bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spoken web
Authors: Kumar Arun , Agarwal Sheetal K. 
Published: October 2012

The traditional notion of accessibility is primarily focused on people with different kinds of physical or mental disabilities. Most efforts are spent in developing technologies to help overcome these disabilities. However, in recent times, new kinds of disabilities, namely illiteracy and un-affordability have gained lot of attention in the context of building technologies and solutions for developing regions. Close to 80% of world's population does not have access to Internet whereas mobile phones have rapidly achieved high penetration even in various remote areas.
Spoken Web has emerged as an alternate web for the underprivileged by breaking the barriers of illiteracy, affordability and local languages. It enables ordinary telephone subscribers to create, deploy and offer customized voice-driven applications through a simple voice-based interface accessible from affordable, commercial telephony devices. In this paper, we present an overview of the Spoken Web technology, its capabilities and various kinds of applications it enables. We further briefly present a few case studies and give a view of research efforts spurned by this technology.
Adoptive Transfer of Autologous T Cells Improves T-cell Repertoire Diversity and Long-term B-cell Function in Pediatric Patients with Neuroblastoma
Authors: Grupp Stephan A. , Prak Eline Luning , Boyer Jean , McDonald Kenyetta R. , Shusterman Suzanne , Thompson Edward , Callahan Colleen , Jawad Abbas F. , Levine Bruce L. , June Carl H. , Sullivan Kathleen E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose: Children with high-risk neuroblastoma have a poor prognosis with chemotherapy alone, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation offers improved survival. As a dose-escalation strategy, tandem transplants have been used, but are associated with persistent immunocompromise. This study evaluated the provision of an autologous costimulated, activated T-cell product to support immunologic function.Experimental Design: Nineteen subjects with high-risk neuroblastoma were enrolled in a pilot phase and 23 subjects were entered in to the randomized study. Immunologic reconstitution was defined by flow cytometric and functional assays. Next-generation sequencing was conducted to identify changes to the T-cell repertoire. Twenty-two patients were vaccinated to define effects on antibody responses.Results: Subjects who received their autologous costimulated T-cell product on day 2 had significantly superior T-cell counts and T-cell proliferation compared with those who received T cells on day 90. Early administration of autologous T cells suppressed oligoclonality and enhanced repertoire diversity. The subjects who received the day 2 T-cell product also had better responses to the pneumococcal vaccine.Conclusions: The infusion of activated T cells can improve immunologic function especially when given early after transplant. This study showed the benefit of providing cell therapies during periods of maximum lymphopenia. Clin Cancer Res; 18(24); 6732–41. ©2012 AACR.
Phase I and Pharmacologic Trial of Cytosine Arabinoside with the Selective Checkpoint 1 Inhibitor Sch 900776 in Refractory Acute Leukemias
Authors: Karp Judith E. , Thomas Brian M. , Greer Jacqueline M. , Sorge Christopher , Gore Steven D. , Pratz Keith W. , Smith B. Douglas , Flatten Karen S. , Peterson Kevin , Schneider Paula , Mackey Karen , Freshwater Tomoko , Levis Mark J. , McDevitt Michael A. , Carraway Hetty E. , Gladstone Douglas E. , Showel Margaret M. , Loechner Sabine , Parry David A. , Horowitz Jo Ann , Isaacs Randi , Kaufmann Scott H. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Incorporation of cytarabine into DNA activates checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), which stabilizes stalled replication forks, induces S-phase slowing, and diminishes cytarabine cytotoxicity. The selective Chk1 inhibitor SCH 900776 abrogates cytarabine-induced S-phase arrest and enhances cytarabine cytotoxicity in acute leukemia cell lines and leukemic blasts in vitro. To extend these findings to the clinical setting, we have conducted a phase I study of cytarabine and SCH 900776.
Experimental Design: Twenty-four adults with relapsed and refractory acute leukemias received timed sequential, continuous infusion cytarabine 2 g/m2 over 72 hours (667 mg/m2/24 hours) beginning on day 1 and again on day 10. SCH 900776 was administered as a 15- to 30-minute infusion on days 2, 3, 11, and 12. The starting dose of SCH 900776 was 10 mg/m2/dose.
Results: Dose-limiting toxicities consisting of corrected QT interval prolongation and grade 3 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia occurred at 140 mg flat dosing (dose level 5, equivalent to 80 mg/m2). Complete remissions occurred in 8 of 24 (33%) patients, with 7 of 8 at 40 mg/m2 or higher. SCH 900776 did not accumulate at any dose level. Marrow blasts obtained pretreatment and during therapy showed increased phosphorylation of H2Ax after SCH 900776 beginning at 40 mg/m2, consistent with unrepaired DNA damage.
Conclusions: These data support a randomized phase II trial of cytarabine +/− SCH 900776 at a recommended flat dose of 100 mg (equivalent to 56 mg/m2) for adults with poor-risk leukemias. The trial (SP P05247) was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00907517. Clin Cancer Res; 18(24); 6723–31. ©2012 AACR.
Evaluating the Impact of Public Health Notification
Authors: Eisenstein Eric L. , Wojdyla Daniel , Anstrom Kevin J. , Brennan J. Matthew , Califf Robert M. , Peterson Eric D. , Douglas Pamela S. 
Published: October 2012

Background—
Provider and public health interventions in the late 2006 sought to change the duration of clopidogrel use after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. We evaluated whether public health interventions were associated with changes in patient-reported clopidogrel use among DES patients.

Methods and Results—

We used interrupted time analyses to evaluate trends in duration of patient-reported clopidogrel use before, during, and after public and provider interventions. We included patients with significant coronary artery disease receiving an intracoronary stent between April 2004 and December 2007 at a single tertiary care center. The center supplemented national and regulatory messaging regarding the role of clopidogrel after DES implantation with direct-to-patient and to-their-provider notifications in December 2006. The combination of public and provider direct notification was associated with significant changes in the percent of DES patients reporting clopidogrel use at 6 months (16.55% increase,
P
=0.010) and 12 months (15.33% increase,
P
=0.004), but no change at 24-month follow-up (4.64,
P
=0.295). During the same period, there was no change in the percent of bare-metal stent patients reporting clopidogrel use at 6-month (−3.73%, 0.654), 12-month (−5.98%,
P
=0.389), and 24-month follow-up (−5.16,
P
=0.708). Although mortality rates through 24 months seemed to decrease between the pre- and postintervention periods, these changes were not significant (DES,
P
=0.086; bare-metal stent,
P
=0.296).

Conclusions—
The combination of national scientific and regulatory messaging supplemented by local, personal communications to DES patients and their primary healthcare providers was associated with a significant increase in patient-reported clopidogrel use.
Impact of Community Wealth on Use of Cardiac-Resynchronization Therapy With Defibrillators for Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Farmer Steven A. , Tuohy Elizabeth J. , Small Dylan S. , Wang Yongfei , Groeneveld Peter W. 
Published: October 2012

Background—
Disparities in cardiovascular disease treatment are a major health policy concern. A complex interplay of patient, provider, and social contextual factors affect inequities in care.

Methods and Results—

We used data regarding 22 205 patient stays in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry to explore the effect of hospital resources on receipt of a heart failure therapy, cardiac-resynchronization therapy with defibrillation (CRT-D). When added to patient-level variables, hospital ownership, cardiac patient volume, cardiac procedure availability, CRT-D, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation volumes, and hospital financial characteristics were individually predictive of CRT-D receipt. In the full hierarchical model, average median household income (
P
<0.0001) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation volume (
P
<0.001) remained significant predictors of CRT-D receipt. Patients treated at hospitals in affluent communities were more likely to receive CRT-D than patients treated in poor communities, despite accounting for other patient and hospital characteristics, including insurance status.

Conclusions—
These findings suggest that the likelihood of receiving CRT-D is mediated by community wealth and hospital resources, and that health policy targeting insurance coverage alone may be ineffective in resolving inequities in care.
Origins of Medical Innovation
Authors: Xu Shuai , Avorn Jerry , Kesselheim Aaron S. 
Published: October 2012

Background—
Innovative medical devices make major contributions to patient welfare, and coronary stents have been among the most important device developments of recent decades. However, the origins of such breakthrough medical technologies remain poorly understood.

Methods and Results—
Using a comprehensive database of patents, we identified all individuals and institutions that developed intellectual property related to stent technology early in its development process. The patents were categorized and described using a predetermined qualitative coding strategy. We found 245 granted patents related to bare metal coronary artery stents from 1984 (when the first patent issued in this field) to 1994 (after the first stents were approved). Each year showed an increase in the number of patent filings: from 1 in 1984 to 97 in 1994. The largest fraction of patents was issued to private entities (44.9% of the total). Public companies, individual inventors, and nonprofit institutions represented 31.4%, 18.0%, and 5.7%, respectively. The top 10 most-cited patents in the field were dominated by 2 private entities, Expandable Grafts Partnership and Cook Inc, organizations created by or dependent on the work of independent academic physician-inventors.

Conclusions—
Coronary artery stent technology first arose from individual physician-inventors within academic medical centers and their associated private companies. After these initial innovations were in place, the field became dominated by large public companies. This history suggests that policies aimed at encouraging transformative medical device development would have their greatest effect if focused on individual inventors and scientists performing the early stages of technology development.
Endothelial Nuclear Factor-κB–Dependent Regulation of Arteriogenesis and Branching
Authors: Tirziu Daniela , Jaba Irina M. , Yu Pengchun , Larrivée Bruno , Coon Brian G. , Cristofaro Brunella , Zhuang Zhen W. , Lanahan Anthony A. , Schwartz Martin A. , Eichmann Anne , Simons Michael 
Published: October 2012

Background—
Arteriogenesis and collateral formation are complex processes requiring integration of multiple inputs to coordinate vessel branching, growth, maturation, and network size. Factors regulating these processes have not been determined.

Methods and Results—
We used an inhibitor of NFκB activation (IκBαSR) under control of an endothelial-specific inducible promoter to selectively suppress endothelial nuclear factor-κB activation during development, in the adult vasculature, or in vitro. Inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation resulted in formation of an excessively branched arterial network that was composed of immature vessels and provided poor distal tissue perfusion. Molecular analysis demonstrated reduced adhesion molecule expression leading to decreased monocyte influx, reduced hypoxia-inducible factor-1α levels, and a marked decrease in δ-like ligand 4 expression with a consequent decrease in Notch signaling. The latter was the principal cause of increased vascular branching as treatment with Jagged-1 peptide reduced the size of the arterial network to baseline levels.

Conclusions—
These findings identify nuclear factor-κB as a key regulator of adult and developmental arteriogenesis and collateral formation. Nuclear factor-κB achieves this by regulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α–dependent expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and platelet-derived growth factor-BB, which are necessary for the development and maturation of the arterial collateral network, and by regulating δ-like ligand 4 expression, which in turn determines the size and complexity of the network.
B Vitamins and Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Detected Ischemic Brain Lesions in Patients With Recent Transient Ischemic Attack or Stroke
Authors: Cavalieri Margherita , Schmidt Reinhold , Chen Christopher , Mok Vincent , de Freitas Gabriel R. , Song Swithin , Yi Qilong , Ropele Stefan , Grazer Anja , Homayoon Nina , Enzinger Christian , Loh Katherine , Wong Ka Sing Lawrence , Wong Adrian , Xiong Yunyun , Chang Hui Meng , Wong Meng Cheong , Fazekas Franz , Eikelboom John W. , Hankey Graeme J. 
Published: October 2012

Background and Purpose—

Elevated concentrations of homocysteine are associated with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). b-vitamin supplementation with folate and vitamins b
12
and b
6
reduces homocysteine concentrations. In a substudy of the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) trial, we assessed the hypothesis that the addition of once-daily supplements of b vitamins would reduce the progression of CSVD-related brain lesions.

Methods—
A total of 359 patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack, who were randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with placebo or b vitamins, underwent brain MRI at randomization and after 2 years of b-vitamin supplementation. MR images were analyzed blinded to treatment allocation. Outcomes related to the prespecified hypothesis were progression of white matter hyperintensities and incident lacunes. We also explored the effect of b-vitamin supplementation on the incidence of other ischemic abnormalities.

Results—

After 2 years of treatment with b vitamins or placebo, there was no significant difference in white matter hyperintensities volume change (0.08 vs 0.13cm
3
;
P
=0.419) and incidence of lacunes (8.0% vs 5.9%,
P
=0.434; odds ratio=1.38). In a subanalysis of patients with MRI evidence of severe CSVD at baseline, b-vitamin supplementation was associated with a significant reduction in white matter hyperintensities volume change (0.3 vs 1.7cm
3
;
P
=0.039).

Conclusions—
Daily b-vitamin supplementation for 2 years did not significantly reduce the progression of brain lesions resulting from presumed CSVD in all patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack but may do so in the subgroup of patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack and severe CSVD.

Clinical Trial Registration—

http://vitatops.highway1.com.au/
. Unique identifier: NCT00097669 and ISRCTN74743444.
Driftsonde Observations to Evaluate Numerical Weather Prediction of the Late 2006 African Monsoon
Authors: Drobinski Philippe , Karbou Fatima , Bauer Peter , Cocquerez Philippe , Lavaysse Christophe , Hock Terry , Parsons David , Rabier Florence , Redelsperger Jean-Luc , Vénel Stéphanie 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDuring the international African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project, stratospheric balloons carrying gondolas called driftsondes capable of dropping meteorological sondes were deployed over West Africa and the tropical Atlantic Ocean. The goals of the deployment were to test the technology and to study the African easterly waves, which are often the forerunners of hurricanes. Between 29 August and 22 September 2006, 124 sondes were dropped over the seven easterly waves that moved across Africa into the Atlantic between about 10° and 20°N, where almost no in situ vertical information exists. Conditions included waves that developed into Tropical Storm Florence and Hurricanes Gordon and Helene. In this study, a selection of numerical weather prediction model outputs has been compared with the dropsondes to assess the effect of some developments in data assimilation on the quality of analyses and forecasts. By comparing two different versions of the Action de Recherche Petite Echelle Grande Echelle (ARPEGE) model of Météo-France with the dropsondes, first the benefits of the last data assimilation updates are quantified. Then comparisons are carried out using the ARPEGE model and the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. It is shown that the two models represent very well the vertical structure of temperature and humidity over both land and sea, and particularly within the Saharan air layer, which displays humidity below 5%–10%. Conversely, the models are less able to represent the vertical structure of the meridional wind. This problem seems to be common to ARPEGE and IFS, and its understanding still requires further investigations.
A New HadGEM3-A-Based System for Attribution of Weather- and Climate-Related Extreme Events
Authors: Christidis Nikolaos , Stott Peter A. , Scaife Adam A. , Arribas Alberto , Jones Gareth S. , Copsey Dan , Knight Jeff R. , Tennant Warren J. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
A new system for attribution of weather and climate extreme events has been developed based on the atmospheric component of the latest Hadley Centre model. The model is run with either observational data of sea surface temperature and sea ice or estimates of what their values would be without the effect of anthropogenic climatic forcings. In that way, ensembles of simulations are produced that represent the climate with and without the effect of human influences. A comparison between the ensembles provides estimates of the change in the frequency of extremes due to anthropogenic forcings. To evaluate the new system, reliability diagrams are constructed, which compare the model-derived probability of extreme events with their observed frequency. The ability of the model to reproduce realistic distributions of relevant climatic variables is another key aspect of the system evaluation. Results are then presented from analyses of three recent high-impact events: the 2009/10 cold winter in the United Kingdom, the heat wave in Moscow in July 2010, and floods in Pakistan in July 2010. An evaluation assessment indicates the model can provide reliable results for the U.K. and Moscow events but not for Pakistan. It is found that without anthropogenic forcings winters in the United Kingdom colder than 2009/10 would be 7–10 times (best estimate) more common. Although anthropogenic forcings increase the likelihood of heat waves in Moscow, the 2010 event is found to be very uncommon and associated with a return time of several hundred years. No reliable attribution assessment can be made for high-precipitation events in Pakistan.
The Efficiency of Assimilating Satellite Soil Moisture Retrievals in a Land Data Assimilation System Using Different Rainfall Error Models
Authors: Maggioni Viviana , Reichle Rolf H. , Anagnostou Emmanouil N. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The efficiency of assimilating near-surface soil moisture retrievals from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) observations in a Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS) is assessed using satellite rainfall forcing and two different satellite rainfall error models: a complex, multidimensional satellite rainfall error model (SREM2D) and the simpler (control) model (CTRL) used in the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Model, version 5 LDAS. For the study domain of Oklahoma, LDAS soil moisture estimates improve over the satellite retrievals and the open-loop (no assimilation) land surface model estimates, exhibiting higher daily anomaly correlation coefficients (e.g., 0.36 in the open loop, 0.38 in the AMSR-E, and 0.50 in LDAS for surface soil moisture). The LDAS soil moisture estimates also match the performance of a benchmark model simulation forced with high-quality radar precipitation. Compared to using the CTRL rainfall error model in LDAS, using the more complex SREM2D exhibits only slight improvements in soil moisture estimates.
Mapping Mean Monthly Temperatures over a Coastal Hilly Area Incorporating Terrain Aspect Effects
Authors: Guan Huade , Zhang Xinping , Makhnin Oleg , Sun Zhian 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEfforts in the past two decades on air temperature mapping based on sparse monitoring networks reveal that algorithms based on multiple linear regressions with geographical and topographical parameters perform promisingly. In this study, a multiple-regression model, previously for precipitation characterization using autosearched orographic and atmospheric effects (PCASOA), is applied to analyze spatial distribution of mean monthly daily maximum and minimum temperatures (at 33 stations) in Adelaide and the Mount Lofty Ranges (9000 km2), a coastal hilly area in South Australia. Terrain aspect (or slope orientation) is transformed and explicitly incorporated in the model, together with some other topographic variables. Overall, PCASOA captures 91% and 70% observed spatial variability for mean monthly maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperature, respectively. The regression also infers some physical processes influencing the air temperature distribution. The results indicate horizontal gradients of Tmax in the east–west and north–south directions, which can be related to the effects of dominant wind directions in the study area. The effect of terrain ruggedness on Tmax is likely related to the blockage of sea breeze in the complex terrain. Cold air drainage potential only influences Tmin during winter months in the study area. Terrain slope and aspect significantly contribute to interpreting Tmin spatial distribution and can be related to their sheltering effect from the dominant cool inland winds. They also contribute to interpreting Tmax spatial distribution, while the physical mechanism is not clear.
Influence of a Radome on Antenna Performance
Authors: Frech Michael , Lange Bertram , Mammen Theo , Seltmann Joerg , Morehead Chris , Rowan Joshua 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The German Meteorological Service [Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)] operates the German weather radar network and is currently replacing all radar systems with new dual-polarization radars. One of the key components of a radar system is its antenna. The quality of the dual-polarized (dual-pol) moments is dependent on the quality of the antenna and its proper characterization. Dedicated on-site antenna pattern measurements with and without radome are performed in order to verify the antenna and radome specification of the new Hohenpeissenberg radar. Those on-site measurements are carried out from three different source sites in the far field of the antenna. The pattern measurements show that the main antenna specifications, such as the 3-dB beamwidth, beam squint, and sidelobe levels, are met. This is also true if a radome is in place. However, the data suggest that the manufacturer’s specifications are not fulfilled completely. This study finds a substantial increase of the copolar power level off the main beam. The homogeneity of the main beam with respect to differential power and phase is degraded with the radome. The measurements based on the three source sites indicate that a small (but negligible) radome-induced azimuthal variability of the radar moments can be expected. The integrated cross-polarization ratio based on the pattern measurement suggests that 1.4 dB of sensitivity is lost in the linear depolarization ratio (LDR) due to the dry radome.