bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Management of Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis Patients With Etanercept
Authors: Bourcier Marc , Papp Kim Alexander , Gulliver Wayne P. , Poulin Yves , Barber Kirk , Poulin-Costello Melanie , Shelton Jennifer 
Published: May 2015

Background: Currently, etanercept (ETN) safety and efficacy in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (PsO) has been reported up to 5 years. Objective: To present a case series of PsO patients receiving continuous ETN therapy for 7 or more years. Methods: Physicians collected data retrospectively from 52 patient charts from 5 centres across Canada. Results: Patients in this case series had PsO an average of 31.5 years. Nearly half of patients also had psoriatic arthritis (24/52). All patients demonstrated sustained improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and percentage of affected body surface area (BSA) following ETN treatment. Of the 52 patients, 33 have been receiving ETN for 10 years or more. Conclusion: The clinical experience described in this case series report suggests maintenance of ETN efficacy in PsO patients who receive therapy for 7 years or more and indicates that patients can be successfully managed with long-term ETN therapy.
Stress at Work: The Beliefs and Experiences of Police Superintendents
Authors: Bonnar Anthony J. 
Published: May 2015

Stress and stress-related illness are recognised as an occupational health hazard. There is an increasing number of police officers reporting mental illness as a result of stress at work. This represents a challenge for occupational health nurses working within the police and more importantly for police forces themselves. Previous research indicated that management style, and lack of consultation, communication and support were all causes of stress to police officers. The aim of this research is to describe the issues surrounding stress within a police force from the perspective of police superintendents. A small-scale qualitative study of police superintendents using semi-structured interviews was undertaken. The accuracy of transcriptions, themes extracted and the development of meaning statements were validated by the participants and expert academic validation (see Appendix 1). Several organisational issues relating to the causes of stress were described. Analysis of data taken from these interviews demonstrated acceptance or tolerance of management practices likely to cause stress. In particular participants also felt able to make judgments about the authenticity of felt stress expressed by subordinates. The participants also expressed a desire for their subordinates to have trust and confidence in them. The paradox of wishing to be trusted while also reserving the right to make valued judgments about authenticity of an individual's stress-related illness goes to the heart of police forces' management of stress at work. Several recommendations are made as to how police forces might address the problems of stress. In particular there is a need for an education initiative targeted at police managers as to how best to recognise and manage situations in which occupational stress is a factor.
Policing of Public Order in India
Authors: Verma Arvind 
Published: May 2015

Maintenance of order is a crucial function for the police, since development is possible only in an orderly society. In India, group violence and organised challenge to the established order are common phenomena and major areas of responsibility for the Indian police. The nation is besieged by social strife of every kind. Communal, economic, linguistic, caste, class and ethnic conflicts are a part of its social and political milieu. This paper examines the nature of order maintenance problems in the country, the socio-political reasons behind them and the ways in which the police are dealing with these. The paper describes some of the innovative measures that the Indian police have developed to deal with these frequently occurring problems. Future issues related to order maintenance in India are also discussed. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Sixth IPES Conference at Hydrabad, July 1999.
Quality and Innovation in the Vocational Education and Training of Dutch Police
Authors: Ijzerman Peter D. 
Published: May 2015

In the Netherlands, a fundamental change in police vocational training is being carried out. This change process is required to equip police officers in a better way for their duties in an increasingly complex society. This paper outlines the explicit contribution Dutch police training is making. First of all, the author makes some observations about important developments in Dutch society relevant to the role and position of the police, and the response given to these developments by the Dutch police. Secondly, he makes some general remarks about the need for professionalisation and on bridging the gap between police education and professional practice. After the introductory paragraphs, the main features of the new concept behind Dutch police training will be described. In conclusion, possible risks involved in the innovation process will be described and some attention will be paid to cultural aspects of the police and significant issues relating to the relationship of the police with the administrative and judicial systems.
Policing at the Crossroads: Changing Directions for the New Millennium
Authors: Walsh William F. 
Published: May 2015

Now is a period of reflection and transition as the last decade of this century draws to an end. Scholars argue that substantial forces are challenging current methods of working and organising and that restructuring is needed to prepare for the future. How then should police administrators prepare their organisations to respond to the challenges of the 21st century? This discussion employs historical and organisational evidence to analyse the critical milestones in the development of policing. It posits that policing has reached an important crossroads with organisational managers dividing their support between traditional or community/problem-solving operational models. It faces the challenge of selecting a pathway for the future. The demands of providing security and order in the emerging information age, with its global, economic order, far exceed present day policing methods. This discussion concludes with suggestions on how to prepare for the future. This paper was originally presented at the 1997 Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences meeting in Louisville, Kentucky.
Organisation Risk Management in UK Police Authorities: An Integrated Management Approach
Authors: Young Peter C. , Fone Martin 
Published: May 2015

Risk management is evolving into a broader, more general, management role in organisations. This emerging form, called organisation risk management (ORM), seeks to manage all organisation risks in an integrated, comprehensive and strategic manner. The public sector has been somewhat slow to adopt both this view and practice, but changing political, social and economic pressures are forcing public authorities to provide better services with increasingly limited resources; and these pressures, in turn, are heightening the awareness of the value in managing the cost of risk. This paper introduces and develops the ORM concept, and provides a specific application that is a critical issue for the modern police authority — employment risk. In discussing this employment risk, the paper offers both a method for analysing risks generally and a set of risk management principles that apply to the actual management of all organisational risks.
Operations and Accountability: The Role of Performance Indicators, Financial Devolution and Strategy in the Management of a Police Force
Authors: Collier Paul 
Published: May 2015

Management control systems have become a point of focus within the police service. This paper reviews the important roles of performance indicators (PIs) and devolved financial management in police control systems, using the example of one rural police force. Public sector concern with the pursuit of value for money has led to the domination of efficiency measures over effectiveness, leading to a conflict between those concerned with accountability and those concerned with operations. Operations supporters view PIs and devolved financial management as a ritual, for purposes of external legitimisation, rather than as part of a technical/rational management control system. This paper questions the usefulness of PIs as measures of operational police performance. It demonstrates a lack of internal consistency between PIs and devolved financial management and a lack of congruence between these aspects of accountability and operational policing. The role of management lies in attempting to integrate PIs and financial management with operational policing, given the certainty of a cash-limited budget and the uncertainty of demand for services. Improving police performance requires the coupling of operations and accountability and the development of shared meanings, something that may only be able to be achieved through the strategic planning process.
Endovascular Treatment for Extracranial Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Yun Eun-Joo , Yoon Dae-Young , Kim Bit-na , Min Kyung-Joon , Kim Bo-Yeon , Ku You-Jin 
Published: May 2015

Introduction: Bibliometric analysis is a quantitative method that can evaluate publications related to a specific topic. Methods: A PubMed database search was conducted from 2003 to 2012 using the search term “carotid” AND “stenos*” as a part of the title or abstract. Results: A total of 1590 articles were published in 329 different journals. A total of 751 (47.2%) publications were original articles, 1501 (94.4%) were written in English, 153 (9.6%) received funding, 584 (36.7%) were published by the United States, and 673 (42.3%) resulted from multidisciplinary collaboration. Of the original articles, 538 (71.6%) had retrospective design and 275 (36.6%) had sample size of <50. Vascular surgery departments produced the most articles (n = 339, 21.3%), followed by radiology (n = 270, 17.0%), cardiology (n = 260, 16.4%), neurosurgery (n = 198, 12.5%), and neurology (n = 196, 12.3%). Five major departments published only a small portion (5.1%-26.5%) of articles in their own specialty journals. Conclusion: The publication in journals across disciplines and multidisciplinary collaboration are 2 peculiar characteristics of research in this topic.
Clinical and angiographic outcomes of stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Ghinda Diana , dos Santos Marlise Peruzzo , Sabri Armin , Iancu Daniela , Lum Cheemun , Lesiuk Howard J 
Published: May 2015

Background Despite the increasing use of stent-assisted coiling (SAC), data on its long-term clinical and angiographic results are limited. Objective The objective of this article is to assess the long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes in SAC in our single-center practice. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of intracranial aneurysms treated with detachable coils during the period 2003–2012. Patients were divided into SAC and non-SAC groups and were analyzed for aneurysm occlusion, major recurrence and clinical outcome. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with clinical/angiographic outcomes ( p value <0.05 was statistically significant). Results A total of 516 procedures met inclusion criteria: Sixty-three (12.2%) patients underwent SAC, of whom 56 (89%) had an elective procedure whereas 286 (63.1%) aneurysms from the non-SAC group were ruptured. In the unruptured subcohort, baseline class I was achieved in 24 (38%, p = 0.91), and predischarge modified Rankin scale score (mRS) 0–2 was obtained in 96.4% of cases in the SAC group versus 90.4% in the non-stent group. The major recurrence was 9.5% versus 11.3% in the SAC and non-SAC group, respectively ( p = 0.003). At last clinical assessment, 98.2% of the patients from the unruptured SAC group had mRS 0–2 (mean follow-up, 58 months) versus 93.6% (mean follow-up, 56 months) in the unruptured non-SAC group ( p = 0.64). Periprocedural vasospasm was associated with long-term poor outcome in the unruptured SAC subcohort ( p = 0.0008). Conclusions SAC and non-SCA techniques show comparable safety and clinical outcome. The SAC technique significantly decreases retreatment rates. Periprocedural vasospasm resulting from vessel manipulation is associated with poor outcome in SAC of unruptured aneurysms.
The complications of laparoscopic renal surgery: A review of 10 years of audit data in the UK
Authors: Henderson John M , Fabricius Michael J , Fowler Sarah , Keeley Francis X , Dickinson Andrew 
Published: May 2015

Objective: To report the complications of laparoscopic renal surgery from the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) database over ten years. Patients and methods: All entries for laparoscopic renal surgery between 2002 and 2012 were included for analysis. Data was refined, collated and presented in graphical or tabular form. The primary outcome measures were intra-operative, post-operative and overall complications rates. Secondary outcome measures were length of stay, conversion to open surgery and operative time. Results: A total of 16,869 cases were included for analysis. The overall complication rate was 14.7%, with intra-operative complications reported for 3.5% of procedures and post-operative complications reported for 12.1% of procedures. The overall complication rate decreased throughout the audit period, from 16.6% in 2002 to 15.1% in 2012. The capture rate is estimated at 30% and the group of surgeons motivated to self-report may not be representative of the whole group. Comparison with other series is difficult due to a lack of a standardized reporting format. Conclusion: This is the largest surgeon-reported series of laparoscopic renal surgery to date. There is an inherent bias in self-reported data which limits the conclusions that can be drawn, although the safe introduction of this technique and the continuing improvement in complication rates are suggested.
Mesh for prolapse surgery: Why the fuss?
Authors: Rajshekhar Smita , Mukhopadhyay Sambit , Klinge Uwe 
Published: May 2015

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common gynaecological problem. Surgical techniques to repair prolapse have been constantly evolving to reduce the recurrence of prolapse and need for reoperation. Grafts made of synthetic and biological materials became popular in the last decade as they were intended to provide extra support to native tissue repairs. However, serious complications related to use of synthetic meshes have been reported and there is increasing medico-legal concern about mesh use in prolapse surgery. Some mesh products already have been withdrawn from the market and the FDA has introduced stricter surveillance of new and existing products. Large randomized studies comparing mesh with non-mesh procedures are lacking which creates uncertainty for the surgeon and their patients. The small cohorts of the RCTs available with short follow-up periods just allow the conclusion that the mesh repair can be helpful in the short to medium term but unfortunately are not able to prove safety for all patients. In particular, current clinical reports cannot define for which indication what material may be superior compared to non-mesh repair. Quality control through long-term individual and national mesh registries is needed to keep a record of all surgeons using mesh and all devices being used, monitoring their effectiveness and safety data. Meshes with better biocompatibility designed specifically for use in vaginal surgery may provide superior clinical results, where the reduction of complications may allow a wider range of indications.
AMC 048: modified CODOX-M/IVAC-rituximab is safe and effective for HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Noy Ariela , Lee Jeannette Y. , Cesarman Ethel , Ambinder Richard , Baiocchi Robert , Reid Erin , Ratner Lee , Wagner-Johnston Nina , Kaplan Lawrence 
Published: May 2015

Key Points
We report the first dedicated prospective study in HIV-Burkitt lymphoma demonstrating safety and efficacy in a multi-institutional setting. We offer a new therapeutic option by modifying an existing regimen and making it much less toxic.
SF3B1 mutation identifies a distinct subset of myelodysplastic syndrome with ring sideroblasts
Authors: Malcovati Luca , Karimi Mohsen , Papaemmanuil Elli , Ambaglio Ilaria , Jädersten Martin , Jansson Monika , Elena Chiara , Gallì Anna , Walldin Gunilla , Della Porta Matteo G. , Raaschou-Jensen Klas , Travaglino Erica , Kallenbach Klaus , Pietra Daniela , Ljungström Viktor , Conte Simona , Boveri Emanuela , Invernizzi Rosangela , Rosenquist Richard , Campbell Peter J. , Cazzola Mario , Hellström Lindberg Eva 
Published: May 2015

Key Points
In MDS with ring sideroblasts, SF3B1 mutation defines a homogeneous subgroup with isolated erythroid dysplasia and favorable prognosis. MDS with ring sideroblasts and wild-type SF3B1 is mainly characterized by multilineage dysplasia and unfavorable prognosis.
Sodium Channel Nav1.7 in Vascular Myocytes, Endothelium, and Innervating Axons in Human Skin
Authors: Rice Frank L , Albrecht Phillip J , Wymer James P , Black Joel A , Merkies Ingemar SJ , Faber Catharina G , Waxman Stephen G 
Published: May 2015

Background The skin is a morphologically complex organ that serves multiple complementary functions, including an important role in thermoregulation, which is mediated by a rich vasculature that is innervated by sympathetic and sensory endings. Two autosomal dominant disorders characterized by episodes of severe pain, inherited erythromelalgia (IEM) and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD) have been directly linked to mutations that enhance the function of sodium channel Nav1.7. Pain attacks are accompanied by reddening of the skin in both disorders. Nav1.7 is known to be expressed at relatively high levels within both dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and sympathetic ganglion neurons, and mutations that enhance the activity of Nav1.7 have been shown to have profound effects on the excitability of both cell-types, suggesting that dysfunction of sympathetic and/or sensory fibers, which release vasoactive peptides at skin vasculature, may contribute to skin reddening in IEM and PEPD. Results In the present study, we demonstrate that smooth muscle cells of cutaneous arterioles and arteriole-venule shunts (AVS) in the skin express sodium channel Nav1.7. Moreover, Nav1.7 is expressed by endothelial cells lining the arterioles and AVS and by sensory and sympathetic fibers innervating these vascular elements. Conclusions These observations suggest that the activity of mutant Nav1.7 channels in smooth muscle cells of skin vasculature and innervating sensory and sympathetic fibers contribute to the skin reddening and/or pain in IEM and PEPD.
The prevalence of clinically diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis and its clinical manifestations: a nationwide register study
Authors: Exarchou Sofia , Lindström Ulf , Askling Johan , Eriksson Jonas K , Forsblad-d’Elia Helena , Neovius Martin , Turesson Carl , Kristensen Lars Erik , Jacobsson Lennart TH 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Prevalence estimates of ankylosing spondylitis vary considerably, and there are few nationwide estimates. The present study aimed to describe the national prevalence of clinically diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis in Sweden, stratified according to age, sex, geographical, and socio-economic factors, and according to subgroups with ankylosing spondylitis-related clinical manifestations and pharmacological treatment.

Methods
All individuals diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis according to the World Health Organization International Classification of Disease codes, between 1967 and 2009, were identified from the National Patient Register. Data regarding disease manifestations, patient demographics, level of education, pharmacological treatment, and geographical region were retrieved from the National Patient Register and other national registers.

Results
A total of 11,030 cases with an ankylosing spondylitis diagnosis (alive, living in Sweden, and 16 to 64 years old in December 2009) were identified in the National Patient Register, giving a point prevalence of 0.18% in 2009. The prevalence was higher in northern Sweden, and lower in those with a higher level of education. Men had a higher prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (0.23% versus 0.14%, P < 0.001), a higher frequency of anterior uveitis (25.5% versus 20.0%, P < 0.001) and were more likely to receive tumor necrosis factor inhibitors than women (15.6% versus 11.8% in 2009, P < 0.001). Women were more likely than men to have peripheral arthritis (21.7% versus 15.3%, P < 0.001), psoriasis (8.0% versus 6.9%, P = 0.03), and treatment with oral corticosteroids (14.0% versus 10.4% in 2009, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
This nationwide, register-based study demonstrated a prevalence of clinically diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis of 0.18%. It revealed phenotypical and treatment differences between the sexes, as well as geographical and socio-economic differences in disease prevalence.
Lithium in drinking water and suicide mortality: Interplay with lithium prescriptions
Authors: Helbich Marco , Leitner Michael , Kapusta Nestor D. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundLittle is known about the effects of lithium intake through drinking water on suicide. This intake originates either from natural rock and soil elution and/or accumulation of lithium-based pharmaceuticals in ground water.AimsTo examine the interplay between natural lithium in drinking water, prescribed lithium-based pharmaceuticals and suicide in Austria.MethodSpatial Bayesian regressions for males, females and pooled suicide mortality rates were estimated.ResultsAlthough the expected inverse association between lithium levels in drinking water and suicide mortality was confirmed for males and for total suicide rates, the relationship for females was not significant. The models do not indicate that lithium from prescriptions, assumed to accumulate in drinking water, is related to suicide risk patterns either as an individual effect or as a moderator of lithium levels in drinking water. Gender-specific differences in risk factors and local risk hot spots are confirmed.ConclusionsThe findings do not support the hypotheses that lithium prescriptions have measureable protective effects on suicide or that they interact with lithium in drinking water.
Evaluation of the foot and ankle outcome score in patients with osteoarthritis of the ankle
Authors: Mani S. B. , Do H. , Vulcano E. , Hogan M. V. , Lyman S. , Deland J. T. , Ellis S. J. 
Published: May 2015

The foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS) has been evaluated for many conditions of the foot and ankle. We evaluated its construct validity in 136 patients with osteoarthritis of the ankle, its content validity in 37 patients and its responsiveness in 39. Data were collected prospectively from the registry of patients at our institution. All FAOS subscales were rated relevant by patients. The Pain, Activities of Daily Living, and Quality of Life subscales showed good correlation with the Physical Component score of the Short-Form-12v2. All subscales except Symptoms were responsive to change after surgery. We concluded that the FAOS is a weak instrument for evaluating osteoarthritis of the ankle. However, some of the FAOS subscales have relative strengths that allow for its limited use while we continue to seek other satisfactory outcome instruments. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:662–7.