bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and socio‐demographic factors associated with diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalization in adults with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Butalia S. , Johnson J. A. , Ghali W. A. , Rabi D. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo identify the clinical and socio‐demographic factors associated with hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with Type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe combined clinical and administrative health data from a large urban diabetes clinic to perform a data linkage study. We identified adults (aged ≥ 18 years old) with Type 1 diabetes and linked to hospital discharge abstracts to assess for diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalization. The study period was between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2009, with all individuals living in the same geographic area. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify potential predictors of diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalization.ResultsWe identified 255 individuals with a diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalization and 1739 without a diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalization. Mean (standard deviation) age was 40.0 (15.8) years, 51.7% were men and mean duration of diabetes was 17.8 (12.9) years. Diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalization was associated with shorter duration of diabetes (odds ratio 0.96 per year; 95% confidence interval 0.95–0.98), gastroparesis (odds ratio 4.13; 95% confidence interval 1.82–9.35), psychiatric diagnosis (odds ratio 1.98; 95% confidence interval 1.22–3.19), and higher HbA1c (odds ratio 1.25 per 1% increase; 95% confidence interval 1.16–1.35).ConclusionsThis study identifies specific clinical factors associated with diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalization in adults with Type 1 diabetes. This information can help to inform the detection of high‐risk patients, for whom special attention and interventions may be warranted to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis.
Real‐world factors affecting adherence to insulin therapy in patients with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Authors: Davies M. J. , Gagliardino J. J. , Gray L. J. , Khunti K. , Mohan V. , Hughes R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsTo identify real‐world factors affecting adherence to insulin therapy in patients with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE in November 2011 to identify studies reporting factors associated with adherence/non‐adherence to insulin therapy in adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes.ResultsSeventeen studies were identified; six used self‐reported measures and 11 used calculated measures of adherence. Most (13/17) were conducted exclusively in the USA. Four categories of factors associated with non‐adherence were identified: predictive factors for non‐adherence, patient‐perceived barriers to adherence, type of delivery device and cost of medication. For predictive factors and patient‐perceived barriers, only age, female sex and travelling were associated with non‐adherence in more than one study. Fear of injections and embarrassment of injecting in public were also cited as reasons for non‐adherence. Conversely, adherence was improved by initiating therapy with, or switching to, a pen device (in four studies), and by changing to an insurance scheme that lowered the financial burden on patients (in two studies).ConclusionsAdherence to insulin therapy is generally poor. Few factors or patient‐perceived barriers were consistently identified as predictive for non‐adherence, although findings collectively suggest that a more flexible regimen may improve adherence. Switching to a pen device and reducing patient co‐payments appear to improve adherence. Further real‐world studies are warranted, especially in countries other than the USA, to identify factors associated with non‐adherence and enable development of strategies to improve adherence to insulin therapy.
Examining the Behaviour subscale of the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey: an international study
Authors: Gonder‐Frederick L. A. , Vajda K. A. , Schmidt K. M. , Cox D. J. , DeVries J. H. , Erol O. , Kanc K. , Schächinger H. , Snoek F. J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsThe Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS)‐II Behaviour and Worry subscales were developed to measure behaviours and anxiety related to hypoglycaemia in diabetes. However, previous studies found lower reliability in the HFS Behaviour subscale and inconsistent relationships with glucose control. The purpose of this study was to conduct extensive analyses of the internal structure of the HFS Behaviour subscale's internal structure and its relationships with diabetes outcomes, including HbA1c and episodes of severe hypoglycaemia.MethodsHFS‐II survey data from 1460 adults with Type 1 diabetes were collected from five countries. This aggregated sample underwent exploratory factor analysis and item analysis to determine the internal structure of the survey and subscales.ResultsA three‐factor solution showed the best fit for the HFS, with two subscales emerging from the HFS Behaviour representing tendencies towards (1) maintenance of high blood glucose and (2) avoidance of hypoglycaemic risks by other behaviours, and a third single HFS Worry subscale. Subscale item analysis showed excellent fit, separation and good point–measure correlations. All subscales demonstrated acceptable (0.75) to excellent (0.94) internal reliability. HbA1c correlated with Maintain High Blood Glucose subscale scores, r = 0.14, P < 0.001, and severe hypoglycaemia frequency correlated with all subscales.ConclusionsThe HFS Worry subscale measures one construct of anxiety about various aspects of hypoglycaemia. In contrast, the HFS Behaviour subscale appears to measure two distinct aspects of behavioural avoidance to prevent hypoglycaemia, actions which maintain high blood glucose and other behaviours to avoid hypoglycaemic risk. These results demonstrate the clinical importance of the HFS Behaviour subscales and their differential relationships with measures of diabetes outcome such as HbA1c.
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor gemigliptin compared with sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone
Authors: Rhee E. J. , Lee W. Y. , Min K. W. , Shivane V. K. , Sosale A. R. , Jang H. C. , Chung C. H. , Nam‐Goong I. S. , Kim J. A. , Kim S. W. ,   Gemigliptin Study 006 Group
Published: January 2013

AimsThis study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, gemigliptin versus sitagliptin added to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe conducted a double‐blind, randomized, active‐controlled trial in 425 Asian patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes being treated with metformin alone. Eligible patients were randomized into three groups: 50 mg gemigliptin qd, 25 mg gemigliptin bid or sitagliptin 100 mg qd added to ongoing metformin treatment for 24 weeks. Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured periodically, and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at baseline and 24 weeks after starting the treatment regimen.ResultsTwenty‐four weeks later, adding gemigliptin (50 mg/day) to ongoing metformin therapy significantly improved glycaemic control. Reduction in HbA1c caused by 50 mg gemigliptin qd (−0.77% ± 0.8) was non‐inferior to that caused by 100 mg sitagliptin qd (−0.8% ± 0.85). Proportion of patients achieving HbA1c <7% while taking 25 mg gemigliptin bid (50%) or 50 mg gemigliptin qd (54.07%) was comparable to the results with 100 mg sitagliptin qd (48.87%). There were significant decreases in FPG, postprandial glucose and AUC0–2 h glucose, as well as increases in GLP‐1 and β cell sensitivity to glucose (supported by homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function, postprandial 2‐h c‐peptide and insulinogenic index) in patients receiving gemigliptin treatment with their metformin therapy. There was no increased risk of adverse effects with this dose of gemigliptin compared with sitagliptin 100 mg qd.ConclusionsAddition of gemigliptin 50 mg daily to metformin was shown to be efficacious, well tolerated and non‐inferior to sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a report from the Societe Francaise de Greffe de Moelle et de Therapie Cellulaire
Authors: Park Sophie , Labopin Myriam , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Delaunay Jacques , Dhedin Nathalie , Deconinck Eric , Michallet Mauricette , Robin Marie , De Revel Thierry , Bernard Marc , Vey Norbert , Lioure Bruno , Lapusan Simona , Tabrizi Reza , Bourhis Jean‐Henri , Huynh Anne , Beguin Yves , Socié Gérard , Dreyfus François , Fenaux Pierre , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectives and methodsChronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a severe disease for which allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) remains the only potentially curative treatment. We describe a retrospective study determining prognostic factors for outcome after allo‐SCT in consecutive 73 patients with CMML reported to the SFGM‐TC registry between 1992 and 2009.ResultsAt diagnosis, median age was 53 yrs, and 36% patients had palpable splenomegaly (SPM). 48, 13, and 9 patients had good, intermediate, and poor risk karyotype, respectively, according to IPSS, 61% patients had CMML‐1, and 39% had CMML‐2. 41/31/1 cases had an HLA‐identical sibling, an unrelated and haploidentical donor, respectively. 43 patients received reduced‐intensity conditioning. With a median follow‐up of 23 month, acute grade 2–4 and chronic GVHD developed in 21 and 25 patients, respectively. The 3‐year OS, NRM (non‐relapse mortality),EFS, and CIR (cumulative incidence of relapse) were 32%, 36%, 29% and 35%, respectively. OS was not influenced by the CR status, marrow blasts% at allo‐SCT, prior treatments, and cGVHD. Using multivariate analysis, year of transplant < 2004 (YOT) (P = 0.005) was associated with higher NRM, YOT < 2004 (P = 0.04) and SPM at allo‐SCT (P = 0.02) with lower EFS, and YOT < 2004 (P = 0.03) and SPM at allo‐SCT (P = 0.04) with poorer OS.ConclusionsAllogeneic stem cell transplantation is a valid treatment option for patients with CMML, and its outcome has improved with YOT > 2004. Splenomegaly seems to be a negative factor of OS and EFS in this series.
Antagonism of the dopamine D1‐like receptor in mesocorticolimbic nuclei attenuates acute food deprivation‐induced reinstatement of heroin seeking in rats
Authors: Tobin Stephanie , Sedki Firas , Abbas Zarish , Shalev Uri 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) plays a critical role in both priming‐and cue‐induced reinstatement of extinguished drug‐seeking behavior, but its role in stress‐induced reinstatement is less clear. Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that systemic administration of the DA D1‐like receptor antagonist, SCH 23390, attenuates acute food deprivation (FD) stress‐induced reinstatement. The current study was designed to elucidate the brain regions critical to the effect of SCH 23390 on FD stress‐induced reinstatement. Rats were trained to press a lever to self‐administer heroin (0.1 mg/kg/inf) over a period of 10 days. Following training, heroin was removed leading to an extinction of lever pressing. Next, rats were tested for reinstatement twice, under extinction conditions: once following 21–48 h FD; and once under sated conditions. Prior to testing, SCH 23390 was administered into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 μg/side), NAc core (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 μg/side), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC; 0.0, 0.2, 2.0 μg/side), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC; 0.0, 2.0 μg/side) or basolateral amygdala (BLA; 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 μg/side). An attenuation of FD‐induced reinstatement of heroin seeking was seen in rats injected with SCH 23390 into the NAc shell, dmPFC or BLA, but not into the NAc core or the vmPFC. These findings support the hypothesis that DA transmission through the DA D1‐like receptors plays a critical role in stress‐induced reinstatement of heroin seeking.
Obesity and impaired cognitive functioning in the elderly: a population‐based cross‐sectional study (NEDICES)
Authors: Benito‐León J. , Mitchell A. J. , Hernández‐Gallego J. , Bermejo‐Pareja F. 
Published: January 2013

Background and purposeStudies of high body mass index (BMI) and cognition in the elderly have shown conflicting results. While some studies have shown a detrimental effect of high BMI on cognitive function, others have observed beneficial effects on cognition. Our aim was to assess cognitive function in a large population‐based sample of overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) community‐dwelling elderly participants compared with their counterparts with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (i.e. controls) living in the same population.MethodsOne‐thousand nine‐hundred and forty‐nine population‐dwelling participants aged ≥ 65 years in central Spain [the Neurological Diseases in Central Spain study (NEDICES)] underwent a neuropsychological assessment, including tests of global cognitive performance [measured with a 37‐item version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (37‐MMSE)], psychomotor speed, verbal fluency, memory and pre‐morbid intelligence.ResultsThere were 507 with BMI < 25 kg/m2, 850 overweight and 592 obese participants. In regression analyses that adjusted for age, gender, educational category, intake of medications that potentially affect cognition function, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dementia, ever smoker, ever drinker and waist circumference, we found that obese/overweight status was associated with the lowest quartiles of the 37‐MMSE, Trail Making Test‐A (number of errors; indeed more errors), verbal fluency, delayed free recall, immediate logical memory and pre‐morbid intelligence.ConclusionsIn this large population sample, overweight and obese participants performed poorer on formal neuropsychological tests than their counterparts with BMI < 25 kg/m2. These results support the hypothesis of a detrimental effect of high BMI on impaired cognition in the elderly.
Declining trend of carbon in Finnish cropland soils in 1974–2009
Authors: Heikkinen Jaakko , Ketoja Elise , Nuutinen Visa , Regina Kristiina 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSoil organic matter not only affects soil properties and productivity but also has an essential role in global carbon (C) cycle. We studied changes in the topsoil C content of Finnish croplands using a dataset produced in nationwide soil monitoring. The monitoring network consisting of fields on both mineral and organic soils was established in 1974 and resampled in 1987, 1998, and 2009. Over the monitoring period from 1974 to 2009, cultivated soils showed a continuous decline in C concentration (g kg−1). In organic soils, C concentration decreased at a mean rate of 0.2–0.3% yr−1 relative to the existing C concentration. In mineral soils, the relative decrease was 0.4% yr−1 corresponding to a C stock (kg m−2) loss of 220 kg ha−1 yr−1. The change in management practices in last decades toward increasing cultivation of annual crops has contributed to soil C losses noted in this study. The results, however, suggest that the C losses result partly from other processes affecting cultivated soils such as climatic change or the continuing long‐term effect of forest clearance. We estimated that Finnish cropland soils store 161 Tg carbon nationwide in the topmost 15 cm of which 117 Tg is in mineral soils. C losses from mineral soils can therefore total up to 0.5 Tg yearly.
Student Geographies: Exploring the Diverse Geographies of Students and Higher Education
Authors: Holton Mark , Riley Mark 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn recent years a growing body of literature has emerged relating to what may be termed ‘student geographies’. In synthesising this literature pertinent to the geographies of higher education students, including their movements, [im]mobilities and identities, this paper seeks to achieve two objectives. First, to move beyond traditional geographical boundaries by incorporating important discussions from across the social sciences and second, to transcend inward/outward dichotomies in order to achieve a clearer understanding of the mobilities and concentrations of what is a complex and diverse social group. The paper explores the different scales which have been focussed on in this literature – from that on national and international student movements, through to those focussing on the more local geographies of students’ experiences of HEIs and their university location.
Disciplinary Engagements with Prisons, Prisoners and the Penal System
Authors: Turner Jennifer 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper reviews changing contemporary approaches to geographies of incarceration, the penal system, and the institution of the prison. Firstly, it suggests a propensity to position spaces of imprisonment within thematics of containment and exclusion, which removes from consideration the particular contextual issues of reform and rehabilitation. By highlighting emerging literature within and beyond the discipline, which focuses upon both the development of the prison as a purposeful form of punishment and the complex interlinkages between prison and society, I have noted geography’s tendency to concentrate upon political economy analyses, with other disciplines providing a different register of interest. This paper concludes by calling for intervention from the repertoire of cultural geography with such things as performance, media, embodiment and spectacle, to open up the political at a more ‘personal’ level.
Applying Geospatial Tools and Techniques to Viticulture
Authors: Mathews Adam J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractViticulture is the science of growing grapevines, in particular, those used in the production of wine grapes and wine. Although many different research areas exist within viticulture, the latest implement geospatial tools and techniques such as GIS, GPS, and remote sensing to better monitor the crop and therefore make better decisions regarding it. Geospatial techniques allow both researchers and vineyard managers to study the natural spatial variability that exists within and between vineyard blocks. This paper reviews three emerging subfields of geographic research in viticulture: site location and suitability analysis, vineyard land use identification, and precision viticulture. Future research directions and integration of additional geographic tools and techniques are also discussed.
“Non‐Representational Theory for the Uninitiated: Come JUMP with me!”
Authors: Somdahl‐Sands Katrinka 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe article/performance is a 13 minute performance/presentation/film investigating the role of the subject in nonrepresentational theory. The piece is a discussion of Non‐Representational Theory, identity and dance. In particular, it I describe how I, as a feminist/political geographer who writes about dance, (so I fell in with Non‐Representational Theory by association), came to understand what all the fuss was about with NRT by finally placing it in my own body, and also came to an accommodation between NRT as a theory and my own interest in feminist political praxis. The foundation of the work is a film commissioned by the author/performer of JUMP! by the BodyCartography Project for the SCUBA National Touring Network for Dance in Philadelphia March 2010. On top of this film, I narrate my experience in understanding what NRT is, how I figured out how an “I” could be a “trans‐identity”, and how that understanding can be used for political change. Because I am, in effect, speaking to my audience/reader I ask them to DO things as I speak to further their experiential understanding of NRT (which by its nature is experiential).
Master‐Planned Estates: Privatization, Socio‐Spatial Polarization and Community
Authors: Thompson Carolyn 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMaster‐planned estates are an increasingly proliferating phenomenon in urban development. These primarily residential estates have often been explored under the terms ‘gated community’, ‘planned community’ and ‘common interest development’, however the development of the term ‘master‐planned estate’ or MPE by Australian geographers has opened up the terminology describing this phenomenon to a variety of planned residential forms. Three key themes dominate the literature on MPEs: privatization, socio‐spatial polarization and community. Through assessing the research completed on MPEs to date, with specific attention to Australian research using this terminology, I explore these key themes, as well as oversights in the literature, particularly in the lack of research on inner‐city MPEs. I conclude that new‐build gentrification can offer a fruitful launching point to explore the development of inner‐city MPEs.
Anarchism and Geography: A Brief Genealogy of Anarchist Geographies
Authors: Springer Simon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAnarchism and geography have a long and disjointed history, characterized by towering peaks of intensive intellectual engagement and low troughs of ambivalence and disregard. This paper traces a genealogy of anarchist geographies back to the modern development of anarchism into a distinct political philosophy following the Enlightenment. The initial rise of geographers’ engagement with anarchism occurred at the end of the 19th‐century, owing to Élisée Reclus and Peter Kropotkin, who developed an emancipatory vision for geography in spite of the discipline’s enchantment with imperialism at that time. The realpolitik of the war years in the first half of the 20th‐century and the subsequent quantitative revolution in geography represent a nadir for anarchist geographies. Yet anarchism was never entirely abandoned by geographical thought and the counterculture movement of the 1970s gave rise to radical geography, which included significant interest in anarchist ideas. Unfortunately another low occurred during the surge of neoliberal politics in the 1980s and early 1990s, but hope springs eternal, and from the late 1990s onward the anti‐globalization movement and DIY culture have pushed anarchist geographies into more widespread currency. In reviewing the literature, I hope to alert readers to the ongoing and manifold potential for anarchist geographies to inform both geographical theory and importantly, to give rise to more practice‐based imperatives where building solidarities, embracing reciprocity, and engaging in mutual aid with actors and communities beyond the academy speaks to the ‘freedom of geography’ and its latent capacity to shatter its own disciplinary circumscriptions.