bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of regioisomers of sulfobenzoic acid by traveling‐wave ion mobility mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Jinxin , Kumar Meenu , Pinto Spencer , Samarasinghe Ishira , Attygalle Athula B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) investigation using a Synapt G2 mass spectrometer was conducted to separate anions generated from the three regioisomers of sulfobenzoic acid. The results revealed that the differences in arrival time distributions (ATDs) were inadequate to differentiate the isomers unambiguously. However, the ATD profiles of the product ions, generated by fragmenting the respective mass‐selected m/z 201 precursor ions in the Trap region of the three‐compartment traveling‐wave ion guide of the Synapt G2 mass spectrometer, were distinctly different, enabling definitive differentiation of the isomers. An arrival‐time peak for an ion of m/z 157 resulting from the loss of CO2 from the respective precursors was common to all three mobilograms. However, only the profile recorded from the para‐isomer exhibited a unique arrival‐time peak for an ion of m/z 137, originating from an SO2 loss. Such a peak corresponding to an SO2 loss was absent in the ATD profiles of the ortho‐ and meta‐isomers. Additionally, the mobilogram of the meta‐isomer displayed a unique peak at 3.42 ms. Based on its product ion spectrum, this peak was attributed to the bisulfite anion (m/z 81; HSO3ˉ). Previously, this meta‐isomer specific m/z 81 ion had been proposed to originate from a two‐step process involving the intermediacy of an m/z 157 ion formed by CO2 loss. However, our detailed tandem mass spectrometric experiments suggest that the m/z 81 is not a secondary product but rather an ion that originated from a direct elimination of a benzyne derivative from the m/z 201 precursor ion.
Hepatitis C virus‐induced differential transcriptional traits in host cells after persistent infection elimination by direct‐acting antivirals in cell culture
Authors: Castro Victoria , Calvo Gema , Oliveros Juan Carlos , Pérez‐del‐Pulgar Sofía , Gastaminza Pablo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) causes liver inflammation and fibrosis, leading to the development of severe liver disease, such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Approval of direct‐acting antiviral drug combinations has revolutionized chronic HCV therapy, with virus eradication in >98% of the treated patients. The efficacy of these treatments is such that it is formally possible for cured patients to carry formerly infected cells that display irreversible transcriptional alterations directly caused by chronic HCV Infection. Combining differential transcriptomes from two different persistent infection models, we observed a major reversion of infection‐related transcripts after complete infection elimination. However, a small number of transcripts were abnormally expressed in formerly infected cells. Comparison of the results obtained in proliferating and growth‐arrested cell culture models suggest that permanent transcriptional alterations may be established by several mechanisms. Interestingly, some of these alterations were also observed in the liver biopsies of virologically cured patients. Overall, our data suggest a direct and permanent impact of persistent HCV infection on the host cell transcriptome even after virus elimination, possibly contributing to the development of HCC.
Synergistic anti‐cancer and antimicrobial effects of Ganoderma lucidum and Lentinus edodes mushroom extracts‐loaded niosomes
Authors: Zalnezhad Saeed , Adeli‐Sardou Mahboubeh , Roostaee Maryam , Barani Mahmood , Mirzaei Mohammad , Sargazi Ghasem 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the potential synergy effect of Ganoderma lucidum and Lentinus edodes mushroom extracts delivered through niosomes (composed of Span 40, Tween 40, and cholesterol) for anti‐cancer and antimicrobial applications. GC–MS analysis revealed bioactive compounds such as d‐limonene, ascorbic acid, and ergosterol in the extracts, known for their anti‐cancer and antimicrobial effects. The niosomal formulations exhibited improved physical properties, with sizes ranging from 96 to 160 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) values in the range of 0.29–0.54, suggesting that the niosomes had an acceptable size distribution and homogeneity. In cell culture studies, the niosomal formulations demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects on A549 lung cancer cells, with the combination of both extracts leading to a notable decrease in cell viability to 14.86%. Additionally, the combination of G. lucidum and L. edodes extracts in niosomal form showed varying and potent antimicrobial properties against pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (Candida albicans) with lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values compared to their free form, indicating a potential synergistic effect. The findings highlight the potential synergistic anti‐cancer and antimicrobial effects of the combined mushroom extracts delivered through niosomes, offering valuable insights for developing novel drug delivery systems.
Decoding halal and jhatka slaughter: novel insights into welfare and protein biomarkers in slow‐growing broiler chicken
Authors: Govindaiah Prasad M , Maheswarappa Naveena B , Banerjee Rituparna , Muthukumar Muthupalani , Manohar Balaji B , Mishra Bidyut Prava , Sen Arup R , Biswas Ashim K 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe first evidence of blood biochemical and proteomic changes in slow‐growing broiler chicken subjected to ritual slaughter like halal (HS) and jhatka (JS) without stunning and commercial slaughter with electrical stunning (ES) was decoded.RESULTSSignificant stress indicators like cortisol and triiodothyronine were markedly elevated in JS birds, whereas increased (P < 0.05) levels of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase were observed in JS and ES birds. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to MALDI‐TOF MS elucidated the overabundance of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and l‐lactate dehydrogenase that are positively correlated with stress in JS broilers. Bioinformatic analysis explored the multifaceted landscape of molecular functions.CONCLUSIONThe study has uncovered that ritual slaughter performed without stunning against commercial slaughter with ES practices elicit varying levels of stress as evident from blood biochemistry and novel protein markers. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
VR device with high resolution, high luminance, and low power consumption using 1.50‐in. organic light‐emitting diode display
Authors: Ikeda Hisao , Hatsumi Ryo , Tamatsukuri Yuki , Miyata Shoki , Nakamura Daiki , Kozuma Munehiro , Kobayashi Hidetomo , Yamane Yasumasa , Yamagata Sachiko , Tsukamoto Yousuke , Yamazaki Shunpei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe fabricated a microdisplay with a 1.50‐in. organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) and a pixel density as high as 3207 ppi. An ideal display with high luminance, low power consumption, an ultrahigh aperture ratio, and a wide color gamut can be fabricated using a metal maskless lithography technology for patterning OLED layers and an oxide semiconductor large‐scale integration (OSLSI)/silicon LSI backplane. We designed a virtual reality device that exhibited less ghosting and a field of view of 90° or greater by combining the microdisplay and a novel pancake lens.
Lethal wolf control elicits change in moose habitat selection in unexpected ways
Authors: Ethier Claire A. , Barnas Andrew F. , Boucher Nicole P. , Baillie‐David Katherine , Fisher Jason T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMoose (Alces alces) and woodland caribou (Ranger tarandus caribou) are the 2 large prey species for wolves (Canis lupus) in the Nearctic boreal forest in North America. Caribou have declined, with widespread anthropogenic disturbance as the ultimate cause and wolf predation as the proximal cause. To conserve caribou the government of Alberta, Canada initiated a wolf control program to reduce predation rates on caribou populations and contribute to caribou population recovery. Predators play an important role in shaping the structure and function of ecosystems through top‐down forces. We hypothesized that the strongest factors influencing moose occurrences would reflect changes in predation risk before and after the onset of wolf control. We weighed evidence for competing hypothesis by deploying cameras across a highly industrialized landscape in Alberta for 3 years after wolf control (2017–2020), capitalizing on 3 years of existing data before the onset of wolf control (2011–2014). We created generalized linear models representing competing hypotheses about moose response to natural and anthropogenic landscape features before and after wolf control, examining support for each in an information‐theoretic framework. Prior to wolf control, the model containing landscape features providing security cover was best‐supported, but this was scale‐dependent. After wolf control, the model containing landscape features that offer increased forage opportunities was best‐supported. Unexpectedly, the direction of effect was often opposite to predictions, with moose avoiding some features thought to provide security and forage. We demonstrate that lethal predator control affects the spatial distribution of its primary prey species but in ways we do not fully comprehend, highlighting the need for a better understanding of community dynamics following wolf control.
Authenticity in TikTok: How content creator popularity and brand size influence consumer engagement with sponsored user‐generated content
Authors: Walsh Darlene , Kliamenakis Argiro , Laroche Michel , Jabado Sarah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research examines how sponsored user‐generated content influences consumer engagement on TikTok across three studies. In the first study, we demonstrate that when content creators endorse brands through sponsorship, they are perceived as less authentic. This perceived lack of authenticity, in turn, reduces consumer engagement with brands. In the second study, we show that the influence of sponsorship on consumer engagement is moderated by the content creator's popularity, as reflected by their follower count. Specifically, the negative effect of sponsorship on consumer engagement is observed only among popular creators with large followings, while less popular creators do not experience the same negative impact. In the third study, we show that for popular creators, sponsorship can enhance consumer engagement when the endorsed brand is perceived as small, compared to when it is perceived as large. Together, these findings extend our theoretical understanding of how sponsored user‐generated content shapes consumer engagement on TikTok. Additionally, our research provides valuable insights for brand managers aiming to develop effective digital marketing strategies and for content creators looking to optimize engagement with their audience.
High Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on Polyvinylidene Fluoride‐Graphene Nanoribbon Composite Thin Films
Authors: Adıgüzel Seçil Peker , Ercan Nevra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, a highly efficient, sensitive, and lightweight piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) is developed using graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) incorporated into the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. Unzipping multi‐walled carbon nanotubes is an effective and scalable strategy for synthesizing graphene nanoribbons. The synthesized GNRs are employed to prepare nanometer‐scale piezoelectric polymer composite films showing higher piezoelectric performance than neat PVDF. The impact of GNR concentration in the PVDF matrix on the electroactive phase content and piezoelectric properties of the composites is systematically investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) analysis demonstrate an increase in the electroactive β and γ phases of PVDF by incorporating GNRs in the composites. With the optimized concentration of GNRs (1 wt%), the fabricated piezoelectric device can generate open‐circuit voltage and an output power density of 26 V and 16.52 µWcm2, respectively. It is also found that the PVDF‐GNR 1 nanogenerator can be used to generate electrical power by converting mechanical energy from different human activities such as wrist bending, palm tapping, and toe tapping. The findings indicate that (PVDF‐GNR 1) PENG can be applied in self‐powered portable and wearable electronic devices.
Continuous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa‐Foscarbidopa in Parkinson's Disease: A Mini‐Review of Current Scope and Future Outlook
Authors: Aubignat Mickael , Tir Melissa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non‐motor symptoms, primarily because of the impairment of dopaminergic neurons. Long‐term use of levodopa, the standard PD treatment, often results in fluctuating therapeutic effects and dyskinesia, necessitating alternative therapies.ObjectivesThis review aims to synthesize current insights and clinical experiences with foslevodopa‐foscarbidopa, focusing on its pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety profile, to evaluate its potential in transforming PD therapy.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted up to November 2023 using databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search yielded eight eligible articles, including pharmacological studies, case reports, observational studies, and controlled trials. No language restrictions were applied.ResultsFoslevodopa and foscarbidopa, as prodrugs of levodopa and carbidopa, exhibited excellent chemical stability and solubility, facilitating continuous subcutaneous infusion. Clinical trials demonstrated that these prodrugs maintain stable levodopa levels, thereby addressing the limitations of oral levodopa therapy. Phase 1 and 3 studies indicated significant improvements in motor function and quality of life in advanced PD patients. However, a higher incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events, mainly infusion site reactions, was observed compared to oral therapies.ConclusionsFoslevodopa‐foscarbidopa emerges as a promising alternative for advanced PD treatment, offering sustained symptom control. Its efficacy in managing motor fluctuations and dyskinesia makes it a viable option in the PD therapeutic spectrum. Future research should focus on long‐term safety, economic impact, and broader accessibility. Foslevodopa‐foscarbidopa is now commercially distributed in many countries in Europe and in Japan.
Heme homeostasis and its regulation by hemoproteins in bacteria
Authors: Li Yingxi , Han Sirui , Gao Haichun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHeme is an important cofactor and a regulatory molecule involved in various physiological processes in virtually all living cellular organisms, and it can also serve as the primary iron source for many bacteria, particularly pathogens. However, excess heme is cytotoxic to cells. In order to meet physiological needs while preventing deleterious effects, bacteria have evolved sophisticated cellular mechanisms to maintain heme homeostasis. Recent advances in technologies have shaped our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern the biological processes crucial to heme homeostasis, including synthesis, acquisition, utilization, degradation, trafficking, and efflux, as well as their regulation. Central to these mechanisms is the regulation of the heme, by the heme, and for the heme. In this review, we present state‐of‐the‐art findings covering the biochemical, physiological, and structural characterization of important, newly identified hemoproteins/systems involved in heme homeostasis.
Google Internet searches related to inflammatory arthritis: An observational study using Google Trends data
Authors: Akthar Mumina , Mason Kayleigh J. , Scott Ian C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe Internet has transformed how patients access health information. We examined Google search engine data to understand which aspects of health are most often searched for in combination with inflammatory arthritis (IA).MethodsUsing Google Trends data (2011–2022) we determined the relative popularity of searches for ‘patient symptoms’ (pain, fatigue, stiffness, mood, work) and ‘treat‐to‐target’ (disease‐modifying drugs, steroids, swelling, inflammation) health domains made with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) in the UK/USA. Google Trends normalises searches by popularity over time and region, generating 0–100 scale relative search volumes (RSV; 100 represents the time‐point with most searches). Up to five search term combinations can be compared.ResultsIn all IA forms, pain was the most popular patient symptom domain. UK/USA searches for pain gave mean RSVs of 58/79, 34/51, and 39/63 with RA, PsA, and AxSpA; mean UK/USA RSVs for other patient symptom domains ranged 2–7/2–8. Methotrexate was the most popular treat‐to‐target search term with RA/PsA in the UK (mean 28/21) and USA (mean 63/33). For AxSpA, inflammation was most popular (mean UK/USA 9/34). Searches for pain were substantially more popular than searches for methotrexate in RA and PsA, and inflammation in AxSpA. Searches increased over time.ConclusionsPain is the most popular search term used with IA in Google searches in the UK/USA, supporting surveys/qualitative studies highlighting the importance of improving pain to patients with IA. Routine pain assessments should be embedded within treat‐to‐target strategies to ensure patient perspectives are considered.
Urinalysis is predictive for absence of urinary tract infection in men with and without catheters
Authors: Oh Paul , Lewis Kevin C. , Shoskes Daniel A. , Vasavada Sandip , Goldman Howard B. , Wood Hadley M. , Rhoads Daniel D. , Werneburg Glenn T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo determine accuracy of negative urinalysis (UA) for predicting negative urine culture and the absence of urinary tract infection (UTI), and optimal urine culture growth cutoff for UTI diagnosis in men with and without urinary catheters.Subjects and MethodsUAs with urine cultures within 1 week from adult men were identified and evaluated. Predictive values for the absence of UTI (absence of ≥1 of the following criteria: documentation of UTI diagnosis, antibiotic prescription, uropathogen presence on culture) were calculated.ResultsIn total, 22 883 UAs were included. Negative UA had a high predictive value for negative urine culture (0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–0.95) and absence of UTI (0.99, CI: 0.99–0.995) in the overall cohort. Negative UA also had a high predictive value for negative urine culture (0.93, CI: 0.90–0.95) and absence of UTI (0.99, CI: 0.98–0.999) in those with indwelling urinary catheters. The traditional threshold of culture growth of 100 000 colony‐forming units (CFU)/mL did not capture 22% of UTIs.ConclusionUA exhibits high predictive value for negative urine culture and absence of UTI in men, supporting a protocol wherein culture is only performed in the context of abnormal UA. The traditional 100 000 CFU/mL cut‐off may have not captured a subset of UTI in the male population, and warrants further investigation.
Simulation of impacts between spherical rigid bodies with frictional effects
Authors: Sánchez Eliana , Cosimo Alejandro , Brüls Oliver , Cardona Alberto , Cavalieri Federico J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work studies the impact between spherical rigid bodies in the frame of nonsmooth contact dynamics considering friction effects. A new impact element formulation based on the classical instantaneous local Newton impact law is presented. The kinematics properties of the spheres are described by a rigid body formulation with translational and rotational degrees of freedom referred to an inertial frame. In addition, an extension of the nonsmooth generalized‐ time integration scheme applied to collisions with multiple impacts including Coulomb's friction law is given. Six numerical examples are presented to evaluate the robustness and the performance of the proposed methodology.
Surgical Thromboprophylaxis in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: An Economic Model
Authors: Lorenz F. Jeffrey , Martinazzi Brandon J. , Goyal Neerav 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, and assess the economic implications of chemoprophylaxis.Study DesignRetrospective cost‐effective analysis.SettingFifty‐three health care organizations.MethodsThe TriNetX Research Network was queried to identify the 1‐month VTE rate in HNC patients undergoing neck dissection from 2012 to 2022. A literature search provided additional postsurgical VTE rates in HNC patients. Costs of prophylactic heparin and enoxaparin were obtained from a drug wholesaler, and VTE‐associated medical costs were sourced from the literature. A break‐even analysis determined the absolute risk reduction (ARR) in the VTE rate necessary for a medication to break‐even on cost.ResultsIn TriNetX, 8193 HNC surgical patients underwent neck dissection, and an additional 1640 patients underwent neck dissection plus free flap reconstruction without chemoprophylaxis. Respective 1‐month VTE rates were 1.3% (n = 103) and 2.5% (n = 41). Four additional studies of 1546 postoperative HNC patients not prescribed chemoprophylaxis reported a mean VTE rate of 3.8% (n = 59), ranging from 1.9% to 13.0%. At $8.40 per week, heparin resulted in cost savings if it decreased the VTE rate by an ARR of at least 0.05%, while enoxaparin, at $23.66 per week, needed to achieve a 0.14% ARR. Considering potential added costs from bleeding complications, heparin, and enoxaparin remained cost‐effective if chemoprophylaxis did not increase bleeding complications by an absolute risk of more than 2.86% and 2.79%, respectively.ConclusionPostoperative VTE rates varied in HNC patients. Despite this, achievable ARRs suggested the potential cost‐effectiveness of routine chemoprophylaxis with heparin and enoxaparin.