bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mechanistic modeling and data assimilation framework for Mojave Desert ecohydrology
Authors: Ng Gene‐Hua Crystal , Bedford David R. , Miller David M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study demonstrates and addresses challenges in coupled ecohydrological modeling in deserts, which arise due to unique plant adaptations, marginal growing conditions, slow net primary production rates, and highly variable rainfall. We consider model uncertainty from both structural and parameter errors and present a mechanistic model for the shrub Larrea tridentata (creosote bush) under conditions found in the Mojave National Preserve in southeastern California (USA). Desert‐specific plant and soil features are incorporated into the CLM‐CN model by Oleson et al. (2010). We then develop a data assimilation framework using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to estimate model parameters based on soil moisture and leaf‐area index observations. A new implementation procedure, the “multisite loop EnKF,” tackles parameter estimation difficulties found to affect desert ecohydrological applications. Specifically, the procedure iterates through data from various observation sites to alleviate adverse filter impacts from non‐Gaussianity in small desert vegetation state values. It also readjusts inconsistent parameters and states through a model spin‐up step that accounts for longer dynamical time scales due to infrequent rainfall in deserts. Observation error variance inflation may also be needed to help prevent divergence of estimates from true values. Synthetic test results highlight the importance of adequate observations for reducing model uncertainty, which can be achieved through data quality or quantity.
Patterns in ritual tooth avulsion at Roonka
Authors: Durband Arthur C. , Littleton Judith , Walshe Keryn 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTTooth avulsion is the intentional removal of one or more teeth for ritual or aesthetic reasons, or to denote group affiliation. Typically the maxillary incisors are the teeth most often selected for removal. Previous authors have discussed the presence of tooth avulsions in several individuals recovered from Roonka, but those papers did not examine any patterns in those removals that might be present. Analysis of the tooth avulsions at Roonka reveals a change in the practice over time, with the older burials from phase II typically showing removal of both maxillary central incisors with a left side bias when only one tooth is removed, and the more recent phase III burials showing only one incisor avulsed and a right side bias for removal. Frequencies in the practice also changed over time, with avulsions being much more common in the older phase II burials. Historical evidence suggests that any particular regional or social group would have its own particular pattern of tooth avulsion, so these changes in tooth avulsions at Roonka suggest that the site was either used by multiple groups of people for burials, or that there was significant cultural change during the occupation of the site. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:479–485, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organozinn(IV)‐beladenes mesoporöses SiO2 als biokompatible Strategie bei der Krebstherapie
Authors: Bulatović Mirna Z. , Maksimović‐Ivanić Danijela , Bensing Christian , Gómez‐Ruiz Santiago , Steinborn Dirk , Schmidt Harry , Mojić Marija , Korać Aleksandra , Golić Igor , Pérez‐Quintanilla Damian , Momčilović Miljana , Mijatović Sanja , Kaluđerović Goran N. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDas große therapeutische Potenzial eines Organozinn(IV)‐beladenen nanostrukturierten SiO2 (SBA‐15pSn) wird am Beispiel der Rückbildung eines durch B16‐Zellen induzierten Melanoms bei syngenen C57BL/6‐Mäusen demonstriert. Neben Apoptose als grundlegendem Mechanismus der Antitumorwirkung einer Vielzahl von Chemotherapeutika ist der entscheidende Vorteil dieses mesoporösen zinnhaltigen Materials das Auslösen der Zelldifferenzierung – ein Effekt, der weder für metallbasierte Zytostatika noch für mesoporöse Materialien alleine bisher beobachtet wurde. Dieser nichtaggressive Wirkungsmechanismus ist hochwirksam gegen Tumorzellen aber im gewählten Konzentrationsbereich nichttoxisch für normales Gewebe. JNK‐unabhängige Apoptose (JNK: Jun amino‐terminal kinase), begleitet von der Bildung des melanozytenartigen nichtproliferativen Phänotyps der überlebenden Zellen demonstriert das außergewöhnliche Potenzial von SBA‐15pSn zur Unterdrückung von Tumorwachstum ohne eine unerwünschte kompensatorische Proliferation der erkrankten Zellen als Antwort auf den Zelltod in ihrer Nachbarschaft.
Organotin(IV)‐Loaded Mesoporous Silica as a Biocompatible Strategy in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Bulatović Mirna Z. , Maksimović‐Ivanić Danijela , Bensing Christian , Gómez‐Ruiz Santiago , Steinborn Dirk , Schmidt Harry , Mojić Marija , Korać Aleksandra , Golić Igor , Pérez‐Quintanilla Damian , Momčilović Miljana , Mijatović Sanja , Kaluđerović Goran N. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe strong therapeutic potential of an organotin(IV) compound loaded in nanostructured silica (SBA‐15pSn) is demonstrated: B16 melanoma tumor growth in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice is almost completely abolished. In contrast to apoptosis as the basic mechanism of the anticancer action of numerous chemotherapeutics, the important advantage of this SBA‐15pSn mesoporous material is the induction of cell differentiation, an effect unknown for metal‐based drugs and nanomaterials alone. This non‐aggressive mode of drug action is highly efficient against cancer cells but is in the concentration range used nontoxic for normal tissue. JNK (Jun‐amino‐terminal kinase)‐independent apoptosis accompanied by the development of the melanocyte‐like nonproliferative phenotype of survived cells indicates the extraordinary potential of SBA‐15pSn to suppress tumor growth without undesirable compensatory proliferation of malignant cells in response to neighboring cell death.
Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative CC Bond Cleavage for CN Bond Formation: From Ketones to Amides
Authors: Tang Conghui , Jiao Ning 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA novel copper‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative C(CO)C(alkyl) bond cleavage reaction of aryl alkyl ketones for CN bond formation is described. A series of acetophenone derivatives as well as more challenging aryl ketones with long‐chain alkyl substituents could be selectively cleaved and converted into the corresponding amides, which are frequently found in biologically active compounds and pharmaceuticals.
Evaluation of optimal operation alternatives of reactors used for d‐glucose oxidation in a bi‐enzymatic system with a complex deactivation kinetics
Authors: Maria Gheorghe , Crisan Mara 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOne essential engineering problem when developing an industrial enzymatic process concerns the choice of the reactor alternative based on a priori knowledge on process and (free vs immobilized) enzyme characteristics, materials, and operation costs. For a multi‐enzymatic system, involving complex interactions among enzymes that exhibit optimal activity on different parametric domains and a high‐order deactivation, this problem requires an extended analysis. The study aims at extending the use of a modular simulation platform by approaching the optimization of complex multi‐enzymatic systems. An optimal constructive and operating alternative is determined for the case study of the complex oxidation of d‐glucose to 2‐keto‐d‐glucose in the presence of oxygen 2‐oxidoreductase (P2Ox, EC 1.1.3.10) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), by comparatively analyzing various enzymatic reactor models (simple batch, batch with intermittent addition of enzyme, semi‐batch reactor, continuously operated packed‐bed column, or mechanically agitated reactor with enzyme immobilized on support). Optimal reactor choice is based on the minimum amount of required P2Ox that ensures an imposed reaction conversion and reactor productivity under various technological constraints, by testing two temperatures (25 and 30 °C) and various catalase/P2Ox ratios (0–300/1 U U−1). © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nylon 6/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites: Effect of the melt‐compounding conditions and nanotube content on the morphology, mechanical properties, and rheology
Authors: Puch Florian , Hopmann Christian 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe effect of the melt‐compounding conditions with the use of a corotating intermeshing twin‐screw extruder and of the nanotube content on the morphology and the mechanical and rheological properties of nylon 6/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites was investigated. The melt‐compounding conditions affected the morphology, but the variations in the morphology did not necessarily result in substantial variations in the mechanical and rheological properties. The mass throughput had the strongest influence on the mechanical properties, whereas the MWCNT feeding substantially affected the rheology. The increase in the MWCNT volume content from 0.0 to 3.5 vol % led to an increase in the Young's modulus, whereas the tensile strength, elongation at break, and notched impact strength exhibited maximum values around 0.5 to 1.0 vol %. With increasing MWCNT volume contents, higher complex viscosities and storage and loss moduli and a lower loss factor compared to neat nylon 6 were observed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40893.
Polyurethane electrospun mats strengthened and toughened by physically blended polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
Authors: Hao Wentao , Fang Caiping , Yu Jixian , Zhang Liang , Xue Teng , Yang Wen 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIn this work, polyfunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with glycidyl ether groups was physically blended with end‐capped polyurethane (PU) to improve the mechanical strength of PU electrospun mats. It was found that not only the tensile strength was elevated, but also the elongation‐at‐break was greatly improved. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results suggested that no chemical reaction happened, and there was no hydrogen bonding between POSS and PU, but the mobility of the PU chains was restricted. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that POSS aggregated inside the PU electrospun fibers. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed apparent die‐swelling, indicating that the elasticity of PU chains was enhanced. This was always the result of strengthened chain–chain interactions. From the experimental observations, it was speculated that a physical polymer–particle network was established through attachment of PU chains onto the POSS nanoparticles and embedment of PU chains inside the POSS aggregates, which results in the simultaneous improvements in strength and extensibility. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40902.
Nonlinear optical materials by electrospinning technique
Authors: De Matteis Fabio , Fanicchia Francesco , Lamastra Francesca Romana , Stracci Glauco , De Angelis Roberta , Prosposito Paolo , Nanni Francesca , Casalboni Mauro 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe possibility of using electrospinning to deposit, and simultaneously electrically pole, polymeric mats containing nonlinear optical (NLO) molecules is studied. Disperse Red 1 (DR1) chromophore dispersed into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) fibers is chosen as test system. Aligned fibers of DR1/PMMA are deposited by means of the rotating collector electrospinning technique. The processing parameters are optimized to obtain an oriented texture of fibers and the NLO activity is characterized by means of second harmonic generation measurements. Comparison with spin coating and corona poling samples of the same material is discussed. The results point toward a low efficiency of chromophore orientation for the electrospun samples in comparison to the poled ones. An improvement in the electrospinning apparatus is proposed to enhance the chromophore orientation in the polymeric fibers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40913.
Chemical Constituents from the Heartwood of Haematoxylon campechianum as Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Lin Li‐Gen , Xie Hua , Wang Yi‐Tao , Ding Jian , Ye Yang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn a previous study, we showed that a series of homoisoflavonoids from the stems of Haematoxylon campechianum possess potent protein tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity. In a further chemical investigation of the heartwood of H. campechianum, three new homoisoflavonoids, epihematoxylol B (2), 10‐O‐methylhematoxylol B (3), and 10‐O‐methylepihematoxylol B (4), were isolated and identified, together with 15 known compounds, including three homoisoflavonoids, three flavonoids, six lignans, and three unsaturated fatty acids. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR and other spectroscopic analyses.
Design and Synthesis of Fmoc‐Thr[PO(OH)(OPOM)] for the Preparation of Peptide Prodrugs Containing Phosphothreonine in Fully Protected Form
Authors: Qian Wen‐Jian , Lai Christopher C. , Kelley James A. , Burke Terrence R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe design and efficient synthesis of N‐Fmoc‐phosphothreonine protected by a mono‐(pivaloyloxy)methyl (POM) moiety at its phosphoryl group (Fmoc‐Thr[PO(OH)(OPOM)]‐OH, 1, is reported. This reagent is suitable for solid‐phase syntheses employing acid‐labile resins and Fmoc‐based protocols. It allows the preparation of phosphothreonine (pThr)‐containing peptides bearing bis‐POM‐phosphoryl protection. The methodology allows the first reported synthesis of pThr‐containing polypeptides having bioreversible prodrug protection, and as such it should be useful in a variety of biological applications.
Antifungal Bromophenols from Marine Red Alga Symphyocladia latiuscula
Authors: Xu Xiuli , Yin Liyuan , Gao Junhai , Gao Lijie , Song Fuhang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThree new highly brominated polyphenols, 1–3, together with one known bromophenol, 4, were isolated from the EtOH extract of a marine red alga Symphyocladia latiuscula collected from the coast of Qingdao, P. R. China. Their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic experiments (NMR and MS) and comparison with literature data. Compounds 3 and 4 showed activities against the Candida albicans with the MIC values of 25 and 12.5 μg/ml, respectively.
Application of Two‐Way Hierarchical Cluster Analysis for the Identification of Similarities between the Individual Lipid Fractions of Lucilia sericata
Authors: Gołębiowski Marek , Sosnowska Anita , Puzyn Tomasz , Boguś Mieczysława I. , Wieloch Wioletta , Włóka Emilia , Stepnowski Piotr 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe composition of the cuticular and internal lipids of larvae and pupae of Lucilia sericata was studied using chromatographic techniques. The lipids from both stages of L. sericata had similar free fatty acid (FFA) profiles and also contained alcohols and cholesterol. The range of the number of C‐atoms detected for these classes of compounds was to some extent similar in larvae and pupae, but the relative amounts of each class differed between stages. Saturated as well as unsaturated FFAs with even and odd numbered C‐atom chains were present in both cuticular and internal lipids. The alcohol fractions of L. sericata were represented by free, straight‐chain primary alcohols containing an even number of C‐atoms. The lipid composition of male and female L. sericata adults and the hydrocarbon composition of all stages of L. sericata had previously been analyzed. To have a full overview of the lipid composition and to identify similarities or dissimilarities between the individual lipid fractions in this insect species, two‐way hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed using also the data from these previous publications. The content of FFA 18 : 1 (n‐9) was noticed to be very high in the cuticular fractions of larvae and pupae as well as in all internal fractions (male, female, larvae, and pupae) and low in the cuticular fractions of male and female imago. The contents of FFAs 16 : 0 and 16 : 1 (n‐9), cholesterol, and the n‐alkanes n‐C31, n‐C29, n‐C27, n‐C25, and n‐C23 varied between particular fractions, whereas the amounts of other compounds were similar in all fractions.
Suppression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression by Nyasol and Broussonin A, Two Phenolic Compounds from Anemarrhena asphodeloides, through NF‐κB Transcriptional Regulation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Jin Lee Eun , Chung Hwa‐Jin , Pyee Yuna , Hong Ji‐Young , Joung Youn Ui , Seo Eun‐Kyoung , Kook Lee Sang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAnemarrhena asphodeloides is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, and is known to possess antidiabetic and anti‐inflammatory properties. Because inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays an important role in inflammation, we investigated the inhibitory effects of two known phenolic compounds, nyasol (1) and broussonin A (2), from A. asphodeloides, on iNOS and its plausible mechanism of action. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Compounds 1 and 2 also suppressed the expressions of iNOS protein and mRNA. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interferon‐β (IFN‐β). They also inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF‐κB and degradation of IκB‐α, as well as the activation of Akt and ERK in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In in vivo animal model, compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited TPA‐induced mouse ear edema. These results suggest that 1 and 2 suppress LPS‐stimulated iNOS expression at the transcriptional level through modulating NF‐κB and down‐regulation of the Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings indicate that the suppressive effects of 1 and 2 on iNOS expression might provide one possible mechanism for their anti‐inflammatory activities.
Fluorescent Visualization of Src by Using Dasatinib‐BODIPY
Authors: Vetter Michael L. , Zhang Zijuan , Liu Shuai , Wang Jinhua , Cho HaeYeon , Zhang Jianming , Zhang Wei , Gray Nathanael S. , Yang Priscilla L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMany biological experiments are not compatible with the use of immunofluorescence, genetically encoded fluorescent tags, or FRET‐based reporters. Conjugation of existing kinase inhibitors to cell‐permeable fluorophores can provide a generalized approach to develop fluorescent probes of intracellular kinases. Here, we report the development of a small molecule probe of Src through conjugation of BODIPY to two well‐established dual Src‐Abl kinase inhibitors, dasatinib and saracatinib. We show that this approach is not successful for saracatinib but that dasatinib‐BODIPY largely retains the biological activity of its parent compound and can be used to monitor the presence of Src kinase in individual cells by flow cytometry. It can also be used to track the localization of Src by fixed and live‐cell fluorescence microscopy. This strategy could enable generation of additional kinase‐specific probes useful in systems not amenable to genetic manipulation or could be used together with fluorescent proteins to enable a multiplexed assay readout.
One‐year follow‐up of patients treated with new‐generation polymer‐based 38 mm everolimus‐eluting stent: The P38 study
Authors: Sgueglia Gregory A. , Belloni Flavia , Summaria Francesco , Conte Micaela , Cortese Bernardo , Silva Pedro Leon , Ricci Roberto , Lioy Ernesto , Pucci Edoardo , Gaspardone Achille 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the clinical outcome at 1‐year follow‐up of real‐world patients with long coronary lesions treated with the 38 mm Xience Prime (Abbott Vascular) everolimus‐eluting stent (EES).BackgroundLong‐lesions present special challenges to the interventional cardiologists, including increased risk of restenosis, periprocedural injury, geographical miss, and stent deliverability. Indeed, results obtained with shorter stent in the treatment of simpler lesions are of limited applicability to longer stents.MethodsConsecutive patients presenting with a long coronary lesion treated by percutaneous coronary intervention with at least one implanted 38 mm EES were enrolled in the study. Their clinical data were prospectively registered. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as a composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (according to the Universal Definition) and target vessel revascularization. Stent thrombosis was defined according to the Academic Research Consortium criteria.ResultsOverall, 203 real‐world patients (152 men, 68 ± 9 years) were enrolled in the P38 Study. At 1‐year follow‐up, 6 (3.0%) patients had died from cardiac causes, 7 (3.4%) had a nonfatal myocardial infarction and 8 (3.9%) underwent target vessel revascularization, yielding a 10.3% cumulative rate of MACE. Two patients had a stent thrombosis (one definite and one probable). No significant differences in event rates were found between patients with and without an additional stent implanted overlapping the 38 mm one.ConclusionsThe use of a new‐generation polymer‐based 38 mm EES in a real‐world population with unselected long lesions is associated with excellent procedural results and good clinical outcomes at 12‐month follow‐up. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Initial experience with the cook formula balloon expandable stent in congenital heart disease
Authors: Quandt Daniel , Ramchandani Bharat , Bhole Vinay , Penford Gemma , Mehta Chetan , Dhillon Rami , Stumper Oliver 
Published: May 2014

IntroductionBalloon expandable stents are an integral part in the catheter treatment of congenital heart disease. In the growing child, stents require dilatation to greater diameters over time. The Cook Formula stent is a recent 316 stainless steel open‐cell design licensed for peripheral vascular work.MethodsFollowing extensive ex vivo studies, 112 stents were implanted in 97 children [median age 3.9 (0.01–17.6) years; median weight 13.7 (2.4–62.8) kg] over a 27‐month (Oct 2011–Dec 2013) period.ResultsBench testing revealed that there was no stent shortening for dilatation to nominal diameter and beyond. The 5 mm stents could be dilated up to 10 mm, and the 10 mm stents to 20 mm. Stents were implanted through 4–7F sheaths or guide catheters over appropriate wires. Stent tracking and delivery was excellent. Twenty‐three stents were implanted in the right ventricular outflow tract in Fallot‐type lesions, 53 for branch pulmonary artery stenosis (22 post cavopulmonary shunt/Fontan), 14 conduit stenosis, 13 Fontan fenestrations, 3 PDA in hybrid stage I Norwood, 5 in coarctation, and 1 for SVC obstruction. Sixty‐one stents (54%) were overdilated. There were no stent fractures. Radial strength was very good, whereas stent conformability was limited.ConclusionsThe Cook Formula stent is a premounted balloon‐expandable stent that can be significantly overdilated with virtually no shortening allowing for precise placement and minimal protrusion into adjacent vessels. The Formula stent is a very versatile addition to the range of stents for use in the catheter treatment of complex congenital heart disease in children. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.