bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G protein–coupled receptor kinase 2 and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors mediate inflammation‐induced sensitization to excitotoxic neurodegeneration
Authors: Degos Vincent , Peineau Stéphane , Nijboer Cora , Kaindl Angela M. , Sigaut Stéphanie , Favrais Géraldine , Plaisant Frank , Teissier Natacha , Gouadon Elodie , Lombet Alain , Saliba Elie , Collingridge Graham L. , Maze Mervyn , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Heijnen Cobi , Mantz Jean , Kavelaars Annemieke , Gressens Pierre 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveThe concept of inflammation‐induced sensitization is emerging in the field of perinatal brain injury, stroke, Alzheimer disease, and multiple sclerosis. However, mechanisms underpinning this process remain unidentified.MethodsWe combined in vivo systemic lipopolysaccharide‐induced or interleukin (IL)−1β–induced sensitization of neonatal and adult rodent cortical neurons to excitotoxic neurodegeneration with in vitro IL‐1β sensitization of human and rodent neurons to excitotoxic neurodegeneration. Within these inflammation‐induced sensitization models, we assessed metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) signaling and regulation.ResultsWe demonstrate for the first time that group I mGluRs mediate inflammation‐induced sensitization to neuronal excitotoxicity in neonatal and adult neurons across species. Inflammation‐induced G protein–coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) downregulation and genetic deletion of GRK2 mimicked the sensitizing effect of inflammation on excitotoxic neurodegeneration. Thus, we identify GRK2 as a potential molecular link between inflammation and mGluR‐mediated sensitization.InterpretationCollectively, our findings indicate that inflammation‐induced sensitization is universal across species and ages and that group I mGluRs and GRK2 represent new avenues for neuroprotection in perinatal and adult neurological disorders. Ann Neurol 2013;73:667–678
Stable isotope ratios of egg albumen of three waterbird species nesting in the Colorado River Delta indicate differences in foraging ground and isotopic niche breadth
Authors: Herzka Sharon Z. , Mellink Eric , Talley Drew M. , Huxel Gary R. , Dayton Paul K. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe Colorado River Delta is one of the most impacted wetland systems in the world and has experienced massive habitat loss owing to severe restrictions in freshwater inflow as a result of dam construction and diversion of water for irrigation. However, the delta still offers nesting and foraging habitats for waterbirds, although the habitats available are highly fragmented and limited.Stable isotope ratio (SIR) analysis was used to assess quantitatively isotopic niche width of gull‐billed terns (Gelochelidon nilotica), laughing gulls (Leucophaeus atricilla) and snowy egrets (Egreta thula) that nest at an inland and coastal location.The variance in carbon and nitrogen SIR of egg albumen indicated that inland colonies have a much broader isotope niche width (range 2.9 to 23.9) than coastal colonies (<0.1 to 1.4).Species‐specific mean albumen δ13C values from inland nests were significantly more depleted in 13C than coastal colonies (−19.5 to −23.1‰ and −10.4 to −14.9‰, respectively). Comparison of albumen δ13C values corrected for trophic fractionation with those of potential prey and primary producers collected at 10 potential foraging grounds indicates that females of the three species that nest in inland colonies did not feed in habitats located in the vicinity of their nesting site, while coastal colonies had distinct isotopic signatures reflecting marine primary production. Inland colonies probably forage in a variety of habitats and for different prey, relying on food webs based mostly on C3 terrestrial plants.Differences in the isotopic composition of eggs from species nesting in the same area and between conspecifics nesting in different habitats indicate that foraging habitats vary substantially, suggesting that feeding varies as a function of local resource availability.These results suggest that a variety of habitat types fulfill the foraging needs of this suite of nesting waterbird species, especially in inland colonies. Since the specific feeding areas of nesting females from the inland colonies have not been identified, protection of the remaining wetlands within the Colorado River Delta is warranted. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geoarchaeological Context of the Motilla de la Vega Site (Spain) Based on Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Authors: Teixidó T. , Artigot E. G. , Peña J. A. , Molina F. , Nájera T. , Carrión F. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTDuring the Bronze Age, the region of La Mancha Occidental (Spain) was occupied by prehistoric settlements in which the protection of basic resources was a primary concern. The structure of these settlements comprised several concentric walls that surrounded conical mounds around 4–10 m high. The Motilla de la Vega is an unexcavated site next to the Azuer River, and is only 4 km from another Bronze Age village, called Motilla del Azuer, which has been subject to systematic archaeological excavations and is the paradigmatic reference for these settlements. As Motilla del Azuer had a well inside its walls and this fort is located in a similar geological setting, it is logical to ask whether Motilla de la Vega also had a well inside its walls, and to determine whether it is possible to extend similar architectonic and social patterns to other settlements that occupied the river valleys of this region. In this study, we used the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method to detect the possible location of a well in Motilla de la Vega. In order to plan appropriate data acquisition, and to evaluate the optimal parameters for processing the field data, we performed a numerical modelling exercise to simulate the likely ERT responses based on the geological information and on the constructive scheme of the excavated well in Motilla del Azuer. Afterwards, we carried out five ERT profiles over the levelled Motilla de la Vega site and some of them have resistive anomalies similar to those that synthetic models predict for a well. Consequently, we propose the existence of a well placed in the eastern side of Motilla de la Vega, with the same relative position as the well of Motilla del Azuer. This has implications for the understanding of other sites in the region. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brief Report: Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Scores Are Elevated and Respond to N‐Acetylcysteine Treatment in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Garcia Ricardo J. , Francis Lisa , Dawood Maha , Lai Zhi‐Wei , Faraone Stephen V. , Perl Andras 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may serve as a marker of neuropsychiatric disease and as a target for N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsThe ADHD Self‐Report Scale (ASRS) was used to assess 49 patients with SLE and 46 matched healthy control subjects. Twenty‐four of the patients with SLE were randomized to receive either placebo, NAC at a dosage of 2.4 gm/day, or NAC at a dosage of 4.8 gm/day. Disease activity was evaluated monthly using the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) index, the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), and the ASRS, before and during the 3‐month treatment period and after a 1‐month washout period.ResultsThe cognitive/inattentive (ASRS part A), hyperactivity/impulsive (ASRS part B), and combined (total) ASRS scores were increased in patients with SLE compared with control subjects (mean ± SEM 17.37 ± 1.03 [P = 3 × 10−7], 14.51 ± 0.89 [P = 2 × 10−4], and 31.92 ± 1.74 [P = 8 × 10−7], respectively, versus 10.41 ± 1.02, 9.61 ± 1.21, and 20.02 ± 1.98, respectively. ASRS part A scores correlated with SLEDAI (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001) and BILAG scores (r = 0.36, P = 0.011). ASRS total scores also correlated with SLEDAI (r = 0.45, P = 0.0009) and BILAG scores (r = 0.31, P = 0.025). ASRS part A (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001), ASRS part B (r = 0.47, P = 0.0006), and ASRS total scores (r = 0.67, P < 0.0001) correlated with the FAS score. Relative to the scores in placebo‐treated patients, ASRS total scores were reduced in SLE patients treated with NAC dosages of 2.4 gm/day and 4.8 gm/day combined (P = 0.037). ASRS part A scores were reduced by NAC dosages of 2.4 gm/day (P = 0.001) and 4.8 gm/day (P < 0.0001) as well as by NAC at dosages of 2.4 gm/day and 4.8 gm/day combined (P = 0.001).ConclusionIn patients with SLE, elevated ASRS scores reveal previously unrecognized and clinically significant symptoms of ADHD that respond to NAC treatment.
Adoptive Transfer of Human Gingiva‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates Collagen‐Induced Arthritis via Suppression of Th1 and Th17 Cells and Enhancement of Regulatory T Cell Differentiation
Authors: Chen Maogen , Su Wenru , Lin Xiaohong , Guo Zhiyong , Wang Julie , Zhang Qunzhou , Brand David , Ryffel Bernhard , Huang Jiefu , Liu Zhongmin , He Xiaoshun , Le Anh D. , Zheng Song Guo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveCurrent approaches offer no cures for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Accumulating evidence has revealed that manipulation of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) may have the potential to control or even prevent RA, but BM‐MSC–based therapy faces many challenges, such as limited cell availability and reduced clinical feasibility. This study in mice with established collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) was undertaken to determine whether substitution of human gingiva‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (G‐MSCs) would significantly improve the therapeutic effects.MethodsCIA was induced in DBA/1J mice by immunization with type II collagen and Freund's complete adjuvant. G‐MSCs were injected intravenously into the mice on day 14 after immunization. In some experiments, intraperitoneal injection of PC61 (anti‐CD25 antibody) was used to deplete Treg cells in arthritic mice.ResultsInfusion of G‐MSCs in DBA/1J mice with CIA significantly reduced the severity of arthritis, decreased the histopathology scores, and down‐regulated the production of inflammatory cytokines (interferon‐γ and interleukin‐17A). Infusion of G‐MSCs also resulted in increased levels of CD4+CD39+FoxP3+ cells in arthritic mice. These increases were noted early after infusion in the spleens and lymph nodes, and later after infusion in the synovial fluid. The FoxP3+ Treg cells that were increased in frequency mainly consisted of Helios‐negative cells. When Treg cells were depleted, infusion of G‐MSCs partially interfered with the progression of CIA. Pretreatment of G‐MSCs with a CD39 or CD73 inhibitor significantly reversed the protective effect of G‐MSCs on CIA.ConclusionThe role of G‐MSCs in controlling the development and severity of CIA mostly depends on CD39/CD73 signals and partially depends on the induction of CD4+CD39+FoxP3+ Treg cells. G‐MSCs provide a promising approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Brief Report: Shortened Telomere Length in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Haque Sahena , Rakieh Chadi , Marriage Fiona , Ho Pauline , Gorodkin Rachel , Teh Lee Suan , Snowden Neil , Day Philip J. R. , Bruce Ian N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivePatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a higher rate of premature death compared to the general population, suggesting a phenotype of premature senescence in SLE. Telomere length can be used to assess overall biologic aging. This study was undertaken to address the hypothesis that patients with SLE have reduced telomere length.MethodsTelomere length was measured cross‐sectionally in whole blood from SLE patients and age‐matched healthy female controls, using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. SLE‐related and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed.ResultsWe compared telomere length in 63 SLE patients and 63 matched controls with a median age of 50.8 years (interquartile range [IQR] 37–59 years) and 49.9 years (IQR 32–60 years), respectively. The median relative telomere length in SLE patients was 0.97 (IQR 0.47–1.57), compared to 1.53 (IQR 0.82–2.29) in controls (P = 0.0008). We then extended our cohort to measure telomere length in 164 SLE patients. Shorter telomere length was associated with Ro antibodies (β ± SE −0.36 ± 0.16; P = 0.023), and longer telomere length was associated with steroid therapy (0.29 ± 0.14; P = 0.046). We also noted an association of longer telomere length with increasing body mass index (β ± SE 0.07 ± 0.01; P < 0.0001) and tobacco smoking (0.64 ± 0.26; P = 0.016), as well as with the presence of carotid plaque (0.203 ± 0.177; P = 0.032).ConclusionTelomere length is shortened in SLE patients compared to controls and does not appear to be a reflection of disease activity or immune cell turnover. Subsets of patients such as those positive for Ro antibodies may be particularly susceptible to premature biologic aging. The predictive value of telomere length as a biomarker of future risk of damage/mortality in SLE requires longitudinal evaluation.
Future GHG emissions more efficiently controlled by land‐use policies than by bioenergy sustainability criteria
Authors: Böttcher Hannes , Frank Stefan , Havlík Petr , Elbersen Berien 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED) targets, implemented to achieve climate change mitigation, affect the level of agricultural production in the EU and in the rest of the world. This article presents an impact assessment of increased biomass supply under different sustainability constraints on land use and resulting total GHG emissions at global and EU level. We apply GLOBIOM, a global partial equilibrium model integrating the agricultural, livestock, bioenergy and forestry sectors based on geographically explicit modeling of supply under prescribed demand. According to the model, global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture and land‐use change (LUC) are anticipated to rise significantly up to 2030 due to various drivers (among others: GDP and population, diet shifts, and also bioenergy demand) despite basic sustainability criteria implemented by the RED (Reference scenario). Applying additional criteria, mainly protecting biodiversity outside the EU, overall GHG emissions can be reduced by 5% in 2030 compared to the Reference. Deforestation area decreases in this scenario slightly due to exclusion of high biodiversity forests but also due to increasing demand for energy wood that makes forests more valuable. If, however, in addition, deforestation is prevented through effective land‐use policies, global GHG emissions can be reduced by 20% (compared to the Reference scenario). We conclude that sustainability criteria applied to biofuel production and imports only, do not mitigate potential negative impacts on total GHG emissions effectively. Unsustainable biomass production in sectors not covered by the bioenergy criteria can be best avoided by targeting deforestation and biodiversity loss directly. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
In Situ Fabrication of Ag/Ag3PO4/Graphene Triple Heterostructure Visible‐Light Photocatalyst through Graphene‐Assisted Reduction Strategy
Authors: Jiang Baojiang , Wang Yanhui , Wang Jian‐Qiang , Tian Chungui , Li Wenjun , Feng Qingmao , Pan Qingjiang , Fu Honggang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe design and architecture of the nanoheterostructure composites was a key aim of material scientists owing to the central role of the composites in the improvement in photogenerated charge separation and quantum efficiency. The Ag/Ag3PO4/graphene triple heterostructure composites were fabricated in situ by the redox reaction between Ag+ and graphene. The structural evolution of these heterostructures was characterized by using XRD and TEM. The XPS and surface photovoltage spectroscopy revealed the photogenerated electron–hole pair’s transmission process within the composites. The Ag/Ag3PO4/graphene triple heterostructure could improve the charge separation rate under visible‐light irradiation. Simultaneously, the photocorrosion phenomenon can be inhibited effectively by the triple heterostructure, which leads to the high structural stability for photocatalysis. Graphene’s fine adsorption performance for O2 and organic pollutants is also an important factor in improving the photocatalytic efficiency. Thus, the novel Ag/Ag3PO4/graphene triple heterostructure demonstrates improved photocatalytic activity and structural stability under visible‐light irradiation. This facile and straightforward method has promising applications in the fabrication of different graphene‐based heterostructure photocatalyses.
Cyclopalladated Arylimine Self‐Assembly Films for Suzuki Reaction
Authors: Zhao Na , Li Tiesheng , Zhai Zhen , Qiu Jingjing , Xu Wenjian , Liu Hui , Wu Yangjie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA series of cyclopalladated arylimine self‐assembly films were prepared through chemical grafting to substrates and used to catalyze a Suzuki coupling reaction. Atomic force microscopy, water contact angle analysis, cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total‐reflectance infrared, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to analyze the morphology and composition of the heterogeneous catalysts. The results show that these cyclopalladated arylimine self‐assembly films immobilized on substrates could be used as efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalysts in the Suzuki reaction of aryl bromides under open air conditions in aqueous solution. These catalysts exhibited 10 times the catalytic performance of the homogeneous counterpart. The palladium catalysts were grafted onto the internal surface of the round‐bottomed flasks. The reaction flasks acted as both reaction vessels and catalysts, which simplified the reaction operations. The catalysts were run over 8 cycles without showing any sign of deactivation, suggesting the potential of the catalysts as advanced functional materials with applications in the heterogeneous catalysis of Suzuki reactions.
Hydrindacene‐Based Acetylenic Macrocycles with Horizontally and Vertically Ordered Functionality Arrays
Authors: Kawai Hidetoshi , Utamura Tatsuya , Motoi Erina , Takahashi Tomoko , Sugino Hiroyoshi , Tamura Manabu , Ohkita Masakazu , Fujiwara Kenshu , Saito Takao , Tsuji Takashi , Suzuki Takanori 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe macrocyclization of 2,6‐diethynyl hydrindacenes (1) with functional groups at mutually perpendicular positions results in the formation of novel macrocycles which, as a result of the hindered rotation of the hydrindacene units, possess directionally persistent peripheral functionalities. The two hydrindacene units in the dimer macrocycle (2) have been shown to interact electronically through their respective butadiyne moieties, whereas the trimer macrocycle (3) demonstrates a moderate degree of geometrical flexibility as a result of the five‐membered hydrindacene rings. In addition, these trimer macrocycles contain a central cavity suitably sized for the inclusion of various solvent molecules. These new macrocycles can be further modified by introducing π‐conjugated side groups, such as styryl and thienyl groups, as well as by attaching a variety of peripheral ester groups.
Reactivity Studies of Iridium Pyridylidenes [TpMe2Ir(C6H5)2(C(CH)3C(R)NH] (R=H, Me, Ph)
Authors: Cristóbal Crispín , Hernández Yohar A. , López‐Serrano Joaquín , Paneque Margarita , Petronilho Ana , Poveda Manuel L. , Salazar Verónica , Vattier Florencia , Álvarez Eleuterio , Maya Celia , Carmona Ernesto 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe reactivity of a series of iridiumpyridylidene complexes with the formula [TpMe2Ir(C6H5)2(C(CH)3C(R)NH] (1 a–1 c) towards a variety of substrates, from small molecules, such as H2, O2, carbon oxides, and formaldehyde, to alkenes and alkynes, is described. Most of the observed reactivity is best explained by invoking 16 e− unsaturated [TpMe2Ir(phenyl)(pyridyl)] intermediates, which behave as internal frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). H2 is heterolytically split to give hydridepyridylidene complexes, whilst CO, CO2, and H2CO provide carbonyl, carbonate, and alkoxide species, respectively. Ethylene and propene form five‐membered metallacycles with an IrCH2CH(R)N (R=H, Me) motif, whereas, in contrast, acetylene affords four‐membered iridacycles with the IrC(CH2)N moiety. C6H5(CO)H and C6H5CCH react with formation of IrC6H5 and IrCCPh bonds and the concomitant elimination of a molecule of pyridine and benzene, respectively. Finally the reactivity of compounds 1 a–1 c against O2 is described. Density functional theory calculations that provide theoretical support for these experimental observations are also reported.
A General Strategy Towards Encapsulation of Nanoparticles in Sandwiched Graphene Sheets and the Synergic Effect on Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Yu , Bai Yuanjuan , Li Xiao , Feng Yangyang , Zhang Huijuan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA novel and universal approach towards the unique encapsulation of nanoparticles in the sandwiched graphene sheets is presented here. In the method, a low‐cost, sustainable and environmentally friendly carbon source, glucose, is firstly applied to yield the high‐quality, uniform and coupled graphene sheets in a large scale, and the pre‐fabricated hydrated nanosheets act as the sacrificial templates to generate the enveloped metallic nanoparticles. After controllable oxidation or removal of the encapsulated nanoparticles, sandwiched nanocomposite with oxidizes nanoparticles encapsulated in graphene sheets or pure phase of sandwich‐like and coupled graphene sheets would be achieved. Moreover, the synergic effect on energy storage via Li‐ion batteries is solidly verified in the Co3O4@graphene nanocomposite. More importantly, the unique structure of the nanoparticles‐encapsulated sandwiched graphene sheets will definitely result in additional applications, such as biosensors, supercapacitors and specific catalyses. These results have enriched the family of graphene‐based materials and recognized some new graphene derivatives, which will be considerably meaningful in chemistry and materials sciences.
Investigation of Binary Diffusion Coefficients in Argon‐Neon Mixtures Using a Loschmidt Cell Combined with Holographic Interferometry
Authors: Kugler Tanja , Rausch Michael Heinrich , Fröba Andreas Paul 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFür Argon/Neon‐Gemische wurden über den gesamten Zusammensetzungsbereich binäre Diffusionskoeffizienten Dij mittels einer Loschmidt‐Zelle bei 293,15 – 333,15 K und 1 – 10 bar bestimmt. Die beiden Halbzellen der Loschmidt‐Zelle wurden vor Beginn der Messungen mit den unterschiedlichen Reingasen befüllt. Nach Verbindung der beiden Halbzellen wurde die Veränderung der partiellen Moldichte bzw. des Brechungsindex als Funktion von Ort und Zeit mittels holografischer Interferometrie detektiert. Die hieraus erhaltenen Daten für Dij zeigen im Vergleich zu Literaturdaten in der oberen Halbzelle systematische Abweichungen. Für die entsprechenden Werte der unteren Halbzelle kann dagegen eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit der Literatur gefunden werden. Das Produkt aus molarer Mischungsdichte und Dij weist im Rahmen der Messunsicherheit keine signifikante Abhängigkeit vom Druck auf.