bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopy of radiation defects in rutile TiO2
Authors: Rosário C. M. M. , Graça M. P. F. , Valente M. A. , Costa L. C. , Rodrigues J. , Monteiro T. , Alves E. , Sobolev N. A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTiO2 is a prototypical memristive material, very promising for applications in ReRAMs, a new kind of nonvolatile memories. The electromigration of oxygen vacancies in TiO2 is commonly accepted as a key mechanism of the memristive phenomena. However, spectroscopic studies of defects involved in the electromigration are rare. In this work we created defects in rutile TiO2 single crystals by irradiation with 50 keV Ar+ ions to fluences up to 2 × 1017 ion cm−2 at 1000 K and investigated them by means of Raman scattering, photoluminescence, impedance spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance. With the latter, Ti interstitials have been detected. Against expectations, spectra of isolated vacancies have not been observed. Instead, a rich variety of defects appeared, indicating a very complex character of the defect creation and transformation processes in rutile. An interaction of the Fe3+ and Cr3+ impurities with radiation‐induced defects has been concluded. The activation process observed in our IS measurements is identified as the thermal ionization of defect‐related donors.
Dominant mechanisms of electron scattering in ultra‐dilute GaAsN
Authors: Inagaki Makoto , Ikeda Kazuma , Kowaki Hiroyuki , Ohshita Yoshio , Kojima Nobuaki , Yamagichi Masafumi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe dominant electron scattering mechanisms in GaAsN were investigated by analysing the Hall electron mobility and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The GaAsN thin films were grown by chemical beam epitaxy. The temperature dependence of the electron mobility indicated that polar optical phonon (POP) scattering was dominant in GaAs and GaAs:N0.0003 near room temperature. By increasing nitrogen compositions up to around 0.1%, the temperature dependence of the electron mobility became from T‐1.23 to T‐0.5. It indicated that the dominant scattering changed from POP to alloy scattering with nitrogen composition. The full width at half maximum of the PL spectra suggested that the large potential fluctuation at conduction band edge did not exist in GaAsN grown by chemical beam epitaxy. The theoretical electron mobility of POP and alloy scattering with large effective mass which was obtained by Masia et al., Dennecker et al., and Ibáñez et al. agreed with the determined electron mobility. Therefore, the POP and alloy scattering with the large effective mass were considered to be the origin of the low electron mobility of GaAsN. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Concise Review: Current Concepts in Bone Marrow Microenvironmental Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
Authors: Smith Julianne N. P. , Calvi Laura M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) behavior is governed in large part by interactions of the blood system with the bone microenvironment. Increasing evidence demonstrates the profound role the local HSC microenvironment or niche plays in normal stem cell function, in therapeutic activation and in the setting of malignancy. A number of cellular and molecular components of the microenvironment have been identified thus far, several of which are likely to provide exciting therapeutic targets in the near future. Clinically effective strategies for niche manipulation, however, require careful study of the interaction of these niche components. Some of the key findings defining these regulatory interactions are explored in this concise review, with special emphasis on potential translational applications.
An integrated approach for optimal coordination of wind power and hydro pumping storage
Authors: Castronuovo Edgardo D. , Usaola Julio , Bessa Ricardo , Matos Manuel , Costa I.C. , Bremermann L. , Lugaro Jesus , Kariniotakis George 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe increasing wind power penetration in power systems represents a techno‐economic challenge for power producers and system operators. Because of the variability and uncertainty of wind power, system operators require new solutions to increase the controllability of wind farm output. On the other hand, producers that include wind farms in their portfolio need to find new ways to boost their profits in electricity markets. This can be done by optimizing the combination of wind farms and storage so as to make larger profits when selling power (trading) and reduce penalties from imbalances in the operation. The present work describes a new integrated approach for analysing wind‐storage solutions that make use of probabilistic forecasts and optimization techniques to aid decision making on operating such systems. The approach includes a set of three complementary functions suitable for use in current systems. A real‐life system is studied, comprising two wind farms and a large hydro station with pumping capacity. Economic profits and better operational features can be obtained from the proposed cooperation between the wind farms and storage. The revenues are function of the type of hydro storage used and the market characteristics, and several options are compared in this study. The results show that the use of a storage device can lead to a significant increase in revenue, up to 11% (2010 data, Iberian market). Also, the coordinated action improves the operational features of the integrated system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tobacco‐free Take Action!: Increasing Policy Adherence on a College Campus
Authors: Ickes Melinda J. , Hahn Ellen J. , McCann Melissa , Kercmar Sarah 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOne in five college students report tobacco use, thus universities are making strides to reduce tobacco use by adopting smoke‐ or tobacco‐free policies. The purpose of this article is to describe an innovative ambassador program to increase adherence with a tobacco‐free campus policy. The Tobacco‐Free Take Action! (TFTA!) Ambassador program was created to form an environment of compliance. Hot spots were targeted by Ambassadors, who were trained to use scripted messages. Ambassadors completed an online documentation form to assess the number of violators observed and approached. The Tobacco‐Free Compliance Assessment Tool (TF‐CAT) was used to collect pre‐ and post‐cigarette butt data at each hot spot. During the 4‐week intervention period, Ambassadors approached 332 violators (529 observed), of which 68 percent responded positively and complied with the policy. The number of cigarette butts declined by 25 percent. Adherence with campus tobacco‐free policies remains a challenge. Lessons learned from this innovative approach will benefit those currently implementing and planning tobacco‐free campus policies.
An inventory of European data sources for the long-term safety evaluation of methylphenidate
Authors: Murray Macey L. , Insuk Suppachai , Banaschewski Tobias , Neubert Antje C. , McCarthy Suzanne , Buitelaar Jan K. , Coghill David , Dittmann Ralf W. , Konrad Kerstin , Panei Pietro , Rosenthal Eric , Sonuga-Barke Edmund J. , Wong Ian C. K. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
To compile an inventory of European healthcare databases with potential to study long-term effects of methylphenidate (MPH) in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Potential databases were identified through expert opinion, the website of the European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, and literature search. An online survey was conducted among database providers/coordinators to ascertain the databases’ appropriateness for inclusion into the inventory. It included questions about database characteristics, sample size, availability of information on drug exposure, clinical data and accessibility. Forty-two databases from 11 countries were identified and their coordinators invited to participate; responses were obtained for 22 (52.4 %) databases of which 15 record ADHD diagnoses. Eleven had sufficient data on ADHD diagnosis, drug exposure, and at least one type of outcome information (symptoms/clinical events, weight, height, blood pressure, heart rate) to assess MPH safety. These were Aarhus University Prescription Database, Danish National Birth Cohort (Denmark); German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents; Health Search Database Thales, Italian ADHD Register, Lombardy Region ADHD Database (Italy); Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, General Practice Research Database, The Health Improvement Network, QResearch (UK) and IMS Disease Analyzer (UK, Germany, France). Of the 20 databases with no responses, information on seven from publications and/or websites was obtained; Pedianet and the Integrated Primary Care Information database were considered suitable. Many European healthcare databases can be used for multinational long-term safety studies of MPH. Methodological research is underway to investigate the feasibility of their pooling and analysis.
Chromatographic determination of 1, 4-β-xylooligosaccharides of different chain lengths to follow xylan deconstruction in biomass conversion
Authors: Li Hongjia , Qing Qing , Kumar Rajeev , Wyman Charles E 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides released in hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass can be purified for high-value products or further hydrolyzed into sugars for fermentation or chemical conversion. In addition, characterization of xylooligosaccharides is vital to understand hemicellulose structure and removal mechanisms in pretreatment of cellulosic biomass. In this study, gel permeation chromatography was applied to fractionate xylooligosaccharides produced from birchwood xylan according to their specific degree of polymerization (DP). Then, each fraction was identified by high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF–MS); and their concentrations were determined by a downscaled post-hydrolysis method. Based on PAD responses and sugar concentrations for each fraction, a series of response factors were developed that can be used to quantify xylooligosaccharides of DP from 2 to 14 without standards. The resulting approach can profile xylooligosaccharides and help gain new insights into biomass deconstruction.
2-Ketogluconic acid production by Klebsiella pneumoniae CGMCC 1.6366
Authors: Wei Dong , Xu Jiqing , Sun Junsong , Shi Jiping , Hao Jian 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae CGMCC 1.6366 is a bacterium isolated for 1,3-propanediol or 2,3-butanediol production previously. K. pneumoniae ΔbudA, a 2,3-butanediol synthesis pathway truncated mutant with the gene deletion of budA which encodes alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase, was found to execrate an unknown chemical at a high titer when grown in the broth using glucose as carbon source. Later this chemical was identified to be 2-ketogluconic acid, which was formed through the glucose oxidation pathway in K. pneumoniae. It was found that 2-ketogluconic can also be produced by the wild strain. The fermentation studies showed that the production of this metabolite is strictly pH dependent, when the fermenting broth was maintained at pH 6–7, the main metabolite produced by K. pneumoniae CGMCC 1.6366 was 2,3-butanediol, or some organic acids in the budA mutated strain. However, if the cells were fermented at pH 4.7, 2-ketogluconic acid was formed, and the secretion of all other organic acids or 2,3-butanediol were limited. In the 5L bioreactors, a final level of 38.2 and 30.2 g/L 2-ketogluconic acid were accumulated by the wild type and the budA mutant K. pneumoniae, respectively, in 26 and 56 h; and the conversion ratios of glucose to 2-ketogluconic acid reached 0.86 and 0.91 mol/mol for the wild and the budA mutant, respectively.
Evoked potentails and neurocognitive functions in pediatric Egyptian Gaucher patients on enzyme replacement therapy: a single center experience
Authors: Tantawy Azza Abdel Gawad , Sherif Eman Mounir , Adly Amira Abdel Moneam , Hassanine Sahar , Awad Amina Hafez 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundEffectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in reverting hematologic, skeletal, and visceral symptoms in Gaucher disease (GD) has been demonstrated, although, its efficacy in neurologic involvement is still debated.AimWe evaluated the extent of neuro‐cognitive dysfunction using brain stem evoked potential in GD3 patients, age‐matched controls, and GD1 patients without neurological manifestations served as disease control group.MethodsStudy included 56 GD (36 had type 1, 20 had type 3) under ERT. Investigations included complete blood count, beta glucosidase assay in peipheral leucocytes, plasma chitotriosidase and bone marrow examination, electroencephalography, brain stem auditory (AEP), somatosensory (SSEP) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) as well as IQ testing.ResultsBoth types of GD showed significantly higher mean latency at 75 on left eye, lower PP amplitude ratio, higher latency at 75, 100, 145, lower amplitude, and higher Lat Diff LT‐RT ms and Lt‐Rt % compared to controls (p < 0.05) with no difference between both groups in other values of VEP. Both groups showed significantly prolonged latency of N 13–19 compared to controls (p < 0.05) with positive correlation between age and duration of therapy with parameters of SSEP (p < 0.01). Both groups of GD had significantly prolonged latency of the mean waves of AEP compared to controls (p < 0.05) with no significant difference between both groups. There was a negative correlation between age and waves II, III, I–III, I–V and threshold values of AEP. IQ level was positively correlated with AEP values. Severity scoring tool was positively correlated with AEP and SSEP values.ConclusionsElectrophysiological abnormalities were present in both types of GD and have been correlated to cognitive function and disease characteristics.
100% Renewables as a Focus for Environmental Education
Authors: Adlong William 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe rapid development of renewable energy technologies has a number of implications for environmental educators and educators more generally. The costs of a number of renewable energy technologies are expected to be competitive with fossil fuels within 10–15 years and some installations are competitive already. From 2006–2011 global installations increased an average of 26% per annum for wind power and 58% per annum for solar photovoltaics (REN21, 2012). Investment in renewables (excluding hydropower) has increased by 20–30% per annum, reaching $US260 billion (AUD 245 billion) in 2011. The credibility of proposals for economies based largely on renewables is gaining recognition. These developments suggest that a satisfactory response to the dire projections around climate change can be implemented. To do so, understanding of the potential and status of renewables needs to be more widespread and accelerated on formal, informal and policy-making levels. Environmental educators within formal and informal settings can promote understanding and action so that the potential of such renewable energies is realised.
Aperiodic sequences and aperiodic geodesics
Authors: SCHROEDER VIKTOR , WEIL STEFFEN 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe introduce a quantitative condition on orbits of dynamical systems, which measures their aperiodicity. We show the existence of sequences in the Bernoulli shift and geodesics on closed hyperbolic manifolds which are as aperiodic as possible with respect to this condition.
The clustering morphology of freely rising deformable bubbles
Authors: Tagawa Yoshiyuki , Roghair Ivo , Prakash Vivek N. , van Sint Annaland Martin , Kuipers Hans , Sun Chao , Lohse Detlef 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe investigate the clustering morphology of a swarm of freely rising deformable bubbles. A three-dimensional Voronoï analysis enables us to distinguish quantitatively between two typical preferential clustering configurations: a regular lattice arrangement and irregular clustering. The bubble data are obtained from direct numerical simulations using the front-tracking method. It is found that the bubble deformation, represented by the aspect ratio $\chi $, plays a significant role in determining which type of clustering is realized: nearly spherical bubbles form a regular lattice arrangement, while more deformed bubbles show irregular clustering. Remarkably, this criterion for the clustering morphology holds for different diameters of the bubbles, surface tensions and viscosities of the liquid in the studied parameter regime. The mechanism of this clustering behaviour is most likely connected to the amount of vorticity generated at the bubble surfaces.
Energy compensation after an aerobic exercise session in high-fat/low-fit and low-fat/high-fit young male subjects
Authors: Charlot Keyne , Chapelot Didier 
Published: March 2013

There is general agreement that exercise-induced energy expenditure is not entirely compensated for at the next meal or over the following 24 h, but inter-individual variability is high. The role of ‘fatness and fitness’ in this variability has never been assessed. Therefore, eighteen non-obese male subjects aged 22·2 (sd2·0) years were selected and separated into a ‘high-fatness and low-fitness’ (Hfat/Lfit,n9) and a ‘low-fatness and high-fitness’ (Lfat/Hfit,n9) group, according to three criteria: maximal oxygen uptake; weekly hours of physical activity; fat mass index. At 1 h before lunch, they were subjected to 60 min of exercise on a cycle ergometer (70 % VO2max), or stayed at rest. Then, they self-reported food intake in diaries until the next breakfast. Intake at lunch was not different between conditions, but was higher after exercise than after rest over the 24 h, leading to a significant but partial mean level of compensation of 49·8 (sem16·5) and 37·8 (sem24·6) % for the Hfat/Lfit and Lfat/Hfit groups, respectively. Energy compensation at lunch and over the 24 h were strongly correlated (r0·76,P< 0·001). Both groups consumed more fat and protein after exercise than after rest over the 24 h, but the percentage of energy derived from fat increased only in the Hfat/Lfit group (2·1 (sem0·6) %,P= 0·026). Thus, the energy cost of an aerobic exercise session was partially compensated over the next 24 h independently of the ‘fatness and fitness’ status, but ‘high-fat and low-fit’ individuals compensated more specifically on fats.
Galacto-oligosaccharides increase calcium absorption and gut bifidobacteria in young girls: a double-blind cross-over trial
Authors: Whisner Corrie M. , Martin Berdine R. , Schoterman Margriet H. C. , Nakatsu Cindy H. , McCabe Linda D. , McCabe George P. , Wastney Meryl E. , van den Heuvel Ellen G. H. M. , Weaver Connie M. 
Published: March 2013

Adolescence is a time for rapid growth that represents an opportunity to influence peak bone mass. Prebiotic agents, such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), increase Ca absorption in animal models and postmenopausal women. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the dose–response relationship of GOS supplementation on Ca absorption during growth and to assess changes in colonic microbiota to better understand the mechanism by which GOS is acting. A total of thirty-one healthy adolescent girls aged 10–13 years consumed smoothie drinks twice daily with 0, 2·5 or 5 g GOS for three 3-week periods in a random order. Fractional Ca absorption was determined from urinary Ca excretion over 48 h at the end of each 3-week period using a dual stable isotope method. Faecal microbiota and bifidobacteria were assessed by PCR–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR. Fractional Ca absorption after the 48 h treatment with control, 5 and 10 g GOS/d was 0·393 (sd 0·092), 0·444 (sd 0·086) and 0·419 (sd 0·099), respectively. Significant improvements in Ca absorption were seen with both low and high doses of GOS compared with the control (P< 0·02), but it was not a dose–response relationship. The increase in absorption was greatest in the urine collected after 24 h, which is consistent with lower gut absorption. Faecal bifidobacteria increased (control 10·89 (sd 13·86), 5 g GOS 22·80 (sd 15·74) and 10 g GOS 11·54 (sd 14·20)) with the GOS treatment (P< 0·03). The results suggest that daily consumption of 5 g GOS increases Ca absorption, which may be mediated by the gut microbiota, specifically bifidobacteria.
Assessment of bacterial diversity in breast milk using culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches
Authors: Jost Ted , Lacroix Christophe , Braegger Christian , Chassard Christophe 
Published: March 2013

Initial neonatal gut colonisation is a crucial stage for developing a healthy physiology, beneficially influenced by breast-feeding. Breast milk has been shown not only to provide nutrients and bioactive/immunological compounds, but also commensal bacteria, including gut-associated anaerobic Bifidobacterium spp. The aim of the present study was to investigate bacterial diversity in breast milk, with emphasis on identifying gut-associated obligate anaerobes. Breast milk collected from seven mothers at three sampling points (days 3–6, 9–14 and 25–30 postpartum) was analysed by combined culture-dependent and state-of-the-art, culture-independent methods (Sanger sequencing and 454-pyrosequencing). In addition to the predominance of facultative anaerobes such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Propionibacterium (>90 % of isolated strains and 23·7 % relative abundance using pyrosequencing), significant populations of obligate anaerobes, including Bifidobacterium and Veillonella, were detected using pyrosequencing and confirmed by the isolation of viable strains (3·4 % of isolates and 1·4 % relative abundance). Pyrosequencing also revealed the presence of DNA of multiple major gut-associated obligate anaerobes (6·2 % relative abundance) such as Bacteroides and, for the first time, several members of the Clostridia, including butyrate producers, such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, which are important for colonic health. The present study suggests that breast milk may be a major source of bacterial diversity to the neonatal gut, including gut-associated obligate anaerobes, and may thus significantly influence gut colonisation and maturation of the immune system.
Non-planar dust-acoustic solitary waves and double layers in a four-component dusty plasma with super thermal electrons
Authors: CHATTERJEE PRASANTA , GHOSH DEB KUMAR , GHOSH UDAY NARAYAN , SAHU BISWAJIT 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe properties of non-planar (cylindrical and spherical) dust-acoustic solitary waves (DA SWs) and double layers (DLs) in an unmagnetised collisionless four-component dusty plasma, whose constituents are positively and negatively charged dust grains, super thermal electrons and Boltzmannian ions are investigated by deriving the modified Gardner (MG) equation. The well known reductive perturbation method is employed to derive the MG equation and solve it numerically to study the nonlinear features of the finite amplitude non-planar DA Gardner solitons (GSs) and DLs, which are shown to exist for κ around its critical value κc (where, κ is the super thermal parameter and κc is the value of κ corresponding to the vanishing of the nonlinear coefficient of the Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV) equation). It is seen that the properties of non-planar DA SWs and DLs are significantly differs in non-planar geometry from planar geometry. It is also found that the magnitude of the amplitude of positive and negative GSs decreases with κ and the width of positive and negative GSs increases with the increase of κ.