bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood transfusion during versus after cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with postoperative morbidity in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Redlin M , Boettcher W , Kukucka M , Kuppe H , Habazettl H 
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Cardiac surgery on neonates for the correction of congenital heart defects is usually associated with the transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) into the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit. We hypothesised that such transfusions of stored PRBCs directly into the arterial system may increase postoperative morbidity when compared to intravenous transfusion. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data from 122 consecutive neonates who received transfusions of PRBCs in the course of corrective surgery for congenital heart defects were analysed. Group assignment was according to the timing of the first transfusion: during CPB (On-CPB) or after weaning from CPB (Post-CPB). Chi Square and rank sum tests were applied to compare clinical characteristics. Times until extubation and release from the intensive care unit were analysed by Kaplan-Meier curves and by multivariate Cox regression. Results: Transfusion of PRBCs during CPB was associated with greater 48 hour blood loss (mean±standard deviation, 86±125 versus 32±16 mL/kg, p<0.001), longer duration of mechanical ventilation (214±268 versus 99±75 h, p<0.001) and longer stay on the intensive care unit (10.9±12.1 versus 5.3±3.5 days, p<0.001). However, the groups also differed in many characteristics, such as bodyweight, complexity of surgery or preoperative haemoglobin concentration, which may also affect outcome. Yet, multivariate analyses confirmed an independent association of transfusion On-CPB with an adverse clinical outcome. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the transfusion of PRBCs during CPB may increase postoperative morbidity. However, due to the limitations of this retrospective analysis, further studies are needed to confirm a causal relationship between the timing of the transfusion and the clinical outcome and to elucidate putative mechanisms of such an association.
Pirate Histories: Rethinking the Indian Film Archive
Authors: Tanvir Kuhu 
Published: January 2014

This article argues that despite their inherent illegality, forms of media piracy are an essential part of the memory of Bombay cinema. While Bombay cinema’s history is replete with its encounter with myriad pirate forms—cheaply published film dialogs and lyrics, locally produced posters, illegal music tapes, video cassettes, VCDs and DVDs—the activity of viewing, sharing, and storing cinematic objects sees a new order of proliferation online, leading to the creation of a network of private and indeed pirate archives of cinema. Built largely of illegal material (downloaded, ripped, and copied) and the “poor image” ( Steyerl, 2009 ), the pirate archive is at odds with the official state archive of cinema that is all too aware of its role in preserving the “heritage of Indian cinema.” The pirate archive unpacks the carefully constructed and preserved hierarchy of “meaningful cinema” by including more derided forms like porn and “trash,” bringing them into the fold of history. I argue that its illicit, often incomplete, sometimes erroneous and ephemeral material then poses a challenge to the state archive’s performance of stability and its attempt to control cinematic history.
Uncertainty and Ongoing Economic Turbulence
Authors: McCarthy Alma , Sheehan Maura 
Published: January 2014

The Problem The global financial crisis and uncertainty has the potential to significantly affect the human resource development (HRD) field in terms of investment levels in training and development; the nature, content, and focus of HRD interventions and programs; evaluation processes used to determine return on investment in HRD; and the role of HRD scholars and practitioners in assisting organizations to navigate such uncertain and turbulent economic environments. However, there is little to no debate about how HRD is responding to the crisis or how HRD scholars and practitioners can or should influence people management and development policy and practice during an era of ongoing economic turbulence. The Solution The current issue will address the gap that exists in our understanding of HRD during uncertain times. The issue draws together multi-level and multi-perspective insights into how HRD has responded to the uncertainty and ongoing economic turbulence. The papers are drawn from a range of different cultures and countries, across different levels of analysis, from the individual to the organization, to government and regulation. The methodologies used in the current issue papers are diverse and include quantitative, qualitative, integrative literature review, and an academic-practitioner reflection. The current issue sets out important implications for how HRD practitioners and researchers can assist the HRD field to respond to and shape organizational and government responses to the uncertainty and ongoing turbulence. The Stakeholders Scholars, practitioners, and policy makers interested in the human resource development field.
Investment in Training and Development in Times of Uncertainty
Authors: Sheehan Maura 
Published: January 2014

The Problem While there is some consensus in the economics literature that there is a negative association between uncertainty and investment in capital, whether this relationship applies to investment in human capital—in particular training and development (T&D)—undertaken by firms is not clear. The evidence about what has happened to T&D investment in the aftermath of the global financial and economic crisis of 2008 is very inconclusive. This article examines how uncertainty has affected overall, general, and firm-specific T&D post-2008. The Solution The analysis shows that T&D investment is highly sensitive to uncertainty, especially general T&D. Given the importance of T&D—especially general T&D for sustained competitive advantage—it is absolutely essential that investment is sustained, even in the presence of uncertainty. Viewing and treating T&D as an investment, rather than its current accountancy configuration, as an “expenditure,” can help to ensure T&D investment is maintained. Practitioners need to become more confident and competent in demonstrating that T&D is an investment, with the potential to generate significant returns for organizations, especially in relation to sustained competitive advantage. The Stakeholders The article will be of particular relevance to human-resource development, T&D practitioners, and employees, all of whom have to compete for scarce resources.
The Global Financial and Economic Crisis
Authors: MacKenzie Clíodhna , Garavan Thomas N. , Carbery Ronan 
Published: January 2014

The Problem The Global Financial and Economic Crisis1 starting in 2007 and its resultant impact has called into question the contribution of Human Resource Development (HRD) strategies and practices to the crisis. With its primary focus on the development of human resources, it could be argued that HRD aligned itself too closely with the strategic goals of organizations, often times profit centric, and failed to provide leaders with the skills, knowledge, and values required to question the decisions made by organizations in the pursuit of profit goals and the development of a culture of risk taking. The Solution Utilizing Cognitive Appraisal Theory (CAT), this article draws on the official reports and public inquiry hearings in the United States, United Kingdom, and Ireland into the financial crisis and finds that HRD strategies, practices, and processes are factors which may have contributed to a culture of excessive risk taking and ineffective decision making. We outline the implications for HRD theory and practice. The Stakeholders The research findings inform a multiplicity of stakeholders including organizational behaviorists, social psychologists, government bodies, educational organizations, and scholars researching strategic HRD in organizations.
A Review of Human Resource Development Trends and Practices in Australia
Authors: McGraw Peter 
Published: January 2014

The Problem The evolution of human resource development (HRD) practices in Australian-based organizations has been the focus of only limited rigorous longitudinal research. Consequently, HRD practitioners lack data on key trends against which to position their own initiatives. The Solution This article outlines, analyzes, and comments on the pattern of HRD from the mid-1990s to the present day with reference to economic turbulence and responses to it, especially since the beginning of the global financial crisis in 2007. The central themes of the review are the emergence of more “performance”-oriented approaches toward HRD assessment and evaluation, the HRD practices of multinational companies (MNCs) operating in Australia compared with locally owned organizations, and HRD practices within foreign owned MNCs from different home countries. Data for the article is drawn primarily from the analysis of three iterations of the Cranfield Network on International Human Resource Management (CRANET) Australia survey from the years 1996, 1999, and 2009. The Stakeholders Practical lessons are drawn from the review concerning the current focus on reactive, performance-oriented, short-term HRD practices and the neglect of more strategic long-term HRD initiatives. The results will be of interest to researchers, policymakers, and HR practitioners.
Bcl2 overexpression rescues the hematopoietic stem cell defects in Ku70-deficient mice by restoration of quiescence
Authors: Qing Yulan , Wang Zhengqi , Bunting Kevin D. , Gerson Stanton L. 
Published: January 2014

Key Points
Loss of Ku70 results in loss of HSC quiescence, which correlates with loss of HSC maintenance. Bcl2 overexpression rescues HSC defects in Ku70−/− mice by restoring quiescence, without restoration of DNA repair capacity.
How will B-cell-receptor–targeted therapies change future CLL therapy?
Authors: Jones Jeffrey A. , Byrd John C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFor many years there has been considerable disassociation between the understood biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and the therapeutics used to treat this disease. With the introduction of the first targeted CD20 antibody rituximab and its addition to chemotherapy came the first observation that minimal residual disease–negative (MRD-negative) complete responses (CRs) could be obtained with dramatically improved progression-free survival and overall survival. This advance was soon to be surpassed by the introduction of therapeutics that target B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling. New data show that BCR-inhibiting agents are very active for the treatment of relapsed CLL, despite the lack of MRD-negative CR, with durability of response being considerably more impressive than previously observed with other agents not producing MRD-negative CRs. This perspective provides a view of where these agents may take us in the future as CLL therapy evolves with this exciting new class of drugs.
Highly reinforced structure of a C-terminal dimerization domain in von Willebrand factor
Authors: Zhou Yan-Feng , Springer Timothy A. 
Published: January 2014

Key Points
C-terminal cystine knot monomers in VWF are highly elongated and form antiparallel dimers. Three disulfides across the dimer interface flanked by the cystine knots in each monomer form a highly force-resistant structure.
Selectins and their ligands are required for homing and engraftment of BCR-ABL1+ leukemic stem cells in the bone marrow niche
Authors: Krause Daniela S. , Lazarides Katherine , Lewis Juliana B. , von Andrian Ulrich H. , Van Etten Richard A. 
Published: January 2014

Key PointsIn a mouse model, BCR-ABL1+ leukemia stem cells are more dependent on selectins and their ligands for homing and engraftment than normal HSCs. Blockade of selectin-ligand interactions might prevent leukemic engraftment and relapse in autografted patients.
Exhaled breath condensate in intubated neonates- a window into the lung’s glutathione status
Authors: Rosso Maria I , Roark Susan , Taylor Esther , Ping XiaoDu , Ward Janine M , Roche Katherine , McCracken Courtney , Brown Lou Ann S , Gauthier Theresa W 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Analysis of exhaled breath condensates (EBC) is a non-invasive technique to evaluate biomarkers such as antioxidants in the pediatric population, but limited data exists of its use in intubated patients, particularly newborns. Currently, tracheal aspirate (TA) serves as the gold standard collection modality in critically ill newborns, but this method remains invasive. We tested the hypothesis that glutathione status would positively correlate between EBC and TA collections in intubated newborns in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU). We also hypothesized that these measurements would be associated with alveolar macrophage (AM) glutathione status in the newborn lung.

Methods
Reduced glutathione (rGSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and total GSH (rGSH + (2 X GSSG)) were measured in sequential EBC and TA samples from 26 intubated newborns via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, AM glutathione was evaluated via immunofluorescence. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and associated 95% confidence intervals were used to quantify the associations between raw and urea-corrected concentrations in EBC and TA samples and AM staining. Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05 using two-tailed tests. The sample size was projected to allow for a correlation coefficient of 0.5, with 0.8 power and alpha of 0.05.

Results
EBC was obtainable from intubated newborns without adverse clinical events. EBC samples demonstrated moderate to strong positive correlations with TA samples in terms of rGSH, GSSG and total GSH. Positive correlations between the two sampling sites were observed in both raw and urea-corrected concentrations of rGSH, GSSG and total GSH. AM glutathione staining moderately correlated with GSSG and total GSH status in both the TA and EBC.

Conclusions
GSH status in EBC samples of intubated newborns significantly correlated with the GSH status of the TA sample and was reflective of cellular GSH status in this cohort of neonatal patients. Non-invasive EBC sampling of intubated newborns holds promise for monitoring antioxidant status such as GSH in the premature lung. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the potential relationships between EBC biomarkers in the intubated premature newborn and respiratory morbidities.
Identification and characterization of miRNAome in root, stem, leaf and tuber developmental stages of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Lakhotia Nisha , Joshi Gopal , Bhardwaj Ankur R , Katiyar-Agarwal Surekha , Agarwal Manu , Jagannath Arun , Goel Shailendra , Kumar Amar 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ubiquitous components of endogenous plant transcriptome. miRNAs are small, single-stranded and ~21 nt long RNAs which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are known to play essential roles in various aspects of plant development and growth. Previously, a number of miRNAs have been identified in potato through in silico analysis and deep sequencing approach. However, identification of miRNAs through deep sequencing approach was limited to a few tissue types and developmental stages. This study reports the identification and characterization of potato miRNAs in three different vegetative tissues and four stages of tuber development by high throughput sequencing.

Results
Small RNA libraries were constructed from leaf, stem, root and four early developmental stages of tuberization and subjected to deep sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis. A total of 89 conserved miRNAs (belonging to 33 families), 147 potato-specific miRNAs (with star sequence) and 112 candidate potato-specific miRNAs (without star sequence) were identified. The digital expression profiling based on TPM (Transcripts Per Million) and qRT-PCR analysis of conserved and potato-specific miRNAs revealed that some of the miRNAs showed tissue specific expression (leaf, stem and root) while a few demonstrated tuberization stage-specific expressions. Targets were predicted for identified conserved and potato-specific miRNAs, and predicted targets of four conserved miRNAs, miR160, miR164, miR172 and miR171, which are ARF16 (Auxin Response Factor 16), NAM (NO APICAL MERISTEM), RAP1 (Relative to APETALA2 1) and HAM (HAIRY MERISTEM) respectively, were experimentally validated using 5′ RLM-RACE (RNA ligase mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends). Gene ontology (GO) analysis for potato-specific miRNAs was also performed to predict their potential biological functions.

Conclusions
We report a comprehensive study of potato miRNAs at genome-wide level by high-throughput sequencing and demonstrate that these miRNAs have tissue and/or developmental stage-specific expression profile. Also, predicted targets of conserved miRNAs were experimentally confirmed for the first time in potato. Our findings indicate the existence of extensive and complex small RNA population in this crop and suggest their important role in pathways involved in diverse biological processes, including tuber development.
Whole genome comparison between table and wine grapes reveals a comprehensive catalog of structural variants
Authors: Di Genova Alex , Almeida Andrea Miyasaka , Muñoz-Espinoza Claudia , Vizoso Paula , Travisany Dante , Moraga Carol , Pinto Manuel , Hinrichsen Patricio , Orellana Ariel , Maass Alejandro 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundGrapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) is the most important Mediterranean fruit crop, used to produce both wine and spirits as well as table grape and raisins. Wine and table grape cultivars represent two divergent germplasm pools with different origins and domestication history, as well as differential characteristics for berry size, cluster architecture and berry chemical profile, among others. ‘Sultanina’ plays a pivotal role in modern table grape breeding providing the main source of seedlessness. This cultivar is also one of the most planted for fresh consumption and raisins production. Given its importance, we sequenced it and implemented a novel strategy for thede novoassembly of its highly heterozygous genome.ResultsOur approach produced a draft genome of 466 Mb, recovering 82% of the genes present in the grapevine reference genome; in addition, we identified 240 novel genes. A large number of structural variants and SNPs were identified. Among them, 45 (21 SNPs and 24 INDELs) were experimentally confirmed in ‘Sultanina’ and six SNPs in other 23 table grape varieties. Transposable elements corresponded toca.80% of the repetitive sequences involved in structural variants and more than 2,000 genes were affected in their structure by these variants. Some of these genes are likely involved in embryo development, suggesting that they may contribute to seedlessness, a key trait for table grapes.ConclusionsThis work produced the first structural variants and SNPs catalog for grapevine, constituting a novel and very powerful tool for genomic studies in this key fruit crop, particularly useful to support marker assisted breeding in table grapes.
Identification and characterization of CBL and CIPK gene families in canola (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Zhang Hanfeng , Yang Bo , Liu Wu-Zhen , Li Hongwei , Wang Lei , Wang Boya , Deng Min , Liang Wanwan , Deyholos Michael K , Jiang Yuan-Qing 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Canola (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oil-producing crops in China and worldwide. The yield and quality of canola is frequently threatened by environmental stresses including drought, cold and high salinity. Calcium is a ubiquitous intracellular secondary messenger in plants. Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) are Ca2+ sensors and regulate a group of Ser/Thr protein kinases called CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). Although the CBL-CIPK network has been demonstrated to play crucial roles in plant development and responses to various environmental stresses in Arabidopsis, little is known about their function in canola.

Results
In the present study, we identified seven CBL and 23 CIPK genes from canola by database mining and cloning of cDNA sequences of six CBLs and 17 CIPKs. Phylogenetic analysis of CBL and CIPK gene families across a variety of species suggested genome duplication and diversification. The subcellular localization of three BnaCBLs and two BnaCIPKs were determined using green fluorescence protein (GFP) as the reporter. We also demonstrated interactions between six BnaCBLs and 17 BnaCIPKs using yeast two-hybrid assay, and a subset of interactions were further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Furthermore, the expression levels of six selected BnaCBL and 12 BnaCIPK genes in response to salt, drought, cold, heat, ABA, methyl viologen (MV) and low potassium were examined by quantitative RT-PCR and these CBL or CIPK genes were found to respond to multiple stimuli, suggesting that the canola CBL-CIPK network may be a point of convergence for several different signaling pathways. We also performed a comparison of interaction patterns and expression profiles of CBL and CIPK in Arabidospsis, canola and rice, to examine the differences between orthologs, highlighting the importance of studying CBL-CIPK in canola as a prerequisite for improvement of this crop.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that CBL and CIPK family members may form a dynamic complex to respond to different abiotic or hormone signaling. Our comparative analyses of the CBL-CIPK network between canola, Arabidopsis and rice highlight functional differences and the necessity to study CBL-CIPK gene functions in canola. Our data constitute a valuable resource for CBL and CPK genomics.