bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portland Cement and Concrete
Authors: Erlin Bernard 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Disciplines used by the geologist for understanding and interpreting the chemical and physical properties of rocks have also been used to investigate the constitution of portland cement, its hydration mechanisms, and those factors that influence the durability of concrete made with it. The information obtained helped in developing specifications and testing methods for concrete aggregates and eight types of portland cement.
The geologist and the engineering geologist, who participate in portland cement or aggregate production and testing or who are involved in geological studies related to the design and construction of concrete structures, can review herein: (1) the constitution of portland cement; (2) portland cement specifications of the American Society for Testing and Materials, American Association of State Highway Officials, and United States Government (Federal); (3) the eight types of portland cement and factors governing their usage; and (4) the more prevalent physical and chemical types of attack upon concrete by natural agencies and methods for circumventing such attack. This information may be helpful for evaluating and interpreting the data obtained in cement and concrete research concerned with quarrying operations, cement and aggregate production, and concrete uses and durability.
Imatinib in neurofibromatosis type 2
Authors: Lim Stephanie , de Souza Paul 
Published: July 2013

SummaryA 30-year-old man with a 10-year history of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2) and minimal hearing in his left ear, presented with rapidly progressive disease and risk of total hearing loss. He was started on imatinib and achieved stable disease for 4 months, after which the drug was ceased due to toxicity. He was then treated with bevacizumab for 8 months with a best response of stable disease.
The potential application of magnetic susceptibility as a technique for soil forensic examinations
Authors: Guedes Alexandra , Murray Raymond C. , Ribeiro Helena , Sant’Ovaia Helena , Valentim Bruno , Rodrigues Andreia , Leal Sara , Noronha Fernando 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Magnetic susceptibility measurement methodology, its reproducibility and accuracy of analysis were tested on soil samples to evaluate its potential use in forensic applications. It was observed that magnetic susceptibility can enable discrimination between soil samples, measured values are reproducible over time and the analysis can be carried out on small samples. However, in order for this method to be used in a forensic soil investigation, it is important to always adopt the same analytical protocol during analysis.
Breaking Surface Wave Effects on River Plume Dynamics during Upwelling-Favorable Winds
Authors: Gerbi Gregory P. , Chant Robert J. , Wilkin John L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This study examines the dynamics of a buoyant river plume in upwelling-favorable winds, concentrating on the time after separation from the coast. A set of idealized numerical simulations is used to examine the effects of breaking surface gravity waves on plume structure and cross-shore dynamics. Inclusion of a wave-breaking parameterization in the two-equation turbulence submodel causes the plume to be thicker and narrower, and to propagate offshore more slowly, than a plume in a simulation with no wave breaking. In simulations that include wave breaking, the plume has much smaller vertical gradients of salinity and velocity than in the simulation without breaking. This leads to decreased importance of shear dispersion in the plumes with wave breaking. Much of the widening rate of the plume is explained by divergent Ekman velocities at the off- and onshore edges. Some aspects of plume evolution in all cases are predicted well by a simple theory based on a critical Richardson number and an infinitely deep ocean. However, because the initial plume in these simulations is in contact with the sea floor in the inner shelf, some details are poorly predicted, especially around the time that the plume separates from the coast.
Precipitation Classification and Quantification Using X-Band Dual-Polarization Weather Radar: Application in the Hydrometeorology Testbed
Authors: Lim S. , Cifelli R. , Chandrasekar V. , Matrosov S. Y. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper presents new methods for rainfall estimation from X-band dual-polarization radar observations along with advanced techniques for quality control, hydrometeor classification, and estimation of specific differential phase. Data collected from the Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) in orographic terrain of California are used to demonstrate the methodology. The quality control and hydrometeor classification are specifically developed for X-band applications, which use a “fuzzy logic” technique constructed from the magnitude of the copolar correlation coefficient and the texture of differential propagation phase. In addition, an improved specific differential phase retrieval and rainfall estimation method are also applied. The specific differential phase estimation is done for both the melting region and rain region, where it uses a conventional filtering method for the melting region and a self-consistency-based method that distributes the total differential phase consistent with the reflectivity factor for the rain region. Based on the specific differential phase, rainfall estimations were computed using data obtained from the NOAA polarimetric X-band radar for hydrometeorology (HYDROX) and evaluated using HMT rain gauge observations. The results show that the methodology works well at capturing the high-frequency rainfall variations for the events analyzed herein and can be useful for mountainous terrain applications.
Estimating Oceanic Turbulence Dissipation from Seismic Images
Authors: Holbrook W. Steven , Fer Ilker , Schmitt Raymond W. , Lizarralde Daniel , Klymak Jody M. , Helfrich L. Cody , Kubichek Robert 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Seismic images of oceanic thermohaline finestructure record vertical displacements from internal waves and turbulence over large sections at unprecedented horizontal resolution. Where reflections follow isopycnals, their displacements can be used to estimate levels of turbulence dissipation, by applying the Klymak–Moum slope spectrum method. However, many issues must be considered when using seismic images for estimating turbulence dissipation, especially sources of random and harmonic noise. This study examines the utility of seismic images for estimating turbulence dissipation in the ocean, using synthetic modeling and data from two field surveys, from the South China Sea and the eastern Pacific Ocean, including the first comparison of turbulence estimates from seismic images and from vertical shear. Realistic synthetic models that mimic the spectral characteristics of internal waves and turbulence show that reflector slope spectra accurately reproduce isopycnal slope spectra out to horizontal wavenumbers of ∼0.04 cpm, corresponding to horizontal wavelengths of 25 m. Using seismic reflector slope spectra requires recognition and suppression of shot-generated harmonic noise and restriction of data to frequency bands with signal-to-noise ratios greater than about 4. Calculation of slope spectra directly from Fourier transforms of the seismic data is necessary to determine the suitability of a particular dataset to turbulence estimation from reflector slope spectra. Turbulence dissipation estimated from seismic reflector displacements compares well to those from 10-m shear determined by coincident expendable current profiler (XCP) data, demonstrating that seismic images can produce reliable estimates of turbulence dissipation in the ocean, provided that random noise is minimal and harmonic noise is removed.
Urokinase Plasminogen Activator and Its Inhibitor Type‐1 as Prognostic Factors in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Horvatic Herceg Gordana , Herceg Davorin , Kralik Marko , Kulic Ana , Bence‐Zigman Zdenka , Tomic‐Brzac Hrvojka , Bracic Irena , Kusacic‐Kuna Sanja , Prgomet Drago 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic value of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor, type‐1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI‐1), in differentiated thyroid cancer.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingUniversity hospital.Subjects and MethodsCytosolic concentrations of uPA and PAI‐1 were determined in 105 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and normal matched tissues using an enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA).ResultsBoth uPA and PAI‐1 concentrations were significantly higher in differentiated thyroid tumors (uPA = 0.509 ± 0.767 and PAI‐1 = 6.337 ± 6.415 ng/mg) compared to normal tissues (uPA = 0.237 ± 0.051, P <. 001; PAI‐1 = 2.368 ± 0.418 ng/mg, P <. 001). uPA and PAI‐1 were significantly higher if extrathyroidal invasion (uPA, P =. 015; PAI‐1, P <. 001) or distant metastasis (PAI‐1 P <. 001) was present, as well as in tumors whose size exceeded 1 cm in diameter (uPA, P =. 002; PAI‐1, P =. 001). Survival analysis revealed the significant impact of both uPA and PAI‐1 on progression‐free survival (PFS) (82.22 vs 49.478 months for patients with low and high uPA, respectively, P <. 001; 87.068 vs 44.964 months for patients with low and high PAI‐1, respectively, P <. 001). Univariate analysis showed that gender, tumor size, tumor grade, extrathyroid invasion, local lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, uPA, and PAI‐1 were significant predictors of PFS. However, multivariate analysis identified only distant metastasis and tumor tissue uPA and PAI‐1 as independent prognostic factors.ConclusionThese findings indicate that high uPA and PAI‐1 levels represent independent unfavorable prognostic factors in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
Cost-effectiveness of an adjustment group for people with multiple sclerosis and low mood: a randomized trial
Authors: Humphreys Ioan , Drummond Avril ER , Phillips Ceri , Lincoln Nadina B 
Published: July 2013

Objective: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of a psychological adjustment group shown to be clinically effective in comparison with usual care for people with multiple sclerosis. Design: Randomized controlled trial with comparison of costs and calculation of incremental cost effectiveness ratio. Setting: Community. Participants: People with multiple sclerosis were screened on the General Health Questionnaire 12 and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and those with low mood were recruited. Interventions: Participants randomly allocated to the adjustment group received six group treatment sessions. The control group received usual care, which did not include psychological interventions. Main measures: Outcomes were assessed four and eight months after randomization, blind to group allocation. The costs were assessed from a service use questionnaire and information provided on medication. Quality of life was assessed using the EQ-5D. Results: Of the 311 patients identified, 221 (71%) met the criteria for having low mood. Of these, 72 were randomly allocated to receive treatment and 79 to usual care. Over eight months follow-up there was a decrease in the combined average costs of £378 per intervention respondent and an increase in the costs of £297 per patient in the control group, which was a significant difference ( p=0.03). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio indicated that the cost per point reduction on the Beck depression inventory–II was £118. Conclusion: In the short term, the adjustment group programme was cost effective when compared with usual care, for people with multiple sclerosis presenting with low mood. The longer-term costs need to be assessed.
Symptomatic Rotator Cuff Tears Show Higher Radioisotope Uptake on Bone Scintigraphy Compared With Asymptomatic Tears
Authors: Koike Yoichi , Sano Hirotaka , Kita Atushi , Itoi Eiji 
Published: July 2013

Background: Some patients with rotator cuff tears complain of pain, whereas others are asymptomatic. Previous studies have pointed out the presence of active bone metabolism in the painful shoulder, identified with increased radioisotope uptake during bone scintigraphy. Hypothesis: Shoulders with symptomatic rotator cuff tears will demonstrate higher radioisotope uptake than shoulders with asymptomatic tears with bone scintigraphy, reflecting active bone metabolism in symptomatic tears. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study consisted of 3 groups: patients with symptomatic tears (symptomatic group), patients with asymptomatic tears (asymptomatic group), and controls (no tear group). The symptomatic group consisted of 28 shoulders from 28 patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears (pain score ≤4 on the University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] shoulder evaluation form) who underwent bone scintigraphy followed by rotator cuff repair. Of 70 volunteers who had previously undergone bone scintigraphy for diseases unrelated to their shoulder, 34 were selected for the asymptomatic group (pain score ≥8 on the UCLA shoulder form), and 32 were selected for the no tear group. Results: The mean radioisotope uptake in the symptomatic group was significantly higher than that in the asymptomatic group ( P = .02) and the no tear group ( P = .02). Ten of 28 shoulders (36%) in the symptomatic group showed increased radioisotope uptake exceeding 2 standard deviations from the mean of the no tear group. This percentage was significantly higher when compared with the asymptomatic group (0%) ( P < .01). Conclusion: Shoulders with a symptomatic rotator cuff tear showed higher radioisotope uptake on bone scintigraphy than those with an asymptomatic tear. The radioisotope uptake in shoulders with an asymptomatic tear was comparable with that in shoulders without a tear. Clinical Relevance: Positive radioisotope uptake may be associated with pain in a subgroup of patients with rotator cuff tears.
Hypophosphataemia with non-tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Wainwright E , Sherrard J , Duncan S , Shine B , Dorrell L 
Published: July 2013

Summary Hypophosphataemia with tenofovir (TDF) treatment has been well described. The role of HIV infection and of other antiretroviral (ART) agents in hypophosphataemia has received less attention. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypophosphataemia in HIV-positive adults. We measured the fasting plasma phosphate level and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in 123 HIV-positive patients. A total of 26% had hypophosphataemia and 11% had hypophosphataemia of grades 2–4 (0.65 mmol/L or less). Hypophosphataemia of any grade was more frequent in those who were ART-treated than ART-naive (35% versus 10%; P = 0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed no significant association between phosphate level and gender, TDF status, duration of ART, duration of HIV infection and eGFR. Increasing age was significantly associated with a very small rise in phosphate level. Isolated hypophosphataemia was significantly more frequent in HIV-positive subjects receiving ART than ART-naive individuals, irrespective of the drug regimen.
Increasing screening frequency in men who have sex with men: impact of guidance on risk profiling on workload and earlier diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection and HIV
Authors: Baker A , Fleury C , Clarke E , Foley E , Samraj S , Rowen D , Patel R 
Published: July 2013

Summary Increasing screening frequency in men who have sex with men (MSM) engaging in high-risk behaviours can reduce prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This evaluation investigated the impact of applying stricter screening guidelines for MSM on service workload and earlier STI diagnoses. A validated risk assessment tool (RAT) was distributed to MSM attending a level 3 sexual health service over three months. Australian screening guidelines were applied to the data to identify MSM requiring more frequent screening and data projected to the larger MSM population. The RAT identified a 2–5-fold increase in the number of STI and HIV screenings required based on six- and three-monthly screening intervals, respectively, in the MSM cohort. When screening intervals are reduced from three-monthly to six-monthly there is a potential loss of 66.7% of earlier HIV diagnoses. The use of RATs will increase workload in sexual health services, but potentially diagnose a large proportion of disease earlier.
Vitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis in patients with clinically isolated syndromes
Authors: Martinelli Vittorio , Dalla Costa Gloria , Colombo Bruno , Dalla Libera Dacia , Rubinacci Alessandro , Filippi Massimo , Furlan Roberto , Comi Giancarlo 
Published: July 2013

Background: Growing evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency may be one of the most important environmental factors for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to evaluate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) and to examine whether they are related to MS risk. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 100 CIS patients hospitalized from 2000 to 2009 at San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. We evaluated baseline 25(OH)D level as well as clinical, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data. Results: A total of 52% of CIS patients had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l). During follow-up (median: 7.17 years), 55 patients developed clinically definite MS (CDMS). Patients with very low (< 10th percentile) and low (< 25th percentile) 25(OH)D levels were particularly at risk of CDMS (HRs (95% CIs): 2.12 (0.91–4.96) and 1.61 (0.85–3.03), respectively), while no further reduction in the HRs of disease was observed at high levels of 25(OH)D. This association was even stronger after adjustment for additional risk factors for CDMS development (HRs (95% CIs) for 25(OH)D levels < 10th and 25th percentiles: 3.34 (1.32–8.45) and 2.04 (0.96–4.36), respectively). Conclusion: Low serum vitamin D is associated with increased MS risk in patients with CIS.
Hypoperfusion and T1-hypointense lesions in white matter in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Narayana Ponnada A , Zhou Yuxiang , Hasan Khader M , Datta Sushmita , Sun Xiaojun , Wolinsky Jerry S 
Published: July 2013

Background: Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies show that a fraction of the multiple sclerosis (MS) T2-lesions contain T1-hypointense components that may persist to represent severe, irreversible tissue damage. It is not known why certain lesions convert to persistent T1-hypointense lesions. Objective: We hypothesized that the T1-hypointense lesions disproportionately distribute in the more hypoperfused areas of the brain. Here we investigated the association between hypoperfusion and T1-hypointense lesion distributions. Methods: MRI and cerebral blood flow (CBF) data were acquired on 45 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 20 healthy controls. CBF maps were generated using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling technique. The lesion probability distribution maps were superimposed on the CBF maps. Results: Two distinct CBF clusters were observed in the white matter (WM) both in healthy controls and MS patients. An overall reduction in CBF was observed in MS patients compared to healthy controls. The majority of the T1-hypointense lesions were concentrated almost exclusively in the WM regions with lower CBF. The T2-hyperintense lesions were more generally distributed in both higher and lower perfused WM. Conclusion: This study suggests an association between hypoperfusion and T1-hypointense lesions.
Genetic interaction between Kit and Scl
Authors: Lacombe Julie , Krosl Gorazd , Tremblay Mathieu , Gerby Bastien , Martin Richard , Aplan Peter D. , Lemieux Sebastien , Hoang Trang 
Published: July 2013

Key PointsScl operates both downstream of Kit to control the survival of Kit+ multipotent and erythroid progenitors and upstream of Kit to determine Kit expression levels. Scl and Kit establish a positive feedback loop in hematopoietic progenitors.
Detection of MRD may predict the outcome of patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive ALL treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors plus chemotherapy
Authors: Ravandi Farhad , Jorgensen Jeffrey L. , Thomas Deborah A. , O’Brien Susan , Garris Rebecca , Faderl Stefan , Huang Xuelin , Wen Sijin , Burger Jan A. , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Kebriaei Partow , Champlin Richard E. , Estrov Zeev , Challagundla Pramoda , Wang Sa A. , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Cortes Jorge E. , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
From 2001 to 2011, 122 patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with chemotherapy + imatinib (n = 54) or + dasatinib (n = 68). One hundred fifteen (94%) achieved complete remission (CR) including 101 patients who achieved it with only 1 induction course and had at least 1 minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment; 25 patients underwent an allogeneic stem cell transplant in first CR and were excluded, leaving 76 patients as the subject of this report. MRD monitoring by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed at the end of induction and at ∼3-month intervals thereafter. Median age was 54 years (range, 21-84 years). There was no difference in survival by achievement of at least a major molecular response (MMR; BCR-ABL/ABL &lt; 0.1%) at CR (P = .22). Patients achieving MMR at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months had a better survival (P = .02, .04, .05, and .01, respectively). Negative MFC at CR did not predict for improved survival (P = .2). At 3 and 12 months, negative MRD by MFC was associated with improved survival (P = .04 and .001). MRD monitoring by PCR and MFC identifies patients who benefit from treatment intensification in first CR.
CD30 targeting with brentuximab vedotin: a novel therapeutic approach to primary effusion lymphoma
Authors: Bhatt Shruti , Ashlock Brittany M. , Natkunam Yasodha , Sujoy Victoria , Chapman Jennifer Rose , Ramos Juan Carlos , Mesri Enrique A. , Lossos Izidore S. 
Published: July 2013

Key Points
Brentuximab vedotin serves as an effective therapy for PEL. Brentuximab vedotin led to cytotoxic effects in PEL cell lines and extended survival of xenograft mice.
Proplatelet generation in the mouse requires PKCε-dependent RhoA inhibition
Authors: Gobbi Giuliana , Mirandola Prisco , Carubbi Cecilia , Masselli Elena , Sykes Stephen M. , Ferraro Francesca , Nouvenne Antonio , Thon Jonathan N. , Italiano Joseph E. , Vitale Marco 
Published: July 2013

Key Points
PKCε, regulating RhoA activity, is a critical mediator of proplatelet formation. PKCε shut down results in RhoA expression levels that are incompatible with normal platelet generation.