bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Botulinum toxin type A injection for neurogenic detrusor overactivity: Clinical outcome in Japanese patients
Authors: Hikita Katsuya , Honda Masashi , Kawamoto Bunya , Panagiota Tsounapi , Inoue Seiya , Hinata Nobuyuki , Muraoka Kuniyasu , Takenaka Atsushi 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo report our experience with intravesical injection of botulinum toxin type A into the detrusor muscle of patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity secondary to suprasacral spinal cord lesions or multiple sclerosis.MethodsBetween January 2003 and March 2011, 11 patients (aged 23–75 years) were treated with 40 injections of botulinum toxin type A 300 U. The patients were followed up for 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. The King's Health Questionnaire was administered and cystometric studies were carried out at baseline and 8 weeks after treatment.ResultsA total of six women and five men were treated. Analysis of the King's Health Questionnaire showed a significant improvement in eight of the nine domain scores at 8 weeks from baseline. On cystometric studies, the mean maximum cystometric capacity increased significantly in all patients at 8 weeks from baseline (P < 0.001). Bladder compliance also increased significantly (P < 0.001). The number of urinary incontinence episodes per day improved significantly from baseline after injection (4 weeks, P < 0.001; 8 weeks, P < 0.001; 12 weeks, P < 0.001). Lack of efficacy appeared 7.15 ± 3.4 months after treatment.ConclusionsInjection of botulinum toxin type A into the detrusor muscle of patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity secondary to suprasacral spinal cord lesions or multiple sclerosis consistently improves bladder control and quality of life.
Moment of inertia as a means to evaluate the biomechanical impact of pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Brandão Sofia , Da Roza Thuane , Mascarenhas Teresa , Duarte Sonia , Ramos Isabel , Parente Marco , Jorge Renato Natal 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo present an alternative measure (moment of inertia) to describe the anatomical features of the pelvic organ prolapse.MethodsA total of 30 women (21 diagnosed as having pelvic organ prolapse and 9 as controls) were evaluated by clinical scales and magnetic resonance imaging. Imaging biometric measures were carried out. Moment of inertia, pubovisceral muscle thickness and area, and levator hiatus anterior‐to‐posterior and lateral measures were compared by means of non‐parametric tests, as well as their correlation with demographic features of the two sample groups.ResultsMoment of inertia, muscle area and levator hiatus diameters were statistically different between patients and controls. Furthermore, they were also well correlated with prolapse‐associated factors, such as the number of vaginal deliveries and age, as well as Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system and imaging staging of levator ani defects.ConclusionsMoment of inertia can be used as a new parameter to evaluate pelvic floor damage resulting from prolapse.
Active surveillance for small renal tumors: Have clinical concerns been addressed so far?
Authors: Gontero Paolo , Joniau Steven , Oderda Marco , Ruutu Mirja , Van Poppel Hein , Laguna M Pilar , de la Rosette Jean , Kirkali Ziya 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe incidence of small renal masses is increasing, as a result of the wide adoption of imaging exams. Their management, however, is complicated, especially in patients with decreased life expectancy or comorbidities. Approximately 20% of small renal masses are benign and, even if malignant, just 10% show aggressive pathological features. Furthermore, competing cause mortality seems to exceed the cancer‐specific mortality in patients aged over 70 years. The role of percutaneous tumor biopsy is still not well defined. All these observations raise the concern as to whether surgery might represent an overtreatment for some cases of small renal masses, calling into question the role of active surveillance. The aim of this review was to evaluate the current evidence pertaining to several hot questions that need to be addressed when contemplating active surveillance for small renal masses. The most relevant publications on this subject available in the literature were selected. Five representative series of active surveillance along with the main related variables were identified. Some relevant items surrounding the field of active surveillance were identified and submitted to an evidence‐based discussion. According to the recent evidence, small renal masses under active surveillance tend to show an indolent course with a low probability of disease progression, the latter being triggered most of the time by a tendency to grow faster. Unfortunately, we are currently unable to predict those few cases with aggressive behavior. According to the current evidence, active surveillance is feasible and safe in elderly and comorbid patients.
Analysis of urological procedures in men who died from prostate cancer using a population‐based approach
Authors: Babaian Kara , Truong Matthew , Cetnar Jeremy , Cross Deanna S. , Shi Fangfang , Ritter Mark A. , Jarrard David F. 
Published: November 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Very few studies have examined end‐of‐life urological studies in men with prostate cancer. These studies reported fewer procedures in men who received primary therapy for prostate cancer. However, these studies were typically single institution or had a short follow‐up period.The present study is the first population‐based study examining end‐of‐life urological procedures and uses a geographic region encompassing 385 000 patients. Furthermore, this study incorporates both hospital‐ and office‐based procedures. This approach has not been previously undertaken.OBJECTIVE
To determine using a population‐based approach whether men with end‐stage prostate cancer who had definitive primary therapy might require fewer urological interventions. Repeated urological procedures can impact health‐related quality of life in patients dying from prostate cancer.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Using the Marshfield Epidemiological Study Area (MESA) database and tumour registry, we compared end‐of‐life interventions in men who died from prostate cancer between 1991 and 2009.
Patient charts were queried for urological procedures using International Classification of Disease Modification, 9th edition (ICD9) codes for 3 years before death.
Clinicopathological information was examined including whether the patient had a history of primary therapy (radiation or radical prostatectomy).
RESULTS
Among 280 patients dying from prostate cancer, 52 (19%) required 153 urological procedures during the last 3 years of life. The frequency of procedures increased closer to death. The most common procedures involved nephrostomy tube (56%), Foley catheter (24%) and transurethral resection of the prostate (10%).
Clinicopathological features did not predict the need for an end‐of‐life urological procedure.
There was no difference in the frequency of upper or lower tract procedures in surgery or radiation patients compared with patients without primary therapy (P= 0.556 and P= 0.508).
Using a Kaplan–Meier analysis, there were no differences between groups in the proportion of patients not requiring a procedure (n= 280; P= 0.179).
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first population‐based study to examine the frequency of urological procedures in patients with end‐stage prostate cancer.
A minority of patients (19%) required urological procedures during the final 3 years of life.
A history of surgery or radiation did not influence the overall risk for urological intervention.
Low suspicion lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging predict for the absence of high‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Yerram Nitin K. , Volkin Dmitry , Turkbey Baris , Nix Jeffrey , Hoang Anthony N. , Vourganti Srinivas , Gupta Gopal N. , Linehan W. Marston , Choyke Peter L. , Wood Bradford J. , Pinto Peter A. 
Published: November 2012

Study Type – Diagnostic (case series)Level of Evidence 4
What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Over‐treatment of indolent prostate cancer lesions is a problem which can result in increased human and medical costs.Lesions with a low suspician level at mpMRI of the prostate have low risk of including high risk prostate cancer.Objective
To determine whether multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has the potential to identify patients at low risk for cancer, thus obviating the need for biopsy. Prostate cancer is currently diagnosed by random biopsies, resulting in the discovery of multiple low‐risk cancers that often lead to overtreatment.
Patients and Methods
We reviewed 800 consecutive patients who underwent a 3 Tesla mpMRI of the prostate with an endorectal coil from March 2007 to November 2011.
All suspicious lesions were independently reviewed by two radiologists using T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted, spectroscopic and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI sequences.
Patients with only low suspicion lesions (maximum of two positive parameters on mpMRI) who subsequently underwent transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)/MRI fusion targeted biopsy were selected for analysis.
Results
In total, 125 patients with only low suspicion prostatic lesions on mpMRI were identified.
On TRUS/MRI fusion biopsy, 77 (62%) of these patients had no cancer detected, 38 patients had Gleason 6 disease and 10 patients had Gleason 7 (3+4) disease.
There were 30 patients with cancer detected on biopsy who qualified for active surveillance using 2011 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines.
No cases of high‐risk (≥ Gleason 4+3) cancer were identified on biopsy and, of the fifteen patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution, none were pathologically upgraded to high‐risk cancer.
Thus, for patients with only low suspicion lesions, 107 (88%) patients either had no cancer or clinically insignificant disease.
Conclusions
The results obtained in the present study show that low suspicion lesions on mpMRI are associated with either negative biopsies or low‐grade tumours suitable for active surveillance.
Such patients have a low risk of harbouring high‐risk prostate cancers.
NATURE'S JOINTS: A REALISTIC DEFENCE OF NATURAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Mellor D. H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper attacks two contrary views. One denies that nature has joints, taking the properties we call natural to be merely artefacts of our theories. The other accepts real natural properties but takes their naturalness to come by degrees. I argue that both are wrong: natural properties are real, and their naturalness no more comes by degrees than does the naturalness of the things that have them.1
BOUNDARIES IN REALITY
Authors: Tahko Tuomas E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper defends the idea that there must be some joints in reality, some correct way to classify or categorize it. This may seem obvious, but we will see that there are at least three conventionalist arguments against this idea, as well as philosophers who have found them convincing. The thrust of these arguments is that the manner in which we structure, divide or carve up the world is not grounded in any natural, genuine boundaries in the world. Ultimately they are supposed to pose a serious threat to realism. The first argument that will be examined concerns the claim that there are no natural boundaries in reality, the second one focuses on the basis of our classificatory schemes, which the conventionalist claims to be merely psychological, and the third considers the significance of our particular features in carving up the world, such as physical size and perceptual capabilities. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that none of these objections succeed in undermining the existence of genuine joints in reality.
CONTRASTIVE EXPLANATIONS IN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Authors: Boulter Stephen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTaxonomists in biology have traditionally been concerned to delimit and classify actual (or previously actual) biological forms or kinds. But not all useful classification schemes are of actualised forms. This paper focuses on the need to delimit and classify non‐actual forms when offering contrastive explanations in evolutionary biology. Such a classification scheme sorts actual and non‐actual forms according to their modal status. Such a sorting has been offered by theoretical morphologists, but these efforts have paid insufficient attention to the metaphysics of modality. Contemporary approaches to the metaphysics and epistemology of modality are also found wanting. The paper ends by arguing that the needed intellectual resources are to be found in the imaginative use of Aristotle.
Assessing the genetic impact of massive restocking on wild mallard
Authors: Champagnon J. , Crochet P‐A. , Kreisinger J. , Čížková D. , Gauthier‐Clerc M. , Massez G. , Söderquist P. , Albrecht T. , Guillemain M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCaptive‐bred mallards Anas platyrhynchos have been released for hunting purposes at a very large scale in Europe since the mid‐1970s. In spite of a potential genetic impact, the actual contribution of restocked mallards to the genome of the target population has received little attention. The genetic structure of modern wild mallards in the Camargue, Southern France, was assessed from two samples: one originating from shot birds in hunting bags and one from presumed wild ducks captured alive in a hunting‐free reserve. Reference samples originated from five mallard farms, as well as from museum samples collected before the mid‐1970s (i.e. before massive mallard releases started). Our results revealed that the genetic signature of wild wintering mallards has not changed significantly because museum and presumed wild samples from the Camargue hunting‐free nature reserve were genetically similar, and clearly differentiated from the farm mallards. This suggests that mallard releases in the Camargue or elsewhere in France, although massive, have not actually translated into complete admixture of wild and captive genomes, most likely due to low survival of released birds once in the wild. Nevertheless, although genetic introgression of the wild population by captive‐bred was contained, we found significant rates of hybridization between wild and captive‐bred mallards in modern samples. This result suggests that long‐term releases of captive‐bred mallards, if carried on at such large scale, could compromise irreversibly the genetic structure and composition of European mallards. This work contributes to fill in the gap on the monitoring of the genetic consequences of large‐scale game releases for exploitation.
Aspirin in the prevention of pre‐eclampsia in high‐risk women: a randomised placebo‐controlled PREDO Trial and a meta‐analysis of randomised trials
Authors: Villa PM , Kajantie E , Räikkönen K , Pesonen A‐K , Hämäläinen E , Vainio M , Taipale P , Laivuori H ,   on behalf of the PREDO Study group
Published: November 2012

Objective  To study the effect of aspirin in the prevention of pre‐eclampsia in high‐risk women.Design  Randomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial.Setting  Maternity clinics in ten Finnish hospitals participating in the PREDO Project.Sample  A total of 152 women with risk factors for pre‐eclampsia and abnormal uterine artery Doppler velocimetry.Methods  Participants were randomised to start either aspirin 100 mg/day or placebo at 12 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks + days of gestation. Because of the limited power of this trial, we also conducted a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials that included data on 346 women with abnormal uterine artery Doppler flow velocimetry, and aspirin 50–150 mg/day started at or before 16 weeks of gestation.Main outcome measure  Pre‐eclampsia, gestational hypertension and birthweight standard deviation (SD) score. Outcome measures for the meta‐analysis were pre‐eclampsia, severe pre‐eclampsia, preterm (diagnosed <37 + 0 weeks of gestation) and term pre‐eclampsia.Results  From the 152 randomised women, 121 were included in the final analysis. Low‐dose aspirin did not reduce the rate of pre‐eclampsia (relative risk [RR] 0.7, 95% CI 0.3–1.7); gestational hypertension (RR 1.6, 95% CI 0.6–4.2); early‐onset pre‐eclampsia (diagnosed <34 + 0 weeks of gestation) (RR 0.2, 95% CI 0.03–2.1); or severe pre‐eclampsia (RR 0.4, 95% CI 0.1–1.3); and the results were not statistically significant in an intention‐to‐treat analysis. However, our meta‐analysis, including the current data, suggested that low‐dose aspirin initiated before 16 weeks of gestation reduces the risk of pre‐eclampsia (RR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.8) and severe pre‐eclampsia (RR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.7).Conclusions  Our trial showed no statistically significant effect of aspirin in preventing pre‐eclampsia in high‐risk women. However, our meta‐analysis suggested that aspirin may reduce the incidence of pre‐eclampsia.
Optimum Hurricane Futures Hedge in a Warming Environment: A Risk–Return Jump‐Diffusion Approach
Authors: Chang Carolyn W. , Chang Jack S. K. , Wen Min‐Ming 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe develop an optimum risk–return hurricane hedge model in a doubly stochastic jump‐diffusion economy. The model's concave risk–return trade‐off dictates that a higher correlation between hurricane power and insurer's loss, a smaller variable hedging cost, and a larger market risk premium result in a less costly but more effective hedge. The resulting hedge ratio comprises of a positive diffusion, a positive jump, and a negative hedging cost component. Numerical results show that hedging hurricane jump risks is most crucial with jump volatility being the dominant factor, and the faster the warming the more pronounced the jump effects.
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Patients with Valvular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: VALLES ALFRED G. , KHAWAJA FARHAN J. , GERSH BERNARD J. , ENRIQUEZ‐SARANO MAURICE , FRIEDMAN PAUL A. , PARK SOON J. , HODGE DAVID O. , CHA YONG‐MEI 
Published: November 2012

Sudden Death Prevention in Valvular Cardiomyopathy. Background: Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) are beneficial for preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with previous SCD or left ventricular dysfunction.
Objective:
The objective was to investigate the outcomes of ICD implantation in patients who have surgery for valvular cardiomyopathy (VCM).
Methods:
We identified patients with VCM who had ICD implantation after valve surgery. Age‐ and sex‐matched patients who received an ICD for ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) served as controls. Patients with VCM who had valve surgery but did not receive an ICD served as an additional control group. We compared mortality and appropriate ICD discharges between the study group and control groups.
Results:
Mean (SD) age (31 patients with VCM with ICD, 30 with ICM, 26 with DCM, and 62 patients with VCM without ICD) was 60 (15) years, 73% were men. Ejection fraction at ICD implantation was 34%, 26%, and 23% for the VCM with ICD, ICM, and DCM groups, respectively (P = 0.03). After a median follow‐up of 4.1 years, survival was not significantly different among ICD groups (P = 0.06). The annual appropriate shock rate was 5%, 10%, and 4% for the VCM with ICD, ICM, and DCM groups, respectively (P = 0.71). Compared to VCM without ICD, patients with VCM and ICD had comparable survival (P = 0.82) despite a reduced LVEF following valve surgery.
Conclusion:
Patients with VCM who undergo ICD implantation for SCD prevention have similar appropriate ICD discharge rates and mortality as do those with ICM and DCM. These data are hypothesis generating and deserve confirmation with large‐scale prospective studies. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 1326‐1332, December 2012)
Impact of photosensitivity disorders on the life quality of children
Authors: Rizwan Muneeza , Haylett Ann K. , Richards Helen L. , Ling Tsui C. , Rhodes Lesley E. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackground/PurposeAbnormal cutaneous sensitivity to the ultraviolet and/or visible radiation in sunlight characterizes photosensitivity disorders. Little is known regarding their impact in childhood. Our objective was to characterize childhood photosensitivity disorders presenting to a photoinvestigation unit, evaluating their impact on quality of life (QoL).MethodsPhotoinvestigation records of children attending from 2000 to 2007 were evaluated for diagnosis, clinical, demographic and phototest parameters. These children were subsequently contacted during summertime to evaluate the impact of photosensitivity on QoL, utilizing the children's dermatology life quality index (CDLQI).Results83 children underwent photoinvestigation; 62 (74.7%) were diagnosed photosensitive (mean age 8.6 years, range 2–16; 33 female), with abnormal phototest findings in 35 children. 38/55 questionnaires (69.1%) were returned. Mean (± standard deviation) CDLQI score (all diagnoses) was 10.2 ± 7.3 with very high scores in xeroderma pigmentosum (20.7 ± 5.7; n = 3) and actinic prurigo (18.2 ± 7.1; n = 6) and moderate scores in photoaggravated eczema (7.9 ± 4.2; n = 8) and polymorphic light eruption (6.2 ± 4.4 n = 18). CDLQI correlated with number of months affected per year (r = 0.595, P = 0.001).ConclusionPhotosensitivity disorders have a substantial impact, ranging from moderate to extremely large, on QoL in childhood, and the psychological consequences should be considered in their management.
Low‐irradiance red LED traffic lamps as light source in PDT for actinic keratoses
Authors: Enk Claes D. , Levi Assi 
Published: November 2012

SummaryLED light sources for photodynamic therapy have become increasingly popular due to their narrow emission spectra that accurately match the absorption spectrum of porphyrins. Photodynamic therapy at low fluence rates has been shown to be as effective as high output irradiation for treatment of non‐melanoma skin cancers. Fifteen patients with multiple non‐hypertrophic actinic keratoses covering the scalp and the face were treated with aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy using ordinary red LED traffic lamps as light source. All 15 patients improved clinically after one photodynamic therapy session. Only two patients required a second session to obtain satisfactory remission. Pain was minimal during these sessions. Red LED traffic lights constitute a simple alternative to far more complicated and expensive PDT light sources.
General practitioner service provision in residential aged care facilities: 1998–2011
Authors: Taylor Michael J , Edvardsson David , Horey Dell , Fetherstonhaugh Deirdre , Nay Rhonda , Swerissen Hal 
Published: November 2012

AimTo examine the general practitioner (GP) consultation patterns for primary health‐care services provided in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) by consultation type.MethodAnalyses of service provision and RACF population data for the period 1998–2011. All Medicare‐subsidised services provided by GPs across Australia in RACFs were included and categorised by consultation type and by time of service delivery (business or after‐hours).ResultsOverall service delivery increased from 12 118 per 1000 residents in financial year (FY) 1998–99 to 17 079 per 1000 residents in FY2010–11, a 41% increase. Since FY2007–08, the rate of brief consultations has grown by an average of 20% each year. Delivery of after‐hours consultations also increased.ConclusionsThe pattern of GP services provided in RACFs has changed substantially over time. To some extent these changes reflect regulatory adjustments; however, the pattern is at odds with the ever‐increasing dependence levels of residents.