bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Health of Transgender Youth Following Gender Identity Milestones by Level of Family Support
Authors: Campbell Travis , Mann Samuel , Rodgers Yana van der Meulen , Tran Nathaniel M. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceTransgender youth are at an elevated risk for adverse mental health outcomes compared with their cisgender peers. Identifying opportunities for intervention is a priority.ObjectiveTo estimate differences in the association between gender identity milestones and mental health outcomes among transgender youth, stratified by level of family support.Design, Settings, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study compares changes in mental health outcomes among transgender youth who initiate gender identity milestones compared with those who initiate the same milestones 1 year later, stratified by level of family support, using the 2015 US Transgender Survey. The analytic samples included 18 303 transgender adults aged 18 and older who had initiated at least 1 gender identity milestone between ages 4 and 18 years.ExposureFour gender identity milestones: feeling one’s gender was different, thinking of oneself as transgender, telling another that one is transgender, and living full-time in one’s gender identity, stratified by 3 levels of family support: supportive, neutral, and adverse.Main OutcomesAge at first suicide attempt and at running away.ResultsStudy participants included 18 303 transgender adults (10 288 [56.2%] assigned female at birth; 14 777 [80.7%] White). Initiating a gender identity milestone was associated with a higher risk of suicide attempt and running away from home among transgender youth. This finding was driven by children who live in unsupportive families. For example, thinking of oneself as transgender was associated with a meaningful increase in the overall probability of attempting suicide among those in either adverse families (estimate = 1.75 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.47-3.03) or neutral families (estimate = 1.39 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.72-2.05). Among youth living with supportive families, there were no statistically significant associations between gender identity milestones and adverse mental health outcomes and 95% CIs generally ruled out any meaningful associations.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that without a supportive family environment, gender identity development increases the risk of transgender youth attempting suicide or running away from home. Social services and community resources to establish supportive relationships between transgender children and their parents are essential.
TET3 Contributes to Exercise‐Induced Functional Axon Regeneration and Visual Restoration
Authors: Fang Si , Ji Yunxiang , Shen Yilan , Yang Simin , Zhang Hongli , Xin Wenfeng , Shi Weidong , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAxons have intrinsically poor regenerative capacity in the mature central nervous system (CNS), leading to permanent neurological impairments in individuals. There is growing evidence that exercise is a powerful physiological intervention that can obviously enhance cell rejuvenate capacity, but its molecular mechanisms that mediate the axonal regenerative benefits remain largely unclear. Using the eye as the CNS model, here it is first indicated that placing mice in an exercise stimulation environment induced DNA methylation patterns and transcriptomes of retinal ganglion cell, promoted axon regeneration after injury, and reversed vision loss in aged mice. These beneficial effects are dependent on the DNA demethylases TET3‐mediated epigenetic effects, which increased the expression of genes associated with the regenerative growth programs, such as STAT3, Wnt5a, Klf6. Exercise training also shows with the improved mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in retinas and optic nerves via TET3. Collectively, these results suggested that the increased regenerative capacity induced by enhancing physical activity is mediated through epigenetic reprogramming in mouse model of optic nerve injury and in aged mouse. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying exercise‐dependent neuronal plasticity led to the identification of novel targets for ameliorating pathologies associated with etiologically diverse diseases.
Controllable Double‐Emulsion Droplet Manipulation Actuated by a Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Yu Mingyu , Xie Zhijie , Hou Likai , Liu Jiuqing , Zhang Kailiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectrically controlled droplet manipulation is attractive for lots of applications ranging from material synthesis and drug delivery. However, the present techniques using bulky and expensive power supplies to generate high‐voltage electrical signals are easy to cause electrode electrolysis, bubble formation in buffer solution, and are incapable for point‐of‐care testing. Herein, a novel and portable electrical method for self‐powered emulsion droplet core coalescence and release based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is presented. The electrical signal with a 2.25 kV open‐voltage and a 35 µA short‐circuit current can be conveniently generated via frictional electrification effect, and the harmful electrochemical reaction in solutions can be avoided. The high transient pulse voltage and stable sinusoidal signal between two electrodes in microfluidic device can generate a strong electric field, which causes apparent Maxwell electrical stresses at droplet interfaces and subsequently promotes the core coalescence and release of double‐emulsions. By adjusting the voltage magnitude, the core coalescence and release behaviors of double‐emulsion droplets can be controllably achieved, followed by the synthesis copper‐based metal–organic framework (Cu‐MOF) nanoparticles. Thus, this portable, effective and self‐powered droplet manipulation technique can be attractive for those droplet‐based applications.
In Situ Assembly of Metal‐Organic Coordination Polymer Layers Enables Highly Reversible Zn Anodes with a Long Cycle Life of over 6900 h
Authors: Shen Tianyu , Fang Miaojie , Lv Taoyuze , Wu Hongbo , Sheng Ouwei , Yang Tao , Dong Chang , Ji Haojie , Zhang Erpan , Zhang Xiaoyang , Zhang Chaofeng , Zheng Rongkun , Zhang Jian , Zhang Xuefeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractZn anodes in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries chronically suffer from pernicious side reactions and ineluctable dendrite growth, resulting in inadequate reversibility and suboptimal Coulombic efficiency (CE) and impeding commercialization. Herein, a multifunctional metal–organic coordination polymer layer (FAZ) is constructed on the zinc anode surface (FAZ@Zn) utilizing a simple self‐assembly strategy. The zincophilic FAZ interfacial layer with a high Zn2+ transfer number and low nucleation barrier effectively facilitates the de‐solvation process, supports the rapid transport of zinc ions, and contributes to the preferential growth of Zn (002) crystal planes, enabling dendrite‐free Zn deposition. Furthermore, the FAZ layer, as an interfacial pH regulating layer, effectively inhibits the direct contact between Zn and active water molecules, lowering the severity of side reactions. Consequently, the FAZ@Zn anode furnishes an eminent cycle stability over 6900 h, with a low polarization voltage at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2 and a boosted CE of 99.88% over 4100 cycles. More encouragingly, when coupled with Na2V6O16·3H2O, the FAZ@Zn anode enables the full cell to deliver satisfactory rate performance and a 97% capacity retention over 1600 cycles. This work provides a simple strategy for the effective preparation of highly reversible zinc anodes for high‐performance aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Multi‐Interfacial Heterostructure Design of Carbon Fiber/Silicone Rubber‐Oriented Composites for Microwave Absorption and Thermal Management
Authors: Liu Yijie , Zhou Jintang , Ning Zuolong , Huang Hexia , Cheng Zhenyu , Duan Lvtong , Wang Yucheng , Tao Xuewei , Liu Peijiang , Ma Yao , Yao Zhengjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn order to ensure the operation and longevity of electronic devices, the design of multifunctional composites integrating microwave absorption (MA) and thermal conduction has become the key to solving the problem. However, the superior MA properties and thermal conductivity are usually incompatible in the blend system. In this study, a modified carbon fiber/silicone rubber‐oriented structure is designed based on the multiscale design concept of heterostructures with multiple interfaces. The forward deposition‐reverse growth mechanism is utilized at the microscopic level to construct multi‐interfacial heterogeneous structures on the surface of 1D carbon fibers (CFs). The magneto‐electric coupling network of the multi‐interfacial heterostructure induces interfacial polarization and enhances MA properties and heat transfer. Subsequently, the structural design of the modified CFs is carried out on a macroscopic scale using the ice template method. The directionally aligned modified CFs/silicone rubber aerogel composites are obtained by backfilling with silicone rubber (SR). The samples achieved an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.41 GHz and a maximum reflection loss of −42.29 dB with ultra‐thin thickness (1.3 mm). The thermal conductivity of the sample is improved to 200% compared to pure silicone rubber. The composites with directional alignment have promising applications in lightweight and flexible electronic packaging.
Systemic Administration of Neurotransmitter‐Derived Lipidoids‐PROTACs‐DNA Nanocomplex Promotes Tau Clearance and Cognitive Recovery for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy
Authors: Gong Baofeng , Zhang Weicong , Cong Wei , Gu Yuankai , Ji Wenbo , Yin Tong , Zhou Honglei , Hu Honggang , Zhuang Jianhua , Luo Yi , Liu Yan , Gao Jie , Yin You 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant burden on the economy and healthcare systems worldwide. Although the pathophysiology of AD remains debatable, its progression is strongly correlated with the accumulation of tau aggregates. Therefore, tau clearance from brain lesions can be a promising strategy for AD therapy. To achieve this, the present study combined proteolysis‐targeting chimera (PROTAC), a novel protein‐degradation technique that mediates degradation of target proteins via the ubiquitin‐proteasome system, and a neurotransmitter‐derived lipidoid (NT‐lipidoid) nanoparticle delivery system with high blood‐brain barrier‐penetration activity, to generate a novel nanomedicine named NPD. Peptide 1, a cationic tau‐targeting PROTAC is loaded onto the positively charged nanoparticles using DNA‐intercalation technology. The resulting nanomedicine displayed good encapsulation efficiency, serum stability, drug release profile, and blood‐brain barrier‐penetration capability. Furthermore, NPD potently induced tau clearance in both cultured neuronal cells and the brains of AD mice. Moreover, intravenous injection of NPD led to a significant improvement in the cognitive function of the AD mice, without any remarkable abnormalities, thereby supporting its clinical development. Collectively, the novel nanomedicine developed in this study may serve as an innovative strategy for AD therapy, since it effectively and specifically induces tau protein clearance in brain lesions, which in turn enhances cognition.
Giant Room‐Temperature Topological Hall Effect in a Square‐Net Ferromagnet LaMn2Ge2
Authors: Roychowdhury Subhajit , Yanda Premakumar , Samanta Kartik , Yi Changjiang , Yao Mengyu , Orlandi Fabio , Manuel Pascal , Khalyavin Dmitry , Valle Enrico Giuseppe Della , Constantinou Procopios , Strocov Vladimir N. , Vergniory Maia G. , Shekhar Chandra , Felser Claudia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA topological magnetic material showcases a multitude of intriguing properties resulting from the compelling interplay between topology and magnetism. These include notable phenomena such as a large anomalous Nernst effect (ANE), an anomalous Hall effect (AHE), and a topological Hall effect (THE). In most cases, topological transport phenomena are prevalent at temperatures considerably lower than room temperature, presenting a challenge for practical applications. However, the noncollinear ferromagnetic (FM) LaMn2Ge2, characterized by a Mn square‐net lattice and a notably high Curie temperature (TC) of approximately 325 K, defies this trend as a topological semimetal. This work observes a giant topological Hall resistivity, , of ≈4.5 µΩ cm at room temperature when the angle between the applied field and the c‐axis is 75°, which is significantly higher than state‐of‐the‐art materials with noncoplanar spin structures. The single crystal neutron diffraction measurements agree with an incommensurate conical magnetic structure as the ground state. This observation suggests the enhanced spin chirality resulting from the noncoplanar spin configuration when the applied field is away from the magnetic easy axis as the origin of a large contribution to the observed THE. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that the FM LaMn2Ge2 holds great promise as a potential topological semimetal for spintronic applications even at room temperature.
2D Reconfigurable Memory Device Enabled by Defect Engineering for Multifunctional Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Xia Yunpeng , Lin Ning , Zha Jiajia , Huang Haoxin , Zhang Yiwen , Liu Handa , Tong Jinyi , Xu Songcen , Yang Peng , Wang Huide , Zheng Long , Zhang Zhuomin , Yang Zhengbao , Chen Ye , Chan Hau Ping , Wang Zhongrui , Tan Chaoliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this era of artificial intelligence and Internet of Things, emerging new computing paradigms such as in‐sensor and in‐memory computing call for both structurally simple and multifunctional memory devices. Although emerging two‐dimensional (2D) memory devices provide promising solutions, the most reported devices either suffer from single functionalities or structural complexity. Here, this work reports a reconfigurable memory device (RMD) based on MoS2/CuInP2S6 heterostructure, which integrates the defect engineering‐enabled interlayer defects and the ferroelectric polarization in CuInP2S6, to realize a simplified structure device for all‐in‐one sensing, memory and computing. The plasma treatment‐induced defect engineering of the CuInP2S6 nanosheet effectively increases the interlayer defect density, which significantly enhances the charge‐trapping ability in synergy with ferroelectric properties. The reported device not only can serve as a non‐volatile electronic memory device, but also can be reconfigured into optoelectronic memory mode or synaptic mode after controlling the ferroelectric polarization states in CuInP2S6. When operated in optoelectronic memory mode, the all‐in‐one RMD could diagnose ophthalmic disease by segmenting vasculature within biological retinas. On the other hand, operating as an optoelectronic synapse, this work showcases in‐sensor reservoir computing for gesture recognition with high energy efficiency.
Effect of APOE ɛ4 Status on Brain Amyloid‐β and Cognitive Function in Amnestic and Nonamnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A [18F] Florbetapir PET‐CT Study
Authors: Wang Mengjie , Zhang Zhengwei , Wang Ying , Huang Lin , Huang Qi , Ren Shuhua , Qian Luojun , Ni Ruiqing , Guo Qihao , Guan Yihui , Xie Fang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is recognized as a predementia syndrome caused by multiple etiologies and nonmemory symptoms in MCI have recently gained increasing attention. However, the pattern of Aβ deposition and the effect of APOE (apolipoprotein E, APOE) ε4 on cognitive impairment in amnestic MCI (aMCI) and nonamnestic MCI (naMCI) patients has not been demonstrated. In this work, the amyloid‐β (Aβ) load by [18F]florbetapir PET imaging and cognitive performance is compared by comprehensive neuropsychological scales in participants with different MCI types or different APOE ε4 carriage status. According to the Aβ positivity and results of voxel‐wise analysis, higher Aβ loads are observed in aMCI patients than naMCI patients, especially aMCI patients with APOE ε4. Additionally, it is observed that memory domain Z scores show a strong negative correlation with global florbetapir SUVR in the aMCI group (r = – 0.352, p < 0.001) but not in the naMCI group (r = –0.016, p = 0.924). Moreover, this correlation is independent of APOE e4 carriage status. This study aims to identify high‐risk groups at an early stage of AD(Alzheimer's Disease, AD) through cognitive performance and APOE ε4 carrier status, which can be important for guiding clinical intervention trials.
Morphological Brain Networks of White Matter: Mapping, Evaluation, Characterization, and Application
Authors: Li Junle , Jin Suhui , Li Zhen , Zeng Xiangli , Yang Yuping , Luo Zhenzhen , Xu Xiaoyu , Cui Zaixu , Liu Yaou , Wang Jinhui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough white matter (WM) accounts for nearly half of adult brain, its wiring diagram is largely unknown. Here, an approach is developed to construct WM networks by estimating interregional morphological similarity based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. It is found that morphological WM networks showed nontrivial topology, presented good‐to‐excellent test‐retest reliability, accounted for phenotypic interindividual differences in cognition, and are under genetic control. Through integration with multimodal and multiscale data, it is further showed that morphological WM networks are able to predict the patterns of hamodynamic coherence, metabolic synchronization, gene co‐expression, and chemoarchitectonic covariance, and associated with structural connectivity. Moreover, the prediction followed WM functional connectomic hierarchy for the hamodynamic coherence, is related to genes enriched in the forebrain neuron development and differentiation for the gene co‐expression, and is associated with serotonergic system‐related receptors and transporters for the chemoarchitectonic covariance. Finally, applying this approach to multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, it is found that both diseases exhibited morphological dysconnectivity, which are correlated with clinical variables of patients and are able to diagnose and differentiate the diseases. Altogether, these findings indicate that morphological WM networks provide a reliable and biologically meaningful means to explore WM architecture in health and disease.
An Ultrasensitive Biosensor for Probing Subcellular Distribution and Mitochondrial Transport of l‐2‐Hydroxyglutarate
Authors: Kang Zhaoqi , Hou Shuang , Gao Kaiyu , Liu Yidong , Zhang Ning , Fang Zhiqing , Zhang Wen , Xu Xianzhi , Xu Rong , Lü Chuanjuan , Ma Cuiqing , Xu Ping , Gao Chao 
Published: July 2024

Abstractl‐2‐Hydroxyglutarate (l‐2‐HG) is a functionally compartmentalized metabolite involved in various physiological processes. However, its subcellular distribution and mitochondrial transport remain unclear owing to technical limitations. In the present study, an ultrasensitive l‐2‐HG biosensor, sfLHGFRH, composed of circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein and l‐2‐HG‐specific transcriptional regulator, is developed. The ability of sfLHGFRH to be used for analyzing l‐2‐HG metabolism is first determined in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293FT) and macrophages. Then, the subcellular distribution of l‐2‐HG in HEK293FT cells and the lower abundance of mitochondrial l‐2‐HG are identified by the sfLHGFRH‐supported spatiotemporal l‐2‐HG monitoring. Finally, the role of the l‐glutamate transporter SLC1A1 in mitochondrial l‐2‐HG uptake is elucidated using sfLHGFRH. Based on the design of sfLHGFRH, another highly sensitive biosensor with a low limit of detection, sfLHGFRL, is developed for the point‐of‐care diagnosis of l‐2‐HG‐related diseases. The accumulation of l‐2‐HG in the urine of patients with kidney cancer is determined using the sfLHGFRL biosensor.
Interstitial Defect Modulation Promotes Thermoelectric Properties of p‐Type HfNiSn
Authors: Ai Xin , Xue Wenhua , Giebeler Lars , Pérez Nicolás , Lei Binghua , Zhang Yue , Zhang Qihao , Nielsch Kornelius , Wang Yumei , He Ran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe n‐type MNiSn (M = Ti, Zr, or Hf) half‐Heusler compounds are reported as promising medium‐ and high‐temperature thermoelectric materials; however, their p‐type counterparts have suffered from poor performance due to the in‐gap state caused by Ni occupying the tetrahedral interstitials. Inspired by recent findings that thermoelectric performance can be enhanced without substantially increasing compositional or structural complexity, the study attempts to manipulate the Ni interstitial defects by altering the stoichiometric composition. The results show that when HfNiSn is prepared by a non‐equilibrium method, the intrinsic Ni defects are effectively suppressed by simply reducing the nominal Ni content. The suppression of Ni defects not only leads to a larger bandgap, but also attenuates carrier scattering to achieve higher mobility. After further optimization of the carrier concentration, the p‐type HfNi0.85Co0.05Sn achieves a maximum power factor of 3100 µW m−1 K−2 at 773 K and a peak zT of ≈0.7 at 973 K, both of which are superior to that of the state‐of‐the‐art p‐type MNiSn. The results demonstrate that the off‐stoichiometric ratio is effective in decoupling electron‐phonon transports of thermoelectric materials with massive intrinsic defects, and also contribute to understanding the role of defect modulation in optimizing thermoelectric properties.
Winter wheat source‐sink relationships under various planting modes, complementary irrigation, and planting densities
Authors: Dai Yulong , Liao Zhenqi , Pei Shengzhao , Zhang Fucang , Li Zhijun , Fan Junliang , Cui Yuanlai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVarious agronomic practices can affect the processes of aboveground dry matter accumulation (source) and grain filling (sink), resulting in yield differences. Improved source‐sink relationships can facilitate the production and accumulation of assimilates to increase the productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A two‐season field experiment was undertaken on winter wheat during 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. In a split‐split‐plot design with three replicates (randomized blocks), we compared two planting modes (ridge‐furrow planting with plastic mulching [RFPM]; traditional flat planting [TF]), two complementary irrigation levels (I30+30: 30+30 mm; I0: no irrigation), and three planting densities (D1, D2, and D3: 240, 360, and 480 plants m−2). The results showed that RFPMI30+30 significantly increased maximum yield by 28.5% compared with TFI0. Although D3 increased the number of effective spikes per unit area and duration of grain filling compared to D2, it reduced the number of grains per spike, 1000‐grain weight, and average filling rate. Compared to TF and I0, RFPM and I30+30 improved the sink/source ratio by 5.3% and 6.5%, respectively. Grain yield peaked at D2 in the RFPM and at D3 in the TF. Medium planting density (D2) and complementary irrigation (I30+30) during the wintering and reviving periods under RFPM can achieve better source‐sink balance relationships and the maximum grain yield of winter wheat. Overall, we believe that in most cases, wheat yields are source‐limited and can be improved by ridge‐furrow planting with plastic mulching, complementary irrigation, and planting density regulation.