bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment with Carnitine Enhances Bone Fracture Healing under Osteoporotic and/or Inflammatory Conditions
Authors: Aydin Ali , Halici Zekai , Albayrak Abdulmecit , Polat Beyzagul , Karakus Emre , Yildirim Omer Selim , Bayir Yasin , Cadirci Elif , Ayan Arif Kursad , Aksakal Ahmet Murat 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of carnitine on bone healing in ovariectomy (OVX) and inflammation (INF)‐induced osteoporotic rats. The rats were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 8 animals per group): sham‐operated (Group 1: SHAM); sham + magnesium silicate (Mg‐silicate) (Group 2: SHAM + INF); ovariectomy (Group 3: OVX); ovariectomy + femoral fracture (Group 4: OVX + FRC); ovariectomy + femoral fracture + Mg‐silicate (Group 5: OVX + FRC + INF); ovariectomy + femoral fracture + carnitine 50 mg/kg (Group 6: OVX + FRC + CAR50); ovariectomy + femoral fracture + carnitine 100 mg/kg (Group 7: OVX + FRC + CAR100); ovariectomy + femoral fracture + Mg‐silicate + carnitine 50 mg/kg (Group 8: OVX + FRC + INF + CAR50); and ovariectomy + femoral fracture + Mg‐silicate + carnitine 100 mg/kg (Group 9: OVX + FRC + INF + CAR100). Eight weeks after OVX, which allowed for osteoporosis to develop, INF was induced with subcutaneous Mg‐silicate. On day 80, all of the rats in groups 4–9 underwent fracture operation on the right femur. Bone mineral density (BMD) showed statistically significant improvements in the treatment groups. The serum markers of bone turnover (osteocalcin and osteopontin) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β and interleukin 6) were decreased in the treatment group. The X‐ray images showed significantly increased callus formation and fracture healing in the groups treated with carnitine. The present results show that in a rat model with osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy and Mg‐silicate, treatment with carnitine improves the healing of femur fractures.
Broekman, Pauline van Mouriket al (2014) Open educationRowman & Littlefield (Lanham MD & Plymouth UK) isbn 978‐1‐78348‐209‐2 112 pp £16.95 https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781783482108
Authors: Cannell Pete 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThis short book is a result of a collaborative effort between staff at Mute Publishing and the Media Department at Coventry School of Art and Design (both based in Britain). One could describe it as notes towards a critique of open education. From the perspective of cultural studies, it provides rich material for reflection and further investigation. If the content of this book is likely to be relevant to you, I recommend that you buy a copy for your own use.Pete Cannell
Rough‐and‐tumble play as a window on animal communication
Authors: Palagi Elisabetta , Burghardt Gordon M. , Smuts Barbara , Cordoni Giada , Dall'Olio Stefania , Fouts Hillary N. , Řeháková‐Petrů Milada , Siviy Stephen M. , Pellis Sergio M. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTRough‐and‐tumble play (RT) is a widespread phenomenon in mammals. Since it involves competition, whereby one animal attempts to gain advantage over another,RTruns the risk of escalation to serious fighting. Competition is typically curtailed by some degree of cooperation and different signals help negotiate potential mishaps duringRT. This review provides a framework for such signals, showing that they range along two dimensions: one from signals borrowed from other functional contexts to those that are unique to play, and the other from purely emotional expressions to highly cognitive (intentional) constructions. Some animal taxa have exaggerated the emotional and cognitive interplay aspects of play signals, yielding admixtures of communication that have led to complex forms ofRT. This complexity has been further exaggerated in some lineages by the development of specific novel gestures that can be used to negotiate playful mood and entice reluctant partners. Play‐derived gestures may provide new mechanisms by which more sophisticated communication forms can evolve. Therefore,RTand playful communication provide a window into the study of social cognition, emotional regulation and the evolution of communication systems.
Exploring crisis and its effects on workers in child protective services work
Authors: Tavormina Michele , Clossey Laurene 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn inquiry into child welfare protective services workers’ perceptions and experiences in theUnitedStates was conducted in order to examine their perceptions of crisis and crisis intervention, and the emotional impact of working with children who endured significant maltreatment. As there is presently little research that has explored these issues specifically from the point of view of the workers, a qualitative grounded theory approach was utilized. Four themes emerged from the data: workers perceived crisis as a result of biopsychosocial breakdown; workers routinely triage when faced with crises; workers are subject to vicarious traumatization; and workers’ personal lives are affected by their work. The findings add to an existing body of knowledge about secondary trauma in child welfare by providing information about the investigative workers’ subjective experience of it. This research adds a unique contribution to understanding workers’ subjective experience of crisis on the job, how it manifests, and whether they feel knowledgeable in the area of crisis intervention.
Evaluating local lymph node metastasis with magnetic resonance imaging, endoluminal ultrasound and computed tomography in rectal cancer: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Li X.‐T. , Sun Y.‐S. , Tang L. , Cao K. , Zhang X.‐Y. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endorectal ultrasound (EUS) and computed tomography (CT) are commonly used to evaluate lymph node (LN) metastasis for rectal cancer, but there is no agreement on which form of imaging is most accurate. The study aimed to review systematically the diagnostic performance of the three imaging modalities.MethodThe PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for English and Chinese language studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of MRI, EUS and/or CT for evaluating LN metastasis. Papers published before 31 December 2013 were included in the search. Subject‐level data were included. Diagnostic odds ratios were calculated for each modality and summary receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed using hierarchical regression models. The performance of the three modalities was compared.ResultsThe analysis included data from 123 studies evaluating LN metastasis. The sensitivity and specificity in patients having no chemoradiotherapy were 0.77 and 0.76 for MRI, 0.57 and 0.80 for EUS and 0.79 and 0.76 for CT. The three modalities showed similar accuracy (P = 0.39). MRI showed higher accuracy than EUS for patients who received neoadjuvant therapy (P = 0.04). MRI at a field strength > 1.5 T yielded better performance than EUS (P = 0.03) and similar performance to CT (P = 0.17). High resolution MRI showed similar diagnostic accuracy to EUS (P = 0.18) and CT (P = 0.16).ConclusionMRI, EUS and CT show similar accuracy but none could provide reliable evaluation for LN metastasis. MRI rather than EUS is recommended for LN evaluation after neoadjuvant therapy. MRI at a field strength of 3.0 T is the recommended method for MRI examination. But high resolution MRI does not improve the diagnostic performance in evaluating LN metastasis.
Inverse relationship of bleeding risk with clot burden during pulmonary embolism treatment with LMW heparin
Authors: Wang Chen , Zhai Zhenguo , Yang Yuanhua , Cheng Zhaozhong , Ying Kejing , Liang Lirong , Dai Huaping , Huang Kewu , Lu Weixuan , Zhang Zhonghe , Cheng Xiansheng , Shen Ying Hu , Davidson Bruce L. ,   China National Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Study Group
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntroductionClinically relevant bleeding occurs three times as frequently as recurrent venous thromboembolism in the modern early treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) with fixed‐dose, unmonitored anticoagulants. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is monitored and adjusted to assure efficacy and minimize bleeding risk, but low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is not. PE requires more anticoagulant than isolated deep venous thrombosis. Speculating that PE with low clot burden could lead to excess bleeding with unadjusted LMWH treatment but not with UFH, we compared PE patients receiving either UFH or LMWH with high and low clot burden for clinically significant bleeding in an observational study.Materials and MethodsPatients with acute PE at multiple Chinese teaching hospitals had been randomized to UFH or LMWH for initial treatment. These treatment cohorts had baseline measurement of pulmonary artery obstruction (PAO) score, which was prospectively separated into quartiles, lowest to highest PAO. All patients were followed for bleeding episodes, which were subsequently analyzed by quartile of PAO.ResultsTwo hundred seventy‐four patients divided between the two groups had similar efficacy and safety outcomes (12 clinically significant bleeds in the UFH group vs 15 in the LMWH group). LMWH recipients with the smallest clot burdens (lowest PAO quartiles) had highest bleeding rates (Cochran–Armitage trend test, P trend = 0.048), but there was no such trend for UFH recipients.ConclusionsFor UFH, excess anticoagulant pro‐hemorrhagic potential is down‐adjusted via activated partial thromboplastin time monitoring, but for LMWH it is not. For PE patients at high bleeding risk, UFH may be safer if the clot burden is small.
Acute pulmonary embolism: risk assessment, risk stratification and treatment options
Authors: Piovella Franco , Iosub Diana Irina 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially life‐threatening cardiovascular emergency with a high mortality rate. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are important in optimising clinical outcomes in patients with PE, and anticoagulants are the mainstay of treatment. Traditionally, anticoagulant therapy involves parenteral anticoagulants, overlapping with and followed by oral vitamin K antagonists. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), including the factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban, and the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate, have been developed to address limitations associated with traditional anticoagulant therapy. Apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban have recently been approved for the treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and PE and prevention of recurrent DVT or PE. Edoxaban is approved in the United States but not currently in the European Union for the treatment of DVT and PE; approval of edoxaban in Europe is anticipated in the near future.ObjectiveTo summarise the management of patients with suspected PE in accordance with recent guidelines, and to discuss the evidence behind the recent approvals of the DOACs for the treatment of PE.DiscussionDiagnosis and treatment of PE is guided by clinical probability scoring systems and tools for prognostic stratification and early mortality risk evaluation. Anticoagulants remain the mainstay of treatment. Successful phase III trials have demonstrated the efficacy of the DOACs for the treatment of DVT and PE, with a potentially improved safety profile, leading to their recent approval in this indication, and giving the clinician greater choice of anticoagulant therapies in this setting.ConclusionsDOACs offer an alternative and potentially simplified option for anticoagulation therapy in patients with PE compared with traditional anticoagulants and are likely to assist physicians in optimising management of patients with PE and improve clinical outcomes.
Severe measles pneumonia in adults with respiratory failure: role of ribavirin and high‐dose vitamin A
Authors: Ortac Ersoy Ebru , Tanriover Mine D. , Ocal Serpil , Ozisik Lale , Inkaya Cagkan , Topeli Arzu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAlthough measles is usually considered a benign viral disease of childhood, adults may be affected at any age and may experience severe respiratory or neurologic consequences. We present three adult cases (one of whom was pregnant) admitted to our University Hospital who were diagnosed to have measles and who had uncommon clinical features such as hepatitis and hyponatremia. All patients were markedly hypoxic; one required mechanical ventilation. Two patients received therapy with intravenous ribavirin and all patients received high‐dose vitamin A for 3 days. Therapy with intravenous ribavirin and vitamin A were well tolerated by our patients except one patient who developed acute renal failure and were associated with reversal of respiratory compromise. Life‐threatening measles pneumonitis in adults may be more common than previously appreciated, regardless of the patient's immune status, and ribavirin and high‐dose vitamin A might be a treatment option.
What is the minimum number of patients for quality control of lung cancer management in Norway?
Authors: Skaug Knut , Eide Geir E. , Gulsvik Amund 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntroductionThere are few data available on the optimal number of lung cancer patients needed to generate and compare estimates of quality between units managing lung cancer. The number of lung cancer patients per management unit varies considerably in Norway, where there are 42 hospitals that treated between 1 and 454 lung cancer patients in 2011.AimsTo estimate the differences in quality indicators that are of sufficient importance to change a pulmonary physician's lung cancer management program, and to estimate the size of the patient samples necessary to detect such differences.MethodTwenty‐six physicians were asked about the relative differences from a national average of quality indicators that would change their own lung cancer management program. Sample sizes were calculated to give valid estimates of quality of a management unit based on prevalence of quality indicators and minimally important differences (MID).ResultsThe average MID in quality indicators that would cause a change in management varied from 18% to 24% among 26 chest physicians, depending on the indicator.ConclusionsTo generate precise estimates for quality control of lung cancer care in Norway, the number of management units must be reduced. Given the present willingness of chest physicians to change their procedures for management of lung cancer according to the results of quality control indicators, we recommend a maximum of 10 units with a minimum of 200 incident lung cancer patients per year for each management center.
Efficacy and safety of long‐term inhaled antibiotic for patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Jia‐Wei , Fan Li‐Chao , Lu Hai‐Wen , Miao Xia‐Yi , Mao Bei , Xu Jin‐Fu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsThe evidence supported the use of nebulized antibiotics in non‐cystic fibrosis (non‐CF) bronchiectasis is indefinite. A meta‐analysis was performed to determine the efficacy and safety of long‐term inhaled antibiotics for patients with non‐CF bronchiectasis.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to March 20, 2014. Reduction of sputum bacterial density, eradication of sputum Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the risk of exacerbations and other clinical outcomes related to inhalation treatment were analyzed.ResultsThree hundred seventy articles were searched. Eight randomized controlled trials recruiting 539 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. Long‐term inhaled antibiotics showed an obvious reduction of the sputum bacterial density [weighted mean difference = 2.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–4.09, P < 0.00001] and augment eradication of sputum P. aeruginosa [odds ratio (OR) = 6.6, 95% CI: 2.93–14.86, P < 0.00001]. No evidences showed higher risk of P. aeruginosa resistance after inhaled therapy. In addition, nebulized therapy reduced the amount of patients with exacerbation (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.21–1.00, P = 0.05). However, patients with inhaled antibiotics were more likely to suffer wheeze (OR = 6.74, 95% CI: 2.22–20.52, P = 0.0008) and bronchospasm (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.11–7.25, P = 0.03).ConclusionFor patients with non‐CF bronchiectasis, long‐term inhaled antibiotics can effectively reduce the sputum bacterial density, increase P.A eradication and attenuate the risk of exacerbation, however, accompanied with higher risk of wheeze and bronchospasm.
Experimentally testing and assessing the predictive power of species assembly rules for tropical canopy ants
Authors: Fayle Tom M. , Eggleton Paul , Manica Andrea , Yusah Kalsum M. , Foster William A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUnderstanding how species assemble into communities is a key goal in ecology. However, assembly rules are rarely tested experimentally, and their ability to shape real communities is poorly known. We surveyed a diverse community of epiphyte‐dwelling ants and found that similar‐sized species co‐occurred less often than expected. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that invasion was discouraged by the presence of similarly sized resident species. The size difference for which invasion was less likely was the same as that for which wild species exhibited reduced co‐occurrence. Finally we explored whether our experimentally derived assembly rules could simulate realistic communities. Communities simulated using size‐based species assembly exhibited diversities closer to wild communities than those simulated using size‐independent assembly, with results being sensitive to the combination of rules employed. Hence, species segregation in the wild can be driven by competitive species assembly, and this process is sufficient to generate observed species abundance distributions for tropical epiphyte‐dwelling ants.
Early statin therapy in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage without prior statin use
Authors: Chen P.‐S. , Cheng C.‐L. , Chang Y.‐C. , Kao Yang Y.‐H. , Yeh P.‐S. , Li Y.‐H. 
Published: January 2015

Background and purposeStatin therapy is beneficial for primary and secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke, but its influence in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unclear. An assessment was made of the effect of early statin therapy on patients with acute ICH.MethodsTaiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database was screened for patients without prior statin therapy admitted from January to December 2008 for newly diagnosed ICH. Patients taking statins during hospitalization or within 3 months post‐discharge were the early statin group (n = 749); patients who were not were the control group (n = 7583). The study end‐points were recurrent ICH and all‐cause mortality during follow‐up.ResultsAll eligible patients were followed up until 31 December 2010. During the follow‐up, 69 (9.2%) patients in the early statin group and 677 (8.9%) control group patients had recurrent ICH. Cox proportional hazards analyses showed that early statin use did not increase the risk of recurrent ICH (adjusted hazard ratio 1.044; 95% confidence interval 0.812–1.341). During the same period, 90 (12.0%) of the early statin group and 1519 (20.0%) control group patients died. All‐cause mortality was lower in the early statin group (adjusted hazard ratio 0.742; 95% confidence interval 0.598–0.919) than in the control group. Matched propensity score analyses were consistent with findings in Cox proportional hazards analyses.ConclusionsEarly statin group patients with acute ICH did not have a higher recurrent risk of ICH and might have lower all‐cause mortality during follow‐up. It is concluded that statin therapy might be beneficial for patients with ICH.
A quantitative genetic approach to assess the evolutionary potential of a coastal marine fish to ocean acidification
Authors: Malvezzi Alex J. , Murray Christopher S. , Feldheim Kevin A. , DiBattista Joseph D. , Garant Dany , Gobler Christopher J. , Chapman Demian D. , Baumann Hannes 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAssessing the potential of marine organisms to adapt genetically to increasing oceanic CO2 levels requires proxies such as heritability of fitness‐related traits under ocean acidification (OA). We applied a quantitative genetic method to derive the first heritability estimate of survival under elevated CO2 conditions in a metazoan. Specifically, we reared offspring, selected from a wild coastal fish population (Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia), at high CO2 conditions (~2300 μatm) from fertilization to 15 days posthatch, which significantly reduced survival compared to controls. Perished and surviving offspring were quantitatively sampled and genotyped along with their parents, using eight polymorphic microsatellite loci, to reconstruct a parent–offspring pedigree and estimate variance components. Genetically related individuals were phenotypically more similar (i.e., survived similarly long at elevated CO2 conditions) than unrelated individuals, which translated into a significantly nonzero heritability (0.20 ± 0.07). The contribution of maternal effects was surprisingly small (0.05 ± 0.04) and nonsignificant. Survival among replicates was positively correlated with genetic diversity, particularly with observed heterozygosity. We conclude that early life survival of M. menidia under high CO2 levels has a significant additive genetic component that could elicit an evolutionary response to OA, depending on the strength and direction of future selection.
Characterisation of inland fisheries in Europe
Authors: Cowx I. G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe situation facing inland fisheries and aquaculture in Europe has altered rapidly in response to an exceptional period of change throughout the continent over the past 25 to 30 years. A number of factors contribute towards these trends, including increasing demand for water, social, economic and political shifts, and increased awareness of environmental issues. The aim of this study is to explore changes in the European inland fisheries sector to assist planning and management of the sector in the future. Commercial fisheries have declined throughout Europe. After slow expansion through the 1950s–1980s, catches have declined steadily over the past 25 years, more so in the north and west than in Eastern countries. Similarly, recreational fisheries are under threat from declining participation and degradation from external interventions. By contrast, aquaculture production from inland waters in European countries has shown a progressive increase of 7% per year from 300 000 t in 1985 to 430 000 t in 2012. Despite the importance of inland fisheries, especially recreational fisheries, throughout Europe, there is a perception that natural fisheries have undergone major, often adverse, changes. These are related to ongoing restructuring in post‐socialist countries, changing relationships between commercial and recreational fishers, deficiencies and confusion in fisheries legislation, administration and access to waters. The resources are also subject to numerous anthropogenic perturbations. In an effort to maintain, improve and develop inland fisheries in Europe options for development, including river basin management planning and ecosystem approach are discussed.