bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagating waves transverse to the magnetic field in a solar prominence
Authors: Kucera Therese , Schmieder Brigitte , Knizhnik Kalman , Lopez-Ariste Arturo , Luna Manuel , Toot David 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe have observed a quiescent prominence with the Hinode Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) (Ca II and Hα lines), Sacramento Peak Dunn Solar Telescope using the Universal Birefringent Filter (DST/UBF, in Hα, Hβ and Sodium-D lines), THEMIS (Télescope Héliographique pour l Etude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires/MTR (Multi Raies) spectromagnetograph (He D3), and the Solar Dynamics Observatory Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) in EUV over a 4 hour period on 2012 October 10. The small fields of view of the SOT, DST, and MTR are centered on a large prominence footpoint extending towards the surface. This feature appears in the larger field of view of the AIA/304 Å filtergram as a large, quasi-vertical pillar with loops on each side. The THEMIS/MTR data indicate that the magnetic field in the pillar is essentially horizontal and the observations in the optical domain show a large number of horizontally aligned features in the pillar. The data are consistent with a model of cool prominence plasma trapped in the dips of horizontal field lines. The SOT and DST data show what appear to be moving wave pulses. These pulses, which include a Doppler signature, move vertically, perpendicular to the field direction, along quasi-vertical columns of horizontal threads in the pillar. The pulses have a velocity of propagation of about 10 km/s, a wavelength about 2000 km in the plane of the sky, and a period about 280 sec. We interpret these waves in terms of fast magnetosonic waves.
Prominences in SDO/EVE spectra: contributions from large solar structures
Authors: Labrosse Nicolas , Hudson Hugh , Kazachenko Maria 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe EVE instrument on SDO is making accurate measurements of the solar spectral irradiance in the EUV between 30 and 1069 Å, with 1 Å spectral resolution and 10 s sampling rate. These data define solar variability in the “Sun-as-a-star” mode and reveal many interesting kinds of variation. Its high sensitivity also makes it suitable for spectroscopic diagnostics of solar features such as flares. Here we present EVE's potential contribution to the diagnostics of large-scale, slowly evolving features such as prominences and active regions, and what we can learn from this.
Two distinct peculiar “dimming channels” observed by SDO/AIA
Authors: Ma Suli , Chen Huadong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this work, we report two distinct peculiar “dimming channels” observed in all the seven EUV wavelengths around AR 11520 by SDO/AIA on July 12, 2012. Our results show that: (1) the two dimming channels are very narrow and the intensity in them dropped fierce; (2) specially, some flare ribbons appeared at the edge and prior to the appearance of dimming channels, which is a rare phenomenon; (3) the dimming channels seem to be located at the boundaries of some magnetic networks (or supergranules).
Where Do Solar Filaments Form?
Authors: Mackay Duncan H , Gaizauskas Victor , Yeates Anthony R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn the present study, we consider where large, stable solar filaments form relative to underlying magnetic polarities. We find that 92% of all large stable filaments form in magnetic configurations involving the interaction of two or more bipoles. Only 7% form above the Polarity Inversion Line (PIL) of a single bipole. This indicates that a key element in the formation of large-scale stable filaments is the convergence of magnetic flux, resulting in either flux cancellation or coronal reconnection.
Multidimensional and inhomogeneity effects on scattering polarization in solar prominences
Authors: Milić Ivan , Faurobert Marianne 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMeasurements of magnetic fields in solar prominences via Hanle effect usually assume either single scattering approximation or simple, one-dimensional, slab model in order to perform an inversion and find the unknown magnitude and the orientation of the magnetic field from spectropolarimetric observations. Here we perform self-consistent NLTE modeling of scattering polarization in inhomogeneous 2D slab, illuminated from its sides by the solar continuum radiation. We show that even in the absence of a magnetic field, in the non-optically thin regime, significant non-zero Stokes U is to be expected. Neglecting these effects, in principle, could cause systematic errors in spectropolarimetric inversions, in the case when the prominence is optically thick.
Solar wind fluctuations and solar activity long-term swing: 1963-2012
Authors: Zerbo J. L. , Amory-Mazaudier C. , Ouattara F. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this study we investigate the time variation of several solar activity, geomagnetic indices, and solar wind parameters (B, V). It is well known that solar wind is one of the main contributing factors to geomagnetic activity and his topology is strongly affect by solar events such as CMEs and coronals. For these two solar events, we study the correlation between PCI and BV during solar cycle phases and point out the close link between PCI and the occurring of CMEs and high wind speed flowing from coronal holes.
Shearing motions and torus instability in the 2010 April 3 filament eruption
Authors: Zuccarello F. P. , Romano P. , Zuccarello F. , Poedts S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe magnetic field evolution of active region NOAA 11059 is studied in order to determine the possible causes and mechanisms that led to the initiation of the 2010 April 3 coronal mass ejection (CME).We find (1) that the magnetic configuration of the active region is unstable to the torus instability and (2) that persistent shearing motions characterized the negative polarity, resulting in a southward, almost parallel to the meridians, drift motion of the negative magnetic field concentrations.We conclude that these shearing motions increased the axial field of the filament eventually bringing the flux rope axis to a height where the onset condition for the torus instability was satisfied.
Topological study of active region 11158
Authors: Zhao Jie , Li Hui , Pariat Etienne , Schmieder Brigitte , Guo Yang , Wiegelmann Thomas 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWith the cylindrical equal area (CEA) projection data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), we reconstructed the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic fields in the corona, using a non-linear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation method every 12 minutes during five days, to calculate the squashing degree factor Q in the volume. The results show that this AR has an hyperbolic flux tube (HFT) configuration, a typical topology of quadrupole, which is stable even during the two large flares (M6.6 and X2.2 class flares).
Different Stages of Evolution of Prominence and the Associated CMEs
Authors: Taliashvili Lela , Mouradian Zadig , Gutiérrez Heidy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe study the different evolutional stages of a large quiescent prominence, mainly considering its dynamic/thermal instabilities occurred close from the boundary of coronal hole (CH). We identify the critical conditions, such as the minimum distance between the CH's boundary and prominence channel and the emergence of a new magnetic flux linked to the prominence instability and its general evolution in connection to CH. Our observations indicate peculiar filament activations prior to its thermal/dynamic instabilities, suggesting the connection of nearby CH with the general evolution of prominence and vice versa. Additionally, we analyze each evolutional stage of prominence and the associated Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs).
From solar eruption to transformer saturation: the space weather chain
Authors: Trichtchenko Larisa 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCoronal mass ejections (CME) and associated interplanetary-propagated solar wind disturbances are the established causes of the geomagnetic storms which, in turn, create the most hazardous impacts on power grids. These impacts are due to the large geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) associated with variations of geomagnetic field during storms, which, flowing through the transformer windings, cause extra magnetisation. That can lead to transformer saturation and, in extreme cases, can result in power blackouts. Thus, it is of practical importance to study the solar causes of the large space weather events. This paper presents the example of the space weather chain for the event of 5-6 November 2001 and a table providing complete overview of the largest solar events during solar cycle 23 with their subsequent effects on interplanetary medium and on the ground. This compact overview can be used as guidance for investigations of the solar causes and their predictions, which has a practical importance in everyday life.
Observation and simulation of a filament eruption associated with the contraction of the overlying coronal loops and the filament rotation
Authors: Yan X. L. , Xue Z. K. , Mei Z. X. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBy using the data of Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), we present a case study of the contraction of the overlying coronal loop and the rotation motion of a sigmoid filament on 2012 May 22. At the beginning of the filament eruption, the overlying coronal loop experienced a significant contraction. In the following, the filament started to rotate counterclockwise. We also carried the simulation to investigate the process of the filament eruption.
Integrin-linked kinase plays a key role in the regulation of angiotensin II-induced renal inflammation
Authors: Alique Matilde , Civantos Esther , Sanchez-Lopez Elsa , Lavoz Carolina , Rayego-Mateos Sandra , Rodrigues-Díez Raquel , García-Redondo Ana Belén , Egido Jesús , Ortiz Alberto , Rodríguez-Puyol Diego , Rodríguez-Puyol Manuel , Ruiz-Ortega Marta 
Published: January 2014

ILK (integrin-linked kinase) is an intracellular serine/threonine kinase involved in cell-matrix interactions. ILK dysregulation has been described in chronic renal disease and modulates podocyte function and fibrosis, whereas data about its role in inflammation are scarce. AngII (angiotensin II) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that promotes renal inflammation. AngII blockers are renoprotective and down-regulate ILK in experimental kidney disease, but the involvement of ILK in the actions of AngII in the kidney has not been addressed. Therefore we have investigated whether ILK signalling modulates the kidney response to systemic AngII infusion in wild-type and ILK-conditional knockout mice. In wild-type mice, AngII induced an inflammatory response, characterized by infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes, and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors (chemokines, adhesion molecules and cytokines). AngII activated several intracellular signalling mechanisms, such as the NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) transcription factor, Akt and production of ROS (reactive oxygen species). All these responses were prevented in AngII-infused ILK-deficient mice. In vitro studies characterized further the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory response modulated by ILK. In cultured tubular epithelial cells ILK blockade, by siRNA, inhibited AngII-induced NF-κB subunit p65 phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation. Moreover, ILK gene silencing prevented NF-κB-related pro-inflammatory gene up-regulation. The results of the present study demonstrate that ILK plays a key role in the regulation of renal inflammation by modulating the canonical NF-κB pathway, and suggest a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory renal diseases.
Immigration and social interaction
Authors: Petermann Sören , Schönwälder Karen 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
The article investigates to what extent the presence of immigrants in urban environments is reflected in the personal social interactions of their residents. Starting from the assumption that social interactions are complex products of contextual conditions, individual characteristics and personal preferences, we examine potentially varying effects of the presence of immigrants in a neighbourhood and city on different forms of social interaction, i.e., on neighbourhood contacts as well as on weak and strong ties. The article contributes to the literatures on social interactions and on consequences of immigration. The analysis is based on a unique data set for a random sample of German urban neighbourhoods. We can show that, in German cities, interaction between the long-term residents and those of immigrant background is frequent and common – in the neighbourhoods and in the social networks more generally. However, evidence regarding the impact of the neighbourhood as opportunity context for encounters and ensuing closer interactions is mixed. While a higher immigration-related diversity of the residential environment increases the frequency of inter-group contact in these environments, effects of differing opportunities for interaction in the residential environment on network ties could not be demonstrated. We suggest that this may be explained by a possibly limited importance of neighbourhood, as compared with other social contexts, and by the relative recency of immigration.
Leaf hydraulic capacity and drought vulnerability: possible trade‐offs and correlations with climate across three major biomes
Authors: Nardini Andrea , Luglio Jessica 
Published: January 2014

Summary

Leaf hydraulic capacity and vulnerability to drought stress are key determinants of plant competitive ability and productivity. Yet, it is not clear how these traits correlate to climatic variables across biomes and whether a trade‐off exists between them.

We collected leaf hydraulics data for 130 woody angiosperms from selected published articles. Species‐specific values of leaf hydraulic capacity on a leaf area (Kleaf_area) and dry mass (Kleaf_mass) basis, leaf water potential inducing 50% loss of Kleaf (P50), as well as climatic variables (mean annual temperature, MAT and precipitation, MAP) for study sites were collected. Species were classified as belonging to three major biomes, that is dry sclerophyllous forests (DSF), temperate forests (TMF) and tropical forests (TRF).

Significant differences were observed between biomes, with DSF species displaying the lowest hydraulic efficiency (low Kleaf) and the highest resistance to drought stress (low P50). P50 was correlated with both MAP and MAT, with species from low precipitation habitats having the lowest P50 values. Both Kleaf_area and Kleaf_mass were positively correlated with MAP and MAT. Leaf gas exchange rates were positively correlated with both Kleaf_area and Kleaf_mass. Although no correlation was found between P50 and Kleaf_area, a weak trade‐off between leaf hydraulic safety and capacity emerged when P50 was plotted versus Kleaf_mass.

Leaf hydraulics emerge as an important functional trait underlying plant adaptation to different habitats and contributing to shape vegetation features in different biomes.
Whose Right toJerusalem?
Authors: Rosen Gillad , Shlay Anne B. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractJerusalem is a city mired in spatial conflict. Its contested spaces represent deep conflicts among groups that vary by national identity, religion, religiosity and gender. The omnipresent nature of these conflicts provides an opportunity to look at HenriLefebvre's concept of the right to the city (RTC). TheRTChas been adopted and celebrated as a political tool for positive change, enabling communities to take control of space. Based on extensive fieldwork and in‐depth interviews, this article explores the complexity of theRTCprinciples and examines three urban battlefields inJerusalem —Bar‐IlanStreet, theKotel and theOrientHouse. TheRTCis a powerful idea, providing the opportunity to examine people's everyday activities within the context of how space can be used to support their lives. YetJerusalem's myriad divisions produce claims by different groups to different parts of the city. InJerusalem, theRTCis not a clear vision but a kaleidoscope of rights that produces a fragmented landscape within a religious and ethno‐national context governed by the nation state —Israel. The growth of cultural and ethnic diversity in urban areas may limit the possibility for a unifiedRTCto emerge in an urban sea of demands framed by difference. Space‐based cultural conflict exemplifies urban divisions and exacerbates claims to ‘myJerusalem’, not ‘ourJerusalem’. Identity‐based claims to theRTCappear to work against, not for, a universalisticRTC.
Pregnancy dating by fetal crown–rump length: a systematic review of charts
Authors: Napolitano R , Dhami J , Ohuma EO , Ioannou C , Conde‐Agudelo A , Kennedy SH , Villar J , Papageorghiou AT 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundFetal crown–rump length (CRL) measurement by ultrasound in the first trimester is the standard method for pregnancy dating; however, a multitude of CRL equations to estimate gestational age (GA) are reported in the literature.ObjectiveTo evaluate the methodological quality used in studies reporting CRL equations to estimate GA using a set of predefined criteria.Search strategySearches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases, from 1948 to 31 January 2011, and secondary reference sources, were performed.Selection criteriaObservational ultrasound studies, where the primary aim was to create equations for GA estimation using a CRL measurement.Data collection and analysisIncluded studies were scored against predefined independently agreed methodological criteria: an overall quality score was calculated for each study.Main resultsThe searches yielded 1142 citations. Two reviewers screened the papers and independently assessed the full‐text versions of 29 eligible studies. The highest potential for bias was noted in inclusion and exclusion criteria, and in maternal demographic characteristics. No studies had systematic ultrasound quality‐control measures. The four studies with the highest scores (lowest risk of bias) satisfied 18 or more of the 29 criteria; these showed lower variation in GA estimation than the remaining, lower‐scoring studies. This was particularly evident at the extremes of GA.Author's conclusionsConsiderable methodological heterogeneity and limitations exist in studies reporting CRL equations for estimating GA, and these result in a wide range of estimated GAs for any given CRL; however, when studies with the highest methodological quality are used, this range is reduced.
State of Undergraduate Education in Emergency Medicine: A National Survey of Clerkship Directors
Authors: Khandelwal Sorabh , Way David P. , Wald David A. , Fisher Jonathan , Ander Douglas S. , Thibodeau Lorraine , Manthey David E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe discipline of emergency medicine (EM) has rapidly changed over the past 10 years, resulting in greater involvement of the specialty in undergraduate medical education.ObjectivesThe authors sought to present a review of how, when, and where EM is currently taught in U.S. medical schools and to include general program characteristics, such as number of required clerkships, clinical expectations and experiences, use of the national curriculum guide, didactic content, and methods of assessment and grading.MethodsThe authors surveyed representatives of the 128 U.S. allopathic medical schools on medical education in 2010. Contacts were drawn from established databases, direct inquiries, and medical school websites. Up to five attempts were made to contact representatives through e‐mail and telephone. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.ResultsThe survey response rate was 83.6%. Fifty‐two percent of medical schools now require students to complete EM clerkships. Required EM clerkships usually last 4 weeks and take place during the fourth year of medical school. They require students to complete a mean (±SD) of 14.3 (±2.8) shifts, which average 8.9 (±1.4) hours in length. Programs include a mean (±SD) of 18 (±10.4) hours of didactics. Approximately 60% of respondents report that both residents and attending physicians precept students. Assessments of students primarily include written clinical performance assessments and end‐of‐rotation written tests. These assessments contribute 66.8 and 24.5%, respectively, to the clerkship grade.ConclusionsCurrently more than half of all U.S. medical schools require EM clerkships in their undergraduate medical curricula. This article reports an overview of EM programs at the undergraduate level.
Review article: the prevention and reversal of hepatic fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Czaja A. J. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundImmunosuppressive treatment of autoimmune hepatitis can prevent or reverse hepatic fibrosis, but these anti‐fibrotic effects are inconsistent secondary gains.AimTo describe the anti‐fibrotic effects of current therapies for autoimmune hepatitis, discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis that might be targeted by anti‐fibrotic interventions, indicate the non‐invasive diagnostic tests of hepatic fibrosis that must be validated in autoimmune hepatitis and to suggest promising treatment opportunities.MethodsStudies cited in PubMed from 1972 to 2013 for autoimmune hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, anti‐fibrotic therapy and non‐invasive tests of hepatic fibrosis were selected.ResultsHepatic fibrosis improves in 53–57% of corticosteroid‐treated patients with autoimmune hepatitis; progressive fibrosis slows or is prevented in 79%; and cirrhosis may be reversed. Progressive hepatic fibrosis is associated with liver inflammation, and the inability to fully suppress inflammatory activity within 12 months is associated with progression to cirrhosis (54%) and death or need for liver transplantation (15%). Liver tissue examination remains the gold standard for assessing hepatic fibrosis, but laboratory and radiological tests may be useful non‐invasive methods to measure the fibrotic response. Severe liver inflammation can confound radiological assessments, and the preferred non‐invasive test in autoimmune hepatitis is uncertain. Individualised treatment adjustments and adjunctive anti‐fibrotic therapies are poised for study in this disease.ConclusionsThe prevention and reversal of hepatic fibrosis are achievable objectives in autoimmune hepatitis. Strategies that evaluate individualised therapies adjusted to the rapidity and completeness of the inflammatory response, and the use of adjunctive anti‐fibrotic interventions, must be evaluated.