bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome resources for the perennial sunflower Helianthus maximiliani obtained from ecologically divergent populations
Authors: Kawakami Takeshi , Darby Brian J. , Ungerer Mark C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies provide a rapid means to generate genomic resources for species exhibiting interesting ecological and evolutionary variation but for which such resources are scant or nonexistent. In the current report, we utilize 454 pyrosequencing to obtain transcriptome information for multiple individuals and tissue types from geographically disparate and ecologically differentiated populations of the perennial sunflower species Helianthus maximiliani. A total of 850 275 raw reads were obtained averaging 355 bp in length. Reads were assembled, postprocessing, into 16 681 unique contigs with an N50 of 898 bp and a total length of 13.6 Mb. A majority (67%) of these contigs were annotated based on comparison with the Arabidopsis thaliana genome (TAIR10). Contigs were identified that exhibit high similarity to genes associated with natural variation in flowering time and freezing tolerance in other plant species and will facilitate future studies aimed at elucidating the molecular basis of clinal life history variation and adaptive differentiation in H. maximiliani. Large numbers of gene‐associated simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) also were identified that can be deployed in mapping and population genomic analyses.
Core Content for Wilderness Medicine Fellowship Training of Emergency Medicine Graduates
Authors: Lipman Grant S. , Weichenthal Lori , Stuart Harris N. , McIntosh Scott E. , Cushing Tracy , Caudell Michael J. , Macias Darryl J. , Weiss Eric A. , Lemery Jay , Ellis Mark A. , Spano Susanne , McDevitt Marion , Tedeschi Christopher , Dow Jennifer , Mazzorana Vicki , McGinnis Henderson , Gardner Angela F. , Auerbach Paul S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWilderness medicine is the practice of resource‐limited medicine under austere conditions. In 2003, the first wilderness medicine fellowship was established, and as of March 2013, a total of 12 wilderness medicine fellowships exist. In 2009 the American College of Emergency Physicians Wilderness Medicine Section created a Fellowship Subcommittee and Taskforce to bring together fellowship directors, associate directors, and other interested stakeholders to research and develop a standardized curriculum and core content for emergency medicine (EM)‐based wilderness medicine fellowships. This paper describes the process and results of what became a 4‐year project to articulate a standardized curriculum for wilderness medicine fellowships. The final product specifies the minimum core content that should be covered during a 1‐year wilderness medicine fellowship. It also describes the structure, length, site, and program requirements for a wilderness medicine fellowship.
Pericardial, intra‐abdominal, and subcutaneous adipose tissue in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Kahl K. G. , Hueper K. , Schweiger U. , Gutberlet M. , Detlef A.‐M. , Weiss C. , von Bohlen A. , Pul R. , Lichtinghagen R. , Wacker F. , Hartung D. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk for developing coronary artery disease (CAD). Recently, pericardial adipose tissue, a metabolically active visceral fat depot surrounding the heart, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD. Therefore, we investigated pericardial adipose tissue volumes in patients with MDD and compared them to healthy comparison subjects.MethodIn this case‐control study at a university medical center, 50 male and female in‐patients with MDD and 25 healthy men and women were examined. The main outcome measures were the volumes of pericardial adipose tissue, intra‐abdominal adipose tissue (IaAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (ScAT) which were measured using magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThe pericardial adipose tissue volumes were greater in men and women with MDD compared with the healthy comparison group following adjustments for the effects of age, weight, height, and physical activity.ConclusionThis study expands our knowledge about the alterations in body composition that occur in patients with MDD. The findings are highly relevant for understanding the comorbidity between heart disease and depressive disorders.
The future of research in craniofacial biology and what this will mean for oral health professional education and clinical practice
Authors: Slavkin HC 
Published: January 2014

AbstractToday, and looking to the future, scientific discoveries from cellular, developmental and molecular biology inform our understanding of cell, tissue and organ morphogenesis as exemplified in skin, bone, cartilage, dentine, enamel, muscle, nerve and many organs such as salivary glands and teeth. Present day biomedical science yields principles for the biomimetic design and fabrication of cells, tissues and organs. Bioengineering has become a strategy that can ‘mimic’ biological processes, and inform clinical procedures for tissue and organ replacements. The future of regenerative craniofacial biology holds enormous promise for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital birth defects, traumatic injuries, degenerative chronic diseases as well as for Mendelian single gene and complex multigene diseases and disorders. The past 50 years have heralded the completion of the human genome and the introduction of ‘personalized medicine and dentistry’, the utilization of stem cell therapy for an array of diseases and disorders, the ‘proof of principle’ to reverse select inherited diseases such as anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (ED), and the fruits from interdisciplinary research drawn from the diverse biomedical sciences. Looking to the future, we can readily anticipate as major goals to emphasize the clinician's role in identifying clinical phenotypes that can lead to differential diagnosis, and rejuvenate missing or damaged tissues by establishing processes for the utilization of gene, cell and/or protein therapies. The future is replete with remarkable opportunities to enhance clinical outcomes for congenital as well as acquired craniofacial malformations. Clinicians play a pivotal role because critical thinking and sound clinical acumen substantially improve diagnostic precision and thereby clinical health outcomes.
New‐Build Gentrification and the Everyday Displacement of Polish Immigrant Tenants in Greenpoint, Brooklyn
Authors: Stabrowski Filip 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn response to research that has downplayed or denied the reality of gentrification‐induced displacement, critical urban geographers have called for rethinking the concept of displacement. This article takes up that call by examining the impact of new‐build gentrification on the everyday place‐making abilities of Polish immigrant tenants in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. Based on nearly four years of work as a tenant organizer, this article looks at the forms of “everyday displacement”—the ongoing loss of the agency, freedom, and security to “make place”—experienced by immigrant tenants who struggle to remain in the neighborhood. Drawing upon Lefebvre's spatial triad and Blomley's work on the social relations of property, this article argues that everyday displacement is experienced through the production of new spaces of prohibition, appropriation, and insecurity that constitute a form of neighborhood erasure.
Input–output characteristics of soleus homonymous Ia afferents and corticospinal pathways during upright standing differ between young and elderly adults
Authors: Baudry S. , Penzer F. , Duchateau J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimThis study investigated the effects of ageing on the excitability of soleus homonymous Ia afferents and corticospinal pathways during bipedal upright standing.MethodsThe input–output relations for the Hoffmann (H) reflex and motor‐evoked potential (MEP) were computed for the soleus in response to electrical nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, respectively, in young (n = 16) and elderly (n = 16) adults. In subsets of subjects, the input–output relations were compared between normal and supported upright standing, and corticomotoneuronal excitability was assessed during upright standing with an H‐reflex conditioning method. For the H‐reflex and MEP threshold, maximal amplitude (Hmax, MEPmax) and the slope of the input–output relation (Hslope, MEPslope) were measured and normalized to the corresponding M‐wave value.ResultsIn normal standing, the Hmax/Mmax [mean (SD); young: 48.3 (14.2)%; elderly: 17.3 (6.4)%] and Hslope/Mslope were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in elderly than in young adults, whereas the MEPmax/Mmax [young: 13.6 (7.5)%; elderly: 24.5 (12.8)%] and MEPslope/Mslope were greater in elderly adults (P < 0.05). The Hslope/Mslope and MEPslope/Mslope decreased and increased, respectively, from supported to normal standing for both age groups but more so in elderly adults. Furthermore, the conditioned H reflex was greater (P < 0.05) in elderly [175.1 (34.3)%] than in young adults [141.8 (29.8)%] during normal standing.ConclusionThis is the first study that clearly indicates lower efficacy of Ia afferents to discharge spinal motor neurones accompanied by greater corticospinal excitability in elderly adults, suggesting an increased contribution of the descending drive in controlling soleus activity during upright standing with ageing.
Model‐based clinical pharmacology profiling of ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma
Authors: Feng Yan , Masson Eric , Dai David , Parker Susan M. , Berman David , Roy Amit 
Published: January 2014

AimIpilimumab is a fully human, monoclonal antibody that blocks cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4. The objective of the present study was to characterize the clinical pharmacology profile of ipilimumab using a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) approach.MethodsThe PPK model was developed using 2095 ipilimumab serum concentration values from 499 patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma from four phase II studies, with ipilimumab doses ranging from 0.3 to 10 mg kg−1. The structural PK model was determined by developing a base PPK model. The effect of covariates on model parameters was assessed by a full covariate model, which incorporated all pre‐specified covariate‐parameter relationships into the base model. The final model was developed by backward elimination, followed by exclusion of covariates determined not to be of clinical relevance to ipilimumab, and was rigorously validated against both internal and external datasets.ResultsIpilimumab PK was linear and time‐invariant, with dose‐proportional exposures over the available dose range, yielding a terminal half‐life of approximately 15 days. Clearance of ipilimumab increased with increasing body weight and baseline serum lactate dehydrogenase concentrations, but was not affected by age, gender, concomitant budesonide, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status or prior systemic anticancer therapy. Furthermore, ipilimumab exposure was not affected by moderate renal impairment or mild hepatic impairment.ConclusionsIpilimumab concentration–time data were well described by a linear, two compartment, zero order i.v. infusion model. The model confirms that a body weight‐normalized dosing regimen is appropriate for ipilimumab therapy in patients with advanced melanoma.
Population pharmacokinetics of levodopa in subjects with advanced Parkinson's disease: levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel infusion vs. oral tablets
Authors: Othman Ahmed A. , Dutta Sandeep 
Published: January 2014

AimsLevodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) provides continuous levodopa‐carbidopa delivery through intrajejunal infusion. This study characterized the population pharmacokinetics of levodopa following a 16 h jejunal infusion of LCIG or frequent oral administration of levodopa‐carbidopa tablets (LC‐oral) in subjects with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsA non‐linear mixed‐effects model of levodopa pharmacokinetics was developed using serial plasma concentrations from an LCIG phase 1 study and a phase 3 double‐blind, double‐dummy study of the efficacy and safety of LCIG compared with LC‐oral in advanced PD patients (n = 68 for model development; 45 on LCIG and 23 on LC‐oral). The final model was internally evaluated using stochastic simulations and bootstrap and externally evaluated using sparse pharmacokinetic data from 311 subjects treated in a long term safety study of LCIG.ResultsThe final model was a two compartment model with a transit compartment for absorption, first order elimination, bioavailability for LCIG (97%; confidence interval = 95% to 98%) relative to LC‐oral, different first order transit absorption rate constants (LCIG = 9.2 h–1 vs. LC‐oral = 2.4 h–1; corresponding mean absorption time of 7 min for LCIG vs. 25 min for LC‐oral) and different residual (intra‐subject) variability for LCIG (15% proportional error, 0.3 μg ml−1 additive error) vs. LC‐oral (29% proportional error, 0.59 μg ml−1 additive error). Estimated oral clearance and steady‐state volume of distribution for levodopa were 24.8 l h−1 and 131 l, respectively.ConclusionsLCIG administration results in faster absorption, comparable levodopa bioavailability and significantly reduced intra‐subject variability in levodopa concentrations relative to LC‐oral administration.
Reconsidering Union Activism and Its Meaning
Authors: Fiorito Jack , Padavic Irene , DeOrtentiis Philip S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMembership mobilization is widely regarded as critical for union revitalization. Estimates of the level of activism vary widely, and studies reveal puzzling inconsistencies between union members' beliefs and intentions. Drawing from Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour, we address both issues using a sample of faculty union members. Results show both consistency and discrepancy between summary self‐reports of activism and specific participation behaviours, helping account for the widely varying estimates of activism levels found in other studies. Results also indicate an important role for perceived control, a factor rarely examined in prior research on activism.
Leucocyte complement receptor 1 (CR1/CD35) transcript and its correlation with the clinical disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Anand D , Kumar U , Kanjilal M , Kaur S , Das N 
Published: January 2014

Summary
In view of the exaggerated complement activation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and significance of complement receptor 1 (CR1/CD35) as a complement regulatory protein (CRP), we aimed to determine the leucocyte-complement receptor 1 (L-CR1) transcript levels and the relationship of this protein with the clinical disease activity of RA patients. Sixty-six controls and 45 RA patients were enrolled. L-CR1 transcript levels were correlated with the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC), C3, C4 and C3d in controls and patients and with disease activity score 28 (DAS28) in patients only. CIC levels were determined by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, C3 and C4 levels by nephlometry and C3d levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Eleven patients were recruited for follow-up of L-CR1 and DAS28 levels at weeks 0, 12 and 24. Appropriate statistical methods were used for the data analysis. L-CR1 (P &lt; 0·01) transcript levels were decreased in patients compared to controls. L-CR1 levels correlated negatively with DAS28, CIC and C3d. DAS28 correlated positively with levels of CIC, C3 and C3d. Levels of CIC correlated positively with C3 and C3d. Levels of C3 correlated positively with C3d in patients and with C4 in both controls and patients. Levels of L-CR1 increased with decline in DAS28 scores in follow-up patients. Observations were statistically significant. Lower levels of L-CR1 transcript in patients compared to controls, their correlations with the levels of CIC, C3d and DAS28 at different time-points in RA patients suggest CR1 as a potential disease marker for RA.
Photons: Evolution of a Course in Data Structures
Authors: Duchowski A. T. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper presents the evolution of a data structures and algorithms course based on a specific computer graphics problem, namely, photon mapping, as the teaching medium. The paper reports development of the course through several iterations and evaluations, dating back 5 years. The course originated as a problem‐based graphics course requiring sophomore students to implement Hoppe et al.'s algorithm for surface reconstruction from unorganized points found in their SIGGRAPH '92 paper of the same title. Although the solution to this problem lends itself well to an exploration of data structures and code modularization, both of which are traditionally taught in early computer science courses, the algorithm's complexity was reflected in students' overwhelmingly negative evaluations. Subsequently, because implementation of the kd‐tree was seen as the linchpin data structure, it was again featured in the problem of ray tracing trees consisting of more than 250 000 000 triangles. Eventually, because the tree rendering was thought too specific a problem, the photon mapper was chosen as the semester‐long problem considered to be a suitable replacement. This paper details the resultant course description and outline, from its now three semesters of teaching.
Systematic review of the limited evidence base for treatments of Eustachian tube dysfunction: a health technology assessment
Authors: Norman G. , Llewellyn A. , Harden M. , Coatesworth A. , Kimberling D. , Schilder A. , McDaid C. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe Health Technology Assessment programme commissioned a wide‐ranging review of treatments for adult Eustachian tube dysfunction. Treatments range from advice and observation and pharmacological treatments to surgical options.Objective(i) To assess the evidence for interventions for adults with a clinical diagnosis of Eustachian tube dysfunction and (ii) to identify priorities for future research.Type of reviewSystematic review (PROSPERO registration CRD42012003035) adhering to PRISMA guidance.SearchAn extensive search of 15 databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL (up to October 2012).Evaluation methodControlled and uncontrolled studies of interventions for adult Eustachian tube dysfunction were included. Because of insufficient data, the protocol was amended to also include controlled studies with mixed adult/child populations. Risk of bias was assessed. Narrative synthesis was employed due to high clinical heterogeneity.ResultsInterventions assessed were pharmacological treatments [two randomised controlled trials (RCTs), one controlled non‐randomised trial (CCT), 159 patients]; mechanical pressure equalisation devices (one randomised controlled trial, one CCT, 48 patients); and surgery, including laser tuboplasty (seven case series, 192 patients), balloon dilatation (three case series, 103 patients), myringotomy without grommet insertion (two case series, 121 patients), transtubal steroids (one case series, 11 patients) and laser coagulation (one retrospective controlled study, 40 patients). All studies had high risk of bias except two pharmacological trials; one had low risk and one unclear risk. No evidence was found for many treatments. The single low risk of bias RCT (n = 91; 67% adults) showed no effect of nasal steroids and favoured placebo for improved middle ear function (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.91–1.58) and symptoms (P = 0.07). Other studies showed improvements in middle ear function for mechanical devices, antihistamine/ephedrine and nasal decongestant, but they had significant methodological weaknesses including insufficient length of follow‐up. None of the surgical studies were adequately controlled, and many reported high levels of co‐intervention. Therefore, observed benefits for tuboplasty and balloon dilatation in symptoms, middle ear function or hearing could not be reliably attributed to the interventions assessed. There was variability in definitions of the condition.ConclusionEustachian tube dysfunction is a poorly defined condition. Due to the limited and poor‐quality evidence, it is inappropriate to make conclusions on the effectiveness of any intervention; the evidence base is insufficient to guide recommendations for a trial of any particular intervention. Consensus on diagnostic criteria for Eustachian tube dysfunction is required to inform inclusion criteria of future trials.
Successful treatment for graft‐versus‐host disease after pancreas transplantation
Authors: Chang Jei wen , Sageshima Junichiro , Ciancio Gaetano , Mattiazzi Adela , Chen Linda , Tsai Hsin‐Lin , Ruiz Phillip , Burke George W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGraft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) after pancreas transplantation is a rare but serious complication: All previously reported cases were fatal. We herein report three cases of GVHD after pancreas transplantation with favorable outcomes. Patients with a history of kidney (and pancreas) transplantation subsequently received a pancreas (and kidney) transplantation (i.e., pancreas retransplantation or pancreas after kidney transplantation) and developed acute GVHD. All of them responded to increased immunosuppression (e.g., steroid bolus, antithymocyte globulin) and retained normal graft function. Because the clinical manifestations are non‐specific, vigilance is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis. We underscored the importance of a biopsy of involved organs and the clinicopathologic correlation in the early diagnosis of GVHD. Augmented immunosuppression to prevent progression from a self‐limited disease to life‐threatening pancytopenia or sepsis may be most critical to improve outcome.
Utility of an immune cell function assay to differentiate rejection from infectious enteritis in pediatric intestinal transplant recipients
Authors: Wozniak Laura J. , Venick Robert S. , Gordon Burroughs Sherilyn , Ngo Khiet D. , Duffy John P. , Farmer Douglas G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Cylex Immune Cell Function Assay measures cell‐mediated immunity based on ATP production by stimulated CD4 + cells. We hypothesized that this test would discriminate acute cellular rejection (ACR) from infectious enteritis (IE) in pediatric intestinal transplant (ITx) recipients with allograft dysfunction. We retrospectively analyzed 224 Cylex assays drawn in 47 children who received 53 ITx. Samples were classified as stable, ACR, or IE based on clinical status. ATP values were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and t‐tests. Overall, there was a statistically significant difference in ATP values based on clinical status (p = 0.03); however, overlap was observed between groups. The median ATP value during ACR was significantly greater than during stable periods (p = 0.02). No difference was seen in IE vs. stability (p = 0.8). The difference in median ATP value in ACR vs. IE approached significance (p = 0.1). Relative to previous levels, ACR episodes were associated with a median ATP increase of 101 ng/mL and IE episodes with a decrease of 3 ng/mL (p = 0.3). These data indicate that the Cylex assay has limited utility in differentiating ACR from IE, largely due to interpatient variability. Following longitudinal intrapatient trends may be an adjunctive tool in discriminating IE from ACR and guiding immunosuppression adjustments in select patients.