bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a quality improvement initiative to reduce daily chest radiographs in the intensive care unit
Authors: Sy Eric , Luong Michael , Quon Michael , Kim Young , Sharifi Sadra , Norena Monica , Wong Hubert , Ayas Najib , Leipsic Jonathon , Dodek Peter 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo reduce the number of routine chest radiographs (CXRs) done in a tertiary care intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsUsing a quality improvement approach, we measured the number of CXRs done per patient-day before (15 June 2010–15 June 2011) and after (15 June 2011–15 June 2012) a multipronged intervention in a 15-bed medical–surgical ICU in a 350-bed tertiary care teaching hospital. We studied a total of 1492 patients who were admitted to this ICU—738 patients during the preintervention period and 754 patients during the postintervention period. Interventions were education for the ICU house staff, developing indications for routine CXRs on the computer order-entry system, and visual posters/signage to remind ICU staff that there were no indications for routine, daily CXRs. The primary outcome was the number of CXRs per patient-day, but we also measured CTs of the chest, mechanical ventilator days, length of ICU stay and ICU and hospital mortality.ResultsThere were 0.73 CXRs per patient-day done during the preintervention period and 0.54 CXRs per patient-day done during the postintervention period, a 26% reduction. There were no differences between the periods in age, sex or severity of illness (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score) of the patients, number of chest CTs, mechanical ventilator days, length of ICU stay and ICU or hospital mortality.ConclusionsA quality improvement that includes education, reminders of appropriate indications and computerised decision support can decrease the number of routine CXRs in an ICU.
Probing Higgs boson CP properties with tt̄H at the LHC and the 100 TeV pp collider
Authors: He Xiao-Gang , Li Guan-Nan , Zheng Ya-Juan 
Published: September 2015

The Higgs boson [Formula: see text] has the largest coupling to the top quark [Formula: see text] among the standard model (SM) fermions. This is one of the ideal places to investigate new physics beyond SM. In this work, we study the potential of determining Higgs boson [Formula: see text] properties at the LHC and future 33 TeV and 100 TeV [Formula: see text] colliders by analyzing various operators formed from final states variables in [Formula: see text] production. The discrimination power from SM coupling is obtained with Higgs boson reconstructed from [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We find that [Formula: see text] process can provide more than [Formula: see text] discrimination power with [Formula: see text] integrated luminosity in a wide range of allowed Higgs to top couplings for the LHC, the 33 TeV and 100 TeV colliders. For [Formula: see text] the discrimination power will be below [Formula: see text] at the LHC, while for 33 TeV and 100 TeV colliders, more than [Formula: see text] sensitivity can be reached.
Inhibition of ABCB1 Overcomes Cancer Stem Cell–like Properties and Acquired Resistance to MET Inhibitors in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sugano Teppei , Seike Masahiro , Noro Rintaro , Soeno Chie , Chiba Mika , Zou Fenfei , Nakamichi Shinji , Nishijima Nobuhiko , Matsumoto Masaru , Miyanaga Akihiko , Kubota Kaoru , Gemma Akihiko 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) EGFR mutations have shown a dramatic response to EGFR inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). EGFR T790M mutation and MET amplification have been recognized as major mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI. Therefore, MET inhibitors have recently been used in NSCLC patients in clinical trials. In this study, we tried to identify the mechanism of acquired resistance to MET inhibitors. We analyzed the antitumor effects of two MET inhibitors, PHA-665752 and crizotinib, in 10 NSCLC cell lines. EBC-1 cells with MET amplification were the only cells that were sensitive to both MET inhibitors. We established PHA-665752–resistant EBC-1 cells, namely EBC-1R cells. Activation of KRAS, EGFR, and FGFR2 signaling was observed in EBC-1R cells by FISH and receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation antibody arrays. EBC-1R cells also showed overexpression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) as well as phosphorylation of MET. EBC-1R cells grew as cell spheres that exhibited cancer stem cell–like (CSC) properties and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The level of miR-138 that targeted ABCB1 was decreased in EBC-1R cells. ABCB1 siRNA and the ABCB1 inhibitor elacridar could reduce sphere numbers and suppress EMT. Elacridar could also reverse resistance to PHA-665752 in EBC-1R cells. Our study demonstrated that ABCB1 overexpression, which was associated with CSC properties and EMT, was involved in the acquired resistance to MET inhibitors. Inhibition of ABCB1 might be a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to MET inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(11); 2433–40. ©2015 AACR.
Combined Pan-RAF and MEK Inhibition Overcomes Multiple Resistance Mechanisms to Selective RAF Inhibitors
Authors: Whittaker Steven R. , Cowley Glenn S. , Wagner Steve , Luo Flora , Root David E. , Garraway Levi A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
RAF and MEK inhibitors are effective in BRAF-mutant melanoma but not in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer. To gain additional insights into this difference, we performed a genome-scale pooled shRNA enhancer screen in a BRAF-mutant, RAF inhibitor–resistant colorectal cancer cell line exposed to the selective RAF inhibitor PLX4720. We identified multiple genes along the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling axis that, when suppressed, either genetically or pharmacologically, sensitized cells to the selective RAF inhibitor through sustained inhibition of MAPK signaling. Strikingly, CRAF was a key mediator of resistance that could be overcome by the use of pan-RAF inhibitors in combination with a MEK inhibitor. Furthermore, the combination of pan-RAF and MEK inhibitors displayed strong synergy in melanoma and colorectal cancer cell lines with RAS-activating events such as RTK activation, KRAS mutation, or NF1 loss-of-function mutations. Combinations of selective RAF inhibitors, such as PLX4720 or dabrafenib, with MEK inhibitors did not incur such profound synergy, suggesting that inhibition of CRAF by pan-RAF inhibitors plays a key role in determining cellular response. Importantly, in contrast to the modest activity seen with single-agent treatment, dual pan-RAF and MEK inhibition results in the induction of apoptosis, greatly enhancing efficacy. Notably, combined pan-RAF and MEK inhibition can overcome intrinsic and acquired resistance to single-agent RAF/MEK inhibition, supporting dual pan-RAF and MEK inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for BRAF- and KRAS-mutant cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(12); 2700–11. ©2015 AACR.
Tumors with AKT1E17K Mutations Are Rational Targets for Single Agent or Combination Therapy with AKT Inhibitors
Authors: Davies Barry R. , Guan Nin , Logie Armelle , Crafter Claire , Hanson Lyndsey , Jacobs Vivien , James Neil , Dudley Philippa , Jacques Kelly , Ladd Brendon , D'Cruz Celina M. , Zinda Michael , Lindemann Justin , Kodaira Makoto , Tamura Kenji , Jenkins Emma L. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
AKT1E17K mutations occur at low frequency in a variety of solid tumors, including those of the breast and urinary bladder. Although this mutation has been shown to transform rodent cells in culture, it was found to be less oncogenic than PIK3CA mutations in breast epithelial cells. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of AKT inhibitors in human tumors with an endogenous AKT1E17K mutation is not known. Expression of exogenous copies of AKT1E17K in MCF10A breast epithelial cells increased phosphorylation of AKT and its substrates, induced colony formation in soft agar, and formation of lesions in the mammary fat pad of immunodeficient mice. These effects were inhibited by the allosteric and catalytic AKT inhibitors MK-2206 and AZD5363, respectively. Both AKT inhibitors caused highly significant growth inhibition of breast cancer explant models with AKT1E17K mutation. Furthermore, in a phase I clinical study, the catalytic Akt inhibitor AZD5363 induced partial responses in patients with breast and ovarian cancer with tumors containing AKT1E17K mutations. In MGH-U3 bladder cancer xenografts, which contain both AKT1E17K and FGFR3Y373C mutations, AZD5363 monotherapy did not significantly reduce tumor growth, but tumor regression was observed in combination with the FGFR inhibitor AZD4547. The data show that tumors with AKT1E17K mutations are rational therapeutic targets for AKT inhibitors, although combinations with other targeted agents may be required where activating oncogenic mutations of other proteins are present in the same tumor. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(11); 2441–51. ©2015 AACR.
Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerase as a Therapeutic Target in Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Pediatric High-Grade Astrocytoma
Authors: Chornenkyy Yevgen , Agnihotri Sameer , Yu Man , Buczkowicz Pawel , Rakopoulos Patricia , Golbourn Brian , Garzia Livia , Siddaway Robert , Leung Stephie , Rutka James T. , Taylor Michael D. , Dirks Peter B. , Hawkins Cynthia 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Pediatric high-grade astrocytomas (pHGA) and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are devastating malignancies for which no effective therapies exist. We investigated the therapeutic potential of PARP1 inhibition in preclinical models of pHGA and DIPG. PARP1 levels were characterized in pHGA and DIPG patient samples and tumor-derived cell lines. The effects of PARP inhibitors veliparib, olaparib, and niraparib as monotherapy or as radiosensitizers on cell viability, DNA damage, and PARP1 activity were evaluated in a panel of pHGA and DIPG cell lines. Survival benefit of niraparib was examined in an orthotopic xenograft model of pHGA. About 85% of pHGAs and 76% of DIPG tissue microarray samples expressed PARP1. Six of 8 primary cell lines highly expressed PARP1. Interestingly, across multiple cell lines, some PARP1 protein expression was required for response to PARP inhibition; however, there was no correlation between protein level or PARP1 activity and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Niraparib was the most effective at reducing cell viability and proliferation (MTT and Ki67). Niraparib induced DNA damage (γH2AX foci) and induced growth arrest. Pretreatment of pHGA cells with a sublethal dose of niraparib (1 μmol/L) before 2 Gy of ionizing radiation (IR) decreased the rate of DNA damage repair, colony growth, and relative cell number. Niraparib (50 mg/kg) inhibited PARP1 activity in vivo and extended survival of mice with orthotopic pHGA xenografts, when administered before IR (20 Gy, fractionated), relative to control mice (40 vs. 25 days). Our data provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that niraparib may be an effective radiosensitizer for pHGA and DIPG. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(11); 2560–8. ©2015 AACR.
Syntax in Action Has Priority over Movement Selection in Piano Playing: An ERP Study
Authors: Bianco Roberta , Novembre Giacomo , Keller Peter E. , Scharf Florian , Friederici Angela D. , Villringer Arno , Sammler Daniela 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Complex human behavior is hierarchically organized. Whether or not syntax plays a role in this organization is currently under debate. The present ERP study uses piano performance to isolate syntactic operations in action planning and to demonstrate their priority over nonsyntactic levels of movement selection. Expert pianists were asked to execute chord progressions on a mute keyboard by copying the posture of a performing model hand shown in sequences of photos. We manipulated the final chord of each sequence in terms of Syntax (congruent/incongruent keys) and Manner (conventional/unconventional fingering), as well as the strength of its predictability by varying the length of the Context (five-chord/two-chord progressions). The production of syntactically incongruent compared to congruent chords showed a response delay that was larger in the long compared to the short context. This behavioral effect was accompanied by a centroparietal negativity in the long but not in the short context, suggesting that a syntax-based motor plan was prepared ahead. Conversely, the execution of the unconventional manner was not delayed as a function of Context and elicited an opposite electrophysiological pattern (a posterior positivity). The current data support the hypothesis that motor plans operate at the level of musical syntax and are incrementally translated to lower levels of movement selection.
Retrieval Goal Modulates Memory for Context
Authors: Elward Rachael L. , Rugg Michael D. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
fMRI was employed to assess whether the contents of recollection vary according to retrieval goal. At study, visually presented words were superimposed on urban or rural scenes or a gray background. The word–background pairs were presented in one of three spatial locations. During a scanned test phase, studied and unstudied words were presented. Two different source memory tasks were randomly interleaved. In the “background” task, the requirement was to judge whether the word had been presented against one of the two classes of scene, as opposed to the alternate class or the gray background. In the “location” task, discrimination was between words presented in one of the two lateral locations and words presented in either of the alternate locations. In both tasks, unstudied words required a separate response. In the background task, words studied against scenes elicited greater activity in parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortex than did words studied against the gray background, consistent with prior reports of scene reinstatement effects. Reinstatement effects were also evident in the location task. Relative to the background task, however, the effects were attenuated in parahippocampal cortex. In other regions, including medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex, activity elicited in the location task by items associated with scenes was lower than that elicited by items presented on the gray background. The findings are interpreted as evidence that contextual retrieval is partially modulated by retrieval goal.
Crustacea associated with Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 and Mytilaster minimus (Poli, 1795) (Mollusca, Bivalvia) beds from Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea, Turkey
Authors: Doğan Alper , Bakir Kerem , Katağan Tuncer 
Published: September 2015

The crustacean fauna associated with Mytilus galloprovincialis and Mytilaster minimus (Mollusca, Bivalvia) beds from Izmir Bay was investigated spatially in autumn 2014. Samples were collected by means of a quadrate sampler covering 400 cm2 at four intertidal stations from the inner (3 stations) and outer (a single station) parts of the bay. A total of 831 individuals belonging to 16 species of crustaceans, were collected and identified. Among these, the isopod Paradella dianae was the most dominant species represented with 227 individuals. Paradella dianae and the amphipod Hyale crassipes were the most frequent crustacean species on the mussel beds with 58.33% occurrence. The maximum crustacean biomass (306.29 g/m2) was calculated at station 4. The amphipods Stenothoe gallensis and Elasmopus pectenicrus, and the isopod P. dianae were the alien crustaceans encountered in the present study.
<strong>A contribution to the bryoflora of the Chocó region, Colombia. I. Mosses</strong>
Authors: Frahm Jan-Peter 
Published: September 2015

The Chocó region in Colombia harbours one of the wettest rainforests in the world. Isolated for about 3 million years, it is known for its high rate of endemism in flowering plants, birds and butterflies. Bryologically it is, however, very unsufficiently known. For this reason, a transect was investigated from sea level to 1800 elevation. Ten hectarplots were studied ar different altitudes. 125 species of mosses were identified, of which 45 are new records for the departments of Chocó or Risaralda and 17 are new records for Colombia. Holomitrium aberrands J.-P. Frahm is described as new. The floristic results allow a first evaluation fo the bryogeograpgical rôle of this region. With 3 endemic species, endemism of mosses in the Chocó region is not as high as in other groups of organisms. Bryologically, the special characteristic of the Chocó mossflora seems to be a meso american floristic element, to which 15% fo the species belong. Part of the endemic species of mosses occur also in Panama. It is therefore supposed that the Chocó phytogeographical element is not confined to northern Ecuador and Colombia but continues into the isthmus of Panama.Based on a calculation of floristic discintinuities, three altitudinal belts could be recoginzed between sea level and 1800 m, the tropical lowland forest up to 200 m, the tropicla submontane forest between 300 and 1500 m and the lower tropical montane forest between 1500 and 1800 m. The delimitation of altitudinal belts agrees quite well with altitudinal studies of tropical rainforest based on bryoophytes in other parts of the world.Serval effects could be observed which are probably due to the extreme high humidity: Terrestrial species were found growing on bark or corticolous species on leaves. The cover of epiphytic bryophyytes is higher than elsewhere, especially in the lowland forest which shows usually a low bryophyte cover. The percentage of mosses compared with that of hepatics is much lower than wlsewhere. Mosses form only about 10% of the bryophyte cover in contrast to 40-50% in the according elevation in other rain forest regions.
<strong>El Grupo de <em>Ramalina cochlearis </em>Zahlbr. con especial referencia al trópico americano</strong>
Authors: Méndez Vicente Marcano y Antonio Morales 
Published: September 2015

The group of Ramalina cochlearis Zahlbr. and its allies in tropical America have been revised. Ramalina cochlearis is reported from four countries: México, Honduras, Colombia and Venezuela. Ramalina escorialensis and R. vareschii, both from the Venezuelan Andes, and R. xalapensis from México are described as new. A key and descriptions are provided.
<strong>A boreal bryophyte community in a tropical montane forest of Mexico</strong>
Authors: Gradstein S. Rob , Vána Jirí 
Published: September 2015

A Nowellia curvifolia community rich in boreal hepatics is reported from rotten logs in a pine forest in the central highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. The community is probably limited in the tropics to conifer forests of northern Mesoamerica. Nowellia curvifolia is reported as new to Brazil and the southern hemisphere, Cephalozia catenulata is new to Guatemala and Honduras and Cephalozia lunulifolia is new to Guatemala.
Taxonomy of recent Adeonidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Brazil, with the description of four new species
Authors: ALMEIDA ANA C.S. , SOUZA FACELUCIA B.C. , SANNER JOANN , VIEIRA LEANDRO M. 
Published: September 2015

Here we present the taxonomy of the cheilostome genera Adeonellopsis MacGillivray, 1886 and Reptadeonella Busk, 1884 in Brazil. Of the six species previously reported in Brazilian waters, we include redescriptions of Adeonellopsis subsulcata (Smitt, 1873), Reptadeonella bipartita (Canu & Bassler, 1928) and Reptadeonella costulata (Canu & Bassler, 1928). Four new species of Reptadeonella are described: Reptadeonella aspera n. sp., Reptadeonella brasiliensis n. sp. (previously misidentified as Reptadeonella violacea), Reptadeonella cucullata n. sp. and Reptadeonella leilae n. sp. Reptadeonella aspera n. sp., from Bahia State, is characterized by rugose frontal calcification, a tubular peristome, small suboral avicularium and elliptical spiramen. Reptadeonella brasiliensis n. sp. is the commonest intertidal species in NE Brazil; it is distinguished from other Brazilian Reptadeonella in having a nodular peristome, large subperistomial areolar pore and zooids with one or two frontal pores frequently replaced by a suboral avicularium and crescentic spiramen. Reptadeonella cucullata n. sp., from Espírito Santo and Bahia states, has a hood-like peristome, large subperistomial areolar pore, suboral avicularium with curved mandible and denticulate spiramen. Reptadeonella leilae n. sp., described from Bahia State, has a frontal shield with small granules, tubular peristome, semilunar to semicircular subperistomial areolar pore and circular spiramen. Diagnostic characters of Reptadeonella species are discussed.
Linking Phytoplankton Activity in Polynyas and Sulfur Aerosols over Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica
Authors: Zhang Miming , Chen Liqi , Xu Guojie , Lin Qi , Liang Minyi 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Multiple year-round aerosol samplings were conducted from February 2005 to October 2008 at Zhongshan Station, a research base in East Antarctica, to study methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO42−). The concentrations of atmospheric sulfur species exhibited a seasonal cycle; the maximum and minimum concentrations occurred in austral summer and austral winter, respectively. Significant correlations between chlorophyll a (Chl a) in offshore polynyas and both MSA (r = 0.726, n = 52, and p &lt; 0.01) and nss-SO42− (r = 0.724, n = 48, and p &lt; 0.01) were found, indicating that the phytoplankton activity had a crucial effect on the sulfur aerosols. The sea ice dynamics in the polynyas and the variations in the polynya area may indirectly influence the sulfur aerosols in austral spring and summer. In austral winter, the sulfur compounds in the atmosphere are primarily originating in long-range transported by-products from remote regions because nearly no phytoplankton activity occurred in the offshore polynyas.
Atmospheric Impact of Arctic Sea Ice Loss in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Simulation*
Authors: Petrie Ruth E. , Shaffrey Len C. , Sutton Rowan T. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The atmospheric response to an idealized decline in Arctic sea ice is investigated in a novel fully coupled climate model experiment. In this experiment two ensembles of single-year model integrations are performed starting on 1 April, the approximate start of the ice melt season. By perturbing the initial conditions of sea ice thickness (SIT), declines in both sea ice concentration and SIT, which result in sea ice distributions that are similar to the recent sea ice minima of 2007 and 2012, are induced. In the ice loss regions there are strong (~3 K) local increases in sea surface temperature (SST); additionally, there are remote increases in SST in the central North Pacific and subpolar gyre in the North Atlantic. Over the central Arctic there are increases in surface air temperature (SAT) of ~8 K due to increases in ocean–atmosphere heat fluxes. There are increases in SAT over continental North America that are in good agreement with recent changes as seen by reanalysis data. It is estimated that up to two-thirds of the observed increase in SAT in this region could be related to Arctic sea ice loss. In early summer there is a significant but weak atmospheric circulation response that projects onto the summer North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). In early summer and early autumn there is an equatorward shift of the eddy-driven jet over the North Atlantic as a result of a reduction in the meridional temperature gradients. In winter there is no projection onto a particular phase of the NAO.