bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo-Mechanical Processing of Rapidly Solidified 5083 Aluminium Alloy - Structure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Tokarski T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAluminium-magnesium 5083 alloy was rapidly solidified by means of melt spinning technique and plastically consolidated during subsequent hot extrusion process. As a result, rods 8 mm in diameter were obtained. Structure of as-extruded material is characterized by ultra-fined grains, which influences on increasement of mechanical properties of the material. The strengthening effect was further enhanced by application of thermo-mechanical treatment consist of cold rolling combined with isothermal annealing. As a result, reduction of grain size from ∼710 nm to ∼270 nm as well as enhancement of yield stress (330 MPa to 420 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (410 MPa to 460 MPa) were achieved. Based on received results Hall-Petch coefficients (σ0, k) for 5083 RS material were determined.
Application of Thermal Analysis Tests Results in the Numerical Simulations of Continuous Casting Process
Authors: Kargul T. , Wielgosz E. , Falkus J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Measurement of thermophysical properties of steel is possible by using different thermal analysis techniques. In the field of metallurgy the most relevant methods are Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The paper presents the results of thermophysical properties which are necessary to carry out numerical simulation of continuous casting of steel. The study was performed for two steel grades S320GD and S235JR. The main aim of the research was to determine the dependence of specific heat on temperature. On the basis of obtained results the thermal effects of phase transformations and characteristic transition temperatures were also identified. Both the specific heat of steel and thermal effects of phase transformations are included in the Fourier-Kirchhoff equation, as the material properties necessary to obtain the numerical solution. The paper presents the research methodology, analysis of results and method of determining the specific heat of steel based on the results of DSC analysis.
Analysis of the Equilibrium State of Flux Powders in the Mould During Continuous Casting of Steel
Authors: Drożdż P. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Mould fluxes in the continuous casting of steel perform a protective function against oxidizing effect of the atmosphere on liquid metal, reduce friction between the solidifying steel shell and the walls of the mould and regulate the transfer of heat to the mould walls. Their chemical composition is crucial as it impacts the determination of the characteristic temperatures. The paper presents calculation results of the equilibrium composition of the selected mould powders in thermodynamic conditions similar to the actual conditions during continuous casting of steel slabs based on FactSage. The calculations were verified by high temperature tests of mould flux powders.
High Temperature Rheometric Measurements of Mould Powders
Authors: Ślęzak W. , Korolczuk-Hejnak M. , Migas P. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Issues of viscosity and rheological properties of powder moulds are important from the perspective of modelling, along with the control of continuous casting process. Conducted analysis within subject literature indicates that there are many theoretical considerations concerning the effects of viscosity of powder moulds. The objective of this study was to perform rheological measurements of powder moulds, the study contains the results of rheological tests of seven chemical compositions with a carbon content from 5.0 to 10.7% and which were tested with applied shear rates from 10 to 40 s-1, which are similar to those in a real process: the velocity of strand passes/drawing and mould movements.
Two-Criteria Analysis of Casting Technologies of Metal and Composite Foams
Authors: Gawdzińska K. , Gucma M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe determination of potential areas of application for metal foams allows to precisely define properties these materials are expected to have. The characteristics of metal foams are strictly related to their cellular structure, which in turn depends on the manufacturing method and materials used. Obviously, metal foam producers should strive to make these materials using inexpensive, or cost-effective technologies, yielding possibly good quality and being environment-friendly. This paper briefly characterizes the manufacturing of metal and composite foams by casting methods. We determine an optimal manufacturing method based on a matrix diagram for metal and composite foams satisfying the two - criteria: “manufacturing costs” (depending on the price of production equipment and labour, cost of materials for foam manufacturing, environmental impact) and “foam quality” (depending on the manufacturing precision, homogeneity of the structure, pore size, shape, and volumetric fraction).
Methodology for the Construction of a Rule-Based Knowledge Base Enabling the Selection of Appropriate Bronze Heat Treatment Parameters Using Rough Sets
Authors: Górny Z. , Kluska-Nawarecka S. , Wilk-Kołodziejczyk D. , Regulski K. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Decisions regarding appropriate methods for the heat treatment of bronzes affect the final properties obtained in these materials. This study gives an example of the construction of a knowledge base with application of the rough set theory. Using relevant inference mechanisms, knowledge stored in the rule-based database allows the selection of appropriate heat treatment parameters to achieve the required properties of bronze. The paper presents the methodology and the results of exploratory research. It also discloses the methodology used in the creation of a knowledge base.
Investigations of Physicochemical Properties and Thermal Utilisation of Dusts Generated in the Mechanical Reclamation Process of Spent Moulding Sands
Authors: Dańko R. , Holtzer M. , Dańko J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe after reclamation dusts originated from various foundry plants, applying moulding sands with organic binding agents, mostly resins, are characterised by different properties in dependence of the used binders, reclamation systems, spent sands overheating degree and the efficiency of the system dedusting the reclaimed material operating in individual foundry plants.In the article the results of investigations of physicochemical properties and thermal utilisation possibility referring to six kinds of after reclamation dusts generated in the mechanical reclamation process of spent moulding sands with furfuryl resins and six other kinds of after reclamation dusts obtained from reclamation process of spent moulding sands with alkaline resins have been presented. All tested dusts originated from various Polish foundry plants of cast iron and cast steel applying the mechanical reclamation process of moulding sands with resins, obtained from different producers.
The Concept of Slag Decopperisation in the Flash Furnace Process by Use of Complex Reagents
Authors: Bydałek A.W. , Bydałek A. , Wołczyński W. , Biernat S. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The article presents an outline of the new technology of pyrometallurgical processing of slag in the direct-to-blister process. The analysis is based on the example of the production process of KGHM Polish Copper SA. A new way of implementing the technology of recovery of copper from the flash furnace slag by means of different feedstocks has been proposed. The method of controlling the processes is another innovation discussed in the paper. The presented concept intensify the reduction reactions, using the Carbo-N-Ox method, of copper compounds to forms of metallic phases in the slag. The processes of coagulation are accelerated and the processes crystallization of metallic phases are under control.
Harmfulness Assessment of Moulding Sands with a Geopolymer Binder and a New Hardener, in An Aspect of the Emission of Substances from the Btex Group
Authors: Bobrowski A. , Holtzer M. , Żymankowska-Kumon S. , Dańko R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The harmfulness assessment of moulding sands with a geopolymer binder and a new hardener, in an aspect of the emission of substances from the BTEX group, was performed. Within the expedience project the new series of hardeners for the inorganic GEOPOL binder was developed. Before the introduction of the new system of moulding sands it was necessary to estimate their influence on the environment. To this aim the gasses emission from moulding sands subjected to the influence of liquid cast iron was tested with regard to the content of the gases from the BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes). For the comparison the analogous investigations of the up to now applied moulding sands with the geopolymer binder, were performed. It was found that both systems of moulding sands binding emit similar amounts of gases, as well as similar amounts of substances from the BTEX group. Moulding sands with the GEOPOL binder are much more environmentally friendly than moulding sands with organic binders. The content of the BTEX group substances in gases emitted from moulding sands with the GEOPOL binder was approximately 10-times lower than in case of the moulding sands with organic binders.
Evaluation of Physical Properties of Wax Mixtures Obtained From Recycling of Patterns Used in Precision Casting
Authors: Biernacki R. , Haratym R. , Bałkowiec A. , Wawulska-Marek P. , Matysiak H. , Zdunek J. , Kurzydłowski K. J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The study investigated the properties of selected certified mixtures used to make wax patterns for the production of precision castings for the aerospace industry. In addition, an assessment of the recycled mixtures consisting of certified wax materials recovered during autoclaving was carried out. Hardness was tested via a proposed method based on penetration, creep related deformation, bending strength and linear contraction. The hardness was studied on laboratory specimens and patterns made with the use of injection molding equipment. For these patterns, linear contraction was estimated at variable pressure and for different temperature injection parameters. Deformations connected with creep and resistance were evaluated on cylindrical specimens. Differences in creep resistance in relation to the hardness were observed depending on the type of pattern mixtures. Recycled mixture has a greater resistance and smaller linear contraction than certified mixtures used for making sprue, raisers and other parts of filler system.
The Internal Friction of Single Crystals, Bicrystals and Polycrystals of Pure Magnesium
Authors: Jiang W.B. , Kong Q.P. , Magalas L.B. , Fang Q.F. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The internal friction of magnesium single crystals, bicrystals and polycrystals has been studied between room temperature and 450°C. There is no internal friction peak in the single crystals, but a prominent relaxation peak appears at around 160°C in polycrystals. The activation energy of the peak is 1.0 eV, which is consistent with the grain boundary self-diffusion energy of Mg. Therefore, the peak in polycrystals can be attributed to grain boundary relaxation. For the three studied bicrystals, the grain boundary peak temperatures and activation energies are higher than that of polycrystals, while the peak heights are much lower. The difference between the internal friction peaks in bicrystals and polycrystals is possibly caused by the difference in the concentrations of segregated impurities in grain boundaries.
Grain Boundary Relaxation in Bi-Crystals: Mechanical Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Maier A.-K. , Mari D. , Tkalcec I. , Schaller R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Different Au-Ag-Cu samples have been studied by mechanical spectroscopy. Both polycrystals and bi-crystals show a relaxation peak at 800 K, accompanied by an elastic modulus change. Since this peak is absent in single crystals it is related to the presence of grain boundaries. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal two microscopic mechanisms, when a shear stress is applied onto a Σ5 grain boundary: at 700 K, the boundary migrates perpendicularly to the boundary plane under an external stress. At 1000 K, only sliding at the boundary is observed. These two mechanisms acting in different temperature intervals are used to model the mechanic response of a polycrystal under an applied stress. The models yield expressions for the relaxation strength Δ and for the relaxation time τ as a function of the grain size. A comparison with the mechanical spectroscopy measurements of polycrystals and the bi-crystals show that the grain boundary sliding model reproduces correctly the characteristics of the grain boundary peak.
Low Frequency Mechanical Spectroscopy Study of Three Pyrrolidinium Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Trequattrini F. , Paolone A. , Palumbo O. , Vitucci F.M. , Navarra M.A. , Panero S. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In this work we present our recent results on three ionic liquids (ILs), which share bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) as anion and have different pyrrolidinium based cations. By means of a combination of mechanical spectroscopy and thermal analysis, many of the physical processes occurring during cooling down from the liquid phase, can be studied. Depending both on the diverse cation and the different thermal history, crystallization from the melt or glass transition, cold-crystallization, solid-solid phase transitions and thermally activated processes are observed. In one of the ILs, which could be easily undercooled, a prominent thermally activated peak could be observed above the glass transition. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time is approximated by a Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman equation, as usual for fragile glass forming liquids, and the apparent activation energy of W = 0.36 eV with a pre-exponential factor of the relaxation time τ0 = 1.7 · 10−13s were derived supposing jumps between asymmetrical potential wells. The kinetics of the crystallization processes have been studied in the framework of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov theory and the Avrami parameters have been derived for both the crystallization from the melt and for the cold crystallization observed on heating.
Braze Welding of Elements of Industrial Fittings
Authors: Słania J. , Golański G. , Gasz W. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Resistance to stretching, a quality of specimen made by braze welding method were examined as well as usefulness of this method in industry was described. Technology and materials, which are used during braze welding, are depicted on the base of an inspection of joints. The results of macroscopic examinations of sample joints (base material, heat-affected zone and braze weld) are given. Furthermore, the results of the resistance, plasticity and hardness tests of sample joints are presented.
Application of Numerical and Physical Simulation to Design of the Best Manufacturing Technology for Fasteners
Authors: Kusiak J. , Skóra M. , Rauch Ł. , Szeliga D. , Pietrzyk M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The development of the best manufacturing technology for fasteners was the subject of this work. Physical and numerical simulations were used to evaluate various technological variants. Possibility of application of new generation bainitic steels was considered, as well. Improvement of exploitation properties was the objective of the optimization having in mind tool wear and manufacturing costs as constraints. Several fasteners were investigated but results for three parts, including Allen screw, screw anchors used to carry concrete plates are presented as a case study. Industrial trials were performed and confirmed correctness of the designed manufacturing technology.
The Influence of the Shape of Grooves on the Intensity of Closing Axial Material Discontinuities During Rolling
Authors: Sobczak K. , Dyja H. , Kawałek A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The article discusses the influence of rolling in the newly designed slitting-bending grooves on closing internal material discontinuities in continuous ingots. The defects located in the axial area of a strand, i.e. axial porosity and contraction cavity, were analysed. Numerical and experimental studies of the rolling process of flat bars for feedstock with marked materials discontinuities simulating actual defects occurring in an ingot were conducted. For comparison purposes, rolling of feedstock with discontinuities in traditional grooves was conducted. The numerical simulations were carried out using the Forge 2008¯software programme. The experimental studies were conducted in a D150 laboratory rolling mill. In the research, the S355J2G3 structural steel and lead were used. Distributions of temperature, intensity of deformation and stress in a cross-section of strands after rolling were analysed. Changes in the surface areas of the discontinuities in feedstock after rolling in shape and traditional grooves were examined.
It was concluded that introduction of grooves with complex shapes may contribute to the improvement of internal quality of finished products. The complex shape of the tools has allowed for an almost 100% closure of the discontinuities located in the central part of a strand, already at the initial stages of the process, unlike in case of the traditional production method, where the discontinuities were transferred even until the final product. Applying the newly designed slitting-bending grooves enables utilisation of a smaller number of edge grooves at the initial stage of the rolling process, where reopening of freshly welded defects might occur.
Weldability of Thermomechanically Treated Steels Having a High Yield Point
Authors: Górka J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The article concerns the issue of weldability of S700MC steel, treated thermo-mechanically, with high yield point. The weakest area of welded joints of this steel is a high - temperature coarse heat affected zone (HAZ) in which due to the nucleation effect of the dissolved phases, strengthening the matrix and their subsequent uncontrolled separation precipitation in the form of finely disperse and rapid decrease impact strength is observed. Performed arc welding tests here have shown that in order to ensure high quality of welded joints, it is necessary to limit the welding linear heat input. During the welding process of S700MC steel, it is not recommended to use pre heating before the welding process and heat treatment after welding, and the number of repairs should be kept to a minimum, because it leads to a reduction of strength and plastic properties in the HAZ area, as a result of aging processes, dissolution of strengthening phases in the matrix and their subsequent uncontrolled precipitation during cooling.
An Attempt to Develop the Methodology of Examining the Boron Content in Construction Materials with the Use of Eds Method
Authors: Popławski M. , Kwiatkowska A. , Piasecki A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Borided layers are mainly produced during the process of heat-chemical treatment as a result of reactive diffusion of boron inside the material. The borided layers are particularly useful in difficult exploitation conditions. Generally, the borided layers are characterized by the increased hardness, heat resistance and good corrosion resistance. It is commonly known that the major disadvantage of X-ray microanalysis with EDS method is the difficulty in light elements analysis such as boron.
However, due to the appropriate formation of source region and taking measurements during a definite period of time, the microanalysis of boron is possible. The obtained results are characterized by relative accuracy and precision.
SEM Vega 5135 Tescan, detector of Si(Li) in Prism 2000 PGT spectrometer and the PGT software Spirit 1.06 were used. The model specimen was made from cubic boron nitride (c-BN). The estimated parameters of the analysis were verified on 42CrMo4 steel and borided Armco Iron, with satisfactory results having been obtained.
Effect of Phenomena Accompanying Wear in Dry Corundum Abrasive on the Properties and Microstructure of Austempered Ductile Iron with Different Chemical Composition
Authors: Myszka D. , Wieczorek A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The research described in this article is a fragment in the series of published works trying to determine the applicability of new materials for parts of the mining machinery. Tests were performed on two groups of austempered ductile iron - one of which contained 1.5% Ni and 0.5% Mo, while the other contained 1.9% Ni and 0.9% Cu. Each group has been heat treated according to the three different heat treatment variants and then the material was subjected to detailed testing of mechanical properties and abrasion wear resistance, measuring also hardness and magnetic properties, and conducting microstructural examinations. The results indicated that each of the tested materials was senstive to the surface hardening effect, which resulted in high wear resistance. It has been found that high temperature of austempering, i.e. 370°C, favours high wear resistance of ductile iron containing nickel and molybdenum. Low temperature of austempering, i.e. 270°C, develops high wear resistance in ductile iron containing nickel and copper. Both these materials offer completely different mechanical properties and as such can be used for different and specific applications.
Nanocrystalline Steels’ Resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement
Authors: Skołek E. , Marciniak S. , Skoczylas P. , Kamiński J. , świątnicki W.A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement in X37CrMoV5-1 steel with two different microstructures: a nanocrystalline carbide-free bainite and tempered martensite. The nanobainitic structure was obtained by austempering at the bainitic transformation zone. It was found, that after hydrogen charging, both kinds of microstructure exhibit increased yield strength and strong decrease in ductility. It has been however shown that the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement of X37CrMoV5-1 steel with nanobainitic structure is higher as compared to the tempered martensite. After hydrogen charging the ductility of austempered steel is slightly higher than in case of quenched and tempered (Q&T) steel. This effect was interpreted as a result of phase composition formed after different heat treatments.
Cooperative Navigation in a Team of Marine Robots for a Specific Ocean Mapping Mission
Authors: Glotzbach Thomas , Eckstein Sebastian , Ament Christoph 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The estimation of position and orientation of underwater agents is the basis for control, guidance and mapping tasks. We present
a solution for a team of submerged marine agents for a specific scenario. The concept takes advantage of the distribution of the single
agents, with one of them at the surface to access GPS measurements. The submerged units use data from a USBL unit, local sensors, and
acoustic communication and employ a set of filters to perform relative navigation. We will describe the concept and show results of HIL
simulation as precondition for upcoming sea trials.
Precise Maneuver Planning for Berth-to-Berth Navigation of Modern Ships
Authors: Korte Holger , Koeckritz Oliver , Kurowski Martin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Modern steering devices for ships lead to an improved control capability and allow independent actions without tugs by mates in use
with modern electronics. Within the project AdaNav developed MIMO controller enables DP equivalent functions for ships being able to
traverse. The following contribution shows the inclusion of such modern maneuvering quality as computer based assistance system into
electronic ship guidance systems like ECDIS. To guarantee fully responsibility of mates the concept bases on introduced planning
practice implementing additional waypoints and attributes.