Teatro, discapacidad e inclusión social Un acercamiento desde la obra de teatro ciego La casa de los deseos. (México)
Authors: Pérez-Delgado Hitandehui 
Published: October 2015

><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Antecedentes.</span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Este artículo es<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>resultado de un proceso investigativo de dos años y que hace parte de la tesis: <span class="Cursiva">Del escenario teatral al escenario social: teatro, discapacidad e inclusión social.</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> <span lang="ES-MX">Se realizó un estudio exploratorio en torno a las prácticas teatrales de la población con discapacidad visual y comunidad de sordos identificados en México hasta el año 2013; centrándose en dos experiencias: Compañía de teatro de sordos <span style="color: #00b0f0;">S</span>eña y <span style="color: #00b0f0;">V</span>erbo y la puesta en escena de </span></span><span class="Cursiva"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">La casa de los deseos. </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">El presente escrito aborda las implicaciones sociales <span style="color: #00b0f0;">de esta</span> puesta en escena.</span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"></em></p><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Objetivo.</span></strong></p><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Identificar los ámbitos en los que tiene impacto el teatro producido desde la población con discapacidad visual, o para esta, a partir del análisis de la obra teatral <span class="Cursiva">La casa de los deseos</span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, </em><span style="color: #00b0f0;">obra </span>realizada con la técnica de teatro ciego y presentada en México desde hace 15 años. </span></p><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Material y métodos</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">. </span></p><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Estudio exploratorio con método cualitativo a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y semidirigidas, así como observación <span style="color: #00b0f0;">directa. </span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Resultados.</span></strong></p><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Tras el trabajo de campo realizado y las entrevistas con actores clave de <span class="Cursiva">La casa de los deseos,</span> se encontraron constantes en cuanto al impacto de esta experiencia en la vida de los actores ciegos y el acceso a sus derechos económicos, sociales y culturales, agrupándose en las siguientes categorías: inclusión laboral y económica, desarrollo profesional y capital cultural.</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Conclusión.</span></strong></p><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Las propuestas estéticas y artísticas desde la discapacidad aportan e impactan positivamente en las vidas de quienes las crean o participan de ellas, así como en la comunidad a la que pertenecen y por ende en la cultura. La perspectiva latinoamericana sobre teatro y la discapacidad consiste en que cada vez se amplían las propuestas interesadas en este tema, haciendo teatro con personas ciegas o para ellas donde es frecuente el uso de la técnica de teatro ciego o teatro a oscuras. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Palabras clave: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">Arte; Distancia social; Personas con discapacidad </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;">(DeCS).</span><strong id="tinymce" class="mceContentBody " dir="ltr"></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong id="tinymce" class="mceContentBody " dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Abstract</span></strong></p><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Background. </span></strong></p><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #212121; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">This article is the result of a two year research process and is part of the thesis "From the theatrical stage to the social scene: theater, disability and social inclusion", An exploratory study was conducted around the theatrical practices of people with visual disabilities and the deaf community identified in Mexico up till 2013; focusing on two experiences: Deaf Theatre Company Seña y Verbo and the staging of </span><span class="Cursiva"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">The Wish House</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #212121; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">. This paper discusses the social implications of this staging.</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New'; color: #212121; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;" lang="EN"> </span></p><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> </span></strong></p><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Objective.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> To identify areas in which theater produced by or for people with visual disability has an impact, from the analysis of the play <span class="Cursiva">The Wish House</span>, play of blind theater that has been presented in Mexico for 15 years. </span></p><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Material and methods.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> Exploratory study with a qualitative approach using semi-structured and semi-</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">directed interviews, as well as non-participant observation.</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Results.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> After the fieldwork and interviews were done with key actors of the play <span class="Cursiva">The Wish House</span><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, </em>constants about the areas of impact of this theatrical experience on the lives of blind actors and their access to economic, social and cultural rights were found. These constants can be classified in the following categories: economic and labor inclusion, professional development, and cultural capital.</span></p><p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; text-align: justify;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Conclusion</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">. The aesthetic and artistic proposals from a disability perspective contribute and have a positive impact in the lives of those who create or participate in such proposal, as well as in the community to which they belong and, therefore, in their culture. The Latin-American perspective about theatre and disability shows that proposals interested on this topic are wider, producing theatre plays by or for blind people, where the use of blind theater or theatre in darkness techniques is frequent.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 28.8pt; mso-para-margin-bottom: 2.4gd; line-height: 200%;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Key words: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Art; </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-US">Disabled Persons</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;" lang="EN-US">; Social Distance (MeSH).</span></p><