bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare Alleles within the CYP2E1 (MEOS System) Could be Associated with Better Short‐Term Health Outcome after Acute Methanol Poisoning
Authors: Hubacek Jaroslav A. , Pelclova Daniela , Seidl Zdenek , Vaneckova Manuela , Klempir Jiri , Ruzicka Evzen , Ridzon Petr , Urban Pavel , Fenclova Zdenka , Petrik Vit , Diblik Pavel , Kuthan Pavel , Miovsky Michal , Janikova Barbara , Adamkova Vera , Zakharov Sergey 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGenetic polymorphisms influence the metabolism of ethanol and methanol, but the potential effects of genetic predisposition on the clinical course, outcome and short‐term health sequelae of acute methanol poisoning are unknown. To evaluate the role of the MEOS system in methanol poisoning, we analysed the effect of three polymorphisms (RsaI – rs2031920; PstI – rs3813867; insertion/deletion I/D) within the CYP2E1 enzyme (MEOS system) in 50 adult survivors of methanol poisoning and compared their genotype frequencies with 460 controls. The minor allele frequencies of all three polymorphisms were below 5% in both groups. We did not detect significant differences in the genotype frequencies between survivors of methanol poisoning and controls (p = 0.34 for the RsaI variant; p = 0.59 for the PstI variant and p = 0.21 for the I/D polymorphism). The carriers of at least one minor allele in the CYP2E1 gene had less severe clinical symptoms and better short‐term outcome after acute poisoning. Variants within the CYP2E1 gene are likely not significant genetic determinants of acute methanol poisoning (if survivors are analysed), but they may influence the severity of methanol poisoning and its visual/central nervous system (CNS) outcome.
Influence of proton pump inhibitors and VKORC1 mutations on CYP2C9‐mediated dose requirements of vitamin K antagonist therapy: a pilot study
Authors: Brunner‐Ziegler Sophie , Jilma Bernd , Magirr Dominic , Sunder‐Plassmann Raute , Giurgea Georgiana‐Aura , Hammer Alexandra , Margeta Christian , Brunner Martin , Koppensteiner Renate , Mannhalter Christine 
Published: August 2014

SummaryInterindividual variations in dose requirements of oral vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are attributed to several factors, including genetic variant alleles of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) and cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), but also interaction with co‐medications. In this context, proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐related alterations of VKA maintenance dose requirements have been published. The present investigation aimed to test for an interaction profile of oral VKA‐therapy and PPIs in relation to the CYP2C9 genotype. Median weekly stable VKA dose requirements over 1 year were recorded in 69 patients. Patients were genotyped for CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, VKORC1c.‐1639G>A and VKORC1c.174‐136C>T and assessed for an association with PPI use and total VKA maintenance dose requirements. PPI users with CYP2C9 genetic variations required significantly lower weekly VKA maintenance doses than those with the wild‐type genotype (t‐test: P = 0·02). In contrast, in subjects without PPI use, the CYP2C9 genotype had no significant influence on oral VKA dose requirements. Further, the combined CYP2C9/VKORC1 genotype was a significant predictor for VKA dose requirements [linear regression: estimate: −1·47, standard error: 0·58 (P = 0·01)]. In conclusion, in carriers of CYP2C9 gene variations, the interference with the VKA metabolism is modified by PPI co‐medication and the VCKORC1 genotype. Preceding knowledge of the genetic profile and the awareness for potentially occurring severe over‐anticoagulation problems under PPI co‐medication could contribute to a safer and personalized VKA pharmacotherapy.
Occupations at risk of developing contact allergy to isothiazolinones in Danish contact dermatitis patients: results from a Danish multicentre study (2009–2012)
Authors: Schwensen Jakob F. , Menné Torkil , Andersen Klaus E. , Sommerlund Mette , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryBackgroundIn recent years, the prevalence of contact allergy to isothiazolinones has reached epidemic levels. Few studies have presented data on occupations at risk of developing contact allergy to isothiazolinones.ObjectivesTo present demographics and examine risk factors for sensitization to methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) in combination with MI and benzisothiazolinone (BIT) in Danish dermatitis patients.Materials and methodsA retrospective epidemiological analysis of data from three Danish hospitals departments was conducted. All patients consecutively patch tested with MI, MCI/MI and BIT between 2009 and 2013 were included.ResultsMI contact allergy showed a significantly increased trend in prevalence from 1.8% in 2009 to 4.2% in 2012 (p < 0.001). Females with facial dermatitis mainly drove the increase in 2012. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that MI sensitization was significantly associated with occupational exposures, hand and facial dermatitis, age > 40 years, and the occupational groups of tile setters/terrazzo workers, machine operators, and painters. MCI/MI contact allergy was significantly associated with the following high‐risk occupations: painting, welding (blacksmiths), machine operating, and cosmetology. The occupational group of painting was frequent in the group of patients with BIT contact allergy.ConclusionSeveral high‐risk occupations for sensitization to isothiazolinones exist. Regulation on the allowed concentration of isothiazolinones, and especially MI, in both consumer products and industrial products is needed.
De novo use of generic tacrolimus in liver transplantation – a single center experience with one‐yr follow‐up
Authors: Dannhorn E. , Cheung M. , Rodrigues S. , Cooper H. , Thorburn D. , Patch D. , Burroughs A.K. , O'Beirne J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUse of generic tacrolimus in liver transplantation (LT) could result in cost savings. Generic tacrolimus has been shown to be bioequivalent to innovator tacrolimus in healthy volunteers and renal transplant patients. There are limited data on the de novo use of generic tacrolimus in LT.This study aimed to determine whether the de novo use of generic tacrolimus (Adoport, Sandoz,UK) was associated with differences in outcomes, safety, and cost compared with innovator tacrolimus (Prograf, Astellas, Japan).MethodsPatients were studied before and after a programmatic change from de novo IS with Prograf to Adoport. Outcomes, tacrolimus levels, doses, and costs were compared for the first‐yr post‐LT.ResultsNinety‐four patients were studied, 46 Prograf, 48 Adoport. No significant differences in rejection, cytomegalovirus infection, acute kidney injury, sepsis, or graft loss were observed between groups. Tacrolimus costs were significantly reduced with the de novo use of Adoport. Day 14 dose normalized levels in Adoport patients showed significant variation but at the day 30 and one yr, there were no significant differences in the doses or levels of tacrolimus between groups.ConclusionsAdoport is safe and effective compared to Prograf when used de novo in LT patients. Tacrolimus costs were significantly reduced by the use of Adoport.
Adiponectin predicts MMP‐2 activity independently of obesity
Authors: Miksztowicz Verónica , Fernandez Machulsky Nahuel , Lucero Diego , Fassio Eduardo , Schreier Laura , Berg Gabriela 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, have been identified in atherosclerotic plaques and have been directly associated with plaque remodelling and vulnerability. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is related to insulin resistance (IR) and obesity, characterized by changes in plasma levels of inflammatory markers, such as adiponectin and C‐reactive protein (CRP). Our aim was to evaluate the impact of both proteins on MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 behaviour in individuals with IR.Materials and methodsPlasma MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 activity, adiponectin and hs‐CRP concentration and lipoprotein profile were determined in 52 patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and 27 controls.ResultsPatients with MS presented significantly higher MMP‐2 activity than controls: 0·95 ± 0·12 vs. 0·77 ± 0·15 relative units (RU) (P < 0·001), while MMP‐9 activity was not detectable. MMP‐2 activity decreased across quartiles of adiponectin, being significantly reduced in individuals with the highest levels of adiponectin in compared with the lowest levels (0·75 ± 0·17 vs. 0·93 ± 0·09 RU, P < 0·005). This difference persisted significant after adjusting by obesity markers. MMP‐2 activity was significantly increased in individuals with the highest levels (G3) compared with those with the lowest levels (G1) of hs‐CRP (0·94 ± 0·12 vs. 0·86 ± 0·12, P = 0·041)ConclusionIn this study, we observed that adiponectin levels predicted MMP‐2 plasma activity independently of obesity. This finding suggests that the inflammatory process, associated with the highest CVD risk, would be involved in MMPs vascular production.
Cryptic genetic variation uncovers evolution of environmentally sensitive parameters in Caenorhabditis vulval development
Authors: Grimbert Stéphanie , Braendle Christian 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYUnderstanding the robustness of developmental systems requires insights into the sensitivity of underlying molecular and cellular parameters to perturbations, and how such sensitivity evolves. We address these issues using vulval cell fate determination—a reproducible and robust patterning process regulated by a cross‐talk of EGF‐Ras‐MAPK and Delta‐Notch pathways. Although the final vulval cell fate pattern is identical in all Caenorhabditis species, the patterning process underlies extensive cryptic genetic variation between and within species. Here, we tested whether this cryptic genetic variation translates into variation in developmental sensitivity to environmental perturbations. We disrupted vulval patterning using thermal perturbations to quantify and compare environmental sensitivity of different system parameters between distinct genotypes of C. elegans and C. briggsae. Thermal perturbations globally debuffered vulval development, triggering diverse pattering variants, whose frequency and spectra were strongly species‐ and genotype‐dependent. This condition‐dependent variation indicates that environmental sensitivity of different system properties, such as vulval competence or vulval induction, is subject to evolutionary change. High temperature induced a genotype‐specific decrease of secondary fate induction and corresponding Notch pathway activity in the C. elegans N2 strain; in contrast, hypoinduction of the primary cell fate was never observed. Vulval precursor cells therefore differ in temperature sensitivity and such cell‐specific sensitivity shows evolutionary variation. We further compared spectra of temperature‐induced vulval variants to the ones induced by mutation accumulation in the same genotypes. In response to either perturbation, we observed similar genotype‐dependence of variant production, allowing identification of distinct system features most sensitive to both mutation and environment. Taken together, we show how sensitivity of system parameters regulating Caenorhabditis vulval development depends on subtle interactions between perturbations and genetic background. Our results imply that cryptic genetic variation may reflect evolutionary variation in developmental robustness, therefore potentially contributing to the maintenance of phenotypic precision when facing perturbations.
Variation in timing of ossification affects inferred heterochrony of cranial bones in Lissamphibia
Authors: Sheil Christopher A. , Jorgensen Michael , Tulenko Frank , Harrington Sean 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThe evolutionary origin of Lissamphibia likely involved heterochrony, as demonstrated by the biphasic lifestyles of most extant orders, differences between Anura (with tadpole‐to‐froglet metamorphosis) and Urodela (which lack strongly defined metamorphosis), and the appearance of direct development among separate lineages of frogs. Patterns in the timing of appearance of skeletal elements (i.e., ossification sequence data) represent a possible source of information for understanding the origin of Lissamphibia, and with the advent of analytical methods to directly optimize these data onto known phylogenies, there has been a renewed interest in assessing the role of changes in these developmental events. However, little attention has been given to the potential impact of variation in ossification sequence data—this is particularly surprising given that different criteria for collecting these data have been employed. Herein, new and previously published ossification data are compiled and all pairs of data for same‐species comparisons are selected. Analyses are run to assess the impact of using data that were collected by different methodologies: (1) wild‐ versus lab‐raised animals; (2) different criteria for recognizing timing of ossification; and (3) randomly selecting ossification sequences for species from which multiple studies have been published, but for which the data were collected by different criteria. Parsimov‐based genetic inference is utilized to map ossification sequence data onto an existing phylogeny to reconstruct ancestral sequences of ossification and infer instances of heterochrony. All analyses succeeded in optimizing sequence data on internal nodes and instances of heterochrony were identified. However, among all analyses little congruence was found in reconstructed ancestral sequences or among inferred instances of heterochrony. These results indicate a high degree of variation in timing of ossification, and suggest a cautionary note about use of these data, particularly given that in most instances issues associated with the original sources of data (e.g., wild‐ vs. lab‐raised animals; or criteria for identification of earliest ossification) are not addressed. Potential sources of variation in the original data are discussed and may explain the incongruence observed here.
Highly sensitive protein detection by combination of atomic force microscopy fishing with charge generation and mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Ivanov Yuri D. , Pleshakova Tatyana , Malsagova Krystina , Kozlov Andrey , Kaysheva Anna , Kopylov Arthur , Izotov Alexander , Andreeva Elena , Kanashenko Sergey , Usanov Sergey , Archakov Alexander 
Published: August 2014

An approach combining atomic force microscopy (AFM) fishing and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis to detect proteins at ultra‐low concentrations is proposed. Fishing out protein molecules onto a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface coated with polytetrafluoroethylene film was carried out with and without application of an external electric field. After that they were visualized by AFM and identified by MS. It was found that injection of solution leads to charge generation in the solution, and an electric potential within the measuring cell is induced. It was demonstrated that without an external electric field in the rapid injection input of diluted protein solution the fishing is efficient, as opposed to slow fluid input. The high sensitivity of this method was demonstrated by detection of human serum albumin and human cytochrome b5 in 10−17–10−18 m water solutions. It was shown that an external negative voltage applied to highly oriented pyrolytic graphite hinders the protein fishing. The efficiency of fishing with an external positive voltage was similar to that obtained without applying any voltage.
Mineral soil carbon pool responses to forest clearing in Northeastern hardwood forests
Authors: Petrenko Chelsea L. , Friedland Andrew J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHarvesting forests introduces substantial changes to the ecosystem, including physical and chemical alterations to the soil. In the Northeastern United States, soils account for at least 50% of total ecosystem C storage, with mineral soils comprising the majority of that storage. However, mineral soils are sometimes omitted from whole‐system C accounting models due to variability, lack of data, and sample collection challenges. This study aimed to provide a better understanding of how forest harvest affects mineral soil C pools over the century following disturbance. We hypothesized that mineral soil C pools would be lower in forests that had been harvested in the last one hundred years vs. forests that were >100 years old. We collected mineral soil cores (to 60 cm depth) from 20 forest stands across the Northeastern United States, representing seven geographic areas and a range of times since last harvest. We compared recently harvested forests to >100‐year‐old forests and used an information theoretic approach to model C pool dynamics over time after disturbance. We found no significant differences between soil C pools in >100‐year‐old and harvested forests. However, we found a significant negative relationship between time since forest harvest and the size of mineral soil C pools, which suggested a gradual decline in C pools across the region after harvesting. We found a positive trend between C : N ratio and % SOM in harvested forests, but in >100‐year‐old forests a weak negative trend was found. Our study suggests that forest harvest does cause biogeochemical changes in mineral soil, but that a small change in a C pool may be difficult to detect when comparing large, variable C pools. Our results are consistent with previous studies that found that soil C pools have a gradual and slow response to disturbance, which may last for several decades following harvest.
Knee flexion contracture in haemophilia: treatment with circular external fixator
Authors: Balci H. I. , Kocaoglu M. , Eralp L. , Bilen F. E. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryHaemophilia, a bleeding disorder, causes recurrent intra‐articular bleeding of the joints result‐ing in chronic haemophilic arthropathy with fixed knee flexion deformity. Mid‐long‐term results (between 2002 and 2006) of deformity correction in haemophilic patients with Ilizarov type circular external fixators were retrospectively evaluated. There were six patients (five haemophilia A and one haemophilia B). The mean age was 14.7 years (range, 8–22 years) at the time of initial surgery. The mean knee flexion contracture was 45 degrees (range, 30–75 degrees). The mean arc of motion was 58.3 degrees (range, 40–100) before the surgery. The mean duration of follow‐up was 8 years (range, 5.5–10 years). The mean duration of external fixation was 4.4 months (range, 2.5–10.5 months). Full extension of the knee joint was obtained in all patients in the early postoperative period. No bleeding, neurological or vascular complications were encountered. The mean amount of recurrence in knee flexion contracture was 10 degrees (range, 0–15 degrees). The amount of the correction was significant (P = 0.0012) and the mean arc of motion was 51.6 degrees (range, 25–90 degrees) that show a decrease of 6.7 degrees (P = 0.04) at the end of follow‐up. The circular external fixator is an important, safe and less invasive alternative surgical treatment modality with low recurrence rate. Using the external hinges and distraction during the correction has a protective effect on the joint. It requires a team‐work consisting of a haematologist, an orthopaedic surgeon and a physical therapist.
Community periodontal treatment needs in South Korea
Authors: Lee M‐Y , Chang S‐J , Kim C‐B , Chung W‐G , Choi E‐M , Kim N‐H 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the relationship between socio‐economic factors and community periodontal treatment needs in Korea.MethodsData were obtained from the year 2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Our analysis included 7510 survey participants over the age of 19 years. To assess the relationship between socio‐economic factors and the need for periodontal scaling, we performed multivariate logistic regression analyses for data with a complex sampling structure. PASW statistics 19.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to perform the statistical analyses, and the results were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA very high percentage of Korean adults required periodontal scaling (71.5%). After adjusting for sex, age, and socio‐economic factors, the need for periodontal scaling was associated with low levels of education (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03–1.93), low incomes (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01–1.60), employment as a service and sales worker (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.10–1.77), and employment as a manual worker (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.02–1.69).ConclusionsIn South Korea, the need for periodontal scaling was associated with socio‐economic factors, such as low levels of education, low incomes, employment as a service and sales worker and employment as a manual worker. Consequently, clinical and community dental hygienists should consider adults with these risk factors as belonging to high‐priority subgroups to whom they should respond first.
Addition of intrarectal local analgesia to periprostatic nerve block improves pain control for transrectal ultrasonography‐guided prostate biopsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jue , Wang Lei , Du Yiqing , He Dalin , Chen Xingfa , Li Lei , Nan Xunyi , Fan Jinhai 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined intrarectal local analgesia and periprostatic nerve block versus periprostatic nerve block alone for pain control during transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate biopsy.MethodsWe comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library trials. Studies comparing the two techniques were identified and pooled for cumulative analysis. The outcome measurements included visual pain scales of three consecutive procedures of transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate biopsy, as well as short‐term postoperative complication rates.ResultsThere were 18 studies that were finally eligible for the quantitative analysis involving 2076 participants. Combined modalities significantly reduced the pain associated with probe manipulation (weighted mean difference −2.06, 95% confidence interval −2.77 to −1.35, P < 0.001), anesthesia infiltration (weighted mean difference −1.45, 95% confidence interval −2.20 to −0.70, P < 0.001) and needle biopsy (weighted mean difference −0.55, 95% confidence interval −0.76 to −0.34, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses assessing different local analgesics showed that local anesthetics are generally more effective than myorelaxant and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Lidocaine‐prilocaine cream proved the most effective in pain control regardless of the origin of pain. No significant difference of short‐term postoperative complications (fever, dysuria, acute urinary retention, hematuria, hematospermia and rectal bleeding) was found between the two techniques. The only side‐effect associated with local analgesics was headache reported in studies using glyceryl trinitrate ointment.ConclusionsCombined modalities show better analgesic efficacy than periprostatic nerve block alone for transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate biopsy without increased morbidities. Among the various local analgesics, lidocaine‐prilocaine cream seems to offer the best overall efficacy.