bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How I treat relapsed myeloma
Authors: Bladé Joan , Rosiñol Laura , Fernández de Larrea Carlos 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy leading to significant life-expectancy shortening. Although the incorporation of the novel agents thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide in the front-line therapy has resulted in significant improvement, almost all patients relapse, making the treatment of relapse a real challenge. In the present article, when and how to treat relapsed MM is discussed. Treatment can be safely delayed in a subset of patients with asymptomatic relapse, whereas those with symptomatic relapse, advanced disease at diagnosis, or significant paraproteinemic increase require prompt rescue therapy. The benefit of retreatment and the use of a sequential approach for successive relapses considering drug synergism are highlighted. For patients with aggressive relapses and for those who have exhausted all available options, continued therapy until disease progression is recommended, particularly when using regimens with a long-term safety profile. Patients with a duration response to a first autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) longer than 2 years may benefit from a second ASCT. Patients with aggressive disease and/or poor cytogenetics at diagnosis relapsing within the first 2 years from ASCT should be considered for an allogeneic transplantation. Finally, a number of newer promising drugs are being actively investigated and the enrolment of patients in clinical trials is encouraged.
Activated factor XI increases the procoagulant activity of the extrinsic pathway by inactivating tissue factor pathway inhibitor
Authors: Puy Cristina , Tucker Erik I. , Matafonov Anton , Cheng Qiufang , Zientek Keith D. , Gailani Dave , Gruber András , McCarty Owen J. T. 
Published: January 2015

Key PointsActivated factor XI binds and proteolyzes tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Activated factor XI promotes factor X activation generation and fibrin formation through the inactivation of tissue factor pathway inhibitor from platelets and on endothelial cells.
Long-term donepezil use for dementia with Lewy bodies: results from an open-label extension of Phase III trial
Authors: Mori Etsuro , Ikeda Manabu , Nagai Reiko , Matsuo Kazutaka , Nakagawa Masaki , Kosaka Kenji 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The long-term efficacy and safety of donepezil 10 mg in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) were investigated in a 52-week Phase 3 trial.

Methods
This 52-week study consisted of 16-week randomized placebo-controlled (RCT) and 36-week open-label extension phases. Of 142 DLB patients enrolled in the RCT phase (three arms: placebo, 5 mg, and 10 mg), 110 entered the extension phase. The placebo group of the RCT phase initiated active treatment at week 16, and the active groups maintained allocated treatment and dosages until week 24. After week 24, all patients received 10 mg. Dose reduction to 5 mg for safety concerns was allowed. Efficacy measures included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for cognitive function and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) for behavioral symptoms. Safety evaluations included adverse events (AEs) and the unified Parkinson disease rating scale.

Results
In total, 100 subjects completed the study. Cognitive function improvement was sustained for 52 weeks (MMSE at week 52 in 10 mg: 2.8 ± 3.5 (mean ± standard deviation); P <0.001, Student paired t test)). Those who received placebo in the RCT phase showed an improvement after starting active treatment. NPI improved in all the groups throughout the study, including the placebo period. In the subgroup of the 5 mg group without remarkable cognitive or behavioral improvement at week 24, further improvement was observed after a dose increase to 10 mg. After week 24, 21 patients experienced dose reduction. The incidence of any AEs did not increase over time.

Conclusions
The long-term administration of donepezil at 10 mg/day improved cognitive function for up to 52 weeks in patients with DLB without increasing the risk of clinically significant safety events.

Trial registration
NCT01278407. Trial registration date: January 14, 2011.
The monoaminergic footprint of depression and psychosis in dementia with Lewy bodies compared to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Vermeiren Yannick , Van Dam Debby , Aerts Tony , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Martin Jean-Jacques , De Deyn Peter P 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Depression and psychosis are two of the most severe neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Both NPS have negative effects on cognitive performance and life expectancy. The current study aimed to investigate and compare monoaminergic etiologies between both neurodegenerative conditions, given the lack of an efficient pharmacological treatment until present.

Methods
Eleven behaviorally relevant brain regions of the left frozen hemisphere of 10 neuropathologically confirmed AD patients with/without depression (AD + D/-D; 5 were psychotic within AD + D), 10 confirmed DLB patients, all of whom were depressed (DLB + D; 5 psychotic patients), and, finally, 10 confirmed control subjects were regionally dissected. All patients were retrospectively assessed before death using the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease Rating Scale (Behave-AD) and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia amongst others. The concentrations of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), (nor)adrenaline and respective metabolites, i.e. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), were determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

Results
DLB subjects had the overall lowest monoamine and metabolite concentrations regarding 33 out of 41 significant monoaminergic group alterations. Moreover, MHPG levels were significantly decreased in almost 8 out of 11 brain regions of DLB- compared to AD patients. We also observed the lowest 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels, and 5-HIAA/5-HT turnover ratios in DLB + D compared to AD + D subjects. Additionally, a 4- and 7-fold increase of DOPAC/DA and HVA/DA turnover ratios, and, a 10-fold decrease of thalamic DA levels in DLB + D compared to AD + D patients and control subjects was noticed. Regarding psychosis, hippocampal DA levels in the overall DLB group significantly correlated with Behave-AD AB scores. In the total AD group, DA levels and HVA/DA ratios in the amygdala significantly correlated with Behave-AD AB scores instead.

Conclusions
Monoaminergic neurotransmitter alterations contribute differently to the pathophysiology of depression and psychosis in DLB as opposed to AD, with a severely decreased serotonergic neurotransmission as the main monoaminergic etiology of depression in DLB. Similarly, psychosis in DLB might, in part, be etiologically explained by dopaminergic alterations in the hippocampus, whereas in AD, the amygdala might be involved.
Linear complementarity problem: A novel approach to design finite-impulse response wavefield extrapolation filters
Authors: Naseer Muhammad Muzammal , Mousa Wail A. 
Published: January 2015

In this paper, the problem of complex valued finite impulse response (FIR) wavefield extrapolation filter design was considered as a linear complementarity problem (LCP). LCP is not an optimization technique because there is no objective function to optimize; however, quadratic programming, one of the applications of LCP, can be used to find an optimal solution for the 1D FIR wavefield extrapolation filter. Quadratic programs are an extremely important source of applications of LCP; in fact, several algorithms for quadratic programs are based on LCP. We found that FIR wavefield extrapolation filter design problem can be written as a quadratic program and then, finally, to an equivalent LCP. There are two families of algorithms available to solve for LCP: (1) direct (pivoting-based) algorithms and (2) indirect (iterative) algorithms. In this study, the LCP has been solved using direct and indirect algorithms. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, the SEG/EAGE salt velocity model data have been extrapolated via wavefield extrapolation FIR filters designed by our LCP approach, which resulted with practically stable seismic images.
Pitfalls in structural seismic interpretation due to subsalt multiples
Authors: Abriel William L. 
Published: January 2015

A false structural interpretation can result from mapping coherent seismic events that are not primary reflections, but instead are multiples. It is well understood that mapping seismic events for structure is a process of tracking strong, coherent, and continuous seismic events. However, this is not a sufficient procedure for structural seismic interpretation because there can be significant coherent noise including converted waves, head waves, and multiples. These can appear strong, coherent, and continuous and so can be confused for true primaries as well as produce erroneous structural results. Subsalt multiples are an especially prevalent danger because the salt-sediment impedance contrast causes many unwanted reverberations. The pitfall of falsely mapping multiples as true structural events can be avoided using the following procedures: (1) understanding if the mapped events are structurally reasonable, (2) reviewing the geometry of stacked unmigrated time seismic sections, and (3) investigating the moveout of migrated prestack gathers.
Extremal cross-polytopes and Gaussian vectors
Authors: Ambrus Gergely 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
For n ≥ 1, let ξ1, ..., ξn be independent, identically distributed standard normal variables. Among nonnegative real vectors u = (u1, . . . , un) of Euclidean norm 1, the quantity E∥(u1ξ1,..., unξn∥∞ is maximised when u has at most two non-zero entries, and it is minimised when u is proportional to (1,...,1). Further generalisations of this result are also discussed. As a corollary, a lower bound on the mean width of a general convex body K is derived in terms of the successive inner radii of K.
Combined indicator of vitamin B12 status: modification for missing biomarkers and folate status and recommendations for revised cut-points
Authors: Fedosov Sergey N. , Brito Alex , Miller Joshua W. , Green Ralph , Allen Lindsay H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA novel approach to determine vitamin BWe used a database with all four markers (n=5211) plus folate measurements (n=972). A biomarkerThe predictive functionsWe provide equations that combine two, three or four biomarkers into one diagnostic indicator, thereby rescaling unmatched data into the same coordinate system. Adjustment of this indicator is required if serum folate is <10 nmol/L and tHcy is measured. Revised cut-points and guidelines for using this approach are provided.
Effects of Yttrium Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ80–2Sn Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Xue Hansong , Yang Gang , Li Di , Xing Zhihui , Pan Fusheng 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The effects of Y on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast AZ80–2Sn magnesium alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Y addition not only changes the as-cast microstructure but also influences the mechanical properties of AZ80–2Sn alloy. Unmodified AZ80–2Sn alloys under casting state show that Mg17Al12 eutectic phase is semicontinuous and reticulated shape and distributes mainly at grain boundaries. Moreover, there are numerous Mg2Sn precipitate particles dispersing in Mg17Al12 eutectic phases. Y addition to as-cast AZ80–2Sn alloys has an important influence on the precipitation phase. But there has no obvious effect on grain refinement with Y addition. The results show that the AZ80–2Sn alloys with variable Y contents all contain Al2Y phase. By adding Y, the amount of Mg17Al12 is decreased and the dimension of that is reduced. Mg17Al12 eutectic phase turns to discontinuous, and the more disperse phases occur with the increase of Y content. The tensile tests indicate that a minor addition of Y can contribute to the formation of the dispersed small polygonal Al2Y particles and the improvement in the room-temperature strength. However, excessive Y addition leads to the coarsening of Al2Y phases, and thus results in the decline of strength and ductility.
Effect of Ga Addition on Morphology and Recovery of Primary Si During Al–Si Alloy Solidification Refining
Authors: Li Jingwei , Bai Xiaolong , Li Yanlei , Ban Boyuan , Chen Jian 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The effect of Ga addition on alloy macrostructure, morphology and recovery rate of primary Si during the Al–Si–Ga alloy solvent refining process of silicon was studied in this work. The addition of Ga to Al–Si alloy could change the morphology of the primary Si. The average plate thickness of the primary Si increases with increase of Ga content. With the increase of Ga content, the average plate length of the primary Si crystals becomes larger when the Ga content is less than 5% in the Al–30%Si–xGa alloy, but becomes smaller when the Ga content exceeds 5%. Al–Si–Ga alloys consist of three types, primary Si, Ga
x
Al1–x
, (α-Al+Si+β-Ga) eutectic. (111) is the preferred growth surface of the plate-like primary Si. The recovery rate of the primary Si increases with the increase of Ga content. When the Ga content increased to 20% in Al–30%Si–xGa alloy, the relative recovery rate of the primary Si increased to 50.41% than that in Al–30%Si alloy.
Clinical chorioamnionitis at term I: microbiology of the amniotic cavity using cultivation and molecular techniques
Authors: Romero Roberto , Miranda Jezid , Kusanovic Juan P. , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Chaemsaithong Piya , Martinez Alicia , Gotsch Francesca , Dong Zhong , Ahmed Ahmed I. , Shaman Majid , Lannaman Kia , Yoon Bo Hyun , Hassan Sonia S. , Kim Chong J. , Korzeniewski Steven J. , Yeo Lami , Kim Yeon Mee 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the amniotic fluid (AF) microbiology of patients with the diagnosis of clinical chorioamnionitis at term using both cultivation and molecular techniques; and 2) to examine the relationship between intra-amniotic inflammation with and without microorganisms and placental lesions consistent with acute AF infection.The AF samples obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis from 46 women with clinical signs of chorioamnionitis at term were analyzed using cultivation techniques (for aerobic and anerobic bacteria as well as genital mycoplasmas) and broad-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS). The frequency of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC), intra-amniotic inflammation [defined as an AF interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentration ≥2.6 ng/mL], and placental lesions consistent with acute AF infection (acute histologic chorioamnionitis and/or acute funisitis) were examined according to the results of AF cultivation and PCR/ESI-MS as well as AF IL-6 concentrations.1) Culture identified bacteria in AF from 46% (21/46) of the participants, whereas PCR/ESI-MS was positive for microorganisms in 59% (27/46) – combining these two tests, microorganisms were detected in 61% (28/46) of patients with clinical chorioamnionitis at term. Eight patients had discordant test results; one had a positive culture and negative PCR/ESI-MS result, whereas seven patients had positive PCR/ESI-MS results and negative cultures. 2)Microorganisms in the AF were identified in 61% of patients with clinical chorioamnionitis at term; 54% had microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation, whereas 24% had intra-amniotic inflammation without detectable microorganisms.
Study of Mexican Colonial Mural Paintings: An In-situ Non-Invasive Approach
Authors: Ruvalcaba-Sil José Luis , Wong-Rueda Malinalli , Garcia-Bucio Maria Angelica , Casanova-Gonzalez Edgar , Manrique-Ortega Mayra Dafne , Aguilar-Melo Valentina , Claes Pieterjan , Aguilar-Tellez Dulce Maria 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTColonial mural painting developed in Mexico in XVI century after the conquest of the pre-Hispanic cultures following the evangelization process little information exists about the chronology of the paintings and workshops, the painters, the pictorial techniques or the materiality of this art work.In this work, we present the non-invasive methodology of study of the pigments and other components of nine mural paintings in three colonial Augustinian ex-convents located in Epazoyucan, Actopan and Ixmiquilpan, in the state of Hidalgo, central Mexico. These places were selected not only because of the inherent value and iconographic characteristics of the paintings, which date to the XVI and XVII century, but also because they are in the same region and are well preserved and in good condition. Then it is possible to compare their materiality and get new information to answer to some of questions related to these paintings.X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy were conducted using portable equipment on scaffolds after a global examination under ultraviolet light. We were able to distinguish between different pigments used for different colors such as vermillion, orpiment, and a copper pigment, for the bright red, gold yellow, and green, respectively. These pigments are characteristic of the known Mexican Colonial color palette. Apart from this, we also found the presence of indigo in the blues, minium, and cochineal. A first comparison among the mural paintings of the three sites indicates different palettes and painting periods.
Design and Operating Features of the SEDCO 135-F Floating Drilling Vessel
Authors: Pounds W.G. , Zaruby W.S. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper describes the design of one of the largest semi-submersible drilling vessels ever constructed. The arrangement and operating features of the drilling machinery and auxiliary underwater drilling equipment are also reviewed. The SEDCO 135-F is presently under construction at Victoria Machinery Depot in Victoria, B.C. Sister vessels have been completed and are in operation in the Gulf of Mexico, off Borneo, in the North Sea and off Nigeria.
The physical layout of the vessel is presented in terms of its unusual shape, size and arrangement of equipment and accommodations. The diesel-electric power plant provides D.C. power for the heavy machinery and A.C. power for miscellaneous ship service. Electrically driven deep-well pumps are used to deballast the vessel and to move water and fuel from the lower compartments to the operating deck level. Other mechanical features include three large cranes, pneumatic storage tanks and other special equipment required to handle the underwater drilling equipment.
Due to the severe oceanographic conditions off the west coast of Canada, a special mooring system was designed to secure the rig under adverse conditions. The design criteria, hardware and operation of this system are reviewed.
The vessel will be equipped with specialized underwater equipment to enable it to drill exploratory wells in water depths of up to 800 feet. The hydraulically operated well control equipment is situated on the ocean floor during normal operations. This "diverless" equipment is described, along with its handling and operating procedures.
The Relationship of the Westerose D-3 Pool to Other Pools on the Common Aquifer
Authors: Hnatiuk John , Martinelli J.W. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A study of a 70-mile chain of prolific Leduc D-3 reef pools situated on a common aquifer is presented. The primary objective of the study was the prediction of the future performance of the centrally located Westerose D-3 Pool, as influenced by other pools in the trend. A two-dimensional mathematical model of the Acheson-Homeglen Rimbey Leduc D-3 reef chain was developed. Values of resistance and capacitance, characterizing reservoir parameters, were assigned to the grid points in the reservoir simulator. These were adjusted until a satisfactory match with twenty years of performance history was obtained. The future pressure performance and water influx or efflux under many combinations of producing rates were predicted for a ten-year period. The study indicated unusual trends in pressure and water influx behaviour resulting from interference effects. Further movement of Westerose oil into the underlying aquifer was predicted with continued injection of produced solution gas. These results were instrumental in the recent termination of gas injection into the Westerose D-3 Pool. The study also predicted the withdrawal rates necessary from the Westerose D-3 Pool to maintain the oil-water interface at its current position and to control its further movement.
Carbonate Scale Formation on Steel Surfaces
Authors: Diebes E.F. , Jessen F.W. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This study was concerned with scale deposition on heated steel disks under controlled laboratory conditions. Produced brines from fields in South and West Texas were used as the scaling solutions. These brines exhibited a wide range of salt concentration. A laboratory testing apparatus was developed. The main feature of the new apparatus is its ability to measure the skin temperature (i.e., the temperature at the brine-steel interface). A series of tests were made covering a temperature range of from 120 to 190°F. This temperature range represents a variety of field conditions, from surface to downhole. A quantitative measurement of calcium carbonate deposition vs temperature was obtained. Thirteen selected chemicals were tested for possible use as scale inhibitors. The selection was based on the properties that might affect scale deposition, such as dispersion, sequestration, interionic action, film formation ... etc. The inhibition of scale by the various chemicals used was found to vary considerably. Film-forming compounds in the presence of crude oil proved highly effective. The nature of the scale crystals and the influence of the additives on crystal habit modification was studied through microscopic examination and photomicrographs. X-ray studies were used to indicate the chemical nature of the scale. The experimental procedure and conditions under which scale is deposited were found to be of great importance. In view of the encouraging results, the field application of film-forming compounds as scale inhibitors is highly recommended.
A Computer-Oriented Method of Pressure Build-Up Analysis
Authors: Knutson G.C. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A method of estimating reservoir pressure from pressure build-up information has been developed which utilizes a mathematical analysis of the measured pressures to determine that portion of the pressure build-up history to be employed in the bottom-hole pressure extrapolation. The reservoir pressure is then determined by a linear regression analysis of those data to be included. As only the shut-in time and the measured pressures are required, the results do not depend on correct estimates of additional reservoir factors. The method does, however, yield information on the basis of which estimates of reservoir transmissibility can be made. The method can best be employed utilizing a digital computer because of the large number of calculations required. The technique is particularly useful in the routine analysis of pressure build-up information, because the calculations can be carried out with a minimum of engineering time.