bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Prenylated Flavones from the Roots of Ficus Beecheyana
Authors: Lee Ching‐Kuo , Lu Chung‐Kuang , Kuo Yuen‐Hsiung , Chen Jian‐Zhi , Sun Guang‐Zhong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo new prenylated flavanones, ficubee A and ficubee B, respectively, as 7,8‐(2,2‐dimethylpyrano)‐6‐prenyl‐5,3′,4′‐trihydroxyflavone and 6,7‐(2,2‐dimethylpyrano)‐8‐prenyl‐5,3′,4′‐trihydroxyflavone were isolated from the roots of Ficus beecheyana together with twelve known compounds: β‐sitosterol, 5‐stigmasten‐3β,7α‐diol, 5‐stigmasten‐3β,7β‐diol, 3β‐hydroxystigmast‐5‐en‐7‐one, 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzaldehyde, 1‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐ethanone, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzoic acid, 4‐hydroxy‐cinnamic acid, seseline, xanthyletin, and psoralene. The structures of these secondary metabolites were determined by spectroscopic means and in comparison with published data.
Chemical Constituents from the Stems of Mahonia Japonica
Authors: Hsieh Tian‐Jye , Chia Yi‐Chen , Wu Yang‐Chang , Chen Chung‐Yi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new dihydroberberine alkaloid, 7,8‐dihydro‐8‐methoxyberberine (1), along with six known compounds including two dihydroberberine alkaloids, 7,8‐dihydro‐8‐hydroxyberberine (2) and oxyberberine (3) and four protoberberine alkaloids, berberine (4), palmatine (5), jatrorrhizine (6) and columbamine (7), were isolated from the stems of Mahonia japonica. These compounds were characterized and identified by physical and spectral evidence.
Effects of zirconium content on the catalytic performance of BiMoZrx in the oxidative dehydrogenation of 1‐butene to 1,3‐butadiene
Authors: Wan Chao , Cheng Dang‐guo , Chen Fengqiu , Zhan Xiaoli 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of 1‐butene has been considered as a potential process for manufacturing 1,3‐butadiene (BD). The introduction of metal oxides to pure bismuth molybdate, a promising catalyst for the ODH reaction, can be expected to improve the catalysts performance. In this work, multicomponent bismuth molybdate oxide (BiMoZrx) catalysts for ODH of 1‐butene were prepared by a co‐precipitation method with variation of zirconium content (x = 0–0.5), and the influence of zirconium on catalytic performance was investigated.RESULTSThe zirconium content has a significant effect on the structure and performance of the catalyst. The conversion of 1‐butene and the BD yield over BiMoZrx catalysts display volcano curves with respect to zirconium content. Among the catalysts tested, BiMoZr0.4 exhibits superior activity.CONCLUSION1‐butene temperature‐programmed re‐oxidation (TPRO) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations demonstrate that zirconium content is related to the oxygen mobility of BiMoZrx catalysts, and oxygen mobility is a crucial factor determining catalytic performance in the ODH reaction. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Photoelektronenspektren organischer Verbindungen IX. Sterisch fixierte Bicyclopropyle
Authors: Asmus Peter , Klessinger Martin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie Mono‐und Dispirocyclopropylderivate 1‐4 des Norbornans und des Bicyclo [2,2,2]Octans wurden durch direkte Cyclopropanierung der entsprechenden exo‐Methylenverbindungen dargestellt und mit Hilfe der 13C‐NMR‐Spektren charakterisiert. Die Photoelektronenspektren lassen eine ausgeprägte Wechselwirkung zwischen den antisymmetrischen Walsh‐Orbitalen der sterisch fixierten Bicyclopropylsysteme von 2 und 4 erkennen.
Borverbindungen XXXVII. An der Vinylgruppe substituierte, (Z/E)‐isomere Diäthyl‐(vinyloxy)borane aus Triäthylboran und Vinylcarbonylverbindungen
Authors: Fenzl Wolfgang , Köster Roland , Zimmermann Hans‐Joachim 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie 1,4‐Addition von Triäthylboran an Methylacrolein (1a), Methylketon (1b), Iso‐Propenylmethylketon (1c). Phenylvinylketon (1d)und Isopropenylphenylketon (1e) führt zwischen −78 und −100°C bei stark unterschiedlicher Stereoselektivität in Ausbeuten von 50‐85% zu den (Z/E)‐Isomeren von an der Vinylgruppe substituierten Diäthy(vinyloxyboranen Ät2BO(R1)C‐CH2Ät 2a e. Deren Strukturen und Konfigurationen ließen sich 1H‐NMR ‐und 13C‐NMR‐spektroskopisch ermitteln, bei (Z E)‐2b und (Z)‐2d zusätzlich nach Umwandeln in (r‐4‐cit‐5.6)‐trisubstituierte 1.3.2‐ Dioxaborinanderivate 4 über die erythro/threo‐3‐Diäthylboryloxyketone 3.
Synthese von C‐3‐verzweigten Steroiden der Cardenolidreihe
Authors: Albrecht Hans P. , Kunz Bernhard 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDurch Addition von LiR (R = CH3, C2H5, CHCH2, C6H5) and NaCCH an Digitoxigenon (2) werden die an C‐3 verzweigten Cardenolide 4a‐e and 5a‐e erhalten. Reaktion von 2 mit Dimethylsulfoxoniummethylid gibt das Oxiran 8, während bei der Umsetzung mit Dimethylsulfoniummethylid 9 gebildet wird. Wittig‐Reaktion von 2 mit Methylentriphenylphosphoran liefert das Olefin 10, das durch Epoxidierung mit H2O2 in Acetonitril in 9 übergeführt werden kann.
Katalyse durch Phthalocyanine, XVIII. Autoxidation von Cumol und Photooxidation von α‐sowie β‐Pinen in Gegenwart von Magnesiumphthalocyanin
Authors: Kropf Heinz , Kasper Barbara 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie Autoxidation von Cumol (bei 80 und 100°C) wird durch Magnesiumphthalocyanin beschleunigt, wobei der Katalysator im Verlauf der Reaktion ausbleicht. Die lineare Abhängigkeit der Initialgeschwindigkeit von der Konzentration des Magnesiumphthalocyanins bei 80°C zeigt, daβ eine Aktivierung des molekularen Sauerstoffs erfolgt. Die lineare Abhangigkeit der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten ks im Bereich der ansteigenden Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von der reziproken Katalysatorkonzentration wird als eine Reaktion des Magnesiumphthalocyanins mit Alkylperoxylradikalen gedeutet. — Bei 100°C ist die Initialgeschwindigkeit von der Konzentration an Magnesiumphthalocyanin unabhängig, liegt jedoch über der der nicht katalysierten Reaktion. Der ks‐Wert steigt mit der Katalysatorkonzentration an. Der Mechanismus der Autoxidation wird vor allem im Zusammenhang mit Ergebnissen bei der Autoxidation von 1.1‐Diphenylathan in Gegenwart von Kupfer‐ und Nickelphthalocyanin diskutiert. — α‐ und β‐Pinen werden in Gegenwart von Magnesiumphthalocyanin photosensibilisiert (Ne‐Lampe, 30°C, 2‐Propanol als Lösungsmittel) zu 2(10)‐Pinen‐3‐yl‐hydroperoxid bzw. 2‐Pinen‐10‐ylhydroperoxid oxidiert.
Synthese und Reaktionen von 3‐Alkyl‐4‐amino‐l,2,4‐triazin‐5‐onen
Authors: Draber Wilfried , Timmler Helmut , Dickoré Karlfried , Donner Wolfgang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract3‐Alkyl‐4‐arnino‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5‐one 4 sind aus Acylhydrazonen von α‐Ketocarbonsäuren oder deren Ester 1 durch direkte Umsetzung mit Hydrazin, zum Teil über die Zwischenstufe der Hydrazide 3 oder über die Hydrazidchloride 2 herstellbar. Die Umsetzung von 2 mit primären Aminen oder substituierten Hydrazinen ist eine allgemein anwendbare Synthese für die Triazinone 5. Reduktion mit Natriumtetrahydroborat ergibt die 5‐Hydroxy‐3,4‐dihydrotriazine 8. Die Azomethine 7 werden durch Natriumtetrahydroborat abhängig von R4, R5 entweder zu den 4‐Amino‐5‐hydroxy‐3,4‐dihydrotriazinen 8f und g oder den Azomethinen 8h reduziert. CNDO/2‐Berechnungen der 4‐Aminotriazinone 4 zeigen, daß das N‐2 das nucleophilste Ringatom ist.
1,2‐Dithiacyclopentene, XXX)Thiomalonsaurederivate aus 5‐(N‐Alkylanilino)‐4‐chlor3H‐1,3‐onen
Authors: Boberg Friedrich , Schröder Jürgen , Schardt Richard 
Published: October 2014

Abstract5‐(N‐Alkyl‐N‐arylamino)‐4‐chlor‐3H‐1,2‐dithiole 1 reagieren mit Grignard‐Verbindungen 2 zu [N‐Alkyl‐N(aryl)thiocarbamoyl] Chlorthioessigsäure‐S‐estern 5.[N‐Aryl‐N‐(Methyl)thiocarbamoyl] chlorthioessigsäure‐S‐ester 5a h liefern mit den Aminen 6[N‐Aryl‐N‐(methyl)‐thiocarbamoyl]chlorthioessigsäurederivate und Chloressigsäurederivate 7 bzw. 8.
1,2‐Dithiacyclopentene, XXXI)3‐Methyl‐2‐methylenbenzothiazoline aus Chlor(N‐methyl‐N‐(pheny1)thiocarbamoyll thioessigsäure‐S‐phenylester, Versuche zur Darstellung eines Thiirens
Authors: Boherg Friedrich , Schröder Jürgen , Schardt Richard 
Published: October 2014

AbstractChlor[N‐methyl‐N‐(phenyl)thiocarbamoyl]thioessigsäure‐S‐phenylester (1) reagiert in alkoholischem Medium unter intramolekularer HCl‐Abspaltung zu (3‐Methylbenzothiazolin‐ 2‐yliden)thioessigsäure‐S‐phenylester (5) und ‐essigsäure‐alkylestern 7a, b. Zwischenprodukte werden diskutiert.
Electromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic metamaterial waveguides
Authors: Fathallah Wyssem , Sakli Hedi , Aguili Taoufik 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we present the formalism of the transverse operator method (TOM). A rigorous study of propagation in anisotropic and multi‐layer medium using the tensor character of the permeability and permittivity is presented. With the application of the Galerkin method, the propagating modes in metallic rectangular waveguides filled with anisotropic metamaterial are exploited. The results are compared with those previously published and show a good agreement. The complex modes have been obtained.The advantages of the techniques used in this paper lie in the proper analytical formulation of the problem studied, on the one hand, and the speed of convergence, on the other hand. TOM offers a fast convergence of the propagation constant. This shows the effectiveness of our numerical model. As such, the formulation of the transverse operator could be a useful tool for microwave engineers. This type of materials known as metamaterial is widely used and needed by industries and information technology, especially in microwave and radiofrequency devices such as patch antennas, antennas waveguides, resonators, circulators, isolators, phase shifters, and filters. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological and nutritional properties of blackcurrant berries (Ribes nigrum L.) under conditions of shading nets
Authors: Djordjevic Boban , Šavikin Katarina , Djurovic Dejan , Veberic Robert , Mikulič Petkovšek Maja , Zdunić Gordana , Vulic Todor 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDChanges of environmental factors, created under the influence of various shading nets, could significantly affect the biological characteristics of plants grown in such conditions as well as biosynthesis of primary metabolites and ascorbic acid. Five blackcurrant cultivars – 'Ben Sarek', 'Ben Nevis', 'Ben Lomond', 'Ometa' and 'Čačanska Crna' – were cultivated in the shade of two green polyethylene nets and exposed to direct sunlight during two experimental seasons.RESULTSIn the control treatment, all cultivars contained the highest amounts of soluble solid content and number of flower buds per shoot in both years of cultivation. The bushes exposed to direct sunlight had the highest sunburn damage to the berries and leaves, and loss of yield. The greatest yield loss caused by berry damage in the present study during the experimental period was in cultivar 'Ben Sarek': 9.0% in 2010 and 15.4% in 2011. Growing in the shade of light‐green net contributed the highest content of ascorbic acid. Control bushes and those shaded by light‐green net had significantly higher radical scavenging activity, with values between 1.15 and 1.22 mg mL−1.CONCLUSIONPlants shaded by nets in both years of cultivation had lower damage to leaves and berries and percentage of loss of yield, and usage of the net would be economically advantageous to growers. Fruit of blackcurrant cultivars grown in shading conditions still represent a good source of valuable nutritive and biologically active compounds. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Rational representations and robust stabilization in the behavioral framework
Authors: Gottimukkala Sasanka V. , Trentelman Harry L. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we study the problem of robust stabilization for linear differential systems in the behavioral framework. We study the existence of controllers that regularly stabilize all plants in a given neighborhood around a certain nominal plant. We call such controllers robustly stabilizing controllers. This problem was studied in the behavioral framework by Trentelman, H.L et al. In contrast to their work, however, in the present paper, we study the problem considering neighborhoods that are defined entirely representation free. These neighborhoods are induced by different kinds of concepts of distance between behaviors. As one of our main results we obtain that a given controller regularly stabilizes all plants in one of these neighborhoods if and only if it regularly stabilizes all plants in all of the other neighborhoods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of starch hydrolysates following in vitro oral digestion: Effect of botanical source of starch and hydrothermal treatments
Authors: Nantanga Komeine K. M. , Bertoft Eric , Seetharaman Koushik 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDigestion of starch in humans occurs progressively in the gut. However, the literature is scant on the structures of the starch digestion products along the gut from the mouth to the small intestines – products that impact glucose homeostasis. This submission focuses on the first step of starch digestion, i.e., impact of human salivary amylase on the structure of hydrolysis products obtained from cooked starches from different botanical sources. Normal corn (NCS), normal wheat (NWS), and normal potato (NPS) starches were cooked at 1:0.7 (T0.7) or 1:2 (T2) starch:water ratios. Cooked starches were subjected to salivary amylase at conditions mimicking oral digestion. Extent of hydrolysis was lower at T0.7 compared to T2, but the amount of carbohydrates in different fractions and the MW profiles within each treatment showed no apparent differences between starches from different botanical sources. However, debranching of the hydrolysates revealed structural differences between the different starches with regards to extent of amylose hydrolysis and the amount and profile of lower MW fractions. Therefore, the structures of hydrolysates that are likely the substrate for subsequent hydrolysis in the gut are different based on cooking condition or botanical source of starch, with potential consequence for glucose homeostasis.
Morphology, physical, chemical, and functional properties of starches from cereals, legumes, and tubers cultivated in Africa: A review
Authors: Emmambux M. Naushad , Taylor John R. N. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn Africa a variety of indigenous cereals, legumes, and tubers are cultivated as starchy food crops. These include sorghum, millet species including pearl millet, finger millet, teff, and white and black fonio, and African rice as cereals; cowpea, Bambara groundnut, African yambean and West African locust bean as legumes; and Zulu round potato and the Livingstone potato as tubers. Many of these plants are considered as “lost crops of Africa.” This paper critically reviews the literature on the physical, chemical, and functionality of their starches. Information is essentially limited to the native starches of sorghum, some millets, and cowpea. Livingstone potato starch information is essentially absent. Notable characteristics of African starches include that teff and finger millet have compound starch granules. Some of the starches have unique properties which could be valuable. The very small granular size of teff and its functional properties can be exploited as a fat replacer. The high retrogradation of cowpea starch has potential in gluten‐free pasta and noodles. Nonfood applications for the African starches should be considered in the growing mining and oil industries in Africa.
Octupolar Molecules for Nonlinear Optics: From Molecular Design to Crystals and Films with Large Second‐Harmonic Generation
Authors: Jeong Mi‐Yun , Cho Bong Rae 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe summarize the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of octupolar molecules, crystals, and films developed in our laboratory. We present the design strategy, structure–property relationship, and second‐order NLO properties of 1,3,5‐trinitro‐ and 1,3,5‐tricyano‐2,4,6‐tris(p‐diethylaminostyryl)benzene (TTB) derivatives, TTB crystals, and films prepared by free‐casting TTB in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The first hyperpolarizability of TTB was fivefold larger than that of the dipolar analogue. Moreover, the TTB crystal showed unprecedentedly large second‐harmonic generation (SHG). While TTB crystal films (20 wt% TTB/PMMA) on various substrates showed appreciable SHG values, the cylinder film exhibited much larger SHG values and large electro‐optic (EO) coefficients. The large SHG values and EO coefficients, as well as the high thermal stability of the cylinder film, will make it a potential candidate for NLO device applications.
Esophageal Cancer Management: Preoperative CA19.9 and CEA Serum Levels May Identify Occult Advanced Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Scarpa Marco , Noaro Giulia , Saadeh Luca , Cavallin Francesco , Cagol Matteo , Alfieri Rita , Plebani Mario , Castoro Carlo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundEsophagectomy is contraindicated in case of advanced cancer (i.e., carcinomatosis, distant metastasis, and invasion of other organs). In some cases, preoperative imaging may fail to identify advanced neoplasm and esophagectomy is inappropriately planned. The aim of the study was to identify preoperative biomarkers of occult advanced disease that force surgeons to abort the planned esophagectomy.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2014, 244 consecutive patients were taken to the operative room to have esophagectomy for cancer in our department. All of them had blood test at admission and their preoperative biomarker data were retrieved. Their medical history was collected and the intraoperative findings and outcome were recorded. Non parametric tests, multiple regression analysis, and ROC curves analysis were performed.ResultsIn our study group, 14 (5.7 %) patients, scheduled for esophagectomy, were discovered to have occult advanced disease at laparotomy/laparoscopy or at thoracotomy. Six of them had peritoneal carcinomatosis, three had advanced tumor invading other organs, three had small liver metastasis, and two pleural carcinomatosis. In all these cases, esophagectomy was aborted and a feeding jejunostomy was placed. In patients with unresectable esophageal cancer, CA19.9 and CEA serum levels were significantly higher than patients who could have esophagectomy (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). CA19.9 and CEA resulted to be accurate biomarkers of occult advanced disease (AUC = 85 %, p < 0.001 and AUC = 73 %, p = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsPreoperative CEA and CA19.9 serum levels should be taken in consideration when evaluating patients candidate to esophagectomy for esophageal cancer to prevent inappropriate laparotomy or thoracotomy. If any doubt arises minimally invasive exploration is warranted.
BAYESIAN CHAIN LADDER MODELS
Authors: Taylor Greg 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe literature on Bayesian chain ladder models is surveyed. Both Mack and cross-classified forms of the chain ladder are considered. Both cases are examined in the context of error terms distributed according to a member of the exponential dispersion family. Tweedie and over-dispersed Poisson errors follow as special cases. Bayesian cross-classified chain ladder models may randomise row, column or diagonal parameters. Column and diagonal randomisation has been largely absent from the literature until recently. The present paper allows randomisation of row and column parameters. The Bayes estimator, the linear Bayes (credibility) estimator, and the MAP estimator are shown to be identical in the Mack case, and in the cross-classified case provided that the error terms are Tweedie distributed. In the Mack case the variance structure is generalised considerably from the existing literature. In the cross-classified case the model structure differs somewhat from the existing literature, and a comparison is made between the two. MAP estimators for the cross-classified case are often given by implicit equations that require numerical solution. Recursive formulas are given for these in the general case of error terms from the exponential dispersion family. The connection between the cross-classified case and Bornhuetter-Ferguson prediction is explored.
Ebola Outbreak Response: The Role of Information Resources and the National Library of Medicine
Authors: Love Cynthia B. , Arnesen Stacey J. , Phillips Steven J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe US National Library of Medicine (NLM) offers Internet-based, no-cost resources useful for responding to the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak. Resources for health professionals, planners, responders, and researchers include PubMed, Disaster Lit, the Web page “Ebola Outbreak 2014: Information Resources,” and the Virus Variation database of sequences for Ebolavirus. In cooperation with participating publishers, NLM offers free access to full-text articles from over 650 biomedical journals and 4000 online reference books through the Emergency Access Initiative. At the start of a prolonged disaster event or disease outbreak, the documents and information of most immediate use may not be in the peer-reviewed biomedical journal literature. To maintain current awareness may require using any of the following: news outlets; social media; preliminary online data, maps, and situation reports; and documents published by nongovernmental organizations, international associations, and government agencies. Similar to the pattern of interest shown in the news and social media, use of NLM Ebola-related resources is also increasing since the start of the outbreak was first reported in March 2014 (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-4)
Excess body iron and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nested case–control in the PREDIMED (PREvention with MEDiterranean Diet) study
Authors: Arija Victoria , Fernández-Cao José C. , Basora Josep , Bulló Mònica , Aranda Nuria , Estruch Ramón , Martínez-González Miguel A. , Salas-Salvadó Jordi 
Published: October 2014

A prospective nested case–control study within the PREvention with MEDiterranean Diet (PREDIMED) was conducted to evaluate the relationship between excess body Fe (measured as serum ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and sTfR:ferritin ratio) and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a Mediterranean population at a high risk of CVD, without T2DM at the start of the study. The study contained 459 subjects, 153 with incident T2DM (cases) and 306 without incident T2DM (controls). The follow-up period was for 6·0 (interquartile range 3·9–6·5) years. For each incident diabetic subject, two subjects were selected as controls who were matched broadly for age as well as for sex, intervention group and BMI. We observed a relationship between SF values >257 μg/l in males and >139 μg/l in females and the risk of T2DM, following adjustment in the conditional logistic regression model for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fasting glucose and other components of the metabolic syndrome (OR 3·62, 95 % CI 1·32, 19·95;P= 0·022). We also found an association between low sTfR:ferritin ratio levels and the incidence of T2DM (OR 3·02, 95 % CI 1·09, 8·39;P= 0·042), but no association with sTfR (OR 1·29, 95 % CI 0·51, 3·23;P= 0·722). Oxidative stress has been hypothesised to contribute to the development of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, the two key events in the clinical development of T2DM. Following adjustment for other risk factors for T2DM, excess body Fe (measured as SF and sTfR:ferritin ratio) was associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM in a Mediterranean population at a high risk of CVD.