bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instituting the global: The racial analytics of migration
Authors: van Reekum Rogier , Schinkel Willem 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this article, we regard concepts of inclusion and exclusion as epistemological obstacles for a political (rather than a critical) analysis of migration. Working with the rich conceptual innovations and scientific and philosophical genealogies developed by Denise Ferreira Da Silva in Toward a Global Idea of Race, we seek to show how concepts of inclusion and exclusion, as well as equations between migration and mobility fortify what Da Silva has called ‘globality’ and ‘raciality’. Either explicitly or implicitly according primacy to inclusion means that what Da Silva calls ‘the logic of exclusion’ ultimately folds into what she terms ‘the logic of obliteration’, which revolves around the necessary assimilation of the European other to the Euro-white subject. As we argue, today, the racial institution of the global operates to a large extent by way of the conceptual, classificatory and ocular practices that make up what is known as ‘migration’, which continues to be understood (falsely but constitutively) as cross-border mobility. We seek to show how ‘migration’, and its concomitant binary analytic of inclusion and exclusion, has become an apparatus separating what Da Silva calls the ‘transcendental I’, that is, the universal, self-determining, Euro-white subject, from those primarily characterized and known by what Da Silva calls ‘affectability’, that is, external determination. In the hierarchy of humans that ensues, migrants become recognizable as racially inferior, affectable not-quite-subjects.
Polymorphism-Aware Models in RevBayes: Species Trees, Disentangling Balancing Selection, and GC-Biased Gene Conversion
Authors: Braichenko Svitlana , Borges Rui , Kosiol Carolin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The role of balancing selection is a long-standing evolutionary puzzle. Balancing selection is a crucial evolutionary process that maintains genetic variation (polymorphism) over extended periods of time; however, detecting it poses a significant challenge. Building upon the Polymorphism-aware phylogenetic Models (PoMos) framework rooted in the Moran model, we introduce a PoMoBalance model. This novel approach is designed to disentangle the interplay of mutation, genetic drift, and directional selection (GC-biased gene conversion), along with the previously unexplored balancing selection pressures on ultra-long timescales comparable with species divergence times by analyzing multi-individual genomic and phylogenetic divergence data. Implemented in the open-source RevBayes Bayesian framework, PoMoBalance offers a versatile tool for inferring phylogenetic trees as well as quantifying various selective pressures. The novel aspect of our approach in studying balancing selection lies in polymorphism-aware phylogenetic models’ ability to account for ancestral polymorphisms and incorporate parameters that measure frequency-dependent selection, allowing us to determine the strength of the effect and exact frequencies under selection. We implemented validation tests and assessed the model on the data simulated with SLiM and a custom Moran model simulator. Real sequence analysis of Drosophila populations reveals insights into the evolutionary dynamics of regions subject to frequency-dependent balancing selection, particularly in the context of sex-limited color dimorphism in Drosophila erecta.
Structure analysis of the telomere resolvase from the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia garinii reveals functional divergence of its C-terminal domain
Authors: Semper Cameron , Watanabe Nobuhiko , Karimullina Elina , Patel Deepak T , Di Leo Rosa , Castellanos Mildred , Patel Dhruvin H , Chaconas George , Savchenko Alexei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Borrelia spirochetes are the causative agents of Lyme disease and relapsing fever, two of the most common tick-borne illnesses. A characteristic feature of these spirochetes is their highly segmented genomes which consists of a linear chromosome and a mixture of up to approximately 24 linear and circular extrachromosomal plasmids. The complexity of this genomic arrangement requires multiple strategies for efficient replication and partitioning during cell division, including the generation of hairpin ends found on linear replicons mediated by the essential enzyme ResT, a telomere resolvase. Using an integrative structural biology approach employing advanced modelling, circular dichroism, X-ray crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering, we have generated high resolution structural data on ResT from B. garinii. Our data provides the first high-resolution structures of ResT from Borrelia spirochetes and revealed active site positioning in the catalytic domain. We also demonstrate that the C-terminal domain of ResT is required for both transesterification steps of telomere resolution, and is a requirement for DNA binding, distinguishing ResT from other telomere resolvases from phage and bacteria. These results advance our understanding of the molecular function of this essential enzyme involved in genome maintenance in Borrelia pathogens.
DNA-terminus-dependent transcription by T7 RNA polymerase and its C-helix mutants
Authors: Yu Bingbing , Chen Yifan , Yan Yan , Lu Xueling , Zhu Bin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The remarkable success of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines has underscored their potential as a novel biotechnology platform for vaccine development and therapeutic protein delivery. However, the single-subunit RNA polymerase from bacteriophage T7 widely used for in vitro transcription is well known to generate double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) by-products that strongly stimulate the mammalian innate immune response. The dsRNA was reported to be originated from self-templated RNA extension or promoter-independent transcription. Here, we identified that the primary source of the full-length dsRNA during in vitro transcription is the DNA-terminus-initiated transcription by T7 RNA polymerase. Guanosines or cytosines at the end of DNA templates enhance the DNA-terminus-initiated transcription. Moreover, we found that aromatic residues located at position 47 in the C-helix lead to a significant reduction in the production of full-length dsRNA. As a result, the mRNA synthesized using the T7 RNA polymerase G47W mutant exhibits higher expression efficiency and lower immunogenicity compared to the mRNA produced using the wild-type T7 RNA polymerase.
Staphylococcal exoribonuclease YhaM destabilizes ribosomes by targeting the mRNA of a hibernation factor
Authors: Lipońska Anna , Lee Hyun , Yap Mee-Ngan F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The hibernation-promoting factor (Hpf) in Staphylococcus aureus binds to 70S ribosomes and induces the formation of the 100S complex (70S dimer), leading to translational avoidance and occlusion of ribosomes from RNase R-mediated degradation. Here, we show that the 3′-5′ exoribonuclease YhaM plays a previously unrecognized role in modulating ribosome stability. Unlike RNase R, which directly degrades the 16S rRNA of ribosomes in S. aureus cells lacking Hpf, YhaM destabilizes ribosomes by indirectly degrading the 3′-hpf mRNA that carries an intrinsic terminator. YhaM adopts an active hexameric assembly and robustly cleaves ssRNA in a manganese-dependent manner. In vivo, YhaM appears to be a low-processive enzyme, trimming the hpf mRNA by only 1 nucleotide. Deletion of yhaM delays cell growth. These findings substantiate the physiological significance of this cryptic enzyme and the protective role of Hpf in ribosome integrity, providing a mechanistic understanding of bacterial ribosome turnover.
Delayed migration of a Sapien 3 Ultra Resilia following transcatheter aortic valve implantation after selection of a smaller-sized valve
Authors: Mitsuoka Nagiko , Takaseya Tohru , Sasaki Ken-ichiro , Takagi Kazuyoshi , Itaya Naoki , Oshita Kensuke , Sasaki Masahiro , Yokomizo Michiko , Nohara Yume , Kuroki Hidefumi , Fukumoto Yoshihiro , Tayama Eiki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This report discusses a rare case of delayed migration of a Sapien 3 Ultra Resilia (S3UR) valve following transcatheter aortic valve implantation. An 81-year-old Japanese woman had a borderline aortic annular size of 20–23 mm according to the manufacturer’s size chart. We chose to implant a smaller S3UR of 20 mm with an 80/20 depth ratio to allow for a second intervention, ensuring good hemodynamics and minimizing paravalvular leak. The patient initially had a favorable outcome despite an accidental 50/50 depth ratio during implantation. On postoperative day 3, the S3UR migrated into the left ventricular outflow tract. Emergency surgical aortic valve replacement was performed to retrieve the migrated valve. Use of the S3UR has led to a growing preference for smaller valve sizes. However, the risk of migration should be recognized. When an accidental 50/50 depth ratio implantation is encountered, post-dilation or second valve implantation should be performed immediately.
Effector MoSDT1 enhances Magnaporthe oryzae virulence and plays a dual role in regulating rice defense
Authors: Chen Hongfeng , Su Shunyu , Yang Shumin , Zhao Tianqi , Tang Ping , Luo Qiong , Zhong Yuanyuan , Yang Jing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
C2H2 zinc effectors are a class of pathogen proteins that play a dual role in plant–pathogen interactions, promoting pathogenicity and enhancing plant defense. In our previous research, we identified Magnaporthe oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1) as a C2H2 zinc effector that activates rice (Oryza sativa) defense when overexpressed in rice. However, its regulatory roles in pathogenicity and defense require further investigation. In this study, we generated an MoSDT1 overexpressing strain and 2 knockout strains of M. oryzae to assess the impact of MoSDT1 on pathogenicity, rice defense, and phenotypic characteristics. Our analyses revealed that MoSDT1 substantially influenced vegetative growth, conidia size, and conidiation, and was crucial for the virulence of M. oryzae while suppressing rice defense. MoSDT1 localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm of rice, either dependent or independent of M. oryzae delivery. Through RNA-seq, scRNA-seq, and ChIP-seq, we identified that MoSDT1 modulates rice defense by regulating the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of various rice signaling proteins, including transcription factors, transcription repressors, kinases, phosphatases, and the ubiquitin system. These findings provide valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms of C2H2 zinc finger effector proteins and offer important foundational information for utilizing their target genes in disease resistance breeding and the design of targets for disease management.
Executory trusts: the scope for their creation (including within fundraising appeals)
Authors: Wilde David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article seeks to explain what is meant by an ‘executory trust’. It argues that widely cited case law, suggesting an executory trust is only valid if it includes a highly detailed explanation of the intended final trust, is inconsistent with the weight of authority overall and may be wrong. And it argues that fundraising appeal collections may often give rise to executory trusts. Accordingly, it is suggested that executory trusts—a topic only mentioned at all in about half of trusts textbooks—may be more practically significant than is usually thought.
A diverse diet increases animal growth performance and carcass yield of grazing lambs
Authors: Beck Matthew R , Garrett Konagh , Marshall Cameron J , Gregorini Pablo 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The current experiments were conducted across two lamb finishing seasons (2019 [experiment 1; Exp1] and 2020 [experiment 2; Exp2]). In both experiments lambs were provided a monotonous (MON) diet (annual ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum L.] during 2019 and perennial ryegrass [L. perenne L.] and white clover [Trifolium repens L.] during 2020) or a diverse (DIV) diet composed of spatially separated strips sown to chicory (Chicorium intybus L.), plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), perennial ryegrass, lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), and dock (Rumex obtusifolius). During Exp1, the DIV lambs had a stocking rate (SR) of either 80, 95, 100, or 110 m2/lamb/wk, whereas the MON lambs had a 100 m2/lamb/wk SR. In Exp2, the SR aimed to allocate the MON lambs with twice the forage allowance (kg DM/lamb/d) as DIV lambs. In Exp1, all lambs provided DIV had a greater (P &lt; 0.01) average daily gain (ADG; + 130%) than MON rams, independent of the SR. Accordingly, DIV had greater (P &lt; 0.05) hot carcass weight (HCW; + 26%) and aged carcass weight (CW; + 27%) compared with MON, across all SR. The 80 m2/lamb/wk SR tended to have a greater (P = 0.10) dressing percentage and had similar (P = 0.29) drip loss percentage to the MON lambs, while the other DIV lamb SR all had greater (P &lt; 0.05; +12%) dressing percentages and lower (P &lt; 0.05) drip loss percentage than MON lambs. In Exp2, DIV lambs had greater (P &lt; 0.01) ADG (+37%), HCW (+15%), and dressing percentage (+6%) compared with MON lambs. This improved animal performance occurred despite being offered 57% less (P = 0.01) dry matter (DM), 56% less (P &lt; 0.01) digestible DM, and 57% less (P = 0.02) metabolizable energy per lamb per day. Ultimately, these experiments demonstrate that providing growing lambs a functionally diverse diet improves animal growth performance and carcass weight compared with a monotonous diet of annual ryegrass or a mixed sward containing perennial ryegrass with white clover.
VIIShakespeare
Authors: Rendall Edward B M , Smith Peter J , Fairbanks Chloe , Stelzer Emanuel , Bell Shirley , Hodgson Sarah , Baratta Luca 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter has four sections: 1. Editions and Textual Studies; 2. Shakespeare in the Theatre; 3. Shakespeare on Screen: this will be available as a double section in the next edition of YWES; 4. Criticism. Section 1 is by Edward B. M. Rendall; section 2 is by Peter J. Smith; section 3 is by Elinor Parsons; section 4(a) is by Chloe Fairbanks; section 4(b) is by Emanuel Stelzer; section 4(c) is by Shirley Bell; section 4(d) is by Sarah Hodgson; section 4(e) is by Luca Baratta.
Sex‐specific effect of antenatal Zika virus infection on murine fetal growth, placental nutrient transporters, and nutrient sensor signaling pathways
Authors: Pereira‐Carvalho Daniela , Chagas Valim Alessandra Cristina , Borba Vieira Andrade Cherley , Bloise Enrrico , Fontes Dias Ariane , Muller Oliveira Nascimento Veronica , Silva Alves Rakel Kelly , dos Santos Ronan Christian , Lopes Brum Felipe , Gomes Medeiros Inácio , Antunes Coelho Sharton Vinicius , Barros Arruda Luciana , Regina Todeschini Adriane , Barbosa Dias Wagner , Ortiga‐Carvalho Tania Maria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMaternal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy has been associated with severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), placental damage, metabolism disturbances, and newborn neurological abnormalities. Here, we investigated the impact of maternal ZIKV infection on placental nutrient transporters and nutrient‐sensitive pathways. Immunocompetent (C57BL/6) mice were injected with Low (103 PFU‐ZIKVPE243) or High (5 × 107 PFU‐ZIKVPE243) ZIKV titers at gestational day (GD) 12.5, and tissue was collected at GD18.5 (term). Fetal–placental growth was impaired in male fetuses, which exhibited higher placental expression of the ZIKV infective marker, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), but lower levels of phospho‐eIF2α. There were no differences in fetal–placental growth in female fetuses, which exhibited no significant alterations in placental ZIKV infective markers. Furthermore, ZIKV promoted increased expression of glucose transporter type 1 (Slc2a1/Glut1) and decreased levels of glucose‐6‐phosphate in female placentae, with no differences in amino acid transport potential. In contrast, ZIKV did not impact glucose transporters in male placentae but downregulated sodium‐coupled neutral amino acid 2 (Snat2) transporter expression. We also observed sex‐dependent differences in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and O‐GlcNAcylation in ZIKV‐infected pregnancies, showing that ZIKV can disturb placental nutrient sensing. Our findings highlight molecular alterations in the placenta caused by maternal ZIKV infection, shedding light on nutrient transport, sensing, and availability. Our results also suggest that female and male placentae employ distinct coping mechanisms in response to ZIKV‐induced metabolic changes, providing insights into therapeutic approaches for congenital Zika syndrome.
Systematic pan‐cancer analysis insights into ICAM1 as an immunological and prognostic biomarker
Authors: Yang Chunjiao , Ni Bingqiang , Shen Ling , Li Zhenlong , Zhou Lu , Wu Huayun , Zhang Yuzhe , Liu Ling , Liu Jiao , Tian Liansheng , Yan Lirong , Jin Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) is a cell surface adhesion glycoprotein in the immunoglobulin supergene family. It is associated with several epithelial tumorigenesis processes, as well as with inflammation. However, the function of ICAM1 in the prognosis of tumor immunity is still unclear. This study aimed to examine the immune function of ICAM1 in 33 tumor types and to investigate the prognostic value of tumors. Using datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx), Cancer Cell Lines Encyclopedia (CCLE), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and cBioPortal, we investigated the role of ICAM1 in tumors. We explored the potential correlation between ICAM1 expression and tumor prognosis, gene mutations, microsatellite instability, and tumor immune cell levels in various cancers. We observed that ICAM1 is highly expressed in multiple malignant tumors. Furthermore, ICAM1 is negatively or positively associated with different malignant tumor prognoses. The expression levels of ICAM1 were correlated with the tumor mutation burden (TMB) in 11 tumors and with MSI in eight tumors. ICAM1 is a gene associated with immune infiltrating cells, such as M1 macrophages and CD8+ T cells in gastric and colon cancer. Meanwhile, the expression of ICAM1 is associated with several immune‐related functions and immune‐regulation‐related signaling pathways, such as the chemokine signaling pathway. Our study shows that ICAM1 can be used as a prognostic biomarker in many cancer types because of its function in tumorigenesis and malignant tumor immunity.
PA experiences in clinical trials
Authors: Eggleston Alice , Sarkodie Eleanor , Rokser Rachel 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Physician associate/assistant (PA) experience in clinical trials is poorly documented in medical literature. This survey aimed to describe the characteristics and experiences of PAs in clinical trial research.

Methods:
We performed descriptive analyses of data gathered in 2022 by the American Academy of Physician Associates and published in the organization's annual Salary Report, specifically of respondents who indicated experience in traditional and/or decentralized clinical trials.

Results:
About 73% of PAs eligible for the clinical trials survey indicated they were either involved in clinical trials or had been involved in the past and were interested in working in clinical trials in the future. PAs often serve in subinvestigator roles and perform various clinical trial tasks regardless of previous research experience.

Conclusions:
PAs working in clinical trials demonstrated broad responsibilities and skills in the research setting. They leveraged benefits to working in clinical trials despite institutional barriers. Clinical research may fit into numerous PAs' practices and let them contribute to medical advancements.
Women's perceptions and experiences with cannabis use in menopause: a qualitative study
Authors: Babyn Katherine , Quintanilha Maira , Ross Sue , Makowsky Mark , Kiang Tony , Yuksel Nese 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesSince the legalization of recreational cannabis in 2018, the use of cannabis for medical reasons has increased in Canada. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of midlife women using cannabis for medical purposes coinciding with menopause symptom management.MethodsSemistructured, one-on-one interviews were conducted using a qualitative description method. This was the second phase of a mixed methods study, where interviewees were purposefully selected from a sample of women (ages 35 and over, located in Alberta) surveyed during the first phase of the study. Interviews were by phone or virtual meeting, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was applied to analyze the data collected.ResultsTwelve interviews were conducted between December 2020 and April 2021. Menopause was perceived as a complex experience for women. Cannabis was described as a therapeutic agent, providing symptom relief through the menopause transition. Women reported similarities in their menopause and cannabis use experiences in the lack of information available, limited role of healthcare providers, feelings of stigmatization, and emphasis on self-education. Women self-managed their cannabis use, learning from their own experiences or the anecdotal sharing of others', accessed cannabis from a variety of medical and nonmedical sources, and relied on experimentation, and a range of supports were described.ConclusionMidlife women pursued the use of cannabis medically to manage symptoms that overlap with menopause. Understanding how and why midlife women use cannabis medically can provide insight for future research and the development of educational resources to support women in menopause.
Are clinics not affiliated with a Menopause Society Certified Practitioner more likely to offer guideline-nonconcordant treatment compared to clinics affiliated with a Menopause Society Certified Practitioner?
Authors: Marino Jean M. , Stanley Elizabeth E. , Ahrendt Hannah , Pope Rachel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To identify clinics in Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania that advertise menopause treatment on their website and evaluate whether clinics not affiliated with a Menopause Society Certified Practitioner (MSCP) are more likely to offer guideline-nonconcordant treatment compared to clinics affiliated with an MSCP.

Methods
We performed an Internet search to identify clinics advertising on their website menopause treatment in Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. We checked clinic personnel against The Menopause Society directory of practitioners to determine if the clinic was affiliated with an MSCP.

Results
We identified 174 clinics (41% in OH, 28% in PA, and 31% in MI). Thirteen percent of clinics were affiliated with an MSCP. Clinics with an MSCP are significantly less likely to advertise hormone testing (primary outcome; odds ratio [OR], 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.39), compounded hormone therapy (OR, 0.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.001-0.41), and bioidentical hormone therapy (OR, 0.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.001-0.26), compared to clinics without an MSCP-affiliated clinics that are also less likely to advertise that hormone therapy will help maintain youth or help with weight loss.

Conclusions
Our pilot study has shown that in the states of Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, clinics with an MSCP were more likely to advertise on their website an adherence to The Menopause Society's guidelines and not advertise for compounded or bioidentical hormones, recommend hormone testing, or advertise hormones for a youthful appearance or weight loss.