bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Eu3+ → Eu2+ Energy Transfer in NIR Emitting CaO:Eu2+,Eu3+ LED Phosphor and its Implication for the Role of Eu3+ as a Killer Center for Long Wavelength Eu2+ Emission
Authors: van Aarle Casper , Ingham Robert , van der Heijden Clara , Budwilowitz Koray , Niehe Meesz , Dugulan Iulian , Hintzen Hubertus T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile Eu2+ → Eu3+ energy transfer is well known, in this study the energy transfer from Eu3+ to Eu2+ is reported for the first time. The predominant condition for Eu3+ → Eu2+ energy transfer is a Eu2+ 4f55d band at lower energy than the position of the Eu3+ 4f6[5D0] level, which is fulfilled in Eu‐doped CaO. X‐ray powder diffraction, Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy and optical absorption measurements are employed to determine the Eu3+ and Eu2+ concentrations in the prepared CaO:1at.%Eu samples. Synthesis in an H2/N2 atmosphere and addition of graphite powder as a reducing agent to the starting mixture are found to result in respective Eu3+ and Eu2+ concentrations of 0.6–0.7% and 0.3–0.4%. For this sample, the Eu3+ → Eu2+ energy transfer efficiency is estimated to be high (> 90%). This is explained by the high oscillator strength of the 4f7 → 4f65d excitation transition of the Eu2+ ion to which energy is transferred. As the Eu2+ 4f55d band lies below the Eu3+ 4f6[5D0] level, Eu3+ does not act as a killer center for the near‐infrared (NIR) Eu2+ emission at about 720 nm. Therefore, a full reduction of Eu3+ is not required to attain a high quantum efficiency. Implications of the demonstrated Eu3+ → Eu2+ energy transfer for application of long wavelength Eu2+ phosphors are discussed.
A Novel Ultra‐Thin and Smooth Sm:Ag Composite Electrode with High Visible Transmittance Enables Efficient Color‐Neutral Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Mengan , Wu Jiang , Tang Hao , Yi Xueting , Liu Zekun , Huang Minghui , Fu Yingying , Xie Zhiyuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTransparent top electrodes are crucial for enhancing the performance of semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs). The commonly evaporated ultra‐thin silver (Ag) electrode in ST‐OSCs suffers from limited transparency and conductivity due to its island‐like growth, posing a challenge in achieving desired conductivity and low optical loss. Here, a novel composite film is prepared by doping a small amount of samarium (Sm) into Ag during evaporation. The incorporation of Sm facilitates to form a continuous ultra‐thin Ag film by suppressing isolated island growth. A 15 nm Sm:Ag composite film with an optimized mass ratio of 1:30 exhibits a sheet resistance of 6 Ω □−1 and an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 66%, much better than 20 Ω □−1 and 43% of the pure Ag analogue. By employing the Sm:Ag electrode with an optical coupling layer, the ST‐OSCs demonstrate a power conversion efficiency of 10.89% and an AVT of 37.1%, resulting in a light utilization efficiency of 4.04%. Moreover, the resultant ST‐OSCs demonstrate superior color neutrality with a color rendering index of 91.9, representing one of the highest values among the ST‐OSCs with LUE exceeding 4% reported to date. This work provides a novel transparent top electrode with superior conductivity and transmittance for ST‐OSCs.
Fiber‐Integrated van der Waals Quantum Sensor with an Optimal Cavity Interface
Authors: Moon Jong Sung , Whitefield Benjamin , Spencer Lesley , Kianinia Mehran , Hennessey Madeline , Toth Milos , Jeon Woong Bae , Kim Je‐Hyung , Aharonovich Igor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntegrating quantum materials with fiber optics adds advanced functionalities to a variety of applications, and introduces fiber‐based quantum devices such as remote sensors capable of probing multiple physical parameters. However, achieving optimal integration between quantum materials and fibers is challenging, particularly due to difficulties in fabrication of quantum elements with suitable dimensions and an efficient photonic interface to a commercial optical fiber. Here a new modality for a fiber‐integrated van der Waals quantum sensor is demonstrated. A hole‐based circular Bragg grating cavity from hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is designed and fabricated, engineer optically active spin defects within the cavity, and integrate the cavity with an optical fiber using a deterministic pattern transfer technique. The fiber‐integrated hBN cavity enables efficient excitation and collection of optical signals from spin defects in hBN, thereby enabling all‐fiber integrated quantum sensors. Moreover, remote sensing of a ferromagnetic material and of arbitrary magnetic fields is demonstrated. All in all, the hybrid fiber‐based quantum sensing platform may pave the way to a new generation of robust, remote, multi‐functional quantum sensors.
Visible Light‐Driven Difluoroalkoxylation of Imidazopyridines Using N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide as Fluorinating Agent
Authors: Gadekar Amol B. , Sonam  , Shinde Vikki N. , Bhawani  , Rangan Krishnan , Kumar Anil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA visible‐light‐promoted site‐selective difluoroalkoxylation of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines has been achieved using N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as a fluorinating agent. This practical reaction has a wide range of substrate scope for both imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and alcohols to give 3,3‐difluoro‐2‐alkoxy‐2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines in 65–93% yields. The reaction proceeded at room temperature, showed high functional group tolerance, and was amenable to scale‐up. Based on mechanistic investigation, a radical pathway is proposed.
Visible‐Light Chiral Photonic Synapses Based on Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic 2D Perovskites
Authors: Hwang In‐Kook , Lee Min Gu , Jeon Jae Bum , Nam Sang Hyun , Lee Daseul , Lee Changhyeon , Kwon Junyoung , Im Sung‐Gap , Kim Young‐Hoon , Kim Kyung Min , Park Byong‐Guk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study presents visible‐light chiral photonic synaptic devices based on 2D chiral hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskites (HOIPs), composed of Si/SiO₂/chiral HOIPs/poly(methyl methacrylate)/pentacene/Au, designed for circularly polarized light (CPL)‐active peripheral nervous system (PNS) applications. In the heterostructure of 2D chiral HOIPs and pentacene, chiral HOIPs effectively distinguish the direction of CPL and the pentacene layer extracts photoinduced charge carriers to achieve synaptic properties, as confirmed by circular dichroism and photoluminescence analyses. The devices exhibit a photocurrent dissymmetry factor of up to 0.3 and a photoresponsivity of 130 mA W−1. Logic operations using a 3 × 4 pixel array of chiral HOIP‐based heterostructures are demonstrated, achieving pattern recognition based on the direction of CPL and pulse interval time. Notably, the efficiency to discriminate CPL direction increases with longer pulse intervals. This improvement enhances the learning capability by amplifying CPL direction discrimination ratios. Leveraging these properties, neural network simulations for neuromorphic applications are conducted, and artificial neural networks are trained for image recognition using the devices as CPL filters, achieving a 92% recognition accuracy. These results signify the beginning of chiral PNS devices communicating with visible CPL based on 2D chiral HOIPs.
A reinforcement learning approach with masked agents for chemical process flowsheet design
Authors: Reynoso‐Donzelli Simone , Ricardez‐Sandoval Luis Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study introduces two novel Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents for the design and optimization of chemical process flowsheets (CPFs): a discrete masked Proximal Policy Optimization (mPPO) and a hybrid masked Proximal Policy Optimization (mHPPO). The novelty of this work lies in the use of masking within the hybrid framework, i.e., the incorporation of expert input or design rules that allows the exclusion of actions from the agent's decision spectrum. This work distinguishes from others by seamlessly integrating masked agents with rigorous unit operations (UOs) models, that is, advanced thermodynamic and conservation balance equations, in its simulation environment to design and optimize CPF. The efficacy of these agents, along with performance comparisons, is evaluated through case studies, including one that employs a chemical engineering simulator such as ASPEN Plus®. The results of these case studies reveal learning on the part of the agents, that is, the agent is able to find viable flowsheet designs that meet the stipulated process flowsheet design requirements, for example, achieve a user‐defined product quality.
Community recruitment of underrepresented populations to the AHEAD 3‐45 preclinical AD trial using novel partnerships with nursing and community‐based organizations: Lessons and outcomes
Authors: Salazar Christian R. , Tallakson Melanie , Corona Maria G. , Duran Edwin , Russ Eunji , Hoang Dan , Romero Romina A. , Sultzer David L. , Grill Joshua D. , Shin Hye‐Won 
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affects minoritized populations who remain underrepresented in AD trials.METHODSWe partnered with local nursing community‐based organizations to implement a culturally tailored educational intervention and recruit Hispanic/Latino American, Filipino American, and Korean American adults aged 55 to 80 for the AHEAD study, a preclinical AD trial, at the University of California, Irvine.RESULTSWe engaged 654 individuals across 21 events, leading to 71 prescreenings: 21.1% Filipino, 11.2% Hispanic/Latino, and 67.6% Korean adults. Ineligibility due to age and language barriers was common among Hispanic/Latino and Korean adults, respectively. Filipino adults often withdrew interest or were lost to follow‐up. Ultimately, 25 participants enrolled: eight Filipino, two Hispanic/Latino, and 15 Korean adults. Tailored, culturally relevant content significantly contributed to the engagement success.DISCUSSIONThis study demonstrates the value and impact of novel partnerships with health‐related provider organizations that provide trusted care and access to underrepresented communities.Highlights
Six hundred and fifty four underrepresented individuals were reached, and 25 enrolled in the AHEAD 3‐45 trial.
Twenty‐one community events were held via partnerships with nursing and community organizations.
The study engaged 21% Filipino, 11% Hispanic/Latino, 68% Korean adults.
Community‐Based Participatory Research (CBPR) principles enhanced the recruitment process.
Transparent communication and joint planning were key.
Improved Energy Transfer in the Sensitization of Americium Enables Observation of Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Woods Joshua J. , Wacker Jennifer N. , Peterson Appie , Abergel Rebecca J. , Ung Gaël 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe first example of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from a molecular americium (Am) complex is reported. Coordination of Am(III) by a combination of thenoyltrifluoroacetonate and a chiral diphosphine oxide ligand yielded a complex with strong sensitized metal‐centered luminescence. The energy transfer process for sensitization appears to occur via a unique resonant pathway, which results in the removal of the overlap between ligand phosphorescence and sensitized Am luminescence that has often been observed. Owing to this feature, and despite the limited amount of material that could be used due to the radioactivity of 241Am, CPL could be measured. The collected luminescence and CPL spectra provide insight into the crystal field splitting of the 5D1→7F1 transition. These results pave the way for future studies of Am(III) luminescence to investigate electronic structure effects in this and other 5 f elements.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Sequential ortho‐C‐H Bond Annulation and Desulfonylation of 3‐Aryl‐2H‐benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxides: Access to 1‐Aminoisoquinolines
Authors: Ajay Chidrawar , Balasubramanian Sridhar , Subba Reddy Basi V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn efficient Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H functionalization of 3‐aryl‐2H‐benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine‐1,1‐dioxides with diaryl and dialkyl alkynes has been developed for the first time to the synthesis of 1‐aminoisoquinoline derivatives in a single step. This method involves through the formation of one C−C bond and one C−N bond followed by desulfonylation to generate a novel series of isoquinolines in good to excellent yields. This is a direct method to produce pharmaceutically more relevant scaffolds with a high functional diversity.
Detouring NSAID into Mitochondria to Induce Apoptosis in Cancer Cells
Authors: Mishra Tripti , Goswami Antara , Bajpai Aman , Basu Sudipta 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, impairing mitochondria in cancer cells gained attention as alternative cancer therapy. In this context, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory (NSAID) drugs are interesting candidates to damage mitochondria in cancer cells. However, routing NSAIDs specifically into the mitochondria remained a major challenge and less explored. Herein, we have synthesized a small library of Meclofenamic acid and Naproxen derivatives having ester and amide linkage with substituted triphenylphosphonium cations for mitochondria targeting. Screening in cervical cancer (HeLa), breast cancer (MCF7) and colon cancer (HCT‐116) cells revealed a Meclofenamic acid derivative having ester linkage with tri (4‐methoxyphenyl) phosphonium cation (8A3) which induced mitochondrial damage through mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) followed by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the HCT‐116 cells. This 8A3‐mediated mitochondrial impairment triggered apoptosis by inhibiting Cox‐2, reduction in Bcl‐2/Bcl‐xl expression and Caspase‐3/9 cleavage leading to remarkable HCT‐116 cell death. This novel mitochondrion targeted Meclofenamic acid derivative has the potential to be used as a chemical biology tool to understand the role of NSAIDs in mitochondria towards cancer therapy.
Model‐based event‐triggered leaderless consensus control for nonlinear pure‐feedback multi‐agent systems
Authors: Liu Ming‐Rui , Wu Li‐Bing , Chen Ming , Cui Guo‐Fei , Chen Qi 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThis article investigates a model‐based event‐triggered adaptive leaderless consensus control problem for one category of nonlinear pure‐feedback multi‐agent systems (MASs). The implicit function‐based median theorem for decoupling is applied to deal with the over‐fuzzy as well as feedback linearization issues. The feature extraction approach is introduced to solve the difficulty of unequal dimensionality of variables due to the inter‐agents information interaction. Then, by constructing the corresponding adaptive model and utilizing event‐based neural network (NN), a novel distributed design methodology for MAS‐based control input and agent weight‐based dynamic triggering threshold is presented. Through the impulse‐based Lyapunov theory analysis, the designed strategy not just guarantees the stability of the proposed system but then also ensures the boundedness of all signals within the closed‐loop system. Eventually, after verifying the absence of Zeno behavior and ensuring the achievement of the desired consensus tracking, the usefulness of the developed control scheme is justified by a numerical simulation instance.
GC‐MS‐employed Phytochemical Characterization and Anticancer, Antidiabetic, and Antioxidant Activity Screening of Lagerstroemia Thorelli
Authors: Akter Raushanara , Maknun Fariha Luluel , Halder Shimul , Sharmin Shahana , Sabet Taki Ehtesham , Kabir Lihu Imanul , Hamja Tipu Amir , Rubaiyat Muntasir Meem M. M. , Alam Ripa Farhana , Sharmin Sabrina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLagerstroemia thorelli (L. thorelli) is a member of the Lythraceae family and has not been previously researched. Thus, this study aimed to investigate its unexplored potential and identify novel therapeutic prospects. This research evaluated antioxidant, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic potentials along with compound characterization of the ethanolic leaf extract of L. thorelli. The antioxidant potential was assessed using 1, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assays, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) determination, antidiabetic property was assessed using α‐amylase inhibition, and the cytotoxic effect was examined on HeLa and Vero cells using MTT colorimetric assay. Chemical characterization was performed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The findings demonstrated strong antioxidant, strong antidiabetic, and moderate cytotoxic activities. Comprehensive phytochemical analysis revealed its abundance in flavonoids, phenols/phenolics, tannins, glycosides, steroids, resin, etc. GC‐MS analysis of the L. thorelli extract identified 80 important compounds including cis‐11‐eicosenamide, beta‐D‐glucopyranoside, methyl‐, alpha‐D‐glucopyranoside, methyl‐, phthalic acid, gamma‐sitosterol, phytol, silicic acid, squalene, butanoic acid, cyclobarbital, etc. which are well‐documented for their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. Thus, it can be inferred that L. thorelli could hold new promises in treating diseases like diabetes and free radical‐induced conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases.
Acyl‐CoA Synthetase Long‐Chain Isoenzymes in Kidney Diseases: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Mishra Swati , Shelke Vishwadeep , Gaikwad Anil Bhanudas 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTLong‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetases (ACSLs) are pivotal enzymes in fatty acid metabolism, essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and energy production. Recent research has uncovered their significant involvement in the pathophysiology of various kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). While ACSL1, ACSL3, ACSL4, and ACSL5 have been extensively studied for their roles in processes such as ferroptosis, lipid peroxidation, renal fibrosis, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and tumor progression, the role of ACSL6 in kidney diseases remain largely unexplored. Notably, these isoenzymes exhibit distinct functions in different kidney diseases. Therefore, to provide a comprehensive understanding of their involvement, this review highlights the molecular pathways influenced by ACSLs and their roles in modulating cell death, inflammation, and fibrosis during kidney disease progression. By examining these mechanisms in detail, this review underscores the potential of ACSLs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, advocating for further research to elucidate the precise roles of individual ACSL isoenzymes in kidney disease progression. Understanding these mechanisms opens new avenues for developing targeted interventions and improving therapeutic outcomes for patients with kidney diseases.
Spontaneous atraumatic rupture of the urinary bladder following alcohol intoxication: A rare case report
Authors: Devkota Shritik , Adhikari Sugat , Singh Manbir , Lamichhane Samiksha , Adhikari Dipendra , Koirala Bishal , Bhola Harsha 
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical MessageConsideration of spontaneous urinary bladder rupture in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain for alcohol‐abusing patients is crucial for ensuring timely surgical intervention and preventing life‐threatening complications due to its high associated morbidity and mortality.AbstractSpontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder (SRUB) is a rare but critical urological emergency, typically associated with malignancy, neurogenic dysfunction, or previous radiation therapy. Here, we present a unique case of SRUB in a 65‐year‐old chronic alcoholic male who presented with acute lower abdominal pain following heavy alcohol consumption. Initial evaluations revealed leukocytosis, elevated serum creatinine levels, and ultrasound findings suggestive of bladder rupture. Computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis, indicating an intraperitoneal rupture with associated hematoma. Immediate surgical repair was performed, leading to a successful outcome. This case underscores the importance of considering SRUB in patients with acute abdominal pain, especially in the context of alcohol intoxication, and highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with this condition. Early recognition and intervention are crucial to prevent life‐threatening complications associated with urinary bladder rupture.
Transformative weight loss with Dulaglutide: A case report of success in a challenging patient profile of an ex‐sumo wrestler
Authors: Bade Sohail , Bade Sahil , Sharma Grishma , Bhurtel Narayan , Singh Yadvinder , Paudel Sudip , Magar Frena Pulami , Chapagain Kshitij 
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical MessageDulaglutide is a relatively unpopular GLP‐1 receptor agonist used for weight loss. This case demonstrates that dulaglutide may be beneficial for weight loss in morbidly obese patients with multiple comorbidities after thoroughly evaluating its efficacy, benefits, and long‐term adverse effects through clinical trials.AbstractWe present a case of a 27‐year‐old ex‐sumo wrestler with bipolar II disorder, morbid obesity, hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM), and a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 49.66 kg/m2. He was non‐compliant with lifestyle modifications and resistant to conventional treatments, including metformin, and was also using multiple antipsychotic drugs. After introducing dulaglutide, he achieved a 40 kg (−21%) weight loss and a BMI reduction of 10.3 kg/m2 over 6 months, with no side effects and improved glycemic control, demonstrating dulaglutide's efficacy for weight loss in such challenging presentations.
Research Progress on Ni‐Based Electrocatalysts for the Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia
Authors: Zhen Zheng , Gao Xin , Chen Jiayi , Chen Ya , Chen Xiaodong , Cui Lifeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to synthesize ammonia (NH3) is considered as a promising method due to its approvable advantages of zero‐pollution emission, feasible reaction proceedings, good safety and easy management. The multiple efforts have been devoted to the exploration of earth‐abundant‐element‐based nanomaterials as high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for realizing their industrial applications. Among these, the Ni‐based nanomaterials is prioritized as an attractive non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts for catalyzing NRR because they are earth‐abundance and exceedingly easy to synthesize as well as also delivers the potential of high electrocatalytic activity and durability. In this review, after briefly elucidating the underlying mechanisms of NRR during the electrochemical process, we systematically sum up the recent research progress in representative Ni‐based electrocatalysts, including monometallic Ni‐based nanomaterials, bimetallic Ni‐based nanomaterials, polymetallic Ni‐based nanomaterials, etc. In particular, we discuss the effects of physicochemical properties, such as phases, crystallinity, morphology, composition, defects, heteroatom doping, and strain engineering, on the comprehensive performance of the abovementioned electrocatalysts, with the aim of establishing the nanostructure‐function relationships of the electrocatalysts. In addition, the promising directions of Ni‐based electrocatalysts for NRR are also pointed out and highlighted. The generic approach in this review may expand the frontiers of NRR and provides the inspiration for developing high‐efficiently Ni‐based electrocatalysts.