bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cast High-Manganese Steel – the Effect of Microstructure on Abrasive Wear Behaviour in Miller Test
Authors: Kalandyk B. , Tęcza G. , Zapała R. , Sobula S. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The results of the modification of austenitic matrix in cast high-manganese steel containing 11÷19% Mn with additions of Cr, Ni and Ti were discussed. The introduction of carbide-forming alloying elements to this cast steel leads to the formation in matrix of stable complex carbide phases, which effectively increase the abrasive wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water. The starting material used in tests was a cast Hadfield steel containing 11% Mn and 1.34% C. The results presented in the article show significant improvement in abrasive wear resistance and hardness owing to the structure modification with additions of Cr and Ti.
Ultrasound Wave Attenuation of Grain Refined High – Zinc Aluminium Sand-cast Alloys
Authors: Krajewski W.K. , Buraś J. , Krajewski P.K. , Piwowarski G. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper presents results of measuring attenuation coefficient of the Al-20 wt.% Zn alloy (AlZn20) inoculated with different grain refiners. During experiments the melted alloys were doped with Al-Ti3-C0.15 refining master alloy. Basing on measurements performed by Krautkramer USLT2000 device with 1MHz ultrasound wave frequency it was stated that grain refinement reduces the attenuation coefficient by about 20-25%. However, the examined alloys can be still classified as the high-damping ones of attenuation greater than 150 dB/m.
Manufacturing of Cast Metal Foams with Irregular Cell Structure
Authors: Kroupová I. , Radkovský F. , Lichý P. , Bednářová V. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Metallic foams are materials of which the research is still on-going, with the broad applicability in many different areas (e.g. automotive industry, building industry, medicine, etc.). These metallic materials have specific properties, such as large rigidity at low density, high thermal conductivity, capability to absorb energy, etc. The work is focused on the preparation of these materials using conventional casting technology (infiltration method), which ensures rapid and economically feasible method for production of shaped components. In the experimental part we studied conditions of casting of metallic foams with open pores and irregular cell structure made of ferrous and nonferrous alloys by use of various types of filler material (precursors).
Materials Used in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Orłowicz A.W. , Mróz M. , Tupaj M. , Trytek A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Elaborated shapes of many car components are the reason for which the use of casting techniques to fabricate them is a solution well founded from the economical point of view. Currently applicable regulatory requirements concerning emissions of exhaust fumes force the carmakers to reduce the overall weight of their products, as this is a basic precondition for reducing fuel consumption. As a result, newly launched car models contain a continuously increasing share of thin-walled castings made of materials which ensure a satisfactory level of service properties. At the same time, developing new technological processes allowing to extend the service life of individual components by means of surface improving becomes more and more important.
Diatom communities and vegetation of springs in the south-western Alps
Authors: Mogna Marcella , Cantonati Marco , Andreucci Flora , Angeli Nicola , Berta Graziella , Miserere Luca 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Springs are unique but understudied habitats. Diatom communities have received some attention but have remained largely unknown in the south-western Alps. We therefore studied the springs of the south-western extreme of the Alpine mountain range. We analysed epilithic and epiphytic assemblages in 48 springs of different ecomorphological types, located on contrasting lithological substrata (carbonate/siliceous). Moreover, phytosociological relevés were carried out for carbonate springs. The diatom flora consisted of 223 taxa. Most (198) of the taxa were included in the Red List, and 12.5% belonged to threatened categories. Characteristic spring taxa (crenophiles) were present. The ecological preferences of crenophilous diatom species described in the eastern Alps were confirmed. Diatom species characteristic of the lake-littoral zone were found in pool springs. We observed no significant differences in species richness and diversity between epilithic and epiphytic assemblages, but some species showed a preference for bryophytes, and five occurred in the epibryon only. As regards moisture conditions, 15% of the taxa occurred on wet or temporarily dry sites, and 4% lived mostly outside water bodies. The main environmental factors influencing diatom assemblages were pH, conductivity, altitude, and shading. The carbonate-substratum crenic vegetation was composed of a mixture of vascular plants and bryophytes, which find their ecological optimum in springs. Bryophyte cover was dominant, with the most abundant taxa belonging to the genus Palustriella. The vegetation corresponded to the Cratoneuretum commutati association.
Checklist Of Fungi Of The Genus Russula From Belarusian-Valdai Lake District
Authors: Kolmakov Pavel 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The species diversity of the genus Russula Pers. was studied at the northern part of Belarus and the southern part of Pskov region of Russia. The region of the study is characterized by numerous lakes and rugged terrain. The checklist of fungi of the genus Russula is based on the material collected by the author in 1999–2013 as well as the herbarium collections and published data of the other authors. The checklist encompasses 60 species, 28 of these were found to be rare in the area. R. azurea and R. favrei were reported for the first time in Belarus. Nineteen species – R. alutacea, R. atropurpurea, R. aurantiaca, R. brunneoviolacea, R. consobrina, R. fellea, R. grisea, R. heterophylla, R. laeta, R. mustelina, R. nitida, R. pectinatoides, R. pseudodelica, R. pseudointegra, R. rhodopoda, R. rosea, R. sanguinea, R. seperina and R. versicolor were reported for the first time in Pskov region. Most of the listed Russula species are widely distributed in Europe. Most species that are rare in the study region are uncommon in the whole Europe as well.
Notes On The Status Of Viola Uliginosa In Lithuania
Authors: Matulevičiūtė Dalytė 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The number of localities and the recent status of the populations of Viola uliginosa were unknown due to the absence of data. The short note presents recent data on the occurrence of this species in the Žalgiriai Forest (Šilutė district, western part of Lithuania). These data confirm the fact of the survival of V. uliginosa in the territory of the country and possibility of broader distribution of the species in Lithuania. Potential habitats and threats were discussed. Recent status of two populations of V. uliginosa in the Žalgiriai Forest is considered to be good. However, the vicinity of clear-cut area may have negative influence due to possible water table changes in the habitat of one population, while another population might be threatened in case of clear cuttings in the habitat.
Gis-Based Flow Routing with the Distributed Hydrological Wetspa Model in the Ziarat River Basin - Gorgan, Iran
Authors: Javidan N. , Bahremand A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The GIS-based distributed hydrological model, WetSpa, whose flow routing method is described in this paper is suitable for flood prediction and watershed management on catchment scale. The model predicts outflow hydrographs at the basin outlet or at any converging point in the watershed, and it does so at a user-specified time step. The model is physically based, spatially distributed and timecontinuous. This paper focuses on the GISbased diffusive transport approach for the determination of rainfall runoff response and flood routing through a catchment. The watershed is represented as a grid cell mesh, and routing of runoff from each cell to the basin outlet is accomplished using the first passage time response function based on the mean and variance of the flow time distribution, which is derived from the advection-dispersion transport equation.The flow velocity is location dependent and calculated in each cell by the Manning equation based on the local slope, roughness coefficient and hydraulic radius. The hydraulic radius is determined according to the geophysical properties of the catchment and the flood frequency. The total direct runoff at the basin outlet is obtained by superimposing all contributions from every grid cell. The model is tested on the Ziarat _Gorgan watershed with 4 years of observed hourly rainfall and discharge data, and the results are in excellent agreement with the measured hydrograph at the basin outlet
Analysis of Allelic Variation in Hmw-Glu-1 Gene Blocks in Iranian Wheat Cultivars using Alp Molecular Marker
Authors: Shiri Y. , Solouki M. , Forootan M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn order to study the allelic variation of Glu-1 gene (High molecular weight glutenin), 100 Iranian wheat cultivars including imported and domestic genotypes were analyzed using ALP-PCR technique. Four specific primer pairs were used based on the genetic loci of Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 to perform the chain polymerase reactions. PCR reaction products were resolved on 2% agarose gel. Since allele “a” had the largest relative frequency (0.707), two alleles (a 344bp; b 362bp) were identified by P1-P2 primer for Glu-A1 locus. Three alleles (a 800bp; b 500bp; c 300bp) were detected for Glu-B1 locus by P5-P6 primer, and allele “b” was assumed as the highest relative frequency (0.618). Two primer pairs were applied for Glu-D1 locus. Ultimately, four alleles were identified, where allele “c” had the highest relative frequency (0.525). The observed genetic variation value for Glu-D1 locus (H=0.648) exhibits the maximal polymorphism. Using cluster analysis, the relationship between the observed polymorphism and geographical variation was investigated. The results indicated that there exists a remarkable variation in Glu- A1 locus between the Iranian wheat cultivars.
Study of Germination and Seedling Growth of Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa L.) Treated by Hydro and Osmopriming under Salt Stress Conditions
Authors: Ahmadian A. , Shiri Y. , Froozandeh M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the responsible factors for germination and early seedling growth due to salt toxicity or osmotic effect and to optimize the best priming treatment for these stress conditions. To study the effect of osmopriming and hydropriming on germination and seedling growth of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under salt stress conditions this experiment was conducted at Torbat-Heydariyeh University, Torbat, Iran. The treated seeds (control, hydropriming and ZnSO4) of black cumin were evaluated at germination and seedling growth for tolerance to salt (NaCl and Na2SO4) conditions at the same water potentials of 0.0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2MPa. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of the NaCl solutions were 0.0, 6.5, 12.7, 18.4 and 23.5 dSm-1, respectively. Results showed that hydropriming increased germination and seedling growth under salt stress. Germination delayed in both solutions, having variable germination with different priming treatments. In NaCl treatment, germination percentage, root and shoot weight, shoot and root length were higher but mean germination time and abnormal germination percentage were lower than Na2SO4, at the same water potential. The root / shoot weight and R/S length enhanced with increase of osmotic potential in both NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions. NaCl had less inhibitor effect on seedling growth than the germination. It was concluded that inhibition of germination at the same water potential of NaCl and Na2SO4 resulted from salt toxicity rather than osmotic effect. The findings of this experiment can be useful and applied to achieve best germination and uniform emergence under field conditions for farmers of medicinal plants.
Robust model-based predictive control of exothermic chemical reactor
Authors: Oravec Juraj , Bakošová Monika 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA case study of the robust model-based predictive control (MPC) of an exothermic continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with uncertain parameters is presented. Three robust MPC approaches are considered and the simulation results are compared in terms of quality of control performance and total consumption of coolant. The results reveal the main benefits of the considered approaches and confirm that the robust MPC can bring about a reduction in consumption of the coolant.
The polysemy of the Spanish verb sentir: A behavioral profile analysis
Authors: Jansegers Marlies , Vanderschueren Clara , Enghels Renata 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the intricate polysemy of the Spanish perception verbsentir(‘feel’) which, analogous to the more-studied visual perception verbsver(‘see’) andmirar(‘look’), also displays an ample gamut of semantic uses in various syntactic environments. The investigation is based on a corpus-based behavioral profile (BP) analysis. Besides its methodological merits as a quantitative, systematic and verifiable approach to the study of meaning and to polysemy in particular, the BP analysis offers qualitative usage-based evidence for cognitive linguistic theorizing. With regard to the polysemy ofsentir, the following questions were addressed: (1) What is the prototype of each cluster of senses? (2) How are the different senses structured: how many senses should be distinguished – i.e., which senses cluster together and which senses should be kept separately? (3) Which senses are more related to each other and which are highly distinguishable? (4) What morphosyntactic variables make them more or less distinguishable? The results show that two significant meaning clusters can be distinguished, which coincide with the division between the middle voice uses (sentirse) and the other uses (sentir). Within these clusters, a number of meaningful subclusters emerge, which seem to coincide largely with the more general semantic categories of physical, cognitive and emotional perception.
Reply to “More (old and new) misunderstandings of collostructional analysis: On Schmid & Küchenhoff” by Stefan Th. Gries
Authors: Küchenhoff Helmut , Schmid Hans-Jörg 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis is a reply to a commentary by Stefan Gries on a paper published by us in this journal in 2013. We focus on explaining the inadequacy of p-values of the Fisher Exact test as a measure of lexicogrammatical attraction and on the cognitive underpinnings of collostructional analysis. In addition, we touch more briefly on further issues, including the marginal conditioning of the Fisher Exact test and the idea of infinite strength of attraction between constructions and lexemes. We conclude with recommendations for a gold standard for applications of collostructional analysis using odds ratio, reliance and attraction scores.
The validity of cross-validation usage in generating digital relief model of an anthropogenically transformed area
Authors: Zarychta Roksana 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Digital relief models deliver a valuable information about the morphology of a particular area. They are useful in structural geomorphology analysis. However, their correct generation requires knowledge of geostatistic methods, including cross-validation. This article presents the importance of cross-validation, using the example of the Grodziec area (Silesian Upland, southern Poland). The choice of the test area was determined by its geomorphology – high altitude differences (140 meters maximum) and the co-occurence of landforms of different rank, genesis and size. This area includes some towering hills – monadnocks, which are Middle-Triassic cuesta remainders. These forms clearly dominate in the surrounding area incised by river valleys. Besides the large forms sculptured by erosion and denudation processes, there are also anthropogenic landforms – stone pits – of much smaller size. We asked the question whether and to what extent they will be “visible” on digital relief models depending on the variogram model setup. Two digital relief models were generated (one with a deliberately incorrect and one with the correct variogram setup) and verified using the cross-validation method. The results of this experiment show that correct digital model carries only slight overestimation of mean squared standardized error while the incorrect model shows substantial underestimation of sampling points values. The correct model is more vivid – it clearly shows most of the relief details while the DTM (digital terrain model) generated by the incorrect setup is misrepresented and blurred. This indicates that conclusions based on incorrect relief models may be subject to high errors.
Landscape management on post-exploitation land using the example of the Silesian region, Poland
Authors: Myga-Piątek Urszula 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
More and more often, post-mining and post-exploitation areas, which have been heavily transformed by man’s economic activities, are no longer a danger to the environment, but they enhance the monotonous urban-industrial landscape of a particular region and are instead its identifying value. Activities regarding the planning of landscape development are very difficult. This paper emphasizes some of the problems that result from legal barriers with regard to the concept of the more diversified management of post-mining areas as substantial forms of the landscape. In the process of the complex shaping of the natural environment in reclamation actions regarding post-mining areas geographers, biologists and architects have a large role to play.. Due to the fact that landscape management falls within the scope of interest and competencies of many stakeholders, such as: government, regional and self-government institutions, nature, monument and state forest protection authorities as well as the scientific community from various disciplines, it is very difficult to reach a consensus in this matter and to develop uniform operating procedures. The landscape management problems on postindustrial areas have been illustrated through the example of the region of Silesia. The cultural landscape of the region has been intensively developed in the last thousand years, but signs of human impact are much older, dating back to the pre-historical and early Medieval periods. The Silesia region is currently undergoing a major spatial reconstruction.
Genesis and development of the spatial structures in former border railway centres Mysłowice – Szczakowa – Granica (Maczki), Poland
Authors: Krzysztofik Robert , Dragan Weronika , Gierczak Dariusz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The article addresses the question of the emergence of urban centres with a gateway function in the area of contemporary Poland. The work concentrates on three urban centres – Mysłowice, Szczakowa and Granica (Maczki) – which gateway function was conditioned by the existence of railway border crossings in the past that provided services for international transport. The interpretation of settlements and their transformations followed the town plan analysis includes method of Conzen. The article indicates spatial consequences of this kind of function which influenced a significant part of the urban area in the indicated towns. The study highlights the dynamics of spatial changes contemporarily conditioned by the loss of the former gateway function and a fact that role of the border has been marginalized. From the other point of view the decreasing role of the political borders which have become in Europe in most cases barely a symbolic meaning. In the presented case studies the key aspect determining the marginalization of their role in the rail transport system and also their urban development was the change of the political borders and their negative consequences (demolition post-rail areas, formation of functionally derelict areas or depopulation). Former glory and role of these three towns are the still existing railway stations. Fortunately, presented railway stations – their potential and heritage give new possibilities for ideas of functional changes and future development.
Recreational use and health functions of allotments gardens in the Katowice conurbation, Poland
Authors: Duś Edward 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Allotment gardens are multifunctional elements of urban space, which have been shaped by various strands of development, among which a significant role is played by health purposes and recreational use. Different aspects and problems of the recreational use of allotments in the industrial area of the Katowice conurbation in Silesia, southern Poland are the scope for this analysis, and are considered against the background of their historical development. Allotment gardens are important components of an urban recreation system, and a primary base for recreation by the owners of these allotments. Time spent in gardens is filled with physical activities associated with taking care of them and also for passive recreation. An advantage is the possibility to spend leisure time, especially by hard working people or those with limited possibilities to access other forms of recreation. An advantage is the possibility to spend leisure time, especially by hard working people or those with limited possibilities to access other forms of recreation. The date of commencement of work and the number of people spending leisure time on the plots are dependent on weather conditions and being at the disposal of free time. Therefore, recreation is characterized by seasonality, and reveals significant differences in the number of allotment users each day. Socio-economic changes in the last few years have resulted in significant changes in the methods of utilising these gardens and the type of recreational use of individual allotments.
Synthesis and electrical properties of silver nanoplates for electronic applications
Authors: Xiong Nana , Li Zhili , Xie Hui , Zhao Yuzhen , Li Mei , Wang Yuehui , Li Jingze 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this paper, silver nanoplates of 100 to 500 nm size were synthesized by reduction of silver nitrate with N,Ndimethylformamide, using poly(vinylpyrolidone) as a surfactant and ferric chloride as a controlling agent, at 120 to 160 °C for 5 to 24 hours. The influence of the concentration of ferric chloride, the reaction temperature and reaction time on the morphology of the product has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results indicated that the products obtained at the low reaction temperature and short reaction time in the presence of FeCl3 in the reaction solution were in the form of silver nanoplates, whose morphology was mainly triangular and hexagonal. In addition, the size and thickness of the nanoplates increased with increasing of the FeCl3 concentration. At a high reaction temperature and long reaction time, the truncated triangle and hexagonal nanoplates were mainly produced. Furthermore, the sintering behavior of nanoplates was studied and the results showed that sintering of the silver nanoplates started at 180 °C, and a typical sintering behavior was observed at higher temperatures. The incorporation of the silver nanoplates into the polymer matrix with micro-sized silver flakes led to an increase in the matrix resistivity in almost all cases, especially at high fractions and low curing temperatures. The curing temperature had an influence on the resistivity of the conductive adhesives filled with micro-sized silver flakes and silver nanoplates due to sintering of the silver nanoplates.