bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Simvastatin on Retinoic Acid System in Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells and in a Chimeric Model of Human Endometriosis
Authors: Sokalska Anna , Anderson MariaPia , Villanueva Jesus , Ortega Israel , Bruner-Tran Kaylon L. , Osteen Kevin G. , Duleba Antoni J. 
Published: January 2013

Context:
Retinoic acid (RA) may promote survival or apoptosis of cells, depending on the levels of binding proteins: apoptosis-inducing cellular RA binding protein 2 (CRABP2), and cell survival-promoting fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5). Increased cellular uptake of retinol and altered actions of RA related to reduced expression of CRABP2 may contribute to the development of endometriosis. Recently statins have been shown to inhibit growth of human endometrial stromal (HES) cells and to reduce the number and size of endometriotic implants in experimental models of this disorder.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to determine whether effects of simvastatin on HES cells and experimental endometriotic implants are related to the modulation of the RA system.

Methods:
Effects of simvastatin and RA on proliferation and apoptosis of HES cells were evaluated. Expression of stimulated by RA 6 (STRA6), CRABP2, and FABP5 was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Effects of simvastatin were also evaluated in a nude mouse model of human endometriosis.

Results:
Simvastatin potentiated an inhibitory effect of RA on growth of HES cells. In HES cells, simvastatin induced expression of STRA6 and CRABP2 but not FABP5. Similarly, simvastatin treatment of nude mice bearing human endometrial xenografts led to an increased expression of CRABP2 and STRA6 proteins in ectopic lesions.

Conclusions:
Simvastatin interacts with the RA system, inducing the expression of the key protein regulating the uptake of retinol (STRA6) and the expression of apoptosis-promoting CRABP2. These effects may contribute to cooperative apoptosis-inducing effects of simvastatin and RA and support the examination of these compounds in the treatment of endometriosis.
Recent Advances in Rotor Design of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
Authors: MacPhee David , Beyene Asfaw 
Published: January 2013

The following work represents the most recent advances in design and testing of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) rotors. VAWTs have received much attention as of late due to proposed advantages in small scale and off grid wind power generation. Thus, many recent works have surfaced involving analysis, design and optimization of VAWT rotors in order to more efficiently convert wind energy to electricity or other readily usable means. This paper is a collection of most of the recent literature works involving VAWT rotor design and testing, the majority of which published after 2005. We discuss research in the designing of various lift based rotors as well as some drag based rotors, hybrids, and various others. The recent work in this area suggests VAWT capacity could dramatically increase in the near future, and play a vital role in obtaining cleaner, more sustainable energy when global energy demand is increasing at an unprecedented rate. HIGHLIGHTS A review of various works involving rotor design and testing of both lift and drag Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) is presented; Benefits of vertical axis wind turbines in small scale and off grid wind power generation is summarized; Much of the recent work, published after 2005, has been directed towards analyzing, designing, and optimizing rotor shapes. The body of this recent work suggests that research on VAWT rotor design continues to flourish and could make VAWTs a viable competitor to more traditional Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) worldwide.
Kinetics of Reduction of Titano-magnetite Powder by H2
Authors: Dang Jie , Hu Xiaojun , Zhang Guohua , Hou Xinmei , Yang Xiaobo , Chou Kuochih 
Published: January 2013

AbstractReduction of titano-magnetite powder containing 56.9 mass% of iron and 9.01 mass% of TiO2 with H2-Ar gas mixtures was investigated in isothermal experiments using thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The reduction of titano-magnetite was proved to proceed via a dual reactions mechanism. The first reaction is reduction of titano-magnetite to wüstite and ilmenite and the second one is reduction of wüstite and ilmenite to iron and titanium-containing phase. It was found that the dual reactions occurred simultaneously during the reduction. The reduction kinetics of titano-magnetite was analyzed according to a dual reactions kinetic model and the results indicated that the gaseous species diffusion in product layer was the rate controlling step for the first reaction, and interfacial chemical reaction was that for the second reaction. The apparent activation energies were extracted to be 98 kJ/mol and 115 kJ/mol for the first and second reaction, respectively.
Von der „Tendenzwende“ zur „geistig-moralischen Wende“. Konstruktion und Kritik konservativer Signaturen in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren
Authors: Hoeres Peter 
Published: January 2013

Vorspann
Am 1. Oktober 2012 jährten sich die Ablösung der sozialliberalen Koalition und der Amtsantritt von Helmut Kohl zum 30. Mal. Untrennbar mit diesem Regierungswechsel verbunden war die Rede von der „geistig-moralischen Wende“, die die politische Auseinandersetzung in den ersten Jahren der Ära Kohl prägte. Peter Hoeres, Historiker aus Gießen, zeichnet die Entstehung des Diskurses über die „Wende“ und ihre Volten in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren nach. Er zeigt auf, welche Hoffnungen und welche Ängste damit verbunden waren – und er klärt, was Helmut Kohl tatsächlich zur „Wende“ gesagt hat und was nicht.
Recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer in the elderly
Authors: Hollenbeak Christopher S , Boltz Melissa M , Schaefer Eric W , Saunders Brian D , Goldenberg David 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveData from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Medicare-linked database were used to estimate the incidence of and risk factors associated with recurrent thyroid cancer, and to assess the impact of recurrence on mortality following diagnosis, controlling for mortality as a competing risk.DesignWe identified 2883 patients over 65 years of age diagnosed with a single, primary well-differentiated thyroid cancer between 1995 and 2007. A recurrence was considered if the patient had evidence of I-131 therapy, imaging for metastatic thyroid carcinoma, or complete thyroidectomy beyond 6 months of diagnosis. Competing risk regressions were performed using Cox proportional hazards models with 1- and 2-year landmarks.ResultsRecurrence was observed in 1117 (39%) of the 2883 patients in the cohort. Age, stage, and treatment status were significant risk factors for developing recurrent disease (P<0.0001). Patients with recurrent disease had a higher risk of all-cause mortality within 10 years of diagnosis than patients with no recurrence at 1- and 2-year landmarks. Patients with follicular histology and a recurrence were less likely to die from cancer (hazard ratio 0.54; P=0.03) than patients with no recurrence.ConclusionsThe rate of recurrence of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas in this sample of elderly patients was 39%. Extent of disease and older age negatively impacted the risk of recurrence from differentiated thyroid cancer. In these data, patients with follicular histology and a recurrence were less likely to die, suggesting that mortality and recurrence are competing risks. These data should be taken into account with individualized treatment strategies for elderly patients with recurrent malignant thyroid disease.
Temporal Distribution of Dissolved Trace Metal in the Coastal Waters of Southwestern Bay Of Bengal, India
Authors: Padhi R.K. , Biswas S. , Mohanty A.K. , Prabhu R.K. , Satpathy K.K. , Nayak L. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to characterize the concentrations of selected dissolved trace metals in the coastal waters (500 m from shore) of Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India. The order of dissolved concentration of these metals was found to be as follows: Co (cobalt) < Cd (cadmium) < Cr (chromium) < Mn (manganese) < Cu (copper) < Ni (nickel) < Pb (lead) < Zn (zinc). The levels of these trace metals were found to be relatively low as compared to the reported values for other Indian coastal waters, which indicates negligible pollution at this location. Cadmium was the only metal found to increase its concentration during the monsoon period, suggesting its allochthonous input. Factor analysis indicated that chromium, nickel, zinc, cobalt, copper, manganese, and lead were of common origin, and external inputs through land runoff had nominal or little impact, typifying in‐situ regeneration and remineralization linkage with their temporal variation. However, levels of zinc, cobalt, and copper remained relatively high during the summer period, and abrupt increases in their concentration during December (monsoon season) may be due to their dual (autochthonous as well as allochthonous) input.
Rhodium catalysts build into the structure of a silicate support in the hydroformylation of alkenes
Authors: Borrmann Thomas , McFarlane Andrew , Ritter Uwe , Johnston James 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Rhodium is build into a nano-structured calcium silicate during the synthesis of the silicate. Thereby, it was desired to create a robust heterogeneous catalyst, which does not suffer from catalyst leaching like rhodium impregnated on a pre-formed silicate. While this was achieved, the silicate structure was adversely affected by the incorporation of rhodium — the surface area and pore volume of the material were found to be comparatively low. Alcohol and acid washing were tested to address this issue. The alcohol treatment proved detrimental as catalytic material was leached from the silicate. The acid washed rhodium containing calcium silicate was quite active in the hydroformylation of alkenes and did not suffer loss of catalyst into the product phase. Acid treated rhodium containing silicates were more active than their untreated counterparts but less selective due to access to the rhodium centers being opened.
Characteristics of polyurethane-based sustained release membranes for drug delivery
Authors: Mândru Mihaela , Ciobanu Constantin , Vlad Stelian , Butnaru Maria , Lebrun Laurent , Popa Marcel 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This paper is focused on the preparation and physicochemical characterization of two poly(ester ether urethane)s with rifampicin in their matrix and different molar concentrations of urethane groups. The polyurethanes with rifampicin were processed as asymmetrical microporous membranes by a phase inversion method and characterized by attenuated total reflection — Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The influence of the surface morphology in the release of drug compounds was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle, and water uptake. The release of rifampicin depends on the molar concentration of urethane groups and also on the surface morphology of the polyurethane membranes. The antibacterial activity was evaluated with S. Epidermidis RP 62 A and P. Aeruginosa ATCC 1544. Finally, the biocompatibility of the polyurethane membranes was studied with human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) to evaluate the potential biomedical applications.
Selection of mineralised methods to analyse different types of matrices. Applying the Box-Cox transformation to chemometrics study the coexistence of heavy metals in natural samples
Authors: Sajdak Marcin , Pieszko Celina 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Chemometric methods are mostly used to optimise technological processes and analytical procedures. Applying chemometric methods in environmental tests may reveal relationships among chemical elements in biomes. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) are very helpful for detecting relationships among studied parameters. However, large amounts of data may have a negative effect on this analysis and can lead to misinterpretation of the results. This situation was observed when the samples, taken from several places in the Silesian Province, were used to test the relationship between heavy metals contained in various environmental matrices. Samples were collected from a small area and were characterised by a single biome (pine forest) because direct interpretation of PCA and CA was insufficient to correctly describe such data. The solution to this problem was the use of the Box-Cox transformation, which is a rapid method to normalise input data.

The application of chemometric tools enabled the relationships between sampling sites (industrialised and non-industrialised) to be examined and was very helpful in illustrating the relationship between the methodologies of plant preparation samples. Furthermore, the results may indicate the need for further data analysis. The tools described in this paper can be useful for choosing the optimal mineralisation method according to the type of test matrix.
Principal component analysis in interpretation of the results of HPLC-ELC, HPLC-DAD and essential elemental contents obtained for medicinal plant extracts
Authors: Konieczynski Pawel 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to compare its usefulness with cluster analysis (CA), and factorial k-means analysis (fkm), for evaluating the results obtained using HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ELC and spectroscopic techniques (AAS and UV/VIS spectrometry for determining content of N, P, Fe and Cu) in aqueous extracts of seven medicinal plants. These represented the following plant species that are rich in flavonoids: Betula verrucosa Ehrh., Equisetum arvense L., Polygonum aviculare L., Viola tricolor L., Crataegus oxyacantha L., Sambucus nigra L. and Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. The databases analyzed comprised four sets: 1) results obtained by the use of HPLC-DAD detection, 2) results obtained by the use of electrochemical detection (HPLC-ELC), 3) results for determining elements — total and water-extractable species, and 4) all data combined. Application of statistical methods allowed the samples to be classified into four groups: 1) Crataegus, Sambucus, 2) Equisetum, Polygonum and Viola, 3) Betula, and 4) Helichrysum, which were differentiated by characteristic patterns. PCA supported by CA, was the most suitable method, because it simultaneously allowed for reduction of multidimensionality of the databases, grouped the samples into four clusters, and made possible selection of the factors responsible for differentiation of the plant materials studied.
The influence of process conditions on the formation of thallium sulfide layers on polyethylene by the use of higher polythionic acid H2S33O6
Authors: Bružaitė Ingrida , Janickis Vitalijus 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Thallium sulfide layers of varying composition form on the surface of low-density polyethylene (PE) when the PE films have been sulfurized in a solution of higher polythionic acid H2S33O6, and then immersed in the alkaline solution of thallium (I) sulfate. The concentration of sulfur sorbed-diffused into PE surface increases with the increase of the sulfurization time and concentration of higher polythionic acid solution. The concentration of thallium in the Tlx Sy layers depends on the sulfur concentration sorbed-diffused into PE, the concentration, and temperature of thallium (I) sulfate solutions. By chemical analysis of the obtained sulfide layers it was determined that the values of x and y in the TlxSy layers varies in the intervals: 1xy2S2 were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis in thallium sulfide layers. Scanning Electron (SEM) and Atomic Force (AFM) microscopies were used to characterize surface morphology of thallium sulfide layers. The films deposited on the PE surface have a non-homogeneous structure, and consist of separated islands.
Comparison characterization of copper selenide thin layers prepared on polyamide 6 films by sorption-diffusion method
Authors: Ivanauskas Remigijus , Janickis Vitalijus , Jasulaitienė Vitalija 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Some earlier synthesized copper selenide (Cux Se) layers formed on the surface of polyamide 6 by sorption-diffusion method using potassium selenotrithionate (K2SeS2O6) as precursor of selenium were characterized by the XRD, XPS and SEM methods. According to the results of the SEM studies, the most uniform Cux Se layers form at the 2.5 h polyamide seleniumized duration at the temperature of 60°C. The thickness of layers, which dependeds on the duration of seleniumization, changed in the range of 0.8–3.2 µm. The XRD patterns of not previously studied Cux Se layers showed their phase composition of six copper selenides: Cu2Se, two phases of CuSe2, Cu3Se2, berzellianite, Cu2-x Se, and bellidoite Cu2Se. Analysis of the XRD and XPS data shows that the macrostructure and composition of the CuxSe layers depend on the conditions of formation of these layers.
Local disease control for spinal metastases following “separation surgery” and adjuvant hypofractionated or high-dose single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery: outcome analysis in 186 patients
Authors: Laufer Ilya , Iorgulescu J. Bryan , Chapman Talia , Lis Eric , Shi Weiji , Zhang Zhigang , Cox Brett W. , Yamada Yoshiya , Bilsky Mark H. 
Published: January 2013

Object
Decompression surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy is an effective therapy for preservation or recovery of neurological function and achieving durable local disease control in patients suffering from metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC). The authors examine the outcomes of postoperative image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy delivered as single-fraction or hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for achieving long-term local tumor control.

Methods
A retrospective chart review identified 186 patients with ESCC from spinal metastases who were treated with surgical decompression, instrumentation, and postoperative radiation delivered as either single-fraction SRS (24 Gy) in 40 patients (21.5%), high-dose hypofractionated SRS (24–30 Gy in 3 fractions) in 37 patients (19.9%), or low-dose hypofractionated SRS (18–36 Gy in 5 or 6 fractions) in 109 patients (58.6%). The relationships between postoperative adjuvant SRS dosing and fractionation, patient characteristics, tumor histology–specific radiosensitivity, grade of ESCC, extent of surgical decompression, response to preoperative radiotherapy, and local tumor control were evaluated by competing risks analysis.

Results
The total cumulative incidence of local progression was 16.4% 1 year after SRS. Multivariate Gray competing risks analysis revealed a significant improvement in local control with high-dose hypofractionated SRS (4.1% cumulative incidence of local progression at 1 year, HR 0.12, p = 0.04) as compared with low-dose hypofractionated SRS (22.6% local progression at 1 year, HR 1). Although univariate analysis demonstrated a trend toward greater risk of local progression for patients in whom preoperative conventional external beam radiation therapy failed (22.2% local progression at 1 year, HR 1.96, p = 0.07) compared with patients who did not receive any preoperative radiotherapy (11.2% local progression at 1 year, HR 1), this association was not confirmed with multivariate analysis. No other variable significantly correlated with progression-free survival, including radiation sensitivity of tumor histology, grade of ESCC, extent of surgical decompression, or patient sex.

Conclusions
Postoperative adjuvant SRS following epidural spinal cord decompression and instrumentation is a safe and effective strategy for establishing durable local tumor control regardless of tumor histology–specific radiosensitivity. Patients who received high-dose hypofractionated SRS demonstrated 1-year local progression rates of less than 5% (95% CI 0%–12.2%), which were superior to the results of low-dose hypofractionated SRS. The local progression rate after single-fraction SRS was less than 10% (95% CI 0%–19.0%).
Le commerce équitable Sud-Sud et l'émergence des labels locaux
Authors: Ballet Jérôme , Renard Marie-Christine , Carimentrand Aurélie 
Published: January 2013

Le commerce équitable se développe au Sud avec en parallèle des mouvements de certification locaux. Nous analysons ce double mouvement. Nous soulignons l’existence de trois raisons concomitantes : une réaction à l’hégémonie exercée par FLO sur les standards de commerce équitable, le besoin de trouver des débouchés face à la faiblesse des ventes au Nord, la récupération du commerce équitable par les politiques nationales au Sud. Nous illustrons toutes ces raisons par des exemples.
Le choix d'une pièce de théâtre : trois étapes à l'interprétation
Authors: Redon Gaëlle 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Quel sens donner à la compréhension et à l’interprétation d’un texte théâtral et à sa mise scène ? Ce travail s’efforce de montrer comment les acteurs du monde du théâtre sont en liens les uns avec les autres... Comment les groupements théâtraux, à travers diverses étapes, s’inscrivent dans un contexte social et organisationnel spécifique, qui les mène à un certain type de répertoire, de mise en scène, et de fait, à correspondre à un public particulier et à l’obtention, ou pas, d’une reconnaissance institutionnelle...
Critical Role for All-transRetinoic Acid for Optimal Effector and Effector Memory CD8 T Cell Differentiation
Authors: Allie S. Rameeza , Zhang Weijun , Tsai Ching-Yi , Noelle Randolph J. , Usherwood Edward J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA plethora of work implicates important effects of the vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA) in myeloid differentiation, whereas fewer studies explore the role of RA in lymphoid cells. Most work on lymphoid cells has focused on the influence of RA on CD4 T cells. Little information about the role of RA in CD8 T cell differentiation is available, and even less on cell-intrinsic effects in the CD8 T cell. This study explores the role of RA in effector and memory differentiation in a cell-intrinsic manner in the context of vaccinia virus infection. We observed the loss of the short-lived effector cell phenotype (reduced KLRG1+, T-bethi, granzyme Bhi), accompanied by an enhanced memory precursor phenotype at the effector (increased CD127hi, IL-2+) and contraction phases (increased CD127hi, IL-2+, eomesoderminhi) of the CD8 response in the absence of RA signaling. The lack of RA also increased the proportion of central memory CD8s. Collectively, these results introduce a new role for RA in CD8 T cell activation and differentiation. This new role may have significant implications for optimal vaccine design in which vitamin A supplementation is used to augment effector responses, but it may be to the detriment of the long-term central memory response.