bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrene Degradation in Forest Humus Microcosms with or without Pine and its Mycorrhizal Fungus
Authors: Koivula Teija T. , Salkinoja‐Salonen Mirja , Peltola Rainer , Romantschuk Martin 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe mineralization potential of forest humus and the self‐cleaning potential of a boreal coniferous forest environment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds was studied using a model ecosystem of acid forest humus (pH = 3.6) and pyrene as the model compound. The matrix was natural humus or humus mixed with oil‐polluted soil in the presence and absence of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its mycorrhizal fungus (Paxillus involutus). The rates of pyrene mineralization in the microcosms with humus implants (without pine) were initially insignificant but increased from Day 64 onward to 47 μg kg−1 d−1 and further to 144 μg kg−1 d−1 after Day 105. In the pine‐planted humus microcosms the rate of mineralization also increased, reaching 28 μg kg−1 d−1 after Day 105. The 14CO2 emission was already considerable in nonplanted microcosms containing oily soil at Day 21 and the pyrene mineralization continued throughout the study. The pyrene was converted to CO2 at rates of 0.07 and 0.6 μg kg−1 d−1 in the oily‐soil implanted microcosms with and without pine, respectively. When the probable assimilation of 14CO2 by the pine and ground vegetation was taken into account the most efficient microcosm mineralized 20% of the 91.2 mg kg−1 pyrene in 180 d. The presence of pine and its mycorrhizal fungus had no statistically significant effect on mineralization yields. The rates of pyrene mineralization observed in this study for forest humus exceeded the total annual deposition rate of PAHs in southern Finland. This indicates that accumulation in forest soil is not to be expected.
Surface Retention and Photochemical Reactivity of the Diphenylether Herbicide Oxyfluorfen
Authors: Scrano Laura , Bufo Sabino A. , Cataldi Tommaso R. I. , Albanis Triantafyllos A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe photochemical behavior of oxyfluorfen [2‐chloro‐1‐(3‐etoxy‐4‐nitrophenoxy)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl) benzene] on two Greek soils was investigated. Soils were sampled from Nea Malgara and Preveza regions, characterized by a different organic matter content. Soils were spiked with the diphenyl‐ether herbicide and irradiation experiments were performed either in the laboratory with a solar simulator (xenon lamp) or outside, under natural sunlight irradiation; other soil samples were kept in the dark to control the retention reaction. Kinetic parameters of both retention and photochemical reactions were calculated using zero‐, first‐ and second‐ (Langmuir–Hinshelwood) order equations, and best fit was checked through statistical analysis. The soil behaviors were qualitatively similar but quantitatively different, with the soil sampled from the Nea Malgara region much more sorbent as compared with Preveza soil. All studied reactions followed second‐order kinetics and photochemical reactions were influenced by retaining capability of the soils. The contributions of the photochemical processes to the global dissipation rates were also calculated. Two main metabolites were identified as 2‐chloro‐1‐(3‐ethoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenoxy)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzene and 2‐chloro‐1‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐nitrophenoxy)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzene.
Concentration–Time Exposure Index for Modeling Soil Fumigation under Various Management Scenarios
Authors: Wang D. , He J. M. , Knuteson J. A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBest management decisions in soil fumigation require informed management selections of soil type, field geometry, application dosage, and depth to maximize fumigant distribution for efficacy and minimize off‐site transport for environmental safety. An efficacy‐ or exposure‐based concentration–time exposure index (CTEI) was used to serve as a continuous quantitative efficacy assessment for soil fumigation by subsurface drip irrigation using numerical model simulations. The CTEI was defined as the ratio between the soil volume where concentration–time (CT) exceeded a threshold value for a particular pest–fumigant combination and the total soil volume required for fumigation treatment. Applications of CTEI as a simple efficacy index were demonstrated by simulating combinations of three soil types (loam, sandy loam, sand); three field configurations consisting of 102‐ and 203‐cm‐wide bed systems and a flat surface system; three application depths (15, 30, 45 cm); and two application rates (82 and 327 kg ha−1) for 1,3‐dichloropropene against citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) using a threshold air‐phase CT value of 12 μg h cm−3 obtained from a separate field study. For soil fumigation by subsurface drip irrigation, the order of importance in optimizing CTEI was soil type, depth of application and depth of treatment, dosage, and field configuration. Model simulation using CTEI as a numeric efficacy index can be an effective alternative to assist in the planning of field trials for making final management decisions concerning soil fumigation or other pesticide applications.
Sequential Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SSFE) for Estimating the Availability of High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Historically Polluted Soils
Authors: Szolar Oliver H. J. , Rost Helmut , Hirmann Doris , Hasinger Marion , Braun Rudolf , Loibner Andreas P. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTSequential supercritical fluid (CO2) extraction (SSFE) was applied to eight historically contaminated soils from diverse sources with the aim to elucidate the sorption–desorption behavior of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The method involved five extraction phases applying successively harsher conditions by increasing fluid temperature and density mobilizing target compounds from different soil particle sites. Two groups of soils were identified based on readily desorbing (available) PAH fractions obtained under mildest extraction conditions (e.g., readily desorbing fractions of fluoranthene and pyrene significantly varied between the soils ranging from <10 to >90%). Moreover, extraction behavior strongly correlated with molecular weight revealing decreasing available PAH fractions with increasing weight. Physicochemical soil parameters such as particle size distribution and organic dry mass were found to have no distinct effect on the sorption–desorption behavior of PAHs in the different soils. However, PAH profiles significantly correlated with readily available pollutant fractions; soils with relatively less mobile PAHs had higher proportions of five‐ and six‐ring PAHs and vice versa. Eventually, biodegradability corresponded well with PAH recoveries under the two mildest extraction phases. However, a quantitative relationship was only established for soils with biodegradable PAHs. Out of eight soils, five showed no biodegradation including the four soils with the lowest fraction of readily desorbing PAHs. Only one soil (which was found to be highly toxic to Vibrio fischeri) did not match the overall pattern showing no PAH biodegradability but large fractions of highly mobile PAHs, concluding that mass transfer limitations may only be one of many factors governing biodegradability of PAHs.
Use of shape correspondence analysis to quantify skeletal changes associated with bone-anchored Class III correction
Authors: Nguyen Tung , Cevidanes Lucia , Paniagua Beatriz , Zhu Hongtu , Koerich Leonardo , De Clerck Hugo 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) skeletal changes in the mandibles of Class III patients treated with bone-anchored maxillary protraction using shape correspondence analysis.

Material and Method:
Twenty-five consecutive patients with skeletal Class III who were between the ages of 9 and 13 years (mean age, 11.10 ± 1.1 years) were treated using Class III intermaxillary elastics and bilateral miniplates (two in the infrazygomatic crests of the maxilla and two in the anterior mandible). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed for each patient before initial loading (T1) and at 1 year out (T2). From the CBCT scans, 3D models were generated, registered on the anterior cranial base, and analyzed using 3D linear distances and vectors between corresponding point-based surfaces.

Results:
Bone-anchored traction produced anteroposterior and vertical skeletal changes in the mandible. The novel application of Shape correspondence analysis showed vectors of mean (± standard deviation) distal displacement of the posterior ramus of 3.6 ± 1.4 mm, while the chin displaced backward by 0.5 ± 3.92 mm. The lower border of the mandible at the menton region was displaced downward by 2.6 ± 1.2 mm, and the lower border at the gonial region moved downward by 3.6 ± 1.4 mm. There was a downward and backward displacement around the gonial region with a mean closure of the gonial angle by 2.1°. The condyles were displaced distally by a mean of 2.6 ± 1.5 mm, and there were three distinct patterns for displacement: 44% backward, 40% backward and downward, and 16% backward and upward.

Conclusion:
This treatment approach induces favorable control of the mandibular growth pattern and can be used to treat patients with components of mandibular prognathism.
Schneiderian Papillomas: Comparative Review of Exophytic, Oncocytic, and Inverted Types
Authors: Vorasubin Nopawan , Vira Darshni , Suh Jeffrey D. , Bhuta Sunita , Wang Marilene B. 
Published: July 2013

Background Sinonasal papillomas are benign epithelial neoplasms arising from Schneiderian mucosa. The three subtypes, exophytic, oncocytic, and inverted (inverted papilloma [IP]), should be distinguished from one another histopathologically. This study (1) highlight the histopathological and clinical differences between the Schneiderian papilloma subtypes and (2) identifies clinical features that potentially predict papilloma subtypes. Methods A retrospective review was performed of patients with Schneiderian papillomas over an 11-year period. Results Seventy patients with sinonasal papillomas who underwent sinus surgery were identified. There were 50 (71%) male and 20 (29%) female subjects diagnosed at an average age of 53 years (range, 13–80 years). Exophytic (n = 25), oncocytic (n = 9), and IP (n = 37) were identified. IP was associated with transformation into squamous cell carcinoma in three (8%) cases and dysplasia in three (8%) cases. Neither oncocytic nor exophytic subtypes were associated with dysplasia or malignancy. On multivariate analysis of potential predictors of papilloma subtype, history of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and location of papilloma were significantly associated with papilloma subtype. Using classification and regression tree model, papilloma subtypes can be predicted based on presence or absence of CRS and papilloma location with nominal 82.4% accuracy. Conclusion The inverted and exophytic type are the most common sinonasal papillomas, with the inverted type having an 8% rate of malignant transformation in this study. In contrast, the oncocytic type was not associated with dysplasia or malignancy in our series despite reports in the literature indicating malignant potential. History of CRS and papilloma location can provide clues to the histological subtype, which is important for surgical planning and patient counseling.
Management of Radiation-Induced Early Nasal Adhesion after Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Xiang Liu , Fa-ya Liang , Ping Han , Hua Zou , Qiu-jian Chen , Xiao-yu Jiang , Rui-Chen Li , Xiao-Ming Huang 
Published: July 2013

Background This study investigates the conservative management of radiation-induced early nasal adhesion after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods From June 2008 to June 2010, patients with bilateral or unilateral early nasal adhesion after radiotherapy for NPC were selected. All patients received endoscopic management and then nasal irrigation daily and nasal steroids spray for at least 3 months. All of the clinical data and follow-up endoscopy were analyzed. Results There were 40 patients enrolled. The mean follow-up period was 19.6 months (range, 12–24 months) after procedure. Thirty-eight patients (95%) had patent nasal cavity during follow-up. Two patients (5%) had not received endoscopy regularly and developed severe fibrosis. For the whole group, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, hyposmia, and xerostomia all were improved from before management according to visual analog score (p < 0.05). Conclusion Therapeutic endoscopy in combination with nasal steroid sprays and nasal irrigation provides a convenient, simple, effective, and minimally invasive therapy to treat early radiation-induced nasal adhesion patients.
Family and friends' fears of recurrence: impact on the patient's recovery after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Covey Judith , Noble Adam J. , Schenk Thomas 
Published: July 2013

Object
Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and their close friends and family may be excessively fearful that the patient will have a recurrence, and such fears could play a critical role in the poor recovery shown by many patients The authors examined whether these fears could account for significant variance in psychosocial outcomes.

Methods
The authors prospectively studied a sample of 69 patients with SAH alongside their spouse, other family member, and/or close friend identified as their significant other (SO). The patient/SO pairs were assessed at 13 months postictus for their fears of recurrence and for health-related quality of life on the 8 domains of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.

Results
The SOs were found to be significantly more fearful of SAH recurrence than the patients. The SO's fears also explained unique variance in the patient's recovery on 4 of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey domains over and above the patient's own fears, demographic and/or neurological variables, and the patient's history of psychiatric or neurological problems. The domains affected reflected activity-based and functional aspects of the patient's quality of life as opposed to more general characteristics of their emotional well-being or physical health state.

Conclusions
The patient's recovery may be compromised if their spouse, close family, and/or friends are excessively fearful about their suffering a recurrence. Perhaps the SO's fears cause them to be overprotective of the patient and to restrict their day-to-day activities. Attention must therefore be given to the experience of having a loved one suffer from an SAH, and alleviating the caregiver's fears could help to promote a better outcome for the patient.
Le nu féminin en mouvement
Authors: Perrin Julie 
Published: July 2013

Le nu sur la scène chorégraphique contemporaine réactive et déplace les questions soulevées par l’engagement du corps dans la performance des années 1960, en particulier au Judson Dance Theater. Notre propos est ici de réfléchir, à partir de performances de Robert Morris, Carolee Schneemann, Vera Mantero et Gaëlle Bourges, à l’ordre esthétique, juridique ou moral que le nu peut venir troubler. La mise en mouvement du nu est au cœur des débats sur l’ordinaire, le féminisme et l’histoire de l’art.
L'impact des partis religieux sur le processus de démocratisation en Turquie
Authors: Karakas Cemal 
Published: July 2013

En Turquie, les organisations ou partis dont les objectifs sont basés sur des concepts liés à l’islam sont interdits. Néanmoins, on observe depuis les années 1950 une montée des partis pro-islamiques et leur arrivée progressive au pouvoir. Cet article analyse la montée, les politiques des partis religieux et leur impact sur le processus de démocratisation du pays entre 1950 et 2012. Les conclusions sont doubles : les partis religieux au gouvernement ont, avec une intensité variable, œuvré en faveur de la démocratisation du pays. Dans ce contexte, la rigidité de la « Trinité kémaliste » - républicanisme, nationalisme et laïcité - a volontairement contribué à modérer l’idéologie de l’islam politique sur la durée. En parallèle, les dysfonctionnements du système politique kémaliste ont favorisé les postures de plus en plus autoritaires de ces partis, en particulier pour l’AKP. La transition vers une démocratie turque consolidée s’avère être inconsistante et finalement peu concluante.
Quelle « place » pour des pêcheurs urbains ? Le cas de Bamako (Mali)
Authors: Croix Kévin de la , Ferry Luc , Landy Frédéric , Traoré Boureïma , Muther Nadine , Tangara Bekaye , Martin Didier 
Published: July 2013

La pêche au Mali a constitué dans les années 1990 un sujet de recherche important dans sa partie deltaïque, mais peu de cas a été fait du Niger supérieur, et moins encore dans le contexte de la capitale. Pourtant le fleuve Niger dans sa traversée de Bamako est le lieu d’une intense activité de pêche, encore méconnue, qui possède ses propres spécificités territoriales, techniques et systèmes de gouvernance. On recense près de 21 campements de pêcheurs installés sur les berges et les îles de la capitale, qui participent à l’économie urbaine. Mais l’expansion spatiale et démographique de la capitale engendre de nombreuses contraintes qui pèsent sur cette communauté de pêcheurs, parmi lesquelles l’accès à la propriété foncière. C’est ainsi qu’un vaste projet d’aménagement des berges du fleuve fait peser une réelle menace sur cette activité. L’activité et l’avenir des pêcheurs fluviaux à Bamako mérite d’être étudiée car les dynamiques et les innovations observées sont instructives, que ce soit pour l’analyse de ce secteur et de son évolution dans l’ensemble du pays que pour les représentations de ce que doit être « l’urbanité ».
Evaluation of Temporal Bone Cholesteatoma and the Correlation between High Resolution Computed Tomography and Surgical Finding
Authors: Gomaa Mohammed A. , Karim Abdel Rahim A. Abdel , Ghany Hosny S. Abdel , Elhiny Ahmed A. , Sadek Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2013

Background Acquired cholesteatomas are commonly seen in patients less than 30 years. There is a typical history of recurrent middle ear infections with tympanic membrane perforation. The diagnosis of cholesteatoma is usually made on otologic examination. Objective The aim of the work was to study the role of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in detecting, evaluating, and diagnosing middle ear cholesteatoma. Patients and methods This was a prospective study that included 56 consecutive patients with chronic suppurative otitis media, unsafe type cholesteatomas. Each patient was subjected to full clinical evaluation, and HRCT examination. Intravenous contrast media was used in some patients with suspected intracranial complication. Preoperative radiological data were correlated with data related to surgical findings. Results The study showed that a high incidence of cholesteatoma in the third decade of life. The scutum and lateral attic wall were the most common bony erosions in the middle ear bony wall (64.3%), and the incus was the most eroded ossicle in the middle ear (88.2%). Sclerosing of mastoid air cells were encountered in 60.7% of patients and the lateral semicircular canal was affected in 9%, while facial canal erosion was found in 21.4%. Temporal bone complications are more common than intracranial complications. HRCT findings were compared with operative features; the comparative study included the accuracy and sensitivity of HRCT in detecting cholesteatoma (92.8%), its location and extension (96.4%), ossicular chain erosion (98%), labyrinthine fistula and intracranial complications (100%). Conclusion The important role of HRCT scannig lies on the early detection of cholesteatoma, and more conservative surgical procedures can be used to eradicate the disease.
Oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum, cat eye, and distal 22q11 microdeletion syndromes: A unique double rearrangement
Authors: Torti Erin E. , Braddock Stephen R. , Bernreuter Kristen , Batanian Jacqueline R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn array‐CGH on 19‐year‐old male showed a proximal 1.11 Mb duplication and a distal 1.7 Mb deletion of 22q11.2 regions flanking the Velocardiofacial/DiGeorge syndrome region that remained intact. FISH analyses revealed both abnormalities to be on the same homolog 22. This double rearrangement lead to the co‐existence of two syndromes: Cat eye and distal 22q11.2 microdeletion syndromes with a rare associated phenotype of oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum (OAVS). A review of the literature indicates that this is the second report of a proximal duplication and the fifth report of a distal deletion and OAVS suggestive of a possible OAVS candidate gene in this region. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flüssigkristalline Ordnung als Konzept in den Materialwissenschaften: von Halbleitern zu funktionalen Bauteilen
Authors: Fleischmann Eva‐Kristina , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDie einzigartigen optischen Eigenschaften von flüssigkristallinen Phasen (LCs) werden schon seit langem in Flachbildschirmen genutzt. Durch die Besonderheiten dieser Mesophase im Zwischenbereich zwischen dem Kristall (Ordnung) und der isotropen Schmelze (Beweglichkeit) eignen sich flüssigkristalline Materialien aber auch zu einer Vielzahl von weiteren Anwendungen. Der hohe Grad an molekularer Ordnung, die Möglichkeit zur großflächigen Orientierung und das Strukturmotiv aromatischer Einheiten machen Flüssigkristalle zu interessanten Materialien für organische Halbleiter, die in Lösungsmitteln verarbeitet und leicht auf Substraten abgeschieden werden können. Die Anisotropie der Flüssigkristalle kann weiterhin zu einer stimuliresponsiven makroskopischen Formänderung von Polymernetzwerken führen, die als reversibel kontrahierende künstliche Muskeln fungieren. Nach Vorstellung des Konzepts der flüssigkristallinen Ordnung beschäftigt sich dieser Aufsatz schwerpunktmäßig mit Strategien zur Synthese neuer Klassen von LC‐Materialien sowie dem Design und der Herstellung aktiver Bauelemente.
Kohlenstoffnanoröhren: ein Beispiel für eine Multiskalen‐Entwicklung – mechanistische Betrachtung vom Subnanometer‐ bis zum Metermaßstab
Authors: Mleczko Leslaw , Lolli Giulio 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDer vorliegende Kurzaufsatz soll das derzeitige Wissen über die katalytische Synthese mehrwandiger Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (MWCNTs) zusammenfassen. Es wird der aktuelle Kenntnisstand zum Reaktionsmechanismus dargestellt, wobei insbesondere die Entwicklung von Katalysatoren für den CCVD‐Prozess analysiert wird. Weiterhin werden die Kinetik und Reaktionstechnik der CNT‐Synthese diskutiert, und schließlich werden auch die Auswirkungen der Reaktion und des Reaktorbetriebs auf die Produkteigenschaften erörtert. Alle diese Fragen werden aus der Perspektive der industriellen Synthese und der Implikationen für den Einsatz von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren analysiert. Der technische Einsatz von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren ist ein perfektes Beispiel für eine Multiskalen‐Entwicklung und deckt Aufgaben vom Nanometer‐ bis zum Metermaßstab ab. Im Folgenden sollen Probleme, Methoden und Lösungen herausgestellt werden, die für unterschiedliche Maßstäbe charakteristisch sind. Als Referenz dient dabei der Co/Mn‐Katalysator, der in einer der ersten kommerziellen Techniken zur Produktion mehrwandiger Kohlenstoffnanoröhren eingesetzt wird.