bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time motion tracking using optical flow on multiple GPUs
Authors: Mahmoudi S.A. , Kierzynka M. , Manneback P. , Kurowski K. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Motion tracking algorithms are widely used in computer vision related research. However, the new video standards, especially those in high resolutions, cause that current implementations, even running on modern hardware, no longer meet the needs of real-time processing. To overcome this challenge several GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) computing approaches have recently been proposed. Although they present a great potential of a GPU platform, hardly any is able to process high definition video sequences efficiently. Thus, a need arose to develop a tool being able to address the outlined problem.
In this paper we present software that implements optical flow motion tracking using the Lucas-Kanade algorithm. It is also integrated with the Harris corner detector and therefore the algorithm may perform sparse tracking, i.e. tracking of the meaningful pixels only. This allows to substantially lower the computational burden of the method. Moreover, both parts of the algorithm, i.e. corner selection and tracking, are implemented on GPU and, as a result, the software is immensely fast, allowing for real-time motion tracking on videos in Full HD or even 4K format. In order to deliver the highest performance, it also supports multiple GPU systems, where it scales up very well
Vertical vibrations of composite bridge/track structure/high-speed train systems. Part 1: Series-of-types of steel-concrete bridges
Authors: Podworna M. , Klasztorny M. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A new series-of-types of single-span simply-supported railway composite (steel-concrete) bridges, with a symmetric platform, has been designed according to the Polish bridge standards. The designed bridges/viaducts are located on the main railways of the classification coefficient k = +2. A ballasted track structure adapted to high operating speeds has also been designed. The ultimate limit states and the limit states corresponding to the bridges undertaken are collected and discussed. The bridges have been designed in accordance with contemporary art engineering, with geometric and material optimization, avoiding overdesign. A new methodology of numerical modelling and simulation of dynamic processes in composite bridge/ballasted track structure/high speed train systems, developed in Part 2 and Part 3, has been applied and implemented in a problem-oriented computer programme. A new approach to predicting forced resonances in those systems is formulated and tested numerically. It has been proved that in the case of typical structural solutions of bridges and ballasted track structures, it is necessary to introduce certain limitations for operating speeds of trains
Extracellular matrix in tumours as a source of additional neoplastic lesions - a review
Authors: Madej Janusz A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The review describes the role of cells of extracellular matrix (ECM) as a source of neoplastic outgrowths additional to the original tumour. The cells undergo a spontaneous transformation or stimulation by the original tumour through intercellular signals, e.g. through Shh protein (sonic hedgehog). Additionally, cells of an inflammatory infiltrate, which frequently accompany malignant tumours and particularly carcinomas, may regulate tumour cell behaviour. This is either by restricting tumour proliferation or, inversely, by induction and stimulation of the proliferation of another tumour cell type, e.g. mesenchymal cells. The latter type of tumour may involve formation of histologically differentiated stromal tumours (GIST), which probably originate from interstitial cells of Cajal in the alimentary tract. Occasionally, e.g. in gastric carcinoma, proliferation involves lymphoid follicles and lymphocytes of GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue), which gives rise to lymphoma. The process is preceded by the earlier stage of intestinal metaplasia, or is induced by gastritis alone. This is an example of primary involvement of inflammatory infiltrate cells in neoplastic progression. Despite the numerous histogenetic classifications of tumours (zygotoma benignum et zygotoma malignum, or mesenchymomata maligna et mesenchymomata benigna), currently in oncological diagnosis the view prevails that the direction of tumour differentiation and its degree of histologic malignancy (grading) are more important factors than the histogenesis of the tumour.
Prevalence of Dirofilaria repens in dogs in central-eastern Poland and histopathological changes caused by this infection
Authors: Osińska Barbara , Demiaszkiewicz Aleksander W. , Pyziel Anna M. , Dolka Izabella 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of canine dirofilariosis in four provinces of central-eastern Poland and to describe pathological changes occurring during the course of this parasitosis. A total of 188 dogs aged from one and a half up to 16 years were examined for dirofilariosis. Blood samples were analysed for the presence of microfilariae using Knott method, as well as the method of Kingston and Morton. Pathomorphological examination of two dogs was also performed. Histological sections were stained with H&E, AB-PAS, van Gieson, and von Kossa methods. Microfilariae of Dirofilaria repens were found in blood samples of dogs that originated from the Mazowieckie, Lubelskie, and Podlaskie provinces. The mean prevalence of that species was 12.7%. Autopsy revealed the adult nematodes in the subcutaneous connective tissue. Microscopic examinations indicated the presence of microfilariae in the liver, kidneys, lungs, heart muscle, and intestines. Necrotic foci, thrombosis, and infiltrations of different intensity with eosinophils in internal organs were also observed. Significant lesions in different internal organs together with the presence of numerous microfilariae suggest their important role in the disease process.
Pathomorphological changes in the alimentary system of Japanese quails naturally infected with Eimeria tsunodai
Authors: Gesek Michał , Welenc Joanna , Tylicka Zofia , Otrocka-Domagała Iwona , Paździor Katarzyna , Rotkiewicz Agnieszka 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate pathomorphological changes in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and caecum of Japanese quails naturally infected with Eimeria tsunodai. Samples of the intestines were collected from 6-week-old cockerels and hens before laying and from laying quails aged 12, 24, and 48 weeks. The tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, PAS method according to McManus, and Ziehl-Neelsen method. Morphometric and morphological analyses of coccidia revealed that Eimeria tsunodai was responsible for the infection. Different developmental stages of the coccidia were observed almost exclusively in the caecum, and they led to the complete damage of caecal mucosa. The main changes observed in the caecum involved mucosal damage, atrophy of the folds and crypts, and mucosal desquamation. No significant inflammation changes were detected. The degree of damage to caecal mucosa increased with age and the greatest damage was noted at the age of 48 weeks. Eimeria tsunodai infections occur in Japanese quails during the entire laying period. Different developmental stages of coccidia are responsible for total damage to caecal mucosa.
Effect of temperature on the growth kinetics of Salmonella Enteritidis in cooked ham
Authors: Szczawińska Małgorzata Ewa , Szczawiński Jacek , Łobacz Adriana 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine a growth rate of Salmonella Enteritidis in cooked ham stored under different temperatures and to compare usefulness of the mathematical models for describing the microbiological data. The samples of cooked pork ham were inoculated with the mixture of three Salmonella Enteritidis strains and stored at 5°C, 10°C, 15°C for 21 d, and at 20°C and 25°C for 5 d. The number of salmonellae was determined at 10 periods of storage at each temperature. From each sample a series of decimal dilutions were prepared and plated onto Brilliant Green Agar. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24-48 h under aerobic conditions. The colonies grown on culture media were counted, bacterial counts were multiplied by the appropriate dilutions, and number of bacteria (colony-forming units) was calculated. The bacterial counts were transformed into logarithms and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. The experiment was performed in five replicates. The obtained growth curves of bacteria were fitted to primary growth models, namely Gompertz, logistic, and Baranyi models. The goodness-of-fit test was evaluated by calculating mean square error and Akaike’s criterion. Growth kinetics values from the modified Gompertz and logistic equations were calculated. It was found that in samples of ham stored at 5°C and 10°C for 21 d, the number of bacteria remained almost at the same level during storage. In samples stored at 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C growth of salmonellae was observed. It was found that logistic model gave in most cases the best fit to obtained microbiological data describing the behaviour of S. Enteritidis in cooked ham. The growth kinetics values calculated in this study from logistic equations can be used to predict potential S. Enteritidis growth in cooked ham stored at 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C.
Concentration of lead, cadmium, and mercury in tissues of European beaver (Castor fiber) from the north-eastern Poland
Authors: Giżejewska Aleksandra , Spodniewska Anna , Barski Dariusz 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) in the liver, kidneys, and muscles of European beavers (Castor fiber) and thus to evaluate the degree of heavy metals contamination in Warmia and Mazury region in Poland. The study was conducted on free-living beavers captured in region of Warmia and Mazury during autumn 2011. Concentrations of the elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The presence of the metals was detected in all individual tissue samples. Mean Pb and Hg concentrations were relatively low. However, the high mean Cd level, especially in the kidneys (7.933 mg/kg) and liver (0.880 mg/kg) was demonstrated. Despite the fact that region of Warmia and Mazury is considered to be “ecologically clean”, the conducted studies indicate that systematic monitoring for the presence of heavy metals is necessary not only in industrialised but also in agricultural regions, as well as in natural ecosystems.
Recurrent respiratory disorders in Polish Konik horses - clinical and laboratory findings
Authors: Niedźwiedź Artur , Jaworski Zbigniew 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of chronic respiratory disorders in Polish Konik horses maintained in a stable and pasture, under condition typical for pleasure horses in Poland. The study was conducted on 14 adult horses, consistent with regard to environment and living conditions. The horses were divided into two groups: seven horses not affected by any respiratory problem (control group) and seven horses with history of lower airway disease (study group). Clinical and laboratory evaluation, endoscopic examination, bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheal wash, and lung ultrasound were performed in all horses. Median (25th and 75th percentiles) for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid differential cell count in control horses was 55.8 (49.8 and 59.1) of macrophages, 41 (38.5 and 45.9) of lymphocytes, and 5.1 (4.1 and 5.3) of neutrophils, whereas in the study group they were 32.8 (25.9 and 35.7) of macrophages, 59.8 (51.3 and 64.8) of lymphocytes, and 38.1 (34.8 and 41.1) of neutrophils. It was concluded that chronic respiratory disorders in Polish Konik horses were probably caused by recurrent airway obstruction.
Evaluation of the influence of transport and adaptation stress on chosen immune and oxidative parameters and occurrence of respiratory syndrome in feedlot calves
Authors: Wernicki Andrzej , Urban-Chmiel Renata , Puchalski Andrzej , Dec Marta 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Immune and oxidative parameters were evaluated as indicators of the influence of stress on the occurrence of respiratory syndrome in feedlot calves. The study was carried out on 60 2 and a half-month-old Simmentaler calves transported at feedlot. Mean daily feed consumption, daily weight gain, and behavioural activity were evaluated. Blood was collected on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of feedlot. Serum NO ions, lipid peroxidation, acute phase proteins, IgG, and IgM were determined. The calves showed a decrease in feed consumption during the first 7 d of the feedlot. Sporadic stereotypies were noted. NO concentration showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase on days 7 and 14. Concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased (P < 0.05) on days 1 and 3. IgM concentration was found to be considerably lower on days 14 and 28. Serum haptoglobin level showed a significant increase in stressed calves on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 of the feedlot. Based on these results, it can be suggested that stressors associated with transport and adaptation to the feedlot induce a stress reaction in calves, resulting in behavioural disorders, reduced weight gain, suppression of the humoral immunity and increased morbidity during the first weeks. These parameters seem to be crucial in evaluating the animals' health and welfare.
Transcriptomic profiling of peripheral blood nucleated cells in dogs with and without clinical signs of chronic mitral valve disease
Authors: Garncarz Magdalena , Hulanicka Magdalena , Parzeniecka-Jaworska Marta , Garncarz Jacek , Jank Michał 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to demonstrate differences in the gene expression of signalling pathways between healthy dogs and dogs with chronic mitral valve disease in different heart failure groups. Blood samples were collected from 49 dogs of various breeds between 1.4 and 15.2 years of age. Isolated RNA samples were analysed for quality and integrity and the gene expression profile was determined. The study demonstrated that nucleated cells from peripheral blood can be used to assess the status of heart failure in dogs. Furthermore, significant differences in the expression of the genes were noticed between healthy dogs and dogs with clinical signs of chronic mitral valve disease. This is a preliminary non-invasive study showing the feasibility of genetic testing from peripheral blood nucleated cells, which at the same time has made it possible to set the future directions of genetic studies in clinical cases of canine chronic mitral valve disease.
Expression of α and β oestrogen receptors within the claustrum in rabbit males
Authors: Matysek Małgorzata , Krakowska Izabela , Lonc Grzegorz , Lalak Roman 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of α (Erα) and β (Erβ) oestrogen receptors in rabbit male’s claustrum, and thus to examine whether oestrogens may influence nerve cells’ functions of this structure. The material for the study was obtained from the brains of seven rabbits. To detect the presence of Erα and Erβ, specific monoclonal antibodies were used. The expression of Erα and Erβ was demonstrated in proper claustrum, as well as in the nucleus endopiriformis. For Erβ, the reaction occurred mainly in the cell nucleus, whereas Erα was localised predominantly in the neuron cytoplasm. For both Erα and Erβ, the nuclear and cytoplasmic localisation was observed in a small percentage of the examined cells. The obtained results may indicate oestrogen influence on the brain area and also suggest a further research on oestrogen-dependent pathways in males, which still remain greatly unexplored.
Investment performance of hedge funds
Authors: Aspadarec Waldemar 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Economic function of hedge funds is exactly the same as the one performed by investment funds. In both cases managers are in charge of investors’ money. Investors hope that if they withdraw their money, they will recover their contribution and fair return. The first section of the article presents the essence of hedge funds. The second section discusses measures for assessing the effects of investment policy pursued by hedge funds. The third section analyses the investment performance of hedge funds compared to S&P 500 index. The results of the analysis enabled the author to state that hedge funds achieve considerably higher rates of return regardless of market situation.
Vulnerability to foreign macroeconomic shocks – an empirical study in cross-industry perspective. Example of 2008–2009 global crisis in Europe*
Authors: Domańska Agnieszka , Serwa Dobromił 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The paper analyses the factors explaining the vulnerability of the European countries’ industries to foreign trade and production downturn in the years 2008-2009 and attempts to identify branches and industries (or their features significant in this context) that most greatly contributed to the last crisis transmission in Europe, mainly through the slump in their trade. Among those factors we took into particular consideration: the level of specialization versus diversification of the export basket and production, trade openness in the cross-country and cross-industry perspective, the intra-industry/inter-industry structure of trade and the financial openness.
Model of Financial Crisis Contagion: A Survey-based Simulation by Means of the Modified Kaplan-Meier Survival Plots
Authors: Roszkowska Paulina , Prorokowski Łukasz 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present a broad picture and novel aspects of the financial crisis contagion with respect to the stages of crisis contagion and its propagation factors. We employ a pioneering approach to a simulation of the financial crisis contagion by embarking on a qualitative query rather than on empirical data (i.e. by adopting an international investor’s perspective by conducting the qualitative query backed by semi-structured interviews with financial markets’ participants). Building on modified Kaplan-Meier Survival Plots, we suggest a model for the financial crisis contagion based on international linkages between markets, with particular attention paid to spot vulnerabilities in regulatory frameworks that allowed for the crisis to spread. Simulation results showed that there were several phases of crisis contagion in Europe, and different countries (regions) were contained via different paths, propagated by different factors with not equal intensity. The diversity of European countries’ susceptibility is evident not only when comparing advanced markets to the emerging ones, but also within these groups. Hereto, both international investment practitioners, as well as pan European market authorities should analyse with scrutiny the links emerging from the simulation, so that to develop sound and efficient investment strategies or impose tailor-made regulations for financial markets.
Structure of a decision support subsystem in real estate management
Authors: Renigier-Biłozor Małgorzata 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This study proposes a decision support subsystem in real estate management. Owing to the complex and multi-layered character of the discussed problem, only selected aspects of real estate management are discussed in this paper. The described system will play the role of a relatively simple and effective “assistant” which is expected to maximize the effectiveness of a decision and shorten decision-making time. The author has made an attempt to develop a subsystem as an adviser to subjects operating in the real estate management. This system was developed accounting for and combining the classical economic and real estate market theories with the implementation of non-classical methods in the data mining category in an effort to increase its effectiveness. The rough set theory has been proposed as a tool that supports analytical processes. Fuzzy logic best reproduces expert knowledge, and it is one of the most effective tools for solving “vaguely defined” problems.
The given work is an attempt to prove the hypothesis that: the reduction of uncertainty in the real estate management decision-making process is possible by the development of the advisory system based on the rough set theory. The main aim of this work is to increase the efficiency and efficacy of entities operating in the real estate management, thus influencing the effectivness of the entity and management.
Interest rates and changes in zloty deposits of households in Poland
Authors: Skikiewicz Robert 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The article presents the results of analyses on the impact of interest rates on changes in zloty deposits of households. In the article a comparison was made of the effects of using the two chosen methods of extracting the cyclical component in time series and the impact on performance of interest rates as predictors of cyclical turning points of deposits. The obtained results indicate that the choice of the method influences the identification of turning points. Irrespectively of the method used to extract a cyclical component, the interest rate on new deposits performs better than the interest rate on outstanding amounts of deposits in predicting turning points of zloty deposits of households.
The price bubble morphology
Authors: Tyc Waldemar 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The article presents a discourse on the mechanism by which price bubbles emerge and burst. For idealization purposes the author assumes that even though price bubbles emerge in various markets, their morphology differs from market to market, be it the hi-tech stock (or, more generally, the stock market), the real estate market (where land is of fixed supply) or the housing market. The sources of their diversification lie in the type and weight of the causes of their appearance, the differences between their causative and functional determinants and the market feedbacks. Any interpretation of the nomological diversification of price bubbles (in the sense of their categorisation) requires looking at the system pragmatics and the market in which they emerge. Thus the designations of economic systems and the specifics of markets constitute both the economic and the institutional environment of their origin. They also constitute the necessary context for their understanding and interpretation, as price bubbles rise and collapse within specific functional structures of an economic system.
Efficiency estimation for permanent magnets of synchronous wind generators
Authors: Serebryakov A. , Levin N. , Sokolov A. , Kamolins E. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Application of wind generators opens wide possibilities for raising the efficiency of low- and medium-power wind generators (WGs). The mass of generators in the proposed version is smaller, their reliability higher, while maintenance costs are lower. At the same time, the use of high-energy permanent magnets in generators of enhanced power comes up against some obstacles, which can be overcome through proper orientation of magnetization at creation of a magnetic field in the airgap of electrical machine. In this regard, it might be preferable to use magnets with indirect action on the airgap instead of those with direct action. A convincing example of the former variant is a generator with tangentially oriented magnetization of permanent magnets. In the work, an attempt is done to prove the advantages of such installation in modern low- and medium-power WGs