bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female Sexual Health Training for Oncology Providers: New Applications
Authors: Wang Lynn Y. , Pierdomenico Annette , Lefkowitz Abbe , Brandt Rachael 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual health care remains an unmet need for women with cancer. Many barriers are described, such as provider discomfort and lack of training; however, there is little evidence-based guidance regarding how to effectively address these obstacles.

Aim
This pilot study was performed to determine whether brief, targeted sexual health training for oncology providers results in improved provider comfort level and frequency of addressing female cancer-related sexual issues.

Methods
A brief (30–45 minute), targeted sexual health training program focused on improving comfort level, knowledge and communication skills when addressing breast cancer–related sexual issues was developed by the primary author. Using a pretest-posttest format, this educational program was provided to oncology providers (physicians and nurses/other allied health) from a suburban health-care system. Surveys based on 5-point Likert scales were provided before and 3–6 month post training.

Main Outcome Measures
Primary endpoints were changes in mean Likert scores for provider comfort level and self-reported frequency of addressing sexual issues. A secondary endpoint was change in mean Likert scores for perception of access to sexual health resources/referrals.

Results
Eligible respondents included 8 oncologists, 4 surgeons, and 62 nurses/other allied health. For total respondents, comparison of mean Likert scores for survey 1 (n = 71) and survey 2 (n = 36) demonstrated statistically significant increases for all parameters queried, including provider comfort level with bringing up (Pre mean Likert score = 3.4, Post = 4.3, P &lt; 0.0001) and coordinating care (Pre = 3.5, Post = 4.6, P &lt; 0.0001), and frequency of addressing sexual issues for both diagnosis/treatment and surveillance phase (Pre = 2.4, Post = 3.3, P ≤ 0.0052).

Conclusion
Brief, targeted sexual health training for oncology providers positively correlated with improved provider comfort level and frequency of addressing female cancer-related sexual issues.
Leveraging foreign institutional logic in the adoption of stock option pay amongJapanese firms
Authors: Geng Xuesong , Yoshikawa Toru , Colpan Asli M. 
Published: April 2015

Research summary:We investigate whyJapanese firms have adopted executive stock option pay, which was developed with shareholder‐oriented institutional logic that was inconsistent withJapanese stakeholder‐oriented institutional logic. We argue thatJapanese managers have self‐serving incentives to leverage stock ownership of foreign investors and their associated institutional logic to legitimize the adoption of stock option pay. Our empirical analyses with a large sample ofJapanese firms between 1997 and 2007 show that when managers have elite education, high pay inequality with ordinary employees, and when firms experience poor sales growth, foreign ownership is more likely associated with the adoption of stock option pay. The study shows the active role of managers in facilitating the diffusion of a new governance practice embodying new institutional logic.Managerial summary:Why haveJapanese firms adopted stock option pay for executives? Inconsistent withJapanese stakeholder‐oriented tradition in corporate governance, such pay has been believed to prioritize managerial attention to the interests of shareholders over those of other stakeholders. However, to the extent that shareholders' interests are legitimate in theJapanese context, executives who have self‐serving incentives to adopt such pay can leverage the need to look after shareholders' interest in their firms to legitimize their decisions. In a large sample ofJapanese firms, we find that foreign ownership (representing shareholders' interests) is more likely to be associated with the adoption of stock option pay when managers are motivated to receive such pay, such as when they have elite education, high pay inequality with ordinary employees, or poor sales growth. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SIMD compression and the intersection of sorted integers
Authors: Lemire Daniel , Boytsov Leonid , Kurz Nathan 
Published: April 2015

SummarySorted lists of integers are commonly used in inverted indexes and database systems. They are often compressed in memory. We can use the single‐instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instructions available in common processors to boost the speed of integer compression schemes. Our S4‐BP128‐D4 scheme uses as little as 0.7 CPU cycles per decoded 32‐bit integer while still providing state‐of‐the‐art compression. However, if the subsequent processing of the integers is slow, the effort spent on optimizing decompression speed can be wasted. To show that it does not have to be so, we (1) vectorize and optimize the intersection of posting lists; (2) introduce the SIMD GALLOPING algorithm. We exploit the fact that one SIMD instruction can compare four pairs of 32‐bit integers at once. We experiment with two Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) text collections, GOV2 and ClueWeb09 (category B), using logs from the TREC million‐query track. We show that using only the SIMD instructions ubiquitous in all modern CPUs, our techniques for conjunctive queries can double the speed of a state‐of‐the‐art approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human iPSC-Derived Neural Progenitors Preserve Vision in an AMD-Like Model
Authors: Tsai Yuchun , Lu Bin , Bakondi Benjamin , Girman Sergey , Sahabian Anais , Sareen Dhruv , Svendsen Clive N. , Wang Shaomei 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are currently being tested for cell replacement in late-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, preserving vision at early-stages may also be possible. Here, we demonstrate that transplantation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iNPCs) limits disease progression in the Royal College of Surgeons rat, a preclinical model of AMD. Grafted-iNPCs survived, remained undifferentiated, and distributed extensively in a laminar fashion in the subretinal space. Retinal pathology resulting from the accumulation of undigested photoreceptor outer segments (POS) was significantly reduced in iNPC-injected rats compared with controls. Phagosomes within grafted-iNPCs contained POS, suggesting that iNPCs had compensated for defective POS phagocytosis by host-RPE. The iNPC-treated eyes contained six to eight rows of photoreceptor nuclei that spanned up to 5 mm in length in transverse retinal sections, compared with only one row of photoreceptors in controls. iNPC treatment fully preserved visual acuity measured by optokinetic response. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that retina with the best iNPC-protected areas were 140-fold more sensitive to light stimulation than equivalent areas of contralateral eyes. The results described here support the therapeutic utility of iNPCs as autologous grafts for early-stage of AMD. Stem Cells 2015;33:2537–2549
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal and Explosive Properties of [Cd(SCZ)3(H2O)](PA)2·3H2O (SCZ = Semicarbazide, PA = Picrate)
Authors: Tong Wen‐Chao , Zhang Rui , Xue Lin‐Jun , Xu Rui , Zhang Li‐Nong , Zhang Tong‐Lai , Yang Li 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe heptacoordinate transition metal coordination compound [Cd(SCZ)3(H2O)](PA)2·3H2O (1) with the ligand semicarbazide (SCZ) and the counteranion picrate (PA) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The Cd2+ ion is heptacoordinated by three SCZ groups and a water molecule. SCZ presents typical bidentate coordination modes. The thermal decomposition mechanism of 1 was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which revealed that complex 1 exhibits three small endothermic and two large exothermic processes. The non‐isothermal kinetics parameters were calculated by the Kissinger's method and Ozawa‐Doyle's method, respectively. The heat of combustion was measured by oxygen bomb calorimetry. The enthalpy of formation, the critical temperature of thermal explosion, the entropy of activation (ΔS≠), the enthalpy of activation (ΔH≠), and the free energy of activation (ΔG≠) were also calculated. Sensitivity tests revealed that 1 is insensitive to mechanical stimuli.
Phenylene‐bridged β‐Ketoiminate Dilanthanide Aryloxides: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity for Addition of Amines to Carbodiimides
Authors: Hong Yubiao , Zheng Yu , Xue Mingqiang , Yao Yingming , Zhang Yong , Shen Qi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe synthesis and reactivity of a series of bimetallic lanthanide aryloxides stabilized by a p‐phenylene‐bridged bis(β‐ketoiminate) ligand is presented. The reaction of 1,4‐diaminobenzene with acetylacetone in a 1:2.5 molar ratio in absolute ethanol gave the compound 1,4‐bis(4‐imino‐2‐pentanone)benzene (1) (LH2) in high yield. Compound 1 reacted with (ArO)3Ln(THF)2 (ArO = 2,6‐tBu2‐4‐MeC6H2O, THF = tetrahydrofuran) in a 1:2 molar ratio in THF, after workup, to give the corresponding dilanthanide aryloxides L[Ln(OAr)2(THF)]2 [Ln = Yb (2), Y (3), Sm (4), Nd (5), La (6)] in high isolated yields. Compound 1 and complexes 2–6 were fully characterized, including X‐ray crystal structure analyses for complexes 2, 3, 5, and 6. Complexes 2–6 can be used as efficient pre‐catalysts for catalytic addition of amines to carbodiimides, and the ionic radii of the central metal atoms have a significant effect on the catalytic activity with the increasing sequence of La (6) < Nd (5) ≈ Sm (4) < Y (3) ≈ Yb (2). The catalytic addition reaction with 2 showed a good scope of substrates including primary and secondary amines.
Charge Ordering in Cobalt Oxides: Impact on Structure, Magnetic and Transport Properties
Authors: Raveau Bernard , Seikh Md. Motin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis review shows the great impact of charge ordering upon the magnetic and transport properties of mixed valent Co4+/Co3+ and Co3+/Co2+ cobalt oxides. The relationships between charge ordering and physical properties are described for three structural families: the ordered oxygen deficient perovskites and the Ruddlesden and Popper (RP) derivative La1.5Sr0.5CoO4, the layered NaxCoO2 series and the “114” CaBaCo4O7 oxide.
On Mono(dithiocarbamato)‐silver(I), AgS2CNH2
Authors: Teske Christoph Ludwig , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe title compound AgS2CNR2 was prepared from an aqueous alcoholic solution by reaction of dicyanoargentate [Ag(CN)2]– with excess ammoniumdithiocarbamate. It crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I$\bar{4}$2d (No. 122) with a = 7.9898(4) and c = 12.1072(7) Å, V = 772.89(7) Å3, Z = 8. The crystal structure comprises a 3D tetrahedral network of distorted AgS4 units connected via all vertices thus forming the β‐cristobalite structure type. The dithiocarbaramate ligands extend into the hollow space of the framework. Thermal decomposition starts above 125 °C and proceeds with a complex reaction to give finally Ag2S (acanthite).
Crystal Structures of Hydrazinium(II) Salts of [SbF6]– and [Sb2F11]–
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractN2H6(Sb2F11)2 was synthesized by the reaction of N2H6F2 with excess of SbF5 in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF). It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$ (No. 2) with a = 6.6467(3) Å, b = 8.3039(4) Å, c = 8.3600(5) Å, α = 76.394(5) o, β = 70.161(5) o, γ = 70.797(5) o, V = 405.90(4) Å3 at 150 K, Z = 2. When it is redissolved in aHF, it solvolysis with the release of SbF5 yielding N2H6(SbF6)2 which crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group (No. 15) with a = 7.3805(3) Å, b = 12.3248(5) Å, c = 10.4992(4) Å, β = 92.218(4) o, V = 954.33(7) Å3 at 150 K, and Z = 8. No other phases were observed in crystallization products when different molar ratios of N2H6F2/SbF5 (1:1,2:3,1:3) in aHF were used as starting materials.
Regional trends in the use of short‐acting and long‐acting contraception accessed through the private and public sectors
Authors: Ugaz Jorge I. , Chatterji Minki , Gribble James N. , Mitchell Susan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo examine trends in the source of modern contraception (public versus private sector); method choice (long‐acting or permanent methods versus short‐acting methods); and method and source combined.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using data collected by national Demographic and Health Surveys and Reproductive Health Surveys during the period 1992–2012. The dataset included 18 low‐income countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa, 10 from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and 8 from Asia.ResultsA substantial proportion—between 40% and 49%—of modern contraceptive users relied on the private sector in Asia and LAC in the last 20 years, yet the proportion has been smaller in Sub‐Saharan Africa, between 27% and 30%. Increased use of short‐acting methods from both public and private sectors has driven the rise in contraceptive prevalence in Asia and LAC. Similarly, increased contraceptive prevalence in Sub‐Saharan Africa reflected the increased use of short‐acting methods obtained mainly through the public sector, with only limited use of long‐acting or permanent methods through the private sector.ConclusionThe private sector has played a key role in the increase of modern CPR and the provision of modern contraceptives around the world, providing almost half of them in low‐income countries. Yet, such increase was driven primarily by a more substantial role in the provision of short‐acting methods than long acting and permanent methods.
When perfectionism leads to imperfect consumer choices: The role of dichotomous thinking
Authors: He Xin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn four studies, this research investigates the role of perfectionism in consumer decision making and demonstrates that perfectionists often make inferior decisions when facing difficult tasks. Although perfectionists outperform those with low need for perfection at medium levels of decision difficulty, their advantages disappear at high levels of decision difficulty. Driven by dichotomous thinking, perfectionists give up on the task when they realize that a perfect outcome is no longer possible and make inferior decisions. Paradoxically, when given the opportunity to select their own task, perfectionists sometimes avoid tasks over which they have comparative advantage but prefer tasks of high complexity, without realizing the effect of dichotomous thinking on subsequent choices.
Addressing the Multidimensional Impact of Child Poverty: A Model Programme in Pasay City, Philippines
Authors: Frederico Margarita , Muncy Steven , Hernandez Valdimir , Cabbigat Efrenlito 
Published: April 2015

Living in poverty has lifelong consequences for children. In response to the obvious needs of highly vulnerable, impoverished children and youth in its neighbourhood, Community and Family Services International (CFSI) commenced the Park Avenue Initiative (PAI) which was aimed at addressing the impact of poverty through promoting and testing community-based initiatives in child protection, youth development, and opportunity-creation. Building upon research into the reproductive health (RH) practices of young people in the area, the PAI was expanded to include a new programme addressing RH and the high risk sexual behaviours engaged in by many youth. This article critically examines how poverty is impacting on children. It presents the PAI RH approach as an example of a programme which addresses many of the multiple risks poverty presents for children. The PAI RH programme takes a holistic perspective to address the co-morbidity of poverty risk factors. The programme works with children, their families and the community. The article concludes that programmes need to take an integrated approach to address the multidimensions of poverty and engage with children and their families in actions which are aimed at building individual resilience and strengthening communities.
ON THE KNOWABILITY OF EPISTEMIC CONTEXTUALISM: A REPLY TO M. MONTMINY AND W. SKOLITS
Authors: Freitag Wolfgang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIt has been frequently suggested that epistemic contextualists violate the knowledge norm of assertion; by its own lights contextualism cannot be known and hence not be knowingly stated. I have defended contextualists against this objection by showing that it rests on a misunderstanding of their commitments (Freitag 2011, 2012, 2013b). In M. Montminy's and W. Skolits' recent contribution to this journal (2014), their criticism of my solution forms the background against which the authors develop their own. The present reply ventures to demonstrate that their objections are ineffective, since they rest on a confusion of two different ways in which contextualism is unknowable. The precise nature of the original problem will be clarified and my solution briefly restated.
Internally heated convection beneath a poor conductor
Authors: Goluskin David 
Published: April 2015

We consider convection in an internally heated (IH) layer of fluid that is bounded below by a perfect insulator and above by a poor conductor. The poorly conducting boundary is modelled by a fixed heat flux. Using solely analytical methods, we find linear and energy stability thresholds for the static state, and we construct a lower bound on the mean temperature that applies to all flows. The linear stability analysis yields a Rayleigh number above which the static state is linearly unstable ($R_{L}$), and the energy analysis yields a Rayleigh number below which it is globally stable ($R_{E}$). For various boundary conditions on the velocity, exact expressions for$R_{L}$and$R_{E}$are found using long-wavelength asymptotics. Each$R_{E}$is strictly smaller than the corresponding$R_{L}$but is within 1 %. The lower bound on the mean temperature is proven for no-slip velocity boundary conditions using the background method. The bound guarantees that the mean temperature of the fluid, relative to that of the top boundary, grows with the heating rate ($H$) no slower than$H^{2/3}$.
Inverse Problems of Mei Symmetry for Nonholonomic Systems with Variable Mass
Authors: Huang W.-L. , Cai J.-L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe inverse problem of the Mei symmetry for nonholonomic systems with variable mass is studied. Firstly, the authors discuss the Mei symmetry of the holonomic system opposite to a nonholonomic system. Secondly, weak and strong Mei symmetries of a nonholonomic system are concluded through restriction equations and additional restriction equations. Thirdly, the relevant conserved quantity is deduced by means of the structure equation for the gauge function. Fourthly, the inverse problem of the Mei symmetry is obtained by the Noether symmetry. Finally, the paper offers an example to illustrate the application of the research result.
Morphological, molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the spirurid nematode Stegophorus macronectes (Johnston & Mawson, 1942)
Authors: Vidal V. , Ortiz J. , Diaz J.I. , Zafrilla B. , Bonete M.J. , Ruiz De Ybañez M.R. , Palacios M.J. , Benzal J. , Valera F. , De La Cruz C. , Motas M. , Bautista V. , Machordom A. , Barbosa A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractStegophorus macronectes (Johnston & Mawson, 1942) is a gastrointestinal parasite found in Antarctic seabirds. The original description of the species, which was based only on females, is poor and fragmented with some unclear diagnostic characters. This study provides new morphometric and molecular data on this previously poorly described parasite. Nuclear rDNA sequences (18S, 5.8S, 28S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions) were isolated from S. macronectes specimens collected from the chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarctica Forster on Deception Island, Antarctica. Using 18S rDNA sequences, phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference) of the order Spirurida were performed to determine the phylogenetic location of this species. Primer pairs of the ITS regions were designed for genus-level identification of specimens, regardless of their cycle, as an alternative to coprological methods. The utility of this molecular method for identification of morphologically altered specimens is also discussed.
The Now-or-Never bottleneck: A fundamental constraint on language
Authors: Christiansen Morten H. , Chater Nick 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMemory is fleeting. New material rapidly obliterates previous material. How, then, can the brain deal successfully with the continual deluge of linguistic input? We argue that, to deal with this “Now-or-Never” bottleneck, the brain must compress and recode linguistic input as rapidly as possible. This observation has strong implications for the nature of language processing: (1) the language system must “eagerly” recode and compress linguistic input; (2) as the bottleneck recurs at each new representational level, the language system must build a multilevel linguistic representation; and (3) the language system must deploy all available information predictively to ensure that local linguistic ambiguities are dealt with “Right-First-Time”; once the original input is lost, there is no way for the language system to recover. This is “Chunk-and-Pass” processing. Similarly, language learning must also occur in the here and now, which implies that language acquisition is learning to process, rather than inducing, a grammar. Moreover, this perspective provides a cognitive foundation for grammaticalization and other aspects of language change. Chunk-and-Pass processing also helps explain a variety of core properties of language, including its multilevel representational structure and duality of patterning. This approach promises to create a direct relationship between psycholinguistics and linguistic theory. More generally, we outline a framework within which to integrate often disconnected inquiries into language processing, language acquisition, and language change and evolution.
A longitudinal analysis of sentence interpretation in bilingual children
Authors: PHAM GIANG , EBERT KERRY DANAHY 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis longitudinal study used sentence interpretation tasks to consider growth in language processing among school-aged children learning Vietnamese and English. Thirty-two children participated yearly over three time points. Children were asked to identify the agent of sentences that manipulated linguistic cues relevant to Vietnamese (animacy) and English (word order). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine change in cue use over time as well as the relation between cue use and proficiency in each language. Findings include exclusive reliance on word order by the end point, nearly identical group-level cue-use patterns across languages with individual variation, and positive relationships between language proficiency and cue use. Findings are discussed within the unified competition model (MacWhinney, 2004) and the literature on sequential bilingualism.