bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel UV‐curable epoxy acrylate resin containing arylene ether sulfone linkages: Preparation, characterization, and properties
Authors: Cui Jidi , Yu Guipeng , Pan Chunyue 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTUV‐curing processes are used in industrial applications because of their advantages such as high‐speed applications and solvent‐free formulations at ambient temperature. UV‐curable epoxy acrylate resins containing arylene ether sulfone linkages (EAAES) were synthesized through the condensation of bis(4‐chlorophenyl)sulphone and bisphenol‐A, followed by end‐caping of epichlorohydrin and subsequently acrylic acid. UV‐cured coatings were formulated with epoxy acrylates, reactive diluents such as pentaerythritol tri‐acrylate and pentaerythritol dia‐crylate and photoinitiator. Fourier transfer infrared, 1H NMR, and thermal gravimetrical analysis were employed to investigate the structures and thermal properties of the EAs films. The introduction of EAAES into epoxy acrylate substantially improves its thermal properties and thermo‐oxidative stability at high temperatures. In addition, the acrylate containing arylene ether sulfone linkages can also improve pencil hardness and chemical and solvent resistance of the epoxy acrylate. The obtained UV‐curable epoxy acrylate containing arylene ether sulfone linkages is promising as oligomer for UV‐curable coatings, inks, and adhesives in some high‐tech regions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41067.
Habitat suitability, coverage by protected areas and population connectivity for the Siamese crocodile Crocodylus siamensis Schneider, 1801
Authors: Ihlow Flora , Bonke René , Hartmann Timo , Geissler Peter , Behler Natascha , Rödder Dennis 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

With estimates of fewer than 1000 mature individuals in the wild, the critically endangered Siamese crocodile, Crocodylus siamensis Schneider, 1801, is one of the least known and at the same time most threatened crocodilian species in the world. Populations have already been depleted to approximately 20% of their former size with habitat destruction, alterations, and loss being the main drivers of population declines.
Habitat suitability models were computed using a combination of bioclimatic and remote sensing variables as environmental predictors to evaluate habitat suitability and coverage by designated protected areas across the species’ distributional range. In addition, population connectivity as well as current and future habitat fragmentation through dam construction was assessed by performing population connectivity models.
Habitat suitability models show the spatial extent of suitable habitat to be high (46%), although only a small proportion is covered by designated reserves (11%). Population connectivity models showed remnant populations to be highly fragmented. Considering habitat suitability, coverage of reserves and population connectivity the lower Mekong River Basin stretching from the Xe Champhon and Xe Xangxoy rivers in Lao PDR to the Srepok and Sekong rivers in eastern Cambodia seem to be particularly important for future conservation prioritization for C. siamensis.
The presently established protected area network is unsatisfactory in terms of size and population connectivity and needs to be significantly improved to successfully sustain viable populations of the critically endangered Siamese crocodile in the future.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of physicochemical parameters on nitrile‐hydrolyzing potentials of newly isolated nitrilase of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi ED‐3
Authors: Bura Gohain Manorama , Talukdar Shruti , Talukdar Madhumita , Yadav Archana , Gogoi Binod Kumar , Bora Tarun Chandra , Kiran Shashi , Gulati Arvind 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn recent years, nitrilases from fungus have received increasing attention, and most of the studies are performed on nitrilases of bacterial origin. Frequently used methods are based on analytical methods such as high‐performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography; therefore, an efficient, user friendly, and rapid method has been developed to screen nitrilase enzyme based on the principle of color change of a pH indicator. Phenol red amended with the minimal medium appears light yellow at neutral pH, which changes into pink with the formation of ammonia, indicating nitrilase activity in the reaction medium. A highly potent strain ED‐3 identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi (specific activity 17.5 µmol/Min/mg dcw) was isolated using this method. The nitrilase activity of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi ED‐3 strain showed wide substrate specificity toward aliphatic nitriles, aromatic nitriles, and orthosubstituted heterocyclic nitriles. 4‐Aminobenzonitrile was found to be a superior substrate among all the nitriles used in this study. This nitrilase was active within pH 5–10 and temperature ranging from 25 to 60 °C with optimal at pH 7.0 and temperature at 50 °C. The nitrilase activity was enhanced to several folds through optimization of culture and biotransformation conditions from 1,121 to 1,941 µmol/Min.
Determination of selenium via the fluorescence quenching effect of selenium on hemoglobin‐catalyzed peroxidative reaction
Authors: Chen Ya‐Hong , Zhang Ya‐Nan , Tian Feng‐Shou 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new method for the determination of selenium based on its fluorescence quenching on the hemoglobin‐catalyzed reaction of H2O2 and l‐tyrosine has been established. The effect of pH, foreign ions and the optimization of variables on the determination of selenium was examined. The calibration curve was found to be linear between the fluorescence quenching (F0/F) and the concentration of selenium within the range of 0.16‐4.00 µg/mL. The detection limit was 1.96 ng/mL and the relative standard deviation was 3.14%. This method can be used for the determination of selenium in Se‐enriched garlic bulbs with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the synthesis of sulfonamide derivatives and their interaction with bovine serum albumin
Authors: Zhang Xuehong , Lin Yijie , Liu Lina , Lin Cuiwu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThree sulfonamide derivatives (SAD) were first synthesized from p‐hydroxybenzoic acid and sulfonamides (sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfachloropyridazine sodium) and were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and MS. The interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and SAD was studied using UV/vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectra under imitated physiological conditions. The experimental results indicated that SAD effectively quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA via a static quenching process. The thermodynamic parameters showed that hydrogen bonding and van der Waal's forces were the predominant intermolecular forces between BSA and two SADs [4‐((4‐(N‐(4,6‐dimethylpyrimidin‐2‐yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate and 4‐((4‐(N‐(5‐methylisoxazol‐3‐yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate], but hydrophobic forces played a major role in the binding process of BSA and 4‐((4‐(N‐(6‐chloropyridazin‐3‐yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl) carbamoyl)phenyl acetate. In addition, the effect of SAD on the conformation of BSA was investigated using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectra. Molecular modeling results showed that SAD was situated in subdomain IIA of BSA. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron donation to an archaeal cytochrome P450 is enhanced by PCNA‐mediated selective complex formation with foreign redox proteins
Authors: Suzuki Risa , Hirakawa Hidehiko , Nagamune Teruyuki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are environmentally friendly biocatalysts that catalyze diverse chemical reactions using molecular oxygen under mild reaction conditions. P450s are activated upon receiving electrons from specific redox partner proteins, although the redox partners for most bacterial/archaeal P450s are not yet identified. Thus, it is important to establish a variety of efficient and versatile electron transfer systems from NAD(P)H to P450s for the design of biocatalysts. Sulfolobus solfataricus possesses a heterotrimeric proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Fusion of the PCNA subunits to S. acidocaldarius P450 (CYP119) and the Pseudomonas putida redox proteins, putidaredoxin (PdX) and putidaredoxin reductase (PdR), yielded a selective protein complex containing one molecule each of the three proteins. The PCNA‐mediated heterotrimerization of CYP119, PdX, and PdR enhanced the CYP119 activity, likely as a result of high local concentrations of the two redox proteins toward CYP119. Therefore, the PCNA‐mediated formation of the complex containing PdX and PdR might be applicable for harnessing the utility of P450s whose redox partners are not yet identified.
Lamellar cationic lipid‐DNA complexes from lipids with a strong preference for planar geometry: A Minimal Electrostatic Model
Authors: Perico Angelo , Manning Gerald S. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe formulate and analyze a minimal model, based on condensation theory, of the lamellar cationic lipid (CL)‐DNA complex of alternately charged lipid bilayers and DNA monolayers in a salt solution. Each lipid bilayer, composed by a random mixture of cationic and neutral lipids, is assumed to be a rigid uniformly charged plane. Each DNA monolayer, located between two lipid bilayers, is formed by the same number of parallel DNAs with a uniform separation distance. For the electrostatic calculation, the model lipoplex is collapsed to a single plane with charge density equal to the net lipid and DNA charge. The free energy difference between the lamellar lipoplex and a reference state of the same number of free lipid bilayers and free DNAs, is calculated as a function of the fraction of CLs, of the ratio of the number of CL charges to the number of negative charges of the DNA phosphates, and of the total number of planes. At the isoelectric point the free energy difference is minimal. The complex formation, already favoured by the decrease of the electrostatic charging free energy, is driven further by the free energy gain due to the release of counterions from the DNAs and from the lipid bilayers, if strongly charged. This minimal model compares well with experiment for lipids having a strong preference for planar geometry and with major features of more detailed models of the lipoplex. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 1114–1128, 2014.
Mixture Toxicities of Three Pesticides Having Different Time‐Toxicity Profiles
Authors: Yu Mo , Liu Shushen , Wang Mengchao , Chen Fu , Tang Hanxiao 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn the environment, chemical pollutants always exist as mixtures. To evaluate mixture toxicity, we should examine the concentration ratios and the concentration levels of mixture components as well as the interactive time between the components and testing organism. Selecting three pesticides, metribuzin (MET), dodine (DOD) and ridomil (RID), as mixture components, Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.‐Q67 as testing organism, and 96‐well microplate as exposure experiment carrier, the luminescence inhibition toxicities of the pesticides and their binary mixtures at six exposure time points (0.25, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 h) were determined. The results showed that the three pesticides have different time‐toxicity profiles. The toxicity of MET increases over time, and those of DOD and RID show a slight decrease or increase in the first 4 h, respectively, and then remain unchanged to 16 h. The toxicities of the binary mixtures consisting of the three pesticides depend on not only the mixture composition but also the exposure time. The time‐toxicity profiles of all rays in MET‐DOD mixture system are U‐shaped curves, those in MET‐RID system are basically monotonically increased and those in DOD‐RID system are basically monotonically decreased. However, our findings indicate that for the test substances, mixture toxicity can be predicted by the extended concentration addition model.
Fc‐PIP Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of cis‐2,3‐Dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Jiang Shanshan , Hu Bin , Yu Xingxin , Deng Weiping 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA highly enantioselective intramolecular Michael addition‐Lactonization domino reaction of a range of enon acids catalyzed by nuleophilic organocatalyst (Fc‐PIP) was developed, furnishing cis‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran derivatives with excellent enantioselecitivities (94%–98% ee) and good diastereoselectivities (up to 99/1).
Design and Synthesis of Polyoxazole‐based Macrocycles Tethered with a Phosphonate Group
Authors: Qi Fuling , Gao Lianxun , Han Fushe 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe present the design and synthesis of polyoxazole‐based macrocycles containing a phosphonate group. A reliable route was established that allows for convenient and versatile incorporation of various phosphonate functionalities such as phosphonate ester, acid, and salt at the macrocyclic ring periphery. Such unprecedented macrocyclic compounds are anticipated to be appealing candidates as telomerase inhibitors.
Assessing the discordance rate between local and central HER2 testing in women with locally determined HER2‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Kaufman Peter A. , Bloom Kenneth J. , Burris Howard , Gralow Julie R. , Mayer Musa , Pegram Mark , Rugo Hope S. , Swain Sandra M. , Yardley Denise A. , Chau Miu , Lalla Deepa , Yoo Bongin , Brammer Melissa G. , Vogel Charles L. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDThe importance of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as a prognostic and predictive marker in invasive breast cancer is well established. Accurate assessment of HER2 status is essential to determine optimal treatment options.METHODSBreast cancer tumor tissue samples from the VIRGO observational cohort tissue substudy that were locally HER2‐negative were retested centrally with both US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays, using FDA‐approved assay cutoffs; results were compared.RESULTSOf the 552 unique patient samples centrally retested with local HER2‐negative results recorded, tumor samples from 22 (4.0%) patients were determined to be HER2‐positive (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.5%‐5.7%). Of these, 18 had been tested locally by only one testing methodology; 15 of 18 were HER2‐positive after the central retesting, based on the testing methodology not performed locally. Compared with the 530 patients with centrally confirmed HER2‐negative tumors, the 22 patients with centrally determined HER2‐positive tumors were younger (median age 56.5 versus 60.0 years) and more likely to have ER/PR‐negative tumors (27.3% versus 22.3%). These patients also had shorter median progression‐free survival (6.4 months [95% CI = 3.8‐15.9 months] versus 9.1 months [95% CI = 8.3‐10.3 months]) and overall survival (25.9 months [95% CI = 13.8‐not estimable] versus 27.9 months [95% CI = 25.0‐32.9 months]).CONCLUSIONSThis study highlights the limitations of employing just one HER2 testing methodology in current clinical practice. It identifies a cohort of patients who did not receive potentially efficacious therapy because their tumor HER2‐positivity was not determined by the test initially used. Because of inherent limitations in testing methodologies, it is inadvisable to rely on a single test to rule out potential benefit from HER2‐targeted therapy. Cancer 2014;120:2657–2664. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Leaf pubescence as a possibility to increase water use efficiency by promoting condensation
Authors: Konrad Wilfried , Burkhardt Jürgen , Ebner Martin , Roth‐Nebelsick Anita 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThere is various evidence that the presence of condensed water, e.g. dew, improves plant water relations. Because particularly plants in drier environments are expected to benefit from atmospheric water, it may be assumed that special adaptations promoting exploitation of dew water evolved in these habitats. Surface characteristics affect dewfall and retention of dew water. Leaf surface characteristics such as hairs (trichomes), which are often present in plants of arid environments, may therefore play a substantial role in dew harvesting. In this study, it is analysed to what extent (1) the presence of hygrophilic aerosoles promotes dewfall by reducing vapour saturation pressure (‘early condensation’), (2) dew water can be stored within a dense trichome layer, (3) the presence of dew water increases humidity directly above the leaf surface, thereby reducing water loss from the leaf interior by decreasing the water potential gradient between leaf interior and exterior, and (4) dew evaporation reduces transpiration further by evaporative cooling. A physical framework is provided in this contribution that shows that these processes are in fact possible under natural conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of cocoa butter diacylglycerols on migration induced fat bloom in filled chocolates
Authors: Clercq Nathalie De , Depypere Frédéric , Delbaere Claudia , Nopens Ingmar , Bernaert Herwig , Dewettinck Koen 
Published: June 2014

As migration induced fat bloom remains one of the major quality issues in composite chocolate products, this study investigated whether cocoa butter based DAGs could delay or prevent this phenomenon. A model system consisting of a plastic cylinder with filling and chocolate was utilized for this purpose. Using an automated image analysis procedure, the surface of the chocolate was examined at regular time intervals to detect the presence of fat bloom crystals. The chocolate was cut into different layers and analyzed by HPLC and DSC to monitor the oil migration. It was noticed that the quality characteristics of the plain chocolates only slightly changed during the 1‐year storage period. DSC thermograms demonstrated that the oil migration was a triggering factor for the re‐crystallization to βVI crystals, protruding through the chocolate surface resulting in a grayer and duller appearance. The model based on Fickian diffusion with a constant diffusivity failed to accurately describe the migration of oil into chocolate. Non‐Fickian behavior occurs as besides migration, interaction between oil and cocoa butter can also play a major role. It was concluded that the presence of DAGs did not delay oil migration, nor prevented the appearance of migration induced fat bloom.The performance of the DAG chocolates containing up to 7.5% DAG on fat base, on the occurrence of fat bloom was evaluated. A model system consisting of a plastic cylinder with filling and chocolate was utilized for this purpose, plain chocolates were used as reference. The figure shows peak area of the main melting peak as determined by DSC, of the top layer as function of storage time for the plain chocolate (a) and chocolates with filling (b) (legend represents the % DAG on fat base). It could be concluded that oil migration from the filling was a triggering factor for the re‐crystallization to βVI crystals, protruding through the chocolate surface resulting in a grayer and duller appearance.
NaBH3CN: A Janus Substitute for Tin‐Free Radical‐Based Reactions
Authors: Guiard Julie , Rahali Yaniss , Praly Jean‐Pierre 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBeside showing that thermal radical reactions (reduction, Giese reaction) are efficient if bromo‐/iodosugars are treated with NaBH3CN and 2,2″‐azobisisobutyronitrile, we explored new initiation conditions on the basis of CuI salts (≤0.5 equiv.) supposed to produce radicals from organobromides through a set. This was confirmed, as at about 50 °C under an inert atmosphere acetobromoglucose was reduced to the rearranged 2‐deoxyglucose and as N‐allyl α‐bromoamides reacted, depending on the conditions, either by reductive cyclization or atom‐transfer radical cyclization. A related cyclization occurred upon using Cu(OAc)2. This and other assays showed the reduction by NaBH3CN of CuII salts, either added or formed in situ. Having both ionic and radical reactivity, NaBH3CN appears as a Janus reagent that may be useful for tin‐free radical chemistry under mild and very simple conditions.
Anxiety sensitivity and fear of pain in paediatric headache patients
Authors: Cappucci S. , Simons L.E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundRecent research suggests that anxiety sensitivity (AS) may be a critical factor in the maintenance of chronic pain. Converging lines of evidence also propose a relationship between AS and fear of pain (FOP) that may result from interoceptive fear conditioning in interoceptively biased individuals. While some AS and FOP research has been carried out in adults, literature exploring this relationship is sparse in clinical paediatric populations.MethodsThis study investigated the hypotheses that FOP mediates the relationships between AS and disability as well as AS and somatization in children and adolescents with chronic headache pain. Mediation models were investigated using bootstrap regression analyses.ResultsResults indicate that the AS–disability relationship is mediated by FOP, whereas AS seems to contribute both directly and indirectly to somatization.ConclusionThese results provide evidence for the pivotal role of AS in the paediatric chronic pain model. The findings of this study further emphasize the application of the fear‐avoidance model in children and provide new evidence for the critical role of AS in a paediatric headache population.
When virtual contact is all you need: Subtle reminders of Facebook preempt social‐contact restoration after exclusion
Authors: Knausenberger Judith , Hellmann Jens H. , Echterhoff Gerald 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn the Internet age, people who feel alone can use online social media to restore a sense of social connectedness. In the present experiment, participants were either excluded or included in Cyberball, a virtual ball‐tossing game. Afterwards, a Facebook icon or a control icon (Flash Player) was shown on the margin of a computer screen during a filler task. In the control condition, excluded (vs. included) participants subsequently expressed greater interest in social contact. This response to exclusion was absent after the subtle exposure to the Facebook icon. The effect of icon presentation was moderated by relational Facebook use: The interest in further social contact after exclusion was particularly low in participants who reported employing Facebook to maintain relationships to a greater (vs. lower) extent. In sum, our findings suggest that Facebook can dispense with compensatory affiliation attempts after exclusion, especially in more socially minded Facebook users. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.