bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Documentation Patterns of Trainees and Supervising Physicians Using Data Mining
Authors: Madhavan Ramesh , Tang Chi , Bhattacharya Pratik , Delly Fadi , Basha Maysaa M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
The electronic health record (EHR) includes a rich data set that may offer opportunities for data mining and natural language processing to answer questions about quality of care, key aspects of resident education, or attributes of the residents' learning environment.

Objective
We used data obtained from the EHR to report on inpatient documentation practices of residents and attending physicians at a large academic medical center.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study of deidentified patient notes entered over 7 consecutive months by a multispecialty university physician group at an urban hospital. A novel automated data mining technology was used to extract patient note–related variables.

Results
A sample of 26 802 consecutive patient notes was analyzed using the data mining and modeling tool Healthcare Smartgrid. Residents entered most of the notes (33%, 8178 of 24 787) between noon and 4 pm and 31% (7718 of 24 787) of notes between 8 am and noon. Attending physicians placed notes about teaching attestations within 24 hours in only 73% (17 843 of 24 443) of the records. Surgical residents were more likely to place notes before noon (P &lt; .001). Nonsurgical faculty were more likely to provide attestation of resident notes within 24 hours (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Data related to patient note entry was successfully used to objectively measure current work flow of resident physicians and their supervising faculty, and the findings have implications for physician oversight of residents' clinical work. We were able to demonstrate the utility of a data mining model as an assessment tool in graduate medical education.
Using a Resident Discharge Clinic for Resident Education and Patient Care: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Booth Katrina A. , Vinci Lisa M. , Oyler Julie L. , Pincavage Amber T. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Many patients in internal medicine resident continuity clinics experience difficulty accessing care, making posthospitalization ambulatory follow-up challenging. Experiential learning in care transitions is also lacking for residents.

Objective
We sought to assess the feasibility and impact of a weekly Resident Discharge Clinic (RDC) in increasing access to early posthospitalization follow-up and providing learning opportunities for residents.

Methods
We staffed the RDC with an ambulatory block resident, an internal medicine preceptor, and a clinical pharmacist. We assessed time to posthospitalization follow-up, readmission rates, and resident perceptions of postdischarge care for resident-clinic patients, comparing data before and after RDC implementation.

Results
There were 636 discharges in the baseline group, 662 during the intervention period, and 56 in the RDC group. Six months after RDC implementation, the percentage of discharged resident-clinic patients with follow-up within 7 days improved from 6.6% at baseline to 9.7% (P  =  .04). The mean interval to the posthospitalization follow-up appointment in the RDC group was 7.4 days compared with 33.9 days in the baseline group (P &lt; .001). The percentage of surveyed residents (n  =  72) who agreed that early follow-up was easy to arrange increased from 21% to 77% (P &lt; .001). There was no significant decrease in the 30-day readmission rate for patients in the RDC group (18.1% versus 12.5%, P  =  .29).

Conclusions
The RDC was easily implemented, increased access to timely posthospitalization follow-up, and provided a platform for resident learning about care transitions.
Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment of Female Infertility
Authors: Sheikh Maria 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Ultrasound has made significant advancements in reproductive medicine, especially infertility of a female cause. It is a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of various disorders. Transvaginal ultrasonography in particular plays a vital role in infertility treatment as it allows for evaluation of normal and stimulated ovarian cycles, aspiration of follicles, and subsequent transfer of embryos. The use of color Doppler permits visualization of endometrial and intraovarian vessels, facilitating an understanding of normal and abnormal physiology of the uterus and ovaries. This article reviews a variety of case scenarios regarding female infertility that may be encountered in the practice of reproductive endocrinology. Ovarian causes such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, luteinized unruptured follicle, luteal phase defect, premature ovarian failure, and endometriosis, are discussed together with tubal and uterine causes of infertility. By using illustrative images, the reader will be able to correlate findings on B-mode, color Doppler and 3D ultrasound with various causes of female infertility.

How to cite this article
Sheikh M, Kupesic Plavsic S. Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment of Female Infertility. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(2):184-200.
How I Lost My Memory and Never Got It Back
Authors: Radulescu Domnica 
Published: June 2014

This piece is a cross over memoir writing / short story that could also qualify as exilic writing. It emerges from my own experience of immigration and exile to the United States and in particular it tells the story of my last day in my native country of Romania before my escape in 1983. It also recounts the wrenching episode of my passing through customs and leaving my country forever on a plane to Rome. The essay is about memory, the trauma of exile and the troubled journey of recerating myself as an immigrant straddling two different countries and cultures.
The Food Security Challenge for the Buffalo Meat Industry: Perspectives from Lao PDR
Authors: Nampanya Sonevilay , Young James , Bush Russell , Windsor Peter , Khounsy Syseng 
Published: June 2014

The Asiatic swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an important livestock species in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos), with smallholder farmers owning the majority of an estimated 774,200 buffalo. Of the estimated 226,400 farm households with buffalo, 78% have a herd size of four or fewer, kept as a storage of wealth, sale for beef, for manure as fertilizer, and decreasingly, draught power. The total meat consumption in Laos and China was approximately 21 kg and 58 kg per capita in 2009, with an annual growth rate forecast of 4.5% and 3.1%. Increasing demand for meat in both domestic and neighboring markets offers opportunities for smallholders to gain more income from their livestock, particularly buffalo. However improving buffalo production requires numerous management constraints to be addressed, including: health issues (parasites and endemic diseases, particularly Toxocara vitulorum and Haemorrhagic Septicaemia control), biosecurity and transboundary disease (Foot and Mouth Disease control), nutritional deficits, low reproductive performance, high slaughter rates of pregnant cows, undeveloped trade and marketing systems, limited veterinary and extension service capacity, and potentially climate change and policy impacts. This paper reviews available information on these constraints to identify remaining gaps in knowledge and offer potentially suitable strategic interventions aimed at increasing the supply of buffalo in Laos. With the current rapid rate of economic development expected to continue in Laos and the Greater Mekong Subregion, expansion of the domestic and regional markets for food requires a more biosecure and sustainable supply of safe meat. Improving livestock health, productivity, processing and marketing, particularly of buffalo, is critical to ensuring poor smallholder communities can participate in and access these growing markets, providing improved rural livelihoods, poverty reduction and increased food security.
Politische Strukturen im Guptareich (300–550 n.Chr.). By Fred Virkus; and The Archaeology of Hindu Ritual: Temples and the Establishment of the Gods. By Michael Willis
Authors: Francis Emmanuel , Griffiths Arlo 
Published: June 2014

Politische Strukturen im Guptareich (300–550 n.Chr.). By Fred Virkus. Asien- und Afrika-Studien der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, vol. 18. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2004. Pp. x + 319. €78.
The Archaeology of Hindu Ritual: Temples and the Establishment of the Gods. By Michael Willis. Pp. xiv + 375. Cambridge: caMBridge university Press, 2009. £50.
Prenatal Findings in Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Authors: Ganesan Suguna , Brook Michael M. , Silverman Norman H. , Moon-Grady Anita J. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesOptimal perinatal management of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) involves timely identification followed by surgical correction. Antenatal diagnosis, however, has long been a challenge. We aimed to identify consistent prenatal sonographic features in this condition in a large cohort in whom the diagnosis was made antenatally and confirmed postnatally.MethodsWe conducted a systematic retrospective review of the 2‐dimensional and Doppler sonographic features that had helped make the diagnosis of TAPVR at our institution from 2001 to 2012.ResultsTwenty‐six patients had prenatal diagnosis of TAPVR (mean gestational age, 24.1 weeks). Four of the fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis represented isolated cases of TAPVR; 22 had heterotaxy syndrome, additional cardiac abnormalities, or both. Prenatally diagnosed abnormal pulmonary venous connections were supracardiac (type I) in 18 cases, cardiac (type II) in 1, and infradiaphragmatic (type III) in 7. Lack of a visible connection of the pulmonary veins to the atrium (100%) and the presence of a visible venous confluence on axial 4‐chamber views (96%) were the most consistent findings. Cardiac asymmetry and the presence of additional vertical venous channels on 3‐vessel or axial abdominal views were also noted but less consistently. Abnormal pulmonary venous spectral Doppler findings were present in 25 of the 26 fetuses.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of TAPVR can be suspected on standard axial views included in second‐trimester obstetric screening examinations of the fetal heart and confirmed on fetal echocardiography with the use of pulsed wave Doppler imaging. Clues recognizable on obstetric sonographic screening have the potential to contribute to increasing the diagnostic yield for prenatal detection of TAPVR.
Correlation Between Maximum Intensity and Microvessel Density for Differentiation of Malignant From Benign Thyroid Nodules on Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography
Authors: Jiang Jue , Shang Xu , Zhang Hongli , Ma Wenqi , Xu Yongbo , Zhou Qi , Gao Ya , Yu Shanshan , Qi Yanhua 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate contrast‐enhanced sonography for differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules by analyzing the correlation between maximum intensity and microvessel density.MethodsFrom February 2010 to May 2012, 122 patients (85 female and 37 male; mean age ± SD, 45 ± 9.1 years) with thyroid nodules (62 papillary thyroid carcinomas, 30 nodular goiters, and 30 adenomas) that underwent routine thyroid sonography and were diagnosed by surgery were included in this study. Contrast‐enhanced sonography was performed, and enhancement patterns were classified into 3 groups: high, equal, and low enhancement. As a time‐intensity curve parameter, the correlation of maximum intensity with CD31 and CD34 microvessel density counts was analyzed.ResultsOn contrast‐enhanced sonography, most patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas showed a heterogeneous low enhancement pattern, whereas most patients with nodular goiters showed an equal enhancement pattern, and patients with adenomas showed a high enhancement pattern. The detection of papillary thyroid carcinomas with low enhancement had sensitivity of 96.8%, specificity of 95.0%, and accuracy of 95.9%. Compared with the papillary thyroid group, the mean microvessel density counts were significantly higher in the nodular goiter and adenoma groups (P< .05). We also found that the maximum intensity was significantly associated with CD31 and CD34 counts (CD31, r = 0.963; P < .01; CD34, r = 0.968; P < .01).ConclusionsMaximum intensity has a significant relationship with microvessel density. Contrast‐enhanced sonography is a practical and convenient means for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules.
Synthesis of 5′‐O‐DMT‐2′‐O‐TBS Mononucleosides Using an Organic Catalyst
Authors: Lee Sunggi , Blaisdell Thomas P. , Kasaplar Pinar , Sun Xixi , Tan Kian L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis unit describes a highly effective method to produce 5′‐O‐DMT‐2′‐O‐TBS mononucleosides selectively using a small organic catalyst. This methodology avoids the tedious protection/deprotection strategy necessary to differentiate the 2′‐ and 3′‐hydroxyl groups in a ribonucleoside. The catalyst was synthesized in two steps, starting from the condensation of valinol and cyclopentyl aldehyde, followed by anionic addition of N‐methylimidazole. Ring closure of the amino alcohol with N,N‐dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal in methanol furnishes the catalyst. All four 2′‐O‐TBS protected mono‐nucleosides, U, ABz, GIb, and CAc, were produced in a single step using 10 to 20 mol% of the catalyst at room temperature with excellent yields and selectivity. Further transformation to phosphoramidite demonstrates the utility of this protocol in the preparation of monomers useful for automated synthesis of RNA. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 57.2.17.1‐2.17.11. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Whistler interaction with field‐aligned density irregularities in the ionosphere: Refraction, diffraction, and interference
Authors: Woodroffe J. R. , Streltsov A. V. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractField‐aligned density irregularities (FAI) with kilometer‐scale sizes transverse to the background magnetic field are a common feature in the ionosphere at all latitudes and local times. In this paper, we investigate the effect of these irregularities on the transionospheric propagation of very low frequency whistler waves and develop a quantitative description of FAI‐related effects on whistler propagation through the lower ionosphere. Using an electron magnetohydrodynamics simulation, we provide two applications of our model. First, we show that the presence of kilometer‐scale FAI in the ionosphere can reduce the power observed in the equatorial magnetosphere by more than 10 dB in some cases. Second, we demonstrate that multiple FAIs can act as a discrete lens for whistlers, providing a possible means for increasing wave power in artificial whistler ducting experiments.
Estimation of the barrier layer thickness in the Indian Ocean using Aquarius Salinity
Authors: Felton Clifford S. , Subrahmanyam Bulusu , Murty V. S. N. , Shriver Jay F. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMonthly barrier layer thickness (BLT) estimates are derived from satellite measurements using a multilinear regression model (MRM) within the Indian Ocean. Sea surface salinity (SSS) from the recently launched Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Aquarius SAC‐D salinity missions are utilized to estimate the BLT. The MRM relates BLT to sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface temperature (SST), and sea surface height anomalies (SSHA). Three regions where the BLT variability is most rigorous are selected to evaluate the performance of the MRM for 2012; the Southeast Arabian Sea (SEAS), Bay of Bengal (BoB), and Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO). The MRM derived BLT estimates are compared to gridded Argo and Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) BLTs. It is shown that different mechanisms are important for sustaining the BLT variability in each of the selected regions. Sensitivity tests show that SSS is the primary driver of the BLT within the MRM. Results suggest that salinity measurements obtained from Aquarius and SMOS can be useful for tracking and predicting the BLT in the Indian Ocean. Largest MRM errors occur along coastlines and near islands where land contamination skews the satellite SSS retrievals. The BLT evolution during 2012, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the current model are discussed. BLT estimations using HYCOM simulations display large errors that are related to model layer structure and the selected BLT methodology.
Annual bank and point bar morphodynamics of a meandering river determined by high‐accuracy multitemporal laser scanning and flow data
Authors: Lotsari E. , Vaaja M. , Flener C. , Kaartinen H. , Kukko A. , Kasvi E. , Hyyppä H. , Hyyppä J. , Alho P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe knowledge has been insufficient concerning the effects of peak flows, and local bend and flow characteristics on annual morphodynamics of consecutive bends in meandering rivers. Therefore, it was determined how flow peak magnitude and duration affect morphodynamics, how the short‐term spatial evolution of a given meander bend associates with the neighboring bends, and how local bend and flow characteristics affect morphodynamics. The annual bank and point bar morphodynamics of eight consecutive bends of a subarctic meandering river were analyzed between 2009 and 2012 on the basis of high‐accuracy multitemporal data, measured by mobile and terrestrial laser scanning and an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler. According to the results, multiple years of highly accurate data are crucial for a broader picture of meandering channel evolution. The results showed for the first time in detail that none of the years were similar in terms of point bar and bank morphodynamics. The duration of point bar submergence and maximum water stage was more important for evolution of the meandering channel than the local effects of each bend. The detailed topographical data of the present study confirmed that the higher the flow and water stage peak the more deposition occurred on point bars. More importantly, the independence of the short‐term spatial evolution of meander bends from the association with neighboring bends was confirmed. Erosion patterns did not relate particularly to the sinuosity or radius of curvature. A clear relation between velocity and bend curvature, on which some meander migration models rely, was not found.
Features of amplitude and Doppler frequency variation of ELF/VLF waves generated by “beat‐wave” HF heating at high latitudes
Authors: Tereshchenko E. D. , Shumilov O. I. , Kasatkina E. A. , Gomonov A. D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObservations of extremely low frequency (ELF, 3–3000 Hz) radio waves generated by a “beat‐wave” (BW) high frequency (~ 4.04–4.9 MHz) ionospheric heating are presented. ELF waves were registered with the ELF receiver located at Lovozero (68°N, 35°E), 660 km east from the European Incoherent Scatter Tromso heating facility (69.6°N, 19.2°E). Frequency shifts between the generated beat‐wave and received ELF waves were detected in all sessions. It is shown that the amplitudes of ELF waves depend on the auroral electrojet current strength. Our results showing a strong dependence of ELF signal intensities on the substorm development seem to support the conclusion that electrojet currents may affect the BW generation of ELF/VLF waves.
Spin crossover in Fe2SiO4 liquid at high pressure
Authors: Ramo David Muñoz , Stixrude Lars 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe combine spin‐polarized density functional theory with first principle molecular dynamics (FPMD) to study the spin crossover in liquid Fe2SiO4, up to 300 GPa and 6000 K. In contrast to the much sharper transition seen in crystals, we find that the high‐ to low‐spin transition occurs over a very broad pressure interval (>200 GPa) due to structural disorder in the liquid. We find excellent agreement with the experimental Hugoniot. We combine our results with previous FPMD calculations to derive the partial molar volumes of the oxide components MgO, FeO, and SiO2. We find that eutectic melts in the MgO‐FeO‐SiO2 system are denser than coexisting solids in the bottom 600 km of Earth's mantle.
Slip rates and spatially variable creep on faults of the northern San Andreas system inferred through Bayesian inversion of Global Positioning System data
Authors: Murray Jessica R. , Minson Sarah E. , Svarc Jerry L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFault creep, depending on its rate and spatial extent, is thought to reduce earthquake hazard by releasing tectonic strain aseismically. We use Bayesian inversion and a newly expanded GPS data set to infer the deep slip rates below assigned locking depths on the San Andreas, Maacama, and Bartlett Springs Faults of Northern California and, for the latter two, the spatially variable interseismic creep rate above the locking depth. We estimate deep slip rates of 21.5 ± 0.5, 13.1 ± 0.8, and 7.5 ± 0.7 mm/yr below 16 km, 9 km, and 13 km on the San Andreas, Maacama, and Bartlett Springs Faults, respectively. We infer that on average the Bartlett Springs fault creeps from the Earth's surface to 13 km depth, and below 5 km the creep rate approaches the deep slip rate. This implies that microseismicity may extend below the locking depth; however, we cannot rule out the presence of locked patches in the seismogenic zone that could generate moderate earthquakes. Our estimated Maacama creep rate, while comparable to the inferred deep slip rate at the Earth's surface, decreases with depth, implying a slip deficit exists. The Maacama deep slip rate estimate, 13.1 mm/yr, exceeds long‐term geologic slip rate estimates, perhaps due to distributed off‐fault strain or the presence of multiple active fault strands. While our creep rate estimates are relatively insensitive to choice of model locking depth, insufficient independent information regarding locking depths is a source of epistemic uncertainty that impacts deep slip rate estimates.
Global assessment of OMI aerosol single‐scattering albedo using ground‐based AERONET inversion
Authors: Jethva Hiren , Torres Omar , Ahn Changwoo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe compare the aerosol single‐scattering albedo (SSA) retrieved by the near‐UV two‐channel algorithm (OMAERUV) applied to the Aura/Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) measurements with an equivalent inversion made by the ground‐based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). A recent upgrade of the OMAERUV algorithm incorporates a modified carbonaceous aerosol model, a Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization‐based aerosol height climatology, and a robust aerosol‐type identification. This paper is the first comprehensive effort to globally compare the OMI‐retrieved SSA with that of AERONET using all available sites spanning the regions of biomass burning, dust, and urban pollution. An analysis of the colocated retrievals over 269 sites reveals that about 46% (69%) of OMI‐AERONET matchups agree within the absolute difference of ±0.03 (±0.05) for all aerosol types. The comparison improves to 52% (77%) when only “smoke” and “dust” aerosol types were identified by the OMAERUV algorithm. Regionally, the agreement between the two inversions was robust over the biomass burning sites of South America, Sahel, Indian subcontinent, and oceanic/coastal sites followed by a reasonable agreement over Northeast Asia. Over the desert regions, OMI tends to retrieve higher SSA, particularly over the Arabian Peninsula. Globally, the OMI‐AERONET matchups agree mostly within ±0.03 for the aerosol optical depth (440 nm) and UV‐aerosol index larger than 0.4 and 1.0, respectively. Possible sources of uncertainty in the OMI retrieval can be the subpixel cloud contamination, assumptions of the surface albedo, and spectral aerosol absorption. We expect further refinement in the OMAERUV algorithm which stands uniquely in characterizing aerosol absorption from space.