bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polite Girls and Creative Boys? Students' Gender Moderates Accuracy of Teachers' Ratings of Creativity
Authors: Gralewski Jacek , Karwowski Maciej 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine whether, and to what extent, teachers are able to recognize the creativity of their students. The study measured the creative abilities, creative attitude, creative activity, as well as intrinsic motivation, intelligence, and school functioning of 589 Polish high school students, while their teachers (N = 178) rated students' creativity. The structural equation model (SEM) demonstrated that the accuracy of teachers' ratings of students' creativity is generally low—the latent factor of students' creativity reliably, however weakly, predicted teachers' ratings. The accuracy of teachers' ratings was moderated by gender: Only in the case of male students did the latent creativity factor reliably predict teachers' ratings. Students' school functioning emerged as a key factor positively associated with the perception of students as creative.
The dynamics of X‐chromosome inactivation in mouse development
Authors: Kamikawa Yasunao , Donohoe Mary E. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYMammals utilize chromosomes to determine sex, but this leads to a problem with gene inequality. In the mouse, gene dosage disparity is evident by the presence of two X chromosomes in the female and a single X and Y chromosome in the male. To balance the X‐linked transcriptional dose difference between the sexes, one of the two female X‐chromosomes is silenced to equal the dose of XY males—a crucial developmental process known as X‐chromosome inactivation. Here we highlight dosage compensation in the mouse, and detail the known mechanisms to set and erase these epigenetic marks during development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 141–147, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
‘It's not like you just had a heart attack’: decision‐making about active surveillance by men with localized prostate cancer
Authors: Volk Robert J. , McFall Stephanie L. , Cantor Scott B. , Byrd Theresa L. , Le Yen‐Chi L. , Kuban Deborah A. , Mullen Patricia Dolan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundGrowing recognition that active surveillance (AS) is a reasonable management option for many men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer led us to describe patients' conceptualizations of AS and reasons for their treatment decisions.MethodsMen were patients of a multidisciplinary prostate cancer clinic at a large tertiary cancer center where patients are routinely briefed on treatment options, including AS. We conducted a thematic analysis of interviews with 15 men who had chosen AS and 15 men who received radiation or surgery.ResultsMen who chose AS described it as an organized process with a rigorous and reassuring protocol of periodic testing, with potential for subsequent and timely decision‐making about treatment. AS was seen as prolonging their current good health and function with treatment still possible later. Rationales for choosing AS included trusting their physician's monitoring, ‘buying time’ without experiencing adverse effects of treatment, waiting for better treatments, and seeing their cancer as very low risk. Men recognized the need to justify their choice to others because it seemed contrary to the impulse to immediately treat cancer. Descriptions of AS by men who chose surgery or radiation were less specific about the testing regimen. Getting rid of the cancer and having a cure were paramount for them.ConclusionsMen fully informed of their treatment options for localized prostate cancer have a comprehensive understanding of the purpose of AS. Slowing the decision‐making process may enhance the acceptability of AS. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the evolution of Lehman's Laws
Authors: Godfrey Michael W. , German Daniel M. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYIn this brief paper, we honor the contributions of the late Prof. Manny Lehman to the study of software evolution. We do so by means of a kind of evolutionary case study: First, we discuss his background in engineering and explore how this helped to shape his views on software systems and their development; next, we discuss the laws of software evolution that he postulated based on his industrial experiences; and finally, we examine how the nature of software systems and their development are undergoing radical change, and we consider what this means for future evolutionary studies of software. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revoicing
Authors: Ferris Sarah J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTalk provides a foundation for how we learn language and advance as literate individuals. Talking helps us form thoughts, engages us in deeper learning with others, and plays a key part in how we learn to read and write. In this article, Accountable Talk®, which comes from researchers through the Institute for Learning (University of Pittsburgh), is defined. The focus of the article is to give suggestions for teachers to get started using a talk move called “revoicing” while outlining the benefits it has for English Learners (ELs) and for all students. Tips are provided for getting started with using revoicing, while showing how it sounds through specific examples. Readers may refer to the additional resources and think about their own practice through several reflection questions at the end of the article as they consider ways to structure discourse in their classrooms.
Moving Students' Questions Out of the Parking Lot
Authors: Ness Molly 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article provides teachers with ideas on how to address students’ self‐generated questions. Following a third‐grade classroom, the article explores the use of a “parking lot” – a repository for the seemingly off‐task questions which curious students naturally pose. As students encounter informational text with genuine purposes, they purposefully seek out the answers to their own questions and continue to generate additional questions.
Computational Fluid Dynamics model of stratified atmospheric boundary‐layer flow
Authors: Koblitz T. , Bechmann A. , Sogachev A. , Sørensen N. , Réthoré P. E. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTFor wind resource assessment, the wind industry is increasingly relying on computational fluid dynamics models of the neutrally stratified surface‐layer. So far, physical processes that are important to the whole atmospheric boundary‐layer, such as the Coriolis effect, buoyancy forces and heat transport, are mostly ignored. In order to decrease the uncertainty of wind resource assessment, the present work focuses on atmospheric flows that include stability and Coriolis effects. The influence of these effects on the whole atmospheric boundary‐layer are examined using a Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes k‐ ε model. To validate the model implementations, results are compared against measurements from several large‐scale field campaigns, wind tunnel experiments, and previous simulations and are shown to significantly improve the predictions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental potential and kinetics of pig embryos with different cytoplasmic volume
Authors: Li Juan , Li Rong , Villemoes Klaus , Liu Ying , Purup Stig , Callesen Henrik 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe effects of cytoplasmic volumes on development and developmental kinetics ofin vitroproduced porcine embryos were investigated. During hand-made cloning (HMC), selected cytoplasts were separated into two groups according to their size in relation to the initial oocyte: ~75% or ~50%. Following two fusion steps and activation (day 0), reconstructed embryos were culturedin vitrofor 6 days. Cleavage rates on day 2 as well as blastocyst rates and cell numbers on day 6 were recorded. Results showed that embryo development was no different for ~50% versus ~75% cytoplasm at first fusion. This result was used in the following experiments, where the effect of varying cytoplasm volume in second fusion to obtain a final cytoplasm volume of ~75% to ~200% was tested. The results showed that the lowest quality was obtained when the final cytoplasm volume was ~75% and the highest quality at ~200% of the original oocyte. Similar results were observed in parthenogenetic (PA) embryos activated with different cytoplasmic volumes. A common pattern for the developmental kinetics of HMC and PA embryos was observed: the smaller group tended to have a longer time for the first two cell cycles, but subsequently a shorter time to form morula and blastocyst. In conclusion, the developmental kinetics ofin vitroproduced embryos was affected by the cytoplasm volume of the initial oocyte, and this further accounted for the developmental ability of the reconstructed embryos.
Reconsidering Policy of Casualty Evacuation in a Remote Mass-Casualty Incident
Authors: Adini Bruria , Cohen Robert , Glassberg Elon , Azaria Bella , Simon Daniel , Stein Michael , Klein Yoram , Peleg Kobi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectivesInappropriate distribution of casualties in mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) may overwhelm hospitals. This study aimed to review the consequences of evacuating casualties from a bus accident to a single peripheral hospital and lessons learned regarding policy of casualty evacuation.MethodsMedical records of all casualties relating to evacuation times, injury severity, diagnoses, treatments, resources utilized and outcomes were independently reviewed by two senior trauma surgeons. In addition, four senior trauma surgeons reviewed impact of treatment provided on patient outcomes. They reviewed the times for the primary and secondary evacuation, injury severity, diagnoses, surgical treatments, resources utilized, and the final outcomes of the patients at the point of discharge from the tertiary care hospital.ResultsThirty-one survivors were transferred to the closest local hospital; four died en route to hospital or within 30 minutes of arrival. Twenty-seven casualties were evacuated by air from the local hospital within 2.5 to 6.15 hours to Level I and II hospitals. Undertriage of 15% and overtriage of seven percent were noted. Four casualties did not receive treatment that might have improved their condition at the local hospital.ConclusionsIn MCIs occurring in remote areas, policy makers should consider revising the current evacuation plan so that only immediate unstable casualties should be transferred to the closest primary hospital. On site Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be administered to non-severe casualties until they can be evacuated directly to tertiary care hospitals. First responders must be trained to provide ALS to non-severe casualties until evacuation resources are available.AdiniB, CohenR, GlassbergE, AzariaB, SimonD, SteinM, KleinY, PelegK. Reconsidering policy of casualty evacuation in a remote mass-casualty incident. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(6):1-5.
Modeling the evolution of preferences: an answer to Schubert and Cordes
Authors: KAPELLER JAKOB , STEINERBERGER STEFAN 
Published: November 2013

Abstract:We applaud the effort of Schubert and Cordes (2013, this journal) to contribute a model describing the social mediation of preferences and to apply their results to the more general context of economic welfare. Although we consider this topic to be of utmost importance and interest, we have found a problem in Schubert and Cordes’ argument that renders their statements in Section 3 invalid. After providing some basic intuition on the problem at hand, we present a short proof showing that the assumptions of the model always lead to a stable society. We also report on an interesting non-linear segregation effect that can occur within the Schubert-Cordes model.
Very small embryonic-like stem-cell optimization of isolation protocols: an update of molecular signatures and a review of current in vivo applications
Authors: Shin Dong-Myung , Suszynska Malwina , Mierzejewska Kasia , Ratajczak Janina , Ratajczak Mariusz Z 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAs the theory of stem cell plasticity was first proposed, we have explored an alternative hypothesis for this phenomenon: namely that adult bone marrow (BM) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) contain more developmentally primitive cells than hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In support of this notion, using multiparameter sorting we were able to isolate small Sca1+Lin−CD45− cells and CD133+Lin−CD45− cells from murine BM and human UCB, respectively, which were further enriched for the detection of various early developmental markers such as the SSEA antigen on the surface and the Oct4 and Nanog transcription factors in the nucleus. Similar populations of cells have been found in various organs by our team and others, including the heart, brain and gonads. Owing to their primitive cellular features, such as the high nuclear/cytoplasm ratio and the presence of euchromatin, they are called very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs). In the appropriate in vivo models, VSELs differentiate into long-term repopulating HSCs, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), lung epithelial cells, cardiomyocytes and gametes. In this review, we discuss the most recent data from our laboratory and other groups regarding the optimal isolation procedures and describe the updated molecular characteristics of VSELs.
Dehydrogenation of N2H
X (X = 2 − 4) by nitrogen atoms: Thermochemical and kinetics
Authors: Spada Rene Felipe Keidel , de Araujo Ferrão Luiz Fernando , Roberto-Neto Orlando , Machado Francisco Bolivar Correto 
Published: November 2013

Thermochemical and kinetics of sequential hydrogen abstraction reactions from hydrazine by nitrogen atoms were studied. The dehydrogenation was divided in three steps, N2H4 + N, N2H3 + N, and N2H2 + N. The thermal rate constants were calculated within the framework of canonical variational theory, with zero and small curvature multidimensional tunnelling corrections. The reaction paths were computed with the BB1K/aug-cc-pVTZ method and the thermochemical properties were improved with the CCSD(T)/CBS//BB1K/aug-cc-pVTZ approach. The first dehydrogenation step presents the lowest rate constants, equal to 1.22 × 10−20 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298 K.
Functional microRNAs and target sites are created by lineage-specific transposition
Authors: Spengler Ryan M. , Oakley Clayton K. , Davidson Beverly L. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) account for nearly one-half of the sequence content in the human genome, and de novo germline transposition into regulatory or coding sequences of protein-coding genes can cause heritable disorders. TEs are prevalent in and around protein-coding genes, providing an opportunity to impart regulation. Computational studies reveal that microRNA (miRNA) genes and miRNA target sites reside within TE sequences, but there is little experimental evidence supporting a role for TEs in the birth of miRNAs, or as platform for gene regulation by miRNAs. In this work, we validate miRNAs and target sites derived from TE families prevalent in the human genome, including the ancient long interspersed nuclear element 2 (LINE2/L2), mammalian-wide interspersed repeat (MIR) retrotransposons and the primate-specific Alu family. We show that genes with 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) MIR elements are enriched for let-7 targets and that these sites are conserved and responsive to let-7 expression. We also demonstrate that 3′ UTR-embedded Alus are a source of miR-24 and miR-122 target sites and that a subset of active genomic Alus provide for de novo target site creation. Finally, we report that although the creation of miRNA genes by Alu elements is relatively uncommon relative to their overall genomic abundance, Alu-derived miR-1285-1 is efficiently processed from its genomic locus and regulates genes with target sites contained within homologous elements. Taken together, our data provide additional evidence for TEs as a source for miRNAs and miRNA target sites, with instances of conservation through the course of mammalian evolution.
Differentiation between sediment and hypolimnion methanogen communities in humic lakes
Authors: Youngblut Nicholas D. , Dell'Aringa Mark , Whitaker Rachel J. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe traditional view of carbon cycling within the pelagic zone of freshwater lakes has consisted of methane production within the anoxic sediment, followed by diffusive flux and ebullition through the water column. Methanogenic archaea have been shown to be present within the water columns of freshwater lakes; however, little is known about whether these methanogenic communities are distinct from those in the sediment or how these communities change over space and time. We used the methanogen‐specific phylogenetic marker mcrA to perform a 3‐year study focusing on the community structure of methanogens within the sediment and anoxic hypolimnion water layer of five humic lakes in WI, USA. The hypolimnion and sediment communities were distinct in composition, richness and phylogenetic diversity. Hypolimnion communities displayed a temporally stable biogeographical pattern among lakes, which was driven by both lake‐specific environmental variables and barriers to dispersal. We conclude that the hypolimnion comprised communities of methanogens that are distinct from those in the sediment, differentiated among lakes, and likely have unique ecological roles and evolutionary trajectories in these anaerobic environments.
Are the specialized bird ticks, Ixodes arboricola and I. frontalis, competent vectors for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato?
Authors: Heylen Dieter , Sprong Hein , van Oers Kees , Fonville Manoj , Leirs Herwig , Matthysen Erik 
Published: November 2013

SummaryOur study tested whether two European bird‐specialized ticks, Ixodes arboricola and I. frontalis, can act as vectors in the transmission cycles of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. The ticks have contrasting ecologies but share songbird hosts (such as the great tit, Parus major) with the generalist I. ricinus which may therefore act as a bridging vector. In the first phase of the experiment, we obtained Borrelia‐infected ornithophilic nymphs by exposing larvae to great tits that had previously been exposed to I. ricinus nymphs carrying a community of genospecies (Borrelia garinii, valaisiana, afzelii, burgdorferi s.s., spielmanii). Skin samples showed that birds selectively amplified B. garinii and B. valaisiana. The spirochetes were transmitted to the ornithophilic ticks and survived moulting, leading to infection rates of 16% and 27% in nymphs of I. arboricola and I. frontalis respectively. In the second phase, pathogen‐free great tits were exposed to the Borrelia‐infected ornithophilic nymphs. None of these ticks were able to infect the birds, as indicated by the tissue samples. Analysis of xenodiagnostic I. ricinus larvae found no evidence for co‐feeding or systemic transmission of B. burgdorferi s.l. These outcomes do not support the occurrence of enzootic cycles of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. involving songbirds and their specialized ornithophilic ticks.
The MAPKK FgMkk1 of Fusarium graminearum regulates vegetative differentiation, multiple stress response, and virulence via the cell wall integrity and high‐osmolarity glycerol signaling pathways
Authors: Yun Yingzi , Liu Zunyong , Zhang Jingze , Shim Won‐Bo , Chen Yun , Ma Zhonghua 
Published: November 2013

SummaryMitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinases play crucial roles in regulating fungal development, growth and pathogenicity, and in responses to the environment. In this study, we characterized a MAP kinase kinase FgMkk1 in Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of wheat head blight. Phenotypic analyses of the FgMKK1 mutant (ΔFgMKK1) showed that FgMkk1 is involved in the regulation of hyphal growth, pigmentation, conidiation, deoxynivalenol biosynthesis and virulence of F. graminearum. ΔFgMKK1 also showed increased sensitivity to cell wall‐damaging agents, and to osmotic and oxidative stresses, but exhibited decreased sensitivity to the fungicides iprodione and fludioxonil. In addition, the mutant revealed increased sensitivity to a biocontrol agent, Trichoderma atroviride. Western blot assays revealed that FgMkk1 positively regulates phosphorylation of the MAP kinases Mgv1 and FgOs‐2, the key component in the cell wall integrity (CWI) and high‐osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signalling pathway respectively. Yeast two‐hybrid assay indicated that Mgv1 interacts with a transcription factor FgRlm1. The FgRLM1 mutant (ΔFgRLM1) showed increased sensitivity to cell wall‐damaging agents and exhibited decreased virulence. Taken together, our data indicated that FgMkk1 is an upstream component of Mgv1, and regulates vegetative differentiation, multiple stress response and virulence via the CWI and HOG signalling pathways. FgRlm1 may be a downstream component of Mgv1 in the CWI pathway in F. graminearum.
Detection of c‐kit mutational status in small‐cell lung cancer in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Cheng Ying , Li Hui , Ma Lixia , Zhang Shuang , Yan Shi , Zhu Jing , Wang Sheng , Zhang Rui , Niu Kai , Liu Yawen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundOverexpression of KIT (CD117), a tyrosine kinase receptor, and its natural ligand, stem cell factor, are found in small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC). Somatic mutations of the proto‐oncogene c‐kit constitutively activate KIT expression in a ligand‐independent way. To explore the clinical value of the c‐kit mutation as a potential target for therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the c‐kit mutational status and KIT expression in tumors from Chinese patients with SCLC were analyzed.MethodsUsing 107 paraffin‐embedded SCLC tumor specimens, c‐kit exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 were analyzed for mutations by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing.ResultsThere were no activating mutations in exons 9, 11, 13, or 17. However, a point mutation in intron 16 (81240 G>A) was found in 11 out of the 107 samples (10.3%), of which the majority were limited‐stage SCLC (10/11, 90.9%). Immunohistochemical staining of tumors harboring the c‐kit point mutation using the anti‐CD117 antibody showed that the mutation status was not associated with the expression of KIT.ConclusionThese findings indicate that the incidence and the types of c‐kit mutations in SCLC tumors found in Chinese are different from those of the Caucasian population. Nevertheless, c‐kit mutations are similarly rare in both groups, implying that they may not be suitable targets for c‐kit‐based tyrosine kinase inhibitors.