bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Bypass Flow on the LOFA Transient Computations in a VHTR
Authors: Tung Yu-Hsin , Johnson Richard W. , Ferng Yuh-Ming , Chieng Ching-Chang 
Published: February 2014

The prismatic gas-cooled very high temperature reactor (VHTR) is one possible option for the generation IV nuclear power plant. The prismatic VHTR basically involves stacks of hexagonal graphite blocks that are drilled to accept cylindrical fuel compacts and provide coolant channels for the helium coolant. Between the hexagonal blocks, there are gaps, which allow the coolant flow to bypass the coolant channels. The gaps are not intentionally designed to occur in the core, but are present because of tolerances in machining the blocks, imperfect installation and expansion and shrinkage from heating and irradiation. Based on previous studies of a loss of flow accident (LOFA), the cooling provided by flow in the bypass gaps has a significant effect on the nature and strength of the attendant natural circulation. One of the mechanisms that occurs after a LOFA for the transport of heat out of the core is by the natural convection of the coolant. It is of interest to know if there are problems for the core associated with the natural circulation and what is the role played by the bypass flow in such an event.
The distribution of heat generation and the separation of the partial columns included in the CFD model of the heated core have a strong effect on the natural circulation. In the present paper, a 1/12 symmetric section of the active core is considered for the CFD model. Two regions of the 1/12 section are employed to perform the LOFA transient calculations. Several scenarios are investigated including with and without the bypass gap in the model. The present study also reports the effects of bypass flow on the natural circulation with time for these cases.
Experimental Modelling of a Molten Salt Reactor Concept
Authors: Yamaji Bogdán , Aszódi Attila 
Published: February 2014

Based on the MSFR (Molten Salt Fast Reactor) reactor concept proposed within the framework of the EVOL (Evaluation and Viability of Liquid Fuel Fast Reactor System, EU FP7) international research project a scaled and segmented experimental model of the MSFR and first measurement result will be presented in the paper.
MSFR is a single region, homogeneous liquid fuelled fast reactor concept. The reactor uses fluoride-based molten salts as fuel and coolant, with fissile uranium and/or thorium and other heavy nuclei content with the purpose of applying the thorium cycle and the burn-up of transuranic elements. The concept has a single region cylindrical core with sixteen radial inlet and outlet nozzles located at the bottom and top of the core. The external circuit (internal heat exchanger, pump, pipes) is broken up in sixteen identical modules distributed around the core.
A scaled and segmented experimental model of the MSFR concept was designed and built in order to carry out Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Purpose of the experimental mock-up is to provide measurement data for validation and benchmarking of CFD simulations, and also to study specific problems or phenomena related to the MSFR, such as design of inlet geometry, effects of internal structures, coolant mixing.
The experimental model uses water as working fluid with 50 μm polyamide seeding particles added for PIV measurement. Geometrical scaling was applied in order to reduce size and necessary pumping power and the geometry represents a 90 degree segment of the original cylindrical geometry. It was not possible to maintain the nominal value of the Reynolds-number (∼1E+06 for the core) however a highly turbulent flow (Re>1E+05) can be reproduced in the system.
Final design of the scaled and segmented plexiglas model will be presented, capabilities and limitations of the measurement assembly will be discussed together with the presentation of first measurements results.
An Introduction to RCC-C: An AFCEN Code for Design and Construction of PWR Fuel Assemblies
Authors: Vauglin Christine , Ton-That Marc , Sperandio Morello , Buisine Denis 
Published: February 2014

AFCEN is the French society which publishes codes for design, construction and in-service inspection rules for Pressurized Water Reactors. The fields covered by theses codes are: mechanical components, in-service surveillance of mechanical components, electrical equipments, nuclear fuel, and more recently, civil works and fire protection.
After a brief global presentation of AFCEN history and current position, we set out the technical content of one of these codes: RCC-C. This code is dedicated to fuel assemblies and associated core components. It sets forth minimum generic requirements to be met by the supplier and by the manufacturer for the design justifications and for the manufacturing and inspection operations of PWR fuel assemblies and rod cluster control assemblies.
We go over the different chapters of RCC-C: product and part characteristics; manufacturing and inspection processes and methods and associated qualifications; inspection requirements for the different items; design characteristics and requirements which the design justification shall meet; methods for demonstrating that design requirements are met.
ALWR PRA Standard Development
Authors: Chapman James R. 
Published: February 2014

In 2012 a review and comment ballot containing requirements for use of the Standard on ALWRs was issued. The ballot is based on the ASME/ANS PRA Standard (i.e., RA-Sa-2009). The ballot was developed by the Joint Committee on Nuclear Risk Management (JCNRM) working group (WG) on ALWRs. Based on the charter of the working group and stakeholder interest, Parts 1 through 5 of the Standard have been addressed. Thus, address internal events at power, internal flooding at power, internal fires at power, and seismic at power have been addressed. Other external events started in 2012 and will be balloted in 2013. Low power and shutdown (LP/SD) modes, and Level 2 PRA and Level 3 PRA Standards (when they are available) will then be considered. A formal ballot for Parts 1 through 5 is planned for 2013. This paper provides the approach and results.
The mandatory appendix is important because an ALWR plant in the preoperational cannot meet the standard as written, and the US NRC expects that the PRA will meet the Standard. Thus changes are needed to the standard to address the differences in preoperational and operational plants and the differences in current generation and ALWR plants. This will assist vendors and licensees in successfully developing PRAs to meet US NRC requirements.
A Utility Model of Environmental Radiation Online Monitoring System of Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Chen Qian , Sun Xuefeng , Shangguan Zhihong 
Published: February 2014

Most of the existing nuclear power plants locate in coastal mountainous region. In the traditional way, radio communication is used between the environmental radiation monitoring stations and monitoring center. As the terrain and thunderstorms have great impact on radio, the signal is easily disturbed or intercepted. At the same time, the technologies and functions of the conventional system is no able to fully meet the requirements of the environmental monitoring of nuclear power plant in new situation.
A utility model of environmental radiation online monitoring system of nuclear power plants is put forward to solve the former problems. The system includes a monitoring center with capability of data processing and multiple monitoring stations with capability of environmental radiation online monitoring. Each of stations has radiation detectors as the monitoring center consists of a main server and a backup server.
The communications between the monitoring center and Stations include wire communication and wireless communication. Wire communication mentioned above consists of public telephone network and telephone lines between the network and monitoring stations. The wireless communication mentioned above consists of public telecommunication service network and virtual private network (VPN) which is able to transfer data confidentially.
Through the network, monitoring center uses two servers to provide wire and wireless data reception service. Monitoring stations choose one of the normal channels to transfer environmental radiation monitoring data. Based on the status of communication, data will be shared and synchronized automatically between the main server and backup server.
On the basic of the architecture of equipment and network, some software systems are designed and developed. The main subsystems of the software systems are the data acquisition workstation software systems and the central station software system. These two kinds of subsystems play different role in system. Some new computer technology (such as Microsoft .Net, Geographic Information System) is used in these software systems to provide better functions which include data storage, data management, data show, statistics and analysis to enhance efficiency and reliability.
In the practical application of some NPPs in China, the utility model solves the former problems of environmental radiation online monitoring effectively and makes the system more dependable. It can be transplanted and popularized in other coastal nuclear power plants.
Fretting of Fuel Cladding Materials for Pb Cooled Fast Reactors: Long Term Prediction Using Fretting Maps
Authors: Del Giacco Mattia , Weisenburger Alfons , Müller Georg 
Published: February 2014

Fretting is a particular type of wear that is expected to occur in molten lead alloy cooled nuclear reactors due to flow induce vibrations and will mainly affect fuel claddings and heat exchanger tubes. A new facility (FRETHME) designed to investigate this specific type of wear was applied the first time for fretting test in liquid lead alloys at reactor relevant conditions. Numerous fretting tests at severe conditions (accelerated tests) were performed on candidate steels such as the f/m T91 steel, the austenitic 15-15 Ti steel and Al surface alloyed T91 (GESA-T91).
The fretting damage increases with the increasing number of cycles/time and temperature. Fretting interacts with the corrosion mechanisms occurring in liquid Pb alloys (fretting corrosion) and destabilizes the corrosion barriers, favouring e.g. dissolution attacks. Due to the favourable wear and corrosion resistance properties of the surface alloyed layer, GESA-T91 steel showed the best fretting corrosion behaviour up to 550 °C. On the contrary, due to the high Ni content, the 15-15Ti steel is affected by dissolution enhanced fretting; while oxidation enhanced fretting characterizes T91 steel at temperatures higher than 500 °C.
In most of the tests under accelerating conditions, 10% of fuel clad thickness was penetrated after quite short times already. To extrapolate the obtained results to conditions (load and amplitude) that allow long term use of the respective component in Pb cooled reactors, the concept of fretting maps was applied. Fretting maps were constructed using the obtained experimental data especially the fretting wear coefficient, which is a characteristic of a specific fretting regime. The obtained fretting maps were used to determine the tolerable amplitude and load up to which the tested materials can be used in a Pb cooled nuclear reactor.
In addition, dedicated tests suggested that, besides the use of aluminized steels, possible countermeasures to mitigate the fretting impact are the use of pre-oxidized components and Ni-enriched liquid Pb.
Biophysical Characterization of a Swimmer with a Unilateral Arm Amputation: A Case Study
Authors: Figueiredo Pedro , Willig Renata , Alves Francisco , Vilas-Boas João Paulo , Fernandes Ricardo J. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:To examine the effect of swimming speed (v) on the biomechanical and physiological responses of a trained front-crawl swimmer with a unilateral arm amputation.Methods:A 13-y-old girl with a unilateral arm amputation (level of the elbow) was tested for stroke length (SL, horizontal displacement cover with each stroke cycle), stroke frequency (SF, inverse of the time to complete each stroke cycle), adapted index of coordination (IdCadapt, lag time between propulsive phases), intracycle velocity variation (IVV, coefficient of variation of the instantaneous velocity–time data), active drag (D, hydrodynamic resistance), and energy cost (C, ratio of metabolic power to speed) during trials of increasing v.Results:Swimmer data showed a positive relationship between v and SF (R2 = 1, P < .001), IVV (R2 = .98, P = .002), D (R2 = .98, P < .001), and C (R2 = .95, P = .001) and a negative relationship with the SL (R2 = .99, P = .001). No relation was found between v and IdCadapt (R2 = .35, P = .22). A quadratic regression best fitted the relationship between v and general kinematical parameters (SL and SF); a cubic relationship fit the IVV best. The relationship between v and D was best expressed by a power regression, and the linear regression fit the C and IdCadapt best.Conclusions:The subject’s adaptation to increased v was different from able-bodied swimmers, mainly on interarm coordination, maintaining the lag time between propulsive phases, which influence the magnitude of the other parameters. These results might be useful to develop specific training and enhance swimming performance in swimmers with amputations.
A Descriptive Analysis of Internal and External Loads for Elite-Level Tennis Drills
Authors: Murphy Alistair P. , Duffield Rob , Kellett Aaron , Reid Machar 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:Planning tennis sessions accentuating physical development requires an understanding of training load (TL). The aims were to describe the external and internal TL of drills and analyze relationships between ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), TL, and other measures.Methods:Fourteen elite-level junior tennis athletes completed 259 individual drills. Six coaches helped devise classifications for all drills: recovery/defensive, open pattern, accuracy, 2-on-1 open, 2-on-1 net play, closed technical, point play, and match play. Notational analysis on stroke and error rates was performed postsession. Drill RPE and mental exertion were collected postdrill, while heart rate (HR) was recorded continuously.Results:Recovery/defensive, open pattern, and point play were significantly greater than closed technical drills (P < .05) for RPE and mental exertion, as were accuracy drills and match play (P < .05). Recovery/defensive, open-pattern, accuracy, and 2-on-1 open drills had higher stroke rates than match play (P < .05). Error rates of closed technical drills were significantly higher than for open pattern, 2-on-1 drills, point play, and match play (P < .05). No HR differences were observed (P > .05) between categories. Substantial correlations existed for drill RPE and TL with mental exertion (r > .62) for several categories. TL was substantially correlated with total strokes (r > .65), while HR and stroke and error rates were in slight to moderate agreement with RPE and TL (r < .51).Conclusions:Recovery/defensive drills are highest in physiological stress, making them ideal for maximizing physicality. Recovery/defensive drills compromised training quality, eliciting high error rates. In contrast, 2-on-1 net-play drills provided the lowest error rates, potentially appropriate for error-amelioration practice. Open-pattern drills were characterized by significantly higher stroke rates, suggesting congruence with high-repetition practice. Finally, with strong relationships between physical and mental perception, mental exertion may complement currently used monitoring strategies (TL and RPE).
Genome Sequences of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 Variants with Enhanced Fitness Relative to the Parental Strain in the Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Johnson Jeremiah G. , Carpentier Samuel , Spurbeck Rachel R. , Sandhu Sukhinder K. , DiRita Victor J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter jejuni
is a major cause of food-borne infections in the United States due to its ability to asymptomatically colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of chickens. Using competition assays with parental
C. jejuni
81-176, variants with consistently improved fitness in chicken ceca relative to the parental strain were identified and sequenced.
Draft Genome and Plasmid Sequences of Chlamydia pneumoniae Strain B21 from an Australian Endangered Marsupial, the Western Barred Bandicoot
Authors: Roulis Eileen , Bachmann Nathan , Polkinghorne Adam , Hammerschlag Margaret , Kohlhoff Stephan , Timms Peter 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Chlamydia pneumoniae
is a ubiquitous intracellular pathogen, first associated with human respiratory disease and subsequently detected in a range of mammals, amphibians, and reptiles. Here we report the draft genome sequence for strain B21 of
C. pneumoniae
, isolated from the endangered Australian marsupial the western barred bandicoot.
First Closed Genome Sequence of Campylobacter fetus subsp.
venerealis
bv. intermedius
Authors: van der Graaf-van Bloois Linda , Miller William G. , Yee Emma , Bono James L. , Rijnsburger Martine , Campero Carlos , Wagenaar Jaap A. , Duim Birgitta 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter fetus
subsp.
venerealis
bv. intermedius is a variant of
C. fetus
subsp.
venerealis
, the causative agent of bovine genital campylobacteriosis, a venereal disease associated with abortion and infertility in cattle. We report the first closed whole-genome sequence of this biovar.
First Draft Genome Sequence of a Member of the Genus
Planomicrobium
, Isolated from the Chandra River, India
Authors: Salwan Richa , Swarnkar Mohit Kumar , Singh Anil Kumar , Kasana Ramesh Chand 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the first draft genome sequence of a member of the genus
Planomicrobium
, isolated from a soil sample from the Chandra River, located in the cold deserts of Himachal Pradesh, India. The draft genome assembly for
Planomicrobium glaciei
strain CHR43 has a size of 3,900,800 bp with a G+C content of 46.97%.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus namurensis Chizuka 01, Isolated from Nukadoko, a Pickling Bed of Fermented Rice Bran
Authors: Kato Keita , Toh Hidehiro , Sakamoto Naoshige , Mori Kazuki , Tashiro Kosuke , Hibi Naruhiro , Sonomoto Kenji , Nakayama Jiro 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus namurensis
Chizuka 01 was isolated from nukadoko, which is a fermented rice bran bed traditionally used in Japan for pickling vegetables. Here, we report the first draft of an annotated genome sequence of this organism. This paper is the first published report of the genomic sequence of
L. namurensis
.
Genome Sequence of Streptomyces exfoliatus DSMZ 41693, a Source of Poly(3-Hydroxyalkanoate)-Degrading Enzymes
Authors: Martínez Virginia , Hormigo Daniel , del Cerro Carlos , Gómez de Santos Patricia , García-Hidalgo Javier , Arroyo Miguel , Prieto Auxiliadora , García José Luis , de la Mata Isabel 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Here we report the draft genome sequence of
Streptomyces exfoliatus
DSMZ 41693, which includes a gene encoding a poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) depolymerase, an enzyme which can be used for the industrial synthesis of chiral (
R
)-3-hydroxyalkanoic acids. In addition, the genome carries numerous genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including polyketides and terpenes.
Costs and yield of a 15-month preparticipation cardiovascular examination with ECG in 1070 young athletes in Switzerland: implications for routine ECG screening
Authors: Menafoglio Andrea , Di Valentino Marcello , Segatto Jeanne-Marie , Siragusa Patrick , Pezzoli Reto , Maggi Mattia , Romano Gian Antonio , Moschovitis Giorgio , Wilhelm Matthias , Gallino Augusto 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundThe usefulness and modalities of cardiovascular screening in young athletes remain controversial, particularly concerning the role of 12-lead ECG. One of the reasons refers to the presumed false-positive ECGs requiring additional examinations and higher costs. Our study aimed to assess the total costs and yield of a preparticipation cardiovascular examination with ECG in young athletes in Switzerland.MethodsAthletes aged 14–35 years were examined according to the 2005 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) protocol. ECGs were interpreted based on the 2010 ESC-adapted recommendations. The costs of the overall screening programme until diagnosis were calculated according to Swiss medical rates.ResultsA total of 1070 athletes were examined (75% men, 19.7±6.3 years) over a 15-month period. Among them, 67 (6.3%) required further examinations: 14 (1.3%) due to medical history, 15 (1.4%) due to physical examination and 42 (3.9%) because of abnormal ECG findings. A previously unknown cardiac abnormality was established in 11 athletes (1.0%). In four athletes (0.4%), the abnormality may potentially lead to sudden cardiac death and all of them were identified by ECG alone. The cost was 157 464 Swiss francs (CHF) for the overall programme, CHF147 per athlete and CHF14 315  per finding.ConclusionsCardiovascular preparticipation examination in young athletes using modern and athlete-specific criteria for interpreting ECG is feasible in Switzerland at reasonable cost. ECG alone is used to detect all potentially lethal cardiac diseases. The results of our study support the inclusion of ECG in routine preparticipation screening.
Current smoking and secondhand smoke exposure and depression among Korean adolescents: analysis of a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Lee Kyung-Jae 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesTo examine the association between cigarette smoke exposure and depression among Korean adolescents using the seventh Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA nationally representative sample of middle and high school students across South Korea.Participants75 643 eligible participants across the country.Primary outcome measuresCurrent smoking, secondhand smoke exposure and depression.MethodologyData were analysed from a nationally representative survey of 75 643 participants (37 873 men and 37 770 women). Data were gathered on extensive information including current smoking, secondhand smoke exposure and depression in adolescence. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between current smoking, secondhand smoke exposure and depression in Korean adolescents.ResultsAmong those who had never smoked, secondhand smoke exposure was positively associated with depression in male and female adolescents in a dose–response relation (OR 1.27, OR 1.52 in males; OR 1.25, OR 1.72 in females). Similar associations were observed among currently smoking men and women in a dose–response manner (OR 1.29, OR 1.55 in males; OR 1.22, OR 1.41 in females). These significant trends were consistently observed even after adjustments.ConclusionsWe suggested that current smoking and secondhand smoke exposure were positively associated with depression in male and female adolescents. Efforts to encourage no smoking and no secondhand smoke exposure will be established for adolescents.