bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHFR Promoter Methylation Indicates Poor Prognosis in Stage II Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cleven Arjen H.G. , Derks Sarah , Draht Muriel X.G. , Smits Kim M. , Melotte Veerle , Van Neste Leander , Tournier Benjamin , Jooste Valerie , Chapusot Caroline , Weijenberg Matty P. , Herman James G. , de Bruïne Adriaan P. , van Engeland Manon 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Data on the prognostic significance of promoter CpG island methylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) are conflicting, possibly due to associations between methylation and other factors affecting survival such as genetic alterations and use of adjuvant therapy. Here, we examine the prognostic impact of promoter methylation in patients with CRC treated with surgery alone in the context of microsatellite instability (MSI), BRAF and KRAS mutations.
Experimental Methods: One hundred and seventy-three CRCs were analyzed for promoter methylation of 19 tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes, the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), MSI, the exon 15 V600E BRAF mutation and KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations.
Results: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on methylation status of 19 genes revealed three subgroups: cluster 1 [CL1, 57% (98/173) of CRCs], cluster 2 [CL2, 25% (43/173) of CRCs], and cluster 3 [CL3, 18% (32/173) of CRCs]. CL3 had the highest methylation index (0.25, 0.49, and 0.69, respectively, P = &lt;0.01) and was strongly associated with CIMP (P &lt; 0.01). Subgroup analysis for tumor stage, MSI, and BRAF status showed no statistically significant differences in survival between CL1, CL2, and CL3 nor between CIMP and non-CIMP CRCs. Analyzing genes separately revealed that CHFR promoter methylation was associated with a poor prognosis in stage II, microsatellite stability (MSS), BRAF wild-type (WT) CRCs: multivariate Cox proportional HR = 3.89 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.58–9.60, P &lt; 0.01; n = 66] and HR = 2.11 (95% CI, 0.95–4.69, P = 0.068, n = 136) in a second independent population-based study.
Conclusions: CHFR promoter CpG island methylation, which is associated with MSI, also occurs frequently in MSS CRCs and is a promising prognostic marker in stage II, MSS, BRAF WT CRCs. Clin Cancer Res; 20(12); 3261–71. ©2014 AACR.
Impact of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score on the Success of Endovascular Reperfusion Therapy
Authors: Inoue Manabu , Olivot Jean-Marc , Labreuche Julien , Mlynash Michael , Tai Waimea , Albucher Jean-François , Meseguer Elena , Amarenco Pierre , Mazighi Mikael 
Published: June 2014

Background and Purpose—
In acute ischemic stroke patients treated by intravenous thrombolysis, a diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) is an independent factor of functional outcomes. Our aim was to assess the impact of pretreatment DWI-ASPECTS on outcomes after endovascular therapy, with a specific emphasis on recanalization.

Methods—
We analyzed data collected between April 2007 and March 2013 in a prospective clinical registry of acute ischemic stroke patients treated by endovascular approach. Every patient with a documented internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusion who underwent an acute DWI-MRI before treatment was eligible for this study. The primary outcome was a favorable outcome defined by modified Rankin Scale of 0 to 2 at 90 days.

Results—

Two hundred ten patients were included and median DWI-ASPECTS was 7 (interquartile range, 4–8). DWI-ASPECTS ≥5 was the optimal threshold to predict a favorable outcome (area under the curve=0.69; sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 38%). In a multivariate analysis including confounding variables, the adjusted odds ratio for favorable outcomes associated with a DWI-ASPECTS of ≥5 was 5.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.86–13.77;
P
=0.002). Nonetheless, the occurrence of a complete recanalization was associated with an increased rate of favorable outcomes in patients with DWI-ASPECTS under 5 (50% versus 3%,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
DWI-ASPECTS ≥5 seems to be the optimal threshold to predict favorable outcomes among patients undergoing endovascular reperfusion within 6 hours. Selected patients with a DWI-ASPECTS of <5 may still benefit when a complete reperfusion is achieved.
Features Predictive of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Hemorrhage
Authors: Sahlein Daniel H. , Mora Paloma , Becske Tibor , Huang Paul , Jafar Jafar J. , Connolly E. Sander , Nelson Peter K. 
Published: June 2014

Background and Purpose—
Although there is generally thought to be a 2% to 4% per annum rupture risk for brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs), there is no way to estimate risk for an individual patient.

Methods—
In this retrospective study, patients were eligible who had nidiform bAVMs and underwent detailed pretreatment diagnostic cerebral angiography at our medical center from 1996 to 2006. All patients had superselective microcatheter angiography, and films were reviewed for the purpose of this project. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, and angioarchitectural characteristics were analyzed. A univariate analysis was performed, and angioarchitectural features with potential physiological significance that showed at least a trend toward significance were added to a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results—
One hundred twenty-two bAVMs met criteria for study entry. bAVMs with single venous drainage anatomy were more likely to present with hemorrhage. In addition, patients with multiple draining veins and a venous stenosis reverted to a risk similar to those with 1 draining vein, whereas those with multiple draining veins and without stenosis had diminished association with hemorrhage presentation. Those bAVMs with associated aneurysms were more likely to present with hemorrhage. These findings were robust in both univariate and multivariate models.

Conclusions—
The results of this article lead to the first physiological, internally consistent model of individual bAVM hemorrhage risk, where 1 draining vein, venous stenosis, and associated aneurysms increase risk.
Sources of Atmospheric Moisture for the La Plata River Basin*
Authors: Martinez J. Alejandro , Dominguez Francina 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The La Plata River basin (LPRB) is the second largest basin of South America and extends over a highly populated and socioeconomically active region. In this study, the spatiotemporal variability of sources of moisture for the LPRB are quantified using an extended version of the Dynamic Recycling Model. Approximately 63% of mean annual precipitation over the LPRB comes from South America, including 23% from local LPRB sources and 20% from the southern Amazon. The remaining 37% comes mostly from the southern Pacific and tropical Atlantic Oceans. The LPRB depends largely on external sources during the dry winter season, when local evaporation reaches a minimum and moisture outflow increases. Variations in the transport of moisture from the Amazon to the LPRB depend more on variations of the atmospheric circulation than on evaporation, at both the monthly and daily time scale. In particular, weak atmospheric flow allows the accumulation of moisture over the Amazon basin, followed by an above-normal release of moisture downwind when the atmospheric flow strengthens again. Water vapor transport with these characteristics was observed for 20% of the days of the summer season during the 1980–2012 period, leading to higher-than-average convergence of moisture of terrestrial origin over the LPRB. During the positive (negative) phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), more (less) moisture from Amazonian evaporation reaches the LPRB. The Amazonian contribution to the LPRB is reduced (increased) during the positive (negative) phase of the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), when surface pressure over southern South America is above (below) normal.
Tropical Cyclone–Induced Thermocline Warming and Its Regional and Global Impacts
Authors: Bueti Michael R. , Ginis Isaac , Rothstein Lewis M. , Griffies Stephen M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractStrong surface winds of a hurricane locally cool the surface and warm the subsurface waters via turbulent mixing processes. While the surface cool anomalies generally decay in roughly a month, the warm subsurface anomalies can persist over a seasonal cycle. The authors examine questions related to the magnitude and cumulative footprint of subsurface warm anomalies forced by tropical cyclones during the combined global tropical cyclone seasons, making use of a global ocean model forced by tropical cyclones.Simulations of the 2004/05 tropical cyclone season are conducted with and without tropical cyclone wind forcing, blended with the daily Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference Experiments (COREs) atmospheric state. Physical characteristics of cyclone-forced surface and subsurface anomalies are elucidated. In particular, the spatial extent and magnitude of tropical cyclone–forced subsurface warm anomalies over the course of an entire season are examined. This analysis permits the estimation of the contribution of cyclone-induced anomalies to the ocean heat content and sea surface temperature, aiding in understanding anomalous meridional heat transport.Globally, there is a maximum accumulated heat uptake 4.1 × 1021 J, with the greatest regional contributions in the North Atlantic (1.7 × 1021 J), west Pacific (1.5 × 1021 J), and east Pacific (1.7 × 1021 J). An export of heat from the subtropics to the tropics via rapid advective pathways is found, most notably in the west Pacific. These warm anomalies tend to remain in the equatorial band, with potential implications for the tropical climate system.
Autonomous Surface Vehicle Measurements of the Ocean’s Response to Tropical Cyclone Freda
Authors: Lenain Luc , Melville W. Kendall 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
On 31 December 2012, an instrumented autonomous surface vehicle (ASV; Wave Glider) transiting across the Pacific from Hawaii to Australia as part of the Pacific Crossing (PacX) project came very close (46 km) to the center of a category 3 Tropical Cyclone (TC), Freda, experiencing winds of up to 37 and significant wave heights close to 10 m. The Wave Glider was instrumented for surface ocean–lower atmosphere (SOLA) measurements, including atmospheric pressure, surface winds and temperature, sea surface temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence (chlorophyll-a and turbidity), and surface-wave directional spectra. Such measurements in close proximity to a tropical cyclone are rare. This study presents novel observations of the ocean’s response in three quadrants of TC Freda, collected from the instrumented glider. Evolution of the wind, the directional wave field, the sea surface temperature, and the Stokes drift profile (calculated from the wave directional spectrum) as Freda passed near the vehicle are examined. Results are discussed in the context of the recent coupled wind-wave modeling and large eddy simulation (LES) modeling of the marine boundary layer in Hurricane Frances (Sullivan et al. 2012). Processes by which cold nutrient-rich waters are entrained and mixed from below into the mixed layer as the TC passes near the Wave Glider are presented and discussed. The results of this encounter of an autonomous surface vehicle with TC Freda supports the use of ASVs for regular TC (hurricane) monitoring to complement remote sensing and “hurricane hunter” aircraft missions.
Serum total bilirubin concentrations are inversely associated with total white blood cell counts in an adult population
Authors: Tsai Wan-Ni , Wang Ya-Yu , Liang Jiin-Tsae , Lin Shih-Yi , Sheu Wayne Huey-Herng , Chang Wen-Dau 
Published: June 2014

Background Several studies have shown that serum bilirubin has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease and that inflammation plays an important role in its pathogenesis. This cross-sectional study investigated whether there was an association between blood total white blood cell count, a simple indicator of inflammation, and serum total bilirubin concentration in a cohort of an adult population in Taiwan. Methods A total of 2458 apparently healthy adults (1246 men and 1212 women) who attended health examination at a medical centre in central Taiwan were enrolled. We collected anthropometric measurements, fasting blood test results, lifestyle habits and medical history. Results Total white blood cell counts decreased progressively when the concentrations of total bilirubin increased as demonstrated in the total bilirubin quartiles. Both total bilirubin concentrations and total white blood cell counts showed significant correlations with the components of metabolic syndrome, including triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that, for both genders, total bilirubin showed an independent negative correlation with total white blood cell count after adjusting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions Higher serum total bilirubin concentrations within the reference range were associated with lower blood total white blood cell counts, regardless of other classical cardiovascular risk factors.
Using Noninvasive Brain Stimulation to Accelerate Learning and Enhance Human Performance
Authors: Parasuraman Raja , McKinley Richard A. 
Published: June 2014

Objective: The authors evaluate the effectiveness of noninvasive brain stimulation, in particular, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), for accelerating learning and enhancing human performance on complex tasks. Background: Developing expertise in complex tasks typically requires extended training and practice. Neuroergonomics research has suggested new methods that can accelerate learning and boost human performance. TDCS is one such method. It involves the application of a weak DC current to the scalp and has the potential to modulate brain networks underlying the performance of a perceptual, cognitive, or motor task. Method: Examples of tDCS studies of declarative and procedural learning are discussed. This mini-review focuses on studies employing complex simulations representative of surveillance and security operations, intelligence analysis, and procedural learning in complex monitoring. Results: The evidence supports the view that tDCS can accelerate learning and enhance performance in a range of complex cognitive tasks. Initial findings also suggest that such benefits can be retained over time, but additional research is needed on training schedules and transfer of training. Conclusion: Noninvasive brain stimulation can accelerate skill acquisition in complex tasks and may provide an alternative or addition to other training methods.
Primary Tracheoesophageal Puncture with Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap after Total Laryngectomy or Laryngopharyngectomy
Authors: Sethi Rosh K. V. , Kozin Elliott D. , Lam Allen C. , Emerick Kevin S. , Deschler Daniel G. 
Published: June 2014

The supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) is increasingly employed for laryngectomy reconstruction with excellent success. Although tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) with intraoperative prosthesis placement is also positively reported, this is not described in patients following SCAIF. We review our experience with primary TEP with prosthesis placement and voice outcomes in patients after SCAIF reconstruction. Seven patients underwent SCAIF with primary TEP after laryngectomy from 2011 to 2013. Five underwent total laryngectomy (TL) and 2 underwent TL with partial pharyngectomy. All patients had 16 French Indwelling Blom‐Singer prostheses placed intraoperatively without complications. Six patients achieved tracheoesophageal voice (median time = 1.5 months). Two patients required cricopharyngeal segment Botox injections. One patient remained aphonic. One patient developed prosthesis leakage addressed with prosthesis replacement. Our preliminary data demonstrate that similar to free tissue transfer reconstruction, primary TEP with intraoperative placement of the voice prosthesis at the time of SCAIF reconstruction is safe and effective.
Palliative care development in Latin America: An analysis using macro indicators
Authors: Pastrana Tania , Torres-Vigil Isabel , De Lima Liliana 
Published: June 2014

Background: Recently, the Latin American Association for Palliative Care developed 10 indicators to monitor the development of palliative care and enhance the development of regional and national strategies. Aim: To compare the status of palliative care development across Latin American nations using the Latin American Association for Palliative Care indicators and to classify the countries into three levels of palliative care development. Methods: A secondary analysis using the following indicators (number of indicators in each category): Policy (1), Education (3), Service Provision (3), and Opioids (3). A Latin American Association for Palliative Care Index was constructed adding the standard score ( z-score) of each indicator. Setting/participants: Nineteen Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries of Latin America. Results: Indicators significantly associated with the number of palliative care services per million inhabitants included: the proportion of medical schools with palliative care at the undergraduate level ( p = 0.003), the number of accredited physicians working in palliative care ( p = 0.001), and opioids consumed per capita ( p = 0.032). According to the Latin American Association for Palliative Care Index, Costa Rica registered the highest score (8.1). Three ranking groups were built to measure palliative care development; Costa Rica, Chile, Mexico, and Argentina ranked in the high group, while Bolivia, Honduras, Dominican Republic, and Guatemala ranked in the lowest group. Conclusion: Most of the Latin American Association for Palliative Care indicators are useful for assessing national levels of palliative care development. These indicators may be applicable to other world regions. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the specificity of each indicator.
Henoch–Schönlein purpura in 535 Chinese children: clinical features and risk factors for renal involvement
Authors: Mao Youying , Yin Lei , Huang Hua , Zhou Zhengyu , Chen Tongxin , Zhou Wei 
Published: June 2014

Objectives To analyse the clinical features of Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) with or without nephritis in Chinese children and to determine the risk factors for renal involvement. Methods Patient characteristics, clinical parameters and laboratory data were retrospectively analysed in patients with HSP with or without nephritis. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for renal involvement. Results A total of 535 patients with HSP were included in the study. HSP nephritis occurred in 267 patients (49.9%), ranging from isolated haematuria in 5.2%, mild proteinuria in 77.5%, moderate proteinuria in 6.4% and severe proteinuria in 10.9% of cases. In 90% of the cases, nephritis developed within 1 week of HSP onset; 98.5% of the cases with nephritis developed the condition within 1 month. Risk factors for the development of nephritis were age ≥6 years, purpura on sites other than the lower limbs and the presence of occult blood in the stool. Conclusion These results suggest that patients aged ≥6 years, or who have purpura on the upper limbs or face, or who have occult blood in the stool should be particularly monitored for signs of nephritis.
Factors Influencing Graft Impingement on the Wall of the Intercondylar Notch After Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Udagawa Kazuhiko , Niki Yasuo , Enomoto Hiroyuki , Toyama Yoshiaki , Suda Yasunori 
Published: June 2014

Background: Anatomic placement of the bone tunnel reportedly reduces impingement of the graft with the intercondylar roof, but as a trade-off, the risk of impingement with the lateral wall of the intercondylar notch would increase instead in anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Purpose: The 2 grafts for the anteromedial bundle (AMB) and posterolateral bundle (PLB) were separately analyzed for the frequency of and risk factors for graft impingement on the wall of the intercondylar notch. Study Design: Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 51 patients (53 knees) who underwent primary anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction were enrolled. Based on the graft orientation plane reconstructed with 3-dimensional imaging software, graft-wall impingement was defined as overlap between the lateral wall of the notch and the line connecting each center of the intra-articular apertures of the femoral and tibial bone tunnels. The rate of wall impingement was assessed for each bundle. Parameters for bone tunnel positioning in the femur and tibia, notch width index, and knee joint rotation angle were compared between patients with and without wall impingement. The most important risk factors for wall impingement were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: Wall impingement for the AMB was observed in 22 knees (42%), whereas no patients exhibited wall impingement for the PLB. Regarding femoral bone tunnel positioning according to the quadrant method, the AMB bone tunnel was placed significantly higher in impingement-positive patients than in impingement-negative patients ( P = .03). Regarding tibial tunnel positioning, the tunnel was placed significantly more anteriorly ( P = .02) and laterally ( P = .02) in the impingement-positive group than in the impingement-negative group. Bone tunnels positioned 48% to 50% from the medial border of the tibia demonstrated a 100% incidence of wall impingement. Based on logistic regression analysis, lateral deviation of the AMB tibial bone tunnel was significantly associated with wall impingement (odds ratio, 1.403; P = .048). Conclusion: The tibial bone tunnel position in the coronal orientation was most likely associated with wall impingement. Considering that tibial bone tunnels are generally created with the knee in 90° of flexion and move laterally as the knee extends because of screw-home movement, the AMB bone tunnel for the tibia should be positioned as medially as possible within its footprint to minimize the risk of wall impingement after anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction.
Effect of Varying the Twist Multiplier of Open-End Yarn on Pilling and Other Fabric Properties
Authors: Paek Soae L. , Winsor Helen B. 
Published: June 2014

Pilling has been one of the major consumer problems of man-made staple yarn products. This study evaluated the pilling performance of 65/35% Dacron/cotton fabrics woven from open-end (OE) yarns by the Random Tumble Pilling Tester Method (ASTM Test Method D3512-82) and the Elastomeric Pad Method (ASTM Test Method D3514-81) at five specified test intervals. The effect of twist level of warp and filling yarns on pilling propensity, flex abrasion, tensile strength, and breaking elongation was also investigated. Pilling produced by the Random Tumble Pilling (RTP) procedure was mainly fiber fuzz and loosely anchored pills; that produced by the Elastomeric Pad Method (EPM) was large scale pills and fiber entanglement which did not wear off readily. ANOVA test revealed that the twist level of warp yarns had a significant influence on thepilling characteristics as evidenced in both pilling tests. Twist level of filling yarns influenced EPMpilling ratings only intermittently. The effect of twist level of warp yarns was highly significant for the warp direction on flex abrasion, tensile strength, and breaking elongation. On the other hand the twist level of filling yarns influencedfilling tensile and breaking elongation. The major findings of the study indicate that pilling performance was significantly influenced by pilling test method and testperiod. The low and intermediate twist levels of OE yarns investigated did not consistently affect the pilling and other fabric properties analyzed.