bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blissfully ignorant: the effects of general privacy concerns, general institutional trust, and affect in the privacy calculus
Authors: Kehr Flavius , Kowatsch Tobias , Wentzel Daniel , Fleisch Elgar 
Published: March 2015

AbstractExisting research on information privacy has mostly relied on the privacy calculus model, which views privacy‐related decision‐making as a rational process where individuals weigh the anticipated risks of disclosing personal data against the potential benefits. In this research, we develop an extension to the privacy calculus model, arguing that the situation‐specific assessment of risks and benefits is bounded by (1) pre‐existing attitudes or dispositions, such as general privacy concerns or general institutional trust, and (2) limited cognitive resources and heuristic thinking. An experimental study, employing two samples from the USA and Switzerland, examined consumer responses to a new smartphone application that collects driving behavior data and provided converging support for these predictions. Specifically, the results revealed that a situation‐specific assessment of risks and benefits fully mediates the effect of dispositional factors on information disclosure. In addition, the results showed that privacy assessment is influenced by momentary affective states, indicating that consumers underestimate the risks of information disclosure when confronted with a user interface that elicits positive affect.
Illuminating the underground: the reality of unauthorised file sharing
Authors: Beekhuyzen Jenine , von Hellens Liisa , Nielsen Sue 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a new conceptualisation of online communities by exploring how an online community forms and is maintained. Many stakeholders in the music industry rightly point out that unauthorised file sharing is illegal, so why do so many people feel it is acceptable to download music without paying? Our study found highly cohesive, well‐organised groups that were motivated by scarcity and the lack of high quality music files. Our ethnographic research provides insight into the values and beliefs of music file sharers: their demands are not currently being met. Using Actor‐network theory, we are able to propose that the file sharers represent a growing potential market in the music industry and that music distribution systems should be developed accordingly to meet the demands of this user group. Therefore, this study can serve as a springboard for understanding unauthorised file sharing and perhaps other deviant behaviours using technology.
Morphological and Physiological Responses of Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and Chicory (Cichorium intybus) to Water Stress and Defoliation Frequency
Authors: Cranston L. M. , Kenyon P. R. , Morris S. T. , Lopez‐Villalobos N. , Kemp P. D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPlants are often subjected to periods of water stress. There are little data examining the effect of water stress on the forage species Plantago lanceolata and Cichorium intybus. In two pot experiments with P. lanceolata and C. intybus, morphological responses under optimum, dry, and very‐dry water treatments with weekly, fortnightly and 3‐weekly defoliation intervals and physiological responses under optimum and very‐dry water treatments were measured. A third experiment compared the rooting depths of P. lanceolata and C. intybus under field conditions. These findings suggest that both P. lanceolata and C. intybus can survive and continue to grow under water stress conditions with the main differences between the two species being attributable to morphological characteristics (root mass, taproot diameter and shoot mass fraction) rather than differences at a physiological level. Overall, the results suggest plantain may be more productive under moderate drought due to its greater shoot mass fraction, whereas chicory may be more productive and persistent under severe drought due to its greater root mass, taproot diameter and root depth under field conditions.
Diamond in metasedimentary crustal rocks from Pohorje, Eastern Alps: a window to deep continental subduction
Authors: Janák M. , Froitzheim N. , Yoshida K. , Sasinková V. , Nosko M. , Kobayashi T. , Hirajima T. , Vrabec M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report the first finding of diamond and moissanite in metasedimentary crustal rocks of Pohorje Mountains (Slovenia) in the Austroalpine ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane of the Eastern Alps. Microscopic observations and Raman spectroscopy show that diamond occurs in situ as inclusions in garnet, being heterogeneously distributed. Under the optical microscope, diamond‐bearing inclusions are of cuboidal to rounded shape and of pinkish, yellow to brownish colour. The Raman spectra of the investigated diamond show a sharp, first order peak of sp3‐bonded carbon, in most cases centred between 1332 and 1330 cm−1, with a full width at half maximum between 3 and 5 cm−1. Several spectra show Raman bands typical for disordered graphitic (sp2‐bonded) carbon. Detailed observations show that diamond occurs either as a monomineralic, single‐crystal inclusion or it is associated with SiC (moissanite), CO2 and CH4 in polyphase inclusions. This rare record of diamond occurring with moissanite as fluid‐inclusion daughter minerals implies the crystallization of diamond and moissanite from a supercritical fluid at reducing conditions. Thermodynamic modelling suggests that diamond‐bearing gneisses attained P–T conditions of ≥3.5 GPa and 800–850 °C, similar to eclogites and garnet peridotites. We argue that diamond formed when carbonaceous sediment underwent UHP metamorphism at mantle depth exceeding 100 km during continental subduction in the Late Cretaceous (c. 95–92 Ma). The finding of diamond confirms UHP metamorphism in the Pohorje Mountains, the most deeply subducted part of Austroalpine units.
Correlation of two‐photon in vivo imaging and FIB/SEM microscopy
Authors: BLAZQUEZ‐LLORCA L. , HUMMEL E. , ZIMMERMAN H. , ZOU C. , BURGOLD S. , RIETDORF J. , HERMS J. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryAdvances in the understanding of brain functions are closely linked to the technical developments in microscopy. In this study, we describe a correlative microscopy technique that offers a possibility of combining two‐photon in vivo imaging with focus ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM) techniques. Long‐term two‐photon in vivo imaging allows the visualization of functional interactions within the brain of a living organism over the time, and therefore, is emerging as a new tool for studying the dynamics of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. However, light microscopy has important limitations in revealing alterations occurring at the synaptic level and when this is required, electron microscopy is mandatory. FIB/SEM microscopy is a novel tool for three‐dimensional high‐resolution reconstructions, since it acquires automated serial images at ultrastructural level. Using FIB/SEM imaging, we observed, at 10 nm isotropic resolution, the same dendrites that were imaged in vivo over 9 days. Thus, we analyzed their ultrastructure and monitored the dynamics of the neuropil around them. We found that stable spines (present during the 9 days of imaging) formed typical asymmetric contacts with axons, whereas transient spines (present only during one day of imaging) did not form a synaptic contact. Our data suggest that the morphological classification that was assigned to a dendritic spine according to the in vivo images did not fit with its ultrastructural morphology. The correlative technique described herein is likely to open opportunities for unravelling the earlier unrecognized complexity of the nervous system.
New data‐driven method from 3D confocal microscopy for calculating phytoplankton cell biovolume
Authors: ROSELLI L. , PAPARELLA F. , STANCA E. , BASSET A. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryConfocal laser scanner microscopy coupled with an image analysis system was used to directly determine the shape and calculate the biovolume of phytoplankton organisms by constructing 3D models of cells. The study was performed on Biceratium furca (Ehrenberg) Vanhoeffen, which is one of the most complex‐shaped phytoplankton. Traditionally, biovolume is obtained from a standardized set of geometric models based on linear dimensions measured by light microscopy. However, especially in the case of complex‐shaped cells, biovolume is affected by very large errors associated with the numerous manual measurements that this entails. We evaluate the accuracy of these traditional methods by comparing the results obtained using geometric models with direct biovolume measurement by image analysis. Our results show cell biovolume measurement based on decomposition into simple geometrical shapes can be highly inaccurate. Although we assume that the most accurate cell shape is obtained by 3D direct biovolume measurement, which is based on voxel counting, the intrinsic uncertainty of this method is explored and assessed. Finally, we implement a data‐driven formula‐based approach to the calculation of biovolume of this complex‐shaped organism. On one hand, the model is obtained from 3D direct calculation. On the other hand, it is based on just two linear dimensions which can easily be measured by hand. This approach has already been used for investigating the complexities of morphology and for determining the 3D structure of cells. It could also represent a novel way to generalize scaling laws for biovolume calculation.
Study of inelastic mean free path of metal nanostructures using energy filtered transmission electron microscopy imaging
Authors: GHOSH T. , BARDHAN M. , BHATTACHARYA M. , SATPATI B. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryWe report a simple method for measuring the inelastic mean free path of nanostructures of known geometry using energy filtered transmission electron microscopy imaging. The mean free path of inelastic electrons was measured by using systems having known symmetry, such as cylindrical or cubic, combined with Poisson statistics without employing the knowledge of microscope parameters, namely the convergence angle and the collection angle. Having inherent symmetry of such systems, their absolute thickness can be measured from their two‐dimensional projection images. We have calculated mean free path of inelastic scattering of electrons in gold, silver and nickel doing case study research by employing gold nanorod, silver nanocube and nickel nanorod lying on a carbon‐coated TEM grid at two different electron energies (viz. 200 and 300 keV) following this alternative approach. Results obtained using such alternative approach were verified using microscope parameters.
Fastigial nucleus stimulation regulates neuroprotection via induction of a novel microRNA, rno‐miR‐676‐1, in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats
Authors: Pang Xiao‐Min , Liu Jing‐Li , Li Jin‐Pin , Huang Li‐Gang , Zhang Lei , Xiang Hui‐Yao , Feng Ling‐Bo , Chen Chun‐Yong , Li Sheng‐Hua , Su Sheng‐You 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) reduces tissue damage resulting from focal cerebral ischemia. Although the mechanisms of neuroprotection induced by FNS are not entirely understood, important data have been presented in the past two decades. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a newly discovered group of non‐coding small RNA molecules that negatively regulate target gene expression and are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. To date, no studies have demonstrated whether miRNAs can serve as mediators of the brain's response to FNS, which leads to endogenous neuroprotection. Therefore, this study investigated the profiles of FNS‐mediated miRNAs. Using a combination of deep sequencing and microarray with computational analysis, we identified a novel miRNA in the rat ischemic cortex after 1 h of FNS. This novel miRNA (PC‐3p‐3469_406), herein referred to as rno‐miR‐676‐1, was upregulated in rats with cerebral ischemia after FNS. In vivo observations indicate that this novel miRNA may have antiapoptotic effects and contribute to neuroprotection induced by FNS. Our study provides a better understanding of neuroprotection induced by FNS.
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MicroRNA (miRNA) is defined as a small non‐coding RNA that fulfills both the expression and biogenesis criteria. Here, we describe a novel miRNA in the rat ischemic cortex expressed after 1 h of fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS). The miRNA was functionally characterized by secondary structure, quantitative expression, the conservation analysis, target gene analysis, and biological functions. We consider rno‐miR‐676‐1 to be a true microRNA and present evidence for its neuroprotective effects exerted after induction by FNS.
Gender Differences in the Predictors of Physical Activity Among Assisted Living Residents
Authors: Chen Yuh‐Min , Li Yueh‐Ping , Yen Min‐Ling 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPurposeTo explore gender differences in the predictors of physical activity (PA) among assisted living residents.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional design was adopted. A convenience sample of 304 older adults was recruited from four assisted living facilities in Taiwan. Two separate simultaneous multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify the predictors of PA for older men and women. Independent variables entered into the regression models were age, marital status, educational level, past regular exercise participation, number of chronic diseases, functional status, self‐rated health, depression, and self‐efficacy expectations.FindingsIn older men, a junior high school or higher educational level, past regular exercise participation, better functional status, better self‐rated health, and higher self‐efficacy expectations predicted more PA, accounting for 61.3% of the total variance in PA. In older women, better self‐rated health, lower depression, and higher self‐efficacy expectations predicted more PA, accounting for 50% of the total variance in PA.ConclusionsPredictors of PA differed between the two genders. The results have crucial implications for developing gender‐specific PA interventions.Clinical RelevanceThrough a clearer understanding of gender‐specific predictors, healthcare providers can implement gender‐sensitive PA‐enhancing interventions to assist older residents in performing sufficient PA.
The Cost of Capital for Alternative Investments
Authors: JUREK JAKUB W. , STAFFORD ERIK 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTTraditional risk factor models indicate that hedge funds capture pre‐fee alphas of 6% to 10% per annum over the period from 1996 to 2012. At the same time, the hedge fund return series is not reliably distinguishable from the returns of mechanical S&P 500 put‐writing strategies. We show that the high excess returns to hedge funds and put‐writing are consistent with an equilibrium in which a small subset of investors specialize in bearing downside market risks. Required rates of return in such an equilibrium can dramatically exceed those suggested by traditional models, affecting inference about the attractiveness of these investments.
Health and Mortality Delta: Assessing the Welfare Cost of Household Insurance Choice
Authors: KOIJEN RALPH S.J. , VAN NIEUWERBURGH STIJN , YOGO MOTOHIRO 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTWe develop a pair of risk measures, health and mortality delta, for the universe of life and health insurance products. A life‐cycle model of insurance choice simplifies to replicating the optimal health and mortality delta through a portfolio of insurance products. We estimate the model to explain the observed variation in health and mortality delta implied by the ownership of life insurance, annuities including private pensions, and long‐term care insurance in the Health and Retirement Study. For the median household aged 51 to 57, the lifetime welfare cost of market incompleteness and suboptimal choice is 3.2% of total wealth.
Evaluation of the cytotoxic and antitumour effects of the essential oil from Mentha x villosa and its main compound, rotundifolone
Authors: Amaral Ricardo G , Fonseca Cecília S , Silva Tayane Kayne M , Andrade Luciana N , França Maria E , Barbosa-Filho José M , de Sousa Damião P , Moraes Manoel O , Pessoa Cláudia Ó , Carvalho Adriana A , Thomazzi Sara Maria 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and antitumour effects of the essential oil from the leaves of Mentha x villosa (EOMV) and its main component (rotundifolone).

Methods
In-vitro cytotoxic activity of the EOMV and rotundifolone was determined on cultured tumour cells. In-vivo antitumour activity of the EOMV was assessed in sarcoma 180-bearing mice.

Key findings
The EOMV displayed cytotoxicity against human tumour cell lines, showing IC50 values in the range of 0.57–1.02 μg/ml in the HCT-116 and SF-295 cell lines, respectively. Rotundifolone showed weak cytotoxicity against HCT-116, SF-295 and OVCAR-8 cell lines (IC50 &gt; 25.00 μg/ml). Tumour growth inhibition rates were 29.4–40.5% and 25.0–45.2% for the EOMV treatment by intraperitoneal (50–100 mg/kg/day) and oral (100–200 mg/kg/day) administration, respectively. The EOMV did not significantly affect body mass and macroscopy of the organs.

Conclusions
The EOMV possesses significant antitumour activity with low systemic toxicity, possibly due to the synergistic action of its minor constituents.
Effects of supplementing rare earth element cerium on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and plasma biochemical parameters in beef cattle
Authors: Lin S. X. , Wei C. , Zhao G. Y. , Zhang T. T. , Yang K. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe objectives of the trial were to investigate the effects of supplementing rare earth element (REE) cerium (Ce) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, methane (CH4) production, nitrogen (N) balance and plasma biochemical parameters in beef cattle. Four Simmental male cattle, aged at 14 months, with initial liveweight of 355 ± 8 kg and fitted with permanent rumen cannulas, were used as experimental animals. The cattle were fed with a total mixed ration (TMR) composed of concentrate mixture and corn silage. Four levels of cerium chloride (CeCl3·7H2O, purity 99.9%), that is 0, 80, 160 and 240 mg CeCl3/kg DM, were added to basal ration in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 15 days, of which the first 12 days were for pre‐treatment and the last 3 days were for sampling. The results showed that supplementing CeCl3 at 160 or 240 mg/kg DM increased neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (p < 0.05) and tended to increased acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility (p = 0.083). Supplementing CeCl3 at 80, 160 or 240 mg/kg DM decreased the molar ratio of rumen acetate to propionate linearly (p < 0.05). Supplementing CeCl3 at 160 or 240 mg/kg DM decreased total N excretion, urinary N excretion and increased N retention (p < 0.05), increased excretion of total urinary purine derivatives (PD) (p < 0.05) and decreased CH4/kg DMI (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing CeCl3 at 160 or 240 mg/kg DM in the ration of beef cattle increased the digestibility of NDF, decreased the molar ratio of rumen acetate to propionate, increased N retention and microbial N flow and decreased CH4/kg DMI.
Cosmogenic nuclides in the Košice meteorite: Experimental investigations and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Povinec Pavel P. , Masarik Jozef , Sýkora Ivan , Kováčik Andrej , Beňo Juraj , Meier Matthias M. M. , Wieler Rainer , Laubenstein Matthias , Porubčan Vladimir 
Published: March 2015

AbstractResults of nondestructive gamma‐ray analyses of cosmogenic radionuclides (7Be, 22Na, 26Al, 46Sc, 48V, 54Mn, 56Co, 57Co, 58Co, and 60Co) in 19 fragments of the Košice meteorite are presented and discussed. The activities varied mainly with position of fragments in the meteoroid body, and with fluxes of cosmic‐ray particles in the space affecting radionuclides with different half‐lives. Monte Carlo simulations of the production rates of 60Co and 26Al compared with experimental data indicate that the pre‐atmospheric radius of the meteoroid was 50 ± 5 cm. In two Košice fragments, He, Ne, and Ar concentrations and isotopic compositions were also analyzed. The noble‐gas cosmic‐ray exposure age of the Košice meteorite is 5–7 Myr, consistent with the conspicuous peak (or doublet peak) in the exposure age histogram of H chondrites. One sample likely contains traces of implanted solar wind Ne, suggesting that Košice is a regolith breccia. The agreement between the simulated and observed 26Al activities indicate that the meteoroid was mostly irradiated by a long‐term average flux of galactic cosmic rays of 4.8 particles cm−2 s−1, whereas the short‐lived radionuclide activities are more consistent with a flux of 7.0 protons cm−2 s−1 as a result of the low solar modulation of the galactic cosmic rays during the last few years before the meteorite fall.
Various aspects of the petrogenesis of the Martian shergottite meteorites
Authors: Jones J. H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSeveral controversies are associated with the age and origin of the shergottite meteorites, a suite of basaltic samples from Mars. Here, it will be argued that (1) the shergottites have a young igneous age, ≤600 Myr, (2) their parent magmas were relatively dry, (3) the range of initial isotopic compositions in shergottites is most likely due to assimilation of crustal materials by mantle‐derived basaltic magmas, and (4) the intercumulus liquid compositions of shergottites such as Shergotty and Zagami are relatively well constrained.
Observations of Martian layered ejecta craters and constraints on their formation mechanisms
Authors: Li Li , Yue Zongyu , Di Kaichang , Peng Man 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe formation mechanism of layered ejecta craters on Mars has remained a topic of intense debate since their discovery. In this study, we perform a global morphological analysis of Martian layered ejecta craters using Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) images and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data. The study focuses on the ejecta morphologies and well‐defined distal rampart characteristics associated with 9945 layered ejecta craters with a diameter greater than 1.5 km distributed across the entire Martian surface. Data analysis based on the new database provides new information on the distribution and morphological details of the three major layered ejecta morphologies (single layer ejecta [SLE], double layer ejecta [DLE], and multiple layer ejecta [MLE]). Global analysis is applied to the latitudinal distribution of characteristic parameters, including the ejecta mobility, lobateness values, and onset diameter. Our survey of the distribution and characteristics of layered ejecta craters reveals that strong correlations exist between ejecta mobility and latitude, and there is a latitudinal dependence of onset diameter. Our study of Martian layered ejecta craters provides more detailed information and insights of a connection between the layered ejecta morphologies and the subsurface volatiles.