bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The financial viability of the Yamuna Expressway
Authors: Singhania Monica , Kumar Kamal 
Published: October 2014

Subject area
The case focuses on issues concerning infrastructure development by Jaypee Infratech Ltd. (JIL) in the context of emerging market of India. This is undertaken by employing the usage of strength weakness opportunity and threat analysis (SWOT) analysis, political, economical, sociological and technological analysis (PEST) analysis and Porter's Five Forces Model and competitor analysis. It also outlines the importance of financing model adopted with respect to Concessionaire Agreement drafted and executed towards making an infrastructure project financially viable so as to reduce the risk associated with infrastructure projects which requires huge investments and long gestation period. Further, it also highlights the importance of how future projects can be undertaken on the basis of public private partnership (PPP) model.

Study level/applicability
This case can be used as a teaching tool in the following courses: MBA/Post Graduate Program in Management in Management Accounting, Management Control Systems and Strategic Cost Management. It can be used to explain concepts of SWOT analysis and Porter's Five Forces Model analysis. Students are also introduced to the technique of financial analysis. Executive training programs for Middle- and Senior-level employees to explain the Infrastructure Financing and Concessionaire Agreement for infrastructure projects. Under-graduate/Post-graduate programs in Entrepreneurship.

Case overview
JIL was established as a Special Purpose Vehicle in 2007 to execute the Yamuna Expressway project. Originally the contract was awarded to parent company Jai Prakash Associates Ltd. in 2003. The project entails financing, construction, operation, maintenance and collection of toll for 36 years and then transferring it back to Government of Uttar Pradesh of 165.5 km Yamuna Expressway, and subsequently development of 530-million square feet of area from five parcels of land earmarked along the expressway. The project highlights how a PPP infrastructure project can be made financially viable.

Expected learning outcomes
SWOT analysis was used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to a company. Also, application of Porter's Five Forces Model was done to analyze an industry. Determining quantitative terms like Long-Term Return on equity, Return on Capital Employed, Book Value vs Market value, Net Margins, Income Tax benefits enjoyed under section 80-IA and Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT); determining financial viability of an infrastructure project over its entire life cycle.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes
Locating the real William Colenso: reviewing a thirty year research journey
Authors: Morris Matthews Kay 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of ongoing conversations between researchers and librarians. Without such conversations followed by the active purchasing of manuscripts, the important contributions of individual first settlers would likely remain untold. The research review that unfolds here is of one of New Zealand's significant first settlers, William Colenso (1811-1899). Yet, 30 years ago William Colenso was mostly regarded as a local rather than a national figure, renowned and ridiculed for his being dismissed from the Church Missionary Society for moral impropriety in 1852. By 2011, however, a conference dedicated to his life and work attracted both national and international scholars raising awareness and contributing unique knowledge about Colenso as missionary, printer, linguist, explorer, botanist, politician, author and inspector of schools. It is argued that such scholarship was enabled through the purposeful collecting of Colenso's papers over 30 years.

Design/methodology/approach
– The historical analysis draws from original documents and published papers chronicling the role and the views of one of New Zealand's first inspector of schools. A self-reflective review approach will show how new knowledge can enhance earlier published works and provide opportunities for further analysis.

Findings
– It will be demonstrated that as a result of ongoing conversations between librarians and researchers purposeful buying of archives and manuscripts have added fresh perspectives to the contributions William Colenso made to education in provincial New Zealand.

Originality/value
– This work is perhaps the first critical re-reading and review of one's own scholarship undertaken across 30 years within New Zealand history of education. It offers unique self-reflections on the subject focus and analyses of it over time.
Space, place and purpose in designing Australian schools
Authors: McLeod Julie 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to canvass debates arising from encounters between architectural and educational history and to introduce a themed section of four papers exploring aspects of the history of school design and the spatial arrangements of Australian schooling across the twentieth century.

Design/methodology/approach –
This is an interpretive introductory essay that characterizes trends in historical and sociological studies of school space and materialities, and synthesizes the arguments and contributions of the four companion papers.

Findings
– A case is made for greater exchange among educational, architectural and social historians and key insights and findings from the four papers concerning school space, design and educational ideas are summarized. Themes of community, citizenship and progressive education are highlighted.

Originality/value
– The value of the paper lies in introducing the context and scholarly debates framing a collection of four papers that seek to open up new avenues for investigating the history of modern schooling through studying intersections between school space and design and educational purposes and aspiration.
The social purpose of Rev. Richard Dawes who taught the philosophy of common things
Authors: Theodore Bottomley David 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to consider why Richard Dawes (1793-1867) academic, college business manager and Church of England priest developed a curriculum in a nineteenth century English village school with which he sought to modify differences in social class and achieved outstanding results in student engagement and educational attainment.Design/methodology/approach– The approach is documentary. It uses books and internet scans of original documents. It locates Dawes's work in the social movements of early nineteenth century Britain and associates Dawes's activities with those of Kay-Shuttleworth who was administrator of the British government's first move to provide education for poor children.Findings– Dawes emphasised tolerance and secular teaching within a school system devoted to instilling Church of England doctrine. He based classroom teaching on things familiar to children and integrated subject content. He used science to encourage parents of “that class immediately above that of labourers” to send their children to his school to overcome class differences. For his system to be widely adopted he needed science teachers trained in his practical teaching methods. Initial government support for science in elementary schools was eroded by Church of England opposition to state intervention in education.Originality/value– Dawes's pedagogic achievements are well known in the history of science education; his secular teaching in a church school and his valiant attempt to use science as an instrument of social change, perhaps less so.
Resilient organizations turning challenges into opportunities
Authors: Megele Claudia 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to argue that what divides winning and losing firms is their capacity for resilience – especially when facing economic challenges and reveals how to build organizational resilience.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper explains that successful organizations use the need for substantial change to drive reforms that position them well to meet existing and future challenges.

Findings
– The positive potential of change and the importance of good communications in bringing it about have been explored. The need to invest in measures to increase the organization’s resilience even when the economic climate is unfavorable has been underlined.

Practical implications
– This paper advances the view that organizations should seek to invest in areas that reposition them in their new business and market environment while creating a separate disruptive business to develop the innovations that can become the source of future growth.

Social implications
– Some of the major economic and social changes to which successful organizations must react have been examined.

Originality/value
– This paper reveals how, by changing challenges to opportunities, organizations can prepare themselves for a successful future.
Tumor‐to‐bone distance of invasive subungual melanoma: An analysis of 30 cases
Authors: Nakamura Yasuhiro , Fujisawa Yasuhiro , Teramoto Yukiko , Sato Sayuri , Yamada Katsuhiro , Sekine Koyumi , Fujimoto Manabu , Otsuka Fujio , Yamamoto Akifumi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSubungual melanoma (SUM) is rare and represents approximately 2–3% and 20% of all cutaneous melanomas in Caucasians and Asians, respectively. Amputation has usually been performed for invasive SUM; however, not all invasive SUMs invade or attach to the distal phalanx. To investigate the possibility of non‐amputative surgery for patients with invasive SUM, the distances between the deepest base of the melanoma cells and the bony surface in the surgical specimens of invasive SUM were measured. Thirty surgical specimens of invasive SUM were retrospectively reviewed. The contents of the specimens were as follows: 14 first toes, 10 thumbs, three second fingers, two third fingers, and one fifth finger. Four specimens showed bone invasion, and the tumor was attached to the bone in four specimens. The tumor‐to‐bone distance exceeded 0.9 mm in all the specimens with thicknesses <4 mm. In the non‐ulcerated SUMs (nine specimens), only one SUM specimen showed bone attachment. There was a higher likelihood of bone attachment or invasion when tumor thickness (TT) exceeded 4 mm (Pearson chi‐square test, P = 0.009; Fisher exact test, P = 0.004; student t test, 0.033). Univariate and multivariate analysis also revealed that thick TT had a statistically significant affect (odds ratio 1.807 and 1.865, 95% CI 1.11–3.01 and 1.11–3.13, P = 0.023 and 0.018). Non‐amputative surgery may be possible for SUM tumors that are of intermediate‐thickness. However, there has been little evidence demonstrating survival with non‐amputative surgery for invasive SUM. A large, randomized, prospective clinical study is required to address this issue.
The HANDDS Program: A Systematic Approach for Addressing Disparities in the Provision of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Sasson Comilla , Haukoos Jason S. , Eigel Brian , Magid David J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe current paradigm of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) blankets a community with training. Recently, the authors have found that high‐risk neighborhoods can be identified, and CPR training can be targeted in the neighborhoods in which it is most needed. This article presents a novel method and pilot implementation trial for the HANDDS (identifying High Arrest Neighborhoods to Decrease Disparities in Survival) program. The authors also seek to describe example methods in which the HANDDS program is being implemented in Denver, Colorado. The HANDDS program uses a simple three‐step approach: identify, implement, and evaluate. This systematic conceptual framework uses qualitative and quantitative methods to 1) identify high‐risk neighborhoods, 2) understand common barriers to learning and performing CPR in these neighborhoods, and 3) implement and evaluate a train‐the‐trainer CPR Anytime intervention designed to improve CPR training in these neighborhoods. The HANDDS program is a systematic approach to implementing a community‐based CPR training program. Further research is currently being conducted in four large metropolitan U.S. cities to examine whether the results from the HANDDS program can be successfully replicated in other locations.
Ultrasound Assistance for Central Venous Catheter Placement in a Pediatric Emergency Department Improves Placement Success Rates
Authors: Gallagher Rachel A. , Levy Jason , Vieira Rebecca L. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Stack Anne M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe use of ultrasound (US) has been shown to improve success rates and reduce complications of central venous catheter (CVC) placement in adult emergency department (ED) patients. The authors sought to determine if US assistance for CVC placement is associated with an increased success rate in pediatric ED patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of CVC placement in a pediatric ED from January 2003 to October 2011. Data were extracted from a procedure log created to record details entered by physicians at the time of CVC placement, including indication, location, complications, and information regarding use of US. All femoral vein and internal jugular vein CVC placement attempts performed by, assisted with, or directly supervised by pediatric emergency physicians (EPs) were included. Characteristics of procedures performed with and without US assistance were compared, controlling for patient and physician factors. The primary outcome was the success rate of CVC placement.ResultsThere were 168 patients undergoing CVC placement attempts. The proportion of successful placement attempts was significantly higher when using US assistance (96 of 98) compared to those without (55 of 70; 98% vs. 79%, odds ratio [OR] = 13.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.9 to 59.4). When controlling for patient‐ and physician‐specific factors, success rates remained significantly higher.ConclusionsUltrasound assistance was associated with greater likelihood of success in CVC placement in a pediatric ED.
Prehospital Noninvasive Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure: Systematic Review, Network Meta‐analysis, and Individual Patient Data Meta‐analysis
Authors: Goodacre Steve , Stevens John W. , Pandor Abdullah , Poku Edith , Ren Shijie , Cantrell Anna , Bounes Vincent , Mas Arantxa , Payen Didier , Petrie David , Roessler Markus Soeren , Weitz Gunther , Ducros Laurent , Plaisance Patrick 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesThis meta‐analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of prehospital continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bilevel inspiratory positive airway pressure (BiPAP) in acute respiratory failure.MethodsFourteen electronic databases and research registers were searched from inception to August 2013. Randomized or quasi‐randomized controlled trials that reported mortality or intubation rate for prehospital CPAP or BiPAP were selected and compared to a relevant comparator in patients with acute respiratory failure. An aggregate data network meta‐analysis was used to jointly estimate intervention effects relative to standard care. A network meta‐analysis using a mixture of individual patient‐level data and aggregate data was carried out to assess potential treatment effect modifiers.ResultsEight randomized and two quasi‐randomized controlled trials (six CPAP, four BiPAP, sample sizes 23 to 207) were identified. The aggregate data network meta‐analysis suggested that CPAP was the most effective treatment in terms of mortality (probability = 0.989) and intubation rate (probability = 0.639) and reduced both mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41; 95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.20 to 0.77) and intubation rate (OR = 0.32; 95% CrI = 0.17 to 0.62), compared to standard care. The effect of BiPAP on mortality (OR = 1.94; 95% CrI = 0.65 to 6.14) and intubation rate (OR = 0.40; 95% CrI = 0.14 to 1.16) was uncertain. The network meta‐analysis using individual patient‐level data and aggregate data suggested that sex was a modifier of the effect of treatment on mortality.ConclusionsPrehospital CPAP can reduce mortality and intubation rates compared to standard care, while the effectiveness of prehospital BiPAP is uncertain.
Systematic literature review of the risk factors, comorbidities, and consequences of hypogonadism in men
Authors: Zarotsky V. , Huang M.‐Y. , Carman W. , Morgentaler A. , Singhal P. K. , Coffin D. , Jones T. H. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe objective of this review was to summarize the literature on the risk factors, comorbidities, and consequences of male hypogonadism, which is defined as a syndrome complex that includes biochemical confirmation of low testosterone (T) and the consistent symptoms and signs associated with low T. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library for articles published in the last 10 years on risk factors, comorbidities, and consequences of male hypogonadism. Of the 53 relevant studies identified, nine examined potential risk factors, 14 examined potential comorbidities, and 30 examined potential consequences of male hypogonadism. Based on studies conducted in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North & South America, the important factors that predicted and correlated with hypogonadism were advanced age, obesity, a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and a poor general health status. Diabetes mellitus was correlated with hypogonadism in most studies, but was not established as a risk factor. Although diseases, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease did not predict hypogonadism, they did correlate with incident low T. The data reviewed on potential consequences suggest that low T levels may be linked to earlier all‐cause and cardiovascular related mortality among men. This literature review suggests that men with certain factors, such as advanced age, obesity, MetS, and poor general health, are more likely to have and develop hypogonadism. Low levels of T may have important long‐term negative health consequences.
Seminal plasma concentrations of Anti‐Müllerian hormone and inhibin B predict motile sperm recovery from cryopreserved semen in asthenozoospermic men: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Nery S. F. , Vieira M. A. F. , Dela Cruz C. , Lobach V. N. M. , Del Puerto H. L. , Torres P. B. , Rocha A. L. L. , Reis A. B. , Reis F. M. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe rate of motile sperm recovery after cryopreservation is very variable and difficult to predict. Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B are produced by Sertoli cells and released into the seminal plasma, where they could be functional markers of spermatogenesis and sperm resistance to thermal stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether seminal plasma levels of AMH and inhibin B predict sperm recovery after cryopreservation. The study included 153 men enrolled prospectively during a semen analysis. The cohort was stratified by the fresh semen characteristics into: normal (n = 52), high sperm count (n = 55), asthenozoospermia (n = 23), and oligozoospermia (n = 23). The main outcome measure was motile sperm recovery rate, defined as post‐thaw total motile sperm count × 100/pre‐freezing total motile sperm count. In men with asthenozoospermia there was a significant correlation between motile sperm recovery rate and the pre‐freezing concentrations of AMH (r = 0.522, p < 0.05) and inhibin B (0.471, p < 0.05). In this group, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of AMH and inhibin B for prediction of ≥50% motile sperm recovery after cryopreservation were, respectively, 0.808 and 0.638. AMH was particularly useful, with sensitivity of 0.85, specificity of 0.80, positive predictive value of 0.84 and negative predictive value of 0.80. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of inhibin B for the same outcome were, respectively, 0.62, 0.60, 0.67, and 0.55. The median motile sperm recovery rate was 83% when seminal plasma AMH concentration was ≥0.84 ng/mL, vs. 27% when AMH concentration was <0.84 ng/mL (p < 0.05). In other patient groups, there was no correlation between the two hormone levels in seminal plasma and the motile sperm recovery rate. In conclusion, seminal plasma AMH and inhibin B concentrations correlate with and can be used to predict motile sperm recovery after semen cryopreservation in asthenozoospermic men.
On the Relationship between the Causal-Inference and Meta-Analytic Paradigms for the Validation of Surrogate Endpoints
Authors: Alonso Ariel , Van der Elst Wim , Molenberghs Geert , Buyse Marc , Burzykowski Tomasz 
Published: October 2014

Summary
The increasing cost of drug development has raised the demand for surrogate endpoints when evaluating new drugs in clinical trials. However, over the years, it has become clear that surrogate endpoints need to be statistically evaluated and deemed valid, before they can be used as substitutes of “true” endpoints in clinical studies. Nowadays, two paradigms, based on causal-inference and meta-analysis, dominate the scene. Nonetheless, although the literature emanating from these paradigms is wide, till now the relationship between them has largely been left unexplored. In the present work, we discuss the conceptual framework underlying both approaches and study the relationship between them using theoretical elements and the analysis of a real case study. Furthermore, we show that the meta-analytic approach can be embedded within a causal-inference framework on the one hand and that it can be heuristically justified why surrogate endpoints successfully evaluated using this approach will often be appealing from a causal-inference perspective as well, on the other. A newly developed and user friendly R package Surrogate is provided to carry out the evaluation exercise.