bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature responses of mesophyll conductance differ greatly between species
Authors: von CAEMMERER SUSANNE , EVANS JOHN R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe temperature responses of mesophyll conductance (gm) were investigated for nine species using carbon isotope techniques combining tunable diode laser spectroscopy and gas exchange measurements. Species included the evergreen trees Eucalyptus pauciflora and Quercus engelmannii; the tropical evergreen tree Lophostemon confertus; as well as the herbaceous species Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Gossypium hirsutum, Glycine max and Arabidopsis thaliana. Responses varied from a two‐ to threefold increase in mesophyll conductance between 15 and 40 °C observed for N. tabacum, G. hirsutum, G. max and E. pauciflora to almost no change in L. confertus and T. aestivum. To account for the different temperature responses between species, we suggest that there must be variation in both the activation energy for membrane permeability and the effective pathlength for liquid phase diffusion. Stomatal conductance was relatively independent of increases in leaf temperature and concomitant increases in leaf to air vapour pressure difference. Two exceptions were Eucalyptus and Gossypium, where stomatal conductance increased with temperature up to 35 °C despite increasing leaf to air vapour pressure. For a given species, temperature responses of stomatal and mesophyll conductance were independent of one another.
An empirically based practice perspective on the transition to adulthood for solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Annunziato Rachel A. , Freiberger Dawn , Martin Kathy , Helcer Jacqueline , Fitzgerald Christopher , Lefkowitz Debra S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPreparing patients for transitioning to self‐managed care and subsequently transferring to the adult healthcare system has become a critical process for clinicians working with pediatric transplant recipients. This paper reviews several barriers to a successful transition. These include patient barriers, caregiver barriers, and considerations within pediatric and adult centers. To date, few approaches for improving the transition process have been empirically tested. This review details studies that have examined possible models including usage of a transition coordinator and transition clinics. Recommendations are offered to promote an optimal transition including the importance and content of preparation, assessing and addressing transition readiness, insuring the involvement of all stakeholders, and finally, at minimum providing services during the transfer period. Future directions are offered aiming to advance this important area of investigation.
Intraspecific variation in Diplodia seriata isolates occurring on grapevines in Spain
Authors: Elena G. , Garcia‐Figueres F. , Reigada S. , Luque J. 
Published: September 2014

Variation of Diplodia seriata, a fungal species associated with botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine, was investigated with respect to its genetic, phenotypic and pathogenic characteristics. The inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique was used to investigate the genetic diversity of 83 isolates of D. seriata. Five ISSR primers were able to provide reproducible and polymorphic DNA fingerprint patterns, thus showing a relevant genetic variability in the species. Analyses of ISSR data by different clustering methods grouped the isolates into two distinct clusters through the Bayesian and DAPC analyses. No relationships between either geographic or host origin of isolates and genetic clusters were observed. Several representative isolates from each genetic cluster were chosen for studying their conidial dimensions, in vitro mycelial growth, vegetative and mating compatibility, and pathogenicity on detached grapevine canes and potted vines. No significant differences in conidial dimensions were detected among the groups. Vegetative compatibility reactions were observed among isolates but this was not related with the genetic clustering. Production of sexual fruiting bodies in vegetative compatible crossings was not observed under the experimental conditions used in the study. All 14 isolates tested for pathogenicity were confirmed to be pathogenic according to the length of the necrotic lesions that they caused and their reisolation frequencies from the infected plant tissues. Differences in the length of necrosis were detected among isolates, thus revealing the existence of different virulence levels in the species.
Impact of Instruction in the Creighton Model FertilityCare System on Time to Pregnancy in Couples of Proven Fecundity: Results of a Randomised Trial
Authors: Stanford Joseph B. , Smith Ken R. , Varner Michael W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe Creighton Model FertilityCare System (CrMS) teaches women to identify days when intercourse is likely to result in pregnancy. We sought to assess the impact of the CrMS on time to pregnancy (TTP), via per‐cycle pregnancy rates (fecundability).MethodsWe conducted a parallel randomised trial at the University of Utah School of Medicine, 2003–06. Women ages 18–35 years, in a relationship of proven fertility, who desired to conceive, were block‐randomised and stratified for age, with allocation concealment by opaque sequentially numbered sealed envelopes. The control group received the advice to have intercourse 2–3 times per week, and the intervention group received CrMS instruction. All women were asked to begin trying to conceive starting the second cycle in the study and were followed actively up to seven cycles, without blinding of research personnel. We calculated descriptive statistics and fecundability, and estimated Cox models for TTP. (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00161395).ResultsThere were 143 women randomised: 71 to the control group (all analysed) and 72 to the CrMS group (69 analysed). The adjusted hazard ratio for the influence of CrMS on TTP was 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53, 1.38]. Fecundability in cycles with intent to conceive was 31% in controls and 36% with CrMS (P = 0.32). By the first cycle, fecundability was 17% in controls, and 4% with CrMS (P = 0.02). No adverse events were reported.ConclusionsWe found no significant impact of CrMS on TTP or fecundability, but fewer of the women receiving CrMS conceived by the first cycle.
Different strategies underlying uncertain decision making: Higher executive performance is associated with enhanced feedback‐related negativity
Authors: Kóbor Andrea , Takács Ádám , Janacsek Karolina , Németh Dezső , Honbolygó Ferenc , Csépe Valéria 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the role of executive functions (EFs) in different strategies underlying risky decision making. Adult participants from a nonclinical sample were assigned to low or high EF groups based on their performance on EF tasks measuring shifting, updating, and inhibition. ERPs were recorded while participants performed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). In this task, each balloon pump was associated with either a reward or a balloon pop with unknown probability. The BART behavioral measures did not show between‐group differences. However, the feedback‐related negativity (FRN) associated with undesirable outcomes was larger in the high EF group than in the low EF group. Since the FRN represents salience prediction error, our results suggest that the high EF group formed internal models that were violated by the outcomes. Thus, we provided ERP evidence for EFs influencing risky decision‐making processes.
Urban Poverty and Neighborhood Effects on Crime: Incorporating Spatial and Network Perspectives
Authors: Graif Corina , Gladfelter Andrew S. , Matthews Stephen A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractResearch on neighborhoods and crime is on a remarkable growth trajectory. In this article, we survey important recent developments in the scholarship on neighborhood effects and the spatial stratification of poverty and urban crime. We advance the case that, in understanding the impact of neighborhoods and poverty on crime, sociological and criminological research would benefit from expanding the analytical focus from residential neighborhoods to the network of neighborhoods that individuals are exposed to during their daily routine activities. This perspective is supported by re‐emerging scholarship on activity spaces and macro‐level research on inter‐neighborhood connections. We highlight work indicating that non‐residential contexts add variation in criminogenic exposure, which in turn influence offending behavior and victimization risk. Also, we draw on recent insights from research on gang violence, social and institutional connections, and spatial mismatch and call for advancements in the scholarship on urban poverty that investigates the salience of inter‐neighborhood connections in evaluating the spatial stratification of criminogenic risk for individuals and communities.
A retrospective review of treatment and response of high‐risk mast cell tumours in dogs
Authors: Miller R. L. , Van Lelyveld S. , Warland J. , Dobson J. M. , Foale R. D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis retrospective case series evaluates survival outcome of 94 dogs with high metastatic risk mast cell tumours (MCT). Patients were treated with a cytotoxic chemotherapy protocol or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor masitinib, in the presence of gross disease or as an adjunct to surgical resection of the primary tumour. In patients presenting with metastatic disease, surgical resection of the primary tumour with adjunctive therapy with any chemotherapy incurred a significant survival advantage [median survival time (MST): 278 days] compared to patients receiving chemotherapy without surgical excision of the primary tumour (MST: 91 days, P < 0.0001). Patients with a surgically excised Patnaik grade II tumour and high Ki‐67 in the absence of metastatic disease treated with vinblastine and prednisolone showed a significantly longer survival (MST: 1946 days) than those treated with masitinib (MST: 369 days, P = 0.0037). Further prospective case‐controlled clinical trials of high‐risk MCTs are required to make precise evidence‐based treatment decisions for individual patients.
Efficacy of low‐level laser therapy on hair regrowth in dogs with noninflammatory alopecia: a pilot study
Authors: Olivieri Lara , Cavina Damiano , Radicchi Giada , Miragliotta Vincenzo , Abramo Francesca 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundCanine noninflammatory alopecia (CNA) is a heterogeneous group of skin diseases with different underlying pathogenesis. The therapeutic approach is challenging, and new options for treatment are desirable.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo test the clinical efficacy of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) on hair regrowth in CNA.AnimalsSeven dogs of different ages, breeds and genders with a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of noninflammatory alopecia.MethodsEach dog was treated twice weekly for a maximum of 2 months with a therapeutic laser producing the following three different wavelengths emerging simultaneously from 21 foci: 13 × 16 mW, 470 nm; 4 × 50 mW, 685 nm; and 4 × 200 mW, 830 nm. The fluence given was 3 J/cm2, frequency 5 Hz, amplitude of the irradiated area was 25 cm2 and application time was 1.34 min. A predetermined alopecic area was left untreated and served as a control area. From one dog, post‐treatment biopsies of treated and untreated sites were obtained for histological evaluation of hair density and the percentage of haired and nonhaired follicles.ResultsAt the end of the study, coat regrowth was greatly improved in six of seven animals and improved in one of seven. By morphometry, the area occupied by hair follicles was 18% in the treated sample and 11% in the untreated one (11%); haired follicles were (per area) 93% in the treated sample and only 9% in the control sample.Conclusions and clinical importanceOur clinical and histological data document promising effects of LLLT on hair regrowth in CNA. Further studies investigating the biological mechanism underlying the effect of LLLT on hair follicle cycling are warranted.
Point prevalence of complex wounds in a defined United Kingdom population
Authors: Hall Jill , Buckley Hannah L. , Lamb Karen A. , Stubbs Nikki , Saramago Pedro , Dumville Jo C. , Cullum Nicky A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractComplex wounds (superficial‐, partial‐, or full‐thickness skin loss wounds healing by secondary intention) are common; however, there is a lack of high‐quality, contemporary epidemiological data. This paper presents point prevalence estimates for complex wounds overall as well as for individual types. A multiservice, cross‐sectional survey was undertaken across a United Kingdom city (Leeds, population 751,485) during 2 weeks in spring of 2011. The mean age of people with complex wounds was approximately 70 years, standard deviation 19.41. The point prevalence of complex wounds was 1.47 per 1,000 of the population, 95% confidence interval 1.38 to 1.56. While pressure ulcers and leg ulcers were the most frequent, one in five people in the sample population had a less common wound type. Surveys confined to people with specific types of wound would underestimate the overall impact of complex wounds on the population and health care resources.
New Insights into the
In Vitro
Susceptibility of Pythium insidiosum
Authors: Loreto Érico S. , Tondolo Juliana S. M. , Pilotto Maiara B. , Alves Sydney H. , Santurio Janio M. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

We have determined the
in vitro
activity of several antibacterial and antifungal drugs against
Pythium insidiosum
using broth microdilution (BMD), disk diffusion, and Etest methods. The largest zones of inhibition (disk diffusion) and the lowest BMD and Etest MICs were observed for azithromycin, clarithromycin, linezolid, mupirocin, doxycycline, minocycline, and tigecycline. The
in vitro
activities observed suggest that antibacterials, which act by inhibiting protein synthesis, are promising candidate therapies for the treatment of pythiosis.
Submicronic Fungal Bioaerosols: High-Resolution Microscopic Characterization and Quantification
Authors: Afanou Komlavi Anani , Straumfors Anne , Skogstad Asbjørn , Nilsen Terje , Synnes Ole , Skaar Ida , Hjeljord Linda , Tronsmo Arne , Green Brett James , Eduard Wijnand 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Submicronic particles released from fungal cultures have been suggested to be additional sources of personal exposure in mold-contaminated buildings.
In vitro
generation of these particles has been studied with particle counters, eventually supplemented by autofluorescence, that recognize fragments by size and discriminate biotic from abiotic particles. However, the fungal origin of submicronic particles remains unclear. In this study, submicronic fungal particles derived from
Aspergillus fumigatus
,
A. versicolor
, and
Penicillium chrysogenum
cultures grown on agar and gypsum board were aerosolized and enumerated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). A novel bioaerosol generator and a fungal spores source strength tester were compared at 12 and 20 liters min
−1
airflow. The overall median numbers of aerosolized submicronic particles were 2 × 10
5
cm
−2
, 2.6 × 10
3
cm
−2
, and 0.9 × 10
3
cm
−2
for
A. fumigatus
,
A. versicolor
, and
P. chrysogenum
, respectively.
A. fumigatus
released significantly (
P
< 0.001) more particles than
A. versicolor
and
P. chrysogenum
. The ratios of submicronic fragments to larger particles, regardless of media type, were 1:3, 5:1, and 1:2 for
A. fumigatus
,
A. versicolor
, and
P. chrysogenum
, respectively. Spore fragments identified by the presence of rodlets amounted to 13%, 2%, and 0% of the submicronic particles released from
A. fumigatus
,
A. versicolor
, and
P. chrysogenum
, respectively. Submicronic particles with and without rodlets were also aerosolized from cultures grown on cellophane-covered media, indirectly confirming their fungal origin. Both hyphae and conidia could fragment into submicronic particles and aerosolize
in vitro
. These findings further highlight the potential contribution of fungal fragments to personal fungal exposure.
Absolute Humidity Influences the Seasonal Persistence and Infectivity of Human Norovirus
Authors: Colas de la Noue Alexandre , Estienney Marie , Aho Serge , Perrier-Cornet Jean-Marie , de Rougemont Alexis , Pothier Pierre , Gervais Patrick , Belliot Gaël 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Norovirus (NoV) is one of the main causative agents of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. In temperate climates, outbreaks peak during the winter season. The mechanism by which climatic factors influence the occurrence of NoV outbreaks is unknown. We hypothesized that humidity is linked to NoV seasonality. Human NoV is not cultivatable, so we used cultivatable murine norovirus (MNV) as a surrogate to study its persistence when exposed to various levels of relative humidity (RH) from low (10% RH) to saturated (100% RH) conditions at 9 and 25°C. In addition, we conducted similar experiments with virus-like particles (VLPs) from the predominant GII-4 norovirus and studied changes in binding patterns to A, B, and O group carbohydrates that might reflect capsid alterations. The responses of MNV and VLP to humidity were somewhat similar, with 10 and 100% RH exhibiting a strong conserving effect for both models, whereas 50% RH was detrimental for MNV infectivity and VLP binding capacity. The data analysis suggested that absolute humidity (AH) rather than RH is the critical factor for keeping NoV infectious, with an AH below 0.007 kg water/kg air being favorable to NoV survival. Retrospective surveys of the meteorological data in Paris for the last 14 years showed that AH average values have almost always been below 0.007 kg water/kg air during the winter (i.e., 0.0046 ± 0.0014 kg water/kg air), and this finding supports the fact that low AH provides an ideal condition for NoV persistence and transmission during cold months.
Three-Component
O
-Demethylase System Essential for Catabolism of a Lignin-Derived Biphenyl Compound in Sphingobium sp. Strain SYK-6
Authors: Yoshikata Taichi , Suzuki Kazuya , Kamimura Naofumi , Namiki Masahiro , Hishiyama Shojiro , Araki Takuma , Kasai Daisuke , Otsuka Yuichiro , Nakamura Masaya , Fukuda Masao , Katayama Yoshihiro , Masai Eiji 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Sphingobium
sp. strain SYK-6 is able to assimilate lignin-derived biaryls, including a biphenyl compound, 5,5′-dehydrodivanillate (DDVA). Previously,
ligXa
(SLG_07770), which is similar to the gene encoding oxygenase components of Rieske-type nonheme iron aromatic-ring-hydroxylating oxygenases, was identified to be essential for the conversion of DDVA; however, the genes encoding electron transfer components remained unknown. Disruption of putative electron transfer component genes scattered through the SYK-6 genome indicated that SLG_08500 and SLG_21200, which showed approximately 60% amino acid sequence identities with ferredoxin and ferredoxin reductase of dicamba
O
-demethylase, were essential for the normal growth of SYK-6 on DDVA. LigXa and the gene products of SLG_08500 (LigXc) and SLG_21200 (LigXd) were purified and were estimated to be a trimer, a monomer, and a monomer, respectively. LigXd contains FAD as the prosthetic group and showed much higher reductase activity toward 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol with NADH than with NADPH. A mixture of purified LigXa, LigXc, and LigXd converted DDVA into 2,2′,3-trihydroxy-3′-methoxy-5,5′-dicarboxybiphenyl in the presence of NADH, indicating that DDVA
O
-demethylase is a three-component monooxygenase. This enzyme requires Fe(II) for its activity and is highly specific for DDVA, with a

K
m

value of 63.5 μM and
k
cat
of 6.1 s
−1
. Genome searches in six other sphingomonads revealed genes similar to
ligXc
and
ligXd
(>58% amino acid sequence identities) with a limited number of electron transfer component genes, yet a number of diverse oxygenase component genes were found. This fact implies that these few electron transfer components are able to interact with numerous oxygenase components and the conserved LigXc and LigXd orthologs are important in sphingomonads.
Assessment of Adhesins as an Indicator of Pathovar-Associated Virulence Factors in Bovine Escherichia coli
Authors: Valat Charlotte , Forest Karine , Auvray Frédéric , Métayer Véronique , Méheut Thomas , Polizzi Charlène , Gay Emilie , Haenni Marisa , Oswald Eric , Madec Jean-Yves 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

The CS31A, F17, and F5 adhesins are usually targeted by serology-based methods to detect pathogenic
Escherichia coli
associated with calf enteritis. However, the virulence traits of the selected isolates are still poorly described. Here, from a set of 349 diarrheagenic
E. coli
isolates from cattle, we demonstrated a 70.8% concordance rate (Cohen's kappa, 0.599) between serology- and PCR-based approaches for the detection of adhesins under field conditions. A 79% to 82.4% correspondence between the two methods was found for fimbrial adhesins, whereas major discrepancies (33%) were observed for CS31A-type antigens. Various F17A variants were found, such as F17Ac (20K) (50%), F17Aa (FY) (18.9%), F17Ab (8.1%), and F17Ad (111K) (5.4%), including a high proportion (17.6%) of new F17A internal combinations (F17Aab, F17Aac, and F17Abc) or untypeable variants. In addition, the highest proportion of pathovar-associated virulence factor (VF) genes was observed among
E. coli
isolates that produced F5/F41 adhesins. A specific link between the heat-stable toxins related to the enterotoxigenic
E. coli
(ETEC) pathovar and adhesins was identified. STa was significantly linked to F5/F41 and EAST1 to CS31A adhesins (
P
< 0.001), respectively, whereas NTEC was associated with F17 adhesin (
P
= 0.001). Clustering between phylogroups according to the adhesin types was also observed. Also, few Shiga toxin-producing
E. coli
(STEC) or enteropathogenic
E. coli
(EPEC) pathovars were identified. Finally, no statistically significant difference was observed in the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production according to the adhesins expressed by the isolates (
P
= 0.09). Altogether, this study gives new insights into the relationship between adhesins, VF, and antimicrobial resistance in calf enteritis and supports the need for further standardization of methodologies for such approaches.
Surface-Dried Viruses Can Resist Glucoprotamin-Based Disinfection
Authors: Zeitler Benjamin , Rapp Ingrid 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Touching of contaminated objects and surfaces is a well-known method of virus transmission. Once they are attached to the hands, viruses can easily get adsorbed and initiate infection. Hence, disinfection of frequently touched surfaces is of major importance to prevent virus spreading. Here we studied the antiviral activity of a glucoprotamin-containing disinfectant against influenza A virus and the model virus vaccinia virus (VACV) dried on inanimate surfaces. The efficacy of the surface disinfectant on stainless steel, polyvinyl chloride, and glass coupons was investigated in a quantitative carrier test. Vacuum-dried viruses were exposed to 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% disinfectant for 5 min, 15 min, and 30 min without agitation, and residual infectivity was determined by endpoint titration. Although glucoprotamin was highly active against both viruses in suspension, limited antiviral activity against the surface-dried viruses was detected. Even after 30 min of exposure to 1% disinfectant, VACV was not completely inactivated. Furthermore, influenza A virus inactivation was strongly affected by the surface composition during the 5-min and 15-min treatments with 0.25% and 0.5% disinfectant. The results presented in this study highlight the relevance of practical tests to assess the antiviral activity of surface disinfectants. High virucidal activity in solution is not necessarily indicative of high antiviral activity against surface-dried viruses. In addition, we want to emphasize that the mere exposure of surfaces to disinfectants might not be sufficient for virus inactivation and mechanical action should be applied to bring attached viruses into contact with virucidal compounds.