bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration HTL-Free all inorganic mixed halide perovskite solar cells: effects of 4-ADPA passivation
Authors: Kaur Navdeep , Pandey Rahul , Madan Jaya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The incredible PV performance of thin-film perovskite solar cells has garnered the attention of researchers. Mixed halide perovskite outweighs pure halide perovskite in its ability to optimize PV performance while performing material composition engineering. All inorganic mixed halide (AIMH) perovskite CsPbI2Br has shown stable performance against thermal variations. This study mainly highlights the performance of HTL (Hole transport layer) free, passivated solar cell structure with utilization of the SCAPS-1D simulator. The inclusion of passivation layer 4-ADPA(4-aminodiphenylamine) between active layer CsPbI2Br and the end electrode mitigates the occurrence of charge carrier recombination. The thickness of passivation layer 4-ADPA is optimized for the range 100 nm–1000 nm, and 100 nm is decided as the optimum width based on the evaluated PV performance of SnO2/CsPbI2Br/4-ADPA/anode. 4-ADPA layer with an optimum thickness of 100 nm, is embedded with a CsPbI2Br layer, and the performance of solar cell has been investigated under the collective impact of BDD (bulk defect density)/thickness of CsPbI2Br for the range (1012 cm−3 to 1018 cm−3)/(50 nm to 500 nm) respectively. Further, this study investigated the capacitance–voltage (C-V), Mott—Schottky (1/C2), and Nyquist plot (C-F) performance of solar cells under the influence of only BDD for two cell configurations (corresponding to maximum and minimum delivered PCE i.e., thickness/BDD is 200 nm/1012 cm−3 and 500 nm/1018 cm−3 respectively). The highest 13.27% of PCE is extracted from HTL-free, 4-ADPA passivated all inorganic PSC, at 200 nm/1012 cm−3 of thickness/BDD respectively. This technique encourages researchers to explore more cost-effective, HTL-free passivated solar cell structures.
Energy and time characterization of the newly acquired clover detector in Jordan
Authors: Ababneh E , Qbelat A S , Imran M MA , Al-Bashaish S R , Okoor S , Darabee A , Mousa M S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive overview of the Balqarad clover detector acquired by Al-Balqa Applied University in Jordan is given in detail. The detector consists of four high-purity germanium crystals, accompanied by a composite scintillation active shield. Through meticulous testing involving a range of radioactive sources such as 137Cs, 60Co, and 241Am, we evaluate the performance of the clover detector. The associated digital data acquisition system incorporates specialized and unconventional time registers, operating in event-by-event mode. Our objective is to elucidate the energy and time characteristics exhibited by the new system under different operational modes, employing specifically designed offline software. Our findings encompass vital aspects. These aspects include the determination of the optimal time window value for processing data obtained from gamma detection measurements. Another issue that has been considered is the analysis of hit pattern distribution within each individual crystal. Additionally, we calculate the addback factor for the 60Co source, accounting for gamma energies of 1173 keV and 1332 keV while also considering the influence of time window increment.
Hamiltonian formulation of linear non-Hermitian systems
Authors: Zhang Qi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the case of a linear non-Hermitian system, I prove that it's possible to construct a Hamiltonian in such a way that the equations governing the non-Hermitian system can be exactly expressed using Hamilton's canonical equations. Initially, I demonstrate this within the discrete representation framework and subsequently extend it to continuous representation. Through this formulation employing the Hamiltonian, I can pinpoint a conserved charge using Noether's theorem and identify adiabatic invariants. When this approach is applied to Hermitian systems, all the obtained results converge to the well-known outcomes associated with the Schrödinger equation.
Isomeric effects on the electron impact scattering for selected five membered heterocyclic ring molecules
Authors: Jani Tejas , Vinodkumar P C , Vinodkumar Minaxi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present electron scattering cross-sectional data for selected isomers of the five-membered ring molecules, specifically oxazole and isoxazole, thiazole and isothiazole, and imidazole and pyrazole. The ab-initio R-matrix method, incorporating static exchange polarization approximations, is employed for this calculation from energy range 0.1 eV to 20 eV. Three shape resonances are identified and characterized in each system, consisting of two π* and one σ* shape resonances. Notably, thiazole and isothiazole exhibit additional σ* resonance which is which is at a lower energy than other σ* resonance. The calculated resonance positions align well with available experimental as well as theoretical data. We also performed electronic structure calculations to aid in characterization of resonances. Comparison of the scattering cross-sectional data with their respective isomers reveal marginal differences in the magnitude of the elastic cross section particularly below 1 eV. This discrepancy may be attributed to variations in the long-range electronic dipole contribution to the electron-molecule interaction process. Further, to understand dependency of dipole moment on elastic cross section, we performed a fitting procedure for the elastic cross sections at 0.1 eV with square of the dipole moment of all the five membered ring molecules studied here. The fitting formula so obtained was used to estimate the cross section for other three five membered ring molecules: Furan, Thiophene and Pyrrole. Additionally, total ionization cross sections are computed using the binary-encounter-Bethe (BEB) model, demonstrating nearly identical results when compared with their isomers. Our findings offer insights into the influence of structural changes on the electron scattering data, providing guidance for other theoretical investigations.
Autonomous three-dimensional oscillator with two and four wings attractors embedded in the microcontroller: analysis, amplitude controls, random number generator, and image encryption application
Authors: Alexander Prasina , Emin Berkay , Ngongiah Isidore Komofor , Sekhar D Chandra , Akgül Akif 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Robust chaotic systems offer unpredictability, complex dynamics, noise-like properties, efficient bifurcation behavior, and the ability to model real-world phenomena, making them valuable in diverse scientific and engineering applications. This paper details on the dynamical appraisal, amplitude controls, microcontroller execution, Random number generator (RNG) of an autonomous three-dimensional (3D) oscillator with two and four wings attractors (ATDOTFWA), and its image encryption application. Thanks to the Routh-Hurwitz criteria, five steady states found in the ATDOTFWA are classified as stable or unstable, depending on its two control parameters. During the numerical simulations employing the Runge–Kutta scheme, the ATDOTFWA exhibit a wide range of dynamic behaviors, including no oscillations, Hopf bifurcation, limit cycle, five distinct presentations of two wings chaotic structures, monostable and bistable two wings chaotic structures, bistable and monostable regular oscillations, chaotic bursting characteristics, coexistence of period-2-oscillations and four wings chaotic structure, and four wings chaotic attractor which were validated experimentally by the microcontroller implementation. The total and partial controls of the amplitude are achieved in the ATDOTFWA. A RNG is designed based on the ATDOTFWA, and the generated random numbers are successfully tested using the ENT and NIST 800–22 statistical test suites, demonstrating the reliability of the ATDOTFWA-based RNG. This reliability is further confirmed through the application of the ATDOTFWA-based RNG in an efficient and secure image encryption process, where the generated random numbers are used as the encryption key. The effectiveness of the image encryption process is validated through comprehensive cryptanalysis, with an encryption time of 0.1923 s for a 512×512 image, an average normalized pixel change rate (NPCR) of 99.6126%, an average unified average changing intensity (UACI) of 33.4578%, and an average information entropy of 7.9994.
Testing secret interaction with astrophysical neutrino point sources
Authors: Döring Christian , Vogl Stefan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recently, the IceCube collaboration observed a neutrino excess in the direction of NGC 1068 with high statistical significance.
This constitutes the second detection of an astrophysical neutrino point source after the discovery of a variable emission originating from the blazar TXS 0506+056. Neutrinos emitted by these sources traverse huge, well-determined distances on their way to Earth. This makes them a promising tool to test new physics in the neutrino sector. We consider secret interactions with the cosmic neutrino background and discuss their impact on the flux of neutrino point sources. The observation of emission from NGC 1068 and TXS 0506+056 can then be used to put
limits on the strength of the interaction. We find that our ignorance of the absolute neutrino masses has a strong impact and, therefore, we present limits in two benchmark scenarios with the sum of the neutrino masses around their lower and upper limits.
Limits on non-relativistic matter during Big-bang nucleosynthesis
Authors: Yeh Tsung-Han , Olive Keith A. , Fields Brian D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBig-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) probes the cosmic mass-energy density at temperatures ∼ 10 MeV to ∼ 100 keV. Here, we consider the effect of a cosmic matter-like species that is non-relativistic and pressureless during BBN. Such a component must decay; doing so during BBN can alter the baryon-to-photon ratio,η, and the effective number of neutrino species. We use light element abundances and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) constraints onη andNνto place constraints on such a matter component. We find that electromagnetic decays heat the photons relative to neutrinos, and thus dilute the effective number of relativistic species toNeff< 3 for the case of three Standard Model neutrino species. Intriguingly, likelihood results based onPlanckCMB data alone findNν= 2.800 ± 0.294, and when combined with standard BBN and the observations of D and4He giveNν= 2.898 ± 0.141. While both results are consistent with the Standard Model, we find that a nonzero abundance of electromagnetically decaying matter gives a better fit to these results. Our best-fit results are for a matter species that decays entirely electromagnetically with a lifetime τX= 0.89 sec and pre-decay density that is a fractionξ= (ρX/ρrad|10 MeV = 0.0026 of the radiation energy density at 10 MeV; similarly good fits are found over a range whereξτX1/2is constant. On the other hand, decaying matter often spoils the BBN+CMB concordance, and we present limits in the (τX,ξ) plane for both electromagnetic and invisible decays. For dark (invisible) decays, standard BBN (i.e.ξ= 0) supplies the best fit. We end with a brief discussion of the impact of future measurements including CMB-S4.
Constraining primordial non-Gaussianity from large scale structure with the wavelet scattering transform
Authors: Peron Matteo , Jung Gabriel , Liguori Michele , Pietroni Massimo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigate the Wavelet Scattering Transform (WST) as a tool for the study of Primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) in Large Scale Structure (LSS), and compare its performance with that achievable via a joint analysis with power spectrum and bispectrum (P+B). We consider the three main primordial bispectrum shapes — local, equilateral and orthogonal — and produce Fisher forecast for the correspondingfNLamplitude parameters, jointly with standard cosmological parameters. We analyze simulations from the publicly availableQuijoteandQuijote-pngN-body suites, studying both the dark matter and halo fields. We find that the WST outperforms the power spectrum alone on all parameters, both on thefNL's and on cosmological ones. In particular, onfNLlocalfor halos, the improvement is about 27%. When B is combined with P, halo constraints from WST are weaker forfNLlocal(at ∼ 15% level), but stronger forfNLequil(∼ 25%) andfNLortho(∼ 28%). Our results show that WST, both alone and in combination with P+B, can improve the extraction of information on PNG from LSS data over the one attainable by a standard P+B analysis. Moreover, we identify a class of WST in which the origin of the extra information on PNG can be cleanly isolated.
Linear stability of vector Horndeski black holes
Authors: Chen Che-Yu , Felice Antonio De , Tsujikawa Shinji 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHorndeski's vector-tensor (HVT) gravity is described by a Lagrangian in which the field strength fμν=∂μAν-∂νAμ of a vector fieldAμinteracts with a double dual Riemann tensorLμναβin the form βLμναβFμνFαβ, whereβis a constant. In Einstein-Maxwell-HVT theory, there are static and spherically symmetric black hole (BH) solutions with electric or magnetic charges, whose metric components are modified from those in the Reissner-Nordström geometry. The electric-magnetic duality of solutions is broken even at the background level by the nonvanishing coupling constantβ. We compute a second-order action of BH perturbations containing both the odd- and even-parity modes and show that there are four dynamical perturbations arising from the gravitational and vector-field sectors. We derive all the linear stability conditions associated with the absence of ghosts and radial/angular Laplacian instabilities for both the electric and magnetic BHs. These conditions exhibit the difference between the electrically and magnetically charged cases by reflecting the breaking of electric-magnetic duality at the level of perturbations. In particular, the four angular propagation speeds in the large-multipole limit are different from each other for both the electric and magnetic BHs. This suggests the breaking of eikonal correspondence between the peak position of at least one of the potentials of dynamical perturbations and the radius of photon sphere. For the electrically and magnetically charged cases, we elucidate parameter spaces of the HVT coupling and the BH charge in which the BHs without naked singularities are linearly stable.
Solar reflection of dark matter with dark-photon mediators
Authors: Emken Timon , Essig Rouven , Xu Hailin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We consider the scattering of low-mass halo dark-matter particles in the hot plasma of the
Sun, focusing on dark matter that interact with ordinary matter through a dark-photon mediator.
The resulting “solar-reflected” dark matter (SRDM) component contains high-velocity particles,
which significantly extend the sensitivity of terrestrial direct-detection experiments to sub-MeV
dark-matter masses. We use a detailed Monte Carlo simulation to model the propagation and
scattering of dark-matter particles in the Sun, including thermal effects, with special emphasis
on ultralight dark-photon mediators. We study the properties of the SRDM flux, obtain exclusion
limits from various direct-detection experiments, and provide projections for future experiments,
focusing especially on those with silicon and xenon targets. We find that proposed future
experiments with xenon and silicon targets can probe the entire “freeze-in benchmark”, in which
dark matter is coupled to an ultralight dark photon, including dark-matter masses as low as
𝒪(keV). Our simulations and SRDM fluxes are publicly available.
Power scaling of intra-cavity Nd:YAG/LBO laser at 532 nm by birefringence compensation
Authors: Li Shuai , Fang Zijun , Peng Majun , Zhu Zhanda , Lei Hong , Li Qiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We report an effective method to reduce the impact of polarization state changes caused by thermal birefringence in intra-cavity frequency-doubled laser. The laser consists of a diode side pumped Nd:YAG module, an acousto-optic modulator Q-switch, and an LBO crystal used for SHG generation in 532 nm laser. The effect of thermal birefringence originated by the Nd:YAG rod with concave-shape end surfaces on SHG efficiency is compensated by the insertion of a λ/8 plate into the cavity. At the repetition frequency of 9 kHz, the 532 nm laser achieves a maximum output power of 23.8 W, a pulse duration of 60 ns (FWHM), and a beam quality factor of Mx
2
× My
2
= 1.52 × 1.43. Compared with the λ/4 plate and without plate, the maximum average power of the laser with the λ/8 plate has increased by 22.7% and 66.4%, respectively, the beam quality factor has also been greatly improved correspondingly. This method provides a new solution for lasers to compensate thermally induced birefringence.
Numerical comprehensive evaluation of the flow control effect on a circular cylinder with a control rod
Authors: Gong Jiarui , Wang Jiansheng , Liu Xueling , Jiang Haoran 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The drag reduction of the single circular cylinder is achieved by changing the position of an additional control rod in the present work. In order to look for where to place the control rod will help the drag force exerted on the main cylinder surface as little as possible, the additional control rod is arranged at various positions in the downstream region, the upstream region, and the middle region of the single circular cylinder, respectively. The numerical results show that the maximum drag reduction rate of the single circular cylinder can be up to 21.68%. While the additional control rod is located at some specific positions in the flow field, the drag of the single circular cylinder will increase. However, if two bluff bodies (the main circular cylinder and the control rod) are considered as a whole system, due to the extra drag contribution of the control rod, the maximum drag reduction effect of the system is 8.65%. Additionally, the lift exerted on the main cylinder and the control rod has changed a lot due to the interaction between two bluff bodies. Furthermore, the Dynamic Mode Decomposition analysis method is employed to probe the mechanism of drag variation employing the dominant flow modes.
Effect of generalized dimple shape on load-carrying capacity and leakage characteristics of laser surface textured dry gas seal
Authors: Men Ri-Xiu , Liu Chang , Wang Zhen , Wang Shuai , Cao Shu-Qian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A new formula is employed to describe the dimple boundaries by considering edge number, superellipse coefficient, long axis radius and inclined angle, which make it possible to describe the boundaries of more typical dimple patterns by a unifiend equation. A mathematical model for obtaining the pressure distribution of dry gas seal with polygon dimple surface is established. The influence of the key geometrical parameters of polygon dimple on opening force and leakage rate is studied. The optimized geometries of generalized polygon dimple for the maximum opening force are obtained. Results show that an inclined quadrilateral dimple with multi rows in the radial direction presents the largest opening force. The opening forces of the two-sided and quadrilateral dimples with micron-scale are significantly better than that of millimeter apertures, while the opening forces of the triangular, pentagonal and hexagonal dimples with millimeter-scale are larger than that of the micron types. The shape profile parameters, directional parameters and radial dimple number of polygon dimples should be properly designed for excellent LCC and leakage characteristics.
Study on dynamic behavior of atomic diffusion at interface between TiAlN coating and WC matrix
Authors: Fan Yihang , Wang Qingyu , Hao Zhaopeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The molecular dynamics method was used to simulate the dynamic behavior change of atomic diffusion at interface between TiAlN coating and WC matrix in the carbide tool with TiAlN coating. It was determined that the one-way diffusion of C atom to TiAlN coating resulted in serious lattice distortion on the surface. Meanwhile, the whole diffusion process was accompanied by the continuous increase of stress, resulting in gradual deformation of the material. The interface bonding performance also decreases. Then, the surface energy and atomic layer convergence are calculated by the first-principles method. The TiAlN crystal surface is stable at 8 atomic layers, and the WC crystal surface is stable at 6 atomic layers, and then a stable microinterface model can be built. The relaxation processing for the established model was performed to determine the diffusion path of C atom. Then, the energy barrier, adhesion work, interface energy and fracture toughness of different transition state structures in the diffusion path of C atom are calculated, and it is determined that with the deepening of the diffusion of C atom in the coating, the binding ability of the interface of the coating base and the performance of the coating tool are more and more serious damage. Finally, the cutting experiment of TiAlN coated tool is designed. According to the surface topography of TiAlN coated tool in different periods, the simulation and theoretical analysis mentioned above are verified, which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent research on improving the performance of coated tool.
VO2-Based metasurface for dynamically tunable terahertz surface plasmonic waves
Authors: Xu Guanghong , Li Quan , Su Hao , Huang Hai , Wang Shuang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Surface plasmonic waves (SPWs), which propagate along metal-dielectric interfaces, play a pivotal role in various photonic applications such as highly integrated photonic devices, super-resolution imaging, high-sensitivity sensing, on-chip integrated systems, etc. The ability to control the excitation direction of the SPWs is of great importance in these applications. In this work, we propose a terahertz on-chip metasurface device whose SPWs propagation direction can be dynamically tuned at the excitation source by exploiting the vanadium dioxide (VO2). Under circularly polarized light incidence, destructive or constructive interference formed in the subwavelength square ring slit resonators (SRSRs) arrays, resulting in the unidirectional propagation of terahertz SPWs. By adjusting the conductivity of VO2, the flexible control over the propagation direction of SPWs is realized. This approach significantly enhances the level of control compared to previous traditional polarization control method which can only be modulated by the polarization state, marking a notable advancement in the development of functional devices that harness the power of SPWs.
AO-SVM: a machine learning model for predicting water quality in the cauvery river
Authors: J Vellingiri , K Kalaivanan , Shanmugaiah Kaliraj , Shobana Bai Femilda Josephin Joseph 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Water pollution is a significant cause of death globally, resulting in 1.8 million deaths annually due to waterborne diseases. Assessing water quality is a complex process that involves identifying contaminants in water sources and determining whether it is safe for human consumption. In this study, we utilized the Cauvery River dataset to develop a model for evaluating water quality. The aim of our research was to proficiently perform feature selection and classification tasks. We introduced a novel technique called the Aquila Optimization Support Vector Machine (AO-SVM), an advanced and effective machine learning system for predicting water quality. Here SVM is used for the classification, and the Aquila algorithm is used for optimizing SVM. The results show that the proposed method achieved a maximum accuracy rate of 96.3%, an execution time of 0.75 s, a precision of 93.9%, a recall rate of 95.1%, and an F1-Score value of 94.7%. The suggested AO-SVM model outperformed all other existing classification models regarding classification accuracy and other parameters.