bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 correlates with increased C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 levels in peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Dominguez-Gutierrez Paul R , Ceribelli Angela , Satoh Minoru , Sobel Eric S , Reeves Westley H , Chan Edward KL 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The present study examines the levels of recently reported biomarkers, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1), and miR-146a in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients over multiple visits.

Methods
Peripheral blood leukocytes were collected from 65 healthy donors and 103 SLE patients, 60 of whom had samples from 2 or more visits. Total RNA was isolated and analyzed for the expression of mRNA and microRNA using Taqman real time PCR assays. Relative expression of I-IFN signature genes, chemokines, and miR-146a were determined by the ΔΔCT method. Results were correlated with clinical data and analyzed by Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher’s exact test.

Results
Levels of ADAR, CCL2, CXCL10, and STAT1 in SLE were significantly elevated compared with the healthy controls (P <0.0001). ADAR, CCL2, and CXCL10 showed significant correlation with IFN score in both healthy donors (P <0.0033) and SLE patients (P <0.0001). In SLE patients, miR-146a level was not significantly different from healthy controls nor correlated to the IFN score. Two STAT1 populations were identified: a low STAT1 and a high STAT1 group. High STAT1 patient visits displayed higher (P ≤0.0020) levels of CCL2 and CXCL10 than the low STAT1 patient visits. STAT1 levels correlated with IFN score in low STAT1 group but not in high STAT1 group. More importantly, high STAT1 levels appeared as an enhancer of CCL2 and CXCL10 as indicated by the significantly stronger correlation of CCL2 and CXCL10 with IFN score in high STAT1 patient visits relative to low STAT1 patient visits.

Conclusion
Our data indicate a novel role for STAT1 in the pathogenesis of SLE as an expression enhancer of CCL2 and CXCL10 in SLE patients with high levels of STAT1. Future study is needed to examine the exact role of STAT1 in the etiology of SLE.
Inducible and coupled expression of the polyomavirus middle T antigen and Cre recombinase in transgenic mice: an in vivo model for synthetic viability in mammary tumour progression
Authors: Rao Trisha , Ranger Jill J , Smith Harvey W , Lam Sonya H , Chodosh Lewis , Muller William J 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Effective in vivo models of breast cancer are crucial for studying the development and progression of the disease in humans. We sought to engineer a novel mouse model of polyomavirus middle T antigen (PyV mT)-mediated mammary tumourigenesis in which inducible expression of this well-characterized viral oncoprotein is coupled to Cre recombinase (TetO-PyV mT-IRES-Cre recombinase or MIC).

Methods
MIC mice were crossed to the mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV)-reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA) strain to generate cohorts of virgin females carrying one or both transgenes. Experimental (rtTA/MIC) and control (rtTA or MIC) animals were administered 2 mg/mL doxycycline beginning as early as eight weeks of age and monitored for mammary tumour formation, in parallel with un-induced controls of the same genotypes.

Results
Of the rtTA/MIC virgin females studied, 90% developed mammary tumour with complete penetrance to all glands in response to doxycycline and a T50 of seven days post-induction, while induced or un-induced controls remained tumour-free after one year of induction. Histological analyses of rtTA/MIC mammary glands and tumour revealed that lesions followed the canonical stepwise progression of PyV mT tumourigenesis, from hyperplasia to mammary intraepithelial neoplasia/adenoma, carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma that metastasizes to the lung; at each of these stages expression of PyV mT and Cre recombinase transgenes was confirmed. Withdrawal of doxycycline from rtTA/MIC mice with end-stage mammary tumours led to rapid regression, yet animals eventually developed PyV mT-expressing and -non-expressing recurrent masses with varied tumour histopathologies.

Conclusions
We have successfully created a temporally regulated mouse model of PyV mT-mediated mammary tumourigenesis that can be used to study Cre recombinase-mediated genetic changes simultaneously. While maintaining all of the hallmark features of the well-established constitutive MMTV-PyV mT model, the utility of this strain derives from the linking of PyV mT and Cre recombinase transgenes; mammary epithelial cells are thereby forced to couple PyV mT expression with conditional ablation of a given gene. This transgenic mouse model will be an important research tool for identifying synthetic viable genetic events that enable PyV mT tumours to evolve in the absence of a key signaling pathway.
Impact of dual mTORC1/2 mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD8055 on acquired endocrine resistance in breast cancer in vitro
Authors: Jordan Nicola J , Dutkowski Carol M , Barrow Denise , Mottram Huw J , Hutcheson Iain R , Nicholson Robert I , Guichard Sylvie M , Gee Julia MW 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Upregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling in endocrine-resistant breast cancer (BC) has identified mTOR as an attractive target alongside anti-hormones to control resistance. RAD001 (everolimus/Afinitor®), an allosteric mTOR inhibitor, is proving valuable in this setting; however, some patients are inherently refractory or relapse during treatment requiring alternative strategies. Here we evaluate the potential for novel dual mTORC1/2 mTOR kinase inhibitors, exemplified by AZD8055, by comparison with RAD001 in ER + endocrine resistant BC cells.

Methods
In vitro models of tamoxifen (TamR) or oestrogen deprivation resistance (MCF7-X) were treated with RAD001 or AZD8055 alone or combined with anti-hormone fulvestrant. Endpoints included growth, cell proliferation (Ki67), viability and migration, with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling impact monitored by Western blotting. Potential ER cross-talk was investigated by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR.

Results
RAD001 was a poor growth inhibitor of MCF7-derived TamR and MCF7-X cells (IC50 ≥1 μM), rapidly inhibiting mTORC1 but not mTORC2/AKT signalling. In contrast AZD8055, which rapidly inhibited both mTORC1 and mTORC2/AKT activity, was a highly effective (P <0.001) growth inhibitor of TamR (IC50 18 nM) and MCF7-X (IC50 24 nM), and of a further T47D-derived tamoxifen resistant model T47D-tamR (IC50 19 nM). AZD8055 significantly (P <0.05) inhibited resistant cell proliferation, increased cell death and reduced migration. Furthermore, dual treatment of TamR or MCF7-X cells with AZD8055 plus fulvestrant provided superior control of resistant growth versus either agent alone (P <0.05). Co-treating with AZD8055 alongside tamoxifen (P <0.01) or oestrogen deprivation (P <0.05) also effectively inhibited endocrine responsive MCF-7 cells. Although AZD8055 inhibited oestrogen receptor (ER) ser167 phosphorylation in TamR and MCF7-X, it had no effect on ER ser118 activity or expression of several ER-regulated genes, suggesting the mTOR kinase inhibitor impact was largely ER-independent. The capacity of AZD8055 for ER-independent activity was further evidenced by growth inhibition (IC5018 and 20 nM) of two acquired fulvestrant resistant models lacking ER.

Conclusions
This is the first report demonstrating dual mTORC1/2 mTOR kinase inhibitors have potential to control acquired endocrine resistant BC, even under conditions where everolimus fails. Such inhibitors may prove of particular benefit when used alongside anti-hormonal treatment as second-line therapy in endocrine resistant disease, and also potentially alongside anti-hormones during the earlier endocrine responsive phase to hinder development of resistance.
Lung protection during non-invasive synchronized assist versus volume control in rabbits
Authors: Mirabella Lucia , Grasselli Giacomo , Haitsma Jack J , Zhang Haibo , Slutsky Arthur S , Sinderby Christer , Beck Jennifer 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Experimental work provides insight into potential lung protective strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate markers of ventilator-induced lung injury after two different ventilation approaches: (1) a “conventional” lung-protective strategy (volume control (VC) with low tidal volume, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and paralysis), (2) a physiological approach with spontaneous breathing, permitting synchrony, variability and a liberated airway. For this, we used non-invasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NIV-NAVA), with the hypothesis that liberation of upper airways and the ventilator’s integration with lung protective reflexes would be equally lung protective.

Methods
In this controlled and randomized in vivo laboratory study, 25 adult White New Zealand rabbits were studied, including five non-ventilated control animals. The twenty animals with aspiration-induced lung injury were randomized to ventilation with either VC (6 mL/kg, PEEP 5 cm H2O, and paralysis) or NIV-NAVA for six hours (PEEP = zero because of leaks). Markers of lung function, lung injury, vital signs and ventilator parameters were assessed.

Results
At the end of six hours of ventilation (n = 20), there were no significant differences between VC and NIV-NAVA for vital signs, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, lung wet-to-dry ratio and broncho-alveolar Interleukin 8 (Il-8). Plasma IL-8 was higher in VC (P <0.05). Lung injury score was lower for NIV-NAVA (P = 0.03). Dynamic lung compliance recovered after six hours in NIV-NAVA but not in VC (P <0.05). During VC, peak pressures increased from 9.2 ± 2.4 cm H2O (hour 1) to 12.3 ± 12.3 cm H2O (hour 6) (P <0.05). During NIV-NAVA, the tracheal end-expiratory pressure was similar to the end-expiratory pressure during VC. Two animals regurgitated during NIV-NAVA, without clinical consequences, and survived the protocol.

Conclusions
In experimental acute lung injury, NIV-NAVA is as lung-protective as VC 6 ml/kg with PEEP.
Activation of Immobilized Glucose Oxidase Enzyme by Acoustic Wave Resonance Oscillation
Authors: Nishiyama Hiroshi , Kazui Masayuki , Inoue Yasunobu 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Glucose oxidase enzyme was immobilized on ferroelectric LiNbO3 single crystals that were able to generate acoustic wave resonance oscillations by radio frequency electric power. The generation of the 3.6–14.7 MHz acoustic waves with lattice distortion vertical to the surface caused increases in the enzyme activity for glucose oxidation by decreasing the activation energy of reaction. A mechanism is proposed in which the acoustic waves enhance the interactions between the glucose substrate and the enzyme.
Gold Approaches to Polycyclic Indole Alkaloids
Authors: Barbour P Michael , Marholz Laura J , Chang Le , Xu Wenqing , Wang Xiang 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Indole alkaloids are a highly diverse and ubiquitous family of natural products often identified in plants that have been used as traditional medicine for millennia. Because of their complex molecular architecture and relevance as potent pharmaceuticals, efficient methods for constructing these polycyclic skeletons are essential for their synthesis. Herein, we review recent developments in gold catalysis as a means toward the synthesis of many biologically important polycyclic indole alkaloids.
Cladonia lichens on extensive green roofs: evapotranspiration, substrate temperature, and albedo
Authors: Heim Amy , Lundholm Jeremy 
Published: January 2014

Green roofs are constructed ecosystems that provide ecosystem services in urban environments. Shallow substrate green roofs subject the vegetation layer to desiccation and other environmental extremes, so researchers have evaluated a variety of stress-tolerant vegetation types for green roof applications. Lichens can be found in most terrestrial habitats. They are able to survive extremely harsh conditions, including frequent cycles of desiccation and rehydration, nutrient-poor soil, fluctuating temperatures, and high UV intensities. Extensive green roofs (substrate depth <20cm) exhibit these harsh conditions, making lichens possible candidates for incorporation into the vegetation layer on extensive green roofs. In a modular green roof system, we tested the effect ofCladonialichens on substrate temperature, water loss, and albedo compared to a substrate-only control. Overall, theCladoniamodules had significantly cooler substrate temperatures during the summer and significantly warmer temperatures during the fall. Additionally, theCladoniamodules lost significantly less water than the substrate-only control. This implies that they may be able to benefit neighboring vascular plant species by reducing water loss and maintaining favorable substrate temperatures.
The Russian Cossacks’ Deeds on the State and Military-and-Patriotic Service In The Continuous Education Context
Authors: Шафажинская  , Shafazhinskaya Natalya 
Published: January 2014

The Cossacks’ heroic deeds during the hardest periods of the
Russian history are the embodiment of the archetypal to this country’s
culture image of the brave warrior and defender. Examples of how the
Cossacks proved themselves in terms of military expertise and patriotism
on the public service should be incorporated in the system of continuous
education and general liberal education of Cossack youth.
Special Pedagogic Aspects Of Designing Educational Process With Regard To Students’ Psychological Traits
Authors: Савенкова  , Savenkova A. 
Published: January 2014

It is discussed how to take into consideration the individual/
psychological features of students when designing the educational
process. Based on the findings of the Russian researchers, the author
identifies masculine and feminine characteristics of boys and girls, and
points out specific aspects to be considered when designing educational
processes for different gender groups.
Education Quality Management: A Review Of Methodological Concepts
Authors: Ахриева  , Akhrieva Anna 
Published: January 2014

The issues related to the definition of «quality of education»
concept and several approaches developed in the area of education
quality management are outlined. The analytical review of academic
pedagogical literature is given. The concepts presented are treated
with respect to their practical applicability within the existing educational
systems. The ways to arrange potential problems are suggested.
The development of rural tourism and the formation of a training system
Authors: Павлов  , Pavlov O. , Павлова  , Pavlova E. 
Published: January 2014

Great changes in socio-cultural, political and economic fields
require new understanding of professional education system in rural
development. Development of professional education system in rural
tourism is happened to be social demand of community: nowadays total
requirements for graduates are been changing. There is a need in new
understanding of professional education for rural tourism which can
combine both requirement in versatility on high education level and its
adequacy in order to satisfy needs of rural community.
Posttransplantation Bone Marrow Assessment by Quantifying Hematopoietic Cell–Derived mRNAs in Plasma Exosomes/Microvesicles
Authors: Aoki Jun , Ohashi Kazuteru , Mitsuhashi Masato , Murakami Taku , Oakes Melanie , Kobayashi Takeshi , Doki Noriko , Kakihana Kazuhiko , Sakamaki Hisashi 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Bone marrow (BM) aspiration often can be a painful medical procedure. It is unavoidable, however, because hematopoietic precursor cells (HPC) exist only in BM and few escape to peripheral blood (PB). We hypothesized that HPCs might release exosomes and microvesicles (EMV) in BM, and the resulting EMV would penetrate into PB. Such BM-derived EMV might be identified in PB by measuring specific mRNAs produced by HPC.

METHODS
Human plasma was applied to an EMV-capture filter plate. After centrifugation, captured EMV were lysed on the filter plate. Resulting lysates were transferred to an oligo(dT)-immobilized microplate for mRNA isolation followed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Using this system, myeloid-, erythroid-, and megakaryocyte-lineage–specific poly(A)+ mRNAs were quantified in plasma obtained from 18 patients who had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

RESULTS
When fluorescent liposomes were applied to the filter plate, more than 95% of applied liposomes were absorbed. When human plasma was applied, a scanning electron microscope showed EMV-like particles on the membrane of the filter plate. After RT-PCR, various HPC-specific mRNAs were detected, and the results were equivalent to those derived from the standard ultracentrifugation method. The levels of these mRNAs were undetectable after HSCT and became detectable 1–2 weeks after HSCT, a substantially earlier time point than with traditional hematological analysis. The recovery of EMV mRNA at day 15 corresponded to the final clinical outcome at day 180.

CONCLUSIONS
HPC-derived mRNAs in plasma EMV may represent new biomarkers for the assessment of BM condition and could reduce the necessity for frequent BM aspiration.
Da violência à civilização hércules, o super‑homem da antiguidade
Authors: Silva Maria De Fátima 
Published: January 2014

Hércules, o herói de uma antiguidade insondável, situou‑se no mundo grego comoum símbolo pan‑helénico. Como figura transversal na cultura e na literatura grega ao longo dos séculos, o filho de Zeus e de Alcmena sofreu um processo de ajustamento a uma mentalidade em constante evolução. Assim, de vencedor brutal e violento, evoluiu para o protector de fracos e símbolo de um processo civilizacional, que ajudou a construir.
As aulas e os problemas de filosofia natural do P. Francisco Mendoça SJ
Authors: Urbano Carlota Miranda 
Published: January 2014

A autora propõe-se apresentar o De floribus Philosophiae do célebre jesuítaFrancisco Mendoça (†1626), que foi professor de Filosofia e reitor no Colégiodas Artes em Coimbra nos primeiros anos do séc. XVII. A obra em causa vempublicada num grosso volume que o mesmo Colégio editou depois da sua mortee que teve por título: Viridarium Sacrae et profanae eruditionis ou Jardim deerudição sagrada e profana, um verdadeiro monumento do saber enciclopédico.No De floribus Philosophiae, reúnem-se 47 problemas ou questões que hojediriam respeito a domínios do saber tão distintos como a geografia e a anatomia, a física e a psicologia, ou a astronomia e a antropologia. A compreensão de um texto desta natureza carece, por isso, de uma abordagem multidisciplinar que não cabe num estudo desta dimensão. No entanto, apresentado na perspectiva do humanista, o texto do P. Mendoça pode oferecer ao cientista matéria para o estudo da história das ciências. É o que nos propomos fazer, seleccionando para o nosso trabalho alguns passos. São de assinalar, entre outros aspectos, o rigor na citação e a variedade de autores citados, desde os antigos clássicos e pagãos aos mais recentes e contemporâneos do mestre que viriam a ser reconhecidos como reputados físicos, astrónomos e matemáticos.
A Helena de Seferis, um grito contra a guerra
Authors: Pociña Andrés 
Published: January 2014

Aproximación y comentario del poema “Helena” (1953) del eximio poeta griego Yorgos Seferis, premio Nobel de Literatura en 1963; después de su traducción al portugués, el autor estudia las curiosas circunstancias de su publicación, su relación con los antecedentes clásicos, su significado en la obra y en la vida de Seferis y en la Grecia de 1955, y, por último, su sentido universal como poema antibélico y pacifista en una Grecia y una Europa sumidas en la persistente destrucción física y política que marcó buena parte del siglo XX, cuyas consecuenicas se viven tan trágicamente todavía en nuestros días en Grecia y otros países del Mediterráneo.
La Antígona de Fenicias o la larga sombra de la Antígona de Sófocles
Authors: Talens Carmen Morenilla 
Published: January 2014

La sombra de la Antígona de Sófocles ha mediatizado la transmisión e interpretación de las Fenicias de Eurípides. Tres pasajes de Fenicias proyectan en conjunto la imagen de una Antígona muy humana y de una gran entereza de ánimo, próxima al personaje de Sófocles. El primero, la teichoscopía del prólogo; el segundo, una escena central, vv. 1264‑1283, preludio del último estásimo. En el tercero, formado por dos escenas, vv. 1480‑1539 y 1540‑1580, el protagonismo de Antígona es notable y revelador de su carácter. La ausencia del primero, cuya autenticidad ha sido cuestionada, privaría a la Antígona de Fenicias de unos rasgos de carácter que en conjunto hacen de ella un personaje muy humano.
El discurso de Agripa en la Guerra de los judíos de Flavio Josefo: apuntes para un análisis estilístico
Authors: Horrillo Miguel Ángel Rodríguez 
Published: January 2014

Se analiza el discurso de Agripa en el libro segundo de la Guerra de los judíos desde un punto de vista estilístico. El discurso constituye un ejemplo de μελετή literaria en el que Josefo emplea los recursos de imitación y de estilo para generar interacciones culturales entre la Grecia clásica y el presente.
Preconceito e ciência: o ataque de Pietro Andrea Mattioli a Amato Lusitano
Authors: Pinto Antônio Guimarães 
Published: January 2014

Neste artigo, que decorre da tradução, que acabámos há pouco, do livro que o médico e botânico italiano Pietro Andrea Mattioli escreveu em latim contra o também médico Amato Lusitano, procurámos mostrar como o preconceito religioso e racial, de par com a soberba académica, podem distorcer o rigor e isenção nas ciências mais aparentemente isentas de motivações ideológicas ou nacionais. Numa perspectiva de análise sobretudo literária e histórico‑cultural, tentámos provar a falta de probidade científica e seriedade moral com que o conceituado sábio de Siena atacou e procurou destruir a carreira científica, e quem sabe até a própria existência física, do seu colega hebreu‑português.
Quantum Grothendieck rings and derived Hall algebras
Authors: Hernandez David , Leclerc Bernard 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Let 𝔤 = 𝔫 ⊕ 𝔥 ⊕ 𝔫- be a simple Lie algebra over ℂ of type A, D, E, and let
Uq
(L𝔤) be the associated quantum loop algebra.
Following Nakajima [Ann. of Math. (2) 160 (2004), 1057–1097], Varagnolo–Vasserot [Studies in memory of Issai Schur, Birkhäuser-Verlag, Basel (2002), 345–365], and the
first author [Adv. Math. 187 (2004), 1–52],
we study a t-deformation 𝒦
t
of the Grothendieck ring of
a tensor category 𝒞ℤ of finite-dimensional Uq
(L𝔤)-modules.
We obtain a presentation of 𝒦
t
by generators and relations.

Let Q be a Dynkin quiver of the same type as 𝔤.
Let DH(Q) be the derived Hall algebra of the bounded derived category
Db
(mod(F
Q)) over a finite field F,
introduced by Toën [Duke Math. J. 135 (2006), 587–615]. Our presentation shows that
the specialization of 𝒦
t
at t = |F|1/2 is isomorphic to
DH(Q). Under this isomorphism, the classes of fundamental Uq
(L𝔤)-modules
are mapped to scalar multiples of the classes of indecomposable objects in DH(Q).

Our presentation of 𝒦
t
is deduced from the preliminary study of a tensor subcategory 𝒞
Q
of 𝒞ℤ analogous to the heart mod(F
Q) of the
triangulated category Db
(mod(F
Q)). We show that the t-deformed
Grothendieck ring 𝒦
t,Q
of 𝒞
Q
is isomorphic to the positive
part of the quantum enveloping algebra of 𝔤, and that the basis
of classes of simple objects of 𝒦
t,Q
corresponds to the dual of
Lusztig's canonical basis. The proof relies on the algebraic characterizations
of these bases, but we also give a geometric approach in the last section.

It follows that for every orientation Q of the Dynkin diagram,
the category 𝒞
Q
gives a new categorification of the
coordinate ring ℂ[N] of a unipotent group N
with Lie algebra 𝔫,
together with its dual canonical basis.