bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a Photostable Near‐Infrared‐Absorbing Photosensitizer for Selective Photodamage to Cancer Cells
Authors: Hsieh Tung‐Sheng , Wu Jhen‐Yi , Chang Cheng‐Chung 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA new class of near‐infrared (NIR)‐absorptive (>900 nm) photosensitizer based on a phenothiazinium scaffold is reported. The stable solid compound, o‐DAP, the oxidative form of 3,7‐bis(4‐methylaminophenyl)‐10H‐phenothiazine, can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS, singlet oxygen and superoxide) under appropriate irradiation conditions. After biologically evaluating the intracellular uptake, localization, and phototoxicity of this compound, it was concluded that o‐DAP is photostable and a potential selective photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent under either NIR or white light irradiation because its photodamage is more efficient in cancer cells than in normal cells and is without significant dark toxicity. This is very rare for photosensitizers in PDT applications.
Silanol‐Based Surfactants: Synthetic Access and Properties of an Innovative Class of Environmentally Benign Detergents
Authors: Hurkes Natascha , Ehmann Heike M. A. , List Martina , Spirk Stefan , Bussiek Malte , Belaj Ferdinand , Pietschnig Rudolf 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHerein, environmentally friendly surfactants based on new silanols as substitutes for the isoelectronic phosphonates were explored. Surface tensions of aqueous solutions are significantly reduced, particularly with those silanols that feature a high ratio of organic moiety to silanol. Besides their use as surfactants, their potential as coating agents for hydrophilic oxide surfaces was investigated for the example of glass substrates. In the solid‐state sheet structures with silanol, double layers are present, in which the sheet spacing varies with the alkyl‐chain length.
Dynamic Simulation of Fixed‐Bed Methanation Reactors
Authors: Rönsch Stefan , Matthischke Steffi , Müller Markus , Eichler Philipp 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEine Möglichkeit für die bedarfsgerechte Nutzung von Biomasse ist deren thermochemische Vergasung. Das erzeugte Gas kann entsprechend den Marktgegebenheiten direkt zur Stromerzeugung genutzt oder Methanisierungsreaktoren zugeführt und anschließend im Erdgasnetz gespeichert werden. Eine Voraussetzung dafür sind lastflexible Methanisierungsreaktoren. Daher wird hier der lastflexible Betrieb der Methanisierung anhand eines dynamischen Simulationsmodells untersucht und bewertet. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass es bei Laststeigerungen ohne geeignete Gegenmaßnahmen zu einer Überhitzung der Katalysatoren kommen kann.
Pelleted Xylit‐Wood‐Mixtures: Part 1 – Drying and Hygroscopic Sorption Behaviour
Authors: Lehmann Bastian , Schröder Hans‐Werner , Wollenberg Ralf , Repke Jens‐Uwe 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDer bisher wenig genutzte Reststoff Braunkohlenxylit lässt sich mittels Feuchtpelletierverfahren zu Brennstoffpellets verarbeiten, wobei dem Trocknungsprozess der Rohpellets zentrale Bedeutung zukommt. Trocknungs‐ und Sorptionsversuche belegen eine aus agglomerationstechnischer Sicht vorteilhafte Schrumpfung der Agglomerate im Verlauf der Trocknung bzw. bei der Wasserentbindung. Weiterhin zeigen die Agglomerate eine Trocknung in zwei Abschnitten. Dabei wird die Trocknungsgeschwindigkeit in erster Linie von der Lufttemperatur beeinflusst. Die Pelletzusammensetzung ist nur von untergeordneter Bedeutung.
DNA–Osmium Complexes: Recent Developments in the Operative Chemical Analysis of DNA Epigenetic Modifications
Authors: Okamoto Akimitsu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe development of a reaction for the detection of one epigenetic modification in a long DNA strand is a chemically and biologically challenging research subject. Herein, we report and discuss the formation of 5‐methylcytosine–osmium complexes that are used as the basis for a bisulfite‐free chemical assay for DNA methylation analysis. Osmium in the oxidized state reacts with C5‐methylated pyrimidines in the presence of a bipyridine ligand to give a stable ternary complex. On the basis of this reaction, an adenine derivative with a tethered bipyridine moiety has been designed for sequence‐specific osmium complex formation. Osmium complexation is then achieved by hybridization of a short DNA molecule containing this functional nucleotide to a target DNA sequence and results in the formation of a cross‐linked structure. This novel concept of methylation‐specific reaction, based on a straightforward chemical process, expands the range of methods available for the analysis of epigenetic modifications. Advantages of the described method include amplification‐insensitive detection, 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine complexation, and visualization through methylation‐specific in situ hybridization.
4‐Benzothiazole‐7‐hydroxyindolinyl Diaryl Ureas Are Potent P2Y1 Antagonists with Favorable Pharmacokinetics: Low Clearance and Small Volume of Distribution
Authors: Qiao Jennifer X. , Wang Tammy C. , Hiebert Sheldon , Hu Carol H. , Schumacher William A. , Spronk Steven A. , Clark Charles G. , Han Ying , Hua Ji , Price Laura A. , Shen Hong , Chacko Silvi A. , Everlof Gerry , Bostwick Jeffrey S. , Steinbacher Thomas E. , Li Yi‐Xin , Huang Christine S. , Seiffert Dietmar A. , Rehfuss Robert , Wexler Ruth R. , Lam Patrick Y. S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCurrent antithrombotic discovery efforts target compounds that are highly efficacious in thrombus reduction with less bleeding liability than the standard of care. Preclinical data suggest that P2Y1 antagonists may have lower bleeding liabilities than P2Y12 antagonists while providing similar antithrombotic efficacy. This article describes our continuous SAR efforts in a series of 7‐hydroxyindolinyl diaryl ureas. When dosed orally, 4‐trifluoromethyl‐7‐hydroxy‐3,3‐dimethylindolinyl analogue 4 was highly efficacious in a model of arterial thrombosis in rats with limited bleeding. The chemically labile CF3 group in 4 was then transformed to various groups via a novel one‐step synthesis, yielding a series of potent P2Y1 antagonists. Among them, the 4‐benzothiazole‐substituted indolines had desirable PK properties in rats, specifically, low clearance and small volume of distribution. In addition, compound 40 had high i.v. exposure and modest bioavailability, giving it the best overall profile.
Aptamer‐Based Universal Fluorometric Sensors Based on Allosteric Modulation of RNA–Peptide Interactions
Authors: Endoh Tamaki , Sugimoto Naoki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAptamers are single‐stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that serve as molecular recognition units. Aptamers targeting a range of biologically relevant molecules have been developed using selection methods and functional aptamer domains, called riboswitches, are found in natural genomic sequences. Aptamers can be used as starting points for the design of biosensors for diagnostic applications. In this study, we demonstrate a simple strategy to detect binding of an apamer to its target molecule via a fluorometric signal resulting from allosteric suppression of an RNA–peptide interaction. The broad applicability was demonstrated by detection of seven different target molecules—one drug, two antibiotics, and four natural metabolites. This strategy will enable the construction of universal biosensors for various target molecules.
Disparities in perceived unmet need for supportive services among patients with lung cancer in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium
Authors: John Dolly A. , Kawachi Ichiro , Lathan Christopher S. , Ayanian John Z. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDThe authors investigated the prevalence, determinants of, and disparities in any perceived unmet need for 8 supportive services (home nurse, support group, psychological services, social worker, physical/occupational rehabilitation, pain management, spiritual counseling, and smoking cessation) by race/ethnicity and nativity and how it is associated with perceived quality of care among US patients with lung cancer.METHODSData from a multiregional, multihealth system representative cohort of 4334 newly diagnosed patients were analyzed. Binomial logistic regression models adjusted for patient clustering.RESULTSPatients with any perceived unmet need (9% overall) included 7% of white–US‐born (USB), 9% of white–foreign‐born (FB), 13% of black‐USB, 8% of Latino‐USB, 24% of Latino‐FB, 4% of Asian/Pacific Islander (API)‐USB, 14% of API‐FB, and 11% of “other” patients (P < .001). Even after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors, health system and health care access, and need, black‐USB, Latino‐FB, and Asian‐FB patients were more likely to perceive an unmet need than white‐USB patients by 5.1, 10.9, and 5.6 percentage points, respectively (all P<.05). Being younger, female, never married, uninsured, a current smoker, or under surrogate care or having comorbidity, anxiety/depression, or a cost/insurance barrier to getting tests/treatments were associated with any unmet need. Patients with any unmet need were more likely to rate care as less‐than‐“excellent” by 13 percentage points than patients with no unmet need (P<.001).CONCLUSIONSSignificant disparities in unmet supportive service need by race/ethnicity and nativity highlight immigrants with lung cancer as being particularly underserved. Eliminating disparities in access to needed supportive services is essential for delivering patient‐centered, equitable cancer care. Cancer 2014;120:3178–3191. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Exercise‐induced lung cancer regression: Mechanistic findings from a mouse model
Authors: Higgins Kristin A. , Park Dongkyoo , Lee Gee Young , Curran Walter J. , Deng Xingming 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDIt has been demonstrated that regular exercise improves the quality of life in patients undergoing treatment for lung cancer and has been associated with reductions in cancer‐specific mortality in patients with colon and breast cancer. The direct effects of cardiovascular exercise on lung cancer tumor biology, however, remain unknown. The authors evaluated the effects of cardiovascular exercise in a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma.METHODSLuciferase‐tagged A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells were injected through the tail vein of nude male mice. Then, the mice underwent weekly bioluminescent imaging until lung tumors were clearly identified. After lung tumors were identified, the mice were randomized to daily wheel running versus no wheel running, and they were imaged weekly. After 4 weeks, all mice were killed, and the lung tumors were harvested. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted on tumor tissues to identify potential differences in protein expression levels in exercising mice versus sedentary mice.RESULTSLung tumors in exercising mice grew significantly more slowly relative to sedentary mice. There was no change in the development of metastatic lesions between the 2 groups. Protein analysis by Western blot or immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated increased p53 protein levels in exercising mice relative to sedentary mice as well as increased mediators of apoptosis, including Bax and active caspase 3, in tumor tissues. In both groups of mice, no normal tissue toxicity was observed in other organs.CONCLUSIONSDaily cardiovascular exercise appears to mitigate the growth of lung adenocarcinoma tumors, possibly by activation of the p53 tumor suppressor function and increased apoptosis. Cancer 2014;120:3302–3310. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Hierarchical Graphene‐Rich Carbon Materials with Trace Nonprecious Metals for High‐Performance Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Yining , Zhou Wei , Nie Hongjiao , Wu Baoshan , Zhang Huamin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSluggish kinetic characteristics of the electrode reactions and low electrode space utilization for solid Li2O2 deposition are limiting factors for Li–O2 batteries. In this work, iron‐/cobalt‐doped micron‐sized honeycomb‐like carbon (Fe‐MHC, Co‐MHC) with a hierarchical pore structure is prepared by using nano‐CaCO3 as a template. The effect of the transition‐metal nanoparticles as a second template on further pore construction and optimization is presented. As graphitization catalysts, the added transition metals also affect the formation of the graphene‐rich structure in the carbon framework. As a result, the obtained hierarchical carbon materials doped with trace metals exhibit higher electrochemical catalytic activity and stability than non‐doped samples. In particular, an enhanced discharge capacity as high as 9260 mAh g−1 is achieved for the Fe‐MHC cathode, which is attributed to its enlarged pore volume and high utilization of the electrode space.
Ultraviolet‐Induced Fluorescence of Polydopamine‐Coated Emulsion Droplets
Authors: Quignard Sandrine , d'Ischia Marco , Chen Yong , Fattaccioli Jacques 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPolydopamine (PDA), a multifunctional biomaterial with strong adhesion and coating properties, exhibits melanin‐like optoelectronic properties but is virtually devoid of intrinsic fluorescence. Herein we disclose the first PDA‐based system that can develop fluorescence without chemical manipulation. The polymerization of dopamine in the presence of oil microdroplets results in the formation of smooth PDA‐coated core–shell droplets, which develop a bright and persistent fluorescence upon UVA illumination. The fluorescence induction depends on the excitation wavelength, the nature of the oil, and oxidation and buffer conditions, suggesting photo‐oxidation of PDA components within the oil matrix, which shields the developing fluorophores from water quenching. Peroxyl radical scavengers enhance the fluorescence, whereas hydrogen peroxide induces quenching. The new system holds potential interest for imaging and tocopherol sensing applications.
Vertical Distribution of Overpotentials and Irreversible Charge Losses in Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Klink Stefan , Schuhmann Wolfgang , La Mantia Fabio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPorous lithium ion battery electrodes are characterized using a vertical distribution of cross‐currents. In an appropriate simplification, this distribution can be described by a transmission line model (TLM) consisting of infinitely thin electrode layers. To investigate the vertical distribution of currents, overpotentials, and irreversible charge losses in a porous graphite electrode in situ, a multi‐layered working electrode (MWE) was developed as the experimental analogue of a TLM. In this MWE, each layer is in ionic contact but electrically insulated from the other layers by a porous separator. It was found that the negative graphite electrodes get lithiated and delithiated stage‐by‐stage and layer‐by‐layer. Several mass‐transport‐ as well as non‐mass‐transport‐limited processes could be identified. Local current densities can reach double the average, especially on the outermost layer at the beginning of each intercalation stage. Furthermore, graphite particles close to the counter electrode act as “electrochemical sieve” reducing the impurities present in the electrolyte such as water.
Early experiences: Building up the tools to face the challenges of adult life
Authors: Branchi Igor , Cirulli Francesca 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA supportive early environment can strengthen the developing individual and build the foundation for a lifelong health. By contrast, severe stress can alter brain architecture and lead to increased susceptibility for psychopathology. There is a growing emphasis on setting up models that recapitulate the complexity of the perinatal environment, particularly the social experiences, on developmental trajectories. Special attention is paid, on the one hand, to the role of the mother in programming the behavioral, neuroendocrine and metabolic development of the offspring and, on the other, to the relevance of the social interactions with mother and peers in building up the adult individual. Overall, these studies confirm the strong and complex influence of the early ecological niche on adult brain function and behavior and illustrate how a comparative approach provides an important contribution to unravel the mechanisms underlying increased risk for mental illness in a translational perspective. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1661–1674, 2014.
The dammed Missouri: prospects for recovering Lewis and Clark's River
Authors: Johnson W. Carter , Volke Malia A. , Scott Michael L. , Dixon Mark D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe world's dams and reservoirs are aging. The ecological effects of a half‐century or more of flow regulation and sediment alteration are becoming apparent. What remains of the highly dynamic channel and riparian ecosystem of the Missouri River described by Lewis and Clark has become static. Recent long‐term studies have determined that some of the impacts on the Missouri River ecosystem turned out as predicted, such as the failure of cottonwood‐dominated riparian forests to successfully establish and survive on a broad scale. Other changes were surprises, such as the effect of disease eliminating a formerly dominant tree species and the appearance of mainstem and tributary deltas affecting channel slope, floodplain hydrology, and vegetation. Restoration of the river's hydrologic and sediment regime has been delayed long enough that the chances of functional ecosystem restoration have been greatly reduced and complicated. Two phases are now needed to attempt to restore the riparian ecosystem: one to repair the effects of post‐dam changes (channel incision, bank stabilization) and another to reestablish pre‐dam flow and sediment regimes. The prospects for restoration of this valuable ecosystem, rich in history and in goods and services provided to the public, are dim. Time has diminished the chances that restoration or even rehabilitation can be achieved. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Buildup of Eight‐Vertex Tetrametallaborane Clusters: Bisdisphenoidal versus Tetracapped Tetrahedral Structures
Authors: Lupan Alexandru , King R. Bruce 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe experimental structures of Cp4M4B4H4 (M = Co, Ni) are both bisdisphenoids. However, in the cobalt compound, the metal atoms are located at the four degree 5 vertices, whereas in the nickel compound the metal atoms are located at the four degree 4 vertices. Density functional theory has shown these structures to be the lowest‐energy structures by the substantial margins of around 23 and 15 kcal/mol for M = Co and Ni, respectively. The unknown analogous tetraferraborane Cp4Fe4B4H4 was predicted to have a different type of structure, namely a tetracapped tetrahedron, with the iron atoms at the four degree 6 vertices, similarly to the experimental structure of the valence isoelectronic Cp4Fe4(μ3‐CO)4. The experimentally unknown Cp4M4B2H2 and Cp4M4 systems have also been optimized. Addition of BH units to either Cp4M4B2H2 or Cp4M4 to give the corresponding Cp4M4B4H4 derivatives has been predicted to be extremely exothermic.
Ingroup and outgroup support for upward mobility: Divergent responses to ingroup identification in low status groups
Authors: Van Laar Colette , Bleeker Dennis , Ellemers Naomi , Meijer Eline 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMembers of groups with low societal status can pursue individual upward mobility to improve their status. We examine the conditions under which ingroup and outgroup members are most inclined to support such upward mobility attempts. Whereas both ingroup and outgroup supports are important, there may be tension: dissociation from the low status group may lower ingroup support, whereas association with the low status group may lower outgroup support. Ingroup association can be expressed by communicating one's affective involvement or by behaving in line with typical ingroup practices. As predicted, studies 1 and 2 show that support from the low status ingroup depends more on affective involvement than on behavioral identity expression (BIE). In contrast, studies 3–5 show that support from the high status group is more driven by the upwardly mobile individual's BIE. Mediational analyses show that these opposite patterns are driven by differential processes, prompted by the group's respective positions in the social hierarchy. The findings provide insight into how members of low status groups negotiate the competing demands of the high and low status groups as they pursue upward mobility. Moreover, they show how affective involvement and BIE differentially affect ingroup support and outgroup opposition. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Investigation of Interoceptive Sensitivity in Eating Disorders Using a Heartbeat Detection Task and a Self‐report Measure
Authors: Eshkevari Ertimiss , Rieger Elizabeth , Musiat Peter , Treasure Janet 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundInteroception has been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of eating disorders (EDs).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine a heart beat detection task (HBDT) as an objective index of interoceptive sensitivity in individuals with an ED.MethodThe self‐report interoceptive deficits subscale of the Eating Disorders Inventory 3 was also used.ResultsThe results of the HBDT demonstrated no significant difference between individuals with an ED and healthy controls. However, performance on this task also did not appear to be different from that expected by chance. Thus, these results cast doubt on the utility of the present HBDT for measuring interoceptive sensitivity.ConclusionOverall, the findings indicate that further research is needed to develop valid, objective measures of interoceptive sensitivity to be used in EDs, so as to overcome the reliance on the Eating Disorders Inventory 3 self‐report subscale and to determine how such measures relate to ED and general psychopathology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Mixture productivity of cassava‐based cropping system and food security under humid tropical conditions
Authors: Adekunle Yewande A. , Olowe Victor I. , Olasantan Faucett O. , Okeleye Kehinde A. , Adetiloye Phillip O. , Odedina Joy N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe two field trials evaluated the performance of sesame (var. PBTil) and sunflower (var. Isaanka) intercropped with cassava (var. TMS 30572 and TME 1) in a cassava‐based cropping system with a view to studying the phenology of the component crops and establishing mixture productivity in terms of biological efficiency (land equivalent ratio [LER] and area time equivalency ratio [ATER]), intercrop compatibility land equivalent coefficient (LEC) and economic efficiency (monetary advantage index [MAI] and cassava yield equivalent [CYE]) of the systems under humid tropical conditions during the early and late cropping seasons of 2003/2004. Intercropping highly significantly (P < 0.01) delayed number of days to flowering, physiological maturity and height at both stages, seed yield and yield attributes of sesame and sunflower relative to their monocrops. Similarly, intercropping highly significantly (P < 0.01) reduced number of leaves and plant height at 2, 3, 4 and 12 months after planting (MAP), number and weight of tubers per plant, mean tuber weight and tuber yield of cassava relative to their monocrops. The six intercropping systems recorded significantly (P < 0.05) higher biological efficiency (LER > 1.00 in both plantings and ATER > 1.00 in the late planting) than their respective monocrops and relatively high intercrop compatibility (LEC > 0.037 and 0.25). Based on MAI and CYE, TME 1/Ses/Sun, TMS 30572/Ses/Sun and TMS 30572/Sun were the three most economically efficient cropping systems, especially in the late and more preferred planting season and are hereby recommended to prospective growers for cultivation, economic empowerment, and reduction of household food insecurity.