bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new mycinosyl rosamicin derivative produced by an engineered Micromonospora rosaria mutant with a cytochrome P450 gene disruption introducing the d-mycinose biosynthetic gene
Authors: Iizaka Yohei , Higashi Noriko , Li Wei , Fukumoto Atsushi , Anzai Yojiro , Kato Fumio 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Genetic engineering of post-polyketide synthase-tailoring genes can be used to generate new macrolide analogs through manipulation of the genes involved in their biosynthesis. Rosamicin, a 16-member macrolide antibiotic produced by Micromonospora rosaria IFO13697, contains a formyl group and an epoxide at C-20 and C-12/13 positions which are formed by the cytochrome P450 enzymes RosC and RosD, respectively. The d-mycinose biosynthesis genes in mycinamicin II biosynthesis gene cluster of Micomonospora guriseorubida A11725 were introduced into the rosC and rosD disruption mutants of M. rosaria IFO13697. The resulting engineered strains, M. rosaria TPMA0054 and TPMA0069, produced mycinosyl rosamicin derivatives, IZIV and IZV, respectively. IZIV was identified as a novel mycinosyl rosamicin derivative, 23-O-mycinosyl-20-deoxo-20-dihydrorosamicin.
An evaluation of speech production in two boys with neurodevelopmental disorders who received communication intervention with a speech‐generating device
Authors: Roche Laura , Sigafoos Jeff , Lancioni Giulio E. , O'Reilly Mark F. , Schlosser Ralf W. , Stevens Michelle , van der Meer Larah , Achmadi Donna , Kagohara Debora , James Ruth , Carnett Amarie , Hodis Flaviu , Green Vanessa A. , Sutherland Dean , Lang Russell , Rispoli Mandy , Machalicek Wendy , Marschik Peter B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundChildren with neurodevelopmental disorders often present with little or no speech. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) aims to promote functional communication using non‐speech modes, but it might also influence natural speech production.MethodTo investigate this possibility, we provided AAC intervention to two boys with neurodevelopmental disorders and severe communication impairment. Intervention focused on teaching the boys to use a tablet computer‐based speech‐generating device (SGD) to request preferred stimuli. During SGD intervention, both boys began to utter relevant single words. In an effort to induce more speech, and investigate the relation between SGD availability and natural speech production, the SGD was removed during some requesting opportunities.ResultsWith intervention, both participants learned to use the SGD to request preferred stimuli. After learning to use the SGD, both participants began to respond more frequently with natural speech when the SGD was removed.ConclusionThe results suggest that a rehabilitation program involving initial SGD intervention, followed by subsequent withdrawal of the SGD, might increase the frequency of natural speech production in some children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This effect could be an example of response generalization.
Risk of Social Isolation Among Great East Japan Earthquake Survivors Living in Tsunami-Affected Ishinomaki, Japan
Authors: Inoue Machiko , Matsumoto Shoko , Yamaoka Kazue , Muto Shinsuke 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami affected approximately 53 000 people in the city of Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture. Approximately 30 000 people were relocated to temporary/rental housing. The remainder re-inhabited tsunami-affected houses, and their conditions were not known. As social isolation could affect physical and psychological health, we investigated the risk of social isolation among the survivors who returned to their homes.MethodsThe surveyors went door-to-door to the tsunami-affected houses and interviewed each household between October 2011 and March 2012. The participants’ risk of social isolation was assessed using 3 factors: whether they have (1) friends to talk with about their problems, (2) close neighbors, and (3) social/family interactions. We analyzed the groups at risk of social isolation and identified the related factors.ResultsThe elderly (older than age 65 years) were more likely to have close neighbors and social/family interactions, as compared with younger persons. Persons living alone were less likely to have social/family interactions. Non-elderly men who were living alone were the highest proportion of people without social/family interactions.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that men, particularly those younger than age 65 years and living alone, were at high risk of social isolation and may need attention. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-8)
Instability of a gravity current within a soap film
Authors: Goldstein Raymond E. , Huppert Herbert E. , Moffatt H. Keith , Pesci Adriana I. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOne of the simplest geometries in which to study fluid flow between two soap films connected by a Plateau border is provided by a catenoid with a secondary film at its narrowest point. Dynamic variations in the spacing between the two rings supporting the catenoid lead to fluid flow between the primary and secondary films. When the rings are moved apart, while keeping their spacing within the overall stability regime of the films, after a rapid thickening of the secondary film the excess fluid in it starts to drain into the sloped primary film through the Plateau border at which they meet. This influx of fluid is accommodated by a local thickening of the primary film. Experiments described here show that after this drainage begins the leading edge of the gravity current becomes linearly unstable to a finite-wavelength fingering instability. A theoretical model based on lubrication theory is used to explain the mechanism of this instability. The predicted characteristic wavelength of the instability is shown to be in good agreement with experimental results. Since the gravity current advances into a film of finite, albeit microscopic, thickness this situation is one in which the regularization often invoked to address singularities at the nose of a thin film is physically justified.
SOLVABILITY OF FINITE GROUPS WITH FOUR CONJUGACY CLASS SIZES OF CERTAIN ELEMENTS
Authors: JIANG QINHUI , SHAO CHANGGUO 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAssume that $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}m$ and $n$ are two positive integers which do not divide each other. If the set of conjugacy class sizes of primary and biprimary elements of a group $G$ is $\{1, m, n, mn\}$, we show that up to central factors $G$ is a $\{p,q\}$-group for two distinct primes $p$ and $q$.
Untangling Mexico's Noodle: El Tallarín and the Revival of Zapatismo in Morelos, 1934–1938
Authors: SALINAS SALVADOR 
Published: July 2014

AbstractStudies on the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934–40) have tended to emphasise popular support for the Cardenista regime while underestimating the domestic opposition to the president. The story of Enrique Rodríguez (‘El Tallarín’), a former Zapatista militant from the state of Morelos, reveals the breadth and complexity of the opposition to Cárdenas. The rebellion led by Rodríguez from 1934 to 1938 forced Cárdenas to renegotiate the terms of Zapatista loyalty to the federal government in order to secure peace in Morelos and represented a broad critique of the post-revolutionary state's advancement during the 1930s. Rodríguez stood as a defender of agrarian self-reliance, traditional chieftainship andpuebloreligious liberty.
Football Clubs and Neighbourhoods in Buenos Aires before 1943: The Role of Political Linkages and Personal Influence
Authors: HOROWITZ JOEL 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn the first decades of the twentieth century, the inhabitants of greater Buenos Aires formed innumerable football clubs, as part of a burgeoning civic culture. Many of these clubs not only proved enduring but helped to shape the sense of neighbourhood that dominated much of the cultural and political world of the city. In this they differed from clubs in other South American cities, which tended to have much less of abarrioidentity. However, successful soccer teams required assistance to acquire land and construct stadiums. The evidence of club records and the local press shows that as the clubs grew in size and importance, politicians and other leading neighbourhood figures became critical in obtaining the necessary resources for them, but in turn they made use of their association with the clubs to aid their election campaigns and build up their constituencies and clienteles.
Therapeutic responses to different anti-Trypanosoma cruzidrugs in experimental infection by benznidazole-resistant parasite stock
Authors: CALDAS SÉRGIO , CALDAS IVO SANTANA , CECÍLIO ALZIRA BATISTA , DINIZ LÍVIA DE FIGUEIREDO , TALVANI ANDRÉ , RIBEIRO ISABELA , BAHIA MARIA TEREZINHA 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThis study describes the role of parasite clearance time induced by benznidazole, fexinidazole and posaconazole treatments upon mice infection with a benznidazole-resistantTrypanosoma cruzistrain in the pathological outcomes.Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice were treated with different drugs and parasite clearance time was detected by blood and tissue qPCR, to determine the dynamic relationship between the efficacy of the treatments and the intensity of heart lesion/serum inflammatory mediators. Our results indicate that anti-T. cruzitreatments were able to reduce parasite replication and consequently induce immunomodulatory effects, where the degree of the immunopathology prevention was related to the time of parasite clearance induced by different treatments. Nevertheless, in benznidazole and posaconazole treatments, parasite rebounding was detected with parasitism reaching levels similar to infected and non-treated mice; the time for parasitic rebound being earlier among benznidazole-treated mice. In parallel, an increase of cardiac lesions and plasma chemokine levels was also detected and was more accentuated in benznidazole-treated animals. Interestingly, in the presence of parasitological cure (fexinidazole treatment), basal levels of these inflammatory mediators were evidenced as well as an absence of cardiac inflammation or fibrosis. Overall, our data indicate that all treatments have positive effects on the clinical evolution ofT. cruziinfection, with success in preventing cardiac alterations being drug-dependent.
Developmental transitions in presentations of externalizing problems among boys and girls at risk for child maltreatment
Authors: Villodas Miguel T. , Litrownik Alan J. , Thompson Richard , Jones Deborah , Roesch Scott C. , Hussey Jon M. , Block Stephanie , English Diana J. , Dubowitz Howard 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe present study examined the impact of children's maltreatment experiences on the emergence of externalizing problem presentations among children during different developmental periods. The sample included 788 youth and their caregivers who participated in a multisite, prospective study of youth at-risk for maltreatment. Externalizing problems were assessed at ages 4, 8, and 12, and symptoms and diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder were assessed at age 14, during interviews with youth and caregivers. Information about maltreatment allegations was coded from official records. Latent transition analysis identified three groups of youth with similar presentations of externalizing problems (“well adjusted,” “hyperactive/oppositional,” and “aggressive/rule-breaking”) and transitions between groups from ages 4, 8, and 12. A “defiant/deceitful” group also emerged at age 12. Girls were generally more likely to present as well adjusted than boys. Children with recent physical abuse allegations had an increased risk for aggressive/rule-breaking presentations during the preschool and preadolescent years, while children with sexual abuse or neglect allegations had lower probabilities of having well-adjusted presentations during middle childhood. These findings indicate that persistently severe aggressive conduct problems, which are related to the most concerning outcomes, can be identified early, particularly among neglected and physically and sexually abused children.
The Prehospital Management of Suspected Spinal Cord Injury: An Update
Authors: Oteir Ala'a O. , Smith Karen , Jennings Paul A. , Stoelwinder Johannes U. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroductionSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition that may lead to long-term disabilities placing financial and social burden on patients and their families, as well as their communities. Spinal immobilization has been considered the standard prehospital care for suspected SCI patients. However, there is a lack of consensus on its beneficial impact on patients’ outcome.ObjectiveThis paper reviews the current literature on the epidemiology of traumatic SCI and the practice of prehospital spinal immobilization.DesignA search of literature was undertaken utilizing the online databases Ovid Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. The search included English language publications from January 2000 through November 2012.ResultsThe reported annual incidence of SCI ranges from 12.7 to 52.2 per 1 million and occurs more commonly among males than females. Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are the major reported causes of traumatic SCI among young and middle-aged patients, and falls are the major reported causes among patients older than 55. There is little evidence regarding the relationship between prehospital spinal immobilization and patient neurological outcomes. However, early patient transfer (8-24 hours) to spinal care units and effective resuscitation have been demonstrated to lead to better neurological outcomes.ConclusionThis review reaffirms the need for further research to validate the advantages, disadvantages, and the effects of spinal immobilization on patients’ neurological outcomes.OteirAO, SmithK, JenningsPA, StoelwinderJU. The prehospital management of suspected spinal cord injury: an update. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-4.
Does payment type affect willingness-to-pay? Valuing new seed varieties in India
Authors: Hossack Fiona , An Henry 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCash is often used in economic experiments as an incentive to encourage realistic decision making or to compensate participants for their time. However, in many less developed countries, remunerating participants with cash can upset existing relationships with local institutions. In cases where the use of cash is not feasible, an alternative type of payment is required. Using a framed field experiment in Odisha, India (formerly Orissa), we explore an alternative payment method, in-kind, where typical household items are used in place of cash. We compare the differences in the valuation of yield stabilizing seed traits between in-kind and cash. Our results suggest that farmers are willing to pay less for seeds when they are paid cash than when they are paid in-kind. Bids are higher by 1.18 Indian Rupees when farmers are paid in-kind, corresponding to about a 7 per cent higher valuation.
The impact of climate change on net revenue and food adequacy of subsistence farming households in South Africa
Authors: Tibesigwa Byela , Visser Martine , Turpie Jane 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of climate change on poor households across South Africa who practise subsistence farming to supplement their household income and dietary requirements. We consider three production systems: specialized crops, livestock and mixed crop-livestock farming. In general, we find specialized crop farmers to be the most vulnerable, while mixed crop-livestock farmers appear to be least vulnerable, suggesting that crop-livestock diversification is a potential coping strategy among poor subsistence farming households. We observe qualitatively similar results when we use self-reported food adequacy as the outcome. Furthermore, predicted impact shows that the climatic changes will be mildly harmful at first but will grow over time and lead to a 151 per cent loss in net revenue by the year 2080. Interestingly, we observe that crop farmers receive higher revenue when land is owned by the household, while on the other hand, livestock farmers earn more revenue when the land is communal.
Dynamic Consistency Checking in Goal-Directed Answer Set Programming
Authors: MARPLE KYLE , GUPTA GOPAL 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn answer set programming, inconsistencies arise when the constraints placed on a program become unsatisfiable. In this paper, we introduce a technique fordynamic consistency checkingfor our goal-directed method for computing answer sets, under which only those constraints deemed relevant to the partial answer set are tested, allowing inconsistent knowledgebases to be successfully queried. However, the algorithm guarantees that, if a program has at least one consistent answer set, any partial answer set returned will be a subset of some consistent answer set.
Efficient Computation of the Well-Founded Semantics over Big Data
Authors: TACHMAZIDIS ILIAS , ANTONIOU GRIGORIS , FABER WOLFGANG 
Published: July 2014

AbstractData originating from the Web, sensor readings and social media result in increasingly huge datasets. The so called Big Data comes with new scientific and technological challenges while creating new opportunities, hence the increasing interest in academia and industry. Traditionally, logic programming has focused on complex knowledge structures/programs, so the question arises whether and how it can work in the face of Big Data. In this paper, we examine how the well-founded semantics can process huge amounts of data through mass parallelization. More specifically, we propose and evaluate a parallel approach using the MapReduce framework. Our experimental results indicate that our approach is scalable and that well-founded semantics can be applied to billions of facts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that addresses large scale nonmonotonic reasoning without the restriction of stratification for predicates of arbitrary arity.
A Linear Logic Programming Language for Concurrent Programming over Graph Structures
Authors: CRUZ FLAVIO , ROCHA RICARDO , GOLDSTEIN SETH COPEN , PFENNING FRANK 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe have designed a new logic programming language called LM (Linear Meld) for programming graph-based algorithms in a declarative fashion. Our language is based on linear logic, an expressive logical system where logical facts can be consumed. Because LM integrates both classical and linear logic, LM tends to be more expressive than other logic programming languages. LM programs are naturally concurrent because facts are partitioned by nodes of a graph data structure. Computation is performed at the node level while communication happens between connected nodes. In this paper, we present the syntax and operational semantics of our language and illustrate its use through a number of examples.
SUNNY: a Lazy Portfolio Approach for Constraint Solving
Authors: AMADINI ROBERTO , GABBRIELLI MAURIZIO , MAURO JACOPO 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWithin the context of constraint solving, a portfolio approach allows one to exploit the synergy between different solvers in order to create a globally better solver. In this paper we present SUNNY: a simple and flexible algorithm that takes advantage of a portfolio of constraint solvers in order to compute — without learning an explicit model — a schedule of them for solving a given Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). Motivated by the performance reached by SUNNY vs. different simulations of other state of the art approaches, we developedsunny-csp, an effective portfolio solver that exploits the underlying SUNNY algorithm in order to solve a given CSP. Empirical tests conducted on exhaustive benchmarks of MiniZinc models show that the actual performance ofsunny-cspconforms to the predictions. This is encouraging both for improving the power of CSP portfolio solvers and for trying to export them to fields such as Answer Set Programming and Constraint Logic Programming.
Pengines: Web Logic Programming Made Easy
Authors: LAGER TORBJÖRN , WIELEMAKER JAN 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWhen developing a (web) interface for a deductive database, functionality required by the client is provided by means of HTTP handlers that wrap the logical data access predicates. These handlers are responsible for converting between client and server data representations and typically include options for paginating results. Designing the web accessible API is difficult because it is hard to predict the exact requirements of clients. Pengines changes this picture. The client provides a Prolog program that selects the required data by accessing the logical API of the server. The pengine infrastructure provides general mechanisms for converting Prolog data and handling Prolog non-determinism. The Pengines library is small (2000 lines Prolog, 150 lines JavaScript). It greatly simplifies defining an AJAX based client for a Prolog program and provides non-deterministic RPC between Prolog processes as well as interaction with Prolog engines similar to Paul Tarau's engines. Pengines are available as a standard package for SWI-Prolog 7.1
Incremental Tabling in Support of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
Authors: SWIFT TERRANCE 
Published: July 2014

AbstractResolution-based Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR) systems, such as Flora-2, Silk or Ergo, can scale to tens or hundreds of millions of facts, while supporting reasoning that includes Hilog, inheritance, defeasibility theories, and equality theories. These systems handle the termination and complexity issues that arise from the use of these features by a heavy use of tabled resolution. In fact, such systems table by default all rules defined by users, unless they are simple facts.Performing dynamic updates within such systems is nearly impossible unless the tables themselves can be made to react to changes. Incremental tabling as first implemented in XSB (Saha 2006) partially addressed this problem, but the implementation was limited in scope and not always easy to use. In this paper, we introducetransparent incremental tablingwhich at the semantic level supports updates in the 3-valued well-founded semantics, while guaranteeing full consistency of all tabled queries. Transparent incremental tabling also has significant performance improvements over previous implementations, including lazy recomputation, and control over the dependency structures used to determine how tables are updated.
Vicious Circle Principle and Logic Programs with Aggregates
Authors: GELFOND MICHAEL , ZHANG YUANLIN 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe paper presents a knowledge representation language $\mathcal{A}log$ which extends ASP with aggregates. The goal is to have a language based on simple syntax and clear intuitive and mathematical semantics. We give some properties of $\mathcal{A}log$, an algorithm for computing its answer sets, and comparison with other approaches.