bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Lubrication System for the T800-LHT-800 Turboshaft Engine
Authors: Douglas Laura M. 
Published: March 2015

The T800-LHT-800 is a modern technology 1300 shp (975 kW) class turboshaft engine developed for the U.S. Army’s LH helicopter which has great potential for application in various civil air vehicles. As one of its significant features, the engine has a self-contained dry sump, pressure and temperature regulated, recirculating lubrication system. Contractually specified operational attitude and loss of oil requirements impose considerable complications on the design/development of the T800’s lubrication system.
Characteristically, lubrication systems provide cooling and lubrication to all bearings, gears, seal rotors, and working splines at all engine operating conditions. The T800-LHT-800 lubrication system must provide continuous lubrication for an engine operational attitude envelope range of 120 deg noseup, 90 deg nosedown, and 48 deg rolls in either direction. Development of the lubrication system attitude capabilities has been accomplished via testing on a lubrication simulator rig and a series of both development and qualification engine attitude tests. A formal engine attitude qualification test, which will demonstrate both military qualification test (QT) and civil (FAA) certification requirements, will be conducted in 1991.
Contractually required engine protection against loss of oil conditions lasting up to six min provided a significant design challenge for the T800 lubrication system and an emergency oil system was designed to meet this requirement. This emergency oil system was developed via multiple design iterations, bench testing on a lubrication simulator rig, and loss of oil development engine testing. As part of the qualification process, a formal qualification loss of oil engine test will be conducted in mid-1991 to verify this design capability.
This paper describes the basic T800 engine and discusses the lubrication system requirements. It emphasizes the design evolution of the main oil tank attitude capabilities, the emergency oil system, and the planned qualification/certification testing.
New Iron-Based ODS-Superalloys for High Demanding Applications
Authors: Korb G. , Rühle M. , Martinz H.-P. 
Published: March 2015

Some shortcomings of the commercial alloy MA 956 like insufficient hot gas corrosion resistance at extremely high temperatures or porous welding seams as a result of residual inert gas content, have been overcome by slightly changing the chemical composition, and a generally improved process technology. The mainly developed “work horse”-alloy PM 2000 - exhibits additionally significantly better stress-rupture properties at high temperatures. Workability even down to small dimensions is good, when an especially adapted processing route is applied.
In this paper data of tensile strength and stress rupture properties are given for elevated temperatures. Hot gas corrosion behaviour is demonstrated for isothermally and cyclicly treated materials, including thermal shock tests. Some results of a burner rig test are presented additionally. Resistance against different molten slags, salts and glasses has been investigated and is discussed.
The Influence of Physical Fitness and Playing Standard on Pacing Strategies During a Team-Sport Tournament
Authors: Johnston Rich D. , Gabbett Tim J. , Jenkins David G. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose:To assess the influence of playing standard and physical fitness on pacing strategies during a junior team-sport tournament.Methods:A between-groups, repeated-measures design was used. Twenty-eight junior team-sport players (age 16.6 ± 0.5 y, body mass 79.9 ± 12.0 kg) from a high-standard and low-standard team participated in a junior rugby league tournament, competing in 5 games over 4 d (4 × 40-min and 1 × 50-min game). Players wore global positioning system (GPS) microtechnology during each game to provide information on match activity profiles. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (level 1) was used to assess physical fitness before the competition.Results:High-standard players had an initially higher pacing strategy than the low-standard players, covering greater distances at high (ES = 1.32) and moderate speed (ES = 1.41) in game 1 and moderate speed (ES = 1.55) in game 2. However, low-standard players increased their playing intensity across the competition (ES = 0.57–2.04). High-standard/high-fitness players maintained a similar playing intensity, whereas high-standard/low-fitness players reduced their playing intensities across the competition.Conclusions:Well-developed physical fitness allows for a higher-intensity pacing strategy that can be maintained throughout a tournament. High-standard/low-fitness players reduce playing intensity, most likely due to increased levels of fatigue as the competition progresses. Low-standard players adopt a pacing strategy that allows them to conserve energy to produce an “end spurt” in the latter games. Maximizing endurance fitness across an entire playing group will maximize playing intensity and minimize performance reductions during the latter stages of a tournament.
In Vitro
Activities of Hexaazatrinaphthylenes against Leishmania spp
Authors: López-Arencibia Atteneri , García-Velázquez Daniel , Martín-Navarro Carmen M. , Sifaoui Ines , Reyes-Batlle María , Lorenzo-Morales Jacob , Gutiérrez-Ravelo Ángel , Piñero José E. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

The
in vitro
activity of a novel group of compounds, hexaazatrinaphthylene derivatives, against two species of
Leishmania
is described in this study. These compounds showed a significant dose-dependent inhibition effect on the proliferation of the parasites, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC
50
s) ranging from 1.23 to 25.05 μM against the promastigote stage and 0.5 to 0.7 μM against intracellular amastigotes. Also, a cytotoxicity assay was carried out to in order to evaluate the possible toxic effects of these compounds. Moreover, different assays were performed to determine the type of cell death induced after incubation with these compounds. The obtained results highlight the potential use of hexaazatrinaphthylene derivatives against
Leishmania
species, and further studies should be undertaken to establish them as novel leishmanicidal therapeutic agents.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Clofazimine in a Mouse Model of Tuberculosis
Authors: Swanson Rosemary V. , Adamson John , Moodley Chivonne , Ngcobo Bongani , Ammerman Nicole C. , Dorasamy Afton , Moodley Sashen , Mgaga Zinhle , Tapley Asa , Bester Linda A. , Singh Sanil , Grosset Jacques H. , Almeida Deepak V. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

The antileprosy drug clofazimine has shown potential for shortening tuberculosis treatment; however, the current dosing of the drug is not evidence based, and the optimal dosing is unknown. Our objective was to conduct a preclinical evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clofazimine in the mouse model of tuberculosis, with the goal of providing useful information on dosing for future studies. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated in infected and uninfected BALB/c mice. Pharmacodynamic parameters were evaluated in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-infected mice that were treated for 12 weeks with one of six different clofazimine dosing regimens, i.e., doses of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg of body weight/day and 3 regimens with loading doses. Clofazimine progressively accumulated in the lungs, livers, and spleens of the mice, reaching levels of greater than 50 μg/g in all tissues by 4 weeks of administration, while serum drug levels remained low at 1 to 2 μg/ml. Elimination of clofazimine was extremely slow, and the half-life was dependent on the duration of drug administration. Clofazimine exhibited dose-dependent tissue and serum concentrations. At any dose, clofazimine did not have bactericidal activity during the first 2 weeks of administration but subsequently demonstrated potent, dose-independent bactericidal activity. The antituberculosis activity of clofazimine was dependent on neither the dose administered nor the drug concentrations in the tissues, suggesting that much lower doses could be effectively used for tuberculosis treatment.
Risk Factors for Recurrence after Successful Treatment of Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease
Authors: Lee Bo Young , Kim Sunyoung , Hong YoonKi , Lee Sang-Do , Kim Woo Sung , Kim Dong Soon , Shim Tae Sun , Jo Kyung-Wook 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

This study analyzed the recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrence of
Mycobacterium avium
complex (MAC) lung disease in patients successfully treated for this disease. The medical records of 158 patients successfully treated for MAC lung disease at a tertiary referral center in South Korea between March 2000 and December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Recurrence was recorded, and factors associated with recurrence were analyzed. The mean age of the 158 patients was 60.7 ± 11.1 years. The etiologic agent was
Mycobacterium avium
in 77 patients (48.7%) and
Mycobacterium intracellulare
in 81 patients (51.3%). Radiographic features included nodular bronchiectatic disease in 95 (60.1%), fibrocavitary disease in 49 (31.0%), and an unclassifiable form in 14 (8.9%) patients. Almost all (98.7%, 156/158) patients had been previously treated with a macrolide-containing regimen, and 68 (43.0%) patients had received treatment with an aminoglycoside. During a median follow-up of 43.8 months after completion of therapy, 50 patients (31.6%) experienced recurrence, at a median of 11.9 months after treatment completion. Multivariate analysis showed that only the nodular bronchiectatic form of the disease (hazard ratio, 2.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 4.81) was independently associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Recurrence after successful treatment is frequent in patients with MAC lung disease. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with the nodular bronchiectatic form than in those with the fibrocavitary form or an unclassifiable form of the disease.
Pharmacodynamics of Isavuconazole in an Aspergillus fumigatus Mouse Infection Model
Authors: Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba , Brüggemann Roger J. M. , Meis Jacques F. , Melchers Willem J. G. , Verweij Paul E. , Mouton Johan W. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Azole resistance is an emerging problem in
Aspergillus fumigatus
which translates into treatment failure. Alternative treatments with new azoles may improve therapeutic outcome in invasive aspergillosis (IA) even for strains with decreased susceptibility to current azoles. The
in vivo
efficacy of 0.25, 1, 4, 16, 64, 128, 256, and 512 mg/kg of body weight/day prodrug isavuconazonium sulfate (BAL8557) (isavuconazole [ISA]-equivalent doses of 0.12, 0.48, 1.92, 7.68, 30.7, 61.4, 122.9, and 245.8 mg/kg/day, respectively) administered by oral gavage was assessed in an immunocompetent murine model of IA against four clinical
A. fumigatus
isolates: a wild-type isolate (ISA MIC
EUCAST
, 0.5 mg/liter) and three azole-resistant isolates harboring substitutions in the
cyp51A
gene: G54W (ISA MIC
EUCAST
, 0.5 mg/liter), M220I (ISA MIC
EUCAST
, 4 mg/liter), and TR
34
/L98H (ISA MIC
EUCAST
, 8 mg/liter). The maximum effect (100% survival) was reached at a prodrug isavuconazonium sulfate dose of 64 mg/kg for the wild-type isolate, 128 mg/kg for the G54W mutant, and 256 mg/kg two times per day (q12) for the M220I mutant. A maximum response was not achieved with the TR
34
/L98H isolates with the highest dose of prodrug isavuconazonium sulfate (256 mg/kg q12). For a survival rate of 50%, the effective AUC
0–24
/MIC
EUCAST
ratio for ISA total drug was 24.73 (95% confidence interval, 22.50 to 27.18). The efficacy of isavuconazole depended on both the drug exposure and the isavuconazole MIC of the isolates. The quantitative relationship between exposure and effect (AUC
0–24
/MIC) can be used to optimize the treatment of human infections by
A. fumigatus
, including strains with decreased susceptibility.
The Phosphorylation Flow of the Vibrio harveyi Quorum-Sensing Cascade Determines Levels of Phenotypic Heterogeneity in the Population
Authors: Plener Laure , Lorenz Nicola , Reiger Matthias , Ramalho Tiago , Gerland Ulrich , Jung Kirsten 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication process that enables a bacterial population to coordinate and synchronize specific behaviors. The bioluminescent marine bacterium
Vibrio harveyi
integrates three autoinducer (AI) signals into one quorum-sensing cascade comprising a phosphorelay involving three hybrid sensor kinases: LuxU; LuxO, an Hfq/small RNA (sRNA) switch; and the transcriptional regulator LuxR. Using a new set of
V. harveyi
mutants lacking genes for the AI synthases and/or sensors, we assayed the activity of the quorum-sensing cascade at the population and single-cell levels, with a specific focus on signal integration and noise levels. We found that the ratios of kinase activities to phosphatase activities of the three sensors and, hence, the extent of phosphorylation of LuxU/LuxO are important not only for the signaling output but also for the degree of noise in the system. The pools of phosphorylated LuxU/LuxO per cell directly determine the amounts of sRNAs produced and, consequently, the copy number of LuxR, generating heterogeneous quorum-sensing activation at the single-cell level. We conclude that the ability to drive the heterogeneous expression of QS-regulated genes in
V. harveyi
is an inherent feature of the architecture of the QS cascade.

IMPORTANCE
V. harveyi
possesses one of the most complex quorum-sensing (QS) cascades known, using three different autoinducers (AIs) to control the induction of, e.g., bioluminescence, virulence factors, and biofilm and exoprotease production. We constructed various
V. harveyi
mutants to study the impact of each component and subsystem of the QS signaling cascade on QS activation at the population and single-cell levels. We found that the output was homogeneous only in the presence of all AIs. In the absence of any one AI, QS activation varied from cell to cell, resulting in phenotypic heterogeneity. This study elucidates a molecular design principle which enables a tightly integrated signaling cascade to control the expression of diverse phenotypes within a genetically homogeneous population.
Epidemiological and clinical outcome comparison of indirect (‘strain’) versus direct (‘contusion’) anterior and posterior thigh muscle injuries in male elite football players: UEFA Elite League study of 2287 thigh injuries (2001–2013)
Authors: Ueblacker Peter , Müller-Wohlfahrt Hans-Wilhelm , Ekstrand Jan 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundData regarding direct athletic muscle injuries (caused by a direct blunt or sharp external force) compared to indirect ones (without the influence of a direct external trauma) are missing in the current literature—this distinction has clinical implications.AimTo compare incidence, duration of absence and characteristics of indirect and direct anterior (quadriceps) and posterior thigh (hamstring) muscle injuries.Methods30 football teams and 1981 players were followed prospectively from 2001 until 2013. The team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries. Muscle injuries were defined as indirect or direct according to their injury mechanism.ResultsIn total, 2287 thigh muscle injuries were found, representing 25% of all injuries. Two thousand and three were valid for further analysis, of which 88% were indirect and 12% direct. The incidence was eight times higher for indirect injuries (1.48/1000 h) compared to direct muscle injuries (0.19/1000 h) (p<0.01). Indirect muscle injuries caused 19% of total absence, and direct injuries 1%. The mean lay-off time for indirect injuries amounted to 18.5 days and differed significantly from direct injuries which accounted for 7 days (p<0.001). 60% of indirect injuries and 76% of direct injuries occurred in match situations. Foul play was involved in 7% of all thigh muscle injuries, as well as in 2% of indirect injuries and 42% of direct injuries.SummaryMuscle anterior and posterior thigh injuries in elite football are more frequent than have been previously described. Direct injuries causing time loss are less frequent than indirect ones, and players can usually return to full activity in under half the average time for an indirect injury. Foul play is involved in 7.5% of all thigh muscle injuries.
Cosmological Evolution of Pilgrim Dark Energy inf(G)Gravity
Authors: Jawad Abdul , Rani Shamaila 
Published: March 2015

We analyze the behavior of pilgrim dark energy with Hubble horizon inf(G)gravity. We reconstruct thef(G)models through correspondence phenomenon by assuming two values of pilgrim dark energy parameter(u=2, -2). We evaluate the equation of state parameter which shows evolution of the universe in the quintessence, vacuum, and phantom phase for both cases ofuand give favor the pilgrim dark energy phenomenon. Also, squared speed of sound exhibits the stability off(G)model for both cases ofu. ThewPDE-wPDE′also provides freezing and thawing regions in this scenario. In this framework, ther-splane also corresponds to different dark energy scenarios.
ERG/AKR1C3/AR Constitutes a Feed-Forward Loop for AR Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Powell Katelyn , Semaan Louie , Conley-LaComb M. Katie , Asangani Irfan , Wu Yi-Mi , Ginsburg Kevin B. , Williams Julia , Squire Jeremy A. , Maddipati Krishna R. , Cher Michael L. , Chinni Sreenivasa R. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Intratumoral androgen synthesis in prostate cancer contributes to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Several enzymes responsible for androgen biosynthesis have been shown to be overexpressed in CRPC, thus contributing to CRPC in a castrated environment. The TMPRSS2–ERG transcription factor has been shown to be present in primary prostate cancer tumors as well as CRPC tumors. We hypothesize that TMPRSS2–ERG fusions regulate androgen biosynthetic enzyme (ABE) gene expression and the production of androgens, which contributes to the development of CRPC.
Experimental design: We used a panel of assays, including lentivirus transduction, gene expression, chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric quantitation, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and bioinformatics analysis of gene microarray databases, to determine ERG regulation of androgen synthesis.
Results: We found that ERG regulated the expression of the ABE AKR1C3 in prostate cancer cells via direct binding to the AKR1C3 gene. Knockdown of ERG resulted in reduced AKR1C3 expression, which caused a reduction in both DHT synthesis and PSA expression in VCaP prostate cancer cells treated with 5α-androstanedione (5α-Adione), a DHT precursor metabolite. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that ERG was coexpressed with AKR1C3 in prostate cancer tissue samples.
Conclusions: These data suggest that AKR1C3 catalyzes the biochemical reduction of 5α-Adione to DHT in prostate cancer cells, and that ERG regulates this step through upregulation of AKR1C3 expression. Elucidation of ERG regulation of ABEs in CRPC may help to stratify TMPRSS2–ERG fusion-positive prostate cancer patients in the clinic for anti–androgen receptor–driven therapies; and AKR1C3 may serve as a valuable therapeutic target in the treatment of CRPC. Clin Cancer Res; 21(11); 2569–79. ©2015 AACR.
Infective Endocarditis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Amat-Santos Ignacio J. , Messika-Zeitoun David , Eltchaninoff Helene , Kapadia Samir , Lerakis Stamatios , Cheema Asim N. , Gutiérrez-Ibanes Enrique , Munoz-Garcia Antonio J. , Pan Manuel , Webb John G. , Herrmann Howard C. , Kodali Susheel , Nombela-Franco Luis , Tamburino Corrado , Jilaihawi Hasan , Masson Jean-Bernard , de Brito Fabio Sandoli , Ferreira Maria Cristina , Lima Valter Correa , Mangione José Armando , Iung Bernard , Vahanian Alec , Durand Eric , Tuzcu E. Murat , Hayek Salim S. , Angulo-Llanos Rocio , Gómez-Doblas Juan J. , Castillo Juan Carlos , Dvir Danny , Leon Martin B. , Garcia Eulogio , Cobiella Javier , Vilacosta Isidre , Barbanti Marco , R. Makkar Raj , Ribeiro Henrique Barbosa , Urena Marina , Dumont Eric , Pibarot Philippe , Lopez Javier , Roman Alberto San , Rodés-Cabau Josep 
Published: March 2015

Background—
We aimed to determine the incidence, predictors, clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of infective endocarditis (IE) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods and Results—

This multicenter registry included 53 patients (mean age, 79±8 years; men, 57%) who suffered IE after TAVI of 7944 patients after a mean follow-up of 1.1±1.2 years (incidence, 0.67%, 0.50% within the first year after TAVI). Mean time from TAVI was 6 months (interquartile range, 1–14 months). Orotracheal intubation (hazard ratio, 3.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.55–9.64;
P
=0.004) and the self-expandable CoreValve system (hazard ratio, 3.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–7.14;
P
=0.007) were associated with IE (multivariate analysis including 3067 patients with individual data). The most frequent causal microorganisms were
coagulase-negative staphylococci
(24%), followed by
Staphylococcus aureus
(21%) and
enterococci
(21%). Vegetations were present in 77% of patients (transcatheter valve leaflets, 39%; stent frame, 17%; mitral valve, 21%). At least 1 complication of IE occurred in 87% of patients (heart failure in 68%). However, only 11% of patients underwent valve intervention (valve explantation and valve-in-valve procedure in 4 and 2 patients, respectively). The mortality rate in hospital was 47.2% and increased to 66% at the 1-year follow-up. IE complications such as heart failure (
P
=0.037) and septic shock (
P
=0.002) were associated with increased in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions—

The incidence of IE at 1 year after TAVI was 0.50%, and the risk increased with the use of orotracheal intubation and a self-expandable valve system.
Staphylococci
and
enterococci
were the most common agents. Although most patients presented at least 1 complication of IE, valve intervention was performed in a minority of patients, and nearly half of the patients died during the hospitalization period.