bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Supercritical CO2 Modified with Water Cosolvent on the Sterilization of Fungal Spore‐Contaminated Barley Seeds and the Germination of Barley Seeds
Authors: Park Hyong Seok , Choi Hee Jung , Kim Kyoung Heon 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe have investigated the effects of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) modified with water as a cosolvent on the inactivation of Penicillium oxalicum spores inoculated on barley grains and also on the germination yield of the SC‐CO2‐treated barley grains. After SC‐CO2 treatment at different conditions of temperature, cosolvent (water) content and treatment times, the number of colony‐forming units (cfus) of fungal spores and the germination of SC‐CO2‐treated barley grains were analyzed. Among the SC‐CO2 treatment parameters, the cosolvent content was the most significant factor affecting the inactivation yields of P. oxalicum spores. When the pressure of SC‐CO2 was fixed at 10 MPa, the optimal conditions obtained by ridge analysis of response surface methodology were cosolvent content of 231 μL, temperature of 44C and treatment duration of 12 min, which resulted in a 6.8 log10 reduction of cfu. However, the germination yield of barley grains decreased significantly by treating with SC‐CO2 modified with water. For example, the addition of only 300 μL water in the SC‐CO2 treatment reduced the germination yield from 65.4% to 1.4% at the same SC‐CO2 treatment conditions (40C, 10 MPa, and 20 min).Practical ApplicationsThis study demonstrated the lethal effect of modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) against plant pathogenic fungal spores in barley grains. Water cosolvent showed significant synergism in inactivating fungal spores with SC‐CO2. Treatment using SC‐CO2 modified with water cosolvent could be applied in the sterilization step for preservation of barley grains as an alternate for chemical or thermal processes.
Retinoids and glucocorticoids target common genes in hippocampal HT22 cells
Authors: Brossaud Julie , Roumes Hélène , Moisan Marie‐Pierre , Pallet Véronique , Redonnet Anabelle , Corcuff Jean‐Benoît 
Published: February 2013

AbstractVitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) plays a major role in the aging adult brain plasticity. Conversely, chronic excess of glucocorticoids (GC) elicits some deleterious effects in the hippocampus. We questioned here the involvement of RA and GC in the expression of target proteins in hippocampal neurons. We investigated proteins involved either in the signaling pathways [RA receptor β (RARβ) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR)] or in neuron differentiation and plasticity [tissue transglutaminase 2 (tTG) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] in a hippocampal cell line, HT22. We applied RA and/or dexamethasone (Dex) as activators of the pathways and investigated mRNA and protein expression of their receptors and of tTG and BDNF as well as tTG activity and BDNF secretion. Our results confirm the involvement of RA‐ and GC‐dependent pathways and their interaction in our neuronal cell model. First, both pathways regulate the transcription and expression of own and reciprocal receptors: RA and Dex increased RARβ and decreased GR expressions. Second, Dex reduces the expression of tTG when associated with RA despite stimulating its expression when used alone. Importantly, when they are combined, RA counteracts the deleterious effect of glucocorticoids on BDNF regulation and thus may improve neuronal plasticity under stress conditions. In conclusion, GC and RA both interact through regulations of the two receptors, RARβ and GR. Furthermore, they both act, synergistically or oppositely, on other target proteins critical for neuronal plasticity, tTG and BDNF.
The remediation challenge: theoretical and methodological insights from a systematic review
Authors: Cleland Jennifer , Leggett Heather , Sandars John , Costa Manuel J , Patel Rakesh , Moffat Mandy 
Published: February 2013

Objectives  Remediation is usually offered to medical students and doctors in training who underperform on written or clinical examinations. However, there is uncertainty and conflicting evidence about the effectiveness of remediation. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the available evidence to clarify how and why remediation interventions may have worked in order to progress knowledge on this topic.Methods  The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), ERIC (Educational Resources Information Centre), Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for papers published from 1984 to April 2012, using the search terms ‘remedial teaching’, ‘education’, ‘medical’, ‘undergraduate’/or ‘clinical clerkship’/or ‘internship and residency’, ‘at risk’ and ‘struggling’. Only studies that included an intervention, then provided retest data, and reported at least one outcome measure of satisfaction, knowledge, skills or effects on patients were eligible for inclusion. Studies of practising doctors were excluded. Data were abstracted independently in duplicate for all items. Coding differences were resolved through discussion.Results  Thirty‐one of 2113 studies met the review criteria. Most studies were published after 2000 (n = 24, of which 12 were published from 2009 onwards), targeted medical students (n = 22) and were designed to improve performance on an immediately subsequent examination (n = 22). Control or comparison groups, conceptual frameworks, adequate sample sizes and long‐term follow‐up measures were rare. In studies that included long‐term follow‐up, improvements were not sustained. Intervention designs tended to be highly complex, but their design or reporting did not enable the identification of the active components of the remedial process.Conclusions  Most remediation interventions in medical education focus on improving performance to pass a re‐sit of an examination or assessment and provide no insight into what types of extra support work, or how much extra teaching is critical, in terms of developing learning. More recent studies are generally of better quality. Rigorous approaches to developing and evaluating remediation interventions are required.
Clarifying students’ feedback‐seeking behaviour in clinical clerkships
Authors: Bok Harold G J , Teunissen Pim W , Spruijt Annemarie , Fokkema Joanne P I , van Beukelen Peter , Jaarsma Debbie A D C , van der Vleuten Cees P M 
Published: February 2013

Context  Why and how do students seek feedback on their performance in the clinical workplace and which factors influence this? These questions have remained largely unanswered in research into workplace learning during clinical clerkships. Research on feedback has focused mainly on feedback providers. Whether and how feedback recipients actively seek feedback are under‐examined issues. Research in organisational psychology has proposed a mechanism whereby feedback seeking is influenced by motives and goal orientation mediated by the perceived costs and benefits of feedback. Building on a recently published model of resident doctors’ feedback‐seeking behaviour, we conducted a qualitative study to explore students’ feedback‐seeking behaviours in the clinical workplace.Methods  Between April and June 2011, we conducted semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews with veterinary medicine students in Years 5 and 6 about their feedback‐seeking behaviour during clinical clerkships. In the interviews, 14 students were asked about their goals and motives for seeking feedback, the characteristics of their feedback‐seeking behaviour and factors influencing that behaviour. Using template analysis, we coded the interview transcripts and iteratively reduced and displayed the data until agreement on the final template was reached.Results  The students described personal and interpersonal factors to explain their reasons for seeking feedback. The factors related to intentions and the characteristics of the feedback provider, and the relationship between the feedback seeker and provider. Motives relating to image and ego, particularly when students thought that feedback might have a positive effect on image and ego, influenced feedback‐seeking behaviour and could induce specific behaviours related to students’ orientation towards particular sources of feedback, their orientation towards particular topics for and timing of feedback, and the frequency and method of feedback‐seeking behaviour.Conclusions  This study shows that during clinical clerkships, students actively seek feedback according to personal and interpersonal factors. Perceived costs and benefits influenced this active feedback‐seeking behaviour. These results may contribute towards the optimising and developing of meaningful educational opportunities during clerkships.
On the presence of the Late Permian dicynodont Endothiodon in Brazil
Authors: Boos Alessandra D. S. , Schultz Cesar L. , Vega Cristina S. , Aumond Juarês J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe first dicynodont reported for the Permian of South America is described in detail here. The specimen consists of a partial skull and associated lower jaws, collected from the Serra do Cadeado locality, Rio do Rasto Formation, Brazil. The specimen was assigned to the genus Endothiodon Owen in a preliminarily description published in the 1970s. This identification implied a direct correlation with some of the well‐established biozones of the Beaufort Group, South Africa, where this taxon is known to occur. Although badly weathered, the Brazilian material preserves several features that allow us to confirm its assignment to Endothiodon, such as the pineal foramen situated on a boss, the bulbous swellings of the dentaries, a boss situated on the ventral margin of the jugal, the extensive number of dentary teeth and the upturned pointed beak of the lower jaw. However, this set of characters is not enough to establish a specific taxonomic assignment for the specimen, although it seems to be more closely related to E. bathystoma, E. uniseries and E. whaitsi than to E. mahalanobisi. The biostratigraphical correlations proposed for the tetrapod faunas of the Rio do Rasto Formation highlight the similarities between these associations and others from the Mid and Late Permian of South Africa and Eastern Europe. However, until now, these correlations are tentative because only a few faunal elements have been recovered from Brazil, and most of them lack stratigraphic data on the levels from where they were collected. Due to the presence of Endothiodon, at least part of the Rio do Rasto Formation can be correlated with deposits in India, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
On the sensitivity of common gamma‐index evaluation methods to MLC misalignments in Rapidarc quality assurance
Authors: Heilemann G. , Poppe B. , Laub W. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose:In this study the effects of small systematic MLC misalignments and gravitational errors on the quality of Rapidarc treatment plan delivery are investigated with respect to verification measurements with two detector arrays and the evaluation of clinical significance of the error‐induced deviations.Methods:Five prostate and six head and neck plans were modified by means of three error types: (1) both MLC banks are opened, respectively, in opposing directions, resulting in larger fields; (2) both MLC banks are closed, resulting in smaller fields; and (3) both MLC banks are shifted for lateral gantry angles, respectively, in the same direction to simulate the effects of gravity on the leaves. Measurements were evaluated with respect to a gamma‐index of 3%/3 mm and 2%/2 mm. Dose in the modified plans was recalculated and the resulting dose volume histograms for target and critical structures were compared to those of the unaltered plans.Results:The smallest introduced leaf position deviations which fail the >90% criterion for a gamma‐index of 2%/2 mm are: (1) 1 mm; (2) 0.5 mm for prostate and 1.0 mm for head and neck cases; and (3) 3 mm corresponding to the error types, respectively. These errors would lead to significant changes in mean PTV dose and would not be detected with the more commonly used 3%/3 mm gamma‐index criterion.Conclusions:A stricter gamma‐index (2%/2 mm) is necessary in order to detect positional errors of the MLC. Nevertheless, the quality assurance procedure of Rapidarc treatment plans must include a thorough examination of where dose discrepancies occur, and professional judgment is needed when interpreting the gamma‐index analysis, since even a >90% passing rate using the 2%/2 mm gamma‐index criterion does not guarantee the absence of clinically significance dose deviation.
Tumor response parameters for head and neck cancer derived from tumor‐volume variation during radiation therapy
Authors: Chvetsov Alexei V. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose:The main goal of this paper is to reconstruct a distribution of cell survival fractions from tumor‐volume variation for a heterogeneous group of head and neck cancer patients and compare this distribution to the data from predictive assays.Methods:To characterize the tumor‐volume variation during radiation therapy treatment, the authors use a two‐level tumor‐volume model of cell population that separates the entire tumor cell population into two subpopulations of viable cells and lethally damaged cells. This parameterized radiobiological model is integrated with a least squares objective function and a simulated annealing optimization algorithm to describe time‐dependent tumor‐volume variation rates in individual patients. Several constraints have been used in the optimization problem because tumor‐volume variation during radiotherapy is described by a sum of exponentials; therefore, the problem of accurately fitting a model to measured data is ill‐posed. The model was applied to measured tumor‐volume variation curves from a clinical study on tumor‐volume variation during radiotherapy for 14 head and neck cancer patients in which an integrated CT/linear particle accelerator (LINAC) system was used for tumor‐volume measurements.Results:The two‐level cell population tumor‐volume modeling is capable of describing tumor‐volume variation throughout the entire treatment for 11 of the 14 patients. For three patients, the tumor‐volume variation was described only during the initial part of treatment, a fact that may be related to the neglected hypoxia in the two‐level approximation. The predicted probability density distribution for the survival fractions agrees with the data obtained usingin vitro studies with predictive assays. The mean value 0.35 of survival fraction obtained in this study is larger than the value 0.32 from in vitro studies, which could be expected because of greater repair in vivo. The mean half‐life obtained in this study for the head‐and‐neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is equal to 3.8 mean potential doubling times, which agrees with 4.0 mean potential doubling times obtained previously for lung SCC.Conclusions:The distribution of cell survival fractions obtained in this study support the hypothesis that the tumor‐volume variation during radiotherapy treatment for head and neck cancer can be described by the two‐level cell population tumor‐volume model. This model can be used forin vivo evaluation of patient‐specific radiobiological parameters that are needed for tumor‐control probability evaluation.
Integration of cardiac and respiratory motion into MRI roadmaps fused with x‐ray
Authors: Faranesh Anthony Z. , Kellman Peter , Ratnayaka Kanishka , Lederman Robert J. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose:Volumetric roadmaps overlaid on live x‐ray fluoroscopy may be used to enhance image guidance during interventional procedures. These roadmaps are often static and do not reflect cardiac or respiratory motion. In this work, the authors present a method for integrating cardiac and respiratory motion into magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐derived roadmaps to fuse with live x‐ray fluoroscopy images, and this method was tested in large animals.Methods:Real‐time MR images were used to capture cardiac and respiratory motion. Nonrigid registration was used to calculate motion fields to deform a reference end‐expiration, end‐diastolic image to different cardiac and respiratory phases. These motion fields were fit to separate affine motion models for the aorta and proximal right coronary artery. Under x‐ray fluoroscopy, an image‐based navigator and ECG signal were used as inputs to deform the roadmap for live overlay. Thein vivo accuracy of motion correction was measured in four swine as the ventilator tidal volume was varied.Results:Motion correction reduced the root‐mean‐square error between the roadmaps and manually drawn centerlines, even under high tidal volume conditions. For the aorta, the error was reduced from 2.4 ± 1.5 mm to 2.2 ± 1.5 mm (p < 0.05). For the proximal right coronary artery, the error was reduced from 8.8 ± 16.2 mm to 4.3 ± 5.2 mm (p < 0.001). Using real‐time MRI and an affine motion model it is feasible to incorporate physiological cardiac and respiratory motion into MRI‐derived roadmaps to provide enhanced image guidance for interventional procedures.Conclusions:A method has been presented for creating dynamic 3D roadmaps that incorporate cardiac and respiratory motion. These roadmaps can be overlaid on live X‐ray fluoroscopy to enhance image guidance for cardiac interventions.
Draft Genome Sequence of Catellicoccus marimammalium, a Novel Species Commonly Found in Gull Feces
Authors: Weigand Michael R. , Ryu Hodon , Bozcek Laura , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. , Santo Domingo Jorge W. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Catellicoccus marimammalium
is a relatively uncharacterized Gram-positive facultative anaerobe with potential utility as an indicator of waterfowl fecal contamination. Here, we report an annotated draft genome sequence that suggests that this organism may be a symbiotic gut microbe.
Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus saerimneri 30a (Formerly
Lactobacillus
sp. Strain 30a), a Reference Lactic Acid Bacterium Strain Producing Biogenic Amines
Authors: Romano Andrea , Trip Hein , Campbell-Sills Hugo , Bouchez Olivier , Sherman David , Lolkema Juke S. , Lucas Patrick M. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus
sp. strain 30a (
Lactobacillus saerimneri
) produces the biogenic amines histamine, putrescine, and cadaverine by decarboxylating their amino acid precursors. We report its draft genome sequence (1,634,278 bases, 42.6% G+C content) and the principal findings from its annotation, which might shed light onto the enzymatic machineries that are involved in its production of biogenic amines.
Complete Genome Sequence of
emm
1 Streptococcus pyogenes A20, a Strain with an Intact Two-Component System, CovRS, Isolated from a Patient with Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Zheng Po-Xing , Chung Kun-Ta , Chiang-Ni Chuan , Wang Shu-Ying , Tsai Pei-Jane , Chuang Woei-Jer , Lin Yee-Shin , Liu Ching-Chuan , Wu Jiunn-Jong 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we announce the complete sequence of
Streptococcus pyogenes
A20. This strain was isolated from a patient with necrotizing fasciitis. Given that A20 harbors an intact two-component system, CovRS, the discovery of its genome sequence provides more insight into the pathogenesis of a pandemic
emm
1 strain.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pediococcus lolii NGRI 0510Q
T
Isolated from Ryegrass Silage
Authors: Doi Katsumi , Mori Kazuki , Tashiro Kosuke , Fujino Yasuhiro , Nagayoshi Yuko , Hayashi Yoshiharu , Kuhara Satoru , Ohshima Toshihisa 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Pediococcus lolii
NGRI 0510Q
T
was isolated from ryegrass silage produced on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Here we present a draft genome sequence for this strain, consisting of 103 contigs for a total of 2,047,078 bp, 2,154 predicted coding sequences, and a G+C content of 42.1%.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Human Coxsackievirus B3 from a Child with Myocarditis in Beijing, China
Authors: Du Jiang , Wu Zhiqiang , Xue Ying , Zhang Ting , Yang Fan , Jin Qi 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
A human coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), designated strain Beijing0811, was isolated from a child diagnosed with hospital-acquired infectious acute myocarditis in Beijing, China, and propagated in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. The complete genome sequence of this virus was 7,402 nucleotides, excluding the 3′ poly(A) tail, which encoded a large polyprotein with 2,185 amino acids. This report will help us to analyze the evolutionary and epidemic characteristics of CVB3.
Eosinophilic oesophagitis in children: responders and non-responders to swallowed fluticasone
Authors: Boldorini Renzo , Mercalli Francesca , Oderda Giuseppina 
Published: February 2013

Eosinophilic Oesophagitis (EO) is characterised by large numbers of eosinophils in oesophageal mucosa in response to food or inhaled antigens. Treatment with elimination diet or corticosteroids lead to improvement in some children, but their efficacy is not optimal.Aimof this study is to identify clinical, endoscopic and/or histological features associated with response to treatment with swallowed fluticasone propionate.Patients and methodsIn the last 12 years 34 children (M/F 25/9) with EO were treated with fluticasone propionate spray 250 μg/puff by inhaler without spacer, three puffs three times a day for 6 weeks, and returned for a follow-up endoscopy. At histology 25 of them were found to be responders to therapy (73.5%) and 9 were non-responders. Anthropometric characteristics, symptoms at presentation, endoscopic and histological data at baseline between responders and non-responders were compared.ResultsAge, sex, height, duration and type of main symptom at presentation, type of allergy and number of allergens, peripheral eosinophil counts an serum IgE were similar in responders and non-responders. At baseline histology findings responders had a more severe inflammation: median peak eosinophils/high power field was higher (76 vs 44 in non responders p=0.04), eosinophilic microabscesses were present in a significantly higher number of responders (p=0.04) and peak mast cells/ high power field was significantly higher (p=0.001).ConclusionsClinical characteristics of children with EO at baseline were similar in responders and non-responders, but a more severe inflammation in oesophageal mucosa was associated with a higher response rate to fluticasone treatment.
The Model Muddle: In Search of Tumor Growth Laws
Authors: Gerlee Philip 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this article, we will trace the historical development of tumor growth laws, which in a quantitative fashion describe the increase in tumor mass/volume over time. These models are usually formulated in terms of differential equations that relate the growth rate of the tumor to its current state and range from the simple one-parameter exponential growth model to more advanced models that contain a large number of parameters. Understanding the assumptions and consequences of such models is important, as they often underpin more complex models of tumor growth. The conclusion of this brief survey is that although much improvement has occurred over the last century, more effort and new models are required if we are to understand the intricacies of tumor growth. Cancer Res; 73(8); 2407–11. ©2013 AACR.