bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speech and language therapy/pathology: perspectives on a gendered profession
Authors: Litosseliti Lia , Leadbeater Claire 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe speech and language therapy/pathology (SLT/SLP) profession is characterized by extreme ‘occupational sex segregation’, a term used to refer to persistently male‐ or female‐dominated professions. Men make up only 2.5% of all SLTs in the UK, and a similar imbalance is found in other countries. Despite calls to increase diversity in the allied health professions more generally, research into the reasons for occupational sex segregation and gender as a potential key factor remains scarce.AimsThis study aims to explore the potential role of gender/gendered discourses in people's decision to pursue a career in SLT/SLP. It seeks to illustrate how gendered assumptions/expectations/discourses continue to construct SLT as a ‘gendered’ profession, and to make some recommendations in this area for SLT recruitment and practice.Methods & ProceduresThe study adopted a qualitative design which elicited research participants’ views, knowledge and experiences (in their own words) in relation to the research questions. Data collection involved two iterative phases: a preliminary data phase—which involved semi‐structured interviews with newly qualified SLT graduates and practising SLTs, and the completion of questionnaires by undergraduate SLTs—and a main/focus group phase. In the focus group phase reported in this paper, six focus groups in total were held with SLTs, teachers of SLT, and careers advisors in London, UK. The data were analysed qualitatively using grounded theory principles, thematic analysis and discourse analysis.Outcomes & ResultsThe findings extend our knowledge and understanding of gender as a parameter of people's motivations and perceptions, which can influence their choice of career (e.g. as regards pay and flexibility). The findings also show that discourses around women as carers, nurturers and communicators constitute key ways through which the SLT profession continues to be constructed as ‘women's work’. The topic of structural gender inequalities in the profession was also discussed in the data. Some recommendations for change, with implications for SLT recruitment and practice, were made by the participants themselves.Conclusions & ImplicationsGender imbalance in SLT needs to be researched further in order to help address inequalities, re‐evaluate professional practices and develop service delivery in the profession. This area also needs to be researched via analysis that goes beyond gender distribution in numerical terms to consider the complex perceptions or discourses around gender and work. Cross‐disciplinary and comparative perspectives in future research would also be fruitful.
Pathways and Management of Phosphorus in Urban Areas
Authors: Kalmykova Yuliya , Harder Robin , Borgestedt Helena , Svanäng Ingela 
Published: November 2012

SummaryDue to the finite nature of mineral phosphorus reserves, effective management of anthropogenic phosphorus flows is currently under investigation by the international research community. This article emphasizes the importance of urban phosphorus flows, which are often marginalized due to the greater magnitude of agricultural phosphorus flows. A study on phosphorus flows in Gothenburg, Sweden, points out the potential role of solid waste in nutrient management, as the amounts of phosphorus in solid waste and in wastewater were found to be equal. Importation of food commodities accounts for 50% of the total inflow of phosphorus, and food waste is a major contributor of phosphorus to solid waste. The results suggest that solid waste incineration residues represent a large underestimated sink of phosphorus. Focusing on wastewater as the sole source of recovered phosphorus is not sufficient. The Swedish national goal on phosphorus recycling, which is limited to sewage sludge, targets only a part of the total phosphorus flow that can potentially be recovered. In contrast to previous studies, agricultural flows in Gothenburg were marginal compared to flows related to the urban waste management infrastructure. We emphasize the need for debate on preferable routes for disposal of waste with a high phosphorus content. Both recovery potential and usefulness of the recovered product for agricultural purposes have to be considered. Impacts of five waste management strategies on phosphorus flows were evaluated: incineration of all the waste, comprehensive food waste separation, installation of kitchen grinders, urine diversion, and separation of blackwater and food waste.
Interpreting the Nahuat Dialogue on the Envious Dead with Jerome Bruner's Theory of Narrative
Authors: Taggart James M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Nahuat of Huitzilan de Serdán, Mexico, engage in an oral dialogue about the envious dead who kill children with envy sickness. In this article, I present recorded portions of this dialogue to evaluate Jerome Bruner's hypotheses on the relationship between thought and emotion as they apply to an oral culture. The recorded dialogue reveals some of the ways that words for emotional states, such as envy or nexicol, acquire their meaning through “attunement” between the narrator and the audience. I argue that a fuller consideration of oral genres, a staple of folktale scholarship, and the use of psychoanalytic theory would add to the potential of Bruner's theory for understanding how emotion words such as envy acquire their meaning in an oral culture.
Emotion in Exchange: Situating Hmong Depressed Mood in Social Context
Authors: Postert Christian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe connections between emotions and social exchange in non‐Western communities remain largely uncharted. I conducted long‐term anthropological fieldwork on the dynamics of depressed mood in exchange cycles from 2000 to 2002 in Hmong highland villages in the Province of Luang Phabang, Laos. Hmong gift and commodity exchanges embody diametrically opposed values and different social configurations. Hmong depressed mood (tu siab) emerges as a regulatory device at the tension‐laden intersection of these opposing spheres of social exchange. Tu siab is part of a bidirectional process that connects the individual and social realm and may be conceived of as a means of local cultural resistance to global processes of monetarization and commodification. Comparison to Hmong communities in French Guiana reveals that depressed mood plays a key role in the regulation of exchange even after substantial socioeconomic transformations in the framework of global and local market economies. These data provide evidence of the deep embeddedness of Hmong depressed mood (tu siab) in specific cultural contexts, challenging universalizing and psychopathologizing approaches to cross‐cultural research on emotions.
Commentary: Some Practical and Theoretical Implications of the Discrepancies between Allopathic and Patient Models of Disease
Authors: Loeffler Agnes G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAs much as has been written about allopathic hegemony silencing and replacing others’ viewpoints and voices in daily clinical encounters, one is impressed by the resistance with which individual patients counter the truth claims of allopathic medicine. The cognitive frames or schemas with which patients think about their illness and choose modes of redress are the basis of their engagement with medicine, and determine to what extent they will allow allopathic hegemonization of their bodies. If the tropes, metaphors, or messages implicit in medicine's expectations for how a patient is supposed to behave are not consonant with those that give meaning and identity to the patient himself or herself, allopathic therapy is bound to fail. It will either be avoided by the patient, or, as David Perusek shows in this issue, it will be a source of frustration as it challenges patients’ own ideas of what and how to be in the world. The concept of “medical pluralism” should be expanded to include the cognitive schemas or “key concepts” that patients use to construct meaning and chart a course of behavior through an illness that is consonant with how they think about themselves and relate socially, politically, and economically with others.
Commentary: Being Their Worst Nightmare: On David Perusek's “Cancer, Culture, and Individual Experience”
Authors: Frank Arthur W. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMy comment describes what has remained the same and what differs between David Perusek's report of recent cancer and my experiences in the 1980s. Pink‐ribbon culture, with its benefits and dangers, is new, but the obtuse things people say are remarkably constant. I discuss why I have become more sympathetic to people's difficulty responding to those who have cancer, and why I have come to accept the troublesome word survivor. I extend Perusek's argument to issues of life after cancer treatment ends, and I affirm his rejection of “battle” metaphors. Finally, I discuss people's responses to cancer as an instance of generalized reliance on recipes as ways of dealing with what is uncertain. I argue that a distortion of the meaning of hope is part of the fate of our times.
Where There are only Doctors: Counselors as Psychiatrists in Indian‐Administered Kashmir
Authors: Varma Saiba 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn the last decade, over half a dozen local and international humanitarian organizations have established psychosocial programs to ameliorate the suffering of victims of violence in Kashmir. Many promote nonpharmacological trauma healing, such as counseling and psychotherapy, in contrast to the pharmacological treatments preferred by state mental health services. Although anthropologists have critiqued humanitarianism for its inadequate attention to local contexts, in this article, I attempt to go beyond this critique by focusing on the locals or “nationals” who staff these organizations. Kashmiri psychosocial workers mediate between formal, international guidelines of psychosocial treatment, on the one hand, and local understandings of biomedical efficacy and care, on the other hand. I specifically show how counselors appropriate medical and psychiatric expert practices in their everyday work, not to increase their own prestige but to make their practice more legible to their patients or clients. As such, one of the unintended effects of psychosocial programs in Kashmir is the perpetuation of a medical model of care. Rather than being caused by a lack of knowledge of the local context, however, I argue that such borrowings are central to how psychosocial practices have been vernacularized in Kashmir.
“Corn is food, not contraband”: The right to “free trade” at the Mexico–Guatemala border
Authors: GALEMBA REBECCA B. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWith no local outlet to sell their corn harvests as a result of neoliberal policies, residents on the Mexico–Guatemala border pursued an alternative strategy. They mobilized to smuggle corn from Mexico to Guatemala and asserted that this constituted legitimate “free trade.” Residents reinterpreted free trade to imply their right to “freely” sell corn over the border, thereby challenging the implications of official free‐trade policies that were anything but free. Yet, as locals participate in this growing trade and negotiate with state officials, they may contribute to the neoliberal economic dynamics, increasing regional inequalities, and patron–client state relations they otherwise protest.
Beauty as control in the new Saigon: Eviction, new urban zones, and atomized dissent in a Southeast Asian city
Authors: HARMS ERIK 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe eviction of residents to make way for a “new urban zone” in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, is legitimized by notions of building a beautiful, breathable, and orderly city. Although angry about their unfair treatment in the eviction process, residents ultimately support this discourse of beauty. They challenge eviction through individual squabbles over compensation rates, land measurements, and resettlement sites. In the process, dissent becomes atomized and residents reproduce a mode of valuing land based primarily on monetary value. In this context, notions of beauty, despite having counterhegemonic potential, reproduce rather than challenge core ideals legitimizing the project.
Writing against identity politics: An essay on gender, race, and bureaucratic pain
Authors: LAVIE SMADAR 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTEquating bureaucratic entanglements with pain—or what, arguably, can be seen as torture—might seem strange. But for single Mizrahi welfare mothers in Israel, somatization of bureaucratic logic as physical pain precludes the agency of identity politics. This essay elaborates on Don Handelman's scholarship on bureaucratic logic as divine cosmology and posits that Israel's bureaucracy is based on a theological essence that amalgamates gender and race. The essay employs a world anthropologies’ theoretical toolkit to represent bureaucratic torture in multiple narrative modes, including anger, irony, and humor, as a counterexample to dominant U.S.–U.K. formulae for writing and theorizing culture.
Primary analysis of DNA polymorphisms in the TRIM region (MHC subregion) of the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica
Authors: SUZUKI Shingo , HOSOMICHI Kazuyoshi , YOKOYAMA Kana , TSUDA Kaoru , HARA Hiromi , YOSHIDA Yutaka , FUJIWARA Akira , MIZUTANI Makoto , SHIINA Takashi , KONO Tomohiro , HANZAWA Kei 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBased on sequences of two cosmid clones from Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica, Coja), we confirmed that the syntenic cluster, GNB2L1∼BTN1∼BTN2, is located in the quail TRIM subregion of the quail major histocompatibility complex (MHC Coja) region. These cosmids also included four CjBG loci and one CjLEC locus; therefore, the quail TRIM subregion was thought to be adjacent to the BG/LEC subregion. We then identified three polymorphic markers – CjHEP21, CjTRIM39.2 and CjBTN2 – in the TRIM subregion that may be useful for the functional analysis of the MHC‐Coja region. We examined MHC‐Coja sequences from 321 individual quails sampled from 11 inbred strains, and we found eight alleles for each of the three genes – CjHEP21, CjTRIM39.2 and CjBTN2. These polymorphisms represent the first avian DNA markers in the TRIM subregion. Additionally, we discovered a quail‐specific VNTR (variable number of long tandem repeats, 133–137 bp) in intron 7 of CjBTN2. We identified 25 haplotypes in the sample of 321 quail; these haplotypes comprised combinations of all 24 alleles of the three polymorphic genes. We suggest that there are two recombination hotspots, one between each pair of adjacent loci. All strains, except AMRP, contained multiple haplotypes; the AMRP strain contained a single, apparently fixed haplotype.
Physiological and morphological traits associated with adaptation of lucerne (Medicago sativa) to severely drought‐stressed and to irrigated environments
Authors: Annicchiarico P. , Pecetti L. , Tava A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAdaptation to severe drought and to irrigated cropping can both contribute to increased water use efficiency of lucerne, but knowledge on the relevant adaptive traits is limited. Five cultivars featuring contrasting adaptive responses for 3‐year forage yield across 10 agricultural environments of the western Mediterranean basin were currently studied, to identify physiological and morphological traits associated with specific and wide‐adaptation responses. The landraces Mamuntanas, Demnat 203 and Erfoud 1, and the varieties SARDI 10 and Prosementi, were grown in replicated metal containers (55 cm long × 12 cm wide × 75 cm deep; 21 plants per container) under irrigation (weekly restoring soil field capacity) and under moderate and severe drought stress (implying decreased irrigation for 30 days followed by withheld irrigation for 33 and 58 days, respectively). Cultivar post‐stress survival reflected the known cultivar adaptation to drought‐prone agricultural environments. Demnat 203, specifically adapted to irrigated, frequently mown environments, displayed higher amounts of starch, soluble proteins and total nitrogen in the crown and the root under irrigation. This was due to outstanding organ size and, for starch, higher concentrations. Mamuntanas, specifically adapted to drought‐prone environments, exhibited high water‐soluble carbohydrate concentration in storage organs under severe stress, along with a water‐conservation strategy implying less water used in initial drought‐stress phases due to limited early root development that resulted in more water available under severe stress. Drought‐tolerant germplasm also displayed lower wilting under early stress, more plants with green tissues under severe stress, and more stems per plant in stress or favourable conditions. Multivariate patterns of cultivar variation for physiological and morphological traits were strictly associated with cultivar variation for adaptation pattern. Our results highlighted the difficulty to combine some traits of environment‐specific adaptive value into a unique widely adapted variety, supporting the selection of varieties specifically adapted to irrigated or severely drought‐prone environments.
The impact of oral health literacy on periodontal health status
Authors: Wehmeyer Meggan M. H. , Corwin Caleb L. , Guthmiller Janet M. , Lee Jessica Y. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe oral health literacy (OHL) among periodontal patients and to examine its association with periodontal health status.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included new and referred patients presenting to the University of North Carolina Graduate Periodontology Clinic. Sociodemographic and dental history information were collected. OHL was measured using a dental word recognition instrument, Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy‐30 (REALD‐30). Clinical periodontal examinations were completed.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐eight participants enrolled and 121 completed all study examinations and instruments. Despite a high level of education among participants in our study, low levels of OHL were found in one‐third (33 percent) of the study population. Thirty‐one percent had moderate OHL (score of 22‐25), 37 percent had high OHL (score ≥ 26). The mean REALD‐30 score was 23. Fifty‐three percent of participants had severe periodontitis, 29 percent had moderate periodontitis, and 18 percent had mild or no periodontitis. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between OHL and periodontal status (P < 0.05). The effect of OHL on periodontal health status remained statistically significant (P < 0.002) even after controlling for smoking, race, and dental insurance.ConclusionLower OHL was associated with more severe periodontal disease among new and referred patients presenting to the University of North Carolina Graduate Periodontology Clinics.
Fibrosis score consisting of four serum markers successfully predicts pathological fibrotic stages of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Ikeda Kenji , Izumi Namiki , Tanaka Eiji , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Takahashi Yoshihisa , Fukushima Junichi , Kondo Fukuo , Fukusato Toshio , Koike Kazuhiko , Hayashi Norio , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: November 2012

AimIn order to evaluate and judge a fibrotic stage of patients with chronic hepatitis B, multivariate regression analysis was performed using multiple fibrosis markers.MethodA total of 227 patients from seven hepatology units and institutes were diagnosed by needle biopsy as having chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis B virus. Twenty‐three variables and their natural logarithmic transformation were employed in the multivariate analysis. Multiple regression function was generated from data of 158 patients in one hospital, and validation was performed using the other data of 69 patients from six other hospitals.ResultsAfter stepwise variable selection, multivariate regression analysis finally obtained the following function: z = 1.40 × ln (type IV collagen 7S) (ng/mL) − 0.017 × (platelet count) (×10003/mm3) + 1.24 × ln (tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐2) (ng/mL) + 1.19 × ln (α‐2‐macroglobulin) (mg/dL) − 9.15. Median values of fibrosis scores of F1 (n = 73), F2 (n = 42), F3 (n = 31) and F4 stages (n = 12) were calculated as 0.95, 2.07, 2.98 and 3.63, respectively. Multiple regression coefficient and coefficient of determination were 0.646 and 0.418, respectively. Validation with patient data from other institutions demonstrated good reproducibility of fibrosis score for hepatitis B (FSB), showing 1.33 in F1 (n = 27), 2.20 in F2 (n = 20), 3.11 in F3 (n = 20) and 5.30 in F4 (n = 2), respectively.ConclusionA concise multiple regression function using four laboratory parameters successfully predicted pathological fibrosis stage of patients with hepatitis B virus infection.
To Be Shipibo Nowadays: The Shipibo‐Konibo Youth Organizations as a Strategy for Dealing with Cultural Change in the Peruvian Amazon Region
Authors: Espinosa Oscar 
Published: November 2012

ResumenMuchas sociedades indigenas están preocupadas por su futuro. Las personas mayores no saben cómo las nuevas generaciones van a continuar viviendo y transmitiendo su herencia y se critica a la juventud por cambiar u olvidar las tradiciones. En el caso Shipibo‐Konibo, los mayores creen que a los jóvenes solo les interesa vivir en la ciudad y olvidar sus raíces. Sin embargo, no todos piensan así necesariamente. Hay muchas formas de ser Shipibo y de expresar la identidad shipiba. Este artículo discute cómo los valores culturales y morales ayudan a la juventud shipiba a enfrentar los nuevos desafíos de esta época. Asimismo, cómo las organizaciones juveniles shipibas constituyen una forma de lidiar con los dilemas que los y las jóvenes shipibas enfrentan. La pregunta central no es “ser o no ser Shipibo”, sino qué significa ser joven shipibo ahora, en nuevos contextos sociales y culturales.
Validation of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of feline serum insulin
Authors: Strage Emma M. , Holst Bodil Ström , Nilsson Göran , Jones Bernt , Lilliehöök Inger 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundFeline insulin has been measured previously using assays developed for measuring human insulin. As feline insulin differs from human insulin, it is important to validate the assay before use.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to validate anELISA, the Mercodia Feline InsulinELISA, intended for measuring feline insulin and to determine the stability of feline insulin in serum.MethodsValidation of theELISA, which uses monoclonal antibodies that recognize both human and feline insulin, included evaluation of coefficients of variation (CVs), patterns of variation, and consistency after dilution and spiking with feline insulin. Stability was evaluated by measuring insulin in feline serum samples stored at 20°C, 2–8°C, and −80°C.ResultsThe intra‐assayCVin 14–20 adjacent replicates (excluding position effects) was 2.0–4.2% and the inter‐assayCVwas 7.6–14%. The systematic and random position effect yielded aCVof 6.2–10%. When 3 feline serum samples were set at fixed positions and analyzed on 8 plates, microplate effects and interaction were significant for all 3 samples. Recovery upon dilution and spiking was 78–105% and 86–126%, respectively. Feline serum insulin concentration was stable for 24 hours at 20°C, for 4 days at 2–8°C, and for 15 months at −80°C.ConclusionsThe Mercodia Feline InsulinELISAcan be used for measuring serum feline insulin. Recovery after spiking and dilution was acceptable. As in manyELISAs, intra‐assayCVfor adjacent replicates was low, whereas the position and between‐assayCVs were considerably higher.