bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Investigation of Biocompatible Mixed Surfactant Reverse Micelles: III. Aqueous NaCl Solubilization, Thermodynamic Parameters of Desolubilization Process and Conductometric Studies
Authors: Kundu Kaushik , Paul Bidyut K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSolubilization of water and aqueous NaCl in mixed reverse micelles (RMs) comprising sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT), and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan trioleate or polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate has been studied at different compositions (Xnonionic = 0–1.0) at a total surfactant concentration, ST = 0.10 × 103 mol m−3 in biocompatible oils of different chemical structures; viz., ethyl oleate (EO), isopropyl myristate (IPM) and isopropyl palmitate (IPP) at 303 K. The enhancement in water solubilization (i.e., synergism) has been evidenced by the addition of nonionic surfactant to dioctyl sulfosuccinate/oil(s)/water systems. Addition of NaCl in these systems at different Xnonionic enhances their solubilization capacities further until a maximum, ωNaCl,max is reached. ωNaCl,max and [NaCl]max (concentration at which maximization of NaCl solubilization occurs) depend on type of nonionic surfactant, its content (Xnonionic) and oil. A new solubilization efficiency parameter (SP*water or SP*NaCl) has been proposed to compare solubilization phenomena in these oils. The energetic parameters of the desolubilization process of water or aqueous NaCl in single and mixed RMs have been estimated. Energetically, the water dissolution process in oil has been found to be more exothermic as well as more organized in IPP. Overall, the dissolution of water and aqueous NaCl in mixed RMs is entropically driven process. Conductance behavior of these systems in the presence of NaCl has been investigated under different [NaCl] at 303 K. An attempt has been made to give an insight to the mechanism of solubilization phenomena, percolation in conductance and microstructures vis‐à‐vis role of biocompatible oils in these systems.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Cationic Lipids Derived from Thio Galactose
Authors: Qiao Weihong , Zhou Min , Luo Limei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTwo double chain cationic lipids QAS Cn‐2‐S (n = 12, 14) derived from thio galactose and carbamate‐linkage tertiary amine were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by MS, TOF‐MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The QAS C12‐2‐S revealed superior surface activity compared with QAS C14‐2‐S with lower CMC and γCMC. Though Lipo C12‐2‐S displayed large average particle‐size with high polydispersity, positive charged Lipo Cn‐2‐S can be combined with the negative charged DNA, also negatively stained TEM images confirmed the formation of vesicles. All the above prove that the Lipo Cn‐2‐S is helpful for gene transfection.
Interactions Between Oil Substrates and Glucose on Pure Cultures of Ruminal Lipase‐Producing Bacteria
Authors: Edwards H. D. , Anderson R. C. , Taylor T. M. , Miller R. K. , Hardin M. D. , Nisbet D. J. , Krueger N. A. , Smith S. B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe hydrolysis of free fatty acids from lipids is a prerequisite for biohydrogenation, a process that effectively saturates free fatty acids. Anaerovibrio lipolyticus 5s and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens have long been thought to be the major contributors to ruminal lipolysis; however, Propionibacterium avidum and acnes recently have been identified as contributing lipase activity in the rumen. In order to further characterize the lipase activity of these bacterial populations, each was grown with three different lipid substrates, olive oil, corn oil, and flaxseed oil (3 %). Because different finishing rations contain varying levels of glycogen (a source of free glucose) this study also documented the effects of glucose on lipolysis. P. avidum and A. lipolyticus 5s demonstrated the most rapid rates (P < 0.05) of lipolysis for cultures grown with olive oil and flaxseed oil, respectively. A. lipolyticus, B. fibrisolvens, and P. avidum more effectively hydrolyzed flaxseed oil than olive oil or corn oil, especially in the presence of 0.02 % glucose. Conversely, P. acnes hydrolyzed corn oil more readily than olive oil or flaxseed oil and glucose had no effect on lipolytic rate. Thus, these bacterial species demonstrated different specificities for oil substrates and different sensitivities to glucose.
Ownership of patient care: a behavioural definition and stepwise approach to
diagnosing problems in trainees
Authors: Kimberly McLaren Kimberly , Lord Julie , Murray Suzanne B. , Levy Mitchell , Ciechanowski Paul , Markman Jesse , Ratzliff Anna , Cowley Deborah S. , Grodesky Michael 
Published: April 2013

In medical education, behavioural definitions allow for more effective evaluation
and supervision. Ownership of patient care is a complex area of trainee development that
crosses multiple areas of evaluation and may lack clear behavioural definitions. In an
effort to define ownership for educational purposes, the authors surveyed psychiatry
teaching faculty and trainees about behaviours that would indicate that a physician is
demonstrating ownership of patient care. Emerging themes were identified through
analysis of narrative responses in this qualitative descriptive study. Forty-one faculty
(54 %) and 29 trainees (52 %) responded. Both faculty and trainees identified seven core
elements of ownership: advocacy, autonomy, commitment, communication, follow-through,
knowledge and teamwork. These seven elements provide a consensus-derived behavioural
definition that can be used to determine competency or identify deficits. The proposed
two-step process enables supervisors to identify problematic ownership behaviours and
determine whether there is a deficit of knowledge, skill or attitude. Further, the
theory of planned behaviour is applied to better understand the relationship between
attitudes, intentions and subsequent behaviour. By structuring the diagnosis of problems
with ownership of patient care, supervisors are able to provide actionable feedback and
intervention in a naturalistic setting. Three examples are presented to illustrate this
stepwise process.
Bewegungsförderung bei Pflegebedürftigkeit – zielgruppenspezifische Interventionen fehlen
Authors: Horn Annett , Vogt Dominique , Kleina Thomas , Schaeffer Doris 
Published: April 2013

Einleitung
Besonders ältere und alte Menschen leiden häufig unter chronischen Erkrankungen, die ursächlich für Funktionseinbußen sind und gleichzeitig das Risiko des Abrutschens in Pflegebedürftigkeit in sich bergen. Doch auch pflegebedürftige Menschen verfügen über gesundheitliche Potenziale, die es durch Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention zu stärken gilt. Der Bewegungsförderung kommt dabei eine besondere Bedeutung zu, jedoch fehlt es noch an auf die Zielgruppe abgestimmten Interventionen
Sturzprävention als kommunale Aufgabe
Authors: Klein Diana , Küpper Michaela , Rapp Kilian , Becker Clemens , Benzinger Petra 
Published: April 2013

Einleitung
Evidenzbasierte Maßnahmen zur Sturzprävention stehen bereits zur Verfügung. Vielmehr geht es nun um erfolgversprechende Strategien, diese Maßnahmen nachhaltig in kommunale Strukturen einzubetten und damit der gesamten älteren Bevölkerung, in Abhängigkeit von deren Bedarf, zukommen zu lassen. Sturzprävention und Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität im Alter kann nicht Aufgabe vereinzelter Institutionen sein. Sie muss als gemeinsame Herausforderung aller kommunalen Akteure verstanden werden.
Unconventional gold placers of the China tectonic depression (Vitim Plateau, East Siberia)
Authors: Roslyakov N.A. , Kirillov M.V. , Morozova N.S. , Zhmodik S.M. , Kalinin Yu.A. , Nesterenko G.V. , Roslyakova N.V. , Belyanin D.K. , Kolpakov V.V. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Holocene shallow (0.5–4.5 m, rarely more) and Pliocene–Pleistocene deep (&gt;25 m) placers occur within the China tectonic depression. The shallow placers are associated with the formation of the present-day drainage valleys of the China River under permafrost conditions, and the deep ones are localized within the preglacial paleovalleys of the river basin. An integrated geological and geochemical study was carried out at ten shallow commercial placers, eight of which are classified as poorly studied and “unconventional.” Placers are considered “unconventional” based on their technological characteristics (commercial gold is small (–0.25 to +0.1 mm), thin (–0.1 mm), and micron-sized or “bound” (invisible)), geomorphologic conditions of formation, confinement to the oxidized zone of active permafrost, significant portion of fine hydrogenic gold, and several other minor features.
The formation of shallow “unconventional” placers is controlled by the conditions of active permafrost. Under aerobic conditions, suprapermafrost waters form an oxidized zone, in which iron hydroxides impart a yellowish reddish color to water-bearing rocks. Long-lived geochemical barriers (biogenic, reduction, electrochemical, sorption, and others), including gravitational differentiation, play an important role in the concentration of small and thin gold.
Alluvial deposits in Meso-Cenozoic tectonic depressions, such as the China basin, are the most promising in terms of “unconventional” placers. The main factors favoring the formation of these localities and the criteria for their assessment are large feeding sources of gold (mainly carbonaceous and sulfide) mineralization, endogenic and exogenic dispersion aureoles with thin and invisible gold; increased thickness of the suprapermafrost active layer and its temporal and spatial stability, contributing to the formation and functioning of oxidized horizons with the accumulation of ferric hydroxide and hydrogenic gold; specific morphologic varieties of hydrogenic gold, which are the fundamental criterion for primary gold mineralization with migratable metal; fine-clastic clay-rich composition of recent alluvial or alluvial-talus sediments, produced by water reworking of ancient gold-bearing weathering crusts; and development of broad floodplains filled with Holocene sediments and their junction with talus-solifluction erosional slopes.
Trace elements as indicators of the physicochemical conditions of mineral formation in hydrothermal sulfide systems
Authors: Tauson V.L. , Babkin D.N. , Akimov V.V. , Lipko S.V. , Smagunov N.V. , Parkhomenko I.Yu. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The three-mode distribution of trace-element (TE) concentrations is observed in accordance with three main forms of TE occurrence in mineral: structural, surficial, and phase (native TE phases). Minerals of hydrothermally synthesized pyrite–pyrrhotite–magnetite–greenockite assemblage in the presence of Au and Mn are studied. Discrimination of modes is made, using the method of statistical sample of analytical data for single crystals (SSADSC), which is based on the postulate that individual crystals can contain predominantly one of possible forms. This is supported by study of Cd modes of occurrence by element thermorelease atomic-absorption spectrometry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic-force microscopy were used to examine the surficial TE forms. It has been confirmed that the dependence of the TE content on the crystal size in the sample is mainly due to surficial nonautonomous phases absorbing TEs. The effect of correspondence of chemical-component forms on the surfaces of coexisting minerals is also corroborated. This phenomenon is not related to the mutual contamination of phases but is due to the induction of the corresponding states of chemical forms in coexisting nonautonomous phases. It is possible to obtain true coefficients of interface distribution, characterizing structural TE impurities. These coefficients differ strongly from apparent distribution coefficients calculated from the bulk contents of impurities, except for Mn in pyrrhotite and magnetite, where its structural mode is predominant. The results obtained show that TEs can be used as quantitative geochemical indicators, which help to obtain correct information about the parameters of mineral formation and TE contents in the fluid phase.
Hollow-core photonic crystal fibre for high power laser beam delivery
Authors: Wang Yingying , Alharbi Meshaal , Bradley Thomas D. , Fourcade-Dutin Coralie , Debord Benoît , Beaudou Benoît , Gerôme Frédéric , Benabid Fetah 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe review the use of hollow-core photonic crystal fibre (HC-PCF) for high power laser beam delivery. A comparison of bandgap HC-PCF with Kagome-lattice HC-PCF on the geometry, guidance mechanism, and optical properties shows that the Kagome-type HC-PCF is an ideal host for high power laser beam transportation because of its large core size, low attenuation, broadband transmission, single-mode guidance, low dispersion and the ultra-low optical overlap between the core-guided modes and the silica core-surround. The power handling capability of Kagome-type HC-PCF is further experimentally demonstrated by millijoule nanosecond laser spark ignition and ${\sim }100~\mathrm{\mu} \mathrm{J} $ sub-picosecond laser pulse transportation and compression.
Heat wave fast ignition in inertial confinement energy
Authors: Eliezer Shalom , Pinhasi Shirly Vinikman 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn accelerated micro-foil is used to ignite a pre-compressed cylindrical shell containing deuterium–tritium fuel. The well-known shock wave ignition criterion and a novel criterion based on heat wave ignition are developed in this work. It is shown that for heat ignition very high impact velocities are required. It is suggested that a multi-petawatt laser can accelerate a micro-foil to relativistic velocities in a very short time duration (˜picosecond) of the laser pulse. The cylindrical geometry suggested here for the fast ignition approach has the advantage of geometrically separating the nanosecond lasers that compress the target from the picosecond laser that accelerates the foil. The present model suggests that nuclear fusion by micro-foil impact ignition could be attained with currently existing technology.
Depth-integrated equation for large-scale modelling of low-frequency hydroacoustic waves
Authors: Sammarco P. , Cecioni C. , Bellotti G. , Abdolali A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe present a depth-integrated equation for the mechanics of propagation of low-frequency hydroacoustic waves due to a sudden bottom displacement associated with earthquakes. The model equation can be used for numerical prediction in large-scale domains, overcoming the computational difficulties of three-dimensional models and so creating a solid base for tsunami early warning systems.
Jumping – ship – can have its costs: implications of predation and host plant species for the maintenance of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) colour polymorphism
Authors: Balog Adalbert 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe interplay between the host plant of an insect herbivore and an insect predator (here two-spot ladybird beetles; Adalia bipunctata (L).; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), feeding upon such a herbivore was examined in the laboratory as factors possibly determining the differential abundance and success of green and red host races of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris. The experiment comprised three treatments: two host plants (bean and clover), two treatment levels (control and predation) and three colour morph levels (green alone, red alone and green and red in mixture). Green morphs had higher fitness on the general host plant, bean Vicia faba, than on the derived host, clover (Trifolium pratense), in the absence of predation. Although green morph fitness was reduced by predation when infesting bean together with reds, there was no observable net fitness loss due to predation on clover in mixed colonies with red morphs. Red morphs exhibited fitness loss alone on both bean and clover, while clover plants seemingly prevented fitness loss in the presence of predation when red morphs were mixed with green ones. According to this scenario, when colour morphs existed as a mixed colony, the net fitness of either pea aphid morph was not influenced by predation on clover. Predators had significant effects only on red morphs on broad bean either when alone or were mixed together with green morphs. Thus, only red morphs experienced the benefits of switching from the general to the derived host red clover in the presence of predation. For green morphs, there was no apparent cost of switching host plants when they faced predation. Hence, the co-existence of green-red colour polymorphism of pea aphids on single host plants appears to be maintained by the morph gaining fitness on the derived host due to a host plant– and predation–reduction effect. These findings have important implications for understanding the ecology and evolution of host switching by different colour-plant host adapted races of pea aphids.
THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF PASSION FRUIT (PASSIFLORA EDULIS SIMS): A REVIEW
Authors: CARR M. K. V. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYIt is generally accepted that the two forms of Passiflora edulis, the golden and the purple, originated on the edges of tropical rainforests in Brazil. Extensive hybridisation has since taken place between these two forms and their hybrids. The passion fruit (a vine) is now grown throughout the tropics and subtropics. A limited amount of basic, fundamental research has been published on the water relations of passion fruit. Leaf production and expansion are both sensitive to water deficits, while water stress reduces leaf and floral bud initiation. A single axillary flower bud forms at each leaf node of new growth along with a tendril. Flower bud development and fruit set are less sensitive to water stress than leaf initiation. Heavy rain during pollination prevents fertilization. Unevenness in crop distribution during the year is possibly linked to water stress and temperature variation. Potential evapotranspiration rates in Brazil varied between 3.5 mm d−1 and 5.8 mm d−1. The value for the crop coefficient increases from about 0.6 during apical vegetative growth up to about 1.25 during flowering and fruiting. Water productivities still need to be determined. Micro-sprinklers and drip are the most effective ways of applying irrigation water with precision to passion fruit. Opportunities exist for international cooperation in research projects of mutual interest on passion fruit water relations.
Reply to Redding, Rosen and Wood
Authors: Brooks Thom 
Published: April 2013

Hegel's Philosophy of Right is more than a major work of political and legal philosophy; it is a battleground for two different interpretive approaches. My Hegel's Political Philosophy: A Systematic Reading of the Philosophy of Right argues that these approaches are mistaken about their differences and that one approach offers a more compelling interpretation of Hegel's Philosophy of Right than the other. I will briefly outline my defence of the systematic reading of the Philosophy of Right before replying to the constructive criticisms raised by Redding, Rosen and Wood.There are two different interpretative approaches to understanding Hegel's Philosophy of Right. These are the metaphysical and the non-metaphysical readings. The former often highlight Hegel's insistence that some political states may be considered more ‘true’ or ‘actual’ than others. This reading also often emphasises the special place of religion in Hegel's philosophical system, for example. In contrast, the non-metaphysical reading argues that such an interpretation is not only unattractive, but perhaps even unnecessary because Hegel's views on ‘actuality’ and ‘actualization’ are less controversial than traditional metaphysical readings of Hegel's philosophy have claimed. Commentators must choose between these competing camps and interpretations of Hegel's work are conceived within these approaches. Importantly, each reading claims that its approach best captures Hegel's philosophical importance. But would Hegel endorse either the metaphysical or non-metaphysical reading?The problem is that this debate rests on a central misconception about Hegel's philosophy. The debate is characterized as a disagreement about the role and perhaps the very existence of metaphysics in Hegel's philosophy. But this is a false impression. It is virtually nowhere in doubt that metaphysics is present in Hegel's philosophy, including his Philosophy of Right. Therefore, the debate between a ‘metaphysical’ and ‘non-metaphysical’ reading of Hegel's works is not a debate about whether these works contain metaphysics. The characterization of the debate invites a false impression about what is at stake.
Hegel and Naturalism
Authors: Papazoglou Alexis 
Published: April 2013

In the recent Hegel literature there has been an effort to portray Hegel's philosophy as compatible with naturalism, or even as a form of naturalism (see for example Pippin 2008 and Pinkard 2012). Despite the attractions of such a project, there is, it seems to me, another, and potentially more interesting way of looking at the relationship of Hegel to naturalism. Instead of showing how Hegel's philosophy can be compatible with naturalism, I propose to show how Hegel's philosophy offers a challenge to naturalism. Naturalism has become the dominant ideology in much of contemporary analytic philosophy (Kim 2003: 84), but also within other disciplines. Evolutionary psychology and behavioral genetics, which attract a lot of media attention, attempt to explain the human mind and human behavior in purely naturalistic terms, usually in terms of the biological past and makeup of humans (Pinker 2002). Philosophy's task is, among other things, to examine the assumptions of human practices including its own. In that vein I am interested in showing how Hegel can be seen as someone offering a challenge to our contemporary philosophical culture and its underlying naturalist premise.Of course that Hegel never explicitly talks about naturalism in his writings already presents us with the problem of risking anachronism. The other great problem is the fact that naturalism is an elusive philosophical position. There are a few different versions of the key theses of naturalism, so that if our aim is to diagnose Hegel's philosophy as naturalist or anti-naturalist it would seem we have to pick which version of naturalism we are going to work with.
Tuberculosis infection in wildlife from the Ruaha ecosystem Tanzania: implications for wildlife, domestic animals, and human health
Authors: CLIFFORD D. L. , KAZWALA R. R. , SADIKI H. , ROUG A. , MUSE E. A. , COPPOLILLO P. C. , MAZET J. A. K. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYMycobacterium bovis, a pathogen of conservation, livestock, and public health concern, was detected in eight species of wildlife inhabiting protected areas bordering endemic livestock grazing lands. We tested tissues from 179 opportunistically sampled hunter-killed, depredation, road-killed, and live-captured wild animals, representing 30 species, in and adjacent to Ruaha National Park in south-central Tanzania. Tissue culture and PCR were used to detect 12 (8·1%)M. bovis-infected animals and 15 (10·1%) animals infected with non-tuberculosis complex mycobacteria. Kirk's dik-dik, vervet monkey, and yellow baboon were confirmed infected for the first time. TheM. bovisspoligotype isolated from infected wildlife was identical to local livestock, providing evidence for livestock–wildlife pathogen transmission. Thus we advocate an ecosystem-based approach for bovine tuberculosis management that improves critical ecological functions in protected areas and grazing lands, reduces focal population density build-up along the edges of protected areas, and minimizes ecological stressors that increase animals’ susceptibility to bovine tuberculosis.