bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New paleomagnetic results from Late Ordovician rocks of the Yangtze Block, South China, and their paleogeographic implications
Authors: Han Zhirui , Yang Zhenyu , Tong Yabo , Jing Xianqing 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe paleogeographic relationship between South China and Australia during the Ordovician is important for understanding the configuration of South China in Gondwana. However, high‐quality Ordovician paleomagnetic results for the Yangtze Block are scarce. Here we report the results of a new paleomagnetic study of the Late Ordovician limestones of Wangcang County in the northern Yangtze Block, performed in order to constrain the paleoposition of South China. Two magnetic components were isolated by detailed stepwise thermal demagnetization. The low‐temperature component falls close to the local current Earth's field direction. The site‐mean direction obtained from the high‐temperature component (HTC) carried by magnetite is D/I = 132.6°/−35.2° (α95 = 3.6°) after bedding correction, yielding a paleomagnetic pole at 45.8°S, 191.3°E (dp = 2.4°, dm = 4.2°). The HTC direction passed reversal and fold tests, and its corresponding pole differs from the available paleomagnetic poles since the Silurian of the South China Block. These results suggest that the remanent magnetization was probably acquired during the earliest stage of sedimentation. The high‐temperature component yields a paleolatitude of 19.5°S, implying that the Yangtze Block was at tropic latitudes during the Late Ordovician. These new and reliable paleomagnetic results bridge the Ordovician data gap and favor the proximity between South China and Australia during the Late Ordovician.
The air‐water CO2 exchange of a coastal sea—A sensitivity study on factors that influence the absorption and outgassing of CO2 in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Gustafsson Erik , Omstedt Anders , Gustafsson Bo G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this study, the BALTSEM model is used to estimate how air‐water CO2 fluxes in the Baltic Sea respond to parameterizations of organic alkalinity (Aorg), gas transfer, and phytoplankton growth, and further to changes in river loads. The forcing data include the most complete compilation of Baltic river loads for dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC) and total alkalinity (TA). In addition, we apply the most recent estimates of internal TA generation in the system. Our results clearly demonstrate how air‐water CO2 fluxes of a coastal sea depend on river loads of carbon, TA, and nutrients as well the freshwater import itself. Long‐term changes in DIC loads are shown to be compensated by corresponding changes in air‐water CO2 exchange. By adding Aorg, a discrepancy in the carbonate system calculations was removed, and the simulated net CO2 absorption of the system decreased by 11%. A new parameterization for cyanobacteria growth significantly improved the seasonal development of pCO2 in the central Baltic Sea, although the net effect on CO2 fluxes was below 5%. By applying either a linear, quadratic, or cubic wind speed dependence for gas transfer, the long‐term net CO2 exchange was adjusted by less than 5%. There is no clear indication that any one of these parameterizations provides a more accurate estimate of CO2 fluxes than the other two. Our findings are applicable in other coastal areas that are heavily influenced by river loads of TA, DIC, and DOC.
White water: Fifty years of snow research in WRR and the outlook for the future
Authors: Sturm Matthew 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOver the past 50 years, 239 papers related to snow have been published in Water Resources Research (WRR). Seminal papers on virtually every facet of snow physics and snow water resources have appeared in the journal. These include papers on drifting snow, the snow surface energy balance, the effect of grain size on albedo, chemical elution, water movement through snow, and canopy interception. In particular, papers in WRR have explored the distribution of snow across different landscapes, providing data, process knowledge, and the basis for virtually all of the distributed snow models in use today. In this paper, I review these key contributions and provide some personal thoughts on what is likely to be the focus and nature of papers published in the next few decades, a period that is likely to see an increasing ability to map snow cover in detail, which should serve as a basis for the further development and improvement of snow models. It will also be an uncertain future, with profound changes in snow climatology predicted. I expect WRR will continue to play a key role in documenting and understanding these important cryospheric changes.
Copper‐Promoted Coupling of Carbon Dioxide and Propargylic Alcohols: Expansion of Substrate Scope and Trapping of Vinyl Copper Intermediate
Authors: Ouyang Lu , Tang Xiaodong , He Haitao , Qi Chaorong , Xiong Wenfang , Ren Yanwei , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe have successfully demonstrated that in the presence of N,N‐diisopropylethylamine, copper iodide could efficiently catalyze the coupling of internal propargylic alcohols with carbon dioxide to afford the corresponding α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonates in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, we have developed a new and versatile protocol for the chemo‐ and stereoselective synthesis of a wide range of (E)‐α‐iodoalkylidene cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide, propargylic alcohols and potassium iodide using copper salt as the promoter. The process is proposed to proceed through the trapping of the vinyl copper intermediate by in situ generated triiodide ion as electrophile.magnified image
The Precise Synthesis of Phenylene‐Extended Cyclic Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes from Polyarylated [n]Cycloparaphenylenes by the Scholl Reaction
Authors: Quernheim Martin , Golling Florian E. , Zhang Wen , Wagner Manfred , Räder Hans‐Joachim , Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Müllen Klaus 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe longitudinal extension of cycloparaphenylenes (CPP) towards ultrashort carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is essential for the solution based bottom‐up synthesis of CNTs. Herein, the longitudinal extension of the CPP skeleton by the introduction of hexaphenylbenzene units towards polyarylated [n]CPPs is described. Further, the applicability of the Scholl reaction to selectively form graphenic sidewalls is demonstrated. The ring size and substitution patterns of the polyarylated [n]CPPs were varied to overcome strain‐induced side reactions during the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation and cyclic para‐hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene trimers ([3]CHBCs) were selectively obtained. This concept is envisioned as an access to ultrashort carbon nanotubes subject to the condition that further benzene rings with the right connectivity will be inserted.
Development of hierarchical structured carbon nanotube‐nylon nanofiber mats
Authors: Weng Baicheng , Xu Fenghua , Lozano Karen 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTA hierarchical nanofiber (NF) structure featuring carbon nanotubes (CNTs) densely attached on the surface of NFs is presented. Nonwoven NF mats made of Nylon 6 (Nylon) were mass produced using the forcespinning® (FS) technology, followed by depositing functionalized CNTs (f‐CNTs) on the surface of NFs. Strong interfacial adhesion between CNTs and Nylon NFs was developed by the formation of covalent bonds. The morphology, structure, conductivity, and mechanical properties of the developed CNT‐Nylon NFs were analyzed. The hierarchical NFs have a 338% improvement in tensile strength without compromising its strain at break. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of electromagnetic interference (EMI) was recorded to be 30 dB. These promising characteristics endow novel flexible hierarchical NF mats for applications as EMI shielding materials or smart textiles to mention some. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42535.
Assessment of cell proliferation in knitting scaffolds with respect to pore‐size heterogeneity, surface wettability, and surface roughness
Authors: Jo A Ra , Hong Myoung Wha , Cho Yong Sang , Song Ki Myoung , Lee Jun Hee , Sohn Dongwoo , Kim Young‐Yul , Cho Young‐Sam 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, various types of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) knitting scaffolds were fabricated and analyzed to assess the cell‐culturing characteristics of knitting scaffolds with respect to pore‐size heterogeneity, surface wettability, and surface roughness. First, control knitting scaffolds were fabricated using 150‐µm‐diameter PCL monofilaments. Using chloroform and NaOH, PCL knitting scaffolds with varying roughness, pore‐size heterogeneity, and surface wettability were fabricated. Cell‐culture assessments were performed on these six types of PCL knitting scaffolds. Saos‐2 cells were used for cell assessments and cultured for 14 days on each scaffold. Consequently, heterogeneous pore‐size distribution and high surface wettability were found to enhance cell proliferation in knitting scaffolds. In addition, for highly hydrophobic knitting scaffolds exhibiting water contact angles greater than 110 degrees, smaller surface roughness was found to enhance cell proliferation. According to this study, in the case of knitting scaffold, NaOH‐treated knitting scaffold, without any control for the pore‐size homogenization, could be a candidate as the optimal knitting scaffold. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42566.
Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) and 1,2,3‐propanetriol diglycidyl ether incorporated soy protein isolate‐based films
Authors: Xu Fengjuan , Zhang Wei , Zhang Shifeng , Li Li , Li Jianzhang , Zhang Yang 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTNovel biodegradable films were prepared from soy protein isolate (SPI), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), glycerol, and 1,2,3‐propanetriol diglycidyl ether (PTGE). The mechanical, hydrophilic, and compatible properties of the films were investigated. The influence of PTGE as a crosslinker on the properties of the SPI/PVA/PTGE films was examined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical analysis, contact angle measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. XRD and contact angle examination confirmed that the addition of PTGE altered the film microstructure to a crystalline one. The mechanical properties and water resistance of the SPI/PVA/PTGE films increased notably compared with those of the unmodified SPI films. All results indicate that the networks were formed between SPI and PTGE and played an important role in forming a homogeneous structure in the obtained films. The novel biodegradable films provide a convenient and promising way for preparing environmentally friendly film materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42578.
A reproducible and versatile system for the dynamic expansion of human pluripotent stem cells in suspension
Authors: Elanzew Andreas , Sommer Annika , Pusch‐Klein Annette , Brüstle Oliver , Haupt Simone 
Published: June 2015

AbstractReprogramming of patient cells to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) has facilitated in vitro disease modeling studies aiming at deciphering the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to disease pathogenesis and progression. To fully exploit the potential of hiPSC for biomedical applications, technologies that enable the standardized generation and expansion of hiPSC from large numbers of donors are required. Paralleled automated processes for the expansion of hiPSC could provide an opportunity to maximize the generation of hiPSC collections from patient cohorts while minimizing hands‐on time and costs. In order to develop a simple method for the parallel expansion of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) we established a protocol for their cultivation as undifferentiated aggregates in a bench‐top bioreactor system (BioLevitator™). We show that long‐term expansion (10 passages) of hPSCs either in mTeSR or E8 medium preserved a normal karyotype, three‐germ‐layer differentiation potential and high expression of pluripotency‐associated markers. The system enables the expansion from low inoculation densities (0.3 × 105 cells/mL) and provides a simplified, cost‐efficient and time‐saving method for the provision of hiPSC at midi‐scale. Implementation of this protocol in cell production schemes has the potential to advance cell manufacturing in many areas of hiPSC‐based medical research.
Production of farnesene and santalene by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using fed‐batch cultivations with RQ‐controlled feed
Authors: Tippmann Stefan , Scalcinati Gionata , Siewers Verena , Nielsen Jens 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTTerpenes have various applications as fragrances, cosmetics and fuels. One of the most prominent examples is the sesquiterpene farnesene, which can be used as diesel substitute in its hydrogenated form farnesane. Recent metabolic engineering efforts have enabled efficient production of several terpenes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Plant terpene synthases take on an essential function for sesquiterpene production as they catalyze the specific conversion of the universal precursor farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to the sesquiterpene of interest and thereby impose limitations on the overall productivity. Using farnesene as a case study, we chose three terpene synthases with distinct plant origins and compared their applicability for farnesene production in the yeast S. cerevisiae. Differences regarding the efficiency of these enzymes were observed in shake flask cultivation with maximal final titers of 4 mg/L using α‐farnesene synthase from Malus domestica. By employing two existing platform strains optimized for sesquiterpene production, final titers could be raised up 170 mg/L in fed‐batch fermentations with RQ‐controlled exponential feeding. Based on these experiments, the difference between the selected synthases was not significant. Lastly, the same fermentation setup was used to compare these results to production of the fragrance sesquiterpene santalene, and almost equivalent titers were obtained with 163 mg/L, using the highest producing strain expressing a santalene synthase from Clausena lansium. However, a reduction of the product yield on biomass by 50% could indicate a higher catalytic efficiency of the farnesene synthase. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 72–81. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic deletion of the Histone Deacetylase 6 exacerbates selected behavioral deficits in the R6/1 mouse model for Huntington's disease
Authors: Ragot Alienor , Pietropaolo Susanna , Vincent Jean , Delage Pauline , Zhang Hongyu , Allinquant Bernadette , Leinekugel Xavier , Fischer André , Cho Yoon H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe inhibition of the Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) increases tubulin acetylation, thus stimulating intracellular vesicle trafficking and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release, that is, cellular processes markedly reduced in Huntington's disease (HD).MethodsWe therefore tested that reducing HDAC6 levels by genetic manipulation would attenuate early cognitive and behavioral deficits in R6/1 mice, a mouse model which develops progressive HD‐related phenotypes.ResultsIn contrast to our initial hypothesis, the genetic deletion of HDAC6 did not reduce the weight loss or the deficits in cognitive abilities and nest‐building behavior shown by R6/1 mice, and even worsened their social impairments, hypolocomotion in the Y‐maze, and reduced ultrasonic vocalizations.ConclusionsThese results weaken the validity of HDAC6 reduction as a possible therapeutic strategy for HD. The data are discussed in terms of additional cellular consequences and anatomical specificity of HDAC6 that could explain these unexpected effects.
Hepcidin and its potential clinical utility
Authors: Miseta Attila , Nagy Judit , Nagy Tamas , Poór Viktor Soma , Fekete Zsuzsanna , Sipos Katalin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA number of pathophysiological conditions are related to iron metabolism disturbances. Some of them are well known, others are newly discovered or special. Hepcidin is a newly identified iron metabolism regulating hormone, which could be a promising biomarker for many disorders. In this review, we provide background information about mammalian iron metabolism, cellular iron trafficking, and the regulation of expression of hepcidin. Beside these molecular biological processes, we summarize the methods that have been used to determine blood and urine hepcidin levels and present those pathological conditions (cancer, inflammation, neurological disorders) when hepcidin measurement may have clinical relevance.
“Caffeine Doping” of Carbon/Nitrogen‐Based Organic Catalysts: Caffeine as a Supramolecular Edge Modifier for the Synthesis of Photoactive Carbon Nitride Tubes
Authors: Jordan Thomas , Fechler Nina , Xu Jingsan , Brenner Thomas J. K. , Antonietti Markus , Shalom Menny 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn alternative method for the structure tuning of carbon nitride materials by using a supramolecular approach in combination with caffeine as lining‐agent is described. The self‐assembly of the precursor complex consisting of melamine and cyanuric acid can be controlled by this doping molecule in terms of morphology, electronic, and photophysical properties. Caffeine is proposed to insert as an edge‐molecule eventually leading to hollow tube‐like carbon nitride structures with improved efficiency of charge formation. Compared to the bulk carbon nitride, the caffeine‐doped analogue possesses a higher photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B dye. Furthermore, this approach is also shown to be suitable for the modification of carbon nitride electrodes.
Catalysis of Vanadium Ion Redox Reactions on Carbonaceous Material with Metal–N4 Sites
Authors: Maruyama Jun , Hasegawa Takahiro , Iwasaki Satoshi , Fukuhara Tomoko , Orikasa Yuki , Uchimoto Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe low energy efficiency caused by the slow reaction rates of vanadium ion redox reactions is the main drawback in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), which is a promising large‐scale electrical energy storage system capable of leveling fluctuating power generation by wind turbines and photovoltaic cells. The high catalytic activity was found at a carbonaceous thin film with a metal ion and four nitrogen atoms (metal–N4 site) combined in a carbon matrix in the square‐planar configuration and exposed to the surface. Only a specified metal caused the activity as the central metal according to the redox reactions. Regarding the dioxovanadium ion (VO2+) reduction, Fe was the active metal, and the VO2+ reduction behavior indicated that the reduction proceeded through the inner sphere mechanism involving the hydroxylic group attached to the central Fe in contrast to the outer sphere mechanism for the other metals and conventional carbon electrodes.
Mineral Oil/Methanol: A Cheap Biphasic Reaction Medium with Thermomorphic Properties and Its Application to the Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Nitrobenzene to Methyl Phenylcarbamate
Authors: Ferretti Francesco , Gallo Emma , Ragaini Fabio 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe developed the methanol/mineral oil system as a new thermomorphic solvent mixture that allows homogeneous catalyst recovery without the use of water or fluorinated solvents. Mineral oil (nujol) is cheap and shows a very limited miscibility with methanol at room temperature but becomes completely miscible at high temperatures. Here we report the synthesis of some phenanthrolines substituted with long‐chain alkyl groups, which render them soluble in hydrocarbons and insoluble in methanol, and their application to the palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation of nitrobenzene to methyl phenylcarbamate. Both the reagents and products of the catalytic reaction are much more soluble in methanol than in hydrocarbons, so an easy separation of the catalyst is possible.
Highly trans‐Selective Arylation of Achmatowicz Rearrangement Products by Reductive γ‐Deoxygenation and Heck–Matsuda Reaction: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (−)‐Musellarins A–C and Their Analogues
Authors: Li Zhilong , Ip Fanny C. F. , Ip Nancy Y. , Tong Rongbiao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFully functionalized pyranuloses derived from Achmatowicz rearrangement (AR) are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis. However, access to trans‐2,6‐dihydropyrans from pyranuloses remains underexplored. Herein, we report a new two‐step trans arylation of AR products to access 2,6‐trans‐dihydropyranones. This new trans‐arylation method built on numerous plausible, but unsuccessful, direct arylation reactions, including Ferrier‐type and Tsuji–Trost‐type reactions, was finally enabled by an unprecedented, highly regioselective γ‐deoxygenation of AR products by using Zn/HOAc and a diastereoselective Heck–Matsuda coupling. The synthetic utility of the reaction was demonstrated in the first asymmetric total synthesis of (−)‐musellarins A–C and 12 analogues in 11–12 steps. The brevity and efficiency of our synthetic route permitted preparation of enantiomerically pure musellarins and analogues (>20 mg) for preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation, which led us to identify two analogues with three‐to‐six times greater potency than the musellarins as promising new leads.
ChemInform Abstract: The Photovoltaic Properties of Novel Narrow Band Gap Cu2SnS3 Films Prepared by a Spray Pyrolysis Method.
Authors: Jia Zhen , Chen Qinmiao , Chen Jin , Wang Tingting , Li Zhenqing , Dou Xiaoming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCu2SnS3 (CTS) films are fabricated by spray pyrolysis of aqueous solutions of SnCl2 (0.01 M), (NH2)2CS (0.05 M), and CuCl2 (0.01—0.0225 M) at glass substrate temperatures of 325‐400 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Optical Properties of Zinc Titanates Synthesized by Precipitation Method.
Authors: Budigi Lokesh , Nasina Madhusudhana Rao , Shaik Kaleemulla , Amaravadi Sivakumar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractZnTiO3 is precipitated from an equimolar mixture of TiCl3 and ZnCl2 in 12% aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium Triflate‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Tandem Intramolecular Conjugate Addition of Secondary Amines to α,β‐Bisenones.
Authors: Thirupathaiah Bodakuntla , Seo SungYong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA protocol is presented for the catalytic synthesis of 1,2,3‐trisubstituted cyclohexanes bearing two keto and one amine substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Innate Ethoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation of Electron‐Rich Arenes.
Authors: Belhomme Marie‐Charlotte , Bayle Alexandre , Poisson Thomas , Pannecoucke Xavier 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe first direct introduction of a functionalized fluorinated moiety into electron‐rich arenes by a copper‐catalyzed radical‐free process is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Directed Alkylation/Deprotection Strategy for the Synthesis of Substituted Pyrrole[3,4‐d]pyridazinones.
Authors: Nair Reji N. , Bannister Thomas D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA one‐pot directed lithiation/substitution reaction is accompanied by in situ cleavage of the Boc protecting group.
ChemInform Abstract: GaBr3‐Catalyzed Coupling Between α‐Iodo Esters with Alkynylstannanes under UV Irradiation.
Authors: Suzuki Itaru , Esumi Naoto , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio 
Published: June 2015

AbstractVarious alkynylstannanes are coupled with α‐iodocarbonyl compounds under UV irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Synthesis of Difluoromethyl Enol Ethers by O‐Difluoromethylation of 1,3‐Diones with ClCF2CO2Et.
Authors: Lin Xiaoxi , Weng Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA convenient protocol for the direct conversion of five‐ and six‐membered cyclic 1,3‐diones to difluoromethyl enol ethers is developed using difluoro carbene as reagent which is generated in situ from ethyl chlorodifluoroacetate.
ChemInform Abstract: NH4I‐Mediated Three‐Component Coupling Reaction: Metal‐Free Synthesis of β‐Alkoxy Methyl Sulfides from DMSO, Alcohols, and Styrenes.
Authors: Gao Xiaofang , Pan Xiaojun , Gao Jian , Jiang Huanfeng , Yuan Gaoqing , Li Yingwei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA novel method to synthesize β‐alkoxy methyl sulfides is developed via NH4I‐mediated three‐component oxysulfenylation reaction of styrenes with DMSO and alcohols.