bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Textual Memorisation in Foreign Language Learning: Hearing the Chinese Learner and Teacher Voice
Authors: Yu Xia 
Published: November 2013

Textual memorisation is a widely used yet underexplored language practice in foreign language teaching and learning in China. The research addresses the need for a comprehensive and in‐depth understanding of the practices and beliefs of Chinese learners regarding the use of textual memorisation in foreign language learning. This article reports on findings from semistructured interviews concentrating on the perceptions of textual memorisation as a way of learning from the learners' perspective. The data were collected from a group of Chinese learners and teachers (N = 62) affiliated with 15 schools and universities at three educational levels (i.e., junior high, senior high, and college), which constitute the major part of foreign language education in China. Qualitative analyses of the data reveal that the practice was perceived to be beneficial not only because it assists learning in a number of ways but because it affords the learners psychological satisfaction built on their sense of achievement and confidence.
Three Linear Trinuclear Zinc(II) Complexes with Acenaphthenequinone Dioxime and the Ancillary Ligand 2‐Amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol in Different Coordination Modes
Authors: Wu Shuang , Cheng Haiyan , Chen Zilu , Zhang Zhong , Liang Fupei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThree linear trinuclear complexes [Zn3L3(HAMP)2]·2MeOH (1), [Zn3L3(HAMP)2]·2DMF·2EtOH (2), and [Zn3L3(HAMP)2]·DMF·EtOH (3) were separated from the reactions of ZnII salts with acenaphthenequinone dioxime (H2L) and 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol (HAMP) under different reaction conditions. They were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffractional analysis. All of them present a similar linear trinuclear skeleton with the three ZnII ions linked by three L2– ligands. The coordination arrangements of their terminal ZnII ions and the coordination modes of the two HAMP ancillary ligands are different. 1 has two five‐coordinate bipyramidal terminal ZnII ions with the two HAMP molecules chelated to the two terminal ZnII ions, while the two terminal metal ions in 3 are both tetracoordinate in tetrahedral arrangements with the two HAMP molecules in monodentate coordination modes. However, 2 shows different coordination modes (bipyramidal and tetrahedral) for the two terminal ZnII ions with the two HAMP molecules in chelated and monodentate coordination modes, respectively. Their luminescent properties were also investigated.
Pore‐Filled Nanoporous Silica Colloidal Films with Enantioselective Permeability
Authors: Ignacio‐de Leon Patricia A. , Cichelli Julie A. , Abelow Alexis E. , Zharov Ilya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe prepared nanoporous silica colloidal films whose nanopores were filled with polymer brushes containing chiral selector moieties in the side chains, or with a chiral polypeptide. Both types of polymers were grown inside the nanopores using surface‐initiated polymerization and thus were covalently attached to the nanopore surface. We studied the enantioselective permeation in the resulting pore‐filled films and found that they possess a relatively high enantioselectivity. Increasing the number of chiral selectors inside the nanopores and preventing through solution diffusion by pore‐filling with polymers did not lead to increased enantioselectivity compared to that observed for silica colloidal films whose nanopores were surface‐modified with a monolayer of chiral selectors. This suggests that the enantioselectivity depends solely on the energy difference between the enantiomer/selector complexes and that through solution diffusion plays a minor role in the transport of enantiomers, which occurs predominantly through site hopping.
A Possible Complex between TNT and Epinephrine – A DFT Study
Authors: Türker Lemi , Varış Serhat 
Published: November 2013

Abstract The interaction between TNT and a vitally significant biological molecule, epinephrine, was investigated at the level of density functional theory. Two models are constructed; (i) an intimate pair of TNT and epinephrine and (ii) a π complex of them. The calculations (in vacuo conditions) have showed that these molecules in the intimate pair model orient themselves in an angular arrangement, whereas a π complex formation between these molecules is quite likely in the case of parallel arrangement of aromatic rings. The calculated electrostatic charges, UV and NMR spectra support the idea of a strong interaction between TNT and epinephrine whatever the type of interaction is.
Synthesis and Thermolysis of the Homoleptic Iron(II) Complex [Fe{cyclo‐(P5tBu4)}2]
Authors: Kırcalı Akdag Aslıhan , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNa[cyclo‐(P5tBu4)] (1) reacts with [FeBr2(CO)4] (2:1) to give the first homoleptic iron(II) complex [Fe{cyclo‐(P5tBu4)}2] (2) containing two tridentate cyclo‐(P5tBu4)– ligands. Thermolysis of 2 up to 500 °C produces a new phosphorus‐rich iron phosphide, calculated as FeP6 according to the mass change.
Directed evolution of GH43 β-xylosidase XylBH43 thermal stability and L186 saturation mutagenesis
Authors: Singh Sanjay K , Heng Chamroeun , Braker Jay D , Chan Victor J , Lee Charles C , Jordan Douglas B , Yuan Ling , Wagschal Kurt 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Directed evolution of β-xylosidase XylBH43 using a single round of gene shuffling identified three mutations, R45K, M69P, and L186Y, that affect thermal stability parameter K t 0.5 by −1.8 ± 0.1, 1.7 ± 0.3, and 3.2 ± 0.4 °C, respectively. In addition, a cluster of four mutations near hairpin loop-D83 improved K t 0.5 by ~3 °C; none of the individual amino acid changes measurably affect K t 0.5. Saturation mutagenesis of L186 identified the variant L186K as having the most improved K t 0.5 value, by 8.1 ± 0.3 °C. The L186Y mutation was found to be additive, resulting in K t 0.5 increasing by up to 8.8 ± 0.3 °C when several beneficial mutations were combined. While k cat of xylobiose and 4-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside were found to be depressed from 8 to 83 % in the thermally improved mutants, K m, K ss (substrate inhibition), and K i (product inhibition) values generally increased, resulting in lessened substrate and xylose inhibition.
The effects of out‐of‐school time on changes in youth risk of obesity across the adolescent years
Authors: Zarrett Nicole , Bell Bethany A. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis study examined the longitudinal effects of out‐of‐school time (OST) activities on youth weight‐status through mid‐to‐late adolescence. First, using pattern‐centered methods, we identified the prominent ways in which youth allocate their OST across 12 common active and sedentary activities available to them. Second, through multi‐level modeling procedures we examined the relation of OST activity patterns to: 1) BMI‐status during the 11th grade, and; 2) within‐person change in BMI‐status across the adolescent years. After accounting for race, gender, SES, pubertal‐status, and gaming, youth who participated in a sports‐dominant activity pattern for 2 or more years had significantly lower 11th grade odds of being at‐risk for overweight/obesity compared to youth in all other activity patterns. Youth of all other activity patterns had similar odds of being at‐risk as Low‐Activity youth and each other. Understanding the relations of OST to youth healthy weight is a critical first step in developing healthy OST settings.
Heterogeneity in NTFP quality, access and management shape benefit distribution in an Amazonian extractive reserve
Authors: ZEIDEMANN V. , KAINER K. A. , STAUDHAMMER C. L. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYExtractive reserves are conservation units that are concurrently expected to sustain subsistence and cash economies of reserve residents, often through use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) has been central to many Amazonian reserves and resident livelihoods therein, due to its basin-wide distribution, significance in global markets, and potential for sustainable use and forest conservation. Yet, do the benefits of this and other NTFPs extend to all extractive reserve residents? A livelihood survey, structured interviews, and Brazil nut inventories from 2008 to 2010, randomly sampling the widely dispersed households and corresponding forests across the three regions of Riozinho do Anfrísio Extractive Reserve (RDAER), revealed significant social and ecological heterogeneity among RDAER regions. There were differences in Brazil nut stand access, individual tree characteristics (including crown form and marginally, and fruit production), stand and tree management, multiple household characteristics that shape resident investment and dependence on NTFPs, and the contribution of Brazil nut to forest-based income. If Brazil nut and other NTFPs are to reconcile conservation and development in forest communities, then policies to regulate and promote NTFP use must integrate the socioecological heterogeneity inherent in these forest products and within reserve polygons.
How will climate variability interact with long-term climate change to affect the persistence of plant species in fragmented landscapes?
Authors: RENTON MICHAEL , SHACKELFORD NANCY , STANDISH RACHEL J. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYAs climates change, some plant species will need to migrate across landscapes fragmented by unsuitable environments and human activities to colonize new areas with suitable climates as previously habited areas become uninhabitable. Previous modelling of plant's migration potential has generally assumed that climate changes at a constant rate, but this ignores many potentially important aspects of real climate variability. In this study, a spatially explicit simulation model was used to investigate how interannual climate variability, the occurrence of extreme events and step changes in climate might interact with gradual long-term climate change to affect plant species’ capacity to migrate across fragmented landscapes and persist. The considered types of climate variability generally exacerbated the negative effects of long-term climate change, with a few poignant exceptions where persistence of long-lived trees improved. Strategic habitat restoration ameliorated negative effects of climate variability. Plant functional characteristics strongly influenced most results. Any modelling of how climate change may affect species persistence, and how actions such as restoration may help species adapt, should account for both short-term climate variability and long-term change.
Cognisance, participation and protected areas in the Yucatan Peninsula
Authors: RUIZ-MALLÉN ISABEL , NEWING HELEN , PORTER-BOLLAND LUCIANA , PRITCHARD DIANA J. , GARCÍA-FRAPOLLI EDUARDO , MÉNDEZ-LÓPEZ M. ELENA , SÁNCHEZ-GONZALEZ M. CONSUELO , DE LA PEÑA ANTONIO , REYES-GARCÍA VICTORIA 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYLocal people's involvement in the management of conservation initiatives is central to ongoing debates on the relative merits of distinct biodiversity conservation models. Since different governance models provide distinct opportunities for local people to participate in the management of protected areas, their knowledge of these governance models and motivation to collaborate will vary. This paper analyses cognisance and participation in (1) government-imposed biosphere reserves and (2) community conservation areas, in which ecotourism projects take place. Qualitative and quantitative data (n = 205) were gathered in two indigenous communities in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Whereas local cognisance of community-driven conservation initiatives is not always greater than cognisance of government-imposed Biosphere Reserves, local participation is always greater. Cognisance of and participation in conservation initiatives depend on the management approach, extent of external resource support, and a community's social organization. Gender and land holding status influence access to information about conservation initiatives, since men with land rights had more access than other people. More participatory mechanisms for decision-making and direct communication strategies between managers and local people are required to improve communities’ involvement in conservation.
Risk factors associated with the presence of hepatitis E virus in livers and seroprevalence in slaughter-age pigs: a retrospective study of 90 swine farms in France
Authors: WALACHOWSKI S. , DORENLOR V. , LEFEVRE J. , LUNAZZI A. , EONO F. , MERBAH T. , EVENO E. , PAVIO N. , ROSE N. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThe frequency of sporadic cases of hepatitis E in humans in developed countries has increased in recent years. The consumption of raw or undercooked pig liver-based products has been identified as an important source of human infection. The question of possible massive human exposure to this zoonotic agent has been raised by the high prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in swine herds. However, little is known about the epidemiology of HEV on pig farms. A retrospective study, based on a previous prevalence study of 185 farms, was conducted on 90 farms located in Western France, randomly selected from this database, to identify factors associated with the presence of HEV in pig livers and HEV seroprevalence in slaughter-age pigs. At least one HEV RNA-positive liver was found in 30% of the sampled farms while seroprevalence in slaughter-age pigs at the farm level reached almost 75%. Different factors were associated with the two conditions. The risk of having HEV-positive livers was increased by early slaughter, genetic background, lack of hygiene measures and surface origin of drinking water. High HEV seroprevalence was associated with mingling practices at the nursery stage and hygiene conditions. These results can be used to determine on-farm measures to reduce within-farm HEV spread and infection of slaughter-age pigs.
Implications of inconsistent anaemia policies for children and adolescents in Africa
Authors: Hamdan Musa , Brabin Bernard , Bates Imelda 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of policies concerning the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of anaemia in children and adolescents; to determine to what extent these are evidence-based; and to use this analysis to inform the policy-making process.SubjectsChildren and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa.SettingAlmost 50 % of children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa are anaemic, which has profound effects on their intellectual and physical development and their chance of survival. Evidence-based policies are essential to reduce anaemia but because it is caused by an array of interdependent factors, developing policies is challenging.DesignForty-six policy documents concerning the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of anaemia in children and adolescents were identified and analysed.ResultsThere was policy consensus on the usefulness of Fe supplements, the need to treat co-morbidities and the use of blood transfusions for severe anaemia. Information about diagnosis was scarce, and messages regarding the control of anaemia were mixed. Few of the policies were tailored for the African context and they were located on several websites hosted by different health programmes.ConclusionsThe weakest aspects of the policies and consequently the priorities for better policy making were: lack of adherence to WHO recommendations for guideline development; little involvement of African practitioners/policy makers in the guideline group and as peer reviewers; and lack of harmonisation, demonstrating the need to establish a single body responsible for developing/revising anaemia policies.
Liver intake in 24–59-month-old children from an impoverished South African community provides enough vitamin A to meet requirements
Authors: Nel Jana , van Stuijvenberg Martha E , Schoeman Serina E , Dhansay Muhammad A , Lombard Carl J , du Plessis Lisanne M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the contribution of liver to the vitamin A intake of 24–59-month-old children from an impoverished South African community where liver is frequently consumed and vitamin A deficiency previously shown to be absent.DesignCross-sectional.SettingNorthern Cape Province, South Africa.SubjectsChildren aged 24–59 months (n150). Vitamin A intake from liver was assessed using a single 24 h recall and a quantified liver frequency questionnaire. In addition, information on vitamin A intake via the national fortification programme was obtained from the 24 h recall and information on vitamin A supplementation from the Road-to-Health Chart. Height, weight and socio-economic data were also collected.ResultsStunting, underweight and wasting were prevalent in 36·9 %, 25·5 % and 12·1 % of children. Mean daily vitamin A intake from liver was 537 and 325 μg retinol equivalents measured by the 24 h recall and liver frequency questionnaire, respectively. Liver was consumed in 92·7 % of households and by 84·7 % of children; liver intake was inversely related to socio-economic status (P< 0·05). The food fortification programme contributed 80 μg retinol equivalents and the vitamin A supplementation programme 122 μg retinol equivalents to daily vitamin A intake.ConclusionsThe study showed that liver alone provided more than 100 % of the Estimated Average Requirement of the pre-school children in this impoverished community. The results also challenge the notion generally held by international health bodies that vitamin A deficiency, poor anthropometric status and poverty go together, and reinforces the fact that South Africa is a culturally diverse society for which targeted interventions are required.
In Situ Imaging of Nano-Droplet Condensation and Coalescence on Thin Water Films
Authors: Barkay Zahava 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo related aspects of nano-droplet condensation and droplets coalescence are studied for droplets on self-supported thin water films. The experiments are conducted in the environmental scanning electron microscope using wet scanning transmission electron microscopy. Favorable condensation sites are examined and in-situ position-controlled condensation experiments are conducted. The interaction among condensed multi-droplets as well as between a single droplet and the underneath nano-thick water film are dynamically examined with 10nm lateral resolution. The droplet round shape is reshaped to flat-like facets in-between droplets of 30-230 nm separation. Dynamic imaging of a few minutes duration shows a delayed coalescence effect, being explained by increased droplet-droplet electrostatic interaction relative to van der Waals interaction.
Empirical analysis of legal institutions and institutional change: multiple-methods approaches and their application to corporate governance research
Authors: BUCHANAN JOHN , CHAI DOMINIC HEESANG , DEAKIN SIMON 
Published: November 2013

Abstract:The claim that institutions matter for economic growth and development has so far received a more extensive theoretical treatment than an empirical or methodological one. Basing our approach on a coevolutionary conception of relations between law and the economy, we link theory to method and explore three techniques for analysing legal institutions empirically: ‘leximetric’ measurement of legal rules, time-series econometrics and interview-based fieldwork. We argue that while robust measurement of institutions is possible, quantitative techniques have their limits, and should be combined with fieldwork in a multiple-methods approach.
THE EXPRESSIVITY OF FACTUAL CHANGE IN DYNAMIC EPISTEMIC LOGIC
Authors: KUIJER LOUWE B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA commonly used dynamic epistemic logic is one obtained by adding commonknowledge and public announcements to a basic epistemic logic. It is known from Kooi (2007) that adding public substitutions to such a logic adds expressivity over the class K of models. Here I show that substitutions also add expressivity over the classes KD45, S4 and S5 of models. Since the combination of common knowledge, public announcements and substitutions, was shown in Kooi (2007) to be equally expressive to relativized common knowledge these results also show that relativized common knowledge is more expressive than common knowledge and public announcements over KD45, S4 and S5. These results therefore extend the result from van Benthem et al. (2006) that shows that relativized common knowledge is more expressive than common knowledge and public announcements over K.
Metabolic analysis of Chlorobium chlorochromatii CaD3 reveals clues of the symbiosis in ‘Chlorochromatium aggregatum’
Authors: Cerqueda-García Daniel , Martínez-Castilla León P , Falcón Luisa I , Delaye Luis 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A symbiotic association occurs in ‘Chlorochromatium aggregatum’, a phototrophic consortium integrated by two species of phylogenetically distant bacteria composed by the green-sulfur Chlorobium chlorochromatii CaD3 epibiont that surrounds a central β-proteobacterium. The non-motile chlorobia can perform nitrogen and carbon fixation, using sulfide as electron donors for anoxygenic photosynthesis. The consortium can move due to the flagella present in the central β-protobacterium. Although Chl. chlorochromatii CaD3 is never found as free-living bacteria in nature, previous transcriptomic and proteomic studies have revealed that there are differential transcription patterns between the symbiotic and free-living status of Chl. chlorocromatii CaD3 when grown in laboratory conditions. The differences occur mainly in genes encoding the enzymatic reactions involved in nitrogen and amino acid metabolism. We performed a metabolic reconstruction of Chl. chlorochromatii CaD3 and an in silico analysis of its amino acid metabolism using an elementary flux modes approach (EFM). Our study suggests that in symbiosis, Chl. chlorochromatii CaD3 is under limited nitrogen conditions where the GS/GOGAT (glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthetase) pathway is actively assimilating ammonia obtained via N2 fixation. In contrast, when free-living, Chl. chlorochromatii CaD3 is in a condition of nitrogen excess and ammonia is assimilated by the alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) pathway. We postulate that ‘Chlorochromatium aggregatum’ originated from a parasitic interaction where the N2 fixation capacity of the chlorobia would be enhanced by injection of 2-oxoglutarate from the β-proteobacterium via the periplasm. This consortium would have the advantage of motility, which is fundamental to a phototrophic bacterium, and the syntrophy of nitrogen and carbon sources.