bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Puzzles in Planetary Dynamos: Implications for Planetary Interiors
Authors: Soderlund Krista M. , Stanley Sabine , Cao Hao , Calkins Michael A. , Browning Matthew K. 
Published: February 2025

Intrinsic magnetic fields were once commonplace across our Solar System, and many planetary bodies have sustained active dynamos to the present day. The nature and behavior of these dynamos vary widely, however, reflecting the diverse internal conditions of planets as summarized in this review. For the terrestrial planets, the existence of active dynamos and/or ancient remanent magnetization recorded in crustal rocks, or lack thereof, lead to questions about their timing and power sources. Paleomagnetic studies reveal that many small bodies in the Solar System exhibit remanent magnetization, often attributed to ancient core dynamos with little known about the fluid dynamics. For the gas giants, their dipole-dominated magnetic fields and internal structures are relatively well-characterized, with dilute cores that are not centrally concentrated and other stable layers that likely affect the dynamo in ways that are not yet understood. For the ice giants, their multipolar magnetic fields and internal structures are unusual yet poorly constrained, to the extent that even the water-to-rock ratio is not well-known. Through adoption of a broader comparative planetology approach, the study of dynamos in exoplanets and cool stars enriches our understanding of dynamo theories.

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Planetary dynamos exhibit diverse magnetic fields shaped by their distinct physical and chemical conditions.

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The study of planets and stars connects planetary science, geophysics, and astrophysics, revealing shared dynamo processes.

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While significant progress has been made in understanding planetary and stellar magnetic fields, many puzzles still persist.
Analysis of ultrasound findings and outcomes in fetuses with suspected congenital heart disease at less than 14 weeks’ gestation compared to later gestations
Authors: Lei Wenjia , Wang Jingjing , Han Jijing , Yan Yousheng , Wu Qingqing 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the spectrum of cardiac anomalies, associated comorbidities, and outcomes in fetuses suspected of congenital heart disease (CHD) at less than 14 weeks’ gestation with those in the later gestations.
Methods: We conducted a three-year retrospective study involving 352 fetuses suspected of CHD at our institution. The fetuses were divided into two groups based on the gestational age at which the CHD was initially detected. Initial CHD suspicion was noted within 14 weeks, forming Group I. The remaining fetuses, initially suspected of CHD after 14 weeks, constituted Group II. The type of CHD, ultrasound soft markers (USMs), associated extracardiac structural abnormalities (ECSA), genetic testing results, and pregnancy outcomes were retrieved.
Results: The types of CHD in Group I (n=76) were less varied than those in Group II (n=276). Isolated CHD was significantly more prevalent in Group II (OR=0.170, 95% CI: 0.092-0.316, p<0.001). The frequency of ECSA and USMs was significantly greater in Group I (OR=1.816, 95% CI: 1.180-2.795, p<0.01; OR=4.400, 95% CI: 3.375-5.737, p<0.001, respectively). Chromosomal abnormalities were more prevalent in Group I than in Group II (65.0% vs. 16.5%, p<0.001). There were no significant differences in termination rates between the two groups (OR=1.099, 95% CI: 1.023-1.179, p=0.043).
Conclusion: The spectrum of diagnosed cardiac abnormalities differs between early and mid stages. Non-isolated cardiac abnormalities and chromosomal anomalies are more readily detectable in the early stages of pregnancy before the formal establishment of early cardiac screening programs. Early suspicion of cardiac anomalies may not be the predominant factor driving the termination decision.
Role of Social Networks in Youth Activity Status in India: A Gendered Analysis
Authors: Maheshwari Ronak , Viswanathan Brinda 
Published: February 2025

Youth face various choices regarding their activity status, such as early entry into the labour force, pursuing further education or being Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET), as well as early marriage for women. This study analyses the role of social networks and their gender differential on these three activity status choices of Indian youth (15–29 years) in 2011 to 2012 using IHDS-II data. The study uses two types of social network variables: (a) the number of ties with any or all persons in a medical profession, teacher and government servant, and is similar to the degree centrality measure in the social network literature, and (b) the nature of ties, which measures the intensity of connection with these people categorised them as strong, arising from same family or caste, weak or none. Estimates from the multinomial logit model show that having more ties increases the odds of choosing education over an early entry into the labour force. On the nature of ties, we find that having access to strong ties increases the odds of being either in education or NEET over an early entry into the labour force for males. For females, strong ties favour education or NEET over employment, while other types of ties favour employment and reduce their odds of being either in education or in NEET. The information on social network types available in the data set is limited, in particular the absence of peer networks, to carry out a richer analysis. Nevertheless, this study contributes both towards the social network literature and assessing the determinants of youth activity status for the first time in India. JEL Codes : I23, J16, J24, J64, N30, P36
Work-to-leisure spillover and job burnout among frontline employees in Taiwan tourism and hospitality industries: The moderating role of job autonomy
Authors: Chen Chin-Sheng , Liu Shih-Hao , Tsai Chin-Hsiang , Wu Shou-Guan 
Published: February 2025

Background Frontline employees’ job characteristics in tourism and hospitality cause them to suffer owing to work-to-leisure facilitation, which frequently involves work–leisure conflict. The mechanisms in the relationship between two work-to-leisure issues’ spillover effects and job burnout remain unclear. Objective This study explores work-to-leisure facilitation’s spillover effects on job burnout among frontline employees in travel agencies and the hospitality industry. Specifically, we examined (1) the mediating effects of the need for recovery between work-to-leisure facilitation spillover and job burnout and (2) the moderating effect of job autonomy on work-to-leisure spillover’s impact on employees’ need for recovery. Method A two-wave questionnaire-style survey was employed to collect paired data from 566 hospitality and tourism employees in Taiwan. Confirmatory factor analysis and regression analysis were conducted for data analysis. Result Work-to-leisure conflict and facilitation were positively and negatively related to the need for recovery, respectively. The need for recovery was positively related to job burnout and mediated the impact of work-to-leisure spillover on job burnout. Job autonomy moderated the impact of work-to-leisure conflict and facilitation on the need for recovery. Conclusion The findings provide useful insights for maintaining frontline employees’ mental health and the sustainability of human resources in the tourism and hospitality industries.
A Preliminary Outcome Study of Brief Cognitive Therapy for Management of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: An Open-label Trial Protocol
Authors: Swarnalakshmi S  , Manjula Munivenkatappa , Reddi Venkata Senthil Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Background: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are a major concern in India, but there is limited research on effective interventions. Cognitive Therapy for Suicidal Patients (CT-SP) has shown promise, but its implementation in India needs further investigation. Novelty: This study adopts a transdiagnostic approach to suicidality, recognizing the strong link between various mental health conditions and STBs. The study aims to use an evidence-based intervention for acute suicidal risk and understand its outcomes in the Indian context using systematic implementation. The blended delivery format of the intervention (both in-person and online) further enhances its relevance for diverse clinical settings. Objectives: The study aims to assess the effectiveness of a brief CT-SP intervention in reducing the severity of suicidal ideation and behaviors. Secondary objectives include evaluating changes in emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, hopelessness, depression, anxiety, problem-solving skills, frequency of dysfunctional cognitions, and overall functioning. Methods: The study will use an open-label, single-group design with baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up assessments at one, three, and six months. Patients with recent suicidal ideation or behaviors will be recruited across diagnoses. The intervention consists of a ten-session CT-SP protocol delivered in a blended format over five weeks. Expected Outcome: The study would contribute to the empirical understanding of suicide risk management in clinical settings and inform the development of culturally relevant interventions specific to the Indian context.
Special Economic Zones (SEZ) Wage Premium Hypothesis: An Unconditional Quantile Regression and Decomposition Approach
Authors: Owusu Nana Yaw Agyeman , Osei Robert Darko , Ackah Charles Godfred 
Published: February 2025

This study examines the determinants of wages within special economic zones (SEZs) and the broader workforce. It explores how SEZ employment, unionisation, education and gender affect wage levels and compares wage differentials between SEZ and non-SEZ employees. Using ordinary least squares, unconditional quantile regression and decomposition techniques, the study analyses firm–employee dataset of 1,240 employees in 2022. The findings show SEZ employment and unionisation significantly increase wages, with SEZ workers enjoying a wage premium. Education consistently boosts wages across percentiles, while gender disparities are more pronounced at higher-wage levels, with a wage gap of up to 21.10% against females. Decomposition reveals that 16.9% of the SEZ and non-SEZ wage gap is explained by observable factors like skills, while the remainder points to institutional or cultural biases. The study highlights SEZs’ role in wage structures and emphasises the need for policies promoting wage equity, educational opportunities and gender equality in the labour market. JEL Codes: F16, F13, C21
Dysregulation of amino acid and lipid metabolism in patients with spondyloarthritis
Authors: Remus Constantin , Hoffmeister Meike , Strathmeyer Selina , Heelemann Steffen , Claus Inga , Dammermann Werner , Ritter Oliver , Patschan Daniel , Patschan Susann 
Published: February 2025

Objective To conduct a metabolomics analysis in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and compare results with those from healthy controls. The overall goal was to identify small-molecule substances that may have potential pathogenic and diagnostic significance in SpA. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional, single-centre study that included patients with axial (ankylosing spondylitis [AS]), peripheral (psoriatic arthritis [PsA]) and healthy controls. Results The study included 50 patients with AS, 50 patients with PsA, and 164 controls. When compared with healthy controls, patients with SpA showed significant differences in 35 metabolites, primarily associated with amino acid and lipid metabolism. However, only two differences were found between the AS and PsA cohorts (glucose and glycerol). Conclusions Our data suggest that patients with SpA exhibit significant disruptions in amino acid and lipid metabolism. The large number of identified metabolites offers promising opportunities, both for discovering new SpA biomarkers and for gaining a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of these chronic inflammatory diseases.
Goals should be defined as CLEVER before specifying them into SMART goals: A phenomenological hermeneutical study to facilitate the implementation of goal-oriented care in primary care
Authors: Van de Velde Dominique , Boeykens Dagje , Gauwe Vanessa , Steyaert Greet , Ryssen Liesbeth , Jarrey Mike , Boeckxstaens Pauline , Pype Peter , De Vriendt Patricia 
Published: February 2025

Background: Goal-oriented care is prominent in primary care settings due to the rising number of people living with (multiple) chronic conditions. Before goal-oriented care can be fully implemented, a better understanding about the concept of goals needs to be gained. This study aimed to elicit in-depth knowledge through the narratives of people with (multiple) chronic conditions regarding their view on goal setting. Method: In a qualitative research design within a phenomenological–hermeneutical paradigm, 15 in-depth interviews were performed with people living with (multiple) chronic conditions (mean age 65; 38–81) based on a homogeneous sampling strategy. Results: This study revealed that goal setting starts from talking about everyday activities embedded in a real-life context. A well-defined goal should consist of the context, the life narrative of the patient, the engagement towards a particular goal, the reason why this goal is important in terms of underlying values, the emotions going along the activity, and the relevance for the patient. This leads to CLEVER goals. Conclusion: These findings prompt a reconsideration of traditional goal setting in healthcare, which typically adheres to SMART. Based on the participants’ experiences, goals should be defined as CLEVER first before they can be transposed into SMART goals.
Impact of hospital volume on in-hospital outcomes for patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation post-cardiac surgery: Evidence from nationwide inpatient sample
Authors: Yang Fei , Shi Hui , Wang Shaohua , Wang Xiaoqi , Wang Yunying , Zhao Xiaoli , Yang Liu , Wang Lingling , Zhang Jingjing , Pan Pan 
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact of hospitals’ extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) procedure volume on inpatient outcomes in patients receiving ECMO after cardiac surgery. Methods: The records of patients in the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample database ⩾18 years old who underwent cardiac surgery and received ECMO postoperatively from 2005 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Associations between hospital ECMO volume, demographical and clinical variables, and in-hospital mortality, non-routine discharge, hospital costs, acute organ failure, and infection/sepsis were examined. Results: Data of 1465 patients hospitalized in 892 hospitals were analyzed. There were 102 high ECMO-volume hospitals and 790 low ECMO-volume hospitals. Patients treated in high ECMO-volume hospitals ( n = 317) had a significantly decreased risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–0.94) compared to those treated in low ECMO-volume hospitals ( n = 1148). In contrast, patients treated in high-volume hospitals had a significantly increased risk of non-routine discharge (aOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.03–2.25, p = 0.034) than those who stayed in the low-volume hospitals. Conclusions: High hospital ECMO volume is associated with a lower risk of in-hospital death among patients receiving ECMO after cardiac surgeries, indicating the need for policies that guide patient referrals to institutions with more extensive ECMO experience.
Exploring How Neighborhood Environment Perceptions Moderate the Health Benefits of Movement Behaviors Among Latinos in Los Angeles
Authors: Perez Lilian G. , Castro Gabriela , Seelam Rachana , Cohen Deborah A. , Han Bing , Mata Michael A. , Larson Anne , Derose Kathryn P. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose This study examined how the potential health benefits of movement behaviors – physical activity (PA), sedentary time, and sleep – vary by neighborhood perceptions among Latinos. Design Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from churchgoing Latino adults participating in an ongoing randomized controlled trial to promote PA. Setting East Los Angeles, California, and surrounding neighborhoods. Sample Sample of 728 churchgoing Latinos (77% female, mean age 52 years). Measures Movement behaviors included self-reported leisure-time PA and sleep duration, and accelerometer-based sedentary time. Survey assessed perceived neighborhood crime safety, traffic safety, aesthetics, and social cohesion. Outcomes included self-reported stress, depressive symptoms, diabetes, and hypertension; and objectively-measured body mass index. Analysis Linear or logistic regression assessed associations of the movement behaviors with neighborhood measures, and their interactions, in relation to the health outcomes. Results Sleep was associated with lower perceived stress [B(SE) = −0.41 (0.09), P < .0001] and major depression [OR, 95% CI = 0.54, 0.42-0.69]. Leisure-time MVPA was associated with lower obesity [OR, 95% CI = 0.60, 0.41-0.88] and sedentary time was associated with higher diabetes [OR, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.00-1.05]. Perceived neighborhood safety from crime, social cohesion, and aesthetics had significant interactions with movement behaviors ( P < 0.05) in relation to four outcomes. Conclusion Interaction models suggest interventions targeting neighborhood crime safety, aesthetics, and social cohesion may be key for maximizing the health benefits of movement behaviors among Latinos.
Sustainable composites from biodegradable poly (lactic acid) modified with isosorbide-based plasticizer: Preparation and performance
Authors: Mu Guangming , Ren Liang , Liu Xiangpeng , Li Wenbo , Shao Mingliang , Sun Chuang , Luo Shuai , Wang Yaobin , Li Yuchen , Zhang Mingyao 
Published: February 2025

Bio-based resin plasticizers not only overcome the toxicity and non-degradability of phthalate plasticizers, but also expand the application areas of polymers. In this study, the environmentally sustainable plasticizer isosorbide dinonanoate (ISN) is chosen to plasticize and toughen PLA for enhancing the impact strength and processability, further expanding the application in the field of flexible packaging materials. Our work primarily focuses on the impact strength, crystallinity, glass transition temperature (Tg), processability, and morphology for PLA composites. The results demonstrate that adding ISN at a concentration of 25 phr reduces the Tg by 22°C, representing a 35.4% decrease relative to neat PLA, thus confirming the effective plasticizing impact of ISN on PLA; the Izod impact strength arrives at 688 J/m, approximately 30-fold increase, demonstrating dramatically enhanced toughness of PLA; and the equilibrium torque is 1.9 Nm, involving improved processability of the composites. DSC tests show that the crystallinity of PLA composites improves when the amount of ISN increases. Notably, the crystallinity increases by 248% from 7.07% to 24.59% when the addition of ISN is 25 phr. Meanwhile, SEM reveals that ISN has good compatibility with PLA, as evidenced by the absence of phase separation on the fracture surfaces of the composites.
American Indian Adolescent Perspectives on COVID-19 Impacts Within Great Plains Area Reservations
Authors: Johnson Gina , Purvis Sara , Le Beaux Kelley , Tobey Matthew , Isaacson Mary J. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: COVID-19 created unprecedented disruption for school-age children and adolescents across the United States. This educational disruption was significant for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) students. Our study’s purpose was to understand COVID-19’s impact on AI/AN adolescents’ education and their physical, emotional, mental, social, and spiritual well-being, as well as their coping mechanisms. Methodology: We employed a qualitative descriptive design with 14 AI/AN adolescents aged 14 to 18 years among three Tribes in the Great Plains in August 2023. Results: Our participants reported several disruptions, yet they found unique ways to stay connected. The themes identified were social network, physical activity, emotional well-being, gaming, responses of reservation schools to COVID-19, and challenges of virtual learning. Discussion: There is a lack of focus on the resilience and protective factors among rural AI/AN adolescents. Understanding how these factors may enhance AI/AN well-being is essential for providing culturally responsive care and promoting healthy growth and development.
Retaining a Multicultural Nursing Workforce: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Villamin Princess , Lopez Violeta , Thapa Deependra Kaji , Cleary Michelle 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The increased globalization of nurses has prompted organizations to explore innovative strategies to retain their workforce. However, due to cultural variations and increased workforce diversity, a one-size-fits-all retention strategy may not be effective. Methodology: In this paper, we discuss nurse migration and retention to identify points of intersection and possible theories that can be applied. Results: Nurse migration and retention share a common motivation thread, indicating that a motivation theory could effectively integrate both concepts. Self-determination theory (SDT) is particularly relevant as it suggests that the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness influence motivation and retention and that these are universal, transcending cultural boundaries. Discussion: Addressing migrant nurse retention is crucial. The continued international recruitment poses a threat, as any intake by host countries further depletes the already scarce pool of nurses in some source countries. The perspective offered by the SDT may prove instrumental in developing effective strategies for retaining migrant nurses.
Evaluating Performance of the Surprise Question to Predict 12-Month Mortality in Patients With End-Stage Liver Disease
Authors: Homann Sarah , Pfaff Jamie , Stovicek Elizabeth , Agarwal Rajiv , Misra Sumathi K. , Pulley Jill M. , Siemann Justin K. , Spann Ashley , Tillman Stacey , Gatto Cheryl L. , Karlekar Mohana 
Published: February 2025

Introduction Patients diagnosed with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) often struggle with a heavy symptom burden that compromises their quality of life. Introduction of specialty palliative care (PC) may help address these issues but is underutilized in ESLD. This study aimed to assess the performance of the surprise question (SQ) in this population as a potential screen to identify patients with a life expectancy of less than 12 months. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed. In a previous study (COMPASS Trial, NCT03022630), attending hepatologists were asked the SQ: “Would you be surprised if this patient were to die in the next 12 months?” as a prompt to consider consultation to specialty PC. Here, we consider the full collection of SQ answers and reconcile against record of death to examine the accuracy of the SQ as a predictor in this patient population. Results The SQ had high sensitivity (93%) but low specificity (38%) for predicting 12-month mortality in ESLD patients. The SQ also had a positive predictive value of 42% and a negative predictive value of 92%. Patients who were SQ+ (physician responded: No, I would not be surprised) were more likely to die within the year than those who were SQ−. Conclusion In ESLD, the SQ may serve as a useful screening test to identify patients at higher risk of mortality which may prompt PC engagement.