bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Contexts of Reception Matter: Comparing Peruvian Migrants’ Economic Trajectories in Japan and the US
Authors: Takenaka Ayumi , Paerregaard Karsten 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper examines how Peruvian migrants fare economically in two historically and culturally distinct host countries, Japan and the US, drawing upon a survey and interviews conducted in both countries. Peruvian migrants surveyed share similar socio‐economic backgrounds and migrated to both countries for similar reasons roughly around the same time. Yet, over time, they achieved more occupational upward mobility in the US than in Japan. Japan has not done quite as well as the US in providing immigrants with occupational opportunities due to its less diversified immigrant labor market, limited entrepreneurship opportunities, and restricted modes of immigrant incorporation. Does it mean, however, that Peruvian migrants are less successful in Japan than the US? Although occupational mobility is a commonly used measure of social mobility, the definitions and meanings of “success” are context‐dependent. Peruvians in the US do experience more occupational mobility, but diverge more greatly in economic achievement amongst themselves. In Japan, on the other hand, while they experience little occupational mobility, they have had more economic equality with relatively stable and high wages. The paper examines Peruvian migrants’ distinct economic trajectories over time, focusing on their occupational mobility. We conclude that occupational mobility matters, not necessarily because it accompanies higher income, but because it shapes migrants’ aspirations. In the context where immigrants’ destinations have become more diverse in the world, the paper provides insights into how immigrants “make it” and what it means to “make it” in recent destinations, such as Japan, in comparison to more traditional immigrant countries, such as the US.
Internal Migration of Ethno‐national Minorities: The Case of Arabs in Israel
Authors: Cohen Nir , Czamanski Daniel , Hefetz Amir 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRecent scholarship emphasizes differences among ethnic groups' internal migration patterns. Yet, with few exceptions, research has focused on the Anglo‐American world, neglecting experiences from other regions. This paper is part of a larger research project that studies mobility among the Arab minority in Israel and its driving forces. In this paper we examine patterns of internal migration by analysing the propensity to migrate as well as migrants' individual and social characteristics. First, we survey the theoretical backdrop that is suggested by recent geographic literature on internal migration among ethnic and racial minorities, including native groups. Second, we contextualize the group studied, providing necessary background information on the political, socio‐economic and demographic conditions of Arabs in Israel. We briefly discuss attributes that are – or have been – potential hindering factors to Arab mobility in the Jewish state. Finally, we analyse 1995 national census data at the micro scale and provide a basis for future explanations of the phenomenon. We conclude by outlying some future directions in the study of internal migration of minorities in Israel.
Migration at a Time of Global Economic Crisis: The Situation in Spain
Authors: Domínguez‐Mujica Josefina , Guerra‐Talavera Raquel , Parreño‐Castellano Juan Manuel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we offer an initial assessment of the impact of the economic crisis on Spain's migration flows. After a period of intensive economic growth and the ensuing immigratory appeal (1995–2007), Spain has been hit hard by the recession. This has modified the trends that had so far characterized foreign immigration in Spain. The impact of the economic recession has been particularly severe in the case of immigrant workers and, consequently, from an institutional point of view, the Spanish government has adopted various measures to restrict the arrival of new immigrants: it has reduced work permit quotas and it has modified the Foreign Residents Law, toughening residence permit requirements. It has also tried to encourage voluntary returns with a programme devised to provide assistance to immigrants originating from countries with which Spain has social security agreements. The response to this programme has, however, been very limited. Immigration flows have continued and rates of return have stayed low, although new trends are also detectable, such as a decrease in the number of irregular arrivals and a rise in informal employment, as well as differences in the impact of unemployment according to nationality and gender. This reveals the complexity of migration processes beyond the supply and demand of labour and the political will to regulate human mobility. Consequently, immigration patterns in Spain reveal the degree of complexity reached by human mobility, which has increased beyond the logic of the labour market and the government's attempts at regulating migration flows by means of institutional measures. The immigrants' hope of raising their standard of living and the socio‐economic differences between source and receiving countries, even at a time of severe economic crisis, do still serve as explanations for current migration networks, one of the key points in the current debate on international migration.
Assessment of sleep‐disordered breathing using a non‐contact bio‐motion sensor
Authors: Zaffaroni Alberto , Kent Brian , O'Hare Emer , Heneghan Conor , Boyle Patricia , O'Connell Geraldine , Pallin Michael , de Chazal Philip , McNicholas Walter T. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryObstructive sleep apnoea is a highly prevalent but under‐diagnosed disorder. The gold standard for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea is inpatient polysomnography. This is resource intensive and inconvenient for the patient, and the development of ambulatory diagnostic modalities has been identified as a key research priority. SleepMinder (BiancaMed, NovaUCD, Ireland) is a novel, non‐contact, bedside sensor, which uses radio‐waves to measure respiration and movement. Previous studies have shown it to be effective in measuring sleep and respiration. We sought to assess its utility in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea. SleepMinder and polysomnographic assessment of sleep‐disordered breathing were performed simultaneously on consecutive subjects recruited prospectively from our sleep clinic. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of SleepMinder in identifying obstructive sleep apnoea, and how SleepMinder assessment of the apnoea–hypopnoea index correlated with polysomnography. Seventy‐four subjects were recruited. The apnoea–hypopnoea index as measured by SleepMinder correlated strongly with polysomnographic measurement (r = 0.90; P ≤ 0.0001). When a diagnostic threshold of moderate–severe (apnoea–hypopnoea index ≥15 events h−1) obstructive sleep apnoea was used, SleepMinder displayed a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 92% and an accuracy of 91% in the diagnosis of sleep‐disordered breathing. The area under the curve for the receiver operator characteristic was 0.97. SleepMinder correctly classified obstructive sleep apnoea severity in the majority of cases, with only one case different from equivalent polysomnography by more than one diagnostic class. We conclude that in an unselected clinical population undergoing investigation for suspected obstructive sleep apnoea, SleepMinder measurement of sleep‐disordered breathing correlates significantly with polysomnography.
War 2008 das neue 1929? Richtige und falsche Vergleiche zwischen der Großen Depression der 1930er Jahre und der Großen Rezession von 2008
Authors: Ritschl Albrecht 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Great Recession of 2008 hit the international economy harder than any other peacetime recession since the Great Contraction after 1929. Soon enough, analogies with the Great Depression were presented, and conclusions were drawn regarding the political response to the slump. This paper is an attempt to sort out real and false analogies and to present conclusions for policy. Its main hypothesis is that the Great Recession resembles the final phase of the Great Contraction between 1931 and 1933, characterized by a fast spreading global financial crisis and the breakdown of the international Gold Standard. The same is also true of the political responses to the banking problems occurring in both crises. The analogy seems less robust for the initial phase of the Great Depression after 1929. The monetary policy response to the Great Recession largely seems to be informed by the monetary interpretation of the Great Depression, but less so by the lessons from the interwar financial crises. As in the Great Depression, policy appears to be on a learning curve, moving away from a mostly monetary response toward mitigating counterpart risk and minimizing interbank contagion.
Symptoms of Delirium Occurring Before and After Episodes of Delirium in Older Long‐Term Care Residents
Authors: Cole Martin G. , McCusker Jane , Voyer Philippe , Monette Johanne , Champoux Nathalie , Ciampi Antonio , Vu Minh , Dyachenko Alina , Belzile Eric 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo describe Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) core symptoms of delirium occurring before and after incident episodes of delirium in older long‐term care (LTC) residents. A secondary objective was to describe the mean number of symptoms before and after episodes by dementia status.DesignSecondary analysis of data collected for a prospective cohort study of delirium, with repeated weekly assessments for up to 6 months.SettingSeven LTC facilities in Montreal and Quebec City, Canada.ParticipantsForty‐one older LTC residents who had at least one CAM‐defined incident episode of delirium.MeasurementsThe Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), CAM, Delirium Index (DI), Hierarchic Dementia Scale, Barthel Index, and Cornell Scale for Depression were completed at baseline. The MMSE, CAM, and DI were repeated weekly for 6 months. The frequency, mean number, type, and duration of CAM core symptoms of delirium occurring before and after incident episodes were examined using descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and survival analysis.ResultsCAM core symptoms of delirium preceded 38 (92.7%) episodes of delirium for many weeks; core symptoms followed 37 (90.2%) episodes for many weeks. Symptoms of inattention and disorganized thinking occurred most commonly. The mean number of symptoms was higher in residents with dementia but not significantly so.ConclusionCAM core symptoms of delirium were frequent and protracted before and after most incident episodes of delirium in LTC residents with and without dementia. If replicated, these findings have potentially important implications for clinical practice and research in LTC settings.
Typical and atypical dermoscopic presentations of dermatofibroma
Authors: Ferrari A. , Argenziano G. , Buccini P. , Cota C. , Sperduti I. , De Simone P. , Eibenschutz L. , Silipo V. , Zalaudek I. , Catricalà C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground  Dermatofibroma is a common skin neoplasm that is usually easy to recognize, but in some cases its differentiation from melanoma and other tumours may be difficult.Objective  To describe the dermoscopic features of dermatofibromas, with special emphasis on the characteristics of atypical patterns, and to calculate pattern frequency according to the patients age and gender, anatomical site and histopathological subtype.Methods  Two groups of patients were consecutively seen, one with dermatofibromas that were surgically excised because of clinically and/or dermoscopically equivocal aspects or following patient request, and another with non‐equivocal dermatofibromas. Each lesion was scored for previously reported global dermoscopic patterns and for additional features.Results  A typical pattern was observed in 92 of 130 (70.8%) lesions, whereas an atypical pattern, that we named the ‘non Dermatofibroma (DF)‐like’ pattern, was seen in 38 of 130 (29.2%). Atypical dermatofibromas showed features reminiscent of different conditions, such as melanoma in 21(16.2%) cases, vascular tumour in six (4.6%), basal cell carcinoma in five (3.8%), collision tumour in three (2.3%) and psoriasis in three (2.3%). A significant association was found between the ‘melanoma‐like’ pattern/‘vascular tumour‐like’ pattern and males, whereas a trend was observed between the above‐mentioned patterns and hemosiderotic/aneurysmal DFs. ‘Peripheral pigment network and central white scar‐like patch’ pattern was found associated with females and classic histopathological variant of DF.Conclusion  Dermatofibromas may display different morphological faces. The typical dermoscopic patterns allow a confident diagnosis, whereas a full surgical excision is always recommended in all doubtful cases.
Morphological and Molecular Description of Three New Species of the Cyrtophorid Genus Chlamydodon (Ciliophora, Cyrtophoria)
Authors: Pan Hongbo , Li Lifang , Al‐Rasheid Khaled A.S. , Song Weibo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study investigates the morphology and molecular characteristics of three new cyrtophorid ciliates isolated from China seas: Chlamydodon salinus n. sp., Chlamydodon caudatus n. sp., and Chlamydodon paramnemosyne n. sp. Of these, C. salinus n. sp. differs from its congeners through a combination of body size, a cross‐striated band that is not continuous, the presence of 30–34 somatic kineties, 11–15 nematodesmal rods, and 13 contractile vacuoles. Chlamydodon caudatus n. sp., meanwhile, is characterized by having a conspicuous tail, a continuous cross‐striated band, 34–40 somatic kineties, about 15 contractile vacuoles, and 20–24 nematodesmal rods. Compared with other Chlamydodon species, the third new one, C. paramnemosyne n. sp., could be identified by its continuous cross‐striated band, 16–18 somatic kineties, 5 contractile vacuoles, and 9–12 nematodesmal rods. Based on the sequence of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, the phylogeny of these three new species was analyzed, indicating that they all clustered with other congeners to form a monophyletic assemblage. Based on previous studies and the present work, a brief revision of the genus Chlamydodon is supplied, and a key to aid the identification of Chlamydodon species is given.
Performance of double‐balloon enteroscopy for the management of small bowel polyps in hamartomatous polyposis syndromes
Authors: Gorospe Emmanuel C , Alexander Jeffrey A , Bruining David H , Rajan Elizabeth , Wong Kee Song Louis‐Michel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground and AimHamartomatous polyposis syndromes (HPS) are a group of rare inherited autosomal dominant disorders. Small bowel polyposis is one of the manifestations of HPS. Double‐balloon enteroscopy (DBE) with polypectomy may obviate repeated small bowel surgeries for polyp intussusception, obstruction, or bleeding. The efficacy and safety of DBE‐assisted polypectomy in HPS patients with clinically significant small bowel polyposis were evaluated.MethodsAll HPS patients who underwent DBE from January 2007 to April 2011 were identified using a prospectively maintained database. Data on patient demographics, pre‐DBE radiological studies, polyp characteristics, procedural outcomes, and complications were abstracted.ResultsTwenty‐two patients underwent a total of 34 DBE procedures. Pre‐DBE imaging included computed tomography enterography (n = 15), computed tomography enteroclysis (n = 5), small bowel follow‐through (n = 1), and magnetic resonance enterography (n = 1). Any small bowel polyp ≥ 1 cm in size on radiological imaging was referred for DBE‐assisted polypectomy. Antegrade and retrograde DBE were successful in reaching and resecting targeted polyps in 90% (18/20) and 71.4% (10/14) of procedures, respectively. The overall success rate for DBE‐assisted polypectomy was 82.3% (95% confidence interval: 66.5–91.6%). The median size of resected polyps was 2 cm (range 1–5 cm) and all were hamartomas. Minor adverse events occurred in four (11.8%) procedures, including abdominal pain (n = 2), immediate post‐polypectomy bleeding (n = 1), and self‐limited hematochezia (n = 1).ConclusionsDBE‐assisted polypectomy was successful in over 80% of HPS patients with an acceptable margin of safety. To the knowledge of the authors, this is one of the largest single‐center studies to report on the performance and safety of DBE‐assisted polypectomy in HPS patients.
Histological features responsible for brownish epithelium in squamous neoplasia of the esophagus by narrow band imaging
Authors: Kanzaki Hiromitsu , Ishihara Ryu , Ishiguro Shingo , Nagai Kengo , Matsui Fumi , Yamashina Takeshi , Ohta Takashi , Yamamoto Sachiko , Hanaoka Noboru , Hanafusa Masao , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Iishi Hiroyasu , Tomita Yasuhiko 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground and AimEsophageal squamous neoplasias usually appear brown under narrow band imaging as a result of microvascular proliferation, and brownish color changes in the areas between vessels, referred to as brownish epithelium. However, the reasons for the development of this brownish epithelium and its clinical implications have not been fully investigated.MethodsPatients with superficial esophageal neoplasias treated by endoscopic resection were included in the study. Areas of mucosa with brownish and non‐brownish epithelia were evaluated histologically.ResultsA total of 68 superficial esophageal neoplasias in 58 patients were included in the analysis. Of the 68 lesions, 32 were classified in the brownish epithelium group, and 36 in the non‐brownish epithelium group. Brownish epithelium was significantly associated with a diagnosis of high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia or invasive cancer (P < 0.0001). Thinning of the keratinous layer, thinning of the epithelium, and cellular atypia were significantly associated with brownish epithelium by univariate analysis, and thinning of the keratinous layer and thinning of the epithelium were confirmed to be independent factors by multivariate analysis. The odds ratios were 9.6 (95% confidence interval: 2.0–46.3) for thinning of the keratinous layer, and 4.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.1–19.4) for thinning of the epithelium.ConclusionsBrownish epithelium is an important finding in the diagnosis of esophageal squamous neoplasia, and may be related to thinning of the keratinous layer, caused by neoplastic cell proliferation, and thinning of the epithelium.
Sex, ethnicity, and slow acetylator profile are the major causes of hepatotoxicity induced by antituberculosis drugs
Authors: Chamorro Julián G , Castagnino Jorge P , Musella Rosa M , Nogueras Mabel , Aranda Federico M , Frías Ana , Visca Mabel , Aidar Omar , Perés Silvia , de Larrañaga Gabriela F 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground and AimTreatment with antituberculosis (TB) drugs produces liver damage in a large proportion of patients. Isoniazid, an antibacterial drug, is primarily responsible for this hepatotoxicity. Several polymorphisms of the N‐acetyltransferase 2 (NAT‐2) and cytochrome P450 2E1 enzymes, which are involved in the metabolism of isoniazid, may be directly associated with the development of hepatotoxicity. This study was designed to analyze the association between the NAT‐2 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms with the development of anti‐TB drug‐induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH).MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐five TB patients who had been treated with anti‐TB drugs were studied. The allelic and genotypic frequency distributions of the NAT‐2 and CYP2E1 enzymes were studied using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphisms methodology. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to compare the results between TB patients with and without the development of hepatotoxicity.ResultsHaving a slow acetylator status (odds ratio [OR] = 2.615; confidence interval [CI] = 1.264–5.411; P = 0.01), being female (OR = 2.734; CI = 1.325–5.639, P = 0.006), and having Bolivian ethnicity (OR = 2.711; CI = 1.307–6.625, P = 0.007) were found to be independent predictor variables for ATDH.ConclusionsThis study showed that a patient's NAT‐2 acetylator status, gender, and ethnic origin may be regarded as important risk factors for developing hepatotoxicity. Contrary to expectations, the CYP2E1 c1/c2 polymorphism did not show a significant association with hepatotoxicity in this study. Given the increases in TB cases and ATDH incidence levels, as well as the associated hospitalization costs, it may also be helpful to know patients’ acetylator status prior to or at the beginning of the TB treatment regimen.
Consensus recommendations and review by an International Expert Panel on Interventions in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (EPOIHCC)
Authors: Park Joong‐Won , Amarapurkar Deepak , Chao Yee , Chen Pei‐Jer , Geschwind Jean‐Francois H. , Goh Khean Lee , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Kudo Masatoshi , Lee Han Chu , Lee Rheun‐Chuan , Lesmana Laurentius A. , Lim Ho Yeong , Paik Seung Woon , Poon Ronnie T , Tan Chee‐Kiat , Tanwandee Tawesak , Teng Gaojun , Cheng Ann‐Lii 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents with a high burden of disease in East Asian countries. Intermediate‐stage HCC as defined by the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system poses a clinical challenge as it includes a heterogeneous population of patients that can vary widely in terms of tumour burden, liver function and disease aetiology. Intermediate HCC patients often have unsatisfactory clinical outcomes with repeated transarterial chemoembolization (TACE, due to non‐response of the target tumour or the development of further metastasis indicating progressive disease. In September 2011, an Expert Panel Opinion on Interventions in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (EPOIHCC) was convened in HK in an attempt to provide a consensus on the practice of TACE. To that end, current clinical practice throughout Asia was reviewed in detail including safety and efficacy data on TACE alone as well as in combination with targeted systemic therapies. This review summarises the evidence discussed at the meeting and provides expert recommendation regarding the available therapeutic options for unresectable intermediate stage HCC. A key consensus of the Expert Panel was that in order to improve patient outcomes and long‐term survival, the possibility of using TACE in combination with targeted agents given systemically should be explored. While the currently available clinical data is promising, the expected completion of several pivotal phase II and III RCTs will provide further evidence in support of the rationale for combination therapy regimens.