bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kawasaki disease in a 9‐year old girl presenting with febrile cholestasis: case report and review of literature
Authors: Koca Tugba , Aslan Nagehan , Akaslan Kara Aybuke , Pektas Ayhan , Ozen Metehan , Akcam Mustafa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractKawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis that develops during childhood, especially in those younger than 5 years. Gastrointestinal involvement does not belong to the classic diagnostic criteria. We reported here, a 9‐year old girl who presented with febrile cholestasis, and developed a medium right coronary artery aneurysm despite intravenous immunoglobulin administration on the 9th day of fever. Hepatobiliary ultrasonographic evaluation revealed normal findings. Seroimmunologic markers of cholestasis were negative. Her clinical feature was ameliorated shortly after a second dose of intravenous immunoglobulin administration. We consider that a high index of suspicion of Kawasaki disease could prevent delayed diagnosis and complications.
A prospective, randomized, double‐blind, multicentre, parallel‐group, active controlled study to compare efficacy and safety of biosimilar adalimumab (Exemptia; ZRC‐3197) and adalimumab (Humira) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jani Rajendrakumar H. , Gupta Rajiv , Bhatia Girish , Rathi Gaurav , Ashok Kumar Patnala , Sharma Reena , Kumar Uma , Gauri Liyakat A. , Jadhav Praveen , Bartakke Girishchandra , Haridas Vikram , Jain Dinesh , Mendiratta Sanjeev K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimIn this study, efficacy, tolerability and safety of biosimilar adalimumab (Exemptia; Zydus Cadila) was compared with reference adalimumab (Humira; AbbVie) in patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodIn this multicentre, prospective, randomized, double‐blind, active controlled parallel arm study, 120 patients with moderate to severe RA were given 40 mg of either test adalimumab (Exemptia) or reference adalimumab (Humira) by subcutaneous route every other week for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was proportion of responders in two tretament groups by American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) at week 12. The secondary endpoints were change in Disease Activity Score of 28 joints – C‐reactive protein (DAS28‐CRP) and proportion of patients with an ACR50 and ACR70 response in two treatment groups at week 12. Safety outcomes were also assessed.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, patients treated every other week with test adalimumab (Zydus Cadila) had statistically similar response rates as compared to reference adalimumab (AbbVie): ACR20 (82% vs. 79.2%; P > 0.7); ACR50 (46%, vs. 43.4%; P > 0.7); ACR70 (14% vs. 15.1%; P > 0.8). The change in DAS28‐CRP score was −2.1 ± 1.09 and −2.1 ± 1.21, in test and reference products, respectively. It was statistically significant compared to baseline, but not significantly different between the two products. Three serious adverse events and no death was reported during the study. Both adalimumab preparations were safe and well tolerated in this study.ConclusionThe results demonstrated biosimilarity with respect to efficacy, tolerability and safety of test adalimumab (Exemptia) and reference adalimumab (Humira) in patients with moderate to severe RA.
Circulating microRNA signature of genotype‐by‐age interactions in the long‐lived Ames dwarf mouse
Authors: Victoria Berta , Dhahbi Joseph M. , Nunez Lopez Yury O. , Spinel Lina , Atamna Hani , Spindler Stephen R. , Masternak Michal M. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryRecent evidence demonstrates that serum levels of specific miRNAs significantly change with age. The ability of circulating sncRNAs to act as signaling molecules and regulate a broad spectrum of cellular functions implicates them as key players in the aging process. To discover circulating sncRNAs that impact aging in the long‐lived Ames dwarf mice, we conducted deep sequencing of small RNAs extracted from serum of young and old mice. Our analysis showed genotype‐specific changes in the circulating levels of 21 miRNAs during aging [genotype‐by‐age interaction (GbA)]. Genotype‐by‐age miRNAs showed four distinct expression patterns and significant overtargeting of transcripts involved in age‐related processes. Functional enrichment analysis of putative and validated miRNA targets highlighted cellular processes such as tumor suppression, anti‐inflammatory response, and modulation of Wnt, insulin, mTOR, and MAPK signaling pathways, among others. The comparative analysis of circulating GbA miRNAs in Ames mice with circulating miRNAs modulated by calorie restriction (CR) in another long‐lived mouse suggests CR‐like and CR‐independent mechanisms contributing to longevity in the Ames mouse. In conclusion, we showed for the first time a signature of circulating miRNAs modulated by age in the long‐lived Ames mouse.
Internet‐based brief intervention for young men with unhealthy alcohol use: a randomized controlled trial in a general population sample
Authors: Bertholet Nicolas , Cunningham John A. , Faouzi Mohamed , Gaume Jacques , Gmel Gerhard , Burnand Bernard , Daeppen Jean‐Bernard 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo test the efficacy of an internet‐based brief intervention (IBI) in decreasing alcohol use among young Swiss men aged 21 years on average.DesignTwo parallel‐group randomized controlled trial with a 1 : 1 allocation ratio containing follow‐up assessments at 1 and 6 months post‐randomizationSettingInternet‐based study in a general population sample.ParticipantsTwenty‐one‐year‐old men from Switzerland with unhealthy alcohol use (> 14 drinks/week or ≥ 6 drinks/occasion at least monthly or Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores ≥ 8)InterventionIBI consisting of (1) normative feedback, (2) feedback on consequences of alcohol use, (3) calorific value of reported consumption, (4) computed blood alcohol concentration for reported consumption, (5) indication of risk, (6) information on alcohol and health and (7) recommendations indicating low‐risk drinking limits. Control condition: no intervention (assessment only).MeasurementsAt 1 and 6 months: quantity/frequency questions on alcohol use (primary outcome: number of drinks/week) and binge drinking prevalence; at 6 months: AUDIT score, consequences of drinking (range = 0–12).FindingsFollow‐up rates were 92% at 1 month and 91% at 6 months. At 6 months, participants in the intervention group (n = 367) reported greater reductions in the number of drinks/week than participants in the control group (n = 370) [treatment × time interaction, incidence rate ratio (RR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.78; 0.96], but no significant differences were observed on binge drinking prevalence. There was a favourable intervention effect on AUDIT scores (IRR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88; 0.98), but not on the number of consequences (IRR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.84; 1.03).ConclusionsAn internet‐based brief intervention directed at harmful alcohol use among young men led to a reduction in self‐reported alcohol consumption and AUDIT scores compared with a no‐intervention control condition (assessment only).
Environmental drivers of anuran calling phenology in a seasonal Neotropical ecosystem
Authors: Schalk Christopher M. , Saenz Daniel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTemporal variation represents an important component in understanding the structure of ecological communities and species coexistence. We examined calling phenology of an assemblage of anurans in the Gran Chaco ecoregion of Bolivia by deploying automated recording devices to document nocturnally vocalizing amphibians nightly at seven ponds from 20 January 2011 until 31 October 2011. Using logistic regression, we modelled the relationships between temperature, rainfall and photoperiod with calling activity. There was a distinct seasonal effect with calling activity concentrated in the rainy season with no species detected during the dry season from June until the end of October. Calling activity was positively and significantly correlated with photoperiod in 9 of the 10 species analyzed, but there were distinct species‐specific relationships associated with rainfall and temperature. All of these species utilize ephemeral ponds as breeding sites, which can account for their reliance on rainfall as an important driver in calling activity. Two prolonged breeders exhibited similar seasonal breeding patterns across the rainy season, but differed in their response to daily abiotic factors, which might be attributed to the constraints imposed by their reproductive mode. Explosive breeders needed several days of rain to elicit calling. Two pairs of congeners had distinct species‐specific relationships between their calling activity and abiotic factors, even though the congeners shared the same reproductive mode, suggesting that the reproductive modes vary in the constraints imposed on calling activity. The patterns observed suggest that calling phenology of tropical anurans is determined by the interaction of exogenous factors (i.e. climatic variables) and endogenous factors (i.e. reproductive modes).
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in children with atopic dermatitis from 1999 to 2014: A longitudinal study
Authors: Chaptini Cassandra , Quinn Steve , Marshman Gillian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesWith the increase in rates of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infections in the general population, there may be a similar increase of such infections in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). There are few studies on MRSA prevalence in the AD population, and no previous studies in Australia. This study investigated the prevalence of MRSA and other organisms in the paediatric AD population over the previous 15 years.MethodsSkin swab results and other significant data, including patients' characteristics and comorbidities, were collected on patients with AD aged 0–18 years, admitted to a large teaching hospital in South Australia from 1999 to 2014 (N = 298). This longitudinal, retrospective study investigated, using logistic regression, the change of prevalence of MRSA, methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and Streptococcus spp. in AD over the past 15 years.ResultsCompared with 1999–2002, in 2003–2006 patients were approximately threefold more likely (P = 0.350), in 2007–2010 they were approximately 13‐fold more likely (P = 0.030) and in 2011–2014 they were approximately 24‐fold more likely to test positive for MRSA (P = 0.008), despite low absolute MRSA numbers. There was a positive association between the number of previous hospital admissions per patient and MRSA (OR = 1.16 [1.08–1.25], P = 0.000). In contrast, there was no change in the prevalence of MSSA or Streptococcus spp. over time.ConclusionThe prevalence of MRSA in children with AD is clearly on the rise. This has negative consequences for individuals with AD and is also a major public health problem.
Supervisor perspectives on the summative in‐training assessment
Authors: Scarff Catherine E , Bearman Margaret , Corderoy Robert M 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundAssessment is a fundamental component of medical education and exists in many formats. In‐training assessments are one such example and they serve to provide feedback to learners about their performance during a period of clinical attachment. However, in addition to trainee knowledge and performance, many factors influence the assessment given to a trainee.MethodThis study used an anonymous survey to investigate the perceptions of supervisors of the influences on their assessments of Australian dermatology trainees, focusing on the summative in‐training assessment (SITA) format.ResultsA response rate of 41% was achieved. The importance of reporting underperformance and providing feedback to trainees was agreed on, but current limitations in the ability of the tool to do this were noted. Implications for practice are discussed including the education and support of supervisors, consideration of logistical issues, the process of SITA completion and supervisor appointment. Further research into the impact of supervisor concerns about potential challenges to a judgement and hesitations about making negative comments about a trainee are required. Examination of the trainee perspective is also required.ConclusionQuality feedback is essential for learners to guide and improve their performance. Supervisors face many potential influences on their assessments and if these are too great, they may jeopardise the quality of the assessment given. Attention to highlighted areas may serve to improve the process, so allowing trainees to develop into the best clinicians they can be.
Cost‐effectiveness of term induction of labour using inpatient prostaglandin gel versus outpatient Foley catheter
Authors: Austin Kathryn , Chambers Georgina M. , de Abreu Lourenco Richard , Madan Arushi , Susic Daniella , Henry Amanda 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveEvaluating cost‐effectiveness of induction of labour (IOL) using outpatient mechanical cervical ripening using a Foley catheter (OFC) compared to inpatient chemical ripening using prostin gel (IPG).Study DesignCost‐effectiveness analysis from a hospital perspective alongside a RCT. Women in a metropolitan Australian maternity hospital with an unfavourable cervix requiring IOL at term were randomised to IPG (n = 51) or OFC (n = 50). Primary economic measures were mean patient costs, incremental cost per predelivery inpatient hour prevented, and incremental cost per vaginal delivery within 12 h of admission to the birthing unit. Bootstrapping estimates were used to construct 95% confidence intervals. Estimates of net monetary benefit were calculated to aid interpretation of the results.ResultsMean hospital costs per woman were nonsignificantly higher ($6524 OFC vs $5876 IPG) and mean difference $643; 95% CI −$366 to $1652. OFC group experienced fewer predelivery inpatient hours, resulting in an incremental cost per inpatient hour prevented of $57 (95% CI −$79.44 to $190.65). However, OFC patients were less likely to deliver vaginally within 12 h of admission to birthing unit. Other cost influencing clinical outcomes, including caesarean section rates and total inpatient hours, were not statistically different. Results were not sensitive to changes in costs or the cost‐effectiveness thresholds.ConclusionOFC had fewer inpatient hours and costs prior to birth. However, OFC did not reduce overall inpatient hours and failed to achieve comparable rates of vaginal delivery within 12 h of birthing unit admission. Therefore, OFC is unlikely to be considered cost‐effective compared to IPG in current hospital settings.
Introducing a laparoscopic simulation training and credentialing program in gynaecology: an observational study
Authors: Janssens Sarah , Beckmann Michael , Bonney Donna 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundSimulation training in laparoscopic surgery has been shown to improve surgical performance.AimsTo describe the implementation of a laparoscopic simulation training and credentialing program for gynaecology registrars.Materials and MethodsA pilot program consisting of protected, supervised laparoscopic simulation time, a tailored curriculum and a credentialing process, was developed and implemented. Quantitative measures assessing simulated surgical performance were measured over the simulation training period. Laparoscopic procedures requiring credentialing were assessed for both the frequency of a registrar being the primary operator and the duration of surgery and compared to a presimulation cohort. Qualitative measures regarding quality of surgical training were assessed pre‐ and postsimulation.ResultsImprovements were seen in simulated surgical performance in efficiency domains. Operative time for procedures requiring credentialing was reduced by 12%. Primary operator status in the operating theatre for registrars was unchanged. Registrar assessment of training quality improved.ConclusionsThe introduction of a laparoscopic simulation training and credentialing program resulted in improvements in simulated performance, reduced operative time and improved registrar assessment of the quality of training.
The success rate of IVF has significantly improved over the last decade
Authors: Wade Jessica J. , MacLachlan Vivien , Kovacs Gab 
Published: July 2015

AimTo demonstrate that success rates with in vitro fertilisation (IVF) have been improving despite decreasing the number of embryos transferred.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study comparing live birth outcomes for women who started IVF between 2001 and 2005 with women who started between 2006 and 2010, using life table analysis to allow for the fact that women had differing number of cycles of treatment. The data were obtained from a single IVF centre, Monash IVF Geelong, Victoria. The 2001–2005 cohort consisted of 233 women, and the 2006–2010 cohort consisted of 453 women who started IVF between the specified dates. The main outcome measure was a live birth. Life table analysis was used to estimate the cumulative probability of a live birth after each cycle.ResultsThe estimate of cumulative live birth probability demonstrated that the chance of a live birth by cycle five was 75.8% in the 2001–2005 cohort, which significantly increased to 80.1% by cycle five in the 2006–2010 cohort (P = <0.05). There was a mean of 1.8 embryos transferred per embryo transfer in the 2001–2005 cohort, which decreased to a mean of 1.3 embryos transferred per embryo transfer in the 2006–2010 cohort. This was associated with a significant decrease in the multiple birth rate from 24.7% in the 2001–2005 cohort to 7.5% in the 2006–2010 cohort.ConclusionThe IVF success rate has significantly improved despite the number of embryos transferred being reduced. This study provides further support for elective single embryo transfers.
Where It Hurts: 2014 Year in Review
Authors: Morris Courtney Desiree 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTAnthropologists have increasingly used the term public anthropology to refer to a model of research and practice dedicated to bringing anthropological knowledge into public discourse to affect tangible social change (Low 2011). The increased visibility of what is variously referred to as public, engaged, activist, action, or applied anthropology challenges anthropologists to circulate their insights more widely and effectively in the public sphere. The question, however, is not merely whether anthropologists should participate in the public sphere but also how anthropologists should intervene. In this article, I examine the interventions that anthropologists made in debates on the Ebola epidemic, state violence and civil discourse, and the need for cultural change in the face of climate change. Using these cases as a theoretical point of departure, I question what would happen if we imagined our work as a practice of freedom, an act of imagination, a tool for transforming an unequal world? What if we did the work of anthropology as though our lives and the lives of others depended on it? [public anthropology, Ebola, Israel‐Palestine, Ferguson, climate change, year in review]
Fever‐Induced Brugada Syndrome Is More Common Than Previously Suspected: A Cross‐Sectional Study from an Endemic Area
Authors: Rattanawong Pattara , Vutthikraivit Wasawat , Charoensri Attawit , Jongraksak Tanawat , Prombandankul Awapa , Kanjanahattakij Napatt , Rungaramsin Sakda , Wisaratapong Treechada , Ngarmukos Tachapong 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundBrugada syndrome (BrS) is defined as presenting of type‐1 Brugada pattern (BrP). BrS can also be induced by fever. This study demonstrated a highest prevalence of fever‐induced BrS ever reported.MethodDuring May 2014, febrile (oral temperature ≥ 38 °C) and nonfebrile patients underwent standard and high leads (V1 and V2 at 2nd intercostal space) electrocardiogram. Risk factor and cardiac symptoms were recorded. Patients with a persistent of type‐1 BrP after fever had subsided were excluded. The prevalence of BrS, type‐2 BrP and early repolarization pattern (ERP) were demonstrated.ResultsA total of 401 patients, 152 febrile, and 249 nonfebrile, were evaluated. BrS was identified in six febrile patients (five males and one female) and two males in nonfebrile patients. The study demonstrated higher prevalence of BrS in febrile group compared to nonfebrile group (4.0% vs 0.8%, respectively, P = 0.037). Among fever‐induced BrS patients, three patients (50.0%) experienced cardiac symptoms before and at the time of presentation and two patients (33.3%) had history of first‐degree relative sudden death. No ventricular arrhythmia was observed. All of type‐1 BrP disappeared after fever had subsided. We found no difference in prevalence of type‐2 BrP in febrile and nonfebrile group (2.0% vs 2.8%, respectively, P > 0.05) as well as ERP (3.3% vs 6.4%, respectively, P > 0.05).ConclusionsOur study showed a highest prevalence of fever induced BrS ever reported. A larger study of prevalence, risk stratification, genetic test and management of fever‐induced BrS should be done, especially in an endemic area.
Fragmented QRS Is Associated with Improved Predictive Value of Exercise Treadmill Testing in Patients with Intermediate Pretest Likelihood of Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Tusun Eyyup , Ilter Abdulselam , Besli Feyzullah , Erkus Emre , Altiparmak Ibrahim Halil , Bozbay Mehmet 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundThe predictive value of exercise treadmill testing (ETT) remains inadequate in diagnosing patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) and needs to be improved.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of FQRS on 12‐lead ECG would increase the PPV of ETT in patients with an intermediate likelihood of CAD.MethodsfQRS, defined as the presence of notched R or S waves without accompanying typical bundle branch block or the existence of an additional wave‐like RSR’ pattern in the original QRS complex (with a duration of <120 ms), was assessed in 95 patients with positive ETT. Coronary angiogram (CA) was performed in all patients, divided into two groups as the significant CAD group and nonsignificant CAD group according to coronary artery lesions. The differences between the groups in terms of the presence of fQRS and clinical characteristics were investigated.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 51.3 ± 11.3 years, and 74 of them were males (77.9%). FQRS was present in 47 (49.5%) patients, and significant CAD was demonstrated in 51 subjects (53.7%) among the enrolled subjects. fQRS was more prevalent in the significant CAD group compared to nonsignificant CAD group (P < 0.001). The presence of FQRS increased the PPV of positive ETT from 53.7% to 85.1%. In addition, FQRS was associated with the increased risk of significant CAD in multivariate analysis (OR = 2.839, P < 0.001).ConclusionIn clinical practice, the presence of fQRS in patients with positive ETT may support clinicians during the decision‐making process with regard to the referral for a coronary angiography.