bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informing Deep Argo Array Design Using Argo and Full-Depth Hydrographic Section Data
Authors: Johnson Gregory C. , Lyman John M. , Purkey Sarah G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractData from full-depth closely sampled hydrographic sections and Argo floats are analyzed to inform the design of a future Deep Argo array. Here standard errors of local decadal temperature trends and global decadal trends of ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level anomalies integrated from 2000 to 6000 dbar are estimated for a hypothetical 5° latitude × 5° longitude × 15-day cycle Deep Argo array. These estimates are made using temperature variances from closely spaced full-depth CTD profiles taken during hydrographic sections. The temperature data along each section are high passed laterally at a 500-km scale, and the resulting variances are averaged in 5° × 5° bins to assess temperature noise levels as a function of pressure and geographic location. A mean global decorrelation time scale of 62 days is estimated using temperature time series at 1800 dbar from Argo floats. The hypothetical Deep Argo array would be capable of resolving, at one standard error, local trends from <1 m °C decade−1 in the quiescent abyssal North Pacific to about 26 m °C decade−1 below 2000 dbar along 50°S in the energetic Southern Ocean. Larger decadal temperature trends have been reported previously in these regions using repeat hydrographic section data, but those very sparse data required substantial spatial averaging to obtain statistically significant results. Furthermore, the array would provide decadal global ocean heat content trend estimates from 2000 to 6000 dbar with a standard error of ±3 TW, compared to a trend standard error of ±17 TW from a previous analysis of repeat hydrographic data.
Statistical Postprocessing of Ensemble Precipitation Forecasts by Fitting Censored, Shifted Gamma Distributions*
Authors: Scheuerer Michael , Hamill Thomas M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A parametric statistical postprocessing method is presented that transforms raw (and frequently biased) ensemble forecasts from the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) into reliable predictive probability distributions for precipitation accumulations. Exploratory analysis based on 12 years of reforecast data and ⅛° climatology-calibrated precipitation analyses shows that censored, shifted gamma distributions can well approximate the conditional distribution of observed precipitation accumulations given the ensemble forecasts. A nonhomogeneous regression model is set up to link the parameters of this distribution to ensemble statistics that summarize the mean and spread of predicted precipitation amounts within a certain neighborhood of the location of interest, and in addition the predicted mean of precipitable water. The proposed method is demonstrated with precipitation reforecasts over the conterminous United States using common metrics such as Brier skill scores and reliability diagrams. It yields probabilistic forecasts that are reliable, highly skillful, and sharper than the previously demonstrated analog procedure. In situations with limited predictability, increasing the size of the neighborhood within which ensemble forecasts are considered as predictors can further improve forecast skill. It is found, however, that even a parametric postprocessing approach crucially relies on the availability of a sufficiently large training dataset.
Talking About Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Myers Melanie F. , Fernandes Sara L. , Arduser Lora , Hopper Jennifer L. , Koehly Laura M. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe type 2 diabetes (T2DM) communication and risk reduction recommendations from the perspective of family members at risk for T2DM based on family history. Methods Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 33 individuals with a first-degree relative with T2DM. Participants were recruited from the community and a previous pharmacogenetics study. Deductive and inductive codes were applied to the transcripts. Results Conversations with family members with and without T2DM focused on symptoms and disease management of the family member with T2DM. With at-risk relatives, conversations also focused on prevention. Lack of perceived relevance to family members without T2DM was a barrier to communication. Recommendations to facilitate communication included education of an at-risk family member to increase awareness of risk, followed by sharing of learned information with others. Conclusion Efforts are needed to increase awareness and improve communication about T2DM risk factors, familial risk, and risk reduction behaviors within families with a family history of T2DM. Family members with and without T2DM should be encouraged to communicate with their relatives about T2DM and the risk to family members. Identification of family members who can facilitate communication, education, and modeling of healthy behaviors may increase awareness and motivate at-risk individuals to engage in risk-reducing behaviors.
Early Infant Development and Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Sacrey Lori-Ann R. , Bennett Jeffrey A. , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie 
Published: September 2015

Objective: The objective is to overview recent findings on early detection/diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders, as well as clinical trials of early interventions for toddlers at risk for/diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Findings: Prospective studies of infants at high risk of autism spectrum disorder have yielded significant advances in understanding early development in autism spectrum disorder. Findings from prospective studies indicate that abnormalities in social communication and repetitive behaviors emerge during the second year, whereas additional “prodromal features” (motor and sensory abnormalities) emerge in the first year. Subsequently, exciting progress has been made in establishing the efficacy of autism spectrum disorder–specific interventions for toddlers as young as 15 months. Finally, efforts occur to characterize autism spectrum disorder–specific characteristics in genetic syndromes with concurrent autism spectrum disorder symptomatology. Conclusion: Substantial progress in characterizing early developmental trajectories as well as the identification of specific behavioral markers has aided early detection. Work remains to ensure that research findings are translated into clinical practice for uptake in the health care system.
Availability of Heart Failure Medications in Hospice Care
Authors: Lum Hillary D. , Horney Carolyn , Koets David , Kutner Jean S. , Matlock Daniel D. 
Published: September 2015

Background: Availability of cardiac medications in hospice for acute symptom management of heart failure is unknown. This study explored hospice approaches to cardiac medications for patients with heart failure. Methods: Descriptive study using a quantitative survey of 46 US hospice agencies and clinician interviews. Results: Of 31 hospices that provided standard home medication kits for acute symptom management, only 1 provided medication with cardiac indications (oral furosemide). Only 22% of the hospice agencies had a specific cardiac medication kit. Just over half (57%) of the agencies could provide intravenous inotropic therapy, often in multiple hospice settings. Clinicians described an individualized approach to cardiac medications for patients with heart failure. Conclusion: This study highlights opportunities for practice guidelines that inform medical therapy for hospice patients with heart failure.
Acquired Isolated FVII Deficiency
Authors: Girolami Antonio , Santarossa Claudia , Cosi Elisabetta , Ferrari Silvia , Lombardi Anna Maria 
Published: September 2015

Objective: To investigate all cases of isolated factor VII (FVII) deficiency as gathered from personal files or by a PubMed search. Patients and Methods: Personal files dealing with patients studied in Padua during the years 1970 to 2010 were reevaluated. The PubMed search was time unlimited and was carried on 2 occasions during 2014. Cross-checking of the references, listed in every article, was also carried out to avoid omissions. Inclusion criteria were isolated FVII defect of less than 40% of normal, negative coagulation pattern in the family, normal level of other vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, and normalization of the clotting factor after the therapeutic procedures, unless the patient died. Results: Twenty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria (18 male and 9 female, in 2 cases gender was unreported). This number included 1 personal case. Mean age was 37.9 (range 3-80). Underlying diseases were the following: neoplasia, infections, polytrauma, penicillin administration, nephrotic syndrome Wiskott Aldrich syndrome, and left heart failure (1 case, each); 2 patients had no underlying disease. Bleeding was variable but usually mild. There were 11 fatalities. Conclusions: Isolated FVII deficiency is a rare defect, which appears to be a finding associated with several morbid conditions, especially sepsis and tumors. This indicates the need for a careful investigation of even a mild prolongation of prothrombin time, especially when fibrinogen and partial thromboplastin time are normal.
Performance Comparison of CGM Systems
Authors: Kirchsteiger Harald , Heinemann Lutz , Freckmann Guido , Lodwig Volker , Schmelzeisen-Redeker Günther , Schoemaker Michael , del Re Luigi 
Published: September 2015

Background: The ongoing progress of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems results in an increasing interest in comparing their performance, in particular in terms of accuracy, that is, matching CGM readings with reference values measured at the same time. Most often accuracy is evaluated by the mean absolute relative difference (MARD). It is frequently overseen that MARD does not only reflect accuracy, but also the study protocol and evaluation procedure, making a cross-study comparison problematic. Methods: We evaluate the effect of several factors on the MARD statistical properties: number of paired reference and CGM values, distribution of the paired values, accuracy of the reference measurement device itself and the time delay between data pairs. All analysis is done using clinical data from 12 patients wearing 6 sensors each. Results: We have found that a few paired points can have a potentially high impact on MARD. Leaving out those points for evaluation thus reduces the MARD. Similarly, accuracy of the reference measurements greatly affects the MARD as numerical and graphical data show. Results also show that a log-normal distribution of the paired references provides a significantly different MARD than, for example, a uniform distribution. Conclusions: MARD is a reasonable parameter to characterize the performance of CGM systems when keeping its limitations in mind. To support clinicians and patients in selecting which CGM system to use in a clinical setting, care should be taken to make MARD more comparable by employing a standardized evaluation procedure.
MAPK signaling cascades mediate distinct glucocorticoid resistance mechanisms in pediatric leukemia
Authors: Jones Courtney L. , Gearheart Christy M. , Fosmire Susan , Delgado-Martin Cristina , Evensen Nikki A. , Bride Karen , Waanders Angela J. , Pais Faye , Wang Jinhua , Bhatla Teena , Bitterman Danielle S. , de Rijk Simone R. , Bourgeois Wallace , Dandekar Smita , Park Eugene , Burleson Tamara M. , Madhusoodhan Pillai Pallavi , Teachey David T. , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Hermiston Michelle L. , Müschen Markus , Loh Mignon L. , Hunger Stephen P. , Zhang Jinghui , Garabedian Michael J. , Porter Christopher C. , Carroll William L. 
Published: September 2015

Key PointsGenetic or pharmacologic inhibition of MEK4 and MEK2 enhances prednisolone-induced cell death in ALL models. MAPK signaling cascades are activated at relapse compared to diagnosis in ALL samples and have enhanced response to MEK inhibition.
Rap1 and its effector RIAM are required for lymphocyte trafficking
Authors: Su Wenjuan , Wynne Joseph , Pinheiro Elaine M. , Strazza Marianne , Mor Adam , Montenont Emilie , Berger Jeffrey , Paul David S. , Bergmeier Wolfgang , Gertler Frank B. , Philips Mark R. 
Published: September 2015

Key PointsRap1 and its effector RIAM are required for integrin-mediated T-cell adhesion and homing to lymph nodes, but not for T-cell development. RIAM regulates the activation of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 and very late antigen 4 on lymphocytes, but not αIIbβ3 on platelets.
Factor XIIIa-dependent retention of red blood cells in clots is mediated by fibrin α-chain crosslinking
Authors: Byrnes James R. , Duval Cédric , Wang Yiming , Hansen Caroline E. , Ahn Byungwook , Mooberry Micah J. , Clark Martha A. , Johnsen Jill M. , Lord Susan T. , Lam Wilbur A. , Meijers Joost C. M. , Ni Heyu , Ariëns Robert A. S. , Wolberg Alisa S. 
Published: September 2015

Key PointsIn the absence of FXIIIa activity, red blood cells are extruded from clots during clot contraction. Factor XIIIa promotes red blood cell retention in contracting clots by crosslinking fibrin α-chains.
Low B and T lymphocyte attenuator expression on CD4+ T cells in the early stage of sepsis is associated with the severity and mortality of septic patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Shao Rui , Li Chun-Sheng , Fang Yingying , Zhao Lianxing , Hang Chenchen 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an inhibitory receptor, whose primary role in CD4+ T cell is thought to inhibit cytokine production. We explore BTLA expression on CD4+ T cells in healthy controls and septic patients, and assess the correlation of BTLA expression on CD4+ T cells in the early stage of sepsis with the severity and mortality of septic patients in the emergency department (ED).

Methods
336 consecutive patients were included in this study. BTLA expression on CD4+ T cells was measured by flow cytometry within 24h of ED admission.

Results
Our results showed that the percentage of BTLA+/CD4+ T cells was high expression in healthy volunteers and it was statistically reduced in severe sepsis and septic shock compared with healthy controls(all P<0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curves of BTLA expression on CD4+ T cells was slightly lower than that of procalcitonin (PCT) and Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) score. The percentage of BTLA+/CD4+T cells was lower in non-survivors than in survivors (P<0.01), and similar results were obtained when expressed as mean of fluorescence intensities (MFI) (P<0.01). Adjusted logistic regression analysis suggested that the percentage of BTLA+/CD4+ T cells was associated with 28-day mortality in septic patients (odds ratio (OR) = 0.394).

Conclusion
Our study shows that the percentage of BTLA+/CD4+ T cells was high in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, lower percentage of BTLA+/CD4+ T cells during the early stage of sepsis is associated with the severity and the mortality of septic patients.
Fixed point results for generalized F-contractions in modular metric and fuzzy metric spaces
Authors: Hussain Nawab , Latif Abdul , Iqbal Iram 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe notion of modular metric space, being a natural generalization of classical modulars over linear spaces, was recently introduced. In this paper, we introduce a generalized F-contraction in modular metric space and investigate the existence of fixed points for such contractions. As applications, we derive some new fixed point theorems in partially ordered modular metric spaces, Suzuki type fixed point theorems in modular metric spaces and fixed point theorems for contractions involving integral inequalities. Moreover, we deduce new fixed point results in triangular fuzzy metric spaces and provide some examples to illustrate the usability of the obtained results.
A retrospective study of head and neck re-irradiation for patients with recurrent or second primary head and neck cancer: The McGill University experience
Authors: Al-Wassia Rolina , Vakilian Siavosh , Holly Crystal , Sultanem Khalil , Shenouda George 
Published: September 2015

Background We report our experience with patients who received re-irradiation to the head and neck area for locoregional recurrences (LRR) or second primaries (SP) in a previously irradiated field. Methods We reviewed 27 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of LRR or SP head and neck carcinoma treated with a second course of radiotherapy between April 2004 and July 2012. The main outcome measures were local control, overall survival, and complications. The results are expressed as actuarial values using the Kaplan–Meier estimates. Results The median follow-up time was 24.7 months (range: 11 days–79.3 months). There were 23 males and four females with a median age of 61 years (range: 40–87 years). The actuarial overall survival rates at 1, 2, and 5 years were 77, 59, and 57 %, respectively. The actuarial local control rate was 80, 52, and 52 % at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Three patients developed systemic metastases. The rate of grade 3 toxicity was 26 %, and that of grade 4 toxicity was 3 %. There were two treatment-related deaths (grade 5 toxicity). Conclusions Continuous course re-irradiation in patients with LRR or SP head and neck cancer is feasible with acceptable toxicity. With current encouraging rates of local control and overall survival, this option should be discussed with patients who have few alternative therapeutic options.
Complete genome sequence of Vibrio anguillarum strain NB10, a virulent isolate from the Gulf of Bothnia
Authors: Holm Kåre Olav , Nilsson Kristina , Hjerde Erik , Willassen Nils-Peder , Milton Debra L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractVibrio anguillarum causes a fatal hemorrhagic septicemia in marine fish that leads to great economical losses in aquaculture world-wide. Vibrio anguillarum strain NB10 serotype O1 is a Gram-negative, motile, curved rod-shaped bacterium, isolated from a diseased fish on the Swedish coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, and is slightly halophilic. Strain NB10 is a virulent isolate that readily colonizes fish skin and intestinal tissues. Here, the features of this bacterium are described and the annotation and analysis of its complete genome sequence is presented. The genome is 4,373,835 bp in size, consists of two circular chromosomes and one plasmid, and contains 3,783 protein-coding genes and 129 RNA genes.
Serotonin syndrome: a spectrum of toxicity
Authors: Ellahi Rabia 
Published: September 2015

SummarySerotonin syndrome (serotonin toxicity or serotonin toxidrome) is a potentially serious and theoretically predictable reaction that appears to be rarely diagnosed in practice in the UK. Some symptoms of serotonin syndrome overlap with features of other presentations in psychiatry and thus may be misattributed to mental illness (‘diagnostic overshadowing’). Further, there may be diagnostic dilemmas in patients on combinations of drugs, those receiving drugs with previously unknown serotonergic properties or where there are drug interactions. Prescriber vigilance and holistic review of the patient, including the pharmacotherapy, may be helpful in avoiding progression of serotonin syndrome to more serious outcomes.
New approaches to treating resistant depression
Authors: Cowen Philip J. , Anderson Ian M. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPersistent major depression that does not respond to adequate first- or
second-line treatment is a common problem in psychiatry. This article
updates evidence on recommended treatment strategies and reviews the
prospects of more experimental approaches. The main pharmacological
development in recent years has been the demonstration that several atypical
antipsychotic drugs are effective adjunctive agents in improving symptoms in
depression unresponsive to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, although
their adverse effect burden is high. There is optimism about novel
pharmacological strategies based on glutamatergic and anti-inflammatory
mechanisms. It is important to combine drug and psychological treatments
whenever possible. With persistent therapeutic engagement, the majority of
patients remit eventually, but subsequent relapse remains a problem.
Clinicians should pursue an active and collaborative treatment plan that
makes use of all effective therapeutic modalities and continues into the
relapse-prevention phase.
The expert witness and the criminal courts
Authors: Hirst Michael 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis piece seeks to complement Professor Rix's article on expert competence
and professional misconduct by examining a related issue, namely the
increasingly strict approach of the criminal courts to the reception of
expert evidence. It considers recent case law, rules of procedure and
legislation, and addresses both the admissibility of expert evidence and the
duties of expert witnesses.
Kaleidoscope
Authors: Tracy Derek K. , Joyce Dan W. , Shergill Sukhwinder S. 
Published: September 2015

Palcohol. What is it? It's a powdered alcohol that has recently been approved for sale in the USA.On the one hand, it is just adding choice, offering a new, crystalline form of one of the world's most commonly used and enjoyed chemicals (although recent news stories1 of some Australians brewing moonshine from Vegemite are surely pushing choice beyond the pale). However, there are some specific challenges with palcohol, which are well articulated in an editorial in JAMA by Naimi & Mosher.2 The powder is sold at 50% alcohol by weight, but the strength by volume will depend on how it is diluted. It can be more easily concealed than liquid alcohol, and it could be added – surreptitiously – to another alcoholic beverage. The potential for misuse, including by children, is self-evident; indeed, a video of an individual eating palcohol has already been uploaded, along with discussions on inhaling it, though such acts appear unlikely to produce intoxication. What is its current status in the UK? Answering a parliamentary question in the House of Lords earlier this year Lord Bates noted3 that ‘The Government is not aware of powdered alcohol being marketed or made available to buy in England and Wales'. However, a very quick and simple check on a well-known internet search engine gave a web-link to buy palcohol online.
Public mental health: An interdisciplinary subject?
Authors: Stewart-Brown Sarah L. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe Chief Medical Officer's report for 2013 was the first of its kind to highlight the public's mental rather than physical health and thus represents a very important landmark for public health in the UK. Written primarily from the perspective of psychiatrists, the report has created confusion in public health circles by failing to adequately address the public health perspective. David Foreman's editorial in this issue, calling as it does for more training in public health for psychiatrists, is therefore very welcome and timely.