bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Dosing and Patient Factors on the Efficacy of Warfarin Following Total Joint Replacement
Authors: Murphy Ryan , Stehli Annamarie , Nguyen Hiep , Leu Szu-Yun , Nguyen Danh V , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of patients discharged with a subtherapeutic INR <1.8 using our institutions inpatient warfarin dosing nomogram following total joint arthroplasty (TJA). We examined predisposing risk factors for a subtherapeutic discharge (INR <1.8), including increased body weight, age, gender, end stage renal disease (ESRD), smoking, and peri-operative transfusion.Chart review identified 249 patients for study inclusion. Logistic regression (LR) was used to identify associated risk factors for a subtherapeutic INR (<1.8) on day of discharge.The majority of patients (58.6%, 146 of 249) following TJA surgery were found to have a subtherapeutic INR level (INR<1.8) at discharge (mean length of stay 2.6 days). Multivariate LR analysis found that weight greater than 180 lbs. (OR 2.08, CI 1.09, 3.98, P=0.027) was found to increase the odds of a subtherapeutic INR on day of discharge. Our results were not significant for weight 20% beyond ideal body weight, age (>65y), gender, peri-operative transfusion, smoking, ESRD or autoimmune disease.A patient’s body weight influences response to warfarin following TJA. An inpatient warfarin dosing nomogram that takes into account a patient’s weight should be used to reduce the risk of subtherapeutic INR levels in obese TJA patients.
Pharmacology of riluzole in acute spinal cord injury
Authors: Chow Diana S. L. , Teng Yang , Toups Elizabeth G. , Aarabi Bizhan , Harrop James S. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Johnson Michele M. , Boakye Maxwell , Frankowski Ralph F. , Fehlings Michael G. , Grossman Robert G. 
Published: May 2015

Object
The aim of this paper was to characterize individual and population pharmacokinetics of enterally administered riluzole in a Phase 1 clinical trial of riluzole as a neuroprotective agent in adults 18–70 years old with acute spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods
Thirty-five individuals with acute SCI, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale Grades A–C, neurological levels from C-4 to T-12, who were enrolled in the Phase 1 clinical trial sponsored by the North American Clinical Trials Network for Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury, received 50 mg riluzole twice daily for 28 doses. The first dose was administered at a mean of 8.7 ± 2.2 hours postinjury. Trough plasma samples were collected within 1 hour predose, and peak plasma samples were collected 2 hours postdose on Days 3 and 14 of treatment. Riluzole concentrations were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The data were analyzed for individual and population pharmacokinetics using basic structural and covariate models. The pharmacokinetic measures studied were the peak concentration (Cmax), trough concentration (Cmin), systemic exposure (AUC0–12), clearance (CL/F), and volume of distribution (V_F) normalized by the bioavailability (F).

Results
The Cmax and AUC0–12 achieved in SCI patients were lower than those in ALS patients on the same dose basis, due to a higher CL and larger V. The pharmacokinetics of riluzole (Cmax, Cmin, AUC0–12, CL, and V) changed during the acute and subacute phases of SCI during the 14 days of therapy. It was consistently observed in patients at all clinical sites that Cmax, Cmin, and AUC0–12 (128.9 ng/ml, 45.6 ng/ml, and 982.0 ng × hr/ml, respectively) were significantly higher on Day 3 than on Day 14 (76.5 ng/ml, 19.1 ng/ml, and 521.0 ng × hr/ml, respectively). These changes resulted from lower CL (49.5 vs 106.2 L/hour) and smaller V (557.1 vs 1297.9/L) on Day 3. No fluid imbalance or cytochrome P 1A2 induction due to concomitant medications was identified during the treatment course to account for such increases in V and CL, respectively. Possible mechanisms underlying these changes are discussed.

Conclusions
This is the first report of clinical pharmacokinetics of riluzole in patients with SCI. The Cmax and AUC0–12 achieved in SCI patients were lower than those in ALS patients on the same dose basis, due to a higher clearance and larger volume of distribution in SCI patients. The finding in SCI patients of an increase in the clearance and distribution of riluzole between the 3rd and 14th days after SCI, with a lower plasma concentration of riluzole on the 14th day, stresses the importance of monitoring changes in drug metabolism after SCI in interpreting the safety and efficacy of therapeutic drugs that are used in clinical trials in SCI. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00876889.
A systematic review of spinal fMRI research: outlining the elements of experimental design
Authors: Cadotte David W. , Stroman Patrick W. , Mikulis David , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: May 2015

Object
Since the first published report of spinal functional MRI (fMRI) in humans in 1996, this body of literature has grown substantially. In the present article, the authors systematically review all spinal fMRI studies conducted in healthy individuals with a focus on the different motor and sensory paradigms used and the results acquired.

Methods
The authors conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE for literature published from 1990 through November 2011 reporting on stimulation paradigms used to assess spinal fMRI scans in healthy individuals.

Results
They identified 19 peer-reviewed studies from 1996 to the present in which a combination of different spinal fMRI methods were used to investigate the spinal cord in healthy individuals. Eight of the studies used a motor stimulation paradigm, 10 used a sensory stimulation paradigm, and 1 compared motor and sensory stimulation paradigms.

Conclusions
Despite differences in the results of various studies, even when similar stimulation paradigms were used, this body of literature underscores that spinal fMRI signals can be obtained from the human spinal cord. The authors intend this review to serve as an introduction to spinal fMRI research and what it may offer the field of spinal cord injury research.
Development of the Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility and Prehension (GRASSP): reviewing measurement specific to the upper limb in tetraplegia
Authors: Kalsi-Ryan Sukhvinder , Curt Armin , Verrier Mary C. , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: May 2015

Object
Primary outcome measures for the upper limb in trials concerning human spinal cord injury (SCI) need to distinguish between functional and neurological changes and require satisfying psychometric properties for clinical application.

Methods
The Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility and Prehension (GRASSP) was developed by the International GRASSP Research and Design Team as a clinical outcome measure specific to the upper limbs for individuals with complete and incomplete tetraplegia (that is, paralysis or paresis). It can be administered across the continuum of recovery after acute cervical SCI. An international multicenter study (involving centers in North America and Europe) was conducted to apply the measure internationally and examine its applicability.

Results
The GRASSP is a multimodal test comprising 5 subtests for each upper limb: dorsal sensation, palmar sensation (tested with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments), strength (tested with motor grading of 10 muscles), and prehension (distinguishes scores for qualitative and quantitative grasping). Thus, administration of the GRASSP results in 5 numerical scores that provide a comprehensive profile of upper-limb function. The established interrater and test-retest reliability for all subtests within the GRASSP range from 0.84 to 0.96 and from 0.86 to 0.98, respectively. The GRASSP is approximately 50% more sensitive (construct validity) than the International Standards of Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI) in defining sensory and motor integrity of the upper limb. The subtests show concurrence with the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM), SCIM self-care subscales, and Capabilities of Upper Extremity Questionnaire (CUE) (the strongest concurrence to impairment is with self-perception of function [CUE], 0.57–0.83, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The GRASSP was found to demonstrate reliability, construct validity, and concurrent validity for use as a standardized upper-limb impairment measure for individuals with complete or incomplete tetraplegia. Responsiveness (follow-up from onset to 1 year postinjury) is currently being tested in international studies (in North America and Europe). The GRASSP can be administered early after injury, thus making it a tool that can be administered in acute care (in the ICU), rehabilitation, and outpatient clinics.
Surgical correction of a spinal arteriovenous fistula with an unusual presentation
Authors: Cohen-Gadol Aaron 
Published: May 2015

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is an acquired abnormal arterial-to-venous connection within the spinal dura with a wide range of clinical presentations and natural history. Spinal dAVF occurs when a radicular artery makes a direct anomalous shunt with a radicular vein within the dura of the nerve root sleeve. Cervical dAVF is a rare entity as the majority of spinal dAVFs present within the thoracolumbar segment with myelopathy. Only a small number of cervical lesions have been described, and only one presented with brainstem dysfunction.
Herein we present one patient with brainstem dysfunction secondary to a spinal dAVF. The fistula was located within the C-3 nerve root sleeve. The details of microsurgical techniques to disconnect the fistula will be discussed. Although the option of endovascular disconnection of the fistula is reasonable, the author elected to proceed with microsurgical disconnection after discussion regarding the risks of such an endovascular route for the cervical spinal cord.
The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/t8rUnZ8qVfY.
Mini-open removal of intradural spinal tumor
Authors: Cheng Jason S. , Upadhyaya Cheerag , Wu Jau-Ching , Tu Tsung-Hsi , Mummaneni Praveen V. 
Published: May 2015

Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approaches have gained popularity in many surgical fields. Potential advantages to a minimally invasive, spinal intradural approach include decreased operative blood loss, shorter hospitalization, and less post-operative pain. Potential disadvantages include longer operative times, decreased exposure, and difficulty closing the dura. Prior case series from our group and others have demonstrated successful tumor resections using MIS techniques without increased complications. In this 3D video, we demonstrate the key steps in our mini-open, transpinous approach for the resection of an intradural, extramedullary lumbar schwannoma. This operation is performed through a midline incision confined to one or two levels. The spinous process is removed. The paraspinal muscles are spread using a series of sequentially larger tubular dilators, and the first dilator is placed in the space previously occupied by the target level spinous process. The expandable tube retractor is then placed over the largest dilator and docked into place over the target laminae. The expandable tubular retractor is 6 centimeters in depth and 2.5 centimeters in width before expansion and is adjustable to 9 centimeters in depth and 4–5 centimeters in diameter which allows removal of intradural lesions confined to one or two spinal segments.
The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/l_C4VruKYng.
A far-lateral approach for removal of a C1–2 extradural neurofibroma
Authors: Robertson Jon H. , Sorenson Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2015

A young man with type 1 neurofibromatosis presented with progressive myelopathy. Imaging revealed an anterolateral mass within the spinal canal at C1–2, with severe compression of the spinal cord. A far-lateral approach was used to remove the mass, which proved to be an extradural neurofibroma. This narrated stereoscopic video details the important steps of the operation.
The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/td4MjLtiMbk.
Modified one-piece extended transbasal approach for resection of giant anterior skull base sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma
Authors: Liu James K. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: May 2015

The transbasal approach is considered the workhorse for removing a variety of benign and malignant tumors of the anterior skull base. In some instances, removal of the supraorbital bar in addition to a standard bifrontal craniotomy (extended transbasal approach) allows for additional basal exposure, thereby minimizing brain retraction. In this operative video atlas report, the authors describe and demonstrate a modified one-piece extended transbasal craniotomy that incorporates the anterior wall of the frontal sinus. The inferior margin of the osteotomy is made as low as possible through the anterior wall of the frontal sinus, starting at the nasofrontal suture and extending laterally over both orbital rims by following the contour of the anterior skull base in the coronal orientation. This modification provides an excellent line of sight to the anterior skull base without any obstruction from bone overhang, which obviates the need for any supraorbital rim removal. Removal of a giant anterior skull base sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma via the modified one-piece extended transbasal approach is demonstrated in this operative video atlas. The authors describe and illustrate the operative nuances and surgical pearls to safely and efficiently perform the approach, tumor resection, and multilayered reconstruction of the cranial base defect.
The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/x1lTtfqKIV0.
Underrepresented Students’ Perspectives on Institutional Climate During the Application and Admission Process to Nursing School
Authors: Woods-Giscombe Cheryl L. , Rowsey Pamela Johnson , Kneipp Shawn M. , Owens Clint W. , Sheffield Karen M. , Galbraith Kayoll V. , Hammad Sama , Fowler Tamryn , Hodges Eric A. , Kowlowitz Vicky , Alexander G. Rumay 
Published: May 2015

Background:
A growing body of literature has focused on issues related to recruitment and retention to enhance diversity in nursing. This study was designed to identify barriers and supports encountered by underrepresented students when applying to nursing school.

Method:
Twenty-two underrepresented baccalaureate nursing students participated in two focus groups. Applied thematic analysis was used to organize the data and identify major themes.

Results:
Students expressed the importance of having (a) navigators in the offices of admissions and student affairs to provide encouragement, support, and information during the application process; (b) tailored programming for underrepresented students; (c) financial aid guidance; (d) timely feedback about admissions decisions; (e) a clear and easily navigated Web site; and (f) negotiation and acculturation to know the right things to do and say during the application and admissions process.

Conclusion:

Findings provide direction for developing programming and collaborations to enhance the institutional climate for underrepresented nursing applicants. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(5):261–269.]
Interactive Cohort Identification of Sleep Disorder Patients Using Natural Language Processing and i2b2
Authors: Chen W. , Kowatch R. , Lin S. , Splaingard M. , Huang Y. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryNationwide Children’s Hospital established an i2b2 (Informatics for Integrating Biology & the Bedside) application for sleep disorder cohort identification. Discrete data were gleaned from semi-structured sleep study reports. The system showed to work more efficiently than the traditional manual chart review method, and it also enabled searching capabilities that were previously not possible.Objective: We report on the development and implementation of the sleep disorder i2b2 cohort identification system using natural language processing of semi-structured documents.Methods: We developed a natural language processing approach to automatically parse concepts and their values from semi-structured sleep study documents. Two parsers were developed: a regular expression parser for extracting numeric concepts and a NLP based tree parser for extracting textual concepts. Concepts were further organized into i2b2 ontologies based on document structures and in-domain knowledge.Results: 26,550 concepts were extracted with 99% being textual concepts. 1.01 million facts were extracted from sleep study documents such as demographic information, sleep study lab results, medications, procedures, diagnoses, among others. The average accuracy of terminology parsing was over 83% when comparing against those by experts. The system is capable of capturing both standard and non-standard terminologies. The time for cohort identification has been reduced significantly from a few weeks to a few seconds.Conclusion: Natural language processing was shown to be powerful for quickly converting large amount of semi-structured or unstructured clinical data into discrete concepts, which in combination of intuitive domain specific ontologies, allows fast and effective interactive cohort identification through the i2b2 platform for research and clinical use.Citation: Chen W, Kowatch R, Lin S, Splaingard M, Huang Y. Interactive cohort identification of sleep disorder patients using natural language processing and i2b2. Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 345–363http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-11-RA-0106
Kulenikka-Prefaced Utterances (KPUs) in Other-Initiated Other-Repair (OIOR)
Authors: Park Seul Ki 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
The paper demonstrates a new function of kulenikka-prefaced utterances (kpus): where the discourse marker kulenikka is used as an other-repair initiator and kpus provide other-initiated other-repairs (oior). Close analysis of the data shows that when speakers used kpus for oior, they treated the immediately previous turn of the other speaker as problematic; hence, as a trouble source. The kpus used in oior have three distinct features: (1) they add adversative information to the previous utterances, while their speakers expect that all of the participants have common opposing stances toward the trouble source; (2) they are followed by sequence closings and topic shifts; and (3) they are pronounced clearly without phonological reduction.
Same Music, Same Genre. Same Stance and Same Purpose?: A Cross-Linguistic Genre Analysis of Music Criticism in Korea and Britain
Authors: Huh Sung 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a cross-linguistic/cross-cultural analysis of music criticism in classical music magazines of Korea and England as a means of examining how genre and culture are jointly understood. On a micro level, the analysis closely examines the features of rhetorical structure, writing style, register, and the various ways in which critics index the participant musicians and the readers of these magazines. More importantly, it attempts to situate textual features within socio-cultural contexts with a view to understand each community's specialized communicative needs, power relations, and various aspects of traditional philosophies. The findings reveal that the genre of contemporary music criticism is socially and culturally constructed and developed in each rhetorical community. The English criticism consists of evaluative discourse motivated by advertising, implicitly from the point of view of the consumer. As a result, it may no longer serve as a genuine forum for authentic discussion for music aesthetics. In contrast, the Korean criticism consists more of “teaching” discourse to promote a high standard of criticism. Through the educational message of Korean music critics, the genre becomes a professional communicative space in which the European classical music discourse conventions coexist with Korean traditional values and cultures (connectedness, holistic perspective, and hierarchical social order). Considering the unique dynamics and learning motivation in Korean classrooms in the US, this study will have pedagogical implications for teaching the concept of genre by introducing students to micro level instances of discourse and the macro level notion of genre, complete with its socio-cultural traditions and influences.
Sijo in the Cloud: Bringing 14th Century Masterpieces to Life by VoiceThread
Authors: Kim Taewoong 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Poetry is one genre of literature that language educators are eager to teach because it “promotes literacy, builds community, and fosters emotional resilience” (Auguilar, 2013, p. 1). However, students may say learning poems is boring, especially when it comes to dealing with masterpieces that were written centuries ago (e.g., Shakespeare's sonnets). How can we teach illustrious literature in a more engaging and effective way? This forum article shares how to teach sijo, a masterpiece of Korean traditional poetry, by combining in-class activities and a cloud-based application, that is, VoiceThread (vt). A sample lesson plan is provided with examples. Implications and drawbacks derived from the lesson plan are further discussed.
Kova dėl žemės: dvaro ir laisvųjų žmonių santykiai sprendžiant žemės nuosavybės klausimą XIX a. II pusėje
Authors: Bairašauskaitė Tamara 
Published: May 2015

Straipsnyje gilinamasi į stambių dvarų savininkų ir laikinųjų žmonių, nuomojusių dvarų žemę, santykius po baudžiavos panaikinimo. Aptariama šiuos santykius reguliavusi imperijos valdžios politika, dvarų savininkų ir laisvųjų žmonių laikysena atsižvelgiant į luominės visuomenės socialinės struktūros neišbaigtumą, komplikuotą valdinių socialinę identifikaciją, privačios nuosavybės neliečiamumo sampratą. Straipsnyje aptariama bajorų žemvaldžių situacija XIX a. antrojoje pusėje, kurią galima apibūdinti kaip žemėvaldos krizę, ir mėginimai ją įveikti taikiomis priemonėmis.
Nostalginis diskursas lietuvių memuaristikoje
Authors: Popovienė Vilma 
Published: May 2015

Straipsnyje, remiantis rusų literatūrologo Ilono Fraimano teorinėmis įžvalgomis ir jo pateikta memuarinių tekstų tipologija, analizuojama lietuvių memuaristikos diskursyvinė raiška (diskurso strategijos), bandant pritaikyti pagal žanro specifiką naratologijos teorinius principus. <i>Diskursas</i> čia suprantamas kaip <i>įvykių visumą iš tam tikros pozicijos perteikiantis pasakojimas</i>. Analizuojami diskurso fragmentai – konkretūs kalbiniai (gramatiniai) pasakojimo požymiai: 1) nurodantys memuarų rašymo tikslus (intencijas) ir pasakotojo ir / arba veikiančio subjekto požiūrį bei santykį su aprašomuoju objektu, 2) žymintys pasakojimo laiko logikos pažeidimus ir / arba pasakojimo lygmenų pažeidimus, 3) atskleidžiantys vidinės (<i>pasakotojo-veikiančio subjekto</i>) ir išorinės (<i>pasakotojo-adresato</i>) komunikacijos santykį. Straipsnyje apžvelgti literatūrologės Svetlanos Boym teoriniai nostalgijos tyrinėjimai svarbūs analizuojant konkrečius memuarinius tekstus, kuriuose nostalginis pasakojimo pradas yra itin ryškus ir iš esmės veikiantis diskursyvinę jo raišką. Siekiant atskleisti autoriaus (pasakotojo, veikiančio subjekto) santykį su pasakojimo objektu, nagrinėjama nostalgijos, kaip specifinio, su vaizduote susijusio atminties aspekto, raiška. Memuariniuose pasakojimuose veikiančio subjekto sąmonėje nostalgija iškyla įvairiais pavidalais – ir kaip netiesioginė patirtis, formuojanti subjekto santykį su praeities erdvėlaikiu, ir kaip paties subjekto būsena, atsiskleidžianti arba refleksyvia meditacija ir skausmingu iliuzinio objekto ilgesiu, arba praeities atkūrimu ne tik individualioje, bet ir kolektyvinėje atmintyje mito ar simbolio pavidalu.