bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A TRANSFORMAÇÃO JURÍDICA NA ÓTICA DA FILOSOFIA TRANSMODERNA: A LEGITIMIDADE DOS NOVOS DIREITOS
Authors: Ludwig Celso 
Published: October 2014

A transformação jurídica ocorre de diversas maneiras, como atestam os processos históricos de produção do Direito. A argumentação parte do explícito princípio crítico da obrigação de produzir, reproduzir e desenvolver a vida humana concreta de cada sujeito em comunidade. A vida humana, na condição de critério-fonte, não aparece no nível bem abstrato, não como um direito, mas com o fonte de todos os direitos. Propõe-se o tema da transformação jurídica, a partir da premissa de uma fundamentação principiológica, não-metafísica, que encontra no campo ético o primeiro grau de abstração com os princípios éticos implícitose em grau menos abstrato encontra o campo político, também com princípios políticos implícitos, e que metodologicamente subsume o nível anterior, para por fim situar o campo jurídico, que é visto no nível dos princípios universais e abstratos; no nível particular das mediações sistêmicas e no nível da ação concreta. A partir desses níveis, a reflexão sobre a transformação do direito ante os novos direitos é encaminhada. Ao final, pretende-se definir a dupla função do Direito: de um lado, sua função é de conservar a vida onde ela está afirmada; e de outro, a função é de transformar onde a vida está negada, na ótica de uma racionalidade jurídica libertadora.
DEMOCRACIA DELIBERATIVA: A RECUPERAÇÃO DO COMPONENTE MORAL NA ESFERA PÚBLICA
Authors: Kozicki Katya 
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste texto é o de discutir a democracia deliberativa, na sua noção moderna (e problemática), buscando explicitar as possibilidades e os limites desta matriz teórica. A deliberação, entendida como um método para a tomada de decisão assenta-se na idéia de um livre debate a ser realizado entre cidadãos livres, iguais e racionais, para a obtenção de um resultado com o qual todos possam concordar, uma vez que todos serão por ele afetados.
PROPRIEDADE INTELECTUAL - A VIDA E O CONHECIMENTO A SERVIÇO DO MERCADO
Authors: Dos Santos Anderson Marcos 
Published: October 2014

A propriedade intelectual foi construída na modernidade como direito subjetivopara proteger o autor e propiciar o desenvolvimento econômico, tecnológico, social e cultural dos povos. Da mesma forma, a tecnociência apresenta-se como elemento propulsor de um novo tempo, que promete vida longa e mais saudável. Porém, a associação entre a lógica de mercado e uma racionalidade puramente instrumental da biotecnologia podem levar o Direito, por meio do sistema internacional de patentes, estabelecido pelo Acordo Trips, a transformar-se,de protetor, em instrumento de colonização dos saberes e de reificação do humano.
A GLOBALIZAÇÃO E O ESTADO-NAÇÃO: RUMO À PÓS-MODERNIDADE E AO ESTADO COSMOPOLITA?
Authors: Hartmann Érica De Oliveira , Borges Guilherme Roman 
Published: October 2014

O presente artigo analisa a crise enfrentada pelo Estado-nação diante da novarealidade mundial trazida sobretudo pela globalização. Para isso, faz-se uma retomada dos elementos estruturais do Estado-nação e, num segundo momento, contrapõe-se tal estrutura aos fenômenos atuais resultantes da mundialização, perpassando, inclusive, idéias fundamentais sobre o cosmopolitismo, sobretudo mediante a análise do pensamento habermasiano, e sobre o comunitarismo. Em seguida, traz-se à discussão os problemas apontados por Michael Hardt e Antonio Negri em sua obra ‘O Império’, na qual retratam bem o lado negro e prejudicial do desaparecimento das fronteiras entre os países, para, ao final, reforçar que, embora inevitável e causador de graves problemas, o processo de globalização deverá, ao menos, pressupor a defesa da democracia.
Successiewetgeving in Europese beweging?
Authors: van de Ven K.M.L.L. 
Published: October 2014

Successiewetgeving in Europese beweging?
De auteur bespreekt de aanbeveling die de Europese Commissie in 2011 aan de lidstaten van de EU heeft gedaan op het terrein van de successiebelasting in grensoverschrijdende situaties. Ook de begin 2014 door de Commissie gehouden consultatieronde wordt in deze bijdrage besproken.
Uitleg van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen
Authors: Luimes A.J. 
Published: October 2014

Uitleg van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen
Het onderhavige artikel gaat over de uitleg van uiterste wilsbeschikkingen. Aan de hand van enkele recente uitspraken wordt inzicht geboden in de vraag wanneer een zuiver taalkundige uitleg van een uiterste wilsbeschikking wel of niet volstaat.
Context, Provenance and Technology of a Western Stemmed Tradition Artifact Cache from the Cooper’s Ferry Site, Idaho
Authors: Davis Loren G. , Nyers Alex J. , Willis Samuel C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe discovery of an artifact cache containing Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) projectile points in a clearly defined pit feature at the Cooper’s Ferry site offers a unique perspective on early lithic technology and logistical organization in western North America. A description and analysis of the cache feature reveals several new insights, including: a rocky cairn capped the surface of the pit feature; some of the artifacts were made from cryptocrystalline silicates found 16 km away; debitage analysis, including aggregate and attribute based measures, identified two distinct lithic reduction stages present in the cache; new radiocarbon assays suggest that the cache is probably not early Holocene in age and may date to associated age estimates of 11,410–11,370 radiocarbon years before present (B.P.). Unlike Clovis caches, the Pit Feature A2 cache at Cooper’s Ferry appears to be a generalized toolkit that was probably placed at the site for future use. If the 11,410–11,370 radiocarbon years B.P. assays date the creation of the Pit Feature A2 cache, then its creators were probably not pioneers in the lower Salmon River canyon but possessed local knowledge about the landscape and raw material sources; these patterns suggest greater time depth for WST foragers.
Gifts of the Ancestors: Secondary Lithic Recycling in Appalachian Summit Prehistory
Authors: Whyte Thomas R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Evidence of systematic secondary lithic recycling at the Katie Griffith site and Church Rocksheiter No. 2 in the mountains of western North Carolina is presented. It is proposed that recycling and reuse of found stone artifacts in the Early Woodland period of the Appalachian Summit region of the southeastern United States was a regular lithic procurement option. It is concluded that systematic secondary lithic recycling was widespread in prehistory, provides an avenue for exploring economizing responses to raw material procurement challenges, and must be accounted for when using lithic artifacts in reconstructions and explanations of human mobility, exchange, and technological organization, and in archaeological constructions of lithic artifact typologies.
Sclerochronological Measures of Seasonality at a Late Woodland Mound on the Mississippi Gulf Coast
Authors: Blitz John H. , Fred C. , Downs Lauren E. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Seasonality of site occupation has been an important issue in the archaeology of precolumbian coastal populations in the U.S. Southeast. Sclerochronological oxygen isotope measurements to estimate season of capture were performed on marsh clam (Rangia cuneata) and oyster (Crassostrea virginica) shells from a Late Woodland platform mound in coastal Mississippi. This study is the first oxygen isotope analysis of archaeological Rangia cuneata. The results of the study, supported by vertebrate faunal and plant seasonal indicators and depositional circumstances, indicate that mound trash deposits were generated by short-term activities during the spring and summer months. Factors that could reduce the precision of the seasonal estimates are identified.
Shellfish Collection and Community Connections in Eighteenth-Century Native New England
Authors: Hunter Ryan , Silliman Stephen W. , Landon David B. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In recent years, the archaeology of Native American sites in colonial contexts has increased our understanding of how indigenous communities persisted in challenging times. Greater attention to practices helps to create a more enriched picture, especially when set in the context of food and consumption. This article considers shellfish remains excavated from three households on the Eastern Pequot reservation, located several kilometers Inland from the Connecticut coast in southern New England, to explore the role that shellfish gathering played in eighteenth-century subsistence and social practices in Native New England. Household variability in the specific species and quantity consumed, as well as disposal methods, provide insight into internal community decision making. Moreover, eighteenth-century reservation demographics strongly accentuate the role of women in the provision of these foodstuffs and in maintaining cultural connections to the coast and other off-reservation communities. Practices of gathering and consuming shellfish thus provide vectors of change and continuity in Native American communities of colonial New England, showing how these practices represent not only connections to a deeper past, but also ongoing and even resurging practices to engage with a colonial present.
Native American Consumption of Shell and Glass Beads at Mission Santa Clara De Asís
Authors: Panich Lee M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article uses a consumption framework to examine Native American use of shell and glass beads at the site of Mission Santa Clara de Asís in central California. The analysis considers how indigenous people acquired beads within the mission system as well as the ways in which they integrated diverse types of beads into existing and emergent cultural traditions. Regional archaeological evidence reveals multiple sources of shell beads while the mission's account book offers detailed information regarding the purchase of glass beads by Franciscan missionaries. At Santa Clara, archaeological assemblages from various temporal and spatial contexts demonstrate that native people continued to use shell beads throughout the mission period but also incorporated glass beads into local understandings of status and mourning. Within these general patterns of bead use, the evidence suggests a local preference for white glass beads as well as variation in the use of or access to shell beads across the mission community. These data underscore the localized ways indigenous people made sense of new and familiar items within the constraints of colonialism.
Eyed Bone Needles from a Younger Dryas Paleoindian Component at Tule Lake Rock Shelter, Northern California
Authors: Erlandson Jon M. , Kennett Douglas J. , Culleton Brendan J. , Goebel Ted , Nelson Greg C. , Skinner Craig 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe geographic and chronological distribution of eyed bone needles in North American Paleoindian sites led Osborn (2014) to propose that these distinctive artifacts date primarily to the Terminal Pleistocene Younger Dryas Cold Event and were essential to making close-fitting clothes needed to survive frigid winter conditions. Our study of a museum collection from Tule Lake Rock Shelter (CA-SIS-218A) in the high Klamath Basin area supports Osborn’s argument. We present nine high-precision accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon assays from a 2.5 m deep cultural sequence, demonstrating that Paleoindians occupied the site primarily during the Younger Dryas. Although only about .5 m3of the Paleoindian deposits at CA-SIS-218A were excavated, fragments of four small bone needles were recovered, three of which contain whole or partial eyes. Two fragments of large mammal cortical bone from the same levels contain remnants of “groove and snap” fractures that may be related to the production of needle blanks. The bone needles from Tule Lake Rock Shelter extend the geographic range of these distinctive Paleoindian artifacts into the high desert region of Northern California.
Sonographic Appearances of Juvenile Fibroadenoma of the Breast
Authors: Kim Suk Jung , Park Young Mi , Jung Soo Jin , Lee Kwang Hwi , Kim Ok Hwa , Ryu Ji Hwa , Choi Gi Bok , Lee Sun Joo , Choo Hye Jung , Jeong Hae Woong 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate characteristic features of juvenile fibroadenoma of the breast on sonography.MethodsOur study included 34 juvenile fibroadenomas confirmed by surgical biopsy or sonographically guided 8‐gauge vacuum‐assisted biopsy in 23 patients (age range, 15–47 years; mean age, 25 years). Sonographic findings of the lesions were analyzed retrospectively by 2 radiologists in consensus according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) lexicon. The BI‐RADS final assessment category was also established.ResultsOn sonography, all fibroadenomas presented as masses. The mean size was 30 mm. Regarding shape, there were 29 oval, 2 round, and 3 irregular masses. The margins were circumscribed in 24, indistinct in 5, microlobulated in 4, and angular in 1. Regarding echogenicity, 16 masses were hypoechoic, 16 isoechoic, and 2 complex echoic. Posterior acoustic characteristics included posterior acoustic enhancement in 22 masses (65%), posterior shadowing in 1, and no posterior acoustic features in 9; this information was not available in 2. The lesion boundary presented as an abrupt interface in 32 and an echogenic halo in 2. The orientation was parallel in 32 and nonparallel in 2. Calcifications were present in 3 cases and absent in 31. On color Doppler sonography, the masses were usually hypervascular with vessel counts of 5 or more (87%). The BI‐RADS final assessment categories were 3 in 24 and 4a in 10.ConclusionsThe dominant sonographic presentation of juvenile fibroadenoma is a circumscribed oval hypoechoic or isoechoic mass, which resembles that of simple fibroadenoma. Juvenile fibroadenomas frequently show posterior acoustic enhancement and hypervascularity on color Doppler sonography.
Sonographic Confirmation of Intubation
Authors: Budhram Gavin , Murman David , Lutfy Lucienne , Sullivan Alison 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesSeveral recent studies have investigated methods to confirm endotracheal tube (ETT) placement with sonography, using diaphragmatic movement, lung sliding, and transtracheal visualization of the ETT. To our knowledge, no studies have directly compared these 3 methods. This study aimed to directly compare the test characteristics of these 3 methods to determine ETT placement. Additionally, we compared the time required to complete the sonographic examination and the performers’ confidence in their findings.MethodsWe conducted a prospective randomized single‐blinded study. Twenty‐five recently euthanized pigs were intubated either in the esophagus or trachea, for a total of 50 intubations. Each of the 3 sonographic methods of intubation confirmation was performed by sonographers of different skill levels. Sonographic findings, the time to findings, and confidence in findings were recorded.ResultsA total of 150 sonographic examinations were performed. There were no significant differences in the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, or accuracy for correct ETT placement between the 3 methods of intubation confirmation. On average, the transtracheal and thoracic methods were faster (12.5 and 14.0 seconds, respectively) than the diaphragmatic method (21.0 seconds; P < .01). There were no significant differences in operator confidence between the confirmation methods.ConclusionsAll 3 methods for determining ETT placement had similar test characteristics. Transtracheal and thoracic sonography were faster than diaphragmatic sonography for determining ETT placement in pigs.
Ultrafast 2‐Dimensional Image Monitoring and Array‐Based Passive Cavitation Detection for Ultrasound Contrast Agent Destruction in a Variably Sized Region
Authors: Xu Shanshan , Hu Hong , Jiang Hujie , Xu Zhi'an , Wan Mingxi 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesA combined approach was proposed, based on programmable ultrasound equipment, to simultaneously monitor surviving microbubbles and detect cavitation activity during microbubble destruction in a variably sized region for use in ultrasound contrast agent (UCA)‐enhanced therapeutic ultrasound applications.MethodsA variably sized focal region wherein the acoustic pressure was above the UCA fragmentation threshold was synthesized at frequencies of 3, 4, 5, and 6 MHz with a linear broadband imaging probe. The UCAs’ temporal and spatial distribution during the microbubbles’ destruction was monitored in a 2‐dimensional imaging plane at 5 MHz and a frame rate of 400 Hz, and simultaneously, broadband noise emissions during the microbubbles’ fragmentation were extracted by using the backscattered signals produced by the focused release bursts (ie, destruction pulses) themselves. Afterward, the temporal evolution of broadband noise emission, the surviving microbubbles in a region of interest (ROI), and the destruction area in a static UCA suspension were computed. Then the inertial cavitation dose, destruction rate of microbubbles in the ROI, and area of the destruction region were determined.ResultsIt was found that an increasing pulse length and a decreasing transmit aperture and excitation frequency were correlated with an increased inertial cavitation dose, microbubble destruction rate, and destruction area. Furthermore, it was obvious that the microbubble destruction rate was significantly correlated with the inertial cavitation dose (P < .05). In addition, the intensity decrease in the ROI was significantly correlated with the destruction area (P < .05).ConclusionsBy the proposed strategy, microbubbles could be destroyed in a variably sized region, and destruction efficiency as well as the corresponding inertial cavitation dose could be regulated by manipulating the transmission parameters.
Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography for Quantitative Assessment of Portal Hypertension in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Qu En-Ze , Zhang Ying-Cai , Li Zhi-Yan , Liu Yang , Wang Jin-Rui 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesThe clinical utility of contrast‐enhanced sonography in portal hypertension remains unclear. We explored the feasibility of using contrast‐enhanced sonography for noninvasive assessment of portal venous pressure.MethodsTwenty healthy individuals (control group; 9 men; mean age, 46.4 years) and 18 patients with portal hypertension (15 men; mean age, 46.2 years) were enrolled in this study. The portal hypertension group included patients who underwent splenectomy and pericardial blood vessel disarticulation at our hospital from October 2010 to March 2011. One week before surgery, patients with portal hypertension underwent preoperative liver contrast‐enhanced sonography. Two‐dimensional, Doppler, and contrast‐enhanced sonographic parameters were compared between the groups. Portal venous pressure was measured intraoperatively by portal vein puncture in the portal hypertension group, and its relationship with the other parameters was analyzed.ResultsThe 2‐dimensional, Doppler, and contrast‐enhanced sonographic parameters differed between the groups (P < .01). Portal venous pressure was inversely correlated with the area under the portal vein/hepatic artery time‐intensity curve ratio (Qp/Qa), portal vein/hepatic artery strength ratio (Ip/Ia), and portal vein/hepatic artery wash‐in perfusion slope ratio (βp/βa), with correlation coefficients of −0.701, −0.625, and −0.494, respectively.ConclusionsMeasurement of the liver contrast‐enhanced sonographic parameters Qp/Qa, Ip/Ia, and βp/βa could be used as a new quantitative method for noninvasively assessing portal venous pressure.
Transperineal Sonographic Anal Sphincter Complex Evaluation in Chronic Anal Fissures
Authors: Bedair Elsaid M. , El Hennawy Hany M. , Moustafa Ahmed Abdu , Meki Gad Youssef , Bosat Bosat Elwany 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the role of transperineal sonography in assessment of pathologic changes to the anal sphincter complex in patients with chronic anal fissures.MethodsWe conducted a prospective case‐control study of 100 consecutive patients of any age and both sexes with chronic anal fissures who presented to a colorectal clinic between January 2012 and August 2013 (group A) and 50 healthy volunteers (group B).ResultsThe most common patterns of radiologic changes to anal sphincters associated with chronic anal fissures were circumferential thickening of the anal sphincter complex in 5 patients (5%), circumferential thickening of the internal anal sphincter in 3 patients (3%), preferential thickening of the internal anal sphincter at the 6‐o'clock position in 80 patients (80%) and the 12‐o'clock position in 7 patients (7%), preferential thickening of the internal and external anal sphincters in 3 patients (3%), and thinning of the internal anal sphincter in 2 patients (2%).ConclusionsChronic anal fissures cause differential thickening of both internal and external anal sphincters, with a trend toward increased thickness in relation to the site of the fissure. Routine preoperative transperineal sonography for patients with chronic anal fissures is recommended, and it is mandatory in high‐risk patients.
Sonographic Assessment of Spleen Size in Turkish Migrants With Familial Mediterranean Fever in Germany
Authors: Örnek Ahmet , Kurucay Mustafa , Henning Bernhard F. , Pagonas Nikolaos , Schlottmann Renate , Schmidt Wolfgang E. , Giese Arnd 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) can be associated with splenomegaly. Prospective quantitative data are lacking. We performed a sonographic assessment of spleen size in patients with FMF and healthy control participants to assess its diagnostic value.MethodsPatients with FMF according to the criteria of Livneh et al (Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40:1879–1885) who were in an asymptomatic interval and control participants were prospectively included in this study in Germany and underwent sonographic measurement of the spleen as well as a structured interview and a physical examination. Patients and controls were Turkish migrants.ResultsThirty‐six patients and 27 controls were included. Patients and controls did not differ significantly in age (mean ± SD, 34.8 ± 9.7 versus 33.3 ± 10.0 years, respectively; P = .56), sex, height, weight, or body mass index (26.7 ± 4.7 versus 26.1 ± 4.3 kg/m2; P = .63). Spleen size was greater in patients than controls in width (4.3 ± 1.0 versus 3.7 ± 0.7 cm; P = .008) and also length (12.1 ± 1.9 versus 10.5 ± 1.4 cm; P = .001). Twenty‐six of 36 patients (72.2%) had a history of appendectomy compared to 3 of 27 controls (11.1%; P < .001). The combination of an enlarged spleen (length >11 cm and/or width >4 cm) gave specificity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 87%–100%) and a positive predictive value of 100% (95% confidence interval, 78%–100%) for the diagnosis of FMF in our study.ConclusionsSpleen size as evaluated by sonography is larger in patients with FMF compared to healthy controls. Most patients with FMF included in this study had undergone appendectomy. Familial Mediterranean fever should be considered as a differential diagnosis in Turkish migrants in Germany if the spleen is enlarged and a history of appendectomy is reported.
Toward Another Lava Lake in the Virunga Volcanic Field?
Authors: Smets Benoît , D'Oreye Nicolas , Kervyn François 
Published: October 2014

In April and since June, a red glow has been visible on top of Nyamulagira, the most western volcano of the Virunga Volcanic Province, in the western branch of the East African Rift. Helicopter flights and field observations quickly confirmed the presence of lava fountains that might evolve into what could become a new lava lake inside a 400‐ by 600‐meter‐wide pit crater, in the northeast sector of the central caldera (see Figure 1).