bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion properties on the low‐velocity impact resistance of glass fiber reinforced nylon 6 composites
Authors: Yang Shun , Wei Ying , Yin Hongfeng , Li Dawei , Xue Feibiao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInterfacial adhesion properties are a key factor affecting the mechanical properties of composites. It is a very effective way to improve the low‐velocity impact resistance of composites by improving the interfacial adhesion properties. To improve the fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion properties of GF/PA6 (glass‐fiber/polyamide 6) composites, polyethyleneimine (PEI) and γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) were used to co‐modify GF together in this study. The GF/PA6 composites with different modifications of glass‐fiber (GF) were also prepared using a hot pressing process, and then their flexural strength, shear strength, pendulum impact strength, and low‐speed impact resistance were investigated. Next, the relationship between fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of GF/PA6 composites was investigated by combining x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x‐ray computed tomography test results. The results showed that the GF‐reinforced PA6 matrix composite with co‐modified GF by PEI and KH550 (PEI‐KH550‐GF/PA6) had the best mechanical properties, with flexural, shear, and pendulum impact strengths of 660.7 MPa, 53.1 MPa, and 261.6 kJ/m2, respectively. Furthermore, the low‐velocity impact resistance was measured in terms of stress peak, absorbed energy, residual stress, and damage extension, and the results showed that the low‐speed impact resistance of PEI‐KH550‐GF/PA6 composites was also substantially improved that the Fmax increased from 7402.1 to 10414.0 N.Highlights
Due to the poor surface activity of GF, in this experiment, GF was co‐modified with PEI and KH550 to achieve better fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion and successfully improve the mechanical properties of the composites;
Different modification methods are used to improve the interfacial adhesion of the fiber/matrix interface. The relationship between the interface and impact strength of composites has been studied;
The relationship between fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion and internal cracking in composites was investigated using X‐CT and SEM and other test results.
Tuning cellular structure in a previously developed microcellular acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/thermoplastic polyurethane blend foams
Authors: Khaleghi Sara , Azdast Taher , Hasanzadeh Rezgar , Park Chul B. , Rasouli Asghar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the cell structure control in 50% thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and 50% acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) blend foam using CO2 as a physical blowing agent, focusing on the effects of variable foaming parameters on the microstructure. Samples measuring 25 × 25 × 1 mm were produced and analyzed for foam structure. The foaming process involved saturating the samples with CO2 gas at pressures of 4, 5.5, and 7 MPa, followed by rapid pressure release and immersion in a hot glycerol bath. The foaming parameters included varied temperatures (80, 90, and 120°C) and times (5–80 s). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis provided data on cell size and density. Results indicated that increasing the saturation pressure enhanced CO2 uptake in the ABS/TPU blend, with the CO2 uptake rate peaking early in the process. Higher foaming temperatures and extended foaming times led to increased cell size, cell density, and expansion ratio. These findings highlight the significant role of process parameters in controlling the cell structure of ABS/TPU blend foams, offering valuable insights into optimizing foam properties for industrial applications.Highlights
Optimization of foam parameters leads to cell structure control in ABS/TPU composite foams for industrial applications.
Increasing saturation pressure significantly boosts CO2 uptake in ABS/TPU composite foams.
Increasing the foaming temperature and duration leads to larger cell sizes, higher cell density, and greater expansion ratios in ABS/TPU composite foams.
Investigation of the properties of chitosan–Pluronic based nanogel drug delivery systems utilizing various Pluronic types
Authors: Nguyen Van Toan , Nguyen Dinh Trung , Nguyen Dang Nam , Tran Ngọc Quyen , Do Huy‐Binh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research aimed to create self‐assembled nanogel particles using chitosan grafted with various types of Pluronic to encapsulate curcumin, a hydrophobic biological agent. The study explored the properties of CS–Pluronic nanogels using Pluronic types L61, P123, F127, and F68, each varying in hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) index. Findings indicated that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Pluronics and CS–Pluronic copolymers did not depend on the HLB values but were influenced by the structural characteristics of each Pluronic type. The efficiency of curcumin encapsulation within the nanogels correlated with the CMC values of the CS–Pluronic copolymers, where lower CMC values resulted in higher encapsulation efficiencies. The curcumin‐loaded nanogels were spherical, positively charged, and had an average diameter under 200 nm. Controlled, pH‐dependent release of curcumin was observed in vitro studies conducted at 37°C in PBS at pH levels of 7.4 and 5.0, with a faster release in acidic conditions. Biocompatibility testing indicated that nanogel biocompatibility was influenced by the HLB value of Pluronic, with lower HLB values associated with reduced biocompatibility. Cytotoxicity testing revealed that curcumin‐loaded nanogels had increased cytotoxicity on MCF‐7 cells compared to free curcumin. CS–P123 emerged as the most effective carrier, meeting biocompatibility and stability requirements during storage.Highlights
CS–Pluronic serves as an effective hydrophobic drug delivery system.
The capacity of CS–Pluronic to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs is determined by its CMC value rather than its HLB index.
CS–Pluronic is a copolymer known for its excellent biocompatibility.
CS–Pluronic increases the toxicity of curcumin in nanogels compared to free curcumin.
The microstructural evolution of material extrusion based additive manufacturing of polyetheretherketone under different printing conditions and application in a spinal implant
Authors: Irez Alaeddin Burak , Dogru Alperen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the advances in additive manufacturing, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a biocompatible polymer, can be used in biomedical applications such as spinal implants. This paper aims to investigate the evolution of the microstructure of PEEK parts manufactured by material extrusion (MEX)‐based additive manufacturing with different printing parameters. The effect of layer thickness (LT) and nozzle diameter on mechanical properties was investigated using tensile, Charpy impact, and short beam strength (SBS) tests. Two different LTs, 0.1 and 0.2 mm, and two different nozzle diameters, 0.6 and 0.8 mm, were used as printing parameters. By increasing the LT, tensile strength dropped by around 24%, and impact strength by almost 55%. Moreover, altering the LT resulted in a 15% decrease in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) from the SBS test. In addition, increasing the nozzle diameter also led to a significant reduction in all of the results as tensile strength, Charpy impact strength, and ILSS. The results were also consolidated by scanning electron microscopy. The main findings were that increasing LT leads to an increase in microstructural defects that act as stress concentrators. Following the tests, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine optimal printing parameters. In the end, using the optimum printing parameters from the RSM study, a structural analysis of a MEX‐printed spinal implant was conducted through finite element method, considering the loading cases mimicking daily human body motions.Highlights
As layer thickness increased, tensile and impact strength dropped.
Tensile and impact strength dropped truly with increasing nozzle diameter.
SEM revealed that increasing layer thickness causes more microstructural flaws.
FEM analysis showed that PEEK‐based implant provides structural integrity.
Hybrid Nanoarchitectronics of Tantalum Oxide‐Coated Gold Nanoparticles as Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance‐Based Sensors for Volatile Organic Compounds Detection
Authors: Changpradub Kiratikarn , Threrujirapapong Thotsaphon , Lertvanithphol Tossaporn , Amarit Ratthasart , Wongpanya Kruawan , Tantiwanichapan Khwanchai , Wutikhun Tuksadon , Klamchuen Annop , Nakajima Hideki , Horprathum Mati 
Published: August 2024

Herein, a localized surface plasmon resonance‐based sensor for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection is developed. The sensors are fabricated as a hybrid nanostructure of gold nanoparticles coated with a tantalum oxide (TaO) thin film on a glass slide substrate through magnetron sputtering and thermal solid‐state dewetting techniques. The thickness of the TaO film varies between 10 and 70 nm. The optical properties of samples are characterized by UV‐Vis‐NIR spectrophotometry, while their morphologies are confirmed via transmission electron microscopy. The results show the shift of the minimum optical transmittance related to the TaO thickness. Electrical field simulations are performed to predict the sensitivity of the prepared samples for VOCs detection. In addition, the sensors are tested with different VOCs, including formaldehyde, isopropanol, acetone, and methanol, which show good potential for practical applications.
Zinc in ammoniated phosphate fertilizers: Solid‐phase speciation, solubility, and use of barrier coatings to enhance zinc availability
Authors: da Silva Rodrigo C. , Degryse Fien , Baird Roslyn , Ajiboye Babasola , Stacey Samuel , Peacock Alan , Olson Ronald , McLaughlin Michael J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractZinc (Zn) is the micronutrient commonly found deficient in agricultural soils worldwide, limiting crop yield and reducing food quality. Zinc‐enriched fertilizers have been successfully used to tackle crop Zn deficiency. However, Zn solubility is reduced after addition to phosphate fertilizers due to the formation of sparingly soluble precipitates, decreasing Zn availability to crops. We hypothesized that the availability of Zn in the fertilizer to plants is related to its speciation in the fertilizer. We evaluated a range of ammonium phosphate fertilizers using X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure and assessed the water‐solubility of Zn in the formulations. Four Zn species were identified in these fertilizers, with zinc ammonium phosphate the most abundant one. The speciation of Zn in the fertilizer had little relationship with the water solubility of Zn in the final product. Zinc solubility was driven by fertilizer pH, with lower pH resulting in higher solubility. We concluded that added Zn reacts with the fertilizer matrix to form mainly zinc (ammonium) phosphates, and when the fertilizer is dissolved in water, hopeite controls the solubility. Based on these findings, we tested whether a barrier coating between the P granule and the Zn compound could prevent reaction between Zn and P and thus enhance Zn availability. Indeed, higher Zn uptake was observed in an isotopically labeled fertilizer growth trial when a barrier coating physically separated Zn and P in the fertilizer. In summary, Zn availability to crops can be maximized by decreasing fertilizer pH and separating P and Zn in the granule.
Biochar impacts on soil moisture retention and respiration in a coarse‐textured soil under dry conditions
Authors: Thao Touyee , Gonzales Melinda , Ryals Rebecca , Dahlquist‐Willard Ruth , Diaz Gerardo C. , Ghezzehei Teamrat A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe growing water scarcity jeopardizes crop production for global food security, a problem poised to worsen under climate change–induced drought. Amending soils with locally derived biochar from pyrolyzed agricultural residues may enhance soil moisture retention and resilience, in addition to climate change mitigation. However, prior studies on the hydrologic benefits of biochar focused on optimal moisture, not water‐limited conditions where biochar's large wettable surface area could aid plants and microbes. We hypothesized that biochars differing in feedstocks would positively augment soil moisture and respiration, with overall impacts most beneficial under drier conditions. Using water vapor sorption isotherms, we used film theory to estimate the specific surface area (SSA) of biochars. We then modeled and tested the moisture retention of a coarse‐textured soil amended with biochar. Additionally, a 109‐day lab incubation experiment was also conducted to examine biochar effects on respiration across a moisture range spanning optimal to wilting point. Among seven tested biochars, almond shell biochar significantly increased soil moisture and yield the second highest SSA. Despite drying treatments, the amended soil maintained higher respiration than the control, indicating enhanced biological activity. The results demonstrate biochars counter drying effects in coarse soils through physical and biological mechanisms linked to increased sorptive capacity. Our findings contribute to the development of sustainable water and waste management strategies tailored to the needs of California Central Valley, where the potential for biochar application is substantial. Above all, our research fills a crucial gap by providing context‐specific insights that can inform the effective utilization of locally produced biochars in the face of increasing water scarcity and excess biomass challenges.
Fused Imidazo[1,2‐d][1,2,4]Thiadiazolo[1,2,3]Triazoles: One‐Pot Synthesis, Anti‐Bacterial, Anti‐Biofilm and TLR4 Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Premalatha Karukuri , Azam Mohammad , Kapavarapu Ravikumar , Al‐Resayes Saud I. , Nasipireddy Venkatarathnam , Narsimha Sirassu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe developed and evaluated several new fused imidazo[1,2‐d][1,2,4]thiadiazolo[1,2,3]triazoles to see how they perform against bacteria and biofilms. Some compounds showed acceptable activity compared to the primary standard, Dicloxacillin. Some of the compounds demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus, with MIC values ranging from 1.56–12.5 μg/mL. We also found anti‐biofilm properties in the potent compounds. The results showed that derivatives 3‐(4‐fluorophenyl)imidazo[1,2‐d] [1,2,3] triazolo[1,5‐b][1,2,4]thiadiazole 8,8‐dioxide and 3‐(3,5‐difluorophenyl)imidazo[1,2‐d][1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐b][1,2,4] thiadiazole 8,8‐dioxide were strong antibacterial agents and effective MSSA and MRSA biofilm growth inhibitors. We conducted in silico studies to assess the molecular interactions of more potent compounds with TLR4 proteins (PDB: 3FXI, 3VQ1, 3RG1). Our findings revealed that 3‐(4‐chloro‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2‐d][1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐b] [1,2,4]thiadiazole 8,8‐dioxide, 3‐(3,5‐dichlorophenyl)imidazo[1,2‐d] [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐b][1,2,4] thiadiazole 8,8‐dioxide, and 3‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)imidazo[1,2‐d][1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐b][1,2,4] thiadiazole 8,8‐dioxide exhibited more binding interactions than dicloxacillin. ADME of more potent compounds examined in this study and compounds could potentially inhibit the cytochrome P450 CYP2C19 isoform.
Leaching of Neodymium From Hard Disk Drive Magnet Waste Using Citric Acid‐ Design of Experiments and Optimization
Authors: Ranjan Ray Aditya , Chandra Tripathy Bankim , Mishra Sujata 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNeodymium magnet waste recycling and precious metal recovery have drawn a lot of researchers’ attention because of their vital role in contemporary technology. In this work, the potential of citric acid for the leaching of neodymium from hard disk drive waste magnets has been examined using statistical approaches like full factorial design(FFD) and central composite design (CCD).The variables have been screened and conditions are optimized to obtain higher leaching. The polynomial quadratic Model proves effective to predict optimized conditions for neodymium leaching. Leachant concentration and temperature were screened as the most effective factors. Optimization conditions for the leaching process were achieved through central composite design, revealing that 2 mol/L citric acid and a temperature of 333 K provide the ideal conditions for the complete dissolution of neodymium. This extensive study contributes to sustainable materials management and resource conservation by illuminating the effective recovery of important metals from neodymium magnets.
Dipeptidic Proline‐Derived Thiourea Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Michael addition Reactions between Aldehydes and Nitroolefins
Authors: Yeo Hyoung Min , Kim Taek Hyeon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe enantiodivergent synthesis of syn‐Michael adducts can be easily achieved by switching the terminal proline in dipeptidic proline‐thiourea catalysts. In this study, a dipeptidic proline‐derived thiourea organocatalyst was rationally designed and facilely prepared from dipeptidic proline, a chiral diamine as a linker, and isothiocyanate. This asymmetric bifunctional catalyst for Michael addition between aldehydes and nitroolefins provided chiral 4‐nitro aldehyde adducts with yields of up to 99 %, 92 : 8 syn‐diastereoselectivity, and 97 % enantiomeric excess at room temperature.
Microwave‐Assisted Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Triazole‐linked 2‐Amino‐Pyrimidinone based Glycohybrids
Authors: Mishra Vinay Kumar , Khanna Ashish , Tiwari Ghanshyam , Yadav Yogesh , Sagar Ram 
Published: August 2024

Abstract2‐Amino pyrimidines are vital molecules that exhibit diverse biological activities and serve as structural motifs in various pharmaceutical drugs. Four new series of triazole‐linked glycohybrids of 2‐amino‐pyrimidinones were designed and efficiently synthesized, using a microwave‐assisted method under click chemistry reaction conditions. The N‐propargyl‐2‐aminopyrimidinone and O‐propargyl‐2‐aminopyrimidine derivatives successfully underwent the click reactions with 1‐azido‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucose, D‐galactose and D‐mannose. In this work, we reported the series of novel thirty‐three new triazole‐linked glycohybrid molecules with stereochemical diversity and diverse substitution patterns.
Applied Electric Field Effects on Diffusivity and Electrical Double‐Layer Thickness
Authors: Masuduzzaman Md , Bakli Chirodeep , Barisik Murat , Kim BoHung 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study utilizes molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and continuum frameworks to explore electroosmotic flow (EOF) in nanoconfined aqueous electrolytes, offering a promising alternative to conventional micro‐/nanofluidic systems. Although osmotic behavior in these environments is deeply linked to local fluid properties and interfacial dynamics between the fluid and electrolyte solutions, achieving a complete molecular‐level understanding has remained challenging. The findings establish a linear relationship between electric field strength and fluid velocity, uncovering two distinct transport regimes separated by a critical threshold, with a markedly intensified flow in the second regime. It is demonstrated that rising electric field strengths significantly enhance water diffusion coefficients, supported by a detailed analysis of fluid hydration structures, the potential of mean force (PMF), and local stress tensors. Due to the applied electric field strength, the motion of ions and water accelerates, leading to the redistribution of ions and intensification of electrostatic forces. This expands the thickness of the electric double layer (EDL) and amplifies fluid diffusivity, thereby enhancing nanoscale fluid activity. These insights enhance the molecular‐level understanding of EOF and define the stability of flow regimes, providing valuable guidelines for advancing nanofluidic technologies, such as drug delivery systems and lab‐on‐a‐chip devices.
Synthesis of Mo–Pt/CeO2 Dual Single‐Atom Nanozyme for Multifunctional Biochemical Detection Applications
Authors: Ge Litao , Chen Yujia , Geng Baokang , Chu Xiang , Jiang Ruize , Wang Xiao , Qin Xinxin , Li Wei , Song Shuyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElaborated structural modulation of Pt‐based artificial nanozymes can efficiently improve their catalytic activity and expand their applications in clinical diagnosis and biochemical sensing. Herein, a highly efficient dual‐site peroxidase mimic composed of highly dispersed Pt and Mo atoms is reported. The obtained Mo–Pt/CeO2 exhibits exceptional peroxidase‐like catalytic activity, with a Vmax as high as 34.16 × 10−8 m s−1, which is 37.5 times higher than that of the single‐site counterpart. Mechanism studies suggest that the Mo atoms can not only serve as adsorption and activation sites for the H2O2 substrate but also regulate the charge density of Pt centers to promote the generation ability of •OH. As a result, the synergistic effect between the dual active sites significantly improves the catalytic efficiency. Significantly, the application of the Mo–Pt/CeO2 catalyst's excellent peroxidase‐like activity is extended to various biochemical detection applications, including the trace detection of glucose and cysteine, as well as the assessment of antioxidants' antioxidant capacity. This work reveals the great potential of rational design dual‐site active centers for constructing high‐performance artificial nanozymes.
Ultralong Bistable, Electrolytic MnO2‐Based, Electrochromic Battery Enabled by Porous, Low‐Barrier, Hydroxylated TiO2 Interface
Authors: Wang Weixuan , Bai Zhiyuan , Wang Baojun , Yang Xiaorui , Liu Juan , Li Hao , Li Yaogang , Zhang Qinghong , Hou Chengyi , Li Kerui , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectrochromic (EC) battery technology shows great potential in future “zero‐energy building” by controlling outdoor solar transmission to tune heat gain as well as storing the consumed energy to reuse across other building systems. However, challenges still exist in exploring an electrochemical system to satisfy requirements on both ultra‐long optical memory (also called bistability) without continuous power supply and high energy density. Herein, an EC battery is proposed to demonstrate ultra‐long bistability (>760 h) based on the reversible deposition and dissolution of manganese oxide (MnO2) without the addition of any mediators. A porous low‐barrier hydroxylated titanium dioxide (TiO2) interface is incorporated to synergistically enrich Mn2+‐affinity active sites for deposition and effectively reduce the electron transport barrier of MnO2 for dissolution, thereby significantly improving the reversibility, high optical modulation (60.2% at 400 nm), and energy density (352 mAh m−2). The modification strategy is also verified on the cathode‐less button cells with a much higher average coulombic efficiency (99.9%) compared to the batteries without the porous hydroxylated TiO2 interface (74.6%). These achievements lay a foundation for advancements in both electrochromism and Zn‐Mn aqueous batteries.