bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequencies of Rare Incisor Variations Reflect Factors Influencing Precontact Population Relationships in Mexico and the American Southwest
Authors: Edgar H. J. H. , Willermet C. , Ragsdale C. S. , O'Donnell A. , Daneshvari S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMexican prehistory is characterized by migration and population isolation in its earliest phase, followed by later inter‐population cultural interactions, such as politics and trade. While shared, common morphological variants are often informative about recent population events, rare trait variants have not been widely investigated to see whether they might be informative about earlier events. Here, we consider populations that show several rare variants at frequencies high enough to warrant such an investigation. Examining past population structure can help us understand population interactions across different periods of time, levels of migration, and population isolation/drift. Multiple‐origin populations may have more variation, including more and higher rates of rare traits. We examined maxillary lateral incisors in 1117 dentitions from 76 samples of Preclassic/Classic and Postclassic pre‐European contact Mexico and the American Southwest for the prevalence of rare lateral incisor variants. Variants observed included barrel, congenital absence, interruption groove, mesial marginal bending, peg, reduced, supernumerary, and talon teeth. The most common variant overall is interruption groove. Central Mexico, Huasteca, and the Lowland Yucatan region samples present the highest overall number of incisor variants. Higher frequencies of single unusual traits are commonly found in samples from smaller populations, while samples from larger population centres show a greater range of these rare variants. We investigated to see whether the pattern of rare incisor variant frequencies reflected early or later population history by comparing similarity/distance matrices and factor model matrices using Mantel tests and Generalized Procrustes analysis. Results show a weak relationship with the Postclassic period and shared migration/language and trade interaction models. We suggest that later cultural interactions have acted to mask earlier population history. Research on serial founder effects should be approached multiregionally and across time, to avoid missing inter‐region biological relationships. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrids formed between polyvinylpyrrolidone and an A3B porphyrin dye: behaviour in aqueous solutions and chemical response to CO2 presence
Authors: Fagadar‐Cosma Eugenia , Tarabukina Elena , Zakharova Natalia , Birdeanu Mihaela , Taranu Bogdan , Palade Anca , Creanga Ionela , Lascu Anca , Fagadar‐Cosma Gheorghe 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study reports the incorporation of an A3B mixed functionalized porphyrin, namely 5‐(4‐pyridyl)‐10,15,20‐tris(4‐phenoxyphenyl)porphyrin (PyTPOPP), into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a biocompatible polymer, with the purpose of preparing water‐soluble polymer–dye (PVP‐PyTPOPP) hybrids. The hybrids were obtained in two variants, differing by molar ratios, and their molecular characteristics and aggregation in dilute aqueous solutions were investigated using static and dynamic light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation methods. The hybrids were characterized using 1H NMR, UV‐visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A study of the influence of acidic media on the electronic spectra was carried out, evidencing the similar behaviour of the hybrids and the bare porphyrin. The interaction between CO2 and the PVP‐PyTPOPP hybrids was studied using UV‐visible spectroscopy and a continuous hypochromic response of the Soret band in direct relationship with increased CO2 concentration was noticed. Based on the UV‐visible spectral differences between the PVP‐PyTPOPP hybrids in acidic media and during CO2 exposure, we can presume that the mechanism of CO2 detection is not based on pH changes of the solution but on chemisorption phenomena which modify the surface properties as confirmed by TEM and AFM. These porphyrin–PVP hybrid nanomaterials offer the possibility for achieving optical and colorimetric sensors for monitoring CO2 and are also promising for biomedical applications. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Unbalanced tree‐formed verification data for trusted platforms
Authors: Fu Donglai , Peng Xinguang , Yang Yuli 
Published: November 2015

AbstractValidation is an alternative approach to the establishment of the trust between two or more entities. The validation allows a challenger to evaluate the trustworthiness of an attesting system based on provided evidence. Early attempts show the evidence is always organized in a linear structure or a balanced tree. These methods, however, are not optimal when facing a complex system and privacy issues. In particular, the Stored Measurement Log (SML) to record the execution history of the attesting system brings efficiency, scalability and privacy problems. We attempt to mitigate them through a new algorithm that uses an unbalanced tree to manage the SML. Leaves represent measurement values of components, and the root is protected by platform configuration registers, which is the same as the balanced tree. The location of each node, however, is constantly mutative until the probability distribution of all components tends towards stabilization. The greater the probability of the leaf is, the closer it is to the root, which benefits the validation. We build a prototype program that is developed through the Trusted Platform Module emulator 0.7. We touch on some mechanisms to reduce the size of the tree and avoid privacy leak. Finally, we perform an in‐depth analysis of the validation efficiency, and present the impression of the time complexity of the measurement. Results show that the validation obtains the logarithmic speed‐up (O((n/N)lb(n))) and that the time complexity of the measurement process is also acceptable. Besides, our scheme demonstrates advantages in privacy protection and scalability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast algorithm for constructing nearly optimal prefix codes
Authors: Osorio Roberto R. , González Patricia 
Published: November 2015

SummaryHuffman algorithm allows for constructing optimal prefix‐codes with O(n·logn) complexity. As the number of symbols ngrows, so does the complexity of building the code‐words. In this paper, a new algorithm and implementation are proposed that achieve nearly optimal coding without sorting the probabilities or building a tree of codes. The complexity is proportional to the maximum code length, making the algorithm especially attractive for large alphabets. The focus is put on achieving almost optimal coding with a fast implementation, suitable for real‐time compression of large volumes of data. A practical case example about checkpoint files compression is presented, providing encouraging results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Solvothermal Synthetic Route Yields the New Thio­stannate [La(dien)3]2[Sn2S6]Cl2
Authors: Pienack Nicole , Lühmann Henning , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractApplying a new synthesis protocol with cystamine dihydrochloride as sulfur source we were able to synthesize the new compound [La(dien)3]2[Sn2S6]Cl2 (1) (dien = diethylenetriamine) under solvothermal conditions. Under these conditions the S–S bond of the cystamine molecule is cleaved generating the S2– anions. The title compound is formed via an intermediate, (dienH)2Sn3S7, which reacts to the final product at longer reaction times. The structure crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n and is composed of two ninefold coordinated [La(dien)3]3+complexes, one [Sn2S6]4– anion, and two Cl– anions. The Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals a large number of intermolecular interactions including S···H and Cl···H bonding.
Bile Duct Injuries Associated With 55,134 Cholecystectomies: Treatment and Outcome from a National Perspective
Authors: Rystedt Jenny , Lindell Gert , Montgomery Agneta 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundBile duct injury (BDI) is a rare complication associated with cholecystectomy, and recommendations for treatment are based on publications from referral centers with a selection of major injuries and failures after primary repair. The aim was to analyze the frequency, treatment, and outcome of BDIs in an unselected population‐based cohort.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study including all BDIs registered in GallRiks (Swedish quality register for gallstone surgery and ERCP) during 2007–2011. Data for this study were based on a national follow‐up survey where medical records were scrutinized and BDIs classified according to the Hannover classification.ResultsA total of 174 BDIs arising from 55,134 cholecystectomies (0.3 %) identified at 60 hospitals were included with a median follow‐up of 37 months (9–69). 155 BDIs (89 %) were detected during cholecystectomy, and immediate repair was attempted in 140 (90 %). A total of 27 patients (18 %) were referred to a HPB referral center. Hannover Grade C1 (i.e., small lesion <5 mm) dominated (n = 102; 59 %). The most common repair was “suture over T‐tube” (n = 78; 45 %) and reconstruction with hepaticojejunostomy was performed in 30 patients (17 %). A total of 31 patients (18 %) were diagnosed with stricture, 19 of which were primarily repaired with “suture over T‐tube.” The median in‐hospital‐stay was 14 days (1–149).ConclusionsThe majority of BDIs were detected during the cholecystectomy and repaired by the operating surgeon. Although this is against most current recommendations, short‐term outcome was surprisingly good.
Quality of life and participation in daily life of adults with Pompe disease receiving enzyme replacement therapy: 10 years of international follow‐up
Authors: Güngör Deniz , Kruijshaar Michelle E. , Plug Iris , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Kanters Tim A. , Wens Stephan C. A. , Reuser Arnold J. J. , van Doorn Pieter A. , van der Ploeg Ans T. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundPompe disease is an inheritable metabolic disorder for which enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been available since 2006. Effects of ERT have been shown on distance walked, pulmonary function and survival. We investigated whether it also improves quality of life and participation in daily life in adult patients with the disease.MethodsIn an international survey, we assessed quality of life (Short Form 36, SF‐36) and participation (Rotterdam Handicap Scale, RHS) annually between 2002 and 2012. Repeated measurements mixed effects models were used to describe the data over time.ResultsResponses were available for 174 adult patients. In the periods before and after start of ERT, the median follow‐up times were 4 years each (range 0.5‐8). The SF‐36 Physical Component Summary measure (PCS) deteriorated before ERT (‐0.73 score points per year (sp/y); CI 95 % ‐1.07 to ‐0.39), while it improved in the first 2 years of ERT (1.49 sp/y; CI 0.76 to 2.21), and remained stable thereafter. The Mental Component Summary measure (MCS) remained stable before and during ERT. After declining beforehand (‐0.49 sp/year; CI ‐0.64 to‐0.34), the RHS stabilized under ERT.ConclusionIn adult patients with Pompe disease, ERT positively affects quality of life and participation in daily life. Our results reinforce previous findings regarding the effect of ERT on muscle strength, pulmonary function and survival.
Practical applicability of landiolol, an ultra‐short‐acting β1‐selective blocker, for rapid atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias with left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Wada Yuko , Aiba Takeshi , Tsujita Yasuyuki , Itoh Hideki , Wada Mitsuru , Nakajima Ikutaro , Ishibashi Kohei , Okamura Hideo , Miyamoto Koji , Noda Takashi , Sugano Yasuo , Kanzaki Hideaki , Anzai Toshihisa , Kusano Kengo , Yasuda Satoshi , Horie Minoru , Ogawa Hisao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundLandiolol effectively controls rapid heart rate in atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF/AFL) patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. However, predicting landiolol Responders and Non‐Responders and patients who will experience adverse effects remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to clarify the potential applicability of landiolol for rapid AF/AFL and refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs) in patients with heart failure.MethodsA total of 39 patients with AF/AFL with ventricular response ≥120 bpm and 12 VTs were retrospectively enrolled. Landiolol Responders for rapid AF/AFL were defined as patients whose ventricular response was suppressed to less than 110 bpm or decreased by ≥20% from the initial heart rate after administration of landiolol. Responders for VTs were defined as patients with no recurrent VTs during the 24 h after the initiation of landiolol.ResultsFor AF/AFL, 29 patients (74%) were Responders. In nine patients (31%), AF was spontaneously terminated after starting landiolol. Eight Non‐Responders (80%) needed to have AF terminated by cardioversion. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline was significantly associated with landiolol efficacy. For VTs, seven patients (58%) were Responders, and smaller LV diastolic and systolic diameters were associated with landiolol efficacy. Hypotension after landiolol treatment occurred in 5 of 51 patients, and lower LV systolic function was associated with the development of adverse events.ConclusionsLandiolol is effective in patients with heart failure not only due to rapid AF/AFL but also due to VTs. However, preserved LVEF is important for efficacy and safety in landiolol treatment.
Developing a Nuclear Global Health Workforce Amid the Increasing Threat of a Nuclear Crisis
Authors: Burkle Frederick M. , Dallas Cham E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study argues that any nuclear weapon exchange or major nuclear plant meltdown, in the categories of human systems failure and conflict-based crises, will immediately provoke an unprecedented public health emergency of international concern. Notwithstanding nuclear triage and management plans and technical monitoring standards within the International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Health Organization (WHO), the capacity to rapidly deploy a robust professional workforce with the internal coordination and collaboration capabilities required for large-scale nuclear crises is profoundly lacking. A similar dilemma, evident in the early stages of the Ebola epidemic, was eventually managed by using worldwide infectious disease experts from the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network and multiple multidisciplinary WHO-supported foreign medical teams. This success has led the WHO to propose the development of a Global Health Workforce. A strategic format is proposed for nuclear preparedness and response that builds and expands on the current model for infectious disease outbreak currently under consideration. This study proposes the inclusion of a nuclear global health workforce under the technical expertise of the International Atomic Energy Agency and WHO’s Radiation Emergency Medical Preparedness and Assistance Network leadership and supported by the International Health Regulations Treaty. Rationales are set forth for the development, structure, and function of a nuclear workforce based on health outcomes research that define the unique health, health systems, and public health challenges of a nuclear crisis. Recent research supports that life-saving opportunities are possible, but only if a rapidly deployed and robust multidisciplinary response component exists. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:129–144)
Objective Sepsis Surveillance Using Electronic Clinical Data
Authors: Rhee Chanu , Kadri Sameer , Huang Susan S. , Murphy Michael V. , Li Lingling , Platt Richard , Klompas Michael 
Published: November 2015

OBJECTIVETo compare the accuracy of surveillance of severe sepsis using electronic health record clinical data vs claims and to compare incidence and mortality trends using both methods.DESIGNWe created an electronic health record–based surveillance definition for severe sepsis using clinical indicators of infection (blood culture and antibiotic orders) and concurrent organ dysfunction (vasopressors, mechanical ventilation, and/or abnormal laboratory values). We reviewed 1,000 randomly selected medical charts to characterize the definition’s accuracy and stability over time compared with a claims-based definition requiring infection and organ dysfunction codes. We compared incidence and mortality trends from 2003–2012 using both methods.SETTINGTwo US academic hospitals.PATIENTSAdult inpatients.RESULTSThe electronic health record–based clinical surveillance definition had stable and high sensitivity over time (77% in 2003–2009 vs 80% in 2012, P=.58) whereas the sensitivity of claims increased (52% in 2003–2009 vs 67% in 2012, P=.02). Positive predictive values for claims and clinical surveillance definitions were comparable (55% vs 53%, P=.65) and stable over time. From 2003 to 2012, severe sepsis incidence imputed from claims rose by 72% (95% CI, 57%–88%) and absolute mortality declined by 5.4% (95% CI, 4.6%–6.7%). In contrast, incidence using the clinical surveillance definition increased by 7.7% (95% CI, −1.1% to 17%) and mortality declined by 1.7% (95% CI, 1.1%–2.3%).CONCLUSIONSSepsis surveillance using clinical data is more sensitive and more stable over time compared with claims and can be done electronically. This may enable more reliable estimates of sepsis burden and trends.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(2):163–171
Associations of Night Smoking and Cravings with Quit Intentions and Attempts
Authors: O’Connor Richard J. , June Kristie M. , Bansal-Travers Maansi 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Waking at night to smoke can also serve as an indicator of dependence and treatment success.Aims: We sought to examine whether night smoking is associated with features of smoking behaviour in a non-treatment-seeking sample of adult smokers in the general population.Methods: Data for this study come from 1,062 current smokers obtained from an opt-in online panel in July 2010. Night smoking and night craving to smoke were assessed by questionnaire, and dependence was assessed by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Relationships were assessed using linear, logistic, and negative binomial regression.Findings: Overall, 20.6% reported that they woke at night to smoke. FTND scores were substantially higher in those reporting night smoking. Those who reported night cravings were more likely to report quit intentions. Night smokers made 3.6 actual quit attempts (95% CI: 2.8, 4.5) per year, adjusted for other model factors, compared to 2.7 (2.2, 3.2) attempts for night cravers and 2.2 (1.8, 2.7) attempts for smokers who reported neither.Conclusions: Overall, night smokers reported higher nicotine dependence than cravers and those who experienced neither. The current study adds to a growing literature pointing to the importance of overnight smoking as an indicator of nicotine dependence.
Multivariate Analysis of the Globular Clusters in M87
Authors: Das Sukanta , Chattopadhayay Tanuka , Davoust Emmanuel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn objective classification of 147 globular clusters (GCs) in the inner region of the giant elliptical galaxy M87 is carried out with the help of two methods of multivariate analysis. First, independent component analysis (ICA) is used to determine a set of independent variables that are linear combinations of various observed parameters (mostly Lick indices) of the GCs. Next, K-means cluster analysis (CA) is applied on the independent components (ICs), to find the optimum number of homogeneous groups having an underlying structure. The properties of the four groups of GCs thus uncovered are used to explain the formation mechanism of the host galaxy. It is suggested that M87 formed in two successive phases. First a monolithic collapse, which gave rise to an inner group of metal-rich clusters with little systematic rotation and an outer group of metal-poor clusters in eccentric orbits. In a second phase, the galaxy accreted low-mass satellites in a dissipationless fashion, from the gas of which the two other groups of GCs formed. Evidence is given for a blue stellar population in the more metal rich clusters, which we interpret by Helium enrichment. Finally, it is found that the clusters of M87 differ in some of their chemical properties (NaD, TiO1, light-element abundances) from GCs in our Galaxy and M31.
Polygenic interactions with environmental adversity in the aetiology of major depressive disorder
Authors: Mullins N. , Power R. A. , Fisher H. L. , Hanscombe K. B. , Euesden J. , Iniesta R. , Levinson D. F. , Weissman M. M. , Potash J. B. , Shi J. , Uher R. , Cohen-Woods S. , Rivera M. , Jones L. , Jones I. , Craddock N. , Owen M. J. , Korszun A. , Craig I. W. , Farmer A. E. , McGuffin P. , Breen G. , Lewis C. M. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and disabling condition with well-established heritability and environmental risk factors. Gene–environment interaction studies in MDD have typically investigated candidate genes, though the disorder is known to be highly polygenic. This study aims to test for interaction between polygenic risk and stressful life events (SLEs) or childhood trauma (CT) in the aetiology of MDD.MethodThe RADIANT UK sample consists of 1605 MDD cases and 1064 controls with SLE data, and a subset of 240 cases and 272 controls with CT data. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were constructed using results from a mega-analysis on MDD by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. PRS and environmental factors were tested for association with case/control status and for interaction between them.ResultsPRS significantly predicted depression, explaining 1.1% of variance in phenotype (p= 1.9 × 10−6). SLEs and CT were also associated with MDD status (p= 2.19 × 10−4andp= 5.12 × 10−20, respectively). No interactions were found between PRS and SLEs. Significant PRSxCT interactions were found (p= 0.002), but showed an inverse association with MDD status, as cases who experienced more severe CT tended to have a lower PRS than other cases or controls. This relationship between PRS and CT was not observed in independent replication samples.ConclusionsCT is a strong risk factor for MDD but may have greater effect in individuals with lower genetic liability for the disorder. Including environmental risk along with genetics is important in studying the aetiology of MDD and PRS provide a useful approach to investigating gene–environment interactions in complex traits.