bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular diagnostics and personalized medicine in oncology: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Normanno Nicola , Rachiglio Anna Maria , Roma Cristin , Fenizia Francesca , Esposito Claudia , Pasquale Raffaella , La Porta Maria Libera , Iannaccone Alessia , Micheli Filippo , Santangelo Michele , Bergantino Francesca , Costantini Susan , De Luca Antonella 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIncreasing evidence demonstrates that target‐based agents are active only in molecularly selected populations of patients. Therefore, the identification of predictive biomarkers has become mandatory to improve the clinical development of these novel drugs. Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or rearrangements of the ALK gene in non‐small‐cell lung cancer, and BRAF mutations in melanoma are clear examples of driver mutations and predictive biomarkers of response to treatment with specific inhibitors. Predictive biomarkers might also identify subgroups of patients that are not likely to respond to specific drugs, as shown for KRAS mutations and anti‐EGFR monoclonal antibodies in colorectal carcinoma. The discovery of novel driver molecular alterations and the availability of drugs capable to selectively block such oncogenic mechanisms are leading to a rapid increase in the number of putative biomarkers that need to be assessed in each single patient. In this respect, two different approaches are being developed to introduce a comprehensive molecular characterization in clinical practice: high throughput genotyping platforms, which allow the detection of recognized genetic aberrations in clinical samples, and next generation sequencing that can provide information on all the different types of cancer‐causing alterations. The introduction of these techniques in clinical practice will increase the possibility to identify molecular targets in each individual patient, and will also allow to follow the molecular evolution of the disease during the treatment. By using these approaches, the development of personalized medicine for patients with cancer will finally become possible. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 514–524, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accuracy of percutaneous core needle biopsy in diagnosing papillary breast lesions and potential impact of sonographic features on their management
Authors: Al Hassan Tasneem , Delli Fraine Patrizio , El‐Khoury Mona , Joseph Lawrence , Zheng Jiamin , Mesurolle Benoît 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective.To assess retrospectively the accuracy of core needle biopsy in diagnosing papillary breast lesions and evaluate the prediction of malignant papillary lesions based on sonographic features.Methods.Review of 130 papillary lesions diagnosed on core needle biopsy (2002–2008) in 110 patients. The biopsy results were compared with final surgical pathology or evolution on imaging follow‐up. Lesion size, patient age, type of biopsy needle and guidance, and length of imaging follow‐up were documented. Sonographic features were retrospectively reviewed according to the BI‐RADS lexicon. Morphology, not part of BI‐RADS, was assessed as intraductal, intracystic, or solid.Results.Of the 130 papillary lesions, 6 were sampled with an 11‐G vacuum‐assisted needle under stereotactic guidance and the remaining 124 were sampled under US guidance with a 14‐G (n = 115), 18‐G (n = 8), or 10‐G (n = 1) needle. Initial core needle biopsy diagnosis was benign (n = 103), showed atypia (n = 20), or malignancy (n = 7). Thirty‐seven (36%) benign lesions were surgically excised and 66 (64%) were followed up. On final outcome, 10 benign lesions were upgraded to malignancy (9.7%) and 3 to atypia (3.6%). There was no significant difference in the benign, malignant, and upgraded groups with respect to size, age, or BI‐RADS sonographic characteristics. None of the oval‐shaped lesions nor the intraductal ones were upgraded.Conclusions.Although some sonographic features could favor a benign diagnosis, when a core biopsy yields the diagnosis of a papillary lesion, surgical excision is recommended to definitely exclude malignancy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2013
The role of TNXB single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in recurrent shoulder dislocation
Authors: Geiger Emanuel V. , Henrich Dirk , Wutzler Sebastian , Schneidmüller Dorien , Jakob Heike , Frank Johannes M. , Marzi Ingo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTenascin‐X (TNX) is an extra‐cellular matrix glycoprotein associated with collagen fibril deposition. Recent reports have linked truncated TNX mutations (TNXB) to generalized joint hypermobility and most importantly recurrent joint dislocation. In the present study, we investigated whether there is an association between joint dislocation recurrence rate and the frequency of TNXB single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Seventy‐eight patients treated for post‐traumatic shoulder instability and 82 healthy controls were genotyped for selected TNXB SNP using TaqMan® Genotyping Assays. At a mean follow‐up of 24 months recurrence rate and clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Constant and Murley, Rowe, and DASH scores. The association between genotypes and joint dislocation was tested using the dominant, recessive and additive models, and the model‐free approach. Genotype distribution of the examined SNPs did not significantly deviate from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) neither in patients nor in the controls. Moreover, there was no significant difference in genotype and allele distribution between patients and controls. Finally, no difference in genotype frequency was detected between patients who experienced a re‐dislocation after the initial surgery and patients who did not sustain a re‐dislocation. The SNPs investigated in this study have no clinically relevant influence on TNXB gene expression and/or TNX function. Therefore, these SNPs could not be used for predicting individual risk of recurrent shoulder dislocation. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 295–299, 2013
MRI quantification of fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy in a mouse model of rotator cuff tears
Authors: Samagh Sanjum P. , Kramer Erik J. , Melkus Gerd , Laron Dominique , Bodendorfer Blake M. , Natsuhara Kyle , Kim Hubert T. , Liu Xuhui , Feeley Brian T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRotator cuff pathology is the most common shoulder problem seen by orthopedic surgeons. Rotator cuff muscle fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy are common in larger tears and are considered predicting factors for the prognosis of cuff repair. Clinically, MRI is the gold standard in determining fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy; however, analysis for MRI imaging is primarily qualitative in nature with the results lacking further validation. We have recently developed a mouse model of rotator cuff tears. The goal of this study is to quantify and verify rotator cuff muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration using high‐resolution MRI in our mouse model. The rotator cuff muscles were analyzed for fat using a triglyceride quantification assay (TQA), muscle volume was measured through water displacement (WD), and histology. The study revealed that MRI had a high correlation with fat as measured with histology and TQA (R2 = 098). MRI also correlated well with atrophy measured with WD and wet weight. This suggests that MRI is a reliable modality in evaluating the progression of fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy following rotator cuff tears in a small animal model. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 421–426, 2013
When corridors collide: Road‐related disturbance in commuting bats
Authors: Bennett Victoria J. , Zurcher Arthur A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAs an increasingly dominant feature in the landscape, transportation corridors are becoming a major concern for bats. Although wildlife–vehicle collisions are considered to be a major source of mortality, other negative implications of roads on bat populations are just now being realized. Recent studies have revealed that bats, like many other wildlife species, will avoid roads rather than cross them. The consequence is that roads act as barriers or filters to movement, restricting bats from accessing critical resources. Our objective was to assess specific features along the commuting route, road, or surrounding landscape (alone or in combination) that exacerbated or alleviated the likelihood of a commuting bat exhibiting an avoidance behavior in response to an approaching vehicle. At 5 frequently used commuting routes bisected by roads, we collected data on vehicles travelling along the roads (such as visibility and audibility), commuting bats (such as height), and composition of the commuting route. We revealed that commuting route structure dictated the frequency at which bats turned back along their commuting routes and avoided the road. We found that gaps (>2 m) in commuting routes, such as the road itself, caused bats to turn away just before they reached the road. Furthermore, we found that turning frequencies of bats increased with vehicle noise levels and the locations at which bats responded to vehicles corresponded with areas where noise levels were greatest, including gaps <2 m. This suggested that bats had a disturbance threshold, and only reacted to vehicles when associated noise reached a certain level. We found that threshold levels for our study species were approximately 88 dB, but this value was likely to vary among species. Thus, our findings indicate that restoring (e.g., replanting native trees and shrubs in gaps) and establishing commuting routes (such as planting tree‐lines and wooded hedgerows), as well as creating road‐crossing opportunities (such as interlinking canopies) will improve the permeability of a road‐dominated landscape to bats. Furthermore, our study highlights the influence of the soundscape. We recommend that effective management and mitigation strategies should take into account the ecological design of the acoustic environment. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Sparing the larynx and esophageal inlet expedites feeding tube removal in patients with stage III‐IV oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Amin Neha , Reddy Krishna , Westerly David , Raben David , DeWitt Peter , Chen Changhu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the effect of larynx and esophageal inlet sparing on dysphagia recovery after intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for stage III‐IV oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Study Design:Retrospective study.Methods:Of 88 patients treated with IMRT, 38 were planned with a larynx + esophageal inlet mean dose <50 Gy constraint, 27 with a larynx alone mean dose constraint of <50 Gy, and 23 without a larynx/esophagus constraint. All had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placed before IMRT, which was removed when the patient could swallow and maintain weight. All IMRT plans were retrieved, and the larynx; esophageal inlet; and superior, middle, and inferior constrictors were contoured. Dosimetric data were correlated with PEG tube dependence duration.Results:The PEG tube was removed within 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after IMRT in 24%, 61%, 71%, and 83% of patients, respectively. Median times to PEG tube removal were 3.7 and 8.6 months (P = .0029) in patients planned with or without a larynx/larynx + esophageal inlet dose constraint. A mean dose to the larynx + esophageal inlet of ≤60 Gy reduced the median PEG tube duration from 10.8 to 6.1 months (P = .02), compared to >60 Gy. Mean pharyngeal constrictor doses in patients receiving a mean dose to the larynx + esophageal inlet of ≤50 Gy versus >50 Gy were: 60 Gy and 69 Gy, 55 Gy and 67 Gy, and 47 Gy and 57 Gy, for the superior, middle, and inferior constrictors, respectively (P < .0001).Conclusions:A dose constraint on the larynx and esophageal inlet during IMRT planning reduces dose to pharyngeal constrictors and expedites PEG tube removal.
Context‐based robust face detection algorithm for surveillance cameras
Authors: Miwa Shotaro , Kage Hiroshi , Sumi Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper describes a context‐based robust face detection algorithm for surveillance cameras. Different from familiar faces captured by digital cameras, faces captured by surveillance cameras are smaller and darker with motion blurs and distortions. Furthermore, captured from top‐mounted cameras, facial images are downward and partially hidden. Just using a single‐face detector to detect such degraded faces is very difficult. To solve the problem, we utilize contextual information about faces of walking people. We employ a probabilistic face detection framework combining a face detector with local and global contextual information. We use a boosted fast face detector as an initial selector to pick up a small number of possible face regions in a very short time. After the fast selection of candidate face patches, as local contextual information we calculate a conditional probability in the surrounding regions using a histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) feature‐based outline detector, and as global contextual information we calculate possible face patches from viewpoint information using vanishing point detection. Combining a fast boosted face detector with these contextual information, while keeping computational efficiency of the original boosted face detector, we achieved a high face detection rate of 93.7% with about 1000 times lower false‐positive rate than when using a single original face detector. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
L’intégration des Portugais du Luxembourg
Authors: Tourbeaux Jérôme 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis research aims to describe the process of integration of Luxembourg’s Portuguese. To achieve this, we first conduct a summary review of the sociological literature about integration. Once the conceptual framework established, we measure and link the two essential aspects of integration: the socio-economic integration and the acculturation. To complete, we confront the Portuguese population resident of Luxembourg to those residing in Portugal in order to highlight the degree of acculturation of Portuguese immigrants and their descendants with the Luxembourg society. This research has required the use of data from the Luxembourg European Values Study (EVS) of 2008 as we measure acculturation from questions about the values of individuals. We prove that compared with their parents, the descendants of Portuguese immigrants, regarding their native social environment, are experiencing upward social mobility associated with the development of an “hybrid” cultural identity, composed of values both of the country of birth of their parents and of Luxembourg.
Exemplar Variability Facilitates Rapid Learning of an Otherwise Unlearnable Grammar by Individuals With Language-Based Learning Disability
Authors: von Koss Torkildsen Janne , Dailey Natalie S. , Aguilar Jessica M. , Gómez Rebecca , Plante Elena 
Published: September 2012

PurposeEven without explicit instruction, learners are able to extract information about the form of a language simply by attending to input that reflects the underlying grammar. In this study, the authors explored the role of variability in this learning by asking whether varying the number of unique exemplars heard by the learner affects learning of an artificial syntactic form.MethodLearners with normal language (n= 16) and language-based learning disability (LLD;n= 16) were exposed to strings of nonwords that represented an underlying grammar. Half of the learners heard 3 exemplars 16 times each (low variability group), and the other half of the learners heard 24 exemplars twice each (high variability group). Learners were then tested for recognition of items heard and generalization of the grammar with new nonword strings.ResultsOnly those learners with LLD who were in the high variability group were able to demonstrate generalization of the underlying grammar. For learners with normal language, both those in the high and the low variability groups showed generalization of the grammar, but relative effect sizes suggested a larger learning effect in the high variability group.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that the structure of the learning context can determine the ability to generalize from specific training items to novel cases.
MIGRATION, RETURN, AND HAPPINESS IN ROMANIA
Authors: Bartram David 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Research on happiness finds that rising incomes do not generally lead to increases in happiness. This finding suggests that economic migration – i.e., migration motivated by the prospect of increased income – might not bring greater happiness: when economic migrants believe that migration will improve their lives, that belief might be misguided at least insofar as ‘improvement’ is conceived in terms related to happiness. Perhaps economic migration under certain conditions even results in lower happiness, if it involves sacrifices in other respects that are more consequential for happiness. This paper explores these propositions via comparison of Romanian migrants to non-migrants (using data from the European Social Survey) and finds that returned migrants report lower happiness than non-migrants (controlling for other variables), while migrants who have not returned are not different in happiness from stayers. The cross-sectional analysis cannot directly answer questions about the consequences of migration and return – there are no data on the migrants' happiness prior to migration. But the analysis sharpens the questions that might be asked in future research and considers how various scenarios would be consistent with the findings produced here.
Double-resonant fast particle-wave interaction
Authors: Schneller M. , Lauber Ph. , Brüdgam M. , Pinches S. D. , Günter S. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In future fusion devices fast particles must be well confined in order to transfer their energy to the background plasma. Magnetohydrodynamic instabilities like toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes or core-localized modes such as beta-induced Alfvén eigenmodes and reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes, both driven by fast particles, can lead to significant losses. This is observed in many ASDEX Upgrade discharges. This study applies the drift-kinetic HAGIS code with the aim of understanding the underlying resonance mechanisms, especially in the presence of multiple modes with different frequencies. Of particular interest is the resonant interaction of particles simultaneously with two different modes, referred to as ‘double-resonance’. Various mode overlapping scenarios with different q profiles are considered. It is found that, depending on the radial mode distance, double-resonance is able to enhance growth rates as well as mode amplitudes significantly. Surprisingly, no radial mode overlap is necessary for this effect. Quite the contrary is found: small radial mode distances can lead to strong nonlinear mode stabilization of a linearly dominant mode.
Mobility among Latin American migrants
Authors: Lima Jacob , Martins Angelo 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reflect on the impact of globalisation and productive restructuring in contemporary migration flows in Latin America. It analyses two different movements to/from Latin America: Bolivians in São Paulo and Brazilians in London, seeking to highlight the precarious work conditions of migrants from the region.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses two interrelated research projects. One focuses on Bolivian workers in São Paulo. It used reference documents, and files from the local press and academic articles to map work dynamics of Bolivian migrants working in sweatshops. The other was conducted in London, where in‐depth interviews and participant observations were conducted with Brazilians working in low‐skilled jobs, to explore motives behind migration and settlement.FindingsThere is increasing mobility between different countries that receive immigrants with flexible proposals about constructing “new life projects”. These migrants seek to escape unfavourable living and working conditions, yet an overall perspective of flexible capitalism in its forms of production, distribution and consumption is observable. Both contexts feature precarious employment relationships, with informality, illegality and ethnic social networks being the main elements of attraction and support in host countries. Differences are located in the perspectives of return and settlement, given the different economic situations in England, Brazil and Bolivia.Research limitations/implicationsSample size does not allow making representative statements or generalisations about Brazilians in London. In addition, it was not possible to get primary data from Bolivians in São Paulo because the clandestine nature of the sweatshops makes it difficult to gain access, and to obtain reliable data.Originality/valueThe paper offers an important departure point to advance discussions about productive restructuring, informality, and Latin American mobilities by addressing the intersections between employment relations, migration and geographical mobility within/from Latin America.
Improving the crease retention of trousers during laundering
Authors: Pierlot Anthony P. , Fincher Keith W. , Lee King A. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe appearance retention of trouser creases, subject to tumble drying, for some trousers can be improved by the simple process of restraining the inner leg seam to the aligned outer seam of the trouser leg at a single point just below the crotch. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of this approach on crease retention during laundering for a variety of commercially available trousers of different fibre compositions and blends.Design/methodology/approachTrousers made from various fibres and blends were purchased at retail and were washed and tumble dried as received, or after treatment (e.g. to provide shrink resistance for wool trousers or to improve the level of permanent set in the crease), with one leg restrained while the other was free and the impact on crease retention assessed.FindingsThe findings indicate that the use of a restraint device provides the largest improvement to the crease appearance for trousers constructed from wool or wool blends with polyester. Some level of permanent set is necessary for the restraint to function and an improvement in crease rating of up to three points (AATCC 1‐5 scale) is possible after five laundry cycles.Practical implicationsAn effective prototype trouser restraint device, suitable for use in a domestic environment was constructed based on two rare earth magnets and should allow the consumer to improve the appearance retention of trousers, particularly for those containing appreciable amounts of wool.Originality/valueThe method allows the consumer to improve the crease retention of wool containing trousers, beyond what is possible through industrial processes, by using a laundry aid (restraint).