bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coregistered whole body magnetic resonance imaging‐positron emission tomography (MRI‐PET) versus PET‐computed tomography plus brain MRI in staging resectable lung cancer
Authors: Yi Chin A , Lee Kyung Soo , Lee Ho Yun , Kim Seonwoo , Kwon O Jung , Kim Hojoong , Choi Joon Young , Kim Byung‐Tae , Hwang Hye Sun , Shim Young Mog 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to assess whether coregistered whole brain (WB) magnetic resonance imaging‐positron emission tomography (MRI‐PET) would increase the number of correctly upstaged patients compared with WB PET‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) plus dedicated brain MRI in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS:From January 2010 through November 2011, patients with NSCLC who had resectable disease based on conventional staging were assigned randomly either to coregistered MRI‐PET or WB PET‐CT plus brain MRI (ClinicalTrials.gov trial NCT01065415). The primary endpoint was correct upstaging (the identification of lesions with higher tumor, lymph node, or metastasis classification, verified with biopsy or other diagnostic test) to have the advantage of avoiding unnecessary thoracotomy, to determine appropriate treatment, and to accurately predict patient prognosis. The secondary endpoints were over staging and under staging compared with pathologic staging.RESULTS:Lung cancer was correctly upstaged in 37 of 143 patients (25.9%) in the MRI‐PET group and in 26 of 120 patients (21.7%) in the PET‐CT plus brain MRI group (4.2% difference; 95% confidence interval, −6.1% to 14.5%; P = .426). Lung cancer was over staged in 26 of 143 patients (18.2%) in the MRI‐PET group and in 7 of 120 patients (5.8%) in the PET‐CT plus brain MRI group (12.4% difference; 95% confidence interval, 4.8%‐20%; P = .003), whereas lung cancer was under staged in 18 of 143 patients (12.6%) and in 28 of 120 patients (23.3%), respectively (−10.7% difference; 95% confidence interval, −20.1% to −1.4%; P = .022).CONCLUSIONS:Although both staging tools allowed greater than 20% correct upstaging compared with conventional staging methods, coregistered MRI‐PET did not appear to help identify significantly more correctly upstaged patients than PET‐CT plus brain MRI in patients with NSCLC. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Mining batch processing workflow models from event logs
Authors: Wen Yiping , Chen Zhigang , Liu Jianxun , Chen Jinjun 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYThe employment of batch processing in workflow is to model and schedule activity instances in multiple workflow cases of the same workflow type to optimize business processes execution dynamically. Although our previous works have preliminarily investigated its model and implementation, it is still necessary to deal with its model design problem. Process mining techniques allow for the automated discovery of process models from event logs and have received notable attentions in researches recently. Following these researches, this paper proposes an approach to mine batch processing workflow models from event logs by considering the batch processing relations among activity instances in multiple workflow cases. The notion of batch processing feature and its corresponding mining algorithm are also presented for discovering the batch processing area in the model by using the input and output data information of activity instances in events. The algorithms presented in this paper can help to enhance the applicability of existing process mining approaches and broaden the process mining spectrum. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical Modification of Gold Electrodes with Azobenzene Derivatives by Diazonium Reduction
Authors: Kibena Elo , Marandi Margus , Mäeorg Uno , Venarusso Luna B. , Maia Gilberto , Matisen Leonard , Kasikov Aarne , Sammelselg Väino , Tammeveski Kaido 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn electrochemical study of Au electrodes electrografted with azobenzene (AB), Fast Garnet GBC (GBC) and Fast Black K (FBK) diazonium compounds is presented. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy investigations reveal the formation of multilayer films. The elemental composition of the aryl layers is examined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical measurements reveal a quasi‐reversible voltammogram of the Fe(CN)63−/4− redox couple on bare Au and a sigmoidal shape for the GBC‐ and FBK‐modified Au electrodes, thus demonstrating that electron transfer is blocked due to the surface modification. The electrografted AB layer results in strongest inhibition of the Fe(CN)63−/4− response compared with other aryl layers. The same tendencies are observed for oxygen reduction; however, the blocking effect is not as strong as in the Fe(CN)63−/4− redox system. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements allowed the calculation of low charge‐transfer rates to the Fe(CN)63− probe for the GBC‐ and FBK‐modified Au electrodes in relation to bare Au. From these measurements it can be concluded that the FBK film is less compact or presents more pinholes than the electrografted GBC layer.
Nitrate‐Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides – Structure Model, Order, and Disorder
Authors: Marappa Shivanna , Radha S. , Kamath P. Vishnu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLayered double hydroxides with a high layer charge (+0.33 per empirical formula unit) intercalate nitrate ions with the molecular plane of the NO3– ion inclined at ca. 70° to the metal hydroxide layer, which results in a basal spacing of 8.8 Å. Three different N–O bond lengths are observed and yield Cs coordination symmetry. At lower charge (0.165 ≤ x ≤ 0.2), a basal spacing of 8.0 Å is observed, which indicates that the nitrate ion is intercalated with its molecular plane parallel to the metal hydroxide layer (coordination symmetry D3h) in a manner isostructural with carbonate‐intercalated layered double hydroxides. Consequently, crystal chemical considerations predict the layer charge corresponding to the idealized composition of the nitrate‐intercalated phase to be +0.165 per empirical formula unit. The [Mg–Al–NO3]0.165 phase is highly ordered with robust crystal growth along [001] and is stable to hydrothermal treatment, in contrast to the carbonate analogue of the same layer charge. Phases obtained with intermediate layer charge (+0.20 to 0.25 per empirical formula unit) exhibit structural disorder arising out of (i) planar faults and (ii) random interstratification of layers comprising nitrate ions in different orientations.
Evolution of the sewage treatment plant model SimpleTreat: Use of realistic biodegradability tests in probabilistic model simulations
Authors: Franco Antonio , Struijs Jaap , Gouin Todd , Price Oliver R 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Given the large number of chemicals under regulatory scrutiny, models play a crucial role in the screening phase of the environmental risk assessment. The sewage treatment plant (STP) model SimpleTreat 3.1 is routinely applied as part of the European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances to estimate the fate and elimination of organic chemicals discharged via sewage. SimpleTreat estimates tend to be conservative and therefore only useful for lower-tier assessments. A probabilistic version of SimpleTreat was built on the updated version of the model (SimpleTreat 3.2, presented in a parallel article in this issue), embracing likeliest as well as worst-case conditions in a statistically robust way. Probabilistic parameters representing the variability of sewage characteristics, STP design, and operational parameters were based on actual STP conditions for activated sludge plants in Europe. An evaluation study was carried out for 4 chemicals with distinct sorption and biodegradability profiles: tonalide, triclosan, trimethoprim, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. Simulations incorporated information on biodegradability simulation studies with activated sludge (OECD 314B and OECD 303A tests). Good agreement for both median values and variability ranges was observed between model estimates and monitoring data. The uncertainty analysis highlighted the importance of refined data on partitioning and biodegradability in activated sludge to achieve realistic estimates. The study indicates that the best strategy to refine the exposure assessment of down-the-drain chemicals is by integrating higher-tier laboratory data with probabilistic STP simulations and, if possible, by comparing them with monitoring data for validation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:569–579. © 2013 SETAC
Self‐Healing Dynamic Polymeric Systems
Authors: Tyagi Prashant , Deratani André , Quemener Damien 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe concept of self‐healing has created a paradigm shift in the development of a new kind of responsive polymeric materials, which have traditionally been used in a passive role. Inspired by nature, the advancements made in this nascent field of research have given materials the ability of not only sensing damage but also responding and mending themselves in an appropriate manner. Self‐healing in polymers can be autonomous, without the need for human intervention, or nonautonomous, requiring some form of external stimulus. The latter type involves the incorporation of dynamic bonds within the polymeric system, giving the ability to heal multiple times. This minireview discusses some of the prominent self‐healing polymeric systems that harness different dynamic bond chemistries, with the aim of highlighting the potential of dynamic bonds to prepare such advanced materials.
DNA as a Platform to Program Assemblies with Emerging Functions in Chemical Biology
Authors: Sadhu Kalyan K. , Röthlingshöfer Manuel , Winssinger Nicolas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe programmability of oligonucleotide recognition offers an attractive platform for directing the assembly of ligands that can interact cooperatively with a target or the assembly of reactive partner that can engage in chemical reactions. In both cases, an oligonucleotide directs the assembly, which yields a functional output. In terms of the controlled display of ligands, several examples have shown a significant increase in binding upon ligand assembly using small molecule fragments, peptides, glycans, and protein fragments. Combinatorial approaches to identifying the optimal pairing have also been reported. In terms of nucleic acidtriggered reactions, several robust chemistries have been reported, leading to the unmasking of different fluorophores or bioactive molecules as well as the synthesis of a bioactive compound in response to DNA or even cellular RNA. Herein we present the historical context of this work and summarize recent developments in this area.
Drought disturbances increase temporal variability of zooplankton community structure in floodplains
Authors: Simões Nadson R. , Lansac‐Tôha Fábio A. , Bonecker Claudia C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe present study verified how hydrological regime affects the temporal variability of zooplankton communities in floodplains. Multidimensional methods were employed to characterise community variability, and the temporal trend of the community was also evaluated using a matrices comparison procedure. In connected ponds from the main river, the absence of floods (drought) modified the variability of the zooplankton community by increasing temporal dissimilarity of community. In these environments, the periodic input of water due to floods maintained a lower variability of environmental characteristics, sustaining a lower temporal variability of the community. This observation suggests that, in floodplains, flooding is a component of the system that assists with both the maintenance of ecological processes (temporal variability of the community) and the high biodiversity of these environments. This study therefore suggests that the temporal variability of communities in floodplains is increased by extended droughts, and emphasises the importance of flood dynamics to maintain temporal stability of zooplankton communities in river floodplain systems.
Enhancement of oxygen mass transfer coefficients in a hybrid membrane bioreactor
Authors: Zerari Kamel , Seyssieq Isabelle , Akretche Djamal‐Eddine , Roche Nicolas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundOxygen mass transfer is a key parameter for processing aerobic bioreactors in terms of operational costs and efficiency. In membrane bioreactors, a reduction of the aeration capacity is often observed at high solid ratios, caused by the presence of solids and the non‐Newtonian properties of activated sludge.ResultsThe aim of this work is to study how oxygen transfer is impacted when a high porosity packing material is added (free bacteria plus fixed bio‐films). Measurements are performed on a pilot scale ‘hybrid membrane bioReactor’ (HMBR), using clear water, a Newtonian solid suspension and a non‐Newtonian solution. The influence on the oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) of non‐Newtonian properties, the presence of solids, the presence of a packing material and of the air flowrate, are presented. It is observed that the type of fluid used and the presence of a packing material both have a strong influence.ConclusionAn important drop in kLa (respectively 53% and 31%) is obtained with the non‐Newtonian solution and the physico‐chemical suspension, compared with water. On the contrary, an enhancement in kLa, up to 46% is observed in the presence of a packing material. The air flow rate has little influence in the range of parameters investigated here. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Stereotypic Laryngeal and Respiratory Motor Patterns Generate Different Call Types in Rat Ultrasound Vocalization
Authors: RIEDE TOBIAS 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRodents produce highly variable ultrasound whistles as communication signals unlike many other mammals, who employ flow‐induced vocal fold oscillations to produce sound. The role of larynx muscles in controlling sound features across different call types in ultrasound vocalization (USV) was investigated using laryngeal muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity, subglottal pressure measurements and vocal sound output in awake and spontaneously behaving Sprague–Dawley rats. Results support the hypothesis that glottal shape determines fundamental frequency. EMG activities of thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid muscles were aligned with call duration. EMG intensity increased with fundamental frequency. Phasic activities of both muscles were aligned with fast changing fundamental frequency contours, for example in trills. Activities of the sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles, two muscles involved in vocal production in other mammals, are not critical for the production of rat USV. To test how stereotypic laryngeal and respiratory activity are across call types and individuals, sets of ten EMG and subglottal pressure parameters were measured in six different call types from six rats. Using discriminant function analysis, on average 80% of parameter sets were correctly assigned to their respective call type. This was significantly higher than the chance level. Since fundamental frequency features of USV are tightly associated with stereotypic activity of intrinsic laryngeal muscles and muscles contributing to build‐up of subglottal pressure, USV provide insight into the neurophysiological control of peripheral vocal motor patterns. J. Exp. Zool. 319A:213–224, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cultural Difference in Stereotype Perceptions and Performances in Nonverbal Deductive Reasoning and Creativity
Authors: Wong Regine , Niu Weihua 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA total of 182 undergraduate students from China and the United States participated in a study examining the presence of stereotypical perceptions regarding creativity and deductive reasoning abilities, as well as the influence of stereotype on participants' performance on deductive reasoning and creativity in nonverbal form. The results showed that participants from both China and the United States believed that Americans have better creativity abilities than Chinese and that Chinese have better deductive reasoning skills than Americans. Significant cultural difference in the performances on the measures of creativity was found. The cultural difference in deductive reasoning was found between Chinese participants in China and the Caucasian (not the Asian) participants in the United States, which were somewhat congruent to the stereotypical perceptions. However, the study did not find that stereotypic perceptions directly influenced participants' performance on deductive reasoning and creativity.
Boron behavior in apple plants in acidic and limed soil
Authors: Antoniadis Vasileios , Chatzissavvidis Christos , Paparnakis Asterios 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn dry Mediterranean‐type climates boron (B) levels may naturally be high and even toxic to plants. Although liming of an acidic soil is expected to decrease B levels, it is not known what the effects would be in such areas of high‐B soils, especially in B‐sensitive crops such as apple trees. Thus, our aim was to study the behavior of added B in newly planted apple rootstocks in an acidic soil which was limed to pH 6.5 in an outdoor pot experiment. Added B increased significantly B extractability from soil, and B levels were lower in the limed compared to the acidic soils. Plant B concentrations also increased with added B but differences between limed and unlimed soils were not evident, because plant B did not seem to reflect changes in B behavior in soil. However, B uptake was significantly increased with added B, and was further increased with liming, contrary to what the soil extractions indicated, due to improved growth conditions. Our results show that although liming decreased soil B levels, at the same time it did not affect plant B concentration and accelerated the uptake of added B, indicating a possibility for increased soil‐to‐plant mobility of B.
Effects of model Maillard compounds on bone characteristics and functionality
Authors: Roncero‐Ramos Irene , Delgado‐Andrade Cristina , Rufián‐Henares José Ángel , Carballo José , Navarro M Pilar 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundPhysical and biomechanical properties of bone can be affected by non‐enzymatic crosslinks, which are implicated in bone pathologies such as osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of the consumption of model Maillard reaction product (MRP) from glucose–lysine heated for 90 min at 150 °C (GL90) on bone composition and features. Rats were fed either a control diet or a diet containing 30 g kg−1 GL90 for 88 days. Food consumption and the animals' body weights were monitored. After sacrifice, the femur, pelvic bone and tibia were removed for analysis of their composition and physical and biomechanical properties.ResultsThe organic matrix of the femur and the density of the pelvic bone decreased after MRP intake, whereas pentosidine content increased greatly with respect to the control group (41.7 ± 9.9 vs 171.4 ± 3.3 mmol mol−1 collagen). The rising level of C‐telopeptide degradation products from type I collagen (β‐CTX) suggested a possible situation of increased bone resorption and/or higher turnover.ConclusionIn conjunction, the detrimental effect on the organic matrix, the situation of higher resorption and/or bone turnover indicated by the β‐CTX values and the high pentosidine content in bone provoked negative consequences on certain mechanical properties such as the ability to withstand force and absorb energy without failure. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Initial experience with seven tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hypothalamic GABA during hyperinsulinemic euglycemia and hypoglycemia in healthy humans
Authors: Moheet A. , Emir U. E. , Terpstra M. , Kumar A. , Eberly L. E. , Seaquist E. R. , Öz G. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeHypothalamic GABA signaling has been shown to regulate the hormonal response to hypoglycemia in animals. The hypothalamus is a challenging brain region for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) due to its small size and central location. To investigate the feasibility of measuring GABA in the hypothalamus in humans, ultra‐high field MRS was used.MethodsGABA levels in the hypothalamus and occipital cortex (control region) were measured in healthy volunteers during euglycemia and hypoglycemia at 7 tesla using short‐echo STEAM (TE = 8 ms, TR = 5 s).ResultsHypothalamic GABA levels were quantified with a mean within‐session test–retest coefficient of variance of 9%. Relatively high GABA levels were observed in the hypothalamus compared with other brain regions. Hypothalamic GABA levels were 3.5 ± 0.3 µmol/g during euglycemia (glucose 89 ± 6 mg/dL) vs. 3.0 ± 0.4 µmol/g during hypoglycemia (glucose 61 ± 3 mg/dL) (P = 0.06, N = 7). In the occipital cortex, GABA levels remained constant at 1.4 ± 0.4 vs.1.4 ± 0.3 µmol/g (P = 0.3, N = 5) as glucose fell from 91 ± 4 to 61 ± 4 mg/dL.ConclusionGABA concentration can be quantified in the human hypothalamus and shows a trend toward decrease in response to an acute fall in blood glucose. These methods can be used to further investigate role of GABA signaling in the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia in humans. Magn Reson Med 71:12–18, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retracted: Role of STAT3 and vitamin D receptor in EZH2‐mediated invasion of human colorectal cancer
Authors: Lin Yan‐Wei , Ren Lin‐Lin , Xiong Hua , Du Wan , Yu Ya‐Nan , Sun Tian‐Tian , Weng Yu‐Rong , Wang Zhen‐hua , Wang Ji‐Lin , Wang Ying‐Chao , Cui Yun , Sun Dan‐Feng , Han Ze‐Guang , Shen Nan , Zou Weiping , Xu Jie , Chen Hao‐yan , Cao Weibiao , Hong Jie , Fang Jing‐Yuan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe above article from The Journal of Pathology, published online on 7 June 2013 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Prof. C. Simon Herrington, and John Wiley & Sons Limited. Some sequences in Figure 6C were mistakenly identified, with consequent errors in the description of this figure and in the Materials and Methods section. Additionally, in Figures 5C, 5F and 7 some images were duplicated and erroneously presented as unique. The authors apologise to readers of the journal.
Elementarteilchen
Authors: Futscher Klaus 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEine Übersicht über die sogenannten Elementarteilchen und ihre einfachsten Kombinationen kann, sofern sie noch einigermaßen übersichtlich sein soll, nicht entfernt den Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit erheben, sondern nur mehr oder minder pauschal die wichtigsten Ergebnisse bringen. Ein ‘Literaturführer zur Physik der Elementarteilchen und der kosmischen Strahlung’, von J. Tiomno und J. A. Wheeler zusammengestellt, erscheint gegenwärtig in der Zeitschrift AMERICAN SCIENTIST 37, (April u. Juli 49) No. 1 u. 2, worin die Veröffentlichungen bis Ende 1943, jedoch ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit, nach Sachgebieten und 217 Untertiteln geordnet sind.
X‐Ray Lithography and X‐Ray Microscopy
Authors: Spiller E. , Feder R. , Topalian J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPlenarvortrag 40. Physikertagung 1976 in Bonn: Experimental system, Wavelength selection, Resist sensitivity and resolution, Subsequent Processing, Specific Advantages of X‐rays, Biological applications, Future work.
Neue spurgeführte Transportmittel (Teil II)
Authors: Albrecht C. , Bohn G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIm Anschluß an Teil I in Phys. Bl. 32 (1976) Nr. 7, S. 309–326, in dem nach einer allgemeinen Einführung die elektromagnetische Schwebetechnik (EMS) behandelt wurde, folgt jetzt eine Beschreibung des elektrodynamischen Verfahrens: Aufgaben und Kennzeichen — Elektrodynamische Trag‐Führ‐Systeme (Prinzip, Plattensysteme, Diskrete Schienenschleifen, Entwicklungsschwerpunkte) — Antriebe für elektrodynamische Schwebefahrzeuge (Auswahl, Synchroner Langständermotor, Entwicklungsschwerpunkte) — Entwicklungen im Ausland.