bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate impact of hyaluronic and methylcellulose artificial tears on tear film stability
Authors: WYLEGALA E , SMEDOWSKI A , TARNAWSKA D , CIESLIK T , WEGLARZ B , NOWINSKA A , DOBROWOLSKI D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate immediate impact of hyaluronic and methylcellulose artificial tears on tear film stability.Methods We performed keratography with tear film analyze in 21 volunteers using Keratograph 4 (Oculus, Germany). After base measurement, volunteers received topical artificial tears drops containing 0.15% Sodium Hyaluronate into right eye and 0.5% Carboxyl Methylcellulose into left eye. After 15 and 30 minutes keratography measurements were repeated.Results In keratography analyzes we observed 4 types of tear film instability, short‐time break‐up on small area or big area, long‐time break‐up on small or big area. Mean size of tear meniscus in right eyes before drops was 0.3±0.1 mm and 0.32±0.09/0.33±0.09 mm 15/30 minutes after hyaluronic drops respectively (p<0.05, Kruskal‐Wallis test). In left eyes tear meniscus size was 0.32±0.1/0.33±0.1/0.34±0.1 mm respectively before and after methylcellulose drops (p<0.05, Kruskal‐Wallis test). First and mean non‐invasive break‐up‐time in right eyes was 10.7/16.8 sec before drops and 12/18; 12/17 – 15 and 30 minutes after hyaluronic drops application (p>0.05, Kruskal‐Wallis test). In left eyes these parameters were 12/16; 13/18 and 13/17 sec respectively before and after methylcellulose drops (p>0.05, Kruskal‐Wallis test).Conclusion Immediate impact of hyaluronic and methylcellulose artificial tears on tear film seems to be related more to increase of tear meniscus size, not to tear film break‐up time or break‐up surface. Keratograhy measurements allow for detail analyzes of tear film state, which includes not only break‐up time but also break‐up surface, which could be novel indicator for tear film stability impossible to measure in classic slit lamp.
Structure and microanalysis of tear film ferning of camel tears, human tears and refresh plus
Authors: AKHTAR S , MASMALI A , KHAN A , ALMUBRAD T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose We investigated the tear ferning pattern and microelements of the tear film of camel and compare them with human tears and fresh plus eye lubricant.Methods The tear film pattern was investigated by light and scanning electron microscope. A small drop (1μl) of tears was placed on a glass slide at 23 degrees temperature and humidity of less than 45%. When the tears were dried, they were observed under the light microscope, Olympus BX1. The dried drop was also used to take images from an environmental scanning electron microscope. The microanalysis of the elements was done by using the STEM, JEOL 1400 transmission electron microscope. The Masmali grading scale for tear ferning was used to grade the ferning patterns.Results Light microscopy observations showed that the tear film pattern was surround by a thick peripheral homogenous layers which contained small oily droplets. The peripheral and central ferning contained very thin branches. The tear ferning at the periphery was between grades 1 to 2 whereas tear ferning pattern of the centre was between grades 0 to 1. The tear ferning pattern of human tears and fresh plus were between grades 1 to 2. The scanning electron microscope showed very tiny crystals in between the tear ferning. Edax analysis showed that mass percentage of chloride as highest in the camel tears and mass percentage of potassium was more than in the human tears but less than in the ‘Reresh plus’ lubricant.Conclusion Our observations suggest that camel tears are better quality than human tears and ‘Refresh Plus’ lubricant. This suggests that camels may have some extra tear compositions in their eyes, which help the animal to avoid the dryness in their eyes in the dry and harsh climatic conditions.
Effects of a tear supplement containing hyaluronic acid (HA) on tear film thickness in healthy subjects
Authors: WIRTH M , SCHMIDL D , KAYA S , NAPORA K , WERKMEISTER R , GARHOFER G , SCHMETTERER L 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose We have recently introduced a new technique for the measurement of tear film thickness (TFT) using ultra‐high resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) in humans. In the present study we hypothesized that the effect of a hyaluronic acid (HA) containing lubricant on TFT can be evaluated using this technique after single instillation.Methods 16 healthy volunteers were included into the present study. The design was randomized, double‐masked and placebo controlled. Subjects randomly received in one eye HA‐containing eye drops (0.15%, Olixia®, Croma Pharma, Austria) and in the other eye NaCl 0.9%. Measurement of TFT was performed at baseline and thereafter every 10 minutes until 60 minutes after start of instillation. A repeated measures ANOVA model was employed to study statistically significant differences.Results 8 female and 8 male subjects with a mean age of 26.8±4.8 years were included in this study. Baseline TFT was 5.0±0.5 μm in placebo and 4.8±0.5 μm in HA treated eyes. A significant effect of HA containing eyedrops on TFT was seen over time (p=0.014). 10 minutes after instillation TFT increased to 5.5±0.8 μm in the HA containing eyedrops and remained almost stable in the placebo group (5.1±0.8 μm). Post hoc analysis revealed that TFT was increased up to 30 minutes after instillation and then returned to baseline.Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that HA containing eyedrops increase pre‐corneal TFT for as long as 30 minutes in healthy subjects. This effect is not seen with NaCl administration. Our data also indicate that measurement of TFT with ultra‐high resolution OCT is a promising technique to study residence time of eye drops at the ocular surface.
Substitutes of fetal bovine sera for the culture of human corneal limbal stem cells
Authors: IÑIGO PORTUGUÉS A , MEANA A , VÁZQUEZ N , CHACÓN M , RIESTRA ANAC , ORIVE G , ANITUA E , MERAYO‐LLOVES J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose We analyze the potential use of PRGF‐Endoret® and human sera (HS) as a substitute of xenogeneic sera in corneal cell cultures.Methods Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) eye drop and HS was obtained at our local blood bank from human blood of healthy donors after informed consent. Briefly PRGF was purified using the Endoret kit in Ophthalmology. HS was obtained according to standardized protocols. Limbal stem cells were obtained from explants of 2‐3mm in diameter of the limbal region of corneoscleral tissue and cultured in culture medium containing 10% PRGF‐Endoret®, HS or fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 7 days. Afterwards, cells were fixed and growth area was quantified. Immunocytochemistry for p.63, ABCG‐2 and cytokeratin was also performed in order to check their immunological markers.Results PRGF‐Endoret®, HS and FBS, cell cultures showed a positive expression in p.63, ABCG‐2 and cytokeratin. However some differences were found between cultures, limbal stem cell cultures supplemented with PRGF‐Endoret® and HS showed a better growth area in contrast with the ones supplemented with FBS. Moreover, there was cellular growth in more of the explants cultured in PRGF‐Endoret® and HS compared to FBS supplemented cultures.Conclusion PRGF‐Endoret® and HS seems to improve the cellular growth and, while maintaining the p63 and ABCG‐2 expression compared to FBS supplemented cultures. Therefore, PRGF‐Endoret® or HS could be used as a substitute of xenogeneic sera, not only as an allogeneic product but also as an autologous product for the culture and expansion of corneal limbal stem cells.
In vivo confocal microscopy of mucous membrane pemphigoid, a new tool for the diagnosis. Reporting 6 cases
Authors: JULIENNE R , TRONE MC , HAOUAS M , PERROT JL , LABEILLE B , GRIVET D , CINOTTI E , CAMBAZARD F , THURET G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), previously known as cicatricial pemphigoid, is an autoimmune disease characterized by linear deposition of IgG and IgA along the epithelial basement membrane zone in direct immunofluorescence (DIF). DIF requires mucosal biopsy, which can worsen the condition by triggering an inflammatory response of the mucosa, especially the conjunctiva. We assess in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) for the detection of the pathognomonic basement membrane cleavage zone (BMCZ) in MMPMethods Six patients (4 M, 2 W), suffering from ocular and/or oral MMP were tested with IVCM, using the handheld Vivascope 3000. Three patients had ocular involvement, 2 oral involvement, and 1 had both.Results Mean age was 76 years old. Out of the 4 patients with ocular involvement, 2 patients had active conjunctivitis and 2 patients had cicatricial lesions. A BMCZ was identified in both patients with active conjunctivitis, while none was observed in those with cicatricial lesions. All 3 patients with oral involvement had desquamative gingivitis with marked BMCZ.Conclusion IVCM is non‐invasive and reliable for the diagnosis of MMP. Conjunctival fornix biopsy is at high risk of symblepharon. These biopsies are often performed blindly as the pathological zones are barely visible clinically. IVCM enables the observation of the whole inflammatory surface of the conjunctiva and gum. To our knowledge, these are the first 2 cases of patients with conjunctival BMCZ clearly identified with IVCM.
Role of PACAP for impairment of cornea epithelial wound healing
Authors: SEKI T , NAKAMACHI T , FARKAS J , WATANABE J , IZUMI S , SHIODA S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Corneal epithelium disorder causes by infection, chemical burn, use of contact lens and eye drops like benzalkonium chrolide. Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide, PACAP is known to have trophic effects on various tissues. PACAP also exists in eye tissues, however, the effects on corneal epithelial wound healing is still unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutical effects of PACAP on wound healing of mouse cornea.Methods Cornea injury was performed in adult C57BL/6 male mice. One mm in diameter wounds were created on the cornea with a biopsy punch and the epithelium was removed. PACAP or saline were dropped on the eyes in every two hours until 12 hours post injury. Photographs were taken 0 h, 12 h and 24 h post injury with fluorescein staining. We also examined immunostaining or RT‐PCR against PAC1 receptor in the corneal tissue.Results We found that the area and perimeter of corneal injury were significantly decreased in PACAP‐treated group compared with saline‐treated group. In this time, the most effective does was 10‐11M. The expression of PAC1 receptor was detected in the corneal epithelium with RT‐PCR and immunostaining. PACAP‐induced corneal healing was inhibited by co‐administration of PAC1 receptor antagonist, PACAP 6‐38.Conclusion These results suggest that PACAP stimulates the corneal wound healing via PAC1 receptor.
Innovative, non‐contact wide field imaging of corneal endothelium
Authors: ABERRA GUEBROU S , HE Z , GUILHEM M , PINOLI JC , GAIN P , THURET G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Wide field imaging of corneal endothelial cells remains challenging since the development of non‐contact specular microscopes that all have a narrow field of observation (approx 0.15 sqmm). Nevertheless a “back to the future” with wide field imaging will definitely help clinicians to better assess the endothelial reserve of their patients and eye bankers to better the quality of the stored corneas. Aim: to present an innovative non‐contact optical device able to provide wide field endothelial images.Methods We developed a new imaging prototype based on an hybrid numerical‐optical process.Results Images with a field of about 1mm2 were obtained on stored human corneas.Conclusion Further developments are ongoing to assess the application domain of this new microscope, especially on patients. Grant: ANR2012 CORIMMO3D
Red light has the capacity to blunt corneal endothelial cell damage in situ.
Authors: NÚÑEZ ÄLVAREZ C , OLMO‐AGUADO S , MERAYO‐LLOVES J , OSBORNE NN 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To cause damage to rat corneal endothelial cells in situ and determine whether exposure to red light blunts this influence.Methods Corneal endothelial cells from one eye in anesthetised rats were damaged by placing a needle in the anterior chamber and elevating the intraocular pressure (IOP, approximately 130mm Hg) for 60 minutes in the dark. In some instances the cornea was exposed to red light (2500 lux). Rats were either killed immediately or after periods of up to 15 days. Flat mounts and transverse sections of cornea were processed for the localisation of tight junctional protein ZO‐1 and JC‐1 to monitor mitochondrial health with their degree of depolarization indicated by changes in the red to green intensity of fluorescence.Results Raise IOP causes damage to the mosaic appearance of corneal endothelial cells clearly indicated by staining for ZO‐1. Exposure to red light during elevation of IOP reduced the amount of patchy damage to endothelial cells. Corneal endothelial cells appear green when stained with JC‐1 but after 60 minutes of raised IOP the cytoplasm of many cells appear red. Both the numbers and intensity of red endothelial cells increased in JC‐1 stained corneas exposed to red light. Three days after an insult of raised IOP, some red JC‐1 staining was present only in corneas exposed to red light.Conclusion Raised IOP causes damage and disruption of corneal endothelial cells. This process is blunted by red light. JC‐1 staining suggests that endothelial cell mitochondria are activated by raised IOP (presumably as a protective mechanism) and that this process is enhanced by red light.
Distribution, molecular structure and functional analysis of carnitine transporter (SLC22A5) in canine lens epithelial cells
Authors: OCHIAI H 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose While carnitine has been reported to have an anti‐oxidative role on the ocular surface, there has been no report on the existence of a carnitine transporter (SLC22A5) in the lens. Therefore, we investigated the carnitine transport activity of canine lens epithelial cells (LEC) and determined the molecular structure of canine SLC22A5.Methods The primary lens epithelial cells of dog were transfected with the expression plasmid DNA of large T antigen from replication origin‐defective simian virus 40 (SV40), then cloned using glass a cylinder. The transport activities of carnitine in lens epithelial cells were measured. The cDNA sequences of SLC22A5 were also determined.Results The carnitine transport activity was 7.16 + 0.48 pmol/mg protein/30 min. Butyrobetaine, the analogue of carnitine, reduced 30% of the activity at 50 microM. A coding sequence of canine carnitine transporter was 1694 bp long and was predicted to encode 557 amino acid polypeptides. The deduced amino acid sequence of canine carnitine transporter showed > 80% similarity to that of mouse and human. Western blot analysis detected the band at 60 kDa in the membrane of lens epithelial cells.Conclusion Lens epithelial cells possess　SLC22A5. The high content of carnitine in the lens is possibly transported from aqueous humor by SLC22A5.
Preliminary study of the association between corneal histocytological changes and surgically induced astigmatism after phacoemulsification
Authors: ZHAO G , LIN J , XU Q 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose SIA was one of the factors that influences the desirable refractive outcome, and it was related to the length, type, location, structure of the incision and to the suture closure technique, etc. The aim was to evaluate the association of corneal histocytological changes with surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) after phacoemulsification.Methods The study enrolled 68 cases of cataract patient (68 eyes). Corneal histocytological parameters at corneal incision、central cornea and contralateral incision obtained by confocal microscope through focusing(CMTF) were compared preoperatively and 1 week, 2weeks, 1month, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. These biometric factors included the endothelial cell density, keratocyte density of posterior stroma layer, and the morphological changes. SIA was calculated by Jaffe's vector analysis.Results 1 From preoperatively to 1 week, 2weeks, 1month, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively, the endothelail cell density was decreased significantly(p＜0.05). 2 The histocytological observations indicated that the morphology changed significantly postoperatively at the corneal incision, including the cell absent area, wave‐like area, dot‐like and mass‐like hyperreflection, stripe‐like absent area, in the endothelial layer, and the keratocyte activation, microfolds, irregular hyporeflective or hyperreflective belt, and a little dot‐like hyperreflection in the posterior stroma layer. 3 The reduction of the endothelail cell density at the cormeal incision at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month postoperatively, were positively correlated with SIA.Conclusion The reduction of endothelail cell density and the histocytological changes at the corneal incision were associated with SIA.
Lens capsular bag dislocated into the anterior chamber following calcific phacolysis in an immunocompromised patient.
Authors: ALMENARA MICHELENA C , RODRIGUEZ A , ASCASO FJ , SOLANAS S , MAYA R , ANDONEGUI J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Calcific phacolysis, a rare clinicopathologic entity that develops in long‐standing unilateral traumatized or cataractous lenses, results in complete liquefaction of cortex, which escapes through an intact lens capsular bag. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is associated with high risk of cataract but calcific phacolysis had never been described in patients with this opportunistic infection.Methods Interventional case report showing a calcific phacolytic process with dislocation of lens capsular bag into the anterior chamber.Results A 48‐year‐old man with a history of HIV, chronic hepatitis C, and CMV chorioretinitis, presented with left eye pain and redness for three days. Slit‐lamp biomicroscopy revealed the presence into the anterior chamber of a free‐floating lens capsular bag associating calcified lens particles. The patient underwent irrigation and aspiration to remove this spontaneously dislocated material and symptoms resolved after one‐month topical antibiotic‐steroid therapy.Conclusion Phacolysis has been described as the breakdown of a hipermature cataract, causing an antigenic reaction to the proteins released into the anterior chamber through an intact lens capsular bag, in this case displaced anteriourly. Although it is thought to be a slow process, sometimes a cataract can rapidly mature and become phacolytic. To the best of our knowledge, this appears to be the first case of spontaneous phacolysis over the course of only three days in a patient with ocular history positive for a CMV chorioretinitis 15 years ago.
Simulation of stray light with a phakic intraocular lens with a central hole
Authors: EPPIG T , LANGENBUCHER A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (pIOL) have been equipped with several holes to facilitate aqueous flow into the anterior chamber. The latest generation is equipped with a small hole in the center of the optic. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a central cylindrical hole may increase intraocular stray light.Methods We established a hyperopic (+4 D) model eye in the ray tracing software ASAP based on the Liou Brennan model eye (LBME). A pIOL was placed between the iris and the crystalline lens with a central thickness of 0.25 mm. We created one pIOL model with and without central hole of 360 microns in diameter. Beams were projected to the eye at visual field angles up to 70° temporally. Intensity distribution was compared at retinal plane between the lens with and the lens without the hole.Results The pIOL model with central hole showed increased intraocular stray light at retinal plane originating from light sources in the peripheral visual field. When projecting light from a half visual field only, stray light is present in the entire visual field. However, intensity of stray light is rather small compared to direct rays. The pIOL without central hole showed stray light originating from interface reflections which are projected to retinal plane.Conclusion Stray light caused by the pIOL central hole showed a negligible effect on visual acuity in an ideal environment. However, glare in the peripheral visual field (e.g. traffic lights) might affect visual acuity due to an increase in intraocular stray light. Stray light caused by the central hole is more likely to appear in hyperopic eyes due to increased pIOL central thickness.
Pseudophakic photopsia – Optical simulations with a model eye to evaluate IOL design and material
Authors: LANGENBUCHER A , EPPIG T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Photopic phenomena (photopsia) gain in relevance and may become key problems after modern cataract surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate potential influencing factors for these optical phenomena using ray tracing techniques in a model eye.Methods A schematic model eye was used for simulations with professional optic design software (ASAP). The crystalline lens was replaced by an intraocular lens implant. We varied the lens’ edge design (edge radius from 0.00 mm (0.05 mm) 0.15 mm), refractive index (1.55 and 1.46), axial and lateral position (each ±0.5 mm), as well as the pupil diameter (2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 mm). Retinal illuminance was simulated for a Ganzfeld perimeter sphere (d=300 mm, 250° field of view) with 107 rays emitting in a Lambertian distribution.Results Positive photopsia could be observed at the central and paracentral nasal visual field originating from total internal reflection at the lens’ optics edge, which becomes more intense with higher refractive index and smaller edge radius or larger peripheral thickness of the lens. Negative photopsia was seen at the far temporal visual field as a gap in illuminance originating by a gap between overlaying light pathways of primary image and direct path. Photopsia is less pronounced with larger pupil size and axial or lateral displacement of the lens.Conclusion Photopsia is not a new phenomenon in pseudophakic eyes, but with lenses with a high refractive index (smaller incision) and sharp optic edges (for prevention of secondary cataract) the intensity of artificial light phenomena and gaps photopsia might become the main reason for patient dissatisfaction after cataract surgery.
Intravitreal Ranibizumab for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal nevus
Authors: HERRERA L , ZABADANI K , ALMENARA C , CARAMELLO C , PEREZ NAVARRO I , ASCASO J , CAMINAL J , MARTINEZ M , ESTEBAN O , CRISTOBAL J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To report our visual outcomes in a series of five cases of classic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with choroidal nevus which were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injections.Methods Interventional case series. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation, including fluorescein angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT). Data were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate both clinical and anatomical results following intravitreal treatment.Results The CNV was juxtafoveolar in four cases and extrafoveolar in one case. Intravitreal ranibizumab therapy was used in all five cases by using 2‐5 injections (mean 3.4 injections). Moreover, two cases required other therapies: photodynamic therapy (PDT) in one case of juxtafoveolar CNV and laser photocoagulation in a case of extrafoveolar CNV. After a mean follow‐up of 18.6 months, final best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) increased in two cases, decreased in two cases and remained stable in one case. There were no adverse effects associated with ranibizumab injections. All choroidal nevi remained stable, showing no signs of malignancy.Conclusion Intravitreal ranibizumab injections appear to be a safe and effective treatment modality for CNV associated with choroidal nevus.