bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermospheric NO Cooling During 2003 October “Halloween Storm”: Revisited
Authors: Bag Tikemani , Ogawa Y. , Sivakumar V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Nitric Oxide (NO) emission at 5.3 μm wavelength is a well‐known coolant above 100 km. It effectively regulates thermospheric temperature during space weather events. We studied NO cooling emission over Tromsø (geographic:69.59°N, 19.22°E; cgm:66.58°,102.94°), Norway by using the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) simulation driven by both Heelis and Weimer models as sources of geomagnetic forcing during October–November 2003 storm. The Weimer driven TIEGCM significantly overestimates thermospheric Nitric Oxide and Atomic Oxygen densities and underestimates temperature as compared to the Heelis driven simulation. The density ratio between the Weimer and Heelis driven estimations decreases with increasing altitude for both NO and atomic oxygen densities. The Heelis driven Joule heating rate agrees very well with the European incoherent scatter (EISCAT) radar measurements. It peaks during the main phase of the storm with magnitude about 4–5 times higher than that driven by Weimer model which peaks during the recovery phase. The difference in Joule heating rates between the Heelis and Weimer driven models increases with storm intensity, reaching a peak discrepancy of about an order of magnitude during the October‐November 2003 storm. An early and stronger NO cooling enhancement is predicted by Heelis driven TIEGCM simulation. It overestimates NO cooling emission by about 2–3 times as compared to SABER observations and about 4–5 times the Weimer driven calculation. This strong difference between the two models can be attributed to the model calculations of high latitude electric field and convection patterns.
Satellite Derived Trait Data Slightly Improves Tropical Forest Biomass, NPP and GPP Estimates
Authors: Doughty Christopher E. , Gaillard Camille , Burns Patrick , Malhi Yadvinder , Shenkin Alexander , Minor David , Duncanson Laura , Aguirre‐Gutiérrez Jesús , Goetz Scott , Tang Hao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImproving tropical forest current biomass estimates can help more accurately evaluate ecosystem services in tropical forests. The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar provides detailed 3D forest structure and height data, which can be used to improve above‐ground biomass estimates. However, there is still debate on how best to predict tropical forest biomass using GEDI data. Here we compare stand biomass predicted by GEDI data with the observed data of 2,102 inventory plots in tropical forests and find that adding a remotely sensed (RS) trait map of leaf mass area (LMA) significantly (P < 0.001) improves field biomass predictions, but by only a small amount (r2 = 0.01). However, it may also help reduce the bias of the residuals because there was a negative relationship between both LMA (r2 of 0.34) and percentage of phosphorus (%P, r2 = 0.31) and residuals. Leaf spectral data (400–1,075 nm) from 523 individual trees along a Peruvian tropical forest elevation gradient predicted Diameter at Breast height (DBH) (the critical measurement underlying plot biomass) with an r2 = 0.01 and LMA predicts DBH with an r2 = 0.04. Other data sets may offer further improvements and max temperature (Tmax) predicts Amazonian biomass residuals with an r2 of 0.76 (N = 66). Finally, for a network of net primary production (NPP) and gross primary production (GPP) plots (N = 21), leaf traits predicted with remote sensing are better at predicting fluxes than structure variables. Overall, trait maps, especially future improved ones produced by Surface Biology Geology, may improve biomass and carbon flux predictions by a small but significant amount.
Learning Constitutive Relations From Soil Moisture Data via Physically Constrained Neural Networks
Authors: Bandai Toshiyuki , Ghezzehei Teamrat A. , Jiang Peishi , Kidger Patrick , Chen Xingyuan , Steefel Carl I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe constitutive relations of the Richardson‐Richards equation encode the macroscopic properties of soil water retention and conductivity. These soil hydraulic functions are commonly represented by models with a handful of parameters. The limited degrees of freedom of such soil hydraulic models constrain our ability to extract soil hydraulic properties from soil moisture data via inverse modeling. We present a new free‐form approach to learning the constitutive relations using physically constrained neural networks. We implemented the inverse modeling framework in a differentiable modeling framework, JAX, to ensure scalability and extensibility. For efficient gradient computations, we implemented implicit differentiation through a nonlinear solver for the Richardson‐Richards equation. We tested the framework against synthetic noisy data and demonstrated its robustness against varying magnitudes of noise and degrees of freedom of the neural networks. We applied the framework to soil moisture data from an upward infiltration experiment and demonstrated that the neural network‐based approach was better fitted to the experimental data than a parametric model and that the framework can learn the constitutive relations.
Enhanced photothermoelectric conversion in self-rolled tellurium photodetector with geometry-induced energy localization
Authors: Huang Jiayuan , You Chunyu , Wu Binmin , Wang Yunqi , Zhang Ziyu , Zhang Xinyu , Liu Chang , Huang Ningge , Zheng Zhi , Wu Tingqi , Kiravittaya Suwit , Mei Yongfeng , Huang Gaoshan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhotodetection has attracted significant attention for information transmission. While the implementation relies primarily on the photonic detectors, they are predominantly constrained by the intrinsic bandgap of active materials. On the other hand, photothermoelectric (PTE) detectors have garnered substantial research interest for their promising capabilities in broadband detection, owing to the self-driven photovoltages induced by the temperature differences. To get higher performances, it is crucial to localize light and heat energies for efficient conversion. However, there is limited research on the energy conversion in PTE detectors at micro/nano scale. In this study, we have achieved a two-order-of-magnitude enhancement in photovoltage responsivity in the self-rolled tubular tellurium (Te) photodetector with PTE effect. Under illumination, the tubular device demonstrates a maximum photovoltage responsivity of 252.13 V W−1 and a large detectivity of 1.48 × 1011Jones. We disclose the mechanism of the PTE conversion in the tubular structure with the assistance of theoretical simulation. In addition, the device exhibits excellent performances in wide-angle and polarization-dependent detection. This work presents an approach to remarkably improve the performance of photodetector by concentrating light and corresponding heat generated, and the proposed self-rolled devices thus hold remarkable promises for next-generation on-chip photodetection.
The parasubthalamic nucleus refeeding ensemble delays feeding initiation and hastens water drinking
Authors: Dunning Jeffery L. , Lopez Catherine , Krull Colton , Kreifeldt Max , Angelo Maggie , Shu Leeann , Ramakrishnan Charu , Deisseroth Karl , Contet Candice 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe parasubthalamic nucleus (PSTN) is activated by refeeding after food deprivation and several PSTN subpopulations have been shown to suppress feeding. However, no study to date directly addressed the role of PSTN neurons activated upon food access in the control of ensuing food consumption. Here we identify consumption latency as a sensitive behavioral indicator of PSTN activity, and show that, in hungry mice, the ensemble of refeeding-activated PSTN neurons drastically increases the latency to initiate refeeding with both familiar and a novel, familiar food, but does not control the amount of food consumed. In thirsty mice, this ensemble also delays sucrose consumption but accelerates water consumption, possibly reflecting anticipatory prandial thirst, with again no influence on the amount of fluid consumed. We next sought to identify which subpopulations of PSTN neurons might be driving these latency effects, using cell-type and pathway-specific chemogenetic manipulations. Our results suggest a prominent role of PSTN Tac1 neurons projecting to the central amygdala in the hindrance of feeding initiation. While PSTN Crh neurons also delay the latency of hungry mice to ingest familiar foods, they surprisingly promote the consumption of novel, palatable substances. Furthermore, PSTN Crh neurons projecting to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis accelerate rehydration in thirsty mice. Our results demonstrate the key role of endogenous PSTN activity in the control of feeding and drinking initiation and delineate specific circuits mediating these effects, which may have relevance for eating disorders.
Epigenetic signals associated with delirium replicated across four independent cohorts
Authors: Nishizawa Yoshitaka , Thompson Kaitlyn C. , Yamanashi Takehiko , Wahba Nadia E. , Saito Taku , Marra Pedro S. , Nagao Takaaki , Nishiguchi Tsuyoshi , Shibata Kazuki , Yamanishi Kyosuke , Hughes Christopher G. , Pandharipande Pratik , Cho Hyunkeun , Howard Matthew A. , Kawasaki Hiroto , Toda Hiroyuki , Kanazawa Tetsufumi , Iwata Masaaki , Shinozaki Gen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDelirium is risky and indicates poor outcomes for patients. Therefore, it is crucial to create an effective delirium detection method. However, the epigenetic pathophysiology of delirium remains largely unknown. We aimed to discover reliable and replicable epigenetic (DNA methylation: DNAm) markers that are associated with delirium including post-operative delirium (POD) in blood obtained from patients among four independent cohorts. Blood DNA from four independent cohorts (two inpatient cohorts and two surgery cohorts; 16 to 88 patients each) were analyzed using the Illumina EPIC array platform for genome-wide DNAm analysis. We examined DNAm differences in blood between patients with and without delirium including POD. When we compared top CpG sites previously identified from the initial inpatient cohort with three additional cohorts (one inpatient and two surgery cohorts), 11 of the top 13 CpG sites showed statistically significant differences in DNAm values between the delirium group and non-delirium group in the same directions as found in the initial cohort. This study demonstrated the potential value of epigenetic biomarkers as future diagnostic tools. Furthermore, our findings provide additional evidence of the potential role of epigenetics in the pathophysiology of delirium including POD.
TFEB controls syncytiotrophoblast formation and hormone production in placenta
Authors: Cesana Marcella , Tufano Gennaro , Panariello Francesco , Zampelli Nicolina , Soldati Chiara , Mutarelli Margherita , Montefusco Sandro , Grieco Giuseppina , Sepe Lucia Vittoria , Rossi Barbara , Nusco Edoardo , Rossignoli Giada , Panebianco Giorgia , Merciai Fabrizio , Salviati Emanuela , Sommella Eduardo Maria , Campiglia Pietro , Martello Graziano , Cacchiarelli Davide , Medina Diego Luis , Ballabio Andrea 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTFEB, a bHLH-leucine zipper transcription factor belonging to the MiT/TFE family, globally modulates cell metabolism by regulating autophagy and lysosomal functions. Remarkably, loss of TFEB in mice causes embryonic lethality due to severe defects in placentation associated with aberrant vascularization and resulting hypoxia. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenotype has remained elusive. By integrating in vivo analyses with multi-omics approaches and functional assays, we have uncovered an unprecedented function for TFEB in promoting the formation of a functional syncytiotrophoblast in the placenta. Our findings demonstrate that constitutive loss of TFEB in knock-out mice is associated with defective formation of the syncytiotrophoblast layer. Indeed, using in vitro models of syncytialization, we demonstrated that TFEB translocates into the nucleus during syncytiotrophoblast formation and binds to the promoters of crucial placental genes, including genes encoding fusogenic proteins (Syncytin-1 and Syncytin-2) and enzymes involved in steroidogenic pathways, such as CYP19A1, the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of 17β-Estradiol (E2). Conversely, TFEB depletion impairs both syncytial fusion and endocrine properties of syncytiotrophoblast, as demonstrated by a significant decrease in the secretion of placental hormones and E2 production. Notably, restoration of TFEB expression resets syncytiotrophoblast identity. Our findings identify that TFEB controls placental development and function by orchestrating both the transcriptional program underlying trophoblast fusion and the acquisition of endocrine function, which are crucial for the bioenergetic requirements of embryonic development.
Intracellular cartilage oligomeric matrix protein augments breast cancer resistance to chemotherapy
Authors: Hanitrarimalala Veroniaina , Bednarska Izabela , Murakami Takashi , Papadakos Konstantinos S. , Blom Anna M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChemotherapy persists as the primary intervention for breast cancer, with chemoresistance posing the principal obstacle to successful treatment. Herein, we show that cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) expression leads to increased cancer cell survival and attenuated apoptosis under treatment with several chemotherapeutic drugs, anti-HER2 targeted treatment, and endocrine therapy in several breast cancer cell lines tested. The COMP-induced chemoresistance was independent of the breast cancer subtype. Extracellularly delivered recombinant COMP failed to rescue cells from apoptosis while endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-restricted COMP-KDEL conferred resistance to apoptosis, consistent with the localization of COMP in the ER, where it interacted with calpain. Calpain activation was reduced in COMP-expressing cells and maintained at a lower level of activation during treatment with epirubicin. Moreover, the downstream caspases of calpain, caspases -9, -7, and -3, exhibited significantly reduced activation in COMP-expressing cells under chemotherapy treatment. Chemotherapy, when combined with calpain activators, rendered the cells expressing COMP more chemosensitive. Also, the anti-apoptotic proteins phospho-Bcl2 and survivin were increased in COMP-expressing cells upon chemotherapy. Cells expressing a mutant COMP lacking thrombospondin repeats exhibited reduced chemoresistance compared to cells expressing full-length COMP. Evaluation of calcium levels in the ER, cytosol, and mitochondria revealed that COMP expression modulates intracellular calcium homeostasis. Furthermore, patients undergoing chemotherapy or endocrine therapy demonstrated significantly reduced overall survival time when tumors expressed high levels of COMP. This study identifies a novel role of COMP in chemoresistance and calpain inactivation in breast cancer, a discovery with potential implications for anti-cancer therapy.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Bahri Khomami Mahnaz , Shorakae Soulmaz , Hashemi Somayeh , Harrison Cheryce L. , Piltonen Terhi T. , Romualdi Daniela , Tay Chau Thien , Teede Helena J. , Vanky Eszter , Mousa Aya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractScreening for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in antenatal care is inadequate, largely owing to the lack of clarity around whether PCOS is an independent risk factor for pregnancy complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis include 104 studies and 106,690 pregnancies in women with and without PCOS from inception until 13th July 2022. We report that women with PCOS are younger and have higher body mass index (BMI) around conception and have greater gestational weight gain. The odds of miscarriage, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia and cesarean section are higher in women with PCOS. The increased odds of adverse outcomes in PCOS remain significant when age and BMI are matched and when analyses are restricted to high-quality studies. This work informed the recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome, emphasizing that PCOS status should be captured in all women who are planning to, or have recently become pregnant to facilitate prevention of adverse outcomes and improve pregnancy outcomes.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of birth outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Bahri Khomami Mahnaz , Hashemi Somayeh , Shorakae Soulmaz , Harrison Cheryce L. , Piltonen Terhi T. , Romualdi Daniela , Tay Chau Thien , Mousa Aya , Vanky Eszter , Teede Helena J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIt is unclear whether polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an independent risk factor for adverse birth outcomes in the offspring of affected women. Here, we investigate the association of PCOS with birth outcomes in the offspring of women with PCOS overall and by potential confounders. This systematic review and meta-analysis included 73 studies and 92,881 offspring of women with and without PCOS from inception until 13th July 2022. We report that mothers with PCOS are younger and have higher body mass index (BMI) around conception and have greater gestational weight gain. The odds of preterm birth, fetal growth restriction and low birth weight are higher and mean birthweight is lower in PCOS of which a lower mean birthweight and a higher small for gestational age are probably independent of BMI. This work informed the recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome, emphasizing that PCOS status should be captured at pregnancy to identify risk and improve birth outcomes in the offspring.
Topological Fermi-arc surface state covered by floating electrons on a two-dimensional electride
Authors: Lim Chan-young , Kim Min-Seok , Lim Dong Cheol , Kim Sunghun , Lee Yeonghoon , Cha Jaehoon , Lee Gyubin , Song Sang Yong , Thapa Dinesh , Denlinger Jonathan D. , Kim Seong-Gon , Kim Sung Wng , Seo Jungpil , Kim Yeongkwan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional electrides can acquire topologically non-trivial phases due to intriguing interplay between the cationic atomic layers and anionic electron layers. However, experimental evidence of topological surface states has yet to be verified. Here, via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), we probe the magnetic Weyl states of the ferromagnetic electride [Gd2C]2+·2e−. In particular, the presence of Weyl cones and Fermi-arc states is demonstrated through photon energy-dependent ARPES measurements, agreeing with theoretical band structure calculations. Notably, the STM measurements reveal that the Fermi-arc states exist underneath a floating quantum electron liquid on the top Gd layer, forming double-stacked surface states in a heterostructure. Our work thus not only unveils the non-trivial topology of the [Gd2C]2+·2e− electride but also realizes a surface heterostructure that can host phenomena distinct from the bulk.
Structural and functional characterization of cyclic pyrimidine-regulated anti-phage system
Authors: Hou Mei-Hui , Chen Chao-Jung , Yang Chia-Shin , Wang Yu-Chuan , Chen Yeh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract3’,5’-cyclic uridine monophosphate (cUMP) and 3’,5’-cyclic cytidine monophosphate (cCMP) have been established as bacterial second messengers in the phage defense system, named pyrimidine cyclase system for anti-phage resistance (Pycsar). This system consists of a pyrimidine cyclase and a cyclic pyrimidine receptor protein. However, the molecular mechanism underlying cyclic pyrimidine synthesis and recognition remains unclear. Herein, we determine the crystal structures of a uridylate cyclase and a cytidylate cyclase, revealing the conserved residues for cUMP and cCMP production, respectively. In addition, a distinct zinc-finger motif of the uridylate cyclase is identified to confer substantial resistance against phage infections. Furthermore, structural characterization of cUMP receptor protein PycTIR provides clear picture of specific cUMP recognition and identifies a conserved N-terminal extension that mediates PycTIR oligomerization and activation. Overall, our results contribute to the understanding of cyclic pyrimidine-mediated bacterial defense.
HuR controls glutaminase RNA metabolism
Authors: Adamoski Douglas , M. dos Reis Larissa , Mafra Ana Carolina Paschoalini , Corrêa-da-Silva Felipe , Moraes-Vieira Pedro Manoel Mendes de , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana , Calin George A. , Dias Sandra Martha Gomes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlutaminase (GLS) is directly related to cell growth and tumor progression, making it a target for cancer treatment. The RNA-binding protein HuR (encoded by the ELAVL1 gene) influences mRNA stability and alternative splicing. Overexpression of ELAVL1 is common in several cancers, including breast cancer. Here we show that HuR regulates GLS mRNA alternative splicing and isoform translation/stability in breast cancer. Elevated ELAVL1 expression correlates with high levels of the glutaminase isoforms C (GAC) and kidney-type (KGA), which are associated with poor patient prognosis. Knocking down ELAVL1 reduces KGA and increases GAC levels, enhances glutamine anaplerosis into the TCA cycle, and drives cells towards glutamine dependence. Furthermore, we show that combining chemical inhibition of GLS with ELAVL1 silencing synergistically decreases breast cancer cell growth and invasion. These findings suggest that dual inhibition of GLS and HuR offers a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
Highly efficient recycling of polyester wastes to diols using Ru and Mo dual-atom catalyst
Authors: Tang Minhao , Shen Ji , Wang Yiding , Zhao Yanfei , Gan Tao , Zheng Xusheng , Wang Dingsheng , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe chemical recycling of polyester wastes is of great significance for sustainable development, which also provides an opportunity to access various oxygen-containing chemicals, but generally suffers from low efficiency or separation difficulty. Herein, we report anatase TiO2 supported Ru and Mo dual-atom catalysts, which achieve transformation of various polyesters into corresponding diols in 100% selectivity via hydrolysis and subsequent hydrogenation in water under mild conditions (e.g., 160 °C, 4 MPa). Compelling evidence is provided for the coexistence of Ru single-atom and O-bridged Ru and Mo dual-atom sites within this kind of catalysts. It is verified that the Ru single-atom sites activate H2 for hydrogenation of carboxylic acid derived from polyester hydrolysis, and the O-bridged Ru and Mo dual-atom sites suppress hydrodeoxygenation of the resultant alcohols due to a high reaction energy barrier. Notably, this kind of dual-atom catalysts can be regenerated with high activity and stability. This work presents an effective way to reconstruct polyester wastes into valuable diols, which may have promising application potential.