bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting organizational citizenship behaviors: the mediating role of intrinsic work motivation
Authors: Battistelli Adalgisa , Galletta Maura , Portoghese Igor , Pohl Sabine , Odoardi Carlo 
Published: October 2013

Promotion des comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle : le rôle médiateur de la motivation intrinsèque au travail Guidés par les théories de l’échange social et de l’auto-détermination, nous avons testé un modèle dans lequel la motivation autodéterminée agit comme un facteur médiateur dans la relation entre, d’une part, les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle (CCOs) et d’autre part, des caractéristiques organisationnelles (soutien organisationnel perçu) et des attitudes au travail (attachement affectif). Un total de 590 infirmières de deux hôpitaux italiens a participé à l’étude. Un échantillon de 327 infirmières a été utilisé pour vérifier le rôle médiateur de la motivation intrinsèque (Hypothèse 1). Afin de soutenir que la médiation ne fonctionne que pour la motivation intrinsèque, un autre échantillon de 263 infirmières a été utilisé pour tester le rôle médiateur de la motivation extrinsèque (Hypothèse 2). Les résultats indiquent que l’attachement affectif et le soutien organisationnel perçu (SOP) étaient différemment et directement liés aux comportements de citoyenneté, et indirectement liés par le biais de la motivation intrinsèque, qui était une variable importante de médiation. En effet, les résultats pour l’hypothèse 2 ont montré que la motivation extrinsèque n’était pas un médiateur de la relation entre, d’une part les CCOs et d’autre part, l’attachement affectif et le SOP. Ceci vient à l’appui de l’hypothèse 1. Les résultats de cette étude fournissent des suggestions importantes en termes de stratégies de gestion des ressources humaines qui pourraient contribuer à améliorer le SOP, l’attachement émotionnel et la motivation intrinsèque afin d’obtenir des employés citoyens. En conclusion, nous considérons les conséquences pratiques de nos résultats pour les salariés et les organisations.
Interaction of CD99 with Its Paralog CD99L2 Positively Regulates CD99L2 Trafficking to Cell Surfaces
Authors: Nam Giri , Lee Young-Kwan , Lee Hye Yeong , Ma Min Jung , Araki Masatake , Araki Kimi , Lee Seungbok , Lee Im-Soon , Choi Eun Young 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Mouse CD99 and its paralog CD99-like 2 (CD99L2) are surface proteins implicated in cellular adhesion and migration. Although their distributions overlap in a wide variety of cells, their physical/functional relationship is currently unknown. In this study, we show the interaction between the two molecules and its consequence for membrane trafficking of mouse (m)CD99L2. The interaction was analyzed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation, immunoprecipitation, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays. When coexpressed, mCD99 formed heterodimers with mCD99L2, as well as homodimers, and the heterodimers were localized more efficiently at the plasma membrane than were the homodimers. Their interaction was cytoplasmic domain–dependent and enhanced mCD99L2 trafficking to the plasma membrane regardless of whether it was transiently overexpressed or endogenously expressed. Surface levels of endogenous mCD99L2 were markedly low on thymocytes, splenic leukocytes, and CTL lines derived from CD99-deficient mice. Importantly, the surface levels of mCD99L2 on mCD99-deficient cells recovered significantly when wild-type mCD99 was exogenously introduced, but they remained low when a cytoplasmic domain mutant of mCD99 was introduced. Our results demonstrate a novel role for mCD99 in membrane trafficking of mCD99L2, providing useful insights into controlling transendothelial migration of leukocytes.
Tissue LyC6− Macrophages Are Generated in the Absence of Circulating LyC6− Monocytes and Nur77 in a Model of Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Varga Tamas , Mounier Rémi , Gogolak Peter , Poliska Szilard , Chazaud Bénédicte , Nagy Laszlo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
There are several open questions regarding the origin, development, and differentiation of subpopulations of monocytes, macrophages (MFs), and dendritic cells. It is a particularly intriguing question how circulating monocyte subsets develop and contribute to the generation of steady-state and inflammatory tissue MF pools and which transcriptional mechanisms contribute to these processes. In this study, we took advantage of a genetic model in which LyC6− circulating monocyte development is severely diminished due to the lack of the nuclear receptor, NUR77. We show that, in a mouse model of skeletal muscle injury and regeneration, the accumulation of leukocytes and the generation of LyC6+ and LyC6− MF pools are intact in the absence of circulating LyC6− blood monocytes. These data suggest that NUR77, which is required for LyC6− blood monocyte development, is expressed but not critically required for LyC6+ to LyC6− tissue MF specification. Moreover, these observations support a model according to which tissue macrophage subtype specification is distinct from that of circulating monocytes. Lastly, our data show that in the used sterile inflammation model tissue LyC6− MFs are derived from LyC6+ cells.
Determination of the Cost of Training of Undergraduate Medical (MBBS) Student at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Authors: Satpathy Sidhartha , Kant Sunil , Deka RC , Chumber Sunil , Verma Rakesh , Gupta Shakti Kumar 
Published: October 2013

How to cite this article
Verma R, Gupta SK, Satpathy S, Kant S, Chumber S, Deka RC. Determination of the Cost of Training of Undergraduate Medical (MBBS) Student at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2013;1(1):1-7.
PM2.5 mass, chemical composition, and light extinction before and during the 2008 Beijing Olympics
Authors: Li Xinghua , He Kebin , Li Chengcai , Yang Fumo , Zhao Qing , Ma Yongliang , Cheng Yuan , Ouyang Wenjuan , Chen Gangcai 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDistinct contrast of air quality and visibility before and during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games provides a rare opportunity to investigate the links between PM2.5 mass, chemical composition, and light extinction in this megacity. Twenty‐four hour integrated PM2.5 samples were collected, and light scattering coefficients and the concentrations of black carbon were measured at urban Beijing for this purpose during a measurement campaign from 1 July to 20 September 2008, which was classed into four stages according to the levels of emission control measures. Daily PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 15.9 to 156.7 µg m−3 with an average of 66.0 ± 35.1 µg m−3. The average PM2.5 mass during the Olympics decreased by 49% from the second stage (20 July to 7 August), mainly due to the reduction of secondary inorganic aerosols (i.e., sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA)). The counterintuitive increase of PM2.5 mass (by 27% on average) during the second stage with two most serious haze episodes, although more rigorous emission control measures were in place, compared to the first stage (1–19 July), was mainly explained by the unfavorable meteorology and input of sulfate aerosols. A daily PM2.5 mass threshold of 50 µg m−3 was extracted for frequent haze occurrence. The extinction fractions of SNA and organic material were each approximately 30% during the 20% best visibility days but changed to 81.7% and 8.4%, respectively, during the 20% worst visibility days. The results indicated that the role of SNA was magnified in haze formation during the 2008 summer in Beijing.
Cultural Transmission
Authors: Gornick Laura Janelle , Conway Lucian Gideon , Cvasa Gregory Peter , Houck Shannon C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Cultural transmission is the transference of belief, preferences, and social norms from one set of people to another. This broad definition includes a wide range of potential influences; thus, it is perhaps not surprising that research in cultural transmission spans many different disciplines, including anthropology, sociology, political science, psychology, economics, and evolutionary biology. Here, we provide a brief overview of this topic.
Emblematic Gestures (Emblems)
Authors: Matsumoto David , Hwang Hyi‐Sung 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

One type of gesture occurs independent of speech and conveys verbal meaning without words. These gestures are known as
symbolic gestures
,
emblematic gestures
, or
emblems
. Just as every culture has its own verbal language, every culture also develops its own emblem vocabulary in gestures. Although the meaning and function of emblems are similar across cultures, their form is different. Thus, emblematic gestures are culture specific (and some are gender specific within cultures). This is true not only of national cultures but also of organizational cultures (e.g., the military, sports teams). Unlike illustrators, emblems can stand on their own without speech and convey verbal meaning, such as the American A‐OK sign, the peace sign (two fingers up, palm facing outward), or OK (thumb up, hand in fist). Many of the emblems of most cultures are devoted to insults or obscenities. Emblems are true body language, with clear verbal meanings, for good or bad.
False Consensus Effect
Authors: Pope Jay W. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The false consensus effect refers to the tendency to overestimate the extent to which one's opinions are also shared by others. It was first formally addressed in an influential article by Ross, which drew from several social psychological and personality‐related themes, such as attribution theory and projection. In four carefully constructed experiments, the authors found “that raters’ perceptions of social consensus and their social inferences about actors reflect the raters’ own behavioral choices” (p. 294). They also observed that the phenomenon applied to numerous aspects of behavior, feelings, opinions, and characteristics, a finding that has been repeatedly supported in the literature. A meta‐analysis of 115 tests in 23 studies found that the false consensus effect is a robust and reliable phenomenon.
Gender Stereotypes
Authors: Koenig Anne M. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Gender stereotypes are beliefs about men and women. Gender stereotypes include positive and negative personality traits as well as physical attributes and skills. Two dimensions succinctly summarize the content of gender stereotypes: (a) agency, including traits such as assertiveness, competitiveness, dominance, and daring, which are more commonly ascribed to men than women; and (b) communion, including traits such as warm, nurturing, concerned with others, and emotionally expressive, which are more commonly ascribed to women than men. Agency and communion also include negative aspects.
Gielen, Uwe P
Authors: Brucato Gary , Hogan John D. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Uwe Gielen was born on August 15, 1940, in Berlin, Germany, to Ursula and Alfred Gielen, a housewife and civil servant, respectively. Following the destruction of their home in a bombing raid in the early 1940s, the family first relocated to the alpine farming village of Gailenberg, Bavaria, and in 1948 to the town of Lindau.
Low‐Context Cultures
Authors: Chung Leeva C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Cultural anthropologist Edward T. Hall claimed that human interaction, can be divided into two cultural communication systems: low‐ and high‐context cultures. Low‐context cultures have a tendency to place emphasis on the intention or meaning expressed through explicit verbal messages. Furthermore, the structure of the language system itself may be more low‐context in expression. There are many implications of this context pattern, including individualistic values, linear logic, direct verbal style, verbal assertiveness and informal verbal style. Low‐context culture refers to the tendencies of a cultural group that does not place high importance on ingroups. Low‐context cultures such as the United States and Denmark do not rely on the context of a message but explain more via words and verbal communication.
Nisbett, Richard E
Authors: Keith Kenneth D. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Richard E. Nisbett is the Theodore M. Newcomb Distinguished Professor of Social Psychology and co‐director of the Culture and Cognition program at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. He received the A.B. degree in psychology from Tufts University in 1962, and the Ph.D. from Columbia University in social psychology in 1966. From 1966 to1971, he served as assistant professor of psychology at Yale University, in 1971 moving to the University of Michigan, where he has occupied a variety of research roles, including research professor in the Institute for Social Research since 2003.
Racial Identity
Authors: Hammer Elliott D. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Racial identity is the extent to which one focuses on one's racial group as a central component of his or her self‐concept. As with most aspects of personal identity development, there is great diversity among members of racial and ethnic groups regarding the extent to which race plays a strong role in their lives. Racial identity theories represent this range by conceptualizing identity in terms of a number of stages or statuses.
The Effect of Different Types of Leading Questions on Adult Eyewitnesses with Mild Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Bowles Peter V. , Sharman Stefanie J. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryAdults with an intellectual disability (ID) are often considered poor witnesses; however, this may depend on the type of questions asked during investigative interviews. We examined the impact of four different types of misleading questions commonly used in interviews. These questions varied in their specificity, presumptive knowledge and structure (open or closed). Forty‐one adults with a mild ID watched a short film; they were then interviewed about what had happened. Half of the questions contained misleading information. In a later recognition test, participants showed a misinformation effect: they correctly recognised more items about which they had received control information than the items about which they had received misleading information. Closer inspection of the data revealed that both closed and open presumptive questions generated the largest misinformation effects. These findings highlight the vulnerability of adults with an ID to misleading questions, specifically those that presume certain information to be true. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The View from the Driver's Seat: What Good Is Salience?
Authors: McCarley Jason S. , Steelman Kelly S. , Horrey William J. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryA set of experiments gauged the value of salient and non‐salient visual information to drivers' decision making. Stimuli were images of traffic scenes viewed from a drivers' approximate perspective, and the subjects' task was to make stop‐or‐go driving judgments. Under some experimental conditions (Experiment 1), subjects viewed only the salient information from within each scene. Under other conditions (Experiments 2–3), they viewed only the non‐salient information. A signal detection measure of sensitivity served as the primary dependent measure. Data indicated that an above‐chance amount of the information needed for accurate judgments was contained within salient image regions and that some information was available only from the salient regions. Other critical information, however, was contained exclusively within non‐salient regions. Results suggest that an attentional bias toward visual salience would serve as an economical information‐seeking strategy for drivers but by itself would overlook many task‐critical cues. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Retrieval Practice in Primary School Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Goossens Nicole A. M. C. , Camp Gino , Verkoeijen Peter P. J. L. , Tabbers Huib K. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe testing effect refers to the finding that retrieval practice leads to better long‐term retention than additional study of course material. In the present study, we examined whether this finding generalizes to primary school vocabulary learning. We also manipulated the word learning context. Children were introduced to 20 words by listening to a story in which novel words were embedded (story condition) or by listening to isolated words (word pairs condition). The children practised the meaning of 10 words by retrieval practice and 10 words by restudy. After 1 week, they completed a cued recall test and a multiple choice test. Words learned by retrieval practice were recalled better than words learned by additional study, but there was no difference in recognition. Furthermore, the children in the word pairs condition outperformed the children in the story condition. These results show that retrieval practice may improve vocabulary learning in children. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Interruptions and Contextual Associations in Delayed‐Execute Prospective Memory
Authors: Cook Gabriel I. , Meeks J. Thadeus , Clark‐Foos Arlo , Merritt Paul S. , Marsh Richard L. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryWe conducted three experiments to examine the dynamics of a delayed‐execute prospective memory task involving task interruptions. In the delayed‐execute paradigm, participants must delay a response until some future condition is met. After an intention was formed to a salient cue, an interruption reduced prospective memory relative to a no‐interruption condition. Prospective memory for cues encountered during an interrupting task was worse than for cues occurring before an interruption, but the location of the cue in either the ongoing task or the interruption did not affect prospective memory. Importantly, reinstating the prevailing context after the interruption alleviated the negative influence of the interruption. Providing participants with information about the future context for making the delayed‐execute response also alleviated some of these deficits presumably because participants could encode more specific features of the performance context. These results highlight the potential importance of contextual associations and reminders in completing everyday intentions successfully. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genome‐wide association study of atypical psychosis
Authors: Kanazawa Tetsufumi , Ikeda Masashi , Glatt Stephen J. , Tsutsumi Atsushi , Kikuyama Hiroki , Kawamura Yoshiya , Nishida Nao , Miyagawa Taku , Hashimoto Ryota , Takeda Masatoshi , Sasaki Tsukasa , Tokunaga Katsushi , Koh Jun , Iwata Nakao , Yoneda Hiroshi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAtypical psychosis with a periodic course of exacerbation and features of major psychiatric disorders [schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD)] has a long history in clinical psychiatry in Japan. Based upon the new criteria of atypical psychosis, a Genome‐Wide Association Study (GWAS) was conducted to identify the risk gene or variants. The relationships between atypical psychosis, SZ and BD were then assessed using independent GWAS data. Forty‐seven patients with solid criteria of atypical psychosis and 882 normal controls (NCs) were scanned using an Affymetrics 6.0 chip. GWAS SZ data (560 SZ cases and 548 NCs) and GWAS BD (107 cases with BD type 1 and 107 NCs) were compared using gene‐based analysis. The most significant SNPs were detected around the CHN2/CPVL genes (rs245914, P = 1.6 × 10−7), COL21A1 gene (rs12196860, P = 2.45 × 10−7), and PYGL/TRIM9 genes (rs1959536, P = 7.73 × 10−7), although none of the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms exhibited genome‐wide significance (P = 5 × 10−8). One of the highest peaks was detected on the major histocompatibility complex region, where large SZ GWASs have previously disclosed an association. The gene‐based analysis suggested significant enrichment between SZ and atypical psychosis (P = 0.01), but not BD. This study provides clues about the types of patient whose diagnosis lies between SZ and BD. Studies with larger samples are required to determine the causal variant. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What can we learn about schizophrenia from studying the human model, drug‐induced psychosis?
Authors: Murray Robin M. , Paparelli Alessandra , Morrison Paul D. , Marconi Arianna , Di Forti Marta 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhen drug‐induced psychoses were first identified in the mid‐20th century, schizophrenia was considered a discrete disease with a likely genetic cause. Consequently, drug‐induced psychoses were not considered central to understanding schizophrenia as they were thought to be phenocopies rather than examples of the illness secondary to a particular known cause. However, now that we know that schizophrenia is a clinical syndrome with multiple component causes, then it is clear that the drug‐induced psychoses have much to teach us. This article shows how the major neuropharmacological theories of schizophrenia have their origins in studies of the effects of drugs of abuse. Research into the effects of LSD initiated the serotonergic model; amphetamines the dopamine hypothesis, PCP and ketamine the glutamatergic hypothesis, while most recently the effects of cannabis have provoked interest in the role of endocannabinoids in schizophrenia. None of these models account for the complete picture of schizophrenia; rather the various drug models mimic different aspects of the illness. Determining the different molecular effects of those drugs whose pharmacological effects do and do not mimic the various aspects of schizophrenia has much to teach us concerning the pathogenesis of the illness. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of liability syndromes for schizophrenia: Where did they come from and where are they going?
Authors: Stone William S. , Giuliano Anthony J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThree decades after Paul Meehl proposed the term “schizotaxia” to describe a conceptual framework for understanding the liability to schizophrenia, Ming Tsuang et al. at Harvard University reformulated the concept as a clinical syndrome with provisional research criteria. The reformulated view relied heavily on more recent data showing that many non‐psychotic, un‐medicated biological relatives of individuals with schizophrenia showed difficulties in cognitive and other clinical functions that resembled those seen in their ill relatives. The reformulation raised questions about both whether and when liability could be assessed validly in the absence of psychosis, and about the extent to which symptoms of liability are reversible. Both questions bear on the larger issue of early intervention in schizophrenia. This article reviews the efforts of Tsuang et al. to conceptualize and validate schizotaxia as one such syndrome of liability. Towards this end, liability is considered first more generally as an outcome of interactive genetic and environmental factors. Liability is then considered in the context of endophenotypes as a concept that is both broader and is potentially more specific (and predictive) than many DSM or ICD diagnostic symptoms. Liability syndromes are then considered in the context of their proximity to illness, first by reviewing prodromal syndromes (which are more proximal), and then by considering schizotaxia, which, as it is currently formulated, is pre‐prodromal and, therefore, less proximal. Finally, challenges to validation and future directions for research are considered. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.