bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impulse oscillometry in patients with persistent post‐COVID‐19 symptoms: A retrospective study
Authors: Lu Chun‐Yu , Lin Sheng‐Hao , Chen Chun‐Min 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionImpaired lung function has been observed in patients following COVID‐19 infection, with studies reporting persistent lung volume and diffusing capacity impairments. Some studies have demonstrated significantly higher small airway resistance in COVID‐19 positive cases. This retrospective study aims to examine impulse oscillometry (IOS) data of patients with persistent symptoms after COVID‐19 infection, focusing on the relationship between time and symptoms.Material and MethodThe study analyzed data from adult patients with persistent symptoms who underwent IOS testing within and after 84 days from the diagnosis date.ResultThe results showed that patients within 84 days and those between 31 and 84 days had higher small airway resistance values, indicating peripheral airway disease. Patients with dyspnea exhibited higher IOS values compared to those with cough symptoms, suggesting more significant impairment in the peripheral airways.ConclusionThe study highlights the importance of using comprehensive diagnostic tools like IOS to assess respiratory impairments in post‐COVID‐19 patients, particularly in the small airways. Understanding the relationship between time and symptoms can provide valuable insights for the treatment of peripheral airway dysfunction in post‐COVID‐19 patients.
Predictors of 30‐day mortality following the first episode of stroke among patients admitted at referral hospitals in Dodoma, central Tanzania: A prospective longitudinal observational study
Authors: Chongolo Anna M. , Alphonce Baraka , Mbelele Peter M. , Meda John , Nyundo Azan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsStroke is the leading cause of disability and the second most common cause of death after ischemic heart disease worldwide. Understanding predictors of early poststroke mortality provides opportunities for interventions and favorable outcomes. This study aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of 30‐day mortality among patients admitted with the first stroke at referral hospitals in Dodoma.MethodsA prospective longitudinal observational design enrolled patients with acute stroke confirmed by CT scan or MRI admitted at referral hospitals in Dodoma. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was used to assess stroke severity at baseline. A comparison of risk factors, clinical profiles, and mortality was done using the Chi‐square test. A logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of 30‐day mortality in patients with the stroke while the 30‐day probability of survival was estimated using Kaplan−Meier analysis.ResultsOut of 226 patients with first‐ever stroke, 121(54%) were males, and the population mean age was 63(15) years. The 140(62%) had Ischemic stroke, and 154(68%) survived at the 30th day. Patients with a history of smoking 2.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) (1.0−5.6), p = 0.048], loss of consciousness 2.7 [95% CI (1.2−6.4; p = 0.019] and unequal pupil size 13.7 [95% CI (4.1−58.1, p < 0.001 were significantly more associated with mortality within 30 days. The median survival was 7 (3−9) days, whereas alcohol drinkers and those aged above 60 years had a shorter time to mortality compared to non‐alcohol drinkers and those aged <60 years.ConclusionThe study showed a high incidence of mortality within 30 days after the first stroke episode, with the highest proportion dying within 7 days of being hospitalized. Advanced age of ≥60 years, smoking, alcohol use, and severe stroke at admission warrant special attention.
Preferences of Iranian medical students for selecting the compulsory service plan packages: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Homaie Rad Enayatollah , Hajizadeh Mohamad , Rajabpour Mohammad , Mohtasham‐Amiri Zahra , Rahbar‐Taramsari Morteza , Bahador Faezeh , Esmaeili Shoja Ehsan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsHealth policymakers face challenges in designing compulsory plan packages for medical students to encourage them to work in disadvantaged regions. Using a discrete choice experiment, this study assessed the preferences of medical students for selecting the compulsory service plan packages in Guilan Province, Iran.MethodsIn total, 374 medical students responded to a survey inquiring about salary, distance from their residency city, availability of welfare amenities, work difficulty, the developmental status of their workplace, contract duration, and preference for urban or rural work settings.ResultsThe study revealed that students favor a compulsory service package that provides higher salaries and shorter contract duration. They also show a preference for working within their home province over other factors. For the opportunity to serve in their city of residence, they would forgo an average of US$77.93 per month.ConclusionWhile financial incentives were the primary consideration for medical students when choosing compulsory service packages, a range of nonfinancial factors significantly influenced their decisions as well.
Evidence of the validity of the child self‐regulation & behaviour questionnaire for the Brazilian context
Authors: Lemos Natália Batista Albuquerque Goulart , Carson Valerie , Howard Steven , Cristi‐Montero Carlos , da Cunha Glacithane Lins , Mota Jéssica Gomes , Okely Antony , Bandeira Paulo Felipe Ribeiro , de Lucena Martins Clarice Maria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPoor early childhood self‐regulation is related to many mental health problems and antisocial behaviours, so it is important to use psychometrically sound instruments to assess children's self‐regulation and behavioural development. The aim of this study is to report the translation, adaptation, as well as explore the construct validity of the child self‐regulation & behaviour questionnaire (CSBQ) for the Brazilian context. The process consisted of different steps, such as transcultural translation, item intelligibility analysis, and psychometric analysis based on classical and contemporary theories. The validation process was carried out on a sample of 277 parents/caregivers (35.00 ± 6.72 years old) of 281 children (4.92 ± 1.45 years old; 156 females). The final Brazilian version showed adequate values of semantic, idiomatic, and conceptual equivalence. The validation process resulted in a seven‐dimensional model with 33 items. The validation of Brazilian CSBQ is promising for investigating early self‐regulation and behaviour problems in low‐middle income contexts.
Investigating the Involvement of C−X−C Motif Chemokine 5 and P2X7 Purinoceptor in Ectopic Calcification in Mouse Models of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Rumney Robin M. H. , Pomeroy Joanna , Górecki Dariusz C. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTEctopic calcification of myofibers is an early pathogenic feature in patients and animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In previous studies using the Dmdmdx‐βgeo mouse model, we found that the dystrophin‐null phenotype exacerbates this abnormality and that mineralised myofibers are surrounded by macrophages. Furthermore, the P2X7 purinoceptor, functioning in immune cells offers protection against dystrophic calcification. In the present study, by exploring transcriptomic data from Dmdmdx mice, we hypothesised these effects to be mediated by C−X−C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) downstream of P2X7 activation. We found that CXCL5 is upregulated in the quadriceps muscles of Dmdmdx‐βgeo mice compared to wild‐type controls. In contrast, at the cell level, dystrophic (SC5) skeletal muscle cells secreted less CXCL5 chemokine than wild‐type (IMO) controls. Although release from IMO cells was increased by P2X7 activation, this could not explain the elevated CXCL5 levels observed in dystrophic muscle tissue. Instead, we found that CXCL5 is released by dystrophin‐null macrophages in response to P2X7 activation, suggesting that macrophages are the source of CXCL5 in dystrophic muscles. The effects of CXCL5 upon mineralisation were investigated using the Alizarin Red assay to quantify calcium deposition in vitro. In basal (low phosphate) media, CXCL5 increased calcification in IMO but not SC5 myoblasts. However, in cultures treated in high phosphate media, to mimic dysregulated phosphate metabolism occurring in DMD, CXCL5 decreased calcification in both IMO and SC5 cells. These data indicate that CXCL5 is part of a homoeostatic mechanism regulating intracellular calcium, that CXCL5 can be released by macrophages in response to the extracellular ATP damage‐associated signal, and that CXCL5 can be part of a damage response to protect against ectopic calcification. This mechanism is affected by DMD gene mutations.
The Prognostic Biomarker RAB7A Promotes Growth and Metastasis of Liver Cancer Cells by Regulating Glycolysis and YAP1 Activation
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Yuan , Zhu Xilin , Liu Ying , Wu Xiaopan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTActivating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and its downstream genes are involved in progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we demonstrated that sulfhydration of Ras‐related protein Rab‐7a (RAB7A) was regulated by ATF6. High expression of RAB7A indicated poor prognosis of HCC patients. RAB7A overexpression contributed to proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 and Hep3B cells. Furthermore, we found that RAB7A enhanced aerobic glycolysis in HepG2 cells, indicating a higher degree of tumor malignancy. Mechanistically, RAB7A suppressed Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) binding to 14‐3‐3 and conduced to YAP1 nuclear translocation and activation, promoting its downstream gene expression, thereby promoting growth and metastasis of liver cancer cells. In addition, knocking down RAB7A attenuated the progression of orthotopic liver tumors in mice. These findings illustrate the important role of RAB7A in regulating HCC progression. Thus, RAB7A may be a potential innovative target for HCC treatment.
Monovalent cation binding to model systems and the macrocyclic depsipeptide, emodepside
Authors: Subramanian Govindan , Manchanda Kanika , Mo Yirong , Sathe Rohit Y. , Bharatam Prasad V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the systematic exploration of the emodepside conformations bound to monovalent K+ ion using quantum mechanical density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M06‐2X/6‐31+G(d,p) level of theory. Nine conformers of emodepside and their complexes with K+ ion were characterized as stationary points on the potential energy surface. The conformational isomers were examined for their 3D structures, bonding, energetics, and interactions with the cation. A cavitand‐like structure (CC) is identified to be the energetically most stable arrangement. To arrive at a better understanding of the K+ ion binding, calculations were initially performed on complexes formed by the K+ and Na+ ions with model ligands (methyl ester and N,N‐dimethyl acetamide). Both the natural bond orbital (NBO) method and the block‐localized wavefunction (BLW) energy decomposition approach was employed to assess the bonding and energetic contributions stabilizing the ion‐bound model complexes. Finally, the solvent effect was evaluated through complete geometry optimizations and energy minimizations for the model ion‐ligand complexes and the emodepside‐K+ bound complexes using an implicit solvent model mimicking water and DMSO.
When consumer decisions are moral decisions: Moral Foundations Theory and its implications for consumer psychology
Authors: Ramos Guilherme A. , Johnson Wayne , VanEpps Eric M. , Graham Jesse 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough researchers have considered the role of morality in consumer psychology over the years, such investigations often fail to (a) recognize the different values that consumers might hold, and (b) provide proper context for why different moral considerations emerge. Moral Foundations Theory (MFT; Graham et al., Advances in experimental social psychology, 2013, Academic Press; Haidt & Joseph, Daedalus, 2004, 133, 55) provides just such a conceptual framework for understanding the diversity of moral thought that exists across cultures and demographic groups. MFT describes morality not as a monolithic entity, but as a pluralistic set of intuitive values that were shaped by evolutionary pressures and edited by distinct cultures. We review the central claims of MFT and describe how the theory can offer new insights when applied to consumer psychology, providing examples from existing research on persuasion, emotion, and prosocial behavior.
What moral identity and competing selves can add to moral foundations theory: Comment on Ramos, Johnson, VanEpps & Graham (2024)
Authors: Reed Americus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn a provocative and insightful analysis, Ramos et al. (Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2024) propose the introduction of Moral Foundations Theory (hereafter MFT)—as a useful framework to (1) explain moral consumer decision‐making more granularly and (2) set forth unique, testable future hypotheses in the field of marketing and consumer psychology. I discuss and build on their analysis to expand (1) but also narrow (2). I couch their conceptualization in the context of a multiple‐identity framework (Consumer Psychology Review, 2021, 4, 100) and move slightly away from their useful but perhaps more taxonomic approach. I try to buttress their work by situating MFT in the context of how the process of moral identity (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2002, 83, 1423) competes with other identities (cf. Journal of Marketing Research, 2020, 57, 375; Current Opinion in Psychology 2016, 10, 94) to help determine when and how the building blocks of moral foundations may become critical drivers of consumption in the areas of persuasion, emotions, and prosocial charitable consumer behavior.
Revisiting calculation of tilt angles for double‐tilt sample holders in transmission electron microscopes
Authors: Li Xing‐Zhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe revisited the formula related to the overall tilt angle of a specimen using a side‐entry double‐tilt sample holder in a transmission electron microscope. Initially, we examined existing formulas in the literature for calculating the overall tilt angle. Subsequently, a new formula was derived, proven to better account for the actions of the double‐tilt holder, thereby providing improved accuracy in the calculation. This newly derived formula has been implemented in the Landyne software suite. Furthermore, we demonstrated the accuracy of the new formula through examples.Research HighlightsA new formula has been derived to calculate overall tilt angles for side‐entry double‐tilt holders in TEM.
The relationship between the South China Sea summer monsoon onset and North Pacific meridional sea surface temperature anomalies
Authors: Zhao Yuxuan , Liu Ruoyu , Yao Chenwei , Li Shuai , Wu Zhiwei , Gong Zhiqiang , Feng Guolin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the connection between significant sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Pacific during boreal spring (February–April, FMA) and the subsequent South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset. The SST anomalies, similar to the Pacific meridional mode (PMM), referred to as the PMM+ mode, are defined to examine the new influencing factor on the SCSSM onset. Our findings reveal that the (February–March–April, FMA) PMM+ has a noteworthy positive correlation with the subsequent May SCSSM onset date, with this correlation being minimally affected by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during preceding winter. A robust positive PMM+ in boreal spring can be persist until May via atmosphere–ocean interaction. The cooling area over Western North Pacific would reduce precipitation heating, thereby generating Rossby waves that reinforce the formation of the anomalous anticyclone over the SCS. As a result, easterly winds and suppressed convection prevail over the SCS, making the SCSSM break out later than normal. Furthermore, the amplification of anticyclonic vorticity anomalies also strengthens the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) stronger and shifts its position further westward compared to normal years, thereby blocking active convection to the west of the SCS. Given the weakened relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the SCSSM onset in recent years, the PMM+ could be considered as a promising preceding signal for the SCSSM onset, thus holding significant implications for the SCSSM prediction efforts.
Extreme climate events and future population exposure under climate change in the Huaihe River basin of China based on CMIP6 multimodel ensembles projections
Authors: Yao Tian , Wu Chuanhao , Yeh Pat J.‐F. , Li Jiayun , Wang Xuan , Cheng Jiahao , Zhou Jun , Hu Bill X. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Huaihe River basin (HRB) of China located in the climate transition zone between warm temperate and subtropical areas is highly sensitive to climatic change. However, the changes in future climate extreme events under anthropogenic warming and the population exposure to these climate extremes in HRB remain unexplored. Here, using the eight commonly used extreme climate indices and based on the bias‐corrections of 16 global climate models (GCMs) in CMIP6, we present a projection and uncertainty analysis of extreme events and investigate the corresponding population exposure risk in HRB under three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP5‐8.5). The 16‐GCM ensemble mean projects an evident warming trend under all three scenarios with a total increase of 25.6–68.0 days in summer days (>25°C) by the end of the century in HRB. Larger increases (decreases) in maximum and minimum temperatures (frost days) are projected in the western HRB. Very heavy rain days (R20mm), maximum 5‐day precipitation (RX5day) and simple daily intensity index (SDII) will experience intensification across most of HRB (especially in southern and western HRB). The consecutive dry days is projected to decrease in northwestern HRB and increase in southern HRB. However, there is a large spatial variability in GCM uncertainty with a higher SSP scenario generally having higher uncertainty. Increases in summer days and R20mm exacerbate population exposure in HRB in near future (2030–2059), but in far future (2070–2099) although summer days (R20mm) continues to rise, population exposure is expected to decrease due to the rapid decline in population density.
Research on the visual location method for strawberry picking points under complex conditions based on composite models
Authors: Xie Hehe , Zhang Zhijie , Zhang Kailiang , Yang Li , Zhang Dongxing , Yu Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundStrawberry, being an important economic crop, requires a large amount of human labor for harvesting operations. Efficient and non‐destructive harvesting by strawberry harvesting robots requires the precise location of the picking points. Current algorithms for locating picking points encounter significant issues with location errors and minimal effective information in complex situations.ResultsTo improve the accuracy of the location of picking points, this study proposes a visual location method based on composite models. This method employs object detection and instance segmentation models to detect fruits and segment peduncles sequentially, thereby enabling the identification of picking points and inclination on the peduncle. Different object detection algorithms and instance segmentation models were validated to explore the optimal model combination, and the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) was integrated into YOLOv8s‐seg to construct YOLOv8s‐seg‐CBAM. Test results show that the composite model built with YOLOv8s and YOLOv8s‐seg‐CBAM achieved a peduncle detection accuracy of 86.2%, with an inference time of 30.6 ms per image.ConclusionThe picking point visual location method based on YOLOv8s and YOLOv8s‐seg‐CBAM composite models can better balance accuracy and efficiency and can provide more accurate guidance for automated harvesting. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Diagnostic accuracy of GPT‐4 on common clinical scenarios and challenging cases
Authors: Rutledge Geoffrey W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionLarge language models (LLMs) have a high diagnostic accuracy when they evaluate previously published clinical cases.MethodsWe compared the accuracy of GPT‐4's differential diagnoses for previously unpublished challenging case scenarios with the diagnostic accuracy for previously published cases.ResultsFor a set of previously unpublished challenging clinical cases, GPT‐4 achieved 61.1% correct in its top 6 diagnoses versus the previously reported 49.1% for physicians. For a set of 45 clinical vignettes of more common clinical scenarios, GPT‐4 included the correct diagnosis in its top 3 diagnoses 100% of the time versus the previously reported 84.3% for physicians.ConclusionsGPT‐4 performs at a level at least as good as, if not better than, that of experienced physicians on highly challenging cases in internal medicine. The extraordinary performance of GPT‐4 on diagnosing common clinical scenarios could be explained in part by the fact that these cases were previously published and may have been included in the training dataset for this LLM.
Of happy larks and unhappy owls: Why morning versus evening types feel different levels of happiness from experiential versus material purchases
Authors: Banerjee Pramit , Minchael Shashi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPeople can identify as morning types or evening types. Research has shown that evening types are generally less happy and have a lower sense of well‐being. While there is limited research in consumer psychology on chronotypes, one question may be asked: Would they gain from the experiential advantage (where people elicit greater happiness from experiential vs. material purchases) and become happier? We find that evening types, in fact, elicit lower levels of happiness from their experiential purchases compared to morning types and, in effect, feel happier from their material purchases. Furthermore, this is because of the greater subjective distance they feel from their experiential purchases. This research contributes to our understanding of long‐term happiness in a significant section of society—evening types and also calls on researchers to explore the topic of evening chronotype happiness and well‐being in greater depth from a marketing perspective.