bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy Prenatal Dietary Pattern and Offspring Autism
Authors: Friel Catherine , Leyland Alastair H. , Anderson Jana J. , Havdahl Alexandra , Brantsæter Anne Lise , Dundas Ruth 
Published: July 2024

ImportancePrenatal diet may be causally related to autism; however, findings are inconsistent, with a limited body of research based on small sample sizes and retrospective study designs.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of prenatal dietary patterns with autism diagnosis and autism-associated traits in 2 large prospective cohorts, the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from MoBa and ALSPAC birth cohort studies conducted across Norway and in the Southwest of England, respectively. Participants were people with singleton pregnancies with self-reported food frequency questionnaire responses. MoBa recruited between 2002 and 2008, and ALSPAC recruited between 1990 and 1992, and children were followed-up until age 8 years or older. Recruitment rates were 41% (95 200 of 277 702 eligible pregnancies) in MoBa and 72% (14 541 of 20 248 eligible pregnancies) in ALSPAC. Data analysis occurred February 1, 2022, to August 1, 2023.ExposureA healthy prenatal dietary pattern was derived using factor analysis and modeled as low, medium, and high adherence.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIn MoBa, the offspring outcomes were autism diagnosis and elevated social communication questionnaire score at ages 3 years and 8 years, with further analysis of the social communication difficulties and restrictive and repetitive behaviors subdomains. In ALSPAC, offspring outcomes were elevated social communication difficulties checklist score at age 8 years. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using generalized nonlinear models.ResultsMoBa included 84 548 pregnancies (mean [SD] age, 30.2 [4.6] years; 43 277 [51.2%] male offspring) and ALSPAC had 11 760 pregnancies (mean [SD] age, 27.9 [4.7] years; 6034 [51.3%] male offspring). In the final adjusted models, high adherence to a healthy dietary pattern, compared with low adherence, was associated with reduced odds of autism diagnosis (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66-0.92) and social communication difficulties at age 3 years in MoBa (OR 0.76, 95% CI, 0.70-0.82) and age 8 years in ALSPAC (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55-0.98). There was no consistent evidence of association with the other outcomes.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of mother-child dyads, adherence to a healthy prenatal dietary pattern was associated with a lower odds of autism diagnosis and social communication difficulties but not restrictive and repetitive behaviors.
Development and Evaluation of a Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Model Framework for Ophthalmology
Authors: Luo Ming-Jie , Pang Jianyu , Bi Shaowei , Lai Yunxi , Zhao Jiaman , Shang Yuanrui , Cui Tingxin , Yang Yahan , Lin Zhenzhe , Zhao Lanqin , Wu Xiaohang , Lin Duoru , Chen Jingjing , Lin Haotian 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceAlthough augmenting large language models (LLMs) with knowledge bases may improve medical domain–specific performance, practical methods are needed for local implementation of LLMs that address privacy concerns and enhance accessibility for health care professionals.ObjectiveTo develop an accurate, cost-effective local implementation of an LLM to mitigate privacy concerns and support their practical deployment in health care settings.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsChatZOC (Sun Yat-Sen University Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center), a retrieval-augmented LLM framework, was developed by enhancing a baseline LLM with a comprehensive ophthalmic dataset and evaluation framework (CODE), which includes over 30 000 pieces of ophthalmic knowledge. This LLM was benchmarked against 10 representative LLMs, including GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 Turbo (OpenAI), across 300 clinical questions in ophthalmology. The evaluation, involving a panel of medical experts and biomedical researchers, focused on accuracy, utility, and safety. A double-masked approach was used to try to minimize bias assessment across all models. The study used a comprehensive knowledge base derived from ophthalmic clinical practice, without directly involving clinical patients.ExposuresLLM response to clinical questions.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAccuracy, utility, and safety of LLMs in responding to clinical questions.ResultsThe baseline model achieved a human ranking score of 0.48. The retrieval-augmented LLM had a score of 0.60, a difference of 0.12 (95% CI, 0.02-0.22; P = .02) from baseline and not different from GPT-4 with a score of 0.61 (difference = 0.01; 95% CI, −0.11 to 0.13; P = .89). For scientific consensus, the retrieval-augmented LLM was 84.0% compared with the baseline model of 46.5% (difference = 37.5%; 95% CI, 29.0%-46.0%; P &amp;lt; .001) and not different from GPT-4 with a value of 79.2% (difference = 4.8%; 95% CI, −0.3% to 10.0%; P = .06).Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this quality improvement study suggest that the integration of high-quality knowledge bases improved the LLM’s performance in medical domains. This study highlights the transformative potential of augmented LLMs in clinical practice by providing reliable, safe, and practical clinical information. Further research is needed to explore the broader application of such frameworks in the real world.
Ecosystem functions and services in urban stormwater ponds: Co‐producing knowledge for better management
Authors: Marques Piatã , Illyes Edina , McCauley Shannon , Jackson Donald A. , Michalakos Diana , Ferzoco Ilia Maria C. , Timms Laura , Murray Rosalind L. , MacFarlane Zira S. , Duval Tim P. , Dolson Rebecca , Din Sajjad , Pebesma Dale , Kirkwood Andrea E. , Turner Nicole A. , Clayton Jon , Horton Kaitlyn , Boston Christine M. , Sapozhnikova Ekaterina , Cadotte Marc W. , Mandrak Nicholas E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Urban stormwater management ponds (SWMPs) are widely employed for stormwater control, but knowledge about their contributions to urban ecosystem function and service delivery remains unclear. We organized a workshop that brought together researchers, managers and students to assess and discuss current information on SWMP ecosystem function and services, identify perceived knowledge gaps and prioritize research needs, to advance understanding and management of SWMPs in Ontario, Canada.

Workshop participants identified habitat provisioning and regulation of water quality and quantity as key ecosystem functions in SWMPs. They also recognized carbon sequestration, flood prevention, water purification, educational potential, human health promotion and community engagement as important ecosystem services provided by SWMPs.

Despite the availability of engineering information and practitioner knowledge, workshop participants suggested that information on the impacts of maintenance operations, biological condition, water quality, costs and benefits and impact on surrounding landscape are important gaps that hinder a modern approach to design and management of SWMPs for multiple co‐benefits.

Participants suggested current gaps can be tackled with a combination of continuous water‐quality monitoring, field, laboratory and mesocosm experiments. They also suggested that future SWMP studies take advantage of existing community and governmental databases using meta‐analyses to summarize knowledge and provide future directions.

Practical implication: By linking knowledge gaps to management needs, this practice insight provides a road map that can be used to advance management of SWMPs in Ontario and elsewhere.
Hole‐Carrier‐Dominant Transport in 2D Single‐Crystal Copper
Authors: Ok Jong Mok , Kang Kyungrok , Hyun Jounghoon , Lim Chan‐Young , Gim Seonggeon , Hwang Jinwoong , Denlinger Jonathan D. , Cheon Miyeon , Regmi Binod , Lee Ji‐Eun , Ryu Hyejin , Kim Su Jae , Lee Yousil , Kim Young‐Hoon , Kim Young‐Min , Kim Yeongkwan , Kim Seong‐Gon , Yang Heejun , Jeong Se‐Young 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn 2D noble metals like copper, the carrier scattering at grain boundaries has obscured the intrinsic nature of electronic transport. However, it is demonstrated that the intrinsic nature of transport by hole carriers in 2D copper can be revealed by growing thin films without grain boundaries. As even a slight deviation from the twin boundary is perceived as grain boundaries by electrons, it is only through the thorough elimination of grain boundaries that the hidden hole‐like attribute of 2D single‐crystal copper can be unmasked. Two types of Fermi surfaces, a large hexagonal Fermi surface centered at the zone center and the triangular Fermi surface around the zone corner, tightly matching to the calculated Fermi surface topology, confirmed by angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements and vivid nonlinear Hall effects of the 2D single‐crystal copper account for the presence of hole carriers experimentally. This breakthrough suggests the potential to manipulate the majority carrier polarity in metals by means of grain boundary engineering in a 2D geometry.
Tailor‐Made Gold Nanomaterials for Applications in Soft Bioelectronics and Optoelectronics
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Liu Yi , Lu Yuerui , Gong Shu , Haick Hossam , Cheng Wenlong , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn modern nanoscience and nanotechnology, gold nanomaterials are indispensable building blocks that have demonstrated a plethora of applications in catalysis, biology, bioelectronics, and optoelectronics. Gold nanomaterials possess many appealing material properties, such as facile control over their size/shape and surface functionality, intrinsic chemical inertness yet with high biocompatibility, adjustable localized surface plasmon resonances, tunable conductivity, wide electrochemical window, etc. Such material attributes have been recently utilized for designing and fabricating soft bioelectronics and optoelectronics. This motivates to give a comprehensive overview of this burgeoning field. The discussion of representative tailor‐made gold nanomaterials, including gold nanocrystals, ultrathin gold nanowires, vertically aligned gold nanowires, hard template‐assisted gold nanowires/gold nanotubes, bimetallic/trimetallic gold nanowires, gold nanomeshes, and gold nanosheets, is begun. This is followed by the description of various fabrication methodologies for state‐of‐the‐art applications such as strain sensors, pressure sensors, electrochemical sensors, electrophysiological devices, energy‐storage devices, energy‐harvesting devices, optoelectronics, and others. Finally, the remaining challenges and opportunities are discussed.
A Damaging COL6A3 Variant Alters the MIR31HG‐Regulated Response of Chondrocytes in Neocartilage Organoids to Hyperphysiologic Mechanical Loading
Authors: Bloks Niek GC , Harissa Zainab , Mazzini Giorgia , Adkar Shaunak S , Dicks Amanda R , Hajmousa Ghazaleh , Steward Nancy , Koning Roman I. , Mulder Aat , de Koning Berend B.R. , Kloppenburg Margreet , de Almeida Rodrigo Coutinho , Ramos Yolande FM , Guilak Farshid , Meulenbelt Ingrid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe pericellular matrix (PCM), with its hallmark proteins collagen type VI (COLVI) and fibronectin (FN), surrounds chondrocytes and is critical in transducing the biomechanical cues. To identify genetic variants that change protein function, exome sequencing is performed in a patient with symptomatic OA at multiple joint sites. A predicted damaging variant in COL6A3 is identified and introduced by CRISPR‐Cas9 genome engineering in two established human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived in‐vitro neocartilage organoid models. The downstream effects of the COL6A3 variant on the chondrocyte phenotypic state are studied by a multi‐omics (mRNA and lncRNA) approach in interaction with hyper‐physiological mechanical loading conditions. The damaging variant in COL6A3 results in significantly lower binding between the PCM proteins COLVI and FN and provokes an osteoarthritic chondrocyte state. By subsequently exposing the neocartilage organoids to hyperphysiological mechanical stress, it is demonstrated that the COL6A3 variant in chondrocytes abolishes the characteristic inflammatory signaling response after mechanical loading with PTGS2, PECAM1, and ADAMTS5, as central genes. Finally, by integrating epigenetic regulation, the lncRNA MIR31HG is identified as key regulator of the characteristic inflammatory signaling response to mechanical loading.
M/BiOCl‐(M = Pt, Pd, and Au) Boosted Selective Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2 Hydrocarbons via *CHO Intermediate Manipulation
Authors: Liu Qiong , Bai Chengbo , Zhu Chengxin , Guo Wenjin , Li Guangfang , Guo Sheng , Kripalani Devesh , Zhou Kun , Chen Rong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSelective CO2 photoreduction to C2 hydrocarbons is significant but limited by the inadequate adsorption strength of the reaction intermediates and low efficiency of proton transfer. Herein, an ameliorative *CO adsorption and H2O activation strategy is realized via decorating bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanostructures with different metal (Pt, Pd, and Au) species. Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that distinct *CO binding energies and *H acquisition abilities of the metal cocatalysts mediate the CO2 reduction activity and hydrocarbon selectivity. The relatively moderate *CO adsorption and *H supply over Pd/BiOCl endows it with the lowest free energy to generate *CHO, leading to its highest activity of hydrocarbon production. Specifically, the Pt cocatalyst can efficiently participate in H2O dissociation to deliver more *H for facilitating the protonation of the *CHO and *CHOH, thereby favoring CH4 production with 76.51% selectivity. A lower *H supply over Pd/BiOCl and Au/BiOCl results in a large energy barrier for *CHO or *CHOH protonation and thus a more thermodynamically favored OC─CHO coupling pathway, which endows them with vastly increased C2 hydrocarbon selectivity of 81.21% and 92.81%, respectively. The understanding of efficient C2 hydrocarbon production in this study sheds light on how materials can be engineered for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
An Osteoimmunomodulatory Biopatch Potentiates Stem Cell Therapies for Bone Regeneration by Simultaneously Regulating IL‐17/Ferroptosis Signaling Pathways
Authors: Liu Shan , Wang Wenle , Chen Zhiyu , Wu Peng , Pu Wendan , Li Gang , Song Jinlin , Zhang Jianxiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrently, there are still great challenges in promoting bone defect healing, a common health problem affecting millions of people. Herein an osteoimmunity‐regulating biopatch capable of promoting stem cell‐based therapies for bone regeneration is developed. A totally biodegradable conjugate is first synthesized, which can self‐assemble into bioactive nano micelles (PPT NMs). This nanotherapy effectively improves the osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) under pathological conditions, by simultaneously regulating IL‐17 signaling and ferroptosis pathways. Incorporation of PPT NMs into biodegradable electrospun nanofibers affords a bioactive patch, which notably improves bone formation in two rat bone defect models. A Janus bio patch is then engineered by integrating the bioactive patch with a stem cell sheet of PDLSCs. The obtained biopatch shows additionally potentiated bone regeneration capacity, by synergistically regulating osteoimmune microenvironment and facilitating stem cell differentiation. Further surface functionalization of the biopatch with tannic acid considerably increases its adhesion to the bone defect, prolongs local retention, and sustains bioactivities, thereby offering much better repair effects in rats with mandibular or cranial bone defects. Moreover, the engineered bioactive patches display good safety. Besides bone defects, this osteoimmunity‐regulating biopatch strategy can be applied to promote stem cell therapies for spinal cord injury, wound healing, and skin burns.
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles via DNA Accumulation Boost Antitumor Dendritic Cell Vaccine Efficacy
Authors: Lv Linwen , Zhang Junzhe , Wang Yujiao , Liang Haojun , Liu Qiuyang , Hu Fan , Li Hao , Su Wenxi , Zhang Junhui , Chen Ranran , Chen Ziteng , Wang Zhijie , Li Jiacheng , Yan Ruyu , Yang Mingxin , Chang Ya‐nan , Li Juan , Liang Tianjiao , Xing Gengmei , Chen Kui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRadiated tumor cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (RT‐EVs) encapsulate abundant DNA fragments from irradiated tumor cells, in addition to acting as integrators of multiple tumor antigens. Accumulating evidence indicates these DNA fragments from damaged cells are involved in downstream immune responses, but most of them are degraded in cells before incorporation into derived RT‐EVs, thus the low abundance of DNA fragments limits immune responses of RT‐EVs. Here, this study found that different radiations affected fates of DNA fragments in RT‐EVs. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) induced DNA accumulation in RT‐EVs (BEVs) by causing more DNA breaks and DNA oxidation resisting nuclease degradation. This is attributed to the high‐linear energy transfer (LET) properties of alpha particles from the neutron capture reaction of 10B. When being internalized by dendritic cells (DCs), BEVs activated the DNA sensing pathway, resulting in functional enhancements including antigen presentation, migration capacity, and cytokine secretion. After vaccination of the BEVs‐educated DCs (BEV@BMDCs), the effector T cells significantly expanded and infiltrated into tumors, suggesting robust anti‐tumor immune activation. BEV@BMDCs not only effectively inhibited the primary tumor growth and metastasis formation but also elicited long‐term immune memory. In conclusion, a successful DC vaccine is provided as a promising candidate for tumor vaccine.
Mimicking Classical Conditioning of Fear Using a Dynamic Synaptic Memristor
Authors: Ju Dongyeol , Kim Sungjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe growing demand for energy‐efficient computing has prompted investigations into the diverse functionalities of resistive switching memristors, which show promise for neuromorphic computing. These memristors can emulate artificial synapses, nociceptors, and computational capabilities like reservoir computing. However, the integration of emotions, a critical aspect of brain function, remains unexplored in memristors. This study explores the emulation of fear, a crucial emotion that enables individuals to avoid potential danger through learned behavior, using a two‐terminal Al/NbOx/Pt memristor structure. Leveraging the volatile behavior and non‐filamentary switching mechanism of the memristor, synaptic functions and synaptic plasticity changes based on incoming spikes are mimicked. Furthermore, classical fear conditioning is employed to demonstrate fear simulation within the memristor, including the crucial aspects of extinction, generalization, and avoidance. The results showcase the potential of the Al/NbOx/Pt memristor for efficient synapse emulation and neuromorphic applications, as well as its ability to provide enhanced insights into brain function through emotion emulation, enabling versatile future applications of the memristive device.
Revolutionizing Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts: Efficient and Ultrastable Interstitial W‐Doped NiFe‐LDHs/MOFs through Controlled Topological Conversion of Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Bao Yiwei , Liang Xiongyi , Zhang Hao , Bu Xiuming , Cai ZiYan , Yang Yikai , Yin Di , Zhang Yuxuan , Chen Lijie , Yang Cheng , Hu Xiulan , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Ho Johnny C , Wang Xianying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) show promise as electrocatalysts due to their unique intrinsic features, their activity and stability often fall short. Herein, NiFe‐MOFs is used as a model to introduce group VIB metalates (Na2WO4, Na2CrO4, and Na2MoO4) into the topological conversion process of layer double hydroxide (LDHs)/MOFs, creating a series of interstitial VIB element‐doped LDHs/MOFs catalysts. The metalates engage in the alkaline hydrolysis process of MOF, generating LDHs on the MOF surface. Furthermore, altering the pH value in the reaction environment can modify the catalysts' morphology, dopant/LDHs content, and electronic structure. Consequently, the prepared interstitial W‐doped NiFe‐LDHs/MOFs catalyst displays superior catalytic performance, with overpotentials of only 250 mV at 500 mA cm−2. Moreover, a homemade anion‐exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) system featuring the fabricated electrocatalyst as the anode can operate stably for 500 hours at 1 A cm−2. The exceptional catalytic activity and stability stem from optimized intermediate adsorption/desorption behavior and the unique LDHs/MOFs nanostructure. This work not only highlights the potential of the catalysts for practical applications but also offers a new design approach for modulating MOFs using an alkaline hydrolysis strategy.
GSH‐responsive photoactivated nano‐bactericide based on sulfonated sodium alginate for improving photostability and targeting of methylene blue
Authors: Xiao Yaqi , Cai Zhi , Yi Ying , Yin Yihua , Cai Weiquan , He Guanghua , Zhang Jingli , Xu Wenjin , Li Yaru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCationic photosensitizers have higher photodynamic antibacterial activity compared with anionic photosensitizers, and with low toxicity and no drug resistance. However, their poor photostability and low utilization rate limit their practical applications. Herein, a new strategy for the construction of a GSH‐responsive antibacterial nanogel system is developed via the electrostatic interaction between methylene blue (MB) and sulfonated sodium alginate (HSSA) to self‐assemble into nanoparticles followed by sulfhydryl cross‐linking in an aqueous solution. The photobleaching of MB can be inhibited due to the self‐aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect, but the photodynamic activity can be restored by breaking the disulfide‐crosslinking bonds in the nanogel in response to 10 mM GSH. In vitro antibacterial tests prove that the system has antibacterial activity beyond anionic photosensitizers. Antibacterial studies on plants show that the system has targeted antibacterial activity on infected plants and good wettability, retention, and adhesion to plant leaves. Safety evaluation shows that the system has no obvious toxic effect on plants. Therefore, this study provides a new approach to the discovery of novel photodynamic bactericides.
Composite finite‐time output voltage tracking control of energy storage inverters with mismatched multiple disturbances
Authors: Huang Saijin , Li Guanjun , Wang Xiangyu , Li Haoyuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the finite‐time output voltage tracking control problem of energy storage inverters. Multiple load conditions are simultaneously considered. To complete the tracking control task and enhance the power quality under different loads, a composite control scheme, which contains two parts, is proposed. In the first part, two finite‐time disturbance observers are established to estimate the mismatched multiple disturbances originating from load variations. In the second part, new integral‐type sliding‐mode surfaces embedding disturbance estimates and
‐axis couplings are designed, which not only feedforward compensate for the disturbances but also achieve decoupling. Based on the sliding‐mode surfaces, a composite controller is constructed. Compared with the existing results, the proposed controller is continuous and significantly reduces chattering. Moreover, with the novel decoupling strategy, the
‐axis coupling problem is solved precisely without generalizing the couplings as disturbances, which simplifies the observation task and further accelerates system convergence. Rigorous stability analysis is conducted to demonstrate the accomplishment of the finite‐time tracking task. Simulations and experiments are presented to validate the effects of the proposed control scheme.