bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sex Hormones on Some T and B Cell Functions, Evidenced by Differential Immune Expression Between Male and Female Mice and Cyclic Pattern of Immune Responsiveness During the Estrous Cycle in Female Mice*
Authors: KRZYCH URSZULA , STRAUSSER HELEN R. , BRESSLER JOSEPH P. , GOLDSTEIN ALLAN L. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: The responses of spleen cells from male and female BALB/c mice were evaluated to determine if sex‐related variations in immune expression could be found. The immunologic assays used included blastogenic responses to mitogens, and direct and indirect measurement of plaque‐forming cells against particulate antigens. The results indicated that responses of spleen cells from young adult female mice were higher than those of males in all comparative tests. Newborn mice did not demonstrate the sex‐associated immune differences; and among the weanling mice slight differences between male and female spleen cells responsiveness to mitogenic agents were observed.The blastogenic responsiveness of spleens from female BALB/c was greater at proestrus and metestrus, as compared to estrus and diestrus. The peaks of responsiveness corresponded to reported elevated levels of estrogen and pregnenolone during these phases of the cycle. Similar results were obtained with the IgM plaque‐forming cell responses, which were also increased at proestrus and metestrus. This study supports a role of sex hormones in modulation of immune expression.
Fetal and Maternal Red Cell Immune Adherence (RCIA) Receptors*
Authors: SIEGEL ISRAEL , GLEICHER NORBERT 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: The addition of autologous serum to mixtures containing human red cells, from pregnant and nonpregnant females, and sheep red cells resulted in the formation of mixed aggregates containing both human and sheep red cells. In contrast, no aggregate formation occurred when autologous cord serum was addded to mixtures containing cord red cells and sheep red cells. Heat inactivation of the adult serum or the presence of 0.15 M EDTA prevented the formation of mixed aggregates. These observations indicated that the mixed aggregates occurred through the complement‐dependent red cell immune adherence (RCIA) phenomenon. The addition of untreated cord serum to mixtures containing inactivated adult serum restored the formation of mixed aggregates, indicating that the cord serum contained sufficient complement for RCIA. Natural antibody against sheep red cells was present in adult sera but was absent in cord sera.Using the RCIA receptor assay, the RCIA receptor activity of cord red cells was found to exceed significantly that of the adult pregnant cells (p < 0.0025). It is postulated that this may represent an aspect of immune adaptation between mother and fetus.
Cell‐Mediated Immunity to Cytomegalovirus in Pregnant Women
Authors: AGATSUMA YOSHITAKA , FITZPATRICK PAUL , LELE AMOL , KAUL ADITYA , OGRA PEARAY L. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: Employing the techniques of in vitro lymphocyte transformation (LTF) and complement fixation, cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) and antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) were studied in pregnant and nonpregnant women. The LTF activity was determined by the whole blood microassay using four strains of CMV (AD‐169 and its early antigen [EA], Davis, Veca, and Towne strains), and phytohemagglutinin (PHA).Lymphocyte transformation response to specific CMV antigens at 11–30 weeks of gestation and to nonspecific mitogen (PHA) in all pregnant and postpartum women were found to be significanty depressed compared with the nonpregnant women. The lower LTF responses to CMV antigen and PHA were found in specimens taken from pregnant women at 21–30 weeks of gestation. There were no significant differences in the mean complement‐fixing (CF) antibody titers and the percentage of E‐rosette‐forming T lymphocytes between subjects in various stages of pregnancy.In addition, concanavalin A (Con A)‐generated suppressor T cell activity was evaluated in pregnant and nonpregnant women. The suppressor effect of Con A‐activated lymphocytes in pregnant women was somewhat higher than in nonpregnant women. These observations suggest that CMV‐specific suppression of cellular immunity may play an important role in reactivation of CMV in pregnancy.
Maternal Influence on the Expression of Immunoglobulins in Young Mice*
Authors: WEILER I. J. , SPRENGER R. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: Maternal IgG persists longer in young mice (10–12 weeks) than would be predicted from the known half‐life of passively administered immunoglobulins. By monitoring maternal and infant allotypes independently, in foster‐nursing experiments, we investigated the potential participation of milk lymphocytes in this phenomenon.When milk cells were experimentally excluded, maternal allotype vanished three weeks earlier than in controls. On the other hand, it was not possible to prolong survival of maternal IgG beyond nine weeks by weekly administration of foster‐strain cells or serum; final rejection is in this case preceded by a burst in endogenous IgG production.Maternal influence initially depresses endogenous IgG production, even in normal F1 offspring. Typical for fostered offspring, which initially have lower levels of endogenous IgG than normal controls, is a burst in production at the age of 6–7 weeks; we speculate that final rejection of transplanted milk lymphocytes may take place concomitant with maturation of the infant's immune system.
The Molecular Weights and Molecular Weight Heterodispersion of Some Antigens From the Trichloroacetic Acid Soluble Fraction of Human Seminal Plasma
Authors: DE CEREZO JOSEFINA M. SCACCIATI , CEREZO ALBERTO S. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: The antigens isolated from the trichloroacetic acid soluble fraction of human seminal plasma show a polymodal molecular weight heterodispersion. The molecular weights corresponding to the modes of the distribution have limiting values of 2,500‐57,000.Previous results obtained by polyacrylamide gel and cellogel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion and Immunoelectrophoresis, and ultracentrifugation analysis, which suggested homogeneity, were explained by the formation of molecular aggregates, which would also explain why the smaller fragments were not lost during the dialysis carried out in the preparation and purification of the samples.The average molecular weight of the antigens, determined by gel permeation chromatography and using the equation of Svedberg, is in the range of 10,000–40,000.It is suggested that the polymodal heterodispersion together with the associating‐dissociating properties of these products is used to control their immunological behavior.
Cellular Immunity in Normal Pregnancy and Abortion: Subpopulations of T Lymphocytes Bearing Fc Receptors for IgG and IgM
Authors: SUMIYOSHI YOSHIO , GORAI ITSUO , HIRAHARA FUMIKI , TANAKA KATSUAKI , MINAGUCHI HIROSHI 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: Studies on the change of peripheral T and B lymphocytes and T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG (Ig‐G•FcR+•T lymphocytes) and IgM (IgM•FcR+•T lymphocytes) in normal pregnant women and patients with threatened abortion were performed by using rosette‐formation tests. There was no significant difference in the proportion of T and B lymphocytes between pregnant and nonpregnant women.The percentage change of T cells of the patients in threatened abortion with good prognosis was significantly decreased and that of B cells of the patients in threatened abortion was significantly increased compared with that of normal pregnant women.The percentage of IgG•FcR+•T lymphocytes in the T lymphocytes increased in the various stages of pregnant and postpartum women as compared with that in nonpregnant women, and in the case of the patients with threatened abortion it also increased significantly from that of normal pregnant women. On the contrary, the percentage of IgM•FcR+•T in the T lymphocytes decreased in normal pregnant and postpartum women.
Oral Contraception, Circulating Immune Complexes, Antiethinylestradiol Antibodies, and Thrombosis*
Authors: BEAUMONT VIOLETTE , LEMORT NICOLE , BEAUMONT JEAN‐LOUIS 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: Circulating immune complexes were detected in women on oral contraceptives (OC) by a simple antigen nonspecific method using precipitation of serum in 25% saturated ammonium sulfate (CIC‐AS). A significant correlation was found between the presence of CIC‐AS and the OC vascular risk.A radioimmunoassay with tritiated ethinylestradiol indicated that CIC‐AS contained antiethinylestradiol antibodies (anti‐EE Ab) in a number of OC users, but indicated also that 1) anti‐EE Ab may be found in cases with no detectable CIC‐AS, 2) CIC‐AS containing no anti‐EE Ab are found in nonusers, and 3) even in OC users the CIC‐AS may contain antibodies to other ligands than EE.The study demonstrated also that, in OC users with a vascular complication, anti‐EE Ab were more frequently detected (78% of cases) than CIC‐AS (60%). Moreover, among OC users with CIC‐AS, anti‐EE Ab were found in 95% of women with a vascular complication and only 37% of current healthy users.The detection of anti‐EE Ab appears to be more predictive, with regard to the vascular risk of OC, than the detection of CIC‐AS.
Morphologic Correlates of Host Response in Endometrial Carcinoma*
Authors: DELIGDISCH LIANE 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: Cases of endometrial carcinoma reviewed for this study were divided into two groups: 1) Premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal patients in whom a history of anovulation, obesity, ovarian hyperthecosis (including Stein‐Leventhal syndrome) or feminizing tumors, and/or exogenous estrogen intake were found; and 2) postmenopausal, elderly patients, without known hormonal or metabolic disturbances and without any history of estrogen therapy. In the first group, frequent associated findings were precursor stages of endometrial carcinoma, such as adenomatous and atypical hyperplasia. In the majority of cases, the cancer was confined to the endometrium, rarely infiltrating the myometrium. In the second group, the cancer was associated most often with an inactive, atrophic endometrium and frequently diffusely infiltrated through the myometrium, with lymphatic and vascular involvement. The lymphatic and plasma‐cell infiltrate was evaluated in both groups. It was found to be more abundant in the first group, both at the tumor‐host interface and perivascularly, than in the second.As reported in other malignancies of the female reproductive system, the presence or absence of a lymphocytic infiltrate as a morphological expression of local cellular immune response of the host correlates well with the biological behavior of the tumor. A challenging question is the relationship, if any, between hormonal factors and immune mechanisms in tumors arising in tissues such as the endometrium that, even normally, are targets of hormonal stimulation.
Partial Inhibition of Cell‐Mediated Immunity (CMI) by Niridazole: Effect Upon Development of Autoimmune Aspermatogenic Orchitis (AIAO) in Guinea Pigs*
Authors: Nemirovsky M.S. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: The effects of Niridazole upon the development of autoimmune aspermatogenic orchitis (AIAO) was studied in guinea pigs.Niridazole administration before, during, or three days after alloimmunization with sperm cells emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) produced slight changes in some correlates of cell‐mediated immunity. No significant changes in humoral immunity or testicular histopathology can be observed at these periods.When Niridazole was administered ten days after alloimmunization, a significant inhibition of all manifestations of cell‐mediated immunity against spermatozoa was observed. Thirty days after alloimmunization, half of the animals studied failed to develop significant histopathological changes in testis or epididymis. However, the titer of cytotoxic antibodies to testicular cells increased from threefold to fourfold, when compared to those of alloimmunized animals not receiving Niridazole.The critical period for cell interactions concerned with the full expression of AIAO was found to be between ten and fifteen days after alloimmunization.
Allogeneic Responses In Vitro Induced by Fetomaternal Alloimmunization*
Authors: GENETET N. , GENETET B. , AMICE V. , FAUCHET R. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: The present study was undertaken in order to determine what type(s) of pregnancy‐induced allogeneic reaction could alter MLC (mixed lymphocyte culture) reactivity in routine HLA‐D typing of lymphocytes in multi‐parous women (MW) possessing antibodies against paternal HLA‐DR antigens.Unresponsiveness to homozygous typing cells (HTC) representing a paternal and probably fetal HLA‐DR determinant was frequently observed.Kinetics experiments ruled out an early secondary proliferative response to HTC representing the paternal HLA‐D determinant, which would be missed in a classical long‐term mixed lymphocyte culture. Direct cytotoxicity against paternal or panel target cells was not always associated with inhibition of proliferative response to the same stimulator cell. Specific anti‐HLA‐DR blocking activity (antibodies?) in the supernates of restimulation reactions of lymphocytes from MW could be responsible for this inhibitory effect.Moreover, the study points to the existence of suppressor cells in the immunized MW acting independently of specific restimulation.The in vitro suppression appeared to be selective, restricted to cells sharing HLA‐D linked structures with the suppressor cells, and suggests that auto‐regulator mechanisms could be induced in pregnancy in order to modulate antibody production.
Partial Characterization of Serum Suppressor Factors in Patients With Cervical Squamous Carcinoma
Authors: DINI MORTEZA M. , FAIFERMAN ISIDORO 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: A cell‐mediated cytotoxicity system was used to characterize the suppressor factors in sera from patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.The immunoglobulin‐M fraction of the sera of 17 patients with different stages of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, separated by Sephadex gel filtration, were tested. All showed marked cytotoxic suppressor activity, including two cases in which sera showed only mild activity.The immunoglobulin‐G fraction of sera from 13 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix was separated by ion exchange chromatography. The cytotoxic suppressor activity of the immunoglobulin‐G fraction proved to be comparable in effect to that of the whole sera.By using increasing dilutions of IgG and IgM fractions, it could be demonstrated that IgM fraction retained its activity at 0.01 ± 0.005 mg/ml whereas IgG fraction was devoid of activity at this concentration, suggesting that these two immunoglobulin fractions act independently.It is suggested that the cytotoxic suppressor activity in sera from patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix resides in the gamma globulin fraction and that both immunoglobulin‐M and immunoglobulin‐G of their sera manifest the cytotoxic suppressor activity independently.
Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): I. Production, Specificity, and Intramolecular Binding Sites*
Authors: KOFLER REINHARD , BERGER PETER , WICK GEORG 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: Thirty‐nine monoclonal antibody (MCA) producing hybridoma cell lines derived from fusions of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have been established. Their products have been tested in radioimmunoassays using 125I‐labeled hCG, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), the alpha (α) and beta (β) subunits of hCG and LH, and the C‐terminal peptide 109–145 (CTP) of CG. All MCA were, in addition, tested in indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on paraffin sections of human pituitary glands.According to the intramolecular localization of the determinants recognized, three main groups of MCA can be distinguished: 1) MCA directed against epitopes on the β‐chain (α‐MCA), 2) MCA directed against (β‐chain determinants (β‐MCA), and 3) MCA reacting with a conformational determinant only present on the native hormone and not on either subunit (con‐formational‐MCA). All α‐MCA cross‐react with human LH, FSH, and TSH. The β‐MCA do not react with FSH or TSH, but do react to a varying degree with LH. The conformational‐MCA show no binding of labeled FSH or TSH and very little or no cross‐reactivity with LH.
The Antigenic Mucin‐Like Glycoproteins of Human Seminal Plasma*
Authors: TORTORELLA HELEN , JOSEFINA M. , DE CEREZO SCACCIATI , MAZZINI MARÍA N. , CEREZO ALBERTO S. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: Immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation analysis, and gel permeation chromatography in chaotropic and detergent mediums showed that the human seminal plasma obtained and stored in the usual way is mainly composed by heterodispersed glycoproteins of low molecular weight.The glycoprotein components of the human seminal plasma which do not interact specifically with concanavalin A (con A) were separated by column chromatography on Con A‐Sepharose according to nonspecificion exchange and hydrophobic interactions with the protein.The carbohydrate composition of the glycoproteins and the existence of the N‐acetylgalactosaminylserine (or threonine) linkage, as well as their aggregation properties show that they are mucin‐type glycoproteins.They resulted “immunologically pure’ although the carbohydrate chains show the structural heterodispersion usually found in mucins.The glycoproteins have a common structural pattern for the terminal nonreducing, determinant‐bearing sequences oftheir oligosaccharide chains which, together with the low molecular weights and the known fact that mucus secretions of normal cells contain only one or two types of glycoproteins, suggest that they are fragments produced by endogenous proteolytic degradation of a native mucin.
Functional Heterogeneity of Sialic Acid Binding Agglutinins of Rat Uteri Towards In Vitro Lymphocyte Transformation
Authors: BHATTACHARYYA INDRANI , MANDAL CHITRA , CHOWDHURY IDULA 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: The sialic acid binding agglutinins (SAS) are purified from three different stages (proestrus [P], estrus [E], diestrus [D]) of rat uterine homogenate. All three proteins are capable of inhibiting the in vitro phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐induced blastogenic response of lymphocytes and thymocytes as manifested by inhibition of 3H‐thymidine incorporation into cells. The lymphocytes isolated from pregnant female rats were found to be more susceptible to inhibition. In resting lymphocyte cultures (RLC), however, the P‐and E‐SAS proteins acted differently from the D‐SAS by stimulating lymphocyte proliferation in the cultures initiated from normal rat lymphocytes. At the same dose these proteins were inhibitory to the RLC, where cultured lymphocytes were isolated from the pregnant female. Reverse hemolytic plaque formation assay results also indicated functional heterogeneity between these proteins. P‐SAS induced a potent polyclonal activation of the B cell, whereas E‐ and D‐SAS did not show much activation. SAS proteins do not have any complement‐like activity.These results, corroborated by cell viability count and 51Cr uptake tests, suggest that D‐SAS has genuine lymphoblastogenesis‐suppressive properties whereas P‐ and E‐SAS‐induced suppression in the presence of PHA is probably due to an increased cell‐density‐dependent cytotoxicity.
MLR‐Blocking Antibodies Are Directed Against Alloantigens Expressed on Syncytiotrophoblasts
Authors: GOTO SHIGENORI , TAKAKUWA KOICHI , KANAZAWA KOJI , TAKEUCHI SHOSHICHI 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: In this study, the reactivity of mixed lymphocyte reaction‐blocking antibodies toward trophoblasts was investigated. Nineteen sera that had a significant level of MLR‐blocking effect were obtained from normal pregnant women and from primary habitual aborters after immunotherapy. The blocking effects of these sera were studied before and after absorption with syncytiotrophoblast plasma membrane (STPM) from the respective mothers' placenta (autologous) as an experimental group and from unrelated mothers' placenta (allogeneic) as a control. The HLA types of cord blood lymphocytes corresponding to ten of these STPM were then determined.In the study with the 11 normal pregnancy sera, the blocking effect of every serum was partially removed by autologous STPM absorption. This revealed a significant difference between the preabsorption and postabsorption MLR‐blocking effect. Nevertheless, absorption by the allogeneic STPM either partially removed or did not remove the blocking effect. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference in the elimination of the MLR‐blocking effect between the autologous STPM and the allogeneic STPM. Studies with the sera from the immunized aborters revealed similar results. There was no statistically significant difference in the elimination of the antibodies between absorption with autologous and with allogeneic STPM. In these habitual aborters' sera, comparison of paternal stimulator and cord blood lymphocytes HLA types showed that the positive allogeneic STPM absorptions could not be explained sufficiently by coincidence of HLA types. Further studies are needed to determine whether the alloantigens are HLA‐linked or not.
HLA Expression on Human Ejaculated Sperm
Authors: OHASHI KAZUTOMO , SAJI FUMITAKA , KATO MUNEHIRO , WAKIMOTO AKINORI , TANIZAWA OSAMU 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: The expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) on human ejaculated sperm has been investigated by using cellular binding radioimmunoassay (CB‐RIA) with sperm samples purified by Percoll discontinuous gradient and monoclonal antibodies specific to the frame work of HLA molecules. The results in packed sperm obtained from ten healthy males indicated that HLA class II and its subclasses, DP, DQ, and DR, were expressed at a low level on human ejaculated sperm, while HLA class I was not detected. Furthermore, we could not detect the individual variation of HLA expression on ejaculated sperm in the cases of twenty healthy males.K562, which is B lymphoid cell line and lacks HLA class I molecules, showed detectable amounts of HLA class I molecules after exposure to interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) and/or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). However, the treatment of sperm with IFN‐γ and/or TNF‐α had no effect on the expression of HLA class I and class II molecules.
Anti‐idiotypic IgM Antibodies to Anti‐HLA Class I Antibodies in Habitual Abortion
Authors: BEHAR ESTHER , CARP HOWARD , LIVNEH AVI , GAZIT EPHRAIM 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT: In order to investigate the role of the idiotypic network in miscarriages, sera from 28 habitually aborting women undergoing paternal leukocyte immunization were studied for the presence of HLA antibodies and related anti‐idiotypes. Sixty‐eight percent of sera from preimmunized patients which did not contain anti‐lymphocyte antibodies inhibited the activity of antibodies to the HLA class I antigens expressed by the spouse.This inhibitory activity could be assigned to IgM antibodies, which cross‐inhibit antibodies of similar specificity. This suggests that they are antiidiotypes for the binding site of HLA antibodies. Immune sera of successfully treated patients exhibited both cytotoxic IgG anti‐HLA antibodies and inhibitory IgM anti‐idiotypic antibodies. A possible role for an intact idiotypic network in maintaining pregnancy is suggested.