bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective randomized study of cervical arthroplasty and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with long-term follow-up: results in 74 patients from a single site
Authors: Coric Domagoj , Kim Paul K. , Clemente Jonathan D. , Boltes Margaret O. , Nussbaum Marcy , James Sara 
Published: November 2012

Object
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of cervical total disc replacement (TDR) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in the treatment of single-level cervical radiculopathy.

Methods
The results of 2 separate prospective, randomized, US FDA Investigational Device Exemption pivotal trials (Bryan Disc and Kineflex|C) from a single investigational site were combined to evaluate outcomes at long-term follow-up. The primary clinical outcome measures included the Neck Disability Index (NDI), visual analog scale (VAS), and neurological examination. Patients were randomized to receive cervical TDR in 2 separate prospective, randomized studies using the Bryan Disc or Kineflex|C cervical artificial disc compared with ACDF using structural allograft and an anterior plate. Patients were evaluated preoperatively; at 6 weeks; at 3, 6, and 12 months; and then yearly for a minimum of 48 months. Plain radiographs were obtained at each study visit.

Results
A total of 74 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the cervical TDR (n = 41) or ACDF (n = 33) group. A total of 63 patients (86%) completed a minimum of 4 years follow-up. Average follow-up was 6 years (72 months) with a range from 48 to 108 months. In both the cervical TDR and ACDF groups, mean NDI scores improved significantly by 6 weeks after surgery and remained significantly improved throughout the minimum 48-month follow-up (p < 0.001). Similarly, the median VAS pain scores improved significantly by 6 weeks and remained significantly improved throughout the minimum 48-month follow-up (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups in mean NDI or median VAS scores. The range of motion (ROM) in the cervical TDR group remained significantly greater than the preoperative mean, whereas the ROM in the ACDF group was significantly reduced from the preoperative mean. There was significantly greater ROM in the cervical TDR group compared with the ACDF group. There were 3 reoperations (7.3%) at index or adjacent levels in the cervical TDR group; all were cervical laminoforaminotomies. There were 2 adjacent-level reoperations in the cervical TDR group (4.9%). There was 1 reoperation (3.0%) in the ACDF group at an index or adjacent level (a second ACDF at the adjacent level). There was no statistically significant difference in overall reoperation rate or adjacent-level reoperation rate between groups.

Conclusions
Both cervical TDR and ACDF groups showed excellent clinical outcomes that were maintained over long-term follow-up. Both groups showed low index-level and adjacent-level reoperation rates. Both cervical TDR and ACDF appear to be viable options for the treatment of single-level cervical radiculopathy.
Medication as Infrastructure: Decentring Self-care
Authors: Danholt Peter , Langstrup Henriette 
Published: November 2012

Drawing on science and technology studies (STS), and specifically the concept of infrastructure as conceptualised by Bowker and Star (2000; Star 1999), this paper argues and empirically demonstrates that self-care may be considered a practice that is thoroughly sociotechnical, material, distributed and de-centred. Comparing the practices related to medication in the treatment of asthma, type 2 diabetes and haemophilia, we show that in practice there is no ’self’ in self-care. More specifically, the ’self’ in self-care is an actor who is highly dependent on, and intertwined with infrastructures of care, in order to be self-caring. Infrastructures of care are the more or less embedded ’tracks’ along which care may ’run’, shaping and being shaped by actors and settings along the way. Obtaining prescriptions, going to the pharmacy, bringing medication home and administering it as parts of daily life are commonplace activities embedded in the fabric of life, especially for those living with a chronic condition. However, this procurement and emplacement of medication involves the establishment and ongoing enactment of infrastructures of care, that is, the connections between various actors and locations that establish caring spaces and caring selves.
Locations and actors are included as allies in treating chronic conditions outside the clinical setting, but these infrastructures may also be ambiguous, with respect to their effects; they may simultaneously contribute to the condition’s management and neglect. Particularly precarious is management at the fringes of healthcare infrastructure, where allies, routines and general predictability are scarce. We conclude by arguing that these insights may induce a greater sensitivity to existing infrastructures and practices, when seeking to introduce new infrastructures of care, such as those promoted under the headings of ’telemedicine’ and ’healthcare IT’.
Durkheim et Frazer : un débat sur le totémisme
Authors: Achimastos Myron 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Dans Les Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse , au comble d’une polémique qui dure depuis 1897-1898, Durkheim discute longuement avec Frazer de la nature du totémisme. Deux questions majeures sont abordées : il s’agit tout d’abord de savoir si le totémisme relève de la religion ou de la magie (ce qui demande qu’on définisse au préalable ces deux phénomènes) ; il faut ensuite établir s’il implique ou non des règles de parenté (l’exogamie). Le désaccord entre Durkheim et Frazer sur ces deux thèmes montre combien leurs méthodes sont différentes.
Forms of thought and forms of society: Durkheim and the question of the categories
Authors: Stedman-Jones Susan 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Cet article examine la théorie des catégories de l’entendement que Durkheim expose dans Les Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse en soulignant l’importance qu’il accorde au jugement dans toute expérience humaine, aux notions de forme et de relation ainsi qu’aux représentations conçues comme des forces qui assurent la communication entre les individus – un aspect essentiel de cette même théorie négligé par ses interprétations récentes. Il faut se reporter aux travaux de Durkheim antérieurs à 1912 pour comprendre le lien qu’il établit entre religion et connaissance, c’est-à-dire pourquoi il recourt aux croyances et aux pratiques des sociétés totémiques en vue de donner une réponse sociologique à une des questions les plus controversées de l’histoire de la pensée philosophique, alors que pour bien évaluer les thèses de Durkheim il est nécessaire de tenir compte des influences intellectuelles qu’il a subies.
Les durkheimiens face aux Formes élémentaires (1912-1939)
Authors: Marcel Jean-Christophe 
Published: November 2012

Résumé La réception des Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse chez certains des principaux collaborateurs de Durkheim se caractérise, surtout après 1918, par une focale sur quelques thèmes : totémisme et religion, débat Durkheim-Lévy-Bruhl, origine religieuse de la pensée conceptuelle, effervescence collective et double nature de l’homme. Ces caractéristiques suggèrent que sont alors en jeu les conditions de possibilité d’une théorie sociologique de la connaissance susceptible d’expliquer l’intégralité des états mentaux propres à la vie en groupe.
Peine de mort et droits de l'homme entre enjeu géopolitique et impératif éthique
Authors: Donneaud Adrien 
Published: November 2012

Résumé La tendance mondiale vers l’abolition de la peine de mort se poursuit sans relâche à travers le monde. Au cours de ces dix dernières années, 31 pays ont aboli la peine de mort en droit ou en pratique, élevant désormais à 149 le nombre des pays ayant aboli ce châtiment. Dès lors, l’abolition représente un véritable enjeu géopolitique et diplomatique pour l’ensemble des États, les pays rétentionnistes se retrouvant de plus en plus isolés sur la scène internationale. Mais dans un monde où 60% de la population vit encore dans des pays appliquant la peine de mort, peut-on véritablement universaliser les Impératifs Catégoriques de nos contrats sociaux et persuader ces Autres rétentionnistes d’adopter notre éthos démocratique et d’abolir la peine de mort une fois pour toutes ?
Le suicide assisté : la nouvelle « peine de mort » induite par la société contemporaine ? Une analyse à la frontière entre droit et psychanalyse
Authors: Marchesini Silvane Maria 
Published: November 2012

Résumé La Loi, n? 2005-370, du 22 avril 2005, concernant les droits des patients en fin de vie, représente une des premières expressions d’une logique relative moins universaliste. Cette Loi accueille la volonté des patients et ouvre un nouveau chemin juridique à la subjectivité, dans les limites de la licéité du respect à la vie. Elle ouvre, aussi, un espace pour une analyse concrète de l’arrêt de « l’acharnement thérapeutique » à travers la consultation de « directives anticipées », éventuellement formulées par le malade. Elle contribue à maintenir la limite que constitue « l’homicide », sans décriminaliser ou dépénaliser l’euthanasie à travers le suicide assisté consenti. L’approche Droit/Psychanalyse, dans ce débat, pose la question de « l’emploi rhétorique du discours » et des changements sociaux conséquents dans les transmissions de référentiels allusifs à « l’interdiction des crimes fondamentaux d’homicide et d’inceste ». L’étude comparée des nouvelles législations internationales nous montre donc que la dépénalisation de l’euthanasie, ou les solutions intermédiaires, est due au glissement qui s’est produit du Discours du Maître vers le Discours du Capitaliste. Cette déviance de la logique phallique qui organise la communication et les liens sociaux transforme l’être humain, par l’instrument juridique du « consentement », en un produit de marché « non pensant et consommateur », à chaque fois plus orienté par « les processus narcissiques et par la pulsion de mort ». Le suicide assisté émerge alors comme une condamnation sociale à une nouvelle peine de mort intégrée par le sujet.
Religion et politique aux États-Unis
Authors: Lacorne Denis 
Published: November 2012

Les relations entre religion et politique relèvent de deux récits concurrents aux États-Unis. L’un insiste sur les Pères fondateurs et la Constitution ; l’autre sur la vertu des Puritains. Quelles traces cette division laisse-t-elle dans la politique contemporaine ? Comment les deux candidats à l’élection présidentielle se sont-ils inscrits dans cette histoire ?
L'internationalisation du droit : dégradation ou recomposition ?
Authors: Delmas-Marty Mireille , Supiot Alain , Frieyro Martin 
Published: November 2012

Le droit, longtemps lié à la souveraineté nationale, n’est plus enclos au sein des États-nations. Car le champ d’application des lois déborde désormais les frontières nationales. Mais que signifie cette évolution ? Assiste-t-on à un affaiblissement de l’idée même de droit ? Ou l’interdépendance croissante entre les systèmes de droit préfigure-t-elle un nouvel ordre juridique dessinant un nouvel universalisme ?
Maud Mannoni et les écrivains : passion de l'être, passion de l'écriture
Authors: Razon Laure 
Published: November 2012

Si l’analyste est aussi sensible à l’écriture et à l’écrivain qui tente du lieu de sa parole de transmettre ce qui lui échappe, c’est parce que l’artiste nous ouvre la voie de l’inconscient et nous guide sur les points de rencontre entre l’universel et le singulier. L’écrivain nous guide constamment sur notre chemin intérieur et sur celui de la rencontre avec les patients. Afin d’avancer sur ce chemin, de ma place d’analyste et de chercheur, je me suis penchée sur les travaux de Maud Mannoni. De ma lecture, je développerai dans cet article, ce qu’elle nous restitue de sa réflexion sur deux auteurs : Hans Christian Andersen et Virginia Wolf. De son positionnement, j’aborderai deux axes : ce qu’elle met en perspective entre l’histoire de l’écrivain (ses souffrances) et la fonction de l’écriture ; et ce qui du lieu de ces deux auteurs fit résonance en elle, de ses souffrances d’enfance, clef de voûte de ses engagements psychanalytiques.
Empreintes du trauma totalitaire dans la création littéraire de Herta Müller
Authors: Clit Radu 
Published: November 2012

Chez Freud la création littéraire est réductible au rêve, ce qui ne convient pas à la prose de Herta Müller, qui décrit le monde totalitaire. Quatre aspects de ses romans sont exposés : contenu, construction, style, relation au pouvoir. Ils conduisent, respectivement aux problématiques suivantes : cadre totalitaire ; différence totalisation / « totalitarisation » ; mouvement et trauma ; position narcissique totalitaire. Leur élément commun est le trauma, source possible de la création littéraire
Evaluation of a Critical Appraisal Program for Clinical Nurses: A Controlled Before-and-After Study
Authors: Chang Shu-Chen , Huang Chin-Yi , Chen Shu-Yu , Liao Yi-Cheng , Lin Ching-Hsiung , Wang Hsiu-Hung 
Published: November 2012

Background:
Evidence-based practice is important to clinical health care professionals. Clinical nurses can make informed decisions by applying the best evidence to their care. However, standardized curricula on evidence-based medicine are lacking in nursing education programs. This study evaluated a critical appraisal education program and assessed its value in increasing nurses’ knowledge of critical appraisal and confidence in their critical appraisal skills.

Methods:
A controlled before-and-after study design was used. The education program integrated lectures, practice, and group discussion. A questionnaire was used to evaluate participants’ knowledge and confidence in critical appraisal pre- and postintervention.

Results:

Participants’ knowledge and confidence in critical appraisal improved significantly postintervention (both
p
< .001).

Conclusion:
A 1-day, small group discussion education program can effectively improve nurses’ knowledge and confidence in critical appraisal. Educators and administrators may replicate this education program to improve the quality of nursing care.
Competency Assessment Tools for Registered Nurses: An Integrative Review
Authors: Wilkinson Crystal A. 
Published: November 2012

Background:
The clinical nurse educator in practice settings assists registered nurses through education and works with nurse managers to evaluate the continuing competency of registered nurses. The availability of self-reporting tools with acceptable psychometric properties may contribute to an understanding of staff expertise and continued competence to perform their required duties.

Methods:
An integrative review of the literature was conducted using keyword searches in CINAHL, ERIC, and PsycINFO. The search for tools published in the past decade focused on self-assessment of continuing competence in practicing nurses.

Results:
Four research reports were found with multidimensional self-reporting tools designed for use with nurses in ongoing practice. Each tool specifies a unique set of dimensions of continuing competency (e.g., clinical care, leadership, interpersonal relationships) and has had its validity or reliability tested with practicing nurses.

Conclusion:
The results of the review showed an improvement in the development and availability of tools. However, the tools are still lacking in dimension and further investment in this area of research is needed.
A Review Guide to Oligoarticular and Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Hui-Yuen Joyce S. , Imundo Lisa F. 
Published: November 2012

CME Educational Objectives1.Become familiar with appropriate treatments for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) for improved outcomes.2.Review the presenting signs and symptoms of oligoarticular and polyarticular JIA and review the broad differential diagnoses; review the limits of laboratory testing in diagnosing JIA, and review the imaging modalities available for JIA.3.Understand the importance of screening for uveitis as an associated asymptomatic disease.Juvenile idiopathic arthritis represents a family of heterogeneous diseases characterized by chronic inflammation of synovial membranes. The clinical presentation of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the utility of the laboratory in evaluating children with suspected arthritis differ significantly from adults. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a chronic disease; only a minority of patients “outgrow it.” Thus, the goals for physicians treating children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis are to return the child to full function and prevent disability.
Theoretical Analysis of the Effect of Pupil Size, Initial Myopic Level, and Optical Zone on Quality of Vision After Corneal Refractive Surgery
Authors: Alarcón Aixa , Rubiño Manuel , Pérez-Ocón Francisco , Jiménez José R. 
Published: November 2012

PURPOSE:
To analyze the theoretical effect that pupil size, optical zone, and initial myopic level have on the final retinal image after corneal refractive surgery.

METHODS:
A schematic myopic eye model corrected by the Munnerlyn formula was used to analyze the optical quality of the final retinal image. Root-mean-square radius spot and modulation transfer function were calculated by ray tracing to evaluate retinal image quality.

RESULTS:
Pupil size had a negative effect on the retinal image only when it was greater than the diameter of the optical zone. In addition, the greater the initial myopic level, the more the pupil size affected image quality. Thus, a clear dependence exists between the initial myopic level and effect that the pupil size can have on the retinal image after laser refractive surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pupil size may be a risk factor for night vision disturbances, but only when it is larger than the theoretical optical zones utilized in this study. Its effect depends not only on the optical zone size, but also on the initial myopic level. Therefore, this relationship should be taken into account during patient selection for refractive surgery.
Monte carlo study of the effect of collimator thickness on T-99m source response in single photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Islamian Jalil , Toossi Mohammad Taghi , Momennezhad Mahdi , Zakavi Seyyed , Sadeghi Ramin , Ljungberg Michael 
Published: November 2012

In single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), the collimator is a crucial element of the imaging chain and controls the noise resolution tradeoff of the collected data. The current study is an evaluation of the effects of different thicknesses of a low-energy high-resolution (LEHR) collimator on tomographic spatial resolution in SPECT. In the present study, the SIMIND Monte Carlo program was used to simulate a SPECT equipped with an LEHR collimator. A point source of 99m Tc and an acrylic cylindrical Jaszczak phantom, with cold spheres and rods, and a human anthropomorphic torso phantom (4D-NCAT phantom) were used. Simulated planar images and reconstructed tomographic images were evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. According to the tabulated calculated detector parameters, contribution of Compton scattering, photoelectric reactions, and also peak to Compton (P/C) area in the obtained energy spectrums (from scanning of the sources with 11 collimator thicknesses, ranging from 2.400 to 2.410 cm), we concluded the thickness of 2.405 cm as the proper LEHR parallel hole collimator thickness. The image quality analyses by structural similarity index (SSIM) algorithm and also by visual inspection showed suitable quality images obtained with a collimator thickness of 2.405 cm. There was a suitable quality and also performance parameters′ analysis results for the projections and reconstructed images prepared with a 2.405 cm LEHR collimator thickness compared with the other collimator thicknesses.
Assessment of smile architecture and pink aesthetics: A successful methodology in cosmetic dentistry
Authors: Hungund Shital , Gohil Dhwani , Mishra Rakesh 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Objective: Aesthetic restorative treatment plays a very essential role in smile appearance. The aim of this study is to assess smile architecture and periodontium outlook for aesthetic evaluation. Materials and Methods: One hundred subjects (50 women and 50 men) aged from 18 to 62 years were enrolled and photographed. Standardized digital photographs were taken to assess smile architecture and gingival biotype during regular and expanded smile. Smile was assessed on the basis of following criteria: 1) extremely high smile line; 2) high smile line; 3) moderate smile line; and 4) low smile line. Patients were also classified by age group and gender as follows: a) males aged from 18 to 30 years; b) females aged from 18 to 30 years; c) males aged 31 years and above; and d) females aged 31 years and above. Gingival biotype was analysed using visual assessment method. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test to assess differences between groups. Results: Assessment revealed that subjects with regular smile had the following: Class 1, 2%; Class 2, 10%; Class 3, 45%; and Class 4, 43%. With expanded smile, subjects revealed the following: Class 1, 9%; Class 2, 13%; Class 3, 58%; and Class 4, 20%. The periodontal outlook was more prevalent in the expanded and regular smile for younger age group than the older one. Age and gender influenced the position of the smile architecture. About 80% of the subjects were concerned of aesthetics. Conclusion: Assessment of smile architecture and pink aesthetics becomes mandatory for both regular and expanded smile for both the genders.
Forced eruption for all four maxillary incisors prior to implant rehabilitation
Authors: Ribeiro Gerson Luiz Ulema , Maciel José Vinicius Bolognesi , Pereira Juliana da Silva , Tanaka Orlando Motohiro 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPeriodontally compromised teeth are a common problem observed in adults, and the extraction is a viable solution in some of these situations. When prosthetic rehabilitation with implants take place after the extraction, orthodontic extrusion may convert the tooth indicated for extraction into a useful tooth. A 48-year-old woman′s chief complaint was the esthetics of her maxillary incisors with advanced periodontal disease. The incisors were orthodontically erupted to augment the bone topography for implant recipient sites and prosthetic rehabilitation. Three implants were selected and inserted in a single surgical procedure without any complications. A 10 months follow-up showed that the implants were stable with the prosthetic crowns preserving the surrounding soft tissues, and improving overall aesthetics and function.
Granular cell ameloblastoma: A diagnostic dilemma for histopathologist
Authors: Biradar Vijaykumar G. , Latturiya Rahul G. , Biradar Surekha V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA rare case of granular cell ameloblastoma in the posterior mandible of a 45-year-old female has been studied both histologically and immunohistochemically. Histopathologically, hematoxylin and eosin and Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) prepared sections of granular cell ameloblastoma showed granular neoplastic cells residing within the tumor follicles. To characterize the granular cells in ameloblastoma, we examined the expression of low molecular weight cytokeratin and S-100 protein using immunohistochemistry. Granular cells exhibited positivity only with cytokeratin while S-100 protein was negative. This result allowed easy distinction of granular cell ameloblastomas from similar tumors exhibiting granular cell changes, and indicated that the granularity in ameloblastoma cells is consequent to lysosomal overload.