bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histamine in the neocortex: Towards integrating multiscale effectors
Authors: Benoy Amrita , Ramaswamy Srikanth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHistamine is a modulatory neurotransmitter, which has received relatively less attention in the central nervous system than other neurotransmitters. The functional role of histamine in the neocortex, the brain region that controls higher‐order cognitive functions such as attention, learning and memory, remains largely unknown. This article focuses on the emerging roles and mechanisms of histamine release in the neocortex. We describe gaps in current knowledge and propose the application of interdisciplinary tools to dissect the detailed multiscale functional logic of histaminergic action in the neocortex ranging from sub‐cellular, cellular, dendritic and synaptic levels to microcircuits and mesoscale effects.
Modulation of sleep/wake patterns by gephyrin phosphorylation status
Authors: Tsai Yuan‐Chen , ElGrawani Waleed , Muheim Christine , Spinnler Andrea , Campbell Benjamin F. N. , Lasic Denis , Hleihil Mohammad , Brown Steven A. , Tyagarajan Shiva K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSleep/wake cycles intricately shape physiological activities including cognitive brain functions, yet the precise molecular orchestrators of sleep remain elusive. Notably, the clinical impact of benzodiazepine drugs underscores the pivotal role of GABAergic neurotransmission in sleep regulation. However, the specific contributions of distinct GABAA receptor subtypes and their principal scaffolding protein, gephyrin, in sleep dynamics remain unclear. The evolving role of synaptic phospho‐proteome alterations at excitatory and inhibitory synapses suggests a potential avenue for modulating gephyrin and, consequently, GABAARs for sleep through on‐demand kinase recruitment. Our study unveils the distinctive roles of two prevalent GABAA receptor subtypes, α1‐ and α2‐GABAARs, in influencing sleep duration and electrical sleep activity. Notably, the absence of α1‐GABAARs emerges as central in sleep regulation, manifesting significant alterations in both non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during dark or active phases, accompanied by altered electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns across various frequencies. Gephyrin proteomics analysis reveals sleep/wake‐dependent interactions with a repertoire of known and novel kinases. Crucially, we identify the regulation of gephyrin interaction with ERK1/2, and phosphorylations at serines 268 and 270 are dictated by sleep/wake cycles. Employing AAV‐eGFP‐gephyrin or its phospho‐null variant (S268A/S270A), we disrupt sleep either globally or locally to demonstrate gephyrin phosphorylation as a sleep regulator. In summary, our findings support the local cortical sleep hypothesis and we unveil a molecular mechanism operating at GABAergic synapses, providing critical insights into the intricate regulation of sleep.
Ambient air pollution, covert cerebrovascular disease and cognition: results from the ISSYS study
Authors: Ballvé A. , Pizarro J. , Maisterra O. , Riba‐Llena I. , Pujadas F. , Jiménez‐Balado J. , Palasi A. , Cirach M. , Turner M. C. , Sunyer J. , Delgado P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeAlthough air pollution (AP) has been associated with stroke and dementia, data regarding its relationship with covert cerebrovascular disease (cCVD) and cognition over time are sparse. The aim of this study was to explore these relationships.MethodsA prospective population‐based study of 976 stroke‐free and non‐demented individuals living in Barcelona, Spain, was conducted during 2010–2016. A land use regression model was used to estimate the exposure of each participant to AP: NOx, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, PMcoarse and PM2.5 absorbance. Cognitive function and cCVD were assessed at baseline (n = 976) and 4 years after (n = 317). Multivariate‐adjusted models were developed.ResultsAt baseline, 99 participants (10.1%) had covert brain infarcts and 91 (9.3%) had extensive periventricular white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). Marked subcortical WMH progression was seen in 19.7%; the incidence of other covert cerebrovascular lessons ranged between 5% and 6% each. PM2.5 was related to higher odds of having a covert brain infarct (odds ratio [OR] 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–4.60). PM2.5 absorbance was related to higher odds of having extensive subcortical WMHs (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.13–2.60), whereas NO2 was related to higher odds of having extensive subcortical (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.17–2.35) or periventricular (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.10–3.50) WMHs and to higher odds of developing marked subcortical WMH progression (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.05–1.90). NOx was related to incident cerebral microbleeds (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.04–1.79). There was no association between AP and cognition.ConclusionsAir pollutant predicts the presence and accumulation of cCVD. Its impact on cognitive impairment remains to be determined.
Elevated plasma neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein in epilepsy versus nonepileptic seizures and nonepileptic disorders
Authors: Dobson Hannah , Al Maawali Said , Malpas Charles , Santillo Alexander F. , Kang Matthew , Todaro Marian , Watson Rosie , Yassi Nawaf , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Foster Emma , Neal Andrew , Velakoulis Dennis , O'Brien Terence John , Eratne Dhamidhu , Kwan Patrick 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveResearch suggests that recurrent seizures may lead to neuronal injury. Neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels increase in cerebrospinal fluid and blood in response to neuroaxonal damage, and they have been hypothesized as potential biomarkers for epilepsy. We examined plasma NfL and GFAP levels and their diagnostic utility in differentiating patients with epilepsy from those with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and other nonepileptic disorders.MethodsWe recruited consecutive adults admitted for video‐electroencephalographic monitoring and formal neuropsychiatric assessment. NfL and GFAP levels were quantified and compared between different patient groups and an age‐matched reference cohort (n = 1926) and correlated with clinical variables in patients with epilepsy.ResultsA total of 138 patients were included, of whom 104 were diagnosed with epilepsy, 22 with PNES, and 12 with other conditions. Plasma NfL and GFAP levels were elevated in patients with epilepsy compared to PNES, adjusted for age and sex (NfL p = .04, GFAP p = .04). A high proportion of patients with epilepsy (20%) had NfL levels above the 95th age‐matched percentile compared to the reference cohort (5%). NfL levels above the 95th percentile of the reference cohort had a 95% positive predictive value for epilepsy. Patients with epilepsy who had NfL levels above the 95th percentile were younger than those with lower levels (37.5 vs. 43.8 years, p = .03).SignificanceAn elevated NfL or GFAP level in an individual patient may support an underlying epilepsy diagnosis, particularly in younger adults, and cautions against a diagnosis of PNES alone. Further examination of the association between NfL and GFAP levels and specific epilepsy subtypes or seizure characteristics may provide valuable insights into disease heterogeneity and contribute to the refinement of diagnosis, understanding pathophysiological mechanisms, and formulating treatment approaches.
The involvement of keratinocytes in pruritus of chronic inflammatory dermatosis
Authors: Lin Shiying , Liu Xin , Jiang Jian , Ge Wenqiang , Zhang Yinlian , Li Fei , Tao Qingxiao , Liu Suwen , Li Man , Chen Hongxiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrequent itching and incessant scratching are commonly observed in various chronic inflammatory skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The persistent and prolonged nature of pruritus can worsen one's quality of life. Keratinocytes (KCs), the predominant cells of the epidermis, have been confirmed to interact with sensory neurons and immune cells and be involved in chronic skin inflammatory diseases associated with pruritus. Initially, KCs and sensory neurons form a unique synapse‐like connection within the epidermis, serving as the structural foundation for their interaction. Additionally, several receptors, including toll‐like receptors and protease‐activated receptor 2, expressed on KCs, become activated in an inflammatory milieu. On the one hand, activated KCs are sources of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors, such as adenosine triphosphate, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and nerve growth factor, which directly or indirectly participate in stimulating sensory neurons, thereby contributing to the itch sensations. On the other hand, KCs also function as primary transducers alongside intraepidermal nerve endings, directly initiating pruritic responses. This review summarizes the current literature and highlights the critical role of KCs in the development and persistence of chronic itch in inflammatory skin disorders.
Fatigue behavior under variable amplitude loadings in AlSi10Mg alloy components produced by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Fernandes Rui Filipe , de Jesus Joel , Borrego Luis Pires , Ferreira José António , Branco Ricardo , Costa José Domingos 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the fatigue behavior of AlSi10Mg alloy manufactured via laser powder bed fusion under variable amplitude loading conditions. Two material conditions were examined: as‐built and stress relief, with the later involving a lower temperature compared to the conventional heat treatments, aimed at preventing the Al‐Si network rupture. Fatigue tests were conducted using two distinct loading spectra: block loading and random loading. While the stress relief reduced the monotonic properties of the material, it resulted in increased fatigue performance due to the homogenization of residual stress throughout the depth. Fracture surface analysis revealed initiation points on subsurface defects, with both block and random loading cases exhibiting overload markings from loading transitions. The predictive model incorporating crack initiation and propagation periods yielded good results, with the equivalent stress range approach providing higher quality estimation compared to the real stress range approach.
Salinity plays a limited role in determining rates of size evolution in fishes globally across multiple scales
Authors: Clarke John T. , Davis Robert B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimSubstantial progress has been made to map biodiversity and its drivers across the planet at multiple scales, yet studies that quantify the evolutionary processes that underpin this biodiversity, and test their drivers at multiple scales, are comparatively rare. Studying most fish species, we quantify rates of body size evolution to test the role of fundamental salinity habitats in shaping rates of evolution at multiple scales. We also determine how four additional factors shape evolutionary rates.LocationGlobal.Time PeriodExtant species.Major Taxa StudiedActinopterygii.MethodsIn up to 1710 comparisons studying over 27,000 species, we compare rates of body size evolution among five salinity habits using 13 metrics. The comparisons span a molecular tree, 100 supertrees, and 10 scales of observation to test for robust patterns and reveal how patterns change with scale. Then, three approaches assess the role of three non‐salinity factors on rates, and an alternative habitat scheme tests if lakes influence evolutionary rates.ResultsRates of size evolution rarely differ consistently between salinity habitats; rate patterns are highly clade‐ and scale dependent. One exception is freshwater‐brackish fishes, which possess among the highest size rates of any salinity, showing higher rates than euryhaline fishes in most groupings studied at most scales, and versus marine, freshwater and marine–brackish habitats at numerous scales. Additionally, species richness had the greatest potential to predict phenotypic rates, followed by branch duration, then absolute values of body size. Lacustrine environments were consistently associated with high rates of size evolution.Main ConclusionsWe reveal the rate patterns that underpin global body size diversity for fishes, identifying factors that play a limited role in shaping rates of size evolution, such as salinity, and those such as species richness, age and lake environments that consistently shape evolutionary rates across half of vertebrate diversity.
Collective cognition in context: Explaining variation in the management of Europe's 2015 migration crisis
Authors: Jugl Marlene 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCognition is an essential first step in crisis management. This article conceptualizes crisis cognition as a collective and context‐dependent process. Drawing on cognitive sociology, I argue that governmental structures and culture/identity shape cognitive schemas and communicative practices essential for collective cognition. I apply this framework to compare governments' recognition of the 2015 migration crisis in Luxembourg and Germany, which showed a puzzling gap in crisis preparation. The qualitative analysis triangulates interviews and other sources. In Germany, complex responsibilities, adversarial bureaucratic identities, and hubris inhibited cognition. In small Luxembourg, simple government structures and collective identity emphasizing vulnerability fostered timely cognition and preparation. I consider country size as macro‐level context that shapes government structures and officials' identities, and critically discuss its role as an underlying explanation. This study introduces a sociological perspective on cognition to public administration, shows through which mechanisms context affects collective behavior, and proposes a comparative explanation for effective crisis management.
Frequency of use and annual costs of biological therapy for psoriasis in Colombia in 2019
Authors: Fernández‐Ávila Daniel G. , Prada‐Vanegas Jennifer D. , De la Espriella María C. , Barahona‐Correa Julián E. , Charry Laura P. , Cuellar Isabel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvidence describing the types and annual costs of biological treatments for psoriasis in Latin America is scarce. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of use and costs of biologic therapy for psoriasis in Colombia in 2019.MethodsThis secondary data analysis uses the International Classification of Diseases terms associated with psoriasis, excluding those related to psoriatic arthritis, based on data from the registry of the Colombian Ministry of Health. We estimated the prevalence of psoriasis per 100,000 inhabitants; then, we retrieved the frequency of use of biologic therapy in patients with psoriasis and estimated the cost per year of each and overall therapies in 2019 in US dollars (USD).ResultsThere were 100,823 patients with psoriasis in Colombia in 2019, which amounts to a prevalence of 0.2% in the general population. Of those patients, 4.9% received biologic therapy, most frequently males (60%). The most commonly used biological therapies for psoriasis in Colombia in 2019 were ustekinumab (35.2%), with an annual cost per patient of $12,880 USD; adalimumab (26%), with a yearly cost per patient of $7130 USD; and secukinumab (19.8%), with an annual cost per patient of $6825 USD.ConclusionThis is the first study to describe the use and cost of biological therapy for psoriasis in Colombia. It provides valuable cost‐awareness information for the Colombian health system.
Will you stay or will you go?: The role of incidental learning within a liminal space in shaping student nurses' perceptions of nursing
Authors: Nagle Louise , Mahon Juliet Mc , Fitzpatrick Mary 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrently, in Ireland, there is a high rate of attrition among newly qualified student nurses. This paper specifically seeks to provide insights into this issue through an exploration of the experiences and perceptions of clinical placement from a sample of student nurses and preceptors in Ireland through the conceptual lenses of both incidental learning and liminality. We conclude that the power of incidental learning on students transversing a liminal space should not be underestimated and that in our study the surrounding context of support (particularly from preceptors) was critical. Incidental learning around aspects of organization culture and hierarchy that caused dissonance for students emerged as a consistent outcome. So too did time and resource pressure on preceptors due to staffing shortages which, in turn, impacted negatively on workplace learning opportunities beyond routine incidental learning and support available to students to constructively make sense of their experiences. We argue that results from this study can inform not just nurse education but may also give pause for thought to those responsible for professions which have substantial work placement aspects as part of their qualifying route such as apprenticeships.
‘Drifting’ Buchnera genomes track the microevolutionary trajectories of their aphid hosts
Authors: Thia Joshua A. , Zhan Dongwu , Robinson Katie , Umina Paul A. , Hoffmann Ary A. , Yang Qiong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEvolution of Buchnera–aphid host symbioses is often studied among species at macroevolutionary scales. Investigations within species offer a different perspective about how eco‐evolutionary processes shape patterns of genetic variation at microevolutionary scales. Our study leverages new and publicly available whole‐genome sequencing data to study Buchnera–aphid host evolution in Myzus persicae, the peach potato aphid, a globally invasive and polyphagous pest. Across 43 different asexual, clonally reproducing isofemale strains, we examined patterns of genomic covariation between Buchnera and their aphid host and considered the distribution of mutations in protein‐coding regions of the Buchnera genome. We found Buchnera polymorphisms within aphid strains, suggesting the presence of genetically different Buchnera strains within the same clonal lineage. Genetic distance between pairs of Buchnera samples was positively correlated to genetic distance between their aphid hosts, indicating shared evolutionary histories. However, there was no segregation of genetic variation for both M. persicae and Buchnera with plant host (Brassicaceae and non‐tobacco Solanaceae) and no associations between genetic and geographic distance at global or regional spatial scales. Abundance patterns of non‐synonymous mutations were similar to synonymous mutations in the Buchnera genome, and both mutation classes had similar site frequency spectra. We hypothesize that a predominance of neutral processes results in the Buchnera of M. persicae to simply ‘drift’ with the evolutionary trajectory of their aphid hosts. Our study presents a unique microevolutionary characterization of Buchnera–aphid host genomic covariation across multiple aphid clones. This provides a new perspective on the eco‐evolutionary processes generating and maintaining polymorphisms in a major pest aphid species and its obligate primary endosymbiont.
Low Light at Specific Growth Stage Affects Photoassimilates Transportation, Seed Quality and Yield in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Javed Hafiz Hassan , Hu Yue , Raza Ali , Alabdallah Nadiyah M. , Asghar Muhammad Ahsan , Khan Khurram Shehzad , Peng Xiao , Ghafoor Abu Zar , Ullah Abd , Wu Yong‐Cheng 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIn many parts of the world, solar radiation has decreased during the past 50 years due to industrialisation‐induced elevations in air aerosols which has negatively impacted crop productivity. Climate change threatens rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production due to shade stress caused by reduced light radiation. However, studies on how shade affects photosynthetic mechanisms in rapeseed (leaves and pod wall) are not well documented. Understanding the mechanisms of shade on yield formation in rapeseed is important for breeding shade‐tolerant rapeseed varieties and optimising agricultural management practices in low‐light areas. Therefore, this study assesses the impacts of ‘global dimming’ simulated by shading at a specific period on rapeseed's photosynthetic behaviour, yield and seed quality. A two‐factor split‐plot design was arranged with three shading treatments (CK, FS and PS) and two hybrid genotypes (Chuannong and Zhongyouza) of rapeseed. We observed that shading at the flowering stage (FS) significantly inhibited the leaf area index, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency and enzymatic activities of both genotypes. Besides that, shading at pod development stage (PS) substantially declined the pod photosynthetic characteristics and transportation of carbohydrates towards economic organ (seeds) which directly decreased the yield of rapeseed. We found that PS treatment remarkably declined the oil content of both genotypes. According to the results, the photosynthetic capacity of rapeseed pod wall had a greater impact on yield and seed quality than leaves. Therefore, improving the photosynthetic capacity and material transport efficiency of the pod wall is a potential measure to increase the yield of rapeseed under shade stress. This study provides a new insight into the effects of shade on rapeseed production and provides a valuable reference for rapeseed breeding techniques to develop high‐yielding genotypes by enhancing the photosynthetic efficiency of rapeseed pod wall in low‐light conditions.
Synthesis methodology of pure N–A–S–H gels with wide range of Si/Al ratios at ambient temperature
Authors: Shamo Eashow , Charpentier Thibault , Moskura Mélanie , Chartier Alain , Miserque Frédéric , Rousselet Angélique 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents the development of a synthesis route for sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N–A–S–H) gels with various Si/Al ratios carried out at ambient temperature. The synthesis is based on a simple “sol–gel” method, where commercial reactants are used to provide highly reactive Si and Al sources. Comprehensive characterization, including scanning electron microscope‐energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), gas pycnometry, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (27Al, 23Na, 29Si, and 1H), is employed to verify the morphology, density, chemical composition, long‐range order, and local structure of the gels. Our results show that the synthesized gels are pure, amorphous, and homogeneous with Si/Al final ratio ranging from 1.22 to 2.23. Structural analysis of the gels indicates the synthesis of compounds with high degree of geopolymerization, which are representative of N–A–S–H gel formed in sodium‐based geopolymers.