bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplified Preparation of Trialkylvinylsilanes via the Silyl‐Heck Reaction Utilizing a Second Generation Catalyst
Authors: McAtee Jesse R. , Krause Sarah B. , Watson Donald A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRecently we reported a second generation ligand, bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)(tert‐butyl)phosphine, for the preparation of allylsilanes using the silyl‐Heck reaction. We now show that this new ligand also provides superior reactivity in the preparation of vinylsilanes from styrene derivatives. For the first time, this new ligand provides exceptionally high yields of trialkylvinylsilanes using the widely available palladium pre‐catalyst, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) [Pd2(dba)3]. Finally, we demonstrate that this new catalyst system is able to form more highly decorated all‐carbon substituted vinylsilanes that have been shown to possess superior reactivity in oxidation and cross‐coupling reactions.magnified image
Sibling effects on nutritional status: Intersections of cooperation and competition across development
Authors: Helfrecht Courtney , Meehan Courtney L. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesExamination of sibling effects on nutritional status is complicated by siblings being both alloparents and resource competitors, as well as the extensive changes children undergo across development. To evaluate sibling nutritional effects with consideration of these opposing roles, we use an evolutionary framework rooted in human ontogeny and cooperative breeding.MethodsAnthropometric data were collected from 113 Ngandu horticulturalist children (birth‐<18 years old).We generated weight‐for‐age (WAZ), height‐for‐age (HAZ), and BMI‐for‐age (BMIZ) z‐scores. Nutritional status across developmental risk periods (<2.5, 2.5‐<5, 5‐<10, and ≥10 years) was assessed using one‐way ANOVAs. OLS regression was used to examine interactions between presence of siblings and risk periods.ResultsA considerable percentage of Ngandu children are suffering from stunting, underweight, or caloric deficiencies, but many fall within healthy ranges for WAZ (65%), HAZ (60%), and BMIZ (88%). Siblings have significant impacts on children's nutritional status, but their impacts vary by risk period. In general, older siblings (≥5 years old) have positive effects on their same‐aged siblings, while younger siblings (<5) negatively affect those between 2.5 and <10 years old.ConclusionsClosely aged siblings do not always represent competitors. In this ecocultural context, those aged ≥5 years old appear to cooperate to improve their siblings' nutritional status. By evaluating the effects of siblings during specific risk periods, we offer a strategy to untangle the intersections of cooperation and competition. Our results add to the growing body of evidence showing benefits to allocare and further demonstrate that even children target their assistance toward vulnerable periods in development. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:159–170, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential impact of consanguineous marriages on autosomal recessive diseases in Tunisia
Authors: Ben Halim Nizar , Hsouna Sana , Lasram Khaled , Rejeb Insaf , Walha Asma , Talmoudi Faten , Messai Habib , Sabrine Ben Brick Ahlem , Ouragini Houyem , Cherif Wafa , Nagara Majdi , Rhouma Faten Ben , Chouchene Ibtissem , Ouechtati Farah , Bouyacoub Yosra , Ben Rekaya Mariem , Messaoud Olfa , Ben Ammar Slim , El Matri Leila , Tebib Neji , Ben Dridi Marie F. , Mokni Mourad , Amouri Ahlem , Kefi Rym , Abdelhak Sonia 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesConsanguinity is common in Tunisia. However, little information exists on its impact on recessive disorders. In this study, we evaluate the impact of consanguineous marriages on the occurrence of some specific autosomal recessive disorders and consider how other factors, such as population substructure and mutation frequency, may be of equal importance in disease prevalence.MethodsConsanguinity profiles were retrospectively studied among 425 Tunisian patients suffering from autosomal recessive xeroderma pigmentosum, dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa, Gaucher disease, Fanconi anemia, glycogenosis type I, and ichthyosis, and compared to those of a healthy control sample.ResultsConsanguinity was observed in 341 cases (64.94%). Consanguinity rates per disease were 75.63, 63.64, 60.64, 61.29, 57.89, 73.33, and 51.28%, respectively. First‐cousin marriages were the most common form of consanguinity (48.94%) with the percentages of 55.46, 45.46, 47.87, 48.39, 45.61, 56.66, and 35.90%, respectively. A very high level of geographic endogamy was also observed (93.92%), with the values by disease ranging between 75.86 and 96.64%. We observed an overall excess risk associated to consanguinity of nearly sevenfold which was proportional to the number of affected siblings and the frequency of disease allele in the family. Consanguinity was significantly associated with the first five cited diseases (odds ratio = 24.41, 15.17, 7.5, 5.53, and 5.07, respectively). However, no meaningful effects were reported among the remaining diseases.ConclusionsThis study reveals a variation in the excess risk linked to consanguinity according to the type of disorder, suggesting the potential of cryptic population substructure to contribute to disease incidence in populations with complex social structure like Tunisia. It also emphasizes the role of other health and demographic aspects such as mutation frequency and reproductive replacement in diseases etiology. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:171–180, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent advances and migration issues in biodegradable polymers from renewable sources for food packaging
Authors: Scarfato Paola , Di Maio Luciano , Incarnato Loredana 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn recent years, consumer demand for environmental sustainability and legislative actions has pushed the plastic packaging industry toward biobased plastics. However, despite the advantages related to their ecofriendly nature, the commercial large‐scale application of biobased polymers as substitutes for conventional petroleum‐derived plastic as packaging materials have been limited up to this point because they show limitations in their processability and material properties performances, especially in terms of their diffusion‐barrier properties to small molecules; these are critical for food‐contact uses. The main strategies used to overcome these issues involve blending with other biopolymers and/or the addition of other substances, such as microfillers, nanofillers, and plasticizers. In this review, we report on the most recent advances and emerging technologies in food‐packaging applications that have potential commercial interest and are based on selected biodegradable polymers from renewable sources. Our particular focus is on issues related to food–packaging interactions and the possible consequent migration of substances. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42597.
Ultraviolet resistance modification of poly(p‐phenylene‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole) and poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) fibers with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
Authors: Mao Yahong , Zhou Wanli , Xu Jianjun 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTOcta‐ammonium chloride salt of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was synthesized by a hydrolysis reaction and introduced into poly(p‐phenylene‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole) (p‐POD) and poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) fibers by a finishing method to enhance the UV resistance. The effects of the POSS concentration, treatment temperature, and time on the tensile strength of the fibers were investigated. The surface morphology, mechanical properties, crystallinity, degree of orientation of fibers, and intrinsic viscosity of the polymer solution were characterized in detail. The results indicate that the tensile strength retention and intrinsic viscosity retention of the fibers treated with POSS were much higher than those of the untreated fibers after the same accelerated irradiation time; this demonstrated that this treatment method was feasible. We also found that the efficacy of the protection provided by POSS was more beneficial to p‐POD than PPTA because of the different structure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42643.
Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic water‐borne polycarbonate‐based polyurethane dispersions and cast films
Authors: Serkis Magdalena , Poręba Rafał , Hodan Jiří , Kredatusová Jana , Špírková Milena 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTStable water‐borne polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) were prepared from bifunctional aliphatic polycarbonate‐based macrodiol, 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (DMPA), 1,6‐diisocyanatohexane, 1,4‐butanediol (BD), and triethylamine. Water‐borne dispersion particles are thus solely formed from self‐assembled linear PU chains. Both PUDs and PUD‐based films were characterized with regards to the concentration of DMPA (ionic species content) and BD (hard‐segment content). Average particle size of PUDs decreased and their long‐term stability increased with increasing DMPA and decreasing BD concentration. Functional properties of cast films made from PUDs are substantially influenced by the character of the original colloidal particle dispersions. The swelling behavior of the films, their surface morphology, and mechanical properties are more influenced by DMPA than BD contents. At DMPA concentrations higher than 0.2 mmol g−1of the solid mass of polyurethane, distinct self‐organization of individual nanoparticles into fibril‐like structures was detected by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. PU films made from PUD containing high BD as well as high DMPA concentrations have the best utility properties namely sufficient tensile properties and a very low swelling ability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42672.
Nitrite Oxidation with Copper–Cobalt Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes Doped Conducting Polymer PEDOT Composite
Authors: Wang Junjie , Xu Guiyun , Wang Wei , Xu Shenghao , Luo Xiliang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCopper–cobalt bimetal nanoparticles (Cu−Co) have been electrochemically prepared on glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs), which were electrodeposited with conducting polymer nanocomposites of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Owing to their good conductivity, high mechanical strength, and large surface area, the PEDOT/CNTs composites offered excellent substrates for the electrochemical deposition of Cu−Co nanoparticles. As a result of their nanostructure and the synergic effect between Cu and Co, the Cu−Co/PEDOT/CNTs composites exhibited significantly enhanced catalytic activity towards the electrochemical oxidation of nitrite. Under optimized conditions, the nanocomposite‐modified electrodes had a fast response time within 2 s and a linear range from 0.5 to 430 μm for the detection of nitrite, with a detection limit of 60 nm. Moreover, the Cu−Co/PEDOT/CNTs composites were highly stable, and the prepared nitrite sensors could retain more than 96 % of their initial response after 30 days.
How People with Low and High Graph Literacy Process Health Graphs: Evidence from Eye‐tracking
Authors: Okan Yasmina , Galesic Mirta , Garcia‐Retamero Rocio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGraphs facilitate the communication of important quantitative information, often serving as effective decision support tools. Yet, graphs are not equally useful for all individuals, as people differ substantially in their graph literacy—the ability to understand graphically presented information. Although some features of graphs can be interpreted using spatial‐to‐conceptual mappings that can be established by adults and children with no graphing experience (e.g., “higher bars equal larger quantities”), other features are linked to arbitrary graph conventions (e.g., axes labels and scales). In two experiments, we examined differences in the processes underlying the comprehension of graphs presenting medical information in individuals with low and high graph literacy. Participants' eye movements were recorded while they interpreted graphs in which information in conventional features was incongruent with that conveyed by spatial features. Results revealed that participants with low graph literacy more often relied on misleading spatial‐to‐conceptual mappings and misinterpreted the data depicted. Higher graph literacy was often associated with more time spent viewing the conventional features containing essential information for accurate interpretations. This suggests that individuals with high graph literacy are better able to identify the task‐relevant information in graphs, and thus attend to the relevant features to a larger extent. Theoretical, methodological, and prescriptive implications for customization of decision‐support systems are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poor sleep during the periconceptional period increases risk for neural tube defects in offspring
Authors: Li Zhiwen , Zhang Le , Jin Lei , Ye Rongwei , Raynes‐Greenow Camille , Ren Aiguo 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundPoor sleep has been studied in relation to various diseases. Few studies have investigated the effect of poor sleep on birth defects.MethodsWe examined the association of maternal poor sleep during periconceptional period and the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring based on a large case–control study in northern China. The subjects included 629 NTD cases and 858 normal controls investigated between 2002 and 2007. Maternal sleep status was collected by health workers within first week after delivery. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of NTDs in association with poor sleep.ResultsThe proportion of mothers with frequent poor sleep (≥4 days/week on average) was markedly higher in NTDs group (5.9%) than in control group (1.2%). In the multivariate analysis, frequent poor sleep was significantly associated with an increased risk of total NTDs (adjusted OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.9–8.8) and spina bifida subtype (adjusted OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 2.8–14.5). Frequent poor sleep showed a significant interaction with body mass index (BMI). Relative to women who reported poor sleep <4 days/week and with BMI < 24, frequent poor sleep showed a markedly higher increased risk of NTDs among overweight or obese women (adjusted OR, 11.8; 95% CI, 1.4–97.6) than women with BMI < 24 (adjusted OR, 2.5; 95% CI,1.1–5.9).ConclusionMaternal frequent poor sleep during the periconceptional period may increase the risk for all NTDs and spina bifida. The association appears to be independent of some lifestyle factors that are closely associated with sleep quality. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:780–786, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of a Surface Area and a d‐Band Oxidation State on the Activity and Stability of RuOx Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kim Tae‐Jun , Park Shin‐Ae , Chang Seohyoung , Chun Ho‐hwan , Kim Yong‐Tae 
Published: July 2015

It is widely recognized that RuO2
is the best electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting in acidic media. In this study, we investigated the effect of a surface area and a d‐band oxidation state on the activity and the stability of RuO
x

electrocatalysts for OER. We synthesized RuO
x

thin film on glassy carbon electrode by the radio frequency magnetic sputtering and controlled the deposition temperature to vary the surface morphology and the electronic structure. In particular, we obtained a precise d‐band valence structure by using the synchrotron beam. A higher surface area and a more stable Ru4+ state were obtained at a lower deposition temperature owing to a smaller grain size and a lower oxidation state, respectively. As a result, the order of activity and stability is clearly consistent with that of surface area and stable Ru4+ state (RuO
x

> RuO
x
200 > RuO
x
400 > RuO
x
600). Hence, we suggest that the surface area and the Ru d‐band oxidation state should be carefully controlled in the synthesis process in order to enhance the activity and the stability of RuO
x

electrocatalysts for OER.
Identification and Antifeedant Activities of Limonoids from Azadirachta indica
Authors: Yan Yu‐Xin , Liu Jie‐Qing , Wang Hong‐Wei , Chen Jin‐Xiong , Chen Jian‐Chao , Chen Li , Zhou Lin , Qiu Ming‐Hua 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFour new limonoids, azadiraindins A–D (1–4, resp.), together with seven known analogs, were isolated from the MeOH extract of Azadirachta indica. The structures of 1–4 were elucidated by NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses, and the relative configuration of 1 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The compounds isolated in comparatively large amount were evaluated for their antifeedant activities against Plutella xylostella; the antifeedant rate of 10 was 90.6% and the corrected mortality of 8 was 79.2%.
Anthelmintic Effects of the Essential Oil of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgareMill., Apiaceae) against Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Wakabayashi Kamila A. L. , de Melo Nathalya I. , Aguiar Daniela P. , de Oliveira Pollyanna F. , Groppo Milton , da Silva Filho Ademar A. , Rodrigues Vanderlei , Cunha Wilson R. , Tavares Denise C. , Magalhães Lizandra G. , Crotti Antônio E. M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFoeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae), known as fennel, is a widespread aromatic herbaceous plant, and its essential oil is used as additive in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and perfume industries. The in vitro antischistosomal activity and cytotoxic effects against V79 cells of the essential oil of F. vulgare cultivated in southeastern Brazil (FV‐EO) was investigated. The FV‐EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. (E)‐Anethole (69.8%) and limonene (22.5%) were identified as the major constituents. Its anthelmintic activity against Schistosoma mansoni was evaluated at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 μg/ml, and it was found to be active against adult S. mansoni worms, although it was less effective than the positive control praziquantel (PZQ) in terms of separation of the coupled pairs, mortality, and decreased motor activity. However, FV‐EO elicited an interesting dose‐dependent reduction in the number of S. mansoni eggs. On their own, (E)‐anethole and the limonene enantiomers were much less effective than FV‐EO and PZQ. An XTT‐cytotoxicity‐based assay evidenced no FV‐EO cytotoxicity against V79 cells. In summary, FV‐EO displayed moderate in vitro schistosomicidal activity against adult S. mansoni worms, exerted remarkable inhibitory effects on the egg development, and was of low toxicity.
A Novel Jaspine BCeramide Hybrid Modulates Sphingolipid Metabolism
Authors: Garcia Virginie , Le Faouder Pauline , Dupuy Aude , Levade Thierry , Ballereau Stéphanie , Génisson Yves 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA new sphingolipid hybrid molecule was designed to assemble, within a tail‐to‐tail double‐chain structure, the ceramide hydrophilic moiety and the tetrahydrofuran pharmacophore of jaspine B, a natural product known to interfere with sphingolipid metabolism. This compound was prepared through acylation of sphingosine with a jaspine B derivative bearing a COOH group in the terminal position of the aliphatic backbone. This new hybrid molecule was evaluated for its capacities to affect melanoma cell viability and sphingolipid metabolism. While retaining the cytotoxicity of ceramide itself, this compound was shown to lower the sphingomyelin cellular levels and significantly enhance the production of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, thus representing a novel sphingolipid metabolism modulator.
Polygonifoliol, a New Tirucallane Triterpene from the Latex of the Seaside Sandmat Euphorbia polygonifolia
Authors: Giner José‐Luis , Schroeder Timothy N. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe genus Euphorbia contains over 2000 species which exhibit a considerable diversity of di‐ and triterpenes in their latex. The North American species Euphorbia polygonifolia is a low growing plant of Atlantic and Great Lake beaches. The composition of its free and esterified triterpene alcohols was determined by HPLC and 1H‐NMR analyses. An unreported triterpene alcohol was found as 2.6% and 10.3% of the free and esterified fractions, respectively. The structure of the new triterpene alcohol was determined using HMBC, and its configurational assignment was secured by acid‐catalyzed isomerization to isotirucallol. The new compound, polygonifoliol, was shown to be Δ12‐isotirucallol.
Pyrin–PSTPIP1 colocalises at the leading edge during cell migration
Authors: Akkaya‐Ulum Yeliz Z. , Balci‐Peynircioglu Banu , Purali Nuhan , Yilmaz Engin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA set of mutations in the MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) gene causes familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most common auto‐inflammatory disease. The gene encodes a protein named pyrin, which appears to play an important role in inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, pyrin, which is expressed in neutrophils, has been reported to interact with proline–serine–threonine phosphatase‐interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1) and actin proteins. However, the relations between pyrin and PSTPIP1 during the cell migration have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we constructed a cell migration assay method using HL‐60 cells. Pyrin–PSTPIP1 interactions were analysed by immunofluorescence staining in control, differentiated and differentiated‐stimulated HL‐60 cells. In stimulated cells, pyrin‐polymerised actin, PSTPIP1‐polymerised actin and pyrin–PSTPIP1 were found to be colocalised. Pyrin has been shown to be colocalised with actin and PSTPIP1 at the leading edge of the migrating cell. For the first time, PSTPIP1 was found to interact with dynamic actin and pyrin at the site of polarisation.
How do culture media influence in vitro perivascular cell behavior?
Authors: Huber Birgit , Volz Ann‐Cathrin , Kluger Petra Juliane 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPerivascular cells are multilineage cells located around the vessel wall and important for wall stabilization. In this study, we evaluated a stem cell media and a perivascular cell‐specific media for the culture of primary perivascular cells regarding their cell morphology, doubling time, stem cell properties, and expression of cell type‐specific markers. When the two cell culture media were compared to each other, perivascular cells cultured in the stem cell medium had a more elongated morphology and a faster doubling rate and cells cultured in the pericyte medium had a more typical morphology, with several filopodia, and a slower doubling rate. To evaluate stem cell properties, perivascular cells, CD146−cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were differentiated into the adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. It was seen that perivascular cells, as well as CD146−cells and MSCs, cultured in stem cell medium showed greater differentiation than cells cultured in pericyte‐specific medium. The expression of pericyte‐specific markers CD146, neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2), platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐β (PDGFR‐β), myosin, and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) could be found in both pericyte cultures, as well as to varying amounts in CD146−cells, MSCs, and endothelial cells. The here presented work shows that perivascular cells can adapt to their in vitro environment and cell culture conditions influence cell functionality, such as doubling rate or differentiation behavior. Pericyte‐specific markers were shown to be expressed also from cells other than perivascular cells. We can further conclude that CD146+perivascular cells are inhomogeneous cell population probably containing stem cell subpopulations, which are located perivascular around capillaries.