bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model‐Based Meta‐Analysis for Quantifying Paclitaxel Dose Response in Cancer Patients
Authors: Lu D , Joshi A , Li H , Zhang N , Ren MM , Gao Y , Wada R , Jin JY 
Published: May 2014

Model‐based meta‐analysis of dose response is a sophisticated method to guide dose and regimen selection. In this report, the effects of paclitaxel dose and regimen (weekly or every 3 weeks) on the efficacy and safety in cancer patients were quantified by model‐based meta‐analysis of 29 monotherapy trials. Logistic regression models were developed to assess the relationship between dose and objective response rate or neutropenia rate. Survival models were developed to assess the relationship between dose and overall survival or progression‐free survival. Paclitaxel efficacy (e.g., objective response rate, median overall survival, and progression‐free survival) is correlated with average dose per week (mg/m2/week), whereas safety (e.g., neutropenia rate) is correlated with dose per administration (mg/m2). Weekly paclitaxel regimen at 65–80 mg/m2 is supported to have comparable to better efficacy and lower neutropenia incidence than an every‐3‐week regimen at 175 mg/m2.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e115; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.14; published online 21 May 2014
The latitudinal species richness gradient in New World woody angiosperms is consistent with the tropical conservatism hypothesis
Authors: Kerkhoff Andrew J. , Moriarty Pamela E. , Weiser Michael D. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
The diversity of living things generally peaks in the tropics and declines toward the poles. This “latitudinal gradient” is Earth’s most prevalent biogeographic pattern, but biologists do not agree about its cause. Here, we use geographic and evolutionary data for over 12,500 species of woody flowering plants to test the “tropical conservatism hypothesis,” which attributes the phenomenal diversity of tropical environments to their large extent over the past 55 million years (My) and the evolutionary conservatism of environmental tolerances. As predicted, we find that transitions between tropical and temperate environments are quite rare over the evolutionary history and that most temperate lineages originated as Earth cooled over the past 34 My. Thus, the correlation between diversity and climate reflects plants’ evolutionary history.
Impact of scaffold rigidity on the design and evolution of an artificial Diels-Alderase
Authors: Preiswerk Nathalie , Beck Tobias , Schulz Jessica D. , Milovník Peter , Mayer Clemens , Siegel Justin B. , Baker David , Hilvert Donald 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Creating artificial enzymes that catalyze arbitrary chemical reactions is challenging. Although computational approaches to this problem hold great promise, starting designs typically exhibit low efficiency and require extensive optimization through directed evolution. In this study, we chronicle the evolution of a modestly active, computationally designed Diels-Alderase into a proficient biocatalyst for an abiological [4+2] cycloaddition reaction. Biochemical and structural characterization of the evolved enzyme reveals the molecular origins of its enhanced efficiency. The close match between the experimental structure, which changed only subtly over the course of evolution, and the original design model is particularly notable. In addition to enhancing our understanding of the principles of enzymatic catalysis, these findings should aid future efforts to produce active enzymes more reliably.
Linkage disequilibrium and signatures of positive selection around LINE-1 retrotransposons in the human genome
Authors: Kuhn Alexandre , Ong Yao Min , Cheng Ching-Yu , Wong Tien Yin , Quake Stephen R. , Burkholder William F. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons have been shown to mediate various regulatory effects and can affect the transcription of neighboring genes. Thus, novel insertions can potentially result in phenotypic differences that, in turn, could be acted on by selection. We found that a standard Illumina SNP array did not efficiently capture L1s, so that their phenotypic effects might have been missed by previous genome-wide association studies. However, we also found that using whole genome sequencing data, tag SNPs can be identified for a majority of L1s, which opens the way for SNP-based genetic association studies of L1 effects. Moreover, we detected common and unusually long haplotypes around several L1s, which suggests that these insertions might have undergone recent, positive selection in humans.
Construction and basic characterization of deletion mutants of the genes involved in chitin utilization by Serratia marcescens 2170
Authors: Takanao Shinya , Honma Syouta , Miura Takuma , Ogawa Chisana , Sugimoto Hayuki , Suzuki Kazushi , Watanabe Takeshi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In order to elucidate the roles of ChiP, ChiQ, and ChiX in chitin utilization by Serratia marcescens 2170, the construction of single-gene deletion mutants of the chiP, chiQ, and chiX genes was attempted by allelic exchange mutagenesis. ΔchiP formed smaller clearing zones and ΔchiX formed larger ones than wild-type 2170 on an agar plate containing colloidal chitin. ΔchiP grew slowly on the lower concentration of (GlcNAc)2, and there was essentially no growth on chitin oligosaccharides larger than (GlcNAc)3. The gene product of chiP was detected in the outer membrane fraction, consistently with the hypothesis that chiP encodes outer membrane chitoporin. Deletion of chiQ decreased and that of chiX increased the growth rates on chitin oligosaccharides. These observations strongly suggest that all three genes are involved in chitin utilization and that the deletion mutants obtained in this study might prove useful tools to clarify the details of the chitin utilization system of this bacterium.
The Far-Reaching Implications of the Laval Quartet: The Case of the UK Living Wage
Authors: Koukiadaki Aristea 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the Laval quartet1 called in question the diversity of labour law rules and industrial relations systems at national level and brought the issue of the interaction between economic freedoms and social rights in the European Union (EU) into political focus.2 While related to the question of labour standards in the case of posted workers, Rüffert has been used to question in some cases the more general issue of the application of Article 56 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) to the inclusion of social and environmental considerations in procurement. Against this context, the paper examines the implications of Rüffert for the UK Living Wage. While the UK government has relied on the CJEU case law to challenge the inclusion of living wage clauses in public procurement, there is evidence of significant consolidation and even further promotion of the Living Wage Campaign. This may be attributed to the concerted efforts of non-judicial actors to respond to the challenges to the campaign following Rüffert3 as well to recent developments in UK procurement law that provide for a more supportive reading of living wage clauses in public procurement.
First Report of Anthracnose of Onion Caused by Colletotrichum coccodes in Ohio
Authors: Baysal-Gurel F. , Subedi N. , Mamiro D. P. , Miller S. A. 
Published: May 2014

Dry bulb onion (Allium cepa L. cvs. Pulsar, Bradley, and Livingston) plants with symptoms of anthracnose were observed in three commercial fields totaling 76.5 ha in Huron Co., Ohio, in July 2013. Symptoms were oval leaf lesions and yellowing, curling, twisting, chlorosis, and death of leaves. Nearly half of the plants in a 32.8-ha field of the cv. Pulsar were symptomatic. Concentric rings of acervuli with salmon-colored conidial masses were observed in the lesions. Conidia were straight with tapered ends and 16 to 23 × 3 to 6 μm (2). Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) S. Hughes was regularly isolated from infected plants (2). Culturing diseased leaf tissue on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 30 ppm rifampicin and 100 ppm ampicillin at room temperature yielded white aerial mycelia and salmon-colored conidial masses in acervuli. Numerous spherical, black microsclerotia were produced on the surface of colonies after 10 to 14 days. To confirm pathogen identity, total DNA was extracted directly from a 7-day-old culture of isolate SAM30-13 grown on PDA, using the Wizard SV Genomic DNA Purification System (Promega, Madison, WI) following the manufacturer's instructions. The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified by PCR using the primer pair ITS1 and ITS4 (2), and sequenced. The sequence, deposited in GenBank (KF894404), was 99% identical to that of a C. coccodes isolate from Michigan (JQ682644) (1). Ten onion seedlings cv. Ebenezer White at the two- to three-leaf stage of growth were spray-inoculated with a conidial suspension (1 × 105 conidia/ml containing 0.01% Tween 20, with 10 ml applied/plant). Plants were maintained in a greenhouse (21 to 23°C) until symptoms appeared. Control plants were sprayed with sterilized water containing 0.01% Tween 20, and maintained in the same environment. After 30 days, sunken, oval lesions each with a salmon-colored center developed on the inoculated plants, and microscopic examination revealed the same pathogen morphology as the original isolates. C. coccodes was re-isolated consistently from leaf lesions. All non-inoculated control plants remained disease-free, and C. coccodes was not re-isolated from leaves of control plants. C. coccodes was reported infecting onions in the United States for the first time in Michigan in 2012 (1). This is the first report of anthracnose of onion caused by C. coccodes in Ohio. Unusually wet, warm conditions in Ohio in 2013 likely contributed to the outbreak of this disease. Timely fungicide applications will be necessary to manage this disease in affected areas. References: (1) A. K. Lees and A. J. Hilton. Plant Pathol. 52:3. 2003. (2) L. M. Rodriguez-Salamanca et al. Plant Dis. 96:769. 2012. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.
Effect of Using a Safety Checklist on Patient Complications after Surgery
Authors: Gillespie Brigid M. , Chaboyer Wendy , Thalib Lukman , John Melinda , Fairweather Nicole , Slater Kellee 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background:
Previous before-and-after studies indicate that the use of safety checklists in surgery reduces complication rates in patients.

Methods:
A systematic review of studies was undertaken using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Proquest, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies that evaluated the effects of checklist use in surgery on complication rates. Study quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies. The pooled risk ratio (RR) was estimated using both fixed and random effects models. For each outcome, the number needed to treat (NNT) and the absolute risk reduction (ARR) were also computed.

Results:
Of the 207 intervention studies identified, 7 representing 37,339 patients were included in meta-analyses, and all were cohort studies. Results indicated that the use of checklists in surgery compared with standard practice led to a reduction in any complication (RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.72; P < 0.0001; ARR, 3.7%; NNT, 27) and wound infection (RR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.72; P = 0.0001; ARR, 2.9%; NNT, 34) and also reduction in blood loss (RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.70; P = 0.0001; ARR, 3.8%; NNT, 33). There were no significant reductions in mortality (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.57 to 1.11; P = 0.191; ARR, 0.44%; NNT, 229), pneumonia (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.4; P = 0.857; ARR, 0.04%; NNT, 2,512), or unplanned return to operating room (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.02; P = 0.068; ARR, 0.52%; NNT, 192).

Conclusion:
Notwithstanding the lack of randomized controlled trials, synthesis of the existing body of evidence suggests a relationship between checklist use in surgery and fewer postoperative complications.
Optimal shape design of flux barriers in IPM synchronous motors using the phase field method
Authors: Seok Choi Jae , Yamada Takayuki , Izui Kazuhiro , Nishiwaki Shinji , Lim Heeseung , Yoo Jeonghoon 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present an optimization method for flux barrier designs in interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motors that aims to produce an advantageous sinusoidal flux density distribution in the air-gap.Design/methodology/approach– The optimization is based on the phase field method using an Allen-Cahn equation. This approach is a numerical technique for tracking diffuse interfaces like the level set method based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equation.Findings– The optimization results of IPM motor designs are highly dependent on the initial flux barrier shapes. The authors solve the optimization problem using two different initial shapes, and the optimized models show considerable reductions in torque pulsation and the higher harmonics of back-electromotive force.Originality/value– This paper presents the optimization method based on the phase field for the design of rotor flux barriers, and proposes a novel interpolation scheme of the magnetic reluctivity.
Model-free discrete control for robot manipulators using a fuzzy estimator
Authors: Mehdi Fateh Mohammad , Azargoshasb Siamak , Khorashadizadeh Saeed 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Discrete control of robot manipulators with uncertain model is the purpose of this paper.

Design/methodology/approach
– The proposed control design is model-free by employing an adaptive fuzzy estimator in the controller for the estimation of uncertainty as unknown function. An adaptive mechanism is proposed in order to overcome uncertainties. Parameters of the fuzzy estimator are adapted to minimize the estimation error using a gradient descent algorithm.

Findings
– The proposed model-free discrete control is robust against all uncertainties associated with the model of robotic system including the robot manipulator and actuators, and external disturbances. Stability analysis verifies the proposed control approach. Simulation results show its efficiency in the tracking control.

Originality/value
– A novel model-free discrete control approach for electrically driven robot manipulators is proposed. An adaptive fuzzy estimator is used in the controller to overcome uncertainties. The parameters of the estimator are regulated by a gradient descent algorithm. The most gradient descent algorithms have used a known cost function based on the tracking error for adaptation whereas the proposed gradient descent algorithm uses a cost function based on the uncertainty estimation error. Then, the uncertainty estimation error is calculated from the joint position error and its derivative using the closed-loop system.
Conformal antennas arrays radiation synthesis using immunity tactic
Authors: Ahmed Djennas Sidi , Benadda Belkacem , Merad Lotfi , Tarik Bendimerad Fethi 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to introduce to scientific community a new optimization technique and its application to the radiation synthesis case.

Design/methodology/approach
– The immunity tactic is a new powerful optimization tool inspired by immune system. It was used with success to achieve the conformal antenna radiation synthesis in an acceptable processing time.

Findings
– Radiation synthesis of conformal antenna arrays based on immunity tactic generates very good results compared with other optimization methods. The comparison is very satisfactory as regards accuracy and processing time.

Research limitations/implications
– The improvement of convergence and accuracy will be done certainly by use of other variants of the technique or combination with others.

Originality/value
– The paper exposes with details a new optimization technique based on immune system and its behavior. The results, for the special case of conformal antenna arrays radiation synthesis, are very satisfactory and very encouraging. The impact of the new technique will be, without doubt, positive on optimization field.
Adaptive unscented transform for uncertainty quantification in EMC large-scale systems
Authors: Ferber Moises , Vollaire Christian , Krähenbühl Laurent , Antônio Vasconcelos João 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel methodology for uncertainty quantification in large-scale systems. It is a non-intrusive approach based on the unscented transform (UT) but it requires far less simulations from a EM solver for certain models.

Design/methodology/approach
– The methodology of uncertainty propagation is carried out adaptively instead of considering all input variables. First, a ranking of input variables is determined and after a classical UT is applied successively considering each time one more input variable. The convergence is reached once the most important variables were considered.

Findings
– The adaptive UT can be an efficient alternative of uncertainty propagation for large dimensional systems.

Originality/value
– The classical UT is unfeasible for large-scale systems. This paper presents one new possibility to use this stochastic collocation method for systems with large number of input dimensions.
The association between drug dependence and drug possession charges
Authors: M. Kopak Albert , G. Hoffmann Norman 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to investigate the extent to which drug dependence was associated with the probability of being charged with drug possession compared to drug sales or other offenses.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were drawn from the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) II program which collected information from ten cities across the USA between April 1 and September 30, 2010. The sample was comprised of male arrestees between the ages of 18-65 who reported past drug use (n=2,193).

Findings
– Multinomial logistic regression results indicated the odds of being arrested for drug possession compared to other types of offenses increased by 12 percent for each additional symptom of drug dependence reported by arrestees (RRR=1.12, 95 percent CI=1.06-1.19). In contrast, drug dependence did not predict an increased probability of being charged with drug sales over other types of offenses or drug possession charges.

Practical implications
– This evidence suggests drug dependence was a preeminent factor in the likelihood arrestees were charged with drug possession. Criminal justice policies should prioritize dependence assessment and formulate individualized treatment plans to realize a significant reduction in the amount of possession cases processed through the system.

Originality/value
– There have been many empirically underdeveloped arguments calling for the decriminalization of drug possession, but none have considered the importance of drug dependence as a preeminent reason why offenders receive possession charges. This research provides a clear and concise illustration of why drug dependence needs to be acknowledged in policy-oriented discussions focused on the criminalization of drug possession.
Modeling detoxification treatment relationships: a longitudinal case study from Finland
Authors: Virta Anita , Tähtinen Jaana 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe an episodic detoxification treatment relationship as a complex dyadic interaction.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is inspired by a grounded theory approach. The first author worked in the field at a Finnish detoxification center in the autumn of 2007, 2008, and 2009. The resultant data have been analyzed thematically to form a process model.

Findings
– An empirically grounded process model consisting of four states; an initiation state, a fading state, a development state, and an ending state. Each state may include events enabling the process to progress and others that hinder it.

Originality/value
– By focussing on an under-studied view of relationships, as dyadic, mental and behavioral, and successful and failing, the model highlights the complexity of the treatment. Furthermore, the model can be used to allocate resources (time, work) to the process states in which they are most needed to aid the success of the relationship.
Analysis of natural convection in a square cavity with a thin partition for linearly heated side walls
Authors: Sathiyamoorthy M. , J. Chamkha Ali 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to optimize the heat transfer rate in square cavity by attaching fin at the bottom wall.

Design/methodology/approach
– The problem is formulated and solved using finite element method. Accuracy of the method is validated by comparisons with previously published work.

Findings
– It was found that attaching fin reduces heat transfer rate in the cavity.

Originality/value
– Although the problem is not very original it is important in that many applications have heating on adjacent walls.
Unsteady convective flow past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical porous plate with Newtonian heating and viscous dissipation
Authors: Rajesh V. , J. Chamkha Ali 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to consider unsteady free convection flow of a dissipative fluid past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical porous plate in the presence of Newtonian heating and mass diffusion.Design/methodology/approach– The problem is governed by coupled non-linear partial differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions. A Galerkin finite element numerical solution is developed to solve the resulting well-posed two-point boundary value problem. It is a powerful, stable technique which provides excellent convergence and versatility in accommodating coupled systems of ordinary and partial differential equations.Findings– It is found that the skin friction coefficient increases with increases in either of the Eckert number, thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof number or time whereas it decreases with increases in either of the suction parameter, Schmidt number or the acceleration parameter for both air and water. The skin friction coefficient is also found to decrease with increases in the values of the Prandtl number. In addition, it is found that the rate of heat transfer increases with an increase in the suction parameter and decreases with an increase in the Eckert number for both air and water. Lastly, it is found that the rate of heat transfer increases with increasing values of the Prandtl number and decreases with increasing time for all values of the Prandtl number.Research limitations/implications– The present study has considered only Newtonian fluids. Future studies will address non-Newtonian liquids.Practical implications– A very useful source of information for researchers on the subject of free convective flow over the surface when the rate of heat transfer from the surface is proportional to the local surface temperature.Originality/value– This paper is relatively original and illustrates the effects of viscous dissipation on free convective flow past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical porous plate with Newtonian heating and mass diffusion.