bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bipolar resistive switching based on SrTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7 epi-layers
Authors: Li Kun , Wen Zheng , Wu Di , Zhai Haifa , Li Aidong 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Epitaxial SrTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bilayers are deposited on (0 0 1) SrTiO3 substrates. The resistive switching characteristics of Pt/SrTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7 sandwiches are investigated for nonvolatile memory applications. The Pt/SrTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7 structure exhibits liable bipolar resistance switching with an On/Off current ratio of about 30 and long data retention. Poole–Frenkel conduction is found to dominate the high-resistance state, while Schottky emission is suggested for the low-resistance one. A switching between the bulk and the interface-controlled conduction by voltage pulses with different polarities, which is governed by the migration and redistribution of oxygen vacancies around the SrTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7 interface, is proposed to explain the resistive switching in the heterostructures.
Characterization of edge radial electric field structures in the Large Helical Device and their viability for determining the location of the plasma boundary
Authors: Kamiya K. , Ida K. , Yoshinuma M. , Suzuki C. , Suzuki Y. , Yokoyama M. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This paper provides a systematic investigation on how plasma conditions (magnetic configuration, collisionality and beta) affect the edge radial electric field (E

r
) structure derived from charge exchange spectroscopic measurements in the Large Helical Device. We found that the location at which the spatial derivative in the E

r
structure (∇E

r
) had a local maximum value

shifts outwards from the vacuum last closed flux surface location

as the volume-averaged plasma beta (the ratio of the plasma pressure to the magnetic pressure, β ≡ 〈β
dia〉 measured by a diamagnetic loop) becomes large. The loss of electrons on the open field lines, leaving the ions behind, might be the physics that determines the positive E

r
structure just outside the plasma boundary. The collisionality dependence of the experimentally observed E

r
values inside the plasma boundary is found to be consistent with a neoclassical ambipolar condition, while the E

r
formation outside the plasma boundary is different from the trend that is predicted by the neoclassical theory inside the plasma boundary. Furthermore, experimental data on saturation in the shift of the

location even in a higher β regime (3% ⩽ β ⩽ 4.5%) are presented, inferring and predicting shrinkage of the plasma (i.e. a reduction in the averaged minor radius) in the higher β regime in which the Shafranov shift becomes larger.
Evaluating neoclassical tearing mode detection with ECE for control on ITER
Authors: van den Brand H. , de Baar M.R. , Lopes Cardozo N.J. , Westerhof E. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) control on ITER requires detection of the mode location to be accurate and with low latency. This paper presents a systematic way to evaluate mode detection algorithms for ITER using numerical simulations of electron cyclotron emission (ECE), taking into account the radial asymmetry in the temperature perturbation by a rotating magnetic island. Simulated ECE is detected using a synthetic radiometer, in the ITER equatorial port plug, and processed by two detection algorithms for the 2/1 and 3/2 NTMs for a burning H-mode ITER plasma. One of the algorithms also incorporates simulated Mirnov data. The video bandwidth is set at 2 kHz. This allows for intermediate frequency bandwidths of B
IF = 400 MHz and B
IF = 300 MHz for the two algorithms, respectively. The intermediate frequency bandwidth provides a trade-off between radial accuracy (low bandwidth) and low noise/latency (large bandwidth). 2/1 and 3/2 NTMs, seeded with widths up to 9 and 11 cm, are detectable with the required accuracy within 250 ms. With appropriate settings for the radiometer, the NTM detection using ECE is accurate and with low latency. The algorithm that incorporates both ECE and Mirnov data showed the lowest detection latencies.
Competition in U.S. Farm Product Markets: Do Long‐Run Incentives Trump Short‐Run Market Power?
Authors: Crespi John M. , Saitone Tina L. , Sexton Richard J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article addresses the current status of farm buyer market power. We argue that buyer power concerns are often overstated because traditional models of buyer power are incapable of depicting the economic interactions that are fundamental to modern agricultural markets, where exchange is governed by stable contractual relationships. Exercising short‐run oligopsony power is inimical to the long‐run interests of buyers in these settings because below‐competitive returns will lead to the exodus of resources from input production. Policy proposals grounded in the presumed linkage between concentration, competition, and market power may well be misguided and detrimental to the objectives that proponents seek to advance.
Bariatric surgery and endometrial pathology in asymptomatic morbidly obese women: a prospective, pilot study
Authors: Argenta PA , Kassing M , Truskinovsky AM , Svendsen CA 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of occult uterine pathology in asymptomatic, morbidly obese women before and after bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss.DesignProspective, blinded, non‐interventional cohort.SettingUrban teaching hospital.PopulationMorbidly obese women.MethodsEndometrial biopsies were obtained at the time of Roux–en–Y gastric bypass and again 1 year later. Both the patient and the physician were blinded to the results of the initial biopsy until the conclusion of the study. Specimens were independently reviewed by two blinded pathologists.Main outcome measureEffect of bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss on the prevalence of endometrial pathology at 1 year.ResultsFifty‐nine women underwent an endometrial biopsy during bariatric surgery. The mean (range) age, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were 42 years (22–62 years), 127 kg (87–176 kg), and 46.8 kg/m2 (36–64.3 kg/m2), respectively. Four women had hyperplasia (three simple and one complex), for an overall prevalence of 6.8%. The prevalence among women not receiving some anti‐estrogen therapy was 9.5%. Forty‐six women (78%) underwent follow‐up biopsy after a mean (range) weight loss of 42 kg (19–67 kg). Simple hyperplasia was identified in 3/46 women at the 1–year follow‐up (6.5%). Two women had resolution of hyperplasia, two women had persistent, simple hyperplasia, and one had had a normal initial biopsy. No woman showed progressive pathology or cancer. At the end of the follow‐up all but one patient had a documented resolution of endometrial pathology.ConclusionsAsymptomatic morbidly obese women are at relatively high risk of harbouring occult endometrial hyperplasia. Bariatric surgery‐associated weight loss reduced but did not eliminate this risk for endometrial pathology.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome: nationwide changes in incidence, treatment and mortality over 23 years
Authors: SIGURDSSON M. I. , SIGVALDASON K. , GUNNARSSON T. S. , MOLLER A. , SIGURDSSON G. H. 
Published: December 2012

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess population‐based changes in incidence, treatment, and in short‐ and long‐term survival of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) over 23 years.Materials and MethodsAnalysis of all patients in Iceland who fulfilled the consensus criteria for ARDS in 1988–2010. Demographic variables, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores and ventilation parameters were collected from hospital charts.ResultsThe age‐standardised incidence of ARDS during the study period was 7.2 cases per 100,000 person‐years and was increased by 0.2 cases per year (P < 0.001). The most common causes of ARDS were pneumonia (29%) and sepsis (29%). The use of pressure‐controlled ventilation became almost dominant from 1993. The peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) has significantly decreased (−0.5 cmH2O/year), but the peak end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) has increased (0.1 cmH2O/year) during the study period. The hospital mortality decreased by 1% per year (P = 0.03) during the study period, from 50% in 1988–1992 to 33% in 2006–2010. A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that higher age and APACHE II score increased the odds of hospital mortality, while a higher calendar year of diagnosis reduced the odds of mortality. This was unchanged when dominant respiratory treatment, PIP and PEEP were added to the model. The 10‐year survival of ARDS survivors was 68% compared with 90% survival of a reference population (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe incidence of ARDS has almost doubled, but hospital mortality has decreased during the 23 years of observation. The 10‐year survival of ARDS survivors is poor compared with the reference population.
Hypersensitivity reactions to Patent Blue V in breast cancer surgery: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: BRENET O. , LALOURCEY L. , QUEINNEC M. , DUPOIRON D. , JAYR C. , ROSAY H. , MAVOUNGOU P. , MONNIN D. , ANCEL B. , MAGET B. , LOUVIER N. , MALINOVSKY J.‐M. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundAn increasing number of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) have been reported after the use of Patent Blue V (PBV) for breast cancer surgery. This is the first study to publish prospective data with systematic allergological assessment.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre study in 10 French cancer centres for over 6 months. All patients scheduled for breast surgery with injection of PBV were included in the study. Patients were screened for past medical history, atopy, and known food and drug allergies. When suspected HSR or unexplained reactions occurred after injection of PBV, blood samples were taken, and plasma histamine and serum tryptase concentrations were measured. HSR to PBV was suggested if skin tests performed 6 weeks later were positive.ResultsNine suspected HSR to PBV were observed in 1742 patients. Skin tests were positive in six patients, giving an incidence of 0.34%. Four grade I and two grade III HSR were observed, both requiring intensive care unit treatment. Mean onset time of the reaction was 55 ± 37 min. Plasma histamine was elevated in four patients, while serum tryptase was normal. We found no risk factors associated with HSR to PBV.ConclusionAn incidence rate of one in 300 HSR to PBV was observed for patients exposed to PBV during sentinel lymph node detection. This rate is higher than rates reported after the use of neuromuscular blocking agents, latex or antibiotics.
Cannabis use and vulnerability for psychosis in early adolescence—a TRAILS study
Authors: Griffith‐Lendering Merel F. H. , Wigman Johanna T. W. , Prince van Leeuwen Andrea , Huijbregts Stephan C. J. , Huizink Anja C. , Ormel Johan , Verhulst Frank C. , van Os Jim , Swaab Hanna , Vollebergh Wilma A. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimsTo examine the direction of the longitudinal association between vulnerability for psychosis and cannabis use throughout adolescence.DesignCross‐lagged path analysis was used to identify the temporal order of vulnerability for psychosis and cannabis use, while controlling for gender, family psychopathology, alcohol use and tobacco use.SettingA large prospective population study of Dutch adolescents [the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) study].ParticipantsA total of 2120 adolescents with assessments at (mean) age 13.6, age 16.3 and age 19.1.MeasurementsVulnerability for psychosis at the three assessment points was represented by latent factors derived from scores on three scales of the Youth Self‐Report and the Adult Self‐Report, i.e. thought problems, social problems and attention problems. Participants self‐reported on cannabis use during the past year at all three waves.FindingsSignificant associations (r = 0.12–0.23) were observed between psychosis vulnerability and cannabis use at all assessments. Also, cannabis use at age 16 predicted psychosis vulnerability at age 19 (Z = 2.6, P < 0.05). Furthermore, psychosis vulnerability at ages 13 (Z = 2.0, P < 0.05) and 16 (Z = 3.0, P < 0.05) predicted cannabis use at, respectively, ages 16 and 19.ConclusionsCannabis use predicts psychosis vulnerability in adolescents and vice versa, which suggests that there is a bidirectional causal association between the two.
Prospective correlates of drinking cessation: variation across the life‐course
Authors: Dawson Deborah A. , Goldstein Risë B. , Grant Bridget F. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimsTo assess age variation in correlates of drinking cessation.DesignProspective study of a US general population sample.SettingFace‐to‐face household interviews.ParticipantsPast‐year ≥ monthly drinkers interviewed at baseline and 3‐year follow‐up (n = 14 885).MeasurementsBaseline values and selected changes over follow‐up in alcohol consumption, alcohol use disorder (AUD), socio‐demographic and health characteristics, other substance use and psychiatric comorbidity were used to predict drinking cessation in three age groups.FindingsCorrelates of drinking cessation varied over the life‐course, with pregnancy/presence of an infant, nicotine or drug use disorder, incident AUD, cluster A personality disorder, liver disease and incident retirement being important at younger ages and high‐school graduation, family income ≥ $70 000, volume of ethanol intake, Asian race/ethnicity, mood disorder and incident cardiovascular disease being significant at older ages. Age‐invariant correlates included smoking cessation over follow‐up, odds ratio (OR) = 2.82 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62–4.92] to 3.45 (2.20–5.39); college education, OR = 0.42 (0.27–0.65) to 0.54 (0.36–0.83); black and Hispanic race/ethnicity, OR = 1.74 (1.18–2.29) to 1.88 (1.21–2.93) and 1.58 (1.11–1.25) to 1.73 (0.83–3.63), respectively, and months since last drink, OR = 1.24 (1.13–1.36) to 1.29 (1.19–1.39).ConclusionsFactors associated with ceasing alcohol use in US adults appear to differ over the life‐course, reflecting age variation in both their prevalence and impact and supporting the importance of role transitions and health problems (the ‘sick quitter’ effect). The most consistent correlates of drinking cessation included factors reflecting ability/inability to give up potentially addictive substances and factors associated with perceived acceptability of drinking and subgroup‐specific drinking contexts that might facilitate/impede continued drinking.
Adenomas of cervical maldescended parathyroid glands: pearls and pitfalls
Authors: Lee James C. , Mazeh Haggi , Serpell Jonathan , Delbridge Leigh W. , Chen Herbert , Sidhu Stanley 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundMissed parathyroid adenoma (PTA) is the commonest cause of persistent hyperparathyroidism. Although many are subsequently found in well‐described locations, some are found in unusual regions of the neck. This paper presents the combined experience of three large tertiary endocrine surgery centres with maldescended PTA (MD‐PTA).MethodsPatients were recruited from the endocrine surgical databases of three tertiary endocrine surgery units. Patients with PTA found >1 cm above the superior thyroid pole or other cervical locations as a result of abnormal or incomplete descent were included for analysis.ResultsMD‐PTA was identified in 16 patients out of a total of 5241 patients who had undergone parathyroidectomies in the 7‐year study period (incidence 0.3%). Seven (44%) patients had minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, while nine (56%) had bilateral neck exploration. The mean excised gland weight was 750 + 170 mg. Cure was achieved in all patients with a minimum follow‐up of 6 months. The locations of MD‐PTA in this study included submandibular triangle, retropharyngeal space, carotid sheath (at carotid bifurcation and intravagal), parapharyngeal space (superior to thyroid cartilage or superior thyroid pole) and cricothyroid space.ConclusionsDespite their rare occurrence, incompletely or abnormally descended PTAs can be encountered by any surgeon who performs parathyroidectomies. It is important to develop a strategy to systematically locate these glands. High cure rates can still be achieved with minimally invasive parathyroidectomy if confident preoperative localization is available. A sound knowledge of embryology and a thorough exploration also facilitate an overall high success rate with open exploration.
The emerging role of DNA methylation in epileptogenesis
Authors: Kobow Katja , Blümcke Ingmar 
Published: December 2012

SummaryDNA methylation is a covalent chromatin modification, characterized by the biochemical addition of a methyl group (‐CH3) to cytosine nucleotides via a DNA methyltransferase enzyme. 5′‐Methylcytosine (5‐mC), frequently called the fifth base, has been implicated in genome stability, silencing of transposable elements, and repression of gene expression. Through the latter, DNA methylation dynamics broadly influence brain development, function, and aging. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns, either localized to specific gene regions or scattered throughout the genome, are associated with many neurologic disorders. Herein, we discuss the emerging role of DNA methylation in epileptogenesis and the perspectives arising from epigenetic medicine as new therapeutic strategy in difficult‐to‐treat epilepsies.
Trafficking mechanisms underlying neuronal voltage‐gated ion channel localization at the axon initial segment
Authors: Vacher Helene , Trimmer James S. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryVoltage‐gated ion channels are diverse and fundamental determinants of neuronal intrinsic excitability. Voltage‐gated K+ (Kv) and Na+ (Nav) channels play complex yet fundamentally important roles in determining intrinsic excitability. The Kv and Nav channels located at the axon initial segment (AIS) play a unique and especially important role in generating neuronal output in the form of anterograde axonal and backpropagating action potentials. Aberrant intrinsic excitability in individual neurons within networks contributes to synchronous neuronal activity leading to seizures. Mutations in ion channel genes give rise to a variety of seizure‐related “channelopathies,” and many of the ion channel subunits associated with epilepsy mutations are localized at the AIS, making this a hotspot for epileptogenesis. Here we review the cellular mechanisms that underlie the trafficking of Kv and Nav channels found at the AIS, and how Kv and Nav channel mutations associated with epilepsy can alter these processes.
Dendritic ion channelopathy in acquired epilepsy
Authors: Poolos Nicholas P. , Johnston Daniel 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIon channel dysfunction or “channelopathy” is a proven cause of epilepsy in the relatively uncommon genetic epilepsies with Mendelian inheritance. But numerous examples of acquired channelopathy in experimental animal models of epilepsy following brain injury have also been demonstrated. Our understanding of channelopathy has grown due to advances in electrophysiology techniques that have allowed the study of ion channels in the dendrites of pyramidal neurons in cortex and hippocampus. The apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons comprise the vast majority of neuronal surface membrane area, and thus the majority of the neuronal ion channel population. Investigation of dendritic ion channels has demonstrated remarkable plasticity in ion channel localization and biophysical properties in epilepsy, many of which produce hyperexcitability and may contribute to the development and maintenance of the epileptic state. Herein we review recent advances in dendritic physiology and cell biology, and their relevance to epilepsy.
The immunosuppressive tumour network: myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells and natural killer T cells
Authors: Lindau Dennis , Gielen Paul , Kroesen Michiel , Wesseling Pieter , Adema Gosse J. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T (Treg) cells are major components of the immune suppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Both cell types expand systematically in preclinical tumour models and promote T‐cell dysfunction that in turn favours tumour progression. Clinical reports show a positive correlation between elevated levels of both suppressors and tumour burden. Recent studies further revealed that MDSCs can modulate the de novo development and induction of Treg cells. The overlapping target cell population of Treg cells and MDSCs is indicative for the importance and flexibility of immune suppression under pathological conditions. It also suggests the existence of common pathways that can be used for clinical interventions aiming to manipulate the TME. Elimination or reprogramming of the immune suppressive TME is one of the major current challenges in immunotherapy of cancer. Interestingly, recent findings suggest that natural killer T (NKT) cells can acquire the ability to convert immunosuppressive MDSCs into immunity‐promoting antigen‐presenting cells. Here we will review the cross‐talk between MDSCs and other immune cells, focusing on Treg cells and NKT cells. We will consider its impact on basic and applied cancer research and discuss how targeting MDSCs may pave the way for future immunocombination therapies.
Supporting the case for ‘progressive universalism’ in health visiting: Scottish mothers and health visitors’ perspectives on targeting and rationing health visiting services, with a focus on the Lothian Child Concern Model
Authors: Hogg Rhona , Kennedy Catriona , Gray Carol , Hanley Janet 
Published: December 2012

Aims and objectives.  To explore parents and professionals’ experience of family assessment in health visiting (public health nursing), with a focus on the Lothian Child Concern Model.Background.  Health visitors currently assess families as requiring core, additional or intensive support, and offer support at a corresponding level. The majority of families are assessed as core and receive no pro‐active support beyond the early days. Previous assessment tools, consisting of checklists, have been criticised as being ineffective in identifying a range of health needs and unacceptable to parents and health visitors. The Lothian Child Concern Model was developed and introduced in the study area to promote a partnership approach with parents and assess strengths as well as difficulties in parents’ capacity to care for their child.Methods.  Qualitative methods were used. Ten mothers and 12 health visitors took part in individual semi‐structured interviews.Results.  Most mothers were aware of the assessment process but some felt that they were not involved in the decision‐making process. Explaining the assessment process to parents is problematic and not all health visitors do so. The assessment process was stressful for some mothers. Health visitors find the model useful for structuring and documenting the assessment process. Many believe that most families benefit from some support, using public health approaches. Health visitors said that families are often assessed as core because there are insufficient resources to support all those who meet the criteria of the additional category and that managers assess caseloads in terms of families with child protection concerns.Conclusions.  The study findings significant the concept of ‘progressive universalism’ that provides a continuum that intensity of support to families, depending on need. Mothers would like better partnership working with health visitors.Relevance to clinical practice.  The study endorses proposed policy changes to re‐establish the public health role of health visitors and to lower the threshold for families to qualify for support.