bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of ILI following the COVID-19 pandemic in China by using a partial differential equation
Authors: Zhang 张 Xu 栩 , Song 宋 Yu-Rong 玉蓉 , Li 李 Ru-Qi 汝琦 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly disrupted the lives of individuals worldwide. Following the lifting of COVID-19 interventions, there is a heightened risk of future outbreaks from other circulating respiratory infections, such as influenza-like illness (ILI). Accurate prediction models for ILI cases are crucial in enabling governments to implement necessary measures and persuade individuals to adopt personal precautions against the disease. This paper aims to provide a forecasting model for ILI cases with actual cases. We propose a specific model utilizing the partial differential equation (PDE) that will be developed and validated using real-world data obtained from the Chinese National Influenza Center. Our model combines the effects of transboundary spread among regions in China mainland and human activities’ impact on ILI transmission dynamics. The simulated results demonstrate that our model achieves excellent predictive performance. Additionally, relevant factors influencing the dissemination are further examined in our analysis. Furthermore, we investigate the effectiveness of travel restrictions on ILI cases. Results can be used to utilize to mitigate the spread of disease.
Valley switch effect in an α-T3 lattice-based superconducting interferometer
Authors: Wei 魏 Ya-Jun 亚军 , Wang 汪 Jun 军 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Dirac electrons possess a valley degree of freedom, which is currently under investigation as a potential information carrier. We propose an approach to generate and manipulate the valley-switching current (VSC) through Andreev reflection using an interferometer-based superconductor hybrid junction. The interferometer comprises a ring-shaped structure formed by topological kink states in the α-T3 lattice via carefully designed electrostatic potentials. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of achieving a fully polarized VSC in this device without contamination from cotunneling electrons sharing the same valley as the incident electron. Furthermore, we show that control over the fully polarized VSC can be achieved by applying a nonlocal gate voltage or modifying the global parameter α. The former alters the dynamic phase of electrons while the latter provides an α-dependent Berry phase, both directly influencing quantum interference and thereby affecting performance in terms of generating and manipulating VSC, crucial for advancements in valleytronics.
Improving streamflow predictions across CONUS by integrating advanced machine learning models and diverse data
Authors: Tayal Kshitij , Renganathan Arvind , Lu Dan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Accurate streamflow prediction is crucial to understand climate impacts on water resources and develop effective adaption strategies. A global long short-term memory (LSTM) model, using data from multiple basins, can enhance streamflow prediction, yet acquiring detailed basin attributes remains a challenge. To overcome this, we introduce the Geo-vision transformer (ViT)-LSTM model, a novel approach that enriches LSTM predictions by integrating basin attributes derived from remote sensing with a ViT architecture. Applied to 531 basins across the Contiguous United States, our method demonstrated superior prediction accuracy in both temporal and spatiotemporal extrapolation scenarios. Geo-ViT-LSTM marks a significant advancement in land surface modeling, providing a more comprehensive and effective tool for better understanding the environment responses to climate change.
Water usage in cooling systems for electricity production: an event study of retrofitted coal-fired power plants in the United States
Authors: Chi Kate Hua-Ke , McCracken Melissa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Thermoelectric power plants account for approximately 40% of total U.S. water withdrawals each year. In 2022, 48.5 trillion gallons of water were withdrawn for cooling systems in electricity production, of which 962.9 billion gallons of water were consumed and no longer available for downstream use. Conventional steam coal plants, in particular, withdrew 18.3 trillion gallons of water for once-through and recirculating cooling systems in 2022 while contributing to 19.7% of total U.S. net electricity generation. As coal-fueled electricity production becomes less competitive, cases of coal-to-gas retrofits occur to avoid stranded assets. Two retrofitting methods are adopted in practice: coal-fired power plants are repurposed and replaced by natural gas combined-cycle plants, or the boiler of a coal plant is converted to burn natural gas. In this study, we construct panel data and employ an event study framework to examine changes in water withdrawal, water consumption, water discharge, and carbon emissions resulting from coal-to-gas retrofits in the continental United States from 2013 to 2022. Seventeen coal-fired power plants have been replaced with natural gas combined-cycle plants, and 167 coal steam units in 85 plants have undergone coal-to-gas boiler conversions. We find a sharp and sustained reduction in water withdrawal of 40.2–53.9 thousand gallons per megawatt-hour of net electricity produced when a coal plant transitioned to a natural gas combined-cycle plant. Water discharge was also reduced by 30.7 thousand gallons, and carbon emissions decreased by 0.59 short tons per megawatt-hour. Yet, boiler conversion did not lead to statistically significant changes in per megawatt-hour water withdrawal, water consumption, water discharge, or carbon emissions. Spatial assessment further informs resource planning of projected water-stressed regions, as 204.6 gigawatts of coal-fired power plants remain operable in the United States in 2022. Fuel transition should adopt a nexus approach and account for the interdependence between water resources and electricity production to realize sustainable development commitments.
Expanding Access to 3D Technology in Plastic Surgery of the Breast: Validation of the iPhone Against the Vectra H2
Authors: Rudy Hayeem L , Lu Yi-Hsueh , Rothchild Evan , Tepper Oren M , Weichman Katie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The iPhone contains a high-fidelity 3-dimensional (3D) scanner and is widely distributed in the United States. Presently, 3D analysis of the breast necessitates ownership of cost-prohibitive cameras and software packages such as the Vectra (Canfield Scientific Inc., Parsippany, NJ) system.

Objectives
We compared the accuracy of 3D photographs of the breast obtained with the iPhone X 3D scanner (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA) with the Canfield Vectra H2 in an effort to expand access to 3D technology in plastic surgery.

Methods
Twenty breasts (n = 20) were 3D photographed with the iPhone X and the Vectra H2 and compared by colormap analysis and by measuring distances across the models between key anatomical landmarks. These distances included sternal notch to nipple (SN-N), midchest to nipple (M-N), nipple to midinframammary fold (N-IMF), and inframammary fold width (IMF). Statistical tests included the Bland–Altman plot analysis.

Results
When comparing absolute differences in distances between key anatomical landmarks, the average discrepancy in measurements between the iPhone and Vectra image pairs were the following: SN-N: 0.94 mm, M-N: 0.81 mm, N-IMF 0.91 mm, and IMF 0.98 mm. Colormap analysis demonstrated an average error of 1.53 mm, mean of 0.53 mm, and standard deviation of ±1.81 mm. Bland–Altman plot revealed a mean difference of 0.13 mm and an agreement interval between −1.90 and 2.17 mm.

Conclusions
The iPhone is capable of capturing 3D photographs with a high level of fidelity when compared with the Vectra. Three-dimensional scans obtained with the iPhone may be helpful for planning nipple position, measuring the breast footprint, choosing implants, and performing other functions with 3D technology that are typically performed with the more expensive systems.

Level of Evidence: 5
Exposure proximal immune correlates analysis
Authors: Huang Ying , Follmann Dean 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Immune response decays over time, and vaccine-induced protection often wanes. Understanding how vaccine efficacy changes over time is critical to guiding the development and application of vaccines in preventing infectious diseases. The objective of this article is to develop statistical methods that assess the effect of decaying immune responses on the risk of disease and on vaccine efficacy, within the context of Cox regression with sparse sampling of immune responses, in a baseline-naive population. We aim to further disentangle the various aspects of the time-varying vaccine effect, whether direct on disease or mediated through immune responses. Based on time-to-event data from a vaccine efficacy trial and sparse sampling of longitudinal immune responses, we propose a weighted estimated induced likelihood approach that models the longitudinal immune response trajectory and the time to event separately. This approach assesses the effects of the decaying immune response, the peak immune response, and/or the waning vaccine effect on the risk of disease. The proposed method is applicable not only to standard randomized trial designs but also to augmented vaccine trial designs that re-vaccinate uninfected placebo recipients at the end of the standard trial period. We conducted simulation studies to evaluate the performance of our method and applied the method to analyze immune correlates from a phase III SARS-CoV-2 vaccine trial.
Exon 1-targeting miRNA reduces the pathogenic exon 1 HTT protein in Huntington's disease models
Authors: Sogorb-Gonzalez Marina , Landles Christian , Caron Nicholas S , Stam Anouk , Osborne Georgina , Hayden Michael R , Howland David , van Deventer Sander , Bates Gillian P , Vallès Astrid , Evers Melvin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene (HTT) that results in toxic gain of function and cell death. Despite its monogenic cause, the pathogenesis of HD is highly complex, and increasing evidence indicates that, in addition to the full-length (FL) mutant HTT protein, the expanded exon 1 HTT (HTTexon1) protein that is translated from the HTT1a transcript generated by aberrant splicing is prone to aggregate and might contribute to HD pathology. This finding suggests that reducing the expression of HTT1a might achieve a greater therapeutic benefit than targeting only FL mutant HTT. Conversely, strategies that exclusively target FL HTT might not completely prevent the pathogenesis of HD.
We have developed an engineered microRNA targeting the HTT exon 1 sequence (miHTT), delivered via adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (AAV5). The target sequence of miHTT is present in both FL HTT and HTT1a transcripts. Preclinical studies with AAV5-miHTT have demonstrated efficacy in several rodent and large animal models by reducing FL HTT mRNA and protein and rescuing HD-like phenotypes and have been the rationale for phase I/II clinical studies now ongoing in the USA and Europe. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of AAV5-miHTT to reduce the levels of aberrantly spliced HTT1a mRNA and the HTTexon1 protein in the brain of two mouse models of HD (heterozygous zQ175 knock-in mice and humanized Hu128/21 mice).
Polyadenylated HTT1a mRNA and HTTexon1 protein were detected in the striatum and cortex of heterozygous zQ175 knock-in mice, but not in wild-type littermate control mice. Intrastriatal administration of AAV5-miHTT resulted in dose-dependent expression of mature miHTT microRNA in cortical brain regions, accompanied by significant lowering of both FL HTT and HTT1a mRNA expression at 2 months postinjection. Mutant HTT and HTTexon1 protein levels were also significantly reduced in the striatum and cortex of heterozygous zQ175 knock-in mice at 2 months after AAV5-miHTT treatment and in humanized Hu128/21 mice 7 months post-treatment. The effects were confirmed in primary Hu128/21 neuronal cultures.
These results demonstrate that AAV5-miHTT gene therapy is an effective approach to lower both FL HTT and the pathogenic HTTexon1 levels, which could potentially have an additive therapeutic benefit in comparison to other HTT-targeting modalities.
Conceptualizing the carceral state in contemporary India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Mahuya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this article, I explore the extraordinary measures within prison environments in contemporary India that intensify the carceral experience. I use these elements to develop a culturally distinctive theory of the carceral state in India. To analyse questions of community resilience and people’s voices in the face of extensive carceralization, I draw on the work of People’s Union for Democratic Rights (PUDR), a Delhi-based democratic rights organization, and analyse publicly available data on its activities and interventions over the past two decades.
Evaluation of potential alterations related to ADHD in the effective connectivity between the default mode network and cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus, and primary visual cortex
Authors: Ahmadi Amirhossein , Saadatmand Mahdi , Wallois Fabrice 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hyperactivity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) leads to restlessness and impulse-control impairments. Nevertheless, the relation between ADHD symptoms and brain regions interactions remains unclear. We focused on dynamic causal modeling to study the effective connectivity in a fully connected network comprised of four regions of the default mode network (DMN) (linked to response control behaviors) and four other regions with previously-reported structural alterations due to ADHD. Then, via the parametric empirical Bayes analysis, the most significant connections, with the highest correlation to the covariates ADHD/control, age, and sex were extracted. Our results demonstrated a positive correlation between ADHD and effective connectivity between the right cerebellum and three DMN nodes (intrinsically inhibitory connections). Therefore, an increase in the effective connectivity leads to more inhibition imposition from the right cerebellum to DMN that reduces this network activation. The lower DMN activity makes leaving the resting-state easier, which may be involved in the restlessness symptom. Furthermore, our results indicated a negative correlation between age and these connections. We showed that the difference between the average of effective connectivities of ADHD and control groups in the age-range of 7–11 years disappeared after 14 years-old. Therefore, aging tends to alleviate ADHD-specific symptoms.
Haematology and plasma biochemistry reference intervals of Española, San Cristobal and Eastern Santa Cruz Galapagos tortoise species
Authors: Nieto-Claudín Ainoa , Palmer Jamie L , Brenn-White Maris , Esperón Fernando , Deem Sharon L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Normal reference intervals (RI) of hematologic and biochemical parameters are important for assessing and monitoring the health status of captive and free-living chelonians; however, such information is not available for most wildlife species. Giant Galapagos tortoises are one of the most iconic animals on earth and health information can make an important contribution to their conservation and management. This study provides formal RI of haematology and plasma biochemistry parameters and describes cell morphology along with morphometrics of free-living Eastern Santa Cruz (Chelonoidis donfaustoi), Española (Chelonoidis hoodensis) and San Cristóbal tortoises (Chelonoidis chathamensis). We explored differences in blood parameters between sexes, across the tortoise species in this study and with previously published RI of the Western Santa Cruz tortoise (Chelonoidis porteri). Biochemistry parameters of both Santa Cruz species were overall more similar to each other than to Española and San Cristobal tortoises. This research constitutes the first RI for these three Galapagos tortoise species and may be of value for advising captive-breeding and conservation plans. We recommend further research to establish RI in additional tortoise species so we may better understand and interpret haematology and biochemistry parameters as a valuable conservation tool for species of this critically endangered taxon.
Advancing microbiome research through standardized data and metadata collection: introducing the Microbiome Research Data Toolkit
Authors: Zass Lyndon , Mwapagha Lamech M , Louis-Jacques Adetola F , Allali Imane , Mulindwa Julius , Kiran Anmol , Hanachi Mariem , Souiai Oussama , Mulder Nicola , Oduaran Ovokeraye H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Microbiome research has made significant gains with the evolution of sequencing technologies. Ensuring comparability between studies and enhancing the findability, accessibility, interoperability and reproducibility of microbiome data are crucial for maximizing the value of this growing body of research. Addressing the challenges of standardized metadata reporting, collection and curation, the Microbiome Working Group of the Human Hereditary and Health in Africa (H3Africa) consortium aimed to develop a comprehensive solution. In this paper, we present the Microbiome Research Data Toolkit, a versatile tool designed to standardize microbiome research metadata, facilitate MIxS-MIMS and PhenX reporting, standardize prospective collection of participant biological and lifestyle data, and retrospectively harmonize such data. This toolkit enables past, present and future microbiome research endeavors to collaborate effectively, fostering novel collaborations and accelerating knowledge discovery in the field.
Database URL: https://doi.org/10.25375/uct.24218999.v2
Application and implications of radiocarbon dating in forensic case work: when medico-legal significance meets archaeological relevance
Authors: Bertrand Benoit , Clauzel Thibault , Richardin Pascale , Bécart Anne , Morbidelli Philippe , Hédouin Valery , Marques Carina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The estimation of the postmortem interval for skeletal remains is a crucial aspect of forensic anthropology. This paper illustrates the importance of radiocarbon analysis for establishing medico-legal significance and supporting forensic identification, through the analysis of three case studies for which the years of both birth and death were investigated. In Audresselles, Northern France, a partial skull was discovered with no contextual information or identity. Radiocarbon dating yielded an average calibrated calendar age of 4232 BCE (92.5% probability), indicating significant archaeological value but no forensic relevance. In the second case, skeletal remains were found in the flooded underground of a historical fort at Wimereux, Northern France, also with no identity. Radiocarbon dating based on the bomb-pulse curve indicated a calibrated date of death in 1962 CE (37.3% probability) or 1974–1975 CE (58.1% probability), both surpassing the French statute of limitations. Lastly, a skeleton with a suspected identity was discovered near Valenciennes, Northern France, and various biological tissues underwent radiocarbon dating. A bone sample suggested a calibrated date of death of 1998–2002 CE (84.6% probability), differing from a hair sample (2013–2018 CE, 83.3% probability) because of the slower bone tissue remodeling process. DNA analysis confirmed the person’s identity, reported missing a decade prior to the discovery of the remains, following the alignment of the radiocarbon results with the individual’s year of birth based on dental tissues and year of death. These case studies reveal that traditional radiocarbon dating and bomb-pulse dating are essential tools for estimating the postmortem interval, providing mutual benefits for archaeologists, forensic anthropologists, and the criminal justice system.

Key points
Impact of Hospitalizations on Problematic Medication Use Among Community-Dwelling Persons With Dementia
Authors: Deardorff W James , Jing Bocheng , Growdon Matthew E , Blank Leah J , Bongiovanni Tasce , Yaffe Kristine , Boscardin W John , Boockvar Kenneth S , Steinman Michael A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Hospitalizations are frequently disruptive for persons with dementia (PWD) in part due to the use of potentially problematic medications for complications such as delirium, pain, and insomnia. We sought to determine the impact of hospitalizations on problematic medication prescribing in the months following hospitalization.

Methods
We included community-dwelling PWD in the Health and Retirement Study aged ≥66 with a hospitalization from 2008 to 2018. We characterized problematic medications as medications that negatively affect cognition (strongly anticholinergics/sedative-hypnotics), medications from the 2019 Beers criteria, and medications from STOPP-V2. To capture durable changes, we compared problematic medications 4 weeks prehospitalization (baseline) to 4 months posthospitalization period. We used a generalized linear mixed model with Poisson distribution adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity count, prehospital chronic medications, and timepoint.

Results
Among 1 475 PWD, 504 had a qualifying hospitalization (median age 84 (IQR = 79–90), 66% female, 17% Black). There was a small increase in problematic medications from the baseline to posthospitalization timepoint that did not reach statistical significance (adjusted mean 1.28 vs 1.40, difference 0.12 (95% CI −0.03, 0.26), p = .12). Results were consistent across medication domains and certain subgroups. In one prespecified subgroup, individuals on &lt;5 prehospital chronic medications showed a greater increase in posthospital problematic medications compared with those on ≥5 medications (p = .04 for interaction, mean increase from baseline to posthospitalization of 0.25 for those with &lt;5 medications (95% CI 0.05, 0.44) vs. 0.06 (95% CI −0.12, 0.25) for those with ≥5 medications).

Conclusions
Hospitalizations had a small, nonstatistically significant effect on longer-term problematic medication use among PWD.
What is constitutional ideology?
Authors: Barber N W 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Constitutional ideologies shape constitutional discourse, determining, at the extreme, what can and cannot be argued within constitutional institutions, or, more moderately, what can be argued but at a reputational cost. Treating constitutions as ideological devices allows us to construct constitutional models which begin with the standard rule-based account but build on this to show the rules combining to present a picture of reality, a worldview, that those within constitutional institutions are required to embrace. This worldview is dependent upon constitutional rules, but its significance extends beyond them, shaping how members of the state understand the world around them and, just as importantly, how they understand themselves. Constitutional ideology is inherently important, providing a lens through which we can examine the operation of institutions and discourse, but is also a powerful analytical tool that facilitates engagement with questions of citizenship, authority, attachment, and, perhaps most importantly of all, identity. This article provides a model of constitutional ideology, examining the interplay of rules and concepts, and the ways in which ideology structures reasoning. It concludes by outlining the types of ideological rules found in constitutional institutions. Rules relating to causality, end-states and values, empirical propositions (including historical claims), and claims about persons can all form parts of the state’s constitutional ideology.