bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytometric characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells Captured by microfiltration and their correlation to the cellsearch® CTC test
Authors: Adams Daniel L. , Stefansson Steingrimur , Haudenschild Christian , Martin Stuart S. , Charpentier Monica , Chumsri Saranya , Cristofanilli Massimo , Tang Cha‐Mei , Alpaugh R. Katherine 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRecent studies reporting hundreds, to thousands, of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of cancer patients have raised questions regarding the prevalence of CTCs, as enumerated by the CellSearch® CTC Test. Although CellSearch has been shown to consistently detect clinically relevant CTCs; the ability to only capture EpCAM positive cells has led to speculation that it captures limited subsets of CTCs. In contrast, alternative approaches to CTC isolation are often cited as capturing large numbers of CTCs from patient blood. Not surprisingly the number of cells isolated by alternative approaches show poor correlations when compared to CellSearch, even when accounting for EpCAM presence or absence. In an effort to address this discrepancy, we ran an exploratory method comparison study to characterize and compare the CTC subgroups captured from duplicate blood samples from 30 breast and prostate cancer patients using a microfiltration system (CellSieve™) and CellSearch. We then categorized the CellSieve Cytokeratin(CK)+/CD45−/DAPI+ cells into five morphologically distinct subpopulations for correlative analysis. Like other filtration techniques, CellSieve isolated greater numbers of CK+/CD45− cells than CellSearch. Furthermore, analysis showed low correlation between the total CK+/CD45− cells captured by these two assays, regardless of EpCAM presence. However, subgrouping of CK+/CD45−/DAPI+ cells based on distinct cytokeratin staining patterns and nuclear morphologies elucidated a subpopulation correlative to CellSearch. Using method comparison analyses, we identified a specific CTC morphology which is highly correlative between two distinct capture methods. These data suggests that although various morphologic CTCs with similar phenotypic expressions are present in the blood of cancer patients, the clinically relevant cells isolated by CellSearch can potentially be identified using non‐EpCAM dependent isolation. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictive power of late gadolinium enhancement for myocardial recovery in chronic ischaemic heart failure: a HEART sub‐study
Authors: McDiarmid Adam K. , Loh Huan , Nikitin Nikolay , Cleland John G. , Ball Stephen G. , Greenwood John P. , Plein Sven , Sparrow Patrick 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe amount of myocardial scar measured by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging predicts regional recovery in wall motion following revascularization. Previous studies have been conducted in patients with a relatively recent myocardial insult and relatively preserved left ventricular (LV) function. In this sub‐study of a clinical trial, the predictive value of LGE, and other CMR‐derived data, for myocardial recovery in patients with chronic severe ischaemic cardiomyopathy was assessed.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with severe LV impairment of ischaemic origin were enrolled as a sub‐study of a trial that randomly assigned patients to revascularization or not in addition to guideline‐indicated pharmacological therapy. Patients underwent a CMR study at baseline and 6 months. Scans were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed for wall motion, rest/stress myocardial perfusion, and LGE.ResultsThe median duration of heart failure was 13 (inter‐quartile range 5–21) months. Patients had severe LV dilatation [end‐diastolic volume (EDV) 280 ± 77 mL] and reduction in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (29 ± 10%). The percentage scar burden by LGE was 17 ± 9%. Patient characteristics of those undergoing revascularization (n = 7) or not (n = 14) were similar. Myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) improved following revascularization (MPRI 1.17 vs. 1.57, P < 0.0001) but not following medical therapy (1.39 vs. 1.32, P = 0.54). However, LVEF improved in patients whether or not they had revascularization. In the revascularization group, 14% of dysfunctional segments with LGE <25% and 22% of dysfunctional segments with LGE <50% had improved contractile function. However, the transmural extent of LGE did not predict contractile recovery following revascularization or pharmacological therapy (P = 0.19, P = 0.42). LVEDV improved overall (280 ± 77 to 269 ± 83 mL, P = 0.05); improvement was associated with heart failure duration (P = 0.04).ConclusionsIn patients with chronic severe LV impairment of ischaemic origin, duration of heart failure is a better predictor of recovery than transmural extent of LGE, following medical therapy or successful revascularization. This suggests that the extent of myocardial remodelling is more important for LV recovery than the presence and extent of prior infarction alone and that LGE should not be the sole determinant of treatment method in severe LV systolic dysfunction of ischaemic origin.
Iron(II) Spin‐Crossover Complexes with Schiff Base Like Ligands and N‐Alkylimidazoles
Authors: Schlamp Stephan , Lochenie Charles , Bauer Tobias , Kempe Rhett , Weber Birgit 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThree new iron(II) spin‐crossover complexes with N2O2‐coordinating Schiff base like equatorial ligands and alkylimidazole ligands in the axial positions were synthesised. The chain length of the alkylimidazole was varied from the previously published 1 to 5, 7 and 10 carbon atoms to investigate the influence of the alkyl chain length on the spin‐transition behaviour in solution and in the solid state. The crystal structures of [1(HeptIm)2] and [1(DecIm)2] (1 = Fe complex with equatorial Schiff base like ligand; HeptIm = N‐heptylimidazole, DecIm = N‐decylimidazole) and the packing of the molecules in the crystals are discussed.
Triphenylacetic Acid Amides: Molecular Propellers with Induced Chirality
Authors: Prusinowska Natalia , Bendzińska‐Berus Wioletta , Jelecki Maciej , Rychlewska Urszula , Kwit Marcin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe combination of electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy (ECD), X‐ray diffraction, and theoretical calculations permitted a detailed description of an unexpected chirality transfer in triphenylacetamides, which is achieved solely through weak intramolecular interactions. The observed phenomenon proceeds as a cascade process. The triphenylacetamide chromophore is sensitive to even small changes in the relative size of the substituent attached to the stereogenic center. Substitution at the stereogenic center influences helicity of the distal trityl chromophore but does not affect its propeller shape. Deformation of the propeller shape and consequent loss of itsC3symmetry results mainly from substitution of the amide hydrogen and is connected with an increase in steric hindrance. As an outcome of our studies, a model of optical activity of chiral triphenylacetamides is proposed. The performed X‐ray studies revealed that this novel class of chiral compounds is likely to be of additional value due to the porosity of the crystals.
Stereoselective TiCl4‐Mediated Aldol Reactions Starting from Acylsilanes
Authors: Marri Gangababu , Reddy J. Satyanarayana , Ruiz Johal , Das Saibal , Grée René 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA simple and efficient method for the preparation of β‐hydroxyacylsilanes has been developed through a TiCl4‐mediated aldol reaction. A selection of Lewis acids has been assessed, and other parameters such as solvent and temperature have been optimized. These aldol reactions occur under mild conditions and furnish a selection of β‐hydroxy acylsilanes in fair‐to‐good yields with high syn selectivities (up to 99 %).
Solvent Induced Fabrication of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolyzer: A study in Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Based Membrane Electrode Assembly
Authors: Xiang Z. , Bu F. , Xing W. , Na H. , Zhang Y. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA novel solvent induced fabrication technique is developed for the preparation of the sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) based water electrolysis membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The solvent, dimethyl formamide (DMF), instead of the high pressure and temperature, is used to induce the softening of the membrane and better integration of the MEA with excellent interface compatibility. The influence of hot pressing period, the amount of polymer used in the electrode, and the temperature are investigated to optimize the performance of the MEA. The single cell performance for the water electrolysis is evaluated to optimize the fabrication parameters. It is found out that all three factors have great influences on the final cell performance and the tradeoff effects are observed due to the various states of the catalyst efficiency, TPBs, the conductivity, and cell resistance. As a result, the cell performance is optimized with the MEA fabricated at 120 °C, using the catalysts to polymer weight ratio of 5:1 and a 60s hot pressing period.
Fabrication of Titanium Bipolar Plates by Rubber Forming Process and Evaluation Characteristics of TiN coated Titanium Bipolar Plates
Authors: Lee K. H. , Jin C. K. , Kang C. G. , Seo H. Y. , Kim J. D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this study, the rubber forming process is used to fabricate a micro‐channel titanium plate for a PEM fuel cell. The micro‐channel plate is fabricated using a 200 ton hydraulic press, and various parameters (punch speed, press pressure, rubber thickness, rubber hardness) are investigated in order to evaluate the formability. TiN films are deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering (DCMS) with an electromagnetic field system (EMFS). For the uncoated titanium and TiN‐coated titanium substrates, the hardness, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance are estimated by nano‐indentation and electrochemical methods, respectively. The improved corrosion resistance of the TiN films can be attributed to the densification of the film caused by enhancement of nitrification with increasing high reactive nitrogen radicals. The uncoated titanium and TiN‐coated titanium bipolar plates are combined with a unit cell for a performance test, and respective current densities of 0.396 and 0.888 A cm−2 at 0.6 V are obtained.
Enhanced Fuel Cell Performance of Decalin Treated Nafion® Membranes
Authors: Krishnan L. , Yeager G. , Clark K. , Kerr J. , Soloveichik G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe interaction of Nafion® 212 membrane with a carbocyclic fuel, decalin was studied. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) fabricated with decalin treated membranes exhibited significant increase in power density in a H2/Air fuel cell at 60% relative humidity. Small angle X‐ray scattering experiments were used to understand the morphological changes in the membrane due to decalin treatment.
From workstations to workbenches: Towards predicting physicochemically viable protein–protein interactions across a host and a pathogen
Authors: Ramakrishnan Gayatri , Chandra Nagasuma R. , Srinivasan Narayanaswamy 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe understanding of protein–protein interactions is indispensable in comprehending most of the biological processes in a cell. Small‐scale experiments as well as large‐scale high‐throughput techniques over the past few decades have facilitated identification and analysis of protein–protein interactions which form the basis of much of our knowledge on functional and regulatory aspects of proteins. However, such rich catalog of interaction data should be used with caution when establishing protein–protein interactions in silico, as the high‐throughput datasets are prone to false positives. Numerous computational means developed to pursue genome‐wide studies on protein–protein interactions at times overlook the mechanistic and molecular details, thus questioning the reliability of predicted protein–protein interactions. We review the development, advantages, and shortcomings of varied approaches and demonstrate that by providing a structural viewpoint in terms of shape complementarity and interaction energies at protein–protein interfaces coupled with information on expression and localization of proteins homologous to an interacting pair, it is possible to assess the credibility of predicted interactions in biological context. With a focus on human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, we show that such scrupulous use of details at the molecular level can predict physicochemically viable protein–protein interactions across host and pathogen. Such predicted interactions have the potential to provide molecular basis of probable mechanisms of pathogenesis and hence open up ways to explore their usefulness as targets in the light of drug discovery. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(11):759–774, 2014
Clinical trial simulation to evaluate population pharmacokinetics and food effect: Capturing abiraterone and nilotinib exposures
Authors: Li Claire H. , Sherer Eric A. , Lewis Lionel D. , Bies Robert R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine (1) the accuracy with which individual patient level exposure can be determined and (2) whether a known food effect can be identified in a trial simulation of a typical population pharmacokinetic trial. Clinical trial simulations were undertaken using NONMEM VII to assess a typical oncology pharmacokinetic trial design. Nine virtual trials for each compound were performed for combinations of different levels of between‐occasion variability, number of patients in the trial, and magnitude of a food covariate on oral clearance. Less than 5% and 20% bias and precision were obtained in individual clearance estimated for both abiraterone and nilotinib using this design. This design resulted in biased and imprecise population clearance estimates for abiraterone. The between‐occasion variability in most trials was captured with less than 30% of percent bias and precision. The food effect was detectable as a statistically significant covariate on oral clearance for abiraterone and nilotinib with percent bias and precision of the food covariate less than 20%. These results demonstrate that clinical trial simulation can be used to explore the ability of specific trial designs to evaluate the power to identify individual and population level exposures, covariate, and variability effects.
The inhibitory effect of fluoride on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox)
Authors: Ji Yu‐Xin , Zhu Mei‐Hong , Ye Xiao‐Qing , Peng Ting‐Yu , Jin Ren‐Cun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising process for nitrogen removal, but it cannot always be used successfully in the presence of inorganic matter. The feasibility of using the anammox process for treating wastewater that contains fluoride was examined in this study. The short‐term inhibitory effect was tested at various fluoride concentrations and exposure times, and diverse pre‐exposure strategies were performed in special serum bottles. Subsequently, the long‐term effect of fluoride stress was continuously monitored and evaluated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor.RESULTSThe 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of fluoride for anammox biomass was calculated to be 767 mg L−1 in batch tests with an initial total nitrogen (TN) level of 200 mg L−1. A remarkable inhibitory effect of fluoride emerged when the substrate was supplied at >420 mg L−1 TN. The diameter and settling velocity of the granules significantly increased with the addition of 250 mg L−1 fluoride.CONCLUSIONThe performance of the anammox system and the granule properties were abnormal at a fluoride concentration of 400 mg L−1. The anammox UASB reactor was able to treat wastewater containing up to 350 mg L−1 fluoride after 183 days. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Neue Grubenwehr‐Leitlinien des Deutschen Ausschusses für das Grubenrettungswesen
Authors: Hermülheim Walter , Roehl Wolfgang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn Neubearbeitung der Empfehlungen aus den Jahren 1990 und 2005 hat der Deutsche Ausschuss für das Grubenrettungswesen (DA GRW) im Juni 2014 neue Leitlinien für Grubenwehren verabschiedet. Die Leitlinien berücksichtigen vor allem die seit einigen Jahren rückläufige Anzahl an Grubenwehren sowie die Tatsache, dass es in Deutschland eine Reihe von kleinen Bergbaubetrieben gibt, die wegen ihrer Betriebsgröße nicht über eine eigene Grubenwehr verfügen oder aber keine Hilfeleistungsgrubenwehr aus dem Nahbereich anfordern können. Die neuen Empfehlungen sind ferner gedacht als ein erster Schritt zu einer Zusammenführung der Grubenwehr‐Regeln des Nichtkohlenbergbaus mit dem entsprechenden Regelwerk des deutschen Steinkohlenbergbaus, wenn es wie geplant 2019 zu einer Konzentration aller deutschen Hauptstellen unter dem Dach des Zentralen Grubenrettungswesens der Berufsgenossenschaft Rohstoffe und Chemische Industrie (BGRCI) kommen wird. In den neuen Leitlinien des DA GRW sind vor allem folgende Themengebiete überarbeitet bzw. gegenüber den bisherigen Regeln ergänzt worden:– Personelle Stärke von Grubenwehren, – Ersatzmaßnahmen bei Nichterreichen der notwendigen Grubenwehrstärke, – Ausrüstung der Grubenwehr, – Einsätze unter erschwerten Bedingungen.New guidelines for mine rescue teams of the German Mine Rescue CommitteeIn revision of former recommendations as of 1990 and 2005 the German Mine Rescue Committee (DA GRW) has adopted new guidelines for mine rescue teams in June 2014. The guidelines take into account that throughout the last years particularly, the number of mine rescue teams in Germany has been declining and that there is an increasing number of small mining operations that do not have an own full mine rescue brigade or can not call mine rescue assistance from close range. The new guidelines are also intended as a first step towards an amalgamation of the mine rescue rules of non‐coal mining with the appropriate regulations of the German coal industry, when in 2019 all German rescue stations as planned will be united under the umbrella of the Central Mine Rescue Service of the Employers' Liability Insurance Association Raw Materials and Chemical Industry (BG RCI). In the new guidelines of the DA GRW, especially the following issues have been revised or added, compared to the previous rules:– Strength of mine rescue teams in non‐coal mining, – Alternative safety measures in case of inability to meet the required number of personnel, – Equipment of mine rescue brigades, – Mine rescue operations under difficult ambient conditions.
Was there really any evidence that rosiglitazone increased the risk of myocardial infarction or death from cardiovascular causes?
Authors: Stone Jennifer C. , Furuya‐Kanamori Luis , Barendregt Jan J. , Doi Suhail A. R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRosiglitazone has previously been widely used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its safety in terms of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality had been called into question. Recently, there have been doubts raised about the meta‐analytic evidence with the regulatory authorities relaxing its restrictions. We hypothesized that the original analyses may have produced exaggerated results because of the small baseline risks involved. To demonstrate this, we replicated the meta‐analysis of four randomized trials of greater than 12‐month follow‐up that made use of a randomized control group not receiving rosiglitazone and reported outcome data for all occurrences of the complementary outcomes (no myocardial infarction, no death from cardiovascular causes, and no heart failure). Data were combined by means of a fixed‐effects model. In the rosiglitazone group, as compared with the control group, the relative risk for no myocardial infarction was 0.997 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.994 to 1.000), and the relative risk for no death from cardiovascular causes was 1.001 (95%CI, 0.999 to 1.003). Finally, no heart failure had a relative risk of 0.995 (95%CI, 0.993 to 0.998). Rosiglitazone does not seem to have any significant increase in the risk of myocardial infarction or of death from cardiovascular causes associated with its use. Regulatory authorities should revisit this issue of the appropriate measure for reporting of adverse events with low baseline risks as this has implications well beyond rosiglitazone. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Core‐shell structured poly(glycidyl methacrylate)/BaTiO3 nanocomposites prepared by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization: A novel material for high energy density dielectric storage
Authors: Ejaz Muhammad , Puli Venkata S. , Elupula Ravinder , Adireddy Shiva , Riggs Brian C. , Chrisey Douglas B. , Grayson Scott M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCore‐shell structured barium titanate‐poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (BaTiO3‐PGMA) nanocomposites were prepared by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of GMA from the surface of BaTiO3 nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the grafting of the PGMA shell on the surface of the BaTiO3 nanoparticles cores. Transmission Electron Microscopy results revealed that BaTiO3 nanoparticles are covered by thin brushes (∼20 nm) of PGMA forming a core‐shell structure and thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the grafted BaTiO3‐PGMA nanoparticles consist of ∼13.7% PGMA by weight. Upon incorporating these grafted nanoparticles into 20 μm‐thick films, the resultant BaTiO3‐PGMA nanocomposites have shown an improved dielectric constant (ε = 54), a high breakdown field strength (∼3 MV/cm) and high‐energy storage density ∼21.51 J/cm3. AC conductivity measurements were in good agreement with Jonscher's universal power law and low leakage current behavior was observed before the electrical breakdown field of the films. Improved dielectric and electrical properties of core‐shell structured BaTiO3‐PGMA nanocomposite were attributed to good nanoparticle dispersion and enhanced interfacial polarization. Furthermore, only the surface grafted BaTiO3 yielded homogenous films that were mechanically stable. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 719–728
Synthesis and crystallization of star‐shaped photocleavable poly(ε‐caprolactone)s
Authors: Kasegaonkar Ajay S. , Barqawi Haitham , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTHere, we report on the synthesis and different crystallization behavior of linear‐ and star‐ PCL's containing a photocleavable linker (5‐hydroxy‐2‐nitro benzaldehyde), modulated by photochemical switching. Basis is the attachment of a photocleavable moiety close to the star‐core of a three‐arm star poly(caprolactone), so that the crystallization behavior can be controlled via a photochemical stimulus. The polymerization of ε‐caprolactone using a trivalent photocleavable initiator and stannous octanoate catalyst resulted in the synthesis of different molecular weights of star‐shaped photocleavable polymers. Various techniques like 1H NMR and ESI‐TOF‐MS confirmed the successful synthesis of the star‐shaped polymers. Complete photocleavage is ensured via GPC, HPLC, and ESI‐TOF‐MS. DSC studies clearly indicated the enhancement in crystallinity after photocleavage of the star‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone)s. Hence, for the first time phototriggered crystallization behavior of PCL polymers is reported, where the confinement exerted by the star architecture is removed by photoirradiation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 642–649