bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Biodegradable Polymer Versus Durable Polymer Sirolimus‐Eluting Stenting in Patients with Acute ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results of the RESOLVE Study
Authors: ZHANG QI , QIU JIAN PING , KIRTANE AJAY J. , ZHU TIAN QI , ZHANG RUI YAN , YANG ZHEN KUN , HU JIAN , DING FENG HUA , DU RUN , SHEN WEI FENG 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundSirolimus‐eluting stents (SES) with a biodegradable polymer coating have demonstrated promising results but have not been compared to SES with a durable polymer in high‐risk patients. We compared the efficacy of these 2 stent types in patients with acute myocardial infarction (STEMI).MethodsOne thousand one hundred ninety‐two STEMI patients were randomized to receive SES coated with biodegradable (n = 596) or durable polymer (n = 596). The study end‐point was the composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including all‐cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), or target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 1‐year follow‐up. Secondary end‐points included individual components of primary end‐point and stent thrombosis.ResultsCompared with durable polymer SES, the noninferiority of SES with biodegradable polymer coating was established by an absolute risk difference of 0.9% in the primary end‐point (12.4% vs. 13.3%, P = 0.67) and an upper limit of one‐sided 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.96% (P for noninferiority = 0.001). Rate of death, recurrent MI, and TLR were 7.9% and 8.6% (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.61–1.38, P = 0.67), 2.9% and 3.5% (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.42–1.54, P = 0.51), and 2.0% and 3.2% (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.30–1.30, P = 0.20) in the biodegradable polymer SES and durable polymer SES group at 1‐year clinical follow‐up, respectively. Despite similar rates of 30‐day ARC definite/probable stent thrombosis, late stent thrombosis (stent thrombosis occurring beyond 30 days) was lower with biodegradable polymer SES (0.7% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.028).ConclusionsIn patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI, the use of biodegradable polymer SES was associated with noninferior 1‐year rates of MACE compared with durable polymer SES. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:131–141)
A Tale of Two Cities: STEMI Interventions in Developed and Developing Countries and the Potential of Telemedicine to Reduce Disparities in Care
Authors: MEHTA SAMEER , BOTELHO ROBERTO , RODRIGUEZ DANIEL , FERNÁNDEZ FRANCISCO J. , OSSA MARIA M. , ZHANG TRACY , KOSTELA JENNIFER C. , REYNBAKH OLGA , FALCÃO BRENO , VELÁSQUEZ ALICIA HENAO , OLIVEROS ESTEFANIA , PENA CAMILO 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: To utilize telemedicine as a foundation platform for creating population‐based STEMI networks.Background: Disparate acute myocardial infarction (AMI) management occurs in developed and developing countries on account of differences in infrastructure resources. As a result, developed countries utilize primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and second‐ and third‐generation thrombolytic therapy, in contrast to developing countries, which primarily rely on earlier‐generation thrombolytic therapy and basic medical management. Reducing the vast gap in AMI care between developed and developing countries is an abysmally slow process.Methods: Remote access, telemedicine IT platforms, expert EKG interpretation, teleconsultation, and a strict quality assurance process are incorporated into a population‐based AMI network.Results: Lumen Americas Telemedicine Infarct Network (LATIN) is an applied hub‐and‐spoke strategy, which creates a telemedicine‐based STEMI management network across large populations. Primary PCI with targeted door‐to‐balloon times is the preferred strategy for the hub sites. Telemedicine‐guided accurate EKG interpretation and teleconsultation are applied at the spoke sites. An integrated IT platform is used to navigate an effective prehospital triage system. The pilot phase has created 100 LATIN sites in Brazil and Colombia.Conclusion: Telemedicine provides an attractive strategy to reduce the gaps that presently exist in managing AMI in developed and developing countries. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:155–166)
Reasons for nonuse of antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and thrombocytopaenia: a retrospective chart review from five European countries
Authors: Rizzetto M. , Grotzinger K. , Theodore D. , Demuth D. , Irving W. L. , Manns M. , Roughley A. , Forssen U. M. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryAntiviral therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of disease progression, liver damage and death in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. While interferon labels recommend that patients with platelet counts below 50 × 103/μL not receive interferon‐based therapy, it is unknown to what extent thrombocytopaenia influences treatment decisions in practice. This study profiles the reasons for withholding antiviral treatment in HCV patients with thrombocytopaenia in five European countries. Medical records of 466 patients who had HCV infection and thrombocytopaenia (platelet count <100 × 103/μL) in 2006 were retrospectively reviewed for clinical characteristics. Collected data included use of antiviral therapy and reasons for withholding therapy. In total 184 of 466 patients (39.5%) did not receive interferon‐based therapy during the study period, with treatment withheld most frequently due to multiple clinical characteristics including hepatic cirrhosis (16.3%), thrombocytopaenia (16.3%) and age >60 years (10.9%). The reasons for lack of treatment varied among countries, with thrombocytopaenia as a reason being more common in Italy (10.9%) and Spain (20.0%), and less common in France, Germany and the UK (3.2–7.1%). Overall, thrombocytopaenia was reported as the only reason for withholding treatment in 4.9% of untreated patients. This study demonstrates that thrombocytopaenia is one of many factors, indicative of the poor clinical state of the patient, that contributes to withholding antiviral treatment. In 4.9% of untreated patients, thrombocytopaenia can be considered as a modifiable factor to enable more HCV patients to receive guideline‐recommended therapy and thus improved clinical outcomes.
Is there ontogenetic shift in the capture traits of a prey‐specialized ant‐eating spider?
Authors: Cárdenas M. , Šedo O. , Pekár S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPredators have to deal with the problem of prey shifting during predator's ontogenesis. The ontogenetic shift in the prey capture of prey‐specialized species should be associated with a change in their predatory traits. Here, we focused on the ant‐eating Zodarion rubidum, a spider strictly specialized on ants. It uses potent venom to immobilize prey. We tested whether there is a change during the ontogenesis of the spider species in traits related to capture efficiency. We kept spiders from the juvenile to adult stage on a monotypic diet composed of one of four ant species, small and large ant species from two subfamilies. We tested the capture efficiency of all spiders at the beginning and at the end of the experiment after being reared on a certain ant species, and then we swapped the spiders and tested them with the other ant species. For each trial, we measured the number of attacks (bites) and the paralysis latency. Afterwards venom glands were extracted and analysed using MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry and 1D‐SDS‐PAGE gel electrophoresis. We found that spiders on all diets improved their capture efficiency during ontogenetic development. We hypothesize that the improvement was due to an increase in the amount of venom injected. Thus, we did not find an ontogenetic shift in the predatory traits. Nor was there a significant difference in the composition of low and high molecular weight venom compounds among diet groups, suggesting that the consumption of a prey has little effect on venom composition.
Viciousness and Circles of Ground
Authors: Bliss Ricki 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMetaphysicians of a certain stripe are almost unanimously of the view that grounding is necessarily irreflexive, asymmetric, transitive, and well‐founded. They deny the possibility of circles of ground and, therewith, the possibility of species of metaphysical coherentism. But what's so bad about circles of ground? One problem for coherentism might be that it ushers in anti‐foundationalism: grounding loops give rise to infinite regresses. And this is bad because infinite grounding regresses are vicious. This article argues that circles of ground do not necessarily give rise to infinite regresses, and where they do, those regresses are not necessarily vicious.
The Arabidopsis Exine Formation Defect (EFD) gene is required for primexine patterning and is critical for pollen fertility
Authors: Hu Jun , Wang Zhaodan , Zhang Liyao , Sun Meng‐xiang 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Exine, the outermost layer of a pollen grain, has important roles in protecting microspore cytoplasm and determining species‐specific interactions between pollen and stigma. The molecular mechanism underlying pollen exine formation, however, remains largely unknown.

Here, we report the characterization of an Arabidopsis male‐sterile mutant, efd, which exhibits male sterility in first‐forming flowers. The Exine Formation Defect (EFD) gene is strongly expressed in microsporocytes, tetrads and the tapetum, and encodes a nuclear‐localized de novo DNA methyltransferase.

Detailed observations revealed that EFD is involved in both callose wall and primexine formation during microsporogenesis. Microspores in tetrads are not well separated in efd due to an abnormal callose wall. Its plasma membrane undulation appears normal, but primexine patterning is impaired. Primexine matrix establishment and sporopollenin accumulation at specific positions are disturbed, and thus exine formation is totally blocked in efd.

We confirmed that EFD is required for pollen exine formation and male fertility via the regulation of callose wall and primexine formation. We also found that positional sporopollenin accumulation is not involved in regulating membrane undulation, but is related to the complete separation of tetrad microspores during primary exine patterning.
The contrasting effects of genome size, chromosome number and ploidy level on plant invasiveness: a global analysis
Authors: Pandit Maharaj K. , White Steven M. , Pocock Michael J. O. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryUnderstanding how species' traits relate to their status (e.g. invasiveness or rarity) is important because it can help to efficiently focus conservation and management effort and infer mechanisms affecting plant status. This is particularly important for invasiveness, in which proactive action is needed to restrict the establishment of potentially invasive plants.We tested the ability of genome size (DNA1C‐values) to explain invasiveness and compared it with cytogenetic traits (chromosome number and ploidy level). We considered 890 species from 62 genera, from across the angiosperm phylogeny and distributed from tropical to boreal latitudes.We show that invasiveness was negatively related to genome size and positively related to chromosome number (and ploidy level), yet there was a positive relationship between genome size and chromosome number; that is, our result was not caused by collinearity between the traits. Including both traits in explanatory models greatly increased the explanatory power of each.This demonstrates the potential unifying role that genome size, chromosome number and ploidy have as species' traits, despite the diverse impacts they have on plant physiology. It provides support for the continued cataloguing of cytogenetic traits and genome size of the world's flora.
When to use the Bonferroni correction
Authors: Armstrong Richard A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurposeThe Bonferroni correction adjusts probability (p) values because of the increased risk of a type I error when making multiple statistical tests. The routine use of this test has been criticised as deleterious to sound statistical judgment, testing the wrong hypothesis, and reducing the chance of a type I error but at the expense of a type II error; yet it remains popular in ophthalmic research. The purpose of this article was to survey the use of the Bonferroni correction in research articles published in three optometric journals, viz. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, Optometry & Vision Science, and Clinical & Experimental Optometry, and to provide advice to authors contemplating multiple testing.Recent findingsSome authors ignored the problem of multiple testing while others used the method uncritically with no rationale or discussion. A variety of methods of correcting p values were employed, the Bonferroni method being the single most popular. Bonferroni was used in a variety of circumstances, most commonly to correct the experiment‐wise error rate when using multiple ‘t’ tests or as a post‐hoc procedure to correct the family‐wise error rate following analysis of variance (anova). Some studies quoted adjusted p values incorrectly or gave an erroneous rationale.SummaryWhether or not to use the Bonferroni correction depends on the circumstances of the study. It should not be used routinely and should be considered if: (1) a single test of the ‘universal null hypothesis’ (Ho) that all tests are not significant is required, (2) it is imperative to avoid a type I error, and (3) a large number of tests are carried out without preplanned hypotheses.
The Retrograde P‐Wave Theory: Explaining ST Segment Depression in Supraventricular Tachycardia by Retrograde AV Node Conduction
Authors: RIVERA SANTIAGO , PAZ RICAPITO MARIA DE LA , CONDE DIEGO , VERDU MARIANO BADRA , ROUX JEAN FRANÇOIS , PAREDES FÉLIX AYALA 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundPseudo ischemic ST segment changes during supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) are not yet fully understood. Our aim was to determine whether venticulo‐atrial (VA) conduction during SVT may be a possible mechanism for ST depression (STd) in SVT.MethodsPatients undergoing SVT ablation (2010–2012) were analyzed (n = 72).Typical atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) were included. Those with STd were compared to those without STd. VA interval length, tachycardia cycle length (TCL), and retrograde P‐wave activation during SVT were assessed. Retrograde P waves arriving simultaneously with the ST segment (PWST) during SVT were considered, whenever an atrial electrogram (measured from the high right atrium) was “on time” with the ST segment.ResultsPatients with STd during SVT presented longer VA intervals than those without STd (VA 100 ± 37 ms vs VA 69 ± 22 ms; P = 0.006). No differences in TCL were observed (TCL 333 ± 35 ms vs TCL 360 ± 22 ms; P = 0.1). PWST was observed in 38.5% of patients with AVNRT and STd versus 0% in those without STd. The TCL was similar in both groups (355 ± 25 ms vs 334 ± 18 ms; P = 0.1). In patients with AVRT and STd, PWST was present in 81% of cases versus 0% in those without STd. The TCL was also similar (330 ± 29 ms vs 346 ± 17 ms; P = 0.1).ConclusionsSTd during SVT is observed at long VA intervals when the retrograde P wave matches the ST segment, without dependence on the TCL. This suggests that STd is not necessarily rate dependent but a result of a fusion between the ST segment and the P wave.
Biomolecular markers in assessment and treatment of asthma
Authors: Fatemi Farnaz , Sadroddiny Esmaeil , Gheibi Azam , Mohammadi Farsani Taiebeh , Kardar Gholam Ali 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAsthma is a chronic and heterogeneous inflammatory disorder with several different phenotypes. Whereas clinical features of asthma are non‐specific and pulmonary function tests are often insensitive, further development is needed for efficient treatment or even early diagnosis. Recently, several airway inflammatory biomarkers have emerged as valuable tools in diagnosis and management of asthma. The analysis of molecular markers of airways inflammation has provided promising and non‐invasive techniques that facilitate the detection of disease phenotypes as well as measurement of therapeutic efficacy. Although conventional treatments remain the preferred therapy, they do not adequately control some severe cases of asthma. Novel therapeutic agents have been developed to target various biomarkers involved in the inflammatory responses and have been investigated in patients with asthma. In this article, we summarized the most studied asthma biomarkers, derived from a variety of biological sources including exhaled gases, induced sputum, serum and urine. Likewise, the effects of current anti‐inflammatory asthma treatments on inflammatory biomarkers and some promising biomarkers for developing new targeted therapies are also discussed.
Available Extracorporeal Treatments for Poisoning: Overview and Limitations
Authors: Ouellet Georges , Bouchard Josée , Ghannoum Marc , Decker Brian Scott 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPoisoning is a significant public health problem. In severe cases, extracorporeal treatments (ECTRs) may be required to prevent or reverse major toxicity. Available ECTRs include intermittent hemodialysis, sustained low‐efficiency dialysis, intermittent hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration, continuous renal replacement therapy, hemoperfusion, therapeutic plasma exchange, exchange transfusion, peritoneal dialysis, albumin dialysis, cerebrospinal fluid exchange, and extracorporeal life support. The aim of this article was to provide an overview of the technical aspects, as well as the potential indications and limitations of the different ECTRs used for poisoned patients.
Character: The Prospects for a Personality‐Based Perspective on Morality
Authors: Fleeson William , Furr R. Michael , Jayawickreme Eranda , Meindl Peter , Helzer Erik G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn the early parts of the 20th century, character made up a major part of psychology, specifically of personality psychology. However, an influential observational study of children's moral behavior, conducted by Hartshorne, May, and colleagues in the 1920s, suggested that consistency in morality‐related behavior was lower than many people expected. Some psychologists interpreted such results to mean that there was no consistency in moral behavior and thus that there were no stable, meaningful individual differences in moral behavior – character did not exist. Recent years have witnessed a reinvigoration of character, ethics, and morality as objects of psychological study. Our purpose in this paper is to contribute to this reinvigoration by reviewing the use of the concept of “character” within psychology, considering whether the evidence supports the notion of moral character as a psychological construct, and suggesting new prospects for research on moral character.
Towards a Relationally and Action‐orientated Social Psychology of Homelessness
Authors: Hodgetts Darrin , Stolte Ottilie , Groot Shiloh 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHomelessness is a pressing social and health concern that literally embodies broader inequities in society. This article provides an introduction to research in social psychology on homelessness and an emerging research agenda that situates the contributions of social psychologists within the broader social science effort. Attention is given to the consequences of homelessness, definitional issues, the relevance of a turn to place and interpersonal and intergroup relationships, and the importance of an action‐orientated agenda for responding to the complexities of homelessness.
Was It One of Us? How People Cope with Misconduct by Fellow Ingroup Members
Authors: Otten Sabine , Gordijn Ernestine H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHow do group members cope with misconduct by members of their own group? Strong evidence for a positive bias in people's evaluations of their own group and its members suggests that an ingroup perpetrator is likely to be treated more leniently than an outgroup perpetrator. However, research has also demonstrated a “Black Sheep‐Effect”, such that ingroup members who deviate negatively from relevant ingroup norms are evaluated and punished even more harshly than outgroup deviants. Both reactions – positive ingroup bias and the Black Sheep Effect – may serve the same goal, namely maintaining positive regard for the ingroup. In this paper, we present several moderators that have been shown to affect responses to negative ingroup deviance. We propose a model that incorporates and organizes these moderators in order to predict whether negatively deviant ingroup members will receive especially lenient or rather harsh and negative evaluations from their fellow ingroup members.
Gene–gene interactions of IRF5, STAT4, IKZF1 and ETS1 in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Dang J. , Shan S. , Li J. , Zhao H. , Xin Q. , Liu Y. , Bian X. , Liu Q. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractInterferon (IFN) activation signaling and T helper 17 (Th17)‐cell/B‐cell regulation play a critical role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Several studies have provided convincing evidence that polymorphisms in IRF5, STAT4, IKZF1 and ETS1 from these pathways may be involved in SLE by affecting gene expression or epistasis. We analyzed the genetic interaction in known SLE susceptibility loci from the four genes in northern Han Chinese. A total of 946 northern Han Chinese participated in this study (370 unrelated SLE patients and 576 healthy controls). Subjects underwent genotyping for the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2004640 in IRF5, rs7574865 in STAT4, rs4917014 in IKZF1 and rs1128334 in ETS1 by use of a TaqMan SNP genotyping assay and direct sequencing. Gene–gene interaction analysis involved direct counting, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) and linear regression analysis. SLE patients and controls differed in allele frequencies of rs7574865, rs1128334 (P < 0.001) and rs4917014 (P < 0.01). Direct counting revealed that the frequency of risk homozygote combinations was higher for SLE patients than controls (P < 0.01). Furthermore, 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐way gene–gene epistasis in SLE was confirmed by parametric methods and MDR analysis. Gene expression analysis partially supported the findings. Our study confirmed the association of the IFN pathway or Th17/B‐cells and the pathogenesis of SLE, and gene–gene interaction in this pathway may increase the risk of SLE.