bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Modern Clinical Neuroimager: Leading the Next Generation in Stroke
Authors: Liebeskind David S. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe recent culmination of imaging‐endowed endovascular stroke trials has decisively proven the utility of clinically relevant neuroimaging in improving the outcome of patients with potentially debilitating neurological disorders. These large multicenter trials conducted across several continents notably utilized a variety of multimodal CT/MRI modalities to rapidly identify a favorable collateral profile that presages clinically beneficial revascularization. The modern clinical neuroimager may accelerate complex decision‐making through the rational use of a variety of imaging modalities and an active feedback loop of imaging at the bedside. The modern clinical neuroimager is often the initial care provider for a wide range or type of stroke patients from hemorrhage to ischemia, armed with the incredibly important aspects of clinical history and examination findings and best poised to utilize imaging to guide therapy from acute stroke to recovery and prevention. The next generation in stroke should not exclusively focus on whether to order a CT or MRI counting minutes at the bedside, but actively and efficiently integrate the vast wealth of information available when imaging is used in the proper clinical context. The novel endovascular era in stroke provides an ideal venue for the synergistic goals of translating research advances, improving patient outcomes and ongoing education as a modern neuroimager.
The key role of shared participation in changing occupational self‐efficacy through stress management courses
Authors: Füllemann Désirée , Jenny Gregor J. , Brauchli Rebecca , Bauer Georg F. 
Published: May 2015

This study is the first that longitudinally examined change in occupational self‐efficacy (OSE) through individual and shared participation in occupational stress management courses (SMC). Applying the framework of social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986, Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice‐Hall), we assumed that participation in SMC facilitates OSE perceptions. We further assumed that the psychosocial environment promotes change in OSE through high shared participation (reach) in SMC within work groups. Comparing participants and non‐participants, we conducted growth analyses with three waves of data nested in n = 545 employees further nested in 97 work groups. The results showed that individual participation in SMC alone was insufficient to enhance OSE, a combination of individual and high shared participation being needed to significantly enhance OSE perceptions over a period of 2 years. The results are discussed with reference to specificity issues and the role of the psychosocial environment by applying social identity theory and the notion of shared mental models. We conclude by recommending SMC as a feasible intervention to enhance OSE in heterogeneous occupational contexts – if a majority of work group members can be involved.Practitioner points

The study recommends stress management courses for enhancing occupational self‐efficacy as a short and relatively low‐cost intervention that is feasible to implement in various occupational and organizational contexts.

The key point here is that a majority of work group members are encouraged to engage in courses to obtain the beneficial effects on change in occupational self‐efficacy.
Rural Healthy People 2020: New Decade, Same Challenges
Authors: Bolin Jane N. , Bellamy Gail R. , Ferdinand Alva O. , Vuong Ann M. , Kash Bita A. , Schulze Avery , Helduser Janet W. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeThe health of rural America is more important than ever to the health of the United States and the world. Rural Healthy People 2020's goal is to serve as a counterpart to Healthy People 2020, providing evidence of rural stakeholders’ assessment of rural health priorities and allowing national and state rural stakeholders to reflect on and measure progress in meeting those goals. The specific aim of the Rural Healthy People 2020 national survey was to identify rural health priorities from among the Healthy People 2020's (HP2020) national priorities.MethodsRural health stakeholders (n = 1,214) responded to a nationally disseminated web survey soliciting identification of the top 10 rural health priorities from among the HP2020 priorities. Stakeholders were also asked to identify objectives within each national HP2020 priority and express concerns or additional responses.Findings and ConclusionsRural health priorities have changed little in the last decade. Access to health care continues to be the most frequently identified rural health priority. Within this priority, emergency services, primary care, and insurance generate the most concern. A total of 926 respondents identified access as the no. 1 rural health priority, followed by, no. 2 nutrition and weight status (n = 661), no. 3 diabetes (n = 660), no. 4 mental health and mental disorders (n = 651), no. 5 substance abuse (n = 551), no. 6 heart disease and stroke (n = 550), no. 7 physical activity and health (n = 542), no. 8 older adults (n = 482), no. 9 maternal infant and child health (n = 449), and no. 10 tobacco use (n = 429).
Influence of Healthy Sweeteners (Tagatose and Oligofructose) on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Orange Marmalade
Authors: Rubio‐Arraez Susana , Sahuquillo Sergio , Capella Juan Vicente , Ortolá María Dolores , Castelló María Luisa 
Published: May 2015

AbstractToday's society shows a growing interest in healthy, safe and high nutritional quality food. Thus, in this paper sweet orange marmalades have been developed using healthy sweeteners (tagatose and oligofructose) in different proportions. Analyses of Brix, pH, moisture, water activity, antioxidant capacity, optical and rheological properties have been carried out, initially and after 45 days of storage. Microbiological analyses have also been performed to determine their stability. Furthermore, a sensorial assessment has been conducted to find out acceptance of these new orange marmalades by consumers. The results showed that the highest proportion of oligofructose contributed to improve the initial antioxidant capacity of marmalades. The marmalade with the same proportions of oligofructose and tagatose was more consistent and showed a further increase in the elastic component over time. All marmalades had a similar appearance, but oligofructose reduced L*. Finally, orange marmalades made with healthy sweeteners were better scored.Practical ApplicationsThe development of new healthier marmalades offers new alternatives to the conventional ones not only to prevent caries and obesity but also to provide functional features associated with the use of tagatose and oligofructose as sweeteners. However, not always it is possible to replace traditional components by others and that is why it is so important to assess their technological influence. In this study, the viability of the use of both sweeteners to prepare orange marmalades has been checked.
Infantile Hemangioma: Clinical Characteristics and Efficacy of Treatment with the Long‐Pulsed 1,064‐nm Neodymium‐Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser in 794 Chinese Patients
Authors: Zhong Shu‐xia , Tao Yu‐chun , Zhou Jun‐feng , Liu Yuan‐yuan , Yao Lei , Li Shan‐shan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of infantile hemangiomas (IHs) and the safety and efficacy of the long‐pulse 1,064‐nm neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser for definitive treatment of IHs in 794 Chinese patients.MethodsInfants with hemangiomas who had received long‐pulse 1,064‐nm Nd:YAG laser treatment in our department in the last 5 years were recruited. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded and outcomes of long‐pulse 1,064‐nm Nd:YAG laser treatment were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed to identify factors that affected the efficacy of treatment.ResultsThe efficacy of long‐pulse 1,064‐nm Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of IHs in all patients in our study was 87.57%. Efficacy did not depend on sex or the location of the lesion. Older age and superficial hemangioma were the primary factors contributing to greater efficacy of long‐pulse 1,064‐nm Nd:YAG laser treatment for IHs. The most common side effects were pigment changes, skin atrophy, and wrinkled redundant skin, which usually resolved spontaneously within 1 to 3 years.ConclusionsLong‐pulse 1,064‐nm Nd:YAG laser is a safe and efficacious treatment for IHs.
Prepubertal‐Onset Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: The Importance of Maintenance Therapy in Long‐Term Outcomes
Authors: Ellis Elizabeth , Fischer Gayle 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is sufficient published data on induction treatment with potent topical corticosteroid (TCS) in childhood vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) but limited data on long‐term management. VLS has been shown to extend beyond menarche and repercussions of suboptimal long‐term control may be devastating and permanent. This single‐center retrospective study reviewed outcomes of long‐term treatment using individualized regimens with target outcome of complete objective normality.MethodsForty‐six girls with prepubertal‐onset VLS were studied for demographic data, previous treatment, induction and maintenance treatment, clinical response and compliance. Photographic records were available for all patients. The cohort was divided into two groups: adherent (using treatment all or most of the time) and non‐adherent (using treatment some or less of the time).ResultsTwenty‐six patients (56%) had received prior treatment however only three had achieved disease control using daily potent TCS. Twelve patients (26%) had scarring on presentation. All achieved initial objective disease suppression with induction treatment using potent TCS. Thirty‐one of 33 adherent patients (93.93%) sustained complete disease remission with no progression or scarring. In contrast, 1 of the 13 nonadherent patients (8%) achieved complete disease remission (p < 0.001), 9 of the 13 (69.23%) experienced disease progression (p < 0.001) and 3 of the 13 (23%) developed scarring during follow‐up. Those with established scarring on presentation did not recover with treatment.ConclusionOur data support previous studies regarding initial treatment with potent TCS but additionally suggest maintenance treatment with individualized regimens that achieve objective normality in addition to symptom control provide optimal outcomes.
Electroclinical features of epileptic encephalopathy caused by SCN8A mutation
Authors: Takahashi Satoru , Yamamoto Shiho , Okayama Akie , Araki Akiko , Saitsu Hirotomo , Matsumoto Naomichi , Azuma Hiroshi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractVoltage‐gated sodium channel Nav1.6, encoded by the gene SCN8A, plays a crucial role in controlling neuronal excitability. SCN8A mutations that cause increased channel activity are associated with seizures. We describe a patient with epileptic encephalopathy caused by de novo SCN8A mutation (c.5614C>T, p.Arg1872Trp). Seizures began 10 days after birth at which time brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) were normal. Seizure recurrence increased with age, leading to the development of frequent status epilepticus from 1 year of age. Seizure type included generalized tonic seizures and focal motor seizures. EEG first showed focal epileptic activity at the age of 4 months, and thereafter showed multifocal spikes. Serial MRI demonstrated brain atrophy, which appeared to progress with seizure aggravation. Clinical features that may give a clue to the diagnosis include normal EEG despite frequent seizures in early infancy and an increase in epileptic activity that occurs with aging.
Meta‐analysis of digital game and study characteristics eliciting physiological stress responses
Authors: van der Vijgh Benny , Beun Robbert‐Jan , Van Rood Maarten , Werkhoven Peter 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDigital games have been used as stressors in a range of disciplines for decades. Nonetheless, the underlying characteristics of these stressors and the study in which the stressor was applied are generally not recognized for their moderating effect on the measured physiological stress responses. We have therefore conducted a meta‐analysis that analyzes the effects of characteristics of digital game stressors and study design on heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, in studies carried out from 1976 to 2012. In order to assess the differing quality between study designs, a new scale is developed and presented, coined reliability of effect size. The results show specific and consistent moderating functions of both game and study characteristics, on average accounting for around 43%, and in certain cases up to 57% of the variance found in physiological stress responses. Possible cognitive and physiological processes underlying these moderating functions are discussed, and a new model integrating these processes with the moderating functions is presented. These findings indicate that a digital game stressor does not act as a stressor by virtue of being a game, but rather derives its stressor function from its characteristics and the methodology in which it is used. This finding, together with the size of the associated moderations, indicates the need for a standardization of digital game stressors.
Effects of environmental and farm stress on abalone physiology: perspectives for abalone aquaculture in the face of global climate change
Authors: Morash Andrea J. , Alter Katharina 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMany abalone farms are reliant on coastal water inputs which are subject to fluctuations in environmental variables such as temperature, oxygen, CO2 and salinity. Near future climate change scenarios predict that there will be more frequent extreme weather events which can exacerbate these fluctuations and potentially be deleterious to farmed abalone where these variables remain largely uncontrolled. In this review, we have taken an in depth examination of current literature on the effects of environmental stress on abalone physiology and metabolism and how this affects their health and growth. In conjunction, we have also reviewed the effects of farm‐specific stressors such as ammonia, stocking density, handling, nutrition and disease and the synergistic effects of these and environmental stressors on abalone physiology. We have identified currents gaps in our knowledge of this under‐studied species and have made predictions on the effects of climate change on future abalone production with suggestions for future research. In summary, it is expected that abalone will show reduced growth rates as more energy is invested in combating stresses rather than growth. Furthermore, disease outbreaks may become more frequent with greater fluctuations in temperature and salinity, both of which have large‐scale effects on immunity. The current body of knowledge is mainly on whole animal effects of stresses, but we know very little of their mechanistic foundation. Research in this area as well as investments in infrastructure will be pivotal in identifying and implementing strategic interventions to maintain a sustainable abalone industry in Australia.
Automated isolation of primary antigen‐specific T cells from donor lymphocyte concentrates: results of a feasibility exercise
Authors: Bunos M. , Hümmer C. , Wingenfeld E. , Sorg N. , Pfirrmann V. , Bader P. , Seifried E. , Bönig H. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundThe safety and clinical efficacy of adoptive transfer of prospectively isolated antigen‐specific T cells are well established. Several competing selection methods are available, one of which is based on immunomagnetic enrichment of T cells secreting IFNγ after incubation with the relevant antigen. The proprietary, GMP‐conforming selection technology, called ‘cytokine capture system’ (CCS) is established in many laboratories for the CliniMACS Plus system. It is robust and efficient, but labour‐intensive and incompatible with a single‐shift working schedule. An automatic immunomagnetic cell processing system, CliniMACS Prodigy (‘Prodigy’), including a protocol for fully automatic CCS execution was recently released.Material and methodsFeasibility of clinical‐scale CMV‐specific T‐cell selection using Prodigy was evaluated using leukoapheresis products from five healthy CMV sero‐positive volunteers. Clinical reagents and consumables were used throughout.ResultsThe process required no operator input beyond set‐up and QC‐sample collection, that is, feasibility was given. An IFNγ‐secreting target T‐cell population was detectable after stimulation, and >2 log‐scale relative depletion of not CMV‐reactive T cells in the target population was achieved. Purity, that is the frequency of CMV‐reactive T cells among all CD3+ cells ranged between 64 and 93%.ConclusionThe CCS protocol on Prodigy is unrestrictedly functional. It runs fully automatically beyond set‐up and thus markedly reduces labour. The quality of the products generated is similar to products generated with CliniMACS Plus. The automatic system is thus suitable for routine clinical application.
Groundwater salinisation on atoll islands after storm‐surge flooding: modelling the influence of central topographic depressions
Authors: Chui Ting Fong May , Terry James P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFresh groundwater lenses (FGLs) are of utmost importance for human survival on small and isolated atolls. This article examines saline damage to atoll FGLs from wave washover caused by storm surge and studies the particular influence of central topographic depressions (CTDs). We model storm surge over atoll islets of contrasting widths (400 and 800 m), both with and without CTDs of various sizes. Three key findings emerge. First, under equilibrium undisturbed conditions, the CTD slightly reduces the size of the FGL compared to atoll islets without this feature. Second, during marine flooding, prior saturated conditions at the base of a CTD impede seawater infiltration into the substrate, thereby limiting saline damage in that location. Third and most crucial, however, the amount of salt accumulated within the CTD is significant, ranging from 2 to 10 times higher than the net subsurface infiltration during the period of the storm inundation.
Experimental hepatocyte xenotransplantation—a comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Zhou Huidong , Liu Hong , Ezzelarab Mohamed , Schmelzer Eva , Wang Yi , Gerlach Jörg , Gridelli Bruno , Cooper David K. C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHepatocyte transplantation (Tx) is a potential therapy for certain diseases of the liver, including hepatic failure. However, there is a limited supply of human livers as a source of cells and, after isolation, human hepatocytes can be difficult to expand in culture, limiting the number available for Tx. Hepatocytes from other species, for example, the pig, have therefore emerged as a potential alternative source. We searched the literature through the end of 2014 to assess the current status of experimental research into hepatocyte xenoTx. The literature search identified 51 reports of in vivo cross‐species Tx of hepatocytes in a variety of experimental models. Most studies investigated the Tx of human (n = 23) or pig (n = 19) hepatocytes. No studies explored hepatocytes from genetically engineered pigs. The spleen was the most common site of Tx (n = 23), followed by the liver (through the portal vein [n = 6]) and peritoneal cavity (n = 19). In 47 studies (92%), there was evidence of hepatocyte engraftment and function across a species barrier. The data provided by this literature search strengthen the hypothesis that xenoTx of hepatocytes is feasible and potentially successful as a clinical therapy for certain liver diseases, including hepatic failure. By excluding vascular structures, hepatocytes isolated from genetically engineered pig livers may address some of the immunological problems of xenoTx.
Adhesion and friction in mesoscopic graphite contacts
Authors: Koren Elad , Lörtscher Emanuel , Rawlings Colin , Knoll Armin W. , Duerig Urs 
Published: May 2015

Using friction to guide fabricationUltralow friction found in certain layered materials such as graphite is important in the construction of nanomechanical devices. Korenet al.combined measurements and modeling to characterize the interaction of sliding graphite planes (see the Perspective by Liechti). This helped them to make small graphite devices that featured rotational pivots and multiple locking positions.Science, this issue p.679
Cross-Reactivity, Epitope Spreading, andDe NovoImmune Stimulation Are Possible Mechanisms of Cross-Protection of Nonvaccine Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Types in Recipients of HPV Therapeutic Vaccines
Authors: Nakagawa Mayumi , Greenfield William , Moerman-Herzog Andrea , Coleman Hannah N. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTNumerous versions of human papillomavirus (HPV) therapeutic vaccines designed to treat individuals with established HPV infection, including those with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), are in development because approved prophylactic vaccines are not effective once HPV infection is established. As human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) is the most commonly detected type worldwide, all versions of HPV therapeutic vaccines contain HPV-16, and some also contain HPV-18. While these two HPV types are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases, there are other high-risk HPV types known to cause malignancy. Therefore, it would be of interest to assess whether these HPV therapeutic vaccines may confer cross-protection against other high-risk HPV types. Data available from a few clinical trials that enrolled subjects with CINs regardless of the HPV type(s) present demonstrated clinical responses, as measured by CIN regression, in subjects with both vaccine-matched and nonvaccine HPV types. The currently available evidence demonstrating cross-reactivity, epitope spreading, andde novoimmune stimulation as possible mechanisms of cross-protection conferred by investigational HPV therapeutic vaccines is discussed.
Regulation of Latent Membrane Protein 1 Signaling through Interaction with Cytoskeletal Proteins
Authors: Holthusen Kirsten , Talaty Pooja , Everly David N. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induces constitutive signaling in EBV-infected cells to ensure the survival of the latently infected cells. LMP1 is localized to lipid raft domains to induce signaling. In the present study, a genome-wide screen based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) was performed to identify LMP1-binding proteins. Several actin cytoskeleton-associated proteins were identified in the screen. Overexpression of these proteins affected LMP1-induced signaling. BiFC between the identified proteins and LMP1 was localized to lipid raft domains and was dependent on LMP1-induced signaling. Proximity biotinylation assays with LMP1 induced biotinylation of the actin-associated proteins, which were shifted in molecular mass. Together, the findings of this study suggest that the association of LMP1 with lipid rafts is mediated at least in part through interactions with the actin cytoskeleton.

IMPORTANCE
LMP1 signaling requires oligomerization, lipid raft partitioning, and binding to cellular adaptors. The current study utilized a genome-wide screen to identify several actin-associated proteins as candidate LMP1-binding proteins. The interaction between LMP1 and these proteins was localized to lipid rafts and dependent on LMP1 signaling. This suggests that the association of LMP1 with lipid rafts is mediated through interactions with actin-associated proteins.