bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting Translational Research on Inherited Cardiomyopathies through Information Technology
Authors: Gabetta M. , Milani G. , Bucalo M. , Mulas F. , Nuzzo A. , Favalli V. , Arbustini E. , Bellazzi R. , Larizza C. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryObjectives: The INHERITANCE project, funded by the European Commission, is aimed at studying genetic or inherited Dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) and at understanding the impact and management of the disease within families that suffer from heart conditions that are caused by DCMs. The biomedical informatics research activity of the project aims at implementing information technology solutions to support the project team in the different phases of their research, in particular in genes screening prioritization and new gene-disease association discovery.Methods: In order to manage the huge quantity of scientific, clinical and patient data generated by the project several advanced biomedical informatics tools have been developed. The paper describes a layer of software instruments to support translation of the results of the project in clinical practice as well as to support the scientific discovery process. This layer includes data warehousing, intelligent querying of the phenotype data, integrated search of biological data and knowledge repositories, text mining of the relevant literature, and case based reasoning.Results: At the moment, a set of 1,394 patients and 9,784 observations has been stored into the INHERITANCE data warehouse. The literature database contains more than 1,100,000 articles retrieved from the Pubmed and generically related to cardiac diseases, already analyzed for extracting medical concepts and genes.Conclusions: After two years of project the data warehouse has been completely set up and the text mining tools for automatic literature analysis have been implemented and tested. A first prototype of the decision support tool for knowledge discovery and gene prioritization is available, but a more complete release is still under development.
The Role of Taxonomies in Social Media and the Semantic Web for Health Education
Authors: Konstantinidis S. , Fernandez-Luque L. , Karlsen R. , Bamidis P. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryBackground: An increasing amount of health education resources for patients and professionals are distributed via social media channels. For example, thousands of health education videos are disseminated via You-Tube. Often, tags are assigned by the disseminator. However, the lack of use of standardized terminologies in those tags and the presence of misleading videos make it particularly hard to retrieve relevant videos.Objectives: i) Identify the use of standardized medical thesauri (SNOMED CT) in You-Tube Health videos tags from preselected YouTube Channels and demonstrate an information technology (IT) architecture for treating the tags of these health (video) resources. ii) Investigate the relative percentage of the tags used that relate to SNOMED CT terms. As such resources may play a key role in educating professionals and patients, the use of standardized vocabularies may facilitate the sharing of such resources. iii) Demonstrate how such resources may be properly exploited within the new generation of semantically enriched content or learning management systems that allow for knowledge expansion through the use of linked medical data and numerous literature resources also described through the same vocabularies.Methods: We implemented a video portal integrating videos from 500 US Hospital channels. The portal integrated 4,307 YouTube videos regarding surgery as described by 64,367 tags. BioPortal REST services were used within our portal to match SNOMED CT terms with YouTube tags by both exact match and non-exact match. The whole architecture was complemented with a mechanism to enrich the retrieved video resources with other educational material residing in other repositories by following contemporary semantic web advances, in the form of Linked Open Data (LOD) principles.Results: The average percentage of YouTube tags that were expressed using SNOMED CT terms was about 22.5%, while one third of YouTube tags per video contained a SNOMED CT term in a loose search; this analogy became one tenth in the case of exact match. Retrieved videos were then linked further to other resources by using LOD compliant systems. Such results were exemplified in the case of systems and technologies used in the mEducator EC funded project.Conclusion: YouTube Health videos can be searched for and retrieved using SNOMED CT terms with a high possibility of identifying health videos that users want based on their search criteria. Despite the fact that tagging of this information with SNOMED CT terms may vary, its availability and linked data capacity opens the door to new studies for personalized retrieval of content and linking with other knowledge through linked medical data and semantic advances in (learning) content management systems.
Emasculation increases seed set in the bird‐pollinated hermaphrodite Kniphofia linearifolia (Xanthorrhoeaceae): Evidence for sexual conflict?
Authors: Duffy Karl J. , Patrick Kirsten L. , Johnson Steven D. 
Published: February 2013

• Premise of the study: Hermaphroditism in plants can lead to gender conflicts, such as pollen discounting—the loss of siring opportunities following self‐pollination, and ovule discounting—the loss of seed production opportunities when self‐pollen tubes disable ovules through early inbreeding depression or late‐acting self‐incompatibility. If ovules are discounted by self‐pollination, it can be predicted that emasculation (removal of self‐pollen) should increase seed production, as long as pollinators are not deterred by emasculation.• Methods: Using the hermaphroditic Kniphofia linearifolia, which belongs to a lineage known to possess late‐acting self‐incompatibility, we performed hand‐pollinations with either self‐ or cross‐pollen and recorded pollen tube growth and seed production. We paired experimentally emasculated plants with non‐emasculated controls and quantified pollinator visitation rates, fruit, and seed set in both groups.• Key Results: Ovules penetrated by tubes from self‐pollen uniformly failed to develop into seeds, as expected from ovarian self‐incompatibility (or strong early inbreeding depression). Experimental emasculation had no effect on the rate of visitation by birds, the primary pollinators of this species, but led to increased rejection by bees, which are secondary pollinators. Despite reducing visitation by some pollinators, emasculation led to increased seed production and reduced rates of seed abortion.• Conclusions: These results show that female performance in hermaphroditic flowers can be enhanced when flowers are emasculated, even if the overall number of pollinator visits is decreased. The most likely explanation for this effect of emasculation is that it reduces ovule discounting arising from pollinator‐mediated self‐pollination.
Scleral Fixation Underneath an Intact Conjunctiva
Authors: Koytak Arif , Sari Esin Sogutlu , Altinisik Muhammed 
Published: February 2013

PURPOSE:
To describe a technique for the fixation of intraocular lenses or capsular tension rings through the ciliary sulcus or pars plana.

METHODS:
This alternative technique allows burial of the knot and the free suture ends within the sclera, without using a scleral flap or pocket or even a conjunctival opening.

RESULTS:
No suture exposure has occurred with the use of the suture burial technique in approximately 25 eyes in 4 years. Additional benefits include less patient discomfort and an improved anatomic and cosmetic outcome starting from the first postoperative day.

CONCLUSIONS:
This technique causes minimal tissue damage and scarring with almost no postoperative discomfort.
IL-7 Licenses Activation of Human Liver Intrasinusoidal Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells
Authors: Tang Xin-Zi , Jo Juandy , Tan Anthony T. , Sandalova Elena , Chia Adeline , Tan Kai Chah , Lee Kang Hoe , Gehring Adam J. , De Libero Gennaro , Bertoletti Antonio 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Human mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a T cell population characterized by the expression of a semi-invariant TCR capable of recognizing bacterial products in the context of MR1. MAIT cells are enriched in the human liver, which is constantly exposed to bacterial products from the intestine. Whether this specific parenchymal localization influences their function remains unknown. We analyzed MAIT cells resident in the vascular bed of livers and showed that they represented the majority of T cells expressing NK markers and the dominant IL-17A+ T cell subset in the human liver sinusoids. In comparison with MAIT cells purified from peripheral blood, intrasinusoidal MAIT cells expressed markers of T cell activation; however, TCR-mediated cytokine production was equally suppressed in both circulating and intrasinusoidal MAIT cells. MAIT cells also expressed high levels of IL-7R, and we showed that IL-7, a cytokine produced by hepatocytes during inflammation, regulated TCR-mediated activation of MAIT cells, licensing them to dramatically increase Th1 cytokines and IL-17A production. Our quantitative and functional data indicate that MAIT cells are a specialized cell population highly adapted to exert their immune functions in the vascular network of the liver.
A Priori and a Posteriori Error Estimates for H(div)-Elliptic Problem with Interior Penalty Method
Authors: Zeng Yuping , Chen Jinru 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and analyze the interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method for H(div)-elliptic problem. An optimal a priori error estimate in the energy norm is proved. In addition, a residual-based a posteriori error estimator is obtained. The estimator is proved to be both reliable and efficient in the energy norm. Some numerical testes are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Stand Up!
Authors: Double Oliver 
Published: February 2013

Stand-Up! is the first book to both analyse the background of stand-up comedy and take us inside the world of being a solo comedian
Oliver Double writes a lively history of the traditions of British stand-up comedy – from its roots in music hall and variety to today’s club and alternative comedy scene – and also engages in a serious exploration of what it is like to be a comedian onstage in front of a sometimes adoring and sometimes hostile audience. He looks critically at the work of such stand-up stars as Frankie Howerd, Les Dawson, Billy Connolly, Victoria Wood, Ben Elton and Eddie Izzard. And he looks at himself as a performer.
A New Gyro-Based Method for Quantifying Eyelid Motion
Authors: Marcelli Emanuela , Cavallari Paolo , Frigerio Alice , Colletti Giacomo , Biglioli Federico , Fanti Roberta , Plicchi Gianni , Cercenelli Laura 
Published: February 2013

Purpose We present an innovative method to quantify the eyeblink by using a miniature gyroscopic sensor (gyro), which is applied on the upper eyelid. Electrical Stimulation (ES) of the facial nerve is a promising technology to treat dysfunctional eyelid closure following facial paralysis. We used the new gyro-based method to evaluate the biomechanics of both the spontaneous and the ES-induced eyeblink, and to identify the best ES protocol. Methods During blinking, eyelids rotate about the axis passing through the eye canthi, thus we propose to use a gyro for measuring the angular velocity of the upper eyelid (ωe). The angular displacement of the eyelid (θe) was calculated by integrating the ωe signal. Two indices were derived from θe: 1) the eyelid angular displacement during eye closure (C), calculated as the peak value of θe; 2) the eyelid closure duration (D), calculated as the time interval between zero signal and the peak value of θe. In a healthy volunteer we used this method to quantify both the spontaneous eyeblink and the blinks elicited by different ES patterns. Results For the spontaneous eyeblink, indices C = 14.0 ± 1.8° and D = 94.0 ± 10.8 ms were computed. By comparing C and D indices for spontaneous and ES cases, trains of 10 pulses with a frequency ranging from 200 Hz to 400 Hz proved to induce the most effective and natural-like eyeblinks. Conclusions The new gyro-based method proved to be a valuable tool to provide dynamic and realtime quantification of eyelid motions. It could be particularly useful for evaluating the effective and natural-like eyeblink restoration provided by ES.
Almorexant Promotes Sleep and Exacerbates Cataplexy in a Murine Model of Narcolepsy
Authors: Black Sarah Wurts , Morairty Stephen R. , Fisher Simon P. , Chen Tsui-Ming , Warrier Deepti R. , Kilduff Thomas S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStudy Objectives:Humans with narcolepsy and orexin/ataxin-3 transgenic (TG) mice exhibit extensive, but incomplete, degeneration of hypo-cretin (Hcrt) neurons. Partial Hcrt cell loss also occurs in Parkinson disease and other neurologic conditions. Whether Hcrt antagonists such as almorexant (ALM) can exert an effect on the Hcrt that remains after Hcrt neurodegeneration has not yet been determined. The current study was designed to evaluate the hypnotic and cataplexy-inducing efficacy of a Hcrt antagonist in an animal model with low Hcrt tone and compare the ALM efficacy profile in the disease model to that produced in wild-type (WT) control animals.Design:Counterbalanced crossover study.Setting:Home cage.Patients or Participants:Nine TG mice and 10 WT mice.Interventions:ALM (30, 100, 300 mg/kg), vehicle and positive control injections, dark/active phase onset.Measurements and Results:During the 12-h dark period after dosing, ALM exacerbated cataplexy in TG mice and increased nonrapid eye movement sleep with heightened sleep/wake fragmentation in both genotypes. ALM showed greater hypnotic potency in WT mice than in TG mice. The 100 mg/kg dose conferred maximal promotion of cataplexy in TG mice and maximal promotion of REM sleep in WT mice. In TG mice, ALM (30 mg/ kg) paradoxically induced a transient increase in active wakefulness. Core body temperature (Tb) decreased after acute Hcrt receptor blockade, but the reduction in Tb that normally accompanies the wake-to-sleep transition was blunted in TG mice.Conclusions:These complex dose- and genotype-dependent interactions underscore the importance of effector mechanisms downstream from Hcrt receptors that regulate arousal state. Cataplexy promotion by ALM warrants cautious use of Hcrt antagonists in patient populations with Hcrt neurodegeneration, but may also facilitate the discovery of anticataplectic medications.
Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors in Rat Pontine Reticular Formation Increase Wakefulness
Authors: Vanini Giancarlo , Baghdoyan Helen A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStudy Objectives:Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) causes phasic inhibition via synaptic GABAA receptors and tonic inhibition via extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. GABA levels in the extracellular space regulate arousal state and cognition by volume transmission via extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. GABAergic transmission in the pontine reticular formation promotes wakefulness. No previous studies have determined whether an agonist at extrasynaptic GABAA receptors administered into the pontine reticular formation alters sleep and wakefulness. Therefore, this study used gaboxadol (THIP; agonist at extrasynaptic GABAA receptors that contain a δ subunit) to test the hypothesis that extrasynaptic GABAA receptors within the pontine reticular formation modulate sleep and wakefulness.Design:Within/between subjects.Setting:University of Michigan.Patients or Participants:Adult male Crl:CD*(SD) (Sprague-Dawley) rats (n = 10).Interventions:Microinjection of gaboxadol, the nonsubtype selective GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (positive control), and saline (negative control) into the rostral pontine reticular formation.Measurements and Results:Gaboxadol significantly increased wakefulness and decreased both nonrapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep in a concentration-dependent manner. Relative to saline, gaboxadol did not alter electroencephalogram power. Microinjection of muscimol into the pontine reticular formation of the same rats that received gaboxadol increased wakefulness and decreased sleep.Conclusion:Tonic inhibition via extrasynaptic GABAA receptors that contain a δ subunit may be one mechanism by which the extracellular pool of endogenous GABA in the rostral pontine reticular formation promotes wakefulness.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Telephone-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia
Authors: Arnedt J. Todd , Cuddihy Leisha , Swanson Leslie M. , Pickett Scott , Aikens James , Chervin Ronald D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStudy Objectives:To compare the efficacy of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia to an information pamphlet control on sleep and daytime functioning at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 12-wk follow-up.Design:Randomized controlled parallel trial.Setting:N/A.Participants:Thirty individuals with chronic insomnia (27 women, age 39.1 ± 14.4 years, insomnia duration 8.7 ± 10.7 years).Interventions:Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) delivered in up to eight weekly telephone sessions (CBTI-Phone, n = 15) versus an information pamphlet control (IPC, n = 15).Measurements and Results:Sleep/wake diary, sleep-related questionnaires (Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 16-item Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep), and daytime symptom assessments (fatigue, depression, anxiety, and quality of life) were completed at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 12-wk follow-up. Linear mixed models indicated that sleep/wake diary sleep efficiency and total sleep time improved significantly at posttreatment in both groups and remained stable at 12-wk follow-up. More CBTI-Phone than IPC patients showed posttreatment improvements in unhelpful sleep-related cognitions (P &lt; 0.001) and were classified as “in remission” from insomnia at follow-up (P &lt; 0.05). Posttreatment effect sizes on most daytime symptoms were large (Cohen d = 0.8–2.5) for CBTI-Phone patients and small to moderate (Cohen d = -0.1–0.6) for IPC patients. All CBTI-Phone patients completed posttreatment and 12-wk follow-up assessments, but three IPC patients discontinued the study.Conclusions:The findings provide preliminary support for telephone-delivered CBTI in the treatment of chronic insomnia. Future larger-scale studies with more diverse samples are warranted. Some individuals with insomnia may also benefit from pamphlet-delivered CBTI with brief telephone support.
One-Year Course and Effects of Insomnia in Rural Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Luo Chunliu , Zhang Jihui , Pan Jiyang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStudy Objectives:We aimed to explore the incidence and persistence of insomnia, the associated risk factors, and the potential bidirectional association of insomnia with depression, anxiety, and sleepiness in rural Chinese adolescents.Design:School-based prospective study.Setting:Five high schools in rural China.Participants:There were 2,787 adolescents studied.Interventions:N/A.Measures and Results:Insomnia was defined as having a score of equal to or higher than nine in the Insomnia Severity Index as validated in Chinese adolescents. Depression, anxiety, and sleepiness were determined by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), respectively. The incidence and persistence rates of insomnia were 16.0% and 41.0%, respectively. Multivariate analyses in logistic regression models revealed that new incidence of insomnia was significantly associated with age, living in a rural area, habitual daytime napping, high life events, anxiety, and depression at baseline (range adjusted odds ratio = 1.12-1.61), whereas the persistence of insomnia was positively associated with age, female sex, high life events, and depression at baseline (range adjusted odds ratio = 1.26-1.55) but negatively associated with living in a rural area (odds ratio = 0.59). Insomnia at baseline could predict new onsets of both depression (odds ratio = 1.45) and anxiety (odds ratio = 1.98) but not sleepiness at follow-up after adjustment for age, sex, and baseline symptoms. The results in cross-lagged analyses further supported these observations in the bidirectional associations of insomnia with depression, anxiety, and sleepiness.Conclusions:Insomnia has considerable incidence and persistence rates in Chinese adolescents. We have identified several risk factors for the incidence and persistence of insomnia. There are bidirectional associations of insomnia with depression and anxiety but not sleepiness.
Relation entre les jeux virtuels de hasard et d’argent et certaines conduites déviantes chez des jeunes du Québec
Authors: Brunelle Natacha , Leclerc Danielle , Cousineau Marie-Marthe , Dufour Magali , Gendron Annie 
Published: February 2013

Plusieurs auteurs ont montré que les personnes qui s’adonnent à des jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA) sont plus impliquées dans la délinquance que les non-joueurs et qu’il y a une association entre la gravité des habitudes de JHA et la gravité de la délinquance. Toutefois, les connaissances actuelles sont limitées en ce qui concerne ce lien chez les adolescents et plus particulièrement chez les jeunes filles. De plus, ces études sont très peu révélatrices quant aux types de délits commis par les jeunes joueurs et les jeunes joueuses en fonction de leur profil de joueur. Dans le cadre d’une étude sur la pratique des JHA sur Internet, 1870 élèves de troisième, quatrième et cinquième secondaire ont été recrutés dans des écoles de trois régions du Québec. Les instruments de mesure DSM-IV-MR-J (Fisher, 2000) et MASPAQ (Le Blanc, 2010) ont été utilisés pour mesurer les habitudes de JHA des jeunes et leurs conduites déviantes. Cet article a pour objectifs : 1- de dresser le portrait des habitudes de JHA des filles et des garçons de l’échantillon ; 2- d’examiner les liens entre la gravité du jeu, le jeu Internet et les conduites déviantes, séparément selon le genre des jeunes de l’échantillon. Les principaux résultats montrent que la gravité des habitudes de JHA est reliée à la fois à des conduites déviantes clandestines et manifestes tant chez les joueurs que chez les joueuses. Le jeu sur Internet chez les joueurs et chez les joueuses est associé à un score de gravité plus élevé de certaines conduites déviantes clandestines et manifestes.
Experimental and Computation Studies on Candida antarctica Lipase B‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Alcoholysis of 4‐Bromomethyl‐β‐lactone Leading to Enantiopure 4‐Bromo‐3‐hydroxybutanoate
Authors: Lim Jung Yun , Jeon Nan Young , Park A‐Reum , Min Bora , Kim Bum Tae , Park Seongsoon , Lee Hyuk 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBoth enantiomers of optically pure 4‐bromo‐3‐hydroxybutanoate, which is an important chiral building block in the syntheses of various biologically active compounds including statins, were synthesized from rac‐4‐bromomethyl‐β‐lactone through kinetic resolution. Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL‐B) enantioselectively catalyzes the ring opening of the β‐lactone with ethanol to yield ethyl (R)‐4‐bromo‐3‐hydroxybutanoate with high enantioselectivity (E>200). The unreacted (S)‐4‐bromomethyl‐β‐lactone was converted to ethyl (S)‐4‐bromo‐3‐hydroxybutanoate (>99% ee), which can be further transformed to ethyl (R)‐4‐cyano‐3‐hydroxybutanoate, through an acid‐catalyzed ring opening in ethanol. Molecular modeling revealed that the stereocenter of the fast‐reacting enantiomer, (R)‐bromomethyl‐β‐lactone, is ∼2 Å from the reacting carbonyl carbon. In addition, the slow‐reacting enantiomer, (S)‐4‐bromomethyl‐β‐lactone, encounters steric hindrance between the bromo substituent and the side chain of the Leu278 residue, while the fast‐reacting enantiomer does not have any steric clash.