bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detiding Measurement on Transport of the Changjiang-Derived Buoyant Coastal Current
Authors: Wu Hui , Deng Bing , Yuan Rui , Hu Jun , Gu Jinghua , Shen Fang , Zhu Jianrong , Zhang Jing 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Measuring the transport of the Changjiang (also known as the Yangtze) River–derived buoyant coastal current, that is, the Min–Zhe Coastal Current, is of great importance for understanding the fate of terrestrial materials from this large river into the open ocean, but it is usually difficult to achieve because of the energetic tidal currents along the Chinese coast. In February 2012, a detiding cruise survey was carried out using the phase-averaging method. For the first time, this coastal current has been quantified with in situ data and has been shown to have a volume transport of 0.215 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) and a maximum surface velocity of ~50 cm s−1. The ratio between the volume transport of the buoyant coastal current and that of the Changjiang is O(10). Freshwater transport by the buoyant coastal current accounts for over 90% of the Changjiang River's discharge. Buoyancy and winds are both important in driving this current.
Residual Sediment Fluxes in Weakly-to-Periodically Stratified Estuaries and Tidal Inlets
Authors: Burchard Hans , Schuttelaars Henk M. , Geyer W. Rockwell 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In this idealized numerical modeling study, the composition of residual sediment fluxes in energetic (e.g., weakly or periodically stratified) tidal estuaries is investigated by means of one-dimensional water column models, with some focus on the sediment availability. Scaling of the underlying dynamic equations shows dependence of the results on the Simpson number (relative strength of horizontal density gradient) and the Rouse number (relative settling velocity) as well as impacts of the Unsteadiness number (relative tidal frequency). Here, the parameter space given by the Simpson and Rouse numbers is mainly investigated. A simple analytical model based on the assumption of stationarity shows that for small Simpson and Rouse numbers sediment flux is down estuary and vice versa for large Simpson and Rouse numbers. A fully dynamic water column model coupled to a second-moment turbulence closure model allows to decompose the sediment flux profiles into contributions from the transport flux (product of subtidal velocity and sediment concentration profiles) and the fluctuation flux profiles (tidal covariance between current velocity and sediment concentration). Three different types of bottom sediment pools are distinguished to vary the sediment availability, by defining a time scale for complete sediment erosion. For short erosion times scales, the transport sediment flux may dominate, but for larger erosion time scales the fluctuation sediment flux largely dominates the tidal sediment flux. When quarter-diurnal components are added to the tidal forcing, up-estuary sediment fluxes are strongly increased for stronger and shorter flood tides and vice versa. The theoretical results are compared to field observations in a tidally energetic inlet.
How to Write a Systematic Review
Authors: Harris Joshua D. , Quatman Carmen E. , Manring M.M. , Siston Robert A. , Flanigan David C. 
Published: August 2013

Background: The role of evidence-based medicine in sports medicine and orthopaedic surgery is rapidly growing. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are also proliferating in the medical literature. Purpose: To provide the outline necessary for a practitioner to properly understand and/or conduct a systematic review for publication in a sports medicine journal. Study Design: Review. Methods: The steps of a successful systematic review include the following: identification of an unanswered answerable question; explicit definitions of the investigation’s participant(s), intervention(s), comparison(s), and outcome(s); utilization of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines and PROSPERO registration; thorough systematic data extraction; and appropriate grading of the evidence and strength of the recommendations. Results: An outline to understand and conduct a systematic review is provided, and the difference between meta-analyses and systematic reviews is described. The steps necessary to perform a systematic review are fully explained, including the study purpose, search methodology, data extraction, reporting of results, identification of bias, and reporting of the study’s main findings. Conclusion: Systematic reviews or meta-analyses critically appraise and formally synthesize the best existing evidence to provide a statement of conclusion that answers specific clinical questions. Readers and reviewers, however, must recognize that the quality and strength of recommendations in a review are only as strong as the quality of studies that it analyzes. Thus, great care must be used in the interpretation of bias and extrapolation of the review’s findings to translation to clinical practice. Without advanced education on the topic, the reader may follow the steps discussed herein to perform a systematic review.
The great mimic: syphilis mimicking testicular tumour. Conservative management using antibiotics alone with testicular sparing
Authors: Teo S Y , Morris G , Fairley I 
Published: August 2013

Summary We present the case of a 47-year-old man who attended a genitourinary (GU) medicine clinic with posthitis and a painless testicular mass on examination. Initial ultrasound revealed a 2-cm well-defined hypoechoic mass within the right testis and he was referred to urology on suspicion of malignancy. Subsequent syphilis serology was positive and the penile lesion and testicular mass were felt to be consistent with syphilis. After liaising with the urology department, and in view of negative tumour markers (lactate dehydrogenase, alfa-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin) and known penicillin allergy, he was managed conservatively with four weeks of oral doxycycline. Follow-up ultrasound scans revealed adequate response of the testicular mass, with the last scan, performed at 10 months post-treatment, showing complete resolution. This is the first documented case of conservative management of a testicular syphilitic lesion using antibiotics alone with testicular sparing.
VEGFR-1, Bcl-2, and HO-1 Ratios in Pregnant Women With Hypertension
Authors: Varol Füsun , Uzunoğlu Renginar , Erbaş Hakan , Süt Necdet , Sayın Cenk 
Published: August 2013

Backgound/Aim: Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disease resulting in high maternal–fetal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to investigate antiangiogenesis-associated alterations in antiapoptotic and antioxidative proteins in PE. Method: Of the 46 patients with PE, 25 (54.3%) were with gestational hypertension (GH), 12 (26%) were with mild, and 9 (19.5%) were with severe PE. The serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia (Bcl-2) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: In the severe PE group, the VEGFR-1 serum levels (27.3 ± 16.8 vs 13.3 ± 10.7 ng/mL, P = .023) were higher, but the Bcl-2 levels (1.5 ± 0.2 vs 2.1 ± 1.7 ng/mL, P = .047) were lower than the levels in the GH-mild PE group ( P = .047). Also, VEGFR-1/Bcl-2 ratio in the severe PE group was significantly higher ( P = .003) than the ratio in the GH-mild PE group. Conclusion: The Bcl-2 and HO-1 proteins seem to have important roles in the antiangiogenic environment of preeclampsia.
Requirement for Lyl1 in a model of Lmo2-driven early T-cell precursor ALL
Authors: McCormack Matthew P. , Shields Benjamin J. , Jackson Jacob T. , Nasa Chayanica , Shi Wei , Slater Nicholas J. , Tremblay Cedric S. , Rabbitts Terence H. , Curtis David J. 
Published: August 2013

Key Points
Lyl1 is required for Lmo2-induced T-cell leukemia in mice, whereas Scl is dispensable. LYL1 is required for growth of ETP-ALL cell lines.
Thalidomide corrects impaired mesenchymal stem cell function in inducing tolerogenic DCs in patients with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Ma Ji , Ning Yun-na , Xu Miao , Hou Yu , Wang Ning , Hou Xiao-yan , Yu Ying-yi , Li Hui , He Wei-dong , Shao Lin-lin , Zhou Hai , Min Ya-nan , Liu Xin-guang , Shi Yan , Qin Ping , Guo Cheng-shan , Hou Ming , Peng Jun 
Published: August 2013

Key PointsThe impaired function of MSCs in proliferation ability and in inducing tolerogenic DCs may play a role in the pathogenesis of ITP. The effect of THD in correcting dysfunctions of MSCs may suggests a therapeutic potential of THD in ITP patients.
Exploring the abomasal lymph node transcriptome for genes associated with resistance to the sheep nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta
Authors: Gossner Anton , Wilkie Hazel , Joshi Anagha , Hopkins John 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study exploited Blackface lambs that varied in their resistance to the abomasal nematode parasite,Teladorsagia circumcincta. Infection of these lambs over 3 months identified susceptible (high adult worm count, high faecal egg count and low IgA antibody) and resistant animals that had excluded all parasites. Previous work had shown that susceptibility and resistance is dependent on the differential immune response to the parasite, which occurs within the abomasal (gastric) lymph node (ALN) that drains the site of infection. The Affymetrix ovine gene array was used to interrogate the transcriptome of the ALN to identify genes and physiological pathways associated with resistance. We used a bovine RT-qPCR array of 84 genes to validate the gene array, and also report digital gene expression analysis on the same tissues, reanalysed using the Oar v3.1 sheep genome assembly. These analyses identified Humoral Immune Response, Protein Synthesis, Inflammatory Response and Hematological System Development and Function as the two top-ranked networks associated with resistance. Central genes within these networks wereIL4,IL5,IL13RA2and in particularIL13, which confirmed that differential activation of Th2 polarized responses is critical to the resistance phenotype. Furthermore, in resistant sheep there was up-regulation of genes linked to control and suppression of inflammation. The identity of differentially-expressed chemokines and receptors in the resistant and susceptible sheep also begins to explain the cellular nature of the host response to infection. This work will greatly help in the identification of candidate genes as potential selectable markers of genetic resistance.
Rapid quantification of sequence repeats to resolve the size, structure and contents of bacterial genomes
Authors: Williams David , Trimble William L , Shilts Meghan , Meyer Folker , Ochman Howard 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe numerous classes of repeats often impede the assembly of genome sequences from the short reads provided by new sequencing technologies. We demonstrate a simple and rapid means to ascertain the repeat structure and total size of a bacterial or archaeal genome without the need for assembly by directly analyzing the abundances of distinctk-mers among reads.ResultsThe sensitivity of this procedure to resolve variation within a bacterial species is demonstrated: genome sizes and repeat structure of five environmental strains ofE. colifrom shortIlluminareads were estimated by this method, and total genome sizes corresponded well with those obtained for the same strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In addition, this approach was applied to read-sets for completed genomes and shown to be accurate over a wide range of microbial genome sizes.ConclusionsApplication of these procedures, based solely onk-mer abundances in short read data sets, allows aspects of genome structure to be resolved that are not apparent from conventional short read assemblies. This knowledge of the repetitive content of genomes provides insights into genome evolution and diversity.
Genetic variants in IL1A and IL1B contribute to the susceptibility to 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus
Authors: Liu Yingxia , Li Shaoyuan , Zhang Guoliang , Nie Guang , Meng Zhizhong , Mao Dongting , Chen Chang , Chen Xinchun , Zhou Boping , Zeng Gucheng 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Host genetic variations may contribute to disease susceptibility of influenza. IL-1A and IL-1B are important inflammatory cytokines that mediate the inflammation and initiate the immune response against virus infection. In this study, we investigated the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Interleukin-1A (IL-1A) and Interleukin-1B (IL-1B) and the susceptibility to 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza (A(H1N1)pdm09). 167 patients whom were confirmed with A(H1N1)pdm09 and 192 healthy controls were included in this study. Four SNPs (rs1304037, rs16347, rs17561, rs2071373) in IL1A gene and three SNPs (rs1143623, rs3917345, rs1143627) in IL1B gene were genotyped by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry platform, and the associations of the genetic variants of IL-1 with susceptibility to A(H1N1)pdm09 were then assessed.

Results
The polymorphisms of rs17561 in IL1A gene and rs1143627 in IL1B gene were found to be associated with susceptibility to A(H1N1)pdm09 with P values of 0.003 (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.27-3.41) and 0.002 (OR 1.62 , 95% CI 1.20-2.18), respectively. However, no significant difference in allelic frequency was observed for other SNPs between cases and controls.

Conclusions
This study provides a new insight into pathogenesis of A(H1N1)pdm09, suggesting that genetic variants of IL-1A and IL-1B may exert a substantial impact on the susceptibility of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection.
Identification and characterization of the zinc-regulated transporters, iron-regulated transporter-like protein (ZIP) gene family in maize
Authors: Li Suzhen , Zhou Xiaojin , Huang Yaqun , Zhu Liying , Zhang Shaojun , Zhao Yongfeng , Guo Jinjie , Chen Jingtang , Chen Rumei 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundZinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) are essential micronutrients for plant growth and development, their deficiency or excess severely impaired physiological and biochemical reactions of plants. Therefore, a tightly controlled zinc and iron uptake and homeostasis network has been evolved in plants. The Zinc-regulated transporters, Iron-regulated transporter-like Proteins (ZIP) are capable of uptaking and transporting divalent metal ion and are suggested to play critical roles in balancing metal uptake and homeostasis, though a detailed analysis ofZIPgene family in maize is still lacking.ResultsNine ZIP-coding genes were identified in maize genome. It was revealed that the ZmZIP proteins share a conserved transmembrane domain and a variable region between TM-3 and TM-4. Transiently expression in onion epidermal cells revealed that all ZmZIP proteins were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. The yeast complementation analysis was performed to test the Zn or Fe transporter activity of ZmZIP proteins. Expression analysis showed that theZmIRT1transcripts were dramatically induced in response to Zn- and Fe-deficiency, though the expression profiles of otherZmZIPchanged variously. The expression patterns ofZmZIPgenes were observed in different stages of embryo and endosperm development. The accumulations ofZmIRT1andZmZIP6were increased in the late developmental stages of embryo, whileZmZIP4was up-regulated during the early development of embryo. In addition, the expression ofZmZIP5was dramatically induced associated with middle stage development of embryo and endosperm.ConclusionsThese results suggest thatZmZIPgenes encode functional Zn or Fe transporters that may be responsible for the uptake, translocation, detoxification and storage of divalent metal ion in plant cells. The various expression patterns ofZmZIPgenes in embryo and endosperm indicates that they may be essential for ion translocation and storage during differential stages of embryo and endosperm development. The present study provides new insights into the evolutionary relationship and putative functional divergence of theZmZIPgene family during the growth and development of maize.
Economic burden of acute coronary syndrome in South Korea: a national survey
Authors: Kim Jinhyun , Lee Eunhee , Lee Taejin , Sohn Aeree 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is highly prevalent in Korea and is the third-leading cause of death in Korea; however, the economic cost of ACS on Korean society has not been investigated. This study examined the economic effect of ACS on the Korean population during the period 2004 to 2009.

Methods
The analysis used the cost of illness (COI) framework. Data on direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and productivity loss related to ACS morbidity and mortality were included. The Korean National Health Insurance Corporation’s claim database was used to obtain data on annual healthcare utilization and expenditures for the entire South Korean population. By using a data mining technique, we identified healthcare claims with ACS-related disease codes. Costs were estimated by using a macro-costing method.

Results
In 2009, the prevalence of ACS in Korea was 6.4 persons per 1,000 population members and the associated mortality rate was 20.2 persons per 100,000 population members. The total cost of ACS in 2009 was USD 918.2 million. Of the total, direct medical cost was USD 425.3 million, direct non-medical cost was USD 11.4 million, and cost associated with morbidity and mortality was USD 481.5 million.

Conclusions
The results show that the total cost of ACS to the Korean society is high. Early and effective management of ACS is required to reduce ACS-associated mortality and morbidity. We suggest that further research be undertaken to determine ways to reduce the economic effects of ACS and its treatment.
Prevalence, correlates and pattern of Hepatitis B among antenatal clinic attenders in Yaounde-Cameroon: is perinatal transmission of HBV neglected in Cameroon?
Authors: Fomulu Nelson J , Morfaw Frederick LI , Torimiro Judith N , Nana Philip , Koh Mve V , William Takang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have evaluated the prevalence of HBV in the general Cameroonian population or among antenatal attendants. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, correlates and patterns of Hepatitis B surface antigen among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Yaounde-Cameroon.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional multicenter study carried out in a referral hospital and two secondary hospitals in Yaounde, the capital of Cameroon. The study lasted 15 months (March 2011 to June 2012), and recruited 959 pregnant women. Patient recruitment was consecutive. The HBsAg was tested using the Monalisa HBsAg Ultra ELISA kit. Other hepatitis B markers were equally tested.We used the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 14.0 software to conduct a quantitative analysis of the derived data. Simple descriptive statistics such as means, standard deviations, and proportions were used to describe the data. We tested for association in categorical variables using the chi-squared (χ2) test. The odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to summarise the strength of association between specific binary exposure and outcome variables. The level of statistical significance for the study was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of hepatitis B infection (HBsAg) among antenatal clinic attenders in our setting was 7.7%. Amongst these women, just 5.4% were previously aware of their HBsAg status. The rate of HBV infectivity was high, with 28% of HBsAg positive women having evidence of HBeAg in their plasma, and up to 45.8% of these women lacking antibodies against hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe). About 41% of the pregnant women had had previous contact with HBV as evidenced by the positive status for anti-HBc.Just 2.7% of the pregnant women had previously been vaccinated against HBV. The mean age for HBsAg positivity in our setting was 26.9 ±4.7 years, and the most affected age group was the 25 – 29 years age group. There was no statistically significant association between age or other socio-demographic risk factors and HBsAg status. Numerous risk factors for HBV acquisition exists in our settings, but amongst these, only a history of a contact with hepatitis B infection was found to be significantly associated with HBsAg positivity (OR 1.63, 95% C.I 1.15-2.30). Finally, the coinfection rate of HBV/HIV was 0.74%.ConclusionThe prevalence of hepatitis B among pregnant women in Cameroon is high, and the pattern tends towards high infectivity and therefore increased risk of perinatal HBV transmission. These highlight the need to step up preventive efforts against hepatitis B infection and perinatal HBV transmission in our community.
Radiographic and safety details of vertebral body stenting: results from a multicenter chart review
Authors: Diel Peter , Röder Christoph , Perler Gosia , Vordemvenne Thomas , Scholz Matti , Kandziora Frank , Fürderer Sebastian , Eiskjaer Soren , Maestretti Gianluca , Rotter Robert , Benneker Lorin Michael , Heini Paul Friedhelm 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Up to one third of BKP treated cases shows no appreciable height restoration due to loss of both restored height and kyphotic realignment after balloon deflation. This shortcoming has called for an improved method that maintains the height and realignment reached by the fully inflated balloon until stabilization of the vertebral body by PMMA-based cementation. Restoration of the physiological vertebral body height for pain relief and for preventing further fractures of adjacent and distant vertebral bodies must be the main aim for such a method. A new vertebral body stenting system (VBS) stabilizes the vertebral body after balloon deflation until cementation. The radiographic and safety results of the first 100 cases where VBS was applied are presented.

Methods
During the planning phase of an ongoing international multicenter RCT, radiographic, procedural and followup details were retrospectively transcribed from charts and xrays for developing and testing the case report forms. Radiographs were centrally assessed at the institution of the first/senior author.

Results
100 patients (62 with osteoporosis) with a total of 103 fractured vertebral bodies were treated with the VBS system. 49 were females with a mean age of 73.2 years; males were 66.7 years old. The mean preoperative anterior-middle-posterior heights were 20.3-17.6-28.0 mm, respectively. The mean local kyphotic angle was 13.1°. The mean preoperative Beck Index (anterior edge height/posterior edge height) was 0.73, the mean alternative Beck Index (middle height/posterior edge height) was 0.63. The mean postoperative heights were restored to 24.5-24.6-30.4 mm, respectively. The mean local kyphotic angle was reduced to 8.9°. The mean postoperative Beck Index was 0.81, the mean alternative one was 0.82. The overall extrusion rate was 29.1%, the symptomatic one was 1%. In the osteoporosis subgroup there were 23.8% extrusions. Within the three months followup interval there were 9% of adjacent and 4% of remote new fractures, all in the osteoporotic group.

Conclusions
VBS showed its strengths especially in realignment of crush and biconcave fractures. Given that fracture mobility is present, the realignment potential is sound and increases with the severity of preoperative vertebral body deformation.