bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Xiao Cissy , Tamura Manjula Kurella , Pan Yang , Rao Varun , Missikpode Celestin , Vlasschaert Caitlyn , Nakao Tetsushi , Sun Xiao , Li Changwei , Huang Zhijie , Anderson Amanda , Uddin Md Mesbah , Kim Do‐Kyun , Taliercio Jonathan , Deo Rajat , Bhat Zeenat , Xie Dawei , Rao Panduranga , Chen Jing , Lash James P. , He Jiang , Natarajan Pradeep , Hixson James E. , Yaffe Kristine , Kelly Tanika N. ,   CRIC Study Investigators
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONClonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and dementia disproportionately burden patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The association between CHIP and cognitive impairment in CKD patients is unknown.METHODSWe conducted time‐to‐event analyses in up to 1452 older adults with CKD from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort who underwent CHIP gene sequencing. Cognition was assessed using four validated tests in up to 6 years mean follow‐up time. Incident cognitive impairment was defined as a test score one standard deviation below the baseline mean.RESULTSCompared to non‐carriers, CHIP carriers were markedly less likely to experience impairment in attention (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval {CI}] = 0.44 [0.26, 0.76], p = 0.003) and executive function (adjusted HR [95% CI] = 0.60 [0.37, 0.97], p = 0.04). There were no significant associations between CHIP and impairment in global cognition or verbal memory.DISCUSSIONCHIP was associated with lower risks of impairment in attention and executive function among CKD patients.Highlights
Our study is the first to examine the role of CHIP in cognitive decline in CKD.
CHIP markedly decreased the risk of impairment in attention and executive function.
CHIP was not associated with impairment in global cognition or verbal memory.
Optimisation of the Danish national haemoglobinopathy screening programme – A prospective intervention study
Authors: Gravholt Esther Agnethe Ejskjær , Jørgensen Finn Stener , Holm Charlotte , Petersen Jesper , Nardo‐Marino Amina , Mottelson Mathis , Glenthøj Andreas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe Danish national haemoglobinopathy screening programme offers screening to at‐risk pregnant women. Despite efforts to increase awareness of the screening programme, most women in the target population remain unscreened. In contrast, > 90% of pregnant women in Denmark attend a screening for chromosomal abnormalities by combined first‐trimester screening (cFTS).MethodsThis study aimed to improve adherence to the Danish national haemoglobinopathy screening programme by offering screening to at‐risk unscreened pregnant women in relation to their cFTS.ResultsDuring a 27‐week intervention period, 3254 women attended cFTS at Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager Hvidovre Hospital. Of these, 938 women (28.8%) were identified as at risk of carrying haemoglobinopathy variants based on their ethnic origins. Of the 938 women at risk, 539 (57.5%) were unscreened prior to their cFTS and were targeted for the intervention. These women were contacted with an offer of haemoglobinopathy screening. Subsequently, 253/539 (46.9%) of the at‐risk unscreened women were tested for haemoglobinopathies, of these 4/253 (1.6%) carried haemoglobinopathy variants necessitating partner screening. No partners carried haemoglobinopathy variants necessitating testing of the fetus.ConclusionThe study increased the proportion of at‐risk pregnant women tested for haemoglobinopathies from 42.5% to 69.5% and made haemoglobinopathy screening more readily available to women attending cFTS.
Dynamically Reconfigurable Micro‐Patterned Hydrogels Based on Magnetic Pickering Emulsion Droplets
Authors: Escribano‐Huesca Alfredo , Gila‐Vilchez Cristina , Amaro‐da‐Cruz Alba , Leon‐Cecilla Alberto , Palomo Mikel G. , Ortiz‐Ruiz Sergio , Ruiz Francisco G. , Moya‐Ramirez Ignacio , Lopez‐Lopez Modesto T. , Rodriguez‐Arco Laura 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReconfigurability within hydrogels has emerged as an attractive functionality that can be used in information encryption, cargo/delivery, environmental remediation, soft robotics, and medicine. Here micro‐patterned polymer hydrogels capable of temperature‐dependent reconfigurability are fabricated. For this, the hydrogels are provided with micron‐sized Pickering emulsion droplets stabilized by magnetic particles, which are capable of harnessing energy from external force fields. The droplets can both migrate under magnetic field gradients and heat the environment when laser irradiated. These functions not only affect a single compartment but have higher‐order effects on the mesoscale, thanks to the temperature‐responsiveness of the polymeric network. This double responsiveness is exploited to control the spatial organization of hundreds of droplets within the hydrogel matrix and form predesigned and sophisticated patterns. Furthermore, pattern self‐reconfiguration driven by the droplets themselves upon laser irradiation is induced. Finally, we show that due to their internal liquid phase, the droplets can be used as reservoirs of hydrophobic nutrients for living cells (i.e., Yarrowia lipolytica yeast) in the solid‐like environment of the polymeric network, and demonstrate communication between the droplets and the cells to facilitate nutrient uptake. Altogether, the results provide opportunities for the development of stimuli‐sensitive polymer hydrogels with post‐synthesis reprogrammable response using micro‐compartments as building blocks.
Single simple question in axonal polyneuropathy
Authors: Bhandari Vinaya , Abraham Alon , Lovblom Leif E. , Bril Vera 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe single simple question (SSQ), “What percentage of normal (0%–100%) do you feel regarding your disease?” has proven feasible and valid in assessing myasthenia gravis and a heterogeneous spectrum of neuropathies. This study explores the utility of the SSQ in axonal polyneuropathies (PNPs), encompassing diabetic neuropathy, and evaluates its responsiveness to scale changes.MethodsA retrospective chart review of 150 patients with axonal PNP responding to the SSQ was performed. Patients underwent clinical and electrophysiological evaluations, and were evaluated by clinical and disability scales, including the Medical Research Council sum score, modified Toronto Clinical Neuropathy score (mTCNS), Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale, and Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale (RODS).ResultsThe SSQ total scores correlated moderately with both the RODS score (r = .59, p < .001) and the mTCNS symptom score (r = −.43, p < .001), maintaining significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Longitudinally, after adjusting for multiple comparisons, the change in mTCNS symptom score retained statistical significance (adjusted p = .048). The SSQ did not show any association with electrophysiological parameters or sensory symptoms, other than a lower score in those with pain (100% with SSQ <40%, 85% with SSQ 40%–70%, and 34% with SSQ >70%).DiscussionThe SSQ is a feasible, valid scale that may be utilized to assess and follow patients with length‐dependent axonal PNPs. Given that the SSQ is not strongly associated with clinical and disability scales or electrophysiological findings, additional investigations are required for a comprehensive assessment of PNP.
Recursive Focus Prosody
Authors: Ishihara Shinichiro , van de Weijer Joost 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents the results of a production experiment testing the recursivity of prosodic realization of focus in Tokyo Japanese. Tokyo Japanese wh-questions obligatorily exhibit focus prosody, which starts from a wh-phrase (WH) and continues until the question particle (Q) that binds the wh-phrase (Deguchi & Kitagawa, 2002; Ishihara, 2002, 2003). The current study examines the case where one WH–Q dependency is embedded inside the scope of another WH–Q dependency (namely, a matrix wh-question containing an indirect wh-question, e.g., Who remembers what John drank?). The results confirmed a claim that focus prosody can be realized recursively, while they also showed inter-speaker variation as to the availability of such recursive focus prosody. The chapter discusses the results’ implications for the theoretical analysis of recursivity of prosodic structure as well as recursivity of information structure.
Healing chronic idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia using mepolizumab alone without corticosteroids
Authors: Moritz Katharina , Amelunxen Carolina , Bergmann Michael , Vafai-Tabrizi Florian , Funk Georg-Christian 
Published: August 2024

SummaryWhile glucocorticoids remain the standard first-line treatment for chronic idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia (CIEP), the long-term use is marred by significant side effects. This case study explores the effectiveness of mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin‑5 (IL-5) monoclonal antibody, as a novel corticosteroid-free alternative in treating CIEP. A 50-year-old woman presented with a 3-week history of progressive shortness of breath, dry cough and night sweats. The blood tests showed eosinophilia, and chest radiography identified lung consolidations. The CIEP was confirmed, ruling out other conditions through a detailed clinical and bronchoscopic work-up. The patient declined to be treated with systemic glucocorticoids. Treatment with mepolizumab was remarkable for effectively resolving symptoms and improving radiological findings without any prior or concurrent glucocorticoid therapy. Notably, the patient remained relapse-free over a 2-year follow-up, underscoring mepolizumab’s efficacy as a corticosteroid-free treatment for CIEP. This case study calls for further research into anti-IL‑5 treatment of rare respiratory conditions.
A time-stepping DRBEM for nonlinear fractional sub-diffusion bio-heat ultrasonic wave propagation problems during electromagnetic radiation
Authors: Fahmy Mohamed Abdelsabour 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe main aim of this study is to develop a new DRBEM methodology for solving nonlinear fractional sub-diffusion bio-heat ultrasonic wave propagation problems during electromagnetic radiation. To remove domain integrals from the boundary integral equation, the DRBEM is employed. The Riemann–Liouville interpretation also discusses the time-fractional derivatives of concerns. The nonlinear, inhomogeneous, and temporal derivative terms were interpolated using the linear radial basis functions (RBFs). To attain high accuracy when solving nonlinear equations, we developed an implicit time-stepping scheme that dealt with the nonlinear term in each time step. DRBEM does not require mesh construction, making it appropriate for dealing with problems in complicated environments. Numerical results from the literature are used to demonstrate the correctness and utility of the proposed technique. The DRBEM technique and the FDM solution yield similar results. Our numerical findings further indicate the practicality of the proposed methodology.
Typology of smallholder maize farmers in South-Kivu, Eastern D.R. Congo: implications in improving farming practices and markets
Authors: Ndeko Adrien Byamungu , Chuma Géant Basimine , Cokola Marcellin Cuma , Mondo Jean Mubalama , Mugumaarhahama Yannick , Basengere Espoir Bisimwa , Civava René , Mushagalusa Gustave Nachigera 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the typology of smallholder maize farmers is crucial to elucidate the diversity in local farming systems, and therefore, devise effective interventions and policies that maximize the impact of agricultural innovations in South-Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study aimed at characterizing maize farmers in South-Kivu province and clustering them based on various socioeconomic and agronomic factors to identify specific production constraints and devise more effective interventions. A household survey among 300 South-Kivu maize farmers allowed to identify four distinct clusters based on farm size, land use, income, and agricultural technology adoption. The clusters ranged from resource-poor smallholder (Types 1 and 2) to medium-resource semi-innovative producers (Type 3) and highly equipped innovative farmers (Type 4). Key discriminative factors included total farm size, maize farm size, farming experience, access to agricultural credit, income, and innovation adoption rate. This study revealed specific constraints for each cluster, including low soil fertility, poor weed management, low market access, and labor scarcity. This study’s findings demonstrate the value of farm typology in guiding targeted interventions to address specific constraints and improve maize productivity, and suggest specific strategic directions for research and development projects in rural areas of the South-Kivu province.
GLocal: A global development dataset of subnational administrative areas
Authors: Morales-Arilla Jose , Gadgin Matha Shreyas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe purpose of the GLocal dataset is to enable research in international development that requires both global scope and local precision. Leveraging modern geospatial analysis tools, we process a diverse array of sources to provide researchers with a growing set of economic, demographic, ecological and socio-political variables for geographic units relevant to public policy. We provide separate data files for different levels of administrative and periodic aggregation, along with ad-hoc files with more detailed information on specific topics. In this data descriptor paper, we discuss both our data processing methodologies and validation pipelines, and provide a short case study to illustrate the research potential of the dataset. We also introduce a simple web app, glocal.streamlit.app, which offers a user-friendly interface for exploring and visualizing the dataset. Given the growing number of public and granular sources of relevance for international development research, we hope to continue adding features and expand the GLocal dataset in the future.
The effects of facial appearance on measures of generalized trust
Authors: Robbins Blaine G. , Grigoryeva Maria S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch suggests various associations between generalized trust and a wide range of economic, political, and social dimensions. Despite its importance, there is considerable debate about how best to measure generalized trust. One recent solution operationalizes generalized trust as the average of trust ratings across a small set of trust domains and human faces. Here, we investigate whether heterogeneity in facial appearance affects the psychometric properties of these new instruments. In a survey experiment conducted with a sample of U.S. adults (n = 5001), we randomly assigned respondents to one of five conditions that varied the features of human and AI-synthesized faces. Irrespective of the condition, respondents rated each face along four trust domains. We find that facial heterogeneity has negligible effects on the measurement validity and measurement equivalence of these new instruments. Small differences are observed on a subset of faces for some psychometric tests. These findings contribute to a growing body of work using faces to measure generalized trust, and demonstrate the utility of using AI-synthesized faces in social science research more broadly.
Fundamental frequency as an acoustic mirror of interpreters’ cognitive states
Authors: Shao Zhangminzi , Defrancq Bart 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The present study proposes the acoustic parameter of fundamental frequency (F0) as an alternative method for gauging interpreters’ cognitive load and fatigue during simultaneous interpreting (SI). The data collected from an English-Chinese SI experiment reported in Shao and Chai (2021) were re-analysed for the purposes of this study. Cognitive load was measured as the number of undelivered information chunks within the ear-voice span (EVS), whereas fatigue was assumed to increase with time. F0 variables were correlated with cognitive load within the EVS of selected sentences and with fatigue in one-minute segments distributed over the entire interpreting performance. The results show that cognitive constructs are associated in various ways with F0-related variables. Higher F0 peaks and a wider F0 range appear to be associated with higher cognitive load in a majority of interpreters. A higher mean F0 and, to a lesser extent, higher F0 peaks are associated with fatigue. The findings suggest that F0 could be used as a promising indicator of cognitive load and fatigue in SI.
AFRIMETS supplementary comparison on calibration of setting rods
Authors: ElMelegy Ahmed , Obayi Bede , Bore Calvin , James Joseph , Charles Angela , Mutale Daniel , Gandah Burnhard , Kame Modiriemang , Ntima Pamidzani , Pryam Tomeswar , Pallut Ramasawmy 
Published: August 2024

Main text
National Metrology Institutes from 8 African countries, namely Egypt, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Mauritius have participated in an international supplementary comparison on the calibration of setting rods.
This comparison was a part of larger supplementary comparison between 13 African countries for the calibration of hand measuring instruments. This larger comparison which was carried out during the period between December 2019 - December 2022 has been piloted by NIS, Egypt and has been registered in BIPM-KCDB database on December 2019. The artifacts have been prepared by NIS, Egypt and measured before sent to circulate between all participant countries in round-robin scheme and returned back again for NIS, Egypt where a final measurement was made for stability check.
The main purpose of these comparisons is to support submission of CMCs for calibration of hand length measuring instruments in BIPM-KCDB.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
AFRIMETS supplementary comparison on pin gauges
Authors: ElMelegy Ahmed , Obayi Bede , Mutale Daniel , Gandah Burnhard , Kame Modiriemang , Ntima Pamidzani , Pryam Tomeswar , Pallut Ramasawmy 
Published: August 2024

Main text
National Metrology Institutes from 6 African countries, namely Egypt, Nigeria, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Mauritius have participated in an international supplementary comparison on the calibration of pin gauges.
This comparison was a part of larger supplementary comparison between 13 African countries for the calibration of hand measuring instruments. This larger comparison which was carried out during the period between December 2019 - December 2022 has been piloted by NIS, Egypt and has been registered in BIPM-KCDB database on December 2019. The artifacts have been prepared by NIS, Egypt and measured before sent to circulate between all participant countries in round-robin scheme and returned back again for NIS, Egypt where a final measurement is made for stability check.
The main purpose of these comparisons is to support submission of CMCs for calibration of hand length measuring instruments in BIPM-KCDB.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Fluctuation-induced first order transition to collective motion
Authors: Martin David , Spera Gianmarco , Chaté Hugues , Duclut Charlie , Nardini Cesare , Tailleur Julien , van Wijland Frédéric 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The nature of the transition to collective motion in assemblies of aligning self-propelled particles remains a long-standing matter of debate. In this article, we focus on dry active matter and show that weak fluctuations suffice to generically turn second-order mean-field transitions into a ‘discontinuous’ coexistence scenario. Our theory shows how fluctuations induce a density-dependence of the polar-field mass, even when this effect is absent at mean-field level. In turn, this dependency on density triggers a feedback loop between ordering and advection that ultimately leads to an inhomogeneous transition to collective motion and the emergence of inhomogeneous travelling bands. Importantly, we show that such a fluctuation-induced first order transition is present in both metric models, in which particles align with neighbors within a finite distance, and in ‘topological’ ones, in which alignment is based on more complex constructions of neighbor sets. We compute analytically the noise-induced renormalization of the polar-field mass using stochastic calculus, which we further back up by a one-loop field-theoretical analysis. Finally, we confirm our analytical predictions by numerical simulations of fluctuating hydrodynamics as well as of topological particle models with either k-nearest neighbors or Voronoi alignment.
Logical Mapping-based hierarchical safe reinforcement learning for autonomous driving
Authors: Nie Jihui , Li Yingda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Making decisions in complex and multiple scenarios presents great challenges for autonomous driving systems (ADS). In recent years, deep reinforcement learning algorithms (DRL) have made remarkable breakthroughs in decision-making. However, there remain many problems, such as sparse reward and slow convergence in traditional DRL when facing multiple sub-goals. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) based on the BDIK model for autonomous driving, which enables ADS to have the ability to make decisions in human-like deliberation ways as well as deal with uncertainties in the environment. First, we propose the BDIK model based on the Beliefs-Desires-Intentions (BDI) model so that the agents are guided by domain knowledge when generating their sub-goals. Furthermore, in contrast to traditional BDI systems making plans by hand, a BDIK hierarchical DDPG (BDIK HDDPG) algorithm is employed to deduce the optimal actions automatically in an uncertain environment. The results show that our method outperforms the standard DDPG for both processing speed and effectiveness in multiple and complex scenarios.
Fractional order Lipschitz recurrent neural network with attention for long time series prediction
Authors: Zhu Zelong , Zhao Chunna , Huang Yaqun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Time series data prediction holds a significant importance in various applications. In this study, we specifically concentrate on long-time series data prediction. Recurrent Neural Networks are widely recognized as a fundamental neural network architecture for processing effectively time-series data. Recurrent Neural Network models encounter the gradient disappearance or gradient explosion challenge in long series data. To resolve the gradient problem and improve accuracy, the Fractional Order Lipschitz Recurrent Neural Network (FOLRNN) model is proposed to predict long time series in this paper. The proposed method uses the Lipschitz continuity to alleviate the gradient problem. The fractional order integration is applied to compute the hidden states of the Recurrent Neural Network in the proposed method. The intricate dynamics of long-time series data can be captured by fractional order calculus. It has more accurate predictions compared with Lipschitz Recurrent Neural Networks models. Then self-attention is used to improve feature representation. It can describe the correlation of features and improve predict performance. Some experiments show that the FOLRNN model achieves better results than other methods.