bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long term motor function after neonatal stroke: Lesion localization above all
Authors: Dinomais Mickael , Hertz‐Pannier Lucie , Groeschel Samuel , Chabrier Stéphane , Delion Matthieu , Husson Béatrice , Kossorotoff Manoelle , Renaud Cyrille , Nguyen The Tich Sylvie ,   for the AVCnn Study Group
Published: September 2015

AbstractMotor outcome is variable following neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS). We analyzed the relationship between lesion characteristics on brain MRI and motor function in children who had suffered from NAIS. Thirty eight full term born children with unilateral NAIS were investigated at the age of seven. 3D T1‐ and 3D FLAIR‐weighted MR images were acquired on a 3T MRI scanner. Lesion characteristics were compared between patients with and without cerebral palsy (CP) using the following approaches: lesion localization either using a category‐based analysis, lesion mapping as well as voxel‐based lesion‐symptom mapping (VLSM). Using diffusion‐weighted imaging the microstructure of the cortico‐spinal tract (CST) was related to the status of CP by measuring DTI parameters. Whereas children with lesions sparing the primary motor system did not develop CP, CP was always present when extensive lesions damaged at least two brain structures involving the motor system. The VLSM approach provided a statistical map that confirmed the cortical lesions in the primary motor system and revealed that CP was highly correlated with lesions in close proximity to the CST. In children with CP, diffusion parameters indicated microstructural changes in the CST at the level of internal capsule and the centrum semiovale. White matter damage of the CST in centrum semiovale was a highly reproducible marker of CP. This is the first description of the implication of this latter region in motor impairment after NAIS. In conclusion, CP in childhood was closely linked to the location of the infarct in the motor system.Hum Brain Mapp 36:4793–4807, 2015.. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Altered expression of histone deacetylases, inflammatory cytokines and contractile‐associated factors in uterine myometrium of Long Evans rats gestationally exposed to benzo[a]pyrene
Authors: Laknaur Archana , Foster Terri‐Lee , Bobb Lesley E. , Ramesh Aramandla , Ladson Gwinnett M. , Hood Darryl B. , Al‐Hendy Ayman , Thota Chandrasekhar 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEtiology of preterm birth (PTB) is multifactorial; therefore, decreasing the incidence of PTB is a major challenge in the field of obstetrics. Epidemiological studies have reported an association between toxicants and PTB. However, there are no studies on the role of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), an environmental toxicant, in the incidence of PTB. We first assessed the effects of BaP (150 and 300 µg kg–1 body weight) dosed via gavage from day 14 to 17 of pregnancy on gestation length in Long Evans rats. We further assessed the histopathology of the uterus, expression of inflammatory cytokines, contractile‐associated factors, histone deacetylases (HDACs) and NFқB‐p65 in myometrium collected on day 22 postpartum versus vehicle‐treated controls. In our study, rats exposed to BaP delivered prematurely (P < 0.05) compared to control. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of uterus showed squamous metaplasia, glandular and stromal hyperplasia in BaP‐exposed rats versus control. The concentrations of BaP metabolites measured by high‐pressure liquid chromatography were higher in uterine myometrium of BaP‐exposed rats while they were undetectable in controls. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction showed significant increases in mRNA expression of interleukin‐1β and ‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐α, connexin 43, cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 and prostaglandin F2α receptor as compared to controls (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that BaP exposure caused decreases in class I HDACs 1 and 3 and increases in class II HDAC 5, cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 and nuclear translocation of NFκB‐p65 relative to controls. Our results suggest that gestational exposure to BaP increases incidence of PTB through epigenetic changes that causes increases in the expression of contractile‐associated factors through the NFκB pathway. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of apixaban
Authors: Chang Ming , Yu Zhigang , Shenker Andrew , Wang Jessie , Pursley Janice , Byon Wonkyung , Boyd Rebecca A. , LaCreta Frank , Frost Charles E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis open‐label study evaluated apixaban pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety in subjects with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment and in healthy subjects following a single 10‐mg oral dose. The primary analysis determined the relationship between apixaban AUC∞ and 24‐hour creatinine clearance (CLcr) as a measure of renal function. The relationships between 24‐hour CLcr and iohexol clearance, estimated CLcr (Cockcroft‐Gault equation), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (modification of diet in renal disease [MDRD] equation) were also assessed. Secondary objectives included assessment of safety and tolerability as well as international normalized ratio (INR) and anti–factor Xa activity as pharmacodynamic endpoints. The regression analysis showed that decreasing renal function resulted in modestly increased apixaban exposure (AUC∞ increased by 44% in severe impairment with a 24‐hour CLcr of 15 mL/min, compared with subjects with normal renal function), but it did not affect Cmax or the direct relationship between apixaban plasma concentration and anti–factor Xa activity or INR. The assessment of renal function measured by iohexol clearance, Cockcroft‐Gault, and MDRD was consistent with that determined by 24‐hour CLcr. Apixaban was well tolerated in this study. These results suggest that dose adjustment of apixaban is not required on the basis of renal function alone.
Ocular pharmacology
Authors: Novack Gary D. , Robin Alan L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOphthalmic diseases include both those analogous to systemic diseases (eg, inflammation, infection, neuronal degeneration) and not analogous (eg, cataract, myopia). Many anterior segment diseases are treated pharmacologically through eye drops, which have an implied therapeutic index of local therapy. Unlike oral dosage forms administered for systemic diseases, eyedrops require patients not only to adhere to treatment, but to be able to accurately perform—ie, instill drops correctly.Anatomical and physiological barriers make topical delivery to the anterior chamber challenging—in some cases more challenging than absorption through the skin, nasal passages, or gut. Treatment of the posterior segment (eg, vitreous, retina, choroid, and optic nerve) is more challenging due to additional barriers. Recently, intravitreal injections have become a standard of care with biologics for the treatment of macular degeneration and other diseases. Although the eye has esterases, hydroxylases, and transporters, it has relatively little CYP450 enzymes. Because it is challenging to obtain drug concentrations at the target site, ocular clinical pharmacokinetics, and thus pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic interactions, are rarely available. Ophthalmic pharmaceuticals require consideration of solubility, physiological pH, and osmolarity, as well as sterility and stability, which in turn requires optimal pharmaceutics. Although applied locally, ocular medications may be absorbed systemically, which results in morbidity and mortality (eg, systemic hypotension, bronchospasm, and bradycardia).
An augmented Cartesian grid method for Stokes–Darcy fluid–structure interactions
Authors: Li Zhilin 
Published: September 2015

SummaryA new finite difference method based on Cartesian meshes is proposed for solving the fluid–structure interaction between a fluid flow modeled by the Stokes equations and a porous media modeled by the Darcy's law. The idea is to introduce several augmented variables along the interface between the fluid flow and the porous media so that the problem can be decoupled as several Poisson equations. The augmented variables should be chosen so that the Beavers–Joseph–Saffman and other interface conditions are satisfied. In the discretization, the augmented variables have co‐dimension one compared with that of the primitive variables and are solved through the Schur complement system. A non‐trivial analytic solution with a circular interface is constructed to check second‐order convergency of the proposed method. Numerical examples with various interfaces and parameters are also presented. Some simulations show interesting behaviors of the fluid–structure interaction between the fluid flow and the porous media. The computational framework can be applied to other multi‐phase and multi‐physics problems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism of the Transmetalation of Organosilanes to Gold
Authors: Falivene Laura , Nelson David J. , Dupuy Stéphanie , Nolan Steven P. , Poater Albert , Cavallo Luigi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to study the reaction mechanism of the first transmetalation of organosilanes to gold as a cheap fluoride‐free process. The versatile gold(I) complex [Au(OH)(IPr)] permits very straightforward access to a series of aryl‐, vinyl‐, and alkylgold silanolates by reaction with the appropriate silane reagent. These silanolate compounds are key intermediates in a fluoride‐free process that results in the net transmetalation of organosilanes to gold, rather than the classic activation of silanes as silicates using external fluoride sources. However, here we propose that the gold silanolate is not the active species (as proposed during experimental studies) but is, in fact, a resting state during the transmetalation process, as a concerted step is preferred.
Image forgery detection in contourlet transform domain based on new chaotic cellular automata
Authors: Barani Milad Jafari , Ayubi Peyman , Jalili Fooad , Valandar Milad Yousefi , Azariyun Ehsan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractImage authentication includes techniques that detect unauthorized changes in digital pictures. Image authentication is generally categorized into two primary categories, active and passive methods. In this paper, a new active image authentication method is proposed for tamper detection based on contourlet transform. Cellular automata and ‘Game of Life’ are also used to improve the detection of tampered area. A pseudo‐random number generator based on cellular automata has been used to improve security of proposed technique. We evaluates security and randomness of proposed pseudo‐random number generator using by NIST statistical test suite. Experimental results show that the proposed method is sensitive to any tampers, and it can detect forged areas of the images. Visual quality of image after embedding process is desirable due to Peak Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (PSNR) measure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward An Integration of the Behavioral and Cognitive Influences on the Entrepreneurship Process
Authors: Pryor Christopher , Webb Justin W. , Ireland R. Duane , Ketchen, Jr. David J. 
Published: September 2015

Research summaryEntrepreneurs develop innovations, fulfill customer needs, and spur economic growth by recognizing, evaluating, and exploiting opportunities. Despite progress, scholarly understanding of how entrepreneurs achieve these objectives may be incomplete. For instance, little explanation exists for why entrepreneurs may pursue activities seemingly at random, nor is there a clear endpoint to the entrepreneurship process. To address these concerns, we present a framework that integrates sensemaking and structuration perspectives to specify the cognitive and behavioral influences on the entrepreneurship process. Within this framework, entrepreneurs ultimately pursue opportunities through developing and deploying capabilities to create value for customers.Managerial summaryWhile entrepreneurs' initial insights regarding innovations and customer needs are important, these insights are only the beginning of an interactive, iterative path that ends with the formation of an organization that can reliably produce value for customers. One of entrepreneurs' most important tools along this path is their set of scripts. Scripts help define how entrepreneurs act and interact so they can fully understand market needs and develop the means for solving these needs. In this paper, our objective is to describe how these scripts help entrepreneurs do the hard work of thinking and acting to effectively create new venture capabilities and to explain how entrepreneurs, who may possess similar sets of scripts, may nevertheless conceptualize different opportunities and solutions.
Revisiting the importance of accounting for seasonal and diel rhythms in fecal stress hormone studies
Authors: Jachowski David S. , Washburn Brian E. , Millspaugh Joshua J. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTMeasurement of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) has been used to quantify stress responses by a wide variety of species; yet, few studies attempt to conduct baseline research prior to investigating effects of disturbances on FGM levels. We evaluated the potential confounding effect of seasonal and diel rhythms on the interpretation of FGM values, by studying long‐term patterns of FGMs in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) between 2001 and 2002 in a controlled environment at facilities located at the Charles W. Green Conservation Area, near Ashland, Missouri, USA. For 1 year, we collected fresh fecal samples (<1 hr old) on a weekly basis from 17 captive deer and 8 captive doves. We also conducted hourly sampling over discrete 48‐hour periods to evaluate diel rhythms. In deer, we observed that FGMs were nearly 2 times higher during spring months of April and May compared with late winter (i.e., Jan and Feb) and late summer (i.e., Jul and Aug). Dove FGMs were 50% higher during the late spring (i.e., May and Jun) compared with early spring and winter months (Jan–Apr), and twice as high as during late summer, autumn, and early winter months of August through December. In both species, we observed considerable variation in diel rhythms that was inconsistent across individuals. Collectively, our findings emphasize the need for researchers to design sampling schemes that account for high levels of individual and temporal variability in baseline FGMs—and consistently ask: What are “normal” FGM values in the context of the animal's environment and prevailing stressors. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Bayesian Probabilistic Projection of International Migration
Authors: Azose Jonathan J. , Raftery Adrian E. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We propose a method for obtaining joint probabilistic projections of migration for all countries, broken down by age and sex. Joint trajectories for all countries are constrained to satisfy the requirement of zero global net migration. We evaluate our model using out-of-sample validation and compare point projections to the projected migration rates from a persistence model similar to the method used in the United Nations’ World Population Prospects, and also to a state-of-the-art gravity model.
‘The writings of querulous women’: contraception, conscience and clerical authority in 1960s Britain
Authors: Harris Alana 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOn 31 May 1964, Dr Anne Bieżanek travelled from Wallasey to Westminster Cathedral to attend Mass and receive Holy Communion. She was flanked by hoards of reporters, who over the previous six months had fueled extensive media coverage of her establishment of one of the firstCatholicbirth control clinics in the world, alongside her intertwined personal story of the physical and emotional strain caused by ten pregnancies. Repeatedly refused the sacraments by her local parish priest in consequence of these activities, and unable to gain satisfaction from the Bishop of Shrewsbury, Dr Bieżanek wrote to the Archbishop of Westminster to announce her intention to ‘resolve the issue’ through an ethical adjudication at the Communion rails.As the first sustained exploration of this exceptional woman and her sensational life story, this article examines Dr Bieżanek’s private correspondence and public persona to illustrate the ways in which her idiosyncratic re-negotiation of spiritual and sexual politics was path breaking in articulating a ‘modern’ Catholic approach to love and sex and in anticipating the cacophony of such voices elicited by theHumanae Vitaeencyclical in 1968. As such, it illustrates the form and force of contrasting and modulating Catholic discourses about love, marriage, and contraception in the post-war period and demonstrates the continuing and critical interplay of religion, infused with the insights of sexology and psychology, when negotiating the sexual and spiritual revolutions of the sixties.
Research on the Muzzle Blast Flow with Gas-Particle Mixtures Based on Eulerian-Eulerian Approach
Authors: Zhuo C.-F. , Yao W.-J. , Wu X.-S. , Feng F. , Xu P. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe issue on the muzzle blast flow with gas-particle mixtures was numerically investigated in this paper. The propellant gas in the cannon was assumed to be gas-particle mixtures consisting of a variety of gaseous species and particles. The model made use of the Eulerian-Eulerican approach, where the particle were modeled as a second fluid with parameters like bulk density, velocity and temperature, interacting with the gas flow. A high-resolution upwind scheme(AUSMPW+) and detailed reaction kinetics model were employed to solve the chemical non-equilibrium Euler equations for gas phase. The Euler equations for particle phase were solved by MacCormack scheme. The particle diameter and the mass fraction of particle were tested to show their effects on the development process of muzzle blast flow with gas-particle mixtures. The distribution of the main flow parameters of both gas and particle were obtained at different time intervals. The results show the evolution of the muzzle blast flow with gas-particle mixtures and demonstrate the effects of key parameter on the flow field of the gas-particle flow. This paper is a significant investigation for understanding the muzzle blast flow with gas-particle mixtures, which can provide valuable reference for the research on the muzzle blast flow.
RETRACTED – Immune recognition of excretory and secretory products of the filarial nematode Onchocerca ochengi in cattle and human sera
Authors: Djafsia B. , Ndjonka D. , Dikti J.V. , van Hoorn S. , Manchang K. , Brattig N. , Liebau E. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Excretory–secretory (ES) products of nematodes and other helminths are the first molecules to interact with cell surfaces and soluble proteins within the host. In the present study, ES products of the filarial nematode Onchocerca ochengi were investigated as a model for Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of river blindness. These products were collected from adult and larval stages in vitro over a period of 7 days, to compare their immunological recognition in cattle and human sera, infected with species of Onchocerca. From the 156 sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) ES products or extracts, protein bands showed different patterns between female and male products. A comparison of antibody recognition of the different ES products by sera from infected cattle and humans, when analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), revealed a relatively higher reactivity of the female somatic extract to human and cattle sera compared to ES products of both genders. Nevertheless, similar reactivity of the O. ochengi male and female ES products to human and cattle sera was noticed. As a result, the interaction of ES products with the surface of the host and immune system often led to host responses, including the generation of antibodies. The O. ochengi ES products are therefore good sources of potential immunogenic proteins. The identification of these ES products is in progress, with the aim of developing vaccine candidates against human onchocerciasis.
Loneliness and social support among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people aged 50 and over
Authors: HUGHES MARK 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTLoneliness is a debilitating condition with particular negative health effects, including psychological distress. While the vast majority of older people do not experience significant degrees of loneliness, a minority do and there are some reports that this is even greater among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) seniors. This article examines the experience of loneliness and social support among LGBTI people aged 50 and over living in New South Wales, Australia. It also explores their interest in participating in social and health-promoting activities. Findings from an online survey delivered to 312 people are reported. Loneliness was associated with living alone, not being in a relationship, higher psychological distress and lower mental health. Nonetheless, most respondents reported that they are able to gain support from both biological family and friends if they need it in a crisis. The social and health-promoting activities that were most preferred among all respondents were fitness groups, walking groups, swimming and meditation. Those who experienced the greatest degree of loneliness were much more likely than those who were less lonely to want to participate in social and health-promoting activities with other LGBTI people. The findings indicate scope for community organisations to develop targeted interventions, such as those social and health-promoting activities most preferred by the participants of this study.
A cross-sectional audit of the prevalence of stunting in children attending a regional paediatric cardiology service
Authors: Marino Luise V. , Magee Alan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCHD is associated with poor growth, delayed motor and language skills development, and increased length of hospital stay; 28.2% of infants were stunted, with z-scores<−2. The severity of surgery score was not associated with an increased length of stay, suggesting that a low weight-for-age z-score at the time of surgery may impact on length of stay.
Pushing the boundaries: Integration of multi-source digital elevation model data for seamless geological mapping of the UK's coastal zone
Authors: Westhead Keith , Smith Kay , Campbell Evelyn , Colenutt Andrew , McVey Stuart 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTRecent advances in marine acoustic survey and land-based topographic monitoring technologies have resulted in increasingly cost-effective data acquisition in coastal areas. The DEFRA-funded National Network of Regional Coastal Monitoring Programmes of England are, for example, utilising swath bathymetry and airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology more routinely to survey the coastal zone around the coastline of England. The demand for data processing, visualisation and interpretation techniques to keep pace with such advances in data acquisition is clear. This study discusses collection and processing techniques for such data on the south coast of Dorset, England, which have enabled the production of a seamless, high spatial resolution digital elevation model across the coastal zone. Case studies demonstrate how this elevation model can be viewed and analysed using state-of-the-art digital techniques to allow geological mapping to be extended from onshore to offshore in unprecedented detail, effectively eliminating what is known as the ‘White Ribbon’ for coastal geological mapping. The potential for rolling out such techniques for wider surveying programmes across many environmental disciplines is significant, which could contribute towards improving the multi-disciplinary scientific evidence base in the complex coastal zone.