bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion of Arthrodesis to Total Hip Arthroplasty: Clinical Outcome, Complications, and Prognostic Factors of 21 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Villanueva Manuel , Sobrón Francisco Borja , Parra Javier , Rojo Jose Manuel , Chana Francisco , Vaquero Javier 
Published: June 2013

Background Although the results of hip arthrodesis compare favorably with those of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in younger patients, long-term consequences such as osteoarthritis of the neighboring joints may necessitate conversion of the arthrodesis to THA. Questions/Purposes The purpose of the present study is to assess mid-term clinical outcome and self-perceived improvement in patients who underwent conversion at our department. Secondary aims were incidence of complications and association between patient characteristics and characteristics of the fusions with the outcome of the procedure. Patients and Methods The study sample comprised 21 cases in 20 patients. Minimum follow-up was 3 years (mean, 8 ± 6.5 years) in 20 cases. Thirteen patients had surgical hip fusions and 7 (8 hips) had nonsurgical fusions. Mean age at the time of conversion was 58.5 years. Results Nineteen out of 21 cases had functioning implants at the latest follow-up visit. According to the Merle d'Aubigné scale, outcome was considered excellent, very good, or good in 15 cases. Lower back pain was reduced in all patients. All but two patients were satisfied after the conversion. The main complications observed included incomplete removal of bone block, intra-operative fractures, dislocation and damage to the femoral artery. Time to conversion and type of fusion had no significant correlation with the clinical outcome. Conclusions Conversion THA is a challenging but successful procedure according to the mid-term clinical outcome observed. Our study suggests that, prognostic factors should be used with caution when establishing indications and post-surgical expectations.
MAASH Technique for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Capsular Work
Authors: Delgado Felipe G. , Broch Albert , Reina Francisco , Ximeno Lluís , Torras David , García Francesc , Salvador Antoni 
Published: June 2013

Background Dislocation and leg length discrepancy are major complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Many surgical approaches for THA have been described, but none suggest a capsular incision that assures good exposure while maintaining adequate capsule integrity in closure. Purposes Modified anterolateral approach for stable hip (MAASH) is a modification of the classical Hardinge approach, but specifically preserves the anterior iliofemoral lateral ligament and pubofemoral ligament excising the “weak area” of the capsule, in the so called “internervous safe zone” and introducing the “box concept” for the anterior approach to the hip. This is the main difference of the MAASH approach. This technique can be used as a standard for all THA standard models, but we introduce new devices to make it easier. Methods From November 2007 to May 2012, data were collected for this observational retrospective consecutive case study. We report the results of 100 THA cases corresponding to the development curve of this new concept in THA technique. Results MAASH technique offers to hip surgeons, a reliable and reproducible THA anterolateral technique assuring accurate reconstruction of leg length and a low rate of dislocation. Only one dislocation and six major complications are reported, but most of them occurred at the early stages of technique development. Conclusion MAASH technique proposes a novel concept on working with the anterior capsule of the hip for the anterolateral approach in total hip arthroplasty, as well as for hemiarthroplasty in the elderly population with high dislocation risk factors. MAASH offers maximal stability and the ability to restore leg length accurately.
The Validity and Reliability of Preoperative Radiographic Canal Diameter Measurements of the Femur
Authors: Walsh Kenneth P. , Fowler John R. , Chen Oliver , Gaughan John P. , Ali Sayed , Rehman Mahin , Rehman Saqib 
Published: June 2013

Background The femoral canal is frequently measured preoperatively in cases where an intramedullary device is planned for operative fixation of a fracture. To our knowledge, a formal assessment of validity and reliability of preoperative canal measurements has not been previously performed. Questions/Purposes This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of preoperative canal measurements of the femur made on plain radiographs using comparison with curved planar reformation software as the gold standard. Methods Fifty-six patients were identified based on availability of anterior–posterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of the femur and computed tomography (CT) of the lower extremity. Four “raters” measured the canal diameter at its narrowest point and the distance from the lesser trochanter to the isthmus on the AP, lateral radiograph, and CT. The width of the femoral nail on AP radiographs was also measured to determine magnification error. Curved planar reformation (CPR) was used to provide the most accurate calculation of the canal diameter. Results Compared to the isthmus position determined by CPR, the measurement was most accurate on an AP and the diameter of the canal was most accurate using coronal CT, followed by AP radiographs. The measured canal diameter of the fractured femur on APs was compared to that of the used implant and varied by 1 mm. Discussion/Conclusion The AP plain radiographic measurement was found to be more accurate for determination of the canal diameter compared to the lateral radiograph. These findings confirm the utility of preoperative canal measurements in predicting the feasibility of placing a specific size intramedullary implant.
Competencies and urban Public Private Partnership projects in India: A case study analysis
Authors: Devkar Ganesh A , Mahalingam Ashwin , Kalidindi Satyanarayana N 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In India, the Public Private Partnership (PPP) model for project implementation has been gaining prominence as municipalities attempt to meet a growing demand for infrastructure services. However, weak competencies within urban local bodies (ULBs) present one of the primary bottlenecks to implementing PPPs in the delivery of urban services. In this paper we attempt to understand the kinds of competencies that are prevalent within ULBs in India, competencies that are often absent, strategies that are currently used to bridge these competency gaps, and approaches that ULBs should follow in order to create a more robust environment for PPPs. In order to do so, we first describe a competency framework for implementing urban PPP projects. We then adopt a case-based research approach to analyze five urban PPP projects. The case study analysis indicates that project development competencies are supplemented through the engagement of PPP coordination agencies. However, there are larger competency gaps in the area of project governance. The outcomes of this research study contribute to a growing body of knowledge on the performance of PPPs in developing countries and suggest areas for improvement in the existing institutional frameworks for urban PPP projects.
Cryphodera sinensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), a non-cyst-forming parasitic nematode from the root of ramie Boehmeria nivea in China
Authors: Zhuo K. , Wang H.H. , Ye W. , Peng D.L. , Liao J.L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCryphodera sinensis n. sp. is described from ramie (Boehmeria nivea) based on the morphology and molecular analyses of rRNA small subunit (SSU), D2D3 expansion domains of large subunit (LSU D2D3) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS). This new species is characterized by oval females with a distinct subcrystalline layer and pronounced and protruding vulval lip, distinctly concave vulva–anus profile and a vulva–anus distance of 29.5–35.8 μm. Males possess two annuli in the lip region, a stylet 27–32.5 μm in length with round knobs sloping slightly posteriorly, lateral fields with three lines, spicules 20–28 μm long and the presence of a short cloacal tube. Second-stage juveniles possess three lip annuli, a stylet 28–31 μm in length with well-developed knobs projected anteriorly and three lines along the lateral field. The pointed tail, 52–65 μm long, possesses a mucro-like tip and a hyaline region, 24.5–35 μm long. Large phasmids with a lens-like structure are located 2–6 annuli posterior to the anus. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the species has unique SSU, LSU D2D3 and ITS rRNA sequences. Phylogenetic relationships of the three rDNA sequences of C. sinensis n. sp. and other cystoid/cyst nematodes are analysed together with a comparison of other species within the genus Cryphodera.
New SETI prospects opened up by current information networking
Authors: Piotelat Elisabeth , Cerceau Florence Raulin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper discusses ideas that impact the fc factor as defined by Frank Drake in 1961, i.e. the fraction of planets with intelligent creatures capable of interstellar communication. This factor remains one of the most speculative terms of the equation. We suggest that the ability of sharing information is an important parameter to take into account in evaluating the tendency of a civilization to make contact (or share data) with other civilizations. Thus, we give special consideration to the fraction of planets with intelligent creatures capable of producing and sharing large amount of data. First, we determine the level of our own civilization in the framework of Sagan's energy- and information-based classification, by taking into account the recent improvements in computing and networking technologies. Second, we distinguish two types of organization, hierarchical and heterarchical, with respect to information sharing. We illustrate this distinction in the case of SETI and we show that the probability to detect a civilization would be greater if it is heterarchical than if it is hierarchical and if we utilize heterarchical principles for SETI.
Correlates and Cross-Linguistic Comparisons of Informativeness and Efficiency on Nicholas and Brookshire Discourse Stimuli in Spanish/English Bilingual Adults
Authors: Edmonds Lisa A. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine (a) correlates of informativeness and efficiency in discourse and (b) potential cross-linguistic and stimulus type (picture vs. nonpicture) differences in measures of informativeness and efficiency in Spanish/English bilingual adults in the United States.

Method
Eighty-eight Spanish/English young bilingual adults who self-reported being functional in both languages completed the discourse tasks from Nicholas and Brookshire (1993). Responses were analyzed with an adapted version of the scoring system that is based on correct information units (CIUs), the variable corresponding to informative words.

Results
Regression analyses showed that among participant-provided data, self-ratings of proficiency accounted for most of the variance in informativeness over time (CIUs/min), although usage was also important in Spanish. When naming accuracy was added as a variable, verb-naming accuracy superseded all variables as accounting for the most variance in CIUs/min across languages. Overall, participants provided more information more efficiently in English as compared to Spanish.

Conclusions
The results provide preliminary evidence that Nicholas and Brookshire stimuli and scoring procedures may be appropriate for Spanish/English bilinguals and suggest that self-ratings and usage information collected from participants, as well as naming accuracies, may be predictive of informativeness and efficiency in discourse.
Roles of Voice Onset Time and F0 in Stop Consonant Voicing Perception: Effects of Masking Noise and Low-Pass Filtering
Authors: Winn Matthew B. , Chatterjee Monita , Idsardi William J. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
The contributions of voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) were evaluated for the perception of voicing in syllable-initial stop consonants in words that were low-pass filtered and/or masked by speech-shaped noise. It was expected that listeners would rely less on VOT and more on F0 in these degraded conditions.

Method
Twenty young listeners with normal hearing identified modified natural speech tokens that varied by VOT and F0 in several conditions of low-pass filtering and masking noise. Stimuli included /b/–/p/ and /d/–/t/ continua that were presented in separate blocks. Identification results were modeled using mixed-effects logistic regression.

Results
When speech was filtered and/or masked by noise, listeners' voicing perceptions were driven less by VOT and more by F0. Speech-shaped masking noise exerted greater effects on the /b/–/p/ contrast, while low-pass filtering exerted greater effects on the /d/–/t/ contrast, consistent with the acoustics of these contrasts.

Conclusion
Listeners can adjust their use of acoustic-phonetic cues in a dynamic way that is appropriate for challenging listening conditions; cues that are less influential in ideal conditions can gain priority in challenging conditions.
Acoustic Investigations Into the Later Acquisition of Syllabic -esPlurals
Authors: Mealings Kiri T. , Cox Felicity , Demuth Katherine 
Published: June 2013

PurposeChildren acquire /-əz/ syllabic plurals (e.g.,buses) later than /-s, -z/ segmental plurals (e.g.,cats,dogs). In this study, the authors explored whether increased syllable number or segmental factors best explains poorer performance with syllabic plurals.MethodAn elicited imitation experiment was conducted with 14 two-year-olds involving 8 familiar disyllabic target plural nouns, half with syllabic plurals (e.g.,bus→buses) and half with segmental plurals (e.g.,letter→letters). Children saw pictures of the target items on a computer and repeated prerecorded 3-word-utterances with the target word in utterance-medial position (e.g., “Thebusescome”) and utterance-final position (e.g., “Hear thebuses”). Acoustic analysis determined the presence or absence of the plural morpheme and its duration.ResultsChildren had more trouble producing syllabic plurals compared with segmental plurals. Errors were especially evident in the utterance-medial position, where there was less time for the child to perceive/produce the word in the absence of phrase-final lengthening and where planning for the following word was still required.ConclusionsThe results suggested that articulatory difficulties—rather than a word length effect—explain later acquisition of syllabic plurals relative to segmental plurals. These findings have implications for the nature of syllabic plural acquisition in children with hearing impairments and specific language impairment.
The Effects of Production Demands on Grammatical Weaknesses in Specific Language Impairment: The Case of Clitic Pronouns in Italian
Authors: Leonard Laurence B. , Dispaldro Marco 
Published: June 2013

Purpose

Extended optional use of direct object clitic pronouns (e.g.,
la
in
Paula la vede
[“Paula sees her”]) appears to be a clinical marker for specific language impairment (SLI) in Italian. In this study, we examined whether sentence production demands might influence the degree to which Italian-speaking children with SLI produced clitics.

Method

Preschool-age children with SLI (
n
= 15) and 2 groups of younger typically developing children (
n
= 15 each) participated. Production demands were varied through use of a syntactic priming task.

Results
The children with SLI were more likely than the comparison children to omit the clitic in a control condition in which they had to describe a target picture without the benefit of a preceding sentence prime. The children with SLI were also more likely to describe target pictures using a default clitic or a clitic that had appeared in the preceding prime sentence but was inappropriate for the target.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that children with SLI have difficulty generating a sentence containing a grammatical slot for a clitic when production demands are increased, and when they succeed in generating such a sentence, they often cannot at the same time retrieve the appropriate clitic form.
Exploring the Limits of Frequency Lowering
Authors: Souza Pamela E. , Arehart Kathryn H. , Kates James M. , Croghan Naomi B. H. , Gehani Namita 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
This study examined how frequency lowering affected sentence intelligibility and quality for adults with postlingually acquired, mild-to-moderate hearing loss.

Method
Listeners included adults aged 60–92 years with sloping sensorineural hearing loss and a control group of similarly aged adults with normal hearing. Sentences were presented in quiet and babble at a range of signal-to-noise ratios. Intelligibility and quality were measured with varying amounts of frequency lowering, implemented using a form of frequency compression.

Results
Moderate amounts of compression, particularly with high cutoff frequencies, had minimal effects on sentence intelligibility. Listeners with the greatest high-frequency hearing loss showed the greatest benefit. Sentence intelligibility decreased with more compression. Listeners were more affected by a given set of parameters in noise than in quiet. In quiet, any amount of compression resulted in lower speech quality for most listeners, with the greatest degradation for listeners with better high-frequency hearing. Quality ratings were lower with background noise, and in noise, the effect of changing compression parameters was small.

Conclusions
The benefits of frequency lowering in adults were affected by the compression parameters as well as individual hearing thresholds. The data are consistent with the idea that frequency lowering can be viewed in terms of improved audibility versus increased distortion trade-off.
Nine Suggestions for the Professional Support of Persons With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis as Recounted by Surviving Spouses: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: McKelvey Miechelle , Beukelman David , Kawai Norimune , Evans David 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this report, we describe the professional support preferred by the surviving family members of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The participants in this study were six surviving spouses and one daughter of people with ALS who had used high- and low-technology AAC strategies to communicate. These informants shared the lived experience with their partners and parent with ALS from diagnosis to death and provided nine suggestions for the professional support of people with ALS.
Identification, Transmission, and Partial Characterization of a Previously Undescribed Flexivirus Causing a Mosaic Disease of Ash (Fraxinus spp.) in the USA
Authors: Machado-Caballero Jose Ernesto , Lockhart Ben E. , Mason Shauna L. , Mollov Dimitre , Smith Jason A. 
Published: June 2013

A previously undescribed virus with flexuous filamentous particles 720 nm in length was associated with a mosaic disease of ash (Fraxinus spp.) occurring in Minnesota, Ohio, New York, and Illinois. The virus was initially identified in white ash in Minnesota and named white ash mosaic virus (WAMV), but also occurred naturally in green, black, and blue ash. The virus was transmitted readily by mechanical inoculation and was determined to be the causal agent of the disease. It infected only ash, and was not transmitted through seed or by Myzus persicae. The virus has a ssRNA genome of approximately 9.0 kb and a capsid protein of ∼34 kDa based on electrophoretic analysis. One partial and five complete putative ORFs most similar in size, arrangement, and amino acid sequence to the corresponding genomic regions of flexiviruses were identified in a 5227 nt 3′ terminal fragment of the WAMV genome (GenBank accession no. GU906791.1). However, the relatively low levels (27-59%) of amino acid sequence identity suggests that WAMV is not related closely to any known member of the family Flexiviridae. White ash mosaic virus was identified in Minnesota in black ash trees showing symptoms of ash decline, a syndrome of wide occurrence and possible multiple etiology. Antibody and PCR-based protocols were developed for reliable detection of WAMV in ash and will be made available upon request. Accepted for publication 3 January 2012. Published 9 May 2013.
Use of Uptake Spraying Oil to Improve Fungicidal Activity of the Triazole Fungicide Fenbuconazole on Puccinia triticina and Puccinia striiformis Rusts of Wheat
Authors: deBoer Gerrit J. , Nott Peter , Kemmitt Gregory M. 
Published: June 2013

Fenbuconazole, a broad spectrum triazole fungicide with restricted uptake and consequent redistribution within wheat plants, has been perceived to possess limited curative properties when formulated as a suspension concentrate (SC). Field and greenhouse studies demonstrated that curative and to a lesser extent protectant activity of fenbuconazole on wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) was improved by the addition of the adjuvant Uptake™ Spraying Oil (Uptake is a trademark of Dow AgroSciences). The purpose of this study was to determine if the addition of adjuvant increased penetration of fenbuconazole into wheat tissue and if this was correlated with enhanced redistribution within the plant and the observed increase in activity. These data confirm that the addition of adjuvant improved penetration of fenbuconazole into wheat leaves and was responsible for the observed increase in biological activity of the fenbuconazole suspension concentrate formulation. In addition, adjuvant decreased the amount of material washed off with water a result suggesting the potential for improved rain-fastness in the field. Fenbuconazole's fungicidal activity against cereal rusts could be limited by poor penetration into plant tissue unless a suitable adjuvant is incorporated into the spray solution. Accepted for publication 31 January 2013. Published 28 May 2013.
Strategies for business schools in a multi‐polar world
Authors: Dameron Stephanie , Durand Thomas 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the contours of the emerging business education and institutions in a multi‐polar world and to identify the causes of the strategic convergence of management education, to explore the limitations of the dominant models of management education and to propose a range of strategic alternatives for business schools operating in the diversity of a multi‐polar world.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a critical review of the development of Anglo‐American modes of business education, and an evaluation of alternative strategic approaches to business school development that might engage with different contexts of business.FindingsThere is a tension between the continuing ascendancy of dominant Anglo‐American paradigms of management education, and the increasing recognition of the diversity of a multi‐polar world. This tension may be resolved by business schools following more distinctive strategies that are responsive to local contexts.Research limitations/implicationsThe research suggests business schools work towards greater recognition of culturally diverse business models, and develop tools of analysis appropriate to this context. Further research is necessary of the efforts to develop different approaches to business education, and of the strengths and limitations of these approaches.Practical implicationsThe analysis offers a rationale for exploring different strategies for business schools, and proposes some different models to examine.Originality/valueThis paper provides a critical assessment of the development and convergence of international business schools and business education, and an outline of alternative possibilities.