bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Match Quality, Worker Productivity, and Worker Mobility: Direct Evidence from Teachers
Authors: Jackson C. Kirabo 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
I investigate the importance of the match between teachers and schools for student achievement. I show that teacher effectiveness increases after a move to a different school and estimate teacher-school match effects. Match quality explains away a quarter of and has two-thirds the explanatory power of teacher quality. Match quality is negatively correlated with school switching, is unrelated to exit, and increases with experience. This paper provides the first estimates of worker-firm match quality using output data, as opposed to inferring productivity from wages or employment durations. The results suggest that workers seek high-quality matches for reasons other than higher pay.
Peer Effects and Multiple Equilibria in the Risky Behavior of Friends
Authors: Card David , Giuliano Laura 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We study social interactions in the initiation of sex and other risky behaviors by best friend pairs in the Add Health panel. Focusing on friends with minimal experience at the baseline interview, we estimate bivariate ordered-choice models that include both peer effects and unobserved heterogeneity. We find significant peer effects in sexual initiation: the likelihood of initiating intercourse within a year increases by almost 5 percentage points (on an 11% base rate) if one's friend also initiates intercourse. Similar effects are present for smoking, marijuana use, and truancy. We find larger effects for females and important asymmetries in nonreciprocated friendships.
Suitability and acceptability of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders in secondary care
Authors: Carter Frances A , Bell Caroline J , Colhoun Helen C 
Published: October 2012

Objective: To evaluate the suitability and acceptability of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy (CCBT). Method: Participants were patients who had been referred to a secondary care service in the usual manner, and then offered participation in a randomised controlled trial comparing the efficacy of CCBT with a control condition (waitlist) for patients with a current primary diagnosis of generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder or social phobia. Data were collected regarding the recruitment and retention of patients, and patient ratings (anchored Likert scales) of treatment credibility, treatment satisfaction, treatment acceptability and telephone support. Results: A total of 1141 referrals were received by the secondary care service. Of the 1141, 748 (66%) were not suitable for the study, 178 (16%) declined to participate and 127 (11%) were not contactable. Therefore, of the 1141 patients referred to the secondary care service, only 88 patients (8%) were eligible and consenting for the study. The single most common reason for patients not being suitable for the study was that the referral was urgent. In a clinical setting where CCBT could be used alongside clinical management, many of these patients may have been suitable for CCBT. Of the patients randomised to treatment ( n = 40), 65% completed treatment. Drop-out rates were not significantly different across diagnostic groups. The single most commonly cited reason for not completing treatment was ‘too busy’. Patient ratings of treatment were typically favourable (credibility, satisfaction, acceptability and telephone support). Conclusions: CCBT was typically rated favourably by patients referred to a secondary care service and randomised to treatment. However, only a small minority of patients was eligible and consenting for the trial. Therefore, while CCBT may be an acceptable treatment, its suitability for secondary care settings remains unclear.
Bridging the gap from evidence to policy and practice: Reducing the progression to metabolic syndrome for children and adolescents on antipsychotic medication
Authors: Eapen Valsamma , Shiers David , Curtis Jackie 
Published: October 2012

Objectives: For children and adolescents, the adverse effects from antipsychotic medicines exaggerate the already considerable burden of having a serious mental illness. Many of these young people face a future not only limited by stigmatizing psychiatric illness but also a life restricted and shortened by physical ill-health, particularly cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes. This review focuses on bridging the current gap between available evidence and practice guidelines and policies. Method: Following an extensive literature search, key papers focusing on the evidence of the nature and occurrence of metabolic morbidity in children and adolescents following the use of antipsychotic medication were included. Results: There is growing evidence to suggest that some of the key antecedents of metabolic syndrome occur soon after diagnosis and initiation of antipsychotic medication, and they accumulate over time. Conclusion: While guidelines and policies around the monitoring of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents with mental illness receiving antipsychotic medication are limited, an opportunity lies in altering the trajectory towards cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes by early recognition and intervention to reduce cardiometabolic risk rather than waiting until disease end-points are reached later in life.
Personal Museums of Memory
Authors: Martin-Jones David , Montañez María Soledad 
Published: October 2012

Two Uruguayan documentaries, Al pie del árbol blanco (2007) and El círculo (2008), engage with the process of uncovering or recovering the recent past under military rule in Uruguay (1973–1985). Rather than following the established documentary convention of deploying archival footage, both films use a variety of cinematographic techniques to depict present-day places in an effort to reconstruct links between the past and the present. Contextualized in relation to the recent construction of museums of memory in the public sphere in countries such as Uruguay and Argentina, these documentaries construct two very personal virtual (in the sense of cinematic rather than physical) “museums of memory.” In this way they illustrate how individual attempts to reconstruct the lost past can fill in the gaps in official recollections of history. Dos documentales uruguayos, Al pie del árbol blanco (2007) y El círculo (2008) abordan el proceso de descubrimiento y recuperación del pasado reciente bajo mando militar en el Uruguay (1973 -1985). En vez de seguir convenciones establecidas en el documental desplegando metraje de archivo, ambas películas usan una variedad de técnicas cinematográficas para representar lugares actuales en un esfuerzo para reconstruir vínculos entre el pasado y el presente. En el contexto relacionado con la construcción de museos de la memoria en el ámbito público en países como el Uruguay y la Argentina, estos documentales construyen dos muy personales “museos virtuales (en el sentido cinematográfico al opuesto del físico) de la memoria.” De modo de que ilustran cómo es que los esfuerzos individuales para reconstruir un pasado perdido llenan los vacíos en el recuerdo oficial de la historia.
Synthesis, properties, and endothelial progenitor cells labeling stability of dextranes as polymeric magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents
Authors: Agudelo Carlos A , Tachibana Yoichi , Yamaoka Tetsuji 
Published: October 2012

Magnetic resonance imaging is one of the most important fields for cellular imaging due to its non-invasive capacity, spatial resolution, and sensibility to visualized transplanted cells. An enhanced magnetic resonance image can be achieved by using contrast agents containing paramagnetic gadolinium chelates, which have the widest clinical use. To obtain a better contrast-enhancement and reduce the concentration of Gd for payload, one strategy is to conjugate the gadolinium(III) chelate to polymeric materials that will lead into an increase in the rotational correlation time and therefore improve the relaxivity. Four series of dextran gadolinium chelates were synthesized which are of interest as potential MRI contrast agents to track bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells in vivo. The dextranes with molecular weights were characterized, introduced into the endothelial progenitor cells by electroporation, and injected in aqueous solution into rats to acquire the MR images. We have shown that by selecting polymers of the appropriate molecular weight, stability into the cell after labeling, relaxivity, and retention into the body can be accomplished.
Addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia at older age: a randomized phase 2 trial of the Dutch-Belgian Cooperative Trial Group for Hemato-Oncology (HOVON) and the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK)
Authors: Ossenkoppele Gert J. , Stussi Georg , Maertens Johan , van Montfort Kees , Biemond Bart J. , Breems Dimitri , Ferrant August , Graux Carlos , de Greef Georgine E. , Halkes C. J. M. , Hoogendoorn Mels , Hollestein Rene M. , Jongen-Lavrencic Mojca , Levin Mark D. , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. , van Marwijk Kooij Marinus , van Norden Yvette , Pabst Thomas , Schouten Harry C. , Vellenga Edo , Verhoef Gregor E. G. , de Weerdt Okke , Wijermans Pierre , Passweg Jakob R. , Löwenberg Bob 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
An urgent need for new treatment modalities is emerging in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We hypothesized that targeting VEGF might furnish an effective treatment modality in this population. Elderly patients with AML were randomly assigned in this phase 2 study (n = 171) to receive standard chemotherapy (3 + 7) with or without bevacizumab at a dose of 10 mg/kg intravenously at days 1 and 15. In the second cycle, patients received cytarabine 1000 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1-6 with or without bevacizumab. The complete remission rates in the 2 arms were not different (65%). Event-free survival at 12 months was 33% for the standard arm versus 30% for the bevacizumab arm; at 24 months, it was 22% and 16%, respectively (P = .42). The frequencies of severe adverse events (SAEs) were higher in the bevacizumab arm (n = 63) compared with the control arm (n = 28; P = .043), but the percentages of death or life-threatening SAEs were lower in the bevacizumab arm (60% vs 75% of SAEs). The results of the present study show that the addition of bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy does not improve the therapeutic outcome of older AML patients. This trial is registered as number NTR904 in The Nederlands Trial Register (www.trialregister.nl).
Murine regulatory T cells differ from conventional T cells in resisting the CTLA-4 reversal of TCR stop-signal
Authors: Lu Yuning , Schneider Helga , Rudd Christopher E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCTLA-4 inhibits T-cell activation and protects against the development of autoimmunity. We and others previously showed that the coreceptor can induce T-cell motility and shorten dwell times with dendritic cells (DCs). However, it has been unclear whether this property of CTLA-4 affects both conventional T cells (Tconvs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here, we report that CTLA-4 had significantly more potent effects on the motility and contact times of Tconvs than Tregs. This was shown firstly by anti–CTLA-4 reversal of the anti-CD3 stop-signal on FoxP3-negative cells at concentrations that had no effect on FoxP3-positive Tregs. Secondly, the presence of CTLA-4 reduced the contact times of DO11.10 x CD4+CD25− Tconvs, but not DO11.10 x CD4+CD25+ Tregs, with OVA peptide presenting DCs in lymph nodes. Thirdly, blocking of CTLA-4 with anti–CTLA-4 Fab increased the contact times of Tconvs, but not Tregs with DCs. By contrast, the presence of CD28 in a comparison of Cd28−/− and Cd28+/+ DO11.10 T cells had no detectable effect on the contact times of either Tconvs or Tregs with DCs. Our findings identify for the first time a mechanistic explanation to account for CTLA-4–negative regulation of Tconv cells but not Tregs in immune responses.
High-resolution genomic profiling of chronic lymphocytic leukemia reveals new recurrent genomic alterations
Authors: Edelmann Jennifer , Holzmann Karlheinz , Miller Florian , Winkler Dirk , Bühler Andreas , Zenz Thorsten , Bullinger Lars , Kühn Michael W. M. , Gerhardinger Andreas , Bloehdorn Johannes , Radtke Ina , Su Xiaoping , Ma Jing , Pounds Stanley , Hallek Michael , Lichter Peter , Korbel Jan , Busch Raymonde , Mertens Daniel , Downing James R. , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Döhner Hartmut 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
To identify genomic alterations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we performed single-nucleotide polymorphism–array analysis using Affymetrix Version 6.0 on 353 samples from untreated patients entered in the CLL8 treatment trial. Based on paired-sample analysis (n = 144), a mean of 1.8 copy number alterations per patient were identified; approximately 60% of patients carried no copy number alterations other than those detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity was detected in 6% of CLL patients and was found most frequently on 13q, 17p, and 11q. Minimally deleted regions were refined on 13q14 (deleted in 61% of patients) to the DLEU1 and DLEU2 genes, on 11q22.3 (27% of patients) to ATM, on 2p16.1-2p15 (gained in 7% of patients) to a 1.9-Mb fragment containing 9 genes, and on 8q24.21 (5% of patients) to a segment 486 kb proximal to the MYC locus. 13q deletions exhibited proximal and distal breakpoint cluster regions. Among the most common novel lesions were deletions at 15q15.1 (4% of patients), with the smallest deletion (70.48 kb) found in the MGA locus. Sequence analysis of MGA in 59 samples revealed a truncating mutation in one CLL patient lacking a 15q deletion. MNT at 17p13.3, which in addition to MGA and MYC encodes for the network of MAX-interacting proteins, was also deleted recurrently.
The Caulobacter crescentus phage phiCbK: genomics of a canonical phage
Authors: Gill Jason J , Berry Joel D , Russell William K , Lessor Lauren , Escobar-Garcia Diego A , Hernandez Daniel , Kane Ashley , Keene Jennifer , Maddox Matthew , Martin Rebecca , Mohan Sheba , Thorn Ashlyn M , Russell David H , Young Ry 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe bacteriumCaulobacter crescentusis a popular model for the study of cell cycle regulation and senescence. The large prolate siphophage phiCbK has been an important tool inC. crescentusbiology, and has been studied in its own right as a model for viral morphogenesis. Although a system of some interest, to date little genomic information is available on phiCbK or its relatives.ResultsFive novel phiCbK-likeC. crescentusbacteriophages, CcrMagneto, CcrSwift, CcrKarma, CcrRogue and CcrColossus, were isolated from the environment. The genomes of phage phiCbK and these five environmental phage isolates were obtained by 454 pyrosequencing. The phiCbK-like phage genomes range in size from 205 kb encoding 318 proteins (phiCbK) to 280 kb encoding 448 proteins (CcrColossus), and were found to contain nonpermuted terminal redundancies of 10 to 17 kb. A novel method of terminal ligation was developed to map genomic termini, which confirmed termini predicted by coverage analysis. This suggests that sequence coverage discontinuities may be useable as predictors of genomic termini in phage genomes. Genomic modules encoding virion morphogenesis, lysis and DNA replication proteins were identified. The phiCbK-like phages were also found to encode a number of intriguing proteins; all contain a clearly T7-like DNA polymerase, and five of the six encode a possible homolog of theC. crescentuscell cycle regulator GcrA, which may allow the phage to alter the host cell’s replicative state. The structural proteome of phage phiCbK was determined, identifying the portal, major and minor capsid proteins, the tail tape measure and possible tail fiber proteins. All six phage genomes are clearly related; phiCbK, CcrMagneto, CcrSwift, CcrKarma and CcrRogue form a group related at the DNA level, while CcrColossus is more diverged but retains significant similarity at the protein level.ConclusionsDue to their lack of any apparent relationship to other described phages, this group is proposed as the founding cohort of a new phage type, the phiCbK-like phages. This work will serve as a foundation for future studies on morphogenesis, infection and phage-host interactions inC. crescentus.
Genome-wide classification and expression analysis of MYB transcription factor families in rice and Arabidopsis
Authors: Katiyar Amit , Smita Shuchi , Lenka Sangram Keshari , Rajwanshi Ravi , Chinnusamy Viswanathan , Bansal Kailash Chander 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
The MYB gene family comprises one of the richest groups of transcription factors in plants. Plant MYB proteins are characterized by a highly conserved MYB DNA-binding domain. MYB proteins are classified into four major groups namely, 1R-MYB, 2R-MYB, 3R-MYB and 4R-MYB based on the number and position of MYB repeats. MYB transcription factors are involved in plant development, secondary metabolism, hormone signal transduction, disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. A comparative analysis of MYB family genes in rice and Arabidopsis will help reveal the evolution and function of MYB genes in plants.

Results
A genome-wide analysis identified at least 155 and 197 MYB genes in rice and Arabidopsis, respectively. Gene structure analysis revealed that MYB family genes possess relatively more number of introns in the middle as compared with C- and N-terminal regions of the predicted genes. Intronless MYB-genes are highly conserved both in rice and Arabidopsis. MYB genes encoding R2R3 repeat MYB proteins retained conserved gene structure with three exons and two introns, whereas genes encoding R1R2R3 repeat containing proteins consist of six exons and five introns. The splicing pattern is similar among R1R2R3 MYB genes in Arabidopsis. In contrast, variation in splicing pattern was observed among R1R2R3 MYB members of rice. Consensus motif analysis of 1kb upstream region (5′ to translation initiation codon) of MYB gene ORFs led to the identification of conserved and over-represented cis-motifs in both rice and Arabidopsis. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that several members of MYBs are up-regulated by various abiotic stresses both in rice and Arabidopsis.

Conclusion
A comprehensive genome-wide analysis of chromosomal distribution, tandem repeats and phylogenetic relationship of MYB family genes in rice and Arabidopsis suggested their evolution via duplication. Genome-wide comparative analysis of MYB genes and their expression analysis identified several MYBs with potential role in development and stress response of plants.
An olfactory demography of a diverse metropolitan population
Authors: Keller Andreas , Hempstead Margaret , Gomez Iran A , Gilbert Avery N , Vosshall Leslie B 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Human perception of the odour environment is highly variable. People vary both in their general olfactory acuity as well as in if and how they perceive specific odours. In recent years, it has been shown that genetic differences contribute to variability in both general olfactory acuity and the perception of specific odours. Odour perception also depends on other factors such as age and gender. Here we investigate the influence of these factors on both general olfactory acuity and on the perception of 66 structurally and perceptually different odours in a diverse subject population.

Results
We carried out a large human olfactory psychophysics study of 391 adult subjects in metropolitan New York City, an ethnically and culturally diverse North American metropolis. 210 of the subjects were women and the median age was 34.6 years (range 19–75). We recorded ~2,300 data points per subject to obtain a comprehensive perceptual phenotype, comprising multiple perceptual measures of 66 diverse odours. We show that general olfactory acuity correlates with gender, age, race, smoking habits, and body type. Young, female, non-smoking subjects had the highest average olfactory acuity. Deviations from normal body type in either direction were associated with decreased olfactory acuity. Beyond these factors we also show that, surprisingly, there are many odour-specific influences of race, age, and gender on olfactory perception. We show over 100 instances in which the intensity or pleasantness perception of an odour is significantly different between two demographic groups.

Conclusions
These data provide a comprehensive snapshot of the olfactory sense of a diverse population. Olfactory acuity in the population is most strongly influenced by age, followed by gender. We also show a large number of diverse correlations between demographic factors and the perception of individual odours that may reflect genetic differences as well as different prior experiences with these odours between demographic groups.
Two putative-aquaporin genes are differentially expressed during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Giovannetti Marco , Balestrini Raffaella , Volpe Veronica , Guether Mike , Straub Daniel , Costa Alex , Ludewig Uwe , Bonfante Paola 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are widespread symbioses that provide great advantages to the plant, improving its nutritional status and allowing the fungus to complete its life cycle. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms that lead to the development of AM symbiosis are not yet fully deciphered. Here, we have focused on two putative aquaporin genes, LjNIP1 and LjXIP1, which resulted to be upregulated in a transcriptomic analysis performed on mycorrhizal roots of Lotus japonicus.

Results
A phylogenetic analysis has shown that the two putative aquaporins belong to different functional families: NIPs and XIPs. Transcriptomic experiments have shown the independence of their expression from their nutritional status but also a close correlation with mycorrhizal and rhizobial interaction. Further transcript quantification has revealed a good correlation between the expression of one of them, LjNIP1, and LjPT4, the phosphate transporter which is considered a marker gene for mycorrhizal functionality. By using laser microdissection, we have demonstrated that one of the two genes, LjNIP1, is expressed exclusively in arbuscule-containing cells. LjNIP1, in agreement with its putative role as an aquaporin, is capable of transferring water when expressed in yeast protoplasts. Confocal analysis have demonstrated that eGFP-LjNIP1, under its endogenous promoter, accumulates in the inner membrane system of arbusculated cells.

Conclusions
Overall, the results have shown different functionality and expression specificity of two mycorrhiza-inducible aquaporins in L. japonicus. One of them, LjNIP1 can be considered a novel molecular marker of mycorrhizal status at different developmental stages of the arbuscule. At the same time, LjXIP1 results to be the first XIP family aquaporin to be transcriptionally regulated during symbiosis.