bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Resin Composite Translucency by Two Different Methods
Authors: Kim D-H , Park S-H 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was 1) to compare the translucency of seven different types of composite materials and three different shade categories (dentin, enamel, and translucent) by determining the translucency parameter (TP) and light transmittance (%T) and 2) to evaluate the correlation between the results of the two evaluation methods. Three shades (dentin A3, enamel A3, and clear translucent) of seven composite materials (Beautifil II [BF], Denfil [DF], Empress Direct [ED], Estelite Sigma Quick [ES], Gradia Direct [GD], Premise [PR], and Tetric N-Ceram [TC]) from different manufacturers were screened in this study. Ten disk-shaped specimens (10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness) were prepared for each material. For the TP measurements, the colors of each specimen were recorded according to the CIELAB color scale against white and black backgrounds with a colorimeter and used to calculate the TP value. For the %T measurements, the mean direct transmittance through the specimen in the range between 380 and 780 nm was recorded using a spectrometer and computer software. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were performed to compare the TP and %T for the composite materials and shade categories. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for the seven composite materials per shade category and the three shade categories per composite material. The correlation between the two evaluation methods was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. All statistical procedures were performed within a 95% confidence level. TP differed significantly by composite material within each shade category (p&lt;0.05) and by shade category within each composite material (p&lt;0.05). %T differed significantly by composite material within each shade category (p&lt;0.05) and by shade categories within each composite material (p&lt;0.05), except for BF and ES. For the two evaluation methods, TP and %T, were positively correlated (r=0.626, p&lt;0.05). These methods showed strong correlation for each composite material except ES (r=0.763-0.992, p&lt;0.05) and moderate correlation for each shade category (r=0.403-0.528, p&lt;0.05).
Surface Properties of Dental Nanocomposites After Finishing WithRigid Rotary Instruments
Authors: Marchan SM , White D , Marchan QM , Dhuru V , Smith WA 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThis study evaluated the surface characteristics of three nanoparticle resin composites (Z350, Heritage 7 Nanohybrid, and Ice) using profilometry and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) after subjecting them to sequential finishing procedures using rigid rotary instruments. Fifteen 8 mm × 8 mm × 2 mm specimens were fabricated for each tested composite and subjected to one of the following finishing regimens: finishing with green stones followed by white stones, finishing with 45-μm diamond followed by 15-μm diamond, finishing with a 12-fluted carbide followed by a 20-fluted carbide. After finishing, the surfaces were subjected to profilometric testing. Eight parallel tracings were used to scan the finished surface of each specimen. For each recorded profile, the average roughness (Ra) and extreme value descriptor (Rmax) were recorded. On completion of the profilometric testing, two specimens from each group were randomly selected for qualitative assessment by SEM. Profilometric data was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Scheffe tests. The results demonstrated that the three control groups of the tested nanocomposites behaved as a coherent group with respect to surface roughness. With the exception of the nanohybrid Heritage 7 finished with the carbide instruments, all composites showed an increase in surface roughness.The Z350 and Ice finished with the carbide finishing instruments showed no statistically significant increase in Ra, but both of these composites showed significantly rougher surfaces when finished with diamonds compared with controls. The nanohybrids Ice and Heritage 7 demonstrated significantly higher roughness in terms of Rmax when finished with stones. The SEM correlated well with roughness measurements. The conclusion may be drawn that diamonds and stones produce unacceptable surfaces in terms of roughness on the tested nanocomposites whereas finishing carbides produce acceptable surfaces.
Bond Strength of Self-etch Adhesives After Saliva Contamination at Different Application Steps
Authors: Cobanoglu N , Unlu N , Ozer FF , Blatz MB 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARY
This study evaluated and compared the effect of saliva contamination and possible decontamination methods on bond strengths of two self-etching adhesive systems (Clearfil SE Bond [CSE], Optibond Solo Plus SE [OSE]). Flat occlusal dentin surfaces were created on 180 extracted human molar teeth. The two bonding systems and corresponding composite resins (Clearfil AP-X, Kerr Point 4) were bonded to the dentin under six surface conditions (n=15/group): group 1 (control): primer/bonding/composite; group 2: saliva/drying/primer/bonding/composite; group 3: primer/saliva/rinsing/drying/primer/bonding/composite; group 4: primer/saliva/rinsing/drying/bonding/composite; group 5: primer/bonding (cured)/saliva/rinsing/drying/primer/bonding/composite; group 6: primer/bonding (cured)/saliva/removing contaminated layer with a bur/rinsing/drying/primer/bonding/composite. Shear bond strength was tested after specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests were used for statistical analyses. For CSE, groups 2, 3, and 4 and for OSE, groups 6, 2, and 4 showed significantly lower bond strengths than the control group (p&lt;0.05). CSE groups 5 and 6 and OSE groups 3 and 5 revealed bond strengths similar to the control. When saliva contamination occurred after light polymerization of the bonding agent, repeating the bonding procedure recovered the bonding capacity of both self-etch adhesives. However, saliva contamination before or after primer application negatively affected their bond strength.
Hypoplastic Enamel Treatment in Permanent Anterior Teeth of a Child
Authors: Carvalho LD , Bernardon JK , Bruzi G , Andrada MAC , Vieira LCC 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYIn some patients with labial white stains involving the enamel and dentin, bleaching associated with a restorative procedure using composites may be an appropriate treatment alternative. Although bleaching makes the teeth and the stain whiter, the staining is less evident and easier to restore. Restorative procedures using adequate composites may then recover the natural optical properties while also providing appropriate mechanical properties, thereby ensuring the longevity of the treatment. In this article, the clinical case of a 9-year-old patient who reported dissatisfaction with her smile because of the presence of hypoplastic enamel staining at the central superior and inferior incisors is reported. The treatment consisted of a bleaching protocol followed by composite resin restorations using the stratification technique. The final esthetic result demonstrated the possibility of obtaining a natural smile with an adequate color and natural-looking restorations, thereby ensuring the esthetics and the patient's functional satisfaction.
Investigation of superexcited states in molecular deuterium
Authors: Smolin Andrey , Li Juan , Mo Yuxiang , Vasyutinskii Oleg 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
A high-resolution VUV laser absorption spectroscopy is used to investigate the photon-induced ion-pair formation in D2 in the spectral region from 140117.4 to 140732.0 cm−1. We report determination of photoionization efficiency in ortho-para D2 in supersonic molecular beam with energy resolution of 0.1 cm−1. The assignment of the superexcited D2 Rydberg states is done based on the quantum defect theory.
On the geometry of the space-time and motion of the spinning bodies
Authors: Trenčevski Kostadin 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In this paper an alternative theory about space-time is given. First some preliminaries about 3-dimensional time and the reasons for its introduction are presented. Alongside the 3-dimensional space (S) the 3-dimensional space of spatial rotations (SR) is considered independently from the 3-dimensional space. Then it is given a model of the universe, based on the Lie groups of real and complex orthogonal 3 × 3 matrices in this 3+3+3-dimensional space. Special attention is dedicated for introduction and study of the space S × SR, which appears to be isomorphic to SO(3,ℝ) × SO(3,ℝ) or S
3 × S
3. The influence of the gravitational acceleration to the spinning bodies is considered. Some important applications of these results about spinning bodies are given, which naturally lead to violation of Newton’s third law in its classical formulation. The precession of the spinning axis is also considered.
Geological modeling of rock type domains in the Balya (Turkey) lead-zinc deposit using plurigaussian simulation
Authors: Yunsel Tayfun , Ersoy Adem 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMineral resource evaluation requires defining geological rock-type domains. The traditional simulation methods have serious limitations for applications to large numbers of domains, which have complex contact relations. Plurigaussian simulation is an effective method which can be applied, in a simple way, to any number of domains, using both local and global geological information to infer the distributions of rock types. This work not only presents the application of the plurigaussian simulation method to the Balya lead-zinc deposit, but also assesses the spatially varying rock type proportions, and accounts for uncertainties between them. These parameters are extremely important for mining deposits, since the mineralizations of interest generally occur only in certain rock types. Furthermore, being able to model the different geological rock types is vital to good mine operations, production planning, and management. The results indicate that the plurigaussian method correctly reproduces the different orientations of the individual rock types, as seen in drill holes, and the proportion of each rock type, even if this varies in space.
La tache aveugle de l'émile
Authors: Soëtard Michel 
Published: January 2013

Émile ou de l’éducation pose un problème d’interprétation dans le rapport qui s’établit, dès la préface de l’ouvrage, entre l’injonction d’une solide connaissance positive du sujet à éduquer et l’évocation d’un « système » qui prend la forme de « rêveries d’un visionnaire sur l’éducation ». Cette disjonction, encore accentuée par la rupture que marque Rousseau entre « la bonté absolue du projet » et son exécution dans des conditions toujours particulières, a compliqué la démarche de ceux qui ont voulu s’engager dans sa suite. Ce fut le cas des artisans de l’éducation nouvelle au cœur du « creuset des sciences de l’éducation » que fut Genève dans la première moitié du XX e siècle : la constitution d’une « science de l’enfant » n’a pas cessé d’interférer, chez eux, avec une visée « humaniste » qui a le plus souvent pris la forme d’une militance, et qui est demeurée la tache aveugle de la pensée éducative. Et le passage aux « sciences de l’éducation » n’a pas fait disparaître la problématique. C’est à éclairer philosophiquement la dimension « humaniste », dans son rapport avec la « scientifique », et à articuler les deux dans une épistémologie de la pédagogie qui pourrait encore trouver actuellement son utilité, que s’emploie cet article.
Sur la corde raide - les étiologies « traditionnelles » et leur utilisation dans le dispositif ethnopsychiatrique
Authors: Heidenreich Felicia 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Cet article questionne l’utilisation des étiologies traditionnelles dans les thérapies ethnopsychiatriques. Travailler avec ces représentations, qui sont aussi appelées « matériel culturel », est une des « marques » de l’approche ethnopsychiatrique. Si l’intention première de ce travail est une ouverture vers d’autres possibles dans la thérapie, il y a un risque très important qu’il n’enferme les patients dans une vision rigide de leur culture d’origine. Le fait de ramener les patients à leur culture d’origine se fait aux dépens d’un travail sur le vécu dans la société d’accueil, sur le racisme dans le quotidien et dans les institutions et sur la position des cliniciens par rapport cela.
Suicide au travail : comment intervenir ?
Authors: Burnonville Francine , Pavlic Annie Debard 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Lorsqu’un salarié se suicide, la pensée rationnelle de l’ensemble des salariés vole en éclats, une onde de choc se propage dans l’entreprise, d’autant plus que cette personne qui s’enlève la vie part avec ses secrets. Comment l’entreprise traverse-t-elle cette crise ? Comment faut-il intervenir ? Cet article vise à aider les dirigeants et les gestionnaires à mettre en place un cadre d’intervention qui permettra de résoudre la crise. Pour cela, nous analysons les impacts d’un suicide sur l’ensemble du personnel et sur la direction de l’entreprise. Nous relevons les facteurs qui prédisposent au suicide, qui y contribuent, qui le précipitent et qui le préviennent. Puis, nous décrivons les trois modes possibles de résolution de la crise qu’entraîne un suicide : une résolution négative, neutre et positive. Par la suite, nous examinons les interventions à faire auprès des employés, des cadres et de l’organisation lorsque cette crise survient. Finalement, nous traitons des différentes mesures que la direction peut prendre pour instaurer une culture de prévention du suicide au sein du personnel.
Comment mieux concilier sa vie professionnelle et sa vie personnelle ?
Authors: Deschênes Guylaine 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Malgré tous les efforts déployés par les gouvernements et les organisations, la conciliation entre les exigences du travail et celles de la vie personnelle reste un défi quotidien pour la majorité des gens qui se situent dans un contexte contraignant associé aux familles monoparentales, éclatées ou reconstituées, au vieillissement de la population, à la précarité de l’emploi, aux exigences relatives à la performance, etc. Cet article vise à aider les personnes à mieux concilier les différentes sphères de leur vie en leur donnant des conseils rattachés aux six principes fondamentaux suivants : déterminer ses valeurs et gérer ses priorités en conséquence; cultiver des attitudes de vie gagnantes; savoir gérer son temps dans sa vie professionnelle et sa vie personnelle; savoir s’organiser dans ces deux domaines; savoir bien s’entourer et demander de l’aide; enfin, savoir gérer son stress.
Id2 Influences Differentiation of Killer Cell Lectin-like Receptor G1hi Short-Lived CD8+ Effector T Cells
Authors: Knell Jamie , Best J. Adam , Lind Nicholas A. , Yang Edward , D’Cruz Louise M. , Goldrath Ananda W. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in the clearance of intracellular pathogens through the generation of cytotoxic effector cells that eliminate infected cells and long-lived memory cells that provide enhanced protection against reinfection. We have previously shown that the inhibitor of E protein transcription factors, Id2, is necessary for accumulation of effector and memory CD8+ T cells during infection. In this study, we show that CD8+ T cells lacking Id2 did not generate a robust terminally differentiated killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1)hi effector population, but displayed a cell-surface phenotype and cytokine profile consistent with memory precursors, raising the question as to whether loss of Id2 impairs the differentiation and/or survival of effector memory cells. We found that deletion of Bim rescued Id2-deficient CD8+ cell survival during infection. However, the dramatic reduction in KLRG1hi cells caused by loss of Id2 remained in the absence of Bim, such that Id2/Bim double-deficient cells form an exclusively KLRG1loCD127hi memory precursor population. Thus, we describe a role for Id2 in both the survival and differentiation of normal CD8+ effector and memory populations.
Pathogen-Triggered Activation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Induces IL-10–Producing B Cells in Response to Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Parcina Marijo , Miranda-Garcia María Auxiliadora , Durlanik Sibel , Ziegler Saskia , Over Benjamin , Georg Philipp , Foermer Sandra , Ammann Sandra , Hilmi Dina , Weber Klaus-Josef , Schiller Martin , Heeg Klaus , Schneider-Brachert Wulf , Götz Friedrich , Bekeredjian-Ding Isabelle 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Induction of polyclonal B cell activation is a phenomenon observed in many types of infection, but its immunological relevance is unclear. In this study we show that staphylococcal protein A induces T cell–independent human B cell proliferation by enabling uptake of TLR-stimulating nucleic acids via the VH3+ BCR. We further demonstrate that Staphylococcus aureus strains with high surface protein A expression concomitantly trigger activation of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Sensitivity to chloroquine, cathepsin B inhibition, and a G-rich inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotide supports the involvement of TLR9 in this context. We then identify pDC as essential cellular mediators of B cell proliferation and Ig production in response to surface protein A–bearing S. aureus. The in vivo relevancy of these findings is confirmed in a human PBMC Nod/scidPrkdc/γc−/− mouse model. Finally, we demonstrate that co-operation of pDC and B cells enhances B cell–derived IL-10 production, a cytokine associated with immunosuppression and induction of IgG4, an isotype frequently dominating the IgG response to S. aureus. IL-10 release is partially dependent on TLR2-active lipoproteins, a hallmark of the Staphylococcus species. Collectively, our data suggest that S. aureus exploits pDC and TLR to establish B cell–mediated immune tolerance.
Leukotriene B4 Enhances Innate Immune Defense against the Puerperal Sepsis Agent Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Soares Elyara M. , Mason Katie L. , Rogers Lisa M. , Serezani Carlos H. , Faccioli Lucia H. , Aronoff David M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Puerperal sepsis is a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pyogenes [group A Streptococcus; (GAS)] is a major etiologic agent of severe postpartum sepsis, yet little is known regarding the pathogenesis of these infections. Tissue macrophages provide innate defense against GAS, and their actions are highly regulated. The intracellular second messenger cAMP can negatively regulate macrophage actions against GAS. Because leukotriene (LT) B4 has been shown to suppress intracellular cAMP in macrophages, we hypothesized that it could enhance innate defenses against GAS. We assessed the capacity of LTB4 to modulate antistreptococcal actions of human macrophages, including placental and decidual macrophages and used a novel intrauterine infection model of GAS in mice lacking the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme to determine the role of endogenous LTs in host defense against this pathogen. Animals lacking 5-lipoxygenase were significantly more vulnerable to intrauterine GAS infection than were wild-type mice and showed enhanced dissemination of bacteria out of the uterus and a more robust inflammatory response than did wild-type mice. In addition, LTB4 reduced intracellular cAMP levels via the BLT1 receptor and was a potent stimulant of macrophage phagocytosis and NADPH oxidase–dependent intracellular killing of GAS. Importantly, interference was observed between the macrophage immunomodulatory actions of LTB4 and the cAMP-inducing lipid PGE2, suggesting that interplay between pro- and anti-inflammatory compounds may be important in vivo. This work underscores the potential for pharmacological targeting of lipid mediator signaling cascades in the treatment of invasive GAS infections.
Dynamic Fuzzy Logic Parameter Tuning for ACO and Its Application in the Fuzzy Logic Control of an Autonomous Mobile Robot
Authors: Castillo Oscar , Neyoy Héctor , Soria José , García Mario , Valdez Fevrier 
Published: January 2013

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a population-based constructive meta-heuristic that exploits a form of past performance memory inspired by the foraging behaviour of real ants. The behaviour of the ACO algorithm is highly dependent on the values defined for its parameters. Adaptation and parameter control are recurring themes in the field of bio-inspired algorithms. The present paper explores a new approach to diversity control in ACO. The central idea is to avoid or slow down full convergence through the dynamic variation of certain parameters. The performance of different variants of the ACO algorithm was observed to choose one as the basis for the proposed approach. A convergence fuzzy logic controller with the objective of maintaining diversity at some level to avoid premature convergence was created. Encouraging results have been obtained on its application to the design of fuzzy controllers. In particular, the optimization of membership functions for a unicycle mobile robot trajectory control is presented with the proposed method.
L’interprétation du film
Authors: Esquenazi Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2013

L’auteur s’intéresse à l’activité interprétative quand elle s’applique aux films. Son point de départ est un constat : les interprétations des publics sont diverses, retenant du film des aspects souvent différents. Pourtant chaque membre du public est toujours persuadé que les significations qu’il trouve au film appartiennent à celui-ci et ne sont pas dépendantes de son jugement. Pour résoudre ce paradoxe, l’auteur prend l’exemple de plusieurs interprétations deVertigo, film célèbre par la diversité des interprétations de sa narration. Il cherche à comprendre comment se développent des interprétations variées et cohérentes du film. Empruntant la notion de cadre d’interprétation (Fish, Goffman) pour mesurer les rencontres entre un film et des spectateurs, il montre que chaque critique définit les critères de son jugement en fonction du contexte culturel, politique, etc. (du cadre d’interprétation) où il se trouve. Partant d’un même cadre, plusieurs interprétations peuvent cependant être différentes. Il faut alors recourir à la théorie énonciative de Käte Hamburger pour comprendre comment se différencient de façon fine des interprétations proches par les critères de jugement employés mais éloignées par le point de vue.