bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspirin Resistance in Chinese Stroke Patients Increased the Rate of Recurrent Stroke and other Vascular Events
Authors: Yi Xingyang , Zhou Qiang , Lin Jing , Chi LiFen 
Published: December 2012

Introduction To investigate the prevalent of aspirin resistance (AR) in Chinese stroke patients and its association with recurrent stroke and other vascular events, including cardiovascular disease and death. Methods We prospectively enrolled 634 Chinese stroke patients. Aspirin was administrated to every patient from the first day of admission. Whole blood samples were collected for platelet aggregation testing after aspirin was administered for 7–10 days. A follow-up period of 12–24 months was performed to record vascular events and hemorrhagic side effects. Results Aspirin resistance (AR) was detected in 129 patients (20·4%), aspirin semi-resistance (ASR) in 28 patients (4·4%) and aspirin sensitivity (AS) in 477 patients (75·2%). Logistic regression analysis found that diabetes and high levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) were independent risk factors for ASR and AR. During a median follow-up period of 19·4 months, the prevalence of recurrent stroke, death from all causes, myocardial infarction and vascular events overall were higher in patients with AR + ASR than in patients with AS. Cox regression analysis found that diabetes and AR were independent risk factors for vascular events. Conclusion Aspirin resistance is common in Chinese patient taking antiplatelet medications. Diabetes and high LDL may induce platelet activation and thrombosis and increase the occurrence of aspirin resistance. Patients who are detected to be aspirin resistant are at a greater risk of clinically important vascular events.
Nematodes as Live Food in Larviculture – A Review
Authors: Brüggemann Jens 
Published: December 2012

Live feeds are essential in larval nutrition of many fish and crustacean species. As the consumers' demand for aquaculture products is growing rapidly, the demand for live feeds in larviculture is increasing as well. To satisfy the growing demand, research has taken steps to develop new innovative live feeds. Several studies focused on nematodes as a potential food source for larvae. Production methods, culture media, harvest, and enrichment procedures for nematodes presented in these studies are reviewed here. Many studies fed nematodes to different species of fish and crustaceans to test applicability in larval nutrition. The results of these feeding trials in terms of larval performance as well as ingestion and digestion of nematodes in the larvae's gut are reviewed here as well. In addition, a summary of advantages and disadvantages of nematodes as live food and an outlook on future challenges of production and application of nematodes in larviculture are also presented.In summary, several different production methods including innovative culture media for nematodes have been developed. The species Panagrellus redivivus has been used in most of the reviewed studies. It reproduces extremely fast and can be cultivated by very simple means of production. Other species such as Turbatrix aceti and Caenorhabditis elegans have been tested in a few studies as well. However, a complete production cycle for mass production appropriate for use in aquaculture has not been developed yet for any of these species. Enrichment trials for amino acids revealed only a very limited potential to manipulate amino acid profiles in nematodes. In contrast, fatty acid composition turned out to be quite variable depending on the culture media used for nematode production. By adding oils containing large quantities of essential fatty acids to the culture media, these fatty acids could be enriched in nematodes and provided to larvae. This allows tailoring fatty acid composition according to the needs of the respective larvae. It could be shown that nematodes can be digested by fish larvae even though they possess a robust cuticle. Larval performance depends strongly on the respective species of fish to which the nematodes are fed. Nematodes seemed to work particularly well for crustacean larvae. In penaeid larvae, nematodes turned out to be a good live food that can compete with conventional feeding methods even though there is still room for improvements. For future use in larviculture, appropriate methods for mass production, harvest, and feeding need to be developed. Additionally, more data on optimized feeding levels for different fish and crustacean species will be required.
Comparison of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Content in Filets of Anadromous and Landlocked Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka
Authors: Gladyshev Michail I. , Lepskaya Ekaterina V. , Sushchik Nadezhda N. , Makhutova Olesia N. , Kalachova Galina S. , Malyshevskaya Kseniya K. , Markevich Grigory N. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract:  Fatty acid composition and content of 2 forms of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka from lakes in Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) were compared. One form of sockeye salmon was anadromous (“marine”), that is, adult fish migrated in ocean to feed and grow and than return in the lake to breed. Fish of another form, kokanee, never migrate in the ocean. Per cent levels of the main indicators of nutritive value, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3), were significantly higher in the landlocked O. nerka. However, concentrations of EPA and DHA per wet weight of filets were higher in the marine form, because of the relatively higher content of sum of fatty acids in their muscle tissue. As concluded, fish fed in marine environment had higher contents of long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids per wet weight than fish of the same species, fed in fresh waters. In general, both the anadromous sockeye salmon and the landlocked kokanee salmon can be recommended for human diet as a valuable product concerning contents of EPA and DHA.Practical Application:  The long‐chain polyunsaturated acids (PUFA) have been specifically recommended for humans to prevent cardiovascular disease and psychiatric disorders. Fish are known to be the main source of PUFA in human diet. Data on PUFA content in diverse food fish is essential to compare the benefits they offer for consumers’ health. We compared PUFA contents in 2 forms of popular food fish Oncorhynchus nerka, migrating sockeye salmon and landlocked kokanee salmon, and found that both forms are valuable product concerning PUFA content.
La protection sociale au service de l'inclusion durable: un impératif européen face à la crise
Authors: Euzéby Chantal 
Published: December 2012

RésuméLe thème de la prévention du risque d'exclusion sociale est devenu crucial dans l’Union européenne du fait des sacrifices sociaux imposés par l'explosion de la dette des Etats membres. Il se situe au carrefour des politiques de l'emploi et de la formation et des réformes visant à adapter les systèmes de protection sociale aux nouvelles données du contexte socio‐économique (vieillissement de la population, instabilité familiale, chômage massif, précarité des emplois, pauvreté au travail, inégalités sociales persistantes ou croissantes). Dans cet article, on cherche à montrer que la promotion de la protection sociale dans une logique d'investissement social constitue un moyen privilégié pour concilier les objectifs d'égalité des chances sur le cycle de vie, de performances économiques dans la durée (gains en compétitivité structurelle) et de renforcement de la cohésion sociale au service du bien‐être collectif. On met en particulier l'accent sur la nécessité de promouvoir des droits universels et individuels à la mobilité et à la formation tout au long de la vie. Ces droits constitueraient des garanties sociales nouvelles en compensation des exigences liées à la flexibilité du marché du travail. Cet article souligne également tout l'intérêt qu'il y aurait à inscrire ces droits à l'échelle de l’Union européenne dans un socle de protection sociale élargi. Cela serait de nature à prévenir durablement le risque d'exclusion dans l’Union, à favoriser l'intégration économique et sociale recherchée depuis la Stratégie de Lisbonne révisée (2003‐2005) et à développer la confiance et l'espérance chez les citoyens européens.
Renforcer la prévention de l'insécurité sociale
Authors: Sinfield Adrian 
Published: December 2012

RésuméDes programmes de sécurité sociale solides, favorisant la sécurité personnelle et collective, peuvent fortement contribuer à prévenir l'insécurité sociale. Ils agissent notamment comme des stabilisateurs automatiques intégrés et apportent des avantages sociaux et économiques à l'ensemble de la société. Des régimes déficients ont en revanche un effet déstabilisant, qui nuit à l'efficacité de la prévention. Les différentes manières dont les régimes de sécurité sociale peuvent contribuer à prévenir l'insécurité sociale et économique sont devenues moins évidentes dans de nombreux pays. Le présent article analyse les raisons de la relative négligence envers la prévention et les changements qui ont conduit à un affaiblissement des éléments préventifs existant dans certains régimes de sécurité sociale. Le contexte structurel dans lequel s’appliquent les politiques de sécurité sociale, notamment la qualité et la quantité de l'emploi, et leurs interactions avec d'autres programmes publics exercent bien évidemment une incidence majeure sur leur capacité de prévention. Leur apport pourrait s’avérer encore plus significatif si l'on s’intéressait plus précisément à ce dont on a besoin pour prévenir l'insécurité. Différentes manières de renforcer le caractère préventif des programmes de sécurité sociale sont proposées afin d'élargir le débat sur ces questions et redonner à l'objectif de la prévention une place centrale.
La protección social y la prevención de enfermedades en los países en desarrollo: determinación de los efectos sanitarios de las pensiones y del seguro de enfermedad
Authors: Lloyd‐Sherlock Peter , Minicuci Nadia , Beard John , Chatterji Somnath 
Published: December 2012

Resumen Este artículo evalúa con qué eficiencia las pensiones y el seguro de enfermedad previenen los problemas de salud de las personas mayores en los países en desarrollo. Hasta hace poco los programas de protección social no prestaban la atención suficiente a la prevención de los riesgos de enfermedad y, en su lugar, se centraban en la reducción de la pobreza a través de transferencias monetarias. El artículo señala que existen pocas pruebas fiables de que el pago de pensiones a las personas mayores mejore su salud y que los responsables de políticas no deberían dar por sentados estos efectos. Más adelante aborda el efecto que ejerce la cobertura de los regímenes de seguro de enfermedad en la situación sanitaria de las personas mayores, con particular referencia a la hipertensión. A partir de datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud recientemente disponibles sobre Ghana, México y Sudáfrica se desprende que las personas mayores con un seguro de enfermedad tienen probabilidades ligeramente superiores de estar al tanto de afecciones como la hipertensión y son más propensos a su tratamiento. No obstante, aseguradas o no, la gran mayoría de las personas mayores con hipertensión no se somete a un tratamiento eficaz. Las observaciones muestran que los principales obstáculos para el tratamiento tienen que ver con la conciencia que las personas puedan tener de su propio estado de salud junto con la accesibilidad al suministro de servicios y no tanto con cuestiones financieras. Por consiguiente, la capacidad de las pensiones o del seguro de enfermedad de mejorar la situación sanitaria de las personas mayores en dichos países, en particular en las zonas rurales, depende en gran parte de la educación sanitaria, de los exámenes médicos y de la prestación adecuada de servicios de salud. Estas medidas deben considerarse parte integrante —y no complementaria— de las estrategias corrientes de protección social. Sin embargo, en la práctica, la protección social y la promoción de la salud siguen tratándose como esferas casi totalmente separadas. Esto genera importantes barreras institucionales para el proyecto de medidas mixtas.
Altered red blood cell distribution width in overweight adolescents and its association with markers of inflammation
Authors: Fujita B. , Strodthoff D. , Fritzenwanger M. , Pfeil A. , Ferrari M. , Goebel B. , Figulla H. R. , Gerdes N. , Jung C. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Red cell distribution width correlates with outcomes in numerous clinical populations.
RDW is elevated in inflammatory states.
Obesity is associated with inflammation.
What this study adds
RDW is elevated in obese adolescents.
RDW represents a potential marker for the presence of metabolic syndrome.
BackgroundObesity and the metabolic syndrome are dramatically increasing problems. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), the variability in size of circulating red blood cells, has been demonstrated to be altered in different clinical settings. This analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between RDW and obesity in adolescents and in an animal model of diet‐induced obesity (DIO).MethodsSeventy‐nine male adolescents (aged 13–17 years) were studied. Thirty‐seven of them were overweight (body mass index ≥ 90th percentile). RDW, markers of inflammation and stem cell factor (SCF) were determined. In an animal study, mice were fed with different diets for 15 weeks. RDW was determined using an animal blood count machine.ResultsRDW differed significantly between normal‐weight adolescents (13.07 ± 0.09) and overweight adolescents (13.39 ± 0.10, P = 0.015), whereas erythrocyte counts and haematocrit did not differ. RDW correlated to markers of inflammation and inversely to SCF. In the mice animal model, nutritional changes increased RDW, whereas overweight per se did not change RDW.ConclusionsRDW is elevated in overweight and reflects the inflammatory state. RDW potentially represents an additional and cost‐effective tool to indicate inflammation. Future studies are needed to understand the differential influences of nutrition and overweight on RDW.
Validity assessment of a portable bioimpedance scale to estimate body fat percentage in White and African–American children and adolescents
Authors: Barreira T. V. , Staiano A. E. , Katzmarzyk P. T. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryObjectiveThe objective of the study was to determine accuracy of the Tanita SC‐240 body composition analyser to measure paediatric percent body fat (%BF).MethodsEighty‐nine African–American and white 5–18‐year‐olds participated in this study. %BF was estimated by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and by the Tanita SC‐240.ResultsOverall %BF was 33.5 ± 10.5% (Tanita SC‐240) vs. 34.5 ± 8.7% (DXA). There was no significant difference between the two measures (P = 0.52, average error = −1.0%, average absolute error = 3.9%). The Tanita mean %BF estimates significantly differed from the DXA mean %BF in white boys (P = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.40) and white girls (P = 0.006, Cohen's d = 0.48), but differences were of small effect. No differences in %BF estimates were found for African–American boys or girls.ConclusionsIn this sample, the Tanita SC‐240 demonstrated acceptable accuracy for estimating %BF when compared with DXA, supporting its use in field studies.
Prevention of Periprocedural Ischemic Stroke and Management of Hemorrhagic Complications in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Under Continuous Warfarin Administration
Authors: KUWAHARA TAISHI , TAKAHASHI ATSUSHI , TAKAHASHI YOSHIHIDE , KOBORI ATUSHI , MIYAZAKI SHINSUKE , TAKEI ASUMI , FUJINO TADASHI , OKUBO KENJI , TAKAGI KATSUMASA , FUJII AKIRA , TAKIGAWA MASATERU , WATARI YUJI , HIKITA HIROYUKI , SATO AKIRA , AONUMA KAZUTAKA 
Published: December 2012

Atrial Fibrillation Ablation on WarfarinIntroductionThis study aimed to determine the effects of continuing warfarin administration during the periprocedural period of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) on the prevention of stroke complications and to evaluate the management of hemorrhagic complications occurring with this approach.Methods and ResultsA total of 3,280 patients undergoing AF catheter ablation at our institution were divided into 2 groups: the first 1,953 patients who discontinued warfarin 3–4 days before AF ablation and were bridged with heparin (warfarin‐discontinued group), and the last 1,327 patients who continued warfarin throughout the periprocedural period (warfarin‐continued group). Symptomatic stroke or transient ischemic attack occurred in 13/1,953 patients (0.67%) in the warfarin‐discontinued group and in 2/1,327 patients (0.15%) in the warfarin‐continued group (P = 0.021). None of the patients with therapeutic international normalized ratio at the time of the procedure had periprocedural thromboembolism in the warfarin‐continued group. Major hemorrhagic complications occurred in 26/1,953 patients in the warfarin‐discontinued group (1.3%; 25 with cardiac tamponade and 1 with retroperitoneal bleeding), and in 15/1,327 patients in the warfarin‐continued group (1.1%; 14 with cardiac tamponade and 1 with abdominal wall bleeding) (P = 0.80). Of the 14 warfarin‐continued patients with cardiac tamponade, 13 were administered prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and vitamin K; the bleeding was stopped safely without surgical repair.ConclusionThe continuation of warfarin during the periprocedural period of AF ablation could reduce the incidence of stroke without increasing hemorrhagic complications. When cardiac tamponade occurred with this approach, it was safely treated with PCC and vitamin K.
Hyperammonemia alters the modulation by different neurosteroids of the glutamate–nitric oxide–cyclic GMP pathway through NMDA‐ GABAA‐ or sigma receptors in cerebellum in vivo
Authors: González‐Usano Alba , Cauli Omar , Agustí Ana , Felipo Vicente 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSeveral neurosteroids modulate the glutamate–nitric oxide (NO)–cGMP pathway in cerebellum through modulation of NMDA‐ GABAA‐ or sigma receptors. Hyperammonemia alters the concentration of several neurosteroids and impairs the glutamate–NO–cGMP pathway, leading to impaired learning ability. This work aimed to assess whether chronic hyperammonemia alters the modulation by different neurosteroids of GABAA, NMDA, and/or sigma receptors and of the glutamate–NO–cGMP pathway in cerebellum. Neurosteroids were administered through microdialysis probes, and extracellular cGMP and citrulline were measured. Then NMDA was administered to assess the effects on the glutamate–NO–cGMP pathway activation. Hyperammonemia completely modifies the effects of pregnanolone and pregnenolone. Pregnanolone acts as a GABAA receptor agonist in controls, but as an NMDA receptor antagonist in hyperammonemic rats. Pregnenolone does not induce any effect in controls, but acts as a sigma receptor agonist in hyperammonemic rats. Hyperammonemia potentiates the actions of tetrahydrodeoxy‐corticosterone (THDOC) as a GABAA receptor agonist, allopregnanolone as an NMDA receptor antagonist, and pregnenolone sulfate as an NMDA receptor activation enhancer. Neurosteroids that reduce the pathway (pregnanolone, THDOC, allopregnanolone, DHEAS) may contribute to cognitive impairment in hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy. Pregnenolone would impair cognitive function in hyperammonemia. Neurosteroids that restore the pathway in hyperammonemia (pregnenolone sulfate) could restore cognitive function in hyperammonemia and encephalopathy.
Periodontal disease as a potential risk factor for the development of diabetes in women with a prior history of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Xiong Xu , Elkind‐Hirsch Karen E. , Xie Yiqiong , Delarosa Robert , Maney Pooja , Pridjian Gabriella , Buekens Pierre 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine if periodontal disease is associated with later development of impaired glucose metabolism in women with a recent history of gestational diabetes (GDM).MethodsWomen with (n = 19) and without (n = 20) a history of GDM were prospectively followed at 22 months postpartum. All subjects underwent: a) a 75‐gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); and b) an oral examination for measuring periodontal disease. Insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β‐cell secretory capacity derived from fasting (HOMA‐IR) and glucose‐stimulated measures (SIOGTT and IGI/HOMA‐IR) were determined. Periodontitis was defined as the presence of any site with a probing depth ≥4 mm or a clinical attachment loss ≥4 mm.ResultsCompared to women without a history of GDM, prior GDM women had significantly higher fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, increased insulin resistance and decreased β‐cell function. Although not statistically significant, prior GDM women had a higher prevalence of periodontal disease (42.1%) than women without a history of GDM (25.0%). Women with periodontal disease showed greater insulin resistance and lower β‐cell function. Women with both prior GDM and periodontal disease had the most impaired glucose metabolism; the insulin secretion‐sensitivity index was significantly lower in women with both prior GDM and periodontal disease (208.20 ± 2.60) than in women without prior GDM and periodontal disease (742.93 ± 1.78) (P < 0.05).ConclusionsWomen with prior GDM show reduced insulin sensitivity and inadequate β‐cell secretory function at 22 months postpartum. Periodontal disease may contribute to their impaired glucose metabolism and future risk of developing diabetes.
Patients’ experience of auricular acupuncture during protracted withdrawal
Authors: Bergdahl L. , Berman A. H. , Haglund K. 
Published: December 2012

Accessible summary
Interest has grown in complementary treatment methods such as acupuncture. In addiction treatment auricular acupuncture has been used to relieve difficult abstinence symptoms. The specific protocol used follows the definition used by the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA).
The report describes 15 patients’ experiences of receiving auricular acupuncture during the abstinence period after elimination of problematic alcohol and illicit drug use.
The patients in the study mainly experienced positive effects of receiving NADA. The greatest gains were a reinforced sense of relaxation and well‐being, peacefulness and harmony, and new behaviours. The treatment supported some of the respondents in staying away from alcohol and drugs and it ameliorated their abstinence symptoms. No one experienced any negative side‐effects.
AbstractOver the last decades interest in using auricular acupuncture for substance dependence care has increased. The specific auricular acupuncture protocol used follows the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) definition. This paper describes patients’ experiences of receiving auricular acupuncture during protracted withdrawal. Interviews were conducted with 15 patients treated at an outpatient clinic for substance dependence. Content analysis was used to analyse the interviews. The analysis resulted in seven categories of positive experiences and seven categories of negative experiences. The positive experiences were: Relaxation and well‐being, Peacefulness and harmony, New behaviours, Positive physical impact, Importance of context, Anxiety reduction and Reduced drug and alcohol consumption. The negative experiences were: Nothing negative, Disturbing context, Short‐term effect, Depending on someone else, Time‐consuming, Physical distractions and Remaining cravings. The conclusion of this study is that all respondents appreciated NADA treatment. This study supports further research on using NADA in addiction treatment to reduce suffering during protracted withdrawal and in other contexts.