bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal hormones in first‐time expectant parents: Longitudinal changes and within‐couple correlations
Authors: Edelstein Robin S. , Wardecker Britney M. , Chopik William J. , Moors Amy C. , Shipman Emily L. , Lin Natalie J. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesExpectant mothers experience marked hormone changes throughout the transition to parenthood. Although similar neuroendocrine pathways are thought to support maternal and paternal behavior, much less is known about prenatal hormone changes in expectant fathers, especially in humans.MethodsWe examined longitudinal changes in salivary testosterone, cortisol, estradiol, and progesterone in 29 first‐time expectant couples (N = 58). Couples were assessed up to four times throughout the prenatal period, at approximately weeks 12, 20, 28, and 36 of pregnancy. We also examined within‐couple correlations in hormones. Data were analyzed using dyadic growth curve modeling.ResultsAs expected, women showed large prenatal increases in all four hormones. Men showed significant prenatal declines in testosterone and estradiol, but there were no detectable changes in men's cortisol or progesterone. Average levels of cortisol and progesterone were significantly positively correlated within couples.ConclusionsThe current study represents one of the most extensive investigations to date of prenatal hormones in expectant couples. It is also the first study to demonstrate prenatal testosterone changes in expectant fathers and within‐couple correlations in progesterone. We discuss implications of these findings for parental behavior and adjustment. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:317–325, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine therapy for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a population‐based study
Authors: Yen Hung‐Rong , Sun Mao‐Feng , Lin Cheng‐Li , Sung Fung‐Chang , Wang Chen‐Chi , Liang Kai‐Li 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic illness with a high prevalence worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) use in patients with CRS.MethodsData were retrieved from a dataset made available by the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) containing the medical records of 1,000,000 randomly sampled beneficiaries insured in the year 2000. Patients newly diagnosed with CRS in the year 2000 were enrolled, and their medical records during the period 2000 to 2011 were collected and analyzed.ResultsA total of 14,806 CRS subjects were enrolled in this study: 10,512 were non‐TCM users and 4294 were TCM users. TCM group had a significantly higher proportion of females, were younger, and a greater proportion lived in urban areas compared with the non‐TCM group (all p < 0.0001). Ninety‐seven percent (97%) of the TCM users received herbal remedies. The most common Chinese herbal formula used was Xin‐Yi‐Qing‐Fei‐Tang and the most commonly used single herb was Baizhi. The hazard ratio (HR) for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was 0.17 for TCM users (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.20) compared with non‐TCM users after adjusting for age, sex, urbanization, and comorbidities.ConclusionOur investigation found that 29% of CRS patients used TCM in addition to Western medical treatment. A lower proportion of patients in the TCM group underwent ESS compared with that in the non‐TCM group. These findings may be of value in further studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of TCM use in CRS patients.
Totalsynthese des Aglykons von Tiacumicin B (Lipiarmycin A3/ Fidaxomicin)
Authors: Glaus Florian , Altmann Karl‐Heinz 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTiacumicin B (Lipiarmycin A3, Fidaxomicin) ist ein atypisches Makrolidantibiotikum, das klinisch zur Behandlung von Infektionen mit Clostridium difficile eingesetzt wird. Tiacumicin B ist auch ein potenter Hemmer von Mycobacterium tuberculosis, kann jedoch infolge seiner unzureichenden oralen Bioverfügbarkeit nicht zur systemischen Therapie eingesetzt werden. Mit dem Ziel, eine Grundlage für Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Studien und die mögliche Entwicklung verbesserter Tiacumicin Varianten zu schaffen, haben wir eine effiziente Synthese des Tiacumicin‐B‐Aglykons entwickelt, die auf dem Ringschluss zum Makrocyclus mittels einer hocheffizienten Suzuki‐Kreuzkupplung basiert. Weitere Schlüsselschritte waren eine hochselektive Corey‐Peterson‐Olefinierung und eine En‐Dien‐Kreuzmetathese. Die abschließende Entschützung lieferte in Abhängigkeit von den gewählten Reaktionsbedingungen entweder das vollständig entschützte Aglykon oder, alternativ, teilweise entschützte Varianten davon.
CO‐Extrusion in der homogenen Gold‐Katalyse: Reaktivität von Goldacyl‐Spezies, erzeugt durch Wasser‐Addition an Goldvinylidene
Authors: Bucher Janina , Stößer Tim , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEine neue Gold‐katalysierte decarbonylierende Inden‐Synthese wird beschrieben. Synergistische σ,π‐Aktivierung von Diin‐Substraten führt zu Goldvinyliden‐Intermediaten, die nach der Addition von Wasser in Goldacyl‐Spezies übergehen – ein Typ von Organogold‐Verbindung, über den bisher nur sehr selten berichtet wurde. Für diese Spezies beweisen wir eine Extrusion von CO, einen in der homogenen Gold‐Katalyse bislang unbekannten Elementarschritt. Durch gezielte Wahl der elektronischen und sterischen Eigenschaften des Edukt‐Diins konnte diese neue Reaktivität für die Synthese von Inden‐Derivaten in hohen Ausbeuten genutzt werden.
Cystobactamide: Topoisomerase‐Inhibitoren aus Myxobakterien mit hoher antibakterieller Aktivität
Authors: Baumann Sascha , Herrmann Jennifer , Raju Ritesh , Steinmetz Heinrich , Mohr Kathrin I. , Hüttel Stephan , Harmrolfs Kirsten , Stadler Marc , Müller Rolf 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDie Entwicklung neuer Antibiotika befindet sich in einer ernsthaften Krise, die unter anderem dadurch begründet ist, dass kaum innovative chemische Grundstrukturen mit Aktivität gegen Gram‐negative und multiresistente Bakterien gefunden werden. Hier berichten wir über die Entdeckung neuer hochwirksamer Antibiotika aus Myxobakterien, den Cystobactamiden 1–3, die aus Cystobacter sp. isoliert wurden und minimale Hemmkonzentrationen im niedrigen μg mL−1‐Bereich aufweisen. Wir beschreiben die Aufreinigung und Strukturaufklärung von drei Derivaten und die Identifizierung und Annotation des dazugehörigen Biosynthesegenclusters. Die molekularen Zielstrukturen der Cystobactamide konnten über die Analyse des Eigenresistenzmechanismus des Produzentenstammes als bakterielle Typ‐IIa‐Topoisomerasen identifiziert werden. Da die Optimierungsmöglichkeiten von Chinolonen als Basis für neue Inhibitoren der Typ‐II‐Topoisomerasen weitgehend ausgereizt sind, erscheinen die Cystobactamide als hochinteressante Alternativen, die durch Medizinalchemie und biosynthetisches Engineering der Entwicklung neuartiger Antibiotika dienen können.
Tuning the Colloidal Crystal Structure of Magnetic Particles by External Field
Authors: Pal Antara , Malik Vikash , He Le , Erné Ben H. , Yin Yadong , Kegel Willem K. , Petukhov Andrei V. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractManipulation of the self‐assembly of magnetic colloidal particles by an externally applied magnetic field paves a way toward developing novel stimuli responsive photonic structures. Using microradian X‐ray scattering technique we have investigated the different crystal structures exhibited by self‐assembly of core–shell magnetite/silica nanoparticles. An external magnetic field was employed to tune the colloidal crystallization. We find that the equilibrium structure in absence of the field is random hexagonal close‐packed (RHCP) one. External field drives the self‐assembly toward a body‐centered tetragonal (BCT) structure. Our findings are in good agreement with simulation results on the assembly of these particles.
Highly Regio‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of γ,δ‐Unsaturated Amido Esters by Catalytic Hydrogenation of Conjugated Enamides
Authors: Gao Min , Meng Jing‐jing , Lv Hui , Zhang Xumu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn efficient and highly regio‐ and enantioselective catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of α,γ‐dienamido esters to γ,δ‐unsaturated amido esters has been achieved using Rh/TangPhos as the catalyst. A series of γ,δ‐unsaturated amido acids were furnished in excellent yields with up to 99 % ee. This effective methodology was applied in the asymmetric synthesis of key intermediate of Ramipril, an ACE inhibitor.
Effect of MWNTs concentration and cooling rate on the morphological, structural, and electrical properties of non‐isothermally crystallized PEN/MWNT nanocomposites
Authors: Espinoza‐Martínez Adriana B. , Ávila‐Orta Carlos A. , Cruz‐Delgado Víctor J. , Medellín‐Rodríguez Francisco J. , Bueno‐Baqués Darío , Mata‐Padilla José M. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe effect of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) concentration and cooling rate on the morphological, structural and electrical properties of non‐isothermally crystallized Poly(ethylene naphthalate) nanocomposites (PEN/MWNT) was studied. PEN/MWNT nanocomposites containing 1 and 2 wt % of nanotubes were prepared by melt blending in a mini twin screw extruder. Nanocomposite samples with different degree of crystallinity (Xc) were obtained via non‐isothermally crystallization at cooling rates of 2, 10, 20, and 300°C min−1. In this study it was demonstrated that carbon nanotubes and cooling rate strongly influence morphological and structural characteristics of PEN. Calorimetric results showed that the peak crystallization temperature (Tc) of PEN nanocomposites was increased ∼9° through heterogeneous nucleation with respect to pure PEN. X‐ray diffraction revealed that carbon nanotubes modify the crystalline structure of PEN favoring the formation of β‐crystals, and this effect increases with the nanotubes content. On the basis of X‐ray scattering analysis, the variation of lamellar thickness revealed that nanotubes promote the formation of lamellar crystals with average thickness of 20 nm at different cooling rates. These structural and morphological changes play an important role on the electrical properties of nanocomposites. It was found that higher concentration of nanotubes and crystallinity promotes electrical conductivity of nanocomposites in the order of semiconductors (until 1 × 10−4 S cm−1) as well as permittivity of 20 at different tested frequencies. This may due to the interconnected networks of nanotubes throughout the crystalline structure formed in PEN nanocomposites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41765.
Clinical and Immunologic Predictors of Scleroderma Renal Crisis in Japanese Systemic Sclerosis Patients With Anti–RNA Polymerase III Autoantibodies
Authors: Hamaguchi Yasuhito , Kodera Masanari , Matsushita Takashi , Hasegawa Minoru , Inaba Yuki , Usuda Toshikazu , Kuwana Masataka , Takehara Kazuhiko , Fujimoto Manabu 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo identify predictive factors for scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) in patients with anti–RNA polymerase III (anti–RNAP III) antibodies.MethodsA total of 583 adult Japanese patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) were screened for anti–RNAP III using a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RNAP subsets were further identified by immunoprecipitation (IP) assays. The association of clinical and immunologic factors with SRC was examined by logistic analyses.ResultsIn this cohort, 37 patients (6%) were positive for anti–RNAP III, as determined by anti–RNAP III–specific ELISA. Further IP assays revealed that 19 patients were positive for anti–RNAP I/III, 17 for anti–RNAP I/II/III, and 1 for anti‐RNAP III. SRC occurred in a total of 17 (2.9%) of 583 patients, with a significantly higher frequency in anti–RNAP III–positive SSc patients (9 of 37 [24%]) than those without anti–RNAP III (8 of 546 [1%]) (odds ratio [OR] 21.6 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 7.8–60.3], P < 0.00001). Our multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that anti–RNAP I/II/III positivity (OR 11.0 [95% CI 1.6–222.8], P = 0.0118) and an ELISA index for anti–RNAP III of ≥157 (OR 2.4 × 109 [95% CI 2.1–uncalculated], P = 0.0093) were independent factors associated with the development of SRC.ConclusionOur findings indicate that anti–RNAP III is associated with SRC, as reported previously. In addition, the presence of anti–RNAP II in combination with anti–RNAP I/III (anti–RNAP I/II/III) and a higher ELISA index for anti–RNAP III may be associated with the development of SRC in SSc patients with anti–RNAP III.
Mast Cell Promotion of T Cell–Driven Antigen‐Induced Arthritis Despite Being Dispensable for Antibody‐Induced Arthritis in Which T Cells Are Bypassed
Authors: Schubert Nadja , Dudeck Jan , Liu Peng , Karutz Anna , Speier Stephan , Maurer Marcus , Tuckermann Jan , Dudeck Anne 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveThe function of mast cells (MCs) in autoimmune disorders has been a subject of controversy recently. MC‐deficient KitW/W‐v mice were found to be resistant to K/BxN serum–transfer arthritis, whereas KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice and a genetic model of MC deficiency independent of the Kit mutation were found to be fully susceptible. This debate might lead to the assumption that MCs are dispensable in autoimmunity in general. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relevance of MCs to arthritis using a genetic model of inducible MC deficiency without compromised Kit signaling.MethodsWe compared MC functions in K/BxN serum–induced arthritis and in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) in a mouse model of inducible MC deficiency by analyzing joint inflammation, parameters of cartilage degradation and bone erosion, and the autoreactive adaptive immune response.ResultsWe observed a redundant role of MCs in K/BxN serum–induced arthritis, where joint inflammation is triggered by cartilage‐bound immune complexes independently of T cells. In contrast, we found MCs to be critically relevant in CIA, which is provoked by two arms of autoimmune attack: autoreactive antibodies and effector T cells. In addition to diminished joint inflammation in the absence of MCs, we found a dramatic loss of T cell expansion upon immunization, accompanied by reduced T cell cytokine responses.ConclusionIn this analysis of an arthritis model in which the cellular arm of adaptive immunity was not bypassed, we identified MCs as important promoters of T cell–conditioned autoimmune disorders and, consequently, as potential therapeutic targets in rheumatoid arthritis.
Functional Anti‐CD94/NKG2A and Anti‐CD94/NKG2C Autoantibodies in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Hagberg Niklas , Theorell Jakob , Hjorton Karin , Spee Pieter , Eloranta Maija‐Leena , Bryceson Yenan T. , Rönnblom Lars 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveRecently we serendipitously identified a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who was positive for autoantibodies to CD94/natural killer receptor group 2A (NKG2A). The present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence and function of autoantibodies targeting lectin‐like NK cell receptors in SLE.MethodsSera from 203 SLE patients and 90 healthy individuals were analyzed, by flow cytometry, for Ig binding to Ba/F3 cells transfected with CD94/NKG2A, CD94/NKG2C, or NKG2D. Autoantibodies identified were characterized with regard to interference with HLA–E binding, effect on NK cell activation in response to HLA–E‐transfected K562 cells, and capacity to facilitate antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Levels of autoantibodies were determined in longitudinally sampled sera, and correlations with disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index 2000) and severity (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index) were investigated.ResultsAnti‐CD94/NKG2A autoantibodies were identified in 7 SLE patients. The autoantibodies from 6 patients inhibited binding of HLA–E to CD94/NKG2A, whereas those from the seventh patient augmented this binding. Autoantibodies from 2 patients also reacted with the activating receptor CD94/NKG2C, with inhibition of the binding of HLA–E to CD94/NKG2C observed in 1 case and enhancement of this binding in the other. None of the sera contained anti‐NKG2D autoantibodies. The levels of anti‐CD94/NKG2A and anti‐CD94/NKG2C autoantibodies correlated with disease activity and with a more severe SLE phenotype. Mechanistically, anti‐CD94/NKG2A and anti‐CD94/NKG2C autoantibodies both interfered with HLA–E‐mediated regulation of NK cell activation and facilitated the elimination of target cells expressing CD94/NKG2A or CD94/NKG2C through ADCC.ConclusionAnti‐CD94/NKG2A and anti‐CD94/NKG2C autoantibodies occur in a subset of patients with clinically active SLE. Given their capacity to deplete certain NK cell subsets and interfere with particular NK cell function, such autoantibodies may promote the pathogenesis of SLE.
tris‐Heteroleptic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with Ambipolar or Electron Injection/Transport Features for Highly Efficient Electrophosphorescent Devices
Authors: Xu Xianbin , Yang Xiaolong , Wu Yong , Zhou Guijiang , Wu Chao , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA series of tris‐heteroleptic phosphorescent cyclometalated IrIII complexes with two different cyclometalating ligands and one ancillary ligand was synthesized. Through manipulation of the electronic features of individual cyclometalating ligands, not only the emission color and electrochemical properties of these IrIII complexes can be tuned, but also unique charge carrier injection and transport traits can be conferred to them. Owing to the enhanced electron injection/transport and ambipolar characters associated with these tris‐heteroleptic structures, these IrIII emitters showed very impressive electroluminescent performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 20.20 %, luminance efficiency of 69.41 cd A−1 and power efficiency of 35.15 Lm W−1. These results provide a new outlet to design and synthesize highly efficient electrophosphors for phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes.
A Novel Robust MM Filter against Outliers
Authors: Liu Yong , Liang Yan , Liu Zhun‐Ga , Pan Quan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) filter suppresses outliers by integrating model‐conditioned estimation and model mode recognition through adaptive mode switches based on a Bayesian probability update. However, it may face significant outlier‐caused peak errors, which are undesirable or even impermissible in many applications, for example, target tracking. This paper considers that, from the view of the Dempster‐Shafer Theory, the IMM filter actually fuses the Bayesian beliefs of the model mode with Dempster's Rule of Combination, which can deal with uncertainties instead of the evidence conflicts that may exist as outliers appear. Therefore, we propose the adaptive robust multiple model (RMM) filter through introducing practical expert knowledge in the belief function framework, which runs online to reduce outlier‐caused peak errors. In RMM, the Likelihood Temporal Ratio (LTR) is incorporated to provide extra information on the tendency of mode switching. Moreover, expert rules are introduced to construct adaptive belief functions using discount techniques and to select the combination rule that better deals with evidence conflicts when outliers appear. The simulations in target tracking scenarios show that the proposed RMM filter significantly reduces outlier‐caused peak errors and hence obtains a lower rate of track loss in the cluttered environment.
Geographic origin is not supported by the genetic variability found in a large living collection of Jatropha curcas with accessions from three continents
Authors: Maghuly Fatemeh , Jankowicz‐Cieslak Joanna , Pabinger Stephan , Till Bradley J. , Laimer Margit 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIncreasing economic interest in Jatropha curcas requires a major research focus on the genetic background and geographic origin of this non‐edible biofuel crop. To determine the worldwide genetic structure of this species, amplified fragment length polymorphisms, inter simple sequence repeats, and novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were employed for a large collection of 907 J. curcas accessions and related species (RS) from three continents, 15 countries and 53 regions. PCoA, phenogram, and cophenetic analyses separated RS from two J. curcas groups. Accessions from Mexico, Bolivia, Paraguay, Kenya, and Ethiopia with unknown origins were found in both groups. In general, there was a considerable overlap between individuals from different regions and countries. The Bayesian approach using STRUCTURE demonstrated two groups with a low genetic variation. Analysis of molecular varience revealed significant variation among individuals within populations. SNPs found by in silico analyses of Δ12 fatty acid desaturase indicated possible changes in gene expression and thus in fatty acid profiles. SNP variation was higher in the curcin gene compared to genes involved in oil production. Novel SNPs allowed separating toxic, non‐toxic, and Mexican accessions. The present study confirms that human activities had a major influence on the genetic diversity of J. curcas, not only because of domestication, but also because of biased selection.
Isothermal microcalorimetry accurately detects bacteria, tumorous microtissues, and parasitic worms in a label‐free well‐plate assay
Authors: Braissant Olivier , Keiser Jennifer , Meister Isabel , Bachmann Alexander , Wirz Dieter , Göpfert Beat , Bonkat Gernot , Wadsö Ingemar 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIsothermal microcalorimetry is a label‐free assay that allows monitoring of enzymatic and metabolic activities. The technique has strengths, but most instruments have a low throughput, which has limited their use for bioassays. Here, an isothermal microcalorimeter, equipped with a vessel holder similar to a 48‐well plate, was used. The increased throughput of this microcalorimeter makes it valuable for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Our results show that the sensitivity of the instrument allows the detection of 3 × 104 bacteria per vial. Growth of P. mirabilis in Luria Broth medium was detected between 2 and 9 h with decreasing inoculum. The culture released 2.1J with a maximum thermal power of 76 μW. The growth rate calculated using calorimetric and spectrophotometric data were 0.60 and 0.57 h–1, respectively. Additional insight on protease activities of P. mirabilis matching the last peak in heat production could be gathered as well. Growth of tumor microtissues releasing a maximum thermal power of 2.1 μW was also monitored and corresponds to a diameter increase of the microtissues from ca. 100 to 428 μm. This opens new research avenues in cancer research, diagnostics, and development of new antitumor drugs. For parasitic worms, the technique allows assessment of parasite survival using motor and metabolic activities even with a single worm.