bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industrial orange juice debittering: effect on volatile compounds and overall quality attributes
Authors: Fernández‐Vázquez Rocío , Stinco Carla M. , Hernanz Dolores , Heredia Francisco J. , Vicario Isabel M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThis study was aimed to analyse the impact of the debittering process (DP) in the overall sensory properties of orange juice (OJ) (Citrus sinensis L. Var. Salustiana). The fresh industrial squeezed orange juice (FOJ) and the corresponding OJ after the DP (DOJ) were taken. No significant differences were found in acidity, pH and total soluble solids. Colour was evaluated by image analysis (DigiEye System). Hue and lightness were lower (more reddish and darker) after debittering (P < 0.001). Odour profile (limonene, α‐pinene, ethyl butanoate, octanal, linalool, citral and terpineol) decreased significantly (from 16% to 61% on average) as well as total phenolic compounds measured by Folin–Ciocalteu (P < 0.05). The influence of the debittering on the perceived colour, smell and taste was evaluated by paired comparison tests. The naïve panellists found significant differences not only in taste but also in colour and aroma between FOJ and DOJ; however, preference was not clear.
The development of free amino acids and volatile compounds in cheese ‘Oloumoucké tvarůžky’ (PGI) during ripening
Authors: Pachlová Vendula , Buňka František , Chromečková Martina , Buňková Leona , Barták Petr , Pospíšil Pavel 
Published: May 2013

SummaryTwenty‐two free amino acid (FAA) concentrations were observed during manufacture (7 days) and ripening period (42 days follow‐up) of Olomoucké tvarůžky (PGI, smear acid cheese). During the ripening period, the amounts of volatile compounds and selected sensory attributes were also analysed. The free amino acids were determined by means of ion‐exchange chromatography, and the volatile compounds were detected and identified using HS‐SPME coupled with GC/MS method. The development of the individual FAA content positively correlated with the ripening period (r = 0.7734–0.9229; P < 0.01). Forty‐six volatile compounds (14 alcohols; 10 esters; 7 ketones; 5 acids; 4 aldehydes; 3 sulphur compounds; 2 phenol compounds; and 1 terpene) were identified. Concentrations of several compounds increased (e.g. 3‐methylbutanal, 2‐butanol, 2‐butanone; P < 0.05) or decreased (e.g. dimethyldisulphide, methanethiol, 2‐phenylethylacetate, methylbutyric acid; P < 0.05) over cheese ageing. The results gave information about the development of sensory active substances and its precursors in Olomoucké tvarůžky during ripening. In conclusion, we found that free amino acid concentrations and sulphur compounds are positive with improved flavour.
Standardisation of the sour cassava starch reduces the processing time by fermentation water monitoring
Authors: de Sena Aquino Ana C. M. , Pereira Juliane M. , Watanabe Lucas B. , Amante Edna R. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThis work investigated the pH, titratable acidity and total solids of the cassava starch fermentation water, using the traditional method and a method modified through the addition of glucose. Sour cassava starch production controlled by the characteristic of the fermentation water produced the best product (biscuit specific volume of 7.66 ± 0.41 mL g−1) at 33th day of fermentation in the modified method and at 85th day (biscuit specific volume of 6.53 ± 0.59 mL g−1) in traditional method. But, comparatively to the commercial sour cassava starch (biscuit specific volume of 3.48 ± 0.12 mL g−1), both traditional and modified methods, controlled by titratable acidity of fermentation water, can be retired from the fermentation tank in the 19th and 32th day of fermentation, with biscuit specific volume of 4.75 ± 0.30 and 5.17 ± 0.46 mL g−1, respectively. Determining fermentation time can help to standardise sour cassava starch and to promote future applications of the fermentation water as a raw material.
A comparative study on phenolic profile, vitamin C content and antioxidant activity of Italian honeys of different botanical origin
Authors: Perna Annamaria , Intaglietta Immacolata , Simonetti Amalia , Gambacorta Emilio 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe aim of our study was to identify and quantify the phenolic acids, flavonoids and vitamin C and to evaluate the antioxidant activity in ninety Italian honeys of different botanical origins (chestnut, sulla, eucalyptus, citrus and multifloral). The results showed that total phenolic and flavonoid contents varied from 11.08 to 14.26 mg GAE per 100 g honey and from 5.82 to 12.52 mg QE per 100 g honey, respectively. HPLC–UV analysis showed a similar but quantitatively different phenolic profile of the studied honeys. Vitamin C is present in all samples. Multifloral honey showed the highest amount of the detected total phenolic compounds and the highest vitamin C content. The DPPH value varied from 55.06 to 75.37%. Among the unifloral honeys, chestnut honey presented the highest levels of phenolic acids, flavonoids and vitamin C, which are closely associated with its high antioxidant activity. The results show that honey contains high amount of biologically active compounds, which play an important role in defining the nutraceutical quality of the product, and that the distribution of these compounds is influenced by the botanical origin.
British pharmacists' work-life balance – is it a problem?
Authors: Seston Elizabeth , Hassell Karen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesUsing a validated tool, the study aimed to explore pharmacists' experiences of maintaining work/life balance in a large, nationally representative sample of pharmacists in Great Britain (GB).MethodsA two-page postal questionnaire was sent in 2008 to all GB-domiciled pharmacists who were registered with the regulatory body for pharmacy in GB (just over 44 000 pharmacists). Demographic information, work patterns and other employment data were collected and analysed using regression techniques to explore the link between these characteristics and a validated measure of work/life balance.Key findingsThe response rate to the census was 69.6% (n = 30 517). Eighty-three per cent (n = 25 243) of respondents were working as a pharmacist and were therefore eligible to complete the work/life balance statements. The results reported here relate to 12 364 individuals who had full data for the work/life balance scale and the demographic and work variables. Findings indicate that age, ethnicity, having caring responsibilities, sector of practice, hours of work and type of job are significant predictors of work/life balance problems.ConclusionsPharmacy employers and government should recognise the changing demographic characteristics of the profession and consider what support might be available to the workforce to help alleviate work/life balance problems being experienced by certain groups of pharmacists.
An odorant receptor from the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura) exclusively tuned to the important plant volatile cis‐3‐Hexenyl acetate
Authors: Zhang J. , Liu C. C. , Yan S. W. , Liu Y. , Guo M. B. , Dong S. L. , Wang G. R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOlfaction plays an important role in insect behaviours. The odorant receptor (OR) repertoire, housed within the dendritic membrane of sensory neurons, is one of the primary determinants of odour recognition. ORs in moths could be classified into pheromone receptors (PRs) and non‐pheromone receptors (non‐PR ORs). Much research in the field of insect olfaction recently has been focused on PRs of the male moth, but few Lepidoptera studies have been done on the functional study of non‐PR ORs. In the present study, we identified and characterized four non‐PR ORs from Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) antennae. The tissue expression pattern showed that the four ORs were mainly expressed in adult antennae and further in situ hybridization revealed SlituOR12 was expressed in both long and short sensilla trichodea and sensilla basiconica. A functional analysis of the four SlituORs was conducted in the heterologous expression system Xenopus oocytes. SlituOR12 was exclusively and sensitively tuned to cis‐3‐Hexenyl acetate and SlituOR19 slightly responded to 4′‐Ethylacetophenone; however, SlituOR44 and SlituOR51 did not respond to any chemicals tested in this study. It is proposed that SlituOR12 might partially account for some key behaviours of the female, such as detection of host location and oviposition site.
A prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled study of human fibroblast‐derived dermal substitute (Dermagraft) in patients with venous leg ulcers
Authors: Harding Keith , Sumner Michael , Cardinal Matthew 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis was an open‐label, prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of human fibroblast‐derived dermal substitute (HFDS) plus four‐layer compression therapy compared with compression therapy alone in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. The primary outcome variable was the proportion of patients with completely healed study ulcers by 12 weeks. The number healed was further summarised by ulcer duration and baseline ulcer size. Sixty‐four (34%) of 186 patients in the HFDS group experienced healing by week 12 compared with 56 (31%) of 180 patients in the control group (P = 0·235). For ulcers ≤ 12 months duration, 49 (52%) of 94 patients in the HFDS group versus 36 (37%) of 97 patients in the control group healed at 12 weeks (P = 0·029). For ulcers ≤ 10 cm2, complete healing at week 12 was observed in 55 (47%) of 117 patients in the HFDS group compared with 47 (39%) of 120 patients in the control group (P = 0·223). The most common adverse events (AEs) were wound infection, cellulitis and skin ulcer. The frequency of AEs did not markedly differ between the treatment and control groups.
Severity of psychiatric and physical problems is associated with lower quality of life in methadone patients in Indonesia
Authors: Iskandar Shelly , van Crevel Reinout , Hidayat Teddy , Siregar Ike M.P. , Achmad Tri H. , van der Ven Andre J. , De Jong Cor A. 
Published: May 2013

Background and ObjectivesThe goal of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is to reduce the harm and to improve patients' quality of life (Qol). However, the Qol is also influenced by other co‐occurring disorders. Data regarding the Qol and the co‐occurrence of these disorders is lacking in low‐middle income countries. We therefore describe the prevalence of physical, psychiatric, and drug abuse co‐occurring disorders among MMT patients in Indonesia and determine the association between the severity of the co‐occurring disorders and the Qol.MethodsData were collected in 112 injection drug abusers (IDUs) attending a MMT program in West Java, Indonesia, using validated questionnaires, medical records and laboratory testing. For comparison, 154 IDUs not enrolled in MMT were recruited by respondent driven sampling.ResultsThe most frequent co‐occurring disorders were hepatitis C (92%), HIV (77%), benzodiazepine abuse (56%), and anxiety disorders (32%). IDUs in MMT had one (26%), two (47%), or three (27%) co‐occurring disorders. Higher severity in psychiatric and physical problems was associated with poorer Qol. IDUs not enrolled in MMT had similar co‐occurring problems.ConclusionsThe prevalence of co‐occurring disorders in IDUs in Indonesia is high and they influence their Qol.Scientific SignificanceTherefore, comprehensive treatment, especially focusing on the common co‐occurring disorders should be provided in MMT to improve the Qol. (Am J Addict 2013;22:425–431)
Mixed incentive contracts in partnerships
Authors: Chao Hong , Siqueira Kevin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper illustrates the impact of mixed contracts on teamwork and welfare in a partnership when production depends on the efforts of agents in their own tasks as well as their efforts in helping other teammates. We show that a mixed contract that combines compensation based on team output with that of a tournament based on individual output leads to higher welfare than a purely team‐output‐based contract, despite the possibility of sabotage and the possible adverse impacts that the contract may have on the allocation of agent efforts.
Common‐value auctions with asymmetrically informed bidders and reserve price
Authors: Shi Xinyan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, I study common‐value auctions with a reserve price. First, I consider a static auction in which one bidder has perfect information about the value of the object and the other does not have any private information. Then I consider a dynamic auction in which the informed bidder obtains private information in two consecutive periods, while the other does not have any private information. In both auctions, I derive the optimal reserve price and establish conditions under which the exclusion principle fails. In addition, I compare the dynamic auction with the single‐period auction and provide conditions under which one auction outperforms the other.
Externality and information asymmetry in the production of local public goods
Authors: Cho Myeonghwan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA traditional argument in public economics says that externality favors centralization (decision‐making by the central government) and information asymmetry favors decentralization (decision‐making by local governments). In this paper, we find a linkage between externality and information asymmetry with regard to the relative efficiency of centralization and decentralization. In addition, we study the incentives of local governments to reveal their private information. When the uncertainty of private information is sufficiently high, it is possible to improve efficiency by providing a cost incentive for local governments to truthfully reveal their information. Without providing a cost incentive, it is also possible to improve efficiency with the local governments revealing their information partially, but not completely.
Seasonal variation in semen quality in China
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Zong , Liu Jin‐Hao , Sheng Hui‐Qiang , Wu Hong‐Jun , Wu Ying , Yao Kang‐Shou , Lu Jin‐Chun , Zhang Feng‐Bin 
Published: May 2013

SummaryIn this study, we assessed the effect of seasonal variation on the semen quality in Chinese by using the average highest temperature (AHT) of the ejaculation day for partitioning season periods. A total of 13 635 semen samples were collected and analysed according to the AHT of the ejaculation day. Semen volume, sperm concentration and the percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology in midsummer (AHT > 30 °C) were significantly lower than those in other periods of the year. Sperm motility with AHT 10–20 °C in winter and spring was significantly higher than that in other seasons. The percentage of head defects spermatozoa with AHT < 10 °C in winter was significantly lower than that in other periods. We observed that there was a significant effect of season on the semen parameters. Highest environment temperature of the day may be a determining factor for the seasonal variations in semen quality.
Using fisheries by‐catch data to predict octocoral habitat suitability around South Georgia
Authors: Taylor Michelle L. , Yesson Chris , Agnew David J. , Mitchell Rebecca E. , Rogers Alex D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimFor many deep‐sea fisheries, there is an urgent management requirement for information on the presence of vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs). Gathering deep‐sea data using conventional techniques can be expensive and time‐consuming. One way to provide a relatively rapid assessment of VME presence is to use data from fisheries by‐catch and historical scientific observations. Our aim was to predict suitable habitat for octocorals around South Georgia and to estimate the extent to which octocoral habitat is currently protected by fisheries management measures. In addition, we attempted to determine the types of terrain in which octocorals and fishing activities occur.LocationSouth Georgia, sub‐Antarctic.MethodsA terrain map of South Georgia was created using Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM). Georeferenced octocoral data were combined with environmental layers to create an octocoral habitat suitability map using ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA).ResultsMost octocoral by‐catch samples originated from narrow crest (an area representing shelf break and moraines) and steep (continental) slope terrains. Calcite saturation state and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) were the most influential environmental parameters in determining highly suitable octocoral habitat. The ENFA model highlighted shelf‐break areas to be highly suitable habitat for octocorals and that 38% of this habitat around South Georgia lies within areas currently protected by fisheries management; a further 20% is below the 2000‐m fishing depth, meaning effectively that 58% of predicted highly suitable octocoral habitat is currently protected. Although these results indicate protection levels for octocoral habitat well above international standards/targets, the fishery remains active within a relatively concentrated shelf area at 700–2000 m, potentially having a large impact on the 42% of highly suitable octocoral habitat predicted to lie at these depths.Main conclusionsThis research demonstrates the potential for using fisheries by‐catch data to create habitat suitability maps that can inform fisheries management and future research.
Effects of briakinumab treatment for moderate to severe psoriasis on health‐related quality of life and work productivity and activity impairment: results from a randomized phase III study
Authors: Papp K.A. , Sundaram M. , Bao Y. , Williams D.A. , Gu Y. , Signorovitch J.E. , Wang Y. , Valdes J.M. , Mulani P.M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is known to have a significant negative impact on a patient's health‐related quality of life, including social, recreational and work activities.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of briakinumab on quality of life and work productivity measures in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.MethodsPatients received either briakinumab (n = 981) or placebo (n = 484) during the 12‐week induction phase of trial M06‐890. At week 12, patients with a Physician's Global Assessment score of ‘Clear’ or ‘Minimal’ entered the 40‐week maintenance phase and were to receive briakinumab every 4 weeks, briakinumab every 12 weeks, or placebo. At weeks 12 and 52, treatment groups were compared using mean change from baseline in health‐related quality of life and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire scores and the percentage of patients with minimum clinically important differences.ResultsAt week 12, more than half of the briakinumab‐treated patients achieved improvements meeting or exceeding minimum clinically important differences for Dermatology Life Quality Index (75.9%), and psoriasis‐ (64.8%), and psoriatic arthritis‐related (54.1%) pain scores; 48.4% achieved improvements for activity impairment. Although improvements in quality of life and work productivity measures were maintained at week 52 for both briakinumab regimens, responder rates were consistently greater in the every‐4‐week group than in the every‐12‐week group.ConclusionBriakinumab treatment resulted in clinically significant improvements in quality of life and work productivity in adults with moderate to severe psoriasis. Maintenance therapy was associated with a more pronounced benefit for the every‐4‐week briakinumab regimen.
Efficacy of a physical method for control of direct pests of apples and peaches
Authors: Grasswitz T. R. , Fimbres O. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTwo studies were conducted to test the feasibility and efficacy of using physical barriers (Maggot Barrier® nylon mesh bags) for control of three internal pests of tree fruit (codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh)) and peach twig borer (Anarsia lineatella Zeller)) and three groups of external direct pests (stink bugs (Pentatomidae), plant bugs (Miridae) and birds). Two types of Maggot Barrier® were tested (regular and heavy duty), and two methods of securing the bags: knotting the bag on itself (‘self‐ties’) and using plastic‐coated wire ‘twist‐ties’. Bags were applied to eight cultivars of both apples and peaches, selected to give a range of maturity dates. Apples were bagged when fruit was approximately 27 mm in diameter, and peaches when the fruit was approximately 36 mm in diameter. Unbagged fruits served as controls. On apples, bagging had no effect on damage due to birds, stink bugs or apple maggot (which was present only in very low numbers), but reduced codling moth damage by 20–25% compared with unbagged controls; there were no significant differences due to bag type or tie type. In apples, a significantly higher proportion of the heavy duty bags were reusable after harvest, but on peaches, which were bagged for a shorter time, there was no difference between bag types in this respect. Bagging significantly reduced the percentage of peach fruits damaged by twig borer, birds and stink bugs, but increased the percentage of fruit with skin marks; there were no significant differences between bag or tie types. In peaches, there were significant effects on the time taken to apply bags due to both tying method and differences between individual operators. Cultivar affected pest‐related damage in both fruit types, underlining the importance of appropriate cultivar choice in pest management, particularly for organic growers and home gardeners.
Effect of fasting in Ramadan on body composition and nutritional intake: a prospective study
Authors: Norouzy A. , Salehi M. , Philippou E. , Arabi H. , Shiva F. , Mehrnoosh S. , Mohajeri S. M. R. , Mohajeri S. A. Reza , Motaghedi Larijani A. , Nematy M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to assess the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on body weight and composition and the effects of age and sex.MethodsBody weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured, body mass index (BMI) was calculated and fat mass, fat‐free mass and percentage body fat were assessed by bioelectrical impedance on 240 adult subjects (male: 158) who fasted between sunrise and sunset for at least 20 days. Measurements were taken 1 week before and 1 week after Ramadan. Energy and macronutrient intakes were assessed using a 3‐day food frequency questionnaire on a sub‐sample of subjects before and during Ramadan.ResultsSubjects were grouped according to age and sex: ≤35 years (n = 82, males: 31) and 36–70 years (n = 158, males: 127). There were significant reductions in weight and BMI (P < 0.001) in almost all subjects, with the biggest being in males ≤35 years [−2.2% (SE 2.2%), P < 0.001]. Waist and hip circumferences fell in most subjects, except females aged 36–70 years. Fat mass fell in most subjects, ranging from 2.3% to 4.3% from baseline, except in females aged 36–70 years who did not experience a significant change. Fat‐free mass was significantly reduced in all subjects (P < 0.001), whereas percentage body fat was lower only in males by 2.5% (SE 3.2%) (P = 0.029) in those aged ≤35 years and by 1.1% (SE 1.5%) (P < 0.001) in those aged 36–70 years. Dietary intake was similar before and during Ramadan, except in males whose protein intake fell during Ramadan (P = 0.032).ConclusionsRamadan fasting leads to weight loss and fat‐free mass reductions. Body composition changes vary depending on age and sex.