bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of human chordoma cell-kill for 290 MeV/n carbon ions versus 70 MeV protons in vitro
Authors: Fujisawa Hiroshi , Genik Paula C , Kitamura Hisashi , Fujimori Akira , Uesaka Mitsuru , Kato Takamitsu A 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundWhile the pace of commissioning of new charged particle radiation therapy facilities is accelerating worldwide, biological data pertaining to chordomas, theoretically and clinically optimally suited targets for particle radiotherapy, are still lacking. In spite of the numerous clinical reports of successful treatment of these malignancies with this modality, the characterization of this malignancy remains hampered by its characteristic slow cell growth, particularlyin vitro.MethodsCellular lethality of U-CH1-N cells in response to different qualities of radiation was compared with immediate plating after radiation or as previously reported using the multilayered OptiCell™ system. The OptiCell™ system was used to evaluate cellular lethality over a broad dose-depth deposition range of particle radiation to anatomically mimic the clinical setting. Cells were irradiated with either 290 MeV/n accelerated carbon ions or 70 MeV accelerated protons and photons and evaluated through colony formation assays at a single position or at each depth, depending on the system.ResultsThere was a cell killing of approximately 20–40% for all radiation qualities in the OptiCell™ system in which chordoma cells are herein described as more radiation sensitive than regular colony formation assay. The relative biological effectiveness values were, however, similar in bothin vitrosystems for any given radiation quality. Relative biological effectiveness values of proton was 0.89, of 13–20 keV/μm carbon ions was 0.85, of 20–30 keV/μm carbon ions was 1.27, and >30 keV/μm carbon ions was 1.69. Carbon-ions killed cells depending on both the dose and the LET, while protons depended on the dose alone in the condition of our study. This is the first report and characterization of a direct comparison between the effects of charged particle carbon ions versus protons for a chordoma cell linein vitro.Our results support a potentially superior therapeutic value of carbon particle irradiation in chordoma patients.ConclusionCarbon ion therapy may have an advantage for chordoma radiotherapy because of higher cell-killing effect with high LET doses from biological observation in this study.
Are vector-borne pathogen co-infections complicating the clinical presentation in dogs?
Authors: De Tommasi Anna Sara , Otranto Domenico , Dantas-Torres Filipe , Capelli Gioia , Breitschwerdt Edward B , de Caprariis Donato 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundInfection by two or more canine vector-borne disease (CVBD)-causing pathogens is common in subtropical and tropical regions where vectors are plentiful. Co-infections may potentiate disease pathogenesis, thereby altering clinical manifestations typically associated with singular infections. These factors complicate diagnosis, treatment and can adversely influence prognosis if the practitioner fails to suspect, document, and treat each concurrent infection. The spectrum of pathogens co-infecting dogs may change over time in a given practice location due to the rapid expansion of arthropods and their associated vectored agents, and international transit among pets and wild animals. This applies, for example, toDirofilaria immitisandLeishmania infantum, the distributions of which have expanded from northern to southern Italy, and vice versa, respectively. Indeed, mixed infections byD. immitisandL. infantumhave only been reported once in Italy, probably due to the fact that competent vectors for these infections do not usually occur in the same geographical areas. Thus, information that would help practitioners to identify clinical presentations in dogs co-infected byD. immitisandL. infantumand other CVBD-causing pathogens is scant.FindingsThis manuscript describes the clinical history and physical examination of findings for 7 CVBD co-infected dogs that were examined because of a spectrum of clinical signs. Five dogs were co-infected withL. infantumandEhrlichia canis, one dog withL. infantum,E. canisandD. immitisand the remaining dog withL. infantumandD. immitis.ConclusionsThe clinical signs and haematological abnormalities associated with the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of these dogs is discussed. Also, the usefulness of bone marrow specimens for the molecular diagnosis of CVBDs and for the enhanced monitoring of treatment response is emphasized.
Ontology-Based Querying with Bio2RDF’s Linked Open Data
Authors: Callahan Alison , Cruz-Toledo José , Dumontier Michel 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
A key activity for life scientists in this post “-omics” age involves searching for and integrating biological data from a multitude of independent databases. However, our ability to find relevant data is hampered by non-standard web and database interfaces backed by an enormous variety of data formats. This heterogeneity presents an overwhelming barrier to the discovery and reuse of resources which have been developed at great public expense.To address this issue, the open-source Bio2RDF project promotes a simple convention to integrate diverse biological data using Semantic Web technologies. However, querying Bio2RDF remains difficult due to the lack of uniformity in the representation of Bio2RDF datasets.

Results
We describe an update to Bio2RDF that includes tighter integration across 19 new and updated RDF datasets. All available open-source scripts were first consolidated to a single GitHub repository and then redeveloped using a common API that generates normalized IRIs using a centralized dataset registry. We then mapped dataset specific types and relations to the Semanticscience Integrated Ontology (SIO) and demonstrate simplified federated queries across multiple Bio2RDF endpoints.

Conclusions
This coordinated release marks an important milestone for the Bio2RDF open source linked data framework. Principally, it improves the quality of linked data in the Bio2RDF network and makes it easier to access or recreate the linked data locally. We hope to continue improving the Bio2RDF network of linked data by identifying priority databases and increasing the vocabulary coverage to additional dataset vocabularies beyond SIO.
The Chern invariants for parabolic bundles at multiple points
Authors: Taher Chadi Hassan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
If D ⊂ X is a curve with multiple points in a surface, a parabolic bundle defined on (X;D) away from the singularities can be extended in several ways to a parabolic bundle on a resolution of singularities. We investigate the possible parabolic Chern classes for these extensions.
A product integral representation of mixed volumes of two convex bodies
Authors: Hug Daniel , Rataj Jan , Weil Wolfgang 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The Brunn-Minkowski theory in convex geometry relies heavily on the notion of mixed volumes. Despite its particular importance, even explicit representations for the mixed volumes of two convex bodies in Euclidean space ℝd are available only in special cases. Here we investigate a new integral representation of such mixed volumes, in terms of flag measures of the involved convex sets. A brief introduction to (extended) flag measures of convex bodies is also provided.
Review of up-to date digital cameras interfaces
Authors: Linkemann Joachim 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Over the past 15 years, various interfaces on digital industrial cameras have been available on the market. This tutorial will give an overview of interfaces such as LVDS (RS644), Channel Link and Camera Link. In addition, other interfaces such as FireWire, Gigabit Ethernet, and now USB 3.0 have become more popular. Owing to their ease of use, these interfaces cover most of the market. Nevertheless, for certain applications and especially for higher bandwidths, Camera Link and CoaXPress are very useful. This tutorial will give a description of the advantages and disadvantages, comment on bandwidths, and provide recommendations on when to use which interface.
Natura machinata: artifacts and nature as reciprocal models in Vitruvius
Authors: Roby Courtney 
Published: April 2013

Abstract The De architectura of Vitruvius represents architecture as a discipline blending elements of theory and practice, science and social utility, and Greek and Roman culture. His vision of architecture accordingly embraces both the natural and the artificial, emphasizing the connections between their governing principles rather than a polar or antagonistic opposition. He uses this connection to clarify and simplify his descriptions of both natural systems and mechanical artifacts, and to reinforce each body of knowledge using what is known from the other. The analogy between the natural and artificial appears as well in other ancient authors, but Vitruvius restructures this analogy in a distinctive way. His version is predicated on the careful observation of a specific set of mechanical artifacts, each chosen because it models some natural phenomenon particularly well. Artifacts that model natural phenomena, such as clocks and celestial models, help the user to visualize natural systems that may not be subject to direct sensory apprehension because of their great size. He insists that mechanical cleverness can elucidate the divinity within the principles of natural phenomena, which would otherwise remain hidden in the heavens. Vitruvius complements this type of modeling with a reciprocal version in which natural phenomena serve as models to shape technological works like theaters. Throughout the De architectura, Vitruvius proposes a variety of ways in which the natural and artificial can model one another. A material model may replicate the behavior of a natural system which is already known from observation; a material model may replicate unknown but hypothesized behavior of such a system; finally, a hypothesized material model may replicate the hypothesized behavior of a natural system through a kind of thought-experiment. Alternatively, the unknown behavior of one natural system may be hypothesized to resemble the behavior of another natural system known from observation, and this hypothesis applied to the design of man-made artifacts. From this viewpoint, describing technological artifacts and explaining the natural world are mutually reinforcing activities. So, in composing the De architectura, Vitruvius is not merely attempting to provide a picture of the state of the art of technology in his day, but is at the same time seeking to communicate a particular technologically-informed way of understanding natura itself.
Raf kinases in signal transduction and interaction with translation machinery
Authors: Migliaccio Nunzia , Sanges Carmen , Ruggiero Immacolata , Martucci Nicola M. , Rippa Emilia , Arcari Paolo , Lamberti Annalisa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn recent years, a large amount of evidence has given a central role to translational control in diseases such as cancer, tissue hypertrophy and neurodegeneration. Its deregulation can directly modulate cell cycling, transformation and survival response. The aim of this review is to describe the interaction between Raf activation and the main characters of the translational machinery, such as the elongation factor 1A (eEF1A), which has been recognized in recent years as one of the most interesting putative oncogenes. A particular emphasis is given to an intriguing non-canonical role that eEF1A can play in the relationship between the Ras→Raf-1→MEK1→ERK-1/2 and PI3K→Akt signaling pathways. Recently, our group has described a C-Raf kinase-mediated phosphorylation of eEF1A triggered by a survival pathway induced upon interferon alpha (IFNα) treatment in the human epidermoid cancer cell line (H1355). This phosphorylation seems to be the center of the survival pathway that counteracts the well-known pro-apoptotic function of IFNα. Furthermore, we have identified two new phosphorylation sites on eEF1A (Ser21 and Thr88) that are substrates for Raf kinases in vitro and, likely, in vivo as well. These residues seem to have a significant functional role in the control of cellular processes, such as cell proliferation and survival. In fact, overexpression of eEF1A2 in gemcitabine-treated cancer cells caused the upregulation of phosphoAkt and an increase in cell viability, thereby suggesting that eEF1A2 could exert its oncogenic behavior by participating in the regulation of PI3K pathway.
Ultraviolet radiation modulates the physiological responses of the calcified rhodophyte Corallina officinalis to elevated CO2
Authors: Yildiz Gamze , Hofmann Laurie C. , Bischof Kai , Dere Şükran 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Ocean acidification reduces the concentration of carbonate ions and increases those of bicarbonate ions in seawater compared with the present oceanic conditions. This altered composition of inorganic carbon species may, by interacting with ultraviolet radiation (UVR), affect the physiology of macroalgal species. However, very little is known about how calcareous algae respond to UVR and ocean acidification. Therefore, we conducted an experiment to determine the effects of UVR and ocean acidification on the calcified rhodophyte Corallina officinalis using CO2-enriched cultures with and without UVR exposure. Low pH increased the relative electron transport rates (rETR) but decreased the CaCO3 content and had a miniscule effect on growth. However, UVA (4.25 W m-2) and a moderate level of UVB (0.5 W m-2) increased the rETR and growth rates in C. officinalis, and there was a significant interactive effect of pH and UVR on UVR-absorbing compound concentrations. Thus, at low irradiance, pH and UVR interact in a way that affects the multiple physiological responses of C. officinalis differently. In particular, changes in the skeletal content induced by low pH may affect how C. officinalis absorbs and uses light. Therefore, the light quality used in ocean acidification experiments will affect the predictions of how calcified macroalgae will respond to elevated CO2.
The role of transcription factors in laboratory medicine
Authors: Kontos Christos K. , Scorilas Andreas , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Accumulating genetic and epigenetic modifications lead to alterations in gene expression, resulting in dysregulation of cellular homeostasis. The transcriptional machinery comprises many factors that cooperate to modulate gene expression. “Crosstalk” between DNA-bound transcription factors may have synergistic or antagonistic effects on the rate of transcription. The aberrant expression of several transcription regulators in the vast majority of pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases and various malignancies, as well as their involvement in many cancer-related processes such as cell growth regulation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis, renders transcription factors very appealing as potential molecular biomarkers and as candidates for targeted therapy. In the present mini-review, we provide a brief overview of the transcriptional machinery and summarize current knowledge regarding the implication of key transcription factors such as AP-1, NF-κB, STATs, HOX proteins, and histone modifiers, in human diseases, with emphasis on cancer.
Dimension of elementary amenable groups
Authors: Bridson Martin R. , Kropholler Peter H. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This paper has three parts. It is conjectured that for every elementary amenable group G and every non-zero commutative ring k,
the homological dimension hd
k
(G) is equal to the Hirsch length h(G) whenever G has no k-torsion. In Part I this conjecture is proved for several classes, including the abelian-by-polycyclic groups. In Part II it is shown that the elementary amenable groups of homological dimension one are colimits of systems of groups of cohomological dimension one. In Part III the deep problem of calculating the cohomological dimension of elementary amenable groups is tackled with particular emphasis on the nilpotent-by-polycyclic case, where a complete answer is obtained over ℚ for countable groups.
Fluorescence spectroscopic study for competitive binding of antidiabetic drugs and endogenous substances on serum albumin
Authors: Seedher Neelam , Kanojia Mamta 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background: The hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic drugs varies with change in the level of endogenous substances in the body in diseased states largely due to alteration in drug-serum albumin binding affinity. The aim of the present study was to understand and quantify this effect.

Methods: Quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of human serum albumin was used to monitor the competitive binding of antidiabetic drugs (gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide and repaglinide) and bilirubin/hemin/chloride ions.

Results and conclusions: Bilirubin and hemin were bound at site I and site II in human serum albumin with association constants of the order of 105. The presence of bilirubin decreased the binding affinity of all the antidiabetic drugs. In the presence of hemin, the binding of gliclazide and glimepiride increased significantly, whereas that of glipizide and repaglinide decreased. The presence of chloride ions decreased the association constants of all drugs except glimepiride. More than 20% increase in the percentage of free drug was observed for gliclazide in the presence of bilirubin and for repaglinide in the presence of bilirubin and hemin. A large decrease was also observed in the percentage of free gliclazide in the presence of hemin, and free glimepiride in the presence of hemin and chloride ions. Competitive binding mechanism has also been proposed. Significant changes (increase/decrease) in the availability of free pharmacologically active antidiabetic drugs, observed in some cases, can result in fluctuations in the blood glucose level of diabetic patients. The effect, which varied with the nature of the drug and the competing substance, was relatively large for gliclazide and repaglinide compared to other drugs.
Quantifying the Value of Personalized Medicines: Evidence from COX-2 Inhibitors
Authors: Sood Neeraj , Philipson Tomas J. , Huckfeldt Peter 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
We develop a conceptual framework for estimating the value of personalized medicines. We show that personalizing medicines generates value from two sources. The first is a market-expansion effect by persons who initiate treatment due to reduced pre-treatment uncertainty about the effectiveness or side effects of treatment. The second is a market-contraction effect due to discontinuation of treatment by persons unresponsive to treatment. We apply the conceptual framework to evaluate the value of a predictive test to assess whether patients are at elevated risk for cardiac complications from COX-2 inhibitors. We find that this predictive test would yield an overall value to patients of about $16 billion per year or $1284 per likely patient.
Unramified representations of the universal central extension of SL2(𝔽
q
((z)))
Authors: Rose Andrew J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In this paper we are interested in investigating the principal series representations of a certain rank 2 Kac–Moody group. This group (denoted by

SL
˜

2

(

𝔽
q

(

(
z
)

)

)

${\protect \widetilde{{\rm SL}}_2(\mathbb {F}_q((z)))}$

) is introduced as a central extension by

𝔽
q
*

${\mathbb {F}_q^*}$

of the group of two-by-two unimodular matrices over the non-archimedean local field,

𝔽
q

(

(
z
)

)

${\mathbb {F}_q((z))}$

. We begin by determining a formula for a cocycle that defines this central extension. This is used to classify all irreducible representations of the centrally extended torus inside

SL
˜

2

(

𝔽
q

(

(
z
)

)

)

${\protect \widetilde{{\rm SL}}_2(\mathbb {F}_q((z)))}$

and, as a consequence of this classification, we are able to determine the irreducible unramified principal series representations of

SL
˜

2

(

𝔽
q

(

(
z
)

)

)

${\protect \widetilde{{\rm SL}}_2(\mathbb {F}_q((z)))}$

.
Storage-induced emissions from different wood species
Authors: Paczkowski Sebastian , Kraft Redelf , Kharazipour Alireza 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In this study, the extractive contents and the storage-induced emissions from chips of Salix alba, Betula pendula, Populus tremula, and Alnus glutinosa are compared with emissions from Pinus sylvestris chips. Soxhlet extraction was performed, and carbon monoxide (CO) and O2 concentration in the gas phase as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of volatile organic compounds were analyzed. Pinus sylvestris showed the highest extractive content in the petrol ether fraction and emitted CO in the highest concentration. Salix alba, B. pendula, P. tremula, and A. glutinosa have lower extractive contents in the petrol ether fraction and the CO concentrations decreased in the headspace accordingly. The emission of aldehydes was lower in the case of woods with lower petrol ether contents (P. sylvestris, S. alba, and B. pendula), but the situation was not as clear for P. tremula and A. glutinosa. The origin of CO and aldehyde emissions is discussed in view of the possible oxidative degradation processes of lipids and terpenes.
On the Dynamic Strain Aging Effects during Elevated Temperature Ratcheting of Type 316LN Stainless Steel
Authors: Sarkar Aritra , Nagesha A. , Sandhya R. , Mathew M.D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRatcheting experiments were carried out on type 316LN stainless steel (SS) at different temperatures in the range, 300–923 K using different mean stress (σm) – stress amplitude (σa) combinations. Occurrence of dynamic strain aging (DSA) in the intermediate temperature range led to an anomalous temperature dependence of ratcheting strain accumulation. While the peak DSA temperature was found to be 823 K for all mean stress-stress amplitude combinations, the temperature regime of occurrence of DSA was found to depend on the σm–σa combinations used.