bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling senescence changes of the pubic symphysis in historic Italian populations: A comparison of the Rostock and forensic approaches to aging using transition analysis
Authors: Godde Kanya , Hens Samantha M. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTAge‐related anatomical changes to the surface of the pubic symphysis are well‐documented in the literature. However, aligning these morphological changes with chronological age has proven problematic, often resulting in biased age estimates. Statistical modeling provides an avenue for forensic anthropologists and bioarchaeologists to increase the accuracy of traditional aging methods. Locating appropriate samples to use as a basis for modeling age estimations can be challenging due to differing sample age distributions and potentially varying patterns of senescence. We compared two approaches, Rostock and Forensic, coupled with a Bayesian methodology, to address these issues. Transition analysis was run specific to each method (which differ by sample selection). A Gompertz model was derived from an informative prior that yielded the mortality and senescence parameters for constructing highest posterior density ranges, i.e., coverages, which are analogous to age ranges. These age ranges were generated from both approaches and are presented as reference tables useful for historic male and female Italian samples. The age ranges produced from each approach were tested on an historic Italian sample, using cumulative binomial tests. These two approaches performed similarly, with the Forensic approach showing a slight advantage. However, the Forensic approach is unable to identify varying senescence patterns between populations, thus preference for one approach over the other will depend on research design. Finally, we demonstrate that while populations exhibit similar morphological changes with advancing age, there are no significant sex differences in these samples, and the timing of these changes varies from population to population. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:466–473, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Green consumerism: The influence of product attributes and values on purchasing intentions
Authors: Schuitema Geertje , de Groot Judith I. M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGenerally, a majority of consumers support the idea of purchasing green products. However, this is often not translated into actual behaviour. We argue that there is a trade‐off between the influence of product attributes on purchasing decisions, whereby it is assumed that consumers tend to focus on egoistic product attributes first, followed by green product attributes. In two experimental studies (N = 100 and N = 107), we find support for this reasoning: If product attributes fulfil self‐serving motives (low price, familiar or well‐known brand), green product attributes (cruelty free and low environmental impact) influence purchasing intentions more than when self‐serving motives are not fulfilled (high price, unfamiliar or unknown brand). Further, we investigated if and how values weaken or strengthen the influence of product attributes on purchasing intentions. We conclude that biospheric values steer how product attributes influence purchasing intentions stronger than egoistic values. In line with our expectations, we find that if biospheric values are weak, egoistic product attributes are more influential, whereas if biopheric values are strong, green product attributes are more influential. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of age on the prognostic value of left ventricular function in relation to procedural outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the British cardiovascular intervention society
Authors: Kwok Chun Shing , Anderson Simon G. , McAllister Katherine S.L. , Sperrin Matthew , O'Kane Peter D. , Keavney Bernard , Nolan James , Myint Phyo Kyaw , Zaman Azfar , Buchan Iain , Ludman Peter F. , de Belder Mark A. , Mamas Mamas A. ,   on behalf of the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society and the National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research
Published: November 2014

BackgroundAround one third of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Whilst the prevalence of LV dysfunction is known to increase with age, the prevalence of LV dysfunction in different age groups in the PCI setting is not known and the effect of age on the prognostic value of LV function in the PCI setting has not been examined.MethodsThe relationship between LV function and 30‐day mortality in patients undergoing PCI in different age groups (<60 years, 60 to <70 years, 70 to <80 years and ≥80 years) was studied in 246,840 patients in the UK between 2006 and 2011.ResultsPrevalent LV dysfunction in patients undergoing PCI increased with age; 25,106/83,161 (30.2%: <60 years), 24,114/76,895 (31.4%: 60 to <70 years), 23,580/64,711 36.4% (70 to <80 years) and 9,851/22,073 (44.6%) in patients aged 80 or over (P < 0.0001). Poor LV function was independently associated with increased risk of 30‐day mortality outcomes in all age groups (OR 5.65:95% CI 4.21–7.58, age <60 years; OR 5.07: 95% CI 3.91–6.57, age 60 to <70 years; OR 4.50: 95% CI 3.64–5.57, 70 to <80 years and OR 4.83:95% CI 3.79–6.15, age ≥80 years).ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that worsening LV function is an important independent predictor of worse 30‐day mortality outcomes across all age groups and underscores the need for a measure of LV function in all patients for accurate risk stratification prior to PCI. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of N and O‐atoms and N2 (A) Metastable Molecule Densities in the Afterglows of N2‐H2, Ar‐N2‐H2 and Ar‐N2‐O2 Microwave Discharges
Authors: Zerrouki H. , Ricard A. , Sarrette J. P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEarly afterglows of N2‐H2, Ar‐N2‐H2 and Ar‐N2‐O2 flowing microwave discharges are characterized by optical emission spectroscopy. The N and O atoms and the N2 (A) metastable molecule densities are determined by optical emission spectroscopy after calibration by NO titration for N and O‐atoms and measurements of NO and N2 band intensities. If an uncertainty of 30% is estimated on N‐atomic density, an inaccuracy of one order of magnitude is obtained on the O and N2 (A) densities. In N2‐(0.05‐2.5%)H2 and Ar‐(1‐50%)N2‐(0.05‐2.5%) H2 gas mixtures, the O‐atoms are coming from O2 impurities in the discharge. Concentrations of N and O‐atoms and of N2 (A) densities are compared to the ones obtained in Ar‐(5‐50%)N2‐(0.2‐2.5%) O2 gas mixtures in which a controlled amount of O2 is added. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical Modelling of a Positive Point to Plane Corona Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Raouti D. , Flazi S. , Benyoucef D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we present a contribution to the electrical modelling of corona discharges in point to plane positive dry air at atmospheric pressure. An equivalent circuit model of the discharge is proposed and the evolution of equivalent electrical parameters is obtained using a mathematical method of identification based on the Recursive Least Square (RLS) algorithm. A comparison between the forms of measured discharge current and calculated model currents shows a good agreement and validates the model as well as the method. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coulomb Crystals with Isotopic Impurities
Authors: Kozhberov A. A. , Baiko D. A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractVibration modes and thermodynamic properties of a body‐centered cubic (bcc) Coulomb crystal with a small admixture of substitutional isotopic impurities are studied analytically applying the perturbation theory of disordered crystal spectra and the Lifshitz‐Krein trace formula. We calculate the density of phonon states of the perfect bcc Coulomb crystal and use it to compute the heat capacity of the crystal with impurities in a wide range of temperatures. It is shown that the ratio of an impurity contribution to the crystal heat capacity over the perfect crystal specific heat tends to a constant in the low‐temperature quantum regime and decays as T–2 in the classic regime of high temperatures. It is also shown that even a small concentration of heavy impurities amplifies significantly the total crystal heat capacity. The results are compared with those obtained using the more conventional linear mixing theory. It is demonstrated that both methods give similar results at all tempera‐tures when the impurity mass is not too different from that of the base ions but a strong discrepancy is observed at low and intermediate temperatures when impurities are noticeably lighter or heavier. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Global Numerical Model for the Assessment of the Effect of Geometry and Operation Conditions on Insert and Orifice Region Plasmas of a Thermionic Hollow Cathode Electron Source
Authors: Korkmaz O. , Celik M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThermionic hollow cathodes have been widely used in wide variety of areas such as spacecraft electric propulsion systems, material processing and lasers for more than half a century as efficient electron sources. Especially in electric propulsion systems, hollow cathodes are being used as electron sources for propellant ionization and ion beam neutralization. Moreover, it is also a promising candidate for utilization as a stand‐alone propulsion system in microsatellites or nanosatellites due to its small physical size, low power consumption and ease of operation. On the other hand, the small geometry of the typical orificed hollow cathodes makes the plasma diagnostics difficult which is why numerical studies become important for understanding the driving physical processes behind their operation, and the effects of the geometry and the operation parameters on cathode performance. In this paper, a global numerical model for the insert and orifice plasma of a hollow cathode is presented where volume averaged plasma parameters are considered for both regions. The results of this study show that the developed model can be used for designing and sizing orificed hollow cathodes as comparisons with the results of experimental and other numerical studies are in good agreement with the ones obtained from the developed model. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dust in Plasma II. Effects of Secondary Electrons: Ionization and Surface Emission
Authors: Taccogna F. , Mizzi G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this second paper, the effect of secondary electrons on the charge and potential of a dust particle immersed in plasma has been studied. The processes of electron‐induced ionization and those of photo‐electron and secondary electron emission from the particle surface as a function of primary electron temperature have been taken into account. Starting from temperatures as low as 6 eV in an Ar plasma, ionization produces an extra ion flux to the dust surface comparable to that of the ion charge exchange effect. For what concerns the surface emission, results show that a transition from negative to positive dust charge/potential takes place, and that the transition regime is characterized by a non‐monotonic behavior of the electric potential around the particle. In the case of photoelectric emission, the dust charge and potential are monotonic decreasing functions of the electron temperature, while in the case of emission induced by primary electrons a minimum charge/potential is reached before they grow towards positive values. In no case multiple dust charge states have been observed due to the presence of the potential well attached to the particle surface. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Broad‐Band Time‐Resolved Near Infrared Spectroscopy in the TJ‐II Stellarator
Authors: Rodriguez M. C. , Pastor I. , de la Cal E. , McCarthy K. J. , Diaz D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFirst experimental results on broad‐band, time‐resolved Near Infrared (NIR;here loosely defined as covering from 750 to 1650 nm) passive spectroscopy using a high sensitivity InGaAs detector are reported for the TJ‐II Stellarator. Experimental set‐up is described together with its main characteristics, the most remarkable ones being its enhanced NIR response, broadband spectrum acquisition in a single shot, and time‐resolved measurements with up to 1.8 kHz spectral rate. Prospects for future work and more extended physics studies in this newly open spectral region in TJ‐II are discussed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Trigger word mining for relation extraction based on activation force
Authors: Xu Weiran , Zhang Chunyun 
Published: November 2014

SummaryIn this paper, relation extraction is characterized as structured feature learning, and activation force (AF) is employed to extract and construct structured features. Trigger word is a low‐level feature, and it is very crucial in relation extraction. We define the trigger word as a word that is most likely to form a structure corresponding to a special relation. To extract trigger words, firstly, posteriori probability weighted frequency AF model, in which AF is regarded as posteriori probability weighted frequency, is presented. Secondly, a generative AF is introduced. Then, a higher level structured feature, named trigger‐word dependency pair (TWDP), is extracted by a reduced AF model. Based on the trigger words and TWDPs, the most advanced patterns, the shortest dependency paths (SDPs), are optimized. The evaluation corpus of Knowledge Base Population in Text Analysis Conference is adopted to test our methods. Experiments show that 87.30% of Stanford manual trigger words appearing in the training sentences can be found by G‐AF. The experimental results also verified that the modified SDP patterns are superior to original SDP patterns. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A General Metal‐Assisted Synthesis of α‐Halo Oxime Ethers from Nitronates and Nitro Compounds
Authors: Sukhorukov Alexey Yu. , Kapatsyna Maria A. , Yi Tammy Lim Ting , Park Hyeong Ryool , Naumovich Yana A. , Zhmurov Petr A. , Khomutova Yulia A. , Ioffe Sema L. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn approach to the synthesis of α‐halo oxime ethers from readily accessible nitronates and nitro compounds via bis(oxy)enamines is reported. A key step of the strategy involves the unprecedented reaction of bis(oxy)enamines with a metal (Co, Zn, Mg, Mn) halide that acts as both a promoter and halide (Br, I, Cl) source. A variety of cyclic and acyclic ethers of α‐halo oximes, including previously unavailable trimethylsilyl ethers of α‐iodo oximes, have been synthesized in good‐to‐high yields.
Synthesis of Vinyl‐ and Aryl–Acyl Sulfonimidamides Through Pd‐Catalyzed Carbonylation Using Mo(CO)6 as ex situ CO Source
Authors: Wakchaure Prasad B. , Borhade Sanjay R. , Sandström Anja , Arvidsson Per I. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe report the synthesis of N‐(α,β‐unsaturated acyl)‐substituted sulfonimidamides through a Pd‐catalyzed carbonylation protocol, employing sulfonimidamides as nucleophiles using CO gas released ex situ, and vinyl/aryl halides and triflates as reagents. The reaction is general and offers a unique class of products in moderate to good yields for a wide range of substrates and electrophiles; for example, aliphatic, aromatic (electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing groups), heteroaryl, vinyl halides, and triflates. We also expand our initial report on N‐aryl–acyl‐substituted sulfonimidamide synthesis by employing aryltriflates as electrophiles. Furthermore, we report a surprisingly facile thermolytic Boc deprotection of N‐(α,β‐unsaturated acyl) sulfonimidamides.
Prevalence of Screening‐Detected Eating Disorders in Chinese Females and Exploratory Associations with Dietary Practices
Authors: Watson Hunna J. , Hamer Robert M. , Thornton Laura M. , Peat Christine M. , Kleiman Susan C. , Du Shufa , Wang Huijin , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveChina is undergoing dramatic Westernization, hence may be able to provide unique insights into the role of sociocultural factors in disease. The purpose of this exploratory study was two‐fold: to describe the prevalence of screening‐detected eating disorders and disordered eating in China at the first occasion of assessment in the large‐scale China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and to explore the associations between dietary practices and disordered eating. Regarding the first objective, participants are provincially representative and in subsequent waves will be followed longitudinally.MethodCHNS participants were recruited using multistage, cluster random sampling, beginning in 1989. In this study, participants comprised 259 female adolescents (12–17 years) and 979 women (18–35 years) who participated in the CHNS 2009 survey, which is the first CHNS survey to assess disordered eating. Dietary practice‐disordered eating associations were investigated with logistic regression adjusting for age, body mass index, and urbanization.ResultsOf the participants, 6.3% (95% CI: 4.8, 8.2) of adults and 7.8% (95% CI: 5.0, 12.0) of adolescents had a screening‐detected eating disorder. Dietary practices had non‐significant associations with disordered eating at the general population level, except for protein consumption among women. There was evidence that skipping meals and a high‐fat diet may confer risk.DiscussionScreening‐detected eating disorders in China are lower in prevalence than in developed countries. Dietary practices had fairly limited associations with disordered eating at the general population level; protein consumption, skipping meals, and a high‐fat diet are candidate dietary practice exposures for disordered eating. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A robust and adaptive recovery‐based discontinuous Galerkin method for the numerical solution of convection–diffusion equations
Authors: Ferrero A. , Larocca F. , Puppo G. 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, we introduce and test the enhanced stability recovery (ESR) scheme. It is a robust and compact approach to the computation of diffusive fluxes in the framework of discontinuous Galerkin methods. The scheme is characterized by a new recovery basis and a new procedure for the weak imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions. These features make the method flexible and robust, even in the presence of highly distorted meshes. The implementation is simplified with respect to the original recovery scheme (RDG1x). Furthermore, thanks to the proposed approach, a robust implementation of p‐adaptive algorithms is possible. Numerical tests on unstructured grids show a convergence rate equal to p + 1, where p is the reconstruction order. Comparisons are shown with the original recovery scheme RDG1x and the widely used BR2 method. Results show a significantly larger stability region for the proposed discretization when explicit Runge–Kutta time integration is employed. Interestingly, this advantage grows quickly when the reconstruction order is increased. The proposed procedure for the weak imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions does not need the introduction of ghost cells, and it is truly local because it does not require data exchange with other elements. It can be easily used with curvilinear wall elements. Several test cases are considered. They include some benchmark tests with the heat equation and compressible Navier–Stokes equations, with test cases designed also to evaluate the behaviour of the scheme with very stretched elements and separated flows. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT in the management of marginal zone B cell lymphoma
Authors: Carrillo‐Cruz Estrella , Marín‐Oyaga Victor A. , de la Cruz Vicente Fátima , Borrego‐Dorado Isabel , Ruiz Mercado Marta , Acevedo Báñez Irene , Solé Rodríguez Maria , Fernández López Rosa , Pérez Vega Herminia , Calderón‐Cabrera Cristina , Espigado Tocino Ildefonso , Pérez‐Simón Jose A. , Vázquez‐Albertino Ricardo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe use of PET in patients with marginal zone B cell lymphoma (MZL) is controversial because of variability of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avidity. We analyzed 40 PET/CT in 25 consecutive patients to compare its performance with CT at staging and as a first‐line response assessment. Sensitivity of PET/CT and CT was 96 and 76%. Mean standard uptake value was 6.1, 6.9 and 3.4 (p = 0.3) in nodal, extranodal and splenic subtypes, respectively. Of 17 patients (extranodal: n = 9; nodal: n = 6; splenic subtype: n = 2) with both imaging tests available at diagnosis, 8 (47%) had more involved areas with PET/CT than with CT, 75% of which were extranodal lesions. PET/CT resulted in upstaging of five patients although treatment of only two of them was changed. Responses of 15 patients with post‐treatment PET/CT were the following: 9 negative and 6 positive of which 3 were isolated residual lesions. Progression was documented in two of these three patients. Response was also assessed by CT in 11 patients. Discrepancies were found in three: Two were in complete remission by CT while PET/CT detected localized residual disease; another patient was in partial remission by CT, whereas PET/CT showed only one positive lesion. Two of these three patients relapsed. Patients with negative post‐treatment PET/CT did not relapse. With a median follow‐up of 50 months (10–152 months), 3‐year overall survival was 100 and 80% for patients with negative and positive post‐treatment PET/CT (p = 0.2). Three‐year disease‐free survival was 86%; the negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%, and the positive predictive value (PPV) was 83.3%. Although a larger number of patients will be required to further confirm these data, we can conclude that PET/CT is a useful imaging tool for both staging and response assessment in patients with nodal and extranodal MZL as a result of its high sensitivity, NPV and PPV. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The regulation of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway: New answers to old problems
Authors: Barcia‐Vieitez Ramiro , Ramos‐Martínez Juan Ignacio 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThere is a paradox in the oxidizing phase of the phosphate pentose pathway that has not yet been solved. The flow through the pathway is reduced in basal conditions; however, it must rise notably when a NADPH supplement is required. The paradox consists of the strong inhibition that the NADPH exerts on the both dehydrogenases of the pathway, especially on the regulating enzyme glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Theoretically, in anabolic situations, the increase of gene expression of G6PD and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase can induce a rise in the production of NADPH, which would cause the immediate inhibition of the enzyme and a drastic flow reduction. However, increasing the flow through oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) has been experimentally demonstrated in many physiological states. However, this situation will be resolved if the NADPH metabolized or otherwise sufficient NADPH is sequestered to relax the inhibition of the dehydrogenases of OPPP and to maintain high ratio of NADPH/NADP+ needed to ensure the reducing environment of the cell cytoplasm and the contribution of NADPH for anabolic processes. In 1974, the presence of a protein capable of reversing the inhibition of G6PD by NADPH was detected; however, to date, this paradox remains undisclosed. This review deals with the possibility that such reverting action might be similar to the activity of a protein named HSCARG, which is responsible for the abduction of NADPH, thus keeping a portion of the coenzyme away from the catalytic action and, simultaneously, the immune response through the NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells) system. The model has many similarities with the hypothesis proposed some 40 years back on the reversion of G6PD inhibition by NADPH. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(11):775–779, 2014