bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ovariectomy, 17‐beta estradiol, and progesterone on histology and estrogen receptors of bladder in female partial bladder outlet obstruction rat model
Authors: Kim Il Dong , Ahn Ki Hoon , Lee Sanghoon , Hong Soon Cheol , Kim Sun Haeng , Kim Tak 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bilateral ovariectomy (OVX), 17‐beta estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) on the histology and estrogen receptor (ER) expression of the bladder using a female partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) rat model.Material and MethodsA total of 60 female Sprague–Dawley rats were evenly assigned into six groups of 10 each. Group A served as the control. Groups B–F underwent induced pBOO. Groups C–F underwent OVX. Groups D–F were given E2 (0.1 mg/kg/day), Group E was given P4 (1 mg/kg/day), and Group F was given P4 and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (300 μg/kg/day) by an Alzet pump. Four weeks later, serum E2 and P4 levels were evaluated. Each rat was anesthetized and the urinary bladder was removed for weighing and histological study.ResultsExpression of ER‐β was not significantly different between the control group and the other study groups. pBOO was shown to increase both bladder weight and detrusor muscle thickness. OVX had an additive effect to BOO on increased blood vessel density in the bladder. E2 was shown to increase blood vessel density, while P4 supplementation decreased blood vessel density. DHEA did not cause any significant effects on blood vessel density.ConclusionHormone therapy did not change the expression of ER in bladder outlet obstruction. Estradiol stimulated the increased angiogenesis of the bladder detrusor but P4 decreased the angiogenesis of the bladder detrusor. DHEA had no effect on the bladder detrusor.
Hypomethylation of long interspersed nuclear element‐1 promoter is associated with poor outcomes for curative resected hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gao Xu‐dong , Qu Jian‐hui , Chang Xiu‐juan , Lu Yin‐ying , Bai Wen‐lin , Wang Hong , Xu Zhong‐xian , An Lin‐jing , Wang Chun‐ping , Zeng Zhen , Yang Yong‐ping 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundEpigenetic alterations are well documented in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, hypomethylation of long interspersed nuclear element 1(LINE‐1) promoter and its relationship with clinicopathological features in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown.MethodsThe bisulfite‐specific PCR and DNA sequencing analysis was performed to assess the methylation status of LINE‐1 promoter in a pilot cohort of 71 patients with HCC. Additionally, methylation levels of two hot CpG sites of LINE‐1 promoter, site 7 and 18 were measured by real‐time PCR and compared with clinicopathological parameters in a cohort of 172 HCC. All the patients included were in BCLC stage A or B.ResultsMost patients with HCC (87.3%) showed hypomethylation of LINE‐1 promoter compared with HBV‐related cirrhosis and normal controls (P < 0.001). The HCC patients with LINE‐1 promoter hypomethylation had a median tumour‐free survival (TFS) and overall survival (OS) post‐resection of 22.0 (95% CI: 13.3–30.7) months and 35.0 (95% CI: 24.0–46.1) months, respectively, compared with 40 months and ~60 months for those with LINE‐1 promoter hypermethylation (P < 0.05). Multivariate analyses showed that the hypomethylation level at CpG site 7 and 18 of LINE‐1 promoter, along with tumour size and tumour differentiation, was independently associated with both TFS and OS for patients with HCC after resection.ConclusionPromoter hypomethylation of LINE‐1, especially at the CpG site 7 and 18, was associated with a poor prognosis in HCC.
Genetic evidence for a high diversity and wide distribution of endemic strains of the pathogenic chytrid fungusBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisin wildAsian amphibians
Authors: Bataille Arnaud , Fong Jonathan J. , Cha Moonsuk , Wogan Guinevere O. U. , Baek Hae Jun , Lee Hang , Min Mi‐Sook , Waldman Bruce 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPopulation declines and extinctions of amphibians have been attributed to the chytrid fungusBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd), especially one globally emerging recombinant lineage (‘Bd‐GPL’). We usedPCRassays that target the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) ofBd to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity ofBd inSouthKorea, whereBd is widely distributed but is not known to cause morbidity or mortality in wild populations. We isolatedKoreanBd strains from native amphibians with low infection loads and compared them to known worldwideBd strains using 19 polymorphicSNPand microsatellite loci.Bd prevalence ranged between 12.5 and 48.0%, in 11 of 17 nativeKorean species, and 24.7% in the introduced bullfrogLithobates catesbeianus. Based onITSsequence variation, 47 of the 50 identified Korean haplotypes formed a group closely associated with a nativeBrazilianBd lineage, separated from theBd‐GPLlineage. However, multilocus genotyping of threeKoreanBd isolates revealed strong divergence from both Bd‐GPLand the nativeBrazilianBd lineages. Thus, theITSregion resolves genotypes that diverge fromBd‐GPLbut otherwise generates ambiguous phylogenies. Our results point to the presence of highly diversified endemic strains ofBd acrossAsian amphibian species. The rarity ofBd‐GPL‐associated haplotypes suggests that either this lineage was introduced intoKorea only recently orBd‐GPLhas been outcompeted by nativeBd strains. Our results highlight the need to consider possible complex interactions among nativeBd lineages,Bd‐GPLand their associated amphibian hosts when assessing the spread and impact ofBd‐GPLon worldwide amphibian populations.
Artificial neural network is highly predictive of outcome in paediatric acute liver failure
Authors: Rajanayagam J. , Frank E. , Shepherd R. W. , Lewindon P. J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCurrent prognostic models in PALF are unreliable, failing to account for complex, non‐linear relationships existing between multiple prognostic factors. A computational approach using ANN should provide superior modelling to PELD‐MELD scores. We assessed the prognostic accuracy of PELD‐MELD scores and ANN in PALF in children presenting to the QLTS, Australia. A comprehensive registry‐based data set was evaluated in 54 children (32M, 22F, median age 17 month) with PALF. PELD‐MELD scores calculated at (i) meeting PALF criteria and (ii) peak. ANN was evaluated using stratified 10‐fold cross‐validation. Outcomes were classified as good (transplant‐free survival) or poor (death or LT) and predictive accuracy compared using AUROC curves. Mean PELD‐MELD scores were significantly higher in non‐transplanted non‐survivors (i) 37 and (ii) 46 and transplant recipients (i) 32 and (ii) 43 compared to transplant‐free survivors (i) 26 and (ii) 30. Threshold PELD‐MELD scores ≥27 and ≥42, at meeting PALF criteria and peak, gave AUROC 0.71 and 0.86, respectively, for poor outcome. ANN showed superior prediction for poor outcome with AUROC 0.96, sensitivity 82.6%, specificity 96%, PPV 96.2% and NPV 85.7% (cut‐off 0.5). ANN is superior to PELD‐MELD for predicting poor outcome in PALF.
Parallel comparison of apheresis‐collected platelet concentrates stored in four different additive solutions
Authors: Nogawa M. , Naito Y. , Chatani M. , Onodera H. , Shiba M. , Okazaki H. , Matsuzaki K. , Satake M. , Nakajima K. , Tadokoro K. 
Published: June 2013

Background and ObjectivesPartially replacing plasma with additive solutions in platelet (PLT) concentrates (PCs) may help to reduce transfusion reactions. Constituents of PLT additive solutions (PASs) have been revealed to affect the quality of PCs. Previous studies involved pairwise comparison of identical PLTs with two different PASs or multicomparison using random PLTs with three or more PASs. In this study, we performed parallel comparison using PCs from identical donors with four PASs. In addition to traditional parameters, the release of bioactive substances and plasma proteins was assessed.Materials and MethodsPlatelets collected four times by apheresis from three donors were suspended in Intersol, SSP+, Composol or M‐sol with 35% autologous plasma. The PC parameters, including PLT activation markers, glucose consumption, chemokines and plasma proteins, were assessed during 5‐day storage.ResultsMean PLT volumes were decreased in SSP+, Composol and M‐sol after 5‐day storage, with significant differences, whereas the hypertonic shock response (HSR) was decreased only in Intersol. Glucose consumption was faster in Intersol and M‐sol than in SSP+ or Composol. PLT activation, determined as CD62P, sCD62P, sCD40L and RANTES, was significantly higher in Intersol than the other three PASs. No marked change was observed in fibrinopeptide A and C3a in any PASs.ConclusionsM‐sol, SSP+ and Composol effectively preserved the quality of PCs. PLT activation was significantly enhanced in Intersol compared with the other three PASs. These effects seem to depend on magnesium and potassium as a constituent. Parallel comparison further verified that the PC quality largely depended on PASs but not donors.
A Cross‐Sectional Study Examining the Prevalence and Risk Factors for Anti‐Microbial‐Resistant Generic Escherichia coli in Domestic Dogs that Frequent Dog Parks in Three Cities in South‐Western Ontario, Canada
Authors: Procter T. D. , Pearl D. L. , Finley R. L. , Leonard E. K. , Janecko N. , Reid‐Smith R. J. , Weese J. S. , Peregrine A. S. , Sargeant J. M. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryAnti‐microbial resistance can threaten health by limiting treatment options and increasing the risk of hospitalization and severity of infection. Companion animals can shed anti‐microbial‐resistant bacteria that may result in the exposure of other dogs and humans to anti‐microbial‐resistant genes. The prevalence of anti‐microbial‐resistant generic Escherichia coli in the faeces of dogs that visited dog parks in south‐western Ontario was examined and risk factors for shedding anti‐microbial‐resistant generic E. coli identified. From May to August 2009, canine faecal samples were collected at ten dog parks in three cities in south‐western Ontario, Canada. Owners completed a questionnaire related to pet characteristics and management factors including recent treatment with antibiotics. Faecal samples were collected from 251 dogs, and 189 surveys were completed. Generic E. coli was isolated from 237 of the faecal samples, and up to three isolates per sample were tested for anti‐microbial susceptibility. Eighty‐nine percent of isolates were pan‐susceptible; 82.3% of dogs shed isolates that were pan‐susceptible. Multiclass resistance was detected in 7.2% of the isolates from 10.1% of the dogs. Based on multilevel multivariable logistic regression, a risk factor for the shedding of generic E. coli resistant to ampicillin was attending dog day care. Risk factors for the shedding of E. coli resistant to at least one anti‐microbial included attending dog day care and being a large mixed breed dog, whereas consumption of commercial dry and home cooked diets was protective factor. In a multilevel multivariable model for the shedding of multiclass‐resistant E. coli, exposure to compost and being a large mixed breed dog were risk factors, while consumption of a commercial dry diet was a sparing factor. Pet dogs are a potential reservoir of anti‐microbial‐resistant generic E. coli; some dog characteristics and management factors are associated with the prevalence of anti‐microbial‐resistant generic E. coli in dogs.
Macaque Paneth Cells Express Lymphoid Chemokine CXCL13 and Other Antimicrobial Peptides Not Previously Described as Expressed in Intestinal Crypts
Authors: Lucero Carissa M. , Fallert Junecko Beth , Klamar Cynthia R. , Sciullo Lauren A. , Berendam Stella J. , Cillo Anthony R. , Qin Shulin , Sui Yongjun , Sanghavi Sonali , Murphey-Corb Michael A. , Reinhart Todd A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

CXCL13 is a constitutively expressed chemokine that controls migration of immune cells to lymphoid follicles. Previously, we found CXCL13 mRNA levels increased in rhesus macaque spleen tissues during AIDS. This led us to examine the levels and locations of CXCL13 by detailed
in situ
methods in cynomolgus macaque lymphoid and intestinal tissues. Our results revealed that there were distinct localization patterns of CXCL13 mRNA compared to protein in germinal centers. These patterns shifted during the course of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, with increased mRNA expression within and around follicles during AIDS compared to uninfected or acutely infected animals. Unexpectedly, CXCL13 expression was also found in abundance in Paneth cells in crypts throughout the small intestine. Therefore, we expanded our analyses to include chemokines and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) not previously demonstrated to be expressed by Paneth cells in intestinal tissues. We examined the expression patterns of multiple chemokines, including CCL25, as well as α-defensin 6 (DEFA6), β-defensin 2 (BDEF2), rhesus θ-defensin 1 (RTD-1), and Reg3γ
in situ
in intestinal tissues. Of the 10 chemokines examined, CXCL13 was unique in its expression by Paneth cells. BDEF2, RTD-1, and Reg3γ were also expressed by Paneth cells. BDEF2 and RTD-1 previously have not been shown to be expressed by Paneth cells. These findings expand our understanding of mucosal immunology, innate antimicrobial defenses, homeostatic chemokine function, and host protective mechanisms against microbial translocation.
Measles Virus Nonstructural C Protein Modulates Viral RNA Polymerase Activity by Interacting with Host Protein SHCBP1
Authors: Ito Minako , Iwasaki Masaharu , Takeda Makoto , Nakamura Takanori , Yanagi Yusuke , Ohno Shinji 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
Most viruses possess strategies to circumvent host immune responses. The measles virus (MV) nonstructural C protein suppresses the interferon response, thereby allowing efficient viral growth, but its detailed mechanism has been unknown. We identified Shc Src homology 2 domain-binding protein 1 (SHCBP1) as one of the host proteins interacting with the C protein. Knockdown of SHCBP1 using a short-hairpin RNA greatly reduced MV growth. SHCBP1 was found to be required for viral RNA synthesis in the minigenome assay and to bind to the MV phosphoprotein, a subunit of the viral RNA polymerase. A stretch of 12 amino acid residues in the C protein were sufficient for SHCBP1 binding, and the peptide containing these 12 residues could suppress MV RNA synthesis, like the full-length C protein. The central region of SHCBP1 was found to bind to the C protein, as well as the phosphoprotein, but the two viral proteins did not compete for SHCBP1 binding. Our results indicate that the C protein modulates MV RNA polymerase activity by binding to the host protein SHCBP1. SHCBP1 may be exploited as a target of antiviral compounds.
Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Like Substances of Human Enteric Bacteria as Specific Adsorbents for Human Noroviruses
Authors: Miura Takayuki , Sano Daisuke , Suenaga Atsushi , Yoshimura Takeshi , Fuzawa Miyu , Nakagomi Toyoko , Nakagomi Osamu , Okabe Satoshi 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been suggested to be receptors or coreceptors for human noroviruses (HuNoVs) expressed on the intestinal epithelium. We isolated an enteric bacterium strain (SENG-6), closely related to
Enterobacter cloacae
, bearing HBGA-like substances from a fecal sample of a healthy individual by using a biopanning technique with anti-HBGA antibodies. The binding capacities of four genotypes of norovirus-like particles (NoVLPs) to
Enterobacter
sp. SENG-6 cells were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that NoVLPs bound mainly to extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of
Enterobacter
sp. SENG-6, where the HBGA-like substances were localized. EPS that contained HBGA-like substances extracted from
Enterobacter
sp. SENG-6 was shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to be capable of binding to NoVLPs of a GI.1 wild-type strain (8fIIa) and a GII.6 strain that can recognize A antigen but not to an NoVLP GI.1 mutant strain (W375A) that loses the ability to bind to A antigen. Enzymatic cleavage of terminal
N
-acetyl-galactosamine residues in the bacterial EPS weakened bacterial EPS binding to the GI.1 wild-type strain (8fIIa). These results indicate that A-like substances in the bacterial EPS play a key role in binding to NoVLPs. Since the specific binding of HuNoVs to HBGA-positive enteric bacteria is likely to affect the transmission and infection processes of HuNoVs in their hosts and in the environment, further studies of human enteric bacteria and their binding capacity to HuNoVs will provide a new scientific platform for understanding interactions between two types of microbes that were previously regarded as biologically unrelated.
The Membrane-Proximal “Stem” Region Increases the Stability of the Flavivirus E Protein Postfusion Trimer and Modulates Its Structure
Authors: Stiasny Karin , Kiermayr Stefan , Bernhart Andrea , Heinz Franz X. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
The flavivirus fusion protein E contains a “stem” region which is hypothesized to be crucial for driving fusion. This sequence element connects the ectodomain to the membrane anchor, and its structure in the trimeric postfusion conformation is still poorly defined. Using E trimers of tick-borne encephalitis virus with stem truncations of different lengths, we show that the N-terminal part of the stem increases trimer stability and also modulates the trimer structure outside the stem interaction site.
Sensitization of Pancreatic Cancer to Chemoradiation by the Chk1 Inhibitor MK8776
Authors: Engelke Carl G. , Parsels Leslie A. , Qian Yushen , Zhang Qiang , Karnak David , Robertson Jordan R. , Tanska Daria M. , Wei Dongping , Davis Mary A. , Parsels Joshua D. , Zhao Lili , Greenson Joel K. , Lawrence Theodore S. , Maybaum Jonathan , Morgan Meredith A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Purpose: The combination of radiation with chemotherapy is the most effective therapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer. To improve upon this regimen, we combined the selective Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitor MK8776 with gemcitabine-based chemoradiation in preclinical pancreatic cancer models.
Experimental Design: We tested the ability of MK8776 to sensitize to gemcitabine-radiation in homologous recombination repair (HRR)–proficient and –deficient pancreatic cancer cells and assessed Rad51 focus formation. In vivo, we investigated the efficacy, tumor cell selectivity, and pharmacodynamic biomarkers of sensitization by MK8776.
Results: We found that MK8776 significantly sensitized HRR-proficient (AsPC-1, MiaPaCa-2, BxPC-3) but not -deficient (Capan-1) pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine-radiation and inhibited Rad51 focus formation in HRR-proficient cells. In vivo, MiaPaCa-2 xenografts were significantly sensitized to gemcitabine-radiation by MK8776 without significant weight loss or observable toxicity in the small intestine, the dose-limiting organ for chemoradiation therapy in pancreatic cancer. We also assessed pChk1 (S345), a pharmacodynamic biomarker of DNA damage in response to Chk1 inhibition in both tumor and small intestine and found that MK8776 combined with gemcitabine or gemcitabine-radiation produced a significantly greater increase in pChk1 (S345) in tumor relative to small intestine, suggesting greater DNA damage in tumor than in normal tissue. Furthermore, we demonstrated the utility of an ex vivo platform for assessment of pharmacodynamic biomarkers of Chk1 inhibition in pancreatic cancer.
Conclusions: Together, our results suggest that MK8776 selectively sensitizes HRR-proficient pancreatic cancer cells and xenografts to gemcitabine-radiation and support the clinical investigation of MK8776 in combination with gemcitabine-radiation in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(16); 4412–21. ©2013 AACR.
Circulating microparticles of glial origin and tissue factor bearing in high-grade glioma: a potential prothrombotic role
Authors: Puppa Alessandro , Ballin Andrea , Campello Elena , Radu Claudia , Saggiorato Graziella , d’Avella Domenico , Scienza Renato , Cella Giuseppe , Simioni Paolo , Sartori Maria 
Published: June 2013

SummaryVenous thromboembolism (VTE) may complicate the clinical course of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Circulating microparticles (MPs) have been associated with cancer-related VTE. Sixty-one consecutive patients with GBM undergoing gross-total (41) or subtotal (20) surgical resection followed by radio-chemotherapy were prospectively evaluated. MPs numbers according to cellular origin and the procoagulant activity of annexin V positive (AV+) MPs (MP-activity) were measured before surgery and then 1 week and 1, 4, and 7 months after surgery. Glial (GFAP+) and endothelial (CD62E+) derived MPs, AV+ and tissue factor-bearing (TF+) MPs were measured using flow cytometry. Baseline levels of GFAP+/TF-, TF+/GFAP-, and GFAP+/TF+ MPs were significantly higher in GBM patients than in healthy controls, and significantly increased at each time point after surgery; at 7 months, a further significant increase over the level found a week after surgery was only seen in the subtotally resected patients. The number AV+/CD62E- MPs increased in GBM patients and correlated with MP activity. TF+/GFAP- MPs numbers were significantly higher in 11 GBM patients who developed VTE than in those who did not (p 0.04). TF+/GFAP- MPs levels above the 90th percentile (calculated in GBM patients without VTE) were associated with a higher risk of VTE (RR 4.17, 95% CI 1.57–11.03). In conclusion, the numbers of glial-derived and/or TF-bearing MPs were high in GBM patients both before and even more after the neoplasm was treated, especially in patients with subtotal resection likely according to disease progression. A contribution of TF+/GFAP- MPs to the risk of VTE is suggested.
The Anterior Hippocampus Supports a Coarse, Global Environmental Representation and the Posterior Hippocampus Supports Fine-grained, Local Environmental Representations
Authors: Evensmoen Hallvard Røe , Lehn Hanne , Xu Jian , Witter Menno P. , Nadel Lynn , Håberg Asta K. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Representing an environment globally, in a coarse way, and locally, in a fine-grained way, are two fundamental aspects of how our brain interprets the world that surrounds us. The neural correlates of these representations have not been explicated in humans. In this study we used fMRI to investigate these correlates and to explore a possible functional segregation in the hippocampus and parietal cortex. We hypothesized that processing a coarse, global environmental representation engages anterior parts of these regions, whereas processing fine-grained, local environmental information engages posterior parts. Participants learned a virtual environment and then had to find their way during fMRI. After scanning, we assessed strategies used and representations stored. Activation in the hippocampal head (anterior) was related to the multiple distance and global direction judgments and to the use of a coarse, global environmental representation during navigation. Activation in the hippocampal tail (posterior) was related to both local and global direction judgments and to using strategies like number of turns. A structural shape analysis showed that the use of a coarse, global environmental representation was related to larger right hippocampal head volume and smaller right hippocampal tail volume. In the inferior parietal cortex, a similar functional segregation was observed, with global routes represented anteriorly and fine-grained route information such as number of turns represented posteriorly. In conclusion, moving from the anterior to the posterior hippocampus and inferior parietal cortex reflects a shift from processing coarse global environmental representations to processing fine-grained, local environmental representations.