bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust formation at the growth stage of a business‐to‐business relationship
Authors: Dowell David , Heffernan Troy , Morrison Mark 
Published: August 2013

PurposeTrust is known to have three dimensions: ability/competence, integrity/contractual and benevolence/goodwill. Yet what develops these three dimensions of trust is relatively unknown, particularly at the different stages of the relationship lifecycle. The primary goal of this paper is improving understanding about the development of these three elements of trust. Hence, this research is undertaken within the critical growth phase of the relationship lifecycle.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was deemed most appropriate to achieve the deep understanding needed for this type of exploratory study. Using a relationship dyad, which contained a retail manager and wholesale salesperson as the unit of investigation, 18 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted. This constituted nine case studies, which were analysed using content and thematic analysis. A purposive case selection method was used to ensure variance of cases and provide rich data.FindingsThe most interesting findings relate to how trust is developed and how this varies for the different forms of trust. For ability trust, the crucial factors in its development were performance, expertise and communication. With respect to integrity trust, honesty, integral actions and candid response were found to influence the development of trust. For benevolence, trust actions and attitudes emerged as key factors for the development of trust.Research limitations/implicationsTrust has been found to be a key component of relationship marketing success. This research extends this through providing understanding of the elements of trust and what drives the development of these elements, thus providing insights at a level more usable for the practitioner.Originality/valueIt is generally agreed that trust is a multidimensional construct; however there has been limited research on how to develop each of the three elements of trust. This research provides insight into how to develop trust, at a crucial time in the relationship growth stage. It is at this stage that partnerships can flourish or fade, hence trust is vital. Therefore, the development of ability, integrity and benevolence trust is important. This is not an issue that has been researched frequently in the literature; this paper helps to provide understanding of the key factors which develop these three elements of trust.
‘Communicative competence’ in the field of augmentative and alternative communication: a review and critique
Authors: Teachman Gail , Gibson Barbara E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundUnderstandings of ‘communicative competency’ (CC) have an important influence on the ways that researchers and practitioners in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) work toward achieving positive outcomes with AAC users. Yet, very little literature has critically examined conceptualizations of CC in AAC. Following an overview of the emergence of the concept of CC and of the field of AAC, we review seven conceptualizations of CC identified in the literature.AimsTo consider the contributions and potential shortcomings of conceptualizations of CC in AAC.Methods & ProceduresWe use a critical theoretical approach to review, critique and synthesize conceptualizations of CC in AAC, with a particular focus on uncovering ‘taken for granted’ assumptions. By historically situating the reviewed literature, we examine the shifting boundaries and tensions among theoretical conceptualizations of CC in AAC and their potential impacts on practice.Main contributionsWe suggest ways that revisiting past scholarly work, alongside emergent, innovative conceptualizations of CC might shift ways of thinking about CC in AAC which tend to focus on the individual who communicates differently, toward (re)location of CC as a shared, socially incorporated and performed communication construct.Conclusion & ImplicationsWe propose that emerging critical perspectives drawn from AAC and other interdisciplinary literatures offer innovative ways of theorizing communication difference, which might inform evolving conceptualizations of CC in AAC.
Oligomerization is a key step in Cyt1Aa membrane insertion and toxicity but not necessary to synergize Cry11Aa toxicity in Aedes aegypti larvae
Authors: López‐Diaz Jazmin A. , Cantón Pablo Emiliano , Gill Sarjeet S. , Soberón Mario , Bravo Alejandra 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBacillus thuringiensis produces insecticidal Cry and Cyt proteins that are toxic to different insect orders. In addition, Cyt toxins also display haemolytic activity. Both toxins are pore‐forming proteins that form oligomeric structures that insert into the target membrane to lyse cells. Cyt toxins play an important role in mosquitocidal activity since they synergize Cry toxins and are able to overcome resistance to Cry toxins. Cry and Cyt toxins interact by specific epitopes, and this interaction is important to induce the synergistic activity observed. It was proposed that Cyt toxins do not interact with protein receptors but directly interacting with the specific midgut cell lipids. Here, we analysed if oligomerization and membrane insertion of Cyt1Aa are necessary steps to synergize Cry11Aa toxicity. We characterized Cyt1Aa helix α‐C mutants that were affected in oligomerization, in membrane insertion and also in haemolytic and insecticidal activities. However, these mutants were still able to synergize Cry11Aa toxicity indicating these steps are independent events of Cyt1Aa synergistic activity. Furthermore, the data indicate that formation of stable Cyt1Aa‐oligomeric structure is a key step for membrane insertion, haemolysis and insecticidal activity.
A randomized controlled trial of third‐trimester routine ultrasound in a non‐selected population
Authors: Skråstad Ragnhild B. , Eik‐Nes Sturla H. , Sviggum Oddvar , Johansen Ole J. , Salvesen Kjell Å. , Romundstad Pål R. , Blaas Harm‐Gerd K. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare detection rates of small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses, large‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses, congenital anomalies and adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies randomized to third‐trimester routine ultrasound or ultrasound on clinical indication.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingNational Center for Fetal Medicine in Norway between 1989 and 1992.PopulationA total of 6780 pregnancies from a non‐selected population.MethodsTwo routine ultrasound examinations at 18 and 33 weeks were compared with routine ultrasound at 18 weeks and ultrasound on clinical indication. Suspected small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses were followed with serial scans and cardiotocography. Doppler ultrasound was not used.Main outcome measuresDetection rates of small‐for‐gestational‐age and large‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses, congenital anomalies and adverse perinatal outcomes.ResultsThird trimester routine ultrasound improved detection rates of small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses from 46 to 80%, but overall perinatal morbidity and mortality remained unchanged. Detection of large‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses increased from 36 to 91%. There was a significant increase of induction of labor and elective cesarean sections due to suspected small‐for‐gestational‐age and a significant decrease of induction of labor and elective cesarean sections due to suspected large‐for‐gestational‐age in the study group; there were no other differences regarding intervention. The detection rate of congenital anomalies was 56%, with no significant difference between the groups.ConclusionsRoutine use of third‐trimester routine ultrasound increased detection rates of small‐for‐gestational‐age and large‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses. This did not alter perinatal outcomes. Third‐trimester ultrasound screening should not be rejected before a policy of adding Doppler surveillance to the high‐risk group identified has been investigated further.
Long‐term anti‐FVIII antibody response in Bethesda‐negative haemophilia A patients receiving continuous replacement therapy
Authors: Klintman Jenny , Hillarp Andreas , Berntorp Erik , Astermark Jan 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIt has previously been shown that patients with haemophilia A may develop non‐neutralizing anti‐factor VIII (FVIII) antibodies (NNA) that escape detection by the Bethesda assay, but are detected using immune‐based assays. We and others found NNAs to be directed not only towards non‐functional parts of the protein, but towards all regions of the FVIII protein. We also showed a heterogeneous antibody response towards different FVIII products. However, the clinical relevance and the natural history of NNA remain unclear. Therefore, we followed a cohort of unrelated subjects with haemophilia A for 4 years with the goal of exploring the long‐term development of NNA using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ten of 78 subjects (12·8%) exhibited an immune response that was transient and heterogeneous, and none of the subjects developed an FVIII inhibitor. The result of the ELISA was examined in relation to clinical variables and no significant associations between a positive ELISA and age, F8 mutation, port‐à‐cath implantation and HCV infection were shown. Interestingly, patients with NNA had significantly fewer bleeding episodes (P = 0·048) compared with NNA‐negative subjects. The results indicate that the immune response to FVIII products within an individual may vary over time. However, the clinical impact of NNA remains unclear.
The role of dopamine D2, but not D3 or D4, receptor subtypes, in quinpirole‐induced inhibition of the cardioaccelerator sympathetic outflow in pithed rats
Authors: Altamirano‐Espinoza A H , González‐Hernández A , Manrique‐Maldonado G , Marichal‐Cancino B A , Ruiz‐Salinas I , Villalón C M 
Published: August 2013

Background and PurposeQuinpirole (a dopamine D2‐like receptor agonist) inhibits the cardioaccelerator sympathetic outflow in pithed rats by sympathoinhibitory D2‐like receptors. The present study was designed to identify pharmacologically the specific D2‐like receptor subtypes (i.e. D2, D3 and D4) involved in this sympathoinhibition by quinpirole.Experimental ApproachOne hundred fourteen male Wistar rats were pithed, artificially ventilated with room air and prepared for either preganglionic spinal (C7‐T1) stimulation of the cardioaccelerator sympathetic outflow (n = 102) or i.v. bolus injections of exogenous noradrenaline (n = 12). This approach resulted in frequency‐dependent and dose‐dependent tachycardic responses, respectively, as previously reported by our group.Key ResultsI.v. continuous infusions of quinpirole (0.1–10 μg kg−1 min−1), but not of saline (0.02 mL min−1), dose‐dependently inhibited the sympathetically induced tachycardic responses. Moreover, the cardiac sympathoinhibition induced by 3 μg kg−1 min−1 quinpirole (which failed to affect the tachycardic responses to i.v. noradrenaline) was: (i) unchanged after i.v. injections of the antagonists SB‐277011‐A (D3; 100–300 μg kg−1) or L‐745,870 (D4; 30–100 μg kg−1); and (ii) markedly blocked and abolished by, respectively, 100 and 300 μg kg−1 of the D2 preferring receptor subtype antagonist L‐741,626. These doses of antagonists, which did not affect per se the sympathetically induced tachycardic responses, were high enough to completely block their respective receptors.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe cardiac sympathoinhibition induced by 3 μg kg−1 min−1 quinpirole involves the dopamine D2 receptor subtype, with no evidence for the involvement of the D3 or D4 subtypes. This provides new evidence for understanding the modulation of the cardioaccelerator sympathetic outflow.
Public Debt and Price Stability
Authors: Christian von Weizsäcker Carl 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Modernized Austrian capital theory implies: in capital market equilibrium without public debt the average period of production equals the average waiting period of households. In the twenty-first century and for the OECD plus China area, demographic and production parameters are such that capital market equilibrium implies a negative real rate of interest. Price stability implies a non-negative real rate of interest. Prosperity requires capital market equilibrium. Thus, positive public debt is required for price stability under conditions of prosperity. Some conclusions are drawn for actual international macropolicy.
Detecting signs of dysphagia in patients with Alzheimer's disease with oral feeding in daily life
Authors: Sato Emiko , Hirano Hirohiko , Watanabe Yutaka , Edahiro Ayako , Sato Kazumichi , Yamane Genyuki , Katakura Akira 
Published: August 2013

AimIt is important to understand dysphagia in patients with dementia, as it is associated with malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia. Particularly in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mortality from pneumonia is high and accounts for 70% of the causes of death. However, the standard swallowing tests are often difficult to use for patients with dementia, and methods to assess daily swallowing function are required. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to identify signs of dysphagia in AD patients in daily life.MethodsA total of 155 AD patients underwent evaluation of their swallowing function (modified water swallowing test), oral status (residual teeth, occlusal contacts), oral functions (lips function, tongue function, rinsing and gargling ability), vital functions (Barthel Index, Vitality Index), nutritional status (serum albumin, body mass index), cognitive function and neurological signs (Mini‐Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating, limb contractures), and diet‐related assessments (storing food in the mouth, stuffing food into the mouth, appetite, caloric intake).ResultsThe severity of AD was significantly associated with swallowing function (P < 0.001). According to logistic regression analysis, the factor most significantly associated with dysphagia was “rinsing ability” (P = 0.001, odds ratio 4.8, 95% confidence interval 1.9–12.1).ConclusionThe factors that affect swallowing function in AD patients were examined. The swallowing function of severe AD patients was poor, and an association between AD and dysphagia was shown. Defective rinsing ability was identified as a risk factor for dysphagia. Therefore, observation of daily rinsing ability appears to be useful to identify signs of dysphagia in AD patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 549–555.
Effects of Rho‐kinase inhibition on myosin light chain phosphorylation and obstruction‐induced detrusor overactivity
Authors: Marx James O , Basha Maureen E , Mohanan Sunish , Hypolite Joseph A , Chang Shaohua , Wein Alan J , Zderic Stephen A , Laping Nicholas J , Chacko Samuel 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo study the relationship between myosin light chain phosphorylation of the detrusor muscle and spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in a rabbit model of partial outlet obstruction.MethodsNew Zealand white rabbit urinary bladders were partially obstructed for 2 weeks. Rabbits were euthanized, detrusor muscle strips were hung on a force transducer and spontaneous activity was measured at varying concentrations (0–0.03 μM/L) of the Rho‐kinase inhibitors GSK 576371 or 0.01 μM/L Y27632. Basal myosin light chain phosphorylation was measured by 2‐D gel electrophoresis in control and GSK 576371‐treated strips.ResultsBoth drugs suppressed the force of spontaneous contractions, whereas GSK 576371 had a more profound effect on the frequency of the contractions. The IC50 values for the inhibition of frequency and force of spontaneous contractions were 0.17 μM/L and 0.023 μM/L for GSK 576371, respectively. The compound significantly decreased the basal myosin light chain phosphorylation from 28.0 ± 3.9% to 13.5 ± 1.9% (P < 0.05). At 0.01 μM/L, GSK 576371 inhibited spontaneous bladder overactivity by 50%, but inhibited carbachol‐elicited contractions force by just 25%.ConclusionsThese data suggest that Rho‐kinase regulation of myosin light chain phosphorylation contributes to the spontaneous detrusor activity induced by obstruction. This finding could have therapeutic implications by providing another therapeutic option for myogenic, overactive bladder.
Survival after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A population‐based competing‐risks analysis
Authors: Gandaglia Giorgio , Bianchi Marco , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Becker Andreas , Larouche Alexandre , Abdollah Firas , Roghmann Florian , Tian Zhe , Shariat Shahrokh F , Briganti Alberto , Montorsi Francesco , Karakiewicz Pierre I , Sun Maxine 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo examine the rates of cancer‐specific mortality, other‐cause and bladder cancer mortality in patients with upper‐tract urothelial carcinoma undergoing radical nephroureterectomy.MethodsRelying on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 9899 patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy were identified. A 20‐strata graphical aid was constructed using age (<60, 60–69, 70–79, >79 years) and American Joint Committee on Cancer/TNM stage (pT1N0/x, pT2N0/x, pT3N0/x, pT4N0/x, pTanypN1–3) as stratifying variables. The 5‐year cancer‐specific mortality, other‐cause and bladder cancer mortality rates were generated through competing‐risks Poisson regression methodologies. Multivariable competing‐risks regression models were used to test the effect of age and stage on three different end‐points: cancer‐specific mortality, other‐cause and bladder cancer mortality.ResultsOverall, 1797 (18.1%), 891 (9.1%) and 3090 (31.2%) patients died of cancer‐specific mortality, other‐cause and bladder cancer mortality, respectively. Following stratification according to age and stage, the proportion of patients who succumbed to cancer‐specific mortality (11.7–21.9%) and other‐cause mortality (8.9–30.4%) increased with age. In contrast, with increasing stage, the proportion of patients who died of cancer‐specific mortality increased (7.2–37.5%), whereas the proportion of other‐cause mortality remained stable (18.9–22.0%). The rate of bladder cancer mortality increased with advancing stage. At multivariable competing‐risk regression model, besides age and stage, women, type of surgery, grade and location were associated with higher cancer‐specific mortality. Furthermore, ureteral location, stage and grade were associated with bladder cancer mortality.ConclusionsThe developed graphical aid for prediction of cancer‐specific mortality, other‐cause, and bladder cancer mortality according to age and stage in patients with upper‐tract urothelial carcinoma undergoing radical nephroureterectomy can be useful for physicians and patients during clinical counseling.
Turkish Capitalist Modernity and the Gezi Revolt
Authors: Öncü Ahmet 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper an attempt is made to reassess how and why the laic/Islamic dual opposition has come to be a decisive factor in the politics of Turkish capitalist modernity. The question as to whether this opposition may survive into the twenty‐first century is briefly discussed. It is noted that in the aftermath of the prolonged confrontation between the emergent imagined community of the Gezi Revolt and the Islamist AKP government, a religiously neutral political identity came into sight in public life, which can be considered as the harbinger of a new kind of social individuality, one which is incommensurate with the laic/Islamic dual opposition.
A taxonomic revision of westernEupholidopterabush crickets (Orthoptera:Tettigoniidae): testing the discrimination power ofDNAbarcode
Authors: ALLEGRUCCI GIULIANA , MASSA BRUNO , TRASATTI ALESSANDRA , SBORDONI VALERIO 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe genusEupholidopteraincludes 46Mediterranean species distributed fromTurkey toGreece,Italy and southernFrance. In the eastern part of its range,Eupholidopterahas been considered to consist of several distinct species, while in theBalkans andItalian peninsula onlyE. chabrierihas been recognized. However, the status of someItalian populations, confined to particular geographic areas, remains uncertain. To investigate the delimitation of theItalian taxa ofEupholidoptera, we performed both morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological analysis was carried out by considering diagnostic characters usually used to distinguish different taxa, such as the shape of titillators in males and the subgenital plate in females. Molecular analysis was performed by sequencing three mitochondrial genes:12SrRNA,16SrRNA, partially sequenced and the entire gene ofcox1. Molecular markers were used to infer phylogenetic relationships among theItalianEupholidopteraspecies and to reconstruct the historical processes that shaped their current geographic distribution. Results from both morphological and molecular analyses were used to revise the taxonomic arrangement of species. On the whole we were able to distinguish nine lineages ofItalianEupholidoptera, of whichE. tyrrhenicasp.n.fromCorsica is described as a new species.This published work has been registered in ZooBank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EBD181A0-5263-4880-AC80-66F624506E3A.
Good and Bad Idealizations in Political Theory
Authors: Uberti Luca Jacopo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article criticizes Laura Valentini's criterion for distinguishing good and bad idealizations in normative political theory. I argue that, on an attentive reading of her criterion, all ideal theories she discusses must be written off as incorporating bad idealizations. This fact makes Valentini's criterion trivially implausible, for it is argued that there are good idealizations that succeed in promoting the action‐guiding goal of ideal theory. Upon rejecting an attempt to salvage the idealizations that Valentini marks off as bad, I develop an alternative criterion for demarcating good and bad idealizations. The criterion holds that the standing of a theory's idealized assumptions depends on whether the stipulated idealizations can be feasibly realized in the non‐ideal world, and thus on whether the principles that the theory generates can be made relevant for real‐world practice. I also claim that the feasibility criterion better reflects the function of idealization in promoting action‐guidance. Unlike Valentini's criterion, the feasibility criterion yields the result that Rawls' theories of domestic and international justice both incorporate bad idealizations.