bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Care in the Transgender Individual
Authors: Maycock Laura Bond , Kennedy Holly Powell 
Published: November 2013

IntroductionTransgender individuals undergo hormone therapy and/or alter their breasts or genitals to facilitate a transition from male to female or female to male. Changes in the breast tissue from hormone therapy, breast binding, mastectomy, or breast augmentation are of specific interest to women's health care providers. To provide competent care, providers must be knowledgeable about unique aspects of breast health in this vulnerable population, including screening guidelines and client education. The purpose of this integrative literature review is to compile the current research on breast health for transgender individuals and to serve as a resource for providers.MethodsA search of the literature was performed using CINAHL, Ovid, and PubMed. Results were reviewed for relevant articles, and the reference lists of these were reviewed for additional resources. When available, studies specific to the transgender population are presented; studies of other populations are also included when relevant. Theories of human endocrinology, physiology, and anatomy will provide the foundation for the review and discussion.ResultsResearch into breast care for transgender individuals is limited. Often, practitioners must draw conclusions for practice from scattered case studies or research with nontransgender populations. Many of the procedures and practices transgender individuals choose to undergo, such as implantation, injection, binding, and mastectomy, carry serious risks.DiscussionTransgender individuals should be counseled on all the possible outcomes of their decisions, so they are capable of making informed choices. They must also be followed with careful consideration of these choices. More research in many areas of transgender breast care is necessary.
Using Functional Data Analysis (FDA) Methodology and theRPackage “fda” for Sensory Time‐Intensity Evaluation
Authors: Bi Jian , Kuesten Carla 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMeasuring and analyzing time‐intensity (T‐I) of sensory attributes is an important subject of sensory analysis. This paper proposes using functional data analysis (FDA), an emerging field in statistical research, as a new strategy and framework for sensoryT‐Idata analysis. This paper discusses and illustrates how to apply the well‐developedFDAtechniques and use the availableRpackage “fda” to analyze sensoryT‐Idata. The analyses include data smoothing, descriptions of functional data, functional regression analysis, functional analysis of variance and permutation tests of functional hypotheses (functionalF‐tests andt‐tests). Some conclusions about applications ofFDAto sensoryT‐Idata are reached.Practical ApplicationsThe currently used statistical analysis for sensoryT‐Idata is not well developed. There are some limitations of using univariate and multivariate data analyses for sensoryT‐Idata.FDAis a promising alternative. This paper shows some advantages usingFDAand theRpackage “fda” for the analysis of sensoryT‐Idata. It is expected that the introduction and application ofFDAin the sensory field will dramatically improve data analysis forT‐Ievaluation of sensory attributes.
Sickness Absence, Sick Leave Pay, and Pay Schemes
Authors: Dale‐Olsen Harald 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUtilizing Norwegian linked register and survey data, while exploiting a discontinuity in public sick pay legislation, I show that the public sick pay compensation level causally affects male performance pay workers' sick leave days. Both male and female performance pay workers experience longer sick leaves when provided private supplementary sick pay compared with those being eligible for public sick pay only. This differential impact of the replacement rate on workers' sick leave rates reveals heterogeneous behavioural changes following public sick pay cuts, and this heterogeneity will be reinforced by the provision of employer‐provided sick pay to attractive worker groups.
Assessment of the Impact of Male Urinary Incontinence on Health‐Related Quality of Life: A Population Based Study
Authors: PARK Hyoung Keun , CHANG Sounghoon , PALMER Mary H. , KIM Inja , CHOI Heejung 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of male urinary incontinence on health‐related quality of life by population based study.MethodsA two‐stage systematic sampling method was adopted. A total of 5830 men participated in this survey. Face –to‐face interviews were used to collect data. Urinary incontinence and symptom bother were measured with the Urogenital Distress Inventory‐6 (UDI‐6). General health‐related quality of life (QoL) was measured using EQ‐VAS, which evaluates the respondent's self‐rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale.ResultsThe age‐adjusted prevalence of Korean male UI was 5.5%. Incontinent men reported higher score of UDI‐6 and lower score of EQ‐VAS than continent men. Men with mixed urinary incontinence reported significantly lower QoL than men with pure stress or urge incontinence.ConclusionsUrinary incontinence affects men's QoL negatively. In particular, mixed urinary incontinence has the greatest impact on QoL.
Drag of suction cup tags on swimming animals: Modeling and measurement
Authors: Alex Shorter K. , Murray Mark M. , Johnson Mark , Moore Michael , Howle Laurens E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBio‐logging tags are widely used to study the behavior and movements of marine mammals with the tacit assumption of little impact to the animal. However, tags on fast‐swimming animals generate substantial hydrodynamic forces potentially affecting behavior and energetics adversely, or promoting early removal of the tag. In this work, hydrodynamic loading of three novel tag housing designs are compared over a range of swimming speeds using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Results from CFD simulation were verified using tag models in a water flume with close agreement. Drag forces were reduced by minimizing geometric disruptions to the flow around the housing, while lift forces were reduced by minimizing the frontal cross‐sectional area of the housing and holding the tag close to the attachment surface. Hydrodynamic tag design resulted in an experimentally measured 60% drag force reduction in 5.6 m/s flow. For all housing designs, off‐axis flow increased the magnitude of the force on the tag. Experimental work with a common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) cadaver indicates that the suction cups used to attach the types of tags described here provide sufficient attachment force to resist failure to predicted forces at swimming speeds of up to 10 m/s.
Phenotypical and molecular responses of Arabidopsis thaliana roots as a result of inoculation with the auxin‐producing bacterium Azospirillum brasilense
Authors: Spaepen Stijn , Bossuyt Stijn , Engelen Kristof , Marchal Kathleen , Vanderleyden Jos 
Published: November 2013

Summary

The auxin‐producing bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 can promote the growth of several plant species. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana was chosen as host plant to gain an insight into the molecular mechanisms that govern this interaction.

The determination of differential gene expression in Arabidopsis roots after inoculation with either A. brasilense wild‐type or an auxin biosynthesis mutant was achieved by microarray analysis.

Arabidopsis thaliana inoculation with A. brasilense wild‐type increases the number of lateral roots and root hairs, and elevates the internal auxin concentration in the plant. The A. thaliana root transcriptome undergoes extensive changes on A. brasilense inoculation, and the effects are more pronounced at later time points. The wild‐type bacterial strain induces changes in hormone‐ and defense‐related genes, as well as in plant cell wall‐related genes. The A. brasilense mutant, however, does not elicit these transcriptional changes to the same extent.

There are qualitative and quantitative differences between A. thaliana responses to the wild‐type A. brasilense strain and the auxin biosynthesis mutant strain, based on both phenotypic and transcriptomic data. This illustrates the major role played by auxin in the Azospirillum–Arabidopsis interaction, and possibly also in other bacterium–plant interactions.
Decisional Balance among Potential Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Recipients: Development of the ICD‐Decision Analysis Scale (ICD‐DAS)
Authors: HAZELTON ANTHONY GARRETT , SEARS SAMUEL F. , FORD JESSICA , CAHILL JOHN , NEKKANTI RAJASEKHAR , DEANTONIO HARRY , OTTOBONI LINDA , NORTON LINDA , WANG PAUL 
Published: November 2013

IntroductionSudden cardiac death is a well‐documented public health problem and the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has demonstrated benefit in reducing mortality. Prospective patients must identify and evaluate the ICD's pros and cons and produce a personal decision. The purpose of this study was to create and evaluate a measure of patient‐evaluated pros and cons of the ICD, and its relationship to patient decision regarding ICD implantation.Methods and ResultsThe ICD–decision analysis scale (ICD‐DAS) was created and tested in prospective ICD recipients (N = 104). Factor analysis was performed to evaluate interitem relationships, and subsequently, identified subscales; additional psychosocial measures were used to predict the ICD decision. A two‐factor measure for ICD decision making was established with two subscales: ICD Pros and ICD Cons. The subscales have high internal consistency and were strong predictors of intent to choose an ICD. Other psychosocial measures were not significantly predictive of ICD Choice, yet simultaneous entry of ICD Pros and Cons subscales resulted in a significant increase in R2, F(2, 59) = 19.36, P < 0.001. The full model was significantly greater than zero, F(11, 70) = 5.017, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.48.ConclusionThe ICD‐DAS provides the first empirically tested and clinically useful approach to understanding the specific pros and cons for prospective ICD patients. The measure can assist clinicians with patient‐centered discussions regarding sudden cardiac arrest treatments. The ICD‐DAS will allow for the provision of tailored education or counseling and may be used to predict postdecision outcomes.
Management of mediastinal syndromes in pediatrics: a new challenge of ultrasound guidance to avoid high‐risk general anesthesia
Authors: Sola Chrystelle , Choquet Olivier , Prodhomme Olivier , Capdevila Xavier , Dadure Christophe 
Published: November 2013

SummaryAdverse events associated with anesthetic management of anterior mediastinal masses in pediatrics are common. To avoid an extremely hazardous general anesthesia, the use of real‐time ultrasonography offers an effective alternative in high‐risk cases. We report the anesthetic management including a light sedation and ultrasound guidance for regional anesthesia, surgical node biopsy, and placement of a central venous line in two children with an anterior symptomatic mediastinal mass. For pediatric patients with clinical and/or radiologic signs of airway compression, ultrasound guidance provides safety technical assistance to avoid general anesthesia and should be performed for the initial diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Cutaneous Manifestations in Costello and Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome: Report of 18 Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Morice‐Picard Fanny , Ezzedine Khaled , Delrue Marie‐Ange , Arveiler Benoit , Fergelot Patricia , Taïeb Alain , Lacombe Didier , Boralevi Franck 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCostello syndrome (CS) and cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFCS) are congenital disorders involving the Ras‐MAPK pathway with phenotypic overlap. These two entities are thought to share common cutaneous findings, although so far they have been poorly studied. The objective of this prospective observational study was to describe the spectrum of skin findings in CS and CFCS and to highlight those specific to each of these two diseases. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CFCS or CS underwent a systematic skin examination during the annual workshop organized by the French CS association in 2007 and 2009 in Bordeaux, France. Eighteen patients were included in the study. Specific skin abnormalities, including cutis laxa, curly hair, pruritus, and hyperhidrosis, are shared by CFCS and CS, whereas others may help to differentiate between these two syndromes. Acanthosis nigricans, papillomas, and loose thick skin of the dorsum of the hands are characteristic of CS, whereas sparse eyebrows and dry hyperkeratotic skin are suggestive of CFCS. Our results highlight that a systematic cutaneous examination, in addition to dysmorphologic and noncutaneous anomalies, may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of CFCS and CS. The physiopathologic link between constitutional Ras‐MAPK pathway activation and the observed ectodermal findings remains to be investigated.
VvAMP2, a grapevine flower‐specific defensin capable of inhibiting Botrytis cinerea growth: insights into its mode of action
Authors: Nanni V. , Schumacher J. , Giacomelli L. , Brazzale D. , Sbolci L. , Moser C. , Tudzynski P. , Baraldi E. 
Published: November 2013

The genome of Vitis vinifera contains 79 defensin‐like (DEFL) gene sequences, classified in four groups based on peptide sequence similarity. Group‐2 DEFL proteins are highly conserved peptides with 10 cysteine residues, and include VvAMP2, a defensin active against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Here, quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis was used to show that group‐2 DEFLs are specifically expressed in grapevine inflorescences, with the highest level in pollen/stamen, and weak expression in calyptrae and carpels. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the protein accumulates in pollen grains and in specific areas of the ovary parenchyma, suggesting a role in grapevine fertilization. Antimicrobial tests showed that VvAMP2 inhibits the growth of B. cinerea, but not of other fungal pathogens, nor bacteria. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of B. cinerea cells treated with VvAMP2 revealed that this defensin is first internalized and then leads to membrane permeabilization, suggesting that membrane damage is a secondary effect of this plant defensin. To identify possible intracellular targets of VvAMP2, its inhibitory action was tested on 54 B. cinerea mutants, with deletions in key signalling genes. The ΔBcATF1 transcription factor mutant, impaired in regulation of cell wall and oxidative stress genes, completely lost sensitivity to VvAMP2. Mutants lacking the Rho‐type GTPase BcCDC42, the G protein‐coupled receptor BcGPR3 and the putative scaffold protein BcBEM1, showed very low sensitivity.
Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator‐activated Receptor Gamma Leads to Upregulation of ESE‐3 Expression in Human Monocyte‐derived Dendritic Cells
Authors: Sprater F. , Azeem W. , Appel S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe transcription factor ESE‐3 has been suggested to be involved in regulating the immunogenicity of human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (moDCs). While ESE‐3 is not expressed in monocytes, it is upregulated during the differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells (DCs) and highly expressed in immunogenic DCs while downregulated in tolerogenic DCs. Activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ) during DC development has been shown to result in a rather tolerogenic cell population. In this study, we identified eight PPAR‐γ binding sites upstream of the ESE‐3 gene. Activation of the PPAR‐γ pathway with synthetic PPAR‐γ ligands during moDC generation resulted in upregulation of ESE‐3b expression on mRNA and protein level, phenotypic alterations and reduced capacity of the cells to stimulate allogeneic T cells. This could be inhibited by blocking the PPAR‐γ pathway with specific antagonists. Our results suggest PPAR‐γ to be involved in the regulation of ESE‐3b expression during moDC development and that ESE‐3 expression is not correlated with the immunogenicity of DCs.
Serum Vitamin D Levels and VDR Polymorphisms (BsmI and FokI) in Patients and their Household Contacts Susceptible to Tuberculosis
Authors: Joshi L. , Ponnana M. , Penmetsa S. R. , Nallari P. , Valluri V. , Gaddam S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVitamin D, an immunomodulator of macrophage function, can activate human antimycobacterial activity. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with an impaired mycobacterial immunity and susceptibility to tuberculosis. It has been found that vitamin D and its receptor may be essential for immune function. In this study, we examined the serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels and its receptor (VDR) polymorphisms with susceptibility to tuberculosis in patients, household contacts and healthy controls. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels were measured in 75 cases (25 patients, 25 household contacts and 25 healthy controls), and polymorphisms (BsmI and FokI) were carried out in 335 cases (110 patients, 110 household contacts and 115 healthy controls). The proportion of serum 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was high in patients (44, 58%) and household contacts (40, 48%) compared to controls (48%). The BB and Bb genotypes of BsmI were significantly associated in patients (P < 0.014; OR: 0.509; CI: 0.265–0.876) (P < 0.001; OR: 2.351; CI: 1.368–4.041) and household contacts (P < 0.04; OR: 0.575; CI: 0.336–0.985); (P < 0.002; OR: −2.267; CI: 1.32–3.895) when compared to healthy controls. The diplotype and MDR analysis showed the high‐risk genotypes of BsmI and FokI polymorphisms. Vitamin D deficiency and its association with VDR gene polymorphisms may be useful to identify the high‐risk group individuals.
Treatment effectiveness of PMTO for children's behavior problems in Iceland: Assessing parenting practices in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sigmarsdóttir Margrét , Degarmo David S. , Forgatch Marion S. , Guðmundsdóttir Edda Vikar 
Published: November 2013

Findings are presented from an Icelandic randomized control trial (RCT) evaluating parent management training – Oregon model (PMTO™), a parent training intervention designed to improve parenting practices and reduce child behavior problems. In a prior report from this effectiveness study that focused on child outcomes, children in the PMTO condition showed greater reductions in reported child adjustment problems relative to the comparison group. The present report focuses on observed parenting practices as the targeted outcome, with risk by treatment moderators also tested. It was hypothesized that mothers assigned to the PMTO condition would show greater gains in pre‐post parenting practices relative to controls. The sample was recruited from five municipalities throughout Iceland and included 102 participating families of children with behavior problems. Cases were referred by community professionals and randomly assigned to either PMTO (n = 51) or community services usually offered (n = 51). Child age ranged from 5 to 12 years; 73% were boys. Contrary to expectations, findings showed no main effects for changes in maternal parenting. However, evaluation of risk by treatment moderators showed greater gains in parenting practices for mothers who increased in depressed mood within the PMTO group relative to their counterparts in the comparison group. This finding suggests that PMTO prevented the expected damaging effects of depression on maternal parenting. Failure to find hypothesized main effects may indicate that there were some unobserved factors regarding the measurement and a need to further adapt the global observational procedures to Icelandic culture.
Poly‐victimization and executive functions in junior college students
Authors: Li Yang , Dong Fanghong , Cao Fenglin , Cui Naixue , Li Jie , Long Zhouting 
Published: November 2013

This study sought to characterize executive dysfunctions in poly‐victimized students without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the relationship between neuropsychological and behavioral rating measures of executive functions (EFs). Based on self‐report data of exposure to victimization and PTSD symptoms, 259 junior college students aged 18–21 years were classified into four groups: poly‐victimization with PTSD symptoms (PVP), poly‐victimization without PTSD symptoms (PVnP), non‐poly‐victimization (nPV), and non‐victimization (nV). Respondents also completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function‐Adult Version (BRIEF‐A). Of the 259 participants, 131 were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB). The PVP group and the PVnP group performed worse than the nV group on most BRIEF‐A scales. When compared with the nPV group, the PVP group demonstrated poorer performance on the scales of Inhibit, Shift, Emotional Control, Initiate, and Working Memory, while the PVnP group performed more poorly on the Working Memory scale and the Task Monitor scale. For all BRIEF‐A scales, no significant differences were detected between the PVP group and the PVnP group. This study showed no between‐group differences for most of the neuropsychological tests except for the Stop Signal Task (SST), and no correlations between these two measures of EFs. Overall, we found evidence of an association between deficits in EFs and poly‐victimization. Although our study raises questions about the relationship between these two measures of EFs, it suggests that the use of the BRIEF‐A in conjunction with the CANTAB provides a more complete assessment of the executive dysfunctions.
Differentiation between Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli using heat‐shock protein 70 polymorphisms
Authors: Fraga Jorge , Fernandez‐Calienes Aymé , Montalvo Ana Margarita , Maes Ilse , Dujardin Jean‐Claude , Van der Auwera Gert 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveDifferential diagnosis of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi or T. rangeli is relevant for epidemiological studies and clinical practice as both species infect humans, but only T. cruzi causes Chagas' disease. Their common antigen determinants complicate the distinction between both species, while current PCR assays used for differentiation show some drawbacks. We developed and validated a generic PCR discriminating the species by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and a duplex PCR specifically amplifying a differently sized fragment of both species.MethodsThe assays are based upon a partial region of the heat‐shock protein 70 gene (hsp70). The analytical sensitivity and specificity were determined for both PCRs. The assays were analytically evaluated on a panel of six T. cruzi, one T. cruzi marinkellei and four T. rangeli strains, various other infectious pathogens, a panel of spiked samples of T. cruzi, and artificially mixed infections of T. cruzi and T. rangeli. Finally, the tools were applied on 36 additional isolates of Trypanosoma species.ResultsThe detection limit of the PCRs was between 0.05 and 0.5 parasite genomes, and 1–10 parasites spiked in 200 μl blood. In artificial mixtures, PCR–RFLP picked up both species in ratios up to 102 and duplex PCR up to 104. In the 36 isolates tested, both single and mixed infections were identified. All assays were shown to be specific.ConclusionOur PCRs show high potential for the differential diagnosis of T. cruzi and T. rangeli, which in view of their sensitivity can aid in the confirmation of infection with these parasites in vectors, reservoirs and clinical samples.