bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant polysaccharides initiate underground crosstalk with bacilli by inducing synthesis of the immunogenic lipopeptide surfactin
Authors: Debois Delphine , Fernandez Olivier , Franzil Laurent , Jourdan Emmanuel , de Brogniez Alix , Willems Luc , Clément Christophe , Dorey Stephan , De Pauw Edwin , Ongena Marc 
Published: March 2015

SummarySome plant‐associated bacteria such as Bacillus sp. can protect their host from pathogen ingress and this biocontrol activity correlates with their potential to form multiple antibiotics upon in vitro growth. However, our knowledge on antibiotic production by soil bacilli evolving on roots in natural conditions is still limited. In this work, antibiome imaging first revealed that the lipopeptide surfactin is the main bacterial ingredient produced in planta within the first hours of interaction with root tissues. We further demonstrated that surfactin synthesis is specifically stimulated upon perception of plant cell wall polymers such as xylan or arabinogalactan, leading to fast accumulation of micromolar amounts in the root environment. At such concentrations, the lipopeptide may not only favour the ecological fitness of the producing strain in term of root colonization, but also triggers systemic resistance in the host plant. This surfactin‐induced immunity primes the plant to better resist further pathogen ingress, and involves only limited expression of defence‐related molecular events and does not provoke seedling growth inhibition. By contrast with the strong response mounted upon perception of pathogens, this strongly attenuated defensive reaction induced by surfactin in plant tissues should help Bacillus to be tolerated as saprophytic partner by its host.
Intravenous ketamine during spinal and general anaesthesia for caesarean section: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: HEESEN M. , BÖHMER J. , BRINCK E. C. V. , KONTINEN V. K. , KLÖHR S. , ROSSAINT R. , STRAUBE S. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundIntravenous ketamine has been used during general and regional anaesthesia for caesarean section. No systematic review and meta‐analysis on the desired effects and adverse effects of ketamine administration during caesarean section have yet been performed.MethodsAfter a systematic literature search a meta‐analysis was conducted with the random effects model. Weighted mean difference (WMD) or risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed.ResultsTwelve randomised controlled double‐blind trials comprising 953 patients were included: seven studies reported on spinal anaesthesia and five on general anaesthesia. Significant differences in the aforementioned outcome variables were found only in the spinal anaesthesia studies. In the spinal anaesthesia studies the time to the first analgesic request was significantly longer in ketamine‐treated women, the WMD was 49.36 min (95% CI 43.31–55.41); visual analogue scale pain scores at rest 2 h after surgery were significantly lower. No differences were observed for maternal nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and psychomimetic effects. Only few data were found for neonatal outcomes.ConclusionsWe conclude that ketamine enhances post‐operative analgesia after caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. There is a paucity of data for several maternal adverse effects as well as for neonatal well‐being. Further studies are needed for general anaesthesia.
Day–night variation in heart rate variability changes induced by endotoxaemia in healthy volunteers
Authors: ALAMILI M. , ROSENBERG J. , GÖGENUR I. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundMorbidity and mortality in response to sepsis may be dependent on clock time for the initiation of sepsis. Endotoxaemia, an experimental model for systemic inflammation, induces alterations in sympatico‐vagal balance in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The activity of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity can be estimated by measuring heart rate variability (HRV). Based on the intimate link between ANS and the inflammatory response, we hypothesized, that HRV changes seen during endotoxaemia would be different based on time of the day the endotoxaemia is initiated. We investigated day/night variation in endotoxaemia‐induced changes in HRV.MethodsA randomized, crossover study with 12 healthy men (age 18–31) was conducted. Endotoxaemia were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin 0.3 ng/kg b.w. in two visits (day visit and night visit). At the day visit, endotoxaemia were induced at 12:00 h, and at the night visit it was induced at 24:00 h. Holter recordings were started 1 h before administration of LPS, and continued for 10 h. Time‐domain and frequency‐domain parameters of HRV were analysed.ResultsA total of nine persons finished the study with valid recordings. Endotoxaemia at both night and day resulted in a significant depression in HRV parameters high‐frequency power (HF), low‐frequency power (LF), standard deviation of normal‐to‐normal (NN) intervals, root mean square of successive differences and proportion of NN50 divided by total number of NNs (P < 0.001). The ratio LF/HF and mean heart rate significantly increased by endotoxaemia (P < 0.001). At night‐time endotoxaemia, a more pronounced depression of LF, HF and SDNN (P < 0.01) and a more pronounced increase in the ratio of LF/HF and mean heart rate (P < 0.01) occurred compared with day‐time endotoxaemia.ConclusionEndotoxaemia induced changes in HRV exhibit a day–night difference. This difference may have clinical consequences in patients with sepsis.
Lowered national cesarean section rates after a concerted action
Authors: Ayres‐De‐Campos Diogo , Cruz Joana , Medeiros‐Borges Claudia , Costa‐Santos Cristina , Vicente Lisa 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate national cesarean section (CS) rates and other obstetric indicators after a concerted action to reduce CS rates was undertaken in Portugal from 2010 onwards. This action was based on the transmission of information and training of healthcare professionals, together with the inclusion of CS rates as a criterion for hospital funding.DesignRetrospective observational population‐based study.SettingPortugal.PopulationBirths occurring in Portugal between 2000 and 2014.MethodsGovernmental sources were used to obtain data on national CS, perinatal and maternal mortality rates. Rates of instrumental vaginal delivery, vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC), hypoxia‐related complications and perineal lacerations were retrieved for state‐owned hospitals.Main outcome measuresCS, perinatal and maternal mortality, instrumental vaginal delivery, VBAC, hypoxia‐related complications and perineal lacerations.ResultsAfter a continuous rise between 2000 and 2009, national CS rates declined significantly over the following 5 years (36.6% vs. 33.1%, time trend p ≤ 0.001). Perinatal mortality maintained a downward trend during this period, while maternal mortality remained unchanged. Rates of instrumental vaginal delivery, VBAC and perineal lacerations increased, while the incidence of hypoxia‐related complications decreased.ConclusionsA concerted action based on the transmission of information and training of healthcare professionals, together with the inclusion of CS rates as a criterion for hospital funding, was followed by a significant reduction in national CS rates, as well as an improvement in most related obstetric indicators. There may be an association between the reported intervention and the observed changes.
Five‐year outcome of bipolar I and II disorders: findings of the Jorvi Bipolar Study
Authors: Pallaskorpi Sanna , Suominen Kirsi , Ketokivi Mikko , Mantere Outi , Arvilommi Petri , Valtonen Hanna , Leppämäki Sami , Isometsä Erkki 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesThe long‐term outcome of bipolar disorder (BD) has been extensively investigated. However, previous studies may be biased towards hospitalized patients with bipolar I disorder (BD‐I), and generalizability to the current treatment era remains uncertain. In this naturalistic study, we followed a secondary‐care cohort of patients with BD.MethodsIn the Jorvi Bipolar Study, 191 patients with BD‐I and bipolar II disorder (BD‐II) were followed using a life‐chart method. Interviews were conducted at six months, 18 months, and five years. Time to full remission, time to first recurrence, total time ill, their predictors, and BD‐I versus BD‐II differences were investigated among the 151 patients remaining in follow‐up.ResultsNearly all subjects recovered from the index episode, but almost all (90%) had a recurrence, and most had multiple recurrences. The patients spent about one‐third of their time in illness episodes and 15% of their time with subthreshold symptoms; half of the time they were euthymic. After controlling for confounders, no difference in time spent in depressive states between patients with BD‐I and BD‐II persisted. Among patients with a depressive index phase, cluster C personality disorders [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.452, p = 0.040] and higher 17‐item Hamilton Depression Scale score (HR = 0.951, p = 0.022) predicted longer time to remission, whereas lifetime psychotic symptoms (HR = 2.162, p = 0.016) predicted shorter time to first recurrence.ConclusionsAmong patients with BD, chronicity as uninterrupted persistence of illness was rare, but multiple recurrences were the norm. Patients with BD spent only half of their time euthymic. Patients with BD‐I and BD‐II may differ little in proneness to depressive states. Severity of depression, cluster C personality disorders, and psychotic symptoms predicted outcome.
Nonparametric Estimation of Transition Probabilities in the Non-Markov Illness-Death Model: A Comparative Study
Authors: de Uña-Álvarez Jacobo , Meira-Machado Luís 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Multi-state models are often used for modeling complex event history data. In these models the estimation of the transition probabilities is of particular interest, since they allow for long-term predictions of the process. These quantities have been traditionally estimated by the Aalen–Johansen estimator, which is consistent if the process is Markov. Several non-Markov estimators have been proposed in the recent literature, and their superiority with respect to the Aalen–Johansen estimator has been proved in situations in which the Markov condition is strongly violated. However, the existing estimators have the drawback of requiring that the support of the censoring distribution contains the support of the lifetime distribution, which is not often the case. In this article, we propose two new methods for estimating the transition probabilities in the progressive illness-death model. Some asymptotic results are derived. The proposed estimators are consistent regardless the Markov condition and the referred assumption about the censoring support. We explore the finite sample behavior of the estimators through simulations. The main conclusion of this piece of research is that the proposed estimators are much more efficient than the existing non-Markov estimators in most cases. An application to a clinical trial on colon cancer is included. Extensions to progressive processes beyond the three-state illness-death model are discussed.
Multivariate Sparse Group Lasso for the Multivariate Multiple Linear Regression with an Arbitrary Group Structure
Authors: Li Yanming , Nan Bin , Zhu Ji 
Published: March 2015

SummaryWe propose a multivariate sparse group lasso variable selection and estimation method for data with high-dimensional predictors as well as high-dimensional response variables. The method is carried out through a penalized multivariate multiple linear regression model with an arbitrary group structure for the regression coefficient matrix. It suits many biology studies well in detecting associations between multiple traits and multiple predictors, with each trait and each predictor embedded in some biological functional groups such as genes, pathways or brain regions. The method is able to effectively remove unimportant groups as well as unimportant individual coefficients within important groups, particularly for large p small n problems, and is flexible in handling various complex group structures such as overlapping or nested or multilevel hierarchical structures. The method is evaluated through extensive simulations with comparisons to the conventional lasso and group lasso methods, and is applied to an eQTL association study.
Sharing without caring? Respect for moral others compensates for low sympathy in children's sharing
Authors: Zuffianò Antonio , Colasante Tyler , Peplak Joanna , Malti Tina 
Published: March 2015

We examined links between sharing, respect for moral others, and sympathy in an ethnically diverse sample of 7‐ and 15‐year‐olds (N = 146). Sharing was assessed through children's allocation of resources in the dictator game. Children reported their respect towards hypothetical characters performing moral acts. Sympathy was evaluated via caregiver and child reports. Respect and caregiver‐reported sympathy interacted in predicting sharing: Higher levels of respect were associated with higher levels of sharing for children with low, but not medium or high, levels of sympathy. The motivational components of other‐oriented respect may compensate for low levels of sympathetic concern in the promotion of sharing.
Daily negative affect and smoking after a self‐set quit attempt: The role of dyadic invisible social support in a daily diary study
Authors: Lüscher Janina , Stadler Gertraud , Ochsner Sibylle , Rackow Pamela , Knoll Nina , Hornung Rainer , Scholz Urte 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesSocial support receipt from one's partner is assumed to be beneficial for successful smoking cessation. However, support receipt can have costs. Recent research suggests that the most effective support is unnoticed by the receiver (i.e., invisible). Therefore, this study examined the association between everyday levels of dyadic invisible emotional and instrumental support, daily negative affect, and daily smoking after a self‐set quit attempt in smoker–non‐smoker couples.MethodsOverall, 100 smokers (72.0% men, mean age M = 40.48, SD = 9.82) and their non‐smoking partners completed electronic diaries from a self‐set quit date on for 22 consecutive days, reporting daily invisible emotional and instrumental social support, daily negative affect, and daily smoking.ResultsSame‐day multilevel analyses showed that at the between‐person level, higher individual mean levels of invisible emotional and instrumental support were associated with less daily negative affect. In contrast to our assumption, more receipt of invisible emotional and instrumental support was related to more daily cigarettes smoked.ConclusionsThe findings are in line with previous results, indicating invisible support to have beneficial relations with affect. However, results emphasize the need for further prospective daily diary approaches for understanding the dynamics of invisible support on smoking cessation.
Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject? Social support receipt from a close other has proven to have emotional costs. According to current studies, the most effective social support is unnoticed by the receiver (i.e., invisible). There is empirical evidence for beneficial effects of invisible social support on affective well‐being.

What does this study add?

Confirming benefits of invisible social support for negative affect in a health behaviour change setting

Providing first evidence for detrimental effects of invisible social support on smoking
Therapeutic immunoglobulin should be dosed by clinical outcome rather than by body weight in obese patients
Authors: Hodkinson J P , Lucas M , Lee M , Harrison M , Lunn M P , Chapel H 
Published: March 2015

Summary
There are currently no data to support the suggestion that the dose of therapeutic immunoglobulin (Ig) should be capped in obese patients for pharmacokinetic (PK), safety and economic reasons. We compared IgG trough levels, increment and efficiency in matched pairs of obese and lean patients receiving either replacement or immunomodulatory immunoglobulin therapy. Thirty-one obese patients were matched with a clinically equivalent lean patient across a range of indications, including primary antibody deficiency or autoimmune peripheral neuropathy. Comprehensive matching was carried out using ongoing research databases at two centres in which the dose of Ig was based on clinical outcome, whether infection prevention or documented clinical neurological stability. The IgG trough or steady state levels, IgG increments and Ig efficiencies at times of clinical stability were compared between the obese and lean cohorts and within the matched pairs. This study shows that, at a population level, obese patients achieved a higher trough and increment (but not efficiency) for a given weight-adjusted dose compared with the lean patients. However at an individual patient level there were significant exceptions to this correlation, and upon sub-group analysis no significant difference was found between obese and lean patients receiving replacement therapy. Across all dose regimens a high body mass index (BMI) cannot be used to predict reliably the patients in whom dose restriction is clinically appropriate.
Importance of contralateral aldosterone suppression during adrenal vein sampling in the subtype evaluation of primary aldosteronism
Authors: Umakoshi Hironobu , Tanase‐Nakao Kanako , Wada Norio , Ichijo Takamasa , Sone Masakatsu , Inagaki Nobuya , Katabami Takuyuki , Kamemura Kohei , Matsuda Yuichi , Fujii Yuichi , Kai Tatsuya , Fukuoka Tomikazu , Sakamoto Ryuichi , Ogo Atsushi , Suzuki Tomoko , Tsuiki Mika , Shimatsu Akira , Naruse Mitsuhide 
Published: March 2015

SummaryObjectivesAdrenal vein sampling (AVS) is the standard criterion for the subtype diagnosis in primary aldosteronism (PA). Although lateralized index (LI) ≥4 after cosyntropin stimulation is the commonly recommended cut‐off for unilateral aldosterone hypersecretion, many of the referral centres in the world use LI cut‐off of <4 without sufficient evidence for its diagnostic accuracy.AimThe aim of the study was to establish the diagnostic significance of contralateral (CL) aldosterone suppression for the subtype diagnosis in patients with LI <4 in AVS.Design and patientsA retrospective multicentre study was conducted in Japan. Of 124 PA patients subjected to unilateral adrenalectomy after successful AVS with cosyntropin administration, 29 patients with LI < 4 were included in the study. The patients were divided into Group A with CL suppression (n = 16) and Group B (n = 13) without CL suppression. Three outcome indices were assessed after 6 months postoperatively: normalization/significant improvement of hypertension, normalization of the aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) and normalization of hypokalaemia.ResultsThe normalization/significant improvement of hypertension was 81% in Group A and 54% in Group B (P = 0·2). The normalization of ARR was 100% in Group A and 46% in Group B (P = 0·004). Hypokalaemia was normalized in all patients of both groups. The overall cure rate of PA based on meeting all the three criteria was 81% in Group A and 31% in Group B (P = 0·01).ConclusionsIn patients with PA, where the LI is <4 on AVS, CL suppression of aldosterone is an accurate predictor of a unilateral source of aldosterone excess. CL suppression data should be interpreted in conjunction with computed tomographic adrenal imaging findings to guide surgical management.
Position‐Based Skinning for Soft Articulated Characters
Authors: Abu Rumman Nadine , Fratarcangeli Marco 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a two‐layered approach addressing the problem of creating believable mesh‐based skin deformation. For each frame, the skin is first deformed with a classic linear blend skinning approach, which usually leads to unsightly artefacts such as the well‐known candy‐wrapper effect and volume loss. Then we enforce some geometric constraints which displace the positions of the vertices to mimic the behaviour of the skin and achieve effects like volume preservation and jiggling. We allow the artist to control the amount of jiggling and the area of the skin affected by it. The geometric constraints are solved using a position‐based dynamics (PBDs) schema. We employ a graph colouring algorithm for parallelizing the computation of the constraints. Being based on PBDs guarantees efficiency and real‐time performances while enduring robustness and unconditional stability. We demonstrate the visual quality and the performance of our approach with a variety of skeleton‐driven soft body characters.
Does Bruxism Contribute to Dental Implant Failure? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhou Yi , Gao Jinxia , Luo Le , Wang Yining 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundBruxism was usually considered as a contraindication for oral implanting. The causal relationship between bruxism and dental implant failure was remained controversial in existing literatures.PurposeThis meta‐analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between them.Materials and MethodsThis review conducted an electronic systematic literature search in MEDLINE (PubMed) and EmBase in Novermber 2013 without time and language restrictions. Meanwhile, a hand searching for all the relevant references of included studies was also conducted. Study information extraction and methodological quality assessments were accomplished by two reviewers independently. A discussion ensued if any disagreement occurred, and unresolved issues were solved by consulting a third reviewer. Methodological quality was assessed by using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale tool. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was pooled to estimate the relative effect of bruxism on dental implant failures. Fixed effects model was used initially; if the heterogeneity was high, random effects model was chosen for meta‐analysis. Statistical analyses were carried out by using Review Manager 5.1.ResultsIn this meta‐analysis review, extracted data were classified into two groups based on different units. Units were based on the number of prostheses (group A) and the number of patients (group B). In group A, the total pooled OR of bruxers versus nonbruxers for all subgroups was 4.72 (95% CI: 2.66–8.36, p = .07). In group B, the total pooled OR of bruxers versus nonbruxers for all subgroups was 3.83 (95% CI: 2.12–6.94, p = .22).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between bruxism and dental implant failure. In contrast to nonbruxers, prostheses in bruxers had a higher failure rate. It suggests that bruxism is a contributing factor of causing the occurrence of dental implant technical/biological complications and plays a role in dental implant failure.