bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Active [Pd(μ‐Cl)Cl(NHC)]2 Complexes in the Mizoroki–Heck Reaction
Authors: Tessin Ulrike I. , Bantreil Xavier , Songis Olivier , Cazin Catherine S. J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA series of Pd dimers bearing an N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand was studied in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction. [Pd(μ‐Cl)Cl(SIPr)]2 (SIPr = {N,N′‐bis[2,6‐(diisopropyl)phenyl]imidazolidin‐2‐ylidene}) was shown to be highly efficient in this cross‐coupling for a range of aryl and heterocyclic bromides, with low palladium loading (20–200 ppm).
Lipid characteristics and phenolics of native grape seed oils grown in Turkey
Authors: Demirtas Ilknur , Pelvan Ebru , Özdemir İbrahim Sani , Alasalvar Cesarettin , Ertas Erdal 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGrape seed oils of seven native Turkish cultivars (namely Atfi, Mazruna, Black Kerküş, Zeyti, Verdani, Karfoki, and Kerküş) were evaluated for their fatty acids, tocols, phytosterols as well as total phenolics and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values. Among the fatty acids, linoleic acid (18:2ω6) was the most abundant (56.38–68.56%), followed by oleic acid (16.45–29.38%, 18:1ω9), palmitic acid (8.19–9.44%, 16:0), and stearic acid (3.74–4.98%, 18:0). Total tocopherols and tocotrienol amounts varied in the range of 102.30–305.43 and 251.47–468.22 mg/kg, respectively. Beta‐sitosterol was the most abundant sterol among grape cultivars whose concentration ranging from 64.19 to 71.62%. Total phenolic content ranged from 2.19 to 4.70 mg of gallic acid equivalents/100 g oil, being lowest in Zeyti and highest in Verdani. With respect to antioxidant activities, a large variation in ORAC values was observed among grape seed oils (ranging from 1048 µmol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g in Karfoki to 2569 µmol of TE/100 g in Mazruna).Practical applications: The crude grape seed oils extracted from different cultivars are a good source of nutrients, fat‐soluble bioactives, and health‐promoting components.
Potential protective effect of Nigella sativa crude oils towards fatty liver in rats
Authors: Al‐Okbi Sahar Y. , Mohamed Doha A. , Hamed Thanaa E. , Edris Amr E. 
Published: March 2013

The main purpose of the present research was to study the protective effect of Nigella sativa crude oils (NCO) extracted from plain and γ‐irradiated seeds towards inflammatory fatty liver (steatohepatitis). The protective effect of the oils was tested during induction of inflammatory fatty liver in rats through feeding high fructose diet. Biochemical analyses including plasma lipids, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and liver fat and liver function tests were carried out to determine the efficiency of the oils. Results showed that fatty liver control group exhibited significant dyslipidemia, high plasma TNF‐α and MDA along with significant high liver triglycerides and cholesterol and liver dysfunction compared to control normal. Oral administration of NCO produced significant improvement of all parameters. No significant change in all biochemical parameters was noticed when the group given γ‐irradiated NCO was compared with that given the plain oil. Lipid analysis by GC showed that linoleic and oleic where the most abundant fatty acids constituting NCO. Volatile oils' contents were 0.1 wt% of NCO; p‐cymene and thymoquinone being the major constituents. Administration of NCO from plain or γ‐irradiated seeds produced similar and significant, but not complete, prevention of inflammatory fatty liver.Practical applications: This investigation revealed that the crude oil of Nigella sativa seed may potentially be used as dietary supplement for prevention of inflammatory fatty liver. The study also showed the chemical composition of the fixed and volatile oil fractions of the Egyptian N. sativa seeds that may be useful for further studies.
2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones from Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma asperellum
Authors: Wickel Susanne M. , Citron Christian A. , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractVolatiles emitted by the soil fungi Trichoderma viride 272 and Trichoderma asperellum 328 were collected by using the closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA) headspace technique, and the obtained extracts were analysed by GC/MS. Several alkyl‐ and alkenyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐ones, including known compounds 6‐pentyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one and (E)‐6‐(pent‐1‐en‐1‐yl)‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one, and the new derivatives (E)‐6‐(pent‐2‐en‐1‐yl)‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one, 6‐propyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one, and 6‐heptyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one were found. The alkenyl derivative (E)‐6‐(hept‐1‐en‐1‐yl)‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one, previously tentatively identified from a marine Botrytis by MS analysis, was also detected. All alkenyl pyrones were synthesised by using a reported Stille coupling followed by lactonisation, whereas the alkylated pyrones were obtained through a reported synthetic approach by radical bromination of 5‐alkylpent‐2‐en‐5‐olides and dehydrobromination. Because the yields in both cases were not satisfactory and fell a long way short of the yields reported for similar compounds, all compounds were synthesised again using a gold‐catalysed coupling of terminal alkynes with propiolic acid recently developed by Schreiber and co‐workers, giving high yields in all cases. A comparison of the synthetic methods is given.
Disruption of SMIM1 causes the Vel− blood type
Authors: Ballif Bryan A. , Helias Virginie , Peyrard Thierry , Menanteau Cécile , Saison Carole , Lucien Nicole , Bourgouin Sébastien , Le Gall Maude , Cartron Jean‐Pierre , Arnaud Lionel 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHere, we report the biochemical and genetic basis of the Vel blood group antigen, which has been a vexing mystery for decades, especially as anti‐Vel regularly causes severe haemolytic transfusion reactions. The protein carrying the Vel blood group antigen was biochemically purified from red blood cell membranes. Mass spectrometry‐based de novo peptide sequencing identified this protein to be small integral membrane protein 1 (SMIM1), a previously uncharacterized single‐pass membrane protein. Expression of SMIM1 cDNA in Vel− cultured cells generated anti‐Vel cell surface reactivity, confirming that SMIM1 encoded the Vel blood group antigen. A cohort of 70 Vel− individuals was found to be uniformly homozygous for a 17 nucleotide deletion in the coding sequence of SMIM1. The genetic homogeneity of the Vel− blood type, likely having a common origin, facilitated the development of two highly specific DNA‐based tests for rapid Vel genotyping, which can be easily integrated into blood group genotyping platforms. These results answer a 60‐year‐old riddle and provide tools of immediate assistance to all clinicians involved in the care of Vel− patients.
Contributions of the hippocampal subfields and entorhinal cortex to disambiguation during working memory
Authors: Newmark Randall E. , Schon Karin , Ross Robert S. , Stern Chantal E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe hippocampus and medial temporal lobes (MTL) support the successful formation of new memories without succumbing to interference from related, older memories. Computational models and animal findings have implicated the dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, CA1, and entorhinal cortex (EC) in the disambiguation and encoding of well‐established, episodic events that share common elements. However, it is unknown if these hippocampal subfields and MTL (entorhinal, perirhinal, parahippocampal) cortices also contribute during working memory when overlapping stimuli that share related features are rapidly encoded and subsequently maintained over a brief temporal delay. We hypothesized that activity in CA3/DG hippocampal subfields would be greater for the rapid encoding of stimuli with overlapping features than for the rapid encoding of stimuli with distinct features. In addition, we predicted that CA1 and EC, regions that are associated with creating long‐term episodic representations, would show greater sustained activity across both encoding and delay periods for representations of stimuli with overlapping features than for those with distinct features. We used high‐resolution fMRI during a delayed matching‐to‐sample (DMS) task using face pairs that either shared (overlapping condition, OL) or did not share (non‐overlapping condition, NOL) common elements. We contrasted the OL condition with the NOL condition separately at sample (encoding) and during a brief delay (maintenance). At sample, we observed activity localized to CA3/DG, the subiculum, and CA1. At delay, we observed activity localized to the subiculum and CA1 and activity within the entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices. Our findings are consistent with our hypotheses and suggest that CA3/DG, CA1 and the subiculum support the disambiguation and encoding of overlapping representations while CA1, subiculum and entorhinal cortex maintain these overlapping representations during working memory. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CREB is necessary for synaptic maintenance and learning‐induced changes of the ampa receptor GluA1 subunit
Authors: Middei Silvia , Houeland Gry , Cavallucci Virve , Ammassari‐Teule Martine , D'Amelio Marcello , Marie Hélène 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a key protein implicated in memory, synaptic plasticity and structural plasticity in mammals. Whether CREB regulates the synaptic incorporation of hippocampal glutamatergic receptors under basal and learning‐induced conditions remains, however, mostly unknown. Using double‐transgenic mice conditionally expressing a dominant negative form of CREB (CREBS133A, mCREB), we analyzed how chronic loss of CREB function in adult hippocampal glutamatergic neurons impacts the levels of the AMPA and NMDA receptors subunits within the post‐synaptic densities (PSD). In basal (naïve) conditions, we report that inhibition of CREB function was associated with a specific reduction of the AMPAR subunit GluA1 and a proportional increase in its Ser845 phosphorylated form within the PSD. These molecular alterations correlated with a reduction in AMPA receptors mEPSC frequency, with a decrease in long‐term potentiation (LTP), and with an increase in long‐term depression (LTD). The basal levels other major synaptic proteins (GluA2/3, GluN1, GluN2A, and PSD95) within the PSD were not affected by CREB inhibition. Blocking CREB function also impaired contextual fear conditioning (CFC) and selectively blocked the CFC‐driven enhancement of GluA1 and its Ser845 phosphorylated form within the PSD, molecular changes normally observed in wild‐type mice. CFC‐driven enhancement of other synaptic proteins (GluA2/3, GluN1, GluN2A, and PSD95) within the PSD was not significantly perturbed by the loss of CREB function. These findings provide the first evidence that, in vivo, CREB is necessary for the specific maintenance of the GluA1 subunit within the PSD of hippocampal neurons in basal conditions and for its trafficking within the PSD during the occurrence of learning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hippocampal size predicts rapid learning of a cognitive map in humans
Authors: Schinazi Victor R. , Nardi Daniele , Newcombe Nora S. , Shipley Thomas F. , Epstein Russell A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe idea that humans use flexible map‐like representations of their environment to guide spatial navigation has a long and controversial history. One reason for this enduring controversy might be that individuals vary considerably in their ability to form and utilize cognitive maps. Here we investigate the behavioral and neuroanatomical signatures of these individual differences. Participants learned an unfamiliar campus environment over a period of three weeks. In their first visit, they learned the position of different buildings along two routes in separate areas of the campus. During the following weeks, they learned these routes for a second and third time, along with two paths that connected both areas of the campus. Behavioral assessments after each learning session indicated that subjects formed a coherent representation of the spatial structure of the entire campus after learning a single connecting path. Volumetric analyses of structural MRI data and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) indicated that the size of the right posterior hippocampus predicted the ability to use this spatial knowledge to make inferences about the relative positions of different buildings on the campus. An inverse relationship between gray matter volume and performance was observed in the caudate. These results suggest that (i) humans can rapidly acquire cognitive maps of large‐scale environments and (ii) individual differences in hippocampal anatomy may provide the neuroanatomical substrate for individual differences in the ability to learn and flexibly use these cognitive maps. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GLB‐13 is associated with oxidative stress resistance in caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ren Changhong , Li Yuan , Han Rongrong , Gao Dawen , Li Weiguang , Shi Jinping , Hoogewijs David , Braeckman Bart P , De Henau Sasha , Lu Yiming , Qu Wubin , Gao Yan , Wu Yonghong , Li Zhihui , Liu Huqi , Wang Zhaoyan , Zhang Chenggang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGlobins constitute a superfamily of heme‐binding proteins that is widely present in many species. There are 33 putative globins in the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans, where glb‐13 is a homolog of neuroglobin (Ngb) based on sequence analysis and specific expression in neurons. Here we examined whether glb‐13 as well as Ngb is also associated with resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by paraquat. Our results showed that the mRNA level of glb‐13 was significantly upregulated after paraquat exposure. Expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene directed by the glb‐13 promoter was increased by paraquat exposure. The mutant C. elegans strain glb‐13(tm2825) was sensitive to paraquat‐induced oxidative stress. Overexpression of human Ngb (hNgb) in C. elegans neuronal cells can rescue the paraquat sensitive phenotype of the mutant strain. glb‐13 mutation or hNgb overexpression did not affect the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). To examine the ROS‐scavenging capabilities of hNgb and glb‐13, we further examined the level of ROS in glb‐13 mutant and hNgb transgenic (hNgb‐Tg) worms. There was no statistical difference in ROS levels in the untreated controls; however in paraquat‐treated worms, the ROS level was statistically repressed in the hNgb‐Tg relative to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)‐Tg worms or wildtype animals. Additionally, the ROS level of glb‐13 mutant was statistically higher than the wildtype animals. Furthermore, hNgb overexpression diminished the ROS level of glb‐13 mutant. In conclusion, hNgb can rescue the ROS sensitive phenotype of the glb‐13 mutant strain. The protein GLB‐13 seems to have an hNgb‐like function, suggesting the importance of the globin protein family in maintaining the homeostasis of ROS signals. Our data provided evidence for the first time that glb‐13 is associated with the resistance against oxidative stress‐induced toxicity. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(5)423–434, 2013.
Clinical symptoms, immune factors, and molecular characteristics of an adult male in Shenzhen, China infected with influenza virus H5N1
Authors: Wu Chunli , Lu Xing , Wang Xin , Jin Tao , Cheng Xiaowen , Fang Shisong , Wang Xiaohui , Ma Hanwu , Zhang Renli , Cheng Jinquan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOn December 29, 2011, a man infected with a subclade of the H5N1 virus was confirmed in Shenzhen, China. The clinical symptoms and immune factors of the patient were investigated and the phylogenetic and molecular characteristics of the virus were analyzed. High fever, rapid development of serious pneumonia and multi‐organ failure were the main clinical symptoms. Arterial blood gas analysis showed that PaCO2 rose sharply and PO2 decreased. Leukocyte and platelet counts decreased rapidly. Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts indicated lymphopenia and inverted ratios of CD4+ to CD8+ cells. Cytokine analysis showed that the levels of serum IL‐6, IL‐10, and IFN‐r continued to increase, whereas the levels of IL‐12 and TNFs decreased during the clinical course. MCP‐1 and IP‐10 remained at a high level after infection. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the virus A/Shenzhen/1/2011 belongs to the new subclade 2.3.2.1. An Arg (R) insertion at P6 and an RP8I substitution in the HA cleavage site motif were detected in the virus. Compared to the vaccine strain, 16 specific substitutions occurred in the HA1 protein. Some of them were located on the receptor‐binding site, glycosylation site and the region of the antigenic determinant. In summary, serious complications and immune system disorders were the main features of the infection with H5N1. Gene variation did not weaken the highly pathogenic features of viruses and the pathogenicity and antigenicity of the new subclade virus were changed. J. Med. Virol. 85:760–768, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatitis B virus candidate subgenotype I1 varies in distribution throughout Guangxi, China and may have originated in Long An county, Guangxi
Authors: Li Guo‐Jian , Hue Stéphane , Harrison Tim J. , Yang Jin‐Ye , Chen Qin‐Yan , Wang Xue‐Yan , Fang Zhong‐Liao 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSequencing of the complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes from Vietnam, China and Laos led to the identification of a complex recombinant, referred to initially as an aberrant genotype and later proposed to be a new genotype, I. However, epidemiological data regarding this new genotype are lacking. A cross‐sectional study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of HBV candidate genotype I in Guangxi, China using stratified, random cluster sampling. Four thousand five hundred thirteen subjects were recruited from five counties within Guangxi. Three genotypes, B, C, and I, were identified with a prevalence of 32.6% (114/350), 64% (224/350), and 3.4% (12/350), respectively. All the genotype I isolates belong to candidate subgenotype I1 and were found in Bing Yang (15.3%, 9/59) and Na Po (5.0%, 3/60) counties only. The prevalence of this subgenotype is significantly higher in males (5.1%, 10/195) than in females (1.3%, 2/155; X2 = 3.959, P < 0.05) but does not differ significantly with age. It was found in the Han (4.5%, 9/201) and Zhuang (3.1%, 3/97) ethnic populations only. There is no significant difference from other genotypes in the prevalence of HBV serological markers. Phylogeographic analysis revealed that genotype I1 likely arose in Long An county, then spread later to Bing Yang, Na Po counties and elsewhere in southeast Asia. In conclusion, the distribution of candidate genotype I within Guangxi is not even and it is highly endemic in some counties. Its prevalence is associated with gender and ethnicity. Subgenotype I1 likely originated in Long An county. J. Med. Virol. 85:799–807, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum immunoglobulin G subclass responses in different phases of hepatitis E virus infection
Authors: Deshmukh Tejaswini M. , Shah Rachita R. , Gurav Yogesh K. , Arankalle Vidya A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTo investigate the specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G subclass responses in patients with hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, an open reading frame 2 (ORF2) protein based enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay was used to measure antibody levels in sera obtained at different phases of infection. Sera were collected at 2–31 days and at 6 months after the onset of symptoms corresponding to the acute (n = 48, 100% IgM‐positive) and convalescent (n = 17/48, 53% IgM‐positive) phases of infection, respectively. IgM‐negative sera from 61 individuals infected at least ≥6 months ago (prior exposure) were also tested. IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 antibodies were detected in 100%, 6%, 56%, and 4% of acute phase sera, respectively, and in 100%, 0%, 0%, and 65% of convalescent phase sera, respectively. IgG1 antibody levels were significantly higher than those of the other detectable subclasses of IgG in the acute and convalescent sera (P < 0.05). The IgG3 antibodies in six acute phase patients were replaced by IgG4 antibodies in the convalescent phase of infection. Patients with prior exposure to HEV had low total IgG antibody titers and decreased IgG1 seropositivity compared with those in the acute and convalescent phases. IgG1 was the only major subclass of antibody to be detected in all the three phases of infection. Other than IgG1 antibodies, the subclass antibody response was restricted to IgG3 and IgG4 antibodies in the acute and convalescent phases of infection, respectively. J. Med. Virol. 85:828–832, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of the human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco‐2) cell line for isolating respiratory viruses from nasopharyngeal aspirates
Authors: Chan K.H. , Yan M.K. , To K.K.W. , Lau S.K. , Woo P.C. , Cheng V.C.C. , Li W.S. , Chan J.F.W. , Tse H. , Yuen K.Y. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe human colorectal adenocarcinoma‐derived Caco‐2 cell line was evaluated as a means isolating common respiratory viruses from nasopharyngeal aspirates for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases. One hundred eighty‐nine direct immunofluorescence positive nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained from patients with various viral respiratory diseases were cultured in the presence of Caco‐2 cells or the following conventional cell lines: LLC‐MK2, MDCK, HEp‐2, and A549. Caco‐2 cell cultures effectively propagated the majority (84%) of the viruses present in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples compared with any positive cultures obtained using the panel cells (78%) or individual cell line MDCK (38%), HEp‐2 (21%), LLC‐MK2 (27%), or A549 (37%) cell lines. The differences against individual cell line were statistically significant (P = < 0.000001). Culture in Caco‐2 cells resulted in the isolation of 85% (36/42) of viruses which were not cultivated in conventional cell lines. By contrast, 80% (24/30) of viruses not cultivated in Caco‐2 cells were isolated using the conventional panel. The findings indicated that Caco‐2 cells were sensitive to a wide range of viruses and can be used to culture a broad range of respiratory viruses. J. Med. Virol. 85:874–879, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus subtyping based on sequencing of the C/E1 and NS5B genomic regions in comparison to a commercially available line probe assay
Authors: Avó Ana Patrícia , Água‐Doce Ivone , Andrade Ana , Pádua Elizabeth 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype determination is required in clinical practice to establish the dose and duration of antiviral treatment. Although subtype identification does not impact on current therapy this is changing with new specific inhibitors of HCV enzymes and functions which are becoming available worldwide. These new drugs may yield different antiviral responses and resistance profiles. Accurate classification of HCV genotype and subtype is therefore crucial. An “in‐house” method was developed for improving HCV subtyping and the results were compared with a second‐generation line probe assay (LiPA) used extensively in Portugal. Phylogenetic analysis was undertaken of the C/E1 and NS5B genomic regions of HCV isolated from 72 prisoners with chronic HCV infection and from reference samples. Although LiPA is considered to be a good method for genotyping, HCV was subtyped in only 47.2% of cases compared with 95.8% of cases by the “in‐house” method. Molecular data for both C/E1 and NS5B regions were obtained in 88.9% of the samples. Two out of 23 cases of subtype 1a were misclassified as subtype 1b by LiPA. A putative recombinant like RF1_2k/1b, two potential inter‐genotypic recombinants 1b/4a and 3a/4a, and also a potential intra‐genotypic recombinant 2q/2k in C/E1 and 2k/2a in NS5B were also identified. The “in‐house” method enabled HCV to be subtyped accurately with the detection, in some cases, of recombinant viruses or dual HCV infections. Near full‐length genomic analysis to characterize these potential recombinant viruses is planned. J. Med. Virol. 85:815–822, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.