bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis on surface modification of orthodontic power chain by nanoimprinting process
Authors: Cheng Hsing-Chung , Lin Wan-Tin , Shen Yung-Kang , Wang Yen-Hsiang 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The traditional orthodontic power chain, usually made of polymer materials, exists some drawbacks, such as the reduction of elasticity due to swell after absorbing water and surface discoloration resulting from the patient’s diet, food, or beverage colors leading to poor appearance. The main purpose of this study was to develop surface modification on orthodontic power chain and to realize the properties change for improvement of its shortcomings. In this study, a template was produced by pure aluminum piece with anodized production (concave) through the nanoimprinting process fabricating nanostructures (convex) on the surface of power chain, resulting in surface modification of power chain. The different nanoimprinting process parameters (e.g., imprinting temperature, imprinting pressure, imprinting time, and demolding temperature) were used to produce nanostructures on the surface of power chain. The results of this study show that the contact angle of the power chain became larger after nanoimprinting surface treatment. The hydrophilic properties of power chain have been turned into hydrophobic properties. Unmodified power chain before water absorption is about 4%, while a modified water absorbance is about 2%–4%.
Editorial to the special issue on Copulae of Statistics & Risk Modeling
Authors: Okhrin Ostap 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Copulae became an extremely popular tool in different areas of research. Since
the first applications in risk management in the late 90th, they attracted
many other quantitatively oriented sciences like biostatistics, hydrology and
finance. The main reason originates in the Sklar (1959) theorem, which allows for separation of the marginal distributions from the dependency structure between the random variables.
This editorial is organized as follows. In the first section we define the copulae and state the Sklar theorem. Some literature suggestions are given in the second section. The last section presents the content of this special issue.
Characteristics of Youth Seeking Emergency Care for Assault Injuries
Authors: Cunningham Rebecca M. , Ranney Megan , Newton Manya , Woodhull Whitney , Zimmerman Marc , Walton Maureen A. 
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To characterize youth seeking care for assault injuries, the context of violence, and previous emergency department (ED) service utilization to inform ED-based injury prevention.

METHODS:
A consecutive sample of youth (14–24) presenting to an urban ED with an assault injury completed a survey of partner violence, gun/knife victimization, gang membership, and context of the fight.

RESULTS:
A total of 925 youth entered the ED with an assault injury; 718 completed the survey (15.4% refused); 730 comparison youth were sampled. The fights leading to the ED visit occurred at home (37.6%) or on streets (30.4%), and were commonly with a known person (68.3%). Fights were caused by issues of territory (23.3%) and retaliation (8.9%); 20.8% of youth reported substance use before the fight. The assault-injured group reported more peer/partner violence and more gun experiences. Assault-injured youth reported higher past ED utilization for assault (odds ratio [OR]: 2.16) or mental health reasons (OR: 7.98). Regression analysis found the assault-injured youth had more frequent weapon use (OR: 1.25) and substance misuse (OR: 1.41).

CONCLUSIONS:
Assault-injured youth seeking ED care report higher levels of previous violence, weapon experience, and substance use compared with a comparison group seeking care for other complaints. Almost 10% of assault-injured youth had another fight-related ED visit in the previous year, and ∼5% had an ED visit for mental health. Most fights were with people known to them and for well-defined reasons, and were therefore likely preventable. The ED is a critical time to interact with youth to prevent future morbidity.
Violent Film Characters’ Portrayal of Alcohol, Sex, and Tobacco-Related Behaviors
Authors: Bleakley Amy , Romer Daniel , Jamieson Patrick E. 
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE:To determine the extent to which movies popular with adolescents feature characters who jointly engage in violence and other risk behaviors. We hypothesized that violent characters engage in other risk behaviors equally often in films rated appropriate for children over 12 (PG-13) and Restricted (R)-rated films.METHODS:Content analysis of a sample of top-grossing movies from 1985 to 2010 (n = 390). We coded movies for the presence of at least 1 main character who was involved in violence and either sex, tobacco, or alcohol use within a 5-minute movie segment and throughout a film.RESULTS:Approximately 90% of the movies contained a segment with a main character involved in violence, and ∼77% of the films had the same character engaging in at least 1 other risk behavior. A violent character was portrayed most often partaking in alcohol-related and sexual behaviors. G and PG movies had less co-occurrence than PG-13 or R-rated movies, but there was no statistical difference between PG-13 and R-rated movies with regards to violence co-occurring with other risk behaviors. These trends did not vary over time.CONCLUSIONS:Popular films that contain violent characters also show those characters engaging in other risk behaviors. Similar rates of co-occurrence between PG-13 and R-rated films suggest that the Motion Picture Association of America ratings system is not sensitive to the joint portrayal of violence and alcohol, sex, and tobacco-related risk behaviors. The on-screen clustering of violence with other risk behaviors is cause for concern and worthy of additional research.
PCAOB Audit Regulation a Decade after SOX: Where It Stands and What the Future Holds
Authors: Palmrose Zoe-Vonna 
Published: December 2013

SYNOPSISThis commentary assesses the status of audit regulation under the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and explores what the future might hold. The commentary discusses how discretionary choices in implementing the PCAOB's legislative mandates under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, and the 2012 Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act have shaped the Board and the PCAOB's inspection, standard-setting, and enforcement activities over its first decade. The commentary suggests that the importance of discretionary choices gives rise to a necessity to develop, articulate, and adhere to core principles of audit regulation. The commentary uses the PCAOB's articulated principles to explore what appear to be some of the key determinants of the future of audit regulation under the PCAOB.
Decoupling zeros of positive electrical circuits
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the reachability and observability of the positive electrical circuits composed of resistors, coils, condensators and voltage sources are established. Definitions of the input-decoupling zeros, output-decoupling zeros and input-output decoupling zeros of the positive electrical circuits are proposed. Some properties of the decoupling zeros of positive electrical circuits are discussed.
Time optimal control of one and double one winding VCM motor
Authors: Kołton Wojciech 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This article presents the time optimal control system adopted to control double winding VCM motor. This kind of control is widely used in hard disk drive servo for head positioning. Mathematical model of double winding VCM motor is presented, and its implementation in MATLAB/Simulink is shown. The extended time optimal control algorithm is implemented on dSpace DS1104 board. The results obtained from simulation and real measurements are compared and discussed
Xanthium Italicum – Anatomy And Histology Data
Authors: Sârbu Anca , Smarandache Daniela 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The species of the genus Xanthium L. raise a number of taxonomic problems, and in some cases their identification is difficult and involves to a great extent the features of the fruit. The identification of some additional criteria, such as anatomical and histological features of the vegetative organs, would be highly beneficial. In this context, the current paper analyses the species Xanthium italicum Moretti, one of the six species of the genus Xanthium, recognised as being present in Romania. The paper highlights few anatomo-histological features of the above-ground vegetative organs, which should subsequently be evaluated in other species of the genus Xanthium, with the purpose of identifying those structural criteria, which could contribute to the identification of the species. The paper also completes with new data and original pictures the limited information available in the literature as regards the anatomy of the above-ground vegetative organs of the species Xanthium italicum.
Preliminary Data on Alien Flora from Oltenia – Romania
Authors: Răduţoiu Daniel , Stan Ion 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This paper presents the list of alien plant species from Oltenia (Romania). For each taxon we mentioned and analysed the life form, the invasive status and the residence time. The collected and presented data highlight the expansion of the area of some alien species not mentioned previously in this part of the country and also the presence of a new subspontaneous species in the vascular flora of Romania, namely Lagurus ovatus.
The influence of a Copper-Containing Funcicide on the Gametophyte of Some Non-Target Pteridophyte Species
Authors: Soare Liliana Cristina , Dobrescu Codruța-Mihaela , Popescu Anca Georgiana 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a fungicide with 20% metallic copper content on spore germination and gametophyte development in two non-target pteridophyte species: Asplenium scolopendrium and Athyrium filix-femina. The experimental variants were: V1 - 0.1% fungicide in Knop solution, V2 - 0.5% fungicide in Knop solution, V3 - 0.7% fungicide in Knop solution, and the Control variant (C) - Knop solution. The fungicide used affected spore germination in all the tested variants. The lowest germination percentages were registered in the species Asplenium scolopendrium: V1 - 69.33%, V2 - 65.66%, V3 - 51.33%. In terms of gametophyte differentiation, the experiments led to delays in developmental stages, absence of rhizoids and necrosis of prothallic cells. The results of the study can be used to assess the impact of the fungicide on the ecosystems in which it is applied, ecosystems where pteridophytes are also present or ecosystems adjacent to them.
A Bayesian model to compare vinification procedures
Authors: Stefanini Federico Mattia , Pantani Ottorino-Luca 
Published: December 2013

Summary The effects of three pre-fermentative techniques (standard procedure, cold soak pre-fermentation and cryomaceration), temperature (20 or 30°C) and saignée (with/without) on the extraction of total anthocyanins were investigated during maceration of must obtained from Sangiovese grapes. A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to estimate time-dependent contrasts while addressing the peculiar features displayed by the experimental units (wine tanks): substantial heterogeneity among replicates, departure from low-order `textbook' kinetics and the occasional presence of very low observations. Prior distributions of critical model parameters were elicited with the help of wine{making experts and by considering the results of previous experiments. The posterior distribution of model parameters was approximated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation using JAGS software. Among the main findings, it is to be highlighted that temperature and saignée increased the total anthocyanin concentration in all the techniques, although at different times during maceration. In all the procedures the total anthocyanin gain decreased as the maceration came to an end.
Implementation and Results of New High Resolution SAR Modes for an Airborne Maritime Patrol Radar
Authors: Gromek Damian , Samczyński Piotr , Misiurewicz Jacek , Malanowski Mateusz , Kulpa Krzysztof , Gromek Artur , Gadós Andrzej , Jarzębska Anna , Smolarczyk Maciej 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The paper presents new high resolution SAR results of real-life measurements using an updated ARS-400/ARS-800 SAR sensor installed on the maritime patrol aircraft M-28. The main role for such radars is surveying the sea surface, and the imaging of selected targets (e.g. ships, roads, vehicles, buildings, etc.) to help the operator in classifying them. In the present day increasing computing power, improved algorithms and general technological progress has allowed the obtaining of better results in SAR imagery.
Accurate Phase Calibration for Digital Beam-Forming in Multi-Transceiver HF Radar System
Authors: Nguyen Hung Q. , Whittington Jim S. , Devlin John C. , Vu Ha L. , Vu Ngoc-Vinh , Custovic Eddie 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The TIGER-3 radar is being developed as an “all digital” radar with 20 integrated digital transceivers, each connected to a separate antenna. Using phased array antenna techniques, radiated power is steered towards a desired direction based on the relative phases within the array elements. This paper proposes an accurate phase measurement method to calibrate the phases of the radio output signals using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology. The method sequentially measures the phase offset between the RF signal generated by each transceiver and a reference signal operated at the same frequency. Accordingly, the transceiver adjusts its phase in order to align to the reference phase. This results in accurately aligned phases of the RF output signals and with the further addition of appropriate phase offsets, digital beamforming (DBF) can be performed steering the beam in a desired direction. The proposed method is implemented on a Virtex-5 VFX70T device. Experimental results show that the calibration accuracy is of 0.153 degrees with 14 MHz operating frequency.
Geochronology of the Neogene intrusive magmatism of the Oaș—Gutâi Mountains, Eastern Carpathians (NW Romania)
Authors: Kovacs Marinel , Pécskay Zoltán , Fülöp Alexandrina , Jurje Maria , Edelstein Oscar 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Earlier geological work in the Oaș-Gutâi Mts (OG), Eastern Carpathians, has revealed the extensive presence of shallow subvolcanic intrusive bodies, both exposed on the surface and covered by Paleogene-Neogene sedimentary sequences and Neogene volcanic formations. This study is based on detailed mapping and sampling of the OG Neogene intrusive magmatic rocks. Thirty seven representative intrusions (sills, dykes, microlaccoliths, etc.) were selected for radiometric dating. These intrusions show a wide variety of petrographic rock-types: from microgabbros to microgranodiorites and from basalts to andesites. However, the intrusions consist of typical calc-alkaline, medium-K rocks, similar to the volcanic rocks which outcrop in the same areas. The K-Ar age determinations on whole-rock samples of intrusions yielded ages between 11.9 Ma and 7.0 Ma (from Late Sarmatian to Middle Pannonian). The results are in good agreement with the common assumption, based on the biostratigraphic and geological data, that large volumes of intrusions have formed during the paroxysm of the intermediate volcanic activity in the OG. Except for the Firiza basalt intrusive complex of the Gutâi Mts (8.1-7.0 Ma), the OG intrusions show similar K-Ar ages as the intrusions of the “Subvolcanic Zone” and Călimani Mts from Eastern Carpathians. The timing of the OG intrusive magmatism partially overlaps with the timing of the intrusive magmatic activity in the Eastern Moravia and Pieniny Mts. The systematic radiometric datings in the whole OG give clear evidence that the hydrothermal activity related to the epithermal systems always postdates intrusion emplacement.
Laser Reflectance Interferometry System with a 405 Nm Laser Diode for in Situ Measurements of CVD Diamond Thickness
Authors: Kraszewski Maciej , Bogdanowicz Robert 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In situ monitoring of the thickness of thin diamond films during technological processes is important because it allows better control of deposition time and deeper understanding of deposition kinetics. One of the widely used techniques is laser reflectance interferometry (LRI) which enables non-contact measurement during CVD deposition. The authors have built a novel LRI system with a 405 nm laser diode which achieves better resolution compared to the systems based on He-Ne lasers, as reported so far. The system was used for in situ monitoring of thin, microcrystalline diamond films deposited on silicon substrate in PA-CVD processes. The thickness of each film was measured by stylus profilometry and spectral reflectance analysis as a reference. The system setup and interferometric signal processing are also presented for evaluating the system parameters, i.e. measurement uncertainty, resolution and the range of measurable film thickness.
Passive UHF RFID-Enabled Sensor System For Detection Of Product’S Exposure To Elevated Temperature
Authors: Janeczek Kamil , Jakubowska Małgorzata , Kozioł Grażyna , Jankowski-Mihułowicz Piotr 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Temperature change is one of key factors which should be taken into account in logistics during transportation or storage of many types of goods. In this study, a passive UHF RFID-enabled sensor system for elevated temperature (above 58°C) detection has been demonstrated. This system consists of an RFID reader and disposable temperature sensor comprising an UHF antenna, chip and temperature sensitive unit. The UHF antenna was designed and simulated in an IE3D software. The properties of the system were examined depending on the temperature level, type of package which contains the studied objects and the type of antenna substrate.
Silicon Photomultiplier Gain Compensation Algorithm in Multidetector Measurements
Authors: Baszczyk Mateusz , Dorosz Piotr , Głąb Sebastian , Kucewicz Wojciech , Mik Łukasz , Sapor Maria 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The paper stresses the issue of strong temperature influence on the gain of a Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM). High sensitivity of the detector to light (single photons) requires stable parameters during measurement, including gain. The paper presents a method of compensating the change of gain caused by temperature variations, by adjusting a suitable voltage bias provided by a precise power module. The methodology of the research takes in account applications with a large number of SiPMs (20 thousand), explains the challenges and presents the results of the gain stabilization algorithm.
Single-molecule FRET for Ultrasensitive Detection of Biomolecules
Authors: Yang Kun , Yang Yong , Zhang Chun-yang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSingle-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (sm- FRET) has been widely employed to detect biomarkers and to probe the structure and dynamics of biomolecules. By monitoring the biological reaction in a spatio-temporal manner, smFRET can reveal the transient intermediates of biological processes that cannot be obtained by conventional ensemble measurements. This review provides an overview of singlemolecule FRET and its applications in ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules, including the major techniques and the molecular probes used for smFRET as well as the biomedical applications of smFRET. Especially, the combination of sm- FRET with new technologies might expand its applications in clinical diagnosis and biomedical research
Diversity of microfungi on branches of Castanea sativa in Slovakia
Authors: Adamčíková Katarína , Juhásová Gabriela , Kobza Marek , Ondrušková Emília 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Localities in Castanea sativa Mill. plantations were visited in a study aimed at identifying the mycoflora of C. sativa in Slovakia [excluding Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.), Barr for which much data is available]. Samples from chestnut tree branches and stems were examined visually and microscopically. Seven species of microfungi were recorded, three with their anamorphs. Coryneum modonium (Sacc.) Griffon & Maubl. and Phomopsis castaneae Woron. were the most common. Libertella quercina Tul. & C. Tul. was identified in both states (anamorph and teleomorph) at two new localities. The records of Gloniopsis praelonga (Schwein.) Underw. & Earle and Dothidotthia celtidis (Ellis & Everh.) M. E. Barr are the first for Slovakia. These species were rare, found only in one locality. Two microscopic fungi were detected: Valsa ambiens (Pers.) Fr. [Cytospora ambiens (Nitschke) Sacc.] and Diplodina castaneae Prill. & Delacr.
Subgenus Fissidens in tropical Eastern Africa with emphasis on the Tanzanian collections by Tamás Pócs
Authors: Bruggeman-Nannenga Maria Alida 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Illustrated revision of Fissidens subgenus Fissidens in tropical eastern Africa. Fissidens artsii Brugg.-Nann. is newly reported from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda; F. gomae P. de la Varde & J.-F. Leroy to Uganda and F. leucocinctus Hampe to Angola; F. magnicellulatus Brugg.-Nann., F. pachylomadelphus Demaret & P. de la Varde, F. robynsianus P. de la Varde, F. rotereaui P. de la Varde and F. taylorii Müll. Hal. are new to Tanzania. The last is also new for Africa. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: Fissidens androgynus Bruch in Krauss (F. simensis Schimp. ex Müll. Hal., syn. nov., F. longipes Welw. & Duby, syn. nov., F. subremotifolius Müll. Hal., syn. nov., F. gueinzii Müll. Hal., syn. nov., F. malaco-bryoides Müll. Hal., syn. nov., F. obsoletidens Müll. Hal. var. schistophila Broth., syn. nov., F. platybryoides Müll. Hal. var. subimmarginatus Dixon, syn. nov., F. crateris Dixon, syn. nov., F. crateris Dixon var. sererekae Dixon, syn. nov.), Fissidens crispus Mont. (F. hoeegii P. de la Varde syn. nov. and F. cataractarum Demaret & P. de la Varde, syn. nov.). Reinstatements: F. pachylomadelphus Demaret & P. de la Varde and F. rotereaui P. de la Varde (confirmed synonym Fissidens schelpei P. de la Varde).
A small world: Uncovering hidden diversity in Frullania – a new species from Aotearoa-New Zealand
Authors: Konrat Matt von , Lange Peter de , Larraín Juan , Hentschel Jörn , Carter Benjamin , Shaw Jon , Shaw Blanka 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Frullania is a large and taxonomically complex genus. Here a new Frullania, F. toropuku von Konrat, de Lange & Larraín, sp. nov. is described from New Zealand. Frullania toropuku is placed in F. subg. Microfrullania. The new species is readily recognised by a combination of morphological characters associated with branching, the perianth, sexuality, and sporophyte, which distinguish it from all other New Zealand and regional species of Frullania. However, morphologically F. toropuku most closely resembles the widespread F. rostrata, which might well be regarded as a Southern Hemisphere equivalent of the Holarctic F. tamarisci species-complex in terms of its cryptic diversity. A combination of morphological characters associated with branching, the perianth, sexuality, and sporophyte distinguish F. toropuku from all other New Zealand and regional species of Frullania. A comparison is made between F. toropuku and morphologically allied species of botanical regions outside the New Zealand region and an artificial key is provided. In a prior investigation, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS2 and plastidic trnL-trnF sequences from purported related species confirms its independent taxonomic status and corroborates its placement within F. subg. Microfrullania. The ongoing studies of Frullania species-complexes reveal the urgent need for more species-level phylogenies with extensive population sampling to approximate the actual diversity of Frullania, and to elucidate speciation processes and distribution range formation.