bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae: History, Evolution, and Microbiology Concerns
Authors: Rapp Robert P. , Urban Carl 
Published: September 2012

Since the discovery of penicillin 80 years ago, gram‐negative bacteria have become proficient at evading the lethal activity of β‐lactam antibiotics, principally through the production of β‐lactamases. The rapid emergence of penicillinases in both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria led to the development of cephalosporin β‐lactam antibiotics, but production of plasmid‐mediated extended‐spectrum cephalosporinases (or extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases) and AmpC enzymes resulted in resistance to this drug class. Because carbapenems were the only β‐lactam agents active against such extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase–producing strains, appropriate and inappropriate use soon resulted in Enterobacteriaceae resistance. As a result, two distinct types of carbapenemases—the metallo‐β‐lactamases and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs)—were soon identified. The KPCs comprise 10 variants that differ from one another by one to three amino acid substitutions (KPC‐2 to KPC‐11). The KPC‐producing Enterobacteriaceae are not only multidrug resistant but are also difficult to detect routinely in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Tigecycline, polymyxins (colistin and polymyxin B), and aminoglycosides are possible candidate therapies for infections caused by KPC‐producing organisms, although well‐conducted clinical trials are required to fully define their roles in patient management. The shortage of new antimicrobial agents on the immediate horizon suggests that enhanced adherence with infection prevention procedures and antimicrobial stewardship programs are needed to curb patient‐to‐patient transmission and to reduce the selection of multidrug‐resistant bacteria.
Incremental Costs Associated with Physician and Pharmacist Collaboration to Improve Blood Pressure Control
Authors: Kulchaitanaroaj Puttarin , Brooks John M. , Ardery Gail , Newman Dana , Carter Barry L. 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectiveTo compare costs associated with a physician‐pharmacist collaborative intervention with costs of usual care.DesignCost analysis using health care utilization and outcome data from two prospective, cluster‐randomized, controlled clinical trials.SettingEleven community‐based medical offices.PatientsA total of 496 patients with hypertension; 244 were in the usual care (control) group and 252 were in the intervention group.Measurements and Main ResultsTo compare the costs, we combined cost data from the two trials. Total costs included costs of provider time, laboratory tests, and antihypertensive drugs. Provider time was calculated based on an online survey of intervention pharmacists and the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Cost parameters were taken from the Bureau of Labor Statistics for average wage rates, the Medicare laboratory fee schedule, and a publicly available Web site for drug prices. Total costs were adjusted for patient characteristics. Adjusted total costs were $774.90 in the intervention group and $445.75 in the control group (difference $329.16, p<0.001). In a sensitivity analysis, the difference in adjusted total costs between the two groups ranged from $224.27–515.56. The intervention cost required to have one additional patient achieve blood pressure control within 6 months was $1338.05, determined by the difference in costs divided by the difference in hypertension control rates between the groups ($329.16/24.6%). The cost over 6 months to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure 1 mm Hg was $36.25 and $94.32, respectively.ConclusionThe physician‐pharmacist collaborative intervention increased not only blood pressure control but also the cost of care. Additional research, such as a cost‐benefit or a cost‐minimization analysis, is needed to assess whether financial savings related to reduced morbidity and mortality achieved from better blood pressure control outweigh the cost of the intervention.
Pseudopotentials for hybridized carbon atoms
Authors: Drujon J. , Carissan Y. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPseudopotentials for hybridized atoms are extracted and combined. The study focuses on sp2 carbon atoms and their combination to give rise to a π electronic system. As electrons of interest are treated explicitly, any ab initio method can be used, thus, configuration interaction methods and time‐dependent density functional theory are used and compared. All electron and pseudopotential calculations are in good agreement for electronic transition spectroscopy (0.2 eV difference), geometrical parameters (error of 0.8 pm), and reaction energies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Very efficient search for nucleotide alignments
Authors: Randić Milan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe describe a very efficient search for nucleotide alignments, which is analogous to the novel very efficient search for protein alignment. Just as it has been the case with the alignment of proteins, based on 20 × 20 adjacency matrices for amino acids, obtained from a superposition of labeled amino acids adjacency matrices for the proteins considered, one can construct labeled matrices of size 4 × 4, listing adjacencies of nucleotides in DNA sequence. The matrix elements correspond to 16 pairs of adjacent nucleotides. To obtain DNA alignments, one combines information in the corresponding matrices for a pair of DNA nucleotides. Matrices are obtained by insertion of the sequential labels for pairs of nucleotides in the corresponding cells of the 4 × 4 tables. When two such matrices are superimposed, one can identify all segments in two DNA sequences, which are shifted relative to one another by the same amount in either direction, without using trial‐and‐error displacements of the two sequences one relative to the other to find local nucleotide alignments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARDS FOOD SAFETY IN DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION: A CASE STUDY FROM INDIA
Authors: Chakrabarti Anindita 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAbility to ensure ‘safe food’ for its populace is a key issue for developing countries from the public health perspectives. In recent years, there has seen some efforts towards generation of ‘consumer awareness’ through actions by non‐governmental organizations and other research institutions. Using a primary survey data from India, this paper examines the link between consumer awareness and household and village level characteristics. We show that number of years of education of the household members, wealth status of the household along with village level infrastructural facility play a role in raising consumer awareness about food adulteration in domestic market. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterogeneity of tibial plateau cartilage in response to a physiological compressive strain rate
Authors: Deneweth Jessica M. , Newman Kelly E. , Sylvia Stephen M. , McLean Scott G. , Arruda Ellen M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractKnowledge of the extent to which tibial plateau cartilage displays non‐uniform mechanical topography under physiologically relevant loading conditions is critical to evaluating the role of biomechanics in knee osteoarthritis. Cartilage explants from 21 tibial plateau sites of eight non‐osteoarthritic female cadaveric knees (age: 41–54; BMI: 14–20) were tested in unconfined compression at 100% strain/s. The elastic tangent modulus at 10% strain (E10%) was calculated for each site and averaged over four geographic regions: not covered by meniscus (I); covered by meniscus—anterior (II); covered by meniscus—exterior (III); and covered by meniscus—posterior (IV). A repeated‐measures mixed model analysis of variance was used to test for effects of plateau, region, and their interaction on E10%. Effect sizes were calculated for each region pair. E10% was significantly different (p < 0.05) for all regional comparisons, except I–II and III–IV. The regional pattern of variation was consistent across individuals. Moderate to strong effect sizes were evident for regional comparisons other than I–II on the lateral side and III–IV on both sides. Healthy tibial cartilage exhibits significant mechanical heterogeneity that manifests in a common regional pattern across individuals. These findings provide a foundation for evaluating the biomechanical mechanisms of knee osteoarthritis. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 370–375, 2013
The effectiveness of tonsillectomy and partial adenoidectomy on obstructive sleep apnea in cleft palate patients
Authors: Abdel‐Aziz Mosaad 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The most common cause of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH). In cleft palate patients, however, the obstructive effects of ATH are more severe due to narrow airways. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of tonsillectomy and/or partial adenoidectomy on OSA in cleft palate patients.Study design:Case series.Methods:Tonsillectomy and/or partial adenoidectomy was performed in 17 repaired cleft palate patients with tonsillar and/or adenoid hypertrophy and OSA. Apnea/hypopnea (A/H) index and minimum O2 saturation were measured before and after surgery. In addition, because these patients are vulnerable to speech impairment after pharyngeal surgery, auditory perceptual assessment (APA) and nasometric assessment of speech were performed.Results:The mean preoperative A/H index was 17.6 ± 3.9, and the mean preoperative minimum O2 saturation was 88.7 ± 1.5%. Both parameters improved postoperatively, to 1.9 ± 2.3 and 93.7 ± 1.5% respectively, and the changes were significant (P < 0.001). In 12 cases (70.6%), A/H indexes were normalized following surgery. Associated comorbidities such as retrognathia and narrow pharyngeal airways may underlie incomplete recovery in some cases. There were no significant postoperative changes in APA and nasalance scores.Conclusions:In most cases, tonsillectomy and/or partial adenoidectomy is an effective method for treatment of OSA in repaired cleft palate patients presenting with tonsillar and/or adenoid hypertrophy. However, some cases may need further procedures to relieve airway obstruction due to associated comorbidities.
Ein glasklares Modell
Authors: Büchner Christin , Lichtenstein Leonid , Heyde Markus 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAmorphe Materialien strukturell aufzuklären — dieses Vorhaben scheiterte bisher an der Komplexität der Stoffklasse. Rastertunnelmikroskopie in Verbindung mit modernen Präparationsmethoden gelingt die Entschlüsselung des Alltagswerkstoffs Glas.
Laborakkreditierung — Brennpunkte bleiben
Authors: Klinkner Roman 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDie Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle verspricht zwar keine Kostensenkung, aber mehr Transparenz und mehr Flexibilität bei der Akkreditierung. Zudem müssen sich Laboratorien auf neue und überarbeitete Normen einstellen. Ergebnisse des diesjährigen Akkreditierungsforums in Berlin.
Topology optimization by a time‐dependent diffusion equation
Authors: Kawamoto A. , Matsumori T. , Nomura T. , Kondoh T. , Yamasaki S. , Nishiwaki S. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYMost topology optimization problems are formulated as constrained optimization problems; thus, mathematical programming has been the mainstream. On the other hand, solving topology optimization problems using time evolution equations, seen in the level set‐based and the phase field‐based methods, is yet another approach. One issue is the treatment of multiple constraints, which is difficult to incorporate within time evolution equations. Another issue is the extra re‐initialization steps that interrupt the time integration from time to time. This paper proposes a way to describe, using a Heaviside projection‐based representation, a time‐dependent diffusion equation that addresses these two issues. The constraints are treated using a modified augmented Lagrangian approach in which the Lagrange multipliers are updated by simple ordinary differential equations. The proposed method is easy to implement using a high‐level finite element code. Also, it is very practical in the sense that one can fully utilize the existing framework of the code: GUI, parallelized solvers, animations, data imports/exports, and so on. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical examples in both the planar and spatial cases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydroxyurea treatment of children with hemoglobin SC disease
Authors: Yates Amber M. , Dedeken Laurence , Smeltzer Matthew P. , Lebensburger Jeffrey D. , Wang Winfred C. , Robitaille Nancy 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe efficacy of hydroxyurea in hemoglobin SC (HbSC) patients is not well documented. We describe the long‐term response to hydroxyurea in children with clinically severe HbSC. In 15 patients, hydroxyurea resulted in a significant increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and a significant decrease in episodes of acute chest syndrome and hospitalization for pain; there was no effect on hemoglobin level. The most significant side effect was thrombocytopenia, which led to discontinuation of treatment in one patient. This study suggests that hydroxyurea has efficacy and is safe for long‐term therapy in patients with HbSC. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:323–325. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analytische Lösungen für Kreis‐ und Kreisringplatten unter symmetrischer und antimetrischer Einwirkung –
Authors: Seel Matthias , Siebert Geralt 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDie realitätsnahe Bemessung von Detailpunkten (u. a. Bohrungen im Glas, Punktlagerung) ist eine fordernde Aufgabe im Ingenieurwesen. Vor allem im Konstruktiven Glasbau treten durch Punktstützungen u. a. in Kombination mit Bohrungen hohe Spannungen im Glas auf, die nicht wie beim Werkstoff Stahl durch Plastifizieren umgelagert werden können. Bei der Dimensionierung gilt es, diese Spannungen in den Detailpunkten realistisch zu erfassen. Die Bemessung solcher Details erfolgt vorwiegend unter Einsatz der Finiten‐Element‐Methode (FEM). Die Qualität der FE‐Ergebnisse ist dabei sehr stark von der Art der Modellierung durch das Programm sowie den Nutzer abhängig. Demzufolge sind die produzierten Ergebnisse mit bekannten Lösungen zu kontrollieren, damit eine wirklichkeitsnahe und auf der sicheren Seite liegende Dimensionierung gewährleistet ist. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages werden analytische Lösungen für bereichsweise belastete Kreis‐ sowie Kreisringplatten unter veränderlichen Einwirkungen vorgestellt und mit FE‐Berechnungen verglichen. Diese analytischen Lösungen können u. a. zur Qualitätssicherung von FE‐Ergebnissen bei punktgestützten Systemen (mechanisch oder geklebt) angewendet werden.Analytical solutions for circular plates with hole and without hole under symmetric and antisymmetric load – Application in the field of structural glazing. The realistic calculation of detail parts (e. g. glass panes with holes, punctual support) is a challenge. Such details play a crucial role in the field of structural glazing, because glass cannot plasticise. In general the analysis is done by using the finite element analysis (FEA). But the quality of the FEA results scatters. The results depend both on the used FEM software and on the modeling performed by the user. Therefore, it is necessary to exclude inadequate FEA models and their results. Analytical solutions of comparable problems can be used for excluding inadequate FEA models. In this article, several analytical solutions for detail problems of structural glazing are derived and presented. The analytical solutions can be applied to control the quality of FE results (e. g. mechanical or glued point fixings).
Mito-Selbsthilfe
Authors: Gamroth C. 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Der Autor weist auf die Wichtigkeit von Patientenselbsthilfe allgemein und speziell der Mito-Selbsthilfe hin. Anhand verschiedener wissenschaftlicher Forschungsrichtungen, besonders der verhaltensorientierten Gesundheitspsychologie, weist er nach, wie wichtig es für Patienten mit chronischen Erkrankungen ist, diese aktiv zu bewältigen („Selbstmanagement“), sich zu informieren, soziale Unterstützung zu bekommen und sowohl ein Kohärenzgefühl als auch Strategien zur Krankheitsbewältigung zu entwickeln. Erste Studien zur Wirksamkeit von Selbsthilfegruppen geben Hinweise, dass diese eine positive Krankheitsbewältigung unterstützen können. Das biopsychosoziale Modell der WHO sieht der Autor als Basis für die Arbeit der Selbsthilfe. Es folgt ein Überblick über Aktivitäten und Ziele der Mito-Selbsthilfegruppe. Diese beinhalten die Unterstützung der Forschung, Patientenedukation, Erfahrungsaustausch zwischen Patienten, Kommunikation zwischen Patienten und Medizinern sowie grundsätzlich die Verbesserung der Lebensqualität.
D-FLAT: Declarative problem solving using tree decompositions and answer-set programming
Authors: BLIEM BERNHARD , MORAK MICHAEL , WOLTRAN STEFAN 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this work, we propose Answer-Set Programming (ASP) as a tool for rapid prototyping of dynamic programming algorithms based on tree decompositions. In fact, many such algorithms have been designed, but only a few of them found their way into implementation. The main obstacle is the lack of easy-to-use systems which (i) take care of building a tree decomposition and (ii) provide an interface for declarative specifications of dynamic programming algorithms. In this paper, we present D-FLAT, a novel tool that relieves the user of having to handle all the technical details concerned with parsing, tree decomposition, the handling of data structures, etc. Instead, it is only the dynamic programming algorithm itself which has to be specified in the ASP language. D-FLAT employs an ASP solver in order to compute the local solutions in the dynamic programming algorithm. In the paper, we give a few examples illustrating the use of D-FLAT and describe the main features of the system. Moreover, we report experiments which show that ASP-based D-FLAT encodings for some problems outperform monolithic ASP encodings on instances of small treewidth.
Pioneers in Optics: Marvin Lee Minsky and Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt)
Authors: Davidson Michael W. 
Published: September 2012

On August 9, 1927, in New York City, Marvin Lee Minsky was born to Dr. Henry Minsky, an eye surgeon, and Fannie Resier, an active participant in the Zionist movement. At an early age he developed an interest in science, a characteristic that was encouraged at the private schools he attended as a child. Nevertheless, after high school he joined the United States Navy. Following his two years of service, Minsky entered Harvard University, where he pursued a variety of subjects, including psychology, physics, neurophysiology, and mathematics. After graduation in 1950, he transferred to Princeton University to pursue his doctorate in mathematics, and during his first year there he constructed the first neural network simulator. Subsequent to receiving his PhD in 1954, he revisited Harvard, but this time as part of the renowned group of scholars known as the Society of Fellows.Lord Rayleigh was a British physicist and mathematician who worked in many disciplines including electromagnetics, physical optics, and sound wave theory. The criteria he defined still act as the limits of resolution of a diffraction-limited optical instrument. Rayleigh wrote over 446 scientific papers but is perhaps best known for his discovery of the inert gas argon, which earned him a Nobel Prize.
A supergiant progenitor for SN 2011dh
Authors: Bersten Melina C. , Benvenuto Omar , Nomoto Ken 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA set of hydrodynamical models based on stellar evolutionary progenitors is used to study the nature of SN 2011dh. Our modeling suggests that a large progenitor star — with R ~ 200 R⊙— is needed to reproduce the early light curve (LC) of SN 2011dh. This is consistent with the suggestion that the progenitor is a yellow super-giant star detected at the location of the SN in deep pre-explosion images. From the main peak of the bolometric light curve (LC) and expansion velocities we constrain the mass of the ejecta to be ≈2 M⊙, the explosion energy to be E = 8 × 1050 erg, and the 56Ni mass to be 0.063 M⊙. The progenitor star is composed of a helium core of ≈4 M⊙ and a thin hydrogen envelope, and it had a main-sequence mass of ≈13 M⊙. Our models rule out progenitors with helium-core masses larger than 8 M⊙, which correspond to MZAMS ≳ 25 M⊙. This suggests that a single evolutionary scenario for SN 2011dh is highly unlikely.
Optical and near-infrared flares in GRB afterglows
Authors: Krühler Thomas 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAmong the diversities in the very early evolution of GRB afterglows are bright optical/near-infrared flares before or superimposed onto an otherwise smoothly decaying afterglow light curve. A lot has been learned about GRBs by using an optical flare or lack thereof as a diagnostic of the emission mechanisms and outflow conditions. In this contribution I will review the observational properties of rising and decaying light-curves in GRB afterglows, discuss their possible physical origins, and highlight in which way they help in understanding GRB and afterglows physics.
Searching for Wolf-Rayet Stars in M101
Authors: Bibby J. L. , Crowther P. A. , Moffat A. F. J. , Shara M. M. , Zurek D. , Drissen L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWolf-Rayet (WR) stars are the evolved descendants of massive O-type stars and are considered to be progenitor candidates for Type Ib/c core-collapse supernovae (SNe). Recent results of our HST/WFC3 survey of Wolf-Rayet stars in M101 are summarised based on the detection efficiency of narrow-band optical imaging compared to broad-band methods. We show that on average 42% of WR stars, increasing to ~85% in central regions, are only detected in the narrow-band imaging. Hence, the non-detection of a WR star at the location of ~10 Type Ib/c SNe in broad-band imaging is no longer strong evidence for a non-WR progenitor channel.
H and He in stripped-envelope SNe – how much can be hidden?
Authors: Hachinger S. , Mazzali P. A. , Taubenberger S. , Hillebrandt W. , Nomoto K. , Sauer D. N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractH and He features in photospheric spectra have rarely been used to constrain the structure of Type IIb/Ib/Ic supernovae (SNe IIb/Ib/Ic). The lines have to be modelled with a detailed non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (NLTE) treatment, including effects uncommon in stars. Once this is done, however, one obtains valuable hints on the characteristics of progenitors and explosions (composition, explosion energy, . . .). We have extended a radiative transfer code to compute synthetic spectra of SNe IIb, Ib and Ic. Here, we discuss our first larger set of models, focusing on the question: How much H/He can be hidden (i.e. remain undetected in photospheric spectra) in SNe Ib/Ic? For the SNe studied (relatively low Mej = 1. . .3 M⊙), we find a limit of MHe ≲ 0.1 M⊙ in SNe Ic (no unambiguous He lines). Stellar evolution models for single stars normally always yield higher masses. We suggest that low- or moderate-mass SNe Ic result from efficient envelope stripping in binaries. We propose similar studies on H/He in high-mass and extremely aspherical SNe, and observations covering the region of He I λ 20581.
Cutting-edge issues in core-collapse supernova theory
Authors: Kotake Kei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBased on our multi-dimensional neutrino-radiation hydrodynamic simulations, we report several cutting-edge issues about the long-veiled explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). In this contribution, we pay particular attention to whether three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamics and/or general relativity (GR) would or would not help the onset of explosions. Our results from the first generation of full GR 3D simulations including approximate neutrino transport are quite optimistic, indicating that both of the two ingredients can foster neutrino-driven explosions. We give an outlook with a summary of the most urgent tasks to draw a robust conclusion to our findings.