bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The meaning of recovery in a regional mental health service: an action research study
Authors: Kidd Susan , Kenny Amanda , McKinstry Carol 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimTo explore the meaning of the term recovery to people with experience providing and receiving mental health services.BackgroundInternationally, governments have proposed recovery‐oriented mental health policy. In practice, people managing mental health difficulties struggle to recover, self‐manage, or improve their quality of life. Mental health services increasingly provide acutely focused and poorly coordinated services to people experiencing mental health difficulties, with self‐management, wellness and recovery overlooked.DesignA cooperative enquiry, action research design guided the study. Participants were people with experience of mental health difficulties from consumer, carer and clinician perspectives.MethodData were collected between August 2012–July 2013. Analysis was conducted using an iterative process for the duration of the study. A thematic network was developed that reflected key organizing themes.ResultsThe overarching theme developed from the participants' group discussions, reflections, actions and observations was recovery as an ongoing quest in life. This global theme was constructed from five organizing themes: ‘finding meaning’, ‘an invisible disability’, ‘empowerment and agency’ ‘connection’ and ‘the passage of time’.ConclusionParticipatory approaches support the inclusion of lived experience perspectives. Structured processes are needed to bring different perspectives together to find solutions, through dialogue, and acknowledge the barriers to participation that people who use mental health services experience. The lack of integration of lived experience perspectives demonstrates forms of discrimination that inhibit consumer participation and prevent the recovery‐oriented transformation required in mental health systems.
Borrowed philosophy: bedside physicalism and the need for asui generismetaphysic of medicine
Authors: Whatley Shawn D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe character of medicine has changed over the last 100 years such that medicine is more interested in diseases than the people who suffer from them. Despite notable efforts to address this, the medical humanities do not challenge doctors' fundamental view of the world. Students adopt a metaphysic of physicalism during basic science training that gets carried into medical training. While necessary for medical science, physicalism is insufficient for clinical care. Physicalism offers no foundation for thesine qua nonof medicine, the doctor–patient relationship. The character of medicine will not see a renewed interest in humanity until educators address the insufficiency of physicalism for clinical care, and clinicians partner with experts in the humanities to build asui generisphilosophy of medicine.
Analysis of dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction in genetic and toxin‐induced models of Parkinson's disease in Drosophila
Authors: Navarro Juan A. , Heßner Sabina , Yenisetti Sarat C. , Bayersdorfer Florian , Zhang Li , Voigt Aaron , Schneuwly Stephan , Botella Jose A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster has contributed significantly to the understanding of disease mechanisms in Parkinson's disease (PD) as it is one of the very few PD model organisms that allow the study of age‐dependent behavioral defects, physiology and histology, and genetic interactions among different PD‐related genes. However, there have been contradictory results from a number of recent reports regarding the loss of dopaminergic neurons in different PD fly models. In an attempt to re‐evaluate and clarify this issue, we have examined three different genetic (α‐synuclein, Pink1, parkin) and two toxin‐based (rotenone and paraquat) models of the disease for neuronal cell loss. Our results showed no dopaminergic neuronal loss in all models tested. Despite this surprising result, we found additional phenotypes showing the dysfunctional status of the dopaminergic neurons in most of the models analyzed. A common feature found in most models is a quantifiable decrease in the fluorescence of a green‐fluorescent protein reporter gene in dopaminergic neurons that correlates well with other phenotypes found for these models and can be reliably used as a hallmark of the neurodegenerative process when modeling diseases affecting the dopaminergic system in Drosophila.
image
Analyzing three genetic and two toxin‐based Drosophila models of Parkinson's disease (PD) through green fluorescent protein reporter and α‐tyrosine hydroxylase staining, we have found the number of dopaminergic neurons to remain unchanged. Despite the lack of neuronal loss, we have detected a remarkable decrease in a reporter green‐fluorescent protein (GFP) signal in dopaminergic neurons, suggesting an abnormal neuronal status that correlates with the phenotypes associated with those PD fly models.
Nucleic acid sensing and beyond: virtues and vices of high‐mobility group box 1
Authors: Yanai H. , Taniguchi T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHigh‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was first described as an architectural chromatin‐binding protein. Today, a wealth of evidence indicates that this protein is very versatile and serves an amazing assortment of roles in the nucleus, cytoplasm and extracellular milieu. As a result, HMGB1 is fast becoming recognized as a key regulator of protective and pathological immune responses. Whilst acknowledging the many functions of HMGB1 and its family members, we focus this review on their role as broad effectors of immune responses mediated by nucleic acids. In addition, we touch upon the recent progress in determining the in vivo role of HMGB1 as revealed by the study of mice conditionally null for the Hmgb1 gene.
Systematic review and recommendations for nonodontogenic toothache
Authors: Yatani H. , Komiyama O. , Matsuka Y. , Wajima K. , Muraoka W. , Ikawa M. , Sakamoto E. , De Laat A. , Heir G. M. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryNonodontogenic toothache is a painful condition that occurs in the absence of a clinically evident cause in the teeth or periodontal tissues. The purpose of this review is to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and the quality of dental treatment regarding nonodontogenic toothache. Electronic databases were searched to gather scientific evidence regarding related primary disorders and the management of nonodontogenic toothache. We evaluated the level of available evidence in scientific literature. There are a number of possible causes of nonodontogenic toothache and they should be treated. Nonodontogenic toothache can be categorised into eight groups according to primary disorders as follows: 1) myofascial pain referred to tooth/teeth, 2) neuropathic toothache, 3) idiopathic toothache, 4) neurovascular toothache, 5) sinus pain referred to tooth/teeth, 6) cardiac pain referred to tooth/teeth, 7) psychogenic toothache or toothache of psychosocial origin and 8) toothache caused by various other disorders. We concluded that unnecessary dental treatment should be avoided.
Effect of a tunnel‐structured β‐tricalcium phosphate graft material on periodontal regeneration: a pilot study in a canine one‐wall intrabony defect model
Authors: Matsuura T. , Akizuki T. , Hoshi S. , Ikawa T. , Kinoshita A. , Sunaga M. , Oda S. , Kuboki Y. , Izumi Y. 
Published: July 2014

Background and ObjectiveTissue regeneration is affected by the porosity, chemical properties and geometric structure of graft materials. Regeneration of severe periodontal defects, such as one‐wall intrabony defects, is difficult because of reduced tissue support, and bone grafts are commonly used in such cases. In the present study, a tunnel‐structured β‐tricalcium phosphate (tunnel β‐TCP) graft material designed to stimulate bone formation was fabricated. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of this graft material on periodontal regeneration in one‐wall intrabony defects in dogs.Material and MethodsSix male beagle dogs were used in this study. First, the mandibular second and third incisors were extracted. Experimental surgery was performed 12 wk after tooth extraction. Bilateral 4 × 8 mm (width × depth) one‐wall intrabony defects were created in the mesial side of the mandibular canines. At the experimental sites, the defects were filled with tunnel β‐TCP, whereas the control defects were left empty. Twelve weeks after surgery, qualitative and quantitative histological analyses were performed.ResultsThere were no signs of clinical inflammation 12 wk after surgery. Coronal extension indicative of new bone formation was higher at the experimental sites than at the control sites, although the differences between both the sites in the newly formed cementum and connective tissue attachment were not significant. Newly formed periodontal ligament and cementum‐like tissue were evident along the root surface at the experimental sites. The inner surface of the tunnels was partially resorbed and replaced with new bone. New blood vessels were observed inside the lumens of tunnel β‐TCP.ConclusionTunnel β‐TCP serves as a scaffold for new bone formation in one‐wall intrabony defects.
Eight crime foraging contingencies – Comment on Johnson's review
Authors: Felson Marcus 
Published: July 2014

PurposeTo understand several contingencies that affect how offenders forage for crime targets.MethodsReviewing and summing up ideas already in the literature.ResultsEight foraging contingencies are gathered. These include (1) offenders who do not forage at all, (2) those who do not forage from a single central place, (3) offenders who shift foraging patterns from weekday to weekend, or even in the course of a single day, (4) rapid pharmacological shifts that change individual foraging behaviour, (5) co‐offender influence on foraging patterns, (6) the impact of the journey after crime on foraging, (7) whether the offender is locally recognized, and (8) mode of transport used to carry out the crime.ConclusionsJohnson's excellent review of past research opens up new avenues for future inquiry.
Laryngeal mask airway placement in children prior to an intravenous line utilizing heart rate as an indicator of anesthetic depth
Authors: Schwartz Donald , Begley Annemarie , Gibson Charles , Visintainer Paul , Connelly Neil R. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIntroductionThe usual practice in pediatric anesthesia cases requiring a laryngeal mask airway is to place an intravenous line (IV) prior to laryngeal mask airway placement. A different approach that has several clinical advantages is to place the laryngeal mask airway prior to theIV. We describe our experience with this technique, using heart rate as an indicator of adequate anesthetic depth. In addition, we analyzed heart rate data in children undergoing sevoflurane inductions, looking for age‐related differences.MethodsFollowing a sevoflurane induction, heart rates were recorded every 12 s for 3 min in 127ASAI‐IIchildren under age 7. Laryngeal mask airway placement occurred when the heart rate dropped at least 10% from its maximum level or at 3 min. Ease of laryngeal mask airway placement was graded using a scale from 0 to 3. Endtidal sevoflurane concentration, occurrence of laryngospasm and blood pressure at laryngeal mask airway placement were also recorded.ResultsThe laryngeal mask airway was successfully placed on the first attempt in all 127 children. Easy placement was noted in 98.4%. The youngest children's heart rates peaked earlier than the oldest (P < 0.001), while time to laryngeal mask airway placement increased with increasing age (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsLaryngeal mask airway placement before anIVis a safe alternative to the usual mask–IV–laryngeal mask airway sequence. Our data compare favorably to other studies where ease of laryngeal mask airway placement was reported. This technique has several advantages including securing the airway first for an anticipated difficultIVplacement. Heart rate changes during a sevoflurane induction appear to be age‐dependent.
Reliability of event‐related EEG functional connectivity during visual entrainment: Magnitude squared coherence and phase synchrony estimates
Authors: Miskovic Vladimir , Keil Andreas 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThere is an increasing trend towards using noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG) to quantify functional brain connectivity. However, little is known about the psychometrics of commonly used functional connectivity indices. We examined the internal consistency of two different connectivity metrics: magnitude squared coherence and phase synchrony. EEG was recorded during visual entrainment to elicit a strong oscillatory component of known frequency. We found acceptable to good split‐half reliability for the connectivity metrics when computing all possible pairwise interactions and after selecting an a priori seed reference. We also compared reliability estimates when using average referenced sensor versus reference independent current source density EEG data. Additional considerations were given to determining how reliability was influenced by factors including trial number, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and frequency content.
Investment Crowding‐Out and Labor Market Effects of Financialization in the US
Authors: González Ignacio , Sala Hector 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of financialization on unemployment in the United States. We estimate a dynamic multi‐equation macro labor model including labor demand, labor suppy, wage‐setting, and capital accumulation equations. Financialization appears as a key determinant of capital accumulation which, in turn, is the transmission channel toward its unemployment effects. We conduct a series of counterfactual simulations where we quantify the macroeconomic consequences of the recent swings experienced by the financialization process. We find that it has had relevant unemployment effects in all periods considered, even in those where financial payments were not the main driver of capital accumulation. We also identify a structural change in the financialization process in the early 1980s, and find that it has caused USA unemployment to systematically fluctuate around 2 percentage points above what it would otherwise have done. We call for a reappraisal of the way financial markets work, and stress the vital need of preventing financial devices that result in productive investment crowding‐out.
A review of piscine islet xenotransplantation using wild‐type tilapia donors and the production of transgenic tilapia expressing a “humanized” tilapia insulin
Authors: Wright James R. , Yang Hua , Hyrtsenko Olga , Xu Bao‐You , Yu Weiming , Pohajdak Bill 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMost islet xenotransplantation laboratories have focused on porcine islets, which are both costly and difficult to isolate. Teleost (bony) fish, such as tilapia, possess macroscopically visible distinct islet organs called Brockmann bodies which can be inexpensively harvested. When transplanted into diabetic nude mice, tilapia islets maintain long‐term normoglycemia and provide human‐like glucose tolerance profiles. Like porcine islets, when transplanted into euthymic mice, they are rejected in a CD4 T‐cell‐dependent manner. However, unlike pigs, tilapia are so phylogenetically primitive that their cells do not express α(1,3)Gal and, because tilapia are highly evolved to live in warm stagnant waters nearly devoid of dissolved oxygen, their islet cells are exceedingly resistant to hypoxia, making them ideal for transplantation within encapsulation devices. Encapsulation, especially when combined with co‐stimulatory blockade, markedly prolongs tilapia islet xenograft survival in small animal recipients, and a collaborator has shown function in diabetic cynomolgus monkeys. In anticipation of preclinical xenotransplantation studies, we have extensively characterized tilapia islets (morphology, embryologic development, cell biology, peptides, etc.) and their regulation of glucose homeostasis. Because tilapia insulin differs structurally from human insulin by 17 amino acids, we have produced transgenic tilapia whose islets stably express physiological levels of humanized insulin and have now bred these to homozygosity. These transgenic fish can serve as a platform for further development into a cell therapy product for diabetes.
A critical evaluation of worst case optimization methods for robust intensity‐modulated proton therapy planning
Authors: Fredriksson Albin , Bokrantz Rasmus 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:To critically evaluate and compare three worst case optimization methods that have been previously employed to generate intensity‐modulated proton therapy treatment plans that are robust against systematic errors. The goal of the evaluation is to identify circumstances when the methods behave differently and to describe the mechanism behind the differences when they occur.Methods:The worst case methods optimize plans to perform as well as possible under the worst case scenario that can physically occur (composite worst case), the combination of the worst case scenarios for each objective constituent considered independently (objectivewise worst case), and the combination of the worst case scenarios for each voxel considered independently (voxelwise worst case). These three methods were assessed with respect to treatment planning for prostate under systematic setup uncertainty. An equivalence with probabilistic optimization was used to identify the scenarios that determine the outcome of the optimization.Results:If the conflict between target coverage and normal tissue sparing is small and no dose‐volume histogram (DVH) constraints are present, then all three methods yield robust plans. Otherwise, they all have their shortcomings: Composite worst case led to unnecessarily low plan quality in boundary scenarios that were less difficult than the worst case ones. Objectivewise worst case generally led to nonrobust plans. Voxelwise worst case led to overly conservative plans with respect to DVH constraints, which resulted in excessive dose to normal tissue, and less sharp dose fall‐off than the other two methods.Conclusions:The three worst case methods have clearly different behaviors. These behaviors can be understood from which scenarios that are active in the optimization. No particular method is superior to the others under all circumstances: composite worst case is suitable if the conflicts are not very severe or there are DVH constraints whereas voxelwise worst case is advantageous if there are severe conflicts but no DVH constraints. The advantages of composite and voxelwise worst case outweigh those of objectivewise worst case.
Multispecies diel transcriptional oscillations in open ocean heterotrophic bacterial assemblages
Authors: Ottesen Elizabeth A. , Young Curtis R. , Gifford Scott M. , Eppley John M. , Marin Roman , Schuster Stephan C. , Scholin Christopher A. , DeLong Edward F. 
Published: July 2014

Up and down go the cyanobacteriaPlankton move together in strikingly coordinated daily patterns, sinking at night to avoid being eaten and rising to the surface in daylight to photosynthesize. Ottesonet al.found similar activity patterns in even the smallest of planktonic organisms, such as photosynthetic bacteria (see the Perspective by Armbrust). Because it's hard to take regular samples in the open ocean, the authors built a robotic sampler and set it adrift for several days in the mid-Pacific. The captured bacteria showed immediate responses to changes in light, temperature, and salinity in ways that could affect the ocean's carbon and nitrogen cycles.Science, this issue p.207; see also p.134
Randomized, Open-Label Study of the Impact of Age on Booster Responses to the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Protein D Conjugate Vaccine in Children in India
Authors: Lalwani Sanjay , Chatterjee Sukanta , Chhatwal Jugesh , Simon Anna , Ravula Sudheer , Francois Nancy , Mehta Shailesh , Strezova Ana , Borys Dorota 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

In this phase III, open-label, multicenter, and descriptive study in India, children primed with 3 doses (at ages 6, 10, and 14 weeks) of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) were randomized (1:1) to receive a booster dose at 9 to 12 (early booster) or 15 to 18 months old (late booster) in order to evaluate impact of age at booster. We also evaluated a 2-dose catch-up vaccination plus an experimental booster dose in unprimed children age 12 to 18 months. The early booster, late booster, and catch-up vaccinations were administered to 74, 95, and 87 children, respectively; 66, 71, and 81 children, respectively, were included in the immunogenicity according-to-protocol cohort. One month postbooster, for each PHiD-CV serotype, ≥95.2% (early booster) and ≥93.8% (late booster) of the children had antibody concentrations of ≥0.2 μg/ml; ≥96.7% and ≥93.0%, respectively, had opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers of ≥8. The postbooster antibody geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were in similar ranges for early and late boosters; the OPA titers appeared to be lower for most PHiD-CV serotypes (except 6B and 19F) after the early booster. After dose 2 and postbooster, for each PHiD-CV serotype, ≥88.6% and ≥96.3%, respectively, of the catch-up immunogenicity according-to-protocol cohort had antibody concentrations of ≥0.2 μg/ml; ≥71.4% and ≥90.6%, respectively, had OPA titers of ≥8. At least 1 serious adverse event was reported by 2 children in the early booster (skin infection and gastroenteritis) and 1 child in the catch-up group (febrile convulsion and urinary tract infection); all were resolved, and none were considered by the investigators to be vaccine related. PHiD-CV induced robust immune responses regardless of age at booster. Booster vaccination following 2 catch-up doses induced robust immune responses indicative of effective priming and immunological memory. (These studies have been registered at
www.clinicaltrials.gov
under registration no. NCT01030822 and NCT00814710; a protocol summary is available at
www.gsk-clinicalstudyregister.com
[study ID 112909]).
Antepartum Screening for Group B Streptococcus by Three FDA-Cleared Molecular Tests and Effect of Shortened Enrichment Culture on Molecular Detection Rates
Authors: Couturier Brianne A. , Weight Trent , Elmer Haley , Schlaberg Robert 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Neonatal
Streptococcus agalactiae
infections cause significant morbidity and mortality, and antenatal screening is recommended. We compared three U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) to culture using 314 vaginal/rectal swabs after 18 to 24 h (recommended period) and 4 to 8 h (shortened period) of broth enrichment. Agreement of the NAATs with each other was high (97.1% to 98.4%), but culture was less sensitive than all NAATs (67% to 73%). A shortened period of broth culture enrichment resulted in 1 false-negative result in 68 (1.5%). The NAATs performed comparably and were more sensitive than culture.