bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualities of full-cream powdered milk of different brands available in retail markets of Bangladesh
Authors: Kajal MFI , Rashid MH , Uddin ME , Zaman MR 
Published: March 2013

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the physical and microbiological qualities of whole powdered milk of six different brands (Kwality, NIDO, Diploma, Anchor, Farmland and Starship) available in retail market at Mymensingh town. Each brand was considered as treatment and three samples (replications) were taken for each brand. For this purpose, powdered milk samples were collected and analyzed to know the physical parameters mainly color, flavor, taste, solubility, appearance and specific gravity, and microbiological qualities such as total viable bacterial count and coliform count. In case of physical quality, all the six brands possessed the good quality grade and no significant difference was observed except that of specific gravity which varied significantly among the brands. Specific gravity was almost similar to the normal cow milk when the dried milk was reconstituted. Significant variations (p<o.o1) in total viable counts among different powdered milk brands was observed. No coliforms were detected which indicated that good sanitary measures were adopted during the manufacture and storage of the powdered milk samples. In conclusion, it can be said that all brands of powdered milk possessed the recommend suggested standard in terms of both physical and microbiological qualities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14125 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 106-111
Report of the First Peritoneal Dialysis Program in Guyana, South America
Authors: Altieri Maria , Jindal Tarun R. , Patel Mayur , Oliver David K. , Falta Edward M. , Elster Eric A. , Doyle Alden , Guy Stephen R. , Womble Arthur L. , Jindal Rahul M. 
Published: March 2013

Introduction In 2008, we initiated the first Guyanese comprehensive kidney replacement program, comprising hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), vascular access procedures, and living-donor kidney transplantation. The government of Guyana, US-based philanthropists, US-based physicians, and Guyanese caregivers teamed up to form a public–private partnership. This pilot program was free of cost to the patients. Methods From July 2010 to the time of writing, we placed 17 patients with end-stage kidney disease on PD, which was used as a bridge to living-donor kidney transplantation. During the same period, we placed 12 primary arteriovenous fistulae. Results The 17 patients who received a PD catheter had a mean age of 43.6 years and a mean follow-up of 5.3 months. In that group, 2 deaths occurred (from multi-organ failure) within 2 weeks of catheter placement, and 2 patients were switched to HD because of inadequate clearance. Technical issues were noted in 2 patients, and 3 patients developed peritonitis (treated with intravenous antibiotics). An exit- site abscess in 1 patient was drained under local anesthesia. The peritonitis rate was 0.36 episodes per patient–year. Of the 17 patients who received PD, 4 underwent living-donor kidney transplantation. Conclusions In Guyana, PD is a safe and cost-effective option; it may be equally suitable for similar developing countries. In Guyana, PD was used as a bridge to living-donor kidney transplantation. We have been able to sustain this program since 2008 by making incremental gains and nurturing the ongoing public– private partnership.
<b> Língua brasileira de sinais e implante coclear: relato de um caso</b>
Authors: Valadao Michelle Nave , Nomura Jilma Andrade , Mazer Debora Hungria , Isaac Myriam De Lima 
Published: March 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X2318A perda auditiva é uma das privações sensoriais mais comum nos homens. A principal consequência da perda auditiva reside em sua repercussão no desenvolvimento da linguagem oral e, consequentemente, interferindo em todo o processo de aprendizagem da leitura e escrita. O implante coclear é um dispositivo eletrônico, parcialmente implantado, que visa a proporcionar aos seus usuários sensação auditiva próxima ao fisiológico. É uma boa opção aos portadores de surdez sensorioneural profunda, entretanto, não assegura o desenvolvimento das habilidades auditivas e de linguagem oral. Assim, por não desenvolverem a linguagem oral, os indivíduos com implante coclear não podem ser privados da possibilidade da aquisição e do desenvolvimento da linguagem, pois podem fazer isso utilizando outra forma de comunicação – a língua de sinais. O objetivo deste relato é descrever a experiência do atendimento multidisciplinar de uma criança usuária de implante coclear. B.V.S.R. oito anos, gênero masculino, portador de perda auditiva sensorioneural profunda, bilateral desde o período neonatal. Realizou cirurgia de implante coclear aos três anos de idade, sendo acompanhado segundo abordagem aurioral. Devido ao baixo desempenho escolar apresentado, foi discutido com a equipe multidisciplinar e decidido modificar a abordagem, optando-se por iniciar aprendizagem de língua brasileira de sinais. Após um período de dois anos, segundo a nova abordagem, a criança apresentou considerável evolução em todos os aspectos do desenvolvimento. A mudança de abordagem influenciou positivamente na evolução da criança, pois a mesma alcançou adequado desempenho em diversas habilidades linguísticas.Palavras-chave: Surdez. Implante coclear. Língua brasileira de sinais.
Les formes sociales de l’homosexualité masculine à Bamako dans une perspective comparée : entre tactiques et mobilisations collectives
Authors: Broqua Christophe 
Published: March 2013

La situation actuelle des hommes qui ont des pratiques homosexuelles à Bamako, comme dans d’autres métropoles africaines, présente de fortes similarités avec celle des homosexuels occidentaux durant les décennies qui ont précédé les mouvements dits de « libération ». Parmi les observateurs extérieurs, ces similarités nourrissent parfois l’idée que la situation de ces Africains pourra connaître un sort comparable à celui des homosexuels des pays occidentaux, implicitement positionnés au sommet d’une hiérarchie du développement socio-sexuel, conduisant ainsi à l’adoption d’une lecture évolutionniste. Cet article propose de penser les effets de la mondialisation sur l’évolution des formes sociales de l’homosexualité en Afrique en évitant le double écueil d’une conception évolutionniste et d’une lecture en termes d’homogénéisation des cultures sexuelles.
Incentivising resource sharing in social clouds
Authors: Punceva Magdalena , Rodero Ivan , Parashar Manish , Rana Omer. F. , Petri Ioan 
Published: March 2013

SummarySocial Clouds provide the capability to share resources among participants within a social network—leveraging on the trust relationships already existing between such participants. In such a system, users are able to trade resources between each other rather than make use of capability offered at a (centralized) data center. Although such an environment has significant potential for improving resource utilization and making available additional capacity that remains dormant, incentives for sharing remain an important hurdle limiting its effective. In this paper, we utilize the socioeconomic model proposed by Silvio Gesell to demonstrate how a ‘virtual currency’ can be used to incentivise sharing of resources within a ‘community’. We subsequently demonstrate, through simulations, the benefit provided to participants within such a community using a variety of economic (such as overall credits gained) and technical (number of successfully completed transactions) metrics. Further, we describe our implementation of such a Social Cloud using CometCloud. CometCloud is an autonomic computing engine for cloud and grid environments. It supports highly heterogeneous and dynamic federated cloud/Grid infrastructures, integration of public/private clouds and autonomic cloudbursts. We demonstrate the implementation of two designs on the basis of the master/worker approach: (i) one tuple space per cluster and (ii) one coordination tuple space and multiple transient spaces—one per each cluster. Finally, we discuss an extended version of our Social Cloud model where intermediary relay nodes take on more active roles as traders in a transaction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Pharmacology of Dilevalol (I). Comparison of the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Dilevalol and Labetalol after a Single Oral Administration in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Fujimura Akio , Ohashi Kyoichi , Tsuru Masanobu , Ebihara Akio , Kondo Kazuoki 
Published: March 2013

Dilevalol (25 mg → 50 mg → 100 mg) or labetalol (100 mg) was given orally in six healthy subjects. The study was carried out on four occasions with a week interval. Blood samples for plasma drug concentrations were taken for a 24‐hour post‐drug period. Blood pressure (BP) as well as heart rate (HR) at supine position, during 50° tilting and during a submaximal exercise were measured after each treatment.The mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) as well as the mean area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) increased in a dose‐dependent manner after dilevalol. These parameters after dilevalol 100 mg were significantly lower than after labetalol 100 mg. No significant differences were observed in the time to maximum concentration (tmax), the distribution half‐life (t1/2α) or the elimination half‐life (t1/2β) between dilevalol and labetalol. There were no significant differences in BP at supine position or during 50° tilting among the dosages. Postural changes in HR during 50° tilting was significantly smaller after dilevalol 100 mg than following labetalol 100 mg. The suppressing effect of dilevalol 100 mg on an increase in HR during a submaximal exercise was significantly greater than during labetalol 100 mg.These data indicate that although plasma drug concentrations are lower after dilevalol than following labetalol, the β‐blocking activity of dilevalol is more potent than labetalol.
Influence of H2 Receptor Antagonists on the Disposition of Flurbiprofen Enantiomers
Authors: PharmD Ralph E. Small , Cox Steven R. , Adams Wade J. 
Published: March 2013

The effect of oral cimetidine or ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics of the R and S enantiomers of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug flurbiprofen and its major metabolite, 4′‐hydroxyflurbiprofen, was evaluated. Nine healthy volunteers participated in a randomized crossover design study with the following treatments: (A) flurbiprofen 200 mg; (B) flurbiprofen 200 mg plus ranitidine 150 mg bid for 7 days before and for 2 days after receiving flurbiprofen and (C) flurbiprofen 200 mg plus cimetidine 300 mg qid for 7 days before and for 2 days after receiving flurbiprofen. Blood and urine samples were collected at various intervals during a 48‐hour period. These samples were assayed stereospecifically for flurbiprofen and its metabolite.Small but statistically significant differences in the terminal elimination rate constant (K), maximum peak serum drug concentration (Cmax), time to reach peak concentration (tmax). oral clearance (Cl/F) and area under the curve (AUC) were noted for flurbiprofen enantiomers. No significant treatment*isomer interactions were observed, indicating that neither cimetidine nor ranitidine interacted stereospecifically with flurbiprofen. Cimetidine, but not ranitidine, resulted in small (≤15%) but statistically significant changes in flurbiprofen pharmacokinetic parameters. The interaction between H2‐antagonists and flurbiprofen is unlikely to be clinically important.
The Pharmacodynamics of Ethanol: Effects on Performance and Judgment
Authors: Gengo F. M. , Gabos C. , Straley C. , Manning C. 
Published: March 2013

The objective and subjective effects produced by increasing and decreasing ethanol concentrations were studied in healthy volunteers on three separate occasions. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, four‐way crossover study was used to determine whether there is any disparity between the time course of blood ethanol concentration and its effects on either objective test performance or self rated impairment. On each study day the subjects received one of four treatments consisting of either placebo or sufficient alcohol to achieve peak estimated blood alcohol concentration (Est.BAC) of 0.07 gm/dL, 0.1 gm/dL or 0.14 gm/dL. Est.BAC determined from breath alcohol concentrations were measured 20 minutes after each “dose” until peak Est.BAC was achieved, then 1, 2, 3.5, and 4.5 hours after peak Est.BAC. Digit symbol substitution (DSS), simulated driving reaction time (SDRT), choice reaction time (CRT) and self assessment of impairment (SRI) were measured simultaneously with Est.BAC.Changes in objective performance test scores were well correlated with Est.BAC (r2 = 0.60 P < .01). Maximum impairment in test performance occurred at the same time as peak Est.BAC. Threshold Est.BAC needed to produce changes in objective test scores greater than placebo were 0.06 ± 0.01 for DSS, 0.04 ± 0.01 for SDRT, and 0.04 ± 0.02 for CRT. There was no evidence of between dose or within dose tolerance to the effects produced by various Est.BAC on any of these performance tests.Subjects' self rated degrees of impairment at various Est.BAC were influenced by whether alcohol concentrations were rising or falling. Subjective impairment ratings were greater while alcohol concentrations were increasing compared to the same Est.BAC occurring during falling alcohol concentrations. Disparities between self rated degree of impairment and decrements in test performance were greatest 1.0 hour after peak Est.BAC and maximum decrements in test performance. The delay in subjects' ability to accurately rate their impairment relative to peak Est.BAC may be a contributing factor to motorists choosing to drive while their performance is still impaired.
Drug Delivery Systems 5A. Oral Drug Delivery
Authors: Ranade Vasant V. 
Published: March 2013

The two main advantages of controlled drug delivery systems are: maintenance of therapeutically optimum drug concentrations in the plasma through zero‐order release without significant fluctuations; and elimination of the need for frequent single dose administrations. The oral and other therapeutic systems in human use have validated the concept that controlled continuous drug release can minimize the daily dose of a drug required to maintain the required therapeutic effect, while minimizing unwanted pharmacological effects. By minimizing patient intervention, a design feature of therapeutic systems, compliance is automatically enhanced.Oral drug delivery systems, in particular, have required innovation in materials science to provide materials biocompatible during prolonged contact with body tissues, bioengineering to develop drug delivery modules, and clinical pharmacology for elucidation of drug action under conditions of continuous controlled drug administration.Recent work in advanced oral delivery has been primarily focused on liposome technology and the concept that substances that are normally destroyed by the stomach can be protected long enough before they could be absorbed downstream. For cost and patient convenience, oral delivery certainly would be an attractive method. The nature of biologic substances, however, with their unique technical problems, will probably limit greatly those that can be delivered orally. Besides, where delivery rate control is critical, oral delivery, even when possible, would probably be insufficiently precise. Oral delivery would also limit the substance to bloodstream delivery to the disease site.Even so, oral controlled drug delivery systems will likely find primary usefulness in specific carefully controlled therapies and prophylactic situations with due regard for drug interactions. This system represents a potentially very significant therapeutic modality. These delivery systems will find usefulness primarily in certain well‐defined and well‐controllable areas with due regard for individual patient variations. The purpose of the present article is to review oral controlled‐release drug delivery systems, with particular emphasis on the practical aspects of testing and fabricating these systems and the underlying mechanisms by which control over drug release rate is accomplished.
Whispering‐gallery mode lasing from patterned molecular single‐crystalline microcavity array
Authors: Fang Hong‐Hua , Ding Ran , Lu Shi‐Yang , Yang Yue‐De , Chen Qi‐Dai , Feng Jing , Huang Yong‐Zhen , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOrganic single‐crystalline materials have attracted great attention for laser applications. However, the fabrication of laser resonators and pattern of crystals are still intractable problems. Organic single crystals have been limited to fundamental property studies despite their superior photonic characteristics. In this work, whispering‐gallery mode (WGM) resonators of BP1T and BP2T crystalline materials have been fabricated through a combination method with improved lithography and dry etching. Crystalline microresonators with different geometries over a large area are top‐down fabricated with submicrometer spatial resolution. WGM lasing oscillation from circular, hexagonal, pentagonal and square resonators is definitively observed. The BP1T and BP2T crystals are characterized with high refractive index, and stable lasing in aqueous solution is demonstrated besides in the air environment. It is expected that organic crystalline materials would be used for the practical applications in a variety of organic electronic and optical devices.
Serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 and epidermal growth factor receptor are expressed in pancreatic tubular adenocarcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Ozaki Nobuyuki , Ohmuraya Masaki , Ida Satoshi , Hashimoto Daisuke , Ikuta Yoshiaki , Chikamoto Akira , Hirota Masahiko , Baba Hideo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundSerine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) is expressed in normal human pancreatic acinar cells and in a variety of tumors, and binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mediating cell proliferation through the mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Here, we aimed to assess SPINK1 and EGFR expression in various neoplastic lesions, including tissues demonstrating precancerous changes.MethodsSurgical specimens of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 23), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN;n = 21), pancreatic neoplasms other than ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 8), chronic pancreatitis (n = 11), and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions within the resected specimens were analyzed immunohistochemically for SPINK1 and EGFR expression.ResultsSixty‐five PanIN‐1A, 32 PanIN‐1B, 17 PanIN‐2, and 6 PanIN‐3 were identified. Both SPINK1 and EGFR were expressed in almost all PanIN lesions. All tubular ductal adenocarcinoma, IPMN, and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma samples (neoplasms of ductal origin) expressed SPINK1, whereas acinar cell carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, insulinoma, and islet cell carcinoma did not. EGFR was expressed in 87 % of tubular adenocarcinoma and 48 % of IPMN lesions. Among IPMN lesions, malignant lesions (IPMC) expressed EGFR more often than benign lesions (IPMA) did. Scattered expression of EGFR was observed in normal pancreatic ducts and within the tubular complex within chronic pancreatitis lesions.ConclusionsThese results indicate that SPINK1 plays a role as a growth factor, signaling through the EGFR pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and neoplasms, and that the EGFR is involved in the malignant transformation of IPMN.
Analysis of species coexistence co‐mediated by resource competition and reproductive interference
Authors: Kishi Shigeki , Nakazawa Takefumi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractReproductive interference is any interspecific sexual interaction that reduces the reproductive success of females through promiscuous reproductive activities of heterospecific individuals. This phenomenon is ubiquitous in nature in both plants and animals, and is frequently observed in biological invasions. However, its effects on interspecific competition remain incompletely understood despite growing concern. To study the interactive effects of resource competition and reproductive interference on species coexistence and exclusion, we analyzed a unified competition model including both processes in symmetric and asymmetric scenarios. The results of our model showed that resource competition and reproductive interference act synergistically to promote competitive exclusion. We also found that when the two processes are asymmetric, the species that is superior in reproductive interference can coexist with or even exclude the species that is superior in resource competition. Therefore, coexistence is possible via an unbalanced trade‐off between resource use and reproduction. Our results suggest that integration of reproductive interference and resource competition will contribute to a better understanding of interspecific competition and to more effective biodiversity conservation against management of biological invasions.
Basophile: Accurate Fragment Charge State Prediction Improves Peptide Identification Rates
Authors: Wang Dong , Dasari Surendra , Chambers Matthew C. , Holman Jerry D. , Chen Kan , Liebler Daniel C. , Orton Daniel J. , Purvine Samuel O. , Monroe Matthew E. , Chung Chang Y. , Rose Kristie L. , Tabb David L. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In shotgun proteomics, database search algorithms rely on fragmentation models to predict fragment ions that should be observed for a given peptide sequence. The most widely used strategy (Naive model) is oversimplified, cleaving all peptide bonds with equal probability to produce fragments of all charges below that of the precursor ion. More accurate models, based on fragmentation simulation, are too computationally intensive for on-the-fly use in database search algorithms. We have created an ordinal-regression-based model called Basophile that takes fragment size and basic residue distribution into account when determining the charge retention during CID/higher-energy collision induced dissociation (HCD) of charged peptides. This model improves the accuracy of predictions by reducing the number of unnecessary fragments that are routinely predicted for highly-charged precursors. Basophile increased the identification rates by 26% (on average) over the Naive model, when analyzing triply-charged precursors from ion trap data. Basophile achieves simplicity and speed by solving the prediction problem with an ordinal regression equation, which can be incorporated into any database search software for shotgun proteomic identification.
MYC‐y mice: From tumour initiation to therapeutic targeting of endogenous MYC
Authors: Morton Jennifer P. , Sansom Owen J. 
Published: March 2013

MYC is one of the best‐studied oncogenes in terms of mouse models of malignancy. MYC overexpression has been targeted to several tissues using transgenic constructs, and more recently as mouse models have evolved, conditional systems have been developed to allow the regulation of MYC expression or activity in vivo. The ability to target MYC expression to specific tissues and cell lineages, as well as the ability to regulate that expression, has made genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) a valuable resource for studying the importance of MYC in the process of tumourigenesis. Here we review how these models have been used to address the role of MYC in tumour initiation and maintenance, how subtle changes in levels of MYC can influence tumourigenesis, and finally the ongoing efforts to target endogenous MYC genetically and with novel therapies.