bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic digestion of microalgae: microbial response and recovery after organic loading disturbances
Authors: Walter Juline M. , Greses Silvia , Hagen Live H. , Schiml Valerie C. , Pope Phillip B. , González-Fernández Cristina , Arntzen Magnus Ø 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Industrial anaerobic digestion (AD) represents a relevant energy source beyond today’s fossil fuels, wherein organic matter is recycled to methane gas via an intricate and complex microbial food web. Despite its potential, anaerobic reactors often undergo process instability over time, which is frequently caused by substrate composition perturbations, making the system unreliable for stable energy production. To ensure the reliability of AD technologies, it is crucial to identify microbial and system responses to better understand the effect of such perturbations and ultimately detect signatures indicative of process failure. Here, we investigate the effect of the microalgal organic loading rate (OLR) on the fermentation product profile, microbiome dynamics, and disruption/recovery of major microbial metabolisms. Reactors subjected to low- and high-OLR disturbances were operated and monitored for fermentation products and biogas production over time, while microbial responses were investigated via 16S rRNA gene amplicon data, shotgun metagenomics, and metagenome-centric metaproteomics. Both low- and high-ORL fed systems encountered a sudden decline in methane production during OLR disturbances, followed by a recovery of the methanogenic activity within the microbiome. In the high-OLR disturbances, system failure triggered an upregulation of hydrolytic enzymes, an accumulation of fermentation products, and a shift in the methanogenic population from hydrogenotrophic to acetoclastic methanogens, with the latter being essential for recovery of the system after collapse.

IMPORTANCE
Anaerobic digestion (AD) with microalgae holds great potential for sustainable energy production, but process instability caused by substrate disturbances remains a significant barrier. This study highlights the importance of understanding the microbial dynamics and system responses during organic loading rate perturbations. By identifying key shifts in microbial populations and enzyme activity, particularly the transition from hydrogenotrophic to acetoclastic methanogens during recovery, this research provides critical insights for improving AD system stability and can contribute to optimizing microalgae-based AD processes for more reliable and efficient methane production.
Cataract surgery in the extremely small eye: morphology, comorbidities and outcomes in 300 eyes
Authors: Hammer Maximilian , Teich Lilly , Friedrich Maximilian , Reitemeyer Emanuel , Britz Leoni , Khoramnia Ramin , Yildirim Timur Mert , Auffarth Gerd U 
Published: February 2025

Background/aimsData on morphological characteristics and outcomes of extremely short eyes undergoing cataract surgery is sparse. Thus, an in-depth characterisation of eyes implanted with a high-power intraocular lens (IOL) (>30 dioptres) was performed.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study from January 2009 to October 2023, 300 eyes of 191 patients undergoing cataract surgery with extremely short axial length requiring the implantation of a high power IOL>30D were included. Eyes were categorised into the morphologies of nanophthalmos (N), relative anterior microphthalmos (RAM) and high or low/moderate hyperopia (HH and MH). Comorbidities, intraoperative and postoperative complications, preoperative and postoperative refraction and visual outcomes were investigated.ResultsMean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was +6±2.85 D. The mean axial length was 20.68±0.92 mm. 19.3%, 45.3%, 22.7% and 12.7% of the studied eyes were categorised as MH, HH, N and RAM, respectively. Amblyopia (14.7%), previous strabismus surgery (7.3%), glaucoma (12.7%) and previous iridotomy (9.4%) were prevalent. Postoperative SE was −0.42±1.56 D. Preoperative Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (CDVA) and postoperative Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity (UDVA) were not significantly different (0.34±0.39 Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) vs 0.47±0.38 logMAR, respectively, p=0.47), postoperative CDVA was slightly improved (0.28±0.31 logMAR, p=0.02). The narrow anterior chamber angle was significantly alleviated, posterior capsule rupture rates (3%) were within previously reported ranges.ConclusionsLens surgery is safe, improves the anterior chamber situation but is rather imprecise in extremely short eyes. Of all subtypes, nanophthalmic eyes showed compromised outcomes. Postoperative CDVA is only slightly improved to preoperative CDVA, while postoperative UDVA closely resembles preoperative CDVA. Surgery thus provides spectacle independence leading to good patient satisfaction.
Barriers and strategies to improve vaccine adverse events reporting: views from health workers and managers in Northern Ghana
Authors: Ansah Nana Akosua , Weibel Daniel , Chatio Samuel Tamti , Oladokun Samuel Tomilola , Duah Enyonam , Ansah Patrick , Oduro Abraham , Hollestelle Marieke , Sturkenboom Miriam 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe increasing incidence of novel vaccine-preventable diseases, such as COVID-19, has led to an increase in the development of vaccines globally. Vaccine hesitancy has risen due to fears of vaccines causing harm. African health systems have generally relied on spontaneous reporting of adverse events following immunisation (AEFIs) to monitor vaccine safety.ObjectivesThis study explored the views of healthcare professionals and managers regarding barriers and strategies to improve AEFI reporting in northern Ghana.MethodsThis study used a qualitative research design where in-depth interviews were conducted with health professionals and managers in five administrative regions in northern Ghana between March and August 2021. The purposive sampling method was used to select districts and participants. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded into themes using QSR NVivo V.12 software before thematic content analysis.ResultsThe study found that lack of feedback is the main regulatory-level factor affecting reporting adverse events. Health system-level factors, such as limited knowledge of reporting AEFIs, a lack of training, difficulties in using electronic application software to complete AEFI forms, and fear of punishment, significantly affect AEFI reporting. At the patient/community level, the main factors affecting AEFI reporting are the distance to health facilities and transportation costs. However, participants suggested continuous AEFI education, sensitisation of health workers and patients, timely feedback, and effective stakeholder collaboration among front-line health workers, health managers, and the national pharmacovigilance authority could improve AEFI reporting in Ghana.ConclusionsReporting of AEFIs contributes to improving vaccine safety, surveillance systems and prompt case management. However, the study identified multiple key factors at the regulatory, health system, and patient levels affecting AEFI reporting. Thus, improvements in line with these suggestions, including effective stakeholder engagement, are necessary to increase AEFI reporting.
Six early CPAP-usage behavioural patterns determine peak CPAP adherence and permit tailored intervention, in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Dielesen Julia , Ledwaba-Chapman Lesedi J , Kasetti Pragna , Husain Noori Fatima , Skinner Timothy C , Pengo Martino F , Whiteman Teresa , Asimakopoulou Koula , Merritt Simon , Jones David , Dickel Peter , Pulakal Siddiq , Ward Neil R , Pepperell Justin , Steier Joerg , Sathyapala S Amanda 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundHigh rates of non-adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in obstructive sleep apnoea hamper good clinical outcomes. Current recommendations assumes two behaviours (adherence and non-adherence) and days 7–90 follow-up post-CPAP initiation mitigates against non-adherence.ObjectivesTo investigate associations between early CPAP-usage behaviours and (1) CPAP adherence at month 3 of treatment and (2) sleep centres’ treatment pathways (the procedures patients undergo that may affect barriers or facilitators of CPAP adherence).MethodsWe conducted growth mixture modelling (GMM) on retrospective data from 1000 patients at 5 UK sleep centres. Night 1 to month 3 telemonitored CPAP-usage data were downloaded from 200 patients per centre who started CPAP in 2019 (100) or 2020 (100). Adherence was defined using accepted criteria (mean CPAP-usage ≥4 hours/night for ≥70% of nights).ResultsGMM identified six distinct CPAP-usage behaviour patterns over month 1. In four (54% of patients), CPAP-usage increased or decreased, in two (remaining 46%), CPAP-usage/non-usage was consistent. 62% of the cohort were non-adherent by month 3, despite pathways following current recommendations. 98% of patients who were non-adherent by month 3 were already non-adherent by month 1. Regression analysis with a separate dataset demonstrated that early CPAP-usage behaviour explained 86% of the variance in CPAP non-adherence at month 3.ConclusionsThese data, supported by previous work, indicate that recommended day 30–90 follow-up is too late to prevent CPAP non-adherence. Determining CPAP-usage behavioural pattern in week 2 identifies risk of CPAP non-adherence at month 3 and permits the possibility of tailored interventions.
Do heavy monopoles hide from us?
Authors: Fanchiotti Huner , García Canal C. A. , Vento Vicente 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dirac demonstrated that the existence of a single magnetic monopole in the universe could explain the discrete nature of electric charge. Magnetic monopoles naturally arise in most grand unified theories. However, the extensive experimental searches conducted thus far have not been successful. Here, we propose a mechanism in which magnetic monopoles bind deeply with neutral states, effectively hiding some of the properties of free monopoles. We explore various scenarios for these systems and analyze their detectability. In particular, one scenario is especially interesting, as it predicts a light state—an analog of an electron but with magnetic charge instead of electric charge—which we refer to as a magnetron.
Transfer of Inhomogeneous Reaction to Counter Electrode Analyzed by X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Imaging
Authors: Katayama Misaki , Kato Kazuo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ensuring the safe and efficient use of lithium-ion batteries requires understanding the heterogeneous reaction distributions at the electrodes. This study investigates the effect of inhomogeneous reaction distributions on the counter electrode during charge and discharge cycles. Batteries with LiFePO4 and LiCoO2 electrodes facing each other were analyzed using two-dimensional X-ray absorption fine structure imaging at the Fe K and Co K absorption edges to monitor the in-plane reaction distribution. Our results show that an inhomogeneous reaction pattern at the LiFePO4 electrode, generated during the pretreatment process, significantly influenced the electrochemical reaction at the LiCoO2 electrode. Specifically, the reaction distribution at LiFePO4 induced localized variations at the LiCoO2 electrode, affecting the overall reaction behavior. Additionally, regions of the LiFePO4 electrode that had initially remained unreacted showed partial reaction due to the broad reaction distribution at the LiCoO2 electrode, leading to a complex interaction between the reaction patterns at both electrodes throughout the cycle. These findings provide new insights into the coupling of reactions at both electrodes and underscore the importance of understanding inhomogeneous reaction distributions for optimizing lithium-ion battery performance and safety.
2025 ACC/AHA/ACEP/NAEMSP/SCAI Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Rao Sunil V. , O’Donoghue Michelle L. , Ruel Marc , Rab Tanveer , Tamis-Holland Jaqueline E. , Alexander John H. , Baber Usman , Baker Heather , Cohen Mauricio G. , Cruz-Ruiz Mercedes , Davis Leslie L. , de Lemos James A. , DeWald Tracy A. , Elgendy Islam Y. , Feldman Dmitriy N. , Goyal Abhinav , Isiadinso Ijeoma , Menon Venu , Morrow David A. , Mukherjee Debabrata , Platz Elke , Promes Susan B. , Sandner Sigrid , Sandoval Yader , Schunder Rachel , Shah Binita , Stopyra Jason P. , Talbot Amy W. , Taub Pam R. , Williams Marlene S. 
Published: February 2025

Aim:
The “2025 ACC/AHA/ACEP/NAEMSP/SCAI Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes” incorporates new evidence since the “2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction” and the corresponding “2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes” and the “2015 ACC/AHA/SCAI Focused Update on Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.” The “2025 ACC/AHA/ACEP/NAEMSP/SCAI Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes” and the “2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization” retire and replace, respectively, the “2016 ACC/AHA Guideline Focused Update on Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.”

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted from July 2023 to April 2024. Clinical studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and other evidence conducted on human participants were identified that were published in English from MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline.

Structure:
Many recommendations from previously published guidelines have been updated with new evidence, and new recommendations have been created when supported by published data.
Quantifying the uncertainty in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model under sea breeze and low-level jet conditions in the New York Bight: Importance to offshore wind energy
Authors: McCabe Elizabeth J. , Freedman Jeffrey M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As development of offshore wind energy continues in the New York Bight (NYB; defined as the region of ocean waters south of Long Island and east of New Jersey), understanding mesoscale circulations such as the sea breeze and accompanying low-level jet (LLJ) is increasingly important. With offshore wind turbines continuing to increase in size and hub heights extending up to 150 m or more above the ocean surface, there is a need for long-term atmospheric measurements within the rotor plane. Limited access to publicly available and long-term wind profiles in the NYB make it necessary to rely on numerical weather prediction models to fully understand the dynamics of the offshore wind field. While models can provide a four-dimensional picture of the sea breeze circulation and extent of the LLJ (defined here as a wind speed maximum 150–300 m above the ocean surface), they exhibit poor performance in reproducing these features.
Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF), this study performs sensitivity analyses to determine the best configuration for reproducing the temporal and spatial dynamics of the NYB sea breeze and LLJ. We test seven planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes, two land surface schemes, sea surface temperature fields, and an urban surface physics parameterization to examine model performance and accuracy. Sensitivity analysis testing 18 different WRF configurations determines that the Mellor–Yamada–Janjić (MYJ) PBL scheme, combined with Noah land surface model and the urban parametrization turned off, is best suited to model these mesoscale summertime phenomena.
Perfectionism and Burnout in Parents of Visually Impaired Offspring: The Mediating Role of Parenting Conflict and Resilient Coping
Authors: Mousavi Seyyedeh Fatemeh , Dehshiri Gholamreza , Asghari Maryam , Parastanpoor Maryam 
Published: February 2025

Introduction Exhaustion due to parenting responsibilities, in parents who have children with visual impairments, is an issue that makes it necessary to pay attention to the corresponding risks of burnout, as well as the protective factors that can prevent such exhaustion in parents. This study aims to investigate the mediating roles of parenting conflict and resilient coping in the relationship between perfectionism and parental burnout in Iranian parents. Methods The study was conducted on 286 Iranian mothers ( Mage = 43.15) and 207 fathers ( Mage = 46.11). The selected individuals included parents who did not have children with visual impairments (35.5%) and those who had one or more children with visual impairments. They participated in an online survey with four measurement tools including the Brief Resilient Coping Scale, Parental Perfectionism Questionnaire, Parental Burnout Assessment, and Parent Problem Checklist. Results The results of structural equation modeling showed that the indirect effect of self-oriented perfectionism on parental burnout was significant through resilient coping and parenting conflict. Also, the gender of parents and the children's vision conditions do not play a moderating role in this model. In the examination of the role of demographic characteristics, the parents’ age and the number of caregivers emerged to be significantly associated with parental burnout in the parents of visually impaired offspring. Discussion For parents of visually impaired children, it is necessary to pay attention to the ways of promoting adaptation to caregiving problems, such as co-parenting and resilient coping strategies. In the meantime, the adaptive role of self-oriented perfectionism is significant for creating a sense of conscientiousness and internal motivation for more parental care. Implications for Practitioners Considering perfectionism in the context of culture, using the capacity for responsibility hidden in self-oriented perfectionism to reduce parental conflicts and increase resilience in dealing with parenting challenges can be effective during therapeutic interventions with burned-out parents.
Evaluating large language models as a supplementary patient information resource on antimalarial use in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Munguía-Realpozo Pamela , Mendoza-Pinto Claudia , Etchegaray-Morales Ivet , Ramírez-Lara Edith , Solis-Poblano Juan Carlos , Méndez-Martínez Socorro , Serrano Vertiz Laura , Ayón-Aguilar Jorge 
Published: February 2025

Objective To assess the accuracy, completeness, and reproducibility of Large Language Models (LLMs) (Copilot, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4) on antimalarial use in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Materials and Methods We utilized 13 questions derived from patient surveys and common inquiries from the National Health Service. Two independent rheumatologists assessed responses from the LLMs using predefined Likert scales for accuracy, completeness, and reproducibility. Results The GPT models and Copilot achieved high scores in accuracy. However, the completeness of outputs was rated at 38.5%, 55.9%, and 92.3% for Copilot, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4. When questions related to “mechanism of action” and “lifestyle”, were analyzed for completeness ( n = 8), ChatGPT-4 scored significantly higher (100%) compared to Copilot (37.5%). In contrast, questions related to “side-effects” ( n = 5) scored higher for ChatGPT models than Copilot, and the differences were not statistically significant. All three LLMs demonstrated high reproducibility, with rates ranging from 84.6% to 92.3%. Conclusions Advanced LLMs like GPT -4 offer significant promise in enhancing patients’ understanding of antimalarial therapy in SLE. Although chatbots’ capability can potentially bridge the information gap patients face, the performance and limitations of such tools need further exploration to optimize their use in clinical settings.
Severe coxsackie virus B5 encephalitis mimics autoimmune limbic encephalitis in a young woman under long-term B-cell depletion with ocrelizumab: A case report
Authors: Stögbauer Jakob , Schegerer Victoria , Berger Fabian K , Schulz-Schaeffer Walter , Fassbender Klaus , Naumann Jasmin , Smola Sigrun , Eisenbeis Janina , Bewarder Moritz , Rosar Florian , Kettner Michael , Gilcher Thomas , Diedrich Sabine , Fousse Mathias 
Published: February 2025

Background: B-cell-depleting therapies are increasingly being used to treat autoimmune diseases. Although thousands of patients are and have been treated with these agents, the data are not yet strong enough to identify rare side effects with certainty. Methods: We report the case of a patient undergoing ocrelizumab therapy for relapsing multiple sclerosis who developed a severe limbic syndrome. Results: Autoimmune pathogenesis was initially suspected, with worsening on immunosuppressive therapy. Later, after diagnosis of an enterovirus infection, treatment with ribavirin and favipiravir in combination with intravenous immunoglobulins was initiated. After 4 weeks of therapy, the patient’s clinical condition had stabilized with residual cognitive deficits. Conclusion: Diagnosis and treatment of enterovirus infections remain challenging, especially in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.
Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure in normotensive individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised trial
Authors: Targa Adriano D. S. , Torres Gerard , Benítez Iván D. , Henríquez-Beltrán Mario , Vaca Rafaela , Pascual Arnó Lidia , Minguez Olga , Aguilà Maria , Martínez Dolores , Pinilla Lucía , Galan Gonzalez Anna , Balsells Garriga Sergi , Sánchez-de-la-Torre Manuel , Barbé Ferran 
Published: February 2025

The use of continuous positive airway pressure prevents an increase in blood pressure in normotensive subjects with a dipping blood pressure pattern and severe obstructive sleep apnoea.Background: The effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on blood pressure (BP) in normotensive subjects, particularly among those with a dipping BP pattern, remain uncertain, raising questions about its indication for this group of patients. We assessed the impact of CPAP on BP in normotensive subjects with a dipping BP pattern and severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).Methods: Randomised, parallel, prospective, controlled trial. Inclusion criteria were an apnoea-hypopnea index ≥30 events/hour, mean 24-hour BP <130/80 mmHg, and daytime-to-nighttime BP reduction ≥10%. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either CPAP treatment or usual care for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) parameters from baseline to the three-month follow-up.Results: The 60 patients who completed the follow-up had a mean age of 52.2 years (sd10.8), and 40 of them (66.7%) were male. The intention-to-treat analysis showed no significant changes with CPAP, whereas the usual care group experienced increases in ABPM parameters. This resulted in a mean difference of −3.4 mmHg (95% CI: −6.124 to −0.676; p=0.015) in nighttime diastolic BP between the groups. The per-protocol analysis indicated significant differences between the CPAP and usual care groups for all primary endpoints, except for daytime systolic BP. For nighttime systolic BP, the difference was −6.052 mmHg (95% CI: −10.895 to −1.208; p=0.016).Conclusion: These findings suggest a protective effect of CPAP, highlighting the importance of CPAP prescription for this population to control potential increases in blood pressure and possibly prevent the onset of hypertension.