bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRICING CURRENCY OPTIONS UNDER STOCHASTIC INTEREST RATES AND JUMP‐DIFFUSION PROCESSES
Authors: Doffou Ako , Hilliard Jimmy E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe investigate the effects of stochastic interest rates and jumps in the spot exchange rate on the pricing of currency futures, forwards, and futures options. The proposed model extends Bates's model by allowing both the domestic and foreign interest rates to move around randomly, in a generalized Vasicek term‐structure framework. Numerical examples show that the model prices of European currency futures options are similar to those given by Bates's and Black's models in the absence of jumps and when the volatilities of the domestic and foreign interest rates and futures price are negligible. Changes in these volatilities affect the futures options prices. Bates's and Black's models underprice the European currency futures options in both the presence and the absence of jumps. The mispricing increases with the volatilities of interest rates and futures prices.JEL classification: G13
Cardiopulmonary Effects of Laparoscopic Ovariectomy of Variable Duration in Cats
Authors: Shih Andre C. , Case J. Brad , Coisman James G. , Isaza Natalie M. , Amora‐Junior Dorli , Maisenbacher Herbert W. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of low‐pressure (6 mmHg) peritoneal insufflation of varying duration in healthy cats during ovariectomy (OVE).Study DesignProspective, randomized study.AnimalsFemale cats (n = 24).MethodsAfter anesthesia induction, cats had short (Short LAP; n = 8) or long duration (Long LAP; n = 8) laparoscopic ovariectomy, or Open OVE (Open; n = 8) for comparison. Hemodynamic and pulmonary measurements were recorded after induction of anesthesia (T0), 5 minutes after abdominal insufflation had reached 6 mmHg of pressure (T1), after the 2nd ovary had been resected (T2), after abdominal decompression (T3), and at the end of anesthesia, after abdominal closure (T4). Hemodynamic and pulmonary variables were compared between groups.ResultsLow‐pressure abdominal insufflation caused cardiopulmonary changes in cats. At T1 and T2, Long LAP and Short LAP caused a significant change in PvCO2 and RC when compared with Open. During T3, RC was lower only in Long LAP. At T2, there was decrease in SV, but not CO for Long LAP when compared with Open.ConclusionsDuration of insufflation was associated with worsening of negative cardiopulmonary effects; however, these effects were reversible and resolved by the end of the procedure.
Sr2−XLaXMgMoO6 and Sr2−XLaXMgNbO6 for Use as Sulfur‐Tolerant Anodes Without a Buffer Layer
Authors: Howell Thomas G. , Kuhnell Cory P. , Reitz Thomas L. , Eigenbrodt Bryan C. , Singh Raj N. 
Published: August 2014

The objective of this effort is to synthesize and characterize a series of lanthanum‐(La) doped Sr2MgMoO6 (SMMO) and La‐doped Sr2MgNbO6 (SMNO) anode materials which can be used in combination with lanthanum‐containing electrolytes to mitigate the effects of lanthanum poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Currently, an La0.4Ce0.6O1.8 (LDC) buffer layer is used with many perovskite‐based anode materials to prevent La diffusion into the anode from the La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8 (LSGM) electrolyte which can create a resistive La species that impedes electrochemical performance. The LDC buffer layer, with diminished electronic conductivity, adds an extra level of complexity in the SOFC manufacturing process. Further, this extraneous layer presents an added experimental challenge when assessing anode material performance. Overall electrochemical performance could be improved if the resistive buffer layer could be removed, thereby allowing the anode material to have direct contact with the electrolyte. To accomplish this, a new class of anode materials was synthesized with the goal of balancing “La” chemical potential between these neighboring materials. La‐doped SMMO and SMNO were prepared and studied. It was hypothesized that by incorporating La into the anode, the gradient of chemical activity between the anode and electrolyte would decrease, which would prevent La diffusion. These anode materials were synthesized via a sol–gel methodology and characterized with X‐ray diffraction to assess phase purity. The conductivity of the materials was analyzed in the presence of both H2 and 100 ppm H2S/H2 to determine the stability and performance of these materials during device operation. The stability experiments demonstrated that 40% La‐doped SMNO is stable in all pertinent environments while not reacting with the LSGM electrolyte.
Acute kidney injury and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis
Authors: Egerod Israelsen Mads , Gluud Lise Lotte , Krag Aleksander 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCirrhosis is the eighth leading cause of “years of lost life” in the United States and accounts for approximately 1% to 2% of all deaths in Europe. Patients with cirrhosis have a high risk of developing acute kidney injury. The clinical characteristics of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) are similar to prerenal uremia, but the condition does not respond to volume expansion. HRS type 1 is rapidly progressive whereas HRS type 2 has a slower course often associated with refractory ascites. A number of factors can precipitate HRS such as infections, alcoholic hepatitis, and bleeding. The monitoring, prevention, early detection, and treatment of HRS are essential. This paper reviews the value of early evaluation of renal function based on two new sets of diagnostic criteria. Interventions for HRS type 1 include terlipressin combined with albumin. In HRS type 2, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) should be considered. For both types of HRS patients should be evaluated for liver transplantation.
Preventive use of hepatoprotectors yields limited efficacy on the liver toxicity of anti‐tuberculosis agents in a large cohort of Chinese patients
Authors: Wu Shanshan , Xia Yinyin , Lv Xiaozhen , Tang Shaowen , Yang Zhirong , Zhang Yuan , Wang Xiaomeng , Hu Daiyu , Liu Feiying , Yuan Yanli , Tu Dehua , Sun Feng , Zhou Lin , Zhan Siyan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsWe aimed to explore the effectiveness of preventive usage of hepatoprotectors in patients with tuberculosis (TB) receiving anti‐TB treatment.MethodsWith stratified cluster sampling strategy, a prospective cohort with 4488 sputum smears positive pulmonary TB patients was established from 52 counties of four regions in China. During anti‐TB treatment, prescriptions of hepatoprotectors were documented in detail, and liver enzymes were routinely monitored. Anti‐TB drug‐induced liver injury (ATLI) was assessed based on liver enzymes following the criteria of American Thoracic Society. The incidence of ATLI between the preventive usage group and reference group was compared by propensity score adjusted Cox proportional hazard analysis. Preexisting diseases, history of liver disease, hepatitis B surface antigen status, primary/re‐treatment of TB, income per year, and liver enzymes before anti‐TB treatment were included in the propensity score model.ResultsAfter 6–9 months of follow‐up and monitoring, 4304 patients sustained in our cohort. Two thousand seven hundred fifty‐two (63.9%) patients preventively took hepatoprotectors with a median course of 183 days. Most frequently used drugs were Hu Gan Pian, silymarin, glucurone, and inosine. Two thousand one hundred forty‐four (77.9%) patients took those drugs more than 6 months. Sixty‐nine (2.4%) patients of preventive usage group and 37 (2.5%) of reference group experienced ATLI, respectively. Statistical significances were not found by propensity score analysis for the association between using hepatoprotectors (hazard ratio[HR] = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–1.52), using hepatoprotectors in the whole course (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.60–1.48), using Hu Gan Pians, silymarin, glucurone, and inosine with ATLI occurrence.ConclusionsNo preventive effect of hepatoprotectors was observed in patients receiving anti‐TB treatment.
Drawing ability in typical and atypical development; colour cues and the effect of oblique lines
Authors: Farran E. K. , Dodd G. F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Williams syndrome (WS) have poor drawing ability. Here, we investigated whether colour could be used as a facilitation cue during a drawing task.MethodParticipants with WS and non‐verbal ability matched typically developing (TD) children were shown line figures presented on a 3 by 3 dot matrix, and asked to replicate the figures by drawing on an empty dot matrix. The dots of the matrix were either all black (control condition), or nine different coloured dots (colour condition). In a third condition, which also used coloured dots, participants were additionally asked to verbalise the colours of the dots prior to replicating the line drawings (colour‐verbal condition).ResultsPerformance was stronger in both WS and TD groups on the two coloured conditions, compared with the control condition. However, the facilitation effect of colour was significantly weaker in the WS group than in the TD group. Replication of oblique line segments was less successful than replication of non‐oblique line segments for both groups; this effect was reduced by colour facilitation in the TD group only. Verbalising the colours had no additional impact on performance in either group.ConclusionWe suggest that colour acted as a cue to individuate the dots, thus enabling participants to better ascertain the spatial relationships between the parts of each figure, to determine the start and end points of component lines, and to determine the correspondence between the model and their replication. The reduced facilitation in the WS group is discussed in relation to the effect of oblique versus non‐oblique lines, the use of atypical drawing strategies, and reduced attention to the model when drawing the replication.
THE FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH NEXUS: A META‐ANALYSIS
Authors: Arestis Philip , Chortareas Georgios , Magkonis Georgios 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe conduct a meta‐analysis of the literature of financial development and economic growth. We cover a large number of empirical studies and estimations that have been published in journal articles. We measure the degree of heterogeneity and identify the causes of the observed differentiation. Among the most significant factors behind this heterogeneity is the choice of financial‐variable proxies, the kind of data used as well as whether a study takes into account the issue of endogeneity. Our results suggest that the empirical literature on the finance–growth nexus is not free from publication bias. Also, a genuine positive effect exists between financial development and economic growth.
Do mechanical properties of human fetal membrane depend on strain rate?
Authors: Faturechi Rahim , Hashemi Ata , Fatouraee Nasser 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to examine the effect of strain rate on the mechanical properties of human fetal membranes.MethodsDifferent strain rates were employed to quantify the stress–strain relation of the chorioamnion membrane. The mechanical properties of nine human amnion membranes, four collected from cesarean delivery and five collected from normal vaginal delivery, were examined in uniaxial tension tests under strain rates of 0.1, 1 and 10%/min.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed significant (P < 0.05) correlation between the change in strain rate and the elastic modulus as well as failure strain of amnion samples. The rupture stress, though, did not show dependency on strain rates.ConclusionHuman chorioamnion is strongly viscoelastic. By increasing the rate of the test, the stiffness of amnion increases considerably.
First molar cross‐bite is more closely associated with a reverse chewing cycle than anterior or pre‐molar cross‐bite during mastication
Authors: Tomonari H. , Ikemori T. , Kubota T. , Uehara S. , Miyawaki S. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryA posterior cross‐bite is defined as an abnormal bucco‐lingual relationship between opposing molars, pre‐molars or both in centric occlusion. Although it has been reported that patients with unilateral posterior cross‐bite often show unique chewing patterns, the relationship between the form of cross‐bite and masticatory jaw movement remains unclear in adult patients. The objective of this study was to investigate masticatory jaw movement among different forms of cross‐bite. One hundred and one adults were recruited in this study: 27 had unilateral first molar cross‐bite (MC group); 28, unilateral pre‐molar cross‐bite (PC group); 23, anterior cross‐bite (AC group); and 23, normal occlusion (control group). Masticatory jaw movement of the lower incisor point was recorded with six degrees of freedom jaw‐tracking system during unilateral mastication. Our results showed that the reverse chewing ratio during deliberate unilateral mastication was significantly larger in the MC group than in the PA (P < 0·001), AC (P < 0·001) and control (P < 0·001) groups. These findings suggest that compared to the anterior or pre‐molar cross‐bite, the first molar cross‐bite is more closely associated with a higher prevalence of a reverse chewing cycle.
Analysis of brain activity involved in chewing‐side preference during chewing: an fMRI study
Authors: Jiang H. , Liu H. , Liu G. , Jin Z. , Wang L. , Ma J. , Li H. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the activation characteristics of cerebral cortex in participants with CSP during rhythmic chewing movement. Sixteen right‐handed participants with left (two males: 29·0 ± 8·4 years old, six females: 32·3 ± 4·8 years old) or right (four males: 31·0 ± 6·1 years old, four females: 30·8 ± 4·7 years old) CSP were scanned by functional magnetic resonance imaging during rhythmic chewing. The on‐off sequence of scanning was 30 s of rhythmic chewing and 30 s of rest (off) a total of five times. The results showed that blood oxygen level‐dependent signals in the contralateral (to the CSP) primary sensorimotor cortex increased more than in the ipsilateral primary sensorimotor cortex in participants with both left and right CSP (P ≤ 0·001). Moreover, the BOLD signal within the right substantia nigra of midbrain, brainstem was more significantly (P ≤ 0·001) activated than its left counterpart in participants with left CSP, while no activation was observed in those with right CSP. The similar activation of the cerebellum was in participants with right CSP. The inferior parietal lobule, inferior frontal gyrus and left insular cortex were significantly (P ≤ 0·001) activated in participants with CSP. These findings suggest a relationship between hemispheric dominance and CSP in the primary sensorimotor cortex responsible for rhythmic chewing movement. The brainstem and the cerebellum might also play important role in the regulation of CSP. Furthermore, the IFG, IPL and insular may contribute to higher cognitive information processing for participants with CSP.
No Evidence of QoI Resistance in Apple Powdery Mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha)
Authors: Koch Andreas , Felsenstein Friedrich , Stammler Gerd 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSensitivity monitoring studies using detached leaf tests with isolates of Podosphaera leucotricha showed no adaptation to pyraclostrobin in the last years. Sequence analysis of the target gene of QoIs, cytochrome b, of different isolates of P. leucotricha showed the presence of an intron directly after codon 143. This makes the occurrence of the G143A mutation unlikely. On the other hand, intron sequences have not been detected in immediate vicinity to the codons 129 and 137; therefore, the occurrence of those two mutations cannot be excluded. As the effects of these mutations on field performance on QoI fungicides are rather low, the overall resistance risk of P. leucotricha to this fungicide class is estimated to be low. The amplified cytochrome b gene fragments (exons and introns) for samples from different European countries and Australia were highly conserved.
Molecular Characterization of Aster Yellows Subgroup 16SrI‐B Phytoplasma in Verbena × hybrida
Authors: Přibylová Jaroslava , Petrzik Karel , Fránová Jana , Špak Josef 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSymptoms resembling phytoplasma disease were observed on Verbena × hybrida in Alanya, Turkey, during October 2013. Infected plants were growing as perennials in a flower border and showed symptoms of discoloured flowers, poor flower clusters, inflorescences with a small number of developed flowers and thickened fruit stalks. Electron microscopy examination of the ultra‐thin sections revealed polymorphic bodies in the phloem tissue of leaf midribs. The phytoplasma aetiology of this disease was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction of the 16S rRNA gene, the 16–23S rRNA intergenic spacer region and the start of the 23S rRNA gene using universal phytoplasma‐specific primer pair P1A/P7A, two ribosomal protein (rp) genes (rpl22 and rps3) (the group‐specific primer pair rp(I)F1A/rp(I)R1A) and the Tuf gene (group‐specific fTufAy/rTufAy primers) generating amplicons of 1.8 kbp, 1.2 kbp and 940 bp, respectively. Comparison of the amplified sequences with those available in GenBank allowed classification of the phytoplasma into aster yellows subgroups 16SrI‐B, rpI‐B and tufI‐B. This is the first report about molecular detection and identification of natural infection of the genus Verbena by phytoplasma and occurrence of the aster yellows group phytoplasma on an ornamental plant in Turkey.
Partial Coalescence in Cream‐Like Emulsions Prepared with Alternative Fats: Effect of Controlled Stirring and Temperature Cycles
Authors: Pérez María P. , Tesei María F. , Wagner Jorge R. , Márquez Andrés L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe objective was to study the partial coalescence as a consequence of controlled stirring and temperature cycles in oil‐in‐water emulsions prepared with skimmed cow milk and nondairy fats: low trans vegetable fat (LT), bovine fat (BF), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (HS) and sunflower oil as control. The partial coalescence rates (%/min) of the stirred emulsions were LT, 89.8 ± 4.3; BF, 29.7 ± 3.1; HS, 23.8 ± 3.1. This result was attributed to the lower solid fat content (%) of emulsion LT (19.2 ± 1.2 versus 25.9 ± 1.1 in BF and 56.8 ± 1.1 in HS). A temperature cycle with partial melting of fats led to hardening of texture in emulsions BF and HS due to partial coalescence, favored by the recrystallization of the fat at the interface. Emulsion LT did not show changes after the same treatment, probably because its lower solid fat content did not favor partial coalescence in the absence of mechanical work.Practical ApplicationsThis article deals with the formulation and characterization of cream‐like emulsions prepared with skimmed cow milk and different fats as an alternative lipid phase instead of dairy fat. The partial coalescence process was analyzed after application of controlled stirring (where the phenomenon is desired) and temperature cycles (where it must be avoided). This research can be useful as a starting point for the elaboration of a healthier product than dairy cream without losing its characteristic rheological behavior during whipping/stirring. This work also points to control some desired and undesired properties by the selection of the lipid phase. Promising results were obtained using a particular vegetable fat with low content of trans fatty acids; this may open the door for further investigations in order to obtain a healthy edible cream with favorable response to whipping/stirring and good stability against thermal fluctuations.
Gender Unemployment Dynamics: Evidence from Ten Advanced Economies
Authors: Koutentakis Franciscos 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe paper investigates gender unemployment dynamics in 10 advances economies applying a recent methodology on widely available Labour Force Surveys data. We calculate the job finding and separation rates for each gender and use them to construct the steady‐state unemployment gap as well as two counterfactual gender unemployment gaps: one generated by differences only in job finding rates and the other by differences only in separation rates. We find that in all countries the gender unemployment gap attributed to differences in the job finding rate is lower than the gap attributed to differences in the separation rate, suggesting that gender differences in the separation rate are the major factor behind the gender unemployment gap.
Impact of rheumatic diseases on oral health and quality of life
Authors: Ahola K , Saarinen A , Kuuliala A , Leirisalo‐Repo M , Murtomaa H , Meurman JH 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveWe investigated the effects of rheumatic diseases on oral symptoms, health habits, and quality of life in subjects with and without rheumatic diseases. The hypothesis was that patients with rheumatic diseases have more oral symptoms impairing their quality of life than healthy controls.MethodsA questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 1500 members of the Finnish Rheumatism Association, including those with and without rheumatic diseases. We focused on symptoms of the mouth and temporomandibular area, and health habits. Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP14) was used to evaluate the oral health‐related quality of life. We analyzed differences between subjects with and without rheumatic diseases, controlled for age, gender, smoking, and non‐rheumatic chronic diseases.ResultsCompleted questionnaires were received from 995 participants (response rate 66%). Of them, 564 reported rheumatic disease, 431 were used as controls. The patients reported significantly more all orofacial symptoms than controls. Severe dry mouth was reported by 19.6% of patients and 2.9% of controls (P < 0.001), and temporomandibular joint symptoms by 59.2% and 27.2% (P < 0.001), respectively. In the OHIP‐14 questionnaire, the mean total score was significantly higher in patients (8.80 ± 11.15) than in controls (3.93 ± 6.60; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe study hypothesis was confirmed by showing that the patients with rheumatic diseases reported oral discomfort and reduced quality of life more often when compared with controls.