bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroecology of methane‐oxidizing bacteria: the β‐diversity of pmoA genotypes in tropical and subtropical rice paddies
Authors: Lüke Claudia , Frenzel Peter , Ho Adrian , Fiantis Dian , Schad Peter , Schneider Bellinda , Schwark Lorenz , Utami Sri Rahayu 
Published: June 2013

SummaryStudies addressing microbial biogeography have increased during the past decade, but research on microbial distribution patterns is still in its infancies, and many aspects are only poorly understood. Here, we compared the methanotroph community in paddy soils sampled in Indonesia, Vietnam, China and Italy, focusing on the distance–decay relationship. We used the pmoA gene as marker for methanotroph diversity in terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, microarray and pyrosequencing approaches. We could observe a significant increase of β‐diversity with geographical distance across continents (12 000 km). Measured environmental parameters explained only a small amount of data variation, and we found no evidence for dispersal limitation. Thus, we propose historical contingencies being responsible for the observed patterns. Furthermore, we performed an in‐depth analysis of type II methanotroph pmoA distribution at the sequence level. We used ordination analysis to project sequence dissimilarities into a three‐dimensional space (multidimensional scaling). The ordination suggests that type II methanotrophs in paddy fields can be divided into five major groups. However, these groups were found to be distributed in all soils independent of the geographic origin. By including tropical field sites (Indonesia and Vietnam) into the analysis, we further observed the first paddy fields harbouring a methanotroph community depleted in type II methanotrophs.
Targeting spatiotemporal dynamics of planktonic SAGMGC‐1 and segregation of ammonia‐oxidizing thaumarchaeota ecotypes by newly designed primers and quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Restrepo‐Ortiz Claudia X. , Auguet Jean‐Christophe , Casamayor Emilio O. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe annual dynamics of three different ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) ecotypes (amoA gene) and of the SAGMGC‐1 (Nitrosotalea‐like aquatic Thaumarchaeota) group (16S rRNA gene) were studied by newly designed specific primers and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis in a deep oligotrophic high mountain lake (Lake Redon, Limnological Observatory of the Pyrenees, Spain). We observed segregated distributions of the main AOA populations, peaking separately in time and space, and under different ammonia concentrations and irradiance conditions. Strong positive correlation in gene abundances was found along the annual survey between 16S rRNA SAGMAGC‐1 and one of the amoA ecotypes suggesting the potential for ammonia oxidation in the freshwater SAGMAGC‐1 clade. We also observed dominance of Nitrosotalea‐like ecotypes over Nitrosopumilus‐like (Marine Group 1.1a) and not the same annual dynamics for the two thaumarchaeotal clades. The fine scale segregation in space and time of the different AOA ecotypes indicated the presence of phylogenetically close but ecologically segregated AOA species specifically adapted to specific environmental conditions. It remains to be elucidated what would be such environmental drivers.
Mild gut inflammation modulates the proteome of intestinal Escherichia coli
Authors: Schumann Sara , Alpert Carl , Engst Wolfram , Klopfleisch Robert , Loh Gunnar , Bleich André , Blaut Michael 
Published: June 2013

SummaryUsing interleukin 10‐deficient (IL‐10‐/‐) and wild‐type mice monoassociated with either the adherent‐invasive Escherichia coli UNC or the probiotic E. coli Nissle, the effect of a mild intestinal inflammation on the bacterial proteome was studied. Within 8 weeks, IL‐10‐/‐ mice monoassociated with E. coli UNC exhibited an increased expression of several proinflammatory markers in caecal mucosa. Escherichia coli Nissle‐associated IL‐10‐/‐ mice did not do so. As observed previously for E. coli from mice with acute colitis, glycolytic enzymes were downregulated in intestinal E. coli UNC from IL‐10‐/‐ mice. In addition, the inhibitor of vertebrate C‐type lysozyme, Ivy, was upregulated on messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein level in E. coli Nissle from IL‐10‐/‐ mice compared with E. coli UNC from these mice. Higher expression of Ivy in E. coli Nissle correlated with an improved growth of this probiotic strain in the presence of lysozyme‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). By overexpressing Ivy, we demonstrated that Ivy contributes to a higher lysozyme resistance of E. coli, supporting the role of Ivy as a potential fitness factor. However, deletion of Ivy did not alter the growth phenotype of E. coli Nissle in the presence of lysozyme‐EDTA, suggesting the existence of additional lysozyme inhibitors that can take over the function of Ivy.
Randomised controlled trial comparing early home biofeedback physiotherapy with pelvic floor exercises for the treatment of third‐degree tears (EBAPT Trial)
Authors: Peirce C , Murphy C , Fitzpatrick M , Cassidy M , Daly L , O'Connell PR , O'Herlihy C 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo compare early home biofeedback physiotherapy with pelvic floor exercises (PFEs) for the initial management of women sustaining a primary third‐degree tear.DesignSingle centre, randomised trial.SettingNational Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.PopulationA total of 120 women sustaining a primary third‐degree tear.MethodsWomen were randomised in a one to three ratio: 30 to early postpartum home biofeedback physiotherapy and 90 to PFEs.Main outcome measuresDifferences in anorectal manometry results, Cleveland Clinic continence scores and Rockwood faecal incontinence quality of life scale scores after 3 months of postpartum treatment.ResultsThe mean anal resting pressure was 39 ± 13 mmHg in the early biofeedback physiotherapy group and 43 ± 17 mmHg in the PFE group. The mean anal squeeze pressure was 64 ± 17 mmHg in the biofeedback group and 62 ± 23 mmHg in the PFE group. There was no significant difference in anal resting and squeeze pressure values between the groups (P = 0.123 and P = 0.68, respectively). There were no differences in symptom score and quality of life measurements between the groups.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates no added value in using early home biofeedback physiotherapy in the management of women sustaining third‐degree tears. Poor compliance may have contributed because women found it difficult to designate time to using biofeedback.
Responding to Crises: The Problematic Relationship between Security and Justice in The Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Bohm Alexandra 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Responsibility to Protect (RtP) report has been hailed by academics and policy makers alike as an important policy development in the international community's potential to protect vulnerable and insecure populations from violence. This article critically assesses the RtP, examining the problems with its particular conception of justice and security based on the nature and source of threats to individuals. It criticises the RtP's focus on crises, arguing that this downplays the importance of systemic, ‘chronic’ problems of injustice and disorder across the globe – and thus the importance of responding to these chronic problems. This emphasis, together with the RtP's focus on civil and political rights over socioeconomic rights, results in the causes of crises being perceived as local, thereby obviating the need to admit the role of the international community in contributing to current crises and systemic injustices. Based on these criticisms, this article concludes that the RtP's narrow conception of the relationship between justice and security will not further the international community's ability to discharge its responsibility towards individuals across the globe.
Embracing autism in Canadian rural communities
Authors: Hoogsteen Lindsey , Woodgate Roberta L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of Canadian parents living in rural areas who were parenting a child with autism.DesignA phenomenological design described by van Manen was applied to guide this study.SettingThis study took place in rural communities of Western Canada.ParticipantsPurposive sampling was used to recruit 26 families parenting a child with autism in rural communities. Participants ranged in age from 26 to 50 years old and lived an average of 197 kilometres away from an urban city.InterventionsParents of children with autism took part in audio‐taped, in‐depth interviews. A total of 26 open‐ended interviews were completed over four months with an average of 83 minutes per interview.Main Outcome MeasuresAll interviews and field notes were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using van Manen's selective highlighting approach.ResultsWhen describing the characteristics of living rurally while parenting a child with autism, parents reported that the rural community had (i) less of everything, (ii) safety and familiarity, and (iii) a family of support. Parents believed that although there were disadvantages to living in a rural community, parents felt isolated in terms of services but not in terms of the support received by the community.ConclusionThe results of this study add to our knowledge of parenting experiences with attention to the rural experience and furthermore, recommendations for nurses and health care professionals were provided.
Barriers and motivators to exercise for older adults: A focus on those living in rural and remote areas of Australia
Authors: Boehm Jackie , Franklin Richard C. , Newitt Rose , McFarlane Kathryn , Grant Tonya , Kurkowski Barbra 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTo identify the barriers and facilitators for exercise in older adults (50 years or over) specific to those living in rural and remote areas in Australia and to identify how this relates to falls prevention exercise programs in these areas. Literature review. Search of the databases of Medline, Scopus and Social Sciences Citation Index. Rural and remote areas. Searching identified 56 articles relating to barriers or facilitators to exercise in older adults in general, of which 25 are discussed in the article. Five of these articles specifically related to rural and remote areas, of which all were from studies in the United States. No literature specifically relating to rural and remote Australia was identified. Therefore, articles included in the final review were from three different domains – world literature (excluding those specific to rural and remote areas of Australia), rural and remote literature (note not Australian), and Australian literature to enable a comparison between the different populations to occur. There are similarities and differences between the barriers and facilitators in various populations, and no one factor alone will enable exercise in older adults. Research needs to be conducted on the barriers and facilitators to exercise in older adults living in rural and remote areas in Australia. Falls prevention exercise programs need to be tailored to suit the unique needs of the rural and remote older population.
Overactive bladder and its effects on sexual dysfunction among women
Authors: Ergenoglu Ahmet M. , Yeniel Ahmet Özgür , Itil Ismail Mete , Askar Niyazi , Meseri Reci , Petri Eckhard 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relation between overactive bladder (OAB) and sexual dysfunction in sexually active nurses without stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.DesignProspective, observational study.SettingTertiary care centerPopulation200 nurses, under 49 years of age.MethodData were obtained with Turkish language‐validated questionnaires between January 2011 and June 2011. OAB was diagnosed using the Overactive Bladder Awareness Tool (OAB AT).Main outcome measuresScores on the Overactive Bladder Symptom and Health‐related Quality of Life Questionnaire Short Form (OABq‐SF), the Health‐related Quality of Life Questionnaire Short Form (HRQOL), and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire Short Form (PISQ‐12).ResultsOf the 127 enrolled volunteers, 51 were diagnosed with OAB. The mean age of the participants was 37.8 ± 7.3 years. After controlling for age, body mass index, and parity, OAB did not significantly affect PISQ‐12 scores, but significantly worsened OABq‐SF scores. No strong correlation was noted between the parts of the OABq‐SF and the domains of the PISQ‐12.ConclusionOAB is a common problem among sexually active young women and significantly affects their quality of life. However, OAB‐related sexual dysfunction plays a limited role among sexually active nurses.
Maternal chocolate and sucrose soft drink intake induces hepatic steatosis in rat offspring associated with altered lipid gene expression profile
Authors: Kjaergaard M. , Nilsson C. , Rosendal A. , Nielsen M. O. , Raun K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimAccording to the World Diabetes Foundation, there is an urgent need to investigate the impact of maternal health and nutrition during pregnancy to understand the background for the accelerating incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we specifically concentrated on the role of overfeeding during different developmental periods.MethodsSprague–Dawley rats were offered chow or high‐fat/high‐sucrose diet (chow plus chocolate and soft drink) during gestation and lactation. At birth, offspring were randomly cross‐fostered within each dietary group into small and normal litter sizes until weaning, giving four dietary groups.ResultsAt postnatal day 1, offspring from high‐fat/high‐sucrose‐fed dams were heavier and had increased hepatic triglycerides (TG), hepatic glycogen, blood glucose and plasma insulin compared with offspring from chow‐fed dams. Hepatic genes involved in lipid oxidation, VLDL transport and insulin receptor were down‐regulated, whereas FGF21 expression was up‐regulated. Independent of postnatal litter size, offspring from high‐fat/high‐sucrose‐fed dams aged 21 days had still increased hepatic TG and up‐regulated FGF21 expression, while plasma insulin started to decrease. Litter size reduction in offspring from high‐fat/high‐sucrose‐fed dams further increased body weight and adiposity, and up‐regulated genes involved in hepatic mitochondrial lipid oxidation and VLDL transport compared with all other groups. Litter size reduction did not have any impact on body weight gain and adiposity in offspring born to chow‐fed dams.ConclusionOur results suggest that supplementation of chocolate and soft drink during gestation and lactation contributes to early onset of hepatic steatosis associated with changes in hepatic gene expression and lipid handling.
The human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV): virological background and clinical implications
Authors: Hirsch Hans H. , Kardas Piotr , Kranz Denise , Leboeuf Celine 
Published: June 2013

JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) was the first of now 12 PyVs detected in humans, when in 1964, PyV particles were revealed by electron microscopy in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) tissues. JCPyV infection is common in 35–70% of the general population, and the virus thereafter persists in the renourinary tract. One third of healthy adults asymptomatically shed JCPyV at approximately 50 000 copies/mL urine. PML is rare having an incidence of <0.3 per 100 000 person years in the general population. This increased to 2.4 per 1000 person years in HIV‐AIDS patients without combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Recently, PML emerged in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab to 2.13 cases per 1000 patients. Natalizumab blocks α4‐integrin‐dependent lymphocyte homing to the brain suggesting that not the overall cellular immunodeficiency but local failure of brain immune surveillance is a pivotal factor for PML. Recovering JCPyV‐specific immune control, e.g., by starting cART or discontinuing natalizumab, significantly improves PML survival, but is challenged by the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Important steps of PML pathogenesis are undefined, and antiviral therapies are lacking. New clues might come from molecular and functional profiling of JCPyV and PML pathology and comparison with other replicative pathologies such as granule cell neuronopathy and (meningo‐)encephalitis, and non‐replicative JCPyV pathology possibly contributing to some malignancies. Given the increasing number of immunologically vulnerable patients, a critical reappraisal of JCPyV infection, replication and disease seems warranted.
Immunobullous dermatosis associated with Waldenström macroglobulinaemia treated with rituximab
Authors: Chattopadhyay M. , Rytina E. , Dada M. , Bhogal B. S. , Groves R. , Handfield-Jones S. 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the presence of a monoclonal IgM paraprotein. Specific cutaneous features of WM include neoplastic cell infiltrates, IgM storage papules and IgM bullous dermatosis. We report a patient with subepidermal bullous disease associated with WM. Immunofluorescence identified IgM deposition along the basement membrane zone (BMZ) with circulating anti-BMZ IgM antibodies reacting with the dermal side of salt-split skin. The autoantibodies did not react with type VII collagen or laminin 332. Following failed treatment with doxycycline, prednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin and dapsone, the patient was successfully treated with a modified RCVP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of IgM bullous disease of WM treated with rituximab.
Impact of implant–abutment connection and positioning of the machined collar/microgap on crestal bone level changes: a systematic review
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Hegewald Andrea , Becker Jürgen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo address the following focused question: What is the impact of implant–abutment configuration and the positioning of the machined collar/microgap on crestal bone level changes?Material and methodsElectronic databases of the PubMed and the Web of Knowledge were searched for animal and human studies reporting on histological/radiological crestal bone level changes (CBL) at nonsubmerged one‐/two‐piece implants (placed in healed ridges) exhibiting different abutment configurations, positioning of the machined collar/microgap (between 1992 and November 2012: n = 318 titles). Quality assessment of selected full‐text articles was performed according to the ARRIVE and CONSORT statement guidelines.ResultsA total of 13 publications (risk of bias: high) were eligible for the review. The weighted mean difference (WMD) (95% CI) between machined collars placed either above or below the bone crest amounted to 0.835 mm favoring an epicrestal positioning of the rough/smooth border (P < 0.001) (P‐value for heterogeneity: 0.885, I2: 0.000% = no heterogeneity). WMD (95% CI) between microgaps placed either at or below the bone crest amounted to −0.479 mm favoring a subcrestal position of the implant neck (P < 0.001) (P‐value for heterogeneity: 0.333, I2: 12.404% = low heterogeneity). Only two studies compared different implant–abutment configurations. Due to a high heterogeneity, a meta‐analysis was not feasible.ConclusionsWhile the positioning of the machined neck and microgap may limit crestal bone level changes at nonsubmerged implants, the impact of the implant–abutment connection lacks documentation.
Testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men results in sustained and clinically meaningful weight loss
Authors: Yassin A. A. , Doros G. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Hypogonadism is associated with increased fat mass and reduced muscle mass, which contributes to obesity and health risks, such as cardiovascular disease.
Testosterone treatment of hypogonadal men improves muscle mass and reduces fat mass; however, many of these studies are of short duration.
Thus, the long‐term effects of testosterone on body anthropometry are not known.
What this study adds
Long‐term testosterone treatment of hypogonadal men, up to 5 years duration, produced marked and significant decrease in body weight, waist circumference and body mass index.
Hypogonadism contributes to reduced muscle mass and increased adiposity. Testosterone treatment ameliorates loss of muscle mass and reduces fat accumulation associated with hypogonadism. In this study, we evaluated the long‐term effects of normalizing testosterone (T) levels in hypogonadal men on anthropometric parameters. Open‐label, single‐center, cumulative, prospective registry study of 261 men (32–84 years, mean 59.5 ± 8.4 years, with T levels ≤12 nmol L−1 [mean: 7.7 ± 2.1]). Among the 261 men on T treatment, we followed up on 260 men for at least 2 years, 237 for 3 years, 195 for 4 years and 163 for at least 5 years. Subjects received parenteral T undecanoate 1000 mg every 12 weeks after an initial interval of 6 weeks. Body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were measured at baseline and yearly after treatment with T. BW decreased from 100.1 ± 14.0 kg to 92.5 ± 11.2 kg and WC was reduced from 107.7 ± 10.0 cm to 99.0 ± 9.1 cm. BMI declined from 31.7 ± 4.4 m kg−2 to 29.4 ± 3.4 m kg−2. All parameters examined were statistically significant vs. baseline and vs. the previous year over 5 years, indicating a continuous weight loss (WL) over the full observation period. The mean per cent WL was 3.2 ± 0.3% after 1 year, 5.6 ± 0.3%, after 2 years, 7.5 ± 0.3% after 3 years, 9.1 ± 0.3% after 4 years and 10.5 ± 0.4% after 5 years. The data obtained from this uncontrolled, observational, registry study suggest that raising serum T to normal physiological levels in hypogonadal men produces consistent loss in BW, WC and BMI. These marked improvements were progressive over the 5 years of the study.
Side‐effects of henna and semi‐permanent ‘black henna’ tattoos: a full review
Authors: de Groot Anton C. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryHenna, the dried and powdered leaf of Lawsonia inermis, is widely used as a dye for the skin, hair, and nails, and as an expression of body art, especially in Islamic and Hindu cultures. As it stains the skin reddish‐brown, it is also called red henna. Black henna is the combination of red henna with p‐phenylenediamine (PPD), and is used for temporary ‘black henna tattoos’. This article provides a full review of the side‐effects of topical application of red and black henna, both cutaneous (allergic and non‐allergic) and systemic. Red henna appears to be generally safe, with rare instances of contact allergy and type I hypersensitivity reactions. In children with glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, topical application of henna may cause life‐threatening haemolysis. Black henna tattoos will induce contact allergy to its ingredient PPD at an estimated frequency of 2.5%. Once sensitized, the patients may experience allergic contact dermatitis from the use of hair dyes containing PPD. There are often cross‐reactions to other hair dyes, dyes used in textiles, local anaesthetics, and rubber chemicals. The sensitization of children to PPD may have important consequences for health and later career prospects. Systemic toxicity of black henna has been reported in certain African countries.