bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of a laboratory-based protocol for measuring energy expenditure and accelerometer calibration in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: McGarty A. M. , Penpraze V. , Dall P. M. , Haig C. , Harris L. , Melville C. A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdults with intellectual disabilities experience numerous health inequalities. Targeting unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, such as high levels of sedentary behaviour and overweight/obesity, is a priority area for improving the health and adults with intellectual disabilities and reducing inequalities. Energy expenditure is a fundamental component of numerous health behaviours and an essential component of various free-living behaviour measurements, e.g. accelerometry. However, little is known about energy expenditure in adults with intellectual disabilities and no population-specific accelerometer data interpretation methods have been calibrated. The limited research in this area suggests that adults with intellectual disabilities have a higher energy expenditure, which requires further exploration, and could have significant impacts of device calibration. However, due to the complex methods required for measuring energy expenditure, it is essential to first evaluate feasibility and develop an effective protocol. This study aims to test the feasibility of a laboratory-based protocol to enable the measurement of energy expenditure and accelerometer calibration in adults with intellectual disabilities.We aimed to recruit ten adults (≥ 18 years) with intellectual disabilities. The protocol involved a total of nine sedentary, stationary, and physical activities, e.g. sitting, lying down, standing, and treadmill walking. Each activity was for 5 min, with one 10 min lying down activity to measure resting energy expenditure. Breath by breath respiratory gas exchange and accelerometry (ActiGraph and ActivPAL) were measured during each activity. Feasibility was assessed descriptively using recruitment and outcome measurement completion rates, and participant/stakeholder feedback.Ten adults (N = 7 female) with intellectual disabilities participated in this study. The recruitment rate was 50% and 90% completed the protocol and all outcome measures. Therefore, the recruitment strategy and protocol are feasible.This study addresses a significant gap in our knowledge relating to exercise laboratory-based research for adults with intellectual disabilities The findings from this study provide essential data that can be used to inform the development of future protocols to measure energy expenditure and for accelerometer calibration in adults with intellectual disabilities.
Exploring Iranian EAP teachers’ well-being: an activity theory perspective
Authors: Nazari Mostafa , Karimpour Sedigheh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite the growth of research on EAP teachers in the past decade, little research has focused on their emotions and much less on their well-being. In response to this gap of knowledge, the present study draws on the theoretical framework of activity theory and explores the well-being of 13 Iranian EAP teachers. We collected data from a questionnaire, narrative frames, and semi-structured interviews. Data analyses revealed three themes in relation to the teachers’ well-being: (1) content as a site of experiencing positive and negative emotions, (2) content and institutional contextualities as determinants of seeking purpose in EAP instruction, and (3) sociocultural parameters as shaping meaning in EAP instruction. We found that EAP teacher well-being functions as a layered construct that is influenced by various personal, institutional, and sociocultural dynamics, and substantially influences teachers’ professional practices, identities, and emotions. Across these processes, content operates as the antecedent or consequence of the influence in EAP instruction. Based on the findings, we provide implications for teachers and teacher educators in how to employ professional alternatives that could effectively contribute to EAP teachers’ well-being.
Public involvement in UK health and care research 1995–2020: reflections from a witness seminar
Authors: Palm Marisha Emily , Evans David , Staniszewska Sophie , Brady Louca-Mai , Hanley Bec , Sainsbury Kate , Stewart Derek , Wray Paula 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Public involvement is important to the relevance and impact of health and care research, as well as supporting the democratisation of research. In 2020, the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) reorganized and eliminated INVOLVE, an internationally recognised group that had played a central role in public involvement in the UK since 1996. Its remit was subsumed within a new center tasked with public involvement, participant recruitment, and evidence dissemination. A year later, in 2021, interested parties came together to discuss the evolution of INVOLVE and consider how to retain some of the important historical details and learn lessons from its long and important tenure.

Methods
We hosted a witness seminar in 2022 that was one of four work groups and brought together public involvement leaders that had been part of the conception, development, and evolution of INVOLVE between 1995 and 2020. Witness seminars are a method used to capture the complexity and nuance of historical events or initiatives. They support critical thinking and reflection rather than simple commemoration. We identified those who had played a role in INVOLVE history, ensuring diversity of perspective, and invited them to attend and speak at the seminar. This took place during two sessions where witnesses provided their recollections and participated in a facilitated discussion.

Results
Across the two online sessions, 29 witnesses attended and contributed thoughts and recollections. Two authors (SS, MP) identified six themes that were described in the witness seminar report and have been discussed, elaborated, and illustrated with witness quotations. These are: the importance of historical perspective; INVOLVE as a social movement; how INVOLVE worked (e.g. its hospitality, kindness, and inclusivity); INVOLVE as a quiet disruptor; public involvement evidence, knowledge, and learning; the infrastructure, processes, and systems developed by INVOLVE; and the demise and loss of INVOLVE as an internationally recognized center of excellence.

Discussion
The authors of this commentary reflected on the discussions that took place during the witness seminar and the themes that emerged, and share six broad learnings for future practice; (1) it is important to create and nurture public involvement communities of practice; (2) collaborative ways of working support open discussion amongst diverse groups; (3) be aware of the tensions between activism and being part of the establishment; (4) continued efforts should be made to build an evidence base for public involvement practice; (5) there are both benefits and drawbacks to having a centralized organization leading public involvement; and (6) support for public involvement in research requires a fit-for-purpose tendering process that embeds robust public involvement.
Red ginseng prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by inhibiting cell death via activating the Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Yoshikawa Naoki , Hirata Naoto , Kurone Yuichiro , Shimoeda Sadahiko 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Doxorubicin (DXR) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent. DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DICM), a major limitation of DXR, is a complication with limited treatment options. We previously reported that Red Ginseng (steamed and dried the root of Panax Ginseng cultivated for over six years; RGin) is beneficial for the treatment of DICM. However, the mechanism underlying the action of RGin remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action underlying the efficacy of RGin in the treatment of DICM.

Methods
Four-week-old DBA/2 mice were divided into: vehicle, DXR, RGin, and DXR + RGin (n = 10/group). Mice were treated with DXR (4 mg/kg, once a week, accumulated 20 mg/kg, i.p.) or RGin (0.5 g/kg, three times a week, i.p.). To evaluate efficacy, the survival rate and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured as a measure of cardiac function, and cardiomyocytes were subjected to Masson trichrome staining. To investigate the mechanism of action, western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1, transferrin receptor (TfR), and other related proteins. Data were analyzed using the Easy R software. Between-group comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance and analyzed using a post-hoc Tukey test. Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant in all analyses.

Results
RGin treatment prolongs survival and protects against reduced LVEF. In the DXR group, Nrf2 was not activated and cell death was accelerated. Furthermore, there was an increase in the TfR levels, suggesting abnormal iron metabolism. However, the DXR + RGin group showed activation of the Nrf2 pathway and suppression of myocardial cell death. Furthermore, there was no increase in TfR expression, suggesting that there were no abnormalities in iron metabolism. Therefore, the mechanism of action of RGin in DICM involves an increase in antioxidant activity and inhibition of cell death through activation of the Nrf2 pathway.

Conclusion
RGin is a useful therapeutic candidate for DICM. Its efficacy is supported by the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which enhances antioxidant activity and inhibits cell death.
Validation and application of the Dermatology Life Quality Index score, a modification of the DLQI score, in psoriasis patients
Authors: Zou Qin , Luo Yibo , Hao Dan , Li Mengmeng , Jihui Chen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
All the scoring methods for the DLQI miss the moderate impact of the disease on patients, which may underestimate the impact of psoriasis on patients’ quality of life. To improve the accuracy of the assessment of the Dermatology Life Quality Index score (DLQI) for patients with psoriasis, this study proposed and validated a new scoring method, the DLQI-NS, which includes the moderate impact option in the self-assessment of each item in psoriasis patients.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in which patients with psoriasis were enrolled. A total of 425 participants completed the DLQI, DLQI-NS and Skindex-16 questionnaires. Reliability, validity, ceiling and floor effects were evaluated of both DLQI and DLQI-NS questionnaires.

Results
About 14.4-32.5% of the patients reported a moderate impact on quality of life. The DLQI-NS allowed 17 more patients (4.0%) to achieve severe disease. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the DLQI-NS was 0.90, and that of the DLQI was 0.89. The KMO test results for the DLQI-NS and DLQI were 0.927 and 0.916, respectively. One factor was identified for each questionnaire. The items of the DLQI-NS showed an item-total correlation from 0.52 to 0.82, and the DLQI questionnaire’s item-total correlation ranged from 0.47 to 0.83. The DLQI-NS, DLQI total score and Skindex-16 had Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients of 0.89 and 0.84, respectively. Both the DLQI-NS and DLQI showed significant moderate correlations with the BSA (0.51 vs. 0.50) and PASI (0.47 vs. 0.46). No ceiling effects were observed for any of the items of both questionnaires.

Conclusion
The validity and reliability of the DLQI-NS and DLQI were good, but the DLQI-NS was superior to the DLQI. The DLQI-NS is an effective self-assessment tool for assessing quality of life in psoriasis patients.
The combined treatment with ketogenic diet and metformin slows tumor growth in two mouse models of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Schmidt Karen , Thatcher Amber , Grobe Albert , Broussard Pamela , Hicks Linda , Gu Haiwei , Ellies Lesley G , Sears Dorothy D. , Kalachev Leonid , Kroll Eugene 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Many tumors contain hypoxic microenvironments caused by inefficient tumor vascularization. Hypoxic tumors have been shown to resist conventional cancer therapies. Hypoxic cancer cells rely on glucose to meet their energetic and anabolic needs to fuel uncontrolled proliferation and metastasis. This glucose dependency is linked to a metabolic shift in response to hypoxic conditions.

Methods
To leverage the glucose dependency of hypoxic tumor cells, we assessed the effects of a mild reduction in systemic glucose by controlling both dietary carbohydrates with a ketogenic diet and endogenous glucose production by using metformin on two mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Results
Here, we showed that animals with TNBC treated with the combination regimen of ketogenic diet and metformin (a) had their tumor burden lowered by two-thirds, (b) displayed 38% slower tumor growth, and (c) showed 36% longer latency, compared to the animals treated with a ketogenic diet or metformin alone. As a result, lowering systemic glucose by this combined dietary and pharmacologic approach improved overall survival in our mouse TNBC models by 31 days, approximately equivalent to 3 years of life extension in human terms.

Conclusion
This preclinical study demonstrates that reducing systemic glucose by combining a ketogenic diet and metformin significantly inhibits tumor proliferation and increases overall survival. Our findings suggest a possible treatment for a broad range of hypoxic and glycolytic tumor types that can augment existing treatment options to improve patient outcomes.
Glenohumeral Dysplasia Following Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries: A Review
Authors: Khabyeh-Hasbani Nathan , Hoffman Alexandra F. , Meisel Erin , Behbahani Mandana , Koehler Steven M. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Despite the high morbidity associated with glenohumeral dysplasia (GHD) in children with brachial plexus birth injuries, the progression of this condition often remains unnoticed, even after correcting for the underlying brachial plexus birth injuries. GHD, driven by a multifactorial process involving disruptions in both direct and indirect neural regulation of bony and muscular structures, can lead to intermittent or permanent shoulder mobility imbalances, significantly impacting the quality of life of those affected. Recent research efforts are increasingly directed toward identifying the root causes, managing the deformity, and determining effective treatment options for correcting GHD.

METHODS:
A comprehensive search strategy was used by the authors to identify relevant literature relating to the progression, pathoanatomy, clinical presentation, and management of GHD following brachial plexus birth injuries across various search engines, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Considering the topic's interdisciplinary nature, articles were retrieved from both neurosurgical and orthopaedic journals to enrich the review.

RESULTS:
Given the challenges in managing patients with brachial plexus birth injuries, a multidisciplinary care team consisting of certified occupational hand therapists, neurosurgeons, plastic surgeons, and orthopedic surgeons, specializing in brachial plexus injuries should be advocated for. The aim of this collaborative effort is to correct brachial plexus birth injuries and prevent the persistence of GHD.

CONCLUSION:
As research continues to focus on understanding the complexities of this condition, the aim of this review article is to summarize the current literature on the course of brachial plexus birth injury and the development of GHD. By doing so, we hope to provide neurosurgeons with the necessary knowledge and essential tools needed to identify and effectively treat GHD during management of brachial plexus birth injuries.
Root canal morphology of permanent mandibular anterior teeth in a Pakistani population: A cone beam computed tomography assessment
Authors: Saqib Naeem Siddique  , Babar Palwasha , Zoha Ghazanfar  , Javeria Ahmed Kayani  
Published: June 2024

Objective: To investigate the incidence of accessory canals and the variation in root canal morphology of permanent mandibular incisors and canines in Pakistani population using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Pakistan after getting institutional ethical permission from January 2020 to September 2022. The data included records of 111 patients consisting of 444 permanent mandibular incisors and 222 permanent mandibular canines. Accessory root, root canals and Vertucci canal configuration for each tooth was recorded. Data analysis was done using SPSS v20. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each anatomical parameter. Chi-square test was applied to determine association of gender with the presence of accessory roots and root canals.
Results: Among the 111 records evaluated, 48.6% were males and 51.4% were females. No accessory root was found in the central and lateral incisors. However, an accessory root was found in 4.9% of the canines. The incidence of accessory canals in the central incisors, lateral incisors and canines was 18.9%, 25.2% and 10.4% respectively. The most common canal configuration in teeth with accessory canals was Type-III, followed by Type-II and Type-V.
Conclusion: None of the central or lateral incisor showed accessory root while it was detected in 4.9% canines. The frequency of accessory root canal was found to be 18.9%, 25.2% and 10.4% in central incisors, lateral incisors and canines respectively. The most common canal configuration was Type-I, followed by Type-III and Type-II. Type-V, VI and VII were less common.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.7.8744
How to cite this: Siddique SN, Babar P, Ghazanfar Z, Kayani JA. Root canal morphology of permanent mandibular anterior teeth in a Pakistani population: A cone beam computed tomography assessment. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.7.8744
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Improving Virtual Team Collaboration Paradox Management: A Field Experiment
Authors: Luciano Margaret M. , Leslie Jean B. , Mathieu John E. , Hoole Emily R. , Anderson Rebecca , Fenters Virgil W. 
Published: June 2024

Virtual teams are ubiquitous in the workplace, yet they experience frequent collaboration challenges. Successfully managing the team collaboration paradox, in terms of maintaining a unified team perspective and diverse individual perspectives, presents a potentially important lever to improve virtual team performance. However, scholars have conflicting opinions regarding whether such improvement is possible. We argue that team collaboration paradox management will positively relate to team performance over time and can be improved via a theory-based intervention. This intervention draws from theory on paradoxes for its content (paradoxical thinking) and team development interventions for its structure (general content knowledge, team-specific feedback, action-focused planning). Given the complexity of paradoxes, it is unclear whether a single training session could substantively improve their management; therefore, one intervention condition was comprised of a single training session and the other condition included a follow-up session. Analyzing two waves of multisource quantitative data from a sample of 76 virtual teams from 37 organizations, we find a positive relationship between team collaboration paradox management and team performance at both time periods. We also find that only the intervention condition with the follow-up session, as compared with untreated control teams, significantly improved how well teams managed the collaboration paradox and thereby facilitated subsequent changes in team performance. Supplementary qualitative insights from the intervention sessions illuminate the actions virtual teams took to improve their collaboration paradox management. These results have important implications for the paradox and teams literatures, as well as the managers and members of virtual teams. Funding: This work was supported by the SHRM Foundation [Project 166].
Gender inequality in work location, childcare and work-life balance: Phase-specific differences throughout the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yerkes Mara A. , Besamusca Janna , van der Zwan Roos , André Stéfanie , Remery Chantal , Peeters Ilse 
Published: June 2024

Objective
Much research on the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the unequal impact on men and women in many countries but empirical evidence on later stages of the pandemic remains limited. The objective of this paper is to study differences between men and women in work location, the relative division of childcare, and perceived work-life balance across and throughout different phases of the pandemic using six waves of probability-based survey data collected in the Netherlands between April 2020 and April 2022 (including retrospective pre-pandemic measures).

Method
The study used descriptive methods (longitudinal crosstabulations) and multivariate modelling (cross-sectional multinomial logits, with and without moderators) in a repeated cross-sectional design.

Results
Results suggest the pandemic is associated with several phase-specific differences between men and women in where they worked and their relative division of childcare in the Netherlands. Men were less likely than women to work fully from home at the start of each lockdown and to work on location during the first lockdown. Amongst parents, fathers increased their share of childcare throughout the first phase of the pandemic, and this increase remains visible at the end of the pandemic. Women in the Netherlands did not experience worse work-life balance than men throughout the pandemic, but mothers did experience worse work-life balance than fathers at various points during the pandemic.

Discussion
Our results suggest varying long-term implications for gender inequality in society. Gender differences in work location raise concerns about the possible longer-term impact on gender inequalities in career development. Our findings on childcare suggest that many households have experienced different divisions of childcare at different stages of the pandemic, with some potential for longer-term change.

Conclusion
Inequalities between men and women in work, childcare, and wellbeing have neither been alleviated by nor unilaterally worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic.