bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial regulation of glucomannan deposition and mobilization in corms of Amorphophallus konjac (Araceae)
Authors: Chua Melinda , Hocking Trevor J. , Chan Kelvin , Baldwin Timothy C. 
Published: January 2013

• Premise of the study: Konjac glucomannan (KGM), the main biologically active constituent of konjac flour extracted from corms of Amorphophallus konjac (konjac), has potential to be used as a nutraceutical (satiety agent) to combat obesity. Here we present the results of an immunocytochemical investigation of the developmental regulation of the deposition and mobilization of glucomannan in corm tissues of konjac, using an antiheteromannan (mannan/glucomannan) antiserum.• Methods: The intensity of antibody binding to glucomannan idioblasts at six developmental stages (i.e., dormancy, leaf bud emergence, leaf bud elongation, leaflet emergence, leaf expansion, and shoot senescence) was compared.• Key results: A temporally regulated pattern of glucomannan deposition and mobilization within the glucomannan idioblasts was observed. A source–sink transition in the corm was shown to occur after leaflet emergence, prior to complete expansion of the leaves. Our data also suggest that the mobilization of KGM initiates at the periphery of the corm and proceeds inward toward the center of the corm.• Conclusions: This study represents a significant milestone in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the physiological and biochemical control of KGM biosynthesis, partitioning, storage, and remobilization. Moreover, this information and the methodology presented provide valuable data for future improvement of the yield and productivity of this important crop.
Microwave irradiation solvothermal technique: an optimized protocol for size‐control synthesis of Ru nanoparticles
Authors: Suryawanshi Y. R. , Chakraborty M. , Jauhari S. , Mukhopadhyay S. , Shenoy K. T. , Shridharkrishna R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRuthenium (III) chloride salt and Poly (N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP as a capping agent) was dissolved in ethylene glycol, which played a dual role for synthesis, as solvent and also as reducing agent. Microwave (MW) irradiation was applied to the solvent which provided controllable thermal activation for synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles and also restricted the agglomeration of particles in presence of excess amount of solvent, which was recovered by distillation after completion of reaction. Synthesized particle was found to be in the range of 2–20 nm with narrow size distribution and average particle size was around 14 nm. Particle size and size distribution were studied by varying different parameters e.g. reaction temperature, time, PVP/RuCl3 molar ratio and irradiation power and was characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mathematical model has been developed using matlab software to obtain the particle size as a function of microwave power.
River barriers and cryptic biodiversity in an evolutionary museum
Authors: Voelker G. , Marks B. D. , Kahindo C. , A'genonga U. , Bapeamoni F. , Duffie L. E. , Huntley J. W. , Mulotwa E. , Rosenbaum S. A. , Light J. E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Riverine Barriers Hypothesis (RBH) posits that tropical rivers can be effective barriers to gene flow, based on observations that range boundaries often coincide with river barriers. Over the last 160 years, the RBH has received attention from various perspectives, with a particular focus on vertebrates in the Amazon Basin. To our knowledge, no molecular assessment of the RBH has been conducted on birds in the Afrotropics, despite its rich avifauna and many Afrotropical bird species being widely distributed across numerous watersheds and basins. Here, we provide the first genetic evidence that an Afrotropical river has served as a barrier for birds and for their lice, based on four understory bird species collected from sites north and south of the Congo River. Our results indicate near‐contemporaneous, Pleistocene lineage diversification across the Congo River in these species. Our results further indicate differing levels of genetic variation in bird lice; the extent of this variation appears linked to the life‐history of both the host and the louse. Extensive cryptic diversity likely is being harbored in Afrotropical forests, in both understory birds and their lice. Therefore, these forests may not be “museums” of old lineages. Rather, substantial evolutionary diversification may have occurred in Afrotropical forests throughout the Pleistocene, supporting the Pleistocene Forest Refuge Hypothesis. Strong genetic variation in birds and their lice within a small part of the Congo Basin forest indicates that we may have grossly underestimated diversity in the Afrotropics, making these forests home of substantial biodiversity in need of conservation.
Sinusoidal current‐tracking control for utility interactive inverter with an LCL filter
Authors: Kato Toshiji , Inoue Kaoru , Donomoto Yoshihisa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA voltage source inverter with an LCL filter is often used for a utility interface to control its output current to a grid side because of its harmonic reduction advantages. The integral compensator is often used to reduce the steady‐state errors. However, there is always a control delay due to sinusoidal variations. This paper proposes a digital sinusoidal compensator which is based on the internal model principle to realize a fast sinusoidal response with no delay. It is based on the internal model principle to realize a response with no deviation for a periodic sinusoidal reference input. It has a simple numerator and a denominator z2 − 2z cosωT + 1 of a transfer function which is equal to the z function of a sinusoidal waveform of the angular frequency ω and the sample time T. Compensator and feedback gains of the inverter are determined by the deadbeat or the optimal control principle. The proposed method is investigated for performances and it is validated through simulation and experimental results by a DSP control system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(2): 22–28, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22339
Monolacunary Germanomolybdates Binding with Transition‐Metal Ions (CoII, NiII, and MnII) in Aqueous Solution: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Wang Na , Li Fengyan , Wang Yuchao , Xu Lin , Cui Keyu , Xu Bingbing 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThree unusual transition‐metal‐monosubstituted germanomolybdates, [C3H5N2]6[GeMo11Co(H2O)O39]·9H2O (1), [C3H5N2]6[GeMo11Ni(H2O)O39]·9H2O (2), and [C3H5N2]6[GeMo11Mn(H2O)O39]·6H2O (3), have been synthesized by the reactions of transition‐metal ions (Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+) with H4[α‐GeMo12O40]·14H2O in aqueous solution, isolated as the imidazole salts, and characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction analyses, IR and UV/Vis spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, elemental analysis, magnetic properties, and thermal gravimetric analysis. These are the first examples of transition‐metal‐monosubstituted germanomolybdates. The UV/Vis spectra of compounds 1–3 were recorded to investigate the influences of pH on the stability of the compounds in aqueous solution. The magnetic studies of compounds 1 and 2 indicate magnetic behavior typical of single transition‐metal ions. The catalytic activity of complex 1 was also explored, and indicated its potential application in homogeneous catalysis.
A Series of Dinuclear Copper Complexes Bridged by Phosphanylbipyridine Ligands: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Electrochemistry
Authors: Lilio Alyssia M. , Grice Kyle A. , Kubiak Clifford P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe phosphanylbipyridine ligands 6‐(diphenylphosphanyl)‐4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (PPh2‐Me2‐bipy, a), 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐(diphenylphosphanyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine (PPh2‐tBu2‐bipy, b), and 6‐(diisopropylphosphanyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine (PiPr2bipy, c) and the corresponding dinuclear copper complexes [Cu2(μ‐PPh2‐Me2‐bipy)2(NCCH3)2](PF6)2 (1), [Cu2(μ‐PPh2‐tBu2‐bipy)2(NCCH3)2](PF6)2 (2), [Cu2(μ‐PiPr2bipy)2(μ‐NCCH3)](PF6)2 (3), and [Cu2(μ‐PiPr2bipy)2{μ‐CNCH(CH3)2}](PF6)2 (4) were synthesized. The X‐ray structures of 1–4 show that the complexes are dinuclear with the bidentate bipyridine coordinating to one copper atom and the phosphane moiety coordinating the other copper center. Complexes 3 and 4 possess short Cu–Cu distances with bridging acetonitrile and isocyanide ligands. The cyclic voltammograms of 1–4 were examined under N2 and CO2. Under N2, 1–3 show four quasi‐reversible 1e– reductions, and under CO2, they show current enhancement at the second reduction. In comparison, complex 4 shows four irreversible reductions under N2 and no current enhancement under CO2.
Synthesis of a Pillar[5]arene‐Based Heteroditopic Host and Its Complexation with n‐Octyltriethylammonium Salts
Authors: Gao Lingyan , Dong Shengyi , Zheng Bo , Huang Feihe 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA new pillar[5]arene‐based heteroditopic receptor containing a urea anion recognition site was designed and made. It was demonstrated that the introduction of the urea group remarkably promoted the binding affinity to n‐octyltriethylammonium salts with different counterions in chloroform, as the corresponding monotopic host, 1,4‐dimethoxypillar[5]arene, showed weak complexation with these guests. The important role of the urea unit was investigated and it was shown that the urea group and the macrocyclic unit not only provided positioned binding sites for the guests but also acted cooperatively in binding these guests.
Quality evaluation of sour and duke cherries cultivated in south‐west Europe
Authors: Pérez‐Sánchez Rodrigo , Morales‐Corts María Remedios , Gómez‐Sánchez María Ángeles 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe results of many studies describing sour cherry polyphenols and their positive effects on human health have been reported. However, there are no detailed studies concerning the physical quality of fresh fruits of sour and duke cherry.ResultsSeveral physical, chemical and colour fruit‐characteristics of 10 sour and duke cherry cultivars cultivated for industrial use in south‐west Europe were investigated during a 3‐year (2008–2010) period. Some of the cultivars showed distinctive and interesting agronomical characters, such as low susceptibility to fruit cracking and high soluble solids and total polyphenol levels. This was the case with the duke cherry cultivar Guindo Garrafal Negro. Its fruits were quite sweet (18.49°Brix), resistant to cracking (6.34%) and rich in polyphenols (17.16 g gallic acid kg−1 dry weight). Other relevant cherry cultivars were Guindo Tomatillo and Seixas, which had large and fleshy fruits (4.71 and 3.69 cm3, respectively) and Guindo Silvestre, for which the lowest fruit cracking values (3.12%) were recorded.ConclusionsSour and duke cherries are rich in healthy compounds such as polyphenols. Studies including the physical, chemical and colour properties of sour and duke cherry fruits are very interesting to engineers in the design of equipment for harvesting and post‐harvest technology. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Tribological properties of Ta‐C‐N and Ta‐N thin films
Authors: Yan X. H. , Yin J. , Cheng X. N. , Liu J. Q. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe amorphous Ta‐C‐N and Ta‐N thin films were deposited using magnetron sputtering on silicon wafer under the similar condition. The as‐prepared thin films were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical profiling system, nano‐indentation and friction test instruments. The results show that, compared with the Ta‐N thin film, the Ta‐C‐N thin film has higher nano‐hardness (9.45 GPa) and elastic modulus (225.71 GPa). Furthermore, the lower friction coefficient and wear rate of the Ta‐C‐N thin film are 0.238 and 5.94×10–6 mm–3· N–1·m–1, respectively. The wear surface of Ta‐C‐N thin film is smoother than that of the Ta‐N thin film. Therefore, it shows better anti‐wear properties.
Endocannabinoids in obesity: brewing up the perfect metabolic storm?
Authors: Lipina Christopher , Rastedt Wiebke , Irving Andrew J. , Hundal Harinder S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn recent years, abnormal regulation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been proposed as a key factor in the development of obesity‐related metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Indeed, this signaling system which includes the cannabinoid type 1 and 2 receptors (CB1R and CB2R) and their endogenous lipid ligands, has been shown to inﬂuence feeding behavior, energy expenditure, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. Importantly, blocking CB1R function has been demonstrated to counteract metabolic aberrations associated with obesity in various murine models and in humans. Here we provide an update on recent ﬁndings describing the role of the ECS in energy balance and metabolism, and explore how recent experimental and clinical studies have delivered new insights into the therapeutic potential of this physiological system as a means of treating obesity‐induced metabolic disorders. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2013, 2:49–63. doi: 10.1002/wmts.79For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Factors Influencing the Success of In Vivo Sentinel Lymph Node Procedure in Colon Cancer Patients
Authors: Viehl Carsten T. , Guller Ulrich , Langer Igor , Laffer Urban , Oertli Daniel , Zuber Markus 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe sentinel lymph node (SLN) procedure has the potential to provide relevant improvement in nodal staging in colon cancer patients. However, there remains room for improvement for SLN identification and sensitivity. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation was to analyze factors influencing the success of the SLN procedure in colon cancer patients.MethodsOne hundred seventy‐four consecutive colon cancer patients were prospectively enrolled in this multicenter study and underwent in vivo SLN procedure with isosulfan blue 1 % followed by open standard oncologic colon resection. Several patient‐, tumor‐, and procedure‐related factors possibly influencing the SLN identification and sensitivity were analyzed.ResultsSentinel lymph node identification rate and accuracy were 89.1 and 83.9 %, respectively. Successful identification of SLN was significantly associated with the intraoperative visualization of blue lymphatic vessels (p < 0.001) and with female gender (p = 0.024). True positive SLN results were significantly associated with higher numbers of SLN (p = 0.026) and with pN2 stage (p = 0.004). There was a trend toward better sensitivity in patients with lower body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.050).ConclusionsThe success of the SLN procedure in colon cancer patients depends on both procedure‐related factors (intraoperative visualization of blue lymphatic vessels, high number of SLN identified) and patient factors (gender, BMI). While patient factors can not be influenced, intraoperative visualization of blue lymphatics and identification of high numbers of SLN are key for a successful SLN procedure.
Natural boundary for the susceptibility function of generic piecewise expanding unimodal maps
Authors: BALADI V. , MARMI S. , SAUZIN D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFor a piecewise expanding unimodal interval map$f$with unique absolutely continuous invariant probability measure$\mu $, a perturbation$X$, and an observable$\varphi $, the susceptibility function is$\Psi _\varphi (z)= \sum _{k=0}^\infty z^k \int X(x) \varphi '( f^k)(x) (f^k)'(x) \, d\mu $. Combining previous results [V. Baladi, On the susceptibility function of piecewise expanding interval maps.Comm. Math. Phys.275(2007), 839–859; V. Baladi and D. Smania, Linear response for piecewise expanding unimodal maps.Nonlinearity21(2008), 677–711] (deduced from spectral properties of Ruelle transfer operators) with recent work of Breuer–Simon [Natural boundaries and spectral theory.Adv. Math.226(2011), 4902–4920] (based on techniques from the spectral theory of Jacobi matrices and a classical paper of Agmon [Sur les séries de Dirichlet.Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér.(3)66(1949), 263–310]), we show that density of the postcritical orbit (a generic condition) implies that$\Psi _\varphi (z)$has a strong natural boundary on the unit circle. The Breuer–Simon method provides uncountably many candidates for the outer functions of$\Psi _\varphi (z)$, associated with precritical orbits. If the perturbation$X$is horizontal, a generic condition (Birkhoff typicality of the postcritical orbit) implies that the non-tangential limit of$\Psi _\varphi (z)$as$z\to 1$exists and coincides with the derivative of the absolutely continuous invariant probability measure with respect to the map (‘linear response formula’). Applying the Wiener–Wintner theorem, we study the singularity type of non-tangential limits of$\Psi _\varphi (z)$as$z\to e^{i\omega }$for real$\omega $. An additional ‘law of the iterated logarithm’ typicality assumption on the postcritical orbit gives stronger results.
Variability in the intensity of nematode larvae from gastrointestinal tissues of a natural herbivore
Authors: VAN KUREN ANDREW T. , BOAG BRIAN , HRUBAN EMILIE , CATTADORI ISABELLA M. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe migration of infective nematode larvae into the tissues of their hosts has been proposed as a mechanism of reducing larval mortality and increase parasite lifetime reproductive success. Given that individual hosts differ in the level of exposure, strength of immune response and physiological conditions we may expect the number of larvae in tissue to vary both between and within hosts. We used 2 gastrointestinal nematode species common in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and examined how the number of larvae in the tissue changed with the immune response, parasite intensity-dependent constraints in the lumen and seasonal weather factors, in rabbits of different age, sex and breeding status. For both nematode species, larvae from the gastrointestinal tissue exhibited strong seasonal and host age-related patterns with fewer larvae recovered in summer compared to winter and more in adults than in juveniles. The number of larvae of the 2 nematodes was positively associated with intensity of parasite infection in the lumen and antibody responses while it was negatively related with air temperature and rainfall. Host sex, reproductive status and co-infection with the second parasite species contributed to increase variability between hosts. We concluded that heterogeneities in host conditions are a significant cause of variability of larval abundance in the gastrointestinal tissues. These findings can have important consequences for the dynamics of nematode infections and how parasite's life-history strategies adjust to host changes.
Prevalence and epidemiological traits of HIV infections in populations with high-risk behaviours as revealed by genetic analysis of HBV
Authors: KOJIMA Y. , KAWAHATA T. , MORI H. , FURUBAYASHI K. , TANIGUCHI Y. , IWASA A. , TANIGUCHI K. , KIMURA H. , KOMANO J. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe prevalence and epidemiological traits of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in high-risk populations (HRPs) remained unclarified in Japan. We determined the prevalence of HIV, HBV and Treponema pallidum (TP) and the viral genotypes in HRPs who attended primary sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in Osaka province during 2006–2011. Of 7898 specimens, 133 (1·7%) were HIV positive, which was significantly higher than the figures reported by Japanese Red Cross (0·0019%) and public health centres (0·27%) in Japan. The frequency of HIV-1 subtype B was 88·7%, followed by CRF01_AE (2·3%) and C (0·8%), which were almost identical to the national trend. HBV seroprevalence was surprisingly high in the HIV-positive group (63·2%), which was significantly higher than that in the HIV-negative group (25·6%). By contrast, there was no statistical correlation between HIV and TP infection. Interestingly, the distinct HBV genotypes Ae and G were prevalent in the HIV-positive population (60·0% and 20·0%, respectively), although both were rarely detected during nationwide surveillance. The transmission of HIV and HBV appeared to occur largely within a closed community early in life. Of note, about one-quarter of HIV-positive cases would have remained untested if health professionals had not motivated individuals to undergo HIV testing. This is the first evidence-based assessment of HIV positivity and HIV/HBV co-infection in HRPs at primary STIs in Japan and the effect of the involvement of health professionals in the diagnosis of HIV infections in asymptomatic carriers. The genotyping of HBV provided valuable information for understanding HIV epidemical traits.
An evaluation of SaTScan for the prospective detection of space-timeCampylobacterclusters in the North East of England
Authors: HUGHES G. J. , GORTON R. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYCampylobacteriosis is the commonest cause of bacterial enteritis in England yet the epidemiology of apparently sporadic cases is not well understood. Here we evaluated the feasibility of applying a space-time cluster detection method to routine laboratory surveillance data in the North East of England by simulating prospective weekly space-time cluster detection using SaTScan as if it had been performed for 2008–2011. From the 209 simulated weekly runs using a circular window, 20 distinct clusters were found which contained a median of 30 cases (interquartile range 15–66) from a median population of ∼134 000 persons. This corresponds to detection of a new cluster every 10 weeks. We found significant differences in age, sex and deprivation score distributions between areas within clusters compared to those without. The results of this study suggest that space-time detection ofCampylobacterclusters could be used to find groups of cases amenable to epidemiological investigation.
A common risk classification system for the Actuarial Profession ‐ Abstract of the London discussion
Authors: Kelliher Patrick 
Published: January 2013

This abstract relates to the following paper:KelliherP.O.J., WilmotD., VijJ. and KlumpesP.J.M.A common risk classification system for the Actuarial Profession.British Actuarial Journal, doi:10.1017/S1357321712000293
Ben Simpson
Authors: Heide Kathleen M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis chapter discusses the case of Ben Simpson who at age 18 shot both his parents. Mr. Simpson died of multiple gunshot wounds within a few days; Mrs. Simpson survived but her recovery took a few months. Ben was subsequently charged with capital murder in connection with the death of his father and with attempted first-degree murder with respect to his mother. Ben's case is significant because it does not fit into one of the three basic types of parricide offenders: he does not fit the profile of the severely abused child, the dangerously antisocial child, or the mentally ill child. Many factors came together for a “perfect storm” to cause death and destruction. One early contributing factor was Ben's parents' failure to set consistent limits for Ben. Unquestionably out of love, they over-indulged their son and tried to right his wrongs. As a result, Ben did not grow up. At 18, he had not learned how to tolerate frustration and solve his problems. The shooting likely would not have occurred if Ben had not become severely intoxicated and returned home in his delusional and enraged state. The ready availability of firearms made it all the more difficult for this youth to resist the impulse to react violently.