bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced InSAR Technology for Reservoir Monitoring and Geomechanical Model Calibration
Authors: Del Conte Sara , Tamburini Andrea , Cespa Stefano , Rucci Alessio , Ferretti Alessandro 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Satellite SAR Interferometry (InSAR) has been widely used in recent decades to monitor earth surface displacements. Changes at ground surface level can be detected by simply comparing subsequent measurements of the satellite to ground distance. Although the basic idea is quite simple, the development of reliable InSAR algorithms was a long process as significant noise effects due to atmospheric phase delay and decorrelation phenomena had to be resolved. In 1999, the first results of the so- called Permanent Scatterer technique (PSInSAR), enabling the estimation and removal of atmospheric effects exploiting long temporal series of SAR acquisitions, was presented by the SAR group of Politecnico di Milano technical university. This approach meant moving from qualitative aerial information (InSAR) to quantitative information on a selected set of points (permanent/persistent scatterers) could be achieved, each measured to millimeter precision.
Further improvement in processing algorithms (i.e. SqueeSAR technique) have enhanced the spatial density of measurement points (Permanent Scatterers and Distributed Scatterers) also providing more effective filtering of the atmospheric artifacts. The availability of new high resolution satellites (i.e. COSMO-SkyMed and TerraSAR-X) has recently improved the monitoring capabilities up to monthly or weekly updates.
Thanks to the capability of providing high precision and high areal density surface displacement measurements over long periods of time Advanced InSAR technology represents one of the most valuable and cost-effective techniques for precisely monitoring surface deformation over hydrocarbon exploitation areas.
Volumetric changes in reservoirs due to fluid extraction and injection can induce surface deformations, which can highlight phenomena such as reservoir compartmentalization and fault reactivation. Monitoring such deformation can lead to a better understanding of the reservoir dynamics and can also provide valuable constraints for modeling reservoir behavior with the final goal of improving recovery factors.
Selected case studies in the Middle East and Caspian area are presented to highlight the effectiveness of advanced satellite Interferometry in reservoir monitoring, supporting the identification of fault-bounded reservoir compartments, the calibration of hydrocarbon reservoir geo-mechanical models and reservoir exploitation strategies.
Use of Electric Downhole Heaters to Improve Production and Recovery of Heavy, Viscous Oil in California and Venezuela
Authors: Ojeda Samuel S. , Parman David G. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This paper will combine field results from two heavy and high viscosity crudes - one in Venezuela and the other in California. Electric Downhole Heating (EDH) systems were used to lower the viscosity of oil in the reservoirs to increase the flow rates of crude and improve the oil recovery. EDH systems are very efficient, reliable, and easily controlled solution to allow production of heavy, high viscosity oils. The total system is very space efficient both downhole and on the surface.
Microbial Control Management for Oil and Gas Recovery Operation
Authors: Sianawati Emerentiana , Yin Bei , Williams Terry , McGinley Heather , Nair Subhash 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Description
Hydrocarbon recovery operations use large amounts of water, some of which is routinely treated with biocides to control microbes both topside and downhole. Recent studies have demonstrated that this strategy for microbial control is not always effective. Without a comprehensive microbial control management program, microorganisms proliferate and may adversely affect recovery operations, damage physical assets, and decrease hydrocarbon quality. For example, in situ growth of microorganisms causes souring, plugs the formation, and increases microbially influenced corrosion (MIC). Microbial challenge testing was carried out to compare efficacies of selected commercially-available biocides and new products with better sustainability profiles to resolve these pertinent microbial problems. Whenever possible, the testing conditions simulated those in formations or pipelines.

Applications
Water and some chemical additives used in hydrocarbon recovery serve as nutrients for microorganisms, supporting large populations that result in the formation of biofilm, increased the risk of MIC, and decrease the quality and production efficiency of hydrocarbons. Therefore, it is essential to implement an effective microbial control program for both top-side operations and downhole reservoirs.

Results and Conclusions
A microbial audit of a fractured North American shale gas well identified high microorganism counts in the flow-back water and in the injection water. The incumbent biocide only offered inhibitory effects for less than seven days. Laboratory studies identified more effective treatments to control planktonic bacteria, reduce souring, and control MIC-associated microbes. If the most effective chemistries were employed, often in combinations, effective control of the indigenous microbial community could be maintained for prolonged periods while reducing the environmental footprint of the treatments.

Technical Contributions
Effective microbial control in hydrocarbon recovery operations can be attained by tailoring appropriate biocides to specific sites, alone and in combination, to reduce or eliminate microbially-based problems, protect physical assets, and reduce harm to the environment.
Stem Cells for Periodontal Regeneration
Authors: Pejcic A. , Kojovic D. , Mirkovic D. , Minic I. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Periodontal regeneration is considered to be biologically possible but clinically unpredictable. In periodontitis, inflammation manifests clinically as loss of supporting periodontal tissues and regeneration of damaged tissue is the main goal of treatment. For decades, periodontists have sought to repair the damage through a variety of surgical procedures, and use of grafting materials and growth factors, and of barrier membranes. Reports have emerged that demonstrate which populations of adult stem cells reside in the periodontal ligaments of humans and other animals. This opens the way for new cell-based therapies for perio-dontal regeneration. This review provides an overview of adult human stem cells and their potential use in perio-dontal regeneration.
Human Ring Chromosomes – New Insights for their Clinical Significance
Authors: Guilherme R.S. , Klein E , Hamid A.B. , Bhatt S , Volleth M , Polityko A , Kulpanovich A , Dufke A , Albrecht B , Morlot S , Brecevic L , Petersen M.B. , Manolakos E , Kosyakova N , Liehr T 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Twenty-nine as yet unreported ring chromosomes were characterized in detail by cytogenetic and molecular techniques. For FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) previously published high resolution approaches such as multicolor banding (MCB), subcentromere-specific multi-color-FISH (cenM-FISH) and two to three-color-FISH applying locus-specific probes were used. Overall, ring chromosome derived from chromosomes 4 (one case), 10 (one case), 13 (five cases), 14, (three cases), 18 (two cases), 21 (eight cases), 22 (three cases), X (five cases) and Y (one case) were studied. Eight cases were detected prenatally, eight due developmental delay and dysmorphic signs, and nine in connection with infertility and/or Turner syndrome. In general, this report together with data from the literature, supports the idea that ring chromosome patients fall into two groups: group one with (severe) clinical signs and symptoms due to the ring chromosome and group two with no obvious clinical problems apart from infertility.
Associations Between Variations in TPH1, TPH2 and SLC6A4 Genes and Postpartum Depression: A Study in the Jordanian Population
Authors: Khabour O.F. , Amarneh B.H. , Bani Hani E.A. , Lataifeh I.M. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract In this study, we investigated the association between tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH1) (218A>C), tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) (1463G>A) and serotonin carrier family 6, member 4 (SLC6A4) [long (L) vs. short (S)] gene polymorphisms with postpartum depression (PPD) in women from Jordan. A total of 370 postpartum (130 depressed and 240 non depressed) women volunteered for the study. Genotyping was carried out using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for TPH1, amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) for TPH2 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SLC6A4 S and L. The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale was used to screen postpartum women. Both S and L alleles of SLC6A4 are common in Jordanian women (about 51.0 and 49.0%, respectively), while allele TPH1-218C is more common (64.0%) than allele A (37.0%). Regarding TPH2, allele A is absent from the examined women. None of the examined polymorphisms were found to be associated with PPD (p >0.05). However, depression history, pregnancy problems and economic status were found to be significantly associated with PPD (p <0.05). The results suggest that TPH1, TPH2 and SLC6A4 S and L polymorphisms do not seem to be important in Jordan for predisposing to PPD.
Lack of Association Between Variants within the AHSG, HCRT and NPY2R Genes and Anthropometrical Parameters in Czech Post-Monica Study
Authors: Jurcikova L , Adamkova V , Lanska V , Suchanek P , Hubacek J.A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of candidate genes α2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG, rs4917), Hypocretin (HCRT, rs760282) and Neuropetide Y2 receptor (NPY2R, rs 1047214), which are known to have a potential effect on body mass index (BMI) and other indicators of obesity. A population study was performed in 2007/2008 on 2559 adults (1191 males and 1368 females) from the Czech post-MONICA project. The SNPs were examined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. We did not find any significant association between the examined SNPs and BMI across the whole population. A significantly lower triglyceride level was found in the AHSG gene CC homozygotes compared to T allele carriers in the entire population (p = 0.009). In conclusion, we are not able to confirm the hypothesis that polymorphisms within the AHSG, HCRT and NPY2R genes are major genetic determinants of BMI and plasma lipids in the Czech-Slavonic population.
Preliminary Findings of α-Actinin-3 Gene Distribution in Elite Turkish Wind Surfers
Authors: Ulucan K , Göle S , Altindas N , Güney A.I. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Periodontal regeneration is considered to be biologically possible but clinically unpredictable. In periodontitis, inflammation manifests clinically as loss of supporting periodontal tissues and regeneration of damaged tissue is the main goal of treatment. For decades, periodontists have sought to repair the damage through a variety of surgical procedures, and use of grafting materials and growth factors, and of barrier membranes. Reports have emerged that demonstrate which populations of adult stem cells reside in the periodontal ligaments of humans and other animals. This opens the way for new cell-based therapies for perio-dontal regeneration. This review provides an overview of adult human stem cells and their potential use in perio-dontal regeneration.
Specific cell-mediated immune response in rabbits immunised and infected with Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Authors: Wojcicka-Lorenowicz Katarzyna , Kostro Krzysztof , Taszkun Iwona 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Deep crusty dermatophytosis was demonstrated in 10-week-old rabbits naturally and experimentally infected with T. mentagrophytes. Moreover, specific cell-mediated immune response in T. mentagrophytes-infected rabbits occurrd in two phases. During the presence of clinical symptoms of trichophytosis, slightly positive results of leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LMIF) assay were noted, whereas the highest values were observed during spontaneous regression of fungal lesions and complete recovery. The slightly positive LMIF values in rabbits with fungal lesions reflect the mechanism of cell-mediated immune response during T. mentagrophytes infection. On the other hand, the highest positive LMIF values during spontaneous recovery indicate that regression of fungal lesions is attributed to acquired specific cellular immunity. The findings also confirm that the used vaccine against trichophytosis quite strongly stimulates the cell-mediated immune mechanisms, which is confirmed by positive LMIF values in immunised rabbits.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-27 – like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the mucosal layer of canine gastrointestinal tract in physiology and during inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Gonkowski Sławomir , Rychlik Andrzej , Całka Jarosław 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Changes in the density of mucosal pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-27 -like immunoreactive (PACAP-27 - LI) nerve fibers within various parts of the canine gastrointestinal (GI) tract during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were investigated. The distribution of nerves were studied, using a single-labelling immunofluorescence technique, in the mucosal layer of canine stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and descending colon. Canine IBD caused an increase in the density of PACAP- 27-LI mucosal nerves in all studied parts of GI tract. The results suggest that PACAP in the nervous system may be involved in pathological processes during IBD.
Analysis of proapoptotic changes in boar spermatozoa stored at 16 °C in different short-term semen extenders
Authors: Wysocki Paweł , Łyjak Aleksandra , Kordan Władysław 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of boar semen storage in different short-term extenders (BTS, Kortowo-3, and M III) on the percentage of spermatozoa showing proapoptotic and necrotic changes. For the first time in this study, Annexin V isolated from swine placenta has been used to determine proapoptotic changes in stored boar spermatozoa. The changes were determined using the IN Cell Analyzer 2000. A gradual decrease in motility was observed on successive days of storage. Spermatozoa incubated in the BTS extender were characterised by the highest average motility, which reached 75% on the 1st d and 39% on day 5. Motility of spermatozoa stored in BTS was significantly higher than those stored in Kortowo-3 and M III extenders after 5 d of storage. Diluted semen contained 1.5% to 2.8% spermatozoa with proapoptotic changes. The discussed process was intensified on the 3rd d of storage when the percentage of apoptotic spermatozoa was determined at 8.3% to 14.6%, and the content of dead spermatozoa exceeded 25%. The analysed extenders differed insignificantly in their ability to protect semen against proapoptotic changes during storage. From the methodological point of view, Hoechst 33258 could be used additionally to stain sperm cells regardless of their status.
History of internal radiation exposure in a wild masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) at Fukushima assessed by autoradiography of vibrissae
Authors: Yamaguchi Toshiro , Chen Chun-Jen , Sasaki Motoki , Furuhama Kazuhisa , Yamada Kazutaka 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Autoradiography was used to visualise an internal radiation in the vibrissae of a wild masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) carcass found in a highly radioactive contamination area within 50 km from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident site. Autoradiogram of the vibrissae revealed a higher density in the root than in the shaft showing a stripe pattern; the γ-ray spectrum of the vibrissae showed peaks of 134Cs and 137Cs. The radiocaesium taken into the body was responsible for its distribution into the vibrissae shaft during its growth. The stripe pattern indicated that internal radiation exposure was intermittent. This finding suggests that autoradiography of vibrissae is a suitable method for assessment of the history of internal radiation exposure in wild mammals, such as masked palm civet.
Does more (or less) lead to violence? Application of the relative deprivation hypothesis on economic inequality-induced conflicts
Authors: Džuverovic Nemanja 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article employs the relative deprivation theory in order to explain the formation of violent conflicts induced by an increase in economic inequality. By using the frustration-aggression hypothesis, the author attempts to illustrate how the rise in inequality, caused by changed economic structure, can be transformed into violence, often accompanied by material and human casualties. In addition to the theoretical framework, the article relies on empirical studies carried out by using relative deprivation as a starting point. Finally, the author observes indications that inequality-induced conflicts could soon take place in developed and developing countries, which is why new models of development and economic policies must be implemented and thus used as conflict-preventing mechanisms.
The Lawful Execution of Employer Rights is an Important Subsystem of Corporate Governance (A Labour Case Study)
Authors: Nagy Zoltán Imre , Való Viktor 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In the world of work, the political transition created a difficult situation in Hungary which has become even less favourable in the 2010s. Employees are exposed to numerous infringements. The case study presented at previous MEB conferences and continued herein illustrates the vulnerability of employees. The case study provides an excellent opportunity for the presentation of the special Hungarian labour law (the conclusion of an employment relationship, payment of wages, performance of work, trial period, termination, corporate dismissal, etc.) and for summarising the lessons learned. In addition to the court judgement involving heavy expenditure, it can also be concluded that successful corporate work can only be achieved by respected and skilled employees, and the loyalty of employees is the key source of results. This, in turn, can only be achieved if the representatives of the owners and the management of the company pay great attention, as a subsystem, to the lawful employment and motivation of employees.
Determination of Surfactants in Environmental Samples. Part III. Non-Ionic Compounds
Authors: Olkowska Ewa , Ruman Marek , Kowalska Anna , Polkowska Żaneta 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Non-ionic surface active agents are a diverse group of chemicals which have an uncharged polar head and a non-polar tail. They have different properties due to amphiphilic structure of their molecules. Commercial available non-ionic surfactants consist of the broadest spectrum of compounds in comparison with other types of such agents. Typically, non-ionic compounds found applications in households and industry during formulation of cleaning products, cosmetics, paints, preservative coatings, resins, textiles, pulp and paper, petroleum products or pesticides. Their are one of the most common use class of surfactants which can be potential pollution sources of the different compartment of environment (because of they widely application or discharging treated wastewaters to surface water and sludge in agricultural). It is important to investigate the behavior, environmental fate of non-ionic surfactants and their impact on living organisms (they are toxic and/or can disrupt endocrine functions). To solve such problems should be applied appropriated analytical tools. Sample preparation step is one of the most critical part of analytical procedures in determination of different compounds in environmental matrices. Traditional extraction techniques (LLE - for liquid samples; SLE - for solid samples) are time and solvent-consuming. Developments in this field result in improving isolation efficiency and decreasing solvent consumption (eg SPE and SPME - liquid samples or PLE, SFE and MAE - solid samples). At final determination step can be applied spectrophotometric technique, potentiometric titrametration or tensammetry (determination total concentration of non-ionic surfactants) or chromatographic techniques coupled with appropriated detection techniques (individual analytes). The literature data concerning the concentrations of non-ionic surfactants in the different compartments of the environment can give general view that various ecosystems are polluted by those compounds.
Wet Oxidation of Dairy Sewage: The Kinetic Study of Decomposition of the Milk Components
Authors: Piotrowska Klara , Imbierowicz Mirosław , Chacuk Andrzej 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The article presents the results of kinetic studies of the wet oxidation process of dairy sewage. The dairy sewage, obtained straight from the production line, was subjected to oxidation at pH close to the natural value of 7. Experiments were carried out in a stirred batch tank reactor at the oxygen partial pressure equal to 1 MPa and at temperature ranging from 473 to 593 K. The effectiveness of organic compounds decomposition was estimated based on the measurement of TOC. The kinetics of decomposition of milk components, ie lactose, protein and fat, as well as the kinetics of oxidation of intermediate products was the aim of the study. Measurement of the concentration of protein, fat and lactose was done with a milk composition analyzer, calibrated in relation to the dairy sewage. The obtained results were used to develop a mathematical model of wet oxidation of dairy sewage, including the group of analyzed compounds.
Statistical Analysis of Noise-Multiplied Data Using Multiple Imputation
Authors: Klein Martin , Sinha Bimal 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A statistical analysis of data that have been multiplied by randomly drawn noise variables in order to protect the confidentiality of individual values has recently drawn some attention. If the distribution generating the noise variables has low to moderate variance, then noisemultiplied data have been shown to yield accurate inferences in several typical parametric models under a formal likelihood-based analysis. However, the likelihood-based analysis is generally complicated due to the nonstandard and often complex nature of the distribution of the noise-perturbed sample even when the parent distribution is simple. This complexity places a burden on data users who must either develop the required statistical methods or implement the methods if already available or have access to specialized software perhaps yet to be developed. In this article we propose an alternate analysis of noise-multiplied data based on multiple imputation. Some advantages of this approach are that (1) the data user can analyze the released data as if it were never perturbed, and (2) the distribution of the noise variables does not need to be disclosed to the data user.