bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental Dietary Fat Intake Alters Offspring Microbiome and Immunity
Authors: Myles Ian A. , Fontecilla Natalia M. , Janelsins Brian M. , Vithayathil Paul J. , Segre Julia A. , Datta Sandip K. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Mechanisms underlying modern increases in prevalence of human inflammatory diseases remain unclear. The hygiene hypothesis postulates that decreased microbial exposure has, in part, driven this immune dysregulation. However, dietary fatty acids also influence immunity, partially through modulation of responses to microbes. Prior reports have described the direct effects of high-fat diets on the gut microbiome and inflammation, and some have additionally shown metabolic consequences for offspring. Our study sought to expand on these previous observations to identify the effects of parental diet on offspring immunity using mouse models to provide insights into challenging aspects of human health. To test the hypothesis that parental dietary fat consumption during gestation and lactation influences offspring immunity, we compared pups of mice fed either a Western diet (WD) fatty acid profile or a standard low-fat diet. All pups were weaned onto the control diet to specifically test the effects of early developmental fat exposure on immune development. Pups from WD breeders were not obese or diabetic, but still had worse outcomes in models of infection, autoimmunity, and allergic sensitization. They had heightened colonic inflammatory responses, with increased circulating bacterial LPS and muted systemic LPS responsiveness. These deleterious impacts of the WD were associated with alterations of the offspring gut microbiome. These results indicate that parental fat consumption can leave a “lard legacy” impacting offspring immunity and suggest inheritable microbiota may contribute to the modern patterns of human health and disease.
Plasma Cell Homeostasis: The Effects of Chronic Antigen Stimulation and Inflammation
Authors: Slocombe Tom , Brown Sheila , Miles Katherine , Gray Mohini , Barr Tom A. , Gray David 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLong-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) that maintain humoral immunity to previously encountered Ags occupy a compartment in the bone marrow (BM). The rules and mechanisms by which cells enter (and leave) this compartment are poorly understood. We looked at what happens to the LLPC compartment and to plasma cell lifespan in general, in situations in which Ag stimulation and/or inflammation persist. We find that chronic Ag supply causes the generation of short-lived plasma cells in the local lymphoid organ, at the expense of any LLPC production. Furthermore, we find that inflammation caused by infection (mediated via TNF-α) causes a dramatic mobilization of LLPCs from the BM, with a concomitant reduction in circulating Ab levels against previously immunized Ags. These data are discussed in the context of the capacity of the BM LLPC compartment and competition for entry to it.
B Cells from Knock-in Mice Expressing Broadly Neutralizing HIV Antibody b12 Carry an Innocuous B Cell Receptor Responsive to HIV Vaccine Candidates
Authors: Ota Takayuki , Doyle-Cooper Colleen , Cooper Anthony B. , Doores Katherine J. , Aoki-Ota Miyo , Le Khoa , Schief William R. , Wyatt Richard T. , Burton Dennis R. , Nemazee David 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Broadly neutralizing Abs against HIV protect from infection, but their routine elicitation by vaccination has not been achieved. To generate small animal models to test vaccine candidates, we have generated targeted transgenic (“knock-in”) mice expressing, in the physiological Ig H and L chain loci, two well-studied broadly neutralizing Abs: 4E10, which interacts with the membrane proximal external region of gp41, and b12, which binds to the CD4 binding site on gp120. 4E10HL mice are described in the companion article (Doyle-Cooper et al., J. Immunol. 191: 3186–3191). In this article, we describe b12 mice. B cells in b12HL mice, in contrast to the case in 4E10 mice, were abundant and essentially monoclonal, retaining the b12 specificity. In cell culture, b12HL B cells responded avidly to HIV envelope gp140 trimers and to BCR ligands. Upon transfer to wild-type recipients, b12HL B cells responded robustly to vaccination with gp140 trimers. Vaccinated b12H mice, although generating abundant precursors and Abs with affinity for Env, were unable to rapidly generate neutralizing Abs, highlighting the importance of developing Ag forms that better focus responses to neutralizing epitopes. The b12HL and b12H mice should be useful in optimizing HIV vaccine candidates to elicit a neutralizing response while avoiding nonprotective specificities.
Decrease in white blood cell counts after thiopentone barbiturate therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension: A common complication
Authors: Ng Shin Yi , Chin Ki Jinn , Kwek Tong Kiat 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
Background: Leucopenia has been reported after induction of thiopentone barbiturate therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension. However, the incidence and characterisitics are not well described. Aims: We performed a retrospective review to describe the incidence and characteristics of leucopenia after induction of thiopentone barbiturate therapy. Setting and Design: Our centre is a national referral centre for neurotrauma and surgery in a tertiary medical institution.Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients who received thiopentone barbiturate therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension during an 18 month period from January 2004 to June 2005 in our neurosurgical intensive care unit. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 15.0. All data are reported as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). The Chi square test was used to analyze categorical data and student t test done for comparison of means. For paired data, the paired t?test was used.-test was used. Results: Thirty eight (80.9%) out of 47 patients developed a decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count after induction of thiopentone barbiturate coma. The mean decrease in WBC from baseline to the nadir was 6.4 × 10 9 /L (P <lt; 0.001) and occurred 57 (3-147) h after induction. The mean nadir WBC was 8.6 < 3.6 × 10 9 /L. Three (6.4%) patients were leucopenic, with a WBC count of 2.8, 3.1, and 3.6 < 10 9 /L. None of them were neutropenic. We did not find an association between decrease in WBC count and clinical diagnosis of infection. We did not find any association between possible risk factors such as admission GCS, maximum ICP prior to induction of barbiturate coma, APACHE II score, total duration and dose of thiopentone given, and decrease in WBC count. Conclusions: Decrease in WBC count is common, while development of leucopenia is rare after thiopentone barbiturate coma. Regular monitoring of WBC counts is recommended.
Elementary school enrolment and its determinants among children with cerebral palsy in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India
Authors: Nair Anish Thekkumkara Surendran , Ramachandran Reshmi , Sivaram P , Mohandas Seetha , Sasidharan Archana , Nair Sreelakshmi Pallipurathu Reghunathan 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
Context: There is enough documented evidence to prove the benefits of early and appropriate initiation of education among children with cerebral palsy (CP). Aim: To find out the proportion of children with CP who are enrolled for some kind of formal education and to study the determinants of the same. Setting and Design: This cross sectional study was done among children, attending the special clinics at government medical college, Thiruvananthapuram. Materials and Methods: Children between 3 and 12 years of age diagnosed with CP were subjects for the study. Statistical Analysis Used: Enrollment for any form of formal education was the major outcome variable. The factors associated with initiation of formal education were tested using Chi-square test or Fischer′s exact test. Independent association of each factor was evaluated through binary logistic Regression analysis. Results and Conclusions: The mean (SD) age of the children (n = 86) was 5.7 (2.3) years with forty-six (53.5%) of them being girls. Diplegia was the commonest limb abnormality found. Fifty-two (60.5%) children were undergoing some kind of schooling. Those children who were less dependent physically and those who had achieved better language development were regular school goers. After binary logistic regression the ability of a child to speak in sentences (P = 0.008) and ambulatory level of the child (P = 0.019) were factors which favored, whereas delay in attaining the adaptive developmental milestone of transferring objects from one hand to another (P = 0.014) was found to be detrimental for school enrollment.
Brain abscess: Current management
Authors: Miranda Hernando Alvis , Castellar Leones Sandra Milena , Elzain Mohammed Awad , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBrain abscess (BA) is defined as a focal infection within the brain parenchyma, which starts as a localized area of cerebritis, which is subsequently converted into a collection of pus within a well?vascularized capsule. BA must be differentiated from parameningeal infections, including epidural abscess and subdural empyema. The BA is a challenge for the neurosurgeon because it is needed good clinical, pharmacological, and surgical skills for providing good clinical outcomes and prognosis to BA patients. Considered an infrequent brain infection, BA could be a devastator entity that easily left the patient into dead. The aim of this work is to review the current concepts regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of BA.
Associations between Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Academic Performance in U.S. Undergraduates: A Secondary Analysis of the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment II
Authors: Wald Adrienne , Muennig Peter A. , O'Connell Kathleen A. , Garber Carol Ewing 
Published: August 2013

Purpose. To examine associations between academic performance and moderate-vigorous physical activity, strength training, fruit and vegetable intake, and sleep. Design. Cross-sectional observational study. Setting. Forty U.S. colleges and universities participating in the Fall 2008 National College Health Assessment-II (NCHA-II) (median response, 27%). Subjects. A total of 16,095 undergraduate students (18–24 years; 703% female). Measures. Self-reported lifestyle variables from the NCHA-II questions were dichotomized as meeting or not meeting public health recommendations. Grade average ranged from 1.00 to 4.00 points. Analysis. Linear regression, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related variables. Results. The prevalence of meeting public health recommendations was as follows: moderate-vigorous physical activity, 41.9%; strength training, 32.4%; fruit and vegetable intake, 4.6%; and sleep, 23.6%. Grade average was higher in students meeting moderate-vigorous physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, and sleep recommendations (p ≤ .019). If moderate-vigorous physical activity was met, grade average was higher by .03 points, .15 points higher when meetingfruit and vegetable intake recommendations, and .06 points higher for sleep. There was no significant change in grade average in those meeting strength-training recommendations. Conclusion. College students who adhere to public health recommendations for lifestyle behaviors have modestly higher grade averages after adjusting for sociodemographic and negative health behaviors.
Three-dimensional Static Ultrasound and 3D Power Doppler in Gynecologic Pelvic Tumors
Authors: Alcázar Juan Luis 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTGynecological tumors are a frequent clinical problem. Accurate diagnosis is essential for an adequate clinical management. Currently, 2D ultrasound is considered as a first line imaging technique for diagnosis and for discriminating benign from malignant lesions. However, some limitations of this technique exist. Three-dimensional is a relatively new technique that allows some unique ways for assessing gynecological tumors by ultrasound. In this article, I shall review current evidence about the use of three-dimensional ultrasound for assessing gynecological tumors.How to cite this articleAlcázar JL. Three-dimensional Static Ultrasound and 3D Power Doppler in Gynecologic Pelvic Tumors. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013; 7(2):187-199.
US Food Security and Climate Change: Agricultural Futures
Authors: Takle Eugene S. , Gustafson David , Beachy Roger , Nelson Gerald C. , Mason-D’Croz Daniel , Palazzo Amanda 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Agreement is developing among agricultural scientists on the emerging inability of agriculture to meet growing global food demands. Changes in trends of weather conditions projected by global climate models will challenge physiological limits of crops and exacerbate the global food challenge by 2050. These climate- and constraint-driven crop production challenges are interconnected within a complex global economy, where diverse factors add to price volatility and food scarcity. Our scenarios of the impact of climate change on food security through 2050 for internationally traded crops show that climate change does not threaten near-term US food security due to the availability of adaptation strategies. However, as climate continues to change beyond 2050 current adaptation measures will not be sufficient to meet growing food demand. Climate scenarios for higher-level carbon emissions exacerbate the food shortfall, although uncertainty in projections of future precipitation is a limitation to impact studies.
Perfil clínico, social e motivos de faltas em consultas de hipertensos e/ou diabéticos
Authors: Trindade Fernanda Teixeira , Antunes Haline Souza , Souza Neyandra Dos Santos de , Menezes Tânia Maria De Oliva , Cruz Constança Margarida Sampaio 
Published: August 2013

doi: 10.5216/ree.v15i2.16909 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v15i2.16909 RESUMO Estudo cujo objetivo foi conhecer o perfil clínico e social de hipertensos e /ou diabéticos que não comparecem as consultas e identificar os motivos que levaram esses usuários a ausência às consultas. Estudo de série de casos, realizado em uma unidade de saúde que funciona em consonância com a estratégia saúde da família, entre outubro e dezembro de 2010. Dentre os faltosos, houve predominância de mulheres (87,8%), faixa etária de 50-59 anos (44,9%), ensino fundamental incompleto (46,9%), renda de até 2 salários mínimos (69,4%). Os principais motivos de falta às consultas foram compromissos no dia (17,3%), esquecimento da data e outros motivos não especificados (12,2%). O conhecimento do perfil destes usuários e os motivos para ausência às consultas apontam para nortear a oferta das estratégias multiprofissionais, reorganizar os serviços e promover condições para melhor adesão ao tratamento. Descritores: Hipertensão; Diabetes Mellitus; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Enfermagem em Saúde Pública.
Ações de saúde na estratégia saúde da família à luz da integralidade: município goiano
Authors: Santana Fabiana Ribeiro , Santana Fernanda Ribeiro , Anjos Giselle Vieira dos , Campos Thiago Vieira , Lima Patrícia Carla Teixeira , Lopes Mayra Maia , Lima Rafaela Pereira de , Oliveira Normalene Sena de , Weirich Claci Fátima , Fortuna Cinira Magali 
Published: August 2013

doi: 10.5216/ree.v15i2.16936 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v15i2.16936. RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo analisar as ações de saúde desenvolvidas por equipes de saúde da família em um município do sudeste goiano à luz da integralidade. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória descritiva de abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas e, após uma análise de conteúdo, elegeram-se três categorias temáticas: Ações dos trabalhadores e articulação entre elas; A ESF não funciona como Estratégia Saúde da Família; Atualização das equipes de saúde da família. Os resultados demonstram a fragmentação das ações e desarticulação entre os trabalhadores, o que dificulta a integralidade. Concluiu-se, assim, que existe uma necessidade de investimentos na educação permanente em saúde, no fortalecimento do controle social, na avaliação participativa no SUS e no aprimoramento de tecnologias de gestão e cuidado. Descritores: Atenção Primária à Saúde; Programa Saúde da Família; Assistência à Saúde; Pesquisa Qualitativa; Enfermagem em Saúde Pública.
A tuberculose na estratégia de saúde da família: o conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde
Authors: Sobrinho Ellen Cristine Ramdohr , Freitas Karen Grecco de , Figueiredo Rosely Moralez de , Caliari Juliano De Souza 
Published: August 2013

doi: 10.5216/ree.v15i2.16982 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v15i2.16982. RESUMO Este estudo objetivou identificar o conhecimento dos agentes comunitários de saúde do município de São Carlos – São Paulo sobre tuberculose, tendo como referência a Cartilha “Tuberculose: informações para agentes comunitários de saúde” preconizada pela Secretaria de Políticas de Saúde. Foi aplicado um questionário de múltipla escolha a 87 profissionais das 16 Unidades de Saúde da Família do município, onde cerca de 70% foi capaz de reconhecer minimamente suas ações no controle da doença. Fragilidades importantes quanto à duração e ao abandono do tratamento, além de mitos e equívocos sobre formas de transmissão foram identificadas. Conclui-se que há a necessidade de ações educativas específicas para esses profissionais, tendo em vista o papel crucial que os mesmos desempenham no controle da doença. Acredita-se que esses resultados possam subsidiar estratégias educativas e a adoção de políticas de controle da doença voltadas para o agente comunitário. Descritores: Tuberculose; Agente Comunitário de Saúde; Programa Saúde da Família; Serviços de Saúde; Enfermagem.
Avaliação da depressão e do estilo de vida de idosos hipertensos
Authors: Silva Amanda Miranda , Faria Débora Da Silva , Duarte Gema Galgani de Mesquita , Veiga Eugênia Velludo , Da Silva Patrícia Costa dos Santos 
Published: August 2013

doi: 10.5216/ree.v15i2.17034 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v15i2.17034. RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação da depressão com o estilo de vida em idosos hipertensos atendidos em uma Unidade de Estratégia de Saúde da Família, localizada no Sul de Minas Gerais. Pesquisa quantitativa, analítica, com 102 idosos hipertensos, aos quais se aplicou entrevista para verificar perfil, questões relacionadas à saúde, depressão, atividade física, etilismo e tabagismo, no período de junho a julho/2011. Utilizou-se o Teste Exato Fisher para a realização da análise estatística. Verificou-se que 73 (71,5%) eram mulheres; 28 (27,45%) tinham de 60-65 anos; 44 (43,1%) apresentaram sintomas de depressão; seis (5,9%) foram classificados como sedentários; 25 (24,5%) consomem bebida alcoólica e 14 (13,7%) são tabagistas. Pôde-se concluir que os idosos hipertensos apresentam sintomas depressivos em uma porcentagem superior àquela encontrada na população geral, entretanto não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa ao associar as variáveis relacionadas ao estilo de vida com a depressão. Descritores: Hipertensão; Depressão; Estilo de Vida; Idoso.
Relações de cuidado entre enfermeiros da atenção básica e cuidadores familiares de pessoas com câncer
Authors: Waidman Maria Angélica Pagliarini , Santos Gabriella Benedetti , Oliveira William Tiago , Sales Catarina Aparecida 
Published: August 2013

doi: 10.5216/ree.v15i2.17380 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v15i2.17380. RESUMO Estudo exploratório-descritivo, qualitativo, que objetivou conhecer as relações de cuidado entre enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família e cuidadores familiares de pessoas com câncer, residentes em um município do noroeste do Paraná. As entrevistas foram realizadas no mês de junho de 2011 nos domicílios dos sujeitos e nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde por meio de duas questões norteadoras. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática, proposto por Bardin. Os resultados evidenciaram um paradoxo entre as concepções dos familiares e dos enfermeiros. Tal divergência nos fez refletir se realmente o enfermeiro está cônscio de seu papel junto à população estudada. Enfim, percebemos a necessidade desses profissionais de reconhecerem suas reais competências, enquanto coordenadores da equipe de saúde e responsáveis pelo cuidado prestado no domicílio, fazendo-se presentes na assistência direta aos indivíduos com câncer e suas famílias. Descritores: Família; Cuidadores; Cuidados Domiciliares de Saúde; Enfermagem; Neoplasias.
ELASTOMERS IN THE OIL FIELD
Authors: Mody Rustom , Gerrard David , Goodson Jim 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
Even before Spindletop “gushered” in the great Texas oil boom in 1901, rubber chemistry and technology played a key role in the pressure and flow control of hydrocarbons from petroleum reservoirs. This key role for rubber in the oil field continues today, where the cost of construction of an oil or gas well can exceed a billion dollars. Almost all equipment used in downhole drilling and completion operations currently depends on elastomers and other sealing materials to provide steady, reliable performance during service.
Although the cost of the individual seals used downhole in a well represents only a fraction of the total well cost, the seals are critical to well performance and safety. Sealing mechanisms are at the heart of any drilling, completion, or production system and are the primary components on which the functional success and longevity of the system rests. Modern drilling systems, with their significant use of onboard electronic components and sensors, rely heavily on nonmetallic seals to prevent well environmental contamination while withstanding sustained dynamic loadings throughout service. Well completion systems can be categorized by either relatively short-term applications, after which seals can be changed or maintained, or long-term applications, in which seals are expected to perform without change or maintenance for 20 years or longer. The assurance of these systems' continued performance throughout the life of the well, whether the expected life is short or long, is of vital importance.
Love and the Moral Psychology of the Hegelian Nietzsche: Comments on Robert Pippin's Nietzsche, Psychology, and First Philosophy
Authors: Anderson R. Lanier 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
Pippin treats Nietzsche's moral psychology as the key to his philosophy. Three aspects of the psychology are meant to bear this weight: (1) a critical and deflationary, but irreducibly hermeneutic, conception of the nature of moral psychology itself; (2) a thesis that eros is central to Nietzsche's theory of valuing; and (3) an expressivist theory of action, which replaces the causal role of intention with an interpretive notion of expression in explaining action. Pippin's handling of all three, but especially the third, places Nietzsche's philosophy in a Hegelian light, as does his view that genuine action arises from a deep-going self-dissatisfaction. I raise doubts about whether the expressivist theory of action can be adequate to all actions and suggest that the centrality of self-dissatisfaction for Pippin stands in tension with Nietzsche's own construal of the demand for affirmation of life.