bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CMOS transceiver for implantable cardioverter telemetry service
Authors: Kim Jin‐Sup , Choi Se‐Hwan , Shin Hyunchol 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA CMOS transceiver is designed and fabricated for implantable cardioverter telemetry service. For the image rejection, a complex filter is used in the receiver instead of the conventional image rejection mixer type. Low power consumption is essential for the implantable medical service, thus the RF blocks such as the low noise amplifier, voltage controlled oscillator, and frequency synthesizer are designed by focusing on the low power operation. The transceiver is implemented in 0.18‐µm CMOS process, and operates with a single 1.8‐V supply. The sensitivity is −85 dBm. The phase noise characteristic of frequency synthesizer is −87 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset frequency. Maximum output power of the transmitter is −2.8 dBm. The transceiver achieves 500 kbps maximum data rate with 22 mW power consumption. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2580–2582, 2014
Refractive index sensor based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer formed by two cascaded single mode fiber corners
Authors: Shi Qingguo , Chen Daru , Jiang Xiaogang , Peng Baojin , Lei Xueqin 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWe reported a novel fiber sensor based on two cascaded single mode fiber corners, which has a high sensitivity for refractive index (RI) sensing and a low temperature crosstalk. RI sensing was experimentally demonstrated with an average sensitivity of 235 nm/RI unit in a RI range from 1.333 to 1.418, which is relatively high among the previously reported similar fiber sensors (e.g., it is about 10 times higher than that of the normal two or three‐cascaded‐taper based Mach–Zehnder interferometer). The proposed RI sensor was fabricated by fiber fusion splicer, where the fiber corner was fabricated by splicing the two overlapping single mode fibers, which ensures that the proposed RI sensor is compact and strong. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2642–2645, 2014
Extremely UWB/multiresonance monopole antenna with dual band‐notched function
Authors: Ebadzadeh S. R. , Nourinia J. , Ghobadi Ch. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, a new design of multiresonance ultrawideband microstrip monopole antenna with dual band‐notched function is presented. The proposed antenna consists of an elliptical ground plane, a tapered microstrip feed‐line, and a circular radiating patch with an arc‐shaped slot and a pair of step‐shaped slits. The measured results reveal that the presented antenna offers a very wide bandwidth which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 170% (2.2–28.4) with two notched bands that covering all the 5.2/5.8 GHz wireless local area network, and 4 GHz C‐bands. The designed antenna has small dimensions and is easy to fabricate. Simulated and experimental results for the designed antenna show that the proposed monopole antenna has good radiation behaviour within its operation frequency band. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2628–2630, 2014
Design of tunable optimal load circuit for maximum wireless power transfer efficiency
Authors: Jung Youn‐Kwon , Lee Bomson 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA tunable optimal load circuit (OLC) for maximum wireless power transfer efficiency is presented for a magnetically coupled resonant system at 13.56 MHz. The OLC is required to transform the standardized 50 Ω receiver impedance to an optimal load to achieve maximum efficiency without using cumbersome feeding loops. The OLC based on a lumped‐element impedance converter is fabricated on a FR‐4 substrate. The size of the OLC is 25 × 50 mm. The series branch of the OLC is composed of a tunable series capacitor block and an inductor. The shunt branch of the OLC consists of a varactor and a capacitor block with switches. The theoretical and experimental results both showed that even though the loss in the inductor somewhat limits the achievable maximum efficiency, the efficiency with OLC is significantly enhanced compared with that without OLC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2619–2622, 2014
Wideband impedance transformer with out‐of‐band suppression characteristics
Authors: Kim Phirun , Chaudhary Girdhari , Jeong Yongchae 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents the design of a wideband impedance transformer with out‐of‐band suppression characteristics. The out‐of‐band suppression characteristics are obtained by loading several transmission zeros at both the lower and upper stop‐bands. For experimental validation, a 50‐to‐25 Ω transformer has been implemented at a center frequency (f0) of 2.6 GHz. The measured results were in good agreement with simulations, showing a return loss better than 20 dB over 0.92 GHz (2.1–3.02 GHz) and an out‐of‐band suppression better than 18 dB over DC to 1.42 and 3.8 to 6.65 GHz. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2612–2616, 2014
Radio channel characterization for bluetooth communication systems onboard commercial aircrafts
Authors: Azpilicueta Leire , López Iturri Peio , Aguirre Erik , Falcone Francisco 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, a model based on a three dimensional ray‐launching algorithm is developed to analyze the behavior of a bluetooth system within a commercial aircraft. Results show that the use of deterministic techniques for radio planning purposes can aid to enhance the overall system efficiency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2660–2664, 2014
Photonic phase stabilizing for fiber‐radio transmission using semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Chen Han , Sun Mingming , Sun Xiaohan 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA novel optically controlled microwave phase stabilizing method based on semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is presented and the theoretical fundamentals of the design are explained. A prototype with a frequency of 10 GHz is experimentally demonstrated. It provides a stable phase drift that can be linearly compensated over 10 km single‐mode fiber with a single sideband phase noise below −100 dBc/Hz at an offset of 10 kHz by tuning the SOA injection current. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2745–2748, 2014
The influence of the deformation of a mobile phone on its antenna perfomance
Authors: Zhao Anping 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, the performance of a quad‐band GSM antenna affected by the bending and twisting deformation of a mobile phone is investigated. The study is based on a system printed wire board model containing two rigid parts at the two ends and one flexible part in the central, and the bending and twisting deformations occur mainly within the central part. It is shown that the antenna performance caused by this deformation can be ignored once the metallic back cover of the flexible display is properly shorted to the system ground plane. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2722–2725, 2014
Balanced UTE‐SSFP for 19F MR imaging of complex spectra
Authors: Goette Matthew J. , Keupp Jochen , Rahmer Jürgen , Lanza Gregory M. , Wickline Samuel A. , Caruthers Shelton D. 
Published: August 2014

PurposeA novel technique for highly sensitive detection of multiresonant fluorine imaging agents was designed and tested with the use of dual‐frequency 19F/1H ultrashort echo times (UTE) sampled with a balanced steady‐state free precession (SSFP) pulse sequence and three‐dimensional (3D) radial readout.MethodsFeasibility of 3D radial balanced UTE‐SSFP imaging was demonstrated for a phantom comprising liquid perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB). Sensitivity of the pulse sequence was measured and compared with other sequences imaging the PFOB (CF2)6 line group including UTE radial gradient‐echo (GRE) at α = 30°, as well as Cartesian GRE, balanced SSFP, and fast spin‐echo (FSE). The PFOB CF3 peak was also sampled with FSE.ResultsThe proposed balanced UTE‐SSFP technique exhibited a relative detection sensitivity of 51
min−1/2 (α = 30°), at least twice that of other sequence types with either 3D radial (UTE GRE: 20
min−1/2) or Cartesian k‐space filling (GRE: 12
min−1/2; FSE: 16
min−1/2; balanced SSFP: 23
min−1/2). In vivo imaging of angiogenesis‐targeted PFOB nanoparticles was demonstrated in a rabbit model of cancer on a clinical 3 Tesla scanner.ConclusionA new dual 19F/1H balanced UTE‐SSFP sequence manifests high SNR, with detection sensitivity more than two‐fold better than traditional techniques, and alleviates imaging problems caused by dephasing in complex spectra. Magn Reson Med 74:537–543, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conformational plasticity of the Ebola virus matrix protein
Authors: Radzimanowski Jens , Effantin Gregory , Weissenhorn Winfried 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFiloviruses are the causative agents of a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever with repeated outbreaks in Africa. They are negative sense single stranded enveloped viruses that can cross species barriers from its natural host bats to primates including humans. The small size of the genome poses limits to viral adaption, which may be partially overcome by conformational plasticity. Here we review the different conformational states of the Ebola virus (EBOV) matrix protein VP40 that range from monomers, to dimers, hexamers, and RNA‐bound octamers. This conformational plasticity that is required for the viral life cycle poses a unique opportunity for development of VP40 specific drugs. Furthermore, we compare the structure to homologous matrix protein structures from Paramyxoviruses and Bornaviruses and we predict that they do not only share the fold but also the conformational flexibility of EBOV VP40.
Fault detection and isolation for nonlinear systems via high‐order‐sliding‐mode multiple‐observer
Authors: Ríos H. , Davila J. , Fridman L. , Edwards C. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryIn this paper, fault detection and isolation problems are studied for a certain class of nonlinear systems. Under some structural conditions, multiple high‐order sliding‐mode observers are proposed. The value of the equivalent output injection is used for detecting faults and the multiple‐model approach for isolating particular faults in the system. The proposed method provides fast detection and isolation of actuator and plant faults. Simulation results support the proposed approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil microarthropods in non‐intervention montane spruce forest regenerating after bark‐beetle outbreak
Authors: Farská Jitka , Prejzková Kristýna , Starý Josef , Rusek Josef 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe studied Oribatida and Collembola in an old‐growth Norway spruce (Picea abies) forest that suffered a massive bark beetle (Ips typographus) outbreak in the 1990s and gradually decayed. It was left to regenerate naturally without human intervention. There was a high abundance of a few tolerant species and lower numbers of sensitive silvicolous ones. The most dominant species were Tectocepheus velatus, Platynothrus peltifer and Isotomiella minor. Although the details, which determine the identity of successful species, remain unknown, parthenogenesis, high reproduction rate and detrito‐ or detritofungivorous feeding were the common features of the most dominant species in our study. Trait assessment showed an overall predominance of parthenogenesis and high abundance of detritivorous oribatids. The soil functions connected with Oribatida and Collembola seem to be still affected by the bark‐beetle outbreak and our results indicate that the disturbance caused important changes in the functioning of the whole soil ecosystem.
Muscle wasting: an overview of recent developments in basic research
Authors: Palus Sandra , von Haehling Stephan , Springer Jochen 
Published: August 2014

The syndrome of cachexia, i.e., involuntary weight loss in patients with underlying diseases, sarcopenia, i.e., loss of muscle mass due to aging, and general muscle atrophy from disuse and/or prolonged bed rest have received more attention over the last decades. All lead to a higher morbidity and mortality in patients, and therefore, they represent a major socio‐economic burden for the society today. This mini‐review looks at recent developments in basic research that are relevant to the loss of skeletal muscle. It aims to cover the most significant publication of last 3 years on the causes and effects of muscle wasting, new targets for therapy development, and potential biomarkers for assessing skeletal muscle mass. The targets include the following: (1) E‐3 ligases TRIM32, SOCS1, and SOCS3 by involving the elongin BC ubiquitin‐ligase, Cbl‐b, culling 7, Fbxo40, MG53 (TRIM72), and the mitochondrial Mul1; (2) the kinase MST1; and (3) the G‐protein Gαi2. D(3)‐creatine has the potential to be used as a novel biomarker that allows to monitor actual change in skeletal muscle mass over time. In conclusion, significant development efforts are being made by academic groups as well as numerous pharmaceutical companies to identify new target and biomarker muscles, as muscle wasting represents a great medical need, but no therapies have been approved in the last decades.
Cost of borderline personality disorder in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Salvador-Carulla L. , Bendeck M. , Ferrer M. , Andión Ó. , Aragonès E. , Casas M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe available information on the cost of illness of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is overtly insufficient for policy planning. Our aim was to estimate the costs of illness for BPD in Catalonia (Spain) for 2006.MethodsThis is a multilevel cross-design synthesis study combining a qualitative nominal approach, quantitative ‘top-down’ analysis of multiple health databases, and ‘bottom-up’ data of local surveys. Both direct and indirect costs have been estimated from a governmental and societal perspective.ResultsEstimated year-prevalence of BPD was 0.7% (41,921 cases), but only 9.6% of these cases were treated in the mental health system (4033 cases). The baseline of the total cost of BPD in Catalonia was 45.6 million €, of which 15.8 million € (34.7%) were direct costs related to mental health care. The cost distribution was 0.4% in primary care; 4% in outpatient mental health care; 4.7% in hospitalisation; 0.7% in emergency care; and 24.9% in pharmacotherapy. Additionally, the cost of drug addiction treatment for persons with BPD was 11.2%; costs associated with sheltered employment were 23.9% and those of crime and justice were 9.7%. Indirect costs – including temporary sick leave and premature death (suicide) – represented 20.5% of total costs. The average annual cost per patient was 11,308 €.ConclusionsAn under-reporting of BPD was identified by the experts in all health databases and official registries. Most of the BPD costs were not related to mental health care. Amongst the direct cost categories, pharmacotherapy had the largest proportion despite the lack of specificity for BPD. This distribution of costs reinforces the idea of BPD complexity related to an inadequate and inefficient use of health resources.
Impaired cerebral angiogenesis in the fetal lamb model of persistent pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Cohen Susan S. , Powers Bethany R. , Lerch‐Gaggl Alexandra , Teng Ru‐Jeng , Konduri Girija Ganesh 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundPersistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is associated with increased risk of neuro‐developmental impairments. Whether relative fetal hypoxia during evolution of PPHN renders the fetal brain vulnerable to perinatal brain injury remains unclear. We hypothesized that in utero ductal constriction, which induces PPHN also impairs cerebral angiogenesis.MethodsFetal lambs with PPHN induced by prenatal ligation of the ductus arteriosus were compared to gestation matched twin controls. Freshly collected or fixed brain specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and RT‐PCR.ResultsCortical capillary density was decreased in PPHN lambs compared to controls (Glut‐1, isolectin B‐4 and factor VIII, n = 6, p < 0.05). Hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels were decreased in cortical cell lysates of PPHN lambs. PPHN increased angiopoetin‐1 (Ang‐1) and tyrosine‐protein kinase receptor (Tie‐2) protein expression while angiopoetin‐2 (Ang‐2) protein levels were decreased (n = 6, p < 0.05). PPHN did not change mRNA levels of these proteins significantly (n = 6).ConclusionsPPHN decreased cortical capillary density in fetal lamb brain. PPHN decreased the expression of proteins involved in angiogenesis. These findings suggest that PPHN is associated with impaired cortical angiogenesis.
Aurora‐A enhances malignant development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by phosphorylating β‐catenin
Authors: Jin Shunqian , Wang Xiaoxia , Tong Tong , Zhang Dongdong , Shi Ji , Chen Jie , Zhan Qimin 
Published: August 2014

The Aurora‐A gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is frequently overexpressed in several types of human tumors. The overexpression of Aurora‐A has been observed to associate with the grades of differentiation, invasive capability and distant lymph node metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the molecular mechanism by which Aurora‐A promotes malignant development of ESCC is still largely unknown. In this study, we show that Aurora‐A overexpression enhances tumor cell invasion and metastatic potential in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Aurora‐A overexpression inhibits the degradation of β‐catenin, promotes its dissociation from cell–cell contacts and increases its nuclear translocation. We also demonstrate for the first time that Aurora‐A directly interacts with β‐catenin and phosphorylates β‐catenin at Ser552 and Ser675. Substitutions of serine residue with alanine at single or both positions substantially attenuate Aurora‐A‐mediated stabilization of β‐catenin, abolish its cytosolic and nuclear localization as well as transcriptional activity. In addition, Aurora‐A overexpression is significantly correlated with increased cytoplasmic β‐catenin expression in ESCC tissues. In view of our results, we propose that Aurora‐A‐mediated phosphorylation of β‐catenin is a novel mechanism of malignancy development of tumor.
Emerging uses of patient generated health data in clinical research
Authors: Wood William A. , Bennett Antonia V. , Basch Ethan 
Published: August 2014

Recent advancements in consumer directed personal computing technology have led to the generation of biomedically‐relevant data streams with potential health applications. This has catalyzed international interest in Patient Generated Health Data (PGHD), defined as “health‐related data – including health history, symptoms, biometric data, treatment history, lifestyle choices, and other information‐created, recorded, gathered, or inferred by or from patients or their designees (i.e. care partners or those who assist them) to help address a health concern.”(Shapiro et al., 2012) PGHD offers several opportunities to improve the efficiency and output of clinical trials, particularly within oncology. These range from using PGHD to understand mechanisms of action of therapeutic strategies, to understanding and predicting treatment‐related toxicity, to designing interventions to improve adherence and clinical outcomes. To facilitate the optimal use of PGHD, methodological research around considerations related to feasibility, validation, measure selection, and modeling of PGHD streams is needed. With successful integration, PGHD can catalyze the application of “big data” to cancer clinical research, creating both “n of 1” and population‐level observations, and generating new insights into the nature of health and disease.
The re-regulation of the Italian university system through quality assurance. A mechanistic perspective
Authors: Capano Giliberto 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper traces the developments of quality assurance in the Italian university system since the early 1990s. Based on the theoretical assumption that the ‘quality assurance’ label covers a wide range of different mixes of policy tools by means of which governments regulate (substantially at a distance) the systemic dynamics of their university systems, this paper adopts a mechanistic perspective in order to show how the Italian version of quality assurance, and of the respective NPM policy tools, has been significantly affected by the ambiguity of governments’ approaches to the question, and by the basic inability of universities to perform as corporate actors. This has resulted in quality assurance policy becoming yet another set of formal rules to be complied with, and has had the effect of partially re-centralizing the governance of the entire university system.
Linear difference equations, frieze patterns, and the combinatorial Gale transform
Authors: MORIER-GENOUD SOPHIE , OVSIENKO VALENTIN , EVAN SCHWARTZ RICHARD , TABACHNIKOV SERGE 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe study the space of linear difference equations with periodic coefficients and (anti)periodic solutions. We show that this space is isomorphic to the space of tame frieze patterns and closely related to the moduli space of configurations of points in the projective space. We define the notion of a combinatorial Gale transform, which is a duality between periodic difference equations of different orders. We describe periodic rational maps generalizing the classical Gauss map.
Property Investment
Authors: Paterson M. D. 
Published: August 2014

This paper is the second edition of a paper presented last winter to the Glasgow Actuarial Students' Society and the Faculty of Actuaries Students' Society. It has been written with a view to giving some information to those who have no experience at all of property investment and also to stimulate discussion among the actuarial investment pundits. It has been written in the context of investment by old established Life Offices and large Pension Funds only (referred to as ‘Institutions’) unless the text states otherwise.Part I is on similar lines to Binns, Chapter 16. Part II pursues some aspects in greater detail and is rather more opinionated, and it is hoped that those with experience of property investing will, in discussion, rise to the baits offered.
Life Office Solvency and Insolvency.
Authors: Ferguson D. G. R. 
Published: August 2014

It is quite impracticable to devise an equitable mode of winding-up an insolvent life insurance company (5).A company being found to be insolvent, what is to be done with it ?… The actuaries have unanimously recommended a reduction of the sums assured, the same premiums being paid, but the lawyers have agreed that this is impracticable … The actuaries are able to take a much higher view; they need not consider what is the law, but what is most consistent with real and substantial justice to all parties. In fact, we may sum it up by saying that the courts of this country are not courts of justice but courts of law (4).[In relation to a method of treating insolvent life insurance companies as a closed fund] Its simplicity, and the entire absence of opportunity for the kind of deception and fraud usually committed by those who manipulate the assets of insolvent companies, are its most striking merits, and are certainly merits of a high order (1).