bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections from Chinese and Japanese Physicians on Medical Disputes
Authors: Xu Hua , Ruan Yining , Okita Taketoshi , Tabata Masao , Kadooka Yasuhiro , Asai Atsushi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhysician–patient disputes are a major problem in healthcare. Physician–patient conflicts, workplace violence, and direct involvement in disputes have a significant negative impact on the well-being of physicians. China and Japan have similar cultures but differing healthcare systems. The present study aimed to examine and compare the experiences and perceptions of Chinese and Japanese physicians regarding medical disputes. Qualitative descriptive content analysis was performed for 18 cases from each country to assess the major issues involved in each case and their impact on the physicians. Common issues in medical disputes for both countries included monetary motives of patients and/or families, violence/threats from patients and/or families, the inability of patients and/or families to understand the risk of complications, and the uncertainties of medicine. The serious impact of medical disputes on the mental health and professionalism of physicians was also an issue shared by physicians of both countries. There were, however, differences in the magnitude and frequency of these issues between the two countries. Pre-existing distrust of physicians among patients and/or families was noted only by Chinese physicians, and insufficient information disclosure by physicians was noted only by Japanese physicians. In conclusion, there were similarities and differences between the two countries in the perceptions of physicians regarding medical disputes. Our analysis revealed differing healthcare situations due to cultural and institutional differences as well as universal problems intrinsic to medicine. Based on our results, we propose several key principles to improve the physician–patient relationship.
Intelligent path planning for civil infrastructure inspection with multi-rotor aerial vehicles
Authors: Nguyen Lanh V. , Le Trung H. , Torres Herrera Ignacio , Kwok Ngai M. , Ha Quang P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the development of algorithms for high-level control and intelligent path planning of multi-rotor aerial vehicles (MAVs) in the tasks of inspecting civil infrastructure. After revisiting the multicopter modeling, we describe the hierarchy of high-level control for MAVs and develop optimization algorithms for generating optimal paths and enabling automatic flight during inspection tasks, making use of the digital twin technology. A co-simulation framework is then established to simulate and evaluate inspection mission scenarios, integrating these essential components. Real-world examples from built infrastructure illustrate this concept. An advantage of this approach is its ability to rigorously test, validate, verify, and evaluate MAV operations under abnormal conditions without requiring physical implementation or field tests. This significantly reduces testing efforts throughout the development cycle, ensuring optimal cooperation, safety, smoothness, fault tolerance, and energy efficiency. The methodology is validated through simulations and real-world inspection of a monorail bridge.
Post-COVID-19 recovery and geriatric rehabilitation care: a European inter-country comparative study
Authors: van Tol Lisa S. , Lin Tiangao , Caljouw Monique A. A. , Cesari Matteo , Dockery Frances , Everink Irma H. J. , Francis Bahaa N. , Gordon Adam L. , Grund Stefan , Matchekhina Luba , Bazan L. Mónica Perez , Topinková Eva , Vassallo Mark A. , Achterberg Wilco P. , Haaksma Miriam L. ,   on behalf of the EU-COGER consortium
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
There is variation in organization of geriatric rehabilitation across Europe. The purpose of this study was to describe the selection criteria for referral to geriatric rehabilitation, care provided, and recovery trajectories of post-COVID-19 patients referred to geriatric rehabilitation in Europe.

Methods
This observational cohort study included 723 patients in 59 care facilities for geriatric rehabilitation across 10 countries. Patient data were collected from medical records on admission to geriatric rehabilitation (between September 2020 and October 2021), discharge, 6 weeks and 6 months follow-up. The primary and secondary outcomes were recovery in daily functioning (Barthel Index) and Quality of Life (EQ-5D-5L) from admission to discharge. These were examined using linear mixed models with two levels (measurements nested in patients) and country as an independent variable. Random intercept and random linear slope parameters were added when they improved model fit. A survey about organization of geriatric rehabilitation for post-COVID-19 patients was filled out by country coordinators and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inductive coding of answers to open questions.

Results
Patients had a mean age of 75.7 years old and 52.4% were male. Many countries used various combinations of the selection criteria, such as functional status, age, frailty, Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, comorbidities, and cognitive impairments. Most patients received physiotherapy (88.8%) and occupational therapy (69.7%), but there was substantial variance between countries in the percentages of patients that received protein or calorie enriched diets, oxygen therapy, and other treatment components. In all countries, patients showed recovery in daily functioning and quality of life, although there was variation in between countries in rate of recovery. Daily functioning seemed to increase most rapidly in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Russia. The steepest increases in quality of life were seen in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Spain.

Conclusion
Post-COVID-19 patients showed recovery during geriatric rehabilitation, albeit at variable rates. The observed variation may be explained by the heterogeneity in selection criteria and care provided. This study highlights the need for harmonization of measurements in geriatric rehabilitation order to perform explanatory research and optimize geriatric rehabilitation throughout Europe to ensure optimal patient recovery.
Seed Priming Boosts Plant Growth, Yield Attributes, Seed Chemical and Antioxidant Composition in Lentil under Low-Phosphorus Field Conditions
Authors: Ceritoglu Mustafa , Erman Murat , Çığ Fatih 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough legumes can meet nitrogen requirements via symbiotic nitrogen fixation, they must acquire phosphorus from the rhizosphere through their roots. Additionally, the fixation of phosphorus with various cations in soils reduces its availability, thereby decreasing its effectiveness and increasing production costs. This study was conducted during the 2021-22 and 2022-23 growing seasons to investigate the effects of seed pre-treatment (priming) and phosphorus doses on plant growth, yield attributes, and seed chemical composition in lentil at Siirt, Türkiye. Six seed priming treatments and four phosphorus doses were used in the study. The research was laid out in split-plot randomized complete block design with four replications. According to the results, phosphorus fertilizer increased seed yield, but there was no statistical difference between 15 and 60 kg P2O5 ha− 1. Seed priming had a synergistic effect, allowing for higher seed yield when combined with phosphorus fertilizer, especially silicon priming resulting in high seed yield even at low phosphorus fertilizer doses. This result also indicated that seed priming improved phosphorus efficiency. The highest seed yield and net income were obtained by 6 kg P2O5 ha− 1 with silicon priming treatment. Moreover, seed priming with salicylic acid, beneficial bacteria and silicon boosted growth and yield attributes, and seed chemical composition. Silicon priming increased the total antioxidant content in seeds while salicylic acid priming provided opportunities for both the increase of total antioxidants and phenolics. In conclusion, seed priming is an easy-to-implement and economical method for reducing phosphorus fertilizer and an effective way for higher profitability in lentil cultivation.
The impact of manganese on vascular endothelium
Authors: Oliveira-Paula Gustavo H. , Martins Airton C. , Ferrer Beatriz , Tinkov Alexey A. , Skalny Anatoly V. , Aschner Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractManganese (Mn) is an essential trace element involved in various physiological processes, but excessive exposure may lead to toxicity. The vascular endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells within blood vessels, is a primary target of Mn toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of Mn on vascular endothelium, focusing on both peripheral and brain endothelial cells. In vitro studies have demonstrated that high concentrations of Mn can induce endothelial cell cytotoxicity, increase permeability, and disrupt cell–cell junctions through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and activation of signaling pathways, such as Smad2/3-Snail. Conversely, low concentrations of Mn may protect endothelial cells from the deleterious effects of high glucose and advanced glycation end-products. In the central nervous system, Mn can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and accumulate in the brain parenchyma, leading to neurotoxicity. Several transport mechanisms, including ZIP8, ZIP14, and SPCA1, have been identified for Mn uptake by brain endothelial cells. Mn exposure can impair BBB integrity by disrupting tight junctions and increasing permeability. In vivo studies have corroborated these findings, highlighting the importance of endothelial barriers in mediating Mn toxicity in the brain and kidneys. Maintaining optimal Mn homeostasis is crucial for preserving endothelial function, and further research is needed to develop targeted therapeutic strategies to prevent or mitigate the adverse effects of Mn overexposure.
Graphical Abstract
Diverse biological communities promote SOM molecular diversity and compositional transformations during natural fallow stage in paddy fields
Authors: Gao Guozhen , Li Pengfa , Liu Ming , Cui Jian , Wu Meng , Li Zhongpei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMonoculture cultivation patterns in agro-ecosystems only provide less varied soil organic matter (SOM) molecules of plant origin. Whether and how the natural fallow stage between cultivation seasons facilitates the restoration of SOM molecular diversity and mitigates the adverse impacts of constant cropping pattern is elusive. Here, we utilized FT-ICR-MS, UHPLC-MS/MS, and high-throughput sequencing to investigate the biological change processes in SOM molecular composition under cultivation and fallow status in a long-farmed paddy field. Our study showed that SOM molecular diversity increased by 45.70%–85.36% in fallow stage compared to rice cultivation season. SOM molecular diversity was positively correlated with bacterial diversity and root exudate molecular diversity, and negatively correlated with fungal diversity. Notably, root exudate molecular diversity accounted for 48.48% of the variation in SOM molecular diversity. The increased SOM molecular diversity in fallow stage was attributed more to the diverse plant-produced molecules than the microbe-consumed molecules. Plant species turnover resulted in the conversion of root exudate components to Organoheterocyclic compounds and Organic acids/derivatives from rice planting stage to fallow stage. Recruited microbes were dominated by Basidiomycita, Ascomycota, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria, resulting in the transformation from carbohydrates, lipid-like SOM molecules to lipid-like and lignin-like SOM molecules. Both field and microcosm experiments confirmed that root exudates are the main source of SOM molecules, and are influenced by the soil microbial community. This study provides solid evidence that fallow status in agro-ecosystems provides explosion of biodiversity and counteracts the negative effects of long-term monoculture cultivation on SOM diversity.
Graphical Abstract
Advancements and applications of lightweight structures: a comprehensive review
Authors: Hassan Hogr Z. , Saeed Najmadeen M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLightweight structures comprise of actual pieces or segments that give the crucial ability to function while weighing less than other possibilities as well. The aerospace industry invented this particular branch of expertise, which is sometimes referred to as lightweight engineering or lightweight construction. This paper focuses on how lightweight structures are developed and applied in the field of structural engineering which is essential to achieving the high standards and breakthroughs of modern science. Comparison is made depending on different types of lightweight materials such as titanium alloys, shape memory alloys, magnesium, aluminum alloys, and wood composites, benefits, and applications of each type of material are discussed. Recent technologies and innovations in the field of lightweight design are performed including deployable and morphing structures, 3D printing, embedded sensors and actuators, and advanced joining technologies. Moreover, research is also being done on these structure types of evolution, uses, and significance, as well as their design techniques and innovations. Truss, tensegrity, pantographic, cable, origami, and sandwich structures are identified by explaining their properties and working mechanisms. The usage of several lightweight structures in the fields of aerospace, robotics, civil engineering, architecture, automotive, and biomedicine is examined in this paper. Additionally, the comparison is made between the application of tensegrity, truss, pantographic, and sandwich structures in aircraft applications in detail, while the importance of shape morphing and deploying of pantographic and origami structures is explained in the field of aerospace and robotics. In addition, different types of bridge structures and architecture are mentioned according to applications of suspension cables, stayed cables truss structures, and tensegrity techniques. Furthermore, the paper covers the improvement of computational and numerical techniques in the analysis and design of lightweight structures including the force method, dynamic relaxation method, and finite element method (FEM), trends in optimization techniques and their applications are included mentioned sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and interior point optimization, with applications on different types of lightweight structures. Also, perspectives and future directions of lightweight design through sustainability and smart construction are taken into account, importance of lightweight design in the form of environment and innovation is clearly supported.
Combustion characteristics of sustainable aviation fuels in a scaled-down afterburner test rig
Authors: Bae J. , Chaudhuri S. , Canteenwalla P. , Yun S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the combustion characteristics (lean blowoff (LBO), flashback, and combustion instability) of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) using a two-staged combustor arranged in tandem. The combustor consists of a first (main) burner with an axial swirler and a second burner (afterburner) with a V-gutter bluff-body. The main burner utilises a constant flow rate of CH4/Air as reactants, while the afterburner operates on the combustion product from the first burner, additional dilution air, and one of the six liquid test fuels (Jet-A, A-2, C-1, C-5, C-9, and JP-8/HRJ) as reactants. When test fuels with higher derived cetane number (DCN) are used in the afterburner, it is observed that LBO occurs at lower afterburner global equivalence ratios (
${\phi _{af}}$
). This is due to the smaller chemical time scale of those test fuels, which enables the flame to be sustained under higher flow speeds. This is consistent with the results of previous studies. Additionally, this study shows that flashback also occurs at lower equivalence ratio for test fuels with higher DCN. This is a new finding and can be explained in a similar way to LBO. As the operating conditions approach the LBO or exceed flashback limits, the reactivity of shear layer also decreases, creating favourable conditions for them to occur. Moreover, for test fuels with low DCN (C-1 and C-5), blowoff occurs instead of flashback as
${\phi _{af}}$
increases. This can be attributed to the stronger pressure perturbation resulting from combustion instability in these flames compared to others. It demonstrates a stronger correlation between the pressure perturbation and the heat release rate fluctuation for C-1 and C-5 than that of other test fuels at the same equivalence ratio. In conclusion, it was found that test fuels with higher DCN have advantages in terms of LBO and stability, however, they are more prone to flashback.
A fast phase calibration method for a liquid crystal microwave phased array antenna assisted by neural network
Authors: Yan Qianying , Huang Yanwei , Zhang Wenzhao , Hou Xin , Zhang Mengqing , Wang Xiangru , Liang Feng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLiquid crystal microwave phased arrays (LC-MPAs) are regarded as an ideal approach to realize compact antennas owing to their advantages in cost, size, weight, and power consumption. However, the shortcoming in low radiation deflection efficiency has been one of LC-MPAs’ main application limitations. To optimize the steering performance of LC-MPAs, it is essential to model the channel imperfections and compensate for the phase errors. In this paper, a phase error estimation model is built by training a neural network to establish a nonlinear relationship between the near-field phase error and the far-field pattern, hence realizing fast calibration for LC-MPAs within several measured patterns. Simulations and experiments on a 64-channel, two-dimensional planar antenna were conducted to validate this method. The results show that this method offers precise phase error estimations of 3.58° on average, realizes a fast calibration process with several field-measured radiation patterns, and improves the performances of the LC-MPA by approximately 4%–10% in deflection efficiency at different steering angles.
Assessing Paleosecular Variation Averaging and Correcting Paleomagnetic Inclination Shallowing
Authors: Tauxe L. , Heslop D. , Gilder S. A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses one of the critical questions of scientific inquiry: How do we know when a given data set is representative of the phenomenon being examined? For paleomagnetists, the question is often whether a particular data set sufficiently averaged paleosecular variation (PSV). To this aim, we updated an existing PSV data set that now comprises 2,441 site mean directions from 94 individual studies (PSV10‐24). Minimal filtering for data quality resulted in 1,619 sites from 90 publications. Fitting PSV10‐24 with two newly defined parameters as well as two existing ones form the basis of a Giant Gaussian Process field model (THG24) consistent with the data. Drawing directions from THG24 yields directional distributions predicted for a given latitude allowing a comparison between empirical distributions and the cumulative distribution function generated by the model. This tests whether the observed data adequately averaged out PSV according to THG24. We applied these tests to five data sets from Large Igneous Provinces from the last billion years and find that they are consistent with the THG24 model as well. Sedimentary data sets that may have experienced inclination shallowing can be corrected using an (un)flattening factor that yields directions satisfying THG24 in a newly‐defined, four‐parameter space. This approach builds on the Elongation‐Inclination (E/I) method of Tauxe and Kent (2004), https://doi.org/10.1029/145gm08, so the approach introduced here is called SVEI. We show examples of the use of SVEI and explain how to use this newly developed Python code that is publicly available in the PmagPy GitHub repository.
Clinical application of whole-genome sequencing of solid tumors for precision oncology
Authors: Kim Ryul , Kim Seokhwi , Oh Brian Baek-Lok , Yu Woo Sik , Kim Chang Woo , Hur Hoon , Son Sang-Yong , Yang Min Jae , Cho Dae Sung , Ha Taeyang , Heo Subin , Jang Jeon Yeob , Yun Jae Sung , Kwack Kyu-Sung , Kim Jai Keun , Huh Jimi , Lim Sun Gyo , Han Sang-Uk , Lee Hyun Woo , Park Ji Eun , Kim Chul-Ho , Roh Jin , Koh Young Wha , Lee Dakeun , Kim Jang-Hee , Lee Gil Ho , Noh Choong-Kyun , Jung Yun Jung , Park Ji Won , Sheen Seungsoo , Ahn Mi Sun , Choi Yong Won , Kim Tae-Hwan , Kang Seok Yun , Choi Jin-Hyuk , Baek Soo Yeon , Lee Kee Myung , Il Kim Sun , Noh Sung Hyun , Kim Se-Hyuk , Hwang Hyemin , Joo Eunjung , Lee Shinjung , Shin Jong-Yeon , Yun Ji-Young , Park Junggil , Yi Kijong , Kwon Youngoh , Lee Won-Chul , Park Hansol , Lim Joonoh , Yi Boram , Koo Jaemo , Koh June-Young , Lee Sangmoon , Lee Yuna , Lee Bo-Rahm , Connolly-Strong Erin , Ju Young Seok , Kwon Minsuk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenomic alterations in tumors play a pivotal role in determining their clinical trajectory and responsiveness to treatment. Targeted panel sequencing (TPS) has served as a key clinical tool over the past decade, but advancements in sequencing costs and bioinformatics have now made whole-genome sequencing (WGS) a feasible single-assay approach for almost all cancer genomes in clinical settings. This paper reports on the findings of a prospective, single-center study exploring the real-world clinical utility of WGS (tumor and matched normal tissues) and has two primary objectives: (1) assessing actionability for therapeutic options and (2) providing clarity for clinical questions. Of the 120 patients with various solid cancers who were enrolled, 95 (79%) successfully received genomic reports within a median of 11 working days from sampling to reporting. Analysis of these 95 WGS reports revealed that 72% (68/95) yielded clinically relevant insights, with 69% (55/79) pertaining to therapeutic actionability and 81% (13/16) pertaining to clinical clarity. These benefits include the selection of informed therapeutics and/or active clinical trials based on the identification of driver mutations, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and mutational signatures, pathogenic germline variants that warrant genetic counseling, and information helpful for inferring cancer origin. Our findings highlight the potential of WGS as a comprehensive tool in precision oncology and suggests that it should be integrated into routine clinical practice to provide a complete image of the genomic landscape to enable tailored cancer management.