bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Effective Treatment for A 5‐Log Reduction of Escherichia coli in Refrigerated Pickle Products
Authors: Lu Huiying J. , Breidt Frederick , Pérez‐Díaz Ilenys 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRefrigerated cucumber pickle products cannot be heat processed due to the loss of characteristic sensory attributes. Typically brined refrigerated pickles contain less than 100 mM acetic acid with pH values of 3.7 to 4.0. Refrigeration (4 to 10 °C) helps to inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria and maintain flavor, texture, and appearance of the pickles. Previous research has shown that pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are unusually acid resistant and survive better in refrigerated acid solutions than at higher temperatures. We found that E. coli O157:H7 can survive for 1 mo or longer at 4 °C in brines typical of commercial refrigerated pickles. Our objective was to develop methods to assure a 5‐log reduction of pathogenic E. coli in these types of products, while maintaining the sensory characteristics. A novel brine formulation was developed, based on current commercial refrigerated pickle brines, which contained 25 mM fumaric acid, 5 mM benzoic acid, 70 mM acetic acid, and 342 mM (2%) sodium chloride, with a pH of 3.8. Sensory data indicate that this formulation did not affect flavor or other sensory attributes of the product, compared to traditional formulations. We achieved a 5‐log reduction of E. coli O157:H7 at 30 °C for 1.52 ± 0.15 d, at 20 °C for 3.12 ± 0.34 d, or at 10 °C for 8.83 ± 0.56 d. Growth of lactic acid bacteria was also inhibited. These results can be used by manufacturers to assure a 5‐log reduction in cell numbers of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella without a heat process during the manufacture of refrigerated pickle products.Practical Application: While refrigerated acidified vegetable products are exempt from the acidified foods regulations, we have shown that the vegetative microbial pathogens E. coli O157:H7 can survive for up to 1 mo in these products, given current commercial production practices. To improve the safety of refrigerated pickle products, a brine formulation with reduced acetic acid, but containing fumaric acid, was developed to assure a 5‐log reduction in cell numbers of E. coli O157:H7 without a heat process. The formulation can be used to assure the safety of refrigerated pickled vegetables without altering sensory characteristics.
A retrospective analysis of survival outcomes for two different radiotherapy fractionation schedules given in the same overall time for limited stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Bettington Catherine S , Tripcony Lee , Bryant Guy , Hickey Brigid , Pratt Gary , Fay Michael 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurposeTo compare survival outcomes for two fractionation schedules of thoracic radiotherapy, both given over 3 weeks, in patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer (LS‐SCLC).Methods and MaterialsAt Radiation Oncology Mater Centre (ROMC) and the Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital (RBWH), patients with LS‐SCLC treated with curative intent are given radiotherapy (with concurrent chemotherapy) to a dose of either 40 Gy in 15 fractions (‘the 40 Gy/15# group’) or 45 Gy in 30 fractions (‘the 45 Gy/30# group’). The choice largely depends on institutional preference. Both these schedules are given over 3 weeks, using daily and twice‐daily fractionation respectively. The records of all such patients treated from January 2000 to July 2009 were retrospectively reviewed and survival outcomes between the two groups compared.ResultsOf 118 eligible patients, there were 38 patients in the 40 Gy/15# group and 41 patients in the 45 Gy/30# group. The median relapse‐free survival time was 12 months in both groups. Median overall survival was 21 months (95% CI 2–37 months) in the 40 Gy/15# group and 26 months (95% CI 1–48 months) in the 45 Gy/30# group. The 5‐year overall survival rates were 20% and 25%, respectively (P = 0.24). On multivariate analysis, factors influencing overall survival were: whether prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was given (P = 0.01) and whether salvage chemotherapy was given at the time of relapse (P = 0.057).ConclusionsGiven the small sample size, the potential for selection bias and the retrospective nature of our study it is not possible to draw firm conclusions regarding the efficacy of hypofractionated thoracic radiotherapy compared with hyperfractionated accelerated thoracic radiotherapy however hypofractionated radiotherapy may result in equivalent relapse‐free survival.
Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and pubertal development in sons. A follow‐up study of a birth cohort
Authors: Håkonsen L. B. , Olsen J. , Støvring H. , Ernst A. , Thulstrup A. M. , Zhu J. L. , Shrestha A. , Ramlau‐Hansen C. H. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryEpidemiological studies have raised concern about the reproductive consequences of prenatal cigarette smoking exposure, possibly affecting semen quality and onset of pubertal development of the offspring. The aim of this study was to further investigate pubertal development in young men exposed to cigarette smoking in foetal life. In a Danish pregnancy cohort, information on maternal smoking during pregnancy was available from questionnaires administered in 1984–1987, and information on pubertal development, assessed by age at first nocturnal emission, acne, voice break and regular shaving, was obtained from a follow‐up questionnaire administered in 2005 to the young men (age: 18–21). We found no significant association between prenatal cigarette smoking exposure and earlier onset of puberty, but we did observe a tendency towards earlier age of first nocturnal emission, acne and voice break, indicating an accelerated age of pubertal development. Men exposed to ≥15 cigarettes/day had 3.1 months (95% CI: −6.4; 0.2) earlier age at acne and 2.2 months (95% CI: −7.3; 3.0) earlier age at first nocturnal emission, 1.2 months (95% CI: −4.6; 2.2) earlier age at voice break, however, 1.3 months (95% CI: −1.6; 4.3) later age at regular shaving, compared with unexposed men. Prenatal cigarette smoking exposure may induce an earlier age at onset of puberty in young men, but larger studies with prospectively collected data on pubertal development are needed to explore this hypothesis further.
Different Paths of Regional Integration: Trade Networks and Regional Institution‐Building in Europe, Southeast Asia and Southern Africa
Authors: Krapohl Sebastian , Fink Simon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article argues that regional integration can follow three different developmental paths, depending on the centrality of external economic actors and economic asymmetries in regional trade networks. The first path causes intra‐regional interdependence, the second path reinforces dependence on extra‐regional actors, and the third path reinforces asymmetries in the region. The article illustrates this argument using diachronic network visualization of trade networks in three world regions. The European Union (EU) corresponds to the first path, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to the second and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) to the third. The theoretical argument and empirical analysis in the article demonstrate how regional organizations get locked into these developmental paths, and how regional integration reinforces rather than changes existing economic structures.
Fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy for Bowen’s disease treatment
Authors: Truchuelo M.T. , Pérez B. , Fernández‐Guarino M. , Moreno C. , Jaén‐Olasolo P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroduction  It has already been demonstrated the high efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for Bowen’s disease (BD) treatment. Fluorescence diagnosis consists on registration of the fluorescence emitted by tissue after application of a photosensitizer, indicating presence of tumoral cells. It has been described as a useful tool for actinic keratosis. Different results have been published about fluorescence diagnosis for basal cell carcinomas. Very few reports about the role of fluorescence diagnosis for this entity exist and this is the first one which correlates the fluorescence image after PDT with the histopathological response.Objectives  To assess the role of fluorescence diagnosis during BD follow‐up.Methods  We carried out an observational, retrospective and descriptive study. A total of 29 BD biopsy proven lesions were included. All the lesions had been treated with the standard protocol (Topical methyl‐ aminolaevulinic acid under occlusion for 3 hours and followed by illumination with red‐light (630 nm, 38J/cm2, 7.5 minutes. Two sessions one week apart). Clinical and fluorescence photographs were taken before treatment and one month after the 2nd one. At that moment a post‐treatment biopsy was performed. Clinical response was classified as partial, complete or no response. Fluorescence response was classified as negative, intermediate or intense. The follow‐up period and the adverse events observed including pain were also collected.Results  We found statistical association between fluorescence and the clinical and histopathological evaluations performed after treatment. Fluorescence diagnosis obtained a 100% sensitivity (higher than clinical evaluation alone) and a specificity of 85.7% (CI: 70.8‐100).Conclusions  Fluorescence diagnosis seems a valid diagnostic tool, useful during the follow up of Bowen disease lesions with the advantage of avoiding unnecessary post‐treatment biopsies.
Dermoscopic yellow structures in basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Bellucci C. , Arginelli F. , Bassoli S. , Magnoni C. , Seidenari S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundYellowish structures in dermoscopy comprise milia‐like cysts (MLCs) and yellow lobular‐like structures.ObjectiveThis study aimed at establishing the frequency of these features in BCC and at describing their dermoscopic details.MethodsA retrospective analysis of digital dermoscopic images referring to 400 BCCs was performed. Images were evaluated for the presence of starry and cloudy MLCs and yellow lobular‐like structures.ResultsAmong the 400 BCCs constituting our database, 40 presented yellowish structures (10%). “Yellow” BCCs were located more frequently on the head and were mainly of the nodular type. MLCs were observed in 7.75% of the cases (with a mean number of 4.9 MLCs per lesion), whereas yellow globules were noticed in 4.2% /ucodep of the lesions.ConclusionIn the presence of BCC specific dermoscopic criteria, the observation of MLCs and yellow lobular‐like structures should not prompt the dermatologist to exclude the diagnosis of BCC.
Multiple Components are Integrated to Determine Leaf Complexity in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Chen Jianghua , Weng Lin , Li Xin , Cao Xianglin , Hu Xiaohe , Luo Da , Yang Jun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTranscription factors and phytohormones have been reported to play crucial roles to regulate leaf complexity among plant species. Using the compound‐leafed species Lotus japonicus, a model legume plant with five visible leaflets, we characterized four independent mutants with reduced leaf complexity, proliferating floral meristem (pfm), proliferating floral organ‐2 (pfo‐2), fused leaflets1 (ful1) and umbrella leaflets (uml), which were further identified as loss‐of‐function mutants of Arabidopsis orthologs LEAFY (LFY), UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO), CUP‐SHAPED COTYLEDON 2 (CUC2) and PIN‐FORMED 1 (PIN1), respectively. Comparing the leaf development of wild‐type and mutants by a scanning electron microscopy approach, leaflet initiation and/or dissection were found to be affected in these mutants. Expression and phenotype analysis indicated that PFM/LjLFY and PFO/LjUFO determined the basipetal leaflet initiation manner in L. japonicus. Genetic analysis of ful1 and uml mutants and their double mutants revealed that the CUC2‐like gene and auxin pathway also participated in leaflet dissection in L. japonicus, and their functions might influence cytokinin biogenesis directly or indirectly. Our results here suggest that multiple genes were interplayed and played conserved functions in controlling leaf complexity during compound leaf development in L. japonicus.
Body mass index of adults with intellectual disability participating in Special Olympics by world region
Authors: Temple V. A. , Foley J. T. , Lloyd M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disability (ID) experience poorer health and have more unmet health needs compared with people without ID, and they are often absent from population health surveillance. The aim of this study was to describe the body mass index (BMI) status of adult Special Olympics participants by world region and gender. Additionally, the general influence of age and gender on overweight/obesity of all participants was explored.MethodA total of 11 643 (7150 male and 4493 female) Special Olympics BMI records were available from the Special Olympics International Health Promotion database. BMI was compared by gender and world region. Logistic regression was used to examine whether age and gender were associated with the likelihood of being overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25.0).ResultsOverall, 5.5% of the sample was underweight, 36.1% in the normal range, 24.7% overweight and 32.1% obese, and levels of overweight/obesity were very high in North America. Both age and gender were significant predictors of overweight/obesity (odds ratios 1.06 and 0.59, respectively).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that adult Special Olympics participants have high levels of overweight and obesity; particularly among women and those from North America. It is crucial that those who work with, care for, coach and live with adults with ID who participate in Special Olympics increase efforts to promote healthy weight status.
A systematic review of interventions for homeless women
Authors: Speirs Vivienne , Johnson Maree , Jirojwong Sansnee 
Published: January 2013

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this research is to undertake a systematic review of the existing literature to determine effective physical and psychosocial interventions for homeless women.BackgroundHomelessness is an increasing problem worldwide. Homelessness results in considerable risk to the health and social and psychological well‐being of those without permanent shelter. Community nurses require effective interventions to assist homeless women to improve their health; however, little is known about effective interventions for this unique group.MethodsA search of several databases was conducted. Seven hundred and fifteen papers were initially identified, with only six studies meeting the inclusion criteria.ResultsThe methodologies included the following: randomised controlled trials (2), quasi‐experimental (3) and a comparative study (1). Due to the diversity of the designs, measurement tools, interventions and outcomes of these studies, narrative synthesis was used to appraise their effectiveness. Study interventions such as structured education and support sessions (with and without advocates or support persons) and therapeutic communities reduced psychological distress and healthcare use, improved self‐esteem, reduced drug and alcohol use within some limitations.ConclusionsThe aspects of the effective interventions could form the basis of community nursing programmes for our communities. Further research is required to ensure that homeless women and their children receive effective nursing interventions.Revelance to clinical practiceCommunity nursing can develop and trial programmes for homeless women including content within group sessions, counselling or advocacy within or without a therapeutic community, as presented in this review.
Effects of interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α on macrophage inflammatory protein‐3α production in synovial fibroblast‐like cells from human temporomandibular joints
Authors: Akutsu Miwa , Ogura Naomi , Ito Ko , Kawashima Mutsumi , Kishida Tsuyoshi , Kondoh Toshirou 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundInterleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) are key mediators of the intracapsular pathological conditions of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Therefore, the gene expression profiles in synovial fibroblast‐like cells (SFCs) from patients with internal derangement of the TMJ were examined after they were stimulated with IL‐1β or TNF‐α to determine which genes were altered.MethodsRibonucleic acid was isolated from SFCs after IL‐1β or TNF‐α treatment. Gene expression profiling was performed using oligonucleotide microarray analysis. On the basis of the results of this assay, we investigated the kinetics of macrophage inflammatory protein‐3α (MIP‐3α) gene expression using PCR, and protein production in TMJ SFCs stimulated by IL‐1β or TNF‐α using an ELISA. Inhibition experiments were performed with MAPK and NFκB inhibitors. SFCs were stimulated with IL‐1β or TNF‐α after treatment with inhibitors. The MIP‐3α levels were measured using an ELISA.ResultsMacrophage inflammatory protein‐3α was the gene most upregulated by IL‐1β‐ or TNF‐α stimulation. The mRNA and protein levels of MIP‐3α increased in response to IL‐1β in a time‐dependent manner. In contrast, during TNF‐α stimulation, the MIP‐3α mRNA levels peaked at 4 h, and the protein levels peaked at 8 h. In addition, the IL‐1β‐ and TNF‐α‐stimulated MIP‐3α production was potently reduced by the MAPK and NFκB signaling pathway inhibitors.ConclusionInterleukin‐1β and TNF‐α increased the MIP‐3α production in SFCs via the MAPK and NFκB pathways. These results suggest that the production of MIP‐3α from stimulation with IL‐1β or TNF‐α is one factor associated with the inflammatory progression of the internal derangement of the TMJ.
Assessing the Impact of Pilot School Snack Programs on Milk and Alternatives Intake in 2 Remote First Nation Communities in Northern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Gates Michelle , Hanning Rhona M. , Gates Allison , McCarthy Daniel D. , Tsuji Leonard J. S. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDCanadian Aboriginal youth have poorer diet quality and higher rates of overweight and obesity than the general population. This research aimed to assess the impact of simple food provision programs on the intakes of milk and alternatives among youth in Kashechewan and Attawapiskat First Nations (FNs), Ontario, Canada.METHODSA pilot school snack program was initiated in Kashechewan in May 2009 including coordinator training and grant writing support. A supplementary milk and alternatives program was initiated in Attawapiskat in February 2010. Changes in dietary intake were assessed using Web‐based 24‐hour dietary recalls in grade 6 to 8 students, pre‐ and 1‐week post‐program, with a 1‐year follow‐up in Kashechewan. Student impressions were collected after 1 week using open‐ended questions in the Web survey. Teacher and administrator impressions were collected via focus groups after 1 year in Kashechewan.RESULTSAfter 1 week, calcium intake increased in Kashechewan (805.9 ± 552.0 to 1027.6 ± 603.7 mg, p = .044); however, improvements were not sustained at 1 year; milk and alternatives (1.7 ± 1.7 servings to 2.1 ± 1.4 servings, p = .034) and vitamin D (2.5 ± 2.6 to 3.5 ± 3.4 µg, p = .022) intakes increased in Attawapiskat. Impressions of the programs were positive, though limited resources, staff, facilities, and funding were barriers to sustaining the consistent snack provision of the 1‐week pilot phase.CONCLUSIONThese illustrations show the potential of snack programs to address the low intakes of milk and alternatives among youth in remote FNs. Community‐level constraints must be addressed for sustained program benefits.
Presence of Medical Home and School Attendance: An Analysis of the 2005‐2006 National Survey of Children With Special Healthcare Needs
Authors: Willits Kathryn A. , Troutman‐Jordan Meredith L. , Nies Mary A. , Racine Elizabeth F. , Platonova Elena , Harris Henry L. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChildren with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) tend to miss more school because of illness. Medical homes are a model of primary health care that coordinate services to better meet the needs of the child. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between presence of medical home and missed school days among CSHCN.METHODSA secondary analysis of cross‐sectional data from the 2005 National Survey of Children With Special Healthcare Needs (NS‐CSHCN) was conducted. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression was done to analyze the relationship between presence of a medical home and number of missed school days.RESULTSThe presence of a medical home among CSHCN was associated with being in the highest category of missed school days. The adjusted odds ratios for the number of missed school days, after adjustment for poverty, metropolitan statistical area status, education in the household, age, race and ethnicity, demonstrated that access to a medical home does not decrease school absences.CONCLUSIONAlthough the data did not support the hypothesis that CSHCN with a medical home would have fewer missed school days due to illness, this study does evoke future research questions, such as what is the relationship between parental perception of child health status with number of missed school days and how adequate is the communication between families and healthcare providers in the medical home.
An Objective Assessment of Children's Physical Activity During the Keep It Moving! After‐School Program
Authors: Schuna Jr John M. , Lauersdorf Rebekah L. , Behrens Timothy K. , Liguori Gary , Liebert Mina L. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAfter‐school programs may provide valuable opportunities for children to accumulate healthful physical activity (PA). This study assessed the PA of third‐, fourth‐, and fifth‐grade children in the Keep It Moving! (KIM) after‐school PA program, which was implemented in an ethnically diverse and low socioeconomic status school district in Colorado Springs, Colorado.METHODSThe PA of KIM participating children (N = 116) at 4 elementary schools was objectively assessed using ActiGraph accelerometers and the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT). Linear mixed‐effects models or generalized linear mixed‐effects models were used to compare time spent in sedentary (SED) behaviors, light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) between genders and weight status classifications during KIM sessions.RESULTSChildren accumulated 7.6 minutes of SED time, 26.9 minutes of LPA, and 22.2 minutes of MVPA during KIM sessions. Boys accumulated less SED time (p < .05) and LPA (p = .04) than girls, but accumulated more MPA (p = .04), VPA (p = .03), and MVPA (p = .03). Overweight/obese children accumulated more LPA (p = .04) and less VPA (p < .05) than nonoverweight children. SOFIT data indicated that children spent a considerable proportion of KIM sessions being very active (12.4%), walking (36.0%), or standing (40.3%).CONCLUSIONThe KIM program provides opportunities for disadvantaged children to accumulate substantial amounts of MVPA (>20 minutes per session) in an effort to meet current PA guidelines.