bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 6-month follow-up after constraint-induced movement therapy with and without transfer package for patients with hemiparesis after stroke: a pilot quasi-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Takebayashi Takashi , Koyama Tetsuo , Amano Satoru , Hanada Keisuke , Tabusadani Mitsuru , Hosomi Masashi , Marumoto Kohei , Takahashi Kayoko , Domen Kazuhisa 
Published: October 2012

Objective: To investigate the long-term effects of the ‘transfer package’ in constraint-induced movement therapy, which is an optional protocol to facilitate actual use of the trained affected arm in activities of daily living. Design: A pilot quasi-randomized controlled trial with a blinded single assessor with six-month follow-up. Setting: Hospitalized care at university hospital. Subjects: Twenty-one post-stroke patients were quasi-randomized to either a group with transfer package during constraint-induced movement therapy or a control group (without transfer package). Interventions: The transfer package group received 4.5 hours of intensive task training and 0.5 hours of transfer package whereas the control group received 5.0 hours of intensive task training per day during 10 consecutive weekdays. Main measures: Arm function was measured with Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Amount of Use score of Motor Activity Log. Results: Twenty-three patients were quasi-randomized, but data from two patients were missing from the long-term follow-up. Both groups showed increase in arm function postintervention. However, at six months’ follow-up only the transfer package group showed consistent increase in arm function (with transfer package group versus control group; Fugl-Meyer Assessment, mean (± SD) from 48.6 ± 7.8 (preintervention) to 55.7 ± 4.5 (postintervention) and 59.0 ± 3.6 (six months postintervention) versus from 49.1 ± 5.5 to 52.8 ± 6.0 and 53.3 ± 4.9, P= 0.003; Amount of Use scale of Motor Activity Log, mean from 1.3 ± 0.55 (preintervention) to 2.12 ± 0.55 (postintervention) and 2.79 ± 0.98 (six months postintervention) versus from 1.18 ± 0.70 to 1.61 ± 0.54 and 1.65 ± 0.68, P= 0.002). Conclusions: Our results confirmed the long-term effects of the transfer package in constraint-induced movement therapy.
Medication Costs Across the Hospice Stay
Authors: Gibson Marliese A. , Kimbrel Jason M. , Protus Bridget McCrate , Perdue Willie J. , Arradaza Nicole 
Published: October 2012

The Medicare Payment Advisory Committee (MedPAC) recommended that the per diem reimbursement for the Medicare Hospice Benefit change to a U-shaped scheme reflecting spending based on nursing visit frequency. This study investigated the change in drug cost over patients’ length of stay (LOS) as current drug cost trends are unknown and were not evaluated in the MedPAC proposed reimbursement scheme. An analysis of patient utilizers of a national pharmacy claims database from 2007 to 2010 was completed to determine the trend in average daily pharmaceutical cost per utilizer (PCPU) over the patient’s LOS. The average daily PCPU for 144 119 patients demonstrated a U-shaped curve. Indexed values in the first and last periods were significantly higher than in all other periods overall and by diagnosis ( P < .001). Although indexed medication costs showed a U-shaped curve, it is imperative that hospice reimbursement be adequately evaluated for all medication costs including variations within the diagnosis mix. Payer sources and hospices must work together to determine adequate reimbursement models that will provide patients with effective and efficient high-quality care through the end of life.
Trends in Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement in the Elderly From 1993 to 2003
Authors: Mendiratta P. , Tilford J. M. , Prodhan P. , Curseen K. , Azhar G. , Wei Jeanne Y. 
Published: October 2012

Objectives: To investigate national trends in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement for hospitalized elderly patients from 1993to 2003. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients ≥65 years of age with PEG tube placement from 1993 to 2003 from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was utilized to calculate PEG placement rates per 1000 people. Results: Placement of PEG tube increased by 38% in elderly patients during the study period, from 2.71 procedures during hospitalization per 1000 people to 3.75 procedures during hospitalization per 1,000 people. Placement of PEG tube in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia doubled (5%-10%) over the study period. Conclusion: Over a 10-year period, PEG tube use in hospitalized elderly patients increased significantly. More importantly, approximately 1 in 10 PEG tube placements occurred in patients with dementia.
Deletion of the TNFAIP3/A20gene detected by FICTION analysis in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Nomoto Junko , Hiramoto Nobuhiro , Kato Motohiro , Sanada Masashi , Maeshima Akiko Miyagi , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Hosoda Fumie , Asakura Yoshitaka , Munakata Wataru , Sekiguchi Naohiro , Maruyama Dai , Watanabe Takashi , Nakagama Hitoshi , Takeuchi Kengo , Tobinai Kensei , Ogawa Seishi , Kobayashi Yukio 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
The TNFAIP3 gene, which encodes a ubiquitin-modifying enzyme (A20) involved in the negative regulation of NF-κB signaling, is frequently inactivated by gene deletions/mutations in a variety of B-cell malignancies. However, the detection of this in primary Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) specimens is hampered by the scarcity of Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HR-S) cells even after enrichment by micro-dissection.

Methods
We used anti-CD30 immunofluorescence with fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) to evaluate the relative number of TNFAIP3/CEP6 double-positive signals in CD30-positive cells.

Results
From a total of 47 primary classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) specimens, 44 were evaluable. We found that the relative numbers of TNFAIP3/CD30 cells were distributed among three groups, corresponding to those having homozygous (11%), heterozygous (32%), and no (57%) deletions in TNFAIP3. This shows that TNFAIP3 deletions could be sensitively detected using our chosen methods.

Conclusions
Comparing the results with mutation analysis, TNFAIP3 inactivation was shown to have escaped detection in many samples with homozygous deletions. This suggests that TNFAIP3 inactivation in primary cHL specimens might be more frequent than previously reported.
Cardiovascular Phenotype in Turner Syndrome—Integrating Cardiology, Genetics, and Endocrinology
Authors: Mortensen Kristian H. , Andersen Niels H. , Gravholt Claus H. 
Published: October 2012

Cardiovascular disease is emerging as a cardinal trait of Turner syndrome, being responsible for half of the 3-fold excess mortality. Turner syndrome has been proposed as an independent risk marker for cardiovascular disease that manifests as congenital heart disease, aortic dilation and dissection, valvular heart disease, hypertension, thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Risk stratification is unfortunately not straightforward because risk markers derived from the general population inadequately identify the subset of females with Turner syndrome who will suffer events. A high prevalence of endocrine disorders adds to the complexity, exacerbating cardiovascular prognosis. Mounting knowledge about the prevalence and interplay of cardiovascular and endocrine disease in Turner syndrome is paralleled by improved understanding of the genetics of the X-chromosome in both normal health and disease. At present in Turner syndrome, this is most advanced for the SHOX gene, which partly explains the growth deficit.This review provides an up-to-date condensation of current state-of-the-art knowledge in Turner syndrome, the main focus being cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim is to provide insight into pathogenesis of Turner syndrome with perspectives to advances in the understanding of genetics of the X-chromosome. The review also incorporates important endocrine features, in order to comprehensively explain the cardiovascular phenotype and to highlight how raised attention to endocrinology and genetics is important in the identification and modification of cardiovascular risk.
Drosophila embryos close epithelial wounds using a combination of cellular protrusions and an actomyosin purse string
Authors: Abreu-Blanco Maria Teresa , Verboon Jeffrey M. , Liu Raymond , Watts James J. , Parkhurst Susan M. 
Published: October 2012

Summary
The repair of injured tissue must occur rapidly to prevent microbial invasion and maintain tissue integrity. Epithelial tissues in particular, which serve as a barrier against the external environment, must repair efficiently in order to restore their primary function. Here we analyze the effect of different parameters on the epithelial wound repair process in the late stage Drosophila embryo using in vivo wound assays, expression of cytoskeleton and membrane markers, and mutant analysis. We define four distinct phases in the repair process, expansion, coalescence, contraction and closure, and describe the molecular dynamics of each phase. Specifically, we find that myosin, E-cadherin, Echinoid, the plasma membrane, microtubules and the Cdc42 small GTPase respond dynamically during wound repair. We demonstrate that perturbations of each of these components result in specific impairments to the wound healing process. Our results show that embryonic epithelial wound repair is mediated by two simultaneously acting mechanisms: crawling driven by cellular protrusions and actomyosin ring contraction along the leading edge of the wound.
Mechanism of polarized lysosome exocytosis in epithelial cells
Authors: Xu Jin , Toops Kimberly A. , Diaz Fernando , Carvajal-Gonzalez Jose Maria , Gravotta Diego , Mazzoni Francesca , Schreiner Ryan , Rodriguez-Boulan Enrique , Lakkaraju Aparna 
Published: October 2012

Summary
Fusion of lysosomes with the plasma membrane is a calcium-dependent process that is crucial for membrane repair, limiting pathogen entry and clearing cellular debris. In non-polarized cells, lysosome exocytosis facilitates rapid resealing of torn membranes. Here, we investigate the mechanism of lysosome exocytosis in polarized epithelia, the main barrier between the organism and the external environment and the first line of defense against pathogens. We find that in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, calcium ionophores or pore-forming toxins cause lysosomes to fuse predominantly with the basolateral membrane. This polarized exocytosis is regulated by the actin cytoskeleton, membrane cholesterol and the clathrin adaptor AP-1. Depolymerization of actin, but not microtubules, causes apical lysosome fusion, supporting the hypothesis that cortical actin is a barrier to exocytosis. Overloading lysosomes with cholesterol inhibits exocytosis, suggesting that excess cholesterol paralyzes lysosomal traffic. The clathrin adaptor AP-1 is responsible for accurately targeting syntaxin 4 to the basolateral domain. In cells lacking either the ubiquitous AP-1A or the epithelial-specific AP-1B, syntaxin 4 is non-polar. This causes lysosomes to fuse with both the apical and basolateral membranes. Consistent with these findings, RNAi-mediated depletion of syntaxin 4 inhibits basolateral exocytosis in wild-type MDCK, and both apical and basolateral exocytosis in cells lacking AP-1A or AP-1B. Our results provide fundamental insight into the molecular machinery involved in membrane repair in polarized epithelia and suggest that AP-1 is a crucial regulator of this process.
Autocrine and paracrine unpaired signaling regulate intestinal stem cell maintenance and division
Authors: Osman Dani , Buchon Nicolas , Chakrabarti Sveta , Huang Yu-Ting , Su Wan-Chi , Poidevin Mickaël , Tsai Yu-Chen , Lemaitre Bruno 
Published: October 2012

Summary
The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is involved in the regulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) activity to ensure a continuous renewal of the adult Drosophila midgut. Three ligands, Unpaired 1, Unpaired 2 and Unpaired 3 (Upd1, Upd2 and Upd3, respectively) are known to activate the JAK/STAT pathway in Drosophila. Using newly generated upd mutants and cell-specific RNAi, we showed that Upd1 is required throughout the fly life to maintain basal turnover of the midgut epithelium by controlling ISC maintenance in an autocrine manner. A role of Upd2 and Upd3 in basal conditions is discernible only in old gut, where they contribute to increased ISC abnormal division. Finally, upon an acute stress such as oral bacterial infection, we showed that Upd3 is released from enterocytes and has an additive effect with Upd2 to promote rapid epithelial regeneration. Taken together, our results show that Upd ligands are required to maintain the midgut homeostasis under both normal and pathological states.
A conserved role for the 20S proteasome and Nrf2 transcription factor in oxidative-stress adaptation in mammals, C. elegans and D. melanogaster
Authors: Pickering Andrew M. , Staab Trisha A. , Tower John , Sieburth Derek S. , Davies Kelvin J. A. 
Published: October 2012

Summary
In mammalian cells H2O2 induced adaptation to oxidative stress is strongly dependent on an Nrf2 mediated increase in 20S proteasome. Here we report that both Caenorhabditis elegans nematode worms and Drosophila melanogaster fruit-flies are also capable of adapting to oxidative stress with H2O2 pretreatment. As in mammalian cells, this adaptive response in worms and flies involved an increase in proteolytic activity and increased expression of 20S proteasome, but not of 26S proteasome. It was also found that the increase in 20S proteasome expression in both worms and flies, as in mammalian cells, is important for the adaptive response, and that it is mediated by the SKN-1 and CNC-C orthologs of the mammalian Nrf2 transcription factor, respectively. These studies demonstrate that stress mechanisms operative in cell culture also apply in disparate intact organisms across a wide range of biological diversity.
miR-203b: a novel regulator of MyoD expression in tilapia skeletal muscle
Authors: Yan Biao , Zhao Li-Hui , Guo Jin-Tao , Zhao Jin-Liang 
Published: October 2012

Summary
MyoD is one of the helix-loop-helix proteins regulating muscle-specific gene expression in tilapia. Tight regulation of MyoD protein level is necessary for the precise regulation of skeletal muscle development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of regulatory RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Increasing evidences have suggested that miRNAs play an important role in regulating skeletal muscle development. We reasoned that MyoD expression may be regulated by miRNAs. Bioinformatics prediction identify a putative miR-203b target site in the 3’-UTR of MyoD gene. Interestingly, miR-203b expression is negatively correlated is negatively correlated with MyoD expression. miR-203b suppression leads to a significant increase in MyoD expression, thereby activating MyoD downstream gene. 3’-UTR luciferase reporter assay further verifies the direct interaction between miR-203b and MyoD. Taken together, our studies reveal a novel molecular mechanism in which miRNA participates in transcriptional circuits that regulates gene expression in tilapia skeletal muscle.
Behavior and survival ofMytiluscongeners following episodes of elevated body temperature in air and seawater
Authors: Dowd W. Wesley , Somero George N. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryCoping with environmental stress may involve combinations of behavioral and physiological responses. We examined potential interactions between adult mussels’ simple behavioral repertoire – opening/closing of the shell valves – and thermal stress physiology in common-gardened individuals of three Mytilus congeners found on the West Coast of North America, two of which are native species (M. californianus and M. trossulus) and one an invasive from the Mediterranean (M. galloprovincialis). We first continuously monitored valve behavior over three consecutive days on which body temperatures were gradually increased, either in air or in seawater. A temperature threshold effect was evident between 25°C and 33°C in several behavioral measures. Mussels tended to spend much less time with the valves in a sealed position following exposure to 33°C body temperature, especially when exposed in air. This behavior could not be explained by decreases in adductor muscle glycogen (stores of this metabolic fuel actually increased in some scenarios), impacts of forced valve sealing on long-term survival (none observed in a second experiment), or loss of contractile function in the adductor muscles (individuals exhibited as many or more valve adduction movements following elevated body temperature as in controls). We hypothesize that this reduced propensity to seal the valves following thermal extremes represents avoidance of hypoxia-reoxygenation cycles and concomitant oxidative stress. We further conjecture that prolonged valve gaping following episodes of elevated body temperature may have important ecological consequences by affecting species interactions. We then examined survival over a 90-d period following exposure to elevated body temperature and/or emersion, observing ongoing mortality throughout this monitoring period. Survival varied significantly among species (M. trossulus had lowest survival) and among experimental contexts (survival was lowest after experiencing elevated body temperature in seawater). Surprisingly, we observed no cumulative impact on survival of three days relative to one day of exposure to elevated body temperature. The delayed mortality and context-specific outcomes we observed have important implications for design of future experiments and for interpretation of field distribution patterns of these species. Ultimately, variation in the catalog of physiological and behavioral capacities among closely related or sympatric species is likely to complicate prediction of the ecological consequences of global change and species invasions.
Anisotropic Consolidation Behavior of Ariake Clay from Three Different CRS Tests
Authors: Chai Jin-Chun , Jia Rui , Hino Takenori 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Three types of constant rate of strain (CRS) consolidation tests were conducted on samples of undisturbed Ariake clay, using a newly developed consolidometer, to investigate the anisotropic consolidation behavior of the clay. CRS tests conducted using vertically cut specimens (with respect to the in situ condition) tested with vertical (or end) drainage (with respect to test condition) were designated as CRS-V-V tests. Specimens cut vertically but with radial drainage were designated CRS-V-R, whereas those cut horizontally and tested with vertical drainage were designated CRS-H-V. The test results show that the ratio of the consolidation yield stress of a horizontally cut specimen (pch) to that of a vertically cut specimen (pcv) is in a range from 0.5 to 1.0. Both pcv and pch increased about 15 % with a tenfold increase in strain rate, but there was no clear difference in the degree of strain-rate dependency for pcv and pch. Values of the coefficient of consolidation obtained from CRS-H-V (chh) and CRS-V-R (chv) test are larger than those measured in CRS-V-V (cv) tests, and it has been identified that these differences arise mainly from the anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity (k). The ratio of k in the horizontal direction (kh) measured in a CRS-V-R test to that in the vertical direction (kv) from a CRS-V-V test is about 1.65, and the ratio of chv/cv is about 1.54. The value of kh from a CRS-H-V test is generally smaller than that from a CRS-V-R test.
Small-strain Cyclic Testing With Standard NGI Simple Shear Device
Authors: Mortezaie Ahmad Reza , Vucetic Mladen 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In the standard Norwegian Geotechnical Institute type of direct simple shear (NGI-DSS) test, the horizontal load cell record includes several false loads which do not represent the soil shear resistance. In the case of cyclic loading, the relative magnitude of these false loads increases as the cycle shear strain amplitude γc decreases. Consequently, in order to obtain accurate cyclic soil behavior at small γc, the NGI-DSS test records must be corrected to address the errors due to these false loads. This paper describes how, with the help of modern computer technologies, the false loads can be identified, quantified, and then subtracted from the load cell record. In an example, the proposed correction procedure is successfully applied to values of γc as small as 0.026 %. With this procedure, the accurate equivalent viscous damping ratio, the variation of the secant shear modulus with the number of cycles, and other cyclic properties can be obtained at γc as small as 0.01 %.
Solving an Inverse Scattering Problem of an Embedded Perfectly Conducting Cylinder by Asynchronous Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Chiu Chien-Ching , Hsu Jung-Chin , Hsiao Wei-Chun 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We present a computational approach to the imaging of a two-dimensional (2D) embedded perfectly conducting cylinder by the asynchronous particle swarm optimization (APSO). An embedded conducting cylinder of unknown shape scatters the incident transverse magnetic (TM) wave in a half space while the scattered field is recorded outside. Based on the boundary condition and the measured scattered field, a set of nonlinear integral equations is derived and the imaging problem is reformulated into an optimization problem. The inverse problem is solved by an optimization approach and the global searching scheme, the asynchronous particle swarm optimization is then employed to search the parameter space. This method is tested by several numerical examples, and it is found that the performance of the APSO is robust for reconstructing the perfectly conducting cylinder. Numerical simulations show that even when the measured scattered fields are contaminated with Gaussian noise, the quality of the reconstructed results obtained by the APSO algorithm is very good.
Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres: 13th Volume
Authors: Davis Samuel Edgar , Steinberg Theodore A. 
Published: October 2012

Description
Seventeen peer-reviewed papers cover the latest research on the ignition and combustion of metals and non-metals, oxygen compatibility of components and systems, analysis of ignition and combustion, failure analysis and safety. It includes aerospace, military, scuba diving, and industrial oxygen applications.
Topics cover
This new publication is a valuable resource for professionals in the air separation industries, oxygen manufacturers, manufacturers of materials intended for oxygen service, and users of oxygen and oxygen-enriched atmospheres, including aerospace, medical, industrial gases, chemical processing, steel and metals refining, as well as to military, commercial or recreational diving.