bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Venturi Tube Blower Applications in Reducing H2S Gas Concentration at Depurator Flotation Unit
Authors: Ekky Rizkiyadi Muhammad , Agus Setiawan Muchamad 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Objective of this paper is to highlight the problem of high concentration Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in depurator flotation unit system at Oily Water Treatment Plant (OWTP) Pertamina Hulu Energi Offshore North West Java (ONWJ), Central Plant Processing Facilty and identification impact quality of dry crude to storage. The methodology to reduce accumulation Hydrogen Sulfide in depurator unit is using venturi tube blower system. An innovation to install venturi tube blower has been tested based on degradation of concentration and dry crude quality in Floating Storage Offloading (FSO) Arco Ardjuna prior to export. The result of application venturi tube blower showed that accumulation of Hydrogen Sulfide gasses down to the lowest point and was found very effective. Conclusion from this paper are application of venturi tube blower has proven to capture and remove the concentration Hydrogen Sulfide up to 80% and in economical aspect the requirement cost for modification are very minimum.
Design and Implementation of Well Integrity Passport
Authors: Chishti Khalid , El-Refai Mohamed , El Din Abouel Seoud , Mohamed Ashraf Khalil , Ali Mohamed Saleh , Abdulla Hussein Saad 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A need was felt in ADMA OPCO for a Well Integrity monitoring and management tool which would, in a single document, capture and present the entire Well Integrity status of the well and make it available for the senior management on a click of a button; short and long term actions are well defined and clearly assigned. A similar document had been proposed and implemented for other company assets such as pipelines and pressure vessels.
Since 2003, ADMA OPCO had a legacy Well Risk Ranking System based on the ADNOC 5×5 risk matrix, which classified wells into high, medium and low risk categories. The system captured data such as Xmas Tree/Wellhead valve status, Wellhead cavity status, DHSV status, annulus pressures and any down-hole issues such as corrosion or communication. The Well Integrity Passport enhanced the risk ranking concept by taking into account the business and HSE aspect of a well. Wells with higher production or injection potential are ranked accordingly higher on the vertical axis. Similarly gas wells are ranked higher than oil or water injector wells due to their potential HSE impact in the event of a failure. The horizontal axis is the probability or the technical axis which takes into account the technical and barrier status of the well in terms of the health of various components. The passport also contains a well barrier sketch defining the well barrier envelopes (primary and secondary barriers) and their status. The passport is made available to the senior management using a web based interface called the IDBMS. The overall integrity status of wells or the status of any individual well can be seen at any time upon the click of a button.
Based on the new system, all the wells in the two main offshore fields of ADMA OPCO were reassessed. The results were similar but not exactly as from the previous risk ranking system.
The system has added great value because it is designed to produce a semi-quantitative risk score which can be a tool in prioritizing the required repairs or monitoring activities.
Flare Purge Gas Reduction Offshore Exercise
Authors: Al Hajri Abdulla , Basheer Mohsin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
As part of the continuous effort to reduce/minimize flaring, an optimization project was undertaken to reduce flaring during the normal operation phase by minimizing the purge gas flow rates to the minimum acceptable limit.
The previous purge gas flow overseen by the EPC Contractor was revised using the latest API standards (API 521). As a result, the study identified a major opportunity to optimize the off-shore flaring as summarized in table-1 below:
Table 1 minimum purge gas requirements to offshore HP flares Minimum Purge Gas (Kg/hr) Actual design Revised Criteria from API (521) Revised design EPC Flare vendor Air Ingress criteria for header Air Ingress criteria for stack Back burning criteria Flare vendor + Process margin Plat-1 HP flare 787 72 48 17 54 79 Plat-2 HP flare 787 72 48 17 54 79
Revised criteria from latest API standards applied to the offshore HP flare showed that the minimum purge gas requirement should be lower than flare vendor recommendation (from the vendor datasheet).
A process margin is added to the recommended purge gas flowrate to cover for fuel gas composition and flow meter accuracy.
The new minimum purge gas requirement defined as a revised design was confirmed by company's technical team. The flare vendor also confirmed that the revised design was above the recommended minimum purge rates for the HP flare tip and committed to reduce air ingress and oxygen levels inside the flare tip and stack to acceptable points during normal purge scenarios. This would also ensure safety, reliability, and integrity.
Implementation of the purge gas reduction in the offshore HP flares was achieved by carrying out a step-by step reduction of the purge gas flow down to the flame visibility. A detailed Method of Statement was prepared to ensure a smooth purge gas reduction activity.
As the purge gas flow was reduced, the HP flare tip inspection frequency increased. At the initial stage, flare tip inspection frequency of 2 years was suggested in line with the platform shutdown schedule.
Flexural Shear Associated with Transpressional Folding of Abu Dhabi Onshore Fields
Authors: Noufal Abdelwahab , Agrab Abdelfatah El , Satti Sara , Chitrao Amogh 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Abu Dhabi onshore Anticlinal Fields are trending NE-SW and N-S, with their eastern flanks being of steeper dip (~3 ° -5°) than their western flanks (~1° -2°). In previous research, kinematics, and mechanics of onshore Abu Dhabi folded anticlines had not been addressed. The main objective of this paper is to understand the kinematics and mechanics of the folding systems.
A new approach to understanding the mechanical evolution of these anticlines is presented here through the use of conceptual modelling and theoretical approaches. A combination of geological and geophysical tools is used for determining the direction of the shear stresses along the flexural slip planes. Although textural evidence, such as karstification and diagenesis, suggests local material redistribution on different scales, compositional trends support negligible volume flux at the scale of the anticlines. The preservation of bed length and bed thickness in most of the onshore Abu Dhabi Anticlines requires the development of bed-parallel shear. Abu Dhabi Anticlinal fields are mechanically evolved by flexural shear and flexural slip folding, which is characterized by differential simple shear along the bedding planes, where deformation is concurrent with the diagenesis. The layered horizons of these folds are mostly of carbonates, where the competency contrast is low and the friction between the layers is high leading to flexural shear. In the locations, where incompetent shale layers alternate with the carbonates, flexural slip is considered - although this is very limited within Abu Dhabi anticlinal structures. In these folds, the bedding planes of less competent layers act as boundaries of shear zones. Therefore, most of the internal deformation occurs within the less competent layers by partial recrystallization and development of fractures. However, the competent layers undergo pressure solution, development of sigmoidal extensional fissures, and stylolites in most cases. Thus, the overall folding system is heterogeneous and the competent layers simply slide over one another. The dominant direction of the over-riding shear is directed toward the fold axial surface and the stresses are released along the bedding plane discontinuities. The bedding plane discontinuities are considered to represent the finite neutral surface of the fold. Folds having parallel geometrical forms have opposite directions of structural shear in transtensional and transpressional regime.
In the Abu Dhabi flexural slip shear folds, deformation in the hinge zone is characterized by pure shear, and deformation on fold limbs is characterized by components of both simple and pure shear. Strain models of pure bending, layer-parallel shear, and shear parallel to the hinge plane are shown to be the main mechanism of these folds. Preservation of these will play an important role in revealing a new play concept for the Abu Dhabi fields.
Diagnosis and Analysis of Well Abnormal Flowing Data in Dina HPHT Gas Field, West China
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Zou Chunmei , Liu Hualin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper presents an integrated approach for diagnosis and synthesis of production data for gas wells in Dina HPHT reservoir, where most of the production wells exhibit everlasting abnormal flow with limited analyzable data
For production data diagnostics, we prove that for gas wells at high pressure stage (both reservoir pressure and wellbore flowing pressure are above 50MPa), the qg/(Ppi - Ppwf) versus tca plot for gas system can be substituted rigorously by qg/(Pi - Pwf) versus Gp/qg plot (similar form as liquid system) in Palacio-Blasingame decline type curve analysis; and for gas Flowing Material Balance (FMB) analysis, the qg/(Ppi - Ppwf) versus (qgtca)/[(Ppi - Ppwf)Cti] plot can be substituted by qg/(Pi - Pwf) versus Gg/(Pi - Pwf) plot. These reduced functions are used to generate simplified Blasingame diagnostic plot and FMB diagnostic plot for high pressure gas system. These simplified diagnostic plots, with no iterations or integrations when calculating, provide a quick and straightforward solution for instant detection of abnormal flowing data in field.
In well production profile synthesis, the dependence of well OGIP on individual-well-flow-rate/reservoir-flow-rate ratio is given based on "pseudo-steady-state" flow theory in a multiwell reservoir. Interference effects are coupled into the analytical model by assigning varied OGIP in production profile synthesis, which reduce the risk of erroneous results in modeling long-term production profile for wells with limited analyzable history data and make the "generated" well behavior consistent with the multi-well-reservoir behavior.
Enhancing Petrophysical Property Prediction from Well Logs Using Digital Rock Physics Technique - Case Study of a North Sea Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Wu Jianghui , Jin Guodong , Bradley Tom , Sy Rex , Mezzatesta Alberto , Guzman Angelia 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a field case study, which integrates Digital Rock Physics (DRP) techniques and downhole logging measurements, to enhance the prediction of formation absolute permeability and drainage capillary pressure from well log data. The approach first generates numerically a digital rock model representing the formation at each given depth of interest, and then uses the model as input to simulate fluid flow and capillary-dominated fluid displacement for the determination of capillary-pressure curve and absolute permeability. Rock models are constrained by formation parameters derived from logging data, and created by simulating the way the clastic rock formed over millions of years, with periods of grain sedimentation, compaction and diagenesis. All input parameters for the rock modeling including the density, porosity, grain mineralogy, grain-size distribution (GSD), cement and clay content, are obtained directly or indirectly from downhole logging measurements.
The method's feasibility and applicability are demonstrated by applying the DRP modeling technique to one set of field data from a North Sea well contained a complete suite of logs. Cores are extensively taken from the well-consolidated sandstone formations. Laboratory measurements provide the measured permeability and capillary pressure for comparison. At various depths, the predicted permeability of rock models is in good agreement with the measured values of core sampes from the same depth, and mostly falls within the same order of magnitude as the measurements. Compared to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based Coates model, the DRP-based approach gives a better predicted permeability when both methods use default values in their parameters. In addition, three depths representing different sandstone zones are randomly selected to investigate the effect of surface relaxivity on the predicted GSD, permeability and capillary pressure of rock models. When the surface relaxivity of 3 μm/s is used in this study, the DRP permeability at these depths matches very well with core measurements as well as the mobility calculated from formation tester measurements. Also, their entry capillary pressures are consistent with those from core measurements. However, the simulated pressure curves differ in shape from the measured ones, which may be attributed to limited variation of grain sizes used in the rock modeling. The promising results stemming from this study confirm the feasibility of combining the DRP technique with downhole logging measurements to accurately and reliably predict formation petrophysical properties in a timely and cost-effective manner.
General Parallel Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Beckner B. L. , Haugen K. B. , Maliassov S. , Dyadechko V. , Wiegand K. D. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Faster reservoir simulation turnaround time continues to be a major industry priority. Simultaneously, model sizes are reaching a billion cells and the recovery mechanisms and reservoir management processes to be modeled are rapidly changing and are becoming computationally more expensive. A new reservoir modeling solution has been developed to quickly solve these largest and most complex modeling studies within ExxonMobil.
This latest generation reservoir simulator has been designed from the ground up with 60 years of internal reservoir simulator development experience. Some of the key learnings incorporated into the new reservoir simulator include a requirement for a flexible and modular software framework, a general flow formulation that is decoupled from a very fast and highly accurate phase behavior engine, and unstructured architecture for unstructured grids. This simulator is optimized for massive distributed memory parallelism to take advantage of ExxonMobil's world class supercomputer, Discovery.
A new fluid agnostic formulation has been developed based on general material balance. A highly optimized and highly accurate fluid library supports liquid-liquid-vapor calculations and is the only differentiation between black-oil and compositional options. These considerations are critical for maintaining computationally efficient software under heavy software development with a large development team.
The distributed memory parallelism has been tested and has shown to be very efficient on the Discovery platform. Strong scalability tests have been run to 16,000 cores with good parallel performance to 6000 unknowns per core. These are some of the largest core counts for parallel reservoir simulation with unstructured grids seen in the industry and reduce model run times from days to minutes. These drastically reduced run times have allowed the new simulator to include heavy computational methods, such a nonlinear finite volumes or implicit reactions, for practical use as well as supporting very large models in excess of 100 million cells.
Flexible well management control is provided through Python scripts. This allows users to customize asset-specific control strategies via a well-known and straight-forward scripting language. Alternatively, an internal optimization engine can manage the field subject to high level constraints provided by the user.
Recent 4S High Fold 3D Seismic Acquisitions in the Abu Dhabi Foreland of the Oman Mountains
Authors: Granser Harald , Novotny Bernhard , Fava Luca , Vermeulen Bruno 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
OMV and ADNOC commissioned WesternGeco to acquire a high fold, high density seismic program in the Foreland of the Oman Mountains, west of the city Al Ain. The objective of the survey was to acquire high quality 3D seismic data for a proper delineation and reservoir characterisation of structural and stratigraphic trapping geometries in order to identify potential exploration drilling locations.
The acquisition commenced Mid-2014 and was completed by early 2015. The program included two separate 3D areas covering 1800km². In addition, 700km of infill 2D lines were recorded to connect the two 3D surveys with modern 2D seismic and to complement the existing vintage 2D seismic grid. The seismic surveys were recorded with a Single Source Single Sensor design (4S) using WesternGeco's UniQ seismic acquisition system with single sensor geophone accelerometers (GACs) and single 80,000lb DX-80 vibrators. A Maximum Displacement Sweep was designed to enhance especially low frequencies resulting in a broadened amplitude spectrum. Operating up to 15 vibrators simultaneously allowed a very efficient seismic data acquisition but needed the implementation of the correct separations and slip times to ensure the data was not contaminated. The 18sec custom designed broad bandwidth sweep (1–120Hz) enhanced the S/N ratio in general and improved the data quality of the deeper target levels due to the input of low frequencies (below 10 Hz).
Sufficient azimuth, high fold, long offsets, broad bandwidth as well as optimum random noise reduction and increased spatial resolution was required to improve data quality. Therefore gaining more value with advanced seismic attribute analysis and enhancing the illumination of deeper zones in order to meet the objectives of the seismic.
On the logistical side, high flexibility was needed to allow complex and dynamic fleet grouping to maximize productivity. Any cross-talk noise between two different sources was managed using Managed Source and Spread (MSS) time and distance rules, which were based on the target characteristics. Acquiring dense 4S seismic required detailed planning to ensure operational safety and to achieve the planned fold coverage, especially in areas of dense infrastructure. The processing sequence for the high fold, high density 4S pre-stack seismic totalling 160 TB of data – 16 billion traces, was designed to effectively remove noise and preserve signal fidelity in the pre-stack data to ensure an optimal imaging and resolution of the geological targets. Due to the dune environment in the area, the application of optimal static solutions was an essential processing step. The good sampling of the noise in the raw data by the high density and high fold acquisition enabled a successful noise suppression performance and resulted in improving the image of the geological signal.
Andragogy Applications in ADCO Leadership Programmes
Authors: Flahive Tadhg 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
This paper examines the fundamentals of learning styles and their current application in leadership programmes at ADCO. A variety of learning style models are presented along with how they have been incorporated into content instructional material. Implications for successful leadership interventions are examined and feedback from past programme participants on the effectiveness of the incorporated learning styles is clearly outlined.

Methods/Procedures/Process
The three main learning modalities: visual; auditory and kinaesthetic are put into practice using appropriate learning style checklists. Learners' learning style preferences are identified and programme materials are designed to address this diversity. The best instructional approach, regardless of subject matter or grade level, is a deliberate multisensory approach. Three of the learning style models most frequently cited in literature - Myers-Briggs Indicator, Kolb's Learning Style Model, and Honey-Mumford Model are practically applied in ADCO leadership programme delivery.

Results/Observations/Conclusions
Results from post-programme evaluations, participant surveys and facilitator observations indicate that learners must be involved in the planning and evaluation of their instruction. For learning to be truly effective it must take place around current work problems and must have job relevance. Programme facilitators must move learners out of their comfort zones and provide challenges. It is also worth remembering that no one learning style is better or worse than any other. All styles have their own advantages and disadvantages. Learning Agility is of paramount importance i.e. the ability to learn from past experiences and mistakes and transfer that learning to current situations. This paper demonstrates that learners learn best when they are allowed to: test concepts in ‘first time’ situations; engage in concrete experiences; observe and reflect.

Novel/Additive Information
This study provides practical tips and strategies that address the full spectrum of learning styles that can be used to enhance any leadership programme within an organization. Activities provided are mapped onto the aforementioned three learning style models. Feedback from participants in past ADCO learning interventions are taken into account when planning the activities used in current leadership interventions within the organization.
Produced Water Re-injection (PWRI) - Case Study from On-shore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Mahmoud K. , Al Tenaiji A. , Al Sharafi M. , El-Abd S. , Abdou M. , Hafez H. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Water production normally increases as field gets more matured; especially for fields developed via water injection or natural aquifer support. Handling water production is always a challenge from both financial and environmental prospects. The field under study is a giant oil and gas producer in Gulf area. Before embarking on the PWRI project, the routine way to handle the field's water production (~65 Mbbls/d) was to dispose through dedicated wells drilled only for that purpose and completed as open hole in Dammam, Simsima and UER formations. On the other hand, the water injection project sourced by water supply wells drilled and completed with ESP's through the same formations.
In 2010, PWRI project was commenced through replacing the aquifer water injection by produced water re-injection in one of the water injection clusters without water treatment. Since then, about 22–29 Mbbls/d of produced water are being injected through four water injection wells. After commencing the project, it was very crucial to assure that, no injectivity impairment due to produced water re-injection in addition to wells' integrity.
The water injection performance was closely monitored as WHIP and injection rate and using some techniques like Hall plot to detect any injectivity impact. Pressure fall-off tests (PFO) were frequently performed to detect any formation damage associated with PWRI. Moreover, PLT was performed in one of the wells before and after switching from aquifer water to injection water. The two logs were compared and proved that, there is no change in the injection profile across the horizontal section of that well. Corrosion logs were also utilized showing that, no integrity issues related to PWRI. As of now, some 24 MMbbls of produced water were injected with no impact on wells' injectivity or integrity.