bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The central cavity of ABCB1 undergoes alternating access during ATP hydrolysis
Authors: van Wonderen Jessica H. , McMahon Róisin M. , O'Mara Megan L. , McDevitt Christopher A. , Thomson Andrew J. , Kerr Ian D. , MacMillan Fraser , Callaghan Richard 
Published: March 2014

Understanding the process that underlies multidrug recognition and efflux by P‐glycoprotein (ABCB1) remains a key biological challenge. Structural data have recently become available for the murine and Caenorhabditis elegans homologues of ABCB1; however all structures were obtained in the absence of nucleotide. A feature of these structures was the presence of a central cavity that is inaccessible from the extracellular face of the protein. To determine the conformational dynamics of this region several residues in transmembrane helices TM6 (331, 343 and 354) and TM12 (980) were mutated to cysteine. Based upon structural predictions, these residues are proposed to line, or reside proximal to, the central cavity. The mutant isoforms were labelled with a paramagnetic probe enabling the application of EPR spectroscopic methods. Power saturation EPR spectra were recorded in the presence of hydrophobic (O2) or hydrophilic (NiEDDA) quenching agents to study the local environment of each residue. ABCB1 was trapped in both its nucleotide‐bound and post‐hydrolytic conformations and EPR spectra were again recorded in the presence and absence of quenching agents. The EPR line shapes provide information on the movements of these residues within TM6 and TM12 during ATP hydrolysis. Rationalization of the data with molecular dynamic simulations indicates that the cavity is converted to a configuration open to the aqueous phase following nucleotide binding, thereby suggesting alternating access to the cavity on opposite sides of the membrane during translocation.
Effects of circuit exercise and Tai Chi on body composition in middle‐aged and older women
Authors: Hsu Wei‐Hsiu , Hsu Robert Wen‐Wei , Lin Zin‐Rong , Fan Chun‐ Hao 
Published: March 2014

AimTo investigate the impact of circuit exercise and Tai Chi exercise on body composition in middle‐aged and older women.MethodsThe present cohort study included 180 women (aged 45–75 years) who were divided into a circuit exercise group, Tai Chi group and control group. The exercise program consisted of 60 min of exercise three times per week for 12 weeks. The circuit exercises were carried out with intensity controlled by heart rate (60–80% of work). The Tai Chi group practiced Yang style with the same frequency, but with intensity of 50–60% of work. Blood pressure and body composition were assessed. The differences in all variables and the relative changes between baseline and 12 weeks' follow up were evaluated.ResultsThe circuit exercise group showed a significant decrease in body mass index, systolic blood pressure and body fat mass, and an increase in total body muscle mass, lean body mass, bone mineral content and basal metabolic rate. The Tai Chi group showed a decrease in systolic blood pressure. Increases in the basal metabolic rate (1.3 ± 3.0%), total body muscle mass (1.8 ± 4.3%), lean body mass (1.9 ± 4.3%) and bone mineral content (1.8 ± 4.2%), and decreases in body mass index (–2.2 ± 7.8%), body fat (–6.5 ± 10.7%) and diastolic pressure (–1.2 ± 9.4%) were significantly greater in the circuit exercise group than in Tai Chi or control group.ConclusionCircuit exercise for 12 weeks increases lean body mass and basal metabolic rate more effectively than Tai Chi exercise. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 282–288.
Chlamydia Pneumoniae Infection and Cerebral Infarction Risk: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Su Xing , Chen Hong-Lin 
Published: March 2014

Background Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and the risk of cerebral infarction have been previously studied in several publications; however, conflicting results have been reported. This meta-analysis assessed whether C. pneumoniae infection was associated with risk of cerebral infarction. Methods Systematic computerized searches of the PubMed and Web of Knowledge were performed. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval from original studies were extracted for combined meta-analysis. Results Twenty-three studies with 2924 cerebral infarction patients and 4692 control patients were included in the meta-analysis. When the positive C. pneumoniae infection was defined by microimmunofluorescence-detected immunoglobulin A, the pooled odds ratio between two groups was 2·04 (95% confidence interval 1·42–2·9). In the most frequently used immunoglobulin A ⩾1:16 sub-group, the pooled odds ratio was 2·07 (95% confidence interval 1·31–3·26). When the infection was defined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-detected immunoglobulin A, the pooled odds ratio was 2·89 (95% confidence interval 1·23–6·81). When the infection was defined by microimmunofluorescence-detected immunoglobulin G, the pooled odds ratio was 1·46 (95% confidence interval 1·18–1·81). In the most frequently used immunoglobulin G ⩾1:32 sub-group, the pooled odds ratio was 1·43 (95% confidence interval 1·06–1·92). When the infection was defined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-detected immunoglobulin G, the pooled odds ratio was 1·54 (95% confidence interval 0·86–2·74). No significant publication bias was found. Sensitivity analyses showed the results were robust. Conclusion ( 1 ) This meta-analysis indicated that C. pneumoniae infection was significantly associated with an increased risk of cerebral infarction. ( 2 ) Compared with anti- C. pneumoniae immunoglobulin G, anti- C. pneumoniae immunoglobulin A seemed more effective for predicting the risk of cerebral infarction. ( 3 ) No evidence existed that anti- C. pneumoniae-immunoglobulin G detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay could predict the risk of cerebral infarction.
Biological research on schizophrenia
Authors: TORU MICHIO 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBased on the biochemical analysis of postmortem brains from chronic schizophrenic patients, we found abnormalities of glutamatergic neurons as well as dopaminergic neurons. Glutamate receptors, such as the kainate receptor labeled by 3H‐kainate, the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor by 3H MK801, and the strychnine‐insensitive glycine sites in the NMDA receptor by 3H‐glycine, increased significantly in various cortical areas of schizophrenic brains. According to the animal experiments and a significant negative correlation between kainate binding values and glutamate concentrations, it is suggested that glutamate receptors increased due to hypoglutamatergic function in the brain of chronic schizophrenia. Hyperdopamine hippothesis of schizophrenia is supported by the correlation between affinity to dopamine receptor and clinical potency of antipsychotic drugs. Measurement of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine D2 receptor in the schizophrenic brain provided evidence of hyperdopaminergia. Association study of a missense variant in the dopamine D2 receptor gene (Cys 311) revealed that the allele frequency of the variant was significantly higher in the schizophrenic patients than the controls. The patients carrying this variant had less severe negative symptoms and better response to antipsychotic drug treatment. Dopamine‐induced sequestration of dopamine D2S receptor with Cys variant expressed in CHO cells was shown to a lesser extent than wild‐type receptor. This experimental result may be consistent with better responsiveness of the patients with Cys311 to antipsychotic drugs.
Problems with team treatment in Japan
Authors: KAWAMURO YU 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAlthough it has been a while since psychiatric team treatment was first advocated as being necessary in Japan, the application of team treatment in practice remains underused. In order to solve the five problems highlighted by the Nurse and Co‐medical Project of the Japanese Association of Psychiatric Hospitals and to put psychiatric team treatment into practice, it is important that professionals in the field of psychiatry have a common understanding of the end concepts and functions of psychiatric team treatment and that they take an involved interest in the compatibility and functional roles of the work done by each profession. It is then important that good psychiatric treatment be constructed around a full complement of competent staff.
Transcultural psychopharmacology: Present and future
Authors: Edmond H.PI 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTranscultural psychopharmacology is a field that seeks to determine whether differences exist in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic handling of psychotherapeutic drugs among various ethnic groups and, where present, to determine the reasons for such variation. During the past two decades a number of studies have reported differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychotropic medications among various ethnic groups. These variations appear to be mainly determined by genetic predisposition but can be influenced by other factors such as environment, psychosocial supports, and physicians' prescribing habits. Due to study design limitations, many questions regarding the transcultural aspects of psychotropic medications still remain unanswered. This critical review discusses the transcultural psychopharmacology of Asian versus non‐Asian populations. It will also include data on tardive dyskinesia, discuss new developments, touch on the problems associated with present research in the area, and provide recommendations for designing future research studies.
Co‐administration of sertraline and haloperidol
Authors: LEE MIN‐SOO , HAN CHANG‐SU , YOUNG‐WOONYOU  , KIM SEUNG‐HYUN 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAlong with recent increased interest in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, a number of studies has been undertaken to observe interactions with different drugs. When selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor was administered together with antipsychotics to schizophrenics showing depressive or obsessive symptoms and negative symptoms, meaningful results were observed. The objective of our research was to identify the changes in the concentration of plasma haloperidol when sertraline was administered to patients who already were being treated with haloperidol. Sixteen patients who did not respond to the traditional antipsychotics after 2 weeks of treatment with a certain dosage of haloperidol were administered with 50 mg of sertraline for a period of 2 weeks. The concentration changes between plasma haloperidol and the reduced haloperidol were observed using high‐powered liquid chromatography equipped with a UV detector. There was a significant increase (P< 0.01) in the concentration of haloperidol, the change being from 8.52 ± 4.22 to 10.91 ± 5.38 ng/mL. However, the change in the concentration of reduced haloperidol was from 7.41 ± 7.93 to 5.22 ± 6.10 ng/mL, showing a significant decrease. The concentrations of total plasma haloperidol showed no significant changes at all. In comparing the ratio of the reduced haloperidol and the haloperidol, the reduction ratio was down to 0.39 ± 0.27 from 0.94 ± 0.65 showing a significant decrease. There seems to be few studies done on interactions using serotonergic drugs together with antipsychotics in spite of their clinically applicable possibility. According to similar studies done in the past, co‐administering of such drugs not only increases the plasma concentration of antipsychotics, but it also results in clinical improvement of negative symptoms and aggravation of extrapyramidal symptoms. Changes in clinical symptoms and adverse effects were not observed in our study. However, we think these observations need to be included in upcoming larger scale studies.
The needs and popularization of psychotherapy in Taiwan
Authors: SOONG WEI‐TSUEN 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA literature review, a population survey and analysis of hospital statistics were used to assess the needs and the popularity of psychotherapy in Taiwan. Three community epidemiological studies revealed very similar prevalence rates of minor mental disorders. The statistics of the Children's Mental Health Center revealed that intensive psychotherapy was not a popular treatment received by patients. The second cycle Taiwan Social Change Survey also showed a high rate of anxiety and depression in the community. It also revealed a low acceptance of psychotherapy for treatment of anxiety and depression provided by professionals. The discrepancy between the great potential needs for psychotherapy and the unpopularity of psychotherapy in practice was discussion. Methods to make psychotherapy more popular are also suggested.
Psychotherapy in the Pacific Rim countries
Authors: YAMAMOTO JOE 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEver since Freud created psychoanalysis over 100 years ago, it has been popular, especially in the USA. However, biological psychiatry is now at the forefront and the emphasis is on neurosciences and pharmacotherapy. Still, the question remains, what place is there for psychotherapy in psychiatric practice? We need to be aware of the need for psychotherapy for some patients. This has been scientifically demonstrated in the study of patients with moderate and severe major depression. It has been convincingly shown that there is a place for interpersonal therapy and for cognitive behavioral therapy. Moderately depressed patients may benefit from a regimen of psychotherapy. In contrast, those with severe depression also need antidepressant medication. Because people in the Pacific Rim countries are heterogeneous, their requirements may be diverse. Asian populations need emphasis on the family as a part of the treatment team. Biological and cultural issues also enter the picture. Using the example of the flushing response, 25% of Koreans versus 50% of the Han Chinese and Japanese have the flushing response. Confucius' teachings have influenced Chinese, Koreans and Japanese for over 2000 years. The need for therapy and education is great. One solution is in primary and secondary prevention with cognitive behavioral classes such as the depression prevention course.
Investigation of senile dementia in Qingdao
Authors: WANG JIANYI , YU JIANHUA , PAN SHUZHEN , NI BAOLAN 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAccording to the popular spot check method we investigated 14 684 partial community persons. The screen instrument used was the MMSE. Positive cases were through ADL, HDS and detailed psychical examination by two doctors according to the CCMD‐2 to establish a definite diagnosis. Differential diagnosis between AD and MID was carried out according to HIS result. A total of 1448 persons were over 60 years, which amounted to 9.98% of the entire population. Of a total of 672 men and 776 females, 13 suffered senile dementia, which made up 0.995% of the aged. There were seven MID (5 males, 2 females) and six AD (2 males, 4 females). Family histories showed that one AD had the same symptoms as her twin sister. Two AD and four MD drank Chinese spirit 2–4 liang per day for 20 years, 80% of patients were nursed by the son or daughter‐in‐law, but they believed wrongly that ‘It is necessary to cure the old'. Six of 13 had a long period of drinking history, four of six for MID. This has shown that dementia partly relates to drink especially for MID. Early case can be detected through daily life activities such as buying food, playing cards etc. Activities of daily living may avoid the pseudo‐positive which is caused by educational level.
Culture, law and psychiatry in Hawaii
Authors: SCHULTZ‐ROSS R. ANDREW , JENKINS LAINE 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHawaii is a set of islands with a broad mix of cultures. The law is American, but it was predominantly derived from English Common Law. Thus, the law is derived from a very distant culture. Theoretically, this ‘transplanted’ law could cause difficulties for people from Pacific cultures. Indeed, it appears to create difficulties for individuals with mental illness. A substantial number of these people are arrested for disobedience of a law that is not sensible for their culture. This problem is an example of the need for cultural knowledge when a psychiatrist conducts an examination for the legal system. An individual may appear legally guilty or medically insane when acting within cultural norms.
Zinc is essential for the transcription function of Nrf2 in human renal tubule cells in vitro and mouse kidney in vivo under the diabetic condition
Authors: Li Bing , Cui Wenpeng , Tan Yi , Luo Ping , Chen Qiang , Zhang Chi , Qu Wei , Miao Lining , Cai Lu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIncreasing evidence from human and laboratory studies showed the effect of zinc (Zn) on diabetic complications. Nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays important role in the prevention of oxidative damage. This study was to define whether Zn statues (deficiency or supplement) affect the Nrf2 expression and function, and also affect the damage severity of human renal tubular (HK11) cells exposed to high glucose (HG) with palmitate (Pal) and kidney of diabetic mice induced by multiple low‐dose streptozotocins. For Zn deficiency diabetic mice were treated with Zn chelator PTEN at 5 mg/kg bw daily for 4 months. Results showed that HG/Pal significantly increased the expression of pro‐fibrotic mediators, connective tissue growth factor and PAI‐1, in HK11 cells, which was exacerbated by TPEN that depleted intracellular free Zn and decreased Nrf2 expression and transcription. Zn supplement prevented the effects of TPEN and also increased Akt and GSK‐3β phosphorylation with a decrease in Nrf2 nuclear exporter, Fyn. All these effects of Zn were abolished by Akt inhibitor. Therefore, Zn up‐regulates Nrf2 function via activating Akt‐mediated inhibition of Fyn function. Treatment of diabetic mice with TPEN decreased renal Zn level and Nrf2 expression and transcription, with an exacerbation of renal oxidative damage, inflammation and fibrosis. These results suggest the essentiality of Zn for Nrf2 expression and transcription function.
SUMOylation of nonstructural 5A protein regulates hepatitis C virus replication
Authors: Lee H. S. , Lim Y. S. , Park E. M. , Baek S. H. , Hwang S. B. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryViruses exploit cellular SUMOylation machinery to favour their own propagation. We show that NS5A is a target protein of small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) and is SUMOylated at lysine residue 348. We demonstrated that SUMOylation increased protein stability of NS5A by inhibiting ubiquitylation, and SUMOylation was also required for protein interaction with NS5B. These data imply that SUMO modification may contribute to HCV replication. Indeed, silencing of UBC9 impaired HCV replication in Jc1‐infected cells, and HCV replication level was also significantly reduced in SUMO‐defective subgenomic replicon cells. Taken together, these data indicate that HCV replication is regulated by SUMO modification of NS5A protein. We provide evidence for the first time that HCV exploits host cellular SUMO modification system to favour its own replication.
An exploration of social justice intent in photovoice research studies from 2008 to 2013
Authors: Sanon Marie‐Anne , Evans‐Agnew Robin A. , Boutain Doris M. 
Published: March 2014

In an age where digital images are omnipresent, the use of participant photography in qualitative research has become accessible and commonplace. Yet, scant attention is paid to the social justice impact of photovoice amongst studies that have used this innovative method as a way to promote social justice. There is a need to review this method to understand its contributions and possibilities. This literature review of photovoice research studies (i) explores whether authors implicitly or explicitly related the methodologies to their aims of promoting social justice (methodology–method fit) and (ii) outlines the social justice research impact of photovoice findings using the framework of social justice awareness, amelioration and transformation. PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases were searched from the years 2008–13 using the following keywords: photovoice; photonovella; photovoice and social justice; and photovoice and participatory action research. Of the 30 research studies reviewed, only thirteen identified an underlying methodology guiding the photovoice method. The social justice impacts emphasized were more related to social justice awareness (n = 30) than amelioration (n = 11) or transformation (n = 3). Future researchers using photovoice as a way to promote social justice are encouraged to assess and plan for the social justice impact desired.
CYP83A1 is required for metabolic compatibility of Arabidopsis with the adapted powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cruciferarum
Authors: Weis Corina , Hildebrandt Ulrich , Hoffmann Thomas , Hemetsberger Christoph , Pfeilmeier Sebastian , König Constanze , Schwab Wilfried , Eichmann Ruth , Hückelhoven Ralph 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Aliphatic glucosinolates function in the chemical defense of Capparales. The cytochrome P450 83A1 monooxygenase (CYP83A1) catalyzes the initial conversion of methionine‐derived aldoximes to thiohydroximates in the biosynthesis of glucosinolates, and thus cyp83a1 mutants have reduced levels of aliphatic glucosinolates.

Loss of CYP83A1 function leads to dramatically reduced parasitic growth of the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cruciferarum on Arabidopsis thaliana. The cyp83a1 mutants support less well the germination and appressorium formation of E. cruciferarum on the leaf surface and post‐penetration conidiophore formation by the fungus. By contrast, a myb28‐1 myb29‐1 double mutant, which totally lacks aliphatic glucosinolates, shows a wild‐type level of susceptibility to E. cruciferarum.

The cyp83a1 mutants also lack very‐long‐chain aldehydes on their leaf surface. Such aldehydes support appressorium formation by E. cruciferarum in vitro. In addition, when chemically complemented with the C26 aldehyde n‐hexacosanal, cyp83a1 mutants can again support appressorium formation. The mutants further accumulate 5‐methylthiopentanaldoxime, the potentially toxic substrate of CYP83A1.

Loss of powdery mildew susceptibility by cyp83a1 may be explained by a reduced supply of the fungus with inductive signals from the host and an accumulation of potentially fungitoxic metabolites.
Cutaneous Fungal Infection in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kucinskiene Vesta , Sutkute Auguste , Valiukeviciene Skaidra 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFungal skin infections are not uncommon in healthy, premature or immunocompromised newborns. Healthy neonates usually develop fungal skin infections caused by dermatophytes, Candida and Malassezia species, whereas immunocompromised neonates are more susceptible to skin infections with opportunistic pathogens (Aspergilus, Zygomycetes). Therefore neonatal fungal skin infections can range from generally benign superficial lesions to potentially fatal, deep, necrotic forms with dissemination. We present the case of a premature neonate twin with cutaneous fungal infection in a neonatal intensive care unit. Because there were doubts concerning the correspondence of the clinical features with the cultured species in the newborn, a literature review was performed searching for similar clinical cases.