bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membrane-Stabilizing Agents Improve Quality-of-Life Outcomes for Patients with Lumbar Stenosis
Authors: Bansal Sachin , Lubelski Daniel , Thompson Nicolas R. , Shah Ali A. , Mazanec Daniel J. , Benzel Edward C. , Khalaf Tagreed 
Published: July 2015

Study Design Retrospective cohort controlled study. Objective To determine quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) treated with membrane-stabilizing agents (MSAs). Methods Patients with LSS and concordant neurogenic claudication treated with MSAs ( n = 701) or conservatively without MSAs ( n = 2104) at a single tertiary care hospital were identified. Patient QOL measures (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ9], EuroQOL-5 Dimensions [EQ-5D], Pain Disability Questionnaire [PDQ]) were recorded pretreatment and then 4 months following treatment. Propensity score matching was used to account for baseline demographic differences between the two groups. The primary outcome measure was posttreatment improvement in these QOL measures. Results Patients in both groups had statistically significant improvements in the EQ-5D. However, the EQ-5D improvement in the MSA group was significantly greater than the improvement in the control group (0.11 versus 0.06; p = 0.0494). The EQ-5D change in the MSA group also exceeded the minimum clinically important difference, thereby suggesting a clinical significance. Both groups had significant pre- to posttreatment improvements in PDQ and PHQ-9, but these changes were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that patients with LSS and neurogenic claudication can have greater QOL improvements when treated with MSAs compared with other forms of conservative management without MSAs.
Environmental barriers and enablers to physical activity participation among rural adults: a qualitative study
Authors: Cleland Verity , Hughes Clarissa , Thornton Lukar , Squibb Kathryn , Venn Alison , Ball Kylie 
Published: July 2015

Issue addressedSocial‐ecological models of health behaviour acknowledge environmental influences, but research examining how the environment shapes physical activity in rural settings is limited. This study aimed to explore the environmental factors that act as barriers or facilitators to physical activity participation among rural adults.MethodsForty‐nine adults from three regions of rural Tasmania, Australia, participated in semi‐structured interviews that explored features of the environment that supported or hindered physical activity. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsFour key themes emerged: functionality, diversity, spaces and places for all and realistic expectations. ‘Functionality’ included connectivity with other destinations, distance, safety, continuity, supporting infrastructure and surfacing. While there was limited ‘diversity’ of structured activities and recreational facilities, the importance of easy and convenient access to a natural environment that accommodated physical activity was highlighted. ‘Spaces and places for all’ highlighted the importance of shared‐use areas, particularly those that were family‐ and dog‐friendly. Despite desires for more physical activity opportunities, many participants had ‘realistic expectations’ of what was feasible in rural settings.ConclusionsFunctionality, diversity, spaces and places for all and realistic expectations were identified as considerations important for physical activity among rural adults. Further research using quantitative approaches in larger samples is needed to confirm these findings.
Hostile attributional bias and aggressive behavior in global context
Authors: Dodge Kenneth A. , Malone Patrick S. , Lansford Jennifer E. , Sorbring Emma , Skinner Ann T. , Tapanya Sombat , Tirado Liliana Maria Uribe , Zelli Arnaldo , Alampay Liane Peña , Al-Hassan Suha M. , Bacchini Dario , Bombi Anna Silvia , Bornstein Marc H. , Chang Lei , Deater-Deckard Kirby , Di Giunta Laura , Oburu Paul , Pastorelli Concetta 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Interpersonal conflict and violence occur within and between groups around the world. Although not proving causation, this study is significant because it suggests a key psychological mechanism in children’s chronic aggression that might be targeted for intervention: one’s attribution that a peer is acting with hostile intent. When children attribute hostile intent to peers, they are more likely to predict they would react aggressively than when they attribute benign intent. Differences in this tendency statistically account for differences in future chronic aggressive behavior problems across children, as well as differences in chronic aggressive behavior problem rates across ecological-context groups. Identifying this mechanism could lead to novel interventions, education, and policies that reduce or prevent aggressive behavior.
Functional evolution of new and expanded attention networks in humans
Authors: Patel Gaurav H. , Yang Danica , Jamerson Emery C. , Snyder Lawrence H. , Corbetta Maurizio , Ferrera Vincent P. 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Macaque monkeys are often used as a model for the biological basis of human cognition. However, the two species last shared a common ancestor 25 million years ago, and in the intervening time the brain areas underlying cognition have likely evolved along different paths. We examined the similarities and differences of human and macaque brain areas underlying attention, a core cognitive ability, by recording brain activity while subjects of both species performed the same attention-demanding task. We found fundamental differences in the attention-related brain areas in the two species, including the complete absence, in monkeys, of a ventral-attention network present in humans. These results shed light on the evolution of the unique properties of the human brain.
Mutation-induced protein interaction kinetics changes affect apoptotic network dynamic properties and facilitate oncogenesis
Authors: Zhao Linjie , Sun Tanlin , Pei Jianfeng , Ouyang Qi 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Cancer is highly correlated with somatic mutations. Understanding how mutation induces oncogenesis is an important task in cancer research. We proposed a strategy that combined network-based dynamics modeling with structural-based mutation analysis and molecular dynamics simulation to map cancer-related mutations to network dynamics changes via protein–protein interaction kinetics. This approach identifies the oncogenic role of mutations and subsequently determines the causal mechanism of mutation-induced oncogenesis. This work provides a framework for coupling mutation genotype to tumorigenesis phenotype. It is also a step toward seeking more effective anticancer drug targets in cellular pathways.
Evaporative cooling over the Tibetan Plateau induced by vegetation growth
Authors: Shen Miaogen , Piao Shilong , Jeong Su-Jong , Zhou Liming , Zeng Zhenzhong , Ciais Philippe , Chen Deliang , Huang Mengtian , Jin Chun-Sil , Li Laurent Z. X. , Li Yue , Myneni Ranga B. , Yang Kun , Zhang Gengxin , Zhang Yangjian , Yao Tandong 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Understanding land-surface biophysical feedbacks to the atmosphere is needed if we are to simulate regional climate accurately. In the Arctic, previous studies have shown that enhanced vegetation growth decreases albedo and amplifies warming. In contrast, on the Tibetan Plateau, a statistical model based on in situ observations and decomposition of the surface energy budget suggests that increased vegetation activity may attenuate daytime warming by enhancing evapotranspiration (ET), a cooling process. A regional climate model also simulates daytime cooling when prescribed with increased vegetation activity, but with a magnitude smaller than observed, likely because this model simulates weaker ET enhancement in response to increased vegetation growth.
Matrix cross-linking–mediated mechanotransduction promotes posttraumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Kim Jin-Hong , Lee Gyuseok , Won Yoonkyung , Lee Minju , Kwak Ji-Sun , Chun Churl-Hong , Chun Jang-Soo 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Osteoarthritic cartilage destruction is caused primarily by an imbalance between chondrocyte catabolism and anabolism. Various proinflammatory cytokines that disrupt this metabolic balance during osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis have been identified. Here, in addition to these biochemical pathways, we demonstrate that changes in the biophysical properties of the chondrocyte microenvironment triggered by cartilage matrix cross-linking play a causal role in OA pathogenesis. Two major OA risk factors, aging and mechanical stress, cause matrix stiffening via nonenzymatic and enzymatic collagen cross-linking through the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products and the upregulation of lysyl oxidase, respectively. Data from the current study illustrate the dynamic nature of physical remodeling of cartilage ECM and elucidate the key mechanotransduction pathway regulating chondrocyte metabolism and osteoarthritic cartilage destruction.
High-resolution in vivo imaging of mouse brain through the intact skull
Authors: Park Jung-Hoon , Sun Wei , Cui Meng 
Published: July 2015

SignificanceMultiphoton microscopy has been the gold standard for in vivo deep-tissue imaging. The long laser wavelength suffers less scattering, and the 3D-confined excitation permits the use of scattered signal light, which greatly improves the imaging depth. However, the direct application of this method to highly turbid media has been limited. Here, we present a microscope system demonstrating high resolution in vivo imaging inside highly turbid tissue. We use advanced wavefront correction with an adaptive correction plane-positioning system to compensate high-order aberrations over an extended corrected field of view. Using this technique, we demonstrate submicron-resolution imaging of neural dendrites and microglia dynamics through the intact skulls of adult mice.
Prefrontal neurons encode context-based response execution and inhibition in reward seeking and extinction
Authors: Moorman David E. , Aston-Jones Gary 
Published: July 2015

Significance
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) regulates multiple aspects of behavior. One hypothesis proposes that PFC segregates different functions into specific subregions: dorsal medial PFC [mPFC; prelimbic (PL)] regulates execution of behavior, or “going,” whereas ventral mPFC [infralimbic (IL)] regulates inhibition of behavior, or “stopping.” We demonstrate that neither PL nor IL neurons exhibited signals specifically tied to going or stopping, either during reward seeking or extinction sessions when rats stopped seeking reward. Instead, neurons better represented the outcome based context, firing more strongly for going during reward seeking and for stopping during extinction. The use of contextual information to guide responding is important for maximizing benefits vs. costs and may be a major role of the PFC in optimizing behavior.
Tangential migration of neuronal precursors of glutamatergic neurons in the adult mammalian brain
Authors: Sun Gerald J. , Zhou Yi , Stadel Ryan P. , Moss Jonathan , Yong Jing Hui A. , Ito Shiori , Kawasaki Nicholas K. , Phan Alexander T. , Oh Justin H. , Modak Nikhil , Reed Randall R. , Toni Nicolas , Song Hongjun , Ming Guo-li 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Mammalian brain development is a complex, ordered process whereby newborn neurons follow stereotyped migration modes to organize into specific patterns required for complicated neural circuit formation. Classically, principal excitatory neurons are thought to organize into radial columns that underlie the basic brain circuits, whereas inhibitory neurons disperse tangentially across these columns to modulate the principal circuits. These principles are thought to be fundamental to the genesis of the complex mammalian brain. Surprisingly, we found that precursors for excitatory principal neurons exhibit tangential migration in the adult mammalian brain. Our findings enrich our understanding of neurodevelopment and lay important conceptual groundwork for studies of brain plasticity, disease, and repair.
How osmolytes influence hydrophobic polymer conformations: A unified view from experiment and theory
Authors: Mondal Jagannath , Halverson Duncan , Li Isaac T. S. , Stirnemann Guillaume , Walker Gilbert C. , Berne Bruce J. 
Published: July 2015

SignificanceOsmolytes influence protein structure by either promoting (protecting osmolytes) or disrupting (denaturing osmolytes) the folding process. Current consensus is that protecting osmolytes [trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)] act by being excluded from the protein surface while denaturing osmolytes (urea) bind to it. However there is little knowledge about the molecular mechanism of osmolyte action on hydrophobic macromolecules, which form the core of most proteins. This work, through a combination of single-molecule atomic force microscopy experiments and computer simulations, investigates the collapse behavior of a hydrophobic polymer polystyrene in TMAO and urea. The mechanism of osmolyte action on hydrophobic macromolecules is distinct from that of a protein, but, despite key differences, both mechanisms comply with the standard thermodynamic theory of preferential osmolyte binding.
Counselor Training and Attitudes toward Pharmacotherapies for Opioid use Disorder
Authors: Aletraris Lydia , Edmond Mary Bond , Paino Maria , Fields Dail , Roman Paul M. 
Published: July 2015

Background Methadone and buprenorphine have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), especially when combined with psychosocial treatment. Despite buprenorphine's association with fewer withdrawal symptoms and lessened risk of abuse, compared with methadone, its adoption remains limited. Given the vital role that counselors may play in its successful implementation, their knowledge and perceptions of opioid agonist therapy may be facilitators or barriers to its acceptance. Methods Informed by diffusion theory, the current study examined perceptions of buprenorphine's and methadone's acceptability among 725 counselors employed in a nationally representative sample of substance use disorder treatment centers. First, we provided descriptive statistics about medication diffusion, extent of training received about the medications, and perceptions of acceptability of each medication. Then, we compared acceptability of opioid agonists with other treatment approaches for OUD. Finally, we conducted 2 ordinary least squares regressions to examine counselor acceptability of buprenorphine and of methadone. Results Descriptive statistics suggested that diffusion of information about buprenorphine and methadone was not complete, and training was not extensive for either medication. Counselors reported greater acceptability and training of buprenorphine compared with methadone. Methadone was rated as the least acceptable among all other treatment approaches. Multivariate analyses indicated regional differences, and that medication-specific training, adaptability, and educational attainment were positively related with perceptions of acceptability of either medication, even after controlling for organizational characteristics. Adherence to a 12-step orientation was negatively associated with acceptability. Conclusions Dissemination of information about opioid agonist therapy is occurring. Nevertheless, the fact that 20% of counselors admitted not knowing enough about either buprenorphine's or methadone's effectiveness is surprising in light of the extensive literature documenting their effectiveness. Future research should focus upon different types of training that can inform physicians, counselors, and patients about the use of opioid agonist therapy.
The maximal function and conditional square function control the variation: An elementary proof
Authors: Hughes Kevin , Krause Ben , Trojan Bartosz 
Published: July 2015

In this note we prove the following good-

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inequality, for

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where

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Temporalities
Authors: Dinshaw Carolyn 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A prophecy prompts Margery in The Book of Margery Kempe to visit the grave of her confessor Richard Caister in Norwich. Her extreme devotional style, thrusting her into the immediate reality of the divine now, contrasts with the dry chronological and institutional timekeeping of a priest there. This article examines the clash of temporalities involving Margery Kempe: in her narrative world, Margery inhabits a time zone different from the people around her. It describes Margery’s experience before the pietà in Norwich in the context of history and time, past and present, analyzing mysticism’s problematization of the body in time and exploring the potentials of multiple temporalities of queerness. It discusses the realm of queer history, with Margery Kempe, her first modern editor Hope Emily Allen, and the author as its subjects.
Feeling
Authors: McNamer Sarah 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a surge of interest in emotion as a subject of study across the disciplines. This has generated important interdisciplinary conversations, opening up new methodologies and new fields, including a field with special relevance to medievalists -- the history of emotion. How can specialists in Middle English literature contribute in more visible and fruitful ways to the history of emotion? This article gestures towards some ways of bridging the disciplinary divide between literature and the history of emotion. It advocates an approach that does not dismiss, but embraces, the "literariness" of literature as a site for the making of emotion in history. It invites Middle English scholars to consider literary texts as scripts for the production of feeling, and it explains how the concepts of performance and performativity can generate new ways of thinking about emotion historically. Finally, it illustrates a method for reading Middle English texts as scripts for the making of emotion in history by analyzing two texts, The Wooing of Our Lord and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, in their historical contexts.
Drama as Textual Practice
Authors: Lindenbaum Sheila 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A popular notion in medieval drama study is that plays can be fully accessed only in the moment of performance. This idea has been challenged only recently. This article proposes a somewhat different line of critical enquiry that focuses not on the text’s performative qualities, but on the literate practices set into motion in the text’s articulation and transmission. More specifically, it considers the skills and procedures that are regularly used by trained professionals not only in their ordinary lines of work but also to drama. It looks at the clerk’s job of copying a great London spectacle into the city’s official books while also doing a great deal of creative work, citing a report by John Carpenter about Henry VI’s entry into London as an example. It also examines late medieval English drama in relation to the English liturgy, as exemplified by Resurrection plays. Finally, the article discusses the Terence revival and translation in England.
Gossip and (un) Official Writing
Authors: Phillips Susan E. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the Prologue to the “Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale,” a loyal servant betrays his master’s closely held secrets as he engages in idle talk. Yet much more is at stake in this scene than the damage that a servant’s idle talk can do to his master; for the Canon’s Yeoman’s gossip does not simply divulge the Canon’s shortcomings, it also illuminates how gossip is fundamental to the narrative experimentation at the heart of this tale. Exploring the many different ways in which gossip functions in English culture during the late medieval period, this article reveals that idle talk acts not just as the transgressive speech of the disempowered, but, more centrally, as the discursive tool of ‘official’ culture, deployed by medieval English poets and preachers alike. It considers the consequences of gossip not only for Chaucerian poetics but also for late medieval pastoral literature, arguing that that idle talk is as central to Robert Mannyng’s exemplarity as it is to Chaucer’s narrative experimentation.
The New Woman and Her Ageing Other
Authors: Mangum Teresa 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This essay focuses on the powerful grip anxieties about ageing had on the increasingly diverse field of texts associated with the New Woman. A number of women poets from the period seem uniquely aware of the potential consequences for single women when they transition from being a ‘young person’ to being a spinster. Novelists of the period emphasized effects of ageing not only as a physical phenomenon, but also as an affective, social, economic, and relational influence that affected a character’s identity and options as profoundly as gender and sexuality. Nowhere is the fear of ageing more prominent than in those novels where New Women characters and plots intersect with late nineteenth-century Gothic fiction, whether the Gothic setting is the urban or actual jungle.
Science and Periodicals
Authors: Shuttleworth Sally 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Periodicals offer a wonderful guide to the Victorian age, and to the ways in which science entered into the general culture of the time. This study considers a range of different kinds of periodicals, and the diverse ways in which they engaged with contemporary science. Although evolutionary theory was obviously a significant presence, it formed only one part of a complex picture. In the literary-oriented periodicals, for example, we find particular emphasis placed on the ways in which scientific thinking appeared to intersect with the interests of fiction and poetry, whether in theories of selfhood or personal responsibility, or the relations between science and religion. There was also, more generally, a fascination with new inventions, and the possibilities opened up by new technologies, such as the ingenious suggestion for a ‘whispering machine’. Periodicals offer an intricate picture of a society grappling with rapid social and cultural change, charged with the immediacy which comes from their serial and time-bound nature. In their integration of cutting-edge science with the latest fiction or social commentary they established a model we could do well to emulate.