bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurodegeneration and Cancer: Where the Disorder Prevails
Authors: Klus Petr , Cirillo Davide , Botta Orfila Teresa , Tartaglia Gian Gaetano 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt has been reported that genes up-regulated in cancer are often down-regulated in neurodegenerative disorders and vice versa. The fact that apparently unrelated diseases share functional pathways suggests a link between their etiopathogenesis and the properties of molecules involved. Are there specific features that explain the exclusive association of proteins with either cancer or neurodegeneration? We performed a large-scale analysis of physico-chemical properties to understand what characteristics differentiate classes of diseases. We found that structural disorder significantly distinguishes proteins up-regulated in neurodegenerative diseases from those linked to cancer. We also observed high correlation between structural disorder and age of onset in Frontotemporal Dementia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, which strongly supports the role of protein unfolding in neurodegenerative processes.
Quasi-steady-state air plasma channel produced by a femtosecond laser pulse sequence
Authors: Lu Xin , Chen Shi-You , Ma Jing-Long , Hou Lei , Liao Guo-Qian , Wang Jin-Guang , Han Yu-Jing , Liu Xiao-Long , Teng Hao , Han Hai-Nian , Li Yu-Tong , Chen Li-Ming , Wei Zhi-Yi , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA long air plasma channel can be formed by filamentation of intense femtosecond laser pulses. However, the lifetime of the plasma channel produced by a single femtosecond laser pulse is too short (only a few nanoseconds) for many potential applications based on the conductivity of the plasma channel. Therefore, prolonging the lifetime of the plasma channel is one of the key challenges in the research of femtosecond laser filamentation. In this study, a unique femtosecond laser source was developed to produce a high-quality femtosecond laser pulse sequence with an interval of 2.9 ns and a uniformly distributed single-pulse energy. The metre scale quasi-steady-state plasma channel with a 60–80 ns lifetime was formed by such pulse sequences in air. The simulation study for filamentation of dual femtosecond pulses indicated that the plasma channel left by the previous pulse was weakly affected the filamentation of the next pulse in sequence under our experimental conditions.
Significant Performance Enhancement in Asymmetric Supercapacitors based on Metal Oxides, Carbon nanotubes and Neutral Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Singh Arvinder , Chandra Amreesh 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAmongst the materials being investigated for supercapacitor electrodes, carbon based materials are most investigated. However, pure carbon materials suffer from inherent physical processes which limit the maximum specific energy and power that can be achieved in an energy storage device. Therefore, use of carbon-based composites with suitable nano-materials is attaining prominence. The synergistic effect between the pseudocapacitive nanomaterials (high specific energy) and carbon (high specific power) is expected to deliver the desired improvements. We report the fabrication of high capacitance asymmetric supercapacitor based on electrodes of composites of SnO2 and V2O5 with multiwall carbon nanotubes and neutral 0.5 M Li2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. The advantages of the fabricated asymmetric supercapacitors are compared with the results published in the literature. The widened operating voltage window is due to the higher over-potential of electrolyte decomposition and a large difference in the work functions of the used metal oxides. The charge balanced device returns the specific capacitance of ~198 F g−1 with corresponding specific energy of ~89 Wh kg−1 at 1 A g−1. The proposed composite systems have shown great potential in fabricating high performance supercapacitors.
Subdiffraction localization of a nanostructured photosensitizer in bacterial cells
Authors: Delcanale Pietro , Pennacchietti Francesca , Maestrini Giulio , Rodríguez-Amigo Beatriz , Bianchini Paolo , Diaspro Alberto , Iagatti Alessandro , Patrizi Barbara , Foggi Paolo , Agut Monserrat , Nonell Santi , Abbruzzetti Stefania , Viappiani Cristiano 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAntibacterial treatments based on photosensitized production of reactive oxygen species is a promising approach to address local microbial infections. Given the small size of bacterial cells, identification of the sites of binding of the photosensitizing molecules is a difficult issue to address with conventional microscopy. We show that the excited state properties of the naturally occurring photosensitizer hypericin can be exploited to perform STED microscopy on bacteria incubated with the complex between hypericin and apomyoglobin, a self-assembled nanostructure that confers very good bioavailability to the photosensitizer. Hypericin fluorescence is mostly localized at the bacterial wall and accumulates at the polar regions of the cell and at sites of cell wall growth. While these features are shared by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, only the latter are effectively photoinactivated by light exposure.
Early-life experience affects honey bee aggression and resilience to immune challenge
Authors: Rittschof Clare C. , Coombs Chelsey B. , Frazier Maryann , Grozinger Christina M. , Robinson Gene E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEarly-life social experiences cause lasting changes in behavior and health for a variety of animals including humans, but it is not well understood how social information ‘‘gets under the skin’’ resulting in these effects. Adult honey bees (Apis mellifera) exhibit socially coordinated collective nest defense, providing a model for social modulation of aggressive behavior. Here we report for the first time that a honey bee’s early-life social environment has lasting effects on individual aggression: bees that experienced high-aggression environments during pre-adult stages showed increased aggression when they reached adulthood relative to siblings that experienced low-aggression environments, even though all bees were kept in a common environment during adulthood. Unlike other animals including humans however, high-aggression honey bees were more, rather than less, resilient to immune challenge, assessed as neonicotinoid pesticide susceptibility. Moreover, aggression was negatively correlated with ectoparasitic mite presence. In honey bees, early-life social experience has broad effects, but increased aggression is decoupled from negative health outcomes. Because honey bees and humans share aspects of their physiological response to aggressive social encounters, our findings represent a step towards identifying ways to improve individual resiliency. Pre-adult social experience may be crucial to the health of the ecologically threatened honey bee.
Genetic analysis of capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene clusters in 79 capsular types of Klebsiella spp
Authors: Pan Yi-Jiun , Lin Tzu-Lung , Chen Chun-Tang , Chen Yi-Yin , Hsieh Pei-Fang , Hsu Chun-Ru , Wu Meng-Chuan , Wang Jin-Town 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA total of 79 capsular types have been reported in Klebsiella spp., whereas capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) regions were available in only 22 types. Due to the limitations of serotyping, complete repertoire of cps will be helpful for capsular genotyping. We therefore resolved the rest 57 cps and conducted comparative analysis. Clustering results of 1,515 predicted proteins from cps loci categorized proteins which share similarity into homology groups (HGs) revealing that 77 Wzy polymerases were classified into 56 HGs, which indicate the high specificity of wzy between different types. Accordingly, wzy-based capsular genotyping could differentiate capsule types except for those lacking wzy (K29 and K50), those sharing identical wzy (K22 vs. K37); and should be carefully applied in those exhibited high similarity (K12 vs. K41, K2 vs. K13, K74 vs. K80, K79 vs. KN1 and K30 vs. K69). Comparison of CPS structures in several capsular types that shared similarity in their gene contents implies possible functions of glycosyltransferases. Therefore, our results provide complete set of cps in various types of Klebsiella spp., which enable the understandings of relationship between genes and CPS structures and are useful for identification of documented or new capsular types.
Divergent biophysical controls of aquatic CO2 and CH4 in the World’s two largest rivers
Authors: Borges Alberto V. , Abril Gwenaël , Darchambeau François , Teodoru Cristian R. , Deborde Jonathan , Vidal Luciana O. , Lambert Thibault , Bouillon Steven 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCarbon emissions to the atmosphere from inland waters are globally significant and mainly occur at tropical latitudes. However, processes controlling the intensity of CO2and CH4emissions from tropical inland waters remain poorly understood. Here, we report a data-set of concurrent measurements of the partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) and dissolved CH4concentrations in the Amazon (n = 136) and the Congo (n = 280) Rivers. The pCO2values in the Amazon mainstem were significantly higher than in the Congo, contrasting with CH4concentrations that were higher in the Congo than in the Amazon. Large-scale patterns in pCO2across different lowland tropical basins can be apprehended with a relatively simple statistical model related to the extent of wetlands within the basin, showing that, in addition to non-flooded vegetation, wetlands also contribute to CO2in river channels. On the other hand, dynamics of dissolved CH4in river channels are less straightforward to predict and are related to the way hydrology modulates the connectivity between wetlands and river channels.
Characterizing novel endogenous retroviruses from genetic variation inferred from short sequence reads
Authors: Mourier Tobias , Mollerup Sarah , Vinner Lasse , Hansen Thomas Arn , Kjartansdóttir Kristín Rós , Guldberg Frøslev Tobias , Snogdal Boutrup Torsten , Nielsen Lars Peter , Willerslev Eske , Hansen Anders J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFrom Illumina sequencing of DNA from brain and liver tissue from the lion, Panthera leo and tumor samples from the pike-perch, Sander lucioperca, we obtained two assembled sequence contigs with similarity to known retroviruses. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the pike-perch retrovirus belongs to the epsilonretroviruses and the lion retrovirus to the gammaretroviruses. To determine if these novel retroviral sequences originate from an endogenous retrovirus or from a recently integrated exogenous retrovirus, we assessed the genetic diversity of the parental sequences from which the short Illumina reads are derived. First, we showed by simulations that we can robustly infer the level of genetic diversity from short sequence reads. Second, we find that the measures of nucleotide diversity inferred from our retroviral sequences significantly exceed the level observed from Human Immunodeficiency Virus infections, prompting us to conclude that the novel retroviruses are both of endogenous origin. Through further simulations, we rule out the possibility that the observed elevated levels of nucleotide diversity are the result of co-infection with two closely related exogenous retroviruses.
Lumazine Synthase Protein Nanoparticle-Gd(III)-DOTA Conjugate as a T1 contrast agent for high-field MRI
Authors: Song YoungKyu , Kang Young Ji , Jung Hoesu , Kim Hansol , Kang Sebyung , Cho HyungJoon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWith the applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at higher magnetic fields increasing, there is demand for MRI contrast agents with improved relaxivity at higher magnetic fields. Macromolecule-based contrast agents, such as protein-based ones, are known to yield significantly higher r1 relaxivity at low fields, but tend to lose this merit when used as T1 contrast agents (r1/r2 = 0.5 ~ 1), with their r1 decreasing and r2 increasing as magnetic field strength increases. Here, we developed and characterized an in vivo applicable magnetic resonance (MR) positive contrast agent by conjugating Gd(III)-chelating agent complexes to lumazine synthase isolated from Aquifex aeolicus (AaLS). The r1 relaxivity of Gd(III)-DOTA-AaLS-R108C was 16.49 mM−1s−1 and its r1/r2 ratio was 0.52 at the magnetic field strength of 7 T. The results of 3D MR angiography demonstrated the feasibility of vasculature imaging within 2 h of intravenous injection of the agent and a significant reduction in T1 values were observed in the tumor region 7 h post-injection in the SCC-7 flank tumor model. Our findings suggest that Gd(III)-DOTA-AaLS-R108C could serve as a potential theranostic nanoplatform at high magnetic field strength.
Apoptosis of tumor infiltrating effector TIM-3+CD8+ T cells in colon cancer
Authors: Kang Chiao-Wen , Dutta Avijit , Chang Li-Yuan , Mahalingam Jayashri , Lin Yung-Chang , Chiang Jy-Ming , Hsu Chen-Yu , Huang Ching-Tai , Su Wan-Ting , Chu Yu-Yi , Lin Chun-Yen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTIM-3 functions to enforce CD8+ T cell exhaustion, a dysfunctional state associated with the tolerization of tumor microenvironment. Here we report apoptosis of IFN-γ competent TIM-3+ population of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in colon cancer. In humans suffering from colorectal cancer, TIM-3+ population is higher in cancer tissue-resident relative to peripheral blood CD8+ T cells. Both the TIM-3+ and TIM-3- cancer tissue-resident CD8+ T cells secrete IFN-γ of comparable levels, although apoptotic cells are more in TIM-3+ compared to TIM-3- population. In mouse CT26 colon tumor model, majority of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells express TIM-3 and execute cytolysis function with higher effector cytokine secretion and apoptosis in TIM-3+ compared to TIM-3- population. The tumor cells secrete galectin-9, which increases apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Galectin-9/TIM-3 signaling blockade with anti-TIM-3 antibody reduces the apoptosis and in addition, inhibits tumor growth in mice. The blockade increases therapeutic efficacy of cyclophosphamide to treat tumor in mice as well. These results reveal a previously unexplored role of TIM-3 on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in vivo.
Novel reversible and switchable electrolytes based on magneto-rheology
Authors: Ding Jie , Peng Gangrou , Shu Kewei , Wang Caiyun , Tian Tongfei , Yang Wenrong , Zhang Yuanchao , Wallace Gordon G. , Li Weihua 
Published: October 2015

AbstractReplacing organic liquid electrolytes with solid electrolytes has led to a new perspective on batteries, enabling high-energy battery chemistry with intrinsically safe cell designs. However, most solid/gel electrolytes are easily deformed; under extreme deformation, leakage and/or short-circuiting can occur. Here, we report a novel magneto-rheological electrolyte (MR electrolyte) that responds to changes in an external magnetic field; the electrolyte exhibits low viscosity in the absence of a magnetic field and increased viscosity or a solid-like phase in the presence of a magnetic field. This change from a liquid to solid does not significantly change the conductivity of the MR electrolyte. This work introduces a new class of magnetically sensitive solid electrolytes that can enhance impact resistance and prevent leakage from electronic devices through reversible active switching of their mechanical properties.
Rapid Hepatobiliary Excretion of Micelle-Encapsulated/Radiolabeled Upconverting Nanoparticles as an Integrated Form
Authors: Seo Hyo Jung , Nam Sang Hwan , Im Hyung-Jun , Park Ji-yong , Lee Ji Youn , Yoo Byeongjun , Lee Yun-Sang , Jeong Jae Min , Hyeon Taeghwan , Who Kim Ji , Lee Jae Sung , Jang In-Jin , Cho Joo-Youn , Hwang Do Won , Suh Yung Doug , Lee Dong Soo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the field of nanomedicine, long term accumulation of nanoparticles (NPs) in the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) such as liver is the major hurdle in clinical translation. On the other hand, NPs could be excreted via hepatobiliary excretion pathway without overt tissue toxicity. Therefore, it is critical to develop NPs that show favorable excretion property. Herein, we demonstrated that micelle encapsulated 64Cu-labeled upconverting nanoparticles (micelle encapsulated 64Cu-NOTA-UCNPs) showed substantial hepatobiliary excretion by in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) and also upconversion luminescence imaging (ULI). Ex vivo biodistribution study reinforced the imaging results by showing clearance of 84% of initial hepatic uptake in 72 hours. Hepatobiliary excretion of the UCNPs was also verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination. Micelle encapsulated 64Cu-NOTA-UCNPs could be an optimal bimodal imaging agent owing to quantifiability of 64Cu, ability of in vivo/ex vivo ULI and good hepatobiliary excretion property.
Mouse hepatic neoplasm formation induced by trace level and low frequency exposure to diethylnitrosamine through β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Li Yu-Sang , Leng Chang-Long , Chen Man-Tang , Zhang Wei Kevin , Li Xiao-Jun , Tang He-Bin , Shang Hong-Cai , Zhu Li-Hua 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
It has been reported that massive levels or/and high frequency exposure of diethylnitrosamine could induce hepatic neoplasm. However, it would be more interesting to figure out the hepatotoxic effects of diethylnitrosamine exposure at trace level and low frequency, which could be more common in our daily life. We found that both the mRNA and protein expression levels of β-catenin were aberrant in all liver tissues, accompanied by inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis and hepatic neoplasm after 10-week exposure of diethylnitrosamine (dissolved in sesame oil, 0.16 mmol per kg body weight) to mice. In addition, gradual increase in the mRNA expression of several pivotal risk factors (TNF-α, COX-2, PPAR-γ, AP-2, Smad-2, TGF-β1, and C-myc), as well as their protein expression levels, were associated with the aberrant expression or/and nucleus localization of β-catenin. Altogether, our results show that long-term diethylnitrosamine exposure at trace amounts and low frequency can also induce hepatotoxicity (including inflammation, steatosis and fibrosis) and consequently aberrant activation of β-catenin which in turn plays an important role in the initiation and promotion of liver tumors.
2.1 Reactions Involving an α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compound or Analogue as Electrophilic Component
Authors: Rodriguez J.-A. , Bonne D. , Coquerel Y. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis chapter focuses on multicomponent reactions involving an α, β-unsaturated compound as an electrophilic component and in which a Michael addition is a key step during the process. The Michael addition step can be either the starting point or a late event in the domino sequence. These reactions are extremely powerful processes, allowing the synthesis of diverse, valuable carbocyclic, heterocyclic, or acyclic scaffolds.
2.3 Boron-Mediated Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Szabó K. J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOrganoboronates are important reagents in modern synthetic applications. However, some organoboronates are unstable or difficult to purify. A possible solution is to perform organic transformations with in situ generated organoboronates. The organoboronates react selectively with many substrates, such as carbonyl compounds (allylation reactions) or organohalides (Suzuki–Miyaura coupling). Furthermore, synthesis of organoboronates and the subsequent transformations can be easily combined in the same reaction vessel. This chapter presents examples of these reactions including generation of organoboronates from simple prefunctionalized substrates (such as alcohols) and via C—H functionalization processes.
Putting interpreting strategies in their place
Authors: Li Xiangdong 
Published: October 2015

The term strategy is increasingly mentioned in the interpreting literature. Individual strategies have been approached from various perspectives by a number of interpreting research scholars. Those strategies are used by interpreters to cope with cognitive constraints, interpreting mode-specific difficulties, and language- and culture-specific constraints. Given its importance, the author argues to include strategy training in interpreter education based on a synthesis of evidence from the current literature. This article firstly presents a state-of-theart review of research on the defining features of strategies and their varieties. It then validates the contribution of strategy training to interpreter education in terms of overcoming cognitive constraints, combating interpreting mode-specific constraints, coping with language- and culture-specific constraints, conforming to interpreting norms, revealing problem-solution relations in the interpreting process, highlighting novice-expert differences for pedagogical use, and leading to interpreter competence development. The article also provides a brief demonstration of how to teach strategies to trainees. Hopefully, this article can inspire interpreter trainers to recognize the importance of strategies and include strategy training in their teaching.
Articulate forgiveness and normative constraints
Authors: Warmke Brandon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhilosophers writing on forgiveness typically defend the Resentment Theory of Forgiveness, the view that forgiveness is (or crucially implicates) the overcoming of resentment. Rarely is much more said about the nature of resentment or how it is overcome when one forgives. Pamela Hieronymi, however, has advanced detailed accounts both of the nature of resentment and how one overcomes resentment when one forgives. In this paper, I argue that Hieronymi’s account of the nature of forgiveness is committed to two implausible claims about the norms bearing on forgiveness. Her account is highly instructive, however, for it brings into relief how certain intuitive views about the norms of forgiveness should be used to constrain our theories about its nature. I conclude by defending this methodological proposal.
Jung and non-duality: some clinical and theoretical implications of the self as totality of the psyche
Authors: Corbett Lionel , Whitney Leanne 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTSome of Jung's writing reveals a non-dual sensibility, especially when he describes the Self as the totality of the psyche, and in his stress on theunus mundusand synchronicity. But overall he tends to favor a dualistic approach to the psyche; he never relinquishes the importance of the ego, he believes that the Self needs the ego to become conscious of itself, and he does not focus on pure consciousness beyond its images. This paper compares Jung's notion of the Self with descriptions of consciousness in various non-dual religious traditions. We suggest that because the Self is the ultimate subject, it can never be an object of consciousness. We suggest some of the implications of non-dual philosophy for psychotherapy.