bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Situations and Risk Factors of Unplanned Extubation of Nasogastric Tubes in Inpatients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chang Wen-Pei , Lin Yen-Kuang 
Published: August 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to understand whether the risk factors of the unplanned extubation (UE) of nasogastric (NG) tubes vary among different inpatient situations.

Methods
Inpatients who experienced UE between 2009 and 2022 at a medical center were selected, and electronic medical records were used to collect patient background data and their conditions during UE. A total of 302 patients were included in our analysis.

Results
Conscious patients were at greater risk of UE when coughing, scratching their nose, blowing their nose, or sneezing than those who were confused (odds ratio [OR] = 0.07, P < 0.001) and those who were drowsy or comatose (OR = 0.15, P = 0.026). During activity, repositioning, bathing, or changing incontinence pads, the risk of UE was higher in patients whose hands were not restrained at the time of UE than in those whose hands were restrained (OR = 0.05, P = 0.004), higher in those with companions than in those without companions (OR = 7.78, P = 0.002), and higher in those with longer NG tube placement time (OR = 1.05, P = 0.008). Accidental extubation (OR = 2.62, P = 0.007) occurred more frequently during activity, repositioning, bathing, or changing incontinence pads.

Conclusions
There is an increased risk of UE in conscious patients during activity, repositioning, bathing, or changing incontinence pads. Patients inserted with an NG tube for a longer period of time were at greater risk of accidental extubation during activity, repositioning, bathing, or changing incontinence pads irrespective of whether a companion could aid them if their hands were or were not restrained.
Optimizing high-temperature geothermal extraction through THM coupling: insights from SC-CO2 enhanced modeling
Authors: Zhang GuoLong 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis study investigates the coupling effects between temperature, permeability and stress fields during the development of geothermal reservoirs, comparing the impacts of inter-well pressure differentials, reservoir temperature and heat extraction fluid on geothermal extraction.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to explore the coupling mechanisms of temperature, permeability and stress fields in a geothermal reservoir using a thermal-hydrological-mechanical (THM) three-field coupling model.FindingsThe results reveal that the pressure differential between wells significantly impacts geothermal extraction capacity, with SC-CO2 achieving 1.83 times the capacity of water. Increasing the aperture of hydraulic and natural fractures effectively enhances geothermal production, with a notable enhancement for natural fractures.Originality/valueThe research provides a critical theoretical foundation for understanding THM coupling mechanisms in geothermal extraction, supporting the optimization of geothermal resource development and utilization.
A mixed methods study of influences on perceived budgeting accuracy in UK universities
Authors: Cropper Paul , Cowton Christopher 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThe accuracy of budgeting is important to fulfilling its various roles. The aim of this study is to examine perceptions of budgeting accuracy in UK universities and to identify and understand the factors that influence them.Design/methodology/approachA mixed methods research design comprising a questionnaire survey (84 responses, = 51.5%) and 42 semi-structured, qualitative interviews is employed.FindingsThe findings reveal that universities tend to be conservative in their budgeting, although previous financial difficulties, the attitude of the governing body and the need to convince lenders that finances are being managed competently might lead to a greater emphasis on a “realistic” rather than cautious budget. Stepwise multiple regression identified four significantly negative influences on perceived budgeting accuracy: the difficulty of forecasting student numbers; difficulties associated with allowing unspent balances to be carried forward; taking a relatively long time to prepare the budget; and the institution’s level of financial surplus. The interviews are drawn upon to both explain and elaborate on the statistical findings. Forecasting student numbers and associated fee income emerges as a particularly challenging and complex issue.Research limitations/implicationsOur regression analysis is cross-sectional and therefore based on correlations. Furthermore, the research could be developed by investigating the views of other parties as well as repeating the study in both the UK and overseas.Practical implicationsImplications for university management follow from the four factors identified as significant influences upon budget accuracy. These include involving the finance department in estimating student numbers, removing or controlling the carry forward of unspent funds, and reducing the length of the budget cycle.Originality/valueThe first study to examine the factors that influence the perceived accuracy of universities’ budgeting, this paper also advances understanding of budgeting accuracy more generally.
Subjective well-being of public relations and communication professionals in the context of perceived organisational support
Authors: Anton Anca 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine and analyse subjective well-being among public relations (PR) and communication professionals by looking at several factors: employer and employee engagement, work culture and relationships, work–life balance and conflict, job satisfaction, well-being and networking and perceived gender discrimination and sexual harassment. Additionally, we examine and discuss them in the context of perceived organisational support (POS) and management-mediated well-being.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines several dimensions of well-being in the PR/comms industry in Romania: employer and employee engagement, work culture and relationships, work–life balance and conflict, job satisfaction, well-being and networking and perceived gender discrimination and sexual harassment. 117 adult respondents (male and female, full-time employed and freelancers, professionals from PR, advertising and corporate communications) filled-in a questionnaire developed within the EUPRERA Women in PR Network, which brings together communication and human resource (HR) perspectives.FindingsThe study revealed a gap between perceived and practical organisational support related to well-being. While emotional support is acknowledged, actionable support is less present. Gender-specific challenges, such as networking stress and sexual harassment, were more prevalent among women. Age and experience influenced job satisfaction, with mature professionals reporting higher satisfaction but more work encroachment into personal time. The characteristics of the industry, including its feminisation at both executive and managerial levels and the predominance of small businesses as market actors, underscore the need for tailored well-being strategies based on gender and age conditioned by organisational capabilities and resources.Practical implicationsThe results can be used by PR and communication managers in Romania to better understand the perception of their employees regarding well-being and to develop organisational support systems.Originality/valueThis is the first study addressing well-being and POS in the PR and communication industries in Romania.
Riparian forests shape trophic interactions in detrital stream food webs
Authors: Oester Rebecca , Altermatt Florian , Bruder Andreas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Freshwater and terrestrial biodiversity are linked through spatial resource flows. Key examples are detrital subsidies from the riparian vegetation that form the base of food webs in small streams. Despite the central role of detritivores in these food webs, the consequences of altered riparian vegetation type and resource availability on their trophic strategies are less known.
Therefore, we experimentally tested direct and indirect effects of riparian vegetation type (i.e. riparian forests present vs. absent) on trophic interactions and dietary imbalances of aquatic detritivores. To characterise trophic strategies, we used stoichiometric and isotopic differences between consumers and resources as functional measures of trophic link strength in leaf litter bags naturally colonised by stream decomposers and detritivores.
Our results show that an absence of riparian forests affected stoichiometric and isotopic properties in stream detrital food webs. Where local riparian forests were absent, leaf litter showed lower C:N ratios, which only trichopteran detritivores mirrored, whereas plecopteran and crustacean detritivores showed differences in their isotopic signatures. Diverging patterns between resources and consumers could lead to a rewiring of energy flow paths and weaken the coupling between aquatic detritivores and terrestrial detritus.
Consequently, our findings demonstrate that riparian forests are essential for aquatic food webs by not only influencing organisms themselves but also their trophic interactions and energy flow paths. Aquatic detritivores depending on terrestrial subsidies can be highly sensitive to local changes in their resource environment. Therefore, functionally divergent patterns between resources and consumers in recipient systems highlight how habitat properties of the donor system can affect food webs connected across ecosystem boundaries.

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Constraints and demands interact to affect prey dietary reaction to predation
Authors: Shamir Weller N. D. , Raubenheimer D. , Hawlena D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Prey alter their foraging when threatened by predators. Two mutually inclusive hypotheses explain this response. The first entails that defence behaviours to minimise exposure to predators prevent prey from achieving their preferred diet, while the second postulates that prey deliberately change their diet to fulfil new stress‐induced nutritional demands.
We combined field observations and laboratory experiments to determine which hypothesis dictates snail dietary responses to risk of beetle predation.
Snails exposed to predation‐risk reduced activity, increased climbing, increased respiration, ate distinctively to achieve a certain nutrient target, and preferred eating on the cage floor at the costs of nutritional imbalance and elevated risk.
When only carbohydrates‐rich food was on the floor, stressed snails reduced activity and foraged less, but when only protein‐rich food was on the floor snails increased activity and consumed more carbohydrates than their no‐risk conspecifics.
This outcome suggests that nutrient accessibility may determine which hypothesis governs the prey dietary reaction to predation risk.

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Are we making the most of safe staffing research
Authors: Steven Alison , Bernardes Rafael A. , Bianchi Monica , Cornally Nicola , Costa Ana Inês , Pursio Katja , Di Nitto Marco , Zanini Milko , Luiking Marie‐Louise 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe uptake of research evidence on staffing issues in nursing by nursing leadership, management and into organizational policies seems to vary across Europe. This study wants to assess this uptake of research evidence.DesignScoping survey.MethodThe presidents of twelve country specific Sigma Chapters within the European Region answered written survey questions about work organisation, national staffing levels, national skill mix levels, staff characteristics, and education.ResultsSeven of the 12 chapters could not return complete data, reported that data was unavailable, there was no national policy or only guidance related to some settings.ConclusionEnhancing the awareness of nursing research and of nursing leaders and managers regarding staffing level evidence is not enough. It seems necessary to encourage nurse leaders to lobby for staffing policies.Clinical relevanceResearch evidence on staffing issues in nursing and how it benefits health care is available. In Europe this evidence should be used more to lobby for change in staffing policies.
Ultrafast Proteomics
Authors: Fedorov Ivan I. , Protasov Sergey A. , Tarasova Irina A. , Gorshkov Mikhail V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Current stage of proteomic research in the field of biology, medicine, development of new drugs, population screening, or personalized approaches to therapy dictates the need to analyze large sets of samples within the reasonable experimental time. Until recently, mass spectrometry measurements in proteomics were characterized as unique in identifying and quantifying cellular protein composition, but low throughput, requiring many hours to analyze a single sample. This was in conflict with the dynamics of changes in biological systems at the whole cellular proteome level upon the influence of external and internal factors. Thus, low speed of the whole proteome analysis has become the main factor limiting developments in functional proteomics, where it is necessary to annotate intracellular processes not only in a wide range of conditions, but also over a long period of time. Enormous level of heterogeneity of tissue cells or tumors, even of the same type, dictates the need to analyze biological systems at the level of individual cells. These studies involve obtaining molecular characteristics for tens, if not hundreds of thousands of individual cells, including their whole proteome profiles. Development of mass spectrometry technologies providing high resolution and mass measurement accuracy, predictive chromatography, new methods for peptide separation by ion mobility and processing of proteomic data based on artificial intelligence algorithms have opened a way for significant, if not radical, increase in the throughput of whole proteome analysis and led to implementation of the novel concept of ultrafast proteomics. Work done just in the last few years has demonstrated the proteome-wide analysis throughput of several hundred samples per day at a depth of several thousand proteins, levels unimaginable three or four years ago. The review examines background of these developments, as well as modern methods and approaches that implement ultrafast analysis of the entire proteome.
Ethnic differences in the manifestation of early-onset type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kibirige Davis , Katte Jean-Claude , Hill Anita V , Sekitoleko Isaac , Lumu William , Knupp Julieanne , Squires Steven , Hattersley Andrew T , Smeeth Liam , Jones Angus G , Nyirenda Moffat J 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionWe undertook phenotypic characterization of early-onset and late-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adult black African and white European populations with recently diagnosed T2D to explore ethnic differences in the manifestation of early-onset T2D.Research design and methodsUsing the Uganda Diabetes Phenotype study cohort of 500 adult Ugandans and the UK StartRight study cohort of 714 white Europeans with recently diagnosed islet autoantibody-negative T2D, we compared the phenotypic characteristics of participants with early-onset T2D (diagnosed at <40 years) and late-onset T2D (diagnosed at ≥40 years).ResultsOne hundred and thirty-four adult Ugandans and 113 white Europeans had early-onset T2D. Compared with late-onset T2D, early-onset T2D in white Europeans was significantly associated with a female predominance (52.2% vs 39.1%, p=0.01), increased body mass index (mean (95% CI) 36.7 (35.2–38.1) kg/m2vs 33.0 (32.4–33.6) kg/m2, p<0.001), waist circumference (112.4 (109.1–115.6) cm vs 108.8 (107.6–110.1) cm, p=0.06), and a higher frequency of obesity (82.3% vs 63.4%, p<0.001). No difference was seen with the post-meal C-peptide levels as a marker of beta-cell function (mean (95% CI) 2130.94 (1905.12–2356.76) pmol/L vs 2039.72 (1956.52–2122.92), p=0.62).In contrast, early-onset T2D in Ugandans was associated with less adiposity (mean (95% CI) waist circumference 93.1 (89.9–96.3) cm vs 97.4 (95.9–98.8) cm, p=0.006) and a greater degree of beta-cell dysfunction (120 min post-glucose load C-peptide mean (95% CI) level 896.08 (780.91–1011.24) pmol/L vs 1310.10 (1179.24–1440.95) pmol/L, p<0.001), without female predominance (53.0% vs 57.9%, p=0.32) and differences in the body mass index (mean (95% CI) 27.3 (26.2–28.4) kg/m2vs 27.9 (27.3–28.5) kg/m2, p=0.29).ConclusionsThese differences in the manifestation of early-onset T2D underscore the need for ethnic-specific and population-specific therapeutic and preventive approaches for the condition.
Reducing administrative burden by implementing a core set of quality indicators in the ICU: a multicentre longitudinal intervention study
Authors: Hesselink Gijs , Verhage Rutger , Westerhof Brigitte , Verweij Eva , Fuchs Malaika , Janssen Inge , van der Meer Catrien , van der Horst Iwan C C , de Jong Paul , van der Hoeven Johannes G , Zegers Marieke 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe number of quality indicators for which clinicians need to record data is increasing. For many indicators, there are concerns about their efficacy. This study aimed to determine whether working with only a consensus-based core set of quality indicators in the intensive care unit (ICU) reduces the time spent on documenting performance data and administrative burden of ICU professionals, and if this is associated with more joy in work without impacting the quality of ICU care.MethodsBetween May 2021 and June 2023, ICU clinicians of seven hospitals in the Netherlands were instructed to only document data for a core set of quality indicators. Time spent on documentation, administrative burden and joy in work were collected at three time points with validated questionnaires. Longitudinal data on standardised mortality rates (SMR) and ICU readmission rates were gathered from the Dutch National Intensive Care registry. Longitudinal effects and differences in outcomes between ICUs and between nurses and physicians were statistically tested.ResultsA total of 390 (60%), 291 (47%) and 236 (40%) questionnaires returned at T0, T1 and T2. At T2, the overall median time spent on documentation per day was halved by 30 min (p<0.01) and respondents reported fewer unnecessary and unreasonable administrative tasks (p<0.01). Almost one-third still experienced unnecessary administrative tasks. No significant changes over time were found in joy in work, SMR and ICU readmission.ConclusionsImplementing a core set of quality indicators reduces the time ICU clinicians spend on documentation and administrative burden without negatively affecting SMR or ICU readmission rates. Time savings can be invested in patient care and improving joy in work in the ICU.
Community and multisector partner engagement in US Vision Zero plan development
Authors: Greer Sylvia , Combs, Tabitha , Naumann Rebecca B , Keefe Elyse , LaJeunesse Seth , Evenson Kelly R 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundVision Zero aims to eliminate serious and fatal road injuries using a Safe System approach. Safe System principles establish that safety is a shared responsibility; this involves both multisector partners and community engagement. This descriptive study explored multisector partners and community engagement in the development of municipal Vision Zero plans.MethodsWe reviewed all first edition Vision Zero plans published by US municipalities from 2014 to 2022. Using a structured coding tool, we abstracted partner involvement and community engagement strategies used in the development of Vision Zero plans.ResultsWe identified, reviewed and abstracted 64 plans. The average number of partner groups per plan was 11.5 (12.0 for municipalities with a population ≥150 000; 10.1 for municipalities <150 000) and was higher for later plans (11.9 for plans published 2019–2022; 10.0 for plans published 2014–2018). Common partner groups engaged in the plan were law enforcement (85.9% of plans), local transportation planning (78.3%), mayor/city council/city manager (78.1%), engineering/public works (78.1%) and schools (73.4%). Community engagement strategies were reported in 71.9% of the plans and were more frequent among municipalities with a population ≥150 000 (76.1%) compared with a population <150 000 (61.1%), and in those with more recent plans (82.1%) versus earlier ones (56.0%). The most common community engagement strategies were public meetings, online surveys and map mark-ups.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the extent to which Vision Zero plans were aligned with core Safe System tenets regarding diverse partner involvement and community engagement. Plan developers should consider the translation of Safe System principles in Vision Zero plan development.
Road traffic safety for older adults: an emerging public health challenge in Thailand
Authors: Banju-Ngam Rattiya , Ichikawa Masao , Pattanarattanamolee Ratrawee , Nakahara Shinji 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundRoad safety for older adults should receive more attention in low-income and middle-income countries with rapidly ageing populations.MethodsUsing injury surveillance data from Khon Kaen Regional Hospital in northeastern Thailand, we calculated the proportion of older adults in the total number of patients who were fatally and non-fatally injured in road traffic crashes in each year from 2001 to 2020 and the proportion of road user type in the fatal and non-fatal patients by age groups for the entire study period to examine the extent to which older adults were involved in the crashes and with what mode of transportation.ResultsDuring the 20-year period, there were 5046 fatal and 180 353 non-fatal patients of whom 509 (10%) and 6087 (3%) were aged 65 years or older, respectively. From 2001 to 2020, this proportion increased from 3% to 20% among the fatal patients and from 1% to 6% among the non-fatal patients. Of the fatal and non-fatal patients aged 65 years or older, 50% and 54% were involved in road traffic crashes while driving motorcycles and 28% and 22% while riding bicycles or walking, respectively. Compared with patients aged 65–74 years, those aged 75 years or older tended to be bicyclists or pedestrians in the crashes, though as high as 40% of them were motorcycle drivers.ConclusionOlder adults are increasingly injured in road traffic crashes as vulnerable road users in Thailand. Therefore, road safety efforts should consider their presence on the road.