bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From effective accounting and reporting to efficient outsourcing
Authors: Meyr Daria 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This study aims to identify an effective management accounting and reporting concept for efficient outsourcing performance in sustainable organizations. Existing reporting norms of the “Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung (SAP)” platform, used in JSC "Russian Railways" (further Russian Railways) were analysed. Thereby, in the paper a method of the formation of internal management accounting and reporting on the costs of outsourcing were developed. Currently, the analysis of the reports and effectiveness of outsourcing is based on the technique comparison “costs on outsourcing should be less than the cost of own units”. Effective analysis should include not one, but several factors and be based on multi-criteria approach. The main influence on the variation of such determinants as cost, productivity and staff members outsourcing has when the volume of production and prices are constant. According to the features of railway transport enterprises, existing method has been completed with statistical. It shows how outsourcing changed the performance of the company and by what factors - the average cost, or productivity, or staffing or due to variations of all three factors simultaneously. Further, the results of quantitative data analysis will be used to identify an effective management accounting in sustainable organizations while supporting the development of outsourcing.
Investigation of an Electrostatic Discharge Protective Biodegradable Packaging Foam in the Logistic Chain
Authors: Mojzes Ákos , Tóth Barnabás , Csavajda Péter 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Since the beginning of the 20th century, logistics has undergone a huge technological development, which has, however, resulted in many negative effects as well. The industry, particularly in the packaging industry has been a massive waste producer, although recently it has forced the use of new materials and it started to focus on environmentally friendly technologies. During the transportation of finished and semi-finished Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) sensitive products, the product packaging system has a vital role. These kind of packaging materials must be suitable to both logistic (protection against mechanical and environmental stresses) and special ESD protection requirements. During the transportation of printed-circuit electronic products, ESD defense is then of primary significance. However there is a huge disadvantage for the use of various shield bags. Namely, this kind of associated packaging is particularly pollutant, it causes a lot of inconvenience in the form of waste. In order to rule out these materials from the packaging system, new innovative solutions have to be found. The investigated TPS (thermoplastic starch biodegradable foam) is subjected to a validation, a long process to certify that this material unites properties of two types of packaging materials at the same time. On the one hand, this packaging foam has to meet the requirements product defense. On the other hand, the material must be anti-static under the logistic stress effects. In case it is found suitable, it can be an alternative of the conventional materials. In this article, we investigate the ESD characteristic of TPS foam. As this material sensitive for environmental parameters during transportation, we make the relevant Surface Resistance (Rs) tests on different temperature and humidity conditions. Based on result, the decision of the application can be done, as an ESD packaging material.
Epileptic seizure propagation from the second somatic sensory area to the fronto-medial region, by insular redistribution. A case report and a connectome description
Authors: Balogh Attila , Halász Péter , Fabó Dániel , Erőss Lóránd 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARY
Introduction. The seizure propagation phenomenon by inducing remote symptoms brings several difficulties in finding the seizure onset and delineating the epileptic network which should be taken into consideration in epilepsy surgery. By demonstrating a difficult (MRI negative) epilepsy surgery case explored with invasive presurgical evaluation we highlight the importance to recognise the secondary sensory area and to explore the the parieto-opercular-insular-medial frontal network in certain cases. A further conclusion is the consideration of the redistributory role of the insula as a special structure in the cerebral connectome, having a role in epileptic network organisation.
Aims. To support the role of the insula in the organisation of an opercular – medial frontal epileptic network and to confirm Penfield’s the “second somatic sensory leg area” by way of a case report. We try to give an up to date exploration of our patient’s remote epileptic seizures by way of a connectome.
Methods. The epileptic disorder was studied with intensive video EEG monitoring and two times 3T MRI. Interictal FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) PET was also undertaken. Beside the scalp EEG and computerized frequency analysis, the evaluation was performed by invasive EEG with 2 grids and 2 strips and an insular deep electrode in addition. Electrical cortical stimulation and cortical mapping were also undertaken.
Results. The video-EEG study revealed the complex seizure semiology. The left sided global somatosesensory aura in the leg, followed supplementary motor area manifestations represented a remote seizure. The seizure onset zone and the symptomatogenic zone were localised by the invasive electrophysiology. With the insular deep electrode we succeeded to explore the propagation of ictal activity to the insula and later to frontal medial surface. The PET, the negative 3T MRI results and the postprocessing morphometry confirmed the lesional origin and localised the epileptogenic area to the second somato-sensory field where a dysgenesis was located.
Conclusions. By preoperative invasive video-EEG evaluation, the second somato-sensory leg area was delineated as the seizure onset zone. The resection of this area by IIb type cortical dysgenesis, resulted in a complete relief of the seizures. The invasive video-EEG revealed the peculiar role of the insula in the propagation of the epileptic seizure from the second sensory leg area to the ipsilateral fronto-medial supplemetary motor area. Our results, confirm, that the insula has a relay or node function on the parietal opercular-fronto-medial epileptic network. The connectome of the insula is a further additive of the scale-free features of the remote epileptic networks.
Variations in cognitive functioning in genetic generalized epilepsy: four case studies
Authors: Ballini Evangelina E. , Helmes Edward , Schefft Bruce K. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARY
Introduction. The traditional view of cognition in idiopathic or genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) is that “one size fits all” i.e. only very mild generalized impairment might be detected, if any. This paper describes four case studies of cognitive functioning in GGE patients with photosensitivity and reflexive seizures.
Aim. The aim was to discover whether each individual’s set of cognitive deficits varied in accordance with his/her other clinical phenomena such as photosensitivity and kinds of reflexive seizures.
Method. Neurological and cognitive performance was assessed by comprehensive evaluation of each patient based on interviews, neurologist’s EEG reports and neuropsychological tests. Assessment of cognitive domains included estimated pre-morbid I.Q. based on reading ability and demographic norms, current I.Q., attention factors, verbal memory, visual memory and executive functions.
Results. Clinical signs and investigative studies indicated that two cases typically began reflexive seizure episodes with facial myoclonia which evolved into tonic-clonic convulsions or generalized myoclonic seizures. These patients had widespread attention and working memory deficits, some severe, together with lowered intelligence scores. In contrast, two other cases (with no history of myoclonus) had generalized reflexive seizures originating in the occipital lobes, very mild localized visual dysfunction and high intelligence.
Conclusions. The systematic variation in extent and nature of cognitive dysfunction illustrated in these cases with reflexive seizures (preceded by myoclonia or visual phenomena) would be explained by a more recent conceptualization of GGE as encompassing regional differences in variable hyperexcitability located at cortical levels or functional neural networks.
The ILAE definition of drug resistant epilepsy and its clinical applicability compared with “older” established definitions
Authors: Rohracher Alexandra , Dobesberger Judith , Granbichler Claudia A. , Höfler Julia , Kuchukhidze Giorgi , Ortler Martin , Unterberger Iris , Walser Gerald , Thomschewski Aljoscha , Trinka Eugen 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARY
Background. Early identification of potential epilepsy surgery candidates is essential to the treatment process.
Aim. To evaluate the clinical applicability of the ILAE definition of drug resistant epilepsy and its potential in identifying surgical candidates earlier compared to three established “older” definitions of drug resistant epilepsy.
Material and Methods. Retrospective analysis of 174 patients who underwent epilepsy surgery between 1998 and 2009. Clinical factors and course of disease were extracted from patients' charts. Drug resistant epilepsy was classified according to four definitions and the time until fulfillment of criteria compared.
Results. Mean time to fulfillment of criteria of drug resistant epilepsy ranged from 11.8 (standard deviation (SD) 9.8) to 15.6 years (SD 11.3). Time to drug resistance was significantly longer applying the only definition, requiring failure of three antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) (Canada definition), whereas time to fulfillment of all other definitions did not differ. Fifty percent of all patients experienced a seizure free period of ≥1 year prior to being classified as drug resistant, 13% entered another 1-year remission after fulfilling any criteria for drug resistance.
Conclusion. We conclude that the ILAE definition identifies drug resistant epilepsy, with similar latency like two of three formerly used definitions. It is an easy applicable tool to minimize the delay of referral to a specialized center. Intermittent remissions delay assessment of drug resistance for all definitions and 13% of patients enter a remission despite established drug resistance.
The plasticizing effect of properties of manganous chloride and glycerin on poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Jia Puyou , Zhang Meng , Bo Caiying , Hu Lihong , Zhou Yonghong 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) films were prepared with manganous chloride (MnCl2 · 4H2O) and glycerin as complex plasticizer. The micro morphology of pure PVA film and complex plasticizer plasticized PVA films was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The interaction between complex plasticizer and PVA molecules was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The influence of complex plasticizer on crystalline, thermal and mechanical properties of PVA films was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and tensile testing, respectively. The results showed that the complex plasticizer of MnCl2 · 4H2O/glycerin could interacted with PVA molecular and then effectively destroy the crystals of PVA. PVA films plasticized with complex plasticizer of MnCl2 · 4H2O/glycerin became soft and ductile, with lower tensile strength and higher elongation at break compared with PVA films. This is an important cause of plasticization of the complex plasticizer of MnCl2 · 4H2O/glycerin on PVA films.
Salivary gland structure of Ctenarytaina eucalypti (MASKELL, 1890) (Hemiptera) and phloem exudate in Eucalyptus globulus LABILLARDIÈRE, 1799 (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Sharma Anamika , Madhavan Soundararajan , Raman Anantanarayanan , Taylor Gary S. , Fletcher Murray J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The structure of the salivary glands of the free-living aphalarid Ctenarytaina eucalypti, which infests multiple species of Eucalyptus in Australasia and has been introduced into many other regions of the world, is described and illustrated. The principal salivary gland is multilobed whereas the accessory gland is tubular. 1-D electrophoresis revealed proteins of approximately 58 and 64 kDa in the salivary gland extracts and proteins of similar molecular weights in the extracted plant exudates, including phloem, from infested leaves and tender shoots of E. globulus. Proteins that could fall within this range include, but are not limited to, glucosemethanol- choline-oxidoreductase (53-66 kDa), Zn-binding dehydrogenase (67 kDa) and esterase (65-96 kDa), in addition to cytochrome P-450 (50-55 kDa), trehalase (56 kDa), amylase (50-75 kDa) and lipase (48-52 kDa). Previous studies indicate that glucose-methanol-cholineoxidoreductase, Zn-binding dehydrogenase, cytochrome P-450 and trehalase suppress plantdefence mechanisms, whereas the cell-degrading enzymes such as amylase, lipase and esterase have a possible role in enabling C. eucalypti to insert its stylet into leaf and shoot tissues of E. globulus.
An unexpected record of Myrmica schencki EMERY, 1895 as a secondary host ant of the hygrophilous form of a small and isolated population of the Alcon Blue butterfly Phengaris (=Maculinea) alcon (DENIS et SCHIFFERMÜLLER, 1775) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) in NE Poland
Authors: Sielezniew Marcin , Bystrowski Cezary , Deoniziak Krzysztof , Da Costa João Matos 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Phengaris alcon is a socially parasitic butterfly species showing ecological variation across its distribution range. Host ant specificity was studied on a site (a mineral island surrounded by wetlands) in the Narew National Park in NE Poland, inhabited by a highly isolated and small population (estimated at several dozen individuals). We examined nests of their potential hosts, i.e. Myrmica ants, in patches of habitat where the initial larval food plant i.e. Gentiana pneumonanthe was recorded. The Myrmica species composition was shown to be unusual for such habitats because of the presence of M. schencki together with the dominant M. scabrinodis. In 2013 we found just one prepupa of P. alcon in a nest of M. schencki, which had never yet been recorded as a host of the hygrophilous form of this butterfly, and none of the M. scabrinodis nests were infested. However, in 2014 a very typical pattern for eastern Europe was observed, i.e. larvae were recorded exclusively in M. scabrinodis colonies and the parasitisation rate was 33%. In both seasons we recorded similar numbers of egg shells on gentians, which indicated a similar population size of adult butterflies. The results are discussed in the context of the ecology and conservation of P. alcon as well as the sampling design.
Si Bule Masuk Islam: Western Converts to Islam in Indonesia - more than just Converts of Convenience?
Authors: Brice M. A. Kevin 
Published: April 2015

In discussing converts to Islam, two different types of converts are often identified based on the reason for conversion: converts of convenience and converts of conviction. The common view is that in most (if not all) cases, conversion to Islam in Indonesia by Westerners is about facilitating marriage and so the converts should be classified as converts of convenience. Evidence of the commonality of this view is considered by reference to advice offered to Westerners about marriage to Indonesians on specialist web sites and examples of coverage of the topic in Indonesian social media. By considering a number of brief case studies, the common view is challenged. The binary of “convert of convenience” versus “convert of conviction” is revisited to suggest that individuals may move between the types over a period of time. Finally the paper will consider whether there is anything about Islam in Indonesia which contributes to the phenomenon of “transnational” conversion by Westerners in Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v22i1.1386
Islam dan Kolonialisme: Sayyid Usman dan Islam di Indonesia Masa Penjajahan
Authors: Burhanudin Jajat 
Published: April 2015

Nico J.G. Kaptein, Islam, Colonialism, and the Modern Age in the Netherlands East Indies: A Biography of Sayyid ‘Uthman (1822-1914), (Leiden & Boston: Brill. 2014), xv + 317 pages.The book reviewed was the published result of long, scholarly research efforts. Nico Kaptein, the writer, presents a biography of Sayyid Uthman, an ‘ālim out of the Hadrami community in nineteenth century Dutch East Indies. The biography is comprehensive in nature. More importantly, the author shows this Muslim scholar as having partipated in, and therefore contributed to, the structuring of Indonesian Islam. The content arrangement of the book follows the life story of Sayyid Uthman. As an ‘ālim, Sayyid Uthman engaged in current Islamic issues in the Indies, and served as an advisor for Arab affairs for the Dutch colonial government. His being an advisor has long been a subjet of debate. For Muslims, the decision of Sayyid Uthman to cooperate with the government is unacceptable. The Dutch are not only unblievers (kāfir) but also anti-Islam. It is the issue of Uthman being an advisor that becomes the main discussion of the book.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v22i1.1391
Efecto de la espirulina (Arthrospira platensis) (Oscillatoriales: Cyanobacteria) en la cría experimental de Pseudosuccinea columella (Basommatophora: Lymnaeidae)
Authors: Prepelitchi Lucila , Pujadas Julieta M. , Wisnivesky-Colli Cristina 
Published: April 2015

<p>Snails of the family Lymnaeidae, as <em>Pseudosuccinea columella</em>, are the intermediate hosts of <em>Fasciola hepatica</em>, the causative agent of fasciolosis in human and livestock all over the world. A thorough knowledge of snail biology is essential for describing the transmission dynamics and for controlling this disease. Since food quality has had a significant effect on snail growth, fecundity and fertility, in this study we evaluated the use of spirulina (<em>Arthrospira platensis</em>) as a food resource for the artificial breeding of <em>P. columella</em>, an invasive snail and the main intermediate host of <em>F. hepatica</em> in Northeastern Argentina. The main purpose was to measure the effect of spirulina on fitness parameters such as survival rate, growth rate, size at first reproduction, lifetime fecundity and viable offspring. A total of 20 676 newly-laid F<sub>2</sub> eggs were used; half of them were fed with lettuce (treatment L) and the other half with lettuce plus spirulina (treatment L+S). In comparison with <em>P. columella</em> snails fed only with lettuce, we found that <em>P. columella</em> fed with lettuce plus spirulina: <strong>1)</strong> showed higher survival rates, <strong>2)</strong> grew faster and showed higher growth increments, <strong>3)</strong> attained sexual maturity earlier in time (L+S:60 days vs. L:120 days) and at a smaller size (L+S:4.8mm vs. L:8.2mm), <strong>4)</strong> had a longer reproductive period (L+S:150 days vs. L:90 days), <strong>5)</strong> produced a higher number of eggs/snail (L+S:29.6 vs. L:13.3), and <strong>6)</strong> showed a higher offspring hatching rate (L+S:70% vs. L:40%). The supplementation of <em>P. columella</em> diet with commercial spirulina enhances it fitness and improved the artificial breeding of this species. Spirulina may have a direct positive effect on <em>P. columella</em> development by consuming it, along with an indirect positive effect by improving the water quality. This rearing technique provided large number of reproducing adults and a continuous production of offspring, which are essential for developing future experimental studies in order to improve our knowledge on <em>P. columella</em> biology.</p>
Evaluación de fenoles y limonoides en hojas de Cedrela odorata (Meliaceae) de una plantación experimental establecida en Tezonapa Veracruz, México
Authors: Mariscal-Lucero Samantha Del Rocío , Rosales-Castro Martha , Sánchez-Monsalvo Vicente , Honorato-Salazar José Amador 
Published: April 2015

<p><em>Cedrela odorata</em> (Meliaceae) is a native timber tree to Tropical America, known for its high-quality wood, unfortunately, plantations of this species are severely attacked by <em>Hypsipyla grandella</em>. The attraction or repellency of this pest is related to secondary metabolites such as phenols and limonoids (triterpenes); therefore, it is important to study these compounds to understand the phytochemical phenomena behind this problem. <em> </em>With this aim, the concentration of total phenols and limonoides was evaluated in <em>C. odorata</em> leaves from a plantation established in Tezonapa Veracruz, Mexico. For this, a total of 66 tree leaves samples, from seven sites, were analyzed. Phenols and limonoids concentration showed significant differences not only among different provenances, but also among individual trees of the same site (Tukey, p≤0.05). Phenols concentration was variable and in the range from 49 to 223mg EAG/g e for total phenols, from 7 to 158mg EC/g e for flavonoids and from 4 to 104mg EC/g e for proanthocyanidins. Limonoids concentration was also variable, ranging between 227 and 748mg EL/g e. A major compound was found by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Diode Array Detection (HPLC-UV-DAD), which corresponded to a flavonol kaempferol glycoside derivative; additionally, a flavanol catechin was also detected at low concentrations. GC–MS allowed the identification of the sesquiterpenoids β-elemene, E-caryophyllene, aromadendrene, α-humulene, γ-cadinene, D-germacrene, bicyclogermacrene, and the poly terpenoids D-α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol. Our results suggest that the evaluation of phenols may play an important role as a selection parameter for improvement and conservation programs, if they are complemented with conventional breeding practices.</p>
In-Situ High Temperature XRD on U0.54Pu0.46O2-x A Study of the Miscibility Gap
Authors: Strach Michal , Belin Renaud C. , Richaud Jean-Christophe , Rogez Jacques 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIt has been shown in previous studies that a miscibility gap exists in the hypo-stoichiometric region UO2-PuO2-Pu2O3 with one phase poor in oxygen, and the other with an O/M (Oxygen to Metal ratio) close to 2.00. Data on the evolution of this region in temperature, especially in the vicinity of the oxygen content corresponding to the highest temperature at which the gap can be observed, is scarce. A high temperature X-ray diffractometer with a dedicated gas control setup was used to study the described region in-situ. We have observed reflections of the two cubic phases, with one increasing and the other decreasing in intensity during the thermal plateaus lasting up to 20 h. We compare the calculated lattice parameters with literature. We estimated the O/M evolution of our samples from a comparison of phase fractions values obtained by Rietveld refinement and calculations using the Calphad method.