bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential impact of anaerobic microbial metabolism during the geological disposal of intermediate-level waste
Authors: Rizoulis A. , Steele H. M. , Morris K. , Lloyd J. R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMicrobial metabolism has the potential to control the biogeochemistry of redox-active radionuclides in a range of geodisposal scenarios. In this study, sediments from a high pH lime workings site were incubated under carefully controlled anaerobic conditions, at a range of alkali pH values with added electron donors and electron acceptors, to explore the limits and rates of bioreduction in a sediment system analogous to intermediate-level nuclear waste. There was a clear succession in the utilization of electron acceptors (in the order nitrate > Fe(III)-citrate > Fe(III) oxyhydroxide > sulfate), in accordance with calculated free energy yields and Eh values over the pH range 10–12. The rate and extent of bioreduction decreased at higher pH, with an upper limit for the processes studied at pH 12. The biochemical limits for such processes are discussed, alongside the potential impact of such forms of microbial metabolism on the solubility of a range of redox active radionuclides that will feature heavily in the safety case for the geological disposal of intermediate-level nuclear waste.
Data analysis toolkit for long-term, large-scale experiments
Authors: Bennett D. P. , Cuss R. J. , Vardon P. J. , Harrington J. F. , Philp R. N. , Thomas H. R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA new data analysis toolkit which is suitable for the analysis of large-scale, long-term datasets and the phenomenon/anomalies they represent is described. The toolkit aims to expose and quantify scientific information in a number of forms contained within a time-series based dataset in a quantitative and rigorous manner, reducing the subjectivity of observations made, thereby supporting the scientific observer. The features contained within the toolkit include the ability to handle non-uniform datasets, time-series component determination, frequency component determination, feature/event detection and characterization/parameterization of local behaviours. An application is presented of a case study dataset arising from the 'Lasgit' experiment.
An overview of radionuclide behaviour research for the UK geological disposal programme
Authors: Vines S. , Beard R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the UK, radioactive wastes currently planned for disposal in a geological disposal facility (GDF) are intermediate-level waste, some low-level waste and high-level waste. Disposal of other materials, including spent fuel, separated uranium and separated plutonium are also included in the planning of a GDF, if such materials are classified as wastes in the future. This paper gives an overview of the radionuclide behaviour research studies of the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority Radioactive Waste Management Directorate (NDA RWMD). The NDA RWMD's current understanding of the processes that control radionuclide behaviour in groundwater and how the engineered and natural barriers in a GDF would contain radionuclides is presented. Areas requiring further work are also identified.
Uranyl binding to humic acid under conditions relevant to cementitious geological disposal of radioactive wastes
Authors: Stockdale A. , Bryan N. D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFew studies have sought to investigate the potential for dissolved organic matter (DOM) to bind (and thus potentially transport) radionuclides under the high pH regimes that are expected in cementitious disposal. We have used equilibrium dialysis to investigate uranyl binding to humic acid over a pH range of ∼10 to 13. The experimental results provide evidence that DOM can bind uranyl ions over this pH range, including in the presence of competing ions. There is a general decrease in binding with increasing pH, from ∼80% of total uranyl bound at pH 9.8 to ∼10% at pH 12.9. Modelling of the system withWHAM/Model VIIcan yield representative results up to pH ∼10.5.
Effect of competition from other metals on nickel complexation by α-isosaccharinic, gluconic and picolinic acids
Authors: Evans N. D. M. , Gascón S. Antón , Vines S. , Felipe-Sotelo M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe effect of competition from other metal ions on the complexation of Ni with isosaccharinic acid, gluconic acid and picolinic acid, at high pH, is described. The competing metal ions used were divalent Co, trivalent Eu and tetravalent Th. In the majority of cases, competition from these metal ions followed the predicted pattern, with most anomalies seeming to be caused by sorption of Ni to the many different solid phases formed in presence of the competing ions. The Ni solid phase was shown to change with time during the course of the study. No major unexplained competition effects were found.
The complexation of Tc(IV) with EDTA and picolinic acid at high pH
Authors: Evans N. D. M. , Hallam R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the UK, technetium may be disposed of in a high pH, low Eh cementitious repository. In such a scenario, its chemistry would be dominated by TcO4−, in aerobic conditions and the sparingly soluble TcO2(s)in anaerobic conditions. Repository heterogeneity could mean that both Tc(VII) and Tc(IV) are present simultaneously. The anthropogenic ligands EDTA and picolinic acid are commonly used as decontamination agents and are likely to be present in intermediate-level waste (ILW). They could complex with Tc(IV) increasing its aqueous concentration and mobility in the cement porewaters and beyond. The conditional stability constants (measured in 0.3 mol dm−3NaOH) for the Tc(IV)–EDTA and Tc(IV)–picolinic acid complexes have been determined to be: βTc(IV)−EDTA= 1.6 × 1026, which corresponds to log β = 25.2±0.6; and βTc(IV)−PA= 8.65 × 1026, which corresponds to log β = 26.9±0.1, respectively.
The long-term cement studies project: the UK contribution to model development and testing
Authors: Watson C. E. , Savage D. , Wilson J. , Walker C. , Benbow S. J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe international long-term cement studies (LCS) project aims to increase the understanding of the behaviour of cement within a radioactive waste disposal system and how hyper-alkaline leachates may interact with host rock. Such an understanding enables confident, robust and safety-relevant statements to be made concerning future system behaviour, irrespective of host rock, engineered barrier system, or waste type. The LCS project involves laboratory experiments, in situ tests and numerical modelling to address these issues. The agencies participating are Nagra (Switzerland), JAEA (Japan), the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, Radioactive Waste Mangement Directorate (UK), Posiva (Finland) and SKB (Sweden).Project activities have included: the development of conceptual and theoretical models of cement–rock interaction; testing of numerical models against data from laboratory experiments and industrial and natural analogues of cement–rock reaction; and the synthesis and incorporation of performance assessment (PA) relevant data from analogue studies. Key threads running through these studies include an analysis of issues relating to upscaling of processes and data to the greater temporal and spatial scales relevant to PA, and investigations of modelling the changes in physical properties that accompany geochemical reaction. Here we present examples of the results from model test cases, highlighting the important issues that have arisen.
Framework for an environmental safety case for geological disposal in the UK
Authors: Poole M. J. , Kowe R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe implementation of a geological disposal facility requires the demonstration of confidence that such a facility would be safe during both the operational period and in the long-term after the closure of such a facility. The generic environmental safety case described in this paper is the vehicle used to demonstrate an understanding of environmental safety. It will be used to prepare a site-specific environmental safety case in due course. The approach taken will be consistent with a staged development and approval process, as advocated by the environmental regulators.
The histone demethylase UTX regulates stem cell migration and hematopoiesis
Authors: Thieme Sebastian , Gyárfás Tobias , Richter Cornelia , Özhan Günes , Fu Jun , Alexopoulou Dimitra , Muders Michael H. , Michalk Irene , Jakob Christiane , Dahl Andreas , Klink Barbara , Bandoła Joanna , Bachmann Michael , Schröck Evelin , Buchholz Frank , Stewart A. Francis , Weidinger Gilbert , Anastassiadis Konstantinos , Brenner Sebastian 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
UTX regulates migration and hematopoiesis. Female UTX-KO mice show key features of myelodysplastic syndrome with chromosomal instability.
Neutrophil counts distinguish between malignancy and arthritis in children with musculoskeletal pain: a case–control study
Authors: Agodi Antonella , Barchitta Martina , Trigilia Cristina , Barone Patrizia , Marino Silvia , Garozzo Rosaria , La Rosa Manuela , Russo Giovanna , Di Cataldo Andrea 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
To identify the predictive factors for malignancies using basic clinical and laboratory information in children presenting with musculoskeletal pain and eventually diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or malignancy.

Methods
A retrospective case–control chart review research examining laboratory data from patients referred for musculoskeletal pain in 2001–2010 and diagnosed with malignancy or JIA was performed. The validity of each test for the diagnosis of neoplasia was assessed by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV) and likelihood ratios.

Results
A total of 134 patients were enrolled. Statistically significant differences were found in neutrophil count, Hb, LDH, IgA and C4 values, ANA, anti-EA EBV IgG and anti-CMV IgG titres. High LDH value and anti-CMV IgG were the most predictive factors for neoplasia. High specificity factors for neoplasia were abnormal values of neutrophil count, Hb, IgA and C4, and the presence of anti-EA EBV and anti-CMV IgG. High PPV were recorded for abnormal neutrophil count, Hb value and anti-CMV titre. A low NPV was found only for anti-EA EBV and anti-CMV titres.

Conclusions
In this setting of patients, minimum changes in neutrophil count, particularly if associated with low Hb and high LDH levels, are to be thoroughly considered, because they appear as the most predictive factors for the diagnosis of tumour.
In vitro interaction of artemisinin derivatives or the fully synthetic peroxidic anti-malarial OZ277 with thapsigargin in Plasmodium falciparum strains
Authors: Abiodun Oyindamola O , Brun Reto , Wittlin Sergio 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Semi-synthetic artemisinin derivatives are powerful peroxidic drugs in artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) recommended as first-line treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in disease-endemic countries. Studies by Eckstein-Ludwig and co-workers showed both thapsigargin and artemisinin specifically inhibit the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+−ATPase of Plasmodium falciparum (PfATP6). In the present study the type of interaction between thapsigargin and artemisinin derivatives as well as the ozonide OZ277 (RBx11160 or arterolane) was evaluated in parasite cultures. The latter compound is an adamantane-based peroxide and the first fully synthetic clinical candidate recently registered in India by Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. for anti-malarial combination therapy.

Methods
Drug interaction studies were performed using a previously described fixed ratio method and anti-malarial activity measured using the [3H] hypoxanthine incorporation assay.

Results
The sum 50% and 90% fractional inhibitory concentration (∑FIC50, 90) of the interaction of thapsigargin with OZ277, artemether or artesunate, against NF54 and K1 strains of P. falciparum ranged from 0.9 to 1.4.

Conclusion
The interaction of thapsigargin with OZ277, artesunate or artemether was additive, data consistent with previous observations indicating that activity of anti-malarial peroxides does not derive from reversible interactions with parasite targets.
Clinical reliability of radial forearm free flap in repair of buccal defects
Authors: Fang Qi-Gen , Li Zhen-Ning , Zhang Xu , Liu Fa-Yu , Xu Zhong-Fei , Sun Chang-Fu 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
The ideal method for buccal defects should provide good outcome of both function and appearance; our goal is to highlight the reliability of radial forearm flap in buccal reconstruction.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted. From 2005 to 2012, 20 radial forearm flaps were used to repair the defects. We analyzed the superiority and reliability of the flap; in addition, we reviewed some related literature and made a comparison between radial forearm flap and platysma flap.

Results
All radial forearm flaps totally survived, but two flaps suffered venous obstruction, hematoma, respectively. Radial forearm flap preserved the original interincisal distance well. In our follow-up, all patients had sufficient mouth-opening width (mean: 4.3 cm).

Conclusion
Radial forearm flap is a reliable method for buccal defect reconstruction.
Generalized Fibonacci sequences in groupoids
Authors: Kim Hee Sik , Neggers J , So Keum Sook 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the notion of generalized Fibonacci sequences over a groupoid and discuss it in particular for the case where the groupoid contains idempotents and pre-idempotents. Using the notion of Smarandache-type P-algebra, we obtain several relations on groupoids which are derived from generalized Fibonacci sequences.

MSC:11B39, 20N02, 06F35.
Economic analyses to support decisions about HPV vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: a consensus report and guide for analysts
Authors: Jit Mark , Levin Carol , Brisson Marc , Levin Ann , Resch Stephen , Berkhof Johannes , Kim Jane , Hutubessy Raymond 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Low- and middle-income countries need to consider economic issues such as cost-effectiveness, affordability and sustainability before introducing a program for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. However, many such countries lack the technical capacity and data to conduct their own analyses. Analysts informing policy decisions should address the following questions: 1) Is an economic analysis needed? 2) Should analyses address costs, epidemiological outcomes, or both? 3) If costs are considered, what sort of analysis is needed? 4) If outcomes are considered, what sort of model should be used? 5) How complex should the analysis be? 6) How should uncertainty be captured? 7) How should model results be communicated? Selecting the appropriate analysis is essential to ensure that all the important features of the decision problem are correctly represented, but that the analyses are not more complex than necessary. This report describes the consensus of an expert group convened by the World Health Organization, prioritizing key issues to be addressed when considering economic analyses to support HPV vaccine introduction in these countries.
Mucosal transmissibility, disease induction and coreceptor switching of R5 SHIVSF162P3Nmolecular clones in rhesus macaques
Authors: Ren Wuze , Mumbauer Alexandra , Zhuang Ke , Harbison Carole , Knight Heather , Westmoreland Susan , Gettie Agegnehu , Blanchard James , Cheng-Mayer Cecilia 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Mucosally transmissible and pathogenic CCR5 (R5)-tropic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) molecular clones are useful reagents to identity neutralization escape in HIV-1 vaccine experiments and to study the envelope evolutionary process and mechanistic basis for coreceptor switch during the course of natural infection.

Results
We observed progression to AIDS in rhesus macaques infected intrarectally with molecular clones of the pathogenic R5 SHIVSF162P3N isolate. Expansion to CXCR4 usage was documented in one diseased macaque that mounted a neutralizing antibody response and in another that failed to do so, with the latter displaying a rapid progressor phenotype. V3 loop envelop glycoprotein gp120 sequence changes that are predictive of a CXCR4 (X4)-using phenotype in HIV-1 subtype B primary isolates, specifically basic amino acid substations at positions 11 (S11R), 24 (G24R) and 25 (D25K) of the loop were detected in the two infected macaques. Functional assays showed that envelopes with V3 S11R or D25K mutation were dual-tropic, infecting CD4+ target cells that expressed either the CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptor. And, consistent with findings of coreceptor switching in macaques infected with the pathogenic isolate, CXCR4-using variant was first detected in the lymph node of the chronically infected rhesus monkey several weeks prior to its presence in peripheral blood. Moreover, X4 emergence in this macaque coincided with persistent peripheral CD4+ T cell loss and a decline in neutralizing antibody titer that are suggestive of immune deterioration, with macrophages as the major virus-producing cells at the end-stage of disease.

Conclusions
The data showed that molecular clones derived from the R5 SHIVSF162P3N isolate are mucosally transmissible and induced disease in a manner similar to that observed in HIV-1 infected individuals, providing a relevant and useful animal infection model for in-depth analyses of host selection pressures and the env evolutionary changes that influence disease outcome, coreceptor switching and vaccine escape.
Phenology of Spondias tuberosaArruda (Anacardiaceae) under different landscape management regimes and a proposal for a rapid phenological diagnosis using local knowledge
Authors: Neto Ernani MF Lins , Almeida Alyson LS , Peroni Nivaldo , Castro Cibele C , Albuquerque Ulysses P 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Background
Studies aimed at investigating the influence of habitat change on species phenology. Studies that investigate people's perceptions of the phenology of certain species still area few; yet this approach is important for effective decision-making for conservation. The aim of this study was to investigate the phenology of Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae), a native species of economic and ecological importance in northeastern Brazil, in five landscape units (LUs) (Mountain, Mountain Base, Pasture, Cultivated Areas and Homegardens) of a Caatinga region in Altinho, Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. These data could then be compared with local people's perceptions of the species’ phenophases.

Method
Collection of phenological data was carried out monthly from February 2007 to January 2009 and included activity, intensity and synchronization of reproductive and vegetative phenophases. Ethnobotanical data were gathered using a collaborative approach to access local people’s knowledge about the species’ phenological schedule.

Results
There were no significant differences in the intensity of phenophases among LUs, and there was a correspondence between people’s perception of phenophases and the phenological data collected. The data show that the different management practices for LUs did not influence the phenology of the species.

Conclusion
The main conclusion of this study is the use of traditional knowledge as interesting tool for rapid phenological diagnosis. However further studies need to be developed to test this tool in other environments and cultural contexts.
Arch translocation and the intra-arch elephant-trunk technique with collared graft for extended chronic dissecting aortic aneurysm
Authors: Ikenaga Shigeru , Mikamo Akihito , Kudo Tomoaki , Kurazumi Hiroshi , Suzuki Ryo , Hamano Kimikazu 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Management of extensive, chronic, dissecting aortic aneurysms after prior repair of the ascending aorta presents a technical challenge for surgeons. A symptomatic 64-year-old patient was admitted for elective surgical repair of an aortic annular dilatation, causing severe aortic regurgitation, and a Crawford type II extended thoracoabdominal aneurysm, 4 years after he underwent primary repair of an acute aortic dissection. The aorta was diffusely dilated, and there were no sites beyond the distal aortic arch where anastomosis could be performed. We successfully performed total aortic replacement with a 2-stage strategy, using an arch translocation technique and an intra-arch elephant-trunk technique.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor as a cause of chronic cardiac insufficiency in cattle
Authors: Pavarini Saulo Petinatti , Gomes Danilo Carloto , Bandinelli Marcele Bettim , Wouters Flademir , Sonne Luciana , Driemeier David , Farias da Cruz Cláudio Estêvão 
Published: January 2013

AbstractChronic cardiac insufficiency was associated with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a cow. An eight-year-old cow developed a progressive condition (over a period of three months) characterized by an enhanced abdominal volume, reluctance to move, a positive jugular pulse, watery diarrhea and death. At necropsy, moderate subcutaneous edema and an enhanced hepatic lobular pattern were observed. A 23x20x11 cm firm, grayish-white mass adhered to and infiltrated the right atrium. Multiple firm, yellowish-white nodules of 0.5 to 12 cm in diameter were diffusely scattered in the epicardium and parietal pericardium. Histologically, the tumor was poorly circumscribed with foci of infiltration of the myocardium. The neoplastic cells had two major histologic patterns, Antoni types A and B. Within occasional foci, pleomorphic cells with an epithelioid appearance were present in addition to multinucleated cells with periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-positive cytoplasmic globules. Foci of cartilaginous and granular differentiations were interspersed among the neoplastic cells. Multiple vessels presented wall hyalinization and tumoral embolus. Large necrotic foci with mineralization and cholesterol clefts were also observed. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for S100 protein, vimentin and neuron-specific enolase labeling.
Rapid and sensitive detection of bla
KPC gene in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae by a molecular real-time assay
Authors: Mosca Adriana , Miragliotta Luisa , Del Prete Raffaele , Tzakis Gerasimos , Dalfino Lidia , Bruno Francesco , Pagani Laura , Migliavacca Roberta , Piazza Aurora , Miragliotta Giuseppe 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was the rapid identification of bla
KPC gene in 38 Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems. The modified Hodge Test (MHT) was carried out to phenotypically determine whether resistance to carbapenems was mediated by a carbapenemase. The detection of the bla
KPC gene was performed by real-time acid nucleic sequence-based amplification (NASBA™™), specifically designed for the detection of KPC RNA target.

Results
Thirty-two/38 isolates evaluated by MHT showed the production of carbapenemases, while all the strains exhibited the production of KPC by inhibition test with phenylboronic acid (the combined disk test with IPM/IPM plus phenylboronic acid). The detection of bla
KPC gene by Nuclisens EasyQ KPC yielded positive results in 38/38 (100%) strains. The presence of bla
KPC gene was confirmed in all K. pneumoniae isolates when tested by the gold standard PCR assay.

Conclusions
In consideration of the serious challenge represented by infections due to K. pneumoniae it appears necessary the rapid identification of carbapenemases in clinical settings as it is made possible by the use of NASBA™ assay.