bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amnioinfusion in very early preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (AMIPROM): pregnancy, neonatal and maternal outcomes in a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Roberts D. , Vause S. , Martin W. , Green P. , Walkinshaw S. , Bricker L. , Beardsmore C. , Shaw N. , McKay A. , Skotny G. , Williamson P. , Alfirevic Z. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess short‐ and long‐term outcomes of pregnant women with very early rupture of membranes randomized to serial amnioinfusion or expectant management, and to collect data to inform a larger, more definitive clinical trial.MethodsThis was a prospective non‐blinded randomized controlled trial with randomization stratified for pregnancies in which the membranes ruptured between 16 + 0 and 19 + 6 weeks' gestation and 20 + 0 and 23 + 6 weeks' gestation to minimize the risk of random imbalance in gestational age distribution between randomized groups. Intention‐to‐treat analysis was used. The study was conducted in four UK hospital‐based fetal medicine units (Liverpool Women's NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital Manchester, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust and Wirral University Hospitals Trust). The participants were women with confirmed preterm prelabor rupture of membranes at 16 + 0 to 24 + 0 weeks' gestation. Women with multiple pregnancy, fetal abnormality or obstetric indication for immediate delivery were excluded. Participants were randomly allocated to either serial weekly transabdominal amnioinfusions if the deepest pool of amniotic fluid was < 2 cm or expectant management until 37 weeks' gestation. Short‐term maternal, pregnancy and neonatal and long‐term outcomes for the child were studied. Long‐term respiratory morbidity was assessed using validated respiratory questionnaires at 6, 12 and 18 months of age and infant lung function test at around 12 months of age. Neurodevelopment was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition (BSID‐II) at corrected age of 2 years.ResultsFifty‐eight women were randomized to the study. Two babies were excluded from the analysis because of termination of pregnancy for lethal anomaly, leaving 56 participants (28 assigned to serial amnioinfusion and 28 to expectant management) recruited between 2002 and 2009. There was no significant difference in perinatal mortality (19/28 vs 19/28; relative risk (RR) 1.0 (95% CI, 0.70–1.43)) and maternal or neonatal morbidity. The overall chance of surviving without long‐term respiratory or neurodevelopmental disability was 4/56 (7.1%); 4/28 (14.3%) in the amnioinfusion group and 0/28 in the expectant group (RR 9.0 (95% CI, 0.51–159.70)).ConclusionsThis pilot study found no major differences in maternal, perinatal or pregnancy outcomes. The study was not designed to show a difference between the groups and the number of survivors was too small to draw any conclusions about long‐term outcomes. It does, however, signal that a larger definitive study to evaluate amnioinfusion for improvement in healthy survival is needed. The pilot suggests that, with appropriate funding, such a study is feasible. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Seeking Balance: Decision Support Needs of Women Without Cancer and a Deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation
Authors: Underhill Meghan L. , Crotser Cheryl B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRecommendations for women with a deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation include complex medical approaches related to cancer risk reduction and detection. Current science has not yet fully elucidated decision support needs that women face when living with medical consequences associated with known hereditary cancer risk. The purpose of this study was to describe health communication and decision support needs in healthy women with BRCA1/2 gene mutations. The original researchers completed an interpretive secondary qualitative data analysis of 23 phenomenological narratives collected between 2008 and 2010. The Ottawa Decision Support and Patient Centered Communication frameworks guided the study design and analysis. Women described a pattern wherein breast and ovarian cancer risk, health related recommendations and decisions, and personal values were prioritized over time based on life contexts. Knowing versus acting on cancer risk was not a static process but an ongoing balancing act of considering current and future personal and medical values, further compounded by the complexity of recommendations. Women shared stories of anticipatory, physical and psychosocial consequences of the decision making experience. The findings have potential to generate future research questions and guide intervention development. Importantly, findings indicate a need for ongoing, long‐term, support from genetics professionals and decision support interventions, which challenges the current practice paradigm.
A Class of Distribution-Free Models for Longitudinal Mediation Analysis
Authors: Gunzler D. , Tang W. , Lu N. , Wu P. , Tu X. M. 
Published: November 2013

Mediation analysis constitutes an important part of treatment study to identify the mechanisms by which an intervention achieves its effect. Structural equation model (SEM) is a popular framework for modeling such causal relationship. However, current methods impose various restrictions on the study designs and data distributions, limiting the utility of the information they provide in real study applications. In particular, in longitudinal studies missing data is commonly addressed under the assumption of missing at random (MAR), where current methods are unable to handle such missing data if parametric assumptions are violated.In this paper, we propose a new, robust approach to address the limitations of current SEM within the context of longitudinal mediation analysis by utilizing a class of functional response models (FRM). Being distribution-free, the FRM-based approach does not impose any parametric assumption on data distributions. In addition, by extending the inverse probability weighted (IPW) estimates to the current context, the FRM-based SEM provides valid inference for longitudinal mediation analysis under the two most popular missing data mechanisms; missing completely at random (MCAR) and missing at random (MAR). We illustrate the approach with both real and simulated data.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Triazole Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors and Biocides
Authors: Abd‐Elaal Ali A. , Aiad Ismail , Shaban Samy M. , Tawfik Salah M. , Sayed Atef 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThree compounds namely; 5‐(phenyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol, 3‐(decylthio)‐5‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole and 3‐(benzylthio)‐5‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole) were synthesized. The chemical structure of the prepared compounds was confirmed using FTIR and 1H‐NMR analysis. The compounds were tested as corrosion inhibitors against the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl using weight loss, polarization and electrochemical impedance methods. The results revealed that these compounds have significant inhibiting effects on the corrosion of carbon steel. Polarization studies showed that the compounds act as mixed‐type inhibitors which retard the anodic and the cathodic reactions with a predominant effect towards the cathodic reaction. The prepared compounds were evaluated as antimicrobial agents against sulfate‐reducing bacteria using the serial dilution method, which showed good biocidal action.
The externalizing spectrum in youth: Incorporating personality pathology
Authors: Tackett Jennifer L. , Herzhoff Kathrin , Reardon Kathleen W. , De Clercq Barbara , Sharp Carla 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough personality disorder characteristics are often grouped with externalizing problems in adults, little is known about the extent to which they define the externalizing spectrum in youth. We examined the extent to which personality pathology traits in youth reflected common and specific variance in externalizing problems and explored differentiation of these connections by age. Parents reported on physical aggression, rule‐breaking, relational aggression, and personality pathology traits for 1080 youth (48.8% male) ages 6–18 years. Disagreeableness and emotional instability traits were correlated with a general externalizing factor as well as with specific behavioral subfactors. The magnitude of these correlations varied across age, with the highest magnitude evidenced during the developmental periods of greatest prevalence for the specific externalizing behavior subtype. Taken together, these findings suggest that personality pathology is tightly connected with externalizing problems in youth, especially during developmental periods when externalizing problems are common.
Brief report: Self‐blame and PTSD symptoms in adolescents exposed to terrorism: Is school connectedness a mediator?
Authors: Moscardino Ughetta , Scrimin Sara , Capello Fabia , Altoè Gianmarco 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTPrevious research has shown that self‐blame predicts increased risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in youth exposed to terrorism, but little is known about the factors mediating such relationship. This study aimed to explore whether school connectedness (SC) mediates the effect of self‐blame on PTSD in 60 adolescents (aged 14–18 years) who survived the 2004 terrorist attack against school no. 1 in Beslan, Russia. Participants completed measures of coping, SC, and PTSD three years after the traumatic event. Endorsement of self‐blaming behaviors was found to be significantly positively related to the presence of PTSD; self‐blame was negatively associated with SC, which in turn was negatively related to PTSD. The mediation hypothesis was supported, with SC partially mediating the link between self‐blame and PTSD. Adolescents affected by terrorism may benefit from school‐based interventions aimed at fostering students' sense of belonging and emotional bonding to teachers, peers, and the school environment.
West Pacific-type convergent boundaries and their role in the formation of the Central Asian Fold Belt
Authors: Yarmolyuk V.V. , Kuz’min M.I. , Vorontsov A.A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The type of convergent boundaries forming in the area of mantle plumes is considered. These convergent boundaries (West Pacific type) are characteristic of the western margin of the Pacific. West Pacific-type boundaries are a regular succession of structures from ocean to continent: island arcs, marginal basins, rift basins, and associated OIB-type volcanics at the continental edge. The convergence zones are up to a thousand kilometers wide.
Studies of the history of the part of the Central Asian Fold Belt forming the folded periphery of the Siberian continent have shown that the continent drifted above the African plume or corresponding low-velocity mantle province for most of the Phanerozoic (up to the Early Mesozoic inclusive). This fact determined the West Pacific type of convergent boundaries for the accretionary structures of the Central Asian Fold Belt. The drift of Siberia from African to Pacific province in the Late Cenozoic determined the structure and development of the convergent boundary in the western Pacific, including extensive intraplate magmatism in continental Asia in the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic.
Thermal conductivity of sediments in high-latitude West Siberia
Authors: Duchkov A.D. , Sokolova L.S. , Ayunov D.E. , Zlobina O.N. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The thermal conductivity of rocks (λ) used previously to estimate heat flow in high-latitude Siberia was assumed to be λ = 1.8–2.0 W/(m⋅K), according to published evidence, but was almost never measured specially. We measured the thermal conductivity of core samples from boreholes drilled in the northeastern West Siberian Plate and in the Yenisei–Khatanga basin in the 1990s, using two advanced instruments: a comparator and a scanner of thermal conductivity. Altogether there were 305 samples of air-dry sediments (λd) from the 1100–4200 m interval of 23 holes, out of which 77 samples were then moistened (λw). The average thermal conductivities of rocks in dry and wet conditions were found to be λd = 1.9 ± 0.2 and λw = 2.6 ± 0.1 W/(m⋅K), respectively. Thus, the true thermal conductivity of sediments, which are saturated with water in this northern area, must be about 20–30% higher than that assumed in the previous heat flow determinations, and the latter are thus underestimated correspondingly. The updates to the thermal conductivity values imply major revision to the existing ideas of the thermal regime in the Siberian high latitudes. Such a serious revision of geothermal data will obviously require a large amount of additional experimental work.
The function of Student Pidgin in Ghana
Authors: Rupp Laura 
Published: November 2013

The emergence of Student Pidgin in Ghana is estimated to have started fairly recently: between 1965 and the early 1970s (Huber, 1999; Dako, 2002). Male students in high prestige senior secondary schools and universities have been credited with leading in the development of Student Pidgin. The use of Student Pidgin has since been spreading among some girls and is currently found in an increasing number of contexts, including the home. The fact that students use Student Pidgin seems unexpected, considering the fact that they are competent speakers of Standard English.2 In this context, the question to consider is what underlies this behavior? This has been the subject of recurrent debate. Educational authorities typically feel that Student Pidgin reflects the fact that the standard of English in Ghanaian senior secondary schools and universities has fallen. An example of this comes from a speech given by the Vice Chancellor of the University of Ghana, Professor Kwadwo Asenso-Okyere, on 28 October 2002:
[He] expressed concern about the standard of English among university students and advised them to desist from speaking Pidgin English, which he said would not help them. Speaking at this year's matriculation of 7,959 freshmen out of the 10,301 admitted into the University, Prof Asenso-Okyere said there was evidence of deterioration in English Language among students in their examinations and theses, which some employers had also complained about.
What clinicians can learn from schema change in sport
Authors: James Ian , Goodman Matt , Reichelt F. Katharina 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe term schema is often used to describe core beliefs, both functional and dysfunctional, developed in childhood. We believe that this view is rather mono-dimensional, and that by taking a broader perspective lessons can be learned from other fields. In this paper we examine the various theories of schema with a particular focus on the memory perspective to examine the acquisition of skills in sports. In terms of memory theory, performance of a set of actions (running a race, jumping a hurdle, playing chess) creates neural activity in the body across numerous domains (motor, visual, psychological), and repetition lays down a neural network that can be built upon and altered over time. We believe that the examples discussed in the context of sport can be used to help clinicians reflect on the concept of schema, and thereby re-examine assessment and treatment options.
Hypomethylation signature of tumor-initiating cells predicts poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Liao Yu-Ping , Chen Lin-Yu , Huang Rui-Lan , Su Po-Hsuan , Chan Michael W.Y. , Chang Cheng-Chang , Yu Mu-Hsien , Wang Peng-Hui , Yen Ming-Shyen , Nephew Kenneth P. , Lai Hung-Cheng 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
DNA methylation contributes to tumor formation, development and metastasis. Epigenetic dysregulation of stem cells is thought to predispose to malignant development. The clinical significance of DNA methylation in ovarian tumor-initiating cells (OTICs) remains unexplored. We analyzed the methylomic profiles of OTICs (CP70sps) and their derived progeny using a human methylation array. qRT–PCR, quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) and pyrosequencing were used to verify gene expression and DNA methylation in cancer cell lines. The methylation status of genes was validated quantitatively in cancer tissues and correlated with clinicopathological factors. ATG4A and HIST1H2BN were hypomethylated in OTICs. Methylation analysis of ATG4A and HIST1H2BN by qMSP in 168 tissue samples from patients with ovarian cancer showed that HIST1H2BN methylation was a significant and independent predictor of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients with a low level of HIST1H2BN methylation had poor PFS (hazard ratio (HR), 4.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4–14.8) and OS (HR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.3–14.0). Hypomethylation of both ATG4A and HIST1H2BN predicted a poor PFS (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0–3.6; median, 21 months) and OS (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0–3.0; median, 40 months). In an independent cohort of ovarian tumors, hypomethylation predicted early disease recurrence (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.5) and death (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0–1.9). The demonstration that expression of ATG4A in cells increased their stem properties provided an indication of its biological function. Hypomethylation of ATG4A and HIST1H2BN in OTICs predicts a poor prognosis for ovarian cancer patients.
Structural insight into DNA binding and oligomerization of the multifunctional Cox protein of bacteriophage P2
Authors: Berntsson Ronnie P.-A. , Odegrip Richard , Sehlén Wilhelmina , Skaar Karin , Svensson Linda M. , Massad Tariq , Högbom Martin , Haggård-Ljungquist Elisabeth , Stenmark Pål 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The Cox protein from bacteriophage P2 is a small multifunctional DNA-binding protein. It is involved in site-specific recombination leading to P2 prophage excision and functions as a transcriptional repressor of the P2 Pc promoter. Furthermore, it transcriptionally activates the unrelated, defective prophage P4 that depends on phage P2 late gene products for lytic growth. In this article, we have investigated the structural determinants to understand how P2 Cox performs these different functions. We have solved the structure of P2 Cox to 2.4 Å resolution. Interestingly, P2 Cox crystallized in a continuous oligomeric spiral with its DNA-binding helix and wing positioned outwards. The extended C-terminal part of P2 Cox is largely responsible for the oligomerization in the structure. The spacing between the repeating DNA-binding elements along the helical P2 Cox filament is consistent with DNA binding along the filament. Functional analyses of alanine mutants in P2 Cox argue for the importance of key residues for protein function. We here present the first structure from the Cox protein family and, together with previous biochemical observations, propose that P2 Cox achieves its various functions by specific binding of DNA while wrapping the DNA around its helical oligomer.
Construction of biomimetic smart nanochannels for confined water
Authors: Wen Liping , Jiang Lei 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In this review, we focus on the confined water that exists in one-dimensional micro/nano composite structures, particularly inside biological nanochannels. Using these nanochannels as inspiration, we discuss a strategy for the design and construction of biomimetic smart nanochannels. Unique features of the inner surfaces of a nanochannel's wall have similar properties to living systems. Importantly, the abiotic analogs have potential applications in, for example, sensing, energy conversion and filtering.
Interactions of Genotype and Glutenin Subunit Composition on Breadmaking Quality of Durum 1AS•1AL‐1DL Translocation Lines
Authors: Klindworth Daryl L. , Hareland Gary A. , Elias Elias M. , Ohm Jae‐Bom , Puhr Dehdra , Xu Steven S. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTDual‐purpose durum (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) wheat, having both good pasta and breadmaking quality, would be an advantage in the market. In this study, we evaluated the effects of genotype and varying HMW and LMW glutenin subunit composition on durum breadmaking quality. Genotypes included five near‐isogenic backgrounds that also differed by variability at the Glu‐D1d (HMW subunits 1Dx5+1Dy10), Glu‐B1 (presence or absence of subunit 1By8), and Glu‐B3 (LMWI or LMWII pattern) loci. Quality tests were conducted on genotypes grown at five North Dakota locations. Genotype had a stronger influence on free asparagine content than glutenin subunit composition. Genotypes carrying Glu‐D1d had higher glutenin content than lines that did not carry Glu‐D1d. Among Rugby translocation genotypes, lines carrying LMWI had higher gliadin content and better loaf volume than genotypes carrying LMWII. Absence of 1By8 produced major reductions in loaf volume in nontranslocation lines regardless of whether LMWI or LMWII was present. In contrast, the presence of Glu‐D1d compensated well for the absence of 1By8 regardless of which LMW pattern was present. The durum genotypes did not have loaf volumes equal to bread wheat cultivars, and results suggest that improved extensibility is needed to improve durum breadmaking quality.
Efficient Extra- and Intracellular Alkalinization Improves Cardiovascular Functions in Severe Lactic Acidosis Induced by Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Kimmoun Antoine , Ducrocq Nicolas , Sennoun Nacira , Issa Khodr , Strub Charlène , Escanyé Jean-Marie , Leclerc Sébastien , Levy Bruno 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background:
Lactic acidosis is associated with cardiovascular failure. Buffering with sodium bicarbonate is proposed in severe lactic acidosis. Bicarbonate induces carbon dioxide generation and hypocalcemia, both cardiovascular depressant factors. The authors thus investigated the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of an adapted sodium bicarbonate therapy, including prevention of carbon dioxide increase with hyperventilation and ionized calcium decrease with calcium administration.

Methods:
Lactic acidosis was induced by hemorrhagic shock. Twenty animals were randomized into five groups: (1) standard resuscitation with blood retransfusion and norepinephrine (2) adapted sodium bicarbonate therapy (3) nonadapted sodium bicarbonate therapy (4) standard resuscitation plus calcium administration (5) hyperventilation. Evaluation was focused in vivo on extracellular pH, on intracellular pH estimated by P31 nuclear magnetic resonance and on myocardial contractility by conductance catheter. Aortic rings and mesenteric arteries were isolated and mounted in a myograph, after which arterial contractility was measured.

Results:
All animals in the hyperventilation group died prematurely and were not included in the statistical analysis. When compared with sham rats, shock induced extracellular (median, 7.13; interquartile range, [0.10] vs. 7.30 [0.01]; P = 0.0007) and intracellular acidosis (7.26 [0.18] vs. 7.05 [0.13]; P = 0.0001), hyperlactatemia (7.30 [0.01] vs. 7.13 [0.10]; P = 0.0008), depressed myocardial elastance (2.87 [1.31] vs. 0.5 [0.53] mmHg/μl; P = 0.0001), and vascular hyporesponsiveness to vasoconstrictors. Compared with nonadapted therapy, adapted bicarbonate therapy normalized extracellular pH (7.03 [0.12] vs. 7.36 [0.04]; P < 0.05), increased intracellular pH to supraphysiological values, improved myocardial elastance (1.68 [0.41] vs. 0.72 [0.44] mmHg/μl; P < 0.05), and improved aortic and mesenteric vasoreactivity.

Conclusions:
A therapeutic strategy based on alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate along with hyperventilation and calcium administration increases pH and improves cardiovascular function.