bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial clustering of breast and prostate cancer and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the Women's Health Initiative Study
Authors: Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Yee Cecilia , Cote Michele L. , Petrucelli Nancie , Palmer Nynikka , Bock Cathryn , Lane Dorothy , Agalliu Ilir , Stefanick Marcia L. , Simon Michael S. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDEvidence suggests that the risk of breast and prostate cancer is increased among those with a family history of the same disease and particularly among first‐degree relatives. However, less is known about the relationship between breast and prostate cancer within families and particularly among minority populations.METHODSAnalyses of participants in the Women's Health Initiative observational cohort who were free of breast cancer at the time of their baseline examination were conducted. Subjects were followed for breast cancer through August 31, 2009. A Cox proportional hazards regression modeling approach was used to estimate the risk of breast cancer associated with a family history of prostate cancer, breast cancer, and both among first‐degree relatives.RESULTSThere were 78,171 eligible participants, and 3506 breast cancer cases were diagnosed during the study period. A family history of prostate cancer was associated with a modest increase in breast cancer risk after adjustments for confounders (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02‐1.26). In a separate analysis examining the joint impact of both cancers, a family history of both breast and prostate cancer was associated with a 78% increase in breast cancer risk (aHR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.45‐2.19). Risk estimates associated with a family history of both breast and prostate cancer were higher among African American women (aHR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.09‐5.02) versus white women (aHR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.33‐2.08).CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that prostate cancer diagnosed among first‐degree family members increases a woman's risk of developing breast cancer. Future studies are needed to determine the relative contributions of genes and a shared environment to the risk for both cancers. Cancer 2015;121:1265–1272. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Distributed space‐time block codes with embedded adaptive AAF/DAF elements and opportunistic listening for multihop power line communication networks
Authors: Tseng Shu‐Ming , Lee Te‐Lun , Ho Yo‐Chain , Tseng Der‐Feng 
Published: March 2015

SummaryWe consider the multihop power line communication (PLC) networks of one source, two repeaters, and one destination. In the previous scheme, when the repeaters receive the retransmission data from the source, they use the traditional distributed space‐time block code (DSTBC) with all decode‐and‐forward (DAF) elements to transmit the data, and they do not consider the incorrect decoding. The original contribution is that we propose a novel DSTBC scheme with embedded adaptive DAF/amplify‐and‐forward (AAF) elements for data retransmission in multihop PLC networks with existing opportunistic listening (OL) protocols. The new scheme has two types (instead of only one type as in the previous scheme), and, in the second type, the coding matrix for data retransmission can use either all DAF elements or hybrid AAF/DAF elements depending on the correctness of OL results. The advantage is to avoid a loss of diversity because of incorrectly received data at the relays. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is shown in the simulation results. For the impulsive noise parameter δ = 0.8 and worst case background noise (narrowband interference and colored noise) at bit error rate 10−3, our proposed system has 1 dB gain over the previous scheme with the traditional DSTBC with all DAF elements. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatially variable habitat quality contributes to within‐population variation in reproductive success
Authors: Griffen Blaine D. , Norelli Alexandra P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVariation in habitat quality is common across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats. We investigated how habitat quality influenced the reproductive potential of mud crabs across 30 oyster reefs that were degraded to different extents. We further coupled this field survey with a laboratory experiment designed to mechanistically determine the relationship between resource consumption and reproductive performance. We show a >10‐fold difference in average reproductive potential for crabs across reefs of different quality. Calculated consumption rates for crabs in each reef, based on a type II functional response, suggest that differences in reproductive performance may be attributed to resource limitation in poor quality reefs. This conclusion is supported by results of our laboratory experiment where crabs fed a higher quality diet of abundant animal tissue had greater reproductive performance. Our results demonstrate that spatial variation in habitat quality can be a considerable contributor to within‐population individual variation in reproductive success (i.e., demographic heterogeneity). This finding has important implications for assessing population extinction risk.
Altered dynamics of broad‐leaved tree species in a Chinese subtropical montane mixed forest: the role of an anomalous extreme 2008 ice storm episode
Authors: Ge Jielin , Xiong Gaoming , Wang Zhixian , Zhang Mi , Zhao Changming , Shen Guozhen , Xu Wenting , Xie Zongqiang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractExtreme climatic events can trigger gradual or abrupt shifts in forest ecosystems via the reduction or elimination of foundation species. However, the impacts of these events on foundation species' demography and forest dynamics remain poorly understood. Here we quantified dynamics for both evergreen and deciduous broad‐leaved species groups, utilizing a monitoring permanent plot in a subtropical montane mixed forest in central China from 2001 to 2010 with particular relevance to the anomalous 2008 ice storm episode. We found that both species groups showed limited floristic alterations over the study period. For each species group, size distribution of dead individuals approximated a roughly irregular and flat shape prior to the ice storm and resembled an inverse J‐shaped distribution after the ice storm. Furthermore, patterns of mortality and recruitment displayed disequilibrium behaviors with mortality exceeding recruitment for both species groups following the ice storm. Deciduous broad‐leaved species group accelerated overall diameter growth, but the ice storm reduced evergreen small‐sized diameter growth. We concluded that evergreen broad‐leaved species were more susceptible to ice storms than deciduous broad‐leaved species, and ice storm events, which may become more frequent with climate change, might potentially threaten the perpetuity of evergreen‐dominated broad‐leaved forests in this subtropical region in the long term. These results underscore the importance of long‐term monitoring that is indispensible to elucidate causal links between forest dynamics and climatic perturbations.
Seed weight and germination behavior of the submerged plant Potamogeton pectinatus in the arid zone of northwest China
Authors: Li Zhongqiang , Lu Wei , Yang Lei , Kong Xianghong , Deng Xuwei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVariation in seed weight is common within and among plant species, but few studies have attempted to document the pattern of seed weight and germination attributes for aquatic macrophytes at a large scale. This study examined within‐species variation in seed weight and germination attributes and the effects of environmental factors on seed traits of the submerged plant Potamogeton pectinatus in the arid zone of northwest China. Our results showed that the average seed weight was 0.24 g per 100 seeds with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 28.4% among the eight P. pectinatus populations. The total germination fraction of seeds of P. pectinatus was relatively poor, less than 35% in seven P. pectinatus populations, and the lowest germination percentage found was only 2%. There were significant differences in seed weight, time to onset of germination, and total germination fraction among the eight different populations. Hierarchical partitioning analysis showed a strongly positive correlation between seed weight and water temperature and pH. Seed weight and the maternal environmental factors significantly affected both time to initiation of germination and total germination fraction. Our results suggest that (1) seed weight variation in P. pectinatus primarily is the result of temperature variation during fruit development; (2) relatively poor germination fraction suggests that seeds are relatively unimportant in the short‐term survival of populations and that it may be another adaptive trait allowing plants to take place in the right place and at the right time, especially in harsh environment; and (3) variation in seed germination traits should be determined by local environmental and intrinsic factors that interact in a complex fashion.
Facile Synthesis of ZnO–Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for NO2 Gas Sensing Applications
Authors: Kumar Nagesh , Srivastava Arvind Kumar , Patel Hari Shankar , Gupta Bipin Kumar , Varma Ghanshyam Das 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGraphene and its exotic forms have been widely recognized as exceptional materials for gas‐sensing applications because of their extraordinary electrical conductivity and large surface area to volume ratios. Herein, chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and zinc oxide–reduced graphene oxide (ZrGO) nanocomposite powders have been successfully synthesized through a simple hydrolysis method followed by annealing in ambient N2 gas. The reduction of graphene oxide by hydrazine hydrate and the decoration of the graphene surface by ZnO nanoparticles have occurred during the synthesis process. The prepared samples were characterized by various microscopic techniques to explore the surface morphology and uniformity. Spectroscopic techniques were used to investigate the quality of the as‐synthesized powder samples as well as the extent of graphitization of the samples. Coil sensors with two Pt terminals and a heating element have been designed to extensively monitor the effect of temperature on the electrical and gas‐sensing properties of the rGO and ZrGO nanocomposite samples. The ZrGO nanocomposites possess better electrical and NO2 gas sensing properties than the pristine rGO. The ZrGO nanocomposite sensor exhibits a high response (ca. 32 %) for 50 ppm NO2 at relatively low temperature (50 °C). Our results suggest that the ZrGO nanocomposite material could be used to fabricate a new generation of low‐power portable NO2 sensors.
Structural Influencing Factors on ZnII/CdII Coordination Polymers Based on Tri‐pyridyl‐bis‐amide: Assembly, Structures, Fluorescent Sensing and Selective Photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Xiu‐Li , Chen Nai‐Li , Liu Guo‐Cheng , Lin Hong‐Yan , Zhang Ju‐Wen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFourteen new ZnII/CdII coordination polymers tuned by semi‐rigid “V”‐like tri‐pyridyl‐bis‐amide ligands with different spacers and different dicarboxylates co‐ligands, namely, {[Zn(L1)(mip)]·H2O}n (1), {[Zn2(L1)2(hip)2]·H2O}n (2), {[Zn(L1)(oba)]·H2O}n (3), {[Zn(L1)(chda)]·H2O}n (4), {[Cd2(L1)(mip)2(H2O)]·2H2O}n (5), {[Cd(L1)(hip)]·4H2O}n (6), {[Cd(L1)(oba)]·H2O}n (7), {[Cd3(L1)(chda)3]·4H2O}n (8), [Zn(L2)(mip)]n (1a), {[Zn(L2)(hip)(H2O)]·3H2O}n (2a), [Zn(L2)(oba)]n (3a), {[Cd(L2)(hip)]·3H2O}n (6a), {[Cd(L2)(oba)]·H2O}n (7a), [Cd(L2)(chda)]n (8a), [L1 = N,N′‐di(pyridin‐3‐yl)pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxamide, L2 = N,N′‐di(pyridin‐3‐yl)pyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxamide, H2mip = 5‐methylisophthalic acid, H2hip = 5‐hydroxyisophthalic acid, H2oba = 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoic acid), H2chda = trans‐1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid] have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Complexes 1–4 based on the same L1 ligand and ZnII ion show various structures. Complex 1 features a two‐dimensional (2D) network, which consists of a linear [Zn‐mip]n chain and [Zn‐L1]n left‐, right‐handed helixes. Complex 2 is a twofold interpenetrating 2D→2D network. In complex 3, Zn2(L1)2 loops were connected by oba anions creating a 1D channel‐like structure. Complex 4 is a 2D layer containing [Zn‐chda]n right‐handed helixs and Zn2(L1)2 loops. Complexes 5–8 with CdII ion exhibit different structures. Complex 5 features a 1D belt structure based on Cd4(COO)4 subunits. However, complex 6 exhibits a 2D network constructed from [Cd‐hip]n ladder‐like chains and Cd2(L1)2 loops. Complex 7 shows a 1D double chain structure containing [Cd‐oba]n zigzag chain and [Cd‐L1]n meso‐right‐handed helix. Complex 8 exhibits a 2D network based on 2D [Cd‐chda] layer and 1D [Cd‐L1]n meso‐helical chain. For complexes 1a–8a based on L2 ligand, complex 1a is a 2D layer containing [Zn‐mip]n linear chain and [Zn‐L2]n meso‐helical chain. The structure of complex 2a is very similar to that of 3. Complex 3a exhibits a 2D grid network containing 1D [Zn‐oba]n and [Zn‐L2]n chains. Complex 6a shows a 2D layer based on [Cd2(hip)2]n double chain and [Cd‐L2]n chain. The structure of complex 7a is very similar to that of 7. Complex 8a is a 3,5‐connected 3D framework with the Schläfli symbol of (42.65.83)(42.6), which is constructed from [Cd‐L2]n channel‐like chains and chda linkers. The structural diversity of the title complexes indicates that the tri‐pyridyl‐bis‐amide ligands with different spacers, the dicarboxylates and central metals play important roles in tuning the dimensionalities and structures of the target complexes. The title complexes exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity and selectivity for organic dyes degradation under UV light. In addition, fluorescent sensing behaviors of 3, 6, 7 and 7a toward different organic solvents have been investigated in detail.
Exfoliation of Bulk Inorganic Layered Materials into Nanosheets by the Rapid Quenching Method and Their Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Chakravarty Disha , Late Dattatray J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report herein the results of our investigations on the synthesis of transition‐metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductor layered materials of MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2 by the rapid quenching method. The bulk powders were added to deionized water in a polypropylene tube and subsequently flushed with argon gas. Thirty rapid freezing (30 s in a liquid nitrogen bath) and heating (20 min in an oil bath at 60 °C) cycles were then carried out. The reaction product was obtained in a yield in excess of 60 wt.‐%, which indicates that the method can be utilized on an industrial scale for the production of 2D nanosheets. The as‐synthesized products were then characterized by TEM, which revealed nanosheet‐like morphologies. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the high quality of the nanosheet samples. The exfoliated samples also showed good electrochemical performance. Of the TMDC samples investigated, the WSe2 nanosheets were found to give the best performance due to their uniform morphology, large surface area, and fewest number of defects.
Solvent‐Dependent Iodoargentate Hybrids: Syntheses, Structural Diversity, Thermochromism, and Photocatalysis
Authors: Yu Tanlai , Shen Junju , Wang Yilin , Fu Yunlong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCharge‐balanced by protonated pyridine, four iodoargentate hybrids, [(Hpy)(Ag2I3)]n (1, 2D), {[(Hpy)2·dmf][Ag6I8]}n (2, 2D), {[(Hpy)2·H2O][Ag3I5]}n (3, 1D) and [(Hpy)(Ag5I6)]n (4, reported 3D) (Hpy+ = protonated pyridine, dmf = N,N‐dimethylformamide), were synthesized in the system comprising pyridine/AgI/HI/solvent (solvent: acetone for 1, DMF for 2, acetone/H2O for 3, and acetonitrile for 4). Structural analysis revealed the significant influence of the solvent on the assembly and crystallization of the iodoargentate hybrids. Noteworthy, compounds 2–4 reveal a good structural match between the structure‐directing agents and the inorganic frameworks. The band gaps of 1–4 (2.93, 3.05, 2.99, and 2.71 eV for 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively) also exhibit an intense correlation between the structural features of the hybrids and their photocatalytic properties in the degradation of rhodamine B under UV‐light irradiation. Moreover, compound 4 shows interesting thermochromism owing to its temperature‐dependent intermolecular charge transfer.
A Chemoselective and Modular Post‐Synthetic Multi‐Functionalization of NHC–Platinum Complexes
Authors: Dahm Georges , Borré Etienne , Guichard Gilles , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report oxime ligation in combination with metal ligand exchange as a novel orthogonal and practical approach to the multifunctionalization of NHC–platinum complexes. This strategy, which enables strong diversity enhancement of metallodrug candidates, could also be applied to selective bioconjugation.
Pyrimidine‐Derived Prolinamides as Recoverable Bifunctional Organocatalysts for Enantioselective Inter‐ and Intramolecular Aldol Reactions under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Vizcaíno‐Milla Pascuala , Sansano José M. , Nájera Carmen , Fiser Béla , Gómez‐Bengoa Enrique 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChiral L‐prolinamides 2 containing the (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐trans‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine scaffold and a 2‐pyrimidinyl unit are synthesized and used as general organocatalysts for intermolecular and intramolecular aldol reactions with 1,6‐hexanedioic acid as a co‐catalyst under solvent‐free conditions. The intermolecular reaction between ketone–aldehyde and aldehyde–aldehyde must be performed under wet conditions with catalyst (S,S)‐2b at 10 °C, which affords anti‐aldols with high regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivities. For the Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert reaction, both diastereomers of catalyst 2 give similar results at room temperature in the absence of water to give the corresponding Wieland–Miescher ketone and derivatives. Both types of reactions were scaled up to 1 g, and the organocatalysts were recovered by extractive workup and reused without any appreciable loss in activity. DFT calculations support the stereochemical results of the intermolecular process and the bifunctional role played by the organocatalyst by providing a computational comparison of the H‐bonding networks occurring with catalysts 2a and 2b.
Capillary zone electrophoresis method for the direct determination of amino acids in recombinant human erythropoietin preparations used for the treatment of anemia
Authors: de Souza Crespo Izabel Cristina , de Resende Matheus Troina , Pereira Netto Annibal Duarte , de Carvalho Marques Flávia Ferreira 
Published: March 2015

A method based on CZE for the determination of glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine in a biopharmaceutical formulation containing recombinant human erythropoietin was developed. The separation was achieved within less than 5 min, using a fused‐silica capillary column (55 cm × 50 μm id) and 30 mmol/L phosphate buffer at pH 11.5, containing 0.6 mmol/L CTAB and 10% v/v methanol, as BGE solution. Applied potential of –25 kV, temperature of 15°C and hydrodynamic injection time of 15 s, at 50 mbar, were employed. The detection of the analytes was carried out without any derivatization reaction, at 220 nm using an UV‐DAD detector. Linear ranges from 50 to 2500 mg/L and quantification limits of 40, 39, and 37 mg/L were obtained for glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine, respectively. Sample preparation required only a dilution step. Considering peak area and migration time values, the method presented good repeatability (RSD <1.7%; n = 9) and intermediate precision (RSD <1.0%; n = 6). Recovery evaluation using a commercial sample led to values between 97.5 ± 5.2% and 101.5 ± 4.6%, demonstrating the feasibility of the method, which was successfully applied in the quantification of the amino acids of interest in biopharmaceutical samples.
In‐source fragmentation and correlation analysis as tools for metabolite identification exemplified with CE‐TOF untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Godzien Joanna , Armitage Emily G. , Angulo Santiago , Martinez‐Alcazar Mari Paz , Alonso‐Herranz Vanesa , Otero Abraham , Lopez‐Gonzalvez Angeles , Barbas Coral 
Published: March 2015

The role of non‐targeted metabolomics with its discovery power is constantly growing in many different fields of science. However, its biggest advantage of uncovering the unexpected is turning into one of its biggest bottlenecks, particularly in metabolite identification. Among different methods for metabolite identification or ID confirmation, tandem MS analysis plays a very important role. However, this method is limited to only certain types of MS analysers, making for example TOF‐MS inaccessible for this type of metabolite identification. To overcome this, in‐source fragmentation has been used to fragment molecules and obtain product ions. Since the molecule of interest is not isolated prior to its fragmentation, the acquired spectrum contains many different signals arising from the fragmentation of all compounds present in the sample. Therefore, to assign product ions to their precursors, a novel use of correlation analysis was tested with r ≥0.9 as an assignation of a product ion belonging to the precursor. This method and chosen cut‐off was tested on three different sample complexity levels: conducting the analysis on a single standard, mix of co‐eluting standards and on a plasma sample. Obtained results clearly proved the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for metabolite ID confirmation. Moreover, the proposed strategy can be successfully applied for semi‐quantification of co‐eluting molecules with the same monoisotopic mass but that differ in fragmentation pattern. The proposed methodology can greatly improve the robustness and throughput of identification in metabolomics studies by use of TOF‐MS, which is crucial to obtain meaningful and trustful results.
Antioxidative responses during germination in quinoa grown in vitamin B‐rich medium
Authors: Pitzschke Andrea , Fraundorfer Anna , Guggemos Michael , Fuchs Norbert 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSynthetic vitamin preparations have grown in popularity to combat health risks associated with an imbalanced diet, poor exercise and stress. In terms of bioavailability and diversity, they lack behind vitamins naturally occurring in plants. Solutions to obtain plant‐derived vitamins at a larger scale are highly desirable. B vitamins act as precursors of enzymatic cofactors, thereby regulating important metabolic processes both in animals and plants. Because during plant germination, the vitamin content and micronutrient availability increase, sprouts are generally considered a healthier food as compared to dry grains. Germination only occurs if a plant′s antioxidant machinery is sufficiently activated to cope with oxidative stress. Seeds of quinoa, an edible gluten‐free plant naturally rich in minerals, germinate readily in a solution containing the eight B vitamins. We studied biochemical changes during quinoa germination, with a focus on nutritionally relevant characteristics. The results are considered from a nutritional and plant physiological perspective. Germination of quinoa in vitamin‐rich medium is a promising strategy to enhance the nutritional value of this matrix. Additional health‐beneficial effects indirectly resulting from the vitamin treatment include elevated levels of the multi‐functional amino acid proline and a higher antioxidant capacity. Plant biomolecules can be better protected from oxidative damage in vivo.