bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEO-shareholder incentive alignment around SEOs
Authors: Zhang Yilei , Jiang Yi 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine CEO wealth changes around seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) to explore the shareholder-manager incentive alignment in major corporate equity financing decisions.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors decompose CEO wealth into three major components: price effect, board compensation grant, and CEO’s own portfolio adjustment. The authors then compare SEO-event sample vs non-event samples; and evaluate the dynamic and long-run CEO wealth effect.

Findings
– The authors find when market reacts negatively to SEO announcement leading to losses in CEO’s existing firm-related wealth, CEO gets additional grants to offset the losses. Although this appears to be a rent-seeking activity, the authors find that the additional grants are mainly in the form of stock options which would have no value if stock price failed to pick up in the future. In this sense, the additional grants align the interests between shareholders and managers. Consistent with this argument, the authors show that the additional grants motivate CEOs to promote the stock performance, benefiting themselves as well as shareholders in the long-run.

Originality/value
– The study explicitly calculates the contribution of each wealth component to CEO total wealth effect. The results improve the understanding of CEO compensation policy change after major corporate event and contribute to the literature of the optimality explanation of prevailing compensation policy.
Development of chloroplast markers for Japanese and snow camellias
Authors: Ueno Saneyoshi , Taguchi Yuriko , Tsumura Yoshihiko 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEight chloroplast markers were developed from Japanese and snow camellia (Camellia japonica and C. rusticana). Six markers were based on mononucleotide repeats, while the other two resulted from indels of larger units. Polymorphisms were screened using 15 individuals from all over the Japanese archipelago, including C. japonica, C. japonica var. macrocarpa, C. japonica var. hozanensis, and C. rusticana. Polymorphisms within a single population were searched in 22 and 26 individuals of C. japonica and C. rusticana, respectively. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to three, resulting in eight haplotypes, two of which were specific to C. rusticana. No polymorphisms were detected within a single population for both C. japonica and C. rusticana. The eight markers developed in the present study will be useful for analyzing the genetic diversity and tracing maternal origins of Japanese and snow camellias.
Previous pregnancy loss has an adverse impact on distress and behaviour in subsequent pregnancy
Authors: McCarthy FP , Moss‐Morris R , Khashan AS , North RA , Baker PN , Dekker G , Poston L , McCowan LME , Walker JJ , Kenny LC , O'Donoghue K 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate whether women with previous miscarriages or terminations have higher levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and altered behaviours in a subsequent pregnancy.DesignA retrospective analysis of 5575 women recruited into the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) study, a prospective cohort study.SettingAuckland, New Zealand, Adelaide, Australia, Cork, Ireland, and Manchester, Leeds, and London, UK.PopulationHealthy nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies.MethodsOutcomes were recorded at 15 and 20 weeks of gestation.Main outcome measuresShort‐form State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score, Perceived Stress Scale score, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score, and pregnancy‐related behaviour measured using behavioural responses to pregnancy score.ResultsOf the 5465 women included in the final analysis, 559 (10%) had one and 94 (2%) had two previous miscarriages, and 415 (8%) had one and 66 (1%) had two previous terminations of pregnancy. Women with one previous miscarriage had increased anxiety (adjusted mean difference 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.61–3.09), perceived stress (adjusted mean difference 0.76; 95% CI 0.48–1.03), depression (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.26; 95% CI 1.08–1.45), and limiting/resting behaviour in pregnancy (adjusted mean difference 0.80; 95% CI 0.62–0.97). In women with two miscarriages, depression was more common (aOR 1.65; 95% CI 1.01–2.70) and they had higher scores for limiting/resting behaviour in pregnancy (adjusted mean difference 1.70; 95% CI 0.90–2.53) at 15 weeks of gestation.Women with one previous termination displayed elevated perceived stress (adjusted mean difference 0.65; 95% CI 0.08–1.23) and depression (aOR 1.25; 95% 1.08–1.45) at 15 weeks of gestation. Women with two previous terminations displayed increased perceived stress (adjusted mean difference 1.43; 95% CI 0.00–2.87) and depression (aOR 1.67; 95% 1.28–2.18).ConclusionsThis study highlights the psychological implications of miscarriage and termination of pregnancy.
Mortality in mothers after perinatal loss: a population‐based follow‐up study
Authors: Hvidtjørn D , Wu C , Schendel D , Thorlund Parner E , Brink Henriksen T 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo assess whether mothers who lost a child from stillbirth or in the first week of life have an increased overall mortality and cause‐specific mortality.DesignA population based follow‐up study.SettingData from Danish national registers.PopulationAll mothers in Denmark were included in the cohort at time of their first delivery from 1 January 1980 to 31 December 2008 and followed until 31 December 2009 or death, whichever came first.MethodsThe association between perinatal loss and total and cause‐specific mortality in mothers was estimated with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.Main outcome measuresOverall mortality and cause‐specific mortality.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period, 838 331 mothers in the cohort gave birth to one or more children and 7690 mothers (0.92%) experienced a perinatal loss. During follow‐up, 8883 mothers (1.06%) died. There was an increased overall mortality for mothers who experienced a perinatal loss adjusted for maternal age and educational level, hazard ratio (HR) 1.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55–2.17]. The strongest association was seen in mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with an HR of 2.29 (95% CI 1.48–3.52) adjusted for CVD at time of delivery. We found no association between a perinatal loss and mortality from traumatic causes.ConclusionsMothers who experience a perinatal loss have an increased mortality, especially from CVD.
Effect of exposure to chlorpyrifos on the cuticular and internal lipid composition of Blattella germanica males
Authors: Paszkiewicz Monika , Sikora Agata , Boguś Mieczysława I. , Włóka Emilia , Stepnowski Piotr , Gołębiowski Marek 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe results of our research on the cuticular and internal lipids of Blattella germanica males provide new information on variation in the composition of the cuticular and internal lipids of B. germanica males after exposure to the presence of the insecticide. gas chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analyses were used to identify and quantify the cuticular and internal lipid composition in males and males exposed to insecticide. There were significantly more acids having an even number of carbon atoms in the molecule, and these were also generally in higher concentrations. The following acids were in a higher concentration: C16:0 and C18:1, C18:2, C18:0. In both males and males exposed to insecticide, 24 fatty acids ranging from C6 to C22 were determined. However, there was a significantly higher content of fatty acids in the surface lipids of B. germanica males after exposure to insecticide. Our results indicate a higher content of n‐alkanes, sterols, particularly cholesterol, fatty acids, and fatty acid methyl esters in the B. germanica surface after exposure to chlorpyrifos than in males that were not exposed.
Himalayan wild cherry (Prunus cerasoides) as a new natural host of Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) and a possible role of insect vectors in their transmission
Authors: Awasthi P. , Ram R. , Reddy S.G.E. , Nadda Gireesh , Zaidi A.A. , Hallan V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA Himalayan wild cherry (Hwc) tree (Prunus cerasoides) growing in the vicinity of an already reported Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) infected bamboo (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii) showed severe virus‐like symptoms on the leaves consisting of marginal chlorosis, mosaic, shot holes and necrotic spots. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using virus specific primers confirmed the presence of the virus. In order to assess the prevalence of this virus, 40 symptomatic and asymptomatic Hwc plants along with four different suspected insect vectors were analysed by double antibody sandwich‐enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS‐ELISA), dot blot hybridisation and RT‐PCR. CNRMV was detected in 57% of the wild cherry samples, two aphid species Astegopteryx bambusae and Tinocalloides montanus, and in a delphacid of Bambusiphaga sp. Complete coat protein (CP) gene of CNRMV was sequenced from two randomly selected samples. The isolates characterised from Hwc shared 99% similarity to the already characterised isolates of CNRMV from India, suggesting a conserved nature of the CP gene. This study represents the first report of CNRMV infection in Himalayan wild cherry and its possible insect vectors.
Clinical experience with sunitinib dose escalation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Mitchell Nicola , Fong Peter CC , Broom Reuben J 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe oral multi‐targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib malate is a standard first‐line therapy in clear‐cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Sunitinib is usually administered daily for 4 weeks, followed by 2 weeks without treatment. Some patients experience worsening of disease symptoms during the treatment break. We report three cases of mRCC in whom continuous daily dosing and dose escalation were evaluated. In two cases, sunitinib was well tolerated at doses of 75 mg continuously and in all cases escalation of dose enabled regain of disease control. This suggests that continuous higher daily dosing of sunitinib is feasible and may provide additional clinical benefit for selected patients who experience minimal toxicity on the standard schedule.
Keeping primary care “in the loop”: General practitioners want better communication with specialists and hospitals when caring for people diagnosed with cancer
Authors: Lizama Natalia , Johnson Claire E , Ghosh Manonita , Garg Neeraj , Emery Jonathan D , Saunders Christobel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate general practitioners' (GP) perceptions about communication when providing cancer care.MethodsA self‐report survey, which included an open response section, was mailed to a random sample of 1969 eligible Australian GPs. Content analysis of open response comments pertaining to communication was undertaken in order to ascertain GPs' views about communication issues in the provision of cancer care.ResultsOf the 648 GPs who completed the survey, 68 (10%) included open response comments about interprofessional communication. Participants who commented on communication were a median age of 50 years and worked 33 h/week; 28% were male and 59% practiced in the metropolitan area. Comments pertaining to communication were coded using five non‐mutually exclusive categories: being kept in the loop; continuity of care; relationships with specialists; positive communication experiences; and strategies for improving communication.GPs repeatedly noted the importance of receiving detailed and timely communication from specialists and hospitals, particularly in relation to patients' treatment regimes and follow‐up care. Several GPs remarked that they were left out of “the information loop” and that patients were “lost” or “dumped” after referral.ConclusionWhile many GPs are currently involved in some aspects of cancer management, detailed and timely communication between specialists and GPs is imperative to support shared care and ensure optimal patient outcomes. This research highlights the need for established channels of communication between specialist and primary care medicine to support greater involvement by GPs in cancer care.
Could yoga practice improve treatment‐related side effects and quality of life for women with breast cancer? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pan Yuanqing , Yang Kehu , Wang Yuliang , Zhang Laiping , Liang Haiqing 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimTo determine if yoga as a complementary and alternative therapy was associated with enhanced health and treatment‐related side effects in patients with breast cancer. This systematic review examines whether yoga practice provides any measurable benefit, both physically and psychologically, for women with breast cancer.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) throughout June 2013. We evaluated the quality of the included studies by the Cochrane Handbook 5.2 standards and analyzed the data using the Stata software, version 10.0. Meta‐regression and subgroup analysis were also performed to identify additional predictors of outcome and to assess heterogeneity.ResultsSixteen RCTs with a total of 930 participants were included. Comparing yoga groups to control groups, there was a statistically significant difference in overall health‐related quality of life, depression, anxiety and gastrointestinal symptoms. Meta‐regression analyses revealed that the duration of yoga practice and type of control group partly explained the heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses revealed that yoga had a positive effect on anxiety only when it had been practiced for longer than 3 months. Only the wait‐list control group showed an effect of yoga on physical well‐being.ConclusionThe current evidence demonstrates that yoga practice could be effective in enhancing health and managing some treatment‐related side effects for patients recovering from breast cancer. In future clinical studies, clinicians should consider the patient's wishes along with the current best evidence of the effects of yoga practice in their clinical decision‐making.
Catholic Social Thought and Human Rights
Authors: Calo Zachary R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAs the dominant moral vocabulary of modernity, the language of human rights establishes significant points of contact between the religious and the secular. Yet, the human rights movement increasingly finds itself in a contested relationship with religious ideas and communities. Even as it draws on the inherited moral resources of religion, the human rights movement, at least in its dominant institutional and intellectual expressions, presents itself as a totalizing moral theory that challenges countervailing theological accounts of human rights. This article considers the distinctive account of human rights that has emerged withinCatholic social teaching. Particular attention is given to the process by whichCatholic thinking about human rights has embraced political liberalism while also bounding liberalism within a particularistic theologically‐informed account of the human person.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors and susceptibility to infectious diseases
Authors: Skevaki C , Pararas M , Kostelidou K , Tsakris A , Routsias J G 
Published: January 2015

Summary
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best-studied family of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), whose task is to rapidly recognize evolutionarily conserved structures on the invading microorganisms. Through binding to these patterns, TLRs trigger a number of proinflammatory and anti-microbial responses, playing a key role in the first line of defence against the pathogens also promoting adaptive immunity responses. Growing amounts of data suggest that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the various human TLR proteins are associated with altered susceptibility to infection. This review summarizes the role of TLRs in innate immunity, their ligands and signalling and focuses on the TLR SNPs which have been linked to infectious disease susceptibility.
Leitlinie für die Diagnose, Prävention und Behandlung des Handekzems – Kurzversion
Authors: Diepgen Thomas L. , Andersen Klaus E. , Chosidow Oliver , Coenraads Peter Jan , Elsner Peter , English John , Fartasch Manigé , Gimenez‐ Arnau Ana , Nixon Rosemary , Sasseville Denis , Agner Tove 
Published: January 2015

ZusammenfassungDie Leitlinie gibt evidenz‐ und konsensbasierte Empfehlungen zum Management von Handekzemen. Sie berücksichtigt einen systematischen Cochrane‐Review „Intervention for hand eczema“, der auf einer systematischen Literatursuche (einschließlich Handsuche) basiert. Zusätzlich zu den evidenz‐ und konsensbasierten Empfehlungen zur Therapie von Handekzemen (HE) werden auch überwiegend konsensbasierte Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Prävention (primäre und sekundäre Prävention) gegeben. Die Therapieempfehlungen umfassen nichtmedikamentöse, topische, physikalische und systemische Behandlungsmöglichkeiten.Topische Glukokortikosteroide sind Therapie der ersten Wahl, jedoch wird eine Anwendung über einen Zeitraum länger als sechs Wochen nur in Ausnahmefällen und unter sorgfältiger ärztlicher Kontrolle empfohlen. Alitretinoin wird als Therapie der zweiten Wahl (nach topischen Glukokortikosteroiden) für Patienten mit schweren chronischen Handekzemen empfohlen. Für andere systemische Therapieverfahren fehlen derzeit randomisierte klinische Studien (RCTs). Ein direkter Therapievergleich der unterschiedlichen systemischen Medikamente in RCTs wird gefordert.Die Leitlinie wurde von einer Arbeitsgruppe der European Contact Dermatitis Society (ESCD) in einem öffentlichen Prozess mit dem Ziel entwickelt, aufgrund des derzeitigen Erkenntnistandes evidenz‐ und konsensbasierte Empfehlungen zu geben. Die Konsenskonferenzen wurden von einer professionellen Moderatorin der AWMF (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der medizinischen Wissenschaften) geleitet.Eine finanzielle Unterstützung durch die pharmazeutische Industrie erfolgte nicht. Die Leitlinie ist bis Dezember 2017 gültig.
Photodynamic therapy – Aspects of pain management
Authors: Fink Christine , Enk Alexander , Gholam Patrick 
Published: January 2015

SummaryTopical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly effective and safe treatment method for actinic keratoses with an excellent cosmetic outcome and is commonly used for the therapy of large areas of photodamaged skin with multiple clinically manifest and subclinical lesions. However, the major drawback of photodynamic therapy is the pain experienced during the treatment that can be intense and sometimes even intolerable for patients, requiring interruption or termination of the process. Several strategies for controlling pain during photodynamic therapy have been studied but few effective methods are currently available. Therefore, this review puts the spotlight on predictors on pain intensity and aspects of pain management during photodynamic therapy.
Evaluation of blood parameters for the monitoring of erythrodermic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Vandersee Staffan , Humme Daniel , Terhorst Dorothea , Almohamad Anis , Möbs Markus , Beyer Marc 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesErythrodermic cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas are aggressive diseases posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Numerous indicators for confirming diagnosis and disease‐monitoring have been proposed. CD26‐negativity of peripheral CD4+ T‐cells has been reported to have these properties. Our aim was to test, if the CD4+ T‐cell count, fraction of CD26‐ or CD7‐negative CD4+ T‐cells during the course of disease are valuable markers to predict therapeutic efficacy or disease progression in relation to changes in skin status.Patients and MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis of eleven patients treated at a tertiary referral centre. Statistics were done by linear regression analysis and logrank test.ResultsFive patients displayed response to therapy in the skin, nine in the blood. Patients with cutaneous response showed a decrease of CD4+ T‐cells, preceding the clinical response in most patients, whereas the percentage of CD26‐negative T‐cells changed first during clinical improvement. The calculated positive predictive values for response or progression were low for both CD4‐count and CD26‐expression.ConclusionsCD26 is not a reliable marker of either response or progression. As cutaneous response was always associated with a response in blood and not vice versa, we conclude, that the clinical status represents the most important parameter for guiding therapeutic decisions.
Evaluation von Laborparametern für das Monitoring bei erythrodermischen kutanen T‐Zell‐Lymphomen
Authors: Vandersee Staffan , Humme Daniel , Terhorst Dorothea , Almohamad Anis , Möbs Markus , Beyer Marc 
Published: January 2015

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und Ziel der Studie: Erythrodermische kutane T‐Zell‐Lymphome stellen als aggressive Erkrankungen besondere diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderungen dar. Eine Reihe von Markern für die Diagnose und Verlaufskontrolle sind bereits vorgeschlagen worden, unter anderem eine fehlende CD26‐Expression peripherer CD4+‐T‐Zellen.Unser Ziel war es, zu testen, ob die CD4+‐T‐Zell‐zahl und die Fraktion CD26‐ oder CD7‐negativer CD4+‐T‐Zellen im Krankheitsverlauf geeignet sind, das therapeutische Ergebnis und die Progression der Erkrankung in Relation zu auftretenden Hautsymptomen vorauszusagen.Patienten und Methodik: Retrospektive Kohortenstudie an einem Krankenhaus der Maximalversorgung; die statistische Analyse erfolgte mittels linearer Regressionsanalyse und einem Log‐Rank‐Test.Ergebnis: Bei fünf Patienten sprachen die Hautsymptome auf die Therapie an, bei neun Patienten die Laborparameter. Bei Patienten mit einem kutanen Ansprechen trat eine Reduktion der CD4+‐T‐Zell‐zahl auf, die in den meisten Fällen dem klinischen Ansprechen vorausging, wohingegen es erst mit der klinischen Besserung zu einem Ansprechen der CD26‐negativen T‐Zellen kam. Die berechneten positiven prädiktiven Werte für ein Ansprechen oder eine Progression der Erkrankung waren sowohl für die CD4‐Zellzahl als auch für die CD26‐Expression niedrig.Schlussfolgerung: CD26 ist kein verlässlicher Marker für ein Ansprechen oder eine Progression der Erkrankung. Da das kutane Ansprechen stets mit einem Ansprechen der Laborparameter assoziiert war, jedoch nicht umgekehrt, folgern wir, dass dem klinischen Status bei therapeutischen Entscheidungen die wesentliche Bedeutung zukommt.
Exploiting natural killer cells for therapy of melanoma
Authors: Hölsken Oliver , Miller Matthias , Cerwenka Adelheid 
Published: January 2015

SummaryDuring the recent years, immunotherapy has obtained substantial impact on the clinical treatment of melanoma. Besides promising approaches based on T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells have gained more and more attention as anti‐melanoma effector cells. NK cell activation is inhibited by HLA class I molecules expressed by target cells, so they preferentially attack tumor cells that express low levels of HLA class I. Partial or complete loss of HLA class I expression is a frequent event during the development of melanoma. In parallel, ligands for activating NK cell receptors become induced upon malignant transformation. Thus, melanoma cells are often efficiently recognized and lysed by NK cells at least in vitro. In vivo, however, melanomas have developed multiple sophisticated strategies to escape from NK cell mediated attack. Several novel approaches aim at harnessing NK cells to treat melanoma patients and to counteract existing tumor escape mechanisms. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the field.