bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Acute Hypoxia on Oxygen Uptake and Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics During Cycling Exercise in Prepubertal Boys
Authors: Weston Max E. , Armstrong Neil , Bond Bert , Tomlinson Owen W. , Williams Craig A. , Barker Alan R. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To examine the effect of normobaric hypoxia on pulmonary oxygen uptake () and muscle oxygenation kinetics during incremental and moderate-intensity exercise in children. Methods: Eight prepubertal boys (9–11 y) performed incremental cycle tests to exhaustion in both normoxia and hypoxia (fraction of inspired O2 of 15%) followed by repeat 6-minute transitions of moderate-intensity exercise in each condition over subsequent visits. Results: Maximal oxygen uptake () was reduced in hypoxia compared with normoxia (1.69 [0.20] vs 1.87 [0.26] L·min−1, P = .028), although the gas exchange threshold was not altered in absolute terms (P = .33) or relative to (P = .78). During moderate-intensity exercise, the phase II time constant (τ) was increased in hypoxia (18 [9] vs 24 [8] s, P = .025), with deoxyhemoglobin τ unchanged (17 [8] vs 16 [6], P ≥ .28). Conclusions: In prepubertal boys, hypoxia reduced and slowed phase II kinetics during moderate-intensity exercise, despite unchanged deoxyhemoglobin kinetics. These data suggest an oxygen delivery dependence of and moderate-intensity kinetics under conditions of reduced oxygen availability in prepubertal boys.
Diversity in the utilization of different molecular classes of dissolved organic matter by heterotrophic marine bacteria
Authors: Givati Shira , Forchielli Elena , Aharonovich Dikla , Barak Noga , Weissberg Osnat , Belkin Natalia , Rahav Eyal , Segrè Daniel , Sher Daniel 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Heterotrophic marine bacteria utilize and recycle dissolved organic matter (DOM), impacting biogeochemical cycles. It is currently unclear to what extent distinct DOM components can be used by different heterotrophic clades. Here, we ask how a natural microbial community from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) responds to different molecular classes of DOM (peptides, amino acids, amino sugars, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and organic acids) comprising much of the biomass of living organisms. Bulk bacterial activity increased after 24 h for all treatments relative to the control, while glucose and ATP uptake decreased or remained unchanged. Moreover, while the per-cell uptake rate of glucose and ATP decreased, that of Leucin significantly increased for amino acids, reflecting their importance as common metabolic currencies in the marine environment.
Pseudoalteromonadaceae
dominated the peptides treatment, while different
Vibrionaceae
strains became dominant in response to amino acids and amino sugars.
Marinomonadaceae
grew well on organic acids, and
Alteromonadaseae
on disaccharides. A comparison with a recent laboratory-based study reveals similar peptide preferences for
Pseudoalteromonadaceae
, while
Alteromonadaceae
, for example, grew well in the lab on many substrates but dominated in seawater samples only when disaccharides were added. We further demonstrate a potential correlation between the genetic capacity for degrading amino sugars and the dominance of specific clades in these treatments. These results highlight the diversity in DOM utilization among heterotrophic bacteria and complexities in the response of natural communities.

IMPORTANCE
A major goal of microbial ecology is to predict the dynamics of natural communities based on the identity of the organisms, their physiological traits, and their genomes. Our results show that several clades of heterotrophic bacteria each grow in response to one or more specific classes of organic matter. For some clades, but not others, growth in a complex community is similar to that of isolated strains in laboratory monoculture. Additionally, by measuring how the entire community responds to various classes of organic matter, we show that these results are ecologically relevant, and propose that some of these resources are utilized through common uptake pathways. Tracing the path between different resources to the specific microbes that utilize them, and identifying commonalities and differences between different natural communities and between them and lab cultures, is an important step toward understanding microbial community dynamics and predicting how communities will respond to perturbations.
mSphere of Influence: MmuPV1—a dual tropic papillomavirus, red herring, or novel insight into HPV pathogenesis
Authors: Romero-Masters James 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

James Romero-Masters works in the field of tumor virology, focusing on the role of the human papillomavirus oncogenes in pathogenesis. In this mSphere of Influence article, they reflect on how the article “Mouse papillomavirus infection persists in mucosal tissues of an immunocompetent mouse strain and progresses to cancer” impacted them, informing their research strategies, and what it means for the mouse papillomavirus model.
Perspectives on the future of host-microbe biology from the Council on Microbial Sciences of the American Society for Microbiology
Authors: Gestal Monica C. , Oates A. Elizabeth , Akob Denise M. , Criss Alison K. ,   Host-Microbe Retreat Planning Committee,   Host-Microbe Retreat Speakers, Fidel Paul L. , Watnick Paula I. , Young Vincent B. , Zackular Joseph , Casadevall Arturo , Gibbons Sean M. , Huffnagle Gary B. , McFall-Ngai Margaret , Newman Dianne K. , Nickerson Cheryl A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Host-microbe biology (HMB) stands on the cusp of redefinition, challenging conventional paradigms to instead embrace a more holistic understanding of the microbial sciences. The American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Council on Microbial Sciences hosted a virtual retreat in 2023 to identify the future of the HMB field and innovations needed to advance the microbial sciences. The retreat presentations and discussions collectively emphasized the interconnectedness of microbes and their profound influence on humans, animals, and environmental health, as well as the need to broaden perspectives to fully embrace the complexity of these interactions. To advance HMB research, microbial scientists would benefit from enhancing interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research to utilize expertise in diverse fields, integrate different disciplines, and promote equity and accessibility within HMB. Data integration will be pivotal in shaping the future of HMB research by bringing together varied scientific perspectives, new and innovative techniques, and ’omics approaches. ASM can empower under-resourced groups with the goal of ensuring that the benefits of cutting-edge research reach every corner of the scientific community. Thus, ASM will be poised to steer HMB toward a future that champions inclusivity, innovation, and accessible scientific progress.
Visible damp in a child’s bedroom is associated with increased respiratory morbidity in early life: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Ruffles Tom , Inglis Sarah K , Memon Anjum , Seddon Paul , Basu Kaninika , Bremner Stephen A , Rabe Heike , Mukhopadhyay Somnath , Fidler Katy J 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveHousehold damp exposure is an important public health issue. We aimed to assess the impact of the location of household damp on respiratory outcomes during early life.MethodsHousehold damp exposure was ascertained in children recruited to the GO-CHILD multicentre birth cohort study. The frequency of respiratory symptoms, infections, healthcare utilisation and medication prescription for wheezing were collected by postal questionnaires at 12 and 24 months. Log binomial and ordered logistic regression models were fitted to the data.ResultsFollow-up was obtained in 1344 children between August 2010 and January 2016. Visible damp was present in a quarter of households (25.3%) with 1 in 12 children’s bedrooms affected (8.3%). Damp in the bathroom, kitchen or living room was not associated with any respiratory or infection-related outcomes. Damp in the child’s bedroom was associated with an increased risk of dry cough (8.7% vs 5.7%) (adjusted relative risk 1.56, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.27; p=0.021) and odds of primary care attendance for cough and wheeze (7.6% vs 4.4%) (adjusted OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.76; p=0.009). There were also increased risk of inhaled corticosteroid (13.3% vs 5.9%) (adjusted RR 2.22, 95% CI 1.04 to 4.74; p=0.038) and reliever inhaler (8.3% vs 5.8%) (adjusted RR 2.01, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.79; p=0.018) prescription.ConclusionDamp in the child’s bedroom was associated with increased respiratory morbidity. In children presenting with recurrent respiratory symptoms, clinicians should enquire about both the existence and location of damp, the presence of which can help prioritise those families requiring urgent household damp assessment and remediation works.
Predisposing factors, clinical and microbiological insights of bacterial keratitis: analysis of 354 cases from a leading French academic centre
Authors: Bertret Clara , Knoeri Juliette , Leveziel Loic , Bourcier Tristan , Brignole-Baudouin Françoise , Merabet Lilia , Bouheraoua Nacim , Borderie Vincent Michel 
Published: June 2024

Aims
To report an epidemiological update of bacterial keratitis (BK) in a tertiary ophthalmology centre over 20 months compared with a previous study on the same timeframe from 1998 to 1999.

Methods
354 patients with BK documented by microbiological corneal scraping or resolutive under antibiotics treatment from January 2020 to September 2021 were analysed retrospectively.

Results

One or several risk factors were found in 95.2% of patients: contact lens wear (45.2%), ocular surface disease (25.0%), systemic disease (21.8%), ocular trauma (11.9%) and ocular surgery (8.8%). The positivity rate of corneal scrapings was 82.5%, with 18.2% polybacterial. One hundred seventy-five (59.9%) bacteria were Gram-negative, and 117 (40.1%) were Gram-positive. The most common bacteria were
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(32.5%),
Moraxella
spp (18.1%) and
Staphylococcus aureus
(8.2%). Final visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) was associated with age (r=+0.48; p=0.0001), infiltrate size (r=+0.32; p<0.0001), ocular surface disease (r=+0.13; p=0.03), ocular trauma (r=-0.14; p=0.02) and contact lens wear (r=−0.26; p<0.0001). Gram-negative bacteria were responsible for deeper (r=+0.18; p=0.004) and more extensive infiltrates (r=+0.18; p=0.004) in younger patients (r=−0.19; p=0.003). Compared with the previous period, the positivity rate of corneal scrapings and the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria, especially
Moraxella
spp, increased. All
P. aeruginosa
and
Moraxella
spp were sensitive to quinolones, and all
S. aureus
were sensitive to both quinolones and methicillin.

Conclusion

Contact lens wear remained the leading risk factor. The bacteria distribution was reversed, with a predominance of Gram-negative bacteria and increased
Moraxella
spp.
Postpartum recovery after severe maternal morbidity in Kilifi, Kenya: a grounded theory of recovery trajectories beyond 42 days
Authors: Gazeley Ursula , Ochieng Marvine Caren , Wanje Onesmus , Koech Etyang Angela , Mwashigadi Grace , Barreh Nathan , Kombo Alice Mnyazi , Bakari Mwanajuma , Maitha Grace , Silverio Sergio A , Temmerman Marleen , Magee Laura , von Dadelszen Peter , Filippi Veronique 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThe burden of severe maternal morbidity is highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and its relative contribution to maternal (ill) health may increase as maternal mortality continues to fall. Women’s perspective of their long-term recovery following severe morbidity beyond the standard 42-day postpartum period remains largely unexplored.MethodsThis woman-centred, grounded theory study was nested within the Pregnancy Care Integrating Translational Science Everywhere (PRECISE) study in Kilifi, Kenya. Purposive and theoretical sampling was used to recruit 20 women who experienced either a maternal near-miss event (n=11), potentially life-threatening condition (n=6) or no severe morbidity (n=3). Women were purposively selected between 6 and 36 months post partum at the time of interview to compare recovery trajectories. Using a constant comparative approach of line-by-line open codes, focused codes, super-categories and themes, we developed testable hypotheses of women’s postpartum recovery trajectories after severe maternal morbidity.ResultsGrounded in women’s accounts of their lived experience, we identify three phases of recovery following severe maternal morbidity: ‘loss’, ‘transition’ and ‘adaptation to a new normal’. These themes are supported by multiple, overlapping super-categories: loss of understanding of own health, functioning and autonomy; transition in women’s identity and relationships; and adaptation to a new physical, psychosocial and economic state. This recovery process is multidimensional, potentially cyclical and extends far beyond the standard 42-day postpartum period.ConclusionWomen’s complex needs following severe maternal morbidity require a reconceptualisation of postpartum recovery as extending far beyond the standard 42-day postpartum period. Women’s accounts expose major deficiencies in the provision of postpartum and mental healthcare. Improved postpartum care provision at the primary healthcare level, with reach extended through community health workers, is essential to identify and treat chronic mental or physical health problems following severe maternal morbidity.
Global and regional burden estimation of HIV-associated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a meta-analysis and modelling analysis protocol
Authors: Chen Yan , Sun Zhaochen , Sun Ping , Liu Yuping , Wan Zhengwei , Ye Yunli 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionHIV infection is one of the complex aetiologies of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). However, the contribution of HIV to burden of NHL across time and region has not yet been comprehensively reported and quantified. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the relative risk of NHL in individuals with HIV infection compared with those without by performing a comprehensive meta-analysis. Additionally, we intend to further estimate quantitatively the degree of HIV contributing to burden of NHL using population attributable fraction (PAF) modelling analysis.Methods and analysisThis study will screen a mass of records searched from four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science). The main outcomes are specific effect values and corresponding 95% CIs for NHL among population with HIV infection compared with those without to quantify the association between HIV infection and NHL. After quality assessment and data extraction, we will undertake a meta-analysis to calculate the pooled risk ratio (RR). Furthermore, PAF calculation based on pooled RR combines with number of age-specific disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and HIV prevalence data (aged ≥15 years old) from 1990 to 2019, at global, regional and country levels. We will calculate the PAF, HIV-associated DALY number and age-standardised rate to quantify the burden of HIV-associated NHL.Ethics and disseminationThis study is based on published articles; thus, the ethic approval is not essential. In addition, we intend to publish the results on peer-reviewed journals for more discussion. We believe that research on estimating global burden of NHL can provide valuable insights for developing targeted prevention and control strategies, thereby achieving significant benefits.PROSPERO registration numberCRD 42023404150.
Antithrombotic therapy for durable left ventricular assist devices: protocol for a living systematic review with indirect comparison/network meta-analysis
Authors: Derzi Simone Helena , Dewidar Omar , Sabri Hind , Tran Diem , Wells George A 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundLeft ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have emerged as a successful treatment option for patients with end-stage heart failure. Compared with the best medical therapy, LVADs improve survival and enhance functional capacity and quality of life. However, two major complications compromise this patient population’s outcomes: thrombosis and bleeding. Despite technological innovations and better hemocompatibility, these devices alter the rheology, triggering the coagulation cascade and, therefore, require antithrombotic therapy. Anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies represent the current standard of care. Still, inconsistency in the literature exists, especially whether antiplatelet therapy is required, whether direct oral anticoagulants can replace vitamin K antagonists and even whether phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors with their antithrombotic effects could be added to the regimen of anticoagulation.Methods and analysisWe will perform a living systematic review with network meta-analysis and indirect comparison between current antithrombotic therapies, which have and have not been directly compared within clinical trials and observational studies. We will systematically search the following electronic sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE). We will exclusively examine studies published in English from 2016 to the present. Studies conducted before 2016 will be omitted since our primary focus is evaluating continuous flow devices. Two independent reviewers will assess the articles by title, abstract and full text; any disagreement will be resolved through discussion, and a third reviewer will be involved if necessary. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool will be used to assess the risk of bias. We will then conduct a pairwise meta-analysis; if the assumption of transitivity is satisfied, we will proceed with network meta-analysis using Bayesian methodology.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as no primary data are collected. This systematic review and network meta-analysis will delineate the risks of stroke, thromboembolic events, pump thrombosis, gastrointestinal bleeding and mortality in patients equipped with LVADs who are subjected to various antithrombotic regimens. The findings will be disseminated via a peer-reviewed publication and presented at conference meetings. This will enhance clinical practice and guide future research on anticoagulation strategies within this distinct patient cohort.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023465288.
Heart rate vARiability and physical activity in inpatient treatMent of burnOut and DepressIon (HARMODI): protocol of a cross-sectional study with up to 8-week follow up
Authors: Turner Wiebke , Brühl Annette , Böker Heinz , Schulze Beate , Marschall Katja , La Marca Roberto , Pfaff Michael , Russmann Thomas , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionChronic stress can cause an imbalance within the autonomic nervous system, thereby affecting cardiovascular and mental health. Physical activity (PA) may have a positive effect on the autonomic nervous system and stress-related disorders, such as depression and burnout. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive marker of the autonomic nervous system. However, limited and inconsistent data exist on the exact relationship between HRV, PA and depression and burnout symptoms. The HARMODI study aims to explore whether HRV is a feasible marker of depression and burnout symptoms and aims to evaluate the role of PA in the treatment of stress-related disorders.Methods and analysesThis is an observational study with a cross-sectional up to 8 week follow-up study design. A total of 153 patients, undergoing psychiatric inpatient treatment with burnout syndrome (Z73) and depressive episode (F32 or F33) or adjustment disorder (F43.2), will be recruited. Data on depression and burnout symptoms, HRV recordings (24-hour, supine, standing and exercise stress test), cognitive function, cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular health, balance and strength will be collected at baseline (T1) and after up to 8 weeks (T2). Continuous data on PA and Ecological Momentary Assessments of exhaustion, mood and tension will be monitored daily throughout inpatient treatment. Multiple regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, will assess the association between HRV as the primary outcome, PA and depression and burnout severity score.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by Swiss Ethics Committee, Cantonal Ethics Committee Zürich. Results of HARMODI will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT05874856.
Compliance with requirements for registration and reporting of results in trials of mesenchymal stromal cells for musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Holtedahl Robin , Brox Jens Ivar 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo assess compliance with statutory requirements to register and report outcomes in interventional trials of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for musculoskeletal disorders and to describe the trials’ clinical and design characteristics.DesignA systematic review of published trials and trials submitted to public registries.Data sourcesThe databases Medline, Cochrane Library and McMaster; six public clinical registries. All searches were done until 31 January 2023.Eligibility criteriaTrials submitted to registries and completed before January 2021. Prospective interventional trials published in peer-reviewed journals.Data extraction and synthesisThe first author searched for trials that had (1) posted trial results in a public registry, (2) presented results in a peer-reviewed publication and (3) submitted a pretrial protocol to a registry before publication. Other extracted variables included trial design, number of participants, funding source, follow-up duration and cell type.ResultsIn total 124 trials were found in registries and literature databases. Knee osteoarthritis was the most common indication. Of the 100 registry trials, 52 trials with in total 2 993 participants had neither posted results in the registry nor published results. Fifty-two of the registry trials submitted a protocol retrospectively. Forty-three of the 67 published trials (64%) had registered a pretrial protocol. Funding source was not associated with compliance with reporting requirements. A discrepancy between primary endpoints in the registry and publication was found in 16 of 25 trials. In 28% of trials, the treatment groups used adjuvant therapies. Only 39% of controlled trials were double-blinded.ConclusionsA large proportion of trials failed to comply with statutory requirements for the registration and reporting of results, thereby increasing the risk of bias in outcome assessments. To improve confidence in the role of MSCs for musculoskeletal disorders, registries and medical journals should more rigorously enforce existing requirements for registration and reporting.