bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and severity of cerebral palsy: a cross‐sectional study in 255 children in Norway
Authors: Lien Espen , Andersen Guro L , Bao Yongde , Gordish‐Dressman Heather , Skranes Jon S , Vik Torstein , Blackman James A 
Published: February 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to examine whether the presence of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) allele APOEε4 is associated with less severe manifestations of cerebral palsy (CP), consistent with the suggested beneficial effect of this allele on neurodevelopment in children.MethodApoE genotyping was performed on buccal epithelial cells from 255 children (141 males 114 females; mean age 12y, SD 2y 3mo, range 9–17y) recorded in the Cerebral Palsy Register of Norway. The main outcome measure of CP severity was the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Secondary outcome measures were fine motor function, epilepsy, and the need for gastrostomy tube feeding (GTF).ResultsThere was no association between the APOEε4 genotype and GMFCS levels (odds ratio [OR] 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66–1.99). However, the APOEε4 genotype was more often present among children with epilepsy (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1–4.2) and/or receiving GTF (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.1–6.6). Among children with unilateral CP, the presence of APOEε4 was associated with more severe fine motor impairment (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.3–6.9).InterpretationOur main hypothesis that APOEε4 would have a protective effect on neurodevelopment was not supported. Instead, subgroup analyses suggested an adverse effect of the APOEε4 genotype on the developing brain after injury.
Cosmopolitanization in action: connecting scales in international environmental organizations
Authors: MAUZ ISABELLE , DEBARBIEUX BERNARD , GRANJOU CÉLINE 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this article we analyse how professionals in two international environmental organizations (IEOs) concerned with biodiversity act as ‘entrepreneurs of cosmopolitanization’ by establishing connections between the various scales they mobilize in their daily work. Drawing on an empirical survey, we show that these professionals mobilize a range of activities to meet a twofold requirement. The first requirement is for universality, which corresponds to their status, their determination to adopt a scientific approach and to the scale at which they initially defined the problem of biodiversity loss. The second requirement is to embed in specific contexts. Tension between these two types of requirement is inevitable. It is inherent in the cosmopolitan perspective and leads to contextual arrangements between the global approach to environmental problems and the forging of alliances with national, regional or local institutions and actors, according to opportunities and requirements. Connecting the various scales of environmental action unavoidably remains a partially achieved objective.
Pegylated versus standard interferon plus ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Aljumah Abdulrahman A. , Murad Mohammad Hassan 
Published: February 2013

AimTreatment of hepatitis C genotype 4 (HCV‐G4) with pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) has not been adequately studied and is considered to be challenging. The aim of this meta‐analysis is to systematically review and evaluate the effectiveness of 48 weeks of combined PEG IFN plus ribavirin (RBV) compared to standard interferon (IFN) plus RBV. The outcome of interest is sustained virological response (SVR).MethodsWe searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCT) through May 2012. Random effects meta‐analysis was used to pool the risk ratio (RR) of achieving SVR across trials.ResultsFive RCT enrolling 386 patients were included. The PEG IFN/RBV group had increased likelihood of achieving SVR (RR = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–2.10). SVR was significantly higher in PEG IFN‐α‐2a compared to the ‐α‐2b group (P = 0.02). There was no statistically significant effect of ribavirin dosage on SVR (P = 0.55). The quality of evidence was moderate overall and limited by heterogeneity.ConclusionIn treatment‐naive patients with HCV‐G4, treatment with PEG IFN plus RBV achieves higher SVR rate than treatment with IFN plus RBV.
Regenerative potential following revascularization of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps
Authors: Tawfik H. , Abu‐Seida A. M. , Hashem A. A. , Nagy M. M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo assess the regenerative potential of immature teeth with necrotic pulps following revascularization procedure in dogs.MethodologyNecrotic pulps and periapical pathosis were created by infecting 108 immature teeth, with 216 root canals in nine mongrel dogs. Teeth were divided into three equal groups according to the evaluation period. Each group was further subdivided into six subgroups according to the treatment protocol including MTA apical plug, revascularization protocol, revascularization enhanced with injectable scaffold, MTA over empty canal. All root canals were disinfected with a triple antibiotic paste prior to revascularization with the exception of control subgroups. After disinfection, the root length, thickness and apical diameter were measured from radiographs. Histological evaluation was used to assess the inflammatory reaction, soft and hard tissue formation.ResultsIn the absence of revascularization, the length and thickness of the root canals did not change over time. The injectable scaffold and growth factor was no more effective than a revascularization procedure to promote tooth development following root canal revascularization. The tissues formed in the root canals resembled periodontal tissues.ConclusionThe revascularization procedure allowed the continued development of roots in teeth with necrotic pulps.
Expression of angiogenesis‐related gene profiles and development of resistance to tyrosine‐kinase inhibitor in advanced renal cell carcinoma: Characterization of sorafenib‐resistant cells derived from a cutaneous metastasis
Authors: Karashima Takashi , Fukuhara Hideo , Tamura Kenji , Ashida Shingo , Kamada Masayuki , Inoue Keiji , Taguchi Takahiro , Kuroda Naoto , Shuin Taro 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the potential mechanism of development of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in renal cell carcinoma.MethodsA primary culture of renal cell carcinoma cells (KMRM‐S2) was established from an advanced renal cell carcinoma patient with cutaneous metastasis, who had not responded to sorafenib. A total of 84 human angiogenesis‐related genes were compared between cutaneous metastasis and the primary tumor by real time polymerase chain reaction. Spectral karyotyping and cell proliferation assay were carried out to determine the biological features of the cells.ResultsPrimary tumor was histopathologically diagnosed as high‐grade clear cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid change and rhabdoid features. The cutaneous metastasis also consisted of sarcomatoid components. Expression levels of many angiogenesis‐related genes in the cutaneous metastasis were relatively higher than those of primary tumor. Chromosomal analysis of the KMRM‐S2 showed cytogenetic abnormalities with hypertriploidy and translocation. In vitro proliferation assay showed the relatively higher resistance of KMRM‐S2 against sorafenib.ConclusionsThe sarcomatoid change and rhabdoid features of renal cell carcinoma with cytogenetic hyperploidy might be associated with elevated expression of angiogenesis‐related genes, which leads to resistance against tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The present study might contribute to discovering novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Predictors and adverse outcomes of inadequate or excessive gestational weight gain in an Asian population
Authors: Koh Huishan , Ee Tat Xin , Malhotra Rahul , Allen John Carson , Tan Thiam Chye , Østbye Truls 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess maternal characteristics as predictors of inadequate or excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and to characterize maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with inadequate or excessive GWG in Asian women.Material and MethodsA study was conducted among 1166 Chinese, Malay, and Indian women who delivered a live singleton infant at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors and maternal and neonatal outcomes of inadequate or excessive GWG, relative to adequate (recommended) GWG.ResultsWhile maternal age less than 20 years, Malay ethnicity and underweight pre‐pregnancy body mass index increased the risk of inadequate GWG, overweight pre‐pregnancy body mass index decreased this risk. Tall stature and Malay ethnicity were associated with an increased risk of excessive GWG, while maternal age greater than 30 years was associated with a decreased risk. Inadequate GWG increased the risk of preterm birth and decreased the risk of delivery by cesarean section and postpartum weight retention at 6 months. Excessive GWG increased the risk of delivery by cesarean section, postpartum weight retention at 6, 12 and 24 months and having a high‐birthweight baby.ConclusionMaternal predictors and perinatal outcomes of GWG among Asian women are similar to those identified previously among Caucasian, African‐American and Hispanic women.
Design and evaluation of an image‐guidance system for robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Thompson Stephen , Penney Graeme , Billia Michele , Challacombe Ben , Hawkes David , Dasgupta Prokar 
Published: February 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Systems for image guidance during laparoscopic surgery can be broadly defined as systems that enable the surgeon to refer to preoperatively gathered information during the procedure. For a laparoscopic system the preoperative information can be overlaid onto the laparoscopic video screen. Examples of surgical image‐guidance systems and the results of early testing are not uncommon but the technical methodologies used vary widely as do the visualisation methods.
This study reports our experience of using an image‐guidance system on 13 patients. Furthermore, we use previously proposed methodology to form a development and evaluation framework specific to image‐guided laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Finally, we propose that if the system development process is properly designed, it should be possible to correlate system technical parameters with clinical outcomes. We present a possible plot for the key technical parameter of accuracy. Better understanding of this correlation should enable robust development and evaluation of surgical image‐guidance systems to optimise patient outcomes.
Objective
To implement and test the feasibility of an image‐guidance system for robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Laparoscopic surgical outcomes may be improved through image guidance. However, to demonstrate improved outcomes rigorous evaluation techniques are required. Therefore we also present our work in establishing robust evaluation techniques.
Patients and Methods
Development work used three cadavers and an anatomy phantom. The system has been used on 13 patients.
During surgery the surgeon can refer to the patient's magnetic resonance imaging (collected before the operation) overlaid on the endoscopic video image.
The result of the overlay process was measured qualitatively by the surgeon with reference to the desired clinical outcomes.
Results
The use of the overlay system has not resulted in any measurable change in clinical outcomes.
The surgeons found the system to be a useful tool for reference during surgery.
A more rigorous evaluation method is proposed that will enable on‐going development.
Conclusion
Image guidance during RARP is feasible. We propose a series of measures that will improve further development and evaluation.
Pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle‐invasive micropapillary bladder cancer
Authors: Meeks Joshua J. , Taylor Jennifer M. , Matsushita Kazuhito , Herr Harry W. , Donat S. Machele , Bochner Bernard H. , Dalbagni Guido 
Published: February 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Micropapillary bladder cancer is a high grade variant with poor prognosis. There is no consensus about patients with micropapillary bladder cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but many suggest that radical cystectomy should not be delayed.
Data from this study suggest that patients with micropapillary bladder cancer have a similar rate of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy to that of patients with urothelial carcinoma. If these patients have pT0 disease, their survival is significantly improved at 2 years.
Objective
To describe the pathological outcomes of patients with muscle‐invasive micropapillary bladder cancer who have undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Patients and Methods
A total of 82 patients with muscle‐invasive micropapillary bladder cancer were treated between 1997 and 2010.
After excluding those with metastatic disease, micropapillary histology only at radical cystectomy (RC), and chemo‐radiation as primary treatment, 44 patients remained. All patients had ≥cT2 disease before chemotherapy/surgery.
The median follow‐up after RC was 28 months.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was initiated in 29 (66%) patients and all patients underwent RC (93%) or partial cystectomy (7%).
Results
Micropapillary histology was diagnosed at first transurethral resection in 37 (84%) patients. Final RC pathology revealed pT0 in 15 (34%) patients and positive lymph nodes in 13 (31%) patients.
Down‐staging to pT0 occurred in 13 (45%) of those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared with two (13%) of those who did not (P = 0.049).
Patients with pT0 disease with micropapillary histology had higher overall survival rates (25 vs. 92%) and lower rates of bladder cancer recurrence (21 vs. 79%) at the 24‐month follow‐up.
Conclusions
Almost half of the patients responded completely to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a pT0 rate of 45%; therefore, patients with the micropapillary variant of urothelial carcinoma should not be excluded from consideration for neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Risk of Long‐Term Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Following Drug‐Eluting Stent Implantation in Octogenarians
Authors: MATSUMI JUNYA , TAKESHITA SATOSHI , SHISHIDO KOKI , SUGITATSU KAZUYA , MIZUNO SHINGO , SUENAGA HIDETAKA , TANAKA YUTAKA , TAKAHASHI SAEKO , SAITO SHIGERU 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the risk of long‐term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) following drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation in octogenarians.BackgroundDES implantation requires DAT; however, DAT‐associated risk in octogenarians remains unclear.MethodsTwo‐hundred and six consecutive octogenarians (130 men, 83.3 ± 3.4 years) underwent stent implantation (104 bare metal stents [BMSs] and 102 DESs) and 38.0 ± 13.2 months of follow‐up.ResultsSignificantly more DES patients received DAT. The incidence of bleeding events was similar in the DES and BMS groups for 1 year (total: 10.8% vs 5.8%, P = 0.19; major: 4.9% vs 2.9%, P = 0.70). However, after 2 years, significantly more bleeding events occurred in the DES group than the BMS group (total: 2 years, 21.6% vs 9.6%, P = 0.02; 3 years, 29.4% vs 11.5%, P = 0.001; 4 years, 31.4% vs 15.4%, P = 0.007; major: 2 years, 12.7% vs 3.8%, P = 0.04; 3 years, 18.6% vs 5.8%, P = 0.005; 4 years, 19.6% vs 6.7%, P = 0.006). Overall, significantly more total bleeding events (31.4% vs 15.4%, P = 0.007) and major bleeding events (19.2% vs 6.7%, P = 0.006) were observed in the DES group than in the BMS group. The adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were as follows: total bleeding events, 2.203 (95% CI: 1.065–4.556; P = 0.033); major bleeding events, 4.324 (1.506–12.414; P = 0.007).ConclusionsDAT was associated with an increased risk of bleeding events in octogenarians after 2 years. DAT discontinuation should be considered for octogenarians 1‐year post‐DES implantation. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:114–122)
Would Tirofiban Have Been Shown Non‐Inferior to Abciximab Had the TENACITY Trial Not Been Terminated for Financial Reasons?
Authors: BERGER PETER B. , WILLIAMS JUDSON B. , HASSELBLAD VIC , CHISWELL KAREN , PIEPER KAREN S. , CALIFF ROBERT M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether tirofiban would have been non‐inferior to abciximab had the trial completed enrollment and place the termination of this trial in a broader research ethics context.BackgroundTENACITY was terminated by the sponsor for financial reasons. At the time, event rates for the 2 treatment arms were unknown.MethodsTENACITY was designed to compare tirofiban with abciximab in approximately 8,000 patients; however, enrollment was terminated after 383 (4.8%) patients. The primary end‐point was a composite of 30‐day death, myocardial infarction, and urgent target vessel revascularization. Non‐inferiority was defined as the likelihood that tirofiban would preserve at least 50% of the ability of abciximab to reduce the primary end‐point at 30 days, based on abciximab's demonstrated ability to reduce such events by 43% (relative risk, 0.573; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.507–0.648; P < 0.001). To determine the probability of non‐inferiority given the patients already enrolled, a Bayesian approach was used.ResultsThe primary composite end‐point occurred in 8.8% of patients randomized to abciximab versus 6.9% receiving high‐bolus‐dose tirofiban (odds ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.37–1.64). The estimated conditional power for the test that tirofiban would be non‐inferior to abciximab if all patients been enrolled is 93.7%. Using the estimated predictive power method, the likelihood was 84.8%.ConclusionsTENACITY was well powered to identify non‐inferiority with tirofiban versus abciximab, and the patients enrolled strengthened the probability that this would have been the outcome had the trial been completed. When a clinical trial is terminated solely for financial reasons, it is incumbent upon the sponsor to provide proper patient follow‐up and publication of the findings. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:123–130)
Involvement of presenilin holoprotein upregulation in calcium dyshomeostasis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Honarnejad Kamran , Jung Christian K.E. , Lammich Sven , Arzberger Thomas , Kretzschmar Hans , Herms Jochen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMutations in presenilins (PS1 and PS2) account for the vast majority of early onset familial Alzheimer's disease cases. Beside the well investigated role of presenilins as the catalytic unit in γ‐secretase complex, their involvement in regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis has recently come into more focus of Alzheimer's disease research. Here we report that the overexpression of PS1 full‐length holoprotein forms, in particular familial Alzheimer's disease‐causing forms of PS1, result in significantly attenuated calcium release from thapsigargin‐ and bradykinin‐sensitive stores. Interestingly, treatment of HEK293 cells with γ‐secretase inhibitors also leads to decreased amount of calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accompanying elevated PS1 holoprotein levels. Similarly, the knockdown of PEN‐2 which is associated with deficient PS1 endoproteolysis and accumulation of its holoprotein form also leads to decreased ER calcium release. Notably, we detected enhanced PS1 holoprotein levels also in postmortem brains of patients carrying familial Alzheimer's disease PS1 mutations. Taken together, the conditions in which the amount of full length PS1 holoprotein is increased result in reduction of calcium release from ER. Based on these results, we propose that the disturbed ER calcium homeostasis mediated by the elevation of PS1 holoprotein levels may be a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Self‐reported depressive symptoms in women hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Sanner J. E. , Frazier L. , Udtha M. 
Published: February 2013

Accessible summary
Depressive symptoms are common in women hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome, but symptom experience and severity may differ across a women's lifetime.
Tiredness or fatigue, loss of energy and sleep disturbances were the three depressive symptoms most frequently reported by depressed women, hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome, across all age groups.
These results stress the need to further understand the complexity of depressive symptoms in women with cardiovascular disease.
AbstractThe purpose of this cross‐sectional observational study was to explore depressive symptoms, among 377 women, during hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Women were screened for depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II). Pearson chi‐squared tests for independence were used for comparisons between categorical variables and t‐tests for independent samples were used for comparisons between continuous variables. Tukey's honestly significant difference test along with one‐way anova test was used to conduct multiple comparisons between the three defined age groups ranging from 29–49, 50–64 to ≥65 years. A total of 118 women screened positive for depression (BDI‐II score ≥ 14). The percentage of women that met the criteria for a positive depression screening was significantly different between the three age groups. The proportion of depressed women who reported feelings of sadness, past failures, punishment, self‐dislike, agitation, worthlessness, sleep disturbances and irritability varied significantly by age group. Study findings indicate that symptom experience and severity may differ across a lifetime. These results support the need to understand the complexity of depressive symptoms experienced by women. The ability to understand and recognize depressive symptoms in women, with ACS, may assist healthcare professionals with the management of a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor.
Calcium Dynamics in Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: Amberg Gregory C. , Navedo Manuel F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSmooth muscle cells are ultimately responsible for determining vascular luminal diameter and blood flow. Dynamic changes in intracellular calcium are a critical mechanism regulating vascular smooth muscle contractility. Processes influencing intracellular calcium are therefore important regulators of vascular function with physiological and pathophysiological consequences. In this review we discuss the major dynamic calcium signals identified and characterized in vascular smooth muscle cells. These signals vary with respect to their mechanisms of generation, temporal properties, and spatial distributions. The calcium signals discussed include calcium waves, junctional calcium transients, calcium sparks, calcium puffs, and L‐type calcium channel sparklets. For each calcium signal we address underlying mechanisms, general properties, physiological importance, and regulation.
The Effect of Cancer on Suicide among Elderly Holocaust Survivors
Authors: Nakash Ora , Liphshitz Irena , Keinan‐Boker Lital , Levav Itzhak 
Published: February 2013

Jewish‐Israelis of European origin with cancer have higher suicide rates relative to their counterparts in the general population. We investigated whether this effect results from the high proportion of Holocaust survivors among them, due to vulnerabilities arising from the earlier traumas they sustained. The study was based on all Jewish‐European persons with cancer, 60 years and over, diagnosed in Israel between 1999 and 2007. The standardized incidence ratios were not significantly different between the exposed and nonexposed groups (men: 0.90, 95% CI 0.60–1.19; women: 0.95, 95% CI 0.55–1.37). Past exposure to maximum adversity did not increase the suicide risk among persons with cancer.