bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Was isst Du am liebsten?
Authors: Kröller Katja , Kröller Alexander , Warschburger Petra 
Published: April 2013

Die Präferenz für Obst und Gemüse ist der Hauptprädiktor für die langfristige Vorhersage eines gesunden Ernährungsverhaltens. Im Entwicklungsverlauf wird die Präferenzentstehung durch eine Reihe von Faktoren beeinflusst. Dabei scheint insbesondere die Familiarität eines Lebensmittels für die entsprechende Präferenz und deren Verzehr verantwortlich zu sein. Um eine möglichst frühzeitige Präferenz für Obst und Gemüse etablieren zu können, benötigen wir mehr Kenntnisse darüber, welche Faktoren diese beeinflussen. Die bisherigen Untersuchungen betrachten hierzu jedoch vor allem den Verzehr von Nahrungsmitteln und weniger die entsprechende Präferenz dafür. Sie stützen sich ferner größtenteils auf Studien zum mehrmaligen Anbieten (mere exposure) oder fokussieren auf ältere Kinder und deren Fähigkeit zur korrekten Benennung von Obst- und Gemüsesorten. Es fehlen Erkenntnisse zum Bekanntheitsgrad von Nahrungsmitteln bei jungen Kindern sowie dem entsprechenden Zusammenhang zur tatsächlichen Präferenz. Die vorliegende Studie fokussiert auf verschiedene Aspekte der Familiarität von Lebensmitteln sowie deren Beziehung zur kindlichen Präferenz. Um diese Fragestellung auch für jüngere Kinder umsetzen zu können, wurden standardisierte Fotos eingesetzt und die Präferenz durch eine computergestützte Methode unabhängig von Eltern oder Interviewer erfasst. Präsentiert werden die Ergebnisse von 213 Kindern zwischen 2 und 10 Jahren. Es zeigte sich, dass die befragten Kinder anhand der gezeigten Fotos weniger Gemüsesorten (zu 66 %) als Obstsorten und Süßigkeiten (zu jeweils 78 %) erkannten. Etwa genauso viel Gemüse wie erkannt wurde, hatten die Kinder auch bereits probiert und als schmackhaft bezeichnet (63 %). Allerdings konnten nur 48 % der Gemüsesorten auch korrekt benannt werden–eine Fähigkeit, die mit steigendem Alter der Kinder zunahm. Bezüglich der Zusammenhänge zwischen Familiarität von Gemüsesorten und ihrer Präferenz zeigten sich für alle Bekanntheitsaspekte vergleichbar hohe Zusammenhänge dahingehend, dass weniger präferierte Gemüsesorten auch seltener erkannt, bereits probiert, als schmackhaft bezeichnet und richtig benannt wurden.
Essprobleme im Kindesalter
Authors: Dyck Zoé van , Bellwald Laura , Kurz Susanne , Dremmel Daniela , Munsch Simone , Hilbert Anja 
Published: April 2013

Essstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter werden immer häufiger und eine frühzeitige Erkennung ist von großer Bedeutung. Neben den „klassischen” Essstörungen besteht eine Anzahl von Essproblemen im Kindesalter, die sich durch vermeidende oder restriktive Nahrungsaufnahme kennzeichnen und zurzeit nicht im DSM-IV Klassifikationssystem aufgeführt werden. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, das Vorkommen dieser Essprobleme in einer allgemeinen, schulbasierten Stichprobe in der Schweiz zu untersuchen und die psychometrischen Kennwerte eines kurzen Screeningfragebogens zur Erfassung vermeidend oder restriktiver Nahrungsaufnahme im Selbstbericht zu ermitteln. Es beantworteten 730 Kinder im Alter von 8 – 13 Jahren den Eating Disturbances in Childhood–Questionnaire (EDCh-Q). 29.8 % der Kinder gaben an, vermeidendes oder restriktives Essverhalten aufzuzeigen. Der EDCh-Q zeigte insgesamt gute Itemcharakteristika. Die vierfaktorielle Struktur konnte bestätigt werden, allerdings mit geringen internen Konsistenzen der Subskalen. Untergewichtige Kinder gaben häufiger an, Symptome einer Nahrungsvermeidung mit emotionaler Störung aufzuzeigen. Vermeidendes oder restriktives Essverhalten ist nicht unüblich bei Kindern im Schulalter. Der EDCh-Q ist ein diagnostisch orientierter Screeningfragebogen zur Identifizierung dieser Essprobleme in der mittleren Kindheit. Weitere Forschung ist wünschenswert zur Validierung des EDCh-Q in allgemeinen und klinischen Stichproben.
Metatranscriptomics reveal differences inin situenergy and nitrogen metabolism among hydrothermal vent snail symbionts
Authors: Sanders J G , Beinart R A , Stewart F J , Delong E F , Girguis P R 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDespite the ubiquity of chemoautotrophic symbioses at hydrothermal vents, our understanding of the influence of environmental chemistry on symbiont metabolism is limited. Transcriptomic analyses are useful for linking physiological poise to environmental conditions, but recovering samples from the deep sea is challenging, as the long recovery times can change expression profiles before preservation. Here, we present a novel, in situ RNA sampling and preservation device, which we used to compare the symbiont metatranscriptomes associated with Alviniconcha, a genus of vent snail, in which specific host–symbiont combinations are predictably distributed across a regional geochemical gradient. Metatranscriptomes of these symbionts reveal key differences in energy and nitrogen metabolism relating to both environmental chemistry (that is, the relative expression of genes) and symbiont phylogeny (that is, the specific pathways employed). Unexpectedly, dramatic differences in expression of transposases and flagellar genes suggest that different symbiont types may also have distinct life histories. These data further our understanding of these symbionts’ metabolic capabilities and their expression in situ, and suggest an important role for symbionts in mediating their hosts’ interaction with regional-scale differences in geochemistry.
Oxygen-dependent niche formation of a pyrite-dependent acidophilic consortium built by archaea and bacteria
Authors: Ziegler Sibylle , Dolch Kerstin , Geiger Katharina , Krause Susanne , Asskamp Maximilian , Eusterhues Karin , Kriews Michael , Wilhelms-Dick Dorothee , Goettlicher Joerg , Majzlan Juraj , Gescher Johannes 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Biofilms can provide a number of different ecological niches for microorganisms. Here, a multispecies biofilm was studied in which pyrite-oxidizing microbes are the primary producers. Its stability allowed not only detailed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based characterization of the microbial population in different areas of the biofilm but also to integrate these results with oxygen and pH microsensor measurements conducted before. The O2 concentration declined rapidly from the outside to the inside of the biofilm. Hence, part of the population lives under microoxic or anoxic conditions. Leptospirillum ferrooxidans strains dominate the microbial population but are only located in the oxic periphery of the snottite structure. Interestingly, archaea were identified only in the anoxic parts of the biofilm. The archaeal community consists mainly of so far uncultured Thermoplasmatales as well as novel ARMAN (Archaeal Richmond Mine Acidophilic Nanoorganism) species. Inductively coupled plasma analysis and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra provide further insight in the biofilm characteristics but revealed no other major factors than oxygen affecting the distribution of bacteria and archaea. In addition to catalyzed reporter deposition FISH and oxygen microsensor measurements, microautoradiographic FISH was used to identify areas in which active CO2 fixation takes place. Leptospirilla as well as acidithiobacilli were identified as primary producers. Fixation of gaseous CO2 seems to proceed only in the outer rim of the snottite. Archaea inhabiting the snottite core do not seem to contribute to the primary production. This work gives insight in the ecological niches of acidophilic microorganisms and their role in a consortium. The data provided the basis for the enrichment of uncultured archaea.
Metagenomic insights into strategies of carbon conservation and unusual sulfur biogeochemistry in a hypersaline Antarctic lake
Authors: Yau Sheree , Lauro Federico M , Williams Timothy J , DeMaere Matthew Z , Brown Mark V , Rich John , Gibson John A E , Cavicchioli Ricardo 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Organic Lake is a shallow, marine-derived hypersaline lake in the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica that has the highest reported concentration of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in a natural body of water. To determine the composition and functional potential of the microbial community and learn about the unusual sulfur chemistry in Organic Lake, shotgun metagenomics was performed on size-fractionated samples collected along a depth profile. Eucaryal phytoflagellates were the main photosynthetic organisms. Bacteria were dominated by the globally distributed heterotrophic taxa Marinobacter, Roseovarius and Psychroflexus. The dominance of heterotrophic degradation, coupled with low fixation potential, indicates possible net carbon loss. However, abundant marker genes for aerobic anoxygenic phototrophy, sulfur oxidation, rhodopsins and CO oxidation were also linked to the dominant heterotrophic bacteria, and indicate the use of photo- and lithoheterotrophy as mechanisms for conserving organic carbon. Similarly, a high genetic potential for the recycling of nitrogen compounds likely functions to retain fixed nitrogen in the lake. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) lyase genes were abundant, indicating that DMSP is a significant carbon and energy source. Unlike marine environments, DMSP demethylases were less abundant, indicating that DMSP cleavage is the likely source of high DMS concentration. DMSP cleavage, carbon mixotrophy (photoheterotrophy and lithoheterotrophy) and nitrogen remineralization by dominant Organic Lake bacteria are potentially important adaptations to nutrient constraints. In particular, carbon mixotrophy relieves the extent of carbon oxidation for energy production, allowing more carbon to be used for biosynthetic processes. The study sheds light on how the microbial community has adapted to this unique Antarctic lake environment.
‘Like an Apparition’: Oriental Ghosting in Flaubert’s
Éducation sentimentale
Authors: Yee Jennifer 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

This article looks at intratextual echoes, within Flaubert's 1869
Éducation sentimentale
, of his earlier novel
Salammbô
(1862) and the various accounts of his voyage in Egypt between 1849 and 1851 (including his notes and letters, and published accounts by his travel companion Maxime Du Camp). The manuscripts of
L'Éducation sentimentale
also reveal traces, later removed, of these earlier texts. Flaubert employs imagery associated with two Oriental women — the Egyptian courtesan Kuchouk-Hânem, and the fictive Salammbô herself — in building up the figure of Madame Arnoux. These recurrences predominantly concern feminine dress and accessories, as well as a certain angle of view in which the woman is seen from below, but this can be regarded as deliberate textual fetishism rather than the unconscious sexual fetishism that earlier critics have tended to emphasize. These parallels are matched by the deliberately encrypted presence, within
L'Éducation sentimentale
, of Flaubert's Oriental travel companion Du Camp, in the form of Monsieur Arnoux. Flaubert uses the character of Arnoux not only to settle old scores but, more importantly, as part of his own polemical attack on socially engaged art and on the industrialization of the work of art.
Effect of Extrusion Conditions on Pasting Behavior and Microstructure of Refabricated Rice: A Response Surface Analysis
Authors: Hussain Syed Zameer , Singh Baljit 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe effects of moisture, screw speed, and barrel temperature on pasting behavior of refabricated rice grains were investigated in a corotating twin‐screw extruder with response surface methodology. The rice flour obtained from broken rice (≤1/8 of actual kernel size) of PR‐116 variety was used in the study. The screw speed was set at five levels between 49 and 150 rpm, barrel temperature between 59 and 110°C, and feed moisture between 31 and 45%. All pasting properties of refabricated grains evaluated—peak viscosity, hold viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, and setback viscosity—were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by the three process variables. Barrel temperature was the most significant variable, with quadratic effect on all viscosity parameters. Response surface regression models were established to correlate the viscosity profile of refabricated rice grains to the process variables. The optimum moisture content, screw speed, and barrel temperature estimated by a response surface of desirability function for the production of refabricated rice were 36%, 130 rpm, and 89.5°C, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy also revealed that intermediate moisture and temperature along with high screw speed during extrusion could create a more realistic appearance of refabricated rice with less rupture of starch granules.
Extended treatment with peginterferon α‐2a in combination with lamivudine or adefovir for 96 weeks yields high rates of HBeAg and HBsAg seroconversion
Authors: Cao Zhen Huan , Ma Li Na , Zhang Hong Wei , Liu Ya Li , Chen Xin Yue 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of peginterferon α‐2a (PEG IFNα‐2a) in combination with lamivudine or adefovir in the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB).MethodsIn total, 47 patients with HBeAg‐positive CHB received either PEG IFNα‐2a (135 μg once weekly) plus lamivudine (100 mg daily) or adefovir (10 mg daily). All patients completed 96 weeks of therapy and were followed up for a further 24 weeks.ResultsBaseline characteristics and treatment efficacy of the two groups were similar. All patients achieved hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA <500 copies/mL at 96 weeks, and none had a virological rebound after stopping the therapy. The rate of HBeAg seroconversion was 46.8% at 48 weeks, increased to 74.5% at 96 weeks, and kept at 72.3% at 120 weeks. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion rate was 6.4% at 48 weeks, increased to 21.3% at 96 weeks, and kept at 27.7% at 120 weeks.ConclusionsExtended treatment with PEG IFNα‐2a with lamivudine or adefovir for 96 weeks is a promising strategy to achieve high rates of sustainable HBeAg and HBsAg seroconversion and HBV DNA suppression in patients with HBeAg‐positive CHB.
A simulation module in the computer programcolonyfor sibship and parentage analysis
Authors: Wang Jinliang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA simulation module is built into the software packagecolonyto simulate marker genotype data of individuals with a predefined parentage and sibship structure. The simulated data can then be used to compare the accuracy, robustness and computational efficiency of different methods for sibship and parentage reconstruction, to examine the impact of different parameter options in a software on its accuracy and computational efficiency and to assess the information sufficiency of a given set of markers for a sibship and parentage analysis. This computer note describes the method used for simulating genotype data with a pedigree and its possible applications. The method can quickly generate genotype data for a one‐ or two‐generation pedigree of virtually any complexity with up to 30k offspring, at up to 30k codominant or dominant loci with an arbitrary degree of linkage and a user‐defined mistyping rate. The data can be fed directly into thecolonyprogram for analysis by three sibship and parentage reconstruction methods and can also be imported into other programs such as Excel and R. With slight modification, the data can be analysed by other relationship analysis software.
Of contigs and quagmires: next‐generation sequencing pitfalls associated with transcriptomic studies
Authors: DeWoody J. Andrew , Abts Kendra C. , Fahey Anna L. , Ji Yanzhu , Kimble Steven J. A. , Marra Nicholas J. , Wijayawardena Bhagya K. , Willoughby Janna R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMolecular ecologists have good reasons to be excited about the newest DNA/RNA sequencing technologies. However, this exuberance should be tempered with a hefty dose of reality: new sequencing technologies come with significant new challenges. Herein, we offer a brief overview of some practical problems encountered during transcriptomics studies conducted in our laboratory, and of nontrivial issues that prospective practitioners should consider. These include template contamination (e.g. from xenobiotics) and the cutting‐room floor problem, whereby most of the data are often unassembled, unannotated and unused. We also highlight computational requirements, including hardware, personnel time and associated skill sets. We are very optimistic about the future of molecular ecology, but we hope this cautionary overview will help neophytes better recognize some key challenges associated with new technologies.
Early Cenozoic Tectonics of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhenhan WU , Daogong HU , Peisheng YE , Zhonghai WU 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:Geological mapping at a scale of 1:250000 coupled with related researches in recent years reveal well Early Cenozoic paleo‐tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Marine deposits and foraminifera assemblages indicate that the Tethys‐Himalaya Ocean and the Southwest Tarim Sea existed in the south and north of the Tibetan Plateau, respectively, in Paleocene‐Eocene. The paleo‐oceanic plate between the Indian continental plate and the Lhasa block had been as wide as 900km at beginning of the Cenozoic Era. Late Paleocene transgressions of the paleo‐sea led to the formation of paleo‐bays in the southern Lhasa block. Northward subduction of the Tethys‐Himalaya Oceanic Plate caused magma emplacement and volcanic eruptions of the Linzizong Group in 64.5–44.3 Ma, which formed the Paleocene‐Eocene Gangdise Magmatic Arc in the north of Yalung‐Zangbu Suture (YZS), accompanied by intensive thrust in the Lhasa, Qiangtang, Hoh Xil and Kunlun blocks. The Paleocene‐Eocene depression of basins reached to a depth of 3500–4800 m along major thrust faults and 680–850 m along the boundary normal faults in central Tibetan Plateau, and the Paleocene‐Eocene depression of the Tarim and Qaidam basins without evident contractions were only as deep as 300–580 m and 600–830 m, respectively, far away from central Tibetan Plateau. Low elevation plains formed in the southern continental margin of the Tethy‐Himalaya Ocean, the central Tibet and the Tarim basin in Paleocene‐Early Eocene. The Tibetan Plateau and Himalaya Mts. mainly uplifted after the Indian‐Eurasian continental collision in Early‐Middle Eocene.
Advances, Problems and Prospects of Modern Geodesy Applied in Tibetan Geodynamic Changes
Authors: Wenke SUN , Xin ZHOU 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:Modern geodetic techniques have developed rapidly in recent years, providing reliable observation data and new effective approaches, and greatly enhancing studies of the Tibetan geodynamics. For instance, the well‐known GPS technique has been employed to measure seismic slips for many faults in the Tibetan Plateau. GPS data agree well with the hypothesis of a thickening crust and eastward mass flow. Moreover, absolute gravimetric data have been applied to interpret geophysical phenomena such as crust movement, co‐seismic gravity change, GIA, and ground water change. The satellite gravity mission GRACE launched in 2002 provided global gravity models with unprecedentedly high precision and high spatial resolution. It has been used in implementing temporal gravity changes and improving our knowledge of the Earth's interior, including lithosphere dynamics, mantle viscosity and rheology, plateau uplift, and subduction processing. It is noteworthy that gravity presents unique advantages for the study of Tibetan geodynamics because of its sensitivity to mass migration and dynamic redistribution. To date, great advances have been made in applying modern geodetic data in studying dynamic changes of Tibetan plateau. For instance, the horizontal displacement field from GPS data revealed dynamical characteristics of the present‐day Tibetan plateau. The combination of gravity anomalies and topographic data describe the tectonic characteristics of Tibetan plateau. The combination of gravity data and GPS data show present properties of the Tibetan plateau such as crust thickening, Moho's subsidence, and plateau uplift. GRACE data were used to estimate the distribution of ice/snow melting. These results demonstrate that mere application of integrated geodetic data as well as geophysical methods and numerical simulations can enhance our knowledge of Tibetan plateau dynamics. It must be pointed out that GRACE data include various geophysical signals such as crust vertical movement, denudation, ice and snow melting, GIA, ground water change, and permafrost degradation. To separate the tectonic information from other impulses, each physical signal must be evaluated and corrected carefully from the GRACE data. The Tibetan geodynamic problem is a complicated and synthetic issue that must be addressed through collaboration of workers in many fields. Succinctly put, although great achievements have been made in studying Tibetan plateau dynamics from each field, the dynamical process remains unclear. Some fundamental problems remain unresolved. They should be solved with modern geodetic data, such as GRACE, GPS, and absolute gravity data, combined with meteorological and geological data, for quantitative analysis of Tibetan plateau dynamics affected by respective geophysical sources. This review article introduces and discusses the scientific importance, advances, problems, and prospects of modern geodesy applied to the study of geodynamic changes of the Tibetan plateau.