bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Action knowledge and symbolic knowledge: The computer as mediator
Authors: Bamberger Jeanne 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis chapter addresses a small set of troublesome but pervasive educational issues that become surprisingly illuminated as we look at the possible roles for computer technology in classrooms. It begins by stating some of these concerns in rather abrupt fashion, in part as a response to others’ views as expressed in the book in which this paper originally appeared. The remaining sections of the chapter play out these initial responses, propose some alternatives, and give one extended example of how such alternatives actually look when at work in a rather unusual classroom.
Noting time: The Math, Music, and Drumming Project
Authors: Bamberger Jeanne 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe title of this chapter is meant to have a double meaning—noticing time as it is continuously running on, and stopping time to note it. The two meanings create an essential tension. When we are in action, we are moving with time, noticing it only as its events disappear, whereas when putting actions and sound on paper, noting them, we are holding time and motion still to be looked at. And in between these two senses of noting, we germinate disagreements, conflicts, and sometimes even important resolutions. The chapter argues that recognizing and confronting these tensions may provide a path towards understanding the breakdowns in communication that often occur between educators and their students—most particularly those students who are living, navigating, and learning in a world of action and of flux.
Turning music theory on its ear: Do we hear what we see? Do we see what we say?
Authors: Bamberger Jeanne 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThere is a question being asked more and more frequently in the music education literature (and often echoed in the math and science education literature). Why do fundamentals courses, which are intended to begin at the beginning, so often become problematic? Why do they so often seem irrelevant, especially to those students who have already been identified as “gifted?” Why do they become more like therapy sessions treating student stress instead of an environment in which students are developing the healthy, powerful intuitions that they bring with them to these classes? This chapter argue that the kinds of elements and relations that untrained listeners and also self-taught players are attending to in making musical sense are closer to those we associate with the artist who plays “really musically”—the ability to shape a phrase, to follow the musical line, and to expressively project feeling and meaning.
Muslim Childhood
Authors: Scourfield Jonathan , Gilliat-Ray Sophie , Khan Asma , Otri Sameh 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
How do we learn to be religious? To make sense of this process should we emphasize the habitual reinforcement of bodily rituals? Or the active role of individuals in making decisions about faith at key moments? Or should we turn to cognitive science to explain the universal structures on which religiosity is built? And how does a relatively devout minority pass on religion in a generally secular Western context? What significance does religion have for family life in this situation? And how does a religious identity interact with other kinds of collective identification, for example with a nation, ethnic group, or a locality? These are some of the questions that Muslim Childhood deals with. This book is about ordinary British Muslims’ everyday religious socialization of children in early and middle childhood. It provides a detailed description of how Muslim families in a secular Western context attempt to pass on their faith to the next generation. It is rooted in detailed qualitative research with 60 Muslim families in one British city. The authors’ own analysis of survey data suggests that Muslims in the UK pass on their faith to the next generation more effectively than other religious groups. This book is in part an attempt to explain why that might be.
Fault Lines of Globalization
Authors: Lindahl Hans 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe question whether and how boundaries might individuate legal orders and in this way be constitutive features thereof has yet to be addressed in a systematic and comprehensive manner by legal and political theory. The book seeks to address this important omission, providing an original contribution to the debate about law in a global setting. Against the widely endorsed assumption that we are now moving towards law without boundaries, it argues that every imaginable legal order, global or otherwise, is bounded in space, time, membership, and content. In effect, legal orders are a form of joint action in which authorities mediate and uphold who ought to do what, where, and when in order to realise the normative point of acting together. The book also argues that behaviour can call into question the boundaries of a legal order: a-legality. When questioned by a-legal behaviour, boundaries appear as limits that reveal excluded practical possibilities which remain within the range of possibilities accessible to the collective. Legal boundaries appear as fault lines when a-legal behaviour intimates an order which exceeds the range of possibilities accessible to that collective. Careful analysis of a wide range of legal orders, including nomadism, classical international law, multinationals, cyberlaw, lex mercatoria, and a global regime of human rights validates this thesis. Arguing that legal and political theories misunderstand how legal boundaries do their work of including and excluding, the book concludes by outlining a normative theory of legal order that is alternative to both communitarianism and cosmopolitanism.
A Topology of Legal Orders in a Global Setting
Authors: Lindahl Hans 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe chapter validates the findings of Chapter 1 by discussing a series of possible counterexamples to the thesis that legal orders must be spatially limited: nomadism, Roman law, classical international law, ius gentium, multinationals, cyberlaw, lex mercatoria, overlapping legal orders such as the EU. All these legal orders display a common topography, which bears out the view that whereas the inside/outside distinction afforded by borders between domestic and foreign spaces is contingent, the inside/outside distinction corresponding to the limit between legal (dis)order and the unordered is ingredient to legal orders as spatial unities.
The Identity of Legal Collectives
Authors: Lindahl Hans 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe chapter ties together the findings of the first two chapters, further developing a concept of legal order in the first-person plural by drawings on theories of collective action and linking these to Ricœur's contribution to a theory of identity. By grasping why joint action involves collective identity as sameness (idem) and as selfhood (ipse) it explains why legal orders are an interconnected distribution of ought-places, times, subjects and act-contents in which boundaries join and separate its elements. Moreover, by explaining why joint action involves collective self-inclusion and the exclusion of alterity, the chapter also adumbrates why legal orders are perforce limited, i.e. why and how legal (dis)order goes hand in hand with a domain which remains unordered from the first-person perspective of the apposite legal collective. The chapter concludes by exploring some of the implications of these ideas for the current debate about law in a global setting.
A Genealogy of Legal Ordering
Authors: Lindahl Hans 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe chapter introduces the passage from a static to a genetic account of legal order, hence from legal boundaries as set to the process of setting of legal boundaries. To this effect it unpacks joint action into its constituent elements, taking its cue from the phenomenological notion of intentionality as the disclosure of something as something. This intentionality-based account of joint action also yields the blueprint for the basic structure of legal understanding and legal interpretation, as well as of legal rationality. The chapter concludes by exploring the paradox of representation which governs the emergence of legal order: an act can only originate a collective by way of a closure if it succeeds—and as long as it succeeds—in representing an original collective that is already closed. This paradoxical origin of a legal collective points to the a-legal origins of (il)legality.
A-Legality
Authors: Lindahl Hans 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe chapter provides a comprehensive analysis, in five stages, of the key category of the book as a whole: a-legality develops in five stages. The first stage parses the concept of a-legality into its two constituent parts, a-legality and a-legality, against the background of the three-way distinction between order, disorder and the unordered. The second consolidates these initial findings, developing an account of the normative complexity of a-legality that distinguishes between its weak and strong dimensions. A third stage describes how and why the strong dimension of a-legality reveals legal boundaries as normative fault lines. A-legality is contrasted both to enmity, at the heart of Schmitt's theory of the political, and to civil disobedience, at the heart of liberal theories of political conflict. The chapter concludes by briefly exploring the contrast between legal order and chaos from the perspective of a-legality.
On the coherence of syntactic descriptions (1973)
Authors: Culicover Peter W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis chapter focuses on English tags, such as those found in tag questions. It argues that tags are characteristic of English, and that they are found in a set of formally similar but distinct constructions. These constructions cannot be reduced to a single general construction because each special case has its own particular function and meaning. Evidence from rule ordering is used to argue that there can be no uniform syntactic derivation of all of the different tags. It is also argued that a grammar in which the same structure is used in distinct constructions is more ‘natural’ than a grammar in which the constructions use unrelated structures. A measure is proposed to capture this naturalness even when the various constructions cannot be collapsed into a single construction.
Stress and focus in English (1983)
Authors: Culicover Peter W. , Rochemont Michael S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis chapter addresses the issue of how to relate focus and stress in English sentences, particularly within the framework of the (Revised) Extended Standard Theory. Specifically, it shows that, with some refinement, the grammatical model of Chomsky and Lasnik (1977) accommodates an insightful analysis of the relationship between focus and stress, while preserving the Autonomous Systems view of Hale et al. (1977). The chapter is organized as follows. Section 4.2 drives Prosodic Structure from surface structure by the rules of accent placement. Section 4.3 is concerned with the assignment of focus on S-structures. Section 4.4 suggests a number of additional rules of Discourse Grammar whose function is to define contextual conditions for the interpretation of focus as presentational, contrastive, emphatic, etc. Section 4.5 summarizes the results and compares the framework developed in this chapter with a number of others that have appeared in the linguistic literature.
Control, PRO, and the Projection Principle (1992)
Authors: Culicover Peter W. , Wilkins Wendy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis chapter presents a theory of control (predication), in terms of thematic relations, which makes no use of the element PRO in the syntax. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 5.2 presents a theory of predication, which considers in detail the no-PRO theory. Section 5.3 discusses some arguments against the syntactic element PRO. Section 5.4 summarizes responses to Koster and May’s arguments. Section 5.5 presents a general conclusion that little syntactic evidence exists, if any, in support of PRO, and that therefore the Projection Principle is not supported as a useful postulate of the theory of grammar.
Negative curiosities (1982)
Authors: Culicover Peter W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis chapter focuses on rules that are not unbounded movement rules: tag formation, negative inversion, and Stylistic Inversion. It first considers interrogative tags, and isolates those tags that display polarity phenomena from other sorts of tags. This subclass of tags does not admit of a purely transformational characterization. Rather, it appears that the syntactic characterization of this class of tags depends in part on semantic factors, in particular, on the scope of negation. The discussion on the scope of negation brings out certain facts that suggest that the scope of negation is determined by the application of stylistic transformations. The chapter concludes by discussing Stylistic Inversion, a transformation whose output bears on the interpretation of wh with the variable that it binds.
Deriving dependent right adjuncts in English (1997)
Authors: Rochemont Michael S. , Culicover Peter W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis chapter examines the properties of rightward positioned adjuncts in English that are in some sense dependent for their interpretation on a position elsewhere in the sentence, e.g., relative and result clause extraposition and rightmost positioned (argument) heavy noun phrases (NPs). It shows that the facts about extraposition can be fully accommodated on a leftward movement account in which the extraposed constituent achieves its rightmost position through the leftward movement of other elements in the sentence. It also shows that it is possible to provide a leftward movement analysis of the rightmost heavy NPs that is fully compatible with the data considered.
A reconsideration of Dative Movements (1972)
Authors: Jackendoff Ray , Culicover Peter W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe standard analyses of the dative generally postulate two similar Dative Movement rules, one of which applies to to-indirect objects and the other to for-indirect objects. This chapter shows how to improve this analysis within the framework of traditional transformational rules. It demonstrates that constraints imposed by the hearer’s perceptual strategy for interpreting sentences play a part in the unacceptability of certain constructions. These constraints are used to account for the remaining anomalies in the dative shift paradigms.
Morphological complexity outside of universal grammar (1998)
Authors: Hana Jirka , Culicover Peter W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis chapter focuses on morphosyntax, in particular the use of linear order in inflected words to express correspondences between form and meaning. It explores the possibility that different orderings among the root and inflection in an inflected form may yield differences in the complexity of the form-meaning correspondence. It argues that the identification of inflectional morphology expressed as suffixation is computationally less complex than prefixation, which in turn is computationally less complex than infixation. These preferences account for the greater frequency of suffixation over prefixation, and the greater frequency of prefixation over infixation.
Capitalism’s Victor’s Justice? The Hidden Stories Behind the Prosecution of Industrialists Post-WWII
Authors: Baars Grietje 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This chapter analyses the trials of industrialists at the US Military Tribunals at Nuremberg for their roles in the Nazis' aggressive wars and the Holocaust. The chapter is organized as follows. Section II examines the Allied consensus on the nature of World War II as imperialist; on the role of the industrialists in Hitler's aggressive war; the formulation of the ‘economic case’; and the indictment, trial, and judgment at the International Military Tribunal. Section III traces the post-World War II turnaround in US foreign and economic policy and its impact on US political and economic involvement in Europe. Section IV shows how this turnaround manifested itself in the conduct and outcomes of the trials of the industrialists at Nuremberg. Section V compares the US trials to the largely forgotten post-World War II international trials of industrialists by the French, British, and Soviet military tribunals, and with the decision of the Military Tribunal for the Far East not to indict Japanese zaibatsu leaders. Finally, Section VI connects the aftermath of the trials, the ‘McCloy clemency’, and subsequent reinstatement of most of the industrialists to their former positions, with contemporary debates around international criminal law, the economic causes of conflict, and ‘corporate impunity’.
Mass Trials and Modes of Criminal Responsibility for International Crimes
Authors: Tiba Firew Kebede 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This chapter analyses Ethiopia's mass trials that sought to address the mass atrocities committed during the early years (1974–1980) of the communist regime of Colonel Mengistu Hailemariam and his associates. Specifically, it examines the objections raised by the accused about their convictions based solely on them being members of the Derg. It argues that the courts failed to draw on international criminal law jurisprudence in finding the defendants guilty. The Federal Supreme Court's refusal to order separate trials also made it difficult for the accused to mount a proper defence against the charges.
War Crimes Trials, ‘Victor’s Justice’ and Australian Military Justice in the Aftermath of the Second World War
Authors: Fitzpatrick Georgina 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This chapter examines the war crimes trials conducted by the Australian military services at Darwin and several island locations in the Asia-Pacific region between 1945 and 1951. It challenges the imputation of wholesale injustice visited upon the ‘B’ and ‘C’ class minor war criminals and makes some preliminary observations.
Dirty War Crimes
Authors: Rush Peter D. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This chapter first reconstructs the narrative memory and socio-legal context of the contemporary scene of memory in Argentina concerning La Guerra Sucia (‘The Dirty War’) and los desaparecidos (literally ‘the disappeared’, but often rendered as ‘the missing’). It then examines a recent film — El secreto de sus ojos (The Secret in Their Eyes) — concerned with writing the life of the law in the aftermath of atrocity. After reconstructing two ways to live a life full of nothing, a life lived with the trauma of a legal case history, the coda to the chapter addresses itself to the remnants of a criminal jurisdiction of memory. If decisions are constitutive of international criminal justice in times of transition, then a memorial jurisdiction of crime and atrocity can be thought in terms of its manner of speaking: its genres of representation, as much as its taxonomies.
Woundedness, Narrative, and Community in theIliad
Authors: McCoy Marina Berzins 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis chapter examines the descriptions of wounding in Homer’s Iliad for their insights into vulnerability and its meaning. Homer presents wounds and their signifying of mortality as central to the possibility of a meaningful, teleological narrative about human life. In contrast to the wounds suffered by the gods, human wounds increase the bonds of relationships within the community. While neither pain nor death are desirable in themselves, their anticipation and the narrative accounts offered in light of their existence contribute to political goods. Achilles initially resists the vulnerability of both himself and the other Greeks, but eventually accepts his vulnerability and enters more deeply into the universality of human suffering.
Pity as a Civic Virtue in Sophocles’Philoctetes
Authors: McCoy Marina Berzins 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChapter three examines Sophocles’ Philoctetes notion that the excluded and polluted one is central to the city’s good. Here, Sophocles develops a picture of Philoctetes as one who is not only physically but also emotionally wounded. His presence at an ‘in between’ space on Lemnos, literally at the margins of society, further develops a picture of human vulnerability, especially the suffering born from social exclusion. The figure of Neoptolemus and his internal struggles also develops two political virtues in the play: first, pity as a political virtue, and, second, the virtue of being able to accommodate unjust harm properly. These two political virtues both concern a proper responsiveness and care for vulnerability—not only care for the weak but also acceptance and care for one’s own city in light of the imperfections of political structures.
Wounding and Wisdom in Plato’sGorgias
Authors: McCoy Marina Berzins 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChapter four focuses on the myth of judgement at the end of the Gorgias and its image of a wounded, unjust man. There Socrates uses a mythos and, in particular, the language of wounding to communicate with Callicles, who has so far failed to be responsive to abstract argumentation. Just as the judges of the myth can judge well only because they are naked as the ones that they judge, Socrates emerges as one who is able to excel at questioning others because of his self-awareness of his vulnerability. Socrates not only is vulnerable to the judgement in the courtroom, but also displays an epistemic vulnerability that guides his questioning of others. Plato emerges not as a perfectionistic thinker who desires to avoid tragedy and human frailty, but rather as a thinker who is aware and accepting of human limitation and vulnerability.
Friendship and Moral Failure in Aristotle’sEthics
Authors: McCoy Marina Berzins 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChapter six carefully analyses Aristotle’s discussion of the loss of a friendship of virtue in which one’s friend has become bad. While Aristotle argues that a virtuous man will only love what is truly good—and so not a friend turned bad—his discussion of the loss of such a friend displays how friendship itself makes us vulnerable. While we need friends to practise the virtues and to reflect ourselves back to us, a friend is also valued in himself, as ‘another self’. The loss of friendship entails a concomitant loss of an aspect of one’s own self. Aristotle suggests that such friendships can be retained to some extent in memory, but even memory retains the pain suffered in loss as well as the goods of the friendship. Aristotle also posits the relative limits of not only friends, but also family, civic institutions, and laws in rehabilitating those who have fallen away from virtue.
Tragedy, Katharsis, and Community in Aristotle’sPoetics
Authors: McCoy Marina Berzins 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis chapter turns to Aristotle’s discussion of tragedy and narrative in the Poetics. It examines how the public, performed aspect of tragedy and witnessing tragedy as a political community are significant for the body politic. One political function of tragedy is to enable a community to become more responsive to the vulnerable in their own midst. This chapter also provides an interpretation of Aristotle’s notion of katharsis that argues for catharsis as a form of ‘rebalancing’, not only of an individual soul, but also of the community at large. Stepping beyond Aristotle himself, the chapter argues that tragedy can enlarge a community’s vision of its own identity and the realities of its own citizens, including vulnerable citizens. Tragedy and other forms of narrative thus possess not only an aesthetic but also a political and philosophical function.