bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated platelet-rich plasma injections improve erectile dysfunction in a rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Yu Zhe , Xie Yuan-Zhi , Huang Xiao-Lan , Huang Su-Zhen , Luo Xiang-Min , Wu Jin-Xiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) shows promise as a regenerative modality for mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction (ED). However, its efficacy in treating severe ED remains unknown. Blood samples from 8-week-old male rats were used to prepare PRP through a two-step centrifugation procedure, followed by chitosan activation and freeze thaw cycle. A hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-related ED model was established using a methionine-enriched diet, and an apomorphine (APO) test was conducted during the 4th week. APO-negative rats were divided into two groups and were injected with PRP or saline every 2 weeks. Erectile function and histological analyses of the corpus cavernosum were performed during the 16th week. The results revealed that erectile function was significantly impaired in rats with HHcy-related ED compared to that in age-matched rats but was improved by repeated PRP injections. Immunofluorescence staining revealed a reduction in reactive oxygen species and additional benefits on the recovery of structures within the corpus cavernosum in rats that received PRP treatment compared to those in the saline-injected control group. Therefore, PRP could enhance functional and structural recovery in a severe HHcy-related ED model. A notable strength of the present study lies in the use of a repeated intracavernous injection method, mirroring protocols used in human studies, which offers more reliable results for translating the findings to humans.
Vellus hair follicle diseases
Authors: Yang Hsing-San , Liu Wei-Ting , Yang Chao-Chun , Plewig Gerd , Danarti Retno , Chen WenChieh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Human hair follicles are composed of vellus hair follicles (vHFs), sebaceous hair follicles, and terminal hair follicles (tHFs), which share histoanatomy, but differ in biophysiology, therefore are distinctive in clinical morbidities. vHFs are much less studied, and many issues remain to be clarified, such as the expression and regulation of androgen receptors, hair follicle stem cells, immune privilege, and microbiome. Hirsutism is an example of an endocrine disorder with the pathogenesis incompletely understood, especially in idiopathic hirsutism. Interactions between androgens and other hormones deserve special attention. Treatment is unstandardized, whereas combination of antiandrogens and laser shows promise. Keratosis pilaris, a keratinization disorder, lacks clarity in etiopathogenesis, impacting esthetics and therapeutic efficacy. Among the inflammatory disorders, perioral/periorbital dermatitis arises from vHFs irritation, categorized into papular, eczematous, and granulomatous forms. This necessitates varied differential diagnoses and therapeutic approaches. Follicular eczema, a variant of atopic dermatitis in children, is also associated with xerotic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis in adults. Bacterial infections rarely target vHFs, in contrast to tHFs. Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TdS) links to TdS-associated polyomavirus infection localized to the inner root sheath cells of vHFs, underdiagnosed in immunocompromised patients. The varying manifestation and pathogenic significance of Malassezia furfur in Malassezia (pityrosporum) folliculitis, pityriasis versicolor, and seborrheic dermatitis remain debated. Proliferative/neoplastic entities of vHFs include vellus hair cyst, pilomatrixoma, trichoepithelioma, and trichostasis spinulosa. Follicular spiny hyperkeratosis, lichen spinulosus, and lichen scrofulosorum are reactive conditions of vHFs. Recognizing vHF-associated diseases helps us to better understand the human hair follicles and to enhance daily dermatological practices.
Idiopathic Eruptive Macular Pigmentation with Papillomatosis: A Common but Underdiagnosed Entity
Authors: Relhan Vineet , Agrawal Ishan , Yadav Rekha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Idiopathic Eruptive Macular Pigmentation (IEMP) is an uncommon and possibly underdiagnosed dermatosis. It manifests as asymptomatic pigmented macules over the face, trunk and proximal extremities among children and adolescents. Degos et al. first documented this condition in 1978, unveiling its distinct characteristics. The macules, initially dark brown-black, naturally diminish over several months to years, with no lasting pigmentation or scarring. In this report, we highlight the case of a 14-year-old girl displaying all the distinctive traits of IEMP.
Dermoscopy and In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Findings of Basal Cell Carcinomas in Xeroderma Pigmentosum Patients
Authors: Duman Nilay , Oraloğlu Göktürk , Yaman Banu , Karaarslan Işıl 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare inherited disorder with a high incidence of malignant tumours. Literature data on dermoscopic and in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) findings in patients with XP are very limited.

Methods:
Dermoscopic findings in 32 biopsy-proven BCCs and RCM findings in 10 biopsy-proven BCCs developed in seven XP patients were reviewed.

Results:
Of 32 BCCs, 28 were pigmented. On dermoscopy, BCCs exhibited multiple grey-blue globules/dots (81, 3%), short-fine telangiectasias/fine arborising vessels (65, 6%), multiple grey-blue ovoid nests (53, 1%), white structures (white-red structureless areas/shiny white areas/lines/strands) (56, 3%), arborising vessels (37, 5%), brown nests/globules/dots (28, 1%), spoke-wheel structures (9, 4%), leaf-like areas (9, 4%), ulceration (28, 1%), peripheral network (21, 9%), and multiple aggregated yellow-white globules (3, 1%). In 10 lesions in which further imaging with RCM was performed, RCM findings differentiated BCC from other tumours, including primary melanoma.

Conclusions:
Although the dominancy of pigmented structures may imitate melanoma clinically, dermoscopy is a valuable tool in the early diagnosis of BCCs in patients with XP. For suspicious lesions, RCM can help in differentiating pigmented BCC from primary melanoma.
A Prospective Randomized Non-Blinded Study of Safety and Efficacy of Bilastine Up-Dosing (40 mg) Versus Combination of Bilastine 20 mg With Levocetirizine 5 mg in the Treatment of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: Sneha Boggarapu , Narasimhan Murali , Durai Priya Cinna T. , Ramakrishnan Ramachandran 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is the most commonly diagnosed skin condition in dermatology outpatient departments. Second-generation antihistamines are shown to be effective in the control of CSU. As per the guidelines, a combination of antihistamines is less recommended due to the lack of synergistic effect, though used widely. Exploring effective treatment options are crucial, given the challenges posed by CSU.

Aims and Objectives:
To assess the safety and efficacy of Bilastine up-dosing versus combination of 20 mg Bilastine with 5 mg Levocetirizine in the treatment of CSU.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective randomized non-blinded comparative trial involved 62 patients, with 32 in group A and 30 in group B. Group A received Tablet Bilastine 20 mg bd, while Group B received a combination of Tablet Bilastine 20 mg and Tablet Levocetirizine 5 mg. Urticarial Activity Score 7 was performed at baseline and follow-up visits (every 2 weeks for 6 weeks).

Results:
Both groups had a higher number of male patients in the 20–30 years age group. Angioedema was present in 15.6% of group A and 23.3% in group B. After 6 weeks, both the groups showed a significant improvement in UAS 7 scores (P value <0.05). Group A demonstrated a remarkable reduction in UAS 7 from 19.4% to 0.03% with minimal side effects.

Conclusion:
Bilastine up-dosing proved to be efficient, secure, and well tolerated when compared to the combined dose of Levocetirizine 5 mg and Bilastine 20 mg, suggesting that up-dosing of Bilastine could be a valuable addition to the current medication arsenal with the minimal side effects.
Management of Pustular Psoriasis; The Way Ahead
Authors: Parasramani Shrichand G. , Kar Bikash R. , Tahiliani Sushil , Parthasarathi Anchala , Neema Shekhar , Ganguly Satyaki , Sathishkumar Dharshini , Venkatachalam K , Komeravelli Haritha , Thomas Jayakar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Pustular psoriasis is a specialized variant of psoriasis which can be life threatening if not treated at the earliest. The pathogenesis has been recently linked to the role of interleukin 36. Apart from the corticosteroids, systemic antipsoriatics like acitretin, cyclosporine and methotrexate have been used with some success though unpredictable. With recent identification of role of IL-36 in the pathogenesis of pustular psoriasis, biologics targeting the IL-36 receptors have been used to manage the situation with high degree of success. This narrative review deals with the recent concepts of pathogenesis of pustular psoriasis as well as the current management scenario.
Small Molecules in the Management of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Konakanchi Venkata Chalam , Kar Bikash R. , Sathishkumar Dharshini , Tahiliani Sushil , Parthasarathi Anchala , Neema Shekhar , Ganguly Satyaki , Parasramani Shrichand G. , Komeravelli Haritha , Thomas Jayakar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease associated with various comorbidities. Managing psoriasis is often challenging as the therapy is decided based on the area of the disease, associated comorbidities and impairment in quality of life, besides the patient’s preference. Making progress in the development of new molecules that can be used topically or orally, effectively controlling the disease with minimal side effects and providing long-lasting remissions are the needs of the hour. Recent developments in understanding the complexities of the pathogenesis of psoriasis have resulted in the reinforcement of treatment modalities, leading to the evolution of various biologics and small-molecule inhibitors. In comparison with biologics, both patients and treating physicians prefer small molecules for various reasons such as avoiding injections and side effects that are associated with biologics biologics. Moreover small molecules are economical than biologics. Newer small molecules, both topical and oral, are promising additions to the therapeutic arsenal in the management of psoriasis in the future.
Study of Haemolysis in Patients of Leprosy Being Administered Multi-Drug Therapy at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Maharashtra: A Prospective Study
Authors: Bhatt Siddharth , Radhakrishnan Subramaniyan , Vasudevan Biju , Neema Shekhar , Kothari Rohit 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Dapsone forms the backbone of multi-drug therapy (MDT) in leprosy and many other dermatological disorders. Haemolysis is its common side effect which often necessitates drug stoppage. Currently, wide variation in data of haemolysis with dapsone exists in literature ranging from 24.7% to 83% and none of the studies point towards the timing of onset of haemolysis/timing of maximal haemolysis which is important in therapeutic decision making regarding continuing or stopping the drug. This study aimed to answer such unanswered questions.

Objectives:
Primary: To estimate the fall in haemoglobin (Hb) levels after administering MDT for 3 months in patients with leprosy. Secondary: To determine factors associated with Hb change – age, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) status, pole of leprosy and duration of MDT taken (if any).

Materials and Methods:
All freshly diagnosed cases of Hansen’s disease were studied for 3 months. At baseline, demographic data (age, sex), skin biopsy, slit skin smear and G6PD were taken. Haemoglobin (Hb), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transferase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transferase (SGPT), serum bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reticulocyte count, peripheral blood smear (PBS) along with clinical photography was done at baseline, 1, 2 and 3 months.

Results:
Out of the 48 patients who completed the study: Mean Hb (g/dL) decreased from 13.37 at baseline to a minimum of 12.08 at 2 months, and then increased to 12.34 at 3 months. Of 42 patients (87.5%) with a fall in Hb, 13 (27.1%) had severe (fall >20%), 17 (35.4%) had moderate (fall 10–20%), 12 (25%) had mild fall (fall <10%) and in 6 (12.5%), there was no haemolysis. Reticulocyte count, LDH, SGOT and SGPT were significantly associated with haemolysis. Severe haemolysis occurred more frequently in the lepromatous spectrum.

Conclusion:
Dapsone causes maximal fall of hemoglobin by 1.29 g/dl at two months following which it increases. The fall of hemoglobin is reversible and hemoglobin starts to increase by 3 months of therapy making cessation of the drug unnecessary in most of the patients.
Impact of Chemotherapy-Induced Nail Changes on Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Trivedi Madhvi , Mehta Rajesh D. , Ghiya B. C. , Soni Prasoon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Chemotherapy has increased survival rate in patients but is associated with systemic as well as cutaneous adverse effects. Among cutaneous adverse effects, nail changes caused by chemotherapy are often overlooked. But these changes are a major cause of cosmetic concern and negatively affect the quality of life (QoL) of patients.

Aim:
This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of chemotherapy-induced nail changes on QoL of patients with malignancy and to compare the severity of impact on QoL in various nail changes.

Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted for a period of 12 months. Only patients on chemotherapy who developed nail changes were included in the study. A nail-specific QoL questionnaire was used. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of nail changes on QoL.

Results:
The mean QoL score of 188 patients was 32.37 ± 7.9. The mean QoL score of females was more than that of males. QoL was statistically more significant in younger age groups [<20 years: 46.71 ± 1.7] (P < 0.001). Patients with pigmentary nail changes (melanonychia and leukonychia) had more significant impact on QoL (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
There is a significant impact of chemotherapy-induced nail changes on QoL of patients leading to psychological distress, reduced self-confidence and social limitation. This highlights the importance of proper counselling of patients beforehand regarding the possibility of associated nail changes during and after the chemotherapy regimens.
Androgenetic Alopecia in Men: An Update On Genetics
Authors: Sadasivam Ilakkia Priya , Sambandam Ravikumar , Kaliyaperumal Damayandhi , Dileep Jude Ernest 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is defined as the alopecia induced by androgens in genetically predisposed individuals. AGA results in progressive miniaturization of the hair follicles leading to vellus transformation of terminal hair. The high prevalence and wide range of expressed phenotypes in AGA is a result of a polygenic inheritance mode. The androgen receptor (AR) gene located on the X chromosome at Xq11-12 is the first gene to show genetic association with AGA. Newer genetic associations with AGA are under study. In early-onset AGA, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancers and coronary artery disease (CAD) are associated with AGA. Screening of early-onset AGA patients and intervention for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance can prevent the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at an early stage. As effective treatments continue to be topical minoxidil, systemic finasteride and hair transplantations, newer modalities are under investigation. Understanding the genetic factors involved in AGA and continued research into newer therapies, such as cell-based therapies, will lead to effective treatment and improve the quality of life in patients with AGA.
Comparison of Socio-demographic Characteristics, Tumour Features, and Surgical Treatment Outcomes in Phenotypic Variants of Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ürün Yıldız Gürsel , Ürün Mustafa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases exhibit variations in tumour number, location, and growth patterns. While some patients develop only one BCC, approximately one-third of patients later develop one or more additional lesions.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for further BCC lesions in patients with different phenotypic presentations.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated 1052 histopathologically diagnosed tumours of 861 patients, who were divided into four phenotypic presentation groups according to tumour number at initial diagnosis and during follow-up. Age, sex, tumour characteristics, surgical margins, re-excision and residual tumour rates were compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors for multiple tumour development.

Results:
There were 723 patients in the single presentation phenotype 1 (SPP1) group, 19 in the SPP-more group, 114 in the multiple presentation phenotype (MPP)-cluster initial group, and five patients in the MPP-cluster later group. Male sex was more common in the MPP-cluster later group (P = 0.028). The mean age was lower in the SPP1 and SPP-more groups (P = 0.002). Ear involvement was more common in the MPP-cluster later group (P < 0.05). Superficial and basosquamous subtypes were more common in the SPP-more and MPP-cluster later groups (P < 0.05). Re-excision and residual tumour rates were lowest in the SPP1 group (P < 0.05). Age over 69 years, male sex, and periorbital or upper extremity location were significant risk factors for multiple tumour development (P < 0.05).

Limitations:
The limitations of our study include the inability to evaluate environmental risk factors, phenotypic and ethnic characteristics, and the short follow-up period for newly added patients.

Conclusions:
Predicting different phenotypic presentations by taking the age, gender, and tumour characteristics (localization, histopathological subtype) of the patients into account may allow new tumours to be detected at an early stage.
Fever with Rash in a Child: Revisited
Authors: Sarkar Rashmi , Yadav Anukriti , Maheshwari Apoorva 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rash and fever are some of the most common chief complaints present in paediatric dermatology emergencies. The spectrum of differential diagnosis is broad, including many different infectious and some non-infectious agents. A systematic approach involving detailed history taking, careful clinical examination along with particular attention to epidemiological features are the most important factors to make a diagnosis. This article reviews the morphological patterns of various causes of fever with rash in children, including infectious as well as non-infectious causes, with special emphasis on the Indian scenario. We intend to highlight the clinical characteristics of each cause, which will not only help make a clinical diagnosis but also distinguish benign versus life-threatening causes of skin rash in febrile paediatric patients and provide early medical intervention.
Dermoscopy of Amyloidosis Cutis Dyschromica
Authors: Rane Meghana C. , Mahajan Sunanda A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica is a very rare form of primary cutaneous amyloidosis characterized by prepubertal onset of hyper and hypopigmented spots and amyloid deposits in the papillary dermis. We report two cases of this condition highlighting its dermoscopic findings.
Nodal T-Follicular Helper Cell Lymphoma, Angioimmunoblastic-Type, Diagnosed in a Patient with Psoriasis Following COVID-19 Vaccination under Adalimumab Treatment: A Causal Association?
Authors: Hsieh Chang-Yu , Yu Shan-Chi , Lee Jia-Arng , Tsai Tsen-Fang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Biologics have expanded the armamentarium for psoriasis, but there has been a growing concern about the risk of lymphoma in patients under tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitor and methotrexate. Besides, the mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination was known to stimulate the proliferation of T-follicular helper cells. We report a case of a patient with psoriasis under adalimumab developing nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic-type following the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine. We suspect that adalimumab, methotrexate, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation, previous reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and psoriasis per se predispose our patient to a lymphoma-prone condition, and the two doses of the mRNA vaccine act as the last straw.
A retrospective analysis of surgical outcome in sutureless glueless scleral fixation of foldable intraocular lens
Authors: Kannan Naresh Babu , Dey Sarkar Avik , Vallinayagam MuthuKrishnan 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Cataract surgery constitutes one of the highest volume surgeries performed worldwide approximating 10 million annually, varying from 100 to 6000 per million population. Implantation of scleral fixated intra-ocular lens (SFIOL) is getting popular in managing difficult situations like aphakia, subluxated lens, and dislocated cataracts.

Objective:
This retrospective series evaluated our experience with foldable 3-piece acrylic SFIOL implantation for various challenging surgical scenarios in a tertiary care ophthalmic institute in the southern part of India.

Results:
The data from the first 150 patients, those operated in our hospital in the aforementioned technique, have been reviewed and analyzed. The mean age of the population was 46.43 years. The most common indication was found to be surgical aphakia (34.66%) followed by traumatic subluxated lens (8.33%). Postoperative BCVA at 3 months improved to 0.255 on the LogMAR scale from preoperative BCVA of 0.795 (P < 0.01). Intraocular pressure was found to stabilize over 3 months follow-up (P = 0.002). The various intraoperative and postoperative complications have been recorded. Ten patients required resurgery out of which eight had postoperative haptic dislocation. A detailed comparison of the role of a surgeon’s experience in influencing outcomes has been evaluated.

Conclusion:
The technique offers physiological IOL placement using minimal surgical maneuvers. We strongly recommend this as a technique of choice for the surgical management of complicated scenarios with inadequate capsular bag support.