bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural History of Glomus Jugulare: A Review of 16 Tumors Managed with Primary Observation
Authors: Carlson Matthew L. , Sweeney Alex D. , Wanna George B. , Netterville James L. , Haynes David S. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo characterize clinical disease progression and radiologic growth in a series of observed, previously untreated, glomus jugulare tumors (GJT).Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingTertiary neurotologic referral center.Subjects and MethodsAll patients with primary GJTs that were observed without intervention for a minimum of 2 years. Primary outcome measures included progression of cranial neuropathy and/or radiologic growth.ResultsA total of 15 patients (80% female; median age, 69.6 years) with 16 GJTs met inclusion criteria. The most common indications for observation included advanced age (11; 73%) and patient preference (11; 73%). Cranial nerve function remained stable in most subjects over a median clinical follow‐up period of 86.4 months. Among the 12 with serial imaging, 5 (42%) GJTs demonstrated radiologic growth, while 7 (58%) remained stable. The median growth rate of the 5 enlarging tumors using the maximum linear dimension was 0.8 mm/y (range, 0.6‐1.6 mm/y) or 0.4 cm3/y (0.1‐0.9 cm3/y) using volumetric analysis. There were no deaths attributable to tumor progression or treatment.ConclusionIn an older subset of patients, we found that a significant number of GJTs do not grow after time of diagnosis and symptoms frequently remain stable for many years. Even with disease progression, most GJTs exhibit indolent growth with slowly progressive cranial neuropathy, affording satisfactory physiologic compensation in most patients. In the absence of brainstem compression or concern for malignancy, observation of GJTs is a viable initial management option for elderly patients.
Effect of Lower Extremity Fasciotomy Length on Intracompartmental Pressure in an Animal Model of Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Mathis James E. , Schwartz Brian E. , Lester Jonathan D. , Kim Walter J. , Watson Jonathan N. , Hutchinson Mark R. 
Published: November 2014

Background: There has been an increase in minimally invasive surgery for chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS), despite the potential for incomplete compartment release and iatrogenic injuries. To our knowledge, no study has examined the effect of the length of fascial release on compartment pressures. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to explain the high failure rate seen in fascial release for CECS by evaluating the effect of fasciotomy length on intracompartmental pressures. We hypothesized that complete fascial release would need to be performed to return pressures to baseline levels. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Five male swine (10 lower extremities) were anesthetized. A slit catheter, connected to a pressure monitor, was inserted into the anterior compartment and a solution containing 5% swine albumin was injected into the compartment until the compartment pressure was >25 mm Hg for 10 minutes. Pressures were measured at rest, after the injection, and after each 10% incremental fasciotomy release. Results: The mean resting intracompartmental pressure was 3.2 mm Hg (range, 0-6 mm Hg), which increased after the injection to a mean of 37 mm Hg (range, 26-67 mm Hg). After complete fasciotomy, the mean pressure was 1.1 mm Hg (range, 0-4 mm Hg). There was a strong negative correlation ( r = −0.693) between fasciotomy length and intracompartmental pressure. In 90% of the specimens, the pressures were <15 mm Hg after 80% fascial release, and after 90% release, all pressures were ≤8 mm Hg. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a strong correlation between fasciotomy length and a reduction in intracompartmental pressures in a swine model. Our study suggests that 90% fascial release may represent a possible watershed zone, returning the intracompartmental pressure to a value at or near baseline values. Clinical Relevance: The results suggest that even in cases with near complete fascial release, intracompartmental pressures may decrease enough to provide symptomatic relief and avoid possible iatrogenic injuries associated with percutaneous release. It is unknown whether the swine model may adequately translate to the clinical setting; thus, recommendations should be taken with caution, and future studies should be performed to examine the correlation in a human model.
Consequences of Tibial Tunnel Reaming on the Meniscal Roots During Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Cadaveric Model, Part 2
Authors: LaPrade Christopher M. , Smith Sean D. , Rasmussen Matthew T. , Hamming Mark G. , Wijdicks Coen A. , Engebretsen Lars , Feagin John A. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: November 2014

Background: Recent emphasis has turned to reconstructing the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) after injury. However, single-bundle PCL reconstruction of the anterolateral bundle may potentially injure the posterior meniscal roots. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine if posterior meniscal root injuries occurred because of tunnel reaming for single-bundle PCL reconstruction. It was hypothesized that tibial tunnel reaming within the anterolateral bundle footprint during PCL reconstruction would result in clinically significant decreases in posteromedial (PM) root attachment areas and in ultimate failure strength for the PM root. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Testing was performed on 12 matched pairs of human cadaveric knees. For each pair of knees, one knee was left intact, while the contralateral knee was prepared with a tibial tunnel placed 5 mm anterior to the center of the tibial PCL attachment and within the previously described footprint of the anterolateral bundle of the PCL for single-bundle PCL reconstruction. The attachment areas of the posterior meniscal roots were measured with a coordinate measuring device before and after PCL tunnel reaming. The posterior meniscal roots were then pulled to failure with a dynamic tensile testing machine. Results: There was a significant mean decrease in the attachment area of the PM root (%Δ, 28%; 95% CI, 16-40) after PCL tunnel reaming compared with the intact state ( P = .005). The mean ultimate failure strength of the native PM root (mean, 440 N; 95% CI, 347-534) was also significantly stronger (mean, 40%; 95% CI, 18-61; P = .005) than that of the PM root after PCL tunnel reaming (mean, 243 N; 95% CI, 176-309). No changes were found for the posterolateral (PL) root after PCL tunnel reaming. Conclusion: Tibial tunnel reaming for single-bundle PCL reconstruction in the anterolateral bundle footprint significantly reduced the ultimate failure strength and attachment area of the PM meniscal root. The attachment area and ultimate failure strength of the PL root were unaffected by tunnel reaming. Clinical Relevance: Tibial tunnels reamed in the footprint of the anterolateral bundle during single-bundle PCL reconstruction can cause iatrogenic damage to the PM meniscal root attachment. Thus, tibial tunnels should strive to be reamed in the center of the entire tibial PCL attachment site during PCL reconstruction.
Ankle Syndesmosis
Authors: Williams Brady T. , Ahrberg Annette B. , Goldsmith Mary T. , Campbell Kevin J. , Shirley Lauren , Wijdicks Coen A. , LaPrade Robert F. , Clanton Thomas O. 
Published: November 2014

Background: Syndesmosis sprains can contribute to chronic pain and instability, which are often indications for surgical intervention. The literature lacks sufficient objective data detailing the complex anatomy and localized osseous landmarks essential for current surgical techniques. Purpose: To qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the anatomy of the 3 syndesmotic ligaments with respect to surgically identifiable bony landmarks. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Sixteen ankle specimens were dissected to identify the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL), interosseous tibiofibular ligament (ITFL), and bony anatomy. Ligament lengths, footprints, and orientations were measured in reference to bony landmarks by use of an anatomically based coordinate system and a 3-dimensional coordinate measuring device. Results: The syndesmotic ligaments were identified in all specimens. The pyramidal-shaped ITFL was the broadest, originating from the distal interosseous membrane expansion, extending distally, and terminating 9.3 mm (95% CI, 8.3-10.2 mm) proximal to the central plafond. The tibial cartilage extended 3.6 mm (95% CI, 2.8-4.4 mm) above the plafond, a subset of which articulated directly with the fibular cartilage located 5.2 mm (95% CI, 4.6-5.8 mm) posterior to the anterolateral corner of the tibial plafond. The primary AITFL band(s) originated from the tibia 9.3 mm (95% CI, 8.6-10.0 mm) superior and medial to the anterolateral corner of the tibial plafond and inserted on the fibula 30.5 mm (95% CI, 28.5-32.4 mm) proximal and anterior to the inferior tip of the lateral malleolus. Superficial fibers of the PITFL originated along the distolateral border of the posterolateral tubercle of the tibia 8.0 mm (95% CI, 7.5-8.4 mm) proximal and medial to the posterolateral corner of the plafond and inserted along the medial border of the peroneal groove 26.3 mm (95% CI, 24.5-28.1 mm) superior and posterior to the inferior tip of the lateral malleolus. Conclusion: The qualitative and quantitative anatomy of the syndesmotic ligaments was reproducibly described and defined with respect to surgically identifiable bony prominences. Clinical Relevance: Data regarding anatomic attachment sites and distances to bony prominences can optimize current surgical fixation techniques, improve anatomic restoration, and reduce the risk of iatrogenic injury from malreduction or misplaced implants. Quantitative data also provide the consistency required for the development of anatomic reconstructions.
Establishing an international baseline for medication safety in oncology: Findings from the 2012 ISMP International Medication Safety Self Assessment® for Oncology
Authors: Greenall Julie , Shastay Ann , Vaida Allen J , U David , Johnson Philip E , O’Leary Joe , Chambers Carole 
Published: November 2014

Background In 2012, the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) and the Institute for Safe Medication Practices Canada (ISMP Canada) collaborated with an international panel of oncology practitioners to develop the ISMP International Medication Safety Self Assessment® for Oncology. This self-assessment was designed to assist oncology practitioners in hospitals, ambulatory care centers, and office practice settings throughout the world to evaluate safe practices related to medication use in the oncology setting and to identify opportunities for improvement. Instrument Design The self-assessment consists of 175 items organized into 10 key elements subdivided into 18 core characteristics of safe medication use. Assessment results were submitted via a secure online portal. The online program allows participants to print and graph their results and to compare their findings with those of similar organizations both nationally and internationally. Methods Complimentary access to the self-assessment was made available for a seven-month “snapshot” period in 2012. Results A total of 352 organizations from 13 countries submitted assessment results. Key opportunities for improvement were identified in five areas: implementation of the World Health Organization recommendations for management of vinCRIStine and other vinca alkaloids, safe management of oral chemotherapy, labeling of distal ends of intravenous tubing, implementation of technology-based safeguards, and patient education. Conclusions This international snapshot provides important data about the level of implementation of system-based safeguards in oncology practice, key improvement opportunities, and represents a baseline for future improvement efforts. A collaborative approach to identifying vulnerabilities and developing solutions for safe medication use in oncology will enhance the care of patients with cancer internationally.
Statins and Nitric Oxide Donors Affect Thrombospondin 1-Induced Chemotaxis
Authors: Seymour Keri , Stein Jeffrey , Han Xuan , Maier Kristopher G. , Gahtan Vivian 
Published: November 2014

Background: Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and intimal hyperplasia. Statins and nitric oxide (NO) donors decrease intimal hyperplasia. We previously showed that statins (long-term exposure) and NO donors inhibit TSP-1-induced VSMC chemotaxis. Hypotheses: (1) Pretreatment with short-term statin will inhibit TSP-1-induced VSMC chemotaxis and (2) NO donors will enhance statin inhibition of TSP-1-induced or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced VSMC chemotaxis. Methods: We examined these treatment effects on TSP-1-induced VSMC chemotaxis: (1) long-term (20 hours) versus short-term (20 minutes) pravastatin, (2) diethylenetriamine NONOate (DETA/NO) or S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in combination with pravastatin, and (3) comparison of TSP-1 to PDGF as a chemoattractant. Results: Pravastatin (long term or short term) inhibited TSP-1-induced chemotaxis. Diethylenetriamine NONOate and SNAP impeded statin inhibition of TSP-1-induced chemotaxis. Platelet-derived growth factor and TSP-1 had opposite effects on DETA/NO-pravastatin treatment. Conclusion: Short-term statin pretreatment inhibited TSP-1-induced VSMC chemotaxis, suggesting a pleiotropic effect. High-dose NO reversed statin inhibition of TSP-1-induced chemotaxis, suggesting NO and statin combination therapies warrant further study.
‘If you’re gonna die, you’re gonna die’: Young adults’ perceptions of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
Authors: Harden Jeni , Tonberg Anissa , Chin Richard F , McLellan Ailsa , Duncan Susan 
Published: November 2014

Objectives To explore the views and experiences of young adults with epilepsy on the risks associated with, and information giving in relation to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Methods In-depth interviews with 27 young adults (aged 18–29 years) with epilepsy. Results Participants reported everyday experiences of seeking to control the risk of seizure occurrence or injury from seizures. In contrast, SUDEP was reported in more fatalistic terms as a risk that was considered to be largely unpreventable. Participants stated that information on SUDEP should be given to those with epilepsy, in a consultation, at or soon after the diagnosis, though clinical judgement on patients’ readiness was considered important in timing decisions. Many had a limited, sometimes incorrect understanding of SUDEP, yet were satisfied with the information they had received. Very few engaged in independent information seeking on SUDEP, and many deliberately avoided searching for further information. Discussion Our findings suggest that SUDEP was bracketed off from other aspects of participants’ epilepsy, in terms of the meanings attributed to it, perceptions of risk status and ways of coping. SUDEP is a case through which to consider how people give meaning to information about risk of sudden death related to chronic conditions.
The effects of pre-operative intra-articular glenohumeral corticosteroid injection on infective complications after shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Rashid Abbas , Kalson Nick , Jiwa Natasha , Patel Amit , Irwin Andrew , Corner Tony 
Published: November 2014

Background Many shoulder surgeons use intra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACI) in shoulder osteoarthritis, with the caveat that it precludes arthroplasty for at least 6 months to 12 months because of the theoretical risk of infection. To our knowledge, there is nothing available in the literature to support this notion. Methods We undertook a retrospective, matched cohort study of all patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty in our unit between December 2010 and December 2013 aiming to assess whether pre-operative IACI had an impact on infective complications. Group I had received an IACI prior to their arthroplasty and Group II had not. A chi-squared analysis was performed ( p < 0.05). Results Group I comprised 23 patients with a mean age of 73 years (range 54 years to 90 years) had 23 shoulder arthroplasties and had mean follow-up of 16.6 months. Patients received an IACI approximately 11.4 months (range 2.5 months to 172.5 months) before their surgery. One patient developed a deep joint infection that warranted revision arthroplasty. Group II comprised 60 patients with a mean age of 75 years (range 34 years to 90 years) had 64 shoulder arthoplasties and a mean follow-up of 20.1 months. No patients developed infective complications ( p > 0.05), implying there was no statistically significant relationship between pre-operative IACI and infective complications. Conclusions We could not establish a causal link between IACI and infective complications after arthoplasty.
How Do Interventions That Exemplify the Joint Principles of the Patient Centered Medical Home Affect Hemoglobin A1C in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Morgan Toyosi O. , Everett Darcie L. , Dunlop Anne L. 
Published: November 2014

Objective: To review the impact of the Joint Principle of the Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) on hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) in primary care patients with diabetes. Methods: Systematic review of English articles using approximate terms for (1) the 7 principles of the PCMH, (2) primary care, and (3) HbA1C. We included experimental and observational studies. Three authors independently extracted data and obtained summary estimates for concepts with more than 2 high-quality studies. Results: Forty-three studies published between 1998 and 2012 met inclusion criteria, 33 randomized and 10 controlled before–after studies. A physician-directed medical practice (principle 2) lowered HbA1C values when utilizing nursing (mean difference [MD] −0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.43 to −0.28) or pharmacy care management (MD −0.76; 95% CI −0.93 to −0.59). Whole-person orientation (principle 3) also lowered HbA1C (MD −0.72, 95% CI −0.98 to −0.45). Studies of coordinated and integrated care (principle 4) and quality and safety interventions (principle 5) did not consistently lower HbA1C when reviewed in aggregate. We did not identify high-quality studies to make conclusions for personal physician (principle 1), enhanced access (principle 6), and payment (principle 7). Conclusion: Our review found individual interventions that reduced the HbA1C by up to 2.0% when they met the definitions set by of the Joint Principles of the PCMH. Two of the principles—physician-led team and whole-person orientation—consistently lowered the HbA1C. Other principles had limited data or made little to no impact. Based on current evidence, PCMH principles differentially influence the HbA1C, and there are opportunities for additional research.
Preclinical efficacy of MEK inhibition in Nras-mutant AML
Authors: Burgess Michael R. , Hwang Eugene , Firestone Ari J. , Huang Tannie , Xu Jin , Zuber Johannes , Bohin Natacha , Wen Tiffany , Kogan Scott C. , Haigis Kevin M. , Sampath Deepak , Lowe Scott , Shannon Kevin , Li Qing 
Published: November 2014

Key Points
N-Ras expression is essential for the proliferative advantage of acute myeloid leukemias with oncogenic NRAS/Nras mutations. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibition prolongs survival in Nras-mutant AML by reducing proliferation, but fails to undergo apoptosis.
Optimization of electric bicycle for youths with disabilities
Authors: Blumenstein Tobias , Zeitlmann Hilar , Alves-Pinto Ana , Turova Varvara , Lampe Renée 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Cerebral palsy is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and to maintain balance and posture. People with cerebral palsy have also perception and space orientation deficits so that special assistance devices should be developed to compensate these handicaps. The objective was to optimize an adapted electric bicycle (E-bike) for youths with neurodevelopmental disorders. An adapted E-bike was provided with ultrasonic sensors that measure distances to objects. If the distance to other objects reduces, an acoustic signal is sent. Additionally, a self-created force plate was fixed on the pedal to evaluate the muscle performances during biking. An experiment with the ultrasound warning system confirmed that acoustic feedback was helpful in avoiding obstacles. The measurement of the blood pressure, the heart frequency and the pedaling force during biking approved that the training condition of the test person can be registered and enables tuning the power of the electric motor to individual requirements. The results demonstrate that an adapted E-bike can be improved to provide better space orientation for people with perceptual disorders and to measure training conditions of patients. Moreover, these enable individual adjustment of the electric motor power to optimize comfort and therapy effect.
A genetic screen identifies Tor as an interactor of VAPB in a Drosophila model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Deivasigamani Senthilkumar , Verma Hemant Kumar , Ueda Ryu , Ratnaparkhi Anuradha , Ratnaparkhi Girish S. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective death of motor neurons. In 5–10% of the familial cases, the disease is inherited because of mutations. One such mutation, P56S, was identified in human VAPB that behaves in a dominant negative manner, sequestering wild type protein into cytoplasmic inclusions.
We have conducted a reverse genetic screen to identify interactors of Drosophila VAPB. We screened 2635 genes and identified 103 interactors, of which 45 were enhancers and 58 were suppressors of VAPB function. Interestingly, the screen identified known ALS loci – TBPH, alsin2 and SOD1. Also identified were genes involved in cellular energetics and homeostasis which were used to build a gene regulatory network of VAPB modifiers. One key modifier identified was Tor, whose knockdown reversed the large bouton phenotype associated with VAP(P58S) expression in neurons. A similar reversal was seen by over-expressing Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (Tsc1,2) that negatively regulates TOR signaling as also by reduction of S6K activity. In comparison, the small bouton phenotype associated with VAP(wt) expression was reversed with Tsc1 knock down as well as S6K-CA expression. Tor therefore interacts with both VAP(wt) and VAP(P58S), but in a contrasting manner. Reversal of VAP(P58S) bouton phenotypes in larvae fed with the TOR inhibitor Rapamycin suggests upregulation of TOR signaling in response to VAP(P58S) expression.
The VAPB network and further mechanistic understanding of interactions with key pathways, such as the TOR cassette, will pave the way for a better understanding of the mechanisms of onset and progression of motor neuron disease.