bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Recovery Process of Postpartum Psychosis from Both the Woman’s and Next of Kin’s Perspective - An Interview Study in Sweden
Authors: Engqvist I. , Nilsson K. 
Published: March 2014

Objectives:The most serious type of psychiatric disorder in connection with childbirth is postpartum psychosis. With this disorder occasionally follows emotional rejection of the infant which has serious long term effect on mother and child. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the recovery process of postpartum psychosis from the women, from the partners of the women, and their next of kin.Methods:Interviews were conducted with seven women, who had previously suffered postpartum psychosis, and six of their next of kin. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis.Results:Two categories emerged: the recovery process and the circumstances of the support provided. The women and their next of kin spoke about the turning point in the illness, their own personal as well as their social recovery, the importance of support not only from relatives and friends, but also from professionals, and the use of medication. However, the key to recovery was an internal decision by the women themselves.Conclusion:Conclusion is that the recovery from this severe mental disorder requires hard work and the key to their recovery was the decision made by the women. This disorder causes a mental darkness to descend, but at the start of the recovery a dim light shines in the dark tunnel. The nursing staff must be made aware that good sleep is important for the psychiatric treatment and that recovery may take a long time. The nurse needs to provide hope and encouragement, as well as help the woman to recognise the strength that exists within her. To reduce the risk of a recurrence of the disorder, the staff needs to offer follow up visits.
Silicon oxides as alignment surfaces for vertically-aligned nematics in photonic devices
Authors: Oton E. , López-Andrés S. , Bennis N. , Otón J. , Geday M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA comparative study on alignment performance and microstructure of inorganic layers used for liquid crystal cell conditioning has been carried out. The study has focused on two specific materials, SiOx and SiO2, deposited under different conditions. The purpose was to establish a relationship between layer microstructure and liquid crystal alignment. The surface morphology has been studied by FESEM and AFM. An analysis on liquid crystal alignment, pretilt angle, response time, contrast ratio and the conditions to develop backflow effect (significant rise time increase due to pure homeotropic alignment) on vertically-aligned nematic cells has been carried out. A technique to overcome the presence of backflow has been identified. The full comparative study of SiOx and SiO2 layer properties and their influence over liquid crystal alignment and electrooptic response is presented.
AGRO-BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION THROUGH SEED BANKING: A CASE STUDY FROM MID-WESTERN AND FAR-WESTERN NEPAL
Authors: Pokhrel Chandra P. , Bhandari Vimla , Lakhe Pramesh , Yadav Ram Kailash P. 
Published: March 2014

The present paper deals with the perception and practices of farmers on production, processing and storage of seeds as well as role of Community Seed Banks (CSBs) in seed supply and conservation of agro-biodiversity. The study was conducted in three VDCs namely Belwa, Masuriya and Beldandi of Bardia, Kailai and Kanchanpur districts, respectively. Of the sampled respondents, 44.4% used only local varieties and the rest of them used all local, improved and hybrid varieties. Farmers in the study area have their own criteria of seed selection such as yield potential, growth period, resistance to disease and pest, taste, shape and color. Traditionally, farmers store their seeds in a special clay pot called “Dehari” and “Kuthali: CSB is the alternative way of their seed storage. Total 75 varieties of paddy, 13 varieties of wheat and 10 varieties of maize were stored in CSBs. Eight varieties of millet, 5 varities of mustard and 12 varieties of pulse, 4 varieties of gram and two varieties of soybean were also stored. CSBs were found to be useful to the farmers in many ways such as easy availability of seeds, on-farm conservation of local varieties, conservation of local and traditional knowledge and change in their livelihoods. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v19i0.9852 EcoprintAn International Journal of EcologyVol. 19, 2012Page: 1-5Uploaded date: 2/14/2014
The PPI value of open foams and its estimation using image analysis
Authors: Ohser Joachim , Redenbach Claudia , Moghiseh Ali 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The mean number of pores per inch (PPI value) is one of the most important geometric characteristics of cellular materials such as open or closed foams. It is defined as the number of pores (cells) along a straight test line related to the line length. Counting cells along a test line sounds very simple, but on the surface of an open foam specimen it is often hard to decide whether a cell hits the line or not. Thus, there exists no quick and safe method to estimate the PPI value from an optical image taken from the specimen's surface. In this article, we present a very efficient method of estimating the PPI value of foams from optical dark-field images of the surface of a foam sample. The method is based on the computation of the spectral density of the (two-dimensional) dark field images. It turns out that the radius of the first interference ring in the spectral density is proportional to the PPI value. The constant of proportionality can be determined from geometric models for open foams or analysis of three-dimensional images of foam samples. These techniques allow calibration of the estimation of the PPI value from the spectral density of two-dimensional dark field images.
Increasing meltwater discharge from the Nuuk region of the Greenland ice sheet and implications for mass balance (1960–2012)
Authors: Van As Dirk , Andersen Morten Langer , Petersen Dorthe , Fettweis Xavier , Van Angelen Jan H. , Lenaerts Jan T.M. , Van Den Broeke Michiel R. , Lea James M. , Bøggild Carl E. , Ahlstrøm Andreas P. , Steffen Konrad 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe assess the runoff and surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland ice sheet in the Nuuk region (southwest) using output of two regional climate models (RCMs) evaluated by observations. The region encompasses six glaciers that drain into Godthåbsfjord. RCM data (1960–2012) are resampled to a high spatial resolution to include the narrow (relative to the native grid spacing) glacier trunks in the ice mask. Comparing RCM gridded results with automatic weather station (AWS) point measurements reveals that locally models can underestimate ablation and overestimate accumulation by up to tens of per cent. However, comparison with lake discharge indicates that modelled regional runoff totals are more accurate. Model results show that melt and runoff in the Nuuk region have doubled over the past two decades. Regional SMB attained negative values in recent high-melt years. Taking into account frontal ablation of the marine-terminating glaciers, the region lost 10–20 km3 w.e. a–1 in 2010–12. If 2010 melting prevails during the remainder of this century, a low-end estimate of sea-level rise of 5 mm is expected by 2100 from this relatively small section (2.6%) of the ice sheet alone.
Thwaites Glacier grounding-line retreat: influence of width and buttressing parameterizations
Authors: Docquier David , Pollard David , Pattyn Frank 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMajor ice loss has recently been observed along coastal outlet glaciers of the West Antarctic ice sheet, mainly due to increased melting below the ice shelves. However, the behavior of this marine ice sheet is poorly understood, leading to significant shortcomings in ice-sheet models attempting to predict future sea-level rise. The stability of a marine ice sheet is controlled by the dynamics at the grounding line, the boundary between the grounded ice stream and the floating ice shelf. One of the largest contributors to current sea-level rise is the fast-flowing Thwaites Glacier, which flows into the Amundsen Sea. Here we use an ice-stream/ice-shelf model and perform a number of experiments along a central flowline to analyze the sensitivity of its grounding line on centennial timescales. In the absence of width and buttressing effects, we find that the grounding line retreats by ˜300 km in 200 years from the present day (rate of 1.5 km a–1). With variable glacier width implemented in the model, flow convergence slows the retreat of Thwaites grounding line at 0.3–1.2 km a–1. The parameterization of ice-shelf buttressing according to different observed scenarios further reduces the glacier retreat and can even lead to a slight advance in the most buttressed case.
Diagnostic Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Radiography in Juvenile Spondyloarthritis: Evaluation of the Sacroiliac Joints in Controls and Affected Subjects
Authors: Jaremko Jacob L. , Liu Lei , Winn Naomi J. , Ellsworth Janet E. , Lambert Robert G.W. 
Published: March 2014

Objective.To compare the utility of radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of juvenile-onset spondyloarthritis in pediatric patients presenting with low back and/or sacroiliac (SI) pain of potentially inflammatory etiology.Methods.Radiographs and MRI studies of the SI joints in 26 patients with juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA) and 35 controls were assessed independently by 2 radiologists, with discrepancies arbitrated by a third. Radiographs and MRI were blinded and read in separate batches in random order.Results.Erosion was common and was the most useful diagnostic feature on radiography [positive likelihood ratio (LR) = 3.5] and was especially diagnostic of SpA on MRI (LR = 6.7). Subchondral sclerosis was common but was the least specific feature for both modalities. Joint space narrowing had some utility on radiography (LR = 2.0) and MRI (LR = 2.7) but was uncommon and had poor reader reliability. Bone marrow edema (LR = 3.1) and subarticular fat infiltration (LR = 4.5), detectable only on MRI, were both useful features. Global diagnostic impression of MRI (LR = 9.4) had very high utility for the diagnosis of JSpA, exceeding radiography (LR = 4.4) because of superior specificity. In addition, global diagnosis of SpA is much more reliably made on MRI (κ = 0.80) compared to radiography (κ = 0.30).Conclusion.Specificity and reliability of MRI of the SI joints are superior to radiography for the diagnosis of juvenile-onset SpA and, where available, MRI should replace radiography as the first line of investigation.
Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on the Lipid Profile of Patients with Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Migkos Michail P. , Markatseli Theodora E. , Iliou Chrisoula , Voulgari Paraskevi V. , Drosos Alexandros A. 
Published: March 2014

Objective.Many studies have highlighted the hypolipidemic action of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). We investigated the effect of HCQ on the lipid profile of patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS).Methods.The present retrospective observational study included 71 female patients with SS treated with HCQ. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and atherogenic index (TC/HDL) were measured at baseline, after 6 months, and 1, 3, and 5 years after initiation of HCQ treatment. Analysis to investigate changes over time was performed in the entire patient group and in the separate subgroups: those receiving (21 patients) and those not receiving (50 patients) hypolipidemic treatment.Results.For the entire group of patients a statistically significant decrease in TC was noted (levels before treatment 220 ± 41 mg/dl, and at 5 yrs 206 ± 32 mg/dl, p = 0.006). A statistically significant difference was observed in the levels of HDL (57 ± 14 mg/dl vs 67 ± 17 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and in atherogenic index (4.0 ± 1.3 vs 3.3 ± 0.9, p < 0.001). Patients not receiving a hypolipidemic agent during the same period demonstrated a decrease in TC (214 ± 40 mg/dl vs 208 ± 34 mg/dl, p = 0.049), an increase in HDL levels (55 ± 15 mg/dl vs 67 ± 18 mg/dl, p < 0.001), and a decrease in atherogenic index (4.0 ± 1.4 vs 3.3 ± 0.9, p < 0.001). In the subgroup of patients receiving hypolipidemic treatment, the respective changes in their lipid profile were not significant in the first years but became significant in the long term.Conclusion.Use of HCQ in patients with SS was related to a statistically significant decrease in TC, an increase in HDL, and improvement in the atherogenic index.
Detection of AmpC β Lactamases in Gram-negative Bacteria
Authors: Gupta Gunjan , Tak Vibhor , Mathur Purva 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
AmpC β-lactamases are clinically important cephalosporinases encoded on the chromosomes of many Enterobacteriaceae and a few other organisms, where they mediate resistance to cephalothin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, most penicillins, and β-lactamase inhibitor/β-lactam combinations. The increase in antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacteria is a notable example of how bacteria can procure, maintain and express new genetic information that can confer resistance to one or several antibiotics. Detection of organisms producing these enzymes can be difficult, because their presence does not always produce a resistant phenotype on conventional disc diffusion or automated susceptibility testing methods. These enzymes are often associated with potentially fatal laboratory reports of false susceptibility to β-lactams phenotypically. With the world-wide increase in the occurrence, types and rate of dissemination of these enzymes, their early detection is critical. AmpC β-lactamases show tremendous variation in geographic distribution. Thus, their accurate detection and characterization are important from epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and infection control point of view. This document describes the methods for detection for AmpC β-lactamases, which can be adopted by routine diagnostic laboratories.
Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infection: Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections Score
Authors: Kulkarni Madhuri , GS Vijay Kumar , GS Sowmya , CP Madhu , SR Ramya 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTNecrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) can be rapidly progressive and polymicrobial in etiology. Establishing the element of necrotizing infection poses a clinical challenge. A 64-year-old diabetic patient presented to our hospital with a gangrenous patch on anterior abdominal wall, which progressed to an extensive necrotizing lesion within 1 week. Successive laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing softtissue infections (LRINEC) scores confirmed the necrotizing element. Cultures yielded Enterococci, Acinetobacter species and Apophysomyces elegans and the latter being considered as an emerging agent of Zygomycosis in immunocompromised hosts. Patient was managed with antibiotics, antifungal treatment and surgical debridement despite which he succumbed to the infection. NSTI’s require an early and aggressive management and LRINEC score can be applied to establish the element of necrotizing pathology. Isolation of multiple organisms becomes confusing to establish the etiological role. Apophysomyces elegans, which was isolated in our patient is being increasingly reported in cases of necrotizing infections and may be responsible for high morbidity and mortality. This scoring has been proposed as an adjunct tool to Microbiological diagnosis when NSTI’s need to be diagnosed early and managed promptly to decrease mortality and morbidity, which however may not come in handy in an immunocompromised host with polymicrobial aggressive infection.
Cytodiagnosis of Epidermoid Cyst of the Upper Lip: A Common Lesion in an Uncommon Site
Authors: Phukan Jyoti Prakash , Sinha Anuradha , Pal Subrata , Jalan Shilpa 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTEpidermoid cyst and dermoid cysts are developmental pathologies thought to derive from aberrant ectodermal tissue. They are uncommon in the head and neck region. Rarely, they can be found in the oral cavity and buccal mucosa. However, epidermoid cyst is extremely uncommon in the upper lip and is rarely reported. In this study, we report an uncommon case of epidermoid cyst occurring in the upper lip diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). We present this case because of its extremely rare site of presentation and also to highlight the role of FNAC to in the pre-operative diagnosis of this benign lesion.
Group‐standing of whistler mode waves near the Moon
Authors: Tsugawa Y. , Katoh Y. , Terada N. , Ono T. , Tsunakawa H. , Takahashi F. , Shibuya H. , Shimizu H. , Matsushima M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNarrowband whistler mode waves with frequencies near 1 Hz have been observed near the Moon. We reveal that the narrowband spectra, the frequency concentration near 1 Hz, and the relations between the wave vector, magnetic field vector, and sunward directions can be explained by a condition in which the group velocity vector is almost canceled by the solar wind velocity vector in the spacecraft frame. Hereafter, we refer to this condition as the group‐standing condition. The spectral density is modified and has a peak at the frequency satisfying the group‐standing condition because of the difference of the frequency width between the solar wind plasma frame and the spacecraft frame. In addition, if the waves were decelerated to be group‐standing, the conservation of the energy flux results in the intensification of the wave amplitude at that frequency. We also derive the analytical expression of the amount of the modifications, which depend on the group velocity. These effects can explain the narrowband spectra near 1 Hz and support the relations between the wave vector, magnetic field vector, and sunward directions. The estimated frequency which satisfies the group‐standing condition is in good agreement with the observed frequency within error bars of the estimation. Considering the group‐standing condition, we suggest that the narrowband waves observed in the spacecraft frame are originated from oblique whistler mode waves in the frequencies near the lower hybrid frequency, which are possibly generated by reflected ions from the lunar magnetic anomalies.
Quiet time short‐period and day‐to‐day variations in E × B drift studied using 150 km radar echoes from Gadanki
Authors: Pavan Chaitanya P. , Patra A. K. , Rao S. V. B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this paper we present short‐period and day‐to‐day variations in E × B drift during low solar and magnetically quiet conditions, based on radar observations of daytime 150 km echoes from Gadanki, India. Short‐period (<100 min) variations in E × B drift show amplitude as large as 7 m s−1 and display large day‐to‐day variation. Spectral analysis reveals that drift velocity fluctuations consist of several components of short periods in the range of 4–100 min. Among these periods, the most frequently occurring periods are 6–60 min. Observations also show that amplitudes of these periods increase with increasing period. Interestingly, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) variations also show periods of 3–19 min, which have also been observed in velocity variations. In addition, amplitudes of the periodic variations in SNR tend to increase with increasing period, which is also similar to those observed in drift velocity fluctuations. No correlation between SNR and velocity variations, however, has been found. Noticeable day‐to‐day variations in drift velocity are found in all seasons, and the variation is as large as ±25 m s−1. Day‐to‐day variations also show wave‐like features with period of 2–4 days. Observed E × B drift variations of 7 m s−1 at short time scale and 25 m s−1 on a day‐to‐day basis indicate zonal electric field variations of 0.25 mV/m and 0.9 mV/m, respectively. We surmise that quiet time E × B drift variations with periods <100 min and 2–4 days are likely to be the manifestations of gravity wave and planetary wave wind‐induced electric fields, respectively, consistent with those reported earlier.
P‐V‐T equation of state of cubic CaSiO3 perovskite from first‐principles computation
Authors: Kawai Kenji , Tsuchiya Taku 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCa‐perovskite (Pv) is considered to be one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's lower mantle (LM) with an ideal cubic structure at LM pressures and temperatures. In this study, a pressure‐volume‐temperature (P‐V‐T) equation of state model for Ca‐Pv is constructed using density functional first‐principles molecular dynamics simulations. The calculated P‐V‐T data yield  = 203.95 GPa,  = 46.17 Å3/formula unit, γ0 = 1.576, and q = 0.96 within the framework of the Mie–Grüneisen–Debye formulation. We compare the density and bulk sound velocity of Ca‐Pv with those of iron‐bearing Mg‐Pv and seismological values. Along an adiabatic temperature gradient, Ca‐Pv has ~2.5% higher density and ~0.7% faster bulk sound velocity than the preliminary reference Earth model, while it has ~3.8% higher density and ~2.7% slower bulk sound velocity than iron‐bearing Mg‐Pv. Our results indicate that a possible lateral variation in the Ca‐Pv fraction in the LM could produce an anticorrelation between VΦ and ρ.
Photochemically Induced Reductive Elimination as a Route to a Zirconocene Complex with a Strongly Activated N2 Ligand
Authors: Margulieux Grant W. , Semproni Scott P. , Chirik Paul J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe zirconocene dinitrogen complex [{(η5‐C5Me4H)2Zr}2(μ2,η2,η2‐N2)] was synthesized by photochemical reductive elimination from the corresponding zirconium bis(aryl) or aryl hydride complexes, providing a high‐yielding, alkali metal‐free route to strongly activated early‐metal N2 complexes. Mechanistic studies support the intermediacy of zirconocene arene complexes that in the absence of sufficient dinitrogen promote CH activation or undergo comproportion to formally ZrIII complexes. When N2 is in excess arene displacement gives rise to strong dinitrogen activation.
Solvent‐Assisted Linker Exchange: An Alternative to the De Novo Synthesis of Unattainable Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Karagiaridi Olga , Bury Wojciech , Mondloch Joseph E. , Hupp Joseph T. , Farha Omar K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained considerable attention as hybrid materials—in part because of a multitude of potential useful applications, ranging from gas separation to catalysis and light harvesting. Unfortunately, de novo synthesis of MOFs with desirable function–property combinations is not always reliable and may suffer from vagaries such as formation of undesirable topologies, low solubility of precursors, and loss of functionality of the sensitive network components. The recently discovered synthetic approach coined solvent‐assisted linker exchange (SALE) constitutes a simple to implement strategy for circumventing these setbacks; its use has already led to the generation of a variety of MOF materials previously unobtainable by direct synthesis methods. This Review provides a perspective of the achievements in MOF research that have been made possible with SALE and examines the studies that have facilitated the understanding and broadened the scope of use of this invaluable synthetic tool.