bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homotopy Perturbation Method for Solving Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Mohyud-Din Syed Tauseef , Noor Muhammad Aslam 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We apply a relatively new technique which is called the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) for solving linear and nonlinear partial differential equations. The suggested algorithm is quite efficient and is practically well suited for use in these problems. The proposed iterative scheme finds the solution without any discretization, linearization or restrictive assumptions. Several examples are given to verify the reliability and efficiency of the method. The fact that the HPM solves nonlinear problems without using Adomian’s polynomials can be considered as a clear advantage of this technique over the decomposition method
Blow Up of Solutions for a System of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Equations with Damping Terms in Rn
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Yub Shengqi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We consider a coupled system of nonlinear viscoelastic equations with linear damping and source terms. Under suitable conditions of the initial data and the relaxation functions, we prove a finitetime blow-up result with vanishing initial energy by using the modified energy method and a crucial lemma on differential inequality
Effects of Grain Size on the Bremsstrahlung Spectrum of Electron-Dust Grain Collisions in Dusty Plasmas
Authors: Kim Seo-Hee , Jung Young-Dae 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The grain size effects on the bremsstrahlung emission spectrum due to nonrelativisitc electrondust grain collisions are investigated in dusty plasmas. Using the Born approximation for the initial and final states of the projectile electron, the bremsstranhlung radiation cross section is obtained as a function of the grain size, dust charge, Debye radius, collision energy, and radiation photon energy. It is found that the effects of the grain size enhance the bremsstrahlung radiation cross section, especially for soft-photon radiations. The effect of the Debye radius on the bremsstrahlung cross section is found to be increased with an increase of the magnitude of the charge number of the dust grain. In addition, the grain size effect on the bremsstrahlung spectrum is found to be more significant for highly charged dusty grains
Screened Collision-Induced Quantum Interference in Collisional Plasmas
Authors: Na Sang-Chul , Jung Young-Dae 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effects of neutral particle collisions on the quantum interference in electron-electron collisions are investigated in collisional plasmas. The effective potential model taking into account the electronneutral particle collision effects is employed in order to obtain the electron-electron collision cross section including the total spin states of the collision system. It is found that the collision effects significantly enhance the cross section. In addition, the collision-induced quantum interference effects are found to be significant in the singlet spin state. It is shown that the quantum interference effects decrease with increasing the thermal energy of the plasma. It is also shown that the quantum interference effects increase with an increase of the collision energy
Report on the State of Research in the 5-Dimensional Projective Unified Field Theory
Authors: Schmutzer Ernst 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The author presents a historical sketch of the projective relativity theory before and (with new qualitative arguments) after World War II. Then he treats the development of his Projective Unified Field Theory since 1957 up till now with applications to a closed cosmological model, with the result of a vanishing big bang and satisfying numerical cosmological parameters in good agreement with the experiments.
Affinity and Reaction Rates: Reconsideration of Theoretical Background and Modelling Results
Authors: Pekař Miloslav 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The phenomenological affinity approach to chemical kinetics based on mass-action rate expression is revised. It is shown that the reaction rate is not an unambiguous function of affinity and that in ideal mixtures with only elementary reactions thermodynamic coupling, i. e. a positive reaction rate and negative affinity of some reaction step at the same time, is not possible. Neither does thermodynamic coupling occur in a non-ideal system of elementary reactions where the mass-action rate equation is written with activities in place of concentrations. The non-ideality and/or non-equality of reaction orders to stoichiometric coefficients lead to more complex affinity-rate relationships than commonly given which puts no explicit restrictions on affinity and rate signs. Theoretical considerations are completed with results of numerical modelling made on several simple mechanisms. Various combinations of affinity and rate signs and complex affinity-rate profiles were obtained. Modelling results support the idea that affinity is much more a result of the time evolution of a reacting system and corresponding time profiles of concentrations than the actual cause of reaction rates.
Investigation on Dynamics of the Extended Duffing-Van der Pol System
Authors: Yu Jun , Li Jieru 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The chaotic motion in periodic self-excited oscillators has been extensively investigated through experiments and computer simulations. However, with the advent of the study of chaotic motion by means of strange attractors, Poincar´e map, fractal dimension, it has become necessary to seek for a better understanding of nonlinear system with higher order nonlinear terms. In this paper we consider an extended Duffing-Van der Pol oscillator by introducing a nonlinear quintic term. The dynamical behaviour of the system is investigated by using Melnikov analysis and numerical simulation. The results can help one to understand the essence of given nonlinear system.
Double Wronskian Solution and Conservation Laws for a Generalized Variable-Coefficient Higher-Order Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation in Optical Fibers
Authors: Meng Xiang-Hua , Zhu Hong-Wu , Li Juan , Yao Zhen-Zhi , Tian Bo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
With applications in the higher-power and femtosecond optical transmission regime, a generalized variable-coefficient higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger (VC-HNLS) equation is analytically investigated. The multi-solitonic solutions of the generalized VC-HNLS equation in double Wronskian form is constructed and further verified using the Wronskian technique. Additionally, an infinite number of conservation laws for such an equation are presented. Finally, discussions and conclusions on results are made with figures plotted.
Rotatory Thermosolutal Convection in a Couple-Stress Fluid
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Singh Mahinder 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The thermosolutal instability of couple-stress fluid in the presence of uniform vertical rotation is considered. Following the linearized stability theory and normal mode analysis, the dispersion is obtained. For the case of stationary convection, the stable solute gradient and rotation have stabilizing effects on the system, whereas the couple-stress has both stabilizing and destabilizing effects. The dispersion relation is also analyzed numerically. The stable solute gradient and the rotation introduce oscillatory modes in the system, which did not occur in their absence. The sufficient conditions for the non-existence of overstability are also obtained.
Effects of Concentration, Temperature and Hydrostatic Pressure on the Local Lattice Structure of Ni2+ Doped Zn(BF4)2 · 6H2O Crystal
Authors: Gao Ming-Liang , Kuang Xiao-Yu , Li Hui-Fang , Wanga Huai-Qian 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A theoretical method for studying the inter-relationship between electronic and molecular structure is presented by means of complete energy matrices. As an application, the effects of temperature, concentration and hydrostatic pressure on the local structures of Ni2+ doped Zn(BF4)2 ・6H2O crystal have been studied. Our results show that the local lattice structures of [Ni(H2O)6]2+ coordination complex have expansion distortions as the temperature rises. Meanwhile, we find that the local structure parameter θ becomes smaller with the increasing concentration of Ni2+ ions doped in Zn(BF4)2 ・6H2O crystal. Furthermore, the pressure dependence of θ and anisotropic g-factors are discussed and the relationship between zero-field splitting parameter D and Δg is determined.
New Exact Travelling Wave Solutions of Nonlinear Coagulation Problem with Mass Loss
Authors: El-Wakil El-Said A. , Abulwafa Essam M. , Abdou Mohammed A. 
Published: February 2015

This paper suggests a generalized F-expansion method for constructing new exact travelling wave solutions of a nonlinear coagulation problem with mass loss. This method can be used as an alternative to obtain analytical and approximate solutions of different types of kernel which are applied in physics. The nonlinear kinetic equation, which is an integro differential equation, is transformed into a differential equation using Laplace’s transformation. The inverse Laplace transformation of the solution gives the size distribution function of the system.
As a result, many exact travelling wave solutions are obtained which include new periodic wave solutions, trigonometric function solutions, and rational solutions. The method is straightforward and concise,and it can also be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations arising in mathematical physics.
Raman Spectroscopic Study of a New Type of Room Temperature ZnCl2-DMSO2 Molten Salts
Authors: Yanga Chao-Chen , Hsu Hsin-Yi 
Published: February 2015

In this study, Raman spectra of binary zinc chloride-dimethylsulfone (ZnCl2-DMSO2) melts have been measured. The intra-molecular vibrations of group and ionic species have been confirmed and discussed. From the Raman spectrum analysis and discussions, the equilibrium reaction equation about the complex ions forming in the ZnCl2-DMSO2 melt is submitted, such as
n ZnCl2+n(n−2)(CH3)2SO2 ⇔ 2ZnCln
2−n +(n−2) Zn[(CH3)2SO2]n
2+, (n ≧ 3).
However, the Raman spectra reveal that the ZnCl4
2− (375 cm−1) and ZnCl3 − (290 cm−1) complexes are the major ions for the 40 - 90 mol%ZnCl2 melts; furthermore, as the DMSO2 content is increased, the binary melt advantage the forming of Zn[(CH3)2SO2]n
2+ complex ion and promote its transport characteristic
Amygdala Dopamine Receptors Are Required for the Destabilization of a Reconsolidating Appetitive Memory
Authors: Merlo Emiliano , Ratano Patrizia , Ilioi Elena C. , Robbins Miranda A.L.S. , Everitt Barry J. , Milton Amy L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDisrupting maladaptive memories may provide a novel form of treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders, but little is known about the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the induction of lability, or destabilization, of a retrieved consolidated memory. Destabilization has been theoretically linked to the violation of expectations during memory retrieval, which, in turn, has been suggested to correlate with prediction error (PE). It is well-established that PE correlates with dopaminergic signaling in limbic forebrain structures that are critical for emotional learning. The basolateral amygdala is a key neural substrate for the reconsolidation of pavlovian reward-related memories, but the involvement of dopaminergic mechanisms in inducing lability of amygdala-dependent memories has not been investigated. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that dopaminergic signaling within the basolateral amygdala is required for the destabilization of appetitive pavlovian memories by investigating the effects dopaminergic and protein synthesis manipulations on appetitive memory reconsolidation in rats. Intra-amygdala administration of either the D1-selective dopamine receptor antagonist SCH23390 or the D2-selective dopamine receptor antagonist raclopride prevented memory destabilization at retrieval, thereby protecting the memory from the effects of an amnestic agent, the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin. These data show that dopaminergic transmission within the basolateral amygdala is required for memory labilization during appetitive memory reconsolidation.
Dynamic Input Conductances Shape Neuronal Spiking
Authors: Drion Guillaume , Franci Alessio , Dethier Julie , Sepulchre Rodolphe 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAssessing the role of biophysical parameter variations in neuronal activity is critical to the understanding of modulation, robustness, and homeostasis of neuronal signalling. The paper proposes that this question can be addressed through the analysis of dynamic input conductances. Those voltage-dependent curves aggregate the concomitant activity of all ion channels in distinct timescales. They are shown to shape the current−voltage dynamical relationships that determine neuronal spiking. We propose an experimental protocol to measure dynamic input conductances in neurons. In addition, we provide a computational method to extract dynamic input conductances from arbitrary conductance-based models and to analyze their sensitivity to arbitrary parameters. We illustrate the relevance of the proposed approach for modulation, compensation, and robustness studies in a published neuron model based on data of the stomatogastric ganglion of the crabCancer borealis.
Acetylcholine Acts through Nicotinic Receptors to Enhance the Firing Rate of a Subset of Hypocretin Neurons in the Mouse Hypothalamus through Distinct Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Wen-Liang , Gao Xiao-Bing , Picciotto Marina R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHypocretin/orexin neurons regulate many behavioral functions, including addiction. Nicotine acts through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to alter firing rate of neurons throughout the brain, leading to addiction-related behaviors. While nAChRs are expressed in the hypothalamus and cholinergic fibers project to this structure, it is unclear how acetylcholine modulates the activity of hypocretin neurons. In this study, we stimulated hypocretin neurons in mouse brain slices with ACh in the presence of atropine to dissect presynaptic and postsynaptic modulation of these neurons through nAChRs. Approximately one-third of tested hypocretin neurons responded to pressure application of ACh (1 mM) with an increase in firing frequency. Stimulation of postsynaptic nAChRs with ACh or nicotine resulted in a highly variable inward current in approximately one-third of hypocretin neurons. In contrast, ACh or nicotine (1 µM) reliably decreased the frequency of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs). Antagonism of nAChRs with mecamylamine also suppressed mEPSC frequency, suggesting that an endogenous, tonic activation of presynaptic nAChRs might be required for maintaining functional mEPSC frequency. Antagonism of heteromeric (α4β2) or homomeric (α7) nAChRs alone suppressed mEPSCs to a lesser extent. Finally, blocking internal calcium release reduced the frequency of mEPSCs, occluding the suppressive effect of presynaptic ACh. Taken together, these data provide a mechanism by which phasic ACh release enhances the firing of a subset of hypocretin neurons through postsynaptic nAChRs, but disrupts tonic, presynaptic nAChR-mediated glutamatergic inputs to the overall population of hypocretin neurons, potentially enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio during the response of the nAChR-positive subset of neurons.
Sonic Hedgehog pathway is upregulated in adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas
Authors: Gomes D C , Jamra S A , Leal L F , Colli L M , Campanini M L , Oliveira R S , Martinelli C E , Elias P C L , Moreira A C , Machado H R , Saggioro F , Neder L , Castro M , Antonini S R 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesPituitary stem cells play a role in the oncogenesis of human adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (aCPs). We hypothesized that crosstalk between the Wnt/β-catenin and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathways, both of which are important in normal pituitary development, would contribute to the pathogenesis of aCPs.DesignTo explore the mRNA and protein expression of components of the SHH signaling pathway in aCPs and their relationship with the identification of CTNNB1/β-catenin mutations and patients outcomes.Patients and methodsIn 18 aCP samples, CTNNB1 was sequenced, and the mRNA expression levels of SHH pathway members (SHH, PTCH1, SMO, GLI1, GLI2, GLI3, and SUFU) and SMO, GLI1, GLI3, SUFU, β-catenin, and Ki67 proteins were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. Anterior normal pituitaries were used as controls. Associations between molecular findings and clinical data were analyzed.ResultsThe aCPs presented higher mRNA expression of SHH (+400-fold change (FC); P<0.01), GLI1 (+102-FC; P<0.001), and GLI3 (+5.1-FC; P<0.01) than normal anterior pituitaries. Longer disease-free survival was associated with low SMO and SUFU mRNA expression (P<0.01 and P=0.02 respectively). CTNNB1/β-catenin mutations were found in 47% of the samples. aCPs with identified mutations presented with higher mRNA expression of SMO and GLI1 (+4.3-FC; P=0.02 and +10.2-FC; P=0.03 respectively). SMO, GLI1, GLI3, and SUFU staining was found in 85, 67, 93, and 64% of the samples respectively. Strong GLI1 and GLI3 staining was detected in palisade cells, which also labeled Ki67, a marker of cell proliferation.ConclusionsThe upregulation of SHH signaling occurs in aCPs. Thus, activation of Wnt/β-catenin and SHH pathways, both of which are important in pituitary embryogenesis, appears to contribute to the pathogenesis of aCP.
Dramatic Enhancement of Genome Editing by CRISPR/Cas9 Through Improved Guide RNA Design
Authors: Farboud Behnom , Meyer Barbara J 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSuccess with genome editing by the RNA-programmed nuclease Cas9 has been limited by the inability to predict effective guide RNAs and DNA target sites. Not all guide RNAs have been successful, and even those that were, varied widely in their efficacy. Here we describe and validate a strategy for Caenorhabditis elegans that reliably achieved a high frequency of genome editing for all targets tested in vivo. The key innovation was to design guide RNAs with a GG motif at the 3′ end of their target-specific sequences. All guides designed using this simple principle induced a high frequency of targeted mutagenesis via nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and a high frequency of precise DNA integration from exogenous DNA templates via homology-directed repair (HDR). Related guide RNAs having the GG motif shifted by only three nucleotides showed severely reduced or no genome editing. We also combined the 3′ GG guide improvement with a co-CRISPR/co-conversion approach. For this co-conversion scheme, animals were only screened for genome editing at designated targets if they exhibited a dominant phenotype caused by Cas9-dependent editing of an unrelated target. Combining the two strategies further enhanced the ease of mutant recovery, thereby providing a powerful means to obtain desired genetic changes in an otherwise unaltered genome.
Factors that influence on efficiency of educating to physical exercises of girls of junior classes
Authors: Худолій О. М. , Іващенко О. В. , Черненко С. О. 
Published: February 2015

Research aim — to define factors that influence on efficiency of educating to physical exercises of girls of junior classes.Methods and organization of research. In research such methods of research as analysis of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical supervisions, testing of motive preparedness, probabilistic going are used near the estimation of process of educating, methods of mathematical statistics.Conclusions. The rationed coefficients of canonical discriminator allowed to define that variables № a 1 «Height» (- 0,710), № 4 «At run 300 meters, with» (0,624), № 12-14 «Level of train, exercise 1, 2, 3» (0,375; 0,650; - 0,403), № 7 «Undercutting in mixed to hang on a rope, times» (0,317) have most connection with the first function. The first function allows on the adopted indexes to dissociate the girls of the second class from the virgins­of girls of the third and fourth class. With a most contribution to the second canonical function variables № enter 13—14 «Level of train, to exercises 2, 3» (- 1,067; 1,220), № 8 «Shuttle at run, from» (0,540) №a 7 «Undercutting in mixed to hang on a rope, times» (- 0,421). The second function allows on the adopted indexes to dissociate the girls of the third class from the virgins­of girls of fourth class.Foregoing testifies that in classification of the state of motive preparedness of girls of junior classes a leading role is played by the level of train to exercises, level of development
Modeling of process of educating to physical exercises of youths 14—15
Authors: Капкан О. О. 
Published: February 2015

Research: aim to optimize the mode of educating to physical exercises of girls 14—15. For the decision of the put tasks the next methods of research: were used analysis and generalization of scientifically-methodical literature, resource of Internet, pedagogical testing, methods of the mathematical planning of experiment (FFE 22); design method.The plan of factor experiment gave an opportunity to study influence of amount of reiterations of exercises (Х1) and intervals of rest (Х2) on efficiency of educating to physical exercises of girls 14—15, to use the complex going near the study of objects, that assumes the simultaneous varying of a few factors with the purpose of estimation of their influence and influence of their cooperations. The simultaneous varying factors on the special program provided the study of each of them in different terms. It allowed to get more reliable conclusions, suitable to the terms that change.It is set that the increase of efficiency of educational process is possible on the basis of analysis of regressive models, calculation of the optimal execution of physical exercises states in the process of their educating on the lessons of physical culture of schoolchildren 14—15.For guys 14 on efficiency of educating of «revolution aside» (98%), to the «headstand by force» (86%), priority influence has an amount of reiterations «throwing of small ball» (79%), on educating of «to somersault forward» is an interval of rest (86%), on educating of «to somersault back» (71%), to the broad «jump from a place» (54%) priority influence has cooperation of amount of reiterations and interval of rest.For guys 15 efficiency of educating of «to somersault forward» depends on the amount of reiterations (79%); to «revolution aside» (94%), to the «headstand by force» (67%) from the interval of rest; «to somersault back» (80%), to the broad «jump from a place» (97%) from cooperation of two factors.The results of analysis of variance testify that for guys 14—15 the optimal modes of educating are within the limits of 6—12 reiterations in a lesson with the intervals of rest 60—120 p. In the process of educating of guys it is 14 necessary to be oriented on the amount of reiterations in a lesson, for guys 15 on the increase of interval of rest and taking into account of cooperation of two factors.