bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis: Young children with characteristic signs and symptoms
Authors: Regelmann Warren E. , Schechter Michael S. , Wagener Jeffrey S. , Morgan Wayne J. , Pasta David J. , Elkin Eric P. , Konstan Michael W. ,   for the Investigators of the Epidemiologic Study of Cystic Fibrosis
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundA standard definition of pulmonary exacerbation based on signs and symptoms would be useful for categorizing cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and as an outcome measure of therapy. The frequently used definition of treatment with intravenous antibiotics varies with practice patterns. One approach to this problem is to use large data sets which include a patient's signs and symptoms along with their clinician's decision to treat with antibiotics for the diagnosis of pulmonary exacerbation. Previous analysis of such a data set, the Epidemiologic Study of Cystic Fibrosis (ESCF), found that new crackles, increased cough, increased sputum, and weight decline were the four clinical characteristics most strongly influencing providers to treat young CF patients for a pulmonary exacerbation. The objectives of this study were to confirm that these four characteristics influence the decision to treat with antibiotics for a pulmonary exacerbation in young CF patients; to evaluate their implications for future nutritional status and lung function; and to assess the effect of antibiotic treatment on these characteristic signs and symptoms.MethodsThis was an observational, longitudinal cohort study of clinical care in children <6 years old cared for at sites participating in ESCF.ResultsUsing data from children not included in the previous ESCF study, we confirmed that these four characteristics were significantly associated with the likelihood of physicians prescribing antibiotics to treat a pulmonary exacerbation. The number of these characteristics present at a single clinic visit before age 6 predicted hospitalization rate over the next year, the weight‐for‐age z‐score, and the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) percent predicted at age 7. Treatment with antibiotics was associated with a greater decrease in the proportion of children with crackles, cough, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a follow‐up visit within 6 months.ConclusionsNew crackles, increased cough, increased sputum, and decline in weight percentile at a single clinic visit increase the risk of future malnutrition, hospitalization, and airflow obstruction in young children with CF. Treatment with antibiotics mitigates some of these signs and symptoms by the first follow‐up visit. The presence of these four characteristic signs and symptoms is useful to define pulmonary exacerbations in young children with CF that respond to antibiotic treatment in the short‐term and influence long‐term prognosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:649–657. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: III. fluoroquinolones
Authors: Stockmann Chris , Sherwin Catherine M.T. , Zobell Jeffery T. , Young David C. , Waters C. Dustin , Spigarelli Michael G. , Ampofo Krow 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis review is the third installment in a comprehensive State of the Art series and aims to evaluate the use of fluoroquinolones in the management of P. aeruginosa infection in both children and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Oral and intravenous ciprofloxacin have been shown to be well‐tolerated in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations (APE) secondary to P. aeruginosa. Older literature supports an oral dosing regimen of 40 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hr, up to 2 g/day, and intravenous (IV) ciprofloxacin 30 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hr, maximum 1.2 g/day in children, and 750 mg administered orally twice a day or 400 mg IV every 8 hr in adults. However, a recent pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling study shows that the literature, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved, and Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) guideline dosing regimens may be suboptimal for the treatment of P. aeruginosa in APE. Further study is warranted to determine if higher doses of ciprofloxacin are needed. Limited pharmacokinetic (PK), PK/PD, and efficacy studies involving levofloxacin exist in adult patients with CF. No pediatric data exists for levofloxacin in CF patients. Further study is needed to determine the tolerability and efficacy of levofloxacin in APE. At this time, the routine use of levofloxacin in the treatment of APE in pediatric and adult patients cannot be recommended. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:211–220. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in children with bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan
Authors: de Mol Mark , de Jongste Johan C. , van Westreenen Mireille , Merkus Peter J.F.M. , de Vries Andrica H.C. , Hop Wim C.J. , Warris Adilia , Janssens Hettie M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life‐threatening complication in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and therapy improves outcome. Assessment of galactomannan (GM) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is a proposed tool to diagnose IPA. Little is known about the diagnostic value of BAL GM in children.Materials and MethodsRetrospectively, 72 bronchoscopies were analyzed for GM in patients fulfilling the host factor criteria as defined by the EORTC/MSG. A cut‐off index value GM of ≥0.5 was used. Clinical data, results of chest CT‐scans and BAL cultures were collected.ResultsSensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of BAL GM for a diagnosis of proven and probable IPA (n = 41) were 82.4%, 87.5%, 82.4%, and 87.5% respectively. A significant relation was found for BAL GM and abnormal chest CT (P = 0.01). No significant relationship was observed between BAL Aspergillus sp. culture and chest CT (n = 47). BAL GM and serum GM correlated significantly. In 9 out of 12 patients classified as possible IPA, antifungal therapy was continued or started, despite a negative BAL GM.ConclusionsBAL GM test had good diagnostic value in children suspected of IPA. However, the decision to continue or start antifungal therapy was mainly determined by the clinical suspicion of IPA based on chest CT‐outcome, serum GM index values and failure of antibiotic therapy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:789–796. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lymphoscintigraphy in plastic bronchitis, A pediatric case report
Authors: Ezmigna Dima R. , Morgan Wayne J. , Witte Marlys H. , Brown Mark A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPlastic bronchitis (PB) is an uncommon, potentially fatal disease, marked by endobronchial cast formation causing variable degrees of respiratory distress. Primary and secondary pulmonary lymphatic abnormalities have been identified among the underlying mechanisms of cast formation. We present a case of PB where lymphoscintigraphy demonstrated the underlying lymphatic defect. A 6‐year‐old Hispanic male with congenital heart disease (CHD; post‐Fontan) presented with recurrent pneumonia, respiratory distress. Bronchoscopy showed inflamed hypervascular mucosa and thick mucus plugs; no casts were seen. Later, PB was diagnosed after the patient expectorated a bronchial cast. Cast analysis showed lymphocytic aggregates with mucin and fibrin. Lymphoscintigraphy revealed abnormal lymphatic collaterals and retrograde trace reflux into the superior mediastinum, a picture consistent with thoracic duct lymph leakage into the tracheobronchial tree. The pathogenesis of PB is not fully understood, especially in patients with CHD. Chyle in bronchial casts suggests abnormal lymphatic flow. Reports of lymph flow abnormalities, especially endobronchial lymph leakage in CHD are limited. Lymphoscintigraphy in our case demonstrated clear evidence of retrograde lymph reflux and leakage into the bronchial tree. The case presented suggests that in some patients following Fontan surgery, high intrathoracic lymphatic pressure and retrograde lymph flow may contribute to recurrent cast formation. Finding the underlying lymphatic abnormality helps in specific case management. Lymphoscintigraphy is a safer and easier method than lymphangiography. Surgical lymphatic–venous shunting may be possible in select cases. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:515–518. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Annealing induced defects in SiC, SiOx single layers, and SiC/SiOx hetero‐superlattices
Authors: Ding Kaining , Aeberhard Urs , Beyer Wolfhard , Astakhov Oleksandr , Köhler Florian , Breuer Uwe , Finger Friedhelm , Carius Reinhard , Rau Uwe 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSiC/SiOx hetero‐superlattices as well as single layers of SiC and SiOx were fabricated and annealed at various annealing temperatures to investigate the evolution of annealing induced defects in these materials. We show that in SiC and SiOx materials and in SiC/SiOx multilayer system, crystallization, atomic diffusion, structural reconstruction, and hydrogen effusion take place upon annealing with different characteristic temperature dependences. The dependence of the spin densities on annealing temperature is explained as an overlap of the temperature dependence of the creation of additional dangling bonds due to hydrogen effusion and of the healing of dangling bonds due to element motion during the structural reconstruction. The stronger increase of spin density upon annealing in SiC as compared to SiO1.2 is ascribed to the effusion of a higher amount of hydrogen and the less efficient atomic diffusion up to the annealing temperature of 1050 °C.
Grain size tuning of nanocrystalline chemical vapor deposited diamond by continuous electrical bias growth: Experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Mortet Vincent , Zhang Liang , Eckert Maxie , D'Haen Jan , Soltani Ali , Moreau Myriam , Troadec David , Neyts Erik , De Jaeger Jean‐Claude , Verbeeck Jo , Bogaerts Annemie , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Haenen Ken , Wagner Patrick 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this work, a detailed structural and spectroscopic study of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) thin films grown by a continuous bias assisted CVD growth technique is reported. This technique allows the tuning of grain size and phase purity in the deposited material. The crystalline properties of the films are characterized by SEM, TEM, EELS, and Raman spectroscopy. A clear improvement of the crystalline structure of the nanograined diamond film is observed for low negative bias voltages, while high bias voltages lead to thin films consisting of diamond grains of only ∼10 nm nanometer in size, showing remarkable similarities with so‐called ultrananocrystalline diamond. These layers arecharacterized by an increasing amount of sp2‐bonded carbon content of the matrix in which the diamond grains are embedded. Classical molecular dynamics simulations support the observed experimental data, giving insight in the underlying mechanism for the observed increase in deposition rate with bias voltage. Furthermore, a high atomic concentration of hydrogen has been determined in these films. Finally, Raman scattering analyses confirm that the Raman line observed at ∼1150 cm−1 cannot be attributed to trans‐poly‐acetylene, which continues to be reported in literature, reassigning it to a deformation mode of CHx bonds in NCD.
Capacitance characterization of Ge15Sb85 phase‐change thin films
Authors: Qamhieh N. , Mahmoud S. T. , Ayesh A. I. , Ghamlouche H. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe capacitance variation as a function of temperature and electric field for tellurium free Ge15Sb85 thin films deposited by the DC sputtering technique is investigated. The capacitance measurements were performed for a sweep voltage from −20 to +20 V at different temperatures, and at a frequency of 100 kHz. The results show a slight increase in the capacitance with temperature and it reaches a maximum value around 80 °C. As the temperature increases, the capacitance decreases and eventually becomes negative at temperatures close to the amorphous‐crystalline transition temperature (TC). The sharp decrease in the capacitance can be attributed to the thermally activated conduction process with activation energy of 0.28 eV. Nonlinearity in the variation of capacitance with the applied bias voltage is observed at high temperatures close to TC. The phenomenon is explained in terms of the nucleation and growth process.
Morphological, structural, and photoelectrochemical characterization of n‐type Cu2O thin films obtained by electrodeposition
Authors: Grez Paula , Herrera Francisco , Riveros Gonzalo , Ramírez Andrés , Henríquez Rodrigo , Dalchiele Enrique , Schrebler Ricardo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThin films of copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) were electrodeposited on fluorine‐doped tin oxide predeposited glass substrates, by reduction of Cu2+ from Cu(II) acetate acid aqueous solutions. The Cu2O was potentiostatically grown at a potential value of −0.450 V (vs. SMSE) at 70 °C. The Cu2O thin films were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical transmission, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and photoelectrochemical experiments. Through these techniques, it was possible to establish the cubic Cu2O phase with a high crystallinity and a strong preferential growth along the [200] and [220] directions. Cu2O thin films show oxygen vacancies with formation of a nonstoichiometric compound with the presence of Cu(0) in the crystal lattice as determined by XPS analysis. In addition, Cu2O was used as the photoanode for the I− oxidation reaction when the system was illuminated (Φ0 = 50.0 mW cm−2). The films exhibited a clear n‐type semiconductor behavior, which was in agreement with the Mott–Schottky results. This behavior was explained by considering the nonstoichiometry of the oxide.
Distinguishing wild ruminant lipids by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Craig Oliver E. , Allen Richard B. , Thompson Anu , Stevens Rhiannon E. , Steele Valerie J. , Heron Carl 
Published: September 2012

RATIONALEThe carbon isotopic characterisation of ruminant lipids associated with ceramic vessels has been crucial for elucidating the origins and changing nature of pastoral economies. δ13C values of fatty acids extracted from potsherds are commonly compared with those from the dairy and carcass fats of modern domesticated animals to determine vessel use. However, the processing of wild ruminant products in pottery, such as deer, is rarely considered despite the presence of several different species on many prehistoric sites. To address this issue, the carbon isotope range of fatty acids from a number of red deer (Cervus elaphus) tissues, a species commonly encountered in the European archaeological record, was investigated.METHODSLipids were extracted from 10 modern red deer tissues obtained from the Slowinski National Park (Poland). Fatty acids were fractionated, methylated and analysed by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GCCIRMS). The δ13C values of n‐octadecanoic acid and n‐hexadecanoic acid, and the difference between these values (Δ13C), were compared with those from previously published ruminant fats.RESULTSNine of the ten deer carcass fats measured have Δ13C values of less than −3.3‰, the threshold previously used for classifying dairy products. Despite considerable overlap, dairy fats from domesticated ruminants with Δ13C values less than −4.3‰ are still distinguishable.CONCLUSIONSThe finding has implications for evaluating pottery use and early pastoralism. The processing of deer tissues and our revised criteria should be considered, especially where there is other archaeological evidence for their consumption. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation of Ecom50 values between mass spectrometers: effect of collision cell radiofrequency voltage on calculated survival yield
Authors: Hill Dennis W. , Baveghems Clive L. , Albaugh Daniel R. , Kormos Tzipporah M. , Lai Steven , Ng Hank K. , Grant David F. 
Published: September 2012

RATIONALEThe determination of the center‐of‐mass energy at which 50% of a precursor ion decomposes (Ecom50) during collision‐induced dissociation (CID) is dependent on the chemical structure of the ion as well as the physical and electrical characteristics of the collision cell. The current study was designed to identify variables influencing Ecom50 values measured on four different mass spectrometers.METHODSFifteen test compounds were protonated using + ve electrospray ionization and the resulting ions were fragmented across a range of collision energies by CID. Survival yield versus collision energy curves were then used to calculate Ecom50 values for each of these [M+H]+ ions on four different mass spectrometers. In addition, the relative recovery of the [M+H]+ ions of eight compounds ranging in molecular weight from 46 to 854 Da were determined at collision cell radiofrequency (RF) voltages ranging from 0 to 600 V.RESULTSEcom50 values determined on the four instruments were highly correlated (r2 values ranged from 0.953 to 0.992). Although these overall correlations were high, we found different maximum ion recoveries depending on collision cell RF voltage. High‐mass ions had greater recovery at higher collision cell RF voltages, whereas low‐mass ions had greater recovery at lower collision cell RF voltages as well as a broader range of ion recoveries.CONCLUSIONSEcom50 values measured on four different instruments correlated surprisingly well given the differences in electrical and physical characteristics of the collision cells. However, our results suggest caution when comparing Ecom50 values or CID spectra between instruments without correcting for the effects of RF voltage on ion transfer efficiency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous characterization of prenylated flavonoids and isoflavonoids in Psoralea corylifolia L. by liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Mei‐Juan , Wu Bin , Ding Tao , Chu Ji‐Hong , Li Chang‐Yin , Zhang Jun , Wu Ting , Wu Jian , Liu Shi‐Jia , Liu Shen‐Lin , Ju Wen‐Zheng , Li Ping 
Published: September 2012

RATIONALEPrenylated flavonoids and isoflavonoids are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom, with many biological effects. Psoralea corylifolia, which contains many kinds of prenylated components, has been widely used as a medicinal plant in Asia and India for thousands of years. The goal of this study was to characterize the components in P. corylifolia using a liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐DAD/Q‐TOF‐MS) method, and to elucidate the fragmentation behavior of the different prenyl substituent groups and their appropriate characteristic pathways in positive ion mode.METHODSThe calculated accurate masses of the protonated molecules, the fragment ions, the retention behavior, and the data from UV spectra were used for identification of the components in P. corylifolia.RESULTSA total of 45 compounds, including 43 prenylated components, were identified or tentatively identified in P. corylifolia. Different diagnostic fragment ions and neutral losses were observed in different prenyl substructures: neutral loss of 56 Da (C4H8) and a fragment ion at m/z 69 (C5H9+) were generated by a prenyl chain; neutral losses of 42 Da (C3H6), 54 Da (C4H6), 15 Da (CH3•) and 16 Da (CH4) were observed in a ring‐closed prenyl group; neutral losses of 72 Da (C4H8O), 60 Da (C2H4O2), 58 Da (C3H6O) and 18 Da (H2O) were detected in a 2,2‐dimethyl‐3,4‐dihydroxydihydropyran ring; neutral losses of 72 Da (C4H8O), 60 Da (C3H8O) and 18 Da (H2O) were yielded from a 2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐hydroxydihydropyran ring, a 2‐(1‐hydroxy‐1‐methylethyl)dihydrofuran ring or a 1‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbut‐3‐enyl chain.CONCLUSIONSThis method can be applied for analysis of prenylated components in P. corylifolia and other herbal medicines. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graph bootstrap percolation
Authors: Balogh József , Bollobás Béla , Morris Robert 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGraph bootstrap percolation is a deterministic cellular automaton which was introduced by Bollobás in 1968, and is defined as follows. Given a graph H, and a set
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of initially ‘infected’ edges, we infect, at each time step, a new edge e if there is a copy of H in
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such that e is the only not‐yet infected edge of H. We say that G percolates in the H‐bootstrap process if eventually every edge of
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is infected. The extremal questions for this model, when H is the complete graph
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}K_r\end{align*} \end{document}, were solved (independently) by Alon, Kalai and Frankl almost thirty years ago. In this paper we study the random questions, and determine the critical probability
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for the
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}K_r\end{align*} \end{document}‐process up to a poly‐logarithmic factor. In the case
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we prove a stronger result, and determine the threshold for
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}p_c(n,K_4)\end{align*} \end{document}. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012
Examining CEO succession and the role of heuristics in early‐stage CEO evaluation
Authors: Graffin Scott D. , Boivie Steven , Carpenter Mason A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study develops and tests predictions regarding factors that influence early‐stage CEO evaluation. We suggest that contextual elements of the CEO succession process will influence the heuristics that directors employ to aid in their early evaluation of a CEO because traditional performance metrics, such as firm performance, are less diagnostic of CEO quality in the first years of their tenure. Broad empirical support for our theoretical arguments is shown in a sample of Fortune 1000 firms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Similarities, challenges and opportunities of Wikipedia content and open source projects
Authors: Capiluppi Andrea 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSeveral years of research and evidence have demonstrated that open source software portals often contain a large amount of software projects that simply do not evolve, developed by relatively small communities, struggling to attract a sustained number of contributors. These portals have started to increasingly act as a storage for abandoned projects, and researchers and practitioners should try and point out how to take advantage of such content. Similarly, other online content portals (like Wikipedia) could be harvested for valuable content. In this paper we argue that, even with differences in the requested expertise, many projects reliant on content and contributions by users undergo a similar evolution, and follow similar patterns: when a project fails to attract contributors, it appears to be not evolving, or abandoned. Far from a negative finding, even those projects could provide valuable content that should be harvested and identified based on common characteristics: by using the attributes of ‘usefulness’ and ‘modularity’ we isolate valuable content in both Wikipedia pages and open source software projects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.