bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Louse (Insecta: Phthiraptera) infestations of the Amur Falcon (Falco amurensis) and the Red-footed Falcon
Authors: Piross Imre Sándor , Fehérvári Péter , Vas Zoltán , Solt Szabolcs , Horváth Éva , Palatitz Péter , Giosele Cristina , Gustin Marco , Pedrelli Mario , Kumar R. Suresh , Williams Nick P. , Pretorious Rina , Bernitz Zephne , Bernitz Herman , Harnos Andrea 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Little is known about the louse species harboured by Red-footed and Amur Falcons despite the fact that various life-history traits of these hosts make them good model species to study host-parasite interactions. We collected lice samples from fully grown Amur (n=20) and Red-footed Falcons (n=59), and from nestlings of Red-footed Falcons (n=179) in four countries: Hungary, India, Italy and South Africa. We identified 3 louse species on both host species, namely Degeeriella rufa, Colpocephalum subzerafae and Laembothrion tinnunculi. The latter species has never been found on these hosts. Comparing population parameters of lice between hosts we found significantly higher prevalence levels of D. rufa and C. subzerafae on Amur Falcons. Adult Red-footed Falcons had higher D. rufa prevalence compared to C. subzerafae. For the first time we also show inter-annual shift in prevalence and intensity levels of these species on Red-footed Falcons; in 2012 on adult hosts C. subzerafae had higher intensity levels than D. rufa, however in 2014 D. rufa had significantly higher intensity compared to C. subzerafae. In case of nestlings both louse species had significantly higher preva lence levels than in 2014. The exact causes of such inter-annual shifts are yet to be understood.
From the model reader to the limits of interpretation
Authors: Pisanty Valentina 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper discusses the role of the reader as developed by Umberto Eco in numerous instances: Lector in fabula (1979), I limiti dell’interpretazione (1990, The Limits of Interpretation), Interpretation and Overinterpretation (1992) and Dire quasi la stessa cosa (2003, Mouse or Rat? Translation as Negotiation). According to Eco, the interpretation of a text implies the grasping of the intentio operis by way of the intentio lectoris. Yet, the question to be asked is: what is the intentio operis and how can it be known? This is especially cogent since such intention is not explicit at the superficial level of the text but, rather, by way of various clues and suggestions that are disseminated throughout the text that the reader is actively involved in recognizing while eventually developing a specific interpretation of the text itself.
Regionalization as a Response to the Problems of Fragmentation in the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Bilek AJ 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The three-fold purpose of criminal law and the criminal justice system is to protect the citizens of our country from the harmful acts of their fellow citizens; to provide a just, appropriate, efficient, and effective mechanism for responding to those anti-social acts which may occur; and to provide rehabilitation as well as punishment for offenders. Today in the United States it is clear that the law is not accomplishing its purpose.
Role of Toxicology in Suicide Evaluation
Authors: Blanke RV 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
It is a well-known and often stated fact that the typical suicide case is a white male, married, and between the ages of 45 and 60 years. Any forensic toxicologist who has taken the trouble to inquire as to the age, sex, and race of the suicide cases on which he is conducting toxicological tests, would probably have the impression that a typical suicide would fall into a category other than that stated above. In Virginia, certainly, it has been our experience that most suicides by ingestion of a toxic substance were committed by females, rather than males, marital status being uncertain, but the age probably lower than that for the general suicide population. Not until 1972 when the publication of the Vital Statistics of the United States for 1968 [1] became available, was it possible to look critically at the nature of the suicide population, particularly those due to ingestion of solid and liquid substances. For the first time in that year, a breakdown by age and sex was made, which enabled correlations to be made with suicides in general, suicides by ingestion of solid and liquid substances, suicides by ingestion of drugs, or suicides by exposure to carbon monoxide.
The Adversary System: Role of the Psychiatrist
Authors: Tuchler MI 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Forensic psychiatry as a specialty is nonexistent. There is no such sub-specialty recognized within the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. Equally as startling within the adversary system is the selection of the so-called forensic psychiatrist. The defense attorney has the choice of several varieties of psychiatrists upon whom to depend for psychiatric expertise within the adversary system. He may call upon a professional psychiatric witness who devotes his primary effort on the courtroom appearance. Or he may select a legally sophisticated but non-trained physician with some degree of psychiatric knowledge. Neither of these professionals has either competence or credibility. Emanuel Tanay properly says, the suspicious attitudes of the general public and lawyers toward the forensic pseudo-psychiatrist are, therefore, understandable.
Rapid Neutron Activation Analysis for Gunshot Residue Determination
Authors: McFarland RC , McLain ME 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A recent review of neutron activation analysis (NAA) applications in forensic science by Guinn has again focused attention on the utility of barium and antimony determinations on residues removed from the hands as indication of recent gun firing by the individual. This method has been well established and is in routine use by state, local, and federal law enforcement groups in the United States and by governmental agencies in other countries. Increasing use of this technique has made reduction in sample analysis time imperative.
The Legislation of Firearms in Denmark
Authors: Hansen JPH , Nyholm PE 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Until 1918 Denmark had no official regulations concerning import, production, and possession of firearms and ammunition. Former police regulations, however, contained prohibitions against the use of firearms in public places and wherever they might endanger or impede human safety. A limitation in the right to carry arms was also implied in a constitutional provision concerning actions of universal danger.
Sudden Death in Association with the Ballooning Posterior Mitral Leaflet Syndrome
Authors: Marshall CE , Shappell SD 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The ballooning posterior mitral leaflet syndrome was unrecognized as an anatomic or clinical entity until Barlow's initial description in 1963 [1]. Associated sudden death and familial occurrence have been clearly demonstrated [2–4], but despite this the significance of the syndrome as a cause of sudden death has not been sufficiently disseminated or appreciated.
New Method for the Collection and Analysis of Gunshot Residues as Forensic Evidence
Authors: Pillay KKS , Jester WA , Fox HA 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The detection of firearm discharge residues is of great importance in various criminal investigations involving the use of a firearm. One of the procedures introduced in the early 1930s was the “diphenylamine-sulfuric acid dermal nitrate test” on paraffin casts for the presence of nitrites and nitrates from gunpowder discharge residues. However, the limitations of these procedures were pointed out in 1935 and later in 1940 by the Federal Bureau of Investigation [1,2]. In spite of the known limitations of this procedure, the use of diphenylamine tests to detect gunpowder residues continued because of the lack of other suitable test procedures to satisfy this need in criminal investigations. In 1959, Harrison and Gilroy [3] demonstrated the presence of barium (Ba), antimony (Sb), and lead (Pb) in the firearm discharge residues and devised qualitative chemical tests to identify the presence of these elements, thus offering a unique new method to detect gunshot residues. Because of the limitations in the sensitivity of the colorimetric reactions used to detect Ba, Sb, and Pb, there was no widespread adoption of this method to replace the classical “diphenylamine test.” The continued use of this test to identify gunshot residues is of great concern and this concern was eloquently expressed by practicing forensic chemists Cowan and Purdon [4]. Because of the rapid increase in new products for consumers, numerous materials around a person's environment can develop a positive reaction to the diphenylamine tests. This fact is now generally recognized, although the use of the diphenylamine test has not been altogether abandoned.
Extranjerización e internacionalización de las burguesías latinoamericanas: el caso argentino
Authors: Schorr Martín , Wainer Andrés 
Published: July 2015

El presente trabajo analiza el proceso de extranjerización de la economía argentina sucedido a partir de 1990, dentro de la denominada posconvertibilidad (2002 en adelante).Tomando como referencia las tendencias a la internacionalización productiva prevalecientes a nivel mundial y regional, se indaga principalmente sobre las formas en las queha sido asumido este proceso en las fracciones predominantes del capital local.
Prediction of tunneling hazardous geological zones using the active seismic approach
Authors: Jiao Yu‐Yong , Tian Hu‐Nan , Liu Yun‐Zhen , Mei Ru‐Wu , Li Hai‐Bo 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a seismic method and a newly developed device to predict the hazardous geological zones ahead of a tunnel face. The equipment used to predict hazardous geological zones consists of three components: the seismic source, the acquisition unit, and the data processing unit. The following features enable this device to be a valuable tool in predicting hazardous geological zones: the precise trigger time detection; the application of semi‐liquid couplant, which improves geophone coupling with the surrounding rock; the filtering of the prominent tunnel acoustic wave interference; and a software package of information on hazardous geological zones. Through extensive detection exercises of hazardous geological zones in the excavations of nearly 100 tunnel projects in China, it has been demonstrated that this device can satisfactorily predict hazardous geological zones, such as faults, water‐bearing zones, karst caverns, etc., within 150 m in front of the tunnel faces.
Tracking Performance Bound with Finite Control Energy and Erasure Channel Energy Constraint
Authors: Wang Baoxian , Zhang Ding‐Xue , Guan Zhi‐Hong , Hu Bin , Huang Yuehua 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper studies the tracking performance of the single‐input single‐output (SISO), finite dimensional, linear and time‐invariant (LTI) system under the channel input energy constraint over the Erasure channel. A new performance index is proposed which is minimized over all two‐degree‐of‐freedom stabilizing controllers. The explicit expressions of the lower bound of the performance index and the minimum of the signal‐to‐noise ratio are obtained. The results show that the performance bound is correlated to unstable poles, non‐minimum phase zeros and the packet loss probability. Finally, examples are given to validate the conclusions derived.
Assessing congenital malformation risk from medications used in pregnancy: The contribution of NBDPS in pregnancy labeling of prescription drug products
Authors: Tassinari Melissa S. , Sahin Leyla , Yao Lynne P. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundObtaining human pregnancy data to inform product labeling is important for drug and biological products.MethodsCollection and analyses of safety data on their use during pregnancy is usually performed after approval.ResultsThe Centers for Disease Control National Birth Defects Prevention Study has provided important data on the relationship between drug use in pregnancy and birth defects.ConclusionThe Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule will set new and improved standards for the inclusion of information about the use of prescription drugs and biological products during pregnancy; the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, along with other data sources, will be critical for providing safety data to inform product labeling. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:718–720, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Orthogonal Functionalization of Ferritin via Supramolecular Re‐Assembly
Authors: Spa Silvia J. , Bunschoten Anton , Rood Marcus T. M. , Peters Ruud J. B. , Koster Abraham J. , van Leeuwen Fijs W. B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTo investigate if the degree of functionalization of ferritin could be controlled using a supramolecular self‐assembly process, two photophysical separable batches of ferritin were created by functionalizing ferritin capsids with either Cy3‐ or Cy5‐dye (loading rate of about 50 %). After dis‐assembly, Cy3‐, Cy5‐ as well as non‐functionalized ferritin subunits were mixed in variable ratios. Photophysical measurements revealed that the ratio in which the subunits were mixed was indeed indicative for the ratios in which the functionalized subunits were observed in the re‐assembled capsids. During re‐assembly, however, a slight preference for the inclusion of non‐functionalized subunits was observed, indicating the reactivity decreased following functionalization. The iron biomineralization properties of ferritin were retained by the multi‐functionalized capsids as FeII diffused rapidly inside making it visible by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These combined data indicate that it is possible to functionalize ferritin in an orthogonal manner using the supramolecular interaction between ferritin subunits.
Development of a 5 MW reference gearbox for offshore wind turbines
Authors: Nejad Amir Rasekhi , Guo Yi , Gao Zhen , Moan Torgeir 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper presents detailed descriptions, modeling parameters and technical data of a 5MW high‐speed gearbox developed for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory offshore 5MW baseline wind turbine. The main aim of this paper is to support the concept studies and research for large offshore wind turbines by providing a baseline gearbox model with detailed modeling parameters. This baseline gearbox follows the most conventional design types of those used in wind turbines. It is based on the four‐point supports: two main bearings and two torque arms. The gearbox consists of three stages: two planetary and one parallel stage gears. The gear ratios among the stages are calculated in a way to obtain the minimum gearbox weight. The gearbox components are designed and selected based on the offshore wind turbine design codes and validated by comparison to the data available from large offshore wind turbine prototypes. All parameters required to establish the dynamic model of the gearbox are then provided. Moreover, a maintenance map indicating components with high to low probability of failure is shown. The 5 MW reference gearbox can be used as a baseline for research on wind turbine gearboxes and comparison studies. It can also be employed in global analysis tools to represent a more realistic model of a gearbox in a coupled analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tobacco Use Among Healthcare Workers: Impact of a Worksite Policy Change at a US Military Community Hospital
Authors: Ryan Margaret , Romero Devan , Tolentino Jerlyn , Hammett Ian , Robins Danielle , Volden Jonathan , Pulvers Kim 
Published: July 2015

Introductions:Healthcare workers use less tobacco than other working populations. In contrast, US military members use more tobacco than civilians. Military healthcare workers, therefore, represent a unique group with regard to occupational factors that may influence tobacco use.Aims/Methods:Records of workers at a military community hospital were reviewed to describe tobacco use. An anonymous survey assessed impressions of a worksite policy change that prohibited tobacco use anywhere on hospital grounds.Results:Hospital staff included 2,074 professionals. Tobacco use was significantly associated with male sex and being a military enlisted worker. In fact, 37% of male enlisted members used tobacco; fewer than 10% of all other workers used tobacco. Among 232 survey respondents, 61% agreed with tobacco-restrictive worksite policies, but only 33% thought policies were effective. Nearly one-third of tobacco users reported decreasing use in the past year. In multivariable modelling, changing habits in response to worksite policy was the only factor significantly associated with decreased tobacco use.Conclusions:Tobacco use among US military healthcare workers varies markedly by demographic characteristics. Male, military enlisted workers use tobacco at very high rates, paralleling the troops they serve. Implementation of tobacco-restrictive worksite policies is associated with decreased tobacco use in this population.
Morphological responses of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) roots to phosphorus supply in two contrasting soils
Authors: YUAN H. M. , BLACKWELL M. , MCGRATH S. , GEORGE T. S. , GRANGER S. H. , HAWKINS J. M. B. , DUNHAM S. , SHEN J. B. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYTo cope with phosphorus (P) deficiency, plants adapt root morphology to enhance inorganic P (Pi) acquisition from soil by allocating more biomass to roots, but whether the responses can be modified across gradients of P supply is not fully understood. The present study examined changes in root-length density (RLD), root-hair density (RHD) and root-hair length (RHL) of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in two contrasting soils, the Rough and Barnfield soils. Wheat plants were grown for 3 weeks in thin-plate rhizotrons in two soils with additions of 0, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg P/kg soil. Contrary to published literature, as P additions increased it was observed that a concomitant increase in RHL (250 to 1054 µmin the Rough soil and 303–1075 µmin the Barnfield soil) and RHD (57 to 122/mm in the Rough soil and 56–120/mm in the Barnfield soil), while RLD generally decreased (2480–1130 cm/cm3in the Rough soil and 1716–865 cm/cm3in the Barnfield soil). The levels of added P that resulted in critical P concentrations in the soils enabling maximum shoot biomass production were 50 mg/kg P in the Rough soil and 100 mg/kg P in the Barnfield soil, and these additions influenced root morphological changes. Under severe P deficiency, P supply increased RHL and RHD, but RLD was decreased. Improvement in lateral root and root-hair responses in wheat at extreme P deficiency may be a worthy target for breeding more sustainable genotypes for future agroecosystems.
Utility of current sialendoscopes in the sinonasal cavity
Authors: Kieliszak C R , Khoury T R , Singh A , Joshi A S 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectives:This study assessed the utility of current sialendoscopes in the paranasal sinuses in a cadaveric model and evaluated novel uses for sialendoscopes.Methods:Currently available sialendoscopes were used for visualisation and performing interventions in the paranasal sinuses. Ten cadaver heads were studied before and after dissection. Outcomes included ostia identification, sinus cannulation, success of mucosal biopsy collection and image clarity.Results:Marchal and Erlangen sialendoscopes were found to be effective for both visualising and cannulating the sphenoid sinuses before and after dissection. Both types demonstrated poor maxillary ostia visualisation without dissection, but did allow treatment after antrostomy. Larger diameter sialendoscopes were associated with the lowest image distortion during maxillary ostia assessment. Mucosal biopsy collection within the sphenoid sinus, but not in the maxillary sinus, was possible before dissection.Conclusion:Sialendoscopes can be used for visualisation and performing interventions in the sinonasal cavity, but their utility is mainly limited to the sphenoid sinus. They may be considered a minimally invasive method for drug delivery and/or biopsy collection in the post-operative setting for all sinuses. Design improvements are suggested.
The Roots of Brazil's Heavy Taxation
Authors: ONDETTI GABRIEL 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLatin America is widely known as a low-tax region, but Brazil defies that description with a tax burden almost double the regional average. Though longstanding, Brazil’s position atop the tax burden ranking is not a historical constant. As recently as the early 1950s three other countries, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, had similar or even heavier burdens. However, by the early 1980s Brazil had emerged as the most heavily taxed country in Latin America, and subsequent decades reinforced that status. This article seeks to uncover the roots of Brazil’s heavy taxation by examining the process through which it rose to the top of the regional ranking and managed to stay there. It emphasises two variables, the social class bases of public sector growth and the degree of support for democracy among key political actors. Despite changing over time, these variables have consistently interacted in ways that favour rising taxation.
Weibull-type speckle distributions as a result of saturation in stimulated scattering processes
Authors: Hüller S. , Porzio A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDuring the propagation of an optically smoothed laser beam through a warm plasma the speckle field pattern and the corresponding speckle intensity distribution are modified in time and along the laser propagation direction. It is shown here that the laser–plasma interaction can change the character of speckle statistics from an initially exponential-type limit law to a Weibull-type law. The Weibull distribution is characterized by a power-law-type behavior in a limited interval of the random variable, which is, in the present case, the speckle intensity. The properties of the speckle distributions are studied using methods of extremal and order statistics. The scattering instability process (here stimulated Brillouin forward scattering) causing the change in speckle statistics has an onset behavior associated with a “critical gain” value, as pointed out in work by Rose and DuBois (1993b). The saturation of the instability process as a function of intensity explains the limited interval of the Weibull-type speckle distribution. The differences in the type of the speckle statistics are analyzed by using “excess over threshold” methods relying on the generalized Pareto distribution, which clearly brings to evidence the transition from an exponential type distribution to the Weibull-type distribution as a function of the instability gain value, that is, from the regime below critical gain to values above the critical gain.