bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cenozoic deformation in the Otway Basin, southern Australian margin: implications for the origin and nature of post‐breakup compression at rifted margins
Authors: Holford Simon P. , Tuitt Adrian K. , Hillis Richard R. , Green Paul F. , Stoker Martyn S. , Duddy Ian R. , Sandiford Mike , Tassone David R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThere is growing recognition that pulses of compressive tectonic structuring punctuate the post‐breakup subsidence histories of many ‘passive’ rifted continental margins. To obtain new insights into the nature and origin of compression at passive margins, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the post‐breakup (<43 Ma) deformation history of the offshore Otway Basin, southern Australian margin, using a regional seismic database tied to multiple wells. Through mapping of a number of regional intra‐Cenozoic unconformities we have determined growth chronologies for a number of major anticlinal structures, most of which are ˜NE–SW‐trending folds that developed during mild inversion of syn‐rift normal faults or through buckling of the post‐rift succession. These chronologies are supplemented by onshore structural evidence and by thermochronological data from key wells. Whilst our analysis confirms the occurrence of a well‐documented pulse of late Miocene–early Pliocene compression, post‐breakup deformation is not restricted to this time interval. We highlight the growth of a number of structures during the mid‐late Eocene and the Oligocene‐early Miocene, with evidence for considerable temporal and spatial migration of strain within the basin. Our results indicate a long‐lived ˜NW–SE maximum horizontal stress orientation since the mid‐late Eocene, consistent with contemporary stress observations but at variance with previous suggestions that this stress orientation was initiated in the late Miocene by increased coupling of the Australian‐Pacific plate boundary. We attribute the observed record of deformation to a compressional intraplate stress field, coupled to the progressive evolution of the boundaries of the Indo‐Australian Plate, ensuring that this margin has been subject to ongoing compressional forcing since mid‐Eocene breakup. Our results indicate that compressional deformation at passive margins may be more common than is generally assumed, and that passive margin basins with evidence for protracted post‐breakup deformation histories can provide useful natural laboratories for obtaining improved understanding of the evolution of intraplate stress fields over geological timescales.
Passive‐margin salt basins: hyperextension, evaporite deposition, and salt tectonics
Authors: Rowan M. G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPassive‐margin salt basins are classified as prerift, syn‐stretching, syn‐thinning, and syn‐exhumation. Prerift salt, such as the Triassic Keuper in the Western Pyrenees, undergoes thick‐skinned extension, first decoupled and then coupled, along with its substrate and cover. The base salt develops significant relief, is attenuated on the largest faults, and ends up distributed across the entire margin. Syn‐stretching salt, such as along the Iberian and Newfoundland margins, is deposited during early rifting and is thus concentrated in proximal areas with variable thickness and extent, with decoupled and coupled thick‐skinned deformation dominant. Syn‐thinning salt, such as in the northern Red Sea, is also deposited during extension, with the base salt unconformably above proximal stretching faults but offset by distal thinning faults. Both thick‐skinned and gravity‐driven thin‐skinned deformation occur, with the latter strongly influenced by the ramp‐flat geometry of the base salt. Syn‐exhumation salt, such as in the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic salt basins, is deposited as part of the sag basin with broad distribution and a generally unfaulted base. Conjugate syn‐exhumation salt basins are originally contiguous, form partly over exhumed mantle on magma‐poor margin segments, and are commonly flanked by magma‐rich segments with volcanic highs (seaward‐dipping reflectors) that isolate the salt basin from marine water. Salt tectonics is characterized by gravitational failure of the salt and overburden, with proximal extension and distal contraction, and the development of allochthonous salt that includes frontal nappes that advance over newly formed oceanic crust.
Diachronous sub‐volcanic intrusion along deep‐water margins: insights from the Irish Rockall Basin
Authors: Magee C. , Jackson C. A.‐L. , Schofield N. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe movement of magma in sedimentary basins often occurs through an extensive and interconnected complex of sills. Field‐, modelling‐, and seismic reflection‐based studies indicate that the emplacement of shallow‐level sills is commonly accommodated by the formation of forced folds, which may be expressed at the free surface and onlapped by younger strata. If the age of these onlapping strata can be constrained, important insights can be gained into the timing of magma emplacement and associated regional, tectono‐magmatic events. Previous studies have focused on isolated intrusions that are overlain by an individual forced fold formed during a single tectono‐magmatic event. However, the structure and evolution of ‘compound’ folds developed above stacked, interconnected sills, and what they may reveal about polyphase intrusive events has not been investigated. In this study, we use 3D seismic reflection data from the Irish Rockall Basin, offshore western Ireland, to constrain the structural style and emplacement history of a sill complex that contains 82 seismically resolved intrusions. Individual forced folds, <41 km2 in plan view and with mean fold amplitudes of 111 m, are developed above single intrusions. However, where sills are stacked, broader (100–244 km2), larger amplitude (mean of 296 m) compound folds occur following the coalescence of individual folds. Stratigraphic onlap and truncation observed within the folds throughout the Palaeocene‐to‐Middle Eocene succession, indicates that emplacement and forced folding initiated at the end Maastrichtian and lasted for ca. 15 Ma, before ceasing near the end of the Ypresian. We demonstrate (i) intrusion‐induced forced folds evolve dynamically and can form broad areas of sustained local uplift, and (ii) that the formation of sill complexes within the upper crust may occur over prolonged time periods. This study also highlights the importance of seismic reflection data to understanding the structural style and age relationships between igneous systems.
Insights into the development of major rift‐related unconformities from geologically constrained subsidence modelling: Halten Terrace, offshore mid Norway
Authors: Bell R. E. , Jackson C. A‐L. , Elliott G. M. , Gawthorpe R. L. , Sharp Ian R , Michelsen Lisa 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDue to the effects of sediment compaction, thermal subsidence and ‘post‐rift’ fault reactivation, the present‐day geometry of buried, ancient rift basins may not accurately reflect the geometry of the basin at any stage of its syn‐rift evolution. An understanding of the geometry of a rift basin through time is crucial for resolving the dynamics of continental rifting and in assessing the hydrocarbon prospectivity of such basins. In this study, we have restored the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous geometry of the southern Halten Terrace, offshore mid Norway, using a combination of well log‐ and core‐derived, sedimentological and stratigraphic data, seismic‐stratigraphic observations and reverse subsidence modelling. This integrated geological and geophysical approach has allowed the large number of input parameters involved in flexural backstripping and post‐rift thermal subsidence modelling to be constrained. We have thus been able to determine the regional structure of the basin at the end of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rift phase and the associated amount of crustal stretching. Our basin geometry reconstructions reveal that, during the latest syn‐rift period in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous, the Halten Terrace was characterized by a series of isolated depocentres, located between footwall islands, which were not connected into a single depocentre until the Late Cretaceous (Coniacian). We show that two major unconformities, which are now vertically offset by ca. 2 km and located ca. 60 km apart, formed at similar subaerial elevations in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and were subsequently vertically offset by thermally induced tilting of the basin margin. Cretaceous sediments were deposited in a single, relatively unconfined basin in water depths of 1–1.5 km. The β profile that best restores palaeobathymetry to match our geological constraints is the same as that derived from summing visible post‐Late Triassic heave on faults plus 25–60% additional extension to account for sub‐seismic deformation. This indicates that, at least in the southern part of the Halten Terrace, the amount of upper‐crustal stretching during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rift phase is comparable to the total amount of lithospheric stretching, supporting a uniform pure‐shear stretching model.
Deep‐water continental margins: geological and economic frontiers
Authors: Alves T. M. , Bell R. E. , Jackson C. A.‐L. , Minshull T. A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDeep‐water margins have been the focus of considerable research during the past decade. They comprise vast, underexplored regions, in which only recently have improvements in seismic imaging and drilling technology allowed the discovery of significant hydrocarbon accumulations. This volume comprises of a series of manuscripts based on studies from continental margins bordering India, East Africa, Australia, China, Norway, the United Kingdom, Iberia, Newfoundland, the southern US, West Africa and Brazil, thus offering a global perspective on the evolution and economic significance of deep‐water margins. The articles in this volume examine: (i) the quantification of extension and hyperextension in distal parts of continental margins, and their relationship with regional subsidence, (ii) the importance of magmatism in the structural and thermal evolution of rifted continental margins, (iii) the processes driving and the significance of regional exhumation during and after syn‐rift stretching, (iv) the tectonic setting of salt basins and (v) depositional patterns along deep‐water margins. To complement this work, we present a personal view of some of the specific questions that need to be addressed in the next few years of deep‐water continental margin research.
Phase I study of combination chemotherapy using sorafenib and transcatheter arterial infusion with cisplatin for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hagihara Atsushi , Ikeda Masafumi , Ueno Hideki , Morizane Chigusa , Kondo Shunsuke , Nakachi Kohei , Mitsunaga Shuichi , Shimizu Satoshi , Kojima Yasushi , Suzuki Eiichiro , Katayama Kazuhiro , Imanaka Kazuho , Tamai Chie , Inaba Yoshitaka , Sato Yozo , Kato Mina , Okusaka Takuji 
Published: January 2014

The aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency of dose‐limiting toxicities and to find the recommended dose of combination chemotherapy with sorafenib and transcatheter arterial infusion (TAI) using cisplatin for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), for whom surgical resection, local ablation therapy, or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization were not indicated. Patients received 800 mg sorafenib daily. Cisplatin was given at one of three dosages (level 1, 35 mg/m2/cycle; level 2, 50 mg/m2/cycle; and level 3, 65 mg/m2/cycle) from feeding arteries to the HCC. The treatment was repeated every 4–6 weeks up to a maximum of six cycles, until there were signs of tumor progression or unacceptable toxicity. The dose‐limiting toxicities experienced by the 20 enrolled patients were grade 4 increased aspartate aminotransferase at level 1, grade 3 gastrointestinal hemorrhaging at level 1, and grade 3 hypertension at level 3. The common drug‐related adverse events that were of severity grade 3 or 4 included the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (30%), alanine aminotransferase (20%), amylase (30%), and lipase (30%). Partial response was seen in four patients (20%), and 13 patients (65%) had stable disease. The median overall survival and progression‐free survival were 9.1 and 3.3 months, respectively. The combination of sorafenib at 800 mg/day with TAI of cisplatin at 65 mg/m2/cycle was determined to be the recommended regimen. A randomized phase II trial of sorafenib alone versus sorafenib plus TAI of cisplatin is currently underway. This study was registered at UMIN as trial number UMIN000001496.
Inherent Noise‐Aware Insect Swarm Simulation
Authors: Wang Xinjie , Jin Xiaogang , Deng Zhigang , Zhou Linling 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCollective behaviour of winged insects is a wondrous and familiar phenomenon in the real world. In this paper, we introduce a highly efficient field‐based approach to simulate various insect swarms. Its core idea is to construct a smooth yet noise‐aware governing velocity field that can be further decomposed into two sub‐fields: (i) a divergence‐free curl‐noise field to model noise‐induced movements of individual insects in a swarm, and (ii) an enhanced global velocity field to control navigational paths in a complex environment along which all the insects in a swarm fly. Through simulation experiments and comparisons with existing crowd simulation approaches, we demonstrate that our approach is effective to simulate various insect swarm behaviours including aggregation, positive phototaxis, sedation, mass‐migrating, and so on. Besides its high efficiency, our approach is very friendly to parallel implementation on GPUs (e.g. the speedup achieved through GPU acceleration is higher than 50 if the number of simulated insects is more than 10 000 on an off‐the‐shelf computer). Our approach is the first multi‐agent modelling system that introduces curl‐noise into agents' velocity field and uses its non‐scattering nature to maintain non‐colliding movements in 3D crowd simulation.
The range and prevalence of clinical signs and conformation associated with lameness in working draught donkeys in Pakistan
Authors: Reix (nèe Broster) C. E. , Burn C. C. , Pritchard J. C. , Barr A. R. S. , Whay H. R. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryReasons for performing the studyLameness is prevalent in working donkeys and has major welfare implications; however, a detailed study of the associated clinical signs is lacking.ObjectivesTo describe the range and prevalence of clinical signs and conformation associated with lameness in working draught donkeys.Study designProspective, cross‐sectional, observational study.MethodsData were collected from 102 working draught donkeys in Pakistan. A lameness assessment adapted for working donkeys was used to record clinical signs of lameness, gait, limb conformation and pain responses in the feet, limbs and spine using observation, palpation and manipulation. Lameness at the walk was scored from 0 to 10 (sound to nonweightbearing).ResultsEvery donkey examined had gait abnormalities, with 5% having a nonweightbearing limb. Lameness was significantly more severe with older age, lower body condition score and forward‐at‐the‐knee conformation. More severe lameness was also associated with pain responses in the hoof walls, palpation of limb joints and spinal flexion. Joint, tendon and foot pathology was highly prevalent, as well as pain responses to joint flexion and spinal manipulation. Conformational abnormalities showed lateral asymmetries.ConclusionsOver 98% of the world's 42.2 million donkeys are in low‐income countries, most being used for work. The high prevalence of lameness, pain and multiple limb and spinal abnormalities in working donkeys is of great welfare concern and highlights the complexity of addressing this problem. This standardised lameness assessment can be used when implementing and monitoring interventions to reduce lameness prevalence in working donkeys.
Neural skyline filter for accelerating skyline search algorithms
Authors: Chen Yi‐Chung , Lee Chiang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe skyline search problem has been identified as one of the key problems in database research. None of the developed skyline search algorithms include the use of a filter to facilitate the search process. This paper proposes a novel modification involving the use of skyline filters to reduce the search space of a skyline problem by removing data points that cannot provide a viable skyline result. Three filters based on the concept of neural networks are proposed in this paper. The result is a reduction in execution time achieved through the reduction of the input tuples. The proposed filters may be used in conjunction with any existing skyline search algorithm. This is the first study to apply neural network technology to the skyline problem. Comprehensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed skyline filtering system.
Differences between lutropin‐mediated and choriogonadotropin‐mediated receptor activation
Authors: Grzesik Paul , Teichmann Anke , Furkert Jens , Rutz Claudia , Wiesner Burkhard , Kleinau Gunnar , Schülein Ralf , Gromoll Jörg , Krause Gerd 
Published: January 2014

The human lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (hLHR) for the gonadotropic hormones human luteinizing hormone (hLH; lutropin) and human choriogonadotropin (hCG) is crucial for normal sexual development and fertility. We aimed to unravel differences between the two hLHR hormones in molecular activation mechanisms at hLHR. We utilized a specific hLHR variant that lacks exon 10 (hLHR‐delExon10), which maintains full cAMP signaling by hCG, but decreases hLH‐induced receptor signaling, resulting in a pathogenic phenotype. Exon 10 encodes 27 amino acids within the hinge region, which is an extracellular segment that is important for signaling and hormone interaction. Initially, we assumed that the lack of exon 10 might disturb intermolecular trans‐activation of hLH, a mechanism that has been reported for hCG at hLHR. Coexpression of signaling‐deficient hLHR and binding‐deficient hLHR can be used to examine the mechanisms of receptor signaling, in particular intermolecular cooperation and intramolecular cis‐activation. Therefore, hLHR‐delExon10 was combined with the hLHR Lys605→Glu mutant, in which signaling is abolished, and the hLHR mutant Cys131→Arg, in which binding is deficient. We found that hCG signaling was partially rescued, indicating trans‐activation. However, the hLH signal could not be restored via forced trans‐activation with any construct. Fluorescence cross‐correlation spectroscopy detected oligomerization in all combinations, indicating that these functional differences cannot be explained by monomerization of hLHR‐delExon10. Thus, our data demonstrate not only that the different behavior of hLH at hLHR‐delExon10 is unlikely to be related to modified intermolecular receptor activation, but also that hLH may exclusively stimulate the targeted hLHR by cis‐activation, whereas hCG is also capable of inducing trans‐activation.Structured digital abstract
hLHR and hLHR colocalize by confocal microscopy (View interaction)
hLHR and hLHR physically interact by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (View interaction)
What Does the Corporate Bond Market Know?
Authors: Bittlingmayer George , Moser Shane M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDo related markets reflect new information simultaneously? For high‐yield bonds, a large abnormal price decline in a corporation's most liquid bond over a month is followed by an average abnormal stock price decline of −1.42%. This effect is larger for stocks that have increased in value and for volatile stocks. It is also larger for bonds with high coupons and shorter maturities. These results support the view that high‐yield corporate bonds have an informational edge when news is negative and stock returns are noisy, and add to the growing literature on the substantial lags in price discovery between related markets.
Underwriter Compensation Structure: Can It Really Bond Underwriters?
Authors: Garner Jacqueline L. , Marshall Beverly B. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUnderwriter compensation can be structured as all cash or a combination of cash and warrants. Using a sample of small initial public offerings (IPOs), we find that underwriter compensation contracts that include warrants in exchange for cash can serve as certification for IPO firms by substituting for reputation capital. When underwriters accept warrants when they could have received more cash compensation, the IPOs avoid the well documented long‐run underperformance. However, when underwriters receive warrants after maximizing cash compensation, the IPO experiences higher underpricing and poorer long‐run performance. The findings are consistent with a motivation by the underwriters to circumvent regulatory constraints.
Equity‐Based Incentives, Risk Aversion, and Merger‐Related Risk‐Taking Behavior
Authors: Benson Bradley W. , Park Jung Chul , Davidson Wallace N. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe find that post‐merger equity risk is negatively related to the sensitivity of CEO wealth to stock return volatility (vega), but is concentrated in CEOs with high proportions of options and options that are more in‐the‐money. The probability of industrial diversification also increases in vega. Additional tests show that the decline in post‐merger equity risk results in a significant decrease in shareholder wealth. This decrease is concentrated among firms with CEOs having the highest delta and the highest delta and vega. Our results suggest that the increased convexity provided by option‐based compensation does not necessarily increase risk‐taking behavior by CEOs.
Does Operational and Financial Hedging Reduce Exposure? Evidence from the U.S. Airline Industry
Authors: Treanor Stephen D. , Simkins Betty J. , Rogers Daniel A. , Carter David A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe examine the effects of both financial and operational hedging on jet fuel exposure in the U.S. airline industry. Specifically, we investigate two operational hedging strategies: the extent to which airlines operate different aircraft types and the degree to which airlines operate fuel‐efficient fleets. We find that both financial and operational hedging are important tools in reducing airline exposure to jet fuel price risk. However, operational hedging strategies appear to be more economically important, which suggests that hedging with derivatives is more likely to be used to “fine‐tune” risk exposure, whereas operational choices have a higher order effect on risk exposure.