bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Residual Estrogen Receptor Availability during Fulvestrant Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: van Kruchten Michel , de Vries Elisabeth G. , Glaudemans Andor W. , van Lanschot Meta C. , van Faassen Martijn , Kema Ido P. , Brown Myles , Schröder Carolien P. , de Vries Erik F. , Hospers Geke A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
It is unknown whether the current dose of fulvestrant, an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, is sufficient for maximal ER downregulation in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We performed a feasibility study to assess ER availability before and during fulvestrant. Sixteen patients with ER-positive metastatic breast cancer underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) at baseline (scan 1), day 28 (scan 2), and day 84 (scan 3) to monitor tumor [18F]fluoroestradiol (FES) uptake. Incomplete reduction in ER availability was predefined as &lt;75% decrease in median tumor FES uptake and a residual standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of ≥1.5. In total, 131 FES-positive lesions were identified (median SUVmax of 2.9; range, 1.7–6.5). The median change in patients during fulvestrant treatment was −85% at scan 2, but varied widely (−99% to +60%). Fulvestrant reduced tumor FES uptake incompletely at scan 2 in 6 (38%) of the 16 patients, which was associated with early progression.
Significance: Serial imaging of tumor estrogen uptake by FES-PET can give insight into the dose needed for ER antagonists to completely abolish ER. FES-PET showed significant residual ER availability in tumors during fulvestrant therapy in 38% of patients, which was associated with early progression. Cancer Discov; 5(1); 72–81. ©2014 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Relationship Between Catheter Contact Force and Radiofrequency Lesion Size and Incidence of Steam Pop in the Beating Canine Heart
Authors: Ikeda Atsushi , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Lambert Hendrik , Shah Dipen C. , Fonck Edouard , Yulzari Aude , Sharma Tushar , Pitha Jan V. , Lazzara Ralph , Jackman Warren M. 
Published: November 2014

Background—
Electrode-tissue contact force (CF) is believed to be a major factor in radiofrequency lesion size. The purpose of this study was to determine, in the beating canine heart, the relationship between CF and radiofrequency lesion size and the accuracy of predicting CF and lesion size by measuring electrogram amplitude, impedance, and electrode temperature.

Methods and Results—

Eight dogs were studied closed chest. Using a 7F catheter with a 3.5 mm irrigated electrode and CF sensor (TactiCath, St. Jude Medical), radiofrequency applications were delivered to 3 separate sites in the right ventricle (30 W, 60 seconds, 17 mL/min irrigation) and 3 sites in the left ventricle (40 W, 60 seconds, 30 mL/min irrigation) at (1) low CF (median 8 g); (2) moderate CF (median 21 g); and (3) high CF (median 60 g). Dogs were euthanized and lesion size was measured. At constant radiofrequency and time, lesion size increased significantly with increasing CF (
P
<0.01). The incidence of a steam pop increased with both increasing CF and higher power. Peak electrode temperature correlated poorly with lesion size. The decrease in impedance during the radiofrequency application correlated well with lesion size for lesions in the left ventricle but less well for lesions in the right ventricle. There was a poor relationship between CF and the amplitude of the bipolar or unipolar ventricular electrogram, unipolar injury current, and impedance.

Conclusions—
Radiofrequencylesion size and the incidence of steam pop increase strikingly with increasing CF. Electrogram parameters and initial impedance are poor predictors of CF for radiofrequency ablation.
Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Abnormal P Terminal Force in Lead V
1
of the ECG in the General Population
Authors: Eranti Antti , Aro Aapo L. , Kerola Tuomas , Anttonen Olli , Rissanen Harri A. , Tikkanen Jani T. , Junttila M. Juhani , Kenttä Tuomas V. , Knekt Paul , Huikuri Heikki V. 
Published: November 2014

Background—
Prevalence and prognostic significance of abnormal P terminal force (PTF) in the general population are not known. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of abnormal PTF and to compare clinical outcomes of middle-aged subjects with and without the PTF.

Methods and Results—

The presence of PTF was assessed in a cohort of 10 647 middle-aged subjects (mean age [SD], 44 [8] years; 47.2% female). The subjects were followed 35 to 41 years, and data on mortality and hospitalizations were obtained from national registers. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and arrhythmic death. Secondary outcomes were hospitalization because of congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, new onset atrial fibrillation, and stroke. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the risk for death (all-cause), and the Fine and Gray competing risks model was used for other outcomes. The prevalence of PTF 0.04 to 0.049, 0.05 to 0.059, and ≥0.06 mm·s were 4.8%, 1.5%, and 1.2%, respectively. Subjects presenting PTF ≥0.04 mm·s were at increased risk for death, cardiac death, and congestive heart failure, and subjects presenting PTF ≥0.06 mm·s were at increased risk for atrial fibrillation. However, after adjustment for potential confounding factors, an increased risk was observed only for death (hazard ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.45–2.12;
P
<0.001) and atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.34–2.73;
P
<0.001) in subjects presenting PTF ≥0.06 mm·s.

Conclusions—
PTF ≥0.04 mm·s is a relatively common finding in a 12-lead ECG of middle-aged subjects. PTF ≥0.06 mm·s is associated with increased risk for atrial fibrillation and death in the general population.
Isolation of Canine Coronary Sinus Musculature From the Atria by Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Prevents Induction of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Morita Hiroshi , Zipes Douglas P. , Morita Shiho T. , Wu Jiashin 
Published: November 2014

Background—
The junction between the coronary sinus (CS) musculature and both atria contributes to initiation of atrial tachyarrhythmias. The current study investigated the effects of CS isolation from the atria by radiofrequency catheter ablation on the induction and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and Results—

Using an optical mapping system, we mapped action potentials at 256 surface sites in 17 isolated and arterially perfused canine atrial tissues containing the entire musculature of the CS, right atrial septum, posterior left atrium, left inferior pulmonary vein, and vein of Marshal. Rapid pacing from each site before and after addition of acetylcholine (0.5 μmol/L) was applied to induce AF. Epicardial radiofrequency catheter ablation at CS-atrial junctions isolated the CS from the atria. Rapid pacing induced sustained AF in all tissues after acetylcholine. Microreentry within the CS drove AF in 88% of preparations. Reentries associated with the vein of Marshall (29%), CS-atrial junctions (53%), right atrium (65%), and pulmonary vein (76%) (frequently with 2–4 simultaneous circuits) were additional drivers of AF. Radiofrequency catheter ablation eliminated AF in 13 tissues before acetylcholine (
P
<0.01) and in 5 tissues after acetylcholine. Radiofrequency catheter ablation also abbreviated the duration of AF in 12 tissues (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions—
CS and its musculature developed unstable reentry and AF, which were prevented by isolation of CS musculature from atrial tissue. The results suggest that CS can be a substrate of recurrent AF in patients after pulmonary vein isolation and that CS isolation might help prevent recurrent AF.
Idiopathic Pericarditis and Pericardial Effusion in Children: Contemporary Epidemiology and Management
Authors: Shakti Divya , Hehn Rebecca , Gauvreau Kimberly , Sundel Robert P. , Newburger Jane W. 
Published: November 2014

Background

Multicenter studies on idiopathic or viral pericarditis and pericardial effusion (
PPE
) have not been reported in children. Colchicine use for
PPE
in adults is supported. We explored epidemiology and management for inpatient hospitalizations for
PPE
in
US
children and risk factors for readmission.

Methods and Results

We analyzed patients in the Pediatric Health Information System database for (1) a code for
PPE
; (2) absence of codes for underlying systemic disease (eg, neoplastic, cardiac, rheumatologic, renal); (3) age ≥30 days and <21 years; and (4) discharge between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2012, from 38 hospitals contributing complete data for each year of the study period. Among 11 364 hospitalizations with
PPE
codes during the study period, 543 (4.8%) met entry criteria for idiopathic or viral
PPE
. Significantly more boys were noted, especially among adolescents. No temporal trends were noted. Median age was 14.5 years (interquartile range 7.3 to 16.6 years); 78 patients (14.4%) underwent pericardiocentesis, 13 (2.4%) underwent pericardiotomy, and 11 (2.0%) underwent pericardiectomy; 157 (28.9%) had an intensive care unit stay, including 2.0% with tamponade. Median hospitalization was 3 days (
interquartile range
2 to 4 days). Medications used at initial admission were nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (71.3%), corticosteroids (22.7%), aspirin (7.0%), and colchicine (3.9%). Readmissions within 1 year of initial admission occurred in 46 of 447 patients (10.3%), mostly in the first 3 months. No independent predictors of readmission were noted, but our statistical power was limited. Practice variation was noted in medical management and pericardiocentesis.

Conclusions

Our report provides the first large multicenter description of idiopathic or viral
PPE
in children. Idiopathic or viral
PPE
is most common in male adolescents and is treated infrequently with colchicine.
Teacher experiences of delivering an obesity prevention programme (The WAVES study intervention) in a primary school setting
Authors: Griffin Tania L , Clarke Joanne L , Lancashire Emma R , Pallan Miranda J , Passmore Sandra , Adab Peymane 
Published: November 2014

Objective: There has been a wealth of childhood obesity prevention studies in school-based settings. However, few have investigated the experiences of school staff charged with delivery of such programmes. This study aimed to elicit teachers’ experiences of delivering a childhood obesity prevention programme for children aged 6–7 years. Design: Descriptive-interpretive qualitative study. Setting: Primary schools participating in the UK West Midlands ActiVe lifestyle and healthy Eating in School children (WAVES) study. Method: In all, 14 teachers were recruited from 12 primary schools. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and data analysis was guided by the Framework Approach. Results: Teachers recognised the importance of obesity prevention in primary schools. They reported positively on aspects of the intervention, in particular its flexibility and the ready-prepared materials. Time constraints and gaining support of parents were seen as key challenges to intervention delivery. Conclusions: Delivering an obesity prevention programme in school is feasible but challenging for teachers. Our findings suggest that to maximise the likelihood of delivery, interventions should be hands-on, easy to manage and flexible to the needs of individual schools. The perceived importance of the promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviours by schools was evident, but teachers felt restricted in the resources that could be devoted to achieve and encourage this. National combined with local level direction and support for healthy lifestyles in children would help schools to give this the priority it requires.
Online social networking in people with psychosis: A systematic review
Authors: Highton-Williamson Elizabeth , Priebe Stefan , Giacco Domenico 
Published: November 2014

Background: Online social networking might facilitate the establishment of social contacts for people with psychosis, who are often socially isolated by the symptoms and consequences of their disorder. Aims: We carried out a systematic review exploring available evidence on the use of online social networking in people with psychosis. Methods: The review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Included studies examined the use of the online social networking by people with an a priori diagnosis of psychosis (inclusive of bipolar disorder). Data from included studies were extracted and narratively synthesised. Results: A total of 11 studies, published between 2005 and 2013, reported data on online social networking in people with psychosis. People with psychosis seem to spend more time in chat rooms or playing online games than control groups. The use of other online tools, such as Facebook or communication through e-mail, is lower or the same than controls. Online social networking was used by patients with psychosis for establishing new relationships, maintaining relationships/reconnecting with people and online peer support. Conclusion: Online social networking, in the form of forums or online chats, could play a role in strategies aimed at enhancing social networks and reduce the risk of isolation in this population.
Cardiopulmonary bypass considerations for pediatric patients on the ketogenic diet
Authors: Melchior RW , Dreher M , Ramsey E , Savoca M , Rosenthal T 
Published: November 2014

Background: There is a population of children with epilepsy that is refractory to anti-epileptic drugs. The ketogenic diet, a high-fat, low-carbohydrate regimen, is one alternative treatment to decrease seizure activity. Special considerations are required for patients on the ketogenic diet undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to prevent exposure to glucose substrates that could alter ketosis, increasing the risk of recurrent seizures. Case Study: A 2-year-old, 9 kilogram male with a history of infantile spasms with intractable epilepsy, trisomy 21 status post tetralogy of Fallot repair, presented to the cardiac operating room for closure of a residual atrial septal defect. All disciplines of the surgical case minimized the use of carbohydrate-containing and contraindicated medications. Changes to the standard protocol and metabolic monitoring ensured the patient maintained ketosis. Discussion: All disciplines within cardiac surgery need to be cognizant of patients on the ketogenic diet and prepare a modified protocol. Future monitoring considerations include thromboelastography, electroencephalography and continuous glucose measurement. Key areas of focus with this patient population in the cardiac surgical theater are to maintain a multidisciplinary approach, alter the required CPB prime components, address cardiac pharmacological concerns and limit any abnormal hematological occurrences.
Comparison of occupation-based and impairment-based occupational therapy for subacute stroke: a randomized controlled feasibility study
Authors: Tomori Kounosuke , Nagayama Hirofumi , Ohno Kanta , Nagatani Ryutaro , Saito Yuki , Takahashi Kayoko , Sawada Tatsunori , Higashi Toshio 
Published: November 2014

Objective: To compare occupation-based and impairment-based approaches in occupational therapy and determine the feasibility of patient recruitment and retention. Design: A multicenter, randomized, controlled pilot trial with a single blind assessor. Setting: Ten subacute rehabilitation units in Japan. Participants: Fifty-four patients with subacute stroke. Interventions: The experimental group used the iPad application, Aid for Decision-making in Occupation Choice, to establish occupation-based goals, and evaluation and intervention were conducted mainly through real occupations. The control group was evaluated according to patients’ generic abilities and activities of daily living (ADL), and the intervention mainly involved the impairment-based approach. Main outcome measures: Short Form-36, Functional Independence Measure, Brunnstrom recovery stages, The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, and length of hospital stay. Results: Of the 1465 potential participants, 54 (3%) subacute stroke patients were enrolled over 16 months and 68% ( n = 36) were retained to the 2-month assessment: experimental group ( n = 16); control group ( n = 21). Although there was no significant intergroup difference for any outcomes, the experimental group had a small effect size advantage on the Short Form-36 “General health” ( d = 0.42) and “Role emotional” ( d = 0.43) subscales relative to the control group. A sample of 118 subacute stroke patients per group would be required for a lager study. Conclusions: Results suggest that the occupation-based approach has more potential to improve “General health” and “Role emotional” scores on the Short Form-36 than the impairment-based approach. Further investigation of study protocol with interventions and recruiting is needed prior to a larger trial.
Effect of surgical decompression of nerves in the lower extremity in patients with painful diabetic polyneuropathy on stability: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Macaré van Maurik Joanne FM , ter Horst Britt , van Hal Mireille , Kon Moshe , Peters Edgar JG 
Published: November 2014

Objective: To investigate the effect of decompression of nerves in the lower extremity in patients with painful diabetic polyneuropathy on static balance using a sensitive pressure mat system. Design: Non-blinded randomized controlled trial. Setting: Single center study performed at the University Medical Center Utrecht between 2010-2013. Subjects: Patients with painful diabetic polyneuropathy assessed with the Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom score and Diabetic Neuropathy Examination between 18-90 years. Exclusion criteria were: physical problems leading to instability, BMI>35 kg/m2, ankle fractures in history, amputations proximal to the tarsometatarsal joints, active foot ulcer(s), severe occlusive peripheral vascular diseases. Intervention: Unilateral surgical nerve decompression at four sites in the lower extremity, the contralateral limb was used as control (within-patient comparison), with one year follow-up. Main measures: Preoperatively and 6 and 12 months postoperatively, weight bearing and five variables of sway of the center of pressure were measured with a pressure mat with eyes open and eyes closed. T-test was used for evaluation of postoperative results. Results: Thirty-nine Patients met inclusion criteria and were enrolled for stability testing. Postoperatively no significant differences for sway variables and weight bearing were seen compared to preoperatively measurements. Conclusions: There is no evidence that surgical decompression of nerves of the lower extremity influences stability within one year after surgery in patients with painful diabetic polyneuropathy.
Climate change and the premises for a New Society
Authors: Amdekar Shachi , Singh Ajit 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe starting point for this article is the excellent article by Professor Marglin on the dangers of climate change. He outlines a broad remedial prescription, a new economics based on ecological concerns and a broadly based cultural revolution to change people’s thinking. We agree with Marglin that the prevailing neoclassical analysis is fundamentally flawed because inter alia it adheres to individuals’ independent (rather than inter-dependent) utility functions. It is argued that ultimately the problem of the ecosystem, and indeed violent threats of mass destruction that we constantly face cannot be solved without the insights that community and spiritual thinking bring us.
Quo vadis: Does economic theory need a sustainability makeover?
Authors: Bradford Wylie 
Published: November 2014

AbstractProf. Marglin argues for a new economics and a new conception of welfare as part of the move to a sustainable future. However, the typical criticisms of the treatment of welfare in economics appear wide of the mark, and there are good reasons to regard this treatment as accurate enough for the job at hand. The critics appear to miss how demanding the job of reshaping economics in their (implicit) desired image would be, and how unproductive it might turn out to be to insist on such a reshaping as a precursor to serious action.
Earth-grab by corporate feudalism and how to go about resisting it
Authors: Bagchi Amiya Kumar 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe need for a new economy is great and the obstacles are many: growing inequalities within and between nations and regions, new complicity between corporations and non-democratic political regimes and failure of workers worldwide to make common cause. There are alternative models, indicating that a more egalitarian approach does not necessarily reduce living standards. Environmental degradation cannot be addressed by a technological fix: the threat to our long-term survival is pre-figured in the impact of climate change and corporate rapacity on the land and sea resources of the indigenous minorities who live as humanity has lived for most of its existence. A 10-point plan for a follow-up to the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals is suggested, but it will work only if solidarity networks can be built across divides of ascribed race, religion and nominal income levels, to express the will of the people in place of the government representatives who are prepared to gamble the future of humanity for corporate profit and power.
Redistribution as social justice for decarbonising the global economy
Authors: Fischer Andrew Martin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAlthough the issue of redistribution is glossed over by Marglin, there are three reasons why decarbonisation must be accompanied by a massive scaling up of redistribution from the global North to South if the agenda is to be founded on a social justice approach. First, constructing a capital infrastructure in the South in a manner that maximises the potential for decarbonisation would tend to be very import-intensive. Hence, it would require external financing or else risk running aground through balance of payment constraints. Second, there is already a tendency in the global economy of siphoning resources from South to North, in particular through the increasing control over flows of value and wealth by Northern corporations from their commanding positions within international networks. Southern productivity needs to be contextualised from this perspective given the risk that climate negotiations lock in the subordination of Southern countries within these global networks, rather than seeking ways for Southern producers to leverage more value for the output and carbon emissions they are already producing. Third, population and labour transitions in the South place relatively greater pressure than in the past on employment generation in tertiary (service) sectors, in which distributive and redistributive processes play essential roles in bolstering labour demand. The neglect of global redistribution could undermine the capacity of Southern countries to face these broader development challenges, which are already immense even in the absence of decarbonisation. A key question is how to organise global redistributive transfers in a manner that does not continue to subordinate Southern populations to Northern interests. The challenge for decarbonisation is the forging of a political will for redistribution that is motivated by climate change rather than geopolitics, and that respects national ownership and self-determination.