bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point‐of‐care musculoskeletal ultrasound is critical for the diagnosis of hemarthroses, inflammation and soft tissue abnormalities in adult patients with painful haemophilic arthropathy
Authors: Kidder W. , Nguyen S. , Larios J. , Bergstrom J. , Ceponis A. , von Drygalski A. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryWe previously demonstrated in adult patients with haemophilia (PWH) that hemarthrosis is present in only ~1/3rd of acutely painful joints by using point‐of‐care‐musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS). Therefore, other unrecognized tissue abnormalities must contribute to pain. Using high resolution MSKUS, employing grey scale and power Doppler, we sought to retrospectively (i) investigate soft tissue abnormalities in painful haemophilic joints and (ii) to determine to what extent MSKUS findings, functional or radiographic joint scores correlate with biomarkers of inflammation in PWH. Findings were correlated with Hemophilia Joint Health Scores (HJHS), Pettersson scores, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein and von Willebrand factor activity and antigen levels. A total of 65 MSKUS examinations for acute and chronic joint pains were performed for 34 adult haemophilia patients, mostly for chronic joint pains (72.3%). The most prominent findings (66.5%) pertained to inflammatory soft tissue changes including synovitis, tendinitis, enthesitis, bursitis and fat pad inflammation. Effusions were present in 55.5% and 46.8% of MSKUS performed for acute and chronic pain, respectively. Of those, 90.0% were bloody during acute and 47.6% during persistent pains. While inflammatory biomarkers correlated well with overall HJHS and total Pettersson scores (P < 0.05), they did not differ between those patients with synovitis and those without. MSKUS is emerging as an important modality to diagnose treatable musculoskeletal abnormalities contributing to pain in haemophilic arthropathy, and therefore seems critical for a personalized approach to haemophilia care. The role of biomarkers in this setting remains less clear and requires further investigation.
Low‐Temperature Sintering and Electrical Properties of 0.5Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.35PbTiO3‐0.15PbZrO3 Thick Films
Authors: Vadla Samba Siva , Kulkarni Ajit. R. , Narayanan Venkataramani 
Published: January 2015

The effect of sintering time on phase, grain size, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of 0.5Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.35PbTiO3‐0.15PbZrO3 thick films has been investigated. The thick films used in this study were fabricated by a double‐doctor‐blade tape‐casting technique. Green tapes were sintered at relatively low sintering temperature of 1050°C for 6, 8, 10, and 12 h. Among these, tapes sintered for 10 h were found to exhibit better electrical properties. Based on the obtained properties, prepared thick films could be categorized as soft piezoelectric materials and may be used for fabricating sensors, low‐power transducers, and actuators.
Effect of reduction of lactose in yogurts by addition of β‐galactosidase enzyme on volatile compound profile and quality parameters
Authors: Wolf Irma V. , Vénica Claudia I. , Perotti María C. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryA comparative study between reduced‐lactose yogurts made with added β‐galactosidase (E yogurts) and controls (C yogurts) was performed. The evolution of lactose content, pH, acidity and volatile compounds was measured during fermentation and storage at 5 °C. The hydrolysis percentages of lactose ranged from 75% to 78% in E yogurts and from 10% to 13% in C yogurts at the end of manufacture and stayed without changes throughout storage. There were no significant differences in pH and titratable acidity values among yogurts. A total of 22 volatile compounds were identified. The change in lactose level by the action of β‐galactosidase influenced the production of some volatile compounds derived from this sugar. At the end of fermentation, minor differences in volatile composition were recorded among yogurt samples. During storage, acetaldehyde and diketone levels were always higher in hydrolysed yogurts than their respective controls.
Neoliberal reform for greater competitiveness: labour market deregulation in Japan and Italy
Authors: Watanabe Hiroaki Richard 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAccording to ‘varieties of capitalism’ (VoC) perspective, coordinated market economies (CMEs) attain comparative advantages by coordinating industrial relations and maintaining regulation to a greater extent than liberal market economies and mixed market economies (MMEs). Yet, Japan, a typical CME in the VoC literature, introduced greater labour market flexibility than Italy, an MME. This article analyses why this is the case and claims that the institutional complementarities that had functioned well previously in Japan have been unraveling since the early 1990s and neoliberal deregulation of the labour market ensued. This comparative study of Japan and Italy shows that economic stagnation and the globalisation of finance and production exerted neoliberal pressures on the state and employers to increase competitiveness by introducing market‐oriented policies and business strategies. However, the power resources of labour unions and the partisan composition of the government affected the characteristics of neoliberal changes in labour market policy.
Field and laboratory investigations of budding in the tetillid sponge Cinachyrella cavernosa
Authors: Singh Anshika , Thakur Narsinh L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe budding process of the tetillid sponge Cinachyrella cavernosa was studied for one year in the low intertidal zone near Mhapan (15°55′27.48″N, 73°33′29.89″E), on the central west coast of India. The sponges showed the highest budding frequency when the average water temperature of intertidal rock pools was 32.4±0.23°C (February–March), followed by a significant decrease in budding frequency at 28.2±0.12°C (April–July), and no budding at ≤25.9±0.12°C (August–November). Stepwise multiple regression analysis of physico‐chemical factors revealed temperature as the most prominent factor regulating the intensity of budding. Based on size and morphology, three stages of sponge buds were defined. The production of buds was found to be asynchronous, as adult sponges possessed buds of all three stages. Differences among these stages were examined at ultrastructural (in terms of spicules) and molecular (in terms of RNA/DNA) levels. Stage I (<0.5 mm dia‐meter) buds showed a complete absence of microscleres (sigmaspires), whereas stage II (0.5–1 mm) and stage III (>1 mm) buds contained all spicules characteristic of the adult sponge. There was a significant increase in RNA/DNA ratio from stage I to III, suggestive of a progressive increase in physiological activity during the developmental process. Additionally, we studied post‐settlement bud growth under field and laboratory conditions. Newly settled buds displayed a lower average‐specific growth rate in the field, owing to variability in environmental conditions, but more rapid growth under controlled conditions in the laboratory. This study highlights the role of abiotic factors in regulating the budding process and stresses the ecological significance of budding in maintaining natural sponge populations. Our data suggest that an increased frequency of budding under stressful conditions, such as high temperature, is an advantageous adaptation for these sponges. Buds showed rapid development, as no metamorphosis is involved, and retained the genotype of the parents, yielding high reproductive outputs and survival rates.
Genetic data from the red alga Palmaria palmata reveal a mid‐Pleistocene deep genetic split in the North Atlantic
Authors: Li Jing‐Jing , Hu Zi‐Min , Duan De‐Lin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimWe examined the biogeographical divergence, population‐level genetic differentiation and historical genetic exchange of the red macroalga Palmaria palmata in order to test whether populations on opposite sides of the North Atlantic underwent different demographic histories.LocationNorth Atlantic rocky intertidal zones between c. 42 and 65° N.MethodsWe compiled mitochondrial (mtDNA) cox2–3 and plastid rpl12–rps31–rpl9 sequences from 333 and 310 individuals of P. palmata, respectively. Median‐joining networks were constructed to evaluate the genetic relationships among haplotypes. Pairwise genetic differentiation (FST) was calculated to elucidate population genetic structure. Spatial analysis of molecular variance was used to define genetic differentiation between groups. Extended Bayesian skyline plots and IMa2 were used to estimate historical demography, genetic divergence and gene flow between regions.ResultsThe mtDNA cox2–3 haplotype network and phylogenetic trees consistently showed that North Atlantic P. palmata divided into two genetic lineages in association with mid‐Pleistocene (0.126–0.781 Ma) climate change. The demographic expansion time for European populations was c. 0.169–0.320 Ma. North American populations underwent demographic expansion c. 0.400 Ma but, for the populations in the Bay of Fundy, a sharp population‐size contraction happened c. 0.013–0.160 Ma. IMa2 analysis revealed no gene flow between the European and North American coasts.Main conclusionsOur results suggest significant genetic differentiation in P. palmata both at a trans‐Atlantic continental scale and at a European basin scale, and that multiple glacial refugia may have existed for this species. Long‐term isolation within the Atlantic may have contributed greatly to structuring the population‐genetic differentiation of P. palmata. Our results also stress the importance of combining different gene markers to understand the phylogeographical history and genetic structure of marine biota.
Safe and effective treatment of spontaneous neoplasms with interleukin 12 electro‐chemo‐gene therapy
Authors: Cutrera Jeffry , King Glenn , Jones Pamela , Kicenuik Kristin , Gumpel Elias , Xia Xueqing , Li Shulin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractElectroporation improves the anti‐tumour efficacy of chemotherapeutic and gene therapies. Combining electroporation‐mediated chemotherapeutics with interleukin 12 (IL‐12) plasmid DNA produces a strong yet safe anti‐tumour effect for treating primary and refractory tumours. A previously published report demonstrated the efficacy of a single cycle of IL‐12 plasmid DNA and bleomycin in canines, and, similarly, this study further demonstrates the safety and efficacy of repeated cycles of chemotherapy plus IL‐12 gene therapy for long‐term management of aggressive tumours. Thirteen canine patients were enrolled in this study and received multiple cycles of electro‐chemo‐gene therapy (ECGT) with IL‐12 pDNA and either bleomycin or gemcitabine. ECGT treatments are very effective for inducing tumour regression via an antitumour immune response in all tested histotypes except for sarcomas, and these treatments can quickly eradicate or debulk large squamous cell carcinomas. The versatility of ECGT allows for response‐based modifications which can overcome treatment resistance for affecting refractory lesions. Importantly, not a single severe adverse event was noted even in animals receiving the highest doses of chemotherapeutics and IL12 pDNA over multiple treatment cycles. This report highlights the safety, efficacy and versatility of this treatment strategy. The data reveal the importance of inducing a strong anti‐tumour response for successfully affecting not only the treated tumours, but also non‐treated metastatic tumours. ECGT with IL12 pDNA plus chemotherapy is an effective strategy for treating multiple types of spontaneous cancers including large, refractory and multiple tumour burdens.
Complication Rates for Fluoroscopic Guided Interlaminar Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections Performed by Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists in Diverse Practice Settings
Authors: Beissel Donald E. 
Published: January 2015

Study question:
What is the complication rate for Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) performing fluoroscopic guided lumbar epidural steroid injections (LESIs)?

Methods:
CRNA pain practitioners responded to questionnaires regarding their education level, experience, and practice locations. Participants also collected data on number of fluoroscopic guided LESIs performed and each of 20 complications for a 6-month period, and answered a poll regarding satisfaction with the data collection process.

Results:
Participants represented urban (23%) and rural (77%) practices; as well as office/clinic (31%) hospital (62%) and mixed (7%) practice settings. Both Masters (62%) and Doctoral prepared (38%) CRNAs participated. Their experience in performing fluoroscopic guided LESIs ranged from 1 to 17 years and 50 to 12,000 procedures. Rate of occurrence for each complication was below 1%. Participants had higher rates of bruising and vasovagal reactions than other complications. No paralysis or death occurred. Neither practice setting nor experience level was related to complication rates. Participants expressed interest in participating in additional studies of complication rates.

Conclusion:
CRNAs were able to safely and effectively perform fluoroscopic guided LESIs with complication rates similar to physician rates cited in the literature. Additional study of definitions of complications and CRNA complication rates for other pain management procedures is recommended.
ABCB1 and ABCB19 auxin transporters have synergistic effects on early and late Arabidopsis anther development
Authors: Cecchetti Valentina , Brunetti Patrizia , Napoli Nadia , Fattorini Laura , Altamura Maria Maddalena , Costantino Paolo , Cardarelli Maura 
Published: January 2015

AbstractArabidopsis abcb1 abcb19 double mutants defective in the auxin transporters ABCB1/PGP1 and ABCB19/PGP19 are altered in stamen elongation, anther dehiscence and pollen maturation. To assess the contribution of these transporters to stamen development we performed phenotypic, histological analyses, and in situ hybridizations on abcb1 and abcb19 single mutant flowers. We found that pollen maturation and anther dehiscence are precocious in the abcb1 but not in the abcb19 mutant. Accordingly, endothecium lignification is altered only in abcb1 anthers. Both abcb1 and abcb1 abcb19 stamens also show altered early development, with asynchronous anther locules and a multilayer tapetum. DAPI staining showed that the timing of meiosis is asynchronous in abcb1 abcb19 anther locules, while only a small percentage of pollen grains are non‐viable according to Alexander's staining. In agreement, TAM (TARDY ASYNCHRONOUS MEIOSIS), as well as BAM2 (BARELY ANY MERISTEM)—involved in tapetal cell development—are overexpressed in abcb1 abcb19 young flower buds. Correspondingly, ABCB1 and ABCB19 mRNA localization supports the observed phenotypes of abcb1 and abcb1 abcb19 mutant anthers. In conclusion, we provide evidence that auxin transport plays a significant role both in early and late stamen development: ABCB1 plays a major role during anther development, while ABCB19 has a synergistic role.
Simultaneously disrupting AtPrx2, AtPrx25 and AtPrx71 alters lignin content and structure in Arabidopsis stem
Authors: Shigeto Jun , Itoh Yoshitaka , Hirao Sakie , Ohira Kaori , Fujita Koki , Tsutsumi Yuji 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPlant class III heme peroxidases catalyze lignin polymerization. Previous reports have shown that at least three Arabidopsis thaliana peroxidases, AtPrx2, AtPrx25 and AtPrx71, are involved in stem lignification using T‐DNA insertion mutants, atprx2, atprx25, and atprx71. Here, we generated three double mutants, atprx2/atprx25, atprx2/atprx71, and atprx25/atprx71, and investigated the impact of the simultaneous deficiency of these peroxidases on lignins and plant growth. Stem tissue analysis using the acetyl bromide method and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage revealed improved lignin characteristics, such as lowered lignin content and increased arylglycerol‐β‐aryl (β‐O‐4) linkage type, especially β‐O‐4 linked syringyl units, in lignin, supporting the roles of these genes in lignin polymerization. In addition, none of the double mutants exhibited severe growth defects, such as shorter plant stature, dwarfing, or sterility, and their stems had improved cell wall degradability. This study will contribute to progress in lignin bioengineering to improve lignocellulosic biomass.
The emerging role of peptidyl‐prolyl isomerase chaperones in tau oligomerization, amyloid processing, and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Blair Laura J. , Baker Jeremy D. , Sabbagh Jonathan J. , Dickey Chad A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPeptidyl‐prolylcis/transisomerases (PPIases), a unique family of molecular chaperones, regulate protein folding at proline residues. These residues are abundant within intrinsically disordered proteins, like the microtubule‐associated protein tau. Tau has been shown to become hyperphosphorylated and accumulate as one of the two main pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease, the other being amyloid beta (Aβ).PPIases, including Pin1,FK506‐binding protein (FKBP) 52,FKBP51, andFKBP12, have been shown to interact with and regulate tau biology. This interaction is particularly important given the numerous proline‐directed phosphorylation sites found on tau and the role phosphorylation has been found to play in pathogenesis. This regulation then affects downstream aggregation and oligomerization of tau. However, manyPPIases have yet to be explored for their effects on tau biology, despite the high likelihood of interaction based on proline content. Moreover, Pin1,FKBP12,FKBP52, cyclophilin (Cyp) A, CypB, and CypD have been shown to also regulate Aβ production or the toxicity associated with Aβ pathology. Therefore,PPIases directly and indirectly regulate pathogenic protein multimerization in Alzheimer's disease and represent a family rich in targets for modulating the accumulation and toxicity.imageHere, we summarize what is known about peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) in Alzheimer's disease and discuss their potential utility for therapeutic development and gaining mechanistic insights. The tau protein contains more than 40 proline residues while the amyloid precursor protein contains critical proline residues that lead to amyloid formation. Prolines help control protein phosphorylation, but they also play a very important role in protein structure. We discuss this latter function and the potential role of the ~ 36 PPIases in Alzheimer's pathobiology.
Exosome‐mediated inflammasome signaling after central nervous system injury
Authors: de Rivero Vaccari Juan Pablo , Brand Frank , Adamczak Stephanie , Lee Stephanie W. , Perez‐Barcena Jon , Wang Michael Y. , Bullock M. Ross , Dietrich W. Dalton , Keane Robert W. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNeuroinflammation is a response against harmful effects of diverse stimuli and participates in the pathogenesis of brain and spinal cord injury (SCI). The innate immune response plays a role in neuroinflammation following CNS injury via activation of multiprotein complexes termed inflammasomes that regulate the activation of caspase 1 and the processing of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18. We report here that the expression of components of the nucleotide‐binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptor protein‐1 (NLRP‐1) inflammasome, apoptosis speck‐like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase 1 are significantly elevated in spinal cord motor neurons and cortical neurons after CNS trauma. Moreover, NLRP1 inflammasome proteins are present in exosomes derived from CSF of SCI and traumatic brain‐injured patients following trauma. To investigate whether exosomes could be used to therapeutically block inflammasome activation in the CNS, exosomes were isolated from embryonic cortical neuronal cultures and loaded with short‐interfering RNA (siRNA) against ASC and administered to spinal cord‐injured animals. Neuronal‐derived exosomes crossed the injured blood–spinal cord barrier, and delivered their cargo in vivo, resulting in knockdown of ASC protein levels by approximately 76% when compared to SCI rats treated with scrambled siRNA. Surprisingly, siRNA silencing of ASC also led to a significant decrease in caspase 1 activation and processing of IL‐1β after SCI. These findings indicate that exosome‐mediated siRNA delivery may be a strong candidate to block inflammasome activation following CNS injury.
imageWe propose the following signaling cascade for inflammasome activation in peripheral tissues after CNS injury: CNS trauma induces inflammasome activation in the nervous system and secretion of exosomes containing inflammasome protein cargo into cerebral spinal fluid. The inflammasome containing exosomes then fuse with target cells to activate the innate immune response in peripheral tissues. We suggest that these findings may be used to develop new therapeutics to treat the devastating inflammation and cell destruction evoked by CNS injuries. IL‐1β and IL‐18 = pro‐inflammatory cytokines.
Opposite control of frontocortical 2‐arachidonoylglycerol turnover rate by cannabinoid type‐1 receptors located on glutamatergic neurons and on astrocytes
Authors: Belluomo Ilaria , Matias Isabelle , Pernègre Camille , Marsicano Giovanni , Chaouloff Francis 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study examined the respective influences of cannabinoid type‐1 (CB1) receptors expressed either in forebrain GABAergic neurons, in cortical glutamatergic neurons, or in astrocytes on the turnover rates of the endocannabinoids N‐arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG), and the non‐cannabinoid N‐acylethanolamides, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), in mouse forebrain regions. To this end, conditional mutant mice lacking CB1 receptors from either of these cell types were pre‐treated systemically with JZL195, a dual inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase, the enzyme degrading AEA, PEA, and OEA, and of monoacylglycerol lipase, the main 2‐AG‐degrading enzyme. The analyses of frontocortical, hippocampal, and striatal AEA, 2‐AG, PEA, and OEA concentrations revealed that their respective baseline concentrations were not influenced by the mouse genotype. On the other hand, the accumulation of frontocortical and/or hippocampal 2‐AG levels in JZL195‐pre‐treated mice was dependent on the mouse genotype. Thus, JZL195‐induced 2‐AG accumulation rates were diminished in the frontal cortex of mice lacking CB1 receptors in glutamatergic neurons while their respective values were increased in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of mice lacking these receptors in astrocytes. These genotypic differences occurred with parallel and proportionate changes in the fractional rate constants for degradation of 2‐AG, thus providing a mechanism whereby the baseline levels of 2‐AG remained constant between genotypes. Besides suggesting a cell‐type‐specific control of frontocortical and/or hippocampal 2‐AG synthesis and degradation rates by CB1 receptors, this study highlights the interest of assessing endocannabinoid turnover rates when questioning the status of the endocannabinoid system.
image
In mice lacking CB1 receptors from glutamatergic neurons (Glu‐CB1−/−) or from astrocytes (GFAP‐CB1−/−), frontocortical and hippocampal 2‐AG levels are not altered. Turnover studies indicate, however, that decreased 2‐AG synthesis occurs with decreased degradation in Glu‐CB1−/− mice, whereas the opposite is observed in GFAP‐CB1−/− mice. 2‐AG, 2‐arachidonoylglycerol; CB1, cannabinoid type‐1; Glu, glutamate.