bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the extent and persistence of major crisis events in the crude oil market and economy: evidence from the past 30 years
Authors: Zhang Qi , Hu Yi , Jiao Jianbin , Wang Shouyang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the extent and persistence of major crisis events in the crude oil market and economy and searches for general rules of event impact. Although the short-term effects of such crises may quickly become evident, their long-term implications can be challenging to uncover. To this end, we analyzed 50 major crisis events across four categories using a Proxy structural vector autoregressive (Proxy-SVAR) model. The results show that these events substantially impacted crude oil production, world crude oil prices, and inflation in China and the United States. Generally speaking, major crisis events have a more severe impact on the crude oil market, but their impact on the economy lasts longer. Notably, geopolitical conflicts have led to a sharp decline in S&P500, resulting in a simultaneous reduction in the industrial production indices of the world, China, and the US. Among the different types of crises, the financial crisis had the most prolonged impact, persisting for approximately four years. The public health emergency represented by COVID-19 resulted in a decline in actual oil prices, with its impact on the oil market continuing for over three years. Considering our findings, we suggest four policy measures to enhance economic resilience.
Insidious racism and institutional constraints: evidence from national and local case studies in the United States
Authors: Roberson Kendrick B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in educational and institutional strategies to limit or eradicate contemporary forms of racism in the United States. They have generally accepted that most people in the modern-day United States do not actually want to be racist, but the various legacies of oppression live on through American institutions, promote unconscious biases, and manifest in unintentionally racist behaviors. However, previous research has largely overlooked the interactive relationship specifically between insidious racists, and the institutions meant to limit and punish their intentional behavior. Insidious racists are conscious of their racist beliefs, they engage in intentional acts of racism, and yet, they hold value in not being deemed racist by American society. In this article I develop a framework of the varying institutional constraints associated with addressing insidious racism. I then deploy this framework on national and local case studies to highlight the contribution of this work. The national case study analyzes the institutional constraints that allowed for loan officers to engage in racist actions leading up to the Great Recession. The local case study analyzes institutional constraints that led to the deviant behavior and racist redistricting efforts coordinated by members of the Los Angeles City Council. Taken together, I show that institutional design and administrator ideologies determine the levels of insidious racism prevalent in a given institution.
Domain wall and magnetic tunnel junction hybrid for on-chip learning in UNet architecture
Authors: Vadde Venkatesh , Muralidharan Bhaskaran , Sharma Abhishek 
Published: July 2024

We present a spintronic device based hardware implementation of UNet for segmentation tasks. Our approach involves designing hardware for convolution, deconvolution, rectified activation function (ReLU), and max pooling layers of the UNet architecture. We designed the convolution and deconvolution layers of the network using the synaptic behavior of the domain wall MTJ. We also construct the ReLU and max pooling functions of the network utilizing the spin hall driven orthogonal current injected MTJ. To incorporate the diverse physics of spin-transport, magnetization dynamics, and CMOS elements in our UNet design, we employ a hybrid simulation setup that couples micromagnetic simulation, non-equilibrium Green’s function, and SPICE simulation along with network implementation. We evaluate our UNet design on the CamVid dataset and achieve segmentation accuracies of 83.71% on test data, on par with the software implementation with 821 mJ of energy consumption for on-chip training over 150 epochs. We further demonstrate nearly one order of magnitude (10×) improvement in the energy requirement of the network using unstable ferromagnet (Δ = 4.58) over the stable ferromagnet (Δ = 45) based ReLU and max pooling functions while maintaining similar accuracy. The hybrid architecture comprising domain wall MTJ and unstable FM-based MTJ leads to an on-chip energy consumption of 85.79 mJ during training, with a testing energy cost of 1.55 µJ.
Practice pharmacists in the primary healthcare team in Aotearoa New Zealand: a national survey
Authors: McDonald Janet , Morris Caroline , Officer Tara N. , Cumming Jacqueline , Kennedy Jonathan , Russell Lynne , McKinlay Eileen , Jeffreys Mona 
Published: July 2024

Introduction The integration of pharmacists into general practice settings is increasingly common internationally. Within Aotearoa New Zealand, the role has evolved variably in different regions. Recent health policy and professional guidance support further development. Aim To describe the current status of pharmacists working in primary healthcare settings other than community pharmacy. Methods An online survey of all pharmacists in Aotearoa New Zealand primary healthcare settings was conducted in 2022, and covered employment, current services, patient consultations, relationships with other health professionals, and service costs and benefits. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. Results Responses from 39 pharmacists (~35% response rate) working in primary healthcare practice roles are reported. Most were female (84%), New Zealand European (81%), and 45% had <5 years’ experience in this setting. The most common service provided was responding to medicines information queries from other health professionals (87%). Most also offered one or more medicines management services: medicines use review (44%), medicines therapy assessment (62%), and medicines optimisation (69%). One-third were prescribing or repeat prescribing pharmacists; non-prescribers expressed strong interest in future prescribing roles. Most (86%) undertook patient consultations with varied capacity to do more. Key perceived benefits for patients included improved health outcomes and medicines understanding; benefits for the health services included supporting the workloads of busy primary healthcare staff. Discussion Practice pharmacists have both patient- and practice-facing roles. The proportion with a prescribing qualification has increased over time. There is some capacity for additional consultations, but this requires funding, space and time spent in a service/setting.
The discursive manifestation of normativities in coming-out-to-family
discourses in Japanese social media
Authors: Saito Junko 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the discursive manifestation of
normativities and participants’ orientation to them for identity work in
coming-out-to-family discourses in Japanese YouTube videoclips posted by
self-identified gay men. The study focuses on how the participants – the
YouTubers and their family members – use discourses of normativity as a resource
to illegitimize and legitimize sexual identities. It also touches on the
conceptualization of homonormativity in the Japanese context. The analysis
suggests that in societies like that of Japan, where heteronormative ideals are
deeply entrenched in the culture, homonormativity may not be fully
conceptualized at the level of local gay male communities, while the dominant
heterosexual community, conversely, may have a clear vision of homonormativity
for these individuals. It thus further considers the viewpoints that shape
normativities for marginalized social groups.
The impact of owner personality traits and cat lifestyle decisions on cat-related guilt
Authors: Kogan Lori R. , Currin-McCulloch Jennifer , Packman Wendy , Bussolari Cori 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction: The current study aimed to expand current knowledge on cat-related guilt beyond work cat conflict and guilt about cat parenting to determine the influence of owner’s personality traits, choices regarding their cat’s lifestyle, and cat-related guilt factors. Additionally, we sought to assess potential predictors of anxiety and depression to determine the contributions of cat-related guilt, owner personality traits, and social compensatory behaviors, while controlling for owner demographics. Methods: An online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey was disseminated between October 18 and 28, 2023. Survey respondents (n = 531) were adults who resided in the United States and were the primary caretakers of a cat they had owned for at least 6 months. Descriptive statistics captured cat owner demographics. Multiple linear regression was used to predict guilt about cat parenting, work cat conflict, anxiety, and depression. Results: Significant predictors of guilt about cat parenting included guilt factors, time away, indoor, and attention. Significant predictors of work cat conflict included gender and cat guilt factors, time away, and attention. Work cat conflict and personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) significantly predicted depression scores. Lastly, anxiety scores were significantly predicted by work cat conflict, neuroticism, and social compensatory behaviors. Discussion: Findings from this study extend understanding of cat owner’s guilt and illuminate how their personality traits, compensatory behaviors, and lifestyle choices for their pets influence how they perceive and internalize feelings about their cat parenting practices. The nuanced nature of parenting guilt receives limited social recognition, leaving owners isolated in their disenfranchised guilt which significantly influences feelings of anxiety and depression. Our findings underscore the imperative for research and public education about beneficial ways to integrate social contact and enrichment activities to foster both human and animal wellbeing.
Reconstructing the shape and material parameters of dissipative obstacles using an impedance model
Authors: Askham Travis , Borges Carlos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In inverse scattering problems, a model that allows for the simultaneous recovery of both the domain shape and an impedance boundary condition covers a wide range of problems with impenetrable domains, including recovering the shape of sound-hard and sound-soft obstacles and obstacles with thin coatings. This work develops an optimization framework for recovering the shape and material parameters of a penetrable, dissipative obstacle in the multifrequency setting, using a constrained class of curvature-dependent impedance function models proposed by Antoine et al (2001 Asymptotic Anal.
26 257–83). We find that in certain regimes this constrained model improves the robustness of the recovery problem, compared to more general models, and provides meaningfully better obstacle recovery than simpler models. We explore the effectiveness of the model for varying levels of dissipation, for noise-corrupted data, and for limited aperture data in the numerical examples.
Cellular response to plasma-generated electrical and chemical stimulation of equal electricity
Authors: Nakayama Airi , Liu Siwei , Yano Ken-ichi , Nakajima Tomoki , Sato Takehiko 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Plasma medicine is a novel field of research that has the potential in life sciences, including cancer treatment. It has been believed that all of these potential applications depend on the chemical factor of the plasma. However, the electrical factors that are produced simultaneously with the chemical factors have not been researched thoroughly. To assess the effect of plasma on the response of cells, a system that enables simultaneous comparison of the effects of chemical and electrical factors of plasma with equal electricity was invented. This system separates the polarity of plasma and isolates the chemical species from the electric stimulation. Using this system, HT-1080 cells were exposed to plasma for 10 min, 1 h, and 24 h. The 10 min plasma treatment showed a clear difference in the polarity of plasma, where cells under exposure to positive plasma died while cells in other conditions survived. An hour of plasma treatment affected the cells under the negative plasma, where the cell viability was reduced to half. Meanwhile, the electric stimulation did not affect the cell viability but did alter the cell membrane. Collectively, this study demonstrates the differential effects of three factors (electric factor, positive plasma, negative plasma) under the same condition: both the electrical and chemical effects of plasma-generated stimuli with equal amounts of electricity were successfully observed.
Cylindrical Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation for ion acoustic waves with double spectral indices distributed electrons
Authors: Tufail Nimra , washa Gul , Ullah Shakir , Wahab Muhammad Ali Hussein Abdul , Affan Hira , Rekik Najeh , Farooq Umer 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study theoretically and numerically the nonlinear propagation of ion acoustic waves (IAWs) in plasma. The electrostatic potential in electron-ion (e-i) plasma is mimicked by the cylindrical Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation using the traditional reductive perturbation approach. By applying the direct integration technique, the soliton solution is obtained. The results of simulations carried out numerically show that the amplitude as well as width of the soliton solution are significantly influenced by the plasma parameters. The exploration of IAWs propagation in laboratory as well as space plasmas may benefit from the current work.
Reprogrammable metasurface design for NIR beam steering and active filtering
Authors: Hajian Hodjat , Proffit Matthieu , Ozbay Ekmel , Landais Pascal , Bradley A Louise 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Reprogrammable metasurfaces enable active modulation of light at subwavelength scales. Operating in the microwave, terahertz, and mid-infrared ranges, these metasurfaces find applications in communications, sensing, and imaging. Electrically tunable metasurfaces operating in the near-infrared (NIR) range are crucial for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications. Achieving a NIR reprogrammable metasurface requires individual gating of nano-antennas, emphasizing effective heat management to preserve device performance. To this end, here we propose an electrically tunable Au–vanadium dioxide (VO2) metasurface design on top of a one-dimensional Si–Al2O3 photonic crystal (PC), positioned on a SiC substrate. Each individual Au–VO2 nano-antenna is switched from an Off to ON state via Joule heating, enabling the programming of the metasurface using 1-bit (binary) control. While operating as a nearly perfect reflector at

λ
0

=
1.55

μ

m

, the materials, thickness, and number of the layers in the PC are carefully chosen to ensure it acts as a thermal metamaterial. Moreover, with high optical efficiency (R ∼ 40% at

λ
0

), appropriate thermal performance, and feasibility, the metasurface also enables broadband programmable beam steering in the

1.4
−
1.7

μ

m

range for a wide steering angle range. This metasurface design also offers active control over NIR light transmittance, reflectance and absorptance in the wavelength range of

0.75
−
3

μ

m

. These characteristics render the device practical for LiDAR and active filtering.
Vertically stacked van der Waals heterostructures for three-dimensional circuitry elements
Authors: Miao Jinshui , Fang Yueyue , Jiang Yu , Long Siyu , Dong Yi , Kang Mengyang , Li Tangxin , Wang Jinjin , Fu Xiao , Sun Hui , Wang Hailu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have been actively explored for electronic device applications because of their ability to form van der Waals heterostructures with unique electronic properties. Vertical integration of atomically thin 2D materials can enable the design of a three-dimensional (3D) circuit which is a promising pathway to continuously increase device density. In this study, we vertically stack 2D materials, such as graphene (Gr), MoS2, and black phosphorus (BP) to build transistors, heterostructure p–n diodes, and 3D logic circuits. The vertical transistors built from MoS2 or BP semiconductor exhibit a good on-off ratio of up to 103 and a high current density of ∼200 Acm−2 at a very small V
DS of 50 mV. The Gr/BP/MoS2 vertical heterostructure p–n diodes show a high gate-tunable rectification ratio of 102. Finally, we have demonstrated a 3D CMOS inverter by vertical integration of Gr, BP (p-channel), Gr, MoS2 (n-channel), and a 50-nm-thick gold film in sequence. The ability to vertically stack 2D layered materials by van der Waals interactions offers an alternative way to design future 3D integrated circuits.
Evaluation of cartilage properties from NIR diffuse reflectance spectra: numerical simulation
Authors: Rovnyagina Nataliya , Davydov Denis , Lazarev Vladimir , Lychagin Alexey , Timashev Peter , Budylin Gleb , Shirshin Evgeny 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Diseased conditions of articular cartilage such as osteoarthritis (OA) are accompanied by a change in the water concentration, together with a decrease in cartilage thickness. These parameters are important indicators of the normal joint functioning. Light scattering in a heterogeneous joint tissue is a complex process and it is important to supplement its study with understanding gained from modelling. In this work we employed Monte Carlo for analysis of the relationship between changes in cartilage parameters and calculated diffuse reflectance spectra. It has been shown that water absorption peak at 980 nm is determined by both water content and cartilage thickness, while changes in diffuse reflectance spectra at 1450 nm are mostly driven only by water content. Since independent assessment of these parameters is clinically relevant, several approaches for their determination were developed. A heuristic algorithm for cartilage thickness determination and its quality metrics (R
2 = 0.96) were obtained. Several regression models were developed using the amplitudes of diffuse reflectance spectra at different wavelengths and it was shown that the use of a wide range of wavelengths (850–1700 nm) allows to determine the cartilage water concentration and its thickness with the accuracy R
2 0.96 and 0.99 while measuring at different probe-detector distances.
Effect of monolayer ratio on single-shot all-optical switching in Gd/Fe multilayers
Authors: Jiang Caijian , Liu Donglin , Song Xinyu , Tan Suiyan , Xu Chudong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ultrafast thermally induced magnetization switching (TIMS) with femtosecond lasers has attracted much attention due to its ability to trigger a single switching on the picosecond time scale. Currently, most of the studies on TIMS have focused on various ferrimagnetic alloys. In this paper, TIMS of Gd/Fe multilayers in different monolayer ratios is investigated by atomic spin dynamics. The results show that an increase in the monolayer Gd ratio narrows the energy density window of the switching. Further studies found that a lower damping ratio decreases the laser energy density threshold for magnetization reversal. Moreover, reducing the ratio of Gd in the monolayer at the appropriate energy density can shorten the duration of the transient ferromagnetic-like state, which can lead to faster realization of TIMS. Our simulation results provide new insights to explore the physical mechanism of TIMS in Gd/Fe multilayers.
Design optimization of wide-gate swing E-mode GaN HEMTs with junction barrier Schottky gate
Authors: Tian Kuiyuan , Zhao Yapeng , Du Jiangfeng , Yu Qi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To increase the gate swing, a GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistor with a junction barrier Schottky gate (JBS-HEMT) was proposed. Compared to conventional p-GaN Schottky gate HEMTs (Conv-HEMT), the high electric field at the surface is transferred to the pn junction inside the body, and the extended depletion region of the pn junction shields the surface Schottky contact interface for the JBS-HEMT. After fitting the model to the reported device, the proposed JBS-HEMT was simulated and optimized using the Sentaurus TCAD tool. The simulation results of the optimized JBS-HEMT demonstrate a high gate breakdown voltage (17.6 V), which is 158.5% higher than the gate breakdown voltage of the Conv-HEMT (11.1 V) and a lower gate leakage current of six orders of magnitude than the Conv-HEMT at the gate-to-source voltage of 10 V. The proposed JBS-HEMT exhibits a positive threshold voltage (1.68 V) and excellent threshold voltage stability, and the maximum threshold voltage drift of the JBS-HEMT (+0.237 V) is smaller than that of the Conv-HEMT (−0.714 V) under gate stress conditions. The peak transconductance of the JBS-HEMT (186 mS mm−1) at athe drain-to-source voltage of 10 V showed almost no reduction compared to the Conv-HEMT (189 mS mm−1), which solves the problem of decreased transconductance capability of the reported GaN HEMT with a p-n junction gate (PNJ-HEMT). It was confirmed that the JBS-HEMT has excellent gate stability and potential for power electronics applications.
Hybrid simulation of a capacitive Ar/SiH4 discharge driven by electrically asymmetric voltage waveforms
Authors: Zhang Yi-Fan , Dong Wan , Jia Wen-Zhu , Song Yuan-Hong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Voltage waveforms associated with the electrical asymmetry effect (EAE) have the potential to be used in the deposition of the silicon-based film, since they are expected to decouple ion energy and flux at the wafer surface, and further facilitate control of the process. In this study, a one-dimensional fluid/electron Monte Carlo hybrid model is employed to examine the EAE in a capacitively coupled argon-silane discharge, encompassing both amplitude asymmetry effect (AAE) and slope asymmetry effect (SAE). In the case of AAE, with the increasing pressure, the discharge electronegativity gradually intensifies, in conjunction with a transition of the electron heating mode from α to drift-ambipolar, a reduction of the absolute value of the DC self-bias voltage, and a decrease in Ar+ content, with an increase in SiH3
+ content. For SAE, the trend in the discharge characteristics with the increasing pressure is similar to that for AAE, but the details are different. In SAE, the electronegativity and bulk electric field are much enhanced, resulting in higher content of high-energy electrons and Ar+ in the bulk. In addition, the absolute value of the self-bias is lower, but shows a fewer decline with the increasing pressure. The deposition rate is lower in SAE, due to the lower electron heating efficiency. However, larger voltage drop difference between two sheaths leads to a wider range of ion energy modulation at higher pressures. This study systematically investigates and compares Ar/SiH4 discharges driven by two electrically asymmetric voltage waveforms across various parameters including electron dynamics, ion and neutral transport properties, and deposition rates, with the aim of providing valuable insights and a reference for industrial applications.