bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology and Management of Amphetamine-Related Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Jupe T. , Stamoulis N. , Varsamis A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAmphetamines may induce symptoms of psychosis very similar to those of acute schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. This has been an argument for using amphetamine-induced psychosis as a model for primary psychotic disorders. To distinguish the two types of psychosis on the basis of acute symptoms is difficult. However, acute psychosis induced by amphetamines seems to have a faster recovery and appears to resolve more completely compared to schizophrenic psychosis.ObjectivesThe objectives of this e-poster is to identify the pathophysiology of amphetamine-related psychiatric disorders and outline the available treatment and management options for amphetamine-related psychiatric disorders.MethodsA bibliopgraphical review was performed using PubMed platform. All relevant articles were found using the keywords: psychotic episode, amphetamines, pathophysiology and menagement.Results

Amphetamines inhibit monoamine (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin) reuptake, leading to increased monoamine concentrations in the neuronal synapse. Amphetamines can also lead to increased monoamines in the cytosol by interactions with vesicular monoamine transporter 2. Dopamine and norepinephrine release in the nucleus accumbens results in a feeling of euphoria and a reward feedback loop, which may result in addiction. Studies also suggest increased dopaminergic pathways lead to glutamate excesses in the cerebral cortex, altering the function of cortical GABAergic neurons. This damage leads to dysregulation of glutamate in the cerebral cortex, a precursor to psychosis. Prior psychiatric studies have found that GABAergic cortical dysfunction seems to relate to schizophrenia. Generally, acutely agitated psychotic patients are treated with intravenous benzodiazepines (lorazepam, diazepam, or midazolam) as first-line agents. However, if a second-line agent is needed, antipsychotic medicines like risperidone, haloperidol, ziprasidone, and olanzapine have been successful in managing amphetamine-associated psychosis. Lipophilic beta-blockers, such as metoprolol and labetalol, have also been used successfully to resolve agitation and hyperadrenergic vital signs.ConclusionsCompared to schizophrenic psychosis, amphetamine-induced acute psychosis induced appears to demonstrate a more rapid recovery. It also seems to resolve with substance abstinence; however, this recovery may be incomplete.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Wellbeing after Brief Alcohol Interventions in Male Inpatients in a General Hospital in Singapore
Authors: Lew Z. W. , Lim C. S. , Ong H. S. , Ong R. M. , Ng Y. C. , Teo W. L. , Peh L. H. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionHarmful alcohol consumption has significant cost on health and is associated with lower quality of life (e.g., Lu et al. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:789). In Singapore, a significant proportion of the adult population exhibit alcohol misuse behaviours (e.g., Lim et al. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:992). Many patients admitted into general hospitals have excessive alcohol consumption and related problems. These admissions can be an opportunity for intervention due to accessibility to the individuals and their time (Saitz et al. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146 167-176). Some studies have suggested that brief alcohol interventions (BAI) delivered in general hospitals can be effective in reducing alcohol use. However, there has been less support for the benefits of BAI on wellbeing.ObjectivesThis study investigated the effectiveness of BAI in improving perceived sense of wellbeing among male alcohol users admitted to a general hospital in Singapore.Methods
108 male inpatients in various medical wards received BAI by the hospital’s addiction counsellors and completed the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) questionnaire. At a one-year follow-up via telephone, the PWI was again administered.Results
Average PWI scores were higher at follow-up (M = 7.83, SD = 1.16) than during baseline admission (M = 7.60, SD = 1.12), p < 0.01. Further analyses found that scores improved significantly on PWI items related to standard of living (M = 7.36, SD = 1.41 vs M = 7.09, SD = 1.65; p < 0.05), health (M = 7.42, SD = 1.74 vs M = 6.62, SD = 1.87; p < 0.01) and achievement (M = 7.43, SD = 1.44 vs M = 6.98, SD = 1.64; p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in scores on the other PWI items between baseline and follow-up.ConclusionsConclusions: The results suggest that BAI can be beneficial in improving patients’ sense of wellbeing.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
An exploration of the most frequent comorbidities in patients with mobile phone addiction
Authors: Vasiliu O. , Vasiliu D. G. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionMobile phone addiction (MPA) has been associated in the literature with various psychiatric comorbidities and psychological risk factors, which indicates the need to screen these patients for multiple disorders. However, a clear protocol for the evaluation of individuals with an MPA does not yet exist, therefore, investigating the most prominent risks for comorbidities is considered necessary from the perspective of developing structured methods of assessment.ObjectivesThe main objective of this review was to determine the available existence able to describe the most common comorbidities in individuals presenting with MPA.Methods
Data regarding MPA were collected from the main medical electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Clarivate/Web of Science), but also from other sources (main engines research and grey literature). All published papers between January 2000 and July 2023 were included in the primary selection, if they corresponded to the paradigm „mobile phone addiction”/”cell phone addiction”/”mobile phone dependence” and „comorbidity”/”dual diagnosis”.ResultsBased on the review of six papers, the most frequently reported comorbidity in MPA patients were substance use disorders (mainly nicotine and cannabis) and other behavioral addictions (especially problematic Internet use). Other symptoms or syndromes reported in the literature as co-occurring with MPA were anxiety, depression, high levels of stress-related pathology, sleep disturbances, emotional instability, and somatization. Overall lower levels of mental health were reported in patients with MPA. A heterogeneity in the results of these epidemiological studies was observed because of the different instruments administered and the populations explored.ConclusionsThe screening for detection of comorbid disorders or psychological problems in patients with MPA is important because the case manager should integrate all this information into a therapeutic strategy.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Drama-based therapy program in the recovery of adults with addictive disorders
Authors: Krupa M. , Balogh-Pécsi A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionFollowing the pandemic, we can find many new communication situations. Social relationships have changed a lot and are developing differently due to digital development, new lifestyles, and the effects of COVID-19. These components: social media, the transformation of interpersonal relationships, and the use of the platforms provided by the internet can lead to addictive disorders as risk factors.ObjectivesIn this presentation, we review studies investigating the relationship between the new digital techniques, social connection, and communication development of adults with addictive disorders. We attempt to provide a summary of new theories and the areas currently being researched around the topic. Another aim of our research is to present the new drama-based therapy theories and methods in adults with addictive disorders.MethodsTo learn about recent international results, we conducted a literature search in 3 databases (PubMed, Medline, Web of Science) using the following keywords: drama therapy, addiction, emotion regulation, and adults, over the past 5 years. Empirical journal articles in English were used to prepare the literature review. Exclusion criteria were: the appearance publication before the year 2017 and the adolescent population.ResultsChanges in social behavior, emotion regulation, and addictive disorder were correlated. The studies examined social communications and loneliness in primarily cross-sectional studies design. The escapism from interpersonal relations and low self-esteem is the highest motivation to start regular videogame playing or using social media without control which becomes an addictive disorder.ConclusionsProblematic social media use and changes in social connection threaten adults’ mental health. The diagnosis of emotion dysregulation, low self-esteem, and social disconnection is the detection of risk factors for addictive disorders. The new methods and tools of drama-based therapy are new prevention possibilities for these risk factors. In this way, it is a relevant issue in the field of education science.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Epigenetic biomarkers of borderline personality disorder with severe suicidal behaviors
Authors: Jokinen J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with excess suicide risk, natural-cause mortality, comorbid medical conditions, poor health habits and stress related epigenomic alterations. This presentation will report findings of BDNF and stress system associated epigenetic alterations in a group of severely impaired BPD and suicidal patients. Further, findings of GrimAge – a state-of-the-art epigenetic age (EA) estimator- in patients with BPD and attempted suicide patients will be presented. Genome-wide methylation patterns were measured using the Illumina Infinum Methylation Epic BeadChip in whole blood from well characterized 97 BPD patients, 88 suicide attempters and 32 healthy controls.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Cannabinoids Hyperemesis Syndrome – An Urgent Call for Timely Diagnosis, Management, and Future Directions– A Case Report and Review of the Updated Literature
Authors: Poudel S. , Choudhari J. , Panta N. , Kumar H. , Ahmed S. , Leszkowitz D. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionCannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is distinguished by a pathognomonic cyclic pattern of hyperemesis characterized by recurring episodes of severe vomiting every few weeks to months, as well as obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior, such as a proclivity to take frequent hot baths or showers. It is largely accepted as the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States, with estimates ranging from 42% to 46% lifetime consumption. Despite greater awareness of CHS, practitioners continue to lack comprehension, resulting in an unfortunate delay in patient identification and treatment.ObjectivesThe aim of this article is to bring attention to CHS in order to enable clinicians, and more specifically, addiction medicine specialists and psychiatrists, to diagnose it as quickly as possible and thus avoid unnecessary additional invasive examinations and investigations. This will save the patient’s time, prevent financial burdens and mental health stresses, and increase their overall quality of life.MethodsA thorough screening and data extraction of the relevant articles was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase. Databases were used to search for articles on CHS published between January 2021 and September 2023, yielding relevant articles. Keywords used were “hyperemesis”, “cyclical vomiting,” “cannabis” and “cannabinoid”.ResultsWe present a case of 20-year-old teens who came to emergency with severe dehydration and vomiting of more than 40 episodes at home. He had multiple admissions for abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting in the past and was evaluated and diagnosed with gastritis, PUD, and H. pylori infection. A more detailed medical history revealed a frequent use of cannabis over the past few years and symptoms manifestation and worsening is associated with the use of cannabis. After the complete cessation of cannabis, there have been no new symptomatic episodes reported in the patient and the patient is stable clinically.ConclusionsCannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) is a serious health hazard that requires immediate discovery and treatment. Despite the widespread use of cannabis, CHS is often misdiagnosed, resulting in unnecessary medical treatments and complications for patients. Given their special knowledge of linking chronic cannabis use to this syndrome, this case report and literature review highlight the critical role of addiction medicine experts and psychiatrists in quickly detecting and treating CHS. Early detection and treatment, particularly complete cannabis abstinence, are critical in alleviating symptoms, minimizing recurrent hospitalizations, and ultimately improving patients’ overall quality of life.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
What Do Case Studies Tell Us About Addictions and Psychiatric Comorbidities? A Survival Story: The necessity for a transdiagnostic and holistic approach
Authors: Ulug B. D. , Ozden H. C. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Comorbidities in addiction: It is a rule rather than an exception. The story starts in childhood; even before, in infancy, may be in utero. The dimensional traits have been already there, existing obviously far before any DSM-5 diagnosis. Developmental qualities of stress sensitivity, impulsivity and emotion dysregulation are the leading ones. Besides, comorbidity research (NESARC being one of the prominents) (Hasin and Grant. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidem, 2015;50 (11): 1609-1640) addressed childhood abuse, neglect or other childhood adverse experiences as a definite risk factor for adolescence and adult mental disorders, particularly substance use disorders. Developmental and environmental adversities in a mutually amplifying pattern make a vicious cycle in which the individual finally finds an illusionary exit, a pathway to addiction.ObjectivesThis presentation aims to discuss the complexities and challenges for the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a twenty five year follow-up, a survival period for the patient herself as well as for the therapeutic alliance (Ulug, Arch Neuropsychiatr, 2015;52: 213-215).MethodsCase study: The history and the life chart of her, diagnosed as having at least seven DSM diagnoses, indicate the depth of pyschopathology and the intensity of interventions, most of which failed due to the lack of a transdiagnostic and holistic perspective. A specific focus of the case study will be on the problematic use of Borderline Personality Disorder formulation/diagnosis and its negative, somehow short-coming, impact on the treatment, course and recovery.ResultsThe challenges brought by comorbid transdiagnostic cases, similar to the subject of this presentation, have become a common practice for addiction professionals. While big data or empirical large datasets can have their own limitations to help the practitioner for overcoming such challenges, as stated in Stein’s article “it is important to recognize the value of a wide range of complementary research designs including the age-old single-case study, which may sometimes provide clinical insights that outweigh those from big data analyses.” (Stein et al. World Pychiatry, 2022; 21(3): 393-414).Conclusions
The case study indicates the necessity for transdiagnostic and holistic approach in the management and long term treatment of such difficult-to-diagnose and difficult-to-treat patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Kambó as a drug that can induce psychotic or manic symptoms. A case report
Authors: Arroyo Sánchez E. , Díaz Mayoral C. , Setién Preciados P. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionKambó, also known as the “frog medicine,” is a traditional Amazonian medicine derived from the secretions of the Phyllomedusa bicolor tree frog. It has gained global attention for its purported therapeutic properties, including its use in addressing mental health issues. However, the psychiatric effects of kambó remain poorly understood, particularly concerning manic symptoms or psychosis.Objectives
The primary objective of this review is to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the available literature regarding the connection between kambó use and psychosis or manic symptoms. Specifically, this review seeks to determine the prevalence of psychosis among kambó users, identify potential risk factors for the development of psychosis or manic symptoms in this context, explore the mechanisms underlying any observed psychiatric effects, and provide insights into the clinical implications of kambó use.MethodsA case report of a 34-year-old man with chronic delusional disorder who presented to the emergency department with manic symptoms coinciding in time with the use of Kambó.ResultsThe findings of this bibliographical review suggest that there is limited empirical evidence to establish a direct link between kambó use and psychosis. Most available studies are anecdotal or based on qualitative reports, making it challenging to draw definitive conclusions. While some case reports and interviews suggest that kambó use may be associated with transient psychotic-like symptoms, including visual and auditory hallucinations, more rigorous research is needed to confirm and characterize these effects. Several case reports and qualitative studies suggest that individuals who have undergone kambó ceremonies may experience transient manic-like symptoms, such as elevated mood, increased energy, and impulsivity. However, these reports lack systematic assessment and standardized measurement of manic symptoms. Mechanisms underlying these effects remain speculative, with some researchers proposing altered neurotransmitter systems as a potential explanation.Conclusions
In conclusion, this review underscores the scarcity of scientific literature on the potential association between kambó use and psychosis or maniac symptoms. Although anecdotal reports and qualitative studies suggest a link, there is a notable lack of robust empirical research to support or refute this claim. Future research should focus on conducting controlled studies to elucidate the psychiatric effects of kambó, including its potential to induce psychosis and maniac symptoms, while also considering cultural and individual factors that may influence outcomes. Such research would contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of kambó’s psychopharmacological profile and its implications for mental health.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Disconnecting from my heartbeat: About a case of derealization in a critically ill patient
Authors: Alario Ruiz C. , Oscar M. S. , Navarro Barriga N. , Beatriz R. R. , Claudia R. V. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionDepersonalization/derealization encompasses a series of symptoms that are difficult to describe by the patient, as well as complex to diagnose by the professional, and can go through multiple diagnoses prior to the diagnosis of certainty.ObjectivesIt is proposed, through a clinical case, to know the characteristics of this disorder, evolution, differential diagnosis and therapeutic possibilitiesMethods62-year-old male, history of harmful alcohol consumption and a previous admission to a psychiatric short hospitalization unit for self-injury (superficial cuts in the context of severe mental illness of his wife) post-transplantation who is required by ideas of death, anhedonia and lack of collaboration in patient, The day before the evaluation, refusal to take oral treatment, selective mutism. Pre-transplant evaluation where no psychopathological alteration was observed.ResultsWhat is initially assessed and treated as a confusional episode of inactive type, through a correct psychopathological examination and with subsequent continuous interviews, with mood fluctuations throughout the admission, is subsequently oriented as an acute stress disorder, adaptive reaction with an anxious-depressive component and finally concluding that we are facing a dissociative disorder, highlighting the depersonalization/derealization on a dysfunctional personality base.ConclusionsCharacteristic of depersonalization is the great difficulty in describing symptoms, the feeling of being disconnected from one’s own body, emotions and reality. The latest studies on etiopathogenesis with MRI show an inhibitory response on the limbic system by hyperactivation of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex as well as a decrease in the autonomic response, the initial result being the attenuation of the processing of emotions. Among the differential diagnoses: post-anxiety illness disorder, major depressive episode, other dissociative disorders, panic disorder, psychotic disorder, substance-induced disorder There are several partially effective treatments, although the results so far are poor. SSRIs, quetiapine and naltrexone have been tried. Partial efficacy with lamotrigine together with SSRIs and, if high levels of anxiety coexist, SSRIs together with clonazepam. There are studies where psychodynamic psychotherapy, behavioral therapy and hypnosis have obtained partially effective results.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Pimozide as an effective treatment for obsessive symptoms related to physical discomfort in the context of somatoform symptomatology.
Authors: Del Sol Calderon P. , Izquierdo de la Puente A. , Fernández R. , García Moreno M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe patient was a 34-year-old male admitted to the psychiatric inpatient unit for high anxiety and suicide ideation due to severe toothache.ObjectivesTo show how the antipsychotic pimozide can be an effective option for the treatment of anxiety and obsessive symptoms around physical complaints within the spectrum of somatoform disordersMethodsCase report and literature reviewResults
The patient comes to the emergency room with high anxiety and active self-harming ideation. He reports that for months he has been experiencing mouth pain that is becoming more and more intense. He has seen multiple professionals without finding a cause that justifies the pain. In the past she has a history of multiple ailments (knee, abdominal pain…). He is being treated with sertraline 150, clonazepam 3 mg per day and olanzapine 5 mg at night. During admission, treatment with pimozide up to 4 mg per day was started. The patient is progressively less distressed and with more distance from the ideas about pain, being able to carry out more activities during the day. There is remission of suicidal ideationConclusionsThere is evidence in the literature that the use of pimozide was effective in different psychotic disorders. It has been seen to reduce the intensity of symptoms in cases of delusional disorders with delirum of somatic type or those such as delusions by parasitization. The use of pimozide has also been effective in the treatment of complex tic disorder. In this case it is effective and could be explained by the close relationship of osbsesive symptoms with psychotic symptoms.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared