bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Probabilistic Assessment of Tophole Casing Design
Authors: Várady Filho C. A. F. , Tenório J. K. F. , Lima Junior E. T. , Santos J. P. L. , Dias R. , Cutrim F. S. 
Published: July 2024

Summary
The casing system plays a crucial role in the integrity of oil and gas wells throughout their life cycle, providing tightness, stability, and support to external loads. In this paper, we apply reliability-based models to the design of tophole casing sections, taking into account uncertainties associated with soil behavior and casing tubulars manufacturing. Typical load scenarios are addressed to estimate the probability of the occurrence of different soil-casing system failure modes.
Reliability-based techniques stand out as powerful solutions for structural analysis and design. This work assesses soil characterization data from piezocone tests (CPTu) to statistically describe some mechanical parameters used for conductor and surface casing design. Random variables associated with the material and geometrical properties of tubulars are also considered, based on tubular manufacturing data presented in API TR 5C3 (2018). The probabilistic models are developed by using the first-order reliability method (FORM), an expedited and accurate optimization-based procedure, and applied to various load scenarios to estimate failure probability in the context of tophole casing design. Finite element (FE) modeling is used for the integrity analysis of the soil-casing system.
Analyses have been carried out considering the variability associated with undrained soil strength evaluated from CPTu data, as this soil strength is expected to be the most relevant random variable due to its spatial heterogeneity. Other random variables taken into account are the outer diameter and wall thickness of casing tubulars, resulting from the variability in the manufacturing process. Results indicate the feasibility and relevance of the proposed FE-FORM analysis in estimating the probability of the occurrence of relevant failure modes defined following the oil company’s internal regulations, regarding: conductor casing load capacity, surface casing triaxial stress in the noncemented region, and wellhead displacement. For the specific case studies presented, failure probabilities ranged from the order of magnitude of 10-9 to inadmissible values approaching 50%. Concerning how random variables affect the probabilistic response, it is observed that the outer diameter is not significant due to its low dispersion.
The novelty consists of considering both in-situ soil information and casing manufacturing data in a reliability-based framework that enables a more robust structural integrity analysis, supporting the decision-making process in tophole design. This solution was implemented in the operator’s internal software and uses real data. Quantifying the soil and casing uncertainties by using a robust statistical-based methodology brings new information, enhancing knowledge about the variability of design parameters and its influence on the structural response.
An audit of corporate decarbonisation ambition against low-carbon futures.
Authors: Weaver Iain , Abrams Jesse F. , Oliver Jack , Dimakis Nikolaos , Parry Andrew , Lenton Timothy M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration has been steadily increasing since the 19th century, causing global warming. Despite efforts to reduce emissions, current projections anticipate a significant increase in global mean temperature by the end of the century, which may push us beyond a safe and just operating space. We must develop emissions pathways that take into account renewable technology innovation, climate policy development and consumer behavior change. In this manuscript we assess corporate emissions reduction ambition in the context of reduction pathways, and in doing so show that company reporting has reached a scale and quality that it can be used to supplement global emissions forecasting.
We find emissions disclosures of target-setting companies to account for roughly a fifth of global CO2 emissions and three-fifths of total market capitalisation. Of these, we find near-term targets to be consistent with the aggressive reduction requirements of the divergent net-zero scenario published by the Network for Greening the Financial System, but commitments to 2050 are lacking. There is a large disparity between the total market capitalisation of disclosing companies and the total emissions they cover, a disconnect which we emphasise must be addressed by future
Intact Amazon forests hit a record low gross primary productivity level in 2023-2024
Authors: Meunier Felicien , Boeckx Pascal , Botía Santiago , Bauters Marijn , Cherlet Wout , Ciais Philippe , De Hertog Steven , Dietze Michael , Peaucelle Marc , Sibret Thomas , Sitch Stephen , Li Wei , Verbeeck Hans 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In the Amazon, the dry season of 2023 as well as the beginning of the wet season in 2024 were marked by unprecedented high temperatures and large precipitation deficits. While the tropical forests in the Amazon play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and are a biodiversity hotspot, they were also shown to suffer from El-Niño related droughts in the past, leading to legitimate concerns about the ecological consequences of the recent climate conditions. To this day, while there is a growing effort to make remote sensing products available close to real-time, land surface models that are critical tools to understand the interactions between the biosphere and the environment have lagged behind the present due to the complexity to run and process large model ensembles. In this study, we employed advanced machine learning models trained on state-of-the-art remote sensing and dynamic global vegetation model estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP). The models provide near real-time GPP estimates, revealing significant productivity reductions during the 2023/2024 drought. Negative GPP anomalies were more widespread across the Amazon than during any other recent major drought event. The Climate-GPP relationships that emerged from the models suggest that future temperature increases and changes in precipitation will severely challenge Amazon forest resilience.
Enhancing American Sign Language Alphabet Recognition: A Fusion of Media Pipe and LSTM Technologies
Authors: Abhinav Pentamaraju , Vishwakarma Harshlata 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

With the advancement of today’s technologies in artificial intelligence, humans tend to use hand gestures in their communication to convey their ideas. Gesture recognition is an active area of research in the human-computer interface (HCI). Gesture recognition is important for communication between deaf-mute people, HCI, robot control, home automation, and medical applications. In this article, a simple and efficient vision-based approach for American Sign Language (ASL) alphabets recognition has been discussed to recognize both static and dynamic gestures. Media pipe introduced by Google had been used to get hand landmarks and a custom data set has been created and used for the experimental study. Hand gesture recognition has been done by using Long short-term memory (LSTM). The proposed system has been investigated with 26 alphabets and an accuracy of 99% has been achieved. This work can be used to convert hand gestures into text.
A Novel Electrocardiogram Denoising Method based on Convex fused-Lasso Denoising with Non-Convex Regularization and Wavelet/Total Variation
Authors: Rezgui Abdallah , Talbi Mourad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a new Electrocardiogram (ECG) denoising approach based on Convex fused lasso Denoising with non-convex regularization and Wavelet/Total Variation (WATV). This approach consists at first step of applying the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to the noisy ECG signal for obtaining a noisy approximation coefficient, cAb1 and a noisy details coefficient, cDb1. The latter is denoised by soft thresholding and we obtain a denoised details coefficient, cDd1. The second step of this approach consists of applying the DWT to cAb1 in order to obtain a noisy approximation coefficient, cAb2 and a noisy details coefficient, cDb2. The latter is denoised by Convex fused lasso denoising with non-convex regularization and we obtain a denoised details coefficient, cDd2. The coefficient, cAb2, is denoised by WATV based denoising technique and we obtain a denoised coefficient, cAd2. The inverse of DWT is then applied to cDd2 and cAd2 in order to obtain a denoised approximation coefficient, cAd1. The inverse of DWT is again applied to cDd1 and cAd1 for obtaining finally a denoised ECG signal. The performance of this proposed approach is proved by the computation of SNR, the PSNR, the MSE, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Cross-Correlation (CC).
Analysis of Land Use Changes and Driving Forces in Chuzhou City from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Yi Mingxuan , Liu Chong , Cong Pengfei , Gao Jichao , Xu Xinpo , Ma Tao , Zheng Lei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Land use change is an important driving factor for global environmental change. Clarifying its changing characteristics and driving factors is of great guiding significance for optimizing land use patterns, improving regional ecological environment, and increasing land use efficiency. This article is based on the grid data of land use in Chuzhou City from 2010, 2015, and 2020, ENVI and GIS software are used to preprocess the data. The land use transfer matrix and land use dynamic degree model are used, and combined with the actual land use situation in Chuzhou City, the characteristics of land use change in Chuzhou City from 2010 to 2020 are analyzed. On this basis, principal component analysis is used to analyze the driving forces of interannual changes in land use in Chuzhou City. The results show that from 2010 to 2020, the land use structure in Chuzhou City was still mainly composed of arable land, forest land, and construction land. The area of other types of land was relatively small, but the area of grassland decreased significantly. The area of construction land and unused land continued to increase, with construction land showing the largest increase; In the past 10 years, the land use structure in Chuzhou City has undergone significant changes, with a smaller difference in area between different land use types and a trend towards balanced land use structure; The main driving factors of land use change in Chuzhou City are rapid economic development and agricultural production productivity.
Study on the stability of sandy soil slopes under freeze-thaw cycle - A case study of slopes in Zengsheng Township, Fuyu City
Authors: Wu Yuehua , Lang Qiuling , Zhang Yichen , Zhang Jiquan , Cao Yang , Li Haoying 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In order to study the damage law of sandy soil slopes in Zengsheng Town, Fuyu City under freeze-thaw cycle conditions, this paper analyses the strength characteristics of sandy soil in the study area under different freeze-thaw cycle conditions by both indoor tests and numerical simulations, and analyses the effects of different water content and different clay content on the stability of sandy soil slopes. The soil samples in the study area were subjected to straight shear test under different freeze-thaw cycle conditions to obtain the strength change rule and calibration of the microscopic parameters according to the experimental results; the discrete element particle flow software was used to simulate the damage characteristics of the slopes under different freeze-thaw cycle conditions and the evolution of the slope damage by artificially removing the soil at the foot of the slope after the landslide. The research results show that:(1) The cohesion of soil samples decreases with the increase of water content;(2) The cohesion of soil samples increases with the increase of clay content, and the cohesion of soil samples gradually decreases with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, and the higher the clay content, the greater the decrease of cohesion;(3) Failure firstly appeared plastic point near the end point of the fissure at the bottom of the slope, and then tensile fracture occurred and gradually developed upward, and ultimately, the fall-type failure occurred.
Slow earthquakes as rockbursts: evidence from subsurface rock pressure-stress accumulation and release modeling and time-domain seismic wave decomposition
Authors: He Zonglu , Oka Takamitsu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The sensitivity of slow earthquakes to weak tidal stress perturbations suggests that weak external perturbations may be involved in inducing slow earthquakes. Here, we model subsurface rock pressure-stress accumulation and release, suggesting that repetitive pulses of intermittent rockburst energy from moderately divergent Brownian motion resulting from the accumulation of pore pressures and stresses can lead to slow-slip pulsed ruptures and episodic tremors. Sustained weak external perturbations through fault zones/subducted slabs can lead to internal pressure stress accumulation in specific rocks, which is the key to repetitive rockbursts. To validate this theoretical derivation, we developed a time-domain seismic wave decomposition method to extract seismic radiant energy and other components from seismic waves by simulating seismic wave propagation, which is impossible with existing methods. The data of Japan's strong earthquakes from 2001-2021 show that the preseismic events are consistent with the main characteristics of slow earthquakes and that there is a significant positive/negative correlation between seismic peak energy and preseismic moments/subduction periods, which supports the theoretical derivation. The energy pulses emitted by rockbursts show a diurnal cycle consisting of two semidiurnal cycles, which provides evidence that tidal semidiurnal cycles, diurnal temperature differences, diurnal geomagnetic variations, and intermittent dehydrating fluids induce slow earthquakes.
Identification of Anoikis-Related Prognostic Genes and Construction of a Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Single-Cell and Bulk Transcriptomic Analysis
Authors: Tang Xiaowei , Zhou Xueqin , Huang Shu , Ma Xinyue , Luo Bei , Zhang Wei , Shi Lei , Lv Muhan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, posing a serious threat to human health and life. Extensive research into cell death mechanisms has revealed a link between anoikis and the development and progression of HCC. However, the specific mechanisms remain unclear.
Methods
We used AddModuleScore, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify anoikis-related genes at both single-cell and bulk transcriptome levels. An eight-gene prognostic model for HCC was constructed and validated in training and validation sets. We also examined differences between high-risk and low-risk groups in clinical pathological characteristics, single-cell features, gene mutation landscapes, immune microenvironments, responses to immunotherapy, and chemotherapy drug sensitivity.
Results
We successfully constructed a prognostic model for HCC containing eight AnoRGs (SLC2A2, ANXA2, ATP1B3, YWHAH, YWHAB, MAPRE1, ARPC2, and SMS), which demonstrated excellent performance in various aspects of prognostic prediction. Comparing the concordance index (C-index) of our model with those of previous studies, our model achieved the highest C-index, indicating superior predictive performance. Additionally, M0 macrophages may be associated with poor prognosis in HCC. Differences in biological functions, mutation profiles, and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment were observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups.
Conclusion
Our study constructed an anoikis-related signal based on single-cell and bulk RNA data, providing a promising tool for predicting prognosis, targeted prevention, and personalized drug treatment in HCC.
ALSSA-PID control-based wheel-side motor control system for four-wheel-drive electric vehicles
Authors: XU Xiaoguang , DING Jiale , XIAO Ping , WANG Miao , ZHANG Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

To enhance the response speed and accuracy of the motor in a four-wheel side motor-driven electric vehicle for improved vehicle handling stability, this paper proposes a chaotic adaptive sparrow-optimized PID control algorithm. Firstly, the structural principles of the four-wheel side motor-driven electric vehicle are analyzed. A mathematical model and a simulation model of the electric vehicle are established, and the accuracy of the model is verified through simulation experiments. Subsequently, the traditional sparrow algorithm is improved using Logistic-Tent chaotic mapping, adaptive search parameters, and the Levy flight strategy. These modifications enable the algorithm to escape local optima and achieve better convergence speed and accuracy. Based on these improvements, the ALSSA-PID control algorithm is developed, and the motor model is simulated and tested. Finally, a physical control platform for the wheel-edge motor is constructed to test the control algorithm. The results indicate that the rise time of the ALSSA-PID control algorithm is reduced by an average of 40.59% and 5.66% compared to open-loop control and SSA-PID control at various control speeds, respectively, while the stabilization time is reduced by an average of 27.72% and 15.59%. These findings demonstrate that the proposed control algorithm significantly improves the control performance of the wheel-edge motor control system.
Prevalence of Bovine Hydatidosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Nekemte Municipal Abattoir Western, Ethiopia
Authors: Muhammed Abdu , Tamiru Yobsan , Kenei Felmata , Zenu Nezif 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Across-sectional study was performed at the Nekemte municipal abattoir, Western Ethiopia from October 2016 to August 2017 with the aims of finding to determine the prevalence of bovine hydatid cyst, assess the related risk factors and evaluate organ level of distributions of the cysts.. An ante mortem and postmortem examination was performed as usual on all 220 chosen slaughtered cattle. The organs of systemically selected cattle were evaluated by visual inspection and palpation. Of the total number inspected 44 (20%) had one or more hydatid cysts in one or more of their organs harbored hydatid cysts. Both age and sex of the cattle were significantly associated with the prevalence of bovine hydatidosis (X2=5.928: P=0.015 and X2=4.086: P=0.043, respectively) among the risk factors evaluated. 44(20.%) of the 220 animals evaluated were positive for hydatidosis. In terms of organ distribution, the liver accounted for 27(61.4%), the lung for 16 (36.3%), and the spleen for 1(2.3%).34(55.8%) of the 62 cysts counted and characterized were found in the liver, 27(53.6%) in the lung, and 1(2.3%) in the spleen.22 (35.5%) of the 62 cysts collected were calcified, and 31 (50%) were found to be fertile. Of 7(22.6%) of the 31 fertile cysts were discovered in the liver,23(74.2%) in the lung, and 1(2.3%) in the spleen. Hydatidosis is still one of the most critical diseases that need to be given careful consideration for prevention and control measures in the East Wollega zone, even with the moderate level of infection currently detected. This is because there appears to be a socioeconomic environment that is conducive for the disease. Therefore, the installation of regulated, well-equipped abattoirs, public awareness campaigns, and stray dog control are crucial.
Questionnaire Survey on Cervical Cancer Screening and HPV Awareness among Patients at a Local Cancer Center in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Kazuto , Kigure Keiko , Nishimura Toshio , Yamashita Soichi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

【Background】 The incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is increasing in Japan. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cancer screening are crucially involved in the prevention of cancer-related mortality. However, in 2022, the cervical cancer screening rate in Japan was only ≈43.6%. This study aimed to conduct an epidemiological analysis of cervical cancer by collecting data from individual patients.
【Methods】A questionnaire survey was administered to patients who visited our hospital between January 2017 and July 2023 due to abnormal cervical cytological findings or a cancer diagnosis. Patients answered questions regarding their history of cervical cancer screening as well as knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer.
【Results】During the study period, 471 patients participated in the survey, with 35 declining to participate. Patients with Stage 1b1–4b primarily sought medical attention due to self-reported symptoms (P<0.001); however, they were less likely to have undergone cervical cancer screening (P<0.001). Additionally, older patients were less likely to be aware of the association of HPV with cervical and other cancers. Notably, 28 out of 129 patients with stage 1b1–4b cancer underwent cervical cancer screening within 2 years. The tumor location within the endocervical canal emerged as a significant factor contributing to false-negative results; further, non- squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histology was another possible factor.
【Conclusions】Our findings suggest the need to widely disseminate information regarding the significance of cancer screening in order to increase cancer screening rates. Moreover, it is important to establish strategies for minimizing false-negative results in screening for non-SCC and endo-cervical canal tumors.
From an Azaarene to the Spine of Fused Bicyclics: Cycloaddition-Induced Scaffold Hopping of 5-Hydroxypyrazoles
Authors: Wu An-Xin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Skeleton editing for heteroarenes, especially pyrazoles, is challenging and remains scarce due to these non-strained aromatics feature inert reactivities therefore relatively inactive to perform a dearomatization/cleavage sequence. Herein, we disclose a cycloaddition-induced scaffold hopping of 5-hydroxypyrazoles to access pyrazolopyridopyridazin-6-one skeleton in a single-operation protocol. By converting a five-membered azaarene into a five-unit spine of a 6/6 fused-bicyclics, this work has unlocked a new ring-opening reactivity of pyrrole core that involves a formal C = N bond cleavage while retaining the highly reactive N-N bond in the resulting product. A [4 + 2] cycloaddition of a temporary dearomatized 5-hydroxypyrrole with an in situ generated aza-1,3-diene and a follow-up oxidative C-N bond cleavage accounted for the domino pathway. A library of pyrazolopyridopyridazin-6-one, which are medicinally relevant nitrogen-atom-rich tricyclics, was obtained efficiently from readily available materials.
A climate change signal in the tropical Pacific emerges from decadal variability
Authors: Jiang Feng , Seager Richard , Cane Mark 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Recent debates have centered around whether the La Niña-like sea surface temperature (SST) trend pattern in the tropical Pacific in the past several decades is a response to anthropogenic forcings or internal variability, particularly the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). This study identifies an emerging SST warming pattern in the tropical Pacific featuring a narrow equatorial cooling band, in stark contrast to the meridionally broad SST trend pattern shaped by the IPO. The emerging SST trend pattern is associated with changes in subsurface temperature structure and sea level height that are distinct from those related to the recurrent IPO. The differences are primarily driven by their different surface wind stress patterns. The emerging wind stress pattern also drives distinctive ocean dynamical processes, fostering the unique eastern Pacific cooling. Our findings set a path to distinguish the often-tangled tropical Pacific climate change signals from internal variability through the underlying dynamics of each. MAIN TEXT