bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mothering the "Useless": Black Motherhood, Disability, and Slavery
Authors: Barclay Jenifer L. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
For decades, scholars have studied virtually every aspect of day-to-day enslaved life in antebellum America, giving particular attention to the nuances and intricacies of slave family and community life. Yet few have considered the social relations of disabilities in these most intimate and closely guarded spaces or questioned, in particular, the challenges that women faced navigating the complex experience of enslaved motherhood when their children lived with disabilities. Since the United States’s economically driven regime of chattel slavery reduced human beings to property valued according to their ability to labor, slaveholders categorized those with disabilities as "useless" and sometimes even "chargeable" (negatively valued because the cost of their care was a financial liability). This pragmatic, calculated reasoning left disabled, enslaved children particularly vulnerable because slaveholders devalued them as property and potential future laborers, privileging mothers’ labor over their disabled children’s presumably irrelevant needs. But these beliefs also sometimes worked to enslaved mothers’ advantage since disabled children were less likely to be bought or sold away. Even then, however, women still confronted a myriad of challenges in meeting their children’s daily needs and facing other unusual, often emotionally charged situations. For instance, owners sometimes sent their children elsewhere for surgeries to "correct" their disabilities, while others simply refused to invest in their medical needs. Disability also intersected with enslaved motherhood when women experienced disabilities, which sometimes helped them avoid separation from their children, though often as a result of extremely disturbing circumstances. Finally, because mothers were forced to rely on others for childcare while they worked, bondspeople with disabilities oftentimes took on this important task and social role. The presence of disabilities among enslaved people, then, shaped many aspects of mothers’ and children’s relationships to one another in ways that were both positive and negative. Grappling with the complex realities of enslaved motherhood through the lens of disability reveals that women rejected slaveholders’ definitions of their children; they adapted, resisted, and persevered to ensure that they mothered their "useless" children to the best of their ability, despite living under an institution that inherently devalued them.
Déterminants de l’adoption des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC)
Authors: Nkouka Safoulanitou Léonard 
Published: October 2014

Quels sont les déterminants de l’adoption des TIC par les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) au Congo ? Tel est l’objet de cette étude. Pour répondre à cette question, deux modèles économétriques Logit ont été testés. Les résultats des estimations montrent que la probabilité d’adoption d’Internet et la probabilité d’adoption du téléphone mobile par les PME sont déterminées par les déterminants communs : le secteur d’activité de l’entreprise, le potentiel de capital humain dans l’entreprise, le partenariat des PME avec les institutions étrangères. On note également les déterminants spécifiques pour chaque TIC : les exportations des produits et le coût d’abonnement à l’Internet pour la première TIC et l’existence de plusieurs sites d’activité pour la deuxième TIC.
Le pouvoir de délimiter le domaine de l’article 22 de la Loi sur la qualité de l’environnement
Authors: Tremblay Hugo 
Published: October 2014

Le traitement jurisprudentiel et doctrinal des questions qui se trouvent aux limites du champ d’application de l’article 22 de la Loi sur la qualité de l’environnement reflète une intégration imparfaite des principes du droit administratif. Afin d’y remédier, l’auteur propose de reconnaître que le ministre du Développement durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs dispose du pouvoir de définir les termes et le domaine de l’article 22. L’analyse du cadre normatif qui guide l’exercice de ce pouvoir de même que certains aspects de son contrôle judiciaire sont illustrés par des références au développement des milieux humides et à l’exploration des hydrocarbures non conventionnels, deux sujets qui ont récemment retenu l’attention des tribunaux et de l’opinion publique. Les conclusions de cette étude dégagent des pistes de réflexion qui peuvent alimenter le processus annoncé de réforme du régime de l’article 22.
Escuela y cultura visual en la era digital
Authors: Corbetta Carola Margarita 
Published: October 2014

Este trabajo se basa en un relato de mi tarea como docente deEducación Plástica Visual en escuelas Secundarias Básicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina. Esun registro de dos experiencias de trabajo en las cuales utilicé grafitis yarte urbano como imágenes para enseñar.El primer casocorresponde al año 2006, cuando ingresé por primera vez el grafiti al aula como objeto de conocimiento eintentando incorporar prácticas juveniles de expresión visual. La segundaexperiencia fue desarrollada durante el año 2012, aquí además del grafiti introduje el uso de las nuevos medios ytecnologías. El grafiti, así como la utilización de teléfonos celulares,cámaras fotográficas e imágenesdigitales, constituyen prácticas que losalumnos llevan a la escuela y que ademásutilizan como nuevos “instrumentos paraaprender”. Mostraré cómo intento y logro, a veces, incorporar estos nuevos mediosy tecnologías a la enseñanza y bajo qué criterios las utilizo.Observaré tambiénque peculiaridades tienen estas imágenes y dispositivos tecnológicos, así comolos matices que adquieren cuando circulan en la institución escolar. Estas nuevas imágenesen circulación permitirán reflexionar sobre la relación entre los repertoriosvisuales tradicionales y la introducción de nuevos repertorios que contemplanprácticas de arte contemporáneo, específicamente el arte urbano. De esta manerase irá mostrando la dinámica de estas introducciones y el rol que juegan alumnosy maestros en la constitución de los repertorios visuales y los saberes.http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.5.3500
Development of the Online Repository of Theses and Dissertations of the University of Cebu – Graduate School Library (ucGSLIB)
Authors: DINAUANAO AAHRON M. 
Published: October 2014

Library provides both printed and unprinted materials that contain informationbasic in today’sknowledge-basedsociety.The roleof the libraryis not lim-ited to the promotion of readership but also includes the promotion of interests of readers who are ready to embrace technological advancements brought aboutby the emerging technologies of the 21st century. These digital technologies havechanged the way the library materials are accessed, maintained, and preserved ina repository. At the University of Cebu (UC), materials such as theses and dissertationsdone bythe graduate students arenot availableonline. Mostof the librarypatronshavedifficulty in locating these resources.The goal of this study was todevelopan online repositoryof theses and dissertationsof the UCGS . A combinationof descriptiveand quasi-experimental designs was used. Dataobtainedthroughquestionnaires,interviews,and content analysis wereused in systemconstruction.The researcherdesigned and developedthe online repositorythatadheresto the standardsfor database management, searchquery,user applicationinterface,and data integrity as tested byIT expertsand end-users. The researcherrecommendsthe deployment,promotionand maintenance of the ucGSlib.Keywords: ICT, electronic thesis and dissertation (ETD), institutional repository (IR),library, Graduate School, ucGSlib, descriptive design, Cebu City, Philippines
Communication Styles, Multiple Intelligences, and Job Satisfaction of the SPED-Integrated School for Exceptional Children Graduates
Authors: JUDITH VANESSA JOY Z. 
Published: October 2014

The search for effective approaches to educating and preparing “gifted”students for the world of work continues. These approaches guide administratorsin developing appropriate responses. The study aimed at identifying thecommunication styles, multiple intelligences, and job satisfaction of the graduatesof SPED-Integrated School for Exceptional Children in Iloilo City, Philippineswhen taken as a whole and grouped according to certain variables. It utilized thedescriptive research design. Pilot-tested questionnaires were used to gather datafrom 85 participants representing 53% of the graduates of SPED-ISEC from1978-1988. The participants were selected using incidental sampling technique.The statistical measures used were mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, Pearson’s r, and ANOVA. The study reveals that the graduates were aggressive communicators, with varied intelligences, and were satisfied with their jobs.Hence, the administration of SPED-ISEC should conduct regular evaluation ofthe curricula to respond to the dynamic giftedness of each student. Likewise,teachers should be given opportunities for professional growth and be updated of the recent innovations in educating “gifted students.”Keywords: Education, graduates, multiple intelligences, communication styles, jobsatisfaction, SPED-Integrated school, descriptive design, Philippines
The Mansaka Culture of Maragusan in Southern Philippines: From the Elders’ Lens
Authors: ANGON-OPENA HILDA V. , GEMPES GLORIA P. 
Published: October 2014

This ethnographic study portrays and documents the culture of the Mansaka tribe in Maragusan,a municipality of Davao Del Norte, Philippines. The term Mansaka stems from the place of origin, as a group of people living in the center of the forest. They are the first settlers of Maragusan. This qualitative study aims to document a narrative description of Mansaka culture as a ready reference for the people of Maragusan. This undertaking involved two focus group discussions (FGD) with seven participants each group and 14 key informants or a total of 28 Mansaka elders. We employed purposive sampling in determining the samples of the study. In Mansaka culture, the elders are the fundamental link in the continuity of the past to the future to complete the circle of life. Aside from focus group discussion and in-depth interview, we employed other data gathering techniques like participant observation and field notes. The findings revealed that the majority of the Mansakas have no college education, mostly farmers, and willing to die for the ownership of their land. The majority was converted to Christianity, but still holding on to their customs and traditions. These customs and traditions are authentically described in this study.Keywords: Ethnography, Mansaka, culture, elders, qualitative, Philippines
Determinants of Purchase Decisions and Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Green Products
Authors: SALVADOR LISA S. 
Published: October 2014

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of consumers buyingdecisions and willingness to pay for green products. Five variables were examinedfor the determinants, and three questions were considered for the willingness to payfor green products. Data were collected through questionnaires. Utilizing stratifiedsampling technique, the researcher considered 310 respondents. The study revealeda low to moderate influence of personal , social , economic, psychological factorsand product attributes on consumers purchase decision This means specific itemsare influential to one demographic but not to another. Eighty four percent of thetotal participants in the study are willing to pay for green products, and from thosewho are willing to pay, 39% perceived they have the willingness and ability topay up to 5% more of the product price. Statistical analysis revealed a significantdifference between income groups and willingness to pay while psychological and economic determinant were found to be significantly related to willingness to payfor green products. This means affordability, income adequacy, motivations andenvironmental concerns are positively linked to willingness to pay. This studyadded to the literature of green consumer behavior and provided a consumers’ viewpoint to aid in the development of marketing strategies.Keywords: Economics, personal factors, social influence, economic factors, productattributes, psychological influence, descriptive-correlational design, Philippines
Influence of the sediment supply texture on morphological adjustments in gravel‐bed rivers
Authors: Ferrer‐Boix Carles , Hassan Marwan A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe role played by the texture of the sediment supply on channel bed adjustments in gravel‐bed rivers is poorly understood. To address this issue, an experimental campaign has been designed. Flume experiments lasting 96 h in a 9 m long, 0.60 m wide have been performed with different sand‐gravel mixtures as feed textures. The response of the surface texture has been found to be highly dependent on the grain size distribution of the feed. When the feed texture included gravel, the finest fractions of the sediment supply infiltrate beneath the surface. Conversely, sand remains on the surface when the feed texture lacks gravel. This different textural response becomes obscured when water discharge increases. Further, the sediment transport rate approaches the feed rate differently depending on the content of gravel in the feed texture. When a small proportion of gravel is part of the feed texture, bed load transport rate asymptotically approaches the feed rate. However, when a significant fraction of gravel is part of the feed grain size distribution, bed load transport rate approaches the feed rate by following an oscillatory path. These findings have been verified in terms of a one‐dimensional numerical model. This modeling reveals that the higher the differences in mobility among the grain sizes contained in the feed texture, the more evident is the nonasymptotic transient trend toward equilibrium.
Seismic evidence of continental margin influence on the NinetyEast Ridge in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Moeremans Raphaele E. , Singh Satish C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe NinetyEast Ridge (NER), one of the most enigmatic features in the Indian Ocean, is covered by thick Bengal Fan sediment north of 9°N. We present seismic reflection data on the eastern flank of the NER, at 10°N, that show the presence of 4–5 km thick sediments beneath the Bengal Fan sediments. These sediments can be imaged up to 60 km beneath the Andaman fore‐arc accretionary wedge, suggesting that the décollement lies above these sediments. The presence of thick sediments above the northernmost segment of the NER suggests that this segment was close to a continental margin during its emplacement. We propose that these sediments were deposited soon after the breakup of India and Antarctica, between 130 and 100 Ma, and might act as source rocks for oil and gas generation beneath recent Bengal Fan sediments. Furthermore, subducting thick sediments can significantly change the seismogenic behavior of the Andaman subduction zone.
Upscaling carbon dioxide emissions from lakes
Authors: Seekell David A. , Carr Joel A. , Gudasz Cristian , Karlsson Jan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractQuantifying CO2 fluxes from lakes to the atmosphere is important for balancing regional and global‐scale carbon budgets. CO2 emissions are estimated through statistical upscaling procedures that aggregate data from a large number of lakes. However, aggregation can bias flux estimates if the physical and chemical factors determining CO2 exchange between water and the atmosphere are not independent. We evaluated the magnitude of aggregation biases with moment expansions and pCO2 data from 5140 Swedish lakes. The direction of the aggregation bias depends on lake size; mean flux was overestimated by 4% for small lakes (0.01–0.1 km2) but underestimated by 13% for large lakes (100–1000 km2). Simple covariance‐based correction factors were generated to adjust for upscaling biases. These correction factors represent an easily interpretable and implemented approach to improving the accuracy of regional and global estimates of lake CO2 emissions.
Perchlorate‐induced combustion of organic matter with variable molecular weights: Implications for Mars missions
Authors: Sephton Mark A. , Lewis James M. T. , Watson Jonathan S. , Montgomery Wren , Garnier Carole 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInstruments on the Viking landers and Curiosity rover analyzed samples of Mars and detected carbon dioxide and organic compounds of uncertain origin. Mineral‐assisted reactions are leading to uncertainty, particularly those involving perchlorate minerals which thermally decompose to produce chlorine and oxygen which can then react with organic matter to generate organochlorine compounds and carbon dioxide. Although generally considered a problem for interpretation, the release profiles of generated gases can indicate the type of organic matter present. We have performed a set of experiments with perchlorate and organic matter of variable molecular weights. Results indicate that organic susceptibility to thermal degradation and mineral‐assisted reactions is related to molecular weight. Low molecular weight organic matter reacts at lower temperatures than its high molecular weight counterparts. The natural occurrence and association of organic matter with differing molecular weights helps to discriminate between contamination (usually low molecular weight organic matter only) and indigenous carbon (commonly low and high molecular weight organic matter together). Our results can be used to provide insights into data returning from Mars.
Asymmetry of the Bjerknes positive feedback between the two types of El Niño
Authors: Zheng Fei , Fang Xiang‐Hui , Yu Jin‐Yi , Zhu Jiang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCorresponding to the pronounced amplitude asymmetry for the central Pacific (CP) and eastern Pacific (EP) types of El Niño, an asymmetry in the strength of the Bjerknes positive feedback is found between these two types of El Niño, which is manifested as a weaker relationship between the zonal wind anomaly and the zonal gradient of sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the CP El Niño. The strength asymmetry mainly comes from a weaker sensitivity of the zonal gradient of sea level pressure (SLP) anomaly to that of diabatic heating anomaly during CP El Niño. This weaker sensitivity is caused by (1) a large cancelation induced by the negative SST‐cloud thermodynamic feedback to the positive dynamical feedback for CP El Niño, (2) an off‐equator shift of the maximum SLP anomalies during CP El Niño, and (3) a suppression of the mean low‐level convergence when CP El Niño events occur more often.
Proton acceleration at two‐dimensional dipolarization fronts in the magnetotail
Authors: Greco A. , Artemyev A. , Zimbardo G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTransient reconnection events in the planetary magnetotail give rise to fast plasma jets, whose leading edges are called dipolarization fronts. We perform a test particle simulation of ion acceleration in a 2‐D model of dipolarization fronts. We study the dependence of acceleration on several parameters of the model. We obtain that the interaction between the dipolarization front and particles depends on their initial energy h0, resulting in a moderate increase of the gained energy with h0. The front amplitude Bmax has been varied from 10 nT to 40 nT in order to study its influence on the particle gyro‐radii and, in turn, on interaction with the front. As expected, the energy gained by particles increases with Bmax. We find that the acceleration strongly depends on the front velocity vφ, which we chose to vary from 200 km/s to 750 km/s. The simulations pointed out that higher energies have been reached with fast fronts, ranging from 50 to 100 keV. We also study how the average maximum energy attained by ions, 〈hmax〉, depends on the y extent of the front: at variance with expectations, the energy gain decreases with the increase of the y size of the front for small values of that size; increasing further, the scaling of 〈hmax〉 with the y size seems to indicate a slow growth. We also study the energy and velocity distributions functions of ions accelerated by dipolarization fronts and compare these distributions with spacecraft observations.
Coupling between atmospheric layers in gaseous giant planets due to lightning‐generated electromagnetic pulses
Authors: Luque A. , Dubrovin D. , Gordillo‐Vázquez F. J. , Ebert U. , Parra‐Rojas F. C. , Yair Y. , Price C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAtmospheric electricity has been detected in all gaseous giants of our solar system and is therefore likely present also in extrasolar planets. Building upon measurements from Saturn and Jupiter, we investigate how the electromagnetic pulse emitted by a lightning stroke affects upper layers of a gaseous giant. This effect is probably significantly stronger than that on Earth. We find that electrically active storms may create a localized but long‐lasting layer of enhanced ionization of up to 103 cm−3 free electrons below the ionosphere, thus extending the ionosphere downward. We also estimate that the electromagnetic pulse transports 107 J to 1010 J toward the ionosphere. There emissions of light of up to 108 J would create a transient luminous event analogous to a terrestrial “elve.”
Mechanics of two interacting magma‐driven fractures: A numerical study
Authors: Zhang Xi , Bunger Andrew P. , Jeffrey Robert G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTo understand magma focusing from broad melting zones in the crust, propagation in brittle rocks of two interacting dikes ascending from a single deep source has been modeled using a time‐dependent plane strain hydraulic fracturing model. The source is assumed to generate a constant influx rate to feed the dike growth, which is also aided by buoyancy effects. In contrast to uncoupled model results, the simultaneous parallel growth of two dikes to a certain distance is found to occur provided that the two dikes are initially of different heights, which might be produced either by previous magma intrusion or during nucleation. The shorter dike will chase the longer one and they can either progressively merge or continue subparallel growth at a reduced spacing, depending on the deviator stress between the vertical and horizontal stresses and the initial lateral separation, with parameters given in dimensionless forms. Numerical results reveal the mechanics for simultaneous ascents of two subparallel dikes, in that dike interaction can produce a low‐stress field, which is just above the tip of the shorter dike, favorable to growth of the shorter dike. The energy analysis indicates that the energy required for two subparallel dikes is less than that for a single dike during the late‐time buoyancy‐viscosity propagation stage where considerable ascent occurs. This growth behavior might provide the mechanism for simultaneous, instead of sequential, growth of various dikes in a single set.