bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction in Inappropriate ICD Therapy in MADIT‐RIT Patients Without History of Atrial Tachyarrhythmia
Authors: KUTYIFA VALENTINA , MOSS ARTHUR J. , SCHUGER CLAUDIO , MCNITT SCOTT , POLONSKY BRONISLAVA , RUWALD ANNE‐CHRISTINE H. , RUWALD MARTIN H. , DAUBERT JAMES P. , ZAREBA WOJCIECH 
Published: April 2015

Atrial Arrhythmia History in MADIT‐RITBackgroundThere are limited data whether history of atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) modifies the risk of inappropriate ICD therapy, or the efficacy of novel ICD programming to reduce inappropriate ICD therapy events.MethodsIn MADIT‐RIT, we investigated the effects of novel ICD programming with high‐rate cut‐off VT zone ≥ 200 bpm (arm B), or 60‐second delayed therapy in the VT zone 170–199 bpm (arm C), compared to conventional programming VT zone>170 bpm (arm A) on first inappropriate ICD therapy in those with or those without AT prior to enrollment.ResultsIn patients with prior AT (n = 203, 14%) there was a higher risk of inappropriate ICD therapy (HR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.38–3.20, P < 0.001), and inappropriate ICD shock (HR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.38–4.74, P = 0.003) compared to those with no prior AT. The effects of innovative programming to reduce inappropriate ICD therapy with either high‐rate cut‐off or delayed VT therapy were similar in patients with prior AT (arm B vs. A HR = 0.11, P < 0.001, arm C vs. A HR = 0.17, P < 0.001), and also in patients without prior AT before enrollment (arm B vs. A HR = 0.15, P < 0.001, arm C vs. A HR = 0.24, P < 0.001, interaction P‐values >0.10 for all).ConclusionsNovel ICD programming with a high‐rate cut‐off or delayed therapy is equally beneficial to reduce inappropriate ICD therapy in patients with or without prior AT, despite the lower risk of inappropriate ICD therapy in patients without prior AT.
Association Between Healthy Diet and Exercise and Greater Muscle Mass in Older Adults
Authors: Kim Jinhee , Lee Yunhwan , Kye Seunghee , Chung Yoon‐Sok , Kim Kwang‐Min 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the association between healthy diet and exercise, individually and combined, and low muscle mass in older Korean adults.DesignPopulation‐based cross‐sectional study from the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2008 to 2011.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsNationally representative sample aged 65 and older (1,486 men, 1,799 women) in the Republic of Korea.MeasurementsA food frequency questionnaire was used to determine frequency of food group consumption (meat, fish, eggs, legumes; vegetables; fruits). Participation in exercise (aerobic and resistance) was based on self‐report. Combined healthy lifestyle factors were calculated as the number of recommendations met regarding consumption of food groups and exercise performed. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and low muscle mass was defined using the variable of ASM adjusted for weight. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between healthy lifestyle factors and low muscle mass, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and health‐related variables.ResultsIn women, after controlling for covariates, vegetable consumption (odds ratio (OR) = 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30–0.89) and aerobic exercise (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.39–1.00) were inversely associated with low muscle mass. Also, the odds of low muscle mass was lower in women with three or more healthy lifestyle factors versus none (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.23–0.87). In men, there were no associations between food group consumption and exercise and low muscle mass.ConclusionOlder women who exercise and consume a healthy diet have lower odds of low muscle mass. Engaging in multiple healthy behaviors may be important in preventing low muscle mass in late life.
Interprofessional Education in Canada: Addressing Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes Concerning Intellectual Disability for Future Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Jones Jessica , McQueen Meg , Lowe Samantha , Minnes Patricia , Rischke Alexis 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWith the deinstitutionalization movement in Canada, healthcare professionals are caring for a greater number of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) in their practices, and inevitably require additional training to provide this care. Queen's University has responded to this need and developed an innovative educational course promoting interprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional practice (IPC) as it relates to ID curriculum and healthcare provision. This study measured healthcare students’ change in knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward individuals with ID and how it affected their readiness for interprofessional care. Subjects were graduate students from the fields of medicine, nursing, clinical psychology, occupational therapy, and physiotherapy. Course curriculum developed used a blended teaching approach with a combination of online learning, lectures, team‐based problem solving, and client interviews. Evaluation was completed on 247 students, utilizing a pre‐post course questionnaire addressing content areas of knowledge, skills, and attitude, and by analyzing individual professional differences. Significant differences were found, indicating improvements in student knowledge and skills for the majority of disciplines after course participation. A positive trend was found in outcome responses for student attitudinal change, ranging from neutral to positive attributions about individuals with ID. Authors note improvements in student learning and positive attitudinal change following an educational course concerning optimal healthcare and collaborative practice in ID. They propose that an interprofessional blended training curriculum for future healthcare professionals can foster best practice and quality service for this currently underserved population.
Republic of Ghana's Policy on Inclusive Education and Definitions of Disability
Authors: Lamptey De‐Lawrence , Villeneuve Michelle , Minnes Patricia , McColl Mary Ann 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe World Report on Disability addresses the education of students with disabilities and recommends that institutional transformation is needed to facilitate inclusive education. The success of inclusive education depends largely on a country's commitment to adopting appropriate legislation, developing policies, and providing adequate funding for implementation. The Republic of Ghana's policies include children with “nonsevere special education needs” in mainstream schools. The authors examine the definition of disability employed in Ghana's policies to assess whether students with intellectual and developmental disabilities are eligible to benefit from these provisions. Ghanaian government and relevant disability‐based organizations' documents related to disability and education were identified and examined as to how the policies support inclusion. The definitions were reviewed via the use of a biomedical or social perspective of disability. Of seven policy documents reviewed, three defined disability and the definitions reflected the biomedical perspective of disability. In the absence of definitions of disability in the majority of the Ghanaian policy documents reviewed, it is difficult to determine which children and with what types of disability will qualify to benefit from their provisions.
World Report on Disability, Intellectual Disabilities, and Disaster Preparedness:CostaRica as a Case Example
Authors: Stough Laura M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe World Report on Disability relates concerns about the experiences of individuals with intellectual disability in disaster situations. Disaster planning related to people with intellectual disability needs to consider that (1) they experience disproportionate risk in disaster situations, (2) they are often excluded from relief processes and are disadvantaged in disaster support situations, (3) they may need specialized disability‐related supports, (4) they often have needs for assistive technology and special rehabilitative services, (5) family and community networks are important supports in disaster situations, and (6) during recovery, rebuilding should be inclusive and include disability needs. Thus, people with intellectual disabilities are more likely to need additional assistance during evacuation, experience more tangible losses during disaster, and require more intensive support in the recovery phase following disaster. Enabling access to mainstream systems and services, improving human resource capacity, and providing adequate funding for recovery and disaster mitigation are strategies to increase disaster resilience for individuals with intellectual disabilities.CostaRica is one country that has designed emergency disaster management policies and incorporated disability rights policies that cut across governmental functions and promote interagency cooperation. Having such policy structures and legislative supports are advantageous for people with intellectual disability, whose support needs often cut across different functional areas.
Black‐spotted pond frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) on the Chinese Loess Plateau represents a cryptic species: Evidence from molecular phylogeny and ecological niche modeling
Authors: Ma De , Liu Hua‐Tao , Ji Ya‐Jie , Shi Cheng‐Min , Yang Yu‐Hui , Zhang De‐Xing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe black‐spotted pond frogPelophylax nigromaculatusis a typical temperate‐adapted amphibian species, largely endemic to East Asia. It occurs from central, east, and northeast China, to the Russian Far East, the Korean Peninsula, and part of Japan. So far, little is known about this frog from the Loess Plateau, a region that has experienced profound changes in climate and environment since the late Miocene. Particularly, between the Loess Plateau and the North China Plain, stand the Lüliang and Taihang mountain ranges, which form an important geographical divide in East China. Therefore, frogs from the Loess Plateau are indispensable for understanding the biogeography and evolution of this species. In this study, a total of 933 specimens ofP. nigromaculatuscollected range‐wide were sequenced for the mitochondrialCyt bgene, with 345 of them being genotyped at 10 nuclear microsatellite loci. Both mitochondrial and microsatellite data resolved four major frog clades: (i) Loess Plateau clade, containing only frogs from the Loess Plateau; (ii) East China clade, containing frogs from the rest of China except those from the Liaodong Peninsula; (iii) Peninsulas clade, comprising frogs from the Korean Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula; and (iv) Japan clade. Frogs from the Loess Plateau have deeply diverged from frogs in the remaining regions, with 11.5%–13.1% sequence divergence, which is comparable to distances between congeneric ranid species. Ecological niche modeling analysis showed that the potential distribution ranges of the Loess Plateau frogs and the non‐Loess Plateau frogs are rather different; niche identity testing indicated that the environmental niches of frogs from the Loess Plateau and other regions are not equivalent. Our data thus suggest that the Loess Plateau frogs represent a cryptic species. The uplift of the Lüliang Mountains was the most plausible trigger of this cryptic diversification.
Key components of financial‐analysis education for clinical nurses
Authors: Lim Ji Young , Noh Wonjung 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this study, we identified key components of financial‐analysis education for clinical nurses. We used a literature review, focus group discussions, and a content validity index survey to develop key components of financial‐analysis education. First, a wide range of references were reviewed, and 55 financial‐analysis education components were gathered. Second, two focus group discussions were performed; the participants were 11 nurses who had worked for more than 3 years in a hospital, and nine components were agreed upon. Third, 12 professionals, including professors, nurse executive, nurse managers, and an accountant, participated in the content validity index. Finally, six key components of financial‐analysis education were selected. These key components were as follows: understanding the need for financial analysis, introduction to financial analysis, reading and implementing balance sheets, reading and implementing income statements, understanding the concepts of financial ratios, and interpretation and practice of financial ratio analysis. The results of this study will be used to develop an education program to increase financial‐management competency among clinical nurses.
Combining modelling and experimental approaches to explain how calcium signatures are decoded by calmodulin‐binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) to produce specific gene expression responses
Authors: Liu Junli , Whalley Helen J. , Knight Marc R. 
Published: April 2015

Summary

Experimental data show that Arabidopsis thaliana is able to decode different calcium signatures to produce specific gene expression responses. It is also known that calmodulin‐binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) have calmodulin (CaM)‐binding domains. Therefore, the gene expression responses regulated by CAMTAs respond to calcium signals. However, little is known about how different calcium signatures are decoded by CAMTAs to produce specific gene expression responses.

A dynamic model of Ca2+–CaM–CAMTA binding and gene expression responses is developed following thermodynamic and kinetic principles. The model is parameterized using experimental data. Then it is used to analyse how different calcium signatures are decoded by CAMTAs to produce specific gene expression responses.

Modelling analysis reveals that: calcium signals in the form of cytosolic calcium concentration elevations are nonlinearly amplified by binding of Ca2+, CaM and CAMTAs; amplification of Ca2+ signals enables calcium signatures to be decoded to give specific CAMTA‐regulated gene expression responses; gene expression responses to a calcium signature depend upon its history and accumulate all the information during the lifetime of the calcium signature.

Information flow from calcium signatures to CAMTA‐regulated gene expression responses has been established by combining experimental data with mathematical modelling.
A randomized multi‐institutional crossover comparison of the GlideScope® Cobalt Video laryngoscope to the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope in a Pierre Robin manikin
Authors: Fiadjoe John E. , Hirschfeld Matthew , Wu Stephan , Markley James , Gurnaney Harshad , Jawad Abbas F. , Stricker Paul , Kilbaugh Todd , Ross Patrick , Kovatsis Pete 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe GlideScope Cobalt Video laryngoscope is being used more often in children with challenging laryngoscopy. There are, however, no pediatric trials comparing it to flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy, the current accepted gold standard. This preliminary manikin study compares the first‐attempt intubation success of the GlideScope Cobalt video laryngoscope to the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope when performed by attending pediatric anesthesiologists at two major pediatric centers.MethodsThis prospective randomized, crossover study evaluated 120 attempts (60 with each study device) to intubate the AirSim Pierre Robin manikin (PRM) with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and video laryngoscopy (VL). Attending pediatric anesthesiologists from two quaternary pediatric centers were eligible to participate. Each attending anesthesiologist randomly performed a single tracheal intubation attempt with one of the study devices followed by the alternate method. The primary outcome was the first‐attempt success rate of tracheal intubation. Blinding was not feasible. We hypothesized that first‐attempt success would be higher with fiberoptic bronchoscopy.ResultsThirty anesthesiologists from each center were randomized to use one of the study devices followed by the alternate method. We analyzed all participants' data. There was no overall difference in first‐attempt success between VL and fiberoptic bronchoscopy (88.3% vs 85% respectively, P = 0.59). There were significant institutional differences in first‐attempt success using VL (76.7% vs 100%).ConclusionsThere was no difference in first‐attempt success of tracheal intubation using VL vs fiberoptic bronchoscopy when performed by attending anesthesiologists at two large pediatric centers. However, institutional differences exist in success rates with VL across the two centers. Results from single‐center device evaluations should be verified by multi‐center evaluations. A significant proportion of attending anesthesiologists lack experience with advanced airway devices; targeted education may enhance intubation success and patient safety.
Recent change in congenital syphilis in Korea: Retrospective 10 year study
Authors: Kang Sung‐Han , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Choi Sun‐Hee , Lee Jin , Yoon Hoi Soo , Cha Sung‐Ho , Choi Yong‐Sung 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to evaluate recent clinical and anthropologic features of neonates with reactive serology for syphilis and their mothers from three institutions in Korea over an 11‐year‐period.MethodThe medical records of 20 neonates with reactive serology for syphilis and their mothers at three centers (Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, and Korea Electric Power Corporation Hospital) seen between January 2000 and December 2010 were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsAmong 20 mothers, 16 (80%) were native Korean and four (20%) were foreign‐born immigrants. Two mothers (10%) were unmarried. The annual distribution of cases was three (15%) in 2000, one each (5%) in 2005 and 2006, respectively, two each (10%) in 2007 and 2008, respectively, six (30%) in 2009, and five (25%) in 2010. Just over half (55%) occurred across 2009 and 2010. All neonates, by definition, were diagnosed with presumptive congenital syphilis (CS). Among the neonates, four had positive cerebrospinal fluid venereal disease research laboratory test, and three exhibited symptoms and signs.ConclusionsIn three centers in Seoul, Korea, the observed number of CS cases was higher in 2009 and 2010 than in previous years. This finding is consistent with a trend toward increasing prevalence of international marriage and suggests that more meticulous screening of CS is needed.
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure of South African Marathon Runners During Competition Marathon Runs and Training Sessions: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Nurse Victoria , Wright Caradee Y. , Allen Martin , McKenzie Richard L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMarathon runners spend considerable time in outdoor training for and participating in marathons. Outdoor runners may experience high solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. South Africa, where running is popular, experiences high ambient solar UVR levels that may be associated with adverse health effects. This feasibility study explores the use of personal dosimeters to determine solar UVR exposure patterns and possible related acute health risks of four marathon runners during marathons and training sessions in Cape Town and Pretoria. Runners running marathons that started early in the day, and that did not exceed 4 hours, yielded low total solar UVR exposure doses (mean 0.093 SED per exposure period run, median 0.088 SED, range 0.062–0.136 SED; average of 16.54% of ambient solar UVR). Training sessions run during early morning and late afternoon presented similar results. Several challenges hindered analysis including accounting for anatomical position of personal dosimeter and natural shade. To assess health risks, hazard quotients (HQs) were calculated using a hypothetical runner's schedule. Cumulative, annual solar UVR exposure‐calculated acute health risks were low (HQ = 0.024) for training sessions and moderate (HQ = 4.922) for marathon runs. While these data and calculations are based on 18 person‐days, one can measure marathon runners' personal solar UVR exposure although several challenges must be overcome.
Apolipoprotein E genotype modulates effects of vitamin B12 and homocysteine on grey matter volume in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lee Young‐Min , Ha Ji‐Kyung , Park Je‐Min , Lee Byung‐Dae , Moon EunSoo , Chung Young‐In , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Kim Hak‐Jin , Mun Chi‐Woong , Kim Tae‐Hyung , Kim Young‐Hoon 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimsThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether the effects of vitamin B12 and homocysteine on brain volume are influenced by apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. We examined the effects in each subgroup (APOE ε4 carriers and non‐carriers) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and healthy normal controls.MethodsForty participants with AD and 20 healthy normal controls were recruited from memory impairment clinics at Pusan National University Hospital in Korea. All participants were APOE genotyped and underwent magnetic resonance imaging, including 3‐D volumetric images for grey matter (GM) volume. A multiple regression model integrated into statistical parametric mapping was used to see if there was any correlation between vitamin B12 or homocysteine and GM volume in each subgroup (APOE ε4 carriers and non‐carriers) of AD patients and healthy normal controls.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and regional GM volume in APOE ε4 carriers with AD but not in non‐carriers. We also found that there was a significant negative correlation between serum concentrations of homocysteine and regional GM volume in APOE ε4 non‐carriers with AD but not in carriers (P < 0.001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons; extent threshold = 100 voxel).ConclusionThe present findings suggest that the effects of vitamin B12 and homocysteine on GM volume might be influenced by APOE genotype.
Predictors of home discharge among patients hospitalized for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia
Authors: Tochimoto Shinnichi , Kitamura Maki , Hino Shoryoku , Kitamura Tatsuru 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe Japanese government recently announced the ‘Five‐Year Plan for Promotion of Measures Against Dementia (Orange Plan)’ to promote people with dementia living in their communities. To achieve this, it is imperative that patients hospitalized with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are helped to return to their own homes. The aim of the present study was to identify predictors of home discharge among patients hospitalized for BPSD.MethodsA single‐centre chart review study was conducted on consecutive patients hospitalized from home between April 2006 and March 2011 for the treatment of BPSD. The frequency of discharge back to home was examined in relation to a patient's active behavioural problems and demographics at the time of admission. Diagnoses of dementia were made on the basis of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, and consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies.ResultsIn all, 391 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these patients, 163 (42%) returned home. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified high Mini‐Mental State Examination and Nishimura‐style senile activities of daily living scores as significant independent predictors of home discharge. In contrast, living alone and manifestation of aggressiveness at the time of admission were negatively associated with home discharge.ConclusionsFew patients hospitalized for BPSD are discharged home, and this number is affected by a patient's clinical and demographic characteristics at the time of admission. These findings should be considered in designing and implementing optimal management and care strategies for patients with BPSD.