bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollen Diversity and Volatile Variability of Honey from Corsican Anthyllis hermanniae L. Habitat
Authors: Yang Yin , Battesti Marie‐José , Paolini Julien , Costa Jean 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMelissopalynological, physicochemical, and volatile analyses of 29 samples of Corsican ‘summer maquis’ honey were performed. The pollen spectrum was characterized by a wide diversity of nectariferous and/or polleniferous taxa. The most important were Anthyllis hermanniae and Rubus sp., associated with some endemic taxa. Castanea sativa was also determined in these honeys with a great variation. The volatile fraction was characterized by 37 compounds and dominated by phenolic aldehydes and linear acids. The major compounds were phenylacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and nonanoic acid. Statistical analysis of pollen and volatile data showed that 18 samples were characterized by a high abundance of phenylacetaldehyde, which might relate to the high amount of A. hermanniae and Rubus sp. Eleven other samples displayed a higher proportion of phenolic ketones and linear acids, which characterized the nectar contribution of C. sativa and Thymus herba‐barona, respectively.
Comprehensive Phenological Description of Essential‐Oil Chemotypes of Salvia lavandulifoliaVahl Grown under the Same Environmental Conditions
Authors: Usano‐Alemany Jaime , Palá‐Paúl Jesús , Herráiz‐Peñalver David 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA comprehensive description of diverse essential‐oil chemical profiles was conducted with twelve individual plants of Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl (Spanish sage) gathered from wild populations and grown under identical culture conditions. Whereas the chemical polymorphism within species of aromatic plants is well known, both the statistical significance of the differences in the chemical composition and the setting of chemical profiles have been scarcely studied. Remarkably different essential‐oil chemical profiles were described for the wild‐growing plants, which remained different during the three years of cultivation, even when acute situations of water stress occurred. Different patterns of representative compounds throughout the phenological cycle of the species were also reported, with 1,8‐cineole being the main oil compound described (contents of up to 75.2%). The Mahalanobis distance was used as a separation parameter, to assign a significance level to a single‐compound chemotype. The phytochemical heterogeneity of some wild populations of Spanish sage was proved. Furthermore, some concrete genotypes presented high percentages of the following volatile compounds: limonene, 1,8‐cineole, trans‐caryophyllene, spathulenol, and viridiflorol.
Cytotoxic (9βH)‐Pimarane and (9βH)‐17‐Norpimarane Diterpenes from the Tuber of Icacina trichantha
Authors: Monday Onakpa Michael , Zhao Ming , Gödecke Tanja , Chen Wei‐Lun , Che Chun‐Tao , Santarsiero Bernard D. , Swanson Steven M. , Uzoma Asuzu Isaac 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThree (9βH)‐pimaranes, 1, 2, and 3, and two (9βH)‐17‐norpimaranes, 4 and 5, belonging to a rare compound class in nature, were obtained from the tubers of Icacina trichantha for the first time. Compound 1 is a new natural product, and 2–5 have been previously reported. The structures were elucidated based on NMR and MS data, and optical rotation values. The absolute configurations of (9βH)‐pimaranes were unambiguously established based on X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Full NMR signal assignments for the known compounds 2, 4, and 5, which were not available in previous publications, are also reported. All five isolates displayed cytotoxic activities on MDA‐MB‐435 cells (IC50 0.66–6.44 μM), while 2, 3, and 4 also exhibited cytotoxicities on HT‐29 cells (IC50 3.00–4.94 μM).
π‐Expanded α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Two‐Photon‐Induced Polymerization
Authors: Nazir Rashid , Bourquard Florent , Balčiūnas Evaldas , Smoleń Sabina , Gray David , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Farsari Maria , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA library of π‐expanded α,β‐unsaturated ketones was designed and synthesized. They were prepared by a combination of Wittig reaction, Sonogashira reaction, and aldol condensation. It was further demonstrated that the double aldol condensation can be performed effectively for highly polarized styrene‐ and diphenylacetylene‐derived aldehydes. The strategic placement of two dialkylamino groups at the periphery of D‐π‐A‐π‐D molecules resulted in dyes with excellent solubility. These ketones absorb light in the region 400–550 nm. Many of them display strong solvatochromism so that the emission ranges from 530–580 nm in toluene to the near‐IR region in benzonitrile. Ketones based on cyclobutanone as central moieties display very high fluorescence quantum yields in nonpolar solvents, which decrease drastically in polar media. Photophysical studies of these new functional dyes revealed that they possess an enhanced two‐photon absorption cross section when compared with simpler ketone derivatives. Due to strong polarization of the resulting dyes, values of two‐photon absorption cross sections on the level of 200–300 GM at 800 nm were achieved, and thanks to that as well as the presence of the keto group, these new two‐photon initiators display excellent performance so that the operating region is 5–75 mW in some cases.
Influence of Excited‐State Absorption on Time‐Resolved Luminescence: General Formalism and Application to the Phosphorescence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Palmeira Tiago , Fedorov Alexander , Berberan‐Santos Mário N. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe luminescence decay of a species in an absorbing medium whose optical thickness changes with time, as occurs with triplet–triplet absorption following excitation cut‐off, is studied theoretically and experimentally. A general luminescence decay function based on a distribution of optical thicknesses is presented. A simple decay function previously used empirically is shown to result from an exponential distribution of optical thicknesses. The general approach introduced allows the adequate description of the phosphorescence decays of two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, coronene and triphenylene (normal and perdeuterated forms for both molecules), in polymer films in the presence of excited‐state absorption.
On the Chemistry of Ethanol on Basic Oxides: Revising Mechanisms and Intermediates in the Lebedev and Guerbet reactions
Authors: Chieregato Alessandro , Velasquez Ochoa Juliana , Bandinelli Claudia , Fornasari Giuseppe , Cavani Fabrizio , Mella Massimo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA common way to convert ethanol into chemicals is by upgrading it over oxide catalysts with basic features; this method makes it possible to obtain important chemicals such as 1‐butanol (Guerbet reaction) and 1,3‐butadiene (Lebedev reaction). Despite their long history in chemistry, the details of the close inter‐relationship of these reactions have yet to be discussed properly. Our present study focuses on reactivity tests, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, MS analysis, and theoretical modeling. We used MgO as a reference catalyst with pure basic features to explore ethanol conversion from its very early stages. Based on the obtained results, we formulate a new mechanistic theory able to explain not only our results but also most of the scientific literature on Lebedev and Guerbet chemistry. This provides a rational description of the intermediates shared by the two reaction pathways as well as an innovative perspective on the catalyst requirements to direct the reaction pathway toward 1‐butanol or butadiene.
Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Benzyl Chloride Promoted by Rh–N‐heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts
Authors: Lázaro Guillermo , Polo Víctor , Fernández‐Alvarez Francisco J. , García‐Orduña Pilar , Lahoz Fernando J. , Iglesias Manuel , Pérez‐Torrente Jesús J. , Oro Luis A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe rhodium(I) complexes [Rh(Cl)(COD)(R‐NHC‐(CH2)3Si(OiPr)3)] [COD=cyclooctadiene; R=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl (1 a); n‐butyl (1 b)] are effective catalyst precursors for the homogeneous hydrodechlorination of benzyl chloride using HSiEt3 as hydrogen source. This reaction is selective to the formation of toluene. However, in presence of a stoichiometric amount of potassium tert‐butoxide (KtBuO) the formation of mixtures containing toluene together with 17–19 mol % of the CC homocoupling product, namely PhCH2CH2Ph, is observed. A mechanism proposal based on experimental insights and theoretical calculations at the DFT level that allows explanation of the experimental findings is included. Moreover, the heterogeneous catalytic system based on catalyst 1 a supported on MCM‐41 has been demonstrated to be effective for the solvent‐free hydrodechlorination of benzyl chloride using HSiEt3 and HSiMe(OSiMe3)2.
Influence of Ligand Substitution Pattern on Structure in Cobalt(II) Complexes of Bulky N,N′‐Diarylformamidinate N‐Oxides
Authors: Cibian Mihaela , Langis‐Barsetti Sophie , De Mendonça Fernanda Gomes , Touaibia Sammy , Derossi Sofia , Spasyuk Denis , Hanan Garry S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCobalt(II) complexes of bulky N,N′‐diarylformamidinate N‐oxide ligands were synthesized and structurally characterized. The cobalt(II) bis(chelates) are square‐planar (low spin) in the solid state, according to XRD and magnetic measurements (μeff = 1.8 to 2.1 μB), but show square‐planar (low spin) to tetrahedral (high spin: μeff = 3.5 to 4.7 μB) isomerization in solutions of noncoordinating solvents, as demonstrated by different spectroscopic techniques. The isomerization equilibrium is highly sensitive to the substitution pattern on the ligand due to a combination of steric and electronic influences.
Engineering evaluation of direct methane to methanol conversion
Authors: de Klerk Arno 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInvestigations into direct methane to methanol conversion are justified based on the avoidance of synthesis gas generation, which accounts for around 60% of the capital cost of synthesis gas to methanol conversion. A significant body of information already exists on the process chemistry, but little has been reported on the engineering of such a process. An engineering evaluation of the process was performed and the potential of this process as a platform technology for small‐scale gas‐to‐liquids (GTL) applications was evaluated. It was found that direct methane to methanol conversion had 35% carbon efficiency and 28% thermal efficiency, which were about half of the process efficiencies of indirect methanol synthesis using synthesis gas. The poor process efficiency was mainly a consequence of the irreversible loss of carbon to COx during conversion. The direct methane to methanol process also required an air separation unit, which eroded the stated benefit of avoiding a synthesis gas generation step in the process. The utility footprint was typical of GTL processes, with large gas compression duties and cooling duties. Overall, the engineering evaluation indicated there was no benefit to employ direct methane to methanol conversion instead of indirect methanol synthesis (the industry standard), and there was no specific benefit of direct methane to methanol conversion, irrespective of scale, for GTL applications.
Subcortical intelligence: Caudate volume predicts IQ in healthy adults
Authors: Grazioplene Rachael G. , G. Ryman Sephira , Gray Jeremy R. , Rustichini Aldo , Jung Rex E. , DeYoung Colin G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study examined the association between size of the caudate nuclei and intelligence. Based on the central role of the caudate in learning, as well as neuroimaging studies linking greater caudate volume to better attentional function, verbal ability, and dopamine receptor availability, we hypothesized the existence of a positive association between intelligence and caudate volume in three large independent samples of healthy adults (total N = 517). Regression of IQ onto bilateral caudate volume controlling for age, sex, and total brain volume indicated a significant positive correlation between caudate volume and intelligence, with a comparable magnitude of effect across each of the three samples. No other subcortical structures were independently associated with IQ, suggesting a specific biological link between caudate morphology and intelligence. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1407–1416, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two New Lycodine Alkaloids from Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides
Authors: Wu Ji‐Chun , Wang Qiu‐Yue , Tao Ying‐Jiang , Jiang Jin‐He , Liu Ying , Huang Guo‐Li , Zhan Rui , Liu Bo , Chen Ye‐Gao 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTwo new lycodine alkaloids, 11β‐methoxyhuperzine B (1) and 16‐oxohuperzinine (2), together with seven known ones, huperzinine N‐oxide, huperzine D, casuarinine A, huperzine B, casuarinine B, huperzinine, and N‐methyllycodine, were isolated from whole plants of Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including NMR and MS experiments.
On the Use of a Supramolecular Coarse‐Grained Model for the Solvent in Simulations of the Folding Equilibrium of an Octa‐β‐peptide in MeOH and H2O
Authors: Huang Wei , Hansen Niels , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMolecular dynamics (MD) simulation can give a detailed picture of conformational equilibria of biomolecules, but it is only reliable if the force field used in the simulation is accurate, and the sampling of the conformational space accessible to the biomolecule shows many (un)folding transitions to allow for precise averages of observable quantities. Here, the use of coarse‐grained (CG) solvent MeOH and H2O models to speed up the sampling of the conformational equilibria of an octa‐β‐peptide is investigated. This peptide is thought to predominantly adopt a 314‐helical fold when solvated in MeOH, and a hairpin fold when solvated in H2O on the basis of the NMR data. Various factors such as the chirality of a residue, a force‐field modification for the solute, coarse‐graining of the solvent model, and an extension of the nonbonded interaction cut‐off radius are shown to influence the simulated conformational equilibria and the agreement with the experimental NMR data for the octa‐β‐peptide.
Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 3‐Alkylidene‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐imines through Cyclization of [1‐(2‐Cyanophenyl)alkylidene]aminide Intermediates Generated from the Reaction of 2‐(1‐Azidoalkyl)benzonitriles with NaH
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Ezaki Kosuke , Nozawa Ippei 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA convenient sequence for the preparation of 3‐alkylidene‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐isoindol‐1‐imine derivatives 6 has been developed. Thus, 2‐(1‐azidoalkyl)benzonitriles 2, readily accessible from 2‐alkylbenzonitriles, are allowed to react with NaH in DMF at 0° to room temperature to generate [1‐(2‐cyanophenyl)alkylidene]aminide intermediates 3, of which cyclization and the subsequent rearrangement, followed by alkylation with alkyl halides, affords 2‐substituted 1‐alkylidene‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐isoindol‐2‐imines 6 in generally moderate yields.
Increased corrosion resistance of the AZ80 magnesium alloy by rapid solidification
Authors: Aghion E. , Jan L. , Meshi L. , Goldman J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) and Mg‐alloys are being considered as implantable biometals. Despite their excellent biocompatibility and good mechanical properties, their rapid corrosion is a major impediment precluding their widespread acceptance as implantable biomaterials. Here, we investigate the potential for rapid solidification to increase the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys. To this end, the effect of rapid solidification on the environmental and stress corrosion behavior of the AZ80 Mg alloy vs. its conventionally cast counterpart was evaluated in simulated physiological electrolytes. The microstructural characteristics were examined by optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The corrosion behavior was evaluated by immersion, salt spraying, and potentiodynamic polarization. Stress corrosion resistance was assessed by Slow Strain Rate Testing. The results indicate that the corrosion resistance of rapidly solidified ribbons is significantly improved relative to the conventional cast alloy due to the increased Al content dissolved in the α‐Mg matrix and the correspondingly reduced presence of the β‐phase (Mg17Al12). Unfortunately, extrusion consolidated solidified ribbons exhibited a substantial reduction in the environmental performance and stress corrosion resistance. This was mainly attributed to the detrimental effect of the extrusion process, which enriched the iron impurities and increased the internal stresses by imposing a higher dislocation density. In terms of immersion tests, the average corrosion rate of the rapidly solidified ribbons was <0.4 mm/year compared with ∼2 mm/year for the conventionally cast alloy and 26 mm/year for the rapidly solidified extruded ribbons. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1541–1548, 2015.
Stem Cells for Reutilization in Bone Regeneration
Authors: Im Gun‐Il 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBone is one of the most transplanted tissues. While most bone defects heal spontaneously, critical size defects caused by major trauma/malignant tumor and osteonecrosis of femoral head in young adults pose a great challenge in treatment. While the golden standard in treating bone defects is autologous bone grafting, available bone for grafting is quite limited in an individual. To solve the dilemma, stem cell therapy has been tried as a new modality of treatment in lesions not amenable to autologous bone grafting. While successful results were reported from individual studies, the stem cell therapy is still not an established treatment modality for bone regeneration and needs further assessment. Our focus herein is to introduce stem cell sources that have been investigated so far and review the current status of stem cell reutilization for bone regeneration as well as suggesting future perspectives. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 487–493, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiovascular Complications of Calcium Supplements
Authors: Reid Ian R. , Bristow Sarah M. , Bolland Mark J. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThere is longstanding concern that calcium supplements might increase cardiovascular risk in patients with renal impairment. The Auckland Calcium Study suggested that the same problem occurs in older people taking these supplements for prevention of osteoporosis. Our subsequent meta‐analyses, (which followed protocols finalized before the data was available) confirmed that calcium supplements, with or without vitamin D, adversely affected risk of myocardial infarction and, possibly, stroke. Several groups have re‐visited these data, consistently finding an adverse effect of calcium on myocardial infarction, not always statistically significant because some meta‐analyses have been under‐powered. Whether or not an adverse effect of calcium plus vitamin D on myocardial infarction is found depends on whether two specific groups of subjects are included—those in the Women's Health Initiative who were already taking calcium at the time of randomization, and subjects from an open, cluster‐randomized study in which baseline cardiovascular risk was different between groups. Vitamin D alone does not affect vascular risk, so it is unlikely that differences between calcium alone and calcium plus vitamin D are real, and they are more likely to result from the inclusion of studies at high risk of bias. The mechanisms of the adverse cardiovascular effects are uncertain but may be mediated by the increase in serum calcium following supplement ingestion, and the effects of this on vascular function and coagulation. Available evidence suggests the risks of calcium supplements outweigh any small benefits on fracture incidence, so the case for their use is weak. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 494–501, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Permeability of canine vocal fold lamina propria
Authors: Meyer Jacob P. , Kvit Anton A. , Devine Erin E. , Jiang Jack 
Published: December 2014

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine the permeability of excised canine vocal fold lamina propria.Study DesignBasic science.MethodsVocal folds were excised from canine larynges and mounted within a device to measure the flow of 0.9% saline through the tissue over time. The resultant fluid volume displaced over time was then used in a variation of Darcy's law to calculate the permeability of the tissue. Permeability was found through each anatomical plane of the vocal fold, with five samples per plane. Permeability was also found for lamina propria stretched to 10%, 20%, and 30% of its initial length to determine the effects of tensile strain on permeability, with five samples per level of strain.ResultsPermeability was found to be 1.40 × 10−13 m3s/kg through the sagittal plane, 1.00 × 10−13 m3s/kg through the coronal plane, and 4.02 × 10−13 m3s/kg through the axial plane. It was significantly greater through the axial plane than both the sagittal (P = .025) and coronal (P = .009) planes. Permeability under strain through the sagittal plane was found to be 1.94 × 10−13 m3s/kg under 10% strain, 3.35 × 10−13 m3s/kg under 20% strain, and 4.80 × 10−13 m3s/kg under 30% strain. The permeability significantly increased after 20% strain (P < .05).ConclusionsPermeability in canine vocal fold lamina propria was found to be increased along the anterior‐posterior axis, following the length of the vocal folds. This may influence fluid distribution within the lamina propria during and after vibration. Similarly, permeability increased after 20% strain was imposed on the lamina propria, and may influence vocal fold dynamics during certain phonation tasks.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:941–945, 2015
Aquatic Exercises were Associated with an Acceptable State of Symptoms in Patients with Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: Results from a Study with Interrupted Time‐Series Design
Authors: Christie Anne , Hagen Kåre Birger , Mowinckel Petter , Dagfinrud Hanne 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAim of studyThe aim of this study was two‐fold: to compare symptoms and daily activity in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases across periods with and without aquatic exercises, and to examine whether the patients reached an acceptable state of symptoms during the periods with aquatic exercises.MethodsThirty‐six patients reported pain, fatigue, stiffness and ability to carry out daily activities across periods with and without aquatic exercises. The study has an interrupted time‐series design and variables were collected with text messages on mobile phones twice a week over a period of 35 weeks.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in pain, fatigue, stiffness and enhanced level of daily activity (p > 0.05) during periods of aquatic exercises compared to periods without. Further, a significantly higher proportion of patients reached an acceptable state for both pain and fatigue during periods with aquatic exercises.ConclusionsLiving with an inflammatory rheumatic disease is a lifelong challenge. Pain and fatigue are considered major obstacles for daily functioning and adequate self‐management strategies are requested. Based on the high proportion of patients reporting to be in an acceptable state of both pain and fatigue during periods with aquatic exercises, the intervention should be regarded as an important self‐management tool rather than a treatment option assuming long‐lasting effects. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.