bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P-618 RISK ASSESSMENT OF WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL EXPOSURES. ARE MEASUREMENTS BETTER THAN OBSERVATIONS? RESULTS FROM THE “EVERBA-STUDY”
Authors: Klussmann Andre , Nasir Jamal , Jost Mirjam , Tolg Boris , Popp Johann 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are main causes for sick leave. To estimate the probability of work-related musculoskeletal overload, validated risk assessment methods are required. Observational methods and measurement-supported assessment approaches are available. We examined differences performing workplace assessments in nursing.

Methods
Participants perform simple to complex work tasks. Besides observations and video recordings, they are measured with a body-worn sensor system and three-way force plates absorb the ground reaction forces. The measurement data are converted into effective forces on the lower back, shoulders and knees using biomechanical models. Cumulative loads in Newton seconds (Ns) are determined. Reliability is calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). As an observational method, the Key Indicator Method Whole-Body Forces (KIM-BF) is used.

Results
Six participants performed six simple and four complex movements, each with eight repetitions. This resulted in a total of 480 data sets of which 468 could be evaluated. The test-retest reliability was calculated with an ICC of 0.6-0.9 for the three body regions. Results correlate with the scores of KIM-BF.

Discussion/Conclusion
The added value resulting from the measurements compared to observational screening is doubtful. Measurements mean an immense effort in the preparation and post-processing with a moderate reliability. It is true that (supposedly) more precise data could be generated than in the observation, but evaluation models with this level of precision do not exist. Results from measurements depend fundamentally on those who build, set up, perform, and evaluate them, and there can be a lot of subjective and objective influences as well as intentional and unintentional errors.
P-620 RACHIALGIA IN PROFESSIONAL DRIVERS AND MEDICAL FITNESS FOR WORK: A REVIEW OF 31 CASES
Authors: Ziedi Hiba , Brahim Dorra , Mechergui Najla , Youssef Imen , Mersni Mariem , Bahri Ghada , Said Hanene Ben , Bani Mejda , Ladhari Nizar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Spinal pain is a frequent reason for consultation in occupational medicine, particularly among professional drivers (PDs) exposed to low-frequency vibrations. We aimed to study the risk factors as well as the medical fitness to work in PDs suffering from spinal pain.

Methods
A retrospective descriptive study that involved PDs referred to the occupational medicine department for a medical opinion of fitness for work in the face of spinal pain, during the period from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022.

Results
During the study period, 31 PDs were included. The population was exclusively male with a mean age of 50±6 years. The most common sectors of activity were transport (42%) and construction (19%). The median professional seniority was 16 years. Obesity was associated with spinal pain in 32% of cases. Lumbar involvement was the most common localization (61%). The diagnosis of protrusive disc herniation was made in 29% of patients, associated with radicular conflict in 70% of cases. Four patients were declared fit to drive, whereas 58% of the PDs were excluded from professional driving. Three drivers benefited from a workstation adjustment with avoidance of long journeys.

Discussion
The high prevalence of rachialgia among PDs may be explained by an anomaly of the spine not detected during the recruitment visit, which could be aggravated by exposure to vibrations.

Conclusions
Spinal pain seems to be a reason for unfitness to work among PDs. Regular monitoring and detection of risk factors are necessary in order to preserve PDs health.
P-624 DECLARATIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL BILATERAL CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME IN TUNISIAN ACTIVE WORKERS IN THE PRIVATE INDUSTRIES
Authors: Grissa Ons , Rassas Ines , Hayouni Marouen , Machghoul Samia , Amri Charfeddine , Chaari Neila , Akrout Mohamed , Henchi Adnene , Merchaoui Irtyah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The increasing number of Bilateral Carpel Tunnel Syndrome (BCTS) is an emergent problem, leading to heavier occupational burden and increasing economic costs. Our aim is to describe socio-demographic, medical and occupational characteristics of reported occupational bilateral Carpel Tunnel Syndrome.

Methods
A multicenter retrospective study was conducted to investigate all reported occupational Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome declarations from January 2005 to December 2016.

Results
Most of BCTS declarations were those of female workers (sex ratio=0.07) with an average reporting age of 44.2 ± 7 years. Textile and clothing manufacture represented 69% of declarations. The most concerned region was the central district (62.4%). Occupational health physicians reported 71.9 % of all initial medical certificates from whom 76.7% were recognized as occupational diseases. Main reasons of rejection were “Do not apply to the medical criteria” (44.4%) and “Do not apply to the occupational exposure criteria” (23.2%). In 58.5% of the declared BCTS, no complementary medical explorations were performed, while the electromyography was carried out in 39.5% of cases.

Discussion
This study indicates that the majority of reported BCTS were those of female workers. In fact, biological, kinematic and electromyographic differences would lead to higher musculoskeletal loads among women. Main reasons of declarations rejection were the lack of meeting medical and occupational exposure criteria. This could be related to the status of the reporting physician.

Conclusion
Our findings re-enforce the promotion of ergonomic interventions at workplace as well as the establishment of a national healthcare program to raise workers awareness about occupational BCTS in Tunisia.
P-625 NON-STANDARD FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT AMONG PEOPLE WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN SWEDEN: A SURVEY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Machado Alejandra , Friberg Emilie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
People with multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) are less likely to be in paid work, mainly as the disease progresses. Non-standard forms of employment (hourly wage, seasonal, substitute or temporal employment, among others) may be considered an alternative. We aim to explore the current work status of PwMS according to their health and occupation.

Methods
A web-based survey was sent out during the summer of 2021, to all individuals of working ages (20-50 years) listed in the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis register. Closed and open responses were analysed through descriptive methods after performing qualitative procedures (occupational sector categorization was based on the Standard Swedish Occupational Classification, SSYK-12).

Results
From 4412 respondents, 68.8% reported fixed-employment, no employment (5.6%) or did not respond (18.4%), while the rest reported temporarily (3.6%), hourly (1.5%) or other type of employment (1.7%). The majority of PwMS on non-standard employments (95.7%) reported having a somewhat, good or very good health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Health, Education and Sales/Service sectors were significantly predominant among temporarily and hourly employments. Furthermore, shifting working hours were more common among hourly (35.4%) and temporarily employment (15.8%) compared to the rest of types of employment.

Discussion
Fix employment was reported by most of the PwMS in Sweden, while non-standard employments are less frequent. These types of employments are common among professions like nurses, care of elderly, teachers or salesperson, who also perform more shift works in comparison to fix employment.

Conclusion
Non-standard employments among PwMS are infrequent. Those with this form of employment have specific occupations and good health status.
P-626 ASSESSMENT OF A NEW LORRY DESIGN FOR THE KERBSIDE WASTE COLLECTION
Authors: Silvetti Alessio , Fiori Lorenzo , Tatarelli Antonella , Papale Adriano , Varrecchia Tiwana , Ranavolo Giorgia Chini Alberto , Fiorelli Ari , Tranfo Giovanna , Draicchio Francesco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Paper aims to investigate the redesign of a lorry to reduce biomechanical load in kerbside waste collection workers. Two workers (one for gender) simulated unloading 10kg bins inside a lorry using five techniques at different heights (105, 135, 145, 185, 200cm) and horizontal distances (5, 35cm).

Methods
We used sEMG to calculate bilateral mean muscle activity as percentage of Maximum Voluntary Contraction (%MVC) from Anterior Deltoideus, Lateral Deltoideus, Upper Trapezius, and Erector Spinae.

Results
Workers refused to test 200cm for its height. Trunk muscles of both workers had highest %MVC at 145cm. For male, 105 and 135 showed the lowest %MVC values (16% ESdx, 23% ESsx). For woman, techniques less overloading were 105 and 185cm. Combined %MVC values were still high (65%). Both workers showed the lowest shoulders %MVC at 105cm. Man had the highest anterior deltoids %MVCs at 145cm; both trapezius showed the highest overall %MVC at 145 and 185cm. Woman had the highest shoulder %MVC on left side at 145cm; all TRdx values exceeded 40%. The most overloading height was 185cm.

Conclusions
Findings revealed negative and positive effects. Negative concern to pull a wire for opening the lorry’s backdoor at 145cm. The wire involves biomechanical load on shoulders. Handling at 145 also results in high %MVC dues to increased horizontal distance (35cm). Positive, concern lowering whole lorry to reduce lower limbs load in repeated hop on hop off task and a reduced handling height of container (135cm Vs. 105cm). Despite improvements biomechanical risk remains high. Acknowledgment Rubes Triva Foundation promoted this paper.
Dynamical properties of mildly relativistic ejecta produced by the mass-loading of gamma-ray burst jets in dense ambient media
Authors: Suzuki Akihiro , Irwin Christopher M , Maeda Keiichi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present the results of a series of 3D special relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet in a massive circumstellar medium (CSM) surrounding the progenitor star. Our simulations reproduce the jet morphology transitioning from a well-collimated state to a thermal pressure-driven state for a range of CSM masses and outer radii. The jet–CSM interaction redistributes the jet energy to materials expanding into a wide solid angle and results in a quasi-spherical ejecta with four-velocities from $\Gamma \beta \simeq 0.1$ to 10. The mass and kinetic energy of the ejecta with velocities faster than $0.1c$ are typically of the order of $0.1\, M_{\odot }$ and $10^{51}\:\mbox{erg}$ with only a weak dependence on the CSM mass and radius for the explored CSM parameter ranges. We find that the numerically obtained density structure of the mildly relativistic ejecta is remarkably universal. The radial density profile is well approximated as a power-law function of the radial velocity with an index of $-5$, $\rho \propto v^{-5}$, in agreement with our previous simulations and other studies, as well as those suggested from recent studies on early-phase spectra of supernovae associated with GRBs. Such fast ejecta rapidly becomes transparent following its expansion. Gradually releasing the trapped thermal photons, the ejecta gives rise to bright UV–optical emission within ${\sim} 1\:$d. We discuss the potential link of the relativistic ejecta resulting from jet–CSM interaction to GRB-associated supernovae as well as fast and blue optical transients.
Effect of Routine Nurse Caregiving on the Stress Responses and Behavior State in Preterm Infants
Authors: Cistone Nicole , Pickler Rita H. , Fortney Christine A. , Nist Marliese D. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Although routine nurse caregiving is vital for the overall health of preterm infants, variations in approaches may exert distinct effects on preterm infants’ stress responses and behavior state.

Purpose:
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine routine nurse caregiving in the neonatal intensive care unit and its effect on stress responses and behavior state in preterm infants.

Data Sources:
A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL for studies published between 2013 and 2023.

Study Selection:
Included studies enrolled preterm infants born <37 weeks gestational age and investigated nurse caregiving practices and effects on stress responses and/or behavior state.

Data Extraction:
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, data about study design, methods, findings, and limitations were extracted and summarized. Included studies were evaluated for bias using the National Health, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tools.

Results:
All 13 studies included in the review received a fair quality rating. Nurse caregiving activities, including suctioning, diaper changes, bathing, and weighing, were associated with increases in heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, energy expenditure, and motor responses, lower oxygen saturations, and fewer sleep states.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Adapting nurse caregiving frequency and duration, aligning caregiving with infant state, and integrating developmental care strategies may reduce infant stress responses and support behavioral rest. Further research is needed to understand how caregiving activities affect stress responses and behavior state in preterm infants, aiding in identifying modifiable caregiving stressors to promote optimal development.
Time to Positive Blood Cultures Among Critically Ill Children Admitted to the PICU
Authors: Yasechko Stephanie M. , Hillyer Margot M. , Smith Alison G. C. , Rodenbough Anna L. , Fernandez Alfred J. , Gonzalez Mark D. , Jaggi Preeti 
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Our study aimed to assess the time to positivity (TTP) of clinically significant blood cultures in critically ill children admitted to the PICU.

DESIGN:
Retrospective review of positive blood cultures in patients admitted or transferred to the PICU.

SETTING:
Large tertiary-care medical center with over 90 PICU beds.

PATIENTS:
Patients 0–20 years old with bacteremia admitted or transferred to the PICU.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary endpoint was the TTP, defined as time from blood culture draw to initial Gram stain result. Secondary endpoints included percentage of cultures reported by elapsed time, as well as the impact of pathogen and host immune status on TTP. Host immune status was classified as previously healthy, standard risk, or immunocompromised. Linear regression for TTP was performed to account for age, blood volume, and Gram stain. Among 164 episodes of clinically significant bacteremia, the median TTP was 13.3 hours (interquartile range, 10.7–16.8 hr). Enterobacterales, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were most commonly identified. By 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours, 37%, 89%, 95%, and 97% of positive cultures had resulted positive, respectively. Median TTP stratified by host immune status was 13.2 hours for previously healthy patients, 14.0 hours for those considered standard risk, and 10.6 hours for immunocompromised patients (p = 0.001). Median TTP was found to be independent of blood volume. No difference was seen in TTP for Gram-negative vs. Gram-positive organisms (12.2 vs. 13.9 hr; p = 0.2).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among critically ill children, 95% of clinically significant blood cultures had an initial positive result within 36 hours, regardless of host immune status. Need for antimicrobial therapy should be frequently reassessed and implementation of a shorter duration of empiric antibiotics should be considered in patients with low suspicion for infection.
Interhospital Transfer of Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure in the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ludwig Amy , Slota Jennifer , Nunes Denise A. , Vranas Kelly C. , Kruser Jacqueline M. , Scott Kelli S. , Huang Reiping , Johnson Julie K. , Lagu Tara C. , Nadig Nandita R. 
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Interhospital transfer of patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) is relevant in the current landscape of critical care delivery. However, current transfer practices for patients with ARF are highly variable, poorly formalized, and lack evidence. We aim to synthesize the existing evidence, identify knowledge gaps, and highlight persisting questions related to interhospital transfer of patients with ARF.

DATA SOURCES:
Ovid Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and American Psychological Association.

STUDY SELECTION:
We included studies that evaluated or described hospital transfers of adult (age > 18) patients with ARF between January 2020 and 2024 conducted in the United States. Using predetermined search terms and strategies, a total of 3369 articles were found across all databases. After deduplication, 1748 abstracts were screened by authors with 45 articles that advanced to full-text review. This yielded 16 studies that fit our inclusion criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION:
The studies were reviewed in accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews by three authors.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Included studies were mostly retrospective analyses of heterogeneous patients with various etiologies and severity of ARF. Overall, transferred patients were younger, had high severity of illness, and were more likely to have commercial insurance compared with nontransferred cohorts. There is a paucity of data examining why patients get transferred. Studies that retrospectively evaluated outcomes between transferred and nontransferred cohorts found no differences in mortality, although transferred patients have a longer length of stay. There is limited evidence to suggest that patients transferred early in their course have improved outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our scoping review highlights the sparse evidence and the urgent need for further research into understanding the complexity behind ARF transfers. Future studies should focus on defining best practices to inform clinical decision-making and improve downstream outcomes.
Paediatric antiretroviral therapy challenges with emerging integrase resistance
Authors: Bamford Alasdair , Hamzah Lisa , Turkova Anna 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Universal antiretroviral (ART) coverage and virological suppression are fundamental to ending AIDS in children by 2030. Availability of new paediatric dolutegravir (DTG)-based ART formulations is a major breakthrough and will undoubtedly help achieve this goal, but treatment challenges still remain.

Recent findings
Paediatric formulations remain limited compared to those for adults, especially for young children, those unable to tolerate DTG or with DTG-based first-line ART failure. Tenofovir alafenamide is virologically superior to standard-of-care backbone drugs in second-line, but paediatric formulations are not widely available. The roles of resistance testing and recycling of backbone drugs following first-line ART failure remain to be determined. Results of trials of novel treatment strategies including dual therapy and long-acting agents are awaited. Although numbers are currently small, safe and effective ART options are urgently required for children developing DTG resistance.

Summary
The antiretroviral treatment gap between adults and children persists. The potential benefits from rollout of new paediatric DTG-based fixed-dose combination ART for first-line treatment are considerable. However, children remain disadvantaged when DTG-based first-line ART fails or cannot be used. Research efforts to address this inequity require prioritisation in order to ensure health outcomes are optimised for all ages in all settings.
The Concentration of Uranium-238 in Soil Samples from the Central Maysan Governorate Determined Using ICP-MS
Authors: Ahmed Anaheed , Salman Thaer M. , Algrifi Mostafa A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this particular investigation, 30 surface soil samples taken from various locations across the Middle Omara governorate in southeastern Iraq were analyzed using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), and several of these, as far as the researchers know, had never been analyzed previously. The results are presented and compared with those from a different study. The studied soil samples had <100 ppm of uranium, which shows they are composed of overloads and garbage rather than mineable stocks. This article describes and assesses the uranium content in the Middle Omara Governorates. Additionally, all 30 exposed earth samples had uranium below the detection threshold. The results show that the samples of surface soils under investigation have uranium concentrations below the permissible maximum (11.7 ppm) established by UNSCEAR in 1993.
Fluid aspiration from intraretinal cysts for refractory diabetic macular edema
Authors: Ishikawa Keijiro , Nakao Shintaro , Mori Kenichiro , Fukuda Yosuke , Kiyohara Kohei , Yasaka Yuta , Yuge Kodai , Notomi Shoji , Sonoda Koh-Hei 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE:
To report the surgical outcome of fluid aspiration in intraretinal cysts as a novel treatment approach for the refractory cystoid macular edema (CME) associated with diabetic retinopathy.

METHODS:
This retrospective consecutive case series examined eight patients with refractory CME who underwent intraretinal cyst fluid aspiration using a 38-gauge subretinal infusion needle during pars plana vitrectomy. We reviewed changes in central retinal thickness (CRT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and central sensitivity among patients followed up for 12 months post-surgery.

RESULTS:
CRT on optical coherence tomography (μm) significantly improved at 12 months post-surgery (308 ± 99) compared to before surgery (480 ± 141) (P < 0.005). During the follow-up period, CME relapsed in one eye. The BCVA (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) at 12 months post-surgery (0.23 ± 0.32, Snellen equivalent: 20/50) was significantly better than the preoperative BCVA (0.39 ± 0.29, Snellen equivalent: 20/63) (P < 0.01). The mean deviation value of central sensitivity did not significantly change between preoperative (-2.5 ± 2.1) and postoperative (-2.2 ± 2.2) assessments (P = 0.07).

CONCLUSIONS:
Fluid aspiration in intraretinal cysts may be a treatment option for refractory CME in eyes with diabetes.