bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A physical approach for considering how anchorage head size influences the punching capacity of slabs strengthened with vertical steel bolts
Authors: Silva Ricardo , Faria Duarte M. Viúla , Ramos A. Pinho , Inácio Micael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe introduction of new vertical steel bolts is an easy, practical and common solution for retrofitting and strengthening slabs for punching. Although a common option where punching strengthening is concerned, few studies exist regarding how the bolt's anchorage dimensions and its embedment in the concrete slab affect the strengthening efficiency. This work presents an analytical approach that is able to predict the punching capacity of slabs strengthened with post‐installed vertical steel bolts, taking into account the anchorage dimensions and positioning plus the material properties. This approach results from the combination of two physical models: one provided in the fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 regarding the punching capacity estimation, and another that allows the deformation (crushing) of the concrete beneath the head of the anchorage to be taken into account. The predicted values are compared with experimental results, showing that the analytical approach is able to simulate correctly the anchorage behaviour and its influence regarding a slab's loadbearing capacity. A parametrical analysis is carried out in order to study the importance of different factors such as concrete compressive strength, longitudinal reinforcement ratio and steel bolt length, always accompanied by the effect of anchorage head size and embedment.
Design for SLS according to fib Model Code 2010
Authors: Balázs György L. , Bisch Philippe , Borosnyói Adorján , Burdet Olivier , Burns Clare , Ceroni Francesca , Cervenka Vladimir , Chiorino Mario A. , Debernardi Piergiorgio , Eckfeldt Lars , El‐Badry Mamdouh , Fehling Ekkehard , Foster Stephen J. , Ghali Amin , Gribniak Viktor , Guiglia Matteo , Kaklauskas Gintaris , Lark Robert J. , Lenkei Peter , Lorrain Michel , Marí Antonio , Ozbolt Josko , Pecce Marisa , Pérez Caldentey Alejandro , Taliano Maurizio , Tkalcic Damir , Torrenti Jean Michel , Torres Lluis , Toutlemonde François , Ueda Tamon , Vitek Jan L. , Vráblík Lukáš 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of serviceability specifications given by the fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 (fib MC2010 [1]). First, the reasons behind crack control and deflection control are discussed, then specific design rules are provided. Simple rules as well as detailed models are also presented. Numerical examples are provided in order to assist in the application of the design recommendations for crack control and deflection control (reinforced and prestressed concrete elements).Simple rules mean indirect control of cracking or deflections without calculations. Indirect crack control may include limitation of stresses and selection of maximum bar diameter or maximum bar spacing. Indirect deflection control normally means limiting the span‐to‐depth ratio.Detailed models are based on physical and mathematical approaches to cracking and deflections. The design crack width is expressed as the maximum bond transfer length multiplied by the mean strain between cracks. Deflection analysis can be provided by integrating curvatures or by using a simplified or refined method. Vibrations and numerical modelling of cracking are also briefly discussed.
Bilateral loading experiment on and analysis of concrete piers using mortar‐jointed ultra‐high‐strength fibre‐reinforced concrete precast formwork
Authors: Yamanobe Shinichi , Saito Kimio , Ichinomiya Toshimichi , Kanamitsu Yoshihisa 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe seismic performance of a reinforced concrete pier structure depends greatly on the plastic hinge region at the base of the pier. To improve the plastic hinge region of the structure, we propose using ultra‐high‐strength fibre‐reinforced concrete (UFC) formwork for the concrete cover at the base of the pier. This study describes the structural characteristics of a pier with a base cast using mortar‐jointed UFC formwork.To investigate the structural characteristics, a bilateral circular cyclic loading experiment and a simulation analysis using a fibre model were conducted. The results show that the flexural strength remained stable under a large rotation angle. Even at the rotation angle at the ultimate limit state, crushing failure of the mortar did not occur and the ultimate limit state did not result from mortar damage, because the tensile strength of mortar‐filled joints is close to zero, and thus excellent flexural crack distribution performance can be achieved.
fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010: mastering challenges and encountering new ones
Authors: Walraven Joost 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 is a recommendation for the design of structural concrete, written with the intention of giving guidance for future codes. As such, the results of the newest research and development work are used to generate recommendations for structural concrete at the level of the latest state of the art. While carrying out this exercise, areas are inevitably found where information is insufficient, thus inviting further study. This paper begins with a brief introduction to the new expertise and ideas implemented in fib Model Code 2010, followed by a treatment of areas where knowledge appeared to be insufficient or even lacking and where further research might be useful.
Design recommendations for interface shear transfer in fib Model Code 2010
Authors: Randl Norbert 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInterface shear transfer between differently aged concretes is a topic that crops up frequently and in different situations in structural design. In the fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 the fundamental basics of concrete‐to‐concrete load transfer are given in section 6.3 and the corresponding design rules in 7.3.3.6. The different potential mechanisms contributing to the shear resistance along the interface, i.e. adhesive bond, aggregate interlock, friction and dowel action, are thus combined and their relationship taken into account by interaction factors. This article summarizes the most important results from past and ongoing studies and presents the background to the theory forming the design basis of fib Model Code 2010, the “extended shear friction theory” (ESF).
Reliability analysis of RC beams strengthened for torsion with carbon fibre composites
Authors: Souza Osvaldo Luiz de Carvalho , Sánchez Filho Emil de Souza , Vaz Luiz Eloy , Silva Filho Júlio Jerônimo Holtz 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTwo sets of reliability analyses for two beam series strengthened with carbon fibre composites (CFC) in different ways and subjected to torsional moments are described in this paper. The analyses consider three failure functions and the system is regarded as a series system formed by these three limit state modes.Five random variables are taken into account in the first set of analyses. The analyses are performed for different torsional moment ratios, defined as the ratio of the torsional moment due to live loads to the total torsional moment. The system reliability indexes and the factors of importance associated with each random variable are obtained. In the second set of reliability analyses, only the two most relevant random variables selected in the first set of analyses according to the values of their factors of importance are considered, and new reliability indexes are determined. The examples show that despite the constant value of the total torsional moment, the increase in the torsional moment ratio leads to a decrease in the system reliability levels. The fact that the values of the reliability indexes obtained in both sets of reliability analyses are very similar validates the efficiency of the sensitivity analyses.
Shear in concrete structures subjected to dynamic loads
Authors: Magnusson Johan , Hallgren Mikael , Ansell Anders 
Published: October 2013

AbstractShear failures in reinforced concrete structures under intense dynamic loads are brittle and limit the structure's energy‐absorbing capabilities. This paper comprises a review of the literature dealing with the problem of dynamic shear of reinforced concrete elements, with a focus on parameters that control flexural shear and direct shear. In this context, dynamic loads refer to intense events due to explosions and impacts. For this reason, the initial response is also highlighted. Experimental investigations and calculations show that shear force and bending moment distributions in dynamic events are initially significantly different from the distributions under slowly applied loads. Therefore, structural wave propagation, geometrical properties of elements, strain rate effects and dynamic load characteristics need to be considered when analysing shear. The review also indicates that arch action in the shear span soon after the load has been applied has a large influence on the shear capacity of an element. This action is of particular importance in intense loading events. Finally, suggestions for further research are identified.
Structural behaviour and deformation patterns in loaded plain concrete ground‐supported slabs
Authors: Alani Amir M. , Rizzuto Joseph , Beckett Derrick , Aboutalebi Morteza 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe work presented in this paper is considered to be an attempt to contribute towards a better understanding of the structural behaviour of plain concrete slabs under step loading conditions. The Concrete Society Technical Report TR34 “Concrete Industrial Ground Floors” is in its 3rd edition (2003) and is currently under review. TR34 covers the design of concrete ground‐supported slabs containing fibres, both steel and synthetic, as an alternative to mesh reinforcement. This work reports on tests carried out at different critical loading locations, including the centre, edges and corners of a 6.0 × 6.0 × 0.15 m deep plain concrete slab. The test results are compared with theoretical values derived using available design codes and other information sources. The results show a notable difference between the test results and the theoretical values.
Prenatal unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia in a series of 26 cases: significance and implications for prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Massoud M. , Cagneaux M. , Garel C. , Varene N. , Moutard M.‐L. , Billette T. , Benezit A. , Rougeot C. , Jouannic J.‐M. , Massardier J. , Gaucherand P. , Desportes V. , Guibaud L. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo define imaging patterns of unilateral cerebellar hypoplasia (UCH), discuss possible pathophysiological mechanisms and underline the etiology and prognosis associated with these lesions.MethodsIn this retrospective study we reviewed the charts of 26 fetuses diagnosed between 2003 and 2011 with UCH, defined by asymmetrical cerebellar hemispheres with or without decreased transverse cerebellar diameter. The review included analysis of the anatomy of the cerebellar hemispheres, including foliation, borders and parenchymal echogenicity, and of the severity of the hypoplasia. Data from clinical and biological work‐up and follow‐up were obtained.ResultsOur series could be divided into two groups according to whether imaging features changed progressively or remained constant during follow‐up. In Group 1 (n = 8), the progression of imaging features, echogenic cerebellar changes and/or hyposignal in T2*‐weighted MR images were highly suggestive of ischemic/hemorrhagic insult. In Group 2 (n = 18), imaging features remained constant during follow‐up; UCH was associated with abnormal foliation in three proven cases of clastic lesions, a cystic lesion was noted in three cases of PHACE (posterior fossa anomalies, hemangioma, arterial anomalies, cardiac abnormalities/aortic coarctation, eye abnormalities) syndrome and, in the remaining cases, UCH remained unchanged, with no imaging pattern typical of hemorrhage. In 24 cases the infant was liveborn and follow‐up was continued in 23, for a mean period of 3 years. Among these, neurological complications were identified in seven (in one of seven (at a mean of 46 months) in Group 1 and in six of 16 (at a mean of 35 months) in Group 2). The surface loss of cerebellar hemisphere was > 50% in 19/24 fetuses and the vermis was clearly normal in appearance in 19/24. Predisposing factors for fetal vascular insult were identified in eight cases: these included maternal alcohol addiction, diabetes mellitus, congenital cytomegalovirus infection and pathological placenta with thrombotic vasculopathy and infarctions.ConclusionUCH is defined as a focal lesion of the cerebellum that may be secondary to hemorrhage and/or ischemic insult, suggesting a clastic origin, particularly when imaging follow‐up reveals changes over time. UCH may also be a clue for the prenatal diagnosis of PHACE syndrome. The amount of surface loss of cerebellar hemisphere does not correlate with poor prognosis. UCH with normal vermis is often associated with normal outcome. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Synthesis of the Benzoate Intercalated Layered Double ­Hydroxide of Nickel and Aluminum: Application of Mering's Rule
Authors: Manohara G. V. , Vishnu Kamath P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHomogeneous precipitation from a mixed metal nitrate solution using benzamide as a hydrolysis agent results in the formation of a benzoate‐intercalated layered double hydroxide of nickel and aluminum with a basal spacing of 15.6 Å. The alternation in the line widths of the basal reflections has been shown to arise by the random interstratification of a 8.8 Å phase with an altered orientation of the benzoate ions. This work is an illustration of the application of Mering's rules to model disorder in layered double hydroxides.
Formation and Decomposition of Metastable α′′‐Fe16N2 from in situ Powder Neutron Diffraction and Thermal Analysis
Authors: Widenmeyer Marc , Hansen Thomas C. , Niewa Rainer 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn order to gain more information on the formation and decomposition behavior of metastable α′′‐Fe16N2 from different starting materials in situ neutron diffraction and thermal analysis in different gas atmospheres and heating rates were carried out. Under inert conditions a direct conversion of α′′‐Fe16N2 in α‐Fe and N2 was observed using higher heating rates, while with lower heating rates the decomposition occurs via the formation of γ′‐Fe4Ny. The changes in c/a ratio of the α′′‐phase are related to a subsequent transformation into martensitic α′‐Fe8N during the decomposition. In situ neutron diffraction data were collected in high quality, due to an optimized experimental setup with a time resolution of two minutes on D20 (Institut Laue‐Langevin, ILL) allowing for detailed Rietveld analyses. Thermal analyses support the proposed metastable nature of α′′‐Fe16N2. For all phase transition temperatures within the investigated system a strong dependency from heating rate, thermal history of the sample, gas flow conditions, and particle size exists. Particularly, for bulk α′′‐Fe16N2 the synthesis conditions from reaction of in situ produced fine iron particles and ammonia were improved and a high purity sample [93(2) wt %] was achieved.
New Acyclic Neutral Phosphorus Sulfides and Sulfide Oxides
Authors: Schönberger Stefanie , Jagdhuber Christoph , Ascherl Laura , Evangelisti Camilla , Klapötke Thomas M. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract A great number of binary neutral phosphorus sulfides was discovered and investigated. However all stable representatives of this family of compounds adopt a polycyclic structure in contrast to their lighter homologues, the nitrogen oxides. Acyclic representatives can be stabilized by adduct formation with a nitrogen base. The bis(pyridine) adduct py2P2S5 of the unstable acyclic phosphorus sulfide P2S5 is readily obtained stirring P4S10 in pyridine at ambient temperature. X‐ray diffraction studies on single crystals of py2P2S5·0.5 py (1b) show a N2O5 like structure for the P2S5 framework. The long P–N distances of 1.86 Å indicate only weak coordination of the pyridine molecules to phosphorus. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies on py2P2S4.34O0.66 (2) reveal the presence of py2P2S4O (3) together with py2P2S5 in the crystal. Compound 3 contains the mixed phosphorus oxide sulfide molecule P2S4O stabilized as bis(pyridine) adduct. It is readily obtained from pyP2S5 by oxidation with KMnO4 in pyridine. The oxygen atom occupies the bridging position between the two phosphorus atoms. Quantum chemical calculations at the MPW1PW91 level of theory as well as DTA/TG thermal analyses confirm the weak coordination of the pyridine molecules in py2P2S5, py2P2S4O, and py2P2S7 to phosphorus.
The Formation of Hemiacetal Complexes of Rhenium(V) by Degradation of a Schiff Base
Authors: Barandov Ali , Abram Ulrich 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Mono‐ and dinuclear oxidorhenium(V) complexes with hemiacetal ligands were isolated from a reaction of (NBu4)[ReOCl4] with a potentially tetradentate Schiff base prepared from (1R,2R)‐cyclohexane‐1, 2‐diamine and (2‐formylphenyl)diphenylphosphine in methanol. The hemiacetal is formed by solvolysis of first one imine functionality of the Schiff base, whereas the second remains intact. The resulting amine/iminophosphine coordinates as a tridentate N,N, P ligand in a dinuclear compound. Ongoing degradation of the Schiff base gives more hemiacetal (HL1a) and the final product, the monomeric complex [ReOCl(L1a)2] is formed. Cleavage of the organic framework is not observed during the reaction of (NBu4)[ReOCl4] with a related Schiff base derived from ethylene‐1, 2‐diamine and (2‐formylphenyl)diphenylphosphine. The Schiff base reacts as a bis‐bidentate N, P ligand and a dinuclear oxorhenium(V) compound with a central ethylene bridge is formed.
Synthesis of Palladium and Platinum Complexes with an NH, NEt‐substituted Benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene Ligand
Authors: Hervé Alexandre , Jahnke Mareike C. , Pape Tania , Hahn F. Ekkehardt 
Published: October 2013

Abstract The compound 2‐chloro‐N‐ethylbenzimidazole 1 was synthesized and was reacted with complexes of type [M(PPh3)4] (M = Pd, Pt) in the presence of NH4BF4 as proton source. This reaction leads via an oxidative addition to complexes of type [MCl(NH, NEt‐NHC)(PPh3)2]BF4 (M = Pd, [3]BF4; M = Pt, [4]BF4). In case of M = Pd, only compound trans‐[3]BF4 was obtained, while for M = Pt two isomeric platinum complexes cis‐[4]BF4 and trans‐[4]BF4 were obtained in a ratio of 78:22. The molecular structures of the square‐planar complexes trans‐[3](BF4) and cis‐[4]BF4 were determined by X‐ray diffraction.
State of the Art of Robotic Pancreatic Surgery
Authors: Milone Luca , Daskalaki Despoina , Wang Xiaoying , Giulianotti Pier Cristoforo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMore than a decade has passed since robotic technology was adopted for abdominal surgery, and virtually every gastrointestinal operation has since been shown to be feasible, safe, and reproducible using the robotic approach. Robotic pancreatic surgery had been left behind at the beginning, because they were technically challenging, requiring not only being very familiar with the robotic technology but also having a perfect knowledge of the anatomical variations, very frequent in this area. Nonetheless in the last few years many authors have approached the robot for pancreatic surgery with very promising results in terms of surgical and oncological outcomes. The aim of this article is to review the literature on robotic pancreatic surgery and to define the state of the art use of the robotic approach for pancreatic disease.
Outcome After Curative Surgery for Gastric Cancer Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wang Kuo‐Chung , Huang Kuo‐Hung , Lan Yuan‐Tzu , Fang Wen‐Liang , Lo Su‐Shun , Li Anna Fen‐Yau , Wu Chew‐Wun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundBariatric surgery has been adapted to the management of morbid obesity, leading to not only loss of body weight but also improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The goal of our study was to evaluate the effect of gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients with type 2 DM.MethodsFrom 1989 to 2011, a total of 69 gastric cancer patients receiving curative surgery were enrolled in this study. They were diagnosed with type 2 DM preoperatively and all are alive without tumor recurrence. The clinical characteristics were compared between groups with improved or unimproved DM, and groups were also analyzed based on the extent of gastrectomy and different reconstruction methods.ResultsOf the 69 patients, 58 received subtotal gastrectomy and 11 received total gastrectomy. The frequency of DM improvement was significantly higher after total gastrectomy than subtotal gastrectomy (81.8 vs. 36.2 %; p = 0.007). Patients with DM duration of less than 5 years tended to experience DM improvement after surgery more frequently than patients with DM duration of more than 5 years (p = 0.028). Roux‐en‐Y esophagojejunostomy (R‐Ye) led to a higher rate of DM improvement than did R‐Y gastrojejunostomy (R‐Yg), especially in patients with DM duration more than 5 years. Among patients receiving duodenal bypass after gastrectomy, R‐Ye was associated with a higher frequency of DM improvement than R‐Yg and B‐II.ConclusionsThe extent of gastrectomy rather than the reconstruction method played an important role in DM improvement after curative surgery for gastric cancer.
Nonlinear scalar field equations: Existence of a positive solution with infinitely many bumps
Authors: Cerami Giovanna , Passaseo Donato , Solimini Sergio 
Published: October 2013

In this paper we consider the equation

\tag{E}
−\mathrm{\Delta }u + a(x)u = |u|^{p−1}u\:\text{in }\mathbb{R}^{N},

where

N⩾2

,

p > 1

,

p < 2^*−1 = \frac{N + 2}{N−2}

, if

N⩾3

. During last thirty years the question of the existence and multiplicity of solutions to (

\mathrm E

) has been widely investigated mostly under symmetry assumptions on

a

. The aim of this paper is to show that, differently from those found under symmetry assumption, the solutions found in [6] admit a limit configuration and so (

\mathrm E

) also admits a positive solution of infinite energy having infinitely many ‘bumps’.

Résumé
Dans ce papier nous considérons l'équation

\tag{E}
−\mathrm{\Delta }u + a(x)u = |u|^{p−1}u\:\text{en }\mathbb{R}^{N},

où

N⩾2

,

p > 1

,

p < 2^*−1 = \frac{N + 2}{N−2}

, si

N⩾3

. Pendant les trente dernières années la question de l'existence et de la multiplicité de solutions d‘ (

\mathrm E

) a été largement examinée surtout conformément aux suppositions de symétrie sur

a

. Le but de ce papier est de montrer que, différemment de ceux trouvés conformément à la supposition de symétrie, les solutions trouvées dans [6] admettent une configuration de limite et donc (

\mathrm E

) admet aussi une solution positive d'énergie infinie ayant une infinité de ‘bumps’.
Cardiac arrhythmias during long‐duration spaceflights
Authors: Anzai Tagayasu , Frey Mary Anne , Nogami Akihiko 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFew studies have investigated cardiac arrhythmias during spaceflight. Atrial and ventricular premature contractions, short‐duration atrial fibrillation, and non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia were reported by previous spaceflight programs. Some of these arrhythmias occurred following extravehicular activity in space. Arrhythmias during spaceflight are related with hypokalemia, microgravity, changes in the autonomic nervous system, and physical stress. Some astronauts have needed radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial arrhythmias. Future long‐duration spaceflights beyond the Earth's orbit may expose astronauts to significant levels of radiation that affect the coronary arteries. Genetic tests for arrhythmias might be added to the present cardiac screening examinations in the future.