bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repellency to Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) of Plant Essential Oils Alone or in Combination With Calophyllum inophyllum Nut Oil
Authors: Hieu Tran Trung , Kim Soon-Il , Lee Sang-Guei , Ahn Young-Joon 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The repellency to female Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) of 21 essential oils (EOs) alone or in combination with Calophyllum inophyllum L. (Clusiaceae) nut oil (tamanu oil) was examined using an exposed human hand bioassay. Results were compared with those of commonly used repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET). In tests with six human male volunteers at a dose of 0.5 mg/cm2, patchouli (protection time [PT], 3.67 h) was the most effective EO but less active than DEET (4.47 h), as judged by the PT to first bite. Very strong repellency also was produced by clove bud, lovage root, and clove leaf EOs (PT, 3.50–3.25 h), whereas strong repellency was obtained from thyme white EO (2.12 h). Thyme red, oregano, and geranium EOs exhibited moderate repellency (PT, 1.24–1.11 h). At 0.25 mg/cm2, protection time of clove bud, clove leaf, and lovage root EOs (PT, ≈1 h) was shorter than that of DEET (2.17 h). An increase in the protection time was produced by binary mixtures (PT, 2.68–2.04 h) of five EOs (clove bud, clove leaf, thyme white, patchouli, and savory) and tamanu oil (0.25:2.0 mg/cm2) compared with that of either the constituted essential oil or tamanu oil alone (PT, 0.56 h). The protection time of these binary mixtures was comparable with that of DEET. With the exception of savory EO, the other EOs, tamanu oil, and binary mixtures did not induce any adverse effects on the human volunteers at 0.5 mg/cm2. Thus, binary mixtures of essential oils and tamanu oil described merit further study as potential repellents for protection from humans and domestic animals from biting and nuisance caused by S. calcitrans.
Detection of West Nile Virus RNA in Mosquitoes and Identification of Mosquito Blood Meals Collected at Alligator Farms in Louisiana
Authors: Unlu Isik , Kramer Wayne L. , Roy Alma F. , Foil Lane D. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Since 2001, alligator farms in the United States have sustained substantial economic losses because of West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Once an initial infection is introduced into captive alligators, WNV can spread among animals by contaminative transmission. Some outbreaks have been linked to feeding on infected meat or the introduction of infected hatchlings, but the initial source of WNV infection has been uncertain in other outbreaks. We conducted a study to identify species composition and presence of WNV in mosquito populations associated with alligator farms in Louisiana. A second objective of this study was to identify the origin of mosquito blood meals collected at commercial alligator farms. Mosquitoes were collected from 2004 to 2006, using Centers for Disease Control light traps, gravid traps, backpack aspirators, and resting boxes. We collected a total of 58,975 mosquitoes representing 24 species. WNV was detected in 41 pools of females from 11 mosquito species: Anopheles crucians, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Coquillettidia perturbans, Culex coronator, Culex erraticus, Culex nigripalpus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Mansonia titillans, Aedes sollicitans, Psorophora columbiae, and Uranotaenia lowii. The blood meal origins of 213 field-collected mosquitoes were identified based on cytochrome B sequence identity. Alligator blood was detected in 21 mosquitoes representing six species of mosquitoes, including Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. nigripalpus. Our results showed that mosquitoes of species that are known to be competent vectors of WNV fed regularly on captive alligators. Therefore, mosquitoes probably are important in the role of transmission of WNV at alligator farms.
Formulations of Deet, Picaridin, and IR3535 Applied to Skin Repel Nymphs of the Lone Star Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) for 12 Hours
Authors: Carroll J. F. , Benante J. P. , Kramer M. , Lohmeyer K. H. , Lawrence K. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The efficacies of a 20% 1-methyl-propyl-2-(hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate (picaridin) spray, 20% 3-(N-acetyl-N-butyl)aminopropionic acid ethyl ester (IR3535) spray, 20% picaridin lotion, 10% IR3535 lotion, and 33% N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) cream in repelling nymphal lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), were determined at 2-h intervals over 12 h using human subjects. A repellent formulation was applied in a 5-cm-wide band encircling a volunteer’s lower leg. For each challenge, 70 host-seeking nymphs were released on each volunteer’s ankle, and tick locations were recorded 10 min after the ticks were released. Ticks that crawled entirely across the repellent band were considered not repelled. For all formulations and time points, significantly fewer (all P &lt; 0.0001) A. americanum nymphs crossed the treatment bands on the volunteers’ ankles than crossed the corresponding area on the untreated control legs. Formulations containing ≥20% active ingredient were highly effective, with &lt;10% of the ticks crossing through the treatment bands for any challenge during the 12 h. At least 40% of ticks exposed to any formulation for any challenge fell or crawled off the volunteers. There was no difference in effectiveness between the 20% spray and 20% lotion formulations of picaridin. The 10% IR3535 lotion was significantly less effective than the formulations with higher concentrations of repellent. In the formulations tested, deet, picaridin, and IR3535 provided lasting protection against A. americanum.
The Role of Computed Tomography Angiography in Patients Undergoing Evaluation for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: An Early Program Experience
Authors: Youssef Samuel J. , Millan Juan A. , Youssef Gabriel M. , Earnheart Amanda , Lehr Eric J. , Barnhart Glenn R. 
Published: January 2015

Objective An increasing number of patients are undergoing surgical procedures using minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS). These techniques use conventional or retrograde arterial perfusion with direct aortic cross-clamping or endoballoon occlusion. Precise knowledge of the arterial tree is required to avoid complications and to plan for the operation. We examined the role of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in evaluating patients for MICS. Methods We reviewed all consecutive candidates undergoing CTA during preoperative evaluation for MICS aortic, mitral, tricuspid, Maze, atrial septal defect, or myxoma procedures between February 2008 and May 2010. The CTA findings of patients excluded from MICS were compared against those successfully undergoing MICS. Results One hundred eleven MICS candidates underwent preoperative CTA. Thirty-five (32%) had single or multiple CTA findings precluding MICS and underwent sternotomy. Seventy-six (68%) had favorable CTA findings and underwent MICS. The MICS group had a mean age of 62 years, with 29 women (39%); the non-MICS group had a mean age of 68 years, with 17 women (48%). Of the patients excluded from MICS, two (6%) had diminished or absent lower extremity pulses. All MICS patients (except for aortic) had successful use of the endoballoon. There were no perfusion or peripheral vascular complications. There was one stroke, one lymphocele, and one death (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation). Conclusions Computed tomography angiography is of fundamental importance in evaluating patients for MICS. It can identify calcified regions that make for threatening catheter passage with subsequent retrograde arterial perfusion. Abnormalities of the arterial tree are identified. The use of CTA-guided patient selection can thus avoid major perioperative complications.
A comparison of a formal triage scoring system and a quick-look triage approach
Authors: Betz Martin , Stempien James , Wilde Alan , Bryce Rhonda 
Published: January 2015

Background
Emergency Department (ED) triage systems have become increasingly comprehensive over time, requiring ever more resources such as nursing time and computer support. There are very few studies that have looked at whether this increased complexity results in improved performance.

Objectives
This study looked at one aspect of performance, comparing reliability of triage nurses’ (TNs) triage scores utilizing a simple quick-look method with a commonly used, resource-intense, five-level triage system.

Methods
This observational study of TNs was carried out in two urban tertiary-care hospital EDs, in real time, assessing patients arriving consecutively. Immediately upon patients’ arrival, TNs were asked to assign triage scores based simply on their observation of the patient and the chief complaint. The patient was then triaged in the department’s usual way, utilizing a computer-assisted five-level triage system [Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS)]. Agreement between scores was quantified. κ scores were calculated, and weighted by the CTAS score.

Results
A total of 496 triage assessments were included. Percent agreement between the quick-look method and the standard CTAS method was 84.5%. κ scores were moderately high. Fourteen patients (2.6%), ultimately classified as CTAS 1 or 2, initially received lower scores from TNs using the quick-look method. No comparison of validity was assessed.

Conclusion
TNs assigning triage scores to ED patients on arrival, using only chief complaint and observation, were statistically comparable to scores assigned utilizing a resource-intense, comprehensive triage system, but clinically significant discrepancies were identified.
Ethically justified treatment limitations in emergency situations
Authors: Tirkkonen Joonas , Olkkola Klaus T. , Tenhunen Jyrki , Hoppu Sanna 
Published: January 2015

Objective
Medical emergency teams (METs) implement do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) orders and other limitations of medical treatment (LOMTs) in hospitals regularly. However, METs operate in emergency situations with limited or no patient information at the scene. We aimed to study the medical ethics of LOMTs implemented in in-hospital emergency situations.

Methods
This was a prospective observational study with retrospect case-note analysis conducted in a single Finnish university hospital over 16 months. Data were collected according to the Utstein-style scientific statement.

Results
There were 774 reviews on 640 patients without preceding LOMT. During the reviews MET assigned LOMTs (including 55 DNACPR orders) for a group of 59 patients who were older (median 77 vs. 68 years; P<0.001) and had higher cumulative comorbidity (median Charlson comorbidity index 2 vs. 1; P=0.001) compared with patients without LOMTs (no-LOMT). Most reviews (71%) leading to new LOMTs occurred during on-call time. In the majority of LOMT cases at least two physicians (86%) and the patient/relatives (76%) were involved in the decision-making. All but one (98%) of the LOMT reviews were documented in the electronic patient records and included clearly described rationale for the LOMT. The median durations of the MET reviews (31 vs. 31 min, P=0.9) were comparable in the two groups. Age alone was never recorded as a reason for LOMT.

Conclusion
LOMTs were implemented in a decent and ethically justified manner in emergency situations following the code of conduct recommended by guidelines, even though MET operated under highly suboptimal circumstances for end-of-life care planning.
The RING Finger Ubiquitin E3 Ligase SDIR1 Targets SDIR1-INTERACTING PROTEIN1 for Degradation to Modulate the Salt Stress Response and ABA Signaling inArabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Huawei , Cui Feng , Wu Yaorong , Lou Lijuan , Liu Lijing , Tian Miaomiao , Ning Yuese , Shu Kai , Tang Sanyuan , Xie Qi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many aspects of plant development and the stress response. The intracellular E3 ligase SDIR1 (SALT- AND DROUGHT-INDUCED REALLY INTERESTING NEW GENE FINGER1) plays a key role in ABA signaling, regulating ABA-related seed germination and the stress response. In this study, we found that SDIR1 is localized on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using cell biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry approaches, we demonstrated that SDIR1 interacts with and ubiquitinates its substrate, SDIRIP1 (SDIR1-INTERACTING PROTEIN1), to modulate SDIRIP1 stability through the 26S proteasome pathway. SDIRIP1 acts genetically downstream of SDIR1 in ABA and salt stress signaling. In detail, SDIRIP1 selectively regulates the expression of the downstream basic region/leucine zipper motif transcription factor gene ABA-INSENSITIVE5, rather than ABA-RESPONSIVE ELEMENTS BINDING FACTOR3 (ABF3) or ABF4, to regulate ABA-mediated seed germination and the plant salt response. Overall, the SDIR1/SDIRIP1 complex plays a vital role in ABA signaling through the ubiquitination pathway.
Assessing the utility of whole genome amplified DNA for next‐generation molecular ecology
Authors: Blair Christopher , Campbell C. Ryan , Yoder Anne D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDNA quantity can be a hindrance in ecological and evolutionary research programmes due to a range of factors including endangered status of target organisms, available tissue type, and the impact of field conditions on preservation methods. A potential solution to low‐quantity DNA lies in whole genome amplification (WGA) techniques that can substantially increase DNA yield. To date, few studies have rigorously examined sequence bias that might result from WGA and next‐generation sequencing of nonmodel taxa. To address this knowledge deficit, we use multiple displacement amplification (MDA) and double‐digest RAD sequencing on the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) to quantify bias in genome coverage and SNP calls when compared to raw genomic DNA (gDNA). We focus our efforts in providing baseline estimates of potential bias by following manufacturer's recommendations for starting DNA quantities (>100 ng). Our results are strongly suggestive that MDA enrichment does not introduce systematic bias to genome characterization. SNP calling between samples when genotyping both de‐novo and with a reference genome are highly congruent (>98%) when specifying a minimum threshold of 20X stack depth to call genotypes. Relative genome coverage is also similar between MDA and gDNA, and allelic dropout is not observed. SNP concordance varies based on coverage threshold, with 95% concordance reached at ~12X coverage genotyping de‐novo and ~7X coverage genotyping with the reference genome. These results suggest that MDA may be a suitable solution for next‐generation molecular ecological studies when DNA quantity would otherwise be a limiting factor.
Long‐term mortality, remission, criminality and psychiatric comorbidity of heroin dependence: 11‐year findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study
Authors: Teesson Maree , Marel Christina , Darke Shane , Ross Joanne , Slade Tim , Burns Lucy , Lynskey Michael , Memedovic Sonja , White Joanne , Mills Katherine L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimsTo determine the long‐term mortality, remission, criminality and psychiatric comorbidity during 11 years among heroin‐dependent Australians.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingSydney, Australia.ParticipantsA total of 615 participants were recruited and completed baseline interviews between 2001 and 2002. Participants completed follow‐up interviews at 3, 12, 24 and 36 months post‐baseline, and again at 11 years post‐baseline; 431 (70.1%) of the original 615 participants completed the 11‐year follow‐up.MeasurementsParticipants were administered the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS) structured interview, addressing demographics, treatment history, drug use, heroin overdose, criminality, health and mental health at all interviews. Overall, 96.1% of the cohort completed at least one follow‐up interview.FindingsAt 11 years, 63 participants (10.2%) were deceased. The proportion of participants who reported using heroin in the preceding month decreased significantly from baseline (98.7%) to 36‐month follow‐up (34.0%; odds ratio = 0.01; 95% confidence interval = 0.00, 0.01) with further reductions evident between 36 months and 11 years (24.8%). However, one in four continued to use heroin at 11 years, and close to one‐half (46.6%) were in current treatment. The reduction in current heroin use was accompanied by reductions in risk‐taking, crime and injection‐related health problems, and improvements in general physical and mental health. The relationship with treatment exposure was varied. Major depression was associated consistently with poorer outcome.ConclusionsIn an 11‐year follow‐up of patients undergoing treatment for heroin dependence, 10.2% had died and almost half were still in treatment; the proportion still using heroin fell to a quarter, with major depression being a significant predictor of continued use.
Ultrasonography and C‐reactive protein can predict the outcomes of voiding cystography after the first urinary tract infection
Authors: Kido Jun , Yoshida Fuminori , Sakaguchi Katsuya , Ueno Yasushi , Yanai Masaaki 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThis study evaluated whether sex, clinical variables, laboratory variables or ultrasonography predicted the presence of vesicoureteric reflux during the first episode of urinary tract infection in paediatric patients. We also aimed to define the criteria that indicated the need for voiding cystography testing.MethodsWe used voiding cystography to investigate 200 patients who experienced their first urinary tract infection at our institution between 2004 and 2013 and retrospectively analysed the data by reviewing their medical records.ResultsSex (p = 0.001), peak blood C‐reactive protein levels (p < 0.001), the duration of fever after antibiotic administration (p = 0.007) and the ultrasonography findings grade (p < 0.001) were significantly different between patients with and without vesicoureteric reflux. Grade IV–V ultrasonography findings and C‐reactive protein levels of ≥80 mg/L predicted vesicoureteric reflux with a sensitivity, specificity and odds ratio of 47.8%, 87.8% and 6.59 (95% confidence interval = 3.26–13.33), respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionVoiding cystography should be performed for patients with C‐reactive protein levels of ≥80 mg/L and grade IV–V ultrasonography findings, but is not necessary in patients with C‐reactive protein levels of <80 mg/L and grade I–III ultrasonography findings.
Decompressing posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation significantly improves regional cerebral oxygen saturation in preterm infants
Authors: Norooz F , Urlesberger B , Giordano V , Klebermasz‐Schrehof K , Weninger M , Berger A , Olischar M 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThis study aimed to delineate the impact of posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) on regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rcSO2) in preterm infants before and after ventricular decompression using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).MethodsrcSO2 values were recorded, fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE) was calculated, cerebral ultrasound scans were performed, and resistive indices and ventricular width were collected before and after decompression. Where possible, amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded before and after decompression.ResultsWe included nine preterm infants: nine with cranial ultrasound scan data, eight with NIRS data, seven with aEEG data and four with VEPs. The resistive index was stable and remained unchanged after decompression in all patients. Before decompression, the mean rcSO2 value was 42.6 ± 12.9% and increased to 55 ± 12.2% after decompression. With increasing ventricular width, FTOE showed a mean value of 0.51 ± 0.05 and decreased to a mean of 0.39 ± 0.12 after decompression. Amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography showed a more continuous pattern, and VEPs showed delayed latencies in all patients before intervention, improving afterwards.ConclusionNear‐infrared spectroscopy may be of additional clinical value in progressive PHVD to determine the optimal time point for ventricular decompression.
Observational infant exploratory [14C]‐paracetamol pharmacokinetic microdose/therapeutic dose study with accelerator mass spectrometry bioanalysis
Authors: Garner Colin R. , Park Kevin B. , French Neil S. , Earnshaw Caroline , Schipani Alessandro , Selby Andrew M. , Byrne Lindsay , Siner Sarah , Crawley Francis P. , Vaes Wouter H. J. , van Duijn Esther , deLigt Rianne , Varendi Heili , Lass Jane , Grynkiewicz Grzegorz , Maruszak Wioletta , Turner Mark A. 
Published: January 2015

AimsThe aims of the study were to compare [14C]‐paracetamol ([14C]‐PARA) paediatric pharmacokinetics (PK) after administration mixed in a therapeutic dose or an isolated microdose and to develop further and validate accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) bioanalysis in the 0–2 year old age group.Methods[14C]‐PARA concentrations in 10–15 µl plasma samples were measured after enteral or i.v. administration of a single [14C]‐PARA microdose or mixed in with therapeutic dose in infants receiving PARA as part of their therapeutic regimen.ResultsThirty‐four infants were included in the PARA PK analysis for this study: oral microdose (n = 4), i.v. microdose (n = 6), oral therapeutic (n = 6) and i.v. therapeutic (n = 18). The respective mean clearance (CL) values (SDs in parentheses) for these dosed groups were 1.46 (1.00) l h–1, 1.76 (1.07) l h–1, 2.93 (2.08) l h–1 and 2.72 (3.10) l h–1, t1/2 values 2.65 h, 2.55 h, 8.36 h and 7.16 h and dose normalized AUC(0‐t) (mg l–1 h) values were 0.90 (0.43), 0.84 (0.57), 0.7 (0.79) and 0.54 (0.26).ConclusionsAll necessary ethical, scientific, clinical and regulatory procedures were put in place to conduct PK studies using enteral and systemic microdosing in two European centres. The pharmacokinetics of a therapeutic dose (mg kg–1) and a microdose (ng kg–1) in babies between 35 to 127 weeks post‐menstrual age. [14C]‐PARA pharmacokinetic parameters were within a two‐fold range after a therapeutic dose or a microdose. Exploratory studies using doses significantly less than therapeutic doses may offer ethical and safety advantages with increased bionalytical sensitivity in selected exploratory paediatric pharmacokinetic studies.
Adenomas with high‐grade dysplasia and early adenocarcinoma are more likely to be sessile in the proximal colon
Authors: Sawhney M. S. , Dickstein J. , LeClair J. , Lembo C. , Yee E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimSize and the sessile morphology of an adenoma may explain why colonoscopy is less effective in preventing proximal colonic cancer than distal cancers. We wanted to determine if advanced polypoid neoplasms (APNs, i.e. adenoma with high‐grade dysplasia or early adenocarcinoma) are more likely to be sessile and/or smaller in the proximal colon.MethodWe searched our institution's pathology database from 2004 to 2012 and identified patients with APNs. Polyps were categorized by size, morphology and location in the colon. Average polyp size and morphology were determined for each location.ResultsDuring the study period, 564 patients with APNs were identified. Of these, adenocarcinoma was noted in 21.6% and high‐grade dysplasia in 78.4%. The average patient age was 64.4 years and 54.9% were men. The proportion of APNs that were ≤ 5 mm was 1.7%, ≤ 10 mm 19.3% and ≤ 15 mm 39%. APNs in the proximal colon were larger than those in the distal colon, but the difference was not statistically significant (27 vs 24 mm; P = 0.06). Eighty‐three per cent of APNs in the proximal colon were sessile vs 57% in the distal colon (P = 0.001). APNs in the proximal colon were almost four times more likely to be sessile than in the distal colon (OR = 3.7). A similar association was noted for polyps ≤ 20 mm or polyps with high‐grade dysplasia.ConclusionAPNs in the proximal colon were almost four‐times more likely to be sessile than those in the distal colon. No difference in the size of polyps was noted.