bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remodelling of supraspinal neuroglial network in neuropathic pain is featured by a reactive gliosis of the nociceptive amygdala
Authors: Marcello L. , Cavaliere C. , Colangelo A.M. , Bianco M.R. , Cirillo G. , Alberghina L. , Papa M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundMany brain areas participate to supraspinal control of nociception. In these regions, few studies have investigated the role of glial cells in supraspinal plasticity and the effect of 7‐day intrathecal nerve growth factor‐like (BB14®, Blueprint Biotech, Milano, Italy) treatment.MethodsIn male Sprague‐Dawley rats, we evaluated by immunohistochemistry the morphological and molecular rearrangement of neuroglial network occurring in several supraspinal brain regions involved in pain processing following spared nerve injury (SNI) of the sciatic nerve. In particular, the medial prefrontal cortex, the amygdala (Amy), the nucleus accumbens (Acb), the thalamus and the periaqueductal gray were analysed.ResultsDespite the modifications occurring in the dorsal horn of spinal cord following SNI, no significant changes in the Iba1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression were detected in all the analysed supraspinal regions, except for the Amy, showing a remarkable GFAP increase. Interestingly, neuropathic rats also displayed a significant increase of glial transporters (GTs) in all the supraspinal regions. Finally, the analysis of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGLUT1) and vesicular gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter (vGAT) expression revealed a significant enhancement of glutamatergic/GABAergic ratio in all selected brain regions of SNI animals, except for Acb. Both glial activation in the Amy and alteration of GTs and vGLUT/vGAT levels observed in neuropathic animals were largely reversed by BB14® treatment.ConclusionsAll together, these data strengthen the role of supraspinal neuroglial network plasticity in the establishment of neuropathic pain syndrome. The hallmark is represented by the divergence between glial reaction confined to Amy and the widespread changes in the GT distribution and glutamate/GABA ratio detected in the other supraspinal region.
“So What's It About? Your Book, I Mean?”
Authors: Heath Shirley Brice 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhile doubts surround relations between adolescents and books, Heath argues that today's adolescents seek out reading opportunities that develop and deepen their special interests. Wanting to know and do more than their parents, young people prize learning on their own time to advance skills, ways of knowing, and peer relationships. Doing so, they want to take every advantage that technologies give them. In doing so, they have to interpret numerous genres, visual images, and layered meanings. Based on three decades of research on the learning lives of working‐class families, Heath asserts the vital need for adults to learn about the special interests of today's adolescents and to develop with them joint projects and explorations of multiple sources of information both through the internet and in place‐based and face‐to‐face community resources such as museums and local experts.
Scaffolding: An Ongoing Process to Support Adolescent Writing Development
Authors: Benko Susanna L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe termscaffoldingis used widely in literacy instruction but often in broad or conflicting ways. Drawing on Wood, Bruner, and Ross's original theory of scaffolding and Langer and Applebee's theory of instructional scaffolding in English language arts, in this article, the author examines scaffolding in the context of secondary writing instruction. The author draws on seminal literature to frame scaffolding as a process that begins with selecting an appropriate task and is facilitated by the teacher's instructional decisions and demeanor. Then, the author provides examples from current research for each of these areas of the scaffolding process and concludes with recommendations for using scaffolding effectively in adolescent literacy instruction.
The Cafeteria as Contact Zone: Developing A Multicultural Perspective Through Multilingual and Multimodal Literacies
Authors: Kelly Courtney 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article describes the inaugural year of a cross‐cultural after‐school program that used a problem‐solving, project‐based pedagogy to promote meaningful interactions between immigrant middle school students and their urban, low‐income peers. The program relied on the students' local knowledge as they worked together to create social maps of their school and a multilingual video against gossip. These collaborations used local literacies to promote a multicultural perspective.
Measuring the Reader Self‐Perceptions of Adolescents: Introducing the RSPS2
Authors: Henk William A. , Marinak Barbara A. , Melnick Steven A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper introduces a new affective instrument for assessing the reader self‐perceptions of students in grades seven through ten. The Reader Self‐Perception Scale 2 (RSPS2) builds upon its predecessor, the RSPS, a tool that measures the reading efficacy beliefs of children in grades four through six. New items were created for the RSPS2 to reflect differences in the expectations for adolescent reading. The instrument was piloted on 488 students, revised, and then validates with an additional 2,542 students in the target grades. Factor analytic procedures revealed four factors emerging on the RSPS2. Items for Progress, Observational Comparison, Social Feedback, and Physiological States clustered as expected into scales with reliabilities ranging from .87 to .95. The article includes a description of the instrument, an explanation of its possible uses in assessment, instruction, and research, as well as directions for administration, scoring, and interpretation.
Open Up the Ceiling on the Common Core State Standards: Preparing Students for 21st‐Century Literacy—Now
Authors: Drew Sally Valentino 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Common Core State Standards Initiative is the latest effort to reform education through standards. This article examines how the Standards promise to prepare students for the changing world of the 21st century, yet do not consider the changing nature of literacy—especially the centrality of the Internet as a 21st century text, and online reading comprehension as a problem‐based experience. States and districts have begun to adopt and adjust the Common Core Standards as their own. This article seeks to inform teachers' understanding of the Common Core State Standards, so they can be active players in shaping literacy education based on the Standards.
Introduction: The dark and light sides of organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Spector Paul E. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThis is an introduction to a point/counterpoint exchange in Journal of Organizational Behavior on the negative versus positive sides of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Such behaviors go beyond the core tasks that individuals do on the job and are generally considered positive contributions that support organizations. Bolino, Klotz, Turnley, and Harvey cover the dark (negative) side of OCB, arguing that it can be performed for self‐serving motives and that it can have detrimental effects. They discuss the costs of performing OCB to the individuals who perform it, and potential negative consequences for organizations. Conversely, Spitzmuller and Van Dyne cover the light (positive) side, focusing on OCB as forms of either proactive or reactive helping behavior. Proactive helping is motivated by internal needs with the individual seeking out opportunities to engage in OCB. Reactive helping is an altruistic response to a perceived need by a colleague or the organization itself. Taken together, these two papers provide a comprehensive overview of the complex effects of OCB on actors who perform it and targets who receive it. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity of orographic precipitation enhancement to horizontal resolution in the operational Met Office Weather forecasts
Authors: Smith S. A. , Vosper S. B. , Field P. R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRain gauge observations show that when averaged over a large number of cases of frontal systems passing over the UK, strong orographic rain enhancement occurs on the lee slopes of the first hills encountered by the southwesterly flow in the warm sector. The operational forecasts using 1.5 km grid spacing produced realistic looking mean rainfall patterns over the Lake District and Wales, with an area‐averaged rain accumulation error of less than 2%. Model‐level rain rates increase with decreasing altitude consistent with the seeder‐feeder mechanism. Increasing the horizontal grid spacing in the operational weather forecast model decreases the amount of rain produced over the hills, thereby reducing forecast accuracy. The area‐averaged rain accumulations are 11–24% smaller than observed at 12 km grid spacing and 33–48% smaller than observed at 40 km grid spacing.In additional simulations of the 15 January 2011 case over the Lake District at 1.5 km grid spacing, replacing the orography with that used by the 12 and 40 km models reduced the area‐averaged rain accumulations by 10 and 23% respectively. These changes were due to reduced cloud water and ice mixing ratios over the lower hills resulting in slower increases in rain rate with decreasing altitude. It is demonstrated that neglecting the horizontal advection of falling rain drops results in too much rain falling on the windward slope and not enough falling on the lee slopes. Copyright © 2012 British Crown Copyright, the Met Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Stress history effects on 1‐D consolidation of soft soils: a rheological model
Authors: Ma Boning , Muhunthan Balasingam , Xie Xinyu 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYStress history plays an important role in controlling the consolidation behavior of soft clays, but few models exist that can provide quantitative estimate of its influence. In this paper, the Gibson–Lo rheological model is used to simulate the coupled processes of drainage and creep of soft soils that takes stress history into account. A hybrid combination of analytical and numerical methods is adopted to solve the governing equations of consolidation with the nonlinear rheological model. The methodology is applied to a saturated soft soil subjected to surface loading. The soil profile is separated into normally consolidated and overconsolidated layers by a boundary that is allowed to move. Comparisons of the model predictions and its simulations are used to evaluate the effects of stress history, model parameters, and loading pattern on consolidation behavior. It is shown that stress history influences the location of the moving boundary, variations of the profiles of excess pore water pressure dissipation, stress and deformation‐based average degrees of consolidation. Parametric studies conducted show that when soil is stiffer, the excess pore water pressure dissipates much more quickly, and thus the soil consolidates much faster especially at the early stages. The results also show that soil viscosity influences the deformation‐based average degree of consolidation at the latter stages. The consolidation process of soil layer under linear loading is shown to lag behind those under instantaneous loading: the longer the loading period is, the smaller the average degrees of consolidation are no matter how they are defined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 35‐Year Record of Solifluction in a Maritime Periglacial Environment
Authors: Ballantyne Colin K. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTEight segmented PVC columns (Rudberg pillars) inserted vertically in the treads of three vegetation‐covered (‘turf‐banked’) solifluction lobes at altitudes of 912–1031 m in the Fannich Mountains of NW Scotland were exhumed 35 years after insertion, and downslope displacement of each segment was measured to derive velocity profiles for each site. Data from these profiles yielded average surface velocities of 7.8–10.6 mm a‐1 (mean 8.8 mm a‐1), average volumetric velocities of 8.3–13.3 cm3 cm‐1 a‐1 (mean 10.5 cm3 cm‐1 a‐1) and maximum displacement depths of 290–445 mm (mean 390 mm). Measured volumetric velocities for these maritime periglacial sites are fairly similar to those recorded in high alpine environments, but markedly less than most reported rates for solifluction in areas of warm permafrost or deep seasonal freezing. Movement affects only the uppermost parts of individual lobes, and the measured volumetric velocities imply either very slow advance of lobe fronts (~ 0.7 mm a‐1) or slow thickening and steepening of stationary lobe risers. Velocity profiles decline approximately exponentially with depth over the depth range 50–400 mm, consistent with movement by frost creep alone or frost creep plus gelifluction. Comparison with measured rates of periglacial mass transport elsewhere on British mountains suggests (1) that, contrary to traditional views, surface velocities are similar to (and may exceed) those of ploughing boulders in the same area, and (2) that both surface velocities and volumetric velocities are markedly less than at unvegetated sites where needle ice creep is the dominant component of solifluction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A facile method to synthesise unique Si nanostructure materials by non‐through‐hole anodic alumina templating
Authors: Liang Ying , Wang Xiao Dan , Liu Ning , Huang Ju 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTA facile method was proposed to synthesise unique one‐dimensional Si quasi‐belt nanomaterials using non‐through‐hole anodic alumina membranes (AAMs) templating. Combined with the chemical vapor deposition technique, silane gas reacted with the AgNO3 solution within AAM pores. The morphology of the resulting Si nanomaterials was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman, and photoluminescence experiments. The results indicated the formation of quasi‐belt structures composed of small grains. The synthesis mechanism was also analysed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning From Picturebooks: Reading and Writing Multimodally in First Grade
Authors: Martens Prisca , Martens Ray , Doyle Michelle Hassay , Loomis Jenna , Aghalarov Stacy 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article shares the authors' work with first graders and how, through various reading, writing, and art experiences around picturebooks, the children learned to read and communicate through art along with written language. The work is grounded in multimodality theory and the belief that all modes (particularly art for the purposes of this article) are equally valid and significant ways of communicating meaning. The article provides examples of experiences with the picturebooks I Love My New Toy and Guji Guji of how the children came to understand the language of art. Insights from this work that are discussed include that young children can and do think and read multimodally, that understanding art as an equally valid mode of communication, along with written language, provides children with additional pathways through which to construct meaning, and that art is a valid language that needs to be valued and taught.
Guided Reading: The Romance and the Reality
Authors: Fountas Irene C. , Pinnell Gay Su 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe authors examine the growth and impact of guided reading, small group teaching for differentiated instruction in reading that was stimulated by their early publications. Many changes in literacy education have been observed as a result—almost as if educators had a “romance” with guided reading and leveled books. While changes have been positive, the “reality” is that there is much more work to be done to bring guided reading to its full potential for helping children become effective and joyful users of literacy. The authors call for a deeper understanding of the reading process and of the text characteristics of leveled books. They discuss misconceptions regarding fluency and describe the strategic use of assessment and the role of facilitative talk. Regarding guided reading instruction, we are at the end of the beginning and need to forge new understandings for the future.
Using Basal Readers: From Dutiful Fidelity to Intelligent Decision Making
Authors: Dewitz Peter , Jones Jennifer 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhen schools and teachers adopt core reading programs they can use them with fidelity or make intelligent decisions about the texts, lessons and components they select to use. The evidence suggests that these programs are not research‐based documents, but rather compromises between what the research suggests about effective reading instruction and what the market wants. Given these compromises and complexity of core reading programs teachers should make decisions about what texts their students will read, what skills and strategies they will teach, and what program components they will use. Teachers should have the prerogative to move students beyond the core program into the wider world of children's literature and informational books. The article outlines eight key decisions that teachers should make.
Gilding and pigments of Renaissance marble of Abatellis Palace: non‐invasive investigation by XRF spectrometry
Authors: Alberghina M. F. , Barraco R. , Brai M. , Pellegrino L. , Prestileo F. , Schiavone S. , Tranchina L. 
Published: November 2012

Most of the artworks constituting the collection of Renaissance statuary of Abatellis Palace in Palermo (Sicily) show evidence of colour layers and fragments of gold foil that probably once covered the whole marble surface. The restoration of some of these statues has allowed to carry out archaeometric studies about the painting technique and to highlight the original materials and inclusion present on the precious marbles by two famous Italian sculptors of the Renaissance, Francesco Laurana and Antonello Gagini. The measurements have been performed in situ through the integrated use of two non‐invasive techniques: visible fluorescence stimulated by ultraviolet light and X‐ray fluorescence. The ultraviolet‐induced fluorescence analysis has provided additional information on the conservation status of marble surfaces by differentiating the pictorial materials and highlighting the presence of gilding and pigment traces through their characteristic fluorescence response. The observation in ultraviolet light has been used as valuable guide for the identification of the significant points to be analysed by X‐ray fluorescence to characterise the original materials. X‐ray fluorescence measurements have cast light about their chemical composition and stratigraphical structure. Pictorial layers were identified: vermilion for red layers, blue pigment based on copper for blue layers and pure gold leaf for gilding layers.Principal component analysis of the data was capable of clustering the different painting materials, discriminating through their chemical content. The results represent an important scientific support both to the hypotheses about the original look of the artworks and to the resolution of restoration and conservation questions still open. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental trajectories of childhood obesity and risk behaviors in adolescence
Authors: Huang David Y.C. , Lanza H. Isabella , Wright‐Volel Kynna , Anglin M. Douglas 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTUsing group‐based trajectory modeling, this study examined 5156 adolescents from the child sample of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to identify developmental trajectories of obesity from ages 6–18 and evaluate associations of such trajectories with risk behaviors and psychosocial health in adolescence. Four distinctive obesity trajectories were identified: “Chronically Obese,” “Decreasing,” “Increasing,” and “Non‐obese.” Males were overrepresented in the Chronically Obese and Increasing groups; females were overrepresented in the Decreasing group. African‐Americans were overrepresented in the Chronically Obese, Increasing, and Decreasing groups; in contrast, Whites were overrepresented in the Non‐obese group. Obesity trajectories were not associated with greater trends in alcohol use, marijuana use, or delinquency, but Chronically Obese adolescents showed a greater increase in cigarette smoking over time compared to other trajectories. The Increasing trajectory, representing a transition into obesity status from childhood to adolescence, was associated with poorer psychosocial health compared to other trajectories.
Supply Chain Optimization for Pediatric Perioperative Departments
Authors: Davis Janice L. , Doyle Robert 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEconomic challenges compel pediatric perioperative departments to reduce nonlabor supply costs while maintaining the quality of patient care. Optimization of the supply chain introduces a framework for decision making that drives fiscally responsible decisions. The cost‐effective supply chain is driven by implementing a value analysis process for product selection, being mindful of product sourcing decisions to reduce supply expense, creating logistical efficiency that will eliminate redundant processes, and managing inventory to ensure product availability. The value analysis approach is an analytical methodology for product selection that involves product evaluation and recommendation based on consideration of clinical benefit, overall financial impact, and revenue implications.
Fetal and maternal leptin in pre‐gestational diabetic pregnancy
Authors: Higgins Mary F. , Russell Noirin M. , Brazil Derek P. , Firth Richard G. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare maternal and fetal leptin among women without diabetes, women with type 1 diabetes, and women with type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn a prospective study at the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, 40 women with type 1 diabetes, 10 with type 2 diabetes, and 30 without diabetes were enrolled between July 2006 and July 2008. Maternal (36‐week) and cord blood leptin was measured by enzyme‐linked immunoassay.ResultsNo difference was found in maternal leptin among the groups: without diabetes (mean, range): 325 pg/mL, 36–1492 pg/mL; type 1 diabetes: 343.2 pg/mL, 55.5–1108.2 pg/mL; type 2 diabetes: 202.2 pg/mL, 35.1–1553.3 pg/mL (P> 0.05). Leptin levels were higher among fetuses of women with type 1 (223 pg/mL, 25.7–810 pg/mL) and type 2 (447.2 pg/mL, 136.3–679 pg/mL) diabetes than among women without diabetes (80.3 pg/mL, 27.3–623.1 pg/mL;P< 0.05). The single significant predictor of fetal leptin for the whole cohort was maternal body mass index (BMI;r= 0.39,P= 0.01). Only third‐trimester glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was significantly related to fetal leptin after controlling for maternal BMI among women with diabetes (r= 0.28,P= 0.04).ConclusionFetuses of women with diabetes might have some degree of leptin resistance. This might be important in appetite regulation in extrauterine life.