bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the retention of ocimene in water phase using Class II hydrophobin HFBII
Authors: Khalesi Mohammadreza , Mandelings Nathalie , Herrera‐Malaver Beatriz , Riveros‐Galan David , Gebruers Kurt , Derdelinckx Guy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHydrophobins have exceptional surface activity with potential applications for food and pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the effect of Class II hydrophobin HFBII on the retention of a volatile compound, ocimene in a water phase was investigated. We observed a negative gushing when 200 µg pure HFBII (κ‐grade) and 40 µg ocimene (assay ≥ 90%) was added to 1 L sparkling water with CO2 concentration of 7 g/L. The droplet size analysis of κ‐HFBII, ocimene and the mixture of them showed that the ocimene was emulsified in a solution containing κ‐HFBII. The stability of this emulsion was reduced in function of time and this effect was intensified by increasing the temperature and the presence of CO2. Additionally, the retention of ocimene in a HFBII rich solution was measured by SPME‐GC‐MS. When 0.26±0.03 mg HFBII/mL is added to ocimene solution, 43% of the original ocimene concentration (i.e. 5.9 × 10−6 mg/mL) remained in the solution after 3 days, and 32% after 7 days. In contrast, original ocimene concentration in solutions without HFBII was only retained 20% and 14%, respectively. It showed the potential of HFBII to incorporate insoluble flavour compounds in beverages and control their release. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel submicron poly(urea‐formaldehyde) and essence of jasmine microcapsules with enhanced sustained release
Authors: Bao Lin , Zhang Fangfang , Chen Tongyun , Cao Jigang , Chen Yashao , Bai Yunshan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA novel type of sub‐microcapsules was prepared using linoleic acid as the emulsifier for a nano‐sized (55.5 nm) essence of jasmine emulsion. The final sub‐microcapsules had well‐defined spherical structures with a mean diameter of 860 nm, and were generated by in situ polymerization. They were consisted of an essence of jasmine emulsion as the core and poly(urea‐formaldehyde) (PUF) as the shell. In comparison to microcapsules prepared by analogous methods and materials, these sub‐microcapsules had a smaller particle diameter, resistance to boiling water and corrosion at pHs 3–11, a higher encapsulation efficiency of 92% and an increased length of release of approximately 22 days for the essence in water. The products reported in this study have potential applications in the flavor industry. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulations of bouncing jets
Authors: Bonito Andrea , Guermond Jean‐Luc , Lee Sanghyun 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBouncing jets are fascinating phenomenon occurring under certain conditions when a jet impinges on a free surface. This effect is observed when the fluid is Newtonian and the jet falls in a bath undergoing a solid motion. It occurs also for non‐Newtonian fluids when the jets fall in a vessel at rest containing the same fluid. We investigate numerically the impact of the experimental setting and the rheological properties of the fluid on the onset of the bouncing phenomenon. Our investigations show that the occurrence of a thin lubricating layer of air separating the jet and the rest of the liquid is a key factor for the bouncing of the jet to happen. The numerical technique that is used consists of a projection method for the Navier–Stokes system coupled with a level set formulation for the representation of the interface. The space approximation is carried out with adaptive finite elements. Adaptive refinement is shown to be very important to capture the thin layer of air that is responsible for the bouncing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From level set to volume of fluid and back again at second‐order accuracy
Authors: Detrixhe Miles , Aslam Tariq D. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWe present methods for computing either the level set function or volume fraction field from the other at second‐order accuracy. Both algorithms are optimal in that O(N) computations are needed for N total grid points and both algorithms are easily parallelized. This work includes a novel interface reconstruction algorithm in three dimensions that requires a smaller local block of volume fractions than existing algorithms. A compact local solver leads to better algorithm portability and efficiency: for example, fewer restrictions must be imposed on an adaptive mesh, and fewer grid cells must be communicated between processors in a parallel implementation. We also present a fast sweeping method for computing a unique approximation of the signed distance function to a piecewise linear interface. All of the numerical examples confirm second‐order accuracy on both uniform and tree‐based adaptive grids. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Backward uncertainty propagation in shape optimization
Authors: Mohammadi Bijan 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWe aim at quantifying the impact of state uncertainties in shape optimization. This provides confidence bounds for the optimal solution. The approach is presented for inverse designs where the target is assumed uncertain. No sampling of a large dimensional space is necessary, and the approach uses what is already available in a deterministic gradient‐based inversion algorithm. Our proposal is based on the introduction of directional quantile‐based extreme scenarios knowing the probability density function of the target data. We use these scenarios to define a matrix having the structure of the covariance matrix of the optimization parameters. We compare this construction to another one using the gradient of the functional by an adjoint method. The paper goes beyond inverse design and shows how to apply the method to general optimization problems. The ingredients of the paper are illustrated on a model problem with the Burgers equation and on the optimization of the shape of an aircraft. Overall, the computational complexity is comparable with the deterministic case. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resting‐state oscillatory dynamics in sensorimotor cortex in benign epilepsy with centro‐temporal spikes and typical brain development
Authors: Koelewijn Loes , Hamandi Khalid , Brindley Lisa M. , Brookes Matthew J. , Routley Bethany C. , Muthukumaraswamy Suresh D. , Williams Natalie , Thomas Marie A. , Kirby Amanda , te Water Naudé Johann , Gibbon Frances , Singh Krish D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBenign Epilepsy with Centro‐Temporal Spikes (BECTS) is a common childhood epilepsy associated with deficits in several neurocognitive domains. Neurophysiological studies in BECTS often focus on centro‐temporal spikes, but these correlate poorly with morphology and cognitive impairments. To better understand the neural profile of BECTS, we studied background brain oscillations, thought to be integrally involved in neural network communication, in sensorimotor areas. We used independent component analysis of temporally correlated sources on magnetoencephalography recordings to assess sensorimotor resting‐state network activity in BECTS patients and typically developing controls. We also investigated the variability of oscillatory characteristics within focal primary motor cortex (M1), localized with a separate finger abduction task. We hypothesized that background oscillations would differ between patients and controls in the sensorimotor network but not elsewhere, especially in the beta band (13–30 Hz) because of its role in network communication and motor processing. The results support our hypothesis: in the sensorimotor network, patients had a greater variability in oscillatory amplitude compared to controls, whereas there was no difference in the visual network. Network measures did not correlate with age. The coefficient of variation of resting M1 peak frequency correlated negatively with age in the beta band only, and was greater than average for a number of patients. Our results point toward a “disorganized” functional sensorimotor network in BECTS, supporting a neurodevelopmental delay in sensorimotor cortex. Our findings further suggest that investigating the variability of oscillatory peak frequency may be a useful tool to investigate deficits of disorganization in neurodevelopmental disorders.Hum Brain Mapp 36:3935–3949, 2015. ©2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age‐related changes in brain hemodynamics; A calibrated MRI study
Authors: De Vis J.B. , Hendrikse J. , Bhogal A. , Adams A. , Kappelle L.J. , Petersen E.T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionBlood oxygenation‐level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging signal changes in response to stimuli have been used to evaluate age‐related changes in neuronal activity. Contradictory results from these types of experiments have been attributed to differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). To clarify the effects of these physiological parameters, we investigated the effect of age on baseline CBF and CMRO2.Materials and MethodsTwenty young (mean ± sd age, 28 ± 3 years), and 45 older subjects (66 ± 4 years) were investigated. A dual‐echo pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequence was performed during normocapnic, hypercapnic, and hyperoxic breathing challenges. Whole brain and regional gray matter values of CBF, ASL cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), BOLD CVR, oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and CMRO2 were calculated.ResultsWhole brain CBF was 49 ± 14 and 40 ± 9 ml/100 g/min in young and older subjects respectively (P < 0.05). Age‐related differences in CBF decreased to the point of nonsignificance (B=−4.1, SE=3.8) when EtCO2 was added as a confounder. BOLD CVR was lower in the whole brain, in the frontal, in the temporal, and in the occipital of the older subjects (P<0.05). Whole brain OEF was 43 ± 8% in the young and 39 ± 6% in the older subjects (P = 0.066). Whole brain CMRO2 was 181 ± 60 and 133 ± 43 µmol/100 g/min in young and older subjects, respectively (P<0.01).DiscussionAge‐related differences in CBF could potentially be explained by differences in EtCO2. Regional CMRO2 was lower in older subjects. BOLD studies should take this into account when investigating age‐related changes in neuronal activity. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3973–3987, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beat and metaphoric gestures are differentially associated with regional cerebellar and cortical volumes
Authors: Bernard Jessica A. , B. Millman Zachary , Mittal Vijay A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGestures represent an integral aspect of interpersonal communication, and they are closely linked with language and thought. Brain regions for language processing overlap with those for gesture processing. Two types of gesticulation, beat gestures and metaphoric gestures are particularly important for understanding the taxonomy of co‐speech gestures. Here, we investigated gesture production during taped interviews with respect to regional brain volume. First, we were interested in whether beat gesture production is associated with similar regions as metaphoric gesture. Second, we investigated whether cortical regions associated with metaphoric gesture processing are linked to gesture production based on correlations with brain volumes. We found that beat gestures are uniquely related to regional volume in cerebellar regions previously implicated in discrete motor timing. We suggest that these gestures may be an artifact of the timing processes of the cerebellum that are important for the timing of vocalizations. Second, our findings indicate that brain volumes in regions of the left hemisphere previously implicated in metaphoric gesture processing are positively correlated with metaphoric gesture production. Together, this novel work extends our understanding of left hemisphere regions associated with gesture to indicate their importance in gesture production, and also suggests that beat gestures may be especially unique. This provides important insight into the taxonomy of co‐speech gestures, and also further insight into the general role of the cerebellum in language. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4016–4030, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Forgotten Carbonyl Reaction: Chloroacetylation and Bromoacetylation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Neuenschwander Markus 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHalomethyl acetates (3) could be prepared from aliphatic, α,β‐unsaturated and aromatic aldehydes, as well as from alicyclic ketones with high yields in simple one‐pot reactions. Very often, the products didn't have to be purified and could directly be used for synthetic purposes after evaporation of the solvent. Obviously, the ‘bad reputation’ of the reaction in the literature stemed from the fact that the reactions didn't take place under the best conditions.Carbonyl compounds (1) and acyl halides (2) form equilibria which are completely on the side of the halomethyl acetates (3) at room temperature (starting with aliphatic and most aromatic aldehydes) and which can be strongly influenced by the reaction parameters. It is crucial to work at low temperature in apolar solvents and to remove (or deactivate) the catalyst before workup.Reactions may be realized with or without solvents. Side reactions were observed with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde but, with exception of formaldehyde, could be reduced close to zero (see Fig. 5). By‐products were essentially avoided if the reaction took place in apolar solvents and with a local excess of acetyl chloride. In many cases clean products were available which could directly be used for synthetic purposes.Halomethyl acetates (3) are bifunctional carbonyl derivatives with two different leaving groups, whose preparative advantages have been useful for the synthesis of various pentafulvenes, but were especially important for preparing unstable parent fulvenes and fulvalenes.
Alkyne‐Mediated Approach to the Synthesis of (4R,5R)‐5‐Hydroxy‐4‐decanolide and (−)‐Muricatacin
Authors: Raji Reddy Chada , Suman Devatha , Narsimha Rao Nagavaram 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis of two naturally occurring 5‐hydroxy‐γ‐butyrolactones, (4R,5R)‐5‐hydroxy‐4‐decanolide (1a) and (−)‐muricatacin (2), is described using a general alkyne‐mediated strategy. The key steps involved are Sonogashira coupling for the desired carbon‐chain extension followed by Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation to construct the hydroxy‐lactone framework.
Two 2,6‐Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐3‐ones from Phragmanthera capitata (Spreng.) Balle (Loranthaceae)
Authors: Lenta Bruno N. , Ateba Joél T. , Chouna Jean R. , Aminake Makoah N. , Nardella Flore , Pradel Gabriele , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans Georg , Vonthron‐Sénécheau Catherine , Ngouela Silvère , Sewald Norbert 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of the leaves of Phragmanthera capitata collected on Cassia spectabilis tree led to the isolation of two natural lactones, rel‐(1R,5S,7S)‐7‐[2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]‐2,6‐dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐3‐one (1) and 4‐{2‐[rel‐(1R,3R,5S)‐7‐oxo‐2,6‐dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]non‐3‐yl]ethyl}phenyl 3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoate (2) together with the known compounds betulinic acid (3), dodoneine (4), quercetin 3‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (5), quercetin 3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinofuranoside (6), quercetin (7), betulin (8), lupeol (9), and sitosterol (10). Their structures were established by means of modern spectroscopic techniques, and the relative configuration of compound 1 was confirmed by X‐ray analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested in vitro for their antiplasmodial activity against the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine sensitive‐strains NF54 and 3D7. Compound 2 exhibited good antiplasmodial activity against both strains with IC50 of 2.4 and 4.9 μM, respectively, while compound 1 was inactive.
Quantifying and modelling urban stream temperature: a central US watershed study
Authors: Zeiger Sean , Hubbart Jason A. , Anderson Stephen H. , Stambaugh Michael C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHydrologic models that rely on site specific linear and non‐linear regression water temperature (Tw) subroutines forced solely with observed air temperature (Ta) may not accurately estimate Tw in mixed‐use urbanizing watersheds where hydrogeological and land use complexity may confound common Tw regime assumptions. A nested‐scale experimental watershed study design was used to test Tw model predictions in a representative mixed‐use urbanizing watershed of the central USA. The linear regression Tw model used in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a non‐linear regression Tw model, and a process‐based Tw model that accounts for watershed hydrology were evaluated. The non‐linear regression Tw model tested at a daily time step performed significantly (P < 0.01) better than the linear Tw model currently used in SWAT. Both regression Tw models overestimated Tw in lower temperature ranges (Tw < 10.0 °C) with percent bias (PBIAS) values ranging from −28.2% (non‐linear Tw model) to −66.1% (linear regression Tw model) and underestimated Tw in the higher temperature range (Tw > 25.0 °C) by 3.2%, and 7.2%, respectively. Conversely, the process‐based Tw model closely estimated Tw in lower temperature ranges (PBIAS = 4.5%) and only slightly underestimated Tw in the higher temperature range (PBIAS = 1.7%). Findings illustrate the benefit of integrating process‐based Tw models with hydrologic models to improve model transferability and Tw predictive confidence in urban mixed‐land use watersheds. The findings in this work are distinct geographically and in terms of mixed‐land use complexity and are therefore of immediate value to land‐use managers in similarly urbanizing watersheds globally. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allosteric control of transcription in GntR family of transcription regulators: A structural overview
Authors: Jain Deepti 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe GntR family of transcription regulators constitutes one of the most abundant family of transcription factors. These modulators are involved in a variety of mechanisms controlling various metabolic processes. GntR family members are typically two domain proteins with a smaller N‐terminus domain (NTD) with conserved architecture of winged‐helix‐turn‐helix (wHTH) for DNA binding and a larger C‐terminus domain (CTD) or the effector binding domain which is also involved in oligomerization. Interestingly, the CTD shows structural heterogeneity depending upon the type of effector molecule that it binds and displays structural homology to various classes of proteins. Binding of the effector molecule to the CTD brings about a conformational change in the transcription factor such that its affinity for its cognate DNA sequence is altered. This review summarizes the structural information available on the members of GntR family and discusses the common features of the DNA binding and operator recognition within the family. The variation in the allosteric mechanism employed by the members of this family is also discussed. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(7):556–563, 2015
Splitting the cell, building the organism: Mechanisms of cell division in metazoan embryos
Authors: Kumar Megha , Pushpa Kumari , Mylavarapu Sivaram V. S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe unicellular metazoan zygote undergoes a series of cell divisions that are central to its development into an embryo. Differentiation of embryonic cells leads eventually to the development of a functional adult. Fate specification of pluripotent embryonic cells occurs during the early embryonic cleavage divisions in several animals. Early development is characterized by well‐known stages of embryogenesis documented across animals—morulation, blastulation, and morphogenetic processes such as gastrulation, all of which contribute to differentiation and tissue specification. Despite this broad conservation, there exist clearly discernible morphological and functional differences across early embryonic stages in metazoans. Variations in the mitotic mechanisms of early embryonic cell divisions play key roles in governing these gross differences that eventually encode developmental patterns. In this review, we discuss molecular mechanisms of both karyokinesis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasmic separation) during early embryonic divisions. We outline the broadly conserved molecular pathways that operate in these two stages in early embryonic mitoses. In addition, we highlight mechanistic variations in these two stages across different organisms. We finally discuss outstanding questions of interest, answers to which would illuminate the role of divergent mitotic mechanisms in shaping early animal embryogenesis. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(7):575–587, 2015
Reconceptualizing Self and Other Through Critical Media Engagement
Authors: Huang Shin‐ying 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis research explores how critical media literacy transforms ways of engaging with media texts and expands the understanding and practice of literacy. In this qualitative teacher inquiry, even though the teacher researcher had envisioned for the students an identity as academic‐language learners who engage with competing ideologies of masculinity through critical analysis of its construction in a media text, the students chose to enact the subjectivity of masculinity as a lived experience rather than merely an academic deconstruction, and the subjectivity of themselves as having a critical voice in relation to the social construction of discrimination. These findings prompted the teacher researcher to consider the reflective nature of teacher inquiry and its potential for building relations between identity and subjectivity.
Investigating the effect of excess caffeine exposure on placental angiogenesis using chicken ’functional‘ placental blood vessel network
Authors: Ma Zheng‐lai , Wang Guang , Lu Wen‐hui , Cheng Xin , Chuai Manli , Lee Kenneth Ka Ho , Yang Xuesong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIt is now known that over‐consumption of caffeine by pregnant mothers could have detrimental effects on normal fetal development. However, it remains obscure how caffeine's harmful effect impacts directly or indirectly on the developing embryo/fetus through damaging placenta development. In this study, we demonstrated the morphological similarities between the yolk sac and chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of chick embryos and the villi of the mammalian placenta. Using the chick yolk sac and the CAM as a model, we found that 5–15 µmol per egg of caffeine exposure inhibited angiogenesis. Under the same condition, cell proliferation in extraembryonic mesoderm was reduced while apoptosis was enhanced. Semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR analysis revealed that caffeine treatment down‐regulated VEGF, VEGFR2, PIGF, IGF2 and NRP1 expression, but up‐regulated Ang1 and Ang2 expression. We performed in situ hybridization to show VE‐cadherin expression and as to demonstrate the blood vessels in the CAM and yolk sac membranes. This distribution of the VE‐cadherin+ blood vessels was determined to be reduced after caffeine treatment. Furthermore, MDA activity was induced after caffeine exposure, but GSH‐PX activity was inhibited after caffeine exposure; SOD activity was unchanged as compared with the control. In summary, our results suggest that caffeine exposure could negatively impact on angiogenesis in the chick yolk sac and CAM by targeting angiogenesis‐related genes. Some of these genes are also involved in regulating excess ROS generation. The results implied that the negative impact of caffeine on fetal development was partly attributed to impaired placental angiogenesis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.