bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal meta-lens with Huygens’ bound states in the continuum
Authors: Yao Jin , Lai Fangxing , Fan Yubin , Wang Yuhan , Huang Shih-Hsiu , Leng Borui , Liang Yao , Lin Rong , Chen Shufan , Chen Mu Ku , Wu Pin Chieh , Xiao Shumin , Tsai Din Ping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMeta-lenses composed of artificial meta-atoms have stimulated substantial interest due to their compact and flexible wavefront shaping capabilities, outperforming bulk optical devices. The operating bandwidth is a critical factor determining the meta-lens’ performance across various wavelengths. Meta-lenses that operate in a narrowband manner relying on nonlocal effects can effectively reduce disturbance and crosstalk from non-resonant wavelengths, making them well-suitable for specialized applications such as nonlinear generation and augmented reality/virtual reality display. However, nonlocal meta-lenses require striking a balance between local phase manipulation and nonlocal resonance excitation, which involves trade-offs among factors like quality-factor, efficiency, manipulation dimensions, and footprint. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the nonlocal meta-lens featuring Huygens’ bound states in the continuum (BICs) and its near-infrared imaging application. All-dielectric integrated-resonant unit is particularly optimized to efficiently induce both the quasi-BIC and generalized Kerker effect, while ensuring the rotation-angle robustness for generating geometric phase. The experimental results show that the single-layer nonlocal Huygens’ meta-lens possesses a high quality-factor of 104 and achieves a transmission polarization conversion efficiency of 55%, exceeding the theoretical limit of 25%. The wavelength-selective two-dimensional focusing and imaging are demonstrated as well. This work will pave the way for efficient nonlocal wavefront shaping and meta-devices.
Longitudinal study on the multifactorial public health risks associated with sewage reclamation
Authors: Girón-Guzmán Inés , Sánchez-Alberola Santiago , Cuevas-Ferrando Enric , Falcó Irene , Díaz-Reolid Azahara , Puchades-Colera Pablo , Ballesteros Sandra , Pérez-Cataluña Alba , Coll José María , Núñez Eugenia , Fabra María José , López-Rubio Amparo , Sánchez Gloria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis year-long research analyzed emerging risks in influent, effluent wastewaters and biosolids from six wastewater treatment plants in Spain’s Valencian Region. Specifically, it focused on human enteric and respiratory viruses, bacterial and viral faecal contamination indicators, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli, and antibiotic-resistance genes. Additionally, particles and microplastics in biosolid and wastewater samples were assessed. Human enteric viruses were prevalent in influent wastewater, with limited post-treatment reduction. Wastewater treatment effectively eliminated respiratory viruses, except for low levels of SARS-CoV-2 in effluent and biosolid samples, suggesting minimal public health risk. Antibiotic resistance genes and microplastics were persistently found in effluent and biosolids, thus indicating treatment inefficiencies and potential environmental dissemination. This multifaced research sheds light on diverse contaminants present after water reclamation, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health in wastewater management. It underscores the need for a One Health approach to address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Rethinking fish-friendliness of pumps by shifting focus to both safe and timely fish passage for effective conservation
Authors: Evans Oliver J. , Norman Josh , Carter Liam J. , Hutchinson Thomas , Don Andrew , Wright Rosalind M. , Tuhtan Jeffrey A. , Toming Gert , Bolland Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlobally, catadromous freshwater eels of the genus Anguilla are of conservation concern, including critically endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Pumping stations that move river water to a higher elevation severely impact eels during their seaward spawning migration. Fish-friendly pumps can mitigate fish injury and mortality but here we uniquely rethink a fish-friendly pump as a fish passage solution. In this pluriannual study, the seasonal timing of pump operation was misaligned with the typical silver eel migration period. Eels were almost exclusively nocturnal but night-time pumping represented as little as 5.6% a year. Night-time eel approaches were primarily influenced by pump duration and temperature, but did not align with lunar phase, unlike in unregulated rivers. After reaching the pumping station, eel passage was influenced by weedscreen aperture and increased when the aperture was increased. Passive sensor collision suggested non-pump infrastructure could cause injury and mortality to eels. It is therefore recommended pump operation should align with the timing of silver eel migration, weedscreen and pump entrance efficiencies should be maximised, and non-pump infrastructure must have low fish injury risk. Ultimately, considering the entire structure a fish passage solution will help ensure fish-friendly pumps have high conservation value for anguillid eels globally.
Emergence of polar skyrmions in 2D Janus CrInX3 (X=Se, Te) magnets
Authors: Zhou Fengyi , Shaikh Monirul , Sun Weiwei , Chen Feng , Chen Xin , Li Shu , Tong Henry , Sanyal Biplab , Wang Duo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the realm of multiferroicity in 2D magnets, whether magnetic and polar skyrmions can coexist within a single topological entity has emerged as an important question. Here, we study Janus 2D magnets CrInX3 (X=Se, Te) for a comprehensive investigation of the magnetic ground state, magnetic excited state, and corresponding ferroelectric polarization by first-principles electronic structure calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. Specifically, we have thoroughly elucidated the magnetic exchange mechanisms, and have fully exemplified the magnetic field dependence of the magnon spectrum. More importantly, our study reveals a previously unrecognized, remarkably large spin-spiral-induced ferroelectric polarization (up to 194.9 μC/m2) in both compounds. We propose an approach to identify polar skyrmions within magnetic skyrmions, based on the observed direct correlation between spin texture and polarization density. Elucidating this correlation not only deepens our understanding of magnetic skyrmions but also paves the way for innovative research in the realm of multiferroic skyrmions.
Robotic scrub nurse to anticipate surgical instruments based on real-time laparoscopic video analysis
Authors: Wagner Lars , Jourdan Sara , Mayer Leon , Müller Carolin , Bernhard Lukas , Kolb Sven , Harb Farid , Jell Alissa , Berlet Maximilian , Feussner Hubertus , Buxmann Peter , Knoll Alois , Wilhelm Dirk 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Machine learning and robotics technologies are increasingly being used in the healthcare domain to improve the quality and efficiency of surgeries and to address challenges such as staff shortages. Robotic scrub nurses in particular offer great potential to address staff shortages by assuming nursing tasks such as the handover of surgical instruments.

Methods
We introduce a robotic scrub nurse system designed to enhance the quality of surgeries and efficiency of surgical workflows by predicting and delivering the required surgical instruments based on real-time laparoscopic video analysis. We propose a three-stage deep learning architecture consisting of a single frame-, temporal multi frame-, and informed model to anticipate surgical instruments. The anticipation model was trained on a total of 62 laparoscopic cholecystectomies.

Results
Here, we show that our prediction system can accurately anticipate 71.54% of the surgical instruments required during laparoscopic cholecystectomies in advance, facilitating a smoother surgical workflow and reducing the need for verbal communication. As the instruments in the left working trocar are changed less frequently and according to a standardized procedure, the prediction system works particularly well for this trocar.

Conclusions
The robotic scrub nurse thus acts as a mind reader and helps to mitigate staff shortages by taking over a great share of the workload during surgeries while additionally enabling an enhanced process standardization.
Embodied carbon saving potential of using recycled materials as cement substitute in Singapore’s buildings
Authors: Zhang Zheyuan , Lei Ying , Liew J. Y. Richard , Liu Mi , Wong Gloria , Du Hongjian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMaterial production and construction activities are key contributors to global carbon footprints, necessitating sustainable alternatives. This study aims to investigate the potential of integrating recycled materials as Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) in concrete production to mitigate the substantial carbon emissions of Singapore’s building and construction sector. The research focuses on Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBFS), waste glass powder, and calcined marine clay as alternative SCMs, aiming to reduce environmental impact and waste disposal emissions in Singapore. Employing a cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology for 1 m3 of concrete with different grades, this study quantifies embodied carbon savings and assesses the feasibility of substituting these SCMs in concrete. The results reveal that substituting Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with GGBFS in concrete offers the most significant reduction, up to 56%, in 1 m3 of concrete. In contrast, the use of calcined marine clay and glass powder in concrete results in reductions of up to 21% and 16%, respectively. Two case studies were used to exemplify the impact of using SCM concrete at the project scale. Results indicate that up to 31% of the total embodied carbon could be saved in the building. Additionally, scenario analysis suggests that the total emissions from cementitious materials in Singapore could decrease by 20% through the incorporation of locally recycled marine clay and glass powder. This reduction could potentially reach 56% if the GGBFS supply is not constrained. To further enhance sustainability in Singapore’s construction sector, the study proposes sourcing GGBFS from neighboring countries to minimize transportation emissions and localizing the production and usage of calcined marine clay and glass powder. These measures can improve material circularity and significantly contribute to achieving carbon reduction targets.
In vivo redox imaging of plasma-induced skin-inflammation in mice
Authors: Badr Yassien , Elhelaly Abdelazim Elsayed , Hyodo Fuminori , Ichihashi Koki , Tomita Hiroyuki , Noda Yoshifumi , Kato Hiroki , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCold atmospheric plasma (CAP) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induce biological effects on living cells. CAP has potential applications in medicine, but its highly reactive nature can lead to adverse skin complications. A noninvasive technique to examine redox changes in skin is needed for monitoring the treatment process. This study was conducted to develop a skin-inflammation model triggered by CAP-derived ROS and to monitor its progression noninvasively by in vivo dynamic nuclear polarization-MRI (DNP-MRI). The model was successfully developed by exposing the skin to both direct and remote modes of CAP. In vivo DNP-MRI imaging revealed faster reduction rates of TEMPOL in plasma-irradiated skin-inflammation areas, particularly in the remote mode plasma-irradiated skin. MRI revealed high-intensity areas in both the superficial and deep layers of the plasma-irradiated skin. The study highlights the potential importance of DNP-MRI in imaging skin-inflammation models and could improve the use of CAP in medical treatments.
Current-driven dynamics of antiferromagnetic skyrmions: from skyrmion Hall effects to hybrid inter-skyrmion scattering
Authors: Aldarawsheh Amal , Sallermann Moritz , Abusaa Muayad , Lounis Samir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAntiferromagnetic (AFM) skyrmions have emerged as a highly promising avenue in the realm of spintronics, particularly for the development of advanced racetrack memory devices. A distinguishing feature of AFM skyrmions is the cancellation of their net topological charge, leading to an anticipated absence of the skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE). Here, we unveil that the latter is finite under the influence of spin-transfer torque, depending on the direction of the injected current impinging on intrinsic AFM skyrmions emerging in Cr/Pd/Fe trilayer on Ir(111) surface. Hinging on first principles combined with atomistic spin dynamics simulations, we identify the origin of the SkHE, which is due to the ellipticity of the skyrmions, and we uncover that FM skyrmions in the underlying Fe layer act as effective traps for AFM skyrmions, confining them and affecting their velocity. These findings hold significant promise for spintronic applications, the design of multi-purpose skyrmion tracks while advancing our understanding of AFM–FM skyrmion interactions and hybrid soliton dynamics in heterostructures.
Laparoscopic Living donor liver transplantation in irresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis associated liver cirrhosis
Authors: Bednarsch Jan , Lang Sven A. , Heise Daniel , Strnad Pavel , Neumann Ulf P. , Ulmer Tom F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most common primary liver tumor and usually associated with a poor oncological prognosis. The current gold standard is the surgical resection of the tumor with subsequent adjuvant therapy. However, in case of irresectability e.g. in case of liver cirrhosis, a palliative treatment regime is conducted.This report demonstrates the case of an irresectable iCCA in liver cirrhosis due to primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) treated by living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) facilitated by minimal invasive donor hepatectomy. No postoperative complications were observed in the donor and the donor was released on the 6th postoperative day. Further, after a follow-up of 1.5 years, no disease recurrence was detected in the recipient.According to the recent international literature, liver transplantation can be evaluated in case of small solitary iCCA (< 3 cm) in cirrhosis. Less evidence is provided for transplantation in advanced tumors which are surgically not resectable due to advanced liver disease or infiltration of major vessels, however some reports display adequate long-term survival after strict patient selection. The selection criteria comprise the absence of distant metastases and locoregional lymph node metastases as well as partial remission or stable disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Due to no established graft allocation for iCCA in Germany, LDLT is currently the best option to realize transplantation in these patients. Developments in the last decade indicate that LDLT should preferentially be performed in minimal invasive manner (laparoscopic or robotic) as this approach is associated with less overall complications and a shorter hospitalization. The presented case illustrates the possibilities of modern surgery and the introduction of transplant oncology in the modern therapy of patients combining systemic therapy, surgical resection and transplantation to achieve optimal long-term results in patients which were initially indicated for palliative treatment.
Enteroviral meningitis in children: Clinical and laboratory features
with and without pleocytosis
Authors: Şen Zeynep Savaş , Ozdem Suna , Yalcinkaya Rumeysa , Gumuser Cinni Ruveyda , Polat Emine , Polat Meltem , Kaman Ayse , Aydın Teke Turkan , Tanir Gonul , Öz Fatma Nur 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Enteroviruses (EV) are most common causes of the etiologically
known aseptic meningitis in children. EV can be detected with polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. We aimed to evaluate the
clinical and laboratory characteristics of children diagnosed with PCR-confirmed
EV meningitis in CSF samples.
Patients Patients aged 1 month to 17 years who underwent lumbar puncture
(LP) with suspected meningitis and had CSF viral PCR and culture results between
September 2012 and January 2021 at a tertiary care hospital in Turkey were
included.
Methods Patients with no virus detected in CSF samples by PCR was
comprised PCR-negative group. The EV PCR-positive patients were divided into two
groups based on CSF pleocytosis as enteroviral meningitis (EVM) with CSF
pleocytosis and EVM without CSF pleocytosis, and compared in terms of clinical
and laboratory features.
Results 78 (38.2%) were EV PCR-positive, and 126 (61.8%) were
PCR-negative. Pleocytosis was detected in 55 (70.5%) EV PCR-positive patients
and 94 (74.6%) of PCR-negative patients. Convulsion was significantly frequent
(p=0.017) in EV PCR-positive patients with no pleocytosis. Protein and lactate
concentrations in CSF were significantly higher in EV PCR-positive patients with
pleocytosis (p=0.048, p=0.001, respectively). Median hospital stay was
significantly longer in PCR-negative group (p<0.001).
Conclusion Diagnosing EVM with PCR prevents long-term hospitalization,
unnecessary antibiotic use and healthcare-related complications.
Easily missed pathologies of the musculoskeletal system in the emergency radiology setting
Authors: Weber Marc-André 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe musculoskeletal region is the main area in terms of easily missed pathologies in the emergency radiology setting, because the majority of diagnoses missed in the emergency setting are fractures.A review of the literature was performed by searching the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, using the keywords (‘missed injuries’ or ‘missed fractures’) and (‘emergency radiology’ or ‘emergency room’) and (‘musculoskeletal’ or ‘bone’ or ‘skeleton’) for the title and abstract query. The inclusion criteria were scientific papers presented in the English and German languages. Among the 347 relevant hits between 1980 and 2024 as identified by the author of this review article, there were 114 relevant articles from the years between 2018 and 2024. Based on this literature search and the author’s personal experience, this study presents useful information for reducing the number of missed pathologies in the musculoskeletal system in the emergency radiology setting.Predominant factors that make up the majority of missed fractures are ‘subtle but still visible fractures’ and ‘radiographically imperceptible fractures’. Radiologists are able to minimize the factors contributing to fractures being missed. For example, implementing a ‘four-eyes principle’, i.e., two readers read the radiographs, would help to overcome the missing of ‘subtle but still visible fractures’ and the additional use of cross-sectional imaging would help to overcome the missing of ‘radiographically imperceptible fractures’. Knowledge of what is commonly missed and evaluation of high-risk areas with utmost care also increase the diagnostic performance of radiologists.
Comparison of Pulmonary Outcome in Minimally Invasive (TCRAT) and Full Sternotomy CABG
Authors: Sellin Christian , Sand Ulrike , Demianenko Volodymyr , Schmitt Christoph , Schäfer Benedikt , Schier Robert , Doerge Hilmar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Pulmonary complications are among the main causes of increased mortality, and morbidity, as well as prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay after cardiac surgery. Recently, a sternum-sparing concept of minimally invasive total coronary revascularization via anterior minithoracotomy (TCRAT) was introduced. A higher risk of pulmonary injury could be anticipated due to the thoracic incision and the longer duration of surgery. Pulmonary complications in TCRAT were compared to standard coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) via full median sternotomy (FS).
Methods Records of 151 consecutive TCRAT (from September 2021 to November 2022) and 229 consecutive FS patients (from January 2017 to December 2018) patients, who underwent elective or urgent CABG, were analyzed. Preoperative baseline characteristics (age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking status, left ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary hypertonus, and EuroScore II) were comparable between groups.
Results Differences between examined groups examined were found for the pulmonary parameters: Horowitz index 6 hours after operation (TCRAT 270 ± 72 vs. FS 293 ± 73, p < 0.05), pneumothorax (TCRAT 0% vs. FS 2.6%, p < 0.05), bronchoscopies (TCRAT 5.9% vs. FS 1.7%, p < 0.05), and pleural effusion (TCRAT 8.6% vs. FS 3.5%, p < 0.05). Moreover, there were differences between groups with regard to mean ICU stay (TCRAT 2.4 ± 3.0 days vs. FS 1.8 ± 1.8 days, p < 0.05), stroke (TCRAT 0% vs. FS 1.3%, p < 0.05), and hospital stay (TCRAT 10.9 ± 8.5 days vs. FS 13.2 ± 9.3 days, p < 0.05). There were no differences regarding atelectasis, reintubations, tracheostomies, ventilation time, and mortality.
Conclusion Pulmonary complications in terms of pleural effusions were more common with TCRAT, however, without substantial impact on clinical outcome.
Volume Regulation and Nonosmotic Volume of Individual Human Platelets Quantified by High-Speed Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy
Authors: Krutzke Konstantin , Seifert Jan , Gawaz Meinrad , Rheinlaender Johannes , Schäffer Tilman E. 
Published: August 2024

Background Platelets are anucleate cells that play an important role in wound closure following vessel injury. Maintaining a constant platelet volume is critical for platelet function. For example, water-induced swelling can promote procoagulant activity and initiate thrombosis. However, techniques for measuring changes in platelet volume such as light transmittance or impedance techniques have inherent limitations as they only allow qualitative measurements or do not work on the single-cell level.
Methods Here, we introduce high-speed scanning ion conductance microscopy (HS-SICM) as a new platform for studying volume regulation mechanisms of individual platelets. We optimized HS-SICM to quantitatively image the morphology of adherent platelets as a function of time at scanning speeds up to 7 seconds per frame and with 0.1 fL precision.
Results We demonstrate that HS-SICM can quantitatively measure the rapid swelling of individual platelets after a hypotonic shock and the following regulatory volume decrease (RVD). We found that the RVD of thrombin-, ADP-, and collagen-activated platelets was significantly reduced compared with nonactivated platelets. Applying the Boyle–van't Hoff relationship allowed us to extract the nonosmotic volume and volume fraction on a single-platelet level. Activation by thrombin or ADP, but not by collagen, resulted in a decrease of the nonosmotic volume, likely due to a release reaction, leaving the total volume unaffected.
Conclusion This work shows that HS-SICM is a versatile tool for resolving rapid morphological changes and volume dynamics of adherent living platelets.
Insights into Imaging of Pericardial and Cardiac Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Singh Resham , Jagia Priya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPericardial and cardiac tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon form of extrapulmonary TB that poses a considerable diagnostic challenge for clinicians due to its nonspecific and diverse presentation. Its presentation is so diverse and distinct that it necessitates advanced imaging with cardiac computed tomography (CT)/cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in addition to routine transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for accurate diagnosis, myocardial involvement, management planning, and follow-up. This comprehensive review article highlights the highly valuable role of imaging modalities like echocardiography, cardiac CT, and CMR in the detailed evaluation of pericardial and cardiac TB, highlighting different forms of cardiac and pericardial involvement, their distinctive imaging features, and diagnostic challenges.