bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of GD1-positiveLactobacilluscorrelates with inflammation in human lungs with COPD
Authors: Sze Marc A , Utokaparch Soraya , Elliott W Mark , Hogg James C , Hegele Richard G 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesThe present study assesses the relationship between contents of GD1 (glycerol dehydratase)-positiveLactobacillus, presence ofLactobacillusand the inflammatory response measured in host lung tissue in mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesise that there will be a loss of GD1 producingLactobacilluswith increasing severity of COPD and that GD1 has anti-inflammatory properties.SettingSecondary care, 1 participating centre in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.Participants74 individuals who donated non-cancerous portions of their lungs or lobes removed as treatment for lung cancer (normal lung function controls (n=28), persons with mild (GOLD 1) (n=21) and moderate (GOLD 2) COPD (n=25)).Outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was GD1 positivity within each group and whether or not this impacted quantitative histological measures of lung inflammation. Secondary outcome measures includedLactobacilluspresence and quantification, and quantitative histological measurements of inflammation and remodelling in early COPD.ResultsTotal bacterial count (p>0.05) and prevalence ofLactobacillus(p>0.05) did not differ between groups. However, the GD1 gene was detected more frequently in the controls (14%) than in either mild (5%) or moderate (0%) COPD (p<0.05) samples. Macrophage and neutrophil volume fractions (0.012±0.005 (mean±SD) vs 0.026±0.017 and 0.005±0.002 vs 0.015±0.014, respectively) in peripheral lung tissue were reduced in samples positive for the GD1 gene (p<0.0035).ConclusionsA reduction in GD1 positivity is associated with an increased tissue immune inflammatory response in early stage COPD. There is potential forLactobacillusto be used as a possible therapeutic, however, validation of these results need to be completed before an anti-inflammatory role ofLactobacillusin COPD can be confirmed.
Cognitive ability and personality as predictors of participation in a national colorectal cancer screening programme: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Gale Catharine R , Deary Ian J , Wardle Jane , Zaninotto Paola , Batty G David 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThe English NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme has offered biennial faecal occult blood testing to people aged 60–69 years since 2006, and to those aged 60–74 years since 2010. Analysis of the first 2.6 million screening invitations found that 54% of eligible people took up the invitation. The reasons for this low uptake are unclear. We investigated whether participation in screening varies according to cognitive ability and personality.MethodsParticipants were members of The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. In 2010–2011, respondents were asked about participation in bowel cancer screening, and cognitive ability and the ‘Big Five’ personality traits were assessed. Logistic regression was used to examine the cross-sectional relationships between cognitive ability and personality and screening participation in 2681 people aged 60–75 years who were eligible to have been invited to take part in the UK national screening programme for bowel cancer.ResultsIn age-adjusted and sex-adjusted analyses, better cognition and higher conscientiousness were associated with increased participation in cancer screening. ORs (95% CIs) per SD increase were 1.10 (1.03 to 1.18) for cognitive ability and 1.10 (1.01 to 1.19) for conscientiousness. After further adjustment for household wealth and health literacy—shown previously to be associated with participation—these associations were attenuated (ORs were 1.07 (1.00 to 1.15) and 1.07 (0.97 to 1.18), respectively).ConclusionsWe found some indication that better cognitive function and greater conscientiousness may be linked with a slightly increased likelihood of participation in bowel cancer screening. These relationships need investigation in other cohorts of older people.
The mathematical limits of genetic prediction for complex chronic disease
Authors: Keyes Katherine M , Davey Smith George , Koenen Karestan C , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundAttempts at predicting individual risk of disease based on common germline genetic variation have largely been disappointing. The present paper formalises why genetic prediction at the individual level is and will continue to have limited utility given the aetiological architecture of most common complex diseases.MethodsData were simulated on one million populations with 10 000 individuals in each populations with varying prevalences of a genetic risk factor, an interacting environmental factor and the background rate of disease. The determinant risk ratio and risk difference magnitude for the association between a gene variant and disease is a function of the prevalence of the interacting factors that activate the gene, and the background rate of disease.ResultsThe risk ratio and total excess cases due to the genetic factor increase as the prevalence of interacting factors increase, and decrease as the background rate of disease increases. Germline genetic variations have high predictive capacity for individual disease only under conditions of high heritability of particular genetic sequences, plausible only under rare variant hypotheses.ConclusionsUnder a model of common germline genetic variants that interact with other genes and/or environmental factors in order to cause disease, the predictive capacity of common genetic variants is determined by the prevalence of the factors that interact with the variant and the background rate. A focus on estimating genetic associations for the purpose of prediction without explicitly grounding such work in an understanding of modifiable (including environmentally influenced) factors will be limited in its ability to yield important insights about the risk of disease.
Prometastatic NOTCH Signaling in Colon Cancer
Authors: Kranenburg Onno 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Summary: Dysregulation of NOTCH signaling contributes to the development of colorectal cancer, but how this pathway regulates metastasis has so far remained unclear. Sonoshita and colleagues identified a novel NOTCH-driven metastasis pathway that is amenable to therapeutic intervention and generated a companion diagnostic tool that allows analysis of pathway activity in human tumor tissue sections. Cancer Discov; 5(2); 115–7. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Sonoshita et al., p. 198
Blockade of Specific NOTCH Ligands: A New Promising Approach in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Briot Anaïs , Iruela-Arispe M. Luisa 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Summary: The signaling specificity conveyed by distinct combination of NOTCH receptors/ligands has remained elusive. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, through the development of ligand-specific NOTCH inhibitors, Kangsamaksin and colleagues uncovered unique signaling outcomes downstream of DLL- and JAG-receptor activation and demonstrated their effects in the suppression of tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Discov; 5(2); 112–4. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Kangsamaksin et al., p. 182
Sweets for a Bitter End: Lung Cancer Cell–Surface Protein Glycosylation Mediates Metastatic Colonization
Authors: Arnal-Estapé Anna , Nguyen Don X. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Summary: Glycosylation is one of the most predominant forms of cell-surface protein modifications, yet its deregulation in cancer and contribution to tumor microenvironment interactions remain poorly understood. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Reticker-Flynn and Bhatia characterize an enzymatic switch in lung cancer cells that triggers aberrant surface protein glycosylation patterns, adhesion to lectins on the surface of inflammatory cells, and subsequent metastatic colonization of the liver. Cancer Discov; 5(2); 109–11. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Reticker-Flynn and Bhatia, p. 168
SOCS3 Deficiency in Myeloid Cells Promotes Tumor Development: Involvement of STAT3 Activation and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Yu Hao , Liu Yudong , McFarland Braden C. , Deshane Jessy S. , Hurst Douglas R. , Ponnazhagan Selvarangan , Benveniste Etty N. , Qin Hongwei 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative regulators of the JAK/STAT pathway and generally function as tumor suppressors. The absence of SOCS3 in particular leads to heightened activation of the STAT3 transcription factor, which has a striking ability to promote tumor survival while suppressing antitumor immunity. We report for the first time that genetic deletion of SOCS3, specifically in myeloid cells, significantly enhances tumor growth, which correlates with elevated levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the tumor microenvironment, and diminishes CD8+ T-cell infiltration in tumors. The importance of MDSCs in promoting tumor growth is documented by reduced tumor growth upon depletion of MDSCs. Furthermore, SOCS3-deficient bone-marrow–derived cells exhibit heightened STAT3 activation and preferentially differentiate into the Gr-1+CD11b+Ly6G+ MDSC phenotype. Importantly, we identify G-CSF as a critical factor secreted by the tumor microenvironment that promotes development of MDSCs via a STAT3-dependent pathway. Abrogation of tumor-derived G-CSF reduces the proliferation and accumulation of Gr-1+CD11b+ MDSCs and inhibits tumor growth. These findings highlight the critical function of SOCS3 as a negative regulator of MDSC development and function via inhibition of STAT3 activation. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(7); 727–40. ©2015 AACR.
Antithrombotic treatment in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)
Authors: Nijenhuis Vincent J. , Bennaghmouch Naoual , Kuijk Jan-Peter van , Capodanno Davide , ten Berg Jurriën M. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an established treatment option for symptomatic patients with severe aortic valvular disease who are not suitable for conventional surgical aortic valve replacement. Despite improving experience and techniques, ischaemic and bleeding complications after TAVI remain prevalent and impair survival in this generally old and comorbid-rich population. Due to changing aetiology of complications over time, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after TAVI should be carefully balanced. Empirically, a dual antiplatelet strategy is generally used after TAVI for patients without an indication for oral anticoagulation (OAC; e. g. atrial fibrillation, mechanical mitral valve prosthesis), including aspirin and a thienopyridine. For patients on OAC, a combination of OAC and aspirin or thienopyridine is generally used. This review shows that current registries are unfit to directly compare antithrombotic regimens. Small exploring studies suggest that additional clopidogrel after TAVI only affects bleeding and not ischemic complications. However, these studies are lack in quality in terms of Cochrane criteria. Currently, three randomised controlled trials are recruiting to gather more knowledge about the effects of clopidogrel after TAVI.
Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events Score Predicts Clinical Outcome and Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Chinese Patients After Thrombolysis
Authors: Chen Weiqi , Pan Yuesong , Zhao Xingquan , Liao Xiaoling , Liu Liping , Wang Chunjuan , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: February 2015

Background and Purpose—
The performance of the Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events (THRIVE) score in predicting clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke post intravenous thrombolysis is unknown.

Methods—
Data from the Thrombolysis Implementation and Monitor of Acute Ischemic Stroke in China (TIMS-China) study was used to compare the THRIVE score with other scores used to predict clinical outcomes and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis.

Results—
Among the 1128 patients with acute ischemic stroke who were included in this study, areas under the curve of the THRIVE score for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, 3-month poor functional outcomes, and death rate were 0.69, 0.71, and 0.78, respectively. The increased THRIVE score was related to the higher risk of developing symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, poor functional outcomes, or death in patients with acute ischemic stroke at 3 months after thrombolysis.

Conclusions—
The THRIVE score predicted reliably the risks of developing symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, poor functional outcome, or death after intravenous thrombolysis therapy in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Postprocedural Skin Perfusion Pressure Correlates With Clinical Outcomes 1 Year After Endovascular Therapy for Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Okamoto Shin , Iida Osamu , Nakamura Masato , Yamauchi Yasutaka , Fukunaga Masashi , Yokoi Yoshiaki , Soga Yoshimitsu , Zen Kan , Hirano Keisuke , Suematsu Nobuhiro , Suzuki Kenji , Shintani Yoshiaki , Miyashita Yusuke , Urasawa Kazushi , Kitano Ikuro , Yamaoka Terutoshi , Ohura Norihiko , Hamasaki Toshimitsu , Uematsu Masaaki , Nanto Shinsuke 
Published: February 2015

Background: Although skin perfusion pressure (SPP) is widely used clinically to predict probability of wound healing, correlation between clinical outcomes and SPP has not been systematically studied. Methods: This subanalysis of the prospective multicenter OLIVE registry of patients who received infrainguinal endovascular therapy (EVT) for critical limb ischemia (CLI) assessed the association between clinical outcomes and postoperative SPP in 211 consecutive patients. Logistic regression analysis was performed, with amputation-free survival (AFS), modified major adverse limb events (MALEs), and complete wound healing as dependent variables and postprocedural SPP as independent variable. Result: Pre- and postprocedural SPP was 28 ± 11 and 46 ± 18 mm Hg, respectively. In logistic regression analysis, postprocedural SPP correlated with 1-year AFS ( P = .018), modified MALEs ( P < .001), and wound healing ( P = .022). Conclusion: Postprocedural SPP correlates with clinical outcomes after EVT for patients with CLI.
De l’espace transculturel : Le transculturalisme revisité à travers la littérature migrante du Québec
Authors: Shin Junga , Choi Yong Ho 
Published: February 2015

Résumé Cet article vise à interroger les enjeux du transculturalisme à partir de l’idée d’un espace transculturel pour relancer le débat sur la culturologie. En nous appuyant sur la sémiotique de la culture de Lotman, nous nous emploierons à modéliser cet espace de l’entre-deux. C’est la littérature migrante du Québec qui nous servira de fil conducteur pour cette modélisation. Tout particulièrement, nous prendrons comme corpus un ouvrage d’Ook Chung, intitulé Kimchi. À travers l’analyse de cet ouvrage, nous allons procéder à la triple caractérisation de l’espace transculturel, sans prétendre à l’exhaustivité : (i) espace frontalier ; (ii) espace indéterminé ; et (iii) espace potentiel. Cette idée d’espace transculturel nous invite à repenser la problématique de l’identité culturelle dans le cadre esthético-politique de la possibilité potentielle d’une autre forme de culture. Notre but consiste à fournir un nouveau cadre théorique dans lequel élaborer le transculturalisme.
Perception of a native vowel contrast by Dutch monolingual and bilingual infants: A bilingual perceptual lead
Authors: Liu Liquan , Kager René 
Published: February 2015

Purpose: Facing previous mixed findings between monolingual and bilingual infants’ phonetic development during perceptual reorganization, the current study aims at examining the perceptual development of a native vowel contrast (/I/-/i/) by Dutch monolingual and bilingual infants. Design: We tested 390 Dutch monolingual and bilingual infants from 5 to 15 months of age through a visual habituation paradigm. Data and analysis: Mixed-effect model analyses were conducted within 320 infants, with infants’ log10 transformed looking time as the dependent variable, age (4-level) and language background (2-level) as the fixed factors, and participant and order (2-level) as the random factors. Conclusions: All infants show weak initial sensitivity to the contrast regardless of language background(s), and sensitivity improves with age. By the second half of the first year, infants discriminate the contrast, indicating the emergence of the relevant vowel categories. In addition, a perceptual lead is observed in bilingual infants, probably due to: 1) a perceptual transfer from the close-category counterpart of the other native language; 2) heightened acoustic sensitivity in bilingual infants given their rich linguistic experience; and 3) a general bilingual cognitive advantage. The influences of contrast salience and bilingualism on language development are discussed. Originality: Overall, these findings constitute an extension of existing work on vowel perception and display a novel acceleration effect for the bilingual infants in phonetic perception. In addition, we propose a novel heightened acoustic sensitivity hypothesis, arguing that bilingual infants may pay more attention to acoustic details in the input than their monolingual peers. Significance: The observed progressive phonetic discrimination pattern of the native contrast contributes to our knowledge in infant language development, and specifically perceptual reorganization patterns, in the first year after birth. The observed acceleration effect, along with its explanations, provides new insights into the influence of bilingualism and potential bilingual advantages in infancy.
CXCR4 expression on pathogenic T cells facilitates their bone marrow infiltration in a mouse model of aplastic anemia
Authors: Arieta Kuksin Christina , Gonzalez-Perez Gabriela , Minter Lisa M. 
Published: February 2015

Key PointsNF-κB differentially regulates CXCR4 expression on naïve and pathogenic CD8+ T cells. CXCR4 expression on pathogenic T cells facilitates their trafficking to the BM in a mouse model of AA.
Surface functionalization by covalent immobilization of an innovative carvacrol derivative to avoid fungal biofilm formation
Authors: Gharbi Aïcha , Legigan Thibaut , Humblot Vincent , Papot Sébastien , Berjeaud Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Carvacrol, an aromatic terpenic compound, known to be antimicrobial was grafted onto gold surfaces via two strategies based on newly-synthesized cross-linkers involving either an ester bond which can be cleaved by microbial esterases, or a covalent ether link. Surface functionalizations were characterized at each step by reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). The two functionalized gold samples both led to a loss of culturability of the yeast Candida albicans, higher than 65%, indicating that the activity of the freshly-designed surfaces was probably due to still covalently immobilized carvacrol. On the contrary, when a phenyl group replaced the terpenic moiety, the yeast culturability increased by about 30%, highlighting the specific activity of carvacrol grafted on the surfaces. Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the mode of action of the functionalized surfaces with the ester or the ether of carvacrol was, in both cases, fungicidal and not anti-adhesive. Finally, this study shows that covalently immobilization of terpenic compounds can be used to design promising antimicrobial surfaces.
Extracellular Electron Transport Scarcely Accumulates Proton Motive Force in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
Authors: Tokunou Yoshihide , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Okamoto Akihiro 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Periplasmic pH (pHp) was monitored by an in vivo assay that was developed for Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 based on the outer membrane permeability of a biosynthesized flavin molecule. The pHp data obtained by this method suggest that proton motive force is not generated during anaerobic respiration associated with either intracellular fumarate reduction or extracellular electron transport to electrodes.
Dynamic-driven Surface Segregation of a Hydrophilic Component in Diblock Copolymer Films
Authors: Zhang Cui , Oda Yukari , Kawaguchi Daisuke , Kanaoka Shokyoku , Aoshima Sadahito , Tanaka Keiji 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We here show how a hydrophilic component can be stably partitioned to the film surface of multicomponent polymer systems using well-designed diblock copolymers.
Enhanced Fluorescence of Loosely Packed Dye Aggregates
Authors: Ryu Naoya , Hachisako Hiroshi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The fluorescence of a hemicyanine dye was considerably enhanced by the formation of loosely packed aggregates, compared to tightly aggregated and molecularly dispersed hemicyanine dyes. Loose dye aggregates were realized by introducing a self-assembling unit to the dye molecules and by adjusting the mixture of good solvent and nonsolvent for the dye moiety.
Tetranucleotide usage highlights genomic heterogeneity among mycobacteriophages
Authors: Siranosian Benjamin , Perera Sudheesha , Williams Edward , Ye Chen , de Graffenried Christopher , Shank Peter 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThe genomic sequences of mycobacteriophages, phages infecting mycobacterial hosts, are diverse and mosaic. Mycobacteriophages often share little nucleotide similarity, but most of them have been grouped into lettered clusters and further into subclusters. Traditionally, mycobacteriophage genomes are analyzed based on sequence alignment or knowledge of gene content. However, these approaches are computationally expensive and can be ineffective for significantly diverged sequences. As an alternative to alignment-based genome analysis, we evaluated tetranucleotide usage in mycobacteriophage genomes. These methods make it easier to characterize features of the mycobacteriophage population at many scales.DescriptionWe computed tetranucleotide usage deviation (TUD), the ratio of observed counts of 4-mers in a genome to the expected count under a null model. TUD values are comparable between members of a phage subcluster and distinct between subclusters. With few exceptions, neighbor joining phylogenetic trees and hierarchical clustering dendrograms constructed using TUD values place phages in a monophyletic clade with members of the same subcluster. Regions in a genome with exceptional TUD values can point to interesting features of genomic architecture. Finally, we found that subcluster B3 mycobacteriophages contain significantly overrepresented 4-mers and 6-mers that are atypical of phage genomes.ConclusionsStatistics based on tetranucleotide usage support established clustering of mycobacteriophages and can uncover interesting relationships within and between sequenced phage genomes. These methods are efficient to compute and do not require sequence alignment or knowledge of gene content. The code to download mycobacteriophage genome sequences and reproduce our analysis is freely available athttps://github.com/bsiranosian/tango_final.
Exploring intentional instability as a quality of a learning environment
Authors: Edström Ann-Mari 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The article explores how intentional instability may be defined as a quality of a learning environment, thus aiming to contribute to the discussion concerning the complex question of what constitutes a creative learning environment. The study uses interviews and observations from three different art academies’ learning environments as a point of departure. Five variations of intentional instability are discerned and discussed, and intentional instability defined as follows: By intentionally twisting what we experience as familiar a bit, thus adding some instability, we are forced to shift positions and experience the familiar in new ways, and it is in this gap created in the discrepancy between balance and off balance that new insights may be articulated.