta Lucas , Holvoet Sébastien , Lévêques Antoine , Lepage Melissa , Nutten Sophie , Mercenier Annick 
Published: May 2014

Polyphenols are naturally derived bioactive compounds with numerous reported health benefits. We have previously reported on the beneficial effect of a polyphenol-enriched apple extract in a murine model of food allergy. The objectives of the present study were to elucidate the class of bioactive polyphenols that exhibit a beneficial anti-allergic effect and to assess whether the protective effect matches the in vivo bioavailable metabolite concentrations. Female BALB/c mice were sensitised to ovalbumin (OVA) following the protocol of a well-established murine model of food allergy. They were fed diets containing polyphenol-enriched extracts or purified epicatechin for 8 d after the last sensitisation. The sensitised mice were orally challenged with OVA after the intervention. The allergy symptoms, in addition to allergen-specific serum Ig concentrations and gene expression profiles in the intestine, of the control and treated mice were compared. Plasma samples were collected to compare the concentrations of bioavailable epicatechin metabolites in the treatment groups. Polyphenol-enriched fruit extracts containing epicatechin exhibited a significant anti-allergic effect in vivo. This effect was unambiguously attributed to epicatechin, as oral administration of this purified polyphenol to sensitised mice by inclusion in their diet modulated allergy symptoms in a dose-dependent manner. Immune parameters were also affected by the administration of epicatechin. Bioavailability measurements in plasma indicated that the attenuation of allergy symptoms could be due to the higher concentrations of bioavailable epicatechin metabolites. In conclusion, epicatechin is a key bioactive polyphenol that has the ability to modulate allergy outcomes in sensitised mice.
Interacting tectonic faulting, karst subsidence, diapirism and continental sedimentation in Pleistocene deposits of the central Ebro Basin (Spain)
Authors: SIMÓN JOSÉ LUIS , SORIANO MARÍA ASUNCIÓN , PÉREZ ANTONIO , LUZÓN ARÁNZAZU , POCOVÍ ANDRÉS , GIL HÉCTOR 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDuring Early, as proposed by the International commission on stratigraphy Pleistocene times, interacting fluvial and aeolian processes constructed wide alluvial plains over an evaporite-dominated Miocene substratum in the central Ebro Basin. An exceptional site where these deposits show faults, folds, diapirs, karst structures and unconformities has been studied in detail. Analysis of particular structures demonstrates the interaction by that time of tectonic faulting, diapirism, karstification and sedimentation in an area where deformation was traditionally linked to the presence of underlying evaporites, without proposing any precise mechanism. Multiple approaches (sedimentology, structural geology and geophysics) have been used in order to discriminate the origin of each type of structure as well as to understand the interaction between different processes. Numerous normal faults and fractures of variable size are consistent with the regional stress field. Pleistocene deposits are pierced by diapirs of Miocene evaporites and disrupted by karst structures with different geometries (tubular, funnel and vault), both partially controlled by tectonics. The example described is proposed as an analogue model that could successfully illustrate evolution patterns of basins of potential interest for petroleum geology where similar processes have actuated, resulting in complex stratigraphical architectures.
Managerial Incentives, Risk Aversion, and Debt
Authors: Milidonis Andreas , Stathopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe investigate the risk choices of risk-averse CEOs. Following recent theoretical work, we expect CEO risk aversion to be more pronounced in firms with high leverage or high default probability. We find that the CEOs of these firms reduce firm risk, even in the presence of strong risk-taking incentives. Our results are robust to controls for the sensitivity of CEO wealth to stock price changes, firm risk determinants, the endogenous feedback effects of firm risk on CEO incentives, unobserved firm and market effects, and debt governance. The impact of CEO risk aversion is economically significant.
Quota disputes and subsistence whaling in Qeqertarsuaq, Greenland
Authors: Tejsner Pelle 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIn Qeqertarsuaq (Disco Island), northwest Greenland, local disputes about the allocation of annual whaling quotas for beluga and narwhals feature as a source of conflict between state-imposed categories of occupational and non-occupational hunters. The national authorities’ co-management regime for the regulation of whale quotas has triggered the creation of new socio-economic groupings and compartmentalised respective groups of hunters in the process. Although the rigid legal categories have impacted upon the social unity and conduct of whaling in Qeqertarsuaq, and remain difficult to navigate, local whalers and their families nevertheless improvise and mould their interests around the legal frameworks in everyday interpretations of national and municipal quota allocations. The article argues that, in the process of receiving and interpreting annual quota allocations, hunters and their families draw on locally varying environmental and ecological circumstances and that their negotiation of current regulations, in turn, suggests a further consideration of the social aspects as these inform local knowledge about whales and wider socio-economic circumstances governing whaling in Qeqertarsuaq. In reviewing local receptions of annual quota allocations, the article assesses how whaling regulations are not just about the management of whale stocks but also about the management of whalers and their families and how this then calls for increased recognition of the fact that issues of social sustainability are intricately tied to contemporary concerns for environmental sustainability in Arctic whaling.
When fishing means resilience: the evolution of small boat fishing practices in Iceland since 1990 and the new development of longline fishing
Authors: Mariat-Roy Emilie 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the historical conditions and technical, social, commercial and political factors that have contributed to the revival of longline fishing in Iceland. Longline fishing practices have had important consequences at both the local and the national levels. This article deals, firstly, with the juridical and historical conditions of the development of small boat fishing practices since the beginning of the 1990s and the process through which small boats became progressively larger. Secondly, the paper describes the evolution of longline fishing practices and focuses more specifically on the technical, commercial, social and professional aspects of anewversion of longline fishing that was developed in response to new marine management rules. It then deals with a specific kind of competitiveness that those living in coastal villages established to re-boost the local economy and discusses what has happened to small boat owners since 2000. The conclusion highlights the way longline fishing, by reconnecting social ties, takes part in the construction of contemporary Icelandic culture.
How to learn about teaching: An evolutionary framework for the study of teaching behavior in humans and other animals
Authors: Kline Michelle Ann 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe human species is more reliant on cultural adaptation than any other species, but it is unclear how observational learning can give rise to the faithful transmission of cultural adaptations. One possibility is that teaching facilitates accurate social transmission by narrowing the range of inferences that learners make. However, there is wide disagreement about how to define teaching, and how to interpret the empirical evidence for teaching across cultures and species. In this article I argue that disputes about the nature and prevalence of teaching across human societies and nonhuman animals are based on a number of deep-rooted theoretical differences between fields, as well as on important differences in how teaching is defined. To reconcile these disparate bodies of research, I review the three major approaches to the study of teaching – mentalistic, culture-based, and functionalist – and outline the research questions about teaching that each addresses. I then argue for a new, integrated framework that differentiates between teaching types according to the specific adaptive problems that each type solves, and apply this framework to restructure current empirical evidence on teaching in humans and nonhuman animals. This integrative framework generates novel insights, with broad implications for the study of the evolution of teaching, including the roles of cognitive constraints and cooperative dilemmas in how and when teaching evolves. Finally, I propose an explanation for why some types of teaching are uniquely human, and discuss new directions for research motivated by this framework.
Congenital left atrial appendage aneurysm associated with a systemic embolism
Authors: Tidake Abhay , Gangurde Pranil , Mahajan Ajay 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA 20 year-old woman presented with systemic embolisation. On subsequent investigation, she was diagnosed with a congenital left atrial appendage aneurysm. Few case reports are reported in the literature. This cardiac malformation presents a diagnostic challenge in patients with cardiomegaly.
Amphibian skin may select for rare environmental microbes
Authors: Walke Jenifer B , Becker Matthew H , Loftus Stephen C , House Leanna L , Cormier Guy , Jensen Roderick V , Belden Lisa K 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Host-microbe symbioses rely on the successful transmission or acquisition of symbionts in each new generation. Amphibians host a diverse cutaneous microbiota, and many of these symbionts appear to be mutualistic and may limit infection by the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which has caused global amphibian population declines and extinctions in recent decades. Using bar-coded 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we addressed the question of symbiont transmission by examining variation in amphibian skin microbiota across species and sites and in direct relation to environmental microbes. Although acquisition of environmental microbes occurs in some host-symbiont systems, this has not been extensively examined in free-living vertebrate-microbe symbioses. Juvenile bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), adult red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens), pond water and pond substrate were sampled at a single pond to examine host-specificity and potential environmental transmission of microbiota. To assess population level variation in skin microbiota, adult newts from two additional sites were also sampled. Cohabiting bullfrogs and newts had distinct microbial communities, as did newts across the three sites. The microbial communities of amphibians and the environment were distinct; there was very little overlap in the amphibians’ core microbes and the most abundant environmental microbes, and the relative abundances of OTUs that were shared by amphibians and the environment were inversely related. These results suggest that, in a host species-specific manner, amphibian skin may select for microbes that are generally in low abundance in the environment.
miRNA expression atlas in male rat
Authors: Minami Keiichi , Uehara Takeki , Morikawa Yuji , Omura Ko , Kanki Masayuki , Horinouchi Akira , Ono Atsushi , Yamada Hiroshi , Ohno Yasuo , Urushidani Tetsuro 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (~22 nucleotide) noncoding RNAs that play pivotal roles in regulation of gene expression. The value of miRNAs as circulating biomarkers is now broadly recognized; such tissue-specific biomarkers can be used to monitor tissue injury and several pathophysiological conditions in organs. In addition, miRNA profiles of normal organs and tissues are important for obtaining a better understanding of the source of modulated miRNAs in blood and how those modulations reflect various physiological and toxicological conditions. This work was aimed at creating an miRNA atlas in rats, as part of a collaborative effort with the Toxicogenomics Informatics Project in Japan (TGP2). We analyzed genome-wide miRNA profiles of 55 different organs and tissues obtained from normal male rats using miRNA arrays. The work presented herein represents a comprehensive dataset derived from normal samples profiled in a single study. Here we present the whole dataset with miRNA profiles of multiple organs, as well as precise information on experimental procedures and organ-specific miRNAs identified in this dataset.
Characterization of the temperature-sensitive reaction of F1-ATPase by using single-molecule manipulation
Authors: Watanabe Rikiya , Noji Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2014

AbstractF1-ATPase (F1) is a rotary motor protein that couples ATP hydrolysis to mechanical rotation with high efficiency. In our recent study, we observed a highly temperature-sensitive (TS) step in the reaction catalyzed by a thermophilic F1 that was characterized by a rate constant remarkably sensitive to temperature and had a Q10 factor of 6–19. Since reactions with high Q10 values are considered to involve large conformational changes, we speculated that the TS reaction plays a key role in the rotation of F1. To clarify the role of the TS reaction, in this study, we conducted a stall and release experiment using magnetic tweezers and assessed the torque generated during the TS reaction. The results indicate that the TS reaction generates the same amount of rotational torque as does ATP binding, but more than that generated during ATP hydrolysis. Thus, we confirmed that the TS reaction contributes significantly to the rotation of F1.
Tunable 3D dielectric resonator using a thermoconductive VO2 material
Authors: Gonzalez J.M. , Delhote N. , Baillargeat D. , Champeaux C. , Roy L. 
Published: May 2014

A temperature‐based tunable dielectric resonator is presented showing a tunability of 20 MHz around 11.8 GHz when heated with a drop of the quality factor from 4000 to 286. The puck‐shaped alumina resonator contains a thin sapphire sheet coated with VO2. An overview of the thermoconductive VO2 material used is presented. The design and simulations of the resonator are presented along with the fabricated structure and measurements.
Fast motion estimation based on enhanced constrained one‐bit transform
Authors: Lee Sanggu , Jeon Gwanggil , Jeong Jechang 
Published: May 2014

An enhanced constrained one‐bit transform (C1BT)‐based fast motion estimation (ME) method is proposed. Binary transform‐based ME identifies the proper motion vector by transforming the 8‐bit pixels in the original image into a low bit depth of the bit plane, substantially reducing the computational complexity and facilitating hardware implementation by using the number of non‐matching points (NNMPs) instead of the sum of absolute difference (SAD). However, a motion block size is N × N, therefore the dynamic range of NNMP (0 ≤ NNMP ≤ N × N) is decreased to 1/256 compared to that of the SAD with 8‐bit images (0 ≤ SAD ≤ 256 × N × N). The higher the NNMP between the current bit plane and the previous bit plane, the more probable that it will be the block most similar to each other. Therefore, the matching error criterion of NNMP is extended to improve ME performance. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the performance of ME accuracy by 0.27, 0.38 and 0.67 dB compared to the C1BT‐based ME, two‐bit transform (2BT)‐based ME and 1BT‐based ME, respectively.