bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Strategic Engagement Framework for Nonprofits
Authors: Swanson Lee A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractQuantitative and qualitative analysis of research data collected over three years at a nonprofit public higher education institution and its community, along with a review of relevant literature, revealed the need for a new framework to guide economic and social value creation by utilizing the social capital held by nonprofit institutions. The study integrated research outcomes from the areas of social capital and institutional–stakeholder engagement to generate the new concept of strategic engagement management and a proposed Strategic Engagement Framework. This framework should help nonprofit organizations deploy their social capital for institutional and societal benefit by facilitating institutional–stakeholder collaboration. The study also tested the utility of implementing one component of the proposed framework: a structure for mapping, maintaining, and evaluating a portfolio of institutional engagement activities.
Pharmacokinetics of Oseltamivir and Oseltamivir Carboxylate in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Continuous Venovenous Hemodialysis and/or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Eyler Rachel F. , Heung Michael , Pleva Melissa , Sowinski Kevin M. , Park Pauline K. , Napolitano Lena M. , Mueller Bruce A. 
Published: December 2012

Study ObjectiveTo investigate oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients who were receiving continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD) and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).DesignProspective, open‐label, pharmacokinetic study.SettingIntensive care units of an academic medical center.PatientsThirteen critically ill patients aged 13 years or older with suspected or confirmed H1N1 influenza who had a prescription for oseltamivir and were concurrently receiving CVVHD and/or ECMO between October 2009 and January 2010.InterventionOseltamivir 150 mg was administered nasogastrically or nasoenterically every 12 hours. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours after administration of the fourth oseltamivir dose or subsequent doses. In patients receiving CVVHD, effluent also was collected at the same time points. Urine was collected throughout the 12‐hour dosing interval.Measurements and Main ResultsEight patients received CVVHD only, four patients received both CVVHD and ECMO, and one patient received ECMO only. Pharmacokinetic parameters for the patient who received only ECMO were not reported. The median maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve for the 12‐hour dosing interval (AUC0–12) for the remaining 12 patients were 83.4 ng/ml and 216 ng•hour/ml, respectively, for oseltamivir and 2000 ng/ml and 21,500 ng•hour/ml, respectively, for oseltamivir carboxylate. Mean clearance due to CVVHD was 33.8 ml/minute for oseltamivir and 50.2 ml/minute for oseltamivir carboxylate. For patients who received ECMO, no substantial differences between pre‐ and post‐ECMO oxygenator plasma concentrations were found for oseltamivir or oseltamivir carboxylate.ConclusionAlthough the optimal pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic targets for oseltamivir carboxylate remain unclear, in the patients receiving CVVHD with or without ECMO, a regimen of oseltamivir 150 mg every 12 hours yielded a median oseltamivir carboxylate AUC0–12 considerably higher than would be expected in non–critically ill patients receiving the same dosage regimen.
Influence of molecular weight on the phase behaviors of comb‐like polymers with long n‐alkyl side chains based on mesogen‐jacketed liquid crystalline polymers
Authors: Chen Sheng , Luo Hai‐bin , Xie He‐Lou , Zhang Hai‐Liang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA series of comb‐like polymers, poly{2,5‐bis[(4‐octadecyloxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl]‐styrenes{ (P‐OC18s) with different molecular weights (Mn) and low molecular weight distributions have been successfully synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization. The phase behaviors have been investigated by a combination of techniques including differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and temperature‐variable FTIR spectroscopy. One hand, phase behaviors of the alkyl tails were strongly influenced by the mesogens of polymers, leading to the poor packing of the alkyl tails and the low melting. The other hand, the liquid crystalline phase structures of polymers were found to be strongly Mn dependent. The samples with Mn ≤ 4.6 × 104 formed a smectic phase in low temperature and an isotropic phase in high temperature. The samples with Mn ≥ 5.2 × 104 displayed a reentrant isotropic phase, which was separating the smectic phase and columnar nematic phase. Meantime, the experiment results showed that the glass temperature and the transition temperature from smectic phase to isotropic phase both slightly increased with the increase of MnS; however, the transition temperature from isotropic phase to columnar phase sharply decreased with the MnS improved. The reappearance of isotropic phase is due to the competing between the driving force of the enthalpy and the driving force of the entropy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Synthesis, surface property, micellization and pH responsivity of fluorinated gradient copolymers
Authors: Chen Jie , Li Jin‐Jin , Luo Zheng‐Hong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this work, fluorinated nonamphiphilic gradient copolymers of tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA) and 2,2,3,3,4,4,4‐heptafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFBMA) [poly(tBA‐grad‐HFBMA)] were first synthesized by semibatch atom transfer radical copolymerization of tBA and HFBMA. Their hydrolysis at acidic conditions led to amphiphilic poly(acrylic acid‐grad‐HFBMA). The chemical compositions and structures of these copolymers were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. Their surface properties were evaluated with water contact angle measurement and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The micellization behaviors of amphiphilic copolymer were also studied by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The results showed that the fluorinated and amphiphilic gradient copolymers could self‐assemble in a dilute solution to form aggregates of morphologies. Furthermore, the effect of pH on the aggregates was investigated to verify that the resulting gradient copolymers were to some extent pH sensitive. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Poiseuille/squeeze flow‐induced crystallization in microinjection‐compression molded isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Guan Wei‐Sheng , Huang Han‐Xiong , Wang Bin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMicroinjection‐compression molding was used to fabricate isotactic polypropylene part with microscale thickness. The combined effect of shear (up to the order of 105 s−1) and elongational deformations imposed by the Poiseuille (injection stage) and squeeze (compression stage) flow resulted in pronounced flow‐induced crystallization under rapid quenching. Hierarchical crystalline morphology, characterized by two oriented layers, a transitional layer in between, and an isotropic core layer, was detected through the thickness in the upstream region initially filled in injection stage, whereas skin‐core morphology appeared in the downstream region filled in subsequent compression stage. Under the molding conditions imposing sufficient strain rates, predominant shish‐kebabs developed in the oriented layer. Furthermore, the oriented layer thicknesses, crystallinity, β‐form content, and melting behavior of molded parts, all of which were closely correlated with the calculated strain rates, as well as the location of inner oriented layer could be manipulated via varying the compression‐related parameters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Coaxial‐electrospinning as a new method to study confined crystallization of polymer
Authors: Luo Hongjun , Huang Yong , Wang Dongshan , Shi Jun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCoaxial‐electrospinning (ES) was used as a new method to fabricate one‐dimensional (1D) confinements for studying confined crystallization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). A series of core–sheath ultrafine fibers with PEG as the core and cellulose acetate as the sheath were obtained by coaxial ES. It was found that the uniform core–sheath ultrafine fibers could be fabricated and a (1D) confinement environment, a nanotube with a diameter from 68 to 860 nm, could be obtained by coaxial‐ES. When the confinement dimension decreased to be smaller than 120 nm in diameter, the melt temperature (Tm), the crystallization temperature (Tc), the crystallinity (Xm), and the crystal sizes of the PEG were much smaller than those of bulk PEG and when the nanotube was larger than 200 nm in diameter, the Tm, Tc, Xm, and the crystallite sizes of the PEG were close to those of bulk PEG, which suggested that the crystallization of the PEG was influenced by the confinement dimension. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Head and neck cancer and dysphagia; caring for carers
Authors: Patterson J. M. , Rapley T. , Carding P. N. , Wilson J. A. , McColl E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectivesA diagnosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) is a profound event for patients and family members who play a crucial role in their care. Eating and drinking difficulties affect patients' quality of life (QOL), but the impact on the carers' QOL has not been explored. This preliminary mixed method study reports on carer QOL over time and investigates the relationship with dysphagia.MethodsTwo hundred and eight HNC patients referred for (chemo)radiotherapy were asked to identify a carer and complete a health‐related QOL and a swallowing QOL questionnaire at pre‐treatment, 3 and 12 months post‐treatment. Carers were given the Caregiver QOL‐Cancer (CQOL‐C) questionnaire at the same time points. A purposive sample of patient and carer dyads was observed over mealtimes and interviewed.ResultsSeventy per cent of carers returned a questionnaire at least once. There was no change in CQOL‐C scores between pre‐treatment and 3  months, but a significant improvement was found between 3 and 12 months post‐treatment (p = 0.012). Patient‐reported outcomes accounted for 52% of variance in carer QOL measurements (R2 = 0.52, p < 0.001). Four themes emerged from the qualitative data food provision, monitoring, motivation and changes to lifestyle.ConclusionsFindings suggest a relationship between carer and patient QOL. Elsewhere, these two characteristics have been associated such that the greater the patients' physical care needs, the poorer the carers' and patients' QOL. Living with someone with dysphagia not only involves managing the physical swallowing difficulties but is also likely to impact on social activities such as participation in shared meals, leading to permanent lifestyle changes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Innovative einseitige Verankerung von Sandwichelementen
Authors: Ungermann Dieter , Lübke Sebastian 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDie Tragfähigkeit einseitiger Befestigungen von Sandwichelementen ist derzeit weder bauaufsichtlich geregelt noch existieren Berechnungsmodelle. Die Verankerung von Sandwichelementen oder die Einleitung äußerer Lasten an nur einem Deckblech wurde im Rahmen eines Forschungsvorhabens systematisch untersucht und weiterentwickelt. Im Ergebnis konnten die wesentlichen Phänomene bei einer einseitigen Lasteinleitung durch experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen aufgedeckt werden und mögliche Verankerungssysteme auf experimenteller Basis entwickelt werden.Innovative fastening of sandwich panels in one face sheet only. One sided fastenings of sandwich panels at one face sheet only are not yet covered by technical approvals. In the context of a research project possible fastening technologies for one face sheet only have been systematically examined und developed. As a result the main difficulties with such fastenings could be identified, based on experimental and numerical investigations, and possible fastening systems could be developed based on testing.
Bahn frei für die Architektur – Approximation von Freiform‐Flächen durch abwickelbare Streifen
Authors: Mehrtens Peter , Schmieder Markus 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBlickfang der zeitgenössischen Architektur ist seit mehreren Jahren die so genannte Freiform‐Architektur. Diese überzeugend zu planen ist viel mehr als eine Frage der Form – erst mit einer sauberen Fügung der Bauteile und einer konstruktionsbewussten Ausarbeitung der Einzelteile wird diese auch im Detail zum Erfolg. Im Idealfall sind der materialgerechten Formbarkeit durch innovative Technik fast keine Grenzen gesetzt.Rolling out of architectural design intent – Approximation of freeform surfaces by developable strips. For a number of years the eye catcher of contemporary architecture has been so called Freeform‐Architecture. To design such in a convincing manner, it takes far more than the mere shape – only when the composition of the whole and the parts takes place in a construction aware manner, the project will be successful. Ideally innovative technology can almost remove the geometric constraints when forming materials by appropriate processes.
Einfluss von Inhomogenitäten im Kernwerkstoff von Sandwichelementen auf die Tragfähigkeit
Authors: Hassinen Paavo , Misiek Thomas 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDer Einfluss typischer struktureller Imperfektionen und Inhomogenitäten im Schaumkern auf die elastische Bettung der Deckschichten eines Sandwichelementes wird vorgestellt und diskutiert. Hierzu wurden sowohl theoretische als auch numerische Untersuchungen herangezogen bzw. durchgeführt. Darauf basierend werden Erweiterungen für ein Bemessungsmodell für die Tragfähigkeitsermittlung abgeleitet. Das Bemessungsmodell sowie ein abschließendes Fazit werden präsentiert.Influence of structural imperfections and inhomogeneities of the core material of sandwich panels on load‐bearing capacity. The paper presents and discusses the effects of the typical structural imperfections and inhomogeneities of the core on the elastic foundation. Both theoretical and numerical investigations were done to study their effect on the elastic critical buckling stress and on the compressive strength of the plane cross‐section parts. Based on these investigations, extensions for the design model for the calculation of the load‐bearing capacity were derived. The model with conclusive remarks is given in the paper.
Photovoltaikelemente auf bestehenden Sandwichdachelementen – Einfaches Bemessungskonzept für Punktlasten
Authors: Naujoks Bernd , Zapfe Cedrik 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEs werden zunehmend Photovoltaikelemente auf Sandwich‐Dachelementen installiert. Diese zusätzlichen Punktlasten sind durch die geltende Norm EN 14509 nicht abgedeckt. Deshalb besteht ein großer Bedarf nach einem einheitlichen Bemessungskonzept. Basierend auf Versuchsreihen wird ein Vorschlag für ein einfaches Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Lastverteilung und Spannungen im Sandwichelement mit profilierter äußerer Deckschicht vorgestellt und zu beachtende Konstruktionsdetails beschrieben.Installation of photovoltaic‐elements on sandwich roof panels ‐ Construction details and design model. A large number of photovoltaic modules have been subsequently mounted on existing roofs and new structures for several years. Point loads are not covered by the existing standard EN 14509. For this reason, there is a great need for a basic design concept that is covered by a simple, documented model and test series. Construction details will be shown also.
Robust hard decision combination scheme based on Kullback–Leibler divergence for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio
Authors: Vu‐Van Hiep , Koo Insoo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCognitive radio (CR) network is a new, emerging research area because it has the ability to improve spectrum utilization by detecting and using vacant channels that are unused by licensed users. Reliable detection of the licensed user signal is a prerequisite for CR network to avoid interference to the licensed user. Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is able to offer better sensing performance in comparison with individual sensing. However, CSS is vulnerable to attack from malicious users who falsify sensing data. In this paper, we propose a robust hard decision combination rule based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence (KL divergence) for CSS. The proposed scheme can achieve sensing performance similar to that of the optimal hard decision combination rule, the Chair–Varshney rule, while not requiring information on the signal‐to‐noise ratio. Furthermore, the proposed scheme can provide secure CSS against some common types of malicious users without any user identification step. Our simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The evolution of learning communities: A retrospective
Authors: Matthews Roberta S. , Smith Barbara Leigh , MacGregor Jean 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn 1990, the current authors with Faith Gabelnick authored their first book about learning community initiatives, which has gone on to become one of the most widely cited volumes in the New Directions for Teaching and Learning series. In this chapter, they reflect on the developments and evolution of learning communities since that time, including their reflections on each chapter from the present volume.
RNAs of the human chromosome 15q11‐q13 imprinted region
Authors: Chamberlain Stormy J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe human chromosome 15q11‐q13 region hosts a wide variety of coding and noncoding RNAs, and is also the site of nearly every imaginable type of RNA processing. To deepen the intrigue, the transcripts in the human chromosome 15q11‐q13 region are subject to regulation by genomic imprinting, and some of these transcripts are imprinted in a tissue‐specific manner. As the region is critically important for three human neurogenetic disorders, Angelman syndrome, Prader‐Willi syndrome, and 15q duplication syndrome, there is intense interest in understanding the types of RNA and RNA processing that occurs among the imprinted genes. This review summarizes what is known about the various RNAs within the imprinted domain, including a novel type of RNA that was only very recently identified. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:155–166. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1150This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
One‐Stage Hepatectomy Following Portal Vein Embolization for Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Authors: Yamashita Suguru , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Takahashi Michiro , Inoue Yosuke , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Aoki Taku , Sugawara Yasuhiko , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundAlthough portal vein embolization (PVE) has been applied for surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM), the clinical usefulness of liver surgery following PVE for CLM remains unknown.MethodsA total of 115 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Among them, 49 underwent one‐stage hepatectomy following PVE (PVE group). The remaining 66 patients underwent at least hemihepatectomy without PVE (non‐PVE group). This analysis compared the short‐ and long‐term outcomes between the PVE and non‐PVE groups.ResultsThere were no deaths in either group. Using the Clavien–Dindo classification, the rates of postoperative morbidity ≥ grade 1 were 34.7 % in the PVE group and 25.0 % in the non‐PVE group (p = 0.26). The 3‐year overall survival rates were 54.6 and 64.5 % in the PVE and non‐PVE groups, respectively (p = 0.89). The multivariate analysis the variable performance/nonperformance of PVE was not detected as an independent predictor of poor survival.ConclusionsOur one‐stage hepatectomy policy of using PVE provides acceptable morbidity and favorable long‐term outcomes.
Letters from the Soviet ‘Paradise’: The Image of Russia among the Western Armenian Diaspora
Authors: Shahnazarian Nona 
Published: December 2012

The paper deals with the complicated relationships between the Western Armenian Diaspora and Russians. These relations are mediated by the ambiguous attitude of Diaspora to the Eastern Armenians. The study examines two social contexts, the Soviet and Post-Soviet eras. To elaborate the topic the author draws from letters, jokes, and anecdotes taken from different kinds of international interlocutors, ranging from scholars to ordinary people. I argue that the image of Russia is constructed of intertwined discourses of negative and positive meanings. Positive discourses are based around the Russian-(Eastern) Armenians' cultural connections and Russian involvement to the political movement for recognition of the 1915–1923 Armenian Genocide, while negative ones are extracted from (1) the bitter experience of Armenian repatriates to Soviet Armenia (totalitarianism, political reprisals, and harsh social censorship), (2) the low standard of living in the USSR as well as (3) the idiosyncrasies of Russian/Eastern Armenian everyday life in post-Soviet times. So the stereotyped image of Russia is formed at least by three aspects of social life such as political, cultural, and routine. These types of exoticization/stereotyping engender some social distance between the Western Armenian Diaspora and Russians as well as between the Western Armenian Diaspora and post-Soviet Armenians. I conclude that nevertheless a litmus test for the Western Armenian Diaspora attitude to USSR/Russia is the latter's official position regarding the 1915–1923 Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire.
A unique seasonal pattern in dissolved elemental mercury in the South China Sea, a tropical and monsoon‐dominated marginal sea
Authors: Tseng C. M. , Lamborg C. H. , Hsu S. C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA unique seasonal pattern in dissolved elemental mercury (DEM) was observed in the tropical monsoon‐dominated South China Sea (SCS). The DEM concentration varied seasonally, with a high in summer of 160 ± 40 fM (net evasion 580 ± 120 pmol m−2 d−1, n = 4) and a low in winter of 60 ± 30 fM (net invasion −180 ± 110, n = 4) and showed a positive correlation with sea surface temperature (SST). The elevated DEM concentration in summer appears mainly abiologically driven. In winter, the SCS acts as a sink of atmosphere Hg0 as a result of low SST and high wind of the year, enhanced vertical mixing, and elevated atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury. Annually, the SCS serves as a source of Hg0 to the atmosphere of 300 ± 50 pmol m−2 d−1 (385 ± 64 kmol Hg yr−1, ~2.6% of global emission in ~1% of global ocean area), suggesting high regional Hg pollution impacts from the surrounding Mainland (mostly China).