bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erenumab versus topiramate: migraine‐related disability, impact and health‐related quality of life
Authors: Reuter Uwe , Heinze Axel , Gendolla Astrid , Sieder Christian , Hentschke Christian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeHER‐MES was the first head‐to‐head study of erenumab against topiramate (standard of care). This post hoc analysis of the HER‐MES study evaluated the effect of erenumab versus topiramate on patient‐reported outcomes at week 24.MethodsAdult patients with episodic or chronic migraine (n = 777) were randomized (1:1) to monthly subcutaneous erenumab (n = 389) or daily oral topiramate (n = 388). Migraine‐related disability, as measured by the Headache Impact Test 6 (HIT‐6) and Short Form 36 Health Survey version 2 (SF‐36v2), was analysed in the entire study cohort and true completers.ResultsIn the erenumab group (vs. topiramate), significant improvements were reported in Headache Impact Test 6 total scores (composite populations, −10.88 vs. −7.72; true completers, −11.92 vs. −10.61) and a higher proportion of patients achieved a ≥5‐point reduction from baseline with erenumab (composite populations, 72.2% vs. 53.9%; true completers, 79.64% vs. 71.43%). The adjusted mean change from baseline in the SF‐36v2 score was greater with erenumab for both physical component summary (composite population, 5.48 vs. 3.63; true completers, 5.95 vs. 5.23) and mental component summary (composite populations, 1.00 vs. −1.18; true completers, 1.74 vs. −0.33). A higher proportion of patients on erenumab versus topiramate had a ≥5‐point improvement in SF‐36v2 for the physical component summary (composite populations, 47.7% vs. 37.4%; true completers, 52.1% vs. 48.9%) and mental component summary (composite populations, 25.3% vs. 16.8%; true completers, 27.3% vs. 17.7%).ConclusionsThis post hoc analysis demonstrated that patients treated with erenumab had significant improvements in headache impact and quality of life as measured by patient‐reported outcomes versus patients treated with topiramate.
A nationwide Guillain–Barré syndrome epidemiological study in Spain during the COVID‐19 years
Authors: Blanco‐Ruiz Marina , Martín‐Aguilar Lorena , Caballero‐Ávila Marta , Lleixà Cinta , Pascual‐Goñi Elba , Collet‐Vidiella Roger , Tejada‐Illa Clara , Turon‐Sans Janina , Carbayo Álvaro , Llansó Laura , Cortés Elena , Amaya Pascasio Laura , Querol Luis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe purpose was to perform a nationwide epidemiological study of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in Spain, analysing background incidences and seasonal variation and trying to identify incidence changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) years.MethodsThis was an observational study collecting all GBS diagnoses from the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network collected by the Ministry of Health. Patients discharged with GBS as the main diagnosis and admitted during 2018–2021 were included. Data on the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections were obtained from the National Epidemiology Centre.ResultsIn total, 3147 cases were included, 832 in 2018, 861 in 2019, 670 in 2020 and 784 in 2021. Nationwide hospital incidence was 1.78 in 2018, 1.71 in 2019, 1.41 in 2020 and 1.66 in 2021, with an increased frequency in males, the elderly population and in the winter season. Eleven per cent of GBS patients needed ventilatory support. GBS and SARS‐CoV‐2 incidences did not correlate with one another (r = −0.29, p = 0.36). GBS incidence decreased during 2020 and during the COVID‐19 lockdown period in comparison to the same months of 2018–2019.ConclusionsThe incidence of GBS in Spain is similar to that of other countries. Despite prior reports describing a significant increase in COVID‐19‐associated GBS in Spain, a significant drop of GBS incidence during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic was detected, probably due to prevention measures.
Sulfuric acid‐induced skin neoplasms in immunocompetent mice
Authors: Chgari Oumaima , Marnissi Farida , Moukhfi Fatimazahra , Ndayambaje Martin , Wahnou Hicham , Limami Youness , Karkouri Mehdi , Oudghiri Mounia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the carcinogenic potential of chronic dermal exposure (16 weeks) to sulfuric acid (SA) in immunocompetent mice. Clinical assessments, histopathological analyses, immunohistochemical analyses and biochemical assays were conducted to evaluate skin irritation, oxidative stress biomarkers and the potential carcinogenic effect of SA. Results indicated that prolonged exposure to SA leads to various alterations in skin structure, notably inflammation, preneoplastic and neoplastic proliferation in hair follicles, as well as hyperkeratosis and acanthosis, resulting in an increased epidermal thickness of 98.50 ± 21.6 μm. Immunohistochemistry analysis further corroborates these observations, showcasing elevated nuclear expression of p53 and Ki‐67, with a significant mitotic index of (57.5% ± 2.5%). Moreover, biochemical analyses demonstrate that SA induces lipid peroxidation in the skin, evidenced by a high level of Malondialdehyde and a consequential reduction in catalase activity. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to SA can induce skin neoplasms, highlighting the need for stringent safety measures in environments where SA is frequently used. This study underscores the potential occupational health risks associated with SA exposure.
Metaheuristic tuned decentralized PID controller based active suspension system for railway vehicle
Authors: Nitish  , Singh Amit Kumar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA high‐speed railway system is one of the sustainable alternatives to other modes of transportation and may connect the most congested urban cities with minimum carbon emissions. However, the vibration intensity increases as the train's operating speed increases, resulting in deteriorated ride comfort and stability. Hence, this article investigates a 27‐degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) dynamic model of railway vehicles with an improved active suspension system. The decentralized control structure performs the controlling action with five optimized Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers that suppress the vehicle body's vertical, lateral, pitch, roll, and yaw motions. Further, to optimize the PID parameters, three metaheuristic optimization techniques, Genetic algorithm (GA), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), and Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA), are utilized, and their simulated results are compared with the passive system as well as other conventional tuning technique. Moreover, the performance of the proposed control strategy is evaluated in the frequency domain under random track irregularities, and the results are characterized in terms of power spectral densities (PSDs). The simulated results show that among the proposed metaheuristic algorithms, FPA outperforms with a significant reduction in vehicle vibration compared to other tuning methods. The percentage reduction of the vertical, lateral, pitch, rolls, and yaw accelerations is 71.4%, 35.1%, 52.8%, 48.1%, and 38.2%, respectively, ensuring enhanced vehicle ride comfort.
On comparison of fracture energy measured for six hot mix asphalt composite mixtures using force–load line displacement and force–crack mouth opening displacement curves at intermediate temperatures and different loading rates
Authors: Fattahi Amirdehi H. R. , Ghoreishi S. M. N. , Aliha M. R. M. , Hesami Saeid , Jafari Haghighatpour Pegah , Choupani Naghdali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere are two methods for determining the fracture energy (Gf) of hot mix asphalt (HMA) composites at intermediate temperatures: (i) load–crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) and (ii) load–load line displacement (LLD) curves. The effects of these two methods on the Gf values of different HMA mixtures are investigated at different loading rates and temperatures. A large number of semicircular bend (SCB) specimens were tested under mode I at different temperatures of 5°C, 15°C, and 25°C and loading rates of 1, 5, 10, and 50 mm/min. The three‐dimensional (3D) fracture energy surface plots obtained from the tests revealed that both temperature and loading rate have noticeable effects on the fracture energy, such that Gf values generally increased by increasing the loading rate and reducing the temperature. Also, the Gf values measured by the LLD method were higher than those by the CMOD method for lower temperatures and lower loading rates (i.e., below 10 mm/min). For the higher loading rates, the Gf values determined by the CMOD method were higher than those by the LLD method. Furthermore, the HMA type had meaningful influences on the variations of Gf at different temperatures and loading rates.
‘If It Was Easy Somebody Would Have Fixed It’: An Exploration of Loneliness and Social Isolation Amongst People Who Frequently Call Ambulance Services
Authors: Moseley Lisa , Scott Jason , Fidler Gayle , Agarwal Gina , Clarke Cathy , Hammond‐Williams Jonathan , Ingram Carrie , McDonnell Aidan , Collins Tracy 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe aim of the study was to explore social isolation and loneliness in those who frequently contacted the ambulance service, what factors contributed to this and how unmet needs could be addressed.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with staff from the ambulance service and service users who were identified as frequently contacting the ambulance service. Service users also completed the UCLA loneliness scale and personal community maps. Data were analysed thematically before triangulation with the UCLA loneliness scale and personal community maps.ResultsThe final analysis was drawn from 15 staff and seven service user participants. The relationship between social isolation and loneliness and contacting the ambulance service was a contributing, but not the driving, factor in contacting the ambulance service. For service users, we identified three key themes: (1) impact on activities of daily living and loneliness and/or isolation as a result of a health condition; (2) accessing appropriate health and social care services to meet needs; (3) the link between social isolation and/or loneliness and contact with the ambulance service. The analysis of staff data also highlighted three key themes: (1) social isolation and/or loneliness in their role; (2) access to other appropriate health and social care services; (3) the impact of austerity and Covid‐19 on social isolation and/or loneliness.ConclusionsOur research emphasises the complex nature of social isolation and loneliness, including the cyclic nature of poor health and social isolation and loneliness, and how this contributes to contact with the ambulance service.Patient or Public ContributionThe advisory group for the study was supported by a public and patient representative who contributed to the design of the study documentation, data analysis and authorship.
Conservation implications of a genomic‐based taxonomy for threatened allopatric Agriades butterflies
Authors: Lam Nok Ting , Ivanov Vladislav , Dapporto Leonardo , Vila Roger , Mutanen Marko , Dincă Vlad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A good knowledge of the evolutionary history of organisms and an accurate taxonomic framework are keys for efficient biodiversity conservation measures. This is particularly relevant for European butterflies, which are often used as bioindicator organisms and umbrella species for conservation.
The Holarctic butterfly genus Agriades includes seven European arctic‐alpine species of which several have a debated taxonomic status. They are localized and allopatric, and at least two of them are of high conservation concern, namely A. aquilo (in Europe, restricted to northern Scandinavia) and A. zullichi (endemic to southern Spain). Despite high conservation value and taxonomic uncertainty, molecular studies on these taxa are limited to DNA barcodes.
We investigated the evolutionary history and species delimitation of West Palearctic Agriades using double‐digest RAD sequencing (ddRADseq).
Various analyses using genomic data suggested the presence of one species in the glandon species group and one or two in the pyrenaicus species group. The differentiation within the former group (i.e., glandon, aquilo, zullichi) appears to be relatively recent, although the main allopatric populations represent evolutionary significant units (ESUs). Notable geographic structure was found within the pyrenaicus species group, with four allopatric ESUs detected.
Wolbachia screening highlighted the presence of several allele combinations, some associated with particular Agriades populations.
Genomic data revealed the evolutionary trajectory of European Agriades and a tendency for taxonomic oversplitting within this genus. These findings aid conservation by providing genetic background for region or population prioritization (including ESUs), and for the management of potential population reinforcement or reintroductions.
Mindfulness therapy for patients with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Weina , Liao Xiaoqin , Geng Dandan , Yang Jiechao , Chen Hu , Hu Shuqin , Dai Mengqiao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimCoronary heart disease (CHD) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease with high mortality rates worldwide. Patients with CHD often experience adverse psychological stress related to the disease's diagnosis, treatment and recovery phases. This stress can hurt sleep quality and overall quality of life. Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) have been studied as a psychotherapeutic approach to alleviating the psychological stress associated with CHD. This study aimed to determine the effectives of MBIs for health outcomes in patients with CHD.MethodsA total of eight English‐language databases were searched, and eight relevant studies were included in the analysis. The included studies were assessed for literature quality, and data were extracted and analysed using Review Manager 5.3.ResultsA total of eight studies involving 802 participants were included in the analysis. Compared to control groups, MBIs significantly reduced anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and systolic blood pressure. However, there was no significant effect on diastolic blood pressure, quality of life or body mass index. One study reported that MBIs significantly improved sleep quality in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention but had no significant effect on body mass index.ConclusionMBIs had significant effects on anxiety and depression in patients with CHD, reduced perceived stress and were associated with reductions in systolic blood pressure and improvements in sleep quality. However, they did not significantly affect diastolic blood pressure, quality of life or body mass index.
Content validation study on the Advanced Practice Role Delineation Tool
Authors: Jokiniemi Krista , Ackerman Michael , Hako Laura , Pietilä Anna‐Maija 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundRole understanding and practice standards become extremely important in countries that are developing and assessing nursing and advanced practice nursing (APN) roles.AimTo describe the process and findings of a content validation study conducted on the Advanced Practice Role Delineation (APRD) tool in a Finnish context.DesignA tool content validation study.MethodBetween September and October 2019, three rounds of surveys (n = 9, n = 8, n = 5) were conducted to assess the content validity of the APRD tool. Furthermore, a thorough literature review was conducted in December 2020 to examine how the tool has been used and validated between January 2000 and December 2020.ResultsA 45‐item amendment of the APRD tool was created. The Scale Content Validity Index Average of 0.97 reflects excellent content validity. A literature review of 15 studies revealed that the tool has been used by many researchers, yet there is limited research on its content and construct.ConclusionThe steps taken in this study were effective and may be replicated in other countries. Further studies are needed to validate the content and structure of the developed 45‐item modification of the APRD tool.
Preparing for a Day that May Never Come: Venturing in Limbo
Authors: Fathallah Ramzi , Williams Trenton Alma , McMullen Jeffery S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe new venture creation process is a central phenomenon in entrepreneurship research. Typically, scholarship has sought to identify common, linear stages of development in this process in pursuit of a sustained, growing venture. In contrast to this theory, this study reveals dynamic, non‐linear venturing processes that allowed for venture persistence despite failing to ‘progress’ toward traditional outcomes. We generate these insights from qualitative data on Syrian refugee entrepreneurs seeking to create and sustain ventures in Lebanon while living in a state of limbo – a precarious situation where the future is unknown and unknowable. We organize our findings in a model of venturing in limbo, which explains why and how entrepreneurs persist in venture creation practices despite experiencing repeated and significant setbacks that return them ‘to square one’. We reveal dynamic venture creation processes that allow for adaptive responses to erratic environmental shifts by producing entrepreneurial readiness, which consists of behavioural, cognitive, and psychological/emotional capabilities. Entrepreneurial readiness enables persistence of venturing efforts in the face of chronic precarity. Our study contributes to theory on new venture creation in entrepreneurship and organizational liminality.
MiRNome Profiling of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis D Undergoing Pegylated Interferon Alpha Treatment
Authors: Caviglia Gian Paolo , Casalone Elisabetta , Olivero Antonella , Birolo Giovanni , Ciancio Alessia , Matullo Giuseppe , Rizzetto Mario 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTMicro‐RNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the modulation of viral replication and host immune antiviral response. Using next‐generation sequencing, we investigated the miRNome profile of circulating extracellular vesicles in 20 patients with chronic hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection undergoing pegylated interferon alpha (Peg‐IFNα) treatment. Circulating miRNAs' expression was analysed according to virologic response (i.e., HDV RNA clearance maintained at least 6 months after the end of therapy). Overall, 8 patients (40%) achieved a virologic response to Peg‐IFNα treatment. At baseline, 14 miRNAs were differentially expressed between responders and non‐responders; after 6 months of Peg‐IFNα treatment, 7 miRNAs (miR‐155‐5p, miR‐1246, miR‐423‐3p, miR‐760, miR‐744‐5p, miR‐1307‐3p and miR‐146a‐5p) were consistently de‐regulated. Among de‐regulated miRNAs, miR‐155‐5p showed an inverse correlation with HDV RNA (at baseline: rs = −0.39, p = 0.092; at 6 months: rs = −0.53, p = 0.016) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (at baseline: rs = −0.49, p = 0.028; at 6 months: rs−0.71, p < 0.001). At logistic regression analysis, both miR‐155‐5p (at baseline: OR = 4.52, p = 0.022; at 6 months: OR = 5.30, p = 0.029) and HDV RNA (at baseline: OR = 0.19, p = 0.022; at 6 months: OR = 0.38, p = 0.018) resulted significantly associated to virologic response. Considering that Peg‐IFNα still has a relevant role in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis D infection, the assessment of EV miR‐155‐5p may represent an additional valuable tool for the management of HDV patients undergoing Peg‐IFNα treatment.
Heat‐stress memory enhances the acclimation of a migratory insect pest to global warming
Authors: Quan Peng‐Qi , Guo Pan‐Long , He Jing , Liu Xiang‐Dong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the face of rising global temperatures, the mechanisms behind an organism's ability to acclimate to heat stress remain enigmatic. The rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, traditionally viewed as temperature‐sensitive, paradoxically exhibits robust larval acclimation to heat stress. This study used the heat‐acclimated strain HA39, developed through multigenerational exposure to 39°C during the larval stage, and the unacclimated strain HA27 reared at 27°C to unravel the transgenerational effects of heat acclimation and its regulatory mechanisms. Heat acclimation for larvae incurred a fitness cost in pupae when exposed to high temperature, yet a significant transgenerational effect surfaced, revealing heightened fitness benefit in pupae from HA39, even without additional heat exposure during larval recovery at 27°C. This transgenerational effect exhibited a short‐term memory, diminishing after two recovery generations. Moreover, the effect correlated with increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and expression levels of oxidoreductase genes, representing physiological and molecular foundations of heat acclimation. Heat‐acclimated larvae displayed elevated DNA methylation levels, while pupae from HA39, in recovery generations, exhibited decreased methylation indicated by the upregulation of a demethylase gene and downregulation of two methyltransferase genes at high temperatures. In summary, heat acclimation induces DNA methylation, orchestrating heat‐stress memory and influencing the expression levels of oxidoreductase genes and SOD activity. Heat‐stress memory enhances the acclimation of the migratory insect pest to global warming.
The practical turn in philosophy: A revival of the ancient art of living through modern philosophical practice
Authors: Ding Xiaojun , Harteloh Peter , Pan Tianqun , Yu Feng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhilosophical practice, an art of living rooted in ancient traditions, is enriched by modern techniques such as individual counseling, Socratic group dialogues, and organizational consulting. Philosophical counseling, a key aspect of this practice, employs traditional philosophical frameworks and rational reasoning to address clients' concerns, distinguishing itself from psychotherapy while respecting individual autonomy. The growing Western interest in Asian philosophies also underscores a shared pursuit of wisdom, spirituality, and meaning. This paper examines the development, key features, and leading proponents of philosophical practice, its relationship with academic philosophy, and the tensions between their differing aims and methods. The outlook for philosophical counseling is promising, offering an alternative to medical approaches for existential issues and expanding its scope to personal guidance, conflict resolution, and life‐skill development. Its future trajectory hinges on societal trends toward secularization, the de‐medicalization of mental health, and the increasing recognition of philosophy's intrinsic practical value.