bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of freshly prepared juice from garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a biopesticide against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Nwachukwu Ifeanyi Daniel , Asawalam Elechi Franca 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Freshly prepared garlic (Allium sativum L.) juice, containing the antimicrobial allicin, was evaluated as a possible grain pro-tectant against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.). Each experiment was set out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications, and there was a control treatment. Adult mortality and weight loss percentage were investigated. There was an observed increase in adult mortality following days of exposure in all treatments. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduced grain loss was also observed in all the treatments when compared with the control. The juice samples were freshly prepared from an indigenous Nigerian garlic cultivar (GUN) and a cultivar purchased from a supermarket in Germany (GAG). These garlic juice samples exhibited lethal effects causing at least 90% adult mortality in contact toxicity tests. The amount of allicin in GUN was 1.88 mg/ml according to High Pressure Liquids Chromatography (HPLC) analysis, while the amount of allicin in GAG was 3.50 mg/ml. This study highlights the potential of A. sativum containing allicin for biorational control of maize grains against S. zeamais infestation and damage.
Palaeo-earthquake events during the late Early Palaeozoic in the central Tarim Basin (NW China): evidence from deep drilling cores
Authors: He Bizhu , Qiao Xiufu , Jiao Cunli , Xu Zhiqin , Cai Zhihui , Guo Xianpu , Zhang Yinli 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Various millimetre-, centimetre- and metre-scale soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) have been identified in the Upper Ordovician and Lower-Middle Silurian from deep drilling cores in the Tarim Basin (NW China). These structures include liquefied-sand veins, liquefaction-induced breccias, boudinage-like structures, load and diapir- or flame-like structures, dish and mixed-layer structures, hydroplastic convolutions and seismic unconformities. The deformed layers are intercalated by undeformed layers of varying thicknesses that are petrologically and sedimentologically similar to the deformed layers.
The SSDS developed in a shelf environment during the early Late Ordovician and formed initially under shear tensile stress conditions, as indicated by boudinage-like structures; during the latest Ordovician, SSDS formed under a com-pressional regime. The SSDS in the Lower-Middle Silurian consist mainly of mixed layers and sand veins; they formed in shoreline and tidal-flat settings with liquefaction features indicating an origin under a compressional stress regime. By Silurian times, the centre of tectonic activity had shifted to the south-eastern part of the basin.
The SSDS occur at different depths in wells that are close to the syn-sedimentary Tazhong 1 Fault (TZ1F) and associated reversed-thrust secondary faults. Based on their characteristics, the inferred formation mechanism and the spatial association with faults, the SSDS are interpreted as seismites. The Tazhong 1 fault was a seismogenic fault during the later Ordovician, whereas the reversed-direction secondary faults became active in the Early-Middle Silurian.
Multiple palaeo-earthquake records reflect pulses and cyclicity, which supports secondary tectonic activity within the main tectonic movement. The range of SSDS structures reflects different developments of tectonic activity with time for the various tectonic units of the centralbasin. The effects of the strong palaeo-earthquake activity coincide with uplift, fault activity and syn-tectonic sedimentation in the study area during the Late Ordovician to Middle Silurian.
Late Pleistocene-Holocene earthquake-induced slumps and soft-sediment deformation structures in the Acequion River valley, Central Precordillera, Argentina
Authors: Perucca Laura P , Godoy Enrique , Pantano Ana 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Evidence of earthquake-induced liquefaction features in the Acequión river valley, central western Argentina, is analysed. Well-preserved soft-sediment deformation structures are present in Late Pleistocene deposits; they include two large slumps and several sand dikes, convolutions, pseudonodules, faults, dish structures and diapirs in the basal part of a shallow-lacustrine succession in the El Acequión River area. The water-saturated state of these sediments favoured deformation.
All structures were studied in a natural trench created as a result of erosion by a tributary of the Acequión River, called El Mono Creek. They form part of a large-scale slump system. Two slumps occur in the western portion of the trench and must have moved towards the ENE (70°), where the depocentre of the Boca del Acequión area is situated. Considering the spatial relationship with Quaternary faults, the slumps are interpreted as being due to a seismic event. The thickest dikes in the El Mono Creek trench occur in the eastern portion of the trench, indicating that the responsible earthquake was located to the east of the study area, probably at the Cerro Salinas fault system zone.
The slumps, sand dikes and other soft-sediment deformation features are interpreted as having been triggered by earthquakes, thus providing a preliminary palaeoseismic record of the Cerro Salinas fault system and extending the record of moderate-to high-magnitude earthquakes in central western Argentina to the Late Pleistocene.
Interviewing in the Medical Context: Questions, Answers, Assessments – An Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Gyurό Monika 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
There has been a large amount of research done on doctor-patient encounters analysing the linguistic and discursive peculiarities occurring in these interactions. Though many relevant features of medical interviewing are well-known to the scientific public, there are still areas for further investigation. One of these areas is the sequential organisation of the dialogues between patients and doctors.
This paper aims to show the pragmatic means that contribute to the efficacy of doctor-patient talk. As a method, the contribution applies the Sociocognitive Approach to Critical Discourse Analysis. The sequential organisation of therapeutic dialogues involves the use of particular speech acts (questions, answers, assessments) that are characteristic of the comforting and confirming procedures of the therapist. The paper intends to analyse the parts of the therapeutic interview (initiation, exploration and termination) to show patient-centredness in interviewing and the sequential organisation of empathy and confirmation with the help of an interview transcript between a doctor and patient after a renal transplant.
Multigeneric Intertextuality in Advertising: Discourse Strategy from a Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Katarína Nemčoková 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Advert recipients have wide-ranging experiences of perceiving other texts. When these experiences become the basis of perceiving advert messages, we speak of intertextuality operating as a discourse strategy. This paper studies multigeneric intertextuality in printed advertising, i.e. delivering an advert message through a register or text-form typical of other genres, for which discourse analysis and the genre studies perspective are adapted. From the cognitive linguistics perspective, it focuses on how the experience becomes the basis of building an emotive and attitudinal layer of meaning via exploring the recipient's mental space. The article studies cues signalling intertextual processing, specifically cues of socially determined discourses such as cooking recipes, warning signs, computer-mediated communication, scientific discussions or travel brochures, which may function as mental space inducing cues in the collected adverts. It also deals with how intertextuality in adverts can be scaled and how the level of explicitness relates to promoting various categories of products.
A Military Transitional Year Professionalism Curriculum
Authors: Edwards Mary , Sterbis Joseph R. , Olson Holly L. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Development of professionalism is a critical component of a military transitional year residency. Little published research exists to guide programs in meeting this challenge.

Objective and Methods
After significant concerns regarding resident professionalism were raised by Tripler Army Medical Center faculty, a novel transitional residency professionalism curriculum was conceived and implemented. Universal expectations of physician professionalism, as perceived by various stakeholders (patients, parents, faculty, and nurses), were explored using a small group, discussion-based curriculum. This was combined with a small group, discussion-based, lessons-learned project and a military-unique curriculum.

Results
Since implementation, the curriculum has had 100% satisfaction on the part of the faculty and 80% to 100% on the part of the residents, as measured by annual review surveys. Although resident professionalism scores on evaluations did not change significantly, the number of adverse actions because of professionalism lapses has decreased steadily in the 4 years since inception, and the program has been without any such actions for the past 18 months.

Conclusions
Our novel transitional residency professionalism curriculum has been successful in a military residency program.
Bed load fluctuations in a steep channel
Authors: Ghilardi Tamara , Franca Mário J. , Schleiss Anton J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBed load transport rate fluctuations have been observed over time in steep rivers and flumes with wide grain size distributions even under constant sediment feeding and water discharge. The observed bed load transport rate pulses are periodic and a consequence of grain sorting. Moreover, the presence of large, relatively immobile boulders, such as erratic stones, which are often present in mountain streams, has an impact on flow conditions. The detailed analysis of a 13 h laboratory experiment is presented in this paper. Boulders were randomly placed in a flume with a steep slope (6.7%), and water and sediment were constantly supplied to the flume. Along with the sediment transport and bulk mean flow velocity, the boulder protrusion, boulder surface, and number of hydraulic jumps, which are indicators of the channel morphology, were measured regularly during the experiment. Periodic bed load transport rate pulses are clearly visible in the data collected during this long‐duration experiment, along with correlated fluctuations in the flow velocity and bed morphology. The links among the bulk velocity, the time evolution of the morphology variables, and the bed load transport rate are analyzed via correlational analysis, showing that the fluctuations are strongly related. A phase analysis of all observed variables is performed, and the average shapes of the time cycles of the fluctuations are shown. Observations indicate that the detected periodic fluctuations correspond to different bed states. Furthermore, the grain size distribution through the channel, which varies in time and space, clearly influences these bed load transport rate pulses. Finally, known bed load transport rate formulae are tested, showing that only the application of a drag shear stress allows a correct estimation of the time fluctuations.
High‐resolution modeling of the Eastern Tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone: Sensitivity to the tropical oceanic circulation
Authors: Montes Ivonne , Dewitte Boris , Gutknecht Elodie , Paulmier Aurélien , Dadou Isabelle , Oschlies Andreas , Garçon Véronique 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe connection between the equatorial mean circulation and the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific is investigated through sensitivity experiments with a high‐resolution coupled physical‐biogeochemical model. A validation against in situ observations indicates a realistic simulation of the vertical and horizontal oxygen distribution by the model. Two sets of climatological open‐boundary conditions for the physical variables, which differ slightly with respect to the intensity and vertical structure of the Equatorial Current System, are shown to lead to contrasting characteristics of the simulated OMZ dynamics. From a Lagrangian perspective, the mean differences near the coast originate to a large extent from the different transport of deoxygenated waters by the secondary Tsuchiya Jet (secondary Southern Subsurface Countercurrent, sSSCC). The O2 budget further indicates a large difference in the balance between tendency terms, with advection exhibiting the largest difference between both simulations, which is shown to result from both linear and nonlinear advection. At regional scale, we also find that the variability of the physical contribution to the rate of O2 change is one order of magnitude larger than the variability associated with the biogeochemical contribution, which originates from internal high‐frequency variability. Overall our study illustrates the large sensitivity of the OMZ dynamics to the equatorial circulation.
Molecular Design of an Environmentally Sensitive Fluorescent Nucleoside, 3‐Deaza‐2′‐Deoxyadenosine Derivative: Distinguishing Thymine by Probing the DNA Minor Groove
Authors: Suzuki Azusa , Yanaba Takumi , Saito Isao , Saito Yoshio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn environmentally sensitive fluorescent nucleoside containing a 3‐deazaadenine skeleton has been developed, and its photophysical properties were investigated. Newly developed C3‐naphthylethynylated 3‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyadenosine (3nzA, 1) exhibited dual fluorescence emission from an intramolecular charge‐transfer state and a locally excited state, depending upon molecular coplanarity. DNA probes containing 1 clearly discriminated a perfectly matched thymine base on the complementary strand by a distinct change in emission wavelength.
Benzocyclobutane, Benzocycloheptane and Heptene Derivatives as Melatonin Agonists and Antagonists
Authors: Tsotinis Andrew , Afroudakis Pandelis A. , Garratt Peter J. , Bocianowska‐Zbrog Alina , Sugden David 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTwo series of analogues were designed, synthesised and evaluated as potential human melatonin type 1 and 2 receptor (hMT1 and hMT2) ligands. Their biological effects were assessed by a well‐established, specific model of melatonin action, the pigment response of Xenopus laevis melanophores. Compounds containing a benzocyclobutane scaffold and a methoxy group in the “melatonin” orientation were found to be potent agonists, with one of the analogues exhibiting activity comparable to melatonin. In contrast, analogues with a methoxy group in non‐melatonin positions or with multiple methoxy groups showed either weaker agonist activity or were antagonists. Benzocycloheptene derivatives with one methoxy group are found to be weak agonists, whereas those with two methoxy groups were found to be antagonists, as were all of the benzocycloheptane derivatives evaluated. The most active compounds were assessed in a human receptor radio ligand binding assay but showed little discrimination between MT1 and MT2. These results again show that the indole nitrogen of melatonin is not a necessary component for analogue activity and also illustrate that replacement of the indole ring with a 4‐membered carbocycle can provide highly active compounds when the methoxy group is in the melatonin position.
The Mitochondrial Amidoxime Reducing Component (mARC): Involvement in Metabolic Reduction of N‐Oxides, Oximes and N‐Hydroxyamidinohydrazones
Authors: Jakobs Heyka H. , Froriep Danilo , Havemeyer Antje , Mendel Ralf R. , Bittner Florian , Clement Bernd 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component (mARC) is a molybdenum‐containing enzyme and capable of reducing N‐hydroxylated structures such as amidoxime prodrugs. In this study, we tested the involvement of mARC in the reduction of N‐oxides (amitriptyline‐N‐oxide, nicotinamide‐N‐oxide), oximes ((E)‐/(Z)‐2,4,6‐trimethylacetophenonoxime) and a N‐hydroxyamidinohydrazone (guanoxabenz). All groups are reduced by mARC proteins, and the enzymes are therefore involved in the interconversion of N‐oxygenated metabolites originating from cytochrome P450s and flavin‐containing monooxygenases. In addition, these structures open up further options for serving as prodrugs. Thus, with respect to these reactions, testing of candidates with N‐oxygenated structures should not solely be carried out in microsomal enzyme sources but as well in mitochondria. However, differences in the reduction of oximes and N‐oxides between the two isoforms, namely mARC1 and mARC2, were detectable; N‐oxides are exclusively reduced by mARC1. We therefore assume differences between the so far unknown 3D structures of the two proteins.
Rapid Evaluation of Power Degradation in Series Connection of Single Feeding Microsized Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Rojas Jhonathan Prieto , Alqarni Wejdan , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe have developed a sustainable, single feeding, microsized, air‐cathode and membrane‐free microbial fuel cells with a volume of 40 μL each, which we have used for rapid evaluation of power generation and viability of a series array of three cells seeking higher voltage levels. Contrary to expectations, the achieved power density was modest (45 mW m−3), limited due to non‐uniformities in assembly and the single‐channel feeding system.
Acquisition of resistance after continuous infection with Ascaridia galli in chickens
Authors: FERDUSHY T. , SCHOU T. W. , NORUP L. R. , DALGAARD T. S. , THAMSBORG S. M. , NEJSUM P. , PERMIN A. , JUUL-MADSEN H. R. , KYVSGAARD N. C. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYAcquired resistance against Ascaridia galli infection was studied in seventy-two 18-week-old white Leghorn chickens allocated to six groups (G1–G6). In order to understand the population dynamics following trickle-infection (100 eggs per chicken twice weekly), chickens of subgroups of G1 were necropsied 3 days after 1, 6 or 12 inoculations (G1A, G1B and G1C respectively), while G2–G4 were inoculated for 6 weeks. G2 was necropsied 4 weeks after the last inoculation. The number of established larvae increased initially (between G1A and G1B) but decreased after repeated inoculations (G1C, G2). G3, G4 and G5 were used to measure the efficacy of anthelminthic treatment and to monitor the acquisition of resistance following a challenge infection. At week 7 G3, G4 and G5 were treated with flubendazole for 7 days in the feed. Two weeks after treatment the chickens in G4 and G5 were challenged with 500 eggs. G6 was left as uninfected control. Necropsy at week 10 after first inoculation revealed a lower establishment rate, an impaired development and a more posterior localization of the larvae in G4 (trickle-infected-treated-challenged) compared with G5 (treated-challenged). IgY level in serum reached noticeable level at 14 dpi in G2 and G4 chickens, and in G4 chickens IgY level further increased after challenge infection. The study provides evidence that acquired resistance against A. galli in chickens leads to a significant yet incomplete protection against re-infection.
ON WEAKLY AMPLE SEMIGROUPS
Authors: PETRICH MARIO 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLet$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}S$be a semigroup. Elements$a,b$of$S$are$\widetilde{\mathscr{R}}$-related if they have the same idempotent left identities. Then$S$is weakly left ample if (1) idempotents of$S$commute, (2) $\widetilde{\mathscr{R}}$is a left congruence, (3) for any$a \in S$,$a$is$\widetilde{\mathscr{R}}$-related to a (unique) idempotent, say$a^+$, and (4) for any element$a$and idempotent$e$of$S$,$ae=(ae)^+a$. Elements$a,b$of$S$are$\mathscr{R}^*$-related if, for any$x,y \in S^1$,$xa=ya$if and only if$xb=yb$. Then$S$is left ample if it satisfies (1), (3) and (4) relative to$\mathscr{R}^*$instead of$\widetilde{\mathscr{R}}$. Further,$S$is (weakly) ample if it is both (weakly) left and right ample. We establish several characterizations of these classes of semigroups. For weakly left ample ones we provide a construction of all such semigroups with zero all of whose nonzero idempotents are primitive. Among characterizations of weakly ample semigroups figure (strong) semilattices of unipotent monoids, and among those for ample semigroups, (strong) semilattices of cancellative monoids. This describes the structure of these two classes of semigroups in an optimal way, while, for the ‘one-sided’ case, the problem of structure remains open.
Cdon acts as a Hedgehog decoy receptor during proximal-distal patterning of the optic vesicle
Authors: Cardozo Marcos Julián , Sánchez-Arrones Luisa , Sandonis África , Sánchez-Camacho Cristina , Gestri Gaia , Wilson Stephen W. , Guerrero Isabel , Bovolenta Paola 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPatterning of the vertebrate optic vesicle into proximal/optic stalk and distal/neural retina involves midline-derived Hedgehog (Hh) signalling, which promotes stalk specification. In the absence of Hh signalling, the stalks are not specified, causing cyclopia. Recent studies showed that the cell adhesion molecule Cdon forms a heteromeric complex with the Hh receptor Patched 1 (Ptc1). This receptor complex binds Hh and enhances signalling activation, indicating that Cdon positively regulates the pathway. Here we show that in the developing zebrafish and chick optic vesicle, in which cdon and ptc1 are expressed with a complementary pattern, Cdon acts as a negative Hh signalling regulator. Cdon predominantly localizes to the basolateral side of neuroepithelial cells, promotes the enlargement of the neuroepithelial basal end-foot and traps Hh protein, thereby limiting its dispersion. This Ptc-independent function protects the retinal primordium from Hh activity, defines the stalk/retina boundary and thus the correct proximo-distal patterning of the eye.
A hydrophobic barrier deep within the inner pore of the TWIK-1 K2P potassium channel
Authors: Aryal Prafulla , Abd-Wahab Firdaus , Bucci Giovanna , Sansom Mark S. P. , Tucker Stephen J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRecent X-ray crystal structures of the two-pore domain (K2P) family of potassium channels have revealed a unique structural architecture at the point where the cytoplasmic bundle-crossing gate is found in most other tetrameric K+channels. However, despite the apparently open nature of the inner pore in the TWIK-1 (K2P1/KCNK1) crystal structure, the reasons underlying its low levels of functional activity remain unclear. In this study, we use a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and functional validation to demonstrate that TWIK-1 possesses a hydrophobic barrier deep within the inner pore, and that stochastic dewetting of this hydrophobic constriction acts as a major barrier to ion conduction. These results not only provide an important insight into the mechanisms which control TWIK-1 channel activity, but also have important implications for our understanding of how ion permeation may be controlled in similar ion channels and pores.