bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft Genome Sequence of
Frankia
sp. Strain CcI6, a Salt-Tolerant Nitrogen-Fixing Actinobacterium Isolated from the Root Nodule of
Casuarina cunninghamiana
Authors: Mansour Samira R. , Oshone Rediet , Hurst Sheldon G. , Morris Krystalynne , Thomas W. Kelley , Tisa Louis S. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Members of the actinomycete genus
Frankia
form a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with 8 different families of actinorhizal plants. We report a 5.57-Mbp draft genome sequence for
Frankia
sp. strain CcI6, a salt-tolerant nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium isolated from root nodules of
Casurina cunninghamiana
grown in Egyptian soils
.
Physical activity and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Abioye Ajibola Ibraheem , Odesanya Majeed Olaniyi , Abioye Asanat Iyabode , Ibrahim Nasiru Akanmu 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundStudies evaluating the relationship of physical activity and stomach cancer risk have yielded inconsistent and largely inconclusive results. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that assessed the relationship between physical activity and risk of gastric cancer.MethodsFollowing a standard protocol, we searched medical literature databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Google Scholar) from inception to July 2012, and conducted a random effects meta-analysis.ResultsSeven prospective cohorts and four case–control studies of physical activity and gastric cancer risk, with 1 535 006 people and 7944 cases of gastric cancer were included. We found a modest protective association between sufficient physical activity and gastric cancer risk (relative risk: 0.81 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.96); I2=68.5%) in the prospective studies and (relative risk: 0.78 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.91); I2=0%) in case–control studies. The association appeared weaker in smokers than in non-smokers (p heterogeneity=0.035). The association may also be weaker for gastric cardia cancer relative to the distal non-cardia subtypes. Physical activity type (recreational or occupational), intake of alcohol, total energy intake, consumption of fruits and vegetables and infection withHelicobacter pylorihad no influence on the association. The effect measure from cohort studies (relative risk: 0.82 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.97); I2=61.7%) and case–control studies (relative risk: 0.83 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.04); I2=49.8%) did not differ materially at higher physical activity levels.ConclusionsWe conclude that a regular physical activity may be protective against stomach cancer risk.
Strong propensity for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men in Vietnam: behavioural data and sexual network modelling
Authors: Bengtsson Linus , Lu Xin , Liljeros Fredrik , Thanh Hoang Huy , Thorson Anna 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesSurvey data from men who have sex with men (MSM) in Asian cities indicate ongoing and drastic increases in HIV prevalence. It is unknown which behavioural factors are most important in driving these epidemics. We aimed to analyse detailed sexual behaviour data among MSM in Vietnam and to model HIV transmission using improved assumptions on sexual network structure.SettingVietnam.ParticipantsInternet-using men who had ever had sex (any type) with a man, aged ≥18 years and living in Vietnam. The study was cross-sectional, population-based and performed in 2012, using online respondent-driven sampling. The Internet-based survey instrument was completed by 982 participants, of which 857 were eligible. Questions included sociodemography and retrospective sexual behaviour, including number of unprotected anal sex (UAS) acts per partner.Primary and secondary outcome measuresEstimated basic reproductive number over 3 months as a function of transmission risk per UAS act; frequency distributions of number of UAS partners and UAS acts during last 3 months.Results36% (CI 32% to 42%) reported UAS at least once during the last 3 months. 36% (CI 32% to 41%) had ever taken an HIV test and received the result. UAS partner numbers and number of UAS acts were both highly skewed and positively correlated. Using a weighted configuration model, taking into account partner numbers, frequency of UAS and their correlations, we estimated the basic reproductive number (R0) over 3 months. The results indicated rapid transmission over a wide range of values of per-act transmissibility.ConclusionsMen with multiple partners had unexpectedly high UAS frequency per partner, paired with low HIV testing rates. The study highlights the importance of collecting data on frequency of UAS acts and indicates the need to rapidly scale-up HIV prevention services and testing opportunities for MSM in Vietnam.
Organised colorectal cancer screening in Lampang Province, Thailand: preliminary results from a pilot implementation programme
Authors: Khuhaprema Thiravud , Sangrajrang Suleeporn , Lalitwongsa Somkiat , Chokvanitphong Vanida , Raunroadroong Tawarat , Ratanachu-ek Tawee , Muwonge Richard , Lucas Eric , Wild Christopher , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most and fifth-most common cancer in men and women, in Thailand. The increasing CRC incidence and mortality can be reduced by screening and treating adenomas and early cancers. A pilot CRC screening programme using immunochemical faecal occult blood testing (iFOBT) and colonoscopy for test-positives were implemented through the routine Government Health Services in Lampang Province, to inform the acceptability, feasibility and scaling-up of screening in Thailand. This report describes the implementation, coverage and performance indicators of this project.DesignA target population aged 50–65 years was informed about and invited face to face to undergo CRC screening by community health workers (HWs). The HWs provided faecal sample collection kits and participants brought their samples to one of the primary health units or community hospitals where nurses performed iFOBT. iFOBT-positive persons were referred for colonoscopy at the Lampang cancer hospital, and endoscopic polypectomy/biopsies were performed according to the colonoscopic findings. Those with confirmed CRC received appropriate treatment.ResultsOf the 127 301 target population, 62.9% were screened using iFOBT between April 2011 and November 2012. Participation was higher among women (67.8%) than men (57.8%) and lower in 50–54 year-old persons than in 60–65-year-olds. Of those screened, 873 (1.1%) were found positive; positivity was higher in men (1.2%) than in women (1.0%). To date 627 (72.0%) iFOBT-positive persons have had colonoscopy in which 3.7% had CRC and 30.6% had adenomas.ConclusionsThe successful implementation of the pilot CRC screening with satisfactory process measures indicate the feasibility of scaling-up organised CRC screening through existing health services in Thailand.
Analysis of variation in charges and prices paid for vaginal and caesarean section births: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hsia Renee Y , Akosa Antwi Yaa , Weber Ellerie 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the between-hospital variation of charges and discounted prices for uncomplicated vaginal and caesarean section deliveries, and to determine the institutional and market-level characteristics that influence adjusted charges.Design, setting and participantsUsing data from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD), we conducted a cross-sectional study of all privately insured patients admitted to California hospitals in 2011 for uncomplicated vaginal delivery (diagnosis-related group (DRG) 775) or uncomplicated caesarean section (DRG 766).Outcome measuresHospital charges and discounted prices adjusted for each patient's clinical and demographic characteristics.ResultsWe analysed 76 766 vaginal deliveries and 32 660 caesarean sections in California in 2011. After adjusting for patient demographic and clinical characteristics, we found that the average California woman could be charged as little as US$3296 or as much as US$37 227 for a vaginal delivery, and US$8312–US$70 908 for a caesarean section depending on which hospital she was admitted to. The discounted prices were, on an average, 37% of the charges. We found that hospitals in markets with middling competition had significantly lower adjusted charges for vaginal deliveries, while hospitals with higher wage indices and casemixes, as well as for-profit hospitals, had higher adjusted charges. Hospitals in markets with higher uninsurance rates charged significantly less for caesarean sections, while for-profit hospitals and hospitals with higher wage indices charged more. However, the institutional and market-level factors included in our models explained only 35–36% of the between-hospital variation in charges.ConclusionsThese results indicate that charges and discounted prices for two common, relatively homogeneous diagnosis groups—uncomplicated vaginal delivery and caesarean section—vary widely between hospitals and are not well explained by observable patient or hospital characteristics.
The practice of palliative care from the perspective of patients and carers
Authors: Sampson Cathy , Finlay Ilora , Byrne Anthony , Snow Veronica , Nelson Annmarie 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesThe meaning that patients and carers attribute to their experience of palliative care is fundamental to the provision, practice and evaluation of optimal care. This analysis aims to establish contemporary key practices and priorities from the perspective of patients and carers.MethodsThematic analysis was applied to 594 anonymised free text responses from patients and carers documenting their experiences of palliative care.ResultsThe emotional experience of care is the most significant aspect documented by patients and carers. It refers to the process of care in key domains of respect, renewal, refuge and restorative care. Patients and carers described care as either enabling or directly provided. The emotional experience of care was not confined to psychosocial need and constituted a core practice drawing on professional expertise and interpersonal skills, some of which may be taken for granted by staff themselves.ConclusionsThe emotional experience of care is examined as a practice rather than a topic, acknowledging that patients and carers documented the performance of care and the resulting impact in a variety of situations. The emotional experience of care comprises key aspects of contextual care facilitating autonomy and connectedness. It is embedded in relationships mediated by communication and tenor of care. The perspective of patients and carers places the emotional experience of palliative care centrally. This has implications for future service evaluation and the incorporation of this skill-based outcome alongside more traditional outcome measures such as the amelioration of physical symptoms.
Are dietary interventions effective at increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among overweight children? A systematic review
Authors: Bourke Michael , Whittaker Paula J , Verma Arpana 
Published: January 2014

IntroductionChildhood obesity is now a global epidemic and the incidence continues to increase. Dietary interventions and nutritional education are possible options to manage childhood obesity. However, restrictive diets can result in negative outcomes, and therefore it may be more apt to encourage children to consume more fruit and vegetables and thereby develop a healthier positive attitude towards food.MethodA systematic review of literature of interventions to increase fruit and/or vegetable consumption in overweight or obese children and adolescents was conducted, applying a free-text strategy with a set of search terms.ResultsA total of five studies describing seven interventions published in international peer-reviewed journals and meeting the review's eligibility criteria were identified. All five studies examined family-focused interventions to increase daily fruit and vegetable consumption measured either by child self-report or parent report. Only one intervention reported a lasting statistically significant increased consumption of fruit and vegetables.ConclusionsThis review highlights that in order to tackle obesity narrow interventions focusing on single aspects of behaviour are unlikely to achieve long-term change. Successful public health interventions tackling childhood obesity will need to take a holistic approach and target behaviour change in multiple aspects of children's lifestyles and their surroundings, including nutritional education, parental support and physical activity.
Efficacy of early Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination against mixed respiratory disease in older fattening pigs
Authors: Del Pozo Sacristán R. , Sierens A. , Marchioro S. B. , Vangroenweghe F. , Jourquin J. , Labarque G. , Haesebrouck F. , Maes D. 
Published: January 2014

The present field study investigated the efficacy of early Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination in a farrow‐to‐finish pig herd with respiratory disease late in the fattening period due to combined infections with M hyopneumoniae and viral pathogens. Five hundred and forty piglets were randomly divided into three groups of 180 piglets each: two groups were vaccinated (Stellamune Once) at either 7 (V1) or 21 days of age (V2), and a third group was left non‐vaccinated (NV). The three treatment groups were housed in different pens within the same compartment during the nursery period, and were housed in different but identical compartments during the fattening period. The efficacy was evaluated using performance and pneumonia lesions. The average daily weight gain during the fattening period was 19 (V1) and 18 g/day (V2) higher in both vaccinated groups when compared with the NV group. However, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The prevalence of pneumonia was significantly lower in both vaccinated groups (V1: 71.5 and V2: 67.1 per cent) when compared with the NV group (80.2 per cent) (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two vaccination groups. In conclusion, in the present herd with respiratory disease during the second half of the fattening period caused by M hyopneumoniae and viral infections, prevalence of pneumonia lesions were significantly reduced and growth losses numerically (not statistically significant) decreased by both vaccination schedules.
Research-Based PAM50 Subtype Predictor Identifies Higher Responses and Improved Survival Outcomes in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer in the NOAH Study
Authors: Prat Aleix , Bianchini Giampaolo , Thomas Marlene , Belousov Anton , Cheang Maggie C.U. , Koehler Astrid , Gómez Patricia , Semiglazov Vladimir , Eiermann Wolfgang , Tjulandin Sergei , Byakhow Mikhail , Bermejo Begoña , Zambetti Milvia , Vazquez Federico , Gianni Luca , Baselga José 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Purpose: We report a retrospective exploratory analysis of the association of the research-based prediction analysis of microarray 50 (PAM50) subtype predictor with pathologic complete response (pCR) and event-free survival (EFS) in women enrolled in the NeOAdjuvant Herceptin (NOAH) trial.
Experimental Design: Gene expression profiling was performed using RNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded core biopsies from 114 pretreated patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) tumors randomized to receive neoadjuvant doxorubicin/paclitaxel (AT) followed by cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil (CMF), or the same regimen in combination with trastuzumab for one year. A control cohort of 42 patients with HER2-negative tumors treated with AT-CMF was also included. The PAM50 subtypes, the PAM50 proliferation score, and the PAM50 risk of relapse score based on subtype (RORS) and subtype and proliferation (RORP) were evaluated.
Results: HER2-enriched (HER2-E) tumors predominated within HER2+ disease, although all PAM50 intrinsic subtypes were identified across the three cohorts. The OR for achieving pCR with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy for HER2+/HER2-E and HER2+/RORP-high were 5.117 (P = 0.009) and 8.469 (P = 0.025), respectively, compared with chemotherapy only. The pCR rates of HER2+/HER2-E and HER2+/RORP-high after trastuzumab-based chemotherapy were 52.9% and 75.0%, respectively. A statistically nonsignificant trend was observed for more pronounced survival benefit with trastuzumab in patients with HER2+/HER2-E and HER2+/RORP-high tumors compared with patients with HER2+/non-HER2-E and HER2+/non-RORP-high tumors, respectively.
Conclusions: As determined by EFS and pCR, patients with HER2+/HER2-E tumors, or HER2+/RORP-high tumors, benefit substantially from trastuzumab-based chemotherapy. The clinical value of this genomic test within HER2+ disease warrants further investigation. Clin Cancer Res; 20(2); 511–21. ©2014 AACR.
“Quitting Smoking Will Benefit Your Health”: The Evolution of Clinician Messaging to Encourage Tobacco Cessation
Authors: Toll Benjamin A. , Rojewski Alana M. , Duncan Lindsay R. , Latimer-Cheung Amy E. , Fucito Lisa M. , Boyer Julie L. , O'Malley Stephanie S. , Salovey Peter , Herbst Roy S. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Illnesses that are caused by smoking remain as the world's leading cause of preventable death. Smoking and tobacco use constitute approximately 30% of all cancer-related deaths and nearly 90% of lung cancer–related deaths. Thus, improving smoking cessation interventions is crucial to reduce tobacco use and assist in minimizing the burden of cancer and other diseases in the United States. This review focuses on the existing research on framed messages to promote smoking cessation. Consistent with the tenets of prospect theory and recent meta-analysis, gain-framed messages emphasizing the benefits of quitting seem to be preferable when working with adult patients who smoke tobacco products. The evidence also suggests that moderators of treatment should guide framed statements made to patients. Meta-analyses have provided consistent moderators of treatment such as need for cognition, but future studies should further define the specific framed interventions that would be most helpful for subgroups of smokers. In conclusion, instead of using loss-framed statements like “Smoking will harm your health by causing problems like lung and other cancers, heart disease, and stroke,” as a general rule, physicians should use gain-framed statements like “Quitting smoking will benefit your health by preventing problems like lung and other cancers, heart disease, and stroke.” Clin Cancer Res; 20(2); 301–9. ©2014 AACR.
Antagonism of SET Using OP449 Enhances the Efficacy of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Overcomes Drug Resistance in Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Agarwal Anupriya , MacKenzie Ryan J. , Pippa Raffaella , Eide Christopher A. , Oddo Jessica , Tyner Jeffrey W. , Sears Rosalie , Vitek Michael P. , Odero María D. , Christensen Dale J. , Druker Brian J. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Purpose: The SET oncoprotein, a potent inhibitor of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is overexpressed in leukemia. We evaluated the efficacy of SET antagonism in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines, a murine leukemia model, and primary patient samples using OP449, a specific, cell-penetrating peptide that antagonizes SET's inhibition of PP2A.
Experimental Design: In vitro cytotoxicity and specificity of OP449 in CML and AML cell lines and primary samples were measured using proliferation, apoptosis, and clonogenic assays. Efficacy of target inhibition by OP449 was evaluated by immunoblotting and PP2A assay. In vivo antitumor efficacy of OP449 was measured in human HL-60 xenografted murine model.
Results: We observed that OP449 inhibited growth of CML cells including those from patients with blastic phase disease and patients harboring highly drug-resistant BCR-ABL1 mutations. Combined treatment with OP449 and ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors was significantly more cytotoxic to K562 cells and primary CD34+ CML cells. SET protein levels remained unchanged with OP449 treatment, but BCR-ABL1–mediated downstream signaling was significantly inhibited with the degradation of key signaling molecules such as BCR-ABL1, STAT5, and AKT. Similarly, AML cell lines and primary patient samples with various genetic lesions showed inhibition of cell growth after treatment with OP449 alone or in combination with respective kinase inhibitors. Finally, OP449 reduced the tumor burden of mice xenografted with human leukemia cells.
Conclusions: We demonstrate a novel therapeutic paradigm of SET antagonism using OP449 in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of CML and AML. Clin Cancer Res; 20(8); 2092–103. ©2014 AACR.
Enhancement of the Tumor Penetration of Monoclonal Antibody by Fusion of a Neuropilin-Targeting Peptide Improves the Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Shin Tae-Hwan , Sung Eun-Sil , Kim Ye-Jin , Kim Ki-Su , Kim Se-Ho , Kim Seok-Ki , Lee Young-Don , Kim Yong-Sung 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe limited localization and penetration of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) into solid tumors restricts their antitumor efficacy. Here, we describe a solid tumor–targeting antibody with enhanced tumor penetration activity. We designed a 22-residue peptide (A22p), which was extracted from the C-terminal basic region of semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) but modified to have higher affinity with neuropilin receptors (NRP), and genetically fused it to the C-terminus of Fc of human immunoglobulin G1 via a 15-residue (G4S)3 linker, generating Fc-A22p, for the bivalent binding to NRPs. In contrast to Fc or the monovalent A22p peptide alone, Fc-A22p homed to tumor vessels and induced vascular permeability through VE-cadherin downregulation and penetrated tumor tissues by interacting with NRPs in mice bearing human tumor xenografts. We extended the Fc-A22p platform by generating mAb-A22p antibodies of two clinically approved solid tumor–targeting mAbs, the anti-EGF receptor mAb cetuximab (erbitux), and the anti-Her2 mAb trastuzumab (herceptin). The mAb-A22p antibodies retained the intrinsic antigen binding, natural Fc-like biophysical properties, and productivity in mammalian cell cultures, comparable with those of the parent mAbs. In mouse xenograft tumor models, the mAb-A22p antibodies more efficiently homed to tumor vessels and spread into the extravascular tumor parenchyma, which significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy compared with the parent mAbs. Our results suggest that mAb-A22p is a superior format for solid tumor–targeting antibodies due to its enhanced tumor tissue penetration and greater antitumor efficacy compared with conventional mAbs. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(3); 651–61. ©2014 AACR.