bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic Effects of Polyhexanide on Cellular Repopulation and Calcification of Decellularized Equine Carotids in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Böer Ulrike , Spengler Claas , Klingenberg Melanie , Jonigk Danny , Harder Michael , Kreipe Hans-Heinrich , Haverich Axel , Wilhelmi Mathias 
Published: February 2013

Purpose Disinfection of biological implants is indispensable for clinical safety. Here, decellularized equine carotid arteries (dECAs) were disinfected by polyhexanide (PHX), an effective, well-tolerated and nontoxic wound disinfectant and evaluated as vascular grafts for their repopulation and local biocompatibility in vivo. Methods dECAs were terminally disinfected by a combination of 0.1% PHX and 70% ethanol (dECA_PHX-ET) or exclusively ethanol (dECA-ET) and subsequently implanted as arteriovenous shunts in sheep for 14 weeks. Repopulation was determined by immunohistochemistry for endothelial- (ECs) or smooth muscle cells (SMCs) using antibodies against CD31 and smooth muscle actin. Histological evaluation was performed on HE-stained sections. Cytotoxicity of dECAs was measured directly by seeding the scaffolds with L-929 fibroblasts, which were visualized by calcein staining. Indirect cytotoxicity was determined by WST-8 viability assay by incubation of L-929 with dECA extracts. Results dECA_PHX-ET completely lacked repopulation with ECs and SMCs, showed leukocyte infiltration, strong calcification and poor neovascularization indicating insufficient biocompatibility and inflammatory graft degeneration. PHX-treatment reduced cell viability to 33.2 ± 12.6% and disturbed cell growth at direct contact. In contrast, dECA_ET had no direct cytotoxic effect and only slightly influenced cell viability (82.9 ± 12.5%), showed a substantial repopulation by ECs and SMCs including neovascularization, and were only slightly calcified. Conclusion The disinfectant polyhexanide seems to exert severe cytotoxic effects when used for the processing of decellularized matrices and may result in degenerative graft deterioration. In contrast, dECAs exclusively disinfected with ethanol were well integrated. Thus, ethanol seems to be a more suitable tool for graft processing than polyhexanide.
Cryptic 7q36.2q36.3 deletion causes multiple congenital eye anomalies and craniofacial dysmorphism
Authors: Beleza‐Meireles Ana , Matoso Eunice , Ramos Lina , Melo Joana B. , Carreira Isabel M. , Silva Eduardo D. , Saraiva Jorge M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA patient with a de novo cryptic 7q36.2q36.3 deletion presented with multiple congenital eye abnormalities, short stature and craniofacial dysmorphism, in the absence of intellectual disability. This report further delineates the 7q36 microdeletion syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Severe osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis in a female case with whole WTX gene deletion
Authors: Herman Sean B. , Holman Sarah K. , Robertson Stephen P. , Davidson Lynn , Taragin Benjamin , Samanich Joy 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOsteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OSCS) is caused by truncating mutations or deletions in the X linked gene, WTX, and is characterized by sclerotic striations of the metaphyses and diaphyses of long bones, pelvis, and scapula, along with craniofacial hyperostosis. Females typically manifest with craniofacial dysmorphisms including macrocephaly, hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge, and hypoplastic maxilla, often have cleft palate, and less often extra skeletal anomalies. Here we report on a sporadic female patient with OSCS born at 33 weeks, with coarse facies, an abnormal head shape, cleft palate, pyloric stenosis, a small VSD, and laryngotracheomalacia sufficiently severe to require tracheostomy placement. Characteristic radiologic findings were apparent on skeletal survey and cranial CT. At age 5, she showed mild delays in neurodevelopmental milestones. A deletion of WTX and the adjacent gene ASB12 was detected via MLPA and there was no skewing of the X‐chromosome inactivation pattern (58:42). Neurodevelopmental delays can manifest in females with OSCS and deletions at the WTX locus, but deletion of the ASB12 gene in this case suggests it is unlikely to contribute to the pathogenesis of this complication. Implication of ASB12 in the patient's other unique features such as laryngotracheomalacia and pyloric stenosis is also unlikely. This case illustrates an early presentation of severe OSCS in a female without skewing of the X‐chromosome inactivation pattern, emphasizing the variable expressivity of this disorder. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spectrum of mutations that cause distal arthrogryposis types 1 and 2B
Authors: Beck Anita E. , McMillin Margaret J. , Gildersleeve Heidi I.S. , Kezele Phillip R. , Shively Kathryn M. , Carey John C. , Regnier Michael , Bamshad Michael J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe distal arthrogryposis (DA) syndromes are a group of disorders characterized by non‐progressive congenital contractures of the limbs. Mutations that cause distal arthrogryposis syndromes have been reported in six genes, each of which encodes a component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal myofibers. However, these reports have usually emanated from gene discovery efforts and thus potentially bias estimates of the frequency of pathogenic mutations at each locus. We characterized the spectrum of pathogenic variants in a cohort of 153 cases of DA1 (n = 48) and DA2B (n = 105). Disease‐causing mutations in 56/153 (37%) kindreds including 14/48 (29%) with DA1 and 42/105 (40%) with DA2B were distributed nearly equally across TNNI2, TNNT3, TPM2, and MYH3. In TNNI2, TNNT3, and TPM2 the same mutation caused DA1 in some families and DA2B in others. We found no significant differences among the clinical characteristics of DA by locus or between each locus and DA1 or DA2B. Collectively, the substantial overlap between phenotypic characteristics and spectrum of mutations suggests that DA1 and DA2B should be considered phenotypic extremes of the same disorder. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Schiffsbohrmuscheln auf dem Vormarsch?
Authors: Lippert Heike , Weigelt Ronny , Bastrop Ralf , Bugenhagen Michael , Karsten Ulf 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDie Schiffsbohrmuschel (Teredo navalis) bohrt sich zerstörerisch durch nahezu alle Hölzer im marinen Bereich und richtet dabei massive Schäden an. Bereits die frühen Seefahrer fürchteten dieses Tier, weil es ihnen die hölzernen Schiffe unter den Füßen zerfallen ließ und auch heute noch verursacht die Schiffsbohrmuschel an hölzernen Küstenschutz‐ und Hafenbauwerken hohe Instandhaltungskosten. Wissenschaftlern und Küstenschutzverantwortlichen gibt sie immer wieder Rätsel auf. Unter anderem ist noch immer unklar, woher die Schiffsbohrmuschel ursprünglich stammt. In der Ostsee, wo hölzerne Küstenschutzbauwerke weit verbreitet sind, gilt Teredo navalis zudem als invasive Art. Bisher wird ein Vordringen in die Gebiete östlich von Hiddensee durch den geringen Salzgehalt der Ostsee begrenzt. Von großem Interesse ist daher die Frage, wie sich Teredo navalis unter dem Einfluss des Klimawandels verhalten wird.
Farne brauchen keine Hilfe gegen Schädlinge
Authors: Brennicke Axel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFarne werden kaum von Insekten angenagt. Blütenpflanzen dagegen sind ständig in Gefahr, gefressen zu werden. Zur Verteidigung rufen Bäume und Kräuter oft um Hilfe, indem sie chemische Signale an die Feinde ihrer Angreifer senden. Eine neue Untersuchung zeigt, dass Farne diese Signalstoffe zwar synthetisieren können, aber nicht als Hilferufe benutzen. Offensichtlich reicht ihr eigenes Arsenal an Giften bequem aus, um potenzielle Fresser wirksam abzuschrecken.
Nisthilfen erwünscht: Einblicke in das Leben der Wildbienen
Authors: Petrischak Hannes 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn Deutschland leben über 550 Wildbienen‐Arten. Durch ein vielfältiges Angebot an Blüten und Nistplätzen kann die Ansiedlung zahlreicher Wildbienen im Garten leicht gefördert werden. Von den ersten Frühlingstagen an können dann faszinierende Beobachtungen zum Verhalten und zur Ökologie dieser interessanten Tiere gelingen.
Developing a Culture of Transfer and Student Success in Arizona
Authors: Harper‐Marinick Maria , Swarthout Jeanne 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the transfer model in Arizona, including the Arizona General Education Curriculum (AGEC), transfer associate degrees, and a shared course numbering system. It highlights the importance of collaborations between the community colleges and universities, and among public institutions of higher education and the K–12 system.
Stress system development from age 4.5 to 6: Family environment predictors and adjustment implications of HPA activity stability versus change
Authors: Laurent Heidemarie K. , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Natsuaki Misaki N. , Shaw Daniel S. , Fisher Philip A. , Reiss David , Leve Leslie D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study addressed early calibration of stress systems by testing links between adversity exposures, developmental stability of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity, and behavior problems in a sample of adopted children. Families (n = 200) were assessed when the child was 9, 18, and 27 months, 4.5 and 6 years to collect adversity information—parent psychopathology, stress, financial need, and home chaos. Morning and evening cortisol samples at the final two assessments indexed child HPA activity, and parent‐reported internalizing and externalizing at the final assessment represented child behavior outcomes. Increases in cumulative adversity from 4.5 to 6 related to higher child morning cortisol, whereas age six cumulative adversities related to lower, unstable child evening cortisol. Examination of specific adversity dimensions revealed associations between (1) increasing home chaos and stable morning cortisol, which in turn related to internalizing problems; and (2) high parental stress and psychopathology and lower, unstable evening cortisol, which in turn related to externalizing problems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 340–354, 2014.
Cyclopalladated 3,5‐Disubstituted 2‐(2′‐Pyridyl)pyrroles Complexed to 8‐Hydroxyquinoline or 4‐Hydroxyacridine
Authors: Mastropietro Teresa F. , Szerb Elisabeta I. , La Deda Massimo , Crispini Alessandra , Ghedini Mauro , Aiello Iolinda 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFour new complexes of general formula [(La)Pd(Qui)] (1), [(Lb)Pd(Acr)] (2), [(La)Pd(Acr)] (3) and [(Lb)Pd(Acr)] (4) containing methyl (1, 3) or phenyl (2, 4) 3,5‐disubstituted chelated 2‐(2′‐pyridyl)pyrrole ligands (HLa,b) have been synthesized and characterized. For comparative purposes, the analogous 2‐phenylpyridine (HLc) derivatives, [(Lc)Pd(Qui)] (5) and [(Lc)Pd(Acr)] (6), have also been prepared. Mild synthetic conditions and reduced reaction times can be employed with HLa,b ligands to obtain the products in good yields, proving the higher reactivity of HLa,b compared with HLc in cyclopalladation. Depending on the relative dispositions of the NN/NO (1–4) or CN/NO (5 and 6) chelating rings, all the complexes can in principle exist as two isomers. However, in each case, only one isomer was observed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structures of 1, 4, and 5 reveal the presence of different isomers for different complexes, depending on both the cyclometallating and ancillary ligands. The structures of 1–6 allowed us to hypothesize that the ancillary ligand may play a predominant role in the formation of the trans/cis isomers in these systems and that the pyridylpyrrole definitely produces opposite outcomes compared with the 2‐phenylpyridine ligand. Finally, the photophysical properties of 1–4 were studied in solution. Although 5 and 6 are emissive, no emission was detected for 1–4 under the same conditions, the emission quenching being most likely caused by the thermal deactivating path of the lowest excited state, which results from a combination of the pyridylpyrrole‐localized state with that localized on the NO ligand.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Dehydration Analysis of Uranyl Zinc Mellitate, (UO2)Zn(H2O)4(H2mel)·2H2O
Authors: Olchowka Jakub , Volkringer Christophe , Henry Natacha , Loiseau Thierry 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new heterometallic uranyl zinc carboxylate, (UO2)Zn(H2O)4(H2mel)·2H2O, has been hydrothermally prepared (150 °C, 24 h) by using 1,2,3,4,5,6‐benzenehexacarboxylic acid (mellitic acid) as organic linker in order to form a three‐dimensional network. Four of the six carboxylate groups of the mellitate ligand interact with mononuclear uranyl or zinc cations, which are eightfold (hexagonal bipyramid, UO8) or sixfold [octahedron, ZnO2(H2O)4] coordinated, respectively. The remaining free carboxylate arms of the mellitate species preferentially interact through hydrogen bonds with water molecules trapped within the framework. Thermogravimetric and X‐ray thermodiffraction (up to 800 °C) analyses and in situ infrared spectroscopy (up to 210 °C) indicated that both free and bound water species are evacuated from the structure in one step between 80 and 170 °C, followed by its transformation into an unknown, anhydrous, poorly crystalline phase [UO2Zn(mel)] up to 320 °C. After the formation of an amorphous phase, the re‐crystallization of oxides α‐ZnU3O10 and ZnO was observed from 460 °C. The fluorescence spectrum of the as‐synthesized uranyl zinc mellitate shows the six bands that are typical for vibronic couplings of the [O=U=O]2+ moiety.
Synthesis of Alkynylated Selenophenes by Site‐Selective Sonogashira Reactions of Tetrabromoselenophene
Authors: Ehlers Peter , Dang Tung T. , Patonay Tamás , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMono‐, di‐, and tetraalkynylated selenophenes were prepared by site‐selective Sonogashira reactions of tetrabromoselenophene. Aryl‐, alkyl‐, and trimethylsilylacetylenes were suitable substrates for this procedure. The first attack occurred regioselectively at C‐2 and C‐5. In addition, differently diarylated dialkynylselenophenes were prepared using site‐selective Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions.
ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COPPER AND SELENIUM COMBINED POLLUTION ON SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN PLANTED AND UNPLANTED SOILS
Authors: Hu Bin , Liang Dongli , Liu Juanjuan , Xie Junyu 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The present study explored the joint effects of Cu and Se pollution mechanisms on soil enzymes to provide references for the phytoremediation of contaminated areas and agricultural environmental protection. Pot experiments and laboratory analyses were carried out to study the individual and combined influences of Cu and Se on soil enzyme activities. The activities of four soil enzymes (urease, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and nitrate reductase) were chosen. All soil enzyme activities tested were inhibited by Cu and Se pollution, either individually or combined, in varying degrees, following the order nitrate reductase &gt; urease &gt; catalase &gt; alkaline phosphatase. Growing plants stimulated soil enzyme activity in a similar trend compared with treatments without plants. The joint effects of Cu and Se on catalase activity showed synergism at low concentrations and antagonism at high concentrations, whereas the opposite was observed for urease activity. However, nitrate reductase activity showed synergism both with and without plant treatments. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of exchangeable fractions had a similar trend with the EC50 of total content and was lower than that of total content. The EC50 values of nitrate reductase and urease activities were significantly lower for both Se and Cu (p &lt; 0.05), which indicated that they were more sensitive than the other two enzymes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:1109–1116. © 2013 SETAC
EFFECT OF C60 FULLERENES ON THE ACCUMULATION OF WEATHERED p,p′-DDE BY PLANT AND EARTHWORM SPECIES UNDER SINGLE AND MULTISPECIES CONDITIONS
Authors: Kelsey Jason W. , White Jason C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The use of engineered nanomaterials has increased dramatically in recent years, but an understanding of nanomaterial fate and effects in the environment is lacking. In particular, the interaction of nanomaterials with coexisting organic contaminants and the subsequent implications for sensitive biota is almost completely unknown. Here, the effect of C60 fullerenes on the accumulation of weathered dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE; DDT metabolite) by Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) and Eisenia fetida (earthworm) was determined under single and multispecies conditions. The plants, in the presence or absence of earthworms, were grown in soil containing weathered DDE (200 ng/g) and 0 or 1,670 mg/kg C60 fullerenes. Plants and earthworms were added either simultaneously or sequentially (earthworms after plants). Neither DDE nor C60 had an impact on survival or biomass of plants and earthworms, although fullerenes significantly decreased (29.6–39.0%) the relative root mass. Under single or multispecies conditions, C60 had little impact on DDE bioaccumulation by either species. The DDE concentrations in non–fullerene-exposed shoots, roots, and earthworms were 181, 7,400, and 8,230 ng/g, respectively. On fullerene exposure, the DDE content was nonsignificantly lower at 163, 7280, and 7540 ng/g, respectively. In the presence of the earthworms, C60 significantly decreased the shoot DDE content (28.6%), but no impact on root concentrations was observed. Root DDE content was unaffected by the presence of fullerenes and decreased by 21.6 to 37.5% during coexposure with earthworms. Earthworm DDE content was decreased by plant presence. Earthworms added to soils after plant harvest accumulated more DDE but were unaffected by the C60 exposure. Additional work is necessary, but these findings suggest that fullerenes may have minimal impact on the bioaccumulation of weathered cocontaminants in soil. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:1117–1123. © 2013 SETAC
SOLUBLE METAL POOL AS AFFECTED BY SOIL ADDITION WITH ORGANIC INPUTS
Authors: Hernandez-Soriano Maria C. , Peña Aránzazu , Mingorance Maria Dolores 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The potential impact of diverse inputs of organic matter (hay, maize straw, and peat) on the mobility and bioavailability of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn was examined at laboratory scale for three soils with contrasting properties and for two moisture regimes: field capacity and saturated conditions. Soil solution was characterized for total soluble metals, dissolved soil organic carbon, and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm. Speciation analyses were performed with WHAM VI. For field capacity conditions, metal mobility increased (Pb &gt; Cu &gt; Zn &gt; Cd) for all soils and treatments compared with controls and was significantly correlated (p &lt; 0.05) with dissolved organic matter (r = 0.540). Solubilization of organic matter was mostly driven by Al mobilization (r = 0.580, p &lt; 0.05) and variations in solution pH. The bioavailable pool of metals, estimated as free ion activities, decreased with the increasing occurrence of metal–organic matter complexes, which was accompanied by an increase in solution of highly aromatic organic matter. Soil saturation generally decreased metal mobility and the ratio of metal–organo matter complexes in solution. Consistently, such effects were accompanied by a decrease in the solubilization of organic matter and lower mobilization of Al, Fe, and Mn. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1027–1032. © 2013 SETAC
Hydrological evaluation of the LPX dynamic global vegetation model for small river catchments in the UK
Authors: Ukkola A. M. , Murray S. J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAssessments of water resources by using macro‐scale models tend to be conducted at the continental or large catchment scale. However, security of freshwater supplies is a local issue and thus necessitates study at such a scale. This research aims to evaluate the suitability of the Land Processes and eXchanges dynamic global vegetation model (LPX‐DGVM) for simulating runoff for small catchments in the UK. Simulated annual and monthly runoff is compared against the National River Flow Archive streamflow observations from 12 catchments of varying size (500–10 000 km2) and climate regimes.Results show that LPX reproduces observed inter‐annual and intra‐annual runoff variability successfully in terms of both flow timings and magnitudes. Inter‐annual variability in flow timings is simulated particularly well (as indicated by Willmott's index of agreement values of ≥0.7 for the majority of catchments), whereas runoff magnitudes are generally slightly overestimated. In the densely populated Thames catchment, these overestimations are partly accounted for by water consumption. Seasonal variability in runoff is also modelled well, as shown by Willmott's index of agreement values of ≥0.9 for all but one catchment. Absence of river routing and storage from the model, in addition to precipitation uncertainties, is also suggested as contributing to simulated runoff discrepancies.Overall, the results show that the LPX‐DGVM can successfully simulate runoff processes for small catchments in the UK. This study offers promising insights into the use of global‐scale models and datasets for local‐scale studies of water resources, with the eventual aim of providing local‐scale projections of future water distributions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The control of brain mitochondrial energization by cytosolic calcium: The mitochondrial gas pedal
Authors: Gellerich Frank Norbert , Gizatullina Zemfira , Gainutdinov Timur , Muth Katharina , Seppet Enn , Orynbayeva Zulfiya , Vielhaber Stefan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis review focuses on problems of the intracellular regulation of mitochondrial function in the brain via the (i) supply of mitochondria with ADP by means of ADP shuttles and channels and (ii) the Ca2+ control of mitochondrial substrate supply. The permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane for adenine nucleotides is low. Therefore rate dependent concentration gradients exist between the mitochondrial intermembrane space and the cytosol. The existence of dynamic ADP gradients is an important precondition for the functioning of ADP shuttles, for example CrP‐shuttle. Cr at mM concentrations instead of ADP diffuses from the cytosol through the porin pores into the intermembrane space. The CrP‐shuttle isoenzymes work in different directions which requires different metabolite concentrations mainly caused by dynamic ADP compartmentation. The ADP shuttle mechanisms alone cannot explain the load dependent changes in mitochondrial energization, and a complete model of mitochondrial regulation have to account the Ca2+‐dependent substrate supply too. According to the old paradigmatic view, Ca2+cyt taken up by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter activates dehydrogenases within the matrix. However, recently it was found that Ca2+cyt at low nM concentrations exclusively activates the state 3 respiration via aralar, the mitochondrial glutamate/aspartate carrier. At higher Ca2+cyt (> 500 nM), brain mitochondria take up Ca2+ for activation of substrate oxidation rates. Since brain mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation is only slightly influenced by Ca2+cyt, it was proposed that the cytosolic formation of pyruvate from its precursors is tightly controlled by the Ca2+dependent malate/aspartate shuttle. At low (50–100 nM) Ca2+cyt the pyruvate formation is suppressed, providing a substrate limitation control in neurons. This so called “gas pedal” mechanism explains why the energy metabolism of neurons in the nucleus suprachiasmaticus could be down‐regulated at night but activated at day as a basis for the circadian changes in Ca2+cyt. It also could explain the energetic disadvantages caused by altered Ca2+cyt at mitochondrial diseases and neurodegeneration. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(3):180–190, 2013