bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of fourth heart sound and preserved left atrial function in wild‐type transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Ochi Yuri , Yamasaki Naohito , Kubo Toru , Baba Yuichi , Miyagawa Kazuya , Noguchi Tatsuya , Hirota Takayoshi , Hamada Tomoyuki , Kitaoka Hiroaki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsA fourth heart sound (S4) was reported to be almost never present in patients with amyloid light‐chain cardiomyopathy. There have been no reports on S4 in patients with wild‐type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTRwt‐CM). This study aimed to clarify the clinical implications of S4 in patients with ATTRwt‐CM.Methods and resultsSeventy‐six patients with ATTRwt‐CM (mean age: 80.4 ± 5.4 years, 68 males) who had undergone phonocardiography (PCG) were retrospectively assessed. We measured S4 amplitude on digitally recorded PCG. S4 was considered to be present when its amplitude was 1.0 mm or greater on the PCG. Distinct S4 was defined as S4 with an amplitude of 2.0 mm or greater, which is usually recognizable by auscultation. According to the rhythm and presence or absence of S4, the patients were divided into three groups, namely, sinus rhythm (SR) with S4, SR without S4, and non‐SR. Non‐SR consisted of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and atrial tachycardia. Thirty‐six patients were in SR and the remaining 40 patients were in non‐SR. In the 36 patients in SR, S4 was shown by PCG to be present in 17 patients (47%), and distinct S4 was recognized in 7 patients (19%) by auscultation. In patients who were in SR, those with S4 had higher systolic blood pressure (124 ± 15 vs. 99 ± 8 mmHg, P < 0.001), lower level of plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide (308 [interquartile range (IQR): 165, 354] vs. 508 [389, 765] pg/mL, P = 0.034) and lower level of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (0.068 [0.046, 0.089] vs. 0.109 [0.063, 0.148] ng/mL, P = 0.042) than those without S4. There was no significant difference in left atrium (LA) volume index or LA reservoir strain between patients with S4 and without S4. Patients with S4 had more preserved LA systolic function than those without S4 (peak atrial filling velocity: 53 ± 25 vs. 34 ± 9 cm/s, P = 0.033; LA contractile strain: 4.1 ± 2.1 vs. 1.6 ± 2.0%, P = 0.012). Patients in SR without S4 had worse short‐term prognosis compared with the other two groups (generalized Wilcoxon test, P = 0.033).ConclusionsS4 was present in 47% of the patients in SR with ATTRwt‐CM. Patients in SR without S4 had more impaired LA systolic function than those in SR with S4. The absence of S4 portends a poor short‐term prognosis in patients with ATTRwt‐CM.
Biomarkers at the Individual and Biochemical Level: Effects of Pure and Formulated Lambda-Cyhalothrin in Boana pulchella Tadpoles (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)
Authors: Barreto Evelina , Villanova Jorgelina , Parra Carolina , Flores Manuel , Salgado Costa Carolina , Lascano Cecilia , Natale Guillermo , Venturino Andrés 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We compared the effects of lambda-cyhalothrin as the pure active ingredient and as a formulated product (Zero®), on the larval stage of the autochthonous species Boana pulchella. We evaluated ecotoxicological endpoints, behavioral and developmental alterations, and the biochemical detoxifying, neurotoxic, and oxidative stress responses, covering a wide concentration range from environmental to high application levels. Both pyrethroid preparations displayed similar ecotoxicity (median lethal concentration of ~0.5 mg/L), with the lethal effect of Zero® being more pronounced than that of the active ingredient. Sublethal behavioral alterations in natatory activity were observed at 1000 times lower concentrations, indicating the ecological hazard of tadpole exposure to this pyrethroid at environmentally relevant concentrations. Biochemical endpoints in B. pulchella larvae showed significant responses to lambda-cyhalothrin in the ng/L range; these responses were different for the pure or the formulated product, and they were variable at higher concentrations. Principal components analysis confirmed the prevalence of biochemical responses as early endpoints at the lowest lambda-cyhalothrin concentrations; the Integrated Biomarker Response Index proportionally increased with pyrethroid concentration in a similar way for the pure and the formulated products. We conclude that lambda-cyhalothrin is of concern from an environmental perspective, with particular emphasis on autochthonous anuran development. The battery of biochemical biomarkers included in our study showed a consistent integrated biomarker response, indicating that this is a potent tool for monitoring impacts on amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2134–2144. © 2024 SETAC
Lambda-Cyhalothrin affects exposed Boana pulchella larvae in a wide range of concentrations in water, ranging from environmental to field application levels. These effects are gradually elicited, comprising biochemical responses at the very low lambda-cyhalothrin levels, summating behavioral responses at the intermediate range, and including lethal damage at the high level. Given the variability of all the responses individually observed for the pure and the formulated product, an Integrated Biomarker Response with a proportional increase with the exposure concentrations is a good way to analyze environmental risks. EC50 = median effective concentration; LC50 = median lethal concentration; LOLC = lowest-observed lethal concentration; NOLC = no-observed lethal concentration.
Early nuclear phenotypes and reactive transformation in human iPSC‐derived astrocytes from ALS patients with SOD1 mutations
Authors: Soubannier Vincent , Chaineau Mathilde , Gursu Lale , Lépine Sarah , Kalaydjian David , Sirois Julien , Haghi Ghazal , Rouleau Guy , Durcan Thomas M. , Stifani Stefano 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive death of motor neurons (MNs). Glial cells play roles in MN degeneration in ALS. More specifically, astrocytes with mutations in the ALS‐associated gene Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) promote MN death. The mechanisms by which SOD1‐mutated astrocytes reduce MN survival are incompletely understood. To characterize the impact of SOD1 mutations on astrocyte physiology, we generated astrocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived from ALS patients carrying SOD1 mutations, together with control isogenic iPSCs. We report that astrocytes harboring SOD1(A4V) and SOD1(D90A) mutations exhibit molecular and morphological changes indicative of reactive astrogliosis when compared to isogenic astrocytes. We show further that a number of nuclear phenotypes precede, or coincide with, reactive transformation. These include increased nuclear oxidative stress and DNA damage, and accumulation of the SOD1 protein in the nucleus. These findings reveal early cell‐autonomous phenotypes in SOD1‐mutated astrocytes that may contribute to the acquisition of a reactive phenotype involved in alterations of astrocyte‐MN communication in ALS.
Radiologic findings of occult nodal metastasis during clinically‐N0 salvage total laryngectomy
Authors: Chan Tyler G. , Wicks Jaime , Sethi Ila , Becker Jennifer , Brandon David , Schmitt Nicole C. , Kaka Azeem , Boyce Brian , Baddour Harry Michael , El‐Deiry Mark W. , Patel Mihir R. , Gross Jennifer H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionOccult nodal disease (OND) during clinically‐N0 salvage total laryngectomy (TL) can be detected with the Neck‐Imaging‐Reporting‐and‐Data‐Systems (NI‐RADS). However, some patients will still have OND revealed on final pathology.MethodsA retrospective study on all patients who had OND during salvage TL with elective neck dissection (END) between 2009 and 2021 was performed. Repeat CT and PET scan interpretation was performed to evaluate their preoperative imaging for suspicious features.ResultsAmong 81 salvage TL patients undergoing END, 12 (16%) had OND and a total of 26 occult nodes were identified. On pathology, the average node length [SD] was 0.6 cm [0.3]. On CT, 31% (8 of 26) had rounded morphology. On PET, most had SUVmax below blood pool. One patient scored NI‐RADS 2; the rest scored 1.ConclusionsOn re‐review of preoperative imaging, occult nodes were subtle and challenging to identify. Despite no clear impact on survival, performing an END may provide prognostic information.
Adopting a stance of vulnerability in healthcare evaluation: Amplifying the patient voice
Authors: Gulati Steve , Shrimpton Christiane , Stosic Josip 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper argues that one aspect of re‐imagining evaluation in health planning and management is for leaders and clinicians to develop comfort with vulnerability when engaging in service evaluations. Starting with an exploration of how the service user voice is traditionally expressed in healthcare evaluation, the paper then proceeds to explore the particular role and challenges faced by clinician‐evaluators, including their role as ‘privileged interlocutors’ in conversations with service users. The tensions in reconciling the role of the clinician as an expert, with the related but different skills needed for effective discourse in qualitative evaluation are explored, and it is asserted that it is important for clinicians and leaders to be comfortable in showing and working with vulnerability when evaluating healthcare interventions. Clinicians are already skilled in holding discourse with service users, and extending the communication repertoire to include the management of emotion and expression of vulnerability is achievable and rewarding. The paper concludes that the ability to hold a vulnerable stance when conducting evaluation can have benefits in reducing defensiveness, encouraging a truer sense of enquiry and amplifying the service user voice.
Phase III randomized trial comparing palliative systemic therapy to best supportive care in advanced esophageal/GEJ cancer
Authors: Noronha Vanita , Patil Vijay Maruti , Menon Nandini , Goud Supriya , Singh Ajaykumar , Shah Minit , More Sucheta , Shah Srushti , Yadav Akanksha , Sonawane Sonali , Nawale Kavita , Chowdhury Oindrila Roy , Kaushal Rajiv Kumar , Ghosh‐Laskar Sarbani , Agarwal Jai Prakash , Yadav Subhash , Pai Trupti , Janu Amit , Mahajan Abhishek , Purandare Nilendu , Banavali Shripad , Badwe Rajendra , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNo study has unequivocally proven that chemotherapy prolongs overall survival (OS) in advanced esophageal cancer. We conducted a Phase III randomized study in first‐line advanced unresectable/metastatic esophageal/GEJ cancer. Patients aged 18–70 years, with performance status 0–2, were randomized to best supportive care (BSC) alone, or BSC with weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2. BSC comprised, as indicated, education, counselling, radiation, stenting, feeding tube placement, nutritional supplementation, medications like analgesics, and referral to a support group and palliative care. The primary endpoint was OS; secondary endpoints included progression free survival (PFS), response, toxicity, and QoL. Between May 2016–December 2020, we recruited 281 patients: 143 to chemotherapy and 138 to BSC. Histopathology was squamous in 269 (95.7%) patients. Median number of paclitaxel doses was 12 (IQR, 7–23). Median OS was 4.2 months (95% CI, 3.42–5.32) in BSC, and 9.2 months (95% CI, 8.02–10.48) in chemotherapy; HR, 0.49 (95% CI, 0.39–0.64); p < .001. As compared to BSC, chemotherapy increased response (2.9% to 39%), median PFS (2.1 to 4.2 months), 1‐year OS (11% to 32%), 2‐year OS (0 to 9%), median dysphagia‐free survival (2.9 to 14.8 months), and global and esophagus‐specific QoL, without significantly increasing all‐grade or grade ≥3 toxicities. Using ESMO clinical benefit scale and ASCO Value Framework, palliative chemotherapy scored as having “substantial value.” Our study provides the first level 1 evidence that chemotherapy prolongs survival in advanced esophageal/GEJ carcinoma. BSC alone is no longer appropriate. Weekly paclitaxel is an attractive option, especially in LMICs with limited access to immunotherapy.
Predictive value of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio on admission for intrapartum maternal fever in parturients undergoing epidural analgesia: A retrospective cohort study using propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Li Kunyue , Deng Chunyun , Sun Daqi , Wang Yuxia , Li Genxia , Jiang Lihua , Wang Tao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the predictive value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on admission for intrapartum maternal fever in parturients undergoing epidural analgesia (EA).MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to address covariates. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were implemented in sequence to find out the factors influencing intrapartum fever. The receiver operating characteristics curve was applied to determine the area under the curve (AUC) of NLR for intrapartum fever.ResultsNLR and duration of EA were independent risk factors for intrapartum fever. The AUC of the combined indicator (NLR + duration of EA) was higher than that of NLR (AUC = 0.583, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53–0.64) and duration of EA (AUC = 0.702, 95% CI 0.66–0.75), reaching 0.715 (95% CI 0.67–0.76; p < 0.001). NLR increased predictive performance for intrapartum fever when added to the duration of EA (net reclassification index 0.076, p = 0.022; integrated discrimination improvement 0.020, p = 0.002).ConclusionNLR has limited predictive power for intrapartum fever. The combination of NLR and duration of epidural analgesia may be considered a promising predictor for intrapartum maternal fever in parturients undergoing epidural analgesia.SynopsisThe neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio is an accessible predictor for the early identification of parturients at risk of intrapartum fever.
Genetic Counselors' attitudes & perceptions regarding suicide risk assessment and identification in practice
Authors: Hershman Emily , Fernandes Sara , Ceulemans Sophia , Platt Dylan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile the heritability of suicidal tendencies is debated, receipt of various genetic diagnoses has shown an increased risk of suicidal ideation and behavior while simultaneously conferring risk to mental health concerns that may further increase this risk. However, the role of genetic counselors (GCs) in assessing and addressing suicide risk remains underutilized. A 15‐item recruitment survey was distributed via the National Society of Genetic Counselors Student Research Survey Listserv, and interested individuals could opt to be contacted for an interview after completion. The data analysis included 107 survey responses and 15 semi‐structured interviews, which were conducted to explore whether GCs feel that formal suicide risk assessment (SRA) falls within their scope of practice and the frequency with which it is employed during counseling sessions. Additionally, the study examined GCs' experiences, comfort levels, and training in assessing for suicide risk. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and independently coded by two researchers. The coding scheme was systematically constructed, integrating both deductive and inductive coding methods to inform the authors' interpretive description of SRA in the clinic, with four major themes identified by content analysis. Most respondents reported that they had worried about a patient harming themselves or having suicidal thoughts. Most respondents agreed or strongly agreed that SRA is within a GC's scope of practice. Lack of training emerged as the primary barrier to assessing suicide risk and conducting risk assessments. Other barriers included low self‐efficacy, societal stigma, and personal discomfort, while access to social workers, natural inclination, and standardized screening tools served as facilitators. Despite encountering patients at risk of self‐harm and suicide, most GCs do not utilize SRA tools. Furthermore, GCs expressed a strong desire for additional training to enhance their skills in identifying and managing at‐risk patients. A multifocal approach to suicide risk reduction and education is required.
Performance analysis of mathematical methods used to forecast the 2022 New York City Mpox outbreak
Authors: Kaftan David , Kim Hae‐Young , Ko Charles , Howard James S. , Dalal Prachi , Yamamoto Nao , Braithwaite R. Scott , Bershteyn Anna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn mid‐2022, New York City (NYC) became the epicenter of the US mpox outbreak. We provided real‐time mpox case forecasts to the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene to aid in outbreak response. Forecasting methodologies evolved as the epidemic progressed. Initially, lacking knowledge of at‐risk population size, we used exponential growth models to forecast cases. Once exponential growth slowed, we used a Susceptible‐Exposed‐Infectious‐Recovered (SEIR) model. Retrospectively, we explored if forecasts could have been improved using an SEIR model in place of our early exponential growth model, with or without knowing the case detection rate. Early forecasts from exponential growth models performed poorly, as 2‐week mean absolute error (MAE) grew from 53 cases/week (July 1–14) to 457 cases/week (July 15–28). However, when exponential growth slowed, providing insight into susceptible population size, an SEIR model was able to accurately predict the remainder of the outbreak (7‐week MAE: 13.4 cases/week). Retrospectively, we found there was not enough known about the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak to parameterize an SEIR model early on. However, if the at‐risk population and case detection rate were known, an SEIR model could have improved accuracy over exponential growth models early in the outbreak.
Identification of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone based on tropical easterly and subtropical westerly jets during active and break phases
Authors: Musaid Padinhare Peediyekkal , Mehta Sanjay Kumar , Tegtmeier Susann , Fujiwara Masatomo , Purushotham Pooja , Kakkanattu Sachin Philip , Betsy Karaikkattu Benzigar , Seetha Chengannikkattu Jayakrishnan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) plays a vital role in the transport and redistribution of the tracers in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during transient monsoon conditions. The ASMA can be identified using various diagnostics such as winds and divergence, potential vorticity, the Montgomery stream function or geopotential height. Its representation based on the commonly‐used existing method that takes a climatological range of the geopotential height (GPH) at a given pressure level is not robust and fails in several circumstances. In this study, we propose a new GPH method to define the ASMA for the active and break phases of the monsoon based on the GPH values at the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) and subtropical westerly jet (STJ) locations. The proposed method compares the GPH values at the locations corresponding to the wind speed maxima of TEJ and STJ at 100 hPa with the maximum GPH at 100 hPa and selects the one with the minimum difference to define the ASMA extent. The same procedures were applied to obtain the ASMA extent at 150 hPa. The ASMA extents are obtained using the method proposed here and the existing fixed GPH method for the 30 active and 27 break phases from 2005 to 2023. The fixed GPH method provides a larger ASMA extent for 24 active and 21 break phases, which appears to be an unrealistic estimation compared to the proposed method. Our proposed method identifies the ASMA extent that is larger and centred around the Iranian side during the active phases while it is smaller and centred around the Tibetan side during the break phases. Furthermore, the minimum concentration of ozone (O3), and maximum concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and water vapour (H2O) are also found to be centred near the Iranian side during the active phases and on the Tibetan side during the break phases. The tracer concentrations are generally higher for CO, H2O and O3 during the active phase than in the break phase. Tracer concentrations within the ASMA extent using the fixed GPH method are higher for O3 while lesser for CO and H2O when compared to the proposed method.
The 2022 summer heat wave over China: An analysis of the severity and dominance from the frequency and intensity of high temperature
Authors: Liu Ruisi , Yuan Dian , Lu Emily Mengfei , Li Dengao , Li Huixin , Wang Hui , Lu Er 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSummer high temperature is an important climate issue. Severe heat waves occurred over China during summer 2022. Using daily temperature, we examine the severity of the 2022 high‐temperature event, and explore the dominance of summer cumulative temperature from the frequency and intensity of high temperature, for both the interannual variation of the 63 years (1960–2022) and the year of 2022. Corresponding to different “high” temperature thresholds, the frequency (number of the days) of high temperature, the summer cumulative temperature, and the intensity of high temperature are obtained for each summer with the daily data. Statistical tests show that cumulative temperature can be linearly regressed to frequency and intensity, which can help find the dominance from the two factors. For interannual variation, the comparison of the normalized regression coefficients suggests that, in the variation of cumulative temperature, the relative importance can vary from “dominated by intensity”, which corresponds to low temperature threshold (28°C), to “dominated by frequency”, which corresponds to high threshold (36°C). For the year 2022, we compare the two terms in the regression, which uses the coefficients from multi‐year regression along with the normalized frequency and intensity of this year, to determine the relative importance. Results show that overall it also varies from “dominated by intensity” to “dominated by frequency”, with the increase in threshold. Note that, for the two cases, these are the overall situation for the whole country; however, for each specific station, whether frequency or intensity dominates needs to be determined with the measures. A moderate threshold of 32°C, which considers both frequency and intensity, is suggested for practical applications.
Electromembrane extraction of peptides based on charge, hydrophobicity, and size – A large‐scale fundamental study of the extraction window
Authors: Rye Torstein Kige , Lee Chien‐Yun , Zellner Andreas , Moen Sara Haglund , Dowlatshah Samira , Grønhaug Halvorsen Trine , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Stig , Hansen Frederik André 
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the capability of electromembrane extraction (EME) as a general technique for peptides, by extracting complex pools of peptides comprising in total of 5953 different substances, varying in size from seven to 16 amino acids. Electromembrane extraction was conducted from a sample adjusted to pH 3.0 and utilized a liquid membrane consisting of 2‐nitrophenyl octyl ether and carvacrol (1:1 w/w), containing 2% (w/w) di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate. The acceptor phase was 50 mM phosphoric acid (pH 1.8), the extraction time was 45 min, and 10 V was used. High extraction efficiency, defined as a higher peptide signal in the acceptor than the sample after extraction, was achieved for 3706 different peptides. Extraction efficiencies were predominantly influenced by the hydrophobicity of the peptides and their net charge in the sample. Hydrophobic peptides were extracted with a net charge of +1, while hydrophilic peptides were extracted when the net charge was +2 or higher. A computational model based on machine learning was developed to predict the extractability of peptides based on peptide descriptors, including the grand average of hydropathy index and net charge at pH 3.0 (sample pH). This research shows that EME has general applicability for peptides and represents the first steps toward in silico prediction of extraction efficiency.