bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the blink reflex and P3 component of the startle response during an interoceptive challenge
Authors: Alius Manuela G. , Pané‐Farré Christiane A. , Löw Andreas , Hamm Alfons O. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe blink reflex component of the startle response is potentiated during processing of exteroceptive unpleasant stimuli. In contrast, blink magnitudes are often inhibited during interoceptive challenges. We measured respiration, blink magnitudes, and the P3 component to the acoustic startle probes in 34 participants while breathing against a mild resistance (mask‐with‐tubing) compared to breathing with no mask. Breathing through a mask with tubing resulted in increased inspiratory resistance as indicated by increased flow rate and tidal volume, a compensatory breathing pattern. Blink magnitudes to probes presented during the mask‐with‐tubing condition were inhibited compared to no‐mask. Likewise, the probe P3 component was smaller during breathing through a mild resistance. These data suggest that startle inhibition during interoceptive challenges might be due to a shift in attention towards the mildly unpleasant interoceptive stimuli.
The Determinants of Time‐Varying Exchange Rate Pass‐Through in South Africa
Authors: Jooste Charl , Jhaveri Yaseen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe pass‐through of shifts in the rand exchange rate to consumer price inflation has been well documented for South Africa. Although estimates of the absolute level of pass‐through vary, some studies document a decline in pass‐through over time. In order to better illuminate the policy implications of pass‐through, this paper seeks to add to the literature by decomposing pass‐through into a number of time‐varying impulses. This has the advantage of providing deeper insights of pass‐through over time and across various monetary policy regimes. We then analyse the determinants of time‐varying pass‐through. Our results confirm that pass‐through has declined over time but is subject to a stable and low inflation environment. We also show that a volatile exchange rate leads to higher pass‐through.
Alterations in atrial perfusion during atrial fibrillation
Authors: Pacchia Christina F. , Dosdall Derek J. , Ranjan Ravi , DiBella Edward 
Published: July 2014

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
The topic of this review is the effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) on left atrial perfusion.
What advances does it highlight?
This review highlights the interplay between AF, ischaemia and fibrosis. Advances in fibrosis detection can better predict AF recurrence and effectiveness of ablative techniques; perfusion abnormalities may hold more clinical relevance than once thought.
Left atrial (LA) perfusion during disease states has been a topic of much interest, because the clinical implications and detrimental effects of lack of blood flow to the atria are numerous. In the chronic setting, changes in perfusion may lead to LA ischaemia and structural remodelling, a factor implicated in the self‐perpetuation of chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). The association between AF and altered LA perfusion has been studied, but a direct causal association between perfusion changes and AF has not been established. A comprehensive literature search of Medline, Embase and Google Scholar databases was conducted from 1960 to February 2014. We systematically analysed reference lists of physiological articles and reviews for other possibly relevant studies. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive discussion of the AF‐mediated changes in LA perfusion and the potential mechanisms underlying the alterations in coronary flow to the LA in this setting. In addition, we discuss the clinical contexts in which changes in LA perfusion may be relevant. Finally, this article highlights the need for longitudinal studies of AF that would elucidate the changes in LA perfusion resulting from chronic AF and lead to advancements in effective treatments to prevent progression of this disease.
Action of the isolated canine diaphragm on the lower ribs at high lung volumes
Authors: De Troyer André , Wilson Theodore A. 
Published: July 2014

Key points
Subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hyperinflation commonly have an inward displacement of the lateral walls of the lower rib cage during inspiration. This paradoxical displacement, conventionally called ‘Hoover's sign’, is traditionally attributed to the pull by radially oriented diaphragmatic muscle fibres.
In this study in anaesthetized dogs, we measured the displacement of the lower ribs during isolated spontaneous diaphragm contraction at different lung volumes, and determined the separate effects on rib displacement of pleural pressure and of the force exerted by the diaphragm.
The results show that diaphragm contraction at low lung volumes causes an inspiratory displacement of the lower ribs, but this is progressively reversed into an expiratory displacement as lung volume increases. However, the effect of the force exerted by the diaphragm on the ribs remains inspiratory at all lung volumes.
These observations suggest that Hoover's sign is usually caused by the dominant expiratory effect of pleural pressure on the lower ribs, rather than an inward pull from the diaphragm.
AbstractThe normal diaphragm has an inspiratory action on the lower ribs, but subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease commonly have an inward displacement of the lateral portions of the lower rib cage during inspiration. This paradoxical displacement, conventionally called ‘Hoover's sign’, has traditionally been attributed to the direct action of radially oriented diaphragmatic muscle fibres. In the present study, the inspiratory intercostal muscles in all interspaces in anaesthetized dogs were severed so that the diaphragm was the only muscle active during inspiration. The displacements of the lower ribs along the craniocaudal and laterolateral axes and the changes in pleural pressure (∆Ppl) and transdiaphragmatic pressure were measured during occluded breaths and mechanical ventilation at different lung volumes between functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity. From these data, the separate effects on rib displacement of ∆Ppl and of the force exerted by the diaphragm on the ribs were determined. Isolated spontaneous diaphragm contraction at FRC displaced the lower ribs cranially and outward, but this motion was progressively reversed into a caudal and inward motion as lung volume increased. However, although the force exerted by the diaphragm on the ribs decreased with increasing volume, it continued to displace the ribs cranially and outward. These observations suggest that Hoover's sign is usually caused by the decrease in the zone of apposition and, thus, by the dominant effect of ∆Ppl on the lower ribs, rather than an inward pull from the diaphragm.
Ano1, a Ca2+‐activated Cl− channel, coordinates contractility in mouse intestine by Ca2+ transient coordination between interstitial cells of Cajal
Authors: Singh Raman Deep , Gibbons Simon J. , Saravanaperumal Siva Arumugam , Du Peng , Hennig Grant W. , Eisenman Seth T. , Mazzone Amelia , Hayashi Yujiro , Cao Chike , Stoltz Gary J. , Ordog Tamas , Rock Jason R. , Harfe Brian D. , Szurszewski Joseph H. , Farrugia Gianrico 
Published: July 2014

Key points
Ano1, a Ca2+‐activated Cl− channel, is expressed in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) throughout the gut. We report here that it is required to maintain coordinated Ca2+ transients within myenteric ICC of mouse small intestine. Ca2+ transients in Ano1 WT mice were rhythmic and coordinated whereas uncoordinated Ca2+ transients were seen in knockout mice.
Ca2+ transients were un‐coordinated following pharmacological block of Ano1 in WT mice using niflumic acid, 5‐nitro‐2‐(3‐phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid and 4,4′‐diisothiocyanato‐2,2′‐stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt. Transient knockdown of Ano1 in organotypic cultures with short hairpin RNA to Ano1 in WT tissues also caused loss of coordinated Ca2+ transients.
Contractility of Ano1 knockout mouse intestinal segments in organ bath experiments was significantly decreased, less coordinated and non‐rhythmic. Spatiotemporal maps from knockout mouse small intestine also showed loss of phasic contractile activity.
This study provides important information on the basic mechanisms driving coordinated contractile activity in the gastrointestinal tract.
AbstractInterstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are pacemaker cells that generate electrical activity to drive contractility in the gastrointestinal tract via ion channels. Ano1 (Tmem16a), a Ca2+‐activated Cl− channel, is an ion channel expressed in ICC. Genetic deletion of Ano1 in mice resulted in loss of slow waves in smooth muscle of small intestine. In this study, we show that Ano1 is required to maintain coordinated Ca2+ transients between myenteric ICC (ICC‐MY) of small intestine. First, we found spontaneous Ca2+ transients in ICC‐MY in both Ano1 WT and knockout (KO) mice. However, Ca2+ transients within the ICC‐MY network in Ano1 KO mice were uncoordinated, while ICC‐MY Ca2+ transients in Ano1 WT mice were rhythmic and coordinated. To confirm the role of Ano1 in the loss of Ca2+ transient coordination, we used pharmacological inhibitors of Ano1 activity and shRNA‐mediated knock down of Ano1 expression in organotypic cultures of Ano1 WT small intestine. Coordinated Ca2+ transients became uncoordinated using both these approaches, supporting the conclusion that Ano1 is required to maintain coordination/rhythmicity of Ca2+ transients. We next determined the effect on smooth muscle contractility using spatiotemporal maps of contractile activity in Ano1 KO and WT tissues. Significantly decreased contractility that appeared to be non‐rhythmic and uncoordinated was observed in Ano1 KO jejunum. In conclusion, Ano1 has a previously unidentified role in the regulation of coordinated gastrointestinal smooth muscle function through coordination of Ca2+ transients in ICC‐MY.
Draft Genome Sequence of Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Associated with
Hyalomma marginatum
Ticks
Authors: Sentausa Erwin , El Karkouri Khalid , Michelle Caroline , Raoult Didier , Fournier Pierre-Edouard 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Rickettsia aeschlimannii
is a tick-associated human pathogen. We report here the draft genome of
R. aeschlimannii
strain MC16, isolated from
Hyalomma marginatum marginatum
ticks collected in Morocco.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Marine Phototrophic Bacteria, Erythrobacter longus Strain DSM 6997 and Erythrobacter litoralis Strain DSM 8509
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Rui , Zheng Qiang , Jiao Nianzhi 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB) are important functional groups and are widely distributed in the global upper ocean. Here we report the draft genomic sequences of two marine AAPB isolates belonging to the genus
Erythrobacter
,
Erythrobacter longus
strain DSM 6997 and
Erythrobacter litoralis
strain DSM 8509.
Whole-Genome Sequence of CMY-2 β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strain L-3553
Authors: Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Lee Ken-ichi , Kuroda Makoto , Kusumoto Masahiro , Iwata Taketoshi , Uchida Ikuo , Tanaka Kiyoshi , Tamamura Yukino , Akiba Masato 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium pulsed-field gel electrophoresis cluster VII has been isolated from cattle populations in Japan since the mid-2000s. Some cluster VII isolates exhibited extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance defined by the
bla
CMY-2
gene located in a chromosomal genomic island, GI-VII-6. We determined the whole-genome sequence of strain L-3553 as the reference strain.
Draft Whole Genome Sequence of Bacillus pumilus Strain 3-19, a Chemical Mutant Overproducing Extracellular Ribonuclease
Authors: Ulyanova Vera , Shah Mahmud Raihan , Dudkina Elena , Vershinina Valentina , Ilinskaya Olga 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we present a draft genome sequence of
Bacillus pumilus
strain 3-19. It was derived from soil-isolated
B. pumilus
7P using chemical mutagenesis and is characterized by elevated production of extracellular ribonuclease which is known to possess different biological activities with potential of applications in experimental research, medicine, and biotechnology.
Improved Draft Genome Sequence of Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus gasseri K7
Authors: Treven Primož , Trmčić Aljoša , Bogovič Matijašić Bojana , Rogelj Irena 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus gasseri
K7 is an isolate from infant feces and has
in vitro
and
in vivo
established probiotic properties. Here, we report the improved version of the draft genome sequence, which comprises 8 scaffolds (13 contigs), a total length of 1.99 Mb, and 1,841 predicted protein-coding sequences.
Draft Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes Strain LI0521 (syn. HPB7171), Isolated in 1983 during an Outbreak in Massachusetts Caused by Contaminated Cheese
Authors: Pightling Arthur W. , Lin Min , Pagotto Franco 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
, a pathogenic food-borne bacterium, is the causative agent of both sporadic and outbreak cases of human listeriosis. Here, we present the genome sequence of
L. monocytogenes
reference strain LI0521, isolated during an outbreak involving contaminated cheese, which has been used as the model during several proteomic studies.
Draft Genome Sequence of Komagataeibacter rhaeticus Strain AF1, a High Producer of Cellulose, Isolated from Kombucha Tea
Authors: dos Santos Renato Augusto Corrêa , Berretta Andresa A. , Barud Hernane da Silva , Ribeiro Sidney José Lima , González-García Laura Natalia , Zucchi Tiago Domingues , Goldman Gustavo H. , Riaño-Pachón Diego M. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Komagatabaeicter rhaeticus
strain AF1, which was isolated from Kombucha tea and is capable of producing high levels of cellulose.
Risk factors for bone metastasis in patients with primary lung cancer: study protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Niu Yu-Jie , Wen Yin-Tian , Shen Wei-Wei , Deng Lin , Liu Li-Li , Zhang He-Long 
Published: July 2014

IntroductionBone metastasis (BM) in patients with primary lung cancer poses a serious health problem. Numerous risk factors have been hypothesised to predict BM in these patients, but research studies are of mutable quality, and may not be of value in clinical evaluation.Methods and analysisWe will search a number of electronic databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). We will carry out a secondary search for articles from references of included articles (from January 1990 to June 2014). Primary and secondary outcomes will be BM and skeletal-related events information. We will summarise the effect estimates of risk factors and use random-effect models to pool the estimates, if the outcomes and characteristics in studies are comparable. The quality of the study will be assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Collaboration tool.Trial registration numberCRD42013003744.
Does child–parent resemblance in body weight status vary by sociodemographic factors in the USA?
Authors: Zhang Qi , Lamichhane Rajan , Chen Hsin-Jen , Xue Hong , Wang Youfa 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundClustered obese parents and children are prevalent, but there is little knowledge about whether and how child–parent resemblance varies by sociodemographic groups.MethodsThis paper used nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES: 1988–1994). We matched 4958 parents with 6765 children aged 2–16 years old for whom we had complete data on body mass index (BMI), overweight and obesity status. Correlation coefficients and κ statistics between parents’ and children's BMI and body weight status were calculated for different sociodemographic groups. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were fit to study the child–parent resemblance and socioeconomic and demographic differences in the resemblance.ResultsThe child–parent correlation coefficients for BMI were greater in Caucasians than in minorities and greater in groups with higher socioeconomic status. The mother–child resemblance in BMI was negatively associated with child age (p<0.001). The mother–daughter resemblance in overweight was significantly lower in non-Hispanic blacks (OR=0.53, 95% CI (0.36 to 0.78)) and Mexican Americans (OR=0.58, 95% CI (0.36 to 0.93)) than in Caucasians. The father–child resemblance in overweight was significantly lower in high school graduates compared with those with less-than-high-school-graduate fathers (OR=0.53, 95% CI (0.37 to 0.77) for father–son dyads and OR=0.69, 95% CI (0.50 to 0.96) for father–daughter dyads). Similar results were found for parent–child resemblance in obesity.ConclusionsChild–parent resemblance in body weight status exists across sociodemographic groups in the USA, but it varies by demographics and socioeconomic status.
Amenable mortality by household income and living arrangements: a linked register-based study of Finnish men and women in 2000–2007
Authors: Manderbacka Kristiina , Peltonen Riina , Martikainen Pekka 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundMortality amenable to healthcare interventions has increasingly been used as an indirect indicator of the effect of healthcare on health inequalities. Studies have consistently shown socioeconomic differences in amenable mortality, but evidence on the joint effects of multiple socioeconomic and demographic factors is limited. We examined whether income and living arrangements have an independent effect on amenable mortality taking into account other dimensions of social position.MethodsThe longitudinal and yearly updated individual level data were derived from different administrative registers and obtained from Statistics Finland. The data set includes an 11% random sample of all individuals aged 25–74 years at the end of 1999 and an 80% oversample of deaths in the follow-up period between 2000 and 2007. We used Cox proportional hazard regression with appropriate weights.ResultsWe found twofold to threefold differences in amenable mortality between the top and bottom income quintiles. These differences were found to be largely attenuated by economic activity and living arrangements. We also found differences in amenable mortality by living arrangements suggesting that those living alone, as well as lone parents and those cohabiting have higher amenable mortality. These differences were largely independent of our indicators of socioeconomic position and economic activity.ConclusionsWhile our results give indirect support to the hypothesis that income differences in amenable mortality may be at least partially due to barriers in access to care, the large independent effects of living arrangements on amenable mortality suggest that seeking care may also have an impact.
Chapter 15 The rock coasts of oceanic islands
Authors: Woodroffe Colin D. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Oceanic plates are geologically young, forming at mid-ocean ridges and becoming deeper and older with distance away from these spreading centres, to be subducted into ocean trenches. Most of the islands that occur on these oceanic plates are basaltic, formed at hot spots, and carried into deeper water as the plate migrates. In tropical reef-forming seas, volcanic islands are usually protected by coral reefs, and undergo transition from fringing reefs, to barrier reefs, to atolls, as envisaged by Darwin. Linear island chains comprise volcanic islands at successive stages in the progression from volcano through coral reefs to seamounts and guyots. Erosion occurs rapidly in the early stages once eruption has ceased, and older islands are conspicuously dissected by fluvial action, as observed by Dana. Many are subject to submarine slumping. In the absence of coral reefs, marine abrasion truncates islands, producing near-vertical cliffs, and islands may be entirely bevelled; Balls Pyramid in the southern Pacific appears to be at the penultimate stage of this planation with a broad shelf around it. Coral reefs protect the shoreline, which is usually deeply embayed, with progressive subsidence until volcanic residuals are all that remain on ‘almost-atolls’. Reef limestones indicate earlier phases of reef formation, and there are limestone cliffs around many tropical islands composed of Last Interglacial limestone often veneering older reef terraces. In some cases, the morphology of these limestone coasts contains prominent notches or surf benches reflecting different degrees of exposure to wave energy, or subtle flexure and vertical displacement. Islands provide discrete examples of rocky coasts, with contrasts between adjacent islands, or islands of different ages, providing many insights into the evolutionary stages and the morphodynamics of bold coasts.
Chapter 16 The rock coasts of polar and sub-polar regions
Authors: Hansom J. D. , Forbes D. L. , Etienne S. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Polar and subpolar coasts are distinctive owing to the presence of ice on land as permafrost, ground ice and glacier ice, and in the sea as tidewater glaciers, icebergs, ice shelves and sea ice. Most of these coasts remain glaciated or are recently deglaciated so their geomorphology carries a strong glacial signature. The morphogenetic environment of polar and subpolar coasts is dominated by extreme seasonality with winter development of sea ice and a shore-fast ice foot that excludes wave activity and is primarily protective. However, sea ice may also be erosional at any time of year but is most effective as an erosional agent on polar coasts between freeze-up and break-up, when wave activity forces sea ice to repeatedly impact the shore. Depending on latitude, the short summers are characterized by wave and sea ice erosion at high latitudes and by wave activity at lower latitudes. The contribution of frost weathering to cliff and shore platform development in polar and subpolar rock coasts is unclear, but is likely to be an important influence. Rock coasts are widespread in the Arctic and sub-Arctic, including Iceland, and in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic the limited ice-free coast is almost entirely rock-dominated.
Chapter 4 The rock coast of the British Isles: shore platforms
Authors: Moses Cherith A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Rock shore platforms, present on at least half of the 20 500 km-long coastline of the British Isles, are usually backed by cliffs of varying heights. They form in a range of material types from soft cohesive sediment to sedimentary and metamorphic rocks of varying strengths to very resistant igneous rocks. Lithology influences platform erosion rates: glacial till>London Clay>chalk>schist>limestone>basalt and granite. Chalk platform erosion rates adjacent to engineering structures are significantly higher than elsewhere on the platform. There are no published reports of erosion rates on British platforms developed in igneous rocks such as basalt and granite because they have proved too resistant to record values using a micro-erosion meter. The most intensively studied shore platforms in the British Isles are on Blue Lias limestone in south Wales and Cretaceous chalk in SE England and there is a need for more detailed studies on additional rock types, particularly for understanding key controls on platform morphology and rates of erosion. The issue of whether the shore platforms exposed at present day mean sea-level are inherited from earlier periods remains. The role of platform erosion in helping to drive cliff retreat is understudied and evidence that engineering structures may enhance platform erosion rates comes from only one rock type. Predicted climate change and sea-level rise scenarios combined with more intensive management of coastal systems mean that it is important to improve understanding of platform systems and their link to cliffs. There is much scope, using established and new methods of investigation, to address the issues raised by existing studies of shore platforms of the British Isles.