bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian inversion for finite fault earthquake source models I—theory and algorithm
Authors: Minson S. E. , Simons M. , Beck J. L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe estimation of finite fault earthquake source models is an inherently underdetermined problem: there is no unique solution to the inverse problem of determining the rupture history at depth as a function of time and space when our data are limited to observations at the Earth's surface. Bayesian methods allow us to determine the set of all plausible source model parameters that are consistent with the observations, our a priori assumptions about the physics of the earthquake source and wave propagation, and models for the observation errors and the errors due to the limitations in our forward model. Because our inversion approach does not require inverting any matrices other than covariance matrices, we can restrict our ensemble of solutions to only those models that are physically defensible while avoiding the need to restrict our class of models based on considerations of numerical invertibility. We only use prior information that is consistent with the physics of the problem rather than some artefice (such as smoothing) needed to produce a unique optimal model estimate. Bayesian inference can also be used to estimate model-dependent and internally consistent effective errors due to shortcomings in the forward model or data interpretation, such as poor Green's functions or extraneous signals recorded by our instruments. Until recently, Bayesian techniques have been of limited utility for earthquake source inversions because they are computationally intractable for problems with as many free parameters as typically used in kinematic finite fault models. Our algorithm, called cascading adaptive transitional metropolis in parallel (CATMIP), allows sampling of high-dimensional problems in a parallel computing framework. CATMIP combines the Metropolis algorithm with elements of simulated annealing and genetic algorithms to dynamically optimize the algorithm's efficiency as it runs. The algorithm is a generic Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler; it works independently of the model design, a priori constraints and data under consideration, and so can be used for a wide variety of scientific problems. We compare CATMIP's efficiency relative to several existing sampling algorithms and then present synthetic performance tests of finite fault earthquake rupture models computed using CATMIP.
Why is the Moon synchronously rotating?
Authors: Makarov Valeri V. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
If the Moon's spin evolved from faster prograde rates, it could have been captured into a higher spin–orbit resonance than the current 1:1 resonance. At the current value of orbital eccentricity, the probability of capture into the 3:2 resonance is as high as 0.6, but it strongly depends on the temperature and average viscosity of the Moon's interior. A warmer, less viscous Moon on a higher eccentricity orbit is even more easily captured into supersynchronous resonances. We discuss two likely scenarios for the present spin–orbit state: a cold Moon on a low-eccentricity orbit and a retrograde initial rotation.
Determination of z ∼ 0.8 neutral hydrogen fluctuations using the 21 cm intensity mapping autocorrelation
Authors: Switzer E. R. , Masui K. W. , Bandura K. , Calin L.-M. , Chang T.-C. , Chen X.-L. , Li Y.-C. , Liao Y.-W. , Natarajan A. , Pen U.-L. , Peterson J. B. , Shaw J. R. , Voytek T. C. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The large-scale distribution of neutral hydrogen in the Universe will be luminous through its 21 cm emission. Here, for the first time, we use the auto-power spectrum of 21 cm intensity fluctuations to constrain neutral hydrogen fluctuations at z ∼ 0.8. Our data were acquired with the Green Bank Telescope and span the redshift range 0.6 &lt; z &lt; 1 over two fields totalling ≈41 deg2 and 190 h of radio integration time. The dominant synchrotron foregrounds exceed the signal by ∼103, but have fewer degrees of freedom and can be removed efficiently. Even in the presence of residual foregrounds, the auto-power can still be interpreted as an upper bound on the 21 cm signal. Our previous measurements of the cross-correlation of 21 cm intensity and the WiggleZ galaxy survey provide a lower bound. Through a Bayesian treatment of signal and foregrounds, we can combine both fields in auto- and cross-power into a measurement of ΩHI bHI= [0.62+0.23−0.15] × 10−3 at 68 per cent confidence with 9 per cent systematic calibration uncertainty, where ΩHI is the neutral hydrogen (H i) fraction and bHI is the H i bias parameter. We describe observational challenges with the present data set and plans to overcome them.
Transient Transcriptional Regulation of theCYS-C1Gene and Cyanide Accumulation upon Pathogen Infection in the Plant Immune Response
Authors: García Irene , Rosas Tábata , Bejarano Eduardo R. , Gotor Cecilia , Romero Luis C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCyanide is produced concomitantly with ethylene biosynthesis. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) detoxifies cyanide primarily through the enzyme β-cyanoalanine synthase, mainly by the mitochondrial CYS-C1. CYS-C1 loss of function is not toxic for the plant and leads to an increased level of cyanide in cys-c1 mutants as well as a root hairless phenotype. The classification of genes differentially expressed in cys-c1 and wild-type plants reveals that the high endogenous cyanide content of the cys-c1 mutant is correlated with the biotic stress response. Cyanide accumulation and CYS-C1 gene expression are negatively correlated during compatible and incompatible plant-bacteria interactions. In addition, cys-c1 plants present an increased susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and an increased tolerance to the biotrophic Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 bacterium and Beet curly top virus. The cys-c1 mutation produces a reduction in respiration rate in leaves, an accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and an induction of the alternative oxidase AOX1a and pathogenesis-related PR1 expression. We hypothesize that cyanide, which is transiently accumulated during avirulent bacterial infection and constitutively accumulated in the cys-c1 mutant, uncouples the respiratory electron chain dependent on the cytochrome c oxidase, and this uncoupling induces the alternative oxidase activity and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which act by stimulating the salicylic acid-dependent signaling pathway of the plant immune system.
Agility in business school education through richness and reach: a conceptual model
Authors: Gupta Nakul , Shah Bharadwaj Sangeeta 
Published: June 2013

PurposePedagogy today has become a function of technology and this relationship becomes all the more promising when used to address the educational needs of the constantly changing and fast evolving business school education. Business schools today are responsible for empowering future managers and leaders with not only the knowledge and insights but also with the ability to sense and respond to the unanticipated changes of the turbulent business environment. The objective of this paper is to conceptualize an integrated pedagogical framework that combines “richness” of augmented reality, classroom teaching and academic research with “reach” of social networking to yield a paradigm of agile business school education.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose a conceptual model that would help in building entrepreneurial agility through business school education when internal factors collectively optimize the richness of education content and external factors provide the reach necessary to create a field for socialization that helps in building knowledge.FindingsThe authors’ conceptual model consists of three sub‐paradigms derived from the theories they discuss: richness (from theory of experiential learning), reach (from social network theory) and business school education agility (from contingency theory). These three dimensions together enable the authors to understand and propose a new model for business schools, which would have the objective of producing more graduates with entrepreneurial agility.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is just an attempt towards integration of emerging technologies to offer agile and experiential education. More research is needed to assess the effectiveness of various teaching and learning techniques. Multivariate analysis would be helpful in determining the multitude of effects on learning that can occur within a business school environment.Originality/valueAgile business school education is a new variation on business school pedagogy that combines traditional‐style education with technology to provide education that is relevant today and will be relevant in dealing with unforeseen events in the future. Agile business school education will enable graduates to build and lead agile and successful organizations.
Self Help Services: helping people to help themselves
Authors: Lidbetter Nicky , Bunnell Dawn 
Published: June 2013

PurposeSelf Help Services is a pioneering charity in how it champions personal experience of mental health and uses these experiences in the treatment of people living with common mental health problems – anxiety, depression, phobias, and low self‐esteem issues. This paper aims to describe how the charity grew from one individual's journey with agoraphobia to being the main provider of primary care mental health services in the North West of England.Design/methodology/approachThe paper charts the growth of Self Help Services over time, with a particular focus on its employment of people with personal mental health problems. It describes the experiences of its founder and Chief Officer and includes case studies of a user of its e‐therapy services and the charity's Informatics and Governance Lead.FindingsThe case studies illustrate how the charity has grown in both size and success as a result of harnessing the skills and experience of large numbers of staff and volunteers living with a mental health problem. The case studies illustrate that, rather than being an issue, these personal experiences are vital tools in helping others work through their own difficulties.Originality/valueThe paper provides a detailed overview of a charity which was unique when it was formed and now thrives as a result of its uniqueness. It provides other similar organisations with advice on lessons learnt along the way, and advice for individuals or groups looking to establish similar organisations.
Understanding Chinese university students' experiences: an empirical analysis
Authors: D. Clemes Michael , A. Cohen David , Wang Yang 
Published: June 2013

Purpose– This study aims to analyze the relationships between Chinese students' behavioral intentions, satisfaction, service quality, perceived value, and university image. A multi-level modeling approach is used to examine the relationships between these higher order constructs. In addition, service quality consists of three primary dimensions and 13 sub-dimensions. Finally, this study compares students' perceptions of the dimensions of service quality, overall perceived service quality, university image, perceived value, satisfaction and favorable behavioral intentions based on the demographic characteristics of the sample (gender, age, year of study, and major).Design/methodology/approach– The data used in this study were based on a sample of 350 students studying at a public university in China. Data was analyzed using factor analysis, regression analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA).Findings– The findings support using a multi-level model consisting of three primary dimensions and 13 sub-dimensions to conceptualize and measure perceived service quality. Service quality is the main determinant of satisfaction and has a significant influence on university image and perceived value. Perceived value has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between service quality and satisfaction. Satisfaction significantly influences recommending the university and future attendance. The results of this study also indicate that students' demographic characteristics (gender, age, year of study, and major) influence their perceptions of several of the constructs.Originality/value– This is the first study synthesizing behavioral intentions, satisfaction, service quality, perceived value and university image in a Chinese university setting.
The value of executive director share ownership and discretionary accruals
Authors: Khan Arifur , Mather Paul 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between the value of executive director share ownership and discretionary accruals.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a dataset of 1,173 firm‐year observations drawn from 188 Australian listed companies for the period 2000‐2006. The analysis is based on multivariate regression analysis and ordinary least square models were used to investigate the relation between the value of managerial ownership and discretionary accruals. The issue of potential endogeneity is addressed by using a simultaneous equation system.FindingsA negative relation is found between value of managerial share ownership and discretionary accruals at lower levels of value of ownership, which is consistent with the theorised incentive alignment that as the managers commit more resources to their firms, stakeholders impose less contractual constraints specified in terms of accounting numbers and managers make lower accrual adjustments. After a certain level of value of ownership is attained, a positive relations seen, consistent with increased discretionary accrual adjustments associated with stakeholders anticipating managerial entrenchment. Also, it is found that these results are driven by firms with income increasing, as opposed to income decreasing, discretionary accruals.Practical implicationsShares and options are forming an increasing proportion of executive remuneration that continues to be the subject of much debate amongst regulators and in the media. Showing that the value of share ownership may be an effective internal governance mechanism to help align incentives adds to the debate and has policy implications.Originality/valueThe paper's primary contribution is finding that the value (as opposed to proportion) of share ownership, typically representing a sizeable proportion of managers' undiversified wealth, is a potentially direct driver of theorised incentive alignment and entrenchment effects associated with share ownership.
Tobacco harm reduction in the real world: has the availability of snus in Norway increased smoking cessation?
Authors: Erik Lund Karl 
Published: June 2013

PurposeIn Norway, snus (low nitrosamine smokeless tobacco) is allowed to compete with cigarettes for market share, and over the past decades the prevalence of snus users has increased as the prevalence of smokers has decreased. The author has aimed to sum up the findings from research that has tried to identify the role of snus in smoking cessation and how availability to snus in Norway has affected the magnitude of concomitant use of snus and cigarettes.Design/methodology/approachRelevant results from Norwegian studies are presented, and, if possible, compared to findings from studies conducted in other countries.FindingsSnus is reported by ever‐smokers to be the most preferred method for quitting, and former smokers make up the largest segment of Norwegian snus users. The quit rate for smoking is consistently observed to be higher for snus users than for smokers who have no experience of use of snus. Moreover, those using snus are more likely to have quit smoking completely or considerably reduced their cigarette smoking than users of medicinal smoking cessation products. The increase in snus use among men in Norway has not been paralleled by an increase in dual use of snus and cigarettes.Research limitations/implicationsThe results observed in Norway might not be extrapolated to other countries that do not have the same history of use of snus.Practical implicationsThe replacement of cigarettes by snus has been the most typical pattern of use in Norway, and the availability of snus may have been beneficial to public health.Originality/valueBesides neighbouring Sweden, Norway is the only country in the eurozone with a tradition of snus use. Knowledge about the pattern of snus use in these countries is relevant for policymakers when deciding the legal status of snus in the EU.
Tobacco harm reduction: opportunity and opposition
Authors: Phillips Carl V. , Rodu Brad 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a brief summary of the effectiveness and efficacy of tobacco harm reduction (THR). THR is the substitution for cigarettes of low‐risk alternatives, including Swedish or American‐style smokeless tobacco, pharmaceutical nicotine products, and electronic cigarettes. The paper then very briefly summarizes the current social and political situation regarding THR.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a review of the evidence.FindingsThe risk from smoke‐free tobacco/nicotine products is so low as to be unmeasurable. For most smokers, adopting THR is a lower risk option than to trying to become nicotine abstinent. THR products have been widely adopted in some populations, providing great public health benefits. There is currently an explosion of interest in electronic cigarettes. However, THR is a threat to the business model of the tobacco control industry, and so they are fighting hard to discourage it. Because they cannot admit their real motives for discouraging THR, anti‐THR activism is an entirely dishonest enterprise.Practical implicationsTobacco harm reduction is the greatest untapped public health initiative in the developed world. It is more promising than further attempts to promote tobacco/nicotine abstinence. The future inevitably includes a large portion of the population using low‐risk tobacco/nicotine, but anti‐THR efforts might keep people smoking in the short run.Originality/valueWhile most of the content of this paper is well known to experts on THR, many ostensible experts on health, as well as other opinion leaders and policy makers, are unaware of the truth.
Investigation of drivers and modes of differentiation in Turkish construction industry
Authors: Budayan Cenk , Dikmen Irem , Talat Birgonul M. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe positive effect of differentiation strategy on achieving competitive advantage among construction companies is widely acknowledged in the literature. However, there exists only a limited number of studies in the construction management literature that investigate the drivers and modes of differentiation. The purpose of this study is to determine appropriate modes and drivers of differentiation strategy in the Turkish construction industry.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, based on the results of an extensive literature survey, a set of modes and drivers are defined as well as a conceptual framework to investigate their interrelations. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is proposed as an effective tool to investigate the relations between various factors of differentiation and data regarding the Turkish contractors have been used to demonstrate its applicability.FindingsThe results demonstrate that construction companies can differentiate on two modes of differentiation, either on “quality and image” or “product variety and speed”. Among the identified drivers, project management capabilities influence “product variety and speed related differentiation” and “quality and image related differentiation” directly; corporate management affects “quality and image related differentiation” directly, whereas corporate management influences “product variety and speed differentiation” indirectly. “Resources” has a strong direct effect on project and corporate management, in addition “resources” influences “product variety and speed related differentiation” and “quality and image related differentiation” modes indirectly through corporate and project management.Originality/valueResearch findings may help companies to choose an appropriate differentiation mode considering their strengths and weaknesses related with the drivers. Although findings reflect the competitive environment prevailing in the Turkish construction industry, it is believed that the parameters identified in this study can further be used as a benchmark to conduct similar studies in other countries.
Dissemination of electronic journals
Authors: Vasishta Seema 
Published: June 2013

PurposeAs electronic journals are developing as a new information platform, their promotional activities require something more than just notifications. Promotion is the decisive factor in the effective use of a sophisticated service called electronic journal. Library websites act as a best promotional medium to spread awareness about electronic journals and to act as a gateway to provide a customized interface for enhanced navigation and ease of access. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the websites of technical university libraries to ascertain that libraries are effectively utilizing their respective websites to provide trouble‐free access to electronic journals available in the library.Design/methodology/approachFor the purpose of this study, a research instrument in the form of comprehensive checklist was developed to evaluate the accessibility of electronic journals from the websites of technical university libraries.FindingsThe research reveals that technical university libraries are trying to set up useful websites but the library websites of most of the institutes seem to be at primitive stage. Majority of libraries' websites have very simple and basic features. Overall, they fall short of their potential to act as a platform for proper dissemination of electronic journals. There is enormous scope for the improvement of the websites of the institutions under study. A few recommendations were made for the improvement of these websites in the form of enhancement in various aspects like quality content, users' convenience and artistic composition.Originality/valueThe portal technology has enabled libraries to provide the user with an interface from where information of high relevance can be accessed with ease. The article suggests that websites of technical university libraries can incorporate a lot more information to enhance the utilization of electronic journals. It is time for librarians to feel their responsibility as web content managers and be more conscientious in providing the information on the library websites keeping in view the information requirements of the users. If the library website has a dedicated webpage for providing information exclusively for electronic journals, it will be easy for users to have a single access point for accessing all the electronic journals provided by the various publishers. This paper will be helpful to librarians who are planning to strategically develop their websites.