bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical behaviour of acetyl G as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium
Authors: Sangeetha Y. , Meenakshi S. , Sairam Sundaram C. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl.Design/methodology/approach– A pharmaceutical drug acetyl G was investigated for its corrosion inhibition efficiency using weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.Findings– The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in inhibitor concentration. Results from polarisation studies revealed mixed type of inhibition. Impedance studies, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform spectroscopy confirm the adsorption of inhibitor on the mild steel surface.Research limitations/implications– The drug acetyl G has sulphur and nitrogen atoms which effectively block the corrosion of mild steel and is non-toxic and has good inhibition efficiency.Practical implications– This method provides an excellent, non-toxic and cost-effective material as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium.Originality/value– Application of this drug as a corrosion inhibitor has not been reported yet in the literature. Replacing the organic inhibitors, this green inhibitor shows excellent inhibition efficiency. This is adsorbed excellently on the mild steel surface due to the presence of long chain and hetero atoms. Thus, the drug retards the corrosion reaction.
Synthesis of a novel tetrakisazo navy-blue reactive dye based on DSD acid and its synergistic blackening property
Authors: Gao Aiqin , Zhang Hongjuan , Xie Kongliang 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to synthesise a tetrakisazo reactive dye and to characterise its dyeing property to meet the demand for better black reactive dyes.

Design/methodology/approach
– The novel tetrakisazo navy-blue reactive dye based on 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulphonic acid was designed and synthesized. The dyeing behaviour of it on cotton fabric was discussed. The synergistic blackening effect and absorbance spectra were investigated by absorbance and reflectance spectra, K/S and colorimetric data.

Findings
– The exhaustion and fixation of the designed reactive dye were higher than 20 per cent than those of the commercial reactive dye, CI Reactive Black 5. The novel reactive dye has complementary with Reactive Red SPB and Reactive Yellow C-5R in absorbance spectra from 360 to 700 nm. Three reactive dyes had synergistic effect in colour deepening properties. The dyed cotton fabric possessed high K/S value and low reflectance in the whole visual spectrum range from 360 to 700 nm.

Practical implications
– Comparison with the commercial Reactive Black DN-RN, the blackness of the dyed fabrics with the mixture dyes was greatly improved and the fastness properties on cotton fabrics were also good.

Originality/value
– The paper is an original research work. Because the mixture dyes had better blackness and good fastness properties, it would have wide application in the dyeing of cotton fabric.
The preparation and application of CTBN modified epoxy adhesive
Authors: Liu Lizhu , Zhang Hong , Zhang Nan , Weng Ling 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of two epoxy ratio and carboxyl-terminated butadiene solid rubber (CTBN) content on adhesive and flexible copper clad laminate (FCCL) performance. The epoxy adhesive used for FCCL was prepared with epoxy resin of 901 and 6128 as matrix and CTBN as toughener.

Design/methodology/approach
– The epoxy adhesive was prepared with epoxy resin as matrix, CTBN as toughener and 4,4′-diamino diphenyl sulfone as curing agent in solvent of butanone by mechanical agitation. The adhesives were cast on the polyimide film; subsequently, the polyimide film was dried at 160°C for 3 min to remove the solvent. Then, it was laminated with copper foil at 180°C with the pressure of 12 MPa for 3 min. The FCCL was obtained after heating for 3 h in a vacuum oven at 160°C. The structure and dielectric properties of cured adhesive, surface morphology of peeling FCCL and mechanical properties of FCCL were determined.

Findings
– CTBN was found to react with the epoxy resin during the curing process, with the rubber phase being precipitated and dispersed in the epoxy matrix. The relative dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent slightly increased with increasing CTBN content. The peeling strength of FCCL increased accompanied by a decrease of folding resistance with the increase of 901 content. Further, with the addition of XNBR, the peel strength of FCCL increased, as well as the folding resistance of FCCL, but at a higher XNBR level of 20 weight per cent, the folding resistance of FCCL tended to decrease.

Research limitations/implications
– In the study reported here, the effects of different epoxy resin molecular weight and CTBN content were investigated. Results of this research could benefit in-depth understanding of the influence of epoxy resin molecular weight and CTBN content on adhesive performance and could further promote the development of epoxy adhesive.

Practical implications
– The adhesion of epoxy adhesive prepared from epoxy resin with different molecular weight and CTBN increased, leading to the increase in peeling strength and folding resistance of FCCL.

Social implications
– The peeling strength of FCCL increased as the adhesion strength of epoxy adhesive increased by adding CTBN, making FCCL widely applicable.

Originality/value
– The mechanical properties of epoxy adhesive were increased by adding CTBN. The effects of CTBN on the microstructure and properties of FCCL were discussed in detail.
Borderlands: traversing spaces between art making and research
Authors: MacDonald Abbey , Moss Timothy 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to offer a picture of the relationship the researchers perceive between the art and research practices, unravelling the ways the authors shape and inform enactment of a purposeful nexus between art making and research.Design/methodology/approach– A hybridised methodology is adopted, where methods integral to narrative inquiry and a/r/tography are drawn together to generate a series of “pictures” of the interplay between research and artistry. Through exploration of critical events, creative prose and artefacts, the paper unfolds the parallels perceived and tensions encountered between the approaches to making art and conducting research.Findings– Borders can create a sense of calm and safety in allowing us to organise and contain information or matter, but they are also provocative in their potential to be crossed. Through this work, the authors chart the borders of the art making and research, and how, why and when these borders might be traversed to augment the integrity of both practices. In unfolding and examining the experiences and the perceptions thereof, the authors articulate ways in which the authors find arts practice to enrich and inhibit the research, and vice versa.Originality/value– Of particular value in this paper is the way in which the authors not only tell of the experiences as artists and researchers, but also show these experiences through a/r/tographic methods. As such this paper presents an approach to research that is generative, suggesting rather than concluding and challenging rather than resolving, and ultimately offering multiple avenues for artistic and analytic insight.
Understanding experimentation as improvisation in arts research
Authors: Douglas Anne , Gulari Melehat Nil 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to address the following questions: in what sense does experimentation as improvisation lead to methodological innovation? What are the implications of artistic experimentation as improvisation for education and learning?

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper tracks the known concept within research of “experimentation” with a view to revealing how practice-led research in art works distinctively with experimentation. It proposes experimentation as improvisation drawing on a research project Sounding Drawing 2012 as an example. The paper situates art experimentation as improvisation in art (Cage, 1995) anthropology (Hallam and Ingold, 2007; Bateson, 1989) and the theoretical work of Arnheim (1986) on forms of cognition.

Findings
– Arts research as improvisation is participatory, relational and performative retaining the research subject in its life context. The artist as researcher starts with open-ended critical questions for which there are no known methods or immediate answer. By setting up boundary conditions from the outset and understanding the situatedness and contingencies of those conditions, the artist as improviser seeks ways of not only avoiding chaos and the arbitrary but also being trapped by what is already known.

Originality/value
– This approach is important within and beyond the arts because it consciously draws together different forms of cognition – intuition and relational knowledge and also sequential knowledge. It is also significant because it offers a different epistemology in which new knowledge emerges in the relationship between participants in the research taking form in co-creation. These qualities all position improvisation as a research paradigm and a counterpoint to positivism.
Co-designing non-hierarchical community arts research: the collaborative stories spiral
Authors: Gilchrist Paul , Holmes Claire , Lee Amelia , Moore Niamh , Ravenscroft Neil 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential and durability of arts practice as research through developing a new approach to arts research that challenges the conventional association between dominant constructions of community and dominant modes of research.Design/methodology/approach– A co-design approach, situated in arts practice, has been used to generate a conceptual framework that offers potential to open up the workings of communities by examining them from the standpoint of those who have everyday experience of these communities.Findings– The paper argues that there can no longer be clearly demarcated boundaries between “academics” and “community partners” in a genuinely co-designed arts research process. Rather, there are “research partners” who share mutual recognition of skills and experiences that allow them to commit to a durable “new creative scholarship” that reflects their collective identities.Social implications– The conceptual framework celebrates the life stories of individuals at the expense of the grand metanarratives favoured by empirical sociology and mainstream humanities. The framework reflects the commitment of the authors to create accounts of communities that do justice to their collective wisdom, dynamism and connectivity, as well as their transience, their needs to transform and their responses to change, in ways that reflect the lives of those involved rather than the needs of externally imposed disciplinary regimes.Originality/value– The conceptual framework is a new approach to qualitative research; its value lies in putting the participants at the heart of the research process where they not only generate narrative, but also situate, mediate and remediate it in ways that extend conventional participative research practices.
Topical adenosine increases the proportion of thick hair in Caucasian men with androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Iwabuchi Tokuro , Ideta Ritsuro , Ehama Ritsuko , Yamanishi Haruyo , Iino Masato , Nakazawa Yosuke , Kobayashi Takashi , Ohyama Manabu , Kishimoto Jiro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAdenosine is an effective treatment for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in Japanese men and women. Adenosine exerts its effects by significantly increasing the proportion of thick hair. In this study, we assessed the clinical outcome of adenosine treatment for 6 months in 38 Caucasian men. The change in proportion of thick hair (≥60 μm) compared with baseline in the adenosine group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). The change in vellus hair proportion (<40 μm) was significantly lower in the adenosine group than that in the placebo group (P = 0.0154). The change in hair density compared with baseline of the adenosine group was also significantly higher compared with that of the placebo group (P = 0.0470). No adverse effects due to treatment were noted during this study by dermatological evaluation. Adenosine is effective in increasing the proportion of thick hair in Caucasian men with AGA as well as in Japanese men and women.
Too dry for lizards: short‐term rainfall influence on lizard microhabitat use in an experimental rainfall manipulation within a piñon‐juniper
Authors: Ryan Mason J. , Latella Ian M. , Giermakowski J. Tomasz , Snell Howard , Poe Steven , Pangle Robert E. , Gehres Nathan , Pockman William T. , McDowell Nate G. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryEctotherms such as lizards are expected to alter their behaviour and microhabitat use and experience population declines in response to rising temperatures. But the role of changing rainfall patterns on lizard behaviour and microhabitat use is not understood.We used a 5‐year rainfall manipulation experiment in a piñon pine‐juniper woodland in central New Mexico to study how a lizard species' microhabitat use varies in four different rainfall treatments.We examined ground temperatures in the sun and shade, and daily rainfall, within each treatment, during lizard activity periods, to address how lizards used sun or shade microhabitats on a daily basis. Our small‐scale rainfall and temperature measurements indicate that rainfall, not temperatures, predict lizard microhabitat use.Lizards showed a strong preference for shaded microhabitats during dry periods and used sunny microhabitats following rainfall events, regardless of treatment type. Lizards remained active during dry periods, foraging in the shade of trees.Our study shows that rainfall can influence lizard microhabitat use more than temperature in a piñon pine‐juniper woodland and the trees provide important refugia. The loss of piñon pine and juniper trees from prolonged drought threatens to limit the amount of shade available to lizards in the future.
Is basal metabolic rate associated with recruit production and survival in free‐living house sparrows?
Authors: Rønning Bernt , Broggi Juli , Bech Claus , Moe Børge , Ringsby Thor Harald , Pärn Henrik , Hagen Ingerid J. , Sæther Bernt‐Erik , Jensen Henrik 
Published: October 2015

SummaryLife history theory predicts that available energy is limited and needs to be allocated among different processes such as growth, reproduction and self‐maintenance. Basal metabolic rate (BMR), a common measure of an animal's maintenance cost, is therefore believed to be a trait of ecological and evolutionary significance. However, althoughBMRis often assumed to be correlated with fitness, its association with individual variation in fitness in free‐living populations is virtually unknown.We examined the relationship betweenBMRin late winter prior to the breeding season and recruit production (number of offspring recorded the subsequent year), as well as adult survival, in two populations of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) on the islands Leka and Vega in northern Norway.Number of recruits tended to be negatively related toBMR. However, analysing the data for each sex within the two populations revealed that the negative effect ofBMRon recruit production was significant only for females in the Vega population.Survival probability was associated withBMR, but the relationship differed both between sexes and populations. In the Leka population, we found evidence for stabilizing selection in the females and disruptive selection in the males. In contrast, there was no effect ofBMRon survival in the Vega population.Body mass influenced adult survival, but not recruit production. Furthermore, the relationship betweenBMRand fitness in females remained significant after controlling for body mass. Thus, the selection onBMRin females was not driven by aBMR‐body mass correlation.Basal metabolic rate was significantly related to fitness in both populations. However, the results in the present study show spatial variation as well as sex specific differences in the influence ofBMRon fitness in house sparrows.
A regionally informed abundance index for supporting integrative analyses across butterfly monitoring schemes
Authors: Schmucki Reto , Pe'er Guy , Roy David B. , Stefanescu Constantí , Van Swaay Chris A.M. , Oliver Tom H. , Kuussaari Mikko , Van Strien Arco J. , Ries Leslie , Settele Josef , Musche Martin , Carnicer Jofre , Schweiger Oliver , Brereton Tom M. , Harpke Alexander , Heliölä Janne , Kühn Elisabeth , Julliard Romain 
Published: October 2015

Summary

The rapid expansion of systematic monitoring schemes necessitates robust methods to reliably assess species' status and trends. Insect monitoring poses a challenge where there are strong seasonal patterns, requiring repeated counts to reliably assess abundance. Butterfly monitoring schemes (BMSs) operate in an increasing number of countries with broadly the same methodology, yet they differ in their observation frequency and in the methods used to compute annual abundance indices.

Using simulated and observed data, we performed an extensive comparison of two approaches used to derive abundance indices from count data collected via BMS, under a range of sampling frequencies. Linear interpolation is most commonly used to estimate abundance indices from seasonal count series. A second method, hereafter the regional generalized additive model (GAM), fits a GAM to repeated counts within sites across a climatic region. For the two methods, we estimated bias in abundance indices and the statistical power for detecting trends, given different proportions of missing counts. We also compared the accuracy of trend estimates using systematically degraded observed counts of the Gatekeeper Pyronia tithonus (Linnaeus 1767).

The regional GAM method generally outperforms the linear interpolation method. When the proportion of missing counts increased beyond 50%, indices derived via the linear interpolation method showed substantially higher estimation error as well as clear biases, in comparison to the regional GAM method. The regional GAM method also showed higher power to detect trends when the proportion of missing counts was substantial.

Synthesis and applications. Monitoring offers invaluable data to support conservation policy and management, but requires robust analysis approaches and guidance for new and expanding schemes. Based on our findings, we recommend the regional generalized additive model approach when conducting integrative analyses across schemes, or when analysing scheme data with reduced sampling efforts. This method enables existing schemes to be expanded or new schemes to be developed with reduced within‐year sampling frequency, as well as affording options to adapt protocols to more efficiently assess species status and trends across large geographical scales.
Characterisation of the vegetable rennets used for ‘Torta del Casar’ cheesemaking by a protein profile method
Authors: Ordiales Elena , Martín Alberto , Benito Maria J , Ruiz‐Moyano Santiago , Gallardo Gustavo , Córdoba Maria de Guia 
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this work was to develop a cheap, easy and fast procedure, based on protein analysis, that can be used in the characterisation of coagulants from thistle species, which can be used in Torta del Casar cheesemaking. Sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed high efficiency in the identification of Cynara cardunculus from other thistle species and in discriminating between the technological properties, milk‐clotting and casein degradation activities of the vegetable rennets used in this study. This technique allowed for the grouping of aqueous extracts from the flowers of C. cardunculus into five different groups, which exhibited variable ability to degrade milk caseins.
Catch 22: wetlands protection and fishing for survival
Authors: Gillespie Josephine 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEnvironmental regulation of biodiversity hotspots, including wetlands, is of increasing importance in an era when species and habitat loss is common. A number of global environmental protection regimes attempt to set up processes that protect vulnerable species and their habitats. One such regulatory regime, the Ramsar Convention (Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat), provides overarching protection for hundreds of wetlands around the world. In this paper, one Ramsar listed wetland, Southeast Asia's and Cambodia's largest freshwater lake, the Tonle Sap, is subject to a legal geographical analysis. A legal geography approach – one that puts front and centre an examination of both the environmental protection regulations for the wetlands and the people subject to them – enables the complexity of the legal‐human–environment dynamic in this unique wetlands to be revealed. Measuring the success, or otherwise, of environmental protection regulations requires an understanding of both the biophysical and social dynamics of the place subject to that protection. Geographers, particularly legal geographers, are well placed to document the human–environment dimensions of place and to expose fragilities or disconnections between regulations and place. Regulations that do not take adequate account of complex people–place dynamics are likely to fall short of expectations and run the risk of becoming self‐defeating, giving rise to a potential catch‐22 scenario.
Qualitative study of Queensland paramedics' perceived influences on their food and meal choices during shift work
Authors: Anstey Stephanie , Tweedie Judith , Lord Bill 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore the perceived influences on food and meal choices of Queensland paramedics during shift work.MethodsA qualitative study using individual semi‐structured telephone interviews was conducted on a purposive sample of 15 paramedics working on a rotating shift roster in Queensland. Interviews explored the perceived influences on their food choices while working shifts. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and content analysed manually using open‐coding inductive thematic analysis.ResultsA conceptual model was developed that illustrated four major themes of influences on food choices that emerged from the data analysis. These themes were physiological influences, psychosocial influences, the physical environment and the organisational environment. Of significant influence on the participants' food choice unique to the nature of their shift work was the meal break structure and being ambulance based for the majority of their shift.ConclusionsThe specific influences affecting the food choice of paramedics are created by the environmental influences in which they work and result in extended periods of not eating or ‘opportunistic eating’. This has implications for their ability to make ‘healthy food choices’. Further investigation into strategies to enable paramedics to improve food choice within the context of the unpredictable nature of their workload and their work environment is warranted.