bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a topical aqueous oxygen emulsion on collagen deposition and angiogenesis in a porcine deep partial‐thickness wound model
Authors: Li Jie , Ollague Sierra Jose , Zhu Linjian , Tang Ling , Rahill Kirah , El‐Sabawi Bassim , Liu‐Mares Wen , Mertz Patricia M. , Davis Stephen C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA porcine deep partial‐thickness wound model was used to evaluate the effects of a newly developed topical aqueous oxygen emulsion (TOE) on wound repair. The wounds were treated with TOE, which contains super‐saturated oxygen or vehicle control. Semiquantitative immunofluorescent staining was performed to examine protein production for type I and type III collagen and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Immunofluorescent staining revealed higher protein levels of type I and type III collagen and VEGF in the TOE treatment group. Histological analysis also revealed improved angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation with topical TOE treatment and was consistent with the protein expression. In addition, the histology examination demonstrated faster epithelialization in wounds treated with TOE. The study suggests that sustained high levels of oxygen released by TOE may promote the process of wound repair through increasing collagen deposition and angiogenesis as well as stimulating epithelialization.
Implications of enzyme deficiencies on mitochondrial energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species formation of neurons involved in rotenone‐induced Parkinson's disease: a model‐based analysis
Authors: Berndt Nikolaus , Holzhütter Herrmann‐Georg , Bulik Sascha 
Published: August 2013

Steadily growing experimental evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the age‐dependent impairment of nerve cells underlying several neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the citric acid cycle enzyme complex α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHC) and respiratory chain complex I of the respiratory chain often show reduced activities in the dopaminergic neurons involved in Parkinson's disease, both giving rise to an impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism as demonstrated in a number of in vitro studies with cell lines as well as isolated mitochondria. To understand the metabolic regulation underlying these experimental findings we used a detailed kinetic model of mitochondrial energy metabolism. First, we investigated the effect of complex I inhibition on energy production and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Next, we applied the model to a situation where both KGDHC and complex I exhibit reduced activities. These calculations reveal synergistic effects with respect to the energy metabolism but antagonistic effects with respect to ROS formation: the drop in the ATP production capacity is more pronounced than at inhibition of either enzyme complex alone. Interestingly, however, the reduction state of the ROS‐generating sites of the impaired complex I becomes significantly lowered if additionally the activity of the KGDHC is reduced. We discuss the pathophysiological consequences of these intriguing findings.
Movement patterns of small benthic fish in lowland headwater streams
Authors: Mitsuo Yoshito , Ohira Mitsuru , Tsunoda Hiroshi , Yuma Masahide 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Understanding the mechanism governing the movements of stream‐dwelling fish is a fundamental issue associated with a diverse range of ecological processes. We examined the movement pattern of a small benthic species, Lefua echigonia, using a mark–recapture technique in small headwater streams. Our main objectives were as follows: (i) to assess the movement range and direction of L. echigonia; (ii) to examine how biotic and abiotic factors affect emigration and immigration patterns and (iii) to assess movement patterns at the stream scale.

Stationary fish accounted for the greatest proportion of recaptured adult L. echigonia. Seventy‐five per cent of recaptured individuals moved <100 m in 12 months after release, and the maximum movement distance was 500 m upstream. Moreover, adult L. echigonia showed significant upstream bias in movements.

According to the results of the generalised linear mixed model GLMM analysis, movement of adult L. echigonia was associated mainly with the density of conspecifics, rather than with habitat quality and body size. Adult L. echigonia were mainly stationary in relatively high‐density sections, and emigration tended to increase with decreasing density. Moreover, mobile individuals were prone to move into relatively high‐density sections.

The proportion of mobile fish showed a strong positive correlation with catchment area at the stream scale. This result indicates that stream discharge can influence the mobility of adult L. echigonia. During baseflow, the water was static in a number of stream sections, which suggests that the influence of catchment area on mobility may be more a function of freshets than normal water flow.
Pathological characteristics of patients who develop hepatocellular carcinoma with negative results of both serous hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibody
Authors: Kondo Reiichiro , Nakashima Osamu , Sata Michio , Imazeki Fumio , Yokosuka Osamu , Tanikawa Ken , Kage Masayoshi , Yano Hirohisa ,   The Liver Cancer Study Group of Kyushu
Published: August 2013

AimWe tried to characterize the pathological features of patients who developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with the negative results of both serous hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibody (non‐B, non‐C).MethodsIn a multicenter study in Kyushu, Japan, we studied the histopathological characteristics of non‐cancerous liver tissues in 129 patients (103 men and 26 women) with non‐B, non‐C HCC. The histological liver damage was evaluated for fibrosis (stage) and inflammation (grade) according to the Ludwig classification of chronic hepatitis. In addition, we examined the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome in serum samples and liver tissues of 20 patients with non‐B, non‐C HCC.ResultsPositivity of serum hepatitis B core (HBc) antibody, alcohol abuse, diabetes and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis were present in 61 (47%), 76 (59%), 57 (44%) and eight (6%) patients, respectively. The degree of fibrosis was mild (stage 1.6 ± 1.2). The stage of patients with neither serum HBc antibody nor alcohol abuse was significantly lower than the stage of patients with HBc antibody and no alcohol abuse (P < 0.05). HBV genome was detected in 15 cancerous tissues (75%) and 16 non‐cancerous liver tissues (80%) in 20 patients with non‐B, non‐C HCC. Only three of the 20 patients were positive for serum HBc antibody.ConclusionNon‐B, non‐C patients appear to develop HCC at a low stage of fibrosis. Occult hepatitis B virus infection is the major risk factor for HCC of non‐B, non‐C patients in Kyushu, Japan.
Evaluation of the automated hematology analyzer ADVIA® 120 for cerebrospinal fluid analysis and usage of unique hemolysis reagent
Authors: Tanada H. , Ikemoto T. , Masutani R. , Tanaka H. , Takubo T. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIntroductionIn this study, we evaluated the performance of the ADVIA 120 hematology system for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assay.MethodsCell counts and leukocyte differentials in CSF were examined with the ADVIA 120 hematology system, while simultaneously confirming an effective hemolysis agent for automated CSF cell counts.ResultsThe detection limits of both white blood cell (WBC) counts and red blood cell (RBC) counts on the measurement of CSF cell counts by the ADVIA 120 hematology system were superior at 2 cells/μL (10−6 L). The WBC count was linear up to 9.850 cells/μL, and the RBC count was linear up to approximately 20 000 cells/μL. The intrarun reproducibility indicated good precision. The leukocyte differential of CSF cells, performed by the ADVIA120 hematology system, showed good correlation with the microscopic procedure. The VersaLyse hemolysis solution efficiently lysed the samples without interfering with cell counts and leukocyte differential, even in a sample that included approximately 50 000/μL RBC.ConclusionThese data show the ADVIA 120 hematology system correctly measured the WBC count and leukocyte differential in CSF. The VersaLyse hemolysis solution is considered to be optimal for hemolysis treatment of CSF when measuring cell counts and differentials by the ADVIA 120 hematology system.
Conversion of Solution‐Derived Perhydropolysilazane Thin Films into Silica in Basic Humid Atmosphere at Room Temperature
Authors: Nakajima Koji , Uchiyama Hiroaki , Kitano Takayuki , Kozuka Hiromitsu 
Published: August 2013

Spin‐on perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) thin films were converted into mechanically hard silica thin films by an exposure to the vapor from aqueous ammonia. Infrared absorption and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses were conducted to clarify the details of the PHPS‐to‐silica conversion and the nature of the silica thin film products. The PHPS‐to‐silica conversion was found to proceed rapidly between 2 and 3 h of exposure via a reaction‐limited process, where the refractive index and the pencil hardness greatly decreased and increased, respectively. Finally, the O/Si mole ratio close to 2 was achieved, which has never been realized in literature for PHPS‐derived silica thin films. It was also found that the condensation of Si–OH groups proceeds in films immediately after PHPS hydrolysis, which is similar to the base‐catalyzed hydrolysis–condensation reaction of silicon alkoxides. Although the silica thin films obtained had refractive indices similar to that of silica glass, high pencil hardness over 9H on Si(100) substrates, and O/Si mole ratios close to 2, it was concluded that they are nonidentical to silica glass, containing trace amounts of Si–OH and Si–H groups.
Diagnostic criteria for acute‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (2012): Report of the Committee of Japan Diabetes Society on the Research of Fulminant and Acute‐onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kawasaki Eiji , Maruyama Taro , Imagawa Akihisa , Awata Takuya , Ikegami Hiroshi , Uchigata Yasuko , Osawa Haruhiko , Kawabata Yumiko , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Shimada Akira , Shimizu Ikki , Takahashi Kazuma , Nagata Masao , Makino Hideichi , Hanafusa Toshiaki 
Published: August 2013

AbstractType 1 diabetes is a disease characterized by destruction of pancreatic β‐cells, which leads to absolute deficiency of insulin secretion. Depending on the manner of onset and progression, it is classified as fulminant, acute‐onset or slowly progressive type 1 diabetes. Here, we propose the diagnostic criteria for acute‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. Among the patients who develop ketosis or diabetic ketoacidosis within 3 months after the onset of hyperglycemic symptoms and require insulin treatment continuously after the diagnosis of diabetes, those with anti‐islet autoantibodies are diagnosed with ‘acute‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (autoimmune)’. In contrast, those whose endogenous insulin secretion is exhausted (fasting serum C‐peptide immunoreactivity <0.6 ng/mL) without verifiable anti‐islet autoantibodies are diagnosed simply with ‘acute‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus’. Patients should be reevaluated after certain periods in case their statuses of anti‐islet autoantibodies and/or endogenous insulin secretory capacity are unknown.
Weak evidence for anticipatory parental effects in plants and animals
Authors: Uller T. , Nakagawa S. , English S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity relies on the presence of cues that enable organisms to adjust their phenotype to match local conditions. Although mostly studied with respect to nonsocial cues, it is also possible that parents transmit information about the environment to their offspring. Such ‘anticipatory parental effects’ or ‘adaptive transgenerational plasticity’ can have important consequences for the dynamics and adaptive potential of populations in heterogeneous environments. Yet, it remains unknown how widespread this form of plasticity is. Using a meta‐analysis of experimental studies with a fully factorial design, we show that there is only weak evidence for higher offspring performance when parental and offspring environments are matched compared with when they are mismatched. Estimates of heterogeneity among studies suggest that effects, when they occur, are subtle. Study features, environmental context, life stage and trait categories all failed to explain significant amounts of variation in effect sizes. We discuss theoretical and methodological reasons for the limited evidence for anticipatory parental effects and suggest ways to improve our understanding of the prevalence of this form of plasticity in nature.
Local climate determines intra‐ and interspecific variation in sexual size dimorphism in mountain grasshopper communities
Authors: Laiolo P. , Illera J. C. , Obeso J. R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe climate is often evoked to explain broad‐scale clines of body size, yet its involvement in the processes that generate size inequality in the two sexes (sexual size dimorphism) remains elusive. Here, we analyse climatic clines of sexual size dimorphism along a wide elevation gradient (i) among grasshopper species in a phylogenetically controlled scenario and (ii) within species differing in distribution and cold tolerance, to highlight patterns generated at different time scales, mainly evolutionary (among species or higher taxa) and ontogenetic or microevolutionary (within species). At the interspecific level, grasshoppers were slightly smaller and less dimorphic at high elevations. These clines were associated with gradients of precipitation and sun exposure, which are likely indicators of other factors that directly exert selective pressures, such as resource availability and conditions for effective thermoregulation. Within species, we found a positive effect of temperature and a negative effect of elevation on body size, especially on condition‐dependent measures of body size (total body length rather than hind femur length) and in species inhabiting the highest elevations. In spite of a certain degree of species‐specific variation, females tended to adjust their body size more often than males, suggesting that body size in females can evolve faster among species and can be more plastic or dependent on nutritional conditions within species living in adverse climates. Natural selection on female body size may therefore prevail over sexual selection on male body size in alpine environments, and abiotic factors may trigger consistent phenotypic patterns across taxonomic scales.
Determination of Some Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Meat and Milk Products
Authors: Gundogan Neslihan , Ataol Ozlem , Torlak Fatma Ozturk 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe aim of this work is to characterize Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from meat and milk products in Ankara, Turkey. A total of 40 S. aureus, 55 E. faecalis and 30 E. faecium isolates were isolated from raw calf meat (minced), chicken drumsticks, raw milk, ice cream and white cheese samples. A high proportion of S. aureus isolates had slime formation (80%), biofilm formation (70%), deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity (53%), hemolytic activity (40%), protease production (80%) and lipase production (45%). The frequency of positive slime formation, DNase activity, hemolysis and protease production for E. faecalis isolates was 36, 5, 7 and 16%, and for E. faecium isolates was 50, 10, 13 and 6%. Neither biofilm formation nor lipase production was detected in Enterococcus isolates. It was found that S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin (77%), ampicillin (67%), erythromycin (30%), tetracycline (25%), chloramphenicol (20%) and gentamicin (17%), but they were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. All Enterococcus spp. isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, teicoplanin, tetracycline and vancomycin, but they were resistant to erythromycin (47%), gentamicin (14%) and penicillin (4%).Practical ApplicationsA number of factors contribute to the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci, including slime, biofilm, deoxyribonuclease, hemolysin, protease and lipase production. Our results suggest that the determination of these traits in food isolates of S. aureus and enterococci could be valuable tests for the meat and dairy industry. Antimicrobial resistance is an important public health concern worldwide. Thus, antibiotic resistance can also be used as adjunct test in the food industry. In the absence of control measures, virulent and antibiotic‐resistant organisms might be transmitted to humans by the consumption of meat, milk and their product.
Malnutrition in children with food allergies in the UK
Authors: Meyer R. , De Koker C. , Dziubak R. , Venter C. , Dominguez‐Ortega G. , Cutts R. , Yerlett N. , Skrapak A.‐K. , Fox A. T. , Shah N. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe mainstay of dietary management of food allergies remains the elimination diet. However, the removal of major food groups may predispose children to an inadequate nutrient intake. We therefore set out to establish growth status in food allergic children receiving dietetic input in the UK.MethodsDietitians were approached via the Food Allergy and Intolerance Specialist Group from the British Dietetic Association and asked to submit anthropometrical data for children with food allergies. Data collected related to the systems involved and number of foods excluded. Malnutrition was defined according to World Health Organization standards.ResultsData from 13 different centres yielded 97 patients (51 male and 46 female) of which 66 excluded ≤2 foods and 31 excluded ≥3 foods. Data indicated that 8.5% had a weight for age ≤ −2 Z‐score and, conversely, 8.5% were ≥2 Z‐score. For height for age, 11.1% were ≤ −2 Z‐score and, for weight for height, 3.7% were ≤ −2 Z‐score and 7.5% ≥2 Z‐score. Type of allergy, system involved and specific food elimination did not impact on the level of malnutrition. However, the elimination of ≥3 foods significantly impacted on weight for age (P = 0.044).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that children with food allergies are more underweight than the general UK population, which appears to be linked to the number of foods excluded. However, the impact of the disease process itself should not be disregarded. Additionally, obesity can also occur in this population despite dietary elimination.
Modulation of intracellular ATP determines adenosine release and functional outcome in response to metabolic stress in rat hippocampal slices and cerebellar granule cells
Authors: Nedden Stephanie zur , Doney Alexander S. , Frenguelli Bruno G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCerebral ischaemia rapidly depletes cellular ATP. Whilst this deprives brain tissue of a valuable energy source, the concomitant production of adenosine mitigates the damaging effects of energy failure by suppressing neuronal activity. However, the production of adenosine and other metabolites, and their loss across the blood–brain barrier, deprives the brain of substrates for the purine salvage pathway, the primary means by which the brain makes ATP. Because of this, cerebral ATP levels remain depressed after brain injury. To test whether manipulating cellular ATP levels in brain tissue could affect functional neuronal outcomes in response to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD), we examined the effects of creatine and d‐ribose and adenine (RibAde). In hippocampal slices creatine delayed ATP breakdown, reduced adenosine release, retarded both the depression of synaptic transmission and the anoxic depolarization caused by OGD, and improved the recovery of transmission. In contrast, RibAde increased cellular ATP, caused increased OGD‐induced adenosine release and accelerated the depression of synaptic transmission, but did not improve functional recovery. However, RibAde improved the viability of cerebellar granule cells when administered after OGD. Our data indicate that RibAde may be effective in promoting recovery of brain tissue after injury, potentially via enhancement of salvage‐mediated ATP production.
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Case of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by rapidly progressive group A hemolytic streptococcal infection during postoperative chemotherapy for cervical cancer
Authors: Nogami Yuya , Tsuji Kousuke , Banno Kouji , Umene Kiyoko , Katakura Satomi , Kisu Iori , Tominaga Eiichiro , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: August 2013

AbstractStreptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a severe infectious disease caused by group A hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). This condition is a serious disease that involves rapidly progressive septic shock. We experienced a case of STSS caused by primary peritonitis during treatment with paclitaxel and cisplatin (TP therapy) as postoperative chemotherapy for cervical cancer. STSS mostly develops after extremity pain, but initial influenza‐like symptoms of fever, chill, myalgia and gastrointestinal symptoms may also occur. TP therapy is used to treat many cancers, including gynecological cancer, but may cause adverse reactions of neuropathy and nephrotoxicity and sometimes fever, arthralgia, myalgia, abdominal pain and general malaise. The case reported here indicates that development of STSS can be delayed after chemotherapy and that primary STSS symptoms may be overlooked because they may be viewed as adverse reactions to chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of STSS during chemotherapy.
Vulvar pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia associated with herpes simplex virus type II mimicking cancer in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Tangjitgamol Siriwan , Loharamtaweethong Kongsak , Thawaramara Thaovalai , Chanpanitkitchot Saranya 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe report an exaggerated dermatological inflammatory condition in an immunocompromised patient. The patient was a 51‐year‐old woman who had HIV infection and a history of cervical cancer. Three years after highly active antiretroviral therapy with an improved immune status, and 2 years after remission of cervical cancer, she developed verrucous perineal masses. Provisional diagnosis was recurrent cervical cancer or primary vulvar cancer. Pathological features revealed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia associated with herpes viral infection. After minimal response to systemic oral antiviral drugs and topical imiquimod, she had clinical resolution with the addition of systemic oral corticosteroid.
Comparisons of individual and community photosynthetic production indicate light limitation in the shallow water macroalgal communities of the Northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Pärnoja Merli , Kotta Jonne , Orav‐Kotta Helen , Paalme Tiina 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPrimary production is of special importance in ecology, since it fuels other trophic levels with energy and biomass. In aquatic ecosystems, almost all primary production is performed by algae. The primary production of aquatic macrophytes has been mainly quantified using detached phyto‐elements (fronds and algal thalli) or whole plants, whereas the community level is usually ignored. In a field experiment we evaluated macroalgal photosynthesis at individual and community levels. We used natural communities dominated by the ephemeral green alga Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kützing and the perennial brown alga Fucus vesiculosus L. Fucus vesiculosus had temporally stable and C. glomerata highly variable photosynthetic production. On a biomass basis, net and gross photosynthetic production was always higher at the individual level than at the community level. The ratio of individual photosynthetic production to community photosynthetic production increased with light intensities. The observed relationships give clear evidence that in shallow water, where light is supposedly plentiful, macroalgae are nevertheless strongly light‐limited. Although photosynthetic production estimates at individual levels are traditionally extrapolated to the community level, such estimates largely overestimate reality and give a false impression of the potential photosynthetic production of macroalgae.