bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Analysis of Salivary Gland Branching Morphogenesis
Authors: Sakai Takayoshi , Larsen Melinda , Kogo Mikihiko , Yamada Kenneth M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRecently, clinicians and scientists have focused on tissue engineering for regenerative medical therapy. This approach promises to provide remarkable clinical breakthroughs for the future. In oral and craniofacial medicine, most scientific approaches to tissue engineering currently involve tooth and bone, while little progress has been made toward regenerating organs such as salivary gland. To develop strategies for salivary gland regeneration, it will be important to understand the molecular mechanisms of normal salivary development. This mini‐review describes a recently developed and tested set of approaches for identifying and characterizing molecules essential for branching morphogenesis and other developmental processes. It shows the value of using laser microdissection and the new process of T7‐SAGE for gene discovery of putative candidate molecules that may be crucial regulators or mediators. We describe a stepwise series of associated strategies for reliable identification and functional testing of a candidate molecule, as well as its successful application to a specific candidate molecule originally identified by T7‐SAGE.
The Relationship between Subcellular Localization of Actinin‐4 and Cell Motility in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Iida Yutaka , Chiba Hiroshige 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTo elucidate the mechanism of invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma, we newly established two different cell lines with a high‐motility phenotype (designated HI type) and low‐motility phenotype (LI type) from CA‐9‐22, a human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line, through cell invasion assay (Boyden chamber assay). When we examined the subcellular localization and protein expression of actinin‐4 using these cell lines, although the growth curves were not significantly different between the HI type and LI type, more invasion was seen in the HI‐type than in the LI‐type on Boyden chamber assay (p < 0.0001). Morphologically, a larger number of sharply extended cell processes and spindle formation were observed in the HI‐type than in the LI‐type, and actinin‐4 was mainly distributed in these processes. Western analysis showed that the expression level of actinin‐4 was almost equivalent between the HI and LI types. These findings suggest that subcellular localization of actinin‐4 might be involved in cell motility and cancer invasion by regulating the actin cytoskeleton at the cell processes in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Crucial Role of Tissue‐specific Apoptosis on the Development of Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Hayashi Yoshio , Arakaki Rieko , Ishimaru Naozumi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPrimary Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates and destruction of the salivary and lacrimal glands, and systemic production of autoantibodies to the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles SS‐A/Ro and SS‐B/La, leading to clinical symptoms of dryness of the mouth and eyes (sicca syndrome). Autoreactive T cells bearing the CD4 molecule may recognize an unknown self antigen, triggering autoimmunity in the salivary and lacrimal glands. Although several candidate autoantigens including α ‐fodrin have been reported in Sjögren’s syndrome, the pathogenic roles of the autoantigens in initiation and progression of SS are still unclear. It is possible that individual T cells activated by an appropriate self antigen can proliferate and form a restricted clone. Recent evidence suggests that the apoptotic pathway plays a central role in making T cells tolerant to tissue‐specific self antigen, and may drive the autoimmune phenomenon. We recently reported that tissue‐specific apoptosis in estrogendeficient mice may contribute to autoantigen cleavage, leading to the development of autoimmune exocrinopathy. The studies reviewed imply that tissue‐specific apoptosis and caspase‐mediated α ‐fodrin proteolysis are involved in the progression of autoimmune lesions in Sjögren’s syndrome. Moreover, Fas ligand (FasL) and its receptor Fas are essential in the homeostasis of the peripheral immune system. It is considered that a defect in activation‐induced cell death (AICD) of effector T cells may result in the development of autoimmune exocrinopathy in Sjögren’s syndrome.
Detection of DNA and Immunoreactivity Specific for Mycoplasma fermentans in Synovial Fluid and Sera from Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Authors: Suga Masako , Kubota Eiro , Shibata Takanori 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study investigated whether the presence of Mycoplasma fermentans (M. fermentans) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) could be associated with the pathology of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). One hundred fifteen synovial fluid (SF) samples from patients with TMD were evaluated for the presence of DNA of M. fermentans by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Specific antibody against M. fermentans was also detected in the SF as well as sera by Western blot analysis. M. fermentans DNA was identified in 37.4％ of the SF samples from the TMD patients. There was no difference between PCR‐positive and ‐negative rate regarding sex and disease categories, e.g., internal derangement (ID) and osteoarthritis (OA). However, the prevalence of M. fermentans DNA in ID patients was higher in elderly patients (73.3％) than in younger patients(31.8％). Anti‐M. fermentans immunoreactivities (IgG) specific for lipoproteins with various molecular sizes, 56 kilo‐Dalton (kDa), 48 kDa, 38 kDa, and 29 kDa, were also identified in the SF. The immunoreactivity was also detected in the patients’ sera. The reactivity patterns of the anti‐M. fermentans antibodies were, however, different between the SF and the sera ; reactivities to 48 kDa and 29 kDa lipoproteins were prominent in the former, while the reactivities to those of 56 kDa, 48 kDa, and 29 kDa were evidently increased in the latter. The presence of specific DNA and antibody for M. fermentans in the TMJ implies that M. fermentans could possibly induce joint specific immunoreaction, thus perpetuating the inflammatory reaction in the diseased TMJ.
Hyaline Ring Granuloma of the Mandibular Periosteum
Authors: Sato Hirotaka , Miyate Hiroki , Fukuta Yoshiyasu , Satoh Masanobu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHyaline ring granuloma (HRG) is a comparatively rare inflammatory condition occurring mainly in the oral region, and is characterized by hyaline rings (HRs) formed in the granulation tissue. This study describes a case of HRG occurring in the mandibular periosteum of an 18‐year‐old male. Histopathologic, histochemical and electron microscopic studies were performed on surgically excised materials. Histopathologically, ovoid bodies (OBs) surrounded by thin hyaline walls and HRs showing pale‐stained eosinophilic thick hyaline walls were both detected. Histochemical study revealed that the OBs contained many granules chiefly composed of starch. Ultrastructurally, the HRs presented a stratiform structure due to the accumulation of cross‐banded collagen fibrils with a basement membrane‐like lining containing cellulose microfilaments. These results suggest that HRs are formed as follows : the exogenous vegetable materials are encapsulated by collagen, then the component is gradually degraded ; the residual cellulose fraction adheres to the inner surface of the collagenous capsules, and the continuous deposition of collagen at the outer surface of the capsules increases its thickness. Finally, thick hyaline walls of HRs are formed. The possible pathogenesis of this curious lesion is discussed for stomatologists.
Tumor Growth, Local Invasion, Micrometastasis, and Lymph Node Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Visualized in Live Tissue by Green Fluorescent Protein Expression
Authors: Itoh Akifumi , Okumura Kazuhiko , Abiko Yoshihiro , Arakawa Toshiya , Takuma Taishin , Hosokawa Yoichiro , Yajima Toshihiko , Shibata Takanori 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report the in vitro establishment of a highly stable green fluorescent protein（GFP）‐expressing transfectant of a highly‐invasive human tongue squamous cell carcinoma（HTSCC）cell line, SAS‐H1. The fluorescent cells permitted the visualization of tumor growth, local invasion, micrometastasis and cervical lymph node metastasis after submucosal injection into the tongues of nude mice. SAS‐H1 cells were transfected with the pEGFP‐N1 expression vector containing the GFP and neomycin resistance genes. Stable SAS‐H1 clones expressing high levels of GFP were selected stepwise in vitro in levels of geneticin（G418）of up to 3,500 μg/ml. Subsequent early stages of local invasion and micrometastasis were visualized by GFP fluorescence in a primary tumor of the tongue. Furthermore, lymph node metastasis was confirmed for all of the orthotopic transplants in mice. However, no distant metastases, including those of lung and liver, were observed. Thus, this model should be useful for studying the metastatic process and for evaluating anti‐metastasis agents in pre‐clinical trials.
Refractory Factors in Head and Neck Cancer: ATP Binding Cassette Transporters Expressed in Head and Neck Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Uematsu Takashi , Naramoto Hiroko , Doto Ryosuke , Uchihashi Takayuki , Matsuura Takashi , Usui Yohei , Uematsu Setsuko , Li Xianqi , Takahashi Masahiro , Yamaoka Minoru , Furusawa Kiyofumi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to clarify whether ATP binding cassette transporters are refractory factors in head and neck cancer chemotherapy. For in vitro and in vivo chemotherapeutic studies, we employed a human salivary gland adenocarcinoma cell line (HSY) and a human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCCSK) with vincristine (VCR) at clinically equivalent doses. Western blot analysis, reverse transcription‐ polymerase chain reaction, in vivo evaluation in xenograft models inoculated with cultured carcinoma cell line and drug efflux analysis were performed. VCR‐treated SCCSK and HSY cells, as well as xenografted SCCSK and HSY cells in tumor‐bearing nude mice, were found to express MDR1/ABCB1 and MRP1/ABCC1. In addition to MDR1 and MRP1 mRNA, HSY/VCR and its cloned cells expressed MRP7/ABCC10 mRNA, but SCCSK/VCR did not express MRP7. Furthermore, drug resistance to VCR and docetaxel decreased in HSY/VCR in the presence of a competitive MRP7 inhibitor, 17‐beta‐estradiol‐(17‐beta‐D‐glucuronide). These results indicate that MDR1 and MRP1 expression are refractory factors in head and neck cancer chemotherapy and suggest that induction of MRP7 expression is involved in drug resistance in salivary gland adenocarcinomas.
Fibroblast Growth Factor‐2 Accelerates Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Takashi Hase , Shuichi Kawashiri , Akira Tanaka , Shinichi Nozaki , Natsuyo Noguchi , Koroku Kato , Hiromitsu Nakaya , Kiyomasa Nakagawa , Etsuhide Yamamoto 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) on cancer cell invasion and on fibroblast proliferation in an in vitro model of invasion. Three kinds of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with different invasive activity were used: OSC‐20, OSC‐19 (lower invasive type), and HOC313 (higher invasive type). FGF‐2 and its high‐affinity receptors FGFR‐1 and FGFR‐2 were detected by western blotting. The expression of FGF‐2 and FGFRs mRNA was examined in cultured human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Furthermore, recombinant human FGF‐2 (rhFGF‐2) was reacted with each cell line, and the invasion rate was determined by invasion assay. We also observed the behavior of cancer cell invasion in the collagen gel invasion model in the presence or absence of FGF‐2‐neutralizing antibody (anti‐FGF‐2). HOC313 cells showed higher expression of FGF‐2 than OSC‐20 and OSC‐19 cells. The addition of rhFGF‐2 promoted not only the proliferation of fibroblasts, but also the invasion of all cancer cell lines. In contrast, the addition of anti‐FGF‐2 completely inhibited the invasion of OSC‐20 and OSC‐19 cells. These results suggest that a higher invasiveness of squamous carcinoma cells is associated with higher production of FGF‐2, which acts in an autocrine fashion to promote cancer cell invasion, and in a paracrine fashion to promote fibroblast proliferation.
Studies on the Relationship between Bone Strength and Bone Quality in Rats Fed with a Low‐magnesium Diet
Authors: Toshio Okada , Yusuke Kozai , Ryota Kawamata , Takashi Sakurai , Isamu Kashima 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe relationship between bone strength and bone quality in rats fed with a low‐magnesium (low‐Mg) diet was examined. Twenty four‐week‐old male Wistar rats were divided into a control group (n = 10) and a low‐Mg group (n = 10). Each group was fed with a conventional diet or a low‐Mg diet (Mg, 6 mg/100 g diet) for 8 weeks, respectively. After the rats were sacrificed, bone strength, bone mineral content (BMC) and three‐dimensional (3D) trabecular structure of the lumbar vertebra were measured, respectively. The results showed that the values of the BMC were almost the same between the control and the low‐Mg diet groups. On the other hand, the bone strength of the low‐Mg diet group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.01). 3D trabecular structure analysis showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05 or 0.01) in the trabecular structure of the low‐Mg diet group as compared to the control group. These findings suggest that the bone strength in this model is not affected by the BMC but is strongly affected by the trabecular structure. The low‐Mg diet model is considered to be an excellent model for examining bone quality.
Roles of IL‐1α in the Growth of Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor
Authors: Kubota Yasutaka , Shirasuna Kanemitsu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractKeratocystic odontogenic tumors have a high level of proliferative activity in epithelial cells and they tend to grow aggressively in the jaw. The tumor dramatically decreases in size by decompression of the intracystic fluid pressure. We herein focused on the roles of interleukin (IL)‐1α and demonstrated the biochemical mechanisms of the tumor growth. We found that IL‐1α is strongly expressed in the lining epithelial cells of the tumors, and the intracystic fluid levels of IL‐1α are significantly higher than the levels of the other inflammatory cytokines of IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). The expression of IL‐1α in the epithelial cells decreases after the marsupialization of the tumor. In vitro experiments also reveal that positive pressure enhances the expression of IL‐1α in the tumor epithelial cells in culture. IL‐1α stimulates the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9, and activates the released proMMP‐9 by increasing the expression of proMMP‐3 and plasminogen activator urokinase (u‐PA) in the tumor epithelial cells. In the fibroblasts isolated from the tumors, IL‐1α increases the expression of proMMP‐1, proMMP‐2, and proMMP‐3. IL‐1α also activates proMMP‐2 by inducing the expression of membrane‐type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) synergistically with type I collagen. Furthermore, IL‐1α increases the expression of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 in the fibroblasts. The COX‐2 synthesizes prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the secreted PGE2 stimulates the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), while neither IL‐1α nor PGE2 affects the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the fibroblasts. The fibroblasts express Ca2+‐sensing receptor (CasR) on the cell surface, and extracellular Ca2+ activates COX‐2 expression via the CasR. A strong relationship may thus be present between the intracystic fluid pressure and IL‐1α expression in epithelial cells, and the released IL‐1α may play a crucial role in the growth of keratocystic odontogenic tumors by stimulating proteolytic enzyme production and osteoclastogenesis.
Analysis of the Pattern of Maxillofacial Fracture by Five Departments in Tokyo: A Review of 674 Cases
Authors: Sasaki Ryo , Ogiuchi Hideki , Kumasaka Akira , Ando Tomohiro , Nakamura Kayoko , Ueki Terukazu , Okada Yutaka , Asanami Souichirou , Chigono Yoshiho , Ichinokawa Yoshimi , Satomi Takefumi , Matsuo Akira , Chiba Hiroshige 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe studied maxillofacial fractures treated by departments of oral and maxillofacial surgery in Tokyo. A retrospective review of records and radiographs for patients admitted during the 5‐year period from 2000 to 2004 was conducted at five departments in Tokyo. Date, age, gender, cause of injury, fracture site, concomitant injury, domestic violence against women, and treatment were reviewed. 674 patients with maxillofacial fractures were admitted. Male‐to‐female ratio was 3.6 : 1. The most frequent age group was 21–25 years. Fractures of the mandible were most frequent (87%), followed by the maxilla (14%) and the zygomatic bone (12%). Thirty‐one percent of fractures were due to traffic accidents, 29% to accidental falls, 23% to violence and 14% to sports. The incidence of maxillofacial fractures caused by traffic accidents was lower, and that caused by falls and violence were higher than in other countries. Seventeen percent of the maxillofacial fracture patients had concomitant injuries. The incidence of domestic violence‐related maxillofacial fracture was 1.6% of all cases. These cases were mainly caused by a husband (55%) or a sexual partner (36%). Most patients (67%) were treated by open reduction surgery. However, condylar fracture alone was usually treated by closed reduction surgery.
Mouth‐opening Exercises Produce a Decrease in Pain Perception in Patients with Disk Displacement with Reduction
Authors: Kashima Koji , Yokota Rie , Iino Mikiko , Hamasuna Yu , Igawa Kaori , Sakoda Sumio 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study was intended to determine whether mouth‐opening exercise reduces pain sensitivity in remote regions as well as in the trigeminal region. Seven female subjects with disk displacement with reduction were asked to perform a three‐minute repetitive mouth opening and closing exercise (exercise A) and a three‐minute continuous mouth opening exercise (exercise B) on two separate days. Sensory/nociceptive perception thresholds were measured at the point over the right masseter and the skin overlying the volar aspect of the right forearm immediately after exercises A and B, and were compared to data in which no exercise was performed (baseline). Significant elevation in the heat‐induced pain threshold was seen as a result of both exercises in the cervical region and in the trigeminal region. Also, a significant elevation in the cold‐induced pain threshold was seen after exercise B in the cervical region. Further, there was a tendency toward a higher warm sensation threshold after exercise A in the cervical region. These results indicate that mouth opening training produces non‐segmental analgesic effects mediated by C fiber and Adelta fiber.
Regulation of Expression of Sprouty Isoforms by EGF, FGF7 or FGF10 in Fetal Mouse Submandibular Glands
Authors: Ohno Kenji , Koyama Noriko , Hayashi Toru , Takai Yoshiaki , Gresik Edward W , Kashimata Masanori 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBranching morphogenesis of the fetal mouse submandibular gland (SMG) is regulated by signaling through the ErbB and FGF families of tyrosine kinase receptors, whose members activate the ERK‐1/2 pathway. The four Sprouty (Spry) proteins are inhibitory modulators of ERK‐1/2. There is little information on their expression during pre‐ and postnatal development of the SMG. Qualitative RT‐PCR detected mRNAs for Spry1, 2, and 4 from embryonic day 13 (E13) through postnatal day 7 (P7), but only trace amounts of Spry1 and 2 in adult SMGs. More sensitive quantitative RT‐PCR revealed that transcripts for all four Spry isoforms are expressed, and each shows individual patterns of variation across fetal and early postnatal stages, and that there are very low levels of Spry1 and 2, but no Spry3 and 4, in adult glands. EGF, FGF7 and FGF10 upregulate expression of mRNA for Spry1, but only FGF7 upregulates Spry2 mRNA. EGF strongly induces an activating phosphorylation of all four Spry isoforms, but both FGFs do so only minimally. Quantitative RT‐PCR of samples collected by laser capture microdissection showed that transcripts for Spry1 are confined to the epithelium of E13 SMG rudiments. The isoform‐specific temporal variation in the patterns of expression of Spry1, 2, 3 and 4 suggests a potentially important role for these negative modulators of growth‐factor driven ras/ERK‐1/2 signaling at stages when the SMG is most actively undergoing branching morphogenesis.
Two cases of recovery of occlusion by a combination of surgery and orthodontic therapy for adult mandibular impacted teeth
Authors: Sato Chu , Nomura Joji , Matsumura Yoshihiko , Kato Hideharu , Yanase Shigeaki , Tagawa Toshiro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe experienced 2 patients in which occlusion was successfully recovered by a combination of surgical subluxation and orthodontic therapy for adult mandibular impacted teeth. Of these cases, the tooth in one case was still vital after completion of the treatment. Herein, we report these 2 cases with a review of the literature.
Efficacy of Electroanatomical Mapping for Radiofrequency Ablation of Right‐sided Accessory Pathways
Authors: Li Tiejun , Miyauchi Yasushi , Kobayashi Yoshinori , Iwasaki Yu‐ki , Horie Tsutomu , Taniguchi Hiroshi , Hirasawa Yasuhiro , Maruyama Mitsunori , Ueno Akira , Abe Junko , Katoh Takao , Takano Teruo 
Published: August 2012

Introduction: Due to the difficulty in performing detailed mapping around the tricuspid annulus and the high occurrence of mechanical trauma during the procedure, the outcome of right‐sided accessory pathway (AP) ablation still has a relatively high primary failure and recurrence rate.Methods and Results: Six patients with right free‐wall APs underwent electroanatomical mapping. The AP had retrograde unidirectional conduction in 3 patients, anterograde unidirectional conduction in 1 patient, and bidirectional conduction in 2 patients. The right atrial (RA) activation map was constructed during right ventricular (RV) pacing (n = 5), and the RV activation map was constructed during RA pacing (n = 3). During mapping, the AP conduction was interrupted by catheter mechanical trauma in 3 patients. The first RF application successfully eliminated the AP conduction within 2 seconds in 3 patients with concealed pathways. In the remaining 3 patients, rescue RF energy was delivered at the tagged bump site on the map. The mean procedure time was 214 ± 77 minutes, and mean fluoroscopy time 63 ± 23 minutes. No recurrence occurred during 12 ± 3.2 months of followup in any of the patients.Conclusions: With the guidance of an electroanatomical mapping system, right‐sided accessory pathways can be satisfactorily eliminated without later recurrence.
Focal Atrial Tachycardia
Authors: Higa Satoshi , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOver the past decade most of the electrophysiologic mechanisms in patients with focal atrial tachycardias (ATs) have been well studied Recently advanced mapping systems have revealed the precise propagation and the relationship between non radial propagation pattern and substrate property of focal AT Non radial activation pattern of focal AT may mimic macrorentrant AT and may lead to inappropriate ablation strategy In this review we will focus on the current state of mapping and ablation techniques safety and efficacy associated with the catheter ablation for focal AT.