bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to publish a scientific manuscript in a high‐impact journal
Authors: El‐Omar Emad M. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryScientific publishing is an essential aspect of medical progress. New advances in human knowledge are communicated to the outside world through publications. It is essential that this knowledge is accurate, valid, reproducible, and clinically useful. Many aspiring clinicians and scientists dream of publishing their work in high‐impact journals. For these dreams to become reality, it is essential to follow the basic principles of scientific research and publishing. In this paper, I outline my own personal view on how to publish your paper in such high‐impact journals. I discuss the strategy for high‐impact research, the logistics of manuscript submission, the likely outcomes, and the reasons for failure or success. I provide an insider's view of what editors look for in a successful manuscript and I offer advice on how to achieve this success.
A hospital‐centered approach to improve emergency obstetric care in South Sudan
Authors: Groppi Lavinia , Somigliana Edgardo , Pisani Vincenzo , Ika Michelina , Mabor Joseph L. , Akec Henry N. , Nhial John A. , Mading Michel S. , Scanagatta Chiara , Manenti Fabio , Putoto Giovanni 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess provision of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) in Greater Yirol, South Sudan, after implementation of a hospital‐centered intervention with an ambulance referral system.MethodsIn a descriptive study, data were prospectively recorded for all women referred to Yirol County Hospital for delivery in 2012. An ambulance referral system had been implemented in October 2011. Access to the hospital and ambulance use were free of charge.ResultsThe number of deliveries at Yirol County Hospital increased in 2012 to 1089, corresponding to 13.3% of the 8213 deliveries expected to have occurred in the catchment area. Cesareans were performed for 53 (4.9%) deliveries, corresponding to 0.6% of the expected number of deliveries in the catchment area. Among 950 women who delivered a newborn weighing at least 2500 g at the hospital, 6 (0.6%) intrapartum or very early neonatal deaths occurred. Of 1232 women expected to have major obstetric complications in 2012 in the catchment area, 472 (38.3%) received EmOC at the hospital. Of 115 expected absolute obstetric indications, 114 (99.1%) were treated in the hospital.ConclusionA hospital‐centered approach with an ambulance referral system effectively improves the availability of EmOC in underprivileged remote settings.
A wonderful life: experiential consumption and the pursuit of happiness
Authors: Gilovich Thomas , Kumar Amit , Jampol Lily 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTo live in the developed world is to live in a consumerist society. Although the broader forces that created this society have led to unprecedented material abundance, scholars have maintained that these benefits have come at a significant psychological cost. An important question, then, is how these psychological costs can be minimized. With that in mind, we review research showing that people derive more satisfaction from experiential purchases than material purchases. We then summarize the findings of an extensive program of research on the psychological mechanisms that underlie this difference. This research indicates that experiential purchases provide greater satisfaction and happiness because: (1) Experiential purchases enhance social relations more readily and effectively than material goods; (2) Experiential purchases form a bigger part of a person's identity; and (3) Experiential purchases are evaluated more on their own terms and evoke fewer social comparisons than material purchases. We conclude by discussing how social policy might be altered to take advantage of the greater hedonic return offered by experiential investments, thus advancing societal well‐being.
Macular asymmetry analysis in sighting ocular dominance
Authors: Pekel Gökhan , Acer Semra , Özbakis Fatih , Yagci Ramazan , Sayin Nihat 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSighting ocular dominance is the preference of one eye over the other in terms of sighting. In this study, our aim was to examine differences in interocular and intraocular macular thickness, interocular fovea‐optic disc angle, and foveal blood vessel asymmetries associated with sighting ocular dominance. Ninety eyes of 45 healthy young adults were included in this prospective, cross‐sectional, and comparative study. Sighting ocular dominance was determined by a hole‐in‐the‐card test. Macular thickness measurements were taken and posterior pole asymmetry analysis conducted with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The optic disc–fovea angle and visible foveal blood vessel counts were calculated by using the posterior pole retinal images of optical coherence tomography. The mean age of the participants was 27.3 (standard deviation [SD] 6.6) years. There were 20 males and 25 females. The mean total macular area thickness, and mean macular thickness of the superior and inferior hemispheres of the dominant and nondominant eyes were similar (p > 0.05). Macular asymmetry analysis revealed no statistically significant interocular difference (p > 0.05). In the dominant eyes, the mean optic disc–fovea angle was 5.24° (SD 1.77), whereas it was 5.49° (SD 2.58) in the nondominant eyes (p = 0.51). The number of visible blood vessels passing through the fovea was similar in the dominant and nondominant eyes (p > 0.05). These results suggested that interocular and intraocular macular thickness differences, interocular fovea–optic disc angle differences, and number of visible foveal blood vessels are not associated with sighting ocular dominance.
Exonic mutations in SCN9A (NaV1.7) are found in a minority of patients with erythromelalgia
Authors: Zhang Zhiping , Schmelz Martin , Segerdahl Märta , Quiding Hans , Centerholt Carina , Juréus Anna , Carr Thomas Hedley , Whiteley Jessica , Salter Hugh , Kvernebo Mari Skylstad , Ørstavik Kristin , Helås Tormod , Kleggetveit Inge-Petter , Lunden Lars Kristian , Jørum Ellen 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background and aim
“Gain-of-function” mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 have been linked to erythromelalgia (EM), characterized by painful hot and red hands and feet. We investigated the proportion of patients with EM that carry a mutation in NaV1.7 or in other pain-related genes and studied possible clinical differences.

Methods
In this study, 48 patients with EM were screened for mutations in a total of 29 candidate genes, including all sodium channel subunits, transient receptor potential channels (TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPM8), neurotrophic factors (NGF, NGFR, BDNF, GDNF, NTRK1 and WNK1) and other known pain-related genes (CACNG2, KCNS1, COMT, P2RX3, TAC1, TACR1), using a combination of next generation sequencing and classical Sanger sequencing.

Results
In 7/48 patients protein-modifying mutations of NaV1.7 (P187L, I228M, I848T (n = 4) and N1245S) were identified. Patients with the I848T mutation could be identified clinically based on early onset and severity of the disease. In contrast, there were no clinical characteristics that differentiated the other patients with NaV1.7 mutation from those patients without. We also found more than twenty rare protein-modifying genetic variants in the genes coding for sodium channels (NaV1.8, NaV1.9, NaV1.6, NaV1.5, NaV2.1, SCN1B, SCN3B), transient receptor potential channel (TRPA1, TRPV1), and other pain-related targets (WNK1 and NGFR).

Conclusion
We conclude that functionally characterized mutations of NaV1.7 (I848T) are present only in a minority of patient with EM. Albeit the majority of patients (27/48) carried rare protein-modifying mutations the vast majority of those will most probably not be causally linked to their disease.

Implications
The key question remaining to be solved is the possible role of rare variants of NaV1.8, NaV1.9, or beta-subunits in provoking chronic pain conditions or even EM.
Interaction of two axisymmetric bodies falling in tandem at moderate Reynolds numbers
Authors: Brosse Nicolas , Ern Patricia 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study considers the interaction of two identical solid axisymmetric bodies (of diameter $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}d$ and thickness $h$) freely falling in a fluid at rest. We determine the domains of existence of the different interaction behaviour of the two bodies (i.e. attraction, repulsion and indifference) as a function of their initial relative position. We then investigate in detail the case of bodies falling in tandem, for both rectilinear and periodic paths, and the associated attraction behaviour. For all the Reynolds numbers and aspect ratios of the bodies ($\chi = d/h$) investigated, the trailing body catches up with the leading body. We provide a quantitative description of the kinematics leading to the regrouping of the bodies and analyse its relationship with the wake of the leading body. In the case of rectilinear paths, a dynamical model that takes into account the axial evolution of the wake of the leading body is proposed to reproduce the acceleration observed for the trailing body until a vertical separation distance between the bodies of 1.5 diameters. In parallel, direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the flow about two fixed bodies in tandem in an oncoming flow are carried out, providing a good estimation of the motion of the bodies for separation distances larger than 5 diameters. For periodic paths, the kinematics leading to the regrouping of the bodies is slower than for rectilinear paths. However, in this case, the interaction also leads to significant changes in the characteristics of the oscillatory motion and is strongly dependent on the aspect ratio of the bodies. To explain the observed differences, we consider the effect of the transverse inhomogeneity of the wake of the leading body on the oscillatory motion of the trailing disk.
The influence of fast waves and fluctuations on the evolution of the dynamics on the slow manifold
Authors: Whitehead Jared P. , Wingate Beth A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe effect of non-slow (typically fast) components of a rotating stratified Boussinesq flow on the dynamics of the slow manifold is quantified using a decomposition that isolates the part of the flow living on the slow manifold. In this system, there are three distinct asymptotic limits with corresponding reduced equations, each defining a slow manifold. All three of these distinct limits, namely rapid rotation, strong stratification, and simultaneous strong stratification and rapid rotation (quasi-geostrophy), are considered. Numerical simulations indicate that, for the geometry considered (triply periodic) and the type of forcing applied, the fluctuations act as a conduit, moving energy onto the slow manifold. This decomposition clarifies how the energy is exchanged when either the stratification or the rotation is weak. In the quasi-geostrophic limit, most of the energy transfer is between slow potential energy and slow kinetic energy, but the energetics due to the fluctuations are less clear. It is observed that the energy off the slow manifold in each case equilibrates to a quasi-steady value.
Non-Newtonian stress, collisional dissipation and heat flux in the shear flow of inelastic disks: a reduction via Grad’s moment method
Authors: Saha Saikat , Alam Meheboob 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe non-Newtonian stress tensor, collisional dissipation rate and heat flux in the plane shear flow of smooth inelastic disks are analysed from the Grad-level moment equations using the anisotropic Gaussian as a reference. For steady uniform shear flow, the balance equation for the second moment of velocity fluctuations is solved semi-analytically, yielding closed-form expressions for the shear viscosity $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\mu $, pressure $p$, first normal stress difference ${\mathcal{N}}_1$ and dissipation rate ${\mathcal{D}}$ as functions of (i) density or area fraction $\nu $, (ii) restitution coefficient $e$, (iii) dimensionless shear rate $R$, (iv) temperature anisotropy $\eta $ (the difference between the principal eigenvalues of the second-moment tensor) and (v) angle $\phi $ between the principal directions of the shear tensor and the second-moment tensor. The last two parameters are zero at the Navier–Stokes order, recovering the known exact transport coefficients from the present analysis in the limit $\eta ,\phi \to 0$, and are therefore measures of the non-Newtonian rheology of the medium. An exact analytical solution for leading-order moment equations is given, which helped to determine the scaling relations of $R$, $\eta $ and $\phi $ with inelasticity. We show that the terms at super-Burnett order must be retained for a quantitative prediction of transport coefficients, especially at moderate to large densities for small values of the restitution coefficient ($e \ll 1$). Particle simulation data for a sheared inelastic hard-disk system are compared with theoretical results, with good agreement for $p$, $\mu $ and ${\mathcal{N}}_1$ over a range of densities spanning from the dilute to close to the freezing point. In contrast, the predictions from a constitutive model at Navier–Stokes order are found to deviate significantly from both the simulation and the moment theory even at moderate values of the restitution coefficient ($e\sim 0.9$). Lastly, a generalized Fourier law for the granular heat flux, which vanishes identically in the uniform shear state, is derived for a dilute granular gas by analysing the non-uniform shear flow via an expansion around the anisotropic Gaussian state. We show that the gradient of the deviatoric part of the kinetic stress drives a heat current and the thermal conductivity is characterized by an anisotropic second-rank tensor, for which explicit analytical expressions are given.
Influence of Stokes number on the velocity and concentration distributions in particle-laden jets
Authors: Lau Timothy C. W. , Nathan Graham J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe first measurement of the influence of the Stokes number on the distributions of particle concentration and velocity at the exit of a long pipe are reported, together with the subsequent influence on the downstream evolution of these distributions through a particle-laden jet in co-flow. The data were obtained by simultaneous particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar nephelometry (PN), using four cameras to provide high resolution through the first 30 jet diameters and also correction for optical attenuation. These data provide much more detailed information than is available from previous measurements. From them, a new understanding is obtained of how the Stokes number influences the flow at the jet exit plane and how this influence propagates throughout the jet.
The effectiveness of leucine on muscle protein synthesis, lean body mass and leg lean mass accretion in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Zhe-rong , Tan Zhong-ju , Zhang Qin , Gui Qi-feng , Yang Yun-mei 
Published: September 2014

In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the ability of leucine supplementation to increase the muscle protein fraction synthetic rate and to augment lean body mass or leg lean mass in elderly patients. A literature search was conducted on Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases up to 31 December 2013 for clinical trials that investigated the administration of leucine as a nutrient that affects muscle protein metabolism and muscle mass in elderly subjects. The included studies were randomised controlled trials. The primary outcome for the meta-analysis was the protein fractional synthetic rate. Secondary outcomes included lean body mass and leg lean mass. A total of nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the muscle protein fractional synthetic rate after intervention significantly increased in the leucine group compared with the control group (pooled standardised difference in mean changes 1·08, 95 % CI 0·50, 1·67; P< 0·001). No difference was found between the groups in relation to lean body mass (pooled standardised difference in mean changes 0·18, 95 % CI − 0·18, 0·54; P= 0·318) or leg lean mass (pooled standardised difference in mean changes 0·006, 95 % CI − 0·32, 0·44; P= 0·756). These findings suggest that leucine supplementation is useful to address the age-related decline in muscle mass in elderly individuals, as it increases the muscle protein fractional synthetic rate.
Effects of vitamin E, vitamin C and polyphenols on the rate of blood pressure variation: results of two randomised controlled trials
Authors: Hodgson Jonathan M. , Croft Kevin D. , Woodman Richard J. , Puddey Ian B. , Bondonno Catherine P. , Wu Jason H. Y. , Beilin Lawrence J. , Lukoshkova Elena V. , Head Geoffrey A. , Ward Natalie C. 
Published: September 2014

High blood pressure (BP) variability, which may be an important determinant of hypertensive end-organ damage, is emerging as an important predictor of cardiovascular health. Dietary antioxidants can influence BP, but their effects on variability are yet to be investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of vitamin E, vitamin C and polyphenols on the rate of daytime and night-time ambulatory BP variation. To assess these effects, two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were performed. In the first trial (vitamin E), fifty-eight individuals with type 2 diabetes were given 500 mg/d of RRR-α-tocopherol, 500 mg/d of mixed tocopherols or placebo for 6 weeks. In the second trial (vitamin C–polyphenols), sixty-nine treated hypertensive individuals were given 500 mg/d of vitamin C, 1000 mg/d of grape-seed polyphenols, both vitamin C and polyphenols, or neither (placebo) for 6 weeks. At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention, 24 h ambulatory BP and rate of measurement-to-measurement BP variation were assessed. Compared with placebo, treatment with α-tocopherol, mixed tocopherols, vitamin C and polyphenols did not significantly alter the rate of daytime or night-time systolic BP, diastolic BP or pulse pressure variation (P>0·05). Treatment with the vitamin C and polyphenol combination resulted in higher BP variation: the rate of night-time systolic BP variation (P= 0·022) and pulse pressure variation (P= 0·0036) were higher and the rate of daytime systolic BP variation was higher (P= 0·056). Vitamin E, vitamin C or grape-seed polyphenols did not significantly alter the rate of BP variation. However, the increase in the rate of BP variation suggests that the combination of high doses of vitamin C and polyphenols could be detrimental to treated hypertensive individuals.
A modified Mediterranean diet score is associated with a lower risk of incident metabolic syndrome over 25 years among young adults: the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study
Authors: Steffen Lyn M. , Van Horn Linda , Daviglus Martha L. , Zhou Xia , Reis Jared P. , Loria Catherine M. , Jacobs David R. , Duffey Kiyah J. 
Published: September 2014

The Mediterranean diet has been reported to be inversely associated with incident metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) among older adults; however, this association has not been studied in young African American and white adults. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association of a modified Mediterranean diet (mMedDiet) score with the 25-year incidence of the MetSyn in 4713 African American and white adults enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. A diet history questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake at baseline, year 7 and year 20 and a mMedDiet score was created. Cardiovascular risk factors were measured at multiple examinations over 25 years. The MetSyn was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis was use to evaluate associations for incident MetSyn across the mMedDiet score categories adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and BMI. Higher mMedDiet scores represented adherence to a dietary pattern rich in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and fish, but poor in red and processed meat and snack foods. The incidence of MetSyn components (abdominal obesity, elevated TAG concentrations and low HDL-cholesterol concentrations) was lower in those with higher mMedDiet scores than in those with lower scores. Furthermore, the incidence of the MetSyn was lower across the five mMedDiet score categories; the hazard ratios and 95 % CI from category 1 to category 5 were 1·0; 0·94 (0·76, 1·15); 0·84 (0·68, 1·04); 0·73 (0·58, 0·92); and 0·72 (0·54, 0·96), respectively (Ptrend= 0·005). These findings suggest that the risk of developing the MetSyn is lower when consuming a diet rich in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and fish.
The earliest species ofBurlingiaWalcott, 1908 (Trilobita) from South China: biostratigraphical and palaeogeographical significance
Authors: YUAN JIN-LIANG , ESTEVE JORGE 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBurlingia balangensissp. nov. from the lower Cambrian of South China represents the earliest species of this genus, and suggests that the genus may have originated in South China. A revision of the genus shows thatB. primitivaandB. obscuracan be used in order to indentify the base of the Cambrian Stage 5 when other trilobites are absent because their last appearance datum (LAD) coincides with the first appearance datum (FAD) ofOryctocephalus indicus. Available palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic models suggest five major palaeocurrents during Cambrian times which could control the migration patterns of theBurlingiaclade from South China to Baltica.
Effects of the administration of epidermal growth factor receptor specific inhibitor cetuximab, alone and in combination with cisplatin, on proliferation and apoptosis of Hep-2 laryngeal cancer cells
Authors: Bussu F , Pozzoli G , Giglia V , Rizzo D , Limongelli A , De Corso E , Graziani C , Paludetti G , Navarra P , Almadori G 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground:Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression and prognostic value in head and neck squamous cell cancer is the basis for targeting by anti-EGFR antibodies, which increase the efficacy of radiotherapy. In order to evaluate the best therapeutic schedule, the effects of cetuximab (C225) on Hep-2 cell proliferation, alone and in combination with cisplatin, were studied.Methods:Hep-2 cells were treated with cetuximab alone or in combination with cisplatin. After determining cell viability with trypan blue, morphological features of apoptotic degeneration were analysed by fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33258 stain.Results:Cetuximab alone mildly inhibited Hep-2 proliferation and showed no pro-apoptotic effects. When administered concomitantly with cisplatin, cetuximab synergistically increased inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis.Conclusion:The antiproliferative activity of cetuximab is consistent with its hypothesised role in inhibiting repopulation. However, the increase in the effects of pro-apoptotic agents induced by cetuximab may be even more relevant to its clinical effectiveness than the inhibition of repopulation.