bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wolbachia-Mediated Antiviral Protection in Drosophila Larvae and Adults following Oral Infection
Authors: Stevanovic Aleksej L. , Arnold Pieter A. , Johnson Karyn N. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Understanding viral dynamics in arthropods is of great importance when designing models to describe how viral spread can influence arthropod populations. The endosymbiotic bacterium
Wolbachia
spp., which is present in up to 40% of all insect species, has the ability to alter viral dynamics in both
Drosophila
spp. and mosquitoes, a feature that in mosquitoes may be utilized to limit spread of important arboviruses. To understand the potential effect of
Wolbachia
on viral dynamics in nature, it is important to consider the impact of natural routes of virus infection on
Wolbachia
antiviral effects. Using adult
Drosophila
strains, we show here that
Drosophila
-
Wolbachia
associations that have previously been shown to confer antiviral protection following systemic viral infection also confer protection against virus-induced mortality following oral exposure to Drosophila C virus in adults. Interestingly, a different pattern was observed when the same fly lines were challenged with the virus when still larvae. Analysis of the four
Drosophila
-
Wolbachia
associations that were protective in adults indicated that only the w1118-
w
MelPop association conferred protection in larvae following oral delivery of the virus. Analysis of
Wolbachia
density using quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that a high
Wolbachia
density was congruent with antiviral protection in both adults and larvae. This study indicates that
Wolbachia
-mediated protection may vary between larval and adult stages of a given
Wolbachia
-host combination and that the variations in susceptibility by life stage correspond with
Wolbachia
density. The differences in the outcome of virus infection are likely to influence viral dynamics in
Wolbachia
-infected insect populations in nature and could also have important implications for the transmission of arboviruses in mosquito populations.
Assessing the impact of waste picking on musculoskeletal disorders among waste pickers in Mumbai, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Singh Shrikant , Chokhandre Praveen 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) as well as the impact of the occupation of waste picking on complaints of MSDs among waste pickers. The study attempts to understand the risk factors for MSDs in various areas of the body.DesignA cross-sectional household survey was conducted using a case-control design. The survey instrument for measuring musculoskeletal symptoms was adopted from a standardised Nordic questionnaire. The impact of the occupation of waste picking on MSDs was analysed using the propensity score matching (PSM) method.ParticipantsThe study population consisted of waste pickers (n=200) who had been working for at least a year and a control group (n=213) selected from among or living close to the same communities.ResultsThe 12-month prevalence of MSDs was higher among waste pickers (79%) compared to controls (55%) particularly in the lower back (54–36%), knee (48–35%), upper back (40–21%) and shoulder (32–12%). Similar patterns were observed in the 12-month prevalence of MSDs which prevented normal activity inside and outside the home, particularly for the lower back (36–21%), shoulder (21–7%) and upper back (25–12%) for waste pickers and controls. Analysis of the impact of waste picking on complaints of MSDs suggests that the occupation of waste picking raises the risk of MSDs particularly in the shoulder, lower and upper back. Older age and longer duration of work are significant risk factors for MSDs.ConclusionsThe findings suggest a relatively higher prevalence of MSDs among waste pickers, particularly in the lower and upper back and shoulder, compared to controls. Preventive measures and treatment to minimise the burden of MSDs among waste pickers are strongly recommended.
Screening for suspected coronary heart disease in patients, using integrated serum biochemical indices
Authors: Feng Lei , Zhang Chunfang , Nian Shiyan , Hao Yinglu , Xu Wenbo , Zhang Xingfeng , Zhang Jun , Li Li 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundMany serum biochemical indices have been found to be associated with coronary heart disease (CHD); however, few studies have evaluated the value on screening CHD of the integrated serum biochemical indices.MethodsIn this study, 627 healthy controls and 1049 patients with CHD were recruited to develop CHD screening models for males and females using unconditional logistic regression. The performance of the screening models was evaluated by areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs), and externally validated in another population comprised of 190 healthy controls and 246 patients with CHD.ResultsBackward stepwise variable selection showed that increasing age, total cholesterol (TC), logarithm-transformed homocysteine (lnHCY), logarithm-transformed γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (lnGGT), and decreasing uric acid, logarithm-transformed triglyceride, apolipoprotein A (apoA) and apolipoprotein B (apoB), increased the detection of CHD in males. In comparison, increasing age, TC, lnHCY, lnGGT and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol versus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and decreasing apoA, apoB, logarithm transformed lipoprotein (A) and logarithm transformed total bilirubin, increased the detection of CHD in females. The AUCs for the screening models for males and females were 0.958 (95% CI 0.946 to 0.969) and 0.986 (95% CI 0.977 to 0.994), respectively. The performance of the screening models was further evaluated in external validation samples, the AUCs for males and females were 0.907 and 0.992, respectively.ConclusionsOur study suggests that integrated serum biochemical indices may be used to screen for suspected CHD in participants.
Simultaneous Targeting of FcγRs and FcαRI Enhances Tumor Cell Killing
Authors: Brandsma Arianne M. , ten Broeke Toine , Nederend Maaike , Meulenbroek Laura A.P.M. , van Tetering Geert , Meyer Saskia , Jansen J.H. Marco , Beltrán Buitrago M. Alejandra , Nagelkerke Sietse Q. , Németh István , Ubink Ruud , Rouwendal Gerard , Lohse Stefan , Valerius Thomas , Leusen Jeanette H.W. , Boross Peter 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Efficacy of anticancer monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is limited by the exhaustion of effector mechanisms. IgG mAbs mediate cellular effector functions through FcγRs expressed on effector cells. IgA mAbs can also induce efficient tumor killing both in vitro and in vivo. IgA mAbs recruit FcαRI-expressing effector cells and therefore initiate different effector mechanisms in vivo compared with IgG. Here, we studied killing of tumor cells coexpressing EGFR and HER2 by the IgG mAbs cetuximab and trastuzumab and their IgA variants. In the presence of a heterogeneous population of effector cells (leukocytes), the combination of IgG and IgA mAbs to two different tumor targets (EGFR and HER2) led to enhanced cytotoxicity compared with each isotype alone. Combination of two IgGs or two IgAs or IgG and IgA against the same target did not enhance cytotoxicity. Increased cytotoxicity relied on the presence of both the peripheral blood mononuclear cell and the polymorphonuclear (PMN) fraction. Purified natural killer cells were only cytotoxic with IgG, whereas cytotoxicity induced by PMNs was strong with IgA and poor with IgG. Monocytes, which coexpress FcγRs and FcαRI, also displayed increased cytotoxicity by the combination of IgG and IgA in an overnight killing assay. Coinjection of cetuximab and IgA2-HER2 resulted in increased antitumor effects compared with either mAb alone in a xenograft model with A431-luc2-HER2 cells. Thus, the combination of IgG and IgA isotypes optimally mobilizes cellular effectors for cytotoxicity, representing a promising novel strategy to improve mAb therapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(12); 1316–24. ©2015 AACR.
Atherogenic Lipoprotein Subfractions Determined by Ion Mobility and First Cardiovascular Events After Random Allocation to High-Intensity Statin or Placebo
Authors: Mora Samia , Caulfield Michael P. , Wohlgemuth Jay , Chen Zhihong , Superko H. Robert , Rowland Charles M. , Glynn Robert J. , Ridker Paul M , Krauss Ronald M. 
Published: September 2015

Background—
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) can occur in individuals with low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C). We investigated whether detailed measures of LDL subfractions and other lipoproteins can be used to assess CVD risk in a population with both low LDL-C and high C-reactive protein who were randomized to high-intensity statin or placebo.

Methods and Results—
In 11 186 Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) participants, we tested whether lipids, apolipoproteins, and ion mobility–measured particle concentrations at baseline and after random allocation to rosuvastatin 20 mg/d or placebo were associated with first CVD events (n=307) or CVD/all-cause death (n=522). In placebo-allocated participants, baseline LDL-C was not associated with CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per SD, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–1.21). In contrast, associations with CVD events were observed for baseline non–high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01–1.38), apolipoprotein B (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.11–1.48), and ion mobility–measured non-HDL particles (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05–1.35) and LDL particles (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.07–1.37). Association with CVD events was also observed for several LDL and very-low-density lipoprotein subfractions but not for ion mobility–measured HDL subfractions. In statin-allocated participants, CVD events were associated with on-treatment LDL-C, non-HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B; these were also associated with CVD/all-cause death, as were several LDL and very-low-density lipoprotein subfractions, albeit with a pattern of association that differed from the baseline risk.

Conclusions—
In JUPITER, baseline LDL-C was not associated with CVD events, in contrast with significant associations for non-HDL cholesterol and atherogenic particles: apolipoprotein B and ion mobility–measured non-HDL particles, LDL particles, and select subfractions of very-low-density lipoprotein particles and LDL particles. During high-intensity statin therapy, on-treatment levels of LDL-C and atherogenic particles were associated with residual risk of CVD/all-cause death.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00239681.
O dwóch znaczeniach i jednym wartościowaniu leksemu czystość (na tle niektórych wyrazów pokrewnych i antonimów)
Authors: Raszewska-Żurek Beata 
Published: September 2015

On the double meaning and single evaluation of the Polish lexeme czystość as compared with selected synonyms and antonyms This article is dedicated to evolution of both meanings of lexeme czystość – physical, meaning cleanness and ethical meaning purity with its’ evaluation. Both of them orginate from Praslavic language. For better understanding of its’ meanings adjective czysty, antonyms nieczystość, nieczysty, brud and brudny were taken into analysis.Ethical meaning of czystość as morality, righteousness was used commonly in Praslavic language and widely documented during the XVIth Century. It described wide range of positive meanings including sexual purity which became a dominant one. Despite of that fact czystość had great value and was described by positive epithets. It resulted from religious terminology and was one of the importancies in human life. Positive valuing of czystość in ethical meaning (purity) has not changed during next centuries but the way of expressing it has. Czystość described commonly known virtues like czystość serca, czystość zamiarów, czystość intencji, czystość obyczajów. Wide spectrum of understanding it as a virtue resulted in describing other accepted and positive values. Nowadays czystość as a virtue is used less common probably because of it’s pathetic overtone. Throughout the polish language history positive evaluation of purity was strongly underlined by its’ antonyms like nieczystość and transforming into ethical meaning brud.Physical meaning of czystość, rarely recorded because of the saced character of first documents (dominant ones) has not changed over the centuries. Nowadays this meaning become dominant. It resultes from cultural changes and orientation on hygienic style of life – physical czystość (hygiene) is connected with comfort, wellness and health. Unchengable positive meaning of physical czystość resultes from it’s strong antonym brud (dirt) which highly evokes sickness and repulsion.
Expertise Development With Different Types of Automation
Authors: Jipp Meike 
Published: September 2015

Objective: I explored whether different cognitive abilities (information-processing ability, working-memory capacity) are needed for expertise development when different types of automation (information vs. decision automation) are employed. Background: It is well documented that expertise development and the employment of automation lead to improved performance. Here, it is argued that a learner’s ability to reason about an activity may be hindered by the employment of information automation. Additional feedback needs to be processed, thus increasing the load on working memory and decelerating expertise development. By contrast, the employment of decision automation may stimulate reasoning, increase the initial load on information-processing ability, and accelerate expertise development. Authors of past research have not investigated the interrelations between automation assistance, individual differences, and expertise development. Method: Sixty-one naive learners controlled simulated air traffic with two types of automation: information automation and decision automation. Their performance was captured across 16 trials. Well-established tests were used to assess information-processing ability and working-memory capacity. Results: As expected, learners’ performance benefited from expertise development and decision automation. Furthermore, individual differences moderated the effect of the type of automation on expertise development: The employment of only information automation increased the load on working memory during later expertise development. The employment of decision automation initially increased the need to process information. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences and expertise development when investigating human–automation interaction. Application: The results are relevant for selecting automation configurations for expertise development.
Comparative Analysis of Head and Neck and Non–Head and Neck Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Authors: Patel Tapan D. , Shaigany Kevin , Fang Christina H. , Park Richard Chan , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are a group of tumors that arise from peripheral nerves or from the various elements of the nerve sheath, including Schwann cells and perineural fibroblasts. Head and neck MPNSTs (HN‐MPNSTs) are rare, accounting for 8% to 16% of all soft tissue sarcomas. This study analyzes the demographic, clinicopathologic, and survival characteristics of HN‐MPNSTs and establishes comparisons with MPNSTs at other body sites (other‐MPNSTs).Study DesignAnalysis of population‐based tumor registry.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsThe SEER database (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; 1973‐2012) was queried for HN‐MPNSTs (324 cases) and other‐MPNSTs (1680 cases). Data were analyzed comparatively with respect to various demographic and clinicopathologic factors. Disease‐specific survival was analyzed with the Kaplan‐Meier model.ResultsMean age at diagnosis for HN‐MPNST was 49.1 years, compared with 46.1 years for other‐MPNSTs (P =. 0169). There was a sex predilection for males in HN‐MPNSTs (60.2%) versus a female predilection for other‐MPNSTs (54.2%; P <. 0001). Average tumor size for HN‐MPNSTs was 4.9 cm, compared with 8.7 cm for other‐MPNSTs (P <. 0001). HN‐MPNSTs were more commonly of low histologic grade types, whereas other‐MPNSTs were mostly of high histologic grade (P =. 0073). HN‐MPNSTs had a higher 5‐year disease‐specific survival than other‐MPNSTs (65.1% vs 57.4%; P =. 0209).ConclusionsHN‐MPNSTs are rare entities. This study represents the largest series of HN‐MPNSTs to date. Although HN‐MPNSTs and other‐MPNSTs share a common histology, there are important clinical differences between the 2 groups.
Antihistamine Use for Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Prince Anthony A. , Rosenfeld Richard M. , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesThe otitis media with effusion (OME) clinical practice guideline endorsed by the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Family Physicians recommends against using antihistamines. Avoiding antihistamines was previously endorsed as a performance measure by the National Quality Foundation, but data regarding current practice patterns are lacking. Thus, our objectives were to evaluate (1) antihistamine usage in association with OME, (2) whether practice varies according to visit setting, and (3) if usage patterns are such that a future change would be measurable.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingAmbulatory visits in the United States.Subjects and MethodsNational Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys, 2005‐2010; univariate, multivariate, and stratified analyses of antihistamine usage were performed.ResultsA total of 133,968 observations representing 1.49 × 109 pediatric visits met inclusion criteria. Antihistamines were used in 9.5% of OME visits, as opposed to 5.5% of visits without OME (univariate odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.02‐3.29; P =. 042). Multivariate analysis confirmed that OME was associated with a significant increase in nonsedating antihistamine usage (odds ratio, 3.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.62‐7.71; P =. 002), when adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, allergic conditions and nasal inflammatory diagnoses.ConclusionsOral antihistamines are significantly more likely to be administered when OME is diagnosed. Although antihistamine use for OME is proportionally low, the high prevalence of OME creates an opportunity for quality improvement. Future changes in clinician behavior in response to an updated guideline or related performance metric could be monitored.
Rivaroxaban for Thromboprophylaxis After Fracture-Related Orthopedic Surgery in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Lassen Michael R. , Haas Sylvia , Kreutz Reinhold , Mantovani Lorenzo G. , Holberg Gerlind , Turpie Alexander G. G. 
Published: September 2015

Background: The risk of venous thromboembolism is high in patients undergoing fracture-related major orthopedic surgery, but data on pharmacological thromboprophylaxis are limited. This analysis evaluated the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban after fracture-related orthopedic surgery in routine care compared with other pharmacological thromboprophylaxis (standard of care [SOC]). Methods: The study population comprised a subset of patients with lower-limb fracture from XArelto in the prophylaxis of post-surgical venous thromboembolism after elective Major Orthopaedic Surgery of hip or knee (XAMOS; a phase IV noninterventional study) and a XAMOS extension study (XAMOS-Extra). The study participants included patients who underwent surgery for hip/femur or lower-leg fractures (below-knee lower-leg fractures, eg, the tibia or foot). All adverse events were recorded, including symptomatic thromboembolic events and bleeding events. Results: Data from 790 patients were available for analysis (n = 350 for rivaroxaban and n = 440 for SOC). The incidence of symptomatic thromboembolic events 3 months postsurgery was 0.57% (2 of the 350) in the rivaroxaban group and 1.14% (5 of the 440) in the SOC group (odds ratio [OR]: 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10-2.59). Treatment-emergent major bleeding events occurred in 0.29% (1 of the 350) of patients receiving rivaroxaban and 0.45% (2 of the 440) of patients receiving SOC (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.06-6.95). There were no cases of fatal or critical bleeding in either treatment group. The incidences of wound complications and any other adverse events were numerically lower with rivaroxaban compared with SOC. Conclusions: These data from routine practice demonstrate that rivaroxaban can provide effective thromboprophylaxis after fracture-related orthopedic surgery of the lower limb with a favorable safety profile.
Critical role of serum response factor in podocyte epithelial–mesenchymal transition of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Zhao Long , Wang Xueling , Sun Lina , Nie Huibin , Liu Xiangchun , Chen Zhixin , Guan Guangju 
Published: September 2015

Purpose: To investigate the expression and function of serum response factor in podocyte epithelial–mesenchymal transition of diabetic nephropathy. Methods: The expression of serum response factor, epithelial markers and mesenchymal markers was examined in podocytes or renal cortex tissues following high glucose. Serum response factor was upregulated by its plasmids and downregulated by CCG-1423 to investigate how it influenced podocyte epithelial–mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy. Streptozotocin was used to generate diabetes mellitus in rats. Results: In podocytes after high glucose treatment, serum response factor and mesenchymal markers increased, while epithelial markers declined. Similar changes were observed in vivo. Serum response factor overexpression in podocytes induced expression of Snail, an important transcription factor mediating epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Blockade of serum response factor reduced Snail induction, protected podocytes from epithelial–mesenchymal transition and ameliorated proteinuria. Conclusion: Together, increased serum response factor activity provokes podocytes’ epithelial–mesenchymal transition and dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. Targeting serum response factor by small-molecule inhibitor may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for diabetic nephropathy.
Common fixed point theorems for Geraghty’s type contraction mappings using the monotone property with two metrics
Authors: Martínez-Moreno Juan , Sintunavarat Wutiphol , Cho Yeol Je 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to obtain some new common fixed point theorems for Geraghty’s type contraction mappings using the monotone property with two metrics and to give some examples to illustrate the main results. Further, by using our main results, we prove some results about multidimensional common fixed points. Our results generalize and extend some recent results given by Kadelburg et al. (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2015:27, 2015) and Choudhurya and Kundu (J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl. 5:259-270, 2012).