bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational models of perirhinal cortex function
Authors: Cowell Rosemary A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractI review seven models of the contribution of perirhinal cortex (PRC) or neighboring neocortical regions to cognition. Five of the models address recognition memory function (Sohal and Hasselmo (2000) Network 11:169‐190; Bogacz et al. (2001) J Comput Neurosci 10:5‐23; Bogacz and Brown (2003a) Neurocomputing 52:1‐6; Norman and O'Reilly (2003) Psychol Rev 110:611‐646; Cowell et al. (2006) J Neurosci 26:12186‐12197) and two account for the role of PRC in visual discrimination learning (Bussey and Saksida (2002) Eur J Neurosci 15:355‐364; Cowell et al. (2010b) J Cogn Neurosci 22:2460‐2479). The models span a range of biological scales and target a variety of datasets, such that like for like comparison between them is not always possible. I lay out a novel framework for facilitating comparison by defining some general abstract principles concerning the organization of cognition in the brain about which all of the models make a statement. The controversies that are revealed by scrutinizing the models within this framework highlight the fundamental questions that remain to be answered by future research. Ultimately, it is by combining these disparate accounts to build a unified model that bridges several levels of biological scale and accounts for multiple psychological phenomena that a full account of PRC function will be achieved. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single cell molecular recognition of migrating and invading tumor cells using a targeted fluorescent probe to receptor PTPmu
Authors: Burden‐Gulley Susan M. , Qutaish Mohammed Q. , Sullivant Kristin E. , Tan Mingqian , Craig Sonya E.L. , Basilion James P. , Lu Zheng‐Rong , Wilson David L. , Brady‐Kalnay Susann M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDetection of an extracellular cleaved fragment of a cell–cell adhesion molecule represents a new paradigm in molecular recognition and imaging of tumors. We previously demonstrated that probes that recognize the cleaved extracellular domain of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase mu (PTPmu) label human glioblastoma brain tumor sections and the main tumor mass of intracranial xenograft gliomas. In this article, we examine whether one of these probes, SBK2, can label dispersed glioma cells that are no longer connected to the main tumor mass. Live mice with highly dispersive glioma tumors were injected intravenously with the fluorescent PTPmu probe to test the ability of the probe to label the dispersive glioma cells in vivo. Analysis was performed using a unique three‐dimensional (3D) cryo‐imaging technique to reveal highly migratory and invasive glioma cell dispersal within the brain and the extent of colabeling by the PTPmu probe. The PTPmu probe labeled the main tumor site and dispersed cells up to 3.5 mm away. The cryo‐images of tumors labeled with the PTPmu probe provide a novel, high‐resolution view of molecular tumor recognition, with excellent 3D detail regarding the pathways of tumor cell migration. Our data demonstrate that the PTPmu probe recognizes distant tumor cells even in parts of the brain where the blood–brain barrier is likely intact. The PTPmu probe has potential translational significance for recognizing tumor cells to facilitate molecular imaging, a more complete tumor resection and to serve as a molecular targeting agent to deliver chemotherapeutics to the main tumor mass and distant dispersive tumor cells.
Developing scaffolds for tissue engineering using the Ca2+‐induced cold gelation by an experimental design approach
Authors: Ribeiro Artur J. A. M. , Gomes Andreia C. , Cavaco‐Paulo Artur M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Ca2+‐induced cold gelation technique was found suitable to prepare highly porous biodegradable scaffolds based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and alpha‐casein from bovine milk for tissue engineering. A 23 full factorial design was used to study the influence and impact of each factor on the several responses of the scaffolds. In vitro degradation (ID), swelling ratio (SR), porosity (PO), and pore size (PS) as well cytotoxicity (CT) were evaluated and shown to be dependent on the pH of sample preparation and on the amount of BSA and casein present, making these scaffolds tunable structures. Under optimized working conditions (4.19% of BSA, 0.69% of Casein, pH 7.07), the ID attained was 37.97%, the SR observed was 11.87, the PO was 82.11%, the PS measured was 180.63 μm at surface, and 175.91 μm at fracture, whereas maximum cell viability was 84% in comparison to controls. Moreover, the scaffold supported cell adhesion and proliferation. These results, consistent with the prediction by the experimental design approach, support the use of this methodology to develop tunable scaffolds for tissue engineering using the Ca2+‐induced cold gelation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Gamma ray treatment enhances bioactivity and osseointegration capability of titanium
Authors: Ueno Takeshi , Takeuchi Masato , Hori Norio , Iwasa Fuminori , Minamikawa Hajime , Igarashi Yoshimasa , Anpo Masakazu , Ogawa Takahiro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe time‐dependent degradation of titanium bioactivity (i.e., the biological aging of titanium) has been reported in previous studies. This phenomenon is caused by the loss of hydrophilicity and the inevitable occurrence of progressive contamination of titanium surfaces by hydrocarbons. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that gamma ray treatment, owing to its high energy to decompose and remove organic contaminants, enhances the bioactivity and osteoconductivity of titanium. Titanium disks were acid‐etched and stored for 4 weeks. Rat bone marrow–derived osteoblasts (BMOs) were cultured on titanium disks with or without gamma ray treatment (30 kGy) immediately before experiments. The cell density at day 2 increased by 50% on gamma‐treated surfaces, which reflected the 25% higher rate of cell proliferation. Osteoblasts on gamma‐treated surfaces showed 30% higher alkaline phosphatase activity at day 5 and 60% higher calcium deposition at day 20. The strength of in vivo bone–implant integration increased by 40% at the early healing stage of week 2 for gamma‐treated implants. Gamma ray–treated surfaces regained hydrophilicity and showed a lower percentage of carbon (35%) as opposed to 48% on untreated aged surfaces. The data indicated that gamma ray pretreatment of titanium substantially enhances its bioactivity and osteoconductivity, in association with the significant reduction in surface carbon and the recovery of hydrophilicity. The results suggest that gamma ray treatment could be an effective surface enhancement technology to overcome biological aging of titanium and improve the biological properties of titanium implants. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Segmental myocardial velocities in dilated cardiomyopathy with and without left bundle branch block
Authors: Foell Daniela , Jung Bernd A. , Germann Elfriede , Staehle Felix , Bode Christoph , Hennig Juergen , Markl Michael 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose:To quantify three‐directional left ventricular (LV) myocardial velocities and intraventricular synchrony in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with and without left bundle branch block (LBBB) using MR tissue phase mapping (TPM).Materials and Methods:Regional velocities were assessed by TPM (spatial/temporal resolution = 1.3 × 1.3 mm2 × 8 mm/14 ms) in DCM patients with (n = 12) and without LBBB (n = 7) compared with age‐matched volunteers (n = 20). For the evaluation the AHA 16‐segment and an extended LV visualization model was used.Results:Radial velocities in DCM patients were reduced in 75% (systole) and in 94% (diastole) (P = 0.0001 – P = 0.0360), long‐axis velocities in 31% (systole) and in 75% (diastole) of the 16 segments compared with controls (P = 0.0001 – P = 0.0310). LBBB resulted in inferolaterally delayed diastolic long‐axis velocities (P = 0.0012 – P = 0.0464) and shortened TTP for septal systolic radial velocities (P = 0.0002). Intra‐ventricular radial systolic TTP differed up to 150 ms between segments in patients with LBBB (89 ms without LBBB, 34 ms in volunteers) reflecting an increased dyssynchrony. LV twist was altered in all patients with reduced and delayed systolic and diastolic peak velocities.Conclusion:TPM identified previously not described alterations of the spatial distribution and timing of all myocardial velocities in patients with DCM and LBBB. This may help to optimize therapy management in future. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:119–126. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison among direct, indirect and index selections on agronomic traits and nutritional quality traits in common bean
Authors: Jost Evandro , Ribeiro Nerinéia Dalfollo , Maziero Sandra Maria , Possobom Micheli Thaise Della Flora , Rosa Daniele Piano , da Silva Domingues Lucas 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Selection indices are linear combinations that allow the selection of several characters simultaneously. The objective of this study was to verify the efficiency of direct selection, indirect selection and selection indices in the identification of higher inbred common bean lines for grain yield, morphological, phenological and nutritional traits.RESULTS: There is genetic variability for grain yield, lodging, general adaptation note, cycle, insertion of the first pod, calcium and iron concentrations in the seeds. Moderate phenotypic correlation coefficients were observed between grain yield and general adaptation note (r = − 0.57) and cycle (r = − 0.57). When direct selection was performed for grain yield, the insertion of the first pod, calcium and iron concentrations showed negative indirect selection gains. The classic index showed that the distribution of gains has become more balanced: grain yield (39.05%), calcium (8.29%) and iron concentration (1.64%).CONCLUSION: Direct selection and indirect selection are not efficient in the simultaneous selection of agronomic traits and nutritional quality in common bean. The classical, base and multiplicative indexes provide responses of gain balanced among traits and superior genetic progress in the selection of inbred common bean lines, and have a high coincidence between the lines selected. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Hot water, UV‐C and superatmospheric oxygen packaging as hurdle techniques for maintaining overall quality of fresh‐cut pomegranate arils
Authors: Maghoumi Mahshad , Gómez Perla A , Artés‐Hernández Francisco , Mostofi Younes , Zamani Zabihalah , Artés Francisco 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: In recent years there has been increasing consumer pressure to avoid the use of agrochemicals such as chlorine on fresh plant products for extending their shelf life. The combined use of eco‐sustainable techniques may be an alternative. The effect of hot water (HW), ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) light and high oxygen packaging (HO) on the overall quality of fresh‐cut pomegranate arils stored under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) for up to 14 days at 5 °C was studied.RESULTS: Arils extracted manually, washed with chlorine (100 µL L−1 NaClO, pH 6.5, 5 °C water), rinsed and drained were exposed to single or combined (double and triple) hurdle techniques. The HW treatment consisted of a 30 s immersion in water at 55 °C followed by air surface drying. A 4.54 kJ m−2 dose was used for the UV‐C treatment before packaging. Active MAP with initial 90 kPa O2 was used in the HO treatment. The respiration rate remained relatively constant throughout shelf life, with no differences among treatments. CO2 accumulation was higher within HO packages. HW induced a slight reduction in total soluble solids, while no changes in titratable acidity were found. HO‐treated arils had the highest phenolic content, while the lowest was found in HW‐treated arils. The lowest antioxidant activity was found in HW + UV‐C + HO and the highest in UV‐C + HO and HO treatments. HW alone or in combination with UV‐C and HO inhibited mesophile, mould and yeast growth, while UV‐C + HO was most effective for controlling yeast and mould growth.CONCLUSION: UV‐C and HO either alone or in combination are promising techniques to preserve the quality of pomegranate arils for up to 14 days at 5 °C. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Lipid composition of Castanea sativa Mill. and Aesculus hippocastanum fruit oils
Authors: Zlatanov Magdalen D , Antova Ginka A , Angelova‐Romova Maria J , Teneva Olga T 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundSweet and horse chestnut fruit contain carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, lipids, vitamins, glycosides and coumarin. The lipids are rich in biologically active substances as fatty acids, phospholipids, sterols and tocopherols. The fruit has been used as food, and for medicinal purposes to treat inflammatory and vascular problems.ResultsThe fruits of sweet and horse chestnut contain 20 and 81 g kg−1 glyceride oil respectively. The content of phospholipids in the oils was 49 and 3 g kg−1. Sterols were found to be 8 and 12 g kg−1. In the tocopherol fraction (1920 and 627 mg kg−1) γ‐tocopherol predominated in the sweet chestnut oil (927 g kg−1); γ‐tocopherol (591 g kg−1) and α‐tocopherol (402 g kg−1) in horse chestnut oil. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids predominated in the triacylglycerols. Higher quantities of palmitic and oleic acids were established in the phospholipids and sterol esters.ConclusionThe fruits of horse and sweet chestnut have a close lipid composition. The oils are rich in essential fatty acids, such as linoleic and linolenic, as well as biologically active substances: phospholipids, sterols and tocopherols. This fact determines the good food value of sweet chestnut fruit and the possibilities for use of horse chestnuts in pharmacy and for technical purposes. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of foliar urea fertilisation on volatile compounds in Tempranillo wine
Authors: Ancín‐Azpilicueta Carmen , Nieto‐Rojo Rodrigo , Gómez‐Cordón Julio 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of fertilisation with three doses of foliar urea (0, 2 and 4 kg N ha−1) on the concentration of volatile compounds in Tempranillo wine was studied.ResultsThe total concentration of alcohols decreased with the application of urea. The concentrations of ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate were highest in the wine resulting from the 4 kg N ha−1 urea treatment. Fatty acids showed different individual responses to the application of urea. Sensory analysis indicated that the wines from urea‐treated grapevines had higher aroma intensity and a more fruity character than the control wine.ConclusionIt may be concluded that foliar urea fertilisation shows itself to be efficient in small doses as a complement to soil fertilisation to improve wine aroma.
Ion Effects in Field‐Flow Fractionation of Aqueous Colloidal Polystyrene
Authors: Lang Thomas , Eslahian Kyriakos A. , Maskos Michael 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe discuss the effect of electrolytes on retention of aqueous colloidal polystyrene particles in asymmetrical flow (AF‐FFF) and thermal field‐flow fractionation (ThFFF). In both FFF subtechniques, interparticle interaction leads to non‐ideal fractionation behavior, which can result in a sample load dependency. Electrostatic repulsion is reduced with increasing electrolyte concentration, resulting in a pronounced increase of retention. At higher salinities, hydrophobic interactions dominate, thus applications of AF‐FFF under physiological conditions are limited. In ThFFF, also the separation mechanism of thermophoresis is affected by ionic shielding and experimental data are in accordance with recent theoretical models of thermophoresis.
A Convenient Route to High‐Performance HDPE–CNT Conductive Nanocomposites by Control of Matrix Nucleation
Authors: Tao Fangfang , Bonnaud Leïla , Murariu Oltea , Auhl Dietmar , Dubois Philippe , Bailly Christian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe show how styrene‐ethylene‐propylene‐styrene (SEPS) triblock copolymer uniquely reduces the electrical percolation threshold after matrix crystallization of conductive nanocomposites based on high viscosity HDPE with low amounts of pristine multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT). Rheo‐dielectric and Flash DSC techniques are used to demonstrate that SEPS interferes with the nucleation ability of CNT on HDPE crystallization in a way that favors contacts between the nanotubes after crystallization as well as it improves CNT dispersion.
Equilibrium vitrification of mouse embryos at various developmental stages
Authors: Jin Bo , Mochida Keiji , Ogura Atsuo , Koshimoto Chihiro , Matsukawa Kazutsugu , Kasai Magosaburo , Edashige Keisuke 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPreviously, we developed a new method by which 2‐cell mouse embryos can be vitrified in liquid nitrogen in a near‐equilibrium state, and then kept at −80°C for several days. In the present study, we examined whether or not the method was effective for mouse embryos at other developmental stages. Eight‐cell embryos, morulae, and expanded blastocysts of ICR mice were vitrified with ethylene glycol‐based solutions, named EFSc because of their composition of ethylene glycol (30–40%, v/v) and FSc solution. The FSc solution was PB1 medium containing 30% (w/v) Ficoll PM‐70 plus 1.5 M sucrose. The extent of equilibrium was assessed by examining how well vitrified embryos survived after being kept at −80°C. When 8‐cell embryos and morulae were vitrified with EFS35c or EFS40c and then kept at −80°C, the survival rate was high even after 4 days in storage and remained high after re‐cooling in liquid nitrogen. On the other hand, the survival of vitrified‐expanded blastocysts kept at −80°C was low. Therefore, 8‐cell embryos and morulae can be vitrified in a near‐equilibrium state using the same method as for 2‐cell embryos. A high proportion of C57BL/6J embryos at the 2‐cell, 8‐cell, and morula stages vitrified with EFS35c developed to term after transportation on dry ice, re‐cooling in liquid nitrogen, and transfer to recipients. In conclusion, the near‐equilibrium vitrification method, which is effective for 2‐cell mouse embryos, is also effective for embryos at the 8‐cell and morula stages. The method would enable handy transportation of vitrified embryos using dry ice. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 785–794, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Possibility of intrinsic muscle contractile properties in force summation and postactivation potentiation as indices of maximal muscle strength and muscle fatigue
Authors: Ohta Yoichi , Takahashi Kyohei , Matsubayashi Takeo 
Published: September 2012

IntroductionWe investigated whether intrinsic muscle contractile properties in force summation and postactivation potentiation (PAP) can be used as indices of maximal muscle strength and muscle fatigue.MethodsTwelve men participated in this study. The maximum voluntary contraction torque (MVC), torque evoked by several stimulations in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, force summation parameters, and PAP were evaluated with the progression of fatigue. The force summation parameters were evaluated with respect to responses of single, double, and triple stimulations.ResultsThe percent decreases in the evoked torque parameters with or without PAP were greater than those during MVC. Force summation parameters were significantly related to MVC and fatigue resistance.ConclusionsIntrinsic muscle contractile properties with or without PAP in the TA overestimate fatigue during MVC. However, force summation parameters can be used as indices of maximal muscle strength with or without fatigue and fatigue resistance capacity. Muscle Nerve 47: 894–902, 2013
A possible clinical tool to depict muscle elasticity mapping using magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Debernard Laëtitia , Robert Ludovic , Charleux Fabrice , Bensamoun Sabine F. 
Published: September 2012

IntroductionCharacterization of muscle elasticity will improve the diagnosis and treatment of muscle disorders. The purpose is to compare the use of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and ultrasound elastography (USE) techniques to elucidate the MRE cartography of thigh muscles.MethodsBoth elastography techniques were performed on 5 children and 7 adults. Quantitative (MRE) and qualitative (USE) cartographies of muscle elasticity, as a function of muscle state and age, were obtained with shear waves and manual compression of the ultrasound probe, respectively.ResultsSimilar cartographies of muscle elasticity were obtained with the 2 methods. The combination of both imaging techniques results in an improved depiction of the physiological changes associated with muscle state and age.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of MRE for use as a clinical tool in the characterization of neuromuscular pathologies and for assessing the efficacy of specific treatments for muscle related diseases. Muscle Nerve 47: 903–908, 2013
Development, Optimisation and Validation of a Stability‐Indicating HPLC Method of Achyrobichalcone Quantification using Experimental Designs
Authors: Carini Juliana P. , Kaiser Samuel , Ortega George G. , Bassani Valquiria L. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionAchyrobichalcone is a new biflavonoid found in Achyrocline satureioides. It is structurally similar to other bioactive bichalcones that were proven to exert anti‐cancer activity. Recently we isolated several achyrobichalcone batches on a semi‐preparative scale, showing the need to assess the quality and stability of this substance by analytical methods.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a stability‐indicating HPLC method of achyrobichalcone quantification using experimental designs.MethodThe method was developed and optimised by Box–Behnken design using column temperature, flow rate and acetonitrile content in the mobile phase as factors and system suitability parameters as responses. Validation parameters were determined according to official compendiums. Robustness was determined by Plackett–Burman design. Stability of achyrobichalcone was assessed in alkaline, acid, oxidative, thermal and photolytic stress conditions.ResultsThe ideal chromatographic conditions were defined from the optimisation: 37 % of acetonitrile, flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and 33°C temperature. All factors were significant for the resolution between achyrobichalcone and impurities peaks and for the retention factor. The mathematical model developed exhibited a good predictive capacity, and the design proved suitable. The HPLC method was successfully validated, being linear, specific, accurate and precise. The robustness test revealed that the flow rate and detection wavelength should be strictly controlled, as they affect achyrobichalcone concentration. The analyte was unstable only in alkaline media.ConclusionThe new method developed affords evaluation of the quality of achyrobichalcone obtained by isolation, and indicates the stability of the molecule under various stress conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.