bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROXIMAL SARTORIUS TENDON RUPTURE AS A CAUSE OF TRAUMATIC ANTERIOR HIP PAIN-A CASE REPORT OF A PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALLER
Authors: Kumar Bhavesh , Sirisena Dinesh , Rayner Mike 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundSartorius injuries are seldom mentioned in medical literature. Thus developing an evidence-based management plan for sartorius muscle and tendon injuries can be challenging. In this case a grade 3 tear of the proximal sartorius tendon was identified in a player following a high-velocity contact injury to the pelvis during a professional match.MethodsThe athlete was able to continue playing for a further 30 minutes following the injury, but ultimately increasing pain and restriction in hip movements forced him to limp off. Examination revealed localised swelling, bruising and tenderness at the site of contact to the left anterior-superior iliac spine (ASIS), and painful muscle contraction. This was managed to good effect as a presumed muscle contusion, but with recurrence of symptoms, further swelling, bruising and limping by half time in the subsequent match one week later. The presumed contusion was thought to have deteriorated forming a suspected 10cm muscle haematoma. The merits of blind and sonography-guided aspiration were considered, and the latter option was chosen.ResultsUltrasonography revealed soft tissue oedema and injury to the proximal sartorius tendon, and aspiration was therefore not attempted. A subsequent MRI scan demonstrated a grade 3 sartorius tendon tear at its insertion to the ASIS with 3cm separation. With no specific guidance available in the medical literature, consensus of opinion was to continue with conservative management. Rehabilitation methods were modified according to the new findings.Given importance of this player in the team and the next match being a cup final a week later, a pragmatic approach was taken to allowing him to play; he played effectively for one hour before he showed signs of limping.He went on to have three, weekly Prolotherapy injections into the site of the tear in order to facilitate healing in the off-season. Progressive rehabilitation of his thigh resulted in return to uninhibited play within six weeks.Discussion/ Conclusions▸The history and physical examination findings, as well as initial good response to conservative treatment of a presumed simple contusion provided our medical team false assurance and a small delay in the diagnosis of this rare injury.▸Attaining the exact diagnosis allowed a more hands-on and bespoke rehabilitation program, as well as informed decision-making as to suitability to play in a crucial match.▸The rarity of this injury and negligible functional deficit that results from a ruptured proximal sartorius tendon following good rehabilitation perhaps accounts for the paucity of medical literature available.▸We ask the audience to consider a sartorius tendon rupture in the differential diagnosis of acute anterior hip pain.
Increased homocysteine, homocysteine-thiolactone, protein homocysteinylation and oxidative stress in the circulation of patients with Eales’ disease
Authors: Bharathselvi Muthuvel , Biswas Jyothirmay , Selvi Radhakrishnan , Coral Karunakaran , Narayanasamy Angayarkanni , Ramakrishnan Sivaramakrishnan , Sulochana Konerirajapuram N 
Published: June 2013

Background Eales’ disease (ED) is an idiopathic retinal vascular disorder. It presents with inflammation and neovascularization in the retina. Adult men, aged between 15 and 40 years are more susceptible than women. Homocysteine has been implicated in other ocular diseases including age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and optic neuropathy. The present study investigates the role of homocysteine in ED. Methods Forty male subjects, 20 with ED and 20 healthy controls, were recruited to the study. Their blood samples were used to measure thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), homocysteine, homocysteine-thiolactone, extent of homocysteine conjugation with proteins and plasma copper concentration. Results In the ED group, plasma homocysteine (18.6 ± 1.77  µmol/L, P < 0.001) and homocysteine-thiolactone (45.3 ± 6.8 nmol/L, P < 0.0001) concentrations were significantly higher compared to homocysteine (11.2 ± 0.64  µmol/L) and homocysteine-thiolactone (7.1 ± 0.94 nmol/L) concentrations in control subjects. TBARS ( P < 0.011) and protein homocysteinylation ( P < 0.030) were higher in the ED group while GSH (5.9 ± 0.44  µmol/L, P < 0.01) and copper (6.6 ± 0.42  µmol/L, P < 0.001) were lower compared to GSH (8.1 ± 0.41  µmol/L) and copper (15.4 ± 0.73  µmol/L) concentrations in control subjects. Conclusions Increased homocysteine, and its metabolite thiolactone, is associated with the functional impairment of protein due to homocysteinylation in ED.
Primary care trust commissioning of varicose vein intervention – New guidance needed?
Authors: Griffin Kathryn Jane , Cousins Simon , Bailey Marc Aaron , Berridge David , Scott David Julian Ashbridge 
Published: June 2013

Objectives In light of evidence of national variability in service commissioning of varicose vein intervention, our aim was to evaluate the current state of primary care trust commissioning for all forms of varicose vein intervention in England. We also sought to clarify the extent to which access to endovenous and surgical varicose vein services is being restricted. Methods Under the Freedom of Information Act (2001), a structured email survey was sent to 108 primary care trusts in England. Trusts were asked how many elective endovenous laser therapy and open procedures were commissioned from 2008 to 2011 and they were asked to submit their commissioning policy for analysis. The ‘qualifying criteria’ expressed in each policy were analysed by theme and geographical region. Results Of 108 surveys, 95 (88%) were completed and returned. Of these, 91 (96%) stated that varicose vein interventions were actively commissioned. Eighty-eight (97%) of primary care trusts that commissioned varicose vein interventions stated that access was restricted. Qualifying criteria varied considerably between regions. Conclusions Access to varicose vein intervention appears to be restricted, with national variation in commissioning across England. This might have an impact on patient care and surgical training. We propose that a national decision be made about which varicose vein patients should be offered funding for treatment on the National Health Service.
Interprovincial Variation in Access to Publicly Funded Pharmaceuticals
Authors: MacDonald Kara , Potvin Ken 
Published: June 2013

Introduction: Government-funded drug programs provide prescription medications for many Canadian residents, including senior citizens and social assistance recipients. Pharmaceuticals available for beneficiaries are typically listed in federal, provincial, and territorial formularies. We analyzed six Canadian drug formularies (for the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Quebec) and report the extent of interprovincial variation in Canadians' access to publicly funded pharmaceuticals at the chemical subgroup (CSG) level of the World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (WHO ATC) classification system. Methods: A database profiling provincial formulary listings of CSGs was compiled to enable a cross-sectional analysis of drug benefits at a clinically meaningful level. The comprehensiveness of provincial drug reimbursement plans was evaluated in a quantitative comparison of CSGs. Therapeutic distribution of CSGs within anatomical main groups of the WHO ATC classification system was also investigated. Interprovincial formulary agreement of CSG listings (full, restricted, or not listed) was determined on the basis of kappa coefficients. Results: British Columbia and Nova Scotia provided residents with access to the greatest number of full-listing CSGs, 336 each. Manitoba had the fewest full-listing CSGs, 268. Kappa coefficients, representing agreement in provincial listing decisions, ranged from 0.23 (between British Columbia and Quebec) to 0.45 (between Alberta and Manitoba). All of these coefficients represent a fair-to-poor level of interprovincial agreement in CSG listing status. Conclusion: A large degree of variation is present in Canadian provincial drug formularies, even at the CSG level. This reflects differences in provincial listing decisions and has therapeutic implications for patients, in that there is differential access to entire categories of drug products across provincial drug plans.
Impact of Pharmacist Intervention on Osteoporosis Treatment after Fragility Fracture
Authors: Riley Karen , Martin Janet , Wazny Lori D. 
Published: June 2013

Objective and Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether increasing patient, nurse, and family physician awareness about osteoporosis had an effect on post-discharge initiation of osteoporosis treatment after fragility fracture. A recent study had found that less than 20% of patients with osteoporosis who were treated in hospital for bone fracture received subsequent investigation and treatment of their osteoporosis. Methods: The subjects consisted of a historical cohort of 33 patients and a prospective intervention group of 33 patients admitted to a community hospital with a diagnosis of fragility fracture. Data were analyzed for 28 patients in the historical control group and 27 patients in the intervention group. All patients in the latter group gave verbal consent to discuss risk factors and treatment options for osteoporosis. Subjects were included if they were at least 50 years of age and had been admitted to hospital because of hip, wrist, or ankle fracture. Patients were excluded if they had traumatic fractures or fractures related to cancer and if they had dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Patients in the intervention group received education from the pharmacist about osteoporosis. Patients in both groups received a follow-up phone assessment six months after the initial hospital admission. The main outcome measures were number of patients who received bone mineral density (BMD) tests and the number for whom osteoporosis treatment was initiated. Results: No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of the number of BMD tests ordered ( p = 0.49), however, significantly more patients in the pharmacist intervention group had started treatment for osteoporosis at six months after the fragility fracture ( p = 0.001). Conclusions: When pharmacists provided education about osteoporosis to patients and nurses and provided information about osteoporosis to family physicians, the proportion of patients receiving treatment for osteoporosis after a fragility fracture was significantly greater than when such information was not provided.
Community Pharmacists' Expectations of a Pharmacy Network: A Baseline Evaluation
Authors: MacDonald Don , Neville Doreen , Priddle Margot 
Published: June 2013

Background: The Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Health Information has been mandated to build a provincial Health Information Network (HIN). Phase I, Unique Personal Identifier/Client Registry, is complete. Phase II, the Newfoundland and Labrador Pharmacy Network (Pharmacy Network), will provide integration among community and institutional pharmacies, the Newfoundland and Labrador Prescription Drug Program, hospital emergency rooms, and physician offices. This study was carried out to determine community pharmacists' perceived value of a pharmacy network pre-implementation. Methods: A four-part questionnaire was designed using a literature review and a pilot study. In December 2002, questionnaires were mailed to all 435 community pharmacists in the province. Results: Overall, 90.3% of community pharmacists agreed that drug utilization review would be an important function of the Pharmacy Network. The perceived value of computerized physician order entry was high. Removing problems with illegible handwriting received the strongest support (97.2%). Payment for providing various levels of pharmaceutical care also received strong support. The perceived value of a pharmacy network differed among community pharmacists with respect to age, sex, education, years in practice, and place of business. Conclusions: The results contributed important baseline information about community pharmacists' expectations pre-implementation. They also provided benchmarks for future comparative studies that measure perceived value after implementation of the Pharmacy Network.
Stability of conditioned pain modulation in two musculoskeletal pain models: investigating the influence of shoulder pain intensity and gender
Authors: Valencia Carolina , Kindler Lindsay L , Fillingim Roger B , George Steven Z 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Several chronic pain populations have demonstrated decreased conditioned pain modulation (CPM). However there is still a need to investigate the stability of CPM paradigms before the measure can be recommended for implementation. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether shoulder pain intensity and gender influence CPM stability within and between sessions.

Methods
This study examined two different musculoskeletal pain models, clinical shoulder pain and an experimental model of shoulder pain induced with eccentric exercise in healthy participants. Patients in the clinical cohort (N = 134) were tested before surgery and reassessed 3 months post-surgery. The healthy cohort (N = 190) was examined before inducing pain at the shoulder, and 48 and 96 hours later.

Results
Our results provide evidence that 1) stability of inhibition is not related to changes in pain intensity, and 2) there are sex differences for CPM stability within and between days.

Conclusions
Fluctuation of pain intensity did not significantly influence CPM stability. Overall, the more stable situations for CPM were females from the clinical cohort and males from the healthy cohort.
Ontario primary care reform and quality improvement activities: an environmental scan
Authors: Sibbald Shannon L , McPherson Charmaine , Kothari Anita 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Quality improvement is attracting the attention of the primary health care system as a means by which to achieve higher quality patient care. Ontario, Canada has demonstrated leadership in terms of its improvement in healthcare, but the province lacks a structured framework by which it can consistently evaluate its quality improvement initiatives specific to the primary healthcare system. The intent of this research was to complete an environmental scan and capacity map of quality improvement activities being built in and by the primary healthcare sector (QI-PHC) in Ontario as a first step to developing a coordinated and sustainable framework of primary healthcare for the province.

Methods
Data were collected between January and July 2011 in collaboration with an advisory group of stakeholder representatives and quality improvement leaders in primary health care. Twenty participants were interviewed by telephone, followed by review of relevant websites and documents identified in the interviews. Data were systematically examined using Framework Analysis augmented by Prior’s approach to document analysis in an iterative process.

Results
The environmental scan identified many activities (n = 43) designed to strategically build QI-PHC capacity, identify promising QI-PHC practices and outcomes, scale up quality improvement-informed primary healthcare practice changes, and make quality improvement a core organizational strategy in health care delivery, which were grouped into clusters. Cluster 1 was composed of initiatives in the form of on-going programs that deliberately incorporated long-term quality improvement capacity building through province-wide reach. Cluster 2 represented activities that were time-limited (research, pilot, or demonstration projects) with the primary aim of research production. The activities of most primary health care practitioners, managers, stakeholder organizations and researchers involved in this scan demonstrated a shared vision of QI-PHC in Ontario. However, this vision was not necessarily collaboratively developed nor were activities necessarily strategically linked.

Conclusions
Within the scope of this research, the scan affirmed that there is currently no province-wide, integrated, and measured quality improvement program for the primary healthcare sector in Ontario. This could be improved by the development of a coordinated plan, an accompanying accountability framework, and an appropriate sustainable funding envelope for QI-PHC at the provincial level.
Sequential preoperative hepatic vein embolization after portal vein embolization for extended left hepatectomy in colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Munene Gitonga , Parker Robyn D , Larrigan John , Wong Jason , Sutherland Francis , Dixon Elijah 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The role of portal vein embolization to increase future liver remnant (FLR) is well-established in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. However, the role of hepatic vein embolization is unclear.

Case report
A patient with colorectal liver metastases received neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to attempted resection. At the time of resection his tumor appeared to invade the left and middle hepatic vein, requiring an extended left hepatectomy including segments five and eight. Post-operatively, he underwent sequential left portal vein embolization followed by left hepatic vein embolization and finally, middle hepatic vein embolization. Hepatic vein embolization was performed to increase the FLR as well as to allow collateral drainage of the FLR to develop. A left trisectionectomy was then performed and no evidence of postoperative liver congestion or morbidity was found.

Conclusion
Sequential portal vein embolization and hepatic vein embolization for extended left hepatectomy may be considered to increase FLR and may prevent right hepatic congestion after sacrificing the middle vein.
Nanopillar array with a λ/11 diameter fabricated by a kind of visible CW laser direct lithography system
Authors: Zhang Chen , Wang Kaige , Bai Jintao , Wang Shuang , Zhao Wei , Yang Fang , Gu Changzhi , Wang Guiren 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Nanoscale functional structures are indispensable elements in many fields of modern science. In this paper, nanopillar array with a pillar diameter far smaller than Abbe's diffraction limit is realized by a new kind of continuous wave (CW) laser direct lithography technology. With atomic force microscopy technology, the average diameter of nanopillars on thin OIR906 photoresist film is about 65 nm and the smallest diameter is 48 nm, which is about 1/11 of the incident laser wavelength. Also, the influences of coma and astigmatism effects to the shape and size of nanopillar are numerically simulated by utilizing vector integral. As far as we know, it is the first time that nanopillar array is implemented by a donut-shaped 532-nm visible CW laser. The study presents a new, simple, inexpensive, and effective approach for nanopillar/pore array fabrication.
Comprehensive genotyping of the USA national maize inbred seed bank
Authors: Romay Maria C , Millard Mark J , Glaubitz Jeffrey C , Peiffer Jason A , Swarts Kelly L , Casstevens Terry M , Elshire Robert J , Acharya Charlotte B , Mitchell Sharon E , Flint-Garcia Sherry A , McMullen Michael D , Holland James B , Buckler Edward S , Gardner Candice A 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Background
Genotyping by sequencing, a new low-cost, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to genotype 2,815 maize inbred accessions, preserved mostly at the National Plant Germplasm System in the USA. The collection includes inbred lines from breeding programs all over the world.

Results
The method produced 681,257 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers distributed across the entire genome, with the ability to detect rare alleles at high confidence levels. More than half of the SNPs in the collection are rare. Although most rare alleles have been incorporated into public temperate breeding programs, only a modest amount of the available diversity is present in the commercial germplasm. Analysis of genetic distances shows population stratification, including a small number of large clusters centered on key lines. Nevertheless, an average fixation index of 0.06 indicates moderate differentiation between the three major maize subpopulations. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) decays very rapidly, but the extent of LD is highly dependent on the particular group of germplasm and region of the genome. The utility of these data for performing genome-wide association studies was tested with two simply inherited traits and one complex trait. We identified trait associations at SNPs very close to known candidate genes for kernel color, sweet corn, and flowering time; however, results suggest that more SNPs are needed to better explore the genetic architecture of complex traits.

Conclusions
The genotypic information described here allows this publicly available panel to be exploited by researchers facing the challenges of sustainable agriculture through better knowledge of the nature of genetic diversity.
A Historic Review on R&D of China’s FCC Riser Termination Device Technologies
Authors: Lu Chunxi , Zhang Yongmin , Shi Mingxian 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is a dominant refining conversion process in China’s most refineries. After decades of development, China has already become one of the major FCC technology licensors in the world. In this review, the research and development (R&D) activities on FCC riser termination device (RTD) technologies in China are reviewed and discussed. Emphasis is put on the R&D of a series of advanced RTD technologies led by China University of Petroleum, Beijing, which initiated in the early 1990s when more and more China’s FCC units chose to process more residue feedstock. Followed by the guideline of three “quick”s and two “high”s, two early types of RTD systems with coupled zones for gas–solids centrifugal separation and pre-stripping were developed and applied successfully in commercial units. Significantly reduced yields of coke and dry gas due to restrained post-riser reactions and satisfactory particle recovery efficiency were achieved. These were the fender-stripper cyclone and vortex quick separator systems designed for external- and internal-riser FCC units, respectively. Later, further improvement efforts led to the development of another two RTD systems, i.e. the circulating-stripper cyclone system for external-riser units and super vortex quick separator system for internal-riser units. By now, nearly 50 applications were commissioned with a sum FCC capacity of 40.0 Mton/a, nearly one-third of China’s total FCC processing capacity. Besides, other research efforts, such as the geometry optimization efforts on LD2 type separator, the studies on RTD for down-flow riser FCC units, and the idea of non-disengager FCC unit are also discussed in this review. To accommodate to degraded feedstock, more stringent environmental regulations and new FCC process technologies, future R&D efforts on RTD technologies should be put on improvements to further satisfy the three-“quick”s and two-“high”s requirements with changing FCC operating conditions and different process requirements.