bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing Ion Diffusion and Ion Sieving through Hollow Porous Silica Shells by Imaging the Mobility of Colloids Inside the Shells
Authors: Watanabe Kanako , Welling Tom A. J. , Mendes Rafael G. , Peimanifard Zahra , Bransen Maarten , Namigata Hikaru , van Huis Marijn A. , Nagao Daisuke , van Blaaderen Alfons 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIonic transport through porous membranes and porous materials has received enormous attention due to its importance to many applications. An innovative methodology is proposed to study ion diffusion and ion sieving through mesoporous silica membranes (shells). The mobility of fluorescently labeled core particles within a hollow porous shell, filled with an index‐matched electrolyte solution, is observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The core motion range, i.e., the area explored by the core within the hollow compartment, sensitively changed depending on the local ionic concentration. Monitoring transitions in the core motion range is a practical way to detect which ions can migrate through the shells and on what timescale. For instance, lithium and chloride ions easily diffused through the porous silica shells, resulting in a core motion range that changed relatively quickly upon change of the ion concentrations outside of the shell. However, the motion range changed significantly slower upon changing to a bigger cation (tetraoctylammonium ion). This proof of principle experiment can be explained by the Gibbs‐Donnan effect, revealing that the detection of core motion ranges is a good probe to measure both ion diffusion and ion sieving through porous membranes.
Single‐Phase L10‐Ordered High Entropy Thin Films with High Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Beeson Willie B. , Bista Dinesh , Zhang Huairuo , Krylyuk Sergiy , Davydov Albert V. , Yin Gen , Liu Kai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe vast high entropy alloy (HEA) composition space is promising for discovery of new material phases with unique properties. This study explores the potential to achieve rare‐earth‐free high magnetic anisotropy materials in single‐phase HEA thin films. Thin films of FeCoNiMnCu sputtered on thermally oxidized Si/SiO2 substrates at room temperature are magnetically soft, with a coercivity on the order of 10 Oe. After post‐deposition rapid thermal annealing (RTA), the films exhibit a single face‐centered‐cubic phase, with an almost 40‐fold increase in coercivity. Inclusion of 50 at.% Pt in the film leads to ordering of a single L10 high entropy intermetallic phase after RTA, along with high magnetic anisotropy and 3 orders of magnitude coercivity increase. These results demonstrate a promising HEA approach to achieve high magnetic anisotropy materials using RTA.
Brain‐Targeted Cas12a Ribonucleoprotein Nanocapsules Enable Synergetic Gene Co‐Editing Leading to Potent Inhibition of Orthotopic Glioblastoma
Authors: Ruan Weimin , Xu Sen , An Yang , Cui Yingxue , Liu Yang , Wang Yibin , Ismail Muhammad , Liu Yong , Zheng Meng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGene‐editing technology shows great potential in glioblastoma (GBM) therapy. Due to the complexity of GBM pathogenesis, a single gene‐editing‐based therapy is unlikely to be successful; therefore, a multi‐gene knockout strategy is preferred for effective GBM inhibition. Here, a non‐invasive, biodegradable brain‐targeted CRISPR/Cas12a nanocapsule is used that simultaneously targeted dual oncogenes, EGFR and PLK1, for effective GBM therapy. This cargo nanoencapsulation technology enables the CRISPR/Cas12a system to achieve extended blood half‐life, efficient blood‐brain barrier (BBB) penetration, active tumor targeting, and selective release. In U87MG cells, the combinatorial gene editing system resulted in 61% and 33% knockout of EGFR and PLK1, respectively. Following systemic administration, the CRISPR/Cas12a system demonstrated promising brain tumor accumulation that led to extensive EGFR and PLK1 gene editing in both U87MG and patient‐derived GSC xenograft mouse models with negligible off‐target gene editing detected through NGS. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas12a nanocapsules that concurrently targeted the EGFR and PLK1 oncogenes showed superior tumor growth suppression and significantly improved the median survival time relative to nanocapsules containing single oncogene knockouts, signifying the potency of the multi‐oncogene targeting strategy. The findings indicate that utilization of the CRISPR/Cas12a combinatorial gene editing technique presents a practical option for gene therapy in GBM.
Mechanistic Insights from the Crystal Structure and Computational Analysis of the Radical SAM Deaminase DesII
Authors: Hou Xueli , Feng Jianqiang , Franklin Joseph Livy , Russo Ryan , Guo Zhiyong , Zhou Jiahai , Gao Jin‐Ming , Liu Hung‐wen , Wang Binju 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRadical S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM) enzymes couple the reductive cleavage of SAM to radical‐mediated transformations that have proven to be quite broad in scope. DesII is one such enzyme from the biosynthetic pathway of TDP‐desosamine where it catalyzes a radical‐mediated deamination. Previous studies have suggested that this reaction proceeds via direct elimination of ammonia from an α‐hydroxyalkyl radical or its conjugate base (i.e., a ketyl radical) rather than 1,2‐migration of the amino group to form a carbinolamine radical intermediate. However, without a crystal structure, the active site features responsible for this chemistry have remained largely unknown. The crystallographic studies described herein help to fill this gap by providing a structural description of the DesII active site. Computational analyses based on the solved crystal structure are consistent with direct elimination and indicate that an active site glutamate residue likely serves as a general base to promote deprotonation of the α‐hydroxyalkyl radical intermediate and elimination of the ammonia group.
Improvement of Conductivity and Adhesion of AgNW Flexible Transparent Conductive Coatings by the Capillary Forces Effect and Polyvinyl Alcohol
Authors: Kaikanov Marat , Abduvalov Alshyn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSilver nanowires (AgNW) are prospective for the fabrication of flexible transparent conductive coatings. The main challenge is to ensure low sheet resistance of AgNW coatings at flexible substrates. Herein, a simple low‐temperature post‐treatment method is proposed for improving the conductivity and adhesion of AgNW coatings which is based on the deposition of distilled water (DI) with a small amount of dissolved polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Capillary forces cause a decrease in the sheet resistance of AgNW coatings while the presence of PVA significantly improves the adhesion of nanowires to the flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. As a result, coatings with a transparency of 91% and a sheet resistance of 20 Ω sq‒1 are fabricated. The storage time of coatings in air is increased due to the presence of a thin layer of PVA on AgNW. After 90 days, the sheet resistance of post‐treated AgNW coatings is increased by 11 times, while the sheet resistance of untreated coatings is increased by more than 3000 times. The obtained AgNW coatings are utilized as flexible transparent heaters.
Asbestos exposure and asbestosis mortality in Italian cement‐asbestos cohorts: Dose‐response relationship and the role of competing death causes
Authors: Girardi Paolo , Rigoni Sara , Ferrante Daniela , Silvestri Stefano , Angelini Alessia , Cuccaro Francesco , Oddone Enrico , Vicentini Massimo , Barone‐Adesi Francesco , Tunesi Sara , Migliore Enrica , Roncaglia Francesca , Sala Orietta , Pirastu Roberta , Chellini Elisabetta , Miligi Lucia , Perticaroli Patrizia , Bressan Vittoria , Merler Enzo , Azzolina Danila , Marinaccio Alessandro , Massari Stefania , Magnani Corrado 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn Italy, asbestos was used intensively until its ban in 1992, which was extended for asbestos cement factories until 1994. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dose–response between asbestos exposure and asbestosis mortality across a pool of Italian occupational cohorts, taking into account the presence of competing risks.MethodsCohorts were followed for vital status and the cause of death was ascertained by a linkage with mortality registers. Cause‐specific (CS) Cox‐regression models were used to evaluate the dose‐exposure relationship between asbestosis mortality and the time‐dependent cumulative exposure index (CEI) to asbestos. Fine and Gray regression models were computed to assess the effect of competing risks of death.ResultsThe cohort included 12,963 asbestos cement workers. During the follow‐up period (1960−2012), of a total of 6961 deaths, we observed 416 deaths attributed to asbestosis, 879 to lung cancer, 400 to primary pleural cancer, 135 to peritoneal cancer, and 1825 to diseases of the circulatory system. The CS model showed a strong association between CEI and asbestosis mortality. Dose–response models estimated an increasing trend in mortality even below a CEI of 25 ff/mL‐years. Lung cancer and circulatory diseases were the main competing causes of death.ConclusionsAsbestos exposure among Italian asbestos‐cement workers has led to a very high number of deaths from asbestosis and asbestos‐related diseases. The increasing risk trend associated with excess deaths, even at low exposure levels, suggests that the proposed limit values would not have been adequate to prevent disability and mortality from asbestosis.
Synthesis of Carbazolylamines through Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Direct Electrophilic Aminations
Authors: Liu Zizhen , Zhai Zhiguang , Wu Daoshun , Wei Jianhe , Yang Zhen , Zhang Jie , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA Brønsted acid catalyzed direct and dual C−H amination of carbazoles and indolocarbazoles with N‐Ts iminoquinone acetal is reported. It is characterized that the mentioned C−H amination was determined by the selection of catalysts and the molar ratio of the starting materials. The efficiency of this protocol was showcased by diverse carbazolylamine and indolocarbazolylamine assemblies. The late‐stage functionalization of a series of natural products fully illustrates the synthetic value of this methodology.
An overview of the latest outlook of sulfamate derivatives as anticancer candidates (2020–2024)
Authors: Mustafa Esra M. , Shahin Afnan I. , Alrashed Aishah S. , Bahaaddin Aesheh H. , Alajmi Aljawhra A. , Hashem Omar , Anbar Hanan S. , El‐Gamal Mohammed I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConsidering the emergence of new anticancer drugs, in this review we emphasized and highlighted the recent reports and advances related to sulfamate‐incorporating compounds with potential anticancer activity during the last 5 years (2020–2024). Additionally, we discussed their structure–activity relationship, clarifying their potent bioactivity as anticancer agents. Sulfamate derivatives hold promise as effective therapeutic candidates against cancer. By targeting biological targets associated with the development of cancer, such as steroid sulfatases (STS), carbonic anhydrases (CAs), microtubules, NEDD8‐activating enzyme, small ubiquitin‐like modifiers (SUMO)‐activating enzyme (SAE), cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), and so on, this can furnish small molecules as anticancer lead candidates serving the drug discovery field. For example, compound 2, an STS inhibitor, demonstrated superior activity compared to its reference, irosustat, by fivefold. In addition, compound 21, an SAE, is under phase I clinical trials. Continued research into sulfamate derivatives holds potential for the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting various diseases.
3D imaging and analysis to unveil the impact of microparticles on the pellet morphology of filamentous fungi
Authors: Dinius Anna , Müller Henri , Kellhammer Diana , Deffur Charlotte , Schmideder Stefan , Hammel Jörg U. , Krull Rainer , Briesen Heiko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractControlling the morphology of filamentous fungi is crucial to improve the performance of fungal bioprocesses. Microparticle‐enhanced cultivation (MPEC) increases productivity, most likely by changing the fungal morphology. However, due to a lack of appropriate methods, the exact impact of the added microparticles on the structural development of fungal pellets is mostly unexplored. In this study synchrotron radiation‐based microcomputed tomography and three‐dimensional (3D) image analysis were applied to unveil the detailed 3D incorporation of glass microparticles in nondestructed pellets of Aspergillus niger from MPEC. The developed method enabled the 3D analysis based on 375 pellets from various MPEC experiments. The total and locally resolved volume fractions of glass microparticles and hyphae were quantified for the first time. At increasing microparticle concentrations in the culture medium, pellets with lower hyphal fraction were obtained. However, the total volume of incorporated glass microparticles within the pellets did not necessarily increase. Furthermore, larger microparticles were less effective than smaller ones in reducing pellet density. However, the total volume of incorporated glass was larger for large microparticles. In addition, analysis of MPEC pellets from different times of cultivation indicated that spore agglomeration is decisive for the development of MPEC pellets. The developed 3D morphometric analysis method and the presented results will promote the general understanding and further development of MPEC for industrial application.
A rare case of pulmonary mucormycosis and broncho‐esophageal fistula in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes
Authors: Poursadegh Farid , Shazdeh Ahmadi Safieh , Oskouyan Zahra , Alvandi Fard Mohammad Mahdi , Rezaeetalab Fariba , Mozdorian Mahnaz , Basiri Reza 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageIn patients with poorly controlled diabetes, early recognition of rare fungal infections like pulmonary mucormycosis, especially when presenting with unusual complications such as broncho‐esophageal fistula, is critical. Prompt intervention with antifungal therapy and consideration for surgical debridement significantly impact outcomes. Multidisciplinary management is paramount for such complex cases.AbstractMucormycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by the Mucorales. This infection is mostly observed among those with poorly controlled diabetes or immunodeficiency. The most common presentation of the infection among those with poorly controlled diabetes is rhino‐orbit‐cerebral involvement. In this case report, we provide the history and outcome of a rare case of pulmonary mucormycosis in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes who was simultaneously diagnosed with broncho‐esophageal fistula. Our patient was a 32‐year‐old male with a history of poorly controlled diabetes. Over the months, he had complained of productive coughs and dyspnea, which had lately been joined by dysphagia. He also claimed to have lost considerable weight (10 kg) during the previous 3 months. Barium swallow showed an abnormal flow of contrast between the bronchus and esophagus, suggesting a broncho‐esophageal fistula. Computed tomography of the thorax revealed a broncho‐esophageal fistula between the left main bronchus (LMB) and esophagus. He had a bronchoscopy the next day, which revealed necrosis and a broncho‐esophageal fistula in the LMB. A bronchial biopsy showed typical hyphae with necrotic tissue, indicating mucormycosis. The patient's antimycotic medication (liposomal amphotericin) was started and a prompt surgery consult was ordered. The patient, however, passed away from massive hemoptysis. We described a rare case of pulmonary mucormycosis with broncho‐esophageal fistula in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes. The rarity of this combination highlights the associated diagnostic and treatment hurdles. Early detection, antifungal medication, as soon as possible surgical debridement of involved tissues, and a multidisciplinary approach could improve patient outcomes.
Decoupling Aromatic Yield and Coke Formation in Methanol‐to‐Aromatic Reaction on Zn(II) Exchanged H‐ZSM‐5 Zeolite
Authors: Shang Yihao , Gao Zhiwen , Zhang Min , Shi Xinrui , Fang Shuhui , Yuan Lei , Zhang Wei , Liu Yue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMethanol to aromatic reaction is an alternative pathway to produce aromatics from non‐petroleum resources. Zn‐modified ZSM‐5 zeolite is the widespread catalyst for MTA due to its high activity and selectivity to aromatics. However, a desired high yield of aromatics is usually accompanied with undesired coke formation and fast deactivation of catalyst, because aromatic molecules also serve as the precursor for coke formation. To decouple the aromatic yield and coke formation rate, in this work we use Zn‐ZSM‐5 to investigate coke formation and catalyst deactivation. The coke distribution along the catalyst bed was analyzed and its correlation with the concentration gradient of methanol, olefins and aromatics along the bed was deciphered. Coke was found to form very fast at catalyst bed in the copresence of methanol and aromatics. On the contrary, much less coke was observed at the later layers of the catalyst bed where methanol had been fully converted and aromatics were present in the highest concentration. Based on this finding, we adjusted the reaction conditions to successfully improve the yield of aromatics without reducing catalyst lifetime in compromise, by applying a higher methanol partial pressure that enables a faster consumption of methanol and reduces the period of copresence of methanol and aromatics.
A Two‐Dimensional Cu‐Based Nanosheet Producing Formic Acid Via Glycerol Electro‐Oxidation in Alkaline Water
Authors: Das Srewashi , Jain Siddarth , Banerjee Anwesha , Dutta Arnab 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe sluggishness of the complementary oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is reckoned as one of the major drawbacks in developing an energy‐efficient green hydrogen‐producing electrolyzer. An array of organic molecule oxidation reactions, operational at a relatively low potential, have been explored as a substitute for the OER. Glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) has emerged as a leading alternative in this context because glycerol, a waste of biodiesel manufacturing, has become ubiquitous and accessible due to the significant growth in the biodiesel sector in recent decades. Additionally, the GOR generates several value‐added organic compounds following oxidation that enhance the cost viability of the overall electrolysis reaction. In this study, a low‐cost, room temperature operable, and energy‐efficient synthetic methodology has been developed to generate unique two‐dimensional CuO nanosheets (CuO NS). This CuO NS material was embedded on a carbon paper electrode, which showcased excellent glycerol electro‐oxidation performance operational at a moderately low applied potential. Formic acid is the major product of this CuO NS‐driven GOR (Faradaic efficiency ~80 %), as it is formed primarily via the glyceraldehyde oxidation pathway. This CuO NS material was also active for oxidizing other abundant alcohols like ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol, albeit at a relatively poor efficiency. Therefore, this robust CuO NS material has displayed the potential to be used in large‐scale electrolyzers functioning with HER/GOR reactions.
Monomeric and Dimeric Boron (III) Subphthalocyanines Functionalized with 4‐Hydroxy‐Benzoic Acid as Potential Photosensitizers and Photocatalysts in Sulfoxidation
Authors: Skvortsov Ivan A. , Filatova Elizaveta O. , Birin Kirill P. , Kalyagin Aleksandr A. , Chufarin Alexey E. , Lapshina Daria A. , Shagalov Evgeny V. , Stuzhin Pavel A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAxial modification of boron (III) subphthalocyanine bromides with 4‐hydroxy‐benzoic acid successfully led to the formation of the macrocycles with anchored 4‐carboxyphenoxy group [RsPcPHBA] (R=tBu, H) in the axial position and to a new dimer [sPcPHBAsPc] as minor product. Tri‐tert‐butyl and unsubstituted subphthalocyanines bearing benzoate ([tBusPcBA], [sPcBA]), phenoxy‐group ([tBusPcOPh], [sPcOPh])) in the axial position, have been also investigated as well as control sPcs. All compounds were characterized by NMR, IR, UV‐Vis and mass spectrometry. The electrochemical properties were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Singlet oxygen generation was systematically measured for all synthesized [RsPcX] by kinetic method of chemical trap decomposition (DPBF) and by determination of phosphorescence of singlet oxygen (at 1270 nm). Axially modified subphthalocyanines exhibit high quantum yields of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation (0.47–0.62). The observed exceptional photostability in oxygen‐saturated ethanol or toluene solutions and high 1O2 quantum yields allows to use [tBusPcPHBA] as photocatalysts of selective oxidative transformations of organic sulfides to sulfoxides. Loading the catalyst to 9.7 ⋅ 10−2 mol % made it possible to achieve complete conversion of the substrate (TON up to 1700).
Serotonin signalling in cancer: Emerging mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Chen Lulu , Huang Shuting , Wu Xiaoxue , He Weiling , Song Mei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSerotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) is a multifunctional bioamine serving as a neurotransmitter, peripheral hormone and mitogen in the vertebrate system. It has pleiotropic activities in central nervous system and gastrointestinal function via an orchestrated action of serotonergic elements, particularly serotonin receptor‐mediated signalling cascades. The mitogenic properties of serotonin have garnered recognition for years and have been exploited for repurposing serotonergic‐targeted drugs in cancer therapy. However, emerging conflicting findings necessitate a more comprehensive elucidation of serotonin's role in cancer pathogenesis.Main body and conclusionHere, we provide an overview of the biosynthesis, metabolism and action modes of serotonin. We summarise our current knowledge regarding the effects of the peripheral serotonergic system on tumourigenesis, with a specific emphasis on its immunomodulatory activities in human cancers. We also discuss the dual roles of serotonin in tumour pathogenesis and elucidate the potential of serotonergic drugs, some of which display favourable safety profiles and impressive efficacy in clinical trials, as a promising avenue in cancer treatment.Key points
Primary synthesis and metabolic routes of peripheral 5‐hydroxytryptamine in the gastrointestinal tract.
Advanced research has established a strong association between the serotonergic components and carcinogenic mechanisms.
The interplay between serotonergic signalling and the immune system within the tumour microenvironment orchestrates antitumour immune responses.
Serotonergic‐targeted drugs offer valuable clinical options for cancer therapy.