bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of different preservation treatments on lipids of the smooth clam Callista chione
Authors: Papaioannou Christos D. , Sinanoglou Vassilia J. , Strati Irini F. , Proestos Charalampos , Kyrana Vasiliki R. , Lougovois Vladimiros P. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe soft clam Callista chione is highly appreciated among marine inhabitants for nutritional, commercial and economic reasons. This work aims to determine the lipid classes’ profile of C. chione and the effect of different preservation treatments on them. C. chione meat was found to be a rich source of dietary phospholipids (PhLs), ω‐3 fatty acids and carotenoids, encouraging the exploitation of the species as human food. Among treatments, only marinating reduced the PhLs content. Parboiling and freezing resulted in a significant decrease in unsaturated fatty acids, while marinating caused partial replacement of polyunsaturated with monounsaturated fatty acids. Lipid quality indices remained favourable for a healthy diet. With the exception of astaxanthin, the rest of the carotenoids identified were susceptible to processing and frozen storage. Parboiling and freezing of the vacuum‐packed meats for up to 4 months would be most appropriate, among the treatments applied, for preserving the lipid quality of C. chione.
Effects of feed moisture and extruder screw speed and temperature on physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of extruded proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) flour
Authors: Gulati Paridhi , Weier Steven A. , Santra Dipak , Subbiah Jeyamkondan , Rose Devin J. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe objective of this work was to determine the impact of extrusion variables [moisture (17–25%), screw speed (170–250 r.p.m.) and temperature (90–150 °C)] on the physical properties and antioxidant activity of proso millet extrudates. Extrusion variables were adjusted using an inscribed central composite rotatable design. Response variables were bulk density (BD), radial expansion ratio, water absorption index, water solubility index, hardness, colour (L*, a*, b*) and antioxidant activity. Moisture and screw speed were the most influential variables affecting millet extrusion: their linear, quadratic and interaction terms accounted for more than 50% of the variability in all responses except for b*. Expansion was greatest at severe conditions of low moisture and high screw speed. These conditions were also consistent with the highest antioxidant activity. This study demonstrated that high expansion and antioxidant activity can be obtained by extruding proso millet under low moisture and high screw speed conditions.
How the ‘warped’ relationships between nurses' emotions, attitudes, social support and perceived organizational conditions impact customer orientation
Authors: Gountas Sandra , Gountas John 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimsMuch research focuses on organizational culture and its impact on customer orientation or emotional states and their impact on job satisfaction and well‐being. This study aims to combine the complex roles of nurses' emotion states and job satisfaction in a model that identifies the effects of standards for service delivery (organizational culture), supervisor and co‐worker support and the development of customer orientation.BackgroundA previous study examined the relationships between nurses' personal resources, job satisfaction and customer orientation. This study examines how these variables relate to organizational standards and social support.DesignA cross‐sectional survey using a self‐completion questionnaire with validated, existing scales to measure standards for service delivery, supervisor and co‐worker support, job satisfaction, empathic concern, emotional exhaustion and customer orientation.MethodNurses (159) completed the questionnaire in 2010. The data were analysed using WarpPLS, a structural equation modelling software package.ResultsThe results indicate that the final model fits the data well and explains 84% of the variance in customer orientation. The findings show the importance of standard for service delivery (organizational culture), supervisor and co‐worker support on customer orientation. Nurses' personal resources interact with these, particularly supervisor and co‐worker support, to develop staff job satisfaction and empathy.ConclusionThe need for support mechanisms in stressful times is discussed. We propose that training in compassion and empathy would help leaders to model desirable attributes that contribute towards customer orientation.
Service Responses to People with Intellectual Disabilities and Epilepsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Robertson Janet , Baines Susannah , Emerson Eric , Hatton Chris 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundEpilepsy is highly prevalent in people with intellectual disabilities and is associated with increased mortality and high healthcare usage. This systematic review summarizes research on service responses to people with intellectual disabilities and epilepsy.MethodStudies published from 1990 were identified via electronic searches using Medline, Cinahl, PsycINFO and Web of Science, email requests to researcher networks, and cross‐citations. Information extracted from studies was reviewed narratively in relation to identified themes.ResultsThirty‐five studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall study quality was low, with no RCTs or similarly robust intervention study designs. Access to specialists was inconsistent. The importance of proxies and the need for education regarding epilepsy for staff, carers and people with intellectual disabilities were highlighted.ConclusionThere are no methodologically robust studies on service‐related interventions for people with intellectual disabilities and epilepsy. Further research on improving service delivery is required to substantiate findings reported here.
Genetic structure along the strandline: Unravelling invasion history in a one‐dimensional system
Authors: Ohadi Sara , Ades Peter K. , Ford Rebecca , Strand Allan E. , Tibbits Josquin , Mesgaran Mohsen B. , Cousens Roger D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimTo unravel the genetic processes involved in a case of invasion by one species, the self‐incompatible Cakile maritima Scop. (Brassicaceae) in Australia, as it has replaced a related prior invader, Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook.LocationSouthern and eastern coastlines of Australia.MethodsGenetic diversity within and between populations was characterized at a continental scale using microsatellite (SSR) markers to examine nuclear diversity and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers to examine chloroplasts. DNA was sourced from 24 populations of C. maritima along its putative invasion trajectory and, for comparison, from four populations of C. edentula that are currently being invaded by C. maritima. Analysis of Molecular Variance and a Bayesian assignment method were used to explore the data.ResultsNo evidence was found for progressive loss of diversity in C. maritima in the putative direction of range expansion. Western and south‐eastern populations of C. maritima have almost certainly resulted from independent introductions, although there is evidence of very limited gene flow from west to east. There was considerably greater, spatially structured variation in the south‐east, suggesting multiple introductions of C. maritima to that region. We found evidence of hybridization and introgression from C. edentula into C. maritima, both in the two regions where they are currently sympatric and elsewhere.Main conclusionsThe invasion history of a species spreading in a largely one‐dimensional habitat can still be highly complex and difficult to interpret. Regional patterns of variation in C. maritima indicate several introductions from different parts of the native range, limited gene flow from the first introduction eastwards and genetic drift within Western Australia. There has also been bi‐directional gene flow between this species and C. edentula. The significance of the introgression from C. edentula into C. maritima with respect to natural selection, however, remains to be determined.
A legacy of human‐induced ecosystem changes: spatial processes drive the taxonomic and functional diversities of testate amoebae in Sphagnum peatlands of the Galápagos
Authors: Fournier Bertrand , Coffey Emily E. D. , van der Knaap W. O. , Fernández Leonardo D. , Bobrov Anatoly , Mitchell Edward A. D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimOur aims were to compare the composition of testate amoeba (TA) communities from Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos Archipelago, which are likely in existence only as a result of anthropogenic habitat transformation, with similar naturally occurring communities from northern and southern continental peatlands. Additionally, we aimed at assessing the importance of niche‐based and dispersal‐based processes in determining community composition and taxonomic and functional diversity.LocationThe humid highlands of the central island of Santa Cruz, Galápagos Archipelago.MethodsWe survey the alpha, beta and gamma taxonomic and functional diversities of TA, and the changes in functional traits along a gradient of wet to dry habitats. We compare the TA community composition, abundance and frequency recorded in the insular peatlands with that recorded in continental peatlands of Northern and Southern Hemispheres. We use generalized linear models to determine how environmental conditions influence taxonomic and functional diversity as well as the mean values of functional traits within communities. We finally apply variance partitioning to assess the relative importance of niche‐ and dispersal‐based processes in determining community composition.ResultsTA communities in Santa Cruz Island were different from their Northern Hemisphere and South American counterparts with most genera considered as characteristic for Northern Hemisphere and South American Sphagnum peatlands missing or very rare in the Galápagos. Functional traits were most correlated with elevation and site topography and alpha functional diversity to the type of material sampled and site topography. Community composition was more strongly correlated with spatial variables than with environmental ones.Main conclusionsTA communities of the Sphagnum peatlands of Santa Cruz Island and the mechanisms shaping these communities contrast with Northern Hemisphere and South American peatlands. Soil moisture was not a strong predictor of community composition most likely because rainfall and clouds provide sufficient moisture. Dispersal limitation was more important than environmental filtering because of the isolation of the insular peatlands from continental ones and the young ecological history of these ecosystems.
Isolating active ingredients in a parent‐mediated social communication intervention for toddlers with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Gulsrud Amanda C. , Hellemann Gerhard , Shire Stephanie , Kasari Connie 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundBehavioral interventions are commonplace in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders, yet relatively little is known about how and why these interventions work. This study tests the relationship between isolated core components of a packaged social communication intervention and the primary outcome, joint engagement, to better understand how the intervention is affecting change in individuals.MethodsA total of 86 toddlers and their parents were enrolled in the study and randomized to one of two treatments, the joint attention, symbolic play, engagement, and regulation (JASPER) parent‐mediated intervention or a psychoeducational intervention. Measures regarding the parent's use of intervention strategies were collected before and after the 10‐week intervention. Additional measures of child and parent joint engagement were also collected.ResultsA significant effect of treatment was found for all four of the core strategies of the intervention, favoring a larger increase in the JASPER condition. A hierarchical linear regression revealed several individual predictors of joint engagement, including parent‐rated buy‐in, interventionist‐rated parent involvement, and parental use of strategies. To complement the hierarchical analysis, we also tested the potential mediating effect the strategies may have on the relationship between treatment and joint engagement. Results showed that the strategy of mirrored pacing mediated the relationship between treatment and joint engagement in the positive direction.ConclusionsThese results strongly suggest that the mirrored pacing strategy is an active ingredient of the JASPER treatment.
Static allometry of unicellular green algae: scaling of cellular surface area and volume in the genus Micrasterias (Desmidiales)
Authors: Neustupa J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe surface area‐to‐volume ratio of cells is one of the key factors affecting fundamental biological processes and, thus, fitness of unicellular organisms. One of the general models for allometric increase in surface‐to‐volume scaling involves fractal‐like elaboration of cellular surfaces. However, specific data illustrating this pattern in natural populations of the unicellular organisms have not previously been available. This study shows that unicellular green algae of the genus Micrasterias (Desmidiales) have positive allometric surface‐to‐volume scaling caused by changes in morphology of individual species, especially in the degree of cell lobulation. This allometric pattern was also detected within most of the cultured and natural populations analysed. Values of the allometric S:V scaling within individual populations were closely correlated to the phylogenetic structure of the clade. In addition, they were related to species‐specific cellular morphology. Individual populations differed in their allometric patterns, and their position in the allometric space was strongly correlated with the degree of allometric S:V scaling. This result illustrates that allometric shape patterns are an important correlate of the capacity of individual populations to compensate for increases in their cell volumes by increasing the surface area. However, variation in allometric patterns was not associated with phylogenetic structure. This indicates that the position of the populations in the allometric space was not evolutionarily conserved and might be influenced by environmental factors.
Divergence in mating signals correlates with genetic distance and behavioural responses to playback
Authors: Sosa‐López J. R. , Martínez Gómez J. E. , Mennill D. J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAnimals use acoustic signals to defend resources against rivals and attract breeding partners. As with many biological traits, acoustic signals may reflect ancestry; closely related species often produce more similar signals than do distantly related species. Whether this similarity in acoustic signals is biologically relevant to animals is poorly understood. We conducted a playback experiment to measure the physical and vocal responses of male songbirds to the songs of both conspecific and allopatric‐congeneric animals that varied in their acoustic and genetic similarity. Our subjects were territorial males of four species of neotropicalTroglodyteswrens: Brown‐throatedWrens (Troglodytes brunneicollis),CozumelWrens (T. beani),ClarionWrens (T. tanneri) andSocorroWrens (T. sissonii). Our results indicate that birds respond to playback of both conspecific and allopatric‐congeneric animals; that acoustic differences increase with genetic distance; and that genetic divergence predicts the strength of behavioural responses to playback, after removing the effects of acoustic similarity between subjects’ songs and playback stimuli. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the most distantly related species have the most divergent songs; that male wrens perceive divergence in fine structural characteristics of songs; and that perceptual differences between species reflect evolutionary history. This study offers novel insight into the importance of acoustic divergence of learned signals and receiver responses in species recognition.
Physicochemical Characterization and Bioactive Value of Tropical Berry Pomaces after Spouted Bed Drying
Authors: Borges Kátia Cristina , Azevedo Juliana Chris , Medeiros Maria de Fátima , Correia Roberta Targino P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study addressed the physicochemical characteristics and selected bioactive compounds of tropical fruit pomaces acerola (Malpighia glabra L.), red pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) and jambolan (Syzygium cumini) obtained by spouted bed drying. The dried pomaces presented attractive colors, acidic pH, moisture between 8.3 and 9.7 g/100g, water activity lower than 0.5 and solubility around 40%. The water and ethanol extracts of these fruit powder samples showed high concentration of phenolics (10.1–30.7 mg GAE/g) with relevant DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) antioxidant activity (30.1–36.3 μmol Trolox equivalent/g). Dried jambolan also proved to be an outstanding anthocyanin‐rich product (377.0–478.7 mg cyanidin 3‐glycoside equivalent/100g). In addition, all extracts presented intermediate α‐amylase inhibitory activity (23.9–76.6%) and remarkable in vitro effect against α‐glucosidase (up to 99.3%). Overall, our results show the bioactive and technological potentials of dried acerola, red pitanga and jambolan pomaces as high quality food ingredients with functional attributes.Practical ApplicationsAcerola, red pitanga and jambolan are bioactive‐rich tropical fruits. The fruit processing generates a considerable amount of low‐value fruit pomaces. The motivation for this research was to propose the spouted bed drying as an appropriate strategy to produce food ingredients using the abundant residues of these selected fruits. A relevant concentration of residual bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and inhibitory activities against key enzymes relevant to the management of early stages of type 2 diabetes were detected in the final dried products. Overall, our results present the spouted bed drying as a promising eco‐friendly process that can be successfully applied to produce value‐added fruit co‐products with potential health benefits. The data presented here constitute the biochemical rationale for the better exploitation of these tropical fruit pomaces.
Quantifying resilience to flooding among households and local government units using system dynamics: a case study in Metro Manila
Authors: Gotangco C.K. , See J. , Dalupang J.P. , Ortiz M. , Porio E. , Narisma G. , Yulo‐Loyzaga A. , Dator‐Bercilla J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA generic systems dynamics (SD) model template for resilience is adapted to analyse flooding impacts on household assets and local government assets of Pasig City, Metro Manila. SD simulations are used to quantify the loss of system performance due to adverse impacts, and the recovery of the system due to response measures. The simulation results reflect the decreasing levels of resilience among low‐income households, and the reliance of local government on budgeting cycles to replenish assets. The initial model needs to be expanded to include other determinants of resilience, but this exploratory study reflects the potential usefulness of SD simulations as a decision support tool for city policy makers. By quantifying changes in resilience measures over time, simulations can complement qualitative analyses and test policy and programme scenarios.
Neural stem cell transplantation decreases neuroinflammation in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wu Hua‐hui , Wang Yuan , Gu Guo‐jun , Zhang Wei , Xia Rong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInflammatory processes are considered to play an important role in the progression of neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A number of studies have reported that inflammatory processes are highly correlated with cognitive deficits in AD‐like mice. Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been considered as a potential new therapy for the treatment of AD because of its effects in improving cognitive ability. However, NSCs have not been evaluated for their protective effects against inflammatory changes in AD. Here, we injected NSCs into amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PS1 transgenic mice to analyse cognitive function and to measure glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule‐1 (Iba‐1) and toll‐like receptors 4(TLR4) activation. We also quantified TLR‐4 pathway‐related agents, Aβ concentration and the levels of proinflammatory mediators. Our results showed that in NSC‐injected APP/PS1 mice, activation of GFAP, Iba‐1, TLR4 and TLR4 pathway‐related agents (MyD88, TRIF, P38 MAPK and NF‐κB P65) were significantly decreased with decreased expression of proinflammatory mediators (IL‐1, IL‐6, TNF‐α and PGE2). These changes were associated with the amelioration of cognitive deficits, but no difference was found in Aβ concentration. Our results provide novel evidence that NSC transplantation in APP/PS1 mice significantly improved cognitive deficits and was accompanied by the attenuation of inflammatory injury via suppression of glial and TLR4‐mediated inflammatory pathway activation. Our data indicate that these pathways may potentially be important therapeutic targets to prevent or delay AD.
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This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation against Alzheimer's disease (AD) inflammation. We found that NSC treatment in APP/PS1 mice significantly improved cognitive deficits and was accompanied by the attenuation of inflammatory injury via suppression of glial and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation and its downstream signalling pathways. Our findings indicate that these pathways may be potentially important therapeutic targets to prevent or delay AD.