bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin Tau Quantification as a Novel Biomarker in Huntington's Disease
Authors: Ruiz‐Barrio Iñigo , Vázquez‐Oliver Anna , Puig‐Davi Arnau , Rivas‐Asensio Elisa , Perez‐Perez Jesus , Fernandez‐Vizuete Cristina , Horta‐Barba Andrea , Olmedo‐Saura Gonzalo , Salvat‐Rovira Nil , Sampedro Frederic , Vacchi Elena , Melli Giorgia , Pagonabarraga Javier , Kulisevsky Jaime , Martinez‐Horta Saul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmerging research implicates tau protein dysregulation in the pathophysiology of Huntington's disease.ObjectiveThis study investigated skin tau quantification as a potential biomarker for Huntington's disease and its correlation with disease burden outcomes.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we measured skin tau levels using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 23 Huntington's disease mutations carriers and eight control subjects, examining group discrimination, correlations with genetic markers, clinical assessments, and neuroimaging data. Brain atrophy was quantified by both volumetric measurements from brain segmentation and a voxel‐based morphometry approach.ResultsOur findings showed elevated skin tau levels in manifest Huntington's disease compared with premanifest and healthy controls. These levels correlated with CAG repeat length, CAG‐Age‐Product score, composite Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale Total Motor Score, cognitive assessments, and disease‐related cortical and subcortical volumes, all independent of age and gender. Using skin tau levels in cluster analysis along with genetic and clinical measures led to improved subject stratification, providing enhanced distinction and validity of clusters.ConclusionsThis study not only confirms the feasibility of skin tau quantification in Huntington's disease but also establishes its potential as a biomarker for enhancing group classification and assessing disease severity across the Huntington's disease spectrum, opening new directions in biomarker research. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Instability of binary mixtures subjected to constant shear drained stress path: Insight from macro and micro perspective
Authors: Yan Zhouyi , Liu Yang , Zhao Debin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLoose granular materials may also exhibit instability behaviors similar to liquefaction under drained conditions, commonly referred to as diffuse instability, which can be studied through constant shear drained (CSD) tests. So far, the research on CSD in binary mixtures is still insufficient. Therefore, a series of numerical tests using the discrete element method (DEM) were conducted on binary mixtures under CSD path. The possible model of instability is categorized into type I and type II, type I instability occurs prior to reaching the critical state line (CSL), whereas type II instability occurs after exceeding the CSL. The study analyzes the macroscopic instability behavior and the impact of fine content (FC) on macroscopic instability behavior. The numerical results show that as FC increases, the slope of the instability line (IL) increases initially and then falls in the p‐q plane. In the e‐p plane, the IL decreases initially and then ascends. The instability type of the binary mixtures is influenced not only by relative density but also by FC. The stability index increased first and then decreased with the increase of FC. The microscopic origin of binary mixtures instability is explored by investigating the fabric‐stress relationship. The collapse of the weak contact sub‐network triggers the specimen instability, while the strong contact sub‐network dictates the difficulty of achieving instability. FC influences the evolution of fabric anisotropy of the strong and weak contact networks, thereby controlling the macroscopic instability behavior of binary mixtures.
Cost‐effectiveness of a primary care‐based Healthy Weight Clinic compared with usual care
Authors: Sharifi Mona , Fiechtner Lauren G. , Barrett Jessica L. , O'Connor Giselle , Perkins Meghan , Reiner Jennifer , Luo Mandy , Taveras Elsie M. , Gortmaker Steven L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to project the cost‐effectiveness of implementing the Healthy Weight Clinic (HWC), a primary care‐based intervention for 6‐ to 12‐year‐old children with overweight or obesity, at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) nationally.MethodsWe estimated intervention costs from a health care sector and societal perspective and used BMI change estimates from the HWC trial. Our microsimulation of national HWC implementation among all FQHCs from 2023 to 2032 estimated cost per child and per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained and projected impact on obesity prevalence by race and ethnicity. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses assessed uncertainty around estimates.ResultsNational implementation is projected to reach 888,000 children over 10 years, with a mean intervention cost of $456 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: $409–$506) per child to the health care sector and $211 (95% UI: $175–$251) to families (e.g., time participating). Assuming effect maintenance, national implementation could result in 2070 (95% UI: 859–3220) QALYs gained and save $14.6 million (95% UI: $5.6–$23.5 million) in health care costs over 10 years, yielding a net cost of $278,000 (95% CI: $177,000–$679,000) per QALY gained. We project greater reductions in obesity prevalence among Hispanic/Latino and Black versus White populations.ConclusionsThe HWC is relatively low‐cost per child and projected to reduce obesity disparities if implemented nationally in FQHCs.
Synthesis and rheological analyzes of temperature and light sensitive gels comprising amphiphilic azobenzene polymers, chitosan and pluronic F127
Authors: Alemdar Mahinur , Kirmic Cosgun Seyma Nur , Ceylan Deniz , Batu Hatice Kubra , Aydogan Temel Binnur 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the reinforcement of pluronic (PF127) based temperature responsive hydrogels with photosensitive functionalities to create smart and injectable materials. For this purpose, 4‐[4‐[(4‐phenyl)azo]phenoxy] methacrylate (PAzPMA) was synthesized and further polymerized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The structures of the copolymers were characterized by several techniques such as Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The azobenzene‐functionalized copolymer was combined with P127 solid polymer in micelle form and with P127 micelles in solid form to obtain PF127‐AzoMx and PF127‐AzoPx gels, respectively. When the temperature profiles of the PF127‐AzoMx and PF127‐AzoPx systems were compared with PF127, sol–gel phase transition were shifted to lower temperatures due to stronger hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, different concentrations of N,N,N‐trimethyl chitosan (f‐chitosan) were added to the gel systems and their rheological properties were investigated by exposing them to UV light. It has been observed that the presence and concentration of f‐chitosan are important for the variation of the interactions' strength between the micelles. The study highlights the potential of multifunctional hydrogels for specific biomedical applications that combine sensitivity to both thermal and optical stimuli for controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes.
Let it glow: Intraoperative visualization of pulmonary metastases using pafolacianine, a next‐generation fluorescent agent, for young adults undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy
Authors: Lehane Alison , Polites Stephanie F. , Dodd Ashley , Goldstein Seth D. , Lautz Timothy B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA new generation of disease‐specific molecular imaging agents is poised to revolutionize fluorescence‐guided surgery. Pafolacianine has been approved for adult lung and ovarian cancers. We demonstrate a proof of concept for pediatric surgeons treating young adults with pulmonary metastatic sarcomas. Five successful fluorescence‐guided pulmonary metastasectomy operations were performed in young adult patients with metastatic osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma following administration of pafolacianine. All osteosarcoma lesions identified using standard techniques were also markedly fluorescent in patients. Novel fluorescent molecular agents targeted to tumor‐specific receptors have promise of increased sensitivity and specificity for detecting metastatic nodules and enhancing surgical clearance of disease.
Application of low‐molecular‐weight polyethylene glycol‐modified silica in natural rubber composites
Authors: Li Biao , Xiao Yao , Huang Yinggang , Gong Zheng , Chen Yahui , Li Shaoming , Wang Chuansheng , Bian Huiguang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSilica serves as the primary filler in the fabrication of eco‐friendly tires, and achieving an optimal dispersion of polar silica within the natural rubber matrix is crucial for crafting high‐performance rubber composites. In this study, biodegradable surfactants polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molecular weights of 200, 400, and 800 were employed to modify silica. The modified silica was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy; PEG‐modified silica with different molecular weights was compounded with Si69, a conventional silane coupling agent, in the formulation. This aimed to reduce Si69 dosage and mitigate the emission of volatile organic gases, such as ethanol, generated during the silanization reaction between Si69 and silica. Experimental findings revealed that compared with natural rubber composites containing six parts of Si69, the addition of PEG‐modified silica enhanced filler dispersion in the composite while reducing Si69 dosage by three parts. This led to accelerated vulcanization rates, effectively decreased energy consumption during production, and significantly improved wet slip resistance, while maintaining optimal rolling resistance. Rubber composites prepared with PEG800‐modified silica exhibited a 10% increase in elongation at break, a 12% increase in tensile product coefficient, and a 19% enhancement in wet slip resistance.Highlights
Silica is modified by polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 200, 400, and 800.
The amount of silane coupling agent and VOC emissions are reduced.
The interfacial bonding between silica and rubber matrix is enhanced.
The tensile product coefficient and wet slip resistance are improved by 12% and 19%.
The dynamics and transport of ozone in the gas and liquid phase generated by air surface microdischarge plasma at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Liu Chen , Feng Chunlei , Wang Cuizhen , Chen Longwei , Ding Hongbin , Cui Xiaoqian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis contribution focuses on the spatial‐temporal behavior and reactive pathways of O3 produced by a surface air microdischarge in the gas and liquid phase using ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The findings demonstrate that mode transition from ozone to nitrogen oxide over time is observed at a constant input power higher than ~0.60 W/cm2. Due to the long‐lived characteristic and ionic wind, the perpendicular distribution of O3 is almost uniform. The maximum penetration depth is around 5 mm, and the gas–liquid mass transfer efficiency is approximately 0.4‱ at a depth of 1 mm, when the treatment time is 10 min. The mass transfer of O3 between gas and liquid phases is dominated by the liquid convention induced by ionic wind.
Simulation and Validation of a Novel Colorimetric Three‐Layer Intelligent Indicators With Different Binders to Monitor Freshness of Atlantic Bonito (Sarda sarda) Under Two Different Atmospheres
Authors: Al Obaidi Amal , Haskaraca Guliz , Ayhan Zehra , Gultekin Emre 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTReal‐time monitoring of spoilage/freshness of perishable food products using intelligent indicators under commercial packaging conditions is of interest. Thus, this study is aimed at fabricating intelligent indicators to determine the possibility of using developed indicators to monitor fish freshness packaged under real packaging conditions. Bromothymol blue (BTB) dye and two different binders (methyl cellulose [MC] and cellulose acetate [CA]) were used to fabricate four different indicators, with the addition of NaOH for carbon dioxide (CO2) or HCl for total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) sensitive indicators. The colour of produced indicators was observed during 10‐day simulations using CO2 and trimethyl amine (TMA) at different concentrations (0%–30% for both) at 4°C. BTB‐MC‐NaOH changed from blue to green at 15% CO2, while BTB‐CA‐NaOH changed from green to yellow at 25% CO2. Both BTB‐MC‐HCl and BTB‐CA‐HCl indicators changed colour completely at 15% TMA (BTB‐MC‐HCl from yellow to navy and BTB‐CA‐HCl from yellow to green). Indicators were used to monitor the spoilage of Atlantic bonito for 10 days at 4°C under two different modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions (30% CO2, 70% nitrogen (N2) and 100% N2). Headspace gas analysis, pH, TVB‐N, TMA, microbiology, sensory and colour analyses were conducted. For 30% CO2 70% N2, CO2‐sensitive indicators showed a colour change responding to CO2 used, while TVB‐N sensitive indicators showed no visible colour change since the TMA level in packages did not reach the spoilage threshold. Colour transition was also not clear in any of indicators under 100% N2‐packaging, since neither colour‐changing range of CO2 or TMA was reached.
A new multivariate gamma process model for degradation analysis
Authors: Song Kai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn reliability engineering, it is frequently encountered that multiple performance characteristics (PCs) deteriorate simultaneously. The associated degradation processes are usually dependent and exhibit some heterogeneity from unit to unit, which makes the multivariate degradation modeling and reliability evaluation more challenging. To this end, we propose a new multivariate gamma process model. This model introduces a multivariate random vector, whose joint distribution is constructed by marginal gamma distributions and a copula function, to describe the unit‐to‐unit variability and the dependence among PCs. Meanwhile, it does not require all PCs to be inspected at the same time points in contrast to the traditional copula‐based degradation models. In addition, two reliability evaluation methods are developed. Model parameters are estimated by the stochastic expectation maximization algorithm, and a three‐step procedure is provided to initialize this algorithm. Subsequently, numerical simulations are implemented to verify the proposed methods. Finally, two examples are provided for illustration, and it is shown that the proposed model and methods scale well to the degradation data with different numbers of PCs. What is more, comparisons with several benchmark models are performed, and the superiority of the proposed model is well demonstrated.
Sensitivity and reliability comparisons of EWMA mean control chart based on robust scale estimators under non‐normal process: COVID data application
Authors: Saeed Nadia , Bataineh Ala'a Mahmoud Falih , Abu‐Shawiesh Moustafa Omar Ahmed , Haddad Firas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRobust control charts are getting vital importance in statistical process control theory as they are insensitive to the departure from normality. Therefore, the main objective of current work is to determine the effects of non‐normal process on the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart. To achieve this goal, the sensitivity and reliability comparisons are made under the non‐normal process by comparing five robust M‐scale estimators, suggested in literature to modify the EWMA control limits for monitoring process mean and on the basis of percentile bootstrap estimator. The paper addresses the run length (RL) distribution of a robust EWMA control chart under the non‐normal process for which the exponential distribution is used as non‐normal process. The standard deviation of RL, out‐of‐control average run length (ARL), and shift detection probabilities are examined to assess the sensitivity and reliability of robust EWMA control charts for mean of monitoring process. The results of this research indicate that the classical EWMA control chart's performance is substantially impacted by the non‐normal distribution and the proposed EWMA control charts show higher sensitivity than classical one in terms of having smaller values of out‐of‐control ARLs. A real‐life example from the medical sciences field is provided the practical usage of the proposed control charts. The simulation analysis and practical example have shown that the suggested control charts are effective in quickly monitoring the out‐of‐control process.
Robustness of higher‐order network pertinent to first‐ and higher‐order dependency
Authors: Ren Cuiping , Chen Bianbian , Xie Fengjie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRobustness of higher‐order network (HON) with dependency is different from first‐order network (FON), as the attack orders and the number of iterations are totally different. To measure the robustness of HON with dependency, this study proposed new attack strategies on node and edge failure through measuring the size of the giant component and global efficiency. And two real‐world systems of hazardous materials transportation accident causation system and Chinese high‐speed railway system with different network size were empirically studied. Results show that HON is more fragile to robustness attacks than FON. The number of attack iterations is uncertain in HON, which depends on the attack strategies and the network structure. Meanwhile, nodes and edges with high dependency have greater impacts on network robustness, providing valuable insights into capturing critical information. This study may be helpful to design the robust system, improve the system's reliability and serve as a valuable reference for future exploration of HONs robustness.
Conductive hydrogels‐based self‐sensing soft robot state perception and trajectory tracking
Authors: Ma Jie , Han Zhiji , Li Mingge , Liu Zhijie , He Wei , Ge Shuzhi Sam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSoft robots face significant challenges in proprioceptive sensing and precise control due to their highly deformable and compliant nature. This paper addresses these challenges by developing a conductive hydrogel sensor and integrating it into a soft robot for bending angle measurement and motion control. A quantitative mapping between the hydrogel resistance and the robot's bending gesture is formulated. Furthermore, a nonlinear differentiator is proposed to estimate the angular velocity for closed‐loop control, eliminating the reliance on conventional sensors. Meanwhile, a controller is designed to track both structural and nonstructural trajectories. The proposed approach integrates advanced soft sensing materials and intelligent control algorithms, significantly improving the proprioception and motion accuracy of soft robots. This work bridges the gap between novel material design and practical control applications, opening up new possibilities for soft robots to perform delicate tasks in various fields. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sensing and control approach in achieving precise and robust motion control of the soft robot.
Who gets redeployed? Inventor characteristics and resource redeployment decisions
Authors: Kim Kyungsoo , Guler Isin , Karim Samina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryWhile the literature highlights the benefits of internally redeploying resources, there is less empirical guidance on which resources are most likely to be redeployed. We examine the relationship between inventor characteristics and redeployment decisions, motivated by the tension between costs and benefits of keeping a resource at the source unit versus moving it to a new target unit. We argue that inventors with inventive breadth are more likely to be redeployed, whereas broker inventors are less likely to be redeployed. Moreover, we consider two source‐unit characteristics that influence internal opportunity costs: resource slack and knowledge interdependence. We test our arguments on the redeployment of inventors following an exogenous profitability shift in the US petrochemical industry in 2012 and find support for our predictions.Managerial SummaryManagers move resources between business units to respond to profitability shocks, but which specific resources do they move? Examining the inter‐unit transfers (redeployments) of inventors between business units following the unexpected profitability disparity between ethylene‐based business units and others in the US petrochemical industry, we find that generalist inventors are more likely to be redeployed, while brokers in the collaboration network (inventors who connect others) are less likely to be redeployed. In addition, conditions that alter opportunity costs at the source unit matter. Larger proportions of generalists (and brokers) facilitate redeployment of either type, and knowledge interdependencies in the source unit mitigate redeployment.
A Homogeneous Janus Membrane Based on Functionalized MOFs Crosslinked by Aramid Nanofibers for Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Gu Jiapei , Ma Changning , Dong Chenxu , Shen Chunli , Ji Juan , Zhou Cheng , Xu Xu , Mai Liqiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered as promising candidates in the next generation of high energy density devices. However, the serious shuttle effect, irreversible dendrite growth of Li metal anode, and the potential safety hazard impede the practical application of LSBs. Herein, a novel homogeneous Janus membrane based on functionalized MOFs crosslinked by aramid nanofibers is designed and synthesized to simultaneously solve the above challenges in quasi‐solid‐state LSBs. The aramid nanofibers with good mechanical properties and thermal stability act as a homogeneous scaffold to crosslink the MOF particles with different ligands on both sides and this Janus membrane upgrades the stability and safety on both the cathode and anode. Specifically, the amino ligand‐decorated MOFs contribute to homogenize Li‐ion flux and stabilize the lithium anode, and the sulfonic ligand‐decorated MOFs effectively suppress the shuttle effect by the dual effects of chemical adsorption and electrostatic repulsion. The quasi‐solid‐state LSBs assembled with this homogeneous Janus membrane deliver excellent rate performance and cycling stability. Moreover, it exhibits a high initial capacity of 923.4 mAh g−1 at 1 C at 70 °C, and 697.3 mAh g−1 is retained after 100 cycles, indicating great potential for its application in high‐safety LSBs.