bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetarian diet and cholesterol and TAG levels by gender
Authors: Jian Zhi-Hong , Chiang Yi-Chen , Lung Chia-Chi , Ho Chien-Chang , Ko Pei-Chieh , Ndi Nfor Oswald , Chang Hui-Chin , Liaw Yi-Ching , Liang Yu-Chiu , Liaw Yung-Po 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe present study assessed the effects of vegetarian and omnivorous diets on HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), TAG and the ratio of HDL-C to total cholesterol (TC) by gender.DesignHDL-C, LDL-C, TAG and HDL-C:TC were compared among three diet groups (vegan, ovo-lacto vegetarian and omnivorous). Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to examine factors significantly and independently associated with vegetarian status and to estimate the β value of lipid profiles for the diet groups.SettingsA cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the Taiwanese Survey on the Prevalence of Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia and Hypertension (TwSHHH).SubjectsThe study comprised included 3257 men and 3551 women.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, vegan and ovo-lacto vegetarian diets lowered LDL-C levels (β=−10·98, P=0·005 and β=−7·12, P=0·025, respectively) in men compared with omnivorous diet. There was a significant association between HDL-C and vegan diet (β=−6·53, P=0·004). In females, the β values of HDL-C, TAG and HDL-C:TC were −5·72 (P<0·0001), 16·51 (P=0·011) and −0·02 (P=0·012) for vegan diet, and −4·86 (P=0·002), 15·09 (P=0·008) and −0·01 (P=0·026) for ovo-lacto vegetarian diet, when compared with omnivorous diet.ConclusionsVegan diet was associated with lower HDL-C concentrations in both males and females. Because the ovo-lacto vegetarian diet was effective in lowering LDL-C, it may be more appropriate for males.
The Observation of Slip Phenomena in Single Crystal Fe Samples During In Situ Micro-Mechanical Testing Through Orientation Imaging
Authors: Bhattacharyya Dhriti , Wheeler Robert W. , Harrison Robert P. , Edwards Lyndon 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper reports a study of local orientation change occurring within micro-scale tensile samples as a function of strain. These samples were fabricated from a thin film of single crystal bcc Fe and deformed in tension using an in situ micro-mechanical testing device inside a scanning electron microscope. Samples were loaded along the <110> direction parallel to the specimen axis, strained to different levels, and then subjected to electron backscatter diffraction scans over the entire area of the gauge section. Analysis of the surface orientation data shows that, within a necked zone of the micro-sample gauge section, there are two distinct regions of significant orientation change, in which local crystal rotations occur in opposite directions. These two regions are separated by an intermediate band that shows minimal misorientation from the original state. Crystal rotations within the two regions that develop opposite orientations are found to be consistent with classic single crystal slip, where the slip direction rotates toward the tensile axis. It is shown that increasing tensile strain causes an increasing degree of rotation away from the starting orientation. The tests also illustrate the occurrence of slip on at least two different slip systems, based on the slip traces and orientation change.
Controlled glucose consumption in yeast using a transistor-like device
Authors: Song Yang , Wang Jiapeng , Yau Siu-Tung 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFrom the point of view of systems biology, insight into controlling the functioning of biological systems is conducive to the understanding of their complexness. The development of novel devices, instrumentation and approaches facilitates this endeavor. Here, we show a transistor-like device that can be used to control the kinetics of the consumption of glucose at a yeast-immobilised electrode. The gating voltage of the device applied at an insulated gating electrode was used to control both the rate of glucose consumption and the rate of the production of ATP and ethanol, the end-products of normal glucose metabolism. Further, a correlation between the glucose consumption and the production of ethanol controlled by the gating voltage was observed using two different forms of the device. The results suggest the relevance of glucose metabolism in our work and demonstrate the electrostatic nature of the device. An attempt to explain the effect of the gating voltage on the kinetics is made in terms of transfer of electrons from NADH to enzymes in the electron transport chain. This novel technique is applicable to general cells and the reported results show a possible role for electrostatic means in controlling processes in cells.
Changes of statistical structural fluctuations unveils an early compacted degraded stage of PNS myelin
Authors: Poccia Nicola , Campi Gaetano , Ricci Alessandro , Caporale Alessandra S. , Di Cola Emanuela , Hawkins Thomas A. , Bianconi Antonio 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDegradation of the myelin sheath is a common pathology underlying demyelinating neurological diseases from Multiple Sclerosis to Leukodistrophies. Although large malformations of myelin ultrastructure in the advanced stages of Wallerian degradation is known, its subtle structural variations at early stages of demyelination remains poorly characterized. This is partly due to the lack of suitable and non-invasive experimental probes possessing sufficient resolution to detect the degradation. Here we report the feasibility of the application of an innovative non-invasive local structure experimental approach for imaging the changes of statistical structural fluctuations in the first stage of myelin degeneration. Scanning micro X-ray diffraction, using advances in synchrotron x-ray beam focusing, fast data collection, paired with spatial statistical analysis, has been used to unveil temporal changes in the myelin structure of dissected nerves following extraction of the Xenopus laevis sciatic nerve. The early myelin degeneration is a specific ordered compacted phase preceding the swollen myelin phase of Wallerian degradation. Our demonstration of the feasibility of the statistical analysis of SµXRD measurements using biological tissue paves the way for further structural investigations of degradation and death of neurons and other cells and tissues in diverse pathological states where nanoscale structural changes may be uncovered.
Treatment of MSCs with Wnt1a-conditioned medium activates DP cells and promotes hair follicle regrowth
Authors: Dong Liang , Hao Haojie , Xia Lei , Liu Jiejie , Ti Dongdong , Tong Chuan , Hou Qian , Han Qingwang , Zhao Yali , Liu Huiling , Fu Xiaobing , Han Weidong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHair loss (alopecia) is a common problem for people. The dermal papilla is the key signaling center that regulates hair growth and it engage in crosstalk with the microenvironment, including Wnt signaling and stem cells. In this study, we explored the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell overexpression of Wnt1a on mouse hair follicle regeneration. Wnt-CM accelerated hair follicle progression from telogen to anagen and enhanced the ALP expression in the DP area. Moreover, the hair induction-related genes were upregulated, as demonstrated by qRT-PCR. Wnt-CM treatment restored and increased DP cell expression of genes downregulated by dihydrotestosterone treatment, as demonstrated by qRT-PCR assays. Our study reveals that BM-MSC-generated Wnt1a promotes the DP's ability to induce hair cycling and regeneration.
High-Performance Few-layer Mo-doped ReSe2 Nanosheet Photodetectors
Authors: Yang Shengxue , Tongay Sefaattin , Yue Qu , Li Yongtao , Li Bo , Lu Fangyuan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently been the focus of extensive research activity owing to their fascinating physical properties. As a new member of TMDCs, Mo doped ReSe2(Mo:ReSe2) is an octahedral structure semiconductor being optically biaxial and highly anisotropic, different from most of hexagonal layered TMDCs with optically uniaxial and relatively high crystal symmetry. We investigated the effects of physisorption of gas molecule on the few-layer Mo:ReSe2nanosheet based photodetectors. We compared the photoresponse of the as-exfoliated device with annealed device both in air or ammonia (NH3) environment. After annealing at sub-decomposition temperatures, the Mo:ReSe2photodetectors show a better photoresponsivity (~55.5 A/W) and higher EQE (10893%) in NH3than in air. By theoretical investigation, we conclude that the physisorption of NH3molecule on Mo:ReSe2monolayer can cause the charge transfer between NH3molecule and Mo:ReSe2monolayer, increasing the n-type carrier density of Mo:ReSe2monolayer. The prompt photoswitching, high photoresponsivity and different sensitivity to surrounding environment from the few-layer anisotropic Mo:ReSe2can be used to design multifunctional optoelectronic and sensing devices.
Macrolide antibiotics allosterically predispose the ribosome for translation arrest
Authors: Sothiselvam Shanmugapriya , Liu Bo , Han Wei , Ramu Haripriya , Klepacki Dorota , Atkinson Gemma Catherine , Brauer Age , Remm Maido , Tenson Tanel , Schulten Klaus , Vázquez-Laslop Nora , Mankin Alexander S. 
Published: June 2014

SignificanceTranslation arrest regulated by nascent peptides and small cofactors controls expression of important genes, including medically relevant macrolide antibiotic resistance genes. The role of the cofactor for triggering this mechanism has remained enigmatic. Previous studies suggested that extensive interactions between the nascent chain and the antibiotic molecule juxtaposed in the ribosomal exit tunnel were critical for halting translation. However, here we show that the antibiotic induces stalling, even without significant contacts with the peptide, by allosterically altering the peptidyl transferase center. This finding unveils a previously unknown role of cofactors for translation arrest and demonstrates the existence of a functional link between the exit tunnel and the catalytic center of the ribosome.
Assessment of Subyearling Chinook Salmon Survival through the Federal Hydropower Projects in the Main-Stem Columbia River
Authors: Skalski John R. , Eppard M. Brad , Ploskey Gene R. , Weiland Mark A. , Carlson Thomas J. , Townsend Richard L. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
High survival through hydropower projects is an essential element in the recovery of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. populations in the Columbia River. High dam passage survival is also a regulatory requirement under the 2008 Biological Opinion (BiOp; established under the Endangered Species Act) on Federal Columbia River Power System operation. The BiOp requires dam passage survival to be at least 0.96 and at least 0.93 for spring and summer out-migrating juvenile salmonids, respectively, and to be estimated with an SE of 0.015 or lower. An innovative virtual/paired-release design was used to estimate dam passage survival, which was defined as survival from the upstream face of a dam to the tailrace mixing zone. A coordinated four-dam study was conducted during the 2012 summer out-migration using 14,026 subyearling Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha out-migrants with surgically implanted acoustic micro-transmitter tags. The release–recapture design consisted of 9 different release locations and 14 different detection arrays. Each of the four estimates of dam passage survival exceeded BiOp requirements, with values ranging from 0.9414 to 0.9747 (SE = 0.0031–0.0114). The virtual/paired-release design illustrated here has potential applicability wherever dam passage survival of migrant juvenile fish stocks must be estimated.
Received November 21, 2013; accepted March 13, 2014
Association between Alcohol Use and Cardiovascular Self-Care Behaviors among Male Hypertensive Veterans Affairs Outpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rittmueller Stacey E. , Frey Madeleine S. , Williams Emily C. , Sun Haili , Bryson Chris L. , Bradley Katharine A. 
Published: June 2014

Background Alcohol use is associated with health behaviors that impact cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension, including avoiding salt, exercising, weight management, and not smoking. This study examined associations between varying levels of alcohol use and self-reported cardiovascular health behaviors among hypertensive Veterans Affairs (VA) outpatients. Methods Male outpatients with self-reported hypertension from 7 VA sites who returned mailed questionnaires ( N = 11,927) were divided into 5 levels of alcohol use: nondrinking, low-level use, and mild, moderate, and severe alcohol misuse based on AUDIT-C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption) scores (0, 1–3, 4–5, 6–7, and 8–12, respectively). For each category, adjusted logistic regression models estimated the prevalence of patients who self-reported avoiding salt, exercising, controlling weight, or not smoking, and the composite of all four. Results Increasing level of alcohol use was associated with decreasing prevalence of avoiding salt, controlling weight, not smoking, and the combination of all 4 behaviors ( P values all <.001). A linear trend was not observed for exercise ( P =.83), which was most common among patients with mild alcohol misuse ( P =.01 relative to nondrinking). Conclusions Alcohol consumption is inversely associated with adherence to cardiovascular self-care behaviors among hypertensive VA outpatients. Clinicians should be especially aware of alcohol use level among hypertensive patients.
Modelling the variability in fish spatial distributions over time with empirical orthogonal functions: anchovy in the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Petitgas Pierre , Doray Mathieu , Huret Martin , Massé Jacques , Woillez Mathieu 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Characterizing the space–time variability in spatial distributions as well as understanding its drivers is basic to designing robust spatial management plans. As a prerequisite, we analyse here how this variability relates to population dynamics in conjunction with environmental conditions. For that, spatio-temporal statistical approaches are needed but seldom used in fisheries science. To fill this gap, we showcase the usefulness of the method of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). Guidelines are given to apply the method on a series of gridded maps as derived from fisheries survey dataseries that now span over decades. The method is applied to the series, 2000–2012, of the spatial distributions of European anchovy in the Bay of Biscay at spawning time. Across the series, the EOF decomposition allowed to identify three main types of spatial distributions. One type corresponded to an extended distribution, another to a restricted distribution in core areas, and the third to a very coastal distribution. The coastal spawning distribution corresponded to a low population growth rate as it was never followed by a large recruitment in the subsequent year. We did not attempt to explain the spatial patterns per se but the drivers of change from one type of distribution to another. Stock size and fish size as well as bottom temperature and water column stratification were the covariates that controlled the variability in the spatial distributions over time. Further, the spatial distribution at spawning time related to recruitment in the following year, meaning that variability in the spatial distribution of spawning affected population dynamics. The typology of maps based on EOF decomposition summarized this spatial variability into spatial spawning configurations, which may serve spatial planning.
Effects of Wheat Starch Granule Size Distribution on Qualities of Chinese Steamed Bread and Raw White Noodles
Authors: Guo Qi , He Zhonghu , Xia Xianchun , Qu Yanying , Zhang Yan 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTStarch is a crucial component determining the processing quality of wheat‐based products such as Chinese steamed bread (CSB) and raw white noodles (RWN). Flour from wheat cultivar Zhongmai 175 was used for fractionation into starch, gluten, and water solubles by hand washing. The starch fraction was successfully separated into large (>10 μm diameter) and small starch granules (<10 μm diameter) by repeated sedimentation. Flour fractions were reconstituted to original levels in the flour by using constant gluten and water solubles and varying the weight ratio of large and small starch granules. As the proportion of small granules increased in the reconstituted flours, farinograph water absorption increased, and amylose content, pasting peak viscosity, trough, and final viscosity decreased. Starch granule size distribution significantly affected processing quality of CSB and RWN. Superior crumb structure score (12.0) was observed in CSB made from reconstituted flour with 35% small starch granules. CSB made from reconstituted flours with 30 and 35% small starch granules exhibited the highest total scores, with values of 85.4 and 83.3, respectively. Significant improvements in color, viscoelasticity, and smoothness of RWN were obtained with an increase in small starch granule content, and reconstituted flours with 30–40% small starch granules produced RWN with moderate firmness.
Autosomal admixture levels are informative about sex bias in admixed populations
Authors: Goldberg Amy , Verdu Paul , Rosenberg Noah A 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSex-biased admixture has been observed in a wide variety of admixed populations. Genetic variation in sex chromosomes and ratios of quantities computed from sex chromosomes and autosomes have often been examined in order to infer patterns of sex-biased admixture, typically using statistical approaches that do not mechanistically model the complexity of a sex-specific history of admixture. Here, expanding on a model of Verdu & Rosenberg (2011) that did not include sex specificity, we develop a model that mechanistically examines sex-specific admixture histories. Under the model, multiple source populations contribute to an admixed population, potentially with their male and female contributions varying over time. In an admixed population descended from two source groups, we derive the moments of the distribution of the autosomal admixture fraction from a specific source population as a function of sex-specific introgression parameters and time. Considering admixture processes that are constant in time, we demonstrate that surprisingly, although the mean autosomal admixture fraction from a specific source population does not reveal a sex bias in the admixture history, the variance of autosomal admixture is informative about sex bias. Specifically, the long-term variance decreases as the sex bias from a contributing source population increases. This result can be viewed as analogous to the reduction in effective population size for populations with an unequal number of breeding males and females. Our approach can contribute to methods for inference of the history of complex sex-biased admixture processes by enabling consideration of the effect of sex-biased admixture on autosomal DNA.
Thejiaoyao1Mutant Is an Allele ofkorrigan1That Abolishes Endoglucanase Activity and Affects the Organization of Both Cellulose Microfibrils and Microtubules inArabidopsis
Authors: Lei Lei , Zhang Tian , Strasser Richard , Lee Christopher M. , Gonneau Martine , Mach Lukas , Vernhettes Samantha , Kim Seong H. , J. Cosgrove Daniel , Li Shundai , Gu Ying 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn higher plants, cellulose is synthesized by plasma membrane–localized cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs). Arabidopsis thaliana GH9A1/KORRIGAN1 is a membrane-bound, family 9 glycosyl hydrolase that is important for cellulose synthesis in both primary and secondary cell walls. Most previously identified korrigan1 mutants show severe phenotypes such as embryo lethality; therefore, the role of GH9A1 in cellulose synthesis remains unclear. Here, we report a novel A577V missense mutation, designated jiaoyao1 (jia1), in the second of the glycosyl hydrolase family 9 active site signature motifs in GH9A1. jia1 is defective in cell expansion in dark-grown hypocotyls, roots, and adult plants. Consistent with its defect in cell expansion, this mutation in GH9A1 resulted in reduced cellulose content and reduced CSC velocity at the plasma membrane. Green fluorescent protein–GH9A1 is associated with CSCs at multiple locations, including the plasma membrane, Golgi, trans-Golgi network, and small CESA-containing compartments or microtubule-associated cellulose synthase compartments, indicating a tight association between GH9A1 and CSCs. GH9A1A577V abolishes the endoglucanase activity of GH9A1 in vitro but does not affect its interaction with CESAs in vitro, suggesting that endoglucanase activity is important for cellulose synthesis. Interestingly, jia1 results in both cellulose microfibril and microtubule disorganization. Our study establishes the important role of endoglucanase in cellulose synthesis and cellulose microfibril organization in plants.
The effect of choice on motivation for young children on the autism spectrum during discrete trial teaching
Authors: Elliott Ceri , Dillenburger Karola 
Published: June 2014

Self‐determination and decision‐making are acknowledged internationally as key rights of persons with disabilities and should play an important role in the development of educational plans and procedures. Not only is the chance for individuals with developmental disabilities to select their own tasks, leisure activities or reinforcers a valuable way of enhancing rights‐based education and personal dignity, but choice‐making opportunities may also function as a useful clinical or educational tool if they actually improve the efficacy of programmes aimed at the acquisition of socially relevant behaviours and life skills or the reduction of challenging behaviours.The study reported here assessed whether or not choice affected effectiveness of an educational procedure for three children on the autism spectrum. Following a preference assessment, a number of discrete teaching trials were conducted with each child and, contingent upon targeted responses, either the child or the therapist selected one of three preferred reinforcer items. Reinforcer choice did not affect intervention effectiveness for two of the children; however, performance and motivation improved for the third child. Results re‐affirmed the importance of thorough preference assessments prior to intervention and showed that additional stimulus choice contingent on the target response may improve motivation and outcomes for some children.
Comparison of bacterial community structure and dynamics during the thermophilic composting of different types of solid wastes: anaerobic digestion residue, pig manure and chicken manure
Authors: Song Caihong , Li Mingxiao , Jia Xuan , Wei Zimin , Zhao Yue , Xi Beidou , Zhu Chaowei , Liu Dongming 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis study investigated the impact of composting substrate types on the bacterial community structure and dynamics during composting processes. To this end, pig manure (PM), chicken manure (CM), a mixture of PM and CM (PM + CM), and a mixture of PM, CM and anaerobic digestion residue (ADR) (PM + CM + ADR) were selected for thermophilic composting. The bacterial community structure and dynamics during the composting process were detected and analysed by polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) coupled with a statistic analysis. The physical‐chemical analyses indicated that compared to single‐material composting (PM, CM), co‐composting (PM + CM, PM + CM + ADR) could promote the degradation of organic matter and strengthen the ability of conserving nitrogen. A DGGE profile and statistical analysis demonstrated that co‐composting, especially PM + CM + ADR, could improve the bacterial community structure and functional diversity, even in the thermophilic stage. Therefore, co‐composting could weaken the screening effect of high temperature on bacterial communities. Dominant sequencing analyses indicated a dramatic shift in the dominant bacterial communities from single‐material composting to co‐composting. Notably, compared with PM, PM + CM increased the quantity of xylan‐degrading bacteria and reduced the quantity of human pathogens.