bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of permafrost degradation on grassland net primary productivity in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Hu Jianan , Nan Zhuotong , Ji Hailong , Zhao Shuping , Ou Minyue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Climate warming poses complex challenges for alpine ecosystems on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP), further exacerbated by permafrost degradation. Quantifying the specific ecological impacts of permafrost thaw remains elusive, as ecological variations are also influenced by external climate factors. This study tackles this gap by employing the Noah-MP model to simultaneously simulate permafrost thermal–hydrological dynamics and net primary production (NPP) across the Three River Headwaters Region from 1989 to 2018. Model results were validated against observations. To isolate the ecological effects of permafrost thaw, we implemented a novel relative time transformation on the simulation results. Our analysis reveals a 7.5 × 104 km2 reduction in permafrost coverage during the study period, coinciding with a 1.09 g C m−2 yr−2 increase in NPP. While precipitation is the primary driver of NPP changes in most years, soil moisture emerges as a crucial factor during permafrost disappearance, when the ground transitions to seasonally frozen ground. Surprisingly, the NPP response to permafrost disappearance exhibited a transient effect, diminishing to negligible levels within five years post-thaw. These findings enhance our understanding of the intricate and dynamic responses of the QTP ecosystem to permafrost degradation under a warming climate.
Quantising a Hamiltonian curl force
Authors: Berry M V , Shukla Pragya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Classical curl forces are position-dependent Newtonian forces (accelerations) that are not the gradient of a scalar potential, and in general cannot be described by Hamiltonians. However, a special class of curl forces can be described by Hamiltonians, with the unusual feature that the kinetic energy is anisotropic in the momentum components. Therefore they can be quantised conventionally. We quantise the simplest such case: motion in the plane, with a curl force azimuthally directed and linear. As expected, the quantum propagator, and the way this drives Gaussian wavepackets, directly reflects the spiralling classical curl force dynamics. Two classes of stationary states—eigenfunctions of a continuous spectrum for the unbounded Hamiltonian—are described. They possess unusual singularities and an unfamiliar quantisation condition; their explanation requires asymptotics and unfamiliar singularities in the underlying families of classical trajectories. The analysis is supported and illustrated numerically.
Distinguishing quality of eco-print steaming technique using different types of natural dyes
Authors: Nurmasitah S , Widowati W , Mardliyyah R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The textile dyeing process using synthetic dyes will produce waste in the form of water which needs to be reprocessed so as not to pollute the environment, accordingly it is necessary to explore safer alternative dyes such as dyes from natural materials. The natural materials being used as dyes in the steaming technique eco-print are secang wood (Biancaea sappan L. Tod.), tingi wood (Ceriops tagal), tegeran wood (Cudrania javanensis), merr wood (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr.) and mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.). This study aims to investigate the quality of the steaming technique eco-print using five types of natural dyes observed from the aspects of color inclination and motif sharpness. This is an experimental study using data collection techniques and observation sheets, which are then analyzed descriptively. The results of the study in terms of color inclination indicate that natural dyed eco-print resulting from mangosteen peel has the lowest value (38.9%). In terms of motif sharpness, natural dyed eco-print resulting from tingi wood has the lowest level of sharpness (53.25%).
Analysis of Engine performance and Emission of HPLPM Exhaust with Catalytic Converter Distance Variation
Authors: Septiyanto Angga , Roziqin Ahmad , Suwahyo  , Kriswanto  , Hapsoro Bayu Bagas , Fauzi Ikhwal , Hangga Arimaz , Wiratama Bayu , Suni Alfa Faridh , Fauzi Mahfudh , Maftukhin Arrizki Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This research aims to measure the performance and emission of motorcycle engines using three types of mufflers. Original Equipped manufacturer (OEM), High Performance Low Pollution Muffler (HPLPM), and free flow exhaust were used in this research with various placement distances of the catalytic converter. This research utilized a quantitative method experimental approach. The independent variable used was the placement distance of the copper-based catalytic converter; 65 cm, 75 cm, and 95 cm. The fuel used in the vehicle was gasoline RON 90. Test data was collected at idle, 1000, 3000, and 5000 RPM. Performance testing involved engine rotations ranging from 3500 to 8500 RPM, with increments of 250 RPM and used 1:1 transmission ratio during testing. The results of the testing using the HPLPM exhaust integrated with the catalytic converter showed a reduction in exhaust gas emissions while simultaneously improving engine performance compared to the OEM exhaust. In this study, the catalytic converter installed in HPLPM exhaust positioned at 75 cm resulted in an effective reduction in exhaust gas emissions at each engine rotation, and it also enhanced vehicle performance, achieved the highest torque of 16.14 Nm at an engine rotation of 5500 RPM. As for the highest power, it reached 16.9 HP at an engine rotation of 8500 RPM.
Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Electrical Panel Monitoring System Utilizing Infrared Thermography Analysis
Authors: Suryanto Agus , Ammar Sa’id 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Monitoring an electrical panel is an activity performed to ensure the electrical panel’s condition is optimal, thus facilitating the proper distribution of electrical supply in a given location. To maintain such conditions, regular maintenance and monitoring processes are necessary for an electrical panel. Monitoring of the electrical panel should ideally be carried out routinely to ensure its proper functioning, enabling effective distribution of electrical energy. The objective of creating an Internet of Things (IoT)-based electrical panel monitoring system in this research is to facilitate technicians in monitoring and assessing the condition of electrical panels. This enables them to perform these tasks at any time and from anywhere, solely through a smartphone, without the need to physically visit each individual electrical panel location. This also serves the purpose of promptly identifying any imbalances and early damages occurring within the electrical panel before they escalate into more severe issues. This research employs the PZEM-004T sensor to measure current, voltage, and power values, while also utilizing the DHT22 sensor to measure temperature values. The acquired data will be processed using the ESP32 microcontroller, which is connected to the internet and integrated with the Blynk application on a smartphone. This enables a process of Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring through the smartphone interface. Additionally, the electrical panel will also be analyzed using infrared thermography to obtain the results of heat distribution mapping. The research outcomes indicate the successful creation of the electrical panel monitoring system, which can perform measurement processes. The achieved accuracy levels are also considered satisfactory. Where the accuracy rates are 98.90% for current value, 99.84% for voltage value, 98.44% for power value, and 90.60% for temperature value. The results of heat mapping obtained using infrared thermography also demonstrate favorable outcomes, wherein the temperature mapping of components within the electrical panel remains within the range of normal temperature values.
Manufacture Of Bagasse And Resin Waste Based Ring Holder
Authors: Ihsani Ade Novi Nurul , Widowati  , Krisnawati Maria , Agustin Eny Widhia , Larasaty Shinta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Bagasse is one of the wastes that can be used as goods that have a function. The purpose of this study is to utilize bagasse waste with a mixture of resin to be used as useful goods. The method used in the creation of this ring place goes through the stages of exploration (documentation, literature study, and observation), design, and embodiment. The maturity of the concept designed is very influential on the success of the realization of a work to be made. The shape chosen in creating the place of the ring is a hexagon and a cone. The basic material used is bagasse waste with resin. The techniques used in making ring holders consist of making the design and manufacturing stages of the product. Product manufacturing consists of material mixing, molding and finising.
Study Of Natural Lighting Design In Sustainable Education Buildings
Authors: Setiawan Moch Fathoni , Santoso Eko Budi , Purnomo Andi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Natural lighting can be said to be good if during the day the light that enters the room is bright enough and the distribution of light in the room is even or does not cause disturbing contrast. The determining factors that affect the intensity of natural lighting in space include the orientation of the building to the sun, the external reflection component caused by the reflection of light against the incoming light barrier. Natural lighting design is one of the factors in building construction planning. Sustainable building is an architectural principle that seeks to minimize the negative impact on the building environment with efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and the wider ecosystem. One of the building energy efficiency efforts is to optimize the design of natural lighting in buildings while still prioritizing elements of building comfort. This study aims to examine the design of natural lighting in sustainable education buildings. The method used is descriptive analysis with a sustainable building approach. The result is that almost all the spaces measured do not meet SNI standards. This is caused by windows that are not wide enough, the presence of building obstructions, the use of dark glass materials, inappropriate furniture layout and the presence of spaces that are far from the building envelope.
The modified Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm for subwavelength resolution holographic image with speckle suppression
Authors: Zhou Yucheng , Pan Yifeng , Gong Peng , Wu Shijun , Qiu Shiqiang , Zhou Qinghong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm is widely recognized as one of the most popular methods for calculating phase-only holograms. However, due to bandwidth limitations, this iterative method is not suitable for designing subwavelength resolution holograms. To address this challenge, we have modified the angular spectrum method (ASM) by incorporating additional information to compensate for lost high-frequency details in inverse propagation. In order to mitigate optical speckle artifacts that arise in the computational process, we have integrated the double amplitude freedom (DAF) into our approach. Furthermore, we have implemented a narrow probability distribution in the initial phase mask as a key strategy to minimize fluctuations in the intensity of the reconstructions. Our proposed method has successfully achieved subwavelength resolution reconstructions with reduced speckle noise.
Dark field photon scattering state measurements from bumps on a gold nanofilm
Authors: Nasir Abbas , Wang Hongze , Liu Xuefeng , Xiong Jichuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A dark and bright field (BF) imaging technique explored plasmonic phenomena arising from bumps on a gold nanofilm coated on a silica substrate. The study employs dark field (DF) polarization indirect microscopic imaging to investigate the scattering photon state and reveal the spatial distribution characteristics with distinct multipolar features, contrasting with those observed in the BF imaging configuration. Computational simulations utilizing the finite-difference time-domain method were conducted to understand this behaviour further and consider the experimental setup’s impact. The observations of varying multipolar scattering features with changes in the incident angle of the DF illumination suggest that the excitation of plasmonic effects differs for light beams incident at different angles.
Compact passive system for speckle-free uniform illumination in RGB laser projectors based on incoherent focusing
Authors: Lapchuk Anatoliy , Prygun Olexander , Gorbov Ivan , Borodin Yuriy , Kryuchyn Andriy , Butok Olexander , Morozov Yevhenii 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A theoretical analysis of the hardware mechanisms for subjective speckle suppression in RGB laser projectors has revealed that achieving a compact speckle-free passive laser illumination system with uniform illumination requires simultaneous reduction of temporal, spatial, and polarization coherence of the illumination laser beam, along with light intensity homogenization. To address this, we propose a compact passive optical scheme based on incoherent focusing of the laser beam using arrays of prisms with varying heights. The system also incorporates depolarization of a portion of the laser beam and an optical diffractive optical element employing a pseudo-random binary sequence to enhance speckle reduction and improve uniform illumination quality. We demonstrate that such a system can be assembled using readily available laser light sources and optical elements, and its operational principle is experimentally validated.
Real-time full Stokes quantitative imaging with a pixelated polarization camera
Authors: Chen Kaiquan , R V Vinu , Liao Dongyang , Tang Miaomiao , Chen Ziyang , Pu Jixiong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a quantitative full Stokes parameter extraction system to address the intrinsic constraints of conventional polarization imaging systems regarding real-time-imaging and characterization of polarization features. The simultaneous extraction of all four Stokes parameters is employed by designing a compact optical scheme with two equal intensity parallelly propagating polarized beams generated prior to the detection with a polarization camera. Moreover, the approach utilizes the polarization multiplexing feature of the pixelated camera for the design of the real-time full Stokes parameter extraction system. The stability and reliability of the system are verified through rigorous testing on standard half-wave plates and quarter wave plates. Additionally, the quantitative imaging capability of the technique is tested with a standard birefringent resolution target. Finally, the efficacy of the approach in real-time imaging and characterization is demonstrated by extracting the polarization dynamics of an object coded on a liquid crystal panel.
Surface profile inspection for large structures with laser scanning
Authors: Ding Ke , Wu Chunlin , Luo Miao , Su Zhilong , Ding Hu , Ye Yimin , Zhang Dongsheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Fringe projection profilometry is a powerful tool that is widely applied to shape measurement of objects in engineering. Limited by the light intensity of the projection unit, this technique is difficult to be applied to surface inspection of large structures, especially in outdoor applications. In this study, a line laser source is selected as the light projection unit. The line laser beam is controlled to scan the surface with the predefined angular speed while a stationary imaging unit captures images. An image fusion strategy has been proposed to construct grating images with a constant phase shift, which facilitates full-field phase shifting in determination of the structural profile. The accuracy of the measurement method is discussed and compared with a commercial 3D laser scanner. The proposed technique has also been applied to the surface topography of the wind turbine blades. The experimental results show that the bulging defects on the surface of the wind turbine blade model are detectable, which shows the feasibility of the proposed method in characterization of surface profile on large structures.
Effect of low-content crumb rubber modification on the performance of bitumen and asphalt
Authors: Haroon Waqas , Ahmad Naveed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The performance of flexible pavements is greatly influenced by rutting, fatigue, and durability, leading to premature failures under environmental conditions. The limitations of traditional bitumen in flexible asphalt pavements are due to the significant rise in traffic loads and volumes. The reason for incorporating tire waste into bitumen is its incredible qualities and economical price as a bitumen modifier. The quality of crumb rubber (CR)-modified bitumen mainly depends on the concentration of low-content CR dispersed into the base bitumen. The primary target of this research is to modify the bitumen with low-content CR to improve the thermal properties, rheology, rutting resistance, fatigue resistance, and moisture-damaged performance. The three concentrations, i.e., 5%, 10%, and 15% of CR, were selected based on extensive preliminary trials when dispersed in conventional 60/70 penetration grade bitumen. The consistency and mixture test results concluded that the optimum dosage of CR-10% provides a 20% improvement in thermal performance, a 15% increase in rheological stability, a 25% enhancement in rutting resistance, a 30% boost in fatigue resistance, and a 10% reduction in moisture damage susceptibility. The inclusion of CR makes rubberized asphalt an attractive and effective solution for highway construction, aligning with sustainable construction practices. The findings demonstrate that low-content CR-modified asphalt improved the durability of asphalt mixtures against moisture-induced damage and other benefits, such as reduced cracking and maintenance requirements. The CR technology led to a significant subsidization in the environmental impact of asphalt paving from 5 to 10% compared to standard paving applications.
Are genomic language models all you need? Exploring genomic language models on protein downstream tasks
Authors: Boshar Sam , Trop Evan , de Almeida Bernardo P , Copoiu Liviu , Pierrot Thomas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Large language models, trained on enormous corpora of biological sequences, are state-of-the-art for downstream genomic and proteomic tasks. Since the genome contains the information to encode all proteins, genomic language models (gLMs) hold the potential to make downstream predictions not only about DNA sequences, but also about proteins. However, the performance of gLMs on protein tasks remains unknown, due to few tasks pairing proteins with the coding DNA sequences (CDS) that can be processed by gLMs.

Results
In this work, we curated five such datasets and used them to evaluate the performance of gLMs and proteomic language models (pLMs). We show that gLMs are competitive and even outperform their pLMs counterparts on some tasks. The best performance was achieved using the retrieved CDS compared to sampling strategies. We found that training a joint genomic-proteomic model outperforms each individual approach, showing that they capture different but complementary sequence representations, as we demonstrate through model interpretation of their embeddings. Lastly, we explored different genomic tokenization schemes to improve downstream protein performance. We trained a new Nucleotide Transformer (50M) foundation model with 3mer tokenization that outperforms its 6mer counterpart on protein tasks while maintaining performance on genomics tasks. The application of gLMs to proteomics offers the potential to leverage rich CDS data, and in the spirit of the central dogma, the possibility of a unified and synergistic approach to genomics and proteomics.

Availability and implementation
We make our inference code, 3mer pre-trained model weights and datasets available.
221 A Ward-Based Intervention to Improve Understanding of ‘Enhanced Recovery After Surgery’, and Improve Compliance with Early Post-Operative Mobilisation: A Prospective Audit
Authors: Babu S , Lee R E , Allen S , Dowson H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) improves short-term post-operative outcomes by maintaining pre-operative function and reducing the stress response associated with surgery. Early post-operative mobilisation is a key component. This study sought to assess achievement of early mobilisation goals, identify barriers to mobilisation, and improve awareness of ERAS.

Method
Eye-catching posters were placed within view of each surgical bedspace and on the door of each bathroom. These emphasised the benefits of early mobilisation and simple steps a patient may take to improve their post-operative outcomes. Between May to July 2023 (Baseline; n=47), and August to September 2023, (Post-intervention; n=46) data were prospectively collected on adult patients who were day one post-elective or emergency general surgery.

Results
Unfamiliarity with the concept of ERAS, as well as inadequate post-operative analgesia were identified as barriers to early post-operative mobilisation. Following the implementation of ward-based educational posters, there was a 36% increase in the number of patients who were aware of the concept of ERAS (10% to 46%). 31% of patients were able to recall at least two benefits of early mobilisation as highlighted by the posters. Requests for analgesia increased by 29%. There was a 24% increase in the number of patients sitting out of bed for meals. Furthermore, completion of the recommended 4 x 60m walks also improved (77% to 87%).

Conclusions
A simple ward-based intervention resulted in heightened awareness of Enhanced Recovery and the importance of early post-operative mobilisation as well as improved compliance to the local post-operative mobility goals.
582 A Re- Audit of the Metabolic Screening for Patients with Urinary Tract Calculi and the Implementation of an Electronic Requesting Bundle
Authors: Saidani Z , Ganapathi S , Malik S , Khan F 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Renal colic is one of the commonest elective and emergency Urological presentations. As highlighted in NICE and EAU guidelines, serum calcium and uric acid levels should be measured in such patients as part of a metabolic screening. This audit aims to reassess the compliance of this at a local DGH.

Method
All patients diagnosed with a urinary tract calculus between 1/5/2023 and 31/7/2023 were included and retrospective data was collected which included the serum calcium and uric acid levels. The results were compared with a previous audit in 2022.

Results
65 patients were eligible for inclusion. 46% of patients had their serum calcium level measures in the current audit compared to 65% in 2022. 37% of patients had their uric acid level measured in the current audit compared to 46% in 2022.

Discussions
Despite previous audits and interventions by means of education and posters, there has been a decline in the metabolic screening of patients with urinary tract stones. Via the trust electronic requesting system, we have implemented a “renal colic” bundle which includes the automatic selection of FBC, UEs, CRP, INR, Serum Calcium and Serum Uric acid levels for such patients. This convenient integrated IT feature will aim to improve the metabolic screening of these patients. Key stakeholders have been educated on the importance of metabolic screening and of the newly implemented bundle. We aim to re-audit in 6 months.