bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programming democracy: Neorealism, popular TV and improvised humanity of the Chi legge documentary series
Authors: Ritter Courtney 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
While scholarship increasingly positions Italian as the seminal movement in the post-war realignment towards liberal humanist democracy, the approach to early Italian television has remained rigidly national and insulated from these currents. This article examines the stylistic continuities between cinematic Neorealism and early television styles. It argues that early Italian television participated in the creation of a new notion of citizenship that was highly compatible with Neorealism’s own project for post-war Italy. Using the example of Cesare Zavattini’s documentary series Chi legge? Viaggio lungo il Tirreno/‘Who reads? A voyage along the Tyrrhenian Sea’ (1960), which abandoned traditional documentary motifs and took up what Zavattini described as popular, participatory programming’s ‘improvised humanity’, this article explores how the series restructured the engagement between subject and audience to give everyday Italians unprecedented sense of participation in national culture.
The final days of the RAI hegemony: On the sociocultural reasons behind the fall of the public monopoly
Authors: Richeri Giuseppe , Balbi Gabriele 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article examines contributory factors and main influences that made a pivotal contribution to the fall of the public radio and television monopoly in Italy in the second half of the 1970s. Four reasons are more relevant than others: changes in post-World War II Italian society; political issues such as the role of Constitutional Court and the establishment of the regions; economic factors such as the rise of industrial groups, pressure from advertisers and mass retail; and finally, technological elements such as new video-recording devices and the rise of cable television. Based mainly on secondary sources, this article pinpoints a series of reasons that go beyond – or are only partially linked to – the media world to explain a phenomenon that revolutionized Italian and European radio and television. Understanding them means understanding Italian culture at that time and, specifically, the significance of phenomena whose ramifications are still felt in the country’s contemporary media ecology.
Sixty years of political talk shows on RAI: From educating viewers to party-democracy to entertaining them with social television
Authors: Novelli Edoardo 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article retraces the evolution of RAI’s show schedule for political talk-shows, a heterogeneous and motley macro-genre of programmes that includes journalistic programmes and debates that recall squares or public places: there is a laid-back atmosphere on a television set where the private and personal side prevails over the public one, creating personal moments within entertainment programmes and satire shows. From the first Tribuna Elettorale/Electoral Forum (1960) up to the recent Ballarò (2002–) or Che Tempo che fa/What’s the Weather Like (2003–), the article analyses the production and formal aspects – like formats, staging, scenography, direction – as well as the messages and meaning either directly or indirectly related to the different programmes. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that RAI has played an important role in the education of Italians to the rules of democracy as well in the formalization of the different models of public debate that have taken place over the years. Initially, RAI was subordinate to the needs and requests of the political parties and institutions, thus strengthening them; in a second stage it started to being increasingly more autonomous until it brought about changes both within the rules of the public arena and in its protagonists, moving from an educational role to becoming a form of entertainment; in a third stage it started competing with the political system for the representation of public opinion and legitimizing new ways of political participation and behaviour.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the simultaneous estimation of Atazanavir sulphate and Ritonavir in bulk and tablet dosage form
Authors: Subramaniam Ananda Thangadurai , Munusamy Jambulingam , Sengodan Saravanakumar , Danapal Kamalakannan , Siva Ganga Lakshmi Haritha D , Kunan Varatha S 
Published: October 2014

A simple, robust, precise and accurate reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous estimation of Atazanavir sulphate and Ritonavir in combined tablet dosage form by RP-HPLC method. Chromatography was carried out on a Nucleodur C18Â column (150 mm x 4.6 mm x 5 m) using Acetonitrile: Methanol: Phosphate buffer, pH was adjusted to 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid in the ratio of 44:11:45 (V/V) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min-1Â and eluents were monitored at 210 nm. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 34 102 ?g mL-1Â for Atazanavir sulphate and 10 30 ?g mL-1Â for Ritonavir. The average retention time of Atazanavir sulphate and Ritonavir was found to be 3.133 min and 6.133 min respectively. The method was reproducible, with good resolution of Atazanavir sulphate and Ritonavir. The results of the analysis have been validated statistically.
An organ boundary‐enriched gene regulatory network uncovers regulatory hierarchies underlying axillary meristem initiation
Authors: Tian Caihuan , Zhang Xiaoni , He Jun , Yu Haopeng , Wang Ying , Shi Bihai , Han Yingying , Wang Guoxun , Feng Xiaoming , Zhang Cui , Wang Jin , Qi Jiyan , Yu Rong , Jiao Yuling 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGene regulatory networks (GRNs) control development via cell type‐specific gene expression and interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and regulatory promoter regions. Plant organ boundaries separate lateral organs from the apical meristem and harbor axillary meristems (AMs). AMs, as stem cell niches, make the shoot a ramifying system. Although AMs have important functions in plant development, our knowledge of organ boundary and AM formation remains rudimentary. Here, we generated a cellular‐resolution genomewide gene expression map for low‐abundance Arabidopsis thaliana organ boundary cells and constructed a genomewide protein–DNA interaction map focusing on genes affecting boundary and AM formation. The resulting GRN uncovers transcriptional signatures, predicts cellular functions, and identifies promoter hub regions that are bound by many TFs. Importantly, further experimental studies determined the regulatory effects of many TFs on their targets, identifying regulators and regulatory relationships in AM initiation. This systems biology approach thus enhances our understanding of a key developmental process.
Potency of Transgenic Effectors for Neurogenetic Manipulation inDrosophilaLarvae
Authors: Pauls Dennis , von Essen Alina , Lyutova Radostina , van Giesen Lena , Rosner Ronny , Wegener Christian , Sprecher Simon G 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGenetic manipulations of neuronal activity are a cornerstone of studies aimed to identify the functional impact of defined neurons for animal behavior. With its small nervous system, rapid life cycle, and genetic amenability, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster provides an attractive model system to study neuronal circuit function. In the past two decades, a large repertoire of elegant genetic tools has been developed to manipulate and study neural circuits in the fruit fly. Current techniques allow genetic ablation, constitutive silencing, or hyperactivation of neuronal activity and also include conditional thermogenetic or optogenetic activation or inhibition. As for all genetic techniques, the choice of the proper transgenic tool is essential for behavioral studies. Potency and impact of effectors may vary in distinct neuron types or distinct types of behavior. We here systematically test genetic effectors for their potency to alter the behavior of Drosophila larvae, using two distinct behavioral paradigms: general locomotor activity and directed, visually guided navigation. Our results show largely similar but not equal effects with different effector lines in both assays. Interestingly, differences in the magnitude of induced behavioral alterations between different effector lines remain largely consistent between the two behavioral assays. The observed potencies of the effector lines in aminergic and cholinergic neurons assessed here may help researchers to choose the best-suited genetic tools to dissect neuronal networks underlying the behavior of larval fruit flies.
Comparison of Dexmedetomidine With Pentobarbital for Pediatric MRI Sedation
Authors: Teshome Getachew , Belani Kiran , Braun Janet L. , Constantine Diane R. , Gattu Rajender K. , Lichenstein Richard 
Published: October 2014

Background and Objective:Intravenous pentobarbital has been used in the past to sedate pediatric patients in preparation for MRI; however, the drug has unpredictable sedation time. Dexmedetomidine, because of its short half-life, is gaining popularity for pediatric MRI sedation in settings where the use of propofol is restricted for nonanesthesiologists. The objective was to compare induction time, recovery time, total sedation time, sedation failure rate, and adverse outcomes of patients sedated with pentobarbital and dexmedetomidine in preparation for pediatric MRI.Methods:We reviewed a sedation database that contains clinical data for all children undergoing MRI studies while sedated with pentobarbital or dexmedetomidine between May 15, 2008, and October 30, 2010.Results:During the study period, 281 sedations were induced in preparation for MRI (160 with pentobarbital, and 121 with dexmedetomidine). The 2 groups were comparable with regard to age, weight, gender, and American Society of Anesthesiologists status. The dexmedetomidine group had a significantly shorter recovery time (39 ± 21 vs 49 ± 27 minutes [P = .002]) and total sedation time (107 ± 28 vs 157 ± 44 minutes [P = .0001]). Induction time was similar between the groups. The adverse event rate for the study population was 3%.Conclusions:Dexmedetomidine and pentobarbital can both be used successfully for MRI sedation in children. However, dexmedetomidine had a significantly shorter recovery time and total sedation time in our population.
Prevalence and Documentation of Overweight and Obesity in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents
Authors: Azhdam Devora Bita , Reyhan Iris , Grant-Guimaraes Jamilah , Feinstein Ronald 
Published: October 2014

Objective:
Overweight and obesity (OAO) are major problems among children and adolescents. Hospitalization of pediatric patients provides an opportunity for physicians to initiate point-of-care services related to weight status. Our goal was to determine the prevalence of OAO among hospitalized pediatric patients and to assess the extent of documentation of OAO in their medical records.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review of 8- to 18-year-olds admitted to an inpatient pediatric unit during 6 months in 2012. Age, gender, height, weight, BMI, discharge diagnosis, and admitting specialty were extracted from electronic medical records. BMI percentile was calculated from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Prevalence of OAO was determined for medical and surgical subspecialties, and charts were queried for documentation of weight status.

Results:
The study included 603 patients. Approximately one-third (36.5%) of patients were either overweight or obese, and nearly one-fifth (19.7%) were obese. The prevalence of overweight was similar between medical and surgical specialties. Obesity prevalence differed slightly, at 20.8% and 17.3% (P &gt; .05), respectively. Only 0.9% of overweight and obese patients had documented discharge diagnoses of overweight or obesity, and only 13.2% had documentation of weight status noted anywhere in their medical record.

Conclusions:
We identified a significant number of hospitalized OAO patients, an overwhelming percentage of whom never had weight status documented during their admission. Hospitalization offers health providers a window of opportunity to identify obesity, communicate risks, and initiate weight management interventions.
Dominikanie na kresach wschodnich Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów (teren dzisiejszej Białorusi)
Authors: Miławicki Marek 
Published: October 2014

Celem artykułu jest zarysowanie historii obecności zakonu dominikańskiego na tej części Kresów Wschodnich dawnej Rzeczypospolitej (Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie), które obecnie leżą w granicach państwa białoruskiego, począwszy od średniowiecza do drugiej połowy XIX wieku. Na terenie tym istniało 45 placówek dominikańskich, które zostały skasowane przez władze zaboru rosyjskiego w XIX wieku. Dominikanie prowadzili nie tylko działalność duszpasterską (głównie kaznodziejstwo i parafie), ale także oświatową i kulturalną. W okresie powstań zakonnicy również czynnie brali w nich udział, za co spotkały ich represje (emigracja, zsyłki na Syberię, kasaty klasztorów i konfiskata mienia i dóbr kultury).
A New Map Location of Gene Stb3 for Resistance to Septoria Tritici Blotch in Wheat
Authors: Goodwin Stephen B. , Cavaletto Jessica R. , Hale Iago L. , Thompson Ian , Xu Steven S. , Adhikari Tika B. , Dubcovsky Jorge 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTSeptoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola (synonym: Zymoseptoria tritici; asexual stage: Septoria tritici), is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Management of the disease usually is by host resistance or fungicides. However, M. graminicola has developed insensitivity to most commonly applied fungicides, so there is a continuing need for well‐characterized sources of host resistance to accelerate the development of improved wheat cultivars. Gene Stb3 has been a useful source of major resistance, but its mapping location has not been well characterized. On the basis of linkage to a single marker, a previous study assigned Stb3 to a location on the short arm of chromosome 6D. However, the results from the present study show that this reported location is incorrect. Instead, linkage analysis revealed that Stb3 is located on the short arm of wheat chromosome 7A, completely linked to microsatellite (simple‐sequence repeat) locus Xwmc83 and flanked by loci Xcfa2028 (12.4 cM distal) and Xbarc222 (2.1 cM proximal). Linkage between Stb3 and Xwmc83 was validated in BC1F3 progeny of other crosses, and analyses of the flanking markers with deletion stocks showed that the gene is located on 7AS between fraction lengths 0.73 and 0.83. This revised location of Stb3 is different from those for other STB resistance genes previously mapped in hexaploid wheat but is approximately 20 cM proximal to an STB resistance gene mapped on the short arm of chromosome 7Am in Triticum monococcum. The markers described in this study are useful for accelerating the deployment of Stb3 in wheat breeding programs.
The Effect of Tax Preparation Software on Tax Compliance: A Research Note
Authors: Brink William D. , Lee Lorraine S. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
Tax software is commonly used in the preparation of U.S. federal and state income tax returns. A common feature of tax return preparation software is the prepayment-position status bar, which automatically calculates an updated refund/tax-due position. This paper examines whether the prepayment-position status bar, influences taxpayer decision making. This study utilizes a 2 × 2 experimental design, manipulating the taxpayers' prepayment position (refund/tax-due) and manipulating whether the prepayment-position status bar is present or absent. Using experienced taxpayers as study participants, the results of the experiment show that taxpayers are more aggressive when they are in a tax-due position compared to a refund position and that this effect is exaggerated when the tax software contains a prepayment-position status bar.
Breastfeeding Practices in Kathmandu
Authors: Mathema Smriti 
Published: October 2014

Introduction: In spite of significant evidence on a number of important health benefits of breastfeeding, it has been seen that a vast number of infants in Nepal are not being breastfed appropriately based on standard recommendations. This study was conducted to evaluate the breastfeeding practices prevalent in Kathmandu.Materials and Methods: This was across-sectional survey carried out over a period of 24 months from January 2011 to December 2012 on a convenient sample of children aged 6 months to 23 months when they were brought for treatment to Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Breastfeeding was defined according to the recent WHO guidelines and mothers were interviewed as per a structured questionnaire.Results: There were 1250 children enrolled in the study, out of which almost all infants (99.7%, n=1246) received colostrum. Only 62.64% (n=783) babies received breast milk as their first food. Initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of delivery was done by 719 (57.5%) mothers. The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 3.8 months.Conclusion: This study reflects that majority of infants in Kathmandu are still not fed in accordance with breastfeeding recommendations and guidelines. More attention should be given to a proper community-based program including subsequent monitoring of its implementation as exclusive breastfeeding has been proved to be one of the most effective ways to improve infant survival.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.10032J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):96-99
Methylmalonic Acidemia – Cause of Recurrent Neonatal Death and Its Social Implications
Authors: Madhavi Vasikarla , Sharma Deepak Kumar , Murki Srinivas , Pratap Tejo 
Published: October 2014

Mr and Mrs R, non-consanguineous couple had history of all their children during neonatal period. First two neonates were normal at birth, then presented with lethargy, vomiting and decreased acceptance of feeds. Both the babies expired after birth without being investigated for cause of death. The third neonate was investigated for inborn error of metabolism and found to be affected with methylmalonic acidemia. The couple departed away inspite of extensive counselling. In the fourth pregnancy antenatally fetus was diagnosed as carrier case of methylmalonic acidemia and short chain fatty acid oxidase deficiency. The fourth baby was normal and was in follow up till one year age. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.10577 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):150-153
Cervical Lymphadenitis Due to Nodular Fasciitis in a Child
Authors: Kanik Ali , Eliacik Kayi , Ince Tolga , Bayol Umit , Helvacı Mehmet 
Published: October 2014

Nodular fasciitis is a benign, reactive proliferation of fibroblasts in the subcutaneous tissues. It usually affects the trunk and upper extremities, and rarely the head and neck region of young adults. It is rare among children and the histologic findings may incorrectly suggest malignant lesions. We describe a two-year-old girl that referred to our clinic with complaints of fever and swelling on the right side of neck and diagnosed as lymphadenitis clinically. Cervical lymphadenitis due to nodular fasciitis is a rarity. We emphasize that nodular fasciitis needs to be included in the differential diagnoses of neck lymphadenitis during childhood. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.9548J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):141-143
Neonatal Near Miss Cases of Different Health Facilities
Authors: Manandhar Sunil Raja , Manandhar Dharma S , Adhikari Dhruba , Shrestha Jyoti Raj , Rai Chandra , Rana Hari , Paudel Mohan 
Published: October 2014

Introduction: The near miss concept and the criterion-based clinical audit are proposed as useful approaches for obtaining such information in newborn health care. There is currently no Standard definition and criteria for neonatal near miss especially for the community level intervention. Thus, lifesaving interventions could be an entry point to initiate the development of the neonatal near-miss definition. Mother and Infants Research Activities and Health Right International (HRI) developed a new tool for assessing neonatal near miss cases based on the Community based newborn care package programme. This is a part of operational research programme on strengthening the health facilities of Electoral constituency No; 2 of Arghakhanchi district of Nepal. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze neonatal near miss cases at different health facilities of Electoral constituency No; 2 of Arghakhanchi district, Nepal.Materials and Methods: One day of training on identifying neonatal near miss cases was given by an expert at Arghakhanchi district hospital to the health facilities staff in two groups. Health facility staffs were trained on identifying neonatal near miss cases and completing the modified neonatal near miss case forms. Neonatal near miss cases were documented for nine months period.Results: There were a total of 28 cases of neonatal near miss reported from different health facilities. Among them, 90% babies were delivered at health facility and 72% babies were of normal birth weight. Low birth weight incidence is 21% among near miss cases. Neonatal near miss contributed possible severe bacterial infection/ severe infection 47%, birth asphyxia in 43% cases and very low birth weight 7%.Conclusions: Birth asphyxia and PSBI were the two most common causes of neonatal near miss in the health facilities of Arghakhanchi district. There is a need to improve the quality of neonatal care in health facilities to properly manage these neonatal near miss cases which were referred to higher centre.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.9880J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):115-118
Long-term outcomes of resective epilepsy surgery after invasive presurgical evaluation in children with tuberous sclerosis complex and bilateral multiple lesions
Authors: Arya Ravindra , Tenney Jeffrey R. , Horn Paul S. , Greiner Hansel M. , Holland Katherine D. , Leach James L. , Gelfand Michael J. , Rozhkov Leonid , Fujiwara Hisako , Rose Douglas F. , Franz David N. , Mangano Francesco T. 
Published: October 2014

OBJECT
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) with medically refractory epilepsy is characterized by multifocal brain abnormalities, traditionally indicating poor surgical candidacy. This single-center, retrospective study appraised seizurerelated, neuropsychological, and other outcomes of resective surgery in TSC patients with medically refractory epilepsy, and analyzed predictors for these outcomes.

METHODS
Patients with multilesional TSC who underwent epilepsy surgery between 2007 and 2012 were identified from an electronic database. All patients underwent multimodality noninvasive and subsequent invasive evaluation. Seizure outcomes were classified using the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) scale. The primary outcome measure was complete seizure remission (ILAE Class 1). Secondary outcome measures included 50% responder rate, change in full-scale IQ, electroencephalography improvement, and reduction in antiepileptic drug (AED) burden.

RESULTS
A total of 37 patients with TSC underwent resective surgery during the study period. After a mean follow-up of 5.68 ± 3.67 years, 56.8% achieved complete seizure freedom (ILAE Class 1) and 86.5% had ILAE Class 4 outcomes or better. The full-scale IQ on follow-up was significantly higher in patients with ILAE Class 1 outcome (66.70 ± 12.36) compared with those with ILAE Class 2 or worse outcomes (56.00 ± 1.41, p = 0.025). In 62.5% of the patients with ILAE Class 2 or worse outcomes, the number of AEDs were found to be significantly reduced (p = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS
This study substantiates the evidence for efficacy of resective epilepsy surgery in patients with bilateral multilesional TSC. More than half of the patients were completely seizure free. Additionally, a high proportion achieved clinically meaningful reduction in seizure burden and the number of AEDs.