bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes concerning family size in Poland: a replication study
Authors: Dolińska Barbara 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article reports on a replication study of “Childless by choice? Attributions and attitudes concerning family size”, research published in Social Behavior and Personality and carried out by Valerie LaMastro in 2001. In the study presented in this paper the author examined the personality characteristics ascribed by naive perceivers to people with families of varying sizes. Students (N = 284) read one of twenty-four paragraphs describing a heterosexual couple who varied in the number of children they had (no children, one child, two children, six children) and in male and female employment status. Targets were rated on 28 personality characteristics and seven relationship quality statements concerning the level of family happiness. The results obtained indicated that a childless pair was viewed as less happy than those with children. Parents of any size family were, however, perceived similarly
LANDFORMS AND GEOMORPHOSITES ONGOING CHANGES: CONCEPTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR GEOHERITAGE PROMOTION
Authors: Pelfini Manuela , Bollati Irene 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The promotion of geological and geomorphological heritage is growing in importance for educational initiatives. The constantly increasing interest towards changing landforms due to changing climate conditions asks not only for improving the values of the cultural proposals but also for précising the subject of the discussion. Cultural trails and natural resources valorisation are more and more frequently based on the concept of geomorphosite, which is strictly linked to landform typology definitions. In sensitive areas, changing geomorphosites are considered of great interest as a typical response to changes in climate. In this paper, on the basis of recent research, we discuss the definitions of landforms and geomorphosites activity in relation to surface processes dynamics. In addition, we discuss the implications of geomorphological surface processes for geomorphosite evolution and degradation and their consequent impact on related valorisation activities. We indicate how both active and passive landforms, and therefore geomorphosites, are of great interest for scientific, educational and tourism purposes.
Microsurgical management of deep ruptured arteriovenous malformations of the basal ganglia and thalamus
Authors: Sandu Aurelia Mihaela , Giovani Andrei , Cristescu Catioara Fănica , Gorgan Mircea Radu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIntroduction : Deep AVMs are more difficult to operate compared with other supratentorial locations due to the long working corridor through the brain, location in eloquent areas and vicinity with brain critical structures.Material and Method : We report a series of 7 cases with deep AVMs operated in the Fourth Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical Hospital Bagdasar-Arseni, between 2009 and 2013.Results : Six patients had ruptured AVMs and one presented frequent, refractory seizures due to a deep large porencephalic cyst. At admission, one patient presented mRS 2, 3 patients had mRS 4 and 3 patients had mRS 5. Patients underwent surgery and we achieved total resection in 5 patients and we left a residual nidus in two cases. These last 2 patients with residual nidus were referred to stereotactic radiosurgery Gamma Knife with good results. Following surgery mRS improved in all 7 patients, 3 had mRS 1, 3 had mRS 3 and one mRS 4. Outcome was favorable in 3 cases and slowly favorable in 4 patients.Conclusions : Deep AVMs frequently present sudden onset, with altered mental state, motor deficits and large intraparenchymatal hematomas. Surgery is mandatory for deep ruptured AVMs, being the only treatment that can provide neurological improvement through hematoma evacuation and cure through nidus resection. In experienced hands, deep AVMs can be successfully resected. Postoperative results are good, with improvement of state of consciousness and motor deficits. Adequate patient selection is essential in order to achieve a good postoperative outcome.
Craniopharyngioma: How to deal with?
Authors: Pintea Bianca St. , Andrasoni Zorinela , Florian I.St. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCraniopharyngiomas are rare, highly complex tumors with bimodal incidence in the pediatric and adult age groups. In our opinion, depending on the means possible, total microscopic ablation offers the best chance of healing, or at least prolongs the time interval of recurrences.Objective : The purpose of this paper is to add our surgical experience to in the last 11 years, in the context of the large debate from literature regarding the best therapeutically option concerning craniopharyngioma treatments.Materials and Methods : We performed a retrospective analysis of 42 consecutive patients with craniopharyngioma who underwent surgical resection by one surgeon at the Neurosurgical Department of Cluj-Napoca County Emergency Hospital between January 2002 and December 2012. We perform a systematic review of the published review on goals and techniques associated with selected surgical strategies for the treatment of CPH.Results : During this period a total of 42 patients with craniopharyngioma were treated in our institution by a single neurosurgeon, representing 12% from all cases of sellar and parasellar tumors respectively operated in last 11 years. There is a significant male preponderance. Nine patients were less than 18 years of age at admission. The patient age distribution showed a peak incidence between 10 and 15 years and another between 45 and 50 years. Considering the pediatric and adult populations together, the most common presenting symptom was visual disturbances with 60% of patients presenting in this manner, followed by severe headache in more than 50% of cases. Obstructive hydrocephalus occurred in 31% of cases. Calcifications were seen in 45% of cases, more frequently in children. All our cases underwent surgery by transcranial approach; extended frontotemporal, as the first choice, in 57% of cases. Gross total removal was achieved in over half of cases and near total resection was achieved in 40% of cases. The most frequent postoperative complications: diabetes insipidus and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. No visual impairment was observed after surgery in the patients with normal visions at presentation. Only 3 of cases primarily operated by us recurred, in an interval of one to five years. The mortality rate in our cases treated by transcranial surgery was 2% in primary cases and 7% in cases of tumor recurrence.Conclusions : Radical surgery offers the best chance for cure. Radical surgery is also associated with a higher risk of postoperative morbidity, being the reason for why many neurosurgeons recommend a subtotal resection followed by radiotherapy. In our opinion radical surgery is possible in large majority of the cases, fronto-temporal approach offering the most appropriate way to reach this objective. Every case must be judged with maximal attention based on preoperative neuroimagistic data but decisively, on intraoperative findings.
Cladophialophora bantiana brain abscess masquerading cerebral tuberculoma in an immunocompetent host
Authors: Agrawal Amit , Shanthi Vissa , Murali Mohan K.V. , Hegde Kishor V. , Reddy V. Umamaheshwar 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Phaeohyphomycosis is a term that collectively describes fungal infections caused by moulds and yeasts that have brown-pigmented cell walls (due to the presence of melanin). We report a case of 45 year female who had multiple coalescing lesions in the right basal ganglionic and thalamic region. Based on the imaging and investigation findings a diagnosis of cerebral tuberculoma was suspected. Histopathology of the excised specimen showed brown colored fungal hyphae surrounded by neutrophilic infiltrate. A diagnosis of phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana was made and accordingly antifungal treatment was started. Brain abscess caused by Cladophialophora bantiana in an immunocompetent host is relatively uncommon and usually associated with overall high mortality. The best outcomes have been reported in patients who receive both surgical excision of the abscess followed by systemic antifungal therapy. In view of its rarity of these lesions preoperative diagnosis is difficult particularly in an immunocompetent host and absence of other risk factors.
Long segment dorsolumbar spinal arachnoid cyst: a case report
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Gopal Nityanand , Kumar Varsha 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Congenital spinal intradural arachnoid cyst involving almost the entire spine is very rare. We report a case of 15 years old boy, who presented with progressive spastic paraparesis with gait instability for last 4 months. MRI spine revealed thoracolumbar arachnoid cyst extending from D4 to L3 segment. Complete surgical excision of arachnoid cyst and laminoplasty was done. Patient recovered completely and histopathological examination of specimen confirmed the diagnosis of arachnoid cyst.
Large cerebello-pontine epidermoid tumor in a child
Authors: Agrawal Amit , Baisakhiya Nitish , Deshmukh P.T. , Joharapurkar S.R. , Mukherjee Prasenjit 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Cerebellopontine angle lesions are more commonly found in adults; however, they are uncommon in children. 13 year female child presented with progressive cerebellar signs and decreased hearing in left ear. Magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive of left cerebello-pontine angle epidermoid tumor that was treated surgically. In this rare case we discuss the imaging findings and review the relevant literature.
Hydraulic performance of zero-valent iron and nano-sized zero-valent iron permeable reactive barriers – laboratory test
Authors: Fronczyk Joanna , Pawluk Katarzyna 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Hydraulic performance of zero-valent iron and nano-sized zero-valent iron permeable reactive barriers - laboratory test. The hydraulic conductivity of zero-valent iron treatment zone of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) may be decreased by reducing the porosity caused by gas production and solids precipitation. The study was undertaken in order to evaluate the influence of chloride and heavy metals on the hydraulic conductivity of ZVI and nZVI using hydraulic conductivity tests as well as continuous column tests. Results show that the lead retention in the solution had no impact for hydraulic conductivity in ZVI sample, on the other hand the calculated hydraulic conductivity losses in nZVI sample (from 4.10·10-5 to 2.30·10-5 m·s-1) were observed. Results also indicate that liquids containing the mixture of heavy metals may cause significant decrease in hydraulic conductivity (from 1.03·10-4 to 1.51·10-6 m·s-1). During the column tests, several number of clogging of the reactive material caused by iron hydroxides precipitation was observed over the course of injection of heavy metals solution. In contrast, the hydraulic conductivity of ZVI and nZVI is unaffected when they are permeated with chloride ions solution (k = 1.03·10-4 m·s-1). Finally, the results indicate the need to take account of changes in the hydraulic conductivity of reactive materials for successful implementation of PRBs technology.
An analysis of some basic chemical and physical properties of drained fen peat and moorsh soil layers
Authors: Truba Milena , Oleszczuk Ryszard 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The analysis of some basic chemical and physical properties of drained fen peat and moorsh soil layers. The paper presents the results of measurements of some chemical properties for 14 drained fen peat-moorsh layers taken from north-east, central and east part of Poland. These areas were drained in order to use as a grassland and most of them in former time were under sub- -irrigation systems. The following basic chemical properties were analysed: organic C, total N, C:N ratio, pH and ash content. In the paper also the relationships between some basic chemical and physical properties were analysed (ash content with bulk density, particle density and porosity). Increasing of ash content caused the decreasing of some chemical properties (organic carbon and total nitrogen content) and increasing some physical properties (bulk density and particle density).
Artificial Penile Nodules: a Case Series of Three Patients
Authors: Bjekić Milan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Artificial penile nodules are inert objects inserted beneath the skin of the penis. Objects placed underneath the skin of the penile shaft may include plastic beads made from toothbrushes, silicon, metal pellets, glass, ivory, precious metals, marbles or pearls. The penile bead implantation is performed largely due to the belief that it will enhance sexual performance and pleasure of female or male sexual partners during intercourse. In this article, three cases with artificial penile nodules made of toothbrushes and dice are presented. All three men have implanted foreign bodies underneath the dorsal aspect of the penile skin during their prison stay and implantations were not followed by any side effects. However, insertion of foreign bodies may be followed by early and late complications and transmission of blood-borne viruses. Penile implants are important for dermatological consideration, because they make condom use more difficult and may represent a risk factor for sexually transmitted infections.
Impacts of Human Disturbance on Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus Distribution and Demography in Scottish Woodland
Authors: Moss Robert , Leckie Fiona , Biggins Amanda , Poole Tim , Baines David , Kortland Kenny 
Published: April 2014

Leisure activities in fragmented western European forests are thought to threaten local populations of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus. We studied impacts of human disturbance on capercaillie in three Scottish woods by documenting the distribution of their droppings in relation to woodland tracks and entrances, surrogates for human activity. Droppings were sparser within 300–800 m of entrances and 70–235 m of tracks, depending on track use and habitat. Some 75% of each wood lay within 130 m of a track. In the most disturbed wood, droppings were most abundant in the centres of larger patches of trackless boggy ground, which acted as refuges. The reproductive rate (chicks reared per hen) at our three study areas was no less than in other, less disturbed parts of the same valley. The ratio of full‐grown hens to cocks, however, was unusually low in the two most disturbed woods. Disturbance reduces the birds' living space, possibly affecting hens more than cocks. It might therefore impact metapopulation dynamics and contribute to genetic impoverishment in small populations. Ensuring that people and dogs keep to tracks, closing tracks and creating refuges should mitigate such effects.
Wildbachsperren aus Fichte und Tanne: Festigkeit und Pilzbefall in den ersten Jahren
Authors: Rickli Christian , Graf Frank 
Published: April 2014

Timber constructions in torrent control with Norway spruce and silver fir: wood quality and colonisation with decay fungi during the first years
Timber is widely used for protection measures in torrent control. However, life span of woody constructions such as timber check dams is limited due to fungal decay. Only sparse scientific information is available on the long-term behaviour of timber structures and the colonisation with decay fungi. Related to this, in practice a controversial discussion has been going on if either Norway spruce (Picea abies) or silver fir (Abies alba) is more enduring and if bark removal increases resistance against fungal decay. In order to going into this matter, a series of 15 timber check dams built in 1996/1997 has been monitored. The constructions were alternatively realised with Norway spruce and silver fir, half of them each with remaining and removed bark, respectively. The scientific investigations included the documentation of colonisation with rot fungi and the identification of decayed zones with a simple practical approach as well as based on drilling resistance. Colonisation by decay fungi started three years after construction (e.g. Gloeophyllum sepiarium), two years later first parts with reduced wood resistance were detected. The protection measures were still fully functional sixteen years after construction although decay was found on all check dams but two. Wood quality was markedly better in watered sections compared to the occasionally dry lateral abutment sections, without showing clear differences in decay between logs of Norway spruce and silver fir. However, both the practical approach and the drilling resistance measurement suggest more defects on logs without bark. Further investigations and sound statistical analysis are needed to confirm the observed trends.
The Effect of Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Asunaprevir, an HCV NS3 Protease Inhibitor
Authors: Eley Timothy , He Bing , Chang Ih , Colston Elizabeth , Child Michael , Bedford William , Kandoussi Hamza , Pasquinelli Claudio , Marbury Thomas C , Bertz Richard J 
Published: April 2014

Background It is necessary to evaluate the impact of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetic profile of direct-acting antiviral agents for the treatment of HCV infection. Methods In this open-label, parallel group, multiple-dose study subjects (aged 18–70 years with a body mass index <35 kg/m2) with mild ( n=6), moderate ( n=6) and severe hepatic impairment ( n=4) received asunaprevir 200 mg twice daily; healthy subjects ( n=12) were matched (age, weight, gender) 1:1 to the first 4 subjects in each hepatic impairment group to act as controls. Pharmacokinetic sampling and analyses were performed on days 1 and 7 of dosing. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived by non-compartmental methods. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% CIs were used to assess the impact of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of asunaprevir, relative to healthy matched controls. Results Compared with healthy subjects, mild hepatic impairment did not result in meaningful alterations in asunaprevir exposure (day 7 maximal plasma concentration [Cmax] GMR: 0.58 [90% CI 0.35, 0.98]; area under the plasma concentration–time curve in one dosing interval [AUCtau] GMR: 0.79 [90% CI 0.55, 1.15]); clinically significant increases in asunaprevir exposure were observed in subjects with moderate (Cmax GMR: 5.03 [90% CI 2.99, 8.47]; AUCtau GMR: 9.83 [90% CI 6.76, 14.28]) and severe hepatic impairment (Cmax GMR: 22.92 [90% CI 12.57, 41.81]; AUCtau GMR: 32.08 [90% CI 20.84, 49.40]). Correlation between increased asunaprevir exposure and all individual components of the Child–Pugh classification system was observed in subjects with moderate and severe hepatic impairment. Conclusions Mild hepatic impairment does not meaningfully affect the pharmacokinetic profile of asunaprevir. The dosing of asunaprevir in patients with moderate-to-severe hepatic impairment is not recommended. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01019070.
De quelques fausses idées du contrepoint d’école et de leurs conséquences
Authors: Nicolas Patrice 
Published: April 2014

Désirant renouer avec une tradition contrapuntique dont les principes étaient depuis longtemps oubliés, les théoriciens de l’école française des xixe et xxe siècles, désormais dominés par les notions harmoniques, donnèrent les chimères de leur imagination pour des vérités ayant de tout temps existé. Il est donc malheureux que leurs ouvrages servent encore de base à l’enseignement du contrepoint dans la plupart des institutions québécoises d’éducation musicale, en ce qu’ils condamnent l’esprit de tout apprenti contrapuntiste à se perdre dans le dédale inextricable d’une science imaginaire. Il en résulte d’ailleurs un fait fort inquiétant sur lequel on ne peut plus élever le moindre doute : c’est que le contrepoint d’école ne mène aucunement l’étudiant vers les grands polyphonistes. Dès lors, incapable d’analyser correctement les oeuvres du Moyen Âge et de la Renaissance – et donc incapable d’en saisir les mécanismes et de s’en faire une idée complète –, l’apprenti compositeur s’en détourne, passant à côté de bien des techniques d’écritures fort intéressantes, lesquelles, surtout en ces temps postmodernes, ne pourraient donner que plus d’élan à son originalité.
Après un bref exposé de la théorie contrapuntique originelle, quelques-unes des fictions romantiques sont passées en revue. Il est ainsi démontré que rien ne vaut l’emploi des traités du Moyen Âge et de la Renaissance pour l’enseignement du contrepoint et de l’analyse de la musique ancienne. De courts extraits tirés d’oeuvres de différentes époques sont analysés afin de montrer que la théorie contrapuntique originelle conduit à une parfaite compréhension des oeuvres contemporaines, une chose à laquelle ne peut prétendre le pseudo-contrepoint romantique.
Disease patterns and causes of death of hospitalized HIV‐positive adults in West Africa: a multicountry survey in the antiretroviral treatment era
Authors: Lewden Charlotte , Drabo Youssoufou J , Zannou Djimon M , Maiga Moussa Y , Minta Daouda K , Sow Papa S , Akakpo Jocelyn , Dabis François , Eholié Serge P ,   The IeDEA West Africa Collaboration
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the morbidity and mortality patterns in HIV‐positive adults hospitalized in West Africa.MethodWe conducted a six‐month prospective multicentre survey within the IeDEA West Africa collaboration in six adult medical wards of teaching hospitals in Abidjan, Ouagadougou, Cotonou, Dakar and Bamako. From April to October 2010, all newly hospitalized HIV‐positive patients were eligible. Baseline and follow‐up information until hospital discharge was recorded using standardized forms. Diagnoses were reviewed by a local event validation committee using reference definitions. Factors associated with in‐hospital mortality were studied with a logistic regression model.ResultsAmong 823 hospitalized HIV‐positive adults (median age 40 years, 58% women), 24% discovered their HIV infection during the hospitalization, median CD4 count was 75/mm3 (IQR: 25–177) and 48% had previously received antiretroviral treatment (ART). The underlying causes of hospitalization were AIDS‐defining conditions (54%), other infections (32%), other diseases (8%) and non‐specific illness (6%). The most frequent diseases diagnosed were: tuberculosis (29%), pneumonia (15%), malaria (10%) and cerebral toxoplasmosis (10%). Overall, 315 (38%) patients died during hospitalization and the underlying cause of death was AIDS (63%), non‐AIDS‐defining infections (26%), other diseases (7%) and non‐specific illness or unknown cause (4%). Among them, the most frequent fatal diseases were: tuberculosis (36%), cerebral toxoplasmosis (10%), cryptococcosis (9%) and sepsis (7%). Older age, clinical WHO stage 3 and 4, low CD4 count, and AIDS‐defining infectious diagnoses were associated with hospital fatality.ConclusionsAIDS‐defining conditions, primarily tuberculosis, and bacterial infections were the most frequent causes of hospitalization in HIV‐positive adults in West Africa and resulted in high in‐hospital fatality. Sustained efforts are needed to integrate care of these disease conditions and optimize earlier diagnosis of HIV infection and initiation of ART.
Reading Akkadian Prayers and Hymns. Edited by Alan Lenzi
Authors: Foster Benjamin R. 
Published: April 2014

Reading Akkadian Prayers and Hymns. Edited by Alan Lenzi. Ancient Near East Monographs, vol. 3. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2011. Pp. 542. $69.95 (paper). [May be downloaded free at http://www.sbl-site.org/publications/Books_ ANEmonographs.aspx.]