bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antithrombotic therapy in blunt cerebrovascular injury—Do we need more information?
Authors: Snow Hayden , O'Donohoe Tom , Martin Kate , Mitra Biswadev 
Published: February 2015

Introduction Blunt cerebrovascular injury is an infrequent, but potentially devastating cause of morbidity following blunt trauma. Most recommendations regarding treatment of blunt cerebrovascular injury advocate the use of antithrombotic medications, based on biased evidence. We aim to describe the experience with blunt cerebrovascular injury at a major trauma center and to validate the benefits of antithrombotic treatment in blunt cerebrovascular injury. Methods A retrospective cohort study of all adult (>16 years) patients diagnosed with blunt cerebrovascular injury at a major trauma center over a 6-year period. Outcomes were assessed and analyzed to determine neurological sequelae related specifically to blunt cerebrovascular injury. Results Blunt cerebrovascular injury had an incidence of 0.57% in our patient population and 97 patients were initially included for analysis. In subsequent analysis, 39 patients (40.2%) were deemed nonassessable and were excluded, leaving 44 treated and 14 untreated patients. There were no differences between the groups in neurological change or outcome. Three treated patients suffered hemorrhagic complications. Conclusions While there is an association between treatment of blunt cerebrovascular injury with antithrombotics and improved outcomes, selection bias influences these results. Accounting for this bias, the association is no longer demonstrable and treatment does not appear to alter the outcome.
‘If parents are punished for asking their children to feed goats’: Supervisory neglect in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Laird Siobhan E 
Published: February 2015

Summary In the United States and the United Kingdom supervisory neglect of children is premised on a construction of childhood which characterises children as essentially vulnerable and in need of constant care and protection by parents. This Western conception has been transmitted to the countries of the sub-Sahara via the Convention on the Rights of the Child. However, the socio-economic and cultural context of African countries differs significantly from those of the United Kingdom and the United States. The incorporation of a Western hegemonic idea of childhood into the national laws of African countries creates fundamental contradictions in the application of criteria for adjudging the adequacy of parental supervision in the sub-Sahara. Drawing on secondary data, this article explores these contradictions and proposes alternative considerations in the conceptualisation and assessment of supervisory neglect. Finding The combined effects on households in the sub-Sahara of economic conditions, ascribed gender roles and the reciprocal duties held by children to assist their families, contest established indicators and thresholds for supervisory neglect. The concept of societal neglect together with the application of the Haddon Matrix provides a more apposite framework for reducing the risk of significant harm to children. Application All African countries, excepting Somalia, have introduced the Convention on the Rights of the Child through domestic legislation. The findings of this study are pertinent to policy-makers and social workers in the sub-Sahara. They also invite Western scholars to critically engage with dominant notions of supervisory neglect and re-appraise its applicability in cross-national contexts.
Public attitudes and knowledge about social workers in Israel
Authors: Kagan Maya 
Published: February 2015

Summary This article presents the results of a survey on public attitudes and knowledge about social workers in Israel. Data were collected by means of structured questionnaires from a convenience sample of 1,417 participants aged 21 and older not treated by social services. Findings The findings indicate that side by side with fairly high recognition of general areas related to the social work profession, there was a certain lack of comprehension in regard to the roles performed by social workers. Attitudes toward social workers were ambivalent. Although on most parameters examined they received the lowest rankings of all professional fields with which they were compared, a fairly high percentage of respondents rejected critical and biased statements about social workers and defined them as people whose work is based on values, social ideology, and professional ethics, and also believed that it is necessary to increase the number of social workers in Israel and to improve their employment terms and conditions. Applications Understanding public attitudes and knowledge about social workers is important in terms of the public’s trust in them and the prediction of whether they will be approached for advice, treatment, or help when necessary. Furthermore, social workers’ ability to defend their interests and promote social policies requires wide public support, without which they will find it hard to attain sufficient social and political power and influence.
Learner-centred education reforms in India: The missing piece of teachers' beliefs
Authors: Brinkmann Suzana 
Published: February 2015

Recent international education trends have witnessed a widespread push for promoting Western-originating ‘learner-centred’ approaches, often without adequately considering the challenges involved in crossing cultures. Like many developing countries, India has been attempting to bring a paradigm shift from ‘teacher-centred’ to ‘learner-centred’ classrooms for years, particularly through annual in-service training, yet most Indian classrooms remain dominated by rote-learning. One potential reason is that although scholars have suggested that Indian pedagogy is grounded in deeply rooted cultural values resistant to change, research and training programmes have rarely attempted to identify and address these underlying beliefs. To address this gap, this study explores how Indian teachers' beliefs relate to their practice, and whether there are certain prevalent beliefs that conflict with a learner-centred paradigm. The beliefs of 60 elementary teachers in three Indian states are explored through written questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and open-ended life-narratives, while their pedagogy is analysed through classroom observations. Findings suggest several prevalent cultural beliefs that are indeed antithetical to learner-centred pedagogy. This research should generate useful insights for teacher educators and policymakers in India and other developing countries, regarding the need for engaging with teachers' beliefs, and the need for contextualizing Western-originating progressive pedagogies in keeping with local cultural contexts.
Occupation choices of high school and college students with special reference to teaching and research
Authors: Dastidar Ananya G , Sikdar Soumyen 
Published: February 2015

As India's higher education sector is poised to grow at a tremendous pace, one of its main challenges would be provision of quality education. Teacher quality has been identified as one of the most critical factors affecting educational quality. As such, the immense importance of attracting high-quality entrants into the teaching profession cannot be overemphasized. In India there is a rising concern shared by many, especially in academia, that nowadays relatively meritorious students are mostly unwilling to consider teaching and research as possible career options. While evidence from other countries indicates that teaching, a relatively low paying occupation, may be a poor career choice, the literature on this area is sparse in the case of India. This paper addresses precisely this issue as it studies how students, who are prospective labour market entrants, perceive teaching as a profession relative to other available career options. Our analysis, based on a sample survey carried out among high school and college students from Delhi and Kolkata, suggests that for the majority of students surveyed, teaching is not a ‘first-best’ or ‘most preferred’ career option. Further, in their view, rather than raising salaries, it is more important to bring about changes in the nature of the teachers job, to make this a more attractive career option.
Preface
Authors: McLagan Patricia 
Published: February 2015

The Problem The human resource development (HRD) field is still searching for a widely accepted identity. However, because development is a ubiquitous process, because understanding and facilitating it requires insights from many disciplines, and because cultural, maturity and other contextual factors determine how development issues are framed, the pursuit continues. Is the continual search for greater clarity about what HRD is and how to facilitate it a strength or a fool’s errand? The Solution This issue of Advances in Developing Human Resources ( ADHR) does not answer this question, but it does help clarify what is happening as universities evolve programs to develop HRD professionals who can add value to development processes at individual, organizational, and societal levels. The Stakeholders Scholars and practitioners interested in the history and current global status of HRD and HRD education, HRD practitioners and people aspiring to HRD roles in business or societal institutions.
HRD Educators’ Views on Teaching and Learning
Authors: Cho Yonjoo , Zachmeier Aaron 
Published: February 2015

The Problem The development of human resource development (HRD) practitioners and scholars in university-based courses and programs is a significant but underexplored area of research. No recent scholarship has addressed the views of those who teach HRD subject matter, the methods they use, or the challenges they face in their work. Moreover, although HRD is recognized as an international field, HRD education has not been examined with an international perspective. The Solution The purpose of this study was to examine HRD education as an international phenomenon. An overview of the research on HRD education is provided, and the results of a thematic analysis of interviews with 40 HRD educators who teach in higher education institutions in North America, Europe, and Asia at three annual HRD conferences in the United States, United Kingdom, and Taiwan are presented in four broad themes: the nature of HRD, contextual differences, curriculum, and teaching and learning. The Stakeholders This study will be of interest to those who teach and study HRD and develop curriculum for HRD courses and programs for higher education institutions and other organizations, as well as to those who hire HRD graduates.
HRD Programs in the United Kingdom
Authors: Stewart Jim , Mills Sophie , Sambrook Sally 
Published: February 2015

The Problem Very little research has examined the current state of human resource development (HRD) education in the United Kingdom, or the factors influencing its genesis and development. The Solution We analyze historical and contemporary factors influencing HRD education in the United Kingdom, identify different levels and providers of HRD qualifications, and outline curriculum content of HRD programs. Our aim is to clarify the current situation, by proposing a tripartite model of stakeholders in HRD education based on the United Kingdom but which might assist in the analysis of HRD education in other geographic areas. The Stakeholders HRD education in the United Kingdom is largely influenced by three key stakeholders: the U.K. government, the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (the professional body for human resources), and the academy. Our analysis reveals complex and dynamic interactions between these stakeholders, which have implications for them as well as learners, practitioners, and researchers.
The Many Faces of HRD Academic Programs
Authors: Kuchinke K. Peter 
Published: February 2015

The Problem The different perspectives on human resource development (HRD) academic programs in this issue call for a theoretical contribution that situates and extends the descriptive detail offered in the articles from countries around the world. The Solution This article proposes that the sociology of new academic fields with its emphasis on differentiation, legitimacy building, and mobilization of resources can serve as a guiding framework to understand current programs and point to directions for future growth. The Stakeholders Scholars and practitioners interested in the history and current status of HRD and HRD education.
“Because everything changes that day; you don't do the routine”: Alterations and activities chronically ill women undertake on days with health care provider appointments
Authors: Crooks Valorie A 
Published: February 2015

Objectives Research points to the importance of interactions with health care providers for chronically ill patients. Meanwhile, we know little about how visits to providers' offices are accommodated in these patients' lives. This analysis identifies the full scope of routine alterations and preparatory activities that require chronically will women's time and energy specifically on appointment days. Methods 55 semi-structured interviews were conducted with women with fibromyalgia syndrome living in Ontario, Canada. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the constant-comparative technique. Results Two trajectories are identified: (1) alterations to daily routines on appointment days; and (2) activities to prepare for the provider–patient interaction. Factors such as wanting to minimize symptom exacerbation, desires to come across as informed patients, limited time afforded to interactions, and access to transportation explain why these particular routine alterations and preparatory activities were undertaken. Discussion Findings demonstrate that the health care provider–patient interaction does not start or end in the space of the provider's office but is, rather, an event that is part of a larger process primarily focused on its successful negotiation. This suggests that the boundaries of the appointment need to be reconsidered, which holds implications for appointment-focused interventions aimed at chronically ill patients.
Implementing Healthcare Excellence: The Vital Role of the CEO in Evidence-Based Design
Authors: Zimring Craig , Augenbroe Godfried L. , Malone Eileen B. , Sadler Blair L. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose: This paper explores the role of the chief executive officer (CEO) in evidence-based design (EBD), discussing the internal and external challenges that a CEO faces, such as demands for increased quality, safety, patient-and-family-centeredness, increased revenue, and reduced cost. Background: Based on a series of interviews and case studies and the experience of the authors as researchers, consultants, and CEOs, this paper provides a model for EBD and recommends actions that a CEO can undertake to create an effective project over the life cycle of a building. Topical headings: Evidence-Based Design: A Performance-Based Approach to Achieving Key Goals; Key Approaches to Executing Evidence-Based Design; Overcoming Barriers to Innovation: The CEO's Vital Role in Implementing Evidence-Based Design Conclusions: The CEO bears special responsibility for successful facility project implementation. Only the CEO possesses the responsibility and authority to articulate the strategy, vision, goals, and resource constraints that frame every project. With the support of their boards, CEOs set the stage for the transformation of an organization's culture and fuel clinical and business process reengineering by encouraging and, if necessary, forcing collaboration between the strong disciplinary and departmental divisions found in healthcare systems.
The Business Case for Building Better Hospitals through Evidence-Based Design
Authors: Sadler Blair L. , DuBose Jennifer , Zimring Craig 
Published: February 2015

Purpose: After establishing the connection between building well-designed evidence-based facilities and improved safety and quality for patients, families, and staff, this article presents the compelling business case for doing so. It demonstrates why ongoing operating savings and initial capital costs must be analyzed and describes specific steps to ensure that design innovations are implemented effectively. Background: Hospital leaders and boards are now beginning to face a new reality: They can no longer tolerate preventable hospital-acquired conditions such as infections, falls, and injuries to staff or unnecessary intra-hospital patient transfers that can increase errors. Nor can they subject patients and families to noisy, confusing environments that increase anxiety and stress. They must effectively deploy all reasonable quality improvement techniques available. To be optimally effective, a variety of tactics must be combined and implemented in an integrated way. Hospital leadership must understand the clear connection between building well-designed healing environments and improved healthcare safety and quality for patients, families, and staff, as well as the compelling business case for doing so. Emerging pay-for-performance (P4P) methodologies that reward hospitals for quality and refuse to pay hospitals for the harm they cause (e.g., infections and falls) further strengthen this business case. Recommendations: When planning to build a new hospital or to renovate an existing facility, healthcare leaders should address a key question: Will the proposed project incorporate all relevant and proven evidence-based design innovations to optimize patient safety, quality, and satisfaction as well as workforce safety, satisfaction, productivity, and energy efficiency? When conducting a business case analysis for a new project, hospital leaders should consider ongoing operating savings and the market share impact of evidence-based design interventions as well as initial capital costs. They should consider taking the 10 steps recommended to ensure an optimal, cost-effective hospital environment. A return-on-investment (ROI) framework is put forward for the use of individual organizations.
A Review of the Research Literature on Evidence-Based Healthcare Design
Authors: Ulrich Roger S. , Zimring Craig , Zhu Xuemei , DuBose Jennifer , Seo Hyun-Bo , Choi Young-Seon , Quan Xiaobo , Joseph Anjali 
Published: February 2015

Objective: This report surveys and evaluates the scientific research on evidence-based healthcare design and extracts its implications for designing better and safer hospitals. Background: It builds on a literature review conducted by researchers in 2004. Methods: Research teams conducted a new and more exhaustive search for rigorous empirical studies that link the design of hospital physical environments with healthcare outcomes. The review followed a two-step process, including an extensive search for existing literature and a screening of each identified study for the relevance and quality of evidence. Results: This review found a growing body of rigorous studies to guide healthcare design, especially with respect to reducing the frequency of hospital-acquired infections. Results are organized according to three general types of outcomes: patient safety, other patient outcomes, and staff outcomes. The findings further support the importance of improving outcomes for a range of design characteristics or interventions, including single-bed rooms rather than multibed rooms, effective ventilation systems, a good acoustic environment, nature distractions and daylight, appropriate lighting, better ergonomic design, acuity-adaptable rooms, and improved floor layouts and work settings. Directions for future research are also identified. Conclusions: The state of knowledge of evidence-based healthcare design has grown rapidly in recent years. The evidence indicates that well-designed physical settings play an important role in making hospitals safer and more healing for patients, and better places for staff to work.
The Systems Research Organizing Model: A Conceptual Perspective for Facilities Design
Authors: Brewer Barbara B. , Verran Joyce A. , Stichler Jaynelle F. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to (1) demonstrate the utility of the Systems Research Organizing Model (SROM) for evidence-based design; (2) explicate the SROM; and (3) demonstrate how the SROM can advance the science of healthcare design. Background: Grounded in systems science and adapted from the Quality Health Outcomes Model, the SROM was originally designed to assist in the organization of nursing systems research. It is useful for research in other fields as well because it serves as a potential framework for new investigations, allows delineation of key factors in previous research studies, and allows for the synthesis of a body of research knowledge. By means of the latter function, it helps identify knowledge that is ready to be translated to the practice environment. Model Design: The SROM is a fully justified model with four core constructs: client, context, action focus, and outcomes. Feedback loops in the model reflect the interrelatedness of the core constructs and recognize the complex nature of the healthcare environment. Conclusions: The SROM may be useful for organizing research studies of interest to healthcare design scientists and practitioners. This framework has promise for organizing studies, identifying gaps in current research studies, and synthesizing multiple studies for application to practice.
Ambulatory Facility Design and Patients' Perceptions of Healthcare Quality
Authors: Becker Franklin , Sweeney Bridget , Parsons Kelley 
Published: February 2015

Objective: This research examines whether the physical attractiveness of an outpatient practice influences patients' perceptions of healthcare quality, including patient and staff perceptions of the quality of staff-patient interaction. Background: Despite the high and increasing percentage of healthcare dollars for care delivered on an outpatient basis, relatively little research has examined the relationship between the design of ambulatory facilities and patient outcomes. Few studies have examined how patients' perceptions of healthcare quality differ in the same outpatient practice before and after a move to a new facility designed to be patient-centered. This study is the second phase of a study comparing patients' perceived quality of care in ambulatory facilities that differ markedly in physical attractiveness. Methods: Using both a patient and staff survey, and structured interviews, this study compared staff and patient perceptions of healthcare quality (including staff-patient interactions) before and after a move to a new facility designed to be patient-centered. Results: Patients' perceived quality of care, and their perceptions of the quality of interaction with staff, was significantly better in the patient-centered facility. Few differences were found in actual patient-staff interaction behaviors. Conclusions: This study is consistent with other studies that examined the relationship among the physical attractiveness of healthcare settings, patient satisfaction, and perceived quality of care. For this reason, the results are more credible than they would be were they inconsistent with other research or were this the only study examining these issues. These results support the value of investing in the physical attractiveness of patient areas in the ambulatory care setting. Further research is needed to identify specific physical elements that contribute to positive attributions related to quality of care, as well as where the “tipping point” is in investments to improve physical attractiveness.