bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of New Hub Genes Associated with Bladder Carcinoma via Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Jia Zhuomin , Ai Xing , Sun Fengling , Zang Tong , Guan Yawei , Gao Feng 
Published: February 2015

Aims and Background Bladder carcinoma (BC) is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. Several genes related to the mechanism of BC have been studied in recent years, but the current understanding of BC is still rather limited. This study aimed to find new differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the occurrence and development of BC. Methods In this work, we downloaded gene expression data from Gene Expression Omnibus under accession number GSE27448, which included 10 GeneChips from urinary BC tissues and 5 from normal tissues. DEGs were identified by the LIMMA package in R. Then the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) networks were analyzed with the database of Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, and gene ontology (GO) was applied to explore the underlying function of the DEGs using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Results A total of 2,068 DEGs were found between BC and normal tissues. These genes were involved in 49 functional clusters. The top 10 highest degree nodes, such as POLR2F/2H (DNA directed RNA polymerase II polypeptide F/polypeptide H) and RPS14/15 (ribosomal protein S14/S15), were proven to be hub nodes in the PPIs network. ITGA7 (integrin, alpha 7), GRB14 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 14), CDC20 (cell division cycle 20) and PSMB1 (proteasome subunit, beta type, 1) were significant DEGs identified in the functional clusters. Conclusions Genes such as POLR2F/2H, RPS14/15, ITGA7, GRB14, CDC20 and PSMB1 were forecast to play important roles in the occurrence and progression of BC.
An Individual Risk Prediction Model for Lung Cancer Based on a Study in a Chinese Population
Authors: Wang Xu , Ma Kewei , Cui Jiuwei , Chen Xiao , Jin Lina , Li Wei 
Published: February 2015

Aims and Background Early detection and diagnosis remains an effective yet challenging approach to improve the clinical outcome of patients with cancer. Low-dose computed tomography screening has been suggested to improve the diagnosis of lung cancer in high-risk individuals. To make screening more efficient, it is necessary to identify individuals who are at high risk. Methods and Study design We conducted a case-control study to develop a predictive model for identification of such high-risk individuals. Clinical data from 705 lung cancer patients and 988 population-based controls were used for the development and evaluation of the model. Associations between environmental variants and lung cancer risk were analyzed with a logistic regression model. The predictive accuracy of the model was determined by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the optimal operating point. Results Our results indicate that lung cancer risk factors included older age, male gender, lower education level, family history of cancer, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lower body mass index, smoking cigarettes, a diet with less seafood, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, soybean products and nuts, a diet rich in meat, and exposure to pesticides and cooking emissions. The area under the curve was 0.8851 and the optimal operating point was obtained. With a cutoff of 0.35, the false positive rate, true positive rate, and Youden index were 0.21, 0.87, and 0.66, respectively. Conclusions The risk prediction model for lung cancer developed in this study could discriminate high-risk from low-risk individuals.
Association of the Genetic Polymorphisms in XRCC6 and XRCC5 with the Risk of ESCC in a High-incidence Region of North China
Authors: Li Kun , Yin Xiuli , Yang Hongli , Yang Jing , Zhao Jianjian , Xu Changqing , Xu Hongwei 
Published: February 2015

Background The XRCC6 and XRCC5 genes are part of the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, which is the main mechanism repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human cells. Genetic variations of XRCC6 and XRCC5 might contribute to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) susceptibility. Methods ESCC patients (n = 189) and cancer-free controls (n = 189) were recruited in an ESCC high-risk area of north China. Then the rs2267437 (XRCC6), rs3835 (XRCC5) and rs16855458 (XRCC5) polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Results A significant difference in genotype distribution and allele frequency of rs2267437 (XRCC6) was observed between the cases and controls. The CG carriers were at higher risk of ESCC (p = 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 2.040, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.323-3.147). G allele carriers were also associated with an increased ESCC risk (p = 0.003, OR = 1.868, 95% CI, 1.230-2.836). In the 2 polymorphisms of XRCC5, no significant difference was found between both groups in the distribution of either genotype or allelic frequency. But in the haplotypes established by the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of XRCC5, the haplotype AT and CC separately increased by 4.28- and 2.31-fold the risk ratio of ESCC (p = 0.01, OR = 4.28, 95% CI, 1.40-13.05; p = 0.03, OR = 2.31, 95% CI, 1.11-4.80, respectively). In addition, gene-smoking or gene-drinking interactions, and their effect on the risk of ESCC were observed, but no significant gene-environment interaction was demonstrated. Conclusions In conclusion, both the CG carriers/G allele carriers of rs2267437 (XRCC6) and the haplotype AT/CC established by the SNPs of XRCC5 are associated with ESCC susceptibility.
Differences in Morbidity of Neobladder versus Ileal Conduit: A Matched Pair Analysis on 134 Patients
Authors: Antonelli Alessandro , Belotti Sandra , Zamboni Stefania , Cristinelli Luca , De Luca Vincenzo , Simeone Claudio 
Published: February 2015

Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate whether performing an ileal conduit (IC) versus a neobladder (NB) during radical cystectomy (RC) can play a role on the morbidity of the surgical procedure. Materials and Methods At our institution since 2001, a database collecting the data of more than 450 patients who have undergone RC is perspectively maintained. The records of 246 patients submitted to RC and IC and 120 to RC and NB have been reviewed for the present study. By a binary logistic regression model, a propensity score was generated joining these factors: gender, age, smoking habit, Charlson' comorbidity score, platelet antiaggregants or oral anticoagulant therapy, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) score, hydronephrosis, pathologic T stage, and lymphadenectomy. A group of patients submitted to IC and another to NB having the closer propensity score were created with a matching ratio of 1:1. The following features were compared between the two groups: operative time, blood loss, intraoperative complication rate, and postoperative complications rate (overall, clavien 1–2, clavien ≥3, related to RC, relate to urinary reconstruction). Results One hundred thirty-four patients were selected, 67 submitted to NB, 67 to IC, well matched according to the desired features. No differences were noted for all the compared features. Conclusion The morbidity of RC does not seem to be dependent on the choice to perform IC versus NB.
Decreased calcification in the Southern Ocean over the satellite record
Authors: Freeman Natalie M. , Lovenduski Nicole S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWidespread ocean acidification is occurring as the ocean absorbs anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, threatening marine ecosystems, particularly the calcifying plankton that provide the base of the marine food chain and play a key role within the global carbon cycle. We use satellite estimates of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), surface chlorophyll, and sea surface temperature to provide a first estimate of changing calcification rates throughout the Southern Ocean. From 1998 to 2014 we observe a 4% basin‐wide reduction in summer calcification, with ∼9% reductions in large regions (∼1 × 106 km2) of the Pacific and Indian sectors. Southern Ocean trends are spatially heterogeneous and primarily driven by changes in PIC concentration (suspended calcite), which has declined by ∼24% in these regions. The observed decline in Southern Ocean calcification and PIC is suggestive of large‐scale changes in the carbon cycle and provides insight into organism vulnerability in a changing environment.
Evolution of generalized two‐dimensional magnetotail equilibria in ideal and resistive MHD
Authors: Merkin V. G. , Sitnov M. I. , Lyon J. G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe present results of two‐dimensional (2‐D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the terrestrial magnetotail. A regional adaptation of the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry global MHD model is used. As initial conditions, we employ a class of asymptotic magnetotail equilibria with and without an accumulation of magnetic flux at the tailward end (a Bz hump). The former have been recently shown by full particle simulations to be unstable to a kinetic mode with formal properties of ion tearing. Thus, our goal here is to investigate the evolution of the same equilibria in the MHD approximation and assist in the physical interpretation of the kinetic simulations. This is additionally motivated by the energy principle considerations which suggest that if the system is unstable kinetically, it may also be unstable ideally. To seek dynamical MHD regimes similar to those observed in kinetic simulations, we implement two sets of boundary conditions (velocity balanced, VB, and momentum balanced, MB), one allowing plasma flows through the boundaries and the other inhibiting such flows. The use of more reflecting MB boundary conditions results in suppression of any significant dynamics, and we see no substantial changes beyond initial equilibrium relaxation. On the other hand, VB boundary conditions allow a more efficient relaxation of initial equilibrium and absorb subsequently generated plasma flows. With these boundary conditions we find the equilibrium without a flux accumulation (i.e., with constant magnetic field component normal to the current sheet) to develop an apparently resistive mode accompanied by tailward plasma flows. At the same time, the equilibria with a Bz hump of sufficiently large amplitude develop a different, ideal, mode characterized by spontaneous generation of earthward plasma flows and an exponential growth of the corresponding electric field. This growth is qualitatively similar to the corresponding fully kinetic simulations although no explosive growth of the earthward moving Bz peak is evident in the MHD calculations, just an earthward shift of a part of the initial flux accumulation. We discuss implications of our results for the possibility of existence and impact of such equilibria in the Earth's magnetotail and in global MHD simulations.
Linking the spatial distribution of bed load transport to morphological change during high‐flow events in a shallow braided river
Authors: Williams R. D. , Rennie C. D. , Brasington J. , Hicks D. M. , Vericat D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper provides novel observations linking the connections between spatially distributed bed load transport pathways, hydraulic patterns, and morphological change in a shallow, gravel bed braided river. These observations shed light on the mechanics of braiding processes and illustrate the potential to quantify coupled material fluxes using remotely sensed methods. The paper focuses upon a 300 m long segment of the Rees River, New Zealand, and utilizes spatially dense observations from a mobile acoustic Doppler current profiler (aDcp) to map depth, velocity, and channel topography through a sequence of high‐flow events. Apparent bed load velocity is estimated from the bias in aDcp bottom tracking and mapped to indicate bed load transport pathways. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) of exposed bar surfaces is fused with the aDcp surveys to generate spatially continuous digital elevation models, which quantify morphological change through the sequence of events. Results map spatially distributed bed load pathways that were likely to link zones of erosion and deposition. The coherence between the channel thalweg, zone of maximum hydraulic forcing, and maximum apparent bed load pathways varied. This suggests that, in places, local sediment supply sources exerted a strong control on the distribution of bed load, distinct from hydraulic forcing. The principal braiding mechanisms observed were channel choking, leading to subsequent bifurcation. Results show the connection between sediment sources, pathways, and sinks and their influence on channel morphology and flow path directions. The methodology of coupling spatially dense aDcp surveys with TLS has considerable potential to understand connections between processes and morphological change in dynamic fluvial settings.
Permafrost thaw and soil moisture driving CO2 and CH4 release from upland tundra
Authors: Natali Susan M. , Schuur Edward A. G. , Mauritz Marguerite , Schade John D. , Celis Gerardo , Crummer Kathryn G. , Johnston Catherine , Krapek John , Pegoraro Elaine , Salmon Verity G. , Webb Elizabeth E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAs permafrost degrades, the amount of organic soil carbon (C) that thaws during the growing season will increase, but decomposition may be limited by saturated soil conditions common in high‐latitude ecosystems. However, in some areas, soil drying is expected to accompany permafrost thaw as a result of increased water drainage, which may enhance C release to the atmosphere. We examined the effects of ecosystem warming, permafrost thaw, and soil moisture changes on C balance in an upland tundra ecosystem. This study was conducted at a water table drawdown experiment, established in 2011 and located within the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research project, an ecosystem warming and permafrost thawing experiment in Alaska. Warming and drying increased cumulative growing season ecosystem respiration by ~20% over 3 years of this experiment. Warming caused an almost twofold increase in decomposition of a common substrate in surface soil (0–10 cm) across all years, and drying caused a twofold increase in decomposition (0–20 cm) relative to control after 3 years of drying. Decomposition of older C increased in the dried and in the combined warmed + dried plots based on soil pore space 14CO2. Although upland tundra systems have been considered CH4 sinks, warming and ground thaw significantly increased CH4 emission rates. Water table depth was positively correlated with monthly respiration and negatively correlated with CH4 emission rates. These results demonstrate that warming and drying may increase loss of old permafrost C from tundra ecosystems, but the form and magnitude of C released to the atmosphere will be driven by changes in soil moisture.
Mechanisms for convection triggering by cold pools
Authors: Torri Giuseppe , Kuang Zhiming , Tian Yang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCold pools are fundamental ingredients of deep convection. They contribute to organizing the subcloud layer and are considered key elements in triggering convective cells. It was long known that this could happenmechanically, through lifting by the cold pools' fronts. More recently, it has been suggested that convection could also be triggeredthermodynamically, by accumulation of moisture around the edges of cold pools. A method based on Lagrangian tracking is here proposed to disentangle the signatures of both forcings and quantify their importance in a given environment. Results from a simulation of radiative‐convective equilibrium over the ocean show that parcels reach their level of free convection through a combination of both forcings, each being dominant at different stages of the ascent. Mechanical forcing is an important player in lifting parcels from the surface, whereas thermodynamic forcing reduces the inhibition encountered by parcels before they reach their level of free convection.
A Dehydrogenative Diels–Alder Reaction of Prenyl Derivatives with 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyanobenzoquinone
Authors: Feng Hong‐Xia , Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Jie , Zhou Ling 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAn efficient dehydrogenative Diels–Alder (DHDA) reaction of prenyl derivatives with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) has been developed under mild conditions, leading to a series of cyclohexene derivatives with good to excellent yields and excellent diastereoselectivity.magnified image
French firefighter mortality: Analysis over a 30‐year period
Authors: Amadeo Brice , Marchand Jean‐Luc , Moisan Frédéric , Donnadieu Stéphane , Coureau Gaëlle , Mathoulin‐Pélissier Simone , Lembeye Christian , Imbernon Ellen , Brochard Patrick 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo explore mortality of French professional male firefighters.MethodsStandardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated for 10,829 professional male firefighters employed in 1979 and compared with the French male population between 1979–2008. Firefighters were identified from 89 French administrative departments (93% of population).ResultsOne thousand six hundred forty two deaths were identified, representing significantly lower all‐cause mortality than in the general population (SMR = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.77–0.85). SMR increased with age and was not different from 1 for firefighters >70 years. No significant excess of mortality was observed for any specific cause, but a greater number of deaths than expected were found for various digestive neoplasms (rectum/anus, pancreas, buccal‐pharynx, stomach, liver, and larynx).ConclusionWe observed lower all and leading‐cause mortality likely due to the healthy worker effect in this cohort, with diseases of the respiratory system considerably lower (SMR = 0.57). Non‐significant excesses for digestive neoplasms are notable, but should not be over‐interpreted at this stage. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:437–443, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Dual‐Phase Membrane with High Oxygen Permeability
Authors: Fang Wei , Liang Fangyi , Cao Zhengwen , Steinbach Frank , Feldhoff Armin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTo combine good chemical stability and high oxygen permeability, a mixed ionic‐electronic conducting (MIEC) 75 wt % Ce0.85Gd0.1Cu0.05O2−δ‐25 wt % La0.6Ca0.4FeO3−δ (CGCO‐LCF) dual‐phase membrane based on a MIEC–MIEC composite has been developed. Copper doping into Ce0.9Gd0.1O2−δ (CGO) oxide enhances both ionic and electronic conductivity, which then leads to a change from ionic conduction to mixed conduction at elevated temperatures. For the first time we demonstrate that an intergranular film with 2–10 nm thickness containing Ce, Ca, Gd, La, and Fe has been formed between the CGCO grains in the CGCO‐LCF one‐pot dual‐phase membrane. A high oxygen permeation flux of 0.70 mL min−1 cm−2 is obtained by the CGCO‐LCF one‐pot dual‐phase membrane with 0.5 mm thickness at 950 °C using pure CO2 as the sweep gas, and the membrane shows excellent stability in the presence of CO2 even at lower temperatures (800 °C) during long‐term operation.
Temperaturgesteuerte bidirektionale Enantioselektivität eines dynamischen Katalysators für asymmetrische Hydrierungen
Authors: Storch Golo , Trapp Oliver 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAsymmetrische Katalyse mit enantiomerenreinen Katalysatoren ist eine der weitverbreitetsten Methoden zur Herstellung enantiomerenreiner Verbindungen. Die selektive Synthese beider enantiomerenreiner Produkte erfordert dabei die aufwändige Synthese beider enantiomerenreiner Katalysatoren oder alternativ die Enantiomerentrennung racemischer Produkte. Wir stellen einen stereodynamisch flexiblen diastereomeren Rhodium(I)‐Katalysator für die asymmetrische Hydrierung prochiraler (Z)‐α‐Acetamidozimtsäure‐ und α‐substituierter Acrylsäurederivate vor, der seine Enantioselektivität in Abhängigkeit der Temperatur ändert und somit selektiv beide Enantiomere in hoher Ausbeute liefert. Derselbe axial‐chirale Rhodium(I)‐Katalysator bildet (R)‐Phenylalaninderivate mit Enantiomerenverhältnissen bis zu 87:13 (R/S) bei niedriger Temperatur und bis zu 3:97 (R/S) des entsprechenden S‐Enantiomers nach Reäquilibrierung des Katalysators bei erhöhter Temperatur.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Macrocyclic Heterobiaryl Derivatives of Molecular Asymmetry by Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Okayama Yoichi , Tsuji Satoru , Toyomori Yuka , Mori Atsunori , Arae Sachie , Wu Wei‐Yi , Takahashi Tamotsu , Ogasawara Masamichi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWinding vine‐shaped molecular asymmetry is induced by enantioselective ring‐closing metathesis with a chiral molybdenum catalyst. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions through an E‐selective ring‐closing metathesis leading to macrocyclic bisazoles with enantioselectivities of up to 96 % ee.
Electro‐assembly of a Chromophore–Catalyst Bilayer for Water Oxidation and Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Ashford Dennis L. , Sherman Benjamin D. , Binstead Robert A. , Templeton Joseph L. , Meyer Thomas J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe use of electropolymerization to prepare electrocatalytically and photocatalytically active electrodes for water oxidation is described. Electropolymerization of the catalyst RuII(bda)(4‐vinylpyridine)2 (bda=2,2′‐bipyridine‐6,6′‐dicarboxylate) on planar electrodes results in films containing semirigid polymer networks. In these films there is a change in the water oxidation mechanism compared to the solution analogue from bimolecular to single‐site. Electro‐assembly construction of a chromophore–catalyst structure on mesoporous, nanoparticle TiO2 films provides the basis for a dye‐sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC) for sustained water splitting in a pH 7 phosphate buffer solution. Photogenerated oxygen was measured in real‐time by use of a two‐electrode cell design.
Temperature‐Controlled Bidirectional Enantioselectivity in a Dynamic Catalyst for Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Storch Golo , Trapp Oliver 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAsymmetric catalysis using enantiomerically pure catalysts is one of the most widely used methods for the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds. The separate synthesis of both enantiomerically pure compounds requires tedious and time‐consuming preparation of both enantiomerically pure catalysts or chiral separation of the racemic products. Here, we report a stereochemically flexible diastereomeric rhodium(I) catalyst for asymmetric hydrogenations of prochiral (Z)‐α‐acetamidocinnamates and α‐substituted acrylates, which changes its enantioselectivity depending on the temperature to produce each enantiomerically pure compound in high yield with constant high enantioselectivity over time. The same axially chiral rhodium(I) catalyst produces (R)‐phenylalanine derivatives in enantiomeric ratios of up to 87:13 (R/S) at low temperature and up to 3:97 (R/S) of the corresponding S enantiomers after re‐equilibration of the same catalyst at elevated temperature.
OH‐Directed Alkynylation of 2‐Vinylphenols with Ethynyl Benziodoxolones: A Fast Access to Terminal 1,3‐Enynes
Authors: Finkbeiner Peter , Kloeckner Ulrich , Nachtsheim Boris J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe first direct alkynylation of 2‐vinylphenols was developed. The rationally optimized hypervalent iodine reagent TIPS‐EBX* in combination with [(Cp*RhCl2)2] as a CH‐activating transition metal catalyst enables the construction of a variety of highly substituted 1,3‐enynes in high yields of up to 98 %. This novel CH activation method shows excellent chemoselectivity and exclusive (Z)‐stereoselectivity, and it is also remarkably mild and tolerates a variety of functional groups. Furthermore, synthetic modifications of the resulting 1,3‐enynes were demonstrated. To our knowledge, this is the first example for an OH‐directed CH alkynylation with hypervalent iodine reagents.