bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Catalytic Combustor for a Biomass Fueled Gas Turbine
Authors: Lebas Etienne , Martin Gérard Henri 
Published: August 2014

Combustion of biomass derived fuels often results in high emissions levels of pollutants such as NOx, CO and unburned hydrocarbons. In gas turbines, catalytic combustion of biofuels has the potential to reduce emissions of these undesired species. The ULECAT project (Ultra Low Emissions CATalytic combustor), European project led by IFP, initiated the development of an ultra-low emission gas turbine in the range of 1 to 5 MWe, able to run with both biomass derived gases and liquid fuels.
The first part of the project has been devoted to the definition of the system and the development of catalysts capable of burning both biomass derived fuels and Diesel fuel. It was mainly focused on high temperature catalyst durability and the reduction of NOx formation. This last point is of primary importance in biofuels combustion and certain catalysts have shown an important potential in reducing ammonia conversion into NOx in some operating conditions.
The pilot scale tests have proven the dual fuel operability. Numerical tools were developed and have been validated by pilot tests. They provided useful help in designing the catalytic section of the combustor.
An economical analysis of the system have shown the great potential of catalytic combustion in reducing the operating costs and investment compared to SCR or ammonia scrubbing.
Modelling the Transient Behaviour of Jet Engines
Authors: Peitsch Dieter 
Published: August 2014

Understanding the behaviour of turbomachinery components has rapidly improved during the last years. The focus has been set mainly on unsteady component characteristics such as compressor stall and combustion chamber flameout. However, modelling the whole engine during transient operation is still a major workpackage during the development process of modern jet engines.
The aim of transient modelling of jet engines is the prediction of the normal engine behaviour during changes of the powersetting, but also to prove engine safeness in abnormal operation, e.g. caused by failures of the control system. Various approaches are used depending on the application purpose. For the most accurate prediction, complex synthesis programs model each component separately and iterate to match the components against each other. For customer use as well as for evaluation whether the real control software in the Electronic Engine Controller operates satisfactorily, more simple programs are derived from this, which include the engine characteristics in a more general way. This gives a very robust tool for simulation of simple transient manoeuvres as well as e.g. flameout or starting predictions.
The paper will present the variety of approaches for modelling transient engine behaviour and will discuss the limitations of these. It will also include a description, how the control system of modern jet engines, the FADEC, is set up in these environments. This modelling is needed, if a realistic approach towards reliability of in service operation shall be performed. Synthesis results are given from the development process. The use of advanced modelling of the control system with dedicated tools to improve the capabilities of the whole system is highlighted. An example for this is included with regard to the scheduling of the handling bleed valve of the booster compressor. Finally, the paper will give an outlook on the future planning of the synthesis of transient engine operation within Rolls-Royce Deutschland GmbH (RRD).
Increased Customer Value and Reduced Cost of Aeropropulsion Testing Through Reengineering
Authors: Smith Virgil K. 
Published: August 2014

Despite shrinking research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E) budgets, development of advanced gas turbines and extension of service life on fielded engines continues today, with increased emphasis on decreasing life-cycle cost, shortening development cycles, and improving engine durability. Testing and evaluation (T&E) of these engines plays an important role in maturation of their technology, evaluation of proposed improvements, and, ultimately, system affordability and reliability. Reengineered T&E processes and tools which can deliver increased customer value at decreased cost and which can potentially reduce the system development cycle, the number of development or component improvement program (CIP) engines, the amount of flight testing, and the program risk, are in high demand.
This paper reports specific T&E examples of increasing customer value and decreased costs through
- Consolidation and streamlining of national T&E assets
- Integrated test and evaluation (IT&E) technology development, validation, and application
- Application of information technologies (IT) to routine engine RDT&E
These efforts involve integrated DoD Service planning and execution, application of integrated aeropropulsion ground testing, modeling and simulation, and flight testing (IT&E), and demonstrations of enhanced customer value. Applications to current system developments and component improvements are described.
Use of Unconventional Fuels in Gas Turbines
Authors: Mukherjee Dilip K. 
Published: August 2014

In several industrial processes, various hydrocarbons, such as low BTU blast furnace gas, syngas, Naphtha, heavy oil and condensate, are available as by-products or residues. Burning such unconventional fuels for combined cycle power generation can be attractive in certain countries due to their low prices or availability compared to natural gas or distillate.
In this paper, design and operating experience of combined cycle power plants burning such unconventional fuels, e.g. Bao Shan in China burning LBTU gas, GVK in India burning Naphtha and Api in Italy burning medium Btu gas from heavy oil (refinery bottom) gasification etc. are discussed. The high degree of manufacturers’ ability to develop such projects and design the required equipment — burners/combustors, CC power train and control systems — is illustrated. In addition, the development of Naphtha and condensate burner for GT13E2 is described in short.
Analysis of Complex Three-Dimensional Flow in a Three-Stage LP Turbine by Means of Transitional Navier-Stokes Simulation
Authors: Gier Jochen , Ardey Sabine , Heisler Adam 
Published: August 2014

The complex three-dimensional flow field in a highly loaded three-stage LPT is analysed on the basis of a steady three-dimensional flow simulation. The quality of the simulation concerning this configuration is demonstrated by means of a comparison with extensive experimental data gathered in a turbine test rig. For an accurate representation of the transitional character of the turbine flow a modified version of the Abu-Ghannam Shaw transition model is employed in the TRACE_S Navier-Stokes code in connection with a two-equation turbulence model.
The flow field of this highly loaded turbine is characterised by complex secondary flow pattern as well as local separation and reattachment zones. The need and applicability of transition modelling is demonstrated by a comparison with a fully turbulent calculation and experimental flow visualisation. The basic flow structure is described in terms of several characteristic quantities and discussed in detail. For further analysis variations of the point of operation and the geometry also based on experiments are included in this investigation.
Recent Prediagnostic Aspirin Use, Lymph Node Involvement, and 5-Year Mortality in Women with Stage I–III Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Barron Thomas I. , Flahavan Evelyn M. , Sharp Linda , Bennett Kathleen , Visvanathan Kala 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Lymph node–positive breast tumors are more likely to express COX2 than node-negative tumors. In preclinical studies, COX2 inhibition prevents breast tumor spread to lymph nodes. Therefore, we examined the association between recent (1 year) prediagnostic use of aspirin (COX1/COX2 inhibitor), lymph node involvement at breast cancer diagnosis, and breast cancer–specific mortality. Women with stage I–III breast cancer diagnosed from 2001 to 2006 (N = 2,796) were identified from Ireland's National Cancer Registry. These data were linked to prescription refill and mammographic screening databases. Relative risks (RR) were estimated for associations between prediagnostic aspirin use and lymph node–positive status at diagnosis. HRs were estimated for associations between pre- and postdiagnostic aspirin use and 5-year mortality, stratified by lymph node status. Women with prediagnostic aspirin use were statistically significantly less likely to present with a lymph node–positive tumor than nonusers [RR = 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81–0.97], particularly those with larger (Pinteraction = 0.036), progesterone receptor (PR)–negative (Pinteraction &lt; 0.001) or estrogen receptor (ER)–negative (Pinteraction = 0.056) tumors. The magnitude of this association increased with dose (Ptrend &lt; 0.01) and dosing intensity (Ptrend &lt; 0.001) and was similar in women with or without screen-detected tumors (Pinteraction = 0.70). Prediagnostic aspirin use was associated with lower 5-year breast cancer–specific mortality among women with lymph node–negative tumors (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92) but not node-positive tumors (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.37–1.22). Tests for effect-modification were, however, not statistically significant (Pinteraction = 0.087). Postdiagnostic aspirin use was not associated with breast cancer–specific mortality (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.68–1.45). Our findings indicate that recent prediagnostic aspirin use is protective against lymph node–positive breast cancer. This is a plausible explanation for reductions in breast cancer mortality reported in observational studies of aspirin use. Cancer Res; 74(15); 4065–77. ©2014 AACR.
Vitamin D in Blood and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Lessons from the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial and the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial
Authors: Schwartz Gary G. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The effects of blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) on the risk of total, low-, and high-grade prostate cancer were examined in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) and the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT). In the SELECT study, plasma 25-OHD levels were associated with a linear decrease in prostate cancer risk for high-grade cancers in African American men and an apparent “U”-shaped effect in other men. The “U-shaped” curve may reflect detection bias. In the PCPT study, in which detection bias was minimized, serum 25-OHD levels were associated with a linear decrease in the risk of high-grade prostate cancers. The results from these large prevention trials support the hypothesis that circulating levels of 25-OHD decrease the risk of clinically relevant prostate cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(8); 1447–9. ©2014 AACR.
Color-Coded Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Images Improve Inter-Rater Reliability of Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Signal Changes Within Acute Diffusion-Weighted Image Lesions
Authors: Kim Bum Joon , Kim Yong-Hwan , Kim Yeon-Jung , Ahn Sung Ho , Lee Deok Hee , Kwon Sun U. , Kim Sang Joon , Kim Jong S. , Kang Dong-Wha 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
Diffusion-weighted image fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch has been considered to represent ischemic lesion age. However, the inter-rater agreement of diffusion-weighted image FLAIR mismatch is low. We hypothesized that color-coded images would increase its inter-rater agreement.

Methods—
Patients with ischemic stroke <24 hours of a clear onset were retrospectively studied. FLAIR signal change was rated as negative, subtle, or obvious on conventional and color-coded FLAIR images based on visual inspection. Inter-rater agreement was evaluated using κ and percent agreement. The predictive value of diffusion-weighted image FLAIR mismatch for identification of patients <4.5 hours of symptom onset was evaluated.

Results—

One hundred and thirteen patients were enrolled. The inter-rater agreement of FLAIR signal change improved from 69.9% (
k
=0.538) with conventional images to 85.8% (
k
=0.754) with color-coded images (
P
=0.004). Discrepantly rated patients on conventional, but not on color-coded images, had a higher prevalence of cardioembolic stroke (
P
=0.02) and cortical infarction (
P
=0.04). The positive predictive value for patients <4.5 hours of onset was 85.3% and 71.9% with conventional and 95.7% and 82.1% with color-coded images, by each rater.

Conclusions—
Color-coded FLAIR images increased the inter-rater agreement of diffusion-weighted image FLAIR recovery mismatch and may ultimately help identify unknown-onset stroke patients appropriate for thrombolysis.
Characteristics of Intracerebral Hemorrhage During Rivaroxaban Treatment
Authors: Hagii Joji , Tomita Hirofumi , Metoki Norifumi , Saito Shin , Shiroto Hiroshi , Hitomi Hiroyasu , Kamada Takaatsu , Seino Satoshi , Takahashi Koki , Baba Yoshiko , Sasaki Satoko , Uchizawa Takamitsu , Iwata Manabu , Matsumoto Shigeo , Osanai Tomohiro , Yasujima Minoru , Okumura Ken 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
Neuroradiological characteristics and functional outcomes of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) during novel oral anticoagulant treatment were not well defined. We examined these in comparison with those during warfarin treatment.

Methods—
The consecutive 585 patients with ICH admitted from April 2011 through October 2013 were retrospectively studied. Of all, 5 patients (1%) had ICH during rivaroxaban treatment, 56 (10%) during warfarin, and the other 524 (89%) during no anticoagulants. We focused on ICH during rivaroxaban and warfarin treatments and compared the clinical characteristics, neuroradiological findings, and functional outcomes.

Results—

Patients in the rivaroxaban group were all at high risk for major bleeding with hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile international normalized ratio, elderly, drugs/alcohol concomitantly (HAS-BLED) score of 3 and higher rate of past history of ICH. Moreover, multiple cerebral microbleeds (≥4) were detected more frequently in rivaroxaban group than in warfarin (80% versus 29%;
P
=0.04). Hematoma volume in rivaroxaban group was markedly smaller than that in warfarin (median: 4 versus 11 mL;
P
=0.03). No patient in the rivaroxaban group had expansion of hematoma and surgical treatment. Rivaroxaban group showed lower modified Rankin Scale at discharge relative to warfarin, and the difference between modified Rankin Scale before admission and at discharge was smaller in rivaroxaban than in warfarin (median: 1 versus 3;
P
=0.047). No patient in the rivaroxaban group died during hospitalization, whereas 10 (18%) warfarin patients died.

Conclusions—
Rivaroxaban-associated ICH occurs in patients at high risk for major bleeding. However, they had a relatively small hematoma, no expansion of hematoma, and favorable functional and vital outcomes compared with warfarin-associated ICH.
First evidence of cynipids from the Oceanian Region: the description of Lithonecrus papuanus a new genus and species of cynipid inquiline from Papua New Guinea (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Synergini)
Authors: NIEVES-ALDREY J. l. , BUTTERILL P. T. 
Published: August 2014

Lithonecrus papuanus Nieves-Aldrey & Butterill, a new genus and species of inquiline oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini), is described from material reared from galls on Lithocarpus celebicus (Miq.) Rehd., collected in Papua New Guinea. The new genus and species is the first record of a cynipid from Papua New Guinea and the whole Oceanian biogeographic region, and represents the easternmost oriental record of a cynipid wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). The new genus is similar to Saphonecrus Dalla Torre & Kieffer, and to the recently described Lithosaphonecrus Tang, Melika & Bozsó, but differs from these genera in several important diagnostic characters. Taxonomic affinities and differences with related genera and species and biogeographical implications are discussed.
Adequacy of antenatal care and its relationship with low birth weight in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil: a case-control study
Authors: Branco da Fonseca Cátia Regina , Strufaldi Maria Wany Louzada , de Carvalho Lídia Raquel , Puccini Rosana Fiorini 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
Birth weight reflects gestational conditions and development during the fetal period. Low birth weight (LBW) may be associated with antenatal care (ANC) adequacy and quality. The purpose of this study was to analyze ANC adequacy and its relationship with LBW in the Unified Health System in Brazil.

Methods
A case-control study was conducted in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 2004 to 2008. Data were collected from secondary sources (the Live Birth Certificate), and primary sources (the official medical records of pregnant women). The study population consisted of two groups, each with 860 newborns. The case group comprised newborns weighing less than 2,500 grams, while the control group comprised live newborns weighing greater than or equal to 2,500 grams. Adequacy of ANC was evaluated according to three measurements: 1. Adequacy of the number of ANC visits adjusted to gestational age; 2. Modified Kessner Index; and 3. Adequacy of ANC laboratory studies and exams summary measure according to parameters defined by the Ministry of Health in the Program for Prenatal and Birth Care Humanization.

Results
Analyses revealed that LBW was associated with the number of ANC visits adjusted to gestational age (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.32-2.34) and the ANC laboratory studies and exams summary measure (OR = 4.13, 95% CI 1.36-12.51). According to the modified Kessner Index, 64.4% of antenatal visits in the LBW group were adequate, with no differences between groups.

Conclusions
Our data corroborate the association between inadequate number of ANC visits, laboratory studies and exams, and increased risk of LBW newborns. No association was found between the modified Kessner Index as a measure of adequacy of ANC and LBW. This finding reveals the low indices of coverage for basic actions already well regulated in the Health System in Brazil. Despite the association found in the study, we cannot conclude that LBW would be prevented only by an adequate ANC, as LBW is associated with factors of complex and multifactorial etiology. The results could be used to plan monitoring measures and evaluate programs of health care assistance during pregnancy, at delivery and to newborns, focusing on reduced LBW rates.
Can electronic monitoring (GPS ‘tracking’) enhance risk management in psychiatry?
Authors: Tully John , Hearn Dave , Fahy Thomas 
Published: August 2014

SummaryElectronic monitoring has been used in criminal justice and some health settings for three decades. Technological interventions are becoming more common in psychiatry, but may be a cause for ethical concerns and controversy. We discuss electronic monitoring as an aid to security and public safety in a forensic setting.
Cuencas transfronterizas y gestión del agua: Estados y actores sociales, entre conflictos y cooperación. Guest Editors: Edith Kauffer and Lucile Medina
Authors: Kauffer Edith 
Published: August 2014

This article explores the apparent paradox of the simultaneity of conflicts and cooperation in transboundary rivers basins in Central America and Southern Mexico. It documents diverse relationships among a plurality of local and national actors as well as reciprocal influences within decision-making processes in the context of events that have taken place in the Lempa and Usumacinta watersheds since 2010. A key point of this reflection is the passage from separate views of conflict and cooperation to the redefinition of a non-linear continuum based on different experiences in the field. Spanish
Este artículo explora la aparente paradoja entre la simultaneidad de los conflictos y la cooperación en las cuencas transfronterizas de América Central y del sur de México, para acciones posteriores al año 2010 a partir de los casos de los Ríos Lempa y Usumacinta. El texto documenta las diversas relaciones existentes entre una pluralidad de actores locales y nacionales, así como la presencia de influencias recíprocas dentro de los procesos de toma de decisiones. Uno de los elementos más importantes que permite esta reflexión es el tránsito de una visión separada sobre los conflictos y la cooperación a la redefinición de un continuum no linear fundamentado en las diversas experiencias de campo. French
Cet article propose d'explorer l'apparent paradoxe de la simultanéité des conflits et de la coopération dans les bassins d'Amérique Centrale et du sud du Mexique. Le texte documente les diverses relations entre une pluralité d'acteurs locaux et nationaux, ainsi que les influences réciproques existant dans les processus de prise de décision. La période considère des actions postérieures à 2010, à partir des cas des fleuves Lempa et Usumacinta. Un des éléments clés de cette réflexion est l'évolution d'une analyse qui a débuté dans une vision séparée des conflits et de la coopération à la redéfinition d'un continuum non linéaire basée sur diverses expériences de terrain.