bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic Reflection Profiling Reveals New Accretionary Structure in the Solonker Zone of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Tan Xiao‐Miao , Zhou Jian‐Bo , Li Hui‐Lin , Wang Hai‐Yan , Hou He‐Sheng , Li Wen‐Hui , Rao Ying , Gao Rui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) was formed by the aggregation and collage of numerous Paleozoic subduction‐accretion assemblages and Precambrian microcontinental blocks. However, the tectonic nature of the southeastern CAOB remains controversial, which complicates the reconstruction of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean. To address this issue, a deep seismic reflection survey was initiated across the southeastern CAOB and reveals broad gentle sub‐horizontal reflectors in the middle‐lower crust and a relatively transparent zone in the upper crust. Combining with the Precambrian geological outcrops and other geophysical features, we support a microcontinental block, the Xilinhot Block, existed in the Paleo‐Asian domain. Thus, the Paleo‐Asian Ocean was separated into two branches that underwent north‐dipping and double‐dipping oceanic plate subduction, respectively, to form the Hegenshan‐Heihe and Solonker sutures. Multiple relics beneath Hegenshan‐Heihe Suture indicate that multiple sets of unidirectional oceanic subduction‐accretion and magmatism were important mechanisms of continental growth.
Insights Into a Correlation Between Magnetotactic Bacteria and Polymetallic Nodule Distribution in the Eastern Central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Liu Yan , Liu Shuangchi , Piedrahita Victor A. , Liu Peiyu , He Shi , Pan Hongmiao , Dong Yi , Roberts Andrew P. , Feng Lianjun , Tang Zihua , Xiao Tian , Pan Yongxin , Li Jinhua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) in the eastern central Pacific Ocean is the world's largest area for potential deep‐sea polymetallic nodule mining and is attracting increased scientific and commercial interest. Recent studies indicate that biogenic magnetite, generated intracellularly by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), can carry a biogeochemical remanent magnetization in polymetallic nodules, although whether biogenic or physical‐chemical processes are responsible for nodule formation remain poorly constrained. Here, we report a combination of magnetic, electron microscope and geochemical analyses on seafloor surface sediments from the eastern CCFZ to understand the spatial distribution of biogenic magnetite and possible relationships between MTB and polymetallic nodules. Experimental results indicate that sedimentary magnetic minerals from the northern and southern regions are dominated by detrital (eolian loess and volcanic material) and biogenic magnetic minerals (magnetosomes), respectively. Sediments from the intermediate region contain both detrital and biogenic magnetic minerals. Quantitative first‐order reversal curve‐principal component analysis indicates that biogenic magnetite has the highest concentration in the intermediate CCFZ region, coincident with the highest polymetallic nodule density. Combined with previous research, we speculate that MTB growth on the CCFZ seafloor is driven mainly by local redox conditions. Manganese nodule surfaces are rich in organic biofilms, which results in a relatively thick oxic‐anoxic transition zone in high‐abundance manganese nodule regions, which generates an optimal microenvironment for both MTB growth and magnetite biomineralization. This study provides new clues for understanding the ecological distribution of MTB and the biogeochemical remanent magnetization recorded by biogenic magnetite in deep‐sea sediments.
Comment on “Prediction of the SYM‐H Index Using a Bayesian Deep Learning Method With Uncertainty Quantification” by Abduallah et al. (2024)
Authors: Collado‐Villaverde Armando , Muñoz Pablo , Cid Consuelo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAbduallah et al. (2024b, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003824) proposed a novel approach using a deep neural network model, which includes a graph neural network and a bidirectional LSTM layer, named SYMHnet, to forecast the SYM‐H index one and 2 hr in advance. Additionally, the network also provides an uncertainty quantification of the predictions. While the approach is innovative, there are some areas where the model's design and implementation may not align with best practices in uncertainty quantification and predictive modeling. We focus on discrepancies in the input and output of the model, which can limit the applicability in real‐world forecasting scenarios. This comment aims to clarify these issues, offering detailed insights into how such discrepancies could compromise the model's interpretability and reliability, thereby contributing to the advancement of predictive modeling in space weather research.
Effects of online marketplace-sourced over-the-counter tooth whitening products on the colour, microhardness, and surface topography of enamel: an in vitro study
Authors: Agarwal Radhika , Vasani Nikki , Mense Urmila Sachin , Prasad Niharika , Shetty Aditya , Natarajan Srikant , Dutta Arindam , Thomas Manuel S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study compared the whitening effect, microhardness, and enamel surface alterations of over-the-counter (OTC) tooth bleaching products with those of a dentist-prescribed at-home bleaching agent.

Materials and methods
The products available on a popular online marketplace were comprehensively searched and then rated using a specific formula. The effects of the lowest-rated OTC agent (LRA) and the highest-rated OTC agent (HRA) were compared with those of a dentist-prescribed bleaching agent (DPA) on the enamel of extracted human teeth. The bleaching efficacy, post-bleaching microhardness changes, and morphological alterations were assessed by spectrophotometric analysis, Vickers hardness testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests, maintaining a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results
The search of the online marketplace revealed 15 products. The LRA (Teeth Whitening Serum Gel, GEN, China) and the HRA (Bright White-Lovely Smile Premium Teeth Whitening strips, Ray of Smile, USA) were identified on the basis of their ranking. DPA resulted in significantly better tooth whitening than did LRA. The enamel microhardness was lower in the LRA treatment group (14.2%) than in the control and HRA treatment groups (8.84% and 7.26%, respectively). LRA also caused severe topographical alterations to the enamel.

Conclusion
Compared with the poorly rated product, the dentist-prescribed tooth bleaching product resulted in greater colour improvement, less microhardness reduction, and surface changes. The highest-rated product was comparable with the dentist-prescribed agent in this study.
SignalingProfiler 2.0 a network-based approach to bridge multi-omics data to phenotypic hallmarks
Authors: Venafra Veronica , Sacco Francesca , Perfetto Livia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnraveling how cellular signaling is remodeled upon perturbation is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and identifying potential drug targets. In this pursuit, computational tools generating mechanistic hypotheses from multi-omics data have invaluable potential. Here, we present a newly implemented version (2.0) of SignalingProfiler, a multi-step pipeline to draw mechanistic hypotheses on the signaling events impacting cellular phenotypes. SignalingProfiler 2.0 derives context-specific signaling networks by integrating proteogenomic data with the prior knowledge-causal network. This is a freely accessible and flexible tool that incorporates statistical, footprint-based, and graph algorithms to accelerate the integration and interpretation of multi-omics data. Through a benchmarking process on three proof-of-concept studies, we demonstrate the tool’s ability to generate hierarchical mechanistic networks recapitulating novel and known perturbed signaling and phenotypic outcomes, in both human and mice contexts. In summary, SignalingProfiler 2.0 addresses the emergent need to derive biologically relevant information from complex multi-omics data by extracting interpretable networks.
Photo responsive single layer MoS2 nanochannel membranes for photocatalytic degradation of contaminants in water
Authors: Nawaz Hafiza Hifza , Umar Muhammad , Nawaz Iqra , Ihsan Rao Muhammad , Razzaq Humaira , Gong Hugh , Liu Xuqing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe major polluting aspects of our global fashion industries are the textile wastewater that turns black all our freshwater reservoirs. Nano-filtration through membrane technology is one of the biggest solutions of industrial wastewater treatment but the fouling of membrane is the major limitation of previous work. In this research, novel PVDF/MoS2-TNT (PMT) nanocomposite membranes were fabricated through a modified In-situ polymerisation phase inversion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis also confirmed the β-phase of PVDF within the developed PVDF/MoS2-TNT membrane. XPS analysis provides evidence about the presence of a specific chemical states of titanium nanotube and molybdenum disulphide which is involved in the photocatalytic degradation of pollutant molecules. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that our membranes are porous in nature. PVDF/MoS2-TNT membranes exhibit excellent filtration efficiency (∼97%) for textile wastewater. The results and outcomes of the research demonstrate that PMT membranes have enormous potential in the commercial application of textile wastewater treatment.
Fabrication of nitrogen-hyperdoped silicon by high-pressure gas immersion excimer laser doping
Authors: Barkby Josh W. , Moro Fabrizio , Perego Michele , Taglietti Fabiana , Lidorikis Elefterios , Kalfagiannis Nikolaos , Koutsogeorgis Demosthenes C. , Fanciulli Marco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, research on hyperdoped semiconductors has accelerated, displaying dopant concentrations far exceeding solubility limits to surpass the limitations of conventionally doped materials. Nitrogen defects in silicon have been extensively investigated for their unique characteristics compared to other pnictogen dopants. However, previous practical investigations have encountered challenges in achieving high nitrogen defect concentrations due to the low solubility and diffusivity of nitrogen in silicon, and the necessary non-equilibrium techniques, such as ion implantation, resulting in crystal damage and amorphisation. In this study, we present a single-step technique called high-pressure gas immersion excimer laser doping (HP-GIELD) to manufacture nitrogen-hyperdoped silicon. Our approach offers ultrafast processing, scalability, high control, and reproducibility. Employing HP-GIELD, we achieved nitrogen concentrations exceeding 6 at% (3.01 × 1021 at/cm3) in intrinsic silicon. Notably, nitrogen concentration remained above the liquid solubility limit to ~1 µm in depth. HP-GIELD’s high-pressure environment effectively suppressed physical surface damage and the generation of silicon dangling bonds, while the well-known effects of pulsed laser annealing (PLA) preserved crystallinity. Additionally, we conducted a theoretical analysis of light-matter interactions and thermal effects governing nitrogen diffusion during HP-GIELD, which provided insights into the doping mechanism. Leveraging excimer lasers, our method is well-suited for integration into high-volume semiconductor manufacturing, particularly front-end-of-line processes.
Risk assessment based on spectrophotometric signals used in eco-friendly analytical scenarios for estimation of carvedilol and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical formulation
Authors: Nabil Mona , Marzouk Hoda M. , Ahmed Dina A. , Abbas Samah S. , Lotfy Hayam M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSpecial attention is given to the pharmacological treatment of combined medication of Carvedilol and hydrochlorothiazide which is the most effective and the most beneficial therapy for hypertensive patients with diabetes and various metabolic comorbidities. This work represents spectrophotometric platform scenarios based on factorized spectrum (FS) using interpoint data difference resolution scenarios (IDDRS) coupled with spectrum subtraction method (SS) for the concurrent quantification of carvedilol (CAR) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) when present together in a combination without the need for any initial physical separation steps. This IDD resolution scenario based on manipulating the zero-order spectra (D0) of both drugs in the mixture with various spectral features at different wavelength regions (200–400 nm), region I (220–250 nm), region II (240–300 nm) and region III (270–320 nm) via absorbance resolution (AR) and induced absorbance resolution (IAR) methods coupled with corresponding spectrum subtraction (SS). The calibration curves were established across the linearity ranges of 2.0–12.0 µg/mL at 242.50 nm and 4.0–40.0 µg/mL at 285.5 nm for CAR and 1.0–11.0 µg/mL at 226.10 nm and 2.0–20.0 µg/mL at 270.5 nm for HCT. Moreover, methods’ validation was confirmed via ICH guidelines. A Multicenter comparison between sensitivity, specificity in respect resolution sequence were applied using different wavelength regions with various concentration ranges was applied and finally spectral resolution recommendation is issued and cumulative validation score (CVS) is calculated as an indicator in the risk analysis. In quality control laboratories, the studied approaches are applicable for conducting analysis on the mentioned drugs. In addition, the selection of spectrophotometry aligns with the principles of green analytical chemistry, an approach that resonates with the overarching theme of minimizing environmental impact. Via four metric tools named: analytical greenness (AGREE), green analytical procedure index (GAPI), analytical eco-scale, and national environmental method index (NEMI), methods’ greenness profile was guaranteed.
Nutrient strengthening and lead alleviation in Brassica Napus L. by foliar ZnO and TiO2-NPs modulating antioxidant system, improving photosynthetic efficiency and reducing lead uptake
Authors: Sehrish Adiba Khan , Ahmad Shoaib , Alomrani Sarah Owdah , Ahmad Azeem , Al-Ghanim Khalid A. , Alshehri Muhammad Ali , Tauqeer Arslan , Ali Shafaqat , Sarker Pallab K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the anticipated foliar application of nanoparticles (NPs) as a potential strategy to improve crop production and ameliorate heavy metal toxicity, it is crucial to evaluate the role of NPs in improving the nutrient content of plants under Lead (Pb) stress for achieving higher agriculture productivity to ensure food security. Herein, Brassica napus L. grown under Pb contaminated soil (300 mg/kg) was sprayed with different rates (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L) of TiO2 and ZnO-NPs. The plants were evaluated for growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, leaf exchange attributes, oxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities. The results revealed that 100 mg/L NPs foliar application significantly augmented plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, and leaf gas exchange attributes. Furthermore, 100 mg/L TiO2 and ZnO-NPs application showed a maximum increase in SPAD values (79.1%, 68.9%). NPs foliar application (100 mg/L TiO2 and ZnO-NPs) also substantially reduced malondialdehyde (44.3%, 38.3%), hydrogen peroxide (59.9%, 53.1%), electrolyte leakage (74.8%, 68.3%), and increased peroxidase (93.8%, 89.1%), catalase (91.3%, 84.1%), superoxide dismutase (81.8%, 73.5%) and ascorbate peroxidase (78.5%, 73.7%) thereby reducing Pb accumulation. NPs foliar application (100 mg/L) significantly reduced root Pb (45.7%, 42.3%) and shoot Pb (84.1%, 76.7%) concentration in TiO2 and ZnO-NPs respectively, as compared to control. Importantly, macro and micronutrient analysis showed that foliar application 100 mg/L TiO2 and ZnO-NPs increased shoot zinc (58.4%, 78.7%) iron (79.3%, 89.9%), manganese (62.8%, 68.6%), magnesium (72.1%, 93.7%), calcium (58.2%, 69.9%) and potassium (81.5%, 68.6%) when compared to control without NPs. The same trend was observed for root nutrient concentration. In conclusion, we found that the TiO2 and ZnO-NPs have the greatest efficiency at 100 mg/L concentration to alleviate Pb induced toxicity on growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient content of Brassica napus L. NPs foliar application is a promising strategy to ensure sustainable agriculture and food safety under metal contamination.
Establishing the distribution of Carpophilus truncatus in Australia using an integrative approach for an emerging global pest
Authors: Tobin Stephen James , Cunningham John Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe nitidulid beetle Carpophilus truncatus is rapidly becoming a major pest of nut crops around the world. This insect first infested Australian almonds in 2013 and has since escalated to be the preeminent insect pest for the industry. Data pertaining to C. truncatus distribution are scant, but without awareness of its origin, distribution, and ecological factors that influence distribution, efforts to understand and manage the insect as a pest are stymied. Here, we employ an integrative approach to gain a multifaceted understanding of the distribution of C. truncatus in Australia. Methods employed were (1) reviewing historical records in insect collections to establish the presence of C. truncatus prior to commercial almond horticulture, (2) field trapping of insects to establish presence in regions of interest, (3) laboratory trials to determine the thermal limits of the organism, and (4) correlative species distribution modelling to describe its current distribution. We find that C. truncatus is more widespread across Australia than was previously known, with historical records preceding commercial almond production in Australia by a century. The methods developed in this study can be applied elsewhere in the world where C. truncatus is an emerging pest, or to novel pest species as they arise with increasing frequency in a globalised and warming world.
High-dimensional cortical signals reveal rich bimodal and working memory-like representations among S1 neuron populations
Authors: Kristensen Sofie S. , Kesgin Kaan , Jörntell Henrik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractComplexity is important for flexibility of natural behavior and for the remarkably efficient learning of the brain. Here we assessed the signal complexity among neuron populations in somatosensory cortex (S1). To maximize our chances of capturing population-level signal complexity, we used highly repeatable resolvable visual, tactile, and visuo-tactile inputs and neuronal unit activity recorded at high temporal resolution. We found the state space of the spontaneous activity to be extremely high-dimensional in S1 populations. Their processing of tactile inputs was profoundly modulated by visual inputs and even fine nuances of visual input patterns were separated. Moreover, the dynamic activity states of the S1 neuron population signaled the preceding specific input long after the stimulation had terminated, i.e., resident information that could be a substrate for a working memory. Hence, the recorded high-dimensional representations carried rich multimodal and internal working memory-like signals supporting high complexity in cortical circuitry operation.
Modulation between capacitor and conductor for a redox-active 2D bis(terpyridine)cobalt(II) nanosheet via anion-exchange
Authors: Takada Kenji , Ito Miyu , Fukui Naoya , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIonic polymers are intriguing materials whose functionality arises from the synergy between ionic polymer backbones and counterions. A key method for enhancing their functionality is the post-synthetic ion-exchange reaction, which is instrumental in improving the chemical and physical properties of polymer backbones and introducing of the functionalities of the counterions. Electronic interaction between host polymer backbone and guest ions plays pivotal roles in property modulation. The current study highlights the modulation of responses to external electric field in cationic bis(terpyridine)cobalt(II) polymer nanofilms through anion-exchange reactions. Initially, as-prepared chloride-containing polymers exhibited supercapacitor behaviour. Introducing anionic metalladithiolenes into the polymers altered the behaviour to either conductive or insulative, depending on the valence of the metalladithiolenes. This modulation was accomplished by fine tuning of charge-transfer interactions between the bis(terpyridine)cobalt(II) complex moieties and redox-active anions. Our findings open up new avenue for ionic polymers, showcasing their potential as versatile platform in materials science.
Seafloor alkalinity enhancement as a carbon dioxide removal strategy in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Dale Andrew W. , Geilert Sonja , Diercks Isabel , Fuhr Michael , Perner Mirjam , Scholz Florian , Wallmann Klaus 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere and storage over long times scales in terrestrial and marine reservoirs is urgently needed to limit global warming and for sustainable management of the global carbon cycle. Ocean alkalinity enhancement by the artificial addition of carbonate minerals to the seafloor has been proposed as a method to sequester atmospheric CO2 and store it in the ocean as dissolved bicarbonate. Here, a reaction-transport model is used to scrutinize the efficacy of calcite addition and dissolution at a well-studied site in the southwestern Baltic Sea – a brackish coastal water body in northern Europe. We find that most calcite is simply buried without dissolution under moderate addition rates. Applying the model to other sites in the Baltic Sea suggests that dissolution rates and efficiencies are higher in areas with low salinity and undersaturated bottom waters. A simple box model predicts a tentative net CO2 uptake rate from the atmosphere of 3.2 megatonnes of carbon dioxide per year for the wider Baltic Sea after continually adding calcite to muddy sediments for 10 years. More robust estimates now require validation by field studies.
Nationwide surveys of awareness of tuberculosis in India uncover a gender gap in tuberculosis awareness
Authors: Thimmanahalli Sobagaiah Ranganath , Kumari Nitu , Bharathi Gattam Divya , Khazi Mohammed Shoyaib 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis remains a major challenge in India, with an estimated 2.69 million cases each year. Although men are more affected than women, gender differences and related factors affect awareness of tuberculosis and thus impact tuberculosis diagnosis and access to treatment. Understanding the gender-specific needs and complexities when diagnosing and treating tuberculosis is essential to manage cases in India.

Methods
We undertook a comparative study using data from three National Family and Health Surveys (NFHS), specifically NFHS-3, NFHS-4 and NFHS-5. We investigated the prevalence and gender disparity in awareness about tuberculosis, and associated factors, using regression analysis.

Results
Most men and women surveyed are between the ages of 15 and 19. Across the surveys, the proportion of men and women who are unaware of spreading of tuberculosis decreases from 44.9% during NFHS 3 to 29.6% during NFHS 5. However, the prevalence ratio of men to women with no knowledge about modes of transmission of Tuberculosis increases from 0.92 during NFHS 3 to 0.98 during NFHS 5. Higher odds with younger age (NFHS 5, aOR: 1.07 (1.01–1.13)) and rural residency (NFHS 5, aOR: 1.12 (1.06–1.18)), and lower odds with unmarried marital status (NFHS 5, aOR: 0.92 (0.86–0.98)) are noteworthy associations. Women and men have differences in knowledge.

Conclusions
Gender disparity associated with awareness about tuberculosis in India is observed across all three nationwide surveys. Being aged fifteen to nineteen years and residing in rural area are risk factors. Being unmarried is a protective factor for women, but not for men.