bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid detection of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus using a hand‐held nucleic acid detection system
Authors: Wang Zhen , Lu Wen , Li Xiutong , Xu Na , Lin Lihong , Song Qi , Liu Yiteng , Hu Zhiyang , Guo Sheng , Gao Yibo , Wen Weijia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSalmonella and Staphylococcus aureus are common pathogens that cause foodborne illnesses. Currently, the detection of these pathogens involves time‐consuming procedures, namely isolation, cultivation, and biochemical identification, making it impossible for on‐site real‐time testing. In this study, we developed a compact hand‐held real‐time fluorescent nucleic acid testing device and specific lyophilized reagents to achieve rapid detection of Salmonella and S. aureus within 30 min. The detection sensitivity was 100 colony‐forming units (CFU)/mL for Salmonella and 125 CFU/mL for S. aureus. This technique significantly reduced the detection time compared with the traditional cultivation method. Even at low initial concentrations of 5 CFU/mL for Salmonella and 15 CFU/mL for S. aureus, it demonstrated superior performance compared with traditional cultivation, detecting the target bacteria more than 2 days earlier than that method. Notably, we achieved 100% in the detection of Salmonella and S. aureus using spiked pastry samples. In addition, the proposed detection system exhibited excellent specificity when tested against 27 bacterial strains. In conclusion, the proposed nucleic acid detection system provides a viable, miniaturized solution for rapid detection of bacteria.
Music and city branding: Auckland as a ‘City of Music’
Authors: Kim Hanju , Lewis Nicolas , Kearns Robin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe examine Auckland's ‘City of Music’ (ACM) place branding initiative, outlining its aspirations and gauging its contribution to the vitality of Auckland's underlying music scene. We draw on documentary evidence, media reports, first‐hand observations and a series of interviews with brand advocates and music insiders. The paper highlights tensions between the ‘City of Music’ brand and the understandings of those whose work, identities, daily lives and lived spaces are appropriated to give it substance. We conclude that ACM has injected resources into the Auckland music ‘scene’ but fails to represent faithfully its vitality and complex ecology.
Property tax‐induced mobility and redistribution: Evidence from mass reappraisals
Authors: Fraenkel Rebecca 
Published: August 2024

AbstractI investigate the effect of property tax changes on homeowner mobility and voted tax rates using a panel of assessment and sales records in Ohio. I use redistributive mass reappraisals that cause changes in an individual's tax price of local services to examine how changes in homeowner's tax bills influence mobility. I find that a $0.10 increase in the price per dollar of services leads to a 5% increase in the likelihood of sale with no change in foreclosure probability. I also find suggestive evidence of increased voted tax rates when the ratio of median to mean taxable value decreases.
The beliefs and practices used to promote physical and mental health in youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, or queer plus (LGBTIQ+) experiencing housing insecurity: An integrative review
Authors: Poskin Mary , Turk Melanie , Nolfi David , Klotzbaugh Ralph , Dietz Craig 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this integrative review was to explore the beliefs and practices used to promote physical and mental health among youth ages 18–25 years, identifying as LGBTIQ+ experiencing housing insecurity.MethodThe approach used strategies described by Whittemore and Knafl. Peer‐reviewed, published research articles in English were identified using eight electronic databases. Eighteen research reports using qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods were identified. Articles were evaluated for quality using the American Association of Critical Care Nurses Evidenced‐Level Hierarchy evaluation tool. Data were analyzed and synthesized using Braun and Clarke's method.FindingsFour themes related to the purpose were extracted: pervasive experiences of stigma and discrimination, constantly attuned to navigating risks, inconsistent engagement in health information and care, and inner strength developed through personal and community experiences.DiscussionThere are strong implications for future research, public health nursing practice, and health policy. Public health nurses should incorporate social determinants of health (addressing harmful social processes such as homophobia and racism) as well as a strength‐based upstream approach in research, education, and health care practices. More research must also be done to assess engagement in physical and mental health information and care.
Insights into Bacillus zanthoxyliHS1‐mediated systemic tolerance: multifunctional implications for enhanced plant tolerance to abiotic stresses
Authors: Barghi Anahita , Jung Ho Won 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAbiotic stresses significantly impact agricultural productivity and food security. Innovative strategies, including the use of plant‐derived compounds and plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are necessary to enhance plant resilience. This study delved into how Bacillus zanthoxyli HS1 (BzaHS1) and BzaHS1‐derived volatile organic compounds (VOC) conferred systemic tolerance against salt and heat stresses in cabbage and cucumber plants. Direct application of a BzaHS1 strain or exposure of BzaHS1‐derived VOC to cabbage and cucumber plants promoted seedling growth under stressed conditions. This induced systemic tolerance was associated with increased mRNA expression and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), or ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.1), leading to a reduction in oxidative stress in cabbage and cucumber plants. Plants co‐cultured with BzaHS1 and exposed to BzaHS1‐derived VOC triggered the accumulation of callose and minimized stomatal opening in response to high salt and temperature stresses, respectively. In contrast, exogenous treatment of azelaic acid, a well‐characterized plant defense primer, had no significant impact on the seedling growth of cabbage and cucumber plants grown under abiotic stress conditions. Taken together, BzaHS1 and its VOC show potential for enhancing plant tolerance responses to salt and heat stresses through modulation of osmotic stress‐regulatory networks.
Beyond Reverse Racism: A Research Note on How White College Students Construct the Myth of Silencing in the Classroom
Authors: Ortiz Stephanie M. , Bennet Carley , Rizzo Nicholas , Guerrero Breanny 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe popular rhetoric of “reverse racism” suggests that white students are victimized by racism, but it is unclear what contemporary white college students specifically find negative about their experiences in race classrooms. Analyzing interviews and open‐ended survey data from 54 white undergraduates at a predominantly white university in the Northeast, this research note shows that “reverse racism” is not the primary framework through which respondents interpret their negative classroom experiences. Instead, respondents rely on racist tropes about people of color to position themselves as silenced in these settings. We show how respondents (1) describe hypothetical scenarios involving explosive professors and students of color, and (2) view the race classroom as a space for learning “different perspectives,” in order to (3) claim that their whiteness renders them ineligible to participate in class discussions. Amidst political and academic condemnation of “cancel culture” and the perpetuation of myths that left‐wing activists of color unjustly target free speech, white students may incorporate these concerns into their meaning‐making. Although respondents do not explicitly invoke “reverse racism,” we argue that these narratives still reinforce the existing racial structure. These preliminary findings suggest the need for further exploration of white students' complex reactions to race classes in the current sociopolitical context.
Automated external defibrillator location selection considering myocardial infarction risk and medical resources
Authors: Yao Yao , Shao Ledi , Yin Hanyu , Xu Changwu , Guo Zihao , Chen Honghuang , Cheng Junyi , Zhang Xiaotong , Xie Jiteng , Feng Chenqi , Guan Qingfeng , Luo Peng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe effective deployment of medical emergency equipment, such as automated external defibrillator (AED), is essential to myocardial infarction (MI) patients. However, there are shortcomings in current studies that simultaneously consider the risk of MI and the availability of medical resources when siting the AEDs. In this study, an AED site recommendation framework was proposed to address the lack of consideration for both the MI risk and medical resources when siting the AEDs. It conducts the AED sitting under different scenarios considering the spatial distribution of MI risk and healthcare accessibility in Chinese cities. First, an automated machine learning framework data is proposed to estimate the MI risk at the community scale based on multi‐source spatio‐temporal. Second, the accessibility of medical resources was calculated by an improved Gaussian two‐step moving search algorithm. Finally, the AED siting in multiple scenarios is conducted based on the coverage model. The performance of the AED siting model was evaluated at Wuhan city. The results show that MI risk is impacted by both socioeconomic and cultural characteristics (municipal utilities, streetscape environment, educational and commercial facilities). There is a strong spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of both MI risk and medical resources in Wuhan, and an unreasonable match between the two was detected in some regions. Medical resources need to be strengthened in some high‐risk areas, such as rural areas and tourist attractions. In addition, 1015 AED candidate sites were identified by the location set covering problem model, with a 15‐min accessibility rate of 96.5%. Given the limited resources, mobile AEDs which have about 15‐min service range can be deployed based on the maximum covering location problem model to meet the demand in central urban areas efficiently. This study can contribute to more rational selection of AED sites and the prevention of myocardial infarction among residents, particularly when supported by policies that promote balanced regional development of pre‐hospital medical emergency networks.
Trends and correlates in HIV viral load monitoring and viral suppression among adolescents and young adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Rugemalila Joan , Kunambi Peter P. , Amour Maryam , Sambu Veryeh , Kisonjela Fikiri , Rugarabamu Angelica , Mahande Michael , Sando David , Sudfeld Christopher R. , Sunguya Bruno , Nagu Tumaini , Aboud Said 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents and young adults (AYA) living with HIV have been shown to have lower rates of viral load testing and viral suppression as compared to older adults. We examined trends over time and predictors of HIV viral load monitoring and viral suppression among AYA in a large HIV treatment programme in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.MethodsWe analysed longitudinal data of AYA aged 10–24 years initiated on antiretroviral therapy between January 2017 and October 2022. Trend models were used to assess changes in HIV viral load testing and viral suppression by calendar year. Generalised estimating equations were used to examine the relationship of sociodemographic and clinical factors with HIV viral load testing and viral suppression.ResultsOut of 15,759 AYA, the percentage of those who received a 6‐month HIV viral load testing increased from 40.6% in 2017 to 64.7% in 2022 and, a notable annual increase of 5.6% (p < 0.001). A higher HIV viral load testing uptake was observed among 20‐ to 24‐year‐olds (87.7%) compared to 10‐ to 19‐year‐olds (80.2%) (p < 0.001). The likelihood of not receiving an HIV viral load test within 12 months of antiretroviral therapy initiation was higher among 10‐ to 19‐year‐olds (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–2.0), advanced HIV disease (aOR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.12–1.53), normal nutrition status at enrolment aOR 2.6 (95% CI = 1.59–4.26) and initiation of non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors regimen aOR 1.2 (95% CI = 1.08–1.34). The proportion of AYA with viral suppression increased from 83.0% in 2017 to 94.6% in 2022. Notably, the overall trend in viral suppression increased significantly at 2.4% annually. The risk of not achieving viral suppression was greater among 10‐ to 14‐year‐olds (aOR = 2; 95% CI = 1.75–2.43) and 15‐ to 19‐year‐olds (aOR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.24–1.58) as compared to 20–24 years; being male (aOR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.02–1.32); undernourished (aOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.17–1.99); in WHO Stage II (aOR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.02–1.33) and III (aOR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.03–1.42) and being on an non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors regimen (aOR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.18–1.48).ConclusionHIV viral load testing uptake at 6 months of antiretroviral therapy initiation and viral suppression increased from 2017 to 2022; however, overall HIV viral load testing was suboptimal. Demographic and clinical characteristics can be used to identify AYA at greater risk for not having HIV viral load test and not achieving viral suppression.
Inequalities in lifespan and mortality risk in the US, 2015–2019: a cross-sectional analysis of subpopulations by social determinants of health
Authors: Bergeron-Boucher Marie-Pier , Callaway Julia , Strozza Cosmo , Oeppen Jim 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo quantify inequalities in lifespan across multiple social determinants of health, how they act in tandem with one another, and to create a scoring system that can accurately identify subgroups of the population at high risk of mortality.DesignComparison of life tables across 54 subpopulations defined by combinations of four social determinants of health: sex, marital status, education and race, using data from the Multiple Cause of Death dataset and the American Community Survey.SettingUnited States, 2015–2019.Main outcome measuresWe compared the partial life expectancies (PLEs) between age 30 and 90 years of all subpopulations. We also developed a scoring system to identify subgroups at high risk of mortality.ResultsThere is an 18.0-year difference between the subpopulations with the lowest and highest PLE. Differences in PLE between subpopulations are not significant in most pairwise comparisons. We visually illustrate how the PLE changes across social determinants of health. There is a complex interaction among social determinants of health, with no single determinant fully explaining the observed variation in lifespan. The proposed scoring system adds clarification to this interaction by yielding a single score that can be used to identify subgroups that might be at high risk of mortality. A similar scoring system by cause of death was also created to identify which subgroups could be considered at high risk of mortality from specific causes. Even if subgroups have similar mortality levels, they are often subject to different cause-specific mortality risks.ConclusionsHaving one characteristic associated with higher mortality is often not sufficient to be considered at high risk of mortality, but the risk increases with the number of such characteristics. Reducing inequalities is vital for societies, and better identifying individuals and subgroups at high risk of mortality is necessary for public health policy.
Predictive signature of murine and human host response to typical and atypical pneumonia
Authors: McCravy Matthew , O’Grady Nicholas , Khan Kirin , Betancourt-Quiroz Marisol , Zaas Aimee K , Treece Amy E , Yang Zhonghui , Que Loretta , Henao Ricardo , Suchindran Sunil , Ginsburg Geoffrey S , Woods Christopher W , McClain Micah T , Tsalik Ephraim L 
Published: August 2024

Background
Pneumonia due to typical bacterial, atypical bacterial and viral pathogens can be difficult to clinically differentiate. Host response-based diagnostics are emerging as a complementary diagnostic strategy to pathogen detection.

Methods

We used murine models of typical bacterial, atypical bacterial and viral pneumonia to develop diagnostic signatures and understand the host’s response to these types of infections. Mice were intranasally inoculated with
Streptococcus pneumoniae
,
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
, influenza or saline as a control. Peripheral blood gene expression analysis was performed at multiple time points. Differentially expressed genes were used to perform gene set enrichment analysis and generate diagnostic signatures. These murine-derived signatures were externally validated in silico using human gene expression data. The response to
S. pneumoniae
was the most rapid and robust.

Results

Mice infected with
M. pneumoniae
had a delayed response more similar to influenza-infected animals. Diagnostic signatures for the three types of infection had 0.94–1.00 area under the receiver operator curve (auROC). Validation in five human gene expression datasets revealed auROC of 0.82–0.96.

Discussion
This study identified discrete host responses to typical bacterial, atypical bacterial and viral aetiologies of pneumonia in mice. These signatures validated well in humans, highlighting the conserved nature of the host response to these pathogen classes.
Medical education needs a new model for global leadership
Authors: Rashid Mohammed Ahmed , Naidu Thirusha 
Published: August 2024

Background
Like other fields in medicine, medical education relies on collaboration and cooperation between countries and regions of the world, although no single institution or position unifies the global medical education community in the way that the WHO does in public health, for example. Recent research in medical education has drawn attention to many injustices that exist in the field, where power and influence is held in relatively few Global North countries, although most practice happens in Global South countries.

Methods
In this article, we examine three positions that hold global prominence in medical education, including the presidents of the World Federation for Medical Education and the Association for Medical Education in Europe, and winners of the Karolinska Institutet Prize for Research in Medical Education.

Findings
We highlight that these positions have problematic histories and have perpetuated the current power disparities in the field. We argue that an alternative model for global leadership is required that should be determined democratically by those involved in medical education all around the world. Such a model should prioritise diversity and inclusivity, empowering leaders from countries who have previously been peripheral to the decision-making platforms in the field.

Conclusion
Given the shortcomings of existing leadership positions and organisations, we suggest that a new institution is required to realise this new vision, and that the principles that govern it should be determined through debate and democracy, with a focus on inviting those voices that have not previously been heard in global medical education circles.
Benchmark of deep-inelastic-scattering structure functions at $$\mathcal {O}\left( \alpha _s ^3\right) $$
Authors: Bertone Valerio , Karlberg Alexander 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe present a benchmark comparison of the massless inclusive deep-inelastic-scattering (DIS) structure functions up to $$\mathcal {O}(\alpha _s ^3)$$

O
(

α
s
3

)

in perturbative QCD. The comparison is performed using the codes apfel++ and hoppet within the framework of the variable-flavour-number scheme and over a broad kinematic range relevant to the extraction of parton distribution functions. We provide results for both the single structure functions and the reduced cross sections in both neutral- and charged-current DIS. Look-up tables for future reference are included, and we also release the code used for the benchmark.
Stability analysis of charged neutron stars and Darmois junction conditions
Authors: Gul M. Zeeshan , Sharif M. , Arooj Adeeba , Jami A. Rehman , Dayanandan Baiju 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research article examines the impact of $$f({\mathcal {Q}},{\mathcal {T}})$$

f
(
Q
,
T
)

theory on the geometry of charged neutron stars filled with anisotropic matter configuration. Here, $${\mathcal {Q}}$$
Q
represents non-metricity and $${\mathcal {T}}$$
T
denotes the trace of energy-momentum tensor. We use a particular functional form of this modified theory to reduce the system’s complexity and derive explicit relations of the energy density and pressure components. Further, we consider viable non-singular solutions to analyze the internal structure of the charged neutron stars. The unspecified parameters in the metric coefficients are evaluated through Darmois junction conditions, which ensures consistency between interior and exterior solutions of the stellar objects. These parameters are then used to explore different physical characteristics such as the behavior of energy density, pressure components, anisotropy, energy bounds, equation of state parameter, compactness and redshift function in the interior of charged neutron stars. The stability and equilibrium states of the charged stellar objects are discussed using the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation and the speed of sound, respectively. Our results suggest that the charged neutron stars are viable and stable in the presence of dark source terms.
Spontaneous Emergence of Robustness to Light Variation in CNNs With a Precortically Inspired Module
Authors: Petkovic J. , Fioresi R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The analogies between the mammalian primary visual cortex and the structure of CNNs used for image classification tasks suggest that the introduction of an additional preliminary convolutional module inspired by the mathematical modeling of the precortical neuronal circuits can improve robustness with respect to global light intensity and contrast variations in the input images. We validate this hypothesis using the popular databases MNIST, FashionMNIST, and SVHN for these variations once an extra module is added.
Du neutre, ici en français mais également là(-bas) en arabe
Authors: Sartori Manuel 
Published: August 2024

Résumé
Cet article ambitionne d’interroger, pour l’arabe, les emplois neutres du point de vue du genre de réalités qui ne le sont pas forcément du point de vue grammatical. Il montre que certaines formes dites « masculines » ont en fait un emploi neutre du point de vue du genre, faisant fonctionnellement de ce « masculin » un neutre par défaut. Ceci rappelle qu’il n’y a pas de relation biunivoque entre genre grammatical d’une part et identité sexuée d’autre part. Pour ce faire, plusieurs exemples sont pris qui illustrent à la fois des emplois neutralisés du point de vue du genre, mais aussi des formes de neutralisation où le masculin originel a été amputé de sa marque spécifique de masculin, et qui rappellent enfin l’existence de formes intrinsèquement neutres. L’article montre particulièrement par le biais des démonstratifs d’éloignement (ḏālika, ...) et des déictiques « là » (hunāka) et « là-bas » (hunālika), qui sont tous formés par l’adjonction du kāf al-ḫiṭāb (« kāf d’adresse ») et qui connaissaient tous originellement une flexion (ḏāliki, hunākumā, hunālikum, etc.), que nous voyons à l’œuvre le figement en -ka de ce kāf al-ḫiṭāb. Ce figement n’est pas l’écrasement du féminin et du non-singulier au profit du seul masculin singulier, mais le résultat d’un emploi neutralisé, par recours à la forme la moins marquée du système. La fin est d’éviter une flexion en genre et nombre en fonction de celui (désormais neutre) à qui l’on s’adresse.