bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons to be learned when designing comprehensible patient‐oriented online information about temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Uzunçıbuk Hande , Marrapodi Maria Maddalena , Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Cicciù Marco , Minervini Giuseppe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a prevalent ailment with a global impact, affecting a substantial number of individuals. While some individuals are receiving treatment from orthodontists for TMD, a significant proportion of individuals obtain knowledge through websites.ObjectivesOur purpose had been to evaluate, from a patient‐oriented perspective, the readability of home pages of websites scored in the 10 most prominent devoted to TMD. We also determined what level of education would have been needed to get an overview of the information on the websites under scrutiny. This approach ensures that our findings are centred on the patient experience, providing insights into how accessible and understandable websites about TMD.MethodsWe determined the top 10 patient‐focused English language websites by searching for ‘temporomandibular disorders’ in the ‘no country redirect’ plugin of the Google Chrome browser (www.google.com/ncr). The readability of the texts was assessed using the Gunning fog index (GFI), Coleman Liau index (CLI), Automated readability index (ARI) Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Flesch Kincald grade level (FKGL), Flesh reasing ease (FRE) (https://readabilityformulas.com).ResultsThe mean Flesch reading ease index score was determined to be 48.67, accompanied by a standard deviation of 15.04 and these websites require an average of 13.49 years of formal education (GFI), with a standard deviation of 2.62, for ease of understanding.ConclusionOur research indicates that a significant proportion of websites related to TMD can be defined as a level of complexity that exceeds the ability to read comprehension of the general population.
Oxidised rice bran oil induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in IPEC‐J2 cells via the Nrf2 signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Ruqi , Wang Chuanqi , Chen Peide , Qi Huiyu , Zhang Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRice bran oil is a type of rice oil made by leaching or pressing during rice processing and has a high absorption rate after consumption. When oxidative rancidity occurs, it may cause oxidative stress (OS) and affect intestinal function. Meanwhile, the toxic effects of oxidised rice bran oil have been less well studied in pigs. Therefore, the IPEC‐J2 cells model was chosen to explore the regulatory mechanisms of oxidised rice bran oil on OS and apoptosis. Oxidised rice bran oil extract treatment (OR) significantly decreased the viability of IPEC‐J2 cells. The results showed that OR significantly elevated apoptosis and reactive oxygen species levels and promoted the expression of pro‐apoptotic gene Caspase‐3 messenger RNA levels. The activation of Nrf2 signalling pathway by OR decreased the cellular antioxidant capacity. This was further evidenced by the expression of kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1, heme oxygenase 1, NADH: quinone oxidoreductase 1, superoxide dismutase 2 and heat shock 70 kDa protein genes and proteins were all downregulated. In conclusion, our results suggested that oxidised rice bran oil induced damage in IPEC‐J2 cells through the Nrf2 signalling pathway.
Neotropical non‐primate canopy mammals: historical trends, omissions, and geographic gaps in the knowledge
Authors: Astiazarán‐Azcárraga Alberto , Delfín‐Alfonso Christian Alejandro , Lira‐Noriega Andrés , Prieto‐Torres David A. , Gallina‐Tessaro Sonia 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Canopy mammals constitute a diverse and widely distributed group. However, these species have not been widely studied, and there are currently many gaps in our knowledge of their ecology, behaviour, distribution, and conservation status.

We identified crucial trends and omissions in terms of research effort on research themes, taxonomic groups, countries, and protected areas (PAs) and geographic information biases.

A systematic review was conducted by consulting two electronic databases (Web of Science and Scopus), including research conducted within neotropical countries (from central Mexico to northern Argentina) until the end of the first half of 2021. All the references obtained were reviewed and categorised, and the geographical location of each study was extracted to evaluate geographical gaps.

We found that two orders (Carnivora and Didelphimorphia) and three families (Didelphidae, Felidae, and Cricetidae) were the most studied taxa, and were featured in more than 50% of cases. Brazil had the highest number of studies. Topics concerning diseases (19% of cases), distribution (14%), and ecology (14%) were the most frequently addressed; only 4.6% of the studies focused on anthropogenic disturbances, and less than 30% of the studies were conducted within PAs.

We found that one of the largest and most important geographical biases in knowledge was in the northern Amazon region, where the number of studies was low or null.

This study lays the groundwork for future research on these understudied mammals, to develop better research that can allow us to design more appropriate conservation strategies.
Runs of homozygosity reveal contrasting histories of inbreeding across global lineages of the edible porcini mushroom, Boletus edulis
Authors: Brejon Lamartinière Etienne , Tremble Keaton , Dentinger Bryn T. M. , Dasmahapatra Kanchon K. , Hoffman Joseph I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInbreeding, the mating of individuals that are related through common ancestry, is of central importance in evolutionary and conservation biology due to its impacts on individual fitness and population dynamics. However, while advanced genomic approaches have revolutionised the study of inbreeding in animals, genomic studies of inbreeding are rare in plants and lacking in fungi. We investigated global patterns of inbreeding in the prized edible porcini mushroom Boletus edulis using 225 whole genomes from seven lineages distributed across the northern hemisphere. Genomic inbreeding was quantified using runs of homozygosity (ROHs). We found appreciable variation both among and within lineages, with some individuals having over 20% of their genomes in ROHs. Much of this variation could be explained by a combination of elevation and latitude, and to a lesser extent by predicted habitat suitability during the last glacial maximum. In line with this, the majority of ROHs were short, reflecting ancient common ancestry dating back approximately 200–1700 generations ago, while longer ROHs indicative of recent common ancestry (less than approximately 50 generations ago) were infrequent. Our study reveals the inbreeding legacy of major climatic events in a widely distributed forest mutualist, aligning with prevailing theories and empirical studies of the impacts of historical glaciation events on the dominant forest tree species of the northern hemisphere.
A novel MAP kinase‐interacting protein MoSmi1 regulates development and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Wang Yu , Cui Xinyue , Xiao Junlian , Kang Xiaoru , Hu Jinmei , Huang Zhicheng , Li Na , Yang Chuyu , Pan Yuemin , Zhang Shulin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cell wall is the first barrier against external adversity and plays roles in maintaining normal physiological functions of fungi. Previously, we reported a nucleosome assembly protein, MoNap1, in Magnaporthe oryzae that plays a role in cell wall integrity (CWI), stress response, and pathogenicity. Moreover, MoNap1 negatively regulates the expression of MoSMI1 encoded by MGG_03970. Here, we demonstrated that deletion of MoSMI1 resulted in a significant defect in appressorium function, CWI, cell morphology, and pathogenicity. Further investigation revealed that MoSmi1 interacted with MoOsm1 and MoMps1 and affected the phosphorylation levels of MoOsm1, MoMps1, and MoPmk1, suggesting that MoSmi1 regulates biological functions by mediating mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in M. oryzae. In addition, transcriptome data revealed that MoSmi1 regulates many infection‐related processes in M. oryzae, such as membrane‐related pathway and oxidation reduction process. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that MoSmi1 regulates CWI by mediating the MAPK pathway to affect development and pathogenicity of M. oryzae.
Histone (de)acetylation in epigenetic regulation of Phytophthora pathobiology
Authors: Guan Yufeng , Gajewska Joanna , Floryszak‐Wieczorek Jolanta , Tanwar Umesh Kumar , Sobieszczuk‐Nowicka Ewa , Arasimowicz‐Jelonek Magdalena 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhytophthora species are oomycetes that have evolved a broad spectrum of biological processes and improved strategies to cope with host and environmental challenges. A growing body of evidence indicates that the high pathogen plasticity is based on epigenetic regulation of gene expression linked to Phytophthora's rapid adjustment to endogenous cues and various stresses. As 5mC DNA methylation has not yet been identified in Phytophthora, the reversible processes of acetylation/deacetylation of histone proteins seem to play a pivotal role in the epigenetic control of gene expression in oomycetes. To explore this issue, we review the structure, diversity, and phylogeny of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) in six plant‐damaging Phytophthora species: P. capsici, P. cinnamomi, P. infestans, P. parasitica, P. ramorum, and P. sojae. To further integrate and improve our understanding of the phylogenetic classification, evolutionary relationship, and functional characteristics, we supplement this review with a comprehensive view of HATs and HDACs using recent genome‐ and proteome‐level databases. Finally, the potential functional role of transcriptional reprogramming mediated by epigenetic changes during Phytophthora species saprophytic and parasitic phases under nitro‐oxidative stress is also briefly discussed.
Potential emergence of terbinafine resistance by squalene epoxidase gene mutations: An 18‐month cohort study of onychomycosis patients in the United States
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Wang Tong , Polla Ravi Shruthi , Cooper Elizabeth A. , Bamimore Mary A. , Lincoln Sara A. , Foreman Hui‐Chen , Piguet Vincent , Bakotic Wayne L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a concerning rise in antifungal‐resistant dermatophytosis globally, with resistance to terbinafine conferred by point mutations in the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene.ObjectivesReport changes in the prevalence and profile of SQLE mutations in onychomycosis patients in the United States.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study of toenail samples was collected from suspected onychomycosis patients over an 18‐month period from 2022 to 2023. Samples were submitted from across the United States and subjected to multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reactions for dermatophyte detection, with further screening of SQLE mutations at four known hotspots (393Leu, 397Phe, 415Phe and 440His).ResultsA total of 62,056 samples were submitted (mean age: 57.5 years; female: 60.4%). Dermatophytes were detected in 38.5% of samples, primarily Trichophyton rubrum complex (83.6%) and T. mentagrophytes complex (10.7%). A survey of SQLE mutations was carried out in 22,610 dermatophyte samples; there was a significant increase in the prevalence of SQLE mutations between the first quarter of 2022 and the second quarter of 2023 (29.0 to 61.9 per 1000 persons). The Phe397Leu substitution was the predominant mutation; Phe415Ser and His440Tyr have also emerged which were previously reported as minor mutations in skin samples. The temporal change in mutation rates can be primarily attributed to the Phe415Ser substitution. Samples from elderly patients (>70 years) are more likely to be infected with the T. mentagrophytes complex including strains harbouring the Phe415Ser substitution.ConclusionThe prevalence of SQLE mutations among onychomycosis patients with Trichophyton infections may be underestimated. Older individuals may have a higher risk.
Chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase‐like complex‐mediated cyclic electron flow is the main electron transport route in C4 bundle sheath cells
Authors: Ermakova Maria , Woodford Russell , Fitzpatrick Duncan , Nix Samuel J. , Zwahlen Soraya M. , Farquhar Graham D. , von Caemmerer Susanne , Furbank Robert T. 
Published: July 2024

Summary

The superior productivity of C4 plants is achieved via a metabolic C4 cycle which acts as a CO2 pump across mesophyll and bundle sheath (BS) cells and requires an additional input of energy in the form of ATP. The importance of chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase‐like complex (NDH) operating cyclic electron flow (CEF) around Photosystem I (PSI) for C4 photosynthesis has been shown in reverse genetics studies but the contribution of CEF and NDH to cell‐level electron fluxes remained unknown.

We have created gene‐edited Setaria viridis with null ndhO alleles lacking functional NDH and developed methods for quantification of electron flow through NDH in BS and mesophyll cells.

We show that CEF accounts for 84% of electrons reducing PSI in BS cells and most of those electrons are delivered through NDH while the contribution of the complex to electron transport in mesophyll cells is minimal. A decreased leaf CO2 assimilation rate and growth of plants lacking NDH cannot be rescued by supplying additional CO2.

Our results indicate that NDH‐mediated CEF is the primary electron transport route in BS chloroplasts highlighting the essential role of NDH in generating ATP required for CO2 fixation by the C3 cycle in BS cells.
Stomatal dynamics in Alloteropsis semialata arise from the evolving interplay between photosynthetic physiology, stomatal size and biochemistry
Authors: Zhou Yanmin , Osborne Colin P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractC4 plants are expected to have faster stomatal movements than C3 species because they tend to have smaller guard cells. However, little is known about how the evolution of C4 photosynthesis influences stomatal dynamics in relation to guard cell size and environmental factors. We studied photosynthetically diverse populations of the grass Alloteropsis semialata, showing that the origin of C4 photosynthesis in this species was associated with a shortening of stomatal guard and subsidiary cells. However, for a given cell size, C4 and C3–C4 intermediate individuals had similar or slower light‐induced stomatal opening speeds than C3 individuals. Conversely, when exposed to decreasing light, stomata in C4 plants closed as fast as those in non‐C4 plants. Polyploid formation in some C4 plants led to larger stomatal cells and was associated with slower stomatal opening. Conversely, diversification of C4 diploid plants into wetter environments was associated with an acceleration of stomatal opening. Overall, there was significant relationship between light‐saturated photosynthesis and stomatal opening speed in the C4 plants, implying that photosynthetic energy production was limiting for stomatal opening. Stomatal dynamics in this wild grass therefore arise from the evolving interplay between photosynthetic physiology and the size and biochemical function of stomatal complexes.
Urban hyperspectral reference data availability and reuse: State‐of‐the‐practice review
Authors: Salcido Jessica M. O. , Laefer Debra F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHyperspectral remote sensing is currently underutilized in urban environments due to significant barriers concerning the existence, availability, and quality of urban hyperspectral reference spectra. This paper exposes these barriers by identifying, cataloging, and characterizing the contents of 23 spectral libraries, developing metrics to assess compliance with the Principles of Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability (FAIR), and evaluating existing resources using these criteria. Only 2931 urban spectral records were found within the 4 Global Spectral Libraries (0.61% of 476,592 published spectra). Within a further 19 Local Urban Spectral Libraries, 3862 additional urban spectra were found, but only 1662 (43%) were accessible without restriction. Content analysis revealed insufficient representation of urban material heterogeneity, imbalanced categories, and limited library interoperability, all of which further hinder effective data utilization. In response, this paper proposes a 14‐category metadataset, with specific considerations to overcome environmentally induced and inherent, intra‐material variability. In addition, material‐based spectral groupings and data resampling to common hyperspectral equipment specifications are recommended. These measures aim to enhance the utility of urban spectral libraries by improving FAIR compliance, thereby contributing to a more cohesive and enduring framework for hyperspectral reference data.
Is it safe to use ovarian follicular fluid from cows seropositive for brucellosis in the production of in vitro embryos?
Authors: Andrade Rafaella Silva , Custódio Dircéia Aparecida da Costa , Silva Fernandes do Vale Leonardo , Oliveira Érika Aparecida , Lage Andrey Pereira , Dorneles Elaine Maria Seles 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnimal reproduction biotechniques are important tools for the technological advancement of livestock, as they allow the selection of the reproductive potential of superior quality females and males; however, infectious diseases that have a predilection for the reproductive system can be a hindrance for the use of these technologies. Therefore, the present study aimed to detect Brucella spp. in the ovarian follicular fluid of brucellosis‐positive bovine cows. A total of 47 bovine ovarian follicular fluid aspirates from cows, positive in tests for brucellosis and from Brucella‐positive herd, were submitted to PCR. The primers used in the PCR were specific to the genus Brucella (bcsp31 gene). All 47 bovine aspirates were negative for Brucella spp. 0.00% (95% CI: 0.00–4.00%). Our results demonstrated that Brucella spp. was absent in the ovarian follicular fluid from seropositive cows, which indicates that Brucella spp.‐infected cows could be used for reproductive biotechnologies carried out with follicular aspirates. Future studies are needed to more precisely evaluate the feasibility and safety of using these oocytes from brucellosis‐seropositive cows to transfer embryos to heifers/cows not infected by Brucella, aiming to produce calves free of the infection.
Embracing the politics of transformation: Policy action as “battle‐settlement events”
Authors: Patterson James , Paterson Matthew 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSocietal transformations for addressing climate change are intensely contested and at risk of resistance and backlash to ambitious policy action. But they are frequently modeled through heuristics such as S‐curves which abstract from such conflicts, assuming increasing returns to scale as a driver of transformations. This is the case even while scholars accept the presence of political conflict in transformation processes. Within political science and allied disciplines, the notions of policy feedback and policy coalitions have been deployed to understand how such political conflicts may be understood. But these approaches risk gravitating toward an instrumental design impulse that inadvertently downplays conflict. We argue that policy action for societal transformations should be re‐conceptualized as an unfolding series of battle‐settlement events whereby heated episodic political struggles over a certain policy object or issue play out and eventually settle in ways that structure future debates while nonetheless remaining indeterminate and open to challenge or reversal. Such an approach reflects the varied empirical experiences of climate policy action to date which include both accumulation and reversal. It also helps explain trajectories of change that are discontinuous and lurching in contrast to common images of transformation as progressive and cumulative. We illustrate this approach through two cases of unfolding societal transformation on climate change: coal phaseout in the United Kingdom and renewable energy uptake in Australia.
Trade policy uncertainty and capacity utilisation rate: Firm‐level evidence from China's WTO accession
Authors: Mao Qilin , Xu Jiayun , Zhong Yiming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper was one of the first to explore the impact of trade policy uncertainty (TPU) reduction on Chinese firm capacity utilisation rate from the perspective of trade policy variation. Based on a quasi‐natural experiment of the implementation of Permanent Normal Trade Relation (PNTR) after China's WTO accession, this paper adopts the difference‐in‐difference (DID) method to conduct empirical analysis, and finds that reduction in TPU significantly raises firm capacity utilisation rate. The mechanism tests show that export expansion is an important channel through which reduction in TPU raises firm capacity utilisation rate, especially for firms exporting to the United States; reduction in TPU also raises firm capacity utilisation rate through the improvement of production efficiency; in addition, reduction in TPU raises firm capacity utilisation rate along the downstream linkages, whereas the effect of the upstream linkages is insignificant. Finally, this paper takes a step further to conduct empirical analysis at industry level, the results show that reduction in TPU also significantly raises manufacturing aggregate capacity utilisation rate, and the improvement of resource reallocation efficiency (especially the exit of the firms with backward production capacity) plays an important role. Our study was helpful to understand the driving forces of the changes in Chinese manufacturing capacity utilisation rate in recent years, and it also provides new ideas for solving over‐capacity.
Long‐lasting otic solution containing mometasone furoate can influence intradermal testing in dogs with healthy ears and otitis externa
Authors: Clegg Jennifer L. , Souza Clarissa P. , Sander William E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundTopical therapy is preferred for otitis externa (OE) in dogs. Otic products commonly contain glucocorticoids that can be systemically absorbed and possibly interfere with diagnostic tests such as intradermal testing (IDT).Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine the effect of a long‐lasting otic solution containing mometasone furoate (MF) on IDT immediate reactions and to determine withdrawal time before IDT.AnimalsSeventeen dogs with healthy ears (Group 1) and 12 with OE (Group 2).Materials and MethodsIntradermal injections of histamine, anticanine‐immunoglobulin (Ig)E and saline were subjectively and objectively evaluated before treatment and weekly for 6 weeks, after a single application of a long‐lasting otic solution containing MF.ResultsStatistically significant reductions in the mean subjective histamine scores after application of MF were observed at Weeks 1 (p = 0.012) and 2 (p = 0.028) in Group 1, and Weeks 1 (p = 0.00066), 2 (p = 0.02) and 4 (p = 0.034) in Group 2. Mean histamine objective scores were significantly reduced in Weeks 1 (p = 0.042), 2 (p = 0.0009), 3 (p = 0.001) and 5 (p = 0.018) in Group 1 only. The mean subjective anticanine‐IgE scores were significantly reduced in Week 1 in both groups (p = 0.003, p = 0.0066), respectively. There were no significant changes in the mean anticanine‐IgE objective score in either group.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceApplication of a long‐lasting otic solution containing MF can interfere with IDT immediate reactions in healthy and OE dogs. Based on the subjective evaluation, IDT can be performed ≥2 weeks after application of the otic solution in healthy dogs, and ≥4 weeks in dogs with OE.