bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanochemistry and H-sorption properties of Mg2FeH6-based nanocomposites
Authors: Leiva Daniel R. , Zepon Guilherme , Asselli Alexandre A. C. , Fruchart Daniel , Miraglia Salvatore , Ishikawa Tomaz T. , Botta Walter J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Mg2FeH6 is a promising material for hydrogen storage applications, since it presents the highest known volumetric capacity of 150 kg m−3 of H2 and its metallic constituents are inexpensive. The major drawbacks for its application are the difficulties associated with its synthesis and also its high thermal stability. In this paper, Mg2FeH6-based nanocomposites were prepared from the elements via reactive milling. A high-yield of the complex hydride synthesis was obtained after a systematic processing study, and the best conditions were successfully extended to the mechanochemical synthesis of Mg2CoH5. The influence of different additives such as transition metals, transition metal fluorides and graphite on the H-sorption behavior of the Mg2FeH6-based nanocomposites was evaluated. Mixtures rich in both MgH2 and Mg2FeH6 hydrides present lower temperature ranges of hydrogen release than those which are rich in only one of these hydrides. The MgH2–Mg2FeH6-based nanocomposite presents ultra-fast H-sorption kinetics at 300°C with partial reversible formation of Mg2FeH6.
Attainment of quasicrystalline phase in Al–Cu–Fe alloy via melting and mechanical alloying
Authors: Esquivel Rosalba , Suárez Miguel A. , Díaz-Barriga Lucia , Chávez Federico 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Al62Cu25.5Fe12.5 (A) and Al65Cu20Fe15 (B) alloys were fabricated via melting and experimentally studied in both as-cast and annealed conditions. Alloy (B) was also fabricated using mechanical alloying and an annealing treatment. The melted alloys were characterized to investigate the distribution of alloying elements Fe and Cu on the icosahedral and coexisting phases, as well as the hardness of all phases. The as-cast alloys showed the highest amount of icosahedral phase with up to 47% of ingot (A), but this increased after heat treatment to 99% and 75% of ingots in (A) and (B) alloys respectively. During heat treatment the iron content was increased in all phases, while the copper content decreased. As a consequence, the hardness of the icosahedral phase increased by 23% in (A) Al62Cu25.5Fe12.5 alloy and 33% in (B) Al65Cu20Fe15 alloy. On the other hand, the effect of heat treatment on samples obtained from mechanical alloying caused a modification in the iron and copper contents, leading to the formation of iron-rich phases such as λ-(Al, Cu)13Fe4 phase for all milling times and the icosahedral phase after 35 h.
Viscosity estimation of semi-solid alloys based on thermal simulation compression tests
Authors: Wang Jiaojiao , Shang Shuzhen , Lu Guimin , Yu Jianguo 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In this paper, according to the thermal simulation compression test data, relationships for flow stress, temperature, strain rate and strain of semi-solid ZL201 alloy were studied through multiple regressions, and the constitutive equation of the alloy was established. The relationship between apparent viscosity and the shear rate was also researched. The results indicated that the maximum stress increased as strain rates increased at a constant temperature. The peak stress was clearly affected by deformation temperature, strain rate and strain. The plateau stress showed the same characteristics as the peak stress. In general, it increased slightly with increasing of the deformation temperature, except at high strain rates. The relationship between apparent viscosity and the shear rate was in accordance with the power law. The results provided a technological reference for the study of semi-solid die-casting numerical simulation of semi-solid ZL201 alloy parts. The viscosity of other semi-solid alloys could be calculated, as in the case of viscosity estimation of semi-solid ZL201 alloy.
Introduction. Special Places and Protected Spaces: Historical and Global Perspectives on Non-National Parks in Canada and Abroad
Authors: Carlson Keith Thor , Clapperton Jonathan 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In October 2010, a group of scholars representing a variety of disciplines gathered to discuss the history of non-national parks in Canada and beyond. The following introduction draws together common threads tying the articles making up this collection together and arrives at some conclusions surrounding the history of non-national parks. Specifically we contend: 1) heterogeneous jurisdictional control seems to produce heterogeneous parks; 2) park creation and management, by definition, are exercises in boundary maintenance - rhetorics of inclusivity ignore the reality of exclusion; and 3) non-national parks are expected to provide economic return as much as preserve ecological/heritage value. We then suggest possible avenues for future research. To address some of these issues, the greater part of this atypically long introduction provides an analysis of recent non-Native attempts to understand Aboriginal epistemologies surrounding environmental protection and protected areas strategies.
Demonstration Wildlife: Negotiating the Animal Landscape of Vancouver's Stanley Park, 1888-1996
Authors: Kheraj Sean 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Since 1931, Canada has been a majority urban society with most of its population concentrated in a handful of southern cities. Given the urban character of Canadian society in the twentieth century, histories of large city parks, such as Stanley Park in Vancouver, BC, illustrate the changing relationship between people and wild animals in Canada because they represent local, regular encounters with a diverse range of animal species. The histories of local and regional parks in Canada reveal that human relations with wildlife were not limited to occasional, and sometimes fleeting, encounters in large national parks, distant from major population centres. As this article argues, the everyday interactions between people and animals within shared urban environments also influenced Canadian perceptions of wildlife and the management of park animals in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Park animal management policies and attitudes toward the place of animals in parks were not always informed by imagined, idealised concepts about wildlife from a distance but were shaped and changed over time according to local concerns and regular interactions between people and animals living in a shared environment.Over the course of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, humanâ€"animal relations on the Stanley Park peninsula shifted according to prevailing notions of â€˜improvementâ€™ and landscape modification current in the North American parks and later environmental movements. Prior to 1945, Park Board animal management policies embodied the perception that human modification of the animal composition of the park was a necessary improvement for the pleasure of tourists and other park visitors. After 1945, the Park Board moved away from such interventionist policies and began instead to foster habitat to establish sanctuaries for wildlife observation.
Desolate Viewscapes: Sliammon First Nation, Desolation Sound Marine Park and Environmental Narratives
Authors: Clapperton Jonathan 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Desolation Sound Marine Park, just over ninety miles north of Vancouver, British Columbia, has been immortalised as a yachterâ€™s paradise and a kayaking wilderness. BC Parks and tourist ventures describe the area as a pristine, uninhabited utopia removed from human interference. Such a portrayal is far from accurate. Indigenous peoples have occupied and altered this environment for millennia and forestry and mariculture are ongoing. This paper focuses on the tension between the lived reality of the Sliammon (Tla'amin) First Nation and the dominant construction of Desolation Sound as uninhabited wilderness, recreational area and protected space. Engaging with subaltern and postcolonial theory, I argue that viewscapes of Desolation Sound represent a microcosm of power relations in flux between competing dominant, colonial and subaltern, indigenous cultural constructions of the non-human environment in British Columbia. Specifically, Natives and newcomers here were (and remain) involved in a competition over who controls a master discourse of what made a 'desirable desolation', and by extension where, how and even if, different peoples fit into this space.
Chromosomal analysis of Breeding bulls using lymphocyte culture
Authors: Patel D J , Patel A J , Patel R K , Parekh P R 
Published: September 2012

Chromosomal aberrations or abnormal karyotypes could be one reason for reproductive failure in breeding bulls. The objective of the study was to detect chromosomal abnormalities and their relation with fertility problem in cattle and water buffalo breeding bulls. Blood samples were collected from 30 buffalo bulls and 23 Holstein or Holstein-Friesian cross bred bulls for lymphocyte culture. No gross chromosomal abnormality was detected. However, a few samples exhibited polyploidy, premature centromeric division, chromosomal fragmentation, aneuploid cells, fragile site, chromatid gaps or breaks. These aberrations were not consistent feature in a particular animal; therefore, the aberrations may not have obvious effects on fertility. However, such aberrations should be scored in regular screening as a high percentage of such abnormalities can be associated with reduced fertility. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v29i1.11885 Bangl. vet. 2012. Vol. 29, No. 1, 17-21
Perspectives on the Knowledge-Based Society. An Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Rockett Katharine 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Knowledge exchange, innovation policy, and international trade flows are key aspects of the knowledge-based economy. In her introduction to the special issue on The Knowledge-Based Society: Transition, Geography, and Competition Policy the author briefly reviews these aspects. She begins with spillovers, emphasising the effects that drive the variety of results in this literature, and their role in a model of research joint venture formation among asymmetric partners. She then moves on to the linkages between universities and industry, underlining the diversity of these linkages and their goals. She discusses the interaction among innovative skills, minimum quality standards, and patent protection, noting how these generate welfare outcomes that vary with industry innovative skill levels. Finally, the author examines threshold effects in the relation between innovation and exports.
A Directional-Change Event Approach for Studying Financial Time Series
Authors: Aloud Monira , Tsang Edward , Olsen Richard , Dupuis Alexandre 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Financial markets witness high levels of activity at certain times but remain calm at others. This makes the flow of physical time discontinuous. Therefore, to use physical time scales for studying financial time series runs the risk of missing important activities. An alternative approach is to use an event-based time scale that captures periodic activities in the market. In this paper, the authors use a special type of event, called a directional-change event, and show its usefulness in capturing periodic market activities. The study confirms that the length of the price-curve coastline, as defined by directional-change events, turns out to be a long one.
Automated monitoring of behavioural-based animal welfare indicators
Authors: Rushen J , Chapinal N , de Passilé AM 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOn-farm scoring of behavioural indicators of animal welfare is challenging but the increasing availability of low cost technology now makes automated monitoring of animal behaviour feasible. We discuss some of the issues with using automated methods to measure animal behaviour within the context of assessing animal welfare. Automated feeders (eg for dairy calves) can help measure the degree that animals are hungry and have potential to identify sick animals even in group housing. Such equipment is best used for longitudinal studies of individual animals rather than making comparisons between farms. Devices attached to animals (eg accelerometers or GPS devices) can help measure the activity levels of animals with a high degree of accuracy and can easily be transported between farms, making them best suited for welfare assessment at the group level. Automated image analysis has great potential to assess movement within groups of animals, but following individual animals can be difficult. The techniques have been validated against traditional methods (eg direct observation). The accuracy of measures taken automatically varies between methods but can be increased by combining measures. Technological developments have provided us with a variety of tools that can be used to monitor behaviour automatically, and these have great potential to improve our ability to monitor animal welfare indicators on-farm. However, it is important that methods be developed to measure a wider range of behaviour patterns. Animal welfare assessment schemes should not place undue emphasis on behavioural indicators solely on the basis that they can be monitored automatically.
A training programme to ensure high repeatability of injury scoring of dairy cows
Authors: Gibbons J , Vasseur E , Rushen J , de Passillé AM 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObtaining reliable welfare outcome measures from commercial farms can be challenging. We developed a training programme to train observers to score injuries of the tarsal joint, carpal joint and neck on dairy cows as part of an on-farm study. Twelve trainees were trained using protocols and photographs in a classroom session and on-farm visits. Continued repeatability checking was carried out during a refresher and mid-way assessment. Two trainers were used as the reference standard to which all trainees were compared. The study demonstrated that methods of scoring tarsal joint, carpal joint and neck injury can be learned by trainees from different backgrounds and high repeatability can be achieved and maintained at a very large regional or national level. Successful learning of injury scoring is dependent on protocols with strong definitions and photographs as well as repetitive training sessions. Additionally, continued repeatability checks are essential to ensure the reference standard continues to be met. This training programme can be used as a model to successfully train on-farm assessors.
Farm animal welfare: assessing risks attributable to the prenatal environment
Authors: Rutherford KMD , Donald RD , Arnott G , Rooke JA , Dixon L , Mehers JJM , Turnbull J , Lawrence AB 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn ever-expanding scientific literature highlights the impact of the prenatal environment on many areas of biology. Across all major farmed species, experimental studies have clearly shown that prenatal experiences can have a substantial impact on outcomes relevant to later health, welfare and productivity. In particular, stress or sub-optimal nutrition experienced by the mother during pregnancy has been shown to have wide-ranging and important effects on how her offspring cope with their social, physical and infectious environment. Variation in the conditions for development provided by the reproductive tract or egg, for instance by altered nutritional supply or hormonal exposure, may therefore explain a large degree of variation in many welfare- and productivity-relevant traits. The scientific literature suggests a number of management practices for pre-birth/hatch individuals that could compromise their later welfare. Such studies may have relevance for the welfare of animals under human care, depending on the extent to which real life conditions involve exposure to these practices. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of extending the focus on animal welfare to include the prenatal period, an aspect which until recently has been largely neglected.
Precision Molecular Spectroscopy with Frequency Combs
Authors: Gatti Davide , Sala Tommaso , Marangoni Marco , Galzerano Gianluca , Gianfrani Livio 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The advent of frequency combs has given tremendous impulse to the fields of high‐resolution molecular spectroscopy and trace sensing of multiple gases. The combs' secret lies in their fine, discrete, stable, reproducible, and controllable spectral structure, readily referable to the primary microwave standard. These features make combs ideal tools to obtain on one side precision as well as absolute frequency calibration in the spectroscopic detection of individual absorption lines and, on the other side, to develop a new class of spectrometers where broadband coupling of combs to passive optical cavities allows extreme sensitivity to be conjugated with spectral resolution, broad spectral coverage, and fast acquisition times.
Jury Comprehension of Expert Evidence
Authors: Wheate Rhonda M. , DesPortes Betty Layne 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe effectiveness of expert testimony in litigation is limited by a factor independent of the strength of opinion testimony—the level of comprehension of the jurors. If the presentation of the expert testimony is not appropriate to the jurors' ability to understand the testimony and to apply the testimony to the issues in the case, the expert evidence is, at best, useless. Even more concerning is the fact that the inability to comprehend the expert testimony may lead the jurors to misapply the expert testimony, thereby negatively impacting the party's position at trial and thwarting the interests of justice. Research into factors affecting juror comprehension has reinforced some common assumptions about jurors' approaches to expert testimony while disproving other assumptions concerning limitations in complex litigation cases. Using the information from juror studies, several strategies and mechanisms for improving juror comprehension and use of expert testimony have been implemented in courts in the United States and the United Kingdom, but more research is necessary to ensure that jurors are able to effectively process and apply expert testimony in all cases.
Postpartum Psychosis
Authors: Friedman Susan Hatters 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPostpartum psychosis, though rare, often has a dramatic presentation, usually after hospital discharge. Symptoms such as insomnia, hallucinations, delusions, abnormal mood, and agitation may occur. Potential risks include suicide, child neglect, or infanticide. Mothers usually require psychiatric hospitalization. Those who kill their infants under conditions of postpartum psychosis may qualify for infanticide or insanity defenses.
Shooting Distance: Estimation of
Authors: Zeichner Arie 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe range from which a weapon has been fired is an important component in the reconstruction of firearm‐related cases.A review of the methods for shooting distance estimation is provided. This refers to the examination of clothing targets, cadavers, and exhibits that cannot be processed in the laboratory. The methods include visual/microscopic examinations, color tests, and instrumental analysis of the firearm discharge residue (FDRs) deposits around the bullet entrance holes. The review does not cover shooting distance estimation for targets shot by pellet loads from shotguns.
Binary Li4Ti5O12‐Li2Ti3O7 Nanocomposite as an Anode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Guan‐Nan , Chen Long , Wang Yong‐Gang , Wang Con‐Xiao , Che Ren‐Chao , Xia Yong‐Yao 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLi4Ti5O12 typically shows a flat charge/discharge curve, which usually leads to difficulty in the voltage‐based state of charge (SOC) estimation. In this study, a facile quench‐assisted solid‐state method is used to prepare a highly crystalline binary Li4Ti5O12‐Li2Ti3O7 nanocomposite. While Li4Ti5O12 exhibits a sudden voltage rise/drop near the end of its charge/discharge curve, this binary nanocomposite has a tunable sloped voltage profile. The nanocomposite exhibits a unique lamellar morphology consisting of interconnected nanograins of ≈20 nm size with a hierarchical nanoporous structure, contributing to an enhanced rate capability with a capacity of 128 mA h g−1 at a high C‐rate of 10 C, and excellent cycling stability.
Role of crystalline ethylene‐propylene copolymer on mechanical properties of impact polypropylene copolymer
Authors: Rungswang Wonchalerm , Saendee Phutsadee , Thitisuk Boonyakeat , Pathaweeisariyakul Thipphaya , Cheevasrirungruang Watcharee 
Published: September 2012

AbstractImpact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) has been known as a multiphase material in which an ethylene‐propylene (EP) random copolymer, serves as toughening component, is dispersed in the homo‐polypropylene hPP matrix. The crystalline EP copolymer (cEP) is another component whose role and microstructural effect on the IPC properties has not been well understood. This work reveals the relationship between the microstructure of cEP and the mechanical properties, that is, impact and tensile resistance, of IPC. We clarify that IPC comprising high contents of cEP with long homo‐PP segment can extend the elongation at break while cEP with high content of homo‐PE segment contributes to high impact strength. Mechanisms for both of these processes have been proposed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Inflammatory Protein Expression in Adolescent and Adult Offspring of Type 1 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Dowling Daniel , Corrigan Niamh , Downey Paul , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: September 2012

AIMSTo measure inflammatory markers in offspring of pregestational type 1 diabetic mothers.METHODSType 1 diabetes was induced in female C57BL6/J mice using streptozotocin. Offspring from control C57BL6/J and type 1 diabetic mothers were followed up to adulthood and blood was collected at 6 and 12 weeks of age, representing adolescent and adult stages respectively. Five well‐established inflammatory markers; Matrix metalloproteinase 9, soluble E‐selectin, sICAM‐1, sVCAM‐1, and total plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) were measured on an inflammatory multiplex assay in plasma.RESULTSBlood plasma from adolescent offspring from diabetic mothers displayed an increase in all five inflammatory markers when compared to controls, and there was a highly significant increase in sVCAM‐1 (64.56 ± 20.1 vs. 33.8 ± 20.75; p < 0.01) and tPAI‐1 (0.05 ± 0.02 vs. 0.02 ± 0.01; p < 0.01) expression.CONCLUSIONOur findings show that inflammatory markers are increased in offspring of pregestational diabetic mothers. This may represent a mechanism for increased risk of cardiovascular disease evident in these offspring.