bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of the Corrosion Resistance of the Al-Si Alloys Antimony Alloyed
Authors: Svobodova J. , Cais J. , Weiss V. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This paper deals with the evaluation of the corrosion resistance of the Al-Si alloys alloyed with the different amount of antimony. Specifically it goes about the alloy AlSi7Mg0,3 which is antimony alloyed in the concentrations 0; 0,001; 0,005; 0,01 a 0,05 wt. % of antimony. The introduction of the paper is dedicated to the theory of the aluminium alloys corrosion resistance, testing and evaluation of the corrosion resistance. The influence of the antimony to the Al-Si alloys properties is described further in the introduction. The experimental part describes the experimental samples which were prepared for the experiment and further they were exposed to the loading in the atmospheric conditions for a period of the 3 months. The experimental samples were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. The results of the experiment were documented and the conclusions in terms of the antimony impact to the corrosion resistance of the Al-Si alloy were concluded. There was compared the corrosion resistance of the Al-Si alloy antimony alloyed (with the different antimony content) with the results of the Al-Si alloy without the alloying after the corrosion load in the atmospheric conditions in the experiment.
Correlations Between Arrangement of Reinforcing Particles and Mechanical Properties in Pressure Die Cast AlSi11-SiC Composites
Authors: Konopka Z. , Pasieka A. , Łągiewka M. , Nadolski M. , Zyska A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The work presents the investigation results concerning the structure of composite pressure die castings with AlSi11 alloy matrix reinforced with SiC particles. Examination has been held for composites containing 10 and 20 volume percent of SiC particles. The arrangement of the reinforcing particles within the matrix has been qualitatively assessed in specimens cut out of the castings. The index of distribution was determined on the basis of particle count in elementary measuring fields. The tensile strength, the yield point and elongation of the obtained composite were measured. Composite castings were produced at various values of the piston velocity in the second stage of injection, diverse intensification pressure values, and various injection gate width values. The regression equation describing the change of the considered arrangement particles index and mechanical properties were found as a function of the pressure die casting parameters. The infuence of particle arrangement in composite matrix on mechanical properties these material was examined and the functions of correlations between values were obtained. The conclusion gives the analysis and the interpretation of the obtained results.
Formation of Structure and Properties in Casting Processes on the Example of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Augustyn B. , Szymanek M. , Kapinos D. , Boczkal S. , Korczak P. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Contemporary materials engineering requires the use of materials characterised by high mechanical properties, as these precisely properties determine the choice of material for parts of machinery and equipment. Owing to these properties it is possible to reduce the weight and, consequently, the consumption of both material and energy. Trying to meet these expectations, the designers are increasingly looking for solutions in the application of magnesium alloys as materials offering a very beneficial strength-to-weight ratio. However, besides alloying elements, the properties are to a great extent shaped by the solidification conditions and related structure. The process of structure formation depends on the choice of casting method forced by the specific properties of casting or by the specific intended use of final product. The article presents a comparison of AZ91 magnesium alloys processed by different casting technologies. A short characteristic was offered for materials processed by the traditional semi-continuous casting process, which uses the solidification rates comprised in a range of 5 - 20°C/s, and for materials made in the process of Rapid Solidification, where the solidification rate can reach 106 °C/s. As a result of the casting process, a feedstock in the form of billets and thin strips was obtained and was subjected next to the process of plastic forming. The article presents the results of structural analysis of the final product. The mechanical properties of the ø7 mm extruded rods were also evaluated and compared.
The Assessment of Modification of High-Zinc Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Zyska A. , Konopka Z. , Łągiewka M. , Nadolski M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The results of examinations of the influence of titanium-boron inoculant on the solidification, the microstructure, and the mechanical properties of AlZn20 alloy are presented. The examinations were carried out for specimens cast both of the non-modified and the inoculated alloy. There were assessed changes in the alloy overcooling during the first stage of solidification due to the nuclei-forming influence of the inoculant. The results of quantitative metallographic measurements concerning the refinement of the grain structure of casting produced in sand moulds are presented. The cooling rate sensitivity of the alloy was proved by revealing changes in morphology of the α-phase primary crystals. Differences in mechanical properties resulting from the applied casting method and optional inoculation were evaluated.
Effect of Microstructure on Mechanical Properties of BA1055 Bronze Castings
Authors: Łabanowski J. , Olkowski T. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The article presents research results performed on aluminum bronze CuAl10Fe5Ni5 (BA1055) castings used for marine propellers. Metallographic studies were made on light microscope and a scanning electron microscope to assess quantitatively and qualitatively the alloy microstructure. It has been shown that the shape, size and distribution of the iron-rich к−phase precipitates in bronze microstructure significantly affect its mechanical properties. With an increase in the number of small к−phase precipitates increases the tensile strength of castings, while the presence of large globular precipitates improves ductility. Fragmentation and shape of κ−phase precipitates depends on many factors, particularly on the chemical composition of the alloy, Fe/Ni ratio, cooling rate and casting technology.
Physical Properties of Copper Based MMC Strengthened with Alumina
Authors: Kaczmar J. W. , Granat K. , Kurzawa A. , Grodzka E. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The aim of this work is the development of Cu-Al2O3 composites of copper Cu-ETP matrix composite materials reinforced by 20 and 30 vol.% Al2O3 particles and study of some chosen physical properties. Squeeze casting technique of porous compacts with liquid copper was applied at the pressure of 110 MPa. Introduction of alumina particles into copper matrix affected on the significant increase of hardness and in the case of Cu-30 vol. % of alumina particles to 128 HBW. Electrical resistivity was strongly affected by the ceramic alumina particles and addition of 20 vol. % of particles caused diminishing of electrical conductivity to 20 S/m (34.5% IACS). Thermal conductivity tests were performed applying two methods and it was ascertained that this parameter strongly depends on the ceramic particles content, diminishing it to 100 Wm-1K-1 for the composite material containing 30 vol.% of ceramic particles comparing to 400 Wm-1K-1 for the unreinforced copper. Microstructural analysis was carried out using SEM microscopy and indicates that Al2O3 particles are homogeneously distributed in the copper matrix. EDS analysis shows remains of silicon on the surface of ceramic particles after binding agent used during preparation of ceramic preforms.
Properties and Structure of High-Silicone Austempered Ductile Iron
Authors: Krzyńska A. , Kochański A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The results presented in this paper are a continuation of the previously published studies. The results of hest treatment of ductile iron with content 3,66%Si and 3,80% Si were produced. The experimental castings were subjected to austempering process for time 30, 60 and 90 minutes at temperature 300°C. The mechanical properties of heat treated specimens were studied using tensile testing and hardness measurement, while microstructures were evaluated with conventional metallographic observations. It was again stated that austempering of high silicone ferritic matrix ductile iron allowed producing ADI-type cast iron with mechanical properties comparable with standard ADI.
The Effect of Aluminium on Graphitization of Cast Iron Treated with Cerium Mixture
Authors: Soiński M. S. , Jakubus A. , Kordas P. , Skurka K. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The work determined the influence of aluminium in the amount from about 0.6% to about 8% on graphitization of cast iron with relatively high silicon content (3.4%-3.9%) and low manganese content (about 0.1%). The cast iron was spheroidized with cerium mixture and graphitized with ferrosilicon. It was found that the degree of graphitization increases with an increase in aluminium content in cast iron up to 2.8%, then decreases. Nodular and vermicular graphite precipitates were found after the applied treatment in cast iron containing aluminium in the amount from about 1.9% to about 8%. The Fe3AlCx carbides, increasing brittleness and deteriorating the machinability of cast iron, were not found in cast iron containing up to about 6.8% Al. These carbides were revealed only in cast iron containing about 8% Al.
Effect of Electrical Properties of Materials on Effectiveness of Heating Their Systems in Microwave Field
Authors: Stachowicz M. , Opyd B. , Granat K. , Markuszewska K. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In the paper presented are results of a research on influence of electrical and physico-chemical properties of materials being parts of multicomponent and multimaterial systems used in foundry practice on efficiency and effectiveness of microwave heating. Effectiveness of the process was evaluated on the grounds of analysis of interaction between selected parameters of permittivity and loss factor, as well as collective index of energy absorbed, reflected and transmitted by these materials. In the examinations used was a stand of waveguide resonance cavity for determining electrical properties and a stand of microwave slot line for determining balance of microwave power emitted into selected materials. The examinations have brought closer the possibility of forecasting the behaviour of multimaterial systems like e.g. model, moulding sand or moulding box in microwave field on the grounds of various electrical and physico-chemical properties. On the grounds of analysis of the results, possible was selecting a group of materials designed for building foundry instrumentation to be effectively used in electromagnetic field.
Using of the Reverse Engineering Method for the Production of Prototype Molds by Patternless Process Technology
Authors: Krivoš E. , Pastirčák R. , Lehocký P. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The present article deals with the possibility of using the reverse engineering method for the production of prototype molds by Patternless process technology. Article describes method how to obtain virtual model by using a 3D scanner. Article also explains principle of the Patternless process technology, which is based on the milling mold cavity using CNC machining equipment. The aim of the research is the use of advanced technologies that speed up and facilitate the process of production prototype mold. The practical result of the presented experiment is bronze casting, which serves as a foot rest bracket on historic bike.
A reassessment of the Pennsylvanian lycophyte cone Triplosporite Brown
Authors: Thomas Barry A. , Bek Jiří 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The type collection of the lycopsid cone species Triplosporite brownii Unger was re-examined to assess its in situ spores. The cones are monosporangiate with only microspores that possess both cingulum and zona. They equate to the dispersed miospore genus Lycospora and would be identified as Lycospora cf. pseudoannulata. Therefore, the genus Triplosporite Brown is shown to be a junior synonym to Lepidostrobus and a species emendation is given. A comparison is given with the other Lepidostrobus cones which yielded similar in situ microspores of the Lycospora pellucida Group.
Dobrogeria aegyssensis, a new early Spathian (Early Triassic) coelacanth from North Dobrogea (Romania)
Authors: Cavin Lionel , Grădinaru Eugen 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The Early Triassic witnessed the highest taxic diversity of coelacanths (or Actinistia), a clade with a single living genus today. This peak of diversity is accentuated here with the description of a new coelacanth discovered in the lower Spathian (Upper Olenekian, Lower Triassic) cropping out in the Tulcea Veche (Old Tulcea) promontory, in the city of Tulcea, in North Dobrogea, Romania. The bone remains were preserved in a block of limestone, which was chemically dissolved. The resulting 3D and matrix-free ossifications correspond mostly to elements of the skull and branchial apparatus. Posterior parietals, postparietal with associated prootic and basisphenoid allow a precise description of the neurocranium. Ossifications of the lower jaw, together with branchial and pectoral elements, complete the description of this coelacanth and support the coining of a new generic and specific name, Dobrogeria aegyssensis. A phylogenetic analysis of actinistians with the new species recovers clades which were found in most recent analyses, i.e. the Sasseniidae, the Laugiidae, the Coelacanthiformes, the Latimerioidei, the Mawsoniidae and the Latimeriidae, and identifies the new taxon as a non-latimerioid coelacanthiform.
An early Middle Anisian (Middle Triassic) Tubiphytes and cement crusts-dominated reef from North Dobrogea (Romania): facies, depositional environment and diagenesis
Authors: Popa Livia , Panaiotu Cristina E. , Grădinaru Eugen 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A well-developed Triassic carbonate platform is exposed in the eastern part of the Tulcea Unit, in the Cimmerian North Dobrogean Orogen, southeastern Romania. Facies analysis of the 200 m thick succession of lower Middle Anisian limestones exposed in a large limestone quarry south of the village of Mahmudia suggests a transition from upper slope towards toe-of-slope carbonate facies, reflecting sea-level fluctuations and tectonic tilting. The slope is dominated by in situ microbialites in the upper portion, consisting of reefal boundstone facies, and by molluscan coquina and cement boundstones. A key role is played by the cosmopolitan micro-encruster Tubiphytes, which became common in the aftermath of the mass extinction at the Permian/Triassic boundary, and by autochthonous micrite and synsedimentary marine cement. The absence of metazoan reef builders, such as sponges and corals, reflects the fact that microbes were the first organisms to recover after the Permian/Triassic crisis under unusual marine conditions and that their main role in reef formation was sediment stabilization along the upper slopes. The lower slope is mostly detrital, being dominated by platform-derived bioclastic rudstones and crinoidal floatstones, which are interbedded with basinal carbonate hemipelagics. The toe-of-slope is composed of pelagic wackestones framed by thin tongues of intraclast breccia. All these observations are in agreement with the slopeshedding model described for the Pennsylvanian microbial margin in Asturias (northern Spain) and the Anisian- Ladinian flat-topped, steep-rimmed Latemar platform (Dolomites, Italy).
As most of the Anisian reefs were described from western and eastern Tethys (Southern Alps, Hungary, China), the occurrence of the early Middle Anisian Tubiphytes-reef from North Dobrogea (Romania) contributes to resolving the puzzle of the geographic distribution of reef recovery in the Middle Triassic.
Verification of Brittle Fracture Criteria for Bimaterial Structures
Authors: Mieczkowski Grzegorz , Molski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The increasing application of composite materials in the construction of machines causes strong need for modelling and evaluating their strength. There are many well known hypotheses used for homogeneous materials subjected to monotone and cyclic loading conditions, which have been verified experimentally by various authors. These hypotheses should be verified also for composite materials. This paper provides experimental and theoretical results of such verifications for bimaterial structures with interfacial cracks. Three well known fracture hypotheses of: Griffith, McClintock and Novozhilov were chosen. The theoretical critical load values arising from each hypotheses were compared with the experimental data including uni and multi-axial loading conditions. All tests were carried out with using specially prepared specimens of steel and PMMA.
The Effect of Aluminum Content on the Microstructure and Cavitation Wear of Feal Intermetallic Alloys
Authors: Jasionowski Robert , Zasada Dariusz , Polkowski Wojciech 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Intermetallic-based alloys (so called intermetallics) of the Fe-Al binary system are modern construction materials, which in recent decades have found application in many branches of the power, chemical and automotive industries. High resistance of FeAl based alloys to cavitational erosion results first of all from their high hardness in the as-cast state, large compressive stresses in the material, as well as homogeneous structure. In the present paper, the effect of aluminum content on the microstructure, texture and strain implemented upon cavitation wear of FeAl intermetallic alloys, have been analyzed by field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. Obtained results of structural characterization indicates that with increasing aluminium content effects of orientation randomization (weakening of <100>//ND casting texture), grain refinement and rising of mechanical strenght (and so cavitational resistance) take place.
Intra-operator Reliability of a 2D Image Analysing Method for Tooth Dimension Measurements
Authors: Kerekes-Máthé Bernadette , Mártha Krisztina , Melinda Székely 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra-operator reliability of a 2D image analysis method for tooth dimension measurements.
Methods: Occlusal and vestibular surfaces of teeth from ten study models were captured with a digital camera. Images were transferred on a computer and different tooth dimensions (mesio-distal, occluso-gingival, vestibulo-oral and perimeter) were measured using the Image Pro Insight software. Measurements were repeated after two weeks. Fleiss' coefficients of reliability were calculated.
Results: A high degree of reliability has been established for every type of measurement: all coefficient values of reliability being not less than 0.95.
Conclusions: The 2D image analyzing system is an adequate alternative for measuring tooth dimensions. All measurements were in the excellent category of reliability. The method allows precise and repeatable measurements, generating an image database as well, available for future studies.
Lichens from Iceland in the Collection of Svanhildur Svane
Authors: Kristinsson Hörður , Heiðmarsson Starri , Hansen Eric Steen 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Kristinsson H., Heiðmarsson S., Hansen E. S., 2014: Lichens from Iceland in the collection of Svanhildur Svane [Islandijos kerpės Svanhildur Svane kolekcijoje]. - Bot. Lith., 20(1): 14-18.
Survey was made of the lichens collected by Svanhildur Svane in different parts of Iceland from 1949 to 1997 and deposited at the Botanical Museum of the University of Copenhagen (C). As a result, 11 species, Agonimia tristicula, Aspicilia mashiginensis, Fuscidea tenebrica, Gyalecta flotowii, Lecania baeomma, Lithographa tesserata, Pyrenopsis grumulifera, Rimularia fuscosora, Steinia geophana, Thelignya lignyota and Umbilicaria nylanderiana, were recorded as new to Iceland, and 6 species were new to certain regions in Iceland as defined in the Nordic Lichen Flora
Interrelationships Among some Morphological Traits of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Cultivars using Biplot
Authors: Sabaghnia Naser , Janmohammadi Mohsen 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Sabaghnia N., Janmohammadi M., 2014: Interrelationships among some morphological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars using biplot [Kviečių (Triticum aestivum L.) veislių morfologinių požymių sąveika naudojant biplot metodą]. - Bot. Lith., 20(1): 19-26.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major food crops worldwide and Iran produces about 14 million tons of wheat annually. Effective interpretation of the data on breeding programmes is important at all stages of plant improvement. The cultivar by trait (CT) biplot was used for two-way wheat dataset as cultivars with multiple traits. For this propose, 13 wheat cultivars with specific characteristics were tested and the CT biplot for wheat dataset explained 65% of the total variation of the standardized data. The polygon view of CT presented for 18 different traits of wheat cultivars showed six vertex cultivars as G3, G4, G5, G9, G11 and G12. The cultivar G4 had the highest values for most of the measured traits. Generally based on vector view, ideal cultivar and ideal tester biplots, it was demonstrated that the selection of high grain yield will be performed via thousand seed weight, spike length and grain diameter. These traits should be considered simultaneously as effective selection criteria evolving high yielding wheat cultivars because of their large contribution to grain yield. The cultivars G3 and G4 could be considered for the developing of desirable progenies in the selection strategy of wheat improvement programmes
Vaccinium Macrocarpon – A new Alien Plant Species in Lithuania
Authors: Gudžinskas Zigmantas , Petrulaitis Lukas , Arlikevičiūtė Lina 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Gudžinskas Z., Petrulaitis L., Arlikevičiūtė L., 2014: Vaccinium macrocarpon - a new alien plant species in Lithuania [Stambiauogė spanguolė (Vaccinium macrocarpon) - nauja svetimžemė rūšis Lietuvoje]. - Bot. Lith., 20(1): 41-45.
Extensive colonies of V. macrocarpon Aiton were found in 2013 during the investigations of the flora of Rėkyva wetland complex (Šiauliai district) in a cutover and abandoned Piktmiškis peatbog situated in the environs of Rėkyva village. This species was widely distributed on about 31 ha area and solitary individuals or small patches were recorded in various distance from the dense population in bog woodlands. It is supposed that seeds of this species were dispersed by birds. V. macrocarpon should be treated as a naturalized species in Lithuania. Recommendation to use V. macrocarpon for re-cultivation of cutover peatbogs should be considered with caution in order to avoid its probable invasions in natural, disturbed and degraded bog habitats. Notes on cranberry nomenclature and taxonomy are also provided
Batrachium (Ranunculaceae) in the Rivers of Lithuania
Authors: Butkuvienė Jurgita , Sinkevičienė Zofija , Žvingila Donatas 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Butkuvienė J., Sinkevičienė Z., Žvingila D., 2014: Batrachium (Ranunculaceae) in the rivers of Lithuania [Batrachium (Ranunculaceae) Lietuvos upėse]. - Bot. Lith., 20(1): 46-56.
Batrachium (DC.) S.F.Gray is one of the most complicated taxonomic groups of aquatic plants. Identification to species level often is very difficult because of simplified morphology and variable taxonomic interpretation of the group. This paper reports the results of the revision of herbarium specimens of Batrachium from flowing waters. The occurrence and distribution of Batrachium fluitans and Batrachium pseudofluitans in the rivers of Lithuania are presented as well as morphological characters important for the separation of these taxa are discussed