bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tomistyczna a Freudowska koncepcja sumienia
Authors: Jasek Grzegorz 
Published: September 2014

The aim of this paper is to present and confront Thomistic and Freudian theories of conscience despite the essential differences between these two concepts. According to St. Thomas Aquinas conscience is an act of practical reason that recognizes objective moral truth in a receptive way. On the contrary, Sigmund Freud states that conscience is a part of the superego which supervises and controls human behavior taking into consideration changeable ethical norms and values. This paper is an attempt to complete Aquinas’s classical doctrine of conscience with Freud’s contemporary yet controversial psychoanalytic theory of personality, especially in the matter of pathological feeling of guilt.
Estimation of Effective-Fracture Volume Using Water-Flowback and Production Data for Shale-Gas Wells
Authors: Alkouh Ahmad , McKetta Steven , Wattenbarger Robert A 
Published: September 2014

Summary
Primarily, gas-production data are the main tool used to analyze shale-gas reservoirs. Water production is not usually included in the analysis. In this paper, post-fracturing water flowback and long-term water production are added to the analysis. The water data are usually available but are analyzed separately and not combined with long-term gas-production data. In this paper, procedures and examples are presented, including water-flowback and water-production data, in the analysis of shale-gas wells using rate transient analysis. A number of simulation cases were run. Various physical assumptions were used for the saturations and properties that exist in the fracture/matrix system after hydraulic fracturing. Water flowback and long-term production periods were then simulated. The results of these simulations were compared with data from actual wells by use of diagnostic and specialized plots. These comparisons led to certain conclusions which describe well/reservoir conditions after hydraulic fracturing and during production. This paper shows the benefits of a new method for combining water-flowback and long-term water-production data in shale-gas analysis. Water-production analysis can provide effective-fracture volume which was confirmed by the cumulative produced water. This can help when evaluating fracture-stimulation jobs. It also shows some pitfalls of ignoring flowback data. In some cases, the time shift on diagnostic plots changes the apparent flow-regime identification of the early gas-production data as well as water production data. This leads to different models of the fracture/ matrix system. The presented work shows the importance of including water-flowback data in the long-term production analysis.
Association Between Severe Hypoglycemia, Adverse Macrovascular Events, and Inflammation in the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study
Authors: Bedenis Rachel , Price Anna H. , Robertson Christine M. , Morling Jo R. , Frier Brian M. , Strachan Mark W.J. , Price Jackie F. 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVETo determine whether a history of severe hypoglycemia was associated with an increased risk of subsequent macrovascular events in people with type 2 diabetes and to explore possible mediation of this association by inflammation.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA cohort of 1,066 adults aged 60–75 years with type 2 diabetes was evaluated prospectively. Baseline history of severe hypoglycemia and plasma levels of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were recorded. Their association with incident macrovascular events after 4 years was explored.RESULTSAt baseline, 87 participants (8.2%) reported one or more episodes of severe hypoglycemia within the preceding year, and at follow-up 99 participants (9.3%) had suffered a new macrovascular event. Hypoglycemia was associated with increased odds of macrovascular events (odds ratio [OR] 2.11 [95% CI 1.06, 4.21], P = 0.035), including coronary heart events (OR 2.44 [95% CI 1.13, 5.26], P = 0.023), largely due to increased myocardial infarction (OR 4.02 [95% CI 1.54, 10.48], P = 0.004). Hypoglycemia was also associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers, including a general inflammation factor derived using principal-components analysis (P = 0.030, after adjustment for cardiometabolic risk factors). However, the significant association between hypoglycemia and macrovascular events persisted after adjustment for inflammatory markers.CONCLUSIONSThe odds of suffering a macrovascular event were higher in patients with type 2 diabetes who had a history of severe hypoglycemia. There was no evidence that a proinflammatory state had a major role in mediating this association.
Le noyau radical de La « philosophie du nom » d'A.F. Losev
Authors: Gogotishvili Liudmila 
Published: September 2014

Les sources du projet linguistique radical de Losev furent la phénoménologie, le néo-kantisme, le symbolisme et l’onomatodoxie (glorification du nom). Une analyse comparative de leurs points communs (la priorité accordée au sens pur) et de leurs différences (reconnaissance ou non du niveau eidétique du sens pur), conduit à reconstruire et à décrire l’innovation radicale de la philosophie du nom de Losev comme idée de « langue eidétique ». Une telle idée permet notamment de concilier le néokantisme et la phénoménologie, et, plus largement, la philosophie analytique et la phénoménologie post-husserlienne.
Les trajectoires de conversion écologique face aux enjeux économiques et sociaux du « logement durable » en France
Authors: Hamman Philippe , Frank Cécile , Mangold Marie 
Published: September 2014

Cet article interroge les trajectoires de conversion écologique des modes de vie à travers un questionnement du logement en développement durable en France, et retient deux groupes cibles : les jeunes primo-accédants et les séniors, dans trois régions différentes. Par rapport aux programmes immobiliers axés sur le « durable » qui se développent à l’heure actuelle, et mettent fréquemment l’accent sur une dimension technique liée aux économies d’énergie, la recherche révèle la pluralité des dynamiques en jeu, en fonction d’une diversité de critères (matériaux de construction, équipements, évolutivité, esthétique, environnement et cadre de vie…). Ceci montre que le contenu du répertoire du « logement durable », à l’image de celui du développement durable plus largement, ne se réduit pas à un cadre unique et stabilisé.
Accumulation des stocks de carbone dans les sols sous des cultures bioénergétiques de Populus spp., Salix spp. et Panicum Virgatum
Authors: Routhier Martine , Lafleur Benoit , Bélanger Nicolas 
Published: September 2014

À l’échelle mondiale, les sols contiennent environ 2000 Gt de carbone (C). Au cours des derniers siècles, l’aménagement des sols a toutefois contribué à la libération vers l’atmosphère de près de 140 Gt de C. L’établissement de certaines cultures sur des terres marginales pourrait néanmoins réduire le C atmosphérique en l’accumulant dans le sol. Cette étude a pour objectif d’identifier les effets de la texture du sol, de l’affectation historique du territoire et du temps écoulé depuis la mise en culture sur l’accumulation du C organique dans le sol (COS) sous deux espèces ligneuses (Populus spp. et Salix spp.) et une espèce herbacée (P. virgatum). Dans l’ensemble, sur d’assez courtes périodes (moins de 20 ans), nos résultats indiquent que le COS de la majorité des sites sous ces cultures est de 5 à 20 % plus élevé que l’affectation préalable. Sous les cultures d’espèces ligneuses et sous P. virgatum, les sites dont la teneur en argile est >20 % avaient des stocks de COS 10 à 20 % plus élevés que les sites témoins, alors que cette différence s’élevait à environ 5 % pour les cultures dont la teneur des sols en argile est <20 %. Par ailleurs, l’établissement de cultures d’espèces ligneuses sur des terres cultivées et sur des prairies et pâturages a entrainé une augmentation de COS de l’ordre de 4 % et 19 %, respectivement. En ce qui a trait à P. virgatum, son établissement sur des terres cultivées a entrainé une augmentation de COS de 12 %, alors que la conversion à partir de prairies et pâturages a entraîné une augmentation de 5 % seulement. Enfin, l’âge des cultures d’espèces ligneuses a eu peu d’effets sur les stocks de COS, mais les cultures de P. virgatum de <5 ans et >5 ans avaient respectivement des stocks de COS 5 % et 11 % supérieurs aux témoins. Les résultats suggèrent que l’accumulation du C dépend de plusieurs facteurs, dont : (1) les argiles qui favorisent la formation de composés organo-minéraux chimiquement stables qui protègent physiquement le carbone de l’activité bactérienne, (2) le labour du sol sous un régime intensif de cultures annuelles qui peut avoir fait perdre du COS sur plusieurs années, offrant donc un plus grand potentiel d’accumulation par la nouvelle culture, (3) le profil racinaire qui, selon l’espèce, enrichit le sol en C à différentes profondeurs, et (4) la quantité de biomasses produite et la vitesse de ces gains, lesquelles dictent l’importance des flux de C au sol, à court et moyen termes.
Évaluation et risques sanitaires de la bioaccumulation de métaux lourds chez des espèces halieutiques du système lagunaire togolais
Authors: Ouro-Sama Kamilou , Solitoke Hodabalo Dheoulaba , Gnandi Kissao , Afiademanyo Komlan Mawuli , Bowessidjaou Essô Joseph 
Published: September 2014

La bioaccumulation du cadmium, du plomb et de l’arsenic par les poissons et bivalves couramment pêchés dans le système lagunaire togolais a été évaluée afin d’en estimer les risques sanitaires liés à leur consommation. Il ressort des résultats que tous les poissons analysés sont pollués. Les moyennes des teneurs en cadmium (0,33 mg/kg pour Caranx hippos à 0,98 mg/kg pour Hemichromis fasciatus), en plomb (1,17 mg/kg pour Liza falcipinnis à 2,89 mg/kg pour Lutjanus goreensis) et en arsenic (9,41 mg/kg pour C. hippos à 22,54 mg/kg pour Pomadasys jubelini) sont supérieures aux normes fixées par l’OMS. Les Facteurs de Bioconcentration (FBC) varient de 6,94 à 20,36 pour le Cd, de 9,58 à 23,67 pour le Pb et de 2,30 à 5,52 pour l’As. Quant aux bivalves les teneurs moyennes indiquent une forte concentration en Arsenic (56,06 mg/kg pour Senilia senilis et 47,76 mg/kg pour Crassostrea gasar) suivie du plomb (2,83 mg/kg pour S. senilis et 2,95 mg/kg pour C. gasar) et enfin le cadmium (0,97 mg/kg pour S. senilis et 0,83 mg/kg pour C. gasar). Les FBC varient de 16,6 à 19,14 pour le Cd, de 39,86 à 41,55 pour le Pb et de 19,10 à 34,42 pour l’As. En outre, il a été montré que la bioaccumulation de ces trois éléments varie en fonction de l’espèce considérée ainsi que de son habitat. La consommation de ces poissons et bivalves pourrait avoir des impacts négatifs sur la santé humaine en général et celle des enfants en particulier.
Bottom-up impact of soils on the network of soil, plants, and moths (Lepidoptera) in a South Korean temperate forest
Authors: Choi Sei-Woong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe influence of soil properties on the diversity of plants and moths (Lepidoptera) were examined in two South Korean high mountain forest localities (Mount Hallasan and Mount Jirisan) and one seashore mountain forest locality (Mount Seungdalsan). Six sites at each locality were included in the study. Soil physical and chemical properties and plant data were obtained from 20×20 m quadrats at every moth sampling site. Moth community data were obtained from the 18 sites. Stepwise regression analysis identified total tree basal area and tree species richness as significant determinants of moth species richness, and plant diversity index as a significant determinant of moth abundance. Total tree basal area was closely related to organic matter (OM), clay content, NaCl concentration, and pH, and plant diversity was closely related to clay content. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination between plant and moth species across 18 sites and 17 soil variables showed that soil fertility factors (OM, total nitrogen content, and cation exchange capacity) were major variables. Our results indicate that soil, plants, and moths communities in temperate forests form a close, interacting network that is primarily affected by the bottom-up impact of soil fertility.
Semiochemistry and chemical ecology of the emerald ash borerAgrilus planipennis(Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Silk Peter , Ryall Krista 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe emerald ash borer (EAB),Agrilus planipennisFairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a very serious invasive pest in North America, causing extremely high levels of mortality to ash trees (FraxinusLinnaeus, Oleaceae) in the United States of America and Canada. Knowledge of buprestid chemical ecology is sparse, but the appearance of EAB in North America and its devastating ecological and economic impacts, particularly in the urban environment, have provided an opportunity to study the semiochemistry, natural history, and ecology of this buprestid in detail. This review will summarise the chemical ecology of EAB to date, discussing studies on semiochemistry, natural history, and behaviour with respect to host and mate finding that have identified several female-produced pheromone components (contact and sex pheromones), and attractive host kairomones. Earlier reviews focused on studies of attractive host volatiles with respect to development of a trapping system and visual and contact phenomena in EAB mate finding. This has led to the development of an efficient trapping system for EAB, with attempts to optimise the range of variables in trap protocols, combining pheromone components, release rates, and combinations with host kairomones, as well as trap type, placement, height, and colour being taken into account.
Transcription Elongation Factor ELL2 Drives Ig Secretory-Specific mRNA Production and the Unfolded Protein Response
Authors: Park Kyung Soo , Bayles Ian , Szlachta-McGinn Alec , Paul Joshua , Boiko Julie , Santos Patricia , Liu June , Wang Zhou , Borghesi Lisa , Milcarek Christine 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Differentiation of B cells into Ab-secreting cells induces changes in gene transcription, IgH RNA processing, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and cell architecture. The transcription elongation factor eleven nineteen lysine-rich leukemia gene (ELL2) stimulates the processing of the secreted form of the IgH mRNA from the H chain gene. Mice (mus musculus) with the ELL2 gene floxed in either exon 1 or exon 3 were constructed and crossed to CD19-driven cre/CD19+. The B cell–specific ELL2 conditional knockouts (cKOs; ell2loxp/loxp CD19cre/+) exhibit curtailed humoral responses both in 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl–Ficoll and in 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl–keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunized animals; recall responses were also diminished. The number of immature and recirculating B cells in the bone marrow is increased in the cKOs, whereas plasma cells in spleen are reduced relative to control animals. There are fewer IgG1 Ab-producing cells in the bone marrow of cKOs. LPS ex vivo–stimulated B220loCD138+ cells from ELL2-deficient mouse spleens are 4-fold less abundant than from control splenic B cells; have a paucity of secreted IgH; and have distended, abnormal-appearing endoplasmic reticulum. IRE1α is efficiently phosphorylated, but the amounts of Ig κ, ATF6, BiP, Cyclin B2, OcaB (BOB1, Pou2af1), and XBP1 mRNAs, unspliced and spliced, are severely reduced in ELL2-deficient cells. ELL2 enhances the expression of BCMA (also known as Tnfrsf17), which is important for long-term survival. Transcription yields from the cyclin B2 and the canonical UPR promoter elements are upregulated by ELL2 cDNA. Thus, ELL2 is important for many aspects of Ab secretion, XBP1 expression, and the UPR.
Resistance pattern of mupirocin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in trauma patients and comparison between disc diffusion and E-test for better detection of resistance in low resource countries
Authors: Rajkumari Nonika , Mathur Purva , Bhardwaj Nidhi , Gupta Gunjan , Dahiya Rajrani , Behera Bijayini , Misra Mahesh Chandra 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Mupirocin is an effective antibiotic for elimination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from nasal colonization and has been used to control outbreaks. Current reports show an increasing trend of resistance to this antibiotic.
Objective: This study was conducted to analyze the resistance pattern of MRSA to mupirocin among the patients admitted following trauma to an apex trauma care center of India and to compare the efficacy between two methods of antimicrobial sensitivity testing.
Materials and Methods: A total of 150 isolates of MRSA from various clinical samples of trauma patients over a period of 2 years were included in this study. These strains were confirmed for MRSA using VITEK ® 2 Compact and the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute disc diffusion methods. The mupirocin susceptibility of the strains was tested by using E-test and 5 μg mupirocin disc in parallel each time, and the results were compared.
Results: Clear zones of inhibition were observed in both tests. Though, good correlation was observed between the disc diffusion and E-tests in >98%, E-test showed a tendency to show lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the remaining. These finding did not affect the final interpretation or outcomes. Of the total 150 strains, 138 (92%) showed sensitivity with the zone size in the range of 30-45 mm by 5 μg disc; rest (8%) showed sensitivity with the zone in the range of 18-30 mm by 5 μg disc, but 143 (95%) showed MIC ≤ 0.094 μg/ml and 8 (5%) gave MIC ≤ 0.75 μg/ml but ≥0.094 μg/ml by E-test. However, when both tests were compared, 5 (3.3%) showed zone size between 14 and 25 mm with ≤0.75 but >0.25 μg/ml MIC; 7 (5%) falling between 25 and 30 mm zone with MIC of ≤0.25 but >0.094 μg/ml and 138 (92%) showed zone >30 mm with MIC ≤0.094 but >0.064 μg/ml.
Conclusions: All the MRSA isolates in our study were sensitive to mupirocin which is an encouraging finding. Though good screening for sensitivity can be done with 5 μg mupirocin disc, E-test provides a much clear and accurate results in clinical set-up. Hence, disc test can be used in resource poor countries and supplemented with E-test when needed.
Cryoglobulinemia as an Initial Manifestation of Underlying Hematological Malignancy: A Rare Occurrence in India
Authors: Kumar Narender , Das Reena , Chandra Dinesh , Malhotra Pankaj 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTCryoglobulinemias rarely been reported from India even though associated conditions such as hepatitis C infection, rheumatoid arthritis and plasma cell dyscrasias, etc., are common occurrences. In many regions of the country, temperatures in winter can be conducive to the precipitation of cryoglobulins, yet epidemiology of the disease suggests that it is a common condition in the west. We encountered a 68-year-old-male patient who presented with a history of headache off and on along with hepatosplenomegaly. The rare occurrence of cryoglobulinemia in our setting can delay the diagnosis, as happened in our case, since the index of suspicion of clinicians and laboratory personnel is low. We are reporting this case because of the rarity and protean clinical manifestations of cryoglobulinemia.
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Eccrine Spiradenoma of Back: Report of a Rare Case
Authors: Sinha Anuradha , Pal Subrata , Phukan Jyoti Prakash 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTEccrine spiradenoma is an uncommon benign adnexal tumor. Cytological features of eccrine spiradenoma have been described very rarely in English literature. In the present case, we are describing a case of eccrine spiradenoma of back, which was diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology and subsequently confirmed by histopathology. Its cytology revealed tight multilayered clusters of uniform benign cuboidal epithelial cells along with spindle-shaped myoepithelial cells and occasional lymphocytes.
Contribuição do PRONAF para o crescimento das economias locais: Uma análise para o Brasil e Regiões
Authors: Sartor Maria José , Camara Marcia Regina Gabardo da , Nascimento Sidnei Pereira  do , Sato Eder Takeo 
Published: September 2014

O objetivo do artigo é verificar se o PRONAF nos governos FHC e Lula promoveu o crescimento da produção agrícola. A hipótese do estudo é que a política é mais importante no governo Lula, logo busca-se verificar se há aumentos reais nos valores médios por contrato distribuídos no Governo Lula, em comparação com o Governo FHC. Também se analisa o comportamento do PIB agropecuário nas regiões selecionadas, procurando identificar: a) possíveis efeitos do programa sobre e sobre a economia local e b) as políticas adotadas pelos governos para as diferentes regiões do país. Os procedimento metodológicos adotados, via análise econométrica, permitem verificar que durante o Governo Lula, o PRONAF tem maior influência sobre o PIB Agropecuário, entretanto, o PIB Agropecuário teve maior crescimento durante o Governo FHC. Verifica-se que, de forma geral, o PRONAF tem se comportado mais como uma política de distribuição de renda, do que propriamente de fortalecimento da agricultura, não gerando impactos diretos no PIB Agropecuário.
Remotely Activated Mechanotransduction via Magnetic Nanoparticles Promotes Mineralization Synergistically With Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2: Applications for Injectable Cell Therapy
Authors: Henstock James R. , Rotherham Michael , Rashidi Hassan , Shakesheff Kevin M. , El Haj Alicia J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Bone requires dynamic mechanical stimulation to form and maintain functional tissue, yet mechanical stimuli are often lacking in many therapeutic approaches for bone regeneration. Magnetic nanoparticles provide a method for delivering these stimuli by directly targeting cell-surface mechanosensors and transducing forces from an external magnetic field, resulting in remotely controllable mechanotransduction. In this investigation, functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were attached to either the mechanically gated TREK1 K+ channel or the (integrin) RGD-binding domains of human mesenchymal stem cells. These cells were microinjected into an ex vivo chick fetal femur (embryonic day 11) that was cultured organotypically in vitro as a model for endochondral bone formation. An oscillating 25-mT magnetic field delivering a force of 4 pN per nanoparticle directly against the mechanoreceptor induced mechanotransduction in the injected mesenchymal stem cells. It was found that cells that received mechanical stimuli via the nanoparticles mineralized the epiphyseal injection site more extensively than unlabeled control cells. The nanoparticle-tagged cells were also seeded into collagen hydrogels to evaluate osteogenesis in tissue-engineered constructs: in this case, inducing mechanotransduction by targeting TREK1 resulted in a 2.4-fold increase in mineralization and significant increases in matrix density. In both models, the combination of mechanical stimulation and sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) from polymer microspheres showed a significant additive effect on mineralization, increasing the effectiveness of BMP2 delivery and demonstrating that nanoparticle-mediated mechanotransduction can be used synergistically with pharmacological approaches for orthopedic tissue engineering to maximize bone formation.