bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postpartum breast involution reveals regression of secretory lobules mediated by tissue-remodeling
Authors: Jindal Sonali , Gao Dexiang , Bell Pat , Albrektsen Grethe , Edgerton Susan M , Ambrosone Christine B , Thor Ann D , Borges Virginia F , Schedin Pepper 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Introduction
A postpartum diagnosis of breast cancer is an independent predictor of metastases, however the reason is unknown. In rodents, the window of postpartum mammary gland involution promotes tumor progression, suggesting a role for breast involution in the poor prognosis of human postpartum breast cancers. Rodent mammary gland involution is characterized by the programmed elimination of the secretory lobules laid down in preparation for lactation. This tissue involution process involves massive epithelial cell death, stromal remodeling, and immune cell infiltration with similarities to microenvironments present during wound healing and tumor progression. Here, we characterize breast tissue from premenopausal women with known reproductive histories to determine the extent, duration and cellular mechanisms of postpartum lobular involution in women.

Methods
Adjacent normal breast tissues from premenopausal women (n = 183) aged 20 to 45 years, grouped by reproductive categories of nulliparous, pregnant and lactating, and by time since last delivery were evaluated histologically and by special stain for lobular area, lobular type composition, apoptosis and immune cell infiltration using computer assisted quantitative methods.

Results
Human nulliparous glands were composed dominantly of small (approximately 10 acini per lobule) and medium (approximately 35 acini per lobule) sized lobules. With pregnancy and lactation, a >10 fold increase in breast epithelial area was observed compared to nulliparous cases, and lactating glands were dominated by mature lobules (>100 acini per lobule) with secretory morphology. Significant losses in mammary epithelial area and mature lobule phenotypes were observed within 12 months postpartum. By 18 months postpartum, lobular area content and lobule composition were indistinguishable from nulliparous cases, data consistent with postpartum involution facilitating regression of the secretory lobules developed in preparation for lactation. Analyses of apoptosis and immune cell infiltrate confirmed that human postpartum breast involution is characterized by wound healing-like tissue remodeling programs that occur within a narrowed time frame.

Conclusions
Human postpartum breast involution is a dominant tissue-remodeling process that returns the total lobular area of the gland to a level essentially indistinguishable from the nulliparous gland. Further research is warranted to determine whether the normal physiologic process of postpartum involution contributes to the poor prognosis of postpartum breast cancer.
Properties of a non-bioactive fluorescent derivative of differentiation-inducing factor-3, an anti-tumor agent found in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Kubohara Yuzuru , Kikuchi Haruhisa , Matsuo Yusuke , Oshima Yoshiteru , Homma Yoshimi 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Differentiation-inducing factor-3 (DIF-3), found in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, and its derivatives, such as butoxy-DIF-3 (Bu-DIF-3), are potent anti-tumor agents. To investigate the activity of DIF-like molecules in tumor cells, we recently synthesized a green fluorescent DIF-3 derivative, BODIPY-DIF-3G, and analyzed its bioactivity and cellular localization. In this study, we synthesized a red (orange) fluorescent DIF-3 derivative, BODIPY-DIF-3R, and compared the cellular localization and bioactivities of the two BODIPY-DIF-3s in HeLa human cervical cancer cells. Both fluorescent compounds penetrated the extracellular membrane within 0.5 h and localized mainly to the mitochondria. In formalin-fixed cells, the two BODIPY-DIF-3s also localized to the mitochondria, indicating that the BODIPY-DIF-3s were incorporated into mitochondria independently of the mitochondrial membrane potential. After treatment for 3 days, BODIPY-DIF-3G, but not BODIPY-DIF-3R, induced mitochondrial swelling and suppressed cell proliferation. Interestingly, the swollen mitochondria were stainable with BODIPY-DIF-3G but not with BODIPY-DIF-3R. When added to isolated mitochondria in vitro, BODIPY-DIF-3G increased dose-dependently the rate of O2 consumption, but BODIPY-DIF-3R did not. These results suggest that the bioactive BODIPY-DIF-3G suppresses cell proliferation, at least in part, by altering mitochondrial activity, whereas the non-bioactive BODIPY-DIF-3R localizes to the mitochondria but does not affect mitochondrial activity or cell proliferation.
Royal jelly-like protein localization reveals differences in hypopharyngeal glands buildup and conserved expression pattern in brains of bumblebees and honeybees
Authors: Albert Štefan , Spaethe Johannes , Grübel Kornelia , Rössler Wolfgang 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) of the honeybee bear several open questions. One of them is their expression in tissues other than the hypopharyngeal glands (HGs), the site of royal jelly production. The sole MRJP-like gene of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (BtRJPL), represents a pre-diversification stage of the MRJP gene evolution in bees. Here we investigate the expression of BtRJPL in the HGs and the brain of bumblebees. Comparison of the HGs of bumblebees and honeybees revealed striking differences in their morphology with respect to sex- and caste-specific appearance, number of cells per acinus, and filamentous actin (F-actin) rings. At the cellular level, we found a temporary F-actin-covered meshwork in the secretory cells, which suggests a role for actin in the biogenesis of the end apparatus in HGs. Using immunohistochemical localization, we show that BtRJPL is expressed in the bumblebee brain, predominantly in the Kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies, the site of sensory integration in insects, and in the optic lobes. Our data suggest that a dual gland-brain function preceded the multiplication of MRJPs in the honeybee lineage. In the course of the honeybee evolution, HGs dramatically changed their morphology in order to serve a food-producing function.
The chaperone domain BRICHOS prevents amyloid β-peptide CNS toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Hermansson Erik , Schultz Sebastian , Crowther Damian , Linse Sara , Winblad Bengt , Westermark Gunilla , Johansson Jan , Presto Jenny 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Aggregation of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) into toxic oligomers and amyloid fibrils is linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mutations of the BRICHOS domain are associated with amyloid disease and recent in vitro data show that BRICHOS efficiently delays Aβ42 oligomerization and fibril formation. We have generated transgenic Drosophila melanogaster flies that express the Aβ42 peptide and the BRICHOS domain in the CNS. Co-expression of Aβ42 and BRICHOS results in delayed Aβ42 aggregation and dramatic improvements of both lifespan and locomotor function compared to flies expressing Aβ42 alone. Moreover, BRICHOS increases the ratio of soluble/insoluble Aβ42 and binds to deposits of Aβ42 in the fly brain. Our results show that the BRICHOS domain efficiently reduces the neurotoxic effects of Aβ42 although significant Aβ42 aggregation is taking place. We propose that BRICHOS-based approaches may be explored towards future prevention and treatment of AD.
Simple Copper(II) Schiff Base Complex as Efficient Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton-like Catalyst
Authors: Fei Bao-Li , Wang Jiang-Hong , Yan Qing-Ling , Liu Qing-Bo , Long Jian-Ying , Li Yang-Guang , Shao Kui-Zhan , Su Zhong-Min , Sun Wei-Yin 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The efficient photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange was achieved by exploring two simple copper(II) Schiff base complexes [{Cu(HL)(CH3OH)}2] (1) and [Cu(HL)2] (2) (H2L = N-salicylidene-2-aminoethanol) as photo-Fenton-like catalysts. Both 1 and 2 exhibited excellent catalytic performance without an acidification process, and the mononuclear complex 2 functioned better than the dinuclear complex 1. The results suggest that 2 is advantageous for catalyzing efficient degradation of azo dye and has potential application in the effective treatment of dye-polluted water.
Electrochiroptical Response in Aqueous Media: 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene-9,10-diyl Dications with Michlar’s Hydrol Blue Chromophores Attached with Oligoethylene Glycol Units
Authors: Suzuki Takanori , Hanada Keisuke , Katoono Ryo , Ishigaki Yusuke , Higasa Sho , Higuchi Hiroki , Kikuchi Hirotsugu , Fujiwara Kenshu , Yamada Hidetoshi , Fukushima Takanori 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Upon electrochemical oxidation of configurationally stable biphenyl-based electron donors (Rax)-1a and -1b to butane-1,4-diyl dications (M)-2a2+ and -2b2+, drastic changes were induced not only in UV–vis but also in CD spectra. Because of the hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol units on the amino nitrogens, (Rax)-1b and (M)-2b2+ are soluble in water, thus realizing the electrochiroptical behavior not only in organic solvents but also in aqueous media.
Very Small Amounts of Carbon Nanotubes to Weaken Thixotropy of Polysaccharide Gels
Authors: Goda Takuro , Kurita Takashi , Mitsumata Tetsu , Sano Masahito 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Additions of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to κ-carrageenan gels weaken thixotropy. The minimum volume fraction of SWCNT to κ-carrageenan necessary to affect thixotropy is about 10−4. Confocal Raman microscopy reveals that SWCNTs are preferentially located close to the hole perimeter native to the gel network. This suggests that the destruction of network initiates at the hole perimeter. By locating at the critical region, only a small amount of SWCNTs is sufficient to resist initiating destruction.
Clinical significance of incidental findings on staging positron emission tomography for oesophagogastric malignancies
Authors: Adams HL , Jaunoo SS 
Published: March 2014

Introduction The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the clinical significance of incidental findings detected on positron emission tomography (PET) in patients undergoing staging of oesophagogastric malignancies. Methods Patients with oesophagogastric malignancies who underwent PET between June 2007 and May 2012 were included in the study. PET was performed according to hospital protocol. All imaging was interpreted by two consultant radiologists in nuclear medicine. Incidental findings that were unrelated to the primary malignancy were recorded and patients were recommended to have further investigations (imaging, endoscopy and biopsy). Results Overall, 333 patients (240 male, 93 female; mean age: 67 years) with upper gastrointestinal malignancies were eligible for inclusion in the study. Eighty-nine of these patients had PET demonstrating one or more incidental findings. Two patients were found to have a second primary malignancy. One patient had a distant metastasis of his primary cancer and six patients had a premalignant lesion. Conclusions In this study, incidental findings were discovered in 26.7% of patients with known oesophagogastric cancer. A second primary cancer or premalignant lesion was found in 8.4% of patients with incidental findings. Patients with these findings should be investigated to rule out further malignancy. There were a high proportion of false positive results in our study. It is recommended that each patient is considered on an individual basis and assessed with simultaneous PET and computed tomography.
Bone Mineral Density in Adults With Down Syndrome, Intellectual Disability, and Nondisabled Adults
Authors: Geijer Justin R. , Stanish Heidi I. , Draheim Christopher C. , Dengel Donald R. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) or Down syndrome (DS) may be at greater risk of osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) of DS, ID, and non–intellectually disabled (NID) populations. In each group, 33 participants between the ages of 28 and 60 years were compared. BMD was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. BMD (p &lt; .0001) between all groups was significantly different. Participants with DS had significantly lower BMD compared to NID participants. Individuals with ID had significantly lower BMD compared to NID subjects. Participants with DS had the lowest BMD of all groups. DS subjects display a greater risk for osteoporosis than ID subjects or control populations.
Children With Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Exhibit Impaired Spatial Working Memory
Authors: Wong Ling M. , Riggins Tracy , Harvey Danielle , Cabaral Margarita , Simon Tony J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Individuals with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) have been shown to have impairments in processing spatiotemporal information. The authors examined whether children with 22q11.2DS exhibit impairments in spatial working memory performance due to these weaknesses, even when controlling for maintenance of attention. Children with 22q11.2DS (n  =  47) and typically developing controls (n  =  49) ages 6–15 years saw images within a grid and after a delay, then indicated the positions of the images in the correct temporal order. Children with 22q11.2DS made more spatial and temporal errors than controls. Females with 22q11.2DS made more spatial and temporal errors than males. These results extend findings of impaired spatiotemporal processing into the memory domain in 22q11.2DS by documenting their influence on working memory performance.
Clinical Decision Making and Preference Assessment for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Virués-Ortega Javier , Pritchard Kristen , Grant Robin L. , North Sebastian , Hurtado-Parrado Camilo , Lee May S. H. , Temple Bev , Julio Flávia , Yu C. T. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities are able to reliably express their likes and dislikes through direct preference assessment. Preferred items tend to function as rewards and can therefore be used to facilitate the acquisition of new skills and promote task engagement. A number of preference assessment methods are available and selecting the appropriate method is crucial to provide reliable and meaningful results. The authors conducted a systematic review of the preference assessment literature, and developed an evidence-informed, decision-making model to guide practitioners in the selection of preference assessment methods for a given assessment scenario. The proposed decision-making model could be a useful tool to increase the usability and uptake of preference assessment methodology in applied settings.
Coping and Psychological Health of Aging Parents of Adult Children With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Piazza Vivian E. , Floyd Frank J. , Mailick Marsha R. , Greenberg Jan S. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Among aging parents (mean age  =  65, N  =  139) of adults with developmental disabilities, we examined the effectiveness of multiple forms of coping with caregiver burden. As expected, accommodative strategies of adapting to stress (secondary engagement), used frequently in later life, buffered the impact of caregiver burden, whereas disengagement and distraction strategies exacerbated the effects of burden on depression symptoms. Most effects were similar for mothers and fathers, and all coping strategies, including active strategies to reduce stress (primary engagement), had greater effects for the parents with co-resident children. Vulnerability to caregiver burden was greatest when the aging parents with co-resident children used disengagement and distraction coping, but those who used engagement coping were resilient.
Dual Method Use Among a Sample Of First‐Year College Women
Authors: Walsh Jennifer L. , Fielder Robyn L. , Carey Kate B. , Carey Michael P. 
Published: March 2014

ContextDual method use—using one protective method to reduce the risk of STDs and another to prevent pregnancy—is effective but understudied. No prior studies have employed an event‐level approach to examining characteristics associated with dual method use among college women.MethodsIn 12 consecutive monthly surveys conducted in 2009–2010, data on 1,843 vaginal intercourse events were collected from 296 first‐year college women. Women reported on their use of condoms and hormonal contraceptives during all events. Multilevel regression analysis was used to assess associations between event‐, month‐ and person‐level characteristics and hormonal use and dual method use.ResultsWomen used hormonal contraceptives during 53% of events and condoms during 63%. Dual method use was reported 28% of the time, and only 14% of participants were consistent users of dual methods. The likelihood of dual method use was elevated when sex partners were friends as opposed to romantic partners or ex‐boyfriends (odds ratios, 2.5–2.8), and among women who had received an STD diagnosis prior to college (coefficient, 2.9); it also increased with level of religiosity (0.8). Dual use was less likely when less reliable methods were used (odds ratio, 0.2) and when women reported more months of hormonal use (0.8), were older than 18 (coefficient, −4.7) and had had a greater number of partners before college (−0.3).ConclusionsA better understanding of the characteristics associated with dual method use may help in the design of potential intervention efforts.
Images for the Inner Eye: The Use of Visually Evocative Techniques in Radio
Authors: Micheti Anca 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Based on radio’s exclusive reliance on the particular material of sound and its flexibility as an interface, this article argues that the medium presents a great potential for cognitive participation, especially in terms of mental imagery. Several verbal and nonverbal techniques that utilize this potential are analyzed in a series of short documentaries co-produced by National Public Radio and the National Geographic Society. Through the use of linguistic means, such as vivid words, the present tense, metaphors and analogies, rhetorical devices, such as rhythmic patterns, repetitions, and alliterations, as well as the expressive qualities of voices and natural sounds, radio producers are able to evoke a rich, often synesthetic complex of mental images.
Pro-Ana Web Communities: An Amplification of Eating Disorders and Media on the Internet
Authors: Kaiser Suzanne L. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The recent proliferation of pro-ana websites, which promote the maintenance of eating disorders, may be fostered by the psychological traits of eating disorders, media bias toward thin female images and discourse of body dissatisfaction, and the characteristics of online communities. This article examines the roles these factors play in the rise of pro-ana websites themselves and the attitudes that they represent. An active, long-term recognition and critique of the thin ideology promoted by negative media images and taken to the extreme by pro-ana sites may stem the growth of pro-ana attitudes and body dissatisfaction among women in general.
Experimental Research on Cohesive Sediment Deposition and Consolidation Based on Settlement Column System
Authors: Zhang Fu-hai , Guo Shuai-jie , Wang Bao-tian 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Cohesive sediment suspension deposition and consolidation mechanisms are mainly related to weight settlement and nonlinear consolidation processes. With the sediment settlement and suspension interface rate attenuation curves, sediment suspension settlement can be divided into different stages. The excessive pore pressure, void ratio, and saturated bulk density in depth all have nonlinear distributions. Consequently, settlement simulation and deposited layer tests are key in cohesive sediment suspension deposition and consolidation studies. This paper also proposes a new settlement column system recording the sediment interface settlement curves, the interface rate attenuation process, the excessive pore pressure, and the physical property distributions in a deposited sediment layer. Results from this study indicate that the newly developed system can effectively simulate cohesive sediment suspension deposition and consolidation in accordance with nonlinear consolidation characteristics.
Dynamic Fracture Toughness of a Plain Weave Carbon-Epoxy Composite: Validation of Test Results with Finite Element Analyses
Authors: Martínez-Figueroa J. , Rubio-Gonzalez C. , Velasco-Reyes F. , Benseddiq N. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This document presents the Dynamic Fracture Toughness (KID) measurement for a plain weave carbon-epoxy composite material. An instrumented Hopkinson bar arrangement is used to perform the tests with pre-cracked specimens loaded on a three point bending configuration. The material behavior obtained by the experimental results is compared with Finite Element simulation of static and idealized Hopkinson bars events. A number of important aspects are approached. Among them, the Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) for fiber-epoxy composites considered as transversely isotropic media, the formulae to obtain this parameter compared with isotropic materials, and the precise follow of the SIF evolution during these events. The Finite Element Analyses (FEAs) suggest loss of contact phenomena not only in the transmitted but also with the incident bar, and according to this, a specimen FEA is used to verify the influence of this loss of contact in the SIF evolution and KID calculations. Accordingly, a novel approach using the incident pulse as input for a FEA of the complete arrangement including contact elements is proposed and implemented, so the new revealed phenomena are taken into account. The experimental results using this approach show that the dynamic fracture toughness varies from 15.45 to 25.6 MPa*m0.5 in the projectile speed range between 10 and 20 m/s.
New Equation for the Plastic Correction Factor η for J-Integral Determination from Test Results of Three-Point-Bend Specimens
Authors: Gintalas Marius , Ziliukas Antanas , Ainsworth Robert A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
When material yielding occurs, the stress intensity factor, K, no longer correctly characterizes the magnitude of the stress field around the crack tip. For significant amounts of yielding, the J-integral approach is applied as an advanced tool. In practice, for many engineering applications, the non-linear plasticity effects are of importance and therefore material behavior beyond yield needs an accurate description for input to tools for assessment. This work presents J-integral values of two different steel grades (1006 and 4340) using a newly developed analytical approach for the correction factors ηpl, which takes into account the elastic–plastic properties of the material. The evaluation approach is based on absorbed energies in a Charpy-sized specimen during the elastic and plastic deformation phases. Values of these energy terms were obtained via numerical simulation of 1006 and 4340 steel Charpy-sized specimens loaded in three-point-bending. This work highlights the effect of materials plastic properties on the J-integral. Different steel grades show different amounts of plasticity defined by the strain-hardening exponent and the strain-hardening constant and these influence the fracture parameters. Application of the plastic correction factor ηpl to Charpy-sized specimens, considering the respective plastic properties of the materials, leads to values of ηpl equal to 2.286 for 1006 steel and 2.621 for 4340 steel.