bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Did Eve Acquire, Create, or Procreate with Yahweh? A Grammatical and Contextual Reassessment Of קנה in Genesis 4:1
Authors: Bokovoy David E. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Eve’s statement that she had קנה a man in Genesis 4:1 has been the subject of considerable academic debate. A grammatical reassessment of the Semitic root qnh/qny, as well as a contextual analysis of Eve’s expression קָנִיתִי אִישׁ אֶת־יְהוָה supports a reading for Genesis 4:1b as “I have procreated a man with Yahweh.” This observation illustrates that some biblical authors perceived their deity as an active creative agent in the mysterious process of human conception, a view that accords with Yahweh’s participatory role in the tradition of Isaac’s conception in Genesis 21:1-3.1
Application of hybrid Cartesian grid and gridless approach to moving boundary flow problems
Authors: Cai Xiao Wei , Tan Jun Jie , Ma Xin Jian , Zhang Min , Wang Hua Sheng 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe paper presents a hybrid Cartesian grid and gridless approach to solve unsteady moving boundary flow problems. Unlike the Chimera clouds of points approach, the hybrid approach uses a Cartesian grid to cover most of the computational domain and a gridless method to calculate a relatively small region adjacent to the body surface, making use of the flexibility of the gridless method in handling surface grid with complicated geometry and the computational efficiency of the Cartesian grid. Four cases were conducted to examine the applicability, accuracy and robustness of the hybrid approach. Steady flows over a single NACA0012 airfoil and dual NACA0012 airfoils at different Mach numbers and angles of attack were simulated. Moreover, by implementing a dynamic hole cutting, node identification and information communication between the Cartesian grid and the gridless regions, unsteady flows over a pitching NACA0012 airfoil (small displacement) and two‐dimensional airfoil/store separation (large displacement) were performed. The computational results were found to agree well with earlier experimental data as well as computational results. Shock waves were accurately captured. The computational results show that the hybrid approach is of potential to solve the moving boundary flow problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thoracic and lumbar spinal cord diffusion tensor imaging in dogs
Authors: Griffin John F. , Cohen Noah D. , Young Benjamin D. , Eichelberger Bunita M. , Padua Abraham , Purdy David , Levine Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurpose:To analyze four clinically applicable diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) protocols (two each in the transverse and sagittal planes) in the normal dog.Materials and Methods:Seven healthy Dachshund dogs were scanned with four DTI protocols. Within each plane, identical spatial resolution was used while the number of diffusion‐encoding directions and averages varied. Agreement of measured fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was analyzed with Bland–Altman methods, subjective image quality within each plane was compared, and FA and ADC were explored as a function of anatomic location.Results:There was good agreement in FA and ADC values within each plane. FA had the smallest bias and most precision. No difference was detected in subjective image quality within each plane. FA and ADC were slightly higher cranial to the lumbar intumescence compared to within it.Conclusion:DTI is a promising tool in the assessment of spinal cord injury (SCI) in the study of dogs with intervertebral disk herniation as a preclinical model of human SCI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:632–641. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MR imaging of the yucatan pig head and neck vasculature
Authors: Habib Charbel A. , Utriainen David , Peduzzi‐Nelson Jean , Dawe Elizabeth , Mattei Janine , Latif Zahid , Casey Kenneth , Haacke E. Mark 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:To evaluate the cerebral venous drainage system of the swine as a probable model to test whether extracranial venous abnormalities may play a role in neurodegenerative diseases as reported recently in multiple sclerosis.Materials and Methods:Three Yucatan micropigs, 5 to 7 months old, were scanned with a comprehensive MRI protocol at 3 Tesla. The vascular anatomy of the head and neck was imaged using conventional and angiographic MR sequences. Phase‐contrast MR images were collected at multiple levels of the neck and intracranial space to monitor flow.Results:Three large cervical veins were observed; the external jugular vein draining the olfactory and gustatory tissues; the internal jugular vein (IJV) draining the cavernous sinus as well as surrounding soft tissues in the neck; and the ventral vertebral venous plexus (VVVP) surrounding the dural sac and paraspinal region. The majority of the cerebral blood flow in the pig appears to drain through the VVVP. Flow through the IJV comprised a nondominant component. Anastamoses were observed connecting the major veins of the neck bilaterally.Conclusion:The dominance of outflow from the brain to the VVVP may be analogous to the typical dominance of the IJVs in humans in the supine position. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:641–649. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Free sensate medial plantar flap for contralateral plantar forefoot reconstruction with flap reinnervation using end‐to‐side neurorrhaphy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Lykoudis Efstathios G. , Seretis Konstantinos , Lykissas Marios G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractReconstruction of weight‐bearing plantar defects remains a challenge due to the unique characteristics of the plantar skin and thus the limited available options. The medial plantar flap, either pedicled or free, represents an ideal option, but its use as sensate flap for forefoot defects has been scarcely reported. We present a case of plantar forefoot reconstruction with a free sensate medial plantar flap, with end‐to‐side coaptation of the cutaneous sensory fascicles of the flap to the medial plantar nerve of the recipient. Last follow‐up, at 2 years post‐op, verified a very good functional and aesthetic outcome, indicating that the suggested approach may prove the treatment of choice in selected cases of plantar forefoot reconstruction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Supply chain optimization modeling in uncertain environment with prediction mechanism
Authors: Li Chong , Chen Kejia 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore new methods to improve supply chain management in uncertain environment, more specifically, to tackle the uncertain demand problem and the inventory optimization problem faced by most supply chain systems.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops a multi‐objective inventory optimization model, which combines the classic grey prediction GM(1,1) model with the metaheuristic method. The former is applied to achieve the forecasting mechanism in supply chain operations, and the latter is applied to optimize the model solution.FindingsResults show that the grey‐based forecasting mechanism performs better than other prediction methods, such as the double exponential smoothing method used in this paper. The solution of the multi‐objective inventory optimization model is also improved with the integration of grey prediction method. These indicate the importance of a forecasting mechanism in supply chain management.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in constructing a novel inventory optimization model and in providing a novel supply chain management framework. It shows for the first time that grey prediction method combined with metaheuristic method may be a valid approach to supply chain management under uncertain environment.
Plastic larval development in a butterfly has complex environmental and genetic causes and consequences for population dynamics
Authors: Saastamoinen Marjo , Ikonen Suvi , Wong Swee C. , Lehtonen Rainer , Hanski Ilkka 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIn insects, the length of larval development time typically influences adult body size and individual fitness, and hence development time can be expected to respond in an adaptive manner to variation in environmental conditions. In the wild, larval growth may be influenced by individual condition, which can be affected by population‐level parameters such as population density and abundance and quality of resources.We sampled larvae of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) from 514 local populations across a large metapopulation before the winter diapause and reared the larvae in common garden conditions after diapause. Here, we report that small post‐diapause larvae prolonged their development via an extra larval instar, apparently to compensate for their ‘bad start’ after diapause. The number of instars was additionally a plastic response to environmental conditions, as the frequency of the extra instar increased under cooler thermal conditions.The benefit of the extra instar is clear, as it allows individuals to develop into larger adults, but the cost is delayed adult eclosion, which is likely to select against the extra instar especially in males, in which early eclosion is critical for mating success. In support of this, the frequency of the extra instar was significantly lower in males (7%) than in females (42%).Polymorphisms in three genes,serpin‐1,vitellin‐degrading protease precursorandphosphoglucose isomerase, which are known to influence development in insects, were associated with the occurrence of the extra instar.At the level of local populations, the frequency of the extra instar was higher in newly established populations than that in old local ones, possibly reflecting maternal effects, as new populations are often established by females with heavy investment in dispersal. The frequency of the extra instar in turn correlated with the change in population size over 1 year and the risk of local extinction in the natural metapopulation of the Glanville fritillary.Our results highlight the importance of the physiological condition of individuals in shaping subsequent life‐history events and even population dynamics.
Making it legal: Abortion providers' knowledge and use of abortion law in New South Wales and Queensland
Authors: de Costa Caroline , Douglas Heather , Black Kirsten 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesTo explore the knowledge of state abortion law of doctors providing abortion in New South Wales and Queensland, their attitudes towards this law, and their application of both knowledge and attitudes to their day‐to‐day practice of abortion.Design and participantsQualitative study using interviews of twenty‐two medical practitioners agreeing to participate and identified as providing surgical and/or medical abortions in NSW or Queensland. Specific questions about practice as well as responses to ten common clinical scenarios formed the basis of each interview.Main outcome measuresFamiliarity of participants with abortion law of their state, documentation of views on legality and probable availability of abortion in each scenario provided.ResultsAll participants were aware that abortion in their state is covered by criminal legislation, which they believe is out‐of‐date with current medical practice, in particular with regard to the diagnosis of serious fetal abnormality, and that there is limited case law to assist doctors in a defence to a charge of abortion. All were concerned about requirements to conform to state law when agreeing to provide abortion services to women, and about the possible constraints of these requirements on women's accessibility to abortion services.ConclusionsReview and reform of abortion laws in Queensland and NSW, as has occurred in other states and territories, has the potential to bring the law into conformity with current medical practice and to clarify the legal position of doctors providing abortion services, thereby providing an opportunity to improve women's accessibility to these services.
A novel standardized bone model for thermal evaluation of bone osteotomies with various irrigation methods
Authors: Strbac Georg D. , Giannis Katharina , Unger Ewald , Mittlböck Martina , Watzek Georg , Zechner Werner 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesBased on a novel standardized bovine specimen, the aim of this study was to investigate thermal effects of different irrigation methods during intermittent and graduated drilling.Material and methodsTemperature changes during implant osteotomies (n = 320) of 10 and 16 mm drilling depths with various irrigation methods were investigated on manufactured uniform bone samples providing homogenous cortical and cancellous areas and analogous thermal conductivity comparable to human bone. Automated sequences were performed with surgical twist drills of 2 mm ∅ and conical drills of 3.5, 4.3 and 5 mm ∅. Real‐time recording of temperature increase was done using two custom‐built multichannel thermoprobes with 14 temperature sensors at a predefined distance of 1 and 2 mm to the final osteotomy. The effects of drilling depth, drilling diameter and irrigation methods on temperature changes were investigated by a linear mixed model.ResultsUsing this uniform bone specimen, the greatest temperature rise was observed without any coolant supply with 29.87°C, followed by external with 28.47°C and then internal with 25.86°C and combined irrigation with 25.68°C. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.0156) between drill depths of 10 vs. 16 mm could be observed with all irrigation methods evaluated. With each of the irrigation methods, significantly higher temperature changes (P < 0.0001) during osteotomies could be observed between twist drills of 2 mm ∅ and conical drills of 3.5, 4.3 and 5 mm ∅. During 10 and 16 mm drilling osteotomies, external irrigation showed significantly higher temperatures (P < 0.05) for all conical drills compared with internal or combined irrigation, respectively. Significantly lower temperatures (P < 0.05) could be detected with internal or combined irrigation for the use of conical drills with various diameters and drilling depths.ConclusionsThis fully standardized bone model provides optimized comparability for the evaluation of bone osteotomies and resulting temperature changes. As regards the efficiency of the various irrigation methods, it could be demonstrated that internal and combined irrigation appears to be more beneficial than external irrigation.
Thermal analysis of the intact mandibular premolar: a finite element analysis
Authors: Oskui I. Z. , Ashtiani M. N. , Hashemi A. , Jafarzadeh H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo obtain temperature distribution data through human teeth focusing on the pulp‐dentine junction (PDJ).MethodologyA three‐dimensional tooth model was reconstructed using computer‐aided design software from computed tomographic images. Subsequently, temperature distribution was numerically determined through the tooth for three different heat loads. Loading type I was equivalent to a 60° C mouth temperature for 1 s. Loading type II started with a 60° C mouth temperature, decreasing linearly to 37° C over 10 s. Loading type III repeated the pattern of type II in three consecutive cycles, with a 5 s resting time between cycles.ResultsThe maximum temperatures of the pulp were 37.9° C, 39.0° C and 41.2° C for loading types I, II, and III, respectively. The largest temperature rise occurred with the cyclic loading, that is, type III.ConclusionFor the heat loads considered, the predicted peak temperatures at the PDJ were less than the reported temperature thresholds of irreversible pulpal damage.
Development of Whole-Virus Multiplex Luminex-Based Serological Assays for Diagnosis of Infections with Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8 Homologs in Macaques
Authors: Ryan Jonathan T. , Rose Timothy M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTKaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8 is a tumorigenic rhadinovirus that is associated with all forms of Kaposi's sarcoma. Current serological detection of KSHV is based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent or immunofluorescence assays that suffer from a variety of problems, including the lack of defined standards for test comparison. While KSHV is the only known human rhadinovirus, two lineages of KSHV-like rhadinoviruses are found in Old World primates: the RV1 lineage includes KSHV and retroperitoneal fibromatosis herpesvirus (RFHV) in macaques, and the RV2 lineage includes RRV and MneRV2 from different macaque species. To develop animal models of KSHV-associated diseases, we developed quantitative multiplex bead-based serological assays to detect antibodies against rhadinovirus antigens. Proteins from KSHV (RV1) and MneRV2 (RV2) virions were coupled to spectrally distinct fluorescent beads and used in Luminex flow cytometry-based assays to detect immune responses in macaques. Both assays showed large dynamic ranges with high levels of seroreactivity to both KSHV and MneRV2 proteins. A large set of macaque serum samples from the Washington National Primate Research Center was screened, and most of the samples (82%) were positive in both assays, consistent with the high level of RV1-RV2 coinfection detected by PCR. The macaque sera showed broad, variable, and unique serological responses to the different viral antigens, allowing an initial seroprevalence to be determined for the macaque viruses. The Luminex assays offer a novel multiplexed approach to assess rhadinovirus infection patterns in both humans and nonhuman primates. This will help advance our understanding of rhadinovirus biology and associated host immunological responses.
Trivalent Live Attenuated Influenza-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccines: Efficacy and Evolution of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Escape in Macaques
Authors: Reece Jeanette C. , Alcantara Sheilajen , Gooneratne Shayarana , Jegaskanda Sinthujan , Amaresena Thakshila , Fernandez Caroline S. , Laurie Karen , Hurt Aeron , O'Connor Shelby L. , Harris Max , Petravic Janka , Martyushev Alexey , Grimm Andrew , Davenport Miles P. , Stambas John , De Rose Robert , Kent Stephen J. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

There is an urgent need for a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine that induces robust mucosal immunity. CD8
+
cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) apply substantial antiviral pressure, but CTLs to individual epitopes select for immune escape variants in both HIV in humans and SIV in macaques. Inducing multiple simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CTLs may assist in controlling viremia. We vaccinated 10
Mane-A1
*
08401
+
female pigtail macaques with recombinant influenza viruses expressing three
Mane-A1
*
08401
-restricted SIV-specific CTL epitopes and subsequently challenged the animals, along with five controls, intravaginally with SIV
mac251
. Seroconversion to the influenza virus vector resulted and small, but detectable, SIV-specific CTL responses were induced. There was a boost in CTL responses after challenge but no protection from high-level viremia or CD4 depletion was observed. All three CTL epitopes underwent a coordinated pattern of immune escape during early SIV infection. CTL escape was more rapid in the vaccinees than in the controls at the more dominant CTL epitopes. Although CTL escape can incur a “fitness” cost to the virus, a putative compensatory mutation 20 amino acids upstream from an immunodominant Gag CTL epitope also evolved soon after the primary CTL escape mutation. We conclude that vaccines based only on CTL epitopes will likely be undermined by rapid evolution of both CTL escape and compensatory mutations. More potent and possibly broader immune responses may be required to protect pigtail macaques from SIV.
Primary myelofibrosis: 2013 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: January 2013

Disease overviewPrimary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by stem cell‐derived clonal myeloproliferation, abnormal cytokine expression, bone marrow fibrosis, anemia, splenomegaly, extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), constitutional symptoms, cachexia, leukemic progression, and shortened survival.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on bone marrow morphology. The presence of fibrosis,JAK2/MPLmutation, or +9/13q− cytogenetic abnormality is supportive but not essential for diagnosis. PrefibroticPMFmimics essential thrombocythemia in its presentation and the distinction is prognostically relevant. Differential diagnosis of myelofibrosis should include chronic myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and acute myeloid leukemia.Risk stratificationThe Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System‐plus (DIPSS‐plus) prognostic model forPMFcan be applied at any point during the disease course and uses eight independent predictors of inferior survival: age >65 years, hemoglobin <10 g/dL, leukocytes >25 × 109/L, circulating blasts ≥1%, constitutional symptoms, red cell transfusion dependency, platelet count <100 × 109/L, and unfavorable karyotype (i.e., complex karyotype or sole or two abnormalities that include +8, −7/7q−, i(17q), inv(3), −5/5q−, 12p−, or 11q23 rearrangement). The presence of 0, 1, “2 or 3,” and ≥4 adverse factors defines low, intermediate‐1, intermediate‐2, and high‐risk disease with median survivals of approximately 15.4, 6.5, 2.9, and 1.3 years, respectively. A >80% two‐year mortality is predicted by monosomal karyotype, inv(3)/i(17q) abnormalities, or any two of circulating blasts >9%, leukocytes ≥40 × 109/L or other unfavorable karyotype. Most recently, mutations involvingASXL1,SRSF2,EZH2, andIDH1/2or increased plasma IL‐2R, IL‐8, or serum‐free light chain levels have been shown to adversely affect survival.Risk‐adapted therapyObservation alone is adequate for asymptomatic low/intermediate‐1 risk disease. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is often considered for high risk disease. Conventional or experimental drug therapy is reasonable for symptomatic intermediate‐1 or intermediate‐2 risk disease; however,ASCTis an acceptable treatment option for such patients in the presence ofASXL1or other prognostically adverse mutations. Splenectomy and low‐dose radiotherapy are used for drug‐refractory splenomegaly. Radiotherapy is also used for the treatment of non‐hepatosplenicEMH,PMF‐associated pulmonary hypertension, and extremity bone pain. Am. J. Hematol. 88:141–150, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.