bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Test of a Hybrid Finite‐Difference and Analytic Element Regional Model
Authors: Abrams D.B. , Haitjema H.M. , Feinstein D.T. , Hunt R.J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRegional finite‐difference models often have cell sizes that are too large to sufficiently model well‐stream interactions. Here, a steady‐state hybrid model is applied whereby the upper layer or layers of a coarse MODFLOW model are replaced by the analytic element model GFLOW, which represents surface waters and wells as line and point sinks. The two models are coupled by transferring cell‐by‐cell leakage obtained from the original MODFLOW model to the bottom of the GFLOW model. A real‐world test of the hybrid model approach is applied on a subdomain of an existing model of the Lake Michigan Basin. The original (coarse) MODFLOW model consists of six layers, the top four of which are aggregated into GFLOW as a single layer, while the bottom two layers remain part of MODFLOW in the hybrid model. The hybrid model and a refined “benchmark” MODFLOW model simulate similar baseflows. The hybrid and benchmark models also simulate similar baseflow reductions due to nearby pumping when the well is located within the layers represented by GFLOW. However, the benchmark model requires refinement of the model grid in the local area of interest, while the hybrid approach uses a gridless top layer and is thus unaffected by grid discretization errors. The hybrid approach is well suited to facilitate cost‐effective retrofitting of existing coarse grid MODFLOW models commonly used for regional studies because it leverages the strengths of both finite‐difference and analytic element methods for predictions in mildly heterogeneous systems that can be simulated with steady‐state conditions.
Multicenter cooperative case survey of hepatitis B virus reactivation by chemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Takahashi Hideaki , Ikeda Masafumi , Kumada Takashi , Osaki Yukio , Kondo Shunsuke , Kusumoto Shigeru , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Nadano Seijin , Furuse Junji , Kudo Masatoshi , Ito Kiyoaki , Yokoyama Masahiro , Okusaka Takuji , Shimoyama Masanori , Mizokami Masashi 
Published: January 2015

AimThe purpose of this multicenter cooperative study was to elucidate the clinical features of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation by chemotherapeutic agents and the patient outcomes after HBV reactivation by a retrospective review of accumulated patients’ medical records.MethodsRecords of a total of 27 patients (hematological malignancy, 14 patients; solid tumor, 13 patients) from 11 institutions who were diagnosed between June 2005 and October 2010 as having HBV reactivation following chemotherapy were reviewed.ResultsOf the 27 patients with reactivation, 16 patients were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and 11 were HBsAg negative prior to the commencement of chemotherapy. Of the 11 patients who were HBsAg negative prior to the chemotherapy, 10 had hematological malignancies and one had a solid tumor. Of the 14 patients with hematological malignancies with HBV reactivation enrolled in the study, the reactivation occurred more than 12 months after the completion of chemotherapy in five patients (36%); on the other hand, none of the patients (0%) with solid tumors developed HBV reactivation more than 12 months after the completion of chemotherapy. Of the 24 patients who had acute liver dysfunction at the diagnosis of HBV reactivation, nine (38%) had severe hepatitis and seven (29%) died of liver failure.ConclusionMost of the patients with HBV reactivation who were HBsAg negative prior to the chemotherapy had underlying hematological malignancies. Furthermore, patients with hematological malignancies often developed late‐onset HBV reactivation. The prognosis of patients who develop acute liver dysfunction as a complication of HBV reactivation is extremely dismal.
Seral changes in ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) assemblages in the sub‐boreal forests of British Columbia
Authors: Higgins Robert J. , Lindgren B. S. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Despite their ubiquity, ant assemblages in the sub‐boreal forests of British Columbia, Canada, are largely unknown.

Ant assemblages and area densities of species colonies were characterised in lodgepole pine‐leading forests through strip‐plot hand sampling of coarse woody debris (CWD), with species richness supplementation through pitfall trapping and mini‐Winkler sampling of forest floor litter, over five seral ages.

Seventeen species of ants were identified across all seral ages. Ant assemblage dissimilarity (non‐metric multidimensional scaling) determined from CWD (i.e. ordination separation between sites) decreased through early seral ages then began to increase in later seral ages.

Despite a species richness curve superficially consistent with competitive exclusion developing in later seral ages, the overall decline in all species abundances with advancing seral age, the low colony densities, and the persistence of only an ecologically subordinate species in the oldest seral age, argued against competitive exclusion and for a thermally based hypothesis of evolved species tolerance.

Successional facilitation and examples of the role of individual life history characteristics were also noted with seral progression.
Synthesis of Alumina Nanowires in a Cordierite Pore Structure by a CVD Process Using a Powder Source
Authors: Park Si Jung , Kim Jun Gyu , Choi Doo Jin 
Published: January 2015

We fabricated a composite cordierite pore structure with alumina (Al2O3) nanowires by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The Al2O3 nanowires were grown in a horizontal Al2O3 tube furnace by CVD using an aluminum (Al) powder source without the use of any catalysts at a temperature of 1200°C and a pressure of 0.27 kPa. The source evaporation region was at the center of the furnace, and the nanowire deposition region was at the rear of the furnace. By the transport of evaporated species by a carrier gas, nanowires grew in the inner pores of the cordierite filter region at the rear of the furnace at 1200°C, while nanowires did not grow in the center region at 1400°C. We performed nanowire deposition as a function of the deposition time and determined the relationship between the deposition time and BET surface area.
Analysis of a global random stratified sample of nurse legislation
Authors: Benton D.C. , Fernández‐Fernández M.P. , González‐Jurado M.A. , Beneit‐Montesinos J.V. 
Published: January 2015

AimTo identify, compare and contrast the major component parts of heterogeneous stratified sample of nursing legislation.BackgroundNursing legislation varies from one jurisdiction to another. Up until now no research exists into whether the variations of such legislation are random or if variations are related to a set of key attributes.MethodsThis mixed method study used a random stratified sample of legislation to map through documentary analysis the content of 14 nursing acts and then explored, using quantitative techniques, whether the material contained relates to a number of key attributes. These attributes include: legal tradition of the jurisdiction; model of regulation; administrative approach; area of the world; and the economic status of the jurisdiction.FindingsTwelve component parts of nursing legislation were identified. These were remarkably similar irrespective of attributes of interest. However, not all component parts were specified in the same level of detail and the manner by which the elements were addressed did vary. A number of potential relationships between the structure of the legislation and the key attributes of interest were identified.Conclusions and Implications for PolicyThis study generated a comprehensive and integrated map of a global sample of nursing legislation. It provides a set of descriptors to be used to undertake further quantitative work and provides an important policy tool to facilitate dialogue between regulatory bodies. At the individual nurse level it offers insights that can help nurses pursue recognition of credentials across jurisdictions.
Effects of Initial Powder Size on the Densification of Barium Titanate Ceramics Prepared by Microwave‐Assisted Sintering
Authors: Yun Han‐Sol , Kim Hyo‐Han , Jeong Dae‐Yong , Cho Nam‐Hee 
Published: January 2015

The effects of initial powder size on microwave‐assisted sintering (MWS) were investigated. BaTiO3 powders with an average particle size of 50, 100, and 500 nm were prepared and sintered with MWS and conventional heating‐based sintering (CS). Samples of the 50 ‐ and 100‐nm‐sized BaTiO3 powders were mechanically milled to study the effects of powder crystallinity on microwave absorption during the MWS process. The MWS of the 50‐nm‐sized BaTiO3 powder resulted in a relative mass density of more than 90% when sintered at 1050°C, whereas the same density was achieved at 1200°C with CS. This difference between the optimal sintering temperatures, which is caused by the absorption of microwaves, was not observed when the 500‐nm‐sized BaTiO3 powder was used. The sinterability of the BaTiO3 ceramics prepared through the MWS of mechanically milled, 50‐nm‐sized powders decreased with increasing milling time. However, the sinterability was much higher than that of the BaTiO3 ceramics prepared through the MWS of the 100‐ and 500‐nm‐sized unmilled powders. In conclusion, microwave absorption has significant effects on the sintering behavior of ~50‐nm‐sized powders, but is negligible for 500‐nm‐sized powders.
Track analysis beyond panbiogeography
Authors: Morrone Juan J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimPanbiogeography, as originally formulated by Léon Croizat, assumed that vicariance and range expansion are the only biogeographical processes needed to explain general biotic distributions. This was in opposition to the prevailing paradigm at the time, known as dispersalism, which postulates that organisms evolve in ‘centres of origin’ from pre‐existing species and then randomly cross barriers to occupy new areas, where they adapt and evolve into new species. The panbiogeographic approach is implemented through track analysis, which consists of three basic steps: constructing individual tracks for two or more different taxa, obtaining generalized tracks where two or more different individual tracks coincide, and identifying nodes in the areas where two or more generalized tracks intersect. In this synthesis I discuss some criticisms that have been directed at panbiogeography and track analysis.LocationGlobal.MethodsI evaluated the papers with track analyses that have been published in the last few decades and the critiques provided by several authors.ResultsMost of the critiques have been directed at the original panbiogeographic approach, with its complete or almost complete reliance on vicariance explanations. Track analyses published in the 1980s and 1990s usually applied a strict vicariance explanation; however, most of the analyses published in the last 10 years or so consider both vicariance and dispersal to explain the observed patterns.Main conclusionsAlthough Croizat's metaphor ‘Earth and life evolve together’ may be a useful guide to understanding broad, general patterns, the relationships between Earth history and life are more complex because biotic history is reticulate. To reduce our explanations exclusively to vicariance or dispersal is misguided. We should integrate both processes into a dispersal–vicariance model that allows us to understand the evolution of biotic distributions, incorporating the dating of the lineages and the identification of the cenocrons (sets of taxa that share the same biogeographical history) that coexist within biotas. In the framework of this model, panbiogeographic track analysis is a useful method for identifying biotas, and may constitute the first step of an evolutionary biogeographical analysis.
Implicit sequence learning in juvenile anorexia nervosa: neural mechanisms and the impact of starvation
Authors: Firk Christine , Mainz Verena , Schulte‐Ruether Martin , Fink Gereon , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate , Konrad Kerstin 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported that cognitive deficits occur in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and that these deficits may represent a predisposition towards developing AN or perpetuate the disorder. Specifically, dysfunctional implicit learning may contribute to the development of highly resistant dieting behaviours that are fundamental to the persistence of the disorder. Thus, the aims of this study were (a) to investigate implicit sequence learning in adolescent patients with AN before and after weight recovery and (b) to elucidate the associated neural mechanisms in acute AN relative to healthy controls.MethodsIn a behavioural study, implicit sequence learning was assessed using a serial reaction time task in 27 adolescents with AN before (T1) and after weight recovery (T2) compared with age‐matched healthy controls (HC) who were assessed at similar time intervals. The neural correlates of implicit sequence learning were subsequently investigated in 19 AN patients shortly after they were admitted to the hospital and 20 HC using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).ResultsAt T1, AN patients showed reduced sequence learning compared with HC. However, no behavioural differences between HC and AN patients were found at T2. At the neural level, acute AN patients showed reduced thalamic activation during sequence learning compared with HC subjects.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the impaired implicit learning observed in adolescent AN patients before weight gain is a state‐related dysfunction that normalises with weight gain. Thus, implicit learning deficits do not appear to represent a predisposition towards developing AN; rather, these deficits should be considered when planning psychotherapeutic interventions for acute AN. Reduced thalamic activation during the acute stage of AN may indicate a starvation‐induced dysfunction of the neural circuitry that is involved in behavioural flexibility.
Norway spruce (Picea abies) laccases: Characterization of a laccase in a lignin‐forming tissue culture
Authors: Koutaniemi Sanna , Malmberg Heli A. , Simola Liisa K. , Teeri Teemu H. , Kärkönen Anna 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSecondarily thickened cell walls of water‐conducting vessels and tracheids and support‐giving sclerenchyma cells contain lignin that makes the cell walls water impermeable and strong. To what extent laccases and peroxidases contribute to lignin biosynthesis in muro is under active evaluation. We performed an in silico study of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) laccases utilizing available genomic data. As many as 292 laccase encoding sequences (genes, gene fragments, and pseudogenes) were detected in the spruce genome. Out of the 112 genes annotated as laccases, 79 are expressed at some level. We isolated five full‐length laccase cDNAs from developing xylem and an extracellular lignin‐forming cell culture of spruce. In addition, we purified and biochemically characterized one culture medium laccase from the lignin‐forming cell culture. This laccase has an acidic pH optimum (pH 3.8–4.2) for coniferyl alcohol oxidation. It has a high affinity to coniferyl alcohol with an apparent Km value of 3.5 μM; however, the laccase has a lower catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) for coniferyl alcohol oxidation compared with some purified culture medium peroxidases. The properties are discussed in the context of the information already known about laccases/coniferyl alcohol oxidases of coniferous plants.
High‐resolution, high‐throughput imaging with a multibeam scanning electron microscope
Authors: EBERLE A.L. , MIKULA S. , SCHALEK R. , LICHTMAN J. , TATE M.L. KNOTHE , ZEIDLER D. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryElectron–electron interactions and detector bandwidth limit the maximal imaging speed of single‐beam scanning electron microscopes. We use multiple electron beams in a single column and detect secondary electrons in parallel to increase the imaging speed by close to two orders of magnitude and demonstrate imaging for a variety of samples ranging from biological brain tissue to semiconductor wafers.
Alteration of mTOR signaling occurs early in the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD): analysis of brain from subjects with pre‐clinical AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment and late‐stage AD
Authors: Tramutola Antonella , Triplett Judy C. , Di Domenico Fabio , Niedowicz Dana M. , Murphy Michael P. , Coccia Raffaella , Perluigi Marzia , Butterfield D. Allan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe clinical symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD) include a gradual memory loss and subsequent dementia, and neuropathological deposition of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. At the molecular level, AD subjects present overt amyloid β (Aβ) production and tau hyperphosphorylation. Aβ species have been proposed to overactivate the phosphoinositide3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis, which plays a central role in proteostasis. The current study investigated the status of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in post‐mortem tissue from the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) at three different stages of AD: late AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and pre‐clinical AD (PCAD). Our findings suggest that the alteration of mTOR signaling and autophagy occurs at early stages of AD. We found a significant increase in Aβ (1–42) levels, associated with reduction in autophagy (Beclin‐1 and LC‐3) observed in PCAD, MCI, and AD subjects. Related to the autophagy impairment, we found a hyperactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in IPL of MCI and AD subjects, but not in PCAD, along with a significant decrease in phosphatase and tensin homolog. An increase in two mTOR downstream targets, p70S6K and 4EBP1, occurred in AD and MCI subjects. Both AD and MCI subjects showed increased, insulin receptor substrate 1, a candidate biomarker of brain insulin resistance, and GSK‐3β, a kinase targeting tau phosphorylation. Nevertheless, tau phosphorylation was increased in the clinical groups. The results hint at a link between Aβ and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis and provide further insights into the relationship between AD pathology and insulin resistance. In addition, we speculate that the alteration of mTOR signaling in the IPL of AD and MCI subjects, but not in PCAD, is due to the lack of substantial increase in oxidative stress.
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The figure represents the three different stages of Alzheimer Disease: Preclinical Alzheimer Disease (PCAD), Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and late stage of Alzheimer Disease. The progression of the disease is associated with a reduction in autophagy (Beclin‐1 and LC‐3) observed in Inferior parietal lobe of PCAD, MCI, and AD subjects (light red). Related to the autophagy impairment, the graph shows the impairment of PI3K/Akt/mTOR in MCI and AD subjects (dark red).
Quantitative expression proteomics and phosphoproteomics profile of brain from PINK1 knockout mice: insights into mechanisms of familial Parkinson's disease
Authors: Triplett Judy C. , Zhang Zhaoshu , Sultana Rukhsana , Cai Jian , Klein Jon B. , Büeler Hansruedi , Butterfield David Allan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is an age‐related, neurodegenerative motor disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and presence of α‐synuclein‐containing protein aggregates. Mutations in the mitochondrial Ser/Thr kinase PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1) are associated with an autosomal recessive familial form of early‐onset PD. Recent studies have suggested that PINK1 plays important neuroprotective roles against mitochondrial dysfunction by phosphorylating and recruiting Parkin, a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase, to facilitate elimination of damaged mitochondria via autophagy‐lysosomal pathways. Loss of PINK1 in cells and animals leads to various mitochondrial impairments and oxidative stress, culminating in dopaminergic neuronal death in humans. Using a 2‐D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis proteomics approach, the differences in expressed brain proteome and phosphoproteome between 6‐month‐old PINK1‐deficient mice and wild‐type mice were identified. The observed changes in the brain proteome and phosphoproteome of mice lacking PINK1 suggest that defects in signaling networks, energy metabolism, cellular proteostasis, and neuronal structure and plasticity are involved in the pathogenesis of familial PD.
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Mutations in PINK1 are associated with an early‐onset form of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study examines changes in the proteome and phosphoproteome of the PINK1 knockout mouse brain. Alterations were noted in several key proteins associated with: increased oxidative stress, aberrant cellular signaling, altered neuronal structure, decreased synaptic plasticity, reduced neurotransmission, diminished proteostasis networks, and altered metabolism. 14‐3‐3ε, 14‐3‐3 protein epsilon; 3‐PGDH, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; ALDOA, aldolase A; APT1, acyl‐protein thioesterase 1; CaM, calmodulin; CBR3, carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 3; ENO2, gamma‐enolase; HPRT, hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase; HSP70, heat‐shock‐related 70 kDa protein 2; IDHc, cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP+]; MAPK1, mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1; MEK1, MAP kinase kinase 1; MDHc, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase; NFM, neurofilament medium polypeptide; NSF, N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive fusion protein; PHB, prohibitin; PINK1, PTEN‐induced putative kinase 1; PPIaseA, peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase A; PSA2, proteasome subunit alpha type‐2; TK, transketolase; VDAC‐2, voltage‐dependent anion‐selective channel protein 2.
Mandatory Portfolio Disclosure, Stock Liquidity, and Mutual Fund Performance
Authors: AGARWAL VIKAS , MULLALLY KEVIN A. , TANG YUEHUA , YANG BAOZHONG 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTWe examine the impact of mandatory portfolio disclosure by mutual funds on stock liquidity and fund performance. We develop a model of informed trading with disclosure and test its predictions using the May 2004 SEC regulation requiring more frequent disclosure. Stocks with higher fund ownership, especially those held by more informed funds or subject to greater information asymmetry, experience larger increases in liquidity after the regulation change. More informed funds, especially those holding stocks with greater information asymmetry, experience greater performance deterioration after the regulation change. Overall, mandatory disclosure improves stock liquidity but imposes costs on informed investors.
Prosthodontics Treatment Considerations for Methamphetamine‐Dependent Patients
Authors: Gantos Meredith A. , Manzotti Anna , Yuan Judy Chia‐Chun , Afshari Fatemeh S. , Marinis Aristotelis , Syros George , Rynn Michelle Howard , Sukotjo Cortino 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOvert dental disease is a distinguishing comorbidity associated with methamphetamine abuse, necessitating the need for special management to maximize treatment benefits. As this highly addictive stimulant increases in popularity, it has become imperative that clinicians are equipped to thoughtfully provide comprehensive care for these patients. This article reviews the impact of methamphetamine to systemic and oral health and proposes a comprehensive treatment plan and sequence for the methamphetamine‐dependent patient. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended. Destructive oral and psychological changes must be identified and controlled. A thorough risk assessment, caries control, and preventative plan should be established before initiating prosthodontic treatment. Patient motivation, support, and a timely recall schedule are integral for dental longevity.
Praying to Die
Authors: Crane Jonathan K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPrayer has long been a staple in the proverbial Jewish medical toolbox. While the vast majority of relevant prayers seek renewed health and prolonged life, what might prayers for someone to die look like? What ethical dimensions are involved in such liturgical expressions? By examining both prayers for oneself to die and prayers for someone else to die, this essay discerns reasons why it may be good and even necessary to pray for a patient's demise.