bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of roasting pretreatment on zinc leaching from complicated zinc ores
Authors: Chen Weiheng , Zhang Libo , Peng Jinhui , Yin Shaohua , Ma Aiyuan , Yang Kun , Li Shiwei , Xie Feng 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Roasting pretreatment and ammonia leaching were performed to extract zinc from complicated zinc ores. The residue of the unroasted ore showed that the zinc containing phase ZnCO3 cannot be effectively leached in the ammonia leaching system. Mineral phase transformation of ZnCO3 takes place at a roasting temperature of 673 K, and this is the reason for the improvement of zinc leaching recovery. Additionally, the parameters that can influence the leaching rate of zinc such as the calcined temperature, the total ammonia concentration, the ratio of liquid to solid, the stirring speed and the leaching time were also investigated. Zinc leaching recovery from the complicated zinc ores could reach 84.7% under the following optimized experiment conditions: roasting temperature of 673 K, leaching temperature of 298 K, stirring speed of 500 rpm, total ammonia concentration of 6 mol/l, liquid to solid ratio of 11:1 and leaching time of 60 min. Compared to the zinc leaching recovery from unroasted ore (49.7%, ammonia concentration 6 mol/l), roasting pretreatment and optimization of process parameters can increase the zinc leaching recovery by 70.4%.
Does the quality of interlingual translation influence the quality of the intersemiotic translation? On the English language film adaptations of S. Lem's The Futurological Congress and Solaris in the light of their translations into English
Authors: Majcher Agnieszka 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to compare two English language film adaptations (by Steven Soderbergh and Ari Folman) with each other and with the books they are based on. Stanisław Lem’s novels - The Futurological Congress and Solaris - were translated into English and the directors of the films mentioned above were able to work with them. However, while one translation was appreciated by many, including the author of the original, the other one did not get much credit and features many inaccuracies, which will be presented below. The question of how much the quality of translation influences the intersemiotic translation, which adaptation is believed to be, will be examined in the paper. As, according to translation scholars, preliminary interpretation is vital for any translations, it seems justified to state that without being able to refer to the author’s original thoughts the film-makers cannot produce a good adaptation. This will be revised on the basis of comparing examples from the books and films. The analysis will be drawn on an account of translation and film adaptation theories together with the outlining of cultural background for each work.
The Riesz Hull of a Semisimple MV-Algebra
Authors: Diaconescu D. , Leuștean I. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
MV-algebras and Riesz MV-algebras are categorically equivalent to abelian lattice-ordered groups with strong unit and, respectively, with Riesz spaces (vector-lattices) with strong unit. A standard construction in the literature of lattice-ordered groups is the vector-lattice hull of an archimedean latticeordered group. Following a similar approach, in this paper we define the Riesz hull of a semisimple MV-algebra.
Resolvent of nonautonomous linear delay functional differential equations
Authors: Blot Joël , Koné Mamadou I. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to give a complete proof of the formula for the resolvent of a nonautonomous
linear delay functional differential equations given in the book of Hale and Verduyn Lunel [9] under the assumption
alone of the continuity of the right-hand side with respect to the time,when the notion of solution is
a differentiable function at each point, which satisfies the equation at each point, and when the initial value
is a continuous function.
Soundscape approach integrating noise mapping techniques: a case study in Brighton, UK
Authors: Aletta Francesco , Kang Jian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the guidelines about the management of areas of good environmental noise quality recently published by the European Environment Agency (EEA) it is suggested to combine different methodologies, like noise mapping, sound level measurements and the soundscape approach. Such a recommendation has started to be recognised by a number of local authorities in Europe that are gradually integrating a holistic concept into their environmental noise policies. This research aimed to explore and demonstrate the possibility to integrate conventional noise mapping methods and soundscape methods in an actual urban redevelopment project. A case study was made using the Valley Gardens project in Brighton & Hove (UK). Different scenarios of sound-pressure level distributionswere simulated for both traffic sound sources (i.e. noise maps) and natural sound sources (i.e. sound maps). Additionally, individual responses about the sound environment of the place collected during an on-site question survey were used to implement soundscape maps.The overall picture revealed that the road traffic noise should be reduced, but also it is feasible that preferred sounds likewater features or birdsong could be introduced to make the sound environment more appropriate for the place. Generally, within the framework of this research, noise maps, sound maps and soundscape maps were used together to "triangulate" different layers of information related to the acoustic environment and the way it is perceived, providing a possible working procedure to consider for planners and policy-makers in the future.
Assessing the Accuracy of SRTM Dem and Aster Gdem Datasets for the Coastal Zone of Shandong Province, Eastern China
Authors: Luana Shaopeng , Hou Xiyong , Wang Yetang 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This study assessed the performance of recently released 3 arc second SRTM DEM version 4.1 by CSI-CGIAR and 1 arc second ASTER GDEM version 1 and version 2 by METI-NASA in comparison with ground control points from 1:50000 digital line graphs for the coastal zone of Shandong Province, Easter China. The vertical accuracy of SRTM DEM is 13.74 m root mean square error (RMSE), and GDEM version 1 reaches 24.11 m RMSE. Version 2 of ASTER GDEM shows better performance than version 1 and SRTM DEM with a RMSE of 12.12 m. A strong correlation of the magnitude of elevation error with slope and elevation is identified, with lager error magnitudes in the steeper slopes and higher elevations. Taking into account slope and elevation has the potential to considerably improve the accuracy of the SRTM DEM and GDEM version 1 products. However, this improvement for GDEM version 2 can be negligible due to their limited explanatory power for the DEM elevation errors.
Comparison of 2D and 3D Models of Salinity Numerical Simulation
Authors: Chunhui Li , Xishan Pan , Jie Ke , Xiaotian Dong 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
For the study of the effect of 2D and 3D mathematical model in salinity simulation, with Liuheng island strong brine discharge of seawater desalination project as an example, using 2D and 3D salinity mathematical models of Liuheng island to simulate coastal hydrodynamic environment and salinity distribution before and after the concentrated brine discharge, and analyzed the results. Finally got the applicable scope of the two models, it has an important significance in the study of similar problems.
Pseudo-Static Experiment and Analysis on Seismic Behavior of the RC Columns Strengthened by GHPFRCC
Authors: Li Xiuling , Wang Juan , Luo Min 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Green high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites (GHPFRCC) are a new class of sustainable cementitious composites, employing a high volume of fly ash to replace cement. In addition to increasing the sustainability of the construction environment, GHPFRCC exhibits a high tensile ductility and multiple cracking behaviors in the strainhardening state. These materials can effectively improve the structural energy dissipation capacity and structural durability. In this study, the optimum mixture ratio of GHPFRCC is presented established using an orthogonal experiment for a specific engineering application. The described GHPFRCC sustains the mechanical performance of concrete and is employed as the outer cladding to strengthen concrete columns. The finite element analysis of the material was based on the software ABAQUS and pseudo static experiments were conducted to exhibit retrofitting of GHPFRCC applied in the rehabilitation of seismic-damaged concrete columns. The computed and experimental results showed that GHPFRCC, while incorporating high volume fly ash, can retain significant multiple cracking behaviors. The energy dissipation capacity of the GHPFRCC reinforced concrete (RC) column is better than the comparable unreinforced column.
Multi-Grid Model for Crowd’s Evacuation in Ships Based on Cellular Automata
Authors: Chen Miao , Han Duanfeng 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In order to enhance the authenticity and accuracy simulation of passengers’ evacuation in ships, a new multi-grid model is proposed on the basis of cellular automata theory. By finer lattice the multi-grid model could enhance the continuity of passengers’ track and the precision of boundary’s qualification compared with traditional cellular automata model. Attraction, repulsion and friction are also quantized in the multi-grid model to present the impact of interaction force among pedestrians. Furthermore, crowd’s evacuation simulated by traditional cellular automata and multi-grid model in single exit room and typical cabin environment have been taken as examples to analyze crowd’s motion laws. It is found that the laws of passengers’ evacuation simulated by the two models are similar, and the simulation authenticity and accuracy is enhanced by the multi-grid model.
A Simulation Model of Seawater Vertical Temperature by Using Back-Propagation Neural Network
Authors: Zhao Ning , Han Zhen 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This study proposed a neural-network-based model to estimate the ocean vertical water temperature from the surface temperature in the northwest Pacific Ocean. The performance of the model and the sources of errors were assessed using the Gridded Argo dataset including 576 stations with 26 vertical levels from surface (0 m)–2,000 m over the period of 2007–2009. The parameter selection, model building, stability of the neural network were also investigated. According to the results, the averaged root mean square error (RMSE) of estimated temperature was 0.7378 °C and the correlation coefficient R was 0.9967. More than 67% of the estimates from the four selected months (January, April, July and October) lay within ± 0.5 °C. When counting with errors lower than ± 1°C, the lowest percentage was 83%.
Seismic Material Properties of Reinforced Concrete and Steel Casing Composite Concrete in Elevated Pile-Group Foundation
Authors: Zhou Mi , Yuan Wancheng , Zhang Yue 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The paper focuses on the material mechanics properties of reinforced concrete and steel casing composite concrete under pseudo-static loads and their application in structure. Although elevated pile-group foundation is widely used in bridge, port and ocean engineering, the seismic performance of this type of foundation still need further study. Four scale-specimens of the elevated pile-group foundation were manufactured by these two kinds of concrete and seismic performance characteristic of each specimen were compared. Meanwhile, the special soil box was designed and built to consider soil-pile-superstructure interaction. According to the test result, the peak strength of strengthening specimens is about 1.77 times of the others and the ultimate displacement is 1.66 times of the RC specimens. Additionally, the dissipated hysteric energy capability of strengthening specimens is more than 2.15 times of the others as the equivalent viscous damping ratio is reduced by 50%. The pinching effect of first two specimens is more obvious than latter two specimens and the hysteretic loops of reinforced specimens are more plumpness. The pseudo-static tests also provided the data to quantitatively assessment the positive effect of steel casing composite concrete in aseismatic design of bridge.
M-Estimation as a Tool Supporting a Vessel Traffic Controller in the VTS System
Authors: Świerczyński Sławomir , Czaplewski Krzysztof 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In order to improve maritime safety and the efficiency of vessel traffic, systems supervising vessel traffic, i.e. VTS (Vessel Traffic Service), started to be created. These systems are aimed to control vessel traffic in waters where traffic congestion, a large concentration of vessels or the presence of navigational hazards creates a risk of collision or stranding.
VTS systems constitute maritime safety centres and they must be equipped with appropriate devices in order to be fully functional. Among devices that provide information about vessels are coastal radar stations which are located around a monitored sea area. This kind of spatial arrangement of these stations can be used to simultaneously obtain information about every vessel, but such observations may be fraught with serious errors. Therefore, the estimation methods that are employed and developed in geodesy can be used to improve the accuracy with which a vessel’s position is determined. The Interactive Navigational Structure, i.e. IANS, is an example of how these methods can be applied in navigation; this term has already been introduced into the literature (Czaplewski, 2004). The text below presents the theoretical assumptions underlying the use of IANS as a tool supporting a vessel traffic controller using the VTS system in his/her work. This presentation is supported by a numerical test that was performed in the waters of the Bay of Gdańsk which are covered by the VTS system.
Methods for Optimization of Sea Waterway Systems and their Application
Authors: Gucma Stanisław , Ślączka Wojciech 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper presents developed optimization methods for sea waterway systems. Objective function of optimization of sea waterway systems have been formulated and its detail form for fairways has been determined. Three probabilistic methods for determining safe bed-breadth of fairway are described. Limitations of the presented methods are also discussed. The developed optimization methods for sea waterway systems have been applied to determine parameters of a modernized fairway between Świnoujście and Szczecin as well as its navigation systems
Use of Satellite Data in Monitoring of Hydrophysical Parameters of the Baltic Sea Environment
Authors: Krężel Adam , Bradtke Katarzyna , Herman Agnieszka 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Intensive development of infrastructure for fast processing of outsized amount of space-borne data enables now to use the satellite data for operational controlling the state of its environment. In our presentation we show some examples of analysis of processes in marine environment which are possible due to satellite data and algorithms of its processing developed in SatBaltic Project. It concerns supporting of modelling of solar energy inflow to the sea with space-borne input data, identification and analysis of sea ice cover, supporting of oil spill detection, and identification of phenomena which modify spatial distribution of the sea surface temperature.
Daily Radiation Budget of the Baltic Sea Surface from Satellite Data
Authors: Zapadka Tomasz , Krężel Adam , Paszkuta Marcin , Darecki Mirosław 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Recently developed system for assessment of radiation budget for the Baltic Sea has been presented and verified. The system utilizes data from various sources: satellite, model and in situ measurements. It has been developed within the SatBałtyk project (Satellite Monitoring of the Baltic Sea Environment - www.satbaltyk.eu) where the energy radiation budget is one of the key element. The SatBałtyk system generates daily maps of the all components of radiation budget on every day basis. We show the scheme of making daily maps, applied algorithms and empirical data collection within the system. An empirical verification of the system has been carried out based on empirical data collected on the oil rig placed on the Baltic Sea. This verification concerned all the components of the surface radiation budget. The average daily NET products are estimated with statistical error ca. 13 Wm-2. The biggest absolute statistical error is for LWd component and equals 14 Wm-2. The relative error in relation to the average annual values for whole Baltic is the biggest for SWu and reaches 25%. All estimated components have correlation coefficient above 0.91.
An Experimental Study of Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Marine Diesel Engine in Case of Cylinder Valves Leakage
Authors: Kowalski Jerzy 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Presented paper shows the results of the laboratory tests on the relationship between throttling of both air intake duct and exhaust gas duct and a gaseous emission from the marine engine. The object of research is a laboratory, four-stroke, DI diesel engine, operated at loads from 50 kW to 250 kW at a constant speed equal to 750 rpm. During the laboratory tests over 50 parameters of the engine were measured with its technical condition recognized as a „working properly” and with simulated leakage of both air intake valve and exhaust gas valve on the second cylinder. The results of this laboratory research confirm that the leakage of cylinder valves causes no significant changes of the thermodynamic parameters of the engine. Simulated leakages through the inlet and exhaust valve caused a significant increase in fuel consumption of the engine. Valve leakages cause an increase of the exhaust gas temperature behind the cylinder with leakage and behind other cylinders. The exhaust gas temperature increase is relatively small and clearly visible only at low loads of the engine. The increase of the temperature and pressure of the charging air behind the intercooler were observed too. Charging air temperature is significantly higher during the engine operation with inlet valve leakage. The study results show significant increases of the CO, NOx and CO2 emission for all the mentioned malfunctions. The conclusion is that the results of measurements of the composition of the exhaust gas may contain valuable diagnostic information about the technical condition of the air intake duct and the exhaust gas duct of the marine engine.
P Wave Signal-Averaged Electrocardiography in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Buzea C.A. , Dan Anca Rodica , Delcea Caterina , Balea M.I. , Gologanu Daniela , Dobranici Mihaela , Popescu Raluca Alexandra , Dan G.A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with higher incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias. Atrial late potentials (ALP) detected by P-wave signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) could be useful in detecting the patients at risk for supraventricular arrhythmias. Our objective was to assess the role of P-wave SAECG and ALP detection for arrhythmic risk evaluation of the patients with exacerbated COPD.

Methods. We prospectively included 45 patients with exacerbation of COPD and 58 age-matched patients with no history of pulmonary disease in a control group. We performed pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gases, echocardiography, 24-hour Holter monitoring and P-wave SAECG. We measured filtered P-wave duration (FPD), the root mean square (RMS) voltages in the last 40, 30 and 20 ms of the filtered P-wave (RMS 40, RMS 30 and RMS 20), the root mean square voltage of the filtered P-wave potentials (RMS-p), and the integral of the potentials during the filtered P-wave (Integral-p). ALP was defined as FPD > 132 ms and RMS 20 < 2.3 µV.

Results. Isolated atrial premature beats (APB) and supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) were more frequent in the COPD group. There were no significant differences between groups regarding the P wave SAECG parameters. In the COPD group none of the supraventricular arrhythmias was correlated with ALP or any P-wave SAECG parameters.

Conclusions. The patients with acute exacerbation of COPD but no apparent cardiac disease have a higher incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias. P-wave SAECG analysis and ALP detection have little value in the arrhythmic risk evaluation of these patients.
Application of column tests and electrical resistivity methods for leachate transport monitoring
Authors: Wychowaniak Dorota , Zawadzki Łukasz , Lech Mariusz 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Development of the human civilization leads to the pollution of environment. One of the contamination which are a real threat to soil and groundwater are leachates from landfills. In this paper the solute transport through soil was considered. For this purpose, the laboratory column tests of chlorides tracer and leachates transport on two soil samples have been carried out. Furthermore, the electrical resistivity method was applied as auxiliary tool to follow the movements of solute through the soil column what allowed to compare between the results obtained with column test method and electrical resistivity measurements. Breakthrough curves obtained by conductivity and resistivity methods represents similar trends which leads to the conclusion about the suitability of electrical resistivity methods for contamination transport monitoring in soil-water systems.
Effects of environmental changes and human impact on the functioning of mountain river channels, Carpathians, southern Poland
Authors: Krzemień Kazimierz , Gorczyca Elżbieta , Sobucki Mateusz , Liro Maciej , Łyp Michał 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In the northern slope of the Carpathian Mountains and in their foreland, river and stream channels have been significantly transformed by human impact. These transformations result from changing land use in river basins and direct interference with river channels (alluvia extraction, engineering infrastructure, channel straightening). Anthropogenic impacts cause significant changes in the channel system patterns leading to increased impact of erosion. This mainly leads to the channelling of the fluvial system. This article reviews studies of structure and dynamics of Carpathian river channels conducted based on the methodology of collection of data on channel systems, developed in the Department of Geomorphology of the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University.
Das Auswärtige Amt und die deutsche Entscheidung zur Remilitarisierung des Rheinlands
Authors: Wolz Alexander 
Published: October 2015

Vorspann
Am 7. März 1936 unternahm Hitler einen entscheidenden Schritt zur Zerstörung nicht nur der Versailler Ordnung, sondern auch des 1925 im Zuge von Stresemanns Verständigungspolitik abgeschlossenen Locarno-Pakts, indem er Truppen in das entmilitarisierte Rheinland einmarschieren ließ. Das war eine Entscheidung von erheblicher außenpolitischer Tragweite. Welche Rolle hat hierbei das Auswärtige Amt gespielt? Das ist die zentrale Frage von Alexander Wolz‘ Aufsatz, in dem zugleich das völkerrechtliche Geflecht analysiert wird, das damals einen tiefen Einschnitt erlitt.