bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soybean Grain Storage Adversely Affects Grain Testa Color, Texture and Cooking Quality
Authors: Yousif Adel M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article determines the effect of postharvest storage time and conditions on soybean rehydration, cooking (texture) quality and testa color. Soybean (Glycine max L.) samples were stored for 12 months (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months) at three moisture contents (MC) (9, 11 and 13%) and at three temperatures (10, 20 and 30C). Soybeans were measured for rehydration, cooked bean texture and testa color. Soybeans stored at increasing MC and temperature, especially at MC 13%, 30C, exhibited increased hydration after 6 h of soaking, increased cooked bean texture strength, reduced L*, increased a*, reduced b* color values and increased ΔE*ab color difference. This effect increased with increased storage time. Soybean storage at high MC and temperature for extended periods resulted in reduced cooked bean cooking quality and darkening of the soybean testa. This is expected to have a negative effect on soybean processing quality, sensory acceptability and economic value.Practical ApplicationsThis work elucidates the effect of soybean storage for extended periods of time under varying temperatures and MC. Such storage may lead to detrimental changes in the soybean technological and physical properties; the major changes being testa darkening, reduced hydration and loss of cooking quality. Unfavorable soybean storage and related loss of quality will result in lower commercial value and reduced acceptability of soybeans by food processors and consumers. As a consequence, this work will provide information relevant to the formulation of appropriate soybean storage conditions for maintaining good soybean processing quality.
Poultry Food Safety Control Interventions in the Domestic Kitchen
Authors: Bolton D. , Meredith H. , Walsh D. , McDowell D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractResearch was undertaken to investigate cross‐contamination of the domestic kitchen environment during poultry fillet preparation using a streptomycin‐resistant strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens as a model organism. The potential role of a cook‐in‐the‐bag technology to control this cross‐contamination was also investigated. Poultry fillets were inoculated with P. fluorescens (6.06 log10 CFU/cm2). Six people were challenged to unpack, defrost, cut and cook without contaminating the preparation environment. After preparation, the chopping board, knife blade, dishcloth, refrigerator handle, oven handle, oven buttons, draining board, tap, microwave handle, microwave buttons, plate, tinfoil and press handle were tested for the presence of the P. fluorescens strain, before and after washing. The experiment was then repeated with a precut cook‐in‐the‐bag product. In a separate experiment, the effect of freezing and frozen storage (−20C) on Campylobacter and the sensory attributes of chicken fillets were investigated. The cook‐in‐the‐bag approach considerably reduced the incidence and levels of cross‐contamination in the domestic kitchen. Freezing significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the Campylobacter counts on inoculated fillets after 7 days at −20C (1.73 log10 CFU/g). While there was no adverse effect on taste, fillets that had been frozen were significantly more “firm” and “less moist” as compared with fresh product.Practical ApplicationsIt was concluded that using cook‐in‐the‐pack technologies would reduced cross‐contamination of the domestic kitchen during poultry preparation and Campylobacter could be specifically targeted using freezing/frozen storage.
Survival of Microorganisms in Galactooligosaccharide Stored at Various Temperatures
Authors: Bang Jihyun , Choi Seonyeong , Kim Hoikyung , Ryu Jee‐Hoon 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFood‐grade galactooligosaccharide (GOS) has a low water activity (aw). We investigated the survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in GOS as affected by inoculum levels and storage temperatures. The five bacteria (inoculated at 3 or 6 log cfu/g), and the fungus A. flavus (3 log cfu/g) and S. cerevisiae (3 log cfu/g), were inoculated into GOS and the material stored at 4, 22 or 50C for 28 days. When ca. 6 log cfu/g of microorganisms were inoculated into GOS, the final numbers of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus (thus after 28 days of storage) were higher than those of E. coli, Salmonella spp. and P. aeruginosa, at all storage temperatures tested. In GOS inoculated with ca. 3 log cfu/g of microorganisms, A. flavus numbers were the highest after 28 days. S. cerevisiae levels were lower than those of gram‐positive but higher than those of gram‐negative bacteria. The overall level of survival by temperature was 4C > 22C > 50C, regardless of inoculum level. Thus, microbial survival in low‐aw GOS was affected by temperature and inoculum level but the microorganisms did not grow during the storage.Practical ApplicationsThis study showed that survival of microorganisms in GOS was affected by storage temperature and inoculum level. Microorganisms did not grow in GOS at all temperatures tested, but they still survived in GOS for up to 28 days upon storage temperature. This information will be useful in development of effective microbiological safety strategies to be incorporated in preparation or storage of low‐aw food and food ingredients.
In vitro Study of the Potential Protective Role of Lactobacillus Strains by Acrylamide Binding
Authors: Serrano‐Niño J.C. , Cavazos‐Garduño A. , González‐Córdova A.F. , Vallejo‐Cordoba B. , Hernández‐Mendoza A. , García H.S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAcrylamide is a chemical naturally formed in certain foods during processing and/or cooking at high temperatures. Scientific studies have indicated that significant dietary exposure to acrylamide poses a risk for several types of cancer and may have harmful effects to the nervous system in humans. Hence, methods that can contribute to reduce acrylamide exposure in foods are needed. Considering that specific lactic acid bacteria are able to remove a variety of foodborne mutagens, namely heterocyclic amines, lead, cadmium and aflatoxin B1 by a binding mechanism, the aim of the present study was to assess the ability of fourteen lactic acid strains to remove acrylamide in vitro. Acrylamide binding ability ranged from 11.89 to 29.12%, and it was found to be both concentration‐ and strain‐dependent. Lactobacillus reuteri Northern Regional Research Laboratory 14171 (USDA‐ARS) and Lactobacillus casei Shirota were the most efficient binders (24.01 and 24.95%, respectively) after 12 h of incubation using an acrylamide concentration of 5 μg/mL. Acrylamide binding was also pH‐dependent, and the bacterial–toxin complex exhibited high stability assessed by repeated washings. The results of this work proposes for the first time the acrylamide binding ability in vitro of selected lactic acid bacteria, which suggest their potential for detoxification of the food contaminant acrylamide.Practical ApplicationsAll bacteria tested proved capable to bind acrylamide efficiently and rapidly in phosphate buffer saline; hence, these bacteria could be an effective decontamination mechanism against foodborne acrylamide along the gastrointestinal tract. It is reasonable to believe that during the first contact of acrylamide‐contaminated food with lactic acid bacteria in the mouth, the place where digestion starts and the pH is favorable for the toxin–bacteria interaction, a portion of acrylamide may be bound by the bacteria. Moreover, as both toxin and bacteria navigate through the digestive tract, the variations in pH may cause mutagen binding at different extents until it reaches the small intestine (alkaline pH), the site where absorption of food components is the highest, and the pH value is favorable. Therefore, this kind of bacteria could play a protective role by reducing the bioavailability of foodborne acrylamide.
Effect of energy density and delay time on the degree of conversion and Knoop microhardness of a dual resin cement
Authors: Mainardi Maria do Carmo A. J. , Giorgi Maria Cecília C. , Lima Débora A. N. L. , Marchi Giselle M. , Ambrosano Gláucia M. , Paulillo Luiz A. M. S. , Aguiar Flávio H. B. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimIn the present study, we evaluated the influence of the photo‐curing delay time and energy density on the degree of conversion and the Knoop microhardness of a resin cement.MethodsSeventy‐eight samples were assigned to 13 groups (n = 6), one of which received no light curing (control). The samples were made of a dual‐cured resin cement (RelyX ARC) with the aid of a Teflon matrix, submitted to one of the following energy densities (J/cm²): 7, 14, 20, and 28. Delay times were immediate (0), 1 min, or 2 min. After 24 h, the degree of conversion and microhardness were measured at three segments: cervical, medium, and apical. Data were submitted to three‐way anova and Tukey's and Dunnett's tests, the latest of which was used to compare the control to the experimental groups.ResultsNo interaction was observed between delay time and energy density regarding the degree of conversion. The cervical segment showed the highest values, while the apical showed the lowest. Microhardness values concerning the cervical segment in all groups were statistically different from that obtained for the control.ConclusionA high‐irradiance light‐curing unit allows for a reduced irradiation exposure time with a short delay time, aimed at tooth restorations using a dual‐cured resin cement.
Inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase stimulates autophagy flux in neurons
Authors: Shen Wei , Henry Anastasia G. , Paumier Katrina L. , Li Li , Mou Kewa , Dunlop John , Berger Zdenek , Hirst Warren D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAggregate‐prone mutant proteins, such as α‐synuclein and huntingtin, play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders; thus, it has been hypothesized that reducing the aggregate‐prone proteins may be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for these neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we identified two previously described glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase inhibitors, DL‐threo‐1‐Phenyl‐2‐palmitoylamino‐3‐morpholino‐1‐propanol and Genz‐123346(Genz), as enhancers of autophagy flux. We also demonstrate that GlcCer synthase inhibitors exert their effects on autophagy by inhibiting AKT‐mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. More importantly, siRNA knock down of GlcCer synthase had the similar effect as pharmacological inhibition, confirming the on‐target effect. In addition, we discovered that inhibition of GlcCer synthase increased the number and size of lysosomal/late endosomal structures. Although inhibition of GlcCer synthase decreases levels of mutant α‐synuclein in neurons, it does so, according to our data, through autophagy‐independent mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate a direct link between glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and autophagy in primary neurons, which may represent a novel pathway with potential therapeutic value for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Inhibition of GlcCer synthase enhances autophagy by inhibiting AKT‐mTOR signaling, and increases the number and size of lysosomal/late endosomal structures. Furthermore, inhibition of GlcCer synthase decreased levels of mutant α‐synuclein in neurons, which may represent a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.
How clinical nurse and midwifery consultants optimise patient care in a tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Atsalos Christine , Biggs Karen , Boensch Sabine , Gavegan Fiona Lee , Heath Susan , Payk Marlene , Trapolini Grace 
Published: February 2014

Aims and objectivesTo develop new insights into the phenomenon of clinical nurse/midwifery consultant clinical effectiveness in a tertiary referral hospital.BackgroundInternational studies identify the pivotal role clinical nurse/midwifery consultants play in patient outcomes. There remains, however, a significant deficit in our knowledge of how these, or other advanced practice nurses and midwives, apply their extensive experience, ontological understandings and tacit knowledge to the enhancement of patient outcomes in complex healthcare environments.DesignThis study was underpinned by the principles of Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology.MethodsRecruitment involved expressions of interest distributed hospital‐wide to clinical nurse/midwifery consultants. Inclusion criteria specified a minimum of three years’ experience. Fifteen clinical nurse/midwifery consultants, representing a broad range of specialties, were interviewed. Preliminary descriptive analysis of transcribed data was followed by in‐depth hermeneutic analysis.ResultsThe findings comprise four themes: walking beside the patient, anticipating the unexpected, pushing through barriers and leading within a complex system. These themes highlight how clinical nurse/midwifery consultants significantly influence pre‐existing trajectories of patient care delivery through context‐appropriate strategies.ConclusionThis study introduces new insights into the meanings advanced practice nurses and midwives develop from their engagements with patients and how these meanings inform clinical decisions. The paper accomplishes this by drawing on Heideggerian philosophical concepts such as ontological understandings, authenticity and care. It also casts light on the participants’ shared understandings of how to synergise expectations within the team.Relevance to clinical practiceThe significance of this paper lies in the uncovering of ontological understandings and tacit knowledge of how consultant nurses and midwives optimise patient care delivery in challenging situations. The findings indicate, however, that the value of these internationally established roles is yet to be fully realised. The paper concludes by recommending strategies to assist newly appointed clinical nurse/midwifery consultants transition into these demanding autonomous roles.
Allergic Reaction to Titanium‐Made Fixed Dental Restorations: A Clinical Report
Authors: Ko Nagakazu , Mine Atsushi , Egusa Hiroshi , Shimazu Tsunetoshi , Ko Rieko , Nakano Tamaki , Yatani Hirofumi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFrom the mid 1980s (approximately 10 years after titanium was first used as a medical metal), reports of suspected Ti sensitization began to emerge. In the present report, a 33‐year‐old Japanese woman presented with pruritus of the fingers and a specific reaction to mercury, nickel, and silver on lymphocyte stimulation testing (LST). Her condition improved after 17 restorations containing Hg or Ag were removed. Titanium and composite resin, both of which had no reaction on LST, were used in replacements of the intraoral restoration after the pruritus improved; however, cervical eczema emerged after 9 months, and repeat LST showed a specific reaction to Ti. The eczema improved after removal of the titanium. It is therefore likely that Ti allergy provoked the eczema. This report suggests that clinicians should be aware of the possibility of a titanium allergy from a dental restoration.
Fracture Strength and Nanoleakage of Weakened Roots Reconstructed Using Relined Glass Fiber–Reinforced Dowels Combined with a Novel Prefabricated Core System
Authors: Amin Rania A. , Mandour Mona H. , Abd El‐Ghany Ossama Saleh 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate fracture strength and nanoleakage of endodontically treated weakened teeth after being restored with relined glass fiber–reinforced dowels and two types of cores.Materials and MethodsSixty sound human decoronated and endodontically treated teeth were embedded in epoxy resin blocks, then divided into three groups (n = 20) according to the method of root reconstruction. Group 1 (control): nonweakened roots were restored with glass fiber–reinforced dowels (UNIC); group 2: weakened roots restored with glass fiber–reinforced dowels relined with composite resin; group 3: weakened roots restored with glass fiber–reinforced dowels and a thick layer of luting cement. Dowels were cemented using Corposit, a dual‐cured adhesive resin cement, then each group was assigned into two subgroups (n = 10) according to the type of core used; subgroup a: custom‐made core using the same luting cement, subgroup b: prefabricated glass fiber–reinforced core (UNIC). Half the specimens of each subgroup were individually mounted at 45° angles and statically compressed until fracture at a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed with a 5 kN load cell. The type of failure was assessed using a magnification lens. The other half of the specimens were removed from the block, placed in silver nitrate solution for 24 hours followed by photo developer for 8 hours, then examined using environmental scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive analytical X‐ray for nanoleakage evaluation. Data were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe nonweakened group recorded the highest fracture strength values. The composite relined group showed significantly higher fracture strength values than the cement group. The prefabricated core yielded higher fracture strength values than the custom‐made core. All groups showed a degree of nanoleakage, with higher scores recorded for the composite group.ConclusionsThe fracture resistance of wide root canals can be improved by using glass fiber–reinforced dowels relined with composite resin as an alternative to increasing the thickness of luting cement; however, the percentage nanoleakage would increase. On the other hand, the recently introduced prefabricated glass fiber–reinforced core can be considered a promising technique, but further investigations are necessary.
Influence of animal age on body concentrations of minerals in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Sales J. , Skřivan M. , Englmaierová M. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryMathematical modelling of the relationships between mineral inputs and outputs would enable the prediction of mineral requirements of poultry under a wide range of conditions. To establish the feasibility of possible modelling of mineral requirements, the current study aimed to describe the individual mineral concentrations of whole bodies of quail over the life cycle from hatching to 70 days of age. Quail were reared indoors without any restrictions that could limit growth. Sampling of birds (n = 6–18) was carried out at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 35, 49 and 70 days after hatching. Freeze‐dried samples of whole bodies (digestive contents removed) were analysed for ash, and macrominerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium) and microminerals (copper, iron, manganese, nickel, selenium, zinc). Ash concentration followed a curvilinear trend, with a maximum of 101.7 g/kg dry matter at 32.77 days. Individual mineral concentrations, expressed as a proportion of ash, were fluctuating over time, with the most prominent changes at 3 days and again at either 14 or 21 days. Dissimilar patterns in individual mineral concentrations resulted that ratios between minerals followed inconsistent patterns over time. Although mineral contents in absolute quantities can be described through modelling over the entire life cycle of the bird, it can be concluded that variable concentrations of individual minerals could complicate further model development.
Feline blood genotyping versus phenotyping, and detection of non‐AB blood type incompatibilities in UK cats
Authors: Tasker S. , Barker E. N. , Day M. J. , Helps C. R. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to determine the agreement between AB blood phenotyping and genotyping and determine whether non‐AB blood type incompatibilities exist in UK cats.METHODSBlood samples underwent phenotyping (A, B or AB) using microplate agglutination, and genotyping (AA, Ab or bb) using pyrosequencing of a fragment of the cytidine monophospho‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase gene. Non‐AB blood type incompatibilities were investigated by cross‐matching against reference blood of the same phenotype.RESULTSOf 112 cats tested, 86 (77%) were blood phenotype A, 19 (17%) type B and 7 (6%) type AB. Genotype and initial phenotype agreed in 96% (107 of 112) of cats, but 5 were discordant; these were all B phenotype with either AA (n=2) or Ab (n=3) genotype. Two of the five cats had repeat blood samples tested: one was reclassified as phenotype A; the other remained phenotype B. Two cats had incompatibilities on minor cross‐match, but these were attributed to phenotyping errors.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEUnknown mutation(s) associated with phenotype B, resulting in false AA or Ab genotyping, were evident in a small number of cases in this study. No conclusive evidence for non‐AB blood type incompatibilities was found.
Left atrial size, atrial function and left ventricular diastolic function in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Linney C. J. , Dukes‐McEwan J. , Stephenson H. M. , López‐Alvarez J. , Fonfara S. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVESTo describe left atrial size, left atrial volume, left atrial function and left ventricular diastolic function in healthy cats and those with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without and with congestive heart failure.METHODSA retrospective study of 61 client‐owned, 21 healthy, 21 asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 19 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure cats. Data were retrieved from clinical records and echocardiography archives. Left atrial diameter and volumes were measured. Left atrial function was investigated using changes in diameter (fractional shortening) and volume (Simpson's method; left atrial ejection fraction). Conventional echocardiographic indices of left ventricular diastolic function were recorded.RESULTSLeft atrial diameter and left atrial volume measurements were significantly higher in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure cats compared with asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and healthy cats (P < 0 · 001). Left atrial passive, active and complete ejection fraction distinguished between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (P < 0 · 001). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure cats had significantly lower mitral A wave velocity (P = 0 · 016) and atrial complete emptying based on diameter and volume measurements (P = 0 · 008 and P < 0 · 001, respectively) compared with asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cats.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCELeft atrial volume is obtainable by echocardiography in cats. Left atrial volume and atrial function may indicate chronicity and severity of diastolic dysfunction associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Left atrial function was reduced in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure compared with healthy and asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy groups.