bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beta‐blockers may reduce intrusive thoughts in newly diagnosed cancer patients
Authors: Lindgren Monica E. , Fagundes Christopher P. , Alfano Catherine M. , Povoski Stephen P. , Agnese Doreen M. , Arnold Mark W. , Farrar William B. , Yee Lisa D. , Carson William E. , Schmidt Carl R. , Kiecolt‐Glaser Janice K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveA cancer diagnosis provokes significant levels of emotional distress, with intrusive thoughts being the most common manifestation among breast cancer survivors. Cancer‐related intrusive thoughts can take the form of emotional memories, flashbacks, nightmares, and intrusive images. Emotional arousal after a severe life stressor prolongs adrenergic activation, which in turn may increase risk for post‐traumatic symptomatology. However, antihypertensive beta‐blockers block adrenergic activation and are known to reduce traumatic memories and related psychological distress. Thus, the current study examined the association between beta‐blocker use and the severity of cancer‐related intrusive thoughts and related symptoms following a cancer diagnosis.MethodsThe 174 breast and 36 female colorectal cancer patients who had recently undergone diagnostic screening or biopsy included 39 beta‐blocker users and 171 non‐users. Prior to any cancer treatment including surgery, participants completed questionnaires that included the Impact of Events Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Analyses controlled for age, education, cancer stage, cancer type, days since diagnosis, marital status, depression, and comorbidities.ResultsAlthough the high rates of cancer‐related distress in this sample were similar to those of other studies with recently diagnosed patients, beta‐blocker users endorsed 32% fewer cancer‐related intrusive thoughts than non‐users.ConclusionsRecently diagnosed cancer patients using beta‐blockers reported less cancer‐related psychological distress. These results suggest that beta‐blocker use may benefit cancer patients' psychological adjustment following diagnosis, and provide a promising direction for future investigations on the pharmacological benefits of beta‐blockers for cancer‐related distress. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved hole distribution in InGaN/GaN dual‐wavelength light‐emitting diodes with Mg‐doped quantum‐wells
Authors: Si Zhao , Wei Tongbo , Yan Jianchang , Ma Jun , Zhang Ning , Liu Zhe , Wei Xuecheng , Wang Xiaodong , Lu Hongxi , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA study on the effect of Mg doping in quantum‐well (QW) layers on dual‐wavelength light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) was performed. A series of dual‐wavelength LEDs with different Mg doping conditions were fabricated. According to electroluminescence measurement, as the Mg doping concentration and regions varied, improved hole distribution and bottom‐QW emission was achieved. This result is in accord with APSYS simulation. In addition, the sample with Mg doping in all QWs showed the highest output power and smallest efficiency droop. It is concluded that Mg doping in QWs could ameliorate the optical and electrical properties of dual‐wavelength LEDs.
The physical principles of terahertz silicon lasers based on intracenter transitions
Authors: Pavlov S. G. , Zhukavin R. Kh. , Shastin V. N. , Hübers H.‐W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe first silicon laser was reported in the year 2000. It is based on impurity transitions of the hydrogen‐like phosphorus donor in monocrystalline silicon. Several lasers based on other group‐V donors in silicon have been demonstrated since then. These lasers operate at low lattice temperatures under optical pumping by a midinfrared laser and emit light at discrete wavelengths in the range from 50 to 230 µm (between 1.2 and 6.9 THz). Dipole‐allowed optical transitions between particular excited states of group‐V substitutional donors are utilized for donor‐type terahertz (THz) silicon lasers. Population inversion is achieved due to specific electron–phonon interactions of the impurity atom. This results in long‐living and short‐living excited states of the donor centers. Another type of THz laser utilizes stimulated resonant Raman‐type scattering of photons by a Raman‐active intracenter electronic transition. By varying the pump‐laser frequency, the frequency of the Raman intracenter silicon laser can be continuously changed between at least 4.5 and 6.4 THz. The gain of the donor and Raman‐type THz silicon lasers is of the order of 0.5 to 10 cm−1, which is similar to the net gain realized in THz quantum cascade lasers and infrared Raman silicon lasers. In addition, fundamental aspects of the laser process provide new information about the peculiarities of electronic capture by shallow impurity centers in silicon, lifetimes of nonequilibrium carriers in excited impurity states, and electron–phonon interaction.
Measurement of oxygen chemical diffusion in PuO2‐x and analysis of oxygen diffusion in PuO2‐x and (Pu,U)O2‐x
Authors: Kato Masato , Uchida Teppei , Sunaoshi Takeo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOxygen chemical diffusion in PuO2‐x was investigated in the temperature range of 1473‐1873 K by thermogravimetry as functions of oxygen‐to‐metal (O/M) ratios and temperatures. The oxygen chemical diffusion coefficients, $ \tilde D $ were determined assuming that the reduction curves were dominated by a diffusion process. The O/M ratio and Pu content dependence on the chemical diffusion coefficients were evaluated. The chemical diffusion coefficient had its minimum value at around O/M=1.98 and decreased with increasing Pu content in (U,Pu)O2‐x. The self‐diffusion coefficients were evaluated. A model for describing the relationship among O/M ratio, oxygen chemical diffusion, and self‐diffusion was proposed based on defect chemistry. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First‐principles modeling of the H color centers in MgF2 crystals
Authors: Dauletbekova Alma , Abuova Fatima , Akilbekov Abdirash , Kotomin Eugene , Piskunov Sergey 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMgF2 with a rutile structure is important wide‐gap optical material with numerous applications. We present and discuss the results of calculations for basic hole defects – interstitial F atoms (called also the colour H centers). This study is based on the large scale ab initio DFT calculations using hybrid B3PW exchange‐correlation functional as implemented into CRYSTAL computer code. The electronic structure, atomic geometry, charge density distribution are calculated and compared with similar defects in CaF2 fluorite. It is shown that the H centers oriented nearly parallel to the (110) axis are energetically more favourable than those oriented along the (001) axis, in agreement with experiment. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative study of TL and EPR properties of four solid solutions of garnets
Authors: Rocca Rene R. , Watanabe Shigueo , Barbosa Renata F. , Cano Nilo F. , Tatumi Sonia H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn the present work four solid solutions of peralspite garnets indicated PP, PS, R and A have been investigated as to their TL properties. The glow curves of PP, PS, R and A irradiated by gamma rays with dose from 10 to 1000 Gy (2000 in A) presented peaks around 150, 200, 260 and 360‐370 °C, but the response of these peaks to radiation doses varies from sample to sample. Also we present glow curves when samples were annealed at 500 °C for 30 min and irradiated to UV light. In other experiments samples irradiated to 1000 Gy were exposed to UV light; the TL intensity decreases under UV exposure. OSL measurements show a linear growth with radiation dose below 200 Gy. Almost straight line signal is obtained for EPR spectrum of natural PS sample. The change in the shape of EPR spectrum of PS sample annealed at high temperature in the range 800 to 1000 °C indicates that Fe2+ converts to Fe3+. This is confirmed by Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy measurements. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microstructure and microprecipitation in copper‐doped soda‐lime silicate glass
Authors: Suszynska Maria , Krajczyk Ludwina , Cizman Agnieszka , Serafinczuk Jaroslaw 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe process of ion exchange was used to introduce copper ions into a commercial soda lime silicate glass, the composition of which corresponds to the miscibility gap in the SiO2‐Na2O system. After exchange, the samples have been thermally treated in a gaseous hydrogen atmosphere. The optical absorption of divalent copper and the concentration profiles of the exchanged (Na) and exchanging (Cu) ions are determining the effectiveness of both processes. The behaviour of the dopant in the glassy matrix has been studied on the basis of thermal expansion and X‐ray diffraction measurements as well as the transmission electron microscopy observations of the composite material. It has been stated that hydrogenation of suitably exchanged specimens could be an effective procedure for obtaining glass ceramics with nanoparticles of metallic copper and semi‐conducting copper oxide embedded in the glassy matrix also in the form of core‐shell structures. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vesicle‐Mediated Growth of Tubular Branches and Centimeter‐Long Microtubes from a Single Molecule
Authors: Abbas Abdennour , Brimer Andrew , Tian Limei , d'Avignon D. André , Hameed Abdulrahman Shahul , Vittal Jagadese J. , Singamaneni Srikanth 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe mechanism by which small molecules assemble into microscale tubular structures in aqueous solution remains poorly understood, particularly when the initial building blocks are non‐amphiphilic molecules and no surfactant is used. It is here shown how a subnanometric molecule, namely p‐aminothiophenol (p‐ATP), prepared in normal water with a small amount of ethanol, spontaneously assembles into a new class of nanovesicle. Due to Brownian motion, these nanostructures rapidly grow into micrometric vesicles and start budding to yield macroscale tubular branches with a remarkable growth rate of ∼20 μm s−1. A real‐time visualization by optical microscopy reveals that tubular growth proceeds by vesicle walk and fusion on the apex (growth cone) and sides of the branches and ultimately leads to the generation of centimeter‐long microtubes. This unprecedented growth mechanism is triggered by a pH‐activated proton switch and maintained by hydrogen bonding. The vesicle fusion‐mediated synthesis suggests that functional microtubes with biological properties can be efficiently prepared with a mixture of appropriate diaminophenyl blocks and the desired macromolecule. The reversibility, timescale, and very high yield (90%) of this synthetic approach make it a valuable model for the investigation of hierarchical and structural transition between organized assemblies with different size scales and morphologies.
Leadership Online: Expanding the Horizon
Authors: Phelps Kirstin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWith an increase of online teaching, social media, and use of classroom technology by both location‐bound and distance students, how do we teach and learn leadership through online tools? International Leadership Association overarching Teaching and Learning Guiding Question: “What are students' developmental levels and what teaching and learning methods are most appropriate to ensure maximum student learning?”
Evolutionary design of decision trees
Authors: Podgorelec Vili , Šprogar Matej , Pohorec Sandi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDecision tree (DT) is one of the most popular symbolic machine learning approaches to classification with a wide range of applications. Decision trees are especially attractive in data mining. It has an intuitive representation and is, therefore, easy to understand and interpret, also by nontechnical experts. The most important and critical aspect of DTs is the process of their construction. Several induction algorithms exist that use the recursive top‐down principle to divide training objects into subgroups based on different statistical measures in order to achieve homogeneous subgroups. Although being robust and fast, generally providing good results, their deterministic and heuristic nature can lead to suboptimal solutions. Therefore, alternative approaches have developed which try to overcome the drawbacks of classical induction. One of the most viable approaches seems to be the use of evolutionary algorithms, which can produce better DTs as they are searching for globally optimal solutions, evaluating potential solutions with regard to different criteria. We review the process of evolutionary design of DTs, providing the description of the most common approaches as well as referring to recognized specializations. The overall process is first explained and later demonstrated in a step‐by‐step case study using a dataset from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Classification
Technologies > Machine Learning
Low‐Temperature Synthesis, Characterization, and Stability of Spinel‐Type Li2NiF4 and Solid‐Solutions Li2Ni1–xCoxF4
Authors: Kohl Julia , Nakhal Suliman , Ferro Noel , Bottke Patrick , Wilkening Martin , Bredow Thomas , Heitjans Paul , Lerch Martin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA new synthesis route to Li2NiF4 based on a fluorolytic process using Ni(acac)2 or Ni(OAc)2·4H2O as precursor is presented. Variation of the synthesis conditions allows crystallite size control of the obtained powders. 6Li and 7Li MAS NMR experiments were carried out to study local environments of the lithium ions. Several attempts were made to synthesize Li2CoF4, which are, unfortunately, hitherto not successful. Nevertheless, our studies clearly reveal that solid solutions Li2NiF4–Li2CoF4 are stable up to ca. 30 % cobalt. High‐temperature X‐ray diffraction measurements also show no evidence for the existence of pure Li2CoF4. These findings are supported by quantum chemical calculations.
Climate change, phenology and species detectability in a monitoring scheme
Authors: Lehikoinen Aleksi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe knowledge of the state of biodiversity on the globe is based on a large number of monitoring schemes. Quite often the results of these schemes are sensitive to the timing of monitoring due to the phenology of species, which in turn may affect the detectability of species during censuses. As global warming has been shown to cause changes in phenology, there is an increasing risk that species detectability will be altered if the timing of monitoring is not adapted to this change. I tested how sensitive species detectability is to the timing of censuses and whether there are potential climate‐driven temporal changes in the detectability of 73 Finnish land bird species monitored using single‐visit line‐transects in 1987–2010. This was done by investigating seasonal and annual patterns in the proportion of birds in the main belt and those detected by displaying activity. Over 20 of the study species showed significant changes in detectability within the census season. However, only three species showed a significant trend in annual detectability. According to multi‐species analyses there was a slight but significant increasing trend in the proportion of displaying birds and a slight decreasing trend in the proportion of birds in the main belt. However, the observed species‐specific annual changes in displaying activity or in proportion of birds in main belt were not associated with the observed population trends of species during the same period. Nevertheless, the findings highlight a strong potential risk that species detectability can change if climate change escalates in the future. I recommend researchers to investigate how sensitive their monitoring systems are for phenological changes and prepare tools for taking potential changes in detectability into account.
A simplePichia pastorisfermentation and downstream processing strategy for making recombinant pandemic Swine Origin Influenza A virus Hemagglutinin protein
Authors: Athmaram T N , Singh Anil Kumar , Saraswat Shweta , Srivastava Saurabh , Misra Princi , Kameswara Rao M , Gopalan N , Rao P V L 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe present Influenza vaccine manufacturing process has posed a clear impediment to initiation of rapid mass vaccination against spreading pandemic influenza. New vaccine strategies are therefore needed that can accelerate the vaccine production. Pichia offers several advantages for rapid and economical bulk production of recombinant proteins and, hence, can be attractive alternative for producing an effective influenza HA based subunit vaccine. The recombinant Pichia harboring the transgene was subjected to fed-batch fermentation at 10 L scale. A simple fermentation and downstream processing strategy is developed for high-yield secretory expression of the recombinant Hemagglutinin protein of pandemic Swine Origin Influenza A virus using Pichia pastoris via fed-batch fermentation. Expression and purification were optimized and the expressed recombinant Hemagglutinin protein was verified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blot and MALDI-TOF analysis. In this paper, we describe a fed-batch fermentation protocol for the secreted production of Swine Influenza A Hemagglutinin protein in the P. pastoris GS115 strain. We have shown that there is a clear relationship between product yield and specific growth rate. The fed-batch fermentation and downstream processing methods optimized in the present study have immense practical application for high-level production of the recombinant H1N1 HA protein in a cost effective way using P. pastoris.
Treatment of acute decompensation of maple syrup urine disease in adult patients with a new parenteral amino‐acid mixture
Authors: Servais A. , Arnoux J. B. , Lamy C. , Hummel A. , Vittoz N. , Katerinis I. , Bazzaoui V. , Dubois S. , Broissand C. , Husson M. C. , Berleur M. P. , Rabier D. , Ottolenghi C. , Valayannopoulos V. , de Lonlay P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundAcute decompensation of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is usually treated by enteral feeding with an amino‐acid mixture without leucine (Leu), valine or isoleucine. However, its administration is ineffective in cases of gastric intolerance and some adult patients refuse enteral feeding via a nasogastric tube. We developed a new parenteral amino‐acid mixture for patients with MSUD.MethodsSeventeen decompensation episodes in four adult patients with MSUD treated with a parenteral amino‐acid mixture (group P) were compared to 18 previous episodes in the same patients treated by enteral feeding (group E).ResultsThe mean Leu concentration at presentation was similar in the groups P and E (1196.9 μmol/L and 1212.2 μmol/L, respectively). The mean decrease in the Leu concentration during the first 3 days of hospitalisation was significantly higher in group P than group E (p = 0.0026); there were no side effects. The mean duration of hospitalisation was similar (4 vs. 4.5 days, p = NS). No patient in group P deteriorated whereas one patient in group E required dialysis.ConclusionThis new parenteral amino‐acid mixture is safe and allows efficient Leu concentration decrease during acute MSUD decompensation episodes in adults. Its use avoids the need for nasogastric tube insertion.
Selegiline (deprenyl) decreases calbindin‐D28k expression in cortical neurons of rats socially deprived during the post‐weaning period
Authors: Pascual Rodrigo , Zamora‐León Pilar , Bustamante Carlos 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPreclinical studies indicate that selegiline (deprenyl), frequently used in some neurodegenerative diseases, exert protective effects on central nervous system neurons of individuals exposed to social isolation (SI). Furthermore, it has been suggested that SI produces neuronal dysfunction due in part to an excessive intracellular Ca2+ overload. Since the main intracellular Ca2+ buffering mechanism involves changes in the calcium‐binding protein calbindin‐D28k (CB), and that CB neuronal expression can increase in response to Ca2+ transients, we hypothesized that chronic selegiline administration in early socially isolated animals could minimize cell CB expression as an indirect indicator of protective mechanism against Ca2+ overload. In the present study male rats were weaned at postnatal day 21 (P21) and randomly assigned to social deprivation (SI) or control (SC) environments for 30 days (P21–51). SI animals were further subdivided in two experimental groups: socially deprived‐saline (SI‐SAL) and socially isolated‐selegiline (SI‐SEL) for additional 30 days (P52–82). Medial frontal CB immunoreactivity (CB‐ir) neurons were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The results obtained indicate that neocortical cells of adult rats submitted to early SI show a significant increase in the number of CB‐ir neurons per cortical field, while selegiline treatment significantly reduces this parameter.
Frontolimbic atrophy is associated with agitation and aggression in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Trzepacz Paula T. , Yu Peng , Bhamidipati Phani K. , Willis Brian , Forrester Tammy , Tabas Linda , Schwarz Adam J. , Saykin Andrew J. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThe neuroanatomy of agitation and aggression in Alzheimer's disease is not well understood.MethodsWe analyzed 24 months of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data for patients with Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment‐stable, and mild cognitive impairment‐converter (n = 462) using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire Agitation and Aggression subscale. Magnetic resonance imaging regions of interest that correlated with Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire Agitation and Aggression subscale raw scores were included in mixed‐model, repeated‐measures analyses of agitation and aggression over time with age, sex, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, education, and Mini‐Mental State Examination score as covariates.ResultsNeuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire Agitation and Aggression subscale scores worsened in patients with Alzheimer's disease and in mild cognitive impairment‐converter (P < .05; trend for mild cognitive impairment, P = .0518). Greater agitation and aggression severity was associated with greater atrophy of frontal, insular, amygdala, cingulate, and hippocampal regions of interest (P < .05). Mini‐Mental State Examination score was significant in mixed‐effect model repeated measures only in mild cognitive impairment‐converters for posterior regions of interest. Demographics and apolipoprotein ε4 were not associated with agitation and aggression.ConclusionsAgitation and aggression in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment is associated with neurodegeneration affecting the anterior salience network that may reduce capacity to process and regulate behaviors properly.
Diagnostic utility of freehand core-needle biopsy in head and neck masses
Authors: Bowyer D J , Smillie I , Ganly I 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjective:To review our experience with freehand core-needle biopsy in the assessment of unexplained head and neck masses.Methods:A total of 770 patients with head and neck masses (referred over a 22-month period) were evaluated. A retrospective chart review was performed on 53 of those patients who underwent core-needle biopsy for an unexplained mass.Results:Correct sampling of the target tissue was achieved in all 53 patients (100 per cent) using a freehand core-needle biopsy technique. The diagnostic accuracy for providing adequate tissue samples for histopathological diagnosis was 96 per cent; the test sensitivity was 92 per cent. Four patients (7 per cent) required open surgical biopsy prior to commencing definitive treatment.Conclusion:Out-patient freehand core-needle biopsy can be carried out safely on select patients with head and neck masses, and provides high quality histopathology specimens with high diagnostic utility.