bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B12 as a source of variability in isotope effects for chloroform biotransformation by Dehalobacter
Authors: Phillips Elizabeth , Picott Katherine , Kümmel Steffen , Bulka Olivia , Edwards Elizabeth , Wang Po‐Hsiang , Gehre Matthias , Nijenhuis Ivonne , Lollar Barbara S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon and chlorine isotope effects for biotransformation of chloroform by different microbes show significant variability. Reductive dehalogenases (RDase) enzymes contain different cobamides, affecting substrate preferences, growth yields, and dechlorination rates and extent. We investigate the role of cobamide type on carbon and chlorine isotopic signals observed during reductive dechlorination of chloroform by the RDase CfrA. Microcosm experiments with two subcultures of a Dehalobacter‐containing culture expressing CfrA—one with exogenous cobamide (Vitamin B12, B12+) and one without (to drive native cobamide production)—resulted in a markedly smaller carbon isotope enrichment factor (εC, bulk) for B12− (−22.1 ± 1.9‰) compared to B12+ (−26.8 ± 3.2‰). Both cultures exhibited significant chlorine isotope fractionation, and although a lower εCl, bulk was observed for B12− (−6.17 ± 0.72‰) compared to B12+ (−6.86 ± 0.77‰) cultures, these values are not statistically different. Importantly, dual‐isotope plots produced identical slopes of ΛCl/C (ΛCl/C, B12+ = 3.41 ± 0.15, ΛCl/C, B12− = 3.39 ± 0.15), suggesting the same reaction mechanism is involved in both experiments, independent of the lower cobamide bases. A nonisotopically fractionating masking effect may explain the smaller fractionations observed for the B12− containing culture.
Deciphering the enigmas of non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): A medicinal chemistry expedition towards combating HIV drug resistance
Authors: Zhang Kun , Zhang Yu‐Jie , Li Min , Pannecouque Christophe , De Clercq Erik , Wang Shuai , Chen Fen‐Er 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe pivotal involvement of reverse transcriptase activity in the pathogenesis of the progressive HIV virus has stimulated gradual advancements in drug discovery initiatives spanning three decades. Consequently, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have emerged as a preeminent category of therapeutic agents for HIV management. Academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies have developed numerous NNRTIs, an essential component of antiretroviral therapy. Six NNRTIs have received Food and Drug Administration approval and are widely used in clinical practice, significantly improving the quality of HIV patients. However, the rapid emergence of drug resistance has limited the effectiveness of these medications, underscoring the necessity for perpetual research and development of novel therapeutic alternatives. To supplement the existing literatures on NNRTIs, a comprehensive review has been compiled to synthesize this extensive dataset into a comprehensible format for the medicinal chemistry community. In this review, a thorough investigation and meticulous analysis were conducted on the progressions achieved in NNRTIs within the past 8 years (2016–2023), and the experiences and insights gained in the development of inhibitors with varying chemical structures were also summarized. The provision of a crucial point of reference for the development of wide‐ranging anti‐HIV medications is anticipated.
Loading conditions for self‐organization in the BML model with stochastic direction choice
Authors: Yashina Marina V. , Tatashev Alexander G. 
Published: August 2024

A dynamical system is considered such that, in this system, particles move on a toroidal lattice of the dimension
according to a version of the rule of particle movement in Biham–Middleton–Levine traffic model. We introduce a stochastic case with direction choice for particles. Particles of the first type move along rows, and the particles of the second type move along columns. The goal is to find conditions of self‐organization system for any lattice dimension. We have proved that the BML model as a dynamical system is a special case of Buslaev nets. This equivalence allows us to use of Buslaev net analysis techniques to investigate the BML model. In Buslaev nets conception, the self‐organization property of the system corresponds to the existence of velocity single point spectrum equal to 1. In the paper, we consider the model version when one notable aspect is that a particle may change its type. Exactly, we assume a constant probability
that a particle changes type at each step. In the case where
, the system corresponds to the classical version of the BML model. We define a state of the system where all particles continue to move indefinitely, in both the present and the future, as a state of free movement. A sufficient condition for the system to result in a state of free movement from any initial state (condition for self‐organization) has been found. This condition is that the number of particles be not greater than half the greatest common divisor of the numbers
. It has been proved that, if
, and whether
or
and there are both at least one particle of the first type and at least particle of the second type, then a necessary condition for a state of free movement to exist is the greatest common divisor of
and
be not less than 3. The theorems are formulated in terms of the algebraic structures and terms of the dynamical system. The spectrum of particle velocities has been found for the net
. This approach allows us to hope that the spectrum of dynamical system can be studied for an arbitrary dimension of the net.
Laryngology Postgraduate Workforce Trends and Job Satisfaction: A Survey of US Academic and Nonacademic Laryngologists
Authors: Tipton Courtney B. , Born Hayley L. , Kennedy Evan , Johns Michael M. , Pitman Michael J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine postgraduate job selection, percentage of career movement, factors influencing these decisions, and job satisfaction of laryngologists within academic and nonacademic fields.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingNonacademic and academic laryngology practices across the United States.MethodsA 21‐question survey including the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JS‐Q) was electronically administered between October and December 2023. Student's t test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThere were 134 (49.26%) complete responses, including 99 (64 males, 34 females, 1 undisclosed) laryngologists in the academic cohort and 35 (25 males, 9 females, 1 undisclosed) in the nonacademic cohort. No association was found between year of initial employment and probability of choosing an academic job (coefficient of variation = 0.02, odds ratio = 1.02, P = .56). A higher percentage of physicians transfer from nonacademics to academics (22.86%) than vice versa (5.05%, P = .002). Factors including lifestyle, pay, leadership, and research support influence career movement and satisfaction. There was higher job satisfaction in the nonacademic group in all domains of JS‐Q except for Training and Development (3.81 vs 3.84, P = .81).ConclusionOver time, the rate of laryngologists pursuing nonacademic versus academic positions has been stable, despite the increasing number of laryngologists. Career satisfaction is high in both academic and nonacademic laryngologists, although higher in nonacademic. Despite this, a higher percentage of physicians transfer from nonacademic to academic positions than the converse. Factors including lifestyle, pay, lack of leadership support, and research support influence career movement and satisfaction.
Palatoglossus Muscle and T4 Category in the Eighth Edition of TNM Staging System for OPSCC
Authors: Tirelli Giancarlo , Gardenal Nicoletta , Polesel Jerry , De Groodt Jasmina , Radin Erik , Giudici Fabiola , Iandolo Laura , Zucchini Simone , Sia Egidio , Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe present study challenges the appropriateness of considering invasion of the palatoglossus muscle (PGM) as a criterion for staging oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) as T4.Study DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingTertiary University Hospital.MethodsThis retrospective study included nonmetastatic OPSCC patients treated with curative intent at the University of Trieste, Italy from 2015 to 2021. Patients were categorized into 4 groups: (1) tumors classified as T1‐T2 by both International Cancer Control (UICC) and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)‐TNM; (2) T1‐T2 tumors upgraded to T4 solely by UICC due to oropharyngeal PGM infiltration; (3) T1‐T2 tumors upgraded to T4 by both UICC and AJCC due to oral PGM infiltration; (4) tumors classified as T3‐T4 by both UICC and AJCC. Kaplan‐Meier analysis estimated overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Multivariable Cox models, adjusted for clinical factors, assessed the impact of palatoglossus invasion on outcomes over 5 years.ResultsA total of 121 consecutive patients with primary OPSCC were included (median [interquartile range] age 65 years [58‐74]; 63% male). While patients with upgraded T4 category due to infiltration of the oral portion of the PGM exhibited a prognosis superimposable on that of other patients with advanced stage disease, those with upgraded T4 category due to infiltration of the oropharyngeal portion of the PGM displayed OS and DFS comparable to T1‐T2 patients.ConclusionOur findings highlight that invasion of the oropharyngeal portion of the PGM may not be a suitable criterion for staging OPSCC as T4. Further research involving larger and independent patient cohorts is strongly encouraged to corroborate these observations.
Self‐healing reversible network from furfuryl‐functionalized copoly(triazine‐r‐polypropylene glycol‐r‐polydimethylsiloxane)
Authors: Truong Thuy Thu , Nguyen Ly Mai Thi , Le Hau Cong , Nguyen Ha Tran , Nguyen Le‐Thu T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNew shape‐memory networks composed of both reversible Diels–Alder covalent crosslinks and the hydrogen and π–π stacking bonds of triazine functional groups, with self‐healing properties as a result of the reversibility of these dynamic bonds were achieved from a furfuryl‐functionalized copoly(triazine‐r‐polypropylene glycol‐r‐polydimethylsiloxane), crosslinked with a maleimide end‐capped polycaprolactone and a long polycaprolactone‐based chain extender. The presence of multiple dynamic bonds, including the Diels–Alder and triazine‐derived π–π stacking and H‐bond interactions as well as the enhanced network mobility arising from polypropylene glycol, polydimethylsiloxane and polycaprolactone segments upon triggering the shape memory effect resulted in a material with high toughness (~200 MPa J−1) and efficient healing ability (with a recoveries of tensile strength and toughness after being cut and healed of 87% and 94%, respectively).Highlights
Furfuryl dichlorotriazine was coupled with PPG and PDMS forming a copolymer.
The copolymer was crosslinked with PCL‐dimaleimide and PCL‐difuran extender.
Multiple dynamic bonds (Diels–Alder, π–π stacking and H‐bond) were present.
The network showed high toughness and good healing performance.
Preparation and characterization of 4D printable PCL/SEBS‐g‐MAH blends with excellent mechanical and shape memory properties
Authors: Gu Shuojun , Liu Donglei , Zhu Lei , Xie Yangdong , Evsyukov S. A. , Luo Xin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work focuses on developing a novel thermal‐responsive shape memory Poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/maleic‐anhydride grafted poly[styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene] (SEBS‐g‐MAH) blends, with enhanced shape memory and mechanical properties, which is tailored for 3D printing applications. The thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of the blends were rigorously assessed by DSC, TGA, mechanical testing, and dynamic rheological analysis. The results show that the elongation at the break of the blends exceeds 1000%, which can be attributed to the formation of the co‐continuous structure. Thermal‐responsive shape memory properties characterized by the water bath circulation method showed that the PCL4/MAH6 exhibited the optimal overall performance (shape fixation rate of 97.22%, shape recovery rate of 96.67%) and remained stable after 10 cycles of testing. Moreover, the effect of printing parameters on shape memory properties was investigated, revealing that blends perform the most promising memory behavior at a layer thickness of 0.1 mm, hot‐bed temperature of 40°C, and printing speed of 40 mm/s. In addition, the relationship between the composition of the blends and their properties was investigated at the molecular level by molecular dynamics simulations, which were in agreement with the experimental observations. In conclusion, this study provides new perspectives on the development of advanced materials suitable for 4D printing applications.Highlights
The co‐continuous structure effectively enhances blends' mechanical properties.
The storage modulus exerts a dominant influence on the shape memory properties.
Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to validate experimental observations.
Poly(ether ketone ketone)/hollow silica filler substrates and application for sixth generation communication
Authors: Wei Xing‐yu , Lei Zhi‐wen , Ma Ning , Hsu Tim , Huang Ya‐qiong , Yeh Jen‐taut 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe influence of density and shape of hollow silicas (silica hollow tubes (SHT) or hollow glass microspheres (HGM)) on dielectric and heat‐resisting characteristics of poly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK)/SHT and PEKK/HGM films was systematically investigated. The dielectric characteristics of PEKK/SHT or PEKK/HGM films decrease to a minimum, as their SHT or HGM contents approach 8 or 20 wt%, respectively, and the minimum dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (tan δ) of PEKK/SHT or PEKK/HGM films decrease visibly with decreasing SHT densities. By filling with 0.46 g cm−3 mean density of SHT or HGM fillers, the minimum εr and tan δ of PEKK/SHT films are somewhat smaller than those of PEKK/HGM films. The linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) values of PEKK/SHT or PEKK/HGM films reduce and their onset degradation temperature values increase gradually with increasing SHT and HGM contents. Low εr/tan δ (2.11/0.0022 and 2.2/0.0027 at 1 MHz), LCTE (35.5 × 10−6 and 31.2 × 10−6 °C−1) and excellent heat‐resisting properties favorable for sixth generation (6G) ultrarapid communication are realized for appropriately prepared PEKK/SHT and PEKK/HGM substrate films. The free‐volume‐hole characteristics of PEKK/HGM or PEKK/SHT films approach a maximum as SHT or HGM contents reach an optimum value of 8 or 20 wt%, respectively. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The importance of language in describing concussions: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Knowles Peter , Schneider Katherine , Bugwadia Amy K. , Sorcar Piya , Pea Roy D. , Daneshvar Daniel H. , Baugh Christine M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundConcussions are mild traumatic brain injuries that are often undiagnosed due to difficulties in identifying symptoms. To minimize the negative sequelae associated with undiagnosed concussion, efforts have targeted improving concussion reporting. However, knowing more about concussions does not indicate how likely an athlete is to report their concussion. Alternatively, the attitudes and beliefs of athletes and surrounding stakeholders have shown to be a better indication of whether an athlete intends to report their concussion. Prior research has shown that athletes report concussions less often when the injury is described using language that minimizes their severity, such as when it is referred to as a “ding.” This study evaluated whether describing concussions using the word “brain” was associated with individuals' underlying attitudes and beliefs about the injury's severity.ObjectiveTo measure the relationship between perceived concussion severity and the language used to describe concussions, specifically whether participants used the word “brain” in describing the injury.MethodsOne‐on‐one semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted, and a cross sectional secondary qualitative analysis was performed to assess participants' perceived concussion severity and their use of the word “brain” to describe concussions.DesignCross‐sectional secondary qualitative analysis.SettingOne‐on‐one semistructured telephone interviews.ParticipantsIn 2017, 94 individuals involved in high school sports, including athletes, coaches, educators, parents of athletes, and athletic directors were recruited via convenience sampling.Main Outcome MeasuresRespondents' perceived severity of concussions.ResultsIndividuals who used a brain phrase to describe concussion also perceived concussions as more severe (p < .001). Specifically, those who described concussions with maximum severity had higher odds of using brain phrases than those who described concussions as having minimum (odds ratio [OR] = 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.002–0.299, p < .001) or moderate severity (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.086–0.647, p = .003), with the most significant relationship found among coaches.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the relationship between medical terminology and perceived severity of concussions. This relationship may play a role in concussion reporting behavior for coaches, athletes, and parents. Education programs using similar medical terminology may promote concussion reporting behaviors.
Physical aging of a glassy polymer in cultural heritage conservation
Authors: Rharbi Yahya , Hugenell Frederic 
Published: August 2024

AbstractArtworks, particularly easel paintings, are multi‐component materials intended to last indefinitely. The protective coatings applied to these artworks often consist of amorphous glass‐like polymers, which undergo slow physical aging and structural recovery below their glass transition temperature. This process alters key physical properties such as mechanical strength, optical clarity, and thermal stability over extended periods. This study investigates the time‐dependent evolution of these properties in Laropal A81, a widely used synthetic resin for cultural heritage conservation, particularly as a replacement for ancient varnishes. The investigation involves characterization of enthalpy recovery via differential scanning calorimetry, refractive index evolution via refractometry, and creep compliance evolution via rheological measurements. The aging behavior of Laropal A81 is further analyzed using the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts function and the Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan model, enabling the quantification of critical dynamic parameters such as activation energy, nonlinearity, partition coefficients, and non‐exponentiality. The gained insights into the long‐term behavior of this coating's properties can be valuable for improving preservation and restoration strategies for cultural heritage.
Generation and migration of CO in CO2 DBD glow plasma under Martian pressure
Authors: Fu Qiang , Ye Zifan , Guo Honglin , Duan Zhixin , Luo Jialun , Chang Zhengshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is a potential tool in the field of in situ CO2 conversion with the low‐pressure environment of Mars. CO is an important intermediate product in the conversion process of CO2. Understanding the pathways and dynamics that govern the generation of CO in CO2 plasmas establishes the foundation for effective regulation. In this work, parallel‐plate DBD structure was employed in our experiment and one‐dimensional fluid simulation model. The findings indicate that CO primarily originates at the boundary of the cathode potential fall region, and it subsequently migrates toward the surface of instantaneous cathode where it accumulates. The thickness of CO‐enriched region is approximately 0.8 mm. During this process, CO migration speed reaches about 2000 m/s. It is worth noting that surface reactions at the instantaneous cathode and anode surfaces contribute only 0.24% to CO generation, in contrast to the predominant influence of impact dissociation reaction between CO2 and electrons (e + CO2 → 2e + CO + O+) at 53.21%, and two‐body decomposition reaction between O+ and CO2 (O+ + CO2 → O +2 + CO) at 35.88%. Finally, the primary factors influencing the migration of CO from production sites to enrichment regions are determined to be particle collisions and momentum exchange between ions and CO, followed by electro‐hydro dynamics force, while dielectrophoresis forces have minimal effect.
Dipicolinic acid reduces Epicoccum sorghinum symptoms on maize and inhibits tenuazonic acid biosynthesis
Authors: Ji Xin‐Yu , Wang Bing‐Yi , Zhang Yi‐Feng , Zhang Yu‐Jing , Lai Ya‐Jie , Yang Yang , Wang Xiang‐Chen , Wang Su‐Yan , Laborda Pedro , Shi Xin‐Chi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpicoccum sorghinum is a pathogenic fungus that causes leaf spot in a wide range of plants, including maize, and synthesizes the mycotoxin tenuazonic acid (TEA), which is carcinogenic. Despite the relevant economic and yield losses caused by E. sorghinum worldwide, methods for the control of this pathogen are lacking.RESULTSIn this work, the efficacy of Bacillus‐produced dipicolinic acid (DPA) for control of E. sorghinum was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo assays, and compared with the efficacy of three commercial fungicides, including carbendazim, prochloraz, and thiram. DPA inhibited E. sorghinum mycelial growth, and conidia germination, and produced important alterations in E. sorghinum hyphae. Interestingly, 10 mM DPA reduced TEA biosynthesis by 86.6%. Although DPA rapidly degraded on maize leaves, 10 mM DPA showed higher preventive (67.4% lesion length inhibition) and inhibitory (89.5% lesion length inhibition) efficacies for the control of E. sorghinum on maize leaves compared to the commercial fungicides.CONCLUSIONSCollectively, this study presents the first method for the control of E. sorghinum on maize and demonstrates that DPA application is a suitable approach to inhibit E. sorghinum symptoms in plants and TEA biosynthesis. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficacy of Atmospheric Non‐thermal Plasma Corona Discharge Under Dry and Wet Conditions on Decontamination of Food Packaging Film Surfaces
Authors: Acar Emine Gizem , Doganoz Dilan , Çavdar Deniz , Karbancioglu‐Guler Funda , Burlica Radu , Astanei Dragos , Olariu Marius‐Andrei , Gunes Gurbuz 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTFood packaging materials must be sterilized to prevent cross‐contamination of the product. Non‐thermal plasma (NTP) corona discharge can be an effective alternative sterilization method for packaging films. The inactivation efficiency atmospheric NTP corona discharge under dry and wet conditions against vegetative cells of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, spores of B. subtilis and Clostridium sporogenes and fungal spores of Candida albicans, Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus niger on polymeric packaging films were studied. The maximum inactivation of these microorganisms was 5.58, 0.54, 1.51, 1.06, 2.47, 1.73, 2.80, 3.20 and 3.50 log, respectively. Microbial inactivation by the treatments was greatly enhanced under wet conditions. Gram‐negative bacteria were found to be more sensitive to NTP, but spores were more resistant than vegetative bacterial cells. Although fungi were less susceptible than bacteria in dry treatments, they became more sensitive than the Gram‐positive bacteria in wet treatments. Overall, plasma treatments under wet conditions achieved higher microbial inactivation and would be favourable over the dry treatment.