bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRANSBOUNDARY TRANSIT PIPELINES: REFLECTIONS ON THE BALANCING OF RIGHTS AND INTERESTS IN LIGHT OF THE NORD STREAM PROJECT
Authors: Langlet David 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Nord Stream project, which comprises two natural gas pipelines in the Baltic Sea, eminently illustrates several of the ambiguities that pertain to the ability of coastal States to regulate the laying and operation of transit pipelines in their exclusive economic zone and, conversely, the extent of the right of other States to carry out such activities. A highly significant issue is how seabed surveys undertaken in preparation for the laying of pipelines should be characterized, and thus regulated, under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. What is to be considered a ‘reasonable measure’ by a coastal State is another crucial issue which, together with the extent of the requirement for consent by the coastal State for any specific pipeline route, are decisive for defining the balance between potentially competing interests relating to submarine transit pipelines.
Motor Transportation, Trade Unionism, and the Culture of Work in Colonial Ghana
Authors: Hart Jennifer 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe emergence of drivers’ unions in the 1920s and 1930s highlights the wide range of strategies for social and economic organization available to workers in the Gold Coast. Particularly among workers who operated outside the conventional categories of the colonial economy, unions provided only one of many models for labor organization. This article argues that self-employed drivers appropriated unions and an international discourse of labor organization in the early twentieth century in order to best represent their interests to the colonial government. However, their understanding of the function and organization of unions reflected a much broader repertoire of social and economic organizing practices. Rather than representing any exceptional form of labor organization, drivers highlight the circulation of multiple ideas surrounding labor organization in the early decades of the twentieth century, which informed the ways in which Africans engaged in the wage labor economy and implicitly challenged British colonial assumptions about labor, authority, and control.
Depictions of nursing home residents in US newspapers: successful ageingversusfrailty
Authors: ROZANOVA JULIA , MILLER EDWARD ALAN , WETLE TERRIE 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe media shape both what people consider significant and how people think about key issues. This paper explored the cultural beliefs and stereotypes that underlie media portrayals of nursing homes. The analysis of texts of 157 articles about nursing homes published from 1999 to 2008 on the front pages of four major-market American newspapers (The New York Times, Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles TimesandThe Washington Post) was conducted using a qualitative approach inspired by comparative narrative and critical discourse analysis. Results suggest two major themes, each with several narrative components: (a) managing disposable lives (bodies outliving bank accounts; making frailty affordable; and the economics of triage); and (b) retaining purchasing power as successful ageing (consumption as a sign of market participation, spending money as an indicator of autonomy; and financial planning as preparation for future decline). Thus, the results indicate that nursing home residency in-and-of-itself is not a marker of unsuccessful ageing. This, instead, depends, in part, on the extent of choice available as a result of the level of financial solvency. This study shines light on the betwixt and between zone that distinguishes the Third and Fourth Ages; that is, independenceversusdependence in old age. If individuals in a nursing home retain control over the management of their lives through the maintenance of financial independence, even if physically frail, association of nursing home residence with the Fourth Age may be ameliorated.
The GA-SA model and its application to predicting the potential of the solar power industry
Authors: YANG SHAOMEI , ZHU QIAN 
Published: September 2014

In recent years, under the dual pressure of environmental requirements and a series of conventional energy shortages, including power cuts, coal shortages and rising oil prices, there have been unprecedented opportunities for clean energy, and especially for the development and utilisation of solar energy. Hence, solar products have become increasingly popular because of the energy saving and environmental protection they offer. China's solar energy industry should be in the self-development mechanism, which is market-oriented and should act as a mainstay for enterprises. Scientifically forecasting the potential of the solar energy industry and rationally evaluating its status as a result of a market economy-oriented development is an effective means of building a low-carbon and harmonious society. In the work reported in this paper, we:
–established a comprehensive evaluation index system, covering natural resources, economic conditions, policy support, technology and the market environment;–constructed a GA-SA model based on analysing the principles of GA (genetic algorithms) and SA (simulated annealing); and–applied these tools to predicting the potential of the solar power industry.
The results show that GA-SA takes into account both global and local search issues, and is thus a complete optimisation method, and that the model also has scientific and broad applicability in the field of prediction.
Haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole in the management of delirium: A comparison of efficacy, safety, and side effects
Authors: Boettger Soenke , Jenewein Josef , Breitbart William 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and side-effect profile of the typical antipsychotic haloperidol with that of the atypical antipsychotics risperidone, olanzapine, and aripiprazole in the management of delirium.Method:The Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS), the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale, and a side-effect rating were recorded at baseline (T1), after 2–3 days (T2), and after 4–7 days (T3). Some 21 cases were case-matched by age, preexisting dementia, and baseline MDAS scores, and subsequently analyzed.Results:The baseline characteristics of the medication groups were not different: The mean age of the patients ranged from 64.0 to 69.6 years, dementia was present in between 23.8 and 28.6%, and baseline MDAS scores were 19.9 (haloperidol), 18.6 (risperidone), 19.4 (olanzapine), and 18.0 (aripiprazole). The doses of medication at T3 were 5.5 mg haloperidol, 1.3 mg risperidone, 7.1 mg olanzapine, and 18.3 mg aripiprazole. Over one week, the decline in MDAS scores between medications was equal, and no differences between individual MDAS scores existed at T2 or T3. After one week, the MDAS scores were 6.8 (haloperidol), 7.1 (risperidone), 11.7 (olanzapine), and 8.3 (aripiprazole). At T2, delirium resolution occurred in 42.9–52.4% of cases and at T3 in 61.9–85.7%; no differences in assessments between medications existed. Recorded side effects were extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs) in haloperidol- and risperidone-managed patients (19 and 4.8%, respectively) and sedation with olanzapine (28.6%).Significance of Results:Haloperidol, risperidone, aripiprazole, and olanzapine were equally effective in the management of delirium; however, they differed in terms of their side-effect profile. Extrapyramidal symptoms were most frequently recorded with haloperidol, and sedation occurred most frequently with olanzapine.
Sulfurization induced surface constitution and its correlation to the performance of solution-processed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells
Authors: Zhong Jie , Xia Zhe , Luo Miao , Zhao Juan , Chen Jie , Wang Liang , Liu Xinsheng , Xue Ding-Jiang , Cheng Yi-Bing , Song Haisheng , Tang Jiang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTo obtain high photovoltaic performances for the emerging copper zinc tin sulfide/selenide (CZTSSe) thin film solar cells, much effort has deservedly been placed on CZTSSe phase purification and CZTSSe grain size enhancement. Another highly crucial but less explored factor for device performance is the elemental constitution of CZTSSe surface, which is at the heart of p-n junction where major photogenerated carriers generate and separate. In this work we demonstrate that, despite the well-built phase and large grained films are observed by common phases and morphology characterization (XRD, Raman and SEM), prominent device efficiency variations from short circuited to 6.4% are obtained. Insight study highlights that the surface (0–250 nm) compositions variation results in different bulk defect depths and doping densities in the depletion zone. We propose that suitable sulfurization (at ~10 kPa sulfur pressure) drives optimization of surface constitution by managing the Cu, Zn and Sn diffusion and surface reaction. Therefore, our study reveals that the balance of elemental diffusion and interface reactions is the key to tuning the surface quality CZTSSe film and thus the performance of as resulted devices.
Compact ACS‐fed UWB antenna for diversity applications
Authors: Liu Yuan‐Fu , Wang Peng , Qin Hao 
Published: September 2014

A compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)‐fed ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna for diversity applications is presented. The proposed antenna is composed of two circular radiating elements and orthogonal ACS‐fed mechanisms to achieve diversity performance across the UWB from 2.66 to 11.08 GHz, and occupies a very compact size of 28.5 × 28.5 mm2. By introducing a rectangular stub diagonally between the two circular radiating elements, an interport isolation better than 15 dB is achieved. Furthermore, the proposed antenna shows nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns, stable gains and a low envelope correction coefficient. The simple feeding structure, compact size and uniplanar design make it easy to be integrated within the portable device for wireless communications with diversity operations.
Dual‐band bow‐tie slot antenna fed by coplanar waveguide
Authors: Liu H.W. , Zhan X. , Li S. , Lei J.H. , Qin F. 
Published: September 2014

A dual‐band coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed bow‐tie slot antenna is proposed, which consists of a bow‐tie slot, a pair of sector parasitic patches and a modified grounded plane with a band‐notch property. The impedance matching, the resonant mode, the radiation patterns and the current distributions are studied. To generate dual‐band characteristics, a V‐shaped slot is etched on the radiating ground. Experimental and simulated results demonstrate that the antenna exhibits two separate impedance bandwidths of 1450 MHz (about 32.8% centred at 4.43 GHz) and 3500 MHz (about 37.8% centred at 9.25 GHz), which satisfy aircraft radar and X‐band applications.
High selectivity UWB bandpass filter with controllable bandwidth of dual notch bands
Authors: Mirzaee M. , Noghanian S. , Virdee B.S. 
Published: September 2014

A technique to implement and control the bandwidth of notch bands in an ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) based on signal superposition is described. The filter is realised by employing two wideband BPFs in a parallel configuration to establish two signal paths between input/output ports. The proposed technique can substantially increase the bandwidth of the notch band by ∼370% in comparison with the notch‐band filter designs based on transversal signal interaction. The proposed filter exhibits a quasi‐elliptical response over the span of the UWB spectrum defined by the Federal Communication Commission. The compact filter design has a size of 88.92 mm2.
The SM protein Sly1 accelerates assembly of the ER–Golgi SNARE complex
Authors: Demircioglu F. Esra , Burkhardt Pawel , Fasshauer Dirk 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Every vesicle fusion reaction is driven by soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins that zipper into tight complexes between membranes. Members of the Sec1/Munc18 (SM) family tightly regulate this process through interactions with a member of the syntaxin SNARE subfamily. However, seemingly different interaction modes have been found for different SM proteins and syntaxins. Here we show that the ER–Golgi SM protein Sly1 interacts not only with the N-peptide of the syntaxin Sed5, as previously thought, but also with its remainder. This corroborates the idea that SM proteins and syntaxins generally make use of two spatially separated binding sites. Remarkably, binding of Sly1 relaxes the autoinhibitory closed conformation of Sed5 and thereby accelerates SNARE complex formation.
A Group Therapy Program for Opioid-Dependent Adolescents and Their Parents
Authors: Pugatch Marianne , Knight John R. , McGuiness Patricia , Sherritt Lon , Levy Sharon 
Published: August 2014

Background Opioid dependence is a significant problem for adolescents in the United States. Psychosocial treatment for adolescents with opioid use disorders may be effective, although it has not been well studied. Methods This paper describes a 13-week psychoeducational group therapy program with parallel tracks for adolescents with opioid use disorders and their parents attending an outpatient substance use program in a children's hospital. In addition to group therapy, participating adolescents received medical care, including medication-assisted treatment for opioid dependence, drug testing, medical follow-up, psychopharmacology, individual counseling, and parent guidance. Data were collected as part of a quality improvement project for the program. Forty-two adolescents and 72 parents attended the group program between 2006 and 2009. Frequencies were computed and a weighted kappa was used to assess agreement between adolescent and parent reports of use and driving risk. Results Of the 42 adolescents participating in the 13-week group program, 36 (86%) completed 3 or more group sessions, and 24 (57%) completed 10 or more sessions. Twenty-two (52%) adolescent participants reported abstinence from all substances on each of their weekly evaluations. Adolescent-parent agreement for substance use was good to very good: weighted kappa (95% confidence interval) .76 (.60, .87), but poor for driving risk, weighted kappa .11 (−.20, .40). Conclusions Completion rates and self-report of outcomes from this group program indicate promise and warrant further testing.
Single-tube hydroponics as a novel idea for small-scale production of crop seed in a plant incubator
Authors: Kuroda Masaharu , Ikenaga Sachiko 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We present a novel protocol for small-scale production of crop seed in a plant incubator termed “Single-tube hydroponics.” Our protocol minimizes the materials and methods for cultivation whereby a large number of independent plants can be cultured in a limited space. This study may aid in the improvement of crop seed components, especially in the cultivation of transgenic plants.
Amplicon identification using SparsE representation of multiplex PYROsequencing signal (AdvISER-M-PYRO): application to bacterial resistance genotyping
Authors: Ambroise Jérôme , Deccache Yann , Irenge Leonid , Savov Encho , Robert Annie , Gala Jean-Luc 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Motivation : Pyrosequencing is a cost-effective DNA sequencing technology that has many applications, including rapid genotyping of a broad spectrum of bacteria. When molecular typing requires to genotype multiple DNA stretches, several pyrosequencing primers could be used simultaneously but this would create overlapping primer-specific signals, which are visually uninterpretable. Accordingly, the objective was to develop a new method for signal processing (AdvISER-M-PYRO) to automatically analyze and interpret multiplex pyrosequencing signals. In parallel, the nucleotide dispensation order was improved by developing the SENATOR (‘SElecting the Nucleotide dispensATion Order’) algorithm.
Results : In this proof-of-concept study, quintuplex pyrosequencing was applied on eight bacterial DNA and targeted genetic alterations underlying resistance to β -lactam antibiotics. Using SENATOR-driven dispensation order, all genetic variants (31 of 31; 100%) were correctly identified with AdvISER-M-PYRO. Among nine expected negative results, there was only one false positive that was tagged with an ‘unsafe’ label.
Availability and implementation : SENATOR and AdvISER-M-PYRO are implemented in the AdvISER-M-PYRO R package ( http://sites.uclouvain.be/md-ctma/index.php/softwares ) and can be used to improve the dispensation order and to analyze multiplex pyrosequencing signals generated in a broad range of typing applications.
Contact : jerome.ambroise@uclouvain.be
subSeq: Determining Appropriate Sequencing Depth Through Efficient Read Subsampling
Authors: Robinson David G. , Storey John D. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Next-generation sequencing experiments, such as RNA-Seq, play an increasingly important role in biological research. One complication is that the power and accuracy of such experiments depend substantially on the number of reads sequenced, so it is important and challenging to determine the optimal read depth for an experiment or to verify whether one has adequate depth in an existing experiment.
Results: By randomly sampling lower depths from a sequencing experiment and determining where the saturation of power and accuracy occurs, one can determine what the most useful depth should be for future experiments, and furthermore, confirm whether an existing experiment had sufficient depth to justify its conclusions. We introduce the subSeq R package, which uses a novel efficient approach to perform this subsampling and to calculate informative metrics at each depth.
Availability and Implementation: The subSeq R package is available at http://github.com/StoreyLab/subSeq/.
Contact: dgrtwo@princeton.edu or jstorey@princeton.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Gene regulatory networks by transcription factors and microRNAs in breast cancer
Authors: Qin Sheng , Ma Fei , Chen Liming 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMotivation: Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) affect numerous cellular processes and every process of life, and abnormalities of GRN lead to breast cancer. Transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are two of the best-studied gene regulatory mechanisms. However, the architecture and feature of GRNs by TFs and miRNAs in breast cancer and its subtypes were unknown. In this study, we investigated the GRNs by TFs and miRNAs with emphasis on breast cancer classifier genes at system level.Contact: feima1968@gmail.com or chenliming1981@gmail.comSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
High Proportion of Indeterminate Qua.jpegERON-TB Gold In-Tube Results in an Inpatient Population Is Related to Host Factors and Preanalytical Steps
Authors: Fabre Valeria , Shoham Shmuel , Page Kathleen R. , Shah Maunank 
Published: September 2014

Background.  Qua.jpegERON-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-GIT) can be used as an alternative to tuberculin skin testing (TST) for the targeted testing of latent tuberculosis. Due to many shortcomings with TST, QFT-GIT usage is increasing. QFT-GIT implementation in the inpatient setting remains unclear.
Methods.  We retrospectively ide.jpegied patients admitted to a tertiary care academic center who received either a TST or a QFT-GIT in the 18 months prior to and after QFT-GIT implementation in March 2012. Risk factors associated with indeterminate results were evaluated.
Results.  The proportion of inpatients receiving a test for tuberculosis infection doubled following QFT-GIT implementation (1.4% vs 2.9%). After QFT-GIT became available, 75% of tested people received a QFT-GIT and 25% received a TST. We found indeterminate test results in 19.8%. Independent predictors of indeterminate results were female sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.64), lymphopenia (AOR, 2.21), hypoalbuminemia (AOR, 6.81) and sample collection by nonphlebotomists (AOR, 3.0, vs phlebotomists). Of patients who had indeterminate results, 42% had a subsequent indeterminate result on repeat testing. All indeterminate results were due to a low mitogen response.
Conclusions.  QFT-GIT testing in the inpatient setting is associated with a high proportion of indeterminate results that is associated with host factors and preanalytical errors. Careful selection of patients to be tested and training on sample processing for QFT-GIT testing should be considered to decrease indeterminate results.
Individual Differences in Arithmetical Abilities
Authors: Dowker Ann 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis chapter discusses individual differences in arithmetic. It deals relatively briefly with the findings about the general large extent of such differences in both children and adults. It then discusses findings that indicate that it is inadequate to speak of arithmetical ability as a single characteristic. Rather, it is made up of many components, which may correlate, but also show significant functional independence. Discrepancies between any two such components, in both directions, can be frequently observed. There is evidence for this from many sources, including studies of patients with acquired dyscalculia, brain imaging studies, cross-cultural studies, and studies of both typically developing children and those with mathematical difficulties. The chapter then discusses questions about when such between- and within-individual differences begin, and whether numerical ability is componential from infancy or starts as a single ability and then differentiates. There is certainly evidence that it is already componential in preschoolers. The need for more longitudinal and intervention studies is emphasized, if we are to understand whether differences in specific components are consistent over time, and whether specific components at an early age have specific predictive relationships to specific components found later on.
Media Responsiveness in Times of Crisis
Authors: Winkler Carol 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This chapter examines how media respond to crises, providing an overview of studies on the topics of terrorism, war, natural disasters, transportation accidents, and environmental catastrophes occurring both at home and abroad. The chapter briefly describes the parameters of the media’s influence and summarizes key findings of previous studies that examine media sources, messages, and audiences as they relate to coverage of crisis events. It concludes by discussing how political communication scholars interested in crises should focus attention on emergent sources of media influence, on how digital technologies transform media texts and their influence, and on how online environments recast conventional conceptions of media audiences.
The Media Agenda
Authors: Weaver David H. , Choi Jihyang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of media agenda setting, also known as agenda building. Although much of the agenda-setting research tradition has focused on how media affect the public agenda, agenda building examines how the media’s agenda comes about. The chapter considers five possible influences on the news media agenda: influential news sources, other media, journalistic norms and traditions, unexpected events, and media audiences. Research to date indicates that there is no one decisive factor that determines the media agenda. Instead, media agendas are built as a joint product of these influences. The chapter concludes by offering suggestions for future areas of research that would refine understanding of the media agenda-setting process.