bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration on tribological behaviours of perrhenates as potential lubricating oil additive during a wide temperature range
Authors: Wang Junhai , Liu Yang , Duan Deli , Li Shu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe perrhenates of calcium, copper and lead used as oil additive were synthesised by using the aqueous solution method. The tribological properties of these perrhenates were examined by using a ball‐on‐disc tribotester during a wide temperature range and a four‐ball testing machine at room temperature. The four‐ball test results showed that all synthesised perrhenates presented good extreme pressure property to a certain degree and demonstrated satisfactory wear resistance at room temperature. The ball‐on‐disc experiment results showed that the base oil with perrhenate additives significantly decreased friction and wear compared with pure base oil at elevated temperatures. An antifriction and low‐shear layer was verified to form on sample surface after testing under high temperature. This layer effectively prevented the direct contact of sliding surfaces and decreased the friction coefficient. The antifriction behaviour of perrhenates implied that they could be developed as the candidate of oil additives for a hybrid lubricating mode. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of MoS2morphology on wear and friction under spectrum loading conditions
Authors: Bagi Sujay D. , Aswath Pranesh B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOne of the ways by which grease is evaluated is by using a four‐ball wear test using ASTM D2266. However, actual applications may require bearings to be subjected to spectrum loading conditions. This study focuses on using ball milling to mitigate the wear from sharp edges in the MoS2particles. Two different blends of greases were formulated using MoS2in the as‐received state (unmilled) and milled MoS2; they were tested under spectrum loading conditions where the load and frequency of the tests were treated as variables. It was found that ball milling of the MoS2significantly reduces the wear under spectrum loading condition both for ramp‐up and ramp‐down conditions. It was also shown that shortening the time step for both the ramp‐up and ramp‐down cycles resulted in larger wear for unmilled MoS2particles in comparison with milled MoS2particles in grease. The milling process did not play a significant role when frequency of the test was either ramped up or down. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
So Close Yet So Far Away: The Moderating Effect of Regulatory Focus Orientation on Health Behavioral Intentions
Authors: Bui My , Krishen Anjala S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to further understand ideal self‐goals and regulatory focus orientation within the context of consumer health decisions. To do so, the present research examines the intersection of ideal weight goal progress and regulatory orientation on consumer health‐related decisions. Across two experimental studies, findings suggest that those far away from their ideal weight goals are more inclined to participate in adaptive health behaviors. The first study shows that individuals are calibrated in terms of their health goals. Specifically, when they are far away from their ideal weight, they want to eat healthier and exercise. However, their health goals are not calibrated appropriately in the presence of regulatory incongruence of individual regulatory orientation and promotion type. Specifically, prevention‐oriented individuals do not report the appropriate outcome expectation of the goal pursuit; instead, the present study finds that they do not want to increase exercise even when they are far from their health goal. Implications are provided for consumers and promotional marketing managers.
The Obesogenic Household: Factors Influencing Dietary Gatekeeper Satisfaction with Family Diet
Authors: Reid Mike , Worsley Anthony , Mavondo Felix 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe rise in obesity and its co‐morbidities has focused the attention of researchers on factors that influence the consumption of a healthy diet. Obesogenic (obesity‐promoting) environments are an important area of investigation and a significant opportunity for health interventions. In this research, we identify the home as just such an environment and argue that the dietary gatekeeper within the home has a significant influence on what a family eats and subsequently the health status of family members. We propose a model that relates dietary gatekeeper cognitions and food‐related capabilities to food acquisition and transformation practices and subsequent diet outcomes. An online survey was completed by 326 US and 323 Australian dietary gatekeepers to test the relationships in the model. Our results suggest improving dietary gatekeepers’ capabilities, including their cooking confidence and nutritional confidence, and their food acquisition and food transformation practices can have positive health benefits for gatekeepers and their families. Implications for health policymakers and food marketers are presented.
The role of ATP13A2 in Parkinson's disease: Clinical phenotypes and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Park Jin‐Sung , Blair Nicholas F. , Sue Carolyn M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe importance of ATP13A2 (PARK9) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has emerged with the discovery that mutations in this gene cause Kufor‐Rakeb syndrome, an autosomal recessive, juvenile‐onset form of parkinsonism associated with the additional clinical triad of spasticity, supranuclear gaze palsy, and dementia. Eleven independent kindreds with homozygous or compound heterozygous ATP13A2 mutations have been identified. These reports make it clear that the condition exhibits considerable clinical heterogeneity, with a spectrum of disease even among family members carrying the same mutation. The relevance of the protein in sporadic PD is demonstrated by the presence of single heterozygous ATP13A2 mutations in this group of patients and altered expression of the gene in the substantia nigra from patients with the disease. The involvement of ATP13A2 in Zn2+ homeostasis has recently been demonstrated, with the molecular consequences of this disturbance causing lysosomal impairment, α‐synuclein accumulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These discoveries provide a new understanding of the role that ATP13A2 plays in the development of PD and identify a therapeutic target that may ameliorate α‐synuclein accumulation and lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A severe congenital myasthenic syndrome with “dropped head” caused by novel MUSK mutations
Authors: Giarrana Miriam L. , Joset Pascal , Sticht Heinrich , Robb Stephanie , Steindl Katharina , Rauch Anita , Klein Andrea 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Congenital myasthenic syndromes are rare. Mutations in MUSK were first described in 2004. Thirteen patients have been reported to date, mostly with a relatively mild course. The molecular diagnosis has implications for choice of treatment and genetic counseling. Methods: Clinical course and electrophysiological, pathological, and genetic findings were assessed. Results: We describe the case of a boy with prenatal onset and severe respiratory symptoms with a persisting need for ventilation. The patient had severe bulbar symptoms, marked axial weakness causing a “dropped head,” and some facial and proximal weakness. Ophthalmoparesis developed during the first year of life. Salbutamol led to improvement, 3,4‐diaminopyridine had a modest effect, but pyridostigmine produced deterioration. Two novel mutations in MUSK were found by whole exome sequencing. Conclusions: We expand the phenotype of congenital myasthenic syndromes with MUSK mutations, describing a more severe clinical course with prenatal onset. Predominant bulbar and respiratory weakness with facial and axial weakness and ophthalmoparesis are diagnostic clues. Muscle Nerve 52: 668–673, 2015
Pre‐morbid type 2 diabetes mellitus is not a prognostic factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Paganoni Sabrina , Hyman Theodore , Shui Amy , Allred Peggy , Harms Matthew , Liu Jingxia , Maragakis Nicholas , Schoenfeld David , Yu Hong , Atassi Nazem , Cudkowicz Merit , Miller Timothy M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was to determine whether a history of pre‐morbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a prognostic factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: The relationship between DM2 and survival was analyzed in a study population consisting of 1,322 participants from 6 clinical trials. Results: Survival did not differ by diabetes status (log‐rank test, P = 0.98), but did differ by body mass index (BMI) (log‐rank test, P = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, there was no significant association between diabetes and survival (P = 0.18), but the risk of reaching a survival endpoint decreased by 4% for each unit increase in baseline BMI (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.99, P = 0.001). DM2 was less prevalent among ALS clinical trial participants than predicted. Conclusions: A history of pre‐morbid DM2 is not an independent prognostic factor in ALS clinical trial databases. The low DM2 prevalence rate should be examined in a large, prospective study to determine whether DM2 affects ALS risk. Muscle Nerve 52:339–343, 2015
The impact of primary service and servicescape on customer satisfaction in a leisure service setting: an empirical investigation among theatregoers
Authors: Jobst Johanna , Boerner Sabine 
Published: April 2015

This paper investigates the effects of perceived primary service and perceived servicescape on customer satisfaction in theatres. According to a questionnaire study, among n = 2897 theatregoers in 12 German‐speaking theatres, factors pertaining to the perceived primary service are most influential on customer satisfaction (in particular, the perceived artistic quality, followed by visitors' emotional and cognitive response to the performance). Contrariwise, factors pertaining to the perceived servicescape (i.e. seating and view; other customers' behaviour) are only of minor relevance for customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the influence of both perceived primary service quality and perceived servicescape quality on customer satisfaction is subject to moderating individual factors, such as visitors' theatrical competence and their motivation for attending a theatre performance.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reimagining Transnational Relations: the Embodied Politics of Visiting Friends and Relatives Mobilities
Authors: Humbracht Michael 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMigrant populations are often viewed in terms of alterity despite being settled members of communities. The image of migrants in many western contexts is one of being poor or ethnically and religiously different. This image in turn often frames migrants as being non‐local. However, in reality, the local is not perceived and constructed through predetermined or essentialist subjectivity but through processes of constructing and negotiating borders of identity and place that incite people to shift between subject positions of local/visitor, host/guest, or tourist/migrant. This paper problematises the rigidity of social positions that underpin images of migrant populations as the other by examining the visiting friends and relatives (or VFR) practices of migrant residents in Malmö, Sweden. Whereas many studies of VFR build on a tourism‐migration dialectic and focus on migrants, this study uses mobility politics as an analytical lens to examine both migrant residents and their friends and family. This focus sheds light on how family and friend's mobility politics are connected to the perception and construction of the local, local selves, and others. The research findings demonstrate that migrant residents are not the other but are an embedded part of the city regularly attracting visitors to the area. Furthermore, during visits, lines between host and guest, migrant and tourist, and visitor and local are blurred. Residents and visitors, guided by the rules of hospitality, attribute new embodied meanings to tourist and migrant mobilities that strengthen and bound the imaginations of residents and visitors to transnational networks. The conclusions from the study also help shed light on migrant integration and potential avenues for working with integration in the future. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond Methodological Nationalism and Epistemological Behaviouralism: Drawing Illustrations from Migrations within and from China
Authors: Xiang Biao 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMethodological nationalism takes the nation‐state as a pre‐given container of social life, and thereby treats internal and international migrations as separate matters. Epistemological behaviouralism redresses this by removing the conceptual divide between internal and international but is problematic in regarding migration as a human behaviour distinct in itself. In explaining why and how these two pitfalls need to be addressed in tandem, I first trace how these contrasting viewpoints are historically deeply intertwined. I then draw on examples from China to demonstrate that migrations should be understood as composites of actions carried out by multiple actors and institutions, which in their turn lead to and become part of other social processes. Internal and international migrations are interlinked as constituted and constitutive assemblages. In the case of China, the nation‐state is a central link between the two, and is at the same time itself reconfigured by mobilities. Instead of promoting migration as a subject matter in its own right and migration studies as a distinct field, this article seeks to turn migration into an analytical perspective to examine broad social changes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the sulfurization process of Cu2SnS3 thin films and estimation of band offsets of Cu2SnS3‐related solar cell structure
Authors: Sato Soichi , Sumi Hiroki , Shi Guannan , Sugiyama Mutsumi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe morphological and structural transition of Cu2SnS3 (CTS) thin films during sulfurization was investigated. The surface morphology and re‐evaporation of CTS films strongly depend on the sulfurization temperature. Low temperature sulfurization enables the films to be sulfurized and form CTS without re‐evaporation. Subsequently, the high‐temperature annealing improves the grain size of the CTS film. In addition, the energy band diagrams of the CTS‐related solar cell structures that use various n‐ type oxide semiconductors, such as CdS, ZnO:In2O3(IZO), ZnO, SnO2, and ZnO:SnO2(ZTO) were examined by photoelectron yield spectroscopy. The band diagrams of IZO/CTS, ZnO/CTS, SnO2/CTS, and ZTO/CTS have a TYPE‐I heterostructure known as a “spike” conduction band offset structure, essential for high‐efficiency solar cells. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The visual rhetoric of climate change
Authors: Walsh Lynda 
Published: April 2015

A unique perspective on climate‐change graphics is provided by the discipline of rhetoric, which treats these images as arguments that configure polities in specific debates over climate change. Rhetorical approaches remind us that all climate‐change arguments are political and that their effects are contingent on the time and place of their presentation. While the research in this area is new and diverse, nevertheless, some common findings emerge: that habitual ways of visualizing climate change work against, not for, effective political action; that rhetorical choices do and should underpin technical climate graphics at fundamental levels; but ironically that nonexperts, and even some experts, perpetuate the myth that climate graphics are transparent, untransformed views of nature. Rhetorical scholarship to date suggests a few paths forward through these problems toward more just, equitable, and effective public deliberation over climate‐change policy.WIREs Clim Change2015, 6:361–368. doi: 10.1002/wcc.342This article is categorized under:Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > CommunicationSocial Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and PracticeTrans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Humanities and the Creative Arts
Bringing computational models of bone regeneration to the clinic
Authors: Carlier Aurélie , Geris Liesbet , Lammens Johan , Van Oosterwyck Hans 
Published: April 2015

Although the field of bone regeneration has experienced great advancements in the last decades, integrating all the relevant, patient‐specific information into a personalized diagnosis and optimal treatment remains a challenging task due to the large number of variables that affect bone regeneration. Computational models have the potential to cope with this complexity and to improve the fundamental understanding of the bone regeneration processes as well as to predict and optimize the patient‐specific treatment strategies. However, the current use of computational models in daily orthopedic practice is very limited or inexistent. We have identified three key hurdles that limit the translation of computational models of bone regeneration from bench to bed side. First, there exists a clear mismatch between the scope of the existing and the clinically required models. Second, most computational models are confronted with limited quantitative information of insufficient quality thereby hampering the determination of patient‐specific parameter values. Third, current computational models are only corroborated with animal models, whereas a thorough (retrospective and prospective) assessment of the computational model will be crucial to convince the health care providers of the capabilities thereof. These challenges must be addressed so that computational models of bone regeneration can reach their true potential, resulting in the advancement of individualized care and reduction of the associated health care costs. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2015, 7:183–194. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1299This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Naso‐enteric Tube Placement: A Review of Methods to Confirm Tip Location, Global Applicability and Requirements
Authors: Milsom S. A. , Sweeting J. A. , Sheahan H. , Haemmerle E. , Windsor J. A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground
The insertion of a tube through the nose and into the stomach or beyond is a common clinical procedure for feeding and decompression. The safety, accuracy and reliability of tube insertion and methods used to confirm the location of the naso‐enteric tube (NET) tip have not been systematically reviewed. The aim of this study is to review and compare these methods and determine their global applicability by end‐user engagement.Methods
A systematic literature review of four major databases was performed to identify all relevant studies. The methods for NET tip localization were then compared for their accuracy with reference to a gold standard method (radiography or endoscopy). The global applicability of the different methods was analysed using a house of quality matrix.Results
After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 76 articles were selected. Limitations were found to be associated with the 20 different methods described for NET tip localization. The method with the best combined sensitivity and specificity (where n > 1) was ultrasound/sonography, followed by external magnetic guidance, electromagnetic methods and then capnography/capnometry. The top three performance criteria that were considered most important for global applicability were cost per tube/disposable, success rate and cost for non‐disposable components.ConclusionThere is no ideal method for confirming NET tip localisation. While radiography (the gold standard used for comparison) and ultrasound were the most accurate methods, they are costly and not universally available. There remains the need to develop a low‐cost, easy‐use, accurate and reliable method for NET tip localization.
Bovine Brain Region‐Specific Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturase Expression and Fatty Acid Composition
Authors: Lengi A. J. , Corl B. A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this study, we sought to determine the relationship between stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) gene isoform expression in the bovine brain and the accumulation of 18:1n‐9. Two SCD gene isoforms are found in cows—SCD1 and SCD5. Samples of six brain regions (cerebellum, frontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, midbrain, and pons) were collected from animals at four different ages (neonates, weanlings, yearlings, and adults) for mRNA isolation and fatty acid analysis. Expression of SCD1 and SCD5 mRNA was compared across age groups to determine its developmental regulation. Fatty acid composition and SCD isoform mRNA expression were compared to examine the correlation of SCD1 and SCD5 with 18:1n‐9 content in different brain regions. We found statistically significant correlations between SCD1 and SCD5 mRNA expression and the ratio of 18:1n‐9 to 18:0 across age groups, with stronger correlations observed for SCD5. Similarly, there was a significant correlation between the ratio of 18:1n‐9 to 18:0 and SCD5 mRNA expression across brain regions. SCD1 mRNA and the 18:1n‐9 to 18:0 ratio were negatively correlated in the hippocampus. There was no trend of increasing 18:1n‐9 content or SCD expression with age. Correlations indicated a stronger relationship between SCD5 mRNA expression and the 18:1n‐9 to 18:0 ratio, potentially indicating a strong contribution of the SCD5 isoform to brain 18:1n‐9 content. This is the first study examining a potential role for SCD5 in providing 18:1n‐9 for brain lipids.
Maternal High‐Fat‐Diet Programs Rat Offspring Liver Fatty Acid Metabolism
Authors: Seet Emily L. , Yee Jennifer K. , Jellyman Juanita K. , Han Guang , Ross Michael G. , Desai Mina 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn offspring exposed in utero to a maternal diet high in fat (HF), we have previously demonstrated that despite similar birth weights, HF adult offspring at 6 months of age had significantly higher body weights, greater adiposity, and increased triacylglycerol (TAG) levels as compared to controls. We hypothesized that a maternal HF diet predisposes to offspring adiposity via a programmed increase in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids in the liver and hence increased substrate availability for liver TAG synthesis. We further hypothesized that programmed changes in offspring liver fatty acid metabolism are associated with increased liver expression of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 (SCD‐1). Female rats were maintained on a HF diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) prior to and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After birth, newborns were nursed by the same dam, and all offspring were weaned to control diet. Plasma and liver fatty acid compositions were determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Fatty acid C16 desaturation indices of palmitoleic/palmitic and (vaccenic + palmitoleic)/palmitic and the C18 desaturation index of oleic/stearic were calculated. Liver protein abundance of SCD‐1 was analyzed in newborns and adult offspring. Plasma and liver C16 desaturation indices were decreased in HF newborns, but increased in the adult offspring. Liver SCD‐1 expression was increased in the HF adult offspring. These data show that the maternal HF diet during pregnancy and lactation increases offspring liver SCD‐1 protein abundance and alters the liver C16 desaturase pathway.