bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering lung adenocarcinoma prognosis and immunotherapy response through an AI‐driven stemness‐related gene signature
Authors: Ye Bicheng , Hongting Ge , Zhuang Wen , Chen Cheng , Yi Shulin , Tang Xinyan , Jiang Aimin , Zhong Yating 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths, and improving prognostic accuracy is vital for personalised treatment approaches, especially in the context of immunotherapy. In this study, we constructed an artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven stemness‐related gene signature (SRS) that deciphered LUAD prognosis and immunotherapy response. CytoTRACE analysis of single‐cell RNA sequencing data identified genes associated with stemness in LUAD epithelial cells. An AI network integrating traditional regression, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms constructed the SRS based on genes associated with stemness. Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive exploration of the connection between SRS and both intrinsic and extrinsic immune environments using multi‐omics data. Experimental validation through siRNA knockdown in LUAD cell lines, followed by assessments of proliferation, migration, and invasion, confirmed the functional role of CKS1B, a top SRS gene. The SRS demonstrated high precision in predicting LUAD prognosis and likelihood of benefiting from immunotherapy. High‐risk groups classified by the SRS exhibited decreased immunogenicity and reduced immune cell infiltration, indicating challenges for immunotherapy. Conversely, in vitro experiments revealed CKS1B knockdown significantly impaired aggressive cancer phenotypes like proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells, highlighting its pivotal role. These results underscore a close association between stemness and tumour immunity, offering predictive insights into the immune landscape and immunotherapy responses in LUAD. The newly established SRS holds promise as a valuable tool for selecting LUAD populations likely to benefit from future clinical stratification efforts.
Assessment of soft and hard tissue changes following micro crestal flap—Alveolar ridge preservation and augmentation at molar extraction sites in patients with stage III/IV periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Haoyun , Xu Tao , Wei Yiping , Wei Ning , Han Ziyao , Hu Wenjie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to assess hard and soft tissue contour changes following micro crestal flap‐alveolar ridge preservation (MCF‐ARP) and natural healing (NH) in periodontally compromised molar extraction sites and to analyse the feasibility and need for bone augmentation during implant therapy.Materials and MethodsFifty‐six patients with 70 sites were randomized into two groups at the site level (35 sites from 31 patients in the test group and 35 sites from 29 patients in the control group). Among whom, four patients contributed one tooth to the control group and one tooth to the test group. Hard tissue indicators were measured using cone beam computed tomography performed before tooth extraction and 6 months after surgery. Soft tissue contour changes were assessed using intraoral scanning performed before and immediately after surgery and also 2 weeks and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery.ResultsSix months after surgery, the MCF‐ARP group showed less resorption in buccal bone height (p = .032) and greater augmentation in central bone height (p = .001) and ridge width (p = .009). The mean, vertical and horizontal collapse of buccal soft tissue contour in the MCF‐ARP group were 0.95 mm (p = .010), 0.61 mm (p = .019) and 0.56 mm (p = .013) less than that in the NH group, respectively. There were significantly (p = .007) fewer sites in the MCF‐ARP group than in the NH group (0% vs. 26.7%) for staged bone augmentation and more sites that could be treated with simple implant procedure in the MCF‐ARP group than in the NH group (71.9% vs. 56.6%).ConclusionsCompared with NH, MCF‐ARP reduced bone resorption in periodontally compromised molar extraction sites and maintained the buccal soft tissue contour. MCF‐ARP reduces the need for complex bone augmentation procedures in implant therapy. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR) ChiCTR2200056335. Registered on 4 February 2022, Version 1.0.
Efficacy of long‐term low carbohydrate diets for patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ichikawa Takahiro , Okada Hiroshi , Hironaka Junya , Nakajima Hanako , Okamura Takuro , Majima Saori , Senmaru Takafumi , Ushigome Emi , Nakanishi Naoko , Hamaguchi Masahide , Joo Erina , Shide Kenichiro , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionEfficacy of long‐term low‐carbohydrate diets (LCD) to improve glycemic management for type 2 diabetes remains controversial. Thus, we investigated the association between long‐term LCD and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Database for articles published up to June 2023, and included randomized controlled trials conducted on LCD interventions for >12 months in adults with type 2 diabetes. Primary outcome was the difference in glycated hemoglobin between long‐term LCD and control groups. Additionally, we evaluated the differences in changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and weight between long‐term LCD and control groups.ResultsSix studies were identified and met the inclusion criteria. This study did not show significant differences in changes in glycated hemoglobin between long‐term LCD and control diets (standardized mean difference −0.11, 95% confidence interval −0.33 to 0.11, P = 0.32). As with glycemic control, there were no significant differences in the changes in weight loss, blood pressure, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol between long‐term LCD and control diets. However, long‐term LCD were associated with greater elevation in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (standardized mean difference 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.04–0.41; P = 0.02) and decrease in triglyceride (standardized mean difference −0.19; 95% confidence interval −0.37 to 0.02; P = 0.03) than that in control diets.ConclusionsOur findings suggest efficacy of long‐term LCD in treating dyslipidemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes, but do not recommend long‐term LCD for glycemic control in the individuals.
The effect of anxiety on all‐cause dementia: A longitudinal analysis from the Hunter Community Study
Authors: Khaing Kay , Dolja‐Gore Xenia , Nair Balakrishnan R. , Byles Julie , Attia John 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety is common, however, the effect of chronicity of anxiety on dementia has not been explored. This study aims to assess the longitudinal relationship between chronic versus resolved versus new onset anxiety, and all‐cause dementia risk.MethodsA total of 2132 participants with mean age 76 years from the Hunter Community Study were recruited. Anxiety was measured using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Dementia was defined as per International Classification of Disease—10 codes. The Fine–Gray subdistribution hazard model was computed to assess dementia risk, while adjusting for the competing risk of death.ResultsChronic anxiety and new onset anxiety at follow‐up were associated with all‐cause dementia risk (HR 2.80, 95% CI 1.35–5.72 and HR 3.20, 95% CI 1.40–7.45 respectively) with an average time to dementia diagnosis of 10 years (SD = 1.7) whereas resolved anxiety was not. In subgroup analyses, these results were driven particularly by chronic and new anxiety among participants below the age of 70 years (HR 4.58, 95% CI 01.12–18.81 and HR 7.21, 95%CI 1.86–28.02 respectively). Sensitivity analyses imputing missing data and addressing reverse causation gave very similar results.ConclusionChronic and new anxiety were associated with increased risk of all‐cause dementia, and this association was significant in those 70 years and younger. However, the resolved anxiety at follow‐up reduced the risk, similar to that of the non‐exposed group. These results suggest that timely management of anxiety may be a viable strategy in reducing the risk of dementia.
Bone microstructure as an indicator of digging ability in moles (Talpidae, Eulipotyphla)
Authors: Nakai Daichi , Yokohata Yasushi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTalpid moles (Talpidae, Eulipotyphla) are mammals highly specialised in burrowing using their forelimbs. Fossoriality has allowed moles to expand their ecological niche by enabling access to subterranean resources and spaces. This specialisation in burrowing has led to adaptations in the forelimb bones of moles for humeral rotation digging, a distinctive strategy unparalleled among other diggers. While bone robustness has been examined in moles through external morphology, the adaptation of bone microstructure to digging strategy remains unclear. Based on two assumptions, (1) the humerus of moles is subjected to a torsional load due to humeral rotation digging, and (2) the magnitude of torsional load correlates with the compactness of the substrate in which the individuals can dig, we hypothesised that humeral rotation digging influences bone microstructure. Comparative analyses of transverse sections from the humeri and femora of three mole species (Mogera imaizumii, Mogera wogura and Urotrichus talpoides; Talpidae) and an outgroup eulipotyphlan (Suncus murinus; Soricidae) revealed that (1) vascular canals distributed in the humeri of moles align more predominantly circumferential along the bone walls, indicating an adaptation to the torsion generated by humeral rotation digging, and (2) the laminarity of vascular canals, particularly in Mogera species compared with Urotrichus, potentially reflects differences in the magnitude of load due to substrate compactness during digging. The aligned vascular canals are distinctive traits not observed in mammals employing other digging strategies. This suggests that vascular canal laminarity can be an indicator of not only humeral rotation digging in fossorial animals, but also the variation of eco‐spaces in talpid species.
Concentrated growth factor intradermal injection assisted super‐thin flap expansion for repairing skin defects: A randomized, single blinded, split‐site study
Authors: Liang Rongzhou , Yang Sifen , Song Meihua , Kuang Baizeng , Li Kun , Huang Danli , Wang Chunmei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe super‐thin skin flap formed by skin and soft tissue expansion has large area and good ductility, so it can be used to repair skin defects. However, because the flap is thin, the blood flow in the dermis of the super‐thin expanded flap is weakened, and flap rupture and necrosis after secondary flap transfer may occur.ObjectiveTo compare the skin thickness difference between the expanded ultrathin flaps injected with concentrated growth factor (CGF) and the blank group or saline group.MethodsFrom June 2021 to December 2023, 10 patients (44 sites) with large‐area scars or skin tumors were treated, and a single center half randomized controlled trial was conducted. The test site of expander implantation was divided into three groups: intradermal injection of CGF group, normal saline group and blank group. The same amount of expansion was performed every 1–2 weeks, and CGF or normal saline was injected into the dermis every 4 weeks, a total of three times. After 2–3 months of expansion, color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the skin thickness of each group.ResultsCompared with the blank group, the skin thickness of CGF group was 1.75 ± 0.08 mm, and that of BLA blank group was 1.42 ± 0.07 mm, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001); In the other group, compared with the saline group, the skin thickness of the CGF group was 1.54 ± 0.08 mm, and the average skin thickness of the saline group was 1.40 ± 0.08 mm, with significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.0067).ConclusionCGF intradermal injection can increase the skin thickness of super‐thin skin flap in the process of soft tissue expansion, which is a safe and effective auxiliary method of skin expansion.
Comparison of therapeutic agents' short‐term effects on facial and scalp actinic keratosis: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Bamimore Mary A. , Wang Tong , Polla Ravi Shruthi , Haas‐Neil Sandor , Martin George , Piguet Vincent , Talukder Mesbah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCare for actinic keratosis (AK) can be improved with more knowledge on the relative of effect of indicated therapies.ObjectivesUsing network meta‐analyses, we quantitatively determined the comparative “short‐term” effects of interventions in adults with facial and scalp AK.MethodsOn February 28, 2023, evidence from the peer‐reviewed literature was systematically obtained from OVID, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov. We analyzed data from studies published in English, of a trial design, and investigating the effect of an actinic keratosis monotherapy. Patient complete clearance, patient partial clearance or lesion‐specific clearance across adults were analyzed at 8–12 weeks after therapy. Patient complete clearance pertained to proportion of participants who experienced complete clearance of actinic keratosis lesions; patient partial clearance corresponded to percentage of subjects who achieved at least 75% clearance of actinic keratosis lesions; lesion‐specific clearance represented the percentage of all lesions that were cleared. In the main (i.e., base) analyses, nodes were analyzed only at the level of the agent.ResultsData from a total of 84 studies were used—across which 22 active agents were identified. Estimates of interventions' surface under the cumulative ranking curve rankings and (pairwise) relative effects were estimated. Across the three outcomes, fluorouracil 5% was ranked the most effective.ConclusionsOur work is the first to provide information on covariate‐adjusted relative effects of actinic keratosis therapies— including the more recently reported treatments—for the face and scalp; this knowledge may help physicians and patients make more informed decisions.
Lupeol a predisposing factor in grey mould (Amphobotrys ricini [N.F. Buchw.]) Hennebert disease pathogenesis in castor (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: Greeshma K. , Uma Devi G. , Senthilvel S. , Dinesh Kumar V. , Gandhi B. , Shiva Shanker K. , Durga Prasad R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo understand the castor wax layer's multifaceted contribution to Amphobotrys ricini pathogenesis, the hydrophobic components of cuticular wax were analysed from waxy and non‐waxy castor genotypes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technology enabled the stable detection and quantitative determination of various fatty acids and terpenoids. The investigation revealed a significant presence of triterpenoid compound ‘lupeol’, accounting for approximately 53.6% of the wax composition in the waxy genotype (DCH‐519), which was absent in non‐waxy genotype (ICS‐324). On exposure to lupeol, about 93.3% of conidia germinated leading to rapid mycelium growth and sporulation of A. ricini. SEM analysis of waxy and non‐waxy genotypes infected with A. ricini confirmed faster germination and production of longer germ tubes on waxy genotype compared with non‐waxy genotype, which may likely due to early recognition of the suitable host in the presence of lupeol, ultimately aiding in speedy germination and growth of the pathogen setting pace for pathogenesis.
Seaweeds as holobionts: Current state, challenges, and potential applications
Authors: Marzinelli Ezequiel M. , Thomas Torsten , Vadillo Gonzalez Sebastian , Egan Suhelen , Steinberg Peter D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeaweeds play a strong ecological and economical role along the world's coastlines, where they support industries (e.g., aquaculture, bioproducts) and essential ecosystem services (e.g., biodiversity, fisheries, carbon capture). Evidence from wild and cultured seaweeds suggests that microorganisms play crucial roles in their health and functioning, prompting the need for considering seaweeds and their microbiome as a coherent entity or “holobiont.” Here we show that the number of studies investigating seaweed hosts and their microbiome have increased in the last two decades. This likely reflects the increase in the appreciation of the importance of microbiomes for eukaryotic hosts, improved molecular approaches used to characterize their interactions, and increasing interest in commercial use of seaweeds. However, although increasing, most studies of seaweed holobionts have focused on (i) a few seaweed species of ecological or commercial significance, (ii) interactions involving only bacteria, and (iii) descriptive rather than experimental approaches. The relatively few experimental studies have mostly focused on manipulating abiotic factors to examine responses of seaweeds and their microbiome. Of the few studies that directly manipulated microorganisms to investigate their effects on seaweeds, most were done in laboratory or aquaria. We emphasize the need to move beyond the descriptions of patterns to experimental approaches for understanding causation and mechanisms. We argue that such experimental approaches are necessary for a better understanding of seaweed holobionts, for management actions for wild and cultivated seaweeds, and to better integrate studies of seaweed holobionts with the broader fields of seaweed ecology and biology, which are strongly experimental.
Effect of midodrine on HVPG in advanced chronic liver disease and acute‐on‐chronic liver failure—A pilot study
Authors: Vashishtha Chitranshu , Bhardwaj Ankit , Jindal Ankur , Kumar Manoj , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsNonselective beta‐blockers (NSBB) are the mainstay for treatment of portal hypertension (PH), but require caution in decompensated cirrhosis (DC) or acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) with hypotension, hyponatremia, acute kidney injury (AKI) or type 2 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Midodrine is oral, rapidly acting, α1‐adrenergic agonist. We evaluated acute effects of midodrine on hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) in DC and ACLF with contraindications to NSBB.MethodsPatients of DC (n = 30) with grade III ascites and serum sodium (Na) <130/systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90/type II HRS (group I) and ACLF patients (n = 30) with Na <130/SBP <90/AKI (group II) were included. HVPG was done at baseline and repeated 3 h after 10 mg midodrine. Primary outcome was HVPG response (reduction by >20% or to <12 mmHg).ResultsIn group I, midodrine significantly reduced HVPG (19.2 ± 4.6 to 17.8 ± 4.2, p = .02) and heart rate (HR) (86.3 ± 11.6 to 77.9 ± 13.1, p < .01) and increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) (74.1 ± 6.9 to 81.9 ± 6.6 mmHg, p < .01). In group II also, midodrine reduced HVPG (19.1 ± 4.1 to 17.0 ± 4.2) and HR (92.4 ± 13.7 to 84.6 ± 14.1) and increased MAP (85.4 ± 7.3 to 91.2 ± 7.6 mmHg), p < .01 for all. HVPG response was achieved in 3/30 (10%) in group I and 8/30 (26.7%) in group II. On logistic regression analysis, prerenal AKI (OR 11.04, 95% CI 1.83–66.18, p < .01) and increase in MAP (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03–1.43, p = .02) were independent predictors of response. Increase in MAP by 8.5 mmHg with midodrine had best cut‐off with AUROC of .76 for response.ConclusionIn decompensated cirrhosis and ACLF patients with contraindications to NSBB, midodrine is useful in decreasing HVPG. Dose of midodrine should be titrated to increase MAP atleast by 8.5 mmHg.
Extra‐pair paternity in two passerine birds breeding in a gradient of urbanisation
Authors: Di Lecce Irene , Sudyka Joanna , Perrier Charles , Szulkin Marta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUrbanisation has been increasing worldwide in recent decades, driving environmental change and exerting novel selective pressures on wildlife. Phenotypic differences between urban and rural individuals have been widely documented in several taxa. However, the extent to which urbanisation impacts mating strategies is less known. Here, we investigated extra‐pair paternity variation in great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) breeding in nestboxes set in a gradient of urbanisation in Warsaw, Poland, over three breeding seasons. Urbanisation was quantified as the amount of light pollution, noise pollution, impervious surface area (ISA) and tree cover within a 100‐m radius around each nestbox. We obtained genotypes for 1213 great tits at 7344 SNP markers and for 1299 blue tits at 9366 SNP markers with a genotyping‐by‐sequencing method, and inferred extra‐pair paternity by computing a genomewide relatedness matrix. We report higher extra‐pair paternity in blue tits breeding in more urbanised areas, for example, with higher light pollution and ISA, and lower tree cover. However, no such trend was found in great tits. Late‐stage survival of individual nestlings in both species was not associated with paternity or urbanisation proxies, thus we were not able to detect fitness benefits or drawbacks of being an extra‐pair offspring in relation to urbanisation. Our results contribute to the growing body of knowledge reporting on the effects of urbanisation on avian ecology and behaviour, and confirm species‐specific and population‐specific patterns of extra‐pair paternity variation.
Bertrand‐Edgeworth game under oligopoly. General results and comparisons with duopoly
Authors: De Francesco Massimo A. , Salvadori Neri 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper studies price competition among a given number of capacity‐constrained producers of a homogeneous commodity under the efficient rationing rule and constant (and identical) marginal cost until full capacity, when demand is a continuous, non‐increasing, and non‐negative function defined on the set of non‐negative prices and is positive, strictly decreasing, twice differentiable and (weakly) concave when positive. The focus is on general properties of equilibria in the region of the capacity space in which no pure strategy equilibria exist. We study how the properties that are known to hold for the duopoly are generalized to the oligopoly and we highlight the new properties that can arise in asymmetric oligopoly, which include the existence of an atom in the support of the equilibrium strategy of a firm smaller than the largest one, the properties that such an atom entails, the existence of gaps in the supports, and asymmetries in the equilibrium distributions of equally‐sized firms smaller than the largest one. Further, we provide results about the boundaries of the supports. Although the characterization of equilibria is far from being complete, this paper provides substantial elements in this direction.
Telescopic broad Bayesian learning for big data stream
Authors: Yuen Ka‐Veng , Kuok Sin‐Chi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a novel telescopic broad Bayesian learning (TBBL) is proposed for sequential learning. Conventional broad learning suffers from the singularity problem induced by the complexity explosion as data are accumulated. The proposed TBBL successfully overcomes the challenging issue and is feasible for sequential learning with big data streams. The learning network of TBBL is reconfigurable to adopt network augmentation and condensation. As time evolves, the learning network is augmented to incorporate the newly available data and additional network components. Meanwhile, the learning network is condensed to eliminate the network connections and components with insignificant contributions. Moreover, as a benefit of Bayesian inference, the uncertainty of the estimates can be quantified. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed TBBL, the performance on highly nonstationary piecewise time series and complex multivariate time series with 100 million data points are presented. Furthermore, an application for long‐term structural health monitoring is presented.