bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of the Chlorination of 4‐(Perfluoroalkyl)‐5‐(p‐toluenesulfonyl)uracils. Synthesis of 5‐Chloro‐6‐(perfluoroalkyl)‐5‐(p‐toluenesulfonyl)pyrimidine‐2,4 (3H,5H)‐diones.
Authors: Gudz A. P. , Kanishchev A. S. , Vlasenko Yu. G. , Chernega A. N. , Shermolovich Yu. G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis new type of fluorine‐containing pyrimidinediones contains electron‐withdrawing substituents at the endocyclic C=N bond which increases their reactivity towards nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of 2‐Arylindoles for Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzoxazinones with Oxone as the Sole Oxidant.
Authors: Lian Xiao‐Li , Lei Hao , Quan Xue‐Jing , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Wang Yao‐Yu , Guan Zheng‐Hui 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe reaction is conducted under environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 1,4‐Benzothiazin‐3‐ones from Cu‐Catalyzed Coupling of 2‐Iodoanilines and 2‐Mercaptoacetate.
Authors: Huang Wei‐Sheng , Xu Rongsong , Dodd Rory , Shakespeare William C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe catalyst system consisting of copper iodide and a diamine ligand catalyzes the coupling between iodoanilines and mercaptoacetate, offering a new method with clear advantages over existing approaches including one‐step simple operation, wider reaction scope, and moderate to high isolated yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Cascade Annulation Based on Enantioselective Oxa‐Diels—Alder Cycloaddition of in situ Generated Isochromenyliums by Cooperative Binary Catalysis of Pd(OAc)2 and (S)‐Trip.
Authors: Yu Shu‐Yan , Zhang Hao , Gao Yang , Mo Lei , Wang Shaozhong , Yao Zhu‐Jun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe newly developed methodology is applicable to a broad spectrum of substrates establishing dense multiple chiral centers including quaternary carbons of variable bridged ring systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanide‐Catalyzed Selective Addition of Diethyl Phosphite to Chalcones.
Authors: Zhang Aijiao , Cai Lijian , Yao Zhigang , Xu Fan , Shen Qi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLanthanide complexes efficiently catalyze the phospha‐Michael addition of diethyl phosphite to chalcones yielding phosphonates of type (III) or (V) depending on the ratio of the reactants.
ChemInform Abstract: cis‐Clerodane Diterpenes from the Liverwort Scapania ciliata
Authors: Liu Na , Zhu Rong‐Xiu , Wang Song , Zhang Jiao‐Zhen , Lin Zhao‐Min , Li Rui‐Juan , Lou Hong‐Xiang 
Published: January 2014

Abstractisolation, structure determination and cytotoxicity of four new cis‐clerodane lactones, ciliatolides A—D (I), (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Ribosomally Synthesized Linear Azole‐Containing Peptide Plantazolicin A from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
Authors: Banala Srinivas , Ensle Paul , Suessmuth Roderich D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe first total synthesis of the target compound is achieved by an iterative coupling strategy of dipeptides and heterocyclic building blocks.
ChemInform Abstract: Chrotacumines E and F, Two New Chromone‐Alkaloid Analogues from Dysoxylum acutangulum (Meliaceae) Leaves.
Authors: Lazim Mohd Izwan Mohd , Ismail Intan Safinar , Shaari Khozirah , Latip Jalifah Abd. , Al‐Mekhlafi Nabil Ali , Morita Hiroshi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChrotacumines E (I) and F (II) show modest activities as tyrosinase inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Isocladosorpin.
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Reddy P. Janardhan , Reddy C. Suresh 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of title compound (I) involves an intramolecular hetero‐Michael reaction, asymmetric propargylation, and Alder‐Rickert reaction as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetism in Nanoparticles. Tuning Properties with Coatings
Authors: Crespo Patricia , de la Presa Patricia , Marin Pilar , Multigner Marta , Alonso Jose Maria , Rivero Guillermo , Yndurain Felix , Gonzalez‐Calbet Jose Maria , Hernando Antonio 
Published: January 2014

AbstractReview: 196 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Low Dimensional Nanocarbons — Chemistry and Energy/Electron Transfer Reactions
Authors: Dirian Konstantin , Herranz M. Angeles , Katsukis Georgios , Malig Jenny , Rodriguez‐Perez Laura , Romero‐Nieto Carlos , Strauss Volker , Martin Nazario , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractReview: <150 refs.
An orb‐weaver spider exploits an ant–acacia mutualism for enemy‐free space
Authors: Styrsky John D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractExploiters of protection mutualisms are assumed to represent an important threat for the stability of those mutualisms, but empirical evidence for the commonness or relevance of exploiters is limited. Here, I describe results from a manipulative study showing that an orb‐weaver spider,Eustala oblonga, inhabits an ant‐acacia for protection from predators. This spider is unique in the orb‐weaver family in that it associates closely with both a specific host plant and ants. I tested the protective effect of acacia ants onE. oblongaby comparing spider abundance over time on acacias with ants and on acacias from which entire ant colonies were experimentally removed. Both juvenile and adult spider abundance significantly decreased over time on acacias without ants. Concomitantly, the combined abundance of potential spider predators increased over time on acacias without ants. These results suggest that ant protection of the ant‐acaciaAcacia melanocerusalso protects the spiders, thus supporting the hypothesis thatE. oblongaexploits the ant–acacia mutualism for enemy‐free space. AlthoughE. oblongatakes advantage of the protection services of ants, it likely exacts little to no cost and should not threaten the stability of the ant–acacia mutualism. Indeed, the potential threat of exploiter species to protection mutualisms in general may be limited to species that exploit the material rewards traded in such mutualisms rather than the protection services.
Analysing recurrent hospitalizations in heart failure: a review of statistical methodology, with application to CHARM‐Preserved
Authors: Rogers Jennifer K. , Pocock Stuart J. , McMurray John J.V. , Granger Christopher B. , Michelson Eric L. , Östergren Jan , Pfeffer Marc A. , Solomon Scott D. , Swedberg Karl , Yusuf Salim 
Published: January 2014

AimsHeart failure is characterized by recurrent hospitalizations, but often only the first event is considered in clinical trial reports. In chronic diseases, such as heart failure, analysing all events gives a more complete picture of treatment benefit. We describe methods of analysing repeat hospitalizations, and illustrate their value in one major trial.Methods and resultsThe Candesartan in Heart failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM)‐Preserved study compared candesartan with placebo in 3023 patients with heart failure and preserved systolic function. The heart failure hospitalization rates were 12.5 and 8.9 per 100 patient‐years in the placebo and candesartan groups, respectively. The repeat hospitalizations were analysed using the Andersen–Gill, Poisson, and negative binomial methods. Death was incorporated into analyses by treating it as an additional event. The win ratio method and a method that jointly models hospitalizations and mortality were also considered. Using repeat events gave larger treatment benefits than time to first event analysis. The negative binomial method for the composite of recurrent heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular death gave a rate ratio of 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62–0.91, P = 0.003], whereas the hazard ratio for time to first heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death was 0.86 (95% CI 0.74–1.00, P = 0.050).ConclusionsIn patients with preserved EF, candesartan reduces the rate of admissions for worsening heart failure, to a greater extent than apparent from analysing only first hospitalizations. Recurrent events should be routinely incorporated into the analysis of future clinical trials in heart failure.
Synthesis of Mesoporous SnO2 Spheres and Application in Gas Sensors
Authors: Wang Xinzhen , Qiu Song , Liu Jiurong , He Cuizhu , Lu Guixia , Liu Wei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMesoporous tin oxide (SnO2) spheres with a size of 500–700 nm have been successfully synthesized through annealing a tin hydroxide precursor was obtained by a one‐pot solvothermal process from a methanol system containing the surfactant polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). Experimental studies revealed that polyvinyl pyrrolidone plays a pivotal role in controlling the size and agglomeration of mesoporous spheres. The mesoporous SnO2 spheres with a surface area of 78.2 m2 g–1 and an average pore size of ca. 10 nm are monodispersed and the mesoporous structure can be maintained even after annealing at 500 °C for 2 h in air. Gas sensing tests showed that the SnO2 mesoporous spheres exhibit high sensitivity to H2, enhanced response to CO and also fast response and recovery rates, suggesting potential application as an advanced gas sensing material.
Well‐Defined Silica‐Supported Zirconium–Benzyl Cationic Species: Improved Heterogenization of Single‐Site Polymerization Catalysts
Authors: Popoff Nicolas , Macqueron Benoît , Sayhoun Wissam , Espinas Jeff , Pelletier Jérémie , Boyron Olivier , Boisson Christophe , Merle Nicolas , Szeto Kai C. , Gauvin Régis M. , De Mallmann Aimery , Taoufik Mostafa 
Published: January 2014

AbstractZr(CH2Ph)4 (1) was grafted onto a recently disclosed hybrid material based on amorphous silica that features unique phenol grafting sites {[(≡SiO)2(AlOC6H4OH)(Et2O)] (H)}. A monopodal tribenzyl surface species, structurally similar to the silica‐supported species previously disclosed [≡SiOZr(CH2Ph)3] (2), was obtained and fully characterized as [(≡SiO)2(AlOC6H4OZr(CH2Ph)3)(Et2O)] (3). The activation of both these species by B(C6F5)3 proceeded by benzyl abstraction to yield the inner‐sphere ion pairs [≡SiOZr(CH2Ph)2]+[(PhCH2)B(C6F5)3]– (4) and [(≡SiO)2(AlOC6H4OZr(CH2Ph)2)(Et2O)]+[(PhCH2)B(C6F5)3]– (5), respectively. These surface species were fully characterized by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy, elemental analyses, and 1H, 13C, 11B, and 19F solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. These isolated cationic catalysts displayed increased ethylene polymerization activity compared to the neutral species. Most importantly, the heterogenization of the cationic complex with the phenol spacer (5) led to a fourfold increase in productivity compared to that of the silica counterpart 4, in agreement with reduced surface interactions and improved electrophilicity.
Heteropolyacid‐Based Materials as Heterogeneous Photocatalysts
Authors: Marcì Giuseppe , García‐López Elisa I. , Palmisano Leonardo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Giuseppe Marcì and Leonardo Palmisano at the Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy. The cover image shows one aspect of the photocatalytic use of heteropolyacids: dye bleaching by irradiation with sunlight.
Remote Control of Distributed Energy Resources using IEC 61850 as Application‐Layer Protocol Standard
Authors: Feuerhahn Stefan , Kohrs Robert , Wittwer Christof 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAs the number of distributed energy resources increases so does the need for sophisticated communication technology that allows to remotely control them. This study analyzes the prominent application‐layer protocol candidate for this application, the IEC 61850 standard. A decision tree is drawn that outlines when IEC 61850 is a favorable choice. Afterwards IEC 61850 is looked at in detail. The benefits of its device modeling capabilities for interoperability are evaluated and its message size is analyzed.
A Model for All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: Introducing Electrode‐Compression Effects on Voltage Losses and Hydraulics
Authors: Bromberger Kolja , Kaunert Johannes , Smolinka Tom 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this study, a 2 D‐model of an all‐vanadium redox flow battery is presented including effects of electrode compression on voltage losses and hydraulics. A parametric study has been performed to investigate the influence of different parameters (such as material properties, geometric data, and operating conditions) on the cell performance. The model equations were solved by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results of the study show that a reduction of the electrode thickness by compression lowers the area specific resistance (ASR), the porosity and the hydraulic permeability, which results in a better cell performance but also a higher pressure drop. The electrode compression mainly reduces the ohmic losses. Furthermore, the ASR has a high sensitivity to changes of the specific surface area a0 and the reaction constant k0. These material parameters control the activation overpotentials of the reactions and are independent of the compression. Due to the high ohmic losses, the goal for further developments in redox‐flow‐cell design should be to minimize the electrode thickness and to maximize the hydraulic permeability along with the surface area of the electrode. The optimal compression rate depends strongly on the material properties and has to be a trade‐off between electrical and hydraulic performance.
Force modulation deficits in complex regional pain syndrome: A potential role for impaired sense of force production
Authors: Bank P.J.M. , van Rooijen D.E. , Marinus J. , Reilmann R. , van Hilten J.J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundCompelling evidence points at both impaired proprioception and disturbed force control in patients with chronic complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Because force modulation at least partly relies on proprioception, we evaluated if impaired sense of force production contributes to disturbances of force control in patients with CRPS.MethodsCharacteristics of voluntary force modulation were examined in the affected upper extremity in 28 CRPS patients with abnormal postures, in 12 CRPS patients without abnormal postures, and in 32 healthy controls. Isometric grip‐force matching was compared between conditions with and without visual feedback to identify potential deficits in the sense of force production in terms of force reproduction errors.ResultsVoluntary force modulation was impaired in CRPS patients, but more so in patients with abnormal postures. In particular, CRPS patients with abnormal postures were characterized by reduced maximum force, reduced ability to increase force output according to task instructions, higher variability of force output and less adequate correction of deviations from the target force. Although effects of visual feedback removal appeared largely similar for the two patient groups and controls, our findings with respect to force reproduction errors suggested that an impaired sense of force production may contribute to the motor dysfunction in CRPS.ConclusionsCRPS patients, in particular those with abnormal postures, showed impaired voluntary force control and an impaired sense of force production. This suggests that therapeutic strategies aimed at restoration of proprioceptive impairments, possibly using online visual feedback, may promote the recovery of motor function in CRPS.
Evaluation of Rapid Syphilis Tests in KwaZulu‐Natal
Authors: Dlamini Nomonde Ritta , Phili Rogerio , Connolly Cathy 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundDespite the considerable decrease in the seroprevalence of syphilis in South Africa, with an estimated prevalence of 1.5% in 2010, the disease remains a threat particularly to pregnant women, hence there is a need for a rapid, reliable, and affordable screening and diagnostic test. A laboratory evaluation study was conducted in response to a call by the KwaZulu‐Natal (KZN) Provincial Department of Health that is considering using rapid point‐of‐care syphilis tests.MethodsThe performances of the Hexagon and the SD Bioline syphilis tests were compared with the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) reference test using 297 (142 positive and 155 negative) serum specimens.ResultsBoth assays demonstrated good performance with negative and positive concordance of 97 and 94% for the Hexagon assay and 98 and 90% for SD Bioline assay, respectively, when compared to the TPHA. The Hexagon test was quicker and easier to read than the SD Bioline test.ConclusionAlthough the rapid syphilis tests performed favorably, a number of issues need to be considered prior to their use for syphilis screening in the public sector of South Africa.
Seasonal dependence of factors of year‐to‐year variations in South China AOD and Hong Kong air quality
Authors: Wu Renguang 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the year‐to‐year variations in aerosol optical depth (AOD) over South China and plausible connections with Hong Kong air quality changes. The inter‐annual variability of AOD over South China is found to display a pronounced seasonal dependence, with the largest standard deviation in October and March, which is about two times of that in January. Hong Kong Air Pollution Index (API) also shows the largest variability in October and March.Analysis shows that the precipitation and circulation pattern associated with inter‐annual variations of aerosol over South China is very different depending on the season. In October, precipitation decrease and anomalous lower‐level wind convergence contribute to an increase in aerosol. In July, anomalous lower‐level wind convergence contributes to an increase in both aerosol and precipitation. In March, the aerosol change has no obvious statistical relationship with local precipitation change, and the transport by anomalous winds appears to be a main factor for aerosol variations. The link between year‐to‐year changes in Hong Kong air quality and South China aerosol displays a strong seasonality. While the air quality change in Hong Kong is associated with regional aerosol, precipitation, and wind changes over South China in October and July, the air quality change in March appears to be related to local factors. The link of Hong Kong air quality to regional precipitation changes over South China tends to be opposite in October and July. This study points out the necessity of distinguishing the individual seasons when addressing the year‐to‐year changes in aerosol and air quality. The seasonal dependence of the aerosol–precipitation relationship may include the effects of the mean state, the meteorological condition, and the role of atmospheric circulation.
Ja zur Matrikel, nein zum Hörsaal
Authors: Rauh Franziska 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMehr als 300 000 Schüler bestanden im Jahr 2012 in Deutschland ihr Abitur. Nicht alle wussten gleich, ob und was sie studieren mochten. Auf die Vorteile einer Immatrikulationsbescheinigung wollten viele trotzdem nicht verzichten — sie schrieben sich einfach mal für einen Physikstudiengang ein.
Rohstoffmärkte — Handel mit Kupfer und heißer Luft?
Authors: Jakobi Rolf 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWenn sogar Großunternehmen sich zusammentun, um über eine gesicherte Rohstoffversorgung zu beraten, ist die Lage ernst. Doch nicht nur die Versorgung gibt zur Besorgnis Anlass — vielmehr scheint das gesamte Marktsystem des Rohstoffhandels aus den Fugen geraten zu sein.
Observer based repetitive learning control for a class of nonlinear systems with non‐parametric uncertainties
Authors: Huang Deqing , Xu Jian‐Xin , Yang Shiping , Jin Xu 
Published: January 2014

SummaryIn this paper, a repetitive learning control (RLC) scheme is developed for a class of nonlinear systems to handle an output tracking problem, where two state observers are introduced concurrently to estimate the unavailable control system and reference states information. The estimation of reference state information is because of the lack of reference internal model in the RLC design. By virtue of the periodicity of reference signals and the associated learning capability in control mechanism, the involved unstructured nonlinear uncertainties can be handled. The Lyapunov‐like energy function method is adopted to facilitate the learning control design as well as property analysis thus achieve the asymptotical convergence of errors in state observation and output tracking simultaneously. Moreover, owing to the robustification of the learning controller that is addressed by incorporating projection, the proposed control scheme would be applicable in practice. In the end, an illustrative example is simulated to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed RLC law. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐Volume Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation Alongside a Strong Living Donor Liver Transplantation Service
Authors: Chu Kevin K. W. , Chan See Ching , Sharr William W. , Chok Kenneth S. H. , Dai Wing Chiu , Lo Chung Mau 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundAt our center, living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is the main workload supported by a strong, mature service. Deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) is performed but in small volume. This study aimed to review the results of a low‐volume DDLT service alongside a strong LDLT service.MethodsConsecutive DDLTs for adults performed from 1991 to 2009 were reviewed. The 1st to the 50th DDLTs were categorized as Era I cases, and the rest were Era II cases. The outcomes of the DDLTs were analyzed and compared with those achieved overseas.ResultsEras I and II consisted of 59 and 183 DDLTs, respectively. All donors were brain‐dead and heart‐beating with a median age of 49 years (range 7–76 years). Among the 242 DDLTS, 30.2 % were on a high‐urgency basis and 15.3 % were for hepatocellular carcinoma. The patients had a median model for end‐stage liver disease score of 21 (range 6–40), and most (67.8 %) were hepatitis B virus carriers. Before transplantation, 16.1 % of the patients were in the intensive care unit and 30.2 % were in the hospital. The hospital mortality rate dropped from 13.6 % (8/59) during Era I to 3.8 % (7/183) during Era II (p = 0.012). For Era I, the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates were 84.7, 79.7, and 76.3 %, respectively, which improved to 92.9, 89.0 and 87.2 % for Era II (p = 0.026).ConclusionsThe recipient survival of this series compares favorably with contemporary series. It is shown that a low‐volume DDLT service alongside a strong LDLT service can have excellent results.
A Qualitative Study Assessing the Barriers to Implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
Authors: Lyon Alison , Solomon Michael J. , Harrison James D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have quantitatively assessed Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) guideline implementation and compliance, and identified the existence of compliance issues with the programs. This is the first study to qualitatively assess the reasons behind compliance issues in ERAS programs. The aim of this study was to elicit barriers to implementation and functioning of the ERAS program at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital.MethodsA series of interviews were carried out with key stakeholders in order to explore barriers preventing effective functioning of the program 1 year after implementation. Interview transcripts were analysed. Data analysis involved a grounded theory methodology.ResultsAnalysis of the data identified four key themed areas of practice that presented barriers: patient‐related factors, staff‐related factors, practice‐related issues, and resources. These overarching themes were generated from subcategories that were linked to generate theory.ConclusionsFor the ERAS program to be implemented successfully with high levels of element compliance, the four key areas need to be addressed. As barriers to ongoing effective care become apparent, these should be managed in order to optimize the synergistic effects of this multimodal program of patient care.