bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color vision evaluation test
Authors: IONICA V 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Color Vision Evaluation Test (CVET) is used to test sensitivity to color and makes it possible to identify and evaluate all color vision disabilities.Methods CVET is made up of a set of 72 pseudoisochromatic images, a lamp that provides daylight illumination, and software to acquire a graphic representation of the results of the investigation. The test makes it possible to diagnose all deficiencies in seeing color, both hereditary and acquired, and measure the deficiencies on a ten level scale. Color vision has been calibrated in the same way as vision acuity. Normal color vision is considered 1, and an anopia (complete absence of a color from the chromatic spectrum) is considered 0. Between these two values there are 9 levels of an abnomal trichromacy marked from 0.9 to 0.1. The lamp provides a consistent and adequate illumination of the text charts so that the test can be replicated identically.Results The software suggests a diagnostic of the deficiency, provides 3 graphic representations, and offers a simulation of the vision of the patient on pictures chosen by the person who administers the test to better evaluate the professional abilities of the person whose color vision is tested.Conclusion The test provides accurate measurements that make it possible to evaluate the professional abilities in cases of hereditary dyschromatopsia as well as following the progress of vision disabilities or other illnesses that cause vision diasbilities.
Color perception levels in patients with hyperopia
Authors: BOGATYREVA E , KOVALEVSKAYA M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Evaluation of color perception levels in different types of hyperopia.Methods 4 groups of patients: 1 (n=35) – low hyperopia; 2 (n=29) – moderate hyperopia; 3 (n=26) – high hyperopia; 4 (control, n=39) –emmetropia. The supplement ‐ Farnsworth‐Munsell 100 Hue Test (FM 100). Measures of assessing were: total error score (TES), the level of recognition of colors (LRC), color vision deficiency (CVD), the type of color deficiency (TCD). Color vision defects were studied using a special computer program for FM 100.Results Group 1: TES=67±25 (р˂0,05), LRC 16‐100 TES, CVD 41‐100 TES, TCD individual abnormalities in blue color. Group 2: TES=93±25 (р˂0,05), LRC 16 and more TES, CVD 41‐200 TES, TCD cian, blue. Group 3: TES=180±25 (р˂0,05), LRC 101 and more TES, CVD 101 and more TES, TCD cian, blue, violet. Group 4: TES=53±25 (р˂0,05), LRC 16‐100 TES, CVD no more 100 TES, TCD individual abnormalities in blue color.Conclusion We revealed correlation between stages of hyperopia and color level perception: in the 1st group LRC average, CVD slight; 2nd group: LRC average/low, CVD slight/moderate; 3rd group: LRC low, CVD moderate/severe; 4th group: LRC average, CVD none/slight. Also, hyperopic refractive errors are associated with defects of blue color. Quantitative analysis of color vision defects with FM100 provides the possibility for detecting condition of cone photoreceptor cells, which mostly damaged in the 3rd group.
Comparing short‐duration electro‐oculogram with and without mydriasis in controls
Authors: TÜRKSEVER C , ORGÜL S , TODOROVA MG 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose In order to obtain artefact‐free EOG recordings the subject’s cooperation is necessary. The aim of our study is to evaluate recording characteristics of the short‐duration EOG and to compare the effect of mydriasis on EOG recordings in a cohort of controls.Methods EOG recordings were performed on a LED stimulus screen using a RETI‐port gamma plus2 system (RETIscanTM, Roland Consult). Dark phase included: pre‐adaptation (6min), alternate fixation (4min), fixation‐rest (20sek), 100 sweeps. Light phase included: light adaptation (4min), alternate fixation (10min), fixation‐rest (20sek), 250 sweeps. Amplifier was band pass filtered at 0.1‐50Hz. Background illumination in mydriasis was 100cd/m2 and in miosis 450cd/m2. Fast oscillations were set at 1.5sek (6 cycles; total duration 75sek).Results A total of 55 controls divided in three age‐groups participated (number; mean (years, y); ±SD): group 1: 18‐ 20y (19; 19.49y; ±0.89); group 2: 20‐40y (18; 27.91y; ±5.39) and group 3: 40‐60y (18; 48.66y; ±4.00). Arden ratio (AR), dark‐trough (DT) and light‐peak (LP) did not differ between recordings with or without mydriasis (p=0.885; p=0.860; p=0.776, linear mixed‐effects model). Age did not influence the AR, DT, LP (p= 0.206; p=0.112; p=0.155). AR, DT, LP were comparable between eyes tested (p=0.998; p=0.196; p=0.324).Conclusion Short‐duration EOG allows successful recording, where the application of mydriasis does not influence the quality of the recording.
Impact of preservatives' elimination on tolerance and efficacy of latanoprost
Authors: MISIUK HOJLO M , MULAK M , POMORSKA M , REKAS M , WIERZBOWSKA J , PROST M , WASYLUK J , LUBINSKI W , PODBORACZYNSKA‐JODKO K , ROMANIUK W , KINASZ R , ORTYL‐MARKIEWICZ R , MOCKO L , ZALESKA‐ZMIJEWSKA A , ROKICKI D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To compare the tolerance and efficacy of preservative‐free latanoprost (latanoprost‐PF) after switching from benzalkonium chloride containing agent (latanoprost‐BAK).Methods 140 patients with glaucoma or OHT controlled by latanoprost–BAK were included into the study. At a baseline visit (D0) a new formulation of latanoprost‐FP (Monoprost ®, Laboratoires Thea) was introduced. An observation was conducted, including three visits after 15, 45 and 90 days from the baseline (D15, D45, D90 respectively). The following outcomes were evaluated: BCVA, IOP, TBUT, corneal fluorescein staining and subjective assessment of tolerance by patient using 10‐ point VAS scale (0 ‐ very good, 10 ‐ very poor tolerance).Results Mean IOP during all subsequent visits was reduced compared to the baseline (p <0.006 vs D0) and measured 15.95 mmHg,15.37 mmHg, 15.33 mmHg and 15.27 mmHg at D0, D15, D45 and D90, respectively. TBUT was improved in 23.4% of patients at D45 and in 29.7% of patients at D90, but deteriorated in 8% of cases at both time points. It remained unchanged in 68.6% and 62%of patients at D45 and D90, respectively. A conjunctival hypaeremia was present in 56.8% and in 13,7%, 2,2% and 1,6% of patients at D0, D15, D45 and D90 visits, respectively. Subjective assessment of tolerance showed an improvement from 5.3 at baseline to 1.91 at D90 (p <0.0001).Conclusion Preservative‐free latanoprost has at least the same IOP‐lowering efficacy in comparison to BAK‐preserved latanoprost. Latanoprost‐PF has a better tolerability profile which may translate into better control of the treatment and better quality of life for the patient.
IOP‐lowering effect and ocular toxicity of ONO‐0476, a prodrug of a novel prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist, in normotensive cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: GOTO Y , MORIYUKI K , YAMAMOTO H , YAMANE S , SUGITANI M , HIROTA Y 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose ONO‐0476 is a prodrug of ONO‐AE9‐078, a potent and selective prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist manufactured by ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the IOP‐lowering effect and ocular toxicity of ONO‐0476 in cynomolgus monkeys.Methods The binding affinity and agonistic activity of ONO‐0476 and ONO‐AE9‐078 for the prostanoid receptors were evaluated. Male cynomolgus monkeys received single or repeated topical dosing of ONO‐0476 or current prostaglandin analogues (latanoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, bimatoprost) at a volume of 30 uL. The IOP was evaluated by using applanation pneumatonometer. Ocular toxicity was evaluated by using portable slit lamp, laser flare photometry, and ultrasound pachymetry in a 4‐week repeated dosing study in monkeys.Results ONO‐AE9‐078 had high selectivity and high affinity for the prostanoid EP2 receptor (EC50 value was 2.3 nmol/L). Single dosing of ONO‐0476 (0.3 ug/mL or more) reduced IOP in a dose‐dependent manner. IOP‐lowering effects were sustained through 24 h following a single dosing. Repeated dosing (once daily for one week) of ONO‐0476 (0.3 ug/mL) reduced IOP more potently than the current prostaglandin analogues. During 4‐week repeated dosing of ONO‐0476 (1 ug/mL), there were no evidence of significant toxicity.Conclusion ONO‐0476 causes potent and sustained IOP reduction, and has good tolerability following topical dosing. ONO‐0476 is an attractive candidate for treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
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The estimate prevalence of glaucoma & trend of glaucoma care in south korea based on national claim database
Authors: SEO SJ , BAE HW , LEE YH , LEE SY , HONG S , SEONG GJ , KIM CY 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To estimate the prevalence and to analyze the trend of glaucoma care in South Korea from 2008 to 2012.Methods Patients who diagnosed with glaucoma from 2008 to 2012 were retrospectively identified using the diagnostic code for glaucoma and the surgical codes for glaucoma surgeries in National Health Insurance (NHI) & Health Insurance Review and Assessment service(HIRA) database. The prevalence of glaucoma, glaucoma care cost, cost for glaucoma procedure and percentage of cost for glaucoma procedure were estimated.Results The number of glaucoma patients was increased by 60% from 2008 to 2012. The estimated prevalence of glaucoma in the population aged ≥ 40 years was increase from 1.30% in 2008 to 1.90% in 2012(P<0.001, test for linear trend). The prevalence of glaucoma increased with age and was higher in men than in women(OR 0.9 (95% confidential interval 0.89~0.90) in 2012). Although the cost for glaucoma procedure has increased from 2008 to 2012, the percentage of cost for glaucoma procedure among total glaucoma care cost showed a decreasing trend annually(from 9.07% in 2008 to 5.21% in 2012).Conclusion The number of glaucoma patients and the prevalence of glaucoma increased annually in South Korea. However, in this study, the prevalence of glaucoma was underestimated comparing with other population based study. This result mean glaucoma screening test was not enough to finding glaucoma patients in South Korea. In conclusion, to find glaucoma patients, it is necessary to develop glaucoma screening system in countries having similar health care circumstance with South Korea.
Cannabinoids: a novel treatment for glaucoma
Authors: SAMUDRE S , HOSSEINI A , LATTANZIO F 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Synthetic cannabinoids are emerging novel agents for the treatment of glaucoma. Although increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is a risk factor, associated retinal damage is of prime concern. This study determines the ability of cannabinoids to decrease IOP and confer neuroprotection.Methods Ocular hypertension was created in Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats by ligating 3 of 4 episcleral veins. IOP increased by at least 5 mm Hg in the operated eye. Cannabinoids, O‐1812 (1%) or O‐2545 (1%), were administered topically. IOP was measured by Goldmann tonometry at baseline (‐30), 0, 30, 60 and 120 min. For neuroprotection experiments: excitotoxic retinal damage was induced by injecting NMDA (2 ul of 10 mM) intravitreally in SD rats. Cannabinoids were injected following NMDA induction. Full‐field Electroretinograms were recorded at baseline, 1 wk and 2 wk. ERG a‐wave amplitudes are expressed as a percentage of baseline.Results After treatment with O‐2545, IOP was significantly reduced to 11±0.9 mmHg after 60 min and to 12±1.1 mmHg after 120 min compared to baseline of 14±0.6 mmHg (p<0.03, n=6). Similarly, O‐1812 treatment reduced IOP to 8.4±1.8 mmHg after 60 min and maintained for up to 120 min (p<0.001, n=6). After 1 wk, NMDA (control) reduced a‐wave amplitude by 38±0.1% (p<0.001, n=6) from baseline, O‐2545 by 46±0.02% (p<0.001, n=6) and O‐1812 by 23±0.1% (p=0.004, n=6). After 2 wks, NMDA further decreased a‐wave amplitude by 48±0.1% (p<0.001, n=6), O‐2545 by 39±0.03% (p<0.05, n=6) and O‐1812 by 8±0.1% (p=0.08, n=6).Conclusion Topically applied cannabinoids are effective agents that reduce IOP and confer neuroprotection and are prime candidates for potential glaucoma treatment.
Position of the central retinal vessel trunk and location of visual field and parapapillary nerve fibers damage in early to moderate glaucoma
Authors: BESOMBES G , GRUNEWALD F , ROULAND J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To address the question of whether the position of the central retinal vessel trunk (CRVT) exit in the optic disc has a spatial relationship with glaucomatous damageMethods This clinical observational study included patients with early to moderate primary open‐angle glaucoma. The position of the CRVT exit on the lamina cribrosa was evaluated on optic disc photographs. Visual field tests and retinal nerve fibers layer (RNFL) thicknesses, as measured by optical coherence tomography, were evaluated.Results The study included 65 eyes with a CRVT mostly decentered into the nasal region followed by the temporal half of the optic disc. Comparing measurements between the opposite disc quadrants indicated that the RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in the inferotemporal quadrant when the CRVT was located in the superonasal quadrant compared with an exit in the inferonasal (p=0.0183) or temporal (p=0.0039) quadrant. The distance from the CRVT to the nasal disc border was significantly smaller and correlated positively with the occurrence of RNFL abnormality in the temporal region (p=0.0334). Visual field defect incidence was higher in the superonasal quadrant of the pattern deviation plot when the CRVT was located in the superonasal quadrant compared with an exit in the inferonasal quadrant (p<0.0003). Temporal visual field abnormalities occurred more often when the CRVT exit was located in the temporal part of the optic disc than when the CRVT exit was located in the nasal half (p=0.008).Conclusion Local susceptibility for development of glaucomatous damage correlates with the distance to the CRVT, which may act as a stabilizing element against the deformation of the lamina cribrosa.
Progression rate in glaucoma using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: LEE Y 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the thining rates of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), macular and ganclion cell‐inner plexiform layer (GC‐IPL) thickness in eyes with POAG, NTG and ACG.Methods Retrospective cohort study included 145 eyes of 90 glaucoma patient(POAG 70; NTG 60; ACG 15). RNFL, macular and GI‐IPL thickness were measured by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus SD‐OCT). Also all the patient was re‐classified as 3 groups according to visual field severity (early, moderate and advanced) and as 3 groups according to spherical equivalent (myopia, mild myopia and hyperopia). The meaningful thining was defined on exceed the age‐related physiological loss.Results The mean (±SD) follow‐up period was 3.86±0.16 years. ACG eyes showed highest progression rate of RNFLT in all of quadrant and clock hour. NTG eyes showed no significant different in average RNFLT but significantly higher RNFL thining rates than POAG in inferior quadrant. In ACG eyes, RNFLT thining rate is highest in clock‐hour‐6. In NTG eyes showed highest in clock‐hour‐7 while similar rate in clock‐hour‐7 and clock‐hour‐12 in POAG eyes. Thining of macular thickness is highest at outer inferior sector and thining of GC‐IPL is highest in inferior sector and inferior hemifield. Thining rate of RNFLT is slower in myopic eyes than mild myopic and hyperopic eyes. In the advanced group, thining rate of RNFLT is slower than early and moderate groups.Conclusion Reduction rate of RNFL, macular and GC‐IPL thickness calculated by Ciruss SD‐OCT is differ according to the types of glaucoma, spherical equivalent and severity of glaucoma.
Color Doppler imaging and glaucoma: comparison of Doppler Waveform and velocities of retrobulbar vessels between a glaucomatous patient and a healthy subject
Authors: VERTICCHIO VERCELLIN A , CUTOLO C , DELLAFIORE C , LAVA M , TINELLI C , CALLIADA F , MILANO G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To compare the colour Doppler imaging (CDI) waveform and velocities of the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA) of a patient with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) compared to a healthy subject.Methods The right eye of two subjects (a patient with NTG and a healthy subject) were investigated. The same examiner performed CDI examination of the OA, CRA and SPCA using the CDI device ESAOTE MYLAB™ (probe LA533 13‐6 MHz small parts‐vascular linear array). The peak systolic velocity (PSV), the end‐diastolic velocity (EDV), the resulting resistivity index (RI) were evaluated. Two aspects of the Doppler waveform were considered: the Early Systolic Acceleration (the slope of the fastest moving portion of the systolic component, ESA) and the ratio between the mean velocities of the systolic and diastolic components (Sm/Dm).Results All the measured velocities, except for the PSV in the ophthalmic artery, are reduced and the RIs are increased in the glaucomatous patient compared to the healty subject. Moreover, ESA is reduced and Sm/Dm increased if compared to the healthy volunteer.Conclusion The values obtained are in agreement with the literature. Further studies are needed to evaluate the degree of the pathological alterations and their role in the progression of the optic nerve injury.
Analyze of visual field indices in ocular hypertension: PROG‐F3 study
Authors: DELBARRE M , GIRAUD JM , APTEL F , EL CHEHAB H , RENARD JP 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To analyze visual field (VF) indices and their progression of patients treated for ocular hypertension (OHT).Methods This retrospective study concerned 27.4% of a bicentric cohort (121 eyes of 441). These eyes with normal VF and without clinical structural defect at inclusion were monitored and treated for OHT at least 9.7+/‐1.65yrs. Patients underwent every 6 months an eye examination and a reproducible VF testing (Humphrey Field Analyser, SITA Standard 24‐2, Carl Zeiss Meditec). At the end of follow‐up, patients who developed POAG were included in evolutive group and patients without functional defects were considered stable. MD, VFI, and their rate of progression were analyzed. Statistical analyse compared populations by a Student t‐test and diagnostic performance was assessed by sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).Results Evolutive group included 46 eyes and stable group included 58 eyes. Rate of progression of MD (dB/yr) for stable and evolutive groups were respectively ‐0.007 and ‐0.285 (p <0.001). Rate of progression of VFI (%/yr) for stable and evolutive groups were respectively ‐0.026 and ‐0.407 (p=0.001). Initial MD (dB) at beginning of follow up for stable and evolutive groups were 1.139 and 0.616 (p<0.001). Initial VFI (%) were 99.793 and 99.304 (p<0.001). AUC were, respectively, for MD and VFI rate of progression : 0.967 and 0.827. The best cut off value of AUROC was for MD rate of progression: ‐0.100 dB/yr (Se=93.5%, Sp=93.1%).Conclusion Rate of progression of MD and VFI in OHT evolutive group were higher than in OHT stable group. This study reports a higher diagnostic power for rate of progression of MD. It could be used to screen OHT patients at risk of POAG.
Risk factors for an initial central scotoma compared with an initial peripheral scotoma
Authors: CHO B , KANG JW , PARK BJ 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To investigate the risk factors for an initial central scotoma (ICS) compared with an initial peripheral scotoma (IPS) in normal tension glaucoma (NTG).Methods Sixty NTG patients (60 eyes) with an ICS and 106 NTG patients (106 eyes) with an IPS were included. Retrospectively, the differences were assessed with baseline characteristics, ocular factors, systemic factors, and life style factors between two groups. Also, the parameters of visual field were compared between two groups. Clinical characteristics and various systemic factors were analyzed between the 2 groups.Results Patients from both ICS and IPS groups were of similar age, gender, family history of glaucoma, and follow‐up periods. Frequency of disc hemorrhage was significantly higher among patients with an ICS than in patients with an IPS (p<0.001). Moreover, systemic risk factors such as hypotension, migraine, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and snoring were more prevalent in the ICS group than in the IPS group (p<0.001, p=0.002, p= 0.007, p= 0.009, respectively). There were no statistically differences in lifestyle risk factor such as smoking or body mass index. Pattern standard deviation was significantly greater in the ICS group than in the IPS group (p=0.005), but the mean deviation was similar between the 2 groups (p=0.096).Conclusion NTG patients with ICS and IPS have different profiles of risk factors and clinical characteristics. This suggests that the pattern of initial VF loss may be useful to identify patients at higher risk of central field loss.
Intraocular pressure dynamics during one year followup after phacotrabeculectomy versus trabeculectomy for primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: POPA CHERECHEANU A , COMAN C , PIRVULESCU R , DASCALU AM , GEAMANU A , STANA D , DUTA S , GRADINARU S , IANCU R 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Maintaining intraocular pressure in range of target values interval is one of the desiderates of antiglaucoma surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP) variations occur after trabeculectomy or phacotrabeculectomy. The aim of our study is to provide data regarding the magnitude of these variations during one year following the surgical interventions mentioned above.Methods This is a study assessing two groups, one comprising of 28 patients that underwent trabeculectomy with 5‐fluorouracil and the other comprising of 26 patients that underwent phacotrabeculectomy with 5‐fluorouracil. All patients had surgery for uncontrolled primary open angle glaucoma. The IOP was monitored using Goldmann aplanotonometry 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year postoperative.Results The difference between the mean IOP after 1 year and the preoperative IOP was statistically significant in both groups (9.41 +/‐4,32 mmHg, 42% reduction in trabeculectomy group, p value 4.45x10‐19 and 8.03+/‐5,17 mmHg, 34% reduction in phacotrabeculectomy group, p value 1.46x10‐9) and the mean IOP was significantly reduced at all time points in both groups.Conclusion IOP was statistically significant reduced after surgery in both groups. The maximal variation occurred after phacotrabeculectomy, with the highest magnitude in the first 6 months after surgery. In the following 6 months, IOP did not change statistically significant after either phacotrabeculectomy or trabeculectomy.