bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Antihypertensive Medication Prescribing Patterns and Effectiveness
Authors: Goleva Slavina B. , Williams Ariel , Schlueter David J. , Keaton Jacob M. , Tran Tam C. , Waxse Bennett J. , Ferrara Tracey M. , Cassini Thomas , Mo Huan , Denny Joshua C. 
Published: July 2024

Variability in drug effectiveness and provider prescribing patterns have been reported in different racial and ethnic populations. We sought to evaluate antihypertensive drug effectiveness and prescribing patterns among self‐identified Hispanic/Latino (Hispanic), Non‐Hispanic Black (Black), and Non‐Hispanic White (White) populations that enrolled in the NIH All of Us Research Program, a US longitudinal cohort. We employed a self‐controlled case study method using electronic health record and survey data from 17,718 White, Hispanic, and Black participants who were diagnosed with essential hypertension and prescribed at least one of 19 commonly used antihypertensive medications. Effectiveness was determined by calculating the reduction in systolic blood pressure measurements after 28 or more days of drug exposure. Starting systolic blood pressure and effectiveness for each medication were compared for self‐reported Black, Hispanic, and White participants using adjusted linear regressions. Black and Hispanic participants were started on antihypertensive medications at significantly higher SBP than White participants in 13 and 7 out of 19 medications, respectively. More Black participants were prescribed multiple antihypertensive medications (58.46%) than White (52.35%) or Hispanic (49.9%) participants. First‐line HTN medications differed by race and ethnicity. Following the 2017 American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association High Blood Pressure Guideline release, around 64% of Black participants were prescribed a recommended first‐line antihypertensive drug compared with 76% of White and 82% of Hispanic participants. Effect sizes suggested that most antihypertensive drugs were less effective in Hispanic and Black, compared with White, participants, and statistical significance was reached in 6 out of 19 drugs. These results indicate that Black and Hispanic populations may benefit from earlier intervention and screening and highlight the potential benefits of personalizing first‐line medications.
Access to Substituted 1,1‐Diarylalkanes by Friedel–Crafts Benzylations Mediated by FeCl3‐based Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Ramos‐Martín Marina , García‐Álvarez Joaquín , Soto Alejandro Presa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of new, more efficient Friedel–Crafts benzylation methodologies that provide access to 1,1‐diarylalkanes is an important objective of interest for the production of pharmaceuticals and fine chemical products. In this regard, this study introduces a novel synthetic route to 1,1‐diarylalkanes conducted in the Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) 3 FeCl3 ⋅ 6 H2O/Gly, which serves as both a reaction medium and promoter. Under these conditions, Friedel–Crafts benzylations of various arenes bearing activating and deactivating ortho‐/para‐directing groups, can be performed using diverse benzylating reagents such as styrenes, alcohols, acetates, ethers, and chlorides. Importantly, highly electronically deactivated electrophiles, including those with CF3 and NO2 groups, are suitable substrates. This methodology provides a wide range of asymmetric 1,1‐diarylalkanes (up to 132 examples) with generally good yields and high regioselectivities. The efficiency of this approach was demonstrated with the multigram‐scale synthesis (10 mmol) of 1‐phenyl‐1‐xylyl ethane (PXE), a liquid with great industrial applicability. Moreover, the Fe(III)‐based DES could be reused for 20 consecutive cycles with no appreciable erosion of the yields.
A field survey on the dietary use of traditional Chinese medicine in selected regions with the Cantonese, Hakka, and Teochew populations in Guangdong province, China
Authors: Peng Jie‐wen , Chen Shao‐wei , Wang Ping , Huang Rui , Li Qing , Chen Zi‐hui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the dietary consumption patterns of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) among the population in Guangdong province. Employing a cross‐sectional design, the survey was conducted from 2019 to 2021 to examine the inclusion of TCM in the diet of participants in Guangdong province. Information regarding consumption of TCM during the preceding 12 months was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The participant cohort comprised a total of 3031 participants, consisting of 1081 Cantonese, 967 Hakka, and 983 Teochew individuals. The survey included 42 TCM, with consumption rates ranging from 2.6% to 47.3%. The top five TCM comprised Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (47.3%), Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (47.0%), Codonopsis Radix (46.4%), Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (43.1%), and Siraitiae Fructus (41.5%), along with Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (41.5%). These TCM possess recognized therapeutic properties within TCM for clearing heat, drying dampness, and detoxification. Within the top decile of 10 TCM, only Lonicerae Japonicae Flos was ubiquitous across all three sub‐populations. Nonetheless, 11 TCM from the top 20 and 17 TCM from the top 30 overlapped among the three sub‐populations. The study revealed substantial variability in the consumption rates of different TCM. Notably, those with traditional Chinese medicine effects of clearing heat, drying dampness, and detoxification exhibited higher consumption rates. Disparities in the consumption rates of these TCM were noted among the Cantonese, Hakka, and Teochew populations.
Indexversuche zur Bestimmung der Abrasivität von Lockergestein
Authors: Drucker Petra , Feinendegen Martin , Holzhäuser Jörg , Richter Annette 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDie Abnutzung von Werkzeugen kann insbesondere im Spezialtief‐ und Tunnelbau einen relevanten Kostenfaktor darstellen, der möglichst bereits vor Bauausführung prognostizierbar gemacht werden soll. Dabei sind jedoch unterschiedliche Faktoren, etwa das Verschleißpotenzial des Baugrunds, die Werkzeugeigenschaften, aber auch die Baumethode, die Ausführungsbedingungen sowie weitere Projektgegebenheiten zu berücksichtigen. Der DGGT‐Arbeitskreis 1.11 „Verschleiß und Verklebung“ arbeitet an Empfehlungen, u. a. zur Bewertung des Verschleißpotenzials von Lockergestein. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden mehrere Indexversuche identifiziert, die zur Bestimmung der Abrasivität von Böden herangezogen werden können, wobei jedoch zu berücksichtigen ist, dass Laborergebnisse nicht immer die realen Baugrundverhältnisse widerspiegeln. Die vorgestellten Versuchsmethoden decken unterschiedliche Korngrößenbereiche ab, eine Kombination der Versuche ermöglicht die Charakterisierung der Abrasivität von weitgestuften und gemischtkörnigen Lockergesteinen.
Una nueve, subespecia Iresine celosía L. ssp. tomentosa ssp. nov., para la Flora de Cuba
Authors: de la Luz de Armas Matilde 
Published: July 2024

ResumenIresine celosía ssp. tomentosa M. De la Luz ssp. nov. fue descrita como una subespecie de las Montañas de la Sierra Maestra. Difiero do Iresine celosia ssp. celosía en el tamaño de las hojas y en la intensidad de la pubescencia de todos los órganos vegetativos, éstos caracteres se describen en el trabajo.
Contribuciones al estudio del género Portulaca (Portulacaceae) en Cuba
Authors: Menes María Dolores Grtega 
Published: July 2024

ResumenBasándose en los diferentes caracteres ecológicos y fito geográficos encontrados entre Portulaca terctifolia Hbk. var. teretifolia y Portulaca terctifolia Hbk. var. cubensis (Urb.) Legrand se establece un nuevo status de subespecie para este último taxon.
Estudio biométrico‐morfológico en poblaciones de Hyperbaena Miers ex Bentham (Menispermaceae) en Cuba
Authors: Granda Manue M. , Fuentes Víctor R. 
Published: July 2024

ResumenSe realiza un estudio biométrico‐morfológico de órganos vegetativos en cinco poblaciones do Hyperbaena sobre calizas. Se tomaron 10 ejemplares de herbario de cada localidad y fueron medidas en cada uno 10 hojas tomadas al azar. Las mediciones fueron evaluadas mediante un análisis do varianza de clasificación simple y el test de rangos múltiples de Duncan. En base a los resultados obtenidos, se propone mantener el status de especie para Hyperbaena ovala Urb., reducida a la sinonimia de Hyperbaena cubensis (Griseb.) Urb. por Mathias & Theobald en la más reciente revisión del género.
El complejo estomático en la familia Agavaceae I. Desarrollo
Authors: de Zayas Alberto Alvarez 
Published: July 2024

ResumenSe analiza el desarrollo del complejo estomático en representantes de los géneros Agave, Yucca, Furcreae, Manfreda, Polianthes y Hosta do la familia Agavaceae.Se sumarizan los resultados alcanzados en cuanto a: forma y organización de las células protodérmicas y los tipos principales de división celular do las células vecinas de la célula madre do las oclusivas, determinándose las principales tendencias en cada género estudiado, pose a la heterogeneidad encontrada en elfos.So señala la relación existente entre el hábito y el tipo de hoja y el número de divisiones de Jas células vecinas laterales con el grado de diferenciación de las células subsidiarias.El grado de transformación de la forma de las células epidérmicas y las derivadas de las vecinas durante su desarrollo es analizado así como su posible relación con las tensiones superficiales que ocurren durante el crecimiento de la hoja.
Adolescent caffeine use and problematic school behavior: A longitudinal analysis of student survey data and teacher observations
Authors: Kristjansson Alfgeir L. , Lilly Christa L. , Mann Michael J. , Smith Megan L. , Kogan Steven M. , Layman Hannah M. , James Jack E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionCaffeine is a psychostimulant possessing arousal, motor activation, and reinforcing properties, which is consumed daily by most adolescents aged 12–19 years. Although current understanding of the implications of adolescent caffeine consumption for school behaviors remains incomplete, studies have shown that in addition to acute effects of the drug, in common with other habit‐forming psychoactive substances, regular use leads to physical dependence, evidenced by recurring negative withdrawal symptoms.MethodsEmploying two waves of longitudinal data, we tested the prospective association between daily caffeine use and homeroom teacher‐observed self‐control and problem behavior in a sample of middle‐school students in 20 schools in West Virginia in the United States. Caffeine was operationalized with two dichotomized variables, daily consumption of <100 mg, and daily consumption of >100 mg, versus no daily use. Gender, mother's education, family financial status, social support by primary caregiver and adults in school, and school climate, were applied as covariates in linear mixed models.ResultsDaily caffeine use of >100 mg was robustly and inversely associated with self‐control and positively associated with problem behavior.ConclusionsCaffeine consumption and associated withdrawal symptoms may be an important factor in problematic school behavior among adolescents. Recent advent of highly concentrated caffeine products (e.g., caffeine “shots”) commonly marketed directly at youth, should give rise to concerns including consideration about limiting caffeine consumption among children and youth.
A Model‐Informed Drug Development Approach Supporting the Approval of an Unstudied Valbenazine Dose for Patients With Tardive Dyskinesia
Authors: Nguyen Hoa Q. , Kuan Han‐Yi Steve , Crass Ryan L. , Quinlan Lauren , Chapel Sunny , Kim Kristine , Brar Satjit , Loewen Gordon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractValbenazine is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of synaptic vesicular monoamine transporter 2. The current therapeutic doses of valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia (TD) are 40, 60, or 80 mg capsules, given orally, once daily (QD). While 40 and 80 mg were investigated in phase 3 KINECT® 3 trial and initially approved, the approval of valbenazine 60 mg was based on the analysis utilizing the Model‐informed drug development (MIDD) approach, facilitated through the US Food and Drug Administration's MIDD Pilot Program. This study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of 60 mg QD dose through model simulations using an established exposure‐response (E‐R) relationship between valbenazine active metabolite [+]‐α‐dihydrotetrabenazine exposure and the change from baseline in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale total score (AIMS‐CFB). A longitudinal E–R model was constructed based on the 40 and 80 mg data from the KINECT 3 trial. The final Emax model adequately predicted dose‐dependent improvement in the primary endpoint and was used to interpolate AIMS‐CFB for 60 mg at week 6. The efficacy of the unstudied 60 mg dose regimen is expected to be within the range of doses studied clinically with predicted mean AIMS‐CFB (95% confidence interval) of −2.69 (−3.30, −2.13) between observed mean AIMS‐CFB for 40 mg of −1.92 and 80 mg of −3.39. Results from this analysis provided the key evidence to establish efficacy of 60 mg QD without the need for an additional clinical trial. The availability of valbenazine 60 mg dose fills an existing medical need for patients with TD who could benefit from this third effective dose.
Sex similarities and divergences in systemic and muscle iron metabolism adaptations to extreme physical inactivity in rats
Authors: Horeau Mathieu , Delalande Melissa , Ropert Martine , Leroyer Patricia , Martin Brice , Orfila Luz , Loréal Olivier , Derbré Frédéric 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious data in humans suggest that extreme physical inactivity (EPI) affects iron metabolism differently between sexes. Our objective was to deepen the underlying mechanisms by studying rats of both sexes exposed to hindlimb unloading (HU), the reference experimental model mimicking EPI.MethodsEight‐week‐old male and female Wistar rats were assigned to control (CTL) or hindlimb unloading (HU) conditions (n = 12/group). After 7 days of HU, serum, liver, spleen, and soleus muscle were removed. Iron parameters were measured in serum samples, and ICP‐MS was used to quantify iron in tissues. Iron metabolism genes and proteins were analysed by RT‐qPCR and Western blot.ResultsCompared with control males, control females exhibited higher iron concentrations in serum (+43.3%, p < 0.001), liver (LIC; +198%, P < 0.001), spleen (SIC; +76.1%, P < 0.001), and transferrin saturation (TS) in serum (+53.3%, P < 0.001), contrasting with previous observations in humans. HU rat males, but not females, exhibited an increase of LIC (+54% P < 0.001) and SIC (+30.1%, P = 0.023), along with a rise of H‐ferritin protein levels (+60.9% and +134%, respectively, in liver and spleen; P < 0.05) and a decrease of TFRC protein levels (−36%; −50%, respectively, P < 0.05). HU males also exhibited an increase of splenic HO‐1 and NRF2 mRNA levels, (p < 0.001), as well as HU females (P < 0.001). Concomitantly to muscle atrophy observed in HU animals, the iron concentration increased in soleus in females (+26.7, P = 0.004) while only a trend is observed in males (+17.5%, P = 0.088). In addition, the H‐ferritin and myoglobin protein levels in soleus were increased in males (+748%, P < 0.001, +22%, P = 0.011, respectively) and in females (+369%, P < 0.001, +21.9%, P = 0.007, respectively), whereas TFRC and ferroportin (FPN) protein levels were reduced in males (−68.9%, P < 0.001, −76.8%, P < 0.001, respectively) and females (−75.9%, P < 0.001, −62.9%, P < 0.001, respectively). Interestingly, in both sexes, heme exporter FLVCR1 mRNA increased in soleus, while protein levels decreased (−39.9% for males P = 0.010 and −49.1% for females P < 0.001).ConclusionsTaken together, these data support that, in rats (1) extreme physical inactivity differently impacts the distribution of iron in both sexes, (2) splenic erythrophagocytosis could play a role in this iron misdistribution. The higher iron concentrations in atrophied soleus from both sexes are associated with a decoupling between the increase in iron storage proteins (i.e., ferritin and myoglobin) and the decrease in levels of iron export proteins (i.e., FPN and FLVCR1), thus supporting an iron sequestration in skeletal muscle under extreme physical inactivity.
RAB22A sorts epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) from early endosomes to recycling endosomes for microvesicles release
Authors: Lin Yujie , Wei Denghui , He Xiaobo , Huo Lanqing , Wang Jingxuan , Zhang Xia , Wu Yuanzhong , Zhang Ruhua , Gao Ying , Kang Tiebang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicrovesicles (MVs) containing proteins, nucleic acid or organelles are shed from the plasma membrane. Although the mechanisms of MV budding are well elucidated, the connection between endosomal trafficking and MV formation remains poorly understood. In this report, RAB22A is revealed to be crucial for EGFR‐containing MVs formation by the RAB GTPase family screening. RAB22A recruits TBC1D2B, a GTPase‐activating protein (GAP) of RAB7A, to inactivate RAB7A, thus preventing EGFR from being transported to late endosomes and lysosomes. RAB22A also engages SH3BP5L, a guanine‐nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of RAB11A, to activate RAB11A on early endosomes. Consequently, EGFR is recycled to the cell surface and packaged into MVs. Furthermore, EGFR can phosphorylate RAB22A at Tyr136, which in turn promotes EGFR‐containing MVs formation. Our findings illustrate that RAB22A acts as a sorter on early endosomes to sort EGFR to recycling endosomes for MV shedding by both activating RAB11A and inactivating RAB7A.
Determining confidence and anxiety of Australian community podiatrists in managing foot ulceration: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Anning Naomi , Stokes‐Parish Jessica , Banwell Helen , Causby Ryan , Walsh Annie , Tehan Peta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes related foot ulcer (DFU) is a leading cause of impaired quality of life, disability, hospitalisation, amputation and mortality in people with diabetes. It is therefore critical that podiatrists across all settings, including community settings, are confident and capable of providing care for diabetes‐related foot complications. This study aims to describe current practice, confidence and anxiety levels of community podiatrists in the management of patients with foot ulceration. Furthermore, current barriers to service provision and interest in future educational opportunities will also be explored.MethodsAn online cross‐sectional survey was distributed to Australian community podiatrists. Descriptive variables including gender, age, professional experience, practice location and practise setting were elicited. A modified competitive State Anxiety Inventory‐2 (CSAI‐2) was utilised to measure anxiety related to managing a foot ulcer. Other questions included a combination of multiple choice and open‐ended free‐text responses relating to assessment, confidence and referral pathways.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐two Australian community‐based podiatrists responded to the survey. A variety of ulcer sizes and complexity were reported to be managed in community settings. Confidence in DFU management was high in most manual skill domains including: stabilisation of the foot (85.7%, standard deviation [SD] 17.42), scalpel control (83.0%, SD 20.02), debridement with a scalpel (82.7%, SD 18.19) and aseptic technique (81.0%, SD 18.62, maintaining integrity of healthy tissue (77.3%, SD 21.11), removal of appropriate tissue (75.6%, SD 22.53), depth of ulceration (73.7%, SD 23.99) and ability to manage messy wounds (69.1%, SD 26.04). Curette debridement had substantially lower levels of reported confidence (41.0%, SD 34.24). Performance anxiety was low with somatic and cognitive anxiety of 6/24 and 3/8 on the CSAI‐2, respectively.ConclusionCommunity podiatrists are managing foot ulcers of varying size and complexity. Confidence and anxiety do not pose a barrier to care. Adherence to wound assessment clinical guidelines is low and confidence with the use of curette was sub‐optimal. Further educational programs may overcome these barriers and support shared models of care between community and acute podiatry services.
Identification of risk groups for advanced liver fibrosis in the general population using the Fibrosis‐3 index
Authors: Kariyama Kazuya , Kawanaka Miwa , Nouso Kazuhiro , Wakuta Akiko , Shiota Shohei , Kurisu Akemi , Sugiyama Aya , Akita Tomoyuki , Kumada Takashi , Tanaka Junko ,   the Real‐Life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimWe conducted a study using the Fibrosis‐3 (FIB‐3) index, which is the established age‐independent index of fibrosis in nonviral liver disease and addresses the limitations of the FIB‐4 index in older age group, to assess the liver fibrosis risk among diverse demographic groups in the general population.MethodsWe analyzed 31 327 individuals who underwent health examinations between 2013 and 2020 and investigated the distribution of the FIB‐3 index by age group. In addition, we examined the age distribution of the FIB‐3 index stratified by background factors, such as sex, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption habits, and the presence or absence of fatty liver.ResultsIn terms of age‐specific distribution, the FIB‐3 index remained below 1.5 in >90% of cases until the age of 50 years but exceeded 1.5 beyond the age of 50 years, in approximately 30% among those aged 70 years. Notably, the FIB‐3 index above 31 years old was significantly higher in men than in women. Among the different BMI categories, individuals with BMI < 18.5 exhibited the highest prevalence of fibrosis. Habitual drinkers had a higher proportion with FIB‐3. index ≥1.5, and some had FIB‐3 index ≥2.5, raising the suspicion of advanced hepatic fibrosis. No distinct association was identified between the FIB‐3 index and the presence of fatty liver.ConclusionsThe FIB‐3 index was useful for identifying cases of advancing hepatic fibrosis in a health checkup population. Liver fibrosis progresses with age in the general population, especially among men, those with low BMI, and habitual drinkers.