bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching Laboratory Medicine to Medical Students: Implementation and Evaluation
Authors: Molinaro Ross J. , Winkler Anne M. , Kraft Colleen S. , Fantz Corinne R. , Stowell Sean R. , Ritchie James C. , Koch David D. , Heron Sheryl , Liebzeit Jason , Santen Sally A. , Guarner Jeannette 
Published: October 2012

Context.—Laboratory medicine is an integral component of patient care. Approximately 60% to 70% of medical decisions are based on laboratory results. Physicians in specialties that order the tests are teaching medical students laboratory medicine and test use with minimal input from laboratory scientists who implement and maintain the quality control for those tests.Objective.—To develop, implement, and evaluate a 1.5-day medical student clinical laboratory experience for fourth-year medical students in their last month of training.Design.—The experience was devised and directed by laboratory scientists and included a panel discussion, laboratory tours, case studies that focused on the goals and objectives recently published by the Academy of Clinical Laboratory Physicians and Scientists, and medical-student presentations highlighting salient points of the experience. The same knowledge quiz was administered at the beginning and end of the experience and 84 students took both quizzes.Results.—A score of 7 or more was obtained by 16 students (19%) on the initial quiz, whereas 34 (40%) obtained the same score on the final quiz; the improvement was found to be statistically significant (P  =  .002; t  =  3.215), particularly in 3 out of the 10 questions administered.Conclusions.—Although the assessment can only measure a small amount of knowledge recently acquired, the improvement observed by fourth-year medical students devoting a short period to learning laboratory medicine principles was encouraging. This medical student clinical laboratory experience format allowed teaching of a select group of laboratory medicine principles in 1.5 days to an entire medical school class.
Bioprinted Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells Accelerate Healing of Large Skin Wounds
Authors: Skardal Aleksander , Mack David , Kapetanovic Edi , Atala Anthony , Jackson John D. , Yoo James , Soker Shay 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Stem cells obtained from amniotic fluid show high proliferative capacity in culture and multilineage differentiation potential. Because of the lack of significant immunogenicity and the ability of the amniotic fluid-derived stem (AFS) cells to modulate the inflammatory response, we investigated whether they could augment wound healing in a mouse model of skin regeneration. We used bioprinting technology to treat full-thickness skin wounds in nu/nu mice. AFS cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were resuspended in fibrin-collagen gel and “printed” over the wound site. At days 0, 7, and 14, AFS cell- and MSC-driven wound closure and re-epithelialization were significantly greater than closure and re-epithelialization in wounds treated by fibrin-collagen gel only. Histological examination showed increased microvessel density and capillary diameters in the AFS cell-treated wounds compared with the MSC-treated wounds, whereas the skin treated only with gel showed the lowest amount of microvessels. However, tracking of fluorescently labeled AFS cells and MSCs revealed that the cells remained transiently and did not permanently integrate in the tissue. These observations suggest that the increased wound closure rates and angiogenesis may be due to delivery of secreted trophic factors, rather than direct cell-cell interactions. Accordingly, we performed proteomic analysis, which showed that AFS cells secreted a number of growth factors at concentrations higher than those of MSCs. In parallel, we showed that AFS cell-conditioned media induced endothelial cell migration in vitro. Taken together, our results indicate that bioprinting AFS cells could be an effective treatment for large-scale wounds and burns.
Espérance de vie : diagnostics et pronostics concernant l’avenir des communautés francophones en Amérique
Authors: Aunger Edmund A. 
Published: October 2012

Quel est l’avenir des communautés francophones en Amérique ? Cet article présente les principales communautés francophones, documente l’évolution de leurs effectifs et fait des projections à partir des tendances observées. Il évalue également la condition actuelle de ces communautés en examinant les trois grands déterminants de la vitalité linguistique : les facteurs démographiques, les structures institutionnelles et les politiques linguistiques. Au Québec, la convergence positive de ces éléments inspire l’optimisme : les francophones jouissent d’une concentration territoriale, d’une complétude institutionnelle et d’un appui politique. Ailleurs au Canada, l’avenir reste incertain ; aux États-Unis, il est sombre.
Le déclin de l’Empire américain et l’avenir des francophonies en périphérie : le cas de la Saskatchewan
Authors: Denis Wilfrid B. 
Published: October 2012

La survie et l’épanouissement de la langue française au Canada aujourd’hui sont influencés par des tendances opposées : l’épanouissement et l’étiolement linguistiques. Ces tendances contradictoires sont autant mondiales que nationales. Ainsi dans certaines régions du Canada, et dans quelques parties du monde, le nombre de personnes parlant le français augmente. Au Canada, les droits des francophones s’accroissent sans cesse depuis les années 1960. Mais plusieurs régions à l’extérieur du Québec subissent des tendances démographiques inquiétantes qui conduisent à l’affaiblissement général des communautés et à la perte de la langue française. L’étude de cas type d’une région menacée, comme la Saskatchewan, devrait tenir compte de facteurs extérieurs qui influent sur les tendances internes de cette communauté. En particulier, ces facteurs doivent tenir compte des tendances mondiales concernant la langue française et de l’insertion de la Saskatchewan dans les contradictions du capitalisme avancé sous l’hégémonie américaine.
La santé et les minorités linguistiques : l’approche canadienne au regard de cas internationaux
Authors: Traisnel Christophe , Forgues Éric 
Published: October 2012

Dans notre article, nous présentons une analyse comparative de l’approche canadienne de l’enjeu de la santé pour les communautés francophones en situation minoritaire (CFSM). Nous montrons que l’État canadien a favorisé une démarche de concertation avec les acteurs communautaires. Notre analyse comparative nous a permis de dégager une typologie des politiques linguistiques en matière de santé destinées aux CFSM. Cette typologie permet de situer l’expérience canadienne par rapport à d’autres expériences, parfois proches, mais présentant des perspectives différentes, comme le montrent les cas finlandais, belge et états-unien. La « voie » canadienne paraît originale dans la mesure où elle semble se situer entre un modèle communautaire, à l’instar des pays européens, et un modèle individualisé, à l’instar de ce qui se fait aux États-Unis.
Littératie en matière de santé : des moyens novateurs de stimuler la prise en charge par la population francophone du nord-est du Nouveau-Brunswick
Authors: Boivin Nathalie ,   Réseau Communauté en santé de Bathurst
Published: October 2012

L’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) définit la promotion de la santé comme le processus qui confère aux populations les moyens d’assurer une plus grande maîtrise de leur propre santé et de l’améliorer. Or, comment parler de prise en charge de sa santé alors qu’une partie importante de la population francophone du nord-est du Nouveau-Brunswick ne possède pas le niveau minimal d’alphabétisation requis pour fonctionner dans notre société actuelle ? Une démarche habilitante auprès de cette population a été menée. Les résultats préliminaires sont exposés, dévoilant les avantages et les obstacles d’une campagne médiatique.
Health Care Spending After Initiating Sacubitril-Valsartan vs Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers for Heart Failure Treatment
Authors: Hwang Catherine S. , Desai Rishi J. , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Levin Raisa , Kattinakere Sreedhara Sushama , Rome Benjamin N. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceFor patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), treatment with sacubitril-valsartan, an angiotensin receptor−neprilysin inhibitor, has become increasingly preferred over angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). However, sacubitril-valsartan is much more expensive than generic ACE-I/ARBs. It is unknown whether the high cost of sacubitril-valsartan is offset by lower spending on hospitalizations and other treatments.ObjectiveTo compare total and out-of-pocket health care spending among Medicare beneficiaries initiating sacubitril-valsartan vs ACE-I/ARBs for HFrEF.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a cohort study using data from Medicare fee-for-service claims with propensity score matching of Medicare beneficiaries with HFrEF. Data analysis was performed from November 2022 to December 2023.ExposureInitiation of sacubitril-valsartan or an ACE-I/ARB. Patients were matched by propensity score based on 104 covariates, including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, baseline annual spending, and baseline use of health care services.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMean total and out-of-pocket health care expenditures during the 365 days after initiating sacubitril-valsartan or an ACE-I/ARB. Censoring for incomplete follow-up was addressed using Kaplan-Meier probability weighting. Cost differences, cost ratios, and 95% CIs were calculated using a nonparametric bootstrapping method with 500 samples drawn with replacement.ResultsAmong 13 755 matched pairs of Medicare patients with HFrEF (mean [SD] age, 77.5 [7.5] years; 5138 [39%] 80 years or older; 9949 females [36%] and 17 561 males [64%]), mean annual total health care spending per person was similar for sacubitril-valsartan initiators and ACE-I/ARB initiators (difference, $701; 95% CI, −$132 to $1593). Sacubitril-valsartan initiators had higher prescription drug costs (difference, $1911; 95% CI, $1704 to $2113), lower inpatient costs (difference, −$790; 95% CI, −$1468 to −$72), lower outpatient costs (difference, −$330; 95% CI, −$664 to −$11), and higher annual out-of-pocket spending (difference, $109; 95% CI, $13 to $208).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found that Medicare beneficiaries initiating sacubitril-valsartan to treat HFrEF had similar total health care spending as those initiating ACE-I/ARBs; higher prescription drug spending was offset by lower inpatient and outpatient spending. However, sacubitril-valsartan use was associated with higher patient out-of-pocket costs, which may exacerbate health disparities and limit access and affordability.
Meconium-Related Obstruction and Clinical Outcomes in Term and Preterm Infants
Authors: Rook Jordan M. , Chervu Nikhil , Calkins Kara L. , Benharash Peyman , DeUgarte Daniel A. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceTextbooks attribute 80% of meconium-related small bowel obstructions to cystic fibrosis and 15% of colonic obstructions to Hirschsprung disease. It is unknown whether these estimates are accurate, particularly among preterm infants, whose immature bowel predisposes them to meconium-related obstruction (MRO).ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of MRO by type and to assess its association with clinical outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study of live-born infants included in the National Inpatient Sample from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020, used survey weighting methods to estimate the national incidence of MRO by etiology. Data were analyzed from November 27, 2023, to November 12, 2024.ExposureMRO.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was diagnosis with MRO. Secondary outcomes included mortality, need for abdominal surgery, hospitalization duration, and cost. Multivariable regression models were developed to evaluate characteristics associated with MRO and to assess the association of MRO of prematurity with clinical outcomes after adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates.ResultsOf 3 550 796 infants, 51.2% were male and 46.7% were privately insured. Overall, 9.1% (n = 322 499) were born preterm. Of 1844 (0.1%) infants treated for MRO, 41 (2.2%) had cystic fibrosis, 60 (3.3%) had Hirschsprung disease, and 1743 (94.5%) had neither predisposing condition. Preterm infants were at highest risk for MRO, with 4.7 MRO cases per 100 000 births associated with cystic fibrosis, 4.7 MRO cases per 100 000 births associated with Hirschsprung disease, and 187.3 MRO cases per 100 000 births associated with neither predisposing condition. Among infants with neither cystic fibrosis nor Hirschsprung disease, those with gestational ages from 28 weeks to 31 weeks 6 days were most likely to develop MRO compared with term infants (adjusted odds ratio, 6.08 [95% CI, 4.27-8.67]). Among preterm infants, having an MRO was associated with a 4.2 percentage point increase in the probability of abdominal surgery (95% CI, 3.1-5.4 percentage points), a 7.3-day increase in length of stay (95% CI, 5.8-8.8 days), and a $23 215 increase in hospitalization costs (95% CI, $17 739-$28 690) compared with infants who did not have an obstruction, with no change in mortality rate (0.1 percentage point change [95% CI, −0.6 to 0.8 percentage points]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of over 3.5 million infants, MRO was most likely to occur among preterm infants without cystic fibrosis or Hirschsprung disease. These infants more frequently required surgery and had longer and more costly hospitalizations, indicating a need for dedicated prevention and treatment pathways for this understudied disease.
The Role of Fluorine‐Functionalized Organic Spacers for Defect Passivation and Low‐Dimensional Phase Formation in 3D MAPI Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Semerci Ali , Urieta‐Mora Javier , Driessen Sander , Buyruk Ali , Hooijer Rik , Molina‐Ontoria Agustín , Alkan Bülent , Akin Seckin , Fanetti Mattia , Balakrishnan Harishankar , Hartschuh Achim , Tao Shuxia , Martín Nazario , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Emin Saim , Ameri Tayebeh 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWidespread application of organic‐inorganic halide perovskites (OIHP) still faces a major obstacle in mitigating moisture‐induced degradation. Integrating organic spacers, as defect passivation facilitators along with low‐dimensional phase (LDP) formation is an effective approach to enhance the efficiency and robustness of 3D methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPI) in photovoltaics (PV). Here, the formamidinium cation (FA+) employing 3,5‐difluorobenzene‐1‐carboximidamidium iodide (2F), 4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzene‐1‐carboximidamidium iodide (3F), and 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzene‐1‐carboximidamidium iodide (5F) organic spacers as passivation layer in 3D/LDP OIHP solar cells is utilized. Fluorine atom position and quantity in organic spacers change the optoelectronic characteristics of the perovskites, enhancing hydrophobicity, facilitating LDP formation, and augmenting dipole moments, thereby facilitating charge separation processes. PV performance analysis reveals that 3F‐treated 3D/LDP devices achieve the highest efficiency of 19.22%. Experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) studies attribute the higher performance of 3F‐modified devices to effective LDP formation, enhanced passivation of defect states at perovskite surfaces and grain boundaries, the highest dipole moment and lowest band gap among the evaluated spacers. The stability tests show that, after 1000 h, 3F‐ and 5F‐modified 3D/LDP OIHP devices retain over 85% of their initial efficiency. This research opens novel avenues for designing appropriate organic spacers to attenuate defects in 3D/LDP PV devices.
Record Efficiency of β‐Phase PVDF‐MXene Composites in Thin‐Film Dielectric Capacitors
Authors: FitzPatrick James , Bera Sumit , Inman Alex , Cabrera Alessandra , Zhang Teng , Parker Tetiana , Mohammadlou Bita Soltan , Roslyk Iryna , Ippolito Stefano , Shevchuk Kateryna , Kadam Sujit A. , Pradhan Nihar R. , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPolyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a semicrystalline polymer used in thin‐film dielectric capacitors because of its inherently high dielectric constant and low loss tangent. Its dielectric constant can be increased by the formation and alignment of its β‐phase crystalline structure, which can be facilitated by 2D nanofillers. 2D carbides and nitrides, MXenes, are promising candidates due to their notable dielectric permittivity and ability to increase interfacial polarization. Still, their mixing is challenging due to weak interfacial interactions and poor dispersibility of MXenes in PVDF. This work explores a novel method for delaminating Ti3C2Tx MXene directly into organic solvents while maintaining flake size and quality, as well as the use of a non‐solvent‐induced phase separation method for producing both dense and porous PVDF‐MXene composite films. A deeper understanding of dielectric behavior in these composites is reached by examining MXenes with both mixed and pure chlorine terminations in PVDF matrices. Thin‐film capacitors fabricated from these composites display ultrahigh discharge energy density, exceeding 45 J cm−3 with 95% efficiency. The PVDF‐MXene composites are also processed using a green and sustainable solvent, propylene carbonate.
Neural Network‐Assisted End‐to‐End Design for Full Light Field Control of Meta‐Optics
Authors: Chi Hanbin , Hu Yueqiang , Ou Xiangnian , Jiang Yuting , Yu Dian , Lou Shaozhen , Wang Quan , Xie Qiong , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Duan Huigao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMeta‐optics, with unique light‐matter interactions and extensive design space, underpins versatile and compact optical devices through flexible multi‐parameter light field control. However, conventional designs struggle with the intricate interdependencies of nano‐structural complex responses across wavelengths and polarizations at a system level, hindering high‐performance full‐light field control. Here, a neural network‐assisted end‐to‐end design framework that facilitates global, gradient‐based optimization of multifunctional meta‐optics layouts for full light field control is proposed. Its superiority over separated design is showcased by utilizing the limited design space for multi‐wavelength‐polarization holography with enhanced performance (e.g., ≈6 × structural similarity index experimentally). By harnessing the dispersive full‐parameter Jones matrix, orthogonal tri‐polarization multi‐wavelength‐depth holography is further demonstrated, breaking conventional channel limitations. To highlight its versatility, non‐orthogonal polarizations (>3) are showcased for arbitrary polarized‐spectral multi‐information processing applications in display, imaging, and computing. The comprehensive framework elevates light field control in meta‐optics, delivering superior performance, enhanced functionality, and improved reliability, thereby paving the way for next‐generation intelligent optical technologies.
Anti‐icing Performance of Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Periodic Micro‐nano Structures Directly Induced by Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Li Zhenyu , Li Shang , Su Xuan , He Zhongyuan , Gu Junyi , Diao Yan , Xu Jie , Guo Bin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHerein, this paper presents a simple and unique method for the fabrication of superhydrophobic and anti‐icing stainless steel surfaces by using femtosecond laser. Femtosecond laser is used to etch the stainless steel surface with the single‐line array, inducing the generation of periodic micro‐nano structures on the laser scanning path. Then the surface energy of the specimen is lowered with fluoroalkyl silane solution to ultimately obtain the superhydrophobic sample surface with excellent anti‐icing properties. The contact angle of the modified sample surface reaches up to 154°, and the rolling angle is only 4°, showing excellent superhydrophobicity. Moreover, the surface can effectively delay the freezing time of water droplets. The freezing time of the water droplet is extended by 122% compared with the original surface which is only polished, and the ice adhesion strength of the water droplet after complete freezing is only 19.4 kPa. This study provides a simple method for preparing superhydrophobic and anti‐icing surfaces by single‐line array femtosecond laser etching, which eliminates the complicated steps of hydrophobic pattern designing and multiple processing processes. It also provides a new idea for the preparation of superhydrophobic and anti‐icing surfaces in the field of femtosecond laser etching.
Burn‐Induced Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Aggravates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Tryptophan‐Kynurenine Mediated AHR Pathway Activation
Authors: Gao Shan , Leng Yan , Qiu Zhen , Li Kai , Li Jun , Peng Jian , Xie Weiguo , Lei Shaoqing , Xia Zhongyuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe hypermetabolic response associated with burns is characterized by skeletal muscle atrophy and an increased incidence of disability and death. Significant remodeling of the gut microbiota occurs after severe burn trauma. However, the specific mechanisms by which gut microbiota contribute to burn‐induced muscle atrophy remain unexplored. The results showed that the disruption of the gut microbiota exacerbated skeletal muscle atrophy. Fecal metabolite analysis revealed perturbations, primarily within the tryptophan (Trp) metabolic pathway. Animal models further demonstrated that gut microbiota disorder enhanced the expression of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO‐1) in the colon, ultimately resulting in Trp depletion and increased kynurenine (Kyn) levels in the serum and skeletal muscle. Excessive colonic Kyn is released into circulation, transported into skeletal muscle cells, and binds to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), consequently triggering AHR nuclear translocation and initiating the transcription of skeletal muscle atrophy‐related genes. Notably, serum samples from patients with burns exhibited Trp depletion, and Trp supplementation alleviated skeletal muscle atrophy in rats with burns. This study, for the first time, demonstrates that gut microbiota dysbiosis upregulates colonic IDO‐1, promotes Trp‐Kyn metabolism, and exacerbates burn‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy, suggesting that Trp supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy.
Selenium Electrophilic Center Responsive to Biological Electron Donors for Efficient Chemotherapy
Authors: Qin Xiaoyu , Guo Junxian , Li Hui , He Hanlong , Cai Fei , Chen Xinyan , Chen Mingkai , Chen Tianfeng , Ma Li 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDesigning drugs to intelligently respond to different ratio of biological electron donors/receptors in cancer cells and normal cells is a promising strategy to achieve highly effective and less toxic chemotherapy. Herein by employing metal center to active the selenium‐containing electrophilic center drug Ru(phtpy‐NO2)(phenSe)Cl (RuSe) with strongly polarization characteristics are synthesized which can efficiently shuttle electrons from biological electron donors to convert to oxidative stress. The rate of electron transfer at the selenium electrophilic center is 1.81 times higher in cancer cell environments compared to normal cell environments. This results in the selenium electrophilic center being 14.98 times more lethal to cancer cells than to normal cells. Experimental results demonstrate that the transport of electrons process is carried out via selenium radicals intermediate and the rate of electron transport is positively correlated with the polarization properties of the electrophilic center atoms. The selenium electrophilic center transports bioactive electrons to generate a large number of superoxide anions leading to DNA damage and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential which further activates the p53 signaling pathway and amplifies the cancer cell‐killing effect after transporting bioactive electrons. This work provides a new avenue for the design of efficient and less toxic chemotherapeutic agents.