bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOFE: an interactive forensic entomological database
Authors: Liu Mandie , Qu Yihong , Luo Yifei , Jallow Binta J J , Ma Yuting , Luciano Afito , Huang Jingjing , Cai Jifeng , Meng Fanming 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The significance of entomological evidence in inferring the time, location and cause of death has been demonstrated both theoretically and practically. With the advancement of sequencing technologies, reports have emerged on necrophagous insects’ nuclear genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes and mitochondrial genomes. However, within the field of forensic entomology, there is currently no available database that can integrate, store and share the resources of necrophagous insects. The absence of a database poses an inconvenience to the application of entomological evidence in judicial practice and hampers the development of the forensic entomology discipline. Given this, we have developed the Home Of Forensic Entomology database, encompassing 10 core functional modules: Home, Browse, Mitochondria, Proteome, JBrowse, Search, BLAST, Tools, Case base and Maps. Notably, the ‘Tools’ module enables multiple sequence alignment analysis (Muscle), homologous protein prediction (Genewise), primer design (Primer), large-scale genomic analysis (Lastz), Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, as well as expression profiling (PCA Analysis, Hcluster and Correlation Heatmap). In addition, the present database also works as an interactive platform for researchers by sharing forensic entomological case reports and uploading data and material. This database provides potential visitors with a comprehensive function for multi-omics data analysis, offers substantial references to researchers and criminal scene investigators and facilitates the utilization of entomological evidence in court.
Database URL: http://ihofe.com/
MSCs-exosomes Can Promote Macrophage M2 Polarisation via Exosomal miR-21-5p through Mesenteric Injection: A Promising Way to Attenuate Murine Colitis
Authors: Qian Wenwei , Wu Enhao , Chen Hong , Yao Jun , Wang Jin , Zhou Yudi , Bai Yanjin , Wang Sheng , Shen Chen , Li Yi , Zhang Yi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Exosome-based therapies are gaining increasing attention, with growing evidence suggesting a link between alterations in mesentery adipose tissue [MAT] and intestinal disease in Crohn’s disease [CD]. However, the specific mechanism by which mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]-Exos may alleviate colitis through targeting MAT remains not fully understood.

Methods
Human umbilical cord MSCs [HucMSCs] were cultured to isolate the corresponding exosomes [HucMSCs-Exos], which were confirmed by their morphology, size distribution, and expression of markers. In vivo, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid [TNBS]- and dextran sodium sulphate [DSS]-induced mouse colitis models were used to detect the therapeutic effects of HucMSCs-Exos. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [qRT-PCR], western blotting, and immunofluorescence determined the expression of key molecules. Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the relationship between miR-21-5p and SPRY2.

Results
Exosomes treatment through mesenteric injection demonstrated therapeutic effects on mesenteric inflammation and colitis. These therapeutic benefits were contingent on macrophages, significantly facilitating the M2 polarisation of mesenteric macrophages. The expression data from GSE159814 and GSE211008 revealed that exosomal miR-21-5p was enriched in HucMSCs-Exos and could be delivered to macrophages. Additionally, the results indicated that miR-21-5p could directly target the 3’UTR of SPRY2 and activate the phosphorylation of ERK to modify macrophage phenotypes. Mechanistically, exosomal miR-21-5p derived from HucMSCs could promote macrophage M2 polarisation via the SPRY2/ERK axis.

Conclusion
Mesenteric injection of HucMSCs-Exos significantly alleviates mesenteric inflammation and colitis by promoting mesenteric macrophage M2 polarisation, making it a promising approach to treat colitis and suggesting therapeutic potential role of exosomal miR-21-5p in CD.
Boerhaave syndrome: an unusual myocardial infarction mimic—a case report
Authors: Mangeshkar Shaunak , Borkowski Pawel , Shokrekhuda Aspan , Barillas-Lara Maria Irene , Menegus Mark A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
A rare complication of oesophageal rupture or Boerhaave syndrome is myopericarditis due to leakage of oesophageal contents. This presentation can mimic a myocardial infarction, making diagnosis and management challenging.

Case summary
We present the case of a middle-aged man presenting with chest pain, who was diagnosed with Boerhaave syndrome complicated by myopericarditis, although the presentation was concerning for acute coronary syndrome.

Discussion
Through this case, we aim to highlight an unusual alternative aetiology of findings classically seen in myocardial infarction.
Do farmers prefer result-based, hybrid or practice-based agri-environmental schemes?
Authors: Gars Jared , Guerrero Santiago , Kuhfuss Laure , Lankoski Jussi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study examines farmers’ preferences for practice-based, result-based and hybrid agri-environmental schemes in three countries through a choice experiment conducted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, focusing on biodiversity, climate and water quality. The results reveal that, in general, farmers tend to prefer practice-based schemes for water quality or climate change mitigation goals over hybrid or result-based schemes. Moreover, the study indicates that only a limited number of hybrid schemes are both preferred by farmers and more socially beneficial compared to equivalent practice- or result-based schemes. These conclusions are further reinforced by a cost-benefit analysis.
First human safety and effectiveness study of defibrillation with a novel patch wearable cardioverter-defibrillator
Authors: Chovanec Milan , Petrů Jan , Hála Pavel , Kralovec Stepan , Thakkar Anjali B , Mathews Kiran , Dinger Maarten , Ullery Steven , Eapen Zubin J , Kumar Uday N , Neužil Petr 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Wearable cardioverter-defibrillators (WCDs) are indicated in patients at risk of sudden cardiac arrest who are not immediate candidates for implantable defibrillator therapy. Limitations of existing WCDs include poor compliance and high false alarm rates. The Jewel is a novel patch-WCD (P-WCD) that addresses these limitations with an adhesive-based design for near-continuous wear and a machine learning algorithm designed to minimize inappropriate detections. This was a first-in-human study of the Jewel P-WCD conducted in an electrophysiology (EP) lab to determine the safety and effectiveness of the device in terminating ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) with a single shock. The aim was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of terminating VT/VF with a single shock using the Jewel P-WCD.

Methods and results
This was a first-in-human, prospective, single-arm, single-centre study in patients scheduled for an EP procedure in which VT/VF was expected to either spontaneously occur or be induced. The Jewel P-WCD was placed on consented patients; upon confirmation of VT/VF, a single shock (150 J) was delivered via the device. A group sequential design and Pocock alpha spending function was used to measure the observed proportion of successful VT/VF single-shock terminations. The endpoint was achieved if the lower confidence limit exceeded the performance goal of 62%, using a one-sided lower 97.4% exact confidence bound. Of 18 eligible subjects, 16 (88.9%, 97.4% confidence bound: 65.4%) were successfully defibrillated with a single shock, exceeding the primary endpoint performance goal with no adverse events.

Conclusion
This first-in-human evaluation of the Jewel P-WCD demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of terminating VT/VF.

Clinical Trial Registration
URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/; Unique identifier: NCT05490459
The correlation between anisogamy and sexual selection intensity—the broad theoretical predictions
Authors: Lehtonen Jussi , Parker Geoff A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Darwin and Bateman suggested that precopulatory sexual selection is more intense on males than females, and that this difference is due to anisogamy (i.e., dimorphism in gamete size and number). While a recent paper apparently presents empirical support for this hypothesis, another appears at first sight to present evidence against it. We argue that this is partly due to lack of transparent theoretical predictions, and discuss and analyze sexual selection theory in relation to anisogamy evolution. On one hand, we find that there exists relatively little theory that can directly address all the tested predictions; on the other, the picture painted by current theory indicates that both sets of empirical results broadly match predictions about the causal link between anisogamy and sexual selection, thus reconciling the two apparently opposing claims. We also discuss in a very broad, general sense how anisogamy is expected to affect sexual selection.
Coordination of care reduces conflict and predation risk in a cooperatively breeding bird
Authors: Halliwell Chay , Beckerman Andrew P , Patrick Samantha C , Hatchwell Ben J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
When two or more individuals cooperate to provision a shared brood, each carer may be able to maximize their payoffs by coordinating provisioning in relation to what others are doing. This investment “game” is not simply a matter of how much to invest but also of the relative timing of investment. Recent studies propose that temporal coordination of care in the forms of alternation (i.e., turn-taking) and synchrony (i.e., provisioning together) function to mitigate conflict between carers and reduce brood predation risk, respectively. Such coordination is widespread in biparental and cooperatively breeding birds, yet the fitness consequences have rarely been empirically tested. Here, we use a long-term study of long-tailed tits Aegithalos caudatus, a facultative cooperatively breeding bird with active coordination of care, to assess the support for these hypothesized functions for coordination of provisioning visits. First, we found evidence that turn-taking mitigates conflict between carers because, in cooperative groups, provisioning rates and offspring recruitment increased with the level of active alternation exhibited by carers and with the associated increase in provisioning rate parity between carers. In contrast, offspring recruitment did not increase with alternation in biparental nests, although it was positively correlated with parity of provisioning between carers, which is predicted to result from conflict mitigation. Second, synchronous nest visits were associated with a reduced probability of nest predation and thus increased brood survival, especially when provisioning rates were high. We attribute this effect to synchrony reducing carer activity near the nest. We conclude that temporal coordination of provisioning visits in the forms of alternation and synchrony both confer fitness benefits on carers and despite being intrinsically linked, these different kinds of coordination appear to serve different functions.
Plasticity-mediated persistence and subsequent local adaptation in a global agricultural weed
Authors: Garrison Ava J , Norwood Lauren A , Conner Jeffrey K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity can alter traits that are crucial to population establishment in a new environment before adaptation can occur. How often phenotypic plasticity enables subsequent adaptive evolution is unknown, and examples of the phenomenon are limited. We investigated the hypothesis of plasticity-mediated persistence as a means of colonization of agricultural fields in one of the world’s worst weeds, Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. raphanistrum. Using non-weedy native populations of the same species and subspecies as a comparison, we tested for plasticity-mediated persistence in a growth chamber reciprocal transplant experiment. We identified traits with genetic differentiation between the weedy and native ecotypes as well as phenotypic plasticity between growth chamber environments. We found that most traits were both plastic and differentiated between ecotypes, with the majority plastic and differentiated in the same direction. This suggests that phenotypic plasticity may have enabled radish populations to colonize and then adapt to novel agricultural environments.
Genetic constitution and variability in synthetic populations of intermediate wheatgrass, an outcrossing perennial grain crop
Authors: Bajgain Prabin , Jungers Jacob M , Anderson James A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a perennial grass that produces nutritious grain while offering substantial ecosystem services. Commercial varieties of this crop are mostly synthetic panmictic populations that are developed by intermating a few selected individuals. As development and generation advancement of these synthetic populations is a multiyear process, earlier synthetic generations are tested by the breeders and subsequent generations are released to the growers. A comparison of generations within IWG synthetic cultivars is currently lacking. In this study, we used simulation models and genomic prediction to analyze population differences and trends of genetic variance in 4 synthetic generations of MN-Clearwater, a commercial cultivar released by the University of Minnesota. Little to no differences were observed among the 4 generations for population genetic, genetic kinship, and genome-wide marker relationships measured via linkage disequilibrium. A reduction in genetic variance was observed when 7 parents were used to generate synthetic populations while using 20 led to the best possible outcome in determining population variance. Genomic prediction of plant height, free threshing ability, seed mass, and grain yield among the 4 synthetic generations showed a few significant differences among the generations, yet the differences in values were negligible. Based on these observations, we make 2 major conclusions: (1) the earlier and latter synthetic generations of IWG are mostly similar to each other with minimal differences and (2) using 20 genotypes to create synthetic populations is recommended to sustain ample genetic variance and trait expression among all synthetic generations.
The Protestant Origins of the German Garden City, 1848–1910
Authors: Heckmann-Umhau Philipp 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The garden city is one of the most enduring concepts in the history of modern urban planning. At the beginning of the twentieth century, garden city movements emerged in Britain, France, the United States, and Japan—and in Germany. While the German garden city is often viewed as a later adaption of the British type, its real origins are more complex. This article situates the genesis of the German garden city project within the larger framework of nineteenth-century Protestant thought and practice. It places the intellectual, institutional and legal innovations that prefigured the twentieth-century garden city in Protestant social reform, providing a longer-term perspective on its rich and diverse intellectual origins. The German garden city, it is argued, should be considered on its own terms, rather than merely as a derivative of the British type.
Enhancing Care for Older Adults and Dementia Patients With Large Language Models: Proceedings of the National Institute on Aging—Artificial Intelligence & Technology Collaboratory for Aging Research Symposium
Authors: Abadir Peter M , Battle Alexis , Walston Jeremy D , Chellappa Rama 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Large Language Models (LLMs) stand on the brink of reshaping the field of aging and dementia care, challenging the one-size-fits-all paradigm with their capacity for precision medicine and individualized treatment strategies. The “Large Pre-Trained Models with a Focus on AD/ADRD and Healthy Aging” symposium, organized by the National Institute on Aging and the Johns Hopkins Artificial Intelligence & Technology Collaboratory for Aging Research, served as a platform for exploring this potential. The symposium brought together diverse experts to discuss the integration of LLMs in aging and dementia care. They highlighted the roles LLMs can play in clinical decision support and predictive analytics, while also addressing critical ethical concerns including bias, privacy, and the responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI). The discussions focused on the need to balance technological advancement with ethical considerations in AI deployment. In conclusion, the symposium projected a future where LLMs not only revolutionize healthcare practices but also pose significant challenges that require careful navigation.
Younger Older Americans and Sarcopenic Obesity: The Moderating Role of Living Alone
Authors: Bae Youngjoon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Previous studies have indicated that compared to older adults, younger older adults (e.g., baby boomers) are more susceptible to obesity, but their risk decreases as they age. However, there is a lack of research on how individuals experience sarcopenic obesity, which increases in later life and is a mortality risk factor. This study examined how younger cohorts of older Americans and their demographic traits are related to sarcopenic obesity.

Methods
Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze participants aged 65 years and older, stratified by sex using data from the 2006–2016 Health and Retirement Study, with survey weights (n = 2,896 men and n = 4,268 women).

Results
The findings indicate that the youngest cohort (born between 1948 and 1953) had greater odds of sarcopenic obesity than older cohorts (born before 1931). However, the youngest cohort did not have significantly different risks from those born between 1931 and 1947. Unexpectedly, the youngest cohort of older women living alone tended not to have sarcopenic obesity compared to the older cohorts living alone. These results remained significant even after adjusting for various covariates, including marital status, race, education level, wealth, and other factors.

Discussion
This paper contributes to the existing literature on population health and demographic change in 2 ways. First, the risk of sarcopenic obesity is higher among younger cohorts of older Americans relative to older cohorts (born before 1931). Second, living alone may not necessarily be considered a worse health condition, particularly for younger female cohorts.
‘The Hideous Old Lady of Fashion’: dressing the ageing body in Victorian Britain
Authors: Ellis Ruby 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article explores how the biological realities and cultural constructions of ageing combined to influence a daily decision taken by Victorian women: what to wear. The cartoons found in Punch, and the guidance given by fashion papers and journalistic and literary sources highlight the individualized experience of dressing the ageing body, and the knowledge and skill needed to chart a course of compromise between ageing and the expectations that came with longer-held identities such as class, gender and sexuality. The difficulties in navigating this transition demonstrate how ageing was an art, and doing it well was a merit.
Metformin Is Associated With Improved Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Petrov Jessica C , Desai Aakash A , Kochhar Gursimran S , Crosby Sheena K , Kinnucan Jami A , Picco Michael F , Hashash Jana G , Farraye Francis A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Metformin exerts anti-inflammatory properties through a positive effect on oxidative stress, gut barrier integrity, and the gut microbiota. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of metformin on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX database in patients with IBD and T2DM who initiated metformin vs oral hypoglycemics or insulin (control cohort) between August 31, 2002, and August 31, 2022. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed. Primary outcomes were need for intravenous (IV) steroid use or IBD-related surgery within 1, 2, and 3 years after metformin initiation.

Results
Our cohorts included 1323 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) (mean age 58.7 ± 12.2 years, 50.1% female, 77.3% White) and 1278 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) (mean age 56.3 ± 12.6 years, 58.2% female, 76.5% White). At 1 year, patients with UC and CD were less likely to require IV steroids (UC: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-0.59; P &lt; .01; CD: aOR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53-0.85; P &lt; .01). The decreased need for IV steroids persisted in all metformin groups at 2 and 3 years. Patients with CD were at a lower risk for IBD-related surgery at year 1 (aOR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.31-0.81; P &lt; .01), and this finding persisted at 3 years (aOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.89; P &lt; .01). Metformin did not affect risk for surgery in patients with UC.

Conclusions
Patients with IBD and T2DM on metformin had a decreased likelihood of worse IBD outcomes.
Initiation of knowledge and technology transfer from academia to industry: opportunity recognition and transfer channel choice
Authors: Huegel Matthias , Doerr Philip , Kalthaus Martin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Transferring knowledge and technology from academia to industry is usually understood as a process. While previous research focuses on phenomena along the process and its outcomes, the starting point of the process—the initiation of a transfer activity—remains unstudied. We conceptualize this initiation as a simultaneous recognition of a transfer opportunity and the choice of a transfer channel and provide first empirical insights into the initiation of the transfer process. We use survey data from 1149 scientists from the German state of Thuringia and their activities in science–industry collaboration, intellectual property rights, and spin-off creation. We employ seemingly unrelated regressions to account for selection and multiple channel choices in our econometric approach. Our results show a positive relationship between scientists’ different kinds of prior knowledge and the probability of recognizing a transfer opportunity. Contrary to our expectations, scientific impact reduces the likelihood of recognizing a transfer opportunity. For the choice of the transfer channel, the results show a positive relationship between choosing the spin-off channel and risk willingness, as well as basic research. Applied research increases the likelihood of choosing intellectual property rights as a channel. Furthermore, role models are positively associated with these two channels.