bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term follow‐up of children with haemophilia – low incidence of infections with central venous access devices
Authors: Harroche A. , Merckx J. , Salvi N. , Faivre J. , Jacqmarcq O. , Dazet D. , Makhloufi M. , Clairicia M. , Torchet M.‐F. , Aouba A. , Rothschild C. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThis study reports on 15 years of experience, in a single haemophilia care centre in France, with central venous access devices (VADs) in children with haemophilia. Following the insertion of a central VAD, patients were requested to return to the hospital on a quarterly basis for a multidisciplinary appointment which included clinical examination, chest X‐ray, cardiac and major vessels ultrasound and preventive fibrinolysis. The family was urged to return to the Haemophilia Care Centre if complications or problems occurred. The follow‐up comprised 50 patients. Data were collected prospectively. The total number of days with a VAD was 86 461 days and the total number of times the VAD was used was 41 192 (approximately every other day). Mean duration of VAD placement was 1269 days (range 113–2794 days). There were 25 complications, of which 9 haematomas and 5 systemic infections. Two VADs, infected with Staphylococcus aureus, had to be replaced. The infection rate was calculated as 0.0578 infections/1000 catheter days. There were no cases of thrombosis. This study concluded that most VAD infections in children can be avoided, even in patients requiring intense, prolonged treatment. The very low infection rate was achieved through the efforts of a multidisciplinary team, combined with extensive training for all individuals involved, adherence to written protocols and specific monitoring measures.
Aquatic insects in the Dinarides: identifying hotspots of endemism and species richness shaped by geological and hydrological history using Empididae (Diptera)
Authors: Ivković Marija , Plant Adrian 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe identify local hotspots of elevated species richness and endemicity of aquatic insects in the Dinarides (Balkans) using aquatic Empididae (Diptera) as models and compared observed patterns with historical geological and hydrological changes in the region.We analysed species richness and reciprocal weighted endemicity. Parsimony analysis of endemism was used to generate an historical hypothesis of the relationships between the aquatic Empididae biotas of different regions of local endemism within the Dinarides and the results reconciled with the geological and hydrological history of the region.Hotspots of high endemicity were coincident with areas of elevated species richness and were located primarily in the northwest Dinarides, central Bosnia & Herzegovina, and southeast Montenegro. Parsimony analysis of endemism retrieved three weakly supported area clades comprising areas of southeast Dinarides together with disjunct areas at the western Dinarides, and central Bosnia & Herzegovina together with the disjunct northwest Dinarides.The aquatic Empididae fauna of the northwest Dinarides has been strongly influenced by dispersal from the European Alps, whereas that at the southern end of the range may have been shaped by immigration from ranges further south. In the central Dinarides, progressive fragmentation of the hydrological network through orogenesis, karstification, redistribution of flysch deposits, and saline ingressions may underlie current diversity patterns with populations becoming increasingly isolated and focused within refugia.Hotspots of endemism and diversity are not necessarily coincident with protected areas and further work will be needed if they are to be reconciled with future planning of conservation priorities.
Progranulin is preferentially expressed in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and protects mice from psoriasis‐like skin inflammation
Authors: Huang Kun , Chen Aijun , Zhang Xuemei , Song Zhixin , Xu Hongmei , Cao Ju , Yin Yibing 
Published: January 2015

SummaryProgranulin (PGRN) is a multi‐functional protein known to be involved in inflammation. Recent studies have found that PGRN has dual roles in inflammation and exerts anti‐inflammatory and pro‐inflammatory function in different diseases. However, the role of PGRN in psoriasis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we detected preferential expression of PGRN in human psoriatic lesions and serum. Moreover, serum PGRN/tumour necrosis factor‐α ratio was negatively correlated with disease severity. To investigate the role of PGRN in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we used wild‐type (WT) and PGRN−/− mice in a model of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate (TPA) ‐induced psoriasis‐like inflammation. We demonstrated that PGRN expression was dramatically enhanced in the psoriasis‐like lesions of TPA‐treated WT mice, in accordance with human psoriatic lesions. Surprisingly, PGRN−/− mice were more sensitive to the development of TPA‐induced psoriasis‐like inflammation. The mechanism underlying this increased sensitivity of PGRN−/− mice to TPA‐induced psoriasis‐like inflammation was impaired differentiation of regulatory T cells in lymph nodes and decreased recruitment of these cells in the affected skin, which results in more severe inflammation. Hence, in WT mice, PGRN promotes differentiation and recruitment of regulatory T cells at the site of inflammation, which protects the skin from an exaggerated psoriasis‐like inflammatory response.
Understanding the Implementation Process of a Multi‐Component Health Promotion Intervention for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities in Sweden
Authors: Sundblom Elinor , Bergström Helena , Ellinder Liselotte Schäfer 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundThere is a need to better understand implementation processes of health interventions. This study describes the implementation of a multicomponent intervention to improve diet and physical activity among adults with intellectual disabilities, viewed from the perspectives of staff and managers.Materials and MethodsAll health ambassadors (n = 12), appointed among staff and managers (n = 5) taking part of a health intervention in community residences in Sweden, were interviewed with a focus on barriers and facilitators regarding implementation of the intervention. Data were analysed using content analysis.ResultsThe overarching theme describes the importance of supporting motivation for change among managers, caregivers and residents. The experiences of the implementation process are described in four main categories: intervention characteristics, individual commitment, organizational capacity and societal factors.ConclusionThe implementation can be facilitated by a programme meeting perceived needs, a flexible and participatory approach, external input and an extensive preparation phase.
Editorial: A double‐edged sword: advantages and disadvantages to the current emphasis on biogenetic causes of child psychopathology
Authors: Burt S. Alexandra 
Published: January 2015

Research on child psychopathology is a largely biogenetic endeavor these days, at least according to current funding priorities at the National Institutes of Health in the US. This heavy focus on genetic contributions to child psychopathology has some real advantages. Available research has conclusively indicated that child and adolescent mental health problems are partially genetic in origin and, moreover, are related to neural structure and function (as an example, see Plomin et al.). Moreover, these genetic effects may be responsible for some previously reported ‘environmental’ effects, such that, what appear to be direct environmental risk factors may in fact reflect genetic/familial risks. As one example, Sengupta et al. (this issue) found that maternal smoking during pregnancy was in fact a marker of maternal and paternal psychopathology. Put another way, the association between ADHD and maternal smoking during pregnancy may index a genetic/familial risk for a more severe form of ADHD, rather than a direct effect of uterine exposure to cigarettes. A final, more subtle reason for the current trend towards biogenetic research is that it has the rarely‐discussed but all‐too‐important ‘allure of the unknown’. We have only just recently been able to directly explore the biological underpinnings of psychopathology; and as technology advances, so too will the insights gained (presumably). This offers both funding agencies and individual scientists the very real possibility of making a major new discovery – a siren's call for most of us. In sharp contrast, decades of research have explored putatively environmental contributions to child and adolescent psychopathology. New paradigm‐shifting discoveries are thus likely to be fewer in number and farther between (if we continue using traditional study designs that omit joint consideration of biology, that is). In short, biogenetic research just feels more cutting edge at the moment. The clear merits of such work notwithstanding, there are a number of critical disadvantages to the current emphasis on genetics. These issues are presented below, not necessarily in order of importance.
Elevated prevalence of Type D (distressed) personality in moderate to severe psoriasis is associated with mood status and quality of life impairment: a comparative pilot study
Authors: Molina‐Leyva A. , Caparros‐delMoral I. , Ruiz‐Carrascosa J.C. , Naranjo‐Sintes R. , Jimenez‐Moleon J.J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis may imply a remarkable psychological impairment, which can influence patient's personality. The Type D personality is defined by the combination of social inhibition and negative affectivity. Furthermore, Type D personality has been associated with impaired health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and increased cardiovascular risk, both facts being associated with moderate to severe psoriasis.ObjectivesTo explore the prevalence of Type D personality in moderate to severe psoriasis patients; To analyse the relationship between Type D personality and the most common physical and psychological comorbidities in moderate to severe psoriasis and To explore the impact of Type D personality on HRQOL.MethodsA prospective comparative study matched to age and sex. Eighty patients with moderate to severe psoriasis and 80 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The participants completed the DS14 test, the Massachusetts General Hospital‐Sexual Functioning Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the SF‐36 and the Psoriasis Disability Index.ResultsThe prevalence of Type D personality was higher in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis as compared to healthy volunteers: 38.7% vs. 23.7%, P < 0.001. Psoriasis patients with Type D personality had a 3.2‐fold risk of anxiety when compared to patients without Type D personality; odds ratio 3.2 (1.3–8.83 P = 0.01). Type D personality was significantly associated with an impaired general, sexual and psoriasis‐related HRQOL (P < 0.01).ConclusionBecause Type D personality could represent a frequent type of personality among individuals with moderate to severe psoriasis, it could serve as a ‘marker’ of more psychologically vulnerable patients, probably related to dysfunctional coping strategies. The Type D personality could represent a profile more frequently encountered among patients with psoriasis, and might therefore help identify subjects physiologically more vulnerable to disease, most likely due to inadequate adaptation mechanisms.
Evolution of complex life cycles in trophically transmitted helminths. I. Host incorporation and trophic ascent
Authors: Parker G. A. , Ball M. A. , Chubb J. C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLinks between parasites and food webs are evolutionarily ancient but dynamic: life history theory provides insights into helminth complex life cycle origins. Most adult helminths benefit by sexual reproduction in vertebrates, often high up food chains, but direct infection is commonly constrained by a trophic vacuum between free‐living propagules and definitive hosts. Intermediate hosts fill this vacuum, facilitating transmission to definitive hosts. The central question concerns why sexual reproduction, and sometimes even larval growth, is suppressed in intermediate hosts, favouring growth arrest at larval maturity in intermediate hosts and reproductive suppression until transmission to definitive hosts? Increased longevity and higher growth in definitive hosts can generate selection for larger parasite body size and higher fecundity at sexual maturity. Life cycle length is increased by two evolutionary mechanisms, upward and downward incorporation, allowing simple (one‐host) cycles to become complex (multihost). In downward incorporation, an intermediate host is added below the definitive host: models suggest that downward incorporation probably evolves only after ecological or evolutionary perturbations create a trophic vacuum. In upward incorporation, a new definitive host is added above the original definitive host, which subsequently becomes an intermediate host, again maintained by the trophic vacuum: theory suggests that this is plausible even under constant ecological/evolutionary conditions. The final cycle is similar irrespective of its origin (upward or downward). Insights about host incorporation are best gained by linking comparative phylogenetic analyses (describing evolutionary history) with evolutionary models (examining selective forces). Ascent of host trophic levels and evolution of optimal host taxa ranges are discussed.
Evolution of complex life cycles in trophically transmitted helminths.II. How do life‐history stages adapt to their hosts?
Authors: Parker G. A. , Ball M. A. , Chubb J. C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe review how trophically transmitted helminths adapt to the special problems associated with successive hosts in complex cycles. In intermediate hosts, larvae typically show growth arrest at larval maturity (GALM). Theoretical models indicate that optimization of size atGALMrequires larval mortality rate to increase with time between infection andGALM: low larval growth or paratenicity (no growth) arises from unfavourable growth and mortality rates in the intermediate host and low transmission rates to the definitive host. Reverse conditions favour highGALMsize or continuous growth. Some support is found for these predictions. Intermediate host manipulation involves predation suppression (which decreases host vulnerabilitybeforethe larva can establish in its next host) and predation enhancement (which increases host vulnerabilityafterthe larva can establish in its next host). Switches between suppression and enhancement suggest adaptive manipulation. Manipulation conflicts can occur between larvae of different ages/species a host individual. Larvae must usually develop toGALMbefore becoming infective to the next host, possibly due to trade‐offs, e.g. between growth/survival in the present host and infection ability for the next host. In definitive hosts, if mortality rate is constant, optimal growth before switching to reproduction is set by the growth/morality rate ratio. Rarely, no growth occurs in definitive hosts, predicted (with empirical support) when larval size on infection exceeds growth/mortality rate. Tissue migration patterns and residence sites may be explained by variations in growth/mortality rates between host gut and soma, migration costs and benefits of releasing eggs in the gut.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Four Adhesion Strategies in Posterior Restorations—18‐Month Results
Authors: Delbons Flávia B. , Perdigão Jorge , Araujo Edson , Melo Freire Charles A. , Caldas Danilo D. , Cardoso Jorge L. , Pagani Margarida , Borges Gilberto A. , Lima Rodrigo B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the 18‐month clinical performance of four adhesive strategies in posterior composite restorations placed in private practice.Materials and MethodsUpon approval by an institutional review board, 144 restorations were inserted in 45 subjects (average age = 32.6) to treat caries lesions or to replace existing restorations in vital molars and premolars. The adhesives OptiBond FL (three‐step etch‐and‐rinse), OptiBond SOLO Plus (two‐step etch‐and‐rinse), OptiBond XTR (two‐step self‐etch), and OptiBond All‐in One (one‐step self‐etch) were applied as per manufacturer's (Kerr Co.) instructions followed by a nanofilled resin composite (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) under rubber dam isolation. Restorations were evaluated at baseline and at 18 months using United States Public Health Service (USPHS)‐modified criteria and high‐resolution digital photographs. Statistical analyses included the McNemar and the Mann–Whitney non‐parametric tests (p < 0.05).ResultsA total of 137 restorations were evaluated after 18 months. The number of alfa ratings did not change significantly from baseline to 18 months for any of the adhesion strategies. When the 18‐month evaluation criteria were pooled by pairs of adhesives, none of the adhesives resulted in a significantly different number of alfa ratings for any of the criteria compared with the other adhesives.ConclusionBonding strategy did not influence the clinical performance of posterior composite restorations under the clinical conditions used in this study.Clinical SignificanceWhen used in ideal clinical conditions, the composition of current dentin adhesives may be more clinically relevant than their adhesion strategy.
A qualitative investigation of patients’ understanding of carbohydrate in the clinical management of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Breen C. , McKenzie K. , Yoder R. , Ryan M. , Gibney M. J. , O'Shea D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundA healthy diet is the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) self‐management. Carbohydrate is of particular interest as the nutrient with the greatest direct effect on blood glucose (BG) levels. The present study aimed to explore T2DM patients’ understanding of carbohydrate and beliefs around the role of carbohydrate in T2DM management.MethodsFifteen semi‐structured interviews were conducted with T2DM patients. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed, and a deductive thematic approach to analysis was employed using the Framework method.ResultsFour significant themes emerged: (i) a naïve conceptual understanding of carbohydrate and sugar‐centric specificity to dietary behaviours; (ii) a narrow focus on BG management to the neglect of overall dietary balance; (iii) positive reception of moderate dietary advice focused on portion control from healthcare professionals (HCPs); and (iv) the impact of external moderators of dietary choices, including the influence of significant others, emotional and opportunistic eating and budgetary constraints.ConclusionsParticipants’ beliefs and understanding of carbohydrate led to an overemphasis on sugar restriction for blood glucose control to the neglect of their overall dietary balance. Diabetes educators need to place greater emphasis on the role of various types of carbohydrate foods for glycaemic control, as well as on concepts of wider metabolic health, during T2DM dietary education. Participants placed a high level of trust and value on practical, moderate portion control advice from HCPs regarding carbohydrate foods. However, HCPs need to be cognisant of external moderators of behaviour, such as the influence of family and friends, budgetary constraints and environmental eating triggers.
Rotenone decreases intracellular aldehyde dehydrogenase activity: implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Goldstein David S. , Sullivan Patti , Cooney Adele , Jinsmaa Yunden , Kopin Irwin J. , Sharabi Yehonatan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRepeated systemic administration of the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone produces a rodent model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mechanisms of relatively selective rotenone‐induced damage to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons remain incompletely understood. According to the ‘catecholaldehyde hypothesis,’ buildup of the autotoxic dopamine metabolite 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) contributes to PD pathogenesis. Vesicular uptake blockade increases DOPAL levels, and DOPAL is detoxified mainly by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). We tested whether rotenone interferes with vesicular uptake and intracellular ALDH activity. Endogenous and F‐labeled catechols were measured in PC12 cells incubated with rotenone (0–1000 nM, 180 min), without or with F‐dopamine (2 μM) to track vesicular uptake and catecholamine metabolism. Rotenone dose dependently increased DOPAL, F‐DOPAL, and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) levels while decreasing dopamine and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels and the ratio of dopamine to the sum of its deaminated metabolites. In test tubes, rotenone did not affect conversion of DOPAL to DOPAC by ALDH when NAD+ was supplied, whereas the direct‐acting ALDH inhibitor benomyl markedly increased DOPAL and decreased DOPAC concentrations in the reaction mixtures. We propose that rotenone builds up intracellular DOPAL by decreasing ALDH activity and attenuating vesicular sequestration of cytoplasmic catecholamines. The results provide a novel mechanism for selective rotenone‐induced toxicity in dopaminergic neurons.image
We report that rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that produces an animal model of Parkinson's disease, increases intracelular levels of the toxic dopamine metabolite 3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl‐acetaldehyde (DOPAL), via decreased DOPAL metabolism by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and decreased vesicular sequestration of cytoplasmic dopamine by the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT). The results provide a novel mechanism for rotenone‐induced toxicity in dopaminergic neurons.
A novel caffeoyl triterpene attenuates cerebral ischemic injury with potent anti‐inflammatory and hypothermic effects
Authors: Ruan Zhi , Wang Hong Min , Huang Xiao Tian , Fu Yan , Wu Jian , Ye Chun Yan , Li Jin Long , Wu Lei , Gong Qi , Zhao Wei Min , Zhang Hai Yan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDespite the intense efforts in searching for stroke therapies, an urgent need still exists to explore novel neuroprotective agents for ischemic stroke that have high efficacy and wide therapeutic time‐window. Here, we provide the first demonstration that 28‐O‐caffeoyl betulin (B‐CA), a novel derivative of naturally occurring caffeoyl triterpene, could significantly alleviate brain infarction and neurological deficit when given as late as 6 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Moreover, post‐ischemia B‐CA administration exhibited long‐term (14 days post stroke) protective effects on both brain infarction and functional (i.e., motor and sensory) deficits. Protective B‐CA effects correlated with decreased inflammatory responses as indicated by inhibition of microglia and astrocyte activation [stained with ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba‐1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody, respectively], as well as suppression of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, and cyclooxygenase‐2 overproduction in the ipsilateral cortex of ischemic rat. B‐CA administration caused significant hypothermia in the focal cerebral ischemic rat, which may contribute to its ameliorative effects on brain damage and inflammation. In view of its potency in wide therapeutic time‐window, robust anti‐inflammatory and hypothermic effects, this novel caffeoyl triterpene derivative may lead toward the development of effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke.imageWe documented for the first time that 28‐O‐caffeoyl betulin (B‐CA), a novel synthetic caffeoyl triterpene inspired from active natural principles of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb, possessed robust neuroprotection with a wide and clinically useful therapeutic time window against ischemic stroke, correlating with the anti‐inflammatory and hypothermic effects. Thus, this novel caffeoyl triterpene derivative may lead toward the development of effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke.