bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nano Silica on Mechanical Properties and Durability of Normal Strength Concrete
Authors: Gopinath S. , Mouli P.Ch. , Murthy A.R. , Iyer N.R. , Maheswaran S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNano technology is an emerging field of interest for civil engineering application. Among the nano materials presently used in concrete, nano-silica possess more pozzolanic nature. It has the capability to react with the free lime during the cement hydration and forms additional C-S-H gel giving strength, impermeability and durability to concrete. Present paper investigates the effects of addition of nano silica in normal strength concrete. Three types of nano-silica in the form of nano suspension having different amount of silica content have been investigated. Mix design has been carried out by using particle packing method. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has been carried out to find the chemical composition of control concrete and nano modified concrete. Further, experimental investigations have been carried out to characterize the mechanical behaviour in compression, tension and flexure. It has been observed that the addition of nano-silica in normal strength concrete increased the compressive strength and decreased the spilt tensile strength and flexural strength. Also, Rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) has been conducted to know the chloride permeability of control concrete, nano modified concrete, and nano coated concrete. It has been observed that the chloride permeability is less for nano coated concrete.
On a Certain Method of Selection of Domain for Finite Element Modelling of the Layered Elastic Half-Space in the Static Analysis of Flexible Pavement
Authors: Nagórska M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn the flexible road pavement design a mechanistic model of a multilayered half-space with linear elastic or viscoelastic layers is usually used for the pavement analysis.This paper describes a domain selection for the purpose of a FE model creating of the linear elastic layered half-space and boundary conditions on borders of that domain. This FE model should guarantee that the key components of displacements, stresses and strains obtained using ABAQUS program would be in particular identical with those ones obtained by analytical method using VEROAD program.It to achieve matching results with both methods is relatively easy for stresses and strains. However, for displacements, using FEM to obtain correct results is (understandably) highly problematic due to infinity of half-space. This paper proposes an original method of overcoming these difficulties.
Rehabilitation of Patellar Tendinopathy Using Hip Extensor Strengthening and Landing-Strategy Modification: Case Report With 6-Month Follow-up
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Scattone , Ferreira Ana Luisa G. , Nakagawa Theresa H. , Santos José E. M. , Serrão Fábio V. 
Published: September 2015

Study Design Case report. Background Although eccentric exercises have been a cornerstone of the rehabilitation of athletes with patellar tendinopathy, the effectiveness of this intervention is sometimes less than ideal. Athletes with patellar tendinopathy have been shown to have different jump-landing patterns and lower hip extensor strength compared to asymptomatic athletes. To our knowledge, the effectiveness of an intervention addressing these impairments has not yet been investigated. Case Description The patient was a 21-year-old male volleyball athlete with a 9-month history of patellar tendon pain. Pain was measured with a visual analog scale. Disability was measured with the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-patella questionnaire. These assessments were conducted before and after an 8-week intervention, as well as at 6 months after the intervention. Hip and knee kinematics and kinetics during drop vertical jump and isometric strength were also measured before and after the 8-week intervention. The intervention consisted of hip extensor muscle strengthening and jump landing strategy modification training. The patient did not interrupt volleyball practice/competition during rehabilitation. Outcomes After the 8-week intervention and at 6 months postintervention, the athlete was completely asymptomatic during sports participation. This favorable clinical outcome was accompanied by a 50% increase in hip extensor moment, a 21% decrease in knee extensor moment, and a 26% decrease in patellar tendon force during jump landing measured at 8 weeks. Discussion This case report provides an example of how an 8-week intervention of hip muscle strengthening and jump-landing modification decreased pain and disability and improved jump-landing biomechanics in an athlete with patellar tendinopathy. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(11):899–909. Epub 21 Sep 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.6242
Patrimoine en réseau : les cendres, la braise et les droits des Amérindiens au Brésil
Authors: Freire José Ribamar Bessa , Leite Renata Daflon 
Published: September 2015

Ce chapitre traite de l’utilisation des technologies numériques par les populations amérindiennes de différentes ethnies au Brésil. Il tentera de mettre en lumière l’impact des technologies de l’information et de la communication numérique sur la consolidation du patrimoine et sur l’identité amérindienne. Il s’agira de se pencher particulièrement sur le travail d’une mémoire créative construite de façon procédurale et collaborative, en contraste avec l’idée communément admise selon laquelle la mémoire serait constituée uniquement du passé. En effet, pour les Guarani, le passé ne se trouve pas avant, mais dans le présent. L’utilisation des technologies numériques par les Amérindiens provenant de différentes ethnies au Brésil s’inscrit dans un contexte de tension entre la tradition et l’innovation, ce qui engendre des conséquences sociopolitiques et culturelles, en particulier dans le domaine de l’identité et de la mémoire. Le patrimoine en réseau, préservé à l’aide des technologies de l’information et de la communication numérique, implique des sujets actifs et engagés à leur propre préservation et à leurs propres processus. En effet, lorsqu’ils reconstruisent leur patrimoine, ils reconstruisent aussi leurs modes de subjectivité. Ils établissent ainsi une écriture d’eux-mêmes inséparable de l’écriture du monde.L’émergence de « microlibertés » amérindiennes, à travers leur entrée dans le territoire numérique, exerce une pression sur la culture de masse qui se veut universelle et qui perçoit l’« Indien » à partir d’une notion romantique, généralisatrice et associée à l’idée de retard intellectuel, économique et culturel. Ces pressions sont capables de provoquer une « déterritorialisation de la majorité », selon le concept de Deleuze. En effet, au même moment où l’expérience technosociale favorise la construction identitaire des Amérindiens, elle entraîne également une déterritorialisation de la notion générique d’« Indien ».Nous présenterons ici une étude de cas sur le blog Índios online (Indiens en ligne), qui illustre l’utilisation des technologies numériques par les Amérindiens. Selon l’hypothèse présentée ici, ce blog favoriserait une reconnaissance des récits amérindiens, bien qu’ils ne composent pas l’histoire officielle de la nation. Il la fait toutefois émerger et quitter son état d’« effacement » de la mémoire collective. Chaque post présente la subjectivité de son auteur et son identité amérindienne. En effet, il s’agit d’un média où la figure de l’auteur est indispensable à sa construction. Ainsi, Internet se présente comme un instrument puissant en faveur des droits amérindiens. Le blog interethnique Índios online montre que le patrimoine en réseau est davantage une pratique sociale vivante qui doit être préservée qu’un héritage intouchable qui doit être transmis.
Arranjo produtivo local: a indústria metalmecânica do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Neumann Gonçalves Marguit 
Published: September 2015

Considerando-se a recente implementação da política de APLs (Arranjos Produtivos Locais) no Brasil, este capítulo tem por objetivo responder às seguintes perguntas: como o território pode responder às suas necessidades dentro de um país emergente como o Brasil? Os atores locais têm a capacidade de controlar e internalizar o conhecimento e as informações vindas de fora? As reflexões aqui trazidas foram desenvolvidas a partir de um caso concreto. Trata-se de um estudo do APL metalmecânico localizado na região do planalto do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, especializado na produção de máquinas e equipamentos agrícolas. Este trabalho inscreve-se nesta perspectiva, e leva em conta as especificidades brasileiras com relação à Europa, especialmente no que concerne à França e à Itália: a dimensão geográfica, os desequilíbrios econômicos, políticos e sociais entre as regiões, as relações estreitas entre a agricultura e a indústria (relação direta em que a agricultura constitui o mercado para a indústria).
The stationarity paradigm revisited: Hypothesis testing using diagnostics, summary metrics, and DREAM(ABC)
Authors: Sadegh Mojtaba , Vrugt Jasper A. , Xu Chonggang , Volpi Elena 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany watershed models used within the hydrologic research community assume (by default) stationary conditions, that is, the key watershed properties that control water flow are considered to be time invariant. This assumption is rather convenient and pragmatic and opens up the wide arsenal of (multivariate) statistical and nonlinear optimization methods for inference of the (temporally fixed) model parameters. Several contributions to the hydrologic literature have brought into question the continued usefulness of this stationary paradigm for hydrologic modeling. This paper builds on the likelihood‐free diagnostics approach of Vrugt and Sadegh () and uses a diverse set of hydrologic summary metrics to test the stationary hypothesis and detect changes in the watersheds response to hydroclimatic forcing. Models with fixed parameter values cannot simulate adequately temporal variations in the summary statistics of the observed catchment data, and consequently, the DREAM(ABC)algorithm cannot find solutions that sufficiently honor the observed metrics. We demonstrate that the presented methodology is able to differentiate successfully between watersheds that are classified as stationary and those that have undergone significant changes in land use, urbanization, and/or hydroclimatic conditions, and thus are deemed nonstationary.
Tremor‐genic slow slip regions may be deeper and warmer and may slip slower than non‐tremor‐genic regions
Authors: Montgomery‐Brown E. K. , Syracuse E. M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSlow slip events (SSEs) are observed worldwide and often coincide with tectonic tremor. Notable examples of SSEs lacking observed tectonic tremor, however, occur beneath Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, the Boso Peninsula, Japan, near San Juan Bautista on the San Andreas Fault, California, and recently in Central Ecuador. These SSEs are similar to other worldwide SSEs in many ways (e.g., size or duration), but lack the concurrent tectonic tremor observed elsewhere; instead, they trigger swarms of regular earthquakes. We investigate the physical conditions that may distinguish these non‐tremor‐genic SSEs from those associated with tectonic tremor, including slip velocity, pressure, temperature, fluids, and fault asperities, although we cannot eliminate the possibility that tectonic tremor may be obscured in highly attenuating regions. Slip velocities of SSEs at Kīlauea Volcano (∼10−6 m/s) and Boso Peninsula (∼10−7 m/s) are among the fastest SSEs worldwide. Kīlauea Volcano, the Boso Peninsula, and Central Ecuador are also among the shallowest SSEs worldwide, and thus have lower confining pressures and cooler temperatures in their respective slow slip zones. Fluids also likely contribute to tremor generation, and no corresponding zone of high vp/vs has been noted at Kīlauea or Boso. We suggest that the relatively faster slip velocities at Kīlauea Volcano and the Boso Peninsula result from specific physical conditions that may also be responsible for triggering swarms of regular earthquakes adjacent to the slow slip, while different conditions produce slower SSE velocities elsewhere and trigger tectonic tremor.
Infragravity‐wave modulation of short‐wave celerity in the surf zone
Authors: Tissier M. , Bonneton P. , Michallet H. , Ruessink B. G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe cross‐shore evolution of individual wave celerity is investigated using two high‐resolution laboratory experiments on bichromatic waves. Individual waves are tracked during their onshore propagation and their characteristics, including celerity, are estimated. The intrawave variability in celerity is low in the shoaling zone but increases strongly after breaking. It is maximum when the infragravity‐wave height to water depth ratio is the largest, that is to say close to the shoreline. There the observed range of individual wave celerity can be as large as the mean celerity value. This variability can be largely explained by the variations in water depth and velocity induced by the infragravity waves. The differences in celerity are such that they lead to the merging of the waves in the inner surf zone for most of the wave conditions considered. Again, the location at which the first waves start merging strongly correlates with the infragravity‐wave height to water depth ratio. The consequences of these findings for celerity‐based depth‐inversion techniques are finally discussed. Surprisingly, accounting for the infragravity‐wave modulation of the velocity field in the celerity estimate does not significantly improve depth estimation in the surf zone. However, it is shown that the occurrence of bore merging decreases significantly the coherence of the wavefield in the surf zone. This loss of coherence could hamper celerity estimation from pixel intensity time series and explain, at least partly, the relatively poor performance of depth‐inversion techniques in the inner surf zone.
Direct measurements of World Ocean tidal currents with surface drifters
Authors: Poulain Pierre‐Marie , Centurioni Luca 
Published: September 2015

AbstractVelocities of surface drifters are analyzed to study tidal currents throughout the World Ocean. The global drifter data set spanning the period 1979–2013 is used to describe the geographical structure of the surface tidal currents at global scale with a resolution of 2°. Harmonic analysis is performed with two semidiurnal, two diurnal, and four inferred tidal constituents. Tidal current characteristics (amplitude of semimajor axis, rotary coefficient, tidal ellipse inclination, and Greenwich phase) are mapped over the World Ocean from direct observations. The M2 currents dominate on all the shallow continental shelves with magnitude exceeding 60 cm/s. They are also substantial (4–5 cm/s) over the main deep topographic features such as the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, the Southwest Indian Ridge, and the Mariana Ridge. The S2 currents have amplitudes typically half the size of the M2 currents, with a maximum of about 30 cm/s. The K1 and O1 currents are important in many shallow seas. They are large in the vicinity of the turning latitudes near 30°N/S where they merge with inertial motions of the same frequency. They are also substantial in the South China Sea and Philippine Sea. Maps of rotary coefficients indicate that all tidal motions are essentially clockwise (anticlockwise) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere. The rotary coefficient of the tidal currents is compared with the theory of freely and meridionally propagating baroclinic inertia‐gravity waves. The Greenwich phase of the M2 constituent has large‐scale coherent propagation patterns which could be interpreted as the propagation of the barotropic tide.
Using Vinyl Acetate, N‐Hydroxymethyl Acrylamide, and Montmorillonite Intercalated by a Dioctadecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Bromide Surfactant to Prepare Exfoliated Nanocomposite through In Situ Polymerization
Authors: Cui Hui‐Wang , Fang Qun , Du Guan‐Ben 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, vinyl acetate, N‐hydroxymethyl acrylamide (NMA), and organic montmorillonite intercalated by a dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant (MMT‐DOAB) were used to prepare exfoliated nanocomposites through in situ polymerization. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, power‐law function equation, Newtonian fluid flow equation, Cross–Williamson model viscous equation, Hooke's law, and Poisson's ratio equation revealed the structures, dispersion, rheology, and static tensile properties. The exfoliated nanocomposites were pseudoplastic non‐Newtonian fluids with good dispersion in water, great storage stability, and high static tensile strength at 6.89–8.15 MPa. The contents of NMA and MMT‐DOAB increased with the changes in synthesis precursors, as the calculated molecular weights did.
Synthesis of a Light‐Driven Motorized Nanocar
Authors: García‐López Víctor , Chu Pin‐Lei E. , Chiang Pinn‐Tsong , Sun Jiuzhi , Martí Angel A. , Tour James M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe design and synthesis of a 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY)‐based motorized nanocar and two control molecules for single‐molecule fluorescence microscopy studies (SMFM) is described. The nanocar incorporates a fast rotatory light‐driven motor (3 MHz at 25 °C) that is expected to move in circles. In addition, two control molecules without wheels and bearing a fast or a slow motor (2 revolutions per hour) were also synthesized to investigate the role of the motor, wheels, and the photocompatibility of the light‐driven rotary motor with the BODIPY fluorophore. The high quantum yields of 0.40–0.78 of these molecules make them suitable for future SMFM studies.
Investigation of bacterial repopulation after sinus surgery and perioperative antibiotics
Authors: Hauser Leah J. , Ir Diana , Kingdom Todd T. , Robertson Charles E. , Frank Daniel N. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundEndoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) enjoys high success rates, but repopulation with pathogenic bacteria is 1 of the hallmarks of poorer outcomes. There are many hypothesized sources of repopulating bacteria; however, this process remains largely unexplored. This study examined changes in the sinus microbiome after ESS and medical therapies to identify potential sources for postsurgical microbial repopulation.MethodsSamples from the anterior nares, ethmoid sinus, and nasopharynx were taken at the time of surgery from 13 subjects undergoing ESS for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Patients were treated postoperatively with 2 weeks of oral antibiotics and saline rinses. The ethmoid sinus was sampled at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively; microbiota were characterized using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. The Morisita‐Horn beta‐diversity index (M‐H) was used to compare similarity between samples.ResultsThe bacterial burden of the ethmoid was higher 2 weeks postoperatively than 6 weeks postoperatively (p = 0.01). The 6‐week samples most closely represented the anterior nares and ethmoid at surgery (M‐H = 0.58 and 0.59, respectively), and were least similar to the nasopharynx (M‐H = 0.28). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plots illustrate that the ethmoid microbiota temporarily shifted after surgery and antibiotics but returned toward baseline in many subjects.ConclusionBacterial communities colonizing the ethmoid 6 weeks postoperatively were most similar to anterior nasal cavity and pretreatment sinus microbial profiles, indicating a high degree of resilience in the sinonasal microbiome of most subjects. Interestingly, surgery and postoperative antibiotic therapy does not appear to reduce bacterial burden, but rather, shifts the microbial consortia.
Cyanoalkylierung: Alkylnitrile in katalytischen C‐C‐Kupplungen
Authors: López Rosa , Palomo Claudio 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlkylnitrile zählen zu den am weitesten verbreiteten stickstoffhaltigen Verbindungen, und sie werden vielfach in Reaktionen eingesetzt, die die Umwandlung der Nitrilgruppe in andere Funktionalitäten beinhalten. Ihre Verwendung als Kohlenstoff‐Pronucleophile in Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Kupplungen wurde jedoch durch Schwierigkeiten erschwert, die hauptsächlich mit der katalytischen Erzeugung aktiver Spezies wie α‐Cyanocarbanionen und/oder metallierter Nitrile im Zusammenhang stehen. In neuesten Untersuchungen wurden nun mehrere Aktivierungsarten für Alkylnitrile entwickelt. Dieser Kurzaufsatz veranschaulicht diese Erkenntnisse, die die Grundlage für praktische und konzeptionell neue katalytische direkte Cyanoalkylierungsmethoden bilden.
John D. Roberts: In His Own Words and Those of His Friends
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn honor of the 97th birthday of Professor John D. Roberts, the author has assembled a collection of poignant quotes and anecdotes, mostly written by Roberts himself, which embody his philosophies of life and his wide‐ranging experiences and interests. A brief summary of Roberts’s major scientific accomplishments is also presented.
Co‐precipitation synthesis and luminescence properties of K2TiF6:Mn4+ red phosphors for warm white light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Liao Jinsheng , Nie Liling , Zhong Laifu , Gu Qingjie , Wang Qi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractK2TiF6:Mn4+ red phosphors with different Mn4+ doping concentrations were obtained using the co‐precipitation method. X‐Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra and decay curves were used to characterize the properties of K2TiF6:Mn4+ phosphors. Under excitation at 470 nm, an intense red emission peak around 631 nm corresponding to the 2Eg–4A2 transition of Mn4+ was observed for 2.48 mol% K2TiF6:Mn4+ phosphors and was used as the optimum doping concentration. The excellent luminescent properties of K2TiF6:Mn4+ suggest that this material might be a promising red phosphor for generating warm white light in phosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diodes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic profiling of Bacillus licheniformis reveals a stress response mechanism in the synthesis of extracellular polymeric flocculants
Authors: Yu Wencheng , Chen Zhen , Shen Liang , Wang Yuanpeng , Li Qingbiao , Yan Shan , Zhong Chuan‐Jian , He Ning 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTSome bioflocculants composed of extracellular polymeric substances are produced under peculiar conditions. Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC2876 is a microorganism that secretes both extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and poly‐gamma‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA) under stress conditions. In this work, SWATH acquisition LC‐MS/MS method was adopted for differential proteomic analysis of B. licheniformis, aiming at determining the bacterial stress mechanism. Compared with LB culture, 190 differentially expressed proteins were identified in B. licheniformis CGMCC2876 cultivated in EPS culture, including 117 up‐regulated and 73 down‐regulated proteins. In γ‐PGA culture, 151 differentially expressed proteins, 89 up‐regulated and 62 down‐regulated, were found in the cells. Up‐regulated proteins involved in amino acid biosynthesis were found to account for 43% and 41% of the proteomes in EPS and γ‐PGA cultivated cells, respectively. Additionally, a series of proteins associated with amino acid degradation were found to be repressed under EPS and γ‐PGA culture conditions. Transcriptional profiling via the qPCR detection of selected genes verified the proteomic analysis. Analysis of free amino acids in the bacterial cells further suggested the presence of amino acid starvation conditions. EPS or γ‐PGA was synthesized to alleviate the effect of amino acid limitation in B. licheniformis. This study identified a stress response mechanism in the synthesis of macromolecules in B. licheniformis, providing potential culture strategies to improve the production of two promising bioflocculants. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 797–806. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.