bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difficulties in Planning Among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Relative Consequence of Deficits in Information Processing Speed
Authors: Owens Emily M. , Denney Douglas R. , Lynch Sharon G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPrevious studies show that MS patients take longer than healthy controls to plan their solutions to Tower of London (TOL) problems but yield conflicting results regarding the quality of their solutions. The present study evaluated performance under untimed or timed conditions to assess the possibility that differences in planning ability only occur when restrictions in solution times are imposed. MS patients (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 43) completed a computerized version of the TOL under one of two conditions. In the untimed condition, participants were allowed as much time as needed on each problem. In the timed condition, limits were imposed on solution times and time remaining was displayed with each problem. Patients exhibited longer planning times than controls, and the disparity between groups increased with problem difficulty. Planning performance depended upon condition. In the untimed condition, patients and controls performed equally well. When solution times were restricted, however, patients solved fewer problems than controls. MS patients’ planning ability is intact when permitted sufficient time to formulate the required plan. Deficiencies in planning are only evident when time is restricted, and, therefore, are more accurately considered a relative consequence of disease-related problems in information processing speed. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–8)
Factor Structure of Neurocognition and Functional Capacity in Schizophrenia: A Multidimensional Examination of Temporal Stability
Authors: Harvey Philip D. , Raykov Tenko , Twamley Elizabeth W. , Vella Lea , Heaton Robert K. , Patterson Thomas L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAlthough neurocognition is commonly described in terms of different functional domains, some factor analytic studies have suggested a simpler dimensional structure for neuropsychological (NP) tests in patients with schizophrenia. Standardized tasks of everyday functioning, or tests of “functional capacity” (FC), are viewed differently from traditional NP tests, and are hence used as a co-primary measure in treatment studies. However, FC and NP tests have been found to be highly correlated. In fact, a recent study of ours suggested that performances on these different types of tasks constituted a single latent trait in a cross-sectional analysis. The current study examined the longitudinal factor structure of a combined set of NP and FC tests. Patients with schizophrenia (n= 195) were examined at two assessment occasions separated by periods ranging from 6 weeks to 6 months. Participants were assessed with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and two performance-based assessments of FC. A single latent trait was extracted using full information maximum likelihood procedures, and its temporal stability was examined in terms of: stability of the latent trait scores, the inter-correlations of the three indicators of the latent trait, and the stability of loadings for the FC and NP items underlying the latent trait at the two measurement occasions. All indices of temporal stability were confirmed, with stability not related to follow-up duration. Variation in clinical symptoms and treatments across the measurement occasions was negligible. These findings raise the question of whether cognitive abilities measured by NP tests and FC instruments are tapping a single ability construct, which might have shared causal influences as well. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–8)
Nurses’ misperceptions of weight status associated with their body weight, demographics and health status
Authors: Zhu Daqiau , Norman Ian J , While Alison E 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the agreement between self-perceived weight status and BMI status, calculated from self-reported height and weight, in nurses and to evaluate the relationship between weight status misperceptions and personal body weight, demographics and health status.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire survey.SettingA large university in London, UK.SubjectsFour hundred and fifty-six student nurses and 588 qualified nurses attending university were surveyed; 355 student nurses and 409 qualified nurses completed questionnaires representing a response rate of 78 % and 70 %, respectively.ResultsThe respondents were mainly female (90·0 %), 66·5 % were white and their mean age was 31 years. Sixty-eight per cent of qualified nurses and 77 % of student nurses correctly perceived their weight status. In logistic regression, (mixed) black ethnicity (OR = 2·53, 95 % CI 1·01, 6·32), overweight by BMI (OR = 3·10, 95 % CI 1·31, 7·33) and ≥3 family histories of obesity co-morbidities (OR = 2·51, 95 % CI 1·04, 6·08) were significantly associated with misperceptions in the sample of student nurses, whereas overweight by BMI (OR = 5·32, 95 % CI 2·66, 10·67) was the only significant variable in the sample of qualified nurses.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of nurses misclassified their weight status. Nurses’ misperception of weight status was related to their own BMI status, ethnic background and obesity-related family histories. Being aware of this may help nurses not only promote their own healthy weight, but also fulfil their public health role to practise weight management successfully with both patients and the public. While limitations of the sample mean that the study findings cannot be generalized, they do provide grounds for future larger-scale research.
Replacement of meat and dairy by plant-derived foods: estimated effects on land use, iron and SFA intakes in young Dutch adult females
Authors: Temme Elisabeth HM , van der Voet Hilko , Thissen Jac TNM , Verkaik-Kloosterman Janneke , van Donkersgoed Gerda , Nonhebel Sanderine 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveReduction in the current high levels of meat and dairy consumption may contribute to environmental as well as human health. Since meat is a major source of Fe, effects on Fe intake need to be evaluated, especially in groups vulnerable to negative Fe status. In the present study we evaluated the effects of replacing meat and dairy foods with plant-based products on environmental sustainability (land requirement) and health (SFA and Fe intakes) in women.DesignData on land requirements were derived from existing calculation methods. Food composition data were derived from the Dutch Food Composition Table 2006. Data were linked to the food consumption of young Dutch women. Land requirements and nutrient intakes were evaluated at baseline and in two scenarios in which 30 % (Scenario_30 %) or 100 % (Scenario_100 %) of the dairy and meat consumption was randomly replaced by the same amount of plant-based dairy- and meat-replacing foods.SettingThe Netherlands.SubjectsThree hundred and ninety-eight young Dutch females.ResultsReplacement of meat and dairy by plant-based foods benefited the environment by decreasing land use. The intake of SFA decreased considerably compared with the baseline situation. On average, total Fe intake increased by 2·5 mg/d, although most of the Fe intake was from a less bioavailable source.ConclusionsReplacement of meat and dairy foods by plant-based foods reduced land use for consumption and SFA intake of young Dutch females and did not compromise total Fe intake.
A TWO-STRAIN EPIDEMIC MODEL WITH UNCERTAINTY IN THE INTERACTION
Authors: ROBERTS M. G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAnnual epidemics of influenza A typically involve two subtypes, with a degree of cross-immunity. We present a model of an epidemic of two interacting viruses, where the degree of cross-immunity may be unknown. We treat the unknown as a second independent variable, and expand the dependent variables in orthogonal functions of this variable. The resulting set of differential equations is solved numerically. We show that if the population is initially more susceptible to one variant, if that variant invades earlier, or if it has a higher basic reproduction number than the other variant, then its dynamics are largely unaffected by cross-immunity. In contrast, the dynamics of the other variant may be considerably restricted.
Outflow from Hot Accretion Flows
Authors: Yuan Feng , Bu Defu , Wu Maochun 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNumerical simulations of hot accretion flows have shown that the mass accretion rate decreases with decreasing radius. Two models have been proposed to explain this result. In the adiabatic inflow-outflow solution (ADIOS), it is thought to be due to the loss of gas in outflows. In the convection-dominated accretion flow (CDAF) model, it is explained as because that the gas is locked in convective eddies. In this paper we use hydrodynamical (HD) and magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations to investigate which one is physical. We calculate and compare various properties of inflow (gas with an inward velocity) and outflow (gas with an outward velocity). Systematic and significant differences are found. For example, for HD flows, the temperature of outflow is higher than inflow; while for MHD flows, the specific angular momentum of outflow is much higher than inflow. We have also analyzed the convective stability of MHD accretion flow and found that they are stable. These results suggest that systematic inward and outward motion must exist, i.e., the ADIOS model is favored. The different properties of inflow and outflow also suggest that the mechanisms of producing outflow in HD and MHD flows are buoyancy associated with the convection and the centrifugal force associated with the angular momentum transport mediated by the magnetic field, respectively. The latter mechanism is similar to the Blandford & Payne mechanism but no large-scale open magnetic field is required here. Possible observational applications are briefly discussed.
High Speed Optical Photometry of LMXBs and CVs
Authors: Mason Paul A. , Robinson Edward L. , Gomez Sebastian , Gonzalez Emmanuel , Lopez Isaac D. , Monroy Lorena , Price Alex 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHigh speed photometry of several accreting binaries was obtained using the McDonald Observatory 2.1m telescope and ARGOS CCD photometer. A broad-band filter (BVR) was used in order to maximize flux and maintain a short (1-10s) integration time on faint targets. Such observations obtained over several years allow for variability study over time scales covering many orders of magnitude. Observations and analysis for several binaries are summarized.
Accretion disc variability in AGN
Authors: Arévalo Patricia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe central engine of AGN is too compact to be observed directly so its structure has to be inferred through the combination of spectral and variability information. Here we study the connection between optical-emitting accretion disc and X-ray emitting corona of the Seyfert NGC3783. Short light curves are consistent with optical fluctuations arising from X-ray reprocessing, but the long-term fluctuations found over the course of several years prove that at least long-term optical variability is not produced by the X-rays: at time-scales longer than 1 year the variability power in the optical is higher than in the X-rays. This indicates variability originating in the thin accretion disc itself, therefore capable of revealing its characteristics.
Wave modes from the magnetorotational instability in accretion discs
Authors: Di Bernardo Giuseppe , Torkelsson Ulf 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe magnetorotational instability (MRI) is widely believed to be the source of turbulence in accretion discs. This turbulence is responsible for the anomalous angular momentum transport in accretion discs. The turbulence will affect other aspects of the dynamics of the disc as well, and we will concentrate on two such issues: a) what kind of oscillations can be excited by the turbulence itself, and b) how the turbulence is interacting with modes that have been excited by some other agent. This is of interest in understanding the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) that have been observed in the X-ray light curves of accreting neutron star and black hole binaries. We carry out local three dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a keplerian differentially rotating accretion disc, using a shearing box configuration taking in account the effects of the vertical stratification.
The optical variability of radio-loud quasars
Authors: Gu Minfeng , Ai Y. L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe optical variability of a sample of 44 FSRQs and 18 SSRQs in the SDSS stripe 82 region is investigated by using the multi-epoch data covering nine years. The variabilities are clearly detected in each source with the amplitude in r band, from 0.18 to 3.46 mag. Twenty-five of 44 FSRQs show a bluer-when-brighter trend (BWB), while only one FSRQ shows a redder-when-brighter trend, which is in contrast to our previous results. Eight of 18 SSRQs display a BWB. We found an anti-correlation between the Eddington ratio and the variability amplitude in r band for SSRQs, which is similar to that in radio-quiet AGNs. This implies that the thermal emission from the accretion disk may be responsible for the variability in SSRQs.
INTERNATIONAL CONTEMPORARY ART FAIRS IN A ‘GLOBALIZED’ ART MARKET
Authors: Quemin Alain 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
This article examines the participation of art galleries at international contemporary art fairs (ICAFs) to evaluate what theories of cultural globalisation best describe this type of practice. For that purpose, it draws upon recent and original statistical data in order to examine the geographical distribution of major ICAFs worldwide, that is, their concentration in selected geographical locations, as well as the country of origin of the galleries participating in these events. This is intended to map out the workings of any territorial forms of dominance affecting the art market, seen both in the capability of a given country to organise one or more ICAFs and in that of art galleries to participate in such high profile events. The article firstly reviews relevant literature on cultural globalisation to outline, and also problematise, those interpretative models that can be applied to the particular case of ICAFs. Secondly, it provides and analyses new statistical data on ICAFs and gallery participation mentioned earlier. Thirdly, it examines how this data can be interpreted with the help of current theories of cultural globalisation. It concludes by arguing that the model best explaining the territorial dynamics of ICAFs is one that incorporates a notion of both centre and semi-peripheral domination on a vast periphery of countries including both Western and non-Western countries.
Aetiology of mitral regurgitation differentially affects 2‐year adverse outcomes after MitraClip therapy in high‐risk patients
Authors: Rudolph Volker , Lubos Edith , Schlüter Michael , Lubs Daniel , Goldmann Britta , Knap Malgorzata , de Vries Tjark , Treede Hendrik , Schirmer Johannes , Conradi Lenard , Wegscheider Karl , Reichenspurner Hermann , Blankenberg Stefan , Baldus Stephan 
Published: February 2013

AimsTo assess, and identify predictors of, 2‐year adverse outcomes of surgical high‐risk patients after successful MitraClip therapy (MC), differentiated by the aetiology of mitral regurgitation (MR).Methods and resultsKaplan–Meier analysis was used to assess survival free from death, heart failure rehospitalization, and reintervention up to 2 years in 202 successfully treated patients [74 ± 9 years, 132 men (65%); secondary MR aetiology in 140 patients, primary MR in 62]. Predictors for study endpoints were determined using Cox regression analyses. Mortality was 20% at 1 year and 33% at 2 years in both primary and secondary MR patients; independent predictors of death were reduced forward stroke volume, impaired LV function, and renal failure in primary MR, yet only an increased logistic EuroSCORE in functional MR patients. The rate of rehospitalizations was not different between the patient subgroups for 6 months, but then diverged significantly in favour of primary MR patients (estimated 2‐year incidence, primary MR 40% vs. secondary MR 66%). No predictor was found for primary MR patients, but increased LV end‐diastolic volume significantly increased the risk of rehospitalization in functional MR patients. Reinterventions were overall rare (7.4% at 1 year, 9.7% at 2 years); primary MR patients required all except one reintervention within 2 months of MC, with again no predictors found, whereas secondary MR patients (all except one with discharge MR of 2+) exhibited a steadily declining freedom from reintervention curve throughout follow‐up.ConclusionMR aetiology affects rehospitalization and reintervention, but not mortality, differently after successful MC.
AtMMS21, an SMC5/6 Complex Subunit, Is Involved in Stem Cell Niche Maintenance and DNA Damage Responses in Arabidopsis Roots
Authors: Xu Panglian , Yuan Dongke , Liu Ming , Li Chunxin , Liu Yiyang , Zhang Shengchun , Yao Nan , Yang Chengwei 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Plants maintain stem cells in meristems to sustain lifelong growth; these stem cells must have effective DNA damage responses to prevent mutations that can propagate to large parts of the plant. However, the molecular links between stem cell functions and DNA damage responses remain largely unexplored. Here, we report that the small ubiquitin-related modifier E3 ligase AtMMS21 (for methyl methanesulfonate sensitivity gene21) acts to maintain the root stem cell niche by mediating DNA damage responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Mutation of AtMMS21 causes defects in the root stem cell niche during embryogenesis and postembryonic stages. AtMMS21 is essential for the proper expression of stem cell niche-defining transcription factors. Moreover, mms21-1 mutants are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging agents, have a constitutively increased DNA damage response, and have more DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the roots. Also, mms21-1 mutants exhibit spontaneous cell death within the root stem cell niche, and treatment with DSB-inducing agents increases this cell death, suggesting that AtMMS21 is required to prevent DSB-induced stem cell death. We further show that AtMMS21 functions as a subunit of the STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE OF CHROMOSOMES5/6 complex, an evolutionarily conserved chromosomal ATPase required for DNA repair. These data reveal that AtMMS21 acts in DSB amelioration and stem cell niche maintenance during Arabidopsis root development.
Introgression of Novel Traits from a Wild Wheat Relative Improves Drought Adaptation in Wheat
Authors: Placido Dante F. , Campbell Malachy T. , Folsom Jing J. , Cui Xinping , Kruger Greg R. , Baenziger P. Stephen , Walia Harkamal 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRoot architecture traits are an important component for improving water stress adaptation. However, selection for aboveground traits under favorable environments in modern cultivars may have led to an inadvertent loss of genes and novel alleles beneficial for adapting to environments with limited water. In this study, we elucidate the physiological and molecular consequences of introgressing an alien chromosome segment (7DL) from a wild wheat relative species (Agropyron elongatum) into cultivated wheat (Triticum aestivum). The wheat translocation line had improved water stress adaptation and higher root and shoot biomass compared with the control genotypes, which showed significant drops in root and shoot biomass during stress. Enhanced access to water due to higher root biomass enabled the translocation line to maintain more favorable gas-exchange and carbon assimilation levels relative to the wild-type wheat genotypes during water stress. Transcriptome analysis identified candidate genes associated with root development. Two of these candidate genes mapped to the site of translocation on chromosome 7DL based on single-feature polymorphism analysis. A brassinosteroid signaling pathway was predicted to be involved in the novel root responses observed in the A. elongatum translocation line, based on the coexpression-based gene network generated by seeding the network with the candidate genes. We present an effective and highly integrated approach that combines root phenotyping, whole-plant physiology, and functional genomics to discover novel root traits and the underlying genes from a wild related species to improve drought adaptation in cultivated wheat.
Innovation and conformity: intersection of gender and ethnicity in hi‐tech organizations
Authors: Kushnirovich Nonna , Heilbrunn Sibylle 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for analyzing preference for innovation of different groups of hi‐tech workers according to their culture of origin and gender.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative survey was conducted online among veteran Israelis, immigrants from North America, Western countries and immigrants from the Former Soviet Union employed in 60 different high‐tech organizations.FindingsThe paper developed the application of Bourdieu's concept of habitus, adopting it to migration research and to understanding preference of changes and innovativeness. The authors also developed a framework for analyzing the preference of innovation according to workers’ gender and culture of origin. Based on the Entrepreneurial Drive Theory regarding preference for innovation and nonconformity of Florin et al., the authors determined four dimensions characterizing innovativeness.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this study was the relatively small number of participants interviewed. The paper focused on only two ethnic immigrant groups.Originality/valueThe study should contribute to migration research, but also to social research on innovation. It can help understand what (and how) shapes innovativeness, both in the migratory processes and among the native population of the host country. Such understanding can contribute to encourage innovativeness resulting in economic development.
3D printing and scanning at the Dalhousie University Libraries: a pilot project
Authors: Groenendyk Michael , Gallant Riel 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe how 3D printing and scanning technology was implemented by the Dalhousie University Libraries in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Insights will be outlined about the benefits of these technologies in terms of data visualization and archival practices, as well as the potential user base for library‐centered 3D printing and scanning services.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes why the Dalhousie University Libraries purchased a 3D printer and scanner, the challenges of maintaining these technologies and instructing students in their use, and how Dalhousie faculty members and students have made use of these technologies for their own research purposes.Findings3D printing and scanning technologies can be of use to a much wider range of Faculties than have traditionally had access to them. The unique role libraries have on university campuses allows them to function as universal access points for these technologies. By offering 3D scanning technology, they can also use this technology internally for archival purposes.Originality/valueWhile much has been written on 3D printing and scanning technology, very little has been written about how these technologies could relate to academic libraries. This paper sets the groundwork for further exploration into how 3D technologies can improve and expand library services.