bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse Effects of Midlife Occupational and Leisure Time Physical Activity on Mobility Limitation in Old Age—A 28‐Year Prospective Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Hinrichs Timo , von Bonsdorff Mikaela B. , Törmäkangas Timo , von Bonsdorff Monika E. , Kulmala Jenni , Seitsamo Jorma , Nygård Clas‐Håkan , Ilmarinen Juhani , Rantanen Taina 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate in a sample of initially middle‐aged municipal employees whether leisure time (LPA) or occupational physical activity (OPA) was associated with mobility limitation (ML) in old age.DesignProspective population‐based follow‐up.SettingMunicipalities in Finland.ParticipantsPublic sector employees from the Finnish Longitudinal Study on Municipal Employees (FLAME) initially aged 44 to 58 (N = 5,200).MeasurementsBaseline data were collected in 1981, including LPA (average exercise within previous year: inactive (no exercise), moderate (some form of exercise ≤1 time per week), vigorous (brisk exercise ≥1 time per week)) and OPA (usual activities at work within previous year: light (light work sitting, standing, or moving around), moderate (moderate work moving around), vigorous (heavy physical work)). Number of MLs was assessed using a questionnaire (8 items) in 1985, 1992, 1997, and 2009; the latest mobility score available for each subject was used for analyses. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for LPA and OPA predicting ML were estimated in a joint Poisson regression model adjusted for survival data; the other type of PA; and sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and health‐related factors.ResultsMean age at baseline was 50.3 ± 3.6; 56.9% of participants were female. Participants with vigorous OPA in midlife had greater risk of a unit increase in ML in old age than those with light OPA (fully adjusted IRR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.03–1.16). Participants with vigorous LPA had lower risk of ML than inactive participants (fully adjusted IRR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.76–0.86).ConclusionFindings suggest that LPA and OPA in midlife have independent, inverse effects on mobility in old age in terms of a harmful effect of vigorous OPA and a protective effect of vigorous LPA.
Porters to Heaven
Authors: Ward Kate 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis essay presents Augustine as a rich ethical resource on issues of wealth and poverty. Contrary to prevalent views that he had little to say on issues of economic justice, Augustine decries wealth as morally dangerous, promotes the agency of the poor in advocating for themselves with the wealthy, and supports distributive justice. Augustine envisions an interdependent Christian community where the wealthy not only help the poor, but rely on the poor to help them achieve salvation by “bearing their goods to heaven,” as Augustine describes the receipt of alms. Augustine's view of wealth's moral danger is an apt resource for ethicists interested in virtue. His insistence on poor people's moral agency and interdependence among poor and wealthy speak to pressing issues of justice in today's unequal societies.
Fine Art as Preparation for Christian Love
Authors: Rottenberg Ian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis essay links Jean‐Luc Marion's phenomenology of fine art to his description of Christian love. It does so by carefully showing how Marion's overall project is closely related to Kant's well‐known account of the relationship between aesthetics and morality. While Kant and Marion both believe that aesthetic experience can lay the groundwork for moral action, their contrasting views of morality lead them to very different articulations of such a relationship. While Kant sees encounters with fine art as preparing individuals for the particular kinds of disinterested judgments characteristic of moral decision‐making, Marion sees artwork as preparing the subject for the openness toward intuitive excess that is necessary for love.
Thick or Thin?
Authors: Lloyd Vincent 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIf liberal Protestantism begins with suspicion of tradition, is “thick” liberal Protestant theology possible or must liberal Protestant theology always be “thin”? This review essay examines several recent contributions to “thick” theology that make use of, and speak to, social and political engagement. The books under review describe and reflect on the varied forms of Christian political activism and organizing that have emerged in recent years around issues of immigration, fair wages, and global justice. I argue that a distinction between Christian activism and Christian organizing must be made, where the former denotes advocacy on behalf of a community and the latter means standing together with a community, bringing out the capacities of community members, and allowing oneself to be transformed in the process. Further, I reflect on whether liberal Christian theology necessarily results in liberal politics.
Two cases of tinea ciliaris with blepharitis due to Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton verrucosum and review of the literature
Authors: Sahin Gulay Ozel , Dadaci Zeynep , Ozer Turkan Toka 
Published: April 2014

SummaryDermatophytes are rarely taken into account among the causes of blepharitis. In our report, we describe a 69‐year‐old man and a 40‐year‐old woman with chronic blepharitis for 10 years and 4 years respectively, in whom we examined the scales and pulled eyelashes on direct microscopy and isolated Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton verrrucosum in the culture. We emphasise that dermatophytes may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of chronic blepharitis. In chronic, treatment resistance blepharitis fungal infections may be considered as possible cause.
Blockade of interleukin‐8 receptor signalling inhibits cyst development in vitro, via suppression of cell proliferation in autosomal polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Lee Eun Ji , Song Seon Ah , Mun Hyo Won , Yoo Kyung Hyun , Choi Soo Young , Park Eun Young , Park Jong Hoon 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a highly prevalent inherited disorder and results in the progressive development of cysts in both kidneys. In recent studies, several cytokines and growth factors secreted by the cyst‐lining epithelia were identified to be upregulated and promote cyst growth. According to our previous study, chemokines with a similar amino acid sequence as human interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) are highly expressed in a rodent model with renal cysts. Therefore, in this study, we focused on whether IL‐8 signalling is associated with renal cyst formation, and tested the possibility of IL‐8 as a new therapeutic target for ADPKD.MethodsExpression of IL‐8 and its receptor were screened either by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western blot. Inhibited IL‐8 signalling by antagonist for IL‐8 receptor or gene silencing was tested in molecular levels, mainly through Western blot. And cell proliferation was measured by XTT assays. Finally, a three‐dimensional culture was performed to understand how IL‐8 affected cyst formation, in vitro.ResultsInterleukin‐8 secretion and expression of its receptor highly increased in two different human ADPKD cell lines (WT9‐7 and WT9‐12), compared to normal human renal cortical epithelial cell line. Cell proliferation, which is mediated by IL‐8 signal, was inhibited either by an antagonist or siRNA targeting for IL‐8 receptor. Finally, a three‐dimensional culture showed an alleviation of cystogenesis in vitro, after blocking the IL‐8 receptor signals.ConclusionThese results suggest that IL‐8 and its signalling molecules could be new biomarkers and a therapeutic target of ADPKD.
Explicit thoughts of security activate implicit self‐doubt in anxiously attached participants
Authors: PETERSON JULIE L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPeople high in attachment‐related anxiety experience greater anxieties and ambivalence (e.g., M. Mikulincer, P. R. Shaver, N. Bar‐On, & T. Ein‐Dor, ) when feelings of relationship security are activated. The current research suggests that anxiously attached people also experience a decrease in implicit feelings of self‐worth. Across two studies participants high (vs. low) in attachment anxiety reported more negative implicit self‐evaluations after thinking about a time they felt loved and cared for by a close other. Study 2 further revealed that more negative implicit self‐evaluations are not a function of differences in the type of events recalled by high anxiety participants. These latter results suggest that security‐enhancing thoughts automatically activate a negative association with the self that is not consciously reflected in participants' written responses.
A marriage of convenience; a simple food chain comprised of Lemna minor (L.) and Gammarus pulex (L.) to study the dietary transfer of zinc
Authors: Lahive E. , O'Halloran J. , Jansen M. A. K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMacrophytes contribute significantly to the cycling of metals in aquatic systems, through accumulation during growth and release during herbivory or decomposition. Accumulation of high levels of metals has been extensively documented in Lemnaceae (duckweeds). However, the degree of trophic transfer of metals from Lemnaceae to secondary consumers remains poorly understood. This study demonstrates that zinc accumulated in Lemna minor is bioavailable to the herbivore consumer Gammarus pulex. Overall, the higher the zinc content of L. minor, the more zinc accumulated in G. pulex. Accumulation in G. pulex was such that mortality occurred when they were fed high zinc‐containing L. minor. Yet, the percentage of consumed zinc retained by G. pulex actually decreased with higher zinc concentrations in L. minor. We hypothesise that this decrease reflects internal zinc metabolism, including a shift from soluble to covalently bound zinc in high zinc‐containing L. minor. Consistently, relatively more zinc is lost through depuration when G. pulex is fed L. minor with high zinc content. The developed Lemna–Gammarus system is simple, easily manipulated, and sensitive enough for changes in plant zinc metabolism to be reflected in metal accumulation by the herbivore, and therefore suitable to study ecologically relevant metal cycling in aquatic ecosystems.
Faster acquisition of conditioned fear to fear‐relevant than to nonfear‐relevant conditional stimuli
Authors: Ho Yiling , Lipp Ottmar V. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPrepared learning theory posits that prepared associations are acquired rapidly and resist extinction. Although it has been shown repeatedly that prepared associations resist extinction, there is currently little evidence to support the proposal of faster acquisition. The current study provides such evidence using a within‐subjects conditioning procedure with a 50% reinforcement schedule. Participants were presented with pictures of four animals, two fear‐relevant (snake, spider) and two nonfear‐relevant (fish, bird), one of each paired with an unpleasant electrotactile stimulus on 50% of the trials during acquisition. Differential electrodermal responding was observed within the first two blocks of acquisition for fear‐relevant but not for nonfear‐relevant conditional stimuli, confirming the prediction that prepared associations are acquired faster than nonprepared associations.
A Note on Estimation in Hilbertian Linear Models
Authors: Hörmann Siegfried , Kidziński Łukasz 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe study estimation and prediction in linear models where the response and the regressor variable both take values in some Hilbert space. Our main objective is to obtain consistency of a principal component‐based estimator for the regression operator under minimal assumptions. In particular, we avoid some inconvenient technical restrictions that have been used throughout the literature. We develop our theory in a time‐dependent setup that comprises as important special case the autoregressive Hilbertian model.
Hesitant Europeanisation: two decades of practice in two city governments
Authors: Dukes Thea , Van der Wusten Herman 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLike many other cities in Europe, from the early 1990s, Amsterdam and The Hague have over time intensified their EU engagement. In both cities there has been a switch from a view on Europe as problem solver, threat or duty, towards Europe as a means of profiling and identity building, as reflected in a change from passive towards active behaviour vis‐à‐vis Europe. Whereas European activities initially were rather a formal practice, they have finally been put on the local political agendas. At the same time, this process of Europeanisation seems to fare under the aegis of a wider process of internationalisation. The basic driving force is not aimed at Europe at all.
Who lives, who dies, who cares? Valuing life through the disability‐adjusted life year measurement
Authors: Laurie Emma Whyte 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAgamben's work on bare life, sovereignty and spaces of exception is widely drawn upon by those seeking to understand the topologies of abandonment within contemporary society. While the majority of work has focused on the spectacular forms of violence and extraordinary spaces of exception, neoliberal ideology has been germinating a new version of biopolitics and as such creating new sacred populations, new camps and new sovereign powers. This paper brings Agamben out from the battlefield, to employ his thinking as a means to understand the systemic violence conducted through a biopolitical regime increasingly governed by the logic of profit accumulation. Focusing on vector‐borne diseases, the paper demonstrates a perpetual devaluation of lives within a prevailing economic system that searches out, and targets, ‘profitable’ populations, as exemplified by the current pharmaceutical industry and supporting apparatus that pursues the protection of profits over the preservation of lives. This abandonment within economic markets has spilled over into the arena of global health where equity is increasingly superseded by a goal of efficiency. Through a critique of the disability‐adjusted life year (DALY) measurement (a calculation drawn upon to justify interventions, and frequently invoked under the rubric of ‘cost‐effectiveness’), this paper argues that DALYs are symptomatic of a wider shift within global health governance and constitutive of a new biopolitical regime – where the body is incorporated within political and economic systems – by judging an individual's ‘worth’ through their economic productivity.
Septic transfusion reactions during blood transfusion via indwelling central venous catheters
Authors: Ricci Kristin S. , Martinez Fernando , Lichtiger Benjamin , Han Xiang Y. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundTransfusion of blood products requires a vascular port. Use of an indwelling central venous catheter (CVC) provides this port readily and safely in general; however, potential risks require assessment.Study Design and MethodsThe objective was to examine septic reactions to blood transfusions performed via CVCs owing to subclinical microbial catheter colonization. All transfusion reactions that occurred from 2007 to 2011 at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center were analyzed and correlated with microbiology culture results. Data on the reactions, including vascular access via a catheter or peripheral venipuncture, were collected prospectively.ResultsA total of 999 reactions were reported, with an incidence of two per 1000 transfusion events. A total of 738 reactions occurred in 642 patients during transfusion through a CVC. Among them, 606 reactions occurred in patients that had cultures of blood samples drawn within 7 days before or after reaction. Sixty of these (9.9%) had at least one significant microorganism isolated from their catheters and/or peripheral blood. The blood culture results and timing suggested that these patients likely had catheter‐related bloodstream infections caused by transfusion through a CVC with subclinical microbial colonization. Fever and chills occurred in 35 of these patients (58%), which resembled febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. Culture results of the transfused blood products, although not performed in all cases, were mostly negative in these CVC‐related reactions.ConclusionBlood transfusion through an indwelling CVC may lead to septic reaction owing to subclinical microbial colonization. This risk should be considered before transfusion and during investigation of transfusion reactions.
Cytologic findings from a benign giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath in a dog
Authors: Campbell M. Wesley , Koehler Jey W. , Weiss Richard C. , Christopherson Pete W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA 6‐year‐old male neutered Australian Shepherd dog was presented for evaluation of a subcutaneous mass on the plantar aspect of the proximal left metatarsus. Fine‐needle aspirate smears contained numerous plump spindle cells and large multinucleated cells amongst a considerable amount of pink extracellular matrix. Histopathologic diagnosis of the tissue obtained during initial biopsy and eventual surgical cytoreduction of the mass was a benign giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (GCTTS). Immunohistochemically, the synovioblastic neoplastic cells were diffusely strongly positive for vimentin and S‐100, were multifocally moderately positive for cytokeratin AE1/3, and were negative for CD18, muscle‐specific actin (MSA), and melanoma‐associated antigen (mutated) 1 (MUM‐1). The dog recovered from surgery and underwent definitive radiation therapy to treat the local residual disease. Eight months later, the mass had not recurred. The diagnosis of GCTTS in this case supports previously published reports describing GCTTS as a relevant disease entity in dogs, and provides the first documentation of cytologic findings with this tumor. Further investigation is needed to correlate pathologic features with clinical behavior and response to therapy in dogs.
Physical Activity: Does Environment Make a Difference for Tension, Stress, Emotional Outlook, and Perceptions of Health Status?
Authors: Puett Robin , Teas Jane , España-Romero Vanesa , Artero Enrique Garcia , Lee Duck-chul , Baruth Meghan , Sui Xuemei , Montresor-López Jessica , Blair Steven N. 
Published: April 2014

Background:The importance of physical activity for health is well-established. Questions remain whether outdoor exercise additionally benefits overall mental and physical well-being.Methods:Using cross-sectional data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, we examined relationships of physical activity environment (PAE) with reported tension, stress, emotional outlook, and health.Results:11,649 participants were included. 18% exercised indoors, 54% outdoors, and 28% in both. Participants who exercised partially or entirely outdoors exercised more. In fully adjusted models, for women combined PAE was protective for worse emotional outlook (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.52–0.98). Combined PAE was also protective for reported poor health (OR for women: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44–0.91; OR for men: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61–0.92). Amount of physical activity modified PAE relationships with outcomes. Combined and outdoor PAE were more consistently protective for worse outcomes among high activity participants. Regardless of PAE, better outcomes were observed in active versus inactive participants.Conclusion:The current study suggests addition of outdoor PAE may be linked with better stress management, outlook and health perceptions for more active populations, whereas indoor PAE may be more important for low active populations. Further research should examine the order of causation and whether type of outdoor PAE (eg, urban, natural) is important.
Does Bus Rapid Transit Promote Walking? An Examination of New York City’s Select Bus Service
Authors: Day Kristen , Loh Lawrence , Ruff Ryan Richard , Rosenblum Randi , Fischer Sean , Lee Karen K. 
Published: April 2014

Background:Cities across the U.S. and internationally are adopting Bus Rapid Transit to improve transit services for residents. Features of Bus Rapid Transit include fewer stops, dedicated bus lanes, and expedited systems for boarding busses, compared with regular bus service. This study examines whether Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) ridership is associated with increased rates of walking, because of the greater distance between BRT stops compared with regular bus service.Methods:Surveys were conducted with riders of local and BRT buses for New York City’s M15 Select Bus Service line. Surveys examined bus ridership, health status and physical activity, walking rates, and demographic information.Results:BRT riders reported walking approximately half a block more than did local bus riders. The average number of blocks walked decreased for BRT riders who previously used the subway before the implementation of the BRT.Conclusions:BRT may be a useful tool to support walking for some groups. Depending on where it is implemented, BRT may also be associated with reduced walking among users who switch to BRT from other active transportation modes. Future research should examine associations between walking and BRT ridership with a larger sample and more sites.
Self-Efficacy, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior in Adolescent Girls: Testing Mediating Effects of the Perceived School and Home Environment
Authors: Plotnikoff Ronald C. , Gebel Klaus , Lubans David Revalds 
Published: April 2014

Background:According to social-cognitive theory (SCT), self-efficacy affects health behavior both directly and indirectly by influencing how individuals perceive their environment. This study examines whether perceptions of home and school environment mediate the association between self-efficacy and physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior in adolescent girls.Methods:Baseline data from the Nutrition and Enjoyable Activity for Teen Girls (NEAT) was used for this study. Grade 8 female students (n = 357) were recruited from 12 secondary schools located in low-income communities in the Hunter Region, New South Wales, Australia. PA was assessed using accelerometers, and sedentary behavior by self-report and accelerometers. Self-reported measures were used for perceived home and school environment and self-efficacy. Multilevel regression models were calculated to determine if the perceived environment mediated the relationship between self-efficacy with both PA and sedentary behavior.Results:The perceptions of the school and home environment did not mediate the relationship between PA self-efficacy and PA behavior or sedentary behavior.Conclusion:The mediated models were not supported for PA or sedentary behavior. However, other results of this paper may be helpful for future theory development and practice. More research is needed to understand behaviors in unique populations such as this.