bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical and JIT Model‐Based Hybrid Modeling Approach for Building Thermal Load Prediction
Authors: Iino Yutaka , Murai Masahiko , Murayama Dai , Motoyama Ichiro 
Published: July 2013

SummaryEnergy conservation in building fields is a key issue from an environmental point of view as well as of the industrial, transportation, and residential fields. Half of the total energy consumption in a building is a result of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. In order to conserve energy in an HVAC system, a thermal load prediction model for a building is required. This paper proposes a hybrid modeling approach using a physical and just‐in‐time (JIT) model for the thermal load predictions for a building. The proposed method has features and benefits such as (1) it is applicable to cases in which past operating data for load prediction model learning are poor; (2) it has a self‐checking function, which determines if the data‐driven load prediction and the physical‐based one are consistent at all times, so that it can determine if something is wrong in the load prediction procedure; (3) it has the ability to adjust the load prediction in real time against a sudden change in the model parameters and environmental conditions. The proposed method is evaluated using real operating data from an existing building, and the improvement in load prediction performance is illustrated.
New Simple Torque‐Sensorless Torque Control for Quasi‐perfect Compensation of Sixth‐Harmonic Torque Ripple Due to Nonsinusoidal Distribution of Back EMF of PMSM
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji , Kishida Hideo 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThis paper proposes a new torque‐sensorless torque control method for permanent‐magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The proposed method can almost perfectly compensate the sixth harmonic torque ripple that is caused by nonsinusoidal distributions of the back electromagnetic force and the rotor magnetic flux of PMSMs. The torque control system is, in principle, constructed on the basis of vector control, but has two new, dedicated speed‐varying devices: a harmonic torque observer and a current controller. The speed‐varying harmonic torque observer can estimate the harmonic component over a wide range of speeds, even when the generated torque is constant, and produce a suitable compensation signal. The speed‐varying current controller shows stable control performance over a wide range of speeds; it can fully track the compensated current command containing the DC and sixth harmonic components. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined and verified through extensive numerical experiments.
Synthesis, Vaporization and Thermodynamic Properties of Superfine Nd2Hf2O7 and Gd2Hf2O7
Authors: Sevastyanov Vladimir G. , Simonenko Elizaveta P. , Simonenko Nikolay P. , Stolyarova Valentina L. , Lopatin Sergey I. , Kuznetsov Nikolay T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFinely dispersed powders of neodymium and gadolinium hafnates (Nd2Hf2O7 and Gd2Hf2O7) with pyrochlore structure were synthesized. Variations in particle size and morphology during thermal treatment under different conditions (1273–1673 K, 2–4 h) were studied for these compounds. The vaporization behavior of Nd2Hf2O7 and Gd2Hf2O7 was examined in the temperature range 2100–2750 K. In addition, the thermodynamic properties of Nd2Hf2O7 and Gd2Hf2O7 in the above‐mentioned temperature interval were determined by using high‐temperature mass spectrometry.
Manganese and Rhenium Formyl Complexes of Diphosphanylborane Ligands: Stabilization of the Formyl Unit from Intramolecular B–O Bond Formation
Authors: Jana Rajkumar , Chakraborty Subrata , Blacque Olivier , Berke Heinz 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSeveral manganese(I) and rhenium(I) carbonyl complexes of the chelating diphosphanylborane ligands Ph2PCH(PPh2)CH2B(C8H14) (1) and Ph2PCH2CH[B(C8H14)]PPh2 (2) were prepared to study Lewis acid assisted stoichiometric CO reductions. The phosphanylborane complexes fac,cis‐Mn(CO)3(1)(Br) (3a), fac,cis‐Re(CO)3(1)(Br) (4a), fac,cis‐Mn(CO)3(2)(Br) (5a), and fac,cis‐Re(CO)3(2)(Br) (6a) were obtained from the reactions of Mn(CO)5Br or Re(CO)5Br with diphosphanylborane ligands 1 and 2. Further treatment of all four complexes with one equivalent of AgBF4 in CH2Cl2 in the dark followed by 1 atm of CO afforded the corresponding monocationic complexes [Mn(CO)4(1)][BF4] (3b), [Re(CO)4(1)][BF4] (4b), [Mn(CO)4(2)][BF4] (5b), and [Re(CO)4(2)](BF4) [6b]. An X‐ray diffraction study confirmed the expected molecular structure of 3b. In addition to NMR and elemental analysis characterizations, the structures of these complexes could be unambiguously assigned based on two major ν(CO) IR bands, which established the cis‐(CO)4 local ligand environment. The cationic complexes 3b, 4b, 5b, and 6b were tested for stoichiometric CO reductions by reaction with NaHBEt3 in chlorobenzene. However, the reductions of the complexes 3b and 4b produced mixtures of formyl and hydride species. The reaction of complexes 5b and 6b led to the formation of the stable formyl derivatives [Mn(CHO)(CO)3(2)] (5c) and [Re(CHO)(CO)3(2)] (6c), which were isolated in pure form and characterized by spectroscopic means. In addition, 5c could be characterized by a single‐crystal X‐ray study, which revealed the formyl structure and a stabilizing coordination of the pendant Lewis acidic B(C8H14) group to the formyl oxygen atom.
Stereoselective Amine Addition to Six‐Membered Cyclic Nitronates Promoted by Silyl Triflate
Authors: Mikhaylov Andrey A. , Dilman Alexander D. , Khomutova Yulia A. , Arkhipov Dmitry E. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Ioffe Sema L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSix‐membered cyclic nitronates couple with amines or their N‐silyl derivatives in a diastereoselective fashion to give 3‐amino‐substituted nitroso acetals in 53–89 % yield through silyl triflate electrophilic catalysis. Stereodifferentiation of this process is determined by thermodynamic control, which is realized due to reversibility of amine addition and a decreased nitrogen inversion barrier in the resulting nitroso acetals. Selected chemical transformations of nitroso acetals were examined.
Effect of 3,5‐Disubstitution on the Optical Properties of Luminescent 2‐(2′‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazoles and Their Borate Complexes
Authors: Massue Julien , Ulrich Gilles , Ziessel Raymond 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article describes the multistep synthesis and photophysical properties of three highly fluorescent dyes based on the 2‐(2′‐hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) scaffold and their resulting chelation to a BF2 fragment. These dyes possess functionalization at the 3,5‐positions of the phenol ring with an ethynyl‐extended fragment bearing TMS, p‐tBuC6H4, or p‐NnBu2C6H4 groups. All of the new compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The optical properties of the HBO dyes reveal the presence of enol and keto bands as a result of a strong excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). This ESIPT process is highly dependent on the nature of the electronic substituents and the polarity of the solvent. Upon coordination to a BF2 fragment, typical singlet emission is observed with λem ranging from 439 to 553 nm and quantum yields from 0.03 to 0.36. If aromatic amines are involved, strong aggregates are observed that could be dissociated upon protonation of the lone electron pair.
Room‐Temperature Direct Alkenylation of 5‐Pyrazolones
Authors: Yang Yiwen , Gong Hao , Kuang Chunxiang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA mild and efficient method for the direct alkenylation of 5‐pyrazoles by Pd‐catalyzed C–H bond activation is described. The reaction smoothly proceeds at room temperature to provide products in up to 92 % yield.
Electrochemical Recognition of Chiral Molecules with Poly(4‐bromoaniline) Modified Gold Electrode
Authors: Li Jun , Hu Xuefeng , Wang Jichang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA poly(4‐bromoaniline) (PBA) film is electrochemically synthesized on a gold electrode for the recognition of amino acids enantiomers. Scanning electron microscopy measurements show that the porous PBA films are made up of nano‐ribbons. At the PBA modified Au electrode differential pulse voltammograms of L‐ and D‐glutamic acids not only have very different current densities, but also produce different waveforms, providing an intuitive way to differentiate the two chiral molecules. Similar results are obtained in analyzing L‐ and D‐aspartic acids. Control experiments suggest that the observed sensing behavior arises from synergistic interactions between Au and the PBA film, where polymerization at the meta‐position creates a steric structure needed for differentiating chiral molecules.
Channel quality estimation for cooperative demodulation in coded OFDM systems with decode‐and‐forward relays
Authors: Rim Minjoong , Kim Woongsup 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn a cooperative communication system, the destination needs to perform cooperative demodulation, which properly combines the two versions of received signals, one through the source–destination link and the other through the source–relay–destination link. Whereas the quality of the source–relay–destination link can be easily estimated at the destination in an amplify‐and‐forward relay system, the channel quality estimation may be more difficult in a decode‐and‐forward relay system, and inaccurate estimates can severely degrade the system performance. This may be especially true for coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing relay systems, where each subcarrier may have different channel quality and error correction is performed at the relay. This letter proposes a channel quality estimation method for cooperative demodulation technique in coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems with decode‐and‐forward relays. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Moment Variations and Their Application
Authors: Choe Geon Ho , Lee Kyungsub 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe propose a new method of measuring the third and fourth moments of return distribution based on quadratic variation method when the return process is assumed to have zero drift. The realized third and fourth moment variations computed from high‐frequency return series are good approximations to corresponding actual moments of the return distribution. An investor holding an asset with skewed or fat‐tailed distribution is able to hedge the tail risk by contracting the third or fourth moment swap under which the float leg of realized variation and the predetermined fixed leg are exchanged. Thus, constructed portfolio follows more Gaussian‐like distribution and hence the investor effectively hedges the tail risk. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:1040–1061, 2014
On the additivity of radiative forcing between land use change and greenhouse gases
Authors: Jones Andrew D. , Collins William D. , Torn Margaret S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn scientific and policy contexts, radiative forcing—an external change in Earth's mean radiative balance—has been suggested as a metric for evaluating the strength of climate perturbations resulting from different climate change drivers such as greenhouse gases and surface physical effects of land use change. However, the utility of this approach has been questioned given the spatially concentrated and sometimes nonradiative nature of land use climate disturbances. Here we show that when negative forcing from agricultural expansion is approximately balanced by a radiatively equivalent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, significant changes in temperature, precipitation, and the timing of climate change result. These idealized experiments demonstrate the nonadditivity of radiative forcing from land use change and greenhouse gases and point to the need for new climate change metrics or the development of climate policies and assessment protocols that do not rely on single dimensional metrics.
Hyperactive Behaviors Among 17‐Month‐Olds in a Population‐Based Cohort
Authors: Romano Elisa , Baillargeon Raymond H. , Cao Guanqiong 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTDuring a child's early years, it may be difficult to distinguish between problematic versus normative heightened motor activity. This distinction is important because disorganized heightened motor activity (often labeled hyperactive behavior) can interfere with early childhood developmental tasks. The current study used latent class analyses to estimate the proportion of 17‐month‐olds in the general population who exhibit hyperactive behaviors on a frequent basis (testing for sex differences) and to examine the extent to which toddlers with frequent hyperactive behaviors also might be frequently exhibiting other problem behaviors. We used mother‐reported cross‐sectional data on 2,045 toddlers from a provincially representative study. Results indicated that it is possible to distinguish between 17‐month‐olds who exhibit hyperactive behaviors on a frequent basis and those who never or only occasionally exhibit such behaviors. Specifically, 28.1% of toddlers exhibited hyperactive behaviors on a frequent basis. There were no significant sex differences in the probability of belonging to a particular latent class, but boys in the high‐hyperactivity latent class had a greater propensity to exhibit hyperactive behaviors on a frequent basis. While hyperactivity was highly correlated with both physical aggression and opposition‐defiance, it appears to already represent a distinct behavior problem in young children.
INTEGRATED ON‐FARM DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT FOR DRAINAGE WATER DISPOSAL
Authors: Ayars James E. , Soppe Richard W.O. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTProviding environmentally safe methods for disposal of drainage water containing salt and nutrients is a challenge for irrigated agriculture. A system developed for sequentially using saline drainage water for supplemental irrigation resulted in significant reduction of the drainage water volume. This system dubbed ‘integrated on‐farm drainage management’ (IFDM) was demonstrated on four 65‐ha fields located on a farm on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley of California. Three of the fields were used to grow salt‐sensitive crops (tomato, garlic) and the fourth was used to grow salt‐tolerant crops, e.g. ‘Jose’ tall wheatgrass. Subsurface drainage systems were installed on all fields at a maximum depth of 1.8 m and had controls to regulate shallow water table position and drainage flow. The total drainage flow from the site represented 0.7% of the applied water. The area used for salt‐tolerant crops was less than 6% of the total area served, compared to using evaporation ponds requiring areas equal to or greater than 10% of the served area. The results demonstrated that the regional groundwater quality masked the concentrating effect of crop water use. Deep percolation from the fields contributing to the reuse area ranged from 6 to 10% of the total applied water. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Climate model response from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP)
Authors: Kravitz Ben , Caldeira Ken , Boucher Olivier , Robock Alan , Rasch Philip J. , Alterskjær Kari , Karam Diana Bou , Cole Jason N. S. , Curry Charles L. , Haywood James M. , Irvine Peter J. , Ji Duoying , Jones Andy , Kristjánsson Jón Egill , Lunt Daniel J. , Moore John C. , Niemeier Ulrike , Schmidt Hauke , Schulz Michael , Singh Balwinder , Tilmes Simone , Watanabe Shingo , Yang Shuting , Yoon Jin‐Ho 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSolar geoengineering—deliberate reduction in the amount of solar radiation retained by the Earth—has been proposed as a means of counteracting some of the climatic effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. We present results from Experiment G1 of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project, in which 12 climate models have simulated the climate response to an abrupt quadrupling of CO2 from preindustrial concentrations brought into radiative balance via a globally uniform reduction in insolation. Models show this reduction largely offsets global mean surface temperature increases due to quadrupled CO2 concentrations and prevents 97% of the Arctic sea ice loss that would otherwise occur under high CO2 levels but, compared to the preindustrial climate, leaves the tropics cooler (−0.3 K) and the poles warmer (+0.8 K). Annual mean precipitation minus evaporation anomalies for G1 are less than 0.2 mm day−1 in magnitude over 92% of the globe, but some tropical regions receive less precipitation, in part due to increased moist static stability and suppression of convection. Global average net primary productivity increases by 120% in G1 over simulated preindustrial levels, primarily from CO2 fertilization, but also in part due to reduced plant heat stress compared to a high CO2 world with no geoengineering. All models show that uniform solar geoengineering in G1 cannot simultaneously return regional and global temperature and hydrologic cycle intensity to preindustrial levels.
A generalized log law formulation for a wide range of boundary roughness typically encountered in natural streams
Authors: Plott J. R. , Diplas P. , Kozarek J. , Dancey C. L. , Hill C. , Sotiropoulos F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractApplying fluid mechanics principles to mobile bed conditions is simplified by demonstrating that fitting log profiles to streamwise velocity measurements using the plane of zero velocity is applicable to a larger range of roughness conditions than previously expected. Four sets of detailed velocity measurements obtained under the supervision of the authors were analyzed encompassing sediment‐scale roughness elements, roughness caused by rigid vegetation, and large‐scale roughness elements comprised of mobile bed forms. The analyses resulted in similar normalized zero‐plane displacements for all roughness types considered. The zero‐plane displacements, dh, normalized by roughness height, ks, were 0.20 and 0.26 for the sediment‐ and vegetation‐scale experiments, respectively. The results for two experiments with bed form dominated roughness were 0.41 and 0.34. Estimates of dh/ks ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 are therefore recommended for a range of roughness types with the higher end of the range more appropriate for the larger, bed form‐scale roughness elements, and the lower end for the sediment‐scale roughness elements. In addition, it is demonstrated that the location of the plane of zero velocity is temporally constant even when the bed height is not. The findings can be applied to field velocity measurements under mobile bed conditions facilitating the calculation of turbulence parameters such as shear velocity by using point measurements and providing guidelines for the estimation of an appropriate value for zero‐plane displacement.
Rainfall trends in Fiji
Authors: Kumar Ravind , Stephens Mark , Weir Tony 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article we examine trends in rainfall in the Fiji, using records from 14 stations in Fiji. These records cover more stations and significantly longer periods (>90 years for several stations) than those used in any previous studies. We find that over a period of nearly 100 years there is high interannual variability but no significant long‐term trend in annual rainfall in Fiji in either ‘wet‐side’ or ‘dry‐side’ stations. This result is consistent with the more restricted results of almost all previous studies. We also find no significant trends in ‘wet season’ and ‘dry season’ rainfall, considered separately. Thus unlike temperature data, rainfall data from Fiji provides little evidence of long‐term climate change. There is an indication that the few dry seasons with rainfall more than one standard deviation below the mean have occurred more frequently in the most recent 50 years than in the previous 50. Our results confirm that there is a significant influence of the El Niño Southern Oscillation on rainfall in Fiji, especially on the ‘dry’ side of the larger islands. However, we find that the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) does not modulate the correlation between rainfall in Fiji and the Southern Oscillation Index; contrary to the case in eastern Australia, this correlation is strongly positive for all phases of the IPO.
Noggin resistance contributes to the potent osteogenic capability of BMP9 in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Wang Yi , Hong Siqi , Li Ming , Zhang Jiye , Bi Yang , He Yun , Liu Xing , Nan Guoxin , Su Yuxi , Zhu Gaohui , Li Ruidong , Zhang Wenwen , Wang Jinhua , Zhang Hongyu , Kong Yuhan , Shui Wei , Wu Ningning , He Yunfeng , Chen Xian , Luu Hue H. , Haydon Rex C. , Shi Lewis L. , He Tong‐Chuan , Qin Jiaqiang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors and can differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in stem cell proliferation and differentiation. We recently demonstrated that BMP9 is a potent but less understood osteogenic factor. We previously found that BMP9‐induced ectopic bone formation is not inhibited by BMP3. Here, we investigate the effect of BMP antagonist noggin on BMP9‐induced osteogenic differentiation. BMP antagonists noggin, chording, gremlin, follistatin, and BMP3 are highly expressed in MSCs, while noggin and follistatin are lowly expressed in more differentiated pre‐osteoblast C2C12 cells. BMP9‐induced osteogenic markers and matrix mineralization are not inhibited by noggin, while noggin blunts BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7‐induced osteogenic markers and mineralization. Likewise, ectopic bone formation by MSCs transduced with BMP9, but not the other four BMPs, is resistant to noggin inhibition. BMP9‐induced nuclear translocation of Smad1/5/8 is not affected by noggin, while noggin blocks BMP2‐induced activation of Smad1/5/8 in MSCs. Noggin fails to inhibit BMP9‐induced expression of downstream targets in MSCs. Thus, our results strongly suggest that BMP9 may effectively overcome noggin inhibition, which should at least in part contribute to BMP9's potent osteogenic capability in MSCs. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1796–1803, 2013
The suitability of three Galia melon cultivars and different types of cuts for the fresh‐cut industry
Authors: Silveira Ana C , Aguayo Encarna , Artés Francisco 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDMelons (Cucumis melo L.) are widely cultivated in Mediterranean countries. For fresh‐cut melon elaboration, factors such as type of cultivar and cut have a significant impact on final product quality. The quality parameters from long, medium and short shelf‐life Galia melon cultivars, cut into different shapes such as slices, trapezoids and cylinders and stored up to 10 days at 5 °C, were evaluated in order to learn the suitability of these cultivars and type of cut for minimal processing.RESULTSIn general, long‐life melon cultivar had a low respiration rate and ethylene emissions, and high tissue firmness, but low levels of glucose, fructose, vitamin C and flavor rating by consumers. However, despite having higher metabolic activity and susceptibility to microbial spoilage, the short shelf‐life cultivar melon had higher firmness retention. This cultivar was characterized by its richness in glucose, fructose and vitamin C, and its sensory quality (flavor) was highly valued. In general, the medium cultivar had an intermediate behavior between long and short cultivars but without their positive attributes. As a consequence of the most intense damage, the cylindrical shape had higher metabolic activity, susceptibility to microbial spoilage and reduced appearance.CONCLUSIONSIn the long and medium‐life cultivars studied, low flavor was the limiting factor to extend the shelf‐life of fresh‐cut melon while for the short‐life cultivar the limiting factor was its susceptibility to bacterial growth. Cut types such as cylinders should be avoided. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry