bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Medical Therapy on Inflammatory Markers of Critically Ill Patients in Intensive Care Unit; Study on Crp and Procalcitonin
Authors: Majid Nurhidayah , Bukhari Agussalim , Taslim Nurpudji A. , Syauki Andi Yasmin , As'ad Suryani , Aminuddin  
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and objectives: Malnutrition is the most frequent complication in critically ill patients which can be characterized by an increase in inflammatory markers, namely CRP and Procalcitonin, which adversely affects patient outcomes. Nutritional therapy plays an important role in the management of critically ill patients. This study aims to determine the relationship of nutritional medical therapy with CRP and Procalcitonin in critically ill patients.
Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort study design on critical patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Teaching Hospital in 2020-2021 as many as 250 subjects who met the inclusion criteria by screening for malnutrition using the m-Nutric score, laboratory examination of CRP and Procalcitonin and getting nutritional medical therapy.
Results: In the variable energy <600 and mNutric low risk of CRP I and II: 127.70±79.01 vs 161.15±131.45 (p=0.655) while Procalcitonin I and II: 27.79±50.51 vs 11.97±17.21 (p=0.054). In the variable energy ≥ 600 kcal mNutric score low risk for CRP I and II: 154.91±108.66 vs 95.74±74 (p=0.009) while Procalcitonin I and II 15.54±39.49 vs 37.64±62.62 (p=0.841). In the variable energy ˂ 600 kcal and mNutric score high risk of CRP I and II 148.50±47.98 vs no value (p = no) while Procalcitonin I and II: 73.01±73.66 vs 20.42±35.19 (p=0.138). In the variable energy ≥ 600 kcal and mNutric score high risk of CRP I and II 120.95±41.64 vs 76.13±21.16 (p=0.109) while Procalcitonin I and II: 58.20±71.87 vs 35.55±50.90 (p=0.011). In the variable of energy ≥ 600 kcal and mNutric score low risk found a statistically significant decrease in CRP levels and mNutric score high risk found a statistically significant decrease in Procalcitonin levels.
Conclusion: There is a relationship between Nutritional Medical Therapy on CRP and Procalcitonin in critically ill patients in the Intensive Care Unit with statistically significant results.
Endogenous knowledge and ethnobotanical importance of Treculia africana Decne. ssp. var. africana in southern Benin (West Africa
Authors: DAVOUDOU Pascaline Sènan , YOKA Joseph , GANGLO Jean Cossi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Treculia africana Decne. is an important food fruit tree encountered in several tropical forests, knowledge of which is being lost in Benin. This study aims to assess the ethnobotanical knowledge of populations living near the forests of southern Benin on the use of T. africana while assessing the distribution of its knowledge within ethnic and religious groups. To achieve this, 339 respondents, randomly chosen according to a "step", were interviewed in all five localities of the study area (Lokoli, Niaouli 1, Niaouli 2, Itchèdè and Toffo). Relative citation frequencies (FRC, %) were calculated to describe the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. The knowledge of local populations and their relationship with the species were determined by calculating four indices, namely the consensus value for the parts of the plant (CPP), the value of the diversity of uses (UD), the value of fairness of use (UE) and consensual value for forms of use (CMU). These data were subjected to PCA, CFA and a generalized linear model (GLM) with fish family and extension. In total, 12 forms of use categorized into seven types of use were reported. The categories of food, medicinal, fodder, medico-magical, wood and energy use are the most cited. The seeds of the species are the organs most used in food; the bark, root, leaves and oil are used to treat various ailments. Knowledge and use values ​​(total, food, medicinal) of the species vary significantly (p < 0.05) between ethnic and religious groups. The Nagot ethnic group as well as the endogenous have a better knowledge of the species compared to other ethnic groups and religions. The reported popular uses offer perspectives for the valuation of the species.
Investigating setting-specific superspreading potential and generation intervals of COVID-19 in Hong Kong
Authors: Cowling Benjamin , Chen Dongxuan , Adam Dillon , Lau Yiu-Chung , Wang Dong , Lim Wey Wen , Ho Faith , Tsang Tim , Lau Eric H. Y. , Wu Peng , Wallinga Jacco , Ali Sheikh Taslim 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Superspreading is an important feature of SARS-CoV-2, though few studies have investigated quantitatively how transmission characteristics can vary by setting. Using detailed clustering data comprising 8635 SARS-CoV-2 cases confirmed in Hong Kong between 2020–2021 and a negative binomial cluster size model, we estimate the mean number of new infections expected in a cluster CZ and the degree of overdispersion (k) by setting. Estimates of CZ ranged between 0.3–6.1 across eight distinct transmission settings. Close-social indoor (e.g. bars and clubs) and elderly care home settings had the highest CZ around 6, meaning for every introduction an average of six new infections is expected. Overdispersion also differed by setting, ranging from extremely heterogeneous (k = 0.05) to less heterogeneous (k = 1), and was highest in retail, close-social indoor, and care homes settings (k < 0.1), where lower values of k indicate higher superspreading potential. We found that the mean generation interval (GI) also varied by setting (range: 4.4–7.2 days), and settings with shorter mean GIs were associated with smaller cluster sizes. Our results explicitly quantify and demonstrate that superspreading potential and transmission parameters such as the GI can vary across settings, which highlights the need of setting-specific interventions for effective outbreak control.
Value-Based Healthcare in practice: IDEATE, a collaboration to design and test an outcomes-based agreement for a medicine in Wales
Authors: J Burton , K Halsby , G Sáinz de la Fuente , J Pearson-Stuttard , R Sloan , T Porter , G John , A Warburton , J Selby , G Povey , M Chowdhury , C Bale , M Davies , E Clifton-Brown , H Laing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To develop a sustainable, scalable methodology for the design of outcome-based agreements (OBAs) that works on the ground and dynamically overcomes historical challenges.
Methods:
Project IDEATE co-created solutions to known (and emergent) challenges via iterative workshops and real-world data analysis to develop and refine a hypothetical model for an OBA in a trusted research environment. A cross-disciplinary collaboration between NHS Wales, industry, and academia was developed. Data were collected from Welsh national datasets and used to inform a novel linked-dataset. OBA scenarios, with different contract parameters, were analysed to assess impact on the proportion of contract payment due and the volatility of payments.
Results:
An approved, in market, locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer treatment was selected as the test case. The total number of patients in the treatment cohort (2017–2020) was n = 99, and 286 in the control cohort (2014–2016). The final outcome variables selected were: 1) 1-year survival, 2) intolerance to treatment (deferral), and 3) the total days disrupted by care. The primary scenario included all three outcomes measured at the population level and used a linear payment model. Volatility analyses demonstrated contract parameters can dramatically alter the contract output with greatest risk from a single, binary outcome contract design.
Conclusions:
The design of an OBA is a complex process that requires a multidisciplinary approach. By better pinpointing which medicines are a good fit for an OBA, assessing solutions to data, outcomes, and contracting challenges, IDEATE provides a strong foundation for future success of OBAs in the UK.
Timed topical dexamethasone eye drops improve mitochondrial function to prevent severe retinopathy of prematurity.
Authors: Yagi Hitomi , Boeck Myriam , Petrishka-Lozenska Mariya , Lundgren Pia , Kasai Taku , Cagnone Gael ,   gael.cagnone.1@gmail.com, Wang Chaomei , Lee Jeff , Tomita Yohei , Singh Sasha A. , Joyal Jean-Sébastien , Aikawa Masanori , Negishi Kazuno , Fu Zhongjie , Hellström Ann , Smith Lois E.H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Pathological neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) can cause visual impairment in preterm infants. Current ROP treatments which are not preventative and only address late neovascular ROP, are costly and can lead to severe complications. We showed that topical 0.1% dexamethasone eye drops administered prior to peak neovessel formation prevented neovascularization in five extremely preterm infants at high risk for ROP and suppressed neovascularization by 30% in mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) modeling ROP. In contrast, in OIR, topical dexamethasone treatment before any neovessel formation had limited efficacy in preventing later neovascularization, while treatment after peak neovessel formation had a non-statistically significant trend to exacerbating disease. Optimally timed topical dexamethasone suppression of neovascularization in OIR was associated with increased retinal mitochondrial gene expression and decreased inflammatory marker expression, predominantly found in immune cells. Blocking mitochondrial ATP synthetase reversed the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on neovascularization in OIR. This study provides new insights into topical steroid effects in retinal neovascularization and into mitochondrial function in phase II ROP, and suggests a simple clinical approach to prevent severe ROP.
Value Chain and Efficiency Analysis of Pangas and Tilapia Marketing in Selected Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Badiuzzaman  , Mandal Anup Kumar , Mandal MA Sattar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This article presents a framework for Pangas and Tilapia supply and value addition in Bangladesh based on different market prices. In this paper, we extend the analysis by assessing the different marketing costs of intermediaries and arathdar commissions. Using stratified random sampling techniques and structured questionnaires with face-to-face interviews, 950 samples were surveyed; these samples were collected from Dhaka, including Gazipur, Mymensingh, Cumilla, Bagura, and Khulna, as well as from Jossore, Chattagram, and Barishal, including Vhola and Dinajpur districts. Few actors are more powerful in relation to the supply chain in Pangas and Tilapia farming, and they earn more profit. The added value of Pangas arathder is Tk. 11017, Tk. 9506 and Tk. 8954 per ton according to the size of the fish, which were above 2 kg, 1-2 kg and less than 1 kg. However, the value added by Pangas wholesaler was Tk 6613. 6859 and Tk. 6292 per ton, which is lower than that of arathdar. The value added by the retailer of Pangas is Tk. 13602, 12067 and 11504 per ton according to the size of the fish, which were greater than 2 kg, 1-2 kg and less than 1 kg, respectively. However, in Tilapia farming, the value added is greater than that of Pangas arathder, which is Tk. 15685, Tk. 10669 and Tk. 8041 per ton according to size of fish. The study also revealed that the value added by Tilapia wholesalers and retailers was greater than that added by Pangas wholesalers and retailers, for which Tk was 10496 and Tk, respectively. 9492 and Tk. 7916 per ton. Because the market price of tilapia is higher than that of Pangas. In the Pangas and Tilapia Value Chain, Farmer > Arathdar > Retailer > Hotel was the most efficient channel, and the least efficient channel was Farmer > Local Wholesaler > Retailer > Final Consumer.
Assessment of the subsurface architecture insights across the Pan African Belt in Northern Cameroon: Applications of 2.75D Geophysical Modelling of Aeromagnetic Data from the Guider-Kaele Area.
Authors: Ngoh Jean Daniel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In this study, aeromagnetic data were used to construct a geological model of the Guider-Kaele area in northwestern Cameroon, which is part of the northern segment of the Pan-African belt in Cameroon. The area is dominated by the Poli and Mangbei lithostratigraphic Groups (Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks and metavolcanic rocks) intruded by late Pan-African granitoids and tertiary ring complexes. For quantitative analysis, 2.75D forward modelling of these magnetic data was performed using Oasis Montaj v. 8.4 along four transects oriented N‒S (two lines), NNE‒SSW and NNW‒SSE.. Well log information, borehole data, geologic maps, previous geophysical studies, and Euler deconvolution depth estimates constrained the models derived. In particular, Euler’s deconvolution estimated the depth to the magnetic sources (faults and some intrusions) in the 0.39 km to 11.44 km range beneath sea level. Furthermore, the proposed geological models highlight a subsurface composed of a volcanic-sedimentary cover overlying a granitic faulted basement, with some igneous intrusions (doleritic dyke swarms and granodiorites) and several troughs filled with volcanic-sedimentary deposits. In addition, these models reveal that the crust is thinning. The presence of a prominent greenschist layer in this area testifies to the thermal history or degree of metamorphism of its bedrock.
Perioperative blood transfusion
Authors: Ali Leen Sheikh , Asfour Fatima Benjamin , Raqamani Najwa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: The practice of transfusion for surgical patients has changed from replacing surgically lost blood with alloplastic transfusions to implementing strategies that reduce transfusion requirements. Although there are numerous and sometimes partially contradictory perioperative transfusion guidelines, implementation of perioperative transfusion guidelines is sometimes difficult due to local differences in clinicians' knowledge and experience and characteristics of surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate perioperative transfusion practices in patients undergoing elective major surgery.
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Damascus Hospital (Al-Mujtahid) in the period between November 2023 and February 2024. The study included patients of the following departments: general surgery, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, and vascular surgery. Patients who underwent selective surgeries before and after surgery were studied, and their number reached 130 patients.
Results: Our study included 148 patients; the percentage of males (60.1%) compared to females (39.9%). The largest age group was “45-69” (43.2%). The most common blood group is O+ (24.3%). More than half of the patients were not taking any medications (55.4%). Medications taken: anti-coagulant (7.4%), blood pressure and diabetes medications (2.7%). Medical history was: diabetes mellitus (8.1), diabetes and hypertension (6.1%). The type of surgery was as follows: orthopedic and general surgery (33.8%) each, neurosurgery (20.3%), and vascular surgery (12.2%). Blood transfusion was more frequent postoperatively (23%), and a higher percentage did not undergo a blood transfusion (27%). Whole blood transfusion was the most widely used strategy, especially in orthopedic surgeries.
Conclusion: We found that approximately 70% of patients who underwent major elective surgery underwent blood transfusions, to a lesser extent, to one or more of its derivatives, and the largest percentage, 23%, underwent blood transfusions postoperatively. Indications for blood transfusion included the hemoglobin threshold and the type of surgery.
Investigation of Hepatitis B Virus in the Body of the Bed Bug Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Fed on Infected Human Blood by RT-PCR Method
Authors: Kiani-Ravesh Narges , Alipour Hamzeh , Kalantari Mohsen , Sarvari Jamal , Shahriari-Namadi M Marziae , Dabaghmanesh Sorena , Moemenbellah-Fard Mohammad Djaefar 
Published: June 2024

Background
Bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are insects found in abundance among urban and rural communities. Both male and female bed bugs thrive on human blood. The main aim of this study was to detect Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in the body of the bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), fed on naturally infected patient blood by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

Methods
In this experiment, C. hemipterus bugs nourished once with HBV-positive blood were examined by RT-PCR at 1, 2, 3, 7- and 10 days post-engorgement. Bloodsucking was performed using an artificial membrane feeding system. RNA was extracted from infected bed bugs, and cDNA was then synthesized to monitor the HBV mRNA.

Results
The RT-PCR test results for infected specimens were positive on the first to third days post-bloodsucking. Moreover, the sample on days 7-10 was negative for HBV. This study also revealed that the breeding of bed bugs under laboratory conditions lasted for one week from the first to fifth nymph stages.

Conclusion
Since HBV mRNA was detected in infected bed bugs until the third-day post-engorgement, it is likely that they potentially transmitted HBV. It is thus indispensable to conduct more thorough research in the future.
Leveraging Machine Learning and Patient Reviews for Developing a Drug Recommendation System to Reduce Medical Errors
Authors: Swain K. P. , Mohapatra S.K. , Ravi Vinayakumar , Nayak Soumya Ranjan , Alahmadi Tahani Jaser , Singh Prabhishek , Diwakar Manoj 
Published: June 2024

Background
In the rapidly evolving pharmaceutical industry, drug efficacy and safety stand as critical concerns. The vast accumulation of data, including customer feedback, drug popularity, and usage details, offers a rich resource for improving healthcare outcomes.

Aims
The primary aim of this study is to harness machine learning and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to sift through extensive pharmaceutical data, identifying the most effective drugs for various conditions and uncovering patterns that could guide better decision-making in drug efficacy and safety.

Objective
This research seeks to construct a sophisticated model capable of analyzing diverse data points to pinpoint the most efficacious drugs for specific health conditions, thereby providing pharmaceutical companies with data-driven insights to optimize drug safety and effectiveness.

Methods
Employing a blend of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning strategies, the study analyzes a comprehensive dataset featuring customer reviews, drug popularity metrics, usage information, and other relevant data collected over an extended period. This methodological approach aims to reveal latent trends and patterns that are crucial for assessing drug performance.

Results
The developed model adeptly identifies leading medications for various conditions, elucidating efficacy and safety profiles derived from patient reviews and drug utilization trends. These findings furnish pharmaceutical companies with actionable intelligence for enhancing drug development and patient care strategies.

Conclusion
The integration of machine learning and NLP for the analysis of vast drug-related datasets presents a powerful method for advancing drug efficacy and safety. The insights yielded by the proposed model significantly empower the decision-making processes of the pharmaceutical industry, ultimately fostering improved health outcomes for patients.
KECAKAPAN DIGITAL: PEMANFAATAN SHOPEE DALAM PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN UMKM SHIROSHIMA INDONESIA PASCA COVID-19
Authors: Nazila Meli Firdausi 
Published: June 2024

Transformasi aktifitas ke media digital di masa pandemi menambah kuantitas pengguna internet di Provinsi DI Yogyakarta. Penambahan kuantitas pengguna internet ini dimanfaatkan oleh UMKM Batik Shiroshima Indonesia untuk memperluas usahanya di era pasca pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengambilan data dengan wawancara dan dokumentasi melalui jurnal, buku, dan sumber berita. Penelitian bertujuan memahami bagaimana pemanfaatan e-commerce Shopee sebagai media promosi online. Teori yang dipakai adalah teori promosi online Kotler dan Amstrong 2017. Pemilihan subyek berupa Shiroshima Indonesia dikarenakan merupakan UMKM yang mengalami tiga fase penjualan yaitu penjualan offline saat pra pandemi, penjualan online saat pandemi serta penjualan online dan offline pasca pandemi. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Shiroshima Indonesia telah memanfaatkan media digital sebagai media penunjang promosi. Shiroshima Indonesia berhasil memasarkan produk batiknya ke 514 kota/kabupaten di Indonesia dan sukses menembus pasar Asia Tenggara dan Eropa. Kontribusi pada riset ini terdapat pada subyek yang diangkat yaitu UMKM Shiroshima Indonesia yang mengalami tiga fase penjualan yaitu penjualan offline (pra pandemi), penjualan online (pandemi), dan penjualan online dan offline (pasca pandemi). Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan wacana bagi pelaku UMKM dalam memaksimalkan penggunaan media digital.Kata kunci: Cakap Digital, UMKM, Promosi Online
LIDERAZGO EN EDUCACIÓN PARVULARIA EN TIEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Silva Vergara Claudia Oriana 
Published: June 2024

La pandemia por el covid-19 permitió visualizar la importancia del Liderazgo educativo y su reactivación en el aula recoge los aprendizajes que la experiencia sanitaria ha dejado, esto lleva a un cambio de paradigma propuesto desde lo vivido en esta crisis, en donde la trasformación es rescatar los saberes acumulados de las comunidades educativas, quienes han impulsado nuevas formas de ejercer la labor pedagógica.
En Educación Parvularia, se relevan las interacciones pedagógicas en el aula como irremplazables y en este sentido un cambio de paradigma es una propuesta sobre cómo se hace y se vive en cada contexto educativo la política pública y el Liderazgo educativo, reconociendo los saberes que cultiva el sistema y potenciarlos. Además, en la educación inicial surge el Marco para la Buena Dirección y Liderazgo en Educación Parvularia, el cual se crea en pandemia, como un marco orientador de prácticas esperadas para la calidad educativa en este nivel, considerando las distintas realidades que suponen desafíos para los equipos directivos, quienes deben incorporar múltiples formas de gestión, tanto en lo administrativo y en lo pedagógico.
Respondiendo a la necesidad de contar con una política educativa que consolide el rol directivo en un mundo globalizado y desafiante, con creciente demanda al respeto por la diversidad y las identidades locales, permitiendo reflexionar acerca el tipo de párvulo a formar, en base a las características propias del nivel educativo y de la primera infancia