bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiber-reinforced Resin Coating for Endocrown Preparations: A Technical Report
Authors: Rocca GT , Rizcalla N , Krejci I 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARY
Coronal rehabilitation of endodontically treated posterior teeth is still a controversial issue. Although the use of classical crowns supported by radicular metal posts remains widespread in dentistry, their invasiveness has been largely criticized. New materials and therapeutic options based entirely on adhesion are available nowadays, from direct composite resins to indirect endocrowns. They allow for a more conservative, faster, and less expensive dental treatment. However, the absence of a metal or high-strength ceramic substructure as in full-crown restorations can expose this kind of restoration to a higher risk of irreversible fracture in case of crack propagation. The aim of this case report is to present a technique to reinforce the cavity of an endodontically treated tooth by incorporating a fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) layer into the resin coating of the tooth preparation, before the final impressions of the cavity. This technique allows the use of FRCs in combination with any kind of restorative material for an adhesive overlay/endocrown.
Test–Retest Reliability of Family L.I.F.E. (Looking Into Family Experiences): An Occupation-Based Assessment
Authors: Honaker DeLana , Rosello Stacy Sue , Candler Catherine 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We examined the test–retest reliability of Family L.I.F.E. (Looking Into Family Experiences) for consistency in identifying occupations desired by families with a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and we compared the perceived efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction ratings of those occupations for the families.
METHOD. Family L.I.F.E. was administered initially and 1 wk later via interview to 13 families with a child with ASD.
RESULTS. Ninety-two percent of the families identified the same occupations as important at test and retest. Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated no change in the families’ perceived efficiency and effectiveness of those occupations, and Spearman’s correlations indicated strong relationships. A decrease in satisfaction was noted.
CONCLUSION. For families with a child with ASD, desired family occupations and efficiency and effectiveness ratings are likely to remain consistent and are highly linked on retest using Family L.I.F.E. At second interview using this instrument, families with a child with ASD may report decreased satisfaction in desired family occupations.
Sensory and Motor Behaviors of Infant Siblings of Children With and Without Autism
Authors: Mulligan Shelley , White Barbara Prudhomme 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We compared the sensory and motor behaviors of typically developing infants with those of infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), who are considered high risk for the disorder, to explore potential sensory and motor markers for use in early diagnosis of ASD. We compared frequencies of sensory and motor behaviors during 10-min, videotaped, infant–mother play sessions and during 5 min of spoon-feeding between groups of 12-mo-old infants. Data from standardized measures of development, sensory processing, and behaviors commonly associated with ASD were also analyzed descriptively for the high-risk group. The results indicated that high-risk infants demonstrated fewer movement transitions (t [23] = −2.4, p = .03) and less object manipulation (t [23] = −2.4, p = .03) than low-risk infants. The sensory and motor differences found between typical and high-risk infants suggest that early screenings for ASD should include the examination of sensory and motor behaviors.
Oral Care and Sensory Concerns in Autism
Authors: Stein Leah I. , Polido José C. , Cermak Sharon A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We examined sensory-related aspects of oral care at home and the dentist’s office in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their typically developing (TD) peers. Results from parent questionnaires (n = 196 ASD, n = 202 TD) and one focus group were analyzed to determine whether sensory experiences were different between groups. Significantly more parents of children with ASD reported difficulties with sensory-related oral care variables in the home and dental office; this finding was supported by qualitative data. Using sensory strategies to modify the environment may enhance the dental experience and improve quality of life for children with ASD and their families.
Sensory Processing, Problem Behavior, Adaptive Behavior, and Cognition in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: O’Donnell Shelley , Deitz Jean , Kartin Deborah , Nalty Theresa , Dawson Geraldine 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This retrospective study explored sensory processing characteristics in preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD); the relationships between sensory processing and problem behavior, adaptive behavior, and cognitive function; and the differences in sensory processing between two subgroups (autism and pervasive developmental disorder–not otherwise specified).
METHOD. Study measures included the Short Sensory Profile (SSP), Aberrant Behavior Checklist–Community, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and Mullen Scales of Early Learning.
RESULTS. Most of the children with ASD had sensory processing challenges, and a significant relationship was found between SSP total scores and problem behavior scores; however, no significant relationships were found between SSP total scores and adaptive behavior and cognitive functioning. Although all the children had low Vineland scores, approximately one-quarter of the children had typical SSP scores. No significant differences in SSP scores were found between the subgroups.
CONCLUSION. The findings highlight the importance of comprehensive evaluations for children with ASD.
Proprioceptive Processing Difficulties Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Blanche Erna Imperatore , Reinoso Gustavo , Chang Megan C. , Bodison Stefanie 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Sensory processing difficulties among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been extensively documented. However, less is known about this population’s ability to process proprioceptive information.
METHOD. We used the Comprehensive Observations of Proprioception (COP; Blanche, Bodison, Chang, & Reinoso, in press) to describe the proprioceptive difficulties experienced by children with ASD. A sample of 32 children with ASD, 26 children with developmental disabilities excluding ASD, and 28 typically developing control children were studied using the COP.
RESULTS. Children with ASD present with proprioceptive processing difficulties that are different from those of children with developmental disabilities and their typically developing counterparts. Specific data, potential clinical applications, and directions for future research are described.
CONCLUSION. Results suggest that the COP has useful clinical research applications. Further assessment of psychometric properties, clinical utility, and meaningful differences among diverse clinical populations are needed.
Workers’ Perception of Performance Appraisal in Selected Public and Private Organizations in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Ikemefuna Cyril Oseloka , Chidi Christopher Odogwu 
Published: August 2012

This study set out to examine empirically workers’ perception of performance appraisal in selected public and private organisations operating in Lagos metropolis. The study adopted the survey research design. A total of 205 research subjects were drawn from the target population using the simple random sampling technique. However 174 copies of questionnaire were returned upon which the data analysis was based. This represents 85percent response rate. Data analysis was carried out with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. The findings of this study showed that workers have an optimistic view of performance appraisal as a means for promoting, evaluating and equitably compensating employees, and forming the basis for many employee training programmes as well as its motivational effect on workers’ performance. The authors recommend that for appraisal to yield the desired outcomes, adequate attention should be paid to the avoidance of appraisal politics and the pursuance of fairness and transparency in the process. More so, training programmes could be initiated by organisations to offer tips for avoiding appraisal errors. Open-reporting system as opposed to closed-reporting system should be encouraged for performance appraisal to have a motivational effect on workers’ performance. Keywords: Workers’ Perception, Performance Appraisal, Public, Private, Performance Management, Organisations.
Fight against Absenteeism in the Public Service in France and the United Kingdom: Towards a Comprehensive approach of the Problem
Authors: Barreix Claude 
Published: August 2012

The purpose of this study was to put forward the concerns related to absenteeism due to sickness in the public services and the ways to fight against it.Based on two examples drawn from UK Royal Mail company and French local authority experiences, this study considers first of all two main means of tackling absenteeism, currently used in numerous entities both public and private: coercive measures through medical controls and financial incentives. Even if these bodies got good results in using these two levers, these turned out not to be sufficient enough, on their own, to really tackle absenteeism.However Royal mail and certain French local authorities have met this better challenge in implementing a comprehensive approach of the phenomenon which did not neglect repressive and reward actions but introduced the measure and monitor of sick leaves. They also introduced in their human resource management appropriate managerial measures, particularly related to communication, and specific actions tending to improve the employees’ health and well being at workThe study presents some assessing elements tending to show the efficiency of a holistic approach of absenteeism. Keywords: Absenteeism Control; Incentive; Managerial Actions; Health, Well-Being At Work
Using Directed Self Assembly of Block Copolymer Nanostructures to Modulate Nanoscale Surface Roughness: Towards a Novel Lithographic Process
Authors: Chuang Ya‐Mi , Jack Kevin S. , Cheng Han‐Hao , Whittaker Andrew K. , Blakey Idriss 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNanoscale surface roughness is an important factor in determining the properties of surfaces and can affect the performance of a range of devices prepared by lithographic methods. Here, a method is reported, which enables modulation of the nanoscale roughness of surfaces through the directed self assembly (DSA) of positively charged polymersomes, composed of specifically designed block copolymers, onto negatively charged surfaces. Assembly of the polymersomes on surfaces can result in an increase in the nanoscale surface roughness; however, through a controlled annealing step we can also significantly reduce the nanoscale roughness of the original surface. The ability to decrease the roughness of lithographic patterns is expected to have a significant impact on the manufacture of integrated circuits.
Optoelectronic Properties of Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Nanot Sébastien , Hároz Erik H. , Kim Ji‐Hee , Hauge Robert H. , Kono Junichiro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSingle‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), with their uniquely simple crystal structures and chirality‐dependent electronic and vibrational states, provide an ideal laboratory for the exploration of novel 1D physics, as well as quantum engineered architectures for applications in optoelectronics. This article provides an overview of recent progress in optical studies of SWCNTs. In particular, recent progress in post‐growth separation methods allows different species of SWCNTs to be sorted out in bulk quantities according to their diameters, chiralities, and electronic types, enabling studies of (n,m)‐dependent properties using standard macroscopic characterization measurements. Here, a review is presented of recent optical studies of samples enriched in ‘armchair’ (n = m) species, which are truly metallic nanotubes but show excitonic interband absorption. Furthermore, it is shown that intense ultrashort optical pulses can induce ultrafast bandgap oscillations in SWCNTs, via the generation of coherent phonons, which in turn modulate the transmission of a delayed probe pulse. Combined with pulse‐shaping techniques, coherent phonon spectroscopy provides a powerful method for studying exciton‐phonon coupling in SWCNTs in a chirality‐selective manner. Finally, some of the basic properties of highly aligned SWCNT films are highlighted, which are particularly well‐suited for optoelectronic applications including terahertz polarizers with nearly perfect extinction ratios and broadband photodetectors.
Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Bridged P,N‐Ligands and Their Applications in Asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction
Authors: Wu Wenhao , Wang Shouliang , Zhou Yougui , He Yuwei , Zhuang Yue , Li Lanning , Wan Pin , Wang Longshu , Zhou Zhongyuan , Qiu Liqin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThree novel atropisomeric bridged P,N‐ligands were prepared using a highly efficient central‐to‐axial transfer strategy as the protocol. The new chiral ligands were successfully applied in the palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction, Up to 98% yield and 82% ee were obtained in the enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral biarylphosphonates.
Synthesis of Pyrimidopyrimidinediones in a Deep Eutectic Reaction Mixture
Authors: Gore Sangram , Baskaran Sundarababu , Koenig Burkhard 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn efficient and general synthesis of hexahydropyrimidopyrimidinediones has been developed employing a low melting L‐(+)‐tartaric acid‐dimethylurea mixture as reaction medium. The melt acts at the same time as solvent, catalyst and reactant. Functionalized hexahydropyrimidopyrimidinediones are obtained in good to excellent yields after simple work‐up.
Quadri‐Synergetic Effect for Highly Effective Carbon Dioxide Fixation and Its Application to Indoloquinolinone
Authors: Li Suhua , Ma Shengming 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe first copper‐catalyzed cyclic anti‐nucleometallation–carboxylation of 2‐alkynylanilines with carbon dioxide in the presence of dimethylzinc (ZnMe2) and cesium fluoride (CsF) for the effective synthesis of indolyl‐3‐carboxylic acids and indolodihydropyran‐2‐one is described. Through a mechanistic study, it is unveiled that the metal ions Cu2+, Zn2+, Cs+ and F− are working together for this CO2‐based highly efficient carboxylation.
Rare copy number variants in neuropsychiatric disorders: Specific phenotype or not?
Authors: Van Den Bossche Maarten J. , Johnstone Mandy , Strazisar Mojca , Pickard Benjamin S. , Goossens Dirk , Lenaerts An‐Sofie , De Zutter Sonia , Nordin Annelie , Norrback Karl‐Fredrik , Mendlewicz Julien , Souery Daniel , De Rijk Peter , Sabbe Bernard G. , Adolfsson Rolf , Blackwood Douglas , Del‐Favero Jurgen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFrom a number of genome‐wide association studies it was shown that de novo and/or rare copy number variants (CNVs) are found at an increased frequency in neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study we examined the prevalence of CNVs in six genomic regions (1q21.1, 2p16.3, 3q29, 15q11.2, 15q13.3, and 16p11.2) previously implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases. Hereto, a cohort of four neuropsychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and intellectual disability) and control individuals from three different populations was used in combination with Multilpex Amplicon Quantifiaction (MAQ) assays, capable of high resolution (kb range) and custom‐tailored CNV detection. Our results confirm the etiological candidacy of the six selected CNV regions for neuropsychiatric diseases. It is possible that CNVs in these regions can result in disturbed brain development and in this way lead to an increased susceptibility for different neuropsychiatric disorders, dependent on additional genetic and environmental factors. Our results also suggest that the neurodevelopmental component is larger in the etiology of schizophrenia and intellectual disability than in mood disorders. Finally, our data suggest that deletions are in general more pathogenic than duplications. Given the high frequency of the examined CNVs (1–2%) in patients of different neuropsychiatric disorders, screening of large cohorts with an affordable and feasible method like the MAQ assays used in this study is likely to result in important progress in unraveling the genetic factors leading to an increased susceptibility for several psychiatric disorders. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A common TPH2 haplotype regulates the neural processing of a cognitive control demand
Authors: Kennedy Ashley P. , Binder Elisabeth B. , Bowman Dubois , Harenski Keith , Ely Timothy , Cisler Josh M. , Tripathi Shanti P. , VanNess Sidney , Kilts Clinton D. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe monoamine neurotransmitter, serotonin, critically regulates the function of the cerebral cortex and is involved in psychiatric disorders. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin with the neuron‐specific TPH2 isoform present exclusively in the brain and encoded by the TPH2 gene on chromosome 12q21. The haplotype structure of TPH2 was defined for 16 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a healthy subject population and a haplotype block analysis confirmed the presence of a six SNP haplotype in a yin configuration that has previously been associated with risk for suicidality, depression, and anxiety disorders. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess the influence of TPH2 variation on brain function related to cognitive control using the Multi‐Source Interference Task (MSIT). The MSIT‐related blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) response was increased with increasing copies of the TPH2 yin haplotype for the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), right inferior frontal cortex (IFC), and anterior striatum. A functional connectivity analysis further revealed that increasing numbers of the TPH2 yin haplotype was associated with diminished functional coupling between the dACC and the right IFC, precentral gyrus, parietal cortex and dlPFC. A moderation analysis indicated that the relationship between neural processing networks and cognitive control was significantly modulated by allelic variation for the TPH2 yin haplotype. These findings suggest that the association of risk for psychiatric disorders with a common TPH2 yin haplotype is related to the inefficient functional engagement of cortical areas involved in cognitive control and alterations in the mode of functional connectivity of dACC pathways. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dissecting the Genetic Heterogeneity of Depression Through Age at Onset
Authors: Power Robert A. , Keers Robert , Ng Mandy Y. , Butler Amy W. , Uher Rudolf , Cohen‐Woods Sarah , Ising Marcus , Craddock Nick , Owen Michael J. , Korszun Ania , Jones Lisa , Jones Ian , Gill Michael , Rice John P. , Hauser Joanna , Henigsberg Neven , Maier Wolfgang , Zobel Astrid , Mors Ole , Placentino Anna S. , Rietschel Marcella , Souery Daniel , Kozel Dejan , Preisig Martin , Lucae Susanne , Binder Elisabeth B. , Aitchison Katherine J. , Tozzi Federica , Muglia Pierandrea , Breen Gerome , Craig Ian W. , Farmer Anne E. , Müller‐Myhsok Bertram , McGuffin Peter , Lewis Cathryn M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGenome‐wide studies in major depression have identified few replicated associations, potentially due to heterogeneity within the disorder. Several studies have suggested that age at onset (AAO) can distinguish sub‐types of depression with specific heritable components. This paper investigates the role of AAO in the genetic susceptibility for depression using genome‐wide association data on 2,746 cases and 1,594 screened controls from the RADIANT studies, with replication performed in 1,471 cases and 1,403 controls from two Munich studies. Three methods were used to analyze AAO: First a time‐to‐event analysis with controls censored, secondly comparing controls to case‐subsets defined using AAO cut‐offs, and lastly analyzing AAO as a quantitative trait. In the time‐to‐event analysis three SNPs reached suggestive significance (P < 5E−06), overlapping with the original case–control analysis of this study. In a case–control analysis using AAO thresholds, SNPs in 10 genomic regions showed suggestive association though again none reached genome‐wide significance. Lastly, case‐only analysis of AAO as a quantitative trait resulted in 5 SNPs reaching suggestive significance. Sex specific analysis was performed as a secondary analysis, yielding one SNP reaching genome‐wide significance in early‐onset males. No SNPs achieved significance in the replication study after correction for multiple testing. Analysis of AAO as a quantitative trait did suggest that, across all SNPs, common genetic variants explained a large proportion of the variance (51%, P = 0.04). This study provides the first focussed analysis of the genetic contribution to AAO in depression, and establishes a statistical framework that can be applied to a quantitative trait underlying any disorder. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dispersion of Reduced Graphene Oxide in Multiple Solvents with an Imidazolium‐Modified Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene
Authors: Wei Hengxing , Li Ying‐Ying , Chen Jinping , Zeng Yi , Yang Guoqiang , Li Yi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn imidazolium‐modified hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene derivative (HBC‐C11‐MIM[Cl−]) was designed and synthesized as a stabilizer to fabricate reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The resulting RGO/HBC‐C11‐MIM[Cl−] hybrid shows excellent dispersivity (5.0 mg mL−1) and stability in water. RGO/HBC‐C11‐MIM[Cl−] was comprehensively characterized by using atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, thus revealing that one HBC‐C11‐MIM[Cl−] group can stabilize about 178 carbon atoms on the graphene sheets. The obtained hybrid film exhibits a high conductivity of 286 S m−1. Furthermore, the HBC‐C11‐MIM[Cl−]‐modified RGO sheets can be readily dispersed in polar organic solvents upon exchange of the hydrophilic Cl− ions for hydrophobic bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide (NTf2−) ions.
Stress‐induced mutation via DNA breaks in Escherichia coli: A molecular mechanism with implications for evolution and medicine
Authors: Rosenberg Susan M. , Shee Chandan , Frisch Ryan L. , Hastings P. J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEvolutionary theory assumed that mutations occur constantly, gradually, and randomly over time. This formulation from the “modern synthesis” of the 1930s was embraced decades before molecular understanding of genes or mutations. Since then, our labs and others have elucidated mutation mechanisms activated by stress responses. Stress‐induced mutation mechanisms produce mutations, potentially accelerating evolution, specifically when cells are maladapted to their environment, that is, when they are stressed. The mechanisms of stress‐induced mutation that are being revealed experimentally in laboratory settings provide compelling models for mutagenesis that propels pathogen–host adaptation, antibiotic resistance, cancer progression and resistance, and perhaps much of evolution generally. We discuss double‐strand‐break‐dependent stress‐induced mutation in Escherichia coli. Recent results illustrate how a stress response activates mutagenesis and demonstrate this mechanism's generality and importance to spontaneous mutation. New data also suggest a possible harmony between previous, apparently opposed, models for the molecular mechanism. They additionally strengthen the case for anti‐evolvability therapeutics for infectious disease and cancer.