bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of an intervention with drinking chamomile tea on sleep quality and depression in sleep disturbed postnatal women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chang Shao‐Min , Chen Chung‐Hey 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of chamomile tea on sleep quality, fatigue and depression in postpartum women.BackgroundSleep quality is a significant issue for postnatal women. Chamomile is widely used as a folk remedy for its presumed sedative‐hypnotic effects.DesignA pretest–post‐test randomized controlled trial was used.MethodsA total of 80 Taiwanese postnatal women with poor sleep quality (Postpartum Sleep Quality Scale; PSQS score ≧16) were recruited from November 2012‐August 2013. They were systematically assigned, with a random start, to either the experimental group (n = 40) or the control group (n = 40). The participants in the experimental group were instructed to drink chamomile tea for a period of 2 weeks. The participants in the control group received regular postpartum care only. The PSQS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and Postpartum Fatigue Scale were used to assess outcomes. Two‐sample t‐tests were used to examine the mean differences in outcome variables between the two groups.ResultsCompared with the control group, the experimental group demonstrated significantly lower scores of physical‐symptoms‐related sleep inefficiency (t = −2·482, P = 0·015) and the symptoms of depression (t = −2·372, P = 0·020). However, the scores for all three instruments were similar for both groups at 4‐week post‐test, suggesting that the positive effects of chamomile tea were limited to the immediate term.ConclusionChamomile tea may be recommended to postpartum women as a supplementary approach to alleviating depression and sleep quality problems.
Lateral Flow Assay–Based Rapid Detection of Cephalexin in Milk
Authors: Lata Kiran , Sharma Rajan , Naik Laxmana , Rajput Yudhishthir Singh , Mann Bimlesh 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA rapid and semiquantitative lateral flow assay has been developed for detection of cephalexin (CFX) in milk. The assay is based on a competitive format using polyclonal antibodies. Antibodies were raised in rabbits against CFX‐keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The specificity of antibodies was ascertained by direct enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The laboratory prepared gold nanoparticles coupled to anti‐CFX antibodies, which competed for free CFX in sample and CFX–bovine serum albumin conjugate on the test line of a lateral flow strip. The control line of the lateral flow strip consisted of species‐specific antibody. The assay was validated with spiked milk samples and involved application of skim milk to the adsorbent pad followed by visualization of red color on test and control lines within 8 min. The lower detection limit of CFX was 30 ppb in milk, which is lower than the Codex prescribed maximum residue limit. The storage stability of the prepared strip was also established.Practical ApplicationsA simple method for the detection of cephalexin in milk using lateral flow assay has been described. The applicability of polyclonal antibodies in the development of lateral flow assay has been demonstrated. The method is sensitive to detect 30 ppb cephalexin in milk, which is lower than the Codex prescribed maximum residue limit of 100 ppb. This method can be used for preliminary screening of milk samples for the presence of cephalexin residues in milk.
In vivo imaging of porcine gastric enteric nervous system using confocal laser endomicroscopy &molecular neuronal probe
Authors: Samarasena Jason B. , Ahluwalia Amrita , Shinoura Susumu , Choi Kee Don , Lee John G. , Chang Kenneth J. , Tarnawski Andrzej S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:The gastric enteric nervous system (GENS) is organized into the submucosal plexus and the myenteric plexus that regulate muscle activity and mucosal functions, respectively. A non‐invasive, in vivo visualization of GENS was not possible until recent introduction of needle‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE). Our aim was to determine the feasibility of in vivo visualization of GENS in the porcine stomach using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided nCLE and local injection of molecular neuronal probe NeuroTrace.Methods:In anesthetized pigs during endoscopy, NeuroTrace was injected into the submucosa and muscularis propria of distal, and proximal stomach under EUS guidance and nCLE imaging was performed using the Cellvizio AQ Flex probe. After euthanasia, transmural gastric specimens from the areas of NeuroTrace injection were obtained for histology. We performed quantitative analysis of nCLE images recorded during in vivo studies: histologic evaluation of unstained specimens under fluorescence microscope for NeuroTrace localization. We also performed immunostaining of these specimens for nerve growth factor (NGF). In in vitro studies, we examined the uptake of NeuroTrace by glial cells.Results:The nCLE imaging successfully visualized neuronal cells and nerve fibers in distinctive image patterns. Fluorescence microscopy of mucosal sections showed that in vivo‐injected NeuroTrace was retained in GENS components. NGF was strongly expressed in neural and glial cells, and the pattern of NGF staining was similar to that of NeuroTrace staining.Conclusions:This study demonstrates for the first time that combined use of EUS‐guided nCLE and NeuroTrace is capable to visualize GENS.
Self‐Reported Hearing Loss, Hearing Aids, and Cognitive Decline in Elderly Adults: A 25‐Year Study
Authors: Amieva Hélène , Ouvrard Camille , Giulioli Caroline , Meillon Céline , Rullier Laetitia , Dartigues Jean‐François 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between hearing loss, hearing aid use, and cognitive decline.DesignProspective population‐based study.SettingData gathered from the Personnes Agées QUID study, a cohort study begun in 1989–90.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older (N = 3,670).MeasurementsAt baseline, hearing loss was determined using a questionnaire assessing self‐perceived hearing loss; 137 subjects reported major hearing loss, 1,139 reported moderate problems (difficulty following the conversation when several persons talk at the same time or in a noisy background), and 2,394 reported no hearing trouble. Cognitive decline was measured using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), administered at follow‐up visits over 25 years.ResultsSelf‐reported hearing loss was significantly associated with lower baseline MMSE score (β = −0.69, P < .001) and greater decline during the 25‐year follow‐up period (β = −0.04, P = .01) independent of age, sex, and education. A difference in the rate of change in MMSE score over the 25‐year follow‐up was observed between participants with hearing loss not using hearing aids and controls (β = −0.06, P < .001). In contrast, subjects with hearing loss using a hearing aid had no difference in cognitive decline (β = 0.07, P = .08) from controls.ConclusionSelf‐reported hearing loss is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in older adults; hearing aid use attenuates such decline.
Industrial Symbiosis Centered on a Regional Cogeneration Power Plant Utilizing Available Local Resources: A Case Study of Tanegashima
Authors: Kikuchi Yasunori , Kanematsu Yuichiro , Ugo Masamichi , Hamada Yosuke , Okubo Tatsuya 
Published: October 2015

SummaryPlant‐derived renewable resources have the potential to enable the simultaneous generation of high‐value‐added products, such as foods, with energy, such as electricity and thermal power. Much of the heat cogenerated from renewables in power plants has been discarded because of the geographical and temporal gaps in heat supply and demand. In this study, we aim to devise an effective industrial symbiosis (IS) for a regional combined heating and power (CHP) plant utilizing local renewable resources. For the actual region of IS, the island of Tanegashima in Japan was adopted, where sugarcane is planted as a base industry. Through a thermodynamic analysis of the energy flows in a sugar mill, it was demonstrated that large amounts of heat were discarded from the sugar mill, even though the quality of heat was high enough for power generation or other energy demand. This is partly because some of the renewables have been regarded as wastes in the production of foods or other high‐value‐added products. At the same time, scenarios were defined and analyzed on the integrated use of locally available lignocellulosic biomass to increase the operation ratio of an existing bagasse‐based CHP system. Through both periods with and without sugar production, additional heat and power can be made available by decreasing the energy loss and through IS.
Economic Integration in Tanzania (1970–2011): A Biophysical Assessment
Authors: Frame Mariko L. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis article assesses the impact of economic integration on Tanzania's sociometabolic profile for the years 1970–2011, which witnessed an opening and further integration of Tanzania's economy through increased trade and foreign investment, through a time‐series economy‐wide material flows analysis (EW‐MFA). The EW‐MFA results show that contrary to the trade patterns of many developing countries, increased economic integration has resulted in Tanzania becoming a net importer of resources across all material categories when measured by the physical trade balance indicator. Additionally, the article discusses the conceptual and empirical challenges of measuring ecologically unequal exchange with EW‐MFAs for developing countries whose export profiles are dominated by lightweight, high‐value precious stones and metals. It also assesses the degree to which the Tanzanian economy has undergone dematerialization over the past 40 years of economic integration.
Modulation of GABA release from the thalamic reticular nucleus by cocaine and caffeine: role of serotonin receptors
Authors: Goitia Belén , Rivero‐Echeto María Celeste , Weisstaub Noelia V. , Gingrich Jay A. , Garcia‐Rill Edgar , Bisagno Verónica , Urbano Francisco J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSerotonin receptors are targets of drug therapies for a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Cocaine inhibits the re‐uptake of serotonin (5‐HT), dopamine, and noradrenaline, whereas caffeine blocks adenosine receptors and opens ryanodine receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum. We studied how 5‐HT and adenosine affected spontaneous GABAergic transmission from thalamic reticular nucleus. We combined whole‐cell patch clamp recordings of miniature inhibitory post‐synaptic currents (mIPSCs) in ventrobasal thalamic neurons during local (puff) application of 5‐HT in wild type (WT) or knockout mice lacking 5‐HT2A receptors (5‐HT2A−/−). Inhibition of mIPSCs frequency by low (10 μM) and high (100 μM) 5‐HT concentrations was observed in ventrobasal neurons from 5‐HT2A−/− mice. In WT mice, only 100 μM 5‐HT significantly reduced mIPSCs frequency. In 5‐HT2A−/− mice, NAN‐190, a specific 5‐HT1A antagonist, prevented the 100 μM 5‐HT inhibition while blocking H‐currents that prolonged inhibition during post‐puff periods. The inhibitory effects of 100 μM 5‐HT were enhanced in cocaine binge‐treated 5‐HT2A−/− mice. Caffeine binge treatment did not affect 5‐HT‐mediated inhibition. Our findings suggest that both 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT2A receptors are present in pre‐synaptic thalamic reticular nucleus terminals. Serotonergic‐mediated inhibition of GABA release could underlie aberrant thalamocortical physiology described after repetitive consumption of cocaine.
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Our findings suggest that both 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT2A and A1 receptors are present in pre‐synaptic TRN terminals. 5‐HT1A and A1 receptors would down‐regulate adenylate cyclase, whereas 5‐HT1A would also increase the probability of the opening of G‐protein‐activated inwardly rectifying K+ channels (GIRK). Sustained opening of GIRK channels would hyperpolarize pre‐synaptic terminals activating H‐currents, resulting in less GABA release. 5‐HT2A‐would activate PLC and IP3, increasing intracellular [Ca2+] and thus facilitating GABA release.
Glial fibrillar acidic protein in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Ishiki Aiko , Kamada Maki , Kawamura Yuki , Terao Chiaki , Shimoda Fumiko , Tomita Naoki , Arai Hiroyuki , Furukawa Katsutoshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBiomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are currently regarded as indispensable indicators for accurate differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders. Although high levels of astrocyte‐secreted glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) in the CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been reported, the levels of GFAP in the CSF have not been fully investigated in other neurological disorders that cause dementia, such as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). In this study, we determined the levels of GFAP in the CSF of healthy control subjects and AD, DLB, and FTLD patients to address two questions: (i) Do the levels of GFAP differ among these disorders? and (ii) Can GFAP be used as a biomarker for the differential diagnosis of these neurodegenerative disorders? The levels of GFAP in AD, DLB, and FTLD patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy control subjects. Although the levels of GFAP were not significantly different between AD and DLB patients, a higher level of GFAP was observed in FTLD patients than in AD and DLB patients. It is concluded that representative neurological disorders causing dementia were associated with higher levels of GFAP in the CSF.
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We propose the following mechanism concerning the amount of glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). The increase in the release of GFAP into CSF is considered to reflect the sum of degeneration of astrocytes and astrocytosis. The sum of degeneration and astrocytosis or the GFAP release could be in the order of FTLD > DLB > AD > normal condition.
Regulation of neuronal migration, an emerging topic in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Reiner Orly , Karzbrun Eyal , Kshirsagar Aditya , Kaibuchi Kozo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) encompass a group of neurodevelopmental diseases that demonstrate strong heritability, however, the inheritance is not simple and many genes have been associated with these disorders. ASD is regarded as a neurodevelopmental disorder, and abnormalities at different developmental stages are part of the disease etiology. This review provides a general background on neuronal migration during brain development and discusses recent advancements in the field connecting ASD and aberrant neuronal migration.
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We propose that neuronal migration impairment may be an important common pathophysiology in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This review provides a general background on neuronal migration during brain development and discusses recent advancements in the field connecting ASD and aberrant neuronal migration.
Impaired perception of sincerity after severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: McDonald Skye , Fisher Alana , Flanagan Sharon , Honan Cynthia A. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundPeople with a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often experience problems understanding non‐literal utterances such as sarcasm and lies in dyadic exchanges. This study aimed to investigate whether these problems extend to settings where speakers vary in their degree of sincerity and whether such problems are associated with deficits in social cognitive abilities (emotion perception, theory of mind, and self‐reported empathy) or cognitive abilities (abstract reasoning, working memory, processing speed, attentional switching).MethodsThirty‐one adults with severe TBI (24 males) and 25 demographically matched controls (20 males) participated. They watched video vignettes depicting four actors volunteering for additional duties. Each speaker made a limited verbal response which literally suggested a willingness to be involved, but the sincerity with which the response was made was tempered by the actor's emotional demeanour. Participants rated each speaker in the vignettes for degree of sincerity (0–100%). Standardized measures of cognitive and social cognitive function were also taken.ResultsControl participants had excellent agreement (α = .90) in their rankings of actors according to sincerity. TBI participants were less consistent (α = .65). Overall, they were sensitive to decreasing sincerity but generally less accurate than control participants. They were poorer at differentiating between levels of sincerity and rated insincere expressions as more sincere, although they rated sincere expressions similarly. Poorer working memory and poorer social cognition were associated with poorer sincerity/sarcasm detection in the participants with TBI, but only social cognition was uniquely associated.ConclusionsSome adults with TBI have difficulty assessing the level of sincerity of speakers. Moreover, poorer social cognition abilities are associated with this difficulty.
Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Porcelain‐Resin Bond Strength
Authors: Yavuz Tevfik , Özyılmaz Özgün Yusuf , Dilber Erhan , Tobi Elif Sümeyye , Kiliç Hamdi Şükür 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various surface treatments on the surface structure and shear bond strength (SBS) of different ceramics.Materials and MethodsA total of 192 disk‐shaped cores were prepared using two all‐ceramic systems, of which 168 were submitted to SBS tests, and 24 were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The ceramics used were IPS Empress e.max (EX) lithium glass‐ceramic and Vita In‐Ceram Zirconia glass‐infiltrated zirconia (ICZ). The specimens were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 12) on the basis of the surface treatment used: control; SB—sandblasting with 50 μm Al2O3particles; CJ—chairside silica coating with 30 μm SiO2particles and silanization (Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator); HF—etching in 5% hydrofluoric acid and silanization; ER—etching with an Er:YAG laser (10 W); ND—Nd:YAG laser etching (0.8 W); and FS—etching with a femtosecond laser (860 mW). A luting cement (Clearfil Esthetic) was photopolymerized on each treated ceramic disk. After subjecting the specimens to thermocycling (1000 cycles, 5°C to 55°C), SBS tests were performed using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed with two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's tests using a significance limit of 5%.ResultsAmong the EX ceramics, the CJ (29.10 MPa) and HF (26.07 MPa) specimens had statistically higher SBS values. For the ICZ ceramics, the highest value (28.08 MPa) was obtained for the CJ specimens.ConclusionsSilanization after coating with silica improves the bond strengths of both EX and ICZ specimens, while HF etching is favorable only for the EX specimens.
Followership, deity and leadership
Authors: Popper Micha 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo questions are addressed in this article: 1. Why are people attracted to leaders? 2. How are leaders' images construed? The first question is analyzed by using the concept of “deity” as a frame of reference for an “ideal model” of leadership. God as a “screen of projections” can satisfy the believer's fundamental needs and desires, as well as serving as a reference for causal attributions and a provider of transcendental meaning.Using Construal Level Theory (CLT) (Libermann & Trope, 1998), deity, as a frame of reference, also facilitates analysis of the second question. This analysis explains universal principles underlying the leadership construal, and the psychological principles and culture‐bound processes relevant to construing different images of leadership in different collectives.
Alkaline phosphatase predicts response in polycystic liver disease during somatostatin analogue therapy: a pooled analysis
Authors: Gevers Tom J.G. , Nevens Frederik , Torres Vicente E. , Hogan Marie C. , Drenth Joost P.H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsSomatostatin analogues reduce liver volumes in polycystic liver disease. However, patients show considerable variability in treatment responses. Our aim was to identify specific patient, disease or treatment characteristics that predict response in polycystic liver disease during somatostatin analogue therapy.MethodsWe pooled the individual patient data of four trials that evaluated long‐acting somatostatin analogues (120 mg lanreotide or 40 mg octreotide) for 6–12 months in polycystic liver disease patients. We performed uni‐ and multivariate linear regression analysis with preselected patient, disease and drug variables to identify independent predictors of response, defined as per cent change in liver or kidney volume (in ADPKD subgroup). All analyses were adjusted for baseline liver volume and centre.ResultsWe included 153 polycystic liver disease patients (86% female, median liver volume 4974 ml) from three international centres, all treated with octreotide (n = 70) or lanreotide (n = 83). Mean reduction in liver volume was 4.4% (range −31.6 to +9.4%). Multivariate linear regression revealed that elevated baseline alkaline phosphatase was associated with increased liver volume reduction during therapy (−2.7%, 95% CI −5.1 to −0.2%, P = 0.04), independently of baseline liver volume. Somatostatin analogue type, underlying diagnosis and eGFR did not affect response. In our ADPKD subpopulation (n = 100), elevated alkaline phosphatase predicted liver volume reduction (−3.2%, P = 0.03) but did not predict kidney volume reduction (+0.1%, P = 0.97). Total gastro‐intestinal symptom severity decreased with therapy in a subgroup analysis (n = 95; P < 0.001).ConclusionAlkaline phosphatase is a liver‐specific, independent predictor of response in polycystic liver disease during somatostatin analogue therapy.
Linguistics in a Science Museum: Integrating Research, Teaching, and Outreach at the Language Sciences Research Lab
Authors: Wagner Laura , Speer Shari R. , Moore Leslie C. , McCullough Elizabeth A. , Ito Kiwako , Clopper Cynthia G. , Campbell‐Kibler Kathryn 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe describe the mission and practices of the Language Sciences Research Lab, a fully functional research lab embedded within a science museum. Within this environment, we integrate cutting‐edge research, formal instruction, informal learning, and outreach to the public so that our work in each domain interacts with and enriches the others. We are guided by core concepts from the field of informal science education, and we strive to inspire excitement and expand both scholarly and public knowledge about the language sciences.