bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroaminomethylation of the Renewable Limonene with Ammonia in an Aqueous Biphasic Solvent System
Authors: Behr Arno , Wintzer Andreas 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWith the hydroaminomethylation of the natural compound limonene with ammonia an atom‐economic method for the synthesis of primary amines is described. This tandem reaction allows the direct conversion of the unfunctionalized monoterpene to a valuable amine product. For the first time, ammonia served as substrate to result in a maximum primary amine yield of 25 %. To overcome unwanted side reactions, a biphasic solvent system was used, consisting of an aqueous catalyst phase and an organic product phase. As catalyst the water‐soluble transition metal complex [Rh(cod)Cl]2/triphenylphosphine trisulfonate was chosen. In combination with the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride it provided a good phase interaction and the possibility for easy phase separation after the reaction.
Chemical‐Bond‐Mediated p–n Heterojunction Photocatalyst Constructed from Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles and a Conducting Copolymer: Visible‐Light Active and Highly Efficient
Authors: Xu Xinxin , Lu Tingting , Liu Xiaoxia , Wang Xiuli 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA visible‐light‐active p–n heterojunction photocatalyst has been synthesized by the enwrapping of poly[aniline‐co‐N‐(4‐sulfophenyl)aniline] (PAPSA) on a coordination polymer nanoparticle (NCP). Compared with the visible‐light‐inactive NCP, the new p–n heterojunction photocatalyst, PAPSA/NCP, exhibits a much higher efficiency in the reduction of CrVI under visible light. PAPSA performs two functions in this p–n heterojunction photocatalyst. First, as a visible‐light‐active material, it extends the photoresponse region of the photocatalyst from the ultraviolet to the visible‐light region. Secondly, as a p‐type semiconductor possessing suitable energy levels with respect to NCP, PAPSA forms a p–n heterojunction with the n‐type NCP; the inner electric field of the p–n heterojunction accelerates the separation of electrons and holes, which enhances the photocatalytic efficiency. Furthermore, the p–n heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits outstanding stability during the photocatalytic reduction of CrVI.
Highly Dense Isolated Metal Atom Catalytic Sites: Dynamic Formation and In Situ Observations
Authors: Chen Yaxin , Kasama Takeshi , Huang Zhiwei , Hu Pingping , Chen Jianmin , Liu Xi , Tang Xingfu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAtomically dispersed noble‐metal catalysts with highly dense active sites are promising materials with which to maximise metal efficiency and to enhance catalytic performance; however, their fabrication remains challenging because metal atoms are prone to sintering, especially at a high metal loading. A dynamic process of formation of isolated metal atom catalytic sites on the surface of the support, which was achieved starting from silver nanoparticles by using a thermal surface‐mediated diffusion method, was observed directly by using in situ electron microscopy and in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. A combination of electron microscopy images with X‐ray absorption spectra demonstrated that the silver atoms were anchored on five‐fold oxygen‐terminated cavities on the surface of the support to form highly dense isolated metal active sites, leading to excellent reactivity in catalytic oxidation at low temperature. This work provides a general strategy for designing atomically dispersed noble‐metal catalysts with highly dense active sites.
ChemInform Abstract: Tunable Bifunctional Phosphine‐Squaramide Promoted Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction of N‐Alkyl Isatins with Acrylates.
Authors: Dong Ze , Yan Chao , Gao Yongzhi , Dong Chune , Qiu Guofu , Zhou Hai‐Bing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractScreening experiments show, that the squaramide catalyst (SQA) gives the best results for the Morita—Baylis—Hillman reaction of isatins with acrylates to form the corresponding alcohols in high yields with enantioselectivities of up to 95%.
The Contemporary Use of Angiography and Revascularization Among Patients With Non–ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the United States Compared With South Korea
Authors: Kang Hyun‐Jae , Simon Dajuanicia , Wang Tracy Y. , Alexander Karen P. , Jeong Myung Ho , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Bates Eric R. , Henry Timothy D. , Peterson Eric D. , Roe Matthew T. ,   on behalf of the National Cardiovascular Data Registry
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundPractice guidelines recommend an early invasive strategy for high‐risk non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients, but international differences in the use of invasive strategies are unknown.HypothesisProfiling NSTEMI patient management in the United States (U.S.) and South Korea could provide insight into how patients are triaged for an early invasive strategy in different health care environments and geographical regions.MethodsWe evaluated the use of angiography and revascularization for NSTEMI patients treated at revascularization‐capable hospitals (2007–2010) in both the ACTION Registry‐GWTG (U.S.: n = 133,835; 433 hospitals) and KAMIR/KorMI Registry (South Korea: n = 7,901; 72 hospitals).ResultsCompared with South Korean patients, U.S. NSTEMI patients more commonly had established cardiovascular risk factors, disease, and prior cardiovascular events and procedures. From 2007–2010, the use of angiography for NSTEMI patients rose steadily in both countries, but the use of revascularization only rose in South Korea. Patients from South Korea more commonly underwent angiography and revascularization. Percutaneous coronary intervention was the most common type of revascularization in both countries, but coronary artery bypass grafting was less common in South Korea. The use of both angiography and revascularization was incrementally lower with a higher predicted mortality risk for patients from both countries, but greater differences between low‐ and high‐risk patients occurred in the U.S.ConclusionsThe profile, characteristics, and use of angiography and revascularization for NSTEMI patients in the U.S. vs South Korea differed substantially from 2007–2010, underscoring the heterogeneity of NSTEMI patients and treatment selection among different countries.
Defoliation reduces soil biota – and modifies stimulating effects of elevated CO2
Authors: Dam Marie , Christensen Søren 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo understand the responses to external disturbance such as defoliation and possible feedback mechanisms at global change in terrestrial ecosystems, it is necessary to examine the extent and nature of effects on aboveground–belowground interactions. We studied a temperate heathland system subjected to experimental climate and atmospheric factors based on prognoses for year 2075 and further exposed to defoliation. By defoliating plants, we were able to study how global change modifies the interactions of the plant–soil system. Shoot production, root biomass, microbial biomass, and nematode abundance were assessed in the rhizosphere of manually defoliated patches of Deschampsia flexuosa in June in a full‐factorial FACE experiment with the treatments: increased atmospheric CO2, increased nighttime temperatures, summer droughts, and all of their combinations. We found a negative effect of defoliation on microbial biomass that was not apparently affected by global change. The negative effect of defoliation cascades through to soil nematodes as dependent on CO2 and drought. At ambient CO2, drought and defoliation each reduced nematodes. In contrast, at elevated CO2, a combination of drought and defoliation was needed to reduce nematodes. We found positive effects of CO2 on root density and microbial biomass. Defoliation affected soil biota negatively, whereas elevated CO2 stimulated the plant–soil system. This effect seen in June is contrasted by the effects seen in September at the same site. Late season defoliation increased activity and biomass of soil biota and more so at elevated CO2. Based on soil biota responses, plants defoliated in active growth therefore conserve resources, whereas defoliation after termination of growth results in release of resources. This result challenges the idea that plants via exudation of organic carbon stimulate their rhizosphere biota when in apparent need of nutrients for growth.
Morphology Control, Growth Mechanism, and Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Mesoporous CeO2 Microparticles
Authors: Zhang Jingcai , Guo Jinxin , Liu Wei , Wang Shuping , Xie Anran , Tang Ke , Yang Yanzhao 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMesoporous CeO2 with flowerlike and cottonlike hierarchical structures were prepared through a facile solvothermal strategy by using cerium glycolate as precursors. In the whole synthesis process, the solvothermal reaction time plays an important role in morphology control. Structure and composition information of the corresponding cerium glycolate were obtained and compared by using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Oriented attachment/anisotropic crystal growth with Ostwald ripening/multistep splitting process mechanism was proposed for the formation of the cerium glycolate precursor. The catalytic test results show that the final CeO2 microparticles exhibit enhanced CO conversion performance and better reduction behavior than pure ceria. Furthermore, as a good support, the synthesized Au/CeO2 samples demonstrate higher catalytic activity in the oxidation of CO than pure ceria.
Serendipitous CO‐ and RhI‐Induced ­Coupling of Bidentate Phosphaalkenes with Expulsion of Bis(trimethylsilyl)ketene Leading to RhIII‐Coordinated Dianionic Tetradentate Ligands
Authors: Lungu Daniela , Bîrzoi Roxana M. , Goers Christine , Bartsch Rainer , du Mont Wolf‐W. , Daniliuc Constantin , Jones Peter G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the RhCl chelate complexes of C‐bis(trimethylsilyl)‐P‐alkyl(diphenylphosphanyl)aminophosphaalkenes 1 [(Me3Si)2C=PN(R)PPh2; 1a: R = 1‐Ada; 1b: R = tBu], the P=C double bonds are preferentially η2‐(P,C)‐coordinated to RhI, as shown by the structure determination of trans‐[RhCl{(Me3Si)2C=PN(R)PPh2}]2 (5a) and by the comparison of the 31P NMR spectra of cis‐ and trans‐[RhCl{(Me3Si)2C=PN(R)PPh2}]2 (5a,b), [RhCl(PPh3){(Me3Si)2C=PN(R)PPh2}] (6a,b), [RhCl(CO){(Me3Si)2C=PN(R)PPh2}] (7a,b) and [(cod)Rh(μ‐Cl)2Rh{(Me3Si)2C=PN(R)PPh2}] (8a,b). With excess of [RhCl(cod)]2, the ligand (Me3Si)2C=PN(CH2Ph)PPh2 (1c) forms solid trinuclear complex 10 containing two Rh(Cl)cod moieties attached to the central chelate unit [Rh(Cl)(1c)]: one Rh atom is attached by (terminal) P→Rh(Cl)cod coordination and the other one by bridging Rh(μ‐Cl)2Rhcod. The reactions of the complex [RhCl(CO)(PPh3)2] with ligands 1a or 1b unexpectedly led, with elimination of bis(trimethylsilyl)ketene, to racemic RhIII–chloro complexes [RhCl({Ph2PN(R)P}2C(SiMe3)2)] (11a,b) containing the dianionic tetradentate chelating “bis‐PNP” ligands (Me3Si)2C{P(–)N(R)PPh2}2 (12a,b) η4‐coordinated to RhIII (CN 5). The CO‐induced formation of RhIII complexes 11a and 11b also occurred when 7a and 7b were treated with another equivalent of ligand 1a or 1b, when [RhCl(CO)2]2 was mixed with more than 2 equiv. of 1a or 1b, and even bubbling gaseous CO into a solution containing 6a provided 11a and bis(trimethylsilyl)ketene.
The First Coordination Polymers Based on 1,3‐Diphosphaferrocenes and 1,1′,2,3′,4‐Pentaphosphaferrocenes
Authors: Heindl Claudia , Reisinger Sabine , Schwarzmaier Christoph , Rummel Lena , Virovets Alexander V. , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhosphaferrocenes in combination with coinage metal salts proved to be excellent building blocks in supramolecular chemistry for the buildup of oligomeric and polymeric assemblies. The synthesis of a series of novel phosphaferrocenes containing the 1,3‐P2C3iPr3 and/or the 1,2,4‐P3C2iPr2 ligand is described herein. The self‐assembly processes of the 1,3‐diphospha‐, 1,2,4‐triphospha‐, and 1,1′,2,3′,4‐pentaphosphaferrocenes with CuI halides led to the formation of 1D or 2D polymers. With [Cp*Fe(η5‐P2C3iPr3)] (Cp* = η5‐C5Me5), infinite chains are formed, whereas with [(η5‐P3C2iPr2)Fe(η5‐P2C3iPr3)] 1D ladderlike structures are obtained. These are the first polymers containing such a di‐ and pentaphosphaferrocene, respectively. On the other hand, the use of [Cp*Fe(η5‐P3C2iPr2)] leads to the construction of 2D networks with intact sandwich complexes, which is uncommon for this class of complexes.
Fast quantification of fatty acid profile of intact fish by intermolecular double‐quantum coherence 1H‐NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Cai Honghao , Lin Liangjie , Ding Shangwu , Cui Xiaohong , Chen Zhong 
Published: October 2015

Intermolecular double quantum coherence (iDQC) 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), which serves as a complementary method in the analyses of fatty acids, is used to investigate the intact salmon muscle and the whole zebra fish. The spectra of fatty acids of the intact salmon muscle, whose resonances are overlapped with metabolites peaks in the conventional NMR spectra, can be resolved in the presence of severe intrinsic structural inhomogeneity without sample pretreatments and special NMR accessories, such as those for high‐speed sample spinning. For improving the practicability of the iDQC method, a localized module is combined with the iDQC method so that the fatty acids of the whole zebra fish can be detected non‐invasively. All the iDQC results are verified by the extraction NMR spectra. In addition, fatty acid composition of the salmon muscle is quantitatively analyzed based on the iDQC and extraction NMR spectra. The calculated results from these two methods are in good agreement. Therefore, the iDQC method may serve as a feasible one‐step and fast screening method for fish quality analyses and lipid inspections of other biological tissues.Practical applications: The intermolecular doublequantum coherence (iDQC) can be an appropriate lipid detecting method of tissues when the samples are not suitable for chemical extraction. The iDQC with a localized module may be more practical than magic angle spinning for applications in in vivo and in situ NMR experiments, in which samples are not allowed to spin.Fatty acids of the whole zebra fish can be identified by iDQC method when PRESS with water suppression fails to produce high‐resolution spectrum.
Capacity Fade Analysis of the Lithium‐Ion Power Battery Cycling Process Based on an Electrochemical‐Thermal Coupling Model
Authors: Tang Yiwei , Jia Ming , Ai Lihua , Yin Baohua , Cheng Yun , Liu Yexiang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn electrochemical‐thermal model is developed to simulate the capacity fade of a lithium‐ion battery. Capacity fade is based on the loss of active lithium ions and the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) increase in an anode film caused by solvent reduction at the anode–electrolyte interface. This model incorporates a solvent reduction reaction at the anode. The reliability of the model is verified in terms of electrochemical properties, thermal properties, and capacity fade. Quantitative analysis is conducted to study the evolution of the distribution of the side‐reaction rate in the electrode thickness direction with the charging time. Moreover, the effect of temperature change on the current density of side‐reactions is also considered. The results indicate that during high‐rate charge and discharge cycles, the temperature of a lithium‐ion power battery increases significantly, and the temperature effect improves the accuracy of the model prediction.
Metal contaminant accumulation in the hive: Consequences for whole-colony health and brood production in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)
Authors: Hladun Kristen R. , Di Ning , Liu Tong-Xian , Trumble John T. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Metal pollution has been increasing rapidly over the past century, and at the same time, the human population has continued to rise and produce contaminants that may negatively impact pollinators. Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) forage over large areas and can collect contaminants from the environment. The primary objective of the present study was to determine whether the metal contaminants cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and selenium (Se) can have a detrimental effect on whole-colony health in the managed pollinator A. mellifera. The authors isolated small nucleus colonies under large cages and fed them an exclusive diet of sugar syrup and pollen patty spiked with Cd, Cu, Pb, and Se or a control (no additional metal). Treatment levels were based on concentrations in honey and pollen from contaminated hives around the world. They measured whole-colony health including wax, honey, and brood production; colony weight; brood survival; and metal accumulation in various life stages. Colonies treated with Cd or Cu contained more dead pupae within capped cells compared with control, and Se-treated colonies had lower total worker weights compared to control. Lead had a minimal effect on colony performance, although many members of the hive accumulated significant quantities of the metal. By examining the honey bee as a social organism through whole-colony assessments of toxicity, the authors found that the distribution of toxicants throughout the colony varied from metal to metal, some caste members were more susceptible to certain metals, and the colony's ability to grow over time may have been reduced in the presence of Se. Apiaries residing near metal-contaminated areas may be at risk and can suffer changes in colony dynamics and survival. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:322–329. © 2015 SETAC
Comparison of hearing outcomes after treatment for early‐stage external auditory canal cancer
Authors: Morita Shinya , Nakamaru Yuji , Homma Akihiro , Sakashita Tomohiro , Hatakeyama Hiromitsu , Masuya Masayori , Fukuda Satoshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare the hearing outcomes after surgery with reconstruction of the external auditory canal in combination with tympanoplasty, radiotherapy (RT) alone, and surgery followed by postoperative RT for T1 to 2N0M0 external auditory canal cancer.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, single‐institution review of consecutive patients with early‐stage external auditory canal cancer treated with surgery and/or RT between April 1997 and August 2013. Audiological data included the pretreatment hearing thresholds and those obtained at 12 months after the completion of therapy.ResultsWhen we compared the functional gains for air‐conduction pure‐tone average thresholds and mean air‐bone gaps, those in the surgery group (n = 10) were significantly higher than those in the RT (n = 13) and surgery + RT (n = 5) groups.ConclusionAdequate techniques for reconstruction of the external auditory canal in combination with tympanoplasty after complete surgical resection is useful for hearing preservation in addition to good survival outcomes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1110–E1116, 2016
Biomedical applications of collagens
Authors: Ramshaw John A. M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCollagen‐based biomedical materials have developed into important, clinically effective materials used in a range of devices that have gained wide acceptance. These devices come with collagen in various formats, including those based on stabilized natural tissues, those that are based on extracted and purified collagens, and designed composite, biosynthetic materials. Further knowledge on the structure and function of collagens has led to on‐going developments and improvements. Among these developments has been the production of recombinant collagen materials that are well defined and are disease free. Most recently, a group of bacterial, non‐animal collagens has emerged that may provide an excellent, novel source of collagen for use in biomaterials and other applications. These newer collagens are discussed in detail. They can be modified to direct their function, and they can be fabricated into various formats, including films and sponges, while solutions can also be adapted for use in surface coating technologies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 665–675, 2016.
The Natural History of Flare-Ups in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP): A Comprehensive Global Assessment
Authors: Pignolo Robert J , Bedford-Gay Christopher , Liljesthröm Moira , Durbin-Johnson Blythe P , Shore Eileen M , Rocke David M , Kaplan Frederick S 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) leads to disabling heterotopic ossification (HO) from episodic flare-ups. However, the natural history of FOP flare-ups is poorly understood. A 78-question survey on FOP flare-ups, translated into 15 languages, was sent to 685 classically-affected patients in 45 countries (six continents). Five hundred patients or knowledgeable informants responded (73%; 44% males, 56% females; ages: 1 to 71 years; median: 23 years). The most common presenting symptoms of flare-ups were swelling (93%), pain (86%), or decreased mobility (79%). Seventy-one percent experienced a flare-up within the preceding 12 months (52% spontaneous; 48% trauma-related). Twenty-five percent of those who had received an intramuscular injection reported an immediate flare-up at the injection site, 84% of whom developed HO. Axial flare-ups most frequently involved the back (41.6%), neck (26.4%), or jaw (19.4%). Flare-ups occurred more frequently in the upper limbs before 8 years of age, but more frequently in the lower limbs thereafter. Appendicular flare-ups occurred more frequently at proximal than at distal sites without preferential sidedness. Seventy percent of patients reported functional loss from a flare-up. Thirty-two percent reported complete resolution of at least one flare-up and 12% without any functional loss (mostly in the head or back). The most disabling flare-ups occurred at the shoulders or hips. Surprisingly, 47% reported progression of FOP without obvious flare-ups. Worldwide, 198 treatments were reported; anti-inflammatory agents were most common. Seventy-five percent used short-term glucocorticoids as a treatment for flare-ups at appendicular sites. Fifty-five percent reported that glucocorticoids improved symptoms occasionally whereas 31% reported that they always did. Only 12% reported complete resolution of a flare-up with glucocorticoids. Forty-three percent reported rebound symptoms within 1 to 7 days after completing a course of glucocorticoids. This study is the first comprehensive global assessment of FOP flare-ups and establishes a critical foundation for the design and evaluation of future clinical trials. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.