bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatopathology Practice in Ethiopia
Authors: Gimbel Devon C. , Legesse Teklu Bekele 
Published: May 2013

Context.—Dermatologic diseases are extremely common among the Ethiopian population and are a significant cause of morbidity. However, few studies exist in the literature that describe the incidence and clinical and histologic features of biopsied cutaneous lesions.Objectives.—To categorize the cutaneous diseases observed in skin biopsies at the All African Leprosy Rehabilitation and Training Center (ALERT) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to describe the clinical and histologic features of dermatopathologic diagnoses most frequently encountered in this practice setting.Data Sources.—Pathology reports of 2342 cutaneous specimens received at ALERT in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, were reviewed to determine the range and frequency of cutaneous diseases and dermatoses diagnosed from January 2007 through December 2010.Conclusions.—The range of cutaneous diseases observed in skin biopsies at ALERT was varied and included inflammatory dermatoses (27%), infectious diseases (24%), and malignant and benign cutaneous neoplasms (22% and 20%, respectively). The most common conditions observed in this study were squamous cell carcinoma (8% of total cases), eczema (6% of total cases), leishmaniasis (6% of total cases), tuberculosis (6% of total cases), and benign nevi (4% of total cases).
Stability of Extemporaneously Prepared Lansoprazole Suspension at Two Temperatures
Authors: Morrison Jordan T. , Lugo Ralph A. , Thigpen Jim C. , Brown Stacy D. 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to examine the stability of a generic lansoprazole product in a 3 mg/mL sodium bicarbonate suspension under room temperature and refrigerated conditions.METHODSLansoprazole suspensions (3 mg/mL) were prepared in triplicate using an 8.4% sodium bicarbonate vehicle for each storage condition (room temperature and refrigerated). During 1 month, samples from each replicate were periodically removed and analyzed for lansoprazole concentration by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Each sample was spiked with 10 mg/L omeprazole to serve as the internal standard. A positive electrospray LC-MS/MS method was validated over the calibration range of 5 to 25 mg/L using Food and Drug Administration Guidance. The identities of the analyte and internal standard in the samples were verified by monitoring the MS/MS transitions of m/z 370 to m/z 252 and m/z 346 to m/z 198 for lansoprazole and omeprazole, respectively. Additionally, the pH of the suspensions was monitored throughout the study.RESULTSThe stability of lansoprazole in the oral sodium bicarbonate suspension under refrigeration is compromised prior to what has been previously reported in the literature. Samples kept at room temperature lost &gt;10% of the lansoprazole after 48 hours compared with the refrigerated samples, which maintained integrity up to 7 days. No statistically significant difference was found between the pH of the room temperature and refrigerated suspension samples, indicating that this factor is not the cause for the differences in stability at these two conditions.CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that the extemporaneously compounded lansoprazole oral suspension prepared in 8.4% sodium bicarbonate should not be stored in plastic oral syringes longer than 48 hours at room temperature and no longer than 7 days when refrigerated. These data indicate an expiration time earlier than that previously reported for the refrigerated product (14 days).
Female breast cancer in Lombardy, Italy (2002–2009): A case–control study on occupational risks
Authors: Oddone Enrico , Edefonti Valeria , Scaburri Alessandra , Vai Tiziana , Crosignani Paolo , Imbriani Marcello 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe role of occupational exposures in breast cancer development is still uncertain and, to our knowledge, no studies have been recently carried out in Italy to provide a comprehensive estimation of this possible risk.MethodsBased on administrative data, a case‐control study was carried out recruiting all incident cases of female breast cancer in the period 2002–2009, aged between 35 and 69 years, residing in Lombardy, Italy. Controls were randomly sampled from all women residing in Lombardy as of December 31, 2005. Occupational histories, including blue‐collar status, were available from 1974 through record linkage with a social security pension database, and were obtained for 11,188 cases and 25,329 controls. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 90% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multiple unconditional logistic regression models, including terms for sectors of longest employment and for duration of employment. Multiple comparisons were accounted for according to the Benjamini–Hochberg method.ResultsThe ORs for female breast cancer were modestly but significantly increased for employment in electrical manufacturing (OR 1.12, 90%CI 1.04–1.21), textile (OR 1.08, 90%CI 1.02–1.15), paper (OR 1.25, 90%CI 1.06–1.46) and rubber (OR 1.26, 90%CI 1.03–1.54) industries. Analysis by duration of employment within sectors showed significantly increased ORs for electrical manufacturing and rubber industries. After adjustment for multiple comparisons no estimates remained statistically significant.ConclusionsAlthough with several limitations, our results point to a possible role of exposures in electrical manufacturing, textile, paper and rubber industries in the process leading to breast cancer. An in‐dept study for the electrical manufacturing industry has been already planned. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1051–1062, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stability and the justification of social inequality
Authors: Laurin Kristin , Gaucher Danielle , Kay Aaron 
Published: May 2013

AbstractModern society is rife with inequality. People's interpretations of these inequalities, however, vary considerably: Different people can interpret, for example, the existing gender gap in wages as being the result of systemic discrimination, or as being the fair and natural result of genuine differences between men and women. Here, we examine one factor that may help explain differing interpretations of existing social inequalities: perceptions of system stability. System justification theory proposes that people are often motivated to rationalize and justify the systems within which they operate, legitimizing whatever social inequalities are present within them. We draw on theories and evidence of rationalization more broadly to predict that people should be most likely to legitimize inequalities in their systems when they perceive those systems as stable and unchanging. In one study, participants who witnessed stability, rather than change, in the domain of gender equality in business subsequently reported less willingness to support programs designed to redress inequalities in completely unrelated domains. In a second study, exposure to the mere concept of stability, via a standard priming procedure, led participants to spontaneously produce legitimizing, rather than blaming, explanations for existing gender inequality in their country. This effect, however, emerged only among politically liberal participants. These findings contribute to an emerging body of research that aims to identify the conditions that promote, and those which prevent, system‐justifying tendencies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of essential oil composition on water distillation kinetics
Authors: Benyoussef El‐Hadi , Saibi Sabrina 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to develop mathematical models for essential oils hydrodistillation on the basis of their components’ contribution taking into account both qualitative and quantitative aspects. This modelling approach was applied to water distillation of essential oils from coriander seeds, aniseeds and eucalyptus leaves. The results showed that the assumption considering the essential oil as a pseudo‐component with constant physical properties, already adopted in several models, is not verified when there is a variation in essential oil composition during the extraction process. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the aromatic profile of three aromatic varieties of Peruvian pisco (Albilla, Muscat and Torontel) by chemical analysis and gas chromatography–olfactometry
Authors: Cacho Juan , Moncayo Liliana , Palma Juan Carlos , Ferreira Vicente , Culleré Laura 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTForty‐five samples of commercial pisco made with Albilla, Muscat and Torontel grapes in different areas of Peru have been evaluated by gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC‐O) and chemical quantitative analysis. The GC‐O study revealed that the Peruvian pisco made of these varieties of grapes has an aroma profile formed by nearly 30 odorants. The odorant 2,3‐pentanedione was detected only in the Albilla sample, producing significant differences. The chemical analysis of the volatiles of these samples showed volatile profiles quite typical of a wine distillate. The Torontel samples (considered the most aromatic variety) were marked by high levels of terpenes and β‐damascenone, the Albilla samples showed the lowest values of terpenes, which may explain their low scores obtained during the sensory analysis, while the Muscat samples showed intermediate levels of this family of compounds and were characterized by high concentrations of benzyl alcohol and β‐phenylethanol. Furthermore, an evaluation of the sensory contribution of terpenes in these piscos was carried out, demonstrating that linalool is the most odour‐active terpene, exceeding its odour threshold in 34 out of 45 piscos analysed. However, the other terpenes should also be considered as important contributors to the aroma of piscos because a certain degree of cooperation between the components of this family has been demonstrated. The quantitative analysis data allowed us to distinguish pisco samples according to their variety and could explain some sensory differences observed depending on the nature of the grapes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social relations and depression in late life—A systematic review
Authors: Schwarzbach Michaela , Luppa Melanie , Forstmeier Simon , König Hans‐Helmut , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveSocial relations have become the focus of much research attention when studying depressive symptoms in older adults. Research indicates that social support and being embedded in a network may reduce the risk for depression. The aim of the review was to analyze the association of social relations and depression in older adults.MethodsElectronic databases were searched systematically for potentially relevant articles published from January 2000 to December 2012. Thirty‐seven studies met the inclusion criteria for this review.ResultsFactors of social relations were categorized into 12 domains. Factors regarding the qualitative aspects of social relations seem to be more consistent among studies and therefore provide more explicit results. Thus, social support, quality of relations, and presence of confidants were identified as factors of social relations significantly associated with depression. The quantitative aspects of social relations seem to be more inconsistent. Cultural differences become most obvious in terms of the quantitative aspects of social relations.ConclusionDespite the inconsistent results and the methodological limitations of the studies, this review identified a number of factors of social relations that are significantly associated with depression. The review indicates that it is needful to investigate social relations in all their complexity and not reduce them to one dimension. Simultaneously, it is important to conduct longitudinal studies because studies with cross‐sectional design do not allow us to draw conclusions on causality. Beyond that, cultural differences need to be considered. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel systems in the control of speech
Authors: Simmonds Anna J. , Wise Richard J.S. , Collins Catherine , Redjep Ozlem , Sharp David J. , Iverson Paul , Leech Robert 
Published: May 2013

AbstractModern neuroimaging techniques have advanced our understanding of the distributed anatomy of speech production, beyond that inferred from clinico‐pathological correlations. However, much remains unknown about functional interactions between anatomically distinct components of this speech production network. One reason for this is the need to separate spatially overlapping neural signals supporting diverse cortical functions. We took three separate human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets (two speech production, one “rest”). In each we decomposed the neural activity within the left posterior perisylvian speech region into discrete components. This decomposition robustly identified two overlapping spatio‐temporal components, one centered on the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), the other on the adjacent ventral anterior parietal lobe (vAPL). The pSTG was functionally connected with bilateral superior temporal and inferior frontal regions, whereas the vAPL was connected with other parietal regions, lateral and medial. Surprisingly, the components displayed spatial anti‐correlation, in which the negative functional connectivity of each component overlapped with the other component's positive functional connectivity, suggesting that these two systems operate separately and possibly in competition. The speech tasks reliably modulated activity in both pSTG and vAPL suggesting they are involved in speech production, but their activity patterns dissociate in response to different speech demands. These components were also identified in subjects at “rest” and not engaged in overt speech production. These findings indicate that the neural architecture underlying speech production involves parallel distinct components that converge within posterior peri‐sylvian cortex, explaining, in part, why this region is so important for speech production. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1930–1943, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinally guided level sets for consistent tissue segmentation of neonates
Authors: Wang Li , Shi Feng , Yap Pew‐Thian , Lin Weili , Gilmore John H. , Shen Dinggang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAbstract: The article to which this erratum refers was published in Hum Brain Mapp 2013 DOI:
10.1002/hbm.21486. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MULTIPLE EVENT INCIDENCE AND DURATION ANALYSIS FOR CREDIT DATA INCORPORATING NON‐STOCHASTIC LOAN MATURITY
Authors: Watkins John G. T. , Vasnev Andrey L. , Gerlach Richard 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYApplications of duration analysis in economics and finance exclusively employ methods for events of stochastic duration. In application to credit data, previous research incorrectly treats the time to predetermined maturity events as censored stochastic event times. The medical literature has binary parametric ‘cure rate’ models that deal with populations that never experienced the modelled event. We propose and develop a multinomial parametric incidence and duration model, incorporating such populations. In the class of cure rate models, this is the first fully parametric multinomial model and is the first framework to accommodate an event with predetermined duration. The methodology is applied to unsecured personal loan credit data provided by one of Australia's largest financial services organizations. This framework is shown to be more flexible and predictive through a simulation and empirical study that reveals: simulation results of estimated parameters with a large reduction in bias; superior forecasting of duration; explanatory variables can act in different directions upon incidence and duration; and variables exist that are statistically significant in explaining only incidence or duration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dermal irritation of petrolatum in rabbits but not in mice, rats or minipigs
Authors: Chandra S. A. , Peterson R. A. , Melich D. , Merrill C. M. , Bailey D. , Mellon‐Kusibab K. , Adler R. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPetrolatum is widely used in cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals and also as a vehicle in dermal toxicity studies. New Zealand white rabbits treated with white petrolatum (vehicle control) in a 2‐week dermal irritation study exhibited moderate to severe erythema starting on Day 7 that subsided towards the end of the study. Histological examination of abraded and non‐abraded petrolatum‐treated skin obtained at termination (Day 15) revealed mild acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, dermal edema with mixed inflammatory cells in the dermis. Macroscopic and microscopic features noted in rabbits were consistent with dermal irritation to petrolatum. Wistar‐Han rats, CD1 mice, C57/Bl/6J mice and Göttingen minipigs treated topically with white petrolatum did not exhibit clinical or histologic evidence of dermal irritation. Therapeutic agents developed for topical application are generally tested in rabbits during some point in development. Interpretation of skin irritation data from a single species can impact risk assessment for humans and on product labeling. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virological failure and drug resistance during first line anti‐retroviral treatment in Indonesia
Authors: Fibriani Azzania , Wisaksana Rudi , Indrati Agnes , Hartantri Yovita , van de Vijver David , Schutten Martin , Alisjahbana Bachti , Sudjana Primal , Boucher Charles A.B. , van Crevel Reinout , van der Ven Andre 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe virological response and development of drug resistance during first‐line anti‐retroviral treatment (ART) were studied in Indonesia where the majority of patients infected with HIV have a history of injecting drug use, which is often linked with lower treatment adherence and development of drug‐resistance. As many as 575 patients starting ART between September 2007 and March 2010 in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung were followed prospectively. Clinical and laboratory monitoring was performed every 6 months. Plasma samples with HIV‐RNA ≥400 copies/ml were examined for drug resistance mutations. Most patients were male (72.3%), 59.7% had a history of injecting drug use, and the median CD4+ cells count before start of ART was 35 cells/mm3 (IQR 10–104). From 438 HIV patients with HIV‐RNA measurements, 40 (9.1%) subjects had HIV‐RNA ≥400 copies/ml after 24 weeks (median follow‐up 16 (IQR 8–25) months). Of these failing patients 16 (47%) subjects had drug resistance mutations, predominantly M184V (35.3%), Y181C (23.5%), K103N (11.7%), and TAMs (11.7%). A history of treatment discontinuation ≥1 month, reported by 5.3% (23) of patients, was strongly associated with virological failure (adjusted OR 12.64, 95% CI 4.51–35.41); and a history of injecting drug use was not (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.38–1.46). This is the largest and most systematic evaluation of virological response to first line ART in Indonesia. Patients in this cohort responded well to first line ART, with low rates of virological failure and drug resistance. A history of injecting drug use should not be a reason to withhold ART in this setting. J. Med. Virol. 85:1394–1401, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Black African Nurses' Experiences of Equality, Racism, and Discrimination in the National Health Service
Authors: Likupe Gloria , Archibong Uduak 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAs the workforce in the British National Health Service (NHS) has become more diverse, several researchers have reported that experiences of overseas nurses have been largely negative. This paper explores Black African nurses' experiences of equal opportunities, racism, and discrimination in four NHS trusts in northeastern England. Thirty nurses from sub‐Saharan countries working in four NHS trusts were interviewed between 2006 and 2008 using semistructured interviews and focus group discussions to gain an insight into their experiences in the NHS. This study suggests that Black African nurses experienced discrimination and racism from White colleagues and other overseas nurses, managers, and patients and their relatives as well as lack of opportunities in their workplaces. Managers seemed to treat British and other overseas nurses more favorably than Black African nurses. Although much progress has been made in valuing and embracing diversity in the NHS, this article highlights areas in which more work is required.
Contemporary Perspectives on Diversity Interventions
Authors: Walton Sean 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe author considers and contrasts a number of contemporary viewpoints about the nature and potential impact of diversity interventions primarily within higher education institutions and across organizational cultures. He focuses on issues of race and racial inequality, although the principles and theoretical perspectives discussed could be applied to other areas where inequalities exist. The author also draws upon current perspectives on race, racism, and ways of making effective and meaningful diversity interventions, including views from critical pedagogy, critical race theory, and cosmopolitan thinkers. He concludes that the modern educator within higher education is faced with the dilemma of a choice between rejecting useful theoretical insights into the extent of racial discrimination and being resigned to making largely ineffective diversity interventions. A solution to the dilemma is briefly outlined.
A homozygous double mutation in SMN1: a complicated genetic diagnosis of SMA
Authors: Kirwin Susan M. , Vinette Kathy M. B. , Gonzalez Iris L. , Abdulwahed Hind Al , Al‐Sannaa Nouriya , Funanage Vicky L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the most common autosomal recessive cause of infant death, is typically diagnosed by determination of SMN1 copy number. Approximately 3–5% of patients with SMA retain at least one copy of the SMN1 gene carrying pathogenic insertions, deletions, or point mutations. We report a patient with SMA who is homozygous for two mutations carried in cis: an 8 bp duplication (c.48_55dupGGATTCCG; p.Val19fs*24) and a point mutation (c.662C>T; p.Pro221Leu). The consanguineous parents carry the same two mutations within one SMN1 gene copy. We demonstrate that a more accurate diagnosis of the disease is obtained through a novel diagnostic assay and development of a capillary electrophoresis method to determine the copy number of their mutant alleles. This illustrates the complexity of SMN mutations and suggests additional testing (gene sequencing) may be appropriate when based on family lines.