bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in the survival of patients with recurrent versus de novo metastatic KRAS‐mutant and EGFR‐mutant lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Yu Helena A. , Sima Camelia S. , Hellmann Matthew D. , Naidoo Jarushka , Busby Natalie , Rodriguez Katherine , Riely Gregory J. , Kris Mark G. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDPrognostic variables are independently associated with survival and are fundamental to clinical trial design. In the current study, the authors evaluated the impact of stage of disease at the time of the initial diagnosis on overall survival (OS) in 2 independent, oncogene‐defined cohorts.METHODSAll patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutant and KRAS‐mutant metastatic lung adenocarcinomas were identified through routine molecular testing from January 2005 through January 2011. Clinical characteristics were obtained. OS from the date of diagnosis of recurrent or de novo metastatic disease was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method.RESULTSA total of 635 patients with KRAS‐mutant and 496 patients with EGFR‐mutant metastatic lung adenocarcinomas were identified. Among patients with KRAS‐mutant lung adenocarcinomas, those with de novo metastatic disease were found to have a shorter median OS compared with those with recurrent metastatic disease (13 months vs 18 months; P = .003). In a multivariable analysis of patients with KRAS‐mutant lung adenocarcinomas, de novo metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis (TNM stage IV vs stage I‐III: hazard ratio, 1.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.2‐1.8]; P<.001) was independently associated with shorter OS. In patients with EGFR‐mutant lung adenocarcinomas, after controlling for age and Karnofsky performance status, de novo metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis (stage IV vs stage I‐III: hazard ratio, 1.3 [95% confidence interval, 1.0‐1.7]; P = .03) was found to be independently associated with shorter OS.CONCLUSIONSAmong patients with KRAS‐mutant lung adenocarcinomas, stage of disease at diagnosis was associated with OS from the time of diagnosis of recurrent/metastatic disease. In multivariable analyses, in both patients with EGFR‐mutant and KRAS‐mutant lung adenocarcinomas, advanced stage at the time of diagnosis was found to be independently associated with shorter survival. Stage at diagnosis is a prognostic variable that should be accounted for in prospective studies in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinomas. Cancer 2015;121:2078–2082. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
An improved EDA for solving Steiner tree problem
Authors: Liu Lei , Wang Hua , Kong Guohong 
Published: March 2015

SummarySteiner tree problem and its derivations are widely employed to optimize the design of transportation, communication networks, biological engineering and the QoS multicast routing problem. It is one of well‐defined open issues which have attracted many research efforts. Different from the existing works, this paper develops a new method of solving Steiner tree problem by using the improved estimation of distribution algorithms (EDA). Further, the performance of developed method is validated by applying on multicast routing optimization. The developed method randomly initializes n trees which contain the source node and the destination nodes. And some individuals select the crossover operation randomly to add the population diversity and avoid the algorithm premature convergence. The algorithm constructs a probabilistic model according to the selected elites, which is capable of estimating the probability distribution of the solution. The probabilistic model is updated according to the new population. New trees are generated based on the probabilistic model. This process iterated until designated termination criteria are met. The improved EDA algorithm gradually evolves trees to obtain a better solution. Simulation validations suggest that the developed method leads to better performance. In particular, the complexity in terms of the converging speed improves significantly compared to other algorithms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy Landscape Exploration of Sub‐Nanometre Copper–Silver Clusters
Authors: Heard Christopher J. , Johnston Roy L. , Schön J. Christian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe energy landscapes of sub‐nanometre bimetallic coinage metal clusters are explored with the Threshold Algorithm coupled with the Birmingham Cluster Genetic Algorithm. Global and energetically low‐lying minima along with their permutational isomers are located for the Cu${_4 }$Ag${_4 }$ cluster with the Gupta potential and density functional theory (DFT). Statistical tools are employed to map the connectivity of the energy landscape and the growth of structural basins, while the thermodynamics of interconversion are probed, based on probability flows between minima. Asymmetric statistical weights are found for pathways across dividing states between stable geometries, while basin volumes are observed to grow independently of the depth of the minimum. The DFT landscape is found to exhibit significantly more frustration than that of the Gupta potential, including several open, pseudo‐planar geometries which are energetically competitive with the global minimum. The differences in local minima and their transition barriers between the two levels of theory indicate the importance of explicit electronic structure for even simple, closed shell clusters.
Mechanisms of Cardiac Pain
Authors: Foreman Robert D. , Garrett Kennon M. , Blair Robert W. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTAngina pectoris is cardiac pain that typically is manifested as referred pain to the chest and upper left arm. Atypical pain to describe localization of the perception, generally experienced more by women, is referred to the back, neck, and/or jaw. This article summarizes the neurophysiological and pharmacological mechanisms for referred cardiac pain. Spinal cardiac afferent fibers mediate typical anginal pain via pathways from the spinal cord to the thalamus and ultimately cerebral cortex. Spinal neurotransmission involves substance P, glutamate, and transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) receptors; release of neurokinins such as nuclear factor kappa b (NF‐kb) in the spinal cord can modulate neurotransmission. Vagal cardiac afferent fibers likely mediate atypical anginal pain and contribute to cardiac ischemia without accompanying pain via relays through the nucleus of the solitary tract and the C1‐C2 spinal segments. The psychological state of an individual can modulate cardiac nociception via pathways involving the amygdala. Descending pathways originating from nucleus raphe magnus and the pons also can modulate cardiac nociception. Sensory input from other visceral organs can mimic cardiac pain due to convergence of this input with cardiac input onto spinothalamic tract neurons. Reduction of converging nociceptive input from the gallbladder and gastrointestinal tract can diminish cardiac pain. Much work remains to be performed to discern the interactions among complex neural pathways that ultimately produce or do not produce the sensations associated with cardiac pain. © 2015 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol5:929‐960, 2015.
Stakeholder‐Centric Governance and Corporate Social Performance: A Cross‐National Study
Authors: Shahzad Ali M. , Rutherford Matthew A. , Sharfman Mark P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBecause prior research has largely adopted an agency theory perspective and focused extensive effort on examining shareholder‐centric corporate governance mechanisms and their outcomes for shareholders or select groups of stakeholders, relatively little work has focused on whether governance structures can maximize outcomes for all stakeholders. We adopt an integrated, stakeholder‐agency theory perspective to explore a set of corporate governance mechanisms that potentially can help firms generate greater engagement with a broad array of stakeholders. We test the relationship between stakeholder‐centric governance and corporate social performance using a sample of 342 firms in 24 countries over four years and find that certain corporate governance mechanisms can indeed be construed as ‘stakeholder‐centric’ as they positively impact corporate social performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Boundary Engineering for the Thermoelectric Performance of Bulk Alloys Based on Bismuth Telluride
Authors: Mun Hyeona , Choi Soon‐Mok , Lee Kyu Hyoung , Kim Sung Wng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThermoelectrics, which transports heat for refrigeration or converts heat into electricity directly, is a key technology for renewable energy harvesting and solid‐state refrigeration. Despite its importance, the widespread use of thermoelectric devices is constrained because of the low efficiency of thermoelectric bulk alloys. However, boundary engineering has been demonstrated as one of the most effective ways to enhance the thermoelectric performance of conventional thermoelectric materials such as Bi2Te3, PbTe, and SiGe alloys because their thermal and electronic transport properties can be manipulated separately by this approach. We review our recent progress on the enhancement of the thermoelectric figure of merit through boundary engineering together with the processing technologies for boundary engineering developed most recently using Bi2Te3‐based bulk alloys. A brief discussion of the principles and current status of boundary‐engineered bulk alloys for the enhancement of the thermoelectric figure of merit is presented. We focus mainly on (1) the reduction of the thermal conductivity by grain boundary engineering and (2) the reduction of thermal conductivity without deterioration of the electrical conductivity by phase boundary engineering. We also discuss the next potential approach using two boundary engineering strategies for a breakthrough in the area of bulk thermoelectric alloys.
Solving the mystery: the true prevalence of gestational diabetes in indigenous women
Authors: Saad Nathalie , Wilson Don , Donovan Lois E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis commentary briefly reviews what is currently known about estimating the prevalence of gestational diabetes in indigenous women. It offers insights into numerous factors likely playing a role in its observed variability. It also highlights important key concepts to consider in the overall evaluation and management of gestational diabetes in this particular population. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A content analytic comparison of fitspiration and thinspiration websites
Authors: Boepple Leah , Thompson J. Kevin 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjective“Pro‐ana” or Thinspiration websites are internet sites that support weight loss and eating disorders. Fitspiration websites are a newer type of site that supposedly advocates a fit and healthy lifestyle.MethodThe first 10 images from a sample of 50 Fitspiration and 50 Thinspiration websites, chosen using a standard internet search protocol, were rated on a variety of weight, eating, and appearance characteristics. χ2 analyses were conducted to compare website content.ResultsThinspiration sites featured more content related to losing weight or fat, praising thinness, showng a thin pose, and providing food guilt messages than Fitspiration sites. However, sites did not differ on guilt‐inducing messages regarding weight or the body, fat/weight stigmatization, the presence of objectifying phrases, and dieting/restraint messages. Overall, 88% of Thinspiration sites and 80% of Fitspiration sites contained one or more of the coded variables.DiscussionPrior research has examined Thinspiration websites and noted the potentially hazardous messages contained on these sites. This content analysis indicates that sites supposedly devoted to healthy pursuits (fitness) may also contain thematically similar content. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:98–101)
Cultural Imprints on Scientific Policy Advice: Climate science–policy interactions within Austrian neo‐corporatism
Authors: Hermann Andrea Tony , Pregernig Michael , Hogl Karl , Bauer Anja 
Published: March 2015

AbstractClimate policy is a prime example of the growing importance of expert advice. A plethora of advisory bodies and processes have emerged around the world to inform mitigation and adaptation policies. However, there are marked differences in the organization and practice of science–policy interactions in national contexts.Against this background, the article aims to provide an in‐depth account of the imprints of the peculiar Austrian neo‐corporatist culture on scientific advice in the new field of climate policy. Because scholars have observed a decline in the underlying Austrian political culture, we aim to clarify whether a hybridization of neo‐corporatist and pluralist advisory features can be found or to what extent neo‐corporatist advisory patterns still prevail in the new domain of climate policy. Our research draws on the approaches of ‘national styles of policy‐making’ and ‘civic epistemologies’ to develop an analytical framework. We briefly present the main features of Austrian climate policy before analyzing pertinent patterns of scientific advice. Our article particularly focuses on mapping the actors and organizational advisory formats, categorizing the selection criteria for researchers’ expertise, assessing the overall relevance of scientific knowledge and identifying dominant patterns of science–policy interactions. Overall, our analysis indicates that neo‐corporatist advisory features prevail in Austrian scientific climate policy advice. Only a limited extent of pluralist patterns and, therefore, a low degree of hybridization could be revealed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Toward the Synthesis of Muironolide A: Synthesis and Structure of Heteroleptic Lanthanide–Terpyridine Complexes with 2‐Oxo Amides
Authors: Young Kyle , Xiao Qing , Zakarian Armen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA lanthanide‐catalyzed intramolecular Diels–Alder (IMDA) reaction en route to the synthesis of muironolide A is described, along with detailed crystallographic structural studies of lanthanide complexes between β‐oxo amides and terpyridine. The X‐ray crystallographic studies are first examples of nonsymmetric heteroleptic complexes of lanthanides with β‐oxo carbonyl compounds, which reveal several structural properties that could be exploited in the development of catalytic reactions with lanthanides.
Tribenzotriquinacene‐Based Triscyclophanes: Intra‐ and Inter‐Wing C3v‐Symmetrical Extension of the Bowl‐Shaped Tribenzotriquinacene Core
Authors: Mughal Ehsan Ullah , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Li Zhi‐Min , Wei Jun , Kuck Dietmar , Cao Xiaoping 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe syntheses and structural properties of novel triscyclophanes that bear the rigid, bowl‐shaped tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) core are reported. Condensation of the 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexakis(chloromethyl) derivative with catechols and 1,2‐benzenedithiol gives rise to elongation of the three indane wings (intra‐wing extension), whereas incorporation of resorcinol, hydroquinone, and 1,3‐ and 1,4‐benzenedithiol units occurs by bridging the 3D bays of the TBTQ framework (inter‐wing extension), yielding TBTQ‐based cavitands. Constitutional and conformational details were studied by X‐ray diffraction, VT‐NMR spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. The bay‐bridged TBTQ‐based triscyclophanes bearing 1,3‐dioxy‐ and 1,3‐dithiophenylene units adopt globular and cone‐like C3‐symmetrical shapes, respectively, with limited conformational flexibility. Bay‐bridging by 1,4‐dioxy‐ and 1,4‐dithiophenylene units generates a more complanate coverage of the bowl face with even less conformational flexibility.
Biokinetics and metallothionein-like proteins response in oysters facing metal challenges in an estuary
Authors: Jin Yong , Wang Wen-Xiong 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

The discovery of colored oysters in an estuary in Southern China raised questions of how these oysters could survive in such an unpredictable estuary. In the present study, the authors conducted a transplant experiment using oysters Crassostrea hongkongensis in the estuary to quantify the changes of metal biokinetics (Cd and Zn) and the responses of metallothionein-like proteins. Oysters in the transplantation experiment accumulated extremely high concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn. The present study provided the field evidence of the time-course coupling relationship between Cd and Zn bioaccumulation. Over the 2-mo transplantation, the uptake rate constants of Cd and Zn varied greatly during the early stage of exposure but subsequently became comparable among the different locations. The dietary Zn assimilation remained relatively constant, whereas the Cd assimilation increased gradually with increasing period of exposure. No notable difference was seen in dietary metal assimilation among the different locations. In contrast, the efflux rates quantified by the end of transplantation were 26% to 42% higher for Cd and 12% to 37% higher for Zn than that in the unexposed oysters. The authors further demonstrated that the incoming Cu and Zn were not stored in metallothionein-like pools and that metallothionein-like proteins synthesis and breakdown were little affected by metal exposure. Overall, the authors' transplantation experiments suggested that oysters displayed a rather weak ability to modify their biokinetics and metallothionein turnover under metal exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1818–1825. © 2015 SETAC
Evaluator Certification and Credentialing Revisited: A Survey of American Evaluation Association Members in the United States
Authors: Seidling Michelle Baron 
Published: March 2015

AbstractConversations over the past few years have included issues of evaluator skills and experience that are vital to the field of evaluation. Many professions administer certification or credentialing programs to ensure quality work, enhance professionalism in the field, and increase marketability for its members. Is the evaluation field ready for such an endeavor? In this chapter are the results of a survey of American Evaluation Association members within the United States regarding the feasibility, need, and potential for certification or credentialing in the future. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Molecular targeting in combination with platinum‐based chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer treatment
Authors: Möckelmann Nikolaus , Kriegs Malte , Lörincz Balazs B. , Busch Chia‐Jung , Knecht Rainald 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundSignificant evidence exists supporting the use of platinum‐based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) as a primary curative approach in locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer (HNSCC). Despite these aggressive protocols, 70% of patients die within 5 years because of locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis. To increase the response and survival of patients with HNSCC, CRT has been combined with molecular agents targeting distinct kinases.MethodsThis study was performed using a systematic literature review.ResultsThe effect of targeted therapy on patient survival in the context of CRT remains controversial, with toxicities tending to be more severe but still acceptable.ConclusionSupplementing CRT with target therapeutics might only improve survival in some patients with locally advanced HNSCC. Therefore, future studies must address the underlying biological mechanisms that can have an impact on treatment response. Such knowledge is essential in order to facilitate the effective and personalized treatment of patients with locally advanced HNSCC by combining CRT and targeted therapy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2173–E2181, 2016
Maxillary carcinosarcoma: Identification of a novel MET mutation in both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components through next generation sequencing
Authors: Ando Mizuo , Saito Yuki , Morikawa Teppei , Omura Go , Kobayashi Kenya , Akashi Ken , Yoshida Masafumi , Ebihara Yasuhiro , Fujimoto Chisato , Fukayama Masashi , Yamasoba Tatsuya , Asakage Takahiro 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundCarcinosarcoma is a rare tumor with biphasic growth of the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. Prognosis is generally poor and characterization of the molecular mechanisms may provide information for the development of novel antitumor agents and biomarkers.Methods and ResultsWe present the case of 66‐year‐old man with a complaint of nasal obstruction. He was diagnosed with maxillary carcinosarcoma and coexisting papilloma. He underwent multimodal treatment but died of uncontrolled local disease 10 months after the initial presentation. Genetic testing using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) revealed that both the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components carried a somatic mutation in the conserved domain of the mesenchymal‐epithelial transition factor (MET) proto‐oncogene.ConclusionOur observation highlighted the importance of the MET gene in the oncogenesis of maxillary carcinosarcoma and is indicative of the common clonal origin of both malignant components. This suggested a possibility of treating MET mutation‐positive carcinosarcomas with c‐MET inhibitors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E179–E185, 2015
Necessity for lifelong follow‐up of patients with familial paraganglioma syndrome: A case report
Authors: Persky Michael J. , Adelman Mark , Zias Elias , Myssiorek David 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundPatients with established familial paraganglioma (PGL) syndrome may have multiple metachronous lesions. This article illustrates, via imaging and findings, the need for lifetime follow‐up of patients with familial PGL syndromes.MethodsPatients’ medical charts and radiological images were reviewed in a retrospective analysis.ResultsOver the course of 18 years, this patient developed 2 simultaneous carotid PGLs, a cardiac PGL, and a biochemically active interaortocaval PGL.ConclusionPGLs do not necessarily occur simultaneously in patients with familial PGL syndrome. Lifelong observation is needed to detect these lesions before they become large and symptomatic. Lack of biochemical activity is not a predictor of future lesions being inactive. Cardiac PGLs are rare and require resection. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E174–E178, 2015
Perspectives on 2014 Nobel Prize
Authors: Eichenbaum Howard 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn celebration of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, this issue of Hippocampus includes a collection of commentaries from a broad range of perspectives on the significance of position coding neurons in the hippocampal region. From the perspective of this student of hippocampal physiology, it is argued that place cells and grid cells reflect the outcome of experiments that strongly select the information available and correspondingly observe singular “trigger features” of these neurons. Notably, however, in more naturalistic situations where multiple dimensions of information are available, hippocampal neurons have mixed selectivity wherein population‐firing patterns reflect the organization of many features of experience. Thus, while discoveries on position coding were major breakthroughs in penetrating the hippocampal code, future studies exploring more complex behaviors hold the promise of revealing the full contribution of the hippocampal region to cognition and memory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.