bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stroke care organization overcomes the deleterious ‘weekend effect’ on 1‐month stroke mortality: a population‐based study
Authors: Béjot Y. , Aboa‐Eboulé C. , Jacquin A. , Troisgros O. , Hervieu M. , Durier J. , Osseby G.‐V. , Giroud M. 
Published: April 2013

Background and purposeSuffering a stroke during the weekend is associated with a poorer prognosis. The impact of implementing a dedicated stroke care network in Dijon, France, in 2003 on 30‐day mortality in strokes/transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) occurring during weekends/bank holidays was evaluated.MethodsAll cases of stroke and TIA from 1985 to 2010 were identified from a population‐based registry, using multiple overlapping sources of information. Demographics and clinical data were recorded. Cox regression models were used to evaluate associations between day of onset (weekdays versus weekends/bank holidays) and 30‐day all‐cause mortality. Data were stratified according to time periods [before (1985–2003) and after (2004–2010) implementation of the stroke network] and stroke subtypes (ischaemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage).ResultsOf the 5864 recorded patients, 1465 (25%) had their event during weekends/bank holidays. Patients with stroke/TIA during weekdays were comparable with those with stroke/TIA during weekends/bank holidays for baseline characteristics. Excess mortality was observed in patients with stroke/TIA during weekends/bank holidays during 1985–2003 (18.2% vs. 14.0%, P < 0.01) but not during 2004–2010 (8.4% vs. 8.3%, P = 0.74). Onset during weekends/bank holidays was associated with a higher risk of 30‐day mortality during 1985–2003 (adjusted hazard ratio 1.26; 95% CI 1.06–1.51, P = 0.01), but not during 2004–2010 (adjusted hazard ratio 0.99; 95% CI 0.69–1.43, P = 0.97).ConclusionThe deleterious effect of weekends/bank holidays on early stroke mortality disappeared after the organization of a dedicated stroke care network in our community. Our findings provide strong support for the implementation of quality improvement initiatives in order to attenuate inequalities in the management of stroke patients.
Evolutionary dynamics of a rapidly receding southern range boundary in the threatened California Red‐Legged Frog (Rana draytonii)
Authors: Richmond Jonathan Q. , Barr Kelly R. , Backlin Adam R. , Vandergast Amy G. , Fisher Robert N. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPopulations forming the edge of a species range are often imperiled by isolation and low genetic diversity, with proximity to human population centers being a major determinant of edge stability in modern landscapes. Since the 1960s, the California red‐legged frog (Rana draytonii) has undergone extensive declines in heavily urbanized southern California, where the range edge has rapidly contracted northward while shifting its cardinal orientation to an east‐west trending axis. We studied the genetic structure and diversity of these frontline populations, tested for signatures of contemporary disturbance, specifically fire, and attempted to disentangle these signals from demographic events extending deeper into the past. Consistent with the genetic expectations of the ‘abundant‐center’ model, we found that diversity, admixture, and opportunity for random mating increases in populations sampled successively further away from the range boundary. Demographic simulations indicate that bottlenecks in peripheral isolates are associated with processes extending tens to a few hundred generations in the past, despite the demographic collapse of some due to recent fire‐flood events. While the effects of recent disturbance have left little genetic imprint on these populations, they likely contribute to an extinction debt that will lead to continued range contraction unless management intervenes to stall or reverse the process.
Higher Education Policy and Legitimacy Building: the Making of a New Academic Credential in Ontario
Authors: Hurley Peter , Sá Creso M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCanada's province of Ontario introduced a new policy in 2000 allowing community colleges to offer a new type of undergraduate degree. This decision was a significant policy change for the government considering the nature of Ontario's binary system, where a rigid separation has historically prevailed between the university and college sectors. Drawing on multiple sources of data, this study indicates that the decision to create a new type of applied bachelor's degree generated a series of uncertainties and challenges for higher education institutions, students and government agencies. The paper highlights the need for policy makers to consider the socio‐cultural aspects of higher education systems in policy design, particularly the role of legitimacy.
The role of readability in effective health communication: an experiment using a Japanese health information text on chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Sakai Yukiko 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis study identifies the most significant readability factors and examines ways of improving and evaluating Japanese health information text in terms of ease of reading and understanding.MethodsSix different Japanese texts were prepared based on an original short text written by a medical doctor for a hospital web site intended for laypersons regarding chronic suppurative otitis media. Four were revised for single readability factor (syntax, vocabulary, or text structure) and two were modified in all three factors. Using a web‐based survey, 270 high school students read one of the seven texts, including the original, completed two kinds of comprehension tests, and answered questions on their impressions of the text's readability.ResultsSignificantly higher comprehension test scores were shown in the true or false test for a mixed text that presented important information first for better text structure. They were also found in the cloze test for a text using common vocabulary and a cohesive mixed text.ConclusionsVocabulary could be a critical single readability factor when presumably combined with better text structure. Using multiple evaluation methods can help assess comprehensive readability. The findings on improvement and evaluation methods of readability can be applied to support effective health communication.
Liquidus Temperature of SrO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 Glass‐Forming Compositions
Authors: Abel Brett M. , Morgan James M. , Mauro John C. , Smedskjaer Morten M. 
Published: April 2013

Despite the important role of strontium aluminosilicate glasses in various technologies, there is no available phase diagram for this ternary system in the ACerS‐NIST Phase Equilibria Diagrams Database. Establishing the liquidus surface (liquidus temperature Tliq and primary devitrification phase) is crucial for glass composition design, because the liquidus temperature is intimately connected with the glass‐forming ability of the melt. In this work, we have determined the liquidus surface by X‐ray diffraction phase analyses of isothermally reacted samples from powder mixtures of 24 compositions. In the composition range of interest for industrial glasses, Tliq tends to decrease with increasing strontium‐to‐alumina ratio. We find that cristobalite, mullite, and slawsonite are the dominant devitrification phases for the compositions with high SiO2, SiO2+Al2O3, and SrO contents, respectively. By comparison with the phase diagrams for CaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 and MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 systems, we have found that for the highest [RO]/[Al2O3] ratios, Tliq exhibits a minimum value for R = Ca. Based on the phase diagram established here, the composition of glass materials, for example, for liquid crystal display substrates, belonging to the SrO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 family may be designed with a more exact control of the glass‐forming ability by avoiding the regions of high liquidus temperature.
The Yin and Yang of microRNAs: leukemia and immunity
Authors: So Alex Yick‐Lun , Zhao Jimmy L. , Baltimore David 
Published: April 2013

SummaryYin and Yang are two complementary forces that together describe the nature of real‐world elements. Yin is the dark side; Yang is the light side. We describe microRNAs having both Yin and Yang characteristics because they can contribute to normal function (Yang) but also to autoimmunity, myeloproliferation, and cancer (Yin). We have been working on a number of microRNAs that have these dual characteristics and here we focus on two, miR‐125b and miR‐146a. We have concentrated on these two RNAs because we have very extensive knowledge of them, much of it from our laboratory, and also because they provide a strong contrast: the effects of overexpression of miR‐125b are rapid, suggesting that it acts directly, whereas the effects of miR‐146a are slow to develop, suggesting that they arise from chronic alterations in cellular behavior.
Post‐transcriptional regulatory networks in immunity
Authors: Ivanov Pavel , Anderson Paul 
Published: April 2013

SummaryPost‐transcriptional mechanisms that modulate global and/or transcript‐specific mRNA stability and translation contribute to the rapid and flexible control of gene expression in immune effector cells. These mechanisms rely on RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) that direct regulatory complexes (e.g. exosomes, deadenylases, decapping complexes, RNA‐induced silencing complexes) to the 3′‐untranslated regions of specific immune transcripts. Here, we review the surprising variety of post‐transcriptional control mechanisms that contribute to gene expression in the immune system and discuss how defects in these pathways can contribute to autoimmune disease.
mir‐17‐92: a polycistronic oncomir with pleiotropic functions
Authors: Olive Virginie , Li Qijing , He Lin 
Published: April 2013

SummaryNeoplastic transformation is caused by accumulation of genetic lesions that ultimately convert normal cells into tumor cells with uncontrolled proliferation and survival, unlimited replicative potential, and invasive growth. Emerging evidence has highlighted the functional importance of non‐coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), in the initiation and progression of tumor development. The mir‐17‐92 miRNA is among the best characterized miRNA oncogenes, whose genomic amplification or aberrant elevation are frequently observed in a variety of tumor types. Unlike protein‐coding oncogenes, where one transcript produces one protein, mir‐17‐92 encodes a polycistronic miRNA transcript that yields six individual miRNA components. This unique gene structure, shared by many important miRNA oncogenes and tumor suppressors, underlies the unique functionality of mir‐17‐92 in a cell type and context‐dependent manner. Recent functional dissection of mir‐17‐92 indicates that individual mir‐17‐92 components perform distinct biological functions, which collectively regulate multiple related cellular processes during development and disease. The structural complexity of mir‐17‐92 as a polycistronic miRNA oncogene, along with the complex mode of interactions among its components, constitutes the molecular basis for its unique functional complexity during normal and tumor development.
Regulation of miRNA biogenesis and turnover in the immune system
Authors: Bronevetsky Yelena , Ansel K. Mark 
Published: April 2013

SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of gene expression in diverse biological processes ranging from cell proliferation and survival to organ development and immunity. Here, we review mechanisms that regulate the expression of miRNAs themselves in the immune system. Like protein‐coding genes, miRNAs can be regulated at the transcriptional level, downstream of signaling pathways and circuits that activate or inhibit transcription factors and chromatin remodeling. The resulting primary miRNAs are processed into active mature miRNAs through a series of biochemical steps, and miRNA abundance can be regulated at each step of this biogenesis pathway. Recent work has uncovered regulation of mature miRNA turnover in the immune system as well. A better understanding of these processes and their regulation by immunogenic stimuli is critical for integrating miRNAs into current models of gene expression networks that determine cell identity and immune function.
Phase II study of everolimus in metastatic urothelial cancer
Authors: Milowsky Matthew I. , Iyer Gopa , Regazzi Ashley M. , Al‐Ahmadie Hikmat , Gerst Scott R. , Ostrovnaya Irina , Gellert Lan L. , Kaplan Rana , Garcia‐Grossman Ilana R. , Pendse Deepa , Balar Arjun V. , Flaherty Anne Marie , Trout Alisa , Solit David B. , Bajorin Dean F. 
Published: April 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
No recent advances have been made in the treatment of patients with advanced bladder cancer and, to date, targeted therapies have not resulted in an improvement in outcome. The mammalian target of rapamycin pathway has been shown to be up‐regulated in bladder cancer and represents a rational target for therapeutic intervention.
In the present phase II study of everolimus, one near‐complete response, one partial response and several minor responses suggest that everolimus possesses biological activity in a subset of patients with bladder cancer. To maximize benefit from targeted agents such as everolimus, the preselection of patients based on molecular phenotype is required.
Objective
To assess the efficacy and tolerability of everolimus in advanced urothelial carcimoma (UC).
Patients and Methods
The present study comprised a single‐arm, non‐randomized study in which all patients received everolimus 10 mg orally once daily continuously (one cycle = 4 weeks).
In total, 45 patients with metastatic UC progressing after one to four cytotoxic agents were enrolled between February 2009 and November 2010 at the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center.
The primary endpoints were 2‐month progression‐free survival (PFS) and the safety of everolimus, with the secondary endpoint being the response rate.
A Simon minimax two‐stage design tested the null hypothesis that the true two month PFS rate was ≤50%, as opposed to the alternative hypothesis of ≥70%.
Results
The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were fatigue, infection, anaemia, lymphopaenia, hyperglycaemia and hypophosphataemia.
There were two partial responses in nodal metastases, with one patient achieving a 94% decrease in target lesions and remaining on drug at 26 months.
An additional 12 patients exhibited minor tumour regression.
There were 23 of 45 (51%) patients who were progression‐free at 2 months with a median (95% CI) PFS of 2.6 (1.8–3.5) months and a median (95% CI) overall survival of 8.3 (5.5–12.1) months.
No clear association was observed between mammalian target of rapamycin pathway marker expression and 2‐month PFS.
Conclusions
Although everolimus did not meet its primary endpoint, one partial response, one near‐complete response and twelve minor regressions were observed.
Everolimus possesses meaningful anti‐tumour activity in a subset of patients with advanced UC.
Studies aiming to define the genetic basis of everolimus activity in individual responders are ongoing.
Feasibility and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic treatment for local relapse of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: El Hajj Albert , Thanigasalam Ruban , Molinié Vincent , Massoud Walid , Fourati Mohamed , Girard Frederic , Escudier Bernard , Baumert Hervé 
Published: April 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Local relapse of renal cell carcinoma following radical nephrectomy is rare, and surgical removal provides the only opportunity for cure. Open surgery has been established as the usual approach for these tumours. It is, however, associated with significant morbidity.
Our study describes the largest series of laparoscopic treatment of local relapse of renal cell carcinoma with the longest follow‐up. We show that the laparoscopic approach is feasible in expert centres. It provides faster recovery and fewer complications with satisfactory oncological outcomes in selected patients.
Objective
To assess the feasibility and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic treatment for local relapse of renal cell carcinoma.
Patients and Methods
Nine patients were treated by a pure laparoscopic approach for local recurrence of a renal tumour between 2005 and 2011 by a single surgeon (HB), following an initial open radical nephrectomy for the primary tumour.
Clinical and histopathological data were collected prospectively and analysed retrospectively.
Seven patients were treated by a transperitoneal approach and two patients had a retroperitoneal approach.
Results
Relapse occurred within a mean time of 83 months (7–168) following nephrectomy. Recurrent tumour size varied from 2.5 to 4.5 cm. All surgeries were performed laparoscopically without need for conversion.
Mean operative duration was 144 min (40–240), mean estimated blood loss was 430 mL (50–1300) and mean hospital stay was 4.5 days (3–6). Three patients had Clavien grade I intraoperative complications. Late complications were noted in two patients (Clavien I and IIIb).
Pathology confirmed clear cell carcinoma in all patients with an absence of sarcomatoid features and negative surgical margins.
Three patients had neoadjuvant treatment and two patients had adjuvant treatment. In all, 67% of patients were disease free with a mean follow‐up period of 3 years.
Conclusions
Surgical removal of isolated local recurrence remains the only possibility of cure in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
We demonstrated that the laparoscopic approach is a safe and feasible alternative treatment option for selected cases with low morbidity and satisfactory oncological outcomes.
Keeping it real: self‐control depletion increases accuracy, but decreases confidence for performance
Authors: DeBono Amber , Muraven Mark 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe propose that egotism about one's abilities may be related to good self‐regulation and a lack of self‐control may reduce estimations of aptitudes. Self‐control depletion should lead to more accurate and therefore less lofty predictions of future performances. In two experiments, self‐control depletion was manipulated by having participants either resist tempting cookies or by inhibiting thoughts about a white bear. In both cases, nondepleted participants made bolder predictions about their future performance on a video game than their depleted counterparts. Instead, depleted participants were more modest in their predictions and more accurate in their predictions than nondepleted participants. These findings suggest that depletion undermines self‐assurance in oneself, which may have implications for theories of depressive realism, accuracy, confidence, and goal setting.
Existential motive underlying cosmetic surgery: A terror management analysis
Authors: Tam Kim‐Pong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWhy do people consider cosmetic surgery? Based on the terror management theory, the present research identifies an existential motive: Through cosmetic surgery, people can symbolically defend against their death anxiety. A correlational study and an experiment showed that death terror, whether operationalized as individual differences in fear of death or experimentally manipulated mortality salience, was associated with stronger acceptance of cosmetic surgery. This association was absent among participants who did not consider physical appearance important, and weaker among those who were satisfied about their appearance. Also, this association was particularly strong among those with high explicit self‐esteem. This concurs with the recent theoretical development about the role of self‐esteem in symbolic defenses against death terror.
Determinants of brand switching: the role of consumer inferences, brand commitment, and perceived risk
Authors: Choi Beomjoon , Ahluwalia Rohini 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPrevious research in the area of price discounts has generated a rich, but diverse and mixed body of literature. This research examines the role of consumer's brand commitment and product category risk in influencing the nature as well as valence of the inferences generated by consumers in response to price discounts. Our results provide insights regarding how consumers' responses to competitor inducements vary depending upon their brand commitment for the incumbent brand and perceived risk. Furthermore, we show that higher commitment consumers could resist an inducement from a competitor when they are able to generate negative, marketer‐related inferences. Our research suggests that consumers' inferences are critical than pure economic benefits in determining the effectiveness of discounts.
Trash talk in a competitive setting: Impact on self‐efficacy and affect
Authors: Conmy Ben , Tenenbaum Gershon , Eklund Robert , Roehrig Alysia , Filho Edson 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe effects of trash talk and competition outcome on self‐efficacy and affect were examined in 40 Madden™ NFL 08 football video game players randomly assigned to two conditions: silence talk, where they played the first game in complete silence; and the second trash talking. Measures of self‐efficacy, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) were administered. Results revealed that players enforced to be silent in the first game instantaneously exhibited lower self‐efficacy, lower PA, and higher NA than players permitted to talk in Game 1. However, players subsequently instructed to remain silent in the second game showed markedly decreased self‐efficacy compared to players permitted to talk in Game 2. Results are interpreted in light of the social‐cognitive‐motivational theory.
Effect of quercetin on the transport of N-acetyl 5-aminosalicylic acid
Authors: Kamishikiryo Jun , Matsumura Ryusuke , Takamori Tomohiro , Sugihara Narumi 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the transporter-mediated transport of N-acetyl 5-aminosalicylic acid (Ac-5-ASA) and the effect of quercetin on Ac-5-ASA transport.

Methods
Caco-2 cell monolayers grown in Transwells were used to study the transport of Ac-5-ASA in the absence or presence of quercetin, and apical-to-basolateral and basolateral-to-apical apparent permeability (PappAB and PappBA values, respectively) was determined. The effect of transporter inhibitors, such as MK571, quinidine and mitoxantrone, on the transport of Ac-5-ASA was investigated.

Key findings
In the absence of transporter mediators, the transport of Ac-5-ASA was much higher in the basolateral-to-apical direction than in the opposite direction. The PappBA/PappAB ratio of Ac-5-ASA was 4.89. Quercetin inhibited the apical efflux of Ac-5-ASA and decreased the PappBA/PappAB ratio to 1.05. Of the transporter inhibitors, MK571 decreased the PappBA/PappAB ratio to 1.07; however, neither quinidine nor mitoxantrone had an effect on Ac-5-ASA transport.

Conclusions
Ac-5-ASA was excreted by multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 from Caco-2 cells, and its transport was inhibited by quercetin. Our findings suggest that dose levels of sulfasalazine or 5-aminosalicylic acid can be decreased by coadministration of quercetin, leading to improved pharmaceutical care for inflammatory bowel diseases.