bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Thioamides.
Authors: Yu Hailei , Liu Xuliang , Ding Lei , Yang Qin , Rong Bin , Gao Ang , Zhao Baoguo , Yang Haifeng 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe process is successful with various aryl bromides and phenyl iodide (IIa) and affords functionalized thioamide structures with moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Benzenes via Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Benzannulation of Cyclobutenols with Alkynes.
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Miura Norio 
Published: September 2013

Abstract1,2,3,5‐Tetrasubstituted benzenes are synthesized by a formal [4 + 2] benzannulation between 1,3‐disubstituted cyclobutenols and internal alkynes using rhodium(I) complexes as catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Ethyl 1,3‐Disubstituted‐1,6‐dihydropyrrolo[2,3‐c]pyrazole‐5‐carboxylates.
Authors: Gu Lijun , Li Xiangguang 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOptimum reaction conditions are examined for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) from substituted pyrazoles of type (I) and ethyl isocyanoacetate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalyzed Enantioselective Intermolecular [3 + 2] Dipolar Cycloaddition of N‐Allenyl Amides with Nitrones.
Authors: Li Guo‐Hua , Zhou Wen , Li Xiao‐Xiao , Bi Qing‐Wei , Wang Zhen , Zhao Zhi‐Gang , Hu Wen‐Xiang , Chen Zili 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA novel and practical protocol for the Au‐catalyzed enantioselective [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition of N‐allenyl amides with nitrones using modified BINOL‐derived chiral phosphoramidate as ligands is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Some New Triazol‐3‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Mentese Emre , Oezil Musa , Karaoglu Senguel Alpay , Kahveci Bahittin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSeveral title compounds of type (III), (V), and (VII) are prepared under microwaves irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Acyl‐5,8‐quinolinediols by Photo‐Friedel—Crafts Acylation Using Sunlight.
Authors: De Leon Fernando , Kalagara Sudhakar , Navarro Ashley A. , Mito Shizue 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe reaction of quinoline‐5,8‐dione with aldehydes proceeds with high regioselectivity to give 6‐acylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Traceless Synthetic Approach Towards Oxaza‐dicyclopenta[a,h]naphthalenes under Solvent‐Free Condition: A Basic Alumina Supported Green Protocol.
Authors: Paira Rupankar , Mondal Shyamal , Chowdhury Arpan , Banerjee Maitreyee , Maity Arindam , Hazra Abhijit , Mondal Nirup B. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe preparation of the target system (V), which is required for DNA studies, involves initial deprotonation of substrates (III) by basic alumina, trapping of the resulting 1,3‐dipole with acetylenic esters and subsequent aromatization.
Development and in vitro Evaluation of Antigen‐Loaded Poly(amidoamine) Nanoparticles for Respiratory Epithelium Applications
Authors: Coué Grégory , Hermanns Iris , Unger Ronald E. , Kirkpatrick C. James , Engbersen Johan F. J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA poly(amidoamine) with disulfide linkages in the main chain and 4‐hydroxybutyl and ω‐carboxy‐PEG groups (9:1 ratio) as side chains was prepared by Michael addition polymerization of cystamine bisacrylamide with 4‐hydroxybutylamine and ω‐carboxy‐PEG‐amine. To develop therapeutic protein formulations for improved delivery of antigen via the intranasal route, nanoparticles were prepared from this polymer by self‐assembly with p24 or ovalbumin as the model proteins and CpG as the adjuvant. The nanoparticles incorporated the antigens and adjuvant from the feed solution with high efficiency (∼90 %) and have sizes of 112 and 169 nm, respectively, with low positive surface charge (∼+2 mV). Formulations of the nanoparticles were shown to be nontoxic and stable for at least 10 days at room temperature. Their capacity to pass through epithelial and endothelial cell layers was evaluated in vitro by using a respiratory mucosa‐like barrier model in which monolayers of NCI H441 respiratory epithelial cells and ISO‐HAS‐1 endothelial cells were co‐cultured on both sides of a transwell filter membrane. It was shown that p24 incorporated in the nanoparticles was transported with >140 % greater efficiency through the two contact‐inhibited layers than p24 in its free form, whereas incorporation of ovalbumin in the nanoparticles leads to a 40 % decrease in transport efficiency relative to the free antigen.
A multiscale SPH particle model of the near‐wall dynamics of leukocytes in flow
Authors: Gholami Babak , Comerford Andrew , Ellero Marco 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYA novel multiscale Lagrangian particle solver based on SPH is developed with the intended application of leukocyte transport in large arteries. In such arteries, the transport of leukocytes and red blood cells can be divided into two distinct regions: the bulk flow and the near‐wall region. In the bulk flow, the transport can be modeled on a continuum basis as the transport of passive scalar concentrations. Whereas in the near‐wall region, specific particle tracking of the leukocytes is required and lubrication forces need to be separately taken into account. Because of large separation of spatio‐temporal scales involved in the problem, simulations of red blood cells and leukocytes are handled separately. In order to take the exchange of leukocytes between the bulk fluid and the near‐wall region into account, solutions are communicated through coupling of conserved quantities at the interface between these regions. Because the particle tracking is limited to those leukocytes lying in the near‐wall region only, our approach brings considerable speedup to the simulation of leukocyte circulation in a test geometry of a backward‐facing step, which encompasses many flow features observed in vivo. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
T helper cells plasticity in inflammation
Authors: Cosmi Lorenzo , Maggi Laura , Santarlasci Veronica , Liotta Francesco , Annunziato Francesco 
Published: September 2013

AbstractsCD4+ T cells can be subdivided from a functional point of view into two main subsets: effector cells, which provide protection against exogenous offending agents, and regulatory T (Treg) cells whose function is to avoid autoimmune reactions and to stop the effector response against exogenous antigens, when the response itself becomes dangerous for the host. Human effector CD4+ T lymphocytes can be additionally classified into lineages based mainly on their immunological functions that are supported by distinct profile of cytokine, transcription factor, and homing receptors expression. In the last years, beyond the well known populations of human T helper (Th) lymphocytes, Th1 and Th2 cells, other populations have been discovered and phenotypically characterized. These include the Th17 subset, which is certainly the most intensively studied, but also Th22, Th9, and T follicular helper (Tfh) lymphocytes. In addition to their protective functions, these T helper populations are also involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory immune‐mediated disorders. Th1 and Th17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of organ‐specific autoimmune diseases and other chronic inflammatory disorders, whereas allergen‐specific Th2 lymphocytes play a crucial role in allergy. Although classically viewed as distinct lineages, recent evidence indicate that CD4+ T cells, particularly the Th17 subset, are more plastic than previously thought. It is not fully understood how often such plasticity occurs in the course of physiologic responses to pathogens and what its importance is in protective immunity, but in inflammatory conditions Th17 lymphocytes that have shifted towards a Th1 or Th2 phenotype, acquiring the ability to produce IFN‐γ or IL‐4, and seem to be particularly aggressive and more pathogenic than the unshifted cells. In this context, the possibility to interfere with this modulation of phenotype can be considered a possible target for developing novel therapeutic strategies in the above mentioned diseases. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Indirect effects of domestic and wild herbivores on butterflies in an African savanna
Authors: Wilkerson Marit L. , Roche Leslie M. , Young Truman P. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIndirect interactions driven by livestock and wild herbivores are increasingly recognized as important aspects of community dynamics in savannas and rangelands. Large ungulate herbivores can both directly and indirectly impact the reproductive structures of plants, which in turn can affect the pollinators of those plants. We examined how wild herbivores and cattle each indirectly affect the abundance of a common pollinator butterfly taxon, Colotis spp., at a set of long‐term, large herbivore exclosure plots in a semiarid savanna in central Kenya. We also examined effects of herbivore exclusion on the main food plant of Colotis spp., which was also the most common flowering species in our plots: the shrub Cadaba farinosa. The study was conducted in four types of experimental plots: cattle‐only, wildlife‐only, cattle and wildlife (all large herbivores), and no large herbivores. Across all plots, Colotis spp. abundances were positively correlated with both Cadaba flower numbers (adult food resources) and total Cadaba canopy area (larval food resources). Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that floral resources drove the abundance of Colotis butterflies. Excluding browsing wildlife increased the abundances of both Cadaba flowers and Colotis butterflies. However, flower numbers and Colotis spp. abundances were greater in plots with cattle herbivory than in plots that excluded all large herbivores. Our results suggest that wild browsing herbivores can suppress pollinator species whereas well‐managed cattle use may benefit important pollinators and the plants that depend on them. This study documents a novel set of ecological interactions that demonstrate how both conservation and livelihood goals can be met in a working landscape with abundant wildlife and livestock.
Ten Session Body Image Therapy: Efficacy of a Manualised Body Image Therapy
Authors: Morgan John F. , Lazarova Stanimara , Schelhase Monique , Saeidi Saeideh 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of 10 session body image therapy (BAT‐10) in the treatment of anorexia nervosa with adherence to the methodological guidance for complex interventions.MethodFifty‐five adult inpatients with anorexia nervosa at two national centres received the group‐based manualised body‐image therapy (BAT‐10). BAT‐10 was refined, developed and manualised over two decades, by using the mindfulness‐based cognitive behavioural therapy, including mirror exposure. Outcomes were evaluated using Body Checking Questionnaire, Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire, Physical Appearance State and Trait Anxiety Scale, Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire and Quality of Life in Eating Disorders. Participant experience was evaluated qualitatively by an interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsTen session body image therapy achieved highly statistically significant changes in body checking, body avoidance and anxiety, as well as shape‐concern and weight‐concern, without the between‐therapist effects. The quality of life improved globally but not in relation to the psychological subcategory.DiscussionTen session body image therapy delivers behavioural and cognitive improvements in body image in the short‐term, suggesting an effective, feasible and acceptable manual‐based therapy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Understanding bioavailability and toxicity of sediment-associated contaminants by combining passive sampling with in vitro bioassays in an urban river catchment
Authors: Li Juan-Ying , Tang Janet Yat Man , Jin Ling , Escher Beate I. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Bioavailable and bioaccessible fractions of sediment-associated contaminants are considered as better dose metrics for sediment-quality assessment than total concentrations. The authors applied exhaustive solvent extraction and nondepletive equilibrium sampling techniques to sediment samples collected along the Brisbane River in South East Queensland, Australia, which range from pristine environments to urban and industry-impacted areas. The wide range of chemicals expected prevents comprehensive chemical analysis, but a battery of cell-based bioassays sheds light on mixture effects of chemicals in relation to various modes of toxic action. Toxic effects were expressed as bioanalytical equivalent concentrations (BEQs) normalized to the organic carbon content of each sediment sample. Bioanalytical equivalent concentrations from exhaustive extraction agreed fairly well with values estimated from polydimethylsiloxane passive sampling extracts via the constant organic carbon to polydimethylsiloxane partition coefficient. Agreement was best for bioassays indicative of photosynthesis inhibition and oxidative stress response and discrepancy within a factor of 3 for the induction of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. For nonspecific cytotoxicity, BEQ from exhaustive extraction were 1 order of magnitude higher than values from equilibrium sampling, possibly because of coextraction of bioactive natural organic matter that led to an overestimation of toxicity in the exhaustive extracts, which suggests that passive sampling is better suited in combination with bioanalytical assessment than exhaustive extraction. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2888–2896. © 2013 SETAC
Recovery based on plot experiments is a poor predictor of landscape-level population impacts of agricultural pesticides
Authors: Topping Christopher John , Kjær Lene Jung , Hommen Udo , Høye Toke Thomas , Preuss Thomas G. , Sibly Richard M. , van Vliet Peter 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Current European Union regulatory risk assessment allows application of pesticides provided that recovery of nontarget arthropods in-crop occurs within a year. Despite the long-established theory of source-sink dynamics, risk assessment ignores depletion of surrounding populations and typical field trials are restricted to plot-scale experiments. In the present study, the authors used agent-based modeling of 2 contrasting invertebrates, a spider and a beetle, to assess how the area of pesticide application and environmental half-life affect the assessment of recovery at the plot scale and impact the population at the landscape scale. Small-scale plot experiments were simulated for pesticides with different application rates and environmental half-lives. The same pesticides were then evaluated at the landscape scale (10 km × 10 km) assuming continuous year-on-year usage. The authors' results show that recovery time estimated from plot experiments is a poor indicator of long-term population impact at the landscape level and that the spatial scale of pesticide application strongly determines population-level impact. This raises serious doubts as to the utility of plot-recovery experiments in pesticide regulatory risk assessment for population-level protection. Predictions from the model are supported by empirical evidence from a series of studies carried out in the decade starting in 1988. The issues raised then can now be addressed using simulation. Prediction of impacts at landscape scales should be more widely used in assessing the risks posed by environmental stressors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1499–1507. © 2014 SETAC
Assessment of heavy metal contamination and bioaccumulation in soybean plants from mining and smelting areas of southern Hunan Province, China
Authors: Zhou Hang , Zeng Min , Zhou Xin , Liao Bo-Han , Liu Jun , Lei Ming , Zhong Qian-Yun , Zeng Hui 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Soybean is one of most important dicotyledonous food crops and is widely planted in Hunan Province, China. However, mining activity causes contamination of the soil in which soybean grows. To assess the impact of mining-induced soil contamination on soybean plants, a geoaccumulation index (Igeo) was used to evaluate 20 soil samples from the mining and smelting areas of southern Hunan Province. The results indicated that Zn ranged from uncontaminated to a moderately contaminated level (Igeo &lt; 1), Pb was at a strongly contaminated level (Igeo &gt; 3), and Cd was at an extremely contaminated level (Igeo &gt; 5) across the whole study area. All of the studied soybean plants were affected by heavy metal Pb and Cd contamination, and the mean concentrations in seeds were 13.9 mg/kg and 2.95 mg/kg, respectively. The estimated bioconcentration factor and translocation factor showed that the soybean roots had a strong Cd bioconcentration capability and the stems had a strong translocation capability in terms of Pb, Cd, and Zn, with preferential transference of metals to the soybean leaves. The bioavailable fraction in the soil was characterized by the exchangeable fraction of heavy metals. In the present study, the bioavailable fractions of Pb, Cd, and Zn were significantly positively correlated with the concentration of these metals in soybean tissues (roots, stems, leaves, husks, and seeds). Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2719–2727. © 2013 SETAC
Gas chromatography–olfactometry and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of fresh cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis Naudin) aroma
Authors: Wang Ying , Lin Jianming 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough volatile aroma compounds of melon have been extensively studied, knowledge of cantaloupe aroma‐impact compounds is still ambiguous, inconsistent and incomplete. In this study an authentic aroma extract of fresh cantaloupe, or muskmelon, was obtained using a room temperature sample preparation method combining solid phase extraction and gel permeation chromatography. Thirty‐three compounds were determined as aroma‐impact compounds of the cantaloupe sample by gas chromatography–olfactometry analysis of the aroma extract. The six most important cantaloupe aroma‐impact compounds determined in this study were ethyl 2‐(methylthio)acetate (fruity), (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate (fruity), (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol (green), (E)‐6‐nonen‐1‐ol (creamy, sweet), γ‐octalactone (sweet, lactonic), and (Z,Z)‐(3,6)‐nonadien‐1‐ol (melon). (E,E)‐2,6‐Nonadienal, (E)‐6‐nonen‐1‐ol, ethyl acrylate, (Z)‐1,5‐octadien‐3‐ol, (Z)‐2‐nonenal and trans‐4,5‐epoxy‐(E)‐2‐decenal were identified in muskmelon for the first time. Using a sensitive and selective gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) method with a synthesized reference compound, (Z,Z)‐3,6‐nonadienyl acetate was unambiguously identified in cantaloupe for the first time. However, the presence of (Z,Z)‐3,6‐nonadienal in cantaloupe was not confirmed by the GC‐MS/MS analysis. Better understanding of a natural product aroma requires strategic selection of samples, a combination of complementary sample preparation methods, as well as advanced analytical techniques. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroimaging and neurocognitive abnormalities associated with bipolar disorder in old age
Authors: Rej Soham , Butters Meryl A. , Aizenstein Howard J. , Begley Amy , Tsay Jawad , Reynolds Charles F. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Gildengers Ariel 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesCognitive dysfunction is prevalent in older adults with bipolar disorder (BD). High white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden, a marker of white matter disease, detected on T2/fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been consistently reported in BD across all age ranges, including older adults. Yet, whether high WMH burden is related to the excess cognitive impairment present in older adults with BD is unknown. Therefore, we examine whether higher WMH burden is related to worse cognitive function in older adults with BD.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of 27 non‐demented BD patients aged ≥50 years and 12 similarly aged mentally healthy comparators (controls). Subjects underwent both brain MRI and comprehensive neurocognitive assessment. We employed correlational analyses to evaluate the burden of WMH and the relationship between WMH and cognitive function.ResultsAlthough BD subjects had worse performance in all cognitive domains, BD subjects had less total WMH burden (t[13.4] = −3.57, p = 0.003). In control subjects, higher WMH was related to lower global cognitive function (ρ = −0.57, n = 12, p = 0.05). However, WMH did not correlate with neuropsychological performance in BD subjects. Further, BD and control subjects did not differ with respect to total gray and hippocampal volumes.ConclusionsCognitive dysfunction in late‐life BD does not appear to be due primarily to processes related to increased WMH or reduced gray matter volume. Future longitudinal studies should examine other potential neuroprogressive pathways such as inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, serum anticholinergic burden, and altered neurogenesis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sweet Fairytale: Carbohydrates as Backbones for Glyconanomedicine
Authors: Mizrahy Shoshy , Landesman‐Milo Dalit , Peer Dan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe use of nanoparticles (NPs) in medical applications is rapidly growing, with more than 30 NP‐based drugs approved for clinical use. Different building blocks are used to generate NPs for drug and imaging delivery tasks. Among them, carbohydrates represent an exciting option that is currently being exploited in vivo and in clinical trials. Carbohydrates have excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and low cost. In addition, the ease of chemical modification enables the preparation of a wide collection of NPs for a variety of tasks. Here, we will describe the properties of common carbohydrates and the main mechanisms for carbohydrates‐based NP preparation and discuss several key concepts from the physicochemical and structural features of NP‐based carbohydrates for pre‐clinical and clinical applications.