bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanosized Carbon‐Supported Manganese Oxide Phases as Lithium–Oxygen Battery Cathode Catalysts
Authors: Kavakli Cüneyt , Meini Stefano , Harzer Gregor , Tsiouvaras Nikolaos , Piana Michele , Siebel Armin , Garsuch Arnd , Gasteiger Hubert A. , Herranz Juan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe poor discharge and recharge efficiency demonstrated by lithium–air batteries renders the search for highly active and inexpensive oxygen reduction and evolution catalysts crucial to the development of these energy‐storage and conversion devices. Previous works have shown that manganese oxides are promising lithium–oxygen cathode catalysts, which is in agreement with their remarkable activities for the reduction and evolution of oxygen in aqueous media. Motivated by these resembling catalytic behaviors, we prepared and characterized a number of manganese oxide modifications directly on carbon black and attempted to correlate their oxygen reduction and evolution activities in aprotic and aqueous electrolytes. Although our results cannot confirm this correlation, they provide valuable insight into the reaction mechanisms at play in each medium. More precisely, in 0.1 M potassium hydroxide, the reduction of oxygen is related to the reduction of a manganese(III) intermediate whereas the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide (which was regarded as a mimic of the lithium peroxide produced upon lithium–oxygen battery discharge) correlates with the transition between manganese(II) and manganese(III) phases. In the aprotic medium, manganese oxide cathodes prefilled with lithium peroxide showed a strong catalytic effect but were not active in the oxidation of lithium peroxide produced in the previous discharge. This discrepancy is thought to arise from the stark differences in the sizes and morphologies of the lithium peroxide involved in each test, which implies that the catalytic activity of a material for the oxidation of lithium peroxide prefilled on electrodes is not indicative of its behavior in the charging of a real lithium–oxygen cell.
Locating Catalytically Active Oxygen on Ag(1 1 1)—A Spectromicroscopy Study
Authors: Günther Sebastian , Böcklein Sebastian , Wintterlin Joost , Niño Miguel A. , Menteş Tevfik O. , Locatelli Andrea 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe loading of an Ag(1 1 1) sample with oxygen was monitored by in situ low‐energy electron microscopy and X‐ray photoemission electron microscopy during NO2 dosing at T≥480 K. At first, adsorbed oxygen populates the Ag(1 1 1) surface, which initiates the (4×4) reconstruction leading to the characteristic O 1s core level at 528.30 eV. The formation of this phase proceeds on a mesoscopic length scale by traveling fronts separating reconstructed from non‐reconstructed surface areas. Continued NO2 dosing leads to the accumulation of a new oxygen species mainly at steps and step bunches. Characterized by an O 1s peak with two components at 530.20 eV and 530.75 eV, this species represents the active oxygen during the ethylene epoxidation reaction over Ag. The 530.20 eV component is attributed to surface oxygen, the 530.75 eV species to subsurface oxygen. This inhomogeneous accumulation of the active oxygen occurs at a very low rate. However, the preparation route can be changed, which strongly accelerates the population of the catalytically active oxygen species and leads to a homogeneous distribution of oxygen on the surface. This route involves the complete formation of the O(4×4) reconstruction by NO2 dosing, followed by a complete de‐reconstruction of the surface by desorption of the oxygen adlayer. The faster population kinetics is related to the Ag adatom transport during such a reconstruction/de‐reconstruction cycle.
Plasmonic Scissors for Molecular Design
Authors: Sun Mengtao , Zhang Zhenglong , Kim Zee Hwan , Zheng Hairong , Xu Hongxing 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysts play an important role in surface catalytic reactions, but selective bond breaking and control of reaction products in catalytic processes remain significant challenges. High‐vacuum tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (HV‐TERS) is one of the best candidates to realize surface catalytic reactions. Herein, HV‐TERS was employed in a new method to control dissociation by using hot electrons, generated from plasmon decay, as plasmonic scissors. In this method, the NN bond in 4,4′‐dimercaptoazobenzene was selectively dissociated by plasmonic scissors, and the reaction products formed from the radical fragment (SC6H5N) were controlled by varying the pH value. Under acidic conditions, p‐aminothiophenol was produced from the radical fragment by attachment of hydrogen ions, whereas under alkaline conditions, 4‐nitrobenzenethiol was obtained by attachment of oxygen ions to the substrate.
Recent Advances in the Field of Main‐Group Mono‐ and Diatomic “Allotropes” Stabilised by Neutral Ligands
Authors: Wilson David J. D. , Dutton Jason L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe study of ligand stabilised mono‐ and diatomic zero oxidation state complexes is a young and fascinating topic. This area merges the fields of low‐oxidation‐state main‐group chemistry, homoatomic multiple bonding and fundamental coordination chemistry. As with a great deal of recent coordination chemistry within the d‐block, carbene ligands are clearly the star of the show, highlighting their importance within the p‐block as well. This Minireview focuses on the significant developments of the past two years.
Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of mepolizumab following administration at subcutaneous and intramuscular sites
Authors: Ortega Hector , Yancey Steve , Cozens Simon 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study characterized the pharmacokinetics (PK) of mepolizumab, after a single intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), or intramuscular (IM) dose in healthy adults and determined the absolute bioavailability of SC and IM mepolizumab delivered at different anatomical regions. Sixty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of either mepolizumab 250 mg by IV, SC injection (upper arm, abdomen, or thigh); or IM injection (thigh). Following IV administration, the mean maximum observed plasma mepolizumab concentration (Cmax) and the mean area under the concentration versus time curves from time zero to infinity (AUC(0‐∞)) were 109 ± 17 µg/mL and 1,557 ± 250 µg d/mL, respectively. After SC administration, the mean (±SD) values of Cmax and AUC(0‐∞) were 34.1–38.2 ± 7.3–12.1 µg/mL and 1,110–1,238 ± 228–372 µg d/mL, respectively. Following IM administration, the mean values of Cmax and AUC(0‐∞) were 46.9 ± 10.6 µg/mL and 1,395 ± 348 µg d/mL. The median terminal half‐life was similar for SC, IM and IV administration (17.9–20.4, 19.2, and 18.5 days, respectively). The overall mean bioavailability of SC mepolizumab was 64–75%, and absorption was relatively similar for the three SC injection sites. Mepolizumab 250 mg was generally well tolerated in this study. These results support flexibility in the SC injection site for mepolizumab.
Fabrication of Metal‐Nanoparticle‐Modified Semiconducting Copper– and Silver–TCNQ Materials as Substrates for the Reduction of Chromium(VI) Using Thiosulfate Ions at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Pearson Andrew , O'Mullane Anthony P. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe formation of readily recoverable and reusable organic semiconducting Cu‐ and AgTCNQ (TCNQ=7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane) microstructures decorated with Pt and Pd metallic nanoparticles is described for the effective reduction of CrVI ions in aqueous solution at room temperature using both formic acid and an environmentally friendly thiosulfate reductant. The M‐TCNQ (M=metal) materials were formed by electrocrystallisation onto a glassy carbon surface followed by galvanic replacement in the presence of H2PtCl6 or PdCl2 to form the composite material. It was found that loading of the surface with nanoparticles could easily be controlled by changing the metal salt concentration. Significantly, the M‐TCNQ substrates facilitated the formation of well‐isolated metal nanoparticles on their surfaces under appropriate galvanic replacement conditions. The semiconductor–metal nanoparticle combination was also found to be critical to the catalyst performance, wherein the best‐performing material was CuTCNQ modified by well‐isolated Pt nanoparticles with both formic acid and thiosulfate ions as the reductant.
Performance evaluation of multiuser diversity in multiuser two‐hop cooperative multi‐relay wireless networks using maximal ratio combining over Rayleigh fading channels
Authors: Al‐Mistarihi Mamoun F. , Mohaisen Rami , Sharaqa Ashraf , Shurman Mohammad M. , Darabkh Khalid A. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYMultiuser diversity (MUD) cooperative wireless networks combine the features of the MIMO systems without confronting the physical layer constraints by providing multiple copies of the transmitted signal from the source to the destination with the help of the relay node. Cooperative wireless networks have attracted the full attention in the last few years and are implemented widely in many wireless communication systems to adapt for the fading impairments, provide higher data rates, and improve the performance of the wireless communication systems. In this paper, we present an informative study for the reason of evaluating the performance of the MUD in the multiuser two‐hop cooperative multi‐relay networks using maximal ratio combining. Furthermore, we derive tight closed‐form expressions of outage probability and symbol error probability for the amplify‐and‐forward and fixed decode‐and‐forward protocols with the MUD. Additionally, we conduct a simulation study to show to what extent our analytical and simulation results agree with each other. It is worthy to mention that our analytical and simulation results agree fairly with each other under high average signal‐to‐noise ratio, whereas they show that our proposed system with multiple relays provides significant improvements over those previously proposed systems having only one relay. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potassium fluoride impregnated CaO/NiO: An efficient heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification of waste cottonseed oil
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Ali Amjad 
Published: September 2013

Potassium fluoride impregnated CaO/NiO has been prepared by wet impregnation method in nano particle form as supported by powder XRD, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy studies. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and basic sites measurement studies have been performed to establish the effect of potassium fluoride impregnation on catalyst surface morphology and basic strength. CaO/NiO impregnated with 20 wt% potassium fluoride was used as solid catalyst for the transesterification of waste cottonseed oil having up to 5.8 wt% free fatty acid content. The variables used for the transesterification were, KF impregnated on CaO/NiO, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and methanol to oil molar ratio. Reaction parameters have been optimized to achieve the least reaction period for the completion of the reaction. Complete transesterification (>99% FAMEs yield) of waste cottonseed oil with methanol (1:15 molar ratio) required 4 h in the presence of 5 wt% catalyst (with respect to oil) at 65°C. Reusability study suggests that catalyst could be recycled for four successive runs without significant loss in activity. A pseudo first order kinetic equation was applied to evaluate the kinetic parameters and under optimized conditions first order rate constant and activation energy was found to be 0.023 min−1 and 41.2 kJ/mol, respectively. Few physicochemical properties of the prepared biodiesel sample have also been studied and compared with standard values.Practical applications: In India, application of edible vegetable oils for biodiesel production is prohibited to avoid food versus fuel situation. Application of waste cottonseed oil (WCO) for biodiesel production could circumvent this problem. However, homogeneous alkali catalyst could not be employed due to the presence of high free fatty acid contents in such feedstock. In this context present study demonstrates the impregnation preparation of KF impregnated CaO/NiO and its application as reusable solid catalyst for the transesterification of WCO.
Asymmetric syn‐Aldol Reaction of α‐Hydroxy Ketones with Tertiary Amine Catalysts
Authors: Baś Sebastian , Woźniak Łukasz , Cygan Judyta , Mlynarski Jacek 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe tertiary amine‐catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reaction of 2‐hydroxyacetophenones (2‐hydroxy‐1‐arylethanones) with a variety of aliphatic aldehydes has been demonstrated. By using 20 mol‐% of unmodified cinchonine as catalyst, the direct aldol reaction products were isolated in good yields and with remarkably high syn diastereocontrol and good asymmetric induction (40–78 % ee). This newly elaborated tertiary‐amine‐catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reaction has extended the scope of organocatalytic processes to aromatic α‐hydroxy ketones, which have hitherto been unreactive towards enamine catalysis.
Multivalent Functionalization of Cyclodextrins by Photochemical Thiol‐Ene Addition Reaction
Authors: Becker Maria M. , Zeng Zhaoyang , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCyclodextrins are among the most popular host compounds in supramolecular chemistry. In this paper we describe a versatile approach to the multivalent functionalization of cyclodextrins by using photochemical thiol‐alkene addition reactions (“thiol‐ene click chemistry”). Starting from cyclodextrins allylated at the 2‐OH, 3‐OH and/or 6‐OH positions, a range of thiols could be introduced in good to excellent yields. By using alkanethiols substituted with hydroxy, carboxylic acid, ester, protected amine, and tetraethyleneglycol groups, a broad variety of functionalized cyclodextrins was obtained. By using fluorinated alkanethiols, highly fluorinated cyclodextrins (up to 56 wt.‐% of fluorine) were obtained in excellent yield.
An accurate strength amplification factor for the design of SDOF systems with P–Δ effects
Authors: Amara Fabio , Bosco Melina , Marino Edoardo M. , Rossi Pier Paolo 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThe response of structures subjected to seismic actions is always influenced by P–Δ effects. The importance of this effect is generally modest for structures experiencing an elastic response but often relevant for structures responding well within the inelastic range of behaviour. Seismic codes indicate that P–Δ effects may be counterbalanced through an increase in the structural strength required by a first order analysis. This increase is calculated by means of a strength amplification factor. The expressions suggested in codes for this factor are simplistic and often criticized by researchers.In this paper, the effectiveness of some of the provisions reported in the literature or suggested in seismic codes is evaluated on single degree of freedom systems with different periods of vibration. As suggested by past studies, attention is focused on the influence of the interstorey drift sensitivity coefficient, significant duration of the ground motion, class of the site soil, displacement ductility and equivalent viscous damping ratio of the system. Finally, an accurate expression of the strength amplification factor is proposed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of soil moisture‐climate feedbacks on CMIP5 projections: First results from the GLACE‐CMIP5 experiment
Authors: Seneviratne Sonia I. , Wilhelm Micah , Stanelle Tanja , van den Hurk Bart , Hagemann Stefan , Berg Alexis , Cheruy Frederique , Higgins Matthew E. , Meier Arndt , Brovkin Victor , Claussen Martin , Ducharne Agnès , Dufresne Jean‐Louis , Findell Kirsten L. , Ghattas Joséfine , Lawrence David M. , Malyshev Sergey , Rummukainen Markku , Smith Benjamin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe Global Land‐Atmosphere Climate Experiment–Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (GLACE‐CMIP5) is a multimodel experiment investigating the impact of soil moisture‐climate feedbacks in CMIP5 projections. We present here first GLACE‐CMIP5 results based on five Earth System Models, focusing on impacts of projected changes in regional soil moisture dryness (mostly increases) on late 21st century climate. Projected soil moisture changes substantially impact climate in several regions in both boreal and austral summer. Strong and consistent effects are found on temperature, especially for extremes (about 1–1.5 K for mean temperature and 2–2.5 K for extreme daytime temperature). In the Northern Hemisphere, effects on mean and heavy precipitation are also found in most models, but the results are less consistent than for temperature. A direct scaling between soil moisture‐induced changes in evaporative cooling and resulting changes in temperature mean and extremes is found in the simulations. In the Mediterranean region, the projected soil moisture changes affect about 25% of the projected changes in extreme temperature.
UK Cross‐Border Cooperation: Extending Rescue to Jersey Debtors on a ‘Passporting’ Basis
Authors: Omar Paul J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article looks at the scope of using, via the Letter of Request method, the insolvency laws of another jurisdiction in circumstances where the laws of the requesting jurisdiction do not adequately cater for the type of proceeding required. Copyright © 2013 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fiber‐Based Composite Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Drug Delivery
Authors: Trachtenberg Jordan E. , Mountziaris Paschalia M. , Kasper F. Kurtis , Mikos Antonios G. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDrug delivery through tissue‐engineered scaffolds provides a composite approach to address the regenerative limitations of simple material implantation, providing expanded avenues for therapeutic tissue‐repair strategies in the clinic. Both nano‐ and microfibrous scaffolds generated by a variety of techniques have been investigated for their potential in drug‐delivery applications. While nanofibers mimic the structure and organization of natural extracellular matrix, microfibers provide more sustained release of drugs, larger pores to facilitate cell infiltration, and improved mechanical support. Various methods exist to embed drugs within the fiber matrix to modulate the release kinetics specific to the tissue‐engineering application. The current article reviews the established and emerging fabrication methods for drug‐loaded fiber‐based scaffolds and addresses how further combination into composite scaffolds can enhance drug delivery and tissue regeneration.
A Simple, Fast Correction Method of Triglyceride Interference in Blood Hemoglobin Automated Measurement
Authors: Zeng Su‐Gen , Zeng Ting‐Ting , Jiang Hong , Wang Lan‐Lan , Tang Shu‐Qiang , Sun Yu‐Ming , Ying Bin‐Wu , Jia Yong‐Qian 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundTo establish a reliable correction method for automated hemoglobin (HGB) measurement by minimizing the interference from blood high triglyceride (TG).MethodsFifty whole blood samples and 50 plasma samples containing variable TG concentrations were used to determine the centrifugation speed and time. Complete blood cell counts (CBCs) were performed by an automated hematology analyzer for 102 blood samples, in which high‐level TG were artificially added. The same blood samples were centrifuged at low –speed to separate the plasma from blood cells. Then the plasma was analyzed by the same analyzer. By using the two CBC results, a correction formula was established to calculate the corrected HGB, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values. Comparisons were also made of HGB, MCH, and MCHC values before and after correction of in‐patient individuals who received intralipid and developed lipemia.ResultsThe percentage differences between the corrected and true values of HGB, MCH and MCHC were −0.28%, 0.06%, and −0.31%, respectively. The correlation coefficients of corrected values versus true values of HGB, MCH, and MCHC were 0.989, 0.935, and 0.717, respectively. This correction method was also effective for native lipemic samples.ConclusionHigh blood TG level can cause blood turbidity and erroneously high HGB results by hematology analyzers commonly used in clinical laboratories. Adding a simple step of low‐speed centrifugation and measurement of HGB in the plasma fraction allows a quick correction of HGB measurement in lipemic blood samples.
Can We Predict Postoperative Pancreatic Leakage After Pancreaticoduodenectomy Using Preoperative Fecal Elastase‐1 Level?
Authors: Shin Hyun Wook , Kim Jae Keun , Park Joon Seong , Yoon Dong Sup 
Published: September 2013

IntroductionThe measurement of fecal elastas‐1 in stools is a sensitive and relatively inexpensive noninvasive test. The aim of this study was to study fecal elastase levels in patients who develop pancreatic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) to determine if fecal elastase level can be used to predict patients at high risk for pancreatic leakage after PD.MethodsPancreatic function was considered normal when fecal elastase‐1 concentration exceeded 200 μg/g feces and moderately or severely insufficient when fecal elastas‐1 concentration was less than 200 μg/g feces.ResultsOf 123 patients who underwent PD, 67 (54.5%) showed fecal elastase‐1 levels less than 200 μg/g, indicating moderate or severe pancreatic insufficiency. Pancreas texture, pathology origin, and level of γ‐glutamyl transferase (r‐GT) were significantly correlated with fecal elastas‐1 level. On univariate analysis, the incidence of pancreatic leakage was significantly greater in the group with normal fecal elastase‐1 level (≥200 μg/g), pathologic origin (bile duct/ampulla/duodenum), and soft pancreas texture. In multivariate analysis, normal fecal elastase‐1 level (≥200 μg/g) and soft pancreatic texture were identified as independent factors for pancreatic leakage.ConclusionsFecal elastase‐1 is the most simple and objective method for predicting pancreatic leakage after PD.
Stratified Reporting of High Sensitivity Troponin I Assay Is Associated With Suboptimal Management of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Intermediate Troponin Elevation
Authors: Kim Jiwon , Gaddam Sainath , Wu Wen‐Chih , Behera Vikram , Sharma Satish , Choudhary Gaurav 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundNewer troponin assays provide high sensitivity and precision and are reported in a stratified manner by some laboratories. We sought to investigate the clinical impact of such reporting in the treatment of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsWe identified patients presenting with suspected ACS over a one‐year period. Patients were stratified based on their peak troponin I values within 24 hours of admission into the following categories as reported by our laboratory: troponin value ≤0.03 ng/ml, which is reported as normal (negative troponin group), troponin value 0.04–0.29 ng/ml, which is reported as suggestive of myocardial damage (intermediate troponin group), and troponin value ≥0.3 ng/ml which is reported as indicative of myocardial necrosis (high troponin group).ResultsPlasma troponin concentrations were ≤0.03 ng/ml in 77 patients (68.7%), 0.04–0.29 ng/ml in 18 patients (16.1%), and ≥0.30 ng/ml in 17 patients (15.2%). Patients in the intermediate troponin group had thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) risk scores that were similar to that of the high troponin group. Despite this, patients in the intermediate troponin group were almost 50% less likely to receive coronary angiography, anticoagulation, and clopidogrel when compared to the high troponin group.ConclusionPatients in the intermediate troponin group that meet the guideline definition of acute myocardial infarction are less likely to receive optimal medical and invasive therapy as compared to the high troponin group even though TIMI risk scores were similar in the two groups.