bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the functional features of the pump organs of Anopheles sinensis and Aedes togoi
Authors: Ha Young-Ran , Lee Seung-Chul , Seo Seung-Jun , Ryu Jeongeun , Lee Dong-Kyu , Lee Sang-Joon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMosquitoes act as vectors for severe tropical diseases. Mosquito-borne diseases are affected by various factors such as environmental conditions, host body susceptibility and mosquito feeding behavior. Among these factors, feeding behavior is affected by the feeding pump system located inside the mosquito head and also depends on the species of mosquito. Therefore, the 3D morphological structures of the feeding pumps ofAedes togoiandAnopheles sinensiswere comparatively investigated using synchrotron X-ray microscopic computed tomography. In addition, the feeding behaviors of their pumping organs were also investigated using a 2D X-ray micro-imaging technique.An. sinensis, a malarial vector mosquito, had a larger feeding pump volume thanAe. togoiin the static or resting position. Interestingly, the two species of mosquitoes exhibited different feeding behaviors.Ae. togoihad a higher feeding frequency and expansion ratio thanAn. sinensis.Ae. togoialso exhibited F-actin localization more clearly. These distinctive variations in feeding volumes and behaviors provide essential insight into the blood-feeding mechanisms of female mosquitoes as vectors for tropical diseases.
Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shang Bin , Liu Yao , Jiang Shu-juan , Liu Yi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe prognostic value of FoxP3+regulatory T cells (Tregs) in cancer remains controversial. We did a meta-analysis to assess the prognostic effect of FoxP3+Treg across different types of cancer and to investigate factors associated with variations in this effect. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL and Scopus were searched to identify eligible studies. In total, we analyzed 76 articles encompassing 17 types of cancer and including 15,512 cancer cases. The overall pooled analysis including all types of cancer suggested FoxP3+Tregs had a significant negative effect on overall survival (OS) (OR 1.46, P < 0.001), but the prognostic effect varied greatly according to tumor site. High FoxP3+Tregs infiltration was significantly associated with shorter OS in the majority of solid tumors studied, including cervical, renal, melanomas and breast cancers,et al; whereas, FoxP3+Tregs were associated with improved survival in colorectal, head and neck and oesophageal cancers. The stratified analysis suggested the molecular subtype and tumor stage significantly influenced the prognostic value of FoxP3+Tregs in certain types of cancer. In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that the prognostic role of FoxP3+Tregs was highly influenced by tumor site and was also correlated with the molecular subtype and tumor stage.
Structure and assembly of the mouse ASC inflammasome by combined NMR spectroscopy and cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Sborgi Lorenzo , Ravotti Francesco , Dandey Venkata P. , Dick Mathias S. , Mazur Adam , Reckel Sina , Chami Mohamed , Scherer Sebastian , Huber Matthias , Böckmann Anja , Egelman Edward H. , Stahlberg Henning , Broz Petr , Meier Beat H. , Hiller Sebastian 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Invading pathogens and other danger-associated signals are recognized by the innate immune system. Subsequently, the eukaryotic protein ASC [apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (CARD)] assembles to long filaments, which might serve to amplify the signal and activate an inflammatory response. We have determined the structure of the mouse ASC filament at atomic resolution. The pyrin domain of ASC forms the helical filament core, and the CARD, thus far elusive to experimental observation, is flexibly unfolded on the filament periphery. The integration of data from two structural methods, cryo-electron microscopy and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, opens perspectives for structural studies of inflammasomes and related molecular assemblies.
Whole-agent selectivity within the macaque face-processing system
Authors: Fisher Clark , Freiwald Winrich A. 
Published: October 2015

Significance
From the ever-changing patterns of light captured by the eyes, our brains construct a meaningful model of the world. Although we do not know the mechanisms that accomplish this feat, important clues are provided by a series of areas in the primate brain called face patches, which take visual inputs and sequentially process information to extract facial identity. This system is widely considered to be specialized exclusively for faces. However, this study shows that with every processing step, the system increasingly integrates face and body information to represent whole agents. Nearby body patches, in contrast, do not engage in this process. These findings advance our understanding of the neural circuitry that enables the understanding of our social world.
Vitamin B12 deficiency-induced increase of osteoclastic bone resorption caused by abnormal renal resorption of inorganic phosphorus via Napi2a
Authors: Shiga Takahiro , Kimira Yoshifumi , Mano Hiroshi , Kawata Tetsunori , Tadokoro Tadahiro , Suzuki Tsukasa , Yamamoto Yuji 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency is a risk factor for bone disorders via mechanisms not fully understood. In this study, an increase in serum inorganic phosphorus (Pi) concentrations was associated with a vitamin B12 deficiency. Napi2a, a renal cotransporter for Pi reabsorption, accumulated on plasma membranes in a vitamin B12 deficiency suggests that vitamin B12 plays an important role in Pi homeostasis.
Sperm motility and fertilisation success in an acidified and hypoxic environment
Authors: Graham Helen , Rastrick Samuel P. S. , Findlay Helen S. , Bentley Matthew G. , Widdicombe Stephen , Clare Anthony S. , Caldwell Gary S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe distribution and function of many marine species is largely determined by the effect of abiotic drivers on their reproduction and early development, including those drivers associated with elevated CO2 and global climate change. A number of studies have therefore investigated the effects of elevated pCO2 on a range of reproductive parameters, including sperm motility and fertilisation success. To date, most of these studies have not examined the possible synergistic effects of other abiotic drivers, such as the increased frequency of hypoxic events that are also associated with climate change. The present study is therefore novel in assessing the impact that an hypoxic event could have on reproduction in a future high CO2 ocean. Specifically, this study assesses sperm motility and fertilisation success in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus exposed to elevated pCO2 for 6 months. Gametes extracted from these pre-acclimated individuals were subjected to hypoxic conditions simulating an hypoxic event in a future high CO2 ocean. Sperm swimming speed increased under elevated pCO2 and decreased under hypoxic conditions resulting in the elevated pCO2 and hypoxic treatment being approximately equivalent to the control. There was also a combined negative effect of increased pCO2 and hypoxia on the percentage of motile sperm. There was a significant negative effect of elevated pCO2 on fertilisation success, and when combined with a simulated hypoxic event there was an even greater effect. This could affect cohort recruitment and in turn reduce the density of this ecologically and economically important ecosystem engineer therefore potentially effecting biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Impact of the initial disk mass function on the disk fraction
Authors: Ohsawa Ryou , Onaka Takashi , Yasui Chikako 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The disk fraction, the percentage of stars with a disk in a young cluster, is widely used to investigate the lifetime of the protoplanetary disk, which can impose an important constraint on the planet formation mechanism. The relationship between the decay timescale of the disk fraction and the mass dissipation timescale of individual disks, however, remains unclear. Here we investigate the effect of the disk mass function (DMF) on the evolution of the disk fraction. We show that the time variation in the disk fraction depends on the spread of the DMF and the detection threshold of the disk. In general, the disk fraction decreases more slowly than the disk mass if a typical initial DMF and a detection threshold are assumed. We find that, if the disk mass decreases exponentially, the mass dissipation timescale of the disk can be as short as 1 Myr even when the disk fraction decreases with a time constant of ∼2.5 Myr. The decay timescale of the disk fraction can be a useful parameter to investigate the disk lifetime, but the difference between the mass dissipation of individual disks and the decrease in the disk fraction should be properly appreciated to estimate the timescale of the disk mass dissipation.
The Long-term Outcome of Primary “Bleb-sparing, Epithelial Exchange” in Dysfunctional Filtering Blebs
Authors: Sihota Ramanjit , Angmo Dewang , Sen Seema , Gupta Viney , Dada Tanuj , Pandey Ravindra M. 
Published: October 2015

Objective:
To evaluate the long-term outcome of epithelial peeling and conjunctival replacement as a primary procedure in dysfunctional filtering blebs, without excising the bleb.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, observational case series involving 34 consecutive eyes, having prior operated trabeculectomy with a dysfunctional filtering bleb, that met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed for at least 12 months. The bleb epithelium was peeled off and replaced with the adjacent conjunctiva, without bleb excision. Patients were reviewed at 1 week, 1 and 3 months postoperatively, and thereafter every 6 months for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), applanation tonometry, bleb morphology and leaks, the lens status, glaucoma medications, and any complications. ASOCT was performed preoperatively and at the last review. Complete success (primary outcome) was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) >6 and <18 mm Hg without any additional antiglaucoma medications at the last follow-up.

Results:
The average age of the patients was 36.6±20.7 years. The average time of follow-up was 23.9±6.1 months (range, 13 to 40 mo). The mean preoperative IOP was 5.8±4.2 mm Hg. Postoperatively, the IOP at 24 months was 12.6±3.9 mm Hg (P<0.0001). The bleb characteristics were graded according to the Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Scale (IBAGS), which showed significant results in terms of the height (H), the vascularity (V), and Seidel (S) (P<0.0001). The preoperative and the postoperative BCVAs in logMAR were 0.51±0.26 and 0.37±0.21 (P=0.0001), respectively. Complete success was noted in 31/34 eyes (91.18%) and qualified success was noted in 3 eyes (8.82%). One patient developed a mild ptosis after bleb revision.

Conclusions:
Epithelial peeling of the bleb with replacement by advancement, without bleb excision, maintains bleb function and resolves bleb dysfunction in the long term.
Drug Misuse in Adolescents Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Finkelstein Yaron , Goel Gautam , Hutson Janine R. , Armstrong Jeffrey , Baum Carl R. , Wax Paul , Brent Jeffrey 
Published: October 2015

Objectives
Drug misuse is a disturbing, common practice among youth. One in 4 American adolescents reports consuming prescription medications without a clinical indication. We sought to explore current trends of drug misuse in adolescents.

Methods
Using the 37 participating sites of the ToxIC (Toxicology Investigators Consortium) Case Registry, a cross-country surveillance tool, we conducted an observational cohort study of all adolescents (aged 13–18 years) who presented to emergency departments with drug misuse and required a bedside medical toxicology consultation between January 2010 and June 2013.

Results
Of 3043 poisonings, 202 (7%) involved drug misuse (139 [69%] were males). Illicit drugs (primarily synthetic cannabinoids and “bath salts”) were encountered in 101 (50%), followed by prescription medications (56 [28%]) and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs (51 [25%]). Dextromethorphan was the most commonly misused legal medication (24 [12%]). Polypharmacy exposure was documented in 74 (37%). One hundred sixty-three adolescents (81%) were symptomatic; of these, 81% had central nervous system impairments: psychosis (38%), agitation (30%), coma (26%), myoclonus (11%), and seizures (10%); and 66 (41%) displayed a specific toxidrome, most commonly sedative-hypnotic. Benzodiazepines were the most frequently administered medications (46%). Antidotes were administered to 28% of adolescents, primarily naloxone, physostigmine, N-acetyl-cysteine, and flumazenil. No deaths were recorded.

Conclusions
Adolescents presenting with drug misuse may be exposed to a wide range and combinations of therapeutics or illicit substances and frequently display central nervous system abnormalities, compromising the ability to obtain a reliable history. Frontline clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion, as routine toxicology screenings fail to detect most contemporary misused legal and designer drugs.
Nausea, Vomiting, and Weight Loss in a Young Adult Patient With a History of a Gunshot Wound
Authors: James Jessica , Fitzgibbon James , Blackford Martha 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Assessing victims of gunshot wounds with retained bullets/bullet fragments for lead toxicity is not always considered until the patient develops signs and symptoms of toxicity. We discuss the case of a 19-year-old young man who received a diagnosis of chronic lead toxicity (serum lead concentration 51 μg/dL) 5 weeks after a hunting accident. Extensive wound debridement occurred following the accident; however, lead toxicity was not diagnosed until after his fourth emergency department visit. Oral chelation therapy was required for the management of his lead toxicity.
Appendicitis and Analgesia in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Delaney Kristen M. , Pankow Alexis , Avner Jeffrey R. , Rabiner Joni E. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives
The primary objective of the study was to compare analgesia-prescribing practices and timing of analgesia administration between pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) and general emergency medicine (GEM) practitioners for children with appendicitis. The secondary objective was to compare analgesia administration versus triage pain score, pediatric appendicitis score (PAS), and body mass index (BMI).

Methods
This was a retrospective chart review of patients younger than 21 years who presented to either an urban pediatric emergency department (ED) or 2 general EDs and were diagnosed with appendicitis.

Results
Two hundred eighteen charts were reviewed, 153 (70%) from the pediatric ED and 65 (30%) from the general EDs. The patients seen by PEM physicians were younger than the patients seen by GEM physicians (mean age, 12.8 vs 15.4 years; P = 0.002). The patients evaluated by GEM physicians were more likely to receive analgesia in the ED (82% vs 60%, P = 0.003) and received analgesia sooner (mean, 178 vs 239 minutes; P = 0.026) than the patients evaluated by PEM physicians. The patients with triage pain scores higher than 6 of 10 were more likely to receive analgesia than the patients with pain scores lower than 6 (71% vs 51%, P = 0.015). There was no association between PAS or BMI and analgesia administration or time to analgesia (P = not significant).

Conclusions
The patients with appendicitis evaluated by GEM physicians were more likely to receive analgesia and receive analgesia quicker than the patients evaluated by PEM physicians. The patients with higher pain scores were more likely to receive analgesia, but PAS and BMI did not affect analgesia administration.
Employer of choice: does gender matter?
Authors: Bellou Victoria , Rigopoulou Irini , Kehagias John 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to set out to add to extant knowledge by delineating the content of employer of choice (EOC) regardless of sector and shedding light on the role of gender in the EOC profile. Becoming an employer of choice (EOC) is a strategy that can help organizations manage current and prospective employee expectations of their employment relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
– Responses were gathered from 896 working adults. The questionnaire was developed by the researchers to reflect the employment experience. Parallel analysis and factor analysis were used to analyze the content of the EOC, and t-tests compares EOC factors between male and female individuals.

Findings
– The results verify the multi-dimensionality of EOC and enrich its content. The most important facets of EOC for employees are the quality of workplace relationships, work prerequisites and satisfying work setting as the most important. With regards to how male and female employees perceive the EOC, both differences and similarities were found.

Research limitations/implications
– Key limitations pertain to its cross-sectional design, the fact that gender is examined in isolation of other forms of identity that may interact with gender, and the fact that all respondents were Greek and white-collar.

Practical implications
– The findings can support HR and marketing managers in their effort to attract talented individuals and retain and activate talented employees.

Originality/value
– Existing evidence identifies the profile of EOCs within specific sectors, while we construct an EOC profile that crosses sector boundaries. Moreover, it is the first time that research into EOC takes gender into consideration in a structured way to offer a clearer understanding of what is valued by individuals.
Extreme males – balanced females: sharing behavior in Korea
Authors: Horak Sven 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine sharing behavior among male and female subjects in Korea who had been exposed to sensitive variables derived from the Korean cultural context.Design/methodology/approach– Experimental research methodology was applied based on the ultimatum game and a modified variant. The subject pool consisted of participants (N= 300) from five universities based in Seoul and its vicinity as well as Busan in South Korea.Findings– Significant differences in sharing behavior between men and women were observed. Men significantly altered behavior from egoistic to overly altruistic when exposed to the cultural variables, whereas women did not alter their behavior and maintained a fair and balanced behavior independent of the game condition.Practical implications– Results positively contribute to the current debate on gender-diversified top management teams and have implications for firms that could benefit from a greater variety of problem-solving approaches to increase the overall quality of decision-making.Originality/value– Analyzing sharing behavior using sensitive contextual variables in an experimental framework is a new approach in gender studies. Based on this approach, novel and significant context-dependent traits of divergent decision-making behavior among men and women were found.
Releasing the grip of managerial domination
Authors: Clark Michael , Cornes Michelle , Manthorpe Jill , Hennessy Catherine , Anderson Sarah 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss “system transformation” in the context of different workforces and organisations seeking to support people experiencing multiple exclusion homelessness (MEH). From a relational and integrated care perspective it aims to identify barriers to achieving more effective ways of working in the prevailing context of “managerial domination”. Communities of practice (COPs) are evaluated to identify their potential to overcome some of these barriers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper presents a theoretical and conceptual discussion of a project in which a number of COPs were established and evaluated to ascertain their value in developing more relational ways of working in the context of MEH. Case studies of COPs operating in the context of MEH are explored and discussed.

Findings
– It is concluded that COPs have the potential to deliver small-scale changes (“little miracles”) which are characteristically more subversive than transformative. Nevertheless, the authors still see these small gains as significant when compared to the inertia that is often found in local systems of care where more traditional management techniques (such as “payment by results”) prevail. The authors also draw attention to the scope for much improved service quality which flows from moving beyond the “tick box” and into the realms of what it really takes to tackle homelessness and multiple exclusion. In other words, although often requiring considerable amounts of “craft and graft” to deliver seemingly very small amounts of change, these “little miracles” may actually be more conducive in the long run to delivering the kind of tangible “real” change that is often aspired to by both workers and service users and their carers.

Research limitations/implications
– The COPs project was limited in terms of time and scale and, hence, further research would be needed to, for example, ascertain their longer-term potential.

Practical implications
– There is merit in the theoretical perspectives discussed and, from these, of understanding how best to establish and operate COPs as a vehicle for achieving better outcomes through integrated or collaborative working.

Social implications
– There is much scope for better integrated or more collaborative working in the context of MEH and this paper draws attention to how COPs could be one means of achieving better outcomes for people experiencing MEH.

Originality/value
– This is the first paper to set out the theoretical analysis of COPs as a means of achieving better integrated or collaborative working.
Working together to identify child maltreatment: social work and acute healthcare
Authors: Lewis Jane , Greenstock Jane , Caldwell Kim , Anderson Beth 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The wider research literature indicates that health professionals’ ability to identify possible child maltreatment varies, and that this can lead to under-reporting of possible maltreatment to local authority (LA) statutory child protection agencies. The purpose of this paper is to understand how acute trust paediatric and LA services work together in suspected cases of child maltreatment, and what is viewed locally as good practice.

Design/methodology/approach
– A mixed-method approach, consisting of an online survey, qualitative case studies and good practice examples, was used to describe key features of current practice in joint working between acute trusts and LA services, and to generate insights that could help improve practice.

Findings
– Holistic assessment and information gathering, supported by training and expert input, were identified as being critical to a comprehensive approach to identifying maltreatment. Both in-hospital and community-based social work arrangements can be effective bases for joint working in respect of child maltreatment. Effective joint working relies on shared vision and values, and investment in, and commitment to, collaborative working.

Research limitations/implications
– This study covered arrangements in emergency departments (EDs) and maternity departments only, so future research could usefully look more broadly within acute care settings. Study respondents were also limited to safeguarding leads so, in future, there would be real value in exploring the experiences, practices and views of frontline practitioners.

Practical implications
– The study includes practical implications for hospital and social work teams working to safeguard children.

Originality/value
– The study highlights the characteristics of effective liaison between acute trust maternity and EDS and social work teams.