bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of online information to support patient decision‐making in breast cancer surgery
Authors: Bruce Jordan G. , Tucholka Jennifer L. , Steffens Nicole M. , Neuman Heather B. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundBreast cancer patients commonly use the internet as an information resource. Our objective was to evaluate the quality of online information available to support patients facing a decision for breast surgery.MethodsBreast cancer surgery‐related queries were performed (Google and Bing), and reviewed for content pertinent to breast cancer surgery. The DISCERN instrument was used to evaluate websites' structural components that influence publication reliability and ability of information to support treatment decision‐making. Scores of 4/5 were considered “good.”Results45 unique websites were identified. Websites satisfied a median 5/9 content questions. Commonly omitted topics included: having a choice between breast conservation and mastectomy (67%) and potential for 2nd surgery to obtain negative margins after breast conservation (60%). Websites had a median DISCERN score of 2.9 (range 2.0–4.5). Websites achieved higher scores on structural criteria (median 3.6 [2.1–4.7]), with 24% rated as “good.” Scores on supporting decision‐making questions were lower (2.6 [1.3–4.4]), with only 7% scoring “good.”ConclusionAlthough numerous breast cancer‐related websites exist, most do a poor job providing women with essential information necessary to actively participate in decision‐making for breast cancer surgery. Providing easily‐ accessible, high‐quality online information has the potential to significantly improve patients' experiences with decision‐making. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:575–580. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic blood flow to the retrograde limb of the internal mammary vein in breast reconstruction with free flap
Authors: Sugawara Jun , Satake Toshihiko , Muto Mayu , Kou Seiko , Yasumura Kazunori , Maegawa Jiro 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundIn free flap breast reconstruction, the retrograde limb of the internal mammary vein (IMV) is occasionally used as a second recipient vein. In this study, we evaluated the dynamic blood flow to the retrograde limb of the IMV (retrograde IMV) at the anastomosed site via indocyanine green (ICG) angiographyMethodsIn 40 patients undergoing free flap breast reconstruction, we evaluated the dynamic blood flow as “stain(+)” if a stain by ICG was observed and, “flow(+)” if a smooth blood flow was recognized.ResultsBased on the ICG angiography, “stain(+)” was observed in all cases, but “flow(+)” was detected in only 72.5% of the cases. There was no severe complication.ConclusionThis study shows that thrombosis is prone to occur in the second recipient vein in the 27.5% of the cases with no smooth flow, and therefore, the retrograde IMV may not function as a back‐up in these cases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:622–626, 2015.
Chemopreventive effect of oleuropein in colitis‐associated colorectal cancer in c57bl/6 mice
Authors: Giner Elisa , Recio M. Carmen , Ríos José Luis , Cerdá‐Nicolás José Miguel , Giner Rosa María 
Published: September 2015

ScopeThe main phenolic secoiridoid oleuropein and active constituent from olive tree (Olea europaea, Oleaceae), has demonstrated anti‐inflammatory properties in intestinal inflammation and anti‐tumoral effects in different cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the chemoprevention of oleuropein in a model of azoxymethane (AOM)/Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colorectal cancer (CRC) in C57BL/6 mice and the modulatory effect on the Th17 response in DSS acute colitis.Methods and resultsOleuropein protected from AOM/DSS‐induced CRC by improving clinical symptoms, disease activity index score as well as suppressed the growth and multiplicity of colonic tumors. Treatment with oleuropein reduced intestinal IL‐6, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐17A concentration, and decreased cyclooxygenase‐2, Bax and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expression. Western blot analysis also showed a markedly downregulation of CRC‐related pathways as nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), Wnt/β‐catenin, phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (P3IK)/Akt, and signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT)3. In DSS acute model, oleuropein inhibited Th17 response, by decreasing CD4+Rorγt+ IL‐17+ IFN‐γ+ T‐cell subsets in the lamina propria, as well as IL‐17A and IFN‐γ expression.ConclusionOleuropein as a dietary supplementation could be a promising protective agent against colitis‐associated CRC.
A semiflexible 64‐channel receive‐only phased array for pediatric body MRI at 3T
Authors: Zhang Tao , Grafendorfer Thomas , Cheng Joseph Y. , Ning Peigang , Rainey Bob , Giancola Mark , Ortman Sarah , Robb Fraser J. , Calderon Paul D. , Hargreaves Brian A. , Lustig Michael , Scott Greig C. , Pauly John M. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo design, construct, and validate a semiflexible 64‐channel receive‐only phased array for pediatric body MRI at 3T.MethodsA 64‐channel receive‐only phased array was developed and constructed. The designed flexible coil can easily conform to different patient sizes with nonoverlapping coil elements in the transverse plane. It can cover a field of view of up to 44 × 28 cm2 and removes the need for coil repositioning for body MRI patients with multiple clinical concerns. The 64‐channel coil was compared with a 32‐channel standard coil for signal‐to‐noise ratio and parallel imaging performances on different phantoms. With IRB approval and informed consent/assent, the designed coil was validated on 21 consecutive pediatric patients.ResultsThe pediatric coil provided higher signal‐to‐noise ratio than the standard coil on different phantoms, with the averaged signal‐to‐noise ratio gain at least 23% over a depth of 7 cm along the cross‐section of phantoms. It also achieved better parallel imaging performance under moderate acceleration factors. Good image quality (average score 4.6 out of 5) was achieved using the developed pediatric coil in the clinical studies.ConclusionA 64‐channel semiflexible receive‐only phased array has been developed and validated to facilitate high quality pediatric body MRI at 3T. Magn Reson Med 76:1015–1021, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐9‐dependent mechanisms of reduced contractility and increased stiffness in the aging heart
Authors: Padmanabhan Iyer Rugmani , Chiao Ying Ann , Flynn Elizabeth R. , Hakala Kevin , Cates Courtney A. , Weintraub Susan T. , de Castro Brás Lisandra E. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) collectively degrade all extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Of the MMPs, MMP‐9 has the strongest link to the development of cardiac dysfunction. Aging associates with increased MMP‐9 expression in the left ventricle (LV) and reduced cardiac function. We investigated the effect of MMP‐9 deletion on the cardiac ECM in aged animals.Experimental designWe used male and female middle‐aged (10‐ to16‐month old) and old (20‐ to 24‐month old) wild‐type (WT) and MMP‐9 null mice (n = 6/genotype/age). LVs were decellularized to remove highly abundant mitochondrial proteins that could mask identification of relative lower abundant components, analyzed by shotgun proteomics, and proteins of interest validated by immunoblot.ResultsElastin microfibril interface‐located protein 1 (EMILIN‐1) decreased with age in WT (p < 0.05), but not in MMP‐9 null. EMILIN‐1 promotes integrin‐dependent cell adhesion and EMILIN‐1 deficiency has been associated with vascular stiffening. Talin‐2, a cytoskeletal protein, was elevated with age in WT (p < 0.05), and MMP‐9 deficiency blunted this increase. Talin‐2 is highly expressed in adult cardiac myocytes, transduces mechanical force to the ECM, and is activated by increases in substrate stiffness. Our results suggest that MMP‐9 deletion may reduce age‐related myocardial stiffness, which may explain improved cardiac function in MMP‐9 null animals.ConclusionsWe identified age‐related changes in the cardiac proteome that are MMP‐9 dependent, suggesting MMP‐9 as a possible therapeutic target for the aging patient.
Oxidative stress promotes benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Vital Paz , Castro Patricia , Ittmann Michael 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is characterized by increased tissue mass in the transition zone of the prostate, which leads to obstruction of urine outflow and significant morbidity in the majority of older men. Plasma markers of oxidative stress are increased in men with BPH but it is unclear whether oxidative stress and/or oxidative DNA damage are causal in the pathogenesis of BPH.METHODSLevels of 8‐OH deoxyguanosine (8‐OH dG), a marker of oxidative stress, were measured in prostate tissues from normal transition zone and BPH by ELISA. 8‐OH dG was also detected in tissues by immunohistochemistry and staining quantitated by image analysis. Nox4 promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species. We therefore created and characterized transgenic mice with prostate specific expression of Nox4 under the control of the prostate specific ARR2PB promoter.RESULTSHuman BPH tissues contained significantly higher levels of 8‐OH dG than control transition zone tissues and the levels of 8‐OH dG were correlated with prostate weight. Cells with 8‐OH dG staining were predominantly in the epithelium and were present in a patchy distribution. The total fraction of epithelial staining with 8‐OH dG was significantly increased in BPH tissues by image analysis. The ARR2PB‐Nox4 mice had increased oxidative DNA damage in the prostate, increased prostate weight, increased epithelial proliferation, and histological changes including epithelial proliferation, stromal thickening, and fibrosis when compared to wild type controls.CONCLUSIONSOxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage are important in the pathogenesis of BPH. Prostate 76:58–67, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epigenetic Control of Apolipoprotein E Expression Mediates Gender-Specific Hematopoietic Regulation
Authors: Vasanthakumar Aparna , Zullow Hayley , Lepore Janet B. , Thomas Kenya , Young Natalie , Anastasi John , Reardon Catherine A. , Godley Lucy A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Epigenetic alterations play a central role in the control of normal and malignant blood cell development. We demonstrate here that expression of a truncated DNA methyltransferase 3B isoform DNMT3B7, which has been shown to alter cellular epigenetic patterns, decreases the overall number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), and markedly diminishes blood cell reconstitution within the female hormonal microenvironment. Gene expression profiling of HSPCs isolated from DNMT3B7 transgenic embryos identified Apolipoprotein E (Apoe) as overexpressed. The CpG island controlling Apoe expression had lower levels of modified cytosines in DNMT3B7 transgenic HSPCs, corresponding with the observed increase in gene expression. Furthermore, we observed that spleens and bone marrows of female mice transplanted with DNMT3B7 transgenic HSPCs express very high levels of Apoe. Finally, the introduction of Apoe-overexpressing HSPCs into male recipients decreased bone marrow engraftment, recapitulating our original observations in female recipients. Our work reveals a dynamic interplay between the intrinsic epigenetic changes in HSPCs and extrinsic endocrine factors acting on these cells to regulate the efficiency of HSPC engraftment and reconstitution. We have identified a novel mechanism by which gender-specific hormones modulate HSPC function, which could serve as a target for augmenting hematopoiesis in cases with limited HSC functionality. Stem Cells 2015;33:3643–3654
Loss of Endometrial Plasticity in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Lucas Emma S. , Dyer Nigel P. , Murakami Keisuke , Hou Lee Yie , Chan Yi-Wah , Grimaldi Giulia , Muter Joanne , Brighton Paul J. , Moore Jonathan D. , Patel Gnyaneshwari , Chan Jerry K.Y. , Takeda Satoru , Lam Eric W-F. , Quenby Siobhan , Ott Sascha , Brosens Jan J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Menstruation drives cyclic activation of endometrial progenitor cells, tissue regeneration, and maturation of stromal cells, which differentiate into specialized decidual cells prior to and during pregnancy. Aberrant responsiveness of human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) to deciduogenic cues is strongly associated with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), suggesting a defect in cellular maturation. MeDIP-seq analysis of HESCs did not reveal gross perturbations in CpG methylation in RPL cultures, although quantitative differences were observed in or near genes that are frequently deregulated in vivo. However, RPL was associated with a marked reduction in methylation of defined CA-rich motifs located throughout the genome but enriched near telomeres. Non-CpG methylation is a hallmark of cellular multipotency. Congruently, we demonstrate that RPL is associated with a deficiency in endometrial clonogenic cell populations. Loss of epigenetic stemness features also correlated with intragenic CpG hypomethylation and reduced expression of HMGB2, coding high mobility group protein 2. We show that knockdown of this sequence-independent chromatin protein in HESCs promotes senescence and impairs decidualization, exemplified by blunted time-dependent secretome changes. Our findings indicate that stem cell deficiency and accelerated stromal senescence limit the differentiation capacity of the endometrium and predispose for pregnancy failure.
Video Highlight: https://youtu.be/bV2uL6zv5gc
Sequence and structure-based comparative analysis to assess, identify and improve the thermostability of penicillin G acylases
Authors: Panigrahi Priyabrata , Chand Deepak , Mukherji Ruchira , Ramasamy Sureshkumar , Suresh C G 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Penicillin acylases are enzymes employed by the pharmaceutical industry for the manufacture of semi-synthetic penicillins. There is a continuous demand for thermostable and alkalophilic enzymes in such applications. We have carried out a computational analysis of known penicillin G acylases (PGAs) in terms of their thermostable nature using various protein-stabilizing factors. While the presence of disulfide bridges was considered initially to screen putative thermostable PGAs from the database, various other factors such as high arginine to lysine ratio, less content of thermolabile amino acids, presence of proline in β-turns, more number of ion-pair and other non-bonded interactions were also considered for comparison. A modified consensus approach designed could further identify stabilizing residue positions by site-specific comparison between mesostable and thermostable PGAs. A most likely thermostable enzyme identified from the analysis was PGA from Paracoccus denitrificans (PdPGA). This was cloned, expressed and tested for its thermostable nature using biochemical and biophysical experiments. The consensus site-specific sequence-based approach predicted PdPGA to be more thermostable than Escherichia coli PGA, but not as thermostable as the PGA from Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Experimental data showed that PdPGA was comparatively less thermostable than Achromobacter xylosoxidans PGA, although thermostability factors favored a much higher stability. Despite being mesostable, PdPGA being active and stable at alkaline pH is an advantage. Finally, several residue positions could be identified in PdPGA, which upon mutation selectively could improve the thermostability of the enzyme.
Assessment of the Readability of Genetic Counseling Patient Letters
Authors: Brown Emily , Skinner Megan , Ashley Stephanie , Reed Kate , Dixon Shannan DeLany 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPatient letters are a powerful tool that genetic counselors use to communicate with their patients. Patient letters are often sent to provide information on a new diagnosis, reiterate test results, and to serve as a permanent record of the visit. Patient letters, however, are only helpful if the patients can understand them. More than 50 % of the US population reads below a 9th grade reading level and over one‐third of the population has low health literacy skills. In this study we evaluate the readability of genetic counseling patient letters by assessing reading level, image use, and terminology use. One hundred forty‐nine genetic counselors participated in the survey and of these, 79 submitted a sample patient letter. Analyses of the letters revealed a mean reading level of 10.93. On average, 6 genetic terms were included in each letter, and only 25 % of these terms were defined. Analyses of survey responses revealed over 75 % of the genetic counselors did not include images in their patient letters. These results indicate there is room for improvement in order to make genetic counseling patient letters more accessible to the general population.
Putting performance in context: the perceived influence of environmental factors on work-based performance
Authors: Stroud Lynfa , Bryden Pier , Kurabi Bochra , Ginsburg Shiphra 
Published: September 2015

Introduction Context shapes behaviours yet is seldom considered when assessing competence. Our objective was to explore attending physicians’ and trainees’ perceptions of the Internal Medicine Clinical Teaching Unit (CTU) environment and how they thought contextual factors affected their performance.
Method 29 individuals recently completing CTU rotations participated in nine level-specific focus groups (2 with attending physicians, 3 with senior and 2 with junior residents, and 2 with students). Participants were asked to identify environmental factors on the CTU and to describe how these factors influenced their own performance across CanMEDS roles. Discussions were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory.
Results Five major contextual factors were identified: Busyness, Multiple Hats, Other People, Educational Structures, and Hospital Resources and Policies. Busyness emerged as the most important, but all factors had a substantial perceived impact on performance. Participants felt their performance on the Manager and Scholar roles was most affected by environmental factors (mostly negatively, due to decreased efficiency and impact on learning).
Conclusions In complex workplace environments, numerous factors shape performance. These contextual factors and their impact need to be considered in observations and judgements made about performance in the workplace, as without this understanding conclusions about competency may be flawed.
Bounded Ethicality and The Principle That “Ought” Implies “Can”
Authors: Kim Tae Wan , Monge Rosemarie , Strudler Alan 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT:In this article we investigate a philosophical problem for normative business ethics theory suggested by a phenomenon that contemporary psychologists call “bounded ethicality,” which can be identified with the putative fact that well-intentioned people, constrained by psychological limitations, make ethical choices inconsistent with their own ethical beliefs and commitments. When one combines the idea that bounded ethicality is pervasive with the idea that a person morally ought to do something only if she can, it raises a doubt about the practical relevance of the moral principles that business ethics theory prescribes. We call this doubt the Radical Behavioral Challenge. It consists in the idea that people cannot generally conform to the normative ethical principles that business ethics theorists prescribe, and that these principles are therefore practically irrelevant. We answer the Radical Behavioral Challenge and explore normative implications of our answer.
IRRIGATION AND SULPHUR FERTILIZATION EFFECTS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY AND GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS IN INDIAN MUSTARD
Authors: RAY K. , BANERJEE H. , PAUL T. , DAS T. K. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYThe response to sulphur (S) and irrigation of mustard although site-specific, is less studied across sites. Economics and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions are other important considerations for developing resource-efficient technologies, but hardly studied in mustard. The objectives of this study were to appraise productivity, economics and GHGs emissions under three irrigation regimes combined with four levels of S, laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Results showed that two irrigations at 30 and 60 DAS combined with 60 kg S ha−1resulted in highest gross and net returns, which were 30.9 and 37.2% higher than that in single irrigation at 30 DAS, and 47.2 and 68.0% higher than that in single irrigation at 60 DAS without S application, respectively. Estimated GHGs emissions from common inputs (machinery, diesel, fertilizer and insecticides) of mustard were 1486.2 kg CO2eq ha−1with greater share (95%) of fertilizer. Econometric analysis predicts that 1% increase in irrigation and S use will lead to 10.29 and 9.98% increase in mustard yield, respectively.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MENSTRUAL CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS AND PERCEIVED BODY IMAGE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY OF POLISH FEMALE ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Kaczmarek Maria , Trambacz-Oleszak Sylwia 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe increasing prevalence of negative body perceptions among adolescent girls and the tendency towards wishing to be thinner have become a cultural norm in Western culture. Adolescent girls are particularly vulnerable to developing a negative body image due to physical and sexual changes occurring during puberty. This study aimed to evaluate the association between different measures of body image perceptions and different phases of the menstrual cycle after controlling for weight status and other potential confounders in Polish adolescent girls aged 12–18 years. Three-hundred and thirty participants of a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2009, normally cycling and with no eating disorders, completed a background questionnaire and the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale, and their anthropometric measurements were collected. The dependent outcome variables were measures of body image (actual body image, ideal body image and ideal-self discrepancy) and dichotomous body image perception (satisfied versus dissatisfied) adjusted for other predictor factors: socio-demographic variables, menstrual history and cycle phases, and weight status. One-way ANOVA indicated that weight status, age at menarche and menstrual cycle phase were associated with actual body image and rate of ideal-self discrepancy. Ideal body image was associated with weight status and menstrual cycle phase. General logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate associations of body dissatisfaction and all potential predictor variables. The final selected model of the multiple logistic regression analysis using the backward elimination procedure revealed that adjusted for other factors, negative body image was significantly associated with different phases of the menstrual cycle (ptrend=0.033) and increasing body weight status (ptrend=0.0007). The likelihood of body dissatisfaction was greatest during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle (OR=2.38; 95% CI 1.06, 5.32) and among girls in obesity class I (OR=8.04; 95% CI 2.37, 27.26). The study confirmed the association between body image dissatisfaction in adolescent girls and different phases of the menstrual cycle after controlling for weight status. The issue of negative body self-image is not only of cognitive, but also of practical value as understanding better the factors contributing to the formation of a negative body image may be instrumental in developing preventive health programmes targeted at young people.