bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spanish version of the Position on Nursing Diagnosis scale: cross‐cultural adaptation and psychometric assessment
Authors: Romero‐Sánchez José Manuel , Paramio‐Cuevas Juan Carlos , Paloma‐Castro Olga , Pastor‐Montero Sonia María , O'Ferrall‐González Cristina , Gabaldón‐Bravo Eva María , González‐Domínguez María Eugenia , Castro‐Yuste Cristina , Frandsen Anna J 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo report the adaptation into Spanish and psychometric testing of the Position on Nursing Diagnosis scale.BackgroundThe Position on Nursing Diagnosis is a scale that uses the semantic differential technique to measure nurses' attitudes towards the nursing diagnosis concept.DesignMethodological design.MethodThe scale was cross‐culturally adapted through a process including translation, comparison with versions in other languages, back‐translation, review, and pre‐testing. An opportunistic sample of 621 Spanish registered nurses was recruited from August–December 2011. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Construct validity, using both exploratory factor analysis and the known‐group technique, and concurrent validity were assessed.FindingsThe Position on Nursing Diagnosis‐Spanish Version was obtained from the cross‐cultural adaptation process. High internal consistency and satisfactory test‐retest reliability over a two week period (n = 240) were found. In the principal component analysis, all items loaded strongly on a single‐factor which accounted for adequate variance, supporting the unidimensionality of the scale. A statistically significant difference was found comparing the scores of nurses who were members of the Spanish Association of Nomenclature, Taxonomy and Nursing Diagnosis and those who were not. Concurrent validity was supported by the significant correlation found between the scores and the degree of nursing diagnosis utilization and attendance to training sessions.ConclusionThe findings support the validity and reliability of the Position on Nursing Diagnosis‐Spanish Version for its use among Spanish registered nurses as a measurement of their attitude towards the nursing diagnosis concept.
Reproductive and phylogenetic divergence of tidepool copepod populations across a narrow geographical boundary in Baja California
Authors: Peterson Dennis L. , Kubow Karen B. , Connolly Maren J. , Kaplan Laran R. , Wetkowski Melissa M. , Leong Wai , Phillips Barret C. , Edmands Suzanne 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimPrevious work on the tidepool copepodTigriopus californicusrevealed a curious case of incipient speciation at the southern end of the species' range in Baja California, Mexico. The present study expands on the geography of this pattern and tests for congruence between reproductive and phylogenetic patterns.LocationThe Pacific coast of North America, from central Baja California to south‐eastern Alaska (27–57° N), including the full range ofT. californicus.MethodsPrimary techniques included mating experiments (> 4000 crosses), phylogeny reconstruction (mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit I) and screening of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, 42 loci). Analyses used > 8000 copepods for the mating experiments, 86 copepods for the phylogeny and 41 copepods for theSNPassays. Phylogenies were constructed using Bayesian, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods.ResultsPopulations were found to fall into three reproductive groups: northern and southern groups that were reproductively isolated from each other, and an intermediate group that could serve as a conduit for gene flow. The northern and intermediate populations fell into one clade while all southern populations fell into a second clade. These two clades are now separated by less than 12 km at latitude 29.35° N. NuclearSNPdata for a subset of locations confirmed striking divergence between populations on either side of this boundary. The second (southern) clade was further subdivided into two clades separated by the lagoon region of Guerrero Negro (latitude 28° N).Main conclusionsReproductive assays and molecular data (both mitochondrial and nuclear) reveal a sharp break at 29.35° N, a region with no obvious barriers to dispersal, with no evidence for mixing across this narrow transition zone. Results also showed a milder break at the Guerrero Negro Lagoon (28° N), a location where breaks have been reported for other taxa.
Semiquantitative assessment of breath hydrogen testing
Authors: Barrett Jacqueline S , Kalubovila Udaya , Irving Peter M , Gibson Peter R 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground and AimA major use of breath hydrogen testing is to assess absorptive capacity for sugars to assist dietary design for management of gut symptoms. Qualitative reporting takes no account of the vigor of hydrogen response and provides little insight into degrees of malabsorption. This study aimed to describe a semiquantitative reporting method and to compare results with those reported qualitatively.MethodsIn consecutive Caucasian patients with Crohn's disease (n = 87), ulcerative colitis (59), functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) (162), and healthy controls (76), area under the curve was calculated for lactulose (15 g). This was compared with that for lactose (50 g) and fructose (35 g). Degree of malabsorption was categorized into arbitrary groups.ResultsSemiquantitative results for ≥ 30% (designated “convincing”) malabsorption was most similar to those using a qualitative cutoff value of 20 ppm, but in 38% and 21% of patients, the classification of malabsorption (nil or clinically significant) changed for fructose and lactose, respectively. Using a cutoff of 10 ppm, 49% and 5% were classified differently. Crohn's disease had a higher prevalence (42%) of convincing fructose malabsorption than controls (24%) or patients with FGID (33%) (P < 0.02). Highest prevalence of convincing lactose malabsorption (38%) was in ulcerative colitis, greater than controls (18%) and FGID (18%) (P < 0.02).ConclusionsSemiquantitative assessment provides different results with different clinical implications in more than one third of patients, but disease‐related alterations in prevalence are similar to those defined qualitatively. This method may be preferable because it lessens the confounding influence of the vigor of the hydrogen response.
Intratumoral regulatory T cells with higher prevalence and more suppressive activity in hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Wu Han , Chen Pei , Liao Rui , Li Yi‐Wei , Yi Yong , Wang Jia‐Xing , Cai Xiao‐Yan , He Hong‐Wei , Jin Jian‐Jun , Cheng Yun‐Feng , Fan Jia , Sun Jian , Qiu Shuang‐Jian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground and AimRegulatory T cells (Treg) play a vital role in immunosuppressive crosstalk; however, Tregs from different locations lead to different clinical outcomes. Our aim was, therefore, to compare the prevalences and suppressive phenotypes of Tregs in the peripheral blood, peritumor, and intratumor of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods The frequencies and phenotypes of CD4+CD25+CD127low/−CD49d− Tregs in the periphery, peritumor, and intratumor of 78 HCC patients and 12 healthy controls were evaluated by flow cytometry. Treg‐cell suppressive activity was determined using an in vitro CD154 expression assay. Tregs from tumor and paired peritumor were then hybridized using an Agilent whole genome oligo microarray, and selected genes were validated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Functional analysis of the microarray data was performed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses.Results Intratumoral Tregs exhibited higher frequencies and more suppressive phenotypic functions than those in peritumor and periphery, whereas there was no difference between the latter two. Functional analysis showed that complement cascades, p53, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchor biosynthesis pathways were significantly upregulated in intratumoral Tregs; the salivary secretion pathway was significantly downregulated in intratumoral Tregs, and immune cells and tumor‐immuno‐related Gene Ontology terms were significantly affected.Conclusions Tregs in different locations exhibited different functional statuses. A higher prevalence and more suppressive phenotype suggested a critical role for intratumoral Tregs in the formation of multicellular immunosuppressive networks. HCC immunotherapy may be improved, therefore, by specific locational Tregs elimination or suppression.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetics – prevalence and predictive factors in a multiracial hospital clinic population in Malaysia
Authors: Chan Wah‐Kheong , Tan Alexander Tong‐Boon , Vethakkan Shireene Ratna , Tah Pei‐Chien , Vijayananthan Anushya , Goh Khean‐Lee 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground and AimThere is currently no published study comparing prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated factors among diabetics of different ethnicity in the Asia‐Pacific region.MethodsCross‐sectional study of consecutive patients in the Diabetic Clinic in University of Malaya Medical Centre. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and a semiquantitative food‐frequency questionnaire were used to assess physical activity and dietary intake, respectively. Diagnosis of NAFLD was ultrasound‐based and following exclusion of significant alcohol intake.ResultsData for 399 patients were analyzed (mean age 62.3 ± 10.5 years, 43.1% men). The racial distribution was Chinese 43.6%, Indian 33.1%, Malay 22.3%, and others 1.0%. The prevalence of NAFLD was 49.6%. On univariate analysis, factors associated with NAFLD were age < 65 years, race, obesity, central obesity, glycated hemoglobin ≥ 7.0%, and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase levels. Patients with low physical activity were more likely to have NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–2.63, P = 0.020). The prevalence of NAFLD was highest among Malays (60.7%), followed by Indians (51.5%), and lowest among Chinese (42.0%) consistent with higher prevalence of central obesity and higher percentage calorie intake from fat in the former groups of patients. On multivariate analysis, independent factors associated with NAFLD were central obesity (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.29–3.75, P = 0.004) and elevated serum ALT level (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.21–3.25, P = 0.007).ConclusionsNAFLD was seen in half of a cohort of diabetic patients and was independently associated with central obesity and elevated serum ALT level. Prevalence of NAFLD was different and paralleled the difference in prevalence of central obesity and in percentage calorie intake from fat among the different ethnic groups.
Intellectual disabilities and power spectra analysis during sleep: a new perspective on borderline intellectual functioning
Authors: Esposito M. , Carotenuto M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe role of sleep in cognitive processes has been confirmed by a growing number of reports for all ages of life. Analysing sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) spectra may be useful to study cortical organisation in individuals with Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF), as seen in other disturbances even if it is not considered a disease. The aim of this study was to determine if the sleep EEG power spectra in children with BIF could be different from typically developing children.MethodsEighteen BIF (12 males) (mean age 11.04; SD ± 1.07) and 24 typical developing children (14 men) (mean age 10.98; SD ± 1.76; P = 0.899) underwent an overnight polysomnography (PSG) recording in the Sleep Laboratory of the Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, after one adaptation night. Sleep was subdivided into 30‐s epochs and sleep stages were scored according to the standard criteria and the power spectra were calculated for the Cz‐A2 channel using the sleep analysis software Hypnolab 1.2 (SWS Soft, Italy) by means of the Fast Fourier Transform and the power spectrum was calculated for frequencies between 0.5 and 60 Hz with a frequency step of 1 Hz and then averaged across the following bands delta (0.5–4 Hz), theta (5–7 Hz), alpha (8–11 Hz), sigma (11–15 Hz), and beta (16–30 Hz), gamma (30–60 Hz) for S2, SWS and REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep stages.ResultsBIF have a reduced sleep duration (total sleep time; P < 0.001), and an increased rate of stage shifts (P < 0.001) and awakenings (P < 0.001) and WASO (wakefulness after sleep onset) % (P < 0.001); the stage 2% (P < 0.001), and REM% (P < 0.001) were lower and slow‐wave sleep percentage was slightly higher (P < 0.001). All children with BIF had an AHI (apnoea–hypopnea index) less than 1 (mean AHI = 0.691 ± 0.236) with a mean oxygen saturation of 97.6% and a periodic leg movement index (PLMI) less than 5 (mean PLMI = 2.94 ± 1.56). All sleep stages had a significant reduction in gamma frequency (30–60 Hz) (P < 0.001) and an increased delta frequency (0.5–4.0 Hz) (P < 0.001) power in BIF subjects compared with typically developing children.ConclusionOur findings shed light on the importance of sleep for cognition processes particularly in cognitive borderline dysfunction and the role of EEG spectral power analysis to recognize sleep characteristics in BIF children.
Development and psychometric testing of a Chinese‐language instrument for assessing institutionalised older males' motivations for living
Authors: Wang Yi‐Wen , Tsai Yun‐Fang , Wong Thomas KS , Ku Yan‐Chiou 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo develop and psychometrically test a Chinese‐language instrument, the Motivations for Living Inventory, for use with older adult institutionalised males.BackgroundWhile tools exist for testing reasons for living among English‐speaking individuals, none are available to assess Chinese‐speaking older adults' motivation for living.DesignThis study had three steps: cross‐sectional survey to collect data on instrument items, instrument development and psychometric testing.MethodsParticipants were 247 older male residents of five veterans' homes, including 22 who had attempted suicide in the previous three months and 225 nonsuicide attempters. The Chinese‐language instrument, Motivations for Living Inventory, was developed based on individual interviews with older male residents of nursing homes and veterans' homes, focus groups with workers at nursing and veterans' homes, the literature and the authors' clinical experiences. The resulting Inventory was examined by content validity, construct validity, criterion‐related validity, internal consistency reliability and test–retest reliability.ResultsThe inventory had good content validity index (1·00). Factor analysis yielded a five‐factor solution, accounting for 82·02% of the variance. Veterans' home male residents who had not attempted suicide tended to have higher scores than residents who had attempted suicide in the previous three months across the global inventory and all its subscales, indicating good criterion validity. Inventory reliability (Cronbach's α for the total scale was 0·86 and for subscales ranged from 0·80–0·94) and intraclass correlation coefficient (0·81) was satisfactory.ConclusionsThe Chinese‐language Motivations for Living Inventory can be completed in five to seven minutes and is perceived as easy to complete. Moreover, the inventory yielded highly acceptable parameters of validity and reliability.Relevance to clinical practiceThe Chinese‐language Motivations for Living Inventory can be used to assess reasons for living in Chinese‐speaking, institutionalised older male adults.
Explaining the Positive Relationship Between Fourth‐Grade Children's Body Mass Index and Energy Intake at School‐Provided Meals (Breakfast and Lunch)
Authors: Guinn Caroline H. , Baxter Suzanne D. , Royer Julie A. , Hitchcock David B. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDA 2010 publication showed a positive relationship between children's body mass index (BMI) and energy intake at school‐provided meals (as assessed by direct meal observations). To help explain that relationship, we investigated 7 outcome variables concerning aspects of school‐provided meals: energy content of items selected, number of meal components selected, number of meal components eaten, amounts eaten of standardized school‐meal portions, energy intake from flavored milk, energy intake received in trades, and energy content given in trades.METHODSFourth‐grade children (N = 465) from Columbia, SC, were observed eating school‐provided breakfast and lunch on 1 to 4 days per child. Researchers measured children's weight and height. For daily values at school meals, a generalized linear model was fit with BMI (dependent variable) and the 7 outcome variables, sex, and age (independent variables).RESULTSBMI was positively related to amounts eaten of standardized school‐meal portions (p < .0001) and increased 8.45 kg/m2 per serving, controlling for other variables in the model. BMI was positively related to energy intake from flavored milk (p = .0041) and increased 0.347 kg/m2 for every 100 kcal consumed. BMI was negatively related to energy intake received in trades (p = .0003) and decreased 0.468 kg/m2 for every 100 kcal received. BMI was not significantly related to 4 outcome variables.CONCLUSIONSKnowing that relationships between BMI and actual consumption, not selection, at school‐provided meals explained the (previously found) positive relationship between BMI and energy intake at school‐provided meals is helpful for school‐based obesity interventions.
Barriers to Providing the Sexuality Education That Teachers Believe Students Need
Authors: Eisenberg Marla E. , Madsen Nikki , Oliphant Jennifer A. , Sieving Renee E. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSexuality education teachers' perspectives are important to gain a full understanding of the issues surrounding teaching this subject. This study uses a statewide sample of public school teachers to examine what sexuality education content is taught, what barriers teachers face, and which barriers are associated with teaching specific topics.METHODSParticipants included 368 middle and high school teachers with sexuality education assignments in Minnesota. Survey data included topics they teach, what they think they should teach, and barriers they face. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between barriers and teaching each of 9 sexual health topics, among those who believed the topic should be taught.RESULTSAlmost two thirds of participants faced structural barriers; 45% were concerned about parent, student, or administrator response; and one quarter reported restrictive policies. Structural barriers were inversely associated with teaching about communication (OR = 0.20), teen parenting (OR = 0.34), and abortion (OR = 0.32); concerns about responses were associated only with teaching about sexual violence (OR = 0.42); and restrictive policies were inversely associated with teaching about abortion (OR = 0.23) and sexual orientation (OR = 0.47).CONCLUSIONSAddressing teachers' barriers requires a multipronged approach, including curriculum development and evaluation, training, and reframing the policy debate to support a wider range of sexuality education topics.
Hospitalizations due to hepatitis C in Los Angeles County, 2007–2009: case characteristics and factors associated with mortality
Authors: Sie L. , Gatto N. M. , Bancroft E. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryMorbidity and mortality due to hepatitis C (HCV) infection are rising in the United States as the highest risk cohort (those born between 1945 and 1965) ages. It is important for governments and healthcare providers to have timely, readily obtainable data to estimate the burden of HCV locally. Demographic factors, hospital charges and comorbid conditions were summarized for Los Angeles County (LAC) residents who had at least one hospitalization in California during 2007–2009 with HCV as a primary or secondary diagnosis using statewide hospital discharge data. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for factors associated with dying during hospitalization. A total of 19 907 unique patients were hospitalized with HCV during the 3‐year study period; 63.0% were aged 45–65 years; 1874 (9.4%) died. Hospitalizations for HCV doubled during this time period. Total charges for hospitalizations for which HCV was coded as the principal diagnosis increased from $18 million to $58 million, with over 70% charged to government sources. After adjusting for demographic factors, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B (HBV), current alcohol abuse and kidney disease were associated with dying during hospitalization. Based on statewide hospital discharge data, morbidity and mortality from HCV infections increased in LAC from 2007–2009, and pose an economic burden to government. To lower mortality risk, HCV patients should be referred for follow‐up. The expected increase in HCV hospitalizations as infected patients' age poses an increasing burden to healthcare systems.
Differential Effects of Adiposity and Childhood Growth Trajectories on Retinal Microvascular Architecture
Authors: Tapp Robyn J. , Ness Andrew , Williams Cathy , Howe Laura D. , Tilling Kate , Witt Nicholas , Chaturvedi Nish , McG Thom Simon A. , Hughes Alun D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectivesWe hypothesized that trajectories of adiposity across childhood would be associated with retinal microcirculatory diameters at age 12 years, independent of BP.MethodsThe ALSPAC followed a cohort of children born in 1991–1992. The current study includes all children with retinal images acquired at the 12 years clinic and individual trajectories of PI from 0 to 2 years and BMI from 2 to 10 years. Retinal microvascular measures included retinal arteriolar and venular diameters.ResultsChildren in this analysis had a birth weight of 3.5 ± 0.4 kg, a PI of 26.2 ± 2.4 kg/m3 and a gestational age of 39.7 ± 1.4 weeks (mean ± SD). Analysis of growth trajectories showed that lower PI at birth was associated with narrower retinal arterioles. Higher PI at birth was associated with wider venular diameter, and a stronger positive association was evident between BMI change at 5–5.5 and 8.5–10 years with wider venular diameters. Current fat mass was also associated with wider venular diameters.ConclusionsRetinal arterioles and venules are differentially associated with growth in early life and childhood adiposity. Early adiposity may adversely affect the microcirculation, with important implications for cardiovascular risk in adulthood.
Missense substitutions reflecting regulatory control of transmitter phosphatase activity in two‐component signalling
Authors: Huynh TuAnh Ngoc , Noriega Chris E. , Stewart Valley 
Published: March 2013

SummaryNegative control in two‐component signal transduction results from sensor transmitter phosphatase activity for phospho‐receiver dephosphorylation. A hypothetical mechanism for this reaction involves a catalytic residue in the H‐box active‐site region. However, a complete understanding of transmitter phosphatase regulation is hampered by the abundance of kinase‐competent, phosphatase‐defective missense substitutions (K+ P– phenotype) outside of the active‐site region. For the Escherichia coli NarX sensor, a model for the HisKA_3 sequence family, DHp domain K+ P– mutants defined two classes. Interaction mutants mapped to the active site‐distal base of the DHp helix 1, whereas conformation mutants were affected in the X‐box region of helix 2. Thus, different types of perturbations can influence transmitter phosphatase activity indirectly. By comparison, K+ P– substitutions in the HisKA sensors EnvZ and NtrB additionally map to a third region, at the active site‐proximal top of the DHp helix 1, independently identified as important for DHp‐CA domain interaction in this sensor class. Moreover, the NarX transmitter phosphatase activity was independent of nucleotides, in contrast to the activity for many HisKA family sensors. Therefore, distinctions involving both the DHp and the CA domains suggest functional diversity in the regulation of HisKA and HisKA_3 transmitter phosphatase activities.